tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rise in prevalence of autism in children continues to baffle researchers
Authors: Lisa Hitchen
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Despite three recent studies showing that the number of diagnoses of autism spectrum disorders has almost doubled in the last seven years to around 1% of children, researchers say that it is still impossible to say whether the rise is due to a genuine increase in the number of new cases or to other factors.

At an Open University conference on autism research in Milton Keynes, Tony Charman, professor of neurodevelopmental disorders at the Institute of Child Health in London, cited his research describing the rise ( Lancet 2006;368:210-5).

In the study Professor Charman and colleagues from Japan, …
"HYPERINSULINISM" AND "SPONTANEOUS HYPOGLYCEMIA"
Authors: E. H. RYNEARSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1941)

Editorial1 May 1941"HYPERINSULINISM" AND "SPONTANEOUS HYPOGLYCEMIA"E. H. RYNEARSONE. H. RYNEARSONSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-14-11-2157 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDuring recent years there have been two advances in our knowledge of hyperinsulinism. The first is the report of additional proved cases of this interesting condition; the second is the increasing insistence that the term hyperinsulinism be reserved for those cases in which there is proof that the symptoms are caused by the excessive production of endogenous insulin. In all other cases in which hypoglycemia is a finding the condition should be diagnosed as "spontaneous hypoglycemia"True hyperinsulinism is a rare disease. Frantz,1who recently reviewed the world literature, found only 96 cases in which the diagnosis had been...1 FRANTZ VK: Tumors of islet cells with hyperinsulinism; benign, malignant and questionable, Ann. Surg., 1940, cxii, 161. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2 MEAKINS JC: Hypoglycemia following encephalitis, Ann. Int. Med., 1940, cxiii, 1830. Google Scholar3 ADLERSBERGFRIEDMAN DR: Quoted by Meakins, J. C. Google Scholar4 RATHERYDÉROTSTERNE FMJ: Hypoglycémie dans deux cas d'hémorrhagie méningée sous-arachnoidienne, Bull. et mém. Soc. méd. d. hôp. de Paris, 1931, xlvii, 1578. Google Scholar5 BIRNBAUMWOOD LJA: Hypoglycemia as a cause of seizures in general paralysis, Med. Bull. Vet. Admin., 1938, xiv, 236. Google Scholar6 MATTHEWS MW: A study of the one dose three hour (standard) and the two dose one hour (Exton-Rose) glucose tolerance tests, Thesis, University of Minnesota, 1939. Google Scholar7 HARTLISA JFJR: The rate of occurrence of hypoglycemia; a study of 21, 000 routine fasting blood sugars, Endocrinology, 1940, xxvii, 19. CrossrefGoogle Scholar8 LEVINEGORDONDERICK SABCL: Some changes in the chemical constituents of the blood following a marathon race, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1924, lxxxii, 1778. CrossrefGoogle Scholar9 JOKL E: Sportärztliche Kasuistik, Klin. Wchnschr., 1933, xxii, 912. CrossrefGoogle Scholar10 MICHAEL P: Blood sugar studies on golfers, Jr. Am. Med. Assoc., 1940, cxv, 286. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1941Volume 14, Issue 11Page: 2157-2158KeywordsHyperinsulinemiaHypoglycemiaInsulin ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1941 PDF downloadLoading ...
Onychomycosis: Diagnosis and definition of cure
Authors: Richard K. Scher, Amir Tavakkol, Bárdur Sigurgeirsson, Roderick J. Hay, Warren S. Joseph, Antonella Tosti, Philip Fleckman, Mahmoud Ghannoum, David G. Armstrong, Bryan C. Markinson, Boni E. Elewski
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2007)
Rethinking Aging: Growing Old and Living Well in an Overtreated Society
Authors: Clifton K. Meador
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Avoiding invasive mechanical ventilation by extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal in patients failing noninvasive ventilation
Authors: Stefan Kluge, Stephan A. Braune, Markus Engel, Axel Nierhaus, Daniel Frings, Henning Ebelt, Alexander Uhrig, Maria Metschke, Karl Wegscheider, Norbert Suttorp, Simone Rousseau
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2012)
Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A and Its Endogenous Inhibitor, the Proform of Eosinophil Major Basic Protein (proMBP), Are Related to Complex Stenosis Morphology in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris
Authors: Juan Cosin-Sales, Michael Christiansen, Paul Kaminski, Claus Oxvig, Michael T. Overgaard, Della Cole, David W. Holt, Juan Carlos Kaski
Journal: Circulation (2004)

