tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nonperfusion of One Lung Secondary to Improperly Positioned Endotracheal Tube
Authors: Robert J. Cowan
Journal: JAMA (1974)

UNILATERAL absence of pulmonary blood flow as demonstrated by particulate-perfusion lung-imaging techniques is a well-recognized phenomenon.<sup>1</sup>Multiple causes have been described, including bronchial occlusion secondary to bronchogenic carcinoma and foreign-body inhalation.<sup>1,2</sup>Bronchial obstruction with resulting hypoventilation has been shown to decrease promptly pulmonary blood flow. To our knowledge, however, the effects of acute bronchial obstruction from an improperly positioned endotracheal tube, have not been described previously. This report documents such a case and demonstrates the reversibility of this phenomenon. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 76-year-old patient was referred to the Nuclear Medicine Laboratory for perfusion lung imaging because of suspected pulmonary emboli. Approximately three hours before the study, he had experienced increasing dyspnea. An endotracheal tube had been inserted. After 2 millicuries of macroaggregated serum albumin labeled with technetium 99m was administered intravenously, images of the chest were obtained with an Anger scintillation camera (Fig 1,<i>left</i>). These
Diffuse Interstitial Lung Disease in Tungsten Carbide Workers
Authors: E. OSBORNE COATES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Twelve persons working in the manufacture or grinding of tungsten carbide developed a progressive diffuse interstitial pneumonia, characterized clinically by nonproductive cough and by dyspnea on exertion. Lung tissue examined by light microscopy in eight patients and by electron microscopy in one showed interstitial infiltrates of mononuclear and mast cells, desquamated histiocytes in the alveoli, and various amounts of interstitial fibrosis. Eight patients have died. Five additional individuals with episodic cough related to dust exposure but without roentgen abnormalities have been observed. The available evidence indicates that this disease is a pneumoconiosis related to inhalation of finely powdered cobalt.
The Headaches of Medical Practice
Authors: Allen S. Johnson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

SINCE most of the studies on headache have emanated from special clinics or from neurologists it seemed of interest to investigate the frequency and nature of this complaint in a random sample from an internist doing largely a family practice not devoted to any subspecialty.Physicians are particularly indebted to Wolff1 for an understanding of the mechanisms responsible for headaches. Those of extracranial origin may be due to any of the following conditions: distention of cranial arteries as in migraine, hypertension (not associated with encephalopathy) and the post-traumatic syndrome; sustained contraction of scalp muscles resulting from anxiety, emotional tension or . . .
A Toxicogenomic Comparison of Primary and Photochemically Altered Air Pollutant Mixtures
Authors: Julia E. Rager, Kim Lichtveld, Seth Ebersviller, Lisa Smeester, Ilona Jaspers, Kenneth G. Sexton, Rebecca C. Fry
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Air pollution contributes significantly to global increases in mortality, particularly within urban environments. Limited knowledge exists on the mechanisms underlying health effects resulting from exposure to pollutant mixtures similar to those occurring in ambient air. In order to clarify the mechanisms underlying exposure effects, toxicogenomic analyses are used to evaluate genomewide transcript responses and map these responses to molecular networks.We compared responses induced by exposure to primary pollutants and photochemically altered (PCA) pollutant mixtures representing urban atmospheres to test our hypothesis that exposures to PCA pollutants would show increased modulation of inflammation-associated genes and pathways relative to primary air pollutants.We used an outdoor environmental irradiation chamber to expose human lung epithelial cells to mixtures representing either primary or PCA pollutants for 4 hr. Transcriptional changes were assessed using microarrays and confirmed using quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) on a subset of genes.We found a large difference in the cellular responses to the two pollutant exposures: Primary air pollutants altered the expression levels of 19 genes, whereas PCA pollutants altered 709 genes. Functional and molecular analyses of the altered genes revealed novel pathways, such as hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α, potentially regulating the pollutant responses. Chemical component analysis characterized and confirmed the photochemical transformation of primary air pollutants into PCA air pollutants.Our study shows that the photochemical transformation of primary air pollutants produces altered mixtures that cause significantly greater biological effects than the primary pollutants themselves. These findings suggest that studying individual air pollutants or primary pollutant mixtures may greatly underestimate the adverse health effects caused by air pollution.
Fibronectin expression in the normal and hypertrophic rat heart.
Authors: W S Mamuya, P Brecher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

