tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
958 Hepatitis B virus genotypes in HBEAG-positive patients: geographic distribution and relation to viral replication and fibrosis
Authors: J SARNEEL, H NIESTERS, R DEMAN, S SCHALM, H JANSSEN
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

A novel variant of the HLA-DR13 group is described. The new allele was found in a DR 10, 13 heterozygous patient of Turkish origin, two HLA genotypically identical children of the patient typed as DR11, 13, and one child typed as DR13, 13. DR13 subtyping of the patient was initially performed by SSCP analysis of PCR-amplified DNA, using the 11th IHWS primers DRBAMP-3 and DRBAMP-B. Due to an unusual SSCP banding pattern, the PCR product was subjected to solid-phase sequencing. The sequence of the new allele, DRB1∗1314, is different from that of DRB 1∗1307 by a single nucleotide substitution in codon 47, with T replacing consensus A. This results in a single amino acid change of tryptophan to phenylalanine in the first domain of the DRβ chain.
Simple measures could halve global deaths from unintentional injury, report says
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Unintentional injuries kill more than 2000 children every day around the world, and harm tens of millions of others every year, say the World Health Organization and Unicef in a joint report published this week.

The global death toll could be halved with the adoption of sometimes relatively simple evidence based measures, says the report.

These include legislation on the wearing of car seatbelts and cycle helmets for children; temperature regulation for hot water taps; and child resistant medicine bottles, lighters, and household products.

Other …
Electrocardiographic Effects of a Dietary Supplement Containing Ephedra and Caffeine—Reply
Authors: C. Michael White, Brian F. McBride
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Control of a Murine Plasmacytoma With Doxorubicin-Cisplatin: Dependence on Circadian Stage of Treatment
Authors: R.B. Sothern, F. Levi, E. Haus, F. Halberg, W.J.M. Hrushesk
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

In anticipation of the development of clinical chronotherapy and in order to pick clinical test times for doxorubicin and cisplatin trials, two large studies were performed on rats bearing a transplanted plasmacytoma. The circadian timing of each of two anticancer drugs given at precisely equal dose intensities was expected to improve therapeutic benefit over conventionally given (time-unqualified) treatment. In each chronotherapeutic study, maximal benefit and minimal toxic effects were found when cisplatin was administered in the middle to latter part of the daily activity (dark) span, while doxorubicin was administered near the end of the daily resting (light) span for these nocturnally active rodents living on a 12-hour-12-hour or 8-hour-16-hour light-dark schedule. This was true whether doxorubicin or cisplatin was given first and whether there was a lag of only a few hours or a few days between the administration of these two agents.
Significance of quiescent smooth muscle migration in the injured rat carotid artery.
Authors: A W Clowes, S M Schwartz
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

Cellular accumulation in the intima of injured artery has generally been attributed to smooth muscle cell proliferation. Since smooth muscle cells in normal artery are found mainly in the media, migration of smooth muscle cells into the intima has been considered a necessary prerequisite for subsequent myointimal thickening. The nondividing medial cells would appear to have no role in the reparative process. We have investigated in the rat ballooned carotid the possibility that nondividing cells might also contribute to injury-induced intimal thickening. All proliferating smooth muscle cells were labeled by 3H-thymidine given by continuous intraperitoneal infusion. The amounts of 3H-thymidine used were not toxic and did not inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation. Autoradiograms performed on histological cross-sections showed a progressive decrease in the fraction of unlabeled cells at 3, 7, and 14 days after carotid injury. However, the actual number of nondividing cells remained constant. The calculated growth fraction for the 14-day period was 40%. A substantial number of unlabeled cells was observed in the intima. These data have led us to conclude that only a small fraction of smooth muscle cells in an artery proliferate in response to the injury stimulus, and do so shortly after injury, or not at all. Furthermore, nondividing, as well as proliferating smooth muscle cells, can migrate and contribute, in a substantial way, to the increase in intimal smooth muscle cell number.
Development of Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes
Authors: Leonard M. Pogach, Stephen A. Brietzke, Claude L. Cowan, Jr., Paul Conlin, Debby J. Walder, Clark T. Sawin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—To describe the Veterans Affairs (VA)/Department of Defense (DoD) Clinical Practice Guidelines for diabetes and contrast selected recommendations with those of the American Diabetes Association (ADA). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We summarize the general structure of the VA/DoD Guidelines and describe the rationale for recommendations issued in 2003 for glycemic control, management of hypertension, and retinopathy screening. We compare the synthesis of evidence and resulting recommendations for these content areas with the 2004 American Diabetes Association Clinical Practice Recommendations. RESULTS—The VA/DoD Guidelines and the ADA Clinical Practice Recommendations reported similar strength of evidence findings by content area, but clinical recommendations varied. The VA/DoD Guidelines and practice recommendations emphasize the use of data on absolute risk reduction from available published randomized clinical trials rather than relative risk reduction from observational analyses. The VA/DoD Guidelines employ an algorithm-based methodology to guide clinicians through a risk-stratified approach to managing individual patients rather than promoting a single standard for most or all patients without explicit consideration of competing comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS—The VA/DoD Guidelines are intended to guide diabetes care by providing Internet-ready, evidence-based annotations in algorithmic form to help clinicians set and revise individual treatment goals for their patients.
Method of Testing for Complete Nerve Section During Vagotomy
Authors: H. Burge, J. R. Vane
Journal: BMJ (1958)