The metalloproteinase pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) has been implicated in coronary plaque disruption. Its endogenous inhibitor, the proform of eosinophil major basic protein (proMBP), may also play a role in this process. Atheromatous plaque disruption often presents as complex angiographic lesions. We sought to assess whether PAPP-A, proMBP, and PAPP-A/ProMBP ratio are markers of angiographic plaque complexity in patients with chronic stable angina.We studied 396 stable angina patients (age 63+/-10 years, 230 men) of whom 289 had angiographically documented coronary artery disease (> or =75% stenosis). All coronary stenoses > or =30% diameter reduction (n =531 in 322 patients) were assessed and classified as complex (n =228) or smooth (n =303) by previously validated criteria. PAPP-A, proMBP, and C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) serum levels were measured by ELISA. Patients with complex coronary stenoses had a significantly (P<0.001) higher PAPP-A/proMBP ratio (3.1+/-1.2 versus 2.7+/-0.8x10(-3)) and PAPP-A levels (5.9+/-1.6 versus 5.1+/-1.4 mIU/L) than those without. On univariate analysis, male gender (P<0.001), age (P<0.001), previous history of myocardial infarction (P=0.013), reduced ejection fraction (P<0.001), severe coronary artery disease (P<0.001), aspirin treatment (P<0.001), PAPP-A levels (P<0.001), and PAPP-A/proMBP ratio (P<0.001) were correlated with the number of complex stenoses. Multiple regression analysis showed that male gender, age, severe coronary artery disease, and PAPP-A/proMBP ratio were independent predictors of the number of angiographically complex stenoses.In patients with stable angina, PAPP-A and PAPP-A/proMBP ratio are associated with angiographic plaque complexity.
Cell-mediated immunity in Sjogren's syndrome.
Authors: H Berry, P A Bacon, J D Davis
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1972)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Gene expression regulation by transcription factors (TF) has long been studied, but no model exists yet that can accurately predict transcriptome profiles based on TF activities. We have constructed a universal predictor for Arabidopsis to predict the expression of 28192 non-TF genes using 1678 TFs. Applied to bulk RNA-Seq samples from diverse tissues, the predictor produced accurate predicted transcriptomes correlating well with actual expression, with average correlation coefficient of 0.986. Having recapitulated the quantitative relationships between TFs and target genes, the predictor further enabled downstream inference of TF regulators for genes and pathways, i.e. those involved in suberin, flavonoid, glucosinolate metabolism, lateral root, xylem, secondary cell wall development, and endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Our predictor provides an innovative approach to study transcriptional regulation.
Evaluation of commercial skin prick test solutions for selected occupational allergens
Authors: V. van Kampen, F. de Blay, I. Folletti, P. Kobierski, G. Moscato, M. Olivieri, S. Quirce, J. Sastre, J. Walusiak‐Skorupa, N. Kotschy‐Lang, H. Müsken, V. Mahler, S. Schliemann, U. Ochmann, J. Sültz, M. Worm, I. Sander, E. Zahradnik, T. Brüning, R. Merget, M. Raulf‐Heimsoth
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Skin prick testing (SPT) is an important step in the diagnosis of IgE-mediated occupational allergic diseases. The outcome of SPT is related to the quality of allergen extracts. Thus, the aim of the study was to assess different commercially available SPT solutions for selected occupational allergens.SPT was performed in 116 bakers, 47 farmers and 33 subjects exposed to natural rubber latex (NRL), all with work-related allergic symptoms. The SPT solutions from different manufacturers (n = 3-5) for wheat flour, rye flour, soy, cow hair/dander, storage mites (Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Lepidoglyphus destructor, Acarus siro) and NRL were analysed with respect to their protein and antigen contents. SPT was carried out in 16 allergy centres in six European countries using standardized procedures. Specific IgE values were used as the gold standard to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of SPT solutions. The optimal cut-point for each SPT solution was determined by Youden Index.Protein and antigen contents and patterns of the SPT solutions varied remarkably depending on the manufacturer. While SPT solutions for wheat flour and soy reached overall low sensitivities, sensitivities of other tested SPT solutions depended on the manufacturer. As a rule, solutions with higher protein and antigen content showed higher sensitivities and test efficiencies.There is a wide variability of SPT solutions for occupational allergens, and the sensitivity of several solutions is low. Thus, improvement and standardization of SPT solutions for occupational allergens is essential.
CLASSIFICATION AND DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF THE ANEMIAS
Authors: RUSSELL L. HADEN
Journal: JAMA (1935)

