tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Removal of a Knife - Blade from between the Trachea and Right Carotid Artery
Authors: R. T. Hunt
Journal: BMJ (1844)

A KNIFE-BLADE. and speaking loudly into his ear, could be mnade to take medicine or thin fluid food.The pupil of the right eye was dilated to about double the size of the left, and I could not observe any contractile movement in it when the light was suddenly admitted.The left iris was in its normal state, though perhaps rather more
Sorafenib targets BCR kinases and blocks migratory and microenvironmental survival signals in CLL cells
Authors: M López-Guerra, S Xargay-Torrent, P Pérez-Galán, I Saborit-Villarroya, L Rosich, N Villamor, M Aymerich, G Roué, E Campo, E Montserrat, D Colomer
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Silica vesicles as nanocarriers and adjuvants for generating both antibody and T-cell mediated immune resposes to Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus E2 protein
Authors: Karishma T. Mody, Donna Mahony, Jun Zhang, Antonino S. Cavallaro, Bing Zhang, Amirali Popat, Timothy J. Mahony, Chengzhong Yu, Neena Mitter
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Abstract 46: Interdependence of choline kinase and phospholipase D in human breast cancer cells
Authors: Balaji Krishnamachary, Mayur Gadiya, Noriko Mori, Yelena Mironchik, Kristine Glunde, Zaver M. Bhujwalla
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract One hallmark of cancer is an increase of cellular phosphocholine (PC) and total choline-containing compounds (tCho), which are closely related to malignant transformation, invasion and metastasis. Enzymes in choline metabolism present attractive targets that can be exploited for treatment. Choline kinase (Chk) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of choline (Cho) to phosphocholine (PC) by using ATP in the presence of magnesium. Over-expression of Chk-α has been observed in breast, prostate and lung cancers, making it an obvious choice for targeting. Down-regulation of Chk-α results in a significant reduction of cell proliferation and increased differentiation in highly invasive MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells after siRNA-Chk transfection. Another potential target is phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase D (PC-PLD). Two mammalian isoforms of PLD, PLD1 and PLD2 have currently been identified. PLD1 is activated by G proteins such as ARF, Rho and Rac. Elevated PLD1 has been reported in gastric, renal, colon and breast carcinoma. We characterized the expression of PLD1 in metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells, poorly metastatic MCF-7 cells, and nonmalignant MCF-12A cells and used siRNA to transiently down-regulate PLD1 and Chk-α in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Forty-eight hours post-transfection cells were harvested for protein and RNA. To determine the effective knock-down of Chk-α or PLD1, about 30µg of protein was resolved on 7.5% acrylamide gel, transferred to nitrocellulose membrane and probed with antibody specific to either Chk-α or PLD1. The effects of Chk-α downregulation on PLD1 expression and the effects of PLD1 downregulation on Chk-α expression were determined by western blots, and the message was quantified with q-RT-PCR. Downregulation of Chk resulted in an increase of PLD1 in MDA-MB-231 cells stably expressing shRNA against Chk or transiently transfected with Chk siRNA. Similar data were obtained for MCF-7 cells. PLD1 levels were highest in the metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells. Effective downregulation of PLD1 was achieved with transient PLD1 siRNA transfection, which resulted in an increase of Chk-α in these cells. These data demonstrate the adaptability of cancer cells, the interdependence of Chk-α and PLD1, and the importance of multiple targeting to eliminate any adaptive compensatory effects that would allow cancer cells to survive. This work was supported by NIH P50 CA103175. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 46.
An Address ON ACUTE ABDOMINAL SYMPTOMS: Delivered before the Walthamstow Division of the Metropolitan Counties Branch of the British Medical Association
Authors: W. W. Cheyne
Journal: BMJ (1905)

PERHAPS there is no more difficult and responsible that a medical practitioner can be placed fronted.with a case presenting the characteristics we, may call an " acute abdominal illness " ; an illness with an acute onset of which symptoms are severe abdominal pain, vomiting, less collapse.In such cases the medical as,
Sir Henry Thompson (1820–1904) — Cremationist, Artist and Host Extraordinary
Authors: Robert K. Moxon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

IN the London Contemporary Review for January, 1874, an article appeared that shocked the mid-Victorians: Sir Henry Thompson was advocating human cremation.Thompson was the leading urologic surgeon of the day, the author of several textbooks and many papers on urologic topics and Surgeon Extraordinary to Leopold I, King of Belgium, on whom he had performed lithotrity. He had been stimulated by Italian experiments in 1872 and the demonstration of a practical crematorium at the Vienna Exhibition of 1873. His article affirmed a belief that human cremation was "a necessary sanitary precaution against the propagation of disease among a population . . .
Medical Vademecum in German and English.
Authors: B. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A robust and rapid xenograft model to assess efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents for human acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: E Saland, H Boutzen, R Castellano, L Pouyet, E Griessinger, C Larrue, F de Toni, S Scotland, M David, G Danet-Desnoyers, F Vergez, Y Barreira, Y Collette, C Récher, J-E Sarry
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2015)