RESULTS OF VAGOTOMY AND GASTRO-ENTEROSTOMY MEDIC1LJRNAL 615 reduced to a figLure as low as, or lower than, the best after gastrectomy.We at one time thought that the incidence of changed bowel habit after vagal-nerve section might wveigh in favour of gastrectomy.However, a study of these symptoms after gastrectomy reveals exactly the same problem, although to a somewhat less degree.In trying to assess the place of vagotomy and gastro- enterostomy, we do not believe that it is indicated only in certain types of patient, as, for example, in women and elderly men.If it is to be used at all, then in our view it should be used in all cases where surgery is necessary.In the present state of our knowledge, based on this eight-year study, we believe that.given complete nerve-trunk section, vagotomy and gastro-enterostomy is the operation of choice.At one time we thought that a surgeon experienced in this operation could in every case achieve complete nerve-trunk section without the use of a test.Since such a test has been available we have satisfied ourselves that this is not true and that even an experienced surgeon will obtain better results with this help.It will be interesting, in the future, to study the late results of this operation in cases in which complete nerve-trunk section has been proved at operation.Summary 301 cases, of which only 6 are untraced, of duodenal ulceration treated by vagotomy and gastro-enterostomy are reported.All patients have been followed up for at least seven years.The proved recurrence rate was 4.25%, and this in spite of evidence of a high rate of incomplete nerve section.There has been no proved recurrence in this series since an earlier review in 1955.The results of this operation are compared with those of gastrectomy, and it is concluded that vagotomy and gastro-enterostomy is a better operation so long as there is no great increase in the recurrence rate as shown by a long-term study.From the point of view of nutritional state, anaemia, maintenance of weight and ability for heavy work, vagotomy and gastro-enterostomy is more satisfactory than gastrectomy.The only less favourable symptom after this operation is some looseness of the bowels, which takes on the picture of occasional loose motions.This same symptom, with the same pattern though in somewhat milder form, is found to occur also after gastrectomy.No patient in this series seems to have sought advice for this symptom.This high incidence of incomplete nerve section in the past is good evidence that this operation is better under- taken with the help of a test for complete nerve trunk section which can be used during operation.Such a test is now available (Burge and Vane, 1958).It is concluded that vagotomy.andgastro-enterostomy is the operation of choice in either sex and at any age when surgery is indicated for chronic duodenal ulceration.This investigation has been made possible by the financial help of the Dan Mason
Natural born talents undiscovered
Authors: Michael J. A. Howe, Jane W. Davidson, John A. Sloboda
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

