tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Studies on the exaggerated natriuretic response to a saline infusion in the hypothyroid rat
Authors: Edward W. Holmes, Vincent A. DiScala
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

The exaggerated natriuresis of hypothyroid rats receiving a 5% saline infusion was studied to determine the mechanism and the site within the nephron responsible for this increase in sodium excretion. Sodium clearance (C(Na)) and fractional sodium excretion were both demonstrated to be greater in hypothyroid rats for any amount of sodium infused. The rate of increase in fractional sodium excretion in response to saline loading was 3.4 times greater in hypothyroid animals. At the conclusion of the diuresis some of the hypothyroid animals excreted greater than 45% of the filtered sodium load, while no control animal excreted more than 12% of the filtered sodium load. The mean clearance of insulin during the saline diuresis was 36.6% lower (P < 0.001) in the hypothyroid rats. D-Aldosterone given to hypothyroid animals 3 hr before the experiment did not alter the magnitude or rate of increase in fractional sodium excretion. Inulin space determinations in nephrectomized rats revealed that extracellular fluid volume was contracted by 17.1% in the hypothyroid rats (P < 0.01). Plasma sodium was not significantly different in hypothyroid and control animals.A limit on solute free water reabsorption (T(e) (H2O)) per osmolar clearance (C(Osm)) was demonstrated in the hypothyroid rats when these animals excreted greater than 12% of the filtered osmotic load. The limit on T(e) (H2O) formation was associated with an acceleration in the rate of sodium excretion and a decline in the rate of potassium excretion. Early in the diuresis when C(Osm), C(Na), and T(e) (H2O) were comparable in hypothyroid and control rats, the filtered sodium load was 31% lower (P < 0.01) in the hypothyroid animals. These findings indicate that diminished thyroid hormone activity decreases renal sodium reabsorptive capacity. Indirect evidence suggests that the distal and possibly the proximal tubules are the sites of this diminished sodium reabsorption in hypothyroid animals.
Trust defers surgical referrals for patients to lose weight and stop smoking
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Referrals for elective surgery in parts of Hertfordshire have “dropped dramatically” since doctors in charge of commissioning started to tell obese patients and smokers that they need to lose weight or see a smoking cessation counsellor before their name is added to the waiting list for a range of operations.

The move to introduce mandatory lifestyle advice before surgery for obese and smoking patients was made in April and initially applied only to orthopaedic surgery. However, the scheme will be extended to cover all elective surgical procedures over the next couple of months.

Under the initiative all patients who smoke or have a BMI over 30 and need joint replacement surgery were first referred to a …
Radiology of the Pancreas
Authors: Joseph T. Ferrucci, S. Boyd Eaton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

LESS than a decade ago the pancreas was considered a hidden organ. Available roentgenographic methods often gave negative or misleading results, and surgeons frequently embarked upon exploratory surgery for suspected pancreatic disease with an uncertain preoperative diagnosis. Within recent years a number of new radiographic diagnostic technics have become available for the clinical investigation of pancreatic disorders. When they are employed singly and in various combinations diagnostic accuracy for diseases of the pancreas currently approaches 95 per cent in well equipped radiology departments. A systematized, sequential approach to radiologic investigation of symptomatic pancreatic disease is essential.Pancreatic ScanningThe accumulation . . .
Loss of TET2 has dual roles in murine myeloproliferative neoplasms: disease sustainer and disease accelerator
Authors: Takuro Kameda, Kotaro Shide, Takumi Yamaji, Ayako Kamiunten, Masaaki Sekine, Yasuhiro Taniguchi, Tomonori Hidaka, Yoko Kubuki, Haruko Shimoda, Kousuke Marutsuka, Goro Sashida, Kazumasa Aoyama, Makoto Yoshimitsu, Taku Harada, Hiroo Abe, Tadashi Miike, Hisayoshi Iwakiri, Yoshihiro Tahara, Mitsue Sueta, Shojiro Yamamoto, Satoru Hasuike, Kenji Nagata, Atsushi Iwama, Akira Kitanaka, Kazuya Shimoda
Journal: Blood (2014)
Notes on a Successful Case of Pyloroplasty
Authors: T. Oliver, F. Page
Journal: BMJ (1897)

