tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Down-regulation of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins and growth modulation in hepatoma cells by retinoic acid
Authors: Dae-Ghon Kim, Dae-yeol Lee, Baik-Hwan Cho, Kyung-Ran You, Mi-Young Kim, Deuk-Soo Ahn
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

We observed that all– trans –retinoic acid (RA) down–regulated insulin–like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) in cultured human hepatoma cells (Hep 3B, PLC/PRF/5, and Hep G2); therefore, we characterized the role of this down–regulation in cell growth. Treatment with 10 μmol/L RA revealed a rapid decrease in IGFBP–3 within 2 days, and continued treatment with RA for 6 days resulted in a time–dependent stimulation of Hep 3B cell growth. However, RA treatment decreased IGFBP–1 in PLC/PRF/5 cells and in Hep G2 cells, and the growth–stimulatory activity of RA was transient and less prominent, and was finally obliterated in both cell lines. The addition of 5 ng/mL or 50 ng/mL insulin–like growth factors (IGFs) did not change the growth effects elicited by RA. The addition of IGFBP–3 (1,000 ng/mL) inhibited the growth of Hep 3B cells and counteracted the growth–stimulatory activity of RA, but not completely, suggesting that RA has direct growth–stimulatory activity and that this is enhanced by autocrine down–regulation of IGFBP–3. IGFBP–3 also inhibited the growth of PLC/PRF/5 cells and of Hep G2 cells. Treatment with phosphorylated IGFBP–1 (1,000 ng/mL) alone or with RA did not affect the growth of PLC/PRF/5 cells or Hep G2 cells. However, addition of dephosphorylated IGFBP–1, derived from in vivo dephosphorylation of the phosphorylated form, stimulated the growth of both cell lines, independent of interaction with IGF–I. From these observations, we propose that RA down–regulates IGFBPs, which in turn causes autocrine modulation of cell growth independent of IGF in hepatoma cells in vitro or in vivo . In addition, RA regulates IGFBPs at the posttranscriptional (Hep 3B cells and Hep G2 cells) or transcriptional level (PLC/PRF/5 cells) in a cell–specific manner
Childhood Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: James R. Anderson, John F. Wilson, R. Derek T. Jenkin, Anna T. Meadows, John Kersey, Robert R. Chilcote, Peter Coccia, Philip Exelby, Joseph Kushner, Stuart Siegel, Denman Hammond
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Members of the Childrens Cancer Study Group treated 234 eligible patients in a randomized trial designed to study the relative effectiveness of two therapy programs for the treatment of childhood and adolescent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Two chemotherapeutic strategies were compared: a 4-drug regimen (COMP) and a 10-drug regimen (modified LSA2-L2). Failure-free survival for all patients was 60 per cent at 24 months. In patients with disseminated disease treatment success was influenced by both the histologic subtype of disease and the therapeutic regimen followed. The 10-drug program was more effective than the 4-drug program in patients with disseminated lymphoblastic disease (two-year failure-free survival rate, 76 vs. 26 per cent, respectively; P = 0.0002), whereas the 4-drug program was more effective than the 10-drug program in those with nonlymphoblastic disease (57 vs. 28 per cent, respectively, P = 0.008). The less toxic, more easily administered 4-drug regimen was as effective as the 10-drug regimen in patients with localized disease (89 vs. 84 per cent, respectively). (N Engl J Med. 1983; 308:559–65.)
Breakthrough invasive mould infections in patients treated with caspofungin
Authors: Katy-Anna Phai Pang, Cendrine Godet, Arnaud Fekkar, Julie Scholler, Yasmine Nivoix, Valérie Letscher-Bru, Laurent Massias, Catherine Kauffmann-Lacroix, Antoine Elsendoorn, Madalina Uzunov, Annick Datry, Raoul Herbrecht
Journal: Journal of Infection (2011)
A 22-Volume Compendium?
