tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE NATIONAL IMPORTANCE OF THE THOROUGH AND SYSTEMATIC REMOVAL OF ADENOIDS IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: G. C. Wilkin
Journal: BMJ (1905)

been mentioned, and, as a general rule, the prognosis is more grave, especially when each of the combined diseases tends to cause lesions of the same parts-as tonsils, lungs, or kid- neys.This is, after all, only what would naturally be expected ; neither is it surprising that some of the infectious diseases favour the occurrence of others.Thus scarlet fever favours the onset of diphtheria owing to the faucial condition being favourable for the growth of the diphtheria bacilli, while the converse also holds good, that the diphtheritic patient is unduly susceptible to an attack -of scarlet fever.Scarlet fever and enteric are rarely seen together, a fact which was noted by Murchison.In his day the two diseases were treated in the same wards, and yet in twenty-three years he only came across 8 cases in which these two diseases were coexistent.The relation of whooping-cough to measles is well known.When scarlet fever develops during the course of whooping-cough, the characteristic whoop of the disease is lost during the fever, to return again when the temperature becomes normal.The relation of chorea to rheumatism is now on a very much more satisfactory basis than it was a few years ago, before the micrococcus of the disease was described, and they can hardly be spoken of as two diseases.But I remember seeing a very striking transition of one to the other.The patient was a young adult, who was suffering from such severe chorea that, after many methods had been tried in vain to control her movements, she was subse- quently wrapped round with a damp sheet.Very shortly afterwards the choreic movements almost entirely ceased, though simultaneously she developed an acute attack of rheumatic fever.
Lichen sclerosus is frequently present in penile squamous cell carcinomas but is not always associated with oncogenic human papillomavirus
Authors: G. Perceau, C. Derancourt, C. Clavel, A. Durlach, M. Pluot, B. Lardennois, P. Bernard
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) may occur on pre-existing lesions of lichen sclerosus (LS). However, the prevalence of histological changes of LS in penile SCC is not well established. Moreover, mucosal oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are sometimes detected in penile SCC, but have not been systematically sought in LS-associated penile SCC.To establish the prevalence of LS histological changes and of mucosal oncogenic HPV in a series of patients with penile SCC.Consecutive cases of histologically proven penile SCC from a single university hospital over a 14-year period were retrospectively selected and reviewed. Histological signs of LS were systematically sought. HPV was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of DNA from paraffin-embedded skin samples using general primers GP5+/GP6+ (allowing detection of mucosal HPV) and oncogenic type 16-, 18-, 31- and 33-specific primers.Eighteen cases of penile SCC were found. The mean +/- SD age of patients at diagnosis was 67.3 (14.5 years). In eight of 18 (44%) cases, SCC was associated with histological features of LS. Seventeen skin biopsy specimens of SCC (nine without and eight with LS histology) were subjected to PCR amplification for HPV. Mucosal HPV was detected in six of them (35%). Five of nine SCCs without histological features of LS were positive for mucosal HPV: three with HPV type 16 and two with only general primers. In contrast, all eight SCCs associated with LS were negative for oncogenic HPV types, although one was positive with general primers.Penile SCC seems to be frequently associated with LS histological changes. As with vulval SCC, we found that non-LS-associated penile SCC tended to be frequently associated with oncogenic HPV infection, whereas LS-associated penile SCC was not. Larger series are needed to confirm this association.
Cognitive behaviour therapy for the chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: M. Sharpe, K. Hawton, S. Simkin, C. Surawy, A. Hackmann, I. Klimes, T. Peto, D. Warrell, V. Seagroatt
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To evaluate the acceptability and efficacy of adding cognitive behaviour therapy to the medical care of patients presenting with the chronic fatigue syndrome. <b>Design</b>: Randomised controlled trial with final assessment at 12 months. <b>Setting</b>: An infectious diseases outpatient clinic. <b>Subjects</b>: 60 consecutively referred patients meeting consensus criteria for the chronic fatigue syndrome. <b>Interventions</b>: Medical care comprised assessment, advice, and follow up in general practice. Patients who received cognitive behaviour therapy were offered 16 individual weekly sessions in addition to their medical care. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: The proportions of patients (a) who achieved normal daily functioning (Karnofsky score 80 or more) and (b) who achieved a clinically significant improvement in functioning (change in Karnofsky score 10 points or more) by 12 months after randomisation. <b>Results</b>: Only two eligible patients refused to participate. All randomised patients completed treatment. An intention to treat analysis showed that 73% (22/30) of recipients of cognitive behaviour therapy achieved a satisfactory outcome as compared with 27% (8/30) of patients who were given only medical care (difference 47 percentage points; 95% confidence interval 24 to 69). Similar differences were observed in subsidiary outcome measures. The improvement in disability among patients given cognitive behaviour therapy continued after completion of therapy. Illness beliefs and coping behaviour previously associated with a poor outcome changed more with cognitive behaviour therapy than with medical care alone. <b>Conclusion</b>: Adding cognitive behaviour therapy to the medical care of patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome is acceptable to patients and leads to a sustained reduction in functional impairment. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages There is no generally accepted form of treatment New findings show that patients referred to hospital for the chronic fatigue syndrome have a better outcome if they are given a course of cognitive behaviour therapy than if they receive only basic medical care Clinical improvement with cognitive behaviour therapy may be slow but often continues after treatment has ended Cognitive behaviour therapy should be considered as an option for patients presenting with the chronic fatigue syndrome
Is Universal Pediatric Lipid Screening Justified?
Authors: Matthew W. Gillman, Stephen R. Daniels
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Introduction to the Discussion on Doctor/Patient Relationship
Authors: J.C. Nemiah
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1970)

Central to the doctor/patient relationship is its emphasis on the experiential aspect of the individual human being–an emphasis that is in danger of being lost between current enthusiasm for the biological and sociological dimensions of behavior. The study of the nature of transference phenomena is important for the understanding of the doctor/patient relationship and should include attention to the distinction between the transference and the transference neurosis. It should also be recognized that some patients with psychosomatic disease do not tolerate the intensity of the doctor/patient relationship; in such cases group therapy may be preferable to individual, one-to-one therapy. Finally, role-playing by students is a useful way of learning about the doctor/patient relationship but cannot take the place of experience with real patients as a didactic tool.
HBeAg and hepatitis B virus DNA as outcome predictors during therapy with peginterferon alfa-2a for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Michael W. Fried, Teerha Piratvisuth, George K. K. Lau, Patrick Marcellin, Wan-Cheng Chow, Graham Cooksley, Kang-Xian Luo, Seung Woon Paik, Yun-Fan Liaw, Peter Button, Matei Popescu
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

The aims of this study were to evaluate the usefulness of quantitative hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) values for predicting HBeAg seroconversion in patients treated with peginterferon alfa-