tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunological Abnormalities in Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukaemia
Authors: A. Cannat, M. Seligmann
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Immunological studies were performed on 24 children suffering from juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia. Strikingly high serum immunoglobulin levels with a frequent tendency towards homogeneity and light-chain imbalance were present, together with a high incidence of antinuclear antibodies (52%) and antihuman IgG antibodies (43%). Members of the families of 19 of the children were also studied. A few similar abnormalities were found in eight families, mostly clustered in four of them. The significance of the association of these immunological aberrations with juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia is at present unknown. In view of the interrelation observed in experimental models between immunological abnormalities and oncogenic viruses the possibility of a common aetiological factor such as a viral infection during fetal life is suggested.
Thermoregulatory responses during a marathon. A case study of a woman runner.
Authors: C. L. Christensen, R. O. Ruhling
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1980)

This study shows that 6-[4-(1-cyclohexyl-1<i>H</i>-tetrazol-5-yl) butoxy]-3,4-dihydro-2(1<i>H</i>)-quinolinone (cilostazol) suppresses the atherosclerotic lesion formation in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr)-null mice. Ldlr-null mice fed a high cholesterol diet showed multiple plaque lesions in the proximal ascending aorta including aortic sinus, accompanied by increased macrophage accumulation with increased expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Supplementation of cilostazol (0.2% w/w) in diet significantly decreased the plaque lesions with reduced macrophage accumulation and suppression of VCAM-1 and MCP-1 in situ. Increased superoxide and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production were significantly lowered by cilostazol in situ as well as in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). TNF-α-induced increased inhibitory κBα degradation in the cytoplasm and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 activation in the nuclei of HUVECs were reversed by cilostazol (1 ∼ 100 μM) as well as by (<i>E</i>)-3[(4-<i>t</i>-butylphenyl)sulfonyl]-2-propenenitrile (BAY 11-7085) (10 μM), suggesting that cilostazol strongly inhibits NF-κB activation and p65 translocation into the nuclei. Furthermore, in gel shift and DNA-binding assay, cilostazol inhibited NF-κB/DNA complex and nuclear DNA-binding activity of the NF-κB in the nuclear extracts of the RAW 264.7 cells. Taken together, it is suggested that the anti-atherogenic effect of cilostazol in cholesterol-fed Ldlr-null mice is ascribed to its property to suppress superoxide and TNF-α formation, and thereby reducing NF-κB activation/transcription, VCAM-1/MCP-1 expressions, and monocyte recruitments.
Role of Airborne Lead in Increased Body Burden of Lead in Hartford Children
Authors: Martha L. Lepow, Leonard Bruckman, Robert A. Rubino, Steven Markowitz, Marybeth Gillette, Janet Kapish
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

The ingestion of airborne lead fallout is the mechanism responsible for increased lead body burdens found in 10 urban Connecticut children. The mean indoor lead levels found in housedust was 11,000 mug/g; highest concentrations occurred on windowsills and in floor dust. The mean lead content of Hartford street dirt was 1,200 mug/g; levels were highest near the street and next to the buildings. The mean lead concentration of hand samples taken from the subject children was 2,400 mug/g; the mean weight of hand samples was 11 mg. The concentration of lead in dirt and househould dust was high enough to theoretically result in excessive lead accumulation in young children who are putting their dusty, dirty hands in their mouths during play. While we believe that lead emitted from automobiles contributes significantly to air, dirt and dust lead levels the environmental impact of reducing or eliminating lead from gasoline is not yet completely understood.
Ultrasound detection of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposits in menisci: a pilot in vivo and ex vivo study: Table 1
Authors: Georgios Filippou, Panagiotis Bozios, Dario Gambera, Sauro Lorenzini, Ilaria Bertoldi, Antonella Adinolfi, Mauro Galeazzi, Bruno Frediani
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

Over the last decade, ultrasonography (US) has been demonstrated to be an excellent technique for detecting calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPP)crystal deposits in joints and periarticular tissues.1,–,8 The main difficulty in performing sensitivity and specificity studies for CPP crystal deposition disease is the definition of the gold standard for the diagnosis. The objective of our study was to define the sensitivity and specificity of US in detecting CPP crystal deposits in human menisci using polarised light microscopy as the gold standard.

