tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of the α-Fibrinogen Thr312Ala Polymorphism With Poststroke Mortality in Subjects With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Angela M. Carter, Andrew J. Catto, Peter J. Grant
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —The α-fibrinogen Thr312Ala polymorphism occurs in close proximity to several sites important for factor XIIIa–dependent cross-linking, which raises the possibility that it affects fibrin clot stability. Methods and Results —We determined the association of this polymorphism with ischemic stroke, stroke subtype, and poststroke mortality. There was no significant difference in the genotype distributions of patients with acute ischemic stroke (n=519) and healthy control subjects (n=423), nor was there any association of this polymorphism with stroke subtype. In a Cox regression model, a significant interaction between Thr312Ala and atrial fibrillation was identified in relation to poststroke mortality ( P =0.002). In subjects in sinus rhythm (n=418), there was no difference according to genotype in the proportion of subjects who survived (≈60% in each group), whereas in subjects with atrial fibrillation (n=101), there was decreased survival in those possessing the A allele (TT=42.1%, TA=18%, AA=0%). Conclusions —The Thr312Ala polymorphism may give rise to an increased susceptibility for embolization of intra-atrial clot, and these findings could have important implications for identifying subjects most at risk of developing thromboembolic complications.
Computer generated protocols.
Authors: I Purves, J Grimshaw
Journal: BMJ (1993)

was also considerably less, with 37 of 40 (93%) patients having no postoperative discomfort and being able to return to school soon after surgery compared with 16 of 35 (46%) who were circum- cised.Twenty eight of 40 responding parents whose son had had preputial plasty thought that the final appearance of their son's penis was normal.Only two patients were unable to retract their foreskins, and in both there had been no effort at early mobilisation.Preputial plasty is a well recognised procedure in Europe,4 and we think that it is a reliable option for selected patients with tight but unscarred and uninfected foreskins.It certainly enables many more foreskins to be saved.
Cumulative Effect of Psychosocial Factors in Youth on Ideal Cardiovascular Health in Adulthood
Authors: Laura Pulkki-Råback, Marko Elovainio, Christian Hakulinen, Jari Lipsanen, Mirka Hintsanen, Markus Jokela, Laura D. Kubzansky, Taina Hintsa, Anna Serlachius, Tomi T. Laitinen, Katja Pahkala, Vera Mikkilä, Jaakko Nevalainen, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Markus Juonala, Jorma Viikari, Olli T. Raitakari, Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background— The American Heart Association has defined a new metric of ideal cardiovascular health as part of its 2020 Impact Goals. We examined whether psychosocial factors in youth predict ideal cardiovascular health in adulthood. Methods and Results— Participants were 477 men and 612 women from the nationwide Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Psychosocial factors were measured from cohorts 3 to 18 years of age at the baseline of the study, and ideal cardiovascular health was examined 27 years later in adulthood. The summary measure of psychosocial factors in youth comprised socioeconomic factors, emotional factors, parental health behaviors, stressful events, self-regulation of the child, and social adjustment of the child. There was a positive association between a higher number of favorable psychosocial factors in youth and greater ideal cardiovascular health index in adulthood (β=0.16; P &lt;0.001) that persisted after adjustment for age, sex, medication use, and cardiovascular risk factors in childhood (β=0.15; P &lt;0.001). The association was monotonic, suggesting that each increment in favorable psychosocial factors was associated with improvement in cardiovascular health. Of the specific psychosocial factors, a favorable socioeconomic environment (β=0.12; P &lt;0.001) and participants’ self-regulatory behavior (β=0.07; P =0.004) were the strongest predictors of ideal cardiovascular health in adulthood. Conclusions— The findings suggest a dose-response association between favorable psychosocial factors in youth and cardiovascular health in adulthood, as defined by the American Heart Association metrics. The effect seems to persist throughout the range of cardiovascular health, potentially shifting the population distribution of cardiovascular health rather than simply having effects in a high-risk population.
Success of adoption.
