tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of C-Reactive Protein With Reduced Forced Vital Capacity in a Nonsmoking U.S. Population With Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
Authors: Hwa Mu Lee, Truc Vy Le, Victor A. Lopez, Nathan D. Wong
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

A relationship between inflammation, measured by C-reactive protein (CRP), and forced vital capacity (FVC) in diabetes or metabolic syndrome (MetS) has not been established. We investigated whether high CRP is related to reduced FVC in MetS and diabetes.We examined the association of MetS/diabetes and CRP (normal <or=3 mg/l, high >3 mg/l) with predicted FVC in 4,272 nonsmoking U.S. adults aged 18-79 years without lung disease in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Logistic regression examined odds of FVC <80% by CRP and MetS/diabetes.Mean FVC in individuals with MetS and high CRP (95.7%) and those with diabetes and high CRP (93.7%) was lower than in those with no MetS/diabetes and normal CRP (101.7%) (P < 0.01) and was lower in those with MetS and high CRP (95.7%) than in those with MetS and normal CRP (98.5%) (P < 0.01). The odds ratio (95% CI) of FVC <80% was highest in individuals with MetS and high CRP (odds ratio 4.26 [95% CI 2.08-8.73], P < 0.01) compared with those with no MetS/diabetes and normal CRP.Elevated CRP is associated with lower FVC in people with MetS.
Abstract 5607: TLE4 is a key modulator of resistance to mTOR pathway specific inhibition in glioblastoma
Authors: Dan R. Laks, Tiffany Phillips, Andres A. Paucar, Nicholas Orozco, Koppany Visnyei, Paul S. Mischel, Giovanni Coppola, Jonathan C. Trinidad, Alma L. Burlingame, Ralph A. Bradshaw, Harley I. Kornblum
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Rapamycin, a selective inhibitor of TOR (target of rapamycin), has been used in clinical trials for the treatment of glioma (Cloughesy et al., 2008). However, even though some patients respond temporarily to rapamycin treatment, virtually all recur. The mechanisms underlying this resistance to therapy are unknown. Here, we utilized patient-derived glioblastoma (GBM) neurosphere cultures to examine these mechanisms. GBM cell cultures exposed to chronic rapamycin yield a population of rapamycin resistant cells with an increased malignant phenotype upon removal from treatment, enhanced sphere formation in vitro and enhanced tumorigenesis. We used an unbiased, proteomics-based approach to discover phosphopeptides that were upregulated during rapamycin treatment in vitro. Amongst the peptides that we uncovered was Tle4/Groucho, a global co-repressor and known modulator of several key signaling pathways, including the Wnt and Notch pathways. In an expression microarray, Tle4 was found to be significantly upregulated within chronic rapa treated GBM cells. We show that TLE4 is a key modulator of resistance to mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway specific inhibition. While TLE4 knockdown has no clear effect on naive cells, this knockdown promotes sensitivity under chronic rapamycin treatment as evidenced by reduced neurosphere formation. TLE4 mediate rapamycin resistance through activation of the quiescent population. Our results indicate that chronic mTOR specific inhibition imparts TLE4 mediated resistance through both ERK activation and inhibition of mTOR. The identification of this role for TLE4 in rapamycin resistance provides a novel target for mTOR pathway-associated chemotherapeutic agents. References: Cloughesy, T.F., Yoshimoto, K., Nghiemphu, P., Brown, K., Dang, J., Zhu, S., Hsueh, T., Chen, Y., Wang, W., Youngkin, D., et al. (2008). Antitumor activity of rapamycin in a Phase I trial for patients with recurrent PTEN-deficient glioblastoma. PLoS Med 5, e8. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5607. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5607
Delay in diagnosis of slipped upper femoral epiphysis
Authors: S Ankarath, A B Y Ng, P V Giannoudis, B W Scott
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Treatment of slipped upper femoral epiphysis (SUFE) is directed at preventing progressive slippage, minimizing deformity and avoiding avascular necrosis and chondrolysis. Delay in treatment adversely affects long-term outcomes. In a retrospective study we assessed delays between symptom onset and evaluation of the patient in an orthopaedic department. 27 patients aged 10–16 years were grouped by source of referral (general practitioner or accident and emergency department), and hips were classified as stable or unstable according to ability to bear weight. The 27 children had 37 affected hips, 31 stable and 6 unstable. In the 20 patients referred by general practitioners, mean delay from symptom onset to orthopaedic evaluation was 119 days (range 2–504); in the 7 referred from accident and emergency departments it was 95 days (1–482). In the latter group the slips were more likely to be acute and unstable. 9 (45%) of the patients in the general-practitioner group had hip radiography before referral, all correctly diagnosed though not all the examinations included the recommended frog-lateral views. Long delays between onset and diagnosis of SUFE are most likely in patients with mild symptoms, able to bear weight on the hip. Any adolescent with undiagnosed hip or knee pain that has lasted more than a week should undergo radiological investigation of the hip, with frog-lateral as well as anteroposterior views.
Ineffectiveness of propranolol in hypertensive Jamaicans.
Authors: G. S. Humphreys, D. G. Delvin
Journal: BMJ (1968)