In our study we enrolled all patients waiting to undergo knee replacement surgery due to severe osteoarthritis for two consecutive weeks. All patients underwent US examination of the knee on the day before surgery. Only the knee to be subjected to surgery was examined by an expert ultrasonographer. US scans were performed at the level of the medial and lateral meniscus with the knee completely extended, …
Impact of additional cytogenetic aberrations at diagnosis on prognosis of CML: long-term observation of 1151 patients from the randomized CML Study IV
Authors: Alice Fabarius, Armin Leitner, Andreas Hochhaus, Martin C. Müller, Benjamin Hanfstein, Claudia Haferlach, Gudrun Göhring, Brigitte Schlegelberger, Martine Jotterand, Andreas Reiter, Susanne Jung-Munkwitz, Ulrike Proetel, Juliana Schwaab, Wolf-Karsten Hofmann, Jörg Schubert, Hermann Einsele, Anthony D. Ho, Christiane Falge, Lothar Kanz, Andreas Neubauer, Michael Kneba, Frank Stegelmann, Michael Pfreundschuh, Cornelius F. Waller, Karsten Spiekermann, Gabriela M. Baerlocher, Michael Lauseker, Markus Pfirrmann, Joerg Hasford, Susanne Saussele, Rüdiger Hehlmann
Journal: Blood (2011)
A promise for change
Authors: A. Jain
Journal: BMJ (2013)

These are exciting times in Indian politics. It has been heartening to see the clean sweep (quite literally) in the nation’s capital by the self proclaimed common man’s party. Contesting elections for the first time, they have defied history by overturning the established playfield of age old political parties. What they held was a promise for change. And the masses clung to that and voted in large numbers.

Central to the political manifesto of candidates across India since time immemorial has been the promise of better roads. The change may nevertheless be delivered from a hitherto unexpected corner. Rajasekaran Shanmuganathan, former president of the Indian Orthopaedics Association, has filed a litigation charging the government with gross negligence in the matter of road safety and demanding coordinated action (doi:10.1136/bmj.f6912). With the World Health Organization estimates pinned at 230 000 road traffic deaths in India in the …
Cellular microRNA-miR-548g-3p modulates the replication of dengue virus
Authors: Weitao Wen, Zhenjian He, Qinlong Jing, Yiwen Hu, Cuiji Lin, Rui Zhou, Xiaoqun Wang, Yangfan Su, Jiehao Yuan, Zhenxin Chen, Jie Yuan, Jueheng Wu, Jun Li, Xun Zhu, Mengfeng Li
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in the Clinical Evaluation of Patients With Heart and Lung Disease
Authors: Ross Arena, Kathy E. Sietsema
Journal: Circulation (2011)

E xercise tests are commonly used in clinical practice for both functional and diagnostic assessments.Many exercise tests are designed to produce a single measurement relevant to a specific clinical setting such as a timed walking distance as a measure of functional capacity in rehabilitation candidates or the presence of ECG changes consistent with myocardial ischemia in patients with chest pain.2][3] With increased availability of instruments for the facile measurement of exercise gas exchange, experience with CPX has expanded from clinical research applications to a broad range of clinical practice settings. 4nterpretation of CPX for clinical purposes includes comparison of data from individual patients with those from healthy and disease populations.Substantial data are available characterizing exercise responses of patients with certain common heart and lung diseases, providing a basis for using CPX to compare individual patients' impairment relative to others from the same populations.Diagnostic applications of CPX, eg, for evaluating unexplained dyspnea or exercise intolerance, also rely on a comparison of patients' data with those of patients with known diagnoses.In clinical practice, in contrast to much of the research related to specific disorders, patients frequently have multiple medical problems, confounding the assessment of impairment or the attribution of symptoms to one or another condition.Although there are few systematic analyses of the effects of coexistent conditions on exercise responses, an advantage of CPX compared with other forms of testing is the potential for gaining insight into these interactions.This review highlights CPX findings in selected clinical populations and the implication of these observations to the clinical evaluation of patients with heart and/or lung diseases.
Incidence and Predictors of Bowel Obstruction in Elderly Patients With Stage IV Colon Cancer
Authors: Megan Winner, Stephen J. Mooney, Dawn L. Hershman, Daniel L. Feingold, John D. Allendorf, Jason D. Wright, Alfred I. Neugut
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

