tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE METHODIC DESCRIPTION OF A SURGICAL DISEASE.
Authors: EDMOND SOUCHON
Journal: JAMA (1896)

No art, no study has ever become a science until it had evolved its methods and its laws. The great effect and the use of these are to cover and govern a multitude of details which otherwise have to be remembered separately; also to facilitate the understanding between writers and readers. Students sorely need a methodical guide to lead them in the intricate labyrinths of surgical descriptions, and yet those labyrinths are really only so because we lack the knowledge or the charts of their construction, or an Ariadne's thread which will be a sure guide in, through and out of the apparently innumerable turns and meanders. Upon close study it is found that in the diseased as in the healthy state nature's laws are less numereus, less complicated, more simple than we think, after we have succeeded in recognizing them, reading them, understanding them and remembering them. Another object
Relapse risk after umbilical cord blood transplantation: enhanced graft-versus-leukemia effect in recipients of 2 units
Authors: Michael R. Verneris, Claudio G. Brunstein, Juliet Barker, Margaret L. MacMillan, Todd DeFor, David H. McKenna, Michael J. Burke, Bruce R. Blazar, Jeffrey S. Miller, Philip B. McGlave, Daniel J. Weisdorf, John E. Wagner
Journal: Blood (2009)
All set for strife-torn August
Authors: W. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1982)

The decision by the TUC Health Services Committee to step up industrial action in the NHS with a five-day stoppage from 9 to 13 August was bad news indeed for the Health ministers.Mr Norman Fowler, Social Services Secretary, is said to be determined to "sweat it out," and it was precisely that note of belligerence that his Minister of State, Mr Kenneth Clarke, hit when he wound up a notably acrimonious three-hour emergency debate in the Commons on the three-day stoppage (p 386).So far as Labour is concerned they have misread events.The argument runs that they have failed to appreciate the reality that lies behind any industrial dispute-the parties have to work together after it is over-and that, as a former journalist and lawyer, they may intellectually understand events, but have no gut appreciation of how a dispute develops.Certainly neither minister has given the slightest hint of movement on the unions' 12% pay claim.The 6-5% offer is all
Free-radical-mediated DNA binding.
Authors: P J O'Brien
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Free-radical metabolites can be generated metabolically by a one-electron reductase-catalyzed reaction or a "peroxidase" catalyzed oxidation or by photoactivation of a wide variety of aromatic xenobiotics. Radicals may also be generated during lipid peroxidation. Some radicals can react with DNA or bind covalently or noncovalently as a dismutation product or as a dimer, trimer or polymeric product. Modification to the DNA can result in single-strand breaks, loss of template activity, and crosslinking. The binding can prevent enzymic digestion. In some cases, the radicals react with oxygen, resulting before conversion to DNA reactive oxygen species. Most radicals probably do not interact with DNA.
Prospective evaluation of a pharmacogenetics-guided warfarin loading and maintenance dose regimen for initiation of therapy
Authors: Inna Y. Gong, Rommel G. Tirona, Ute I. Schwarz, Natalie Crown, George K. Dresser, Samantha LaRue, Nicole Langlois, Alejandro Lazo-Langner, Guangyong Zou, Dan M. Roden, C. Michael Stein, Marc Rodger, Marc Carrier, Melissa Forgie, Philip S. Wells, Richard B. Kim
Journal: Blood (2011)
Long‐term follow‐up of 386 consecutive patients with essential thrombocythemia: Safety of cytoreductive therapy
Authors: Francesca Palandri, Lucia Catani, Nicoletta Testoni, Emanuela Ottaviani, Nicola Polverelli, Mauro Fiacchini, Antonio De Vivo, Federica Salmi, Alessandro Lucchesi, Michele Baccarani, Nicola Vianelli
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

