tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P2-063: Clinical and prognostic significance of serum carcinoembryonic antigen level in patients with IIIB and IV stage non-small cell lung cancer: A prospective study
Authors: Oscar Arrieta, Abril Martínez-Velasco, Juan C. Silva-Godinez, Diana Flores Estrada, Javier Falcon, Enrique Guzman, Luis Martinez, Jaime de la Garza
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
GMC accuses doctor of handing out slimming pills “as if they were Smarties”
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Doctors from more than a third of accident and emergency departments in hospitals in England said they were not reaching the government's target of dealing with patients within four hours.The main reason for this finding, from a survey published this week, was a shortage of available hospital beds, making it difficult for patients to be admitted.Only 49% of the nearly 500 members of the British Association for Emergency Medicine-all consultants and middle grade doctors-responding to the survey reported that their departments met the emergency access target for 98% of all patients to be seen, treated, admitted, or discharged within four hours.Although only 49% considered that their department actually met the emergency access target, 67% said that the figures reported by their department indicated that the target had been met.Respondents' comments on what had happened in their departments included, "Middle managers revising figures before being submitted," "Minor injury unit figures used to help achieve department's 96.9% target," and "Patients often 'moved' on the computer tracking but still kept in department to meet targets."Forty one per cent said that their depart- Lack of beds leads to missed government targetsment did not reach this target."Not enough available in-patient beds" was the main reason given for departments not meeting the emergency access target, and 88% of respondents reported it as a major contributory factor.Don MacKechnie, chairman of the BMA's emergency subcommittee and a consultant in emergency medicine at Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, said that financial problems in the NHS had meant that the availability of hospital beds for patients needing admission from accident and emergency departments was an important problem.He said, "In certain trusts, financial recovery measures have included closing beds previously used as 'safety valves' before, such as beds in rehabilitation wards.This has a knock-on effect to A&E [accident and emergency departments], with recovering patients that might have previously been moved remaining in acute beds."Mr MacKechnie said it was important that emergency access targets were seen as having broader application than simply affecting accident and emergency departments."Sometimes, other specialties forget that this is not just an A&E target.It is an emergency access target, with a responsibility from all specialties in an acute trust to ensure that the four hour target can be met."He said this meant ensuring that sufficient beds were available to admit patients from emergency departments and ensuring that doctors on call in each specialty are free to see patients in accident and emergency departments within the target of one hour after being referred.
Abstract 4000: Trastuzumab targeting of HER2 upregulates miRNA-194 and downregulates profilin 2 and DNMT3A in HER2 positive breast cancer
Authors: Xiao-Feng Le, Yun Wu, Riccardo Spizzo, Suk-Young Yoo, Jing Wang, George A. Calin, Robert C. Bast
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Trastuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the extracellular domain of oncoprotein HER2, is widely used in standard therapy for women with HER2-positive breast cancer. Although the effects of trastuzumab on cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis have been intensively investigated, the effect of trastuzumab on microRNA (miRNA) is unknown. Since miRNA provides a novel layer of gene regulation and may play role in trastuzumab action, we have consequently performed miRNA microarray profiling before and after trastuzumab treatment in both SKBr3 and BT474 breast cancer cells that overexpress HER2. Trastuzumab significantly decreased five human miRNAs and increased three others in SKBr3 cells, whereas in BT474 cells it significantly decreased two miRNAs and increased ten. The only miRNA that shared the same change in both cell lines was miRNA-194 (miR194), which was upregulated following trastuzumab treatment. Upregulation of miR194 by trastuzumab was further validated in vitro and in vivo by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (QRT-PCR) or Northern blotting. miR194 expression in 92 cases of breast cancer and 21 normal breast tissues (all were FFPE samples) was examined by QRT-PCR. miR194 levels were significantly higher in breast cancer samples versus normal tissues (p=0.0003), in estrogen-positive breast cancer samples (p=0.002), and in HER2-negative breast cancer samples (p=0.032). Importantly, expression of precursor miR194 specifically downregulated the protein levels of DNA methytransferase DNMT3A and actin cytoskeleton organizer profilin 2. miR-194 specifically inhibited the luciferase activity of wild type DNMT3A 3’-UTR construct, but not that of mutant vector, indicating that DNMT3A is a direct downstream target of miR-194. Both trastuzumab treatment and overexpression of miR-194 inhibited cell motility of breast cancer cells, which may result from the inhibition of DNMT3A and profilin 2. In summary, trastuzumab treatment upregulates miR194 expression and may exert its therapeutic effects through downregulation of miR194-downstream targets DNMT3A and profilin 2 in HER2-positive breast cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4000. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4000
