tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract IA11: The St. Jude Children's Research Hospital - Washington University Pediatric Cancer Genome Project: Lessons learned
Authors: James R. Downing
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract In January of 2010, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital and The Genome Institute at the Washington University announced the launch of the Pediatric Cancer Genome Project (PCGP), a three year, $65 million privately funded initiative. The stated goal of this effort was to obtain 30-fold haploid coverage of the whole genome of 600 pediatric tumors and matched non-tumor germ line DNA samples (1200 total genomes), and to analyze these data in order to define the landscape of somatic mutations that underlie the major subtypes of pediatric leukemia, brain tumors, and solid malignancies. The initial phase of this project was completed in February of this year with over 700 pediatric cancers analyzed (1400 genomes). This effort has produced fundamental insights into each of the pediatric cancer subtypes sequenced. Not only has the data defined the spectrum of mutations that underlying specific pediatric cancers, but for some of the diseases analyzed, we have identified new prognostic markers and/or therapeutic targets. The effort has led to the generation of an incredibly rich data source that should serve the scientific community for years to come. Based on the success of PCGP, we have begun a $30 million second phase of the project (PCGP Phase II) that will be completed in a two year timeframe. In this second phase, we will focus not only on discovery science, but also on the establishing the technologies, analytical tools, and medical interface needed to move genome-wide sequence analyses into the diagnostic work up of pediatric cancer patients. In this talk, I will present an overview of this project and highlight some of the important results that have emerged. Citation Format: James R. Downing. The St. Jude Children's Research Hospital - Washington University Pediatric Cancer Genome Project: Lessons learned. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pediatric Cancer at the Crossroads: Translating Discovery into Improved Outcomes; Nov 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;74(20 Suppl):Abstract nr IA11.
Complement Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: J. M. B. Versey, J. R. Hobbs, P. J. L. Holt
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1973)

DR. POND Certainly, in the longest surviving dogs, they were always seen together.In the shorter surviving dogs, in which we saw more of the acellular areas and no gross fibrillation, the menisci were sometimes intact and some- times not.There seemed to be no particular correlation in the early changes.DR. A. G. S. HILL (Stoke Mandeville) I think a fair number of us have been puzzled by the mechanism of osteophyte formation.Did you do any early studies just of the edge of the joint to see what the initial changes were?DR.POND We looked at a large number of serial sec- tions of the osteophytes as they developed and the findings were very interesting, but these points will have to be investigated further before any conclusion can be made.
Unsuspected osteomyelitis in diabetic foot ulcers. Diagnosis and monitoring by leukocyte scanning with indium in 111 oxyquinoline
Authors: L. G. Newman
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The prevalence of osteomyelitis in diabetic foot ulcers is unknown. Early diagnosis of this infection is critical, as prompt antibiotic treatment decreases the rate of amputation. We therefore assessed the prevalence of osteomyelitis in 35 diabetic patients with 41 foot ulcers. We compared results of roentgenograms, leukocyte scans with indium In 111 oxyquinoline, and bone scans with the diagnostic criterion standards of bone histologic and culture findings. Leukocyte scans were repeated at 2- to 3-week intervals during antibiotic treatment.Cohort study.Institutional and private, ambulatory and hospitalized patients.Consecutive sample of 54 diabetic patients. Thirty-five patients with 41 foot ulcers were included.As determined by bone biopsy and culture, osteomyelitis was found to underlie 28 (68%) of 41 diabetic foot ulcers. Only nine (32%) of the 28 cases were diagnosed clinically by the referring physician. Underscoring the clinically silent nature of osteomyelitis in these ulcers, 19 (68%) of 28 occurred in outpatients, 19 (68%) of 28 occurred in ulcers not exposing bone, and 18 (64%) of 28 had no evidence of inflammation on physical examination. All patients with ulcers that exposed bone had osteomyelitis. Of the imaging tests, the leukocyte scan had the highest sensitivity, 89%. In patients with osteomyelitis, the leukocyte scan image intensity decreased by 16 to 34 days of antibiotic treatment and normalized by 36 to 54 days.The majority of diabetic foot ulcers have an underlying osteomyelitis that is clinically unsuspected. Leukocyte scans are highly sensitive for diagnosing osteomyelitis in diabetic foot ulcers and may be useful for monitoring the efficacy of antibiotic treatment. We recommend that diabetic patients with foot ulcers that expose bone should be treated for osteomyelitis. Diabetic patients with foot ulcers that do not expose bone should undergo leukocyte scanning, which eliminates the risk of bone biopsy in diagnosing osteomyelitis and allows for the diagnosis and treatment of this well-known but often silent precursor of lower extremity amputation.
Restricting dietary carbohydrate versus increasing physical activity in tackling obesity
Authors: J. C. Peters, J. O. Hill
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Taubes’s portrayal of “energy balance” is inaccurate.1 2 Because the energy balance is a dynamic model—with interactions between energy intake, energy expenditure, and energy storage—it is not useful to ask questions like “is it carbohydrates or calories?” The best diet for managing weight depends on the level and nature of energy expenditure and the size and composition of energy stores. Current science suggests that …
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN EXPERIMENTAL METRAZOL CONVULSIONS IN MONKEYS
Authors: SILVANO ARIETI
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1941)

