tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MUCOSAL HEALING IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH INFLIXIMAB IN CROHN'S DISEASE AND ULCERATIVE COLITIS
Authors: J Boyd, L Lee, S Lanzon-Miller
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Aims/Background</h3> Infliximab (IFX) is a chimeric monoclonal antibody effective for inducing and maintaining remission in Crohn9s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The efficacy of IFX in achieving clinical remission has been well demonstrated. However, data regarding mucosal healing based on duration of therapy is limited. <h3>Method</h3> A retrospective cohort study of patients with CD and UC who had been treated with IFX at Milton Keynes General hospital. Patients were identified from the Planned Care Unit “infliximab diary” and their records were reviewed. Patient details, duration of therapy and results of endoscopic investigations were extracted into a standardized form. Mucosal healing was defined as no active inflammation on endoscopy. Patients who underwent a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy within one year of their last IFX dose were included in the study. <h3>Results</h3> 21 patients (10 male) were studied with a median age of 37 years (range: 20–68 years). CD (17/21) % ileal disease 12% (2/17) % ileocolonic 76% (13/17) % colonic disease 12% (2/17) UC (4/21) % colonic disease 100% (4/4) 4 patients had induction therapy at 0, 2 and 6 weeks only. In this cohort mucosal healing was achieved in 50% [(2/4) both CD]. 17 patients had induction therapy followed by 8-weekly maintenance infusions. The median duration of therapy was 24 months (range: 5–62 months). In this cohort mucosal healing was achieved in 29% (5/17). <h3>Conclusion</h3> IFX was successful in achieving mucosal healing for a high proportion of patients. The proportion of patients who had mucosal healing immediately after induction therapy of IFX was not statistically significant from the proportion of patients who had mucosal healing with maintenance therapy. This may be representative of the different disease characteristics of the two groups and we aim to investigate this further with a larger sample.
Mast Cells Can Secrete Vascular Permeability Factor/ Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor and Exhibit Enhanced Release after Immunoglobulin E–dependent Upregulation of Fcε Receptor I Expression
Authors: Jürg Boesiger, Mindy Tsai, Marcus Maurer, Masao Yamaguchi, Lawrence F. Brown, Kevin P. Claffey, Harold F. Dvorak, Stephen J. Galli
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VPF/VEGF) can both potently enhance vascular permeability and induce proliferation of vascular endothelial cells. We report here that mouse or human mast cells can produce and secrete VPF/VEGF. Mouse mast cells release VPF/VEGF upon stimulation through Fcepsilon receptor I (FcepsilonRI) or c-kit, or after challenge with the protein kinase C activator, phorbol myristate acetate, or the calcium ionophore, A23187; such mast cells can rapidly release VPF/VEGF, apparently from a preformed pool, and can then sustain release by secreting newly synthesized protein. Notably, the Fc epsilonRI-dependent secretion of VPF/VEGF by either mouse or human mast cells can be significantly increased in cells which have undergone upregulation of Fc epsilonRI surface expression by a 4-d preincubation with immunoglobulin E. These findings establish that at least one cell type, the mast cell, can be stimulated to secrete VPF/VEGF upon immunologically specific activation via a member of the multichain immune recognition receptor family. Our observations also identify a new mechanism by which mast cells can contribute to enhanced vascular permeability and/or angiogenesis, in both allergic diseases and other settings.
ABC of mental health: Mental health emergencies
Authors: Z. Atakan, T. Davies
Journal: BMJ (1997)

