tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Determination of Body Mass Index
Authors: Herman M. Frankel
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> To resolve "the pressing questions relating to the health implications of obesity, the NIH [National Institutes of Health] Office of Medical Applications of Research, the National Institute of Arthritis, Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened a consensus development conference on the health implications of obesity on February 11-13, 1985."<sup>1</sup> The Consensus Development Panel concluded that "the evidence is now overwhelming that obesity, defined as excess storage of energy in the form of fat, has adverse effects on health and longevity"; that "obesity is clearly associated with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and excess of certain cancers and other medical problems"; that "treatment is strongly advised... for the thirty-four million adult Americans [who] have a body mass index (BMI) greater than 27.8 (men) or 27.3 (women)... a level of obesity which is very close to a weight increase
The plight of the international medical graduate
Authors: T. Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2014)

It can’t feel great to be an international medical graduate in Britain right now. Ahead of next month’s European elections, candidates of all political hues are trying to neutralise the appeal of the tiny UK Independence Party by borrowing its anti-immigration rhetoric.

Yet international medical graduates—immigrants—know that they keep the NHS running. Almost 40% of the NHS’s doctors are foreign born; 26% of doctors registered with the General Medical Council qualified outside the European Economic Area. For years the UK has been seemingly content to staff its health service with doctors from countries that in many cases could ill afford to lose them.

They’ve hardly been welcomed with open arms. Once here, achieving professional advancement has been tough. In the game of postgraduate snakes and ladders …
RELIEF OF LOWER TOOTHACHE BY COCAINIZATION OF THE NASAL (SPHENOPALATINE-MECKEL'S) GANGLION
Authors: L. E. Toney
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Some interesting and surprising clinical phenomena have been reported as the results of cocainization of the nasal ganglion. The relief of toothache in the lower jaw by this means has, however, not been recorded. Mrs. L. E. T., aged 35, was seized with severe toothache, Dec. 12, 1922, because of exposed pulp of the right lower third molar. The attack came on at 1 a. m. No dentist was easily available. Sluder has stated that cocainization of the nasal ganglion will stop the pain of surgical wounds of the lower jaw made by the extraction of teeth. He also stated that he had not had the chance to know whether the pain of exposed pulp could be controlled in that way. Remembering this, I thought the experiment worth the trial, and placed an applicator with one drop of saturated aqueous cocain solution on the mucous membrane covering the right sphenopalatine
The Schönlein-Henoch Syndrome
Authors: NANCY E. GARY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Two patients had Schönlein-Henoch syndrome and focal glomerulonephritis. Transient diminution of renal function, measured by endogenous creatinine clearance, is documented with each exacerbation of the skin lesion. The prevalence of this phenomenon and its cause and prognostic import are unknown. Further evaluation of the renal involvement in Schönlein-Henoch syndrome is needed.
P115Pak1 is required to maintain ventricular Ca2+ homeostasis and electrophysiological stability through SERCA2a regulation in mice
Authors: Y Wang, H Tsui, Y Ke, D Terrar, C. L-H Huang, R J Solaro, X Wang, M Lei
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Impaired sarcoplasmic reticular (SR) Ca2+ uptake resulting from decreased SR Ca2+-ATPase type 2a (SERCA2a) expression or activity is characteristic of heart failure (HF) with its associated ventricular arrhythmias. Recent attempts at gene therapy of these conditions explored strategies enhancing SERCA2a expression and/or activity as novel approaches to HF management. We here explore the role of Pak1 in maintaining ventricular Ca2+ homeostasis and electrophysiological stability under both physiological and.acute β-adrenergic or hypertrophic challenge conditions
Oculo-auditory Syndromes
Authors: Thomas R. Hedges
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This unique volume gives us the best understanding to date of the two higher sensory systems, the ocular and the auditory, which are very complex but have common characteristics. Contributors from the interrelated fields of basic science clearly point out the overlapping anatomy, embryology, and physiology, which are liable to produce complicated and rare clinical syndromes. The common ectodermal origin of the eye and ear logically leads to anatomic similarities, especially as regards circulation and neurovegetative function. This developmental pattern is responsible for oculoauditory syndromes due to genetic defects affecting the neuroectoderm, including Usher's syndrome (retinitis pigmentosa and dysacousia), Alstrom's syndrome (retinitis pigmentosa, obesity, deafness, and diabetes mellitus), Norrie's disease (oculoacoustic cerebral degeneration), Refsum's disease (phytanic acid storage disease), and Konigsmark's syndrome (congenital deafness and progressive optic atrophy). Genetic enzymatic defects affecting mesenchymal tissues are illustrated by Goldenhar's syndrome (oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia) and Waardenburg's syndrome, among others. This book is helpful
Two or three doses of human papillomavirus vaccine?
Authors: J. Brotherton
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Switching to two doses looks feasible, but only with careful monitoring