Selection of Controls in Testing for Alcoholism
Authors: D. R. Dufour, J. Irving
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent article by Eckardt et al (1981;246:2707) has a serious flaw in the selection of controls. A control group can be defined as identical to the test group in all respects except for absence of the one factor being studied, in this case, alcoholism. In their study, at least five factors other than alcohol use differed between the two groups: age, smoking history, geographic location, hospital status (inpatient or outpatient), and the laboratory performing the analyses. While the authors adjusted their results for differences in age and smoking, and while there are no readily available data on geographic location affecting laboratory results, the other two factors may have been responsible for some of the differences observed. The concentration of some chemical constituents changes markedly withchanges in posture. Statland et al<sup>1</sup>showed higher total protein and creatinine levels in healthy persons when sampled after standing
Managing Pain in Children
Authors: William O. Robertson
Journal: JAMA (1981)

No one would argue that one of man's most appreciated achievements over the past century has taken place in the conquest, or at least the management, of pain. Without this progress, modern surgery would obviously be nonexistent; bypassing pain is the sine qua non of successful major surgery. Effective, efficient, and safe general, regional, and spinal anesthesias have all been essential to appropriate advances. The use of narcotics, of palliative neurosurgical techniques, and of hypnotism, as well as the evolution of pain clinics—these and other successes stress the fact that medicine seems to be gaining the upper hand in dealing with pain—particularly in adults—certainly in comparison with those of a century ago.  In point of truth, however, managing pain in childhood has not always been approached with equal fervor. For any skeptics among the readers, just witness the next neonatal circumcision in your hospital. Avoidance of pain can hardly be
Spelling of Münchhausen-Reply
Authors: Cheryl Iverson
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> There does seem to be some confusion surrounding the spelling of Baron Münchhausen's name. Since we use<i>Dorland's</i>as our primary source for medical terms, we have been following their entry (under "syndrome"):<i>Munchausen</i>. Even they do not maintain consistency, however; under "Münchausen's syndrome" they<i>do</i>use an umlaut and say the syndrome was named after Baron von Münchhausen! Checking in<i>Stedman's</i>, I found, under "syndrome,"<i>Munchausen</i>. Under "Munchausen," I found<i>Karl F. H. von Munchausen</i>given as the spelling of the person's name. In<i>Webster's Third</i>, there is more confusion. The spelling of the entry is<i>munchausen</i>, but in the definition that follows, it is spelled<i>Münchhausen</i>. We will henceforth follow Dr Blodi's leadership and "correct" our dictionaries to<i>Münchhausen</i>.
How to understand beliefs
Authors: Alison Gopnik
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract In this response various possible objections to the critique of first-person-authority in Gopnik (1993), are considered. The heart of all three objections is that “beliefs” and other notions of commonsense psychology should not be construed as attempts to describe the functional character of our minds. Rather, they are 1) an evolutionarily determined technique for dealing with our conspecifics (Bogdan) or 2) the result of interpretation (Van Brakel) or 3) self-constitutive entities which exist only when we have the concept of their existence (Greve and Buchner). While the word belief might be construed in all these ways, they do not correspond either to the construals of our commonsense psychology or of a scientific psychology.
Active oxygen species stimulate vascular smooth muscle cell growth and proto-oncogene expression.
Authors: G N Rao, B C Berk
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferate in response to arterial injury. Recent findings suggest that, in addition to platelet-derived growth factors, growth factors from inflammatory cells and endothelial cells at the site of injury may contribute to VSMC proliferation. We hypothesized that a common mechanism by which endothelial cells and inflammatory cells stimulate VSMC growth could be the active oxygen species (i.e., O2-, H2O2, and .OH) generated during arterial injury. Using xanthine/xanthine oxidase to generate active oxygen species, we studied the effects of these agents on VSMC growth. Xanthine/xanthine oxidase (100 microM xanthine and 5 microunits/ml xanthine oxidase) stimulated DNA synthesis in growth-arrested VSMCs by 180% over untreated cells. Administration of the scavenging enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase demonstrated that H2O2 was primarily responsible for xanthine/xanthine oxidase-induced VSMC DNA synthesis. H2O2 directly increased VSMC DNA synthesis and cell number (maximal at 200 microM) but decreased DNA synthesis of endothelial cells and fibroblasts. This effect was protein kinase C independent: sphingosine, a potent protein kinase C inhibitor, failed to block H2O2-induced VSMC DNA synthesis. H2O2 (200 microM) stimulated c-myc and c-fos mRNA levels by fourfold and 20-fold, respectively, as compared with quiescent levels. In contrast to DNA synthesis, H2O2 induction of c-myc and c-fos mRNA was primarily protein kinase C dependent. These findings show that H2O2 specifically increases VSMC DNA synthesis and suggest a role for this oxidant in intimal proliferation, especially after arterial injury.
