tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Wall Thickness and Diastolic Properties of the Left Ventricle
Authors: WILLIAM GROSSMAN, LAMBERT P. MCLAURIN, SALLY P. MOOS, MILTIADIS STEFADOUROS, DANIEL T. YOUNG
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Diastolic properties of the left ventricle (LV) are probably influenced by several factors, including completeness of ventricular relaxation, composition of the ventricular wall, and wall thickness. This study has utilized a combined ultrasonic and hemodynamic technique to examine the influence of LV posterior wall thickness at end diastole (h p ) on LV diastolic characteristics in 24 patients with various forms of heart disease. The slope of late diastolic LV pressure-diameter relations (ΔP/ΔD) was calculated and used as a measure of effective diastolic stiffness (S) late in diastole. S was normalized for average LV pressure during the interval of measurement (P) as S/P, called S N . LV end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), volume index (LVEDVI), and mass index (LVMI) were measured in each patient during the same study at which h p , S and S N were determined. The range of h p was 5.6 to 18.6 mm; it was highest in a patient with aortic stenosis, and lowest in those with mitral stenosis. Linear regression of h p against S, S N and LVEDP showed significant correlation, with r = 0.85, 0.75, and 0.74 respectively ( P &lt; 0.001 for each regression analysis). Poor correlation was noted with LVEDVI, ΔP, and ΔD. Of 12 patients with LV hypertrophy (LVH) by ECG, four had normal h p (7.9 ± 1.0 mm) and eight had abnormal h p (13 ± 0.6 mm). Those with normal h p had nearly normal values for S (3.5 ± 0.5 mm Hg/mm) while those with abnormal h p showed significant increases in S (7.7 ± 1.5 mm Hg/mm), indicating that LVH may alter S only insofar as there is an associated increase in h p . Consistent with this was the observation that within the group of patients having increased LVMI, LVMI itself was a poor predictor of S ( r = 0.50, NS) while h p remained an excellent predictor of S ( r = 0.86, P &lt; 0.001). In summary, this study suggests that wall thickness is an important determinant of left ventricular diastolic stiffness and pressure, and that wall thickness appears to predict diastolic stiffness independent of the presence or absence of LVH or increased LV mass.
Athletic Training and Conditioning
Authors: Fred V. Hein
Journal: JAMA (1961)

As a handbook for the trainer in service and the young person preparing for a career in physical education, this book should serve a useful purpose. Its coverage of the care of injuries is confined to the contributions of the trainer, apart from the treatment responsibilities of the physician. These contributions include recognition, immediate care, and proper referral of injuries, as well as carrying out certain aspects of follow-up care as directed by the physician. Appropriate attention is given throughout to preventive procedures both specifically and as a general point of emphasis. Physicians should be interested in the suggestions made concerning the qualifications of the athletic trainer. These, taken from the recommendations of the National Athletic Trainers Association, suggest that the trainer in substance should have (1) undergraduate qualifications entitling him to a teaching certification in physical education, with the needed emphasis on the prevention and management of athletic injuries,
The transmitral pressure-flow velocity relation. Effect of abrupt preload reduction.