the total of 1,161 samples of cream examined in the survey by Barrow and Miller (1967) only 221 and 119 samples respectively satisfied these criteria.The findings described in the present paper suggest that closer attention should be paid to cream, and they emphasize the need for at least clear guidance for cream producers and retailers, and for the introduction of minimum bacteriological standards for samples.We would also urge that the date of production or dispatch, and whether or not heat-treated, should be clearly marked on all retail cream containers. SummaryDuring a survey in which 1,161 samples of fresh cream and cream products were examined for bacteriological quality Brucella abortus was isolated in two separate episodes from whipped cream from four out of seven fresh cream cakes.In the subsequent investigations at the bakeries and dairies concerned 19 isolations of Br. abortus were made from various samples of cream.Both these episodes were due to insufficient heat treatment of the cream at the dairies.In one dairy the heat treatment given had been thought to be adequate; in the other dairy there were obvious faults and errors.In the survey Br. abortus was also isolated by direct culture from 5 out of 916 samples of clotted cream.This was presum-ably due either to survival of these organisms during heat treatment or to contamination after heat treatment.These findings suggest that closer attention should be paid to cream as a hazard to public health, and they emphasize the need for improved legislation and for the introduction of minimum bacteriological standards for cream.We are grateful to medical officers of health, public health inspectors, and the managers of dairies in Cornwall for help during this work.
Jaundice and Congenital Hypothyroidism
Authors: James A. Doucett
Journal: JAMA (1965)

