tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Implications of Mitral Regurgitation in Patients With Severe Aortic Regurgitation
Authors: Ramdas G. Pai, Padmini Varadarajan
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— Mitral regurgitation (MR) is common in those with severe aortic regurgitation (AR) and can predispose to atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and a need for mitral valve surgery during aortic valve replacement (AVR). However, little data exist as to its clinical and prognostic implications. Methods and Results— Search of our echocardiographic data base between 1993 and 2007 yielded 756 patients with severe AR. with comprehensive clinical data from chart review and mortality data from National Death Index. Mortality was analyzed as a function of MR severity. Effect of AVR and concomitant mitral valve repair were investigated. Patient characteristics were age, 61±17 years; female sex, 41%; and ejection fraction, 54±19%. MR grade ≥2+ was present in 343 (45%) patients: 2+ in 152 (20%), 3+ in 93 (12%), and 4+ in 98 (13%). There was a progressive decrease in survival with each grade of MR ( P &lt;0.0001). Performance of AVR was associated with a better survival in those with 3 or 4+ MR ( P =0.02). In addition, concomitant mitral valve repair in these patients resulted in a better survival (hazard ratio, 0.29; P =0.02). Conclusions— MR is common in patients with severe AR, with 3 or 4+ MR occurring in a quarter of these patients. It is an independent predictor of reduced survival. Performance of AVR and concomitant mitral valve repair is associated with a better survival. Development of MR should serve as an indication for AVR even in asymptomatic patients.
Heterogeneity of cultured leukemic lymphoid progenitor cells from B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients.
Authors: F M Uckun, J H Kersey, K J Gajl-Peczalska, N A Heerema, A J Provisor, D Haag, G Gilchrist, C W Song, D C Arthur, J Roloff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Colony assays were performed for 50 patients with B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Blast colony formation was observed for 33 patients, and the plating efficiency (PE) showed a marked interpatient variation, which indicates a pronounced biological heterogeneity at the level of leukemic progenitor cells. Notably, the mean PE of leukemic B cell precursors from patients with a pseudodiploid or near-diploid karyotype with structural chromosomal abnormalities (SCA) was significantly higher than the mean PE of normal diploid or hyperdiploid cases. All patients who had SCA involving 7p13, 11q23-24, or 12p11-13, and patients with a Philadelphia chromosome had high PE values. The S phase percentage, expression of CD19 antigen, and relapse status were also correlated with PE. Significantly, colony blasts had slightly different surface marker profiles in each case and were common ALL antigen negative in 33% of cases, which indicates the existence of a marked immunological heterogeneity at the level of leukemic progenitor cells.
SOME TOXIC EFFECTS OF DIGITALIS
Authors: WILLIAM D. REID
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The administration of digitalis in the treatment of heart affections may be said to have been revolutionized since the work of  1 in 1915. This student of digitalis has demonstrated that it is possible to use the body weight of the patient for the estimation of the approximate total amount of the drug which would be required to obtain its therapeutic effects. The question of dosage in the use of digitalis has at last been put on a sound basis. There is abundant evidence that the Eggleston  of digitalis administration has been of great benefit to those in need of its action, and the question arises whether any harm has resulted from the larger dosage which the method implies.  Opportunity has been afforded in the heart laboratory of the Boston City Hospital to study the effect of digitalis on a large number of patients. A variety of untoward
Descriptive Epidemiology of Body Weight and Weight Change in U.S. Adults
Authors: David F. Williamson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Data on body weight and weight change collected from nationally representative samples of U.S. adults are reviewed. The body mass index (weight [kg]/height [m2]) has a low correlation with height and is used to compare body weights between persons of differing heights. The BMI varies to a greater degree in women than in men. Below the 75th percentile of the BMI distribution, women have lower BMIs than men, whereas at the 75th percentile and above, women have higher BMIs than men. Overweight is defined as a BMI of 27.8 or more in men and of 27.3 or more in women, corresponding to approximately 20% or more above desirable weight in the 1983 Metropolitan Life Insurance Company tables. For persons of average height (men, 59; women, 54) this definition is equivalent to a body weight above 85 kg (187 pounds) in men and above 72 kg (158 pounds) in women. Among adults 20 to 74 years of age, 24% of men and 27% of women are overweight, yielding an estimated total of 34 million persons in the United States. The prevalence of overweight increases with age, for both men and women but to a greater degree in women. Blacks and Hispanics have a higher prevalence of overweight than do whites, especially among women. Between 1960 and 1980, the prevalence of overweight among whites increased by 3% in women and by 6% in men. In blacks, however, the prevalence of overweight increased by 7% in women and by 28% in men. Longitudinal body weight measurements taken 10 years apart show that adults younger than 55 years tend to gain weight, whereas those 55 years and older tend to lose weight. The youngest adults gain the most weight, and the oldest adults lose the most weight. In all age groups, women have substantially greater variation in their 10-year weight change than do men.
