tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
New Names for Old Drugs
Authors: Joseph B. Jerome
Journal: JAMA (1975)

The Drug Amendments of 1962 directed that each drug should have only one established nonproprietary name. The Amendments further authorized the organizations concerned to select drug names that combine, to the degree possible, usefulness and simplicity. This included existing names, as well as new names. The United States Adopted Names Council, the United States Pharmacopeia, and the National Formulary have tried to be responsive to the directives of the law. Accordingly, since 1962 the official compendia have selected newer designations to replace some older, less desirable names. When the new editions of these compendia become official on July 1, 1975, the following revisions of older nonproprietary names will go into effect: These changes also apply to the simple derivatives of the parent substance. In accordance with the above,The Journalwill henceforth use the new official designations for these drugs.
Controlled Studies in Clinical Cancer Research
Authors: Thomas C. Chalmers, Jerome B. Block, Stephanie Lee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Abstract A review of abstracts and papers reporting clinical trials of new anticancer agents reveals that only a small percentage have been controlled. Arguments against employing randomized controls in such trials are understandable but hardly valid at the present stage in cancer research. Randomization of drugs tested or dosage regimens at the earliest stages of clinical use is needed to evaluate relative therapeutic efficacy and toxicity. Potent ethical arguments also require that when a new drug is tried, patients should be given a 50–50 chance of receiving the conceivably better standard therapy. An important and subtle consideration, that of how long to continue a controlled trial, requires continued development of the study-design process and new uses of peer review.
THE BENEFICENT EFFECT OF HEART BLOCK IN CERTAIN CASES OF CARDIAC DISEASE: ADDITIONAL REPORT
Authors: Louis Faugeres Bishop
Journal: JAMA (1926)

In 1922 I<sup>1</sup>published an account of an old man who had survived fibrillation of the auricle for a number of years without digitalis. This happened on account of the presence of heart block. With this report I published two electrocardiograms taken after an interval of three years. Much to my surprise, the patient came to my office recently and reported that he had gone on very much the same, and now at the age of 77 is still able to attend to his business as president of a savings bank. His heart action at the present time is shown by the accompanying electrocardiogram, which is almost precisely like the one taken in 1919. By a strange coincidence, the same morning a woman, aged 46, was seen who illustrates in another type of person the beneficence of heart block in fibrillation. This patient is an example of mitral stenosis with
Recurrence of Congenital Heart Defects in Families
Authors: Nina Øyen, Gry Poulsen, Heather A. Boyd, Jan Wohlfahrt, Peter K.A. Jensen, Mads Melbye
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Knowledge of the familial contribution to congenital heart diseases (CHD) on an individual and population level is sparse. We estimated an individual’s risk of CHD given a family history of CHD, as well as the contribution of CHD family history to the total number of CHD cases in the population. Methods and Results— In a national cohort study, we linked all Danish residents to the National Patient Register, the Causes of Death Register, the Danish Central Cytogenetic Register, and the Danish Family Relations Database, yielding 1 763 591 persons born in Denmark between 1977 and 2005, of whom 18 708 had CHD. Individuals with CHD were classified by phenotype. We estimated recurrence risk ratios and population-attributable risk. Among first-degree relatives, the recurrence risk ratio was 79.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 32.9 to 190) for heterotaxia, 11.7 (95% CI, 8.0 to 17.0) for conotruncal defects, 24.3 (95% CI,12.2 to 48.7) for atrioventricular septal defect, 12.9 (95% CI, 7.48 to 22.2) for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, 48.6 (95% CI, 27.5 to 85.6) for right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, 7.1 (95% CI, 4.5 to 11.1) for isolated atrial septal defect, and 3.4 (95% CI, 2.2 to 5.3) for isolated ventricular septal defect. The overall recurrence risk ratio for the same defect was 8.15 (95% CI, 6.95 to 9.55), whereas it was 2.68 (95% CI, 2.43 to 2.97) for different heart defects. Only 2.2% of heart defect cases in the population (4.2% after the exclusion of chromosomal aberrations) were attributed to CHD family history in first-degree relatives. Conclusions— Specific CHDs showed highly variable but strong familial clustering in first-degree relatives, ranging from 3-fold to 80-fold compared with the population prevalence, whereas the crossover risks between dissimilar cases of CHD were weaker. Family history of any CHD among first-degree relatives accounted for a small proportion of CHD cases in the population.
