tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
GM-CSF and GM-CSF βc receptor in adult patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Authors: B. Bewig, X-D. Wang, D. Kirsten, K Dalhoff, H. Schäfer
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disorder of unknown origin characterized by alveolar fillings with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive material mainly consisting of phospholipids. Mice defective in the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene or the GM-CSF/interleukin (IL)-3/IL-5-receptor common beta chain (beta c) demonstrate a pathology resembling PAP. A recent study revealed defects in the beta c chain of the GM-CSF receptor in four out of eight paediatric patients. This study investigates the role of the GM-CSF coding region and components of the GM-CSF receptor in adult patients. Four adult patients with proven PAP were analysed for GM-CSF and GM-CSF-beta c receptor in regard to protein level, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression and sequence composition. None of the adult patients displayed the mutation at position 1,835 of the beta c-receptor previously described in paediatric patients. Expression of the beta c receptor was found to be normal on the surface of peripheral blood cells. In three out of four patients GM-CSF release from blood cells failed to respond adequately to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In one of these patients a heterozygous mutation was found in the GM-CSF complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) from thymine (T) to cytosine (C) at position 382 of the published sequence putatively causing a change in the protein from isoleucine to threonine at position 117. This study indicates that the mutation of the beta chain receptors found in some of the paediatric patients suffering from pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is not a common problem in adult patients.
Aberrant CpG island hypermethylation in dysplastic nodules and early HCC of hepatitis B virus-related human multistep hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Tae-Hee Um, Haeryoung Kim, Bong-Kyeong Oh, Myoung Soo Kim, Kyung Sik Kim, Guhung Jung, Young Nyun Park
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Hepatorenal syndrome: Is it truly the end of the road?
Authors: Florence Wong
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Background & Aims: Type 1 hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a severe complication of cirrhosis associated with a short median survival time (<2 weeks).Although the administration of terlipressin improves renal function, its effect on survival is unknown.This study investigated predictive factors of survival in patients with type 1 HRS treated with terlipressin.Methods: Ninety-nine patients with type 1 HRS treated with terlipressin in 24 centers were retrospectively studied.Terlipressin-induced improved renal function was defined as a decrease in serum creatinine value to <130 micromol/L or a decrease of at least 20% at the end of treatment.Results: At inclusion, the Child-Pugh score was 11.8؎1.6 (mean؎SD).Terlipressin (3.2؎1.3 mg/day) was administered for 11؎12 days.Renal function improved in 58 (64%) patients (serum creatinine decreased by 46%؎17% from 272؎114 micromol/L).Median survival time was 21 days.Survival rate was 40% at 1 month.Multivariate analysis showed that improved renal function and Child-Pugh score <11 at inclusion were independent predictive factors of survival (P<0.0001 and 0.02, respectively).Thirteen patients underwent liver transplantation (92؎95 days after HRS onset), 10 of whom had received terlipressin and had had improved renal function.Conclusions:This retrospective uncontrolled study shows that in patients with type 1 HRS, terlipressin-induced improved renal function is associated with an increase in survival.Thus, a randomized trial investigating the effect of terlipressin on survival in patients with type 1 HRS should be performed.
Composite membrane of bacterially-derived cellulose and molecularly imprinted polymer for use as a transdermal enantioselective controlled-release system of racemic propranolol
Authors: Chatchada Bodhibukkana, Teerapol Srichana, Sanae Kaewnopparat, Naruedom Tangthong, Pisit Bouking, Gary P. Martin, Roongnapa Suedee
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2006)
Increases in eotaxin‐positive cells in induced sputum from atopic asthmatic subjects after inhalational allergen challenge
Authors: K Zeibecoglou, Sun Ying, Q Meng, Ds Robinson, Ab Kay, Aj Macfarlane, Nc Barnes, I Pavord
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Background: Eosinophils are believed to be critical proinflammatory cells in airway mucosal damage in asthma. Eotaxin is a C‐C chemokine with selective activity for eosinophils and basophils. Previous studies have shown increased expression of eotaxin in the airways of asthmatics at baseline. We aimed to investigate eotaxin expression during the late‐phase reaction to allergen inhalation in atopic asthmatics. Methods: Sputum induction was performed before and 24 h after inhalational allergen challenge in atopic asthmatics, and eotaxin protein was detected immunocytochemically. Results: Thirteen patients with a mean decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 s of 28% (±1.5) during the early asthmatic reaction, and 39% (±4.7) during the late asthmatic reaction produced sufficient sputum for study. The percentage of eosinophils in sputum was increased 24 h after allergen challenge ( P &lt;0.004), and eosinophil percentages in sputum after challenge correlated with the magnitude of the late‐phase reaction ( r =0.56, P =0.05). The percentage of eotaxin‐positive cells increased from 12.6% (range 2–43.8) to 24.3% (8.1–47.1, P &lt;0.005). Allergen‐induced increases in eotaxin‐positive cells correlated with increases in eosinophils ( r =0.63, P &lt;0.01). Conclusions: These findings suggest that eotaxin may contribute to allergen‐induced recruitment of eosinophils to the airway in asthmatic subjects.
Treatment of Suicide Attempters With Bipolar Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Lithium and Valproate in the Prevention of Suicidal Behavior
Authors: Maria A. Oquendo, Hanga C. Galfalvy, Dianne Currier, Michael F. Grunebaum, Leo Sher, Gregory M. Sullivan, Ainsley K. Burke, Jill Harkavy-Friedman, M. Elizabeth Sublette, Ramin V. Parsey, J. John Mann
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2011)

