tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Morning Sympathetic Nerve Activity Is Not Increased in Humans
Authors: Holly R. Middlekauff, Eric M. Sontz
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background The sympathetic nervous system has been implicated in the circadian pattern of myocardial infarction and sudden death. It has been postulated that sympathetic nerve activity is higher in the morning than at other times of the day and that this increase reflects an endogenous circadian pattern or is triggered by changes in posture and the onset of morning activities. Methods and Results To test these two concepts, we made microneurographic recordings of muscle sympathetic nerve activity in the morning (6:30 to 8:30 am ) and afternoon (2:00 to 4:00 pm ) in eight healthy subjects (mean age, 42±4 years), and intraindividual comparisons (paired t tests) were made during (1) supine rest, (2) postural changes simulated by lower body negative pressure (LBNP), and (3) activity produced by sustained handgrip. Plasma cortisol, known to follow a circadian pattern, was measured to assess whether normal circadian patterns were present under experimental conditions. Plasma cortisol exhibited a robust circadian variability (plasma cortisol [mean±SEM], am versus pm : 17±1 versus 9±1 μg/dL, P =.008). In contrast, basal muscle sympathetic nerve activity was not higher in the morning compared with the afternoon (group mean sympathetic nerve activity, am versus pm : 38±6 versus 38±6 bursts per minute, P =NS). Similarly, plasma norepinephrine levels were not higher in the morning compared with the afternoon (plasma norepinephrine, am versus pm : 157±17 versus 173±14 pg/mL, P =NS). During postural stress simulated by LBNP, the magnitude of change in sympathetic nerve activity was not higher in the morning compared with the afternoon (LBNP −20 mm Hg, am versus pm : 103±34% versus 157±31%, P =NS). Finally, the magnitude of change in muscle sympathetic nerve activity during the first minute of handgrip exercise ( am versus pm : 11±17% versus 8±11%, P =NS) or the second minute of handgrip exercise ( am versus pm : 59±34% versus 60±15%, P =NS) was not higher in the morning compared with the afternoon. Conclusions These findings challenge the concept that sympathetic nerve activity is higher in the morning either during supine rest or during postural changes and activity. We speculate that if the sympathetic nervous system is involved in the circadian pattern of sudden death, this involvement must reflect exaggerated morning end-organ responsiveness to norepinephrine, not enhanced morning sympathetic outflow.
Treatment of tinnitus.
Authors: T K Daneshmend
Journal: BMJ (1979)

patients with severe depressions, and the expectation is that those patients with elevated 2-7 patterns will show more antidepressant responses to lithium than those with lower 2-7 patterns, our findings suggest that obsessional thinking might be as important as depression as a discriminator variable of antidepressant responses to lithium.For example, when scale 7 was used alone, our results approximated the 2-7 hit rate found by House and Martin (74",, v 8000 respectively) for the responders, suggesting that response to lithium is almost equally dependent on high scores on obsessional thinking almost as much as on depression.These suggestions from several studies seem worthy of further investigation, given the interest being taken in attempts to find patient subgroups and potential responders prior to the weeks of treatment usually required to evaluate response or non-response to psychoactive drugs.
