tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Metabolism and effect of 7-oxo-lithocholic acid 3-sulfate on bile flow and biliary lipid secretion in rats
Authors: Hiroyuki Yamashita, Kenneth D.R. Setchell
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Significant amounts of oxo and sulfated bile acids are excreted in the urine of patients with cholestatic liver diseases, but these bile acid species are found only in traces in bile. Several possible explanations for this finding include poor canalicular secretion, rapid biotransformation by oxidoreduction and extrahepatic sulfation of oxo bile acids. To assess the physiological actions and hepatic metabolism of oxo and sulfated bile acids, we synthesized 7-oxo-lithocholic acid 3-sulfate, examined the effect of intravenous infusion of this bile acid (5.0 mumol/min/kg body wt) on bile flow and biliary lipid secretion in Sprague-Dawley rats with a bile fistula and compared this effect with that of the unconjugated analog, 7-oxo-lithocholic acid, and the primary bile acid conjugate, chenodeoxycholic acid 3-sulfate. Bile flow and bile acid secretion increased immediately after infusion of all three bile acids. The highly polar 7-oxo-lithocholic acid 3-sulfate significantly reduced the biliary secretion of phospholipids (p < 0.05) and cholesterol (p < 0.05), but by contrast the more hydrophobic analog, 7-oxo-lithocholic acid, caused a significant increase in the biliary phospholipids (p < 0.001) and cholesterol (p < 0.01) secretion. Infusion of chenodeoxycholic acid 3-sulfate also resulted in an increase in secretion of biliary cholesterol and phospholipids, but the magnitude of the change was less than that induced by 7-oxo-lithocholic acid infusion. Biliary lipid secretion was inversely related to the polarity of the infused bile acid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
P959 FACTORS AFFECTING OUTCOMES AFTER TRANSARTERIAL CHEMOEMBOLIZATION (TACE) FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC)
Authors: A. Suman, A. Sharma, S. Venkataperumal, A. Limaye, G. Morelli, V. Clark, C. Soldevila-Pico, R. Cabrera, R. Firpi, D. Nelson
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
AIDS Drug Gets Trial As Cancer Therapy
Authors: M. E. Newman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article AIDS Drug Gets Trial As Cancer Therapy Get access Michael E. Newman Michael E. Newman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 21, 7 November 1990, Pages 1671–1672, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.21.1671-a Published: 07 November 1990
Oxygen Supply Dependence of Urea Production in the Isolated Perfused Rat Liver
Authors: C. M. PASTOR, D. R. MOREL, T. R. BILLIAR
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

To determine whether hepatic urea production is limited at low hepatic O2 delivery (Do 2) by O2 itself or by the availability of substrate for urea synthesis, we isolated livers from normal rats and perfused them with Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate (KHB) buffer, KHB + 5 mM NH4Cl, or KHB + 5 mM glutamine (Gln) as an NH3 donor. The pump flow was lowered in stages, and we determined at each flow rate inflow and outflow O2 content and urea levels in the outflow perfusate. Urea production in Gln-perfused livers remained constant at high Do 2 and declined in direct proportion to Do 2 below a critical oxygen delivery (Do 2crit, the point below which the hepatic O2 consumption [V˙ o 2] becomes limited by the hepatic Do 2). The Do 2crit calculated from the urea release-Do 2 relationship (147 ± 32 μ l/min/ dry g) was similar to the Do 2crit calculated from the V˙ o 2-Do 2 relationship (158 ± 26 μ l/min/dry g). When Gln concentration and flow rate were maintained constant while decreasing Po 2 in the inflow perfusate (as well as hepatic Do 2), urea production declined below the Do 2crit. Furthermore, when Gln concentration in the perfusate was gradually reduced while keeping hepatic Do 2 constant, urea production decreased proportionally with Gln concentrations in the perfusate. Consequently, urea production is dependent on Gln and O2 availability and becomes limited at the same Do 2crit determined by the V˙ o 2-Do 2 relationship.
Evaluation of Rosette Inhibition Test in Renal Transplantation
Authors: R. F. M. Wood, A. C. Gray
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Serial rosette inhibition tests were performed on 11 renal transplant patients in an attempt to predict graft rejection. The rosette inhibition titre was higher in immunosuppressed patients than in normal subjects. The test was of predictive value in only two out of 12 rejection episodes, where a fall in titre to normal levels occurred 48 hours and 24 hours, respectively, before biochemical evidence of rejection. In two further rejection episodes the titre fell at the time of rejection. The titre changes in all tests were small and there were frequent inconsistencies in the results of individual tests. A study of the variables was undertaken, with standardization of the technique, and improvements were made in reading the test. Despite these changes the test was still not sufficiently accurate or reliable to be used as the basis of treatment of rejection episodes.
NICE recommends training programmes for parents to tackle children's antisocial behaviour
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2013)

