tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Aircraft Noise Exposure and Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study
Authors: Charlotta Eriksson, Agneta Hilding, Andrei Pyko, Gösta Bluhm, Göran Pershagen, Claes-Göran Östenson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Long-term aircraft noise exposure may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, but no study has investigated chronic effects on the metabolic system.The aim of this study was to investigate effects of long-term aircraft noise exposure on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, we explored the modifying effects of sleep disturbance.This prospective cohort study of residents of Stockholm County, Sweden, followed 5,156 participants with normal baseline oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) for up to 10 years. Exposure to aircraft noise was estimated based on residential history. Information on outcomes and confounders was obtained from baseline and follow-up surveys and examinations, and participants who developed prediabetes or type 2 diabetes were identified by self-reported physician diagnosis or OGTT at follow-up. Adjusted associations were assessed by linear, logistic, and random-effects models.The mean (± SD) increases in BMI and waist circumference during follow-up were 1.09 ± 1.97 kg/m2 and 4.39 ± 6.39 cm, respectively. The cumulative incidence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes was 8% and 3%, respectively. Based on an ordinal noise variable, a 5-dB(A) increase in aircraft noise was associated with a greater increase in waist circumference of 1.51 cm (95% CI: 1.13, 1.89), fully adjusted. This association appeared particularly strong among those who did not change their home address during the study period, which may be a result of lower exposure misclassification. However, no clear associations were found for BMI or type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, sleep disturbances did not appear to modify the associations with aircraft noise.Long-term aircraft noise exposure may be linked to metabolic outcomes, in particular increased waist circumference.
Altered intracellular and extracellular signaling leads to impaired T-cell functions in ADA-SCID patients
Authors: Barbara Cassani, Massimiliano Mirolo, Federica Cattaneo, Ulrike Benninghoff, Michael Hershfield, Filippo Carlucci, Antonella Tabucchi, Claudio Bordignon, Maria Grazia Roncarolo, Alessandro Aiuti
Journal: Blood (2008)
Ethmozin, a new antiarrhythmic drug for suppressing ventricular premature complexes.
Authors: P J Podrid, A Lyakishev, B Lown, N Mazur
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Ethmozin, a phenothiazine derivative, is an antiarrhythmic drug synthesized in the USSR. Preliminary data suggest that it is effective against a diversity of ectopic arrhythmias. The present study, carried out in the USSR, was designed to assess efficacy and patient tolerance of this new drug. Thirty-seven patients with chronic, persistent, frequent and symptomatic ventricular premature complexes (VPCs) were studied. VPCs were exposed by means of 24-hour ambulatory monitoring and exercise stress testing. Two drug schedules were used. Group 1, consisting of 11 patients, received 225 mg/day of ethmozin, while group 2, consisting of 26 patients, received 600 mg/day. Acute drug testing with a single large dose of ethmozin was followed by multiple dosing for a minimum of 4 days. Placebo was given in a single-blind fashion only to responders. Only two patients in group 1 had a significant reduction in VPCs as evaluated by both monitoring and exercise testing. Fourteen patients in group 2 (54%) showed striking suppression of VPCs. Mild and transiet effects were encountered in only four of the 37 patients. We conclude that ethmozin appears to be a well-tolerated, relatively effective agent for controlling VPCs.
SIGNIFICANT DOWN-REGULATION OF THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE INTERLEUKIN-10 IS GENOTYPE DEPENDENT IN ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES WITH INTRA-PLAQUE HEMORRHAGE
Authors: Pedro R. Moreno, K-Raman Purushothaman, Meerarani Purushothaman, Prakash Krishnan, Patrick A. Lento, John T. Fallon, Annapoorna S. Kini, Samin K. Sharma, Andrew P. Levy, Valentin Fuster
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Papillomavirus Capsids: a New Approach to Identify Serological Markers of HPV Infection
Authors: Denise A. Galloway
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Papillomavirus Capsids: a New Approach to Identify Serological Markers of HPV Infection Get access Denise A. Galloway Denise A. Galloway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 7, 6 April 1994, Pages 474–475, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.7.474 Published: 06 April 1994 Article history Received: 04 March 1994 Accepted: 04 March 1994 Published: 06 April 1994
Engine-Operating Load Influences Diesel Exhaust Composition and Cardiopulmonary and Immune Responses
Authors: Jacob D. McDonald, Matthew J. Campen, Kevin S. Harrod, JeanClare Seagrave, Steven K. Seilkop, Joe L. Mauderly
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