Body Weight and Longevity
Authors: Paul Ernsberger
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Manson and colleagues<sup>1</sup>omitted several facts from their table of studies relating adiposity and mortality. Findings from the Yugoslavia, Western Electric, Pooling Project, and Manitoba studies pertain only to the incidence of coronary heart disease, not to all-cause mortality. In the Pooling Project, the relationship between weight and allcause mortality was U-shaped, with the nadir of the curve occurring at weights above the cohort mean.<sup>2,3</sup>In the Norway study, the nadir of the mortality curve occurred at weights above, not below, the cohort mean. In fact, peak life expectancy for Norwegian women was associated with weights 26% to 36% above the 1959 insurance tables.<sup>3</sup>There was no association between weight and mortality in the Whitehall study, even after controlling for smoking or after removing data for the first two years of follow-up.<sup>4</sup> Furthermore, Manson and colleagues neglected to evaluate methods of subject selection.
Yttrium-90 radioembolization for intermediate-advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A phase 2 study
Authors: Vincenzo Mazzaferro, Carlo Sposito, Sherrie Bhoori, Raffaele Romito, Carlo Chiesa, Carlo Morosi, Marco Maccauro, Alfonso Marchianò, Marco Bongini, Rodolfo Lanocita, Enrico Civelli, Emilio Bombardieri, Tiziana Camerini, Carlo Spreafico
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Yttrium-90 radioembolization (Y90RE) is a novel approach to radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), never tested in phase 2 studies. Fifty-two patients with intermediate (n.17) to advanced (n.35) HCC were prospectively recruited to assess, as the primary endpoint, efficacy of Y90RE on time-to-progression (TTP). Secondary endpoints were tumor response, safety, and overall survival (OS). All patients were Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score 0-1, Child-Pugh class A-B7. Y90RE treatments aimed at a lobar delivery of 120 Gy. Retrospective dosimetric correlations were conducted and related to response. Fifty-eight treatments were performed on 52 patients. The median follow-up was 36 months. The median TTP was 11 months with no significant difference between portal vein thrombosis (PVT) versus no PVT (7 versus 13 months). The median OS was 15 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 12-18 months) with a nonsignificant trend in favor of non-PVT versus PVT patients (18 versus 13 months). Five complete responses occurred (9.6%), and the 2 year-progression rate was 62%. Objective response was 40.4%, whereas the disease control rate (78.8%) significantly affected survival (responders versus nonresponders: 18.4% versus 9.1%; P = 0.009). Tumor response significantly correlated with absorbed dose in target lesions ( r = 0.60, 95% CI, 0.41-0.74, P &lt; 0.001) and a threshold of 500 Gy predicted response (area under the curve, 0.78). Mortality at 30-90 days was 0%-3.8%. Various grades of reduction in liver function occurred within 6 months in 36.5% of patients, with no differences among stages. On multivariate analysis, tumor response was the sole variable affecting TTP ( P &lt; 0.001) and the second affecting survival (after Child-Pugh class). Conclusion: Y90RE is an effective treatment in intermediate to advanced HCC, particularly in the case of PVT. Further prospective evaluations comparing Y90RE with conventional treatments are warranted.
