tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1374: Synthetic heparan sulfate oligosaccharides inhibit endothelial cell functions essential for angiogenesis
Authors: Egle Avizienyte, Claire L. Cole, Steen U. Hansen, Marek Barath, Graham Rushton, John M. Gardiner, Gordon C. Jayson
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Heparan sulfate (HS), a linear glycosaminoglycan, is an essential structural component required for the activity of numerous angiogenic cytokine-receptor signalling complexes. To exploit the potential of inhibiting HS-dependent signalling complexes we synthesized a series of heparan sulfate oligosaccharides containing up to 12 saccharide residues with variable but defined sulfation patterns. The ability of oligosaccharides to compete with HS in FGF2, VEGF and IL-8 binding significantly increased with the length of oligosaccharides and especially with additional sulfate groups incorporated at specific positions in the hexuronic acid and glucosamine. In this competition assay, oligosaccharides exhibited higher levels of inhibition of FGF2 binding to HS than of VEGF and IL-8 binding to HS. Correspondingly, the inhibitory potential of oligosaccharides against FGF2-, VEGF- and IL-8-mediated endothelial cell responses was greater in longer species of oligosaccharides that bore more sulfate residues. Oligosaccharides inhibited cytokine-induced endothelial cell migration to the same extent as kinase inhibitors targeting FGF receptors or VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2). In contrast, FGF2-induced endothelial cell proliferation was only inhibited when cells were treated with an oligosaccharide composed of 12 saccharide residues at a concentration that significantly exceeded that of the FGFR inhibitor suggesting that oligosaccharides mainly interfere with the migration, but not proliferation of endothelial cells. The ability of oligosaccharides to target endothelial cell migration correlated with their ability to ablate FGF2- or VEGF-induced accumulation of activated peripheral FAK-pY397 and actin polymerization at the cell periphery. More importantly, there was a strong correlation between oligosaccharide structure and the level of inhibition of endothelial tube formation. Correlating with the biological activity of oligosaccharides, FGF2- and VEGF-induced downstream signalling events were sensitive to the treatment with biologically active oligosaccharides that specifically reduced FRS2, VEGFR2, ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation. In conclusion, we have determined the critical number of HS saccharide residues and sulfation pattern required to inhibit endothelial cell responses to key angiogenic cytokines. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1374.
Practical help in multiple sclerosis.
Authors: S Milward
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Twenty six years ago I developed multiple sclerosis, and I have been fortunate in having available many pieces of equipment. All these have helped me to live as full a life as possible. At the start of disability a comfortable walking stick is essential. When I had to retire from general practice this was followed by a self propelling lightweight Zimmer wheelchair, which we bought. It was more comfortable and manoeuvrable than any available through the National Health Service. At this time swimming improved my muscle tone enormously, and I swam daily. For some years I used a three wheeled Batric chair for walks across relatively rough ground, as far as two to three miles daily. When my arms became weak I progressed to a hand controlled electric wheelchair by Bee, which enabled me to go round our large Victorian house and round the garden. This is an excellent machine, compact and easy to control. When I could no longer use my hands I sought the advice of the occupational therapy department at Farnham Park Rehabilitation Centre. They suggested a chin controlled model. A chair made by Vessa and obtained from E S Richens of Oxford was adapted to accommodate my particular needs. It is a multipurpose chair, with two large batteries enabling me to drive outside, and can also instantly be converted into a pushing chair. I have just had fitted an alternative control and now the chair can be driven by an attendant walking beside or behind it. This was made by Mr Stan Cross of CABE Lectronics. Thirteen years ago we were given, on permanent loan, an adapted Mini with a ramp, in which I travel for distances of up to 20 miles?for example, for trips to the theatre, shopping, going out to dinner, etc.
