tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Global Surveillance of Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Thomas F. O'Brien
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

THE group A β-hemolytic streptococci, of the species Streptococcus pyogenes, can sicken or kill us in many ways. They commonly cause acute pharyngitis. They may initiate rheumatic fever or glomerulonephritis. They also cause scarlet fever, impetigo, erysipelas, pyoderma, puerperal sepsis, wound infection, and a rapidly spreading cellulitis. They can produce a fulminant and fatal septicemia, as was called to public attention recently by the death of Muppets creator Jim Henson. Recent reports, moreover, suggest a resurgence of strains that cause rheumatic fever or fulminant septicemia.1 A cure for group A streptococcal infection was one of the truly extraordinary benefits . . .
EU tightens rules on blood safety
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The European Union has adopted new rules on the quality and safety of blood and blood derivatives, such as plasma, used in medical treatment. The rules will apply from the beginning of September next year and will make more comprehensive the EU-wide requirements and standards introduced by the original legislation two years ago.

Traceability rules cover identification, recording, and labelling requirements. They establish a verification procedure for issuing blood and blood components, introduce the concept of annual reporting, and set out measures …
Inheritance in Human Dizygotic Twinning
Authors: Colin White, Grace Wyshak
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THIS paper is concerned with the question of whether the father plays any part in the occurrence of twins among his children. Stern1 has pointed out that "the genetic interpretation of typical dizygotic twinning is complicated by the astonishing results of several studies which indicate that the disposition towards dizygotic twinning is also found in males." In one of these studies2 the rate of twinning was so high that one may conclude that many singleton births were not counted; and the apparent effect of the father on twinning can therefore be regarded as due to a bias that resulted in . . .
Osier and Humanism
Authors: Eugene Guazzo
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Concerning the "William Osler Lecture Series: Continuing Medical Education in Letters and Science" discussed inThe Journal(1982;247:1983)—what a nice thing! The Madison (Wis) General Hospital is to be commended, and I share with the authors the hope that it will be a good example for other continuing medical educational programs. May I suggest, however, that dedicating the series in Madison to the "humanistic philosophy of Sir William Osier" probably does not describe Dr Osier or his philosophy. We have to remember that Osler was the son of a missionary and that his education in the humanities began long before his college years. His initial college education was at Trinity College, Toronto, and his intention was to be a clergyman before medicine caught his imagination. Many of his written works show the influence of the<i>Bible and of the Anglican Book of Common Prayer</i>.<sup>1</sup> And who
Eponyms and the Diagnosis of Aortic Regurgitation
Authors: George Dermksian
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Letters6 April 2004Eponyms and the Diagnosis of Aortic RegurgitationGeorge Dermksian, MDGeorge Dermksian, MDFrom New York, NY 10128-0100.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-7-200404060-00032 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:As a “bedside” educator and clinician who frequently refers to eponyms, especially those associated with aortic regurgitation, I very much appreciated the review article by Babu and colleagues (1) on aortic regurgitation and the discrepancy between textbooks and the literature. It has caused me to reassess the value of eponyms on teaching rounds. I would, however, note an error with regard to pulse pressure in Babu and colleagues' summary statement on the pathophysiologic characteristics of the Corrigan pulse, which was attributed to their reference 35 (2). Their statement read, “A recent investigation found that patients with aortic ...References1. Babu AN, Kymes SM, Carpenter Fryer SM. Eponyms and the diagnosis of aortic regurgitation: what says the evidence? Ann Intern Med. 2003;138:736-42. [PMID: 12729428] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Warnes CA, Harris PC, Fritts HW. Effect of elevating the wrist on the radial pulse in aortic regurgitation: Corrigan revisited. Am J Cardiol. 1983;51:1551-3. [PMID: 6846191] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: George Dermksian, MDAffiliations: From New York, NY 10128-0100. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoEponyms and the Diagnosis of Aortic Regurgitation: What Says the Evidence? Ajit N. Babu , Steven M. Kymes , and Sharon M. Carpenter Fryer Eponyms and the Diagnosis of Aortic Regurgitation Lakshmi V. Atkuri and Abu R. Vasudevan Eponyms and the Diagnosis of Aortic Regurgitation Ajit N. Babu , Sharon M. Carpenter Fryer , and Steven M. Kymes Metrics 6 April 2004Volume 140, Issue 7Page: 583KeywordsBlood pressureHeart rateMean arterial pressureSystolic pressure ePublished: 6 April 2004 Issue Published: 6 April 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Optimism in the Control of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Theodore H. Spaet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

IF one were to characterize the prevailing view of atherosclerosis, its inevitability would generally be in the Death and Taxes category. Yet, over 120 years ago, Rokitansky1 proposed that this disorder resulted from the formation of an intimal, fibrinous membrane derived mainly from the blood. In the light of advances in the understanding of hemostasis, Duguid,2 nearly a century later, paraphrased Rokitansky with the hypothesis that these arterial lesions were the consequence of thrombotic deposits that provoked a vascular healing response. The thrombogenic concept of atherosclerosis is essentially optimistic in nature, particularly in the present period of rapid progress in . . .