Authors: M Courtois, Z Vered, B Barzilai, N A Ricciotti, J E Pérez, P A Ludbrook
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Although recent animal and clinical studies suggest that Doppler-derived indexes may be useful for the characterization of ventricular diastolic behavior, the hemodynamic basis for the preload dependency of these indexes has not previously been fully elucidated. Accordingly, effects of reduction of left atrial load on the pressure-flow velocity relation were characterized in 10 anesthetized, closed-chest dogs during transient inferior vena caval occlusion by means of simultaneously recorded left atrial and left ventricular micromanometric pressure measurement and transesophageal Doppler echocardiograms. Within four or five beats after inferior vena caval balloon occlusion, left atrial loading was reduced as evidenced by a decrease in the slope of the left atrial v wave from 21 +/- 4 to 13 +/- 4 mm Hg/sec (p less than 0.001) and by a decrease in the first crossover point of left atrial and left ventricular pressures from 5.6 +/- 1.1 to 2.9 +/- 1.5 mm Hg (p less than 0.001). This decrease in left atrial loading resulted in reductions during early diastole of minimum left ventricular pressure (from 1.0 +/- 0.8 to -0.4 +/- 1.2 mm Hg, p less than 0.001), the maximum early forward (i.e., left atrial pressure greater than left ventricular pressure) transmitral pressure gradient (from 2.8 +/- 0.8 to 2.4 +/- 0.5 mm Hg, p less than 0.01); the slope of the rapid filling pressure wave (from 44 +/- 11 to 38 +/- 10 mm Hg/sec, p less than 0.025); and the area of the reversed (i.e., left ventricular pressure greater than left atrial pressure) transmitral pressure gradient (from 79 +/- 42 to 53 +/- 33 mm Hg.msec, p less than 0.05). During late diastole, both the heights and slopes of the left atrial and left ventricular a waves fell, resulting in a decrease in the maximum late transmitral pressure gradient (from 1.2 +/- 0.7 to 0.9 +/- 0.5 mm Hg, p less than 0.05). Vena caval occlusion also altered Doppler transmitral velocity profiles during both the early and late phases of diastole. Peak velocity of the E wave decreased (from 50 +/- 11 to 41 +/- 7 cm/sec, p less than 0.01) as did acceleration (from 880 +/- 222 to 757 +/- 258 cm/sec2, p less than 0.025) and deceleration (from 597 +/- 260 to 429 +/- 197 cm/sec2, p less than 0.025). Peak velocity of the A wave also fell (from 29 +/- 9 to 22 +/- 5 cm/sec, p less than 0.005). Abrupt inferior vena caval occlusion did not significantly change heart rate or mean aortic pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF MOTION ON THALLIUM-201 SPECT IMAGES: A SYSTEMATIC STUDY
Authors: F. Prigent, D. Bellil, M. Hyun, D. Berman, J. Maddahi, A. Rozanski
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Prigent, F.; Bellil, D.; Hyun, M.; Berman, D.; Maddahi, J.; Rozanski, A. Author Information
A little mechanism can go a long way
Authors: David A. Schwartz, Mark Weaver, Stephen Kaplan
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

We propose a way in which Barsalou could strengthen his position and at the same time make a considerable dent in the category/abstraction problem (that he suggests remains unsolved). There exists a class of connectionist models that solves this problem parsimoniously and provides a mechanistic underpinning for the promising high-level architecture he proposes.
Dobutamine-induced hypoperfusion without transient wall motion abnormalities: Less severe ischemia or less severe stress?
Authors: Abdou Elhendy, Marcel L. Geleijnse, Jos R.T.C. Roelandt, Ron T. van Domburg, Folkert J. TenCate, Jan H. Cornel, Ambroos E.M. Reijs, Galal M. El-Said, Paolo M. Fioretti
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Abstract P2-15-04: Trastuzumab re-treatment following adjuvant trastuzumab and the importance of distant disease-free interval: The HERA trial experience
Authors: O Metzger Filho, M Procter, E de Azambuja, M Krieguer, RD Gelber, M Piccart
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Trastuzumab (T) forms the backbone of the current first-line treatment of advanced HER2+ breast cancer. In the present study we sought to evaluate the impact of the time interval between the end of adjuvant trastuzumab and distant recurrence (TDRI), upon a) overall survival (OS), b) the duration of trastuzumab-based regimens (T) in the advanced setting. Patients &amp; Methods: a) The first hypothesis involved 187 pts on HERA treated with adjuvant T and diagnosed with distant recurrence after the scheduled treatment period of 1 year at 4 years median follow-up. The impact of TDRI on OS from distant recurrence was evaluated in a Cox model adjusted for tumor size, nodal and hormone receptor status at time of enrollment into the HERA trial. b) The second hypothesis involved 90 patients retreated with T in the metastatic setting. A questionnaire was sent to investigators retreating pts with T upon distant recurrence; 144 of 156 questionnaires were returned (93%), and 90 pts were selected based on available clinical information and