tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reviews and Notes: Sports Medicine: Women and Exercise: Physiology and Sports Medicine
Authors: Michele T. Glasgow
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Literature of Medicine15 January 1995Reviews and Notes: Sports Medicine: Women and Exercise: Physiology and Sports MedicineMichele T. Glasgow, MDMichele T. Glasgow, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-2-199501150-00035 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Women and Exercise: Physiology and Sports MedicineSecond edition. Mona Shangold and Gabe Mirkin; eds. 330 pages. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis; 1994. $48.00.The physiology of women and their response to exercise is an underemphasized area of study. Our knowledge of this subject has largely been extrapolated from work done on men, but as women form a greater proportion of the athletic population, it is essential that we address their unique needs. Title IX legislation, marking the advent of equality of collegiate athletics for both men and women, has encouraged women to compete at higher levels on the nation's athletic ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 January 1995Volume 122, Issue 2Page: 160KeywordsAdolescentsEating disordersExerciseForecastingLegislationMenopauseNutritionOrthopedicsSportsSports and exercise medicine Issue Published: 15 January 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Metabolism and mutagenicity of isoprene.
Authors: P G Gervasi, V Longo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Liver microsomes of various rodents (mouse, rat, rabbit, and hamster) metabolize isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) to the corresponding monoepoxides 3,4-epoxy-3-methyl-1-butene and 3,4-epoxy-2-methyl-1-butene. 3,4-Epoxy-3-methyl-1-butene (half-life 85 min) was found to be the main metabolite, although the stable 3,4-epoxy-2-methyl-1-butene was also formed (about 14-25% with respect to the main epoxide). The kinetic constants (Km and Vmax) for the formation of the major epoxide metabolite of isoprene were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. The minor epoxide was further epoxidized to the isoprene dioxide by the microsomes of all rodents studied. The Km and Vmax were determined and phenobarbital was found to be a good inducer for this epoxidation in all species. The mutagenic activity, using Salmonella typhimurium, and the chemical reactivity (alkylating power and half-life) of the epoxide metabolites of isoprene were investigated and compared to those of other structurally related epoxides. Isoprene and the monoepoxide intermediates of the isoprene biotransformation were not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium. However, the isoprene dioxide (2-methyl-1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane) was found to be mutagenic and have alkylating power towards nicotinamide, similar to the structurally corresponding 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane. In conclusion, the metabolism of isoprene does not lead to the formation of mutagenic monoepoxide (in contrast to butadiene) but the formation of mutagenic and presumably carcinogenic isoprene diepoxide is possible, thereby a genotoxic effect of isoprene in rodents or other species cannot be ruled out.
A microtiter method for long‐term in vitro maintenance of human monocyte
Authors: Mikio Kataoka, Mehdi Tavassoli
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract A microtiter method is described for long‐term maintenance of human monocytes in culture with intact functional and morphological characteristics. This micromethod is the adaptation of our previously reported method which required large volume of blood. The micromethod relies on the use of microexudate plate (pregrown with BKH cells) and the two phases of adherence and maintenance culture. The purity of cultured cells approaches 100% and the yield is 50–70%. As many as 24 experiments and controls can be done on 20 ml of blood drawn.
Flow cytometric analysis of lung lymphocytes in lung transplant recipients.
Authors: C Crim, C A Keller, C H Dunphy, H M Maluf, J A Ohar
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Lung transplantation is an accepted therapeutic modality in end-stage lung disease. Presently, histologic examination of tissue by transbronchial biopsy remains as the definitive diagnostic procedure for determining rejection. To begin addressing the usefulness of flow cytometric analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in acute lung rejection, we prospectively studied the expression of markers on lymphocytes from BALF samples removed from 10 lung and heart-lung transplant recipients and compared their pattern with that of BALF lymphs obtained from normal volunteers (Norm) and nonrejecting heart transplant recipients (HT) who were receiving similar immunosuppressive regimens. Compared with both Norm and HT subjects, CD4+ lymphocytes in the BALF of lung transplant recipients was significantly reduced. A greater percentage of the CD4+ lymphocytes in nonrejecting lung transplant subjects also expressed the interleukin-2 receptor, but only during the early post-transplant period, suggesting possible reactivity to persistent donor cells. However, the CD8+ lymphocytes were increased only in lung transplant recipients undergoing acute lung rejection. We conclude that the immunologic milieu is indeed altered in the transplanted lung. Further studies in lung transplant recipients are required to evaluate the role of flow cytometry in the early detection of acute lung rejection.