An emergency is a situation that requires immediate attention to avert a serious outcome. Mental health emergencies range from situations where a patient is at risk because of intense personal distress, suicidal intentions, or self neglect to those where a patient places others at risk. Some patients may behave in an aggressive manner, make threats, or act violently. Such behaviour may produce physical or psychological injury in other people or damage property. What makes a situation an emergency depends on the individual patient and the circumstances. Surprisingly, patients with mental disorders are more often the victims than the perpetrators of violence. They are often feared by the public, and this may render them vulnerable to assault. A patient's own health is often at risk from his or her behaviour, as in attempted suicide or severe depression. Other people may be more at risk of neglect or accidental involvement than of intentional violence. In difficult circumstances almost any patient may behave violently and pose a risk to their own safety or that of others Not all emergencies involve psychotic disorders. Neurotic disorders such as acute anxiety or panic disorder can cause chaotic or dangerous behaviour. Misuse of alcohol or illicit drugs may increase a patient's vulnerability, risk taking behaviour, and propensity to violence. The recent increase in suicide rate among young men seems to be due to social and psychological factors rather than recognised mental disorder. #### Some mental health emergencies ##### Immediate risk to a patient's health and wellbeing ##### Immediate risk to a patient's safety
Intensified Therapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: James F. Bishop
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has long been the prototype for the intensive chemotherapy now widely used in the treatment of many cancers. It has been more than 25 years since Ellison et al. first showed that cytarabine could prolong survival substantially among patients with AML1. Since that time, standard therapy, with induction and consolidation phases, has been synonymous with the most intense treatment possible for this once uniformly fatal disease.In the past 10 years, the treatment that follows the induction of remission has intensified progressively, with encouraging results. For example, when performed during the first remission, . . .
Differential Pacing for Distinguishing Block From Persistent Conduction Through an Ablation Line
Authors: Dipen Shah, Michel Haïssaguerre, Atsushi Takahashi, Pierre Jaïs, Mélèze Hocini, Jacques Clémenty
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Because complete linear conduction block is necessary to minimize the recurrence of reentrant tachycardias such as typical atrial flutter, we investigated a simple technique to recognize a persistent gap or complete linear block.We prospectively evaluated cavotricuspid isthmus conduction in 50 patients (age 63+/-8 years, 43 men) after radiofrequency ablation. The distal and proximal bipoles of a quadripolar catheter placed close to the ablation line were successively stimulated during recording from the ablation line. We hypothesized that because the initial and terminal components of local potentials reflected activation at the ipsilateral and contralateral borders of the ablation lesion, a change to a more proximal pacing site without moving the catheter would prolong the stimulus to the initial component timing, whereas the response of the terminal component would depend on the presence of block or persistent conduction. A shortening or no change in timing of the terminal component would indicate block, whereas lengthening would indicate persistent gap conduction. The results were compared with previously described criteria for isthmus block. Ninety-two sites were assessed: 17 before and 75 after the achievement of complete isthmus block. The timing of the initial component was delayed by 19+/-9 ms, and the terminal component was advanced by 13+/-8 ms after block and delayed by 12+/-9 ms in case of persisting conduction. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for linear block were 100%, 75%, 94%, and 100%, respectively.An accurate assessment of isthmus block or persistent isthmus conduction is possible with this technique of differential pacing.
International Results with the Boston Type I Keratoprosthesis
Authors: Anthony J. Aldave, Virender S. Sangwan, Sayan Basu, Samar K. Basak, Anna Hovakimyan, Ofelya Gevorgyan, Soliman Al Kharashi, Mohanna Al Jindan, Radhika Tandon, Jeena Mascarenhas, Boris Malyugin, Ma. Dominga B. Padilla, Quresh Maskati, Nisheeta Agarwala, Johan Hutauruk, Manoj Sharma, Fei Yu
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)
Looking for the Cause of AIDS
Authors: Dorothea Zucker-Franklin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

When electron microscopy was a young discipline, excitement over newly discovered structures was universal. Descriptive names could not be coined fast enough. Many of them were cumbersome, aiming to be accurate and biochemically noncommittal. Questions of artifact were a constant challenge. Part of the legacy of that era are such terms as "ribosome-lamella complexes," "parallel tubular arrays," "annulate lamellae," "multivesicular bodies," and "tubuloreticular structures," to mention only a few that are relevant to human lymphocytes. These terms have withstood both the test of time and improvements in preparatory techniques. Some of them have taken on more meaning since their introduction. . . .
Fetal and Infant Origins of Adult Disease.
Authors: M. ARTMAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Fetal and Infant Origins of Adult Disease. Get access MICHAEL ARTMAN MICHAEL ARTMAN Mobile, Alabama, USA Research, teaching Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 6, June 1993, Page 1137, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.6.1137a Published: 01 June 1993
Oxfam accuses Pfizer of "moral bankruptcy"
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Pfizer, the world's largest pharmaceutical company, is being accused of moral bankruptcy by pricing lifesaving drugs beyond the reach of millions of people in developing countries.

