tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Screening Mammography for Women Age 40 to 49 Years
Authors: Amir Qaseem, Vincenza Snow
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Letters20 November 2007Screening Mammography for Women Age 40 to 49 YearsAmir Qaseem, MD, PhD, MHA and Vincenza Snow, MDAmir Qaseem, MD, PhD, MHAFrom the American College of Physicians, Philadelphia, PA 19106.Search for more papers by this author and Vincenza Snow, MDFrom the American College of Physicians, Philadelphia, PA 19106.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-147-10-200711200-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Our recommendations are based on a thorough review of high-quality, scientific evidence for both the benefits and risks of screening mammography. We are recommending that all women age 40 to 49 years have an opportunity to participate in the decision whether to undergo screening, with full information about the benefits and risks from screening mammography. The individualized decision about screening mammography should be tailored to each woman and should include an assessment of her risk for breast cancer, a discussion of the benefits and risks of screening mammography, and a discussion of her concerns about breast cancer or ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From the American College of Physicians, Philadelphia, PA 19106.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoScreening Mammography for Women 40 to 49 Years of Age: A Clinical Practice Guideline from the American College of Physicians Amir Qaseem , Vincenza Snow , Katherine Sherif , Mark Aronson , Kevin B. Weiss , Douglas K. Owens , and Screening Mammography for Women Age 40 to 49 Years Daniel B. Kopans Metrics 20 November 2007Volume 147, Issue 10Page: 741KeywordsBreast cancerConflicts of interestMammography ePublished: 20 November 2007 Issue Published: 20 November 2007 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Harveiana Edinburgensia: Relations of William Harvey to Medicine in Edinburgh
Authors: R. Philip
Journal: BMJ (1926)

FELLOW HARVEIANs,-The return of our Harveian Festival recalls from the subconscious a lhost of feelings us:in the forefrontthe sense of profound reverence towards one of.theDii inm ortales of medicine; in less degree, the sense of pride-national pride-that tlOe uinravelle of the enigma of the circulation born.For it is not we alone whlo, oni the day celebra-tio1, stanid bareheaded before the perpetual monium-ent; in every sechool of medicine the world over impulse is felt, whatever the outward expression;The recurrence of the festival rekindles our the personality of the man and the bygone when lhe accomplished his work,-and in the relation time to ours.The events of tlose far-off days thlis eveniing in the Physiciains' Hall intermingle in initimacy-a closor intimacy than we imay hlave hitherto realized.That is thee burden ofnmy song, and o01 accounit I have ventured to label these pre-prandial jottings " Harveiana Ediiiburgensia.""
beta zero thalassemia in Sardinia is caused by a nonsense mutation.
Authors: R F Trecartin, S A Liebhaber, J C Chang, K Y Lee, Y W Kan, M Furbetta, A Angius, A Cao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

We report the characterization of a molecular lesion of beta thalassemia in Sardinia. Beta thalassemia in this area is predominantly the beta zero type with low levels of beta-globin mRNA. Translation assay of this messenger RNA in a cell-free system showed beta-globin chain synthesis only with the addition of an amber (UAG) suppressor transfer RNA. Double-stranded complementary DNA prepared from reticulocyte mRNA from a Sardinian patient was cloned in a bacterial plasmid and a beta-globin complementary DNA containing clone was isolated and sequenced. At the position corresponding to amino acid number 39, a single nucleotide mutation converted a glutamine codon (CAG) to an amber termination codon (UAG). We previously reported an amber nonsense mutation at amino acid 17 as a cause of Chinese beta zero thalassemia. Thus, beta zero thalassemia in Sardinia represents the second example of a nonsense mutation, and we predict that other beta zero thalassemias with mutations at various points along the beta-globin chain will be found to form a discrete subgroup of beta zero thalassemia. These experiments further illustrate the heterogeneity of lesions that lead to defective globin chain synthesis in beta thalassemia.
The Decline in U.S. Cancer Mortality in People Born since 1925
Authors: Eric J. Kort, Nigel Paneth, George F. Vande Woude
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract The conventional practice of analyzing overall age-adjusted cancer mortality rates heavily emphasizes the experience of older, higher mortality age groups. This may conceal shifts in lifetime cancer mortality experience emerging first in younger age groups. We examined age-specific cancer mortality rates and birth cohort–specific cancer mortality rates in U.S. mortality data recorded since 1955 to assess the effects of age, period, and cohort in secular mortality trends. Cancer mortality and population data were obtained from WHO Statistical Information System. Age-specific cancer mortality rates have been steadily declining in the United States since the early 1950s, beginning with children and young adults and now including all age groups. During the second half of the 20th century, each successive decade of births from 1925 to 1995 experienced a lower risk of cancer death than its predecessor at virtually every age for which such a comparison can be made. A major decline in cancer mortality has been occurring in the United States for the past 50 years, affecting birth cohorts born as long as 80 years ago. Excepting lung cancer, much of this decline has occurred despite relatively stable cancer incidence. These findings suggest that improvements in cancer detection, treatment, and/or prevention have reduced the risk of cancer death across the life span for individuals born in the last three quarters of the 20th century. [Cancer Res 2009;69(16):6500–5]
Lambliasis Simulating Duodenal Ulcer
Authors: EDWIN BOROS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1931)

