tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The putative role of endogenous and exogenous opiates in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: S Collins
Journal: Gut (2006)

The mu opioid receptor (MOR) is upregulated in inflammatory bowel disease, prompting consideration of the development of selective MOR agonists for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

The paper by Philippe and colleagues1 in this issue of Gut provides new insight into the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (see page 815) . It also offers a new line of potential therapy for these diseases. The paper demonstrates the upregulation of μ opioid receptors (MOR) in inflamed tissue from patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, and localises the upregulation, at least in part, to lamina propria mononuclear cells, including CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. The paper also shows that a MOR agonist DALDA reduced the secretion of the important proinflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) from colonic tissue from IBD and control subjects. The study was a logical extension of previous work by the same authors showing that the MOR agonist DALDA reduced inflammation in two murine models of experimental colitis and that mice genetically deficient in the MOR were highly susceptible to induction of inflammation in the gut.2 Taken together, these findings not only demonstrate the therapeutic potential of drugs that target the MOR in IBD, but also that endogenous opiate may confer a measure of protection against inflammation. …
P590The NO-donor SNAP exerts cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury in human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: J Paloczi, Z Varga V, A Apati, N Szebenyi, B Sarkadi, R Madonna, T Csont, P Ferdinandy, A Gorbe
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Drug screening platforms based on human stem cell (hESC)-derived cardiomyocytes can be used for screening of potential cardiocytoprotective agents. However, little is known on their behavior in simulated ischemia/reperfusion conditions. In this study we tested the cytoprotective effect of the NO-donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP) and the particulate guanylate cyclase activator brain type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in hESCs differentiated to early cardiac lineage stage or to cardiomyocytes exposed to simulated ischemia/reperfusion injury. In the first set of experiments, hESC differentiated to early cardiac lineage cells were exposed to 150 min simulated ischemia in the presence of the NO-donor SNAP (10; 1; 0.1 μM), BNP (100; 10; 1 nM), and the non-specific NO synthase inhibitor Nω-Nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 10 μM). As a control experiment, other series of early cardiac lineage cells were maintained in normoxic condition for 150 min. All cells were subjected to simulated reperfusion for 120 min and viability was assessed by propidium iodine staining similarly to simulated ischemic groups. SNAP (at 10; 1 μM) significantly attenuated simulated ischemia/reperfusion-induced cell death of hESCs differentiated to early cardiac lineage, as compared to vehicle. However, simulated ischemia/reperfusion-induced cell death was not affected by BNP or by L-NNA. In separate experiments, the cardiocytoprotective effect of SNAP was also proven (at 1 μM) in hESC-derived cardiomyocytes, when cells were subjected to simulated ischemia/reperfusion. We conclude that SNAP but not BNP protects hESCs differentiated to either early cardiac lineage or to cardiomyocytes against simulated ischemia/reperfusion injury. The present hESC-derived cardiomyocyte-based screening platform is a useful tool for discovery of cardiocytoprotective molecules and their cellular mechanisms.
HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE AND CHOLESTERIN
Authors: I. Harris, I. J. Lipkin
Journal: BMJ (1930)

