tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genome of the human hookworm Necator americanus
Authors: Yat T Tang, Xin Gao, Bruce A Rosa, Sahar Abubucker, Kymberlie Hallsworth-Pepin, John Martin, Rahul Tyagi, Esley Heizer, Xu Zhang, Veena Bhonagiri-Palsikar, Patrick Minx, Wesley C Warren, Qi Wang, Bin Zhan, Peter J Hotez, Paul W Sternberg, Annette Dougall, Soraya Torres Gaze, Jason Mulvenna, Javier Sotillo, Shoba Ranganathan, Elida M Rabelo, Richard K Wilson, Philip L Felgner, Jeffrey Bethony, John M Hawdon, Robin B Gasser, Alex Loukas, Makedonka Mitreva
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)

The hookworm Necator americanus is the predominant soil-transmitted human parasite. Adult worms feed on blood in the small intestine, causing iron-deficiency anemia, malnutrition, growth and development stunting in children, and severe morbidity and mortality during pregnancy in women. We report sequencing and assembly of the N. americanus genome (244 Mb, 19,151 genes). Characterization of this first hookworm genome sequence identified genes orchestrating the hookworm's invasion of the human host, genes involved in blood feeding and development, and genes encoding proteins that represent new potential drug targets against hookworms. N. americanus has undergone a considerable and unique expansion of immunomodulator proteins, some of which we highlight as potential treatments against inflammatory diseases. We also used a protein microarray to demonstrate a postgenomic application of the hookworm genome sequence. This genome provides an invaluable resource to boost ongoing efforts toward fundamental and applied postgenomic research, including the development of new methods to control hookworm and human immunological diseases.
Tc-99m HMPAO-SPECT With CT Attenuation Correction Improves Detection of Epileptogenic Areas
Authors: Karim Farid, Igor Sibon, Philippe Fernandez, Veronique Michel, Olivier Barret, Michele Allard
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

A 35-year-old right-handed man was admitted to our neurologic ward for a presurgical evaluation of pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy. An EEG demonstrated paroxysms in the left temporal cortex. Morphologic brain MRI was normal. Interictal Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT-CT was acquired with a gamma-camera coupled with CT. We compared the influence of nonuniform and uniform attenuation (AC) correction on the SPECT imaging sensitivity. We found that SPECT images obtained after imaging nonuniform AC was as effective as F-18 FDG-PET in correctly identifying an epileptogenic zone. Taken into account the expensive cost of F-18 FDG-PET imaging, Tc-99m HMPAO-SPECT with CT-AC should be evaluated in a larger series.
Drug-Induced Restoration of Cutaneous Delayed Hypersensitivity in Anergic Patients with Cancer
Authors: Daniel Tripodi, Leon C. Parks, Jo Brugmans
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

NEOPLASTIC disease in man is often accompanied by defective cellular immunity as manifested by tests for cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity1 or by more sophisticated methods related to the ability of lymphocytes to react with target or tumor cells.2 Although it is unclear whether diminished immunocompetence precedes or is a result of advancing cancer, the high prevalence of neoplasia in congenital immune deficiency states, and in immunosuppressed transplant recipients,3 suggests that attenuated immunity contributes to the progression of malignant tumors. Patients with such tumors who remain responsive to delayed hypersensitivity testing have a more favorable prognosis than those who lack cellular immunity. . . .