We examined changes in the expression of fibronectin during the induction of cardiac hypertrophy by L-triiodothyronine administration and by mineralocorticoid- and salt-induced experimental hypertension. By use of Northern and Western blotting procedures, fibronectin was localized mainly in the atria of normal rat hearts. Atria contained 10- and 5-fold higher relative concentrations of fibronectin mRNA and protein, respectively, compared with ventricles. During the progression of cardiac hypertrophy induced by L-triiodothyronine over a 10-d period, there was a progressive increase in fibronectin mRNA for the first 6 d followed by a return to control levels. The major change could be accounted for by changes in ventricular mRNA, which increased about four- to sixfold. In contrast, protein levels in ventricles increased progressively over the 10-d treatment period. Ribonuclease protection analysis indicated that the relative amounts of fibronectin isoforms containing exons designated EIIIA and EIIIB increased during the progression of hypertrophy. When cardiac hypertrophy was induced by mineralocorticoid and salt treatment, increases in ventricular fibronectin mRNA and protein and the induction of alternatively spliced forms of fibronectin were also observed. However, the extent and temporal pattern of fibronectin expression differed between the two experimental models.
Hematocrit in Women with Myocardial Infarction
Authors: N. P. DePasquale, G. E. Burch
Journal: JAMA (1963)

IT WAS SHOWN in a recent study that the level of the hematocrit in 100 males with acute myocardial infarction was significantly higher than in age-matched controls.<sup>1</sup>The purpose of the present study was to extend the observations on the relationship of hematocrit and myocardial infarction to women. <h3>Material and Methods</h3> The material for this study was obtained from the Touro Infirmary in New Orleans. The records of 120 females with acute myocardial infarction were selected at random from the hospital files. The ages of the patients ranged from 32 to 90 years ( mean, 63 years). The percentage of the patients in various age groups is shown in Figure 1. No patients with diseases known to affect the hematocrit, such as carcinoma, pulmonary disease, uremia, and polycythemia vera, were included in the series. The hematocrits of all patients were determined at the time of admission to the hospital. The
Computerised prescribing of chemotherapy reduces errors
Authors: N. S Stoner, C. J Tanfield, D. C Talbot
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—S M Cotter advocates computerised prescribing as a useful addition to a clinical pharmacy service.1 In 1993 we introduced a computerised prescribing system for cytotoxic chemotherapy in order to improve patients' care, rationalise prescribing, and increase the quality, clarity, and safety of prescriptions. Other advantages include improved compliance with protocols, ease of access to clinical data, a decrease in prescribing time, a reduction in errors of transcription, and help with audit.2 3 4

At any time up to …
Reduction of histamine‐induced bronchoconstriction by magnesium in asthmatic subjects
Authors: G. Rolla, C. Bucca, M. Bugiani, W. Arossa, S. Spinaci
Journal: Allergy (1987)