Authors: Glenn R. Stoutt
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I am referring to a letter to the editor in the issue of Dec 16, 1974, by Robert J. White of Cleveland (230:1512, 1974). The letter concerned a previous article about the author Anton Chekhov. I am quoting from his letter: "To give some idea of the truly monumental size of his correspondence, the last eight volumes of a 22-volume compendium of his works,..." The word "compendium" means a concise summary. Perhaps the ponderousness of the word itself leads many to use it erroneously to imply a huge encyclopedic collection. This is not the case. I think it is excellent for physicians to become interested in literature and the other liberal arts, but I do think that when we write about them, we should be exact in our wording. This may be a minor point, but the English language is being so debased gradually, that we may soon
3α-Androstanediol Kinetics in Man
Authors: T. Kinouchi, R. Horton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Kinetics of 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17beta-diol (3alpha-diol) were studied in man. Clearance rates were determined by both the constant infusion and single injection techniques. Production rates were calculated as the product of clearance rate data and plasma values in the a.m. obtained by a radioimmunoassay specific for 3alpha-diol. Mean metabolic clearance rates were 1,776+/-492 (SD) liters/day in males and 1,297+/-219 (SD) liters/day in females. Metabolic clearance rates by single injection were similar. Calculated production rates are 208+/-26 (SD) mug/day in males and 35+/-11 mug/day in females, which are significantly different. Hepatic extraction of 3alpha-diol determined by hepatic vein catheterization during constant infusion was 76% which was greater than expected from information on in vitro binding in plasma. The kinetic data is of interest since 3alpha-diol has a calculated inner pool (V(1)) volume of 12-14 liters, similar to 17beta-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one (testosterone) and 5alpha-androstan-17beta-ol-3-one (dihydrotestosterone), but the calculated outer pool (V(2)) of 33.5 liters is very large as are the metabolic rate and transfer constant. In contrast to testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, 3alpha-diol, although bound to sex hormone binding globulin, has a high metabolic clearance of which a large fraction represents extrahepatic (splanchnic) metabolism. A production rate of 3alpha-diol similar to dihydrotestosterone together with rather unique kinetic characteristics encourages further investigation of the biological role of this potent androgen.
Evolution of Nucleotide Substitutions and Gene Regulation in the Amylase Multigenes in Drosophila kikkawai and its Sibling Species
Authors: Nobuyuki Inomata, Tsuneyuki Yamazaki
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

In order to determine evolutionary changes in gene regulation and the nucleotide substitution pattern in a multigene family, the amylase multigenes were characterized in Drosophila kikkawai and its sibling species. The nucleotide substitution pattern was investigated. Drosophila kikkawai has four amylase genes. The Amy1 and Amy2 genes are a head-to-head duplication in the middle of the B arm of the second chromosome, while the Amy3 and Amy4 genes are a tail-to-tail duplication near the centromere of the same chromosome. In the sibling species of D. kikkawai (Drosophila bocki, Drosophila leontia, and Drosophila lini), sequencing of the Amy1, Amy2, Amy3, and Amy4 genes revealed that the Amy1 and Amy2 gene group diverged from Amy3 and Amy4 after duplication. In the Amy1 and Amy2 genes, the divergent evolution occurred in the flanking regions; in contrast, the coding regions have evolved in concerted fashion. The electrophoretic pattern of AMY isozymes was also examined. In D. kikkawai and its siblings, two or three electrophoretically different isozymes are encoded by the Amy1 and Amy2 genes (S isozyme) and by the Amy3 and Amy4 genes (F (M) isozymes). The S and F (M) isozymes show different patterns of band intensity when larvae and flies were fed in different media. Amy1 and Amy2, which encode the S isozyme, are more strikingly regulated than Amy3 and Amy4, which encode the F (M) isozyme. The GC content and codon usage bias were higher for the Amy1 and Amy2 genes than for the Amy3 and Amy4 genes. Although the ratio of synonymous and replacement substitutions within the Amy1 and Amy2 gene group was not significantly different from that within the Amy3 and Amy4 gene group, the synonymous substitution rate in the lineage of Amy1 and Amy2 was lower than that of Amy3 and Amy4. In conclusion, after the first duplication but before speciation of four species, the synonymous substitution rate between the two lineages and the electrophoretic pattern of the isozymes encoded by them changed, although we do not know whether there was any evolutionary relationship between the two.