Paronychia: A sign heralding an exacerbation of pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: Chie Akiyama, Keishu Sou, Tsutomu Furuya, Atsushi Saitoh, Nami Yasaka, Naoto Ohtake, Yasuo Kubota, Shinji Shimada, Kunihiko Tamaki
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1993)
Immunological and clinical follow up of hepatitis C virus associated cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis
Authors: P Lamprecht
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

To study immunological markers and compare these markers with standard measures for the clinical and immunological follow up of vasculitis activity in hepatitis C virus (HCV) associated cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis (CV).Serial serum samples from eight patients with newly diagnosed HCV associated CV were followed during interferon alpha treatment induced remission of the CV. Vasculitis activity and disease extent were evaluated with the Birmingham vasculitis activity score (BVAS) and disease extent index (DEI). Cryoglobulinaemia, complement levels (C3c, C4, and CH50), rheumatoid factor (RF), autoantibodies such as antinuclear antibodies, soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL2r), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and soluble CD30 (sCD30) were determined.All patients achieved either complete or partial remission of their CV during interferon alpha treatment. There was a significant reduction in vasculitis activity and disease extent (BVAS, DEI), cryoglobulinaemia, RF, sIL2r, sICAM-1, and sCD30. Complement C3c levels increased significantly during this period. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and levels of complement C4 and CH50 did not change significantly. Both clinical measures (BVAS and DEI) correlated significantly only with C3c and sCD30.Although this study was of only a small group of patients, it shows that BVAS and DEI as clinical measures and C3c and sCD30 as immunological markers may be useful in the follow up of disease activity of HCV associated CV. The data indicate that activity of the humoral (cryoglobulinaemia, RF, autoantibodies) and cellular (sIL2r, sICAM-1, sCD30) immune response and endothelial damage (sICAM-1) are found in HCV associated CV.
1081. Sustained Correction of Disease in Naïve and AAV2-Pretreated Hemophilia B Dogs Using Pseudotyped AAV Vectors
Authors: Lili Wang, Roberto Calcedo, Timothy C. Nichols, Inder M. Verma, James M. Wilson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
AAV7 and AAV8, new members of the AAV family isolated from non-human primate, are attractive candidates for hepatic gene transfer applications because of ten to hundred fold improved transduction efficiency in mouse liver models. Additionally, AAV7 and 8 has lesser frequency of pre-existing immunity in humans. These properties could solve some of the problems associated with AAV2 vectors. The benefits of AAV7 and 8 demonstrated in mouse models however have not been confirmed in larger animals. In this study, we evaluate the efficacy and safety of both AAV2/7 and 2/8 vectors in na|[iuml]|ve hemophilia B dogs, and also AAV2/8 in an AAV2-pretreated hemophilia B dog. Two na|[iuml]|ve hemophilia B dogs that received a single intraportal administration of 5.2x10e12 GC/kg of AAV2/8 vector have achieved sustained expression of 10% and 26% of normal levels of cFIX for over a year, while the na|[iuml]|ve dogs received AAV2/7 vectors at the same dose have generated 5% and 29% of normal levels of cFIX. In an AAV2-pretreated hemophilia B dog, cFIX expression increased from <1% to 16% of normal levels when treated with an AAV2/8 vector (9.28x10e12 GC/kg) and high level of expression has lasted for over two years. In all 5 treated dogs, clotting functions (WBCT and aPTT) have greatly improved and no bleeding episode has occurred since vector administration. No significant liver toxicity or cFIX-specific antibodies have been detected in AAV2/8-treated animals. However, one of the AAV2/7-treated dogs had elevated liver transaminase levels during the first 9 days after injection. Neutralizing antibody (NAB) response to AAV capsid was followed after vector injection. In the AAV2-preexposed dog, NAB to AAV2 was unexpected reactivated after AAV2/8 injection. These data provide the first safety and improved efficacy of AAV2/7 and 2/8 vector in large animal models for liver-directed gene therapy. Evaluation of AAV2/9 vector in hemophilia B dogs is currently under way and will be reported.
