tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunoregulatory T cells in man. Histamine-induced suppressor T cells are derived from a Leu 2+ (T8+) subpopulation distinct from that which gives rise to cytotoxic T cells.
Authors: P Sansoni, E D Silverman, M M Khan, K L Melmon, E G Engleman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

One mechanism of histamine-mediated inhibition of the immune response in man is to activate T suppressor cells that bear the Leu 2 (OKT8) marker. The current study was undertaken to characterize the histamine-induced suppressor cell using a monoclonal antibody (9.3) shown previously to distinguish cytotoxic T cells from antigen-specific suppressor T cells. Leu 2+ cells isolated from peripheral blood were further separated with antibody 9.3 into Leu 2+, 9.3+, and Leu 2+, 9.3- subsets and each subset was incubated with different concentrations of histamine before determining their ability to suppress immune responses in vitro. The results indicate that the Leu 2+, 9.3- subpopulation includes all histamine-induced suppressor cells, that 10(-4) M histamine is the optimal concentration for suppressor cell induction, and that exposure of Leu 2+, 9.3- cells to histamine for 30 s is sufficient to initiate the induction process. After treatment with histamine these cells inhibit both phytohemagglutinin-induced T cell proliferation and pokeweed mitogen-induced B cell differentiation. The suppression of phytohemagglutinin-induced proliferation was resistant to x-irradiation with 1,200 rad, either before or after histamine exposure, suggesting that Leu 2+, 9.3- cells need not proliferate to become suppressor cells or exert suppression. Moreover, suppression by these cells was not due to altered kinetics of the response. Finally, a histamine type 2 receptor antagonist (cimetidine) but not a type 1 receptor antagonist (mepyramine) blocked the induction of suppressor cells. On the basis of these results and our previous studies of antigen specific suppressor cells, we conclude that Leu 2+ suppressor cells in man are derived from a precursor pool that is phenotypically distinct from cells that can differentiate into cytotoxic T cells.
Maybe the time has come for the primacy of the patient in the NHS
Authors: H. Alberti, G. Alberti
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—We wholeheartedly agree with Hampton's statement that cooperation and understanding between primary and secondary care are crucial.1 Unfortunately, his article has done little to promote these. He states that there is “no evidence that an NHS based on the primacy of primary care will function any better” and then attacks primary care with equally little evidence in support of his uninformed, dogmatic statements.

Firstly, the increase in admissions for medical emergencies does not prove …
17-Ketosteroid Excretion in Men with Gout
Authors: E. R. Cook, G. D. Kersley, M. Luscombe
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1957)

Calculated from author's data, omitting one patient with a very high value.t Calculated from author's data, omitting the results for four female gouty patients.t Calculated from author's graph, containing 25 determinations from seven normal subjects and 34 determinations from thirteen patients.§ Calculated from author's graph, assuming that each value represented one subject.
Genome- and Phenome-Wide Analyses of Cardiac Conduction Identifies Markers of Arrhythmia Risk
Authors: Marylyn D. Ritchie, Joshua C. Denny, Rebecca L. Zuvich, Dana C. Crawford, Jonathan S. Schildcrout, Lisa Bastarache, Andrea H. Ramirez, Jonathan D. Mosley, Jill M. Pulley, Melissa A. Basford, Yuki Bradford, Luke V. Rasmussen, Jyotishman Pathak, Christopher G. Chute, Iftikhar J. Kullo, Catherine A. McCarty, Rex L. Chisholm, Abel N. Kho, Christopher S. Carlson, Eric B. Larson, Gail P. Jarvik, Nona Sotoodehnia, Teri A. Manolio, Rongling Li, Daniel R. Masys, Jonathan L. Haines, Dan M. Roden
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— ECG QRS duration, a measure of cardiac intraventricular conduction, varies ≈2-fold in individuals without cardiac disease. Slow conduction may promote re-entrant arrhythmias. Methods and Results— We performed a genome-wide association study to identify genomic markers of QRS duration in 5272 individuals without cardiac disease selected from electronic medical record algorithms at 5 sites in the Electronic Medical Records and Genomics (eMERGE) network. The most significant loci were evaluated within the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium QRS genome-wide association study meta-analysis. Twenty-three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 5 loci, previously described by CHARGE, were replicated in the eMERGE samples; 18 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were in the chromosome 3 SCN5A and SCN10A loci, where the most significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms were rs1805126 in SCN5A with P =1.2×10 −8 (eMERGE) and P =2.5×10 −20 (CHARGE) and rs6795970 in SCN10A with P =6×10 −6 (eMERGE) and P =5×10 −27 (CHARGE). The other loci were in NFIA , near CDKN1A , and near C6orf204. We then performed phenome-wide association studies on variants in these 5 loci in 13859 European Americans to search for diagnoses associated with these markers. Phenome-wide association study identified atrial fibrillation and cardiac arrhythmias as the most common associated diagnoses with SCN10A and SCN5A variants. SCN10A variants were also associated with subsequent development of atrial fibrillation and arrhythmia in the original 5272 “heart-healthy” study population. Conclusions— We conclude that DNA biobanks coupled to electronic medical records not only provide a platform for genome-wide association study but also may allow broad interrogation of the longitudinal incidence of disease associated with genetic variants. The phenome-wide association study approach implicated sodium channel variants modulating QRS duration in subjects without cardiac disease as predictors of subsequent arrhythmias.
JAMA-EXPRESS: Rapid Peer Review and Publication
Authors: Margaret A. Winker
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE BALLISTOCARDIOGRAM IN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Robert C. Taymor
Journal: JAMA (1952)