In five monkeys, studied after a number of metrazol-induced convulsions it was observed that: 1. Histopathological changes in the central nervous system are not always present. When they occur they are not proportional to the number of convulsions, to the dosage of the drug or to the duration of the seizures. 2. The alterations, if found, are very mild, considerably milder than the ones described after insulin treatment. They consist of small groups of cells which present acute degenerative changes or at times the severe type of degeneration described by Nissl. 3. In two cases examined with the Pick-worth method anemia of external cortical layers, anemic and hyperemic foci in the inner areas or generalized breaking up of the capillary blood columns network were observed. 4. These vascular modifications appear to be of functional character and do not seem to be responsible for the cellular lesions inasmuch as they are not generally accompanied by nerve cell changes. 5. Interstitial and parenchymatous nephritis was always found and the question of its possible relationship to some pre-existing pathological conditions aggravated by the metrazol, is raised. 6. A pigment, which gives no Prussian blue or Gmelin reaction was noted in the liver in 4 of the 5 cases examined.
From the bench to the bedside: ways to improve rituximab efficacy
Authors: Guillaume Cartron, Hervé Watier, Josée Golay, Philippe Solal-Celigny
Journal: Blood (2004)

Abstract Rituximab (MabThera, Rituxan) is a chimeric IgG1 monoclonal antibody that specifically targets the CD20 surface antigen expressed on normal and neoplastic B-lymphoid cells. Rituximab is currently used in the treatment of both follicular and aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Despite its demonstrated clinical effectiveness, its in vivo mechanisms of action remain unknown and could differ by subtype of lymphoma. Rituximab has been shown to induce apoptosis, complement-mediated lysis, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in vitro, and some evidence points toward an involvement of these mechanisms in vivo. Rituximab also has a delayed therapeutic effect as well as a potential “vaccinal” effect. Here, we review the current understanding of the mechanism of action of rituximab and discuss approaches that could increase its clinical activity. A better understanding of how rituximab acts in vivo should make it possible to develop new and more effective therapeutic strategies. (Blood. 2004;104:2635-2642)
FLIES AND OTHER INSECTS AS CARRIERS OF INFECTION
Authors: W. Nicoll
Journal: BMJ (1912)

