tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trusts need to highlight non-salary benefits of NHS employment, conference hears
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Evaluating the state of the oculomotor system of a patient is one of the fundamental tests done in neuro-ophthalmology. However, up to date, very few quantitative standardized tests of eye movements quality exist, limiting this assessment to confrontational tests reliant on subjective interpretation. Furthermore, quantitative tests relying on eye movement properties such as pursuit gain and saccade dynamics are often insufficient to capture the complexity of the underlying disorders and are often (too) long and tiring. In this study, we present SONDA (Standardised Oculomotor and Neurological Disorder Assessment): this test is based on analyzing eye tracking recorded during a short and intuitive continuous tracking task. We tested patients affected by Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and find that: (1) the saccadic dynamics of the main sequence alone are not sufficient to separate patients from healthy controls; (2) the combination of spatio-temporal and statistical properties of saccades and saccadic dynamics enables an identification of oculomotor abnormalities in both MS and PD patients. We conclude that SONDA constitutes a powerful screening tool that allows an in-depth evaluation of (deviant) oculomotor behavior in a few minutes of non-invasive testing.
Cardiac Sympathetic Responses to Acute Vasodilation
Authors: Gary E. Newton, John D. Parker
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Although there is indirect evidence of impaired baroreflex control of sympathetic outflow directed at heart muscle, the regulation of cardiac sympathetic activity in the setting of heart failure is largely unexplored. We used the norepinephrine spillover method to address the hypothesis that baroreflex control of cardiac sympathetic activity is reduced in heart failure. Methods and Results Twenty-three patients were studied, 17 in a group with heart failure and 6 in a group with normal ventricular function. In both groups, cardiac norepinephrine spillover was assessed in response to nitroprusside infused to steady-state conditions. Nitroprusside resulted in significant reductions in mean systemic arterial pressure (normal group, −15±3% [mean±SEM]; heart failure group, −13±1%) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (normal group, −25±10%; heart failure group, −29±4%). In response to nitroprusside, there was a 98±16% increase in cardiac norepinephrine spillover in the normal group (from 81±10 to 159±25 pmol/min, P &lt;.05). Despite similar hemodynamic responses to nitroprusside in the heart failure group, there was only a 28±14% increase in cardiac spillover (from 211±71 to 245±59 pmol/min, P =NS), a response that was significantly smaller than that seen in the normal group. Conclusions In patients with heart failure compared with subjects with normal ventricular function, there was a significantly smaller increase in cardiac sympathetic activity in response to a steady-state infusion of nitroprusside. This result provides evidence for reduced baroreflex control of cardiac sympathetic activity in heart failure.
Preconditioning of Human Myocardium With Adenosine During Coronary Angioplasty
Authors: Massoud A. Leesar, Marcus Stoddard, Mirza Ahmed, John Broadbent, Roberto Bolli
Journal: Circulation (1997)

It is unknown whether adenosine can precondition human myocardium against ischemia in vivo.Thirty patients were randomized to receive a 10-minute intracoronary infusion of adenosine (2 mg/min) or normal saline; 10 minutes later, they underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA; three 2-minute balloon inflations 5 minutes apart). In control patients, the ST-segment shift on the intracoronary ECG was significantly greater during the first inflation than during the second and third inflations, consistent with ischemic preconditioning. In contrast, in adenosine-treated patients, there were no differences in ST-segment shift during the three inflations. The ST-segment shift was significantly smaller in the adenosine-treated group compared with the control group during all three inflations. The reduction in ST-segment shift afforded by adenosine during the first inflation (-72% versus first inflation in control subjects) was greater than that afforded by ischemic preconditioning in control subjects (-52% during the third versus first inflation). Measurements of chest pain score paralleled those of ST-segment shift. Adenosine had no effect on baseline regional wall motion as determined by quantitative two-dimensional echocardiography. Thus, intracoronary infusion of adenosine before PTCA rendered the myocardium remarkably resistant to subsequent ischemia. Judging from the intracoronary ECG, the protection provided by adenosine was even superior to that provided in control subjects by the ischemia associated with the first two balloon inflations. Infusion of adenosine had no major adverse effects in patients undergoing PTCA of the left anterior descending or circumflex arteries.Adenosine preconditions human myocardium against ischemia in vivo. Pretreatment with adenosine is remarkably effective (even more effective than ischemic preconditioning) and could be used prophylactically to attenuate ischemia in selected patients undergoing PTCA of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Whether adenosine can be safely infused into the right or the circumflex coronary artery in the presence of a temporary pacemaker remains to be established.
<i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>in the Cerebrospinal Fluid during the Acute Stage of Chagas' Disease
Authors: Rodney Hoff, Rodolfo S. Teixeira, Jose S. Carvalho, Kenneth E. Mott
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

