tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Weight changes and health in Cuba
Authors: W. C. Willett
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Learning from hardship

Changes in food supplies and reductions in physical activity are fueling increases in overweight and obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease worldwide.1 We have had few opportunities to see a reversal of this process, which is continuing inexorably almost everywhere. One such opportunity was provided by the well developed public health surveillance systems in Cuba, which were maintained during a period of serious economic hardship in the early 1990s. In a linked study (doi:10.1136/bmj.f1515), Franco and colleagues used these systems to look at the effects of reduced energy intake and increased physical activity on body weight and the occurrence of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and death.2

In Cuba, decreased food availability and increased physical activity, supported by the distribution of more than a million bicycles during 1991 to 1995, led to an average 5.5 kg reduction in weight over five years, shifting the whole population distribution of weight downwards. Predictably, a profound and almost immediate reduction in the incidence of diabetes occurred, and a striking decline in cardiovascular mortality began, with a lag of about five years. These findings …
WAR WOUNDS AND AIR RAID CASUALTIES
Authors: H. S. Souttar
Journal: BMJ (1939)

TIIE CANADiAN MICAL ASSOCIuION JouiNAL ological mechanisms involved and their causation, and the most modern methods (endoscopy) available for their diagnoses and treatment, these authors have taken the best and presented it in a manner which is both comprehensive and useful.This book is sincerely recommended to the think- ing laryngologist and his colleague, the general practitioner.
Impaired urinary concentration after vasopressin and its gradual correction in hypothalamic diabetes insipidus
Authors: Avery R. Harrington, Heinz Valtin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

This study utilized rates with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (D.I.) in order to explore possible mechanisms which prevent full urinary concentration after acute administration of vasopressin in hypothalamic D.I. and which correct this concentrating defect with prolonged therapy.
Smoking and Blood Changes
Authors: Takashi Okuno
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In his answer to the question, "Cigarette Smoking and Secondary Polycythemia" (224:1654, 1973), Wasserman mentioned some of the mechanisms in which the red blood cell (RBC) mass is increased in smokers. Although he states that an increased RBC mass is due to increased number of RBCs, a study made by our laboratory with the use of electronic counting appears to indicate that the increased RBC mass is mainly due to an increased volume (mean corpuscular volume [MCV]) rather than the number (RBC count) of the erythrocytes. Table 1 shows the results of the study. The study is made on samples from 108 male blood donors aged 20 to 39 years. Blood donors of this group are chosen because the previous studies indicate that the MCV is influenced by the sex and age.<sup>1,2</sup> There are significant differences between smokers and nonsmokers in all parameters of the erythrocyte
Hemoglobin McKees Rocks (alpha2beta2145Tyr leads to Term). A human "nonsense" mutation leading to a shortened beta-chain.
Authors: R M Winslow, M L Swenberg, E Gross, P A Chervenick, R R Buchman, W F Anderson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

The first example of the premature termination of a polypeptide chain in man appears to be Hb McKees Rocks, beta145 Tyr leads to Term, discovered in polycythemic members of a Caucasian family. Point mutation has apparently occurred at the codon for Tyr beta145 from UAU to a "nonsense" codon, UAA or UAG, resulting in a shortened polypeptide chain with Lys 144 as its carboxyl-terminal amino acid. Evidence for this structural conclusion is the absence of tryptic peptide betaT-15 from "fingerprints" of the abnormal beta-chain, the finding of C-terminal Lys, and the similarity between the functional properties of this variant hemoglobin and those of des Tyr (145)-His(146)beta hemoglobin resulting from carboxypeptidase-A digestion of normal human hemoglobin. Hb McKees Rocks has markedly abnormal properties: its oxygen affinity is the highest of the human variants described to date; its Bohr effect is reduced; it is devoid of subunit cooperativity; and it is unaffected by 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid. These properties are probably the consequences of decreased stability of the T quaternary conformation and are partially restored in the presence of the strong allosteric effector inositol hexaphosphate.
Confidentiality for doctors with AIDS. Conflict between patient's and doctors' rights.
Authors: K N Foster, J G Paterson
Journal: BMJ (1993)

should be planned by the Department of Health and not left to the whims of the market and various empire builders.Only when 12-14 large paediatric intensive care units (with 14-16 beds) provide the service-appropriately sited around Britain in association with the other major paediatric subspecialties-will critically ill children get a better deal.