An anemia is a decrease in the hemoglobin of the blood below the limit of normal. Since hemoglobin is contained only in the red blood cell, an anemia must result from quantitative or qualitative changes in the erythrocytes. The erythrocyte count may be low or the amount of hemoglobin per cell may be decreased. Red blood cells are always being formed and destroyed rapidly, so that the entire mass of cells is replaced every two to six weeks. An anemia results from a disturbance in the normal balance between destruction and regeneration of erythrocytes and hemoglobin. The red blood cells are formed primarily from the endothelial cells lining the capillary spaces in the bone marrow, especially of the flat bones. Successive stages in the growth of an erythrocyte from the endothelial cell include the megaloblast, erythroblast, normoblast, reticulocyte and mature erythrocyte. Red blood cells in the circulation do not all
<i>N</i> -Acetylcysteine in Combination With Nitroglycerin and Streptokinase for the Treatment of Evolving Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Margaret A. Arstall, Jeifu Yang, Irene Stafford, W. Henry Betts, John D. Horowitz
Journal: Circulation (1995)

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been shown to potentiate the effects of nitroglycerin (NTG) and to have antioxidant activity. This is the first study to assess the safety and effect of NAC in the treatment of evolving acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Patients with AMI received either 15 g NAC infused over 24 hours (n = 20) or no NAC (n = 7), combined with intravenous NTG and streptokinase. Peripheral venous plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione concentrations, and rate of reperfusion (using continuous ST-segment analysis) were measured. Cardiac catheterization was performed between days 2 and 5. No significant adverse events occurred. Less oxidative stress occurred in patients treated with NAC than in patients not receiving NAC (GSH to GSSG ratio 44 +/- 25 versus 19 +/- 13 at 4 hours, P < .05). NAC concentration (mean 172 +/- 79 mumol/L at 4 hours) was correlated to GSH concentration (P = .006). MDA concentrations were lower (P = .001) over the first 8 hours of treatment with NAC. There was a trend toward more rapid reperfusion (median 58 minutes, 95% confidence interval [CI] 48 to 98 minutes versus median 95 minutes, 95% CI 59 to 106 minutes; P = .17) and better preservation of left ventricular function (cardiac index 3.4 +/- 0.8 versus 2.6 +/- 0.27 L.min.m2, P = .009) with NAC treatment.NAC in combination with NTG and streptokinase appeared to be safe for the treatment of evolving AMI and was associated with significantly less oxidative stress, a trend toward more rapid reperfusion, and better preservation of left ventricular function.
MALARIA IN SAN FRANCISCO
Authors: LeROY H. BRIGGS
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Thanks to the better organization of health boards and the awakening of the public to the fact that the presence of a preventable disease represents a criminal waste of money, malaria is yearly becoming less frequent. For several years it has been noticed that the occurrence of a case in the wards or in the clinic arouses great interest among the students, and the day seems not far distant when we shall have considerable difficulty in teaching by bedside and microscope the natural history of malaria in all but a very few medical schools. This is unfortunate, for there still are rural districts in California and in other states where malaria constitutes a fair proportion of every-day medical practice, and lack of familiarity with the parasite is a very real handicap to the conscientious physician. For the last ten years I have been interested in the disease as it has
Inflammatory response to liver fluke<i>Opisthorchis viverrini</i>in mice depends on host master coregulator MTA1, a marker for parasite-induced cholangiocarcinoma in humans
Authors: Sujit S. Nair, Anitha Bommana, Suresh B. Pakala, Kazufumi Ohshiro, Amanda J. Lyon, Sutas Suttiprapa, Maria V. Periago, Thewarach Laha, Peter J. Hotez, Jeffrey M. Bethony, Banchob Sripa, Paul J. Brindley, Rakesh Kumar
