tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Double minute chromosomes in monoblastic (M5) and myeloblastic (M2) acute myeloid leukemia: Two case reports and a review of literature
Authors: Leno Thomas, Judith Stamberg, Ivana Gojo, Yi Ning, Aaron P. Rapoport
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract Double minutes (dmin) are small, paired chromatin bodies that lack a centromere and represent a form of extrachromosomal gene amplification. Although they have been found in a variety of solid tumors, their presence in hematological malignancies, especially acute myeloid leukemia (AML), is rare. In addition, the presence of dmin may be a mechanism for upregulated oncogene expression and is generally associated with a poor prognosis. We describe two patients who had dmin at initial presentation of AML, including the first case of M5a with C‐MYC amplification on dmin, and another case with C‐MYC amplification as the only cytogenetic finding. We review here a total of 33 cases with dmin in AML. C‐MYC was amplified by the dmin in 25 cases, while other putative oncogenes were amplified in the other 8. Am. J. Hematol. 77:55–61, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cutting price of alcohol is associated with higher mortality, study shows
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Lowering the price of alcohol is associated with an increase in alcohol related mortality, a study of the effects of substantial price cuts in Finland indicates.

Alcohol related mortality rose by 16% among men and 31% among women after a series of changes in the law in 2004 reduced the price of alcoholic drinks in Finland ( American Journal of Epidemiology doi:10.1093/aje/kwn216).

“These results imply that a large reduction in the price of alcohol led to substantial increases in alcohol related mortality, particularly among the less privileged, and in chronic diseases associated with heavy drinking,” the authors, from the …
Oxidation-Specific Biomarkers, Lipoprotein(a), and Risk of Fatal and Nonfatal Coronary Events
Authors: Sotirios Tsimikas, Ziad Mallat, Philippa J. Talmud, John J.P. Kastelein, Nicholas J. Wareham, Manjinder S. Sandhu, Elizabeth R. Miller, Joelle Benessiano, Alain Tedgui, Joseph L. Witztum, Kay-Tee Khaw, S. Matthijs Boekholdt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Specialists recommend counselling women on risks of childbirth after 35
Authors: R. Coombes
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Doctors should be prepared to counsel women about the risks of delaying childbirth until after the age of 35, recommend leading obstetricians, responding to a study that shows that the average age at childbirth is continuing to increase. A study group convened by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists found that the average age at childbirth is rising throughout Europe, with no sign of the trend changing.

Stijn Hooren, a policy analyst at the non-profit think tank RAND and a coauthor of the study, looked at population trends in 21st century. “Over the past decade, the mean age of motherhood [at time of first child] in Europe has increased by nearly 50 days per year, on average. This would imply that, by 2050, mothers would be, on average, around six years older.” 

In the United Kingdom, the proportion of maternities in women aged 35 years or more has increased from 8% in 1985 to 19% in 2005 and is continuing to rise, the report found.

Anna Kenyon, lecturer in obstetrics at University College London, pointed to the many studies that …
Genome-wide mapping of FOXM1 binding reveals co-binding with estrogen receptor alpha in breast cancer cells
Authors: Deborah A Sanders, Caryn S Ross-Innes, Dario Beraldi, Jason S Carroll, Shankar Balasubramanian
Journal: Genome biology (2013)

The forkhead transcription factor FOXM1 is a key regulator of the cell cycle. It is frequently over-expressed in cancer and is emerging as an important therapeutic target. In breast cancer FOXM1 expression is linked with estrogen receptor (ERα) activity and resistance to endocrine therapies, with high levels correlated with poor prognosis. However, the precise role of FOXM1 in ER positive breast cancer is not yet fully understood. The study utilizes chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing to map FOXM1 binding in both ERα-positive and -negative breast cancer cell lines. The comparison between binding site distributions in the two cell lines uncovered a previously undescribed relationship between binding of FOXM1 and ERα. Further molecular analyses demonstrated that these two factors can bind simultaneously at genomic sites and furthermore that FOXM1 regulates the transcriptional activity of ERα via interaction with the coactivator CARM1. Inhibition of FOXM1 activity using the natural product thiostrepton revealed down-regulation of a set of FOXM1-regulated genes that are correlated with patient outcome in clinical breast cancer samples. These findings reveal a novel role for FOXM1 in ERα transcriptional activity in breast cancer and uncover a FOXM1-regulated gene signature associated with ER-positive breast cancer patient prognosis.
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF VOMITING PRODUCED BY STAPHYLOCOCCUS ENTEROTOXIN
Authors: Milward Bayliss
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