Abstract 350: Virtualization of drug testing by predictive systems biology modeling for optimal drug treatment of cancer cells and drug repositioning
Authors: Alexander Kuehn, Felix Dreher, Svetlana Peycheva, Reha Yildiriman, Verena Lehmann, Thomas Kessler, Christoph Wierling, Hans Lehrach, Bodo M. Lange
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Traditionally, tumors have been classified based on their tissue of origin and their histopathological characteristics and consequently patients are divided into groups where they are treated identically despite substantial differences in genetic profiles. Identification of genes causally implicated in cancer development has led to the development of ‘stratified’ medicine, which adjusts a patient’s therapy based on biomarkers that identify some of the patients expected not respond to a specific therapy. However, many tumor genome sequencing projects have shown that many more gene mutations drive the development of cancer than previously thought, making every tumor unique. These results in low success rates and thereby high cost in drug approval as the identified drugs are only effective for particular patient groups while large patient cohorts have no clear clinical benefit. In the early process of drug development, drugs are therefore screened on large cancer cell line collections to define drug applicability and to determine potential tumor targets. Here, we report the results of a computational modeling platform, ModCell, allowing the prediction of individual drug effects using large-scale genomic and transcriptomic data to virtualize such cell line screening. We validated this approach two-fold: on publicly available data from the cancer cell line encyclopedia, that comprises pharmacological profiles for anti-cancer drugs across a library of cancer cell lines as well as on cancer cell line culture experiments. We provide evidence that ModCell is able to reproducibly predict the effects of individual drugs with a confounding 80% accuracy, to predict combinatory drug action and to identify new applications for existing drugs. Thus, computational modeling using ModCell can improve todays drug development by accelerating and partly replacing work which would have otherwise be conducted in the laboratory and in the clinic. Citation Format: Alexander Kuehn, Felix Dreher, Svetlana Peycheva, Reha Yildiriman, Verena Lehmann, Thomas Kessler, Christoph Wierling, Hans Lehrach, Bodo MH Lange. Virtualization of drug testing by predictive systems biology modeling for optimal drug treatment of cancer cells and drug repositioning. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 350. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-350
German hospital doctors strike over pay
Authors: Annette Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2006)

More than 22 000 doctors in most of Germany's 36 university and state hospitals have decided to strike indefinitely from 16 March. The hospital doctors' association the Marburger Bund announced that an overwhelming majority of their members voted in favour of a strike, which so far has begun only in eight university hospitals. But it will expand to other regions, the Marburger Bund said.

