tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of Death Certificates for Coding Coronary Heart Disease as the Cause of Death
Authors: Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, David O. Martin, Martin G. Larson, Daniel Levy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: Death certificates are widely used in epidemiologic and clinical investigations and for national statistics. Objective: To examine the accuracy of death certificates for coding coronary heart disease as the underlying cause of death. Design: Community-based inception cohort followed since 1948. Setting: Framingham, Massachusetts. Patients: 2683 deceased Framingham Heart Study participants. Measurements: Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the death certificate. The reference standard was cause of death adjudicated by a panel of three physicians. Results: Among 2683 decedents, the death certificate coded coronary heart disease as the underlying cause of death for 942; the physician panel assigned coronary heart disease for 758. The death certificate had a sensitivity of 83.8% (95% CI, 81.1% to 86.4%), positive predictive value of 67.4% (CI, 64.4% to 70.4%), specificity of 84.1% (CI, 82.4% to 85.7%), and negative predictive value of 92.9% (CI, 91.7% to 94.1%) for coronary heart disease. The death certificate assigned coronary heart disease in 51.2% of 242 deaths (9.0% of total deaths) for which the physician panel could not determine a cause. Compared with the physician panel, the death certificate attributed 24.3% more deaths to coronary heart disease overall and more than twice as many deaths to coronary heart disease in decedents who were at least 85 years of age. When deaths that were assigned unknown cause by the physician panel were excluded, the death certificate still assigned more deaths to coronary heart disease (7.9% overall and 43.1% in the oldest age group). Conclusions: Coronary heart disease may be overrepresented as a cause of death on death certificates. National mortality statistics, which are based on death certificate data, may overestimate the frequency of coronary heart disease by 7.9% to 24.3% overall and by as much as two-fold in older persons.
New cell for asthma: enter the myeloid
Authors: Timothy John Williams
Journal: Thorax (2012)

The discovery of a new type of inflammatory cell1 would not feature in the wish list of a student of immunology grappling with the congested pathways of multiple cytokine molecules regulating a myriad of cell–cell interactions. However, the chest physician will be acutely aware that, with all our advanced knowledge of mechanisms underlying allergic asthma, there is clearly an unmet need for new therapy which will depend on further dissection of the cross-talk between immune and somatic cells in the lung. While the majority of patients with asthma respond to treatment with bronchodilator drugs and corticosteroids, others at the severe end of the spectrum are difficult to treat.2 These patients generate a substantial morbidity and socio-economic burden and asthma exacerbations carry a significant risk of fatal attacks.

The new cell type discovered by Petersen et al surfaced in the analysis of data from a model of chronic asthma in the mouse. Animal models, particularly in the mouse, have given us a working hypothesis that underpins the understanding of basic mechanisms of allergy. Data that build on, or deviate, from this provide new opportunities to develop novel therapy that may prove effective in difficult-to-treat asthma, where corticosteroid insensitivity is a particular problem. A major advance from studies of mouse models was the recognition of the polarisation of CD4 thymus-derived lymphocytes into T-helper (Th) 1 cells specialised to help defend against, …
Aspirin Therapy in Diabetes is Underutilized
Authors: John A. Colwell
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

In 1997, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommended low-dose aspirin therapy as a secondary prevention strategy in people with diabetes (1,2). There was nothing that was unique in this policy. It simply formalized recommendations that were supported by meta-analyses of all secondary prevention antiplatelet trials before 1994 (3). The ADA, however, agreed that this sole strategy was not sufficient for people with diabetes. Cardiovascular events are increased at least two- to fourfold in diabetes, and the major mode of death is a cardiovascular event. The cardiovascular risk for a person with type 2 diabetes who has not had a recognized myocardial infarction is the same as a non-diabetic individual who has already had a heart attack (4). People with diabetes have platelets that are hypersensitive to aggregating agents in vitro, and there is increased platelet thromboxane synthesis that is blocked by low doses of aspirin (5). It is generally accepted that the antithrombotic effect of aspirin is mediated by its inhibition of thromboxane synthesis. Results from primary and secondary prevention trials in people with diabetes support the final recommendation that adult (>30 years of age) diabetic individuals at high risk for vascular disease should be treated with 81-325 mg enteric-coated aspirin daily (1,2).

