tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Respiratory symptoms questionnaire for asthma epidemiology: validity and reproducibility.
Authors: K M Venables, N Farrer, L Sharp, B J Graneek, A J Newman Taylor
Journal: Thorax (1993)

BACKGROUND: There is a need for a new respiratory symptoms questionnaire for use in epidemiological research in asthma. METHOD: A questionnaire was designed following a pilot study in 78 subjects. It contains nine questions on symptoms such as wheeze and difficulty with breathing in defined circumstances such as exercise and sleep. It was completed by 211 adults and validated by comparison with a self reported history of asthma and with bronchial hyperresponsiveness to histamine. Its short term reproducibility was measured by three repeat administrations over two weeks. RESULTS: Subjects with asthma (n = 33), particularly those having had an asthma attack in the last year (n = 23), were more likely to report any symptom and to report a greater number of symptoms than those without asthma. The same relationship was found for bronchial hyperresponsiveness and symptoms. Either two or more, or three or more, symptoms appeared to be good indices of self reported asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness, or both, with a high sensitivity (65-91%) and specificity (85-96%). Reproducibility was good, with few subjects changing the number of symptoms reported by more than one symptom and none by more than four symptoms. The results compared favourably with those from questions on phlegm production from the MRC questionnaire and were better than those reported for the MRC wheeze questions. CONCLUSIONS: The questionnaire will be useful for epidemiological research on asthma and could form part of a new standardised questionnaire with wide applications.
Hospital Industrial Engineering: A Guide to the Improvement of Hospital Management Systems
Authors: David Littauer
Journal: JAMA (1967)

This guide to hospital management systems is a landmark on the road which the American Hospital Association took 15 years ago when it established a committee on methods improvement in hospitals. The authors, members of a pioneer group of industrial engineers who turned their attention from the familiar worlds of business and industry to the complex and often baffling problems of health care institutions, have produced a comprehensive text that can be used equally as a manual for the practicing hospital executive and as a reference book for students in courses in hospital administration.  The first portion of the book, which defines the role of industrial engineering in the hospital and discusses the conditions under which it can function effectively, can be read profitably also by staff physicians and trustees who wish to improve the productivity of the systems employed by hospitals to achieve their three major objectives: care of
Application of reliability models to studies of biomarker validation.
Authors: E Taioli, P Kinney, A Zhitkovich, H Fulton, V Voitkun, G Cosma, K Frenkel, P Toniolo, S Garte, M Costa
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

We present a model of biomarker validation developed in our laboratory, the results of the validation study, and the impact of the estimation of the variance components on the design of future molecular epidemiologic studies. Four different biomarkers of exposure are illustrated: DNA-protein cross-link (DNA-PC), DNA-amino acid cross link (DNA-AA), metallothionein gene expression (MT), and autoantibodies to oxidized DNA bases (DNAox). The general scheme for the validation experiments involves n subjects measured on k occasions, with j replicate samples analyzed on each occasion. Multiple subjects, occasions, and replicates provide information on intersubject, intrasubject, and analytical measurement variability, respectively. The analysis of variance showed a significant effect of batch variability for DNA-PC and MT gene expression, whereas DNAox showed a significant between-subject variability. Among the amino acids tested, cysteine and methionine showed a significant contribution of both batch and between-subject variability, threonine showed between-subject variability only, and tyrosine showed between-batch and between-subject variability. The total variance estimated through the experiment was used to calculate the minimum sample size required for a future epidemiologic study including the same biomarkers used for the reliability study. Such validation studies can detect the various components of variability of a biomarker and indicate needed improvements of the assay, along with possible use in field studies.
