tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Neurally Mediated Hypotension
Authors: Trevor C. Beard
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —Dr Bou-Holaigah and colleagues 1 report an association between chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and neurally mediated hypotension (NMH). Their preliminary report recommends that patients with CFS adhere to the usual Western high sodium intake, without providing any baseline or follow-up data on sodium excretion.  Their next report must answer the following questions: At what sodium excretion rates were symptoms of CFS observed? At what sodium excretion rates can symptoms be relieved? Does salt relieve symptoms when given without fludrocortisone acetate? Does a double-blind randomized trial confirm that coated sodium chloride tablets have a greater effect than placebo?  Double-blind evidence that salt is beneficial without steroids would show that CFS is one more disease that can be treated with a nutrient at a dose exceeding the physiological requirement. For example, hyperlipidemia responds to high doses of niacin. This does not necessarily mean that hyperlipidemia is due to niacin
Massive Hyperlipemia During Estrogen Therapy
Authors: Mark E. Molitch, Phyllis Oill, William D. Odell
Journal: JAMA (1974)

In addition to the many well-publicized complications of oral contraceptive and estrogen therapy, it has been found that these medications frequently induce mild elevations of serum triglyceride levels. We report elevations of triglyceride levels to 3,000 mg/100 ml and more, and cholesterol levels to more than 500 mg/100 ml in three postmenopausal women on estrogen therapy and one woman receiving oral contraceptive drugs. After discontinuation of drug usage, these levels returned toward normal over several months. Each patient had a mild underlying hyperlipemia. The mechanism involved in the elevation of the triglyceride levels appears to be an enhanced hepatic synthesis rather than defective removal and is due to the estrogenic component of the contraceptives. We suggest periodic monitoring of serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels in all patients receiving oral contraceptives and estrogens. Patients with preexisting hyperlipemia should probably not receive estrogen therapy.
Dobutamine and Pruritus of the Scalp
Authors: CHARLES S. MCCAULEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1986Dobutamine and Pruritus of the ScalpCHARLES S. MCCAULEY, M.D., MELVIN S. BLUMENTHAL, M.D.CHARLES S. MCCAULEY, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MELVIN S. BLUMENTHAL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-6-966_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Since their first reported use in 1983 (1, 2), infusions of dobutamine to outpatients have been used in the management of severe congestive heart failure. Although life-threatening complications have been reported with this inotropicagent, a less serious but bothersome problem developed in a patient of ours who had idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.In April 1985, a 60-year-old man presented to the outpatient clinic with dyspnea on exertion and general fatigue of 1 month's duration. Physical findings were consistent with congestive heart failure, and echocardiography showed general hypokinesia and a calcified aortic valve. Cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography showed...References1. APPLEFELDNEWMANGROVE MKW. Intermittent, continuous outpatient dobutamine infusion in the management of congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 1983;51:455-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. UNVERFERTHMAGORIENALTSCHULDKOLIBASHLEWISLEIER DRRARC. The hemodynamic and metabolic advantages gained by a three-day infusion of dobutamine in patients with congestive cardiomyopathy. Am Heart J 1983;106:29-34. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: CHARLES S. MCCAULEY, M.D.; MELVIN S. BLUMENTHAL, M.D.Affiliations: The Monroe Clinic Monroe, WI 53566 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byScalp Pruritus: Review of the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and ManagementOther Cardiovascular DrugsThe itchy scalp - scratching for an explanationDobutamineAdverse Dermatologic Effects of Cardiovascular Drug Therapy: Part IIDermal Ceuulitis- a Hypersensitivity Reaction from Dobutamine HydrochlorideLocal Dermal Hypersensitivity from Dobutamine Hydrochloride (Dobutrex Solution) InjectionDrugs affecting autonomic functions or the extrapyramidal system 1 December 1986Volume 105, Issue 6Page: 966-966KeywordsAortic valveCatheterizationDilated cardiomyopathyDyspneaEchocardiographyFatigueHeart failureOutpatient clinicsOutpatientsPruritus ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1986 PDF downloadLoading ...