Abstract 4826: International Lung Cancer Consortium: Pooled analysis of previous lung diseases and lung cancer risk
Authors: Darren R. Brenner, Paolo Boffetta, Eric J. Duell, Heike Bickeböller, Albert Rosenberger, Joshua E. Muscat, Ping Yang, Erich Wichmann, Ann G. Schwartz, Anne Tjønneland, Søren Friis, Loic LeMarchand, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Philip Lazarus, John K. Field, John R. McLaughlin, John Wiencke, Monica Neri, Qing Lan, Irene Orlow, Bernard J. Park, Rayjean J. Hung
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract To clarify the role of previous lung diseases (PLDs) (chronic bronchitis, emphysema, pneumonia, tuberculosis, asbestosis and silicosis) in the development of lung cancer we conducted a pooled analysis in the International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO). Data from 16 studies (9 population based case-control, 4 hospital based case-control, 2 mixed case-control and 1 cohort - 10 from North America, 5 from Europe and 1 from Asia) were pooled, including 24044 cases and 81256 controls. Study-specific effect estimates were derived using logistic regression models for case-control studies and Cox proportional hazards models for cohort studies adjusted for age, sex, education and pack-years of smoking. Effect estimates were then pooled using random effects models where summary effects for each of the PLDs were evaluated separately. Stratified analyses were conducted based on smoking status, histology and study design or control source. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the Cochrane Q statistic and Galbraith plots, and publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots as well as the Begg test. A previous history of emphysema conferred a relative risk (RR) of 2.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.67-2.82 (from 15 studies, p-het&amp;lt;.001). A previous history of chronic bronchitis conferred a RR of 1.49, 95% CI: 1.33-1.60 (from 12 studies, p-het.=0.434). Tuberculosis was associated with a RR of 1.54, 95% CI: 1.19-1.99 (from 15 studies, p-het.=0.001). Both asbestosis (RR 2.51, 95% CI: 1.53-4.12 (from 7 studies, p-het=0.379)) and silicosis (RR 1.70, 95% CI: 1.15-2.54, (from 3 studies, p-het. p=0.476)) were also associated with lung cancer risk. When the outlying studies were removed, effect estimates changed minimally and heterogeneity was reduced. Findings were consistent in subgroup analyses by smoking status and histology (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and small cell lung cancer). Effect estimates among never smokers were for emphysema a RR of 2.21, 95% CI: 0.99-4.90 (from 8 studies), for chronic bronchitis 1.12, 95% CI: 0.78-1.62 (from 9 studies), for pneumonia 1.37, 95% CI: 1.10-1.70 (from 10 studies) and for tuberculosis 1.54, 95% CI: 0.99-2.39 (from 9 studies). In this analysis of data from multiple continents, PLDs were associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. The evidence among never smokers supports a direct relationship between previous lung diseases and lung cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4826.
LUDWIG'S ANGINA: REPORT OF A CASE
Authors: H. T. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1918)

An examination of textbooks and a review of the recent literature on Ludwig's angina show that the disease is not a common one, and that it is still usually regarded as fatal. While there may be nothing unusual about this case otherwise, it is of decided interest that early recognition of the disease promptly followed by operation brought it to a safe issue. I should not have recognized the disease so quickly had I not had the privilege of seeing a case of Ludwig's angina while on duty at the base hospital at Camp Greene, N. C. In this particular case the disease had advanced to such a degree that death immediately followed the operation. A postmortem showed the tongue, pharynx, larynx and trachea edematous and greatly congested. In the present case the patient was seen on the fourth day of the disease. The tongue was quite swollen and pressed
Frequency of Myocardial Bridges and Dynamic Compression of Epicardial Coronary Arteries
Authors: Pyung Jin Kim, Gham Hur, Su Young Kim, June Namgung, Seong Wan Hong, Yong Hoon Kim, Won Ro Lee
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— The objective of the present study was to describe the relative frequency of myocardial bridging and dynamic compression of the coronary arteries as assessed by CT angiography and conventional angiography. Methods and Results— A total of 311 patients (208 men, 103 women; mean age 63 years) who received both 64-section CT angiography and conventional angiography were reviewed retrospectively for myocardial bridging of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Myocardial bridging was considered when the left anterior descending coronary artery was within the interventricular gorge and was classified as either myocardial bridging with partial encasement or myocardial bridging with full encasement, according to the extent of vessel encasement by the myocardium. The length, location, and depth of myocardial bridging were correlated with the presence, length, and degree of dynamic compression observed at conventional angiography. Among the 300 patients studied (11 were excluded), myocardial bridging was observed at CT angiography in 174 (58%) as partial encasement (n=57) or full encasement (n=117). Conventional angiography revealed dynamic compression in 40 patients (13.3%; partial encasement in 1 patient and full encasement in 39). The length of the dynamic compression was considerably longer than the respective tunneled segment in all patients. Total length correlated ( P =0.003) with the dynamic compression, but depth did not ( P =0.283). Conclusions— The frequency of myocardial bridging observed by CT angiography was 58%, and conventional angiography revealed dynamic compression in 13.3% of total patients. Dynamic compression occurred almost exclusively (97.5% of the time) in patients with full encasement of the left anterior descending coronary artery, regardless of the presence of overlying muscle.
