tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Decreased rates of methionine synthesis by methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase-deficient fibroblasts and lymphoblasts.
Authors: G R Boss, R W Erbe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Methionine synthesis from homocysteine was measured in intact human fibroblasts and lymphoblasts using a [14C]formate label. Seven fibroblast lines and two lymphoblast lines derived from patients with 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency had rates of methionine synthesis that were from 4 to 43% of normal. When the patients were divided by clinical status into mildly (two patients), moderately (two patients), and severely (three patients) affected, methionine biosynthesis expressed as a percent of control values was 43 and 33%, 11 and 10%, and 7, 6, and 4%, respectively, in fibroblasts. Similar data for the two lymphoblast lines were 36 and 26% for a mildly and moderately affected patient, respectively. These data are to be contrasted with the measurement of residual enzyme activity in cell extracts which agrees less precisely with the clinical status of the patients. In the presence of normal methionine synthetase activity, the rate of synthesis of methionine from homocysteine is a function of the activity of the enzyme 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase, and measurement of the methionine biosynthetic capacity of cells deficient in this enzyme accurately reflects the clinical status of the patient from whom the cells were derived.
A RELATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE TO HEMIPLEGIA
Authors: LOUIS FAUGERES BISHOP
Journal: JAMA (1927)

There is no condition that so quickly transfers a patient from the care of one specialist to another as the onset of hemiplegia in cardiovascular disease. Up to the time of the onset of this complication there is no question that the treatment of the person is a problem for the heart specialist. After the onset of hemiplegia, no one would question that he has passed into the domain of the neurologist. The role of the cardiologist up to this time is the prevention, or at least the postponement, of this complication that is always on the horizon.  In the first five years of my practice after leaving the hospital I was closely associated with neurology in that department of the Vanderbilt Clinic. In this busy institution I saw many hundreds of examples of hemiplegia in all its stages, and from every different cause. Later, I spent a period in
Vitamins face control worldwide.
Authors: M. Hanssen
Journal: BMJ (1992)

vitamin K and thus associated with childhood cancer, but in the other hospital there was no association between type of delivery and cancer, regardless of whether or not intramuscular vitamin K had been given.Consequently it is unlikely that type of delivery will explain the link between intramuscular vitamin K and childhood cancer.We note the response from D Kaiser and PA Hooper of Roche.As they indicate in their letter, the second vitamin K study was indeed funded by them.This funding was only agreed after they had submitted our proposed design for appropriate peer review.The exact design of the study was discussed at length with Roche before it was started and so it is difficult to interpret their statement that they believe this to be seriously flawed.Kaiser and Hooper also criticise the statis- tical methods.The data have been analysed in two different ways, and although possibly some of their criticisms may apply to the use of logistic regres- sion, they do not apply to the Mantel-Haenszel test that we used.The fact that both methods produced almost identical results is a refutation of their claim of bias in the statistical techniques.The Mantel- Haenszel results were published in detail so that it could be seen that these were not unduly influenced by any one particular year.J&OLDING
CD44 in glomerulonephritis: Expression in human renal biopsies, the Thy 1.1 model, and by cultured mesangial cells
Authors: Prabir Roy-Chaudhury, Tee Fern Khong, James H. Willams, Neva E. Haites, Brian Wu, John G. Simpson, David A. Power
Journal: Kidney International (1996)
Statin and β-Blocker Therapy and the Initial Presentation of Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Alan S. Go, Carlos Iribarren, Malini Chandra, Phenius V. Lathon, Stephen P. Fortmann, Thomas Quertermous, Mark A. Hlatky
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Background: Coronary atherosclerosis develops slowly over decades but is frequently characterized clinically by sudden unstable episodes. Patients who present with unstable coronary disease, such as acute myocardial infarction, may systematically differ from patients who present with relatively stable coronary disease, such as exertional angina. Objective: To examine whether medication use or patient characteristics influence the mode of initial clinical presentation of coronary disease. Design: Case–control study. Setting: Large integrated health care delivery system in northern California. Patients: Adults whose first clinical presentation of coronary disease was either acute myocardial infarction (n = 916) or stable exertional angina (n = 