tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of hypertension and its effect on cardiovascular risk factors: data from the Framingham Heart Study.
Authors: S Shea, E F Cook, W B Kannel, L Goldman
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Analysis of the Framingham Heart Study experience between 1958 and 1970 showed a progressive increase in the rate of treatment and control of hypertension. With cross-sectional criteria to define diastolic hypertension, the treatment rate rose from 35% in 1958 through 1960 to 69% in 1968 through 1970 (p less than .001), and the treatment rate for sustained hypertension rose from 55% in 1958 through 1960 to 85% in 1968 through 1970 (p less than .001). Treated hypertensive subjects had higher pretreatment values of blood pressure but not of other cardiovascular risk factors than untreated hypertensive subjects. Treatment was more successful in controlling hypertension in later years (p less than .001), but in all years treatment reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure without causing significant changes in mean serum cholesterol or glucose levels. In treated hypertensive subjects, the 8 year predicted risk of coronary heart disease declined by 2.3 events per 100 people compared with that in untreated hypertensive subjects (p less than .0001). The observed incidence of coronary heart disease was consistent with these predictions and suggested that treatment may be especially beneficial in subjects who have systolic blood pressures of 180 mm Hg or higher and who are treated for more than 2 successive years.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia remission following extra corporeal shock wave lithotripsy for urinary calculi
Authors: Alex E. Denes, Arieh L. Shalhav, Gabor Kovacs, Ralph V. Clayman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Herein we report on a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who entered a long-term remission following shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) for a left proximal ureteral stone. In addition, we include data on the effect of SWL on in vitro and in vivo human lymphocyte subpopulations, and discuss the possible mechanisms of this observation. Am. J. Hematol. 58:239–240, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The beta subunit of the Fc epsilon RI is associated with the Fc gamma RIII on mast cells.
Authors: T Kurosaki, I Gander, U Wirthmueller, J V Ravetch
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Fc epsilon RI is a tetrameric receptor, composed of a ligand recognition subunit, alpha, a beta chain, and dimeric gamma chains. Previous studies have indicated that the dimeric gamma chain is associated with Fc gamma RIIIA (CD16) on natural killer cells and macrophages as well as the clonotypic T cell receptor. Here we show that in mast cells, in addition to the dimeric gamma chains, the beta subunit is associated not only with Fc epsilon RI, but also with Fc gamma RIIIA. Functional reconstitution studies with a mastocytoma cell line indicate that Fc gamma RIIIA composed of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits has the capacity for signal transduction. These studies suggest that through the association of alternative ligand recognition subunits (alpha epsilon, alpha gamma), a common signal transduction complex (beta gamma 2) mediates similar biochemical and effector functions in response to immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgE.
Approaches to Therapy of Prion Diseases
Authors: Charles Weissmann, Adriano Aguzzi
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2004)

Devising approaches to the therapy of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, or prion diseases, is beset by many difficulties. For one, the nature of the infectious agent, the prion, is understood only in outline, and its composition, structure, and mode of replication are still shrouded in mystery. In addition, the mechanism of pathogenesis is not well understood. Because clinical disease affects mainly the brain parenchyme, therapeutic agents must be able to traverse the brain-blood barrier (BBB) or have to be introduced directly into the cerebrospinal fluid or brain tissue. And finally, because the disease is usually recognized only after onset of severe clinical symptoms, the question arises as to whether the neurodegenerative processes can be reversed to any extent after a successful eradication of the agent.
Clinical Management of Intractable Constipation
Authors: Michael Camilleri
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Purpose: To review current management of intractable constipation. Data Sources: Original articles and reviews published in the English-language literature between 1965 and 1993 identified by MEDLINE search. Verbal feedback from attendees after presentation of the document as a clinical symposium at the 14th International Symposium on Gastrointestinal Motility in September 1993. Study Selection: Key words included constipation, epidemiology, colonic inertia, pseudo-obstruction, pelvic floor dysfunction, and results of therapeutic interventions, particularly the effects of biofeedback training and subtotal colectomy. Results: In most patients, constipation is usually due to lack of dietary fiber and responds to simple measures to correct these factors, often without consulting a physician. In some, probably fewer than 10% of patients who consult their physicians, structural diseases of the colon and rectum, systemic disease, or medications that slow gut transit should be excluded, and regular exercise, dietary fiber, and an osmotic laxative prescribed. In a series of 277 highly selected patients from a tertiary referral center who had intractable constipation, only 29% had a definable abnormality; identification of abnormal transit facilitates selection of patients for further investigations identifying colonic inertia or pelvic floor dysfunction. Conclusion: An algorithmic approach can carefully select patients with intractable constipation for behavioral modification and biofeedback; the long-term outcome is excellent, with at least 75% success in several series. In a minority of patients with slow transit constipation unresponsive to medical treatment, subtotal colectomy with ileorectostomy is indicated and effective.
Nitric Oxide–dependent Modulation of Smooth-Muscle Tone by Airway Parasympathetic Nerves
Authors: BRANKO S. KESLER, STUART B. MAZZONE, BRENDAN J. CANNING
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