Hepatitis B Transmission by Dentists
Authors: Michael L. Levin, Willis C. Maddrey, Jack R. Wands, Albert I. Mendeloff
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Two dentists sharing office facilities developed hepatitis B antigen (HB Ag)-positive hepatitis. One was severely ill with hepatitis progressing to postnecrotic cirrhosis. During convalescence, he became a carrier of HB Ag. Twelve patients, treated by this dentist on his resumption of practice, developed HB Ag-positive hepatitis over a four-month interval. None of the hepatitis patients had had blood transfusions, contact with other jaundiced persons, or illicit drug use. This outbreak suggests inapparent parenteral modes of hepatitis transmission by dental personnel. (<i>JAMA</i>228:1139-1140, 1974)
Bone marrow necrosis with dyspnea in a patient with malignant lymphoma and plasma levels of thrombomodulin, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and D‐dimer
Authors: Yoshinobu Seki, Tadashi Koike, Masahiko Yano, Sadao Aoki, Motoko Hiratsuka, Ichiro Fuse, Yoshifusa Aizawa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract Non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (peripheral T cell, unspecified, clinical stage IIIEA) was diagnosed in a 54‐year‐old male. He was treated weekly with chemotherapy consisting of pirarubicin hydrochloride, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, vincristine sulfate, etoposide, and prednisolone. After 6 weeks of treatment in a state of partial remission, he exhibited sudden dyspnea, chest pain, fever, and drowsiness. The patient had received 100 μg/day of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) for 6 days before the onset. Laboratory data showed an elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, leukoerythroblastosis in the peripheral blood, and no decrease in the serum haptoglobin level. There were no findings of acute myocardial infarction or pulmonary thromboembolism. Bone marrow specimen showed the characteristic features of necrosis without any signs of the involvement of lymphoma cells. No indications of infections were found. This patient was diagnosed as having bone marrow necrosis (BMN) during the recovery phase of bone marrow with G‐CSF treatment after chemotherapy for malignant lymphoma. After conservative therapy, inhalation of oxygen and stopping the administration of G‐CSF, all clinical symptoms subsided except that the elevation of LDH continued for 1 month. The plasma level of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) was high just after the onset of BMN. The thrombomodulin (TM) level was high just before the onset of BMN and continued to be high for 2 weeks. Cross‐linked fibrin degradation products (D‐dimer) were also high just after the onset of BMN and continued to be high for 3 weeks after the onset. Although dyspnea is a rare symptom of BMN, it is important to rule out in BMN during the recovery phase of bone marrow with G‐CSF treatment after chemotherapy for malignant lymphoma. Activated neutrophils in the small vessels of the lung by G‐CSF and microthrombi, suggested by the elevation of D‐dimer, may participate in the onset of dyspnea, which is a rare symptom of the onset of BMN. Am. J. Hematol. 70:250–253, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ketosis and Metabolic Alkalosis in a Patient With Diabetes
Authors: Gary M. Roggin
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Diabetic ketosis with clinical signs of acidosis was observed in a patient with known diabetes and tuberculosis. Studies obtained on admission to the hospital led to the diagnosis of metabolic alkalosis. This condition was attributed to prolonged vomiting secondary to antituberculous treatment. Management of the alkalosis with large amounts of fluids containing potassium chloride, and correction of the diabetic hyperketonemia and hyperglycemia with insulin were effective. The determination of blood-gas levels in severely ketotic patients is essential for the detection of these combined metabolic disturbances and, indeed, may be lifesaving.
