tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the Mortality Rate of Patients with Severe Gastroduodenal Hemorrhage with the Aid of a New Scoring System
Authors: W. Pimpl, O. Boeckl, H. W. Waclawiczek, M. Heinerman
Journal: Endoscopy (1987)

The widely differing mortality rates of severe gastroduodenal hemorrhage reported in the literature (10-30%), are due to very inhomogeneous patient groups. The purpose of this study was therefore to rank various clinical and endoscopical factors by giving them points from 0 to 6, both to establish comparable groups and to use them as prognostic parameters for a potential fatality rate. One hundred and ninety-three patients with severe gastroduodenal bleeding, verified at emergency gastroscopy immediately after admission, were admitted to this prospective study. The statistical assessment of the prognosis for these 8 factors revealed a linear correlation between increasing score and mortality rate for the following risk factors: patient age, activity and intensity of hemorrhage, type and number of associated illnesses, various therapeutic procedures. Only the type of the source and the site of the hemorrhage did not correlate well. By adding up the points of all risk factors for every patient we calculated the overall score and established a correlation to the mortality rate: A definite statistical correlation was demonstrated between increasing score and fatal outcome. If a patient with a score of less than 20 points did survive in 100%, the mortality rate increased linearly to 83.3% in patients with a score of 40 points. Using this scoring system it is possible to establish comparable groups of patients - which seems indispensable for a critical examination of various therapeutic procedures. Furthermore, this score can serve as a predictor of the probability of a fatal outcome shortly after patient admission.
Impact of ALLHAT on the Role of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in the Primary Prevention of Heart Failure
Authors: Franz H. Messerli
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Letters6 July 2004Impact of ALLHAT on the Role of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in the Primary Prevention of Heart FailureFranz H. Messerli, MDFranz H. Messerli, MDFrom Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70121.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-141-1-200407060-00037-w2 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Congestive heart failure was not a prespecified end point in ALLHAT. Therefore, the science pertaining to this outcome is even softer than that pertaining to the prespecified secondary end points. The excessive attention congestive heart failure received is inappropriate and may be related to the inherent bias of some of the ALLHAT investigators. We should also remember that no other clinical end point is as difficult to objectively diagnose. In INSIGHT (International Nifedipine once-daily Study—Intervention as a Goal in Hypertension Treatment), unlike in ALLHAT, all end points were verified systematically by an end point committee, and the diagnosis ...Reference1. Mancia G, Brown M, Castaigne A, de Leeuw P, Palmer CR, Rosenthal T, et al . Outcomes with nifedipine GITS or Co-amilozide in hypertensive diabetics and nondiabetics in Intervention as a Goal in Hypertension (INSIGHT). Hypertension. 2003;41:431-6. [PMID: 12623939] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70121. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoALLHAT, or the Soft Science of the Secondary End Point Franz H. Messerli Impact of ALLHAT on the Role of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in the Primary Prevention of Heart Failure Ali Ahmed Metrics 6 July 2004Volume 141, Issue 1Page: W-9KeywordsACE inhibitorsAngiotensin converting enzyme inhibitorDiureticsDrugsHeart failureHypertensionMetabolic syndromeObesityPatientsStable coronary artery disease ePublished: 6 July 2004 Issue Published: 6 July 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Nutrition and Diet Therapy: A Textbook of Dietetics.
Authors: Fairfax T. Proudfit
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prominal in Epilepsy
Authors: L. Barber
Journal: BMJ (1936)

<b>Objective.</b> To determine the extent and manner in which global health education is taught at US PharmD programs. <b>Methods.</b> A pre-tested 40-question electronic survey instrument was developed and sent to each of the 127 accredited or candidate-status US doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) programs. <b>Results.</b> Twenty-eight public and 27 private PharmD programs responded to the survey (43.3%). Twenty-five (45.5%) programs had integrated global health topics into their required didactic curriculum, and 30 of 52 programs (57.7%) offered at least one standalone global health elective course. Of the 52 programs that provided details regarding experiential education, 41 (78.8%) offered introductory and/or advanced pharmacy practice experiences (IPPEs and/or APPEs) in global health, and 34 (65.4%) programs offered medical mission trips. <b>Conclusion.</b> Doctor of pharmacy programs participating in global health education most commonly educate students on global health through experiential learning, while inclusion of required and elective coursework in global health was less common. To adequately prepare students for an increasingly global society, US PharmD programs should consider expanding global health education.
Genetic markers in alcoholic liver disease
Authors: J Alcolado
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - D I N Sherman and colleagues suggest that variation in the alcohol dehydrogenase 2 gene may contribute to alcoholic liver disease.1 Their study, however, has several shortcomings and their conclusions may be unjustified.