We addressed the hypothesis that noncholinergic parasympathetic nerves modulate airway smooth-muscle (ASM) tone in guinea pigs. The NO synthase inhibitor l-N G-nitro-arginine (l-NNA) and the guanylate cyclase inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) potentiated cholinergic contractions and partly inhibited noncholinergic relaxations of the trachealis evoked by nerve stimulation in vitro or in situ. When delivered selectively to the trachea in situ, l-NNA and ODQ also increased baseline cholinergic tone of the trachealis, and l-NNA potentiated histamine-induced contractions of the trachealis in situ. l-Arginine prevented the effects of l-NNA. Vagotomy or selective nerve blockade with tetrodotoxin (TTX) mimicked the effects of l-NNA on histamine responses. The effects of TTX and l-NNA were not additive, however, suggesting that the two agents have common mechanisms of action, and indicating that other nonadrenergic, noncholinergic relaxant neurotransmitters lack influence under baseline conditions. When reflexly activated by bradykinin, noncholinergic parasympathetic nerves partly reversed histamine-induced contractions of the trachealis. l-NNA failed to inhibit this response, however, and did not potentiate the reflex tracheal cholinergic contractions produced by bradykinin. These results show that noncholinergic parasympathetic nerves modulate ASM tone. The NO-dependent component of this response is most effective at baseline levels of nerve activity.
Duplicate Publication and Correction
Authors: Nicola Petitti
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

To the Editor: The patient I described in an Image in Clinical Medicine (July 10 issue)1 was described by others at this institution in the July issue of the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2 The duplication was inadvertent on my part and theirs. The duplication occurred as follows: In September 1996, I submitted my article for publication without knowledge of anyone else's efforts to publish. Four physicians who had participated in different aspects of the patient's care prepared a different article about the same patient, which they submitted for publication on October 25, 1996. My article was . . .
Error and Variation in Diagnostic Radiology
Authors: John L. McClenahan
Journal: JAMA (1969)

This slender, thoughtful book contains an extraordinary amount of valuable information. It defines, analyzes, and classifies mistakes made in interpreting x-ray films, ranging from the effects of technical artifacts to flaws in the eye, brain, emotions, and tongue of a harassed radiologist. The blunders are fascinating. Some of them arise from complacency, others from ignorance, haste, limited imagination, faulty logic, or ambiguous phrasing of reports. The author suggests practical remedies for every error except the mysterious few that seem to occur for no accountable cause. He stresses the value of repeated film readings, preferably by a second radiologist, after the first preliminary scanning. Dr. Smith repeatedly calls attention to the vulnerability of radiologists who become isolated from their patients, from written records and referring doctors. He points out the value of comparing one set of films with those taken during an earlier examination as a means of determining subtle changes
THE CAUSES OF THE INCONSTANCY OF MITRAL REGURGITANT MURMURS.
Authors: J. N. HALL
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Inconstancy is much more frequently a characteristic of regurgitant murmurs at the auriculo-ventricular orifices of the heart than of any other cardiac murmurs. We propose to study the reasons for this inconstancy, particularly as affecting the mitral valve, although much that we say applies equally well to the tricuspid. We shall first look briefly into the character and mode of production of the other murmurs. At the arterial orifices we may have direct murmurs from anemia, or infinitely less often, from obstruction in some form; and regurgitant ones from<i>a</i>, damage to the leaflets of the valves, or<i>b</i>, stretching of the ring supporting them. All of these are practically constant excepting the direct ones of anemic origin, which disappear under the use of iron in many cases. Presystolic murmurs originate from narrowing of the auriculo-ventricular orifices, and are, practically, constant, excepting that weakening of the auricular wall may lower
Does Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis Lead to Chronic Renal Disease?
Authors: Neil A. Kurtzman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