Movable feast

JIM VARNEY/SPL

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines have the potential to prevent the considerable morbidity and mortality caused by oncogenic HPV types. In the eight years since the vaccines were first licensed, we have seen remarkable reductions in genital warts, HPV infections, and pre-cancerous cervical lesions in vaccinated populations.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 However, achieving high coverage with three doses of vaccine is challenging in many populations, and the cost of the vaccine has kept it out of reach for many countries. In a linked paper (doi:10.1136/bmj.g7584), Jit and colleagues explore, through modelling, the potential cost effectiveness of a two dose HPV vaccination schedule.9

Both the bivalent and quadrivalent HPV vaccines were initially registered for use as three dose courses given over six months, using the model of subunit vaccines for which multiple doses are needed to generate a sufficient immune response. However, HPV vaccines are notably immunogenic, producing very high and durable antibody responses, and the virus-like particle structure of the vaccines, with their repetitive antigen display, may be stimulating immunity that is more akin to the response generated by viral infections or live vaccines.10 …
Effect of body hydration status on the psycho-physiological profile of college level women basketball players (18-22 years)
Authors: Ishu Kataria, Priti Rishi Lal, S P Sahni
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

The effect of body hydration status was assessed on the psycho-physiological profile of college level women basketball players (18–22 years). Thirty basketball players and 30 training in a fitness centre, selected via purposive sampling, after screening within pre-determined selection criteria, comprised the study sample. Information on the subjects' knowledge and practices related to hydration was elicited using a questionnaire. The pre- and postexercise values of psycho-physiological parameters (heart rate, reaction time and electrodermal response); body hydration status (urine specific gravity and urine pH) and perceived exertion during exercise were measured using heart rate monitor, reaction timer and electrodermal monitor; multistix strips and Borg's scale, respectively. Screening ensured that both groups were not significantly different in their age, body mass index, total body water, physical activity level, total daily energy expenditure, energy intake and intake of important nutrients. Data regarding knowledge and practices showed low awareness and faulty practices in both groups. There was no significant difference in pre-exercise body hydration status and psycho-physiological parameters between both groups. The pre- and postexercise hydration and psycho-physiological parameters were significantly different (p&lt;0.01) in both groups, indicating dehydration and deterioration in psycho-physiological parameters. Post exercise, the basketball group showed significantly higher values of urine specific gravity (p&lt;0.01), urine pH (p&lt;0.05) and heart rate (p&lt;0.05), when compared with the control group; and a positive covariance between urine specific gravity and heart rate, implying that significantly higher levels of dehydration in the basketball group may have caused deterioration in psycho-physiological response.
Humanitarian aid: some political realities
Authors: Richard J Brennan, Egbert Sondorp
Journal: BMJ (2006)

