tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Bleeding from Portal Hypertension in Patients with Cirrhosis of the Liver
Authors: C. Stuart Welch, John E. Kiley, Thomas S. Reeve, Edward O. Goodrich, Harold F. Welch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

THE greatest problem today in the management of patients who bleed massively from the upper gastrointestinal tract is afforded by the group with chronic liver disease and portal hypertension. Most of these patients bleed from varices at the gastroesophageal junction. The mortality in these patients is extremely high, in contrast to that in patients who bleed from gastroduodenal ulcer. A program of surgical intervention has been worked out for the ulcer group, and, when surgery is used with good judgment, the outlook is reasonably good for patients bleeding from gastric or duodenal ulcers. The same statement does not apply in . . .
Extent of Left Ventricular Scar Predicts Outcomes in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy Patients With Significantly Reduced Systolic Function
Authors: Deborah H. Kwon, Carmel M. Halley, Thomas P. Carrigan, Victoria Zysek, Zoran B. Popovic, Randolph Setser, Paul Schoenhagen, Randall C. Starling, Scott D. Flamm, Milind Y. Desai
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2009)
Incidence in a University Hospital Psychiatric Ward
Authors: William E. Bakewell
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Evidence that a number of "nonbarbiturate sedatives" and "minor tranquilizers" can produce a state of physical dependence similar to that produced by barbiturates has recently been reviewed by Essig,<sup>1</sup>but little is known about the frequency with which such states are actually encountered in medical practice. This report represents an inquiry into the problem as it has presented itself on the psychiatric ward of the University of Kentucky Medical Center Hospital. Though no general conclusions about the prevalence or incidence of physical dependence of this type can be drawn from this small-scale study conducted on one ward of a single hospital, it is hoped that our findings will stimulate further research on the magnitude of the problem and augment the awareness of physicians as to its existence and the need for its prevention. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> This survey is based on experiences with the 132 consecutive patients who were
Gastroenterology Highlights 2001-02: Edited by E Quigley. Health press, 2002, pound15.00, colour, pp 84. ISBN 1-903734-12-6
Authors: J Y Kang
Journal: Gut (2003)

Osteoporosis and liver disease: additional reasons for coeliac disease screeningWe read with great interest the recently published guidelines on the management of osteoporosis associated with chronic liver disease (Gut 2002;50(suppl I):i1-9).However, we would like to add a few words of comment.Associations between coeliac disease (CD) and primary biliary cirrhosis in particular and other autoimmune liver diseases in general have been reported. [1]2][3] In addition, it has been suggested that these individuals should be considered as an at risk group for whom serological testing for CD is indicated. 1Patients with CD are at high risk of developing low bone mineral density and bone turnover impairment, 1 and it has been shown that adherence to a gluten free diet has a significant positive impact on these parameters. 4 Thus we suggest that physicians caring for patients with the above mentioned liver diseases should screen them for CD in the presence of signs and symptoms suggestive of malabsorption such as osteoporosis.This seems a reasonable strategy as detection of CD will allow for a more rational therapeutic approach to the risks determined by this association.Complications due to the presence of CD, such as malnutrition, anaemia, and osteoporosis, may have a considerable impact on liver disease management and the need/success of transplantation.
Abstract 17775: Progress in Cost Effective Complete Screening of Athletes
Authors: Thomas L DeBauche, Peter Razeghi, Phillip DeBauche, Connie Keasling, Andrew Collins, Pat Shuff, David Anthony
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Sudden death among young athletes is an uncommon but devastating international problem. Much has been written about the problem, and it is recognized that adding an ECG and follow up echocardiogram to a complete history and physical examination is able to detect a much higher percentage of affected athletes. In an Italian study, this approach reduced sudden death among athletes by 90%. Cost estimates of complete screening of athletes in the United States range from $126 Million to nearly $2 Billion. Over the past several years our efforts have been directed toward complete screening of a large school district and in finding a less costly alternative. Cypress Fairbanks ISD is in suburban Houston and has over 100,000 students. We have performed ECG's on all willing student-athletes entering the 9th grade, 4967 over the past two years. All abnormal ECG's resulted in either a consultation, echocardiogram, or usually both. 357 or 7.19% of the ECG's were abnormal, and after further screening, only 132 had any a...