FURTHER STUDIES ON HE EFFECT OF ORAL DOXANTRAZOLE ON ALLERGEN‐INDUCED BRONCHOSPASM
Authors: R. PAUWELS, H. LAMONT, M. VAN DER STRAETEN
Journal: Allergy (1976)

The protective effect of oral doxantrazole on allergen-induced bronchoconstriction in man has been tested in two different treatment schedules. A single administration of 200 mg or 400 mg doxantrazole did not result in significant protection for a group of 10 patients. Only two patients after 200 mg, and three patients after 400 mg received meaningful protection. A 14-day period of treatment with three times 400 mg doxantrazole per day had no significant different effect compared with placebo treatment on allergen-induced broncho-constriction.
Measuring blood sugar.
Authors: B. M. Hooper
Journal: BMJ (1968)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <i>Francisella tularensis</i>, the bacterium that causes the zoonosis tularemia, and its genetic near neighbor species, can be difficult or impossible to cultivate from complex samples. Thus, there is a lack of genomic information for these species that has, among other things, limited the development of robust detection assays for <i>F. tularensis</i> that are both specific and sensitive. The objective of this study was to develop and validate approaches to capture, enrich, sequence, and analyze <i>Francisella</i> DNA present in DNA extracts generated from complex samples. RNA capture probes were designed based upon the known pan genome of <i>F. tularensis</i> and other diverse species in the family <i>Francisellaceae</i>. Probes that targeted genomic regions also present in non-<i>Francisellaceae</i> species were excluded, and probes specific to particular <i>Francisella</i> species or phylogenetic clades were identified. The capture-enrichment system was then applied to diverse, complex DNA extracts containing low-level <i>Francisella</i> DNA, including human clinical tularemia samples, environmental samples (<i>i.e.</i>, animal tissue and air filters), and whole ticks/tick cell lines, which was followed by sequencing of the enriched samples. Analysis of the resulting data facilitated rigorous and unambiguous confirmation of the detection of <i>F. tularensis</i> or other <i>Francisella</i> species in complex samples, identification of mixtures of different <i>Francisella</i> species in the same sample, analysis of gene content (<i>e.g.</i>, known virulence and antimicrobial resistance loci), and high-resolution whole genome-based genotyping. The benefits of this capture-enrichment system include: even very low target DNA can be amplified; it is culture-independent, reducing exposure for research and/or clinical personnel and allowing genomic information to be obtained from samples that do not yield isolates; and the resulting comprehensive data not only provide robust means to confirm the presence of a target species in a sample, but also can provide data useful for source attribution, which is important from a genomic epidemiology perspective.
Iron Deficiency in Healthy Young College Women
Authors: Daniel E. Scott
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The iron stores of 114 white college women who had never experienced abnormal bleeding nor been pregnant were evaluated using marrow stainable iron and in some instances quantitative phlebotomy. Even though the subjects were somewhat privileged socioeconomically, iron stores were scant to absent in two thirds of them. After being made anemic by repeated phlebotomy, the anemia was corrected at a very slow rate by iron absorbed from their diet. Consequently iron in an effective dose and form should be administered to women who have anemia and iron deficiency or who are hemorrhaging.