Abstract Cytotoxic agents like Hydroxyurea, Busulfan and Interferon‐alpha are to date the most commonly used therapeutic approaches in Essential Thrombocythemia (ET). However, few data on the efficacy and safety of these agents in the long‐term are currently available. We report a retrospective analysis of the long‐term outcome of 386 consecutive ET patients, followed at single Institution for a median follow‐up of 9.5 years (range, 3–28.5). Cytoreductive therapy was administered to 338 patients (88%), obtaining a response in 86% of cases. Forty‐five patients (12%) experienced a thrombosis. Among baseline characteristics, only history of vascular events prior to ET diagnosis predicted a higher incidence of thrombosis. Evolution in acute leukemia/myelofibrosis occurred in 6 (1,5%) and 20 (5%) patients, and was significantly higher in patients receiving sequential cytotoxic agents. Overall survival was 38% at 19 years and was poorer for patients older than 60 years, with higher leukocytes count (&gt;15 × 10 9 /L), hypertension and mellitus diabetes at ET diagnosis and for patients experiencing a thrombotic event during follow‐up. Cytoreductive therapy was effective in decreasing platelet number with negligible toxicity; however, thrombocytosis control did not reduce the incidence of thrombosis and, for patients who received sequential therapies, the probability of disease evolution was higher and survival was poorer. Am. J. Hematol. 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Linear Calcification of The Aorta
Authors: M. C. Thorner
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  Concerning linear calcification of the ascending aorta without syphilis, Jay A. Cohen, MD, made the comment (214:375, 1970): Thus, a 'calcium sign' is still a valid indication of syphilitic aortitis and the present case in which syphilis is apparently absent is an unusual exception.  The case cited is a 73-year-old individual. In an article published in theAmerican Heart Journal(38:641, 1949), Thorner et al pointed out that the average age of patients with syphilis who had linear calcification of the ascending aorta was 54.9 years, with a range of 43 to 77 years. Similar calcification in patients with arteriosclerosis of the aorta not due to syphilis occurred at an average of 83 years with a range of 81 to 85 years. These figures were similar to those published by Jackman and Lubert in 1945 (Amer J Roentgen,53:432), with the average age of
711 HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) INFECTION IN BELGIUM: RESULTS OF THE BELGIAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF THE LIVER (BASL) REGISTRY OF 1421 HBSAG CHRONIC CARRIERS
Authors: P. Deltenre, W. Laleman, M. van Gossum, A. Lenaerts, I. Colle, M. Adler, P. Michielsen, C. Assene, J. Delwaide, H. Orlent, H. Reynaert, F. D'Heygere, P. Langlet, G. Robaeys, C. de Galocsy, R. Brenard, D. Sprengers, M.-C. Mairlot, C. Preux, V. Lefèbvre, J. Henrion
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Genomic Cartography — Presenting the HapMap
Authors: Elizabeth G. Phimister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Many studies are based on the premise that a sample is representative of the larger body from which it was drawn. An article being published in Nature today1 provides a guide for sampling the human genome in a way that will facilitate the quest for genes that influence susceptibility to disease.The article describes a map of haplotypes, colloquially called the HapMap. (A haplotype is a set of closely linked markers on a single chromosome that tend to be inherited as a group.) It is a logical follow-on from the human genome project and fulfills the need for a new . . .
Adrenergic mechanisms in canine hindlimb circulation
Authors: James M. Brungardt, Kenneth G. Swan, David G. Reynolds
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1974)

Epinephrine dilates or constricts canine hindlimb vasculature depending upon the dose; however, norepinephrine causes only vasoconstriction. Since both agonists interact with alpha and beta adrenergic receptors, one might expect norepinephrine to cause vasodilation under appropriate circumstances. This study evaluates the actions of intra-arterial injections (10−3 to 10° [ög kg−1) of norepinephrine, epinephrine, isoproterenol, and phenylephrine on canine hindlimb circulation. Femoral arterial blood flow was measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter. Arterial and central venous pressures were recorded. Low doses of each agonist significantly increased flow (P < 0-05). Higher doses of the amines all reduced flow except isoproterenol which remained a dilator. Alpha adrenergic blockade converted all constrictor responses to vasodilation except that observed with the highest dose of norepinephrine. Beta adrenergic blockade, in general, abolished dilator responses and augmented constrictor responses. These data indicate that the vasoactive properties of these adrenergic amines are dose dependent. The classical alpha adrenergic agonists are all vasodilators at a low dose due to their interaction with beta adrenergic receptors.
Managing Conflicts of Interest in the Conduct of Clinical Trials
Authors: Karine Morin
Journal: JAMA (2002)