The initial hypothesis is unclear. The authors confuse genetic susceptibility to misuse of alcohol and genetic susceptibility to alcoholic liver disease; it is unlikely that the same genes contribute to these different disorders. …
Regulatory ozone modeling: status, directions, and research needs.
Authors: P G Georgopoulos
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

The Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990 have established selected comprehensive, three-dimensional, Photochemical Air Quality Simulation Models (PAQSMs) as the required regulatory tools for analyzing the urban and regional problem of high ambient ozone levels across the United States. These models are currently applied to study and establish strategies for meeting the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for ozone in nonattainment areas; State Implementation Plans (SIPs) resulting from these efforts must be submitted to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) in November 1994. The following presentation provides an overview and discussion of the regulatory ozone modeling process and its implications. First, the PAQSM-based ozone attainment demonstration process is summarized in the framework of the 1994 SIPs. Then, following a brief overview of the representation of physical and chemical processes in PAQSMs, the essential attributes of standard modeling systems currently in regulatory use are presented in a nonmathematical, self-contained format, intended to provide a basic understanding of both model capabilities and limitations. The types of air quality, emission, and meteorological data needed for applying and evaluating PAQSMs are discussed, as well as the sources, availability, and limitations of existing databases. The issue of evaluating a model's performance in order to accept it as a tool for policy making is discussed, and various methodologies for implementing this objective are summarized. Selected interim results from diagnostic analyses, which are performed as a component of the regulatory ozone modeling process for the Philadelphia-New Jersey region, are also presented to provide some specific examples related to the general issues discussed in this work. Finally, research needs related to a) the evaluation and refinement of regulatory ozone modeling, b) the characterization of uncertainty in photochemical modeling, and c) the improvement of the model-based ozone-attainment demonstration process are presented to identify future directions in this area.
The Initial Field Trials of DSM-5: New Blooms and Old Thorns
Authors: Robert Freedman, David A. Lewis, Robert Michels, Daniel S. Pine, Susan K. Schultz, Carol A. Tamminga, Glen O. Gabbard, Susan Shur-Fen Gau, Daniel C. Javitt, Maria A. Oquendo, Patrick E. Shrout, Eduard Vieta, Joel Yager
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2013)

Three articles in this issue detail the process and results of reliability tests for proposed DSM-5 diagnoses and cross-diagnosis symptom domains. The editorial highlights the good reliability of borderline personality disorder and relates the questionable reliability of major depressive disorder to its heterogeneity. The editorial is also available in Spanish, Traditional Chinese, and Simplified Chinese.
Photo-crosslinkable microcapsules formed by polyelectrolyte copolymer and modified collagen for rat hepatocyte encapsulation
Authors: Chai-Hoon Quek, Jun Li, Tao Sun, Melinda Ling Hou Chan, Hai-Quan Mao, Leong Ming Gan, Kam W Leong, Hanry Yu
Journal: Biomaterials (2004)
DISTRIBUTION AMONG THE γ-GLOBULIN MOLECULES OF DIFFERENT GENETICALLY DETERMINED ANTIGENIC SPECIFICITIES IN THE GM SYSTEM
Authors: Lars Mårtensson, Henry G. Kunkel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