multicentre study on sexual relations among young people in developing countries. 9mproving sexual and reproductive health requires action by areas of society beyond the health sector.Poverty and sex inequality increase the vulnerability of women to sexually transmitted disease and HIV infection.Early child bearing and high fertility are barriers to improving the educational and economic status of women and young people.w2 The Arab human development report emphasised that sexual discrimination is paralleled by prejudice against the young. 10Patriarchal dominance and discrimination is worst when the two prejudices overlap-as in the case of young females.Religion is often used to rationalise old cultural traditions and social prejudices, as in the case of female genital cutting. 11owerlessness shapes people's health and life.Alleviating poverty is one route to empowerment, and access to information and services is another.Supply of information and services is, however, not enough.Young people need to be seen as assets, not problems.They should not be denied access to education and services in the hope that they will remain ignorant about sexual health issues that society would rather sweep under the carpet.Information and education does not encourage promiscuity, it helps young people to make responsible decisions to prevent unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted disease.w3 In this issue, Obermeyer reviews the evidence about HIV in the Middle East and North Africa. 4Given the still relatively low prevalence of HIV and AIDS in most of the countries in this region, we have a window of opportunity to prevent what will otherwise be an epidemic, when the disease spreads beyond the high risk groups. 12The cost of ignoring this window of opportunity will be high.Sexually active people must be given information and the ability to act on it through provision of services otherwise the opportunity will be lost.Preaching abstinence alone is not enough.The millennium development goals in the Middle East will not be achieved if women and young people are powerless.
Fibrinogen β–derived Bβ15-42 peptide protects against kidney ischemia/ reperfusion injury
Authors: Aparna Krishnamoorthy, Amrendra Kumar Ajay, Dana Hoffmann, Tae-Min Kim, Victoria Ramirez, Gabriela Campanholle, Norma A. Bobadilla, Sushrut S. Waikar, Vishal S. Vaidya
Journal: Blood (2011)
Animals in Research
Authors: Thomas J. Poulton
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.—  Drs Smith and Hendee 1 present an impassioned plea for   the use  animals in medical  They find it difficult to understand the position of physicians, scientists, and veterinarians active in the animal rights movement who support proposed legislation that would severely impede medical research.  As one  the individuals to whom they refer, I would like to reply. I am an experienced researcher, a full professor  anesthesiology with approximately 60 publications. I was actively involved in the conduct  animal research for nearly ten years and recently served for two years on my university's animal research committee.  Beginning with my days as a research fellow in a busy research-oriented department, I was somewhat taken aback by the casual manner in which animals were dispatched for research purposes. There, and in subsequent positions, it was extremely common to see evidence  that attitude.
Personal Health Records and Health Care Utilization
Authors: David W. Bates, Susan Wells
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Veterans’ Complex Chronic Illness Requires Personalized Care, Says IOM
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2013)

of men had concentrations greater than 50 ng/mL and 5% of patients had levels of 100 ng/mL or higher. The risk of having such persistently high zolpidem concentrations was lessened among individuals taking a 6.25-mg dose of extendedrelease zolpidem, with 15% of women and 5% of men having potentially impairing levels of the drug and about 10% of elderly individuals having persistently high blood concentrations of the drug 8 hours after taking the drug. In light of these data, the recommended doses for women are being lowered from 10 mg to 5 mg for immediate-release zolpidem and from 12.5 mg to 6.25 mg for extendedrelease formulations. The FDA is recommending that clinicians consider these lower doses for men also. Unger noted that each patient is unique and urged patients to consult their physicians before making any changes in their zolpidem dose.
A Lecture on CANCER OF THE GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT
Authors: A. H. Burgess
Journal: BMJ (1927)