The composition of diesel engine exhaust (DEE) varies by engine type and condition, fuel, engine operation, and exhaust after treatment such as particle traps. DEE has been shown to increase inflammation, susceptibility to infection, and cardiovascular responses in experimentally exposed rodents and humans. Engines used in these studies have been operated at idle, at different steady-state loads, or on variable-load cycles, but exposures are often reported only as the mass concentration of particulate matter (PM), and the effects of different engine loads and the resulting differences in DEE composition are unknown.We assessed the impacts of load-related differences in DEE composition on models of inflammation, susceptibility to infection, and cardiovascular toxicity.We assessed inflammation and susceptibility to viral infection in C57BL/6 mice and cardiovascular toxicity in APOE-/- mice after being exposed to DEE generated from a single-cylinder diesel generator operated at partial or full load.At the same PM mass concentration, partial load resulted in higher proportions of particle organic carbon content and a smaller particle size than did high load. Vapor-phase hydrocarbon content was greater at partial load. Compared with high-load DEE, partial-load DEE caused greater responses in heart rate and T-wave morphology, in terms of both magnitude and rapidity of onset of effects, consistent with previous findings that systemic effects may be driven largely by the gas phase of the exposure atmospheres. However, high-load DEE caused more lung inflammation and greater susceptibility to viral infection than did partial load.Differences in engine load, as well as other operating variables, are important determinants of the type and magnitude of responses to inhaled DEE. PM mass concentration alone is not a sufficient basis for comparing or combining results from studies using DEE generated under different conditions.
MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRELIMINARY REQUIREMENTS.
Authors: GEORGE H. SIMMONS
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The subject that I shall discuss to-night is one that has many phases, and one on which all do not agree; however, it is one of vital importance and one in which all are interested. I trust that your deep interest in the subject will influence you to bear with me, even though our opinions may not coincide in every particular. At no time in the history of our country has there been such an unrest in educational affairs as now. The primary and grammar grades have apparently a sure foundation, and will continue to remain about as they are. But above these grades everything seems to be uncertain. Even the high school, we are told, has not an absolutely certain position. What is to become of the college, however, is the question anxiously asked by those who are in the habit of looking through darkcolored glasses. They
A preceding airway reaction to one allergen may lead to priming of the airway responses to another allergen
Authors: Y. Y. Koh, J.W. Choi, M.H. Lee, Y. H. Sun, S. I. Lee, S. Y. Lee, J. W. Oh
Journal: Allergy (1997)

This study aimed to determine whether a preceding airway response to one allergen leads to priming of the airway responses to another allergen. Twelve asthmatic children who had positive prick tests to two allergens, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (D.p.) and German cockroach (CR), participated in a randomized, placebo‐controlled crossover study. We performed two consecutive inhalation challenges, D.p. challenge being followed 48 h later by CR challenge. The effect of initial (D.p.) challenge on the early and late airway responses to the subsequent (CR) challenge (CR2) was examined by comparing the responses with those to CR challenge preceded by sham challenge (CR1). The geometric mean PD 20 of CR allergen in the CR2 was 2.8 BU (breath unit) (range of 1 SD; 0.77‐10.4), which was 12.0‐fold less than that (33.7 BU, 10.8‐105.2) in the CR1. The administration of a 6.1–fold less dose (8.9 BU, 2.7‐28.8) in the CR2 than hi the CR1 (54.5 BU, 44.1‐69.3) provoked a similar degree of late‐phase reactions (18.7±7.3% vs 15.8 ± 9.6%). Our data indicated that the early‐ and late‐phase reactions to CR challenge were augmented by the preceding reaction to D.p. This suggests that a preceding airway response to one allergen may lead to priming, with enhancement of the early and late airway responses to the subsequent challenge with another allergen.
Diagnostic Problem Related to a Biologic False-Positive Serologic Test for Syphilis
Authors: George W. Sciple, C. Hunter Montgomery, John M. Knox
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