468). Measurements: Use of cardiac medications before the event from pharmacy databases and demographic, lifestyle, and clinical characteristics from self-report and clinical and administrative databases. Results: Compared with patients with incident stable exertional angina, patients with incident acute myocardial infarction were more likely to be men, smokers, physically inactive, and hypertensive but were less likely to have a parental history of coronary disease. Patients presenting with myocardial infarction were much less likely to have received statins (19.3% vs. 40.4%; P < 0.001) and β-blockers (19.0% vs. 47.7%; P < 0.001) than patients presenting with exertional angina. After adjustment for potential confounders, recent use of statins (adjusted odds ratio, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.32 to 0.62]) and β-blockers (adjusted odds ratio, 0.26 [CI, 0.19 to 0.35]) was associated with lower likelihoods of presenting with an acute myocardial infarction than with stable angina. Limitations: This observational study did not have information on all possible confounding factors, including use of aspirin therapy. Conclusion: Statin and β-blocker use was associated with lower odds of presenting with an acute myocardial infarction than with stable angina. Additional studies are needed to confirm that these therapies protect against unstable, higher-risk clinical presentations of coronary disease.
Erythema nodosum and psittacosis: report of five cases.
Authors: M. Sarner, R. J. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1965)

The average pulmonary blood volume in normal persons was 211 ml./m.2, in patients with mitral regurgitation 266 mnl./m2, and in those with mitral stenosis 419 ml./m.2In patients with mitral stenosis the pulmonary blood volume could be related to pulmonary symptoms like exertional dyspnoea, haemoptysis, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea.Pulmonary blood volume could also be related directly to left atrial and pulmonary arterial pressures and inversely to pulmonary vascular resistance.It is suggested that estimation of pulmonary blood volume may be an additional useful parameter to explain pulmonary symptoms of patients with mitral stenosis.
Apolipoprotein (apo) E inhibits the capacity of monosodium urate crystals to stimulate neutrophils. Characterization of intraarticular apo E and demonstration of apo E binding to urate crystals in vivo.
Authors: R A Terkeltaub, C A Dyer, J Martin, L K Curtiss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Factors that modulate the ability of monosodium urate crystals to stimulate leukocytes could regulate gouty inflammation. Lipoproteins that bear apo B-100 and apo E bind to urate crystals and suppress crystal-neutrophil interaction. In this study, we observed that urate crystals, coated with apo E of monocyte origin, had a diminished ability to stimulate neutrophils. Apo E was also detected on the surface of urate crystals recovered from gout patients. Thus, we analyzed apo E in noninflammatory synovial fluid, and found it to be associated with particles of heterogeneous size and of predominantly alpha and pre-beta electrophoretic mobility. Local articular synthesis of at least a portion of synovial fluid apo E was suggested because (a) the synovial fluid/plasma concentration ratio of apo E was significantly higher than that for both apo B and apo A-I, which are not widely synthesized by extrahepatic tissues, (b) cultured rheumatoid synovial cells in first passage secreted apo E, (c) a portion of synovial fluid apo E was heavily sialylated. We conclude that synovial fluids contain apo E that appears partly of local origin. Apo E binds to urate crystals and could modulate gouty inflammation.
Board-Certified Physicians in the United States
Authors: Francis D. Moore, Susan M. Lang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Abstract Board certification is a universal ambition among graduates of American medical schools. It is a measure of postgraduate achievement and clinical ability that leads to staff appointments, promotions, clinical privileges, increased fees, and reduced mal-practice premiums. The number of physicians receiving specialty-board diplomas each year has increased remarkably over the past 15 years. The annual mean for the years 1976–1978 was 17,381 — larger than the graduating medical class four years before. The number of board-certified physicians in medicine, surgery, and the clinical services increased from 106,300 in 1971 to 158,900 in 1978. The percentage of board-certified physicians in these fields has increased from 65 to 78 per cent. Board certification in family practice commenced in 1970 and is still increasing sharply (from 1523 [1970–1972] to 3444 [1976–1978]). The growth of internal medicine and its subjacent specialties is the most spectacular and has been more rapid than that of either surgery or the clinical services, in both of which the board-certification rate and number of board-certified practitioners have stabilized since 1973. As board certification becomes a virtually universal criterion that carries the implication of de facto licensing, its social role should be reevaluated. (N Engl J Med. 1981; 304:1078–84.)
