tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phagocytic Function of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes in Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Robert A. Turner, H. Ralph Schumacher, Allen R. Myers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Phagocytosis of yeast particles by peripheral blood and synovial fluid neutrophils was compared in the sera and synovial fluids from 16 osteoarthritis, 23 rheumatoid arthritis, and 12 miscellaneous arthritis patients. Phagocytosis by normal peripheral blood neutrophils was decreased equally and significantly in all synovial fluids. All synovial fluid neutrophils demonstrated decreased phagocytic capacity in all media. Rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid neutrophils showed significantly less phagocytosis than miscellaneous arthritis synovial fluid neutrophils. Normal peripheral blood neutrophils which in vitro had previously ingested monosodium urate crystals or oil red O, subsequently exhibited a normal yeast phagocytic capacity. Normal peripheral blood neutrophils, which had ingested preformed immunoglobulin G-rheumatoid factor complexes exhibited significantly less yeast phagocytic capacity than control cells or cells preincubated with the individual complex components. There was a significant correlation between the log of the reciprocal of the rheumatoid factor titer in sera used to produce complexes and the phagocytic capacity exhibited by test neutrophils. Ingestion of immunoglobulin G-rheumatoid factor complexes may be important in the production of the cellular phagocytic defect which this study has demonstrated in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid neutrophils.
Synovial fluid cells in Reiter's syndrome.
Authors: D Nordstrom, Y T Konttinen, V Bergroth, M Leirisalo-Repo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

Synovial fluid cells in Reiter9s syndrome were studied by cell subset specific monoclonal antibodies and avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex staining. Mean leucocyte count was 9842/mm3 (9.842 X 10(9)/l), and 71% of all cells were polymorphonuclear leucocytes. 26 +/- 11 (SEM)% and 47 +/- 5% of all mononuclear cells in synovial fluid were M1+ monocytes and Ia+ cells, respectively. T11+ T lymphocyte was the predominant synovial fluid mononuclear cell (61 +/- 8%) but, in contrast to the inflammatory joint effusions in rheumatoid arthritis, T4+ cells clearly outnumbered T8+ cells in Reiter9s syndrome. Thus the synovial fluid in Reiter9s syndrome contains the immunocompetent and accessory cells required for immune response, which in fact is activated as suggested by lymphocyte Ia expression. Furthermore, in contrast with rheumatoid arthritis inducer/helper cells with T4 phenotype seem to be involved preferentially in the local pathogenetic mechanisms in Reiter9s syndrome.
FRACTURE OF THE CERVICAL VERTEBRÆ.
Authors: Augustus P. Clarke
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Cambridge, Mass., Sept. 25, 1884. N. S. Davis, M.D., Editor: <h3>Dear Doctor.</h3> —In your last issue of theJournal, Sept. 20, 1884, on page 327, there is a report of a case (by Prof. Küster,<i>Centralblatt für Chirurgie:</i>Edinburgh<i>Clinical Journal</i>) of complete recovery after fracture of a cervical vertebra, contrary though, as the author remarks, to all previous experience. This report calls to mind a case of fracture of the axis which occurred in my practice several years ago. The following is taken from my notes: J. C. C., a man aged 61 years, fell from a pear tree eighteen feet, striking his head upon the ground and sustaining a fracture of the axis through or near the articulating process on the right side. The fracture was oblique and downwards, evidently involving the body of the axis which supports the odontoid process. The patient was seen at the time
Differential Responses of Immune Cells to Type I Interferon Contribute to Host Resistance to Viral Infection
Authors: Thomas Baranek, Thien-Phong Vu Manh, Yannick Alexandre, Muhammad Ahmad Maqbool, Joaquin Zacarias Cabeza, Elena Tomasello, Karine Crozat, Gilles Bessou, Nicolas Zucchini, Scott H. Robbins, Eric Vivier, Ulrich Kalinke, Pierre Ferrier, Marc Dalod
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2012)
Major and Minor ECG Abnormalities in Asymptomatic Women and Risk of Cardiovascular Events and Mortality
Authors: Pablo Denes
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Data are sparse regarding the prevalence, incidence, and independent prognostic value of minor and/or major electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. There is no information on the effect, if any, of hormonal treatment on the prognostic value of the ECG.To examine association of minor and major baseline and incident ECG abnormalities with long-term cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.Post-hoc analysis of the estrogen plus progestin component of the Women's Health Initiative study, a randomized controlled primary prevention trial of 14 749 postmenopausal asymptomatic women with intact uterus who received 1 daily tablet containing 0.625 mg of oral conjugated equine estrogen and 2.5 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate or a matching placebo. Participants were enrolled from 1993 to 1998, and the estrogen plus progestin trial was stopped on July 7, 2002.The Novacode criteria were used to define minor, major, and incident ECG abnormalities. Cardiovascular end points included incident coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events.Among women with absent (n = 9744), minor (n = 4095), and major (n = 910) ECG abnormalities, there were 118, 91, and 37 incident CHD events, respectively. The incident annual CHD event rates per 10 000 women with absent, minor, or major ECG abnormalities were 21 (95% confidence interval [CI], 18-26), 40 (95% CI, 32-49), and 75 (95% CI, 54-104), respectively. After 3 years of follow-up, 5% of women who had normal ECG at baseline developed new ECG abnormalities with an annual CHD event rate of 85 (95% CI, 44-164) per 10 000 women. The adjusted hazard ratios for CHD events were 1.55 (95% CI, 1.14-2.11) for minor baseline, 3.01 (95% CI, 2.03-4.46) for major baseline, and 2.60 (95% CI, 1.08-6.27) for incident ECG abnormalities. There were no significant interactions between hormone treatment assignment and ECG abnormalities for risk prediction of cardiovascular end points. For prediction of CHD events, the addition of ECG findings to the Framingham risk score increased from 0.69 to 0.74 the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Similar findings were found for incident CVD events.Among asymptomatic postmenopausal women, clinically relevant baseline and incident ECG abnormalities are independently associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality, and the information is incremental to the established method of risk stratification.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00000611.
DNA discoverer James Watson now dreams of curing genetic diseases
Authors: D. L. Breo
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Obama administration sets goals for Medicare's shift to "value based" payment
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Sylvia Burwell, the US health and human services secretary, announced on 23 January that the Obama administration aims to have 85% of all traditional Medicare fee for service payments tied to at least some quality measures by 2016 and 90% by 2018.