IKZDICAL JOUZXAL 845~~~~~~~~~The instrument is equally applicable to all sized heads, and forms its own unit of measurement for each, tlhus eliminating the errors caused by using standard measures for varying sur- faces.It is compact, light, durable, and may be rendered aseptic by boiling.Messrs. Arnold and Sons, London, are the makers.
LKB1 Inactivation Elicits a Redox Imbalance to Modulate Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Plasticity and Therapeutic Response
Authors: Fuming Li, Xiangkun Han, Fei Li, Rui Wang, Hui Wang, Yijun Gao, Xujun Wang, Zhaoyuan Fang, Wenjing Zhang, Shun Yao, Xinyuan Tong, Yuetong Wang, Yan Feng, Yihua Sun, Yuan Li, Kwok-Kin Wong, Qiwei Zhai, Haiquan Chen, Hongbin Ji
Journal: Cancer Cell (2015)
CTLA-4–Ig regulates tryptophan catabolism in vivo
Authors: Ursula Grohmann, Ciriana Orabona, Francesca Fallarino, Carmine Vacca, Filippo Calcinaro, Alberto Falorni, Paola Candeloro, Maria L. Belladonna, Roberta Bianchi, Maria C. Fioretti, Paolo Puccetti
Journal: Nature Immunology (2002)
P205 21 years of SHIELD: decreasing incidence of Occupational Asthma in the West Midlands, UK?
Authors: GI Walters, A Kirkham, EE McGrath, VC Moore, AS Robertson, PS Burge
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Notifications of occupational asthma (OA) to the West Midlands SHIELD reporting scheme have declined between 1991 and 2011. This may be due in part to reporter fatigue or restrictions on reporting, under-recognition, or true reduction in incidence of OA due to workplace control measures. We aimed to describe trends in reports of OA to the SHIELD database over a 21-year period and investigate reasons for any changes. <h3>Methods</h3> Descriptive statistics were performed on demographic and annual notification count data (for total notifications and individual causative agents). Count data were scaled to give a count per million workers using West Midlands’ mid-year population estimates. A number of statistical analyses were undertaken to calculate trends in annual notifications: (i) non-parametric Kendall tau-b correlation (reference method), (ii) a negative binomial regression model, calculating incident rate ratios (IRRs), including a step-change analysis, and (iii) a logistic regression model calculating annual reporting odds ratios for 13 common causative agents. <h3>Results</h3> 1637 cases of OA were notified between 1991 and 2011. Most cases were notified from the Birmingham Heartlands specialist clinic and notifications made elsewhere in the West Midlands fell from 16 per million workers in 1995 to zero in 2004, with very few cases (4 per million workers) after that. A significant non-linear decrease in annual total notifications was observed over the study period (IRR = 1.056; 95% CI = 1.012–1.102; p = 0.012), as was the case for most causative agents studied. However cleaning products showed a 6% increase in notifications year-on-year (IRR = 1.056; 95% CI = 1.012–1.102; p = 0.012; Figure 1). Although the incidence of isocyanate-related OA decreased significantly after 2005, the proportion of annual notifications due to isocyanates relative to other agents increased year on year (tau = 0.43; p = 0.007). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Falling incidence of OA between 1991 and 2011 is explained in part by under-recognition by healthcare professionals, and by reporter fatigue, though for some causative agents this may be attributed in part to better workplace controls. Isocyanates remain the most common cause of OA but reports have fallen recently along with colophony, latex and glutaraldehyde, which have almost disappeared. Conversely cleaning product related OA is increasingly recognised.
Abstract 3304: The Cardioprotective Effect of Prostaglandin E2/EP4 System is Important for the Late Phase Preconditioning
Authors: Takayasu Kanno, Jun-ichi Kawabe, Koh-ichi Yuhki, Naofumi Takehara, Fumitaka Ushikubi, Naoyuki Hasebe
Journal: Circulation (2009)
Treatment for Stroke
Authors: Saul B. Gilson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections15 December 1989Treatment for StrokeSaul B. Gilson, MDSaul B. Gilson, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-111-12-1048 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor: The recent editorial by Barsan and colleagues (1) on early treatment for acute ischemic stroke states that "there is no proven treatment to reverse ischemic stroke, whether initiated early or late." However, later in the editorial the authors, surprisingly, state the following:Emergency medical system personnel have been educated concerning the need for urgent stroke treatment and are encouraged to notify the hospital whenever a stroke patient is en route. The emergency physician then notifies a special stroke team before the patient arrives. Stroke treatment can then be instituted within 30 to 60 minutes from arrival. ....Reference1. BarsanBrottOlingerMarler WTCJ. Early treatment for ischemic stroke [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1989;111:449-51. LinkGoogle Scholar1. Barbash G. Time dependence of beneficial effects of thrombolysis and prehospital thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction. In: Julian D, Kubler W, Norris RM, Swan HJ, Collen D, Verstraete M, eds. Thrombolysis in Cardiovascular Disease. New York: Marcel Dekker; 1989:293-308. Google Scholar2. Sloandel ZoppoBrott MGT. Thrombolysis and stroke. In: Julian DG, Kubler W, Norris RM, Swan HJ, Collen D, Verstraete M, eds. Thrombolysis in Cardiovascular Disease, New York: Marcel Dekker; 1989:361-80. Google Scholar3. del Zoppo G. Thrombolytic therapy in cerebrovascular disease. Stroke. 1988;19:1174-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Sloan M. Thrombolysis and stroke: past and future. Arch Neurol. 1987;44:748-68. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 469 Fort Washington Avenue New York, NY 10033 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 December 1989Volume 111, Issue 12Page: 1048-1049KeywordsIschemic strokeStroke Issue Published: 15 December 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Therapeutic Utilization of the Juvenile Court
Authors: YEHUDA NIR, RHODA CUTLER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