Article1 February 1931Lambliasis Simulating Duodenal UlcerCASE REPORTEDWIN BOROS, M. D.EDWIN BOROS, M. D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-4-8-1004 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe symptomatology of duodenal ulcer and its response to the customary medical and dietary treatment is often regarded as sufficient evidence for its diagnosis, despite the frequent absence of other confirmatory laboratory or roentgoenological data. This so-called characteristic picture of duodenal ulcer may, however, be mimicked by other conditions, one of which presented itself with a similarity of symptoms.Mrs. H. M., married, age 43, having two children aged 18 and 14, without history of menstrual disorders or miscarriages, dated the onset of her trouble back 3 or 4 years ago, when she noticed a dirrhea as a first symptom...Bibliography1 DUBOISTORO : 1912 (Two cases of infection with Lamblia Intestinalis. N. Y. Pathol. Society, 12:32, 1912). Google Scholar2 CHACETASKER : Diag. and treatment of flagellate diarrheas. Jour. A. M. A., 68:1528, May 26, 1917. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3 KOFOIDKORNHAUSERPLATE : Intest. parasites in overseas, home service troops of U. S. Army. Jour. A. M. A., 72:1721, June 14, 1929. CrossrefGoogle Scholar MAXCY KF: Bull. Johns Hopk. Hosp., 32:166, May, 1921. Google Scholar5 KENNEDYROSEWARNE : Lancet, 1:1163, June 10, 1916. CrossrefGoogle Scholar FANTHAMPORTER : British Med. Jour., 2:139, July 29, 1916. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar LOGANSANFORDS Jour., Lab. Clin. Med., 11:618, June, 1917. Google Scholar MANTOVANI M: Gazz d'osp, 40:66, Jan. 30, 1919. Google Scholar CRESS WW: M. Recd., 98:143, July 24 1920. Google Scholar KOFOID : Intest. protozoa infect in U. S. Army troops. Trans. Am. Gastro-Int. Assn., p. 262, 1919. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1931Volume 4, Issue 8Page: 1004-1005KeywordsChildrenDuodenal ulcersGiardiasisMiscarriageResearch laboratories Issue Published: 1 February 1931 PDF downloadLoading ...
Reverse Remodeling From Cardiomyoplasty in Human Heart Failure
Authors: David A. Kass, Kenneth L. Baughman, Peter H. Pak, Peter W. Cho, Howard R. Levin, Timothy J. Gardner, Henry R. Halperin, Joshua E. Tsitlik, Michael A. Acker
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Cardiomyoplasty (CM) is a novel surgical therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy. In this procedure, the latissimus dorsi muscle is wrapped around the heart and chronically paced synchronously with ventricular systole. While studies have found symptomatic improvement from this therapy, the mechanisms by which CM confers benefit remain uncertain. This study sought to better define these mechanisms by means of serial pressure-volume relation analysis. Methods and Results Serial pressure-volume studies were performed by the conductance catheter method in three patients (total to date) with dilated cardiomyopathy (New York Heart Association class III) who underwent CM. Data were measured at baseline (before surgery) and at 6 and 12 months after CM. Chronic left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic changes induced by CM were evaluated with the stimulator in its stable pacing mode (every other beat) and after temporarily suspending pacing. CM-stimulated beats were compared with pacing-off beats to evaluate active systolic assist effects of CM. In each patient, CM resulted in a chronic lowering of cardiac end-diastolic volume and an increased ejection fraction. Most notably, the end-systolic pressure-volume relation shifted leftward, consistent with reversal of chronic chamber remodeling. In contrast, the diastolic pressure-volume relation was minimally altered, and the loops shifted down along the same baseline relation. These marked chronic changes in LV function measurable with CM stimulation off contrasted to only minor acute effects observed when the muscle wrap was activated. This suggests that the benefit of CM derived less from active systolic assist than from remodeling, perhaps because of an external elastic constraint. Conclusions These data, while limited to a small number of patients, suggest that CM can reverse remodeling of the dilated failing heart. While systolic squeezing assist effects of CM may play a role in some patients, our study found that this was not required to achieve substantial benefits from the procedure. We speculate that CM may act more passively, like an elastic girdle around the heart, to help reverse chamber remodeling.
Rheumatoid Arthritis Associated with Eosinophilia
Authors: RICHARD S. PANUSH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Five patients with classical rheumatoid arthritis and peripheral eosinophilia ranging from 20% to 89% are described. These patients had clinical and radiological findings of severe, deforming articular disease and a high prevalence of rheumatoid vasculitis, pleuritis, and subcutaneous nodules. As a group they had relatively low serum complement, high serum antigammaglobulin, and increased serum IgG, IgG1, lgG3, and IgM levels. These findings may reflect intense immunologic stimulation. In susceptible hosts this stimulus may be able to induce the profound eosinophilia observed.
Search for HIV-1 group 0 infection in Nigeria
Authors: AbinbolaJ Dada, YetundeM Olumide, DenisR Henrad, Bruce Phelps, Chou-Pong Pau, ThomasC Quinn, RobertJ Biggar, ThomasR O'Brien, WilliamA Blattner
Journal: The Lancet (1995)
BMA steps up call for ban on smoking in public places
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The BMA has stepped up its call for a ban on smoking in public places after finding that passive smoking kills 1000 people a year.