The Akt pathway regulates survival and homing in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
Authors: Xavier Leleu, Xiaoying Jia, Judith Runnels, Hai T. Ngo, Anne-Sophie Moreau, Mena Farag, Joel A. Spencer, Costas M. Pitsillides, Evdoxia Hatjiharissi, Aldo Roccaro, Garrett O'Sullivan, Douglas W. McMillin, Daisy Moreno, Tanyel Kiziltepe, Ruben Carrasco, Steven P. Treon, Teru Hideshima, Kenneth C. Anderson, Charles P. Lin, Irene M. Ghobrial
Journal: Blood (2007)
The significance of early ST-segment resolution after treatment with aspirin in patients assigned to primary angioplasty
Authors: Shlomi Matetzky, Victor Guetta, Ilan Goldenberg, Oren Agranat, Yedael Har-Zahav, Elio DiSegni, David Varon, Michael Eldar, Hanoch Hod
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
THE IDENTIFICATION CARDS OF THE U. S. ARMY.
Authors: CHARLES SMART
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Every recruit enlisted in the U. S. Army, besides being examined as to his physical qualifications to undertake military duty, is subjected to a careful scrutiny for scars, moles, tattooings and other permanent marks on his person by which his identification may at any time be determined. These are recorded in their proper locality on a card bearing a front and back view, in outline, of the human figure. The card of each recruit, as soon as completed, is forwarded to the Surgeon-General's Office, where it is compared with the cards of the deserters, ex-military convicts and other undesirable men that have been filed in the office during the past six years. Should the result of this comparison be favorable to the man, his card is then placed in an alphabetical file and there continues until the honorable termination of his service. The office of the Surgeon-General thus contains an
Experimental Studies of Marihuana
Authors: LINCOLN D. CLARK, EDWIN N. NAKASHIMA
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

The study reported here, designed to extend knowledge of the behavioral toxicity of marihuana, illustrates some of the problems involved in measuring the effects of such drugs. A number of performance tests proved insensitive to marihuana in the doses used. Effects on complex reaction time and on digit code memory tasks were impaired, but there were marked individual differences.
Highly Potent Bactericidal Activity of Porous Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Wenjuan Zhuang, Daqiang Yuan, Jian‐Rong Li, Zhiping Luo, Hong‐Cai Zhou, Sajid Bashir, Jingbo Liu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Abstract Recent outbreaks of bacterial infection leading to human fatalities have been a motivational force for us to develop antibacterial agents with high potency and long‐term stability. A novel cobalt (Co) based metal‐organic framework (MOF) was tested and shown to be highly effective at inactivating model microorganisms. Gram‐negative bacteria, Escherichia coli (strains DH5alpha and XL1‐Blue) were selected to determine the antibacterial activities of the Co MOF. In this MOF, the Co serves as a central element and an octa‐topic carboxylate ligand, tetrakis [(3,5‐dicarboxyphenyl)‐oxamethyl] methane (TDM 8− ) serves as a bridging linker. X‐ray crystallographic studies indicate that Co‐TDM crystallizes in tetragonal space group P $\overline 4$ 2 1 m with a porous 3D framework. The potency of the Co‐TDM disinfectant was evaluated using a minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) benchmark and was determined to be 10–15 ppm within a short incubation time period (&lt;60 min). Compared with previous work using silver nanoparticles and silver‐modified TiO 2 nano‐ composites over the same time period, the MBC and effectiveness of Co‐TDM are superior. Electron microscopy images indicate that the Co‐TDM displayed distinctive grain boundaries and well‐developed reticulates. The Co active sites rapidly catalyzed the lipid peroxidation, causing rupture of the bacterial membrane followed by inactivation, with 100% recycling and high persistence (&gt;4 weeks). This MOF‐based approach may lead to a new paradigm for MOF applications in diverse biological fields due to their inherent porous structure, tunable surface functional groups, and adjustable metal coordination environments.