consent for subsequent studies (14 pts were randomized to observation and received adjuvant trastuzumab after crossover). Results: a) There was no statistically significant relationship between TDRI following 1yT and OS from distant recurrence: HR 0.99, p = 0.46; HR 0.99, p = 0.27 from the stratified and unadjusted Cox proportional hazard models, respectively. The median OS from distant recurrence was numerically longer among pts with a TDRI of ≥ 12 months (n = 103) than &amp;lt; 12 months (n = 84) but not statistically significant (23.7 vs. 17.8 months, p = 0.47). b) The median duration of T-based regimens for metastatic disease was 8.8 months (n = 88), 9.4 months in the ER+ cohort (n = 36) and 8.8 months in the ER- cohort (n = 52); (n = 2, missing). Sites of first distant recurrence and subsequent disease progression for the 90 pts were hierarchically distributed as below. First distant recurrence n (%)Subsequent progression n (%)CNS6 (6.7%)22 (24.4%)Visceral45 (50.0%)39 (43.3%)Skeletal25 (27.8%)9 (10.0%)Soft Tissue14 (15.6%)9 (10.0%)No event-11 (12.2%) Conclusions: In the HERA trial, TDRI following 1yT did not impact on OS from distant recurrence in pts experiencing distant disease recurrence. This may be due to the benefit of anti-HER2 regimens in subsequent lines of therapy. Although our sample size is limited, the present analysis suggests that pts experiencing a shorter interval (≤ 12 months) from the end of adjuvant trastuzumab to distant recurrence derive similar benefit from trastuzumab-containing regimens in the metastatic setting when compared to the cohort with an interval &amp;gt; 12 months. CNS relapse in HER2-postive breast cancer remains a clinical problem. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P2-15-04.
Clinical Training for Students of Foreign Medical Schools in US Hospitals
Authors: Mona M. Signer
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The purpose of this 18-month study was to identify hospitals in the United States that offered clinical experiences for students of foreign medical schools and to provide descriptive information on the nature and extent of those experiences. All US hospitals were mailed a postcard survey asking whether clinical training was sponsored for students of foreign medical schools. Those that responded affirmatively, as well as all hospitals that did not respond to the postcard survey, received a booklet questionnaire asking for descriptive information on the educational experiences of the foreign medical school students. As of April 1985, only 166 of the hospitals that completed the booklet questionnaire sponsored clinical training for these students. More than half of those hospitals had a major affiliation with a US medical school, and three fourths sponsored at least one accredited residency program. The foreign schools from which the hospitals most often accepted students were located in Mexico and the Caribbean basin. The foreign medical schools exercised little supervision or control over the students or the quality of the educational experiences provided. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;256:1311-1314)
Medical Care Costs in an Extended Inflation
Authors: Arthur Kemp
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Those who criticize the voluntary insurance mechanism in payment for health care because of rising costs of medical care prejudice the statement of an issue of considerable significance. There is much to be said for the hypothesis that the development of the voluntary insurance mechanism was brought about<i>because of</i>rising medical costs, not that the rise in medical costs was<i>caused by</i>the system developed. Despite such allegations by some critics<sup>1</sup>there is no evidence to support the position that the rise in medical care costs has been caused by the increase in health insurance coverage.<sup>2</sup>In fact, it has been pointed out that the average annual rate of increase in surgical fees was substantially greater for the period 1945 to 1950 than from 1950 to 1958, although the extent of health insurance coverage was greater during the latter period.<sup>3</sup>Such evidence does not support the
Hypertension in Pregnancy
Authors: Marshall D. Lindheimer, Adrian I. Katz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Advances in perinatal care have substantially reduced the number of serious complications associated with high blood pressure during gestation. Nevertheless, the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy remain a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, as well as an area marked by substantial controversy concerning cause, pathophysiologic process, and treatment; for example, current textbooks and reviews advise diametrically opposite approaches to management.1 2 3 4 5 6 This article, a brief survey of hypertension in pregnancy, focuses on preeclampsia and discusses several of the controversies that continue to confuse the practitioner. (The literature pertaining to these subjects is detailed extensively in other monographs, chapters, . . .
