tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neoplasia of plasma cells with atypical presentation and infection by the human immunodeficiency virus. A presentation of two cases
Authors: Susana Herranz, Montserrat Sala, Manel Cervantes, Merc� Sasal, Alfons Soler, Ferran Segura
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

Neoplasia of plasma cells acquires special clinical characteristics in patients infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These patients are much younger at the time of diagnosis, and when they are compared with the general population they show an atypical clinical evolution, with a greater frequency of solitary plasmacytomas, less evidence of a monoclonal plasmatic component, or greater aggressiveness of the neoplastic process. This paper provides the most significant data on two patients infected by HIV and diagnosed for plasma cell neoplasia. Recent pathogenetic hypotheses for plasma cell neoplasias that include immune alterations, chronic viral infections, and hyperexpression of cytokines exist in patients infected by HIV, and this could suggest that this type of neoplasia is another malignant haematological process associated with AIDS. Am. J. Hematol. 65:239–242, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Crisis in Methadone Maintenance
Authors: Norman E. Zinberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

IN the United States, during most of this century, maintaining a patient on an addictive drug as a form of medical treatment has created painful moral problems for professionals and public alike. The view is widely held that drug-substitution therapy is morally wrong and therefore unacceptable, in spite of the fact that such therapy often leads to the social rehabilitation of addicts and that attempts at complete cure via abstinence have had very little success.1 In June, 1963, the American Medical Association, in a joint statement with the National Research Council, reaffirmed the view that the complete withdrawal of narcotic . . .
ABSOLUTE REDUCTION IN LEFT VENTRICULAR END DIASTOLIC DIAMETER (GREATER THAN 0.65CM) IN PATIENTS WITH CONTINUOUS FLOW LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICES (CF-LVAD) REFLECTS COMPLETE LV UNLOADING DEFINED BY INVASIVE HEMODYNAMICS
Authors: Carrie Eshelbrenner, Andrea Cordero-Reyes, Arvind Bhimaraj, Barry Trachtenberg, Guha Ashrith, Barbara Elias, Matthias Loebe, Guillermo Torre-Amione, Jerry Estep
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
A CUTANEOUS ANAPHYLACTIC REACTION AS A CONTRA-INDICATION TO THE ADMINISTRATION OF ANTITOXIN
Authors: W. L. MOSS
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Almost every physician who frequently has occasion to administer antitoxic serum has seen more or less serious symptoms follow the injection in individuals who months or even years previously have received serum. These symptoms usually develop within twenty-four hours, often in less time, and may be slight, consisting of one or several of the following: erythema, urticaria, swelling of lymph-glands, joint pains, fever, or they may be very grave, consisting of the above in an exaggerated form with profound collapse, albuminuria and bloody stools.  It seems very desirable to be able to determine in advance those cases in which a second administration of serum will precipitate dangerous anaphylactic manifestations. In a recent paper Knox, Moss and Brown 1 described a local cutaneous anaphylactic reaction which indicates hypersensitiveness in rabbits to horse serum. Thinking that this test might give the desired information in the case of patients requiring a second injection
Demonstrable Deficiency of Christmas Factor in Two Sisters
Authors: I. A. Cook, A. S. Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1960)

MEDBARLrrs AL479possible diagnostic import.Despite the limited number of abnormal cases studied (Table III), the results show only minor variations from the normal which could be explained on the grounds of changes in maternal serum proteins; for instance, the low value of serum albumin in toxaemia may well be responsible for the correspondingly low albumin reading in the liquor, and this may also apply to the high a,-globulin levels in the liquor of these patients.The significance of the slightly elevated total protein in the liquor in anencephaly, hydramnios, and hydrops foetalis, and its possible relationship to foetal swallowing, can only be a matter of conjecture.On the other hand, the findings of identical protein patterns in the two amniotic sacs of uniovular twins where hydramnios was limited to the upper of the two sacs, as confirmed on abdominal paracentesis, shows that there is more to it than foetal swallowing, and protein dialysis in the complex processes involved in the formation and elimination of all the constituents of the amniotic fluid. SummaryProteins present in maternal serum, umbilical-cord blood, liquor amnii, and dialysates from maternal serum across " foetal membranes " have been studied with the aid of paper electrophoresis.The protein pattern seen in the liquor amnii has the characteristics of a simple protein dialysate, and can be reproduced in vitro.Evidence is presented to suggest that the swallowed liquor amnii contributes to foetal nutrition and may well provide a source of y-globulin and antibodies to the foetus.Despite minor variations, no diagnostically significant changes were detected in the electrophoretic patterns of the liquor in toxaemia, anencephaly, twins, hydramnios, and hydrops foetalis.We particularly wish to thank Dr. F. J. W. Lewis, director of pathology, Southmead Hospital, for his advice
464 Liver delivery of adefovir by heterologous expression of organic anion transporter OAT1
Authors: Y SAI, H HASHITANI, I TAMAI, A TSUJI
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

