tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clarification from EFSA
Authors: J. Kleiner
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Thompson and colleagues’ article seems to be based on a misunderstanding of what the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) did.1 It assumed that EFSA based its assessment of claims on “enhancement of water absorption during exercise” and “maintenance of endurance performance” on all the references submitted to EFSA and published on its website.2 However, EFSA’s opinion clearly states that the assessment was based …
An Address on THE PLACE OF SURGERY IN THE TREATMENT OF PEPTIC ULCER
Authors: D. P. D. Wilkie
Journal: BMJ (1929)

<b>Background:</b> Exercise induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) occurs frequently among athletes. Standard prevention plus pharmacological treatment cannot relieve EIB induced symptom in a part of patients. The usefulness of tiotropium on uncontrolled EIB has so far remained unclear. In this study, we report 8 cases of the difficult-to-control EIB treated with tiotropium. <b>Objective:</b> To examine the impact of tiotropium on the difficult-to-control EIB. <b>Methods:</b> In total, 8 cases of EIB were enrolled in this study. All the patients cannot achieve symptom-control with standard prevention and pharmacological treatment with rescue use of inhaled short-acting beta 2-agonist (SABA) and maintenance with inhaled corticosteroid plus long-acting beta 2-agonist. The delivered dose of tiotropium 5 microgram via respimat inhaler was added on maintenance medication. Symptom and the frequency of additional SABA use were compared before and 2 to 4 weeks after the initiation of tiotropium. Symptom was evaluated with visual analog scale (VAS) scale. More than 50% reduction of VAS scale plus rescue SABA use were defined “effective”. <b>Results:</b> Demographics of 8 cases were follows: mean age was 43 (15 - 56), 4 males, smoking status: one current, 2 former, and 5 never smokers, %FEV1 was 92.0 (78.2 - 106.4)％, Fe-NO 22 (14 - 30) ppb. Tiotropium was effective on 6 among 8 cases of difficult-to-control EIB. <b>Conclusions:</b> Tiotropium could be a useful choice to manage difficult-to-control EIB.
Cyclophilin A Mediates Vascular Remodeling by Promoting Inflammation and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation
Authors: Kimio Satoh, Tetsuya Matoba, Jun Suzuki, Michael R. O'Dell, Patrizia Nigro, Zhaoqiang Cui, Amy Mohan, Shi Pan, Lingli Li, Zheng-Gen Jin, Chen Yan, Jun-ichi Abe, Bradford C. Berk
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Oxidative stress, generated by excessive reactive oxygen species, promotes cardiovascular disease. Cyclophilin A (CyPA) is a 20-kDa chaperone protein secreted from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in response to reactive oxygen species that stimulates VSMC proliferation and inflammatory cell migration in vitro; however, the role CyPA plays in vascular function in vivo remains unknown.We tested the hypothesis that CyPA contributes to vascular remodeling by analyzing the response to complete carotid ligation in CyPA knockout mice, wild-type mice, and mice that overexpress CyPA in VSMC (VSMC-Tg). After carotid ligation, CyPA expression in vessels of wild-type mice increased dramatically and was significantly greater in VSMC-Tg mice. Reactive oxygen species-induced secretion of CyPA from mouse VSMCs correlated significantly with intracellular CyPA expression. Intimal and medial hyperplasia correlated significantly with CyPA expression after 2 weeks of carotid ligation, with marked decreases in CyPA knockout mice and increases in VSMC-Tg mice. Inflammatory cell migration into the intima was significantly reduced in CyPA knockout mice and increased in VSMC-Tg mice. Additionally, VSMC proliferation assessed by Ki67(+) cells was significantly less in CyPA knockout mice and was increased in VSMC-Tg mice. The importance of CyPA for intimal and medial thickening was shown by strong correlations between CyPA expression and the number of both inflammatory cells and proliferating VSMCs in vivo and in vitro.In response to low flow, CyPA plays a crucial role in VSMC migration and proliferation, as well as inflammatory cell accumulation, thereby regulating flow-mediated vascular remodeling and intima formation.
