tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Investigation of the Skin in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Robert E. Burns
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE RECOGNIZED ASSOCIATION of rheumatoid arthritis with nodule formation, psoriasis, and certain types of chronic leg ulcers prompted a cooperative study to determine if deviations from the normal could be identified in uninvolved areas of the skin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Thirty-five persons were examined, 24 women and 11 men, 34 white and one Negro. The ages ranged from 25 to 72. Twenty-two patients had rheumatoid arthritis (Table 1); eight were receiving small doses of adrenocorticalsteroids and 14 had had no such medication for at least 4 mo previously. Thirteen patients without manifest rheumatoid arthritis served as controls. (Known normal histologic skin structure was a reference point in that portion of the investigation). Volunteers for this study were accepted at random from admissions to the Arthritis Division and the General Medical Services. The only selective factor was that of willingness to submit to a biopsy of the skin.
Hereditary angioedema caused by a point mutation of exon 7 in the Cl inhibitor gene
Authors: N. ISHII, H. ONO, H. KAWAGUCHI, H. NAKAJTMA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a genetic disease which may be detected serologically. We present a patient with HAE in whom we examined the gene defect using the polymerase chain reaction. The patient presented with recurrent episodes of abdominal pain, or non‐itchy swellings of the hands, feet, and penis. The serum levels of C1 inhibitor (C1‐INH and C4 were below normal. We determined that a single base change (C‐T) at nucleotide 1482 in the seventh exon was present in the C1‐INH gene. This mutation converted the codon for the Gln‐339 to a premature translation termination codon TAG. A point mutation in the C1‐INH gene can cause type I HAE.
Outbreak of septicaemia due to contaminated mouthwash.
Authors: J R Stephenson, S R Heard, M A Richards, S Tabaqchali
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Case 2-A girl aged 9 was taken into care on a place of safety order after her mother was thought to have burnt her deliberately on the buttocks with an electric iron.The mother was pregnant and had two other younger children.The girl had repeatedly played her mother up in the past after a long, early separation from her, and the family was well known to social workers.She showed her injury to her teacher, who contacted the police, and she was placed in an observation and assessment centre where one of us (PG) was teacher in charge.The mother was remanded in custody and the younger children were placed in children's homes.The girl gradually formed a trusting relationship in the classroom with her teachers and admitted that she had injured herself after being punished harshly.With her permission the teachers discussed this with her social worker.This was timely because the mother was about to be tried for grievous bodily harm; had she been convicted she would almost certainly have been sent to prison, so that the other children would have had to be taken into care.The girl remained in care with access to her family and was educated in a school for maladjusted children.1 Shooter RA, Cooke EM, Gaya H, et al.Food and medicaments as possible sources of hospital strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Recurrent Attacks of Acute Rheumatism in School-Children
Authors: R. A. N. Hitchens
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1958)

