tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Diagnosis and Medical Management of Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Gregory A. Kaltsas, G. Michael Besser, Ashley B. Grossman
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2004)

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) constitute a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that originate from endocrine glands such as the pituitary, the parathyroids, and the (neuroendocrine) adrenal, as well as endocrine islets within glandular tissue (thyroid or pancreatic) and cells dispersed between exocrine cells, such as endocrine cells of the digestive (gastroenteropancreatic) and respiratory tracts. Conventionally, NETs may present with a wide variety of functional or nonfunctional endocrine syndromes and may be familial and have other associated tumors. Assessment of specific or general tumor markers offers high sensitivity in establishing the diagnosis and can also have prognostic significance. Imaging modalities include endoscopic ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and particularly, scintigraphy with somatostatin analogs and metaiodobenzylguanidine. Successful treatment of disseminated NETs requires a multimodal approach; radical tumor surgery may be curative but is rarely possible. Well-differentiated and slow-growing gastroenteropancreatic tumors should be treated with somatostatin analogs or α-interferon, with chemotherapy being reserved for poorly differentiated and progressive tumors. Therapy with radionuclides may be used for tumors exhibiting uptake to a diagnostic scan, either after surgery to eradicate microscopic residual disease or later if conventional treatment or biotherapy fails. Maintenance of the quality of life should be a priority, particularly because patients with disseminated disease may experience prolonged survival.
Intracardiac Thrombi and Systemic Embolization
Authors: RICHARD S. MELTZER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Recent progress has been made in diagnosing and tracing the natural history of intracardiac thrombi by echocardiography. Left ventricular thrombi occur and cause emboli in three clinical conditions: acute myocardial infarction, left ventricular aneurysm as a sequel to infarction, and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Echocardiographic studies have shown that one third of patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction have left ventricular thrombi; only a small percentage of these patients have emboli. Administration of anticoagulants decreases the prevalence of left ventricular thrombi and the frequency of embolization in this group. Thrombi that are protruding and mobile are most likely to embolize. Anticoagulation treatment decreases the prevalence of embolization in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and should be instituted regardless of whether atrial or ventricular thrombi are detected by two-dimensional echocardiography. In patients with chronic left ventricular aneurysm, thrombi occur commonly, but emboli, infrequently. Therefore, data are insufficient to suggest that anticoagulation treatment is indicated, even if left ventricular thrombi are detected by two-dimensional echocardiography.
TREATMENT OF CHRONIC DISCOID LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS WITH INTRALESIOKAL TRIAMCINOLONE
Authors: N. R. ROWELL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1962)

Journal Article TREATMENT OF CHRONIC DISCOID LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS WITH INTRALESIOKAL TRIAMCINOLONE Get access N. R. ROWELL N. R. ROWELL Department of Dermatology, University of Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 74, Issue 10, 1 October 1962, Pages 354–357, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1962.tb15906.x Published: 01 October 1962
CHRONIC SYPHILITIC (?) GASTRITIS WITH TOTAL GASTRECTOMY AND PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
Authors: ALLAN K. POOLE
Journal: JAMA (1931)

This case is reported because of several interesting features. First, the type of gastric lesion is unusual; second, a total gastrectomy has been successful and the patient is still well after five years; third, the patient has developed pernicious anemia of a severe type, which has been successfully controlled. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3><h3>History.</h3> —Mrs. M. C., aged 37, white, American housewife, first appeared in the medical clinic, Oct. 12, 1925, complaining of vomiting, progressive weakness and loss of weight. She dated her illness back to a period one year before, at which time she complained of some epigastric discomfort, some eructations of gas, nausea and vomiting immediately after or within an hour after the ingestion of food. She had marked anorexia. These symptoms began in the early weeks of her last pregnancy but had continued since the delivery three months before. She had obtained no relief from medicines. She had
Peripheral-Arterial Surgery
Authors: Jesse E. Thompson, Wilson V. Garrett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Since the last Medical Progress report on peripheral-arterial surgery was published in 1969, the literature in this field has been expanding at an increasing pace. In addition to articles in periodicals,1 several textbooks2 3 4 5 have appeared, as have a number of monographs6 summarizing reports from various symposiums. Outlines of the overall picture of vascular surgery were sketched out long ago; the details are now being drawn in. New entities are being described, the natural history of vascular diseases is being elucidated, and long-term follow-up data are revealing the durability of vascular operations. Remote complications of vascular procedures are being observed, and . . .
Asthmatic and Normal Children
Authors: Alvin S. Baraff
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Osgood's semantic differential technique was used to explore differences between normal children and children with rapidly remitting or steroid-dependent asthma. Each subject rated four concepts: me, mother, father, and asthma (or illness for the normal subjects). Children with rapidly remitting asthma (compared to the normal children) had more differences and more reversals of direction in their judgments of pairs than did steroid-dependent subjects. Both the normal children and the children with steroid-dependent asthma seem to have a healthier perception of their fathers than do the children with rapidly remitting asthma. Differences between the asthmatic subgroups suggest that the total asthmatic population is not homogeneous, and treatment should be handled accordingly. Asthma in the rapidly remitting group may be a learned defensive technique, whereas in the steroid-dependent group it may be more physiologically based.
Asthma Guidelines
Authors: KEVIN C. DOERSCHUG, MICHAEL W. PETERSON, CHARLES S. DAYTON, JOEL N. KLINE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