Research has been limited on the incidence, mechanisms, etiology, and treatment of symptoms that require palliation in patients with terminal cancer. Bowel obstruction (BO) is a common complication of advanced abdominal cancer, including colon cancer, for which small, single-institution studies have suggested an incidence rate of 15% to 29%. Large population-based studies examining the incidence or risk factors associated with BO in cancer are lacking.To investigate the incidence and risk factors associated with BO in patients with stage IV colon cancer.Retrospective cohort, population-based study of patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results and Medicare claims linked databases who were diagnosed as having stage IV colon cancer from January 1, 1991, through December 31, 2005.Patients 65 years or older with stage IV colon cancer (n = 12 553).Time to BO, defined by inpatient hospitalization for BO. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to determine associations between BO and patient, prior treatment, and tumor features.We identified 1004 patients with stage IV colon cancer subsequently hospitalized with BO (8.0%). In multivariable analysis, proximal tumor site (hazard ratio, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.07-1.40]), high tumor grade (1.34 [1.16-1.55]), mucinous histological type (1.27 [1.08-1.50]), and nodal stage N2 (1.52 [1.26-1.84]) were associated with increased risk of BO, as was the presence of obstruction at cancer diagnosis (1.75 [1.47-2.04]). A more recent diagnosis was associated with decreased risk of subsequent obstruction (hazard ratio, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.72-0.98]).In this large population of patients with stage IV colon cancer, BO after diagnosis was less common (8.0%) than previously reported. Risk was associated with site and histological type of the primary tumor. Future studies will explore management and outcomes in this serious, common complication.
Is intrinsic factor really affected by cimetidine?
Authors: P C Sharpe, J Mills, M A Horton, R H Hunt, S H Vincent, G J Milton-Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1979)

asymptomatic.4All raw pork handled by the patient was of local origin.Y enterocolitica has not been reported in British pigs.The only neurological complication previously recorded was a case of Guillain-Barre syndrome.5Neuralgic amyotrophy was recognised during the last war.It is of unknown aetiology but may follow dysentery or Reiter's syndrome.Severe pain in the shoulder girdle is followed by rapid wasting.Sensory loss is minimal and recovery usually good.Extensor plantars may occur.When enteritis and abdominal pain is followed by lower-limb polyarthritis, salmonellae, shigellae, and yersiria should be sought in the acute phase by culture and serology.Underestimation of the true prevalernce is likely.
Sixth Disease and the Ubiquity of Human Herpesviruses
Authors: Charles Prober
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is the cause of the sixth clinically distinct exanthematous disease of childhood. Measles virus, erythrogenic group A streptococci, and rubella virus are the causes of the first three diseases, and parvovirus B19 is the cause of the fifth disease. The origin of the fourth classic childhood illness, formerly referred to as Dukes' disease, is controversial. Some medical historians believe that it probably represented misdiagnosed cases of rubella or scarlet fever, rather than a distinct illness.HHV-6 is so named because it was the sixth human herpesvirus to be identified. This family of large DNA viruses includes . . .
Idiopathic peripheral enthesopathy without spondylarthritis.
Authors: M Nishikai, M Sugimoto, A Sato, H Takeuchi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

