tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic inequalities in health in the Netherlands: impact of a five year research programme
Authors: J. P Mackenbach
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The attention paid to the socioeconomic inequalities in health in the Netherlands has increased greatly in recent years.A national research programme was started in 1989, and among other things, this has increased the yearly number of publications on socioeconomic inequalities in health by about 25%.The programme has increased awareness of inequalities among researchers and policy makers as well as improved the information available on health inequalities and the reasons for them.Cross party agreement on the need to reduce these inequalities has led to a consensus based approach which contrasts with the heavily politicised debate in countries such as the United Kingdom.The publication of the Black report in 19801 and the inclusion of a reduction of health inequalities among the World Health Organisation's Health for All policy targets in 19852 has increased interest in socioeconomic inequalities in health in many countries.In the Nether- lands, socioeconomic inequalities in health were politically a non-issue until the second half of the 1980s.In 1980 the Dutch Society for Social Medicine celebrated its 50th anniversary with a conference on socioeconomic inequalities in health,3 and the results of a thorough study of inequalities between neighbourhoods in Amsterdam were published,4 but neither of these initiatives was given political follow up.The position changed radically, however, after the Dutch government adopted the Health For All policy targets, and in 1986 the ministry of welfare, public health, and cultural affairs included a paragraph on inequalities in health in an important policy document.'After that, initiatives were taken from inside the ministry to put equity in health on the political agenda.6In 1987 a conference was organised under the aegis of the prestigious Scientific Council for Govern- ment Policy, and widespread press coverage was arranged for the publication of its proceedings.The report contained a proposal for a national research programme, which was launched in 1989.An independent committee was formed to develop and implement the research programme, and to report the results to the minister of welfare, public health, and cultural affairs after five years.
Statins and Cognitive Function
Authors: Karl Richardson, Marisa Schoen, Benjamin French, Craig A. Umscheid, Matthew D. Mitchell, Steven E. Arnold, Paul A. Heidenreich, Daniel J. Rader, Emil M. deGoma
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Background: Despite the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warning regarding cognitive impairment, the relationship between statins and cognition remains unknown. Purpose: To examine the effect of statins on cognition. Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception through October 2012; FDA databases from January 1986 through March 2012. Study Selection: Randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort, case–control, and cross-sectional studies evaluating cognition in patients receiving statins. Data Extraction: Two reviewers extracted data, 1 reviewer assessed study risk of bias, and 1 reviewer checked all assessments. Data Synthesis: Among statin users, low-quality evidence suggested no increased incidence of Alzheimer disease and no difference in cognitive performance related to procedural memory, attention, or motor speed. Moderate-quality evidence suggested no increased incidence of dementia or mild cognitive impairment or any change in cognitive performance related to global cognitive performance scores, executive function, declarative memory, processing speed, or visuoperception. Examination of the FDA postmarketing surveillance databases revealed a low reporting rate for cognitive-related adverse events with statins that was similar to the rates seen with other commonly prescribed cardiovascular medications. Limitations: The absence of many well-powered RCTs for most outcomes resulted in final strengths of evidence that were low or moderate. Imprecision, inconsistency, and risk of bias also limited the strength of findings. Conclusion: Larger and better-designed studies are needed to draw unequivocal conclusions about the effect of statins on cognition. Published data do not suggest an adverse effect of statins on cognition; however, the strength of available evidence is limited, particularly with regard to high-dose statins. Primary Funding Source: None.
UNTOWARD EFFECT OF ADRENALIN IN THE URETHRA.
Authors: W. S. JOHNSON
Journal: JAMA (1905)