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Based on the recently established role for the master coregulator MTA1 and MTA1-containing nuclear remodeling complexes in oncogenesis and inflammation, we explored the links between parasitism by the carcinogenic liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini and this coregulator using both an Mta1(-/-) mouse model of infection and a tissue microarray of liver fluke-induced human cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs). Intense foci of inflammation and periductal fibrosis in the liver and kidneys of wild-type Mta1(+/+) mice were evident at 23 days postinfection with O. viverrini. In contrast, little inflammatory response was observed in the same organs of infected Mta1(-/-) mice. Livers of infected Mta1(+/+) mice revealed strong up-regulation of fibrosis-associated markers such as cytokeratins 18 and 19 and annexin 2, as determined both by immunostaining and by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction compared with infected Mta1(-/-) mice. CD4 expression was up-regulated by infection in the livers of both experimental groups; however, its levels were several-fold higher in the Mta1(+/+) mice than in infected Mta1(-/-) mice. Mta1(-/-) infected mice also exhibited significantly higher systemic and hepatic levels of host cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-12p70, IL-10, and interferon-γ compared with the levels of these cytokines in the Mta1(+/+) mice, suggesting an essential role of MTA1 in the cross-regulation of the Th1 and Th2 responses, presumably due to chromatin remodeling of the target chromatin genes. Immunohistochemical analysis of ≈ 300 liver tissue cores from confirmed cases of O. viverrini-induced CCA showed that MTA1 expression was elevated in >80% of the specimens.These findings suggest that MTA1 status plays an important role in conferring an optimal cytokine response in mice following infection with O. viverrini and is a major player in parasite-induced CCA in humans.
Abstract 315: Human metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (GRM1) may be essential for melanoma cell survival and activation of angiogenic signaling
Authors: Yu Wen, Jiadong Li, Seung-Shick Shin, Suzie Chen, James Goydos
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Our group has demonstrated that ectopic expression of murine GRM1 results in transformation of mouse melanocyte cells, and we have found that human GRM1 is ectopically expressed in more than 60% human melanomas. We recently reported on the results of a Phase 0 preclinical trial targeting GRM1 signaling using a glutamate release-inhibitor, Riluzole. We demonstrated inhibition of signaling through the PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathways and a reduction in tumor size in 40% of patients treated. To better examine the mechanisms of Riluzole treatment effect and to begin to understand the function of GRM1 signal transduction in melanoma, cell lines that over-express GRM1 (UACC903 G2 and UACC903G4) were constructed using the native, low GRM1-expressing, UACC903 human melanoma cell line. We found that UACC903G2 and G4 cells produce elevated levels of GRM1 and were much more sensitive to treatment with 25uM Riluzole than the vector transfected control cell line UACC903V1. We also found that UACC903G2 and G4 cells produced much larger tumors in nude mice than the vector control cells. Tumors formed by UACC903G2 and G4 xenografts also do not demonstrate areas of hemorrhage necrosis as is found in UACC903V1 xenografts, and there are significantly more tumor blood vessels in the GRM1-overexpressing xenograft tumors. To confirm the angiogenic effect of GRM1 over-expression in UACC903 cells, an endothelial cell migration assay was performed. We found that culturing UACC903G2 and G4 cells in serum-free basic medium stimulated HMVECnd endothelial cell migration, an effect not seen with the vector control UACC903V1 cells. We next examined whether increased GRM1 expression in UACC903 cells resulted in the release of angiogenesis factor(s) from these cells. An angiogenesis antibody array (from Affymetrix) experiment was performed and we found that the conditioned medium from UACC903G2 and G4 cells had significantly higher levels of IL8 and VEGF (angiogenesis promoters), but decreased level of TIMP-2 and TIMP-1 (angiogenesis inhibitors) as compared to the conditioned medium from the UACC903V1 vector control cells. We conclude that over-expression of human GRM1 promotes proliferation, activates angiogenesis signaling, and renders cells more susceptible to the inhibitory effects of the glutamate-release inhibitor Riluzole. Further experiments examining the molecular mechanism of GRM1 in cell survival and angiogenesis are need to better understand the mechanisms at work. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 315. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-315
Surely a natural cancer remedy can't be dangerous: Author's reply
Authors: J. S Tobias
Journal: BMJ (1990)