The authors describe a collaborative program between an adolescent psychiatric clinic and a juvenile court that has resulted in the successful handling of otherwise untreatable court-referred adolescents. The approach used in this program has overcome two major problems in the therapy of adolescents: resistance to treatment and the tendency to act out. Court authority brings an abrupt halt to the chain of events perpetuated by the patients' behavior and at the same time intensifies the current crisis, thus making the patient more available for help.
A technique for in vivo mapping of myocardial creatine kinase metabolism
Authors: Mohammad Haris, Anup Singh, Kejia Cai, Feliks Kogan, Jeremy McGarvey, Catherine DeBrosse, Gerald A Zsido, Walter R T Witschey, Kevin Koomalsingh, James J Pilla, Julio A Chirinos, Victor A Ferrari, Joseph H Gorman, Hari Hariharan, Robert C Gorman, Ravinder Reddy
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
Sodium Citrate in the Transfusion of Blood
Authors: Richard Weil
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Blood mixed in proper proportions with a solution of sodium citrate does not clot, owing to the well-known fact that the calcium salts are no longer available for coagulation. Such blood may be kept for many days in the ice-box, without losing its oxygenating function. After one week the cells show little change under the microscope, and very slight reduction in the resistance to toxic physical or biologic agencies. After a few days there is merely some tinging of the supernatant fluid. Experimentally, I have found that guinea-pigs or dogs may be practically exsanguinated, and can then be rapidly restored by venous transfusion of citrated blood, even if the blood is several days old. No unpleasant reactions occur. Human patients have been treated in the same way, receiving in various cases amounts ranging from 10 to 350 c.c. of citrated blood. The blood was used fresh in some instances; and
New players in the sepsis-protective activated protein C pathway
Authors: Wolfram Ruf
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Recombinant activated protein C (aPC) improves the survival of patients with severe sepsis, but the precise molecular and cellular targets through which it mediates this effect remain incompletely understood. In this issue of the JCI, Kerschen et al. show that endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) is specifically expressed by mouse CD8+ dendritic cells and that these coordinators of host responses to systemic infection are required for aPC to provide protection against the lethality of sepsis. An additional study, by Cao and colleagues, recently published in the JCI, implicates the leukocyte integrin CD11b in the pathways by which aPC mediates antiinflammatory effects in the context of lethal sepsis in mice, suggesting a common thread of synergistic control of innate immune responses by life-saving aPC therapy.
Health and Disease in Tribal Societies
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1978)

