tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of Gonorrhea in Male Patients by Culture of Uncentrifuged First-Voided Urine
Authors: William C. Feng
Journal: JAMA (1977)

THE VAST majority of gonococcal infections in men are localized in the uniquely accessible male urethra, where the disease usually manifests itself as an acute or chronic urethritis with recognizable symptoms and signs. The urethral site of these infections offers an unusually favorable opportunity for a simple method of collecting laboratory specimens, because the urethra can easily be washed out by the patient himself with a small amount of his own readily available urine. The report by Moore et al<sup>1</sup>in 1973 is apparently the only major study in the past 20 years on the use of urine for diagnosis of gonorrhea in the male. Riggs,<sup>2</sup>in a short letter to the editors ofThe Journalin 1975, recommended the use of a few drops of urine passed on a swab which is used as a culture sample. With the exception of Riggs' brief note, all previous studies
Spontaneous resolution of massive congenital tricuspid insufficiency.
Authors: R J Boucek, T P Graham, J P Morgan, G F Atwood, R C Boerth
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Four cases of congenital tricuspid insufficiency (CTI) are presented in whom spontaneous improvement occured. There was no evidence of Ebstein's disease in three of the four. All presented with similar clinical and laboratory findings including massive cardiomegaly, mild to moderate congestive heart failure, and moderate to severe desaturation. Catheterization data demonstrated severe TI and right-to-left atrial shunting. During the period of follow-up, up to 3.5 years, all symptoms have spontaneously disappeared. Clinical and angiocardiographic evidence for minimal residual TI have remained. Right atrial and right ventricular volume measurements were markedly abnormal initially and returned to normal or near normal. These measurements may be a useful method for quantitating the severity of tricuspid insufficiency. The course of the three infants with massive CTI (without Ebstein's disease) differs from previous reports and may be important both in formulating future management plans and in defining the etiology of the disorder.
An Anatomical Aid for the Evaluation of Computed Tomography Scans: A Photographic Cross-section Atlas of the Head and Neck with CT Images and Graphic Reconstructions
Authors: Bruce Silver
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Computed tomography (CT) has already changed  practice of neuroradiology and neurosurgery. Improved technology and  high resolution of third- and fourth-generation scanners have increased  potential of CT of  head and neck.  The authors of this well-prepared and detailed atlas have attempted to cover the missing anatomic details of conventional CT scanning of  brain. Anatomically, they have succeeded. Photographs of  thin-sectioned specimens are superb. Classic anatomic labeling is precise. Graphic reconstructions of clinically relevant structures give  three-dimensional detail applicable to reconstruction in longitudinal and axial planes.  Unfortunate, and readily acknowledged by  authors, is  use of an early generation scanner, whose images pale next to  excellent photographic sections. Additionally, CT images through  neck are not included.  The authors believe that their atlas will appeal to neurologists and neurosurgeons rather than radiologists. However, with  capabilities of newer scanners and  increasing number
Abstract 1027: EGFR targeting antibody SYM004 causes radiosensitization in tumor cells expressing wild-type K-Ras via modulation of MAPK signaling.
Authors: Jarob Saker, Shyhmin Huang, Lindsey Park, Mikkel Pedersen, Michael Kragh, Paul Harari
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract SYM004 is a promising new cancer therapeutic agent containing a mixture of two antibodies that target distinct epitopes on domain III of the EGFR. Treatment of tumor cells with SYM004 leads to clustering of EGFR followed by rapid internalization and degradation. We have recently shown that the combination of SYM004 and radiation therapy (RT) induces potent anti-tumor effects in head and neck (H&amp;N) and lung cancer cell lines. In this study we demonstrate that radiosensitization via SYM004 correlates with inhibition of DNA double strand break repair and induction of apoptosis. These effects are promoted by down regulation of the MAPK pathway. Treatment of SCC6 and H226 cell lines with SYM004 for 30min or 24h prior to irradiation leads to a 1.2 - 1.7 fold increase in unrepaired DNA double strand breaks (DSB) 24h after 2 Gy RT (detected via DNA repair foci formation). The fraction of early (1.8 -1.9 fold) and late (1.3 - 1.7 fold) apoptotic cells increased in both cell lines. However, these effects were reversible by treating the cells with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), an activator of Raf, for 30 min before RT at concentrations as low as 0.1 μM. In addition, mutant K-Ras cells lines A549 and H358 showed no radiosensitization after treatment with SYM004 for 24h prior to RT via DNA repair or apoptosis. Furthermore, transfection of SCC6 cell lines with a K-Ras version carrying an activating SNP (G12V) reversed the inhibitory effect on DNA repair induced by SYM004 in wild type K-Ras cells. These data suggest that the superior impact of combination therapy with SYM004 and RT on wild type K-Ras tumor cell lines reflects alterations in DNA repair and apoptosis via modulation of the MAPK pathway. Citation Format: Jarob Saker, Shyhmin Huang, Lindsey Park, Mikkel Pedersen, Michael Kragh, Paul Harari. EGFR targeting antibody SYM004 causes radiosensitization in tumor cells expressing wild-type K-Ras via modulation of MAPK signaling. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1027. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1027
Randomized trial of loperamide versus dose escalation of octreotide acetate for chemotherapy-induced diarrhea in bone marrow transplant and leukemia patients
Authors: Robert B. Geller, Claire E. Gilmore, Suzanne P. Dix, Lillian S. Lin, Donna L. Topping, Terri G. Davidson, H. Kent Holland, John R. Wingard
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