Case 61-1961
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. Kibbee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

Presentation of Case A three-month-old female infant was brought to the hospital because of bladder obstruction. The patient was the product of a normal pregnancy and delivery. She was described as large and puffy at birth; the birth weight was 9 1/2 pounds. Growth and development were considered normal, and she was asymptomatic until ten days before admission, when the acute onset of fever, vomiting and abdominal pain and distention occurred. Examination at another hospital revealed a tender, cystic mass in the right lower quadrant; the hemoglobin was 10.2 gm. per 100 ml., the white-cell count was 14,900, and the . . .
Right to choose?
Authors: L. Farrell
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The Republic of Ireland is grappling with its demons again. Through a high court judgment, information on abortion--including prices--will now be available through the family doctor service. However, as in Northern Ireland (ironically, just about the only issue on which all political parties concur), abortion itself will still not be available and both sides will continue to export this problem to Britain.

It is easy to be cynical, to ridicule Ireland for its hypocrisy, but this is unworthy and unfair. We are dealing with such a fundamental ethical issue that some degree of moral ambiguity is inevitable, and it is the sign of a mature society that we are prepared to display our wounds in public.

The anguished debate …
REAR LIGHTS ON VEHICLES
Authors: H. E. B. Bruce-Porter
Journal: BMJ (1907)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <h3>Objective:</h3> The objective of this study was to validate the immunohistochemical assay for the diagnosis of nondystrophic myotonia and to provide full clarification of clinical disease to patients in whom basic genetic testing has failed to do so. <h3>Methods:</h3> An immunohistochemical assay of sarcolemmal chloride channel abundance using 2 different ClC1-specific antibodies. <h3>Results:</h3> This method led to the identification of new mutations, to the reclassification of W118G in <i>CLCN1</i> as a moderately pathogenic mutation, and to confirmation of recessive (Becker) myotonia congenita in cases when only one recessive <i>CLCN1</i> mutation had been identified by genetic testing. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> We have developed a robust immunohistochemical assay that can detect loss of sarcolemmal ClC-1 protein on muscle sections. This in combination with gene sequencing is a powerful approach to achieving a final diagnosis of nondystrophic myotonia.
Risk assessment and lipid modification for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: summary of NICE guidance
Authors: Angela Cooper, Norma O’Flynn
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United Kingdom. Randomised controlled trials have shown benefit from modifying risk factors in people at risk of developing cardiovascular disease and in those who have evidence of established disease. Currently patients are often assessed opportunistically and treated on the basis of individual clinical or laboratory results rather than on their overall level of risk of developing cardiovascular disease. This article summarises the most recent recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) on the effective identification and assessment of people at risk of cardiovascular disease, and on the modification of lipids in primary and secondary prevention. The detailed consideration of the evidence is available in the full guideline (www.nice.org.uk/ CG67).1 NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the guideline development group’s opinion of what constitutes good practice. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italic in square brackets. ### Identifying those at risk of cardiovascular disease for primary prevention
Antibody-mediated blockade of phosphatidylserine enhances the anti-tumor activity of targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors by affecting myeloid and lymphocyte populations in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Adam Yopp, Nikoletta Kallinteris, Xianming Huang, Joe Shan, Kerstin Menander, Bruce Freimark, Jeff Hutchins, Steve King, Dmitry I Gabrilovich, Rolf Brekken
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts The underlying cause for the failure of immune checkpoint blockade is the overwhelming, persistent and multifocal immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment. This is due to the absence of pre-existing antitumor Teff because of the action of important upstream immune
James Harper Milligan
Authors: Don Milligan
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<i>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</i> Recently, the diagnostic and therapeutic importance of repeat radiologic imaging in stroke patients has been questioned. The aim of this study was to show the therapeutic and diagnostic consequences of both repeat brain imaging and follow-up vascular imaging in this group of patients. <i>METHODS:</i> Neuroradiologic images and reports as well as clinical records of 317 patients (209 men and 108 women; mean age, 63 years) were reviewed retrospectively to determine the number of modifications made to the diagnosis and therapeutic regimen and to the classification of neuroradiologic findings. <i>RESULTS:</i> Two hundred thirty-eight repeat imaging procedures were performed in 171 patients. Of these, 76 were vascular imaging examinations (11 CT angiograms, 13 MR angiograms, 52 digital subtraction angiograms) and 162 were cross-sectional brain imaging studies (54 MR images, 108 CT scans). Forty of the 76 vascular imaging procedures and 77 of the 162 repeat cross-sectional brain imaging studies led to important diagnostic modifications with consequences for the patients9 therapy and prognosis. <i>CONCLUSION:</i> Our study establishes that vascular imaging methods as well as cross-sectional brain imaging used as repeat imaging procedures in stroke patients can have important diagnostic and therapeutic consequences. We believe that repeat imaging in selected subgroups will be cost-effective.