The samue tale is told by our local statistics.The deaths from canceer in tlhe Maanchester area have steadilv risen from 875 in 1919 to 1,055 in 1925.Of this last year's total, 519 (that is, practicallv one-half) were of the gastro- initestinial tract, and almnost exactly one-thlird w-ere from canicer of the stomach alone.In the Inited States of America, ouit of nearly 100,000 deaths from cancer every year, more thiani on-e-tliird (roughly 35,000) are due to cancer of the stomiiachl alonie.This high frequency of involvement of.the alimenitarv
Mitomycin-C in Corneal Surface Excimer Laser Ablation Techniques
Authors: Parag A. Majmudar, Steven C. Schallhorn, John B. Cason, Kendall E. Donaldson, George D. Kymionis, Roni M. Shtein, Steven M. Verity, Ayad A. Farjo
Journal: Ophthalmology (2015)
THE USE AND ABUSE OF PITUITARY EXTRACT
Authors: GEORGE W. KOSMAK
Journal: JAMA (1918)

by Dr. Waugh, if he will look up the literature on poisonous plants he will find that the chyrsanthemum belongs to the poisonous group, as do also the geranium and the night¬ shade.As regards eruption from insects, I examined the plants closely for the blister bug, the insect which produces eruptions most frequently in the South, but found none.Most insects which may cause a dermatitis are very well known.I found none of these on any of the plants examined.As regards a second infection, I have been observing this plant for two seasons only.In this time I have seen but one second infec¬ tion.This was the lady whose photograph I have shown.As regards the infecting parts, I have suggested the hairs of the plant or possibly the glucosid, which is soluble in water; also that some friction seems necessary for the infection to take place.As regards the transplanting of tomato plants in the garden, I have never seen a case caused by such handling.I have experimented on several persons who were not, how¬ ever, susceptible to the common poisonous plants, without a successful inoculation.Therefore, I am quite sure that most people are immune, or are not susceptible to infection from this plant.
Elevated resistin levels in chronic kidney disease are associated with decreased glomerular filtration rate and inflammation, but not with insulin resistance
Authors: J. Axelsson, A. Bergsten, A.R. Qureshi, O. Heimbürger, P. Bárány, F. Lönnqvist, B. Lindholm, L. Nordfors, A. Alvestrand, P. Stenvinkel
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
Remodeling Index Compared to Actual Vascular Remodeling in Atherosclerotic Left Main Coronary Arteries as Assessed With Long-Term (≥12 Months) Serial Intravascular Ultrasound
Authors: Clemens von Birgelen, Marc Hartmann, Gary S. Mintz, Dirk Böse, Holger Eggebrecht, Till Neumann, Mario Gössl, Heinrich Wieneke, Axel Schmermund, Martin G. Stoel, Patrick M.J. Verhorst, Raimund Erbel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
The private finance initiative: PFI in the NHS---is there an economic case?
Authors: D. Gaffney, A. M Pollock, D. Price, J. Shaoul
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The private finance initiative substantially increases the cost of hospital building. Total costs (construction costs plus financing costs) in a sample of hospitals built under the private finance initiative are 18-60% higher than construction costs alone (table 1). Shareholders in private finance initiative schemes can expect real returns of 15-25% a year.1 The consortiums involved in these schemes charge the NHS fees equivalent to 11.2-18.5% of construction costs (table 2). If the Treasury were to finance new hospitals directly out of its own borrowing it would pay a real rate of annual interest of 3.0-3.5%. It has been estimated that the £2.7 billion Scottish private finance initiative programme will cost, at a conservative estimate, “£2 billion more than if the Treasury had acquired the assets directly.”2 The higher costs will be met locally through cuts in clinical spending and nationally through subsidies from NHS capital budgets.