THE EMETIC ACTION OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS ENTEROTOXIN WAS TESTED ON YOUNG AND ADULT CATS UNDER VARIOUS EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS WITH THE FOLLOWING RESULTS: 1. No direct action on isolated intestinal strips was observed. 2. Emesis resulted following intravenous, intracardial, and intraperitoneal injections, but failed to appear subsequent to oral, subcutaneous, or intramuscular administration. 3. Emesis occurred following (a) celiac ganglionectomy, (b) gastrectomy, (c) spinal cord transection at T(2) or caudad, and (d) unilateral vagotomy. 4. Mild retching movements and rarely emesis resulted subsequent to enterotoxin injection following (a) double vagotomy, (b) abdominal evisceration, and (c) spinal cord transection at C(7). 5. Emesis never occurred following (a) destruction of the vomiting center, (b) injection of enterotoxin into the fourth ventricle over the vomiting center, and (c) transection of the central nervous system between the anterior border of the pons and the posterior border of the hypothalamus. 6. Morphine inhibited, ergotoxine inhibited or delayed, while atropine and pentobarbital had little or no effect on emesis due to enterotoxin injection. These experiments indicate that the action of staphylococcus enterotoxin on peripheral sensory structures is of greater importance in the initiation of emesis than direct action of the enterotoxin on the vomiting center. The principal pathways of the afferent and efferent impulses are described.
MICROBIC VIRULENCE AND HOST SUSCEPTIBILITY IN PARATYPHOID-ENTERITIDIS INFECTION OF WHITE MICE
Authors: Leslie T. Webster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1924)

If mice surviving a lethal dose of mouse typhoid bacilli are inbred consecutively for a number of generations, the resulting offspring become progressively more resistant to mouse typhoid infection and to mercury bichloride intoxication than similar control mice not so selected.
Hepatic Injury Possibly Induced by Verapamil
Authors: David T. Nash
Journal: JAMA (1983)

VERAPAMIL hydrochloride is a calcium channel-blocking drug used to treat supraventricular tachycardia and angina pectoris. Since it produces a reduction in vascular resistance, we studied it as an antihypertensive agent. This report describes a middle-aged woman who received verapamil therapy for hypertension and who experienced hepatic dysfunction manifested by enzymatic changes and mild systemic and localized symptoms. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> The patient is a 61-year-old woman. Her history was essentially noncontributory, except for a strong family history of hyperlipidemia and hypertension. She was receiving no prescription medications. A physical examination at the time of her initial visit on March 31, 1982, confirmed the diagnosis of essential hypertension. Funduscopy showed arteriovenous nicking, and a grade 1, late systolic murmur was detected by auscultation. A chest x-ray film showed clear lung fields and a minimally widened aorta; ECG was normal. There was no peripheral edema, no hepatomegaly, no ascites, or any
Focus: Westminster: The lottery of long term care
Authors: J Warden
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Britain last week acquired a minister for the family. The unofficial title was bestowed on health secretary Virginia Bottomley. It signifies her new responsibilities for coordinating Cabinet policies concerning the family. This seems a natural extension of the health secretary's statutory functions in respect of adoption, child law, and the registration of births, marriages, and deaths. And if Mrs Bottomley's ministerial duties now extend beyond the confines of health care, the move is even more appropriate in relation to those at the top of the family tree - the growing population of the very elderly, whose care is also fast becoming beyond the scope of the NHS.