This Response addresses eight issues raised in the commentaries: (1) the question of how innate talents should be defined; (2) relationships between the talent account and broader views concerning genetic variability; (3) the quality of the empirical evidence for and against the talent account; (4) the possible involvement of innate influences on specific abilities; (5) the possibility of talent-like phenomena in autistic savants; (6) alternative explanations of exceptional expertise at skills; (7) practical and educational implications of the talent account and alternative positions. Finally, (8), we conclude by discussing the impact of the commentaries on our own views.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of CYP19A1, rs10459592 and rs4775936 Predict Clinical Benefit of Letrozole in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer.
Authors: I. Park, J. Ro, K. Lee, S. Kim, Y. Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract BackgroundThe CYP19A1 gene encodes the enzyme aromatase, which is involved in the production of estrogen in various tissues. We evaluated the efficacy of an aromatase inhibitor, letrozole in metastatic breast cancer patients according to DNA polymorphisms of the aromatase gene CYP19A1.Patients and methodsPatients (n=113) with hormone receptor positive metastatic breast cancer were treated with letrozole. Monthly GnRH agonist was added in premenopausal patients. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples and was genotyped for 50 polymorphisms of CYP19A1 by iPLEX Gold assay based on matrix-associated laser desorptional ionization, time-of-flight mass spectrometry.ResultsAmong 50 examined single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), 10 SNPs were revealed as monomorphic for Korean population. After trimming of the data using HWE test, rs10459592 (T/G) and rs4775936 (C/T), which were located in exon I.6 of CYP19A, were significantly associated in an over-dominant model with higher disease control rate (CR+PR+SD≥ 6months) (HR=2.82 [95% CI 1.21-6.59], p=0.0149; HR=2.62 [95% CI 1.12-6.10], p=0.0238, respectively). In linkage disequilibrium analysis, these were strongly linked (D'=1.0, r2=0.936), and subsequent haplotype analysis showed a statistical significance with regard to higher disease control rate (HR=2.61 [95% CI 1.12-6.1], p=0.0238). Median time to progression (TTP) with a median follow-up of 85.7 months (range 9.7-107.4 months) was improved in patients having over-dominant form of rs10459592 without statistical significance (median 7.74 months [95% CI 6.48-9.00] vs. median 12.07 months [95% CI 8.87-15.26], p=0.147). In multivariate analysis, rs10459592 (HR=2.81 [95% CI 1.12-7.06], p=0.027) was an independent factor affecting disease control rate besides age (HR=1.06 [95% CI 1.01-1.12], p=0.019) and HER2 positivity (HR=0.25 [95% CI 1.12-7.06], p=0.027).ConclusionIn patients with hormone responsive metastatic breast cancer treated with aromatase inhibitor, letrozole, the presence of SNPs in the exon I.6 of CYP19A1, rs10459592 and rs4775936 were significantly associated with improved treatment efficacy. Although further study is needed, our data present possible candidate markers for the letrozole treatment in metastatic breast cancer. (NCC grant number 0910320-1) Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2117.
A randomized, double-blind controlled trial of interferon alpha-2b and ribavirin vs. interferon alpha-2b and amantadine for treatment of chronic hepatitis C non-responder to interferon monotherapy
Authors: Zobair M Younossi, Kevin D Mullen, Wisam Zakko, Sandra Hodnick, Edward Brand, David S Barnes, William D Carey, Arthur C McCullough, Kirk Easley, Navdeep Boparai, Terry Gramlich
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Basophil histamine release, IgE, eosinophil counts, ECP, and EPX are related to the severity of symptoms in seasonal allergic rhinitis
Authors: L Winther, CM Reimert, PS Skov, L Kærgaard Poulsen, L Moseholm
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Background: Serum specific IgE, basophil histamine release, and blood eosinophil parameters are associated with allergic rhinitis, but investigations of the relationship to the severity of allergic symptoms are few and conflicting. Our study aimed to investigate the seasonal changes in the following laboratory tests: specific IgE, basophil histamine release, eosinophil counts, and serum and plasma eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and eosinophil protein X (EPX), and to analyze, in detail, the relationship of each individual test to the severity of symptoms in rhinitis patients allergic to both birch and grass pollen. Methods: The above tests were performed on blood samples obtained from 49 allergic rhinitis patients during the birch‐pollen season, during the grass‐pollen season, and after the seasons. Symptom‐medication diaries were filled in during both pollen seasons. We used partial least square (PLS) analysis to establish an optimal statistical link between the symptom score and medication and the laboratory tests, in an investigator‐independent way. Results: Increases in specific IgE, basophil histamine release, eosinophil counts, serum ECP and EPX, and plasma EPX were observed from the birch‐pollen season to the grass‐pollen season, followed by a decrease from the grass‐pollen season to after the pollen seasons, except for the specific IgE. No seasonal changes in plasma ECP and total IgE were seen. The PLS analysis found a relationship between symptom score and medication and the aggregate laboratory tests (F‐test value 40.2, correlation 0.34 for the cumulative relation). However, the variation in laboratory tests could explain only half of the total variation in symptoms and less than a quarter of the total variation in medication. The symptom score and, to a minor degree, medication were especially correlated with the basophil histamine‐release results, with a decreasing relevance of specific IgE, eosinophil counts, total IgE, serum and plasma EPX, and serum ECP. Plasma ECP was not related to the symptom score and medication. Conclusions: A significant relationship between the severity of allergic rhinitis and various allergic inflammatory markers was found but could account for only a minor part of the variation in the patients' evaluation of their disease. Abbreviations: ACRI: mean daily capsules of acrivastine; ANTA: mean daily antazoline‐naphazoline eye‐drops; CAP: specific IgE measured by Pharmacia CAP System; ECP: eosinophil cationic protein; EOS: eosinophil counts; EPX: eosinophil protein X; HR: histamine release; HR15: lowest concentration of extract giving ≥15 ng histamine/ml blood in histamine‐release test; LEU: leukocyte counts; MAX: maximum histamine released (ng/ml) at any concentration of extract in histamine‐release test; NAL: nasal lavage; PLS: partial least square analysis; PRED: mean daily mg of prednisolone; SYMP: mean daily value of total symptom score.
SIMPLE TRACTION DEVICE
Authors: E. H. Weissenberg
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Recently, we were confronted with the problem of providing a method for mobilization of contractures in both hips and knees of a patient in whom none of the usual orthopedic or physical therapeutic techniques was applicable. The problem was successfully solved with the aid of a simple traction device that was built in a short time without the use of complicated machinery. The purpose of this paper is to make generally available the knowledge of this additional, easily constructed physical therapeutic aid.  The construction of this device is illustrated diagrammatically in figure 1. We used a masonite ® board ⅜ in. by 16 in. by 18 in. and two pieces of plywood, each ½in. by 6 in. by 6 in. The latter were made into two small carriages by attaching four small metal wheels to each. The wheels could spin freely because friction was low. The carriages moved easily with
Hard decisions: some hospitals have to close
Authors: K. Patel
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset neurodegenerative disease that leads invariably to fatal paralysis associated with motor neuron degeneration and muscular atrophy. One gene associated with ALS encodes the DNA/RNA-binding protein Fused in Sarcoma (FUS). There now exist two <i>Drosophila</i> models of ALS. In one, human FUS with ALS-causing mutations is expressed in fly motor neurons; in the other, the gene <i>cabeza</i> (<i>caz</i>), the fly homolog of FUS, is ablated. These FUS-ALS flies exhibit larval locomotor defects indicative of neuromuscular dysfunction and early death. The locus and site of initiation of this neuromuscular dysfunction remain unclear. We show here that in FUS-ALS flies, motor neuron cell bodies fire action potentials that propagate along the axon and voltage-dependent inward and outward currents in the cell bodies are indistinguishable in wild-type and FUS-ALS motor neurons. In marked contrast, the amplitude of synaptic currents evoked in the postsynaptic muscle cell is decreased by &gt;80% in FUS-ALS larvae. Furthermore, the frequency but not unitary amplitude of spontaneous miniature synaptic currents is decreased dramatically in FUS-ALS flies, consistent with a change in quantal content but not quantal size. Although standard confocal microscopic analysis of the larval neuromuscular junction reveals no gross abnormalities, superresolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy demonstrates that the presynaptic active zone protein bruchpilot is aberrantly organized in FUS-ALS larvae. The results are consistent with the idea that defects in presynaptic terminal structure and function precede, and may contribute to, the later motor neuron degeneration that is characteristic of ALS.
ALIAS (a landing in an alphabet soup)
Authors: Kishore Shah
Journal: BMJ (2005)

