tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Membrane Fluidity in Human and Mouse Chediak-Higashi Leukocytes
Authors: Richard A. Haak, Leah M. Ingraham, Robert L. Baehner, Laurence A. Boxer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes from humans and mice with the Chediak-Higashi syndrome were characterized by spin label electron spin resonance spectrometry. Our results suggest that cells from afflicted mice and humans have membranes more fluid than controls. Order parameters for a spin label that probes near the membrane surface were 0.652 for normals and 0.645 for two Chediak-Higashi patients. Cells from Chediak-Higashi mice showed similar differences, as did isolated plasma membrane fractions. An increased membrane fluidity was also detected with a spin label that probes deeper in the bilayer. In vitro treatment of Chediak-Higashi mouse cells with 0.01 M ascorbate increased the order parameter to normal levels. In vitro incubation of mouse Chediak-Higashi cells with glucose oxidase increased the order parameter, similar to the effect of ascorbate. This increase was abolished when catalase was added to the incubation medium. In vitro incubation with dibutyryl cyclic guanosine monophosphate (1 μM to 0.1 mM) did not normalize order parameters. These results indicate that fluidity of Chediak-Higashi cell membranes was affected by treatments expected to alter the oxidation: reduction potential of the environment but was not affected by treatments expected to alter the ratio of intracellular cyclic nucleotides. The latter treatment would affect microtubule assembly. Therefore, it appears that the membrane fluidity abnormalities as demonstrated by electron spin resonance and the earlier demonstrated microtubule dysfunctions characteristic of Chediak-Higashi cells are coexisting defects and are probably not directly related.
Requirement to Purchase Health Insurance
Authors: William Smith
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fluid Flow Rapidly Activates G Proteins in Human Endothelial Cells
Authors: Siva R.P. Gudi, Craig B. Clark, John A. Frangos
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

Fluid shear stimulates endothelial cells, with the external hemodynamic forces transduced across the plasma membrane to modulate intracellular events. We report the first direct evidence that identifies specific GTP binding proteins (G proteins) activated within 1 second of flow onset, representing one of the earliest mechanochemical signal transduction events reported to date in shear-stimulated endothelium. A nonhydrolyzable GTP photoreactive analogue, azidoanilido [α- 32 P]GTP (AAGTP), allowed irreversible labeling of flow-stimulated G proteins, with two protein bands (42 kD and 31 kD) identified in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) subjected to laminar flow (10 dyne/cm 2 ) in a parallel-plate flow chamber. Immunoprecipitation of labeled whole-cell lysates identified the specific G-protein subunits G αq/α11 and G αi3/αo as being activated by flow. Endothelial cell membrane vesicles were sheared in a cone-and-plate viscometer, with the 42-kD protein band labeled by AAGTP, but the 31-kD protein absent, indicating that the 42-kD G protein is membrane associated and activated independently of intact cytoskeletal or cytosolic components. Our results describe one of the earliest flow-induced signaling events reported in HUVECs, providing insight into the primary mechanosensing and signal transduction mechanisms.
Brave New Face
Authors: Susan Okie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Interview with Dr. Maria Siemionow on her protocol for full-face transplantation. (08:15)Download In her office at the Cleveland Clinic, plastic surgeon Maria Siemionow has been studying the photographs and perusing the medical records of severely disfigured people, looking for the ideal candidate to undergo what could be the world's first transplantation of an entire face.Last October, Siemionow and her team became the first to receive approval from the institutional review board (IRB) of a U.S. hospital to proceed with plans to perform the experimental surgery. In London, plastic surgeon Peter Butler has also obtained permission from the Royal Free Hospital's research ethics committee to begin evaluating patients for the procedure. In . . .
The Patch Test
Authors: Walter B. Shelley
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Patch testing consists of the application of substances to the skin for the purpose of detecting specific hypersensitivity. It serves as an admirable diagnostic tool in the clinical study of patients who have inflammatory dermatitic reactions of an allergic nature. It allows a rapid and relatively safe review of the tolerance of the skin to a large number of materials known to cause reactions in the sensitized person. Although disarmingly simple in principle, it does require skill in execution and interpretation. It is only one cog on the diagnostic wheel! Furthermore, one must recognize that patch testing involves the deliberate reproduction of disease and as such must be employed with discretion. Admittedly the disease is miniaturized down to a patch, but nonetheless it is iatrogenic. Hence, the responsible physician will generally limit patch testing to those circumstances where the history, the localization, and a thoughtful review of the patient's contactants
Effect of dual-chamber pacing on systolic and diastolic function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Acute doppler echocardiographic and catheterization hemodynamic study
Authors: Rick A. Nishimura, David L. Hayes, Duane M. Ilstrup, David R. Holmes, A. Jamil Tajik
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
An independent NHS?: Why it really is time to separate from direct government involvement
Authors: Layla Jader
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—I received 21 items of correspondence about my personal view on separating the NHS from direct government involvement, mostly supporting the idea and many urging me to take it further.1 I have worked in the NHS for 28 years and my conclusions are based on first hand experience of the waste associated with massive bureaucracy to support edicts from the top, short term solutions to …
The G191R variant in the PRSS2 gene does not play a role in protection against tropical calcific pancreatitis
Authors: S Mahurkar, S Bhaskar, D N Reddy, G V Rao, S P Singh, V Thomas, G R Chandak
Journal: Gut (2009)

