tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Value of Exercise <sup>201</sup> Tl Tomography in Patients Treated With Thrombolytic Therapy During Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Habib Abbas Dakik, John J. Mahmarian, Kay T. Kimball, Maria G. Koutelou, Rafael Medrano, Mario S. Verani
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Although myocardial perfusion scintigraphy is of proven value in the risk stratification of patients with a recent myocardial infarction who receive conventional therapy, its value in patients undergoing thrombolytic therapy remains controversial.Seventy-one patients who received thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction had exercise 201Tl tomography and coronary angiography before hospital discharge. Eleven (15%) of 71 patients had ischemic ST-segment depression during exercise, whereas 27 patients (38%) had scintigraphic ischemia. Twenty-five (37%) of 68 patients had a cardiac event consisting of either death (n = 2), recurrent myocardial infarction (n = 5), congestive heart failure (n = 7), or unstable angina (n = 11) during a follow-up of 26 +/- 18 months. Univariate predictors of cardiac events were as follows: Killip class (P = .04); left ventricular ejection fraction (P < .0005); total (P = .002) and ischemic (P < .0005) perfusion defect size; percent thallium lung uptake (P = .001); presence of infarct-zone redistribution (P = .02); and multivessel coronary artery disease (P = .01). By multivariate analysis, the significant joint predictors of risk were ejection fraction (P < .0005) and ischemic perfusion defect size (P = .005). The combination of ejection fraction and thallium tomography added significant incremental prognostic information to the clinical data, whereas angiography did not further improve a model that included clinical, ejection fraction, and tomographic variables.Quantitative exercise 201Tl tomography provides important incremental, long-term prognostic information in patients receiving thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction.
NOTES ON A CASE OF POISONING BY HYDROQUINONE
Authors: A. Mitchell, J. Webster
Journal: BMJ (1919)

POISONING BY HYDROQUINONE.Ta 465 rand pushing at this stage may court disaster, particularly with chloroform.The tendency to failure of lheart and respiration seems greater than at home, probably climatic in origin, and is undoubtedly aggr&vated by the hiiglhly nervous condition in whiclh so many patients come to operation.
Standard- vs High-Dose Clopidogrel After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention—Reply
Authors: Matthew J. Price
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of a new, concentrated wheat fibre preparation on intestinal transit, deoxycholic acid metabolism and the composition of bile.
Authors: S N Marcus, K W Heaton
Journal: Gut (1986)

When the cholesterol saturation index of bile is reduced by wheat bran there is generally a fall in the deoxycholic acid content of bile. As the same effects occur with senna, bran might act on bile simply via its accelerating effect on colonic transit. We have studied the effects of a new, concentrated, wheat fibre preparation (Testa Triticum Tricum, Trifyba, which is 80% dietary fibre) upon bile composition, deoxycholic acid metabolism and intestinal transit time, and have assessed whether these effects are related. Twenty constipated volunteers were prescribed Testa Triticum Tricum in doses (10-32 g/day) sufficient to relieve their symptoms for at least six weeks. Before and at the end of this period, duodenal bile was sampled to enable measurement of deoxycholic acid pool (by isotope dilution), total bile acid pool, bile acid composition and cholesterol saturation index. Whole gut transit time fell from 120 +/- SD35 to 68 +/- 35 hours. At the same time, biliary % deoxycholic acid fell from 26.6 +/- 12.0 to 23.0 +/- 11.8 (p = 0.002), the total bile acid pool expanded from 2.36 +/- 0.88 to 2.75 +/- 0.90 g (p = 0.008) and cholesterol saturation index fell from 1.13 +/- 0.32 to 1.07 +/- 0.29 (p = 0.04). In subjects with initial cholesterol saturation index over 1.0 (n = 12), it fell from 1.33 +/- 0.25 to 1.22 +/- 0.21 (p = 0.008). There was no significant correlation between change in saturation index and change in % deoxycholic acid or deoxycholic acid pool, nor between any of these parameters and change in transit time. Testa Triticum Tricum reduces the cholesterol saturation index of supersaturated bile but this action appears to be independent of its effect on colonic transit and of changes in deoxycholic acid metabolism.
Enhanced low shear stress induced platelet aggregation by Shiga-like toxin 1 purified fromEscherichia coli O157
Authors: Hideo Yagi, Nobuhiro Narita, Masanori Matsumoto, Yoshihiko Sakurai, Hisao Ikari, Akira Yoshioka, Eiji Kita, Yasuo Ikeda, Koiti Titani, Yoshihiro Fujimura
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

