tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NICE recommends kidney cancer drug it previously rejected on cost grounds
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) is recommending the use of sunitinib as a first line treatment for advanced kidney cancer, in draft guidance issued this week. The guidance comes after NICE applied new arrangements for assessing the cost effectiveness of drugs for people who are terminally ill, overturning its previous ruling that the drug did not offer the NHS value for money.

The latest draft guidance recommends sunitinib, an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor, as a first line treatment option in advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma in patients who are suitable for immunotherapy and who are fit enough.

However, the guidance does not recommend the use of three other drugs—bevacizumab, sorafenib, and temsirolimus—for first line treatment for these patients. Furthermore, the two drugs that are also licensed for second line treatment, sorafenib and sunitinib, are not recommended by NICE for second line treatment.

The previous draft of the guidance acknowledged that sunitinib was a clinically effective treatment but considered that it did not offer a cost …
p53 Protein overexpression in cholangiocarcinoma arising in primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Authors: P M Rizzi, S D Ryder, B Portmann, J K Ramage, N V Naoumov, R Williams
Journal: Gut (1996)

The protein encoded by the p53 tumour suppressor gene plays an important part in the regulation of cell growth. Abnormalities of this gene represent one of the most common genetic changes in the development of human cancers. This study investigated the expression of p53 protein in cholangiocarcinoma arising in association with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Of the 14 patients with cholangiocarcinoma studied, 13 had underlying PSC. The expression of p53 protein was detected immunohistochemically in paraffin wax embedded liver specimens, after microwave pretreatment. The expression of p53 protein was shown in the cholangiocarcinoma tissue of 11 of 14 (78.5%) patients. In five of 10 patients, the accumulation of p53 protein highlighted the presence of neoplastic cells in biliary tissue separate from the main tumour. These cells were mainly located in the septal bile ducts or in the accessory glands, or both, but occasionally also in large portal areas at the periphery of nerves and lymphatics, and in one case in the mucosa of an extrahepatic bile duct. No p53 protein was detectable in liver tissue obtained at the time of transplantation in 15 patients with PSC but not cholangiocarcinoma. These results show that cholangiocarcinoma development in PSC is commonly associated with abnormalities of p53 and that these occur at a late stage in the development of the malignant process. Staining for p53 protein could represent an additional criterion for the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma development in patients with PSC.
A GTPase-activating protein binds STAT3 and is required for IL-6–induced STAT3 activation and for differentiation of a leukemic cell line
Authors: Yukio Tonozuka, Yukinori Minoshima, Ying Chun Bao, Yuseok Moon, Yohei Tsubono, Tomonori Hatori, Hideaki Nakajima, Tetsuya Nosaka, Toshiyuki Kawashima, Toshio Kitamura
Journal: Blood (2004)
Induction of specific immune unresponsiveness using purified mixed leukocyte culture-activated T lymphoblasts as autoimmunogen. I. Demonstration of general validity as to species and histocompatibility barriers.
Authors: L C Andersson, M Aguet, E Wight, R Andersson, H Binz, H Wigzell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

Normal immunocompetent T lymphocytes can be induced into specific proliferation if confronted with the relevant alloantigen in vitro. Such mixed leuko-cyteculture-activated T lymphoblasts carring idiotypic receptors on their surface can be purified using velocity sedimentation and serve as immunogen if administered in adjuvant to the autologous host. Autoblast immunization can be shown to lead to specific, long-lasting unresponsiveness against the relevant alloantigens, while leaving reactivity against third-party antigens intact. When tested as to general validity, it could be shown to function in all species analyzed (mouse, rat, and guinea pig) as well as across both major and minor histocompatibility barriers. No negative side effects have been noted so far. It would thus seem clear that autoblast immunization using the above described scheme may serve as a general tool in inducing long-lasting, specific unresponsiveness in any species and across any histocompatibility barrier.
The First American Medical School Was in Mexico
Authors: J. F. McClendon
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> AMA News, Jan 25, 1965, says: "American medical education was born in 1765, with the founding of the School of Medicine of the University of Philadelphia in Philadelphia." Your attention is invited to the fact that American medical education was born in 1580, with the founding of the "Antigua Facultad de Medicina" of the University of Mexico in Mexico City. Doctor don Juan de la Fuente was Catedratico (Professor) de Prima de Medicina de la Real Universidad de Mexico, 1580-1595, but native medicine was considered heresy and the great libraries of the Aztecs and Mayans were burned unread. I consider the first recorded event in Mexican medicine the Badianus Manuscript in the Barberini Collection in the Vatican Library, compiled by Martin de la Cruz and Juannes Badianus in 1552.
Proposed New Designation.
Authors: C. M. Fenn
Journal: JAMA (1898)