The recurrent attack of acute rheumatism is a paediatric and public health problem which has received increasing attention since the efficacy of specific prophylaxis has become well-recognized.One of the recommendations of the recent Report of the Rheumatic Fever Committee of the Royal College of Physicians (1957) was: "In individuals known to have had rheumatic fever, the administration of penicillin to prevent recurrences due to infection resulting from casual exposure to beta-haemolytic streptococci should be continued without interruption for a period of five years or until leaving school, whichever is the longer."Hitherto, data bearing on problems such as this have been derived mainly from American sources.This paper presents information relating to recurrent episodes of acute rheumatism observed in Cardiff school-children during the years 1931-50, before specific prophylaxis was practised locally on a wide scale.The data on which the findings are based and the method of the inquiry have already been described in detail (Hitchens, 1956).The record cards of all children who attended the school rheumatism clinic (which has always been closely associated with the local Department of Paediatrics), during the 20-year period 1931-50 were scrutinized and allocated in retrospect to appropriate diagnostic categories.As far as possible, the criteria used were those originally proposed by Duckett Jones (1944), as modified for the purposes of the M.R.C. Cortisone Trials.Two categories of acute rheumatism were distinguished:(1) Acute rheumatism with evidence of cardiac damage; and established rheumatic heart disease.(2) Acute rheumatism with no definite evidence of cardiac involvement.294
Phase I and Phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes are expressed and heterogeneously distributed in the biliary epithelium
Authors: Fatima Lakehal, Dominique Wendum, Véronique Barbu, Laurent Becquemont, Raoul Poupon, Pierre Balladur, Laurent Hannoun, François Ballet, Philippe H. Beaune, Chantal Housset
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Tissue expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes influences susceptibility to drugs and carcinogens. Because the biliary epithelium, exposed to bile-borne chemicals, may give rise to drug-induced cholangiopathies and to cholangiocarcinomas, we determined the pattern of expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes in this epithelium. We first demonstrated by blot analyses that biliary epithelial cells (BEC) isolated from human gallbladders display cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A, 2E1, and 3A, microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH), α, μ, and π glutathione S -transferase (GST), transcripts and proteins. We also identified CYP-associated steroid 6β-hydroxylase activity in BEC. CYP and mEH expression was 5- to 20-fold lower in BEC than in autologous hepatocytes, and further differed by a higher ratio of CYP3A5/CYP3A4, and by CYP1A1 predominance over CYP1A2. αGST was highly expressed in both hepatocytes and BEC, while πGST was restricted to BEC. In approximately 50% of individuals, μGST was expressed in hepatocytes and at lower levels in BEC. By using the same antibodies as those used in immunoblots, we could show by immunohistochemistry that CYP2E1, CYP3A, mEH, α, μ, and πGST immunoreactivities are expressed and display a heterogeneous distribution in the epithelium lining the entire biliary tract except for small intrahepatic bile ducts that were devoid of CYP3A and αGST immunoreactivities. In conclusion, BEC contribute to phase II, and although to a lesser extent than hepatocytes, to phase I biotransformation. The distribution of drug-metabolizing enzymes in BEC suggest that they are heterogeneous in their ability to generate and detoxicate reactive metabolites, which may contribute to specific distributions of cholangiopathies.
REACTIVITY OF RED CELL ELUATES AND SERUMS IN PATIENTS WITH ACQUIRED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA AND CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA*
Authors: Jerome I. Brody
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1962)