Psychopharmacological Agents in Physical Disorders
Authors: Jambur Ananth
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1992)

Psychotropic drugs act on multiple organ systems, but their intended action is related to their effect on neurohormones and receptors in the limbic area of the brain. These drugs are also employed with benefit in a number of diverse physical disorders including immunological (arthritis), gastrointestinal (peptic ulcer, ulcerative colitis), neurological (epilepsy), and hematological (leukopenia) conditions. While their clinical efficacy enhances our armamentarium to treat these disorders, understanding their mode of action in treating the physically ill patients may yield the missing link between the psyche and the soma.
Neurocognitive Development of Children 4 Years After Critical Illness and Treatment With Tight Glucose Control
Authors: Dieter Mesotten, Marijke Gielen, Caroline Sterken, Kirsten Claessens, Greet Hermans, Dirk Vlasselaers, Jurgen Lemiere, Lieven Lagae, Marc Gewillig, Benedicte Eyskens, Ilse Vanhorebeek, Pieter J. Wouters, Greet Van den Berghe
Journal: JAMA (2012)

<h3>Context</h3>A large randomized controlled trial revealed that tight glucose control (TGC) to age-adjusted normoglycemia (50-80 mg/dL at age &lt;1 year and 70-100 mg/dL at age 1-16 years) reduced intensive care morbidity and mortality compared with usual care (UC), but increased hypoglycemia (≤40 mg/dL) (25% vs 1%).<h3>Objective</h3>As both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia may adversely affect the developing brain, long-term follow-up was required to exclude harm and validate short-term benefits of TGC.<h3>Design, Setting, and Patients</h3>A prospective, randomized controlled trial of 700 patients aged 16 years or younger who were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) of the University Hospitals in Leuven, Belgium, between October 2004 and December 2007. Follow-up was scheduled after 3 years with infants assessed at 4 years old between August 2008 and January 2012. Assessment was performed blinded for treatment allocation, in-hospital (83%) or at home/school (17%). For comparison, 216 healthy siblings and unrelated children were tested.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Intelligence (full-scale intelligence quotient [IQ]), as assessed with age-adjusted tests (Wechsler IQ scales). Further neurodevelopmental testing encompassed tests for visual-motor integration (Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration); attention, motor coordination, and executive functions (Amsterdam Neuropsychological Tasks); memory (Children's Memory Scale); and behavior (Child Behavior Checklist).<h3>Results</h3>Sixteen percent of patients declined participation or could not be reached (n = 113), resulting in 569 patients being alive and testable at follow-up. At a median (interquartile range [IQR]) of 3.9 (3.8-4.1) years after randomization, TGC in the ICU did not affect full-scale IQ score (median [IQR], 88.0 [74.0-100.0] vs 88.5 [74.3-99.0] for UC; P = .73) and had not increased incidence of poor outcomes (death or severe disability precluding neurocognitive testing: 19% [68/349] vs 18% [63/351] with UC; risk-adjusted odds ratio, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.60-1.46; P = .72). Other scores for intelligence, visual-motor integration, and memory also did not differ between groups. Tight glucose control improved motor coordination (9% [95% CI, 0%-18%] to 20% [95% CI, 5%-35%] better, all P ≤ .03) and cognitive flexibility (19% [95% CI, 5%-33%] better, P = .02). Brief hypoglycemia evoked by TGC was not associated with worse neurocognitive outcome.<h3>Conclusion</h3>At follow-up, children who had been treated with TGC during an ICU admission did not have a worse measure of intelligence than those who had received UC.<h3>Trial Registration</h3>clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT00214916.