Abstract Relevant preclinical mouse models are crucial to screen new therapeutic agents for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Current in vivo models based on the use of patient samples are not easy to establish and manipulate in the laboratory. Our objective was to develop robust xenograft models of human AML using well-characterized cell lines as a more accessible and faster alternative to those incorporating the use of patient-derived AML cells. Five widely used AML cell lines representing various AML subtypes were transplanted and expanded into highly immunodeficient non-obese diabetic/LtSz-severe combined immunodeficiency IL2Rγ c null mice (for example, cell line-derived xenografts). We show here that bone marrow sublethal conditioning with busulfan or irradiation has equal efficiency for the xenotransplantation of AML cell lines. Although higher number of injected AML cells did not change tumor engraftment in bone marrow and spleen, it significantly reduced the overall survival in mice for all tested AML cell lines. On the basis of AML cell characteristics, these models also exhibited a broad range of overall mouse survival, engraftment, tissue infiltration and aggressiveness. Thus, we have established a robust, rapid and straightforward in vivo model based on engraftment behavior of AML cell lines, all vital prerequisites for testing new therapeutic agents in preclinical studies.
Cardiomyocyte remodelling during myocardial hibernation and atrial fibrillation: prelude to apoptosis
Authors: G Dispersyn
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective: Similar structural changes in the myocardium can be observed in chronic hibernating myocardium and in myocardium taken from hearts suffering chronic atrial fibrillation. We investigated whether or not these changes are indicative of apoptosis. Methods: Myocardial biopsies from 28 strictly selected patients with chronic hibernating myocardium and heart samples from 13 goats with pacing-induced chronic atrial fibrillation were used. Special attention was paid to processing the tissues immediately (fixation/freezing) in order to prevent artificial degenerative changes, thereby excluding false positive identification of apoptosis. Infarcted areas or infarcted border zones were excluded from our study. Apoptosis was detected with light and electron microscopy and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end-labelling. Immunohistochemistry was used for detecting Bcl-2, P53 and PCNA-proteins associated with apoptosis/DNA damage. Results: The results obtained for chronic hibernating left ventricular myocardium were similar to those for chronic fibrillating atrial myocardium. No apoptotic nuclei, as characterised by extensive chromatin clumping, could be observed in normal or dedifferentiated cardiomyocytes under the electron microscope. The end-labelling assay did not reveal any cardiomyocytes with damaged DNA. Nor could we find any evidence of substantial expression of Bcl-2, P53 or PCNA, a result indicative of the absence of apoptotic threat or DNA damage. Conclusion: Cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation, but not extensive degeneration through apoptosis, can be observed in chronic hibernating myocardium and chronic fibrillating atrium. Dedifferentiation may be the best way to survive prolonged exposure to the unfavourable conditions imposed by increased wall stress, a relative lowered oxygen environment, or both.
Risk of cardiac events in family members of patients with long QT syndrome
Authors: Wojciech Zareba, Arthur J. Moss, Saskia le Cessie, Emanuela H. Locati, Jennifer L. Robinson, W. Jackson Hall, Mark L. Andrews
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)

This study sought to identify risk factors for cardiac events (syncope, aborted cardiac arrest or sudden cardiac death) in family members of patients with the long QT syndrome. Patients with the long QT syndrome are known to be at high risk for cardiac events. Whenever the first member of a family is identified as having the long QT syndrome (proband), there is concern regarding the likelihood of cardiac events in other family members. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to evaluate the risk of cardiac events in 637 family members who were first- and second-degree relatives of 151 probands with the long QT syndrome and in a subset of 513 family members who were not receiving beta-adrenergic blocking agents. There were 293 first-degree (46%) and 344 second-degree relatives (54%) (293 men [46%], 344 women [54%]). Fifty percent of the family members had a corrected QT interval (QTc) >0.44 s, and relative tachycardia and bradycardia were observed in 12% and 25%, respectively. The risk of cardiac events occurring before age 40 in family members not taking beta-blockers was influenced by the QTc interval (odds ratio [OR] 1.18/0.01 increase in QTc value; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12 to 1.24), relative tachycardia (OR 2.21, 95% CI 0.97 to 5.02) or bradycardia (OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.10 to 4.56) and an interaction term combining gender and closeness of the relationship to the proband (OR for female first-degree relative 3.23 vs. all second-degree relatives, 95% CI 1.67–6.22). Female first-degree relatives of patients with the long QT syndrome have a higher risk of cardiac events than male first- or second-degree relatives, independent of recorded electrocardiographic findings. Not only bradycardia, but also tachycardia increases risk of cardiac events in family members of patients with the long QT syndrome.
Effect of Intestinal Microbial Ecology on the Developing Brain
Authors: Martha Douglas-Escobar, Elizabeth Elliott, Josef Neu
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