The effects of inhaled MgSO 4 on histamine bronchoprovocation test (BPT) were studied in nine asthmatics in clinical remission (FEV 1 &gt; 80% of predicted). Patients performed histamine BPT on 2 separate days, one day after saline and the other after MgSO 4 inhalation, in a randomized double‐blind design. Spirometry and flow/volume curve were recorded on each test day before and 5 min after NaCl or MgSO 4 . No significant difference was observed in lung function measurements 2 days before and after either NaCl or MgSO 4 . The dose of histamine which produced a 20% decrease in control FEV 1 (PD 20 FEV 1 ) was significantly increased by aerosolized MgSO 4 (from 0.177 ± 0.036 mg after NaCl to 0.350 ± 0.085 after MgSO 4 , P &lt; 0.05. After MgSO 4 the dose‐steps of histamine concentration increased two‐fold in two subjects and one‐fold in five.
A NEW NASAL SPLINT
Authors: Otto J. Stein
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The general practitioner as well as the rhinologist can find use for a good intranasal splint to hold cotton or gauze in contact with the septum. The cotton can be dusted with a powder, moistened with a liquid, or impregnated with a salve, and accurately held in contact with the membranes. It is useful in the treatment of fractures of the nose, epistaxis, ulcerations, etc. To the operating rhinologist, a strong and adjustable splint is indispensable. The splint here illustrated fills all of these needs. It is readily adjustable to any degree of pressure. It is made in two parts, making it very easy of introduction. When properly placed, it allows free breathing through the nostrils. 30 North Michigan Avenue.
Australian drugs regulator cancels registration of COX 2 inhibitor
Authors: Bob Burton
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Survival of UK patients after cancer is improving but still lags behind the European average, despite the United Kingdom spending more than other countries on cancer, different sources of data published this week show.Figures from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) show that between 1999 and 2004 survival rates for most cancers in England improved.However, two studies published in Lancet Oncology (
IN VITRO ORGANIZATION OF DISSOCIATED RAT CARDIAC CELLS INTO BEATING THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES
Authors: S. P. Halbert, R. Bruderer, T. M. Lin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

When isolated beating ventricular heart cells from newborn rats were grown in tissue culture on untreated polystyrene surfaces, they showed a striking tendency to grow focally in three dimensions from the single layer cell sheets which were formed early in growth. During this process, they frequently formed miniature spherical heart-like masses, which continued to beat and grow in size. These often were somewhat lobulated in appearance, and grew up to 2 mm in diameter. Histological sections of such structures sometimes revealed evidence of appreciable orientation of the cells to each other, in fiber-like units. Electron microscope sections of such mini-hearts showed structures resembling intercalated discs between myocardial cells. The precise factors which induced the cardiac cells to apparently organize into these heart-like structures are not presently known.
Endoscopic-Radiologic Demonstration of Biliodigestive Fistulas
Authors: M. Classen, P. Frühmorgen, T. Kozu, L. Demling
Journal: Endoscopy (1971)

The efficiency of the endoscopic-radiological demonstration of bilio-digestive fistulas and of the extra- and intra-hepatic bile ducts is described and compared with the previous methods available, usually purely radiological techniques. In accordance with our experience to date, in 11 patients with bilio-digestive anastomosis, three conclusions may be drawn:
Can electrocardiographic screening prevent sudden death in athletes? Yes
Authors: A. Pelliccia, D. Corrado
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Mandatory electrocardiographic screening of athletes would detect heart problems and save lives, argue <b>Antonio Pelliccia</b> and <b>Domenico Corrado</b>, but <b>Roald Bahr (</b>doi:10.1136/bmj.c4914) claims that the diagnostic accuracy is questionable
Protein C and S and inflammation in sickle cell disease
Authors: J.B. Schnog, M.R. Mac Gillavry, A.P. van Zanten, J.C.M. Meijers, R.A. Rojer, A.J. Duits, H. ten Cate, D.P.M. Brandjes
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Reduced activity of naturally occurring anticoagulants (NOAC) protein C and protein S may contribute to vaso-occlusion in sickle cell disease (SCD). We studied whether protein C and S are related to clinical vaso-occlusion, hematological markers of disease severity (hemoglobin levels, leukocyte counts, and percentage of fetal hemoglobin), and inflammation in SCD. Protein C activity, protein S (free and total) antigen, endothelial activation markers (soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [sVCAM-1], von Willebrand antigen [vWF]), and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels were measured in 30 HbSS and 20 HbSC patients and in race-matched HbAA controls. NOAC levels were reduced in patients, and endothelial activation markers and hsCRP were elevated (except vWF in HbSC patients). Protein C activity and vWF levels were lower in HbSC patients who experienced painful crises compared to HbSC patients who were clinically asymptomatic. No other differences were observed between patients who did and did not experience vaso-occlusive events (painful crises, stroke, acute chest syndromes) or leg ulcers. A significant positive correlation between total protein S with hemoglobin levels and a significant negative correlation between total and free protein S and sVCAM-1 were detected in HbSS patients. Except perhaps for protein C in relation to painful crises in HbSC patients, these markers were not associated with the occurrence of clinical events. The protein S, hemoglobin, and sVCAM-1 associations may suggest decreased endothelial protein S production due to the more severe endothelial perturbation in HbSS patients with lower hemoglobin levels.
Tumor Stroma-Derived TGF-β Limits Myc-Driven Lymphomagenesis via Suv39h1-Dependent Senescence
Authors: Maurice Reimann, Soyoung Lee, Christoph Loddenkemper, Jan R. Dörr, Vedrana Tabor, Peter Aichele, Harald Stein, Bernd Dörken, Thomas Jenuwein, Clemens A. Schmitt
Journal: Cancer Cell (2010)
A circulating renin activator in essential hypertension.
Authors: M P Sambhi, P Eggena, J C Barrett, M Tuck, C E Wiedeman, C Thananopavarn
Journal: Circulation Research (1975)