Abstract 177: Disruption of the MDM2-p53 interaction strongly potentiates p53-dependent apoptosis in cisplatin resistant human testicular carcinoma cells via the Fas/FasL pathway
Authors: Steven de Jong, Roelof Koster, Hetty Timmer-Bosscha, Rainer Bischoff, Jourik Gietema
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract A major role for p53 in the response and execution of apoptosis after chemotherapy has been described for many cancers. Although testicular cancer (TC) often express high levels of p53 and almost no TP53 mutations are found, resistance to chemotherapy is still observed in a subgroup of TC patients. Therefore, the involvement of wild-type p53 in cisplatin sensitivity and resistance of human TC is not clear. In the present study, we demonstrate that in resistant human TC cells (Tera2-CP, Scha, 2102EP) p53 resides in a complex with murine double minute 2 (MDM2) even at higher cisplatin concentrations compared to cisplatin sensitive human TC cells (Tera2). Hyper-activation of the p53 pathway using the MDM2 antagonist Nutlin-3 in TC cells leads to nuclear localization of p53 and effective apoptosis induction as single agent. Targeting MDM2 with short interfering RNA extremely sensitizes TC cells in a similar way. The observed effects are dependent on the presence of wild-type p53, since mutant p53 expressing TC cells (NCCIT) or wild-type p53 suppressed TC cells are resistant to Nutlin-3. Specifically, we show that the Fas death receptor pathway, i.e. enhanced Fas expression (3-fold) and the induction of Fas/FasL interactions, plays an important role in MDM2 antagonist-induced apoptosis in TC cells as demonstrated by using FasL blocking antibodies and FasL small interfering RNA. Importantly, we have identified a similar mechanism in Hodgkin lymphoma cells (KM-H2 and L540) and acute myeloid leukaemia cells (MOLM-13), suggesting a common profile for Nutlin-3-induced apoptosis, which involves the Fas death receptor pathway. Finally, we combined nutlin-3 with cisplatin, which strongly sensitized TC cells, including cisplatin-resistant TC cells, to apoptosis via Fas pathway activation and reduced cell survival more than 8-fold. These results indicate that targeting the p53/MDM2 axis, in combination with standard treatment, appears to be a powerful strategy to pursue in cisplatin-resistant or -refractory testicular cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 177. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-177
Abstract 1514: The Warburg effect in stromal cells drives breast cancer cell plasticity via interleukin 6
Authors: Pasquale Sansone, Claudio Ceccarelli, Gianluca Storci, Marjan Berishaj, Monica Cricca, Qing Chang, Donatella Santini, Massimiliano Bonafe, Jacqueline Bromberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Intra-tumoral heterogeneity is an emerging concept in breast cancer biology. This concept entails the notion that sub-populations within the tumor possess different biologic features and hence vary in sensitivity to therapies. The inhibition of estrogen receptor alpha (ER), a hormone based therapy (HT), is a successful therapy for luminal A breast cancer patients. However, HT resistance, due to a variety of factors such as the tumor microenvironment, plays a crucial role in breast cancer progression. Genetic alterations in the stromal fibroblasts, such as deficiency for the tumor-suppressors (TP53 and pRB) within the tumor microenvironment, are associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Hypothesis: We propose that stromal cells promote the intra-tumoral heterogeneity in luminal A breast cancer. We developed an in vivo model to study the crosstalk between bone marrow stromal cells (HS27) immortalized with human papilloma virus (HPV) E6 onco-protein and a luminal A breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. Results: Here we report that HS27 cells secrete high amounts of IL-6, which operates in an autocrine and paracrine fashion. Paracrine IL-6 from HS27 cells contributes to MCF-7 cancer cell dissemination and metastasis. Autocrine IL-6 drives anaerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect) and produces high levels of lactate and H+ from HS27 cells. High levels of IL-6 and lactate from the conditioned media of HS27 cells promote the expansion of a MCF-7 cells sub-population expressing high levels of lactate shuttle MCT-1 and low levels of ER. This cancer cell population exhibits invasive and metastatic potential. Finally, we show that HPV DNA positive breast cancer lesions are more biologically aggressive, and express higher levels of IL-6, than negative ones. Conclusion: This study highlights that tumor microenvironment stressors (viral infections and oncogenes) promote a complex metabolic crosstalk (anaerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation) between stroma and cancer cells, ultimately sustaining cancer progression. Grant support: DOD W81XWH-10-1-1033 to PS, NIH R01 CA87637 to JB, PRIN KTRN38 2008 to MB Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1514. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1514
