tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rational Use of Theophylline for Bronchodilatation
Authors: Miles Weinberger, Sidney Riegelman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

A recent New England Journal of Medicine publication1 demonstrated the value of applying pharmacokinetic principles in the administration of intravenous theophylline. Other data2 have shown further the importance of such pharmacokinetic principles and demonstrated the need for oral doses ranging from 400 to 3200 mg per day to maintain therapeutic serum concentrations of 10 to 20 μg per milliliter. This range of doses was a result of wide variations in metabolic degradation processes among the adult patients studied, half-lives after intravenous administration ranging from 181 to 571 minutes. Degradation rates are equally variable among children but apparently distributed about a . . .
FISTULOUS ESCAPE OF LIGATURES AFTER PELVIC OPERATIONS.Read in the Section of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women at the Forty-first Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held in Nashville, Tenn., May, 1890.
Authors: MARIE B. WERNER
Journal: JAMA (1890)

As the science of abdominal surgery advances, we feel it is not a report of successful operations alone that establishes a reputation, but the number of absolute cures makes the successful surgeon. Since the days of Listerism, when Lister first laid down the rules for antisepsis, which in turn gave birth to the crowning aid to surgery, thorough asepsis, the rate of mortality has diminished in a remarkable manner. The number of abdominal sections for various lesions increased, and with the number of recoveries the dread for such surgery was diminished. Those earnestly engaged in effecting lasting cures, soon began to see that it was not always recovery from an operation which meant a cure. The patient was not safely landed; fistulæ, secondary adhesions, painful stumps, or unfinished operations, marked the shoals upon which the hopes for an entire recovery might be wrecked; like the successful navigator, it becomes
Blood S-adenosylmethionine concentrations and lymphocyte methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity in diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Lionel A. Poirier, Aliza T. Brown, Louis M. Fink, Carolyn K. Wise, Carol J. Randolph, Robert R. Delongchamp, Vivian A. Fonseca
Journal: Metabolism (2001)
Canalicular stenosis secondary to weekly versus every-3-weeks docetaxel in patients with metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Bita Esmaeli, Gabriel N Hortobagyi, Francisco J Esteva, Daniel Booser, M.Amir Ahmadi, Edgardo Rivera, Rebecca Arbuckle, Ebrahim Delpassand, Laura Guerra, Vicente Valero
Journal: Ophthalmology (2002)
Surveillance for infectious diseases in the European Union
Authors: L. R Petersen, M. Catchpole
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Education and debate p 861 

In 1998 a spirited debate over how to organise surveillance for infectious diseases in the European Union culminated in the decision by the European parliament and council to create a scheme for a decentralised network rather than build a large central European surveillance centre.1–3 According to the scheme, institutions in member states receive funding to organise European surveillance for one or more related infectious pathogens. Using an approach based on hazard analysis and critical control points, MacLehose and colleagues (p 861) studied how these national networks functioned in five international outbreaks.4 They identified seven common critical control points and concluded that the networking approach was successful but needed augmentation under a framework of improving existing organisational, financial, and legal uncertainties.

An important contributor to the networks' success is the high level of participation by the national public health institutes, probably in part because these institutions have had a role in running the networks. The networks' start up costs have been low, because existing …
Brief Potentially Ictal Rhythmic Discharges in Critically Ill Adults
Authors: Ji Yeoun Yoo, Nishi Rampal, Ognen A. Petroff, Lawrence J. Hirsch, Nicolas Gaspard
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Brief potentially ictal rhythmic discharges, termed B(I)RDs, have been described mainly in neonates, and their significance in adults remains unclear.To describe the incidence of B(I)RDs in critically ill patients and investigate their association with seizures and outcome.We reviewed the records of prospectively identified patients with B(I)RDs and patients serving as controls matched for age (±5 years) and primary diagnosis.The prevalence of seizures during continuous electroencephalography and functional outcome, as measured by the Glasgow Outcome Scale, were determined.We identified B(I)RDs in 20 patients (2%). The pattern most often consisted of very brief (1-3 seconds) runs of sharply contoured theta activity without obvious evolution. All patients with B(I)RDs had cerebral injury, and in cases with a single focal lesion (11 [55%]), B(I)RDs were localized in the same region in all but 2 cases (18%). Patients with B(I)RDs were more likely to have seizures during continuous electroencephalography than were patients without B(I)RDs (15 of 20 [75%] vs 10 of 40 [25%]; P < .001), and 9 patients with B(I)RDs (60%) had only subclinical seizures. Brief potentially ictal rhythmic discharges were identified before seizures in all but 1 case (93%) and ceased in all 12 cases (80%) in which seizures were controlled. Patients with B(I)RDs tended to have a worse outcome than controls (16 [80%] vs 25 [63%]); however, this finding was not statistically significant.Brief potentially ictal rhythmic discharges in critically ill patients are associated with a high prevalence (75%) of electrographic seizures and might serve as an early predictor of seizures during subsequent monitoring. A larger prospective study is needed to better understand their clinical and prognostic significance.
Lyme borreliosis in transgenic mice tolerant to Borrelia burgdorferi OspA or B.
Authors: E Fikrig, H Tao, M Chen, S W Barthold, R A Flavell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

