tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Physical Oncology: A Bench-to-Bedside Quantitative and Predictive Approach
Authors: Hermann B. Frieboes, Mark A.J. Chaplain, Alastair M. Thompson, Elaine L. Bearer, John S. Lowengrub, Vittorio Cristini
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Cancer models relating basic science to clinical care in oncology may fail to address the nuances of tumor behavior and therapy, as in the case, discussed herein, of the complex multiscale dynamics leading to the often-observed enhanced invasiveness, paradoxically induced by the very antiangiogenic therapy designed to destroy the tumor. Studies would benefit from approaches that quantitatively link the multiple physical and temporal scales from molecule to tissue in order to offer outcome predictions for individual patients. Physical oncology is an approach that applies fundamental principles from the physical and biological sciences to explain certain cancer behaviors as observable characteristics arising from the underlying physical and biochemical events. For example, the transport of oxygen molecules through tissue affects phenotypic characteristics such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and adhesion, which in turn underlie the patient-scale tumor growth and invasiveness. Our review of physical oncology illustrates how tumor behavior and treatment response may be a quantifiable function of marginally stable molecular and/or cellular conditions modulated by inhomogeneity. By incorporating patient-specific genomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and cellular data into multiscale physical models, physical oncology could complement current clinical practice through enhanced understanding of cancer behavior, thus potentially improving patient survival.
Employees of the year
Authors: J. O. Drife
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Lesser journals run annual contests to find Britain's best doctor or nurse. Nowadays the Nurse of the Year is chosen NOT for her looks but for—er—her caring personality. The doctor is chosen, as ever, for his research. Some day the nurse may be chosen for her research and the doctor for his caring personality, but not yet.

Kitchen assistant of the year—We are not necessarily seeking the person with the loudest singing voice but the one with the most extensive repertoire from the great musicals of the 1950s, and the ability to drop large metal objects at …
The Battered Child
Authors: David L. Chadwick
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Kempe and Helfer have made another notable contribution in their third edition of<i>The Battered Child</i>. In fact, it is better described as a new book than a new edition. Eighteen of 26 chapters deal with topics not covered in the second edition; only five of the ten previous authors are back, and 24 new ones have been added. The book has almost doubled in size and contains most of the knowledge of the field accumulated during the last decade. Schmitt and Feldman have brought the recognition of nonaccidental injuries and burns up to date in excellent chapters. There is a wonderful revision of the psychiatric perspective by Steele. By contrast, the chapters on radiology and pathology are disappointingly similar to those written by the same authors in 1974. Inevitably, with so many authors and such a new field, differences of opinion crop up. Thus, in back-to-back chapters, a policewoman
TREATMENT IMPLICATIONS OF A NEW CLASSIFICATION OF PARENTS OF SCHIZOPHRENIC CHILDREN
Authors: IRVING KAUFMAN, THOMAS FRANK, LOBA HEIMS, JOAN HERRICK, DAVID REISER, LEE WILLER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1960)

This paper reports a study of 40 parents of outpatient and 40 parents of inpatient state hospital schizophrenic children. Despite a similar core pathology, the parents of schizophrenic children demonstrated major differences in their personality supper-structure. The differences in occupation range from competent college professor to the transient and unskilled worker. Some are highly successful. Some are hampered in their achievements, and suffer illnesses such as asthma, and some are hospitalized schizophrenics. We were able to describe and classify these 80 parents according to their manifest personality structure within 4 categories. These are pseudoneurotic, somatic, pseudodelinquent, and psychotic. Although treatment is directed toward the similar core pathology in all the parents, we discuss the major differences in treatment and management techniques required in each of these types.
Treatment with intravenous melphalan and dexamethasone is not able to overcome the poor prognosis of patients with newly diagnosed systemic light chain amyloidosis and severe cardiac involvement
Authors: Sascha Dietrich, Stefan O. Schönland, Axel Benner, Tilmann Bochtler, Arnt V. Kristen, Jörg Beimler, Ernst Hund, Markus Zorn, Hartmut Goldschmidt, Antony D. Ho, Ute Hegenbart
Journal: Blood (2010)
moral heuristics: rigid rules or flexible inputs in moral deliberation?
Authors: elizabeth anderson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

sunstein represents moral heuristics as rigid rules that lead us to jump to moral conclusions, and contrasts them with reflective moral deliberation, which he represents as independent of heuristics and capable of supplanting them. following john dewey's psychology of moral judgment, i argue that successful moral deliberation does not supplant moral heuristics but uses them flexibly as inputs to deliberation. many of the flaws in moral judgment that sunstein attributes to heuristics reflect instead the limitations of the deliberative context in which people are asked to render judgments.
Efficacy and safety of umeclidinium plus vilanterol versus tiotropium, vilanterol, or umeclidinium monotherapies over 24 weeks in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from two multicentre, blinded, randomised controlled trials
Authors: Marc Decramer, Antonio Anzueto, Edward Kerwin, Thomas Kaelin, Nathalie Richard, Glenn Crater, Maggie Tabberer, Stephanie Harris, Alison Church
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2014)
Measurements of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Flow and Gas Exchange Throughout the Respiratory Cycle in Man1
Authors: Arthur B. Dubois, Robert Marshall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1957)

Judging from e iia*tn resic';netr' technique as described previously in the heart and puMQ i (4); 1Figur' I ithistas bhe Spric of the-method.bys Wiggis 'An !9mi an4i-'x sti:di.i.~,~nby sThe subjec sits entirely inside b plethyographLbyson, B~loomfieW1 {l)dandstqldltl by ( z * ?s lge hy 'h;ih hah a tensitive pressure gauge.If
An Evaluation of the Effect of Ciclesonide Hydrofluoroalkane Nasal Aerosol on the Ocular Symptoms of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: B. Martin, P. Ratner, W. Howland, C. Andrews, H. Huang, S.Y. Desai, F. Bode
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Toll-like receptor 2 and palmitic acid cooperatively contribute to the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through inflammasome activation in mice
Authors: Kouichi Miura, Ling Yang, Nico van Rooijen, David A. Brenner, Hirohide Ohnishi, Ekihiro Seki
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Innate immune signaling associated with Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is a key pathway involved in the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Here we show that both TLR2 and palmitic acid are required for activation of the inflammasome, interleukin (IL)-1α, and IL-1β, resulting in the progression of NASH. Wild-type (WT) and TLR2(-/-) mice were fed a choline-deficient amino acid-defined (CDAA) diet for 22 weeks to induce NASH. Bone marrow-transplanted TLR2 chimeric mice were generated after the recipient mice were lethally irradiated. Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were isolated from WT mice and stimulated with TLR2 ligand and/or palmitic acid. WT mice on the CDAA diet developed profound steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. In contrast, TLR2(-/-) mice had suppressed progression of NASH. Although both Kupffer cells and HSCs respond to TLR2 ligand, TLR2 bone marrow chimeric mice demonstrated that Kupffer cells were relatively more important than HSCs in TLR2-mediated progression of NASH. In vitro, palmitic acid alone did not increase TLR2 signaling-target genes, including cytokines and inflammasome components in Kupffer cells and HSCs. The TLR2 ligand increased Nod-like receptor protein 3, an inflammasome component, in Kupffer cells but not in HSCs. In the presence of TLR2 ligand, palmitic acid did induce caspase-1 activation and release of IL-1α and IL-1β in Kupffer cells; however, these effects were not observed in HSCs. In vivo, WT mice on the CDAA diet showed increased caspase-1 activation in the liver and elevated serum levels of IL-1α and IL-1β levels, which were suppressed in TLR2(-/-) mice.TLR2 and palmitic acid cooperatively activate the inflammasome in Kupffer cells and/or macrophages in the development of NASH.
Oestrogenic Activity Associated with Non-feminizing Ovarian Tumours after the Menopause
Authors: B. G. Wren, J. Frampton
Journal: BMJ (1963)

The fact that a certain group of ovarian tumours produce considerable quantities of oestrogen has been known for some time. However, it is only recently that the suggestion that all ovarian tumours may produce increased levels of oestrogen has been put forward. In this article we have reviewed 80 consecutive cases of post-menopausal ovarian tumour admitted to the gynaeco logical department at Hammersmith Hospital. Exfoliative cytology and histopathology were employed in the assess ment of oestrogen function. The cases were collected from the years 1954 to 1962 inclusive and reviewed to exclude any exogenous source of oestrogen or other hormone which might have had some effect on the reproductive tract. Oestrogenic influence was assessed by two indirect methods, which were: (a) the cornification index in the vaginal smear, and (b) histological examination of the endometrium.
An Outbreak of Diphtheria
Authors: F. L. Groarke, M. I. Adamson, T. F. Elias-Jones, L. Whittaker
Journal: BMJ (1960)

In our series one child died from staphylococcal pneumonia and one was seriously ill with an empyema.When once an outbreak of breast abscess has occurred what measures can be taken to limit its spread ?The wards in which the virulent staphylococci are found could be closed temporarily, but with the present demand for maternity beds this policy is not always justified in view of the frequent persistence of infection after such measures have been adopted.If virulent organisms are grown from the babies' noses attempts could be made to treat this infection with local and systemic antibiotic therapy.However, this treat- ment would inevitably begin only after contact between a baby's nose and its mother's breast had occurred, unless antibiotics were given prophylactically.The problem of developing resistant strains would then arise.A third suggestion is that breast-feeding should be stopped, or at least greatly reduced, when virulent staphylococci are abroad in a maternity department.This would appear eminently reasonable, since in a large majority of cases infection of the breast seems to be directly related to suckling and since it has been shown that many mothers stop breast-feeding soon after they are discharged from maternity hospitals. SummaryAn epidemic of 37 cases of staphylococcal breast abscess in the puerperium is described.Details are given of many particulars concerning pregnancy, labour, and lactation in the mothers affected.The factors associated with an increase in the incidence of breast abscess are noted, and the relationship is established between organisms isolated from the babies' noses and those subsequently isolated from maternal breast abscesses.The chronic course of these infections and the danger of serious infection in the infant are stressed.Possible methods of preventing the spread of such an epidemic are discussed, together with the problem involved in preventing colonization of newborn babies with virulent strains of staphylococci.We are grateful to Mr. R. W. Knowlton and Mr. D. R.
Dialysis arthropathy: amyloid or iron?
Authors: R Ahmad, T Helliwell, F H Beddow, A Davenport
Journal: BMJ (1987)

In innate immune cells, TCA cycle components are not simply inert metabolites, but are key signaling molecules that can modulate inflammatory responses. Itaconate, an immunometabolite made by the enzyme aconitase decarboxylase (encoded by the gene <i>Irg1</i>), is highly upregulated in classically activated M1 macrophages and regulates immune responses by dampening inflammation. The role of itaconate in activation of alternative macrophage programs is of interest, as itaconate has recently been shown to be taken up by M2 macrophages. Here, we show that expression of <i>Irg1</i> is specific to M1 macrophages and opposes regulators of IL-4 mediated alternative activation. Overexpression of <i>Irg1</i> in murine M2 macrophages inhibited their program. Similarly, exogenous addition of a cell-permeable derivative of itaconate inhibited M2 gene expression and blocked activation of Stat6 and AKT in IL-4 activated macrophages. Itaconate-treated M2 macrophages also showed decreased oxidative phosphorylation, altogether suggesting that itaconate constrains IL-4-mediated alternative activation of macrophages. Mechanistically, this novel role of itaconate was not through previously reported pathways Nrf2 or Complex II (SDH), but rather via inhibition of the phosphorylation of Janus Kinase 1. We also show that an M2-specific microRNA, miR-378a, targets <i>Irg1</i> to prevent itaconate production in these cells. Thus, we demonstrate that itaconate antagonizes M2 macrophage activation, suggesting a mechanism by which M1 macrophages inhibit alternative macrophage polarization. This may be useful in considering the therapeutic potential of itaconate as an inhibitor of M2 macrophages in such conditions as allergic asthma and fibrosis.
THE PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS—EVOLUTION OF MEDICINE.Delivered at the Forty-third Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, at Detroit, Mich., June 7, 1892.
Authors: HENRY O. MARCY
Journal: JAMA (1892)