injection of prostaglandin F,,, or hyperosmolar glucose can be used with considerable success.Prostaglandin F2,, increases tubal smooth muscle motility and causes powerful contractions,4 which explains its mode of action.Hyperosmolar glucose is thought to act as a noxious agent, dehydrating the cells and causing necrobiosis and thus ending the ectopic gestation.Although methotrexate and prostaglandins are associated with side effects, none were found when hyperosmolar glucose was used.'In this group subsequent hysterosalpingography showed that seven of the eight patients had normal tubal configuration and patency, and three later had a normal intrauterine pregnancy.
The CD44 Receptor Interacts with P-Glycoprotein to Promote Cell Migration and Invasion in Cancer
Authors: Karl E. Miletti-González, Shiling Chen, Neelakandan Muthukumaran, Giuseppa N. Saglimbeni, Xiaohua Wu, Jinming Yang, Kevin Apolito, Weichung J. Shih, William N. Hait, Lorna Rodríguez-Rodríguez
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Invasion and metastases of cancer cells and the development of resistance to anticancer therapies are the main causes of morbidity and mortality from cancer. For more than two decades, these two important but not clearly related aspects in the biology of cancer have been extensively studied. Specifically, P-glycoprotein and CD44 have been characterized and are known to be determinants of multidrug resistance (MDR) and metastases. Despite this body of knowledge, few reports have linked the two phenotypes and only recently have there been reasons to suspect a direct connection. In this report, we show that a novel physical and genetic interaction between CD44s and P-glycoprotein is in part responsible for the correlation between MDR and invasive potential in cancer cells. P-glycoprotein–specific substrates that interfere with its function reduced in vitro invasion, migration, and the physical colocalization of CD44s and P-glycoprotein. CD44 expression in sensitive cells promoted the expression of P-glycoprotein and the MDR phenotype. RNA interference of MDR1 inhibited the rate of cell migration. These data indicate that there is a close interaction between CD44 and P-glycoprotein that results in the concurrent expression and modulation of two malignant phenotypes, invasion and MDR.
Outcomes that matter to patients
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2012)

There’s no shortage of examples of clinicians and patients being misled by surrogate outcomes. In some cases the results have been catastrophic. Last year Ray Moynihan reminded us that back in the 1980s flecainide, prized for its effect on reducing arrhythmias, killed tens of thousands of patients ( BMJ 2011;342:d5160). Citing the 2010 report from the US Institute of Medicine, which urged much greater caution in how we use surrogates, Moynihan called for a shift “from numbers to people” so that patients and doctors stop mistaking “a numerical benefit for a genuine one.”

Now John Yudkin, Kasia Lipska, and Victor Montori join the …