The evolution of Lyme borreliosis in transgenic mice tolerant to Borrelia burgdorferi outer surface proteins (Osps) A or B was assessed to investigate the role of immunity to OspA or B in infection and pathogenesis of Lyme disease. Antibodies to OspA or B protect immunocompetent C3H/HeJ or C.B.17 severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice from challenge with B. burgdorferi. Moreover, arthritis in infected C3H mice resolves with the rise of high titers of B. burgdorferi specific antibodies, including OspA and B, whereas disease persists in scid mice--suggesting that the regression of arthritis may be due to the development of borreliacidal OspA or B antibodies. To evaluate the course of Lyme borreliosis in OspA or B tolerant mice we developed transgenic mice that expressed OspA or B under control of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I promoter. Mice carrying OspA or B transgenes on a C3H/HeJ (C3H, disease-susceptible) or C57BL/6 (B6, disease-resistant) background, immunized with OspA or B, did not mount a humoral or cellular immune response to OspA or B, respectively, but responded normally to other B. burgdorferi antigens. The evolution of Lyme borreliosis, including infection and the development of arthritis and carditis, was similar in transgenic and nontransgenic littermates suggesting that an OspA or B immune response is not singularly involved in either the genesis or regression of Lyme disease in C3H or B6 mice.
STUDY OF AN ANAEROBIC STREPTOCOCCUS
Authors: C. E. Jenkins
Journal: BMJ (1927)

TAEMATURIA FOLLOWING INSULIN INJECTIONS.[IMBRJloUvAL 231 wound around the pedicle of the volvulus and was free from constriction.The entire jejunum and ileum were implicated in the volvulus.They.presented an extraordinary appearance, being deeply cyanosed, quite collapsed and empty, and massed into a compact bunch, which depended freelv from the narrow pedicle of the superior mesenteric axis.The mass of congested, collapsed bowel could be most accurately likened to a conglomeration of bluish earthworms.The mass was rotated in an anti-clockwise direction through about 360 degrees.A few light, recent adhesions were present about the constricted portion of the duodenum; these were readily separated and permitted the organ to come into its natural position behind the meseniter-ic r oot.So -soon as the constriction of the duodenum was relieved by untwisting the volvulus, the gaseous and fluid contents of the dilated stomach and upper duodenum passed rapidly down thie jejunum and had entered the ileum before the bowels could be returned to the abdomen.Since the infant was seriously ill from four days of acute duodenal obstruction it was thought utnwise to prolong the operation by fixing the repfaced intestine.s.It was hoped that this would occur naturally in the course of post-natal development.The abdomen was closed.The operationi had been a very easy *and rapid one.Progrc.s.-No further vomiting occurred, and the infant took the bottle well within three hours of opetation.An uninter- rupted convalescence ensued and she was discharged from hos- pital on the fourteenth day.She has been seen at riegular intervals since.She has progressed quite normally; there has been no vomiting, no evidence of abdominal pain, anid a steady gain ill weight.At the last report (November 23rd, 1926) the child appears a particular ly robust little girl of 6 months, weighing T Iregard this case with peculiar satisfaction, as it repre- sents to me the outcome of former embryological and pathological researches in practical dia.gnlosis and( operative| cure.
Hemiparesis and Cervical Spondylosis-Reply
Authors: Eliot M. Wallack
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The precise cause of the myelopathy associated with cervical spondylosis is not known. Protruded discs, osteophyte formation, spinal canal narrowing, and zygapophyseal joint degeneration have all been pathologically described in cervical spondylosis, yet the relative roles of each of these findings in the production of clinical signs is unknown in the majority of cases.<sup>1</sup>Since the basic pathophysiologic process is in doubt, it is therefore difficult to explain how either one or a combination of degenerative changes could unilaterally affect the corticospinal tract in the cervical cord. We did not intend to suggest that paramedian disc protrusion was the sole cause of the myelopathy but rather that this may have been a contributing factor because of the striking unilateral nature of the signs. In addition to narrowed intervertebral spaces, the roentgenograms in case 1 were felt to show substantial sclerotic changes of the vertebral margins as well
A former colleague?
Authors: Gordon Shepherd
Journal: BMJ (2007)