High-resolution characterization of a hepatocellular carcinoma genome
Authors: Yasushi Totoki, Kenji Tatsuno, Shogo Yamamoto, Yasuhito Arai, Fumie Hosoda, Shumpei Ishikawa, Shuichi Tsutsumi, Kohtaro Sonoda, Hirohiko Totsuka, Takuya Shirakihara, Hiromi Sakamoto, Linghua Wang, Hidenori Ojima, Kazuaki Shimada, Tomoo Kosuge, Takuji Okusaka, Kazuto Kato, Jun Kusuda, Teruhiko Yoshida, Hiroyuki Aburatani, Tatsuhiro Shibata
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
Stove-in Chest Injury
Authors: E. Cooper
Journal: BMJ (1957)

<h3>Summary</h3> A two layer “sandwich” technique for the detection of macromolecular synthesis in myxovirus-infected cells has been carried out using a small glycoprotein substrate, fetuin, followed by an outer layer of antifetuin antibody labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate. This method appears to offer a high degree of sensitivity and permits one to use a single fluorescent label for the identification of myxovirus-infected cells.
THE EFFECT OF SPHINGOMYELIN ON THE GROWTH OF TUBERCLE BACILLI
Authors: René J. Dubos
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1948)

All preparations of sphingomyelin tested, whatever the tissues from which they originated, were found to enhance the growth of tubercle bacilli in vitro. Cerebrosides were inactive in this respect. Sphingomyelin promotes growth through two independent mechanisms: (a) It neutralizes the toxicity of long chain fatty acids probably by forming with them inert complexes. This protective effect facilitates initiation of growth from small inocula. (b) It supplies to the bacteria lignoceric acid (or its amide) which is utilized for growth. The base sphingosine, another component of sphingomyelin, does not favor and probably inhibits proliferation of tubercle bacilli.
Abstract 1911: Influence of gap-junction formation on melanoma specific-CD8 T cells function
Authors: Houssem Benlalam, Thibault Carré, Abdelali Jalil, Marie-Françoise Avril, Claudine Kieda, Fathia Mami-Chouaib, Salem Chouaib
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Gap-junction channels (GJ) constitute a new potential pathway involved in the regulation of the tumor immunity. We previously showed, in a 3D construct model, that connexin43-based-GJ permitted the transfer of antigenic peptide from melanoma cell line to autologous endothelial cells. This antigenic peptide was cross-presented by endothelial cells leading to their specific recognition and lysis by specific autologous CD8+ CTL. We further investigate the potential role of GJ in the interaction between endothelial and melanoma cells. Using histological sections staining, our results indicate that gap-junction formation can occur in vivo from melanoma patients. Morever, we found that GJ are colocalized in the immunological synapse between CD8+ CTL and melanoma or melanoma-derived endothelial cells. Analysis of intracellular traffic of connexin43-GFP, using confocal live imaging, corroborates this observation since a translocation of intracellular connexin43-GFP to the contact area between CTL and target cells was observed. Our data demonstrate that CTL and melanoma cell lines exchange their intracytoplasmic content through GJ formation during the formation of the immunological synapse. The characterization of the GJ role and the influence of transferred molecules between cells will be discussed. These data open a new perspective on gap-junction importance in the anti-tumor activity of CTLs. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1911.
Role of collagen in acute myocardial infarct expansion.
Authors: P Whittaker, D R Boughner, R A Kloner
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND We sought to determine if damage to the myocardial collagen network was the cause of infarct expansion. METHODS AND RESULTS Using polarized light microscopy, we examined sections from rat hearts obtained at 1, 2, 3, and 4 days after permanent coronary artery occlusion. Three features of the collagen network likely to be important in resisting infarct expansion were assessed: collagen quality, collagen quantity, and collagen organization. We observed a decrease in the number of normally birefringent collagen fibers in the infarct as early as 1 day after infarction. This decrease correlated significantly with time (r = -0.989, p less than 0.001). In addition, we found that the fewer normally birefringent collagen fibers present, the greater the degree of infarct expansion (assessed by measurement of total left ventricular cross-sectional area). At 4 days after infarction, we noted a loss of intermyocyte collagen struts and loss of interstitial space. These changes coincided with the onset of pronounced infarct expansion. The loss of collagen struts is consistent with the concept that expansion proceeds via slippage of myocytes previously tethered by the struts. The loss of interstitial space may represent the resolution of interstitial edema, which could further weaken the ventricular wall. CONCLUSIONS The correlation of infarct expansion with collagen damage and the loss of support provided by collagen struts suggest that collagen is important in maintaining structural integrity after acute myocardial infarction.
