tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Information Base for Diffusion of Technology: Computed Tomography Scanning
Authors: Morton C. Creditor, Julie Beetle Garrett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Expensive technologic innovation is a major contributor to the rapidly increasing cost of health and medical care. Although the economic, professional and social implications of such innovation may be profound, it is sometimes difficult to identify the specific determinants of the rate of diffusion of technologic innovation.There is a sizable literature on the subject of diffusion that Greer has recently summarized.1 The studies cited deal with the subject from the point of view of social theory and as a function of organizational and political behavior. They describe the influences of various types of individual social behaviors upon sociologic models. . . .
Abstract 4920: EcSOD overexpression inhibits the growth and invasion by affecting extracellular matrix in PC3 human prostate cancer cells.
Authors: Jungim Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract It has been shown that EcSOD (extracellular superoxide dismutase, SOD3) can attenuate tissue damage and cancer cell invasion but so far its function in prostate cancer cells has not been completely clarified. Thus, we investigated the effect of EcSOD for cell growth and invasion in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. We stably transfected PC3 cells with pCMV-EcSOD cDNA and observed its overexpression in mRNA and protein levels through RT-PCR and Western Blot, respectively. To check out the influence for the growth rate of EcSOD, we analyzed Cell Viability and Cytotoxicity Assay as a colorimetric and fluorometric format via MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) reagent and cell-permeable polyanionic calcein acetoxymethyl (Calcein AM) and ethidium homodimer (EthD-1) dye. And we performed EcSOD Activity Assay and ELISA. Moreover, we time-dependently carried out Wound-healing Assay by monitoring the down-regulated growth rate of EcSOD overexpression PC3 cells. Furthermore, we verified low EcSOD expression compared to other types of SODs by IHC and Patients Tissue Microarray. Meanwhile, we accomplished Invasion Assay and MMP-2 and-9 Activity Assay with Zymography. Herein, it elucidated that EcSOD abrogates cell growth, proliferation, and invasion by associating with extracellular matrix in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that EcSOD can potentially have beneficial future strategy for the treatment of prostate cancer. Citation Format: Jungim Kim. EcSOD overexpression inhibits the growth and invasion by affecting extracellular matrix in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4920. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4920
What Is the Lifetime Risk of Physician-diagnosed Asthma in Ontario, Canada?
Authors: Teresa To, Chengning Wang, Jun Guan, Susan McLimont, Andrea S. Gershon
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease in Canada. The estimates of risk of developing asthma may help researchers and health planners set research agendas, predict the burden of asthma on society, and target the at-risk population for asthma prevention, management, and control.To estimate the lifetime risk of physician-diagnosed asthma.All individuals aged 0-79 years living in Ontario, Canada on April 1, 1996 who had not been diagnosed with asthma were monitored for 11 years until March 31, 2007. They were censored when they were diagnosed with asthma, turned age 80 years, or died. The lifetime risk (from birth to age 79 yr) of physician-diagnosed asthma was calculated by a modified survival analysis technique. Results were stratified by sex, rurality, and neighborhood income.Overall, the lifetime risk of physician-diagnosed asthma was 33.9%. Whereas the overall lifetime risk was higher in females (35.0 vs. 32.9%; P < 0.001), the cumulative risk was higher in males in early years. The lifetime risk was higher in individuals living in urban areas (34.5 vs. 30.1%; P < 0.001) or low-income neighborhoods (35.0% in the lowest income quintile vs. 32.2% in the highest; P < 0.001).Our estimated overall lifetime risk indicates that one of every three individuals in Ontario, Canada has physician-diagnosed asthma during one's lifetime.
H(+)-induced vasodilation of rat aorta is mediated by alterations in intracellular calcium sequestration.
Authors: R Loutzenhiser, Y Matsumoto, W Okawa, M Epstein
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Acidosis induces vasodilation both in vivo and in vitro. Although it is commonly surmised that acidosis alters contractility by affecting contractile proteins and calcium entry, the exact role of these mechanisms in acidosis-induced vasodilation has not been determined. In the present study, we demonstrated that a novel mechanism, involving increased calcium sequestration into intracellular sites sensitive to norepinephrine, mediates the vasodilation associated with relatively modest decreases in pH. The effects of changing pH from 7.4 to 7.0 on tension development, 45Ca fluxes, and the norepinephrine-releasable intracellular calcium stores were studied in isolated rat aorta. Acute acidification produced marked endothelium-independent dilations of aortic rings that had been precontracted with norepinephrine. In contrast, this maneuver had only modest effects on contractions elicited by 80 mM KCl or phorbol ester. Acidification in this range did not alter basal or norepinephrine-stimulated undirectional 45Ca influx, nor did it reduce the norepinephrine-induced net gain in 45Ca content. Furthermore, neither norepinephrine-stimulated 45Ca efflux nor the peak contractile response to norepinephrine in calcium-free buffer was affected, although in this setting, the duration of the phasic contractile response was shortened. When calcium was restored to tissues exposed to norepinephrine in calcium-free buffer, acidification slowed the rate of tension development without altering 45Ca uptake, thus changing the relation between tension development and calcium entry. These effects of acidification were shown to be associated with an increase in the amount of calcium sequestered into the norepinephrine-sensitive intracellular calcium store. These findings clearly indicate that acidification, within a range that has no effect on other aspects of smooth muscle activation, elicits vasodilation by stimulating intracellular calcium sequestration. This action may represent a predominant mechanism whereby acidosis alters vascular smooth muscle contractility.
Creativity and mental illness.
Authors: E Hare
Journal: BMJ (1987)