On the same day that Mrs Bottomley was ordained into her new role MPs on the ombudsman select committee were agonising over the very issue of long term care of elderly patients, prompted by a recent ruling …
Early Detection and Diagnosis of Cancer
Authors: Jeanette C. Opsahl
Journal: JAMA (1962)

A serious gap has existed in the literature on cancer. Despite the enormous variety and number of impressive articles, journals, and books on cancer, there has been no single, compact volume available to the physician dealing with cancer as it ordinarily confronts him in his office and hospital practice. The defect is commendably remedied in this book. As the title implies,<i>Early Detection and Diagnosis of Cancer</i>focuses the physician's attention on 2 crucial phases of the natural history of cancer: its silent, incipient stage when it can be detected only by means of a systematized, routine "cancer checkup," and that period when it is just beginning to declare its presence by means of symptoms which may seem relatively minor or insignificant. In less than 300 pages of text, including 82 illustrations, the authors have compressed the essential facts regarding the detection and diagnosis of cancer by the practicing physician.
Global Tuberculosis
Authors: Thomas R. Frieden, Karen F. Brudney, Anthony D. Harries
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Proceedings: Defective cellular immunity in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: J Jennings
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1975)

This equals: counts' 100 seconds of tuptake of tritiated thymidine in stimulated cultures divided bv uptake in unstimulated cultures.Normal values ranged from 30 to 110 with an average of 75.t This was monitored by estimating the % release of Cr5l from the target cells.Normal values ranged from 30 to 85 with an average of 62.Cell mediated immunity to synovial antigens in rheumatoid arthritis.
Asthma across the ages: Knowledge gaps in childhood asthma
Authors: Stanley J. Szefler, James F. Chmiel, Anne M. Fitzpatrick, George Giacoia, Thomas P. Green, Daniel J. Jackson, Heber C. Nielsen, Wanda Phipatanakul, Hengameh H. Raissy
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Probucol (Lorelco) in Treatment of Hyperlipemia
Authors: Barbara F. Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The chemical structure of probucol differs from that of other hypolipemic agents, and its mechanism of action is unknown. This agent lowers elevated serum cholesterol (and low-density lipoprotein) levels and appears to be effective when used as an adjunct to a low-cholesterol, low-saturated-fat diet for treatment of type lla hyperlipoproteinemia in adults; however, it is less effective than cholestyramine resin in patients with familial type lla disorder. Although probucol has no consistent effect on elevated triglyceride levels, it may be useful as an adjunct to other drugs that lower these concentrations in patients with types llb, III, and IV hyperlipoproteinemia when hypercholesterolemia persists. Probucol is generally well tolerated. (<i>JAMA</i>238:2537-2538, 1977)
Long-Term Oral Anticoagulant Therapy in Patients With Unstable Angina or Suspected Non–Q-Wave Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Sonia S. Anand, Salim Yusuf, Janice Pogue, Jeffrey I. Weitz, Marcus Flather
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Patients with acute ischemic syndromes (AIS) suffer high rates of recurrent ischemic events despite aspirin treatment. Long-term therapy with oral anticoagulants in addition to aspirin may reduce this risk. We studied the effects of long-term warfarin at 2 intensities in patients with AIS without ST elevation in 2 consecutive randomized controlled studies. Methods and Results —In phase 1, after the cessation of 3 days of intravenous antithrombotic therapy, 309 patients were randomized to receive fixed low-dose (3 mg/d) warfarin for 6 months that produced a mean international normalized ratio (INR) of 1.5±0.6 or to standard therapy. Eighty-seven percent of patients received aspirin in both groups. The rates of cardiovascular (CV) death, new myocardial infarction (MI), and refractory angina at 6 months were 6.5% in the warfarin group and 3.9% in the standard therapy group (relative risk [RR], 1.66; 95% CI, 0.62 to 4.44; P =0.31). The rates of death, new MI, and stroke were 6.5% in the warfarin group and 2.6% in the standard therapy group (RR, 2.48; 95% CI, 0.80 to 7.75; P =0.10). The overall rate of rehospitalization