The effect of Shiga-like toxin 1 (Stx1) produced by Escherichia coli O157 on platelets was studied with an argon laser light-assisted shear-induced platelet aggregometer and with binding assays. Stx1 markedly enhanced the platelet aggregation under low shear stress but did not affect it under high shear stress. Minimal concentration of Stx1 required for the enhancement was 0.25 ng/ml, and almost maximal enhancement was observed at a final concentration of ≥2.5 ng/ml. This enhanced platelet aggregation disappeared after leukocyte depletion from normal platelet-rich plasma with a specific filter. In contrast, a standard platelet aggregometer was unable to detect this enhanced platelet aggregation in either the presence or the absence of ADP. 125I-labeled purified Stx1 did not specifically bind to normal washed platelets depleted of leukocytes, and thin-layer chromatographic analysis of glycolipids extracted from normal platelet lysates also confirmed that leukocyte-depleted normal platelets lack Stx1-specific receptor globotriaosylceramide (Gb3). Supernatant from the monocyte suspension stimulated with Stx1 exhibited the enhanced low shear stress induced platelet aggregation, but that from the polymorphonuclear cell suspension did not. Several cytokines produced from monocytes reproduced this event in vitro. Further, plasmas from six out of seven patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) had activity similar to the purified Stx1. This activity was almost totally impaired after treatment of HUS plasmas with Gb3 in accord with reduction of plasma Stx1 levels. Taken together, these results indicate that platelets lack Gb3, and Stx1 appears to modulate platelet aggregation in an indirect fashion, presumably by the release of cytokines or chemical compounds from the target tissues. Am. J. Hematol. 66:105–115, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Joseph Maxime Gerald Midol Brookes
Authors: R Gibbons
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Joe Brookes was born in Leeds and brought up at Kirkstall House near the abbey. His father was a successful general practitioner in Kirkstall, and his mother was a French governess who came to England at the age of 18. He was educated at Leeds Grammar School and then by the Jesuits at St Michael's College in Headingley.

In the family tradition he went up to Queens' College, Cambridge (1949-52), to read medicine and then St Mary's Hospital (1953-5) in Paddington.