All medical specialties use short forms and acronyms, and I had thought O&G (obstetrics and gynaecology) must be one of the top contenders. However, a conference on HIV management really opened my eyes.

No drug used in the management of HIV does not have a short form of its own. Almost all the best combinations have now been used up, like web addresses, and the newer discoveries will have to make do with numbers or symbols.

Initially, it seemed a piece …
Investigating suspected pulmonary embolism in pregnancy
Authors: Andrew Frederick Scarsbrook, Fergus Vincent Gleeson
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A woman in her early 30s presented at 25 weeks' gestation with shortness of breath and chest pain. Clinical examination was unremarkable. The patient was referred for imaging to exclude suspected pulmonary embolism, as this potentially fatal disorder increases in incidence during pregnancy and is a leading cause of maternal mortality. Physiological changes in pregnancy often cause symptoms that mimic pulmonary embolic disease, such as chest pain and shortness of breath. Objective symptom scoring for assessing the pre-test probability is therefore less reliable in pregnancy and is used only rarely.

#### Learning points

Venous thromboembolism is an important diagnosis to confirm …
Adult (Not Internal) Medicine
Authors: Lee Roof
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters1 June 1998Adult (Not Internal) MedicineLee Roof, MDLee Roof, MDWhidbey Island Internal Medicine; Coupeville, WA 98239Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-11-199806010-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In his editorial on adult medicine, Dr. Goldman [1] struggles to find an appropriate title for the physician who would specialize in the study of adult medicine. I have problems with the term adultist because it invokes the image of an adulterer. Other terms, such as adult doctor and adult physician, prompt the observation that most doctors and physicians are indeed adults.One way to settle this dilemma would be to rename the entire specialty by using adult (from the Latin adultus) as the root term. Two possibilities would be adultology, with the appropriate specialist being an ...References1. Goldman L. Adult (not internal) medicine [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 127:835-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Lee Roof, MDAffiliations: Whidbey Island Internal Medicine; Coupeville, WA 98239 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1998Volume 128, Issue 11Page: 958 ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 June 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...