A patient whom I have been treating for stricture of the urethra, and in whom I have passed sounds for several months, came to my office in his usual good spirits, and in perfect health. After passing a No. 27 French sound, there was some little bleeding from the urethra, which I attempted to check with a solution of adrenalin chlorid, 1-4000, injected in the urethra with an ordinary glass syringe, filling the entire anterior urethra. The following symptoms occurred instantaneously: Lividity or pale lead color of the skin; the eyes set and glassy, the patient crying out, complaining of a bursting sensation in his abdomen, chest, neck and head, saying the top of his head would burst open; a tingling and pressure in hands, arms, legs and feet; vomiting of a projectile character, followed by complete collapse, without loss of consciousness, lasting for a period of ten minutes; respiration
S73 Macrophages as vehicles for delivering cell therapy to injured lung
Authors: K. McNulty, C. J. Scotton, E. K. Sage, R. C. Chambers, S. M. Janes
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Injury to the alveolar epithelium underlies a number of important lung diseases, exemplified by the syndromes of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome, which currently have a poor prognosis. Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is a mitogen for, and exerts beneficial effects on, type II alveolar epithelial cells. Pre-treatment with KGF is associated with improvements in outcomes in animal models of lung injury, but the use of recombinant KGF as a clinical therapy is limited by its short bioavailability and lack of specificity. We sought to determine whether macrophages could be used as vehicles to deliver KGF therapy to the injured lung. <h3>Methods</h3> Macrophages from a murine macrophage cell line (IC-21) were transduced with a lentiviral vector expressing KGF and the reporter gene GFP. Mice were given oropharyngeal (OP) bleomycin to induce lung injury. On days one and three after induction of lung injury, mice were given 3×10<sup>6</sup> KGF-transduced IC-21 cells (or controls) by OP instillation. Mice were sacrificed on day 5, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was harvested and lungs were processed for histology. For in vivo tracking experiments, IC-21 macrophages were transduced with a lentiviral vector expressing luciferase and mice were imaged longitudinally using real-time bioluminescence imaging. <h3>Results</h3> KGF-expression was confirmed in KGF-lentivirus-transduced macrophages, however delivery of these cells was not associated with improvements in measures of alveolar-capillary membrane permeability (BALF albumin) or inflammation (total and differential cell counts) after lung injury. Cells expressing GFP were recovered in BALF, and immunohistochemistry showed groups of cells close to conducting airways. Longitudinal imaging of mice after OP delivery of luciferase-transduced IC-21 cells suggested that cells initially localised to the lungs, but did not persist at 48 h after delivery. <h3>Conclusions</h3> KGF-expressing macrophages can be generated using lentiviral vectors, but therapeutic delivery of these cells to the lungs did not improve measured outcomes in the mouse bleomycin lung injury model. Longitudinal imaging suggested that the lack of therapeutic efficacy of KGF-transduced macrophages may be due to their limited survival, and future work should focus on optimising macrophage delivery and survival in vivo.
House of Lords' vote on health secretary's responsibility for NHS services is delayed
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The issue of whether the health secretary is responsible for providing NHS services in England under the Health and Social Care Bill remained unresolved this week after amendments tabled in the House of Lords by two peers were withdrawn without a vote.

The health minister Earl Howe has agreed to further discussions to try to resolve what has proved a tricky political and constitutional issue. The bill seeks to delegate as much responsibility as possible to the NHS Commissioning Board and clinical commissioning groups, but its critics say that the health secretary must remain ultimately answerable. It will not be good enough, they argue, for him to stand up in parliament and declare that he takes no responsibility for decisions made.

Labour opponents …
Conformation of the Human Immunoglobulin G2 Hinge Imparts Superagonistic Properties to Immunostimulatory Anticancer Antibodies
Authors: Ann L White, H T Claude Chan, Ruth R French, Jane Willoughby, C Ian Mockridge, Ali Roghanian, Christine A Penfold, Steven G Booth, Ali Dodhy, Marta E Polak, Elizabeth A Potter, Michael R Ardern-Jones, J Sjef Verbeek, Peter W M Johnson, Aymen Al-Shamkhani, Mark S Cragg, Stephen A Beers, Martin J Glennie
Journal: Cancer Cell (2014)

