tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Urinary Concentrations of Bisphenol A and 4-Nonylphenol in a Human Reference Population
Authors: Antonia M. Calafat, Zsuzsanna Kuklenyik, John A. Reidy, Samuel P. Caudill, John Ekong, Larry L. Needham
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Bisphenol A (BPA) is used to manufacture polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins, which are used in baby bottles, as protective coatings on food containers, and for composites and sealants in dentistry. 4-Nonylphenol (NP) is used to make nonylphenol ethoxylates, nonionic surfactants applied as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or stabilizing agents in industrial, agricultural, and domestic consumer products. The potential for human exposure to BPA and NP is high because of their widespread use. We measured BPA and NP in archived urine samples from a reference population of 394 adults in the United States using isotope-dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The concentration ranges of BPA and NP were similar to those observed in other human populations. BPA was detected in 95% of the samples examined at concentrations > or = 0.1 microg/L urine; the geometric mean and median concentrations were 1.33 microg/L (1.36 microg/g creatinine) and 1.28 microg/L (1.32 microg/g creatinine), respectively; the 95th percentile concentration was 5.18 microg/L (7.95 microg/g creatinine). NP was detected in 51% of the samples examined > or = 0.1 microg/L. The median and 95th percentile concentrations were < 0.1 microg/L and 1.57 microg/L (1.39 microg/g creatinine), respectively. The frequent detection of BPA suggests widespread exposure to this compound in residents of the United States. The lower frequency of detection of NP than of BPA could be explained by a lower exposure of humans to NP, by different pharmacokinetic factors (i.e., absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination), by the fact that 4-n-nonylphenol--the measured NP isomer--represents a small percentage of the NP used in commercial mixtures, or a combination of all of the above. Additional research is needed to determine the best urinary biomarker(s) to assess exposure to NP. Despite the sample population's nonrepresentativeness of the U.S. population (although sample weights were used to improve the extent to which the results represent the U.S. population) and relatively small size, this study provides the first reference range of human internal dose levels of BPA and NP in a demographically diverse human population.
Reply to Sigurdur Gudjónsson's Letter to the Editor re: Willem Oosterlinck, Richard Sylvester, Marco Babjuk, et al. Should All Patients Receive an Immediate Chemotherapeutic Drug Instillation After Resection of Papillary Bladder Tumors? Eur Urol 2011;59:374–6
Authors: Willem Oosterlinck
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Gene-Environment Interactions and Depression—Reply
Authors: Kathleen Ries Merikangas
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Determination of iron to phosphorus ratios of iron storage compounds in patients with iron overload: A chemical and electron probe X-ray microanalysis
Authors: Maud I. Cleton, Erik J. Frenkel, Willem C. de Bruijn, Joannes J. M. Marx
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

The amounts of phosphorus and iron in various isolated ferritin preparations were investigated by: (i) chemical analysis on ferritin samples and (ii) electron probe X-ray microanalysis on ferritin particles from the same preparations. A high correlation was found between iron to phosphorus ratios obtained by both methods. Further investigation by electron probe X-ray microanalysis on lysosomes of hepatic cells of patients with idiopathic and secondary hemochromatosis revealed lysosomal iron to phosphorus ratios which were very similar in all parenchymal cells but different from ratios obtained in Kupffer cells. Lysosomal iron to phosphorus ratios in hepatocytes did not change after intensive phlebotomy treatment. It is postulated therefore that, during phlebotomy, iron and phosphorus are concomitantly lost from the hepatic lysosomes.
THE OLD JEFFERSON HOSPITAL.
Authors: J. CHALMERS DA COSTA
Journal: JAMA (1907)

We meet to-day to dignify with appropriate ceremonies an event of the first importance in the history of this school—an event long hoped for, long despaired of, but which has finally come to pass. The dream of a multitude of yesterdays is realized to-day, and this splendid new hospital is a monument, not to public vanity, not private gain, but to unselfish effort for humanity and science. Those who tracked the toilsome pathway, those who bore the heavy burden, may well be pardoned a feeling of exultation and a sense of triumph. My first and most agreeable duty is to turn to the Hon. William Potter and his associates of the board of trustees, and, in the name of the great alumni of this school and of my colleagues of the faculty, tender our heartfelt and most grateful thanks. This event is of the first importance to the Jefferson Medical
Role of adrenoceptors and dopamine receptors in modulating left ventricular diastolic function.
Authors: R M Lang, J D Carroll, S Nakamura, H Itoh, S I Rajfer
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