In 1997 the NHLBI updated guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. We hypothesized that not all components of the updated guidelines are well understood by the physicians who care for asthmatics. To develop appropriate educational interventions that address areas of physician misunderstanding, it is important to identify these components. Based upon NHLBI guidelines, we developed a multiple-choice test of asthma knowledge that was distributed to physicians at the University of Iowa; 108 physicians completed the test, including 20 asthma specialists, 11 asthma specialty fellows, 11 General Medicine faculty, five Family Medicine faculty, 51 Internal Medicine residents, and five Family Medicine residents. The mean correct total score for all physicians was 60 +/- 2% (mean +/- SEM). Asthma specialists scored higher in total score and in pharmacology and prevention. However, no group performed well on estimating disease severity. We further identified deficits in the use of spirometry and anti-inflammatory agents in caring for asthmatic patients. Thus, deficits exist in physician understanding and implementation of the NHLBI guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. By identifying specific areas of misunderstanding, we can design better educational interventions. Clearly, educational programs should emphasize new models for estimating chronic disease severity.
A comparison of the effects of 5- and 6-hydroxydopamine on the isolated canine saphenous vein.
Authors: M R Goldberg, P J Kadowitz
Journal: Circulation Research (1978)

We studied and compared the effects of 5- and 6-hydroxydopamine (5- or 6-OHDA) on venous tone and on adrenergic and nonadrenergic responses of the isolated canine saphenous vein. In the tissue bath, both 5- and 6-OHDA caused increases in tone and abolished adrenergic responses to transmural nerve stimulation. Effects of 6-OHDA were blocked by desmethylimipramine. 6-OHDA reduced norepinephrine levels of venous strips to 15% of those in control strips. Neither 5- nor 6-OHDA markedly altered peak contractile responses to norepinephrine but 6-OHDA prolonged the response to norepinephrine. Both compounds reduced responses to tyramine, with 6-OHDA producing a greater reduction than 5-OHDA. Large contractile responses to 5-OHDA were blocked only partially by treatment of strips with 6-OHDA, suggesting that contractile responses to 5-OHDA were mediated by direct and indirect actions. These results suggest differences in the actions of 5- and 6-OHDA on adrenergic terminals and smooth muscle in saphenous veins. The results of the experiments suggest that both 5- and 6-OHDA may be useful pharmacological interventions for the study of adrenergic mechanisms in isolated blood vessels.
TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE CERVIX
Authors: F. J. McCann
Journal: BMJ (1922)

BRzIWI2 -Pain when it arises in the viscers is due, not to mechanical stimuli, Iutt-to a viialprocess.If thle first of these points-is correct it opens up a new field in neurology.-While my researches--support-this view, I recognise -the matter requires furtlher investigation-, and -at St. Andrews Institute the wlhole subject is being reviewed.
Hypoxia, Histamine, and Pulmonary Elastic Recoil
Authors: RAUL LAGUARDA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Comments and Corrections1 March 1977Hypoxia, Histamine, and Pulmonary Elastic RecoilRAUL LAGUARDA, M.D.RAUL LAGUARDA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-3-359_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article by Hudgel, Cooper, and Souhrada in the September issue (Ann Intern Med 85:328-332, 1976) clearly established that the patient's increase in elastic recoil occurred with a simultaneous increase in P(A-a)O2 gradient and acute decrease in PaO2 from 74 to 68 mm Hg. The authors postulate that histamine or kinins "were not playing an active role . . . as evidenced by the normal 5HIAA and 1, 4 methylimidazole acetic acid values."We believe that the recoil response could have indeed occurred secondary to hypoxia, inducing local release of mediators (histamine) as shown experimentally to be...Reference1. STRIEDERLAGUARDASTIGOL DRL: Increased lung recoil during acute hypoxia in dogs. Respir Physiol 21:193-201, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. COLEBATCHOLSENNADEL HCJ: Effect of histamine, serotonin and acetylcholine on the peripheral airways. J Appl Physiol 21:217-226, 1966 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. GARFINKELFITZGERALD FR: The effect of hypercapnia, hypoxia and hyperoxia on FRC and the P0.1 in humans (abstract). Physiologist 18:223, 1975 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1977Volume 86, Issue 3Page: 359-359KeywordsHistamineHypoxia Issue Published: 1 March 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...
FAVUS OF THE SCALP. OBSERVATIONS ON THE MANNER OF SPREAD.
Authors: R. WORKMAN CARSLAW
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1955)