In a cross-over RCT, portable NIV (pNIV) reduced dynamic hyperinflation (DH) compared to pursed lip breathing (PLB) during intermittent exercise in COPD, but not consistently in all subjects. In this post-hoc analysis, DH response was defined as a reduction ≥4.5% of predicted resting inspiratory capacity with pNIV compared to PLB. At exercise iso-time (where work completed was consistent between pNIV and PLB), 8/24 patients were DH non-responders (DH: 240±40ml, p=0.001 greater using pNIV). 16/24 were DH responders (DH: 220±50ml, p=0.001 lower using pNIV). Compared to DH responders, DH non-responders exhibited greater resting DH (RV/TLC: 65±4% versus 56±2%; p=0.028) and did not improve exercise tolerance (pNIV: 30.9±3.4 versus PLB: 29.9±3.3 min; p=0.603). DH responders increased exercise tolerance (pNIV: 34.9±2.4 versus PLB: 27.1±2.3 min; p=0.001). Resting RV/TLC% was negatively associated with the magnitude of DH when using pNIV compared to PLB (r=-0.42; p=0.043). Patients with profound DH were less likely to improve exercise tolerance with pNIV. Further studies using auto-adjusted ventilators are warranted.
Healing and prevention of relapse of reflux oesophagitis by cisapride.
Authors: J Toussaint, A Gossuin, M Deruyttere, F Huble, G Devis
Journal: Gut (1991)

Altogether, 138 patients were included in a study aimed at evaluating the effect of cisapride on healing and relapse of oesophagitis shown endoscopically. In the first phase of the study cisapride was given in an open fashion at 10 mg four times a day for 8 to 16 weeks, and healing was obtained in 69% of patients. Healing occurred later in patients with grades II to IV oesophagitis. The total score for reflux symptoms decreased by 67%. Eighty of the healed patients were included in the second phase. They were randomly assigned to double blind treatment with either cisapride 10 mg (n = 37) or placebo (n = 43) twice a day. Control endoscopy was performed when symptoms recurred or at the end of the six month trial. The cumulative percentage of patients in remission was higher (p = 0.06, survival analysis) in the cisapride group than in the placebo group, the relapse rates being 20% and 39%. The duration of remission tended to be longer in patients with a lower initial degree of oesophagitis. Adverse effects were no more frequent with cisapride than with placebo. In conclusion, cisapride is efficacious in healing oesophagitis, and, unlike other gastrointestinal prokinetic drugs or low dose cimetidine (400-800 mg daily) or ranitidine (150 mg daily), it may prevent relapse of oesophagitis.
Book Review Pediatric and Neonatal Tests and Procedures Edited by H. William Taeusch, Robert O. Christiansen, and E. Stephen Buescher. 686 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 1996. $89. 0-7216-5159-3
Authors: Louis P. Halamek, David K. Stevenson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)
Military Medical Units Among Last to Leave Somalia
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1994)