SOURCES OF UNCERTAINTY IN STUDIES OF DRUGS AFFECTING MOOD, MENTATION OR ACTIVITY
Authors: ERWIN L. LINN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

Research on the effect of drugs, particularly those affecting mood, mentation, and activity, is complicated by a number of obscuring factors. Many of these complications seem inevitable in terms of the nature of the drugs or the available subjects. Until some of these complicating factors can be documented as inconsequential, investigators must try to randomize their potential effects or to take explicit account of them in the research design.
Tissue reactions of in situ formed dextran hydrogels crosslinked by stereocomplex formation after subcutaneous implantation in rats
Authors: Gert W. Bos, Wim E. Hennink, Linda A. Brouwer, Wim den Otter, Theo F.J. Veldhuis, Cornelus F. van Nostrum, Marja J.A. van Luyn
Journal: Biomaterials (2004)
Essential role for UVRAG in autophagy and maintenance of cardiac function
Authors: Zongpei Song, Lin An, Yong Ye, Jian Wu, Yunzeng Zou, Lin He, Hongxin Zhu
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

Ultraviolet irradiation resistance-associated gene (UVRAG) is a tumour suppressor candidate that regulates cell autophagy and endocytosis. However, the in vivo function of UVRAG remains poorly understood. We sought to determine the physiological role of UVRAG in the heart.We characterized mice with disruption of the UVRAG gene by piggyBac (PB) transposon insertion. PB construct was inserted into intron 14 of the UVRAG gene and disruption of UVRAG transcript was confirmed by reverse transcript-polymerase chain reaction. Immunoblotting revealed that UVRAG was deficient in multiple tissues. Autophagic flux was attenuated in UVRAG-deficient (UVRAG(PB/PB)) mouse embryonic fibroblasts. In UVRAG-deficient hearts, autophagosomes were accumulated and autophagic flux, assessed as the increased protein abundance of LC3 II in chloroquine-treated animals, was impaired. UVRAG-deficient mice were viable, fertile, and developmentally normal. However, they developed age-related cardiomyopathy associated with compromised cardiac function. In addition, inflammatory response was enhanced in UVRAG-deficient hearts.Collectively, our findings suggest that UVRAG is essential for the regulation of autophagy and maintenance of cardiac function.
The Argument from Potentiality in the Embryo Protection Debate: Finally “Depotentialized”?
Authors: Marco Stier, Bettina Schoene-Seifert
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2013)

Debates on the moral status of human embryos have been highly and continuously controversial. For many, these controversies have turned into a fruitless scholastical endeavor. However, recent developments and insights in cellular biology have cast further doubt on one of the core points of dissent: the argument from potentiality. In this article we want to show in a nonscholastical way why this argument cannot possibly survive. Getting once more into the intricacies of status debates is a must in our eyes. Not merely intellectual coherence but the standing and self-understanding of current stem cell research might profit from finally taking leave of the argument from potentiality.
Asthmatic attacks induced in aspirin-sensitive patients by diclofenac and naproxen.
