tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endothelial Dysfunction in Men With Small LDL Particles
Authors: Juha Vakkilainen, Sari Mäkimattila, Anneli Seppälä-Lindroos, Satu Vehkavaara, Sanni Lahdenperä, Per-Henrik Groop, Marja-Riitta Taskinen, Hannele Yki-Järvinen
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —It is unknown whether LDL particle size is, independent of other lipids and lipoproteins, associated with endothelial dysfunction in vivo. Methods and Results —We determined in vivo endothelial function in 34 healthy men by measuring forearm blood flow responses to intrabrachial artery infusions of acetylcholine (ACh, an endothelium-dependent vasodilator) and sodium nitroprusside (an endothelium-independent vasodilator). LDL peak particle size was measured with gradient gel electrophoresis. Men with small LDL particles (LDL diameter ≤25.5 nm, n=10) had a 39% lower blood flow response to ACh than men with large LDL particles (LDL diameter &gt;25.5 nm, n=24, blood flow 6.9±3.6 versus 11.4±5.1 mL/dL · min, P =0.006). The groups had comparable LDL cholesterol concentrations (3.9±0.6 versus 3.7±1.0 mmol/L, men with small versus large LDL particles), blood pressure, glucose concentrations, and body mass indexes. LDL size ( r =0.45, P =0.01) but not HDL cholesterol ( r =0.31, P =0.09) or triglycerides ( r =−0.19, P =0.30) was significantly correlated with endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Serum triglyceride concentrations and LDL size were inversely correlated ( r =−0.44, P =0.01). In multivariate regression analysis, LDL size was the only significant determinant of the ACh-induced increase in blood flow. Sodium nitroprusside–stimulated endothelium-independent vasodilation was similar in both groups. Conclusions —Small LDL particles are associated with impaired in vivo endothelial function independent of HDL and LDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. LDL size may therefore mediate adverse effects of hypertriglyceridemia on vascular function.
Serological Studies in Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: J. E. Banatvala, S. G. Grylls
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Serological investigations performed on 27 patients with illnesses resembling infectious mononucleosis showed a significant increase in high antibody titres (more than 1:40) to EB virus in 11 of the 12 who developed heterophile antibodies. Two of these patients, however, had a significant increase in antibody titre to cytomegalovirus and rubella virus, respectively. Of 15 patients who failed to develop heterophile antibodies, one had a high antibody titre to EB virus, the others generally having undetectable or low antibody titres. The insidious onset of the illness in many patients together with the fact that EB virus antibodies rose to high titres rapidly reduced the value of this investigation diagnostically.EB virus antibody was still present in the sera of five patients who had had well-authenticated heterophile-antibody-positive infectious mononucleosis some four to seven years previously. Twenty-seven out of 70 (39%) healthy nurses had antibody at a level of more than 1:10 to EB virus. The presence of EB virus antibody in different population groups appears to be related to such factors as age and socioeconomic status.
906-66 Quantitative Analysis of Left Ventricular Wall Motion Abnormality Using Real-time 2-Dimensional Echocardiographic Motion Imaging System
Authors: Katsufumi Mizushige, Tetsuya Tanaka, Hisashi Masugata, Tomohiko Nishiya, Kay Yoshikawa, Hisaki Morita, Hirohide Matsuo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Points: Physiological changes underlying jet lag
Authors: M. Selson
Journal: BMJ (1982)

p 4), I discussed this with the authors.In view of the fact that neither microscopic nor the earliest lymph node invasion is demonstrated by computed tomography, it appeared essential to define the track or volume within which malignant disease spread up the lym- phatics.This has been demonstrated in a series of 35-mm slides covering the lymphatic volume from the pelvis up through the abdomen and thorax to the root of the neck.This surprisingly small volume was agreed for surgical and radiotherapy planning for "cur- able" cancer with around 100 experienced consultants in surgery, radiology, and radio- therapy, on an extensive tour of Europe, Canada, and the United States.
An investigation into the relation between step height and ground reaction forces in step exercise: a pilot study.