ABSTRACT MILITARY MEDICINE is standing ready as the March 31 deadline nears for departure of the remaining US troops from Somalia.All US troops now are on, or about to board, the ships standing by just offshore, or at the Mogadishu airport, preparing for the final US Air Force flights out of Somalia. The Cairo (Egypt) West airport midway point for aeromedical evacuation to Europe also will close when the US forces are redeployed and routine airlift activity ceases.Alexander M. Sloan, MD, and Charles H. Roadman II, MD, US Air Force surgeon general and US Transportation/ Air Mobility Command(s) surgeon respectively, say that once aeromedical evacuation forces are withdrawn, transportation for any United Nations or Allied personnel will be arranged by the US Department of State. As of mid-February, 805 patients had been transported from Somalia in 116 aeromedical missions, with the main patient categories being orthopedic (315), medical (155),
Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs: An Encyclopedia of Adverse Reactions and Interactions
Authors: A. O. Elkhawad
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<i>Meyler's Side Effects of Drugs</i>is a well-produced book and is one of the best resources on adverse reactions and interactions of drugs. As indicated in the preface, it is written for the clinician and the medical investigator. The contents consist of 51 chapters of therapeutically or pharmacologically related drugs. Each chapter is presented in the form of a monograph, with special emphasis on adverse reactions, risk situations, and interactions. The book is written by 60 contributors and has one editor and nine coeditors for the different sections. Almost all therapeutic drugs as well as social drugs are covered. I find the system of references novel. Among the interesting features are dual indexes, one for drugs and another for side effects. A list of the National Centers for Adverse Reaction Monitoring is included, with addresses and telephone numbers. Each paper reference indicates whether the original paper discusses the point in
Mind Matters — Group Therapy and Survival in Breast Cancer
Authors: David Spiegel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

How much does mind matter in the outcome of cancer? The extent to which treatment of the emotional aspects of cancer affects disease progression is ultimately an empirical question. There are those who believe that controlling cancer requires a simple exertion of mind over matter, but that one might cure cancer in the body by vanquishing it in the mind is clearly wishful thinking. Indeed, the popular psychological notion that you get cancer because of some deep emotional need for it has needlessly made many patients with cancer feel guilty.Others say that the mind has no role at all: . . .
Associations of Gestational Age and Intrauterine Growth With Systolic Blood Pressure in a Family-Based Study of 386 485 Men in 331 089 Families
Authors: Debbie A. Lawlor, Anna Hübinette, Per Tynelius, David A. Leon, George Davey Smith, Finn Rasmussen
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— We conducted a family-based study to explore mechanisms underlying the associations of birth weight and gestational age with systolic blood pressure measured at 17 to 19 years of age. Methods and Results— A record linkage study of 386 485 singleton-born men from 331 089 families was undertaken. Birth weight was inversely associated with systolic blood pressure within siblings, with a mean difference (adjusted for age at examination, examination center, and year of examination) within siblings per 1-SD difference in birth weight of −0.21 mm Hg (95% CI, −0.33 to −0.08) and between nonsiblings of −0.12 (95% CI, −0.16 to −0.08). Gestational age was inversely associated with systolic blood pressure within siblings (−0.18 mm Hg; 95% CI, −0.25 to −0.11, per week of gestational age) and between nonsiblings (−0.26 mm Hg; 95% CI, −0.29 to −0.24). Adjustment for socioeconomic position and maternal characteristics did not alter these within- or between-family associations. Furthermore, the associations were not affected by adjustment for paternal height, body mass index, or systolic blood pressure. Conclusions— Our present findings suggest that the inverse associations of birth weight and gestational age with systolic blood pressure are not explained by confounding resulting from family socioeconomic position or other factors that are shared by siblings. Variations in maternal metabolic or vascular health during pregnancy or placental implantation and function may explain these associations.
Latex allergy in Saudi children with spina bifida
Authors: H Kattan, Ha Harfi, P Tipirneni
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Background : Children with spina bifida (SB) are exposed to latex soon after birth during bladder catheterization, rectal disimpaction, and multiple surgical procedures. IgE‐mediated latex‐allergic reactions have been reported recently in these children. Our study was designed to assess the prevalence of allergic reactions to latex products in a group of Saudi Arabian children with SB in a tertiary care hospital. Methods : Fifty‐nine patients, aged 1–20 years, with SB were evaluated by a questionnaire on type of latex reactions; family and personal history of other allergic disorders, such as asthma, rhinitis, and urticaria; type and number of surgical procedures; and frequency of bladder catheterization and manipulation with latex materials. Confirmation of latex sensitivity was measured by skin prick test (SPT), CAP test, and latex skin challenge. Results : Allergy to latex was detected in 25% of the study group. There was a significant variation in allergic reaction by sex (males 42%, females 12%) ( P &lt;0.01), use of catheters (yes 38%, no 13%) ( P &lt;0.05), and urologic surgery (yes 60%, no 18%) ( P &lt;0.01). The number of surgical procedures, age of patient, and V–P shunt were not significantly related to allergic reactions. Conclusions : Our findings support previous studies indicating a high prevalence of latex allergy among SB patients. The CAP test was a more sensitive measure of latex allergy in SB patients than SPT or latex challenge. There was significant correlation with urologic procedures and the use of urethral catheters.
Artificial ventilation for neurological disease
Authors: J G Douglas, R J Fergusson, G K Crompton, I W B Grant
Journal: BMJ (1983)

