tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hemodynamic effects of nitroprusside in infants with a large ventricular septal defect.
Authors: R H Beekman, A P Rocchini, A Rosenthal
Journal: Circulation (1981)

To evaluate the effect of acute vasodilator therapy, nitroprusside was administered at cardiac catheterization to five infants (ages 10 days to 6 months) with isolated ventricular septal defect and congestive heart failure. Intravenous nitroprusside was begun at a dose of 0.5 micrograms/kg/min and was increased by increments of 0.5 micrograms/kg. Hemodynamic measurements were made before nitroprusside, after 5 minutes at each dose, and 10 minutes after nitroprusside was discontinued. Baseline data were obtained before nitroprusside administration and compared with data obtained at maximal nitroprusside dose. The pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio increased from 2.2 +/- 0.2 to 3.4 +/- 0.2 (mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.05) as a consequence of a marked decrease in systemic blood flow (5.3 +/- 0.7 to 3.6 +/- 0.51/min/m(2), p less than 0.05). Pulmonary flow did not change significantly. Mean pulmonary capillary wedge and right atrial pressures decreased by 53% (10.2 +/- 1.4 to 4.8 +/- 1.4 mm Hg [p less than 0.01] and 6.0 +/- 1.4 to 2.8 +/- 1.1 mm Hg [p less than 0.05], respectively). Decreases in mean aortic (63.6 +/- 3.0 to 54.6 +/- 2.1 mm Hg, p less than 0.05) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (41.4 +/- 6.2 to 32.0 +/- 6.7 mm Hg, p less than 0.05) were also observed. An apparently paradoxical increase in systemic resistance occurred (11.7 +/- 1.6 to 15.4 +/- 2.4 U, p less than 0.05. Our data show that nitroprusside causes a marked decrease in systemic blood flow and an increase in the pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio in infants with a large ventricular septal defect. These findings may be related to the hemodynamic profile of these infants, in whom ventricular function, cardiac output and systemic resistance are normal.
Obstetric aspects of the early discharge of maternity patients.
Authors: G. A. Craig, J. M. Muirhead
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Discharge of Maternity Patients-Arthurton and Bamford MBJ2RRL early discharge, and long-stay hospital patients is recorded; it has shown that mothers confined in hospital begin to feed their babies and become established breast-feeders more often than do women delivered at home.We wish to thank Dr. A. P. Roberts for permission to review cases in his care; Miss G. Clayton, Matron of St. Luke's Maternity Hospital, and Miss E. R
Anabolic Steroid Use Among Male High School Seniors
Authors: Linn Goldberg
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> We were interested in the study by Buckley et al<sup>1</sup>concerning the prevalence of anabolic steroid use among male high school seniors. We believe that, because questionnaires were administered by students' homeroom teachers, underreporting may have been present. Although the authors contend this is a normal testing environment, it is not an environment conducive to confidentiality regarding possible unethical or illegal activity. Secondly, we wonder if supplements sold in health food stores and through magazines as having anabolic properties were differentiated from true anabolic steroids. Why were high school seniors, identified as the "user group," were greater than 19 years old, as these college-age individuals are usually not still in high school? Lastly, we agree that educational interventions should begin as early in life as possible, but have concerns about the efficacy of such programs. With regard to other preventive measures, such as seat belt
The Diagnosis of Meningococcal Meningitis-Reply
Authors: Jordi Mancebo
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We greatly appreciate the comments by Dr Ratner. Although it has been reported that the demonstration of meningococci on smears of petechiae is infrequent,<sup>1</sup>the diagnostic procedure suggested by Dr Ratner may be useful in selected cases, ie, in those patients with a presumptive clinical diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis and a negative Gram's stain smear of cerebrospinal fluid. In a series of 45 adult patients with meningococcal meningitis,<sup>2</sup>we found that the Gram's stain smear of cerebrospinal fluid was positive in 31 (69%) patients. We therefore think that when a diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis is considered, the most accurate, quick, and early diagnostic technique is the spinal tap.