San Diego, Cal., Aug. 3, 1898. <h3>To the Editor;</h3> —With the advent of a new century the time is propitious for dropping such meaningless appellations as "Old School," "Regular," "Allopath," etc. Why not, henceforth adopt the eminently distinctive and appropriate title, "New School of Scientific Medicine," suggested by Surgeon-General Sternberg in his recent address at Denver? Faithfully yours,
<i>Para Niños Saludables</i> : A Community Intervention Trial to Reduce Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure in Children of Farmworkers
Authors: Beti Thompson, Gloria D. Coronado, Eric M. Vigoren, William C. Griffith, Richard A. Fenske, John C. Kissel, Jeffry H. Shirai, Elaine M. Faustman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides is an occupational hazard for farmworkers and affects their children through the take-home pathway.We examined the effectiveness of a randomized community intervention to reduce pesticide exposure among farmworkers and their children.We conducted a baseline survey of a cross-sectional sample of farmworkers (year 1) in 24 participating communities. Communities were randomized to intervention or control. After 2 years of intervention, a new cross-sectional survey of farmworkers was conducted (year 4). Farmworkers with a child 2-6 years of age were asked to participate in a substudy in which urine was collected from the farmworker and child, and dust was collected from the home and the vehicle driven to work.The median concentration of urinary metabolites was higher in year 4 than in year 1 for dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP) and dimethyldithiophosphate in adults and for DMTP for children. There were significant increases within both the intervention and control communities between year 1 and year 4 (p < 0.005); however, the differences were not significant between study communities after adjusting for year (p = 0.21). The dust residue data showed azinphos-methyl having the highest percentage of detects in vehicles (86% and 84% in years 1 and 4, respectively) and in house dust (85% and 83% in years 1 and 4, respectively). There were no significant differences between intervention and control communities after adjusting for year (p = 0.49).We found no significant decreases in urinary pesticide metabolite concentrations or in pesticide residue concentrations in house and vehicle dust from intervention community households compared with control community households after adjusting for baseline. These negative findings may have implications for future community-wide interventions.
Applications of a versatile technique for trace analysis: atmospheric pressure negative chemical ionization.
Authors: B A Thomson, W R Davidson, A M Lovett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1980)

The ability to use ambient air as a carrier and reagent gas in an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization source allows instantaneous air analysis to be combined with hypersensitivity toward a wide variety of compounds. The TAGA (Trace Atmospheric Gas Analyser) is an instrument which is designed to use both positive and negative atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) for trace gas analysis; this paper describes several applications of negative APCI which demonstrates that the technique is not limited to environmental monitoring. Examples are described which suggest that the TAGA can be used for the detection of illicit drugs and explosives, and for the analysis of breath or skin emissions, as well as for air pollution measurements. The applications are not restricted by the use of ambient air as a reagent gas; addition to the air carrier of various gases allows specific reagent ions such as Cl- or Br- to be generated. Furthermore, in certain situations pure gas carriers can be used to provide even more flexibility in the ion chemistry, with a short term absorber-desorber system used to transfer the sample from the ambient air into the ion source region. The potential uses for APCI are expanding continuously as the understanding of the complex ion-molecule chemistry grows. This paper underlines the complementary relation between the development of new negative chemical ionization (NCI) techniques and practical applications using the TAGA system.
Fish Consumption and Advisory Awareness in the Great Lakes Basin
Authors: Pamela Imm, Lynda Knobeloch, Henry A. Anderson, the Great Lakes Sport Fish Consortium
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