Authors: M C Maybury, J Waterfield
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1997)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect that changing step height had on ground reaction force. Using a randomised crossover design, 12 volunteers with no previous experience of step aerobics were recruited to perform at three different step heights: 6, 8 and 10 inches. Subjects performed a basic step at a cadence of 120 beats/min and performed three one minute trials during which ground reaction force was measured. Measurement of peak impact force, time to achieve peak impact, and total time of foot contact was made, and impulse of the force was calculated. Statistically significant differences were found to exist for peak impact force between the 6 and 8 inch and 6 and 10 inch, but not between the 8 and 10 inch conditions. No significant differences were found in any other parameters. The study supports the present advice that participants should use low step heights, and possible mechanisms of injury are discussed.
Amplatzer Device Deployment for Saccular Aortic Arch Aneurysm
Authors: Stephen Westaby, Suvitesh Luthra, Suzie Anthony, Oliver Ormerod, Neil Wilson
Journal: Circulation (2012)

A mplatzer septal occluder devices (AGA Medical Corpo- ration, Plymouth, MN) have been used in the treatment of saccular and aortic false aneurysms. 1,2We have reservations about the long-term reliability of this approach.A 62-year-old man, who was a heavy smoker and had arteriopathy, was under regular surveillance for chronic obstructive airways disease and bullous emphysema.He had previously undergone abdominal aortic aneurysm resection (1997) with prolonged postoperative respiratory support.Subsequently, a huge circumflex coronary aneurysm (5.9ϫ5.0 cm, Figure 1A) caused lateral myocardial infarction ( 2005) and an enlarging saccular arch aneurysm (3.5 cm,
Abstract IA14: Cetuximab in NSCLC and predictive markers
Authors: Fred R. Hirsch
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The role of the EGFR humanized monoclonal antibody cetuximab (Erbitux®, Bristol-Myers Squibb) in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has until recently been controversial. While it is clear that the EGFR pathway plays an important role in NSCLC development and progression, the clinical data with cetuximab in NSCLC has not been consistent from the different studies including the two large phase III studies (BMS -099 and FLEX), despite the overall survival in the FLEX study was statistically significant in favor the combination of chemotherapy plus cetuximab (HR 0.87 [0.76–1.0]) (1, 2). The FLEX study comparing gemcitabine/cisplatin with and without cetuximab required EGFR positive tumor (IHC &amp;gt; 1% positive cells) as inclusion criteria, while the non-significant results from BMS -099 was based on “all comers”. However, most recently a more detailed analysis of the EGFR protein expression in the FLEX study, by using the H-score (intensity:0–3 x percentage of cells within each intensity category:0–100% for a final H-score of 0–300) was presented (3). Patients having tumors with EGFR H-score≥ 200 (about 30% of the patients) had a significant better survival from chemotherapy plus cetuximab compared to cetuximab alone (HR=0.73 [0.58–0.93]), and even better for the largest subgroup of patients; the Caucasians with H-score ≥ 200 (HR=0.64 [0.49–0.83]) with a 3.5 months difference in median survival (11.4 months vs. 7.9 months HR= 0.49 [0.29–0.81]). Patients with high EGFR expression and adenocarcinoma had a median survival of 20.2 months on the combined therapy versus 8.0 months for chemotherapy alone (3). A reproducibility study of the H-score classification showed a high concordance (91%) among 10 pathologists after specific assessment training (4). A previous reported randomized phase II study comparing chemotherapy with concomitant cetuximab versus sequential cetuximab from SWOG (0342) demonstrated a doubling of PFS and OS in the EGFR FISH positive patients compared to the FISH negative patients (5), while he EGFR FISH assay did not show a significant impact on outcomes in the large randomized BMS -099 study or the FLEX study. Thus, very encouraging biomarker results are achieved retrospectively for selection of patients to chemotherapy plus cetuximab therapy, and these biomarkers are currently being prospectively validated in the large prospective randomized phase III study SWOG 0819, which compare chemotherapy (+/− bevacizumab) with and without cetuximab.
Postcholecystectomy Bile Leak Serial Hepatobiliary Imaging and Percutaneous Drainage
Authors: MAHESH PATEL, ELIZABETH OATES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

In addition to diagnosing acute cholecystitis, hepatobiliary imaging offers a noninvasive, physiologic, highly sensitive, and apparently underutilized technique for the evaluation of biliary leaks. As this case report illustrates, radionuclide imaging can play an important role in the diagnosis and follow-up of postcholecystectomy biliary leaks, particularly those treated by percutaneous catheter drainage.