Bipolar disorder is associated with high risk for suicidal acts. Observational studies suggest a protective effect of lithium against suicidal behavior. However, testing this effect in randomized clinical trials is logistically and ethically challenging. The authors tested the hypothesis that lithium offers bipolar patients with a history of suicide attempt greater protection against suicidal behavior compared to valproate.Patients with bipolar disorder and past suicide attempts (N=98) were randomly assigned to treatment with lithium or valproate, plus adjunctive medications as indicated, in a double-blind 2.5-year trial. An intent-to-treat analysis was performed using the log-rank test for survival data. Two models were fitted: time to suicide attempt and time to suicide event (attempt or hospitalization or change in medication in response to suicide plans).There were 45 suicide events in 35 participants, including 18 suicide attempts made by 14 participants, six from the lithium group and eight from the valproate group. There were no suicides. Intent-to-treat analysis using the log-rank test showed no differences between treatment groups in time to suicide attempt or to suicide event. Post hoc power calculations revealed that the modest sample size, reflective of challenges in recruitment, only permits detection of a relative risk of 5 or greater.Despite the high frequency of suicide events during the study, this randomized controlled trial detected no difference between lithium and valproate in time to suicide attempt or suicide event in a sample of suicide attempters with bipolar disorder. However, smaller clinically significant differences between the two drugs were not ruled out.
Jo Gallup, New England Epidemiologist (1769–1849)
Authors: Oliver S. Hayward
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

KIPLING may have had his Vermont neighbor, Jo Gallup, in mind when he wrote his wry eulogy:Our Fathers of Old—Wonderful little, when all is said, Wonderful little our fathers knew. Half their remedies cured you dead—Most of their teaching was quite untrue—"Look at the stars when a patient is ill, (Dirt has nothing to do with disease) Bleed and blister him as oft as you please." Whence enormous and manifold Errors were made by our fathers of old.Yet when sickness was sore in the land, And neither planet nor herb assuaged, They took their lives in their . . .
726-4 Favorable Long-term Outcome of Severe Acute Myocarditis in Children not Receiving Immunosuppressive Therapy. A Comparative Study with Adult Patients
Authors: Manuel Anguita, Federico Valles, Francisco Torres, Jose M. Arizon, Diego Gimenez, Ignacio Tejero, Jose Suarez de Lezo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Antibody response to inactivated influenza vaccine given by different routes in patients with chronic bronchopulmonary disease
Authors: S. L. Shore, C. W. Potter, C. H. Stuart-Harris
Journal: Thorax (1973)

<b>Shore, S. L., Potter, C. W., and Stuart-Harris, C. H. (1973).</b><i>Thorax,</i><b>28,</b> 721-728. <b>Antibody response to inactivated influenza vaccine given by different routes in patients with chronic bronchopulmonary disease.</b> A comparison was made of the effects of administering inactivated bivalent influenza vaccine to 30 patients with chronic chest disease by various routes. The vaccine was given by subcutaneous injection to one group, by intranasal and intraoral spray on two successive days to a second group, and by both subcutaneous and intranasal routes to a third group of patients. Most of the patients suffered from chronic bronchitis with airways obstruction but three had asthma. The composition of the groups was adjusted in order that approximately the same number was present in each group of those with or without antibodies to influenza virus A2/Hong Kong/68. The titre of antibodies to this virus was measured in the serum and in sputum before and after immunization. The results were clearcut in that a greater proportion of those receiving subcutaneous vaccine with or without intranasal vaccine achieved a rise in HI antibodies and a higher titre of serum antibodies than those receiving vaccine purely by the respiratory route. Sputum antibodies were measured by both HI and tissue culture neutralization tests. The best sputum antibody responses were achieved by those receiving a single dose of subcutaneous vaccine. Those receiving vaccine by the respiratory route only achieved the poorest result and the third group immunized by both routes produced intermediate titres of sputum antibodies, thus suggesting an impairment of the local antibody response. These results are discussed with reference to the method of immunization against influenza of patients with chronic bronchitis.
948. Rapid Production of Specific Artificial Meganucleases for Gene Correction in Patients with Inherited Disease
Authors: Philippe Duchateau, Patrick Chames, Jean-Charles Epinat, Arnould Sylvain, Julie Smith, Agnes Gouble, Christophe Perez, Sylvestre Grizot, Frederic Paques
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Meganucleases are sequence-specific endonucleases recognizing large (>14 bp) sequences. Because of this unusual specificity, meganuclease have emerged as powerful tools for genome engineering: creation of double-strand breaks by meganucleases at specific loci can be used to enhance homologous gene targeting by several orders of magnitude in mammalian and plant cells. Recently, such proteins could be used to induce gene repair in mouse hepatocytes, paving the way for a novel strategy for inherited diseases therapy based on gene correction instead of complementation.
Guidelines for Development of New Health Occupations
Authors: Thomas C. Points
Journal: JAMA (1970)