Highlights•Immunomodulatory mAbs are revolutionizing cancer treatment but need optimization•Agonistic mAbs are generally dependent on FcγR crosslinking for activity•An unusual disulfide hinge configuration in human IgG2 is superagonistic•IgG2 engineering provides therapeutics that are active in tissues devoid of FcγRSummaryMonoclonal antibody (mAb) drugs that stimulate antitumor immunity are transforming cancer treatment but require optimization for maximum clinical impact. Here, we show that, unlike other immunoglobulin isotypes, human IgG2 (h2) imparts FcγR-independent agonistic activity to immune-stimulatory mAbs such as anti-CD40, -4-1BB, and -CD28. Activity is provided by a subfraction of h2, h2B, that is structurally constrained due its unique arrangement of hinge region disulfide bonds. Agonistic activity can be transferred from h2 to h1 by swapping their hinge and CH1 domains, and substitution of key hinge and CH1 cysteines generates homogenous h2 variants with distinct agonistic properties. This provides the exciting opportunity to engineer clinical reagents with defined therapeutic activity regardless of FcγR expression levels in the local microenvironment.
serial (postintervention and follow-up) volumetric intravascular ultrasound findings in recurrent in-stent restenosis lesions: a comparison of native coronary artery and saphenous vein grafts after conventional catheter-based treatment
Authors: Javed M. Ahmed, Gary S. Mintz, Marco T. Castagna, Marco Zimarino, Ron Waksman, Augusto D. Pichard, Lowell F. Satler, Kenneth M. Kent, Neil J. Weissman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
CONTACT ALLERGY TO AN OPTICAL WHITENER, “CPY”, IN WASHING POWDERS
Authors: P. E. OSMUNDSEN, M. D. ALANI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

SUMMARY.— In 16 months contact dermatitis from an optical whitener, Tinopal CH 3566, was diagnosed in 167 patients at the Finsen Institute. The dermatitis presented as a textile dermatitis. Since “Tinopal” covers a wide range of chemically unrelated optical whiteners, the designation “CPY” is introduced for the particular pyrazoline derivative implicated in this dermatitis. This product sensitized 16 of 20 animals in the guinea‐pig maximization test: this rates this optical whitener as a strong sensitizer. The result of patch testing in some of the patients with a number of pyrazoline derivatives points to the 4‐position in the pyrazoline ring and the para‐position in the l‐benzyl‐ring as key positions. Benzylsalicylate evoked a positive reaction in 16 of 88 patients. Seven of 13 patients showed a positive patch test to “Nylon” washed in a detergent containing the brightener.
The Continuing Unethical Conduct of Underpowered Clinical Trials
Authors: Scott D. Halpern
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Despite long-standing critiques of the conduct of underpowered clinical trials, the practice not only remains widespread, but also has garnered increasing support. Patients and healthy volunteers continue to participate in research that may be of limited clinical value, and authors recently have offered 2 related arguments to support the validity and value of underpowered clinical trials: that meta-analysis may "save" small studies by providing a means to combine the results with those of other similar studies to enable estimates of an intervention's efficacy, and that although small studies may not provide a good basis for testing hypotheses, they may provide valuable estimates of treatment effects using confidence intervals. In this article, we examine these arguments in light of the distinctive moral issues associated with the conduct of underpowered trials, the disclosures that are owed to potential participants in underpowered trials so they may make autonomous enrollment decisions, and the circumstances in which the prospects for future meta-analyses may justify individually underpowered trials. We conclude that underpowered trials are ethical in only 2 situations: small trials of interventions for rare diseases in which investigators document explicit plans for including their results with those of similar trials in a prospective meta-analysis, and early-phase trials in the development of drugs or devices, provided they are adequately powered for defined purposes other than randomized treatment comparisons. In both cases, investigators must inform prospective subjects that their participation may only indirectly contribute to future health care benefits.
Uveal Autoantibody in Ocular Disease
Authors: Samuel B. Aronson
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Uveal autoantibody has been noted in patients with ocular disease in significantly greater numbers than in patients without known ocular disease. The occurrence of this antibody has been correlated with bilaterality, duration, and severity of disease. Although a large number of specific ocular syndromes have been evaluated, no individual diagnosis has demonstrated a significantly greater incidence of uveal autoantibody than occurred in the overall ocular disease group.
Evidence for the presence of calsequestrin in both peripheral and interior regions of sheep Purkinje fibers.
Authors: A O Jorgensen, A G McLeod, K P Campbell, G H Denney
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