THE USE OF INSULIN IN A CASE OF ACIDOSIS FOLLOWING TRAUMA
Authors: George Ginsberg
Journal: JAMA (1924)

T. M., a schoolboy, aged 11, with negative family and past history, admitted to the surgical service of Dr. Joseph Londrigan at St. Mary's Hospital, Hoboken, N. J., Nov. 7, 1923, at 7 p. m., had been struck by a truck, and had a fracture of the left tibia and fibula in the lower third, and contusions of the chest and abdomen. The boy was well nourished, and weighed about 70 pounds (32 kg.); the skin was pale and the mouth dry; he had a very anxious expression, and was breathing rapidly. The temperature was 99 F.; the pulse, 120; the respiration, 32. Excepting for evidence of fracture of the left leg, the examination was negative On the morning of the next day the patient vomited frequently. He was very restless, tossing about the bed and moaning. He also complained of pains in the chest and difficulty in breathing. The
MODELS FOR TEACHING THE ANATOMY AND OPERATIVE TREATMENT OF INGUINAL HERNIA.
Authors: DANIEL N. EISENDRATH
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Every teacher of surgical anatomy and operative surgery will no doubt agree with me when I say that it is exceedingly difficult for students and even for practitioners to comprehend the subject of inguinal hernia. With a view of simplifying this subject, I have devised a model which is so constructed that it may be readily taken apart and transported. For some years, Dr. E. Wyllys Andrews has employed a pillow covered with several layers of cloth of different colors to demonstrate his modification of the Bassini operation. The desirability of presenting the subject of hernia in a plain and easily comprehensible manner caused me to devise a frame on which the various layers of the abdominal wall would be represented by different colors of sweater cloth and muslin. The advantages of my model are that it can be utilized to show all the constituents of the abdominal wall, both from the anterior and posterior aspects. It permits the teacher to give the student a conception of the anatomy
Asymmetric Dimethylarginine, L-Arginine, and Endothelial Dysfunction in Essential Hypertension
Authors: Francesco Perticone, Angela Sciacqua, Raffaele Maio, Maria Perticone, Renke Maas, Rainer H. Boger, Giuseppe Tripepi, Giorgio Sesti, Carmine Zoccali
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Increased Resting Metabolic Rate in Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Jagmeet Singh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 May 1995Increased Resting Metabolic Rate in Congestive Heart FailureJagmeet Singh and Piotr MusialekJagmeet SinghSearch for more papers by this author and Piotr MusialekSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-10-199505150-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Poehlman and colleagues' paper [1] about increased resting metabolic rate in patients with congestive heart failure addresses a common practical problem. The authors found that the resting metabolic rate was at least 18% higher in the patients than in the controls. This resting hypermetabolism occurs in response to increases in respiration and cardiac muscle work, which are a consequence of a reduced cardiac output. Thus, the metabolic rate is likely to vary among patients with congestive heart failure depending on the level of cardiac decompensation (that is, between patients with class II and those with class IV ...References1. Poehlman ET, Scheffers J, Gottlieb SS, Fisher ML, Vaitekevicius P. Increased resting metabolic rate in patients with congestive heart failure. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:860-2. Google Scholar2. Pittman JG, Cohen P. The pathogenesis of cardiac cachexia. N Engl J Med. 1964; 271:403-9. Google Scholar3. Heymsfield SB, Smith J, Redds, Whitworth HB Jr. Nutritional support in cardiac failure. Surg Clin North Am. 1981; 61:635-52. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByResting Metabolic Rate in Old-Old Women with and without Frailty: Variability and Estimation of Energy RequirementsCorrection of anemia in patients with congestive heart failure increases resting energy expenditureEnergy expenditure and symptom severity in men with heart failure 15 May 1995Volume 122, Issue 10Page: 800KeywordsCardiac outputElderlyHeart diseasesHeart failureHeart rateHypermetabolismMetabolic disordersNutrientsNutritionRespiration Issue Published: 15 May 1995 CopyrightCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Unsustained Ventricular Tachycardia — To Treat or Not to Treat
