tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exertion of stairclimbing in normal subjects and in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis.
Authors: A N Johnson, D F Cooper, R H Edwards
Journal: Thorax (1977)

The exertion of stairclimbing has been studied in 10 normal young men, 10 healthy middle-aged men, and 10 middle-aged men with chronic bronchitis. Subjects climbed a staircase with a total vertical ascent of 40.8 m. They were allowed to adopt the most comfortable pattern of ascent, the patients having to stop at intervales for rest pauses. Work rate was determined by timing the raising body weight over measured sections of the staircase. Perception of exertion estimated with a numerical scale, heart rate, and increase of blood lactate concentration were closely similar in all three groups at the top of the staircase. In the patients, average power output was directly dependent on lung function, as indicated by the forced expired volume in 1 second. Stairclimbing offers a simple way of studying a patient9s spontaneous activity pattern in a 9real life9 environment. Studies of the kind described here could usefully complement formal exercise testing in the laboratory.
John Hutley Breed
Authors: N. Breed
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Consultant anaesthetist South Manchester 1963-94 (b 1930; q London 1952; DA, FFARCS), died from lung cancer on 26 November 2001.

John spent his national service as medical officer on the yacht of the admiral commanding the British fleet in the Far East. During his career as a consultant he was actively involved in the coordination and organisation of clinical anaesthetic services, the training of junior anaesthetists, and also in administration and management. He established a perfusion service to support the development of major cardiac surgery at Baguley Hospital in Manchester, which later became known as the Regional Cardiothoracic Centre at the University Hospital of South Manchester. He leaves a wife, Jennifer; two sons; and four granddaughters.
Study of fatal bone marrow depression with special reference to phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone.
Authors: W H Inman
Journal: BMJ (1977)

The histories of 269 patients whose death certificates did not mention a drug as the cause of aplastic anaemia or agranulocytosis were investigated. Eighty-three deaths were probably caused by drugs, the most common cause of aplastic anaemia being treatment with phenylbutazone (28 deaths) and oxyphenbutazone (11 deaths). Thirteen out of 17 deaths from agranulocytosis were attributed to co-trimoxazole treatment. A separate survey of general practitioners' prescriptions enabled the mortality to be estimated. With the addition of one death due to oxyphenbutazone and four deaths due to phenylbutazone that were reported independently to the committee, the mortality from oxyphenbutazone was 3-8 per 100 000 and from phenylbutazone 2-2 per 100 000. With phenylbutazone the rates varied from under 1 death per 100 000 for men aged under 65 years to 6 per 100 000 for women aged 65 and over. Small numbers precluded estimates for oxyphenbutazone in these subgroups, although a similar trend was suggested. No particular indication for treatment seems to carry a higher risk, the main concern being the use of these two drugs in elderly patients.
Inhaled Interferon: A Novel Treatment for Virus-induced Asthma?
Authors: Daniel J. Jackson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Virus infections play a critical role in both the inception and exacerbation of asthma (1). Over 80% of asthma exacerbations in children and more than half of asthma exacerbations in adults are associated with virus infections, most commonly rhinovirus (RV) (2). Conventional therapies are only partially effective in the prevention of asthma exacerbations, and strategies directed toward the virus itself and/or antiviral immune responses are currently unavailable to clinicians and their patients. In this issue of the Journal, Djukanovic and colleagues (pp. 145–154) report the results of a phase 2 clinical trial examining the efficacy of inhaled interferon (IFN)-β (SNG-001) for the prevention and treatment of asthma symptoms associated with upper respiratory virus infections in adults with asthma (3).
Oral acyclovir in acute herpes zoster.
Authors: M W McKendrick, J I McGill, J E White, M J Wood
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Oral acyclovir at a dose of 800 mg five times daily for seven days was compared with placebo in a randomised double blind trial conducted at three centres in the United Kingdom. The study group comprised 205 elderly immune competent patients suffering from herpes zoster who were entered within 72 hours of the onset of rash. Acyclovir significantly reduced the times to arrest of new lesion formation (p = 0.005), loss of vesicles (p less than 0.001), and full crusting (p = 0.02) in those patients entered within 48 hours of the onset of rash. In addition, there was a significant reduction in pain during treatment with acyclovir as compared with placebo (p = 0.008). Of the patients with severe pain on entry, 40% (10/25) of those treated with acyclovir had no or only mild pain at the end of treatment, whereas in the placebo group all had residual moderate or severe pain (p less than 0.001). No clinically important adverse effects of acyclovir were reported. Oral acyclovir may modify acute herpes zoster and reduce pain.
Overdiagnosis of Lyme Disease
Authors: Robert T. Schoen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters1 November 1998Overdiagnosis of Lyme DiseaseRobert T. Schoen, MD and M. Carrington Reid, PhD, MDRobert T. Schoen, MDYale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT 06516Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System; West Haven, CT 06516Search for more papers by this author and M. Carrington Reid, PhD, MDYale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT 06516Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System; West Haven, CT 06516Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-9-199811010-00032 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Mr. Ferguson suggests that empirical antibiotic therapy may be more cost-effective for patients whose symptoms may or may not represent late-stage Lyme disease. Our results do not support this view. Although we were pleased to read that his symptoms improved after a brief course of tetracycline therapy, we do not know whether the institution of antibiotic therapy and resolution of symptoms are causally related.Dr. Cherney raises several concerns about our study. Given our stated research objectives, she questions whether biased assessments of study patients could have occurred. Primary outcomes were abstracted from patients' medical records by investigators ...References1. Steere AC, Taylor E, McHugh GL, Logigian EL. The overdiagnosis of Lyme disease. JAMA. 1993; 269:1812-6. Google Scholar2. Rose CD, Fawcett PT, Gibney KM, Doughty RA. The overdiagnosis of Lyme disease in children residing in an endemic area. Clin Pediatr. 1994; 33:663-8. Google Scholar3. Bakken LL, Case KL, Callister SM, Bourdeau NJ, Schell RF. Performance of 45 laboratories participating in a proficiency testing program for Lyme disease serology. JAMA. 1992; 268:891-5. Google Scholar4. Tilton RC, Sand MN, Manak M. The Western immunoblot for Lyme disease: determination of sensitivity, specificity, and interpretive criteria for use of commercially available performance panels. Clin Infect Dis. 1997; 25(Suppl 1):S31-4. Google Scholar5. Donta ST. Tetracycline therapy for chronic Lyme disease. Clin Infect Dis. 1997; 25(Suppl 1):S52-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven, CT 06516Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System; West Haven, CT 06516 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1998Volume 129, Issue 9Page: 752-753KeywordsAntibioticsClinical trialsEnzyme linked immunosorbent assayLaboratory testsLyme diseasePeripheral neuropathySpecificityTetracyclinesWestern blot Issue Published: 1 November 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Circulating interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 concentrations are closely associated with γ-glutamyltranspeptidase activity in middle-aged Japanese men without obvious cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Kazuki Mochizuki, Yasumi Misaki, Rie Miyauchi, Satsuki Takabe, Masaya Shimada, Noriyuki Miyoshi, Yoko Ichikawa, Toshinao Goda
Journal: Metabolism (2010)
Medical School Admissions, Specialty Selection, and Distribution of Physicians
Authors: Sam Cullison
Journal: JAMA (1976)