Joslin's Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Henry T. Ricketts
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The first edition of Joslin's book was his own<i>Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: With Observations Upon the Disease Based Upon 1,000 Cases</i>, published in 1916 (the cases now number more than 80,000). The penultimate version came out in 1959. The mass of new information that has emerged during the intervening 12 years has dictated that the present volume be substantially enlarged. Its title is appropriate, for it recognizes that much of the content is Joslin-inspired and reflects the principles and methods of that great physician and teacher. The four editors have been his intimates and pupils and most of the 26 contributors are or have been associated with the Joslin Clinic. Their ever-enthusiastic mentor would have been ecstatic about the timely appearance of the 11th edition during the 15th anniversary of the discovery of insulin. This is an exhaustive treatise. A number of chapters are monographs in themselves, as witness
Biliary Sepsis as a Cause of Appearance of Endoluminal Tc-99m HMPAO-Labeled Leukocytes
Authors: PETER D. ROBINS, MARTIN P. BLAKE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

A case is presented that shows the abnormal early appearance of Tc-99m HMPAO-labeled leukocytes within the small bowel lumen as a result of septic cholangitis. It is essential to perform early images with Tc-99m HMPAO-labeled leukocytes to differentiate between the appearance of abnormal uptake in the bowel and normal physiologic excretion, which occurs later in the renal and biliary tracts. Endoluminal radiolabeled leukocytes have been described in several clinical settings unrelated to bowel disease, such as swallowed activity from sinus or pulmonary infection, and it is important to differentiate this from primary gastrointestinal disease. To our knowledge, acute pyogenic cholangitis has not been shown previously as a cause of these appearances and should be included in the differential diagnosis for the early appearance of mobile radiolabeled leukocytes in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract.
MOVABLE KIDNEY, FROM THE STANDPOINT OF THE GENERAL PRACTITIONER.
Authors: ALEX. MARCY
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Movable kidney was first described by Rayer, in 1836, and since then various authors and writers have called attention time and again to the importance of this abnormal condition, among whom I might mention Hare, Keppler, Sulzer, Hahn, Edebohls, Ewald, Einhorn, Israel, Lewis, Noble, Senn, Keen, Reed, and others. The earlier writers treated it almost entirely from a medical standpoint and the later ones as entirely from the surgical. My object is primarily to endeavor to interest the general practitioner in the subject, in order that he may be able to diagnose the condition, and to determine which cases should be treated medically and which surgically. I would also like to impress him with the fact that in many cases this condition is a most serious one, and unless it is recognized, and promptly and intelligently dealt with, very grave consequences may result. The normal location of the kidneys, as
614 Association of genetic variants of the interferon alpha receptor-2 gene with outcome of treatment of persistant HCV infection
Authors: S HELLIER, A FRODSHAM, B HENNIG, S KNAPP, M WRIGHT, L ZHANG, H THOMAS, M THURSZ, A HILL
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

We studied the baseline expression level of 25 interferon-regulated genes (MxA, GPR3, IL17RC, ISG15, TRAIL, OASL, IFIT1, IFIT2, RSAD2, OAS3, IFI44L, TRIM22, IL10, CXCL10, STAT1, OAS1, OAS2, IFNAR1, IFNAR2, IFNβ, ISG20, IFI6, PKR, IRF7, USP18), recurrently proposed in the literature as predictive biomarkers of interferon-beta treatment response, in whole blood of 10 “responders” and 10 “non-responders” multiple sclerosis relapsing–remitting patients, retrospectively selected on the basis of stringent clinical criteria after a five years follow-up. However, we cannot confirm the predictive value of these candidate biomarkers.
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF DOBUTAMINE STRESS MYOCARDIAL CONTRAST PERFUSION ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Runqing Huang, Sahar S. Abdelmoneim, Lara F. Nhola, Amy L. Dichak, Susan J. Eifert Rain, Sharon L. Mulvagh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Overweight Latino Children and Adolescents Have Marked Endothelial Dysfunction and Subclinical Vascular Inflammation in Association With Excess Body Fat and Insulin Resistance
Authors: A. Enrique Caballero, Kelb Bousquet-Santos, Ludivina Robles-Osorio, Valeria Montagnani, Geetha Soodini, Sriurai Porramatikul, Osama Hamdy, Antonio C.L. Nobrega, Edward S. Horton
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