In the absence of a clear-cut history and definite physical findings, the diagnosis of coronary artery disease often becomes a difficult task for the clinician. In the search for supplementary objective evidence, various tests have been developed as aids in the diagnostic study of these patients. The electrocardiogram has been most widely employed for this purpose. However, the resting electrocardiogram is of value only when it shows abnormalities, and it has been well established that a large percentage of patients with coronary artery disease have normal resting electrocardiograms.<sup>1</sup>In 1929 Master and Oppenheimer<sup>2</sup>introduced a test for circulatory function based on the response of the blood pressure and pulse to standard exercise. Subsequently these standards of exercise were employed to determine the effect of exercise on the electrocardiogram in patients with angina pectoris.<sup>3</sup>Considerable experience has now been obtained in the use of the Master "two-step" exercise
Study of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at the palindromic sequence of hypersensitive site (HS)4 of the human β‐globin locus control region (LCR) in Indian population
Authors: Ritushree Kukreti, Chandrika B‐Rao, Swapan Kr Das, Madhusnata De, Geeta Talukder, Flavian Vaz, I.C. Verma, Samir K. Brahmachari
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Abstract LCR, a genetic regulatory element, was examined in β‐thalassemia patients who do not show any mutation in the β‐globin genes. We sequenced LCR‐HS2, HS3, and HS4 in samples from 16 such patients from the Indian population and found only one SNP A‐G in the inverted repeat in HS4. A significant association was observed between the G allele and occurrence of β‐thalassemia by Fisher's exact test. The AG and GG genotypes showed higher relative risk as compared to the AA genotype. We also observed linkage disequilibrium between the A/G polymorphism and the AT‐rich motif of the LCR HS2 region, suggesting that the G allele could be an evolutionarily new mutation in the study population. Am. J. Hematol. 69:77‐79, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Liver disease and cell-mediated immunity in hepatitis-associated antigen (HAA) carriers
Authors: T. D. Bolin, A. E. Davis, A. G. Liddelow
Journal: Gut (1973)

As the incidence of liver disease in hepatitis-associated antigen (HAA) carriers has not been defined and it has been postulated that continuing liver disease is associated with incompetence of the cell-mediated immune system, a prospective study was undertaken to examine both these points.An increased incidence of HAA carriers was found in a prison population (1.3%). Eighteen of these subjects gave informed consent to further study with liver function tests, liver biopsy, and testing of cell-mediated immunity with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) skin sensitization. Liver function tests were normal in 10 subjects, mildly abnormal in six (SGPT < 100 IU/litre), and abnormal in two. Serum proteins were normal in all. Liver biopsy showed that five subjects had chronic aggressive hepatitis, three of whom had normal liver function tests. Eight subjects had persistent hepatitis, three with normal liver function tests. The remainder had acute hepatitis (1), evidence of residual hepatitis (1), or non-specific changes (2). Only one subject had normal histology. Drug addicts, who comprised 56% of the group, had more severe liver disease then those who were not addicts. The hypothesis that persisting liver disease is associated with impaired cell-mediated immunity was not confirmed in that nine of the 12 subjects with persistent or chronic aggressive hepatitis had a positive response to dinitrochlorobenzene skin sensitization, thus implying normal cell-mediated immunity. The findings of this study suggest that in the presence of continuing antigenaemia liver biopsy is mandatory in order to disclose treatable liver disease.
Lupus antiribosomal P antisera contain antibodies to a small fragment of 28S rRNA located in the proposed ribosomal GTPase center.
Authors: J L Chu, N Brot, H Weissbach, K Elkon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