900 CORE AMINO ACID 70 SUBSTITUTION IN DIFFERENT HCV GENOTYPES AND ASSOCIATION WITH IL28B POLYMORPHISMS
Authors: H. Sharafi, A. Pouryasin, S.M. Alavian, B. Behnava, S.R. Rozehi, M. Keshvari, M. Zareiy, L. Mehrnoush, O. Kheradvar, S. Salimi, S. Mahinrousta, M. Gholami Fesharaki
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Primary Care Update for Ob/Gyns
Authors: Joan S. Zenan
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<i>Primary Care Update for Ob/Gyns</i>is a peer-reviewed journal published by Elsevier Science Inc in cooperation with the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Its subscription cost is quite modest for individuals ($48), and a special discount is available for ACOG members. The stated goal of this new journal is "excellence in health care for women." Its purpose is to present practical and clinical information pertaining to primary and preventive diagnosis, treatment, and management in care in obstetric-gynecologic practice. Traditional peer-reviewed ob/gyn journals have not yet adopted this practice-oriented goal. Elsevier's editorial expertise is well exemplified by the organization of each issue. There is a minimum of advertising, unobtrusively placed. In 40 to 50 pages, a manageable size, five basic areas for update are covered: cardiovascular, infectious disease, oncology, preventive care, and psychiatry. Additionally, two to three articles on subjects pertinent to primary care, such as thyroid dysfunction, chronic fatigue,
DETECTION OF CORONARY PLAQUES WITH PROTEOGLYCANS AND SUPERFICIAL FOAM CELLS USING 308-NM INTRINSIC FLUORESCENCE
Authors: George O. Angheloiu, Irene Georgakoudi, Abigail S. Haka, Joseph Arendt, Obrad R. Scepanovic, Thomas N. Wight, Stephen P. Evanko, Maryann Fitzmaurice, Ramachandra R. Dasari, John R. Kramer, Michael S. Feld
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Bone in Hyperthyroidism: New Radiographic Approach
Authors: C. CONRAD JOHNSTON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Editorial Notes1 April 1971Bone in Hyperthyroidism: New Radiographic ApproachC. CONRAD JOHNSTON JR., M.D.C. CONRAD JOHNSTON JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-4-635 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSkeletal radiographs have been of great value in the study of gross lesions such as tumor or fracture but have been less useful for investigation of the generalized but subtle lesions of metabolic bone disease. By standard methods it is difficult to detect less than a marked change in skeletal mass, and the fine structure of bone is not readily apparent on the usual films. Recently Meema and Schatz (1) have obtained better visualization of the fine detail of bone by adapting the techniques of mammography to the hand film. The fine-grained industrial X-ray film provides superior resolution, making it...References1. MEEMASCHATZ HD: Simple radiologic demonstration of cortical bone loss in thyrotoxicosis. Radiology 97:9-15, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. KRANEBROWNELLSTANBURY SGJ: Effect of thyroid disease on calcium metabolism in man. J Clin Invest 35:874-887, 1956 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. ADAMSJOWSEYKELLY PJP: Effects of hyperthyroidism on bone and mineral metabolism in man. Quart J Med 36:1-15, 1967 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Indiana University Medical Center Indianapolis, Ind. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHormonale Osteopathien im ErwachsenenalterHormonale Osteopathien im Erwachsenenalter 1 April 1971Volume 74, Issue 4Page: 635-636KeywordsBoneHyperthyroidismLesionsMammographyMetabolic disorders Issue Published: 1 April 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
False dichotomies and dead metaphors
Authors: Timothy P. McNamara
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Koriat &amp; Goldsmith's thesis is provocative but has three problems: First, quantity and accuracy are not simply related, they are complementary. Second, the storehouse metaphor is not the driving force behind contemporary theories of memory and may not be viable. Third, the taxonomy is incomplete, leaving unclassified several extremely influential methods and measures, such as priming and response latency.
Delayed communication between hospitals and general practitioners: where does the problem lie?
Authors: T. M. Penney
Journal: BMJ (1988)

The incidence of deep vein thrombosis after major operations in patients over the age of 40 approaches 30% if no prophylactic measures are used.'Many patients discharged from hospital are still at risk at home and the question arises whether prophylaxis should be continued after patients have been discharged.To try to answer this question we followed up patients, most of whom received prophylaxis for deep vein thrombosis during their stay in hospital, for up to six weeks after their discharge from hospital.
