tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Granny Racket
Authors: H. E. Stassen
Journal: BMJ (1950)

was paid a fee. While attending the meeting of the Western Surgical he was asked (I am also informed by a member of that society) by one of its members how he liked the British system of government medicine. He replied that he liked it, whereupon he was told that we wanted no part of it here. In spite of this, he gave a lengthy interview to the newspapers praising the British system, much to the annoyance of members of the Western Surgical Association who felt that more courtesy could have been shown. There are many of us who feel that the British are the salt of the earth, but the occasional Britisher
THE EFFECT OF EXTRACTS OF CERTAIN ORGANS FROM NORMAL AND IMMUNIZED ANIMALS ON THE INFECTING POWER OF VACCINE VIRUS
Authors: F. Duran-Reynals
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

Brain and testicle tissue from immune rabbits brought in contact with the Levaditi or Noguchi strains of vaccine virus will fix or inactivate the virus. Extracts of normal testicles from susceptible animals enhance to an extraordinary degree the infectivity of both the neuro- and dermal strains of vaccine virus. The Noguchi virus is not affected by testicle extracts when injected into the skin, but kidney extract has a definite enhancing power on the strain when injected into either skin or testicle. The effect of tissue extracts seems to be on the cells of the host rather than on the virus. This is indicated by the fact that virus injected intravenously localizes most readily in an area of skin previously injected with testicle extract. Furthermore an enhanced lesion results if the virus is injected into an area as long as 3 days after the area has been injected with testicle extract. The augmenting substance of the tissue extracts is little affected by high dilutions, passes through a Berkefeld V candle and is carried down with the proteins precipitated by weak acids. Rabbits with enhanced lesions show general symptoms and about 25 per cent die with generalized vaccinia. Kidney, and probably skin, brain and liver extracts possess enhancing properties, but to a much less degree than the testicle. On the other hand, spleen, blood and probably lymph nodes and bone marrow not only fail to produce enhancement, but actually restrain or even suppress entirely the vaccinal skin infection.
Effect of selected drugs and myocardial infarction on the disappearance of creatine kinase from the circulation in conscious dogs
Authors: R. ROBERTS, B. E. SOBEL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1977)

Estimates of infarct size based on serial plasma creatine kinase (CK) changes have been made utilising the disappearance rate of CK from blood (kd) as one parameter. This study was performed to evaluate the effects on CK disappearance of myocardial infarction per se and selected drugs often used in the management of patients with myocardial infarction. Fifty-six conscious dogs were studied. Canine myocardial CK was isolated and radioactively labelled. Experiments were performed with intravenous injections of unlabelled CK or with radioactively labelled material. After injection, plasma CK activity declined monoexponentially (r = -0.95, n = 30) exceeding the rate of CK disappearance in vitro in whole blood or plasma. Three successive daily determinations of kd differed by less than or equal to 10% in the same dog (n = 5). Removal of radioactively labelled protein from plasma paralleled disappearance of plasma CK enzyme activity for several hours after i.v. injection of 14C-CK (n = 5). Myocardial infarction after occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery altered kd by less than 10% (n = 5) estimated after i.v. injection of 14C-CK. Administration of large doses of Nembutal (30 mg-kg-1), morphine (2 mg-kg-1), or Valium (1 mg-kg-1) decreased kd markedly (n = 17), but low doses of morphine (0-2 mg-kg-1) or Valium (0-1 mg-kg-1) did not substantially diminish kd. Thus, enzymatic estimates of infarct size are not likely to be influenced by changes in kd occurring during myocardial infarction. However, modification of estimates may be required when pharmacological interventions are employed, capable of altering CK disappearance.