The administration also intends to have 30% of Medicare payments disbursed through alternative payment models, such as accountable care organizations (ACOs) and bundled payment arrangements, by the end of 2016, and it aims to increase that proportion to 50% by the end of 2018. About 20% of Medicare payments are …
Transient immunosuppression with FK506 permits long-term expression of therapeutic genes introduced into the liver using recombinant adenoviruses in the rat
Authors: Y Ilan, V K Jona, K Sengupta, A Davidson, M S Horwitz, N Roy-Chowdhury, J Roy-Chowdhury
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The host immune response limits the duration of expression of adenovirally transduced genes and precludes long-term gene expression upon re-administration of the virus. In this study we wished to evaluate whether short-term immunosuppression of the host, at the time of recombinant virus administration, would allow expression of the therapeutic gene product upon virus reinjection. Gunn rats were used as recipients of recombinant adenoviruses expressing human BUGT (Ad-hBUGT) or E. coli β-galactosidase (Ad-LacZ). Rats were treated with FK506 (1-1.5 mg/kg, per OS daily) for three days beginning 24 hours before each virus injection. Control groups did not receive any immunosuppressant. The serum bilirubin level was reduced from 7.1 ± 0.75 mg/dL to 2.0 ± 0.7 mg/dL within two days of viral injection in both FK506 treated and control groups, and then gradually increased in 6 weeks. FK506-treated rats had low or undetectable antibody titers against the recombinant adenovirus and minimal or no cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against adenovirus-infected cells. The tolerized rats received two subsequent injections 42 and 98 days after the first injection, which reduced the bilirubin levels again to 2.0 ± 0.56 and 2.2 ± 0.61 mg/dL, respectively. In contrast, control rats developed high titer neutralizing antibodies and a CTL response, and their serum bilirubin levels were not reduced following subsequent injections. We conclude that short-term FK506 treatment around the time of virus administration prevents the host immune response, permitting long-term gene therapy by repeated administration of the recombinant virus.
The Multilingual Manual for Medical Interpreting
Authors: Helen Marshall
Journal: JAMA (1960)

