tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
253 ASSOCIATION OF HOST PHARMACODYNAMIC EFFECTS AND VIROLOGIC RESPONSE TO PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A/RIBAVIRIN IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: R.T. Chung, A. Di Bisceglie, F.F. Poordad, T. Hassanein, X. Zhou, E. Lentz, A. Prabhakar, F.M. Hamzeh
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
“Magnification Phenomenon” in Chronic Renal Disease
Authors: Neal S. Bricker, Leon G. Fine, Michael Kaplan, Murray Epstein, Jacques J. Bourgoignie, Amnon Light
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

THE functional adaptations that occur in the surviving nephrons as chronic renal disease advances are remarkable in their ultimate dimensions and lifesaving in their biologic effects. In an earlier seminar on these adaptations, we presented the hypothesis that there may be undesirable "trade-offs" that are responsible for certain symptoms and signs of chronic uremia.1This discussion also concerns the adaptations in nephron function in uremia and also presents a new concept, which we have called the "magnification phenomenon." In contrast to the trade-off hypothesis, the magnification phenomenon deals more explicitly with the phenomenology of the adaptations in themselves.The major . . .
Effects of Murine Tumor Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex Expression on Antitumor Activity of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes
Authors: J. S. Weber, S. A. Rosenberg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are T cells that can be grown from enzyme-digested murine or human tumors. When adoptively transferred to tumor-bearing hosts concurrent with the administration of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2), TILs can mediate significant regression of tumor. To examine whether expression of class I major histocompatibility complex on tumor cells influenced the generation and antitumor activity of TILs, we used clones of murine B16BL6 melanoma either transfected with or lacking the class I gene Kb to generate TILs at a high dose (1,000 U/mL) or at a low dose (20 U/mL) of human rIL-2. TILs grew from both tumors in high-dose rIL-2, but they grew from the class I-expressing tumor only in low-dose rIL-2. TILs from the class I-deficient tumor did not lyse any target tested in vitro, nor did they demonstrate any therapeutic effect in vivo on established tumors that lacked or expressed class I. In contrast, TILs from the class I-expressing tumor specifically lysed the tumor of origin in vitro and caused it to regress in vivo. Further, these TILs demonstrated activity in vitro against the non-class I-expressing melanoma treated with the combination of murine recombinant interferon gamma and human recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha; in vivo, when administered with recombinant interferon gamma and recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha, TILs from the class I-expressing tumor mediated regression of non-class I-expressing pulmonary metastases, presumably by augmenting class I expression.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and 2 are tumor necrosis factor/cachectin-responsive genes.
Authors: R L Medcalf, E K Kruithof, W D Schleuning
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Human rTNF/Cachectin was shown to stimulate gene transcription of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PA1)-1 and PAI-2, and simultaneously suppress constitutive gene expression of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) in human fibrosarcoma cells. We propose that a TNF-mediated reprogramming of gene transcription induces, in appropriate target cells, an anti-fibrinolytic state, which may cooperate with the induction of procoagulant activity (tissue factor) to stabilize the fibrin deposits commonly found in inflamed tissue. PAI genes also provide a model system for a study of the molecular pathways underlying TNF-mediated signal transduction.
Pressure-Radius Relationship in Large Blood Vessels of Man
Authors: Peter C. Luchsinger, Murray Sachs, Dali J. Patel
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

The radius of the pulmonary arteries and of the descending thoracic aorta in man was measured by angiographic techniques. Simultaneously with angiocardiography, pressure measurements were carried out, permitting calculation of radius-pressure (ΔR/ΔP) relationships. The results obtained by this method are similar to those obtained by other methods in which the vessel radius was measured more directly.
Long-term Effects of Pancreatic Transplant Function in Patients with Advanced Juvenile-onset Diabetes
Authors: Marvin L Gliedman, Vivian A Tellis, Robert Soberman, Harold Rifkin, Frank J Veith
Journal: Diabetes Care (1978)

