tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bacterial Killing by Bacteriostatic Saline Solutions — Potential for Diagnostic Error
Authors: Michael F. Rein, Gerald L. Mandell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

IN recent years the technic of transtracheal aspiration of pulmonary secretions for microbiological examination has been increasingly used for ascertaining the cause of acute pulmonary infection. The technic involves attempting a direct aspiration of the endobronchial contents. If this effort is not successful, 2 to 5 ml of sterile saline is instilled into the catheter to promote coughing, loosen secretions and provide a vehicle for aspiration.1 2 3 4 5 The saline may thus become the major component of the material recovered. The most convenient source of the small amounts of saline required for these procedures is often the multiple-dose vials available at nurses' . . .
ETHANOL GELATION TEST IMPROVED
Authors: FRANCIS A. BREEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Letters and Comments1 August 1969ETHANOL GELATION TEST IMPROVEDFRANCIS A. BREEN JR., M.D., JAMES L. TULLIS, M.D.FRANCIS A. BREEN JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JAMES L. TULLIS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-71-2-433_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: We would like to take this opportunity to clarify an important aspect of our paper "Ethanol Gelation: A Rapid Screening Test for Intravascular Coagulation" (Ann. Intern. Med. 69: 1197, 1968).We mentioned that the anticoagulant used was 0.1 M buffered citrate but did not emphasize the importance of usingonlya buffered citrate. The product we used was Special Anticoagulant Solution (Hyland Laboratories, Los Angeles) as provided with the partial thromboplastin-time kit. This provides the plasma drawn into it with a pH of approximately 7.30. Other anticoagulants such as AGD or oxalate produce a more alkaline pH,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: FRANCIS A. BREENJR., M.D.; JAMES L. TULLIS, M.D.Affiliations: Cytology Laboratory Blood Research Institute 110 Francis St. Boston, Mass. 02215 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAltered platelet and coagulation function in moderate-to-severe COVID-19Peculiarities of blood coagulation disorders in patients with COVID-19Exploración de la hemostasiaInvestigation of haemostasisAlteración de los mecanismos de la coagulación en el envenenamiento por Bothrops asper (Terciopelo)Disseminated intravascular coagulation: a review.Assays for Fibrinogen and Its DerivativesA comparative study of precipitation and paracoagulation by protamine sulfate and ethanol gelation testsDISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION: Principles of Diagnosis and ManagementConsumption coagulopathyEthanol Gelation TestEthanol Gelation Test 1 August 1969Volume 71, Issue 2Page: 433-434KeywordsAnticoagulantsBlood plasmaEthanol ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
Macrophages regulate salt-dependent volume and blood pressure by a vascular endothelial growth factor-C–dependent buffering mechanism
Authors: Agnes Machnik, Wolfgang Neuhofer, Jonathan Jantsch, Anke Dahlmann, Tuomas Tammela, Katharina Machura, Joon-Keun Park, Franz-Xaver Beck, Dominik N Müller, Wolfgang Derer, Jennifer Goss, Agata Ziomber, Peter Dietsch, Hubertus Wagner, Nico van Rooijen, Armin Kurtz, Karl F Hilgers, Kari Alitalo, Kai-Uwe Eckardt, Friedrich C Luft, Dontscho Kerjaschki, Jens Titze
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
The Mexico Summit on Health Research 2004
Authors: Stuart Enoch
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Editor—Abbasi's editorial on the Mexico Summit on Health Research 2004 aptly emphasises the significance of formulating and implementing national health research agendas.1 Although this is essential for rich and poor governments alike, it is even more imperative for developing countries to devise appropriate research strategies to reduce child mortality, prevent infectious diseases, and combat AIDS. The medical communities in these countries should take an active part and adopt reforms within the medical system to face the above challenges.

Unlike in developed countries, research is neither integrated into the medical curriculum nor considered to be part of routine medical practice. Medical students seldom have the opportunity to undertake research; the training solely emphasises providing health care to individual patients but fails to appreciate the significance of research in enhancing the wellbeing of society. There is no structured career path to encourage clinicians to undertake medical research, clinician-scientists being crucial for translating basic science research into clinical practice—“from bench to bedside.”2

Medical research is rarely given a high priority in the government's healthcare planning. Because of governments' reluctance to support research, it is mainly undertaken by pharmaceutical companies and selected private institutions; in such instances, financial gains may take precedence to the health of the nation. The research undertaken in a few government institutions may be hampered by political interference and stifling bureaucracy. Capital investment in new facilities and high technology equipment appeals to politicians, even when they are the least cost effective and seldom benefit public health.

