tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
OBSERVATIONS ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF VITAMIN B
Authors: SAMUEL R. DAMON
Journal: JAMA (1922)

In the second group (summer hay-fever only) there are five instances of complete freedom, one of which was obtained the previous year and last year remained free without treatment.In the two remaining cases, which were practically free, the treatment could not be regarded as ideal, as one patient was late and treat¬ ment was continued during the season, while the second was to a great extent out of town.
Clinical Trials Update: CAPRICORN, COPERNICUS, MIRACLE, STAF, RITZ‐2, RECOVER and RENAISSANCE and cachexia and cholesterol in heart failure. Highlights of the Scientific Sessions of the American College of Cardiology, 2001
Authors: Amala Louis, John G.F. Cleland, Sheran Crabbe, Sarah Ford, Simon Thackray, Tim Houghton, Andrew Clark
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2001)
Emergency treatment of avulsed incisor teeth.
Authors: B Scheer
Journal: BMJ (1990)

cannot definitely be recommended despite the carrot of a more physiological action profile.Apart from the practical problems of assessing the depth of subcutaneous tissue in a large number of patients-and the provision of a range of needle lengths-longer term studies are needed on blood glucose control, the relative rate of hypoglycaemia, effects of exercise, and patient acceptability.Until such data are available it may perhaps be wise to recommend that soluble insulin is also injected at an angle into a skin fold or to provide shorter needles of 3-5 mm.
Role for CCR7 Ligands in the Emigration of Newly Generated T Lymphocytes from the Neonatal Thymus
Authors: Tomoo Ueno, Kyoko Hara, Melissa Swope Willis, Mark A. Malin, Uta E. Höpken, Daniel H.D. Gray, Kouji Matsushima, Martin Lipp, Timothy A. Springer, Richard L. Boyd, Osamu Yoshie, Yousuke Takahama
Journal: Immunity (2002)
Effects of acute administration of iloprost on the cardiac autonomic nervous system and ventricular repolarisation in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: F Guideri
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

Iloprost is a stable prostacyclin analogue effective in the treatment of Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP), associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Iloprost also has anti-arrhythmic effects,1–3 reputedly produced by direct and indirect activity on the cardiomyocyte electrophysiology. In particular, studies on animals suggest that the anti-arrhythmic properties of the drug may be indirectly produced by interference with the cardiac sympathetic reflexes.2,3

Indeed, it has been demonstrated that iloprost induces myocardial ischaemia in humans related to a “stealing” effect on coronaries,4 and prolongs the ventricular refractory period and the QT interval in animal hearts.5 Because prolongation of the QT interval is an established risk factor for life threatening arrhythmias in humans,6 these data seem to disagree with the anti-arrhythmic properties of the drug.

The present study aimed at determining whether the effect of iloprost on cardiac …
Antisignal recognition particle-positive polymyositis successfully treated with myeloablative autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: J C Henes, F Heinzelmann, A Wacker, H P Seelig, R Klein, A Bornemann, C Faul, L Kanz, I Koetter
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