Authors: M Humphrey
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Unquiet Rest SIR,-Chauvinism in medical research is to be deplored, but your leading article on unquiet rest (23 September, p. 715) does less than justice to the pioneering British work of Masterton& on sleep patterns of junior medical staff.As early as 1965 he drew attention to both the lack of sleep obtained by busy residents on a surgical service and the effects this could have on the feelings they had about themselves and their work.The experiments of Friedman and his col- leagues2 referred to in your leading artie now confirm objectively for medical per- formance what has been known for some time in other fields-namely, that in pro- longed intellectual tasks ability declines with acute sleep lack.3However, doctors are not yet sufficiently impressed with this to order their lives properly and, as Masterton showed, the pressure of extenal affairs in a hospital environment may be the overriding factor which produces the sleep lack state.The lack of sleep in intensive care units has also been recognized since 1964, when Edgerton and Kay4 and Kornfield, Zimberg, and Malm5 first postulated that it might be of importance in the acute delirium-like states that can occur during incarceration in the intensive care environment.This hypothesis, which was extended by one of us (Dudley6) to include other problems of sensory barrage and deprivation, has proved somewhat too simplistic.While by definition we can regard sleep lack as bad and from observation recognize that it may contribute to the patient's disturbed convalescence, its aetiological im- portance in delirium and its influence on the physiology of recovery require much further study.-Weare, etc.,
COMPARISON OF EFFICACY AND FOUR-YEAR DURABILITY BETWEEN SIROLIMUS-ELUTING STENT AND PACLITAXEL-ELUTING STENT IN UNPROTECTED LEFT MAIN CORONARY ARTERIES: MULTICENTER REGISTRY IN ASIA
Authors: Sunao Nakamura, Hisao Ogawa, Jang-Ho Bae, Yeo Hans Cahyadi, Wasan Udayachalerm, Damras Tresukosol, Sudaratana Tansuphaswadikul
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
TREATMENT OF MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM
Authors: HERMAN GOODMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1935)

Journal Article TREATMENT OF MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM Get access HERMAN GOODMAN, M.D. HERMAN GOODMAN, M.D. New York City Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 47, Issue 10, 1 October 1935, Page 413, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1935.tb09824.x Published: 01 October 1935
Diabetes and the gut.
Authors: J H Scarpello, G E Sladen
Journal: Gut (1978)

Progress report Diabetes and the gutThe pathophysiology of impaired gastrointestinal function in both chronic diabetes1' 2, and acute ketoacidosis3, remains undefined, although several mechanisms have been implicated.These include autonomic neuropathy4, microangiopathy5, changes in insulin and glucagon release, and acute metabolic disturbance.In recent years various new gastrointestinal hormones have been described6' 7, although their physiological importance remains to be determined8.It is likely that both the chronic, and acute, metabolic changes found in diabetes will modify the release of these hormones and alter their effects on the gut.However, at the present time there are no studies of gut hormone levels in diabetics with gastrointestinal complications and the pathophysiological significance of these substances remains ill-defined.This review will consider both the acute and chronic effects of diabetes mellitus on the gastrointestinal tract alone and will largely be confined to human data. Acute manifestationsAnorexia, nausea, and vomiting are common presenting features of diabetic ketoacidosis3'9.The aetiology of these symptoms is frequently attributed to acute gastric stasis and nasogastric suction has been advocated as a routine procedure in the emergency treatment of these patients10'11, although there is no general agreement on this12.The frequency of clinically significant gastric dilatation in such patients is unknown and there is no detailed study of gastric emptying during ketoacidosis.The aetiology of acute gastric dilatation during ketoacidosis is unknown, although acute metabolic changes including glucagon and insulin release have been implicated13 4. It has also been suggested that gastric atony results from an acute, reversible, autonomic disturbance'5.The effects of local gastrointestinal hormones on gastric motility have been incompletely studied and, to date, only motilin has been found to increase gastric emptying6"16, but has not been implicated in this context.Possibly the acute electrolyte changes of ketoacidosis, especially intracellular hypokalaemia, affect gastric motility.Acute gastroparesis has also been described in recent onset diabetics after sudden stress in whom there was no acute metabolic disturbance'7.Haematemesis as a complication of diabetic ketoacidosis is usually secondary to either acute erosive, or haemorrhagic, gastritis.It has been suggested that this results from an increased concentration of urea in the retained gastric fluid18.The incidence of duodenal ulceration is thought to be reduced among diabetics'920, although there is some conflicting evidence for this21, and it is rarely responsible for haematemesis in these subjects.Acute abdominal pain, in the absence of intra-abdominal disease, may occur in these patients and can be of sufficient severity to mimic an acute 1153