Governments should strive to apportion a substantial amount of their national budget towards medical research, mainly public health; this is crucial for the health and wellbeing of present and future citizens. The medical community, through its representative organisations, in conjunction with the government, should create appropriate regulatory bodies and develop national guidelines to encourage medical research in an ethical and transparent manner. The medical community has a duty to guide the government to develop and implement meaningful research strategies and national health policies.
FDA to clarify rules on advisory committee members
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The US Food and Drug Administration announced last week that it is to develop guidelines to clarify the relationships between members of its advisory committees and pharmaceutical companies. The aim is to make advisory committee processes more effective and to reassure the public about the integrity of the process.

There will be a period for public comment on the proposed new rules.

Some scientists with industry ties are granted waivers to allow them to participate in advisory committees, but the process is unclear.

The advisory committees provide expert advice and recommend …
Driving after anaesthesia.
Authors: J Cundy
Journal: BMJ (1980)

was given without obvious benefit there was synergism between mexiletine and practolol similar to the co-operative action between mexiletine and propranolol in refractory ventricular tachycardia proposed in your recent article.We found no adverse effects with the intravenous administration of mexile- tine in these patients and the successful dose varied from 60 mg to 250 mg given at a rate of 30 mg/min.
GP found guilty of forging trial consent forms
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1998)

A UK general practitioner who forged patient consent forms for clinical research was paid over £23000 ($36800) before the fraud was uncovered, according to evidence presented last week to the General Medical Council.

Dr James Bochsler, 58, sole practitioner at the Pasteur Primary Care Centre in south London, was struck off after being found guilty of serious professional …
Regional reactivity of the lung vessels to minute changes of acidity of perfusing fluid
Authors: F. HERLES, J. KOLAR, J. KOZENA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1972)

The resistance of pulmonary vessels rises if perfused with a solution the acidity of which is by 0·02–0·06 units pH less than that of the arterial blood. It supports the assumption that the perfusion of the particular lobules of the lung is controlled by the pH of the blood entering the pulmonary venules.
The Scientist and the News Media
Authors: Martin S. Bander
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Ambivalence toward the news media is not an isolated phenomenon among scientists. Despite the potential benefits of "good publicity," few investigators are unaware of the horror stories of colleagues who have submitted to interviews. Although distortions and errors still occur in medical reporting, they are far less egregious and common than they were a few years ago. Today's medical specialists often write excellent articles on research. When the results are poor, the scientist may be at least partly to blame. Working with the news media is improved by experience, but there are many ways to prepare and to reduce the . . .
Biological Patterns in Hypertension by Race, Sex, Body Weight, and Skin Color
Authors: Edwin Boyle
Journal: JAMA (1970)

A population-based epidemiologic study of 2,184 residents of Charleston County, South Carolina, with a high morbidity and death rate from arteriosclerotic and hypertensive cardiovascular disease showed high prevalence of hypertension among Negroes compared with the prevalence in Charleston whites or American Negroes. The relationships of sex and age with hypertension follow different patterns in Negroes and whites. In contrast to the white population, no correlation between obesity and hypertension was found in Negroes. A positive correlation was found between skin pigmentation and hypertension in Negroes. There was also a significant difference in prevalence of group B blood type between lighter- and darker-pigmented Negroes, the darker half having the same "B" prevalence as West African Negroes, and 50% higher prevalence than American Negroes.
S140 Predictors of 24-h cough frequency in acute cough
Authors: K. K. Lee, S. Matos, D. H. Evans, I. D. Pavord, S. S. Birring
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> 24-hour cough frequency monitoring is increasingly being used as an outcome measure to evaluate anti-tussive drugs. The optimal method of identifying patients with a significant cough frequency for inclusion into clinical trials is not known. We investigated a range of cough assessments screening tools that could be used for this purpose. <h3>Methods</h3> 35 healthy subjects with acute cough due to upper respiratory infection (median (IQR) age 31 (23–35) years, 63% female, median (IQR) duration of cough 4 (2–6) days) were recruited as part of a larger study. All subjects underwent ambulatory 24-h cough frequency (CF<sub>24</sub>) monitoring with the Leicester Cough Monitor, health related quality of life with the Leicester Cough Questionnaire-acute (LCQ) and cough severity visual analogue scale (VAS). Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed for the baseline screening tools LCQ, VAS and cough frequency in first hour (CF<sub>1</sub>) to identify patients with CF<sub>24</sub>=5, =7.5 and =10 coughs/hr. <h3>Results</h3> The baseline geometric mean (logSD) CF<sub>24</sub> was 14.7 (0.5) coughs/hr, CF<sub>1</sub> 25.9 (0.4) coughs/hr, mean (SEM) VAS 47 (3) mm and LCQ 14.3 (0.7). 4, 6 and 11 patients had CF<sub>24</sub> &lt;5, &lt;7.5 and &lt;10 coughs/hr respectively. The area under ROC curve (AUC) for VAS and LCQ for prediction of CF<sub>24</sub> were poor, ranging from 0.51 to 0.58 and 0.50 to 0.68 respectively. The mean (SEM) AUC for CF<sub>1</sub> was 0.92 (0.05), 0.79 (0.10) and 0.86 (0.06) for detecting 24-h cough frequency of =5, =7.5 and =10 coughs/hr respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for cough frequency recordings over 1 h to identify patients with significant 24-h cough frequency are presented in Abstract S140 table 1. A good specificity (to exclude patients with low 24-h cough frequency) was achievable at sensitivities ranging from 69 to 87%. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Subjective cough severity and cough-specific quality of life are poor screening tools for predicting objective 24-h cough frequency. However, 1-h cough frequency can be used as a screening tool to identify patients with significant 24-h cough frequency for inclusion into future clinical trials.
NFATc2 and NFATc3 transcription factors play a crucial role in suppression of CD4+ T lymphocytes by CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells
Authors: Tobias Bopp, Alois Palmetshofer, Edgar Serfling, Valeska Heib, Steffen Schmitt, Christoph Richter, Matthias Klein, Hansjörg Schild, Edgar Schmitt, Michael Stassen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