GRANULOMA ANNULARE IN IDENTICAL TWINS
Authors: S. K. GOOLAMALI, C. J. STEVENSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Journal Article GRANULOMA ANNULARE IN IDENTICAL TWINS Get access S. K. GOOLAMALI, S. K. GOOLAMALI Department of Dermatology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. J. STEVENSON C. J. STEVENSON Department of Dermatology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 86, Issue 6, 1 June 1972, Pages 636–637, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1972.tb05081.x Published: 01 June 1972 Article history Accepted: 18 January 1972 Published: 01 June 1972
Statistics in question. Assessing methods--critical comment.
Authors: S M Gore
Journal: BMJ (1981)

CRITICAL COMMENT-distinct points in the figure do not represent distinct patients '*k4 C7z-IC -from the figure it is impossible to deduce for /Q *. individual patients the change in temperature gradient after withdrawal of olalol -there is no randomised control group -temperature gradient was measured knowing that treatment had been withdrawn-patients who refused were not followed up -two volunteers were lost to follow-up, with no explanation, at two monthsThe last article of this series presents mistaken examples from medical journals.Readers are asked to identify oversights in the design of these studies, misuse of statistical methods, or careless interpretation of results.I have not tried to find a comprehensive set of examples-good scientific method, frank reporting, and careful refereeing should make that task difficult-but there are enough cases to remind us to be critical in appraising research papers, even if they have passed an editorial filter.This will ensure that we learn and propagate the best methods.Errors in analysis do not necessarily invalidate conclusions,' and careless interpretation can be reviewed by correspondents.Faults in the design of a clinical study are not easily remedied after the event.This is why statisticians primarily emphasise good scientific method.
Calcium Antagonists Ameliorate Ischemia-Induced Endothelial Cell Permeability by Inhibiting Protein Kinase C
Authors: Albrecht Hempel, Carsten Lindschau, Christian Maasch, Matthias Mahn, Rostislav Bychkov, Thomas Noll, Friedrich C. Luft, Hermann Haller
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Dihydropyridines block calcium channels; however, they also influence endothelial cells, which do not express calcium channels. We tested the hypothesis that nifedipine can prevent ischemia-induced endothelial permeability increases by inhibiting protein kinase C (PKC) in cultured porcine endothelial cells. Methods and Results —Ischemia was induced by potassium cyanide/deoxyglucose, and permeability was measured by albumin flux. Ion channels were characterized by patch clamp. [Ca 2+ ] i was measured by fura 2. PKC activity was measured by substrate phosphorylation after cell fractionation. PKC isoforms were assessed by Western blot and confocal microscopy. Nifedipine prevented the ischemia-induced increase in permeability in a dose-dependent manner. Ischemia increased [Ca 2+ ] i , which was not affected by nifedipine. Instead, ischemia-induced PKC translocation was prevented by nifedipine. Phorbol ester also increased endothelial cell permeability, which was dose dependently inhibited by nifedipine. The effects of non–calcium-channel–binding dihydropyridine derivatives were similar. Analysis of the PKC isoforms showed that nifedipine prevented ischemia-induced translocation of PKC-α and PKC-ζ. Specific inhibition of PKC isoforms with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides demonstrated a major role for PKC-α. Conclusions —Nifedipine exerts a direct effect on endothelial cell permeability that is independent of calcium channels. The inhibition of ischemia-induced permeability by nifedipine seems to be mediated primarily by PKC-α inhibition. Anti-ischemic effects of dihydropyridine calcium antagonists could be due in part to their effects on endothelial cell permeability.
