tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Myocyte Recovery After Mechanical Circulatory Support in Humans With End-Stage Heart Failure
Authors: Konstantina Dipla, Julian A. Mattiello, Valluvan Jeevanandam, Steven R. Houser, Kenneth B. Margulies
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —The failing myocardium is characterized by decreased force production, slowed relaxation, and depressed responses to β-adrenergic stimulation. In some heart failure patients, heart function is so poor that a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is inserted as a bridge to transplantation. In the present research, we investigated whether circulatory support with an LVAD influenced the functional properties of myocytes from the failing heart. Methods and Results —Myocytes were isolated from human explanted failing hearts (HF-myocytes) and failing hearts with antecedent LVAD support (HF-LVAD-myocytes). Studies of myocyte function indicated that the magnitude of contraction was greater (9.6±0.7% versus 6.9±0.5% shortening), the time to peak contraction was significantly abbreviated (0.37±0.01 versus 0.75±0.04 seconds), and the time to 50% relaxation was reduced (0.55±0.02 versus 1.45±0.11 seconds) in the HF-LVAD-myocytes compared with the HF-myocytes ( P &lt;0.05). The HF-LVAD-myocytes had larger contractions than the HF-myocytes at all frequencies of stimulation tested. The negative force-frequency relationship of the HF-myocytes was improved in HF-LVAD-myocytes but was not reversed. Responses to β-adrenergic stimulation (by isoproterenol) were greater in HF-LVAD-myocytes versus HF-myocytes. Conclusions —The results of the study strongly support the idea that circulatory support with an LVAD improves myocyte contractile properties and increases β-adrenergic responsiveness.
Sudden Infant Deaths And Deficiencies in Diet
Authors: Sidney L. Saltzstein
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We read with interest the letter of Dr. Ayres (225:527, 1973) regarding vitamin E, selenium, and the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Drawing from the same background material as Dr. Ayres, we studied the levels of vitamin E and selenium in infants dying of SIDS and in appropriate control groups.<sup>1,2</sup>In brief summary, the serum levels of vitamin E and selenium in infants dying of SIDS did not differ markedly from those of control infants of the same ages, although the levels in both groups of infants were lower than those in adults. While this is evidence against deficiencies of these two being causally related to SIDS, the problems of antagonism between various dietary factors still may be a worthy path to study for SIDS and other diseases. We have such studies in progress.
Disposition of <sup>14</sup> C and/or <sup>74</sup> As-cacodylic acid in rats after intravenous, intratracheal, or peroral administration
Authors: J. T. Stevens, L. L. Hall, J. D. Farmer, L. C. DiPasquale, N. Chernoff, W. F. Durham
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

The distribution, excretion, and possible metabolism of 14C- and/or 74As-cacodylic acid, an organoarsenical herbicide, was studied in rats following a single intravenous injection, intratracheal instillation or oral gavage. Male Sherman rats were dosed at levels ranging from 200 mg/kg to 120 μg/kg. The extent and rate of lung absorption was greater than gastrointestinal absorption. Concentrations in the liver and whole blood were higher after peroral dosing than intravenous administration. Levels observed in plasma and other tissues were similar after all three routes following the absorptive phase. The percent dose found in the whole blood, red blood cells, and plasma was similar for all doses given by these routes. Less than 0.1½ of the administered dose was recovered as 14CO2 by any route at 24 hr after administration. Twenty-four hours after intravenous, intratracheal, and peroral administration, 71, 60, and 25%, respectively, was excreted in the urine. After intravenous administration of 200 mg/kg, sufficient 14C-cacodylic acid was recovered in bile to account for the small amount excreted in the feces. Cacodylic acid is probably not metabolized to inorganic arsenic since the disposition of 14C and 74As-cacodylic acid were identical. Kinetic analyses of the plasma curve for 14C-cacodylic acid (high dose) yielded three half-times; 0.014, 0.214 and 3.42 hr with an apparent volume of distribution of 15.3 ml. Highest initial concentrations were found in the whole blood, muscle, kidney, liver and lung. Levels in all tissues decreased rapidly, but remained high in whole blood. The red blood cells were found to be the major site of body burden of cacodylic acid.