The phenotype of NFATc2−/− c3−/− (double knockout [DKO]) mice implies a disturbed regulation of T cell responses, evidenced by massive lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and autoaggressive phenomena. The population of CD4+ CD25+ T cells from DKO mice lacks regulatory capacity, except a small subpopulation that highly expresses glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor family–related gene (GITR) and CD25. However, neither wild-type nor DKO CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells (T reg cells) are able to suppress proliferation of DKO CD4+ CD25− T helper cells. Therefore, combined NFATc2/c3 deficiency is compatible with the development of CD4+ CD25+ T reg cells but renders conventional CD4+ T cells unresponsive to suppression, underlining the importance of NFAT proteins for sustaining T cell homeostasis.
Polymyalgia Rheumatica-Reply
Authors: George E. Ehrlich
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The writers have a long and honorable identification with the concept of polymyalgia rheumatica. It is little wonder that they are disturbed by the questions raised. However, I believe we are in agreement that the concept of polymyalgia rheumatica needs to remain rigidly defined and should not admit instances of simultaneous synovitis.  The taxonomy of rheumatic diseases remains primarily syndromic. Symptoms and signs define the disease, and the disease is defined by the symptoms and signs that produce it. Some flexibility is necessary, as causes are generally unknown, and an undue rigidity and assertion of the divine right of diagnostic terms have as little merit as a contemporary claim of the divine right of kings.  Rheumatology, like much of medicine, is still full of dangling comparatives. A statistic is cited in support of a specific association or causation; we do not know how often this particular feature occurs
Cost-effectiveness of Ultrasound in Preventing Femoral Venous Catheter–associated Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Christopher E. Cox, Shannon S. Carson, Andrea K. Biddle
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Femoral central venous catheter use is complicated by a high risk of deep venous thrombosis despite antithrombotic prophylaxis. Although some have recommended screening for femoral catheter-associated thrombosis to prevent pulmonary embolism (PE), this strategy's economic implications are unclear. Therefore, we used a decision model to evaluate the potential cost-effectiveness of a Doppler ultrasound-based screening strategy versus no ultrasound in averting thromboembolic complications associated with femoral catheters. The base-case analysis included a hypothetical cohort of 60-year-old medical patients treated for acute respiratory failure. The perspective was that of the health care payor, and the primary outcomes were quality-adjusted life expectancy, PE, and PE-associated deaths. The ultrasound strategy cost $8,688/quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained, $5,305/PE averted, and $99,286/PE death averted. The best- and worst-case scenarios, calculated in multiway sensitivity analyses by varying in-hospital mortality, deep venous thrombosis prevalence, and ultrasound accuracy, ranged from $1,170/QALY to $35,342/QALY, respectively. Probablistic analyses, in which variables with uncertain values were varied randomly within their ranges, demonstrated median costs of $12,793/QALY (interquartile range $8,176/QALY, $20,648/QALY). In summary, ultrasound screening may improve outcomes among the critically ill with femoral venous catheters at acceptable costs and could complement venous thrombosis primary prevention programs.
Acute Myeloblastic Leukaemia following Chloramphenicol Treatment
Authors: P. S. Mukherji
Journal: BMJ (1957)