The charge comes from the United Kingdom based charity, Oxfam, which is campaigning to end the company's single pricing policy and is pressing for more flexible use of patent rules.

In a new report released simultaneously in eight countries, Oxfam has claimed that the company has aggressively …
Exercise Interventions and Glycemic Control in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Marni J. Armstrong
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 744: PEDF silencing a novel mechanism of antihormone resistance in breast cancer
Authors: Joan S. Lewis-Wambi, Min Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Despite the benefits of endocrine therapies in treating estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive breast cancer, many tumors eventually become resistant. Identifying the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for endocrine resistance remains a critical and immediate need. Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is a multifunctional protein released by adipocytes and increased in metabolic syndrome and insulin-resistance. Moreover, PEDF belongs to the serine protease inhibitor family but does not inhibit proteases. It is a potent endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis and a promising agent for diabetic retinopathy and potentially cancer. Previous studies have shown that PEDF expression is significantly reduced in breast cancer cells (compared to normal breast epithelium) and its reduction is associated with disease differentiation (lowest levels in poorly differentiated tumors), disease progression and poor patient outcome, however, it is not known whether PEDF plays a role in endocrine resistance. In the present study, we evaluated PEDF expression in endocrine-sensitive MCF-7, T47D, and ZR-75-1 breast cancer cells versus endocrine resistant MCF-7:5C, MCF-7:2A, and BT474 cells and found that PEDF mRNA and protein levels were dramatically reduced in the latter group of cells. In addition, tissue microarray analysis of primary tumors from patients (N=66) who subsequently developed invasive recurrence after adjuvant tamoxifen treatment revealed that expression of PEDF protein was reduced by 45% and loss of PEDF was associated with enhanced expression of phosphoSer167ERα and the receptor tyrosine kinase RET (Rearranged during Transfection). Importantly, we found that silencing endogenous PEDF in tamoxifen-sensitive MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cells abolished their sensitivity to the inhibitory effects of tamoxifen whereas reexpression of PEDF in endocrine resistant MCF-7:5C and MCF-7:2A cells restored their sensitivity to tamoxifen and raloxifene. Furthermore, we found that reexpression of PEDF in endocrine-resistant cells significantly reduced the levels of RET, cyclin D1 and phospho-AKT, in these cells. Together, these findings suggest that PEDF silencing might be a novel mechanism for the development of endocrine resistance in breast cancer and that PEDF expression could be used as a predictive marker of endocrine sensitivity. Furthermore, these findings suggest that recombinant PEDF might be beneficial in treating patients with antihormone resistant disease with potential application in ER-negative disease. This work was supported by the NIH Career Development Grant K01CA120051 01A2 and the Hollenbach Family Fund (JLW). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 744. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-744
Human herpesvirus type 8 and Epstein?Barr virus-associated cutaneous lymphoma taking anaplastic large cell morphology in a man with HIV infection
Authors: None Nakamura, None Katano, None Hoshino, None Nakamura, None Hosono, None Masunaga, None Mori, None Iwamoto, None Tamaki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Journal Article Human herpesvirus type 8 and Epstein–Barr virus‐associated cutaneous lymphoma taking anaplastic large cell morphology in a man with HIV infection Get access K. Nakamura, K. Nakamura Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo, 7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo 113‐0033, Japan, Nakamura E‐mail: makamura‐der@h.u‐tokyo.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Katano, H. Katano Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Hoshino, Y. Hoshino Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Nakamura, T. Nakamura Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar O. Hosono, O. Hosono Department of Clinical Immunology and AIDS Research Centre, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Masunaga, A. Masunaga Department of Laboratory of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Mori, S. Mori Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Iwamoto, A. Iwamoto Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Tamaki K. Tamaki Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo, 7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku, Tokyo 113‐0033, Japan, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 141, Issue 1, 1 July 1999, Pages 141–145, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02936.x Published: 01 July 1999
Police investigate hospital deaths after contamination of saline solution
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Police are investigating the deaths of three patients at Stepping Hill hospital in Stockport, Greater Manchester, after saline solution was found to be deliberately contaminated with insulin.