Abstract 1134: ADAM17 promotes glioma cell progression through EGFR-PI3K-AKT activation
Authors: Xuguang Zheng, Feng Jiang, Mark Katakowski, Yong Lu, Michael Chopp
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background &amp; Objective: A disintegrin and metalloproteinase-17 (ADAM17) is involved in proteolytic ectodomain shedding of several membrane-bound growth factors and cytokines. The expression and activity of ADAM17 increase under some pathological conditions such as stroke and cancer. ADAM17 promotes neural progenitor cell migration and contributes to stroke-induced neurogenesis after stroke and breast cancer growth and invasion. In the present study, we sought to elucidate whether ADAM17 contributes to glioma progression and its mechanisms. Experimental Approaches: We examined the role of ADAM17 in the proliferation, invasion, and tube formation of human glioma cells (U87) in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Stable transfection of the U87 cell line with either a plasmid for over-expression of human ADAM17, or a siRNA to ADAM17 was employed in this study to establish high or low ADAM17 expression in glioma cells, respectively. For study of mechanism, the ADAM17 inhibitor TAPI-2 and the PI3K-AKT inhibitor LY294002 were used to counteract high ADAM17 expression or the activated PI3K-AKT pathway. Proliferation of glioma cells were tested by MTT Cell Proliferation Assay, Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assay, growth curve, and sulforhodamine B assay. Matrigel invasion assays were used to assess the ability of U87 cells to penetrate the Extra Cellular Matrix. A Matrigel tube formation assay was performed to test capillary tube formation ability. EGFR-PI3K-Akt pathway activation in U87 cells under different ADAM17 expression levels were tested by Western blot Results: Our data show that ADAM17 promotes the U87 malignant phenotype by increased proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and in vivo tumor growth. TGF-α, VEGF secretion and VEGF expression was increasing by ADAM17 and counteracted by ADAM17 siRNA, TAPI-2, and LY294002 in U87 cells. ADAM17 activated, whereas ADAM17 siRNA, TAPI-2, and LY294002 deactivated the EGFR-PI3K-AKT signal pathway, which correlated with U87 cell malignant phenotype changes. Conclusion: This study suggests ADAM17 contributes to glioma progression through activation of the EGFR-PI3K-AKT signal pathway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1134. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1134
Case of Wound of Heart by a Needle
Authors: F. Peck
Journal: BMJ (1852)

ment spoken of, fresh skin began to form, so that when it was again healed, there was very tolerable motion of the arm.I bave not had many opportunities of trying rupture of contracted parts, but in one other case where the contraction occurred in front of the elbow-joint, the same means were adopted, and with much success.Should 1 have cases of a like kind to treat, I sholuld feel disposed to follow out the plan; at the same time I would, for two or three obvious causes, limit its employ- ment to recent cases.There also seems to be no reason why the same principle should not guide the knife in cases of this description.Instead of dissecting the cicatrix, or dividing it, as is usually done, I would make incisions in different directions, and even leave small detached portions of integument, and thus imit.e what occurs when the parts are ruptured by force.Each promontory or isolated portion of integument becomes as it were a spring, from which new matter is formed.This suggestion, however, requires to be practised, ere its efficacy can be fully established, and I probably shall practise it in a case now under my treatment, and give the results to the profession.
Comparison of Visceral and Peripheral Vascular Beds in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: WALTER REDISCH, LOTHAR WERTHEIMER, CLAUDE DELISLE, J. MURRAY STEELE, LOUISA MULCARE
Journal: Circulation (1954)

The responses of the kidney and the lower extremities to single intravenous doses of six "hypotensive" drugs were measured in eight patients diagnosed as having essential hypertension. Use of Hexamethonium, Ilidar and Hydergine was followed by increase in the flow to the extremity and simultaneous decrease in renal blood flow. In contrast, the administration of Apresoline was followed by decrease in flow to the extremity and an increase in renal blood flow. Regitine produced no significant change in either. After the administration of protoveratrine, renal blood flow decreased but a significant change in blood flow to the extremity was not observed. Changes in arterial pressure which occurred with some of the drugs were not correlated with the changes in blood flow to the extremities or to the kidney.