New guidance on treating antisocial behaviour in children recommends early intervention to try to prevent problems getting worse—though it admits that it is a challenge to identify which programmes work and with which groups of children. 

Published this week by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, the guidance says that better identification and earlier intervention are needed.1

One in 20 children between the ages of 5 and 16 years has a conduct disorder, says NICE. Such disorders are commoner in boys than in girls, often occur together with mental health problems such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and are linked to poor …
Pharmacogenetics
Authors: Stanford Wessler
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Dr. Richard Miller, Senior Assistant Resident in Medicine, Jewish Hospital of St. Louis, and Assistant in Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine: A 32-year-old, Negro woman was admitted to the Jewish Hospital for the first time on Aug 4, 1967, because of a ten months' history of diffuse abdominal pain, which had begun after the delivery of her eighth child. The pain was gnawing, occasionally sharp, and resistant to all medication. The patient also had had anorexia, hematemesis, and a 40.9-kg (90-lb) weight loss. The hematocrit reading was 39% on her clinic visit of July 27, when treatment with prochlorperazine (Compazine), chloral hydrate, and an analgesic (Darvon Compound) was started. She had been hospitalized in 1960 and 1967 for psychiatric illnesses. Physical examination on admission was completely unremarkable. Hematocrit value was 33%, white blood cell count was 7,200/cu mm, and differential count was normal, platelets were adequate, reticulocyte count was
1295 A1 adrenergic receptor antagonist prazosin inhibits hepatic stellate cells activation while it stimulates progenitor cell regeneration
Authors: N SINELLI, D CASSIMAN, G DEHERTOGH, J OBEN, T ROSKAMS
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

The human liver consists of three types of liver cells: mature hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, and bipolar adult hepatic stem/progenitor cells (HPC). These three types of cell are commonly regarded as the primary targets of malignant transformation in the liver, if exposed to carcinogens in vivo or in vitro. Activation and proliferation of hepatic progenitor cells have been reported in precancerous conditions, such as chronic inflammation (hepatitis B/hepatitis C, alcoholic hepatitis and steatohepatitis). An origin of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from hepatic progenitor cells is currently inferred from the fact that many tumors contain a mixture of mature cells and cells phenotypically similar to hepatic progenitor cells. In our series, there were 42 patients (31 males, 11 females, aged 23–80 years old) with HCC, who accepted liver resection, yielding specimens sufficient for pathological studies. Immunohistochemical studies were made with human monoclonal antibodies against OV-6, CD133, CK-19, CD44, AFP for investigating the HPC. HPC grading was higher in HCC patients with hepatitis B or hepatitis C and lower in those with non-B or non-C hepatitis. As regards the survival of HCC patients based on the grading of cancer stem cells (CSC) within the tumor, the group of Grade 0 showed a more favorable survival rate than that of Grade 1–3. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of Grade 0 and Grade 1–3 were 92%, 76%, and 69%, and 63%, 50%, and 50%, respectively (p = 0.073). These liver CSC would be more resistant to chemotherapeutic agents than tumor cells with limited proliferative potential. In conclusion, we strongly believe that the contributions of HPC warrant research in patients with HCC. Without determining the characteristics of CSC, it is impossible to propose new treatment strategies.
Beauty Today and Youth Tomorrow?
Authors: Robert S. Stern
Journal: JAMA (1988)