The ribosomal P proteins are necessary for GTPase activity during protein synthesis. In addition to antibodies to the P proteins, sera from lupus patients contain anti-rRNA activity. To determine whether lupus antiribosomal sera recognize the region of 28S rRNA recently proposed to form part of the ribosomal GTPase center, an rRNA fragment corresponding to nucleotides (nt) 1922-2020 was transcribed in vitro and tested for antigenicity. 18 of 24 (75%) lupus sera containing anti-P antibodies, but only 2 of 24 (8%) lupus sera without anti-P, immunoprecipitated this rRNA fragment (p less than 0.001). The binding was specific, since no significant differences were observed between anti-P positive and negative lupus sera in binding to the RNA fragment transcribed in the antisense orientation or to a control region of rRNA. The majority of sera tested protected a rRNA fragment of approximately 68 nucleotides. To evaluate the fine specificity of the anti-28S antibodies, deletions and site-directed mutations were made in the RNA fragment. The anti-28S antisera required nt 1944-1955 for recognition and were remarkably sensitive to destabilizing as well as nondestabilizing mutations in the stems of the RNA fragments. Detection of antiprotein and anti-RNA antibodies directed against a functionally related domain in the ribosome, together with the remarkable specificity of anti-28S antibodies, strongly suggests a direct role for this region of the ribosome in initiating and/or maintaining antiribosomal autoantibody production.
Food systems: perspectives on demographics and affluence, food supply and consumption.
Authors: G T Molitor
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Global population may double by 2020 but the Malthusian specter of rapid population growth outracing slower increases in production will continue to be a false alarm. A vast array of agricultural technologies have the capacity to increase output 10-fold, perhaps as much as 100-fold. Discovery of a sweetener 54,000 times sweeter than sucrose (cane or beet sugar) indicates the magnitude of prodigious increases portended by new technologies. Productive agriculture, however, has become capital intense, limiting its availability in poorer nations. Increased production is the key to low prices and affordable supplies. In a world continuing to face starvation, there is no place for government policies purposely limiting supplies and artificially propping prices at high levels that place life-sustaining food beyond means of the poor. Affluence provides financial wherewithal to secure an adequate diet. Unfortunately, an estimated 25% of the world's population go hungry and face starvation. The specter of starvation may afflict as many as 600 million, and malnutrition, another 150 million by the year 2020. Improving self-sufficiency in these nations will remain a top humanitarian concern.
Review by Thromboembolic Risk Factors Consensus Group was misquoted
Authors: G. D O Lowe
Journal: BMJ (1995)

population of 2 101 252 (1991 census data, Basque Institute of Statistics) with about 80000 children aged less than 5 in 1993-4.During 1993-4 H influenzae type b was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid and blood from 42 children aged less than 5 with invasive disease, 29 of whom had meningitis.The annual incidence of bacteriologically confirmed invasive type b infections was 53, 59, and 26 per 100 000 children aged < 1, < 3, and < 5 years respectively.If there is any bias in our figures it is likely to be due to underdetection, as several small hospital centres do not have appropriate facilities for culturing bacteria.Of the 42 cases, 29 were recorded by the two main paediatric hospitals in the area.These hospitals saw 88 other cases of invasive disease in children aged less than 5 from 1986 to 1992; 49 of the children had meningitis.The proportion of the strains of H influenzae type b isolated from these children in Gipuzkoa and Bizkaia that produced ,B-lactamase was 59% and 53% respectively.More than a third of these strains, which are resistant to ampicillin, were also resistant to chloramphenicol.The incidence in the Basque region is similar to the incidences estimated for most western European countries before the introduction of conjugate vaccines.'The high proportion of strains of H influenzae type b that are resistant to antibiotics emphasises the need for the H influenzae type b conjugate vaccine to be given to Spanish infants, even when a regional variation in incidence within Spain is allowed for.
Abstract 3040: Differential microRNA expression between normal edometrium, endometrioid adenocarcinoma, papillary serous adenocarcinoma, and carcinosarcoma
Authors: Eric J. Devor, Michael Goodheart, Koenraad DeGeest, David Bender, Thomas Buekers, Kimberly K. Leslie
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract This study compares quantitative microRNA expression profiles of normal endometrial tissue and the three primary endometrial tumor types; endometrioid adenocarcinoma, papillary serous adenocarcinoma, and carcinosarcoma, representing a spectrum of tissue involvement, aggressiveness, and prognosis/ recurrence risk. Methods: Total RNA was prepared directly from primary tissues and microRNA expression was profiled in two ways. Expression levels of 667 human microRNAs were assessed by qPCR using TaqMan microRNA Arrays (Applied Biosystems). In addition, a size-selected small RNA cloning strategy developed in our lab was employed to search for additional microRNAs via deep sequencing on the Illumina/Solexa platform. Results: A number of recent surveys have implicated a small set of candidate microRNAs in endometrial cancers. Among theses are miR-103, miR-107, miR-141, miR-210, as well as the miR-200 family, particularly miR-200c. Our results confirm these previous studies as well as implicating several additional microRNAs. Conclusions: Quantitative microRNA expression profiling of endometrial cancers demonstrates differential expression that segregates with tumor type and clinical prognosis. In addition, a number of specific microRNAs appear to be consistently either over- or under-expressed in these cancers compared to normal endometrium. It is these microRNAs, such as miR-210 and miR-200c, that comprise a set of markers for quantitative validation and target ascertainment with the potential to provide important correlates to cancer type and prognosis/ recurrence risk. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3040.
ATROPHIC RHINITIS: A REPROACH TO RHINOLOGY.
Authors: GEORGE L. RICHARDS
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Of late years atrophic rhinitis seems to have been very much neglected by the writers of the literature of American rhinology, not because of the lack of prevalence of the disease, which is probably as prevalent as ever, but doubtless because of the unsatisfactory results which the average rhinologist obtains. In looking over the programs of society meetings I find that, relative to the number of cases which probably occur in every man's practice, as a subject for papers it has not been deemed attractive. The literature touching the tonsil, the turbinate and the accessory sinuses is so voluminous that to consult it in any but a very superficial manner is a great deal of work, whereas I find in looking over the programs of this section for a number of years that only three or four papers have been devoted to this subject. I do not find any reference
The prevalence of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: Are the data found in this sample applicable to other settings?
Authors: Catiane Tiecher Cusinato, Ana Paula Messa Koetz, Nêmora Tregnago Barcellos, Fernando Herz Wolff
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