In comparing genius to a pearl Lombroso summarised his belief that the cause of genius was ? constitutional defect, a defect that commonly showed itself as  in the genius or his family.l This insanity theory was supported by several later studies, but other studies supported an alternative theory (the stud theory) that genius represented the highest capacities of the race?a culminating point of evolution?and that  was no commoner in geniuses or their families than in other people.56 Reviewing the evidence in 1948, Brain concluded that though geniuses were probably not specially prone to  they were certainly more nervous, and that when  occurred the commonest kind was cyclothymia, the manic-depressive state.7
Deletion of the NESP55 differentially methylated region causes loss of maternal GNAS imprints and pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib
Authors: Murat Bastepe, Leopold F Fröhlich, Agnès Linglart, Hilal S Abu-Zahra, Katsuyoshi Tojo, Leanne M Ward, Harald Jüppner
Journal: Nature Genetics (2004)
An Epigenetic Roadmap for Cardiomyocyte Differentiation
Authors: Michael S. Parmacek, Jonathan A. Epstein
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

Wamstad et al have provided a robust global analysis of histone markers and gene expression at 4 stages of murine embryonic stem (ES) cell differentiation into cardiac myocytes. This detailed data set will provide a rich opportunity for generating and testing hypotheses related to combinatorial transcriptional regulation of gene expression and epigenetic regulation of cell fate decisions in cardiac lineages.
FDG PET/CT Findings in 3 Cases of Solitary Necrotic Nodule of the Liver
Authors: Aisheng Dong, Zhengguang Xiao, Hui Dong, Changjing Zuo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Solitary necrotic nodule (SNN) of the liver is a rare benign lesion that can mimic malignancy. We present 3 cases of SNN with 18F-FDG PET/CT findings. In case 1, the SNN with complete necrosis and thin fibrous capsule appeared hypometabolic. In case 2, the SNN with a large amount of necrosis and irregular thickened wall appeared hypermetabolic in the periphery. In case 3, the SNN with a small amount of necrosis appeared hypermetabolic in the whole nodule. FDG PET/CT findings reflect the histopathological composition of SNN and its evolution stage.
Three-year outcome after balloon aortic valvuloplasty. Insights into prognosis of valvular aortic stenosis.
Authors: C M Otto, M C Mickel, J W Kennedy, E L Alderman, T M Bashore, P C Block, J A Brinker, D Diver, J Ferguson, D R Holmes
Journal: Circulation (1994)