of luteinising hormone and follicle stimulating hormone to their releasing hormone.In any case the endocrinological abnorma- lities which Dr Young and others describe are not specific and could not be used to form the basis of "a more precise and objective" diagnosis of idiopathic oedema.
Serum Sickness in a Patient With Follicular Lymphoma After Rituximab and Radioimmunotherapy With Ibritumomab Tiuxetan
Authors: Nicholas A. DeMonaco, Samuel A. Jacobs
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

A previously healthy 47-year-old woman was treated for follicular lymphoma, grade III, with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine, prednisone with rituximab (CHOP-R) followed by ibritumomab tiuxetan and rituximab. She developed a serum sickness-like illness during immunotherapy with fever, myalgias, arthralgias, and pleural and pericardial effusions. Despite anti-inflammatory therapies her symptoms persisted for 10 months before ultimate resolution. Her clinical course and literature are reviewed.
Abstract 4570: Role of ERRalpha in ovarian cancer
Authors: Ellen V. Stevens, Regina Whitaker, Audrey Guinet, Ching-Yi Chang, Carole Grenier, Jeffrey Marks, Donald P. McDonnell, Susan K. Murphy, Andrew Berchuck, Stephanie Gaillard
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Objective. The estrogen receptor-related receptor-alpha (ERRα, encoded by ESRRA) has emerged as a key transcriptional regulator of mitochondrial function and has been implicated as a prognostic marker in many cancers, including epithelial ovarian cancer. ERRα has shown promise as a therapeutic target in breast cancer where ERRα transcriptional activity regulates growth of breast cancer cells. This study aims to evaluate whether ERRα expression in ovarian cancer correlates with patient outcomes, determine the effect of inhibiting ERRα transcriptional activity on ovarian cancer cell growth, and identify molecular signaling pathways regulated by ERRα in ovarian cancer cells. Methods. Affymetrix U133A gene expression microarray analysis from frozen tumor specimens of serous epithelial ovarian cancer was used to compare ESRRA transcripts levels in patients with short-term (&amp;lt;3 years) verses long-term survival (&amp;gt;7 years). ESRRA transcript levels were also measured in normal ovarian surface and fallopian tube epithelial tissues. Protein expression levels were assessed in ovarian cancer cell lines and patient tumor samples. Overall survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier Method. The effect of ERRα inhibition on proliferation and anchorage-independent growth was determined after treatment with the ERRα antagonist, XCT790. The activity of 49 different phospho-receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) was analyzed after down-regulation of ERRα with shRNA. Results. ESRRA expression was significantly higher in cancer tissues verses normal ovarian surface and fallopian tube epithelial tissues. Expression was also higher in patients with short-term versus long-term survival. Inhibition of ERRα with XCT790 led to a &amp;gt;50% reduction in proliferation and anchorage-independent growth. The induced knockdown of ERRα decreased the phosphorylation of RTKs, including HER2, suggesting that important growth promoting pathways are downstream of ERRα. Conclusions. In this study we determined that higher expression of ESRRA correlates with worse survival in ovarian cancer patients. However, inhibition of ERRα results in decreased growth potential. This effect may be manifest through the regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase activity. Thus, ERRα may be an important therapeutic target for the treatment of ovarian cancer and warrants future studies to determine the role of ERRα regulated signaling networks in ovarian oncogenesis. Citation Format: Ellen V. Stevens, Regina Whitaker, Audrey Guinet, Ching-Yi Chang, Carole Grenier, Jeffrey Marks, Donald P. McDonnell, Susan K. Murphy, Andrew Berchuck, Stephanie Gaillard. Role of ERRalpha in ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4570. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4570
Great ape communication: Cognitive and evolutionary approaches
Authors: Anne E. Russon, David R. Begun
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