More than 61 million adults live in the eight U.S. states bordering the Great Lakes. Between June 2001 and June 2002, a population-based, random-digit-dial telephone survey of adults residing in Great Lakes (GL) states was conducted to assess consumption of commercial and sport-caught fish and awareness of state-issued consumption advisories for GL fish. On the basis of the weighted survey data, approximately 84% of the adults living in these states included fish in their diets. Seven percent (an estimated 4.2 million adults) consumed fish caught from the Great Lakes. The percentage of residents who had consumed sport-caught fish (from any water source) varied regionally and was highest among those who lived in Minnesota (44%) and Wisconsin (39%). Consumption of GL sport fish was highest among residents of Michigan (16%) and Ohio (12%). Among residents who had eaten GL fish, awareness of consumption advisories varied by gender and race and was lowest among women (30%) and black residents (15%). However, 70% of those who consumed GL sport-caught fish twice a month or more (an estimated 509,000 adults across all eight states) were aware of the advisories. Findings from this survey indicate that exposure to persistent contaminants found in GL fish is likely limited to a relatively small subpopulation of avid sport-fish consumers. Results also underscore the public health importance of advisories for commercial fish because an estimated 2.9 million adults living in these states consume more than 104 fish meals per year and may be at risk of exceeding the reference doses for methylmercury, polychlorinated biphenyls, and other bioaccumulative contaminants.
169 Hepatic canalicular damage induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat is prevented by tauroursodeoxycholic acid administration through a PKC dependent mechanism
Authors: L. Baiocchi, M.A. Russo, G. Tisone, C. Telesca, S. Furfaro, C. Almerighi, A. Cardillo, M. Carbone, C. Longhi, M. Angelico
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
CONGENITAL ECTODERMAL DEFECT*
Authors: HUGH MACKAY, A. M. DAVIDSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1929)

Journal Article CONGENITAL ECTODERMAL DEFECT Get access HUGH MACKAY, M.D. Manitoba, F.A.C:P., HUGH MACKAY, M.D. Manitoba, F.A.C:P. Department of Dermatology, Winnipeg General Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. M. DAVIDSON, M.B., Ch.B.Edin., M.D. Manitoba A. M. DAVIDSON, M.B., Ch.B.Edin., M.D. Manitoba Department of Dermatology, Winnipeg General Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 41, Issue 1, 1 January 1929, Pages 1–5, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1929.tb09278.x Published: 01 January 1929
Electric Burns
Authors: Robert R. Baldridge
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

COMPREHENSIVE studies and reviews concerning electric shock and burns have been presented by Pearl,1 Lewis2 and others. Their comments and bibliographies have provided the basis for the following discussion.Burns from electricity are of two general types — "arc" and "contact." In the former the injury is usually extremely severe since the victim's tissues are heated by a current of 2500 to 3000°C. Tissues, including bone, are melted and volatilized. Contact injuries follow actual contact with a "live" electric conductor and imply passage of the current through all or part of the victim's body, from point of contact to point . . .
Age is an important predictor of clinical outcomes following intracoronary radiation therapy for in-stent restenosis
Authors: Andrew E. Alani, Edouard Cheneau, R.Larry White, Bill G. Bass, Augusto D. Pichard, Lowell F. Satier, Kenneth M. Kent, Melanie Oringer, Charles Duncan, Ellen Pinnow, Joseph Lindsay, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Evaluation of Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio, Tp-E Interval and Tp-E/QT Ratio in Subjects with Hypertension and Prehypertension
Authors: Gurkan Acar, Mehmet Akgungor, Idris Ardic, Imran Dirnak, Murat Akkoyun, Soner Olmez, Mustafa Saygın Deniz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Clinical Medicine for the Occupational Physician
Authors: Victor E. Archer
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The title of this book is somewhat misleading, as less than half of it is devoted to clinical topics. The other topics, however, such as ethics, epidemiology, and health of travelers are all pertinent. It is not a comprehensive text on occupational medicine, as many pertinent clinical and nonclinical topics are not discussed, eg, toxicology, industrial hygiene, exposure standards, ergonomics, role of the occupational health nurse, identification of occupational causes of disease, bladder carcinoma, ionizing radiation, shiftwork, and many harmful agents found in the workplace.  The chapters on epidemiology, the health of working women, cancer, dermatoses, stress, and mental illness are good summaries that relate well to occupational problems. Most of the other clinical topics are limited to six organ systems: pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, nervous, and ear, nose, throat. These are good general reviews of the topics, but the occupational components are small. For example, noise and its effect
Mucormycotic Granuloma Possibly Due to Basidiobolus ranarum
Authors: W. St. C. Symmers
Journal: BMJ (1960)