That acute rheumatic fever secondary to streptococcal infection frequently results in chronic valvular heart disease, sometimes after a quiescent period of many years, inevitably suggests that acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis similarly may lead to chronic glomerulonephritis. However, this association, or lack of it, between acute and chronic glomerular inflammatory disease remains one of the most contested issues in contemporary nephrology.Because chronic glomerulonephritis is the leading cause of chronic renal failure the issue of its cause is of compelling interest. In recent years a series of advances have elucidated the pathogenetic mechanisms that lead to glomerular inflammation. At least two types . . .
Pretest manual of clinical gastroenterology
Authors: N. Mcintyre
Journal: Gut (1983)

the quality of some of the chapters is quite outstand- ing.The section on ultrasonic puncture techniques will prove particularly useful for those interested in this aspect of ultrasound.The author describes the various methods and applications of the technique in detailed manner that will prove a valuable practical guide for anyone wishing to acquire expertise in this rapidly developing branch of the subject.Overall the book presents a good range of topics, some new, some already established but looked at in a refreshing new light.The book is a 'must' for anyone interested in ultrasound.
Interferon-gamma in 388 immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients for diagnosing pleural tuberculosis
Authors: V Villena, A Lopez-Encuentra, J Echave-Sustaeta, P Martin-Escribano, B Ortuno-de-Solo, J Estenoz-Alfaro
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

