tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Study of the Renal Tubular Interactions of Thyrocalcitonin, Cyclic Adenosine 3′, 5′ -Monophosphate, 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol, and Calcium Ion
Authors: Jules B. Puschett, William S. Beck, Adam Jelonek, Pedro C. Fernandez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Acute clearance studies were performed in thyroparathyroidectomized animals to determine the actions and interactions of thyrocalcitonin (TCT), cyclic adenosine 3'5'-monophosphate (cAMP), 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25HCC), and calcium ion on the reabsorption of phosphate, calcium, sodium, and potassium by the kidney. The infusion of 25HCC in a dosage of 60 U/h to moderately saline-expanded animals (2.5% body weight) induced a fall in the excretion of all of the ions under study after 90-120 min similar to that observed in previous experiments from this laboratory. Mean decrements in fractional excretion were: phosphate, 42.0% (P < 0.005); calcium, 25.0% (P < 0.005); sodium, 23.4% (P < 0.001); and potassium, 14.7% (P < 0.005). The superimposition of either porcine or salmon TCT (1-100 MRC U/h for 2 h) resulted in no further alterations in electrolyte excretion. However, the infusion of TCT during steady-state saline expansion, before the administration of 25HCC, obviated the renal transport effects of the vitamin D metabolite. Both in the latter studies, as well as those in which similar doses of TCT were given to hydropenic animals, the hormone itself failed to induce any consistent alteration in electrolyte excretion. Cyclic AMP (50 mg/h) caused an increase in the excretion of phosphate, sodium, and potassium and no change in calcium excretion. Like TCT, the nucleotide blocked the action of 25HCC on the kidney. Raising the mean level of serum ultrafilterable calcium to 3.02+/-0.25 mEq/liter from 1.62+/-0.17 mEq/liter likewise prevented enhanced ionic reabsorption due to 25HCC.
Plasma prednisolone levels during intravenous therapy in acute colitis
Authors: L M Berghouse, P R Elliott, J E Lennard-Jones, J English, V Marks
Journal: Gut (1982)

Maximum plasma levels in six acute colitics were about three times greater after an intravenous bolus of 20 mg prednisolone than the mean level achieved during infusion of the same dose (p&lt;0·001) over eight hours; the level during infusion was about twice as great as the maximum recorded previously after a single 40 mg oral dose of prednisolone. These findings favour the use of intravenous administration in severe acute colitis. No difference was found between plasma levels of patients and six normal subjects after the intravenous bolus.
Preventing the Heterosexual Spread of AIDS
Authors: James J. Goedert
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.—  Drs Hearst and Hulley 1 provide valuable guidance on reducing or preventing the further heterosexual spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HIV disease, including the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Their perspective advances the field by comparing the relative benefits of careful selection of sexual partners, use of condoms, and use of HIV serostatus. I would like to add two cautionary notes concerning the US population's risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome that are  addressed by Drs Hearst and Hulley.  First, the authors assume an HIV prevalence rate of 0.01% for the not in any high-risk group population. While this assumption is approximately correct for the whole population, it fails to note that some groups  often considered at high risk may have much higher HIV prevalence rates. Among heterosexual, non—drug-using blacks in at least three East Coast populations— pregnant women in Brooklyn, NY 2 ; certain neighborhoods in
ABC of diabetes: Cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and lipids
Authors: Peter J Watkins
Journal: BMJ (2003)

This report looks at Factors that increase the risk of developing cardiovascular heart disease (CHD) in diabetic patients. Diabetic patients, particularly those with type 2 diabetes or proteinuria, are at considerable risk of excessive morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular disease leading to myocardial infarction, strokes, and amputations. Much effort must be given to reducing the risk factors that predispose to major atheromatous arterial disease. The many available measures add to the complexity of treating diabetic patients, especially those with type 2 diabetes.
ME-19 * ANALYSIS OF TREG RECRUITMENT AND FOXP3 EXPRESSION IN GLIOMAS REGARDING THE INTRAOPERATIVE FLUORESCENCE OF 5-ALA
Authors: S. Schipmann, N. Warneke, J. Schroeteler, M. Schwake, W. Stummer, G. Brunner, C. Ewelt
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Not only are regulatory T cells (Tregs) an essential component of the immune system in maintaining immunologic self-tolerance but they are also involved in the suppression of anti-tumor immune responses. The transcription factor forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) is widely used as a marker for the identification of Tregs being essential for the functionality. Oral 5 aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is used to assist surgical resection of high-grade gliomas, being known as an indicator of malignancy as it is able to pass the blood brain barrier in high-grade gliomas. Gaining more knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of gliomas, the tumor microenvironment came to the fore. In this study, patterns of Treg recruitment and FOXP3 expression in the microenvironment of gliomas were characterized, regarding the fluorescence of 5-ALA. Glioma tissue positive and negative for intraoperative fluorescence of 5-ALA was analyzed and compared. Tregs present in the tumor microenvironment were detected by double-immunohistochemistry for FOXP3 and the glioma marker, anti- glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). FOXP3 mRNA expression was examined, using quantitative real-time-PCR. Tregs were found in the tumor microenvironment as well as within tumor cell islets, and FOXP3 mRNA expression in the tumors was significantly higher than in normal brain. Intriguingly, single FOXP3+ cells exhibited morphologic characteristics of glioma cells. 5-ALA positive tumor tissue showed a higher accumulation of Tregs than 5-ALA negative tissue. Gliomas recruit Tregs into their microenvironment, presumably in order to suppress immunosurveillance, thus avoiding destruction by the immune system. Endogenous FOXP3 expression in glioma cells might present a novel mechanism of immune escape. Our study showed differences between the amount of Treg and FOPX3 expression in 5-ALA positive and negative glioma tissue indicating that Tregs are more present in high-grade malignant gliomas. These findings suggest FOXP3 and Tregs as a possible therapeutic target in the therapy of gliomas.
Is it time to change the approach to oxygen therapy in the breathless patient?
Authors: R. Beasley, S. Aldington, G. Robinson
Journal: Thorax (2007)

The need to highlight the risks of high flow oxygen in clinical teaching

In a recent commentary we argued that the traditional representation of the haemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve developed by physiologists may be disconcerting for clinicians because of the prominence of the steep slope of oxygen desaturation with falling oxygen tension.1 We proposed that a different alignment may be preferable for clinicians in demonstrating its beneficial characteristics, enhancing both the “pick up” of oxygen despite cardiorespiratory disease and the “drop off” of oxygen to the tissues despite falling oxygen saturation (fig 1). It was hoped that, through a different perspective of the haemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve, it might be possible to overcome the ingrained practice of doctors, nurses and paramedics to prescribe high flow oxygen to breathless patients who do not necessarily have arterial hypoxaemia.2–4 However, such a change of long established practice would also require a recognition of the risks of inappropriate high flow oxygen therapy.5,6



 Figure 1  
 Left: Traditional representation of the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve with the “slippery slope” (SS). Right: Oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve realigned to demonstrate its two key characteristics: (a) haemoglobin maintains high levels of saturation despite marked reductions in oxygen tension, and (b) oxygen tension remains relatively stable as oxyhaemoglobin saturation declines. These characteristics result in (a) the pick up of oxygen by haemoglobin being maintained despite reduced oxygen tension, and (b) delivery of oxygen to the tissues being maintained despite progressively falling oxyhaemoglobin saturation. Figure reproduced with permission from Beasley et al .1



The potential adverse pulmonary effects of high flow oxygen therapy were recognised soon after its widespread use in clinical practice. High flow oxygen was shown to result in worsening ventilation-perfusion mismatch due to absorption atelectasis and inhibition of reflex pulmonary vasoconstriction.7,8 These effects may …
Radiology of Bone Diseases
Authors: Howard L. Steinbach
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Within recent years, several excellent textbooks on skeletal radiology have been published to fill a void that had existed previously. The various skeletal lesions were usually discussed under topics of disease entities, and much pertinent information was included in regard to roentgen changes and significant clinical laboratory and pathologic features. Professor Greenfield has departed from this standard presentation and has oriented this second edition to the analytical approach for identifying unknown or suspected disease entities. This analysis is based primarily on the roentgenographic appearance and is supplemented by brief discussions of clinical and laboratory data. When indicated, pathophysiologic mechanisms are discussed.  To accomplish this task, the book has been divided into the following nine sections: the analytical approach to bone radiology; loss of bone density; alterations of bone texture; the epiphyseal region; changes in size and shape of bone; the cardinal roentgen features; the solitary lesion; conditions of bone and
Endothelial nitric oxide synthetase gene mutation interacts with the angiotensin converting enzyme deletion polymorphism to increase risk for coronary artery disease
Authors: M.J. Thomson, J.L. Anderson, G.J. King, S.P. Elmer, T.L. Bair, J.B. Muhlestein, J.F. Carlquist
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
The Physician's Role in the Defense Against Biological Weapons
Authors: Dan Crozier
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The possibility that biological warfare may be used against the United States cannot be ignored. There is no evidence that it has ever been employed as a major weapons system, and its effectiveness has not been proved, but it is feasible. As an area weapon, it would affect civilian as well as military personnel. Recognition of an attack and identification of the agent would be major problems. Artificial immunization constitutes the most effective means of protection. Antibiotics now available are effective against infections with the likely bacterial and rickettsial agents, but viral and mycotic infections would present additional problems. Proper training of civilian and military personnel, advance planning to include stockpiling of adequate amounts of antibiotics, and expansion of present research efforts in the basic processes of infection can provide a reasonably adequate defense.
Corneal deposits associated with flecainide.
Authors: H U Moller, K Thygesen, P J Kruit
Journal: BMJ (1991)

from a mean of 11 6 (median 4) in 1988 to 15-6 (5) in 1989 (T= 3 83, p<<0 001).The numbers of partners in the month before interview also significantly increased from a mean of 2-1 (median 1) to 2-2 (1) (T=2-03, p<OO5).More importantly from the point of view of HIV transmission the mean number of penetrative sexual partners in the previous year rose from 2-2 (median 1) to 2 5 (1) and in the previous month from 0 5 (0) to 0-6 (0), though neither increase was significant.The proportion of partners with whom anal penetration occurred was, however, significantly lower for the monthly estimates (0 37 compared with 0-52; T= 17-12, p<<0001) and for the previous year (0 31 compared with 0-34; T=21-63, p<<0 001).1 McManus TJ, McEvoy M. Some aspects of male homosexual behaviour in the UK.
Cognitive Change following Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Non-Cardiac Chest Pain
Authors: Anke S. van Peski-Oosterbaan, Philip Spinhoven, A.J. Willem van der Does, Albert V.G. Bruschke, Harry G.M. Rooijmans
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1999)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Seventeen to 43% of patients with non-cardiac chest pain suffer from anxiety/panic disorders. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is effective in reducing non-cardiac chest pain. However, no data are available indicating that pain reduction following CBT may be cognitively mediated or whether success of CBT is dependent on the presence of panic. The aim of the study was threefold: (1) does CBT have a differential effect on cognitive measures; (2) does a relationship exist between improvement in non-cardiac chest pain and changes in cognitive measures, and (3) can panic be established as a moderator of the effect of treatment? &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Sixty-five patients with non-cardiac chest pain completed a randomised trial comparing study CBT with ‘care as usual’. Dependent measures were: frequency of chest pain, anxiety, the fear of bodily sensations, attributions and catastrophic cognitions. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; CBT had a differential effect on most of the cognitive measures. Pain reduction was associated with the development of more adequate cognitions with respect to chest pain, independent of anxiety reduction. Although panic patients reported higher baseline scores on the cognitive measures, no differences in treatment results were found between panic and no-panic patients. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Pain reduction following CBT may be cognitively mediated. The presence of panic did not affect the outcome of treatment, implying a broad applicability of the cognitive model for treatment of patients with non-cardiac chest pain.
The NIH Consensus Development Program
Authors: Seymour Perry
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

TEN years ago, in September 1977, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) launched its Consensus Development Program by convening a conference on screening for breast cancer.1 This effort initiated a decade of increasing interest in technology assessment in health care, not only in this country but also abroad.In the mid 1970s, there was mounting concern in Congress over extraordinary increases in national health care expenditures. There was a general perception that these increases were at least partly due to the premature application of expensive technical innovations in medicine before their safety, efficacy, and costs had been adequately evaluated. Several . . .
402 Viral and cellular determinants of hepatitis c virus envelope-heparan sulfate interaction
Authors: H. Barth, E.K. Schnober, E. Zhang, R.J. Linhardt, E. Depla, B. Boson, E. Cosset, A. Patel, H.E. Blum, T.E Baumert
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Cervical diameter after suction termination of pregnancy.
Authors: F D Johnstone, R J Beard, I E Boyd, T G McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (1976)

The diameter of the internal cervical os was measured in several groups of patients in an attempt to assess any damage caused by suction termination of pregnancy. Pregnant women who had had a previous abortion by vacuum aspiration had significantly greater cervical diameters than those who had not, and there was a statistically significant correlation between dilatation of the cervix at operation and cervical diameter at six weeks9 follow-up. Cervical dilatation to 10 mm or less was subsequently associated with a normal cervical diameter, but the diameter was often large when the extent of dilatation was greater than 12 mm or not known. Cervical dilatation at termination of pregnancy should, if possible not exceed 10 mm.
Low Current-driven Micro-electroporation Allows Efficient In Vivo Delivery of Nonviral DNA into the Adult Mouse Brain
Authors: Jochen De Vry, Pilar Martínez-Martínez, Mario Losen, Gerard H Bode, Yasin Temel, Thomas Steckler, Harry WM Steinbusch, Marc De Baets, Jos Prickaerts
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

Viral gene transfer or transgenic animals are commonly used technologies to alter gene expression in the adult brain, although these approaches lack spatial specificity and are time consuming. We delivered plasmid DNA locally into the brain of adult C57BL/6 mice in vivo by voltage- and current-controlled electroporation. The low current-controlled delivery of unipolar square wave pulses of 125 µA with microstimulation electrodes at the injection site gave 16 times higher transfection rates than a voltage-controlled electroporation protocol with plate electrodes resulting in currents of about 400 mA. Transfection was restricted to the target region and no damage due to the electric pulses was found. Our current-controlled electroporation protocol indicated that the use of very low currents resulting in applied voltages within the physiological range of the membrane potential, allows efficient transfection of nonviral plasmid DNA. In conclusion, low current-controlled electroporation is an excellent approach for electroporation in the adult brain, i.e., gene function can be influenced locally at a high level with no mortality and minimal tissue damage. Viral gene transfer or transgenic animals are commonly used technologies to alter gene expression in the adult brain, although these approaches lack spatial specificity and are time consuming. We delivered plasmid DNA locally into the brain of adult C57BL/6 mice in vivo by voltage- and current-controlled electroporation. The low current-controlled delivery of unipolar square wave pulses of 125 µA with microstimulation electrodes at the injection site gave 16 times higher transfection rates than a voltage-controlled electroporation protocol with plate electrodes resulting in currents of about 400 mA. Transfection was restricted to the target region and no damage due to the electric pulses was found. Our current-controlled electroporation protocol indicated that the use of very low currents resulting in applied voltages within the physiological range of the membrane potential, allows efficient transfection of nonviral plasmid DNA. In conclusion, low current-controlled electroporation is an excellent approach for electroporation in the adult brain, i.e., gene function can be influenced locally at a high level with no mortality and minimal tissue damage.
1027-193 Influence of genetic and nongenetic factors on endothelium-dependent microvascular reactivity in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-Sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE)
Authors: Issam Zineh, Susan P McGorray, Lacy L Jernigan, Dennis M McNamara, Daniel F Pauly, C Noel Bairey Merz, Carl J Pepine, Julie A Johnson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Genetic dimorphism in superoxide dismutase and susceptibility to alcoholic cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and death
Authors: P NAHON, A SUTTON, D PESSAYRE, P RUFAT, F DEGOUL, N GANNECARRIE, M ZIOL, N CHARNAUX, G NKONTCHOU, J TRINCHET
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2005)
University College Hospital: Case of Chronic Inflammation of the Bladder
Authors: W. H. Colborne
Journal: BMJ (1845)

CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OF THE BLADDER.after immersion, but failed in several otber cases, possibly from the means employed being persisted in for a too limited a period.In the present instance I was not less astonished than the by-standers, at observing the enlivening effect of a dose of wiarm breatb on eacb Qccasion of the heart faltering, and the resptration flagging, or even ceasing altogether.The use of a less deteriorated air, or oie to which a little oxygen had been added, would have been, as Dr.Clay remarks in the Medical Times of September, "v ery desirable if it could be procured;" but I con- fe94 that the encouragement afforded in the above nar- rated case will in future, regardless of an over refined chemical physiology, induce me to pursuie a similar course, and to be guided in my exertions, like Dr.
Effects of Pregnancy and Delivery on Disease Activity in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: John N. Whitaker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Multiple sclerosis, an organ-specific autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, affects 250,000 to 350,000 persons in the United States. It is at least twice as common among women as among men — a sex distribution common to most autoimmune diseases. The clinical manifestations of multiple sclerosis reflect its multifocal involvement, and its course may be subacute, with relapses followed by remissions, or chronic and progressive.1 The diagnosis can be established with different degrees of confidence as probable or definite on the basis of clinical features alone or clinical features in combination with oligoclonal abnormalities of immunoglobulins in cerebrospinal fluid, . . .
Medical Preparedness for Disasters
Authors: LOUIS EMMET MAHONEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Editorials1 January 1986Medical Preparedness for DisastersFREELOUIS EMMET MAHONEY, M.D., Dr.P.H.LOUIS EMMET MAHONEY, M.D., Dr.P.H.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-104-1-114 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn the December issue of this journal, Dr. Orient (1) reviewed the planning in several countries for medical responses to disasters. In this thought-provoking article, the author illustrates an increased risk of incidents with mass casualties by referring to the recent Bhopal accident. She points out that there has been little progress in our capacity to respond to medical disasters for many years. She identifies disaster preparedness as a component of civil defense programs. Her article then reviews the medical elements of the civil defense programs of Switzerland and the U.S.S.R., describing in some detail how they were principally designed...References1. ORIENT J. Disaster preparedness: an international perspective. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103(6 pt 1):937-40. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Washington Post. 1985; Nov 15:1. Google Scholar3. . Texas City Explosion. Washington, D.C.: American National Red Cross; 1948. Google Scholar4. BRANDT E, MAYER W, MASON J, BROWN D, and MAHONEY L. Designing a National Disaster Medical System. Public Health Rep. 1985;100:456-61. Google Scholar5. ABRAMS H. Medical resources after nuclear war: availability v need. JAMA. 1984;252:653-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. The Effects of Nuclear War. Washington D.C.: Office of Technology Assessment, U. S. Congress; 1979:35-7. (OTA publication no. NS-89.) Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: LOUIS EMMET MAHONEY, M.D., Dr.P.H.Affiliations: National Disaster Medical System U.S. Public Health Service Rockville, Maryland PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byNational Disaster Medical Systems in the United States and KoreaPublic relations in disaster management and planning for emergency physiciansEMS response at a hazardous material incident: Some basic guidelines 1 January 1986Volume 104, Issue 1Page: 114-115 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1986 PDF downloadLoading ...