HIGH BLOD PRESSURE AND CHOLESTERIN.[m BiJ 587ieck, anid trunk than on the limbs, and consisted of closely packed but discrete crescentic and irregular macules, slhowinig inniiumerable typical bright red papules, many of which werce di.stinctly petechial.This necessarily produced a considerable variety of colours, and as he was a big matn, with a very long anid broad back, the total effect of this large mass of brillianit colouring was unusually striking.Pr ognosis was difficult.Measles at 57 years of age is quite outside one's experience.It seemed jutst possible that as this (lisease gives rise to the more severe bronlchial complications in inifancy it might also be more serious in this respect in tlle later years of life, especially in a per soni already suibject to bronchitis.As, lowever, the pulse was onily 88, anid there wore nio signs of lerious toxaeniia, anid as by this, the eiglhth 1day, the fever had probably reached it.sheight, it seemed likely that the niext few hours would bring a general improveenmet.The only point of loubt was as to the possible extensioni of bronchial trouible.Our anxietv about this, however, was unnecessary, for in a few hours hie begani to improve, anid after tbat conitilnuied to make an initer-rupted recovery.It is interesting to surimise hlow anid whlere lie becallme
India's AIDS control programme is unsatisfactory
Authors: Z Imam
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The number of people identified as HIV-seropositive in India increased by 25% in the past year and the number of people with AIDS (PWA) has doubled. Official figures point to the existence of 15,000 HIV-seropositive individuals and 559 PWAs, but their true numbers are most probably underestimated. Health minister Shankranand has publicly acknowledged that the national AIDS control program is not going well. The program budget for AIDS control over the period 1992-97, however, is being underspent by 14-32% in most states. It is clear that sex education in schools needs to be improved and that the main transmission routes of blood transfusion, heterosexual contact, and the use of infected needles by drug users must be thwarted. Although the incorporation of blood from professional donors into transfusion supplies has contributed to the incidence of HIV infection in the country, the shortage of facilities for detecting HIV has made it impossible to effectively check all professional blood donors. Only 180 of 1018 blood banks have the necessary testing facilities in an environment plagued with a blood supply shortfall of 21 million bottles. Truck drivers on national highway routes who frequently visit prostitution areas in Delhi and Bombay also contribute to the incidence of HIV infection. It is noted in closing that voluntary organizations are trying to educate target groups to practice safe sex by using condoms and that the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has decided to improve the quality of condoms.
Donor-derived CD19-targeted T cells cause regression of malignancy persisting after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: James N. Kochenderfer, Mark E. Dudley, Robert O. Carpenter, Sadik H. Kassim, Jeremy J. Rose, William G. Telford, Frances T. Hakim, David C. Halverson, Daniel H. Fowler, Nancy M. Hardy, Anthony R. Mato, Dennis D. Hickstein, Juan C. Gea-Banacloche, Steven Z. Pavletic, Claude Sportes, Irina Maric, Steven A. Feldman, Brenna G. Hansen, Jennifer S. Wilder, Bazetta Blacklock-Schuver, Bipulendu Jena, Michael R. Bishop, Ronald E. Gress, Steven A. Rosenberg
Journal: Blood (2013)
How to Survive Peer Review
Authors: Timothy B L Ho
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Peer review is considered a fundamental tenet of scientific publication. The ambitions of many an author depend on it; yet little is formally taught about the process. Advice tends to be anecdotal and highly subjective. Wagner, Godlee and Jefferson, three experienced editors in scientific publishing, have written a concise and often witty guide to peer review in six chapters. Their advice is directed not only to those on the receiving end but also to peer reviewers themselves—an acknowledgment that faults occur on both sides. I found two chapters particularly interesting. The first is the title chapter, which deals with overcoming peer review related to journal publication, conference abstract submission and grant application. It offers a didactic checklist for the aspiring author to follow, starting with advice on how to choose your journal. This is the kind of information that you might otherwise acquire through bitter experience or from a colleague who has successfully published. The chapter then goes on to outline the various ways a journal may respond to your paper after peer review—rejection, acceptance, conditional acceptance—and how you cope with these.

Throughout this guide, summary boxes reinforce the ideas being presented. The novel aspect to these boxes is the use of irony. For instance, one box is titled ‘How to ensure that your paper is rejected’, with eighteen suggestions to irritate the editor. These include ‘on no account read the instructions to authors’ and ‘insert figures and tables into the text as the whim takes you’. The summary box on how not to get your abstract published has similar bulleted suggestions, including ‘pick the conference solely by the exotic destination’ and ‘prepare your abstract on your aunt's ancient typewriter’. The other chapter which I particularly enjoyed was on informal peer review. This includes asking a colleague (usually your boss) for an opinion on a piece of written material, and also advice on how to provide constructive criticism when asked. The summary box on how not to carry out informal peer review is worth the price of the book itself and will ring bells with anybody who has had to submit a thesis. Examples are ‘phrase your corrections with as much emotion as possible’, ‘sound increasingly exasperated as you progress through the manuscript’, ‘act on the basis of ignorance’ and ‘hold your prejudices to the fore’.

I must point out that this book is not frivolous but uses irony to make its points. Easily read in an evening, it provides an excellent and amusing introduction to peer review.
Tunneled catheters' outcome optimization among diabetics on dialysis through antibiotic-lock placement
Authors: A.K. Saxena, B.R. Panhotra, D.S. Sundaram, A. Al-Hafiz, M. Naguib, C.K. Venkateshappa, B.A. Abu-Oun, S.M.N. Hussain, A.M.A.-A. Al Ghamdi
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
SCID Continues to Point the Way
Authors: E W Gelfand
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

