tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Large Fundal Varices on Changes in Gastric Mucosal Hemodynamics After Endoscopic Variceal Ligation
Authors: C. Tayama, T. Iwao, K. Oho, A. Toyonaga, K. Tanikawa
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

BACKGROUNDS AND STUDY AIMS: Effect of endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) on gastric mucosal hemodynamics would differ in patients with and without large fundal varices. The aim of this study was to test this hypothesis.Twenty-seven patients with cirrhosis and large sized esophageal varices were prospectively studied. There were eight patients with large fundal varices and 19 patients without large fundal varices. Before EVL, gastric mucosal hemodynamics were endoscopically assessed by laser-Doppler velocimetry and reflectance spectrophotometry in the antrum and the corpus. In the reflectance spectrophotometric measurements, gastric mucosal hemoglobin content (IHb) and gastric mucosal oxygen saturation (ISO2) were determined. The severity of portal-hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) was also recorded at the antrum and the corpus. For data analysis, PHG was scored (absent, 0; mild, 1; severe, 2; bleeding, 3). These measurements were repeated after initial (three days after initial session) and repeated (seven days after last session) EVL.At the antrum, neither PHG score nor gastric mucosal hemodynamic parameters were modified after initial and repeated EVL in patients with and without large fundal varices. In addition, no significant differences of the integrated changes in PHG score and gastric mucosal hemodynamic parameters were observed in the two groups. At the corpus, PHG score significantly increased after initial and repeated EVL in patients without large fundal varices. In these patients, laser-Doppler signal and ISO2 significantly decreased and IHb significantly increased after initial and repeated EVL. In contrast, PHG score, laser-Doppler signal, and ISO2 did not change significantly in patients with large fundal varices, although IHb transiently increased after initial EVL. Furthermore, the integrated changes in PHG score and gastric mucosal hemodynamic parameters were significantly lower in patients with large fundal varices than in those without.The aggravation of PHG after EVL is due to congestion of the gastric mucosal circulation. The presence of large fundal varices plays a protective role in the development of EVL-induced gastric mucosal hemodynamic derangement.
Management of Acute Dysuria
Authors: Karen J. Carlson, Albert G. Mulley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

A decision-analysis model was developed to estimate the effects and costs of alternative initial management strategies for women presenting with dysuria and pyuria. We compared days of morbidity and direct medical costs associated with single-dose and multiple-dose regimens of amoxicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and examined the cost-effectiveness of doing an initial urine culture. We used varying assumptions for prevalence of etiologic agents, treatment efficacy, frequency of side effects, and duration of symptoms. Single-dose regimens were preferable to multiple-dose regimens of either drug, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was preferable to amoxicillin. Single-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy resulted in the fewest expected symptom-days (2.7) and the lowest expected cost ($54). The advantage of single-dose strategies in minimizing expected symptom-days resulted largely from the threefold to fourfold increase in the incidence of side effects reported with multiple-dose therapy. Obtaining an initial urine culture in all patients reduced expected symptom-days by about 10% but increased expected cost by about 40%.
F-18 FDG Uptake in the Nidus of an Osteoid Osteoma
Authors: Chae-Hun Lim, Young Ha Park, Sung Yong Lee, Soo Kyo Chung
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

Osteoid osteoma is a common skeletal neoplasm with distinctive histologic abnormalities that consist of a central core of vascular osteoid tissue and a peripheral sclerotic zone. We report a case of intense F-18 FDG uptake in the nidus of cortical osteoid osteoma of the distal metaphysis of the right tibia.
Sector-wide approaches in developing countries
Authors: P. Garner
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Sector wide approaches (SWAPs) are a new development in the organisation of aid to developing countries where donors and lenders collectively contribute to funding the entire health sector.1 They are being widely promoted as a “good way to do business.” Donors are embracing sector wide approaches enthusiastically, and they have been introduced in the health sector in several countries, including Zambia, Ghana, and Bangladesh, but the realities have been little tested.2

In the past, donors provided support through project aid, resulting in many self contained projects which tended to fragment the health system, or through programme aid, where particular donors may provide funds through national budgets. In sector wide approaches donors agree to contribute to a single basket of funds, which in turn contributes to the country's national plan. The partner government and development agencies negotiate and agree policies and plans for development in the sector, including resource allocation, and aid is provided within this context.3 The potential benefit is that money is spent on priorities set by the country, not external agencies, and aid is more efficiently managed through the country's existing structures, with only one set …
THE GENERAL MEDICAL COUNCIL ELECTION
Authors: A. Hawkyard
Journal: BMJ (1911)

Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) were fed semi-purified diets containing 50% grapes for two complete generations. 9Thompson Seedless9, 9Concord9, and 9Siegfried9 (9Riesling9 x 9Oberlin 5959) were freeze-dried, and the seeds were removed and finely chopped prior to incorporation into separate experimental diets. Control diets contained cornstarch substituted for the grapes. Eggs produced from breeding quail fed the grape diets were all similar to the controls in fertility, hatchability, and egg shell thickness. Developing embryos and hatched offspring were normal. The second generation of quail, fed diets identical to those of their parents, exhibited normal growth and development. Total inorganic minerals (bone ash) of all the quail were similar. Female quail had greater liver weights and liver lipids, and smaller adrenal glands, than the males, regardless of dietary treatment.
OSTEOPROTEGERIN IN ACUTE ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION &amp;ndash; TIMING OF SAMPLE DRAWING AND IMPACT ON OUTCOME
Authors: Georg Friedrich Fuernau, Sebastian Zaehringer, Ingo Eitel, Steffen Desch, Michal Droppa, Suzanne De Waha, Gerhard Schuler, Volker Adams, Holger Thiele
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
9 INTERFERON REGULATED GENE EXPRESSION IN THE LIVER DETERMINES RESPONSE TO TREATMENT IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: M. Sarasin-Filipowicz, V. Christen, F.H.T. Duong, E.J. Oakeley, L. Terracciano, W. Filipowicz, M.H. Heim
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
A1.26 Establishing cut-off of infliximab levels and anti-infliximab antibodies by commercial elisa in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Diana Hernández, Lara Valor, Inmaculada de la Torre, Lina Martínez, Juan Carlos Nieto, Tamara del Río, Esperanza Naredo, Carlos González, Javier López-Longo, María Montoro, Indalecio Monteagudo, Luis Carreño
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) the reasons for failure or loss of response to infliximab (IFX) are controversial, so far both IFX serum levels and the presence of anti-IFX antibodies (HACA) have been associated with these events. In this study we aimed to determine sensitivity and specificity of one available commercial ELISA assay considering cut-off of DAS28 for IFX levels and HACA in RA patients. <h3>Patients and Methods</h3> We assessed 60 serum samples from patients diagnosed with RA treated with IFX (1<sup>st</sup> line of biological treatment) taken prior to infusion. Patients were classified as responders, based on low disease activity (DAS28&lt; 3.2; &gt; 6 months) or non-responders, based on DAS28&gt; 3.2 with &gt; 1 swollen joint and/ or elevated CRP/ ESR. IFX levels and anti-IFX HACA were measured using a commercial ELISA kit (Progenika™) following manufacturer9s recommendations. The sample size was previously calculated to ensure a sensitivity (0.8) and specificity (0.6), with a confidence interval of 95%, related to the clinical activity index DAS28. Statistical analysis to establish the appropriate values ​​for the cutoff was performed using median (percentiles 25-75), U test Mann-Whitney and ROC curves (Receiver Operating Characteristic). <h3>Results</h3> Median IFX levels in non-responder RA patients (n = 24) was lower compared with responder patients (n = 36). We identified the optimal cutoff with ROC analysis for DAS28&lt;5.1 with IFX levels as &lt;0.046 ug/ml, with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 79%, respectively. Furthermore, the median titers of HACA for non responders (p&lt;0.0001). ROC analysis could not be calculated because of the low percentages of positivity for anti-IFX HACA in the selected patient group (n = 8/60, 13.33%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The cut-off values ​​for IFX levels, rather than anti-IFX HACA determination, may be useful in evaluating clinical response measured by DAS28 in RA. However, there is a priority in standardising laboratory techniques (variability inter/ intra-assay and inter/ intra-laboratory) to validate this information and its possible clinical application.
Ovarian ultrasonography highlights precision of symptoms of ovulation as markers of ovulation.
Authors: J Depares, R E Ryder, S M Walker, M F Scanlon, C M Norman
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Difficulties in assessing the exact time of ovulation have impeded investigation of the accuracy of symptoms of ovulation as indicators of ovulation.  However ovarian ultrasonography has recently been shown to allow accurate observation of Graafian follicular growth up to the day of ovulation.  This study investigated the menstrual cycles of 6 normal parous women ages 25-42 years who had been trained in observing ovulation symptoms for natural family planning purposes.  These women recorded cervical mucus characteristics basal body temperature and other subjective data.  In 9 of the 11 cycles for which luteinizing hormone concentrations were recorded there was a single peak value that coincided with the day of ovulation.  The day of most abundant fertile-type mucus also accurately pinpointed ovulation.  The last day of fertile-type mucus previously considered the most accurate marker of ovulation occurred 1-2 days after ovulation in 8/12 cycles and on the day of ovulation in only 4/12 cycles.  The day before the rise in basal body temperature coincided with ovulation in 8 cycles but occurred later in the rest.  The last day of periovulatory pain was the most insensitive marker analyzed occurring from 2 days before to 2 days after ovulation.  These findings suggest that women can accurately pinpoint the day of ovulation by identifying the day of most abundant fertile-type mucus.  Since the last day of fertile-type mucus occurred on or after the day of ovulation in all cases this day can serve as a reference point for identifying the beginning of the postovulatory infertile phase.
Tissue-Specific Deletion of the Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor Protects Mice from Virus-Induced Pancreatitis and Myocarditis
Authors: Nicole L. Kallewaard, Lili Zhang, Jin-Wen Chen, Marta Guttenberg, Melissa D. Sanchez, Jeffrey M. Bergelson
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2009)
Designing and Maintaining the Mature TCR Repertoire
Authors: Christophe Viret, F.Susan Wong, Charles A Janeway
Journal: Immunity (1999)

Peripheral T cell maintenance requires a survival signal delivered upon T cell receptor (TCR)-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule interaction. Since self-peptides play a critical role in the intrathymic positive selection of the mature TCR repertoire, we hypothesized an equally important role in T cell persistence. We used mice with a normal expression of MHC class II molecules but a restricted self-peptide complexity (H-2Mα−/−) to show that an MHC class II-restricted T cell specificity that displays a deficient positive selection in the H-2Mα−/− thymus shows an impaired persistence after adoptive transfer in H-2Mα−/− recipients. Finally, a wild-type CD4+ TCR repertoire is incompletely maintained in H-2Mα−/− recipients. These observations suggest that, similar to intrathymic positive selection, the maintenance of the mature TCR repertoire relies on the recognition of self-peptide:self-MHC complexes.
Steroid Contraceptives in the People's Republic of China
Authors: Carl Djerassi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

The history of population policy and contraception in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is fairly well documented1 from the period of the initial Communist victory in 1949 until the beginning of the Cultural Revolution in 1966. Since then reports have been sporadic, anecdotal and frequently even contradictory. Compare the following two 1971 quotations: "All means of family planning and contraception are available except for the scarcity of hormonal contraceptive pills which are considered too expensive and possibly dangerous to the mother's health."2 "The present pill is now manufactured in the billions in the largest chain of labs of this . . .
Hepatic expression of hepatitis C virus RNA in chronic hepatitis C: A study byin situ reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction
Authors: G K Lau, G L Davis, S P Wu, R G Gish, L A Balart, J Y Lau
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicates at a low rate and this makes its detection and intrahepatic localization difficult. To evaluate the clinical implications and effect of interferon alfa (IFN–α) therapy on hepatic expression of HCV RNA, HCV RNA was detected by in situ reverse–transcription polymerase chain reaction (IS–RT–PCR) in formalin–fixed paraffin–embedded liver sections from 26 patients with chronic hepatitis C. Results were compared with RT–PCR of HCV RNA extracted from liver sections/tissue. Twenty–four paired post–IFN–α treatment biopsy specimens were also assessed. Using RT–PCR of the extracted RNA as a positive standard and non–HCV liver sections as the negative standard, the sensitivity and specificity of IS–RT–PCR were 69% and 100%, respectively. HCV RNA was detected in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes (median, 5% hepatocytes positive; range, 0 to 35%) and very occasionally in infiltrating mononuclear cells. There was no correlation between hepatic expression of HCV RNA and the clinical, biochemical parameters, total and activity scores of histology activity index. Presence of HCV RNA in liver as detected by IS–RT–PCR was associated with higher serum HCV RNA levels (4.9 × 106 vs. 0.4 × 106 genome Eq/mL, P &lt; .01). There was no difference in the pretreatment proportion of HCV RNA–positive hepatocytes among patients with different biochemical responses to IFN–α therapy. In the posttreatment samples, HCV RNA was undetectable by IS–RT–PCR in 16 of 24 patients ( P &lt; .01), including all 4 patients who had complete and sustained response (SR). We conclude that HCV RNA was detected by IS–RT–PCR in 0 to 35% of hepatocytes in patients with chronic HCV infection, detection of HCV RNA in liver by IS–RT–PCR was associated with higher viremia levels and IFN–α therapy reduced hepatocytic expression of HCV RNA.
Referral of elderly patients with severe renal failure: questionnaire survey of physicians
Authors: R G Parry, A Crowe, J M Stevens, J C Mason, P Roderick
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The proportion of elderly people in the United Kingdom is increasing. The increasing number of those with renal failure is reflected in an increase in the total number of elderly patients receiving renal replacement. In 1992, 12% of patients undergoing such treatment were over 75 compared with 3% in 1982.

Dialysis is feasible in elderly people,1 2 3 but there may be bias against referring elderly patients with renal failure to nephrologists.2 3 4 The reasons for low referral rates are unclear but may include lack of resources, poor prognosis, or judgments about the quality of life of elderly people. To study the factors applying to the referral of elderly patients with renal failure we undertook a questionnaire survey of hospital physicians.

We sent 203 questionnaires to general physicians and elderly …
The shrimp IKK–NF-κB signaling pathway regulates antimicrobial peptide expression and may be subverted by white spot syndrome virus to facilitate viral gene expression
Authors: Pei-Hui Wang, Zhi-Hua Gu, Ding-Hui Wan, Bo-Du Liu, Xian-De Huang, Shao-Ping Weng, Xiao-Qiang Yu, Jian-Guo He
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2013)

The IκB kinases IKKα and IKKβ and the IKK-related kinases TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and IKKε are the master regulators of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Although this pathway has been extensively studied in mammals, less attention has been paid in crustaceans, which have significant economic value. Here, we report the cloning and functional studies of two IKK homologs, LvIKKβ and LvIKKε, from Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. LvIKKβ and LvIKKε mRNAs are widely expressed in different tissues and are responsive to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. When overexpressed in Drosophila S2 cells, LvIKKβ but not LvIKKε activates the promoters of NF-κB pathway-controlled antimicrobial peptide genes (AMPs), such as the Penaeidins (PENs). In HEK 293T cells, both LvIKKβ and LvIKKε activate an NF-κB reporter. The silencing of LvIKKβ or LvIKKε using double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) decreases the expression of L. vannamei AMPs, including PENs, lysozyme and crustins. Intriguingly, LvIKKβ- or LvIKKε-silenced L. vannamei are resistant to WSSV infection. We hypothesized that successful infection with WSSV requires the activation of the IKK–NF-κB signaling pathway to modulate viral gene expression. We constructed luciferase reporters for 147 WSSV genes. By screening, we found that the WSV051, WSV059, WSV069, WSV083, WSV090, WSV107, WSV244, WSV303, WSV371 and WSV445 promoters can be activated by LvIKKβ or LvIKKε in Drosophila S2 cells. Taken together, our results reveal that LvIKKβ and LvIKKε may participate in the regulation of shrimp AMPs and that WSSV may subvert the L. vannamei IKK–NF-κB signaling pathway to facilitate viral gene expression.
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 deficiency prolongs survival and protects against the development of pulmonary inflammation during murine lupus.
Authors: C M Lloyd, J A Gonzalo, D J Salant, J Just, J C Gutierrez-Ramos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

One of the characteristic features of the lupus syndrome in humans and mice is the organ-specific accumulation of leukocytes within a variety of different tissues; however, the etiology of this phenomenon remains unclear. The work presented here determined the role of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 in the development of pulmonary leukocyte accumulation by generating MRL/MpJ-Faslpr mice that are genetically deficient in this critical adhesion molecule. Interestingly, these MRL/MpJ-Faslpr ICAM-1 knockout mice exhibit prolonged survival times compared to littermates expressing ICAM-1. We have determined that lack of ICAM-1 completely abrogates the development of pulmonary inflammation but does not prevent the development of autoantibodies, lymphadenopathy, and glomerulonephritis. Furthermore, the lack of pulmonary inflammation was found to be due to decreased migration of leukocytes to the lung rather than decreased in situ proliferation of cells.
Lymphocyte homing and clinical behavior of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Authors: S Jalkanen, H Joensuu, K O Söderström, P Klemi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Lymphocyte homing receptors (HRs) defined by Hermes antibodies (anti-CD44) and lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1, CD11a/CD18) are involved in lymphocyte binding to endothelial cells of high endothelial venules (HEVs) at sites where lymphocytes exit the blood. Their expression was correlated to the clinical behavior of 245 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas followed up for the median of 87 mo after the diagnosis. Lymphomas that showed no or weak staining intensity for HRs were more often of stage I (P = 0.005), disseminated less frequently hematogenously (P = 0.003), and had more favorable prognosis than lymphomas with intensive staining for HRs (P less than 0.0001) despite that they were more often histologically of high grade malignancy (P = 0.002). Expression of LFA-1 beta chain (CD18) did not correlate significantly with stage or survival, but had prognostic value in a subgroup of HR expression negative lymphomas (P = 0.03). HR staining intensity was an independent prognostic factor in a multivariate analysis. These findings indicate that Hermes/CD44 molecule is associated to the determination of the metastatic potential and prognosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. They also reveal a new entity among non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, because lymphomas that express low levels of HR have favorable prognosis despite their often highly malignant histological appearance.
Distinct TCR signaling pathways drive proliferation and cytokine production in T cells
Authors: Clifford S Guy, Kate M Vignali, Jamshid Temirov, Matthew L Bettini, Abigail E Overacre, Matthew Smeltzer, Hui Zhang, Johannes B Huppa, Yu-Hwai Tsai, Camille Lobry, Jianming Xie, Peter J Dempsey, Howard C Crawford, Iannis Aifantis, Mark M Davis, Dario A A Vignali
Journal: Nature Immunology (2013)
STUDIES ON ENTRY AND EGRESS OF POLIOMYELITIC INFECTION
Authors: Harold K. Faber, Luther Dong
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

1. The effects of viremia on the CNS of cynomolgus monkeys were studied by comprehensive histological examination following inoculations of approximately equal amounts of the same strain of poliomyelitis virus into the femoral vein, carotid artery, and vertebral artery, respectively, of four animals in each case. 2. The intravenous injections failed to produce lesions in the CNS, indicating that an effective mechanism exists for the removal of virus from the blood stream. While not absolute, the degree of protection of the CNS afforded by this mechanism appears to be of major importance. 3. Inoculations into the carotid artery failed to produce significant lesions in the CNS in two animals; only a few minor lesions in one; and bulbar paralysis in one. The neuronal areas supplied by the carotid artery are in general those of low susceptibility to poliomyelitis virus. 4. Inoculations into the vertebral artery, which supplies neuronal areas of high susceptibility, produced in all four animals severe symmetrical and widely distributed lesions in the brainstem, chiefly the motor centers of the pons, medulla, and cord, and maximal in the cord. Involvement of all of the various affected areas appeared to be simultaneous. 5. Viremic invasion of the CNS appears to occur at many points by direct passage of virus from capillary to neuron, and not at a single area of specialized vascular permeability. 6. Comparison of the two routes of arterial inoculation indicates that: (a) the localizations of CNS lesions from viremia depend largely upon the susceptibilities of exposed nerve cells in a given region; (b) in areas of high neuron susceptibility the blood-neuron "barrier" does not present an obstacle of importance to the passage of virus. 7. Invasion of the CNS from the blood results in a notable difference in the initial localization of lesions from that produced by invasion by way of the peripheral nerves, the latter tending to occur in isolated nuclear groups, usually in the lower brainstem, related to the regional supply.