WHIIETHER tle reduicinig substance be dextrose, saccliarose, pyrocatechin, or a. mucinoid matters not for the purpose of this slhort paper.There is in nornial cer'cb:o-spinial fluid a clhemical substance wlhich reduces Fellliog's solution, antnd tllis is absent in some cases of meningitis and present in otlhers.There appears in the literatlnre of the subjept considerable confusion as to the cases in which it is present or absent, and considerable uncertainity as, to its value.'My oiwn experience, based, it' is true, on only a smnall ninuiber of cases,I'has ie'd ii'c t' a definitLe'conclusion' -o this stubject, and I consider, such examination to be of definite value.The metllod adopted is to boil together equal portions of cerebro-spinal fluid and Felbling's soluition in a narrow test ttube and allow-it to rest in a sloping position.In the
J. A. Ogden "Skeletal Injury in the Child"
Authors: M. J. Allen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1983)

Children's fractures are common and the number of text books specifically dealing with such injuries few in number.This is a comprehensive book which deals with the subject in great detail and in so doing consists of 650 pages.Each chapter ends with a comprehensive list of references.The book is split into two sections.The first section deals with the general principles of bone development, bone injury and bone repair.It also deals with the general principles of radiology of bone injury in children.The second section deals with specific injuries on an anatomical basis.Throughout the text the standard of radiographic examples is excellent as are the line drawings.The text is dealt with in the greatest detail with great accuracy.When dealing with specific injuries each chapter is broken down into the anatomy of the area under discussion followed by a detailed discussion of each particular injury.Each particular injury is discussed from the point of view of aetiology of the injury, classification of the injury, pathomechanics, diagnosis, treatment and complications of that injury making dear reading.In summary an excellent and very detailed book.It is a must for libraries as a reference book but in view of its price and very detailed approach, will only appeal to a few orthopaedic consultants for personal use.
Coordinate defects in human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen class II expression and antigen presentation in bare lymphocyte syndrome.
Authors: S Kovats, S Drover, W H Marshall, D Freed, P E Whiteley, G T Nepom, J S Blum
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

The human immunodeficiency, type II bare lymphocyte syndrome (BLS), has been attributed to a defect in the transcription of class II histocompatibility genes. Immunocompetence, as assessed by functional exogenous antigen presentation, was not restored in immortalized B cells, derived from a BLS patient, after transfection with HLA-DR class II structural genes. Incubation of protein antigens, as well as infectious virus, with DR-transfected BLS cells failed to induce activation of antigen-specific helper T lymphocytes. Peptide antigens were presented by class II molecules displayed on BLS cells, although the conformation of these class II proteins was altered as indicated by epitope mapping. This defect in antigen presentation was independent of the specific class II DR allele transfected into BLS cells. Genetic complementation analysis has been used with BLS cells to demonstrate that the defect in class II gene transcription is linked to the absence of a trans-acting factor. Similarly, functional class II dimers were restored after in vitro fusion of cells derived from two distinct BLS complementation groups, implying that specific transcriptional control elements are shared by a gene critical for antigen presentation and genes encoding HLA class II antigens. Thus, two important functionally linked pathways of class II molecules, structural gene expression and antigen presentation, share a common regulatory pathway defective in BLS.
New assay for the rapid determination of plasma holotranscobalamin II levels: Preliminary evaluation in cancer patients
Authors: Thu Vu, Jyoti Amin, Mercedita Ramos, Victoria Flener, Lori Vanyo, Glenn Tisman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract We describe a new and rapid assay for the measurement of plasma B12 bound to transco‐balamin II (holotranscobalamin II) using the property of adsorption of the polypeptides of apotranscobalamin II and holotranscobalamin II to the hydrophobic surface of microfine glass particles. Acid‐washed microfine glass was used to separate vitamin B12 bound to the glycoproteins transcobalamin I and transcobalamin III (haptocorrin or R binder) from that bound to transcobalamin II. Sephadex gel filtration separation of 57 Co‐labelled vitamin B12 binders confirmed that &gt;90% of holotranscobalamin II can be removed from plasma holohaptocorrin by adsorption to microfine glass particles. Since only holotrans‐cobalamin II is capable of delivering vitamin B12 to metabolizing cells, plasma holotrans‐cobalamin II content reflects the availability of B12 to cells. Use of this test in cancer patients undergoing either chemotherapy or radiation therapy revealed evidence of early negative B12 balance that in some instances was induced by the treatment itself. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Slow disease progression and robust therapy-mediated CD4+ T-cell recovery are associated with efficient thymopoiesis during HIV-1 infection
Authors: Marie-Lise Dion, Rebeka Bordi, Joumana Zeidan, Robert Asaad, Mohammed-Rachid Boulassel, Jean-Pierre Routy, Micheal M. Lederman, Rafick-Pierre Sekaly, Remi Cheynier
Journal: Blood (2006)
Evidence for a High Ancestral GC Content in Drosophila
Authors: Francisco Rodríguez-Trelles, Rosa Tarrío, Francisco J. Ayala
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