Abstract This study compares maximal daily doses of loperamide to escalating doses of continuous intravenous (Cl) octreotide acetate in bone marrow transplant (BMT) and leukemia patients. A total of 36 patients were enrolled in the study. Of these, all were evaluable for intention to treat, and 31 were evaluable for initial response. Based on intent to treat at the initial 48 hr, patients receiving loperamide had a higher complete response rate (86% vs. 45%, P = 0.033) than did those who received octreotide. By treatment analysis (patients who actually received the drug), patients receiving loperamide had a higher complete response rate (92% vs. 56%, P = 0.0448) than did those who received octreotide at the 150 μg dosage level. Additional octreotide patients eventually achieved a CR at a higher dosage level (78%). Loperamide at maximal doses of 4 mg po q6h is more effective than octreotide 150 μg Cl in treating diarrhea following chemotherapy in BMT and leukemia patients. Higher doses of octreotide may be required in a significant number of patients not responding to lower doses. Following chemotherapy, BMT and leukemia patients who developed ≧600 ml of stool volume in a 24‐hr period were randomized to receive loperamide 4 mg po q6h or octreotide 150 μg mixed in hyperalimentation solution or normal saline and administered Cl. Patients were assessed at 48 hr intervals for decrease in stool volume from baseline. Complete response (CR) was defined as ≧50% from baseline stool volume (BSV). Patients receiving octreotide who did not achieve a CR at 48 hr were dose escalated by doubling the dose to a maximum of 2,400 μg with evaluations at 48 hr intervals. Patients receiving loperamide who did not achieve a CR at 48 hr had treatment discontinued.
Fluoxetine for depression in diabetes: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
Authors: P J Lustman, K E Freedland, L S Griffith, R E Clouse
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: Depression is prevalent in patients with diabetes. It is associated with poor glycemic control and is linked to an increased risk for diabetic complications. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of fluoxetine for depression in patients with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Sixty patients with diabetes (type 1, n = 26; type 2, n = 34) and major depressive disorder entered an 8-week randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial. Patients were given daily doses of fluoxetine (up to 40 mg/day). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) were used to measure the severity of depression and to determine the percentage of patients who achieved substantial improvement or complete remission. GHb levels were obtained to monitor glycemic control. RESULTS: Reduction in depression symptoms was significantly greater in patients treated with fluoxetine compared with those receiving placebo (BDI, -14.0 vs. -8.8, P = 0.03; HAMD, -10.7 vs. -5.2, P = 0.01). The percentage of patients achieving a significant improvement in depression per the BDI was also higher in the fluoxetine group (66.7 vs. 37.0%, P = 0.03). Additionally, trends toward a greater rate of depression remission (48.1 vs. 25.9%, P = 0.09 per the HAMD) and greater reduction in GHb (-0.40 vs. -0.07%, P = 0.13) were observed in the fluoxetine group. CONCLUSIONS: Fluoxetine effectively reduces the severity of depression in diabetic patients. Our study demonstrated that after only 8 weeks, this treatment also produced a trend toward better glycemic control.
Why January is a testing time for GPs
Authors: Margaret McCartney
Journal: BMJ (2005)

L ife would be so much easier if I believed that well people should frequently have lots of unvalidated tests. At this time of year, when newspapers devote column inches to health checks that people should have, what an attractive business private healthcare screening appears: self selected, upwardly mobile, possible guilty patients, accompanied by luxury appointment times, and possibly even the fragrance of freshly cut flowers wafting somewhere overhead.