A "how-to-do-it" for saying "stick out your tongue" in six foreign languages, this little handbook is cleverly designed as a compact, inexpensive, and expedient tool to aid the physician in overcoming the language barrier in questioning and examining non-English-speaking patients. The languages represented are French, Spanish, German, Italian, Polish, and Russian, each complete with its own set of questions in English and their foreign equivalents so phrased as to require only "yes" or "no" answers. A handy index gives access to the particular question the physician may wish to ask. The phonetic transliteration of each foreign question is indicated in equivalent English syllables so that the physician may approximate the sounds of the foreign language, without having to learn a set of phonetic symbols, well enough for the patient to understand what is being asked. If the patient can read, the physician need only point to the question he wishes
1075 Diagnostic value of biochemical markers (fibrotest) for the prediction of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic alcoholic liver disease (ALD)
Authors: S NAVEAU, B RAYNARD, V RATZIU, A ABELLA, F IMBERTBISMUT, D MESSOUS, F BEUZEN, F CAPRON, J CHAPUT, T POYNARD
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
Prenatal diagnosis of congenital rubella.
Authors: L L Cederqvist, I A Zervoudakis, L C Ewool, L B Senterfit, S D Litwin
Journal: BMJ (1977)

<h3>Background</h3> Vaccine-induced thrombosis and thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare complication following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is overrepresented in VITT and is often associated with multifocal venous thromboses, concomitant hemorrhage and poor outcomes. Hitherto, endovascular treatments have not been reviewed in VITT-related CVST. <h3>Methods</h3> Patient records from a tertiary neurosciences center were reviewed to identify patients who had endovascular treatment for CVST in VITT. <h3>Results</h3> Patient records from 1 January 2021 to 20 July 2021 identified three patients who underwent endovascular treatment for CVST in the context of VITT. All were female and the median age was 52 years. The location of the CVST was highly variable. Two-thirds of the patients had multifocal dural sinus thromboses (sigmoid, transverse, straight and superior sagittal) as well as internal jugular vein thromboses. Intracerebral hemorrhage occurred in all patients; subarachnoid blood was noted in two of them, and intraparenchymal hemorrhage occurred in all. There was one periprocedural parenchymal extravasation which abated on temporary cessation of anticoagulation. Outcome data revealed a 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 2 in all cases. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We demonstrate that endovascular treatment for VITT-associated CVST is feasible and can be safe in cases that deteriorate despite medical therapy. Extensive clot burden, concomitant hemorrhage, rapid clinical progression and persistent rises in intracranial pressure should initiate multidisciplinary team discussion for endovascular treatment in appropriate cases.
Inhibition of tumor growth in vivo with a soluble CD44-immunoglobulin fusion protein.
Authors: M S Sy, Y J Guo, I Stamenkovic
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

CD44H is the principal cell surface receptor for hyaluronate, which is a major glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix. Expression of CD44H is enhanced in a variety of malignant tumors and correlates with tumor aggressiveness, supporting the notion that interaction between CD44H and hyaluronate may play an important role in tumor growth and dissemination. In this report we show that in vivo tumor formation by human lymphoma Namalwa cells, stably transfected with CD44H, can be suppressed by a soluble human CD44H-immunoglobulin fusion protein. Disruption of the interaction between CD44H and its physiologic ligands may provide a novel strategy for controlling tumor growth in vivo.
Breast feeding and obesity
Authors: T. J Clifford
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The evidence regarding its effect on obesity is inconclusive 