The rate of angiotensin generation with added renin in plasma from patients with benign essential hypertension has been shown to be higher than in plasma from norm ensive controls. An index of the angiotensin generation rate in relation to to al plasma renin substrate (PRS-r index) has been defined which allows for screening for "activated" plasma. In hypertensive subjects, this index was shown to be higher than that of the normotensive subjects (61 plus or minus 2.4 SE, and 45 plus or minus 5 SE). The index did not correlate with the absolute levels of blood pressure, 24-hour sodium excretion, or plasma renin activity in hypertensive subjects either during the control period or during acute alterations of blood pressure, but was shown to respond in a parallel fashion with chronically induced changes in blood pressure and circulating levels of angiotensin I. By the use of an isolated system of human renin and homologous renin substrate, we have demonstrated that plasma from hypertensive subjects contains a modifier of the renin reaction which increases both V-max and Km of the system, behaving as an uncompetitive activator. No significant change was noted with the addition of normal plasma to the same isolated system.
Dutch trial of probiotics in acute pancreatitis is to be investigated after deaths
Authors: Tony Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A Dutch trial of probiotics in acute pancreatitis that resulted in 15 unexpected deaths is being investigated by the Dutch Healthcare Inspectorate and the Central Committee on Research involving Human Subjects.

The multicentre, double blind, randomised controlled trial was designed to see whether probiotics could reduce the incidence of infectious complications in patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Previous small scale studies had indicated that probiotic treatment might be effective ( British Journal of Surgery 2002;89:1103-7).

The Dutch trial involved nearly 300 patients in 15 hospitals, …
Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 in Human Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Xenografts
Authors: P. Nagy, N. Torok, A. Ladanyi, L. Kopper
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 in Human Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Xenografts Get access Péter Nagy, Péter Nagy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Natália Török, Natália Török Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Andrea Ladånyi, Andrea Ladånyi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar László Kopper László Kopper * * Correspondence to: László Kopper, M.D., 1st Institute of Pathology andExperimental Cancer research, Semmelweis medical university, 1085 Budapest VIII., ÜIIöi út 26, Hungary. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 16, 21 August 1991, Pages 1174–1175, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.16.1174 Published: 21 August 1991 Article history Received: 21 February 1991 Revision received: 07 May 1991 Accepted: 15 May 1991 Published: 21 August 1991
Physical activity, muscle strength, and calcium intake in fracture of the proximal femur in Britain.
Authors: C. Cooper, D. J. Barker, C. Wickham
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Regular exercise and high calcium intake possibly help to preserve bone mass. Little is known, however, about their role in preventing hip fracture. The physical activity and calcium intake of 300 elderly men and women with hip fractures were compared with those of 600 controls matched for age and sex. In both sexes increased daily activity, including standing, walking, climbing stairs, carrying, housework, and gardening protected against fracture. This was independent of other known risk factors, including body mass, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption. Strength of grip correlated with activity and was inversely related to the risk of fracture. Calcium intake was not related to the risk of fracture in women. Men with daily calcium intakes above 1g had lower risks. These findings point to the importance of elderly people in Britain maintaining physical activity in their day to day lives.
Breast Cancer Therapy — The Price of Success
Authors: I. Craig Henderson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