Authors: Peter L. Friedman, William G. Stevenson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Physicians have long struggled with the vexing problem of how best to treat patients with myocardial infarction, reduced left ventricular function, and asymptomatic unsustained ventricular tachycardia who may be at risk for sudden death due to ventricular fibrillation. The Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial (MADIT) was a randomized clinical trial that addressed whether such patients might benefit from an implantable cardioverter–defibrillator. In this trial patients with asymptomatic unsustained ventricular tachycardia who had inducible sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation that remained inducible after the intravenous administration of procainamide were randomly assigned to receive implantable cardioverter–defibrillators or antiarrhythmic-drug therapy. The results . . .
Association of Managed Care Market Share and Health Expenditures for Fee-for-Service Medicare Patients
Authors: Laurence C. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ContextManaged care has the potential to transform fundamentally the structure and functioning of the entire health care system, including the care provided to patients who are not enrolled in managed care plans.ObjectiveTo determine whether increasing health maintenance organization (HMO) market share is associated with decreased expenditures for the care of patients covered by Medicare's traditional fee-for-service plan, a group cared for well outside the boundaries of managed care.Design and SettingData from the Health Care Financing Administration were used to compare expenditures for the care of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries for 802 market areas, representing the entire United States, for 1990 to 1994. These data were matched with data on system-wide (Medicare and non-Medicare) HMO market share in these areas.PatientsAll fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries (1990-1994) except for those with end-stage renal disease.Main Outcome MeasureAverage fee-for-service expenditure per fee-for-service Medicare beneficiary by market area.ResultsIn a regression model, increases in system-wide HMO market share were associated with declines in both Part A and Part B fee-for-service expenditures per Medicare beneficiary (P<.001). Increases from 10% market share to 20% market share were associated with 2.0% decreases in Part A fee-for-service expenditures and 1.5% decreases in Part B fee-for-service expenditures.ConclusionsManaged care can have widespread effects on the health care system. Health care for individuals who are not covered by managed care organizations can be influenced by the presence of managed care. Lower expenditures in areas with high HMO market shares may indicate that traditional Medicare beneficiaries in areas with high market shares received fewer or less intensive services than traditional Medicare beneficiaries in other areas.
Diabetes Mellitus and Its Degenerative Complications: A Prospective Study of 4,400 Patients Observed Between 1947 and 1973
Authors: Jean Pirart
Journal: Diabetes Care (1978)

This article was originally published in French in Diabete et Metabolisme (vol. 3: 97–107, 173–182, 245–256; 1977). The Editors of DIABETES CARE thank the author, and the editors and publisher of Diabete et Metabolisme for granting permission for us to print this English translation. The paper was translated by Marjorie Levin of Miami, Florida. Part 2 of this translation will appear in the July–August issue of DIABETES CARE.
NORMAL DEVIATIONS FROM REALITY
Authors: CLAUDE C. BOWMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1957)

The foregoing discussion is concerned with normal deviations from reality in contemporary social life and the useful purposes which these serve. The author is not in agreement with those who believe that good mental health must be based upon realistic conceptions of environment and self. It is the present theory that individuals and groups normally develop biases consistent with their standards and purposes. This tendency involves elements of unreality but it favors mental health and high morale in society.