A 40 year old man who had a systemic inflammatory enthesopathy without spondylarthritis and HLA-B27 is described. The presence of hypergammaglobulinaemia and the effectiveness of glucocorticoid therapy suggested the possibility of its aetiology being 9autoimmune9 in nature.
The Forced Expiratory Volume after Exercise, Forced Inspiration, and the Valsalva and Muller Man uvres
Authors: L. H. Capel, J. Smart
Journal: Thorax (1959)

During exercise a patient suffering obstructive airway disease may ventilate his lungs at a rate greater than his maximum voluntary ventilation volume per minute (M.V.V.) measured at rest.Though this paradox has been known for a number of years (Filley, 1953), it has received but brief comment (Hugh-Jones and Lambert, 1952; Comroe, Forster, Dubois, Briscoe, and Carlsen, 1955; Gandevia and Hugh-Jones, 1957).Lewis and Morton (1954) reported an increase in the M.V.V. after exercise in healthy people.If exercise increases the M.V.V. then it should increase the one-second forced expiratory volume (F.E.V.,) since these are closely related (Gaensler, 1951).We have been able to show that this increase occurs in patients with obstructive airway disease but not in healthy people (Experiment 1).An explanation was sought.Beyond a certain point increasing expiratory effort is unlikely to increase the F.E.V.1 of patients with obstructive airway disease (Fry, Ebert, Stead, and Brown, 1954).The influence of increasing inspiratory effort was therefore investigated (Experiment 2).During exercise the volume of blood in the lung capillaries of healthy people probably increases (Filley, MacIntosh, and Wright, 1954).Exercise may also increase the volume of blood in the lung capillaries of patients with obstructive airway disease.This must alter the mechanical properties of the lung.The effect of changes in lung blood volume on the F.E.V.1 was therefore investigated (Experiment 3).We used a spirometer similar to that described by Bernstein, D'Silva, and Mendel (1952) recording on a fast-moving drum.When two similar spirograms were obtained from the patient (usually his first two attempts), the better was recorded.Patients were chosen at convenience, and all those tested are included in the report.All were more or less breathless on effort.The spray inhalation the patients without obstructive airway disease showed little change in F.E.V.,.
SUBPERIOSTEAL RESECTION OF THE TIBIAL SHAFT IN OSTEOMYELITIS
Authors: M. BOSWORTH
Journal: JAMA (1933)

One of the most startling statements that I can remember during my undergraduate training concerned the regeneration of a complete new bone shaft in the young, following subperiosteal excision. As I remember it, the source of the experimental and practical work on which this statement was made was not given. Nevertheless, the fact that nature could replace such a complicated and necessary structure of such gross size seemed unbelievable. The fact, however, was accepted by me and, like many such, was not again thought of until September, 1928. At that time the first case herein reported was seen. Previous to this time, I had found it a frequent medical rumor that such regeneration could occur, but it was not until the literature was inspected following the completion of the first case that the sources of theory and practical application were discovered. The work of three men, Oilier in 1857, Nichols
Problems in using basal body temperature recordings in an infertility clinic.
Authors: E A Lenton, G A Weston, I D Cooke
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Basal body temperature recordings are extensively used to diagnose and treat infertility, but too great an emphasis on the interpretation of these charts might be counter-productive in managing these patients. Several gynaecologists who use temperature charts clinically were asked to score 60 charts taken from a selection of normal and infertile women, and their results were compared with those obtained by a group of non-experts. Since the full hormonal profiles had been obtained for each of the 60 charts the accuracy of the predictions could be assessed. About 80% of the temperature charts were correctly interpreted by both groups as being either ovulatory or anovulatory but the day of ovulation was predicted correctly for only about 34% of the charts. When the charts were examined retrospectively the thermal nadir was found to coincide with the luteinising hormone surge in 43% of the charts from normal subjects but in only 25% of those from the infertile patients. Predicting the day of ovulation from the temperature recording, particularly in infertile women, is clearly unjustified.
Ventricular Arrhythmias after Intravenous Sodium Lactate in Heart Block
Authors: JOHN F. MURRAY, S. H. BOYER
Journal: Circulation (1957)