ACTH LEVELS IN PLASMA IN PREOPERATIVE AND SURGICALLY STRESSED PATIENTS*
Authors: Collin E. Cooper, Don H. Nelson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1962)

ACTH levels in human plasma during surgical stress have not been estimated previously.Much evidence (1-7) has accumulated, however, con- cerning variations in adrenal cortical steroids in plasma during and after surgery.Although an increase in plasma ACTH with stress has been noted in animal experiments, it has been suggested by some investigators that elevation of corticos- teroids in plasma after surgery is controlled by changes in hepatic function and concentration of plasma corticosteroid rather than by a "direct drive" of ACTH release (8, 9).
Unearthly Medicine Demands Special Devices
Authors: Chris Anne Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1988)

IT'S GOING to be some time before space physicians will be able to wave a hand-held box over their patients, à la "Star Trek's" Dr McCoy, and make a diagnosis. Yet, the tools NASA is developing for the Health Maintenance Facility have some of the flavor of science fiction, because they will need to be adapted to the conditions of micro-gravity. The core diagnostic component of the facility will include capability to do a complete blood count, urinalysis, clinical chemistry and electrolyte measurements, basic microbiology, and diagnostic imaging. Scientists in NASA's clinical laboratory have been working with private firms to adapt existing technologies to the space environment. Some of these technologies have already been used in space flights; some are being developed specifically for the space station. Hematologic analyses will be done by placing a sample into a coated capillary tube; the tube is centrifuged and the cells separate into
Relationships among environmental exposures, cord blood cytokine responses, allergy, and wheeze at 1 year of age in an inner-city birth cohort (Urban Environment and Childhood Asthma study)
Authors: Robert A. Wood, Gordon R. Bloomberg, Meyer Kattan, Kathleen Conroy, Megan T. Sandel, Amy Dresen, Peter J. Gergen, Diane R. Gold, John C. Schwarz, Cynthia M. Visness, James E. Gern
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Beyond Numbers: The Multiple Cultural Meanings of Rising Cesarean Rates Worldwide
Authors: Kristina Orfali
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2012)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes In a study (Hildingsson Citation2008) in Sweden, a woman's own preference about caesarean section was associated with the subsequent mode of delivery. Asking women about their preference regarding mode of delivery in early pregnancy may increase the opportunity to provide adequate support and possibly also to reduce the caesarean section rate.
Targeting Histones and Proteasomes: New Strategies for the Treatment of Lymphoma
Authors: Owen A. O'Connor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Our ever-increasing understanding of cancer cell biology has begun to provide a variety of new, and potentially drugable targets for the treatment of many forms of cancer. Nowhere else is this more apparent than in the treatment of the lymphomas. A rapidly emerging experience in gene expression profiling has begun to suggest that we can define different subtypes of lymphoma on the basis of unique molecular signatures. These signatures can define important signaling pathways that may help account for the biology of different subsets of lymphoma, and are teaching us that the lymphomas are truly a heterogeneous set of diseases. What remains equally as interesting is the idea that empiric observations of novel targeted drugs in select subtypes of lymphoma can teach us much about the biology of different lymphomas. A priori assumptions about the anticipated activity of novel targeted agents in select subtypes of lymphoma have been turned upside down. Two pathways that have emerged recently as potentially important targets for new agents in lymphoma include the ubiquitin proteasome pathway and the biochemical reactions that control histone acetylation. New classes of drugs that affect these targets, such as bortezomib, depsipeptide, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, and a host of other compounds, though affecting a unique target in the cell, are associated with a remarkable panoply of different downstream biologic effects. In this article, we will review some of the prevailing theories about how these novel targeted drugs affect lymphoma biology, and how these compounds are changing the face of lymphoma therapy.
Cell signaling and cytotoxicity by peroxynitrite.