The interaction between medical research and for-profit corporations is not new, but it has expanded considerably in recent years. Some of the recent trends may accelerate the research process, particularly when large clinical trials are required. However, a renewed commitment to the application of high ethical standards is essential to ensure that societal trust in research is not eroded, subjects enrolled in trials do not become merely a means to an end, and medical research is efficiently translated into clinical advances that will benefit future patients. This article focuses on the analysis of conflicts of interest in the conduct of clinical trials in both academic and community-based settings. Specifically, it discusses how the roles of research scientists and clinical practitioners differ and the importance of ensuring that participants' consent to enroll in clinical trials is not the result of confusion about the goals of an experimental treatment that may resemble clinical care. The article also discusses the potential conflicts of interest that can arise when clinicians stand to gain from enrolling their own patients as subjects in clinical trials and examines various instances in which disclosure of information regarding funding and compensation may serve to minimize such conflicts. This article emphasizes that to preserve the integrity of research and to protect the welfare of human subjects who enroll in trials, physicians should have adequate training in the conduct of research and be familiar with the ethics of research. When a physician has treated or continues to treat a patient who is eligible to enroll as a subject in a clinical trial conducted by the same physician, someone other than the treating physician should obtain the participant's informed consent. Finally, the article addresses disclosure of financial incentives and related funding issues.
Diabetes Care: Interventions in the Community
Authors: M. Tami Shandro, Mary E. Pick, Adrieanne Gruninger, Edmond A. Ryan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

In the timely review by Renders et al. (1), phoning patients with reminders for follow-up visits is suggested as an intervention of possible value. In the studies quoted, this intervention had not been used in isolation. We recently completed a prospective study looking at the effectiveness of this single intervention in a primary care environment. We hypothesized that having a nurse call patients to remind them of their follow-up visit would be beneficial.