“I am sorry, but he does not speak English,” his wife said at the breakfast table. I had approached to ask him if we had worked together. I apologised and left our London hotel to walk to the conference on a bright and cool autumn morning. I scolded myself for being a stupid old fool (“It was 25 years ago, man”) and forgot about him for the rest of the day as academia …
A serine elastase inhibitor reduces inflammation and fibrosis and preserves cardiac function after experimentally-induced murine myocarditis
Authors: Jong K. Lee, Syed H. E. Zaidi, Peter Liu, Fayez Dawood, Alexander Y. L.Cheah, Wen-Hu Wen, Yuriko Saiki, Marlene Rabinovitch
Journal: Nature Medicine (1998)
Mice lacking Mrp3 (Abcc3) have normal bile salt transport, but altered hepatic transport of endogenous glucuronides
Authors: Noam Zelcer, Koen van de Wetering, Rudi de Waart, George L. Scheffer, Hanns-Ulrich Marschall, Peter R. Wielinga, Annemieke Kuil, Cindy Kunne, Alexander Smith, Martin van der Valk, Jan Wijnholds, Ronald Oude Elferink, Piet Borst
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)
Arterial Homografts for Peripheral Arteriosclerotic Occlusive Disease
Authors: MICHAEL E. DE BAKEY, E. STANLEY CRAWFORD, OSCAR CREECH, DENTON A. COOLEY
Journal: Circulation (1957)

Sympathectomy and thrombo-endarterectomy have been largely unsatisfactory in the treatment of patients with arterial insufficiency of the lower extremities. In this paper the results are analyzed of a large experience with the use of lyophilized arterial homografts to bridge occlusive lesions below the aortic bifurcation. The criteria for selection of patients for operation, the simplified procedure of end-to-side by-pass of the obstruction, and the excellent results in 145 operations are presented.
A hazard of apple-eating.
Authors: T Havland, G Frithz
Journal: BMJ (1976)

dietary anaemia.She previously had a history of vague epigastric pain after meals.Her condition generally deteriorated and nausea and anorexia became predominant symptoms.Four days after admission to a geriatric unit she vomited 70 plastic matrices of her Ferrogradumet C tablets, with immediate relief of her symptoms.
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) is stored in Weibel-Palade bodies in human endothelial cells both in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Denise Huber, Elisabeth M. Cramer, Jocelyne E. Kaufmann, Paolo Meda, Jean-Marc Massé, Egbert K. O. Kruithof, Ulrich M. Vischer
Journal: Blood (2002)
Ultrasound Catheter Probe Detection of Appendiceal Mucocele
Authors: K. Akahoshi, Y. Mizukami, S. Yoshinaga, M. Oya, T. Nagaie
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Figure 1 Colonoscopy on a 70-year-old man revealed a semipedunculated mass arising from the appendiceal orifice. The tumor was smooth and glossy and was covered with almost normal colonic mucosa; a depression in the top of the tumor was identified as the ostium of the vermiform appendix.
Late mortality in elderly patients surviving acute peptic ulcer bleeding.
Authors: N Hudson, G Faulkner, S J Smith, M J Langman, C J Hawkey, R F Logan
Journal: Gut (1995)