The definition of high vascular risk is of obvious importance. The ADA recommended that the presence of at least one of the following cardiovascular risk factors in a patient with diabetes confers …
1013-113 Is Diabetic “Hyperadrenergic Orthostatic Hypotension” due to End Organ Resistance to Catecholamines?
Authors: Riad R. Hajjar, Abbas Shehadeh, Abdelkarim Waness, Emmanuel L. Bravo, Fetnat M. Fouad-Tarazi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Nuclear expression of MATK is a novel marker of type II enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Tan Sy, Ooi As, Ang Mk, Koh M, Wong Jc, Dykema K, Ngeow J, Loong S, Gatter K, Tan L, Lim Lc, Furge K, Tao M, Lim St, Loong F, Cheah Pl, Teh Bt
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Targeting the kids
Authors: R. Davis
Journal: BMJ (2000)

analysis of the programme based data and wrote the sections of the paper that gave details of that methodology and the results.JEH performed the regression analysis of trends in prevalence of adult smoking using the BRFSS and Massachusetts data, wrote the description of this analysis, and prepared the figures related to the analysis.All three authors participated in drafting, editing, and revising the paper.Tory M Taylor helped gather data on expenditures for tobacco control and performed the literature review on the international health burden of tobacco use.Amy L Nyman managed the Massachusetts survey databases and performed analyses related to these surveys.Giulia Norton managed the Abt Associates data collection, prepared analysis files, and programmed the data analysis.The three authors are guarantors for the study.
Gallium 67 Accumulation in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis
Authors: Kenneth A. McKusick
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Pulmonary sarcoid lesions have been noted to accumulate gallium 67 when administered in the form of gallium citrate Ga 67.<sup>1,2</sup>The following is an interesting example of this phenomenon, particularly since therapy with prednisone was associated with a decrease in the pulmonary uptake of<sup>67</sup>Ga. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 31-year-old black woman was admitted to the Johns Hopkins Hospital for evaluation of sudden progressive dyspnea and productive cough of seven days' duration. Chest radiograph revealed bilateral parahilar infiltrates and hilar adenopathy; tuberculin skin tests were negative, and the result of a Kvein test was positive. Sputum cultures were negative for tuberculosis and fungi. Liver biopsy showed multiple noncaseating granulomata; special stains for tubercle bacilli and fungi were negative. Results of liver-function tests were normal. Findings from pulmonary function tests were abnormal including a low oxygen pressure of 75 mm Hg in room air, a
Apolipoprotein e4 allele and cognitive decline in elderly men
Authors: E J M Feskens, L M Havekes, S Kalmijn, P D Knijff, L J Launer, D Kromhout
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Abstract Objectives</b>: To determine whether polymorphism of apolipoprotein E - notably, the e4 allele - predicts cognitive deterioration in the general population. <b>Design</b>: Population based cohort investigated in 1990 and in 1993. <b>Setting</b>: Zutphen, the Netherlands. <b>Subjects</b>: Representative cohort of 538 Dutch men aged 70-89 at baseline. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Cognitive function assessed by mini mental state examination, change in cognitive function and incidence of impaired cognitive function at three years. <b>Results</b>: The baseline prevalence of impaired cognitive function (mini mental state examination score &lt;=25) was higher among carriers of the e4 allele compared wth men without the allele (41.0% (55) v 31.1% (122) P=0.03), and this result was still valid after adjustment for age, occupation, smoking, alcohol use, and cardiovascular diseases. The decline in cognitive function at three years was largest in men homozygous for e4 (−2.4 points), intermediate in those heterozygous for e4 (−0.7 points), and lowest in men without e4 (−0.1 points), and it was independent of other risk factors (P=0.02). The risk of developing impaired cognitive function during follow up was significantly increased in allele carriers compared with non-carriers (27.6% (16/58) v 15.5% (32/207)). The adjusted odds ratio was 2.87 (95% confidence interval 1.29 to 6.42). Twenty two per cent of the risk of developing impaired cognitive function in this population may be attributable to the e4 allele. <b>Conclusions</b>: The apolipoprotein e4 allele predisposes to cognitive decline in a general population of elderly men.
LONG-TERM SERIAL ANGIOGRAPHIC OUTCOMES AFTER SIROLIMUS-ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATION: CONTEMPORARY PRACTICE IN REAL WORLD POPULATION
Authors: Euihong Ko, Kenya Nasu, Daisuke Yokota, Tsuyoshi Itoh, Maoto Habara, Tairo Kurita, Yoshihisa Kinoshita, Etsuo Tsuchikane, Osamu Katoh, Takahiko Suzuki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Lung Sounds Through the Ages
Authors: Joseph L. Andrews
Journal: JAMA (1979)