Re: Hooman Djaladat, Parvin Tajin, Pooya Payandemehr and Sara Alehashemi. Ureteral Catheterization in Uncomplicated Ureterolithotripsy: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Eur Urol 2007;52:836–41
Authors: Rocco Damiano, Riccardo Autorino
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Pituitary Tumors Secreting Growth Hormone and Prolactin
Authors: SHLOMO MELMED
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

The pathophysiology of functional adenomas of the anterior pituitary gland can be understood in the context of the central neural control of anterior pituitary secretion and by the fact that the cell types of the anterior pituitary gland generally express a single polypeptide hormone. Functional pituitary adenomas arise de novo from one or more of these cell types, but a defect in hypothalamic regulation can contribute to tumorigenesis and sometimes result in persistent tumor recurrence despite local surgical cure. The recent advances in molecular biology, radioimmunoassay, neuroradiology, and transsphenoidal microneurosurgery techniques have greatly improved our understanding of the pathophysiology of these tumors, enhanced diagnostic accuracy, and led to newer medical and surgical therapeutic approaches. This conference reviews the molecular and cellular pathophysiology, causes, diagnosis, clinical features, and medical and surgical management of the two common functional pituitary adenomas, prolactinoma and somatotropinoma.
Applying evidence is problem not just for educational quality
Authors: Peter Griffiths, Angus Forbes
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Greenhalgh et al describe the difficulties encountered when attempting to apply the techniques of evidence based medicine to complex problems in medical education.1 However, their study also illustrates that some broad principles can be generalised to help identify and synthesise evidence.

At the risk of oversimplifying, the “system” for the “systematic” review may require …
Mapping of quantitative trait loci for blood pressure and cardiac mass in the rat by genome scanning of recombinant inbred strains.
Authors: M Pravenec, D Gauguier, J J Schott, J Buard, V Kren, V Bila, C Szpirer, J Szpirer, J M Wang, H Huang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

In the HXB and BXH recombinant inbred strains derived from the spontaneously hypertensive rat and the normotensive Brown Norway rat, we determined the strain distribution patterns of 500 genetic markers to scan the rodent genome for quantitative trait loci regulating cardiac mass and blood pressure. The markers spanned approximately 1,139 cM of the genome and were tested for correlations with left ventricular mass adjusted for body weight, and with systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures. The marker for the dopamine 1A receptor (Drd1a) on chromosome 17 showed the strongest correlation with left ventricular heart weight (P = .00038, r = -0.59) and the relationship to heart weight was independent of blood pressure. The markers showing the strongest correlations with systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure were D19Mit7 on chromosome 19 (P = .0012, r = .55), D2N35 on chromosome 2 (P = .0008, r = .56), and Il6 on chromosome 4 (P = .0018, r = .53), respectively. These studies demonstrate that the HXB and BXH strains can be effectively used for genome scanning studies of complex traits and have revealed several chromosome regions that may be involved in the genetic control of blood pressure and cardiac mass in the rat.
Letter: Fertility drugs and the media.
Authors: M A Stafford-Bell
Journal: BMJ (1973)

the Central Manpower Committee and the Joint Committees on Higher Medical and Surgical Training of the royal colleges.These have prepared schedules of training in the various specialties which, of course, include an important "service" component, recogniz- ing that participation in the routine clinical care of patients with increasing responsibility under the tutelage of an experienced clinician is an essential element.But it is unrealistic to suppose that to spread this "service" contribution of trainees evenly over all hospitals would solve the staffing prob- lems of the iiospital service.-Iam, etc.,
Abstract B45: A novel therapeutic approach for neuroblastoma
Authors: Reza Bayat Mokhtari, Micky Tsui, Shamim Lotfi, Sushil Kumar, Narges Baluch, Syed S. Islam, Bikul Das, Herman Yeger