Medical staff are deeply implicated in hospital private finance initiative schemes. Clinical directors approve and medical directors sign off the full business case, clinical posts are lost, and heroic targets are set for gains in medical productivity. Clinical concerns are generally met by assurances that the largely undisclosed price of the private finance initiative is well worth paying because schemes approved by the initiative offer better value for money than public procurement. This claim is based on the fact that, for approval purposes, all privately financed schemes are compared with a notional publicly funded equivalent, the public sector comparator. However, this comparison is carried out using an appraisal methodology under which the cash payments associated with each option are “discounted,” and costs are adjusted to reflect “risk transfer.” Both these factors have an influence on the results of the comparison. The appraisal methodology is prescribed in government guidance and plays a crucial …
A new look at the neonatal electrocardiogram.
Authors: D P Southall, D G Vulliamy, M J Davies, R H Anderson, E A Shinebourne, A M Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Among 818 newborn babies whose electrocardiograms (ECGs) were recorded between April 1975 and April 1976 were 57 babies with recordings that fell outside the accepted normal range. Preliminary observations have identified the need to define more clearly the range of normal variation. Twelve babies showed asymptomatic conduction abnormalities, three of which were thought sufficiently serious to need treatment. Two babies died suddenly, one of whom had abnormal conduction on the ECG and histologically demonstrated abnormalities of the conducting system. This continuing prospective study may indicate a link between conducting tissue abnormalities and the sudden infant death syndrome. Ten babies had congenital cardiac anomalies, four of which were first discovered because of an abnormal screening cardiogram. Electrocardiography, a simple and noninvasive procedure, may be a valuable addition to the routine neonatal examination.
Echocardiographic Evaluation of Patients With Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Carditis
Authors: Ramachandran S. Vasan, Savitri Shrivastava, Manam Vijayakumar, Rajiv Narang, Bradford C. Lister, Jagat Narula
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Cardiac involvement is the most important component of acute rheumatic fever. The role of echocardiography in the evaluation of rheumatic carditis has not been adequately defined. We used echocardiography in a large sample of patients with acute rheumatic fever to describe morphological abnormalities associated with rheumatic carditis and to assess its role in the diagnosis of rheumatic carditis.Cross-sectional and color Doppler echocardiographic examination was performed in 108 consecutive patients with acute rheumatic fever within 24 to 48 hours of diagnosis. Twenty-eight patients had acute rheumatic fever without clinical evidence of carditis (group 1). Thirty-five patients had a presumed first episode of rheumatic carditis (group 2), and 45 patients had a recurrence of carditis (group 3). Patients in group 1 did not demonstrate any evidence of valvular regurgitation. Mitral regurgitation was the most common Doppler echocardiographic feature in groups 2 (94%) and 3 (84%). Valvular thickening with or without restriction of leaflet mobility was frequently seen in rheumatic carditis. One of every 4 patients with rheumatic carditis demonstrated echocardiographic presence of focal valvular nodules. These nodules were found on the body and the tips of the mitral valve leaflets and disappeared on follow-up. Ventricular dilatation (group 2, 54%; group 3, 74%) and restriction of leaflet mobility (group 3, 37%) were common mechanisms of mitral regurgitation in rheumatic carditis; valve prolapse (group 2, 9%; group 3, 16%) and annular dilatation (group 2, 12%; group 3, 21%) were infrequent. The majority of patients with rheumatic carditis had normal left ventricular systolic function. Congestive heart failure (group 2, 17%; group 3, 40%) was invariably associated with the presence of hemodynamically significant valve lesions. On follow-up, no patient in group 1 developed valvular regurgitation. In group 2 patients, a progressive decrease in left ventricular dimensions was observed without any change in ventricular fractional shortening. Valvular regurgitation remained unchanged in 69% of patients, decreased in 22%, and disappeared in 9%.In patients with rheumatic carditis, the mitral valve is most often involved and mitral regurgitation is the most common finding on color flow imaging. Mitral regurgitation in rheumatic carditis is related to ventricular dilatation and/or restriction of leaflet mobility. Rheumatic carditis does not result in congestive heart failure in the absence of hemodynamically significant valve lesions. In a quarter of patients with rheumatic carditis, we observed valve nodules that may represent echocardiographic equivalents of rheumatic verrucae. Our study failed to reveal any incremental diagnostic utility of echocardiography and Doppler color flow imaging in rheumatic fever without clinical evidence of carditis.