THE extent of Central-nervous-system involvement in Chagas' disease is not known.1 The only well recognized neurologic complication during the acute infection is meningoencephalitis. In patients so affected the cerebrospinal fluid contains excess protein and lymphocytes,2 and intracellular Trypanosoma cruzi can be found in the brain and in the reticular cells of the leptomeninges.3 When neurologic manifestations are absent during acute infection, the cerebrospinal fluid has been reported to be normal,4 normal except for the presence of antibody to T. cruzi, 5 or as showing elevated levels of protein and increased numbers of lymphocytes.6 In these cases direct examination revealed no T. . . .
Congenitally Unguarded Tricuspid Orifice with Coexistent Pulmonary Atresia
Authors: VLADIMIR I. KANJUH, JAMES E. STEVENSON, KURT AMPLATZ, JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1964)

A rare malformation of the tricuspid valve is described in which neither valvular tissue nor papillary muscles were formed, while a tricuspid orifice was present. The case involved a cyanotic newborn female infant in whom pulmonary valvular atresia was also present. The functional, clinical, and angiocardiographic manifestations were similar to those that may be observed either in tricuspid atresia or in pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum. As far as we are aware, the literature contains only one other case which bears some similarity but is not identical to the one herein reported.
Peer Victimization, Cyberbullying, and Suicide Risk in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Gianluca Gini, Dorothy L. Espelage
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clarification and Standardization of Substance Abuse Terminology
Authors: Robert C. Rinaldi
Journal: JAMA (1988)

A four-stage Delphi survey of substance abuse experts was conducted to help achieve greater clarity and uniformity in terminology associated with alcohol and other drug-related problems. This multidisciplinary group of experts was asked to reach a consensus on alcohol and other drug-related terms and definitions. Results produced a list of 50 substance abuse terms deemed important, along with the most agreed on definition for each term.
Acute Diffuse Glomerulonephritis in Acute Staphylococcal Endocarditis
Authors: W. H. TU
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Acute diffuse glomerulonephritis developed in two patients with acute bacterial endocarditis due to coagulase-positive staphylococci. Light and electron microscopic findings on renal biopsy were indistinguishable from those of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, although antecedent streptococcal infection was not apparent. The electron microscopic findings and the presence of rheumatoid factor and hypergammaglobulinemia suggest that the glomerulonephritis may have resulted from an immune reaction, presumably consisting of antigen-antibody complex formation related to the staphylococcal infection. The clinical course of the glomerulonephritis was self-limited, and the prognosis appears favorable.
p38 MAPK inhibition suppresses the TLR-hypersensitive phenotype in FANCC- and FANCA-deficient mononuclear phagocytes
Authors: Praveen Anur, Jane Yates, Michael R. Garbati, Scott Vanderwerf, Winifred Keeble, Keaney Rathbun, Laura E. Hays, Jeffrey W. Tyner, Johanna Svahn, Enrico Cappelli, Carlo Dufour, Grover C. Bagby
Journal: Blood (2012)
Wikipedia: encyclopaedia cardiologica
Authors: Arun Natarajan, Sreevidya Racherla
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2012)

The article on Wikipedia by Metcalfe and Powell1 was both interesting and informative. The authors argue that although Wikipedia is the most frequently used online educational resource, it is often poorly structured. We cannot disagree with that and can further add that the website's articles are nowhere close to being comprehensive. But we have often found that Wikipedia was the ‘top hit’ when performing a search on Google for many things and therefore convenient for quick reference. We decided to put this to a small test for medical terms.

We chose five common cardiac diagnoses namely angina, acute coronary syndrome, aortic stenosis, congestive heart failure and infective endocarditis, and found that Wikipedia was amongst the top three hits for all these and the #1 hit for two of them. Next we searched for five less common cardiac diagnoses including takotsubo syndrome, long QT syndrome, left ventricular aneurysm, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, and to our surprise found that Wikipedia was #1 hit for the first three and #2 hit for the other two. The most interesting thing was with the newer cardiac treatments and technologies namely prasugrel, dabigatran, implantable cardioverter defibrillator, drug-eluting stent and left atrial appendage closure device, all of which brought up Wikipedia as the #1 search result. The search terms were used exactly as quoted.