Journal Article FAVUS OF THE SCALP. OBSERVATIONS ON THE MANNER OF SPREAD. Get access R. WORKMAN CARSLAW, M.D., F.R.F.P.S.G. R. WORKMAN CARSLAW, M.D., F.R.F.P.S.G. Assistant Physician, Skin Department, Victoria Infirmary, Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 67, Issue 11, 1 November 1955, Pages 392–396, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1955.tb12668.x Published: 01 November 1955
Genetic and environmental components of interindividual variation in circulating levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-1, and IGFBP-3.
Authors: M Harrela, H Koistinen, J Kaprio, M Lehtovirta, J Tuomilehto, J Eriksson, L Toivanen, M Koskenvuo, P Leinonen, R Koistinen, M Seppälä
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

We assessed the magnitude of the genetic component in the variation of circulating levels of insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II), and their binding proteins IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3 by measuring their serum concentrations in 32 monozygotic and 47 dizygotic adult twin pairs of the same sex. The intrapair correlation for the IGF-I levels was r = 0.41 (P < 0.009) for monozygotic twins and r = 0.12 (P < 0.22) for dizygotic twins. For the IGF-II concentration the intrapair correlations were r = 0.66 (P < 0.0001) for the monozygotic and r = 0.34 (P < 0.01) for the dizygotic twins. No significant intrapair correlation was found for IGFBP-1 levels in either group. The correlations for IGFBP-3 concentration were r = 0.65 (P < 0.0001) and r = 0.23 (P < 0.06) for monozygotic and dizygotic twins, respectively. Women had higher IGF-II levels than men (635+/-175 vs. 522+/-144 microg/liter; P < 0.0001) and IGFBP-3 levels were also higher in women compared with men (5441+/-1018 vs. 4496+/-1084 microg/liter; P < 0.001). The proportion of variance attributable to genetic effects was 38% for the IGF-I concentration, 66% for the IGF-II concentration, and 60% for the IGFBP-3 concentration. No significant heritability was found for the IGFBP-1 concentrations. Our results show that, in adults, there is a substantial genetic contribution responsible for interindividual variation of the circulating levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3, but not for the IGFBP-1 levels.
Messenger RNA levels of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins are reduced in the ventricle of cardiomyopathic hamsters.
Authors: Y Katoh, I Komuro, F Takaku, H Yamaguchi, Y Yazaki
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

The expression of guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein) genes (Gs alpha, Go alpha, Gi alpha 1, Gi alpha 2, and Gi alpha 3) was examined in the ventricle of cardiomyopathic Syrian hamsters of the Bio14.6 strain (10-35 weeks old). Northern blot analysis of total cellular RNA revealed that all G-protein genes except Gi alpha 1 were expressed in the ventricle of Syrian hamsters. Gs alpha and Gi alpha 2 genes were abundantly expressed. The expression levels of the Gs alpha and Gi alpha 2 messenger RNAs in Bio14.6 ventricles were lower than the levels in ventricles of the F1B hamster strain; the abundance of Go alpha and Gi alpha 3 messenger RNAs did not change markedly. Moreover, the messenger RNA levels of Gs alpha and Gi alpha 2 decreased as the stage of cardiomyopathy progressed. Since G-proteins are linked to adenylate cyclase, these alterations of G-protein messenger RNA levels may be related to reduced contractility of cardiomyopathic heart.
Medical School Performance of Initially Rejected Students
Authors: Richard A. DeVaul
Journal: JAMA (1987)