AUSCULTATION and percussion of the chest are still extremely valuable diagnostic tools in the hands of the skilled clinician, despite widespread reliance on chest roentgenograms and blood tests and the resulting atrophy of basic physical diagnosis techniques. The expiratory wheezes of asthma, the bibasilar râles of early atelectasis, congestive heart failure, interstitial lung disease, the stridor of upper airway obstruction, or the absent breath sounds below a displaced endotracheal tube usually do not show in a roentgenogram or a blood test but are best diagnosed and followed up sequentially by careful physical examinations, including auscultation via the stethoscope. Modern scientific inquiry is starting to clarify causes of the lung sounds heard by physicians for centuries. Newer techniques include phonopulmonographic electronic sound recordings, acoustic scanning spectrometers, radioactive isotope ventilation scanners, and psychometric acoustic analyses.<sup>1</sup> However, it is important to know about the preelectronic era to view the rich history of
Vascular function in patients with end-stage renal disease and/or coronary artery disease: A cardiac magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: L.U. Zimmerli, P.B. Mark, T. Steedman, J.E. Foster, G.A. Berg, H.J. Dargie, A.G. Jardine, C. Delles, A.F. Dominiczak
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
Myelofibrosis-associated massive splenomegaly: A cause of increased intra-abdominal pressure, pulmonary hypertension, and positional dyspnea
Authors: Panayiotis D. Ziakas, Michael Voulgarelis, Evagelos Felekouras, Dimitra Anagnostou, George E. Tzelepis
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

Abstract We describe a patient with myelofibrosis, giant splenomegaly, and pulmonary hypertension related to increased intra‐abdominal pressure. Focusing on alterations in hemodynamic studies, we conclude that in patients with myelofibrosis, dyspnea, and hypoxemia, the measurement of intra‐abdominal pressure should be included in the initial evaluation. It is an inexpensive, non‐invasive diagnostic tool that can provide crucial information about the cause of dyspnea and disclose the pathogenetic link between massive splenomegaly and pulmonary compromise in myelofibrosis. Am. J. Hematol. 80:128–132, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aspirin and Postsurgery Bleeding
Authors: RONALD N. RUBIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Correction1 December 1978Aspirin and Postsurgery BleedingRONALD N. RUBINRONALD N. RUBINSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-6-1006_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We wish to add our experiences to those reported by Torosian and colleagues in the September issue (Ann Intern Med89:325-328, 1978). The thoracic surgery service at Brooke Army Medical Center performs about 150 coronary artery bypass procedures a year. The hematology service routinely screens these patients with preoperative platelet count, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, fibrinogen, bleeding time, and, until recently, platelet function testing. The basis for this screening has been our interest in the reasons for postoperative bleeding in these patients, stimulated in part by the paper of Bick which was not mentioned...Reference1. BICK R: Alterations of hemostasis associated with cardiopulmonary bypass: pathophysiology, prevention, diagnosis, and management. Semin Thromb Hemostas 3:59-82, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: RONALD N. RUBINAffiliations: MC USA Brooke Army Medical Center Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byExtracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy in Patients Treated with Antithrombotic AgentsBLEEDING AND COAGULATION PROBLEMS IN THE DENTAL PATIENTBlood Loss in Long-Term Aspirin Users Undergoing Transurethral ProstatectomyAspirin, a Silent Risk Factor in UrologyThe Effect of Anaesthetic Agents on Platelet FunctionIdentifiable Factors in Post-prostatectomy Haemorrhage: the Role of AspirinAspirin-Induced Bilateral Renal Hemorrhage After Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy Therapy: Implications and ConclusionsThe effect of radiographic contrast agents on bleeding time and platelet aggregationPrevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism 1 December 1978Volume 89, Issue 6Page: 1006-1006KeywordsAspirinCoronary arteriesFibrinogenHematologic testsHemorrhagePartial thromboplastin timePlateletsProthrombin timeThoracic surgeryThrombin ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1978 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Use of Hospital Beds
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