This has profound implications not just for patients looking for further information about their conditions and treatments but even for doctors. During a busy clinic or on-call, the quest for instant enlightenment is very likely to lead doctors to Wikipedia. This would therefore reinforce the authors' conclusion that the time for us healthcare professionals to engage with this web resource cannot be riper. However, when making contributions or amendments to resources, doctors and academics must pay more attention to detail, consult scientific peer-reviewed published literature and aim to be impartial. If we invest time on this web resource today, we may in the future have a substantial amount of free, constantly updated medical literature under a single umbrella.
Risks and benefits of omega 3 fats: Summary of responses
Authors: Birte Twisselmann
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—The systematic review by Hooper et al with accompanying editorial by Brunner resulted in 30-odd electronic responses, most of which raised similar concerns.1 2 The main issue was the selection of studies—an “indiscriminate” mix of primary and secondary prevention studies.

The main objection was to the inclusion of the “methodologically poor” DART-2 study,3 which alone changed the conclusion of the meta-analysis from “clear benefit” to “no benefit.” Among the numerous weaknesses that the DART-2 authors themselves had originally drawn attention to, were that this study was …
Improved Outcomes After Aortic Valve Surgery for Chronic Aortic Regurgitation With Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Authors: Sunil K. Bhudia, Patrick M. McCarthy, Ganesh S. Kumpati, Joe Helou, Katherine J. Hoercher, Jeevanantham Rajeswaran, Eugene H. Blackstone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
BCG vaccination and health care workers.
Authors: T C Aw
Journal: BMJ (1993)

ficantly different from that in a similar survey in 1977-83.4By the end of 1992 we had received strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from 167 HIV seropositive patients.Nine of these strains (six from African and three from European patients) were drug resistant: six to isoniazid, one to strepto- mycin, one to rifampicin, and one to both isoniazid and streptomycin.The prevalence of drug resist- ance in these HIV positive patients was not significantly different from that in other patients in these ethnic groups, and no multidrug resistant strains (resistant to three or more drugs) were isolated.Thus we have not yet experienced the serious problem of multidrug resistant tubercu- losis related to HIV encountered in the United States.
Islet Amyloid Polypeptide in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer and Diabetes
Authors: Johan Permert, Jorgen Larsson, Gunilla T. Westermark, Margery K. Herrington, Lars Christmanson, Parviz M. Pour, Per Westermark, Thomas E. Adrian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

The diabetes mellitus that occurs in patients with pancreatic cancer is characterized by marked insulin resistance that declines after tumor resection. Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), a hormonal factor secreted from the pancreatic beta cells, reduces insulin sensitivity in vivo and glycogen synthesis in vitro. In this study, we examined the relation between IAPP and diabetes in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Plasma postheparin diamine oxidase. Sensitive provocative test for quantitating length of acute intestinal mucosal injury in the rat.
Authors: G D Luk, T M Bayless, S B Baylin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Diamine oxidase (DAO; EC 1.4.3.6) is an enzyme found in high activity in the mature cells of the upper villus of rat small intestinal mucosa and in very much lower activity in all other tissues in the nonpregnant rat. This study was designed to determine whether a provocative test for increasing the level of plasma DAO activity by heparin administration could be used to monitor the extent and severity of acute, severe, small intestinal mucosal injury. In adult rats, small intestinal loops of varying lengths were perfused with 2,100 mosM sodium sulfate solution for 60 min to produce selective damage to villus epithelium. Plasma postheparin DAO (PHD) activity (180 min after 400 U/kg i.p. heparin) was measured 7 h after initiation of perfusion. With increasing length of intestinal mucosal injury, there was a progressive decrease in both basal and plasma PHD activity. The decrease in plasma PHD activity closely reflected the length of intestinal mucosa injured (n = 128, r = 0.86, P less than 0.001), and it was much more sensitive (threshold limit of detection = 13% of total length, range = 67 U/ml for 100% length of injury) than unstimulated basal levels of plasma DAO (threshold = 40%, range = 2.1 U/ml). Our previous data have suggested that DAO is unique among intestinal mucosal enzymes in that circulating levels can serve as a marker of mucosal injury; this study illustrates that the addition of a low-dose heparin administration enhances the use of DAO even further as a sensitive, quantitative, circulating marker for monitoring the extent of small intestinal mucosal injury in the rat.
Cardiac Arrest in Hypothermia-Reply
Authors: Frederick S. Southwick
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We agree with Dr White that sinus bradycardia in patients with core temperatures of less than 26 °C can be associated with a grave prognosis, since such patients are at high risk of having ventricular fibrillation develop. We included sinus bradycardia in our discussion to warn physicians to avoid therapeutic measures (intubation, overventilation, excessive bicarbonate replacement, and pacing wire placment) that might precipitate this hemodynamically less favorable rhythm. As discussed by Wickstrom et al,<sup>1</sup>monkey experiments suggest that any physical stimulus can trigger the onset of ventricular fibrillation in the cold heart. Hypothermic patients should be handled gently. Rewarming, of course, must be instituted. External rewarming has been associated with conversion to fibrillation.<sup>2,3</sup>In view of the high risk of this arrhythmia in patients with bradycardia and core temperatures below 26 °C, perhaps aggressive core rewarming by peritoneal dialysis should be instituted in hope of preventing
(10) Infantile myofibromatosis and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: R. COLEMAN, J. SHIELD, K. AITKEN, E.J. GLASS, J.I. HARPER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Journal Article (10) Infantile myofibromatosis and magnetic resonance imaging Get access R. COLEMAN, R. COLEMAN Departments of Dermatology, The Hospitals for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. SHIELD, J. SHIELD Departments of Dermatology, The Hospitals for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. AITKEN, K. AITKEN Departments of Radiology, The Hospitals for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.J. GLASS, E.J. GLASS Pinderfields General Hospital, Wakefield Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.I. HARPER J.I. HARPER Departments of Dermatology, The Hospitals for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 127, Issue s40, 1 July 1992, Pages 51–52, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb01235.x Published: 01 July 1992
Relation between transmural deformation and local myofiber direction in canine left ventricle.
Authors: L K Waldman, D Nosan, F Villarreal, J W Covell
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