What the Eczema Area and Severity Index score tells us about the severity of atopic dermatitis: an interpretability study
Authors: Y.A. Leshem, T. Hajar, J.M. Hanifin, E.L. Simpson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Journal Article What the Eczema Area and Severity Index score tells us about the severity of atopic dermatitis: an interpretability study Get access Y.A. Leshem, Y.A. Leshem Department of Dermatology Oregon Health & Science University 3303 SW Bond Avenue Portland OR 97239‐4501 U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Hajar, T. Hajar Department of Dermatology Oregon Health & Science University 3303 SW Bond Avenue Portland OR 97239‐4501 U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.M. Hanifin, J.M. Hanifin Department of Dermatology Oregon Health & Science University 3303 SW Bond Avenue Portland OR 97239‐4501 U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.L. Simpson E.L. Simpson Department of Dermatology Oregon Health & Science University 3303 SW Bond Avenue Portland OR 97239‐4501 U.S.A Correspondence Eric L. Simpson. E‐mail: simpsone@ohsu.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 172, Issue 5, 1 May 2015, Pages 1353–1357, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13662 Published: 01 May 2015
Body Mass Index and Mortality in the Elderly
Authors: Michael Rowland
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The excellent article by Harris et al<sup>1</sup>in the March 11 issue of<i>JAMA</i>effectively reinforces the body mass index (weight [kilograms]/height [meters] squared) as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality among older persons. According to a recent report<sup>2</sup>from the National Center for Health Statistics, nearly 34 million adult Americans or more than one in four adults 20 to 74 years of age are overweight from estimates based on the body mass index. A panel of nutrition and epidemiologic experts at the 1985 National Institutes of Health Conference on the Health Implications of Obesity cited evidence that "obesity is clearly associated with hy
WHO Leader Dies
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 1667: Pathway analysis of bladder cancer genome-wide association study identifies several novel pathways involved in bladder cancer development
Authors: Meng Chen, Yuanqing Ye, Colin P. Dinney, Xifeng Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple genetic variants associated with bladder cancer risk but only explain a small fraction of the inherited variability. A recurring problem in traditional GWAS analysis (i.e., single-SNP analysis) is the lack of consideration of biological pathways that contains network of genes with subtle, undetectable effect at the single SNP or single gene level. Application of innovative secondary analyses focusing on genes and pathways will complement and expand traditional GWAS analysis and identify novel genes and pathways that are associated with bladder cancer risk. We used the genome-wide scan data from MD Anderson's bladder cancer case control study to identify cellular signaling pathways involved in bladder cancer tumorigenesis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was applied as a secondary analysis of our previous bladder cancer GWAS data. GSEA can detect subtle effects of multiple SNPs in the same gene set, and multiple genes in the same biological pathway, which are often missed in traditional GWAS analysis. Using three GSEA approaches (Gen-Gen, Aligator, and SNP Ratio Test), we consistently identified 18 pathways significantly associated with bladder cancer risk. The top pathways included two cell cycle pathways involved in the G1/S transition (PGenGen: 0.001, PAligator: 0.001, PSRT: 0.002), neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) pathway (PGenGen:&amp;lt;0.001, PAligator: 0.020, PSRT: 0.014), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) induced intracellular pathway (PGenGen: &amp;lt;0.001, PAligator: 0.026, PSRT: 0.006) and unfolded protein response pathway (PGenGen: 0.007, PAligator: 0.001, PSRT: &amp;lt;0.001). We identified that CCNE1 rs8110447 and rs8102137 were the most significant SNPs and gene in the two cell cycle pathways. As previously reported in GWAS, CCNE1 at 19q12 is a hotspot for bladder cancer susceptibility. However, other pathways with known susceptibility genes, such as those containing GSTM1, were not significant in the GSEA analysis, suggesting that this approach has identified novel biological pathways involved in bladder cancer tumorigenesis. Future studies are needed to validate in independent population. Overall, these findings contribute to a coherent understanding of the overall gene networks involved in bladder cancer susceptibility as well as offer additional etiologic insights highlighting the specific genes and pathways involved. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1667. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1667
Newer hypnotics no better for insomnia than short acting benzodiazepines
Authors: Liza Gibson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) has issued new guidance to the NHS recommending that hypnotic drugs be used for severe insomnia only for short periods and only after non-pharmacological measures have been considered. Non-pharmacological treatments include cognitive behaviour therapy and relaxation techniques and avoiding stimulants (such as coffee) before bedtime. NICE does not distinguish between newer hypnotics known as Z drugs (zaleplon, zolpidem, and zopiclone) and short acting benzodiazepines such as loprazolam, lorazepam, lormetazepam and temazepam—recommending that the drug with the “lowest purchase cost” be chosen.
Aberrant Crypt Foci of the Colon as Precursors of Adenoma and Cancer
Authors: Tetsuji Takayama, Shinichi Katsuki, Yasuo Takahashi, Motoh Ohi, Shuichi Nojiri, Sumio Sakamaki, Junji Kato, Katsuhisa Kogawa, Hirotsugu Miyake, Yoshiro Niitsu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Aberrant crypt foci of the colon are possible precursors of adenoma and cancer, but these lesions have been studied mainly in surgical specimens from patients who already had colon cancer.