The Use of Hospital Beds The Times, in a leading article, recently discussed methods of obtaining the most efficient use of hospital beds. It was pointed out that although many hospitals had long waiting lists, a Ministry of Health report revealed that in 1951, 1 bed in every 8 was normally unoccupied. Beds must be kept open for emergencies, and in teaching hospitals, where the requirements of research projects must be met, a certain wastage of bed space is inevitable. Nevertheless, an efficient turnover is essential when the cost of maintaining beds, whether occupied or not, is so high. . . .
SCREENING DATA FROM THE CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY NATIONAL SERVICE CENTER SCREENING LABORATORIES. XX.
Authors: Joseph Leiter, B. J. Abbott, Mary M. Macdonald, Saul A. Schepartz
Journal: Cancer Research (1964)

Data are reported on 2133 synthetic compounds which were tested in the CCNSC primary screens. Of these, 885 were tested initially in the cell culture cytotoxicity acreen because of the limited amount of material available. The remainder were tested in the routine rodent tumor screens. Data are reported only on compounds which have not demonstrated sufficient activity in these systems to warrant further investigation.
Does Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness in Childhood Predict Active Asthma in Adolescence?
Authors: Amund Riiser, Vegard Hovland, Kai-Håkon Carlsen, Petter Mowinckel, Karin C. Lødrup Carlsen
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is an important, but not specific, asthma characteristic.We aimed to assess the predictive value of BHR tested by methacholine and exercise challenge at age 10 years for active asthma 6 years later.From a Norwegian birth cohort, 530 children underwent methacholine challenge and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) test (n = 478) at 10 years and structured interview and clinical examination at age 16 years. The methacholine dose causing 20% reduction in FEV(1) (PD(20)) and the reduction in FEV(1) (%) after a standardized treadmill test were used for BHR assessment. Active asthma was defined with at least two criteria positive: doctor's diagnosis of asthma, symptoms of asthma, and/or treatment for asthma in the last year.PD(20) and EIB at 10 years of age increased the risk of asthma (β = 0.94 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.92-0.96] per μmol methacholine and β = 1.10 [95% CI, 1.06-1.15] per %, respectively). Separately the tests explained 10 and 7%, respectively, and together 14% of the variation in active asthma 6 years later. The predicted probability for active asthma at the age of 16 years increased with decreasing PD(20) and increasing EIB. The area under the curve (receiver operating characteristic curves) was larger for PD(20) (0.69; 95% CI, 0.62-0.75) than for EIB (0.60; 95% CI, 0.53-0.67).BHR at 10 years was a significant but modest predictor of active asthma 6 years later, with methacholine challenge being superior to exercise test.
Acute effects of inhaled isoproterenol on the mechanical characteristics of the lungs in normal man
Authors: E. R. McFadden, Jan Newton-Howes, N. B. Pride
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