<h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate disease-free survival of cervical conization prior to radical hysterectomy in patients with stage IB1 cervical cancer (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2009). <h3>Methods</h3> A multicenter retrospective observational cohort study was conducted including patients from the Surgery in Cervical Cancer Comparing Different Surgical Aproaches in Stage IB1 Cervical Cancer (SUCCOR) database with FIGO 2009 IB1 cervical carcinoma treated with radical hysterectomy between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2014. We used propensity score matching to minimize the potential allocation biases arising from the retrospective design. Patients who underwent conization but were similar for other measured characteristics were matched 1:1 to patients from the non-cone group using a caliper width ≤0.2 standard deviations of the logit odds of the estimated propensity score. <h3>Results</h3> We obtained a weighted cohort of 374 patients (187 patients with prior conization and 187 non-conization patients). We found a 65% reduction in the risk of relapse for patients who had cervical conization prior to radical hysterectomy (hazard ratio (HR) 0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.16 to 0.75, p=0.007) and a 75% reduction in the risk of death for the same sample (HR 0.25, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.90, p=0.033). In addition, patients who underwent minimally invasive surgery without prior conization had a 5.63 times higher chance of relapse compared with those who had an open approach and previous conization (HR 5.63, 95% CI 1.64 to 19.3, p=0.006). Patients who underwent minimally invasive surgery with prior conization and those who underwent open surgery without prior conization showed no differences in relapse rates compared with those who underwent open surgery with prior cone biopsy (reference) (HR 1.94, 95% CI 0.49 to 7.76, p=0.349 and HR 2.94, 95% CI 0.80 to 10.86, p=0.106 respectively). <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this retrospective study, patients undergoing cervical conization before radical hysterectomy had a significantly lower risk of relapse and death.
Genetic variation in CRTh2 influences development of allergic phenotypes
Authors: L. Cameron, M. Depner, M. Kormann, N. Klopp, T. Illig, E. Von Mutius, M. Kabesch
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Allergic disorders are characterized by an increase in the Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, produced primarily by Th2 cells. These cells are marked by the expression of CRTh2 (chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells), a receptor for prostaglandin D(2). As genetic variation plays a significant role in the predisposition for allergic disorders, we investigated the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CRTh2.In a large study population of German children (n = 4264) from the International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Children (ISAAC II), six polymorphisms in CRTh2 were genotyped. Statistical analyses were performed using single SNP and haplotype analyses.Uncorrected associations among -6373G>A, +1431G>C and +1538A>G were observed with a number of allergic phenotypes (P < 0.05). After correction, association between +1431C and specific IgE to food allergens remained significant (P = 0.04). Associations of haplotype (H)3 (containing +1538G) with reduced risk for asthma and H2 (containing +1431C) with increased risk for specific IgE to food allergens also remained significant after correction for multiple testing (P = 0.004).Genetic variation within CRTh2 modifies the development of allergic sensitization and asthma in a population of German children.
Role of the macrophage-inducible C-type lectin Mincle in the lung host defense against mycobacterial infections in mice
Authors: Friederike Behler, Kathrin Steinwede, Regina Maus, Jennifer Bohling, Tobias Welte, Ulrich Maus
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

The macrophage-inducible C-type lectin Mincle has been identified as receptor for the mycobacterial cell wall component trehalose dimycolate (TDM) of M. tuberculosis . We here examined the role of Mincle in lung protective immunity against mycobacterial pathogens in mice. We found that mice infected with M. bovis BCG responded with a delayed expression of Mincle on alveolar macrophages by days 14-21 post-challenge. In line with this finding, we observed that Mincle KO mice showed significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokine release and alveolar leukocyte recruitment as well as increased mycobacterial loads particularly in lung draining lymph nodes and spleens relative to wild-type mice infected with M. bovis BCG. Importantly, flow-sorted alveolar macrophages of wild-type mice responded with substantially greater proinflammatory TNF-a, KC, CCL2 and CCL5 mRNA levels to infection with M. bovis BCG relative to alveolar macrophages of BCG-infected Mincle KO mice. Together, the current study shows that Mincle exhibits delayed cell surface expression kinetics on alveolar macrophages upon M. bovis BCG challenge, thus acting as a 'delayed-type' regulator of proinflammatory macrophage activation during mycobacterial infections.
Parietal Cell Carcinoma A New Differential Diagnosis for Submucosal Gastric Tumors
Authors: J. L. Hedenbro, I. Hägerstand, V. Rychterova
Journal: Endoscopy (1990)