We would like to congratulate the investigators and the editors for the article by Ioannou et al. recently published in HEPATOLOGY.1 Despite the valuable information added by the study, some issues caught our attention and, if clarified by the investigators, may greatly contribute to the knowledge on human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus (HIV/HCV) coinfection. In Table 3, HCV antiviral treatment and sustained virological response (SVR) are additionally adjusted for HCV genotype. Because these data have a major influence in the study endpoints,2, 3 we agreed with this strategy, but we missed the information on the HCV genotype prevalence in the sample. Was HCV genotype prevalence different among patients who achieved the endpoints (i.e., cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma)? If not, why was this additional adjustment performed? Another issue that caused much surprise was why had only 18% of HIV/HCV-coinfected patients ever been treated for HCV? Did these patients have other comorbidities that prevented them from been treated? In this case, were these morbidities associated with the endpoints? Finally, the very low SVR rate in treated patients (17%) was very disappointing and is lower than rates previously reported. In an extensive systematic review, Shire et al. found SVR rates with pegylated interferon (IFN) and ribavirin treatment between 27% and 44%.4 Because patients who received two or more doses of IFN were considered as having been treated, we believe that these may be responsible, at least in part, for the low SVR rates reported. The absence of efficacy data (on treatment SVR results in addition to the reported intention-to-treat data) prevented the readers from better understanding these results. Catiane Tiecher Cusinato*, Ana Paula Messa Koetz*, Nêmora Tregnago Barcellos*, Fernando Herz Wolff*, * Graduate Program in Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Grommets, tonsillectomies, and deprivation in Scotland
Authors: A. F Bisset, D. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1994)

To see whether there is a relation between grommet insertion operation and tonsillectomy rates, otolaryngology services, and deprivation scores in Scotland.Analysis of routine 1990 NHS data on grommet insertions and tonsillectomies in Scottish children aged 0-15 years compared with data on general practitioner and otolaryngology services and Carstairs deprivation scores.All 15 Scottish health boards.All children aged 0-15 (1,021,933).Tonsillectomy was more common than grommet insertion operations in Scotland (6182:4850). Health boards with high grommet insertion rates were more likely to have low tonsillectomy rates (Spearman's rank correlation -0.59; 95% confidence interval -0.87 to -0.03). Grommet insertion rates varied fourfold (from 2.4/1000 to 9.2/1000) and tonsillectomy rates twofold (from 3.6/1000 to 8.0/1000) across Scottish health boards. Variation between health boards had changed over the 15 years 1975-90. Variation in grommet insertion rates did not reflect variation in the supply of otolaryngology consultants (Spearman's rank correlation -0.25). There was a non-significant tendency for high general practitioner referral rates to be associated with high grommet insertion rates, low tonsillectomy rates, and less deprived areas (Spearman's rank correlation coefficients 0.50, -0.53, and -0.43). Deprivation (measured by Carstairs scoring for each health board) was associated with higher tonsillectomy rates (Spearman's rank correlation 0.41; 95% confidence interval -0.22 to 0.80) and significantly lower grommet insertion rates (-0.73; -0.92 to -0.28).Social factors as well as differences in disease prevalence and medical practice need to be considered when studying variation in childhood grommet insertion and tonsillectomy rates.
Chemotherapy in Patients ≥80 with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Combined Results from SWOG 0027 and LUN 6
Authors: Paul J. Hesketh, Rogerio C. Lilenbaum, Kari Chansky, Afshin Dowlati, Patricia Graham, Robert A. Chapman, John J. Crowley, David R. Gandara
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)