Acute Airway Obstruction and Pulmonary Edema
Authors: Barbara J. Hurlbert
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with interest the article, "Pulmonary Edema as a Complication of Acute Airway Obstruction" by Oswalt, Gates, and Holmstrom (238:1833, 1977). I was somewhat surprised to see the authors' statement that to their knowledge this condition has not been previously reported in the English literature. Airway obstruction leading to decreased intrathoracic pressure has been taught for many years by anesthesiologists as a common cause of pulmonary edema. It has been discussed in the English literature by Comroe et al,<sup>1</sup>Cherniack et al,<sup>2</sup>and Redding.<sup>3</sup>Comroe et al<sup>1</sup>considered this cause of decreased intrathoracic pressure as one of the four basic causes of pulmonary edema. I recommend these texts to the authors and interested readers as a review of this well-known and accepted basic cause of pulmonary edema. Decreased intrathoracic pressure caused by various forms of airway obstruction is being taught to the
Early and late effect of neonatal hypo- and hyperthyroidism on coronary capillary geometry and long-term heart function in rat
Authors: Marcia I. Heron, Frantisek Kolar, Frantisek Papousek, Karel Rakusan
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Objective: The aim of the present study was two-fold: (1) to examine the effect of hyper- and hypothyroidism on the developing coronary capillary network in neonatal rats, and (2) to determine in adult rats that had re-established euthyroid status whether long-term changes in capillary geometry or cardiac function had been induced by either neonatal thyroid condition. Method: Two-day-old rats were treated every other day for 12 or 28 days with either 3,3′,5-triiodo-l-thyronine or 0.05% 6-n-propylthiouracil. After this time, treatment was stopped and in two-thirds of the rats morphometric examination of capillary geometry and immunohistochemical detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in endothelial cell nuclei were conducted. Remaining rats were weaned and grew to 80 days of age, at which time persistent changes in capillary geometry, PCNA expression, and cardiac function were assessed. Results: Neonatal hyperthyroidism induced cardiomegaly (P < 0.01), whereas neonatal hypothyroidism attenuated cardiac growth (P < 0.01). Capillary numerical density, capillary segment lengths, and PCNA-labelling analysis indicated marked capillary growth in hyperthyroid rats (P < 0.05), but attenuated capillary growth in hypothyroid rats. The elicited capillary growth response appeared to be more dependent on altered tissue maturation than on cardiac growth rate. After discontinuing treatment both neonatal thyroid conditions induced a deficit in left ventricular growth (P < 0.01). Furthermore, neonatal hyperthyroidism appeared to inhibit subsequent capillary growth in distal regions of the capillary bed in addition to inducing lasting positive chronotropic and inotropic effects on cardiac function (P < 0.05). Neonatal hypothyroidism did not produce any lasting changes in capillarization or in cardiac function. Conclusions: Results suggest that neonatal thyroid status influences early growth and development of the coronary capillary network, possibly by regulating tissue maturation, as well as inducing lasting effects on subsequent cardiac and capillary growth and heart function.
Incidence of Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Detection of HIV in Myocardial Cells of HIV-Positive Patients
Authors: G Barbaro, G Di Lorenzo, B Grisorio, G Barbarini
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is increasingly recognized as an important cause of dilated cardiomyopathy. However, the pathogenesis of the heart-muscle disease in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is unclear.We performed a prospective, long-term clinical and echocardiographic follow-up study of 952 asymptomatic HIV-positive patients to assess the incidence of dilated cardiomyopathy and to analyze the clinical variables associated with the development of cardiomyopathy. All patients with an echocardiographic diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy underwent endomyocardial biopsy for histologic, immunohistologic, and virologic assessment.During a mean (+/-SD) follow-up period of 60+/-5.3 months, an echocardiographic diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy was made in 76 patients (8 percent), with a mean annual incidence rate of 15.9 cases per 1000 patients. The incidence of dilated cardiomyopathy was higher in patients with a CD4 count of less than 400 cells per cubic millimeter (as compared with a CD4 count of > or =400 cells per cubic millimeter) and in those who received therapy with zidovudine. A histologic diagnosis of myocarditis was made in 63 of the patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (83 percent). Inflammatory infiltrates were predominantly composed of CD3 and CD8 lymphocytes, with staining for major histocompatibility complex class I antigens in 71 percent of the patients. In the myocytes of 58 patients, HIV nucleic acid sequences were detected by in situ hybridization, and active myocarditis was documented in 36 of the 58. Among these 36 patients, 6 were also infected with coxsackievirus group B (17 percent), 2 with cytomegalovirus (6 percent), and 1 with Epstein-Barr virus (3 percent).Dilated cardiomyopathy may be related either to a direct action of HIV on the myocardial tissue or to an autoimmune process induced by HIV, possibly in association with other cardiotropic viruses.