We have encountered two patients with highly malignant tumors that were initially thought to belong to the leiomyoma/leiomyosarcoma group. Both patients were finally diagnoed as having an unusual entity not previously described in endoscopic literature-parietal cell carcinoma
“Same Day” Ex-vivo Regional Gene Therapy: A Novel Strategy to Enhance Bone Repair
Authors: Mandeep S Virk, Osamu Sugiyama, Sang H Park, Sanjiv S Gambhir, Douglas J Adams, Hicham Drissi, Jay R Lieberman
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Ex-vivo regional gene therapy with bone marrow cells (BMCs) overexpressing bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) has demonstrated efficacy in healing critical sized bone defects in preclinical studies. The purpose of this preclinical study was to compare the osteoinductive potential of a novel "same day" ex-vivo regional gene therapy versus a traditional two-step approach, which involves culture expansion of the donor cells before implantation. In the "same day" strategy buffy coat cells were harvested from the rat bone marrow, transduced with a lentiviral vector-expressing BMP-2 for 1 hour and implanted into a rat femoral defect in the same sitting. There was no significant difference (P = 0.22) with respect to the radiographic healing rates between the femoral defects treated with the "same day" strategy (13/13; 100%) versus the traditional two-step approach (11/14; 78%). However, the femoral defects treated with the "same day" strategy induced earlier radiographic bone healing (P = 0.004) and higher bone volume (BV) [micro-computed tomography (micro-CT); P < 0.001]. The "same day" strategy represents a significant advance in the field of ex-vivo regional gene therapy because it offers a solution to limitations associated with the culture expansion process required in the traditional ex vivo approach. This strategy should be cost-effective when adapted for human use.
Medical Writing and Medical Education
Authors: Leo Wade
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Your comments regarding "writing" are well taken and deserve a loud "amen." I take one exception, however, and that has to do with the adjective "medical." Many who express themselves poorly blame the problem on the complexity of his or her particular discipline. This is inexcusable and unjustified. The more complex and esoteric the discipline, the greater is the need for clear, concise expression. The problems of language are not peculiar to medicine.
p53 Mutation in Inflammatory Breast Cancer Cell Lines.
Authors: C. Li, B. Lee, W. Woodward, N. Ueno, F. Robertson, J. Reuben, M. Cristofanilli
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most aggressive manifestation of primary breast cancer and represents 1% to 2% of primary breast cancer in the United States. IBC is characterized by an acute inflammation of the skin of the affected breast generally believed to be caused by blockage of the dermal lymphatics by tumor emboli. Wild type (WT) p53 is a tumor suppressor gene, which induces apoptosis and p53 mutations are associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Compared with locally advanced breast cancers, IBC patients have higher levels of mutated p53 protein that has been associated with more aggressive tumors, anthracycline resistance, shorter progression free survival, shorter overall survival, and less favorable long-term outcome. The aim of this study was to determine if there are unique genetic variations in IBC cell lines that would provide specific genetic p53 mutations that could be exploited for targeted therapy with the intent of improving response to treatment and overall survival in IBC.Materials and Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from six breast cancer cell lines (MDA-453, SUM149, MCF-7, KPL4, MDA321, and SUM190) and the immortalized human mammary epithelial cells (HMLE) using the Qiagen DNA Blood Mini Kit (Valencia, CA). Among the 6 breast cancer cell lines, KPL-4, SUM149 and SUM190 are IBC cell lines; MDA231 and SUM149 have basal-like phenotype; MCF-7 has wild-type p53; SUM190 and KPL-4 are Her2 amplified. The DNA purity and concentration were determined by spectrophotometric measurements of absorbance at 260nm and 280 nm. Polymerase chainreaction (PCR) was performed to amplify the fragments of exons 2-11 of the p53gene using consensus primers. The PCR products were scanned and identified using the Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100. DNA sequencing was performed on PCR products in the ABI PRISM 310 Genetic Analyzer. The BLAST search was used to identify p53 mutations compared with the reference sequence, X54156, from Genbank.Results: We screened 2-11 exon sequences of the p53 gene in the 7 human breast cell lines. We identified two IBC cell lines (SUM149, SUM-190) with a p53 gene alteration that predicted a change in the encoded protein, SUM149 at exon 7 (ATG to ATA, Met-237-Ile) and SUM190 at exon 9 (CAG to TAG, Gln -317-stop). Both mutations have been previously reported. Five nonsense mutations were identified in two other cell lines, MDA-453 and MDA321. No mutations were identified in KPL4 and HMLE cells.Conclusions: The p53 mutation profile in breast cancer cell lines suggests an additional biological feature for the characterization of IBC. Furthermore, these data support the previously reported association between p53 status and chemo- and radioresistance in this disease responsible for poor prognosis. Therapies directed to restore p53 function should be explored in IBC models and in clinical trials. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 3161.
The Efficacy of Preemployment Drug Screening for Marijuana and Cocaine in Predicting Employment Outcome
Authors: Craig Zwerling
Journal: JAMA (1990)