P188 A HIGH-THROUGHPUT HDV INFECTION MODEL SYSTEM FOR SCREENING OF ANTIVIRALS AND HOST-TARGETING COMPOUNDS
Authors: E.R. Verrier, R.G. Tawar, C. Schuster, L. Brino, C. Bach, L. Heydmann, F. Habersetzer, M. Doffoel, J. Mckeating, C. Sureau, M.B. Zeisel, T.F. Baumert
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Ultrastructural Appearances of Tumours: A Diagnostic Atlas
Authors: Ashton B. Morrison
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This book is written for the surgical pathologist. It succinctly outlines in picture and text how ultrastructural study of a tumor may help in those circumstances where light microscopy alone does not permit its classification. The authors rigorously confine their treatment of the subject to this aim and have contributed an excellent addition to the pathologist's library. The first 50 or so pages are taken up with a review of the ultrastructural features that might be found in any neoplasm. As the authors clearly indicate, neoplastic cells may show no significant ultrastructural changes from normal cells, and this point is well emphasized in those 50-odd pages. They make their position known in words that deserve quotation: "The criteria for the detection of neoplastic disease and the determination of malignant behaviour are still best assessed by light microscopy. Electron microscopy has little to add to this initial phase of evaluation." The
AUTOSERUM TREATMENT OF PNEUMOCOCCUS MENINGITIS COMPLICATED BY SYPHILIS
Authors: WILL S. HORN
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Intraspinal injection of autoserum has recently been used with considerable success in the treatment of pneumococcus meningitis; 1 but references in the literature 2 warn against its use in cases complicated by syphilis, for fear of spreading this disease to the meninges. This caution seems to be founded on premature judgment, for the patient with syphilis who develops a secondary meningitis may be safely and wisely so treated by combining the autoserum with arsphenamin in the form of modified Swift-Ellis treatment.  REPORT OF CASE  History.  —G. H. S., an American farmer, aged 22, married, entered the hospital, Feb. 22, 1920, complaining of headache, vomiting and fever. Two weeks before, he had had influenza complicated by influenzal pneumonia, but for three or four days had been up and around the house. Twenty-four hours before admission, he began to ache all over, and had a severe headache, high fever, rigidity of the
The Electrocardiographic Pentalogy of Pulmonary Emphysema
Authors: R. H. WASSERBURGER, J. R. KELLY, H. K. RASMUSSEN, JOHN H. JUHL, C. J. Lloyd, H. Bauers
Journal: Circulation (1959)

The clinical applicability of the routine electrocardiogram and the chest roentgenogram in assessing advanced pulmonary emphysema is shown by a correlative study on 150 adults with moderately severe and severe pulmonary emphysema determined by pulmonary function studies. From these data a rather uniform electrocardiographic pattern has emerged entitled "the electrocardiographic pentalogy of pulmonary emphysema" which by itself suggests the presence of an advanced emphysematous state.