A total of 59 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes were recruited between July 1999 and January 2000 while attending outpatient diabetes teaching programs at the University of Alberta Hospitals. A nurse contacted the patients in the test group by telephone at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after attendance at the Metabolic Center to advise them …
Dinitrophenol, cyclosporin A, and trimetazidine modulate preconditioning in the isolated rat heart: support for a mitochondrial role in cardioprotection
Authors: J Minners
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Background: Recent studies have postulated that mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium (mitoKATP) channel activation may modulate mitochondrial function with the resultant induction of a preconditioning phenotype in the heart. We hypothesized that the modulation of mitochondrial homeostasis might confer preconditioning-like cardioprotection. Methods: We used a model of regional ischemia in Langendorff-perfused isolated rat hearts. Short-term administration of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation and cyclosporin A (CSA), an inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration, was used in an attempt to elicit preconditioning-like cardioprotection. The anti-ischemic drug trimetazidine, known to attenuate CSA-induced disruption in mitochondrial function, and the mitoKATP channel blocker 5-hydroxydecanoic acid (5-HD) were used to inhibit the effects of DNP and CSA. Finally, we studied the effect of trimetazidine on adenosine-induced and ischemic preconditioning. Risk zone and infarct size were measured and expressed as a percentage of the risk zone (I/R ratio). Results: DNP, CSA and adenosine pretreatment reduced infarct size (I/R ratio: DNP 9.0±2.4%, CSA 12.5±1.4%, adenosine 11.9±3.6%, all P<0.001 vs. control, 30.2±1.3%) similarly to ischemic preconditioning (9.5±0.6%, P<0.001 vs. control). Trimetazidine limited the effect of ischemic preconditioning (22.2±2.0%, P<0.001 vs. ischemic preconditioning) and completely reversed the DNP, CSA, and the adenosine-mediated reduction in infarct size. 5-HD abolished the effect of ischemic preconditioning and CSA. Conclusion: DNP and CSA trigger preconditioning-like cardioprotection in the isolated rat heart. Trimetazidine, a known mitochondrial 'protector', attenuated both drug-induced and ischemic preconditioning. These data support the hypothesis that modulation of mitochondrial homeostasis may be a common downstream cellular event linking different triggers of preconditioning.
Thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in atherosclerotic thrombotic occlusion
Authors: Eric J. Topol, Allen A. Ciuffo, Thomas A. Pearson, John Dillman, Stuart Builder, Elliott Grossbard, Myron L. Weisfeldt, Bernadine H. Bulkley
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1985)
TEARS OF THE FASCIA CRURIS AT THE ATTACHMENT TO THE ACHILLES TENDON
Authors: N Webborn, D Morrissey, O Chan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Aim To describe the clinical presentation, ultrasound imaging characteristics, and the time to recovery of tears of the fascia cruris. The fascia cruris encloses the posterior structures of the calf and connects to the paratenon and Achilles tendon.1 2 Injuries to this structure have not previously been described. Methods Retrospective review of 13 fascia cruris tears in 9 patients (6 male and 3 female, mean age 35.52 year, range 11–48) with identified using diagnostic ultrasound, after presenting with Achillodynia. Results 9 athletic subjects were identified and presented at a mean of 4.5 weeks (range 0.5–12) after the symptom onset. Subjects were typically highly active comprising four sub-3 hr marathon runners, three high level triathletes and two tennis players. The left Achilles was more commonly injured than right (7:4) and lateral side more than medial (6:4) with one bilateral presentation. Clinically there was swelling and well localised tenderness over the tear site and from the mid to upper portion of the Achilles. 7 of the 11 (63.6%) had functional over-pronation. US appearances of the tear included a hypo-echoic area extending from the medial or lateral border of the Achilles anteriorly along the anatomical plane of the fascia cruris. Average return to activity was 5.2 weeks (range 1–22 weeks). Subjects presenting later had longer recovery (r=0.4) but all subjects returned to full activity. Conclusions This is the first description of the clinical details and sonographic findings of a tear to the fascia cruris at its attachment to the Achilles tendon and paratenon. It tends to occur at the confluence of the fascia cruris onto the paratenon and Achilles. This needs to be considered as a cause of Achillodynia in athletes and early diagnosis aids early return to activity.
Exposure to Cotton Dust and Respiratory Disease
Authors: Gerald J. Beck
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The COMMENTARY by Siegfried Heyden, MD, PhD, and Philip Pratt, MD (1980;244:1797), has raised the real issues of whether long-term exposure to cotton dust among textile workers leads to chronic obstructive airway disease even in the absence of smoking and whether the disease is reversible. However, the selected studies cited by the authors are misinterpreted, misleading, or provide no evidence on the central issues. Byssinosis is a major occupational lung disease in the United States, and the wrong conclusions should not be drawn from the commentary. Heyden and Pratt's reliance on the study by Merchant et al<sup>1</sup>to demonstrate that the chronic disease does not occur in nonsmokers and is reversible in smokers is a total misinterpretation of the results from that study as pointed out by Merchant<sup>2</sup>himself. In fact, the chronic stage of byssinosis does develop in nonsmokers, and it is not reversible
Safety of intravitreal anti-VEGFs during pregnancy is unclear
Authors: I. Georgalas, P. Petrou, C. Koutsandrea
Journal: BMJ (2012)

We agree that there are safety issues surrounding the use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents.1