The purpose of this study was to define further the immunologic characteristics of the Coombspositive red cell eluates and serums of patients with acquired hemolytic anemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia by determining whether they are reactive with and related to autologous neoplastic lymphocytes. These erythrocyte-coating globulins have provoked a great deal of investigative and clinical interest and as a result certain of their properties are well recognized. It is generally agreed that they are heterogeneous globulins (1) which sensitize human erythrocytes both in vitro and in vivo without regard to cell type (2) and that they may stimulate antiglobulins when injected into an appropriate recipient (3). Nevertheless, the immunologic origin of these proteins has not been adequately delineated. The frequency with which Coombs-positive acquired hemolytic anemia occurs in chronic lymphocytic leukemia as opposed to other leukemias and lymphomas (4-7) and the improvement which may follow the administration of lympholytic drugs, such as the adrenocortical steroids (8), suggested that the autologous, circulating, neoplastic lymphocyte might function as an antigenic challenge in these patients. This concept has been discussed on prior occasions (9, 10), but experimental evidence to sustain this supposition has been inconclusive. The technique of immune adherence (11), in which an antigen either macroscopically or microscopically adheres to a primate red cell or nonprimate platelet indicator, only in the presence of complement and specific antibody, was employed in this investigation because its suitability for the detection of antigen-antibody reactions has been
Baclofen Improves Symptoms and Reduces Postprandial Flow Events in Patients With Rumination and Supragastric Belching
Authors: Kathleen Blondeau, Veerle Boecxstaens, Nathalie Rommel, Richard Farré, Stephanie Depeyper, Lieselot Holvoet, Guy Boeckxstaens, Jan F. Tack
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2011)
Lowering Lipids Improves Coronary Arterial Anatomy
Authors: Edward Attarian
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I am writing to express my deep concern about the article by Kane et al<sup>1</sup>concerning regression of coronary atherosclerosis by drug treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia. In the section under "Results" regarding regression vs progression, the authors indicate that there was "a strong but not statistically significant" difference. And yet their conclusions state that the treatment of the patients did indeed result in improvement. In the next article in the same issue of<i>JAMA</i>, Cashin-Hemphill et al<sup>2</sup>also came to the same conclusion, although they stated there were "no significant differences in major medical events experienced over the 4-year study of the period." I believe we are doing a disservice to the American public when we are spending millions of dollars to control cholesterol, and yet there are no statistical data to prove that we do in fact prolong life. I see this as one
Assessment of Right Ventricular Function by Echocardiography in Patient with Ischemic Cardiomyopathy and Non-ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ümran Koçak, Emine Bilen, Ahmet Akdi, Mehmet Erdoğan, Hüseyin Ayhan, Engin Bozkurt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Tape Recorder PA System As Hearing Aid
Authors: Harold N. Gilbert
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  I have been using a relatively inexpensive, 5-inch reel tape recorder to talk to hard of hearing patients in my internal medicine practice.  The tape recorder must have a public address system. The microphone is connected to the tape recorder and held in the left hand and used to speak to the patient. The ear phone is plugged into the earphone jack and placed in the patient's ear. The tape recorder is switched to record. The recording system changeover switch must be set at monitor. The volume control can be adjusted for the patient's comfort and hearing loss. The tape is not placed in the machine.  The tape recorder I am now using can be used as a 9-watt amplifier with the microphone switch off and the record switch on. It is portable, and weighs only 10 lb. It can be used either with batteries or a
PD-1 blockade reverses viral infection-induced loss of anti-tumor CD8+ T cell responses
Authors: Erica Huelsmann, Joseph Broucek, Andrew Lacek, Eugene Lusciks, Johnson Saba, Arman Nabatiyan, Andrew Zloza
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Emerging epidemiologic studies describe an increased prevalence of tumors in patients with non-oncogenic chronic viral disease (e.g., non-AIDS-defining cancers in HIV and non-hepatic cancers in HCV). However, there is a lack of basic understanding by what mechanism infections
Analogy and the brain: A new perspective on relational primacy
Authors: Usha Goswami
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Leech et al.'s demonstration that analogical reasoning can be an emergent property of low-level incremental learning processes is critical for analogical theory. Along with insights into neural learning based on the salience of dynamic spatio-temporal structure, and the neural priming mechanism of repetition suppression, it establishes relational primacy as a plausible theoretical description of how brains make analogies.
Case 92-1961
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. Kibbee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

Presentation of Case First admission. A fifty-six-year-old woman was referred to the hospital because of liver disease. Five years previously the patient spent six weeks in another hospital because of jaundice, nausea, vomiting and light stools. An enlarged liver and abnormal tests of liver function were found, and a diagnosis of hepatitis was made. Ascites and ankle edema developed late in the hospital course. During the next two years she experienced recurrent jaundice and repeated attacks of severe epistaxis, and there was an episode of hepatic coma. Esophageal varices were demonstrated by x-ray examination. Massive hematemesis occurred several times, and . . .
Intestinal Ganglioneuromatosis
Authors: Katherine DeSchryver-Kecskemeti, Ray E. Clouse, Milton N. Goldstein, Deborah Gersell, Lawrence O'Neal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