As demonstrated by the simultaneous proliferation of tanning salons and a tremendous growth in interest in new agents that may reverse photoaging or at least wrinkles that accompany tanning, many people want both.<sup>1</sup>In this month's<i>Archives of Dermatology</i>, Bech-Thomsen and colleagues<sup>2</sup>present provocative data suggesting that in hairless mice, preirradiation with long-wave (A range) ultraviolet radiation (UV-A), similar to the wavelengths emitted by most tanning salon units, provides significant protection against the development of skin tumors in mice subsequently exposed to broad-band ultraviolet radiation (ie, the sun). These well-designed experiments suggest that, at least in the hairless mouse, a brief visit to a tanning parlor before exposure to the sun (ie, both sunburn-spectrum [B range] ultraviolet radiation [UV-B] and UV-A) might help reduce the risk of sun-induced nonmelanoma skin cancer. Somewhat surprisingly, the authors do not relate this apparent protective effect of preirradiation to increases in skin
Warfarin, Aspirin, or Both after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Mette Hurlen, Michael Abdelnoor, Pål Smith, Jan Erikssen, Harald Arnesen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

The role of antithrombotic therapy in secondary prevention after myocardial infarction is well established. Although the available literature suggests that warfarin is superior to aspirin, aspirin is currently the more widely used drug. We studied the efficacy and safety of warfarin, aspirin, or both after myocardial infarction.In a randomized, multicenter trial in 3630 patients, 1216 received warfarin (in a dose intended to achieve an international normalized ratio [INR] of 2.8 to 4.2), 1206 received aspirin (160 mg daily), and 1208 received aspirin (75 mg daily) combined with warfarin (in a dose intended to achieve an INR of 2.0 to 2.5). The mean duration of observation was four years.The primary outcome, a composite of death, nonfatal reinfarction, or thromboembolic cerebral stroke, occurred in 241 of 1206 patients receiving aspirin (20.0 percent), 203 of 1216 receiving warfarin (16.7 percent; rate ratio as compared with aspirin, 0.81; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.69 to 0.95; P=0.03), and 181 of 1208 receiving warfarin and aspirin (15.0 percent; rate ratio as compared with aspirin, 0.71; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.60 to 0.83; P=0.001). The difference between the two groups receiving warfarin was not statistically significant. Episodes of major, nonfatal bleeding were observed in 0.62 percent of patients per treatment-year in both groups receiving warfarin and in 0.17 percent of patients receiving aspirin (P<0.001).Warfarin, in combination with aspirin or given alone, was superior to aspirin alone in reducing the incidence of composite events after an acute myocardial infarction but was associated with a higher risk of bleeding.
Polymorphisms in Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 Are Associated with Better Response Rates to Ranibizumab Treatment in Age-related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Manuel M. Hermann, Freekje van Asten, Philipp S. Muether, Dzenita Smailhodzic, Peter Lichtner, Carel B. Hoyng, Bernd Kirchhof, Christian Grefkes, Anneke I. den Hollander, Sascha Fauser
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
Suppression of androgen production by D-tryptophan-6-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in man.
Authors: G Tolis, A Mehta, A M Comaru-Schally, A V Schally
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Four male transsexual subjects were given a superactive luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue, D-tryptophan-6-LHRH at daily doses of 100 micrograms for 3--6 mo. A decrease in beard growth, acne, and erectile potency was noted; the latter was documented objectively with the recordings of nocturnal penile tumescence episodes. Plasma testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels fell to castrate values; basal prolactin and luteinizing hormone levels showed a small decline, whereas the acutely releasable luteinizing hormone was significantly suppressed. A rise of plasma testosterone from castrate to normal levels was demonstrable with the use of human chorionic gonadotropin. Discontinuation of treatment led to a normalization of erectile potency and plasma testosterone. The suppression of Leydig cell function by D-tryptophan-6-LHRH might have wide application in reproductive biology and in endocrine-dependent neoplasia (where it could replace surgical castration).
Project makes emergency pill more available
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (1999)

More than 100 general medical practices in Lothian, Scotland, have agreed to take part in the 2-year research project designed to see if improving the availability of emergency contraception will reduce unplanned pregnancies and lower the abortion rate. At the end of 2 years, the change in the abortion and unplanned pregnancy rate of women attending the 100 general practices will be compared with any change in rates among other practices in the region. Both the BMA and the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists have supported moves to make emergency contraception available over the counter in pharmacies. However, this has been strongly resisted in Great Britain by anti-abortion groups and the Catholic Church. Expectations are bright that the project will reduce the number of abortion cases in Lothian by about 15%.
VLR-Based Adaptive Immunity
Authors: Thomas Boehm, Nathanael McCurley, Yoichi Sutoh, Michael Schorpp, Masanori Kasahara, Max D. Cooper
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2012)