Present methods of management of juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus do not prevent serious and debilitating complications affecting multiple organ systems. In an effort to reverse advanced forms of these complications, segmental transplantation of the pancreas has been performed on 10 patients, seven of whom simultaneously or subsequently received renal transplants. Long periods of normoglycemia (two to four and one-half years) were achieved in two patients who also maintained transplant kidney function. The course of these two patients is described to illustrate the possible value and limitations of the procedure. These patients had normal blood glucose levels, exhibited repeated normal intravenous glucose tolerance curves, and had repeated normal endogenous insulin levels. Their courses were characterized by (1) absence of problems related to pancreatic exocrine secretions into the bladder; (2) stable eye changes despite some episodes of hemorrhage from preëxisting retinopathy; (3) vascular complications, including stroke and gangrene of extremities necessitating amputation despite successful femoropopliteal bypass grafting; (4) peripheral neuropathy; and (5) repeated infections. Both patients succumbed to vascular complications. Thus, pancreatic transplantation can maintain blood glucose and insulin at normal levels for extended periods of time. However, it does not reverse such complications as advanced retinopathy or atherosclerosis. Since the procedure may have value in preventing progression of these complications, it should be evaluated in patients with less advanced complications of diabetes.
A Targeting Modality for Destruction of RNA Polymerase I that Possesses Anticancer Activity
Authors: Karita Peltonen, Laureen Colis, Hester Liu, Rishi Trivedi, Michael S. Moubarek, Henna M. Moore, Baoyan Bai, Michelle A. Rudek, Charles J. Bieberich, Marikki Laiho
Journal: Cancer Cell (2014)
Comparison of cutaneous manifestations in systemic polyarteritis nodosa and microscopic polyangiitis
Authors: N. Kluger, C. Pagnoux, L. Guillevin, C. Francès
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

The cutaneous manifestations of microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) have not been compared since their distinction. Objectives To compare the clinical and pathological cutaneous manifestations in a series of patients with systemic MPA and PAN. Patients with MPA (n = 162) and PAN (n = 248) from the database of the French Vasculitis Study Group were diagnosed according to the American College of Rheumatology and/or the Chapel Hill Consensus criteria. Purpura, livedo, nodules, urticaria, skin necrosis, oral and genital ulcers were recorded when present. Fifty-five skin biopsies were analysed. Clinical and histological skin data were compared in the following groups: MPA, PAN and two PAN subsets: PAN with and PAN without hepatitis B infection. The prevalence of systemic and biological manifestations were analysed in relation to the presence or absence of skin lesions. The chi(2) test was used for statistical studies. Cutaneous manifestations were present in 44% of MPA and PAN. Purpura was the most frequent manifestation (26% cases of MPA vs. 19% cases of PAN, P = 0.026). Urticaria was more frequent during PAN (6% vs. 1.2%, P = 0.015). Skin lesions were more frequent during PAN in the absence of HBV infection (54% vs. 30%, P < 0.05). No significant difference was detected from the histological data. Patients with skin lesions (either MPA or PAN) presented arthralgias and ocular manifestations more frequently. Mononeuritis multiplex was associated with skin lesions in the MPA group (P < 0.05). The clinical or histological analysis of cutaneous lesions is not helpful for distinguishing PAN from MPA.
Stem cell foundation greeted by cautious optimism
Authors: Norra MacReady
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The establishment of the World Stem Cell Foundation, announced earlier this month by Woo Suk Hwang of Seoul National University, is being greeted as a step forward in the contentious area of stem cell research.