The mammalian gastrointestinal tract harbors a highly diverse microbial population that plays a major role in nutrition, metabolism, protection against pathogens, and development of the immune system. It is estimated that at least 1000 different bacterial species cohabit the human intestinal tract. Most recently, the Human Microbiome Project, using new genomic technologies, has started a catalog of specific microbiome composition and its correlation with health and specific diseases. Herein we provide a brief review of the intestinal microbiome, with a focus on new studies showing that there is an important link between the microbes that inhabit the intestinal tract and the developing brain. With future research, an understanding of this link may help us to treat various neurobehavioral problems such as autism, schizophrenia, and anxiety.
Low Serum Concentrations of Ionized Calcium in Patients with Hypertension
Authors: David A. McCarron
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

DISTURBANCES of calcium metabolism have been reported in both patients and animals with hypertension. In the experimental model, the abnormalities have included chronic depression of serum ionized calcium concentrations1 , 2 associated with elevated levels of parathyroid hormone,2 altered membrane binding of calcium,3 4 5 6 7 8 9 increased intestinal transport of calcium,10 hypcrcalciuria,2 and the development of nephrolithiasis.11 Similarly, enhanced parathyroid function, lower serum phosphorus concentration, and hypercalciuria12 , 13 have been reported in patients with essential hypertension. In both spontaneously hypertensive rats and patients, extracellular total calcium concentrations are similar to those in their respective normotensive controls.1 , 2 , 13 , 14 The present study was intended to extend our understanding of . . .
Acute medical units reduce deaths and stay in hospital, studies show
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Care in an acute medical unit—a hospital unit specially designed and staffed for patients with acute medical illnesses—reduces in-hospital mortality and length of stay among people with acute medical conditions, new research indicates.

In 2007, overall mortality in people admitted to an acute medical unit at the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, was 1.1% (28 deaths in 2221 patients). In 2005, before the unit was developed, mortality in patients at the hospital with acute medical illnesses was 1.6% (34 deaths in 2096 patients). The average length of stay was 8.8 days before the unit was developed and 6.9 days afterwards, say audit results reported at the international conference of the Society …
In vitro comparisons of SENCAR and BALB/c primary epidermal cells.
Authors: J E Strickland, P T Allen, D N Sauder, H Kawamura, M C Fong, S H Yuspa
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Grafting experiments show that the enhanced sensitivity of the SENCAR mouse to skin carcinogenesis by initiation and promotion is a property of the skin itself, suggesting the usefulness of in vitro studies to elucidate the mechanism. Such studies have indicated that cultured epidermal cells of SENCAR mice and the resistant BALB/c strain are remarkably similar in a variety of respects. DNA repair and carcinogen binding are quantitatively similar in cultured cells of SENCAR and more resistant mouse strains. Epidermal Langerhans cell (LC) number and LC-mediated functions were indistinguishable in SENCAR and BALB/c mice. Primary epidermal cells cultured in the presence of various concentrations of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), retinoic acid, epidermal growth factor (EGF), hydrocortisone, or fluocinolone acetonide failed to reveal differences in growth between BALB/c and SENCAR cells. Cells from these animals bound comparable amounts of EGF with similar kinetics, and the modulation of this binding by TPA and retinoic acid was indistinguishable between strains. Spontaneous expression of infectious, endogenous xenotropic type C RNA virus at very low levels could be demonstrated in primary BALB/c epidermal cells and both BALB/c and SENCAR epidermal lines resistant to Ca2+-induced terminal differentiation. The number of foci of initiated cells after exposure to carcinogens in vivo or in vitro did not differ significantly between SENCAR and BALB/c, suggesting that SENCAR sensitivity is primarily to promotion. However, there are qualitative differences between SENCAR and BALB/c foci. The appearance of foci of cells resistant to terminal differentiation in untreated SENCAR cultures supports the evidence from in vivo studies for the existence of a constitutively initiated cell population in SENCAR mouse skin.
Syphilis as a Cause of Mental Deficiency
Authors: J. M. Berg, B. H. Kirman
Journal: BMJ (1959)