Abstract P4-01-04: Role of FDG-PET/CT in evaluating surgical outcomes of operable breast cancer: Usefulness for malignant grade of triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: M Ohara, S Hideo, E Akiko, N Masumoto, S Ozaki, T Kadoya, M Okada
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) for speculating the malignant level and prognostic value of operable breast cancers. Methods: Of 578 consecutive patients with primary invasive breast cancer who underwent curative surgery between 2005 and 2010, 311 patients (53.8%) who received FDG PET/CT before initial therapy were examined. Results: Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis showed the cutoff value of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) to predict cancer recurrence was 3.8 in all patients and 8.6 in patients with the triple-negative subtype, respectively. In all patients, 3-year DFS rates were 98.8% for patients with a tumor of SUVmax ≤ 3.8 and 91.6% for patients with a tumor of SUVmax &amp;gt; 3.8 (p &amp;lt; 0.001). High value of SUVmax was significantly associated with large tumor size (p &amp;lt; 0.001), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.040), high nuclear grade (p &amp;lt; 0.001), lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.032), negative hormone receptor status (p &amp;lt; 0.001), and positive HER2 status (p = 0.014). Based on the results of multivariate Cox analysis in all patients, high SUVmax (p = 0.001) and negative hormone receptor status (p = 0.005) were significantly associated with poor prognosis. In patients with triple-negative subtype, 3-year DFS rates were 90.9% for patients with a tumor of SUVmax ≤ 8.6 and 42.9% for patients with a tumor of SUVmax &amp;gt; 8.6 (p = 0.002), and high SUVmax was the only significant independent prognostic factor (p = 0.047). Conclusion: FDG-PET/CT is useful for predicting malignant behavior and prognosis in patients with operable breast cancer, especially the triple-negative subtype. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P4-01-04.
A CASE OF PHARYNGEAL DIPHTHERIA PROBABLY DUE TO AUTO-INFECTION FROM A DIPHTHERIC LESION OF THE THUMB
Authors: A. H. Baldwin
Journal: JAMA (1923)

A physician, aged 30, a graduate student, gave a positive reaction to the Schick test, Oct. 10, 1922. There was a very slight pseudoreaction. There was no history of previous diphtheria. October 25, he carried out a virulence test with a culture from a known clinical case of diphtheria. At this date, he had not himself been in contact with a known clinical case for some time; nor had he been working with any other diphtheria cultures. While inoculating the guinea-pig, he pricked the skin on the dorsum of the terminal phalanx of the left thumb with the needle of a syringe containing the suspension from a twenty-four hour Loeffler slant. The suspension in the syringe was from a culture from the above mentioned case, and caused typical diphtheric lesions in the guinea-pig. October 29, the patient visited the laboratory and examined the inoculated animal, but after this date he
Prognostic factors for patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia in chronic phase treated with imatinib mesylate after failure of interferon alfa
Authors: D Marin, S Marktel, M Bua, R M Szydlo, A Franceschino, I Nathan, N Foot, C Crawley, T Na Nakorn, E Olavarria, A Lennard, A Neylon, S G O'Brien, J M Goldman, J F Apperley
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
THE ARMY CANTEEN AS A MEANS OF REDUCING INTEMPERANCE.
Authors: CHARLES E. WOODRUFF
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Nearly everything which has been published on the subject of the army canteen has been written by strong opponents or advocates. The inevitable consequence of such partisan discussion is that people who have little knowledge of the matter and less interest in it have not had access to any judicial summing up of the good and evil, so that their judgment has been biased by the tenor of the particular literature which has fallen into their hands. What is far worse, the subject has become a political one, so that it is now practically impossible to discuss it without being suspected of partisanship, bias or worse. Having been an advocate of the canteen for twenty years, I, therefore, must necessarily condemn my own paper in advance, for I can not ignore my long experience, and must remain a partisan. I can nevertheless bespeak a respectful hearing from opponents by stating
Characterization of the internalization of bacillus Calmette-Guerin by human bladder tumor cells.