The effects of piperine, a major ingredient of black pepper, on UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UDP-GDH) and glucuronidation potentials of rat and guinea pig liver and intestine were studied. Piperine caused a concentration-related strong inhibition of UDP-GDH (50% at 10 μM) reversibly and equipotently, in both tissues. Partially purified rat liver UDP-GDH was used to obtain the kinetic values at pH optima of 9.4 and 8.6. At pH 9.4: Km UDP-glucose = 15 μM, Vmax = 5.2 nmol NADH/min/mg protein, Ki = 6 μM. With NAD, a Ki of 16 μM was obtained. At pH 8.6: Km = 35 μM, Vmax = 7.5 nmol, ki = 15 μM. In all of these cases, piperine caused non-competitive inhibition. Data from structure-activity comparisons of piperine analogs indicated that the presence of conjugated double bonds in the side chain of the molecule is a factor in piperine inhibition. However, the UDP-glucuronic acid (UDPGA) contents were decreased less effectively by piperine in isolated rat hepatocytes compared with enterocytes of guinea pig small intestine. Piperine at 50 μM caused a marginal decrease of UDPGA in hepatocytes when the rate of glucuronidation of 3-hydroxybenzo[ita]pyrene (3-OH-BP) decreased by about 40%. The decrease obtained at 10 μM piperine in intestinal cells was comparable to that obtained at 50–100 μM in hepatocytes. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) activities towards 3-OH-BP (UGT1A1) and 4-OH-biphenyl (UGT2B1) were also determined. Piperine did not affect the rate of glucuronidation of 4-OH-biphenyl in rat liver, whereas that of 3-OH-BP was impaired significantly. In guinea pig small intestine, both these activities were inhibited significantly requiring less than 25 μM piperine to produce a more than 50% inhibition of UGT(s). The results suggested that (i) piperine is a potent inhibitor of UDP-GDH, (ii) inhibition is offered exclusively by the conjugated double bonds of the molecule, and (iii) piperine exerts stronger effects on intestinal glucuronidation than in rat liver.
Pulmonary vasodilator responses to catecholamines and sympathetic nerve stimulation in the cat. Evidence that vascular beta-2 adrenoreceptors are innervated.
Authors: A L Hyman, P Nandiwada, D S Knight, P J Kadowitz
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

We investigated the effects of catecholamines and sympathetic nerve stimulation in the feline pulmonary vascular bed under conditions of controlled pulmonary blood flow. Norepinephrine and nerve stimulation caused dose- and stimulus frequency-dependent increases in pulmonary vascular resistance. However, when pulmonary vascular tone was enhanced and alpha receptors blocked, norepinephrine and nerve stimulation caused dose- and frequency-dependent decreases in pulmonary vascular resistance. The decreases in pulmonary vascular resistance were blocked with propranolol and were of greater magnitude than were constrictor responses observed under basal conditions. Vasodilator responses to nerve stimulation were not modified by atropine. Epinephrine and isoproterenol had marked vasodilator activity in the pulmonary vascular bed when pulmonary vascular tone was elevated. When alpha receptors were blocked, isoproterenol and epinephrine had similar vasodilator activity, and when beta receptors were blocked, epinephrine and norepinephrine had marked vasoconstrictor activity. Selective beta-1 receptors antagonists had little effect on vasodilator responses to isoproterenol, whereas responses to this substance were blocked by propranolol. These results suggest that presence of alpha-and beta-2 adrenoreceptors in the feline pulmonary vascular bed and that both types of adrenergic receptors are innervated by the sympathetic nervous system.
Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Pierre Théroux, Valentin Fuster
Journal: Circulation (1998)