Lampreys and hagfish are primitive jawless vertebrates capable of mounting specific immune responses. Lampreys possess different types of lymphocytes, akin to T and B cells of jawed vertebrates, that clonally express somatically diversified antigen receptors termed variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs), which are composed of tandem arrays of leucine-rich repeats. The VLRs appear to be diversified by a gene conversion mechanism involving lineage-specific cytosine deaminases. VLRA is expressed on the surface of T-like lymphocytes; B-like lymphocytes express and secrete VLRB as a multivalent protein. VLRC is expressed by a distinct lymphocyte lineage. VLRA-expressing cells appear to develop in a thymus-like tissue at the tip of gill filaments, and VLRB-expressing cells develop in hematopoietic tissues. Reciprocal expression patterns of evolutionarily conserved interleukins and chemokines possibly underlie cell-cell interactions during an immune response. The discovery of VLRs in agnathans illuminates the origins of adaptive immunity in early vertebrates.
Aggressiveness and dominance
Authors: Ulrich Mueller
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Aggressiveness is a vital component of dominating behavior. We must distinguish adaptive from nonadaptive aggression and must control for skills, intelligence, appropriate context variables, and – most important – whether the aggression displayed was actually suitable for improving a subject's social status. If we do, we may find a consistent positive correlation between adaptive aggressiveness and testosterone.
[447] ROLE OF CCR5 AND CXCR3 CHEMOKINE RECEPTORS EXPRESSION ON CD8+ CELLS DURING CHRONIC HEPATITIS C INFECTION
Authors: M. Calvino, S. Benito, T. Parra, J. Perez de Hornedo, A. Arias, E. Sanz de Villalobos, F. Gonzalez-Mateos, S. Garcia-Garzon, C. Perna, A. Bienvenido, J.R. Larrubia
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
MDMA (“Ecstasy”) Abuse and High-Risk Sexual Behaviors Among 169 Gay and Bisexual Men
Authors: Robert L. Klitzman, Harrison G. Pope, James I. Hudson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

The authors explored the association between abuse of 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, or "Ecstasy") and high-risk sexual behaviors among gay and bisexual men.An anonymous questionnaire was completed by 169 gay and bisexual men at three New York City dance clubs. The questionnaire covered demographic indices, use of MDMA and other drugs, and history of high-risk sexual behaviors.About one-third of the respondents reported MDMA use at least monthly. MDMA use was strongly and significantly associated with a history of recent unprotected anal intercourse. This association remained equally strong even after controlling for age, ethnicity, and all other forms of drug use, including alcohol.MDMA abuse, and its strong association with high-risk sexual behaviors, appears to represent important unexplored public health problems among some gay or bisexual men.
TCT-157 The Effect of Smoking Status on Platelet Reactivity and Long-Term Events after PCI. Does a Clopidogrel-related "Smoker's paradox" Exist?
Authors: Giora Weisz, Ajay J. Kirtane, Ke Xu, Thomas Stuckey, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Michael Rinaldi, Franz-Josef Neumann, D. Christopher Metzger, Timothy D. Henry, David Cox, Peter L. Duffy, Bruce R. Brodie, Ernest L. Mazzaferri, Helen Parise, Roxana Mehran, Gregg Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein-1 is mutant in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4A/8q21
Authors: Rachel V. Baxter, Kamel Ben Othmane, Julie M. Rochelle, Jason E. Stajich, Christine Hulette, Susan Dew-Knight, Faycal Hentati, Mongi Ben Hamida, S. Bel, Judy E. Stenger, John R. Gilbert, Margaret A. Pericak-Vance, Jeffery M. Vance
Journal: Nature Genetics (2001)
AN IMPROVED BALL PESSARY
Authors: Arthur C. Jacobson
Journal: JAMA (1924)

In procidentia associated with an unusual degree of vaginal relaxation and perineal damage, this pessary will remain in place much more surely than the ordinary ball device. Direct advantage is deliberately taken of the vaginal relaxation, the collapsed walls serving to retain the pessary. I first used the outer device, without the ball, but in cases characterized by an undue transmission of intra-abdominal pressure it was found that the relaxed vaginal walls would become impacted between the hard rubber coils. The inclusion of the ball was a later thought, obviating the impaction while at the same time taking sufficient advantage of the relaxed walls. This pessary weighs about 1½2 ounces. The symmetrically disposed convolutions constituting the outer section are made from a hard rubber ring which, when heated, is bent into the shape of a three-leaf clover, each leaf or lobe being then curled over a small ball pessary. Its
EXPERIMENTAL PYELONEPHRITIS
Authors: Lucien B. Guze, Paul B. Beeson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1956)