MEDICAL JOURNALand anorexia; calcium deposits or band keratitis may be seen in the eye; isosthenuria, albuminuria, and renal failure are the inevitable outcome, irrespective of the cause.This clinical syndrome occurs in hyperparathyroidism (Mellgren, 1943; Albright and Reifenstein, 1948).Bradlow and Segel (1956) collected seven cases with acute onset, of which only their patient survived; it was their paper which led us to the exploration of the
Stimulation of Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus viremia during hematopoietic stem cell mobilization with filgrastim
Authors: James M. Neid, Robert T. Schooley, Thomas B. Campbell
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract The effects of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilization on Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV) were evaluated in three KSHV and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 co‐infected subjects. KSHV DNA was not detected in purified CD34 + cell preparations from the period of filgrastim treatment. However, two of 3 subjects had transiently increased cell‐free plasma KSHV DNA during filgrastim treatment. Peak plasma KSHV DNA (2,600 and 4,300 copies/mL) occurred on day 4 and declined to below the limit of detection by day 7. These findings suggest that, although CD34 + cell preparations do not have evidence of KSHV infection, HSC mobilization may stimulate KSHV replication in other cellular compartments that contribute to KSHV viremia. Am. J. Hematol. 77:410–412, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hospital admissions for accidents in preschool children.
Authors: K S Sidhu
Journal: BMJ (1991)

SIR, -Dr A H Choudhri and colleagues unfor- tunately give no details of the radiographic projections used to image the renal arteries.'It would seem likely that the renal arteries were imaged only in a single anteroposterior projection.Anatomically the renal arteries arise from the anterior quadrants of the aorta, with the right renal artery usually arising more anteriorly than the left.2A single conventional anteroposterior projection done in conjunction with an aortic flush will provide inadequate visualisation of the origins of the renal artery, particularly on the right.The recommended projection is the 250 right posterior oblique, which throws both renal arteries, and particularly their origins, into profile.3It has been our experience of renal artery imaging using digital subtraction angiography that without the use of this oblique projection stenoses may be missed, resulting in the under- reporting of proximal lesions.
Withholding or Withdrawing Treatment-Reply
Authors: Nancy W. Dickey
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In Reply.—  The Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs (formerly the Judicial Council) provides opinions on various ethical issues in an effort to provide guidance to the medical profession and to the public. Reflecting its long-standing concern with providing guidance on the ethical issues surrounding the care of the dying patient, the Council recently issued the following opinion, which clarifies the Council's previously published opinion on terminal illness.  Withholding or Withdrawing Life-Prolonging Medical Treatment  The social commitment of the physician is to sustain life and relieve suffering. Where the performance of one duty conflicts with the other, the choice of the patient, or his family or legal representative if the patient is incompetent to act in his own behalf, should prevail. In the absence of the patient's choice or an authorized proxy, the physician must act in the best interest of the patient.  For humane reasons, with informed consent, a
Delayed hypersensitivity to one low-molecular-weight heparin with tolerance of other low-molecular-weight heparins
Authors: A.J BIRCHER, P.H ITIN, D.A TSAKIRIS, C. SURBER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

We report a patient who developed infiltrated plaques at the sites of subcutaneous injection of a low‐molecular‐weight heparin. Skin tests and a lymphocyte transformation test revealed hypersensitivity to sandoparin and heparin sodium. The low‐molecular‐weight heparins nadroparin and dalteparin were subsequently tolerated without adverse effects. Possible risk factors for sensitization are discussed.
Statistical Inference on Genetic Data Reveals the Complex Demographic History of Human Populations in Central Asia
Authors: Friso P. Palstra, Evelyne Heyer, Frédéric Austerlitz
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

The demographic history of modern humans constitutes a combination of expansions, colonizations, contractions, and remigrations. The advent of large scale genetic data combined with statistically refined methods facilitates inference of this complex history. Here we study the demographic history of two genetically admixed ethnic groups in Central Asia, an area characterized by high levels of genetic diversity and a history of recurrent immigration. Using Approximate Bayesian Computation, we infer that the timing of admixture markedly differs between the two groups. Admixture in the traditionally agricultural Tajiks could be dated back to the onset of the Neolithic transition in the region, whereas admixture in Kyrgyz is more recent, and may have involved the westward movement of Turkic peoples. These results are confirmed by a coalescent method that fits an isolation-with-migration model to the genetic data, with both Central Asian groups having received gene flow from the extremities of Eurasia. Interestingly, our analyses also uncover signatures of gene flow from Eastern to Western Eurasia during Paleolithic times. In conclusion, the high genetic diversity currently observed in these two Central Asian peoples most likely reflects the effects of recurrent immigration that likely started before historical times. Conversely, conquests during historical times may have had a relatively limited genetic impact. These results emphasize the need for a better understanding of the genetic consequences of transmission of culture and technological innovations, as well as those of invasions and conquests.