To identify predictors of long-term outcome after balloon aortic valvuloplasty, we analyzed data on 674 adults (mean age, 78 +/- 9 years; 56% were women) undergoing this procedure at 24 clinical centers who had a mean initial increase in aortic valve area of 0.3 cm2.Baseline data included clinical, echocardiographic, and catheterization variables. Follow-up data included mortality, cause of death, rehospitalization, 6-month echocardiography, and functional status. Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests were used to evaluate survival in subgroups. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to identify independent predictors of survival. Overall survival was 55% at 1 year, 35% at 2 years, and 23% at 3 years, with the majority of deaths (70%) classified as cardiac by an independent review committee. Rehospitalization was common (64%), although 61% of survivors at 2 years reported improved symptoms. Echocardiography at 6 months (n = 115) showed restenosis from the postprocedural valve area of 0.78 +/- 0.31 cm2 to 0.65 +/- 0.25 cm2 (P < .0001). With stepwise multivariate analysis, sequentially adding clinical, echocardiographic, and catheterization variables, the overall model identified independent predictors of survival as baseline functional status, baseline cardiac output, renal function, cachexia, female gender, left ventricular systolic function, and mitral regurgitation. Baseline and postprocedural variables were examined to identify which subgroup of patients has the best outcome after aortic valvuloplasty. A "lower-risk" subgroup (28% of the study population), defined by normal left ventricular systolic function and mild clinical functional limitation, had a 3-year survival of 36% compared with 17% in the remainder of the study group.Long-term survival after balloon aortic valvuloplasty is poor with 1- and 3-year survival rates of 55% and 23%, respectively. Although survivors report fewer symptoms, early restenosis and recurrent hospitalization are common.
Morphology of electrophysiologically identified junctions between Purkinje fibers and ventricular muscle in rabbit and pig hearts.
Authors: J Tranum-Jensen, A A Wilde, J T Vermeulen, M J Janse
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Purkinje fiber-ventricular muscle (PV) junctions were identified by extracellular recording in isolated, superfused preparations from rabbit and pig hearts. Microelectrode recordings from different cell types at the PV junctions were obtained, and the cells recorded from were retrieved microscopically. To this end 26 tissue blocks were serially sectioned at 4 microns. Microscopic identification of the very cell recorded from was obtained in five of seven Purkinje, five of 16 transitional, and two of two ventricular muscle cell recordings. In addition, some tissue blocks from both junctional and nonjunctional sites identified only by extracellular recording were examined in serial sections. Transitional cells in the rabbit heart are thin, broad bandlike cells (30-35 by 3-5 microns) arranged in one or two sheets in the subendocardium between the Purkinje layer and ventricular mass. Transitional cells are coupled via short, thin strands to both Purkinje and ventricular muscle cells. A second type of PV coupling was observed frequently in the pig, but in only one of 21 cases in the rabbit. Here, a short, linear segment of small transitional cells connected large-diameter Purkinje cells to ventricular muscle cells. Distances found between Purkinje-transitional cell coupling sites and transitional cell-ventricular muscle coupling sites varied from 100 to 1,000 microns in the rabbit heart and from 50 to several hundred micrometers in the pig heart. Action potentials from transitional cells typically showed multiple components in their upstroke. Both our morphological and electrophysiological findings are compatible with the existence of a relatively high-resistance barrier between Purkinje and transitional cells and between transitional and ventricular muscle cells.
Drug Delivery: Targeted and pH‐Responsive Delivery of Doxorubicin to Cancer Cells Using Multifunctional Dendrimer‐Modified Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 9/2013)
Authors: Shihui Wen, Hui Liu, Hongdong Cai, Mingwu Shen, Xiangyang Shi
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Xiangyang Shi and co-workers show on page 1267 that the unique combination of dendrimer chemistry and carbon nanotubes allows the generation of multifunctional nanodevices for high-payload encapsulation of a model anticancer drug doxorubicin with pH-responsive release behavior and targeting specificity, providing an efficient strategy for targeted cancer therapy.
Relationship of Pulmonary Artery to Left Ventricular Diastolic Pressures in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: SHAHBUDIN H. RAHIMTOOLA, HENRY S. LOEB, ALI EHSANI, M. ZIAD SINNO, RUBEN CHUQUIMIA, ROSHAN LAL, KENNETH M. ROSEN, ROLF M. GUNNAR
Journal: Circulation (1972)