Authors: K Kuroda, E J Brown, W B Telle, D G Russell, T L Ratliff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Adjuvant intravesical Mycobacterium bovis BCG is the treatment of choice for recurrent superficial bladder cancer. Fibronectin (FN) was previously demonstrated to be necessary for the retention of BCG within the bladder and for the expression of antitumor activity. Recent studies have demonstrated that BCG attach and are ingested by bladder epithelial cells, suggesting the existence of a second bacterial attachment mechanism. We report the characterization of the molecules involved in BCG attachment and internalization by the human bladder transitional cell carcinoma cell line T-24. Pretreatment of T-24 cells with monoclonal antibodies to either alpha 5 or beta 1 integrin subunits significantly inhibited both BCG attachment and ingestion. Exogenous FN was observed to enhance both attachment and ingestion of BCG, and anti-FN was observed to inhibit both phenomena. Latex beads precoated with either FN or laminin (LN) but not BSA were ingested by T-24 cells, but only FN-coated beads inhibited BCG attachment and ingestion. Pretreatment of BCG with FN augmented both attachment and ingestion. The role of bacterial FN binding proteins was evaluated. A monoclonal antibody to a 55-kD FN-binding protein was observed to abrogate attachment and ingestion. These results demonstrate that attachment and ingestion of BCG are mediated in part by the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin receptor and are dependent on FN. These studies demonstrate a mechanism of entrance of mycobacteria into epithelial cells and suggest a second role for FN in the adjuvant antitumor effect of BCG.
URIC ACID METABOLISM IN PSORIASIS
Authors: Arthur Z. Eisen, J. E. Seegmiller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1961)

control subjects. The patient with gout and psoriasis (F.M.) had a history of frequent attacks of acute arthritis which responded to colchicine. A synovial biopsy of his left knee revealed characteristic deposition of urate crystals. The control subjects had no family history or stigmata of either psoriasis or gout. Remission of psoriasis occurred in one patient (L.P.) following a severe drug eruption resulting from the oral administration of chloroquin phosphate. Within 2 weeks after the drug had been discontinued, complete healing of the skin had occurred and no lesions of psoriasis were present. The repeat glycine-1-C1' incorporation study was carried out approximately 10 weeks after the last dose of chloroquin had been administered, while the psoriasis was still in complete remission. All subjects were hospitalized throughout the studies and were maintained on a standard 2,600 calorie diet, essentially free of purines and containing 70 g of protein, 350 g of carbohydrate and 100 g of fat. At least 5 days were allowed for equilibration on the diet before the studies were performed. Patients received no medication during the study. The clinical diagnosis of psoriasis in each case was confirmed by skin biopsy. Renal function was assessed by routine urinalysis, blood urea nitrogen and phenolsulfonphthalein excretion. Daily 24-hour urine collections were preserved with
Results of Targeted Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy With Etanercept (ENBREL) in Patients With Advanced Heart Failure
Authors: Biykem Bozkurt, Guillermo Torre-Amione, Marshelle Smith Warren, James Whitmore, Ozlem Z. Soran, Arthur M. Feldman, Douglas L. Mann
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Previously, we showed that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonism with etanercept, a soluble TNF receptor, was well tolerated and that it suppressed circulating levels of biologically active TNF for 14 days in patients with moderate heart failure. However, the effects of sustained TNF antagonism in heart failure are not known. Methods and Results —We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multidose trial of etanercept in 47 patients with NYHA class III to IV heart failure. Patients were treated with biweekly subcutaneous injections of etanercept 5 mg/m 2 (n=16) or 12 mg/m 2 (n=15) or with placebo (n=16) for 3 months. Doses of 5 and 12 mg/m 2 etanercept were safe and well tolerated for 3 months. Treatment with etanercept led to a significant dose-dependent improvement in left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction and LV remodeling, and there was a trend toward an improvement in patient functional status, as determined by clinical composite score. Conclusion —Treatment with etanercept for 3 months was safe and well-tolerated in patients with advanced heart failure, and it resulted in a significant dose-dependent improvement in LV structure and function and a trend toward improvement in patient functional status.