He was a talented hooker and played for the …
Fine mapping of an IgE-controlling gene on chromosome 2q: Analysis of CTLA4 and CD28
Authors: Timothy D. Howard, Dirkje S. Postma, Gregory A. Hawkins, Gerard H. Koppelman, Siqun L. Zheng, Alicia K.S. Wysong, Jianfeng Xu, Deborah A. Meyers, Eugene R. Bleecker
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Learning natural numbers is conceptually different than learning counting numbers
Authors: Dwight Read
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract How children learn number concepts reflects the conceptual and logical distinction between counting numbers, based on a same-size concept for collections of objects, and natural numbers, constructed as an algebra defined by the Peano axioms for arithmetic. Cross-cultural research illustrates the cultural specificity of counting number systems, and hence the cultural context must be taken into account.
RETRACTED: Selective Targeting of Checkpoint Kinase 1 in Tumor Cells with a Novel Potent Oncolytic Adenovirus
Authors: Qinglei Gao, Jianfeng Zhou, Xiaoyuan Huang, Gang Chen, Fei Ye, Yunping Lu, Kanyan Li, Liang Zhuang, Mei Huang, Gang Xu, Shxuan Wang, Ding Ma
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the editor-in-chief. Similarities were reported between images in this article and an article in Clinical Cancer Research (Zhou et al., 2005, Clin. Cancer Res. 11, 8431-8440, https://10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-1085). Q.J., J.Z., X.H., G.C., Y.L., K.L., L.Z., and D.M. were all authors of the Clinical Cancer Research paper as well. These concerns were initially reported in a Pubpeer thread (https://pubpeer.com/publications/FF881782FF5AFD316D42E0C0F00766). Image analysis performed by the editorial office confirmed findings of image recycling in Figures 2A and 3B of the Molecular Therapy article. This reuse (and in part misrepresentation) of data without appropriate attribution represents a severe abuse of the scientific publishing system. Retraction Notice to: Selective Targeting of Checkpoint Kinase 1 in Tumor Cells with a Novel Potent Oncolytic AdenovirusGao et al.Molecular TherapyDecember 28, 2022In Brief(Molecular Therapy 13, 928–937; May 2006) Full-Text PDF
Murine CD1d-Restricted T Cell Recognition of Cellular Lipids
Authors: Jenny E Gumperz, Christopher Roy, Anna Makowska, Deirdre Lum, Masahiko Sugita, Theresa Podrebarac, Yasuhiko Koezuka, Steven A Porcelli, Susanna Cardell, Michael B Brenner, Samuel M Behar
Journal: Immunity (2000)
Testing cholesterol accuracy. Performance of several common laboratory instruments
Authors: D. D. Koch
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The national emphasis on assessing coronary risk by cholesterol testing mandates that analytical determinations be as accurate and precise as is medically necessary. One goal of the National Cholesterol Education Program is to improve the quality of laboratory tests. Currently, 5% limits of imprecision and 5% of bias vs the nationally accepted Abell-Kendall reference method is recommended, with a goal of reducing these limits to 3% by 1992. Clinicians must be aware of how the cholesterol values are obtained, and especially whether the laboratory's method meets the performance goals. We assayed patients' serum samples for cholesterol using several commercially available, routinely used enzymatic methods and by the Abell-Kendall reference method. Precision of these methods was also assessed using serum-based controls. All instruments were operated precisely according to the manufacturers' instructions. Performance was objectively judged based on the National Cholesterol Education Program goals and on medically allowable total error. In all cases, the DuPont aca, the Kodak Ektachem, the Hitachi 737, and the Cobas FARA determined cholesterol levels acceptably. The precision and accuracy goals of 3% are achievable by these methods.
Developing predictive molecular maps of human disease through community-based modeling
Authors: Jonathan M J Derry, Lara M Mangravite, Christine Suver, Matthew D Furia, David Henderson, Xavier Schildwachter, Brian Bot, Jonathan Izant, Solveig K Sieberts, Michael R Kellen, Stephen H Friend
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)

The inability to identify the molecular causes of disease has led to a disappointing rate of development of new medicines.By combining the power of community-based modeling with broad access to large datasets on a platform that promotes reproducible analyses, we can work toward more predictive molecular maps that can deliver better therapeutics. A better molecular understanding of disease is neededDrugs continue to fail in clinical development at a startlingly high rate despite unprecedented amounts of investment in research and development, largely as a result of a lack of efficacy in phase 2 trials 1 .This lack of efficiency stems from a failure in biology in selecting the correct target rather than a chemical failure; many compounds are shown to be safe and to engage the intended target, but they do not improve the primary clinical indication.This breakdown has its origins in the simplistic ways in which we identify potential drug targets for complex diseases and indicates a need for more innovative approaches to identify causal relationships between molecular entities and disease.Biology is rapidly becoming a science that is driven by technology and large-scale data.Herein lies an opportunity to transform our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of disease and develop modeling frameworks that can describe complex systems and predict their behavior.At one level, a simple pairwise analysis of alterations in human diseases may be useful for providing lists of altered components, but to uncover the essential mechanistic relationships between molecular changes and disease, more integrative modeling methods that combine multiple complex molecular traits with phenotypic outcomes will be required [2][3][4][5] .It is probable that the particular approach used will be linked to the question being addressed, such that problems of classification-for example, for disease outcome or drug response-may require different models from those used for questions directed at understanding mechanisms and predicting therapeutic intervention points.
Does paying for performance in primary care save lives?
Authors: G. Russell
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Probably not, according to state of the art evidence from the UK