A FOURTEEN-year-old schoolboy was referred to the Venereal Disease Clinic because of a "positive" routine serologic test for syphilis. Physical examination had been negative, and a tentative diagnosis of biologic false-positive reaction had been made by the referring physician.A history obtained in our clinic revealed a nonspecific upper respiratory infection occurring several weeks earlier but was negative for information about syphilis, and the patient denied sexual exposure of any kind. Serum serologic tests for syphilis were reported as weakly reactive (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory), reactive (Kolmer) and nonreactive (Kahn). The cerebrospinal-fluid Kolmer test was nonreactive. Venereal Disease Research Laboratory . . .
The Fragile Coalition: Scientists, Activists, and AIDS
Authors: Virginia M. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1991)

"Senate AIDS Vote Was Political, Not Medical"—so reads the header for the letters to the editor of the<i>New York Times</i>on August 5, 1991. Reference is made to fines and imprisonment for physicians who fail to notify their patients of their human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status. In the Rochester, NY,<i>Democrat and Chronicle</i>on July 11, 1991, Edward Lewis, MD, president of the Monroe County Medical Society, asks, "Why should this disease be treated differently from others when it poses greater risk to exposed people? Because the disease is being treated as a political issue not a medical one." A similar theme is discussed by David Rothman and Harold Egar in the July 1991 issue of<i>Hospital Practice</i>in their article "AIDS Activism and Ethics." Activists for persons with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome have thrust the laboratory scientist and patient care provider into the political arena. Their persistence is
ANTITETANIC SERUM IN FOURTH OF JULY INJURIES.
Authors: H. J. SCHERCK
Journal: JAMA (1906)

For the last few years I have published the results of my work along the line of immunization of patients who applied to us with wounds which occurred about the Fourth of July, caused by the indiscriminate use of the toy pistol, dynamite canes, giant crackers, etc. While the fact has been well established that for immunizing purposes antitetanic serum is absolutely a positive preventive against the development of tetanus, yet I deem it of sufficient importance to publish my results for this year in order that the use of the serum as an immunizing agent may become universal throughout the civilized world. <h3>Benefit of Press Aid.</h3> —This year very nearly twice as many cases as last year were handled by the city dispensaries of St. Louis, and the credit for this large increase must again be given to the daily press of our city who gave great publicity to
Polymorphism of the complement receptor for C3bi.
Authors: G R Russ, A P Haddad, B D Tait, A J d'Apice
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

RM2.184, a mouse IgG2a monoclonal antibody, recognizes a polymorphic determinant on the complement receptor for C3bi which is present on granulocytes and monocytes. The RM2.184 epitope is distinct from the monomorphic determinant recognized by the monoclonal antibody OKM1. The RM2.184 epitope is probably on the alpha subunit and dependent on the association of the alpha and beta subunits for its configuration, as it can not be detected after the subunits have been dissociated. The phenotypic frequency of the RM2.184 antigen is approximately 14%, and its segregation in families is independent of HLA and consistent with an autosomal co-dominant mode of inheritance.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Trial of Egg Oral Immunotherapy in Children: An Analysis of Clinical Tolerance
Authors: S.M. Jones, A.W. Burks, R.A. Wood, D.M. Fleischer, S.H. Sicherer, R.W. Lindblad, D. Stablein, A.K. Henning, B.P. Vickery, A.H. Liu, A.M. Scurlock, W.G. Shreffler, M. Plaut, H.A. Sampson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
THE DISTRIBUTION OF MENINGOCOCCI IN THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT OF CARRIERS
Authors: R. D. HERROLD
Journal: JAMA (1918)