Serum sickness‐like syndrome associated with minocycline therapy
Authors: J. Puyana, V. Urena, S. Qyirce, M. Fernandez‐Rivas, M. Cuevas, J. Fraj
Journal: Allergy (1990)

A 19 year‐old youth was taking oral minocycline and after 8 days he presented all four cardinal symptoms of serum sickness (urticaria, iewer, lymphadenopathy and joint symptoms). C 3 , C 4 and CH 50 evolution imitate experimental serum sickness complement evolution. We exclude other causes of this syndrome. Although other hypersensitivity reactions have occurred with minocycline usage, to our knowledge serum sickness‐like syndrome has not been previously reported with this drug.
Treatment of dermatitis herpetiformis with cholestyramine
Authors: WALTER B. SHELLEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Journal Article Treatment of dermatitis herpetiformis with cholestyramine Get access WALTER B. SHELLEY WALTER B. SHELLEY Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 103, Issue 6, 1 December 1980, Pages 663–666, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1980.tb01689.x Published: 01 December 1980
Abstract B36: Understanding the mechanisms underlying recurrence of malignant gliomas after antiangiogenesis treatment
Authors: Nahir Cortes Santiago, Konrad Gabrusiewicz, Dan Liu, Mohammed B. Hossain, Charles Conrad, Juan Fueyo, Candelaria Gomez-Manzano
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Anti-angiogenesis therapies, in particular bevacizumab, are currently offered to patients with malignant gliomas given strong preclinical and clinical data supporting its effectiveness. However, evidence gathered in the literature shows that upon bevacizumab treatment patients will invariably recur with highly invasive tumors resistant to all available therapies. The purpose of the study we have undertaken is to understand the underlying mechanisms involved in this enhanced malignancy with the aim to uncover new combined therapeutic strategies for these patients. Using tissue obtained from glioma bearing mice treated with bevacizumab or control treatment, we have obtained evidence that upon anti-VEGF treatment, a population of Tie2-expressing cells is recruited to the tumor particularly around areas of invasion. Further characterization of this population demonstrated that a significant proportion of these cells are of myeloid origin, Tie2-expressing monocytes or TEMs. Through the use of an M2 polarized culture as well as TEMs obtained from blood of healthy donors we have gathered data supporting that this myeloid cell population has high expression of several transcripts of molecules associated with invasion as well as a much higher secretion of MMP2 and MMP9 than their Tie2 negative counterparts. In an attempt to understand the changes within the tumor microenvironment after anti-VEGF therapy, immunohistochemical analysis for expression of several molecules associated with angiogenesis was performed. Results obtained identified angiopoietin 2 (Ang2), a Tie2 ligand, as being dramatically increased after therapy. Interestingly, our in vitro and in vivo data show that Ang2 serves as a chemo-attractant molecule to TEMs and therefore could be the main molecule responsible for their recruitment into the tumors following anti-VEGF treatment. We gathered preliminary data on the enhanced presence of TEMs as well as higher levels of MMP9 in human surgical samples after bevacizumab treatment. Our data strongly supports a strong influence of TEMs and Ang2 in the recurrent phenotype of gliomas after anti-VEGF therapy. Further studies aim to understand the extent to which targeting Ang2 specifically and the Ang/Tie2 pathway in general, in combination with anti-VEGF therapy, will lead to improved outcomes. Citation Format: Nahir Cortes Santiago, Konrad Gabrusiewicz, Dan Liu, Mohammed B. Hossain, Charles Conrad, Juan Fueyo, Candelaria Gomez-Manzano. Understanding the mechanisms underlying recurrence of malignant gliomas after antiangiogenesis treatment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B36.