I schemic heart disease includes a wide spectrum of condi- tions, ranging from silent ischemia and exertion-induced angina, through unstable angina, to acute MI.Unstable angina occupies the center of this spectrum, causing disability and risk greater than that of chronic stable angina but less than that of acute MI 1 (Fig 1).Although non-Q-wave MI for many years was considered prognostically similar to unstable angina, recent longitudinal studies indicate that it is similar to Q-wave infarction 2,3 (Fig 2).The concept of unstable angina has emerged from observations of frequent symptoms preceding acute MI, followed by prospective documentation that unstable symptoms frequently culminated in acute MI.The syndrome was rapidly accepted as a well-defined clinical entity as specific clinical manifestations, pathophysiological mechanisms, laboratory findings, and treatment became better characterized.Unstable angina is currently one of the leading causes of hospital admission for CAD, and non-Q-wave MI accounts for Ͼ30% of admissions for acute MI. 1,4 Yet, the diagnosis of unstable angina remains clinical, based on symptom recognition.The physician caring for patients with unstable angina is in a privileged position of recognizing rapidly evolving CAD and being able to intervene to prevent irreversible left ventricular damage and progression of CAD.Unstable angina is classically described as a heterogeneous disease, referring to a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations from stable angina to MI, of disease processes from coronary vasospasm to thrombus formation, and of extent of CAD from no significant stenosis to severe three-vessel disease.Not surprisingly, therefore, the prognosis of unstable angina is quite variable.Despite all these heterogeneous features, the recent progress made in knowledge and management of unstable angina and acute MI has driven the acute coronary syndromes to the forefront of modern cardiology, helping shape future research and development.The new concepts are active coronary plaque and triggers and promoters of inflammation and of thrombus formation.The new therapeutic goals are plaque stabilization and prevention of accelerated atherosclerosis.
Abstract 16692: Comparing the Prevalence of ECG Abnormalities Between Young Athletes and Non-athletes: The Implications for a Nationwide Screening Programme
Authors: Navin Chandra, Michael Papadakis, Jennifer Duschl, David Foldes, Hari Raju, Rachael Bastiaenen, Rebecca Howes, Sanjay Sharma
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Objectives: Pre-participation screening of competitive athletes has been shown to reduce the incidence sudden cardiac death over a long-term follow up period. Paradoxically, the majority of deaths ...
Human colonocyte detoxification
Authors: WILLIAM E W ROEDIGER, WENDY BABIDGE
Journal: Gut (1997)