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Neuroblastoma (NB), a tumor of the primitive neural crest, despite aggressive treatment regimens, portends a poor long-term survival for patients with advanced high stage NB. Here, we investigated the effects of targeting two families of critical regulatory molecules involved in cancer progression, histone deacetylases (HDACs) and carbonic anhydrases (CAs). HDACs regulate the expression and activity of various proteins involved in carcinogenesis and cancer progression, whereas carbonic anhydrases (CAs) function in tumor cell pH homeostasis and therein regulation of growth, survival, and metastasis. In this study we have used HDAC inhibitor (HDACi), pyridylmethyl-N-{4-[(2-aminophenyl)-carbamoyl]-benzyl}-carbamate (MS-275) and CA inhibitor acetazolamide (AZ). We report that MS-275, at nanomolar concentrations, significantly reduced the tumor initiating cell fraction (TIC) in NB cell lines in reference to NT2/D1, a teratocarcinoma cell line, exhibiting a stem cell like phenotype in-vitro. Stemness genes Oct-5, SOX2 and nanog, assessed by flow cytometry and western blot were found to be significantly down-regulated after MS-275 treatment. Overall, the tumor growth inhibitory effect of MS-275 was demonstrated by cytotoxicity assays, FACs analysis, and “In cell Western” assay. In-vivo treatment with MS-275 (20 mg/Kg) in human NB SH-SY5Y subcutaneous NOD/SCID xenograft model significantly reduced the tumor weight after 21 days treatment compared to the control (AZ 30%; MS-275 85%; AZ+MS-275 90%); (AZ p&amp;lt;0.05; MS-275 and MS-275+AZ p&amp;lt;0.0001). The efficacy of MS-275 was further enhanced by co-administration of AZ (40 mg/Kg) without causing morbidity in mice. Electron microscopy and H&amp;E staining revealed higher numbers of apoptotic cells in MS-275 and AZ+MS-275 treated tumors. Upon re-implantation of tumor cells from primary xenografts in mice, the MS-275+AZ treated cells did not produce palpable tumors after two months whereas untreated cells produced large tumors. This significant reduction in initial tumorigenicity and subsequent abrogation suggests potential elimination of NB tumor initiating cells. Thus MS-275 combined with AZ shows promise as a potent novel anti-NB therapeutic strategy given their current clinical utility. Citation Format: Reza Bayat Mokhtari, Sr., Micky Tsui, Sr., Shamim Lotfi, Sr., Sushil Kumar, Sr., Narges Baluch, Syed S. Islam, Bikul Das, Herman Yeger. A novel therapeutic approach for neuroblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pediatric Cancer at the Crossroads: Translating Discovery into Improved Outcomes; Nov 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;74(20 Suppl):Abstract nr B45.
Effects of the selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor dazoxiben on variations in cyclic blood flow in stenosed canine coronary arteries.
Authors: L R Bush, W B Campbell, L M Buja, G D Tilton, J T Willerson
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Recent studies suggest that platelet activation and subsequent thromboxane (TX) A2 release play important roles in certain coronary syndromes. To further test this possibility, we examined the ability of a selective TXA2-synthetase inhibitor, dazoxiben (UK-37-248), to abolish cyclic flow reductions (CFRs) that occur in experimentally stenosed canine coronary arteries. CFRs, which are characterized by progressive declines in coronary blood flow and interrupted by sudden and usually spontaneous restorations of flow, were produced by placing hard plastic cylindrical constrictors (5 mm long X 4.5 mm outer diameter) on the proximal left anterior descending or circumflex coronary artery in open-chest, anesthetized dogs. Coronary blood flow was measured with pulsed Doppler flow probes placed proximal to the constrictors and regional myocardial blood flow with 15 micron radiolabeled microspheres. CFRs were observed for 1 hr, during which coronary blood flow was monitored continuously. Regional myocardial blood flow was measured before constriction, when coronary blood flow appeared to be at its nadir, and after spontaneous restorations of flow. After 1 hr dazoxiben (2.5 mg/kg iv) or an equal volume of saline was given and coronary blood flow was monitored for another hour. Dazoxiben abolished CFRs completely in 18 of 28 dogs and significantly reduced their frequency in the dogs receiving the drug (10.1 +/- 0.8 vs 3.2 +/- 1.0 per hour [+/- SE]; p less than .001, n = 28). The frequency and magnitude of variations in cyclic blood flow were unchanged after saline (8.8 +/- 0.8 vs 9.0 +/- 1.0 per hour; p = NS, n = 13). The lowest levels of coronary blood flow before and after dazoxiben were 8.6 +/- 2.2% and 48.8 +/- 5.4% of control, respectively (p less than .001, n = 28), whereas this