Professor Hwang is considered the leading expert in somatic cell nuclear transfer, or therapeutic cloning. His was the first laboratory to clone a dog, an Afghan hound named Snuppy …
Surface modified magnetic nanoparticles for immuno-gene therapy of murine mammary adenocarcinoma
Authors: Sara Prijic, Lara Prosen, Maja Cemazar, Janez Scancar, Rok Romih, Jaka Lavrencak, Vladimir B. Bregar, Andrej Coer, Mojca Krzan, Andrej Znidarsic, Gregor Sersa
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)

Cancer immuno-gene therapy is an introduction of nucleic acids encoding immunostimulatory proteins, such as cytokine interleukin 12 (IL-12), into somatic cells to stimulate an immune response against a tumor. Various methods can be used for the introduction of nucleic acids into cells; magnetofection involves binding of nucleic acids to magnetic nanoparticles with subsequent exposure to an external magnetic field. Here we show that surface modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) with a combination of polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyethylenimine (PEI) (SPIONs-PAA-PEI) proved to be safe and effective for magnetofection of cells and tumors in mice. Magnetofection of cells with plasmid DNA encoding reporter gene using SPIONs-PAA-PEI was superior in transfection efficiency to commercially available SPIONs. Magnetofection of murine mammary adenocarcinoma with plasmid DNA encoding IL-12 using SPIONs-PAA-PEI resulted in significant antitumor effect and could be further refined for cancer immuno-gene therapy.
Even More Illness Caused by Smoking Than Previously Estimated
Authors: Steven A. Schroeder
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Roles for the pro-neurotrophin receptor sortilin in neuronal development, aging and brain injury
Authors: Pernille Jansen, Klaus Giehl, Jens R Nyengaard, Kenneth Teng, Oleg Lioubinski, Susanne S Sjoegaard, Tilman Breiderhoff, Michael Gotthardt, Fuyu Lin, Andreas Eilers, Claus M Petersen, Gary R Lewin, Barbara L Hempstead, Thomas E Willnow, Anders Nykjaer
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2007)
Matrix metalloproteinases A review of their structure and role in acute coronary syndrome
Authors: C Jones
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

To summarize the structure, function, and regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and to review the literature to date on their potential role in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes.A recursive strategy starting with a Medline Search for primary articles in the last decade, followed by identification of additional articles of interest among the cited literature in the primary articles, followed by identification of additional articles of interest cited in the secondary articles.MMPs play a central role in many fundamental processes in human health and disease. In vitro evidence suggests that MMP activity may facilitate atherosclerosis, plaque destabilization, and platelet aggregation. Limited evidence from clinical studies supports a role of MMPs in the development of acute coronary syndromes.MMP activity likely contributes to the development of acute coronary syndromes and may be an important therapeutic target for future drug development.
Impact of isolated germline JAK2V617I mutation on human hematopoiesis
Authors: Adam J. Mead, Onima Chowdhury, Christian Pecquet, Alexandra Dusa, Petter Woll, Deborah Atkinson, Adam Burns, Joannah Score, Michelle Rugless, Ruth Clifford, Simon Moule, Nicola Bienz, Paresh Vyas, Nick Cross, Rosemary E. Gale, Shirley Henderson, Stefan N. Constantinescu, Anna Schuh, Sten Eirik W. Jacobsen
Journal: Blood (2013)
Human Oxidation-Specific Antibodies Reduce Foam Cell Formation and Atherosclerosis Progression
Authors: Sotirios Tsimikas, Atsushi Miyanohara, Karsten Hartvigsen, Esther Merki, Peter X. Shaw, Meng-Yun Chou, Jennifer Pattison, Michael Torzewski, Janina Sollors, Theodore Friedmann, N. Chin Lai, H. Kirk Hammond, Godfrey S. Getz, Catherine A. Reardon, Andrew C. Li, Carole L. Banka, Joseph L. Witztum
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Fatty Acids Attenuate Insulin Regulation of 5′-AMP–Activated Protein Kinase and Insulin Cardioprotection After Ischemia
Authors: Clifford D.L. Folmes, Alexander S. Clanachan, Gary D. Lopaschuk
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