IN 1950 Glanzmann and Riniker described a new disease in two pairs of siblings and called it essentielle lymphocytophthise.1 These infants died of an intractable illness characterized by diarrhea, candidiasis, lymphopenia, and a striking diminution of lymphatic tissue. By the early 1960s more than 30 cases had been described, and the number of names for the disease almost equaled the number of cases.Over the past three decades this syndrome — now termed severe combined immunodeficiency, or SCID — has been recognized to include a spectrum of X-linked and autosomal genetic defects characterized by the inability to mount normal . . .
Shear stress elevates endothelial cGMP. Role of a potassium channel and G protein coupling.
Authors: M Ohno, G H Gibbons, V J Dzau, J P Cooke
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND The endothelium acts as the sensor of shear stress and as the mediator of flow-induced changes in vessel tone and structure. The purpose of this study was to delineate the signal transduction pathway of flow-induced release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). METHODS AND RESULTS We used a shear stress apparatus (a modified cone-plate viscometer) to expose cultured endothelial cells to a well-defined laminar fluid flow. Confluent bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) were subjected to varying levels of shear stress, and intracellular cyclic GMP (cGMP) in the BAECs was measured by radioimmunoassay. After 60 seconds of laminar fluid flow, BAEC cGMP increased by 300% from basal levels (from 0.54 to 1.70 pmol/mg protein, P &lt; 0.05). The elevation in intracellular cGMP was proportional to the intensity of shear stress within a physiological range up to 40 dynes/cm2. This increase in cGMP was abrogated by L-N-methyl-arginine (the competitive antagonist of nitric oxide [NO] synthase), indicating that the flow-induced activation of soluble guanylate cyclase was mediated by autocrine NO production. Furthermore, a potassium channel antagonist, tetraethylammonium ion (TEA [3 mmol/L]) and a G(i) or G(o) protein inhibitor, pertussis toxin (100 ng/mL) also blocked the flow-induced increase in cGMP. By contrast, calcium ionophore or atrial natriuretic peptide caused elevations of cGMP that were not affected by TEA or pertussis toxin. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that shear stress elevates endothelial cGMP via an NO-dependent mechanism. The effect of shear stress is mediated by a unique signal transduction pathway that is coupled to a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein and that requires the activity of an endothelial potassium channel.
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type 1
Authors: Oliver Guttmann, Victoria Wykes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

An otherwise healthy and functional 35-year-old man had an undisplaced fracture of the right fifth metacarpal neck after a fall. He presented 21 months later with pain, extensive swelling (Panels A and B), and loss of function in his right hand up to the middle third of his upper arm. On physical examination, there was nonpitting edema, hair loss, allodynia, and vasomotor instability, with increased temperature, sweating, and erythema. These changes had developed since the initial fracture and had progressed slowly. Radiologic studies showed that the fracture had healed (Panel C). Computed tomography of the chest showed axillary lymphadenopathy that . . .
Molecular and clinical features of the myeloproliferative neoplasm associated with JAK2 exon 12 mutations
Authors: Francesco Passamonti, Chiara Elena, Susanne Schnittger, Radek C. Skoda, Anthony R. Green, François Girodon, Jean-Jacques Kiladjian, Mary Frances McMullin, Marco Ruggeri, Carles Besses, Alessandro M. Vannucchi, Eric Lippert, Heinz Gisslinger, Elisa Rumi, Thomas Lehmann, Christina A. Ortmann, Daniela Pietra, Cristiana Pascutto, Torsten Haferlach, Mario Cazzola
Journal: Blood (2011)
ETIOLOGY OF ALCOHOLIC INEBRIETY
Authors: L. D. MASON
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CENTRAL SOCIETY FOR CLINICAL RESEARCH
Authors: Lawrence D. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hepatitis C vaccines: Inducing and challenging memory T cells
Authors: Masaaki Shiina, Barbara Rehermann
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Three percent of the world's population is chronically infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and at risk of developing liver cancer. Effective cellular immune responses are deemed essential for spontaneous resolution of acute hepatitis C and long-term protection. Here we describe a new T-cell HCV genetic vaccine capable of protecting chimpanzees from acute hepatitis induced by challenge with heterologous virus. Suppression of acute viremia in vaccinated chimpanzees occurred as a result of massive expansion of peripheral and intrahepatic HCV-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes that cross-reacted with vaccine and virus epitopes. These findings show that it is possible to elicit effective immunity against heterologous HCV strains by stimulating only the cellular arm of the immune system, and suggest a path for new immunotherapy against highly variable human pathogens like HCV, HIV or malaria, which can evade humoral responses.
High potency factor VIII concentrates.
Authors: E. E. Mayne
Journal: BMJ (1992)