Abstract 1600: Chemoprevention of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster cheek pouch carcinogenesis by topical garcinol through inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase
Authors: Xinyan Zhang, Xin Chen, Ye Lu, Joong-Youn Shim, Shengmin Sang, Zheng Sun, Xiaoxin Luke Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Oral cancer is a common malignancy occurring in developing countries, and remains problematic due to lack of effective strategies of prevention and treatment. Our previous studies have shown that aberrant arachidonic acid metabolism, especially the 5-lipoxygenase (5-Lox) pathway, is involved in oral carcinogenesis, and can be targeted for cancer prevention. In order to develop potent topical agents for oral cancer chemoprevention, five known 5-Lox inhibitors from dietary and synthetic sources were evaluated for their potential efficacy when topically applied on the oral epithelium. Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone from the fruit rind of Garcinia spp., was found to be the most promising agent based on our calculation of a theoretical activity index. In a short-term study on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-treated hamster cheek pouch, topical garcinol suppressed leukotriene B4 (LTB4) biosynthesis and inhibited inflammation and cell proliferation in the oral epithelium. In a long-term carcinogenesis study, topical garcinol significantly reduced the size of visible tumors, the number of cancer lesions, cell proliferation, and LTB4 biosynthesis. Furthermore, computer modeling showed that garcinol well fit the active site of 5-Lox, and inhibited enzyme activity through possible interactions between the phenolic hydroxyl groups and the non-heme catalytic iron. These results demonstrated that topical garcinol exerts its chemopreventive effect on DMBA-induced hamster cheek pouch carcinogenesis by inhibiting 5-Lox, inflammation and cell. Chemical modifications of garcinol may produce more potent 5-Lox inhibitors for topical use in oral cancer chemoprevention. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1600. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1600
Echocardiographic detection of left main coronary artery obstruction.
Authors: L D Rink, H Feigenbaum, R W Godley, A E Weyman, J C Dillon, J F Phillips, J E Marshall
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Advances in two-dimensional echocardiography have improved the prospects of using this technique to detect left main coronary artery (LMCA) obstruction. Using an echocardiograph that had digital gray scale, a 3-MHz transducer and strobe freeze-frame capability and reviewing recordings on an off-line videotape-videodisc analyzer, we retrospectively examined the LMCA in 72 patients who underwent coronary cineangiography. Angiography showed 50% or greater LMCA obstruction in seven patients. All seven had high-intensity echoes in the walls of the LMCA. The high-intensity echoes were irregularly located in the artery and partially occluded it. The LMCA could frequently be recorded proximal and distal to the obstruction. A blinded observer reviewed 28 randomly selected patients from this group and correctly identified the four patients with LMCA obstruction. There was one true and two questionable false-positive diagnoses. In a prospective study of 31 patients, two independent observers correctly identified the three patients with LMCA obstruction. There were no false negatives, and one observer had one false positive. All of the false positives were in patients with proximal left anterior descending coronary artery obstructions. Echocardiography may be a practical means of identifying patients with the LMCA obstruction.
Nutrition and Policy
Authors: Aaron Levin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Currents20 April 1999Nutrition and PolicyAaron LevinAaron LevinSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-8-199904200-00101 SectionsAboutFull Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail In January 1998, scientists and government officials gathered in Washington, D.C., to decide how much was too much of a good thing. This group, part of the National Academy of Sciences' Food and Nutrition Board (FNB), discussed setting upper limits on daily consumption of vitamins, minerals, and trace elements—part of a broader process to determine what Americans need in their diets to stay healthy.But what Americans need to eat depends on each person's definition of “healthy.” As recently as 20 or 30 years ago, nutritional standards still focused on preventing diseases that resulted from nutritional deficiencies. Today, the emphasis ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Corresponding Author: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByParathyroid hormone-related protein is a hypertrophy factor for human mesangial cells: Implications for diabetic nephropathyAfrican American Health Initiative Planning Project: A Social Ecological Approach Utilizing Community-Based Participatory Research Methods 20 April 1999Volume 130, Issue 8Page: 705-707KeywordsCalciumDietEatingFatsFoodMeatNutrientsNutritionVitaminsZinc Issue Published: 20 April 1999 CopyrightCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
Co-regulation of stress in uterus and during early infancy mediates early programming of gender differences in attachment styles: Evolutionary, genetic, and endocrinal perspectives
Authors: Sari Goldstein Ferber
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract According to evolutionary, genetic, and endocrinal perspectives, gender differences are modulated by the interaction between intra-uterine stress, genetic equipments, and the availability of the facilitating environment during the newborn period. The social message of fitness over obstacles during socialization and the discussion of secure/non-secure attachment styles should take into consideration the brain functions, which are altered differently in response to intra- and extra-uterine stress in each gender.