Stimulation of α2-adrenergic receptor inhibits cholangiocarcinoma growth through modulation of Raf-1 and B-Raf activities
Authors: Noriatsu Kanno, Gene LeSage, Jo Lynne Phinizy, Shannon Glaser, Heather Francis, Gianfranco Alpini
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Growth factor signaling, mediated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, induces cell mitosis. Adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) may inhibit or stimulate mitosis (depending on the cell type) through the activation of MAPK and Raf proteins. Among Raf proteins, Raf-1 and B-Raf differentially regulate mitosis. Our aims were to evaluate the role and mechanisms of action of the alpha(2)-adrenergic agonist UK14,304 in the regulation of growth of the human cholangiocarcinoma cell line Mz-ChA-1. Immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting for alpha(2A)-, alpha(2B)-, or alpha(2C)-adrenergic receptor subtypes showed positive reaction in Mz-ChA-1 cells. We found that physiological concentrations of UK14,304 increased cAMP levels and inhibited proliferation and MAPK activity in Mz-ChA-1 cells. Mz-ChA-1 cells expressed Raf-1 and B-Raf. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) immediately and transiently stimulated Raf-1 activity, whereas B-Raf activity was increased with prolonged EGF stimulation. EGF-stimulated Raf-1 and B-Raf activities were both inhibited by UK14,304. UK14,304 did not affect Ras activity. In Mz-ChA-1 cells, alpha(2)-adrenoreceptor stimulation causes up-regulation of cAMP, which inhibits EGF-induced MAPK activity through an acute increase of Raf-1 and sustained activation of B-Raf. In conclusion, because alpha(2)-AR inhibition of growth occurred downstream of Ras, adrenergic stimulation or other stimulants of cAMP may overcome the Ras mutations and offer a new therapeutic approach for patients with cholangiocarcinoma.
Hospital Report Cards
Authors: Justin B. Dimick, Samantha K. Hendren
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Telomerase inhibitor GRN163L inhibits myeloma cell growth in vitro and in vivo
Authors: M A Shammas, H Koley, R C Bertheau, P Neri, M Fulciniti, P Tassone, S Blotta, A Protopopov, C Mitsiades, R B Batchu, K C Anderson, A Chin, S Gryaznov, N C Munshi
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
Von Willebrand Factor, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: David S. Frankel, James B. Meigs, Joseph M. Massaro, Peter W.F. Wilson, Christopher J. O'Donnell, Ralph B. D'Agostino, Geoffrey H. Tofler
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Von Willebrand factor (vWF) is inconsistently associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). This might be explained by associations of vWF with type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance. Methods and Results— We tested whether vWF predicted incident CVD in 3799 Framingham Offspring Study participants, and in particular, among those with type 2 diabetes mellitus or insulin resistance. During 11 years of follow-up, 351 participants developed CVD. In proportional hazards models (with adjustment for age, sex, blood pressure, smoking, body mass index, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and treatment with aspirin, insulin, antihypertensives, and lipid-lowering medications) with the lowest quartile of the vWF distribution as the referent, the hazard ratio (HR) for CVD was 0.94 in the second quartile, 0.98 in the third, and 1.32 in the highest ( P =0.04 for trend). Additional adjustment for type 2 diabetes mellitus or insulin resistance (homeostasis model) partially attenuated the association (multivariable HRs for top quartile 1.28 and 1.21, respectively). We then stratified the models by diabetes status or the homeostasis model of insulin resistance distribution (top quartile versus lower 3 quartiles). vWF was associated with CVD among participants with diabetes mellitus (HR for top quartile relative to bottom 1.47, P =0.04 for trend) but not among nondiabetic participants (HR 1.15, P =0.5) and similarly among insulin-resistant (HR 1.50, P =0.01) but not insulin-sensitive (HR 1.02, P =0.9) participants. Conclusions— Higher levels of vWF were associated with risk of CVD in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus or insulin resistance, which suggests that vWF may be a risk factor unique to these populations.