Rectal Disease in a Patient With Delirium Tremens
Authors: John H. Stanley
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>History</h3> A 30-year-old long-term alcoholic woman was semicomatose when admitted to another hospital in shock after a shotgun wound to the right axilla and trunk. The patient was treated conservatively with supportive care and antibiotics, but on the fifth hospital day, delirium tremens developed, which responded to medical therapy with paraldehyde. On the ninth day, the patient was transferred to the Medical University of South Carolina, where a right forearm amputation was required, secondary to axillary artery occlusion. At the time of admission, scattered shotgun pellets were noted over the right flank, with excoriation of the buttocks and perianal tissues. Frequent, loose, mucous-containing bowel movements were noted, and a rectal examination revealed tenderness with blood-tinged stool. Sigmoidoscopy demonstrated friable edematous rectal mucosa and a stricture at 6 cm, not permitting passage of the scope. A biopsy specimen was obtained. Representative roentgenograms from a barium enema study are illustrated in Fig
Recent Advances: Ophthalmology
Authors: H. M A Towler, S. Lightman
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Summary points</h3> Use of self sealing, sutureless wounds; foldable intraocular lens implants; continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis; and improved techniques of phacoemulsification within the lens capsular bag in cataract surgery have substantially reduced the period of visual rehabilitation and rapidly accelerated attainment of optimum visual acuity Photorefractive keratectomy has been heralded as the cure for myopia, but it can have substantial side effects and not all patients respond in a predictable manner Injecting botulinum toxin into a muscle to produce transient neuromuscular paralysis has been used for certain types of strabismus, essential blepharospasm, induction of ptosis to protect the cornea, and, more recently, nystagmus New treatments for subretinal choroidal neovascularisation associated with age related macular degeneration include foveal ablation by laser photocoagulation and radiotherapy, but dietary zinc supplements, interferon alfa, and subretinal surgery have proved disappointing Cytomegalovirus can now be treated by implanting a device inside the eye that slowly releases ganciclovir for up to nine months, which avoids the side effects associated with systemic treatment Full thickness macular holes can be successfully closed by vitrectomy combined with intraocular gas tamponade
TCT-849 Pre-Treatment With High Dose Statin Decreases Cardiovascular Events In Unstable Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Meta-Analysis Of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Georges EL-Hayek, Alexandre M. Benjo, Eyal Herzog, Emad Aziz, Jacqueline E. Tamis-Holland
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Points from Letters: Who Should Do Psychotherapy?
Authors: H. A. C. Mason
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Regional Consultants SIR,-The fundamental unit in British hospital practice is the district general hos- pital.In such hospitals all but 1,500 of the 8,000 consultants in the National Health Service are employed.Despite the much vaunted Hospital Building Programme,' conditions in the majority of such hospitals are not conducive to first- class work, and are poor to say the least.The heavy work-load for these consultants, the long on-duty hours, together with the lack of adequate junior staff make these posts unattractive to would-be applicants from the senior registrar grade.In many district hospitals therefore, including this one, there are consultant appointments that despite repeated advertisements remain unfilled.The anomaly produced by the last Govern- ment's latest pay award is likely to exacerbate this situation further.As a result of these pay increases alone, and uncoupled with the extra duty payments recently negotiated, many senior registrars will be better paid than consultants.As the new contracts for maximum part- time consultants indicate that these appoint- ments are substantially demanding whole- time National Health Service employment, and the amount of private practice available in the environs of most district general hos- pitals is small to say the least, who can now blame the senior registrar for avoiding employment in such centres by confining his applications to teaching hospitals or posts abroad?-Weare, etc.,
ACUTE APPENDICITIS AND INTUSSUSCEPTION IN INFANCY
Authors: Lewis D. Hoppe
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Ileocecal intussusception is not an unusual condition in infancy, but the occurrence of acute appendicitis complicating this is worthy of note. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3><h3>History.</h3> —M. O., a white girl, aged 8 months, referred to me, April 29, 1923, was an only child; she was born at full term and had never been sick until the present time. She had been breast fed since birth at irregular intervals, and for the last months had been allowed to have fruits and cereals. On the morning of April 27, the infant was given a small piece of uncooked apple. The next morning at 8 o'clock she vomited a large amount of milk taken shortly before. About one hour later she vomited again and was then given an enema. Only a small amount of fecal matter was returned. During the day she was irritable and restless, but did not appear to be acutely