UK report calls for new services to improve out of hours acute care
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2007)

People who are acutely ill out of hours should have easy access to a wider range of innovative medical services in the community to improve their care and reduce unnecessary hospital visits, a report by the Royal College of Physicians recommends.The report, Acute Medical Care: The Right Person, in the Right Setting, First Time, argues that current out of hours care is generally inadequate and inflexible, so patients with acute illness go to hospitals because there is no alternative.It recommends that provision of acute, unscheduled medical care in the community should expand with a range of different levels of emergency care, offering extended opening times and direct access to competent staff.New options might include urgent care centres in the community; rapid access medical outpatient clinics; and specialist outreach services from hospitals for acute deterioration of long term illness.These services must be evidence based, and the professionals delivering them must have the same competencies in acute medical care as hospital providers, it says.Competent decision making requires diagnostic support, says the report, which calls for improved availability of these services.The task force that developed the recommendations, based on a review of available evidence, wants to replace "see and greet"-in which services provide an initial assessment before referring on-with "see and treat"-providing accurate assessment and delivery of treatment at the first contact.Bryan Williams, professor of medicine at the University of Leicester, and chairman of the task force, said, "Getting it right for acute medical care needs changes in the way care is organised to get the most and the best out of staff and local resources and to provide fast and efficient care for patients.It needs changes in the way we work as professionals across the board, to provide wider and more flexible access to clinical decision makers."Big acute hospitals that serve local regions should provide the most intensive level of emergency and complex acute medical care in each area.They should have emergency departments located close to acute medical and critical care units, ideally as part of an emergency floor.To ensure that people are aware of the range of services, the report recommends developing local navigation hubs, each with a single, well publicised access telephone number distinct from 999, the emergency services number.
Clinical Relapse in a Patient With Multiple Myeloma Presenting As an Atrial Plasmacytoma
Authors: Aneel Paulus, Abhisek Swaika, Kena C. Miller, Edward J. Spangenthal, Rongjun Guo, Kurt VonFricken, Kelvin Lee, Asher A. Chanan-Khan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)
The effect of retaining antral innervation on the reductions of gastric acid and pepsin secretion after vagotomy
Authors: R. J. Clarke, R. N. Allan, J. Alexander-Williams
Journal: Gut (1972)

The result of a prospective trial of 40 patients with duodenal ulcer treated either by proximal gastric vagotomy (antrum innervated) or by selective vagotomy (antrum denervated) shows that they are equally effective in reducing gastric acid and pepsin secretion. Preservation of antral innervation by proximal gastric vagotomy reduces gastric secretion as effectively as denervation of the entire stomach.
High School Drug Education, An Interim Measure
Authors: Michael A. LaCombe
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Painfully aware of the magnitude of the drug abuse problem, 25 interns and residents from Strong Memorial Hospital, eager to do something about it, are combining academic medicine with involvement in community affairs. In doing so, these physicians have found an alarming number of cases similar to the following—a student in a suburban high school, deeply involved in drugs, and the source as well as the recipient of drug misinformation. The following example is a case in point. Tom is a 17-year-old suburban boy in Rochester, NY, who has been taking "acid" (lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD] cut with amphetamines, mescaline, strychnine, etc) since age 12 years. From ages 12 to 16 years, he "tripped out" every three to six weeks as well as intermittently using other drugs (marihuana, hashish, amphetamines, heroin) when acid wasn't available. Throughout this period his main drug use was with the hallucinogen group
External Cardiac Massage for Cardiac Arrest Due to Myocardial Infarction: A Changing Concept.