OBJECTIVE—We measured plasma markers of endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and pro-coagulation in obese Hispanic/Latino children and adolescents with normal glucose tolerance and determined their relationship to body composition and indexes of glucose and lipid metabolism. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 38 lean or obese Hispanic children and adolescents (10–18 years of age) were selected. The overweight group (n = 21) had a BMI &amp;gt;85th percentile for their age and sex, and the lean group (n = 17) had a BMI between the 25th and 50th percentiles. Studies included an oral glucose tolerance test, measurements of plasma glucose and lipids, several markers of endothelial function and inflammation, and determination of body composition by dual X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS—The obese group had higher systolic blood pressure and plasma triglycerides and was more insulin resistant than the lean group. The obese group also had higher plasma soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (259.5 ± 60.0 vs. 223.2 ± 47.5 ng/ml, P = 0.047), tumor necrosis factor-α (2.57 ± 1.1 vs. 1.74 ± 0.6 pg/ml, P = 0.008), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (2.0 vs. 0.13 mg/l, P &amp;lt; 0.0001), plasminogen-activated inhibitor-1 (47.0 ± 35.7 vs. 12.0 ± 5.2 ng/ml, P &amp;lt; 0.0001), tissue plasminogen activator (6.1 ± 1.9 vs. 4.1 ± 0.8 ng/ml, P = 0.001), and white blood cell count (6.9 vs. 5.3 × 103, P = 0.031) and lower levels of adiponectin (8.7 ± 3.3 vs. 12.6 ± 5.2 μg/ml, P = 0.022). No significant differences were observed for soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule or interleukin-6. CONCLUSIONS—Overweight Hispanic children and adolescents with normal glucose tolerance exhibit increased plasma markers of endothelial dysfunction and subclinical inflammation in association with obesity and insulin resistance. These abnormalities may predispose them to the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
α-thalassemia carrier identification by DNA analysis in the screening for thalassemia
Authors: Renzo Galanello, Carla Sollaino, Elisabetta Paglietti, Susanna Barella, Chiara Perra, Ilaria Doneddu, Maria G. Pirroni, Liliana Maccioni, Antonio Cao
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Differentiation between heterozygous α-thalassemia and several phenotypically resembling alleles at the β-globin gene cluster such as coinherited δ- and β-thalassemia or γδβ-thalassemia is a critical step in genetic counseling. In this paper we report our experience in the identification of the α-thalassemia carrier state using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods, and the feasibility and simplification of screening for thalassemia using this approach. α-Globin genotype was determined by PCR-based method in 526 adult subjects with reduced mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), normal hemoglobin A2 and F, and normal serum iron. To verify the reliability of the protocol used, in 68 of these subjects we performed globin chain synthesis analysis and in 101 we determined α-globin genotype by Southern blot analysis. Five hundred twenty-one (99%) of 526 subjects examined were identified as carriers of one or two α-thalassemia alleles. The identification of the α-thalassemia carrier state may be fast and accurate by PCR-based method, avoiding other cumbersome and expensive methods such as globin chain synthesis and Southern blot analysis. Am. J. Hematol. 59:273–278, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Echocardiographic assessment of right bundle branch injury after repair of tetralogy of Fallot.
Authors: A S Pickoff, A V Mehta, A Casta, P L Ferrer, G S Wolff, D F Tamer, O L Garcia, H Gelband
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Nineteen patients, ages 3 1/2-18 years, with electrocardiographic evidence of right bundle branch injury after intracardiac repair of tetralogy of Fallot, underwent invasive intracardiac electrophysiologic evaluation 1-13 years (mean 4.4 years) postoperatively. Categorization of the site of right bundle branch injury as proximal or distal was made by determining the V-RVA interval. In 11 of the patients, the V RVA interval was prolonged (> 35 msec), indicating proximal right bundle branch injury and in the other eight it was normal (< 35 msec), indicating distal bundle branch injury. Within 24 hours of the study, all patients were studied by M-mode echocardiography. Measurements were made of the tricuspid valve closure, mitral valve closure and the difference between the two, or the delta value. All but one patient with distal bundle branch injury had delta values of less than 40 msec (range 8-38 msec), while 10 or 11 patients with proximal bundle branch injury had delta values greater than 40 msec (range 41-116 msec). there was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.74, p < 0.001) between V-RVA and the delta value. We conclude that the delta value is an indicator of relative activation delay of the right ventricle, and therefore, in most cases, proximal vs distal bundle branch injury can be diagnosed noninvasively.
Myocardial Perfusion Imaging of Subacute Stent Thrombosis After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Ya-Chin Tsai, Ruoh-Fang Yen, Yu-Chien Shiau, Pen-Chin Liao
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent implantation is known to be effective in treating patients with coronary artery disease. Although subacute stent thrombosis (SAT) is not common, it is a life-threatening complication after PCI. We report on a 62-year-old female patient who developed SAT 3 days after drug-eluting stent implantation in the left anterior descending artery. Dipyridamole stress thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) performed 3 days after PCI revealed much greater ischemic change than the pre-PCI MPI did. SAT was then confirmed subsequently by another cardiac catheterization. This suggests that MPI may be useful in diagnosing SAT.