Establishment of a mouse skin model of the lichenification in human chronic eczematous dermatitis
Authors: Y. Matsunaga, Y. Ogura, R. Ehama, S. Amano, T. Nishiyama, H. Tagami
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Repeated mechanical stresses, such as scratching and rubbing, on a lesional skin area induce a rough skin condition known as lichenification in patients with chronic eczematous dermatitis. For ethical reasons, the pathomechanisms involved are difficult to study, so an animal model is required.To study the pathomechanisms of the unique rough skin changes seen in chronic eczematous dermatitis, we established a mouse skin model by repeated tape stripping to inflict stratum corneum (SC) barrier disruption. The skin characteristics of the model were investigated biologically, histologically and pharmacologically.Tape stripping was done on mouse back skin three times a week for 4 weeks. The skin changes were studied by obtaining negative replicas, haematoxylin and eosin staining, immunostaining for CD31 and BrdU, and measuring epidermal and cutaneous thickness and skin capacitance. Activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, 9 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) in the skin tissues were analysed by zymography. The effects of MMP inhibitor and glycine were assessed.The repeated tape stripping produced crusting and desquamation at 48 h, followed 1 week later by the formation of shallow furrows, which became much deeper after 4 weeks, appearing as fine and regular wrinkles. The resultant wrinkled skin resembled lichenified skin seen in patients with chronic eczematous dermatitis. Histopathologically, we found acanthosis, hypergranulosis and hyperkeratosis even at 48 h, and the skin was 2.5 times thicker than untreated control skin at 4 weeks. We observed angiogenesis in the upper dermis at 1 and 4 weeks. Skin capacitance, a parameter of SC hydration, displayed consistently low levels throughout the experimental period. Although the dermis was also thickened, the activity of MMP-9 was sharply increased only at 24 and 48 h after tape stripping, declining thereafter to the control level. Topical applications of CGS-27023A (CGS), an MMP inhibitor, failed to suppress this tape-stripping-induced wrinkle formation. In contrast, topical applications of a barrier recovery accelerator, glycine, effectively inhibited the wrinkle formation induced by repeated tape stripping.The induction of fine and regular wrinkles by inflicting chronic SC barrier disruption in this model involves mainly epidermal changes, which is in sharp contrast to the mainly dermal changes induced by chronic ultraviolet B irradiation.
Juvenile features in adult‐type chronic granulocytic leukemia
Authors: James C. Gay, Emmanuel N. Dessypris, James S. Roloff, John N. Lukens
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1984)

Abstract Philadelphia chromosome (Ph 1 ) positive, or “adult‐type,” chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) differs in many clinical and laboratory aspects from PH 1 ‐negative, or “juvenile,” CGL. Because of these differences, the disorders have been considered two distinct disease entities. We present a child with Ph 1 ‐positive CGL whose disease has several features more characteristic of the Ph 1 ‐negative syndrome. This case demonstrates that the chromosomal anomaly in CGL is not always predictive of phenotypic expression in this disease.
Congenital protein C deficiency and thrombotic disease in nine French families.
Authors: M H Horellou, J Conard, R M Bertina, M Samama
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Investigation of 118 patients for protein C deficiency using an immunological and a functional assay, and subsequent investigation of those (nine) found to be deficient, identified 22 patients (14 women, eight men) with protein C deficiency, of whom six were asymptomatic, 15 had histories of venous thromboembolism, and one had a history of arterial thromboembolism. Protein C deficiency was associated in the nine probands with young age at first episode of thromboembolic disease (mean 24.1 (SD 11.9) years), absence of a precipitating condition (five (56%], and a family history of thromboembolic disease (six (66%]. Investigation of the nine families suggested autosomal dominant transmission of the defect. Thromboembolic episodes were seen in patients with protein C antigen concentrations below 0.6 U/ml. Mean (SD) protein C antigen concentrations were 0.48 (0.12) U/ml in 18 patients not receiving oral anticoagulant treatment and 0.28 (0.05) U/ml in four receiving such treatment. One patient with severe protein C deficiency (0.16 U/ml) developed skin necrosis soon after starting oral anticoagulant treatment.
Precaution systems and ritualized behavior
Authors: Pascal Boyer, Pierre Liénard
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

In reply to commentary on our target article, we supply further evidence and hypotheses in the description of ritualized behaviors in humans. Reactions to indirect fitness threats probably activate specialized precaution systems rather than a unified form of danger-avoidance or causal reasoning. Impairment of precaution systems may be present in pathologies other than obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), autism in particular. Ritualized behavior is attention-grabbing enough to be culturally transmitted whether or not it is associated with group identity, cohesion, or with any other social aspect of collective ceremonies.