Like most of us, health planners can’t resist an occasional look into a neighbour’s backyard. Sometimes the view is compelling enough to launch study tours, delegations, and professional exchanges. And there have been plenty of those sent to the National Health Service (NHS) since its inception in 1949. Outsiders have sought to learn from NHS innovations in team based care, commissioning, clinical governance,1 and, more recently, the “grand experiment” that became the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF).2 Forged by the tools, and inspired by the philosophies of evidence based medicine, the QOF has, since its introduction in 2003, dwarfed other attempts to bring pay for performance into primary care.3

In a linked paper (doi:10.1136/bmj.h904)—which may well turn out to be a seminal study of the impact of the QOF on population health—Kontopantelis and colleagues asked whether QOF performance at the practice level was associated with either all-cause mortality or with premature mortality attributed to incentivised conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, and chronic kidney disease.4 The authors used …
Food Reformulations to Reduce Trans Fatty Acids
Authors: Dariush Mozaffarian, Michael F. Jacobson, Julie S. Greenstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Food Reformulations to Reduce Trans Fatty Acids The authors investigated changes in the levels of trans fat and saturated fat in major brand-name U.S. supermarket and restaurant foods that were reformulated to reduce trans fatty acid content. Major brand-name reformulations generally reduced the trans fat content substantially without making equivalent increases in saturated fat content.
THE EFFECT OF STRAMONIUM IN PARKINSONISM
Authors: EDWARD D. HOEDEMAKER
Journal: JAMA (1930)

To that alert physician Dr. Stoerck 1 we are indebted for the introduction of datura stramonium in the cure of epilepsy, mania, and some other convulsive conditions. In 1797 Cooper 2 employed the drug at the Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, for the relief of mania, epilepsy and certain fevers. Since then stramonium has been used particularly for those ailments and also for headache, insomnia and muscular rheumatism.  In recent years stramonium has been employed in the treatment of parkinsonism, especially the postencephalitic type. In 1925 Juster 3 reported his results with stramonium and its effect on parkinsonian rigidity. He used datura stramonium, recommending the drug as the daily bread of parkinsonian patients. The next year Laignal-Levastine and Valence 4 reported their results with stramonium, the same form used by Juster. They noticed diminution or abolishment of rigidity and tremor, bradykinesia and excessive salivation, and were impressed with the improved mental attitude
Copper deficiency in pregnancy: Effect on maternal and fetal polyol metabolites
Authors: Meira Fields, Charles G. Lewis, Todd Beal, Daniel Scholfield
Journal: Metabolism (1990)