We investigated the effects of isoproterenol on the pulmonary mechanics of eight healthy male subjects. We measured the flow-volume, pressure-volume, resistance-volume, and pressure-flow relationships of the lungs of our subjects in addition to the forced expiratory volume (FEV1). The results of this study confirm earlier observations that isoproterenol produces a considerable decrease in airway resistance but only small changes in maximum expiratory flow. Measurements of static pressure-volume curves showed that isoproterenol caused a temporary decrease in the elastic recoil pressure of the lungs. In five men there were mean falls in recoil pressure of 4.1 cm H2O at 85% total lung capacity (TLC), 2.6 cm H2O at 75% TLC, and 1.5 cm H2O at 50% TLC. We postulate that the reason for the relatively small increments in maximum expiratory flow after isoproterenol is primarily that the effects of airway dilatation are in large part negated by the reduction in lung recoil pressure, which results in a fall in the maximum effective driving force for expiratory air flow, and secondly that there is an increase in the compliance of the flow-limiting airways. These studies emphasize that tests of maximum flow and of airway resistance should not be regarded as invariably interchangeable in the assessment of airway reactions or mild disease of the airways.
Bridging Rib Fractures
Authors: ALAN EDWARD HARRIS, MORAKINYO A. OYEWOLE TONEY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Scintigraphic characteristics of benign rib fractures have been previously described as either clustered or focally aligned so as to involve two or more ribs in the same location. Reported is an unusual presentation with a Tc-99m bone scan of rib fractures in a 68-year-old man who fell off a ladder 4 years earlier.
Generation of Replication-Dependent Double-Strand Breaks by the Novel N2-G-Alkylator S23906-1
Authors: Stéphane Léonce, Laurence Kraus-Berthier, Roy M. Golsteyn, Marie-Hélène David-Cordonnier, Christelle Tardy, Amélie Lansiaux, Virginie Poindessous, Annette K. Larsen, Alain Pierré
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

S23906-1, a new DNA alkylating agent that reacts with the exocyclic 2-NH2 group of guanine residues yielding monofunctional adducts, is currently under clinical evaluation in phase I trials. To investigate the mechanism of action of S23906-1, we compared parental KB-3-1 cells and KB/S23-500 cells that are 15-fold resistant to S23906-1. Cell death induced by 1 micromol/L S23906-1 in KB-3-1 cells was associated with their irreversible arrest in the G2-M phases of the cell cycle followed by apoptosis, whereas a proportion of the resistant KB/S23-500 cells were able to exit from the G2 arrest and divide, leading to a significantly lower rate of apoptosis. The attenuated apoptotic response was associated with decreased Chk2 protein phosphorylation, indicating that the DNA damage signaling pathways are more potently activated in the sensitive cells. However, similar rates of adduct formation and repair were measured in both cell lines. Exposure to S23906-1 induced a higher formation of DNA breaks, measured by the comet assay, in sensitive cells. In agreement, a histone H2AX phosphorylation assay revealed that S23906-1 induced double-strand breaks (DSB) in a dose- and time-dependent manner and that these were more persistent in the parental cells. These DSBs were found mainly in S-phase cells and inhibited by aphidicolin, suggesting that they are DNA replication-mediated DSBs. These results suggest that secondary DNA lesions play an important role in the cytotoxicity of this compound and make histone H2AX phosphorylation an attractive marker for monitoring the efficacy of S23906-1.
Rethinking the Threats to Scientific Balance in Contexts of Litigation and Regulation
Authors: William R. Freudenburg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Although existing literature does discuss difficulties of doing science in contexts of litigation and regulation, work to date reflects little first-hand experience in such contexts. This gap is understandable but also potentially troubling: Concerns that seem important from afar may or may not match those that are most salient for scientists actually engaged in such work.Drawing on experience on scientific committees and in lawsuits, and using skills developed through doing qualitative fieldwork, I reanalyze past experiences and field notes from the perspective of the 2006 Coronado Conference "Truth and Advocacy in Contexts of Litigation and Regulation." Although I initially shared the kinds of concerns generally stressed by other scientists and science-studies scholars-emphasizing overt, relatively sinister efforts to limit scientific objectivity-neither the literature nor my initial instincts provided adequate preparation for more subtle influences, which actually created stronger pressures toward bias. Particularly unexpected pressures came from consistent deference and praise for independence and credibility.The cases discussed in this article are by nature suggestive, not definitive; additional research is clearly needed. Future research, however, needs to focus not just on pressures toward bias that are easy to imagine, but also on those that are easy to overlook.