Most non-emergency treatments and operations in the hospitals have been postponed. Emergency care and all treatment for potentially …
Peering under the skin: measuring melanoma depth with ultrasound and optical coherence tomography
Authors: C.L. Evans
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article Peering under the skin: measuring melanoma depth with ultrasound and optical coherence tomography Get access C.L. Evans C.L. Evans Wellman Center for Photomedicine Harvard Medical School Massachusetts General Hospital CNY149‐3210 13th Street Charlestown MA 02129 U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 171, Issue 4, 1 October 2014, Pages 690–691, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13353 Published: 01 October 2014
Melphalan and prednisone plus thalidomide or placebo in elderly patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Anders Waage, Peter Gimsing, Peter Fayers, Niels Abildgaard, Lucia Ahlberg, Bo Björkstrand, Kristina Carlson, Inger Marie Dahl, Karin Forsberg, Nina Gulbrandsen, Einar Haukås, Øyvind Hjertner, Martin Hjorth, Torbjörn Karlsson, Lene Meldgaard Knudsen, Johan Lanng Nielsen, Olle Linder, Ulf-Henrik Mellqvist, Ingerid Nesthus, Jürgen Rolke, Maria Strandberg, Jon Hjalmar Sørbø, Finn Wisløff, Gunnar Juliusson, Ingemar Turesson
Journal: Blood (2010)
Medical Practice and the Humanities
Authors: Edmund D. Pellegrino
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Elsewhere, this issue of the Journal (page 1096) carries the announcement of a new and unique program for physicians sponsored by the National Endowment for the Humanities. The Endowment will, this summer, offer a small number of physicians the opportunity for a month-long, intensive study of ethics and the humanities as they directly relate to the increasingly frequent questions of human value that daily confront the physician.This is part of a larger and more ambitious effort of the Endowment to make the humanities more visible and more influential in American life. The Endowment has taken a special interest in . . .
Multiple duodenal ulcer: natural history and pathophysiology.
Authors: W M Hui, S K Lam
Journal: Gut (1987)

It has not been established whether multiple duodenal ulcer is associated with a different natural history, pathophysiology, and therapeutic response than a single duodenal ulcer. A consecutive series of 96 patients with two or more duodenal ulcers at endoscopy, representing 9.6% of the total number of new patients with duodenal ulcer seen during the period 1980-1985, were compared with a random series of 200 patients with single duodenal ulcer seen in the middle years of this period. Multiple duodenal ulcer was associated with higher (p less than 0.02) male to female ratio, more (p less than 0.05) late onset patients (those with ulcer symptoms starting after age 30 years, more (p less than 0.05) chronic cigarette smokers, and more frequent (p less than 0.05) moderate to severe deformity of the duodenal bulb. More (p less than 0.05) patients with multiple duodenal ulcer had abnormally low D50 derived from pentagastrin dose response tests, indicating that they were more sensitive to gastrin stimulation. Furthermore, their mean fasting and meal stimulated serum gastrin concentrations were significantly higher than those of patients with single ulcer (p less than 0.005), or of controls (p less than 0.05). Compared with single duodenal ulcer, multiple ulcer had significantly lower placebo healing rate, and required a higher dose of misoprostol (1200 v 800 micrograms/day) to achieve a similar healing efficacy at four weeks. We conclude that multiple duodenal ulcer is associated with different clinical features, pathophysiology, and possibly therapeutic response from single duodenal ulcer, and appears to represent the more aggressive side of the ulcer spectrum.