Of course, I'm not bitter. Not even with the prospect of dealing with surgeries full of patients who have read this stuff. I was pleased to see Scotland's Sunday Herald in a piece called “Checks and balances” (2 January 2005) starting off with stop smoking, drink moderately, do some exercise, and even mentioning sexual health as something to think about getting screened for. But then it got interesting. Self examine your breasts or testicles monthly, the paper said, and although “many basic checks” can be carried out by the NHS, “more invasive checks can'tbe done unless there is definite reason for doing …
Persistent Carriage of Hepatitis E Virus in Patients with HIV Infection
Authors: Harry R. Dalton, Richard P. Bendall, Frances E. Keane, Richard S. Tedder, Samreen Ijaz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

in certain patients.Because of this error, an increase in the albumin-to-creatinine ratio was not reported for some patients.Table 3, which has been corrected at NEJM.org, now has slightly smaller sample sizes than those shown in the original version of the table.Patients who had only one follow-up visit were included in the original table.By definition, these patients could not have had progression, since an elevated albumin-tocreatinine ratio for 2 successive years was required to show progression.Both progression from normal to either microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria (P = 0.03) and progression from either normal or microalbuminuria to macroalbuminuria (P = 0.04) favor intensive treatment.Any progression of albuminuria is now highly statistically significant (P<0.01);13.8% of the patients in the standard-therapy group, as compared with 9.1% of patients in the intensivetherapy group, had worsening albuminuria.We appreciate the opportunity to update our results regarding nephropathy, but we regret any confusion this may cause.The rest of Table 3 remains unaffected.As a consequence of these changes in Table 3, parts of the Abstract, Results, and Discussion are affected (see the correction notice in this issue of the Journal), but the overall conclusions of the trial are similar.We regret these errors.
Some observations on the intrinsic nervous mechanism in Hirschsprung's disease
Authors: G. M. Frigo, M. Del Tacca, S. Lecchini, A. Crema
Journal: Gut (1973)

Both at rest and during transmural stimulation acetylcholine output from isolated longitudinal and circular muscle strips is significantly higher in the spastic segment than in the proximal dilated bowel. No difference has been found in the tissue concentration of acetylcholine between ganglionic and aganglionic specimens. The pattern of response to transmural stimulation is also similar in the spastic and dilated bowel. However, after cholinergic and adrenergic blockade transmural stimulation fails to induce relaxation in aganglionic specimens, as it does in normal colon. The hypotheses are advanced that the increase in acetylcholine output may be partly dependent on a failure of the intrinsic modulating mechanisms and that an alteration of the non-adrenergic inhibitory neurons may be involved in the motor disturbances of the aganglionic tract.
Interferon and Genital Warts
Authors: Gerd Gross
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The editorial by Dr Kirby<sup>1</sup>entitled "Interferon and Genital Warts: Much Potential, Modest Progress," leaves untouched some recent developments in the use of interferon for treatment of genital papillomavirus infections. We have found that low doses of recombinant interferon alpha 2a (Hoffmann-La Roche, Basle, Switzerland) or recombinant interferon alpha 2c (Thomae/Boehringer-Ingelheim, Federal Republic of Germany) (1 × 10<sup>6</sup>to 5×.10<sup>6</sup>U/d, subcutaneously) are equally potent, and perhaps even more potent, than high-dose treatment (18 × 10<sup>6</sup>U/d) and that they cause fewer side effects.<sup>2,3</sup>In addition, when administered cyclically (for seven days followed by a therapy-free interval of four weeks, repeated approximately three times), low-dose interferon is highly effective with only minimal side effects.<sup>3</sup>With cyclic treatment, neutralizing antibodies against interferon are only rarely observed (one of 23 patients with genital warts treated with recombinant interferon alpha 2a had such antibodies
Enhanced glutathione PEGylated liposomal brain delivery of an anti-amyloid single domain antibody fragment in a mouse model for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Maarten Rotman, Mick M. Welling, Anton Bunschoten, Maaike E. de Backer, Jaap Rip, Rob J.A. Nabuurs, Pieter J. Gaillard, Mark A. van Buchem, Silvère M. van der Maarel, Louise van der Weerd
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)
Reusable learning objects
Authors: Kieran Walsh
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Does your institution or medical school have online learning resources? If you are lucky then you may have access to a wealth of online learning modules or objects, but if you're in a poor institution then you probably wont. But no matter how big your institution, it's a fair guess that its online learning resources will have at least some gaps. How should you fill them?