The level of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in pleural fluid has been reported to be increased in pleural tuberculosis. Nevertheless, its diagnostic value has not yet been well-established, and immunocompromised patients have not previously been evaluated. The aim of this study was to determine the value of the IFN-gamma level in pleural fluid for diagnosing tuberculous pleurisy in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. Three hundred and eighty eight consecutive patients were studied prospectively (73 with tuberculous pleural effusions, including nine with concurrent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and one after liver transplantation, and 315 with nontuberculous effusions). IFN-gamma was measured by radioimmunoassay. The sensitivity of the test, using a 3.7 U.mL-1 cut-off point, was 0.99 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.93-1.00) and the specificity was 0.98 (95% CI 0.96-1.00). The sensitivity of the test did not differ in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. Patients with lymphoma, vasculitis or vascular connective tissue disease did not have abnormal IFN-gamma values. In conclusion, the level of interferon-gamma in pleural fluid is a very good diagnostic marker of tuberculous pleural effusion, even in immunocompromised patients.
The 1974 Reorganization of the British National Health Service — Aims and Issues
Authors: Roger M. Battistella, Theodore E. Chester
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Abstract Britain's National Health Service is to undergo a massive restructuring on April 1, 1974, the chief aims of which are to introduce greater managerial efficiency and to promote a better balance among hospital-focused specialists' services for acute treatment, community-based family-practitioner services for primary care, and the care of the long-term chronically ill. The machinery for these changes involves, first of all, the unification of hitherto separate hospital, family practitioner and public-health services into an integrated system, secondly, the participation of clinicians in management and, thirdly, the introduction of multidisciplinary consensus teams for management and planning at operational levels. Notwithstanding a number of shortcomings, the reorganization appears both necessary and timely. The main criticism is that insufficient action has been taken to link up health with social services, so that another major reorganization is inevitable in the foreseeable future. (N Engl J Med 289: 610–615, 1973)
Antigen-Specific Signaling by a Soluble, Dimeric Peptide/Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II/Fc Chimera Leading to T Helper Cell Type 2 Differentiation
Authors: Sofia Casares, Cong S. Zong, Dorel L. Radu, Alexander Miller, Constantin A. Bona, Teodor-Doru Brumeanu
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Interaction between a T cell receptor (TCR) and various ligands, i.e., anti-TCR antibodies, superantigens, peptides, or altered peptide ligands in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules can trigger different T helper cell (Th) effector functions. Herein, we studied the T cell response induced by a soluble, dimeric peptide/MHC class II chimera, namely hemagglutinin (HA)110-120/I-Edαβ/Fcγ2a (DEF). We have previously demonstrated that the soluble DEF molecule binds stably and specifically to HA110-120–specific TCRs expressed by a T cell hybridoma. Administration of DEF in vivo induced differentiation of resting and activated peptide-specific T cells toward a Th2 response, as indicated by the increase of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G1 antibodies and decrease of IL-2, specific IgG2a antibodies, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity. In contrast to HA110-120 peptide presented by the DEF molecule to T cells, the nominal synthetic peptide induced a predominant Th1 response, and the PR8 virus–derived HA110-120 peptides induced a mixed Th1/Th2 response. Independent of antigen processing, soluble DEF was almost 2 logs more potent in stimulating cognate T cells than the nominal peptide. Polarization of cognate T cells toward the Th2 response occurred upon interaction of soluble DEF with TCR and CD4 molecules followed by early activation of p56lck and ZAP-70 tyrosine kinases, and negative signaling of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)4 pathway of Th1 differentiation. DEF-like molecules may provide a new tool to study the mechanisms of signaling toward Th2 differentiation and may also provide a potential immunotherapeutic approach to modulate autoreactive T cells toward protective Th2 immune responses.
Mucocutaneous Lesions in the Behcet Syndrome
Authors: Vedat Hamuryudan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 November 1998Mucocutaneous Lesions in the Behcet SyndromeVedat Hamuryudan, MD, Cem Mat, MD, and Hasan Yazici, MDVedat Hamuryudan, MDUniversity of Istanbul; Istanbul, TurkeySearch for more papers by this author, Cem Mat, MDUniversity of Istanbul; Istanbul, TurkeySearch for more papers by this author, and Hasan Yazici, MDUniversity of Istanbul; Istanbul, TurkeySearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-10-199811150-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We agree with Demiroglu and colleagues that no single treatment exists for a cure or a long-lasting remission in the Behcet's syndrome and that more work toward this end is clearly needed. We also have no doubt that penicillin, if shown to be as effective as thalidomide, would definitely be less risky.In 1989, an uncontrolled study suggested that penicillin might be effective in treating the Behcet syndrome (Okten S. Penicillin in the treatment of Behcet's disease. Presented at the Fifth International Conference on Behcet's Disease, 14-15 September 1989, Rochester, Minnesota). Later, a retrospective study at the ...References1. Haznedaroglu IC, Demiroglu H, Ozcebe OI, Ozdemir O, Dundar SV. Benzathine penicillin in the prophylaxis and treatment of Behcet's disease [Abstract]. In: Boki KA, Drosos AA, Moutsopoulos HM, Tzioufas AG, Vlachoyiannopoulos PG, eds. Proceedings of the VIIth Mediterranean Congress of Rheumatology, 16-18 June 1994. Athens: Monduzzi Editore; 1994:185-8. Google Scholar2. Calguneri M, Ertenli I, Kiraz S, Erman M, Celik I. Effect of prophylactic benzathine penicillin on mucocutaneous symptoms of Behcet's disease. Dermatology. 1996; 192:125-8. Google Scholar3. Calguneri M, Kiraz S, Ertenli I, Benekli M, Karaarslan Y, Celik I. The effect of prophylactic penicillin treatment on the course of arthritis episodes in patients with Behcet's disease: a randomized, controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 1996; 39:2062-5. Google Scholar4. Hamuryudan V, Moral F, Yurdakul S, Mat C, Tuzun Y, Ozyazgan Y, et al. Systemic interferon α 2b treatment in Behcet's syndrome. J Rheumatol. 1994; 21:1098-100. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Vedat Hamuryudan, MD; Cem Mat, MD; Hasan Yazici, MDAffiliations: University of Istanbul; Istanbul, Turkey PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 November 1998Volume 129, Issue 10 Page: 836 Keywords Arthritis Lesions Penicillin Pilot studies Retrospective studies Rheumatology ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 November 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Persistence of Neurological Symptoms Due to Neuroleptic Drugs
Authors: GEORGE E. CRANE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