Authors: Orazio Cantoni, Letizia Palomba, Andrea Guidarelli, Ilaria Tommasini, Liana Cerioni, Piero Sestili
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Reactive nitrogen species are now considered to play an important role in various pathologies. Although the pathological significance of these molecules, peroxynitrite in particular, has long been attributed to their abilities to react with any component of the cells, including lipids, proteins, and DNA, a paradigm shift has recently been occurring whereby reactive nitrogen species are appreciated as signaling molecules. The question therefore arises as to whether nitrosative stress is indeed the result of a random (stochastic) process of cell damage, as it has traditionally been viewed, or rather is a consequence of the specific activation of a cascade of signaling events. The above considerations have provided the bases for the research work performed in our laboratory, and the results obtained are illustrated in the present article. In particular, our results indicate that some effects of peroxynitrite are not directly mediated by the oxidant; rather, it appears that peroxynitrite triggers a signaling pathway that finally leads to cytotoxicity.
Racial Differences in Survival From Breast Cancer-Reply
Authors: J. William Eley
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We thank Dr Joslyn for her comments. There is an important difference between African-American women and white women regarding the incidence of breast cancer; the incidence rate of breast cancer is higher among black women before 45 years of age, and greater for white women after 45 years.<sup>1</sup>Since breast cancer in premenopausal women has been noted to be associated with poorer survival, the increased incidence of breast cancer among African-American women may be a partial explanation for the poorer survival experience among that group. Age of diagnosis was a design variable in our study; we frequency-matched by age group (&lt;50, 50 to 64, and ≥65 years) and, therefore, ensured approximately equal numbers of African-American and white women in each group. Joslyn is correct in stating that we cannot, therefore, assess the contribution of age to the overall difference in survival between African-American and white women. However,
Increased Red Blood Cell Production in Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia
Authors: Stephen B. Goodman
Journal: JAMA (1967)

One of us (M.H.B.) had observed that the number of erythroblasts is increased in the marrow of patients with chronic myelocytic (granulocytic) leukemia who have bled chronically. This erythroblastic hyperplasia, in patients with a malignant proliferation of granulocytes, has considerable theoretical significance. In three cases of chronic myelocytic leukemia increased red blood cell production and erythroblastic hyperplasia resulted from chronic bleeding. In one case the bleeding was spontaneous; in the other two cases repeated phlebotomies were done to stimulate erythropoiesis. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> One unit of whole blood (500 ml) was removed each week from two patients (cases 1 and 2) unless hemoglobin level was considerably lower than the previous week, or unless it was below 11.0 gm/100 ml. The iron lost at each phlebotomy was replaced intravenously with 5 ml of iron dextran injection (Imferon) containing 250 mg of elemental iron. We occasionally gave iron dextran injection even when
Environmental prevention in atopic eczema dermatitis syndrome (AEDS) and asthma: avoidance of indoor allergens
Authors: C. Capristo, I. Romei, A. L. Boner
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Indoor allergens represent an important precipitating factor for both asthma and atopic eczema dermatitis syndromes (AEDS). There is also accumulating evidence that sensitization to those allergens is associated with the onset of atopic disorders. Patients with AEDS present aeroallergen‐specific T‐cell responses associated with worsening of symptoms when exposed to specific aeroallergens. Furthermore, application of indoor allergens to the skin of patient with AEDS induces a local eczematous response in one‐third of these patients. Exposure to high concentrations of mite allergens in early infancy have been demonstrated to be a risk factor for developing atopic dermatitis during the first 3 years of life. Moreover, a clear dose–response relationship has been documented between mite exposure and disease activity. Primary prevention of AEDS by avoiding indoor allergen exposure has been proved to be effective only when allergenic foods have also been avoided. Mite allergen avoidance in infants with AEDS and food allergy may however, prevent mite sensitization and the onset of asthma. Indoor allergen avoidance has been demonstrated to be effective in the majority of studies performed in patients with established AEDS. Negative results may be explained either by individual susceptibility variation, by long duration of disease with the consequent irreversible pathological changes in the target tissue or by exposure to allergens outside the house. Education of the patients and public consciousness of the problems are crucial for the efficacy of indoor allergen avoidance in allergic diseases.