EFFECT OF MEAL CONSUMPTION ON RADIONUCLIDE VENTRICULOGRAPHY
Authors: E. J. Pacheco, A. J. MORENO, D. A. Prager, Turnbul l, D. E. Hokanson
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Pacheco, E. J.; MORENO, A. J. MD; Prager, D. A. MD, G.L.; l, Turnbul MD; Hokanson, D. E. Author Information
Post‐appendectomy thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Mandy D. Robertson, Marc Zumberg
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a syndrome characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia with varying degrees of renal dysfunction, neurologic signs and symptoms, and fever. Evidence has supported that a large proportion of cases of acquired TTP are due to the accumulation of ultralarge von Willebrand factor (vWF) multimers due to an acquired deficiency in the vWF cleaving protease, ADAMTS‐13. TTP is rare in the post‐surgical setting but is best described after cardiothoracic and vascular surgeries. We present a case of postoperative TTP first presenting with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia 9 days after emergent appendectomy for a ruptured appendix. ADAMTS‐13 and factor H levels returned normal and an ADAMTS‐13 inhibitor was not identified. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of postoperative TTP after an appendectomy and the first report with correlative ADAMTS‐13 data. Plasma exchange with fresh frozen plasma followed by cryopoor plasma, along with steroids resulted in eventual remission of TTP in our patient. Early postoperative diagnosis and aggressive management with consideration of initiation of plasma exchange is imperative to decrease the morbidity and morality associated with TTP. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spontaneous loss of early pregnancy and risk of ischaemic heart disease in later life: retrospective cohort study
Authors: G. C S Smith
Journal: BMJ (2003)

We recently showed that complications in late pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of maternal ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in later life.1 We hypothesised that this may reflect common determinants, such as thrombophilic genetic defects and anticardiolipin antibodies. Spontaneous losses of pregnancy are also associated with inherited and acquired thrombophilias in the mother.2 We examined whether spontaneous losses of early pregnancy are associated with maternal risk of IHD.
STBYCHNIN POISONING BY INHALATION.
Authors: MINERVA M. NEWBECKER
Journal: JAMA (1904)

<h3>History.</h3> —May 31, 1903, I received a hurried call to visit a man in the country who had been poisoned by strychnin. I found the patient wrapped in comforters, and propped up in an easy chair. He appeared to be well nourished, was 30 years old, and had never been sick a day in his life. He was very nervous and greatly prostrated. His heart was beating at about 88 per minute and very irregularly, and had a decided tremor. His tongue was coated and trembling, and somewhat moist; his eyes were suffused and the conjunctivas injected; the muscles about the mouth were retracted, showing his teeth and giving to his face the "risus sardonicus." <h3>Etiology.</h3> —I was given the following history: Two days previously he was preparing a mixture to poison rats. It consisted of some corn, mixed with strychnin powder, over which he poured hot
Generalized Shwartzman Reaction in Man After a Dog Bite
Authors: BURT R. MEYERS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

The first reported case of a generalized Shwartzman reaction complicating a dog bite occurred in a previously healthy 35-year-old man. Forty-eight hours after his left leg was bitten the patient developed fever, hypotension, symmetrical peripheral gangrene, anuria, and laboratory evidence of intravascular consumption of clotting factors. The patient died 1 month later, and postmortem examination showed pathologic changes representative of the human equivalent of a generalized Shwartzman reaction. The generalized Shwartzman reaction and the complications of dog bites are reviewed.