A PLEA FOR REFORM IN CRIMINAL JURISPRUDENCE.
Authors: F E Daniel
Journal: JAMA (1896)

In all ages and amongst all peoples, civilized and savage, so far as we have any record, the instinct of race, tribe or national preservation has led them to regard the welfare and prosperity of the people as the supreme law. No individual interests were paramount to that of the people, and personal rights were curtailed, or sacrificed to the public good. For ages this has been formulated into the familiar maxim,<i>Salus Populi est Suprema Lex</i>. And as a corollary, it has been a maxim that "the few shall suffer, or be sacrificed (if need be), for the preservation or safety of the whole;" hence, the democratic doctrine, "the majority shall rule." Among primitive peoples, this principle was carried to the extent of destroying feeble or decrepit offspring who would become a burden or hindrance to the state or tribe; and in the interest, too, we must assume, of
Mandatory National Health Service
Authors: Michael M. E. Johns
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Health care reform is now a national priority. But the success of any health care reform plan will depend on our ability to put the necessary physicians, related health care workers, and resources within reach of all who need them. Since the current mix and distribution of physicians obviously will not meet those goals, bold steps are required. In light of President Clinton's call for national service, I believe it is time to incorporate national health service into graduate medical education.  See also p 3136.  Two problems lead me to this conclusion. First, the mix of generalist and specialist physicians has shifted dramatically to specialization. 1 Second, the geographic distribution of physicians is not aligned with need. Most affluent metropolitan areas have an overabundance of super-specialists, while some areas suffer from the lack of even a single generalist. 1   Solutions to the first problem are not hard to envision. Currently,
Medical Explorers in Africa
Authors: Robert M. Goldwyn
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The physician-explorers of Africa left a unique legacy of achievement and adventure. Their medical training not only provided knowledge useful for their survival but also cultivated the traits of self-discipline and tenacity necessary for their arduous work.  One of the earliest medical pioneers to penetrate the interior of Africa was Mungo Park (1771-1806). Having graduated from the University of Edinburgh, he began his unusual career as a surgeon to the East India Company. His first trip was a voyage to Sumatra, and, on his return, he presented new species of fish and plants to the Linnaean Society. Some members of that influential group were so impressed by Park that they arranged for him to replace Major Daniel Houghton, who had died during an unsuccessful search for the source of the Niger River, known to Europeans only by hearsay. Park's account of his own efforts, Travels in the Interior of Africa
Obsevations on the Clinical Use of Radio Pills
Authors: A. M. Connell, J. McCall, J. J. Misiewicaz, E. N. Rowlands
Journal: BMJ (1963)

The invention of the transistor made it possible to design a self-contained radio-transmitter with a transducing system for modulating it which is small enough to be swallowed as easily as a pill.The radio signal is picked up by an aerial, and the output of the receiver is fed into a loudspeaker and a pen recorder (Fig. 1).Radio pills containing transducers sensitive to pH, temperature, and pressure have already been used for telemetering continuous information about one or other of these variables from the lumen of the gut (Fig. 2). Advantages and Limitations of TelemeteringThis development seemed to herald a tubeless era for gastro-intestinal investigations.The news was welcomed by patients and doctors alike because the nausea and emo-
Noninvasive monitoring of patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Robert J. Fontana, Anna S. F. Lok
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Hepatic fibrosis is the main determinant of clinical outcomes of chronic hepatitis C. Liver histology is frequently considered the gold standard for assessing hepatic fibrosis. However, liver biopsy is associated with sampling error, interobserver variability, and potential complications. Thus, there is a need for simple, inexpensive, and reliable noninvasive means to assess disease severity in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Clinical examination is unreliable in differentiating different stages of compensated liver disease. Among the routine laboratory tests, decreased platelet count, increase in the ratio of aspartate to alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT), and prolonged prothrombin time are the earliest indicators of cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Individual serum fibrosis markers have limited accuracy in predicting hepatic fibrosis. Indices composed of a panel of markers correlate better with histological fibrosis, but their reliability requires further validation. Currently, noninvasive monitoring of patients with chronic hepatitis C relies on clinical evaluation, routine laboratory tests, and ultrasound and endoscopic surveillance in patients with cirrhosis. Initial evaluation should focus on assessment of activity and stage of liver disease for prognostication and decisions regarding treatment, and to rule out coinfections and other causes of liver disease. Subsequent follow-up should focus on detection of liver disease progression and the need for treatment. The frequency of monitoring and the tests used will depend on the patient’s age, stage of liver disease, and comorbid conditions. There is an urgent need to develop and validate noninvasive tests that can accurately reflect the full spectrum of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C.