Younger patients may also be treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF and the suppression of plasma VEGF concentrations …
Hepatic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in tumor bearing mice exacerbate hepatitis and transform into pro-inflammatory myeloid cells
Authors: Jose Medina-Echeverz, Tamar Kapanadze, Chi Ma, Austin Duffy, Jaba Gamrekelashvili, Veena Kapoor, Jonathan M Weiss, Robert H Wiltrout, Jay Berzofsky, Masaki Terabe, Michael P Manns, Francesco M Marincola, Ena Wang, Firouzeh Korangy, Tim F Greten
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) represent a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells that accumulate in blood, liver, spleen and tumors upon chronic inflammation and tumor development in patients and mice. Acute hepatitis is characterized by a fast infiltration
Abstract 866: Cetuximab treatment reduces VEGF expression and targeting of radiolabeled bevacizumab in breast cancer xenografts.
Authors: Sandra Heskamp, Otto C. Boerman, Janneke D.M. Molkenboer-Kuenen, Wim J.G. Oyen, Winette T.A. van der Graaf, Hanneke W.M. van Laarhoven
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction: Bevacizumab (anti-VEGF) and cetuximab (anti- EGFR) are approved for the treatment of cancer. However, in advanced colorectal cancer, the combination of bevacizumab and cetuximab did not improve survival (Tol et al. NEJM 2009). Up to now, the reason for the lack of activity of the combination therapy remains unclear. Previously, we have shown that bevacizumab reduces the vascular density of xenografts and consequently limits the delivery of cetuximab to tumors. Thereby, it can potentially limit the therapeutic efficacy of cetuximab. Alternatively, cetuximab treatment could alter VEGF expression, limiting tumor targeting by bevacizumab. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cetuximab treatment on VEGF expression and targeting of bevacizumab to the tumor. Material and methods: Mice with subcutaneously implanted SUM149 xenografts, which express EGFR and VEGF, were treated intraperitoneally with 1 mg/kg cetuximab (twice a week). Before start of treatment and after 7, 14, and 21 days, the uptake of radiolabeled bevacizumab in the tumor was measured by immunoSPECT/CT. Three days prior to scanning, mice received 15 MBq of 111In-bevacizumab. After scanning, tumors were dissected for ex vivo biodistribution and immunohistochemical analysis of VEGF and CD34 expression. Results: After cetuximab treatment, tumor targeting of bevacizumab was significantly reduced on immunoSPECT/CT compared to untreated tumors. Tumor uptake measured ex vivo was 28.9 ± 4.0 %ID/g for untreated tumors, compared to 18.2 ± 2.8 %ID/g for tumors treated 21 days with cetuximab (p = 0.009). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the vascular density was unaltered while VEGF expression decreased during cetuximab treatment. Conclusion: Cetuximab treatment reduced VEGF expression and targeting of radiolabeled bevacizumab to the tumor. This could at least partly explain why the combination of bevacizumab and cetuximab does not result in improved therapeutic efficacy. Citation Format: Sandra Heskamp, Otto C. Boerman, Janneke D.M. Molkenboer-Kuenen, Wim J.G. Oyen, Winette T.A. van der Graaf, Hanneke W.M. van Laarhoven. Cetuximab treatment reduces VEGF expression and targeting of radiolabeled bevacizumab in breast cancer xenografts. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 866. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-866
1121-50 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma gene polymorphisms and risk of restenosis after coronary artery stenting in patients with diabetes
Authors: Werner Koch, Vanessa Jung, Elena Michou, Olga Gorchakova, Klaus Tiroch, Nicolas von Beckerath, Albert Schömig, Adnan Kastrati
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Epidermal activity in the involved and uninvolved skin of patients with psoriasis
Authors: R. MARKS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

A simple biochemical technique has been used to study the rate of incorporation of precursor materials in the involved and uninvolved skin of psoriatic subjects. Psoriatic plaques were found to incorporate tritaited thymidine twice as rapidly as skin from control subjects. The uninvolved skin of psoriatics showed a 48% increase in thymidine incorporation. Histidine and proline incorporations were also increased in psoriatic plaques but not in the uninvolved skin of psoriatics.
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 upregulates the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway in human keratinocytes by increasing phospholipase C levels.
Authors: S Pillai, D D Bikle, M J Su, A Ratnam, J Abe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) induces the differentiation of normal human keratinocytes, in part by increasing their basal intracellular calcium levels (Cai) over a period of hours. Agonists such as ATP acting through membrane receptors cause an immediate but transient increase in Cai accompanied by an increase in inositol trisphosphate (IP3). Treatment of keratinocytes for 24 h with 1 nM 1,25(OH)2D3 resulted in a two- to four-fold potentiation of the Cai response of these cells to ATP. This potentiation was inhibitable with cycloheximide, unaccompanied by a change in total intracellular calcium pools, but associated with an increase in basal IP3 levels and ATP-stimulated IP3 production. Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 raised the protein and mRNA levels of phospholipase C isoenzymes, particularly phospholipase C-beta 1 in a dose-dependent manner. These studies indicate that 1,25(OH)2D3 modulates the keratinocyte signal transduction pathway by induction of phospholipase isoenzymes, a previously undescribed action for this hormone.