Soluble ST2 for Predicting Sudden Cardiac Death in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure and Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction
Authors: Domingo A. Pascual-Figal, Jordi Ordoñez-Llanos, Pedro L. Tornel, Rafael Vázquez, Teresa Puig, Mariano Valdés, Juan Cinca, Antoni Bayes de Luna, Antoni Bayes-Genis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Rising Incidence of Breast Cancer: Relationship to Stage and Receptor Status
Authors: A. G. Glass, R. N. Hoover
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

we used the population-based tumor registry of Kaiser Permanente in the United States (Portland, OR) to analyze breast cancer incidence from 1960 to 1985. Overall, incidence rose 45% during this period. The largest increases occurred in women 60 years of age or older (74%) and in those 45–59 (36%). The rate in women aged 20–44 has remained essentially unchanged. Localized and regional disease showed similar increases. Review of medical records revealed that only a small portion of this increase was likely to result from increased screening activities. From the increased availability of receptor assays in a large proportion of cases since the mid-1970s, we observed that incidence of estrogen receptor-negative cancers rose 22%–27% between the mid-1970s and the mid-1980s. In contrast, incidence of estrogen receptor-positive tumors increased an average of 131% in the same period, perhaps implicating hormonal factors in the rising incidence of breast cancer. [J Natl Cancer Inst 82:693–696,1990]
Pseudomonas folliculitis acquired from a health spa whirlpool
Authors: W. F. Sausker
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Three cases of an unusual Pseudomonas skin infection acquired from a health spa whirlpool were reported, and an epidemiologic survey showed 17 additional cases. This dermatosis is characterized by the abrupt onset of urticarial papules and superficial and deep papulopustules that spare only the head and neck and occur eight to 48 hours after using the whirlpool. Cultures from one patient's pustules and from the spa whirlpool environment were positive for P aeruginosa, serotype O-11. The condition cleared in all but one patient, without treatment, within seven to ten days. This patient continues to have recurrent follicular pustules three months after exposure. Samples from whirlpools at six other selected establishments were also positive for P aeruginosa.
Waiting for the ultimate theory of the cerebellum
Authors: Valentino Braitenberg, Detlef Heck, Fahad Sultan
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Although our idea of sequential input being a key to cerebellar function was taken seriously by most commentators, there were also objections, based in part on experimental evidence that seems to contradict our intuitions and in part on commentators' preferences for different schemes. Several were suspicious of experiments (performed on slices of cerebellar tissue) that may have severed some of the synaptic connections, particularly the inhibitory ones. It is our feeling that a modi- fication of our theory that could satisfy most critics would not have to be very radical.
RR Interval Dynamics Before Atrial Fibrillation in Patients After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Charles W. Hogue, Peter P. Domitrovich, Phyllis K. Stein, George D. Despotis, Lisa Re, Richard B. Schuessler, Robert E. Kleiger, Jeffery N. Rottman
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF) is a frequent complication of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) that leads to increased costs and morbidity. We hypothesized that heart rate variability (HRV), an indicator of cardiac sympathovagal balance, is altered before the onset of postoperative AF. Because nonlinear methods of HRV analysis provide information about heart rate dynamics not evident from usual HRV measures, we also hypothesized that approximate entropy (ApEn), a nonlinear measure of HRV, might have predictive value. Methods and Results —Analysis of HRV was performed in 3 sequential 20-minute intervals preceding the onset of postoperative AF (24 episodes in 18 patients). These data were compared with corresponding intervals in 18 sex- and age-matched postoperative control subjects who did not develop AF. Patients had left ventricular ejection fractions &gt;45% before surgery and were not receiving β-blockers during ambulatory ECG monitoring after surgery. Logistic regression demonstrated that on the basis of averaged values for the three 20-minute intervals, increased heart rate and decreased ApEn were independently associated with AF. Heart rate dynamics before AF was associated with either lower (n=19) or higher (n=5) RR interval variation by traditional measures of HRV or quantitative Poincaré analysis, suggesting the possibility of divergent autonomic conditions before AF onset. Conclusions —In the hour before AF after CABG surgery, higher heart rate and lower heart rate complexity compared with values in control patients were independent predictors of AF. Decreased ApEn occurs in patients with either increased or decreased HRV by traditional measures and may provide a useful tool for risk stratification or investigation of mechanisms.