To determine the relation between local myofiber anatomy and local deformation in the wall of the left ventricle, both three-dimensional transmural deformation and myofiber orientation were examined in the anterior free wall of seven canine left ventricles. Deformation was measured by imaging columns of implanted radiopaque markers with high-speed, biplane cineradiography (16 mm, 120 frames/sec). Hearts were fixed at end diastole and sectioned parallel to the local epicardial tangent plane to determine the transmural distribution of fiber directions at the site of strain measurement. The principal direction of deformation associated with the greatest shortening was compared with the local fiber direction in the outer (21 +/- 8% of the wall thickness from the epicardium) and inner (65 +/- 9%) halves of the wall. Although the fiber direction varied substantially with depth from the epicardium, the principal direction did not. In the outer half of the wall, fiber direction averaged -8 +/- 24 degrees, while the principal direction averaged -33 +/- 24 degrees from circumferential (counterclockwise angles are positive). In the inner half, fiber direction averaged 69 +/- 10 degrees, while the principal direction averaged -22 +/- 21 degrees. Therefore, while fiber and principal directions were not substantially different in the outer half, the greatest shortening occurred orthogonally to the fiber direction in the inner half. Normal and shear strains measured in a cardiac coordinate system (circumferential, longitudinal, and radial coordinates) were rotated (transformed) to "fiber" coordinates in both halves of the wall. In the outer half, normal strains observed in the fiber (-0.09 +/- 0.04) and cross-fiber (-0.04 +/- 0.04) directions were not significantly different (paired t test, p less than 0.05). In the inner half, more than twice as much strain occurred in the cross-fiber (-0.17 +/- 0.03) than in the fiber direction (-0.06 +/- 0.06). Moreover, the only shear strain that remained substantial after transformation was transverse shear in the plane of the fiber and radial coordinates. These results suggest that both reorientation and cross-sectional shape changes of myofibers or the interstitium may contribute to the large wall thickenings observed during contraction, particularly in the inner half of the ventricular wall.
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL CONCEPTION AND TREATMENT OF CERTAIN COMMON "PSYCHONEUROSES"
Authors: EDMUND JACOBSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1941)

The view is presented that investigations on the electrophysiology of mental activities, although still in their infancy, have opened the way toward understanding and treatment of various common "psychoneuroses" [See Source Pdf for Illustration.] FIG. 6.—Graph of rectified action-potentials showing differential relaxation while reading, June 14, 1940. The electrodes are in the mid-line of the right quadriceps femoris muscle, respectively 2 and 4 inches above the patella. (The patient was discharged June 9, 1936.) according to physiological principles. It is suggested that certain more or less vague and figurative terms in current usage should be replaced by others more precise and descriptive but less theoretical in character. Among these is the term "psychoneurosis." Most of the variable conditions included under this caption can be diagnosed as "neuromuscular hypertension with pathological habit formation." Foundation for this revision lies not alone in the present studies but particularly in the vast literature concerning investigations on habit formation and on conditioned reflexes. Nervous and muscular states in man can now be measured accurately in the clinic, affording objective means of determining the progress of the patient or of testing the effects of any particular form of therapy. This is illustrated in the presentation of two cases of "psychoneurosis"—one characterized by phobias and the other by transient states of depression and irritability. Assuming that the symptoms during "psychoneurosis" essentially include neuromuscular tensions in various bodily localities, it would seem evident that the relaxation of these tensions would be the direct route to efficacious treatment, particularly if it could be made habitual. This procedure is followed in the cases cited.