This review of the University of Missouri-Columbia medical graduates, with similar data from two other studies, supports the thesis that hometown size and specialty choice are interrelated predictors of the community in which physicians practice. Physicians with nonmetropolitan backgrounds were two to three times as likely to select nonmetropolitan practice as physicians with urban backgrounds. Physicians entering family medicine were almost three times as likely to select nonmetropolitan practice as physicians in other primary-care specialties. Presence of both predictors (nonmetropolitan background and selection of family medicine) resulted in two thirds selecting nonmetropolitan practice. However, selection of family medicine by graduates with urban backgrounds or selection of other specialties by graduates with nonmetropolitan backgrounds did not appreciably increase the likelihood of nonmetropolitan practice. These data have implications for medical school admissions policy and curriculum. (<i>JAMA</i>235:502-505, 1976)
Correction: Streptokinase Meta-Analysis
Authors: Andre S. Midgette
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters15 March 1991Correction: Streptokinase Meta-AnalysisAndre S. Midgette, MD, MPHAndre S. Midgette, MD, MPHSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-6-522_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThere were three errors in the article by Midgette and colleagues (1). In the abstract the sentence in the Results section should have read: "A total of 9650 patients with suspected inferior infarction had a mortality rate in the control group of7.6%." The fourth paragraph on page 964 should have read: "Among the 9650 patients with suspected acute inferior myocardial infarction, the overall mortality in the control group was7.6%, whereas that for treated patients was 6.6%." In table 3, the mean risk difference for patients with anterior myocardial infarction should have beenminus4.8 (- 4.8)....Reference1. MidgetteO'ConnorBaronBell AGJJ. Effect of intravenous streptokinase on early mortality in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. A meta-analysis by anatomic location of infarction. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:961-8. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Veterans Affairs Hospital White River Junction, VT 05001 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 March 1991Volume 114, Issue 6Page: 522-522KeywordsDeath ratesInfarctionMortalityMyocardial infarction ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 March 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...
Intermittent Prophylaxis with Oral Truvada Protects Macaques from Rectal SHIV Infection
Authors: J. Gerardo García-Lerma, Mian-er Cong, James Mitchell, Ae S. Youngpairoj, Qi Zheng, Silvina Masciotra, Amy Martin, Zsuzsanna Kuklenyik, Angela Holder, Jonathan Lipscomb, Chou-Pong Pau, John R. Barr, Debra L. Hanson, Ron Otten, Lynn Paxton, Thomas M. Folks, Walid Heneine
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2010)

