tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Toward an Integration of Spirituality and Religiousness Into the Psychosocial Dimension of Schizophrenia
Authors: Sylvia Mohr, Pierre-Yves Brandt, Laurence Borras, Christiane Gilliéron, Philippe Huguelet
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: Spirituality and religiousness have been shown to be highly prevalent among patients with schizophrenia. However, clinicians are rarely aware of the importance of religion and understand little of the value or difficulties it presents to treatment. This study aimed to assess the role of religion as a mediating variable in the process of coping with psychotic illness. Method: Semistructured interviews about religious coping were conducted with a sample of 115 outpatients with psychotic illness. Results: For some patients, religion instilled hope, purpose, and meaning in their lives (71%), whereas for others, it induced spiritual despair (14%). Patients also reported that religion lessened (54%) or increased (10%) psychotic and general symptoms. Religion was also reported to increase social integration (28%) or social isolation (3%). It may reduce (33%) or increase (10%) the risk of suicide attempts, reduce (14%) or increase (3%) substance use, and foster adherence to (16%) or be in opposition to (15%) psychiatric treatment. Conclusions: Our results highlight the clinical significance of religion in the care of patients with schizophrenia. Religion is neither a strictly personal matter nor a strictly cultural one. Spirituality should be integrated into the psychosocial dimension of care. Our results suggest that the complexity of the relationship between religion and illness requires a highly sensitive approach to each unique story.
Positional cloning of a gene involved in the pathogenesis of Treacher Collins syndrome
Authors: None The Treacher Collins Syndrome Colla, Jill Dixon, Sara J. Edwards, Amanda J. Gladwin, Michael J. Dixon, Stacie K. Loftus, Cynthia A. Bonner, Kathryn Koprivnikar, John J. Wasmuth
Journal: Nature Genetics (1996)
Platelet protein disulfide isomerase is required for thrombus formation but not for hemostasis in mice
Authors: Kyungho Kim, Eunsil Hahm, Jing Li, Lisa-Marie Holbrook, Parvathy Sasikumar, Ronald G. Stanley, Masuko Ushio-Fukai, Jonathan M. Gibbins, Jaehyung Cho
Journal: Blood (2013)
California initiative would require random drug testing of doctors
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

If an initiative on California’s election ballot passes this November, physicians in the state will be subject to random drug testing and required to report fellow doctors who they suspect are impaired by drugs or alcohol or are medically negligent.

Under the provision, doctors who test positive for drug use would be suspended from practice pending the outcome of an investigation, and those found to be impaired while on duty would be disciplined.

The requirements form part of proposition 46, the Medical Malpractice Lawsuits Cap and Drug Testing of Doctors Initiative, …
Topical glucocorticoids and suppression of contact sensitivity. A mouse bioassay of anti-inflammatory effects
Authors: O. BÄCK, T. EGELRUD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

A mouse model for assessment of the anti‐inflammatory effect of topical glucocorticoids is described. Mice, sensitized to picryl chloride, had both ears painted with the sensitizer followed 2 hours later by the application of the topical steroid to one ear and the corresponding vehicle to the other. The contact sensitivity reaction, measured by swelling of the ear, was recorded 24 hours later. Dilutions of the steroid formulations inhibited the ear swelling in a manner related to dose‐response. Suppression of the contact sensitivity reaction of the vehicle‐treated ear as well was regarded as a systemic effect of the glucocorticoid. There seems to be a good correlation between the efficacy of the topical steroids assessed in this mouse model and the vasoconstrictor test on intact human skin.
Attenuated Hypercholesterolemic Response to a High-Cholesterol Diet in Subjects Heterozygous for the Apolipoprotein A-IV-2 Allele
Authors: Ricky J. McCombs, Daniel E. Marcadis, Julie Ellis, Richard B. Weinberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Previous studies have suggested that the variant apolipoprotein (apo) allele apo A-IV-2 may influence the response of the plasma cholesterol concentration to dietary cholesterol.We measured plasma lipids and lipoproteins in 11 subjects who were heterozygous for the apo A-IV-2 allele (apo A-IV-1/2 heterozygotes) and a control group of 12 subjects who were homozygous for the common apo A-IV allele (apo A-IV-1/1 homozygotes) in an outpatient dietary-modification study. (Approximately one in seven persons in the United States is a heterozygote.) The subjects consumed a low-cholesterol diet (about 200 mg [0.5 mmol] of cholesterol per day) during a two-week run-in period; daily cholesterol intake was then increased to approximately 1100 mg (2.8 mmol) by the addition of four egg yolks per day.The fat intake and the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat were similar in the two groups throughout the study. After three weeks of egg intake, the mean plasma total cholesterol increased by 22 mg per deciliter (0.57 mmol per liter) in the apo A-IV-1/1 group, but by only 6 mg per deciliter (0.15 mmol per liter) in the apo A-IV-1/2 group (P = 0.05). The mean plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased by 19 mg per deciliter (0.49 mmol per liter) in the apo A-IV-1/1 group, but by only 1 mg per deciliter (0.03 mmol per liter) in the apo A-IV-1/2 group (P = 0.03). There were no changes in the plasma triglyceride or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in either group.The apo A-IV-2 allele attenuates the hypercholesterolemic response to the short-term ingestion of a very-high-cholesterol diet and may partially account for the heterogeneous response to dietary cholesterol. However, cholesterol intake in this study was more than twice that of the general population; whether the apo A-IV-2 allele alters responsiveness at lower levels of cholesterol intake remains to be determined.
School and Work Release Evaluations-Reply
Authors: Warren Lee Holleman
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We thank Dr Wishart for raising the important question of whether our conclusion—that primary care physicians should play a lesser role in the evaluation of short-term absences—could be extended to long-term absences by subspecialists. Although our article focuses on the primary care setting, we agree with Dr Wishart's assertion that work release and disability evaluations create problems for subspecialists too. Recently, a hand surgeon wrote to us complaining that "probably 70 percent of my practice is Workman's Comp and the other 30 percent is probably third-party liability claims." We agree that psychological factors and notions of illness and healing can figure significantly in a person's understanding of her or his ability to work. Our article could have given more attention to this aspect of the absenteeism problem. Even so, structural factors such as absenteeism policies, job satisfaction, and employer-employee relations often influence a person's understanding of the disability
Mammalian gene targeting with designed zinc finger nucleases
Authors: Matthew H. Porteus
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Gene targeting by homologous recombination is a powerful method to manipulate the genome precisely and could be exploited to correct genetic defects. Zinc finger nucleases are designed proteins that fuse a zinc finger DNA binding domain to the nuclease domain from the FokI restriction endonuclease. Zinc finger nucleases were generated that stimulated gene targeting from half-site sequences from the human beta-globin gene and the human common gamma-chain gene. Zinc finger nucleases were also generated that stimulated gene targeting at full sites from the green fluorescent protein gene and the human CD8alpha gene. This work built on the prior zinc finger design work of others and in targeting these four genes had a 100% success rate at designing nucleases to the consensus half-site 5'-GNNGNNGNN-3' and the consensus full site 5'-NNCNNCNNCNNNNNNGNNGNNGNN-3', suggesting that zinc finger nucleases can be empirically designed to stimulate gene targeting in a large portion of the mammalian genome.
Abstract LB-285: Pro-tumor N2 neutrophils contribute to the pre-metastatic niche.
Authors: Jered Cope Meyers, H. Keith Pittman, Hunter Story, Dare M. Imes, George A. Howard, Kathryn M. Verbanac
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related mortalities and the tissue microenvironment that supports tumor cell attachment and growth at metastatic sites has become an active area of investigation. Here we present evidence that pro-tumor N2 neutrophils are one of the bone marrow-derived cell types that establish this pre-metastatic niche. In the murine Lewis Lung adenocarcinoma (LLC) in vivo metastasis model, tumor cells metastasize to the lungs with increasing primary tumor growth over time. In these studies, immunocompetent mice injected subcutaneously with syngeneic LLC cells are sacrificed sequentially 10-32 days later, before and after established lung metastases. Neutrophil chemoattractants KC/CXCL1 and MIP-2/CXCL2 are significantly elevated in pre-metastatic tissue compared to normal lungs of healthy contemporary controls. MCP-1/CCL2, a marker of pro-tumor N2 neutrophils, increases steadily over time in pre-metastatic lung tissue of study mice and is significantly elevated in pre-metastatic tissue and in metastases compared to normal lung tissue. Isolated lung-infiltrating neutrophils also express N2 markers. In contrast, TNF-alpha, a marker for anti-tumor N1 cells, remains low or undetectable in lung tissue throughout metastatic tumor development. Neither active nor total TGF-beta, the putative control switch for a pro-tumor phenotype, is elevated in pre-metastatic tissue. Notably, levels of all cytokines are low or undetectable in normal lungs from naïve mice and in other organs of tumor-bearing mice (non-metastatic sites). Ly6G+ neutrophils were detected at a higher density in the lungs of pre-metastatic and metastatic mice compared to normal lungs, although the density of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-stained cells was similar in all groups. These data are consistent with recent reports that MPO activity is low or absent from tumor-associated neutrophils, although high in MDSC and naïve neutrophils. Neutrophil distribution in metastatic lung tissue is most concentrated around the tumor foci and tumor vasculature. Finally, studies of lung tissue from mice bearing LLC variants with different metastatic capacities are also consistent with our premise that neutrophils help establish the pre-metastatic niche. Understanding the factors that regulate the development and growth of malignant cells at metastatic sites is critical for improved clinical strategies in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of metastases. Citation Format: Jered Cope Meyers, H. Keith Pittman, Hunter Story, Dare M. Imes, George A. Howard, Kathryn M. Verbanac. Pro-tumor N2 neutrophils contribute to the pre-metastatic niche. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-285. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-285
Plasma lipoproteins and apoproteins in primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Shunichi Koga, Yasuji Miyata, Hiroshi Ibayashi
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

To elucidate abnormalities in lipid metabolism in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), plasma lipoproteins and apoproteins were analyzed in 10 such patients. Lipoprotein X was present in sera from five of the patients. Another abnormal lipoprotein of slow α-mobility on agarose gel electrophoresis was observed in sera of eight of the patients. The slow α-lipoprotein was distributed in the range of densities between low density and high density lipoproteins and was rich in apoprotein E. This abnormal lipoprotein of PBC was observed in those in Stages II and III but not in those in Stage I. The amounts of slow α-lipoprotein correlated to the levels of serum apoprotein E and to total cholesterol. Determination of apoprotein concentrations in serum of PBC patients revealed increases of apoproteins E and C-II and a decrease of apoprotein A-II. In conclusion, lipoprotein abnormalities in PBC patients were characterized by increased levels of apoprotein E and appearance of an abnormal lipoprotein of slow α-mobility in addition to well-known lipoprotein X.
Atropin and Strychnin Combined, a Specific for Seasickness.
Authors: A. C. Girard
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Chicago, Aug. 1, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Referring to the letter of Dr. Crane inThe Journal, July 21, on my article with the above title, I desire to acknowledge his courtesy in pointing out an unintentional omission on my part. In a prior paper on the subject, which appeared inThe Journal, March 3, 1904, I gave full credit to Dr. Skinner and would have done so in the article referred to by Dr. Crane had I remembered the name and the publication. As mentioned in the concluding paragraph of my article, the present report was called forth by an Associated Press dispatch stating that the "Anti-Seasickness League" would hold a meeting at Lisbon in April that its members might "personally test the medicines which had been advanced as preventives of seasickness." I prepared the paper rather hastily while absent from San Francisco and without having access to my
Pioglitazone Prevents Acute and Chronic Cardiac Allograft Rejection
Authors: Hisanori Kosuge, Go Haraguchi, Noritaka Koga, Yasuhiro Maejima, Jun-ichi Suzuki, Mitsuaki Isobe
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ plays an important role in regulating inflammation. Although cardiac transplantation is an established therapy for patients with end-stage heart disease, allograft rejection is a major concern for long-term survival. We investigated the role of pioglitazone in acute and chronic rejection in a murine cardiac transplantation model. Methods and Results— We performed heterotopic murine cardiac transplantation in total allomismatch or major histocompatibility complex class II–mismatched combinations. Recipient mice were given standard chow or chow containing pioglitazone (3 mg · kg −1 · d −1 ) beginning 1 day before cardiac transplantation. In acute rejection, animals given pioglitazone showed significantly longer cardiac allograft survival than control mice (mean survival time, 34.6±7.8 versus 8.4±0.4 days; P &lt;0.003). Treatment with pioglitazone significantly suppressed graft expression of interferon-γ and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. In chronic rejection, neointimal hyperplasia was significantly lower in allografts from mice treated with pioglitazone (luminal occlusion, 25.1±8.8%) than in those from control mice (65.8±7.3%, P &lt;0.001). Pioglitazone-treated allografts showed significantly reduced expression of interferon-γ, interleukin-10, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. We performed mixed lymphocyte reactions and in vitro proliferation assays of smooth muscle cells. Addition of pioglitazone to mixed lymphocyte reactions inhibited proliferation of T cells. Smooth muscle cells showed significant proliferation when cocultured with activated splenocytes. This proliferation was significantly inhibited by the addition of pioglitazone (1 μmol/L). Conclusions— Pioglitazone prolongs allograft survival and attenuates neointimal hyperplasia through the suppression of proliferation of smooth muscle cells. Pioglitazone may be a novel means to prevent acute and chronic allograft rejection.
Some operating theatres are used only eight hours a week
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Hospitals in England and Wales could cut waiting times for operations and outpatient appointments and have more free beds without any extra resources if they were better managed, says a report from the public spending watchdog, the Audit Commission.



The commission, which this week published four reviews as part of its acute hospital portfolio, found a common theme in the services it examined-huge variations among hospitals in the services they deliver, which could not be easily explained. “The conclusion cannot be avoided that some trusts could improve the services they deliver significantly within …
The Modern Treatment of Coronary Thrombosis with Myocardial Infarction
Authors: IRVING S. WRIGHT
Journal: Circulation (1950)

Coronary thrombosis with myocardial infarction is an extremely serious disease to the individual and to the nation. It kills at least 200,000 persons a year and cripples unknown numbers. The modern treatment is herein outlined. Established therapy is reviewed and evaluated. The use and technics for the control of anticoagulant therapy are discussed.
Abstract 1988: MenaINV interaction with α5β1 promotes tumor cell invasion in response to gradients of growth factors and fibronectin
Authors: Madeleine J. Oudin, Liliane C. Broye, Alisha Lussiez, Sreeja B. Asokan, Miles A. Miller, Douglas A. Lauffenburger, James E. Bear, Frank B. Gertler
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract To metastasize and disseminate, carcinoma cells must invade the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) and migrate to reach blood or lymphatic vessels. Collagen (CN) and fibronectin (FN), two components of the ECM surrounding tumors, are highly expressed in metastatic tumors and their patterns of expression can correlate with metastatic outcome in patient samples. Mena, an actin regulatory protein, is upregulated in breast cancer and is alternatively spliced to produce protein isoforms with distinct functions during tumor progression. The invasion-specific MenaINV isoform increases metastasis by potentiating tumor cell motility and invasion responses to various growth factors. All Mena isoforms bind directly to the α5 subunit of the α5β1 integrin, an FN receptor. We hypothesized that the interaction between MenaINV and α5β1 plays an important role in integrating signals from the ECM as well as growth factors to drive invasion. MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells expressing MenaINV showed increased adhesion to FN alone as well as mixture of FN and CN, compared to control cells. MenaINV cells also had an increased number of α5-positive adhesions as well as increased signalling at focal adhesions as measured by phospho-Paxilin, compared to control. In 3D invasion assays, addition of FN to a CN gel drove invasion of MenaINV-expressing cells even in the absence of any growth factor ligand, an effect driven by its interaction with α5 and dependent on signalling via EGFR and Met. Furthermore, addition of FN caused an even greater potentiation of EGF-induced invasion by MenaINV, an effect that was dependent upon its interaction with α5. Next, we examined how MenaINV affects tumor cell responses to a gradient of FN within a 3D collagen gel. Control cells failed to respond to an FN gradient, while cells expressing MenaINV migrated preferentially towards FN and significantly reorganized both the collagen and FN surrounding them. Deletion of the α5 binding site or treatment with an α5 function blocking antibody ablated the effects MenaINV on movement towards a FN gradient as well ECM reorganization. Overall, these results suggest that some aspects of the pro-metastatic effects of MenaINV involve its ability to bind α5 and regulate bidirectional signaling with FN and growth factors in the tumor microenvironment. Citation Format: Madeleine J. Oudin, Liliane C. Broye, Alisha Lussiez, Sreeja B. Asokan, Miles A. Miller, Douglas A. Lauffenburger, James E. Bear, Frank B. Gertler. MenaINV interaction with α5β1 promotes tumor cell invasion in response to gradients of growth factors and fibronectin. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1988. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1988
US drug manufacturers will have to disclose payments to doctors
Authors: R. Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (2010)

New rules forcing drug and device manufacturers to disclose all payments to doctors look set to become law in the United States, after the historic healthcare reform bill was passed by the House of Representatives this weekend ( BMJ 2010;340:c1635, 22 Mar, doi:10.1136/bmj.c1635).

The “Sunshine Act” was first proposed as standalone legislation three years ago, but its provisions were incorporated into the wider reform bill now close to being signed into law. Under the new law all manufacturers of drugs, devices, and biologicals will have to provide details to the government of …
Borrelia burgdorferi in the Central Nervous System-Reply
Authors: Benjamin J. Luft
Journal: JAMA (1992)

ABSTRACT In Reply. —We apologize for not realizing the convention that in Hispanic culture the middle name is included as part of the surname, and thank Dr Benach for the correct citation of their retrospective study. In regard to Dr Cameron, we raise the possibility that persistent CNS infection may act as a sanctuary for B burgdorferi. We also clearly point out in the article that DNA from both viable and nonviable organisms are measured by PCR. Clearly, the issue of the significance of the CNS as a sanctuary will require carefully conducted prospective studies. Finally, although not included in the article, in all instances tested, the CSF red blood cell count was less than 5×106/L. This fact, together with the low level of bacteremia known to occur with Lyme borreliosis, make contamination highly unlikely.