We have measured pulmonary artery (PA) and left ventricular diastolic pressures (LVDP) in patients with acute myocardial infarction to establish the relationships of PA pressure to LVDP. Paired determinations for the various parameters showed (mean difference in mm Hg): left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP)-LVDP pre-a + 7.9, P &lt; 0.001; LVEDP-mean PA wedge + 6.0, P &lt; 0.001; mean PA wedge-LVDP pre-a, + 0.8, P &gt; 0.2; PA end-diastolic pressure (PAEDP)-mean PA wedge (in all patients) +3.3, P &lt; 0.001; PAEDP-mean PA wedge (patients with pulmonary vascular resistance ≦2 units) +1.3, P &lt; 0.1; LVEDP-PAEDP +4.7, P &lt; 0.001; and LVEDP-mean PA –2.0, P &lt; 0.02. The relationship of LVEDP to mean PA wedge was: LVEDP (y) = 1.12 mean PA wedge (x) +4.69; Sy.x = 3.42; r = 0.92. After acute myocardial infarction, PA pressures did not accurately reflect LVEDP because atrial contraction made a large contribution to ventricular filling pressure. In addition, PAEDPs were not the same as mean PA wedge pressures because of some increase of pulmonary vascular resistance in many patients. Thus, PA pressures only provided reliable information about the level of pulmonary venous pressure. LVDP pre-a correlated well with mean PA wedge pressure, and therefore measurement of LVDP (pre-a and EDP) yielded information not only about pulmonary edema, but also about LV performance.
Engineered autologous cartilage tissue for nasal reconstruction after tumour resection: an observational first-in-human trial
Authors: Ilario Fulco, Sylvie Miot, Martin D Haug, Andrea Barbero, Anke Wixmerten, Sandra Feliciano, Francine Wolf, Gernot Jundt, Anna Marsano, Jian Farhadi, Michael Heberer, Marcel Jakob, Dirk J Schaefer, Ivan Martin
Journal: The Lancet (2014)
Atypical diabetic retinopathy
Authors: H. S. Ong, A. H. Moosavi, S. R. Althauser
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A 61 year old white man was referred urgently to the ophthalmology department from the English national diabetic screening programme for severe non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

He had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes five years earlier, and his glycated haemoglobin a month before referral was 9.1%. He had no ophthalmic symptoms and denied any visual distortion, floaters, flashing lights, eye discomfort, or headaches.

He was on treatment for hypercholesterolaemia but had no other relevant medical history. He was otherwise well and had no systemic problems, such as fevers or rigors.

On examination, his right visual acuity was 6/12 and left visual acuity was 6/6. He had mildly pale conjunctiva. Slit lamp examination was normal with no signs of inflammation or infection. His conjunctivas were not injected and his corneas were clear. No cells were present in the anterior chamber or vitreous body. Fundus examination showed retinal haemorrhages in both eyes (fig 1⇓).



Fig 1 Colour fundus photograph of the patient’s left eye





### 1 What are the abnormalities seen on this fundus photograph?

#### Short answer

All layers of the retina contain widespread multiple haemorrhages. Some haemorrhages look round and have a white centre. These are indicative of Roth spots (fig 2⇓). There are also some cotton wool spots but no features of retinal abscess or necrosis.



Fig 2 Colour fundus photograph of the patient’s left eye showing widespread haemorrhages in all layers of the retina and multiple Roth spots …
Facial Palsy As a Side Effect of Vemurafenib Treatment in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Oliver Klein, Antoni Ribas, Bartosz Chmielowski, Grant Walker, Arthur Clements, Georgina V. Long, Richard F. Kefford
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Case ReportA 63-year-old man (Table 1) presented in June 2009 with a large destructive lesion in the right calcaneus, which was confirmed as metastatic melanoma that was positive for the melanocyte differentiation antigens HMB-45 and S100 on immunohistochemical staining.Additional metastatic sites included the right femur, right deltoid muscle, right axillary lymph nodes, right atrium, and a large mediastinal mass.There was no previous melanoma history, and a primary melanoma could not be identified at the time of diagnosis.The right foot was amputated for pain control, and palliative radiotherapy was administered to the axillary and femoral metastases.The soft tissue metastasis from the deltoid muscle was surgically removed and molecular testing demonstrated the presence of a BRAF V600E mutation.After two cycles of dacarbazine chemotherapy, there was progressive disease with a new left-sided rib metastasis.The patient was enrolled in the BRAF in Melanoma Phase 2 (BRIM2) clinical trial of the potent BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib. 1 After 8 weeks of therapy, an acute complete right-sided facial palsy developed, followed 10 days later by a facial palsy on the contralateral side (Fig 1A).A detailed clinical examination by a consultant neurologist revealed no other neurologic deficits, and a magnetic resonance imaging scan of the brain was unremarkable apart from an enhancement of the right seventh cranial nerve in the facial canal.The clinical findings and investigations were in keeping with idiopathic bilateral peripheral facial nerve palsy (Bell's palsy).Vemurafenib was
Progression of native coronary artery disease at 10 years: Insights from a randomized study of medical versus surgical therapy for angina
Authors: Ming H. Hwang, William R. Meadows, Robert T. Palac, Zhen En Piao, Roque Pifarre, Henry S. Loeb, Rolf M. Gunnar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
SIMPLE DEVICE FOR RAPID HYPODERMOCLYSIS IN COMBATING SHOCK.
Authors: EVAN O'NEILL KANE
Journal: JAMA (1900)