TRAUMATIC PERFORATION OF THE COLON IN A PATIENT WITH A COLOSTOMY
Authors: Earle I. Greene
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Traumatic perforation of a normal colon following irrigation through a colostomy stoma is an infrequent occurrence. A review of the literature for the last 18 years reveals only one report 1 of a similar complication. Traumatic perforation of the normal colon from foreign bodies, nonpenetrating wounds of the abdominal wall, or compressed air has been reported in the literature more frequently. Since perforation of a normal colon proximate to a colostomy stoma may occur, it is essential that the physician be aware of its possibility and that patients be given detailed instructions for safely irrigating the bowel.  The literature contains many articles on the postoperative care of patients with a colostomy, but little has been written about the proper administration of enemas. There appear to be two ways in which a perforation of a normal colon in such a patient can occur. First, the patient by being rough, may force
Carriage of Reduced-Function <i>CYP2C19</i> Allele Among Patients Treated With Clopidogrel—Reply
Authors: Jessica L. Mega, Marc S. Sabatine
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 888: In vitro selection of prostate cancer cell-specific molecular recognition elements
Authors: Ryan M. Williams, Sara Nayeem, Letha J. Sooter
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Among males in the United States, prostate cancer is the most-diagnosed cancer and is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Current detection and therapeutic methods are not specific for the disease. The current standard in detection, prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels in the blood, was recently given a “D” grade by the U.S. Preventative Services Task Force. To address this problem, molecular recognition elements (MREs) that bind with high affinity and specificity to a molecule displayed on the surface of prostate cancer cells but not benign prostate cells are being developed. MREs are obtained through the in vitro selection process, which is the iterative enrichment of a large pool of random biomolecules for those that bind to a target of interest but not closely related targets. Seven rounds of in vitro selection have been completed, enriching a yeast-displayed single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody library with an initial diversity of 10^9 molecules. First, three rounds of biopanning were performed. In the positive panning selections, yeast-displayed scFv molecules were incubated with the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line. Those that bound to the LNCaP cells were amplified and subjected to a negative panning selection, in which the scFv's were incubated with benign prostate cell lines. These cell lines represented high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, benign prostate hyperplasia, and normal prostate cells. Those that did not bind to the benign cells were amplified. Then, four rounds of fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS) were completed with increasing stringency. Binding of selected scFv MREs is being characterized. This work will produce a prostate cancer cell-specific MRE useful in specific detection and therapeutic targeting of prostate cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 888. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-888
Akathisia and Head and Body Rocking in Schizophrenia-Reply
Authors: Peter Weiden
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Lauterbach makes the important point that akathisia needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of hyperkinetic movements for anyone receiving antipsychotic medications. I would only like to underscore Dr Lauterbach's comments by emphasizing that severe akathisia occurs in patients receiving low doses of prochlorperazine (Compazine) or metoclopramide hydrochloride (Reglan),<sup>1</sup>often goes unrecognized,<sup>2</sup>and is so distressing that it can lead to suicide.<sup>3</sup>
Environmental priming influences allergen‐specific nasal reactivity
Authors: J. Toth, C. Schultze‐Werninghaus, B. Marks, A. F. P. Temmel, P. Stübner, S. Jäger, F. Horak
Journal: Allergy (1998)

Preceding mucosal response to one allergen leads to the priming of the nasal mucosal response to another allergen. This study aimed to determine whether environmental allergens, especially ubiquitous animal dander, can induce nasal priming.We investigated 26 grass-pollen-allergic subjects with additional sensitization to other aeroallergens. We performed continuous allergen challenge for 2 h with 1500 Dactylis glomerata pollen/m3 in the Vienna challenge chamber. The nasal flow at 150 Pa was examined, and subjective scores were obtained every 15 min. Statistical analysis was calculated from the area under curve of nasal flow reduction by Student's t-test and the Mann-Whitney U-test. Alpha was 0.05.In subjects with positive cat-dander RAST (class of > or = 3), besides grass-pollen allergy, the specific nasal allergic reaction to Dactylis challenge was significantly pronounced (P < 0.01), and an earlier onset of reaction was evident. The same results were obtained with additional sensitization to dog dander (P < 0.05). Concomitant sensitization to mugwort also led to escalating symptoms (P < 0.05).These results indicate that a specific nasal allergic reaction is augmented by environmental priming caused by ubiquitous animal dander and possibly is influenced by the daily use of spices.