Identification of the Vasoconstriction-Inhibiting Factor (VIF), a Potent Endogenous Cofactor of Angiotensin II Acting on the Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor
Authors: Silvia Salem, Vera Jankowski, Yaw Asare, Elisa Liehn, Pia Welker, Ana Raya-Bermudez, Carmen Pineda-Martos, Mariano Rodriguez, Juan Rafael Muñoz-Castañeda, Heike Bruck, Nikolaus Marx, Fernanda B. Machado, Mareike Staudt, Georg Heinze, Walter Zidek, Joachim Jankowski
Journal: Circulation (2015)

The renin-angiotensin system and especially the angiotensin peptides play a central role in blood pressure regulation. Here, we hypothesize that an as-yet unknown peptide is involved in the action of angiotensin II modulating the vasoregulatory effects as a cofactor.The peptide with vasodilatory properties was isolated from adrenal glands chromatographically. The effects of this peptide were evaluated in vitro and in vivo, and the receptor affinity was analyzed. The plasma concentration in humans was quantified in patients with chronic kidney disease, patients with heart failure, and healthy control subjects. The amino acid sequence of the peptide from bovine adrenal glands was HSSYEDELSEVL EKPNDQAE PKEVTEEVSSKDAAE, which is a degradation product of chromogranin A. The sequence of the peptide isolated from human plasma was HSGFEDELSEVLENQSSQAELKEAVEEPSSKDVME. Both peptides diminished significantly the vasoconstrictive effect of angiotensin II in vitro. Therefore, we named the peptide vasoconstriction-inhibiting factor (VIF). The vasoregulatory effects of VIF are mediated by the angiotensin II type 2 receptor. VIF impairs angiotensin II-induced phosphorylation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway but not of extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2. The vasodilatory effects were confirmed in vivo. The plasma concentration was significantly increased in renal patients and patients with heart failure.VIF is a vasoregulatory peptide that modulates the vasoconstrictive effects of angiotensin II by acting on the angiotensin II type 2 receptor. It is likely that the increase in VIF may serve as a counterregulatory effect to defend against hypertension. The identification of this target may help us to understand the pathophysiology of renal and heart failure and may form a basis for the development of new strategies for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Carotid ultrasound in the cardiovascular risk stratification of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: when and for whom?
Authors: Miguel A González-Gay, Carlos González-Juanatey, Javier Llorca
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

Adequate stratification of cardiovascular (CV) risk is one of the major points of interest in the management of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A task force of the European League Against Rheumatism has proposed to adapt CV risk management calculated in RA patients according to the systematic coronary risk evaluation (SCORE) function by application of a multiplier factor of 1.5 in those patients with two of the following three criteria: disease duration &gt;10 years, rheumatoid factor (RF) or anticyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibody positivity, and presence of severe extra-articular manifestations. However, a major concern when using the modified SCORE is to know whether the effect of chronic inflammation on the CV risk of RA patients can be fully determined using this tool. As increased carotid intima–media thickness (IMT) and carotid plaques have been proved to predict the development of CV events in RA, the authors suggest performing carotid ultrasound when SCORE does not yield results indicating high CV risk in RA patients with extra-articular manifestations, RF or anti-CCP positivity as well as in patients with 10 years disease duration or longer. The presence of abnormal carotid IMT (&gt;0.90 mm) or carotid plaques would lead to these patients being considered as having high CV risk regardless of the results derived from the modified SCORE.
The New Approach to Immunology
Authors: F. M. Burnet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

FEW fields within the conventional ambit of the biologic sciences are more actively popular at the present time than immunology. Rather suddenly the old approach to immunity as an aspect of the study of infectious disease, with its almost exclusive concentration on antibody at the experimental level, has been replaced by a more sophisticated approach.In 1949 Fenner and I1 made the first systematic attempt to look at the problem, recognized by Ehrlich but more or less neglected subsequently, of the implications of the nonantigenicity of body components. We pointed out that somehow the ability of cells within the body . . .