Authors: A Szczeklik, R J Gryglewski, G Czerniawska-Mysik, R Pieton
Journal: BMJ (1977)

TABLE IV-Mean (+SD) sucking rate, peak suicking pressure, and milk consumption in naloxone-and placebo-treated infants up to 48 hours after birth.Mean sucking rate (sucks min)Mean sucking pressure (kPa) Mean milk consumption (ml/min/kg) Time (hours)
940-71 Relative Importance of Acute Left Ventricular Function, Infarct Artery Patency, and Improvement of Left Ventricular Function for Late Survival After Direct Angioplasty for Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Bruce Brodie, Thomas Stuckey, Denise Muncy, Richard Weintraub, Grace Kissling, Charles Hansen, E. Joseph LeBauer, Thomas Kelly
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Smoking, use of oral contraceptives, and medical induction of remission were risk factors for relapse in Crohn’s disease
Authors: R F A LOGAN
Journal: Gut (1999)

QuestionWhat are the risk factors for relapse in patients with Crohn's disease in remission?Design 48 week study of patients in the placebo group of a randomised controlled trial. Setting clinical centres in Canada.Patients 152 patients (median age 34 y, 58% women) who were 18-82 years of age; had Crohn's disease with >2 exacerbations in the previous 4 years and 1 exacerbation or surgical resection in the previous 18 months; were in remission (Crohn's Disease Activity Index <150); and had not received treatment with corticosteroids for >30 days, immunosuppressants for >90 days, and mesalazine or metronidazole for 7 days before study entry.Exclusion criteria were a history of proctocolectomy or malignant disease, short bowel syndrome, >3 bowel resections in the previous 10 years, chronic perianal disease, drug abuse, or major illness. Assessment of risk factorsSmoking, use of oral contraceptives, disease location and duration, age at diagnosis, time in remission, recent resection, history of blood transfusions, baseline disease activity, and quality of life were assessed in personal interviews. Main outcome measureRelapse. Main results61 patients relapsed, 60 patients remained in remission, and 31 patients were withdrawn without relapse.Relapses
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and associated hepatobiliary disease: A population-based cohort study
Authors: Hanns-Ulrich Marschall, Elisabeth Wikström Shemer, Jonas F. Ludvigsson, Olof Stephansson
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is the most common liver disease in pregnancy. We aimed to estimate the risk of developing hepatobiliary disease in women with ICP and the odds of developing ICP in women with prevalent hepatobiliary disease. We analyzed data of women with births between 1973 and 2009 and registered in the Swedish Medical Birth Register. By linkage with the Swedish Patient Register, we identified 11,388 women with ICP who were matched to 113,893 women without this diagnosis. Diagnoses of preexisting or later hepatobiliary disease were obtained from the Patient Register. Main outcome measures were hazard ratios (HRs) for later hepatobiliary disease in women with ICP and odds ratios (ORs) for developing ICP in preexisting hepatobiliary disease. Risk estimates were calculated through Cox and logistic regression analyses. Women with ICP were more often diagnosed with later hepatobiliary disease (HR 2.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.47-2.77; increment at 1% per year), hepatitis C or chronic hepatitis (HR 4.16; 3.14-5.51 and 5.96; 3.43-10.33, respectively), fibrosis/cirrhosis (HR 5.11; 3.29-7.96), gallstone disease or cholangitis (HR 2.72; 2.55-2.91, and 4.22; 3.13-5.69, respectively) as compared to women without ICP ( P &lt; 0.001 for all HRs). Later ICP was more common in women with prepregnancy hepatitis C (OR 5.76; 1.30-25.44; P = 0.021), chronic hepatitis (OR 8.66; 1.05-71.48; P = 0.045), and gallstone disease (OR 3.29; 2.02-5.36; P &lt; 0.0001). Conclusion : Women with ICP have substantially increased risk for later hepatobiliary disease. Beyond gallstone-related morbidity we found a strong positive association between ICP and hepatitis C both before and after ICP diagnosis. Thus, we advocate testing for hepatitis C in women with ICP, in particular, since this potentially life-threatening infection can be treated successfully in the majority of patients. (Hepatology 2013;58:1385–1391)
Atrial fibrilation in a tetraplegic paralympic athlete
Authors: P Silva, J Watt, B Soni, T Hlaing, K Pulya