That many health problems arise when primitive isolated groups first have contact with modern civilization is well recognized. In recent years anthropologists, public health workers, government officials, and explorers have tried unsuccessfully to protect tribal groups from the injurious effects of such contact. They have also tried to learn as much as possible from the study of these people and have made some effort to determine the best way of assimilating them into our society. In 1976 the Ciba Foundation sponsored a symposium in which 26 experts from all over the world—physicians, epidemiologists, geneticists, anthropologists, and others—met and discussed these problems. This volume includes the 14 papers presented, together with the well-reported and lively discussions that followed each presentation. In his introduction the chairman, P. Hugh-Jones of London, points out that apart from the ethics of helping primitive man, we have much to gain for ourselves by studying him. Perhaps
Aortic Stenosis and Echocardiography
Authors: GOPALARAO NEMANA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1979Aortic Stenosis and EchocardiographyGOPALARAO NEMANA, M.D.GOPALARAO NEMANA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-90-3-439_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I read with interest the article "Echocardiographic Estimation of Aortic-Valve Gradient in Aortic Stenosis" in the September issue (1).It is surprising that the authors have chosen to include four patients who were found to have no gradient across the aortic valve on left heart catheterization. Even if the condition is clinically suspected, absence of gradient across the aortic valve eliminates the diagnosis. This error, I presume, will not add the same statistical significance that the authors claim. The paper is based on the assumption that normal left ventricle maintains a constant wall stress when faced with...References1. SCHWARTZVIGNOLAWALKERKINGGOLDBLATT APHMA: Echocardiography estimation of aortic-valve gradient in aortic stenosis. Ann Intern Med 89:329-335, 1978 LinkGoogle Scholar2. HURSTLOGUESCHLANTWENGER JRRN (eds.): The Heart, 4th ed. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1978, p. 1052 Google Scholar1. EDDLEMANFROMMEYERLYLEBANCROFTTWENER EWDWM: Critical analysis of clinical factors in estimating severity of aortic valve disease. Am J Cardiol 31:687-695, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. BENNETTEVANSRAJ DDM: Echocardiographic left ventricular dimensions in pressure and volume overload. Their use in assessing aortic stenosis. Br Heart J 37:971-977, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1979Volume 90, Issue 3Page: 439-439KeywordsAortic valveCatheterizationEchocardiographyHeartLeft ventricleStenosis Issue Published: 1 March 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...
WHO says tobacco industry "used" institute to undermine its policies
Authors: R. MacDonald
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The tobacco industry has been accused by the World Health Organization (WHO) of using a scientific institute to undermine its efforts to control and reduce the use of tobacco. The industry helped to finance a symposium on smoking run by the institute and tried to influence the topics discussed at another one, WHO alleges.

The credibility of the International Life Sciences Institute, which is funded partly by the food and drinks industry, has been called into question in a document drawn up by the WHO's tobacco free initiative. It provides evidence that the institute was receiving money from the tobacco industry throughout the period 1983 to 1998.

The institute describes itself as an independent, non-governmental organisation that “advances the understanding of scientific issues relating to nutrition, food safety, toxicology, risk assessment and the environment by bringing together scientists, …
NICE endorses TURis system for prostate surgery
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Surgeons should use the transurethral resection in saline (TURis) system to reduce the size of enlarged prostate glands, new guidance from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has said.