The association has also called on the government to tax all tobacco company profits to fund public awareness campaigns on the risks of passive smoking and the development of smoke-free public places.

The government's 1998 white paper on tobacco, Smoking Kills , acknowledged the risks of passive smoking but stopped short of a ban on smoking in public places. That report estimated that hundreds …
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF EXCHANGEABLE BODY SODIUM AND POTASSIUM
Authors: C. V. Robinson, Walter L. Arons, A. K. Solomon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1955)

y-ys % ' (7) Na" 15.04 hours 1.4 Mev 2.8 and 1.4 Mev 100 KO 12.44 hours 3.6 Mev none 80 2.1Mev 1.5Mev 20
Review of Keith Wailoo, Julie Livingston, and Peter Guarnaccia, eds.,<i>A Death Retold: Jesica Santillan, The Bungled Transplant, and Paradoxes of Medical Citizenship</i><sup>1</sup>
Authors: Charlene Galarneau
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2009)

“What should we do with her story now? You tell me.” So ends A Death Retold, an edited volume of 17 essays offering distinct perspectives on the heart and lung transplants and death of Jesica Santi...
Hypertension in End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: Victor Vertes, Jose L. Cangiano, Leonard B. Berman, Anne Gould
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Two distinct patterns of response of blood pressure to achievement of dry weight (no clinical evidence of edema and optimal body sodium content and volume of water), antihypertensive drugs and bilateral nephrectomy were documented in 40 unselected patients with end-stage renal disease. Group 1, 35 of 40 patients, was characterized by an excellent response of blood pressure to dry weight and the ability to remain normotensive without antihypertensive drugs as long as dry weight was maintained. Group 2, five of 40 patients, had persistent hypertension in spite of dry weight, a poor response to antihypertensive drugs and a prompt reduction of blood pressure after bilateral nephrectomy. A further important difference between these two groups was seen in the serum renin values obtained at the initiation of therapy. In Group 1 values ranged from 0 to 1.02 Goldblatt units × 10–4 per milliliter of serum (mean, 0.31) whereas those in Group 2 ranged from 1.88 to 4.60 (mean of 3.37 units). Serum renin levels appear to be of value to predict blood-pressure response.
1004-52 Impact of abciximab on distal embolization induced by primary angioplasty
Authors: Ugo Limbruno, Marco De Carlo, Sabina Pistolesi, Giovanni Amoroso, Tiziano Camacci, Gabriella Fontanini, Nicola Ciabatti, Daniele Carbocci, Giorgio Riccetti, Anna S Petronio, Mario Mariani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Abstract 3403: E-cadherin and vimentin patterns by immunohistochemistry identify epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Mark D. Pool, Kelly A. Kaiser, Sanjib Basu, Jeffrey A. Borgia, Mary J. Fidler, Philip Bonomi
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: To examine markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) defining epithelial-like (EPT) and mesenchymal-like (MES) phenotypes and correlate these with outcomes, in addition to other EMT markers. This study examined 33 patients with lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) who underwent surgical resection and later at disease progression received erlotinib. Experimental Design: All slides with tumor from resection specimens were reviewed (mean 4.8/case; range 1-9). Tumors were histologically subtyped according to recent IASLC classification. Tumor budding was graded per Ueno et al. (2002). A block containing the invasive front was selected for IHC staining with antibodies to e-cadherin (ECAD), vimentin (VIM), β-catenin (α-CAT), and SNAI1. Pattern-specific staining was evaluated at the invasive tumor front: E-cadherin-membranous, vimentin-cytoplasmic, α-CAT-membranous, SNAI1-nuclear, cytoplasmic. Complete circumferential membranous staining for e-cadherin was scored as present/absent; other markers were scored by the Allred system (0-8). PFS and OS were calculated from time of diagnosis to disease progression or death. Results: Two distinct phenotypes were identified with ECAD and VIM: EPT showing preserved membrane ECAD staining with low VIM (≥4) (N=19) and MES showing weak/absent membrane ECAD staining with high VIM (Δ5) (N=10). Median PFS for EPT group was 4.2 mo vs MES 1.6 mo; median OS for EPT group 15.5 mo vs 6.5 mo. These differences were not statistically significant. No association was found between high grade tumor budding and EPT vs MES phenotype p=0.221). Membranous α-CAT expression and nuclear SNAI1 expression showed a statistically significant correlation with EPT vs MES (β-catenin mean score 7.8 vs 6.1, p=0.0184) and (nuclear SNAI1 mean score 7.3 vs 6.1, p=0.0364). Conclusions: Epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes can be identified by IHC for e-cadherin and vimentin. These phenotypes correlate with other EMT markers β-catenin and SNAI1 but not with tumor budding. Although differences in median PFS and OS were seen between the two groups, the number of cases is too small to identify a statistically significant difference. The results do support the rationale for defining EPT and MES groups for prognosis in a larger group of early-stage surgically resected patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3403. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3403
Farmworkers and pesticides: community-based research.
Authors: T A Arcury, S A Quandt, L McCauley
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