843-5 Drug-eluting stents for the treatment of bifurcated coronary lesions: A randomized comparison of simple versus complex-strategy approach
Authors: Manuel Pan, Alfonso Medina, JoséSuárez de Lezo, Antonio Delgado, Miguel Romero, José Segura, Enrique Hernández, Djordje Pavlovic, Juan Herrador, Isabel Ureña, Federico Segura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Improved imaging offers look at whole body
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Medical imaging's centennial is about a decade away, but there is much to celebrate already. More information is being extracted from more body areas for more purposes than ever before. For the most part, the imaging equipment and techniques used to study the CNS (see last week's<i>JAMA</i>MEDICAL NEWS) are finding increasing uses elsewhere in the body. Among these, a relative newcomer to clinical diagnosis, the experimental technique of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), continues to hold much of the spotlight. Said Ferdinando S. Buonanno, MD, of the Neurology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Boston, at the American Association of Neurological Surgeons meeting in Honolulu: "NMR shows soft tissue very well, so it probably will have greater application outside the head. You can look at the abdomen, see kidney structure, blood vessels, tendons around muscles, and there's nothing short of cutting open and looking inside that comes close." Juan M.
Bone marrow stromal cell conditioned media reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress in alveolar epithelial cells in vitro
Authors: Izabela Nita, Amiq Ur Rahman Gazdhar, Thomas Geiser
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Introduction Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disorder of unknown etiology. Evidence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been found in lungs of IPF patients. In the present study we investigate possible effects of Bone Marrow Stromal Cell conditioned media (BMSC-cm) on ER stress response and wound healing in alveolar epithelial cells (AEC). Methods Wounded A549 were treated with 3μg of Tunicamycin for 24h to induce ER stress afterwards cells were treated with BMSC-cm or control media for 24h and 48h. qRT PCR was performed for analysis of ER stress markers: Grp78, XBP1 and CHOP and the wounds were measured at 0h, 24h and 48h. Results Gene expression level of Grp78 was reduced after BMSC-cm treatment at 24h compared to controls (3.03±0.36 vs 4.86±0.76 2ΔΔct) and further reduced (1.71±0.28 2ΔΔct) after 48h. Similarly, the spliced variant of XBP1 was reduced after BMSC-cm treatment compared to the control group (4.07±0.41vs 5.42±0.51 2ΔΔct) at 24h and at 48h (1.66±0.21 2ΔΔct). Moreover, CHOP levels were diminished after BMSC-cm compared to controls (10.13±1.39 vs 1.74±1.07 2ΔΔct) at 24h and at 48h (1.02±0.019 2ΔΔct). Furthermore, the percentage of alveolar wound repair was increased in presence of BMSC-cm in ER stressed cells as compared to controls at 24h (48.50%±5.1 vs 20.34%±2.51) and at 48h (60.1%±4.5 vs 22.45%±5.12). Conclusions BMSC-cm increases alveolar epithelial wound healing, possibly by reducing ER stress in AEC. Since ER stress predisposes to AEC dysfunction and subsequent lung fibrosis, our study emphasize that ER stress inhibition may serve as important therapeutic target in IPF, perhaps by BMSC-cm.
HÆMOSTATIC, LIPID, AND BLOOD-PRESSURE PROFILES OF WOMEN ON ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES CONTAINING 50 &amp;micro;g OR 30 &amp;micro;g ŒSTROGEN
Authors: T.W. Meade, A.P. Haines, W.R.S. North, R. Chakrabarti, D.J. Howarth, Yvonne Stirling
Journal: The Lancet (1977)
Effect of population density on the results of the study of water supplies in five California counties.