Although both dopamine and dobutamine are potent positive inotropic agents, multiple studies indicate that dopamine may produce a rise in left ventricular (LV) filling pressure, while dobutamine often has the opposite effect. To ascertain the pharmacological and hemodynamic mechanisms responsible for the elevation in LV filling pressure observed with dopamine, we administered incremental infusions (2, 4, and 6 micrograms/kg/min) of dopamine to 18 open-chest, anesthetized dogs in the presence and absence of rauwolscine (selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist) (n = 7), terazosin (selective alpha 1-antagonist) (n = 6), and domperidone (selective dopamine2 antagonist) (n = 5), while measuring pressures in the LV and left atrium and changes in dimension in the LV short-axis (with ultrasonic piezo crystals). Dobutamine (2, 4, and 6 micrograms/kg/min) was infused in five additional dogs before and after administration of rauwolscine. The time constant of isovolumic pressure decay, peak lengthening rate (mm/sec), LV end-diastolic pressure, and diastolic pressure-dimension relation were computed. A significant elevation in LV end-diastolic pressure and a parallel increase in LV end-diastolic chamber size was observed with dopamine, while a decline in LV end-diastolic pressure occurred with dobutamine. Yet both dopamine and dobutamine caused a dose-related acceleration of pressure decay and augmentation of peak lengthening rate. Furthermore, heart rate declined during the administration of dopamine but rose with dobutamine. In the presence of either rauwolscine or terazosin, dopamine infusion resulted in a positive chronotropic effect and dose-dependent reductions in LV end-diastolic pressure and end-diastolic chamber dimension; arterial pressure fell only after terazosin administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN OVER 1,000 PATIENTS WITH CONTINUOUS FLOW LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICES
Authors: Geetha Bhat, Ashim Aggarwal, Antone Tatooles, Mark Slaughter, Ulrich Jorde, Robert Brewer, Leway Chen, Kartik Sundareswaran, David Farrar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The Burden of Chronic Hyperglycemia
Authors: Charles M Clark
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

Diabetic complications constitute the principal clinical and economic burdens of diabetes. Available evidence indicates that sustained reduction in hyperglycemia (as measured by HbA1c) reduces the incidence of diabetic complications, including microvascular and neurological disease, and will likely reduce the risk of macrovascular disease. In the U.S., targeting interventions to aged and ethnic subpopulations, which are currently receiving suboptimal care, and increasing efforts to lower the average HbA1c concentrations one or two percentage points in people with diabetes would be a more cost-effective goal than aiming for a theoretical HbA1c threshold below which the risk of complications is negligible. Other risk factors for diabetic complications, such as obesity, hypertension, cigarette smoking, and hypercholesterolemia, must also be addressed to reduce the burden of diabetes.
Preserved Intervertebral Spacing Associated with Intervertebral Disk Destruction
Authors: William L. Caldwell
Journal: JAMA (1961)

SINCE THE ADVENT of effective chemotherapy for tuberculosis, the incidence of spinal and paraspinal tuberculosis has decreased sharply. Faradvanced cases are particularly rare. However, such a case was recently seen at the San Francisco General Hospital. This patient had neglected to return for the scheduled follow-up of his tuberculosis, which had been diagnosed in 1950. When he presented himself for admission on July 4, 1958, he had extensive extrapulmonary disease.  Report of a Case  A 39-year-old man was admitted to the San Francisco General Hospital on July 4, 1958, with a 10-lb. weight loss (over 3 weeks), fatigue, weakness, anorexia, back pain, and a draining fistula of the right lower quadrant. The fistula was first noted in April, 1950, when he was admitted to another hospital with a temperature of 103° F. (39.4° C.), weight loss, and the fistulous tract. Sputum cultures, drainage cultures, and a chest x-ray were
Pathogenesis and Treatment of Fistula-in-Ano
Authors: A. G. Parks
Journal: BMJ (1961)

AMOEBIC LIVER ABSCESS MEDIATLSH JRNAL 463 needling of the liver and produced 30 ml. of "anchovy" pus.Some air was returned, and X'-ray films showed the abscess cavity.He made an uneventful recovery on emetine.Discussion Amoebic abscess of the liveT is relatively common in this country: apart from the two patients recorded above, I have seen 15 further cases in civilian practice since 1946, 14 of these in Ipswich since 1949.For comparison during the same period I have seen two examples of liver abscess, apparently not amoebic one contained Haernophiluis influenzae the other Staphylo- coccius auireuis.Of the series of 15 patients all but one were men, all had been in the tropics or subtropics at some time, though in many instances the " incubation period" was long enough to raise doubts whether their infection may not have been indigenous in origin.Cases of Liver A mtoebic A bscess Seen During 1946-
Islet Cell Carcinoma of the Pancreas
Authors: John F. McKenney
Journal: JAMA (1961)