In many developed countries childhood overweight and obesity have reached epidemic proportions.1 Moreover, the sequelae of obesity are now seen in children.2 Fortunately efforts are being made to understand the causes of overweight and obesity, and the part played by breast feeding is also being studied. The short term benefits of breast feeding are not doubted, and it is the safest, most economical, and most convenient way to promote infant health and nutrition on a global scale.3 Increasing evidence4–8 shows that having been breast fed may have longer term benefits, including prevention of obesity; but this evidence is uncertain.910 Two articles in this issue evaluate whether having been breast fed protects against later obesity.1112 Neither finds evidence to say that it does. Why the contradictory findings? Although there is no easy answer to this question, the explanation may be that the studies examining early infant nutrition and later obesity are observational and therefore subject to several caveats.

For obvious reasons it …
Fluids for Parenteral Administration
Authors: B. H. Scribner, J. E. Lucas, A. E. Osterberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

PARENTERAL fluid therapy for severely ill patients is often not optimal because solutions of the correct composition are not available. For example, in treating a patient with renal shutdown the physician may wish to limit the fluid intake to 1 liter of water in a twenty-four-hour period. To provide calories it may be desirable to administer 1 liter of 10 per cent, 20 per cent or even 50 per cent dextrose, with the possible addition of 100 cc. of ethyl alcohol. Also, because the patient may be in severe acidosis, 100 to 200 milliequiv. of sodium lactate may have to . . .
Ultrasound in first trimester shows no difference in fetal size between the sexes.
Authors: A Selbing, K McKay
Journal: BMJ (1985)

unrevised) leaflet had implied that homosexuals with stable partner- ships were still eligible as donors.Certainly, our homosexual donors had a much lower incidence of markers for sexually transmitted disease than those attending special clinics, where half were reported to have antihepatitis B core antigen.3This should not encourage complacency, however, as HTLV-III has been isolated from the lymphocytes of some at risk people who were negative for anti-HTLV-III.5We intend to follow up these homosexual donors.It is alarming that some male homosexuals still donate blood, and it is vital that all possible measures are taken to discourage this.
Radiation Dosage Estimation and Health Risk-Reply
Authors: Steve Wing
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Drs Maienschein and Peelle's conclusion that "best estimates" of the radiation-cancer dose response from our study of workers at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory<sup>1</sup>should be reduced by nearly an order of magnitude due to radiation dose underestimation is based on faulty logic. It is true that underestimation of doses of more highly exposed workers would spuriously elevate the estimated dose response. However, because of their higher exposures, those are the workers whose dosimeters were least likely to have been exposed below the detection threshold. Exposure underestimation for workers in the lowest-dose categories would actually mix the risk experience of minimally exposed workers with that of more highly exposed workers, resulting in underestimation of the radiation-mortality dose-response relationship. Maienschein and Peelle misrepresent the annual dose trends shown in the Figure in our article.<sup>1</sup>There is no evidence of a discontinuity of the trend in 1956 attributable
Blood hyperviscosity with reduced skin blood flow in scleroderma
Authors: M. A. McGrath, R. Peek, R. Penny
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1977)

The vascular complications of scleroderma have previously been attributed to the progressive obliteration of small vessels. Our study was carried out to determine whether abnormalities of blood viscosity occur in this disease, thereby contributing to the ischaemic process. Blood viscosity was measured in 20 patients using a rotational viscometer. At a high rate of shear, blood hyperviscosity was found in 35% of the patients and at a low rate of shear, in 70%. In addition there was a significant increase in the plasma viscosity which implicates changes in plasma proteins (fibrinogen, immunoglobulins) as causing the hyperviscosity. Measurement of the hand blood flow by venous occlusion plethysmography showed reduced flow at 32 degrees , 27 degrees , and 20 degrees C. A unique finding was a delayed recovery of the blood flow after cooling. These observations suggest that the increased resistance to blood flow in skin affected by scleroderma may be caused by an interaction between the occlusive vascular lesion and blood hyperviscosity. In addition, blood flow patterns and hyperviscosity could help distinguish scleroderma from primary Raynaud's disease.
A NEW TEST FOR LACTIC ACID IN THE GASTRIC CONTENTS AND A METHOD OF ESTIMATING APPROXIMATELY THE QUANTITY PRESENT.
Authors: J. P. ARNOLD
Journal: JAMA (1897)