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) experience various types of cardiovascular dysregulation depending on the level of their cord lesion. The recognition and management of cardiovascular dysfunction following SCI represent challenging clinical issues. Moreover, cardiovascular disorders are among the most common causes of death in individuals with SCI. Objective To raise awareness that persons, athletes included, with SCI may develop cardiac arrhytmia without any obvious underlying cause or discernable symptoms. Design Case report of atrial fibrilation (AF) in asymptomatic tetraplegic athlete diagnosed on routine pre-op ECG. Setting North West Regional Spinal Injuries Centre at Soutport UK and British Wheelchair Athletics Association. Case report 37 year old, C6 complete (Abbreviated Injury Scale A) traumatic tetraplegic was diagnosed with AF during routine ECG for elective replacement of intrathecal baclofen pump. He is a full time athlete, medallist at Paralympic and World Games and held at one time the world record in his category (F51) in the Discus. There were no symptoms, no recent history of infection or alcohol excess and no past history suggestive of underlying cardiac pathology, as his previous ECG, echocardiography, thyroid function test and electrolytes were normal. After anticoagulation, cardioversion was successfully carried out after failure of treatment with amiodarone and flecainide for 4 months. Currently, 1 year after initial diagnosis, he is in sinus rhythm, not taking any medication and resumed normal physical activity and competitive sports. In his subjective opinion, he feels he can train harder than before cardioversion. Conclusion First, SCI may contribute to increase risk of developing arrhythmia (AF in this case), which will have negative effect on cardiac performance and if left untreated can increase the risk of cerebrovascular events that could further impair the patient's (athlete in this case) functional status and reduce his life expectancy. Second, we feel that more diligent preparticipation athletic screening and diagnosis is recommended in persons with SCI.
Hepatitis A Vaccine Set for 2-Year-Olds to Adults
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

A STEP toward the eventual control of hepatitis A has been taken with the licensure in February of the first vaccine against the disease. The Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) approval made the United States the 41st country in which the vaccine is available. The inactivated vaccine, manufactured by SmithKline Beecham Biologicals, Philadelphia, Pa, is being marketed under the name Havrix. It will cost $43 per dose for adults and $15 per dose for those younger than 18 years. A second vaccine against hepatitis A, made by Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme Research Laboratories, West Point, Pa, is also under active investigation. Recommendations for use of the licensed vaccine are being prepared by the Hepatitis Branch of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Ga, for the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. A draft was reviewed by the committee 2 weeks before the vaccine was licensed at its regular
INFECTION OF PHARYNX BY THE ASPERGILLUS NIGER
Authors: Frank A. Conlon
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The<i>Aspergillus niger</i>has been reported rather frequently as occurring in the outer ear, but, as far as I can find, after a careful search of the literature, it has never been observed previously in the pharynx. My patient was a young man, 18 years old, whom I had been treating for chronic catarrhal otitis media. On inspecting his pharynx, I found it covered with a black glistening membrane which covered his whole pharynx and nasopharynx. This membrane was quite tough and could be lifted 4 or 5 mm. without rupturing, leaving an apparently normal mucous membrane underneath. A small part of this membrane was sent to the pathologic laboratory of the Boston City Hospital, where it was reported to be entirely made up of mycelium and spores of the<i>Aspergillus niger</i>. In spite of rather vigorous treatment, the<i>Aspergillus niger</i>could be demonstrated for weeks in the secretion of
Rheumatoid disease presenting as a nephrotic syndrome.
Authors: C D Short, L R Solomon, N P Mallick, J D Mackay
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

A 62 year old man with no relevant previous history presented with a nephrotic syndrome. Renal biopsy showed a membranous glomerulopathy and coincident investigation showed high serum titres of rheumatoid factors. It was not until some months later that he developed articular and extra-articular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis.
Early virologic response and IL28B polymorphisms in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 3 treated with peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin
Authors: Thomas-Matthias Scherzer, Harald Hofer, Albert Friedrich Staettermayer, Karoline Rutter, Sandra Beinhardt, Petra Steindl-Munda, Heidrun Kerschner, Harald H. Kessler, Peter Ferenci
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)