THE HIGH INCIDENCE of prolonged neonatal jaundice in infants with congenital hypothyroidism, documented by Aakerren<sup>1</sup>and confirmed by Christensen,<sup>2</sup>requires reemphasis. Since jaundice may be the first sign of congenital hypothyroidism,<sup>3</sup>this possibility must be kept in mind in the investigation of any case of jaundice in infancy. Only by maintaining a high index of suspicion will such infants be recognized early enough to enhance the possibility for normal mental as well as physical development. The following case emphasizes this fact. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> This female infant was delivered by low forceps at term. The mother, aged 20 years, had a pregnancy complicated by pyelitis which responded promptly to nitrofurantoin (Furadantin). At birth the infant weighed 8 lb 1/4 oz (3,636 gm), was 19 1/2 inches (49.5 cm) long, and had no abnormalities on initial examination. During her stay in the nursery no jaundice was noted,
Clinical Laboratory Medicine
Authors: Stebbins B. Chandor
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Differentiated vascular myocytes: are they involved in neointimal formation?
Authors: B Holifield, T Helgason, S Jemelka, A Taylor, S Navran, J Allen, C Seidel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The role of differentiated vascular myocytes are neointimal formation in canine carotid artery was investigated. Using antibodies and cDNA probes, cells were characterized in situ and after isolation. In situ characterization indicated the majority of medial cells expressed both smooth muscle myosin and alpha actin but many cells were negative to these markers. All adventitial cells were negative for these proteins. The muscle protein-positive cells were designated differentiated, vascular myocytes (VSMC). The others were designated type 2 cells. Sequential enzyme digestion from lumenal surface yielded VSMC ( > 90%) while digestions from the adventitial surface yielded type 2 cells ( > 90%). VSMC were viable in culture but did not spread, proliferate, or alter expression of muscle proteins. Type 2 cells proliferated and increased their expression of muscle actin but did not express muscle myosin. Characterization of neointimal cells from injured carotid arteries indicated they were morphologically and immunologically identical to cultured type 2 cells. We concluded that: (a) canine carotid artery media consists of a heterogeneous cell population: (b) serum does not stimulate isolated VSMC to undergo phenotypic modulation or proliferate: and (c) type 2 cells may be responsible for neointimal formation because they proliferate and acquire a phenotype identical to in situ neointimal cells.
Evidence for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Targeted Anticancer Therapies
Authors: Bo Gao, Shang Yeap, Arthur Clements, Bavanthi Balakrishnar, Mark Wong, Howard Gurney
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) provides valuable guidance for dose adjustment of antibiotics, immunosuppressives, antiepileptics, and other drugs, but its use for traditional anticancer therapies has been limited. Perhaps the most important obstacle is the impractical requirement of multiple blood samples to adequately define systemic exposure of drugs that have a short elimination half-life and are given by intermittent intravenous injections. However, the newer targeted anticancer therapies have different pharmacokinetic (PK) and dosing characteristics compared with traditional cytotoxic drugs, making it possible to estimate the steady-state drug exposure with a single trough-level measurement. Recent evidence indicates that certain PK parameters, including trough levels, are correlated with clinical outcomes for many of these agents, including imatinib, sunitinib, rituximab, and cetuximab. Although the current evidence is insufficient to mandate TDM in routine practice, a concerted investigation should be encouraged to determine whether the steady-state trough measurements of targeted agents will have a practical place in the clinical care of patients with cancer.
Bacteria and Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Nick R. Anthonisen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have exacerbations characterized by increased dyspnea, accompanied by increases in coughing, sputum production and purulence, and wheezing. Although most of these episodes are self-limited, they are associated with substantial decrements in the quality of life1 and account for a large fraction of expenditures for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, since exacerbations are the most common cause of hospitalization among patients with this disease. The precise nature of these episodes is not well understood; their characteristics suggest that they are acute infections of the intrapulmonary airways, but this is extremely difficult to demonstrate . . .
COMPARATIVE SAFETY AND EFFICACY EVALUATION OF IVABRADINE, METOPROLOL AND ITS COMBINATION IN MANAGEMENT OF INAPPROPRIATE SINUS TACHYCARDIA IN CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFT PATIENTS
Authors: Niren Bhavsar, Roosha Parikh, Apurva Patel, Parth Parikh, Satya Gupta, Dhaval Naik, Chintan Mehta, Parloop Bhatt, Keyur Parikh, Dhiren Shah
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Aortic Dissection in a Patient With Chronic Hemodialysis
Authors: Nicholas Chiorazzi
Journal: JAMA (1974)