Human colonocyte detoxificationDetoxification or biotransformation of drugs and xenobiotics are usually linked with liver metabolism, yet colonocytes of the gastrointestinal tract have an equal capacity to mediate these processes. 1 2This brief overview specifically discusses the ability of human colonocytes, but not other tissues, to detoxify chemical agents and relates pertinent findings to ulcerative colitis and some aspects of colon cancer.Failure to detoxify, leading to epithelial cell damage, or an exaggerated capacity to biotransform, leading to carcinogen formation in colonocytes, have been the main implications in disease processes.In general, two categories of detoxification processes are recognised (table 1) 3 4 : phase I reactions concern oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis within the cytosol, and phase 2 reactions require ATP and concern conjugation with a donor substrate synthesised in the cell.Both reactions need enzymes such as oxidoreductases, hydrolases, transferases, and lyases.Amongst these may be subclasses, genetic polymorphism and variability of enzyme activity in organs and along the gastrointestinal tract.Particularly, diVerences in enzyme activity in the proximal and distal colon may occur. 5 6 Biochemists, pharmacologists, toxicologists, molecular biologists, geneticists, oncologists, and gastroenterologists are involved in this field of study, from each of which information is now drawn together.Many new toxicological advances made with liver and lung tissues still have to be applied to colonocytes and would be a fruitful area of future research.The subject of clinical gastrointestinal toxicology 7 makes it possible to bridge a gap between colonic disease, genetics and the ability to detect initiating or promoting factors in ulcerative colitis and colon cancer. Cytoplasmic oxidases and reductasesCytochrome P-450 are a superfamily of haem containing mono-oxygenases 8 acting in the metabolism of foreign compounds, as well as synthesis of steroids and bile components.The P-450 superfamily of enzymes is composed of families and subfamilies of enzymes based on amino acid diVerences.P-450 are designated by CYP followed by a number designating the family (1-27) and a on July 11, 2023 by guest.
98.6°F
Authors: David H. Walworth
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Mackowiak et al,<sup>1</sup>taking the temperature of 122 men and 26 women preparatory to<i>Shigella</i>vaccine trials, took the opportunity to establish normal levels for human temperature throughout the day. One to four observations per day for 2.5 days were made and compared with those of Wunderlich. Wunderlich analyzed over 1 million axillary temperatures from over 25 000 patients using a thermometer that took 15 minutes to equilibrate. He had concluded that the mean temperature of the human is 37°C (98.6°F). The study by Mackowiak et al reexamines this dictum and wonderfully finds a mean of 36.8°C (98.2°F), a difference of questionable significance. Unfortunately, their conclusion says "37°C (98.6°F) should be abandoned...." Anders Celsius, a Swedish astronomer, invented the scale, which has 100° between the freezing and boiling points of water. In most countries the "C" stands for Celsius rather than centigrade. The French divide their
Creatine Kinase System in Failing and Nonfailing Human Myocardium
Authors: Luigino Nascimben, Joanne S. Ingwall, Paolo Pauletto, Jan Friedrich, Judith K. Gwathmey, Valdur Saks, Achille Cesare Pessina, P.D. Allen
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background The creatine kinase (CK) reaction is important for rapid resynthesis of ATP when the heart increases its work. Studies defining the CK system in human failing and nonfailing myocardium are limited and in conflict. To resolve this conflict, we measured the activities of CK and its isoenzymes and the contents of creatine and CK-B in homogenates of human myocardium. Methods and Results Myocardium was sampled from 23 subjects who underwent heart transplant, 36 subjects maintained in an intensive care unit before heart harvesting, 13 accident victims, and 2 patients undergoing heart surgery. Since the characteristics of myocardium of potential organ donors differed from those of myocardium of accident victims, data are presented for three groups: failing, donor, and control. CK activity was 7.7±1.9 and 6.0±1.4 IU/mg protein in left (LV) and right (RV) ventricles of failing, 9.4±2.5 and 10.7±2 IU/mg protein in LV and RV of donor, and 11.6±2.4 IU/mg protein in LV of control hearts. CK-MM and the mitochondrial isoenzyme activities were lower in failing and donor LV, and CK-MB activity and CK-B content were higher in failing and donor hearts. Creatine contents were 64±25 and 56±18.6 nmol/mg protein in LV and RV of failing, 96±30 and 110±24 nmol/mg protein in LV and RV of donor, and 131±28 nmol/mg protein in LV of control hearts. Conclusions In failing and nonfailing donor human myocardium, there is a combined decrease of CK activity and creatine that may impair the ability to deliver ATP to energy-consuming systems.
METHODS OF ADMINISTRATION OF SUCCINYLCHOLINE DICHLORIDE IN ELECTROSHOCK THERAPY WITH A DESCRIPTION OF A SIMPLE AND MODIFIED TECHNIQUE AND A SUCCINYLCHOLINE DICHLORIDE TEST
Authors: DAVID J. IMPASTATO, SEYMOUR BERG
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1956)

1. Succinylcholine dichloride (SCC) is a valuable adjunct in electroshock therapy. 2. SCC is one of the best muscle relaxants presently available. 3. A number of methods of administering it are outlined. Our own is described and the more important technical points discussed. 4. We have devised a simple test, which has made it possible for us to determine, at the time of the first treatment, the therapeutic dose required for the best muscle relaxation. 5. Routinely with all patients undergoing electroshock therapy, our aim has been to cause only partial paralysis by using small doses of SCC. However, when used in the presence of fractures, we advise larger doses so that a complete, or nearly complete, muscular relaxation to the point of temporary paralysis is produced. 6. We have not had a single fracture in 300 patients treated with our method.
Large Epidemic Outbreak of Vomiting Associated with Meningism and Exanthem
Authors: I. Ash
Journal: BMJ (1958)

NK cells represent a cellular component of innate immunity but possess features of adaptive immunity, including clonal expansion and establishment of long-lived memory following infection. During mouse CMV (MCMV) infection, we observed <i>Rsad2</i> (which encodes Viperin) to be among the most highly induced IFN stimulatory genes in activated NK cells, correlating with increased chromatin accessibility at the <i>Rsad2</i> gene locus. Furthermore, in NK cells stimulated with IFN-α, the promoter region of <i>Rsad2</i> was enriched for STAT1 binding and the permissive histone mark H3K4me3. IFN-αR– and STAT1-deficient NK cells showed an impairment of <i>Rsad2</i> induction and chromatin accessibility during MCMV infection. Finally, Rsad2-deficient NK cells were defective in clonal expansion and memory formation following exposure to MCMV, in part because of greater apoptosis. Thus, our study reveals a critical mechanism of STAT1-mediated epigenetic control of <i>Rsad2</i> to promote the adaptive behavior of NK cells during viral infection.
Catalogue of failures at Manchester hospital contributed to disabled girl's death
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A coroner has ruled that a hospital contributed to the death of a disabled 12 year old girl who was admitted with flu-like symptoms by a catalogue of failures in diagnosis and treatment.