At the University of Texas Medical School at Houston we had a unique opportunity to examine performance through the medical curriculum and one year of postgraduate training of 50 students initially rejected for medical school. Each had been interviewed by the same Admissions Committee, which earlier had selected 150 students through the traditional process. In contrasting the initially accepted and initially rejected groups, academic and demographic variables accounted for only 28% of group difference. The 72% of group difference not accounted for by the variables examined was presumed to relate to Admissions Committee preference. In attrition and in both preclinical and clinical performance through medical school and one year of postgraduate training, there were no meaningful differences between the groups. The observations suggest that the traditional interview process probably does not enhance the ability to predict performance of medical school applicants. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:47-51)
American Cancer Society Guidelines on Nutrition and Physical Activity for Cancer Prevention: Reducing the Risk of Cancer With Healthy Food Choices and Physical Activity
Authors: Lawrence H. Kushi, Tim Byers, Colleen Doyle, Elisa V. Bandera, Marji McCullough, Ted Gansler, Kimberly S. Andrews, Michael J. Thun, Barbara Ainsworth, Rachel Ballard-Barbash, Abby F. Bloch, June M. Chan, Ralph J. Coates, Wendy Demark-Wahnefried, Jo Freudenheim, Peter Gann, Edward Giovannucci, Terry Hartman, Laurence Kolonel, Alice H. Lichtenstein, Maria Elena Martinez, Anne McTiernan, Marion Morra, Arthur Schatzkin, Marty Slattery, Stephanie Smith-Warner, Judith Wylie-Rosett, Wei Zheng, Terri Ades, Vilma Cokkinides, Alicia Samuels, David P. Ringer, Robert A. Smith
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2006)

The American Cancer Society (ACS) publishes Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines to serve as a foundation for its communication, policy, and community strategies and ultimately, to affect dietary and physical activity patterns among Americans. These Guidelines, published every 5 years, are developed by a national panel of experts in cancer research, prevention, epidemiology, public health, and policy, and as such, they represent the most current scientific evidence related to dietary and activity patterns and cancer risk. The ACS Guidelines include recommendations for individual choices regarding diet and physical activity patterns, but those choices occur within a community context that either facilitates or interferes with healthy behaviors. Community efforts are essential to create a social environment that promotes healthy food choices and physical activity. Therefore, this committee presents one key recommendation for community action to accompany the four recommendations for individual choices to reduce cancer risk. This recommendation for community action recognizes that a supportive social environment is indispensable if individuals at all levels of society are to have genuine opportunities to choose healthy behaviors. The ACS Guidelines are consistent with guidelines from the American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association forthe prevention of coronary heart disease and diabetes, as well as for general health promotion, as defined by the Department of Health and Human Services' 2005 Dietary Guidelinesfor Americans.
Finding the Gene(s) for Alcoholism
Authors: Enoch Gordis
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In this issue of theJournal,<sup>1</sup>Blum and colleagues report a surprisingly strong association between an allele of the dopamine D<sub>2</sub>receptor and alcoholism. This observation is provocative and promising but must be regarded with caution. Here is the background. Research during the last two decades has provided strong evidence that at least part of the vulnerability to becoming alcoholic on exposure to alcohol is inherited.<sup>2</sup>In most twin studies, identical (monozygotic) twins have been found to be approximately twice as likely to be in concordance for alcoholism as fraternal (dizygotic) twins of the same sex. The strongest evidence for a genetic role in alcoholism comes from the adoption studies of Bohman, Cloninger, and others.<sup>2</sup>Young children who were adopted away from alcoholic biological parents and raised in a nonalcoholic family developed many more alcohol problems as adults than similar adoptees whose biological parents were not
Healthcare neglects effects of smoking among mentally ill people, says report
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A third of cigarettes smoked in Britain today are smoked by people with a mental illness, says a new report that calls on the NHS to deal with the issue urgently.

The report, Smoking and Mental Health , from the Royal College of Physicians and the Royal College of Psychiatrists, says that smoking is becoming the domain of the most disadvantaged people in society: poor, unemployed, homeless, imprisoned, and mentally ill people.1 Life expectancy of people with mental disorders is 10 or more years less than that in the general population,2 and the report says that the high prevalence of smoking accounts for much of this difference.

Whereas the prevalence of smoking in the United Kingdom has fallen substantially over the past 20 years, it has barely changed among people with mental illness. Around 20% of the general population but 40% …
Increase in inflammatory mediator concentrations in exhaled breath condensate after allergen inhalation
Authors: Emiko Ono, Haruhisa Mita, Masami Taniguchi, Noritaka Higashi, Takahiro Tsuburai, Maki Hasegawa, Eishi Miyazaki, Toshihide Kumamoto, Kazuo Akiyama
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Genetic Tests Predict Thyroid Cancer Risk, Making Preventive Surgery Possible
Authors: D. Milne
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Genetic Tests Predict Thyroid Cancer Risk, Making Preventive Surgery Possible Get access David Milne David Milne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 17, 7 September 1994, Pages 1268–1270, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.17.1268 Published: 07 September 1994
Many Say Adult Stem Cell Reports Overplayed
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2001)

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