Classical and alternative pathway NF- B signalling regulate gastric epithelial responses to gamma-irradiation
Authors: M. D. Burkitt, C. A. Duckworth, A. Varro, J. H. Caamano, D. M. Pritchard
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Dysregulation of epithelial apoptosis is considered to be an important predisposing event during gastric carcinogenesis. <i>H. pylori</i> infection, the initiating factor for most stomach cancers, induces gastric inflammation and this process is regulated by the NF-κB family of transcription factors. <i>H. pylori</i> also induces gastric epithelial apoptosis and NF-κB family members are key regulators of this cellular process. There are five individual members of the NF-κB family of proteins which signal via either the classical or alternative pathway. We have currently investigated whether individual NF-κB family members regulate susceptibility towards gastric epithelial apoptosis induced by the standard DNA damaging stimulus of γ-irradiation. <h3>Methods</h3> 12-week-old NF-κB1 null (p50<sup>-/-</sup>), NF-κB2 null (p52<sup>-/-</sup>), c-Rel null and C57BL/6 mice underwent 12Gy γ-irradiation and after 6 or 48 h tissues were harvested and processed for histology. Apoptosis and mitosis were scored on a cell positional basis in the antrum and corpus. Statistical significance was assessed by ANOVA; cell positional data were analysed by modified median test. <h3>Results</h3> Epithelial mitotic indices were increased 2.3-fold in the antrum and 3.0-fold in the corpus of untreated p50<sup>-/-</sup> mice relative to wild-type controls. Baseline apoptotic index was also increased 3.4-fold in the antrum of p50<sup>-/-</sup> mice. However, c-Rel<sup>-/-</sup> and p52<sup>-/-</sup> mice showed similar baseline gastric mitotic and apoptotic indices to wild-type mice. All mice developed apoptosis in the proliferative zone of antral (cell positions 2–14) and corpus (cell positions 9–24) gastric glands following γ-radiation and mitosis was completely suppressed in all mice following this stimulus. 6 h after irradiation, p50<sup>-/-</sup> mice had 1.4-fold higher antral and 4.4-fold higher corpus apoptotic indices (significant interaction between irradiation and genotype by 2-way ANOVA) than wild-type mice. c-Rel null mice similarly showed 2.2-fold higher corpus apoptosis scores and p52<sup>-/-</sup> mice 2.0-fold higher scores relative to wild-type mice, but these mice showed no differences in radiation-induced antral apoptosis. At 48 h after irradiation, the only significant differences that persisted were in the corpus of p50<sup>-/-</sup> mice. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Deletion of NF-κB1, NF-κB2 and c-Rel all render the gastric epithelium more susceptible to radiation-induced apoptosis. Individual family members regulate this process to different extents and the effects are more marked in corpus than antral mucosa. These data suggest that both classical and alternative pathway NF-κB signalling coordinate the epithelial apoptotic response in the stomach and individual family members play specific roles.
OC-077 Is the Referral Appropriate?
Authors: J Jones, I Dunkley, J Maddocks
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> With issues of increasing demand for endoscopy procedures, there is a need to validate surveillance referrals. A nurse-led review of surveillance referrals was set up. The aim was to ensure that patients are seen at the right time based on current guidance – right patient, right time, right test. <h3>Methods</h3> A protocol was developed which outlined the process for nurses to review referrals for patients on planned surveillance waiting list for colonoscopy. All referrals were reviewed with the hospital notes; relevant information documented on the protocol form which included changes in health; medication etc. Referrals with no change followed the pathway of original planned care. Referrals which did not meet the guidance (coded by nurses as: no/unsure) were reviewed by consultant colorectal surgeons. After consultant review if there were changes to planned care both the patient and their GP’s were informed by letter of the changes. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 296 surveillance referrals were reviewed between March – November 2012.Of these referrals were 126 were appropriate 170 were identified as needing changes to planned care. Of the 170 patients where changes were recommended, 115 were removed from the waiting list. 22 patients had a date change and 33 patients had no change to their planned care. Issues found for patients were: age, mental capacity, patient choice consideration, and documentation were: old versions or incomplete/illegible referrals, initial consultation documentation did not always include family history. See diagrams below: <h3>Conclusion</h3> Nurses are able to identify changes to planned surveillance colonoscopy referrals. Reducing risk to patients through inappropriate colonoscopy procedures; reducing waiting list and releasing capacity to other patients. This review shows there is a need to have a validation process of surveillance referrals with a cost saving in our case of 115 less colonoscopies equating to 23 lists. Further changes to processes could enhance patient care further such as nurse reviewers contacting patients by telephone or in appropriate clinics. Improvements in documentation and electronic data bases for surveillance patients which include family history of colorectal cancer to inform decision making. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared <h3>References</h3> Cairns SR, Scholefield JH, Steele RJ, <i>et al.</i>: Guidelines for colorectal cancer screening and surveillance in moderate and high risk groups (update from 2002). <i>Gut</i><i></i> 2010; 59:666–90.<i>Gut</i><i></i> 2010 59: 666–689 S Sarkar,U Duffy,N HaslamImproved clinical outcomes and efficacy with a nurse-led colonoscopy surveillance service <i>Frontline Gastroenterology</i><i></i> 2012; 3:16–20 NICE clinical guideline 131 (2011) Colorectal cancer: The diagnosis and management of colorectal cancer BCSP Adenoma Surveillance Guidance Note No 1Version 1 September 2009
Early post-transplant urinary IP-10 expression after kidney transplantation is predictive of short- and long-term graft function
Authors: M. Matz, J. Beyer, D. Wunsch, M.-F. Mashreghi, M. Seiler, J. Pratschke, N. Babel, H.-D. Volk, P. Reinke, K. Kotsch
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
Polymorphisms in interleukin‐1 receptor‐associated kinase 4 are associated with total serum IgE
Authors: M. A. Tewfik, Y. Bossé, M. Lemire, T. J. Hudson, S. Vallée‐Smejda, H. Al‐Shemari, C. Laprise, M. Desrosiers
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) level is recognized to be under strong genetic control, but the causal and susceptibility genes remain to be identified. We sought to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway and total serum IgE level.A population of 206 patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) was used. Precise phenotyping of patients was accomplished by means of a questionnaire and clinical examination. Blood was drawn for measurement of total serum IgE, as well as DNA extraction. A maximally informative set of SNPs in the TLR1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, CD14, MD2, MyD88, IRAK4, and TRAF6 genes were selected and genotyped. Significant findings were replicated in a second independent population of 956 subjects from 227 families with asthma.A total of 97 out of 104 SNPs were successfully genotyped. Three SNPs in IRAK4--rs1461567, rs4251513, and rs4251559--were associated with total serum IgE levels (P < 0.004). In the replication sample, the same SNPs as well as the same orientation of the risk allele were associated with IgE levels (P < 0.031).These results demonstrate a clear association between polymorphisms in the IRAK4 gene and serum IgE levels in patients with CRS and asthma. IRAK4 may be important in the regulation of IgE levels in patients with inflammatory diseases of the airways.
Predictors of insufficient amikacin peak concentration in critically ill patients receiving a 25 mg/kg total body weight regimen
Authors: Etienne de Montmollin, Lila Bouadma, Nathalie Gault, Bruno Mourvillier, Eric Mariotte, Sarah Chemam, Laurent Massias, Emmanuelle Papy, Florence Tubach, Michel Wolff, Romain Sonneville
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)
Exposure Science: A View of the Past and Milestones for the Future
Authors: Paul J. Lioy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

The study of human exposure to environmental toxicants has evolved as a scientific field over the past 30 years.This review provides a historical perspective on the growth of exposure science as a field, with some emphasis on the results from initial observational studies in obtaining information needed for generating hypotheses on significant human contact with environmental agents, testing the performance of models, and reducing exposures to protect public health.Advances in activity pattern and behavioral research that established a suite of variables needed to accurately define contact and factors that influence contact are also discussed. The identification and characterization of these factors have played a pivotal role in the growth of the field and in developing exposure reduction strategies. Answers to two key questions on the relevance and fundamental value of exposure science to the fields of environmental health and risk management are presented as a path forward: a) What does one do with such exposure information? b) What roles does exposure science play in situations beyond observational analyses and interpretation?The discussion identifies the need for more focused use of observational studies of exposure for epidemiologic analyses. Further, the introduction and use of new tools and approaches for hypothesis testing that can improve the use of exposure science in prevention research for risk management is needed to affect the source-to-effect continuum. A major restructuring of the field is not required to achieve innovation. However, additional resources for training and education are required to ensure that the potential for exposure science to play a central role in reducing and preventing excess risk within environmental/occupational health is achieved.
334 Ursodeoxycholic acid improves rat liver fibrosis better than spontaneous recovery
Authors: M.R. Mas, I. Tasci, S.A. Vural, B. Cornern, G. Alcigir, M. Serdar, N. Mas, A.T. Isik, Y. Ates, O. Uzunalimoglu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)