We present a prospective, controlled study of the association between preemployment drug screening results and employment outcomes in 2537 postal employees. For identified marijuana users, relative risk for turnover was 1.56 (95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.17 to 2.08); accidents, 1.55 (95% Cl, 1.16 to 2.08); injuries, 1.85 (95% Cl, 1.30 to 2.64); and discipline, 1.55 (95% Cl, 1.03 to 2.32). Their mean absence rate was 7.1% compared with 4.0% for nonusers. For identified cocaine users, relative risk for turnover was 1.15 (95% Cl, 0.65 to 2.05); accidents, 1.59 (95% Cl, 0.95 to 2.67); injuries, 1.85 (95% Cl, 1.01 to 3.39); and discipline, 1.40 (95% Cl, 0.62 to 3.17). Their mean absence rate was 9.8%. Our study shows that a preemployment drug screen positive for marijuana or cocaine is associated with adverse employment outcomes. The level of risk, however, is much less than previously estimated. This finding has important implications for the social, legal, and economic arguments for and against drug testing.
Testing the Presumption of Consent to Emergency Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Winston Chiong, Anthony S. Kim, Ivy A. Huang, Nita A. Farahany, S. Andrew Josephson
Journal: JAMA (2014)

In life-threatening emergencies involving incapacitated patients without surrogates, clinicians may intervene without obtaining informed consent, applying the presumption that reasonable people would consent to treatment in such circumstances. Whether this rationale applies to treatment of acute ischemic stroke with intravenous thrombolysis is controversial, as this intervention improves functional outcomes but is not life-preserving.1 Nonetheless, the presumption of consent to thrombolysis for ischemic stroke has recently been endorsed by professional societies.2,3 Previous empirical studies of preferences for emergency treatment have been limited to surveys of convenience samples that were not demographically representative. We evaluated the presumption of consent by comparing preferences for treatment of acute ischemic stroke with thrombolysis and treatment of sudden cardiac arrest with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR, in which the presumption of consent is generally accepted) in a nationally representative sample of older U.S. adults.
Applied Pathology for Ophthalmic Microsurgeons
Authors: Jay Ira Perlman
Journal: JAMA (2009)

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Diagnosing and Treating Patients with Refractory Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: Douglas A. Drossman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