Magnifying Endoscopy Combined with Narrow Band Imaging System for Early Gastric Cancer: Correlation of Vascular Pattern with Histopathology (including video)
Authors: T. Nakayoshi, H. Tajiri, K. Matsuda, M. Kaise, M. Ikegami, H. Sasaki
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Background and Study Aims: The narrow band imaging (NBI) system consists of a sequential electronic endoscope system and a source of light equipped with new narrow band filters, yielding very clear images of microvessels on mucosal surfaces. The aim of this prospective study was to measure the correlation between the magnified images obtained with the NBI system and the histological findings, especially with regard to the vascular pattern. In addition, three-dimensional images of microvessels were reconstructed using a laser scanning microscope. Patients and Methods: Between July 2001 and August 2003, 165 patients with depressed-type early gastric cancer lesions were enrolled in the study. The lesions were carefully observed with magnification using the NBI system. The images, the pathological characteristics of the lesions, and three-dimensionally reconstructed images of the microvascular networks in biopsied specimens were carefully analyzed. The microvascular patterns were classified into three groups: A, fine network; B, corkscrew; and C, unclassified pattern. The endoscopic images were compared with the histological findings. Results: Of the three types of filter available for use with the NBI system, microvascular formation was best enhanced in B mode images produced using short wavelengths, which focus on the superficial mucosal layer. Among 109 cases of differentiated adenocarcinoma, the group A microvascular pattern was observed in 72 cases (66.1 %). Among 56 cases of undifferentiated adenocarcinoma, the group B pattern was observed in 48 cases (85.7 %; P = 0.0011) The microvascular structure observed using the NBI system corresponded with the superficial mucosal layer in the three-dimensional images obtained using laser scanning microscopy and the resected specimens. Conclusions: Magnifying endoscopy performed in combination with the NBI system is not sufficient to replace conventional histology, but is capable of predicting the histological characteristics of gastric cancer lesions.
B Cells Produce CXCL13 in Lymphoid Neogenesis during Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. The New Kid on the Block?
Authors: Leticia Monin, Shabaana A. Khader
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

to be translated into sex-related susceptibility to wheeze phenotypes, with a predominance of persistent (allergic) wheeze in young male children (11).As children approach adolescence, sex-specific influences may be further transformed into biomarkers of higher allostatic load and allergic asthma in boys (12).In our continued search for evidence on the fetal programming effects of stress on infant wheeze and atopic disease development, it is important to recognize that the postnatal period is also a critical window for the programming of future health.It is during infancy that the immune system develops in response to training from microbes of the infant gut, a biologic system that is also established during infancy (13).Intriguing evidence from animal studies indicates that stressful events during infancy have the capacity to modify the establishment of the human gut microbiome.Even more intriguing are new findings from Gonzalez and colleagues that point to the importance of maternal early-life adversity and subsequent cortisol abnormalities during the postpartum period in contributing to poor motherinfant interactions and infant stress (14).Fetal programming, which was initially focused on nutrition as a pathway for future disease, has since expanded to include psychobiological hypotheses on fetal and infant exposure to stress.Studies like those by Wright and colleagues are invaluable in providing evidence for these hypotheses in relation to wheeze phenotypes.However, knowing the context of maternal stress is essential to successful strategies for the primary prevention of wheeze in children.
The effects of tolbutamide on the myocardium in experimental diabetes.