The present study was undertaken to determine whether the mortality of the fetus and the neonate of copper-deficient rats consuming fructose during pregnancy is associated with an aberration in carbohydrate metabolism. A total of 84 Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a copper-deficient or a copper-adequate diet containing fructose or starch for 19 or 21 days after conception. The consumption of a fructose-based diet during pregnancy resulted in higher concentrations of maternal blood fructose, sorbitol, triglyceride, and uric acid when compared with a starch diet. The placenta contained more than 10-fold the concentration of glucose and more than double the concentrations of fructose, triglycerides, and sorbitol when fructose was the dietary carbohydrate compared with starch. The livers of fetuses belonging to the fructose dietary group exhibited high concentrations of glucose and sorbitol. In addition, fetal blood contained higher concentrations of glucose, fructose, sorbitol, and triglycerides than the corresponding values from the starch dietary group. The consumption of a copper-deficient diet containing fructose during pregnancy resulted in massive subcutaneous hemorrhages of the fetus. In contrast, this pathology was rare in other dietary groups. The combination of copper deficiency with fructose feeding resulted in more than double the concentration of sorbitol in fetal liver, and higher concentrations of insulin and dopamine of fetal blood compared with the consumption of a copper-deficient diet containing starch.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Postgraduate training for overseas doctors in Britain
Authors: S Lowry, H Cope
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Foreign doctors, other than those from the European Economic Area, who want to train in Britain have to satisfy registration and immigration requirements before they can take up a post. The General Medical Council administers the registration regulations. These are quite separate from the immigration formalities, which are handled by the Home Office. The rules on both are complicated, and doctors should seek advice early to ensure that unnecessary difficulties do not add to the inevitable stresses associated with moving to a new country and working in a strange system.
The Osmolal Gap in Renal Failure
Authors: PHILO CALHOUN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1983The Osmolal Gap in Renal FailurePHILO CALHOUN, M.D.PHILO CALHOUN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-2-283_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Drs. Sklar and Linas conclude that their study reaffirms the sensitivity of osmolar gap determinations in identifying patients with ethylene glycol intoxication (1). Because their report did not look at patients with ethylene glycol poisoning the authors must have been attempting to show the specificity of the test rather than the sensitivity. However, their graph shows averages of calculated and measured osmolality rather than the average of differences (calculated osmolar gap). Also, because their data is not paired, it is difficult to determine the variability of calculated osmolar gap in patients with acute or chronic renal failure....Reference1. SKLAR A and LINAS S. The osmolal gap in renal failure. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:481-2. LinkGoogle Scholar1. SKLAR A and LINAS S. The osmolal gap in renal failure. Ann Intern Med. 1983;98:481-2. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: PHILO CALHOUN, M.D.Affiliations: University of Virginia Hospital Charlottesville, VA 22908 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byActivation of nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 in the peritoneal membrane of uremic patientsThe Use of the Osmole Gap as a Screening Test for the Presence of Exogenous Substances 1 August 1983Volume 99, Issue 2Page: 283-283KeywordsEthyleneIntoxicationRenal failureSpecificity ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
Does Laparoscopic Cardiomyotomy Require an Antireflux Procedure?
Authors: V. Kumar, S. M. Shimi, A. Cuschieri
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

There is controversy concerning the need for an antireflux procedure in patients undergoing open or endoscopic cardiomyotomy for achalasia. The addition of an antireflux wrap (partial or total), while preventing reflux, may result in persistence or incomplete relief of dysphagia in patients with total oesophageal aperistalsis. The technique of laparoscopic cardiomyotomy used in Dundee preserves the lateral and posterior attachments of the gastro-oesophageal junction, and was designed to minimize the risk of gastro-oesophageal reflux.A consecutive series of patients with achalasia (n = 19) were treated by laparoscopic cardiomyotomy using the Dundee technique, which limits the mobilization to the anterior wall of the abdominal and thoracic oesophagus. The patients were followed up prospectively to assess the long-term relief of dysphagia and the postoperative incidence of reflux symptoms, with or without oesophagitis.The follow-up symptoms and assessment of the patients (15-53 months, median 27 months) showed total relief (n = 12) or substantial relief (n = 5) of dysphagia in 89%. On assessment at a median follow-up of 27 months, the number of patients experiencing heartburn after this operation increased from four of 15 to five of 15, and one patient (6.6%) developed endoscopically proved oesophagitis, with a positive oesophageal pH monitoring test.The routine addition of an antireflux operation is not justified in patients undergoing laparoscopic cardiomyotomy, provided that the lateral and posterior attachment of the oesophagus are kept intact.