A new role for interferon gamma in neural stem/precursor cell dysregulation
Authors: Janine Walter, Silke D Honsek, Sebastian Illes, Jennifer M Wellen, Hans-Peter Hartung, Christine R Rose, Marcel Dihné
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2011)

The identification of factors that compromise neurogenesis is aimed at improving stem cell-based approaches in the field of regenerative medicine. Interferon gamma (IFNγ) is a main pro-inflammatory cytokine and up-regulated during several neurological diseases. IFNγ is generally thought to beneficially enhance neurogenesis from fetal or adult neural stem/precursor cells (NSPCs). We now provide direct evidence to the contrary that IFNγ induces a dysfunctional stage in a substantial portion of NSPC-derived progeny in vitro characterized by simultaneous expression of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and neuronal markers, an abnormal gene expression and a functional phenotype neither typical for neurons nor for mature astrocytes. Dysfunctional development of NSPCs under the influence of IFNγ was finally demonstrated by applying the microelectrode array technology. IFNγ exposure of NSPCs during an initial 7-day proliferation period prevented the subsequent adequate differentiation and formation of functional neuronal networks. Our results show that immunocytochemical analyses of NSPC-derived progeny are not necessarily indicating the correct cellular phenotype specifically under inflammatory conditions and that simultaneous expression of neuronal and glial markers rather point to cellular dysregulation. We hypothesize that inhibiting the impact of IFNγ on NSPCs during neurological diseases might contribute to effective neurogenesis and regeneration.
Scintigraphic validation of a magnetic resonance imaging method to study gastric emptying of a solid meal in humans
Authors: C Feinle, P Kunz, P Boesiger, M Fried, W Schwizer
Journal: Gut (1999)

Background We have previously used a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method to study gastric emptying of liquids. So far, however, it has not possible to assess solid gastric emptying with this technique. Aims To validate scintigraphically MRI as a method for measuring emptying of a mixed solid/liquid meal. Methods In eight healthy subjects, gastric emptying of a solid/liquid (SM) and a liquid meal (LM) of identical energy content and macronutrient composition was studied by scintigraphy and MRI for 120 minutes. Results MRI and scintigraphy agreed with respect to emptying profiles (intraclass correlation coefficient (R I ) SM : 0.988, R I, LM : 0.917), t 1/2 (SM MRI : 129 (9), SM Scinti : 123 (11) minutes, NS; LM MRI : 100 (7), LM Scinti : 110 (8) minutes, NS) and AUC (SM MRI : 8999 (232), SM Scinti : 8788 (277) min%, NS; LM MRI : 8819 (368), LM Scinti : 8891 (321) min%, NS). Conclusions MRI can be used to measure reliably gastric emptying not only of liquid but also of mixed solid/liquid meals in humans.
Viral antigen and extensive division maintain virus-specific CD8 T cells during chronic infection
Authors: Haina Shin, Shawn D. Blackburn, Joseph N. Blattman, E. John Wherry
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

Efficient maintenance of memory CD8 T cells is central to long-term protective immunity. IL-7– and IL-15–driven homeostatic proliferation is essential for long-term memory CD8 T cell persistence after acute infections. During chronic infections, however, virus-specific CD8 T cells respond poorly to these cytokines. Yet, virus-specific CD8 T cells often persist for long periods of time during chronic infections. We have addressed this apparent paradox by examining the mechanism for maintaining virus-specific CD8 T cells during chronic infection. We find that homeostatic cytokines (e.g., IL-7/15), inflammatory signals, and priming of recent thymic emigrants are not sufficient to maintain virus-specific CD8 T cells over time during chronic infection. Rather, our results demonstrate that viral peptide is required for virus-specific CD8 T cell persistence during chronic infection. Moreover, this viral antigen-dependent maintenance results in a dramatically different type of T cell division than is normally observed during memory T cell homeostasis. Rather than undergoing slow, steady homeostatic turnover during chronic viral infection, CD8 T cells undergo extensive peptide-dependent division, yet cell numbers remain relatively stable. These results indicate that antigen-specific CD8 T cell responses during persisting infection are maintained by a mechanism distinct from that after acute infection.