Towards an improved investment approach for an effective response to HIV/AIDS
Authors: Bernhard Schwartländer, John Stover, Timothy Hallett, Rifat Atun, Carlos Avila, Eleanor Gouws, Michael Bartos, Peter D Ghys, Marjorie Opuni, David Barr, Ramzi Alsallaq, Lori Bollinger, Marcelo de Freitas, Geoffrey Garnett, Charles Holmes, Ken Legins, Yogan Pillay, Anderson Eduardo Stanciole, Craig McClure, Gottfried Hirnschall, Marie Laga, Nancy Padian
Journal: The Lancet (2011)
Increased response of erythroid progenitors to interleukin‐3 in sickle cell anemia: CFU‐E‐like behavior of circulating erythroid progenitors in liquid culture
Authors: Keiichi Isoyama, Surendra Baliga, Arvind Shah, Vipul N. Mankad
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract Erythroid progenitors circulating in peripheral blood and their response to erythropoietin (EPO), interleukin‐3 (IL3), and phytohemagglutinin‐stimulated, lymphocyte‐conditioned medium (PHALCM) were assessed in sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients and controls. SCA patients have significantly higher numbers of circulating burst‐forming unit–erythroid (BFU‐E) compared with controls (mean ± SEM, 940.27 ± 129.11 per ml and 86.56 ± 19.74 per ml, respectively; P &lt; 0.0001). At low doses of EPO, BFU‐E‐derived colonies were significantly increased in SCA patients compared with controls (each P &lt; 0.05). The EPO dose required to produce 50% of maximum colony numbers was 47 times greater in control subjects than in SCA patients. Moreover, in 11 of 17 patients with SCA, spontaneous BFU‐E‐derived colonies were formed without added erythropoietin. This phenomenon was not observed in control subjects ( P = 0.035). PHALCM developed from mononuclear cells of SCA patients had significantly greater stimulatory effect than did that derived from controls regardless of the source of target cells (each P &lt; 0.05). A two‐step study of IL3 sensitivity of erythroid progenitors was conducted. First, in a liquid culture system, circulating erythroid progenitors of SCA patients and controls were incubated in the presence of varying doses of IL3. During a second step, CFU‐E‐like colonies were observed in methylcellulose cultures of these cells. The mean numbers of colony‐forming unit‐erythroid (CFU‐E)‐like colonies was significantly higher in SCA patients compared with control subjects at low doses of IL3 (each P &lt; 0.02). The increased response of erythroid progenitors to IL3 and the increased production of hemopoietic growth factors (IL3 or non‐IL3) contribute to the hemopoietic response in SCA patients. These mechanisms and increased sensitivity of the BFU‐E to EPO may explain lower than expected EPO levels in SCA patients.
Reflectance-to-color mappings depend critically on spatial context
Authors: Michael E. Rudd
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Abstract In visual science, color is usually regarded as a subjective phenomenon. The relationship between the specific color experiences that are evoked by a visual scene and the physical properties of the surfaces viewed in that scene are complex and highly dependent on spatial context. There is no simple correspondence between experienced color and a stable class of physical reflectances.
Hormone replacement therapy and mid-term implant survival following knee or hip arthroplasty for osteoarthritis: a population-based cohort study
Authors: D Prieto-Alhambra, M K Javaid, A Judge, J Maskell, C Cooper, N K Arden
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Osteolysis and subsequent prosthesis loosening is the most common cause for revision following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA). Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) could reduce osteolysis through its antiresorptive effects. We studied whether HRT use is associated with reduced revision rates in a community-based cohort of women undergoing TKA or THA for osteoarthritis. <h3>Methods</h3> Female participants in the General Practice Research Database undergoing a primary TKA or THA from 1986 to 2006 were included. We excluded patients aged &lt;40 years at the date of primary, and those with a history of previous hip fracture or rheumatoid arthritis. Women with at least 6 months of HRT were identified as HRT users. We further explored the associations among HRT use of ≥12 months, adherence (medication possession ratio) and cumulative use and revision risk. Cox models were fitted to model implant survival in years. Propensity score matching was used to control for confounding. <h3>Results</h3> We matched 2700 HRT users to 8100 non-users, observed for a median (IQR) of 3.3 (1.5–6.1) years after TKA/THA. HR for HRT ≥6 months was 0.62 (95% CI 0.41 to 0.94), whereas HR for ≥12 months was 0.48 (0.29 to 0.78). Higher adherence and therapy duration were associated with further reductions in revision rates. Preoperative HRT appeared unrelated to implant survival. <h3>Conclusions</h3> HRT use is associated with an almost 40% reduction in revision rates after a TKA/THA. These findings require replication in external cohorts and experimental studies.