Authors: C F Wu, B Haider, S S Ahmed, H A Oldewurtel, M M Lyons, T J Regan
Journal: Circulation (1977)

The effects of chronic tolbutamide treatment were examined in a diabetic animal model in which abnormal myocardial function and composition have previously been demonstrated. Eight diabetic dogs were given tolbutamide 250 mg/day orally and compared with seven untreated diabetics, five healthy dogs receiving tolbutamide, and eight normal controls. After one year, resting hemodynamic studies in the intact anesthetized state showed that treated diabetic dogs had a significantly higher left ventricular end-diastolic pressure of 12.1+/-1.3 mm Hg associated with normal end-diastolic volume, compared to 6.1+/-0.8 mm Hg in untreated diabetics (P less than 0.01) and 6.3+/-0.5 in normals. Stroke work and ejection fraction were similar to normals. Acute volume expansion revealed a larger rise of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure in treated and untreated diabetics than normals, without a significant stroke volume response in treated diabetics. Enhanced stiffness of myocardium appeared to be related to interstitial accumulation of periodic acid-Schiff staining material, further intensified in treated diabetics by triglyceride accumulation observed on electron microscopy and by chemical analysis. Thus treatment of diabetes with tolbutamide, despite improved glucose tolerance, effected further reduction of left ventricular function and altered morphology of myocardium.
Evaluation of the catheter positioning for neurally adjusted ventilatory assist
Authors: Jürgen Barwing, Markus Ambold, Nadine Linden, Michael Quintel, Onnen Moerer
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2009)

During neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) the ventilator is driven by the patients electrical activation of the diaphragm (EAdi), detected by a special esophageal catheter. A reliable positioning of the EAdi-catheter is mandatory to trace a representative EAdi signal. We aimed to determine whether a formula that is based on the measurement from nose to ear lobe to xiphoid process of the sternum (NEX distance) modified for EAdi-catheter placement (NEX(mod)) is sufficient for predicting the accurate catheter position.Twenty-six patients were enrolled in this study. The optimal EAdi-catheter position (OPT) was defined by: (1) stable EAdi signal, (2) electrical activity highlighted in central leads of the catheter positioning tool, and (3) absence of p-wave in distal lead. Afterwards NEX(mod) was calculated and compared to the OPT finding.At NEX(mod) the EAdi signal was suitable for running NAVA in 18 out of 25 patients (72%). NEX(mod) was identical with OPT in four patients (16%). NAVA was possible in all patients at OPT. Median OPT position was 2 cm caudal of the NEX(mod) ranging from 3 cm too cranial to a position 12 cm too caudal (P < 0.01). In one patient excluded from further analysis EAdi-catheter placement led to the diagnosis of bilateral injury of the phrenic nerves.EAdi-catheter placement based on the NEX(mod) formula allows running NAVA in about two-thirds of all patients. The additional tools provided are efficient and facilitate the correct positioning of the EAdi-catheter for neurally adjusted ventilatory assist.
Gonorrhoea: Epidemiology and Pathogenesis
Authors: W. A. Ketterer
Journal: JAMA (1978)

This small, well-organized book embraces a compendium of papers presented at a symposium on gonorrhea, conducted by the Society for General Microbiology and the Society for Applied Bacteriology. Thirty writers contribute 16 articles on gonorrhea, encompassing epidemiology, diagnostic techniques, pathogenesis, immunology, and therapy. The opening pages discuss epidemiology and seem too brief and cursory. The rest of the book adequately covers some important topics in gonorrhea research: cultural methods for identification of<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>, serological methods, typing, the method of gonococcal attachment to mucosal surfaces, in vivo and in vitro properties of gonococci, the gonococcal infectious process, drug resistance, and immunization experiments utilizing man, chimpanzees, guinea-pigs, and rabbits. The reader will realize the importance of the research now under way. Gonorrhea continues to resist control with today's tools. Successful results with research described in this text could provide the additional tools required to eliminate this stubborn disease. First, refinements in
Cosmetic Dermatologic Surgical Training in US Dermatology Residency Programs
Authors: Bruce Bauer, Erin Williams, Erik J. Stratman
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