Patient Outcomes After Lumbar Spinal Fusions
Authors: Judith A. Turner, Mary Ersek, Larry Herron, Jodie Haselkorn, Daniel Kent, Marcia A. Ciol, Richard Deyo
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To determine success and complication rates for lumbar spinal fusion surgery, predictors of good outcomes, and whether fusion improves success rates of laminectomy for specific low back disorders.English-language journal articles published from 1966 through April 1991, identified through MEDLINE searching (spinal fusion plus limiting terms), bibliography review, and expert consultation.Articles were selected only if they reported at least 1 year of follow-up data enabling the classification of clinical outcomes as satisfactory or unsatisfactory for at least 30 patients.Two reviewers independently extracted data on patient characteristics, surgical methods, patient outcomes, and quality of study methods.Of 47 articles, there were no randomized trials. Four nonrandomized studies compared surgery with and without fusion for herniated disks; three found no advantage for fusion. On average, 68% of patients had a satisfactory outcome after fusion, but the range was wide (16% to 95%), and the satisfactory outcome rate was lower in prospective than in retrospective studies. The most frequently reported complications were pseudarthrosis (14%) and chronic pain at the bone graft donor site (9%). Clinical outcomes did not differ by diagnosis or fusion technique, but were worse in studies with a greater number of previously operated patients.For several low back disorders no advantage has been demonstrated for fusion over surgery without fusion, and complications of fusions are common. Randomized controlled trials are needed to compare fusion, surgery without fusion, and nonsurgical treatments in rigorously defined patient groups.
Pseudotumours of the pancreas.
Authors: P P Anthony, R G Faber, R C Russell
Journal: BMJ (1977)

P<0C01 (2-tailed) o Men O e Women 10 .40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Body weight (kq) Simple correlation between body weight and percentage of REM sleep.In rats the amount of REM sleep in a 12 h period accurately predicted food intake in the subsequent 12 h.4These observations are consistent with the present finding and since log body weight is highly correlated with the daily metabolic rate5 it seems likely that REM sleep is closely linked to general body metabolism and restitution.
Esophageal Dysfunction in
Authors: Paul Mandelstam
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The literature is almost totally devoid of data concerning esophageal pathology and dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. Cineradiographic examination of the esophagus in 14 patients with evidence of neuropathy-gastroenteropathy revealed evidence of dysfunction in 12, manifested chiefly by absence or diminution of the primary peristaltic wave, presence of tertiary contractions, and marked delay in esophageal emptying with the patient in the recumbent position. No patient showed difficulty in the initiation of swallowing or any regurgitation of barium sulfate from the esophagus into the pharynx. In marked contrast to the high cineradiographic incidence of dysfunction, symptoms referable to the esophagus were present in only three patients and were severe in only two. This study makes clear that esophageal motor dysfunction is a common finding in diabetic neuropathy-gastroenteropathy and that it results, on occasion, in dysphagia.
Intuition of a Clinical Sort
Authors: Herbert J. Keating
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

On Being A Doctor1 November 1992Intuition of a Clinical SortHerbert J. Keating III, MDHerbert J. Keating III, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-117-9-785 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTaking care of doctors can often teach us how to take better care of other patients, especially when a given doctor-patient is a clinician of the highest excellence. I must tell you about Dr. John. I always looked forward to his visits. As the retired dean of pediatrics, John had seen it all in medicine. He began his practice when physicians were more revered than now, during an era when a baby who was not meant to survive did not. Grief was often eased by a doctor's contribution to a collective certainty that God's will had been done. Dr. John... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Veterans Affairs Medical Center Des Moines, IA 50310 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1992Volume 117, Issue 9Page: 785-785KeywordsMedical servicesPatientsPediatrics ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1992 Copyright & Permissions© 1992 American College of PhysiciansPDF downloadLoading ...
Saccharin and Bladder Cancer
Authors: John W. Gryder
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The many busy physicians who did not have time to study carefully the recent article concerning saccharin and bladder cancer by Kessler and Clark (240:349,1978) may have been misled by the last sentence of the abstract: "It is concluded that neither saccharin nor cyclamate is likely to be carcinogenic in man, at least at the moderate dietary ingestion levels reported by the patient sample." A less subjective and more scientifically satisfying abstract would give a quantitative indication of what is considered "unlikely." The information needed to make such an estimate is contained in Table 11 of the article and is stated in the text: "A 37% increase in bladder cancer risk could have been detected among NNS [nonnutritive sweetener] users with a power of 80%." Another way of defining "unlikely" is shown by Dr Kessler's statement that his study "was not sensitive enough to pick up an
ABC of vascular diseases. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.
Authors: M. A. al-Kutoubi
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Transluminal angioplasty was first described by Dotter and Judkins in 1964.They used coaxial catheters, but the technical limitations prevented its widespread acceptance until Gruntzig introduced the double lumen balloon catheter in 1976.This was both effective and easy to use, and established angioplasty as an acceptable technique for the treatment of vascular stenoses in most large arteries in the body.The simplicity and low associated morbidity have subtly altered the indications for intervention, but full clinical assessment of the patient and discussion with a vascular surgeon are essential before angioplasty is considered.There is no place for direct referral from a physician to a radiologist without consultation with a surgeon. Mechanism of dilatationThe stretching of the artery splits the intima, cracks the atheromatous plaques, and stretches -and sometimes ruptures -the media, causing local dissection and subintimal haemorrhage.Healing occurs by fibrosis and giant cell reaction with formation of neointima, resulting in a smooth lumen within a few weeks.Rightcommon iliac stenosis before (left) and after (right) balloon dilatation.Bilateral iliac origin stenoses with "kissing" balloons i;n place.Bilateral iliac origin stenoses after plaque has been dilated.
IMPAIRED PULMONARY HEMODYNAMIC-RIGHT VENTRICULAR COUPLING DURING EXERCISE IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE AND EXERCISE OSCILLATORY VENTILATION
Authors: Francesco Bandera, Greta Generati, Maria Eugenia di Sabato, Marta Pellegrino, Valentina Labate, Eleonora Alfonzetti, Serenella Castelvecchio, Francesca Giacomazzi, Lorenzo Menicanti, Marco Guazzi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Detection of slime production by means of an optimised Congo red agar plate test based on a colourimetric scale in Staphylococcus epidermidis clinical isolates genotyped for ica locus
Authors: Carla Renata Arciola, Davide Campoccia, Simonetta Gamberini, Marina Cervellati, Elena Donati, Lucio Montanaro
Journal: Biomaterials (2002)
Lead Intoxication in Children in Birmingham
Authors: P. R. Betts, R. Astley, D. N. Raine
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Of 38 children investigated between 1966 and 1971 who had a blood lead concentration greater than 37 mug/100 ml eight had encephalopathy and one died; all these eight had a blood lead concentration of 99 mug/100 ml or above. Blood lead levels are related to haemoglobin concentrations and anaemia is common in children with blood lead concentrations of 37-60 mug/100 ml, levels previously accepted as harmless.Children with blood lead concentrations greater than 60 mug/100 ml show radiological evidence of lead intoxication, and treatment for this should be considered when blood lead concentration exceeds 37 mug/100 ml. Children presenting with unexplained encephalopathy should be radiographed for evidence of lead intoxication.
Gene expression and regulation of transcription factor activator protein‐2 alpha in human mast cells
Authors: P. Welker, R. Wanner, T. Zuberbier, D. A. Groneberg, B. M. Henz
Journal: Allergy (2005)

The transcription factor activator protein (AP)-2 regulates cell-type specific gene expression during development and differentiation, but its role in mast cell development has so far not been explored.Gene expression and regulation of AP2 was assessed in normal skin, diseases with increased mast cell numbers, and in vitro models of mast cell differentiation.AP-2alpha-protein was not detectable in normal skin but in mastocytoma lesional mast cells. AP-2alpha-mRNA and -protein were also detected in leukemic mast cells (HMC-1), in the adherent fraction of peripheral blood (PBMC) and umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC), and AP-2alpha-mRNA at low levels in isolated-purified mast cells. During culture with fibroblast supernatants or SCF, AP-2alpha-mRNA was de novo expressed in KU812-cells, maintained at about the same level in PBMC and CBMC, and upregulated in HMC-1-cells. On extended culture, a down-regulation was noted at mRNA and/or protein levels. In contrast, tryptase expression increased in all cells throughout culture, as did c-Kit in normal cells, whereas in both leukemic cell lines, c-Kit was maintained unchanged at about the same level.These findings suggest a continuous activation of AP-2alpha in mastocytomas and mast cell leukemia and its transient upregulation during c-Kit dependent early steps of normal mast cell differentiation.