THE full clinical picture usually associated with the multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) IIb syndrome includes pheochromocytomas, medullary thyroid carcinoma, mucosal neuromas, and obstipation.1 2 3 4 The intestinal manifestations not uncommonly include a clinical and radiologic presentation resembling Hirschsprung's disease. However, instead of having aganglionosis, patients with the MEN IIb syndrome have a massive proliferation of the myenteric plexus, referred to as ganglioneuromatosis.1 The pathogenesis of this lesion is not understood. The present study of a patient with this syndrome describes a distinctive ultrastructural morphology consisting of an atypical "invasive" pattern of nerve proliferation, as well as disproportionate relative numbers of nerve endings . . .
Maternal Embryonic Leucine Zipper Kinase Is Upregulated and Required in Mammary Tumor-Initiating Cells <i>In vivo</i>
Authors: Lionel W. Hebbard, Jochen Maurer, Amber Miller, Jacqueline Lesperance, John Hassell, Robert G. Oshima, Alexey V. Terskikh
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) is expressed in several developing tissues, in the adult germ line, and in adult neural progenitors. MELK expression is elevated in aggressive undifferentiated tumors, correlating with poor patient outcome in human breast cancer. To investigate the role of MELK in mammary tumorigenesis in vivo, we used a MELK-green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter mouse, which allows prospective isolation of MELK-expressing cells based on GFP fluorescence. We found that in the normal mammary gland, cells expressing high levels of MELK were enriched in proliferating cells that express markers of mammary progenitors. The isolation of cells with high levels of MELK in mammary tumors from MMTV-Wnt1/MELK-GFP bitransgenic mice resulted in a significant enrichment of tumorsphere formation in culture and tumor initiation after transplantation into mammary fat pads of syngeneic mice. Furthermore, using lentiviral delivery of MELK-specific shRNA and limiting dilution cell transplantations, we showed that MELK function is required for mammary tumorigenesis in vivo. Our findings identify MELK as a potential target in breast tumor-initiating cells. Cancer Res; 70(21); 8863–73. ©2010 AACR.
CUMULATIVE RISK OF INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS IN CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE &amp;ndash; A POPULATION-BASED STUDY
Authors: Dinela Rushani, Jay S. Kaufman, Raluca lonescu-lttu, Andrew Mackie, Louise Pilote, Judith Therrien, Ariane Marelli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
DNA mismatch repair enzyme expression in synovial tissue
Authors: E Simelyte
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

Oxidative stress in RA synovial tissue can cause DNA damage and suppress the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system in cultured synoviocytes. This mechanism includes two enzyme complexes, hMutSalpha (hMSH2/hMSH6) and hMutSbeta (hMSH2/hMSH3).To examine the expression and distribution of MMR enzymes in synovial tissues from patients with arthritis and from normal subjects.Synovial tissues from patients with RA, osteoarthritis (OA), or normal subjects were analysed by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies to hMSH2, hMSH3, and hMSH6. MMR protein expression was evaluated by computer assisted digital image analysis.hMSH2, hMSH3, and hMSH6 were found in most synovial tissues evaluated, with greater levels in the intimal lining than sublining regions. In RA and OA, sublining perivascular staining for hMSH6 and hMSH3 was also prominent. Significantly higher sublining expression of hMSH2, hMSH3, and hMSH6 was seen in RA and OA than in normal synovium. Double label immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the main cells expressing MMR enzymes were CD68(+) and CD68(-) cells in the intimal lining.DNA MMR enzyme expression is greatest in the synovial intimal lining layer, where maximal oxidative stress in RA occurs. Although MMR enzyme expression is greater in RA than in normal tissue, this compensatory response cannot overcome the genotoxic environment, and DNA damage accumulates.
Submission to multiple journals to reduce publication times
Authors: Harvey Marcovitch
Journal: BMJ (2005)

a banner headline on the front page of a popular tabloid newspaper read: "Cancer danger of folic acid" on the basis of a paper by Charles et al on taking folate in pregnancy and risk of maternal breast cancer. 1 2 Although coverage in the broadsheets was more balanced, the overall message would inevitably cause concern to women taking folate to reduce the risk of fetal neural tube defect in a desired pregnancy.Despite the likelihood that the most likely explanation for the reported association is chance, as reported in the commentary to the paper, 2 numerous susceptible women will probably not take folate, and some of these may conceive fetuses with neural tube defects.In addition, what company or government will take responsibility for fortification of wheat and corn flour with folate, now that this question has been raised?The authors themselves point out that the numbers are small and the confidence intervals large.The risk was also associated with a much larger dose of folate than is routinely used to reduce the risk of neural tube defects.Those who write such papers and those who publish them cannot disclaim ethical responsibility for how the data are interpreted and must consider more carefully their ethical responsibilities in such situations.
Immunoglobulin epitope spreading and autoimmune disease after peptide immunization: Sm B/B'-derived PPPGMRPP and PPPGIRGP induce spliceosome autoimmunity.
Authors: J A James, T Gross, R H Scofield, J B Harley
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