The public and other medical specialties expect dermatologists who offer cosmetic dermatology services to provide competent care. There are numerous barriers to achieving cosmetic dermatology competency during residency. Many dermatology residents enter the workforce planning to provide cosmetic services. If a training gap exists, this may adversely affect patient safety.To identify resources available for hands-on cosmetic dermatology training in US dermatology residency training programs and to assess program director (PD) attitudes toward cosmetic dermatology training during residency and strategies, including discounted pricing, used by training programs to overcome barriers related to resident-performed cosmetic dermatology procedures.An online survey in academic dermatology practices among PDs of US dermatology residency programs.Frequency of cosmetic dermatology devices and injectables used for dermatology resident hands-on cosmetic dermatology training, categorizing PD attitudes toward cosmetic dermatology training during residency and describing residency-related discounted pricing models.Responses from PDs were received from 53 of 114 (46%) US dermatology residency programs. All but 3 programs (94%) offered hands-on cosmetic dermatology training using botulinum toxin, and 47 of 53 (89%) provided training with hyaluronic acid fillers. Pulsed dye lasers represented the most common laser use experienced by residents (41 of 52 [79%]), followed by Q-switched Nd:YAG (30 of 52 [58%]). Discounted procedures were offered by 32 of 53 (60%) programs, with botulinum toxin (30 of 32 [94%]) and fillers (27 of 32 [84%]) most prevalent and with vascular lasers (17 of 32 [53%]) and hair removal lasers (12 of 32 [38%]) less common. Various discounting methods were used. Only 20 of 53 (38%) PDs believed that cosmetic dermatology should be a necessary aspect of residency training; 14 of 52 (27%) PDs thought that residents should not be required to perform any cosmetic dermatology procedures.Although almost every program provides hands-on cosmetic dermatology training, there are barriers to training, including patient preferences, costs of procedures and products, and PD attitudes toward cosmetic dermatology training. To promote patient safety, procedural competency is imperative.
Abstract 3569: Photodynamic activity of the glucoconjugated silicon(IV) phthalocyanine SiPcGlu
Authors: Wing-Ping FONG, Wai-San Cheang, Pui-Chi Lo, Dennis K.P. Ng
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Photodynamic therapy involves the use of a non-toxic photosensitizer which exhibits killing effect upon activation by light. It has been used successfully in treating age-related macular degeneration, actinic keratosis and various cancers like lung, bladder and esophageal cancers. The success of photodynamic therapy depends on the properties of the photosensitizer and there is a continuous search for better photosensitizers with desirable photophysical and biochemical effects. In the last few years, we have synthesized a series of silicon(IV) phthalocyanines with different axial substituents and demonstrated their photocytotoxic effects in the in vitro heptocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Among them the glucoconjugated silicon(IV) phthalocyanine SiPcGlu is most promising with IC50 value down to nanomolar range in the cell culture system. In the present investigation, the in vivo effect of SiPcGlu was studied in the HepG2 tumor-bearing nude mice model. The biodistribution of SiPcGlu was followed to evaluate its tumor-selectivity and the tumor volume was measured after photodynamic therapy. The level of intrinsic toxicity induced was also investigated by examining the level of plasma enzyme markers. The distribution and clearance results showed that the concentration of SiPcGlu in the tumor was relatively higher at 24 hr post-injection when compared with all the other tissues examined. One percent of initial dose per gram tissue could be found in the tumor while the corresponding values for the other tissues ranged from 0.8% (lung) to 2.5% (skin). Thus, a drug-light interval of 24 hr was selected in the photodynamic therapy experiment. A laser light dose of 30 J/cm2 (bandwidth 675 ± 3 nm) was spotted onto the tumor 24 hr after intravenous injection of the drug (one μmol per kg body weight). Significant tumor regression was observed for the experimental group of mice. Fifteen days after photodynamic treatment, the volume of the tumor was less than 20% of the initial volume while mice in the two control groups, viz. dark control in which the mice received drug but no irradiation and the light control group in which the mice received irradiation but no drug, did not show any tumor regression. The photodynamic treatment did not cause any apparent toxicity to the animals as the plasma levels of the three enzyme markers, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and creatine kinase, were similar in all the three groups of mice. To conclude, the present results suggest that SiPcGlu is a good candidate for further evaluation on its anti-tumor potential. (This project is supported by a grant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Project No. CUHK 4569/05M.) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3569.
Plasmapheresis: a rational treatment for fulminant acute pancreatitis?