DURING the relatively short history of hemodialysis, numerous complications have been recorded. Of these, vascular problems are the most common and life-threatening. This report describes aortic dissection in a chronic hemodialysis patient, a complication that has not yet been reported, to our knowledge. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 51-year-old woman was referred to North Shore University Hospital for treatment of chronic renal failure and maintenance hemodialysis. Her illness dated back ten years when labile hypertension was discovered, although no therapy was initiated. An evaluation at another institution five years later disclosed a substantial proteinuria (protein, 3.3 gm/24 hr) and uremia (blood urea nitrogen [BUN] level, 56 mg/100 ml; serum creatinine level, 4.4 mg/100 ml). A percutaneous renal biopsy specimen was consistent with chronic glomerulonephritis. The patient was treated effectively with dietary restriction, oral doses of hydralazine hydrochloride and digitalis until six months before referral when her condition rapidly deteriorated. Uremia
Monitoring the Inflammatory Response to Infection through the Integration of MALDI IMS and MRI
Authors: Ahmed S. Attia, Kaitlin A. Schroeder, Erin H. Seeley, Kevin J. Wilson, Neal D. Hammer, Daniel C. Colvin, M. Lisa Manier, Joshua J. Nicklay, Kristie L. Rose, John C. Gore, Richard M. Caprioli, Eric P. Skaar
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2012)
Microfilament-disrupting agent latrunculin A induces and increased number of fenestrae in rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells: Comparison with cytochalasin B
Authors: F Braet
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

This report describes the effect of the actin-disrupting marine toxin latrunculin A on the cytoskeleton and fenestrae of liver endothelial cells (LECs). Fluorescence microscopy and whole mount-transmission electron microscopic preparations of isolated, purified, and cultured LECs showed that latrunculin A, which sequesters actin monomers and depolymerizes actin filaments, caused profound changes in microfilament organization in LECs. Scanning electron microscopic preparations showed that latrunculin A almost doubles the number of fenestrae within 10 minutes, whereas the diameter is only slightly reduced. All new fenestrae possess the earlier described fenestrae-associated cytoskeleton ring. Cytochalasin B, which disrupts the network of actin filaments, principally by capping the fast growing end of actin filaments, produced comparable effects with regard to actin organization and the number and size of fenestrae. After 1 hour of treatment, an equal maximum number of fenestrae was observed for both agents. The effect of latrunculin A was obtained at concentrations about 100 times lower than cytochalasin B. Thus, two agents that alter the state of actin organization in LECs, albeit by different mechanisms, cause the doubling of the number of fenestrae within 10 to 30 minutes. This indicates that the state of assembly of the actin cytoskeleton is important in the numerical dynamics of LEC fenestrae and that the actin cytoskeleton of LECs is probably the main mechanical regulator for sieving between the sinusoidal blood and the parenchymal cells. Latrunculin A represents a new agent in the study of the de novo formation of fenestrae.
CLINICAL FEASIBILITY STUDY TO DETECT ANGIOGENESIS FOLLOWING BONE MARROW STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION IN CHRONIC ISCHAEMIC HEART FAILURE
Authors: Bdul Mozid, Maria Holstensson, Simona Ben-Haim, John Martin, Albert Sinusas, Brian Hutton, Anthony Mathur
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Note on the Treatment of Diphtheria
Authors: J. Sawyer
Journal: BMJ (1879)

to the Queen's Hospital, Birmingham.So far as I have observed, the value of the local application to the diseased mucous surfaces of remedies which have the power of dis- solving diphtheritic membrane has often been overlooked, and has only exceptionally been recognised, in the numerous disquisitions on the therapeutics of diphtheria which have lately flooded our medical pe- riodicals.Lactic acid and lime-water will each dissolve diphtheritic membrane; their solvent power has been proved clinically, and it has
Peritoneal Dialysis in Pulmonary Oedema
Authors: M. P. Chopra, R. B. Gulati, R. W. Portal, C. P. Aber
Journal: BMJ (1970)