ISLET cell tumors are not common, but they occur frequently enough to be considered in the differential diagnosis of hypoglycemia and of tumors of the pancreas. Many of these tumors do not cause symptoms and are found only at necropsy. Lopez-Kruger and Dockerty<sup>1</sup>reported 44 cases of islet cell tumor which were found in 10,314 consecutive necropsies performed in the routine manner. Eight of these tumors were functioning adenomas. In 500 consecutive examinations of necropsy specimens of the pancreas, Pease<sup>2</sup>found 8 small nonfunctioning adenomas. About 20 per cent of islet cell tumors are of the functioning type which produce the clinical picture of hyperinsulinism.<sup>3</sup>This group has received considerable attention since Wilder et al.<sup>4</sup>reported the first case in 1929. About 10 per cent metastasize to the liver, lymph nodes, or surrounding structures.<sup>5</sup>For those patients who have lesions which metastasize, the average period
Abuse of Antibiotics
Authors: G. B. Leyton
Journal: BMJ (1956)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Abuse of Antibiotics Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
1076. Stable Polyclonal Hematopoietic Repopulation after Successful Clinical Gene Therapy of Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD)
Authors: Manfred Schmidt, Kerstin Schwarzwaelder, Marion G. Ott, Stefan Stein, Hanno Glimm, Annette Deichmann, Ulrich Sieler, Dieter Hoelzer, Reinhard Seger, Manuel Grez, Christof von Kalle
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Recent studies of successful oncoretrovirus-based clinical gene therapy have proven the therapeutic potential of integrating vector systems. At the same time, studies in cell lines as well as side effects in gene therapy suggest that retrovirus vector insertion may be less inert with respect to its genomic context than previously thought. Success of SCID-X1 and ADA-SCID gene therapy trials has commonly been linked to the selective advantage of gene corrected T cells in vivo. Gene therapeutic treatment of inherited diseases where gene corrected cells do not posess a profound selective advantage over the non-transduced cells, as in CGD have been less effective so far.In the most recent CGD-trial, high efficiency transduction and busulfan conditioning have helped in the successful correction of the genetic defect in two patients (8 months and 13 months post treatment), characterized by stable expression (>10%) of the transgene (gp91phox) in peripheral blood granulocytes. We reasoned that, unlike T cells, which have the capability to proliferate independent of their bone marrow progenitors, granulocytes more directly reflect the influence of retrovirus insertion, and should therefore allow to closely monitor clonal fate in vivo and its potential relation to vector insertion. We used LAM-PCR to study the clonality of myelopoiesis, the long term activity of individual cells and the distribution of insertion sites in active cells. Sustained expression of gp91phox has been achieved by a high number of corrected clones forming myelopoiesis, of which individual ones could be detected at multiple time points. To study the hypothesis that the 'natural' in vivo selective advantage of myeloid cells capable of engrafting and proliferating may be related to the insertion site distribution, we started a large-scale mapping of retrovirus integration sites. We here present the analysis from >700 unique mappable integration sites derived from the analyzed patients demonstrating that in this clinical application the integration into specific genomic loci qccurs at non-random distribution, and may be of profound influence on the activity of individual clones in vivo. Our data demonstrate that retrovirus vector integration is non-random, occurs preferentially into genomic coding regions and is clustered in form of common integration sites.
Cellular senescence in cancer treatment: friend or foe?
Authors: Pascal Kahlem, Bernd Dörken, Clemens A. Schmitt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Damage to DNA, the prime target of anticancer therapy, triggers programmed cellular responses. In addition to apoptosis, therapy-mediated premature senescence has been identified as another drug-responsive program that impacts the outcome of cancer therapy. Here, we discuss whether induction of senescence is a beneficial or, rather, a detrimental consequence of the therapeutic intervention.
Biological basis for the clinical use of interferon.
Authors: F Dianzani
Journal: Gut (1993)

Interferons are proteins produced by certain cells in response to stimuli such as foreign cells (including tumour cells), bacteria, and viral antigens. They interact both with the interferon producing cells and other cells through production of effector proteins. There are three main types of interferons, known as alpha, beta, and gamma, which have direct antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. Antiviral effects may include inhibition of viral replication, protein synthesis, maturation, or release from infected cells. Immunomodulating effects may include enhancement of macrophage, cytotoxic T cell, and natural killer cell activity. In chronic viral hepatitis, the precise mechanisms of action of alpha interferon are not yet certain. Patients with chronic hepatitis B, however, have been shown to lack endogenous interferon production; those who respond to alpha interferon treatment show a characteristic peak in serum amino-transferase activity before resolution of the infection, indicating an immune reaction. In chronic hepatitis C, the antiviral effect may be more important; patients who respond to alpha interferon tend to have higher values of 2959 oligo adenylate synthetase, an enzyme induced by interferons that breaks down viral RNA. The clinical relevance of anti-interferon neutralising antibodies produced by some patients during interferon treatment has yet to be firmly established.
STUDIES ON ANTIBODY-PRODUCING CELLS
Authors: Klaus Hummeler, T. N. Harris, Susanna Harris, Miriam B. Farber
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