The cardioprotective effect of insulin during ischemia-reperfusion has been associated with stimulation of glucose uptake and glycolysis. Although fatty acids and 5'-AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) are regulators of glucose metabolism, it is unknown what effect insulin has on postischemic function and AMPK activity in the presence of high levels of fatty acid. Isolated ejecting mouse hearts were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution containing 5 mmol x L(-1) glucose and 0, 0.2, or 1.2 mmol x L(-1) palmitate, with or without 100 microU/mL insulin. During aerobic perfusion in the absence of palmitate, insulin stimulated glycolysis by 73% and glucose oxidation by 54%, while inhibiting AMPK activity by 43%. In the presence of 0.2 or 1.2 mmol x L(-1) palmitate, insulin stimulated glycolysis by 111% and 105% and glucose oxidation by 72% and 274% but no longer inhibited AMPK activity. During reperfusion of hearts in the absence of palmitate, insulin increased recovery of cardiac power by 47%. This was associated with a 97% increase in glycolysis and a 160% increase in glucose oxidation. However, in the presence of 1.2 mmol x L(-1) palmitate, insulin now decreased recovery of cardiac power by 42%. During reperfusion, glucose oxidation was inhibited by high fat, but insulin-stimulated glycolysis remained high, resulting in increased proton production. In the absence of fatty acids, insulin blunted the ischemia-induced activation of AMPK, but this effect was lost in the presence of fatty acids. We demonstrate that the cardioprotective effect of insulin and its ability to inhibit AMPK activity are lost in the presence of high concentrations of fatty acids.
Desmosine, a biomarker for COPD: old and in the way
Authors: M. Luisetti, J. Stolk, P. Iadarola
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

In the assessment of clinical presentation and response to therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), there is a major need for the identification of suitable and reproducible parameters to evaluate disease progression and changes during interventional trials [1]; in other words, parameters (or markers) associated with clinical outcome.

To date, this need has been met by forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), a robust physiological marker that, although a comprehensive and predictive tool, has numerous limitations [2]. The ECLIPSE study (Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate End-points) exemplifies attempts made to find surrogate markers that are superior to FEV1 [3]. In ECLIPSE, subtypes from a large number of COPD patients and a variety of predictive/surrogate disease markers are being collected, including longitudinal data on lung physiology, imaging, health outcomes, genetics and biomarkers.

Biomarkers have a special role in this setting. According to the US National Institutes of Health, a biomarker is defined as a “characteristic that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biological processes, pathogenic processes or pharmacological responses to a therapeutic intervention” [4], and usually refers to a molecule or material, such as a cell or tissue [5]. As knowledge on the pathogenic processes of COPD broadens, an increasing number of putative biomarkers have been suggested and investigated, but enthusiasm over preliminary results is frequently followed by disappointment due to the lack of reproducibility and frustration due to the increasing number of biomarkers that have failed to live up to initial promises. Consequently, a useful biomarker for COPD is still lacking. …
Antisense proliferating cell nuclear antigen oligonucleotides inhibit intimal hyperplasia in a rat carotid artery injury model.
Authors: M Simons, E R Edelman, R D Rosenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