This study was undertaken to compare the frequency of positive cultures from the nasopharynx in meningococcus carriers with their frequency from other parts of the upper respiratory tract, and to determine the relation, if any, that such other parts may have to the persistence of the cocci in the nasopharynx. No reference could be found in the literature to any observations on these points. During an extensive experience with the detection of meningococcus carriers in a large body of men under control, ninety-three segregated men, without discrimination in selection, were examined soon after isolation with regard to the presence of meningococci elsewhere than in the nasopharynx. Cultures were made of the nasopharynx, the tonsils, the anterior superior nares, and the sputum of each individual on the same day. The examinations extended over several weeks as the carriers were detected. A sterile wire swab, with the tip bent at an angle
When the strong punish: Why net costs of punishment are often negligible
Authors: Christopher R. von Rueden, Michael Gurven
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

In small-scale societies, punishment of adults is infrequent and employed when the anticipated cost-to-benefit ratio is low, such as when punishment is collectively justified and administered. In addition, benefits may exceed costs when punishers have relatively greater physical and social capital and gain more from cooperation. We provide examples from the Tsimane horticulturalists of Bolivia to support our claims.
The effects of thiazolidinedione treatment on the regulations of aquaglyceroporins and glycerol kinase in OLETF rats
Authors: Dae-Ho Lee, Deok-Bae Park, Young-Ki Lee, Chun-San An, You-Sung Oh, Jung-Sook Kang, Sin-Hae Kang, Min-Young Chung
Journal: Metabolism (2005)
Assessment of abnormal systolic intraventricular flow patterns by Doppler imaging in patients with left ventricular dyssynergy.
Authors: P J Garrahy, O L Kwan, D C Booth, A N DeMaria
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Few data exist regarding the consequences of abnormalities of segmental contraction on intraventricular flow patterns. The development of color Doppler flow imaging has now permitted the visualization of intraventricular blood flow patterns. Therefore, we performed Doppler flow mapping in 41 patients (12 with normal left ventricular contraction, eight with hypokinesis or akinesis, and 21 with dyskinesis) and compared these findings with left ventriculography. Systolic blood flow by Doppler mapping in subjects with normal ventricular contraction was characterized primarily by flow through the left ventricular outflow tract and into the aorta. In patients with dyskinesis, paradoxical systolic flow toward the abnormal segment was present, and persisted for at least 50% of systole in 18 of 21 patients. Mean duration of paradoxical flow in dyskinetic patients was 77% of systole. Paradoxical flow was also observed in two of five patients with akinesis but in no patients with hypokinesis. A good correlation was observed between the duration of paradoxical systolic flow and indexes of regional wall motion (radian shortening of the involved myocardium) (r = 0.77) and global ejection fraction derived from cineangiography (r = 0.79). Correlations between the area of the paradoxical systolic flow stream in midsystole and indexes of left ventricular function were less close, with r equaling 0.57 for both regional wall motion and ejection fraction. Thus, paradoxical systolic flow can be detected in most patients with left ventricular dyskinesis, and correlates with the magnitude of regional and global left ventricular dysfunction by cineangiography.
30. Defining the spectrum of clinical immunology
Authors: William T. Shearer, C.Garrison Fathman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)