Study of the nucleotide composition in Drosophila, focusing on the saltans and willistoni groups, has revealed unanticipated differences in nucleotide composition among lineages. Compositional differences are associated with an accelerated rate of nucleotide substitution in functionally less constrained regions. These observations have been set forth against the extended opinion that the pattern of point mutation has remained constant during the evolution of the genus. A crucial assumption has been that the most recent common ancestor of the subgenus Sophophora had an elevated GC content. Until now, this assumption has been supported by indirect arguments, consisting of extrapolations from closely related outgroups and limited by the robustness of mathematical descriptions concerning the extensive nucleotide composition differences among sequences. The present study seeks to test the assumption of a high ancestral GC content using realistic representations of the nucleotide substitution process to account for potential biases induced by the heterogeneous GC content of the taxa. The analysis of eight nuclear genes unambiguously corroborates that the common ancestor of Sophophora had an elevated GC content.
Control of Toll-like Receptor 7 Expression Is Essential to Restrict Autoimmunity and Dendritic Cell Proliferation
Authors: Jonathan A. Deane, Prapaporn Pisitkun, Rebecca S. Barrett, Lionel Feigenbaum, Terrence Town, Jerrold M. Ward, Richard A. Flavell, Silvia Bolland
Journal: Immunity (2007)
APOE ϵ 4, Aging, and Effects on White Matter Across the Adult Life Span
Authors: Daniel Felsky, Aristotle N. Voineskos
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Abstract 1406: Downregulation of uPAR inhibits migration, invasion, proliferation, FAK/PI3K/Akt signaling, and induces senescence in papillary thyroid carcinoma cells
Authors: Theodore S. Nowicki, Hong Zhao, Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz, Augustine Moscatello, Stimson Schantz, Edward Shin, Raj K. Tiwari, Jan Geliebter
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common endocrine and thyroid malignancy. The urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) plays an important role in cancer pathogenesis, including breakdown of the extracellular matrix, invasion, and metastasis. Additionally, there is increasing evidence that uPAR also promotes tumorigenesis via the modulation of multiple signaling pathways. BRAFV600E, the most common initial genetic mutation in PTC, leads to ERK1/2 hyperphosphorylation, which has been shown in numerous cancers to induce uPAR. Treatment of the BRAFV600E-positive PTC cell line, BCPAP, with the MEK/ERK inhibitor U0126 reduced uPAR RNA levels by 90%. siRNA-mediated down-regulation of uPAR in BCPAP cells resulted in drastically reduced proliferation rates and decreased clonigenic survival, as well as demonstrated senescence-associated nuclear morphology and induction of β-galactosidase activity. uPAR-knockdown BCPAP cells also displayed greatly reduced migration and invasion rates, as well as a complete loss of the cells’ plasminogen-enhanced invasiveness. Additionally, uPAR down-regulation lead to greatly decreased activity in the focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway, as well as a modest reduction in ERK1/2 signaling (which remained constitutively active secondary to BRAFV600E activation), which suggests the existence of a uPAR signaling feedback loop capable of affecting the various phenotypic changes exhibited by uPAR-knockdown cells. Taken together, these data provide new evidence of a novel role for uPAR induction as a central component in PTC pathogenesis, and highlight the potential of uPAR as a therapeutic target. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1406. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1406
Epidemic Neuromyasthenia — Clinical Syndrome?
Authors: Donald A. Henderson, Alexis Shelokov
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