Authors: P M Conforti
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Two previous studies (1969-1971 and 1969-1974) examined the association between cancer incidence and chrysotile asbestos ingested through drinking water in the San Francisco-Oakland Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA). Population density, an important covariable in the association between cancer and environmental agents, was not included in the analyses of these studies. The present work determines the effect of this covariable on the results of the second San Francisco-Oakland SMSA study. The original and reanalyzed results are compared to reassess the association between cancer and asbestos. The only change in the regression procedures of the original studies was the addition of population density as an independent variable in the reanalysis. The results of the reanalysis showed that population density had little effect on the results of the second study. Slightly more significance was found for asbestos regression coefficients in the reanalysis, including population density, than in the original analysis. These regression coefficients for asbestos indicated a positive association between ingested chrysotile asbestos and some cancer body sites. The conclusion of the reanalysis was that population density was distributed across the San Francisco-Oakland SMSA in such a way that it had little effect on the observation of an association between ingested asbestos and cancer.
The Effect of "Sympatholytic Drugs on the Cardiovascular Responses to Epinephrine and Norepinephrine in Man
Authors: EDWARD D. FREIS, J. CALVIN MACKAY, WILLIAM F. OLIVER
Journal: Circulation (1951)

Under controlled conditions the effects of various "sympatholytic" agents on the cardiovascular responses to epinephrine and norepinephrine were compared in man. The dosages of the sympatholytic drugs administered approximated those usually employed clinically. Such basic data are given for the following agents: Dibenamine, the imidazoline derivatives [Priscoline and Regitine (C-7337)], the dihydrogenated alkaloids of ergot (D.H.K. and C.C.K.), L-hydrazinophthalazine (C-5968), tetraethylammonium, and hexamethonium (C6).
Dummies and SIDS: Low response rates generate considerable uncertainty
Authors: Christopher J Cates
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Editor—Li et al found that in infants who died from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) the reported use of a dummy (pacifier) in the index sleep was 4.1%, in the 50% of eligible mothers who agreed to take part.1 The use of a dummy in the other 50% of eligible infants with SIDS is unknown. In the control …
CLINICAL IMPROVEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH EXERCISE INDUCED PULMONARY ARTERY HYPERTENSION AFTER 6 MONTHS OF PHOSPHODIESTERASE-5 INHIBITORS OR ENDOTHELIAL RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS OR BOTH
Authors: Santhosh R. Mannem, Jason Salamon, Sampath Gunda, Muhammed Iqbal, Manoj Bhandari, Jeremy Mazurek, Ronald Zolty
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Serum insensitive, intranuclear protein delivery by the multipurpose cationic lipid Saint-2
Authors: Bernardina T.F. van der Gun, Amélie Monami, Sven Laarmann, Tamás Raskó, Krystyna Ślaska-Kiss, Elmar Weinhold, Reinhold Wasserkort, Lou F.M.H. de Leij, Marcel H.J. Ruiters, Antal Kiss, Pamela M.J. McLaughlin
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2007)
Timing of Reoperation for Patients With Severe Peritonitis
Authors: E. Patchen Dellinger
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cellular Immune Response to HBcAg in Mother-to-Infant Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus
Authors: Hong-Yuan Hsu, Mei-Hwei Chang, Kue-Hsiung Hsieh, Chin-Yun Lee, Ho-Hsiung Lin, Lih-Hwa Hwang, Pei-Jer Chen, Ding-Shinn Chen
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

ABSTRPlCT Cellular immunity to HBcAg was studied in hepatitis B virus carrier children and neonates born to hepatitis B virus carrier mothers. A significant proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to HBcAg was found in 5 of 10 children with elevated ALT levels but in none of the nine HBeAg–positive children with normal ALT levels. HBeAg but not HBsAg was detected in cord blood of 9 of 10 neonates born to HBeAg–positive carrier mothers, suggesting exposure of these neonates to HBeAg in utero. However, cord mononuclear cells from neonates born to HBeAg–positive carrier mothers did not show a significant change in the proportion of suppressor and helper T–cell subsets or proliferative response to HBcAg. Nor did they produce interleukin–2 receptor after being cocultured with HBcAg. The unresponsiveness of peripheral–blood mononuclear cells or cord mononuclear cells to HBeAg was not reversed by CD8 + cell depletion. Although cord blood mononuclear cells from neonates born to carrier mothers positive for antibody to HBeAg also did not respond to HBcAg, we encountered an infant, born to a carrier mother positive for antibody to HBeAg, who contracted acute hepatitis B at 2.5 mo of age. The baby's peripheral–blood mononuclear cells showed a significant proliferative response to HBcAg. These results support the view that transplacental maternal HBeAg probably induces a specific unresponsiveness of helper T cells to HBcAg and HBeAg in the neonates born to HBeAg–positive carrier mothers. This specific helper T cell tolerance could be maintained throughout the early replicative phase of carrier state but might break someday with the appearance of raised ALT level. (Hepatology 1992;15:770-776).