One approach to increasing the supply of health services is rational delegation of some of the physician's traditional functions in delivery of health care. Such an approach involves reallocating duties between the physician and other health personnel to achieve the best use of skills at each level, and often results in reducing the time input in education required to perform a given health service. This reallocation of duties can take place in two ways: by expanding the medical service role of existing health occupations, or by creating and recruiting for new career roles to assist the physician. Neither of these methods is in itself new. Physicians have been delegating tasks to allied workers and training their own "assistants" for many years. Many physicians, within their office settings, have been highly successful in training persons to perform specific functions previously associated solely with the physician's role. The duties of these assistants
Use of Cortisone in Diseases of the Eye
Authors: F. S. Lavery, L. E. Werner, D. O'Donoghue, P. M. Guinan, J. Macdougald
Journal: BMJ (1951)

M~~~~~~~~~~~~MEICAL JOURNAL Similarly, it would help' tQ facilitate this exchange of views and a realization that both sides form a team if the local health officer could have some attachment to his local hospital and be welcomed in theit common-rooms and committees as one of themselves.I must apologize for presenting so many figures, but it was essential to a proper understanding of what is the burden of ill-health which it is the duty of our National Health Service to try to reduce.My main thesis is that it is only by a " teaming-up," as they say in America, of the curative and preventive sides that progress can be made.I wish to express my indebtedness to Mr. Benjamin and
EU-US investor dispute rules could prevent reversal of decision to outsource NHS services, critics warn
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Plans to give US companies the legal right to challenge public policy decisions that could affect their investments in Europe have been strongly criticised in a wide ranging consultation organised by the European Commission.

Health organisations in the United Kingdom in particular fear that the proposed “investor to state dispute settlement” (ISDS) system could be used by US corporations to contest any future UK government legislation to repeal the 2012 Health and Social Care Act or reverse the outsourcing of NHS resources to the private sector.

The consultation on the current Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) negotiations, held between 27 March …
Medical Support for American Troops in the Persian Gulf
Authors: Ronald R. Blanck, William H. Bell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Until last August, the military medical departments were busy providing peacetime health care, training personnel for wartime roles, and modernizing medical equipment for field use. This changed dramatically when the United States began to deploy a massive force to the Persian Gulf as part of a multina- tional effort called Operation Desert Shield. Air Force planes and Navy ships moved to the area, along with Marine Corps units that used equipment already in the area. The Army deployed its quick-reacting light divisions immediately, followed by the heavier forces necessary for armored combat. The time required for the bulk of the . . .
Deletion of Puma protects hematopoietic stem cells and confers long-term survival in response to high-dose γ-irradiation
Authors: Hui Yu, Hongmei Shen, Youzhong Yuan, Richard XuFeng, Xiaoxia Hu, Sean P. Garrison, Lin Zhang, Jian Yu, Gerard P. Zambetti, Tao Cheng
Journal: Blood (2010)
Training in Pediatric Dermatology
Authors: Harry J. Hurley, John S. Strauss
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Explain impact of climate change in simple terms, says UN official
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Scientists around the world need to better explain the human costs of climate change in simple terms to “people in the street,” a top UN official has said.

Christiana Figueres, who heads the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, said improving poor communication remained a major challenge for all those working to counter global warming.

“Scientists should be making a big effort to humanise it, to put a human face on climate change,” she said.