FAILUREBIJOURNL distinct from arterial pCO2 rise (Westlake et al., 1955).The work of Swanson, Stavney, and Plum (1958) bears on this point in support of our findings, as they have shown experimentally that acute changes in arterial pH affect the cats' E.E.G.only when there is an accompanying rise or fall in blood CO2 tension.It has been claimed by Wilson and Sieker (1958) that age is important in determining E.E.G. dysrhythmia in respiratory insufficiency, but our results do not demonstrate this.Failure to observe any change in the E.E.G. from inhalation of oxygen during recording is in agreement with similar lack of effect mentioned by others (Brazier quoted by Austen et al., 1957; Wilson and Sieker, 1958).The immediate causal mechanism of E.E.G. disorder from impaired respiratory function presumably lies in hypercapnia and hypoxia, and our data do not allow choice of which is the more important factor.Though there may be more remote metabolic changes, such as alteration in intracellular electrolyte concentrations, which have an effect on cerebral neuronal activity, our observations, unlike those of Wilson and Sieker (1958), do not disclose any consistent abnormality of serum electrolytes in relation to E.E.G. appearances.This fact must, however, be treated with reserve, as it is generally appreciated that the electrolyte levels of the hcirculating blQod, and.in particular potassium, are not a reliable index of ionic levels within tissue cells.Lastly, we would suggest that the variability of development of E.E.G. disorder in patients with respiratory insufficiency must predicate a great range in individual cerebral homoeostasis in the face of alterations of blood gas levels.In some instances the tolerance of the central nervous system against disturbance by this means must be high and in others relatively low, and the unpredictable behaviour of neural and mental signs and symptoms, vis a vis pO2 and pCO2 values, can be interpreted in the same light.Our studies satisfy us that there is a close interrelation between neurological semeiology clinically and the presence of E.E.G. dysrhythmia-a closer nexus than exists between either of these phenomena and the arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions.Summary Sixteen patients have been studied during 18 hospital admissions for acute or subacute respiratory failure.The E.E.G., clinical signs and symptoms in the nervous system, and blood gas findings have been compared.The E.E.G. shows symmetrical changes from intermittent theta activity to paroxysmal delta discharge of high amplitude, and the changes resemble those found in other types of confusional state, particularly those of metabolic origin.There is good correlation between the E.E.G. abnormality and the clinical neurological findings.There is also a correlation between increasing E.E.G. abnormality and a falling pO2 and rising pCO2 and plasma CO2 content when the patients are considered as groups, but not in individual cases.No relationship with arterial pH was observed.No other relationships were noted.
Opposing Effects of Short- and Long-term Stress on Airway Inflammation
Authors: Paul Forsythe, Cory Ebeling, John R. Gordon, A. Dean Befus, Harissios Vliagoftis
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

Between 20% and 35% of subjects with asthma experience asthma exacerbations during periods of stress. The biological mechanisms underlying these exacerbations are not clearly understood, and the role of psychologic factors in the pathophysiology of asthma remains controversial. We investigated the ability of psychologic stress to modulate airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine in a murine model of asthma. Animals were exposed to a stressor daily for 3 (short-term stress) or 7 (long-term stress) days. After allergen challenge, AHR was assessed through plethysmography, and bronchoalveolar lavage cells were counted as a measure of inflammation. After short-term stress, inflammatory cell number was decreased compared with unstressed animals, whereas levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-9, and IL-13 were increased. Administration of a corticosteroid receptor antagonist, before stress, prevented the decrease in inflammatory cell numbers. In contrast, animals stressed for 7 consecutive days showed a significant increase in inflammatory cell numbers, which was independent of the glucocorticoid response, but no change in cytokine levels. AHR was not altered in stressed animals. Our results indicate that repeated exposure to stress over the long term engages different mechanisms than short-term stress and can exacerbate the chronic inflammatory responses of the airway.
Cancer Statistics 1972
Authors: E. Silverberg, A. I. Holleb
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1972)

Trends in Cancer Death RatesCancer death rates rise or fall through the years often for reasons not com pletely clear.Better diagnosis or man agement or alterations in incidence may contribute to the changes but this report focuses primarily on past and present trends and what the future may hold rather than possible explanations.*The first comprehensive mortality statistics for any area of the United States were published by the U.S. Bureau of the Census for the year 1900.Now, only heart diseases, cancer, vas cular lesions, accidents and pneumonia remain among the 10 leading causes of death reported in 1900.â€˜¿ (Fig. 1.) Improvements in public health and in the treatment of many diseases have greatly reduced the death rates from most of the causes listed at the turn of the century.â€˜¿ @â€T oday, with increased life expect ancy, heart diseases, cancer and vascu *Each revision of the International Classification of Disease (which is used for coding and reporting causes of death) contains changes in nomenclature which may alter cancer death rates.A detailed dis cussion of these changes and their effect on report ing cancer deaths is available on request from
Gastrointestinal investigation of iron deficiency anaemia
Authors: S Freestone
Journal: BMJ (1986)

fact that half of all students will become GPs and very few specialist ophthalmologists.The pitiable funding of academic general prac- tice posts means that we are few to become involved in all aspects of specialist training; but most medical schools now have general practice departments more than willing to combine effort.These two articles exemplify just how important such cooperation should be.