The development of photochemically crosslinked native fibrinogen as a rapidly formed and mechanically strong surgical tissue sealant
Authors: Christopher M. Elvin, Alan G. Brownlee, Mickey G. Huson, Tracy A. Tebb, Misook Kim, Russell E. Lyons, Tony Vuocolo, Nancy E. Liyou, Timothy C. Hughes, John A.M. Ramshaw, Jerome A. Werkmeister
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
TRAUMATIC ULCER OF THE DUODENUM AND STOMACH
Authors: BURRILL B. CROHN
Journal: JAMA (1933)

A case of duodenal ulcer following on, and probably caused by, abdominal trauma was recently called to our attention. This case, with all the details and roentgenographic observations, has been described by one of us.<sup>1</sup>In studying the etiologic traumatic factors which we believe led to the formation of the ulcer, we had occasion to look into the literature, not only of our own country but of foreign countries as well. Having established to our own satisfaction that in at least this one instance the relationship of the trauma to the duodenal ulcer was one of cause and effect, we were surprised to learn two supplemental facts: first, that American literature fails to take serious notice of the possibility of such an occurrence or glosses over the fact, many if not most American clinicians probably denying the existence of such a relationship; second, that foreign publications not only recognize
Follow-Up of Treatment of a Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation With Acetazolamide and Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: ESTHER E. ARGENYI, LAURA L. BOLES PONTO, RICHARD D. HICHWA, G. LEONARD WATKINS, PETER T. KIRCHNER, TONY J. RYALS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM) may cause decreased perfusion (“steal”) to the surrounding brain tissue. Abrupt occlusion of the shunt has led to fulminant hyperemic catastrophes in some patients. The perfusion reserve of these areas has been previously evaluated with acetazolamide, a vasodilatory agent, using SPECT. Abnormal response to acetazolamide has been shown to correlate with intraoperative and postoperative complications. A 34-year-old man with seizures had a 3 cm x 4 cm AVM at the left occipitoparietal region. Quantitative brain blood flow studies were performed using 0–15 water and positron emission tomography (PET), before and immediately after the embolization, and 4 days later. These studies demonstrated no cerebral “steal” or abnormal response of the perilesional tissue to acetazolamide. Four weeks after the embolization the patient underwent surgical resection of the AVM with no complications and complete recovery. Cerebral blood flow measurements by either SPECT or PET are useful in the preoperative evaluation of patients with AVM.
Intragastric balloons for obesity: sometimes “a water bomb waiting to explode”
Authors: L. Ulbricht, M. Kunert, B. Gremmler, K. Mönkemüller
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

We read with interest the excellent review paper by Tsesmeli & Coumaros on endoscopic devices for weight reduction, and we like their objective evidence-based analysis of the current status of intragastric balloon implantation [1]. There is no question that some of these methods can benefit patients with morbid obesity [1] [2] [3]. However, it seems to us that the current data do not appear to support routine clinical use of these devices. It is noteworthy that most studies have included only small numbers of patients, as is well shown in Table 1 of the paper by Tsesmeli & Coumaros [1].
Grass allergen tablet immunotherapy relieves individual seasonal eye and nasal symptoms, including nasal blockage
Authors: S. R. Durham, B. Riis
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: Symptoms of allergic rhinitis have a considerable impact on the quality of life of the sufferer. Sneezing, runny nose, blocked nose and headache are some of the most common symptoms of allergic rhinitis, which affects work, home and social life for many patients. Sublingual immunotherapy has shown to induce a protective immune response and provide sustained symptom prevention for allergic patients. Aims of the trial: The overall aims were to investigate the efficacy and safety of a sublingual grass allergen tablet (Grazax ® 75 000 SQ‐T; ALK‐Abelló A/S, Denmark). Reported here are the effects of Grazax on individual eye and nasal symptoms. Methods: The trial was a double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial including 634 participants with significant rhinoconjunctivitis because of grass pollen. Participants were randomized 1 : 1 to Grazax (a fast dissolving, once daily immunotherapy tablet for home administration) or placebo and received treatment for at least 16 weeks prior to and continuing during the grass pollen season of 2005. Four nasal symptoms and two eye symptoms were scored on a scale from 0 (no symptoms) to 3 (severe symptoms) every day during the entire grass pollen season. Nasal symptoms included runny nose, blocked nose, sneezing and itchy nose; eye symptoms included gritty feeling/red/itchy eyes and watery eyes. Results: Consistent and highly significant reductions in individual eye and nasal symptoms (from 22 to 44%) were observed following treatment with Grazax as compared with placebo ( P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusions: Grazax has effects on multiple allergic symptoms, including nasal blockage, and is an effective treatment of rhinoconjunctivitis, thereby reducing the need for topical anti‐allergic drugs.