History repeats itself. Generations come and go and the problems of life are outlined from age to age in the same general way, since the underlying factors must ever remain unchanged. Each individual life modifies in a degree, both in character and quality, the sum total of human existence, and the kaleidoscopic pattern of the present offers new problems, and intensifies the interest in each succeeding year. The wise student profits by the history of the past and draws inspiration from its pages, as he confronts the present and with earnest endeavor shapes the future. In this spirit we convene to-day from every part of our great continent, and devote our entire session to the consideration of the fundamental questions of life. In the egotism of the present, we often underestimate the wisdom of those who have labored before us, and in our generation this has been especially true in
A case of phosphaturic mesenchymal tumour (mixed connective tissue variant) that developed in the subcutaneous tissue of a patient with oncogenic osteomalacia and produced fibroblast growth factor 23
Authors: M. Oka, T. Kamo, E. Sasaki, H. Kaji, H. Nishizawa, Y. Imanishi, C. Nishigori
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article A case of phosphaturic mesenchymal tumour (mixed connective tissue variant) that developed in the subcutaneous tissue of a patient with oncogenic osteomalacia and produced fibroblast growth factor 23 Get access M. Oka, M. Oka Divisions of Dermatology and Endocrinology/Metabolism, Neurology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Clinical Molecular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650‐0017, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Kamo, T. Kamo Divisions of Dermatology and Endocrinology/Metabolism, Neurology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Clinical Molecular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650‐0017, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Sasaki, E. Sasaki Divisions of Dermatology and Endocrinology/Metabolism, Neurology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Clinical Molecular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650‐0017, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Kaji, H. Kaji Divisions of Dermatology and Endocrinology/Metabolism, Neurology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Clinical Molecular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650‐0017, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Nishizawa, H. Nishizawa Divisions of Dermatology and Endocrinology/Metabolism, Neurology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Clinical Molecular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650‐0017, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Imanishi, Y. Imanishi Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545‐8585, Japan E‐mail: oka@med.kobe‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Nishigori C. Nishigori Divisions of Dermatology and Endocrinology/Metabolism, Neurology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Clinical Molecular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650‐0017, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 157, Issue 1, 1 July 2007, Pages 198–200, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07940.x Published: 01 July 2007
Role of gp91 <sup>phox</sup> (Nox2)-Containing NAD(P)H Oxidase in Angiogenesis in Response to Hindlimb Ischemia
Authors: Taiki Tojo, Masuko Ushio-Fukai, Minako Yamaoka-Tojo, Satoshi Ikeda, Nikolay Patrushev, R. Wayne Alexander
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Neovascularization is potentially important for the treatment of ischemic heart and limb disease. We reported that reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from gp91phox (Nox2)-containing NAD(P)H oxidase are involved in angiogenesis in mouse sponge models as well as in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling in cultured endothelial cells. The role of gp91phox-derived ROS in neovascularization in response to tissue ischemia is unknown, however.Here, we show that neovascularization in the ischemic hindlimb is significantly impaired in gp91phox-/- mice as compared with wild-type (WT) mice as evaluated by laser Doppler flow, capillary density, and microsphere measurements. In WT mice, inflammatory cell infiltration in the ischemic hindlimb was maximal at 3 days, whereas capillary formation was prominent at 7 days when inflammatory cells were no longer detectable. Increased O2*- production and gp91phox expression were present at both time points. The dihydroethidium staining of ischemic tissues indicates that O2*- is mainly produced from inflammatory cells at 3 days and from neovasculature at 7 days after operation. Relative to WT mice, ischemia-induced ROS production in gp91phox-/- mice at both 3 and 7 days was diminished, whereas VEGF expression was enhanced and the inflammatory response was unchanged. Infusion of the antioxidant ebselen into WT mice also significantly blocked the increase in blood flow recovery and capillary density after ischemia.gp91phox-derived ROS play an important role in mediating neovascularization in response to tissue ischemia. NAD(P)H oxidases and their products are potential therapeutic targets for regulating angiogenesis in vivo.
SARS: an amalgam of avian and mammalian viruses?
Authors: Xavier Bosch
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2004)

Researchers studying the evolution of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus claim that it may be an amalgam of two different viruses, one from birds and the other from mammals. They also suggest that the two viruses came together at a spot in a gene that determines the virulence of the virus and host preference.
EZH2 mutational status predicts poor survival in myelofibrosis
Authors: Paola Guglielmelli, Flavia Biamonte, Joannah Score, Claire Hidalgo-Curtis, Francisco Cervantes, Margherita Maffioli, Tiziana Fanelli, Thomas Ernst, Nils Winkelman, Amy V. Jones, Katerina Zoi, Andreas Reiter, Andrew Duncombe, Laura Villani, Alberto Bosi, Giovanni Barosi, Nicholas C. P. Cross, Alessandro M. Vannucchi
Journal: Blood (2011)
Autopsy Findings in the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Authors: Kevin Welch
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The medical records, premortem biopsy specimens, and autopsy materials from 36 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) were reviewed. The majority of the patients were homosexual men. Widely metastatic Kaposi's sarcoma was seen in eight patients, while tumor was confined to the skin in an additional ten. Four patients had high-grade lymphomas. Thirty-five of the 36 patients had at least one opportunistic infection at some point in the course of their illness. Many patients had multiple infectious agents. The most consistent and striking autopsy finding was a severe depletion of lymphoid tissues. Death in the majority (83%) of the patients was attributable to opportunistic infections affecting most commonly the respiratory tract (64%) and meninges (11%). Three patients (9%) died with widely metastatic Kaposi's sarcoma and secondary hemorrhage. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:1152-1159)
451 CLINICAL, HISTOLOGICAL AND HEMODINAMIC OUTCOMES IN HCV-INFECTED LIVER TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS TREATED WITH PEGILATED INTERFERON PLUS RIBAVIRIN
Authors: J.A. Carrión, G. Crespo, R. Miquel, J.C. García-Pagan, J. Bosch, M. Navasa, X. Forns
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
133 Patients with recurrent HCV infection and renal dysfunction after liver transplantation have slower fibrosis progression
Authors: E. Cholongitas, A. Quaglia, D. Samonakis, G.V. Papatheodoridis, M. Senzolo, C. Triantos, D. Patch, A.P. Dhillon, A.K. Burroughs
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Secondary pharmacology data to assess potential off-target activity of new drugs: a regulatory perspective
Authors: Thomas Papoian, Haw-Jyh Chiu, Ikram Elayan, Gowraganahalli Jagadeesh, Imran Khan, Adebayo A. Laniyonu, Cindy Xinguang Li, Muriel Saulnier, Natalie Simpson, Baichun Yang
Journal: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery (2015)
A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF SULFANILAMIDE ON ACID-BASE METABOLISM 12
Authors: William W. Beckman, Elsie C. Rossmeisl, R. Barbara Pettengill, Walter Bauer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1940)

That there is a reduction of the CO2 content of the serum of patients receiving sulfanilamide was pointed out by Southworth (1).This finding has been regularly encountered by other observers.Usually hyperpnea of varying degrees is present.The development of severe acidosis is, however, very rare.That the urine becomes strongly al- kaline at the same time was pointed out by Bas- man and Perley (2).Strauss and Southworth
Mutation in AP-3 δ in the mocha Mouse Links Endosomal Transport to Storage Deficiency in Platelets, Melanosomes, and Synaptic Vesicles
Authors: Prameela Kantheti, Xiaoxi Qiao, Maria E Diaz, Andrew A Peden, Gary E Meyer, Shannon L Carskadon, David Kapfhamer, Damaris Sufalko, Margaret S Robinson, Jeffrey L Noebels, Margit Burmeister
Journal: Neuron (1998)