Selective vitamin D receptor activation with paricalcitol for reduction of albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes (VITAL study): a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Dick de Zeeuw, Rajiv Agarwal, Michael Amdahl, Paul Audhya, Daniel Coyne, Tushar Garimella, Hans-Henrik Parving, Yili Pritchett, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Eberhard Ritz, Dennis Andress
Journal: The Lancet (2010)
Tetrahydrouridine, cytidine analogues, and hemoglobin F
Authors: Joseph Desimone, Paul Heller, Robert E. Molokie, Lemuel Hall, David Zwiers
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract 5‐Azacytidine (azaC) has previously been shown to raise Hb F levels in the repeatedly phlebotomized baboon (PCV: around 20%). The administration of tetrahydrouridine (THU), an inhibitor of the enzymatic conversion of azaC to 5‐azauridine, made it possible to reduce the amount of azaC and also of 2‐deoxy‐5‐azacytidine (d‐azaC) by more than 90% and still achieve maximal Hb F elevations. However, the granulocytopenia, usually occurring after 5‐azaC, was not altered by the lowering of the dosages in the presence of THU. Thus, the granulocytopenia is not due to 5‐azauridine or other catabolic products resulting from deamination. It is also unlikely that it is caused by a direct influence of azaC on RNA since d‐azaC also causes granulocytopenia. The persistence of reticulocytosis throughout the treatment with azaC or d‐azaC makes it appear likely that the observed increase in Hb F levels to more than 60% of total hemoglobin is not due to a cytotoxic effect on erythropoiesis resulting in a shift of cell populations toward greater immaturity, but to a direct influence of the drug on the regulation of γ globin chain production.
Decision Making at the Time of ICD Generator Change
Authors: Krystina B. Lewis, Pablo B. Nery, David H. Birnie
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Nicole R. Fowler, PhD, MHSA; Kim G. Johnson, MD; Jie Li, MS; Charity G. Moore, PhD; Samir Saba, MD; Oscar L. Lopez, MD; Amber E. Barnato, MD, MPH, MS
Fifty Years in a Mental Hospital
Authors: Charles A. Robbins
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The article "Fifty Years in a Mental Hospital" by Smith et al, in the Sept 1 issue ofThe Journal(<b>181</b>:750), was extremely accurate and well done. The article states that "the direct expense to the state for the care of these 47 patients during the period of their hospitalization was over three million dollars." I would like to point out that many of these patients contribute anywhere from 20 to 40 hours of productive work each week in the hospitals. When one balances the cost of the minimum care that these sturdy people require, against the dollars worth of labor they contribute without pay, I wager that the taxpayers come out a couple of million dollars ahead! Many of these people are the best bargains that the taxpayers have. The article states that "their average age was 81 years, but 35 were still working or
Digestible Bread and Newspaper Fakes
Authors: Leigh Mitchell Hodges
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor</h3> —In your issue of February 15, under the title "Digestible Bread and Newspaper Fakes," you publish an editorial in which you implicate the<i>North American</i>as the medium and myself as the author of a "fraudulent claim" and "misguiding pronouncement" in connection with my article of January 6 concerning Mrs. Lydia Coale Sharpless' method of bread-making. I cannot allow your reflection on my integrity to pass unchallenged. Before writing the article in question, I discussed every phase of the matter with Dr. Edward Tyson Reichert, professor of physiology in the Medical School of the University of Pennsylvania, whose standing in the profession is, I am told, very high. I based my technical statements on information he gave me, and to insure that degree of accuracy with which I invariably seek to accompany every article written by me, whether signed or unsigned, I read to Dr. Reichert the
Court Backs States on Abortion
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1989)

UPHOLDING a Missouri law that places significant restrictions on the circumstances under which abortions may be performed, the US Supreme Court has taken a major step toward making it easier for individual states to impose restrictions on a woman's right to abortion. At the same time, the court backed away from overturning the historic<i>Roe v Wade</i>decision of 1973 that legalized abortion in the United States—a course urged by the Bush Administration— and looked to future cases. The ruling came on the final day of the court's term as it handed down its opinion in the case of<i>Webster v Reproductive Health Services</i>. The court was asked to rule on the constitutionality of a Missouri law, passed in 1986 but never implemented, that restricted the use of public funds and facilities for performing abortions. The restriction extended even to women who were willing to pay for the abortion if
An Ancient Manuscript.