Treating monkeys with single doses of an antiretroviral drug before and after exposure to SHIV provides protection against infection, a schedule that may prove practical in humans.
Radiation Enhancement of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma by the Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor PF-05212384
Authors: Andrew J. Leiker, William DeGraff, Rajani Choudhuri, Anastasia L. Sowers, Angela Thetford, John A. Cook, Carter Van Waes, James B. Mitchell
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Purpose: Radiation remains a mainstay for the treatment of nonmetastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), a malignancy characterized by a high rate of PI3K/mTOR signaling axis activation. We investigated the ATP-competitive dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, PF-05212384, as a radiosensitizer in preclinical HNSCC models. Experimental Design: Extent of radiation enhancement of two HNSCC cell lines (UMSCC1-wtP53 and UMSCC46-mtP53) and normal human fibroblast (1522) was assessed by in vitro clonogenic assay with appropriate target inhibition verified by immunoblotting. Radiation-induced DNA damage repair was evaluated by γH2AX Western blots with the mechanism of DNA double-strand break repair abrogation investigated by cell cycle analysis, immunoblotting, and RT-PCR. PF-05212384 efficacy in vivo was assessed by UMSCC1 xenograft tumor regrowth delay, xenograft lysate immunoblotting, and tissue section immunohistochemistry. Results: PF-05212384 effectively inhibited PI3K and mTOR, resulting in significant radiosensitization of exponentially growing and plateau-phase cells with 24-hour treatment following irradiation, and variable radiation enhancement with 24-hour treatment before irradiation. Tumor cells radiosensitized to a greater extent than normal human fibroblasts. Postirradiation PF-05212384 treatment delays γH2AX foci resolution. PF-05212384 24-hour exposure resulted in an evident G1–S phase block in p53-competent cells. Fractionated radiation plus i.v. PF-05212384 synergistically delayed nude mice bearing UMSCC1 xenograft regrowth, with potential drug efficacy biomarkers identified, including pS6, pAkt, p4EBP1, and Ki67. Conclusions: Taken together, our results of significant radiosensitization both in vitro and in vivo validate the PI3K/mTOR axis as a radiation modification target and PF-05212384 as a potential clinical radiation modifier of nonmetastatic HNSCC. Clin Cancer Res; 21(12); 2792–801. ©2015 AACR.
Rearranged T-cell receptor beta genes represent powerful targets for quantification of minimal residual disease in childhood and adult T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: M Brüggemann, V H J van der Velden, T Raff, J Droese, M Ritgen, C Pott, A J Wijkhuijs, N Gökbuget, D Hoelzer, E R van Wering, J J M van Dongen, M Kneba
Journal: Leukemia (2004)
Massachusetts General — Teaching Hospital
Authors: J. H. Means
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

THE avowed purposes of the founders of the Massachusetts General Hospital were both enlightened and far-reaching. The "circular letter" dated August 20, 1810,1 which James Jackson and John C. Warren addressed to several of "the wealthiest and most influential citizens" of Boston, began with this sentence: "It has appeared very desirable to a number of respectable gentlemen, that a hospital for the reception of lunatics and other sick persons should be established in this town." Two things stand out here, the use of "hospital" instead of "asylum" in relation to the care of the insane, and the fact that "lunatics" . . .
Effect of Glycemic Control on Early Diabetic Renal Lesions
Authors: John M. Poothullil
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Barbosa and colleagues<sup>1</sup>suggest a causal relationship between hyperglycemia and glomerular and vascular lesions that characterize the pathological findings in diabetic nephropathy. Joslin<sup>2</sup>wrote that the chief cause of premature development of arteriosclerosis in diabetes was an excess of fat: an excess of fat in the body, an excess of fat in the diet, and an excess of fat in the blood. An editorial in<i>JAMA</i>reaffirmed this in 1989.<sup>3</sup>Further, lack of correlation between a persistent hyperglycemic state and the development of diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy has been demonstrated.<sup>4</sup> Is it not possible that the lesser tendency to develop diabetic nephropathy in patients with better glycemic control resulted from favorable blood lipid and not glucose levels? Granted, both could result from good diabetic control.
Steroids for Treatment of COPD Exacerbations
Authors: Don D. Sin, Hye Yun Park
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Candidal Suppurative Peripheral Thrombophlebitis
Authors: JAIME R. TORRES-ROJAS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Transient candidemia is common with prolonged intravenous therapy. Sustained candidemia, however, usually indicates a persistent focus of infection. A complication of intravenous therapy not previously emphasized is persistent candidemia caused by candidal suppurative peripheral thrombophlebitis. We report six cases that appeared during intravenous therapy: the infection was characterized by a thrombosed peripheral vein at an intravenous site with manifestations for Candida septicemia with or without disseminated candidiasis. In two patients, the source of the process was occult; the examination showed only a thrombosed noninflamed vein. In all cases, surgical exploration showed the thrombosed veins to be suppurative with positive cultures for Candida. Special stains, moreover, showed Candida in the luminal clot and the vascular wall. In the five surviving patients, cure was achieved by excision of the affected vein. Four received a short course of amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine, and one patient received amphotericin B only.
East London Hospital for Children, Shadwell, 1868-1963. Queen Elizabeth Hospital for Children, Shadwell.
Authors: V. A. Swain, L. Woodall
Journal: BMJ (1968)