for unstable angina was 21% and did not differ significantly between the groups. Four patients in the warfarin group (2.6%) and none in the control group experienced a major bleed (RR, 2.48; 95% CI, 0.80 to 7.75), and there was a significant excess of minor bleeds in the warfarin group (14.2% versus 2.6%; RR, 5.46; 95% CI, 1.93 to 15.5; P =0.001). In phase 2, the protocol was modified, and 197 patients were randomized &lt;48 hours from the onset of symptoms to receive warfarin at an adjusted dose that produced a mean INR of 2.3±0.6 or standard therapy for 3 months. Eighty-five percent received aspirin in both groups. The rates of CV death, new MI, and refractory angina at 3 months were 5.1% in the warfarin group and 12.1% in the standard group (RR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.15 to 1.15; P =0.08). The rates of all death, new MI, and stroke were 5.1% in the warfarin group and 13.1% in the standard therapy group (RR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.14 to 1.05; P =0.05). Significantly fewer patients were rehospitalized for unstable angina in the warfarin group than in the control group (7.1% and 17.2%, respectively; RR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.96; P =0.03). Two patients in the warfarin group and 1 in the control group experienced a major bleed, and there was a significant excess of minor bleeds in the warfarin group (28.6% versus 12.1%; RR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.37 to 4.36; P =0.004). Conclusions —Long-term treatment with moderate-intensity warfarin (INR, 2.0 to 2.5) plus aspirin but not low-intensity warfarin (INR, 1.5) plus aspirin appears to reduce the rate of recurrent ischemic events in patients with AIS without ST elevation.
Low-protein Purine-free Diet in Treatment of Acute Leukaemia in Children: Preliminary Communication
Authors: B. Halikowski, J. Armata, S. Garwicz
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Diagnosis of Pregnancy-AIMarks and Shackcloth MEDICALYJOURNAL 519two different kinds of test should be used routinely in patients receiving phenothiazine treatment.Increased production and excretion of pituitary luteinizing hormone is suggested as the possible cause of false-positive immunological and biological pregnancy tests in phenothiazine-treated subjects.
When organization meets emotions, does the socio-relational framework fail?
Authors: Frédéric Basso, Olivier Oullier
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract We suggest that the framework proposed by Vigil is useful in laboratory contexts but might come up short for in vivo social interactions. Emotions result from cost-benefits trade-offs but are not solely generated at the individual level to establish emotional social spheres. In organizational contexts, emotion expression can be a constitutive part of a professional activity, and observed sex differences might vanish.
Cardiac arrest in patients without significant structural heart disease: A multicenter experience with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy
Authors: M.D. Meissner, R.D. Mosteller, R.T. Stelnman, M. Akhtar, D. Cannom, A. Epstein, R. Fogoros, L.B. Liem, F. Marchilnski, R. Myerburg, E. Veltri, C. Schuger, M.H. Lehmann
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
New Zealand proposals to unshackle hospitals.
Authors: R. J. Maxwell
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Clinical trials are particularly taxing in patients with the carcinoid syndrome.Studies of the impact of treatment on mortality are difficult because survival may be prolonged and the range is wide.The rarity of the disease also means that such studies cannot be done in a single centre.Comparative studies that measure the quality of life are also difficult because patients vary so much in both the severity and their tolerance of symptoms.Studies at different times in the same patient may, however, be valuable.The best policy at the moment seems to be to control mild symptoms ifnecessary with simple blocking drugs and then to resort to somatostatin when these are no longer enough.Embolisation of the hepatic artery or chemotherapy should be considered when somatostatin is no longer effective.
Stringent rosiglitazone-dependent gene switch in muscle cells without effect on myogenic differentiation
Authors: Semi Tascou, Tine-Kring Sorensen, Valérie Glénat, Manping Wang, Mélissa M Lakich, Raphaël Darteil, Emmanuelle Vigne, Vincent Thuillier
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