UNUSUAL HAEMOGLOBIN VARIANTbetween haemoglobins A and S (see Fig.).In phosphate buffer at pH 7.8 two components were still discernible, the abnormal haemoglobin having the greater mobility, but complete separation did not occur.At pH 6.5 in phosphate buffer, however, the abnormal haemoglobin was not separ- able from haemoglobin A, but trailed behind it.The solubility of Mrs. L. M.'s haemoglobin was 1.57 g. per litre in 2.58 M phosphate buffer, by the method of Itano (1953).After ten weeks' storage at about -25°C.no precipitate was formed in a haemolysate that contained 8 g. per 100 ml., and no change was observed in the pro- portion of the abnormal haemoglobin after this period of freezing.Haematological Findings The relevant findings in Mrs. L. M. and three of her children are given in the Table .None of these subjects showed sickling, malaria was absent in all, reticulocytes did not exceed 0.2% in any subject, the serum bilirubin was normal in all, and alkali-resistant haemoglobin was absent in every case-less than 2% by the method of Singer et al. (1951).No changes were observed in wet preparations in saline, dithionite, and cresyl blue.
426 INHIBITION OF THE SQUALENE SYNTHASE OR STAR SILENCING INCREASES THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA TO CHEMOTHERAPY
Authors: J. Montero, A. Morales, L. Llacuna, J.M. Lluis, C. Garcia-Ruiz, A. Colell, J.C. Fernandez-Checa
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Discontinuation of low dose aspirin and risk of myocardial infarction: case-control study in UK primary care
Authors: L. A. Garcia Rodriguez, L. Cea-Soriano, E. Martin-Merino, S. Johansson
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objectives</b> To evaluate the risk of myocardial infarction and death from coronary heart disease after discontinuation of low dose aspirin in primary care patients with a history of cardiovascular events. <b>Design</b> Nested case-control study. <b>Setting</b> The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database in the United Kingdom. <b>Participants</b> Individuals aged 50-84 with a first prescription for aspirin (75-300 mg/day) for secondary prevention of cardiovascular outcomes in 2000-7 (n=39 513). <b>Main outcome measures</b> Individuals were followed up for a mean of 3.2 years to identify cases of non-fatal myocardial infarction or death from coronary heart disease. A nested case-control analysis assessed the risk of these events in those who had stopped taking low dose aspirin compared with those who had continued treatment. <b>Results</b> There were 876 non-fatal myocardial infarctions and 346 deaths from coronary heart disease. Compared with current users, people who had recently stopped taking aspirin had a significantly increased risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction or death from coronary heart disease combined (rate ratio 1.43, 95% confidence interval 1.12 to 1.84) and non-fatal myocardial infarction alone (1.63, 1.23 to 2.14). There was no significant association between recently stopping low dose aspirin and the risk of death from coronary heart disease (1.07, 0.67 to 1.69). For every 1000 patients, over a period of one year there were about four more cases of non-fatal myocardial infarction among patients who discontinued treatment with low dose aspirin (recent discontinuers) compared with patients who continued treatment. <b>Conclusions</b> Individuals with a history of cardiovascular events who stop taking low dose aspirin are at increased risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction compared with those who continue treatment.
Asymptomatic Sexually Active Adolescents and Young Adults Should Not Be Screened for Herpes Simplex Virus
Authors: Hayley D. Mark
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Erythropoietic Effect of Cobalt in Patients with or without Anemia
Authors: Lionel Berk, Joseph H. Burchenal, William B. Castle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

COBALT in the form of one of its salts, usually cobaltous chloride or cobaltous nitrate, has been shown to produce polycythemia in amphibia, birds and mammals.1 2 3 In mammals the increased concentration of red blood cells in the circulation is due, as in other types of polycythemia, largely to an increase in the circulating red-cell mass.4 , 5 That the polycythemia is produced by increased red-cell production is indicated by an initial or by a maintained reticulocytosis,6 , 7 and an increase in erythroid cells in the bone marrow8 , 9 and in extramedullary locations.9 In some species the slight bilirubinemia7 presumably results from a partially compensatory . . .
Disorders of Sexual Development
Authors: Daniel D. Federman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THE distinction between males and females is one of the fundamental concepts of social existence. Normal newborn infants present no problem in assignment, and the decision is usually made instantaneously by nonprofessional people. This easy certainty, however, masks an almost infinite potential for disordered sexual development, and in rare cases the most sophisticated approach cannot make an unequivocal assignment. This discussion concerns some of the newer information bearing on the process of sexual differentiation and develops concepts that may help to organize the large current literature in this area.Normal Sexual DevelopmentNormal sexual development, although a continuous process, can . . .
Bioterrorism and Public Health Law—Reply
Authors: Lawrence O. Gostin, Jason W. Sapsin, Stephen P. Teret, Scott Burris, Julie Samia Mair, James G. Hodge, Jr, Jon S. Vernick
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal