tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Development of the coronary arteries in the embryonic human heart.
Authors: G M Hutchins, A Kessler-Hanna, G W Moore
Journal: Circulation (1988)

It is not known why the coronary arteries almost always originate only from the right and left aortic sinuses of Valsalva, since the structure and conditions appear to be the same for all six sinuses of the embryonic great arteries. We sought a possible mechanical explanation for the phenomenon by studying the development of the coronary vasculature in 351 staged, serially sectioned human embryos of Carnegie stages 9 through 23 from the Carnegie Embryological Collection. A plexus of blind epicardial capillaries appears on the heart in Carnegie stage 14 or 15 and acquires a coronary sinus connection in stage 15, 16, or 17. The connection of the proximal coronary arteries to the aorta does not appear until stage 18. We found no histologic features of the cardiac nerves or any other component of the tissues to account for the consistent origin of coronary arteries from the right and left aortic sinuses of Valsalva. However, serial section reconstructions showed that the two sinuses where coronary arteries develop acquire a positive transverse curvature and a negative longitudinal curvature, i.e., a catenoidal or saddle-shaped configuration, before the appearance of the coronary arteries. The four noncoronary sinuses also have a positive transverse curvature, but longitudinally, in contrast, they have a positive curvature or are straight. The results suggest that the coronary arteries originate from those sinuses of Valsalva where wall tension is increased by a catenoidal configuration.
Timing the Blood Smear For Malaria Diagnosis
Authors: Edward K. Markell
Journal: JAMA (1967)

ABSTRACT To the Editor:— Dr. Shookhoff's point concerning the necessity of immediate blood films whenever malaria enters even remotely into the differential diagnosis is, of course, well taken, and I echo it heartily. My objection, with which I am sure Dr. Shookhoff would be in equally hearty agreement, is to the common practice of ordering such smears only at the time of a fever spike.Dr. Shookhoff and I concur in essentials; my statement that a film taken at the height of fever  be devoid of recognizable parasites and his observation that such a film  contain only ring forms... [which] are small and may be overlooked are perhaps two different ways of emphasizing the same problem. The technician, who sees little malaria (as most do), needs an optimum film for specific diagnosis and will not get one if smears are ordered to be taken only when the patient has
Aspects of Nutrition after Vagotomy and Gastrojejunostomy
Authors: A. G. Cox, M. R. Bond, D. A. Podmore, D. P. Rose
Journal: BMJ (1964)

From a consecutive series of 120 patients with chronic duodenal ulcer treated by vagotomy and posterior gastrojejuno- stomy approximately four years previously, 25 were excluded because of death (5), reoperation (7), failure to attend (7), and distance from Sheffield (6).The 95 patients remaining for detailed investigation were 75 males and 20 females.Some were unable to undergo all the tests planned.All results described as " after operation" refer to the study of these patients approximately four years after vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy.In order to have data with which to compare the results, information was taken from various sources, which are described in the next section.This information is called "control" data.
Intravenous Nitroglycerin and Heparin Resistance
Authors: MOH'D A. HABBAB
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1986Intravenous Nitroglycerin and Heparin ResistanceMOH'D A. HABBAB, M.D., JACOB I. HAFT, M.D.MOH'D A. HABBAB, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JACOB I. HAFT, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-2-305_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Propylene glycol has been reported to induce heparin resistance during intravenous nitroglycerin infusion (1). We report the same effect induced by the initiation and termination of the infusion of two different preparations of intravenous nitroglycerin, one with propylene glycol and the other without, occurring in a single patient.A 54-year-old man had percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of a lesion on the left circumflex coronary artery. Although the vessel was dilated from a 99% to a 30% occlusion, he developed pressure-like chest pain immediately after the procedure. A repeat angiogram revealed spasm. Redilation was done and a continuous...References1. COLCOL-DEBEYSLAVENNE-PARDONGE JCE. Propylene glycol-induced heparin resistance during nitroglycerin infusion. Am Heart J. 1985;110:171-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. HOLLMANGRUENTZIGDOUGLAS JAJ. Acute occlusion after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty—a new approach. Circulation. 1983;68:725-32. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. RENTROPFEITBLANKE KFH. Effects of intracoronary streptokinase and intracoronary nitroglycerin infusion on coronary angiographic patterns and mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1984;311:1457-63. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Saint Michael's Medical Center Newark, NJ 07102 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byNitrates, organicDrugs Used to Treat Hypertension, Heart Failure, and Angina PectorisNitrates, organicTherapeutic approach to unstable angina: Nitroglycerin, heparin, and combined therapyTherapeutic levels of nitroglycerine do not affect the uptake and release of heparin by endothelial cells in vitroAssessment of the Drug Interaction between Intravenous Nitroglycerin and HeparinNitroglycerin-induced heparin resistanceReplyIntravenous nitroglycerin-induced heparin resistance: A qualitative antithrombin III abnormalityDoes nitroglycerin induce heparin resistance?Pharmacologic and Pharmacokinetic Comparison of Antianginal Agents 1 August 1986Volume 105, Issue 2Page: 305-305KeywordsAngiographyCoronary arteriesHeparinIschemiaLesionsPercutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty Issue Published: 1 August 1986 PDF downloadLoading ...
Oral tolerance to protein antigens
Authors: Lloyd Mayer, Kirk Sperber, Lisa Chan, Joseph Child, Lisa Toy
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Oral tolerance is an active non‐response to antigens delivered via the oral route. Mechanisms governing tolerance induction have been well characterized in mouse. Similar studies in man are lacking, although there is evidence that tolerance can be induced. In disease states, tolerance is altered and this may account for the presence of mucosal inflammation. In food hypersensitivity there is evidence that allergens may be handled differently and this may play a role in disease expression.
Engineering the Regenerative Microenvironment with Biomaterials
Authors: Jeffrey J. Rice, Mikaël M. Martino, Laura De Laporte, Federico Tortelli, Priscilla S. Briquez, Jeffrey A. Hubbell
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Abstract Modern synthetic biomaterials are being designed to integrate bioactive ligands within hydrogel scaffolds for cells to respond and assimilate within the matrix. These advanced biomaterials are only beginning to be used to simulate the complex spatio‐temporal control of the natural healing microenvironment. With increasing understanding of the role of growth factors and cytokines and their interactions with components of the extracellular matrix, novel biomaterials are being developed that more closely mimic the natural healing environments of tissues, resulting in increased efficacy in applications of tissue repair and regeneration. Herein, the important aspects of the healing microenvironment, and how these features can be incorporated within innovative hydrogel scaffolds, are presented.
Noninvasive Testing for Silent Myocardial Ischemia in Stable Coronary Patients
Authors: Mark A. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The study by Moss et al<sup>1</sup>on the prognostic value of noninvasive testing after coronary events is a well-conceived but misinterpreted study. In the study and in a front-page newspaper story, Moss<sup>2</sup>said these tests "failed to pinpoint those most at risk," that "Hillary Clinton would be very pleased with the results," and suggested that up to $1 billion a year is wasted on these "unnecessary tests." These gross generalizations are not supported by their data. First, we are told briefly that ischemia on the resting ECG, exercise ECG, and thallium tests was in fact associated with a (statistically significant?) increased rate of cardiac events defined in the traditional manner of death, recurrent myocardial infarction, unstable angina, or revascularization (coronary artery bypass graft [CABG] or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty [PTCA]). Only when revascularization was not considered an end point did these associations lessen. Patients revascularized
Agranulocytosis and Severe Leucopenia after Chlorpromazine
Authors: J. C. L. Adams, K. D. F. Corti, Q. J. G. Hobson
Journal: BMJ (1956)

The prime factor in this method is the use of nitrous oxide with a percentage of oxygen at or near that of atmospheric air, thereby ensuring a lack of hypoxia.The advantages claimed for the method are its added safety, the smoothness of the operating conditions, and its suitability for even quite young children.My thanks are due to the dental surgeons and lady attendants at these clinics for their invaluable help, and to Dr. G. F. Bram]ey, County M.O.H.
Methotrexate in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: JOSHUA WEINSTEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1988Methotrexate in Rheumatoid ArthritisJOSHUA WEINSTEIN, M.D.JOSHUA WEINSTEIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-4-640_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Nordstrom and associates (1) feel that methotrexate may not be able to significantly alter the rate of radiographic progression of joint damage. Their radiologic criteria combine erosions and joint space narrowing. However, joint space narrowing from secondary degenerative changes in a minimally altered cartilage substrate could have been included with the joint space narrowing solely related to rheumatoid arthritis, especially in view of the 40- to 74-year-old range of this population. As such, is separate data available on the number of new erosions developing in previously totally unaffected joints? Furthermore, because it seems that some of these...Reference1. NORDSTROMWESTANDERSENSHARP DSPJ. Pulse methotrexate therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: a controlled prospective roentgenographic study. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:797-801. LinkGoogle Scholar1. NORDSTROMWESTANDERSENSHARP DSPJ. Pulse methotrexate therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: a controlled prospective roentgenographic study. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:797-801. LinkGoogle Scholar2. SHARPYOUNGBLUHMBROOKBROWERCORBETT JDGAAM. How many joints in the hands and wrists should be included in a score of radiologic abnormalities used to assess rheumatoid arthritis? Arthritis Rheum. 1985;28:1326-35. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, NY 10461 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1988Volume 108, Issue 4Page: 640-641KeywordsCartilageMethotrexateRheumatoid arthritis Issue Published: 1 April 1988 PDF DownloadLoading ...
The role of transforming growth factor-β1 and oxidative stress in podoconiosis pathogenesis
Authors: S. Addisu, T.H. El-Metwally, G. Davey, Y. Worku, M.A. Titheradge
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Background Podoconiosis (endemic nonfilarial elephantiasis) occurs in susceptible individuals who go barefoot in regions of irritant volcanic soil. Silicate particles absorbed via the skin are thought to induce an inflammatory process and a consequent endolymphangitis of the lower leg lymphatics. Objectives To establish which oxidative stress biomarkers play a part in the inflammatory process, and to test whether transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 also has a pathogenetic role. Patients and methods We enrolled 50 patients with early clinical stage disease, 43 patients with advanced stage disease and 35 local healthy controls. Oxidative stress biomarkers included serum total peroxides (TP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total nitrate plus nitrite (TN), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The oxidative stress index (OSI) was also determined. Serum total TGF-β1 was assayed using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Compared with healthy controls, patients with early stage disease showed significantly higher mean levels of TP (P < 0·001), MDA (P < 0·05) and OSI (P < 0·01); and significantly lower mean concentrations of SOD (P < 0·001) and TGF-β1 (P < 0·001). Mean levels of TGF-β1 were even lower among patients with advanced stage disease (P < 0·001). Mean TAC levels were significantly lower among patients with advanced disease than either other group (P < 0·001). Conclusions This is the first study, to our knowledge, to attempt to elucidate the molecular pathogenetic events in podoconiosis. We conclude that TGF-β1 may have a pathogenetic role, with oxidative stress playing a minor role in the early stages of disease.
Phase II study of etoposide, ifosfamide, and mitoxantrone for the treatment of resistant adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Gary Schiller, Myung Lee, Mary Territo, James Gajewski, Stephen Nimer
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract Although combination chemotherapy induces complete remission in 60–90% of adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, only 20–45% of patients remain in continued remission 5 years from diagnosis. For patients with a short first remission, multiple relapses, or patients with disease refractory to initial induction chemotherapy, few salvage treatments are successful. To improve the results of salvage therapy we studied the efficacy and toxicity of a combination of etoposide (100 mg/m 2 IV qd × 5), ifosfamide (1.5 g/m 2 /d × 5), and mitoxantrone (8 mg/m 2 /d IV × 3) in 11 adult patients with relapsed or refractory ALL. The median follow‐up of all patients completing therapy is 208 days (30–484+ days). Eight of 11 (73%; 95% confidence interval 45–92%) achieved a complete remission, two patients failed to enter remission, and one patient died of multiorgan system failure shortly after receiving therapy. Median DFS is 96 days and median survival from remission is 234 days. Five patients who achieved CR subsequently relapsed with a median time to relapse of 80 days (50–151 days). Median time to granulocyte &gt; .5 × 10 9 /L was 28 days (21–46 days) and the median time to platelet recovery &gt; 20 × 10 9 /L was 24 days (21–39 days). Although gastrointestinal toxicity was common, no patient developed severe cardiac, hepatic, pulmonary, or neurologic complications. These results demonstrate that the combination of etoposide, ifosfamide, and mitoxantrone can be used as an effective salvage therapy for patients with resistant ALL.
NOVEL ROLE FOR BIOACTIVE LIPIDS IN STEM CELL MOBILIZATION DURING MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA: A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC TARGET
Authors: Ahmed Abdel-Latif, Anush K. Karapetyan, Khaled Ziada, Manjula Sunkara, Ewa K. Zuba-Surma, Samy Selim, Susan Smyth, Mariusz Z. Ratajczak, Andrew J. Morris
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Clinical Teaching in Poor-Law Infirmaries
Authors: Theo. Fisher
Journal: BMJ (1892)

Haemorrhagic diathesis has been of much concern to health professionals including dentists. It is not infrequent that a dentist becomes the first person to diagnose a bleeding disorder while performing dental treatment. Haemophilia is an X linked disorder with a frequency of about 1:10 000 births. Haemophilia B is much less common than haemophilia A, and affects only 1:300 000 males born alive. The clinical features of haemophilia B are very similar to those of haemophilia A with a prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time. This case report describes the dental management of a patient with an uncommon haematological disorder, namely, factor IX deficiency, which remained undiagnosed until the patient had to undergo dentofacial trauma with unexpected severe haemorrhage. Preventive dentistry remains vital to young haemophiliacs. Surgical dental procedures may be performed for haemophiliacs but they must be judiciously coordinated by dental and medical health professionals.
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides) relapsed with different immunological phenotype after bone marrow transplant
Authors: S. Okada, Y. Nannya, S. Ota, Y. Takazawa, G. Yamamoto, K. Kumano, K. Izutsu, T. Takahashi, S. Chiba, M. Kurokawa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)
Presynaptic β‐adrenoceptors
Authors: Yoshimi Misu, Takao Kubo
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (1986)

The existence of facilitatory presynaptic beta-adrenoceptors has been shown in approximately 30 tissues of 6 different species including human. A positive feed back loop for further release of the transmitter appears to be activated by an endogenous agonist, epinephrine, taken up and released as a cotransmitter with norepinephrine rather than norepinephrine itself released from peripheral noradrenergic nerve terminals. Presynaptic beta-adrenoceptors are mainly of a beta 2-subtype. Some beta 1-subtype receptors are also suggested. There coexist presynaptic beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors in cat and rat hypothalamus. Higher sensitivity of peripheral presynaptic beta-adrenoceptors to isoproterenol may be implicated in the early development of hypertension in SHR. Epinephrine taken up and released initiates the development of hypertension in rats via activation of these receptors. Increased activation of these receptors by epinephrine may play a role in the development of essential hypertension. The antihypertensive action of beta-antagonists may be in part due to blockade of these facilitatory presynaptic beta-adrenoceptors.
Instruments for Assessing Risk of Bias and Other Methodological Criteria of Published Animal Studies: A Systematic Review
Authors: David Krauth, Tracey J. Woodruff, Lisa Bero
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Background: Results from animal toxicology studies are critical to evaluating the potential harm from exposure to environmental chemicals or the safety of drugs prior to human testing. However, there is significant debate about how to evaluate the methodology and potential biases of the animal studies. There is no agreed-upon approach, and a systematic evaluation of current best practices is lacking.Objective: We performed a systematic review to identify and evaluate instruments for assessing the risk of bias and/or other methodological criteria of animal studies.Method: We searched Medline (January 1966–November 2011) to identify all relevant articles. We extracted data on risk of bias criteria (e.g., randomization, blinding, allocation concealment) and other study design features included in each assessment instrument.Discussion: Thirty distinct instruments were identified, with the total number of assessed risk of bias, methodological, and/or reporting criteria ranging from 2 to 25. The most common criteria assessed were randomization (25/30, 83%), investigator blinding (23/30, 77%), and sample size calculation (18/30, 60%). In general, authors failed to empirically justify why these or other criteria were included. Nearly all (28/30, 93%) of the instruments have not been rigorously tested for validity or reliability.Conclusion: Our review highlights a number of risk of bias assessment criteria that have been empirically tested for animal research, including randomization, concealment of allocation, blinding, and accounting for all animals. In addition, there is a need for empirically testing additional methodological criteria and assessing the validity and reliability of a standard risk of bias assessment instrument.Citation: Krauth D, Woodruff TJ, Bero L. 2013. Instruments for assessing risk of bias and other methodological criteria of published animal studies: a systematic review. Environ Health Perspect 121:985–992 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1206389
Adverse Effects of Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Strategies to Mitigate Them
Authors: Paul L. Nguyen, Shabbir M.H. Alibhai, Shehzad Basaria, Anthony V. D’Amico, Philip W. Kantoff, Nancy L. Keating, David F. Penson, Derek J. Rosario, Bertrand Tombal, Matthew R. Smith
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Part time retirement could help solve manpower problems
Authors: R I Keen
Journal: BMJ (1984)

visiting might underestimate the size of the prob- lem by a similar amount.The data from Hannay and Fraser and Clayton were not "conveniently overlooked" because they were not "truly com- parable."In neither of these studies was the accuracy of apparently updated addresses on general practitioner lists compared before and after home visiting.The former was solely a home visiting programme, whereas the latter did not provide data on postal returns.Professor Fraser has also confused target population with denominator population in evaluating screening.The former is necessary for assessing population coverage, and the observation that as in the present study 25% of the population could not be contacted is of relevance.Conversely the denominator for determining response or accept- ability of screening, or both, should, as Professor Fraser agrees, exclude these missing individuals.The model Professor Fraser describes for screening would not succeed in the area referred to in this study.His estimates of 95% probability of being contactable and 4% per cent for incorrect patient record addresses are large overestimates given the results of this and the other studies.
Handbook of Physiology: A Critical, Comprehensive Presentation of Physiological Knowledge and Concepts
Authors: Maurice Van Allen
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The American Physiological Society has undertaken the publication of a series of volumes to constitute a new handbook of physiology, aimed at "a comprehensive but critical presentation of the state of knowledge in the various fields of functional biology." Revision at 10-year intervals is planned. Tremendous interest and progress in research in the neurological sciences has apparently prompted the Society to publish first the section on neurophysiology, while other sections are in preparation. This is the first of three volumes to be devoted to neurophysiology. It is an admirable start on a most ambitious project to summarize and organize the present knowledge of physiology in its several divisions. Volume I consists of 31 chapters, including an excellent survey of the history of neurophysiology by Brazier. Each chapter is written by a recognized authority in the special field of knowledge which he reviews and evaluates, but the authors have not apparently