In the summer of 1866, at the onset of the terrible scourge of Asiatic cholera in East London, Miss Sarah Goff and her sister volunteered to act as nurses, and it was there that she met Dr. Nathaniel Heckford (Fig. 1) and Dr
Exclusive rights in gastric cancer genomics: Figure 1
Authors: Russell D Petty
Journal: Gut (2012)

Elucidation of the molcular pathogenesis of cancer has provided targets for novel rationally designed targeted anticancer drugs.1 Potential targets are those molecules upon which the growth and maintenance of tumours depends and, in this regard, a key breakthrough was the recognition that tumours in individual patients can become ‘addicted’ to continued signalling from individual molecules. In such cases, developing targeted drugs against these molecules—especially receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK)—has proved very successful.2 After just over a decade of clinical research, the treatment paradigm that has emerged is the use of a predictive biomarker assay which identifies that the growth of a particular patient's tumour is dependent upon activation of a molecule and then the use of an agent against this target in that patient.1 2 This paradigm has recently been successfully applied to gastric cancer with the demonstration of the effectiveness of trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody against HER2, in HER2-positive tumours.3 Typically, minority subgroups of human cancers (based on anatomical and histopathological classification) express the predictive biomarker for a particular targeted agent and, as these subgroups are identified, a new molecular classification of human cancer is emerging that is intimately linked to available therapeutic agents. Between 7% and 17% of gastric cancers have either high expression of the HER2 protein (assessed by immunohistochemistry, 3+ score) or HER2 gene amplification, which are the clinically useful predictive biomarker assays for HER2 growth dependence and potential benefit from trastuzumab, and this is fairly typical of the proportional size of biomarker-defined subgroups that have emerged.1–3

Accordingly, a key aim of translational cancer research is to develop the investigational methodology that allows identification of addiction to a particular molecule. Gene amplification appears to be a reliable …
Epac2 Mediates Cardiac β1-Adrenergic–Dependent Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca <sup>2+</sup> Leak and Arrhythmia
Authors: Laëtitia Pereira, Hongqiang Cheng, Dieu Hung Lao, Li Na, Ralph J. van Oort, Joan Heller Brown, Xander H.T. Wehrens, Ju Chen, Donald M. Bers
Journal: Circulation (2013)

β-Adrenergic receptor (β-AR) activation can provoke cardiac arrhythmias mediated by cAMP-dependent alterations of Ca(2+) signaling. However, cAMP can activate both protein kinase A and an exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac), but their functional interaction is unclear. In heart, selective Epac activation can induce potentially arrhythmogenic sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) release that involves Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) effects on the ryanodine receptor (RyR).We tested whether physiological β-AR activation causes Epac-mediated SR Ca(2+) leak and arrhythmias and whether it requires Epac1 versus Epac2, β(1)-AR versus β(2)-AR, and CaMKIIδ-dependent phosphorylation of RyR2-S2814. We used knockout (KO) mice for Epac1, Epac2, or both. All KOs exhibited unaltered basal cardiac function, Ca(2+) handling, and hypertrophy in response to pressure overload. However, SR Ca(2+) leak induced by the specific Epac activator 8-CPT in wild-type mice was abolished in Epac2-KO and double-KO mice but was unaltered in Epac1-KO mice. β-AR-induced arrhythmias were also less inducible in Epac2-KO versus wild-type mice. β-AR activation with protein kinase A inhibition mimicked 8-CPT effects on SR Ca(2+) leak and was prevented by blockade of β(1)-AR but not β(2)-AR. CaMKII inhibition (KN93) and genetic ablation of either CaMKIIδ or CaMKII phosphorylation on RyR2-S2814 prevented 8-CPT-induced SR Ca(2+) leak.β(1)-AR activates Epac2 to induce SR Ca(2+) leak via CaMKIIδ-dependent phosphorylation of RyR2-S2814. This pathway contributes to β-AR-induced arrhythmias and reduced cardiac function.