Evidence for a recessive PMP22 point mutation in Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 1A
Authors: Benjamin B. Roa, Carlos A. Garcia, Liu Pentao, James M. Killian, Barbara J. Trask, Ueli Suter, G. Jackson Snipes, Rocio Ortiz-Lopez, Eric M. Shooter, Pragna I. Patel, James R. Lupski
Journal: Nature Genetics (1993)
TCT-696 Pre-operative pro-BNP levels predict quality of life restoration 1 year after MitraClip treatment in heart failure patients with severe functional Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Maurizio Taramasso, Azeem Latib, Paolo Denti, Nicola Buzzatti, Micaela Cioni, Giovanni La Canna, Ottavio Alfieri, Antonio Colombo, Francesco Maisano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Low molecular weight heparins and hypoaldosteronism.
Authors: H Levesque, S Verdier, N Cailleux, M C Elie-Legrand, A Gancel, J P Basuyau, J Y Borg, N Moore, H Courtois
Journal: BMJ (1990)

ADDENDUM-In view of the long term benefit appar- ently due to chiropractic we initiated a three year follow up, sending multiple reminders to those initially not responding.By mid April 1990-beyond the closing date for the earlier results -data were available for 113 patients, representing a 79% response.At three years the mean fall in Oswestry score for those treated by chiropractic was 9-6% points more than for those treated in hospital (p=0-01).The fall was greater (13 8% p=0 0003) among those presenting with current episodes of more than a month's duration than for those presenting with episodes of less than a month (5 3%, NS).Among those with a previous history of back pain, the improvement in Oswestry score at three years was 9-7% points greater in patients treated by chiropractic than those treated in hospital (p=002).A similar difference between the two forms of treatment (9-4%) was found among those with no previous history of back pain, but numbers in this group were smaller and the difference was not significant. 1
A Lecture ON SOME UNUSUAL MANIFESTATIONS OF SYPHILIS IN THE UPPER AIR PASSAGES: Delivered at the London Polyclinic on Tuesday, January 9th, 1906
Authors: F. Semon
Journal: BMJ (1906)

iENTLEMEN, There is nio more trite expressioni tllani tlhe ever-reiterated design.ation of syplhilis as proteani manifestations, yet it would be lhard, I venture to say, point to any affection in which we have volunitarily bounid ourselves to more rigid formalisim tldhii in our niotions regarding the classification and the treatmen-t various stages of that disease.It is an axiom religiously believed in, that we, must distinguislh betweeni primary, secondary, and tertiary man-ifestationis, separated anotlier by certaini limlitationis of tiine, whichl are, purely conivenitional, anid wlheni we, lwave decided registering an inidividual case as cominig withini these categories, we again feel it to be our duty scribe mercury for the first anid second of these stages iodide of potassium for the third.A convention this kind could of course not have arisen if experience riot taught us that on the wlhole it answered requirements, anid far be it fromme to slhake well-founded belief in the results of suchl practical experience.time to time, lhowever, it is wvell to be reminded exceptions occur to almiost every rule, and that too rigidly uponi convention is ilot wise.Many I published under a titleI similar to the one given this lecture some instances ofrare manifestation-s in the upper air passages, whiclh did not fit inito the generally adopted scheme, and having recently lhad withlin a comparatively short time the opportunity of further number of suclh unusualcases, I avail this opportunity to brinig them before the niotice profession.As they all lhave occurred in private practice, I shall, for obvious reasons, not give any particulars could lead to identification of the patients, the same reasons slhallnot mention the names of thle tioners whlo were good enough to send me thle were othlerwise con-icerned inthe management of themselves.1. Precocious Tertiary Syphilis of Throat and Tongue Malignant §eype.
