tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Unrecognised psychiatric illness in medical patients
Authors: N. Kessel
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Unrecognised psychiatric illness in medical patients Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
A Survival-Adjusted Quantal-Response Test for Analysis of Tumor Incidence Rates in Animal Carcinogenicity Studies
Authors: Shyamal D. Peddada, Grace E. Kissling
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

In rodent cancer bioassays, groups of animals are exposed to different doses of a chemical of interest and followed for tumor occurrence. The resulting tumor rates are commonly analyzed using a survival-adjusted Cochran-Armitage (CA) trend test. The CA trend test has reasonable power when the tumor-response curve is linear in dose, but it may be underpowered for a nonlinear response. An alternative survival-adjusted test procedure based on isotonic regression methodology has previously been proposed. Although this alternative procedure performs well when the tumor response is nonlinear in dose, it has less power than the CA trend test when the response is linear in dose. Here, we introduce a new survival-adjusted test procedure that makes use of both the CA trend test and the isotonic regression-based trend test. Using a broad range of experimental conditions typical of National Toxicology Program (NTP) bioassays, we conducted extensive computer simulations to compare the false-positive error rate and power of the proposed procedure with the survival-adjusted CA trend test. The new procedure competes well with the survival-adjusted CA trend test when observed tumor rates are linear in dose and performs substantially better when observed tumor rates are nonlinear in dose. Further, the proposed trend test almost always has a smaller false-positive rate than does the survival-adjusted CA trend test. We also developed an order-restricted inference-based procedure for performing multiple pairwise comparisons between each of the dose groups and the control group. The trend test and the multiple pairwise comparisons test are demonstrated using an example from a study conducted by the NTP.
Electrophysiological properties of the human atrium in atrial fibrillation
Authors: A Shimizu
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

It has been reported that ectopic foci from the pulmonary veins can initiate atrial fibrillation (AF) and can also act as drivers for maintaining AF. However, not all patients with atrial arrhythmias initiate AF. A substrate for atrial propensity to AF is required for AF initiation and maintenance. Thus, we reviewed and discussed mainly the electrophysiological properties observed in AF. Abnormal atrial electrograms during sinus rhythm and abnormal responses of the atrium elicited by programmed stimulation have been observed more frequently in patients with paroxysmal AF than in those without. A shorter atrial effective refractory period, greater dispersion of the atrial refractoriness and atrial conduction delay are also of electrophysiologic significance in the genesis of AF. Electrical remodeling is likely to be a final common pathway that ultimately supervenes. Even if atrial electrical remodeling facilitates AF initiation and AF perpetuation, the initiation of AF requires a trigger. Further investigation into the electrophysiological properties in AF will be needed in order to contribute to the future development of an appropriate treatment.
How to obtain the P value from a confidence interval
Authors: D. G. Altman, J. M. Bland
Journal: BMJ (2011)

We have shown in a previous Statistics Note 1 how we can calculate a confidence interval (CI) from a P value. Some published articles report confidence intervals, but do not give corresponding P values. Here we show how a confidence interval can be used to calculate a P value, should this be required. This might also be useful when the P value is given only imprecisely (eg, as P<0.05). Wherever they can be calculated, we are advocates of confidence intervals as much more useful than P values, but we like to be helpful. The method is outlined in the box below in which we have distinguished two cases. #### Steps to obtain the P value from the CI for an estimate of effect ( Est ) ##### (a) P from CI for a difference
Involvement of Lyn and the Atypical Kinase SgK269/PEAK1 in a Basal Breast Cancer Signaling Pathway
Authors: David R. Croucher, Falko Hochgräfe, Luxi Zhang, Ling Liu, Ruth J. Lyons, Danny Rickwood, Carole M. Tactacan, Brigid C. Browne, Naveid Ali, Howard Chan, Robert Shearer, David Gallego-Ortega, Darren N. Saunders, Alexander Swarbrick, Roger J. Daly