Quantitative Determination of 1,4‐Methyl‐Imidazoleacetic Acid in Urine by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Ib Søndergaard
Journal: Allergy (1982)

A reversed phase ion-pair high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for quantitative determination of the major histamine metabolite 1,4-methyl-imidazoleacetic acid (1,4-MIAA) in urine is described. The sample handling is minimal as the sample only has to be centrifuged and diluted before analysis, in contrast to earlier gas chromatographic and thin-layer chromatographic methods. The method correlates well with a thin-layer chromatographic determination (r = 0.79, n = 15), and results from analysis of urine from different patients suffering from mastocytosis, chronic urticaria, atopic dermatitis and asthma are presented together with samples from normal individuals. Most of the patients analysed showed increased excretion of 1,4-MIAA compared with the controls. Future applications of the method, including analysis on patients with food allergy and patients with abnormalities in their histamine metabolism, are discussed.
Anemia in celiac disease is multifactorial in etiology
Authors: Jason W. Harper, Stephen F. Holleran, Rajasehkar Ramakrishnan, Govind Bhagat, Peter H.R. Green
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract Anemia in celiac disease (CD) has been attributed to nutritional deficiencies; however, the clinical manifestations of CD have changed with nongastrointestinal presentations predominating. We collected hematologic parameters from a cohort of patients seen at a tertiary care center for CD to assess the characteristics of anemia in this population. Hematological parameters measured ≤3 months of diagnosis and degree of villous atrophy from 405 patients diagnosed &gt;1995 was analyzed. Ferritin levels were compared with population controls (NHANES III). Iron deficiency was common, occurring in 33% of men and 19% of women ( P &lt; 0.001). Folate deficiency was seen in ∼12% of the total sample and B12 deficiency in ∼5%. Anemia was present in ∼20% of the cohort. Among the anemic patients, ferritin was less than the 10th percentile in 45%, between the 10th and 50th percentile in 39% and greater than the 50th percentile in 13%. Ferritin &gt; 50th percentile was more common in anemic men (24%) than in anemic women (9%; P &gt; 0.20). Macrocytic anemia with concurrent B12 or folate deficiency was rare (3%). Elevated ESR was observed in patients with ferritin &lt; 10th percentile and &gt;50th. A gluten‐free diet resulted in increased serum ferritin in iron‐deficient patients, and decreased ferritin levels in those with high ferritin ( r 2 = 0.46, P &lt; 0.001). Although anemia is still a common presentation of celiac disease, nutritional deficiencies alone do not explain this phenomenon in all cases; inflammation appears to contribute as evidenced by the presence of anemia of chronic disease in some individuals. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surgical Treatment of Extracranial Arterial Occlusion
Authors: Robert G. Roth
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Joint Study of Extracranial Arterial Occlusion (<b>211</b>:1993, 1970) provided valuable data comparing the results of carotid surgical and nonsurgical treatment of extracranial arterial insufficiency in patients without neurological deficits in the three following groups: (1) unilateral carotid stenosis (2) bilateral carotid stenosis and (3) carotid occlusion plus contralateral stenosis. However there is doubt in my mind that the most important data were analyzed in determining the best method of treatment. The authors have decided to compare the value of treatments on the basis of transient attacks in the patients who survive the original hospitalization and surgery. In their analysis surgery is a better therapy in subgroups two and three. Several objections can be offered. First the analysis does not evaluate those who have been injured or have died as a result of the original therapy. Second it evaluates data which are the least important and
Assessment of Differences in Patient Populations Selected for or Excluded From Participation in Clinical Phase III Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Trials
Authors: Catherine Mengis, Stefan Aebi, Andreas Tobler, Werner Dähler, Martin F. Fey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

To compare patients treated in or outside clinical protocols, using de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) as a model disorder.We retrospectively compared the characteristics of all patients with de novo AML diagnosed in the referral area of our university hospital between 1985 and 1994.Of a total of 170 AML patients, 45% were included in a phase III trial for the treatment of AML and 55% were treated outside a protocol. Another 45 patients were registered only at diagnosis but were treated elsewhere. Nonstudy patients differed significantly from patients included in clinical trials with respect to age and performance status at clinical presentation, comorbidity, and type of AML. The great majority of patients excluded from trial participation showed distinct exclusion criteria, such as advanced age and severe comorbidity. Study patients were treated significantly more often with curative intent and achieved better response and survival. Patients treated in an equivalent manner but outside a protocol showed no significant difference in survival compared with patients enrolled onto a trial.Study patients were not representative for the entire population of patients with AML; many patients were excluded from phase III trial participation for failure to meet stringent entry criteria. Therefore, results of phase III studies may not be extrapolated to all AML patients but should only be applied to patients who do not differ in substantial characteristics from the study population.