<h2>Abstract</h2> Historically, in the development of the subspecialty of clinical immunology, loosely connected groups of transplanters, endocrinologists, gastroenterologists, and many others have existed, each practicing a special form of immunology pertinent to their area of interest. The diversity of interests and separation of efforts, and the absence of educational initiatives in this field, have conspired to prevent most clinical immunologists from receiving the education required and the recognition appropriate for this subspecialty of medicine. What is proposed here is an attempt to collect the wide spectrum and isolated components of clinical immunology-specific practices into a unifying concept centered around four themes that define the field of clinical immunology better than traditional organ or disease based specialties: (1) immunoregulation, (2) immunotherapy, (3) immunogenetics, and (4) immunodiagnostics. This definition of the themes of clinical immunology provides a cross-disciplinary approach to understanding the present spectrum of interests of clinical immunologists and easily incorporates new interests, such as host defense, as the practice of clinical immunology evolves. In the future, through the use of a thematic approach to the training of clinical immunologists, a new, more organized mechanism may evolve for defining this specialty, educating the members, and providing a common pathway of certification. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;111:S766-73.)
Therapeutic actions of garlic constituents
Authors: Kailash C. Agarwal
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (1996)

Most studies on garlic during the past 15 years have been primarily in the fields of cardiovascular and cancer research. Cardiovascular studies have been mainly related to atherosclerosis, where effects were examined on serum cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides. Although the studies were not consistent in relation to the dosage, standardization of garlic preparations, and period of treatment, most findings suggest that garlic decreases cholesterol and triglycerides levels in patients with increased levels of these lipids. Lowering of serum lipids by garlic ingestion may decrease the atherosclerosis process. The other major beneficial effect of garlic is due to its antithrombotic actions. This field of garlic research has been extensively studied. Garlic extracts and several garlic constituents demonstrate significant antithrombotic actions both in vitro and in vivo systems. Allicin and adenosine are the most potent antiplatelet constituents of garlic because of their in vitro effects. Since both allicin and adenosine are rapidly metabolized in human blood and other tissues, it is doubtful that these compounds contribute to any antithrombotic actions in the body. In addition, ajoene also seems not to be an active antiplatelet principle, because it is not naturally present in garlic, garlic powders, or other commercial garlic preparations. Only a small amount of ajoene can be found in garlic oil-macerates; however, ajoene is being developed as a drug for treatment of thromboembolic disorders. Recent findings on the identification of potent enzyme inhibiting activities of adenosine deaminase and cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase in garlic extracts are interesting, and may have a significant role in the pharmacological actions in the body. Presence of such enzyme inhibitors in garlic may perhaps explain several clinical effects in the body, including the antithrombotic, vasodilatory, and anticancer actions. Epidemiological studies have suggested that garlic plays a significant role in the reduction of deaths caused by malignant diseases. This had led many investigators to examine garlic and garlic constituents for their antitumor and cytotoxic actions both in vitro and in laboratory animals. The data from these investigations suggest that garlic contains several potentially important agents that possess antitumor and anticarcinogenic properties. In summary, the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data have proved that garlic contains many biologically and pharmacologically important compounds, which are beneficial to human health from cardiovascular, neoplastic, and several other diseases. Numerous studies are in progress all over the world to develop effective and odorless garlic preparations, as well as to isolate the active principles that may be therapeutically useful.
Life, Death, and the Insurance Companies
Authors: Donald W. Light
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

The United States is unique among nations in having private companies run its health insurance system, handle claims, and make determinations about coverage. Over the past 20 years, American physicians have increasingly felt the effects of competition among these companies to minimize the risks they cover and the claims they pay1. However, the critera for decisions by insurance companies have gone largely unexamined. In this issue of the Journal, new evidence and an inside account shed light on the ways in which insurance companies decide when and when not to pay for costly medical treatments that may benefit very . . .
Interleukin-15 (IL-15) and IL-15 receptor alpha fusion protein enhances antitumor activity of myxoma virus
Authors: Vesna Tosic, Diana L Thomas, David M Kranz, Jia Liu, Grant McFadden, Amy L MacNeill, Edward J Roy
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Myxoma virus, a rabbit poxvirus, can efficiently infect various classes of mouse and human cancer cells. It is a strict rabbit-specific pathogen, safe to use in all non-rabbit hosts tested including mice and humans. Recombinant viruses were previously engineered to express