In this paper we summarize the results of a workshop conducted to disseminate information about community-based research on the environmental health risks of exposure of farmworkers to pesticides. Community-based research is an approach that is advocated for addressing issues of environmental justice such as exposure of farmworkers to pesticides. This workshop brought together scientists, community organization members, and agency representatives to review and discuss the research methods and organizational relationships that have been successful in conducting past community research so these principles can be applied to new situations. The objectives of this workshop were to a) be a forum in which those conducting community-based research with farmworkers could share what they had learned; b) delineate the successes and barriers across different projects to further develop models and methods for conducting community-based research; and c) determine future directions and needs of farmworker community-based research for environmental justice.
Osmolarity of Parenteral Fluids
Authors: Harry F. Weisberg
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  In the June 21 issue (192:1112, 1965), Laurence P. Skendzel, MD replied to a question of Osmolarity of Parenteral Fluids. The answer is well written but I offer the following comments:  In the listing of the constituents of lactated Ringer's solution the 109 mEq of chloride has been omitted, thus making the correct answer (272.5 mOsm/liter) not too clear.  The mathematics relating to the calculation of the osmolar concentration of 5% glucose in water is incorrect. The 5% glucose in water solution is stated to contain 50 gm/ liter with an osmolarity of 270 mOsm/liter. The mathematics involved (50/180) yields an answer of 277 mOsm/liter.  Not sufficiently known to the medical profession is the fact that solutions containing only glucose, made for injection by USP standards, contain the monohydrate form of glucose rather than the anhydrous. Thus a 5% solution of glucose in water contains 45
Hemorrhagic Necrosis of the Gastrointestinal Tract and Its Relation to Cardiovascular Status
Authors: SI-CHUN MING
Journal: Circulation (1965)

Seventy-five cases of hemorrhagic necrosis of the gastrointestinal tract were analyzed and compared with the entire autopsy population as control. The disease occurred most frequently in association with shock, which was present in 80 per cent of the cases with the gastrointestinal lesions. The incidence of heart disease was higher in the cases of hemorrhagic necrosis than in the control group. The role of cardiac dysfunction in the etiology of hemorrhagic necrosis is emphasized as are the roles played by the bacterial toxins and shock. All three conditions have been shown to result in marked reduction of the intestinal blood flow and venous stasis. Hemorrhagic necrosis of the gastrointestinal tract probably represents a conglomeration of microinfarcts of the mucosa secondary to markedly decreased local blood flow. Vasopressor agents have produced no beneficial effect; the effect of vasodilators remains to be determined.
Health benefits of India's Total Sanitation Campaign are minimal, study finds
Authors: P. Pulla
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A study to measure the effectiveness of India’s Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC), a 15 year drive to eliminate open defecation across India, has found the health benefits in two central Indian districts to be minimal. 

Research published in PLoS Medicine 1 looked at 80 villages in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. The randomised and controlled trial looked at rates of access to and the use of latrines, the quality of drinking water, sanitation behaviour, and child health parameters in 40 villages where toilets were built as part of the campaign, and they compared them with 40 control villages that did not receive the intervention. 

The study—led by Sumeet R Patil, research director at NEERMAN, a Mumbai based nongovernmental health organisation—found a modest improvement in the use of latrines but little reduction in the occurrence of diarrhoea and other protozoan infections in children. It also found no major improvement in growth outcomes such …