A study has been made of the effect of ureteral ligation on the susceptibility of the kidney to pyogenic infection. In most experiments a strain of E. coli was employed as the test organism, being injected intravenously in varying quantity either before or after ureteral ligation. A few experiments were also carried out with S. marcescens. Preliminary observations were made on the distribution and persistence of E. coli following its inoculation into the blood stream of normal rats. Rapid reduction in number of bacteria in the circulation occurred during the first 30 minutes, but bacteriemia persisted at a comparatively low level for at least 48 hours. Large proportions of the inoculated bacteria were arrested and apparently destroyed in the liver, spleen, and lungs. Comparatively small numbers were deposited in the kidneys; nevertheless, these continued to be demonstrable during the 1st week, without notable tendency to increase or decrease, then disappeared during the 2nd week. There was no acceleration in rate of disposal of the bacteria in the kidney when a second injection was made 1 week after the first. In rats with one ureter ligated the number of bacteria lodging in the kidneys after intravenous inoculation did not differ from that found in normal animals. It appears, therefore, that the increased susceptibility of the obstructed kidney to infection via the blood stream is not attributable to an increased trapping of circulating bacteria. 4 to 6 hours after the intravenous injection, however, an increased number of bacteria could be demonstrated in the obstructed kidney, apparently due to local multiplication, and by the end of 24 hours purulent infection was usually obvious. A comparatively large number of bacteria was required to cause infection, even in the kidney with obstruction. This appeared to be related to the small proportion of the intravenous inoculum which lodged in the kidney initially. Although bacteria could be demonstrated in the normal kidney for a week or more following intravenous injection it was not possible to induce active infection with equal regularity by ligating the ureter throughout this time. During the first 3 days the majority of obstructed kidneys developed infection, but after 5 or more days this occurred in only a small proportion of animals so treated. The reason for the difference, in relation to interval between intravenous injection and time of ligation, is not apparent. When the ureter was ligated but no intravenous injection of bacteria was given, staphylococcal infection developed in the obstructed kidney within 2 weeks in about one-third of the animals. Reasons are given for the belief that this was blood-borne infection, and not the result of contamination at the time of operation. Staphylococci were not recovered from the normal rat kidney. These "spontaneous" staphylococcal infections seldom developed when E. coli was injected intravenously at the time of ureteral ligation.
The Effect of Thrombolytic Therapy with Anisoylated Plasminogen Streptokinase Activator Complex on the Indicators of Myocardial Salvage
Authors: M. B. Buchalter, J. P. Bourke, K. Jennings, P. C. Adams, A. C.F. Kenmure, Chan Wah Hah, D. S. Reid
Journal: Drugs (1987)
Radiology of Abdominal Trauma
Authors: Leon Love
Journal: JAMA (1975)

IN 1970, trauma was the fourth leading cause of death, after heart disease, cancer, and stroke.<sup>1</sup>Of the 52 million US citizens injured annually, 110,000 die, while 11 million require hospitalization for one or more days, at a cost of $3 billion.<sup>2</sup> The role of radiology has steadily increased in importance in the diagnosis and management of abdominal trauma. A sequence of radiologic procedures is useful and should be varied according to the clinical manifestations; they are reviewed here. <h3>Scout-Film Studies</h3> Scout-film studies of abdomen and chest are extremely valuable in the initial detection of hemorrhage, extraluminal air, and mass effect of a hematoma that may displace bowel or viscera and enlarge organs. Associated skeletal and chest trauma may first be detected on these studies. The patient should be transported to the x-ray department while lying on his left side. Since it may take 10 to 15 minutes
Coffee and Caffeine Are Associated With Decreased Risk of Advanced Hepatic Fibrosis Among Patients With Hepatitis C
Authors: Natalia Khalaf, Donna White, Fasiha Kanwal, David Ramsey, Sahil Mittal, Shahriar Tavakoli-Tabasi, Jill Kuzniarek, Hashem B. El-Serag
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2015)