Tobacco Smoke Exposure Is Associated With Attenuated Endothelial Function in 11-Year-Old Healthy Children
Authors: Katariina Kallio, Eero Jokinen, Olli T. Raitakari, Mauri Hämäläinen, Marja Siltala, Iina Volanen, Tuuli Kaitosaari, Jorma Viikari, Tapani Rönnemaa, Olli Simell
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Passive smoking is associated with early arterial damage in adults, but its effect on endothelial function in children is unknown. Methods and Results— Serum cotinine concentration was measured annually in children between 8 and 11 years of age who had participated since infancy in a randomized, prospective atherosclerosis prevention trial (Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project for children [STRIP]). At age 11, endothelium-dependent flow-mediated vasodilatory responses of the brachial artery were examined with high-resolution ultrasound in 402 children. These children were divided into 3 groups according to serum cotinine concentrations: the noncotinine group (nondetectable cotinine, n=229), the low cotinine group (cotinine between 0.2 and 1.6 ng/mL, n=134), and the top decile cotinine group (cotinine ≥1.7 ng/mL, n=39). Longitudinal cotinine data in children aged 8 to 11 years and ultrasound studies were available in 327 children. At age 11, the increase in cotinine concentration was associated with attenuated peak flow-mediated dilation response (mean±SD: the noncotinine group 9.10±3.88%, the low-cotinine group 8.57±3.78%, and the top-decile cotinine group 7.73±3.85%; P =0.03 for trend). Similarly, total dilation response (the area under the dilation response versus time curve between 40 and 180 seconds after hyperemia) was affected by the cotinine level ( P =0.02 for trend). These trends were not explained by traditional atherosclerosis risk factors. Arterial measures and passive smoking showed even stronger associations when longitudinal cotinine data were used (peak flow-mediated dilation, P =0.01 for trend; total dilation response, P =0.008 for trend). Conclusions— Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke confirmed by serum cotinine concentrations impairs endothelial function in a dose-dependent manner in 11-year-old children.
The changing scenario of hepatocellular carcinoma over the last two decades in Italy
Authors: Valentina Santi, Daniela Buccione, Antonio Di Micoli, Gianluca Fatti, Marta Frigerio, Fabio Farinati, Paolo Del Poggio, Gianludovico Rapaccini, Maria Anna Di Nolfo, Luisa Benvegnù, Marco Zoli, Franco Borzio, Edoardo Giovanni Giannini, Eugenio Caturelli, Maria Chiaramonte, Mauro Bernardi, Franco Trevisani
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Technology Assessment: Differing Perspectives
Authors: Alan Williams
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Your Dec 21, 1984,<sup>1</sup>editorial has only just reached me, and since it conveys a false impression of my particular "perspective" on technology assessment I would like to correct it. My position is not that the optimum level of utilization of a technology is not measured by its favorable effect on patients, as the writers imply. It is that a wider group of patients than those who benefit from the technology itself must be taken into account. This means counting costs, since they represent the value of the resources for which the other patients are being deprived. Hence, my proposition is that demonstrating that the technology benefits patients is a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for its adoption. A<i>sufficient</i>condition is that it does so more than any alternative use of the same health care dollars. I would have thought that this concept is
Epidemiological Association of Airway Inflammation with Asthma Symptoms and Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Childhood
Authors: PETER G. GIBSON, JOHN W. WLODARCZYK, MICHAEL J. HENSLEY, MAREE GLEESON, RICHARD L. HENRY, ALLAN W. CRIPPS, ROBERT L. CLANCY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

The role of airway inflammation in childhood asthma is not well defined, despite modern treatment approaches recommending potent anti-inflammatory therapy for an increasing number of children. In this study, induced sputum analysis was used to investigate the relationships among sputum inflammatory cells (eosinophils and mast cells), asthma symptoms, and airway hyperresponsiveness to hypertonic saline in a cohort of 170 children aged 8–14 years. Children who reported asthma symptoms in the past 2 wk had a 2.25-fold (95% to CI, 1.20–4.24) increased odds of having significant sputum eosinophilia. Hyperresponsiveness to hypertonic saline was strongly associated with higher levels of sputum eosinophils ([OR] 4.36, 1.70–11.20), sputum mast cells (OR 7.46, 2.48–22.75), and nasal eosinophils (OR 4.73, 1.89–11.86). Interestingly, boys were more likely than girls to have features of airway inflammation (sputum mast cells, OR 3.33, 1.15–9.65; nasal eosinophils, OR 3.25, 1.72–5.97), which is consistent with the known increase in asthma prevalence in boys in this age group. Airway inflammation with eosinophils and mast cells is likely to be important in the pathogenesis of asthma in childhood. Induced sputum analysis can be used to evaluate this problem and has the potential to be a useful tool for monitoring therapy.