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Basal breast cancer cells feature high expression of the Src family kinase Lyn that has been implicated in the pathogenicity of this disease. In this study, we identified novel Lyn kinase substrates, the most prominent of which was the atypical kinase SgK269 (PEAK1). In breast cancer cells, SgK269 expression associated with the basal phenotype. In primary breast tumors, SgK269 overexpression was detected in a subset of basal, HER2-positive, and luminal cancers. In immortalized MCF-10A mammary epithelial cells, SgK269 promoted transition to a mesenchymal phenotype and increased cell motility and invasion. Growth of MCF-10A acini in three-dimensional (3D) culture was enhanced upon SgK269 overexpression, which induced an abnormal, multilobular acinar morphology and promoted extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) and Stat3 activation. SgK269 Y635F, mutated at a major Lyn phosphorylation site, did not enhance acinar size or cellular invasion. We show that Y635 represents a Grb2-binding site that promotes both Stat3 and Erk activation in 3D culture. RNA interference-mediated attenuation of SgK269 in basal breast cancer cells promoted acquisition of epithelial characteristics and decreased anchorage-independent growth. Together, our results define a novel signaling pathway in basal breast cancer involving Lyn and SgK269 that offers clinical opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
Patterns of Declining Use and the Adverse Effect of Primary Androgen Deprivation on All-cause Mortality in Elderly Men with Prostate Cancer
Authors: Jesse D. Sammon, Firas Abdollah, Gally Reznor, Daniel Pucheril, Toni K. Choueiri, Jim C. Hu, Simon P. Kim, Marianne Schmid, Akshay Sood, Maxine Sun, Adam S. Kibel, Paul L. Nguyen, Mani Menon, Quoc-Dien Trinh
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Geographical miss during intracoronary irradiation: impact on restenosis and determination of required safety margin length
Authors: Bonni Syeda, Peter Siostrzonek, Rainer Schmid, Paul Wexberg, Christian Kirisits, Stefan Denk, Gilbert Beran, Ali Khorsand, Irene Lang, Boris Pokrajac, Richard Potter, Dietmar Glogar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Costs and effects of inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Authors: M P Rutten-van Mölken, E K Van Doorslaer, M C Jansen, H A Kerstjens, F F Rutten
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The objective of this study was to determine the costs and effects of combined bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory therapy. In a 2.5-yr randomized controlled study, combined beta 2-agonist/corticosteroid therapy (BA + CS) and combined beta 2-agonist/anticholinergic therapy (BA + AC) were compared with beta 2-agonist/placebo therapy (BA + PL). Included in the study were 274 patients 18 to 60 yr of age with moderately severe obstructive airways disease. The main clinical endpoints were lung function, hyperresponsiveness, restricted activity days, and symptom-free days. The economic endpoints were the costs of health care utilization. Compared with BA + PL, BA + CS led to significant improvements in FEV1, PC20, and symptom-free days. BA + AC did not differ from BA + PL in this respect. The respective annual acquisition costs of BA + CS, BA + AC, and BA + PL were 532 US$, 277 US$, and 156 US$. Thus, BA + CS costs 376 US$ more than BA + PL. However, compared with BA + PL therapy, BA + CS led to statistically significant savings in other health care costs of about 175 US$ (95% CI from 46 to 303 US$). Thus, more than half of the additional costs of adding the inhaled corticosteroid are compensated for by a reduction in the costs of other health care services. Overall, inhaled corticosteroids lead to a small but net increase in health care costs of 201 US$ per patient per year.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
THE PRESENT PLIGHT OF MEDICAL LITERATURE
Authors: S. O. WAIFE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1955)

Editorial1 October 1955THE PRESENT PLIGHT OF MEDICAL LITERATURES. O. WAIFE, M.D., F.A.C.P.S. O. WAIFE, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-43-4-908 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Excerpt"For let there be no mistake about it, this enormous proliferation, this pullulating and fungus-like growth is both a nuisance and a danger." (Hutchinson)1There seems to be general agreement that medical "literature" has reached a glut of such proportions that unless it is controlled we shall all drown in the flood. Some 16 years ago Sir Robert Hutchinson wrote: "Must we sit still and see science suffocated in its own secretions, or can we do anything to mitigate the evil?"1The approach to this problem should first involve some quantitative data. From an unofficial estimate by the Armed Forces...1 Hutchinson R: Medical literature, Lancet 2: 1059 (Nov. 18), 1939. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2 Grinnell ME: Personal communication. Google Scholar3 Dick WE: Science and the press, Impact (UNESCO) 5: 143 (Sept.), 1954. Google Scholar4 Bjorneboe J: Responsibility of the author and editor in preparing manuscripts for the press, World M. J. 1: 111 (Mar.), 1954. MedlineGoogle Scholar5 Hewitt RM: Exposition as applied to medicine, J. A. M. A. 156: 477 (Oct. 2), 1954. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByUse of key words as an adjunctive learning tool improves learning during a perioperative medicine rotation for anesthesiology residentsintegrating library services and continuing education. A selective dissemination project 1 October 1955Volume 43, Issue 4Page: 908-912KeywordsArmed forces Issue Published: 1 October 1955 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Overlapping High-Resolution Copy Number Alterations in Cancer Genomes Identified Putative Cancer Genes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Chian-Feng Chen, En-Chi Hsu, Kuen-Tyng Lin, Pang-Hsien Tu, Hung-Wei Chang, Chin-Hui Lin, Yann-Jang Chen, De-Leung Gu, Chi-Hung Lin, Jer-Yuarn Wu, Yuan-Tsong Chen, Ming-Ta Hsu, Yuh-Shan Jou
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Recurrent cancer genome aberrations are indicators of residing crucial cancer genes. Although recent advances in genomic technologies have led to a global view of cancer genome aberrations, the identification of target genes and biomarkers from the aberrant loci remains difficult. To facilitate searches of cancer genes in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we established a comprehensive protocol to analyze copy number alterations (CNAs) in cancer genomes using high-density single nucleotide polymorphism arrays with unpaired reference genomes. We identified common HCC genes by overlapping the shared aberrant loci in multiple cell lines with functional validation and clinical implications. A total of 653 amplicons and 57 homozygous deletions (HDs) were revealed in 23 cell lines. To search for novel HCC genes, we overlapped aberrant loci to uncover 6 HDs and 126 amplicons shared by at least two cell lines. We selected two novel genes, fibronectin type III domain containing 3B ( FNDC3B ) at the 3q26.3 overlapped amplicon and solute carrier family 29 member 2 ( SLC29A2 ) at the 11q13.2 overlapped amplicon, to investigate their aberrations in HCC tumorigenesis. Aberrant up-regulation of FNDC3B and SLC29A2 occurred in multiple HCC data sets. Knockdown of these genes in amplified cells decreased cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and tumor formation in xenograft models. Importantly, up-regulation of SLC29A2 in HCC tissues was significantly associated with advanced stages ( P = 0.0031), vascular invasion ( P = 0.0353), and poor patient survival ( P = 0.0325). Overexpression of FNDC3B or SLC29A2 in unamplified HCC cells promoted cell proliferation through activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway. Conclusion: A standardized genome-wide CNA analysis protocol using data from user-generated or public domains normalized with unpaired reference genomes has been established to facilitate high-throughput detection of cancer genes as significant target genes and biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and therapy. (Hepatology 2010)
Activation and priming of neutrophil nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and phospholipase A2 are dissociated by inhibitors of the kinases p42ERK2and p38SAPK and by methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate, the dual inhibitor of cytosolic and calcium-independent phospholipase A2
Authors: Elahe Mollapour, David C. Linch, Pamela J. Roberts
Journal: Blood (2001)
The Cost of Technology
Authors: Elizabeth Toll
Journal: JAMA (2020)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The immunoglobulin gene repertoire of low-count chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)–like monoclonal B lymphocytosis is different from CLL: diagnostic implications for clinical monitoring
Authors: Antonis Dagklis, Claudia Fazi, Cinzia Sala, Valeria Cantarelli, Cristina Scielzo, Roberto Massacane, Daniela Toniolo, Federico Caligaris-Cappio, Kostas Stamatopoulos, Paolo Ghia
Journal: Blood (2008)
I.D.F. in Stockholm — Sonic Booms — Enterprising Students — Your Department — Not Mine
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

DR. Rolf Luft, president of the Sixth International Diabetes Federation Congress at Stockholm, remarked at the Congress banquet held in the magnificent City Hall that he thought there might be a good case for a postcongress tolerance test. The remark was certainly apt. The banquet, beautifully served with a menu suitable for diabetic and nondiabetic diners alike, was followed by a remarkable entertainment in the form of a demonstration table-tennis match by 2 Swedish brothers — the world champion double table-tennis players — 1 of them, appropriately, being diabetic — while the guests themselves took their own postprandial exercise more . . .