Hypoglycemic Symptoms and Frequency of Severe Hypoglycemia in Patients Treated With Human and Animal Insulin Preparations
Authors: Ingrid Mühlhauser, Lutz Heinemann, Esther Fritsche, Katja von Lennep, Michael Berger
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Objectives To compare hypoglycemic warning symptoms (main objective) and incidence of severe hypoglycemia (secondary objective) between patients treated with animal and human insulin preparations. Research Design And Methods Two hundred forty-seven patients on treatment with animal insulin preparations and 276 patients on human insulins, matched for duration of diabetes (16 ± 11 vs. 15 ± 10 yr), were recruited for the study. Patients were interviewed with a standardized questionnaire. Results When asked which symptom usually occurs first during hypoglycemia, 19% of the animal insulin group and 22% of the human insulin group answered “sweating,” 19 and 17%, respectively, answered “trembling,” and 15 and 11%, respectively, answered “unrest.” According to the patients' perception, in both groups, their most reliable hypoglycemic warning symptoms were “trembling” (26 and 22%) and “sweating” (15 and 18%). Six and eight percent of patients, respectively, reported hypoglycemia unawareness and 17 and 18%, respectively, impaired awareness of hypoglycemia. The incidence of severe hypoglycemia was 0.45 cases/patient-yr in patients treated with animal insulins and 0.46 cases/patient-yr in patients treated with human insulin preparations. The differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions This study shows that hypoglycemic warning symptoms and the incidence of severe hypoglycemia are comparable between patients on treatment with human and animal insulin preparations.
Healthy Lifestyle Change and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Young Adults
Authors: Bonnie Spring, Arlen C. Moller, Laura A. Colangelo, Juned Siddique, Megan Roehrig, Martha L. Daviglus, Joseph F. Polak, Jared P. Reis, Stephen Sidney, Kiang Liu
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background— The benefits of healthy habits are well established, but it is unclear whether making health behavior changes as an adult can still alter coronary artery disease risk. Methods and Results— The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) prospective cohort study (n=3538) assessed 5 healthy lifestyle factors (HLFs) among young adults aged 18 to 30 years (year 0 baseline) and 20 years later (year 20): not overweight/obese, low alcohol intake, healthy diet, physically active, nonsmoker. We tested whether change from year 0 to 20 in a continuous composite HLF score (HLF change; range, −5 to +5) is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis (coronary artery calcification and carotid intima-media thickness) at year 20, after adjustment for demographics, medications, and baseline HLFs. By year 20, 25.3% of the sample improved (HLF change ≥+1); 40.4% deteriorated (had fewer HLFs); 34.4% stayed the same; and 19.2% had coronary artery calcification (&gt;0). Each increase in HLFs was associated with reduced odds of detectable coronary artery calcification (odds ratio=0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.74–0.98) and lower intima-media thickness (carotid bulb β=−0.024, P =0.001), and each decrease in HLFs was predictive to a similar degree of greater odds of coronary artery calcification (odds ratio=1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.33) and greater intima-media thickness (β=+0.020, P &lt;0.01). Conclusions— Healthy lifestyle changes during young adulthood are associated with decreased risk and unhealthy lifestyle changes are associated with increased risk for subclinical atherosclerosis in middle age.
External Infections of the Eye; Bacterial, Viral, and Mycotic
Authors: Albert M. Potts, Leonard Apt
Journal: JAMA (1964)

This book satisfied a long-standing need for a text on ocular microbiology written in English. Heretofore, ophthalmologists, residents, and medical students have had to rely on lecture notes, a few manuals, or scant information from general ophthalmology texts. In the present volume the author discusses the bacterial, viral, and fungal infections of the external eye structures, and the technique of the diagnostic laboratory procedures. Emphasis rests on the microbiological rather than the diagnostic or therapeutic aspects of external eye diseases. The book, written primarily for the clinical ophthalmologist, stresses the more common eye disorders. The material is presented in a relatively simplified but accurate manner. Numerous color plates effectively integrate the clinical, microbiological and cytological data. For the most part the color plates are satisfactory. A few are too diagrammatic and could be replaced by good photographs which are now in existence. Many of the photographs of the blood agar
Selective iron chelation in Friedreich ataxia: biologic and clinical implications
Authors: Nathalie Boddaert, Kim Hanh Le Quan Sang, Agnès Rötig, Anne Leroy-Willig, Serge Gallet, Francis Brunelle, Daniel Sidi, Jean-Christophe Thalabard, Arnold Munnich, Z. Ioav Cabantchik
Journal: Blood (2007)