THE ART OF MEDICINE.
Authors: EDWARD HORNIBROOK
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Amost all the phases of medical thought are so thoroughly discussed in the books of specialists and in the periodical press that the general practitioner who has neither time nor opportunity to pursue new lines of investigation finds difficulty in selecting a theme which will not be already familiar to the members of this learned society. I have, therefore, chosen a subject which may invite criticism and which shall be suggestive, even if not instructive. Is the art of medicine improving? This question would be answered affirmatively, at first thought, by the majority of physicians. Yet there are many thoughtful men who, while admitting that scientific medicine has made wonderful progress during the last half century, are still constrained to believe that the Art as distinguished from the Science has deteriorated. <h3>SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND MEDICAL PROGRESS.</h3> Until recently the path of medical investigation might be compared to a plateau without
Lactase Deficiency: Prevalence in Osteoporosis
Authors: ALBERT D. NEWCOMER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

We determined the prevalence of lactase deficiency by analysis of respiratory hydrogen (H2) in 30 women with idiopathic postmenopausal osteoporosis and in 31 female control subjects without evidence of metabolic bone disease. Eight subjects with osteoporosis had breath H2 excretion greater than 0.20 ml/minute at 2 h after receiving 50 g of lactose and were considered lactase deficient; only one control subject was lactase deficient (P < 0.05). Symptoms developed in seven of the nine lactase-deficient persons after receiving 50 g of lactose; in contrast, only three of the 52 lactase-normal subjects had symptoms. Although none of the lactase-deficient subjects was aware of milk intolerance, their intake of both lactose and calcium was significantly lower than that in the lactase-normal group. Lactase deficiency appears to be one of several factors that predispose to the development of osteoporosis, probably through diminished calcium intake and possibly through an effect on calcium absorption.
Gliadin uptake in human enterocytes. Differences between coeliac patients in remission and control individuals.
Authors: S Friis, E Dabelsteen, H Sjostrom, O Noren, S Jarnum
Journal: Gut (1992)

The pepsin trypsin digest of the wheat prolamin gliadin (PT-gliadin) is deleterious to the small intestinal mucosa of coeliac patients. The handling of PT-gliadin by the intestinal epithelium in coeliac patients in remission and control individuals was investigated by in vivo instillation of PT-gliadin. The uptake of PT-gliadin was monitored by immunofluorescence microscopy of intestinal biopsy specimens, using affinity purified PT-gliadin antibodies. Control individuals show weak staining in the apical region of the enterocytes thereby showing an uptake of PT-gliadin. Coeliac patients have a conspicuous fluorescence in relation to the lateral membrane/intercellular space of enterocytes and intense staining intracellularly in the apical region. There is only weak staining in the enterocytes after the instillation was terminated, indicating an intracellular clearance. The study shows that normal enterocytes are able to take up PT-gliadin. The increased uptake in coeliac patients might be of importance for the pathogenesis either by direct toxicity or by presentation to immunocompetent cells. Furthermore, the results are in agreement with the suggestion of a functional alteration in the zonula occludens in the intestinal epithelium of coeliac patients.