Clinical Trials: Design, Conduct, and Analysis
Authors: Laurence H. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Clinical Trials: Design, Conduct, and Analysis , by Dr Curtis Meinert, is a good reference for many practitioners of clinical trials. The book deals with single-center and multiple-center randomized prospective clinical trials, and uses several examples (14) of current and important clinical trials, such as the University Group Diabetes Program, the Persantine Aspirin Reinfarction Study, and the Hypertension Prevention Trial. In addition to the necessary discussions on such key ingredients as study design, sample size and power, randomization forms design, and data collection, the text has several sections that deal with important and necessary issues rarely addressed: committee structures, publication policies, operation manuals, sample consent forms, and budget preparation recommendations.  This book has many tables and figures representing the actual data from previous clinical trials, which helps maintain interest for the clinician investigator, and includes an appendix that provides sketches of several major trials used throughout the text. In addition, the
1108-132 Percutaneous intracoronary transplantation of autologous stem cells after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Clemens Steinwender, Robert Hofmann, Klaus Kerschner, Michael Grund, Kurt Sihorsch, Alexander Kypta, Jürgen Kammler, Wilma Masschek, Christian Gabriel, Franz Leisch
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Noninvasive Imaging and Radiovirotherapy of Prostate Cancer Using an Oncolytic Measles Virus Expressing the Sodium Iodide Symporter
Authors: Pavlos Msaouel, Ianko D Iankov, Cory Allen, Ileana Aderca, Mark J Federspiel, Donald J Tindall, John C Morris, Michael Koutsilieris, Stephen J Russell, Evanthia Galanis
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Prostate cancer cells overexpress the measles virus (MV) receptor CD46. Herein, we evaluated the antitumor activity of an oncolytic derivative of the MV Edmonston (MV-Edm) vaccine strain engineered to express the human sodium iodide symporter (NIS; MV-NIS virus). MV-NIS showed significant cytopathic effect (CPE) against prostate cancer cell lines in vitro. Infected cells effectively concentrated radioiodide isotopes as measured in vitro by Iodide-125 ((125)I) uptake assays. Virus localization and spread in vivo could be effectively followed by imaging of (123)I uptake. In vivo administration of MV-NIS either locally or systemically (total dose of 9 x 10(6) TCID(50)) resulted in significant tumor regression (P < 0.05) and prolongation of survival (P < 0.01). Administration of (131)I further enhanced the antitumor effect of MV-NIS virotherapy (P < 0.05). In conclusion, MV-NIS is an oncolytic vector with significant antitumor activity against prostate cancer, which can be further enhanced by (131)I administration. The NIS transgene allows viral localization and monitoring by noninvasive imaging which can facilitate dose optimization in a clinical setting.
TREATMENT OF CANCER OF THE RECTUM.
Authors: LEWIS H. ADLER
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The question of what surgical procedure is justifiable in any given case of cancer of the rectum is frequently hard to decide, especially from the standpoint of relieving the patient the most with the incurrence of the minimum risk. The recognized operations are four in number: Extirpation, colotomy, posterior linear proctotomy and curettage. <h3>Extirpation.</h3> —The ideal method of treating cancer of the rectum would be by extirpation, as is done in cases of the same disease when the mammary gland is the seat of trouble; but unfortunately it is not often that the rectal neoplasm is discovered in time to permit the entire removal of the growth and of all glandular involvement: consequently, it is my belief, that the cases in which this operation is indicated will always be confined to a relatively small number. <h3>Colotomy.</h3> —On the other hand, colotomy is quite practicable in a large number of instances