Idiosyncrasy to Pyrazolone Drugs
Authors: G. Czerniawska‐Mysik, A. Szczeklik
Journal: Allergy (1981)

Studies carried out in 68 patients with idiosyncratic reactions to noramidopyrine and/or aminophenazone led to distinction of two different groups. In the first group: 1) noramidopyrine, aminophenazone, phenylbutazone and sulfinpyrazone as well as several other inhibitors of cyclooxygenase, including aspirin, precipitated bronchoconstriction; 2) skin tests with pyrazolone drugs were virtually negative; 3) all patients had chronic asthma. In the second group: 1) noramidopyrine and aminophenazone induced anaphylactic shock and/or urticaria; 2) skin tests with these drugs were highly positive; 3) phenylbutazone, sulfinpyrazone and several other cyclooxygenase inhibitors, including aspirin, could be taken with impunity; 4) chronic bronchial asthma was present in only one‐fourth of the patients. We suggest that the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for the idiosyncratic reactions involve inhibition of cyclooxygenase in the first group, and allergic reactions in the second group. Distinction of these two groups is of clinical importance since in individual patients it gives insight into the safe administration of pyrazolone and aspirin‐like drugs.
Evaluation of a Heat Vulnerability Index on Abnormally Hot Days: An Environmental Public Health Tracking Study
Authors: Colleen E. Reid, Jennifer K. Mann, Ruth Alfasso, Paul B. English, Galatea C. King, Rebecca A. Lincoln, Helene G. Margolis, Dan J. Rubado, Joseph E. Sabato, Nancy L. West, Brian Woods, Kathleen M. Navarro, John R. Balmes
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Extreme hot weather conditions have been associated with increased morbidity and mortality, but risks are not evenly distributed throughout the population. Previously, a heat vulnerability index (HVI) was created to geographically locate populations with increased vulnerability to heat in metropolitan areas throughout the United States.We sought to determine whether areas with higher heat vulnerability, as characterized by the HVI, experienced higher rates of morbidity and mortality on abnormally hot days.We used Poisson regression to model the interaction of HVI and deviant days (days whose deviation of maximum temperature from the 30-year normal maximum temperature is at or above the 95th percentile) on hospitalization and mortality counts in five states participating in the Environmental Public Health Tracking Network for the years 2000 through 2007.The HVI was associated with higher hospitalization and mortality rates in all states on both normal days and deviant days. However, associations were significantly stronger (interaction p-value < 0.05) on deviant days for heat-related illness, acute renal failure, electrolyte imbalance, and nephritis in California, heat-related illness in Washington, all-cause mortality in New Mexico, and respiratory hospitalizations in Massachusetts.Our results suggest that the HVI may be a marker of health vulnerability in general, although it may indicate greater vulnerability to heat in some cases.