Autoantibodies from many patients with systemic lupus erythematosus bind the Sm autoantigen B/B' polypeptide. The binding of serial serum specimens to the 233 overlapping octapeptides of Sm B/B' have shown that of the B/B'-derived octapeptides, PPPGMRPP and PPPGIRGP are early targets of the autoimmune response in some lupus patients. Rabbits immunized with PPPGMRPP and PPPGIRGP develop antibodies which not only bind these octapeptides, but also subsequently bind many other octapeptides of Sm B/B'. Eventually, the rabbits immunized with one octapeptide develop autoantibodies that bind other spliceosomal proteins including D, 70K, A, and C. Any mechanisms that operate to maintain tolerance or anergy for the spliceosome are thus overcome. Features considered typical of human systemic lupus erythematosus are also found in these peptide-immunized animals, such as antinuclear antibodies, anti-Sm precipitins, anti-double-stranded DNA, thrombocytopenia, seizures, and proteinuria. This disease model provides access to a mechanism for the development of humoral autoimmunity and may provide a basis to explain the immunopathogenesis of lupus in humans.
Cimetidine and metoclopramide in oesophageal reflux disease.
Authors: J G Temple, G V Bradby, F O O'Connor, K S Panesar, T O Mulligan, T J Robinson, D W Ward
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Cimetidine and metoclopramide in oesophageal reflux diseaseAlthough cimetidine is effective in oesophageal reflux disease,' it is not as consistently useful as in peptic ulceration.Metoclopramide increases lower oesophageal sphincter pressure in normal subjects2 and patients with reflux: and speeds gastric emptying.4These properties together with the acid lowering effect of cimetidine appeared to provide a sound rationale for combination therapy. 3McCallum RW, Kline MM, Curry N, Sturdevant RAL.Comparative efforts of metoclopramide and bethanechol on lower esophageal sphinc- ter pressure in reflux patients.
Catering for the needs of the new "community surgery," which includes vasectomy
Authors: L. L. Spooner
Journal: BMJ (2013)

After reviewing the excellent article on vasectomy,1 the council of the Association of Surgeons in Primary Care (ASPC) has some additional points to make.

Many acute trusts are no longer funded to provide vasectomies and the former primary care trusts have held contracts with GP community surgeons for well over 10 years. During this time, the vasectomy division of the ASPC has trained more than 100 GPs and …
Psychiatric Insurance-Ten Years Later
Authors: HELEN HERSHFIELD AVNET
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

Ten years after the Group Health Insurance research project to determine the feasibility of insuring short-term ambulatory psychiatric treatment, the author describes the remarkable gains in mental health insurance in the interim. Progress has been along two contrasting lines—the "social" approach, emphasizing easy access to care with a minimal financial deterrent, and the "business" approach, with deductibles and co-insurance. Underlying some of the still unresolved problems, the author feels, is the basic schism in this country concerning how medical care should be provided and distributed.
CONTROL OF TYPHOID CARRIERS
Authors: A. W. Hedrich
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Recent newspaper reports indicate that the number of cases of typhoid in the Montreal epidemic will exceed 2,000, which means that there will be 200 deaths, or possibly more. My purpose in this communication is to call attention to another prospective result of importance—namely, the chronic carriers, certain to be produced—and to suggest that the Montreal epidemic has brought, along with its tragedy, an opportunity for research which may, in the end, save more lives than will be lost in the epidemic. Although the key to present and future control of typhoid in most communities is the healthy carrier, it must be admitted that our knowledge of carriers, and the technic of their detection, is in a deplorably uncertain state. The largest health departments in this country have customarily found about 2 per cent of carriers among their recovered patients. Some authors, such as Gay (Typhoid Fever,