Authors: H. S. Anders
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Philadelphia, Aug. 9, 1897.  To the Editor:  —I take it that nearly all physicians, and surely all the members of theAmerican Medical Association, are interested in matters pertaining to our profession, be their source ever so indirect or remote.  It has seemed to me quite worth while to bring to the notice of the readers of theJournalwho are not already acquainted with the extraordinary find of Messrs. Grenfell and Hunt in Egypt last January, this item through your kindness. The discovery is that of a piece of papyrus containing in the Greek text eight unrecorded sayings or logia of Christ. The fifth saying has two gaps, rendering it incomplete; the eighth saying is not decipherable. Each saying begins with the words unk unk —Jesus saith. Historic and archeologic critics and authorities seem to agree in believing that the logia are genuine, and the work of a transcriber
ITPA genotyping test does not improve detection of Crohn's disease patients at risk of azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine induced myelosuppression
Authors: D Allorge
Journal: Gut (2005)

The thiopurine drugs azathioprine (AZA) and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) are effective for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and their prescription is increasing. Haematotoxicity, which can lead to potentially life threatening bone marrow suppression, represents the most serious side effect of thiopurine therapy. It has been attributed to the accumulation of active cytotoxic metabolites of AZA/6-MP, collectively called 6-thioguanine nucleotides, resulting from a deficiency in thiopurine catabolism specifically catalysed by the thiopurine S -methyltransferase (TPMT) enzyme. Genotyping tests are now available to identify deficient and intermediate methylators who are, respectively, homozygous and heterozygous for non-functional alleles of the TPMT gene. As pointed out by Lennard in the leading article ( Gut 2002; 51 :143–6), it is clear that myelosuppression may be caused by other factors in addition to variable TPMT.

Since the identification of the molecular …
BLOODLESS PERINEAL PROSTATECTOMY UNDER LOCAL ANESTHESIA.
Authors: MARTIN B. TINKER
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The problem of prostatic hypertrophy, even with the many resources recently introduced and developed, still offers in certain cases many difficulties in its solution. Patients are practically always of advanced age, weakened through pain and loss of sleep for months, and are very unfavorable subjects for any anesthetic or any form of treatment. Catheterization is often difficult and even when easy it is almost impossible to teach the average patient the details of aseptic catheter technic, and to impress him with the importance of its careful observance. Comparatively few patients survive catheter life for many years, and the development of more or less severe cystitis, with its dangers and discomforts, is the rule. Even if the patient gets on with the catheter with comparative comfort, it is not difficult to understand how irksome it must be to depend on the catheter constantly. The Bottini operation has not been without a
Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Metabolic Disease and Nutrition: Disorders of Bone and Mineral Metabolism
Authors: Frederick R. Singer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine1 February 1993Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Metabolic Disease and Nutrition: Disorders of Bone and Mineral MetabolismFrederick R. Singer, MDFrederick R. Singer, MDCedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-3-199302010-00047 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Disorders of Bone and Mineral MetabolismFredric L. Coe and Murray J. Favus; eds. 1118 pages. New York: Raven Press; 1992. $195.00.Medical practitioners increasingly see patients who have bone and mineral disorders. This increase is a consequence of multiple factors including the longer life span of our population, the increasing use of drugs detrimental to bone and kidney, and the availability of new technologies such as bone densitometry, which have made earlier diagnosis possible. Coe and Favus, both outstanding medical investigators and experienced clinicians, have edited the second major textbook in this field. They have enlisted an excellent group of experts ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1993Volume 118, Issue 3Page: 238-239KeywordsBoneDensitometryHistomorphometryKidney stonesKidneysLibrariesMetabolic disordersNutritional deficienciesRenal analysisRenal diseases Issue Published: 1 February 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Effects of bile acids and taurine on the lipid fluidity of hepatic microsomes in normal and bile duct-ligated rats — A spin label study
Authors: Toshiaki Nakashima, Toshihide Shima, Yoshikuni Sakamoto, Toshikazu Nakajima, Yoshifumi Seto, Atsushi Sano, Masaki Iwai, Takeshi Okanoue, Kei Kashima
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1993)