Platelet factor 3 in normal subjects and patients with renal failure
Authors: S. Frederick Rabiner, Otto Hrodek
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Two tests were used to differentiate abnormalities in release of platelet factor 3 (PF3) from quantitative deficiencies of this factor in normal subjects and in patients with renal failure. The first test was an assay which determined availability of PF3 (PF3-A time) and involved the use of a mixture of patient's platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and normal platelet-poor plasma (PPP) in a fixed ratio (1:8). The second test was similar but used "frozen and thawed" platelets to obtain a quantitative estimate of PF3 (PF3-F time). An abnormal PF3-A time was found in approximately three-quarters of 55 patients with renal insufficiency; 43 of these had chronic and 12 had acute renal failure. This abnormality was present both in patients with and without hemorrhagic manifestations, although it was slightly more common in bleeders. The PF3-F test was abnormal in approximately one-third of the bleeding patients and one-quarter of the non-bleeders. The PF3-A time returned to normal or was significantly shortened 24-48 hr after peritoneal or hemodialysis. Studies on patients who were not dialyzed showed no statistically significant correlations between the PF3-A time and either the serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, calcium, or phosphorus. Furthermore, the PF3-A time was not affected by guanidinosuccinic or guanidinoacetic acids. We therefore conclude that the demonstrable platelet abnormality in patients with uremia is produced by an unknown dialyzable material. The mean plasma clot retraction of uremic patients was also significantly different from the mean plasma clot retraction or normal controls. However, unlike the PF3-A time, the abnormality of plasma clot retraction was not immediately affected by dialysis. Correction of plasma clot retraction did occur after repeated dialyses.
ABDOMINAL INJURIES IN A CASUALTY CLEARING STATION
Authors: A. Don
Journal: BMJ (1917)

experience illustrated one of the accidental features which affects the prognosis of abdominal wounds..This is an interesting fact: it has been our experience that uncomplicated wounds of thie small intestine, which are suitable for treatment by the operation of suture all recover; the operation is no more serious than an append-.ectorny.Lately we had a case which showed fifteen perfoiations tlhrouglhout the length of the small intestine, but all were suitable for suture, and an uneventful recovery was made.Stomuach wounds offer quite a good prognosls when they are uncomplicated, but unfortunately this last desideratum is very rarely present.Wounds of the colon, even when uncomplicated, demand a grave prognosis.Thle gravity arises from the liability whiich there is of infection of the retrocolic and retro- peritoneal tissue.In uncomplicated wounds of the solid viscera a good prognosis may be given.But, as we have said in a former paper, there is this fact to be recognized, that one must be prepared for repeated most bittr disappointments; yet, when a series of cases is reviewed, the gains seem infinitely greater than the losses.The prognosis, of course, very largely depends on thie degree of the, injury sustained; but an even more important factor is the length of time which has elapsed since tlhe injury was sustained.Early operation offers tlje best and surest chance of ultimate success.In re- viewing tlhe statistics of the results of such operations as tlese it is impossible to consider the question en mas8e.Eaclh individtual case must be considered, for the chances ,of success depend upon so inany, factors that it varies ,enormously in different instances.We wislh to acknowledge our indebtedness to Colonel
Thank You to<i>JAMA</i>Peer Reviewers, Authors, and Readers
Authors: Phil B. Fontanarosa, Howard Bauchner
Journal: JAMA (2014)

In this issue of JAMA, we are pleased to publish the names of the 3960 peer reviewers of JAMA manuscripts in 2013.1 We extend our sincere thanks to these reviewers for their thoughtful, insightful, and scholarly evaluation of manuscripts. Even though the peer review process continues to undergo evaluation and evolution,2 we find the comments and suggestions from JAMA peer reviewers an indispensable aspect of the scientific publication process.

We also extend our sincere thanks to all authors who submitted manuscripts for consideration for publication in JAMA. In 2013, the 6937 total manuscripts and 4731 research papers submitted, as well as the 78 randomized clinical trials, 124 Editorials, and 192 Viewpoints published in JAMA, represent all-time highs (Table and eTable in the Supplement). We are honored to know that authors have the trust and confidence in JAMA to submit their most important papers for evaluation and possible publication, and the quality of these manuscripts is reflected in JAMA’s impact factor of 30. In addition, many authors have taken advantage of our new opportunity to designate at the time of submission that if their manuscript is not accepted by JAMA, it could immediately be considered for publication by one of the JAMA Network journals. In 2013, 1649 papers were transferred to the JAMA Network specialty journals.