We have used antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides to define the role played by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in neointimal accumulation of smooth muscle cells in a rat carotid artery injury model. The short-term extraluminal delivery of 250 nmol of antisense oligonucleotides, but not control oligonucleotides, immediately after arterial injury produces a 77% suppression of PCNA mRNA after 24 h and a 52% decrease in the frequency of medial smooth muscle cells expressing PCNA after 72 h. This reduction in PCNA expression is accompanied by a 59% decrease in the frequency of proliferating medial smooth muscle cells at 3 d as measured by BudR staining and an 80% decrease in neointimal accumulation assessed morphometrically at 2 wk. Thus, the expression of PCNA is required for medial smooth muscle cell growth in vivo and for neointimal formation after arterial injury.
Contaminant Blood Cultures and Resource Utilization
Authors: David W. Bates
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To determine whether contaminant blood cultures increase resource utilization, we studied charge and length of stay data for episodes in which blood cultures were obtained from hospitalized adults. Compared with 1097 negative episodes, 94 false-positive episodes were associated with increased subsequent length of stay (median, 12.5 vs 8 days) and subsequent total charges (median, $13,116 vs $8731), pharmacy charges (median, $1456 vs $798), and laboratory charges (median, $2057 vs $1426). In multivariate analyses, contaminants were independently correlated with 20% and 39% increases in total subsequent laboratory charges and intravenous antibiotic charges, respectively. Thus, the true costs of contaminants may greatly exceed those of the test itself. Identifying patients at very low risk of bacteremia and attention to sterile technique may reduce costs by decreasing the frequency of contaminants.
845. The Loss Expression of Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor Enhances the Feature of Aggressive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Kazumasa Matsumoto, Sharokh F. Shariat, Akira Irie, Tetsuo Fujita, Hiroshi Okusa, Takefumi Satoh, Masatsugu Iwamura, Shiro Baba, Seth P. Lerner
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Objectives. Adenovirus is a useful vector for cancer gene delivery because of its high gene transfer efficacy, high titer production, and safety. The initial binding of adenoviruses except for serotype B to cell surface is mediated via a specific 46 kDa coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR). In addition, recent evidence suggested that CD46, a complement inhibitory protein, plays a role as a serotype B Ad receptor. Low levels of CAR are associated with decreased efficiency of adenovirus-mediated gene transduction of bladder cancer. In present study, we evaluated the expression of CAR and CD46 in urologic cancer cell lines, and then examined whether CAR expression is associated with bladder cancer characteristics and clinical outcomes. Methods. CAR and CD46 expression in urologic cancer cell lines were determined by flow cytometry. Immunohistochemical staining for CAR was carried out on surgical specimens from 62 patients who underwent radical cystectomy. Immunoreactivity was categorized on a 0–3+ semiquantitation system for both intensities of staining and the percentage of positive cells (labeling frequency %). We also stained 30 tumor section specimens from normal sections for microvessel density, E-cadherin, pRB, p16, p21, p53, cyclooxygenase-2, and transforming growth factor-beta1 and its receptors type I and II. Results. Low expression of CAR and high expression of CD46 were determined in urologic cancer cell lines. In immunohistochemical staining, CAR expression was lost in 17/62 (27%) tumors. Loss of CAR expression was associated with metastases to regional lymph nodes (p=0.049), muscle-invasive disease (p=0.025), high grade disease (p=0.038), altered p53 status (p=0.041), and loss of E-cadherin expression (p=0.042). With a median follow-up of 60 months, loss of CAR expression was associated with decreased bladder cancer-specific survival (p=0.029) but not disease progression. When adjusted for the effects of clinicopathologic findings, only lymph node metastasis was associated with bladder cancer progression and mortality. Conclusions. Loss of CAR expression is associated with established markers of biologically aggressive bladder cancer. The CAR dependence of the adenovirus vector may result in sequestration of recombinant virions by biologically less aggressive yet high-CAR- expressing bladder cancer cells, whereas the targeted aggressive bladder cancer cells, low in CAR, will be poorly transduced. The association of CAR with E-cadherin and p53 suggests a potential role for CAR in the regulation of urothelium integrity and cell cycle.
Heatstroke or Malaria?
Authors: K. G. Hearne
Journal: BMJ (1955)

Because of the present high cost of producing the Journal, and the great pressure on our space, correspondents are asked to keep their letters short.Blood Groups in Relation to Peptic Ulceration S1R,-The paper by Professor Ian Aird et al. (Journal, August 7, 1954, p. 315) induced us to investigate the ABO blood groups in patients who had been treated for peptic ulceration in the two surgical departments of Ulleval Hos- pital, Oslo, in the years 1945-54.The results of the investigation will be published elsewhere.They were in full agreement with those of Aird et al.In particular, it is of interest to note the difference in the proportion A/A +O between patients with gastric ulcer and patients with duodenal ulcer.The data from both investigations are as follows No. of Patients Gastric Ulcer Duodenal Ulcer Blood Group Blood Group