Acute peptic ulcer bleeding is associated with a substantial short term mortality but it is generally assumed that in the modern era of effective medical treatment the longer term prognosis is good. This study evaluated 487 patients aged over 60 years who were discharged from Nottingham University and City Hospitals after admission for acute peptic ulcer bleeding during 1986-91 and 480 age and sex matched community controls. Follow up information was obtained from hospital and general practitioner records and from the National Health Service central register. Mortality was compared with control mortality and with rates expected for England and Wales. During a mean follow up of 34 months 142 (29%) of 487 patients died compared with 58 (12%) of 480 community controls and with 81.5 deaths expected (observed/expected (O/E) = 1.74, 95% confidence limits (CL) 1.5 to 2.1). Six years after admission the actuarial survival estimate was only 50% for ulcer patients compared with 76% for community controls and 69% expected. The increased mortality was similar in men and women and was greatest in the 60-74 year age group. Much of the excess mortality was accounted for by deaths from cancer (O/E 34/19.7 = 1.73; CL 1.2 to 2.4), from respiratory disease (O/E 28/10.9 = 2.57; CL 1.7 to 3.7), and in men from vascular disease (O/E 31/22.4 = 1.38; CL 0.9 to 2.0). Eight deaths resulted from recurrent ulcer complications and four deaths from gastric cancers undetected at the index admission. In conclusion, patients discharged after peptic ulcer bleeding had a substantially reduced life expectancy. The increased mortality was predominantly due to a variety of smoking related diseases rather than recurrent peptic ulcer complications. Deaths from recurrent peptic ulcer complications were infrequent and were less than reported in earlier years possibly reflecting prolonged and widespread used of H2 receptor antagonists.
New law forces Italian couple with genetic disease to implant all their IVF embryos
Authors: Fabio Turone
Journal: BMJ (2004)

An Italian judge ordered a sterile couple to transfer all the embryos obtained with assisted reproduction techniques, despite the fact that both would-be parents carry the recessive gene for β thalassaemia, wanted a preimplant diagnosis, and would not keep a child born with the condition.

The law, approved early this year ( BMJ 2004;328: 9), bans both freezing and destroying embryos, limits to three the number of oocytes that can be fertilised, and states that all the created embryos must be transferred. It also restricts the use of assisted reproduction techniques to sterile couples.

But the law does not affect the legislation allowing abortion in …
Endotoxin and cytokines decrease serum levels and extra hepatic protein and mRNA levels of cholesteryl ester transfer protein in syrian hamsters.
Authors: I Hardardóttir, A H Moser, J Fuller, C Fielding, K Feingold, C Grünfeld
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Endotoxin alters the metabolism of lipoproteins, including that of high density lipoprotein (HDL). Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) facilitates exchange of HDL cholesterol for very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride, leading to catabolism of HDL. We investigated the effects of endotoxin and cytokines on CETP in Syrian hamsters. Endotoxin induced a rapid and progressive decrease in serum CETP levels, by 48 h CETP had decreased to < 20% of control levels. Endotoxin also decreased CETP mRNA and protein levels in adipose tissue, heart, and muscle, the tissues with highest levels of CETP mRNA, providing a plausible mechanism for the endotoxin-induced decrease in circulating CETP. Dexamethasone did not mimic the effects of endotoxin on CETP, but the combination of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 did, indicating that these cytokines may in part mediate the effects of endotoxin on CETP. The endotoxin-induced decrease in CETP may help maintain HDL cholesterol levels during infection and inflammation when increased triglyceride levels could drive the exchange of HDL cholesteryl ester for VLDL triglyceride. Maintaining circulating HDL may be important because HDL protects against the toxic effects of endotoxin and provides cholesterol for peripheral cells involved in the immune response and tissue repair.
Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake Measured by Positron Emission Tomography and Standardized Uptake Value Predicts Long-Term Survival of CT Screening Detected Lung Cancer in Heavy Smokers
Authors: Ugo Pastorino, Claudio Landoni, Alfonso Marchianò, Elisa Calabrò, Gabriella Sozzi, Rosalba Miceli, Maria Picchio, Luigi Mariani, Cristina Messa, Ferruccio Fazio
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Surgical Diagnosis of "Chronic Pancreatitis" and Chronic Relapsing Pancreatitis
Authors: M. A. Birnstingl
Journal: BMJ (1959)