Calcium, Vascular Smooth Muscle, and Calcium Entry Blockers in Hypertension
Authors: JAY N. COHN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Increases in vascular tone induced by an increase in cytosol calcium concentration may be important in the development of hypertension, myocardial ischemia, and other cardiovascular disorders. A heterogeneous group of compounds known as calcium entry blockers inhibit smooth muscle contraction induced by physiologic and pharmacologic stimuli by blocking transmembrane transport of calcium through membrane channels. These drugs may reduce blood pressure through effects on the heart, the venous capacitance vessels, the arterial resistance vessels, and the renin-angiotensin system. Although their efficacy in antihypertensive therapy may eventually prove to be nonspecific, their ability to interfere with a basic cellular mechanism for vasoconstriction makes these drugs attractive as potential specific treatment for the abnormal vasomotion in patients with hypertension.
Persistent hematologic and immunologic disturbances in 8-year-old Dutch children associated with perinatal dioxin exposure.
Authors: Gavin W ten Tusscher, Peter A Steerenberg, Henk van Loveren, Joseph G Vos, Albert E G K von dem Borne, Matthijs Westra, Johannes W van der Slikke, Kees Olie, Hendrik J Pluim, Janna G Koppe
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Perinatal exposure to Dutch "background" dioxin levels in 1990 was high, but comparable with that of other industrialized Western European countries. Exposure during the sensitive perinatal period may cause permanent disturbances. Therefore, we assessed the health status and various hematologic and immunologic parameters among our longitudinal cohort. A medical history was taken and venipuncture performed in a longitudinal cohort of 27 healthy 8-year-old children who had documented perinatal dioxin exposure. Linear regression revealed a decrease in allergy in relation to prenatal (p = 0.02) and postnatal (p = 0.03) dioxin exposure. Increases in CD4+ T-helper cells (p = 0.006) and in CD45RA+ cells (p = 0.02) were seen in relation to postnatal exposure. A persistently decreased platelet count (p = 0.04) and increased thrombopoietin concentration (p = 0.03) were seen in relation to postnatal exposure. This follow-up has shown a decrease in allergy, persistently decreased thrombocytes, increased thrombopoietin, and increased CD4+ T-helper and increased CD45RA+ cell counts. This study provides indications of effects at the stem cell level of perinatal dioxin exposure, persisting until minimally 8 years after birth.
Mechanical unloading increases caveolin expression in the failing human heart
Authors: I Uray
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Implantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) in the failing human heart initiates structural and functional changes termed reverse remodeling. Mechanical unloading improves cardiac adrenergic responsiveness and lipid metabolism, processes regulated by caveolar function. We tested the hypothesis that mechanical unloading alters the expression of caveolins and these changes are linked to altered expression of markers of reverse remodeling.Paired human myocardial samples were obtained from patients who received an LVAD as a bridge to cardiac transplantation. Transcript levels were measured using real-time Q-RT-PCR in RNA prepared from 34 pairs of formalin-fixed myocardial tissue blocks. Caveolin-1 and -3 protein levels were determined from frozen tissue (n=5) by Western blots. Caveolin-3 localization was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry.Caveolin-1 protein levels were upregulated in all LVAD-patients after mechanical unloading (P=0.002). Caveolin-1 mRNA was increased in 76% of the patients (n=34, P<0.001). Larger induction of caveolin-1 was associated with greater suppression of ANF. Caveolin-3 transcript levels increased in 82% of the cohort, along with a 2.5-fold induction of caveolin-2. Sarcolemmal caveolin-3 staining was increased after LVAD-support, although no change in total caveolin-3 protein was detected. The mRNA levels of the caveolin-associated CD36 also increased with unloading. Patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy showed greater induction of CD36 (P<0.05) than non-ischemic cases, as well as highly correlated changes in the expression of caveolin isoforms.Mechanical unloading induces the expression of caveolins and CD36. The induction of caveolin-1 and the reciprocal suppression of ANF suggest that the changes in the expression of both genes are linked to decreased hemodynamic load. Enhanced caveolin expression during mechanical unloading of failing human hearts may be a part of the reverse remodeling of lipid metabolism, nitric oxide production and adrenergic signaling.