Molar sodium lactate has been described as a safe and effective agent in the treatment of bradycardia accompanying complete heart block. However, in 12 patients with heart block, hypertonic lactate infusions produced ventricular tachycardia in 6 and an increased idioventricular rate in only 4. Isopropylnorepinephrine was more effective and without such hazard. The effects of alkalosis from molar lactate, 5 per cent sodium bicarbonate, and hyperventilation are compared. Of these 3, lactate was productive of the greatest ventricular acceleration.
NATIONAL TRENDS IN PULMONARY EMBOLISM HOSPITALIZATION RATES AND OUTCOMES FOR MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES, 1999–2010
Authors: Karl E. Minges, Behnood Bikdeli, Yun Wang, Nancy Kim, Jeptha P. Curtis, Mayur Desai, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Healthcare reform "working the way it's supposed to," says Obama
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

In a speech in California on 5 June, President Barack Obama said that the Affordable Care Act, his signature 2010 healthcare law, was already benefiting those Americans who had insurance and would soon make it possible for millions more “to buy quality, affordable care just like everybody else.”

For Americans with insurance the law provided a range of new consumer protections, including access to free preventive care and the opportunity to keep children on health insurance plans up to the age of 26, a provision that had extended coverage to over six million …
Scientists Closer To Using Alpha-Particle-Emitting Isotopes as Cancer Treatment
Authors: C. Vanchieri
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Scientists Closer To Using Alpha-Particle-Emitting Isotopes as Cancer Treatment Get access Cori Vanchieri Cori Vanchieri Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 21, 7 November 1990, Pages 1666–1667, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.21.1666 Published: 07 November 1990
Globalisation spurs migration of healthcare workers from poor nations
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Globalisation has made it easier for rich nations to “pull in” skilled migrants such as healthcare workers from poor nations, says a report from the International Organization for Migration, which promotes humane and orderly migration. Such migrants include a large number from sub-Saharan Africa, the region with the greatest shortage of healthcare personnel, and the trend is unlikely to abate, the report says.

“Their [rich countries’] ability to offer higher pay, better working conditions and greater opportunities in safer environments will continue to pull foreign health workers until supply exceeds demand,” says the report.

It says that the search for employment is at the heart of most migration and concludes that pressures “are set to increase.”

There are “more than 200 million international migrants in the world today, two and a half times the number in 1965,” it says, and most countries are now simultaneously countries of origin, transit, and destination.

Nearly a quarter of foreign trained doctors in countries of …
Aversion Conditioning Treatment of Alcoholism
Authors: RUDOLPH HOLZINGER, RAY MORTIMER, WILSON VAN DUSEN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

A pilot study of a single trial aversion conditioning to alcoholism using succinylcholine was carried out. The method used and the selection of the subjects followed closely that of the original investigators. We were unable to confirm their results. Our results were no better than we had been achieving in these subjects with no special treatment.
Radon exposure and cancers other than lung cancer in Swedish iron miners.
Authors: S C Darby, E P Radford, E Whitley
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Data are presented on the risks of cancers other than lung cancer in a cohort of iron miners from northern Sweden occupationally exposed to elevated levels of the radioactive gas radon. Compared with rates for the four northernmost counties of Sweden, mortality was increased for all cancers other than lung cancer (ratio of observed to expected deaths 1.21, 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.41), stomach cancer (ratio of observed to expected deaths 1.45, 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.98), and rectal cancer (ratio of observed to expected deaths 1.94, 95% confidence interval 1.03-3.31). Despite these overall increases, mortality was not significantly associated with cumulative exposure to radon, either for all cancers other than lung cancer or for any site of cancer other than lung cancer individually. However, the data from this cohort on its own have limited power; and for several sites of cancer the data in this study would be consistent with a radon-related increase. Further study of cancers other than lung cancer in populations exposed to radon is required.