This meant describing clearly the impact on people, communities, and cities and avoiding the use of esoteric terms …
Clinical Value of Systematic Examination of Synovial Fluid.
Authors: Thomas J. Pekin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967Clinical Value of Systematic Examination of Synovial Fluid.Thomas J. Pekin Jr., M.D. (Associate), Theodore I. Malinin, M.D., Nathan J. Zvaifler, M.D., F.A.C.P.Thomas J. Pekin Jr., M.D. (Associate)Search for more papers by this author, Theodore I. Malinin, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Nathan J. Zvaifler, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1068_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSynovial fluid analysis is recognized as an important part of the diagnostic work-up of the patient with arthritis. For the past 3 years we have examined several hundred synovial fluids from a variety of clinically well-defined conditions affecting joints. Systematic examination of synovial fluid includes white blood cell (WBC) count, search for presence of crystalline material, test for rheumatoid factor (RF), measurement of hemolytic complement (C) activity, examination of Feulgen-stained preparations for the presence of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) particles and Giemsa-stained preparations for the presence of macrophages.The application of these methods to synovial fluid analysis resulted in the differentiation... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Washington, D. C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1068-1068KeywordsArthritisBlood countsDNASynovial fluidWhite blood cells Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Toxoplasmosis of the Central Nervous System in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: S B Porter, M A Sande
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Toxoplasmosis is the most common opportunistic infection of the central nervous system in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). To investigate its clinical course, we reviewed the records of 115 patients with AIDS and central nervous system toxoplasmosis treated at San Francisco General Hospital between 1981 and 1990.The most common presenting symptoms were headache (in 55 percent), confusion (52 percent), and fever (47 percent). Focal neurologic deficits were present in 79 patients (69 percent). The median CD4 cell count at presentation was 50 per cubic millimeter (50 x 10(6) per liter). Thirteen of 80 patients with clinical toxoplasmosis (16 percent) and 4 of 18 patients with pathologically proved disease (22 percent) had undetectable antitoxoplasma IgG antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Of 103 patients, 94 (91 percent) had enhancing lesions on CT. Single lesions were seen in 28 of 103 patients (27 percent) on CT, and such lesions were seen in 3 of 21 patients (14 percent) on magnetic resonance imaging. Over 90 percent of patients who eventually had clinical and radiographic improvement had evidence of improvement by day 14 of therapy. Adverse drug reactions occurred in 71 patients (62 percent) and led to a change in therapy in 50 patients (43 percent). Among the patients who survived a first episode of toxoplasmosis, the median survival was 265 days.Toxoplasmosis occurs in advanced stages of human immunodeficiency virus infection, and the absence of antitoxoplasma antibodies on immunofluorescence assay does not exclude the diagnosis. The clinical and radiographic response to therapy is usually rapid, but treatment is frequently limited by adverse drug effects.
Positive selection of CD8+ T cells induced by major histocompatibility complex binding peptides in fetal thymic organ culture.
Authors: K A Hogquist, M A Gavin, M J Bevan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

We have used an in vitro system to study the effects of major histocompatibility complex class I binding peptides on thymic development. Fetal thymus lobes from mice deficient in the class I light chain (beta 2 microglobulin or beta 2 M-/-) were cultured for 10 d in vitro, during which time T cell precursors develop into mature T cells. In these organ cultures, as in the adult or neonatal beta 2 M-/- thymus, CD8+ mature T cells did not develop, demonstrating that the mature T cells seen during early murine thymic development are the result of the positive selection process. To these cultures we added various class I binding peptides with or without a source of exogenous beta 2M. CD8+ T cells developed to various degrees only in the presence of beta 2M and peptides. Using peptide mixtures of differing complexity, we showed that the efficiency of this process is dependent more on peptide complexity than on peptide concentration. These data argue for a specific role for peptides in the process of positive selection. Furthermore, this culture system should be useful in identifying peptides that can promote positive selection of cells expressing a specific T cell receptor (TCR) in TCR transgenic mice.
Premenstrual Syndrome and Progesterone Suppositories-Reply
Authors: Ellen Freeman
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Mackenzie and Ms Holton, regrettably, have not provided placebo-controlled data to support their statements about progesterone dosage. Our progesterone dose was equal to or higher than that in other controlled studies. We found that symptoms decreased for both progesterone and placebo when the number of suppositories was increased. We therefore would predict that higher dosages may lead to more significant findings in favor of placebo, the opposite of Mackenzie and Holton's prediction. Higher progesterone doses do not seem to be warranted on the basis of our placebo-controlled studies of plasma progesterone levels. To determine whether progesterone was absorbed, we measured plasma progesterone levels before and after administration of 400-mg suppositories. Our published results<sup>1</sup>showed that the serum progesterone levels achieved were consistent with those described in other reports.<sup>2-4</sup>Furthermore, there was a highly significant negative correlation between the duration of treatment and the increase in