The guidelines from NICE’s Medical Technologies Advisory Committee1 said that the bipolar electrosurgery system, manufactured by Olympus Medical, reduces the need for blood transfusion, cuts complications, and could save hospitals as much as …
Missed Opportunities to Treat Atherosclerosis in Patients Undergoing Peripheral Vascular Interventions
Authors: Debabrata Mukherjee, Prasanth Lingam, Stanley Chetcuti, P. Michael Grossman, Mauro Moscucci, Ann E. Luciano, Kim A. Eagle
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Peripheral vascular disease is a manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.We examined clinical outcomes in 66 consecutive patients undergoing peripheral vascular interventions at our institution between January 2001 and October 2001. At hospital discharge and at 6 months, lifestyle modifications and use of evidence-based therapy was suboptimal. At 6 months, a significant proportion continued to smoke (22.7%) and only half of the patients exercised, controlled their weight, or modified their diet for lipid control. The use of antiplatelet therapy was 77.2%; of angiotensin-converting enzyme, 35.9%; of beta-blockers, 42.5%; and of statins, 50%. Twelve of the 66 patients (18.2%) had a clinical event of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. An appropriateness algorithm for use of secondary prevention measures was created with the use of evidence-based therapy guidelines, and a composite appropriateness variable was also created. The use of evidence-based therapy was associated with a significant reduction of the composite of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke at 6 months (OR 0.02, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.44, P=0.01).Atherosclerosis risk factors are very prevalent in patients with peripheral vascular disease, but these patients receive less than optimal treatment after a predominantly technical vascular intervention. Effective secondary prevention with appropriate lifestyle interventions and evidence-based medical therapy needs to be strongly encouraged and implemented in these patients.
Sudden Cardiac Death Due to Triple Vessel Coronary Dissection
Authors: A. Lunebourg, I. Letovanec, P. Eggenberger, H.A. Lehr
Journal: Circulation (2008)

A 55-year-old white woman with no previous medical history collapsed when driving home in her car after a leisurely swimming session.She had sufficient time to communicate to a bystander a recent history (1 week prior) of chest pain for which she had not consulted a physician.She took no medication and had no cardiovascular risk factors.Cardiorespiratory reanimation was performed for 40 minutes by bystanders without success, and the woman was pronounced dead by the time professional help arrived on the scene.No ECG or other noninvasive examinations of her heart are thus available.At autopsy, no Marfan or Ehlers-Danlos syndrome was noted.The heart weighted 310 g (body weight 55 kg, height 165 cm, and body-mass index 20.2).No vascular or myocardial abnormalities were noted and no cardiac hypertrophy (left ventricle 1.3 cm and right ventricle 0.5 cm).Examination of the coronary tree revealed no atherosclerotic changes but complete occlusion of all 3 main coronary arteries: the right coronary artery from 0.5 cm of the ostium down to 12.5 cm, the left coronary artery from 0.7 cm to 1.9 cm, and then into the left anterior descending coronary artery for 6.5 cm and the common coronary artery for 5.5 cm (Figure 1A through 1C).The ascending aorta, the coronary artery orifices, and the proximal coronary trunks were macroscopically normal (Figure 1D through 1F).Besides acute pulmonary edema (pulmonary weight 1350 g), no abnormalities were noted.Histologically, all 3 coronary arteries showed dissection through the outer third of the media (Figure 2A and2B), with no apparent intimal tear on serial sectioning and a dense eosinophilic infiltrate restricted to the adventitial side of the dissection plane
Fabrication of a Hybrid Microfluidic System Incorporating both Lithographically Patterned Microchannels and a 3D Fiber‐Formed Microfluidic Network
Authors: Leon M. Bellan, Tatiana Kniazeva, Ernest S. Kim, Alla A. Epshteyn, Donald M. Cropek, Robert Langer, Jeffrey T. Borenstein
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

A device containing a 3D microchannel network (fabricated using sacrificial melt-spun microfibers) sandwiched between lithographically patterned microfluidic channels offers improved delivery of soluble compounds to a large volume compared to a simple stack of two microfluidic channel layers. With this improved delivery ability comes an increased fluidic resistance due to the tortuous network of small-diameter channels.