Localization of calsequestrin in sheep Purkinje fibers was determined by indirect immunofluorescence labeling of cryostat sections of sheep myocardium from the intraventricular wall. The results presented show that calsequestrin is present in discrete foci at the peripheral, as well as the interior regions of the cytoplasm. Since Purkinje fibers lack transverse tubules, the presence of calsequestrin at specific foci in the interior regions of the cytoplasm in these cells suggests that calsequestrin is localized in the lumen of peripheral junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum, as well as in the lumen of corbular sarcoplasmic reticulum present in the I band region of the myofibrils. Assuming that the function of calsequestrin is to sequester calcium into the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, these results imply that two structurally different regions of the sarcoplasmic reticulum function as calcium storage sites in mammalian Purkinje fibers and raises the possibility that calcium storage and/or release from these two sites might be regulated differently.
Familial Liver-Cell Adenomas and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: James H. Foster, Thomas A. Donohue, Martin M. Berman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

A FAMILY has been recently encountered in which at least four members have liver-cell adenomas. All affected family members are diabetic, two also have sclerocystic ovaries, and two ancestors have died with hepatocellular carcinoma. This unusual familial prevalence with associated endocrine abnormalities may provide a clue to the cause of these rare hepatic lesions.Case ReportsCase 1. An 18-year-old insulin-dependent girl had sudden severe abdominal pain for which she underwent surgical exploration at another hospital. The presumptive diagnosis was acute cholecystitis. A large, hemorrhagic liver tumor was found, but not resected, and sclerocystic ovaries were noted. Subsequent angiography demonstrated . . .
Asthma-related Work Disability in Sweden
Authors: PAUL D. BLANC, SUSAN ELLBJÄR, CHRISTER JANSON, DAN NORBÄCK, EVA NORRMAN, PETER PLASCHKE, KJELL TORÉN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Work disability due to respiratory disease, especially asthma, is common and costly among working age adults. The goal of this analysis was to characterize the risk factors for such disability. We analyzed data from the Swedish part of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS), a random population-based sample of adults age 20 to 44, enriched with symptomatic subjects at increased likelihood of having asthma. We analyzed structured interview data available for 2,065 subjects and further analyzed methacholine challenge and skin prick test data for 1,562 of these. We defined respiratory work disability as reported job change or work loss due to breathing affected by a job. We used binary generalized linear modeling with a log link to estimate disability risk. Eighty-four subjects (4%) reported such work disability. This increased to 13% among those with asthma (45 of 350 subjects). Adjusting for covariates, occupations at high risk for asthma were associated with disability (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1 to 3.0), as was self-reported regular exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) at work (PR 1.8; 95% CI 1.1 to 3.1) and self- reported job exposure to vapors, gases, dust, or fumes (VGDF) (PR 4.3; 95% CI 2.2 to 8.6). Workplace ETS exposure was also associated with methacholine challenge–positive asthma reported to be symptomatic at work among male subjects (PR 4.2; 95% CI 1.8 to 9.8), whereas high asthma-risk occupations were associated with this outcome among female subjects (PR 2.7; 95% CI 1.05 to 7.1). Respiratory work disability, defined as breathing-related job change due to work loss, was associated with workplace exposures themselves, even after taking into account other covariates. Better control of workplace exposures, including workplace ETS, may reduce work disability caused by respiratory conditions, especially adult asthma. Blanc PD, Ellbjär S, Janson C, Norbäck D, Norrman E, Plaschke P, Torén K. Asthma-related work disability in Sweden: the impact of workplace exposures.
Postoperative leg vein thrombosis.
Authors: F S Doran
Journal: BMJ (1971)

admission she was hypothermic (93 °F, 34GC, rectal), extremely dehydrated, blood pressure 120/ 80 mm Hg and pulse rate 66/minute.She was drowsy and confused.The plasma potassium was 5-2 mEq/l., urea 150 mg/ 100 ml, bicarbonate 5 mEq/l.and blood glucose 600 mg/ 100 ml.Arterial Po2 was 92 and Pco, 13 mm Hg with a pH of less than 6-8.The Ketostix test onWe are grateful to Professor P. B.
RESULTS GAINED IN MATERNITY CASES IN WHICH ANTENATAL CARE HAS BEEN GIVEN
Authors: FRED L. ADAIR
Journal: JAMA (1923)