A nurse at the hospital contacted the police on 12 July after she noticed abnormally high numbers of patients on her ward with low blood sugar concentrations and discovered that ampoules of saline solution had been tampered with.

Police …
Exostoses of the External Auditory Meatus
Authors: A. Miller
Journal: BMJ (1937)

Exostoses* of the auditory meatus are due either to partial hyperplasia during the stages of development and cssifi- cation or to chronic suppuration of the middle ear, which causes a periostitis, with subsequent new bone formation.Some rare cases are caused by syphilis, trauma, or the irritation of prolonged and frequent immersion in salt water.Exostoses are often bilateral and multiple, usually sessile, and of slow growth; they never become malignant, and are said to occur more often in men than in women.They are found anywhere in the bony meatus, and appear as rounded elevated masses with tense and
Exchange Transfusion with Dextran 40 in Polycythaemia Secondary to Hypoxic Lung Disease
Authors: B. D. W. Harrison, R. J. Gregory, T. J. H. Clark, G. W. Scott
Journal: BMJ (1971)

In eight patients with polycythaemia secondary to hypoxic lung disease 10 elective exchange transfusions were performed to reduce red cell mass, packed cell volume (P.C.V.), and whole blood viscosity. The rationale for reducing P.C.V. is discussed. It is concluded that patients with P.C.V. of 60% or over will benefit from exchange transfusion and that most patients with P.C.V. over 50% and true polycythaemia will also benefit. We also confirm that the technique of exchange transfusion is a rapid, safe, and effective method of achieving large venesections and reducing red cell mass.
DISEASES OF NERVES REQUIRING SURGICAL TREATMENT.
Authors: J. HERBERT AUSTIN
Journal: JAMA (1898)

I appear before you, gentlemen, not as a neurologist but as a general surgeon. No specialty is entirely isolated. The work of any of us should interest us more or less. The best specialist is he who is well posted on subjects besides those in his own particular line of work. The nervous system is the most wonderful system in the human body, connecting together, as it does, in some mysterious manner the mental and the physical. It has complete control of the physical, governing all our movements, both voluntary and involuntary. It depends largely upon the site of the lesion in the nervous system as to how grave will be the damage resulting. If in a terminal nerve, such as the ulnar, the parts supplied by it are rendered powerless and motionless; while an injury of the cervical region of the spinal cord reduces the body in an instant
The Kinetic Properties of Switch Antimetabolites
Authors: R. C. Jackson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Maintaining homeostasis is the biological function of negative feedback, a process that plays a well-understood role in the biochemistry of antimetabolite drugs. An equally important property of living systems--the ability to respond to external stimuli by switching rapidly from one state to another--is mediated by positive feedback. Kinetic analysis of multi-enzyme biochemical pathways has shown that pathways containing positive feedback coupled with negative feedback may act as biochemical switching systems in which multiple steady states are possible.A computer model was used to study the kinetic effects of antimetabolites that inhibit biochemical pathways at positive feedback sites and to determine whether the kinetics of such systems differed from those of classical antimetabolites.Kinetics were simulated by microcomputer to model the effects of inhibitors on a simplified metabolic pathway.Antimetabolite drugs that act at positive feedback sites are predicted to display highly nonclassical properties. Three nonclassical properties are kinetically possible. First, the drugs may switch off the pathway at substoichiometric concentrations; classical antimetabolites require stoichiometric levels and sometimes much more. Second, instead of demonstrating classical continuous inhibition, antimetabolite drugs that act at positive feedback sites may give "all-or-none" dose-response curves with discontinuity at a specific value. Inhibitor concentrations below this value would have no overall effect on the system, while inhibitor concentrations at or above this value would give an abrupt transition to an inhibited steady state. Third, the inhibited system may show hysteresis and remain switched off after the inhibitor is removed.These findings suggest that antimetabolites acting at switch points could have kinetic properties very different from those of classical antimetabolites and could provide a noncytotoxic method of switching off pathways in neoplastic cells, perhaps leading to cell stasis.Experimental validation of these conclusions will require identification of the positive feedback sites of metabolic and signaling pathways and exploration of the effects of inhibitors of these sites. The properties of "switch antimetabolites" should prompt a search for new kinds of targets for drug design.