was 14.4 mg./100 ml., and serum phosphorus 4-5 mg./l00 ml.The serum alkaline phosphatase was 20 King-Armstrong units, and the 24-hour calcium excretion in the urine was 400 mg.
Abiraterone Inhibits 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase: A Rationale for Increasing Drug Exposure in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Rui Li, Kristen Evaul, Kamalesh K. Sharma, Kai-Hsiung Chang, Jennifer Yoshimoto, Jiayan Liu, Richard J. Auchus, Nima Sharifi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: Treatment with abiraterone (abi) acetate prolongs survival in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Resistance to abi invariably occurs, probably due in part to upregulation of steroidogenic enzymes and/or other mechanisms that sustain dihydrotestosterone (DHT) synthesis, which raises the possibility of reversing resistance by concomitant inhibition of other required steroidogenic enzymes. On the basis of the 3β-hydroxyl, Δ5-structure, we hypothesized that abi also inhibits 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase (3βHSD), which is absolutely required for DHT synthesis in CRPC, regardless of origins or routes of synthesis. Experimental Design: We tested the effects of abi on 3βHSD activity, androgen receptor localization, expression of androgen receptor–responsive genes, and CRPC growth in vivo. Results: Abi inhibits recombinant 3βHSD activity in vitro and endogenous 3βHSD activity in LNCaP and LAPC4 cells, including conversion of [3H]-dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) to Δ4-androstenedione, androgen receptor nuclear translocation, expression of androgen receptor–responsive genes, and xenograft growth in orchiectomized mice supplemented with DHEA. Abi also blocks conversion of Δ5-androstenediol to testosterone by 3βHSD. Abi inhibits 3βHSD1 and 3βHSD2 enzymatic activity in vitro; blocks conversion from DHEA to androstenedione and DHT with an IC50 value of less than 1 μmol/L in CRPC cell lines; inhibits androgen receptor nuclear translocation; expression of TMPRSS2, prostate-specific antigen, and FKBP5; and decreases CRPC xenograft growth in DHEA-supplemented mice. Conclusions: We conclude that abi inhibits 3βHSD-mediated conversion of DHEA to active androgens in CRPC. This second mode of action might be exploited to reverse resistance to CYP17A1 inhibition at the standard abi dose by dose-escalation or simply by administration with food to increase drug exposure. Clin Cancer Res; 18(13); 3571–9. ©2012 AACR.
Transplantation in First Remission of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Alan K. Burnett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

In patients under the age of 60 who have acute myeloid leukemia, chemotherapy now routinely produces a complete remission in 70 to 80 percent of cases.1,2 Since it is generally accepted that survival is poor if relapse occurs, the priority is to make the most of the remission. Patients in this age group have three options after they enter remission.If an HLA-matched sibling donor is available, allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation is usually chosen. This strategy offers a 50 to 60 percent chance of cure; it became standard treatment in the early 1980s, when the five-year survival with chemotherapy . . .
Unilateral Renal Parenchymal Disease with Contralateral Renal Artery Stenosis of the Fibrodysplasia Type
Authors: Paul E. de Jong
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

In patients who have hypertension and a unilateral small kidney, hypertension may have either a vascular (renal artery stenosis) or nonvascular (urologic) cause. Generally, the hypertension can be attributed to the abnormal-sized kidney, and nephrectomy of the shrunken kidney or correction of the stenotic artery will result in the normalization of blood pressure. We report eight cases of hypertension in young women shown to have a small kidney by intravenous urography. The abnormal-sized kidney was considered to be due to either agenesis or dysplasia and reflux. Although the diseased kidney was thought to be the cause of the high blood pressure, these patients were unique in that they had a stenosis of the contralateral renal artery of the fibrodysplasia type, which was predominantly localized in the distal part of the artery and frequently extended into the peripheral branches. Successful anatomic correction of the stenotic artery without surgery on the contralateral small kidney resulted in the normalization of blood pressure. This previously unrecognized combination of parenchymal disease of one kidney and renal artery stenosis of the fibrodysplasia type on the contralateral side should be considered in patients with hypertension and a unilateral small kidney. Such recognition could prevent the unnecessary treatment of these patients with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or nephrectomy.