We have developed a gene switch based on the human transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and its activation by rosiglitazone. However, ectopic expression of PPARgamma has been demonstrated to convert myogenic cells into adipocyte-like cells and, more generally, may interfere with the physiology of the target tissue. Consequently we modified the DNA-binding specificity of PPARgamma, resulting in a transcription factor that we named PPAR*. We demonstrated by histological and molecular assessment of cell phenotype that the overexpression of PPAR* did not alter the myogenic differentiation program of G8 myoblasts. We showed that PPAR* does not transactivate promoters containing PPARgamma-responsive elements but transactivates promoters containing PPAR*-responsive elements that are at least 80% identical to a 20-bp consensus. We improved the rosiglitazone-dependent gene switch by tuning PPAR* expression with a scaffold/matrix attachment region and by expressing both PPAR* and the reporter gene under the control of PPAR*-responsive elements. Treatment of cultured murine muscle cells (myotubes) with rosiglitazone induced reporter gene expression from assay background up to the level attained by a CMV I/E promoter-enhancer. These results indicate the potential of the PPAR* gene switch for use in gene therapy applications.
Reactions of aqueous chlorine and chlorine dioxide with model food compounds.
Authors: M Y Fukayama, H Tan, W B Wheeler, C I Wei
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Chlorine and chlorine dioxide (ClO2), common disinfecting and bleaching chemicals used in the food industry, are potent oxidizing and chlorinating agents. Unfortunately, little is known about the nature of the reactions of chlorine with organic food constituents. This presentation reviews published information concerning the reactions of chlorine gas (Cl2[g]), aqueous chlorine, and ClO2 with model food compounds, the fate of chlorine during the chlorination of specific food products, and the potential toxicity of the reaction products. Fatty acids and their methyl esters react with chlorine with the degree of incorporation corresponding to their degree of unsaturation. Aqueous chlorine oxidizes and chlorinates lipids and amino acids much more readily than ClO2. Several amino acids are highly susceptible to oxidation and chlorination by chlorine compounds. Reactions of chlorine and ClO2 with several food products, including flour and shrimp, have also been characterized. In one model system, 99% of Cl2(g) either reacted with components of flour or was consumed by oxidation/chlorination reactions. The lipids extracted from the chlorinated flour contained significant amounts of chlorine. Exposure of shrimp to hypochlorous acid (HOCl) solution resulted in significant incorporation of chlorine into the edible portion. Although significant quantities of chlorine can be incorporated into specific model compounds and food products, the health risks associated with exposure to chlorinated organic products are unknown. Preliminary studies using the Ames Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay indicate that the reaction products from mixtures of aqueous chlorine and various lipids or tryptophan are nonmutagenic. Nevertheless, additional studies are warranted, so that the toxicological significance of these reaction products can be understood more fully.
Golf related head injuries in children.
Authors: P O Brennan
Journal: BMJ (1991)

SIR,-Dr K R Sumner suggests that examination ofthe brain is not included in the coroner's necropsy in his area and that some deaths are therefore wrongly attributed to coronary artery disease.I can assure him that this is not standard practice.In most places, including my own department, full examination of the brain is routinely performed in both coroners' and hospital necropsies.In some cases the brain may even be suspended in formalin and examined after fixation.Only in exceptional circumstances-for example, a hospital necropsy for which permission to open the head is refused - would this practice be altered.Pathologists, more than anyone, recognise the limitations of a necropsy in establishing cause of death.Often it may be more appropriate simply to record the gross abnormalities present, accepting that the role of cardiac arrhythmias, metabolic disorders, etc, may be impossible to establish.This is particularly so if procedures such as full dissection and histological examination of the cardiac conducting system, not feasible as a routine in district general hospitals' pathology departments, are not performed.The coroner, however, will require the pathologist to give a cause of death at the end of the necropsy.Failure to do
Use of Alcohol by Addict and Nonaddict Populations
Authors: BARRY S. BROWN, NICHOLAS J. KOZEL, MARILYN B. MEYERS, ROBERT L. DUPONT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

The authors studied the use of alcohol by a sample of narcotics addicts (N=140) and by a sample of nonaddict nonalcoholics (N=100). They found that the addicts' use of alcohol prior to their use of heroin significantly exceeded that of the normal sample. However, the addicts' use of alcohol decreased as they became involved with heroin and did not increase during treatment.