It is also of importance to know that these syndromes may be caused by diseases of the kidney such as renal tubular osteomalacia (vitamin-D-resistant osteomalacia), renal acidosis, and idiopathic hypercalciuria.Prolonged treatment with corticotrophin and cortisone may cause not only osteoporosis, but also osteomalacia.The calcium loading test is of great value in the differentiation between osteoporosis and osteomalacia.The various causes of osteomalacia should be taken into account if rational treatment is to be given.A diet rich not only in vitamin D but also calcium (milk and buttermilk) is indicated in vitamin-D deficiency, or in the case of deficient absorption.Gluten-free food is of importance in non-tropical sprue." A.T.1O " has proved to be of great value in renal tubular osteomalacia.Prophylactic treatment with vitamin D *and calcium is recommended in all cases of non-tropical sprue and of chronic pancreatitis, and in pregnancy.With vitamin-D treatment care should always be taken to avoid vitamin-D intoxication.Constant attention should therefore be given to the initial manifestations of this condition, among which are polyuria, polydipsia, anorexia, and vomiting.Investigations in our clinic have shown that, in combination with polyuria, an increase in urinary calcium excretion probably occurs even before a rise in blood calcium level is observed.
Effect of altered CH2-associated carbohydrate structure on the functional properties and in vivo fate of chimeric mouse-human immunoglobulin G1.
Authors: A Wright, S L Morrison
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules are glycosylated in CH2 at Asn297; the N-linked carbohydrates attached there have been shown to contribute to antibody (Ab) stability and various effector functions. The carbohydrate attached to the IgG constant region is a complex biantennary structure. Alterations in the structure of oligosaccharide have been associated with human diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. To study the effects of altered carbohydrate structure on Ab effector function, we have used gene transfection techniques to produce mouse-human chimeric IgG1 Abs in the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line Lec 1, which is incapable of processing the high-mannose intermediate through the terminal glycosylation steps. We also produced IgG1 Abs in Pro-5, the wild-type CHO cell line that is the parent of Lec 1. The Pro-5-produced Ab (IgG1-Pro-5) was similar to IgG1-My 1, a myeloma-produced IgG1 Ab of the same specificity, in its biologic properties such as serum half-life, ability to effect complement-mediated cytolysis, and affinity for Fc gamma RI. Although the Lec 1-produced Ab, IgG1-Lec 1, was properly assembled and retained antigen specificity, it was incapable of complement-mediated hemolysis and was substantially deficient in complement consumption, C1q binding, and C1 activation. IgG1-Lec 1 also showed reduced but significant affinity for Fc gamma R1 receptors. The in vivo half-life of IgG1-Lec 1 was shorter than that of either the myeloma- or Pro-5-produced counterpart, with more being cleared during the alpha-phase and with more rapid clearance during the beta-phase. Clearance of IgG1-Lec 1 could be inhibited by the administration of yeast-derived mannan. Thus the uptake of IgG1-Lec 1 appears to be accelerated by the presence of terminally mannosylated oligosaccharide. Therefore, certain Ab functions as well as the in vivo fate of the protein are dramatically affected by altered carbohydrate structure. Expression of Igs in cell lines with defined glycosylation mutations is shown to be a useful technique for investigating the contribution of carbohydrate structure to Ab function.
Yellow Fever Initiative
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2007)

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A Small-Molecule Inhibitor of BCL6 Kills DLBCL Cells In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Leandro C. Cerchietti, Alexandru F. Ghetu, Xiao Zhu, Gustavo F. Da Silva, Shijun Zhong, Marilyn Matthews, Karen L. Bunting, Jose M. Polo, Christophe Farès, Cheryl H. Arrowsmith, Shao Ning Yang, Monica Garcia, Andrew Coop, Alexander D. MacKerell, Gilbert G. Privé, Ari Melnick
Journal: Cancer Cell (2010)