There are good arguments for examining great ape communicative achievements for what they contribute to our understanding of great ape cognition and its evolution (Russon &amp; Begun, in press a). Our concern is whether Shanker &amp; King's (S&amp;K's) thesis advances communication studies from a broader cognitive and evolutionary perspective.
Cell polarity-determining proteins Par-3 and PP-1 are involved in epithelial tight junction defects in coeliac disease
Authors: Michael Schumann, Dorothee Günzel, Nataly Buergel, Jan F Richter, Hanno Troeger, Claudia May, Anja Fromm, Detlef Sorgenfrei, Severin Daum, Christian Bojarski, Martine Heyman, Martin Zeitz, Michael Fromm, Joerg-Dieter Schulzke
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Epithelial barrier defects are well known in coeliac disease, but the mechanisms are only poorly defined. It is unclear, whether barrier disturbance reflects upregulated epithelial transcytosis or paracellular leakage. <h3>Objective</h3> To characterise the molecular structure and function of the epithelial tight junction (TJ) and mechanisms of its dysregulation. <h3>Methods</h3> Molecular analysis of proteins involved in TJ assembly and their regulation was performed by western blotting and confocal microscopy correlated to electrophysiology. <h3>Results</h3> A complex alteration of the composition of epithelial TJ proteins (with more pore-forming claudins like claudin-2 and a reduction in tightening claudins like claudin-3, -5 and -7) was found for protein expression and subcellular localisation, responsible for an increase in paracellular biotin-NHS uptake. In contrast, epithelial apoptosis was only moderately elevated (accounting for a minor portion of barrier defects) and epithelial gross lesions—for example, at cell extrusion zones, were absent. This TJ alteration was linked to an altered localisation/expression of proteins regulating TJ assembly, the polarity complex protein Par-3 and the serine-/threonine phosphatase PP-1. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Changes in cell polarity proteins Par-3 and PP-1 are associated with altered expression and assembly of TJ proteins claudin-2, -3, -5 and -7 and ZO-1, causing paracellular leakage in active coeliac disease.
Opportunistic Infections and Immune Deficiency in Homosexual Men
Authors: DONNA MILDVAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

A syndrome of opportunistic infections and acquired immune deficiency occurred among four previously healthy homosexual men. Fever, leukopenia, and diminished delayed hypersensitivity were accompanied by various degrees of proctitis, perianal ulcerations, and lymphadenopathy. The infectious agents included Pneumocystis carinii, Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, herpes simplex virus, and cytomegalovirus. The immune deficiency was characterized as a persistent and profound selective decrease in the function as well as number of T lymphocytes of the helper/inducer subset and a possible activation of the suppressor/cytotoxic subset. Three patients died despite aggressive anti-infective therapy.