Empowering women to control post-partum haemorrhage
Authors: Malcolm Potts, Ndola Prata, Hazem El Refaey, Harsah Sanghvi, Phil Darney, Veronica Ades, Sadiqua N Jafarey, Emmanuel Rwamushaija, Nuriye Hodoglugil, Cassimo Bique, Rudofo Gomez, Jean Paul Rokotovao, Abdul Quaiyum, Joseph Karanja, Edgar Kuchingale
Journal: The Lancet (2010)
Monoclonal antibodies to amoxicillin express different idiotypes determined by anti‐idiotype antibodies production
Authors: C. Mayorga, M. J. Torres, A. Romano, F. Moreno, E. Sánchez‐Sabater, C. Juárez, M. Blanca
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Penicillins are beta-lactam antibiotics able to generate several antigenic determinants that are recognized by the immune system. To study the differences in the antigen binding site of two monoclonal antibodies (Mab) specific to amoxicillin, polyclonal rabbit anti-idiotypic antibodies were produced. One Mab, AO3.2 (IgG2a), specific to a structure formed by the acyl-side chain structure and a part of the nuclear region of amoxicillin. The second one, AO6.2 (IgE), is specific to the side chain of amoxicillin, although it also recognizes the side chain of other penicillins (penicillin G and ampicillin). These antibodies were used to immunize rabbits in order to produce polyclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies, which were purified in several steps by affinity chromatography. The specificity and cross-reactivity studies were made by ELISA and ELISA inhibition. The results suggest that the anti-Id antibodies produced are the internal image of the antigen, since the binding to their specific idiotype is blocked mainly by the original hapten (amoxicillin): in 98% of the cases with anti-id-1 (induced against AO3.2) and in 59% with anti-id-2 (induced against AO6.2). The absence of cross-reactivity of each anti-idiotypic antibody with the different Mabs specific to amoxicillin shows that the idiotypes induced by the same hapten have differences that are reflected by the nonrecognition of these anti-idiotypes. We conclude that such a small molecule as amoxicillin can present several antigenic determinants that induce a panel of antibody specificities especially directed against the side chain.
CLINICAL PREDICTORS OF EARLY MORTALITY AMONG PATIENTS WITH IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATORS: THE ENDURING VALUE OF THE CHARLSON CO-MORBIDITY INDEX
Authors: Sanjeev P. Bhavnani, Craig I. Coleman, Danette Guertin, Alfred Danielian, Ravi K. Yarlagadda, Christopher A. Clyne, Jeffery Kluger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
A110: The Impact of Shoe Wear on the 6 Minute Walk Test in Adolescents with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Jill R. Blitz, Sara Stern, Katherine AB Marzan
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Background/Purpose: Health care professionals recommend appropriate athletic shoe wear to patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, particularly during exercise and activities to prevent pain or foot injury. Adolescents, however, tend to choose their shoe wear based on fashion rather than practical factors. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the type of shoe wear utilized had any impact on walking endurance in adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Methods: 27 patients who participated in a walking program were included and assessed for exercise endurance using the 6‐Minute Walk Test (6MWT). 14 subjects were tested once and 13 subjects were tested 4 times with an interval of 6–8 weeks, for a total of 56 6MWTs. Patients were allowed to wear whatever type of shoes they wanted for each test. The type of shoe wear utilized by each patient was recorded for each 6 MWT. Type of shoe‐wear used by subjects varied, and was grouped into 3 categories for analysis purposes: athletic sneakers (n = 9); flat unsupportive sneakers, boots/ballet flats (n = 38); and flip‐flops/sandals (n = 10). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance. Results: 27 patients (23 F, 4M, aged 11–19 years) enrolled in the study. The majority of 56 6MWT were done in flat shoes (38/56, 68 %) with athletic shoes utilized the least (9/56, 16%). Patients wearing athletic shoes walked the longest distance (503.94 + 64.03 m) followed by flats (494.56 + 58.45m) and sandals (480.29 + 72.39 m). These differences in 6MWT distance were not statistically significant (p = 0.61) likely due to small sample size. Conclusion: Though no statistically significant impact of shoe wear on walking endurance was found, subjects walked longer distances in 6 minutes when wearing athletic shoes. The difference seen may be clinically meaningful to this patient population. Based on the results of this small pilot study, further research on a larger population appears warranted.