Abstract 5760: 14-3-3zeta cooperates with ErbB2 to promote ductal carcinoma in situ progression to invasive breast cancer by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Authors: Jing Lu, Ping Li, Dihua Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract ErbB2, a metastasis-promoting oncoprotein, is overexpressed in approximately 25% of invasive/metastatic breast cancers, but in 50%-60% of noninvasive ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS). It has been puzzling how a subset of ErbB2-overexpressing DCIS develops into invasive breast cancer (IBC). We found that co-overexpression of 14-3-3zeta in ErbB2-overexpressing DCIS conferred a higher risk of progression to IBC. ErbB2 and 14-3-3zeta overexpression, respectively, increased cell migration and decreased cell adhesion, two prerequisites of tumor cell invasion. 14-3-3zeta overexpression reduced cell adhesion by activating the TGF-beta/Smads pathway that led to ZFHX1B/SIP-1 upregulation, E-cadherin loss, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Importantly, patients whose breast tumors overexpressed both ErbB2 and 14-3-3zeta had higher rates of metastatic recurrence and death than those whose tumors overexpressed only one. Therefore, we discovered that 14-3-3zeta overexpression is a “second hit” or “risk factor” facilitating a subset of ErbB2-overexpressing DCIS transition into IBC and identified molecular mechanisms/pathways through which ErbB2 and 14-3-3zeta co-overexpression promotes invasion. This study identified biomarkers that allow selection of high-risk DCIS patients for more aggressive treatments at early stages of cancer development, while saving low-risk patients from ablative clinical procedures. Moreover, it provided promising targets for future intervention strategies to prevent DCIS progression to IBC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5760.
Improving the prediction of the functional impact of cancer mutations by baseline tolerance transformation
Authors: Abel Gonzalez-Perez, Jordi Deu-Pons, Nuria Lopez-Bigas
Journal: Genome Medicine (2012)

High-throughput prioritization of cancer-causing mutations (drivers) is a key challenge of cancer genome projects, due to the number of somatic variants detected in tumors. One important step in this task is to assess the functional impact of tumor somatic mutations. A number of computational methods have been employed for that purpose, although most were originally developed to distinguish disease-related nonsynonymous single nucleotide variants (nsSNVs) from polymorphisms. Our new method, transformed Functional Impact score for Cancer (transFIC), improves the assessment of the functional impact of tumor nsSNVs by taking into account the baseline tolerance of genes to functional variants.
Oral contraceptive steroids as promoters or complete carcinogens for liver in female Sprague-Dawley rats.