DURING the past ten years an impressive number of outbreaks of bizarre, clinically similar illnesses have been reported from several areas of the world. The cases have shared the features of a protean symptomatology, including fatigue, headache, alterations in emotional status, aching muscular pain, paresis and paresthesias. Regarding the severity of the illnesses, few significant and consistent physical findings and abnormal laboratory determinations have been noted. The courses of the patients have been unaccountably prolonged and debilitating and marked by frequent exacerbations. Cases have been confined principally to young and middle-aged adults; females have been more frequently and severely afflicted. . . .
THE CONTROL OF ACTING OUT IN THE PSYCHOTHERAPY OF DELINQUENTS
Authors: MAURICE KAPLAN, JOHN F. RYAN, EDWARD NATHAN, MARION BAIROS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1957)

1. Acting out is antithetical to psychotherapy. 2. It is a form of behavior that is particularly prominent, if not central, in the delinquent. 3. Attitudes and activities of individuals and agencies that are actively and concurrently involved in some form of relationship with the delinquent may tend to encourage or discourage his acting out. 4. Some of the attitudes and activities of the various individuals and agencies concerned with the delinquent may themselves be in the nature of an acting out which bears a reciprocal relationship to the acting out of the delinquent. 5. The understanding of the dynamics of these attitudes and of the activities on the part of these individuals and agencies is as important as the understanding of the intrapsychic dynamics of the delinquent. The two are inextricably linked. 6. Increased dynamic understanding of these attitudes and activities by all those concerned with the rehabilitation of the delinquent could lead to modifications in the interrelationships of all the component units of the total situation, so as to bring about a diminution in the possibility of acting out. 7. The control of acting out would tend to bottle-up anxiety which, allowed no easy outlet in the accustomed channels, would act favorably in the development of a true psychotherapeutic situation.
Serial Coronary Angiographic Evidence That Antioxidant Vitamin Intake Reduces Progression of Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis
Authors: Howard N. Hodis
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To explore the association of supplementary and dietary vitamin E and C intake with the progression of coronary artery disease.A subgroup analysis of the on-trial antioxidant vitamin intake database acquired in the Cholesterol Lowering Atherosclerosis Study, a randomized, placebo-controlled, serial angiographic clinical trial evaluating the risk and benefit of colestipol-niacin on coronary artery disease progression.Community- and university-based cardiac catheterization laboratories.A total of 156 men aged 40 to 59 years with previous coronary artery bypass graft surgery.Supplementary and dietary vitamin E and C intake (nonrandomized) in association with cholesterol-lowering diet and either colestipol-niacin or placebo (randomized).Change per subject in the percentage of vessel diameter obstructed because of stenosis (%S) determined by quantitative coronary angiography after 2 years of randomized therapy on all lesions, mild/moderate lesions (< 50%S), and severe lesions (> or = 50%S).Overall, subjects with supplementary vitamin E intake of 100 IU per day or greater demonstrated less coronary artery lesion progression than did subjects with supplementary vitamin E intake less than 100 IU per day for all lesions (P = .04) and for mild/moderate lesions (P = .01). Within the drug group, benefit of supplementary vitamin E intake was found for all lesions (P = .02) and mild/moderate lesions (P = .01). Within the placebo group, benefit of supplementary vitamin E intake was not found. No benefit was found for use of supplementary vitamin C exclusively or in conjunction with supplementary vitamin E, use of multivitamins, or increased dietary intake of vitamin E or vitamin C.These results indicate an association between supplementary vitamin E intake and angiographically demonstrated reduction in coronary artery lesion progression. Verification from carefully designed, randomized, serial arterial imaging end point trials is needed.