One possibility would be for all medical schools everywhere to share their online learning resources. This is the idea of Ron Harden, and he and his …
Clonality analysis after retroviral-mediated gene transfer to CD34+ cells from the cord blood of ADA-deficient SCID neonates
Authors: Manfred Schmidt, Denise A. Carbonaro, Carsten Speckmann, Manuela Wissler, John Bohnsack, Melissa Elder, Bruce J. Aronow, Jan A. Nolta, Donald B. Kohn, Christof von Kalle
Journal: Nature Medicine (2003)
Nutrition and Hydration for the Terminally III
Authors: Ann Fade
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr McCann and colleagues<sup>1</sup>are to be commended for their contribution to our information about dying patients' needs regarding nutrition and hydration. Research such as this confirms what many who care for the dying have observed: that dying patients do not experience discomfort when nutrition and hydration are provided only when requested. This result has important implications for the use of artificial nutrition and hydration for patients near the end of life who can no longer express their own wishes. A decade ago, 10 well-known physicians made the then radical statement that "[n]aturally or artificially administered hydration and nutrition may be given or withheld [from hopelessly ill patients], depending on the patient's comfort."<sup>2</sup>(This article was the consensus of the physicians who participated in a meeting hosted by the Society for the Right to Die, one of the precursor organizations of Choice In Dying.) During
Osteoporosis and osteopenia in adults and adolescents with cystic fibrosis: prevalence and associated factors
Authors: S P Conway
Journal: Thorax (2000)

Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have many risk factors for reduced bone mineral density (BMD). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in a large cross section of patients and to identify risk factors.All patients attending the regional centre were invited to participate in the study. Bone mineral density was measured at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and for total body with a Lunar DPX-L densitometer. Multiple indices of disease severity were investigated, and liver and thyroid function, blood calcium, phosphate, 25-OH vitamin D, follicle stimulating and luteinising hormone, oestradiol, and testosterone levels were measured. Patients completed a four day prospective dietary diary. Exercise was assessed by a seven day activity recall questionnaire. Sexual development and treatment histories were obtained. The relationship between all these variables and BMD measurements was analysed.Sixty six percent of 114 patients assessed had osteopenia or osteoporosis. The Shwachman-Kulczycki (SK) clinical score (higher score = less severe disease) correlated significantly with BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, and with total body BMD (p<0.001). There was a predicted increase of 0.0032 g/cm(2) in lumbar spine BMD for every unit increase in the SK score. Oral steroid use was significantly associated with reduced BMD at the lumbar spine (p = 0.017) and femoral neck (p = 0.027).Osteopenia and osteoporosis are common findings in a heterogeneous population of adults with CF. Patients at most risk are those with severe disease and those who have used corticosteroids.
Is bile acid a determinant of the gut microbiota on a high-fat diet?
Authors: Atsushi Yokota, Satoru Fukiya, K.B.M. Saiful Islam, Tadasuke Ooka, Yoshitoshi Ogura, Tetsuya Hayashi, Masahito Hagio, Satoshi Ishizuka
Journal: Gut Microbes (2012)