Emma Stones, who had cerebral palsy and an estimated mental age of 5, died of septicaemia at Tameside Hospital in Greater Manchester in February 2011 after delays in diagnosis and treatment of a bacterial infection.

The inquest was told that a junior doctor wanted to take a blood sample but that a senior registrar was “too busy” to help. A …
Effects of Endurance Training on Mitochondrial Ultrastructure and Fiber Type Distribution in Skeletal Muscle of Patients With Stable Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Rainer Hambrecht, Eduard Fiehn, Jiangtao Yu, Josef Niebauer, Claudia Weigl, Lutz Hilbrich, Volker Adams, Urs Riede, Gerhard Schuler
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY FOLLOWING MITRACLIP IMPLANTATION: INCIDENCE, PREDICTS FACTORS AND PROGNOSTIC VALUE
Authors: Maurizio Taramasso, Azeem Latib, Paolo Denti, Alessandro Candreva, Nicola Buzzatti, Francesco Giannini, Giovanni La Canna, Ottavio Alfieri, Antonio Colombo, Francesco Maisano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Pseudoaneurysm Mimicking a Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Herrick J. Siegel, William K. Dunham
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

The patient is a 68-year-old man with a 3-year history of a slowly enlarging mass on his left posterior thigh. He reports that he had a penetrating injury to the thigh while he was in the military over 20 years ago. Radiographs showed a large soft tissue density without underlying bone involvement. An MRI of the thigh demonstrated a 12 cm × 16-cm mass, with heterogeneous signal, which enhanced after administration of contrast. Staging studies, which included CTs of his chest, abdomen, and pelvis, were negative. A Tc-99m MDP scan was performed to evaluate for bone metastasis and showed peripheral enhancement of the mass without definite evidence of underlying bone involvement. The bone scan findings led to the suspicion of a pseudoaneurysm and the redirection of this patient's evaluation. An arteriogram was than performed to evaluate for a vascular etiology and was interpreted as being suspicious for a pseudoaneurysm. An open biopsy was performed, which did not show evidence of tumor. Evacuation of a hematoma and exploration were performed. A pseudoaneurysm was identified in the left superficial femoral artery and repaired.
Lumbar spondylodiscitis secondary to Enterobacter cloacae septicaemia after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
Authors: A KAMANLI
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

Infections of the lumbar spine may affect either the intervertebral disc or the vertebral body. Most infections of the intervertebral disc occur as an extension of vertebral osteomyelitis or direct inoculations during diagnostic or surgical procedures, or include urinary tract infections and septicaemia. This paper reports a case of L5-S1 spondylodiscitis secondary to Enterobacter cloacae septicaemia after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL).

A 52 year old man presented with side pain, pollakiuria, haematuria, and nocturia. He had been treated with ciprofloxacin for acute pyelonephritis and nephrolithiasis as an outpatient. One week later, the patient was admitted to hospital by the urology department with symptoms of left side pain, fever, chills, shaking, and dysuria. Right renal and right ureter distal lithiasis and right hydronephrosis due to the lithiasis were diagnosed. One week after ESWL the patient was sent to the physical medicine and rehabilitation clinic with chills, shaking, high fever, and low back pain …
Fanning the flames to regenerate the heart
Authors: Paul R. Riley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Damage to the adult mammalian heart is irreversible, and lost cells are not replaced through regeneration. In neonatal mice, prior to P7, heart tissue can be regenerated after injury; however, the factors that facilitate cardiac regeneration in the neonatal heart are not known. In this issue of the JCI, Aurora and colleagues evaluated the immune response following myocardial infarction in P1 mice compared with that in P14 mice, which have lost their regenerative capacity, and identified a population of macrophages as mediators of cardiac repair. Further understanding of the immune modulators that promote the regenerative properties of this macrophage subset could potentially be exploited to recapitulate regenerative function in the adult heart.