EFFECTS OF BARBITURATE ANESTHESIA (EVIPAL AND PENTOTHAL SODIUM) UPON THE INTEGRATION OF RESPIRATORY CONTROL MECHANISMS. A STUDY DIRECTED TOWARD IMPROVEMENT OF METHODS FOR THE PRECLINICAL EVALUATION OF ANESTHETIC AGENTS
Authors: Carl A. Moyer, Henry K. Beecher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1942)

In previous articles the effects of sodium evi- pal 2 or sodiumi pentothal 3 anesthesia uponl the respiratory control mechanisms were described.Both anesthetics depress the central chemical mechanism of breathing (carbon dioxide control) much more rapidly than they depress the peripheral reflex chemical mechanisms (carotid and aortic chemoreflexes) (1), and the vagopulmonary proprioceptive reflexes (Hering-Breuer) (2).These observations are in agreement with the earlier findings of Henderson (3), Marshall and Rosenfeld (4), and Comroe and Schmidt (5) for anesthetic states produced by other barbiturates.The experiments reported here were planned so that the relative r6les played by carbon dioxide and by oxygen, in the control and maintenance of breathing at differentt depths of evipal and pento- thal anesthesia, could be more fully evaluated.Accordingly, the respiratory responses to a coInstant increase in the carbon dioxide content, and to a constant decrease in the oxygen contenit of the inspired air were recorded at three levels of anesthesia.This provided a gross measure of the ability of an animal (dog) to react to fairlv constant chemical stimulation of the respiration.The stimulating agents chosen exhibit certain differences in their sites of action.In addition, the effects of increasing the oxygen tension of arterial blood above that present when the animals breathed room air were studied in order to determine roughly the degree of anoxic chemoreflex activity at different anesthesia levels when the animals were breathing air.'Fellow of the National Research Council.2 Sodium evipal is 1-methyl 51' cyclohexenyl 5 methyl barbiturate.3 Sodium pentothal is ethyl (1-methyl-butyl) thiobarbiturate.a
PRESERVATION OF PROTHROMBIN IN DRIED PLASMA
Authors: Max M. Strumia
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Loss of prothrombin in plasma dried from the frozen state and restored with sterile distilled water has been previously pointed out. 1 It has been suggested that prothrombin may be lost in the process of drying because of the loss of carbon dioxide, with resultant increased alkalinity of the plasma when it is restored with distilled water. Whereas the p H of fresh citrated plasma varies between 7.4 and 7.7, the alkalinity of plasma restored with distilled water from the dried state varies from a p H of 8.2 to 9.3. My associates and I found that the preservation of prothrombin is good up to a p H of 7.7 and very poor with a p H of 8.2 and higher. Thus the average content of prothrombin of plasma regenerated from the dried state with distilled water is from 15 to 20 per cent of normal.  If the regeneration is
Physician Inpatient Order Writing on Microcomputer Workstations
Authors: William M. Tierney, Michael E. Miller, J. Marc Overhage, Clement J. McDonald
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the effects on health care resource utilization of a network of microcomputer workstations for writing all inpatient orders. <h3>Design.</h3> —Randomized controlled clinical trial. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Inpatient internal medicine service of an urban public hospital. <h3>Subjects.</h3> —A total of 5219 internal medicine patients and the 68 teams of house officers, medical students, and faculty internists who cared for them. <h3>Intervention.</h3> —Microcomputer workstations, linked to a comprehensive electronic medical record system, for writing all inpatient orders. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Total inpatient charges for each admission and charges for specific categories of orders. A time-motion study of selected interns assessed the ordering system's time consumption. <h3>Results.</h3> —Intervention teams generated charges that were $887 (12.7%) lower per admission than did control teams (<i>P</i>=.02). Significant reductions (<i>P</i>&lt;.05) were demonstrated separately for bed charges, diagnostic test charges, and drug charges. Reductions of similar proportion and statistical significance were found for hospital costs. The mean length of stay was 0.89 day shorter for intervention resident teams (<i>P</i>=.11). Interns in the intervention group spent an average of 33 minutes longer (5.5 minutes per patient) during a 10-hour observation period writing orders than did interns in the control group (<i>P</i>&lt;.0001). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —A network of microcomputer workstations for writing all inpatient orders significantly lowered patient charges and hospital costs. This would amount to savings of more than $3 million in charges annually for this hospital's medicine service and potentially tens of billions of dollars nationwide. However, the system required more physician time than did the paper charts. Research at other sites and system advances to reduce time requirements are warranted. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:379-383)