Recently, we discovered that bile acid, a main component of bile, is a host factor that regulates the composition of the cecal microbiota in rats. Because bile secretion increases on a high-fat diet and bile acids generally have strong antimicrobial activity, we speculated that bile acids would be a determinant of the gut microbiota in response to a high-fat diet. The observed changes in the rat cecal microbiota triggered by cholic acid (the most abundant bile acid in human biliary bile) administration resemble those found in animals fed high-fat diets. Here, we discuss the rationale for this hypothesis by evaluating reported diet-induced gut microbiota alterations based on the postulate that bile acids worked as an underlying determinant. The identification of host factors determining the gut microbiota greatly contributes to understanding the causal relationships between changes in the gut microbiota and disease development, which remain to be elucidated.
Antidepressants as risk factor for ischaemic heart disease: case-control study in primary care
Authors: J. Hippisley-Cox, M. Pringle, V. Hammersley, N. Crown, A. Wynn, A. Meal, C. Coupland
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To determine whether antidepressants are a risk factor for ischaemic heart disease and to compare the risk for different subgroups of antidepressants and individual antidepressants. <b>Design:</b> Case-control study. <b>Setting:</b> Nine general practices recruited from the Trent Focus Collaborative Research Network. <b>Participants:</b> 933 men and women with ischaemic heart disease matched by age, sex, and practice to 5516 controls. <b>Main outcome measure:</b> Adjusted odds ratio for ischaemic heart disease calculated by logistic regression. <b>Results:</b> Odds ratios for ischaemic heart disease were significantly raised for patients who had ever received a prescription for tricyclic antidepressants even after diabetes, hypertension, smoking, body mass index, and use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors had been adjusted for (1.56; 95% confidence interval 1.18 to 2.05). Patients who had ever taken dosulepin (dothiepin) had a significantly raised odds ratio for ischaemic heart disease after adjustment for confounding factors and use of other antidepressants (1.67, 1.17 to 2.36). There was no significant increase in the odds ratios for amitriptyline, lofepramine, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in multivariate analysis. Increasing maximum doses of dosulepin were associated with increasing odds ratios for ischaemic heart disease. Similarly, there was a significant positive trend associated with increasing numbers of prescriptions of dosulepin (adjusted odds ratio 1.52 for 1 prescription, 1.39 for 2-3, and 1.96 for ≥4, P&lt;0.002). <b>Conclusion:</b> There is good evidence for an association between dosulepin and subsequent ischaemic heart disease and for a dose-response relation. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Over 45% of patients in hospital after myocardial infarction have depression Depression is an independent risk factor for increased mortality and morbidity after myocardial infarction <h3>What this study adds</h3> Patients who had ever taken dosulepin (dothiepin) had significantly increased risk of ischaemic heart disease after confounding factors had been adjusted for The association followed a dose-response relation The effect of other antidepressants was not significant after adjustment for confounders
Significance of the MD Degree
Authors: Glen R. Leymaster
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To many observers outside the medical profession and perhaps to some physicians, this title as a topic of serious discussion may seem contrived or even absurd. Doesn't everyone know what "MD" means? An MD is a doctor. A doctor takes care of sick people—if and when he can be found. Almost anyone holding an MD degree from a school that the State Board of Licensure recognizes may obtain a license entitling him to practice legally, if not well, medicine and surgery and all their branches. Thus, the MD degree is the sine qua non for the practice of medicine. Furthermore, it is the starting qualification for admission to internships, to residency training programs, and thus to specialty certification. Phrases such as "graduation from an approved medical school" appear in all descriptions of board requirements. With only a few carefully worded exceptions, hospitals uniformly require that all staff members hold MD
The Impact of Urinary Extravasation after Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy on Urinary Incontinence and Anastomotic Strictures
Authors: Georg Schatzl, Stephan Madersbacher, Johann Hofbauer, Armin Pycha, Werner J. Reiter, Gerhard Svolba, Michael Marberger
Journal: European Urology (1999)
PLAUR polymorphisms are associated with asthma, PLAUR levels, and lung function decline
Authors: Sheila J. Barton, Gerard H. Koppelman, Judith M. Vonk, Claudia A. Browning, Ilja M. Nolte, Ceri E. Stewart, Sue Bainbridge, Stacey Mutch, Matthew J. Rose-Zerilli, Dirkje S. Postma, Nikolas Maniatis, Amanda P. Henry, Ian P. Hall, Stephen T. Holgate, Patrick Tighe, John W. Holloway, Ian Sayers
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)