The Myeloid Transcription Factor KLF2 Regulates the Host Response to Polymicrobial Infection and Endotoxic Shock
Authors: Ganapati H. Mahabeleshwar, Daiji Kawanami, Nikunj Sharma, Yoichi Takami, Guangjin Zhou, Hong Shi, Lalitha Nayak, Darwin Jeyaraj, Robert Grealy, Mary White, Ross McManus, Thomas Ryan, Patrick Leahy, Zhiyong Lin, Saptarsi M. Haldar, G. Brandon Atkins, Hector R. Wong, Jerry B. Lingrel, Mukesh K. Jain
Journal: Immunity (2011)
Effect of Availability Bias and Reflective Reasoning on Diagnostic Accuracy Among Internal Medicine Residents
Authors: Sílvia Mamede, Tamara van Gog, Kees van den Berge, Remy M. J. P. Rikers, Jan L. C. M. van Saase, Coen van Guldener, Henk G. Schmidt
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Diagnostic errors have been associated with bias in clinical reasoning. Empirical evidence on the cognitive mechanisms underlying biases and effectiveness of educational strategies to counteract them is lacking.To investigate whether recent experience with clinical problems provokes availability bias (overestimation of the likelihood of a diagnosis based on the ease with which it comes to mind) resulting in diagnostic errors and whether reflection (structured reanalysis of the case findings) counteracts this bias.Experimental study conducted in 2009 at the Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, with 18 first-year and 18 second-year internal medicine residents. Participants first evaluated diagnoses of 6 clinical cases (phase 1). Subsequently, they diagnosed 8 different cases through nonanalytical reasoning, 4 of which had findings similar to previously evaluated cases but different diagnoses (phase 2). These 4 cases were subsequently diagnosed again through reflective reasoning (phase 3).Mean diagnostic accuracy scores (perfect score, 4.0) on cases solved with or without previous exposure to similar problems through nonanalytical (phase 2) or reflective (phase 3) reasoning and frequency that a potentially biased (ie, phase 1) diagnosis was given.There were no main effects, but there was a significant interaction effect between "years of training" and "recent experiences with similar problems." Results consistent with an availability bias occurred for the second-year residents, who scored lower on the cases similar to those previously encountered (1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-1.96) than on the other cases (2.19; 95% CI, 1.73-2.66; P =.03). This pattern was not seen among the first-year residents (2.03; 95% CI, 1.55-2.51 vs 1.42; 95% CI, 0.92-1.92; P =.046). Second-year residents provided the phase 1 diagnosis more frequently for phase 2 cases they had previously encountered than for those they had not (mean frequency per resident, 1.44; 95% CI, 0.93-1.96 vs 0.72; 95% CI, 0.28-1.17; P =.04). A significant main effect of reasoning mode was found: reflection improved the diagnoses of the similar cases compared with nonanalytical reasoning for the second-year residents (2.03; 95% CI, 1.49-2.57) and the first-year residents (2.31; 95% CI, 1.89-2.73; P =.006).When faced with cases similar to previous ones and using nonanalytic reasoning, second-year residents made errors consistent with the availability bias. Subsequent application of diagnostic reflection tended to counter this bias; it improved diagnostic accuracy in both first- and second-year residents.
The role of topical calcineurin inhibitors in atopic dermatitis:
Authors: A. Alomar, J. Berth-Jones, J.D. Bos, A. Giannetti, S. Reitamo, T. Ruzicka, J-F. Stalder, K. Thestrup-Pedersen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

For more than five decades, topical corticosteroids and emollients have been the mainstay of therapy for atopic dermatitis. However, the potential for side-effects limits the clinical utility of corticosteroids in providing long-term disease control. With a unique mode of action that differs from that of corticosteroids, the steroid-free topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs), tacrolimus ointment and pimecrolimus cream, provide skin-selective treatment that targets key factors involved in the pathogenesis of this chronic disease. An extensive series of clinical trials involving more than 16,000 patients with predominantly moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in tacrolimus studies and over 2000 patients with primarily mild to moderate disease in pimecrolimus studies has shown that both TCIs provide effective and well-tolerated treatment for atopic dermatitis. Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that tacrolimus is superior to conventional hydrocortisone-based regimens and does not cause skin atrophy or other steroidal side-effects. Both tacrolimus and pimecrolimus prevent disease flares and provide progressive and sustained disease improvement with long-term therapy. These and other clinical benefits of TCIs are discussed, together with the safety profiles of tacrolimus and pimecrolimus and their use in clinical practice. In addition, this review summarizes findings from the many trials carried out with these agents and outlines how TCIs can provide long-term treatment and control of a chronic skin disease that may persist for years.