WELL over half, and possibly as many as three fourths, of all women in whom breast cancer is diagnosed are cured, usually by mastectomy or lumpectomy plus radiotherapy. The chance that a woman with breast cancer will eventually die of the disease is substantially less now than it was 50 years ago. In the midst of the news about a growing epidemic of breast cancer, this fact is often forgotten, and as with changes in the patterns of morbidity and mortality from other diseases, the reasons for this apparent improvement in prognosis are speculative. We would like to think it . . .
The Search for the Missing Link--Electromagnetic Fields and Cancer
Authors: M. E. Newman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article The Search for the Missing Link--Electromagnetic Fields and Cancer Get access Michael E. Newman Michael E. Newman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 22, 15 November 1989, Pages 1686–1689, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.22.1686 Published: 15 November 1989
An early Medical Research Council controlled trial of vitamins for preventing infection
Authors: Irvine Loudon
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2007)

The background to the controlled trial of vitamin A to prevent infection after childbirth reported by Green et al. in 19311 was as follows. As a result of experiments on animals in the mid to late 1920s, the senior co-author of the 1931 report—Sir Edward Mellanby, Professor of Pharmacology in Sheffield—believed that an important function of vitamin A was to ‘raise resistance—either local or general or both—to bacterial infection.’2 Accordingly, he decided to administer vitamin A to women with puerperal septicaemia in the Jessop Hospital, Sheffield, to see whether it had ‘any specific action in human infection.’ Mellanby and Green reported the results of this study in 1929.2 They explained that they had chosen to study puerperal septicaemia for two reasons. First, it was argued, many women had sub-optimal stores of vitamin A in the liver but ‘the pregnant woman is in still greater danger of a deficiency’ [of vitamin A] because she had to supply the vitamin to her baby ‘whose metabolic rate is relatively much greater than that of the adult.’ The second reason was ‘the difficulty in clinical work of assessing the value of a remedy in diseases which often have a low mortality rate whatever the treatment given.’ In the 1920s the fatality rate of puerperal septicaemia (proven by a positive blood culture) was over 90%. All the women described in the Mellanby and Green paper had had positive blood cultures. Women with negative blood cultures were excluded, even if, on clinical grounds, they might be thought to be cases of puerperal septicaemia.2 The results of this first use of large doses of vitamin A as an anti-infective agent were astonishing, and are shown in Table 1.2 The five cases of puerperal septicaemia in the first three months of 1929 were all treated with vitamin A. All five made a complete recovery and left the hospital restored to normal good health. Mellanby and Green were cautious in interpreting these observations, however, noting that, although impressive, the results were ‘too few in number to allow the deduction that this form of treatment is specific in its nature for septicaemia.’ They saw that ‘clinical trials should be made,’ and judged that because vitamin A ‘must also be of inestimable value in its prophylactic effect,’ the vitamin should be given for several weeks before delivery, to build up stores of vitamin A in the liver of expectant mothers.2
Improving diabetes care: six simple suggestions
Authors: P. Kar
Journal: BMJ (2015)

One provider, one budget —Too many cooks: you always have that feeling, don’t you? Acute trust, community trust, primary care . . . it’s time to have a fused budget to help deliver care seamlessly within and outside the hospital, seven days a week. Could we even abolish use of Payment by Results for a long term condition such as diabetes? Or reduce perverse incentives for acute care trusts to do more unnecessary outpatient activity and instead use block contracts for the whole pathway of diabetes care? What’s a “community diabetologist” but a tautology? The hospital is part of the community, not separate. One budget, one team, one provider. Can we be even bolder …