It is now well recognized that maternal welfare includes both medical and social activities. It is not our purpose to go into a consideration of the latter phase, but we wish to emphasize the importance of having this sort of work closely coupled with the medical activities. We include under medical activities those which fall within the scope of nursing as well as those which fall to the lot of physicians and surgeons. The medical men to whom women come for maternity care should not take a narrow obstetric view of their patients. We as obstetricians must be more than obstetric specialists, and must not only consider the general health and welfare of the mother but also constantly remember the life of the offspring committed to our care. One might ask when prenatal care should begin. One could answer that it begins in the antenatal period with the prevention of
Boerhaave's syndrome. Spontaneous formation of an esophageal-bronchial fistula
Authors: E. A. Zenone
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Although Boerhaave's syndrome is usually a surgical emergency, we recently observed a 57-year-old man with a chronic Boerhaave's syndrome. Initially, he responded to conservative management. However, the spontaneous formation of an esophageal-bronchial fistula complicated his course. Pulmonary symptoms and weight loss prompted surgical intervention. We speculate that the patient's six-week clinical course before surgery was tolerated because the contamination of the mediastinum following the initial esophageal tear was well contained and allowed sufficient time for the spontaneous formation of an esophageal-bronchial fistula. (<i>JAMA</i>238:2048-2049, 1977)
1037 DISCORDANCE BETWEEN THREE SUCCESSIVE FIBROSCAN MEASUREMENTS MIRRORS THE VARIABILITY OF LIVER FIBROSIS
Authors: S. Zelber-Sagi, H. Yeshua, S. Levit, Y. Luria, L. Blendis, M. Leshno, Z. Halpern, R. Oren
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Traumatic Disorders of the Shoulder
Authors: Robert O. Cone, Donald Resnick
Journal: JAMA (1984)

TRAUMATIC derangements of the glenohumeral joint are commonly encountered in clinical practice. These abnormalities may be acute or chronic and involve the bony supporting structures, cartilaginous elements, and/or periarticular soft tissues of the shoulder. The clinical presentation is usually nonspecific, and appropriate radiological techniques may be diagnostic. <h3>Radiological Evaluation</h3> In most instances, a radiological examination consisting of two or three projections of the glenohumeral joint is adequate. Anteroposterior roentgenograms, obtained with the arm in internal and external rotation, constitute the basic study. In external rotation, the humeral head has a club shape, with the greater tuberosity forming a smooth protuberance along its lateral aspect (Fig 1, left). In internal rotation, the humeral head assumes a symmetrical shape resembling a light bulb, with the greater tuberosity observed<i>en face</i>and the lesser tuberosity forming the medial border (Fig 1, right). These projections do not constitute an ideal examination since the glenohumeral
Forced expiratory flows’ contribution to lung function interpretation in schoolchildren
Authors: Bernard Boutin, Marc Koskas, Houda Guillo, Lucia Maingot, Marie-Claude La Rocca, Michèle Boulé, Jocelyne Just, Isabelle Momas, Alberti Corinne, Nicole Beydon
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Forced expiratory flow (FEF) at low lung volumes are supposed to be better at detecting lung-function impairment in asthmatic children than a forced volume. The aim of this study was to examine whether FEF results could modify the interpretation of baseline and post-bronchodilator spirometry in asthmatic schoolchildren in whom forced expiratory volumes are within the normal range. Spirometry, with post-bronchodilator vital capacity within 10% of that of baseline in healthy and asthmatic children, was recorded prospectively. We defined abnormal baseline values expressed as z-scores &lt;-1.645, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) reversibility as a baseline increase &gt;12%, FEF reversibility as an increase larger than the 2.5th percentile of post-bronchodilator changes in healthy children. Among 66 healthy and 50 asthmatic schoolchildren, only two (1.7%) children with normal vital capacity and no airways obstruction had abnormal baseline forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of forced vital capacity (FEF 25–75% ). After bronchodilation, among the 45 asthmatic children without FEV 1 reversibility, 5 (11.1%) had an FEF 25–75% increase that exceeded the reference interval. Isolated abnormal baseline values or significant post-bronchodilator changes in FEF are rare situations in asthmatic schoolchildren with good spirometry quality.