The author examines the problem of extrapyramidal symptoms attributable to neuroleptic drugs. Thirty-nine patients with tardive dyskinesia and/or pseudoparkinsonism did not receive neuroleptics for six to 24 months. At the end of this time, 36 patients manifested symptoms consistent with tardive dyskinesia. In five of 12 patients who had pseudoparkinsonism, alone or with tardive dyskinesia, parkinsonian symptoms persisted for six months or longer.
Role of the Heart in the Loss of Aeration Characterizing Lower Lobes in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: LUIZ M. MALBOUISSON, CORNELIUS J. BUSCH, LOUIS PUYBASSET, QIN LU, PHILLIPE CLUZEL, JEAN-JACQUES ROUBY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

In the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), lower lobes appear essentially non-aerated in contrast to upper lobes whose aeration can be preserved in some patients. The aim of this study was to assess the mechanical compression exerted by the heart on lower lobes in patients with ARDS. Fourteen healthy volunteers and 38 patients with ARDS free of left ventricular failure were studied. Cardiorespiratory parameters were recorded and the cardiac dimensions, the pressure exerted by the heart on subjacent lower lobes, and the gas tissue ratio of lower lobes in the supine position were measured using computer tomography and Lungview, a specifically designed software. In patients with ARDS, the heart was larger and heavier than in healthy volunteers. The enlargement of the heart was mainly related to a left cardiac protrusion and the pressure exerted by the left heart on the lower lobes was higher in patients with ARDS than in healthy volunteers (8 +/- 3 g. cm(-)(2) versus 6 +/- 1 g. cm(-)(2), p < 0.01). As a consequence, the faction of gas represented 62% of the left lower lobes in healthy volunteers and 12% only in patients with ARDS. The present study demonstrates that apart from the already known anteroposterior and cephalocaudal gradients of pressure depending on the lung weight and abdominal pressure, the heart plays an important role in the dramatic loss of aeration characterizing lower lobes of patients with ARDS lying in the supine position.
Effects of N-acetylcysteine on outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Bronchitis Randomized on NAC Cost-Utility Study, BRONCUS): a randomised placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Marc Decramer, Maureen Rutten-van Mölken, PN Richard Dekhuijzen, Thierry Troosters, Cees van Herwaarden, Riccardo Pellegrino, CP Onno van Schayck, Dario Olivieri, Mario Del Donno, Wilfried De Backer, Ida Lankhorst, Alfredo Ardia
Journal: The Lancet (2005)
Nuclear Cardiology: Clinical Applications
Authors: Ervin Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (1980)

In its evolution from a solely clinical skill, diagnostic cardiology has come to include many technical modalities. The development of general and specific noninvasive techniques has brought the chest roentgenogram, ECG, phonocardiography, blood tests (particularly enzyme levels), and more recently, ultrasound, while the development of invasive catheterization studies has supplied the clinician with highly resolved anatomic definition of the coronary arteries. This volume is one of several recent books concerned with the use of nuclear-medicine imaging techniques for the diagnosis of cardiac disease by noninvasive means. It is unique, as the authors have demonstrated consummate skill in selecting and presenting those procedures that have the most current diagnostic relevance. This very skill in selectivity will, however, limit the useful life of the book. The phenomenal growth of nuclear cardiology will continue to deal with similar problems in cardiology, but continuing sophistication of technology will result in probable rapid obsolescence of