are not itemised and not for debate may drive person responsible for the preregistration year in address this issue and to plan prospective trials.industrial support elsewhere in Europe and to this medical school, I know that consultants are These trials will also incorporate regimens for other countries, concerned that some graduates have difficulty in planned prophylaxis and an appraisal of the inci- P GRIFFIN completing their year as a house officer.These dence of factor VIII antibodies.Concern has F 0 WELLS doctors' undergraduate records often show the been expressed that treatment with monoclonally Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industrv, signs of impending disaster.The arguments for derived high purity products is associated with an London SWIA 2DY~~~~~~~~~their continuing the course are as Kelly outlined; tncreased incidence of inhibitors.-D SWALES when they are challenged to account for their There remains the question whether highAssciaionof lincalProessrs f Mdicne B ANES poor performance they give many reasons, but purity factor VIII prevents down regulation of the Departmenit of Medicine, how seriously is their commitment to medicine immune system.Evidence of benefit continues to St George's Hospital, questioned?accumulate, as indicated recently by de Biasi et al.
Clinical and immunological effects of low‐dose IFN‐<i>α</i> treatment in patients with corticosteroid‐resistant asthma
Authors: H.‐U. Simon, H. Seelbach, R. Ehmann, M. Schmitz
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: Interferon (IFN)‐ α is a cytokine that possesses potent anti‐viral and immunoregulatory activities. We aimed to assess clinical and immunological effects of low‐dose IFN‐ α in patients with severe corticosteroid‐resistant asthma with and without Churg–Strauss syndrome. There is currently no efficient pharmacological treatment available for this group of patients. Methods: We studied 10 patients with corticosteroid‐resistant asthma, in which 3×10 6 IU/day IFN‐ α were administrated in addition to the prednisone dose given already before introduction of the cytokine therapy. The prednisone dose was gradually reduced dependent on the clinical situation and used as a clinical readout to evaluate the efficacy of the cytokine therapy. To distinguish between IFN‐ α ‐ and prednisone‐mediated immunological changes, the corticosteroid dose was kept constant for at least 2 weeks upon introduction of the cytokine therapy in seven patients. The effects of treatment on clinical and immunological parameters were measured at 2–4 weeks and 5–10 months depending on the availability of the patient. Results: Interferon‐ α treatment rapidly improved the clinical situation as assessed by lung function parameters and required prednisone dose. Important immunological changes included: decreased leukocyte numbers, increased relative numbers of CD4 + T cells, increased differentiation of T helper (Th)1 cells, and increased expression of interleukin (IL)‐10 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Conclusion: Interferon‐ α treatment was associated with dramatic improvements in the condition of patients with corticosteroid‐resistant asthma with and without Churg–Strauss syndrome. Potential mechanisms of action include the establishment of a correct Th1/Th2 balance and the induction of the anti‐inflammatory IL‐10 gene.
Circumpapillary Retinal Ridge in the Shaken-Baby Syndrome
Authors: Camille Hylton, Morton F Goldberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A five-month-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of uncontrollable seizures. Her father had shaken her vigorously, allegedly in an attempt to rescue her from a choking spell. A computed tomographic scan of her head revealed a right frontal subdural hematoma, left frontal and temporal subdural hematomas, an interhemispheric hemorrhage, a subarachnoid hemorrhage, and a right lambdoid diastasis. On ophthalmologic examination, the child appeared to fixate on but not to follow objects. The pupils were 5 mm in diameter and slowly reactive. There was no afferent pupillary defect. The results of extraocular motility and slit-lamp examinations were normal. The . . .
Prospective study of infantile haemangiomas: incidence, clinical characteristics and association with placental anomalies
Authors: A. Munden, R. Butschek, W.L. Tom, J. S. Marshall, D. M. Poeltler, S.E. Krohne, A.B. Alió, M. Ritter, D.F. Friedlander, V. Catanzarite, A. Mendoza, L. Smith, M. Friedlander, S. F. Friedlander
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

The aetiology and exact incidence of infantile haemangiomas (IHs) are unknown. Prior studies have noted immunohistochemical and biological characteristics shared by IHs and placental tissue.We investigated the possible association between placental anomalies and the development of IHs, as well as the demographic characteristics and other risk factors for IHs.Pregnant women (n = 578) were prospectively enrolled and their offspring followed for 9 months. Placental evaluations were performed and demographic data collected on all mother-infant pairs.We evaluated 594 infants: 34 haemangiomas [either IH or congenital (CH)] were identified in 29 infants, yielding an incidence of 4·5% for IH (27 infants) and 0·3% for CH (two infants). Placental anomalies were noted in almost 35% of haemangioma-related pregnancies, approximately twice the incidence noted in pregnancies with unaffected infants (P = 0·025). Other risk factors for IH included prematurity (P = 0·016) and low birth weight (P = 0·028). All IHs were present by 3 months of age, and cessation of growth had occurred in all by 9 months of age. Most occurred on the trunk. Of note, 20% of identified IHs were abortive or telangiectatic in nature, small focal lesions that did not proliferate beyond 3 months of age. Only one IH required intervention.This is the first prospective American study to document the incidence of IHs in infants followed from birth to early infancy. The association with placental anomalies was statistically significant. The overall incidence mirrors prior estimates, but the need for treatment was lower than previously reported.