Neutrophil-independent mechanisms of caspase-1– and IL-18–mediated ischemic acute tubular necrosis in mice
Authors: Vyacheslav Y. Melnikov, Sarah Faubel, Britta Siegmund, M. Scott Lucia, Danica Ljubanovic, Charles L. Edelstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Having recently described the injurious role of caspase-1–mediated production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-18 in ischemic acute renal failure (ARF), we report here on the effect of the newly developed caspase inhibitor Quinoline-Val-Asp(Ome)-CH2-OPH (OPH-001) on caspase-1, IL-18, neutrophil infiltration, and renal function in ischemic ARF. C57BL/6 mice with ischemic ARF treated with OPH-001 had a marked (100%) reduction in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine and a highly significant reduction in morphological acute tubular necrosis (ATN) score compared with vehicle-treated mice. OPH-001 significantly reduced the increase in caspase-1 activity and IL-18 and prevented neutrophil infiltration in the kidney during ischemic ARF. To evaluate whether this lack of neutrophil infiltration was contributing to the protection against ischemic ARF, a model of neutrophil depletion was developed. Neutrophil-depleted mice had a small (18%) reduction in serum creatinine during ischemic ARF but no reduction in ATN score despite a lack of neutrophil infiltration in the kidney. Remarkably, caspase-1 activity and IL-18 were significantly increased in the kidney in neutrophil-depleted mice with ARF. In addition, IL-18 antiserum–treated neutrophil-depleted mice with ischemic ARF had a significant (75%) reduction in serum creatinine and a significant reduction in ATN score compared with vehicle-treated neutrophil-depleted mice. These results suggest a novel neutrophil-independent mechanism of IL-18–mediated ischemic ARF.
GENERAL ANESTHESIA REDUCES THE PREVALENCE OF PULMONARY VEIN RECONNECTION DURING REPEAT ABLATION WHEN COMPARED TO CONSCIOUS SEDATION: RESULTS FROM A RANDOMIZED STUDY
Authors: Luigi Di Biase, J. David Burkhardt, Prasant Mohanty, Javier Sanchez, Rodney Horton, Shane Bailey, Pasquale Santangeli, Vladimir Astudillo, Claude S. Elayi, Conor Barrett, Karla Wolker, Jacquie Kim, Kai Zedlitz, Dimpi Patel, Mitra Mohanty, Steven Hao, Richard Hongo, Salwa Beheiry, Andrea Natale
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Industrial health of youth.
Authors: R. C. Browne
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Poisoning by Medicaments-Matthew Now that potent remedies are available and it is no longer necessary to practise mystic, the marking of a prescription " N.P." should be the rule rather than the exception.While accepting that patients may sometimes change their tablets from one container to another, knowledge of the identity of the contents on occasion saves valuable time and may be very helpful in the treatment of overdosage.
Plasmid-mediated resistance to antibiotic synergism in enterococci.
Authors: D J Krogstad, T R Korfhagen, R C Moellering, C Wennersten, M N Swartz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Mating experiments have shown that high-level resistance (minimal inhibitory concentration greater than 2,000 microgram/ml) to streptomycin and kanamycin, and resistance to penicillin-streptomycin and penicillin-kanamycin synergism are transferable by conjugation from resistant clinical isolates of enterococci to a sensitive recipient strain. Cesium chloride-ethidium bromide ultracentrifugation revealed a satellite (plasmid) band in resistant clinical isolates and the transconjugant strains but not in the sensitive recipient. Examination of these satellite bands by agarose gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy demonstrated a common plasmid with a weight of 45 megadaltons. Novobiocin treatment of a resistant clinical isolate produced simultaneous loss of high-level resistance to streptomycin and kanamycin, and of resistance to penicillin-aminoglycoside synergism. These results suggest that (a) high-level resistance to streptomycin and kanamycin among some clinical isolates of enterococci is associated with a 45 megadalton plasmid, and (b) the same plasmid is also responsible for the resistance to penicillin-aminoglycoside synergism observed in these strains.