parameter remained unchanged after saline (18.7 +/- 5.7% vs 13.4 +/- 4.1%, respectively; n = 13). The levels of TXB2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin (PG) F1 alpha (stable breakdown products of TXA2 and prostacyclin, respectively) were measured in blood collected from aortic and distal coronary arterial catheters before coronary constriction (control), during CFRs, and after administration of dazoxiben. TXB2 levels measured distal to the stenosis were increased fivefold during CFRs (352 +/- 126 vs 71 +/- 18 pg/ml plasma; p less than .03) and were reduced to preconstriction (control) levels by dazoxiben (57 +/- 12 pg/ml). Aortic TXB2 levels almost doubled with CFRs and also returned to control levels after dazoxiben.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Filariasis; Lymph Scrotum and Varicose Groin Glands: Post-Mortem Examination
Authors: C. W. Young
Journal: BMJ (1897)

occurring in the course of locomotor ataxia, from the sym- ptoms of which lhe was suffering.The frequency with which spontaneous fracture of bones occur in cases of locomotor ataxia has not, it seems, been cal- culated, but the relative frequency of suchi fractures in dif- ferent bones of the body is given by DurandI as follows.Of 42 instances: 17 occurred inCthe femnur.so ,.,, tibia and tibula.6 ,,,, radius aud ulna. ,, , ,,Accordingly the femur is, of all the bones, the most liable to have tropiiic changes taking place in it, and to become spon- taneously fractured in locomotor ataxia.I may here observe that the bones of the lower extremities are affected very nearly three times as often as those of the upper; and, although the fracture takes place in consequence of some diseased ciange in the bones, yet union, and that often with much callus, seems to occur readily, as indeed it does in osteomalacia, in fragilitas ossium, and even in secondary cancer of bone.The prognosis in such cases, so far as the fractured bone is con- cerned, is favourable.With regard to the causes of spontaneous fractures in ilocomotor ataxia, all are agreed that they arise from localised changes in the bones-" trophic changes "-and that such changes are dependent upon disease of the nervous system.The changes in the bone which precede spontaneous fracture are in the main (i) rarefying osteitis, (2) fatty transformation of the connective tissue cells, and, lastly, great diminution REFERENCES.
Sexual transmission of hepatitis D virus infection in Taiwan
Authors: Jaw-Ching Wu, Shou-Dong Lee, Sugantha Govindarajan, Hwa-Chen Lin, Pesus Chou, Yan-Jenn Wang, Shoou-Yih Lee, Yang-Te Tsai, Kwang-Juei Lo, Ling-Pai Ting
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Multivariate analysis of the risk factors for hepatitis D virus infection among 53 men with acute hepatitis D virus superinfection, 59 men with acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B and 54 asymptomatic male hepatitis B carriers revealed that sexual contact with prostitutes and use of nondisposable needles were the factors significantly associated with hepatitis D virus infection in Taiwan (odds ratio = 5.5, 95% confidence interval = 3.3 to 9.2; odds ratio = 2.4, 95% confidence interval = 1.3 to 4.4, respectively). The prevalence of antibody to hepatitis D virus antigen among hepatitis B virus carriers with histories of sexual exposure to prostitutes was 10.3% (14 of 136) and the prevalence of hepatitis D virus antigen among the female prostitutes who were hepatitis B virus carriers was 59% (24 of 51). Among those who admitted to sexual contact with prostitutes, testing for hepatitis D virus antigen revealed positive correlations with the frequency of such sexual contacts and with the frequency of history of venereal diseases. Among the female prostitutes, the prevalence of hepatitis D virus antigen had a positive correlation with the frequency of sexual contact and a negative correlation with age. Analysis of serum hepatitis D virus RNA among those with hepatitis D virus antigen revealed that 4 of the 9 with sexual exposure to prostitutes and 3 of the 24 prostitutes were positive. From these findings, we conclude that these two groups are not only at high risk for hepatitis D virus infection but also form a reservoir of this virus.(HEPATOLOGY 1990;11:1057–1061.).
Effects of Sodium Cromoglycate and Nedocromil Sodium on Histamine Secretion from Mast Cells from Various Locations
Authors: F. L. Pearce, M. Al-Laith, L. Bosman, J. Brostoff, T. M. Cunniffe, K. C. Flint, B. N. Hudspith, Z. H. Jaffar, N. McI. Johnson, T. A. Kassessinoff, H. Y.A. Lau, P. Y. Lee, K. B.P. Leung, W. L. Liu, K. R. Tainsh
Journal: Drugs (1989)