Authors: William F. Minogue
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 February 1964External Cardiac Massage for Cardiac Arrest Due to Myocardial Infarction: A Changing Concept.William F. Minogue, M.D., William J. Grace, M.D., F.A.C.P., Andre Smessart, M.D.William F. Minogue, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, William J. Grace, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Andre Smessart, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-2-320_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA vigorous approach to cardiac resuscitation has been made possible by the simplicity and effectiveness of external cardiac massage.A highly trained, immediately available team of anesthesiologists, internists, and surgeons rapidly provides an open airway, maintenance of cardiac output by external cardiac massage, use of appropriate drugs for arrhythmia, and defibrilate the ventricles where necessary.This emergency team has attempted resuscitation in 51 patients with acute myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest.Sixteen patients (31%) were successfully resuscitated but seven expired within the first 48 hours. Nine patients (18%) who recovered, had uneventful hospital courses and were well 1 month to... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1964Volume 60, Issue 2_Part_1Page: 320-320KeywordsAcute myocardial infarctionArrhythmiaCardiac outputCardiac ventriclesDrugsHeartMyocardial infarctionResuscitationSurgeons Issue Published: 1 February 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Tuberculosis and slim disease in Africa
Authors: P Godrey-Faussett, A Mwinga, M Hosp, R Baggaley, J Porter, R Msiska
Journal: BMJ (1994)

cribe exercise offer a potential strategy to help patients change their lifestyle.The general prac- titioner identifies a sedentary patient with a disease that would benefit from exercise and writes a prescription for the patient to attend the scheme.This ensures that over 90% of those receiving the prescription present to the leisure centre to start the programme.An exercise specialist makes an initial assessment of the patient, which includes a submaximal test of exercise fitness, and tailors the prescribed exercise to the patient's fitness and disease.The aim is to educate the patients about how to exercise and to understand their body's response (for example, by rating perceived exertion') such that at the end of a three month programme they can more safely exercise in the manner of their choosing.They are empowered to control their health.It is important that any such scheme is evaluated, and a database for collecting data is now established in East Sussex to examine the changes in health and any changes in prescribing that may result.East Sussex Family Health Services Authority and Health Authority have recognised the need for such evaluation, and all schemes now developing in East Sussex under the name of the Health and Leisure Organisation will have the same method of collecting data and staff training scheme (under the guidance of the University of Brighton) and will provide educational pro- grammes for referring doctors.I agree with Iliffe and colleagues that primary health care teams need to examine what their local scheme offers, but in response to their conclusion that "there may be many far more effective ways for [the teams] to use their resources to increase the fitness of their practice populations" I say, "tell me what and show me how."
BME Estimation of Residential Exposure to Ambient PM <sub>10</sub> and Ozone at Multiple Time Scales
Authors: Hwa-Lung Yu, Jiu-Chiuan Chen, George Christakos, Michael Jerrett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Long-term human exposure to ambient pollutants can be an important contributing or etiologic factor of many chronic diseases. Spatiotemporal estimation (mapping) of long-term exposure at residential areas based on field observations recorded in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Air Quality System often suffer from missing data issues due to the scarce monitoring network across space and the inconsistent recording periods at different monitors.We developed and compared two upscaling methods: UM1 (data aggregation followed by exposure estimation) and UM2 (exposure estimation followed by data aggregation) for the long-term PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < or = 10 microm) and ozone exposure estimations and applied them in multiple time scales to estimate PM and ozone exposures for the residential areas of the Health Effects of Air Pollution on Lupus (HEAPL) study.We used Bayesian maximum entropy (BME) analysis for the two upscaling methods. We performed spatiotemporal cross-validations at multiple time scales by UM1 and UM2 to assess the estimation accuracy across space and time.Compared with the kriging method, the integration of soft information by the BME method can effectively increase the estimation accuracy for both pollutants. The spatiotemporal distributions of estimation errors from UM1 and UM2 were similar. The cross-validation results indicated that UM2 is generally better than UM1 in exposure estimations at multiple time scales in terms of predictive accuracy and lack of bias. For yearly PM10 estimations, both approaches have comparable performance, but the implementation of UM1 is associated with much lower computation burden.BME-based upscaling methods UM1 and UM2 can assimilate core and site-specific knowledge bases of different formats for long-term exposure estimation. This study shows that UM1 can perform reasonably well when the aggregation process does not alter the spatiotemporal structure of the original data set; otherwise, UM2 is preferable.
Relation of a Common Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Mutation and Plasma Homocysteine With Intimal Hyperplasia After Coronary Stenting
Authors: Tai Kosokabe, Kenji Okumura, Takahito Sone, Junichiro Kondo, Hideyuki Tsuboi, Hiroaki Mukawa, Takahito Tomida, Tomomichi Suzuki, Hiroki Kamiya, Hideo Matsui, Tetsuo Hayakawa
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Hyperhomocysteinemia has been identified as an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease. Recent studies have shown that a common mutation (nucleotide 677 C→T) in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene may contribute to mild hyperhomocysteinemia and, therefore, to the incidence of coronary artery disease. No information exists, however, regarding the association between the mutation of the MTHFR gene or plasma homocysteine levels and morphological analysis of coronary atherosclerosis using intravascular ultrasound. Methods and Results —To examine the potential influence of MTHFR genotype and homocysteine on coronary arteries morphologically, we screened 62 patients with 65 lesions that were treated with 93 Palmaz-Schatz stents. The plasma homocysteine levels in the patients with the TT genotype were not significantly higher than those in the patients with non-TT (CC+CT) genotypes (13.1±5.5 versus 11.5±3.1 mmol/L, P =0.16). Angiographic analysis showed that the percent diameter stenosis in the patients with the TT genotype was significantly greater than that in those with non-TT genotypes (43.7±17.8% versus 29.0±22.0%, P =0.015). Intravascular ultrasound analysis showed that the TT genotype was significantly associated with greater intimal hyperplasia area (5.70±1.94 versus 3.72±1.38 mm 2 , P =0.001). In multiple stepwise regression analysis, the number of the T alleles was the only independent predictor of intimal hyperplasia after intervention ( r 2 =0.21, P =0.004). Conclusions —The homozygous mutant genotype of the MTHFR gene may increase the risk of in-stent restenosis more than does the normal homozygous or heterozygous genotype.
Metabolism of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) by Human Hepatocytes <i>in Vitro</i>
Authors: Heather M. Stapleton, Shannon M. Kelly, Ruoting Pei, Robert J. Letcher, Claudia Gunsch
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

BackgroundPolybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are flame-retardant chemicals that accumulate in human tissues and are potential toxicants. Concentrations of PBDEs in human tissues have increased recently, and body burdens in the U.S. and Canadian populations are higher than in any other region.ObjectivesAlthough metabolism in animal laboratory studies has been examined, no studies have explored the metabolism of these contaminants in human tissues. We undertook this study to determine whether PBDEs could be metabolized by human liver cells in vitro and to identify what types of metabolites are formed.MethodsWe exposed hepatocytes from three different donors (two cryopreserved batches and one fresh batch) to solutions containing 10 μM of either of two environmentally relevant and prominent PBDE congeners—BDE-99 or BDE-209—for periods of 24–72 hr. We also conducted gene expression analysis to provide information on potential induction of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes.ResultsExposing hepatocytes to BDE-99 resulted in the formation of 2,4,5-tribromo phenol, two monohydroxylated pentabrominated diphenyl ether metabolites, and a yet unidentified tetrabrominated metabolite. No hydroxylated or debrominated metabolites were observed in the cells exposed to BDE-209. This suggests that BDE-209 was not metabolized, that nonextractable, covalently protein-bound metabolites were formed, or that the exposure time was not long enough for BDE-209 to diffuse into the cell to be metabolized. However, we observed up-regulation of genes encoding for cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) 1A2, CYP3A4, deiodinase type 1, and glutathione S-transferase M1 in hepatocyes exposed to both BDE-99 and BDE-209.ConclusionsOur in vitro results suggest that the human liver will likely metabolize some BDE congeners (e.g., BDE-99) in vivo. These metabolites have been shown to elicit greater toxicity than the parent BDE congeners in laboratory bioassays; thus, more research on body burdens and human health effects from these metabolites are warranted.
Making the Blood Supply Safer
Authors: Dietmar Fuchs
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 April 1993Making the Blood Supply SaferDietmar Fuchs, MD, Gunter Weiss, MD, and Helmut Wachter, MDDietmar Fuchs, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Gunter Weiss, MDSearch for more papers by this author, and Helmut Wachter, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-7-199304010-00033 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Heymann and coworkers [1] suggest that the risk for infection from blood transfusion has become acceptably low 11 years after the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first described. Without doubt, blood transfusion is safer today than in the early 1980s, although a residual risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission still exists [2]. However, the newly recognized patients who have T-lymphocytopenia but are negative for HIV types 1 and 2 remind us that a newly emerging pathogen is still able to penetrate the blood supply.Specific tests for known pathogens may miss evolving ones. A multispecific gatekeeper ...References1. Heymann SJ, Brewer TF, Fineberg HV, Wilson ME. How safe is safe enough? New infections and the U.S. blood supply. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:611-3. Google Scholar2. Conley LJ, Holmberg SD. Transmission of AIDS from blood screened negative for antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus. N Engl J Med. 1992; 326:1499. Google Scholar3. Honlinger M, Fuchs D, Hausen A, et al. Serum-Neopterinbestimmung zur zusatzlichen Sicherung der Bluttransfusion. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1989; 114:172-6. Google Scholar4. Fuchs D, Hausen A, Reibnegger G, et al. Neopterin as a marker for activated cell-mediated immunity: application in HIV infection. Immunol Today. 1988; 9:150-5. Google Scholar5. Zangerle R, Schonitzer D, Fuchs D, Most J, Dierich MP, Wachter H. Reducing HIV transmission by seronegative blood. Lancet. 1992; 340: 130-1. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1993Volume 118, Issue 7Page: 574-575KeywordsAIDSAntibody responseBloodBlood banksBlood transfusionHIVHIV infectionsPathogens Issue Published: 1 April 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Combination of ketanserin and verapamil or propranolol in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis: Search for an additive effect
Authors: Antoine Hadengue, Richard Moreau, Raimondo Cerini, Abraham Koshy, Samuel S. Lee, Didier Lebrec
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Drugs reported to reduce portal pressure through different mechanisms were combined in the hope of either additive portal hypotensive effects in “responders,” or inducing a portal hypotensive effect in “nonresponders” to the initial drug. Seven patients with alcoholic cirrhosis received verapamil, 10 mg i.v., and, 60 min later, ketanserin, 5 mg i.v. Verapamil decreased heart rate and increased free hepatic venous pressure but had no effect on hepatic venous pressure gradient or azygos blood flow. When combined with verapamil, ketanserin significantly diminished wedged hepatic venous pressure and hepatic venous pressure gradient. Ten other patients with alcoholic cirrhosis received propranolol, 15 mg i.v., and 45 min later, ketanserin, 5 mg i.v. In all patients, heart rate, cardiac index and azygos blood flow significantly decreased after propranolol. After propranolol alone, however, wedged hepatic venous pressure decreased in only five patients, responders. In five other patients, defined as nonresponders, propranolol did not decrease this pressure. The addition of ketanserin to propranolol induced further significant reduction in wedged hepatic venous pressure, hepatic venous pressure gradient and azygos blood flow. Among the five nonresponders, three had a reduced wedged hepatic venous pressure after ketanserin was combined. We conclude that verapamil does not reduce portal pressure or collateral blood flow in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. The splanchnic hemodynamic effects of propranolol and ketanserin appear to be independent and additive, without significant systemic alteration.
Diet Advice Now Easier To Swallow
Authors: K. Smigel
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Diet Advice Now Easier To Swallow Get access Kara Smigel Kara Smigel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 13, 4 July 1990, Pages 1091–1092, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.13.1091 Published: 04 July 1990
Skin Signs of Systemic Disease
Authors: Thomas P. Kugelman
Journal: JAMA (1971)

A competent up-to-date monograph on this topic has been unavailable in English for about 20 years. Internists, pediatricians, dermatologists, and other clinicians seeking a sophisticated contemporary approach to the subject will find their needs well met with this carefully prepared and profusely illustrated book. Although not encyclopedic, and purposely stressing selected subjects, it nevertheless provides a valuable reference source for most of the diseases ordinarily encountered. The book clearly displays Dr. Braverman's great personal involvement in his subject. He includes many of his own thoughts and observations, with case histories to document them. He also provides good perspective and objectivity, by summarizing the relevant work of others and including an excellent bibliography at the end of each chapter. Current concepts of etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnostic methodology receive major emphasis. Even the inexperienced reader should find the sections on description of lesions and differential diagnosis sufficiently detailed and explicit to be