In view of the value of the detection of lactic acid in the gastric contents, especially in the diagnosis of gastric carcinoma, the importance of which has been increased by the later work of Boas, and because of the uncertainty and unreliability of Uffelmann's test, I present the following. The test which I detail is simple and easily applied, the reaction is characteristic, the results reliable. It also affords a method of approximately estimating the quantity of lactic acid present. The test solutions used are: Solution No. 1, consisting of saturated alcoholic solution gentian violet, 0.2 c.c.; distilled water, 500 c.c. Solution No. 2, solution ferric chlorid (U. S. P., 1890), 5 c.c.; distilled water. 20 c.c. The method of applying the test is as follows: Into a small porcelain capsule place 1 c.c. solution No. 1 and add from a pipette 1 drop of solution No. 2. The violet
Impact of Positive End-expiratory Pressure on Chest Wall and Lung Pressure–Volume Curve in Acute Respiratory Failure
Authors: MARIO MERGONI, ALESSANDRA MARTELLI, ANNALISA VOLPI, STEFANIA PRIMAVERA, PAOLO ZUCCOLI, ANDREA ROSSI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

To investigate whether chest-wall mechanics could affect the total respiratory system pressure–volume (P–V) curve in patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF), and particularly the lower inflection point (LIP) of the curve, we drew the total respiratory system, lung, and chest-wall P–V curves (P–Vrs, P–Vl, and P–Vw, respectively) for 13 patients with ARF, using the supersyringe method together with the esophageal balloon technique. Measurements were randomly repeated at four different levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) (0, 5, 10, 15 cm H2O) and from each P–V curve we derived starting compliance (Cstart), inflation compliance (Cinf), and end compliance (Cend). With PEEP of 0 cm H2O (ZEEP), an LIP on the P–Vrs curve was observed in all patients (7.5 ± 3.9 cm H2O); in two patients an LIP was detected only on the P–Vl curve (8.6 and 8.7 cm H2O, respectively); whereas in seven patients an LIP was observed only on the P–Vw curve (3.4 ± 1.1 cm H2O). In four patients, an LIP was detected on both the P–Vl and P–Vw curves (8.5 ± 3.4 and 2.2 ± 1.0 cm H2O, respectively). The LIP was abolished by PEEP, suggesting that a volume-related mechanism was responsible for the observed LIP on both the P–Vl and P–Vw curves. At high levels of PEEP, an upper inflection point (UIP) appeared on the P–Vrs and P–Vl curves (11.7 ± 4.9 cm H2O and 8.9 ± 4.2 cm H2O above PEEP, respectively) suggesting alveolar overdistension. In general, PaO2 increased with PEEP (from 81.7 ± 35.5 mm Hg on ZEEP to 120 ± 43.8 mm Hg on PEEP 15 cm H2O, p < 0.002); however, the increase in PaO2 with PEEP was significant only in patients with an LIP on the P–Vl curve (from 70.5 ± 16.2 mm Hg to 117.5 ± 50.7 mm Hg, p < 0.002), the changes in PaO2 in patients without an LIP on the P–Vl curve not being significant (from 91.3 ± 45.4 mm Hg to 122.2 ± 41.1 mm Hg). We conclude that in ventilator-dependent patients with ARF: (1) the chest-wall mechanics can contribute to the LIP observed on the P–Vrs curve; (2) the improvement in PaO2 with PEEP is significant only in patients in whom LIP is on the lung P–V curve and not on the chest wall curve; (3) high levels of PEEP may overdistend the lung, as reflected by the appearance of a UIP; (4) measurement of P–Vrs alone may be misleading as a guide for setting the level of PEEP in some mechanically ventilated patients, at least in the supine position, although it helps to prevent excessive alveolar overdistension by indicating the inflection volume above which UIP may appear.