The "British System" of Heroin Maintenance
Authors: Norman S. Blackman
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor. —  The article by Dr. Edward Lewis, Jr., regarding a heroin maintenance program in the United States is an example of a somewhat emotional attempt at objective medical reporting.  After seven full days in England and conferences with those dealing with the problem in that country, Dr. Lewis has written an article replete with the author's value judgments and personal opinions, more appropriate for a persuasive speech than an objective scientific report.  The main thesis that the problem in Britain is different than in the United States can readily be surmised from the tables presented, but the author's conclusions that such a program would lead to anguish and frustration in this country seem to be based on his feelings—not his findings in London.  Nevertheless, if in England as Dr. Lewis states, the increase in the addiction rate has been a tiny fraction of what had been predicted;
Papillary Stenosis and Sclerosing Cholangitis in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: DAVID J. SCHNEIDERMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Eight homosexual men with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) presented with clinical, biochemical, and radiologic features of stenosis of the papilla of Vater and sclerosing cholangitis. This newly recognized complication of AIDS produces abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting and may predispose patients to superimposed bacterial cholangitis. Marked elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase levels and lesser changes in hepatic aminotransferase levels are common. Although abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography detect ductal abnormalities, endoscopic retrograde cholangiography best shows precise ductal irregularities and provides therapeutic intervention. Prompt relief of symptoms follows endoscopic sphincterotomy, often with resolution of biochemical evidence of cholestasis. Biliary tract infection with cytomegalovirus or Cryptosporidia and resultant viral or coccidial cholangitis are the proposed pathophysiologic mechanisms.
Seizures after aminophylline by suppository.
Authors: P Parfrey, S J Davies
Journal: BMJ (1979)

<b>Study objective:</b> Suicides cluster in both families and persons with psychiatric disorders and socioeconomic disadvantages. This study compares these factors between suicide cases, their siblings, and population based controls in an attempt to evaluate both the familial and the individual element of these factors. <b>Design:</b> Nested case-control study. Information on causes of death, psychiatric admission, marital status, children, and socioeconomic factors was obtained from routine registers. <b>Setting:</b> Denmark. <b>Participants:</b> 985 suicide cases, 1104 sex-age (±3 years) matched siblings, and 16 619 controls. <b>Main results:</b> The suicide rate ratios obtained from the case-sibling and the case-control analysis, respectively, were of similar magnitude. For example, in the case-sibling analysis the adjusted suicide rate ratios associated with discharge from a psychiatric hospital within the previous 365 days, being unemployed the previous year, having a postgraduate degree and being single were 42.13 (95% CI 17.75 to 100.02), 1.78 (1.35 to 2.36), 0.51 (0.21 to 1.26), and 2.69 (1.91 to 3.79), respectively. The corresponding rate ratios obtained from the case-control analysis were 47.91 (35.41 to 64.83), 1.76 (1.49 to 2.08), 0.45 (0.26 to 0.76), and 2.39 (1.87 to 3.07). Moreover, the analogous ratios when comparing siblings and controls were 1.98 (1.08 to 3.63), 1.22 (1.06 to 1.41), 0.65 (0.44 to 0.95), and 0.89 (0.75 to 1.06). <b>Conclusions:</b> People who commit suicide deviate similarly from siblings and controls in exposure to hospitalised psychiatric disorders and socioeconomic disadvantages, although these factors contribute to the familial aggregation of suicides.
Insulin Degradation: Mechanisms, Products, and Significance*
Authors: WILLIAM C. DUCKWORTH
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1988)

EIGHT YEARS have passed since our previous review of insulin degradation in this journal (1). Much information has been obtained during this period, but the opening statement in that review remains true: Insulin degradation is a complex and incompletely understood process at present. The subcellular site, the cellular and enzymatic mechanisms, and especially the biological functions of insulin degradation all continue to be active and important areas of research. Although significant progress has been made, definitive conclusions are scarce. The purpose of this review is to examine the progress, draw some tentative conclusions, and advance some speculations. Work performed before 1980 will be discussed only briefly, and questions posed in the previous review will be answered, if possible, from the new information now available. New questions will be posed for future consideration. A. Insulin protease-insulin degrading enzyme The primary insulin degrading enzyme in tissues is a neutral thiol metalloproteinase which we have termed insulin protease (IP) (2).
NECROTIC CORE DISTRIBUTION AT THE CORONARY BIFURCATION, AND THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SIDE BRANCH BIFURCATION ANGLE AND VULNERABILITY: A VIRTUAL HISTOLOGY INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND STUDY
Authors: Hideo Amano, Kenji Wagatsuma, Mikihito Toda, Hideo Nii, Yasuto Uchida, Jyunichi Yamazaki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)