Authors: M. Larvin, M. R. Lansdown, M. J. McMahon, A. G. Chalmers, J. H. Turney, A. M. Brownjohn
Journal: BMJ (1988)

This study estimates an econometric Ricardian model of the effects of climate on forestry using a novel national dataset of county-level net economic returns to forestland. Results show that climate change projections to 2050 will increase forest net returns on the middle latitudes of eastern U.S. timberland. We quantify the value of extensive margin adaptation to climate change by separately estimating climate’s impact on 11 distinct forest types. We find that approximately 69% of the positive climate change impact on eastern U.S. forestry arises from the value of extensive margin adaptation. Climate change impacts in the western U.S. are inconclusive.
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Secondary to 17-Hydroxylase Deficiency
Authors: SANFORD R. MALLIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Two sisters with deficient 17-hydroxylase activity are described. The enzyme, 17-hydroxylase, is necessary for both Cortisol and estrogen synthesis. Deficiency of these hormones results in increased adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Synthesis of deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and corticosterone (B) does not require 17-hydroxylation and is increased with resultant hypertension. Estrogen lack results in primary amenorrhea and absent sexual maturation. Ovarian enlargement and infarction from twisting also occur. Suppressive therapy with dexamethasone and estrogens has lowered the blood pressure and produced feminization.
HIGHLY SENSITIVE CARDIAC TROPONIN-T IS AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF LONG-TERM ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY IN OUTPATIENTS WITH CHRONIC SYSTOLIC HEART FAILURE
Authors: Michael Egstrup, Morten Schou, Ida Gustafsson, Jens Faber, Christian Tuxen, Per R. Hildebrandt, Finn Gustafsson, Jens-Peter Goetze, Caroline Kistorp
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
North Texas Medical Association.
Authors: J. T. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Sherman, Texas, July 10, 1894. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Having just received the last number of the Journal ofthe American Medical Association, I notice in it an account of the meeting of the North Texas Medical Association which was held in this city on June 19. 20,21, which notice does the Association an injustice as the program which I enclose will prove. All the papers therein contained were read except those marked out, and a number of cases reported not on the program, all of which were discussed. There were in fact more than one hundred members present, instead of seventy-five as stated. This Association meets semi-annually. The next meeting will be held at Gainesville the second Tuesday in December. Yours very truly,
Hypoxia-inducible factor 2α regulates macrophage function in mouse models of acute and tumor inflammation
Authors: Hongxia Z. Imtiyaz, Emily P. Williams, Michele M. Hickey, Shetal A. Patel, Amy C. Durham, Li-Jun Yuan, Rachel Hammond, Phyllis A. Gimotty, Brian Keith, M. Celeste Simon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and HIF-2α display unique and sometimes opposing activities in regulating cellular energy homeostasis, cell fate decisions, and oncogenesis. Macrophages exposed to hypoxia accumulate both HIF-1α and HIF-2α, and overexpression of HIF-2α in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) is specifically correlated with high-grade human tumors and poor prognosis. However, the precise role of HIF-2α during macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses remains unclear. To fully characterize cellular hypoxic adaptations, distinct functions of HIF-1α versus HIF-2α must be elucidated. We demonstrate here that mice lacking HIF-2α in myeloid cells (Hif2aΔ/Δ mice) are resistant to lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia and display a marked inability to mount inflammatory responses to cutaneous and peritoneal irritants. Furthermore, HIF-2α directly regulated proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine expression in macrophages activated in vitro. Hif2aΔ/Δ mice displayed reduced TAM infiltration in independent murine hepatocellular and colitis-associated colon carcinoma models, and this was associated with reduced tumor cell proliferation and progression. Notably, HIF-2α modulated macrophage migration by regulating the expression of the cytokine receptor M-CSFR and the chemokine receptor CXCR4, without altering intracellular ATP levels. Collectively, our data identify HIF-2α as an important regulator of innate immunity, suggesting it may be a useful therapeutic target for treating inflammatory disorders and cancer.