All who have tried to administer an intravenous infusion must be aware how difficult a procedure it is under adverse circumstances. It is practicable and safe with suitable aseptic surroundings, a fairly aseptic skin and moderately well-filled vessels. The case is quite different as generally seen by the railroad surgeon when his patient is in shock, in a caboose, freight car, shanty or crowded boarding-house, amid the fumes of tobacco, foul exhalations and dust, with an unwashed skin begrimed with cinders and grease, and with the veins collapsed from hemorrhage. Any one who has made the attempt knows the difficulties. It is for this reason that hypodermoclysis commends itself in emergency work. The principal objection to hypodermoclysis has been that it is too slow in action where prompt results are demanded. Half an hour is necessary for the instillation of from a pint to a quart—too long a time in
Central cholinergic stimulation causes adrenal epinephrine release.
Authors: B Kennedy, D S Janowsky, S C Risch, M G Ziegler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Cholinergic drugs administered into the cerebral ventricles of animals selectively stimulate the adrenal medulla. However, the effects of central cholinergic stimulation on the sympathoadrenal system have not been studied in man. We stimulated central cholinergic activity in man by administering the cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine to subjects pretreated with peripheral cholinergic blocking agents. A dose of 0.022 mg/kg physostigmine dramatically increased plasma epinephrine levels and slightly increased norepinephrine levels, which is consistent with selective adrenomedullary stimulation. A smaller dose of physostigmine increased epinephrine but did not alter norepinephrine levels. Subjects had increased pulse rates and blood pressures, and felt anxious while they had high plasma epinephrine levels.
Bone ultrastructure and x-ray microanalysis of aluminum-intoxicated hemodialyzed patients
Authors: Jean-Jacques Plachot, Giulia Cournot-Witmer, Sylvain Halpern, Vulmario Mendes, Agnès Bourdeau, Janine Fritsch, Raymond Bourdon, Tilman Druëke, Pierre Galle, Sonia Balsan
Journal: Kidney International (1984)
Increase of Medical Hospital Length of Stay by Depression in Stroke and Amputation Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Daniel S.P. Schubert, Robert Burns, Wilfredo Paras, Eulogio Sioson
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1992)

Past studies have found that medical patients with the diagnosis of depression (comorbidity) have longer hospital lengths of stay (LOS) than those without the diagnosis of depression. This suggested that scores on a depression scale would be positively correlated with LOS. On a rehabilitation ward, 14 stroke and 17 amputee patients were given the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and lengths of stay were recorded. Correlations between GDS scores and LOS were +0.575 for stroke and +0.266 for amputee patients, both in the hypothesized direction. Explanations considered included: (1) depression and medical illness each produce morbidity which summate to require increased LOS; (2) depression delays medical recovery as well as the appearance of medical recovery, and (3) discharge planning is complicated by depression. When depression is associated with inpatient medical illness, DRGs may need to be reevaluated.
Postsplenectomy Sepsis Caused by Group B Streptococcus (<i>S. agalactiae</i>) in an Adult Patient with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hamilton R Fish, John K S Chia, K M Mohamed Shakir
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

Overwhelming postsplenectomy infection (OPSI) due to group B streptococcus developed in an insulin-dependent diabetic patient. The illness began with nonspecific symptoms, followed rapidly by hypotension and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The early institution of appropriate antibiotics, fluid replacement and pressor agents resulted in a favorable clinical outcome. The association of group B streptococcal infection and diabetes mellitus is discussed. The defects in normal host defenses associated with asplenic state and diabetes mellitus are further emphasized. This is the first case report linking the association of OPSI, diabetes mellitus and group B streptococcal septicemia.