Authors: J D Yager
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Published reports have described an increased incidence of adenomas and of hepatocellular carcinomas in livers of women with a history of long-term oral contraceptive use. Evidence derived from human and experimental animals suggests that oral contraceptive steroids may be liver tumor promoters. Experiments were designed to determine the initiating and/or promoting potential of two oral contraceptive steroids, namely mestranol and norethynodrel. The results show that: mestranol and norethynodrel can promote DEN-initiated hepatocarcinogenesis, as indicated by increased numbers of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-positive, putative preneoplastic lesions and by the appearance of carcinomas. Various synthetic estrogens fail to cause detectable levels of DNA damage in hepatocytes. Mestranol has weak, if any, initiating potential. Neither mestranol nor norethynodrel exhibits antiglucocorticoid activity. Mestranol and norethynodrel inhibit metabolic cooperation in V-79 Chinese hamster cells. Taken together, these results and those reported by others demonstrate that oral contraceptive steroids are relatively strong promoters of hepatocarcinogenesis and have little if any genotoxic effect.
Prevention of Plaque Rupture: A New Paradigm of Therapy
Authors: James S. Forrester
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Acute coronary syndromes--unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death--are caused by acute disruption of an unstable coronary atheroma. Unstable plaques have three histologic characteristics: a large lipid core, many inflammatory cells, and a thin fibrous cap. Because the unstable plaque is not necessarily obstructive, it may cause no symptoms before rupture. The cellular processes that lead to the characteristic histologic features of unstable plaque have recently been identified. This new understanding of the cell biology of plaque instability suggests new therapeutic strategies: passivation of the endothelium, reduction of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the vessel wall by decreasing serum LDL levels or accelerating reverse cholesterol transport, inhibition of LDL oxidation, inhibition of inflammatory cytokine expression, and inhibition of thrombus formation. Although the morbidity and mortality resulting from acute coronary disease have been reduced by more than 50% over the past 30 years, it is reasonable to anticipate further reductions of similar magnitude in the decade ahead.
How complete is a total parathyroidectomy in uraemia?
Authors: K Farrington, Z Varghese, M K Chan, O N Fernando, R A Baillod, P Sweny, J F Moorhead
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Revue de l'evolution chez 12 malades sous hemodialyse soumis a une parathyroidectomie totale. Disparition complete de toute fonction parathyroidienne dans 6 cas. Dans quelques cas cas cependant les concentrations d'hormone sont augmentees apres quelques annees, suggerant une reactivation de quelques vestiges de glandes. Il semble que l'etat uremique favorise cette reactivation
The Tumor Invasion Inhibitor Dihydromotuporamine C Activates RHO, Remodels Stress Fibers and Focal Adhesions, and Stimulates Sodium–Proton Exchange
Authors: Lianne M. McHardy, Ryan Sinotte, Armelle Troussard, Claire Sheldon, John Church, David E. Williams, Raymond J. Andersen, Shoukat Dedhar, Michel Roberge, Calvin D. Roskelley
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

The motuporamines are macrocyclic alkaloids that inhibit tumor cell invasion by an, as yet, unknown mechanism. A structure-activity study recently identified dihydromotuporamine C (dhMotC) as a highly active and readily synthesized analogue. Here, we show that dhMotC causes subtle cytoskeletal alterations in highly invasive MDA231 breast tumor cells that include an increase in the thickness and number of cytoplasmic actin stress fibers. Experiments with serum-starved Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts showed that micromolar concentrations of dhMotC that inhibit tumor cell invasion induce the formation of new stress fibers and large focal adhesion complexes that are dispersed around the entire cell periphery. dhMotC treatment of Swiss 3T3 cells also initiates a strong, long-lived activation of the small GTP-binding protein Rho, and it stimulates Rho kinase-dependent sodium-proton exchanger activity. Liposome-mediated cell loading of C3 exoenzyme prevents dhMotC-mediated Rho activation and stress fiber formation in 3T3 cells. C3 exoenzyme loading also reestablishes elongated MDA231 breast tumor cell invasion in the presence of dhMotC. Taken together, these results indicate that the ability to activate Rho is one important determinant of the anti-invasive activity of dhMotC.