Efferent lymph of the popliteal lymph nodes of rabbits was collected 4 days after a single footpad injection of SRBC. Thin-layer agar plating was done to isolate plaque-forming cells of the lymph for electron microscope examination, and the numbers of plaque-forming cells (PFC) in cells from the lymph and lymph nodes were determined. Of 71 PFC of lymph isolated and examined, 93% were lymphocytes, most of them with signs of substantial levels of physiologic activity. The cytoplasm showed an abundance of free ribosomes and many finger-like projections. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was barely detectable in most of the active lymphocytic PFC, and in some, a few short narrow channels of ER could be seen. Approximately one-fifth of the lymphocytic PFC presented an appearance of senescence, with signs of degeneration: rounded cells, with amorphous nuclear chromatin, and very few microvilli. The remaining 7% of the PFC of the lymph showed an unusual combination of features: small round cells with a narrow ring of cytoplasm which, however, contained well-organized channels of ER. Such cells had been found only among PFC of peripheral blood of the rabbit. The number of PFC per million cells was higher in the lymph than in the suspensions of lymph node cells. In both the contralateral lymph node and its efferent lymph, the number of PFC was less than 1% that of the injected side.
The End of Fee-for-Service Medicine? Proposals for Payment Reform in Massachusetts
Authors: Robert Steinbrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Health care reform has multiple goals, including expanding insurance coverage, improving quality and access to care, and controlling costs. Since Massachusetts enacted reforms in 2006, the proportion of residents lacking health insurance has decreased to an estimated 2.6% — the lowest of any state. However, there are continuing concerns about quality and access, and health care costs per capita remain among the highest in the United States.1 A special commission has therefore proposed that Massachusetts effectively end fee-for-service medicine, the predominant form of payment for health care services, and replace it with a system of global payments that combines the . . .
Reversible Restrictive Left Ventricular Diastolic Filling With Optimized Oral Therapy Predicts a More Favorable Prognosis in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Pier L Temporelli, Ugo Corrà, Alessandro Imparato, Enzo Bosimini, Francesco Scapellato, Pantaleo Giannuzzi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Self-Reported Race and Genetic Admixture
Authors: Moumita Sinha, Emma K. Larkin, Robert C. Elston, Susan Redline
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Self-Reported Race and Genetic Admixtureto the editor: The use of data on self-reported race in health research has been highly debated. 1,2 For example, Burchard et al. recently argued that important information on disease susceptibility may be derived from the use of data on selfreported race, 1 whereas Cooper et al. 2 cited Wilson et al., 3 who argued that ethnic labels "are inaccurate representations of the inferred genetic clusters."Cooper et al., however, ignored later work 4 that identified limitations in the analyses of Wilson et al. -specifically, inappropriate classification of groups, the use of a suboptimal model for cluster identification, and reliance on only 39 microsatellite markers for cluster analyses.With larger numbers of markers, it was shown that genetically distinct groups can be almost completely inferred from self-reported race. 5 Despite advances in genetic analysis, clinicians and epidemiologists still disagree on the usefulness of race in clinical reporting.For example, sleep apnea is a condition that is more common in black children than in white children and is associated with distinct craniofacial features.Although some of the group differences may relate to environmental factors, it is unlikely that these would substantially influence facial structure and other relevant traits.With support from a U.S. Public Health Service grant, we applied an admixture analysis 6 to a sample population in Cleveland.Participants were clearly separated into unique groups with the use of this genetic approach.Whereas 93 percent of self-reported whites were classified as having predominantly European ancestry, less than 2 percent of blacks were so classified.Only 4 percent who reported their race as black had predominantly African ancestry; yet, the admixture proportions of this group made it possible to separate the population into two groups, in which 94 percent of self-reported blacks and 7 percent of self-reported whites were classified as being of mixed race (Fig. 1).The sharp peak at the left in Figure 1 indicates that there are many persons who have no African ancestry (i.e., the values correspond to those of self-reported whites), and the broad peak at the right indicates that most blacks are of mixed race and do not originate from any single population.Thus, self-
Microvascular disease in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: the story continues
Authors: William R. Auger, Nick H. Kim
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

In their 1993 report, Moser and Bloor [1] described an array of microvascular “pulmonary hypertensive” lesions in patients with operable chronic thromboembolic disease. Although it was concluded that these findings in any one patient did not “preclude a positive haemodynamic and clinical result”, these early observations became the foundation of our current understanding of the evolution of pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure, following the establishment of proximal vessel, occlusive organised thromboembolic disease [2, 3]. Despite the significance and role of the microcirculation in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), our understanding of the histopathology remains rather rudimentary [4] and previously confined to descriptions of the precapillary pulmonary …