One of the clinician's most difficult tasks is to successfully care for patients with painful and refractory functional gastrointestinal disorders. Because the diagnosis of these disorders is never assured and symptomatic treatments are not always successful, these patients are susceptible to receiving unnecessary, costly, and sometimes risky studies and treatments. This article offers an approach to the diagnosis and care of these patients that emphasizes 1) using a diagnostic strategy that incorporates symptom-based criteria, a screening evaluation, early symptomatic treatment, symptom monitoring, and reassessment; 2) asking several questions during the first visit to assess the psychosocial contributions to the illness; 3) developing an effective patient–physician relationship through empathy, reassurance, education, and a negotiated and realistic treatment plan; and 4) providing the option for psychological consultation and treatment as a way to help the patient better control symptoms. This approach is likely to improve patient and physician satisfaction, adherence to treatment, and clinical outcome.
Adverse Drug Events in Ambulatory Care
Authors: Tejal K. Gandhi, Saul N. Weingart, Joshua Borus, Andrew C. Seger, Josh Peterson, Elisabeth Burdick, Diane L. Seger, Kirstin Shu, Frank Federico, Lucian L. Leape, David W. Bates
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Adverse events related to drugs occur frequently among inpatients, and many of these events are preventable. However, few data are available on adverse drug events among outpatients. We conducted a study to determine the rates, types, severity, and preventability of such events among outpatients and to identify preventive strategies.We performed a prospective cohort study, including a survey of patients and a chart review, at four adult primary care practices in Boston (two hospital-based and two community-based), involving a total of 1202 outpatients who received at least one prescription during a four-week period. Prescriptions were computerized at two of the practices and handwritten at the other two.Of the 661 patients who responded to the survey (response rate, 55 percent), 162 had adverse drug events (25 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 20 to 29 percent), with a total of 181 events (27 per 100 patients). Twenty-four of the events (13 percent) were serious, 51 (28 percent) were ameliorable, and 20 (11 percent) were preventable. Of the 51 ameliorable events, 32 (63 percent) were attributed to the physician's failure to respond to medication-related symptoms and 19 (37 percent) to the patient's failure to inform the physician of the symptoms. The medication classes most frequently involved in adverse drug events were selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (10 percent), beta-blockers (9 percent), angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (8 percent), and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents (8 percent). On multivariate analysis, only the number of medications taken was significantly associated with adverse events.Adverse events related to drugs are common in primary care, and many are preventable or ameliorable. Monitoring for and acting on symptoms are important. Improving communication between outpatients and providers may help prevent adverse events related to drugs.
Hormonal control of the renal conversion of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol to 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
Authors: Howard Rasmussen, Mitzi Wong, Daniel Bikle, David B. P. Goodman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Isolated renal tubules from vitamin D-deficient chicks catalyse the in vitro conversion of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol to 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. This conversion is stimulated by 5 x 10(-10) M bovine parathyroid hormone, or by 10(-6) M cyclic AMP. It is inhibited by 10(-9) M porcine calcitonin. It is concluded that these hormonal controls of the synthesis of the renal hormone 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol are of particular physiological significance in coordinating the activities of the various organs involved in extracellular calcium homeostasis.
Clinical Features of Hemoglobin C_Harlem, A New Sickling Hemoglobin Variant
Authors: ROBERT M. BOOKCHIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Hemoglobin CHarlem (Hb CH) is a new hemoglobin variant that migrates near the position of Hb C on electrophoresis at pH 8.6 and is associated with erythrocyte sickling and gelation and relative insolubility of the hemolysate upon deoxygenation. Its structure was shown previously to be α2 A β2 6 Glu → Val, 73 Asp → Asn (Glu = glutamic acid; Val = valine; Asp = aspartic acid; Asn = asparagine); amino acid substitutions occur in two residues of each beta-polypeptide chain, one identical to that in Hb S (β6 Val) and one not previously observed in a hemoglobin variant (β73 Asn). Occasional target cells on peripheral smears and erythrocyte sickling are the only hematological abnormalities consistently found in Hb CH heterozygotes. The only associated clinical abnormality is a renal concentrating defect, found in each of seven affected family members. The propositus had a modestly reduced or low-normal capacity to reabsorb solute-free water during osmotic diuresis. Erythrocytes from persons with Hb CH trait show some sickling in hypertonic saline without deoxygenation; this finding and the renal functional abnormalities are similar to those seen in persons with sickle cell trait and suggest that the renal concentrating defects in the two disorders have similar pathogeneses. Clinical similarities between heterozygosity for Hb CH and Hb S are consistent with previous findings in gelation experiments; although purified deoxyhemoglobin CH requires a much higher concentration to gel than does deoxyhemoglobin S, each interacts similarly with Hb A. Thus Hb CH-trait and sickle cell-trait erythrocytes might sickle under similar physiological circumstances.