Isolated myeloma proteins and anti-Rh antibodies were utilized for determination of the distribution among the gamma-globulin molecules of various Gm(b) and Gm(f) determinants. All of these genetic factors are as a rule inherited together in Caucasians, but not in other races. The Gm(b) determinants, except (b(2)), were found together in the same Caucasian myeloma globulins of the Vi H chain group, which never carried Gm(f) or (b(2)). The Gm(f) and (b(2)) determinants were found together in other myeloma globulins, of the We group. Anti-Rh antibody molecules appeared to be similar to myeloma molecules in these respects. A few myeloma proteins and anti-Rh antibodies were encountered which reacted with some but not other anti-Gm(b) or anti-Gm(f) reagents; the only available Vi type myeloma protein from a Negro, specifically lacked the Gm(b(3)) factor. The observations might be explained by the following hypothesis: In Caucasians with the common Gm(f) Gm(b) gene complex the Gm(b) antigenic determinants, except (b(2)), co-occur in certain molecules, which contain a polypeptide chain determined by the Gm(b) gene; the Gm(f) and (b(2)) determinants co-occur in other molecules, which contain a polypeptide chain determined by the Gm(f) gene. Individuals that lack some Gm(b) or Gm(f) determinants most likely have a gene partly different from Gm(b) or Gm(f). The value of studies with myeloma proteins from individuals of different racial groups was apparent from this study. One myeloma protein from a Chinese was unique in that it was both Gm(a+) and Gm(f+).
You Don't Have to Be a Neuroscientist to Forget Everything With Triazolam—But It Helps
Authors: Herbert B. Radack
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.  —I read with interest the article by Morris and Estes. 1   I and other gastroenterologists have been using intravenous midazolam (versed) for sedation prior to endoscopy and have found that amnesia during the procedure and for a short time afterward is a common finding, even when the patient remains somewhat awake during the time. In my experience, I have had a patient ask a question and receive an answer at the completion of the examination only to ask the same question several times during the next hour without recalling these repetitions.  This particular aspect of the action of intravenous midazolam therapy is particularly useful with endoscopy in that patients who require repeated examinations do not recall the discomfort of the previous ones, allowing a lighter level of sedation than might otherwise be necessary.
Health effects of asbestos and nonasbestos fibers.
Authors: O Y Osinubi, M Gochfeld, H M Kipen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Exposures to asbestos and synthetic fibers remain areas of great concern in the field of occupational lung disease. Despite extensive study, the health effects associated with fibers remains an area of substantial controversy. In particular, effects of fibers at relatively low doses, particularly for mesothelioma, remain a matter of evolving opinion, especially when integrated with the divergence of opinion on relative pathogenicity of different fiber types. Mechanistic studies continue to provide a window into pathogenesis and some hope for understanding dose-response relationships at the lower levels seen in contemporary Western workplaces and the general environment. Changes in clinical assessment based on use of new chest imaging techniques beyond the traditional plain film are also an area of evolution and begin to challenge B-reading as the definitive tool for noninvasive assessment of disease. Public health concerns have to a great extent been transported to the developing world where there is a strong trend toward increased use of asbestos, although it has been virtually eliminated from commerce in most developed countries. For nonasbestos fibers, the major unsettled issues are their relative potencies as carcinogens for the human lung and mesothelium and the need to sort out the relation between physical and chemical properties of these fibers and their pathogenicity. The recent discovery of "flock worker's lung" due to synthetic fibers once again alerts us to emerging diseases associated with new technologies.
CD8+CD60+ T Cells, Cells Expressing Epsilon Specific mRNA, Soluble CD23 (sCD23), and Th1/Th2 Cytokines In Cord Blood
Authors: T.A. Smith-Norowitz, K.B. Norowitz, S. Chice, V. Shah, M. Hagler, D. Walker, J.P. Brennan, H.G. Durkin, M.H. Bluth
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
The Renewal of Generosity: Illness, Medicine, and How to Live
Authors: Sanjay A Pai
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A rthur Frank, professor of sociology at the University of Calgary, Canada, makes two surprising and perhaps disturbing statements. He confesses to not being “unqualifiedly grateful” to his physicians for having treated him for cancer. Equally important is his perception that his doctors did not care for him with unqualified generosity at all times. Why has medicine come to this state of affairs? And what can be done about it?
Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Authors: A. T. Axon, U. Beilenhoff, M. G. Bramble, S. Ghosh, A. Kruse, G. E. McDonnell, C. Neumann, J.-F. Rey, K. Spencer
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) is a transmissible form of spongiform encephalopathy believed to be contracted from the consumption of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) infected beef products. To date over 100 individuals have developed this incurable disease. There have been no documented cases of iatrogenic infection, but there is a theoretical risk that surgical procedures could transmit the disease. This review describes the background of the disease and assesses the possible risks of transmission through endoscopic procedures. The risk of transmission by endoscopy is small and probably negligible if suitable procedures are followed. The greatest potential danger arises from healthy individuals who are incubating the disease. Pathological prions (PrPsc) may be found in lymphatic tissue of these individuals (particularly tonsils), but smaller amounts have been identified in the appendix and Peyer’s patches. These prions are resistant to all forms of conventional sterilization. There is a theoretical risk that biopsy forceps and the operating channel of endoscopes could become contaminated. This review gives recommendations as to how these small risks can be minimized. They include the employment of single-use forceps for biopsies taken from the terminal ileum, greater attention to the maintenance of endoscopic equipment and accessories, more rigorous manual cleaning of endoscopic equipment and the use of well designed, disposable cleaning brushes for the operating channel of the endoscope.
UN global summit disappoints aid groups
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2005)

International aid groups were disappointed by the 2005 global summit at the United Nations in New York last week. The millennium goals, set in 2000 for implementation by 2015, were probably unreachable for 20 years or more, commentators said.

“People made the right noises at last week's summit, but those noises need to be followed by real dollar commitments,” said Alfred Sommer, chair of the expert committee on health of the governance initiative of the …
Internal mechanisms that implicate the self enlighten the egoism-altruism debate
Authors: Constantine Sedikides, Aiden P. Gregg
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Internal mechanisms, especially those implicating the self, are crucial for the egoism-altruism debate. Self-liking is extended to close others and can be extended, through socialization and reinforcement experiences, to non-close others: Altruistic responses are directed toward others who are included in the self. The process of self-extension can account for cross-situational variability, contextual variability, and individual differences in altruistic behavior.
Circulating microRNAs in exosomes indicate hepatocyte injury and inflammation in alcoholic, drug-induced, and inflammatory liver diseases
Authors: Shashi Bala, Jan Petrasek, Shiv Mundkur, Donna Catalano, Ivan Levin, Jeanine Ward, Hawau Alao, Karen Kodys, Gyongyi Szabo
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

MicroRNAs are fine tuners of diverse biological responses and are expressed in various cell types of the liver. Here we hypothesized that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) may serve as biomarkers of liver damage and inflammation. We studied miRNA-122, which is abundant in hepatocytes, and miR-155, -146a, and -125b, which regulate inflammation in immune cells in mouse models of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), drug (acetaminophen, APAP)-induced liver injury (DILI), and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9+4 ligand-induced inflammatory cell-mediated liver damage. We found that serum/plasma miR-122 correlated with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increases in the liver damage caused by alcohol, APAP, and TLR9 (CpG)+4 (LPS) ligands. MiR-155, a regulator of inflammation, was increased in serum/plasma in alcoholic and inflammatory liver injury. Alcohol failed to increase serum miR-122 in TLR4-deficient and p47phox-deficient mice that were protected from ALD. We found the most robust increase in plasma miR-122 in DILI and it correlated with the highest ALT levels. Consistent with the massive inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver, plasma miR-155 and miR-146a were significantly elevated after CpG+LPS administration. We show for the first time that, depending on the type of liver injury, circulating miRNAs are associated either with the exosome-rich or protein-rich compartments. In ALD and in inflammatory liver injury, serum/plasma miR-122 and miR-155 were predominantly associated with the exosome-rich fraction, whereas in DILI/APAP injury these miRNAs were present in the protein-rich fraction. Conclusion: Our results suggest that circulating miRNAs may serve as biomarkers to differentiate between hepatocyte injury and inflammation and the exosome versus protein association of miRNAs may provide further specificity to mechanisms of liver pathology.
Characteristics of Clinical Trials Registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, 2007-2010
Authors: Robert M. Califf
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Recent reports highlight gaps between guidelines-based treatment recommendations and evidence from clinical trials that supports those recommendations. Strengthened reporting requirements for studies registered with ClinicalTrials.gov enable a comprehensive evaluation of the national trials portfolio.To examine fundamental characteristics of interventional clinical trials registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov database.A data set comprising 96,346 clinical studies from ClinicalTrials.gov was downloaded on September 27, 2010, and entered into a relational database to analyze aggregate data. Interventional trials were identified and analyses were focused on 3 clinical specialties-cardiovascular, mental health, and oncology-that together encompass the largest number of disability-adjusted life-years lost in the United States.Characteristics of registered clinical trials as reported data elements in the trial registry; how those characteristics have changed over time; differences in characteristics as a function of clinical specialty; and factors associated with use of randomization, blinding, and data monitoring committees (DMCs).The number of registered interventional clinical trials increased from 28,881 (October 2004-September 2007) to 40,970 (October 2007-September 2010), and the number of missing data elements has generally declined. Most interventional trials registered between 2007 and 2010 were small, with 62% enrolling 100 or fewer participants. Many clinical trials were single-center (66%; 24,788/37,520) and funded by organizations other than industry or the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (47%; 17,592/37,520). Heterogeneity in the reported methods by clinical specialty; sponsor type; and the reported use of DMCs, randomization, and blinding was evident. For example, reported use of DMCs was less common in industry-sponsored vs NIH-sponsored trials (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.11; 95% CI, 0.09-0.14), earlier-phase vs phase 3 trials (adjusted OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.76-0.91), and mental health trials vs those in the other 2 specialties. In similar comparisons, randomization and blinding were less frequently reported in earlier-phase, oncology, and device trials.Clinical trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov are dominated by small trials and contain significant heterogeneity in methodological approaches, including reported use of randomization, blinding, and DMCs.
Interscale interactions in cortical neural networks
Authors: Hans Liljenström
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

This commentary focuses on how the large-scale cortical dynamics described in Nunez's target article are related to various phenomena at different scales, both spatial and temporal, in particular, how the brain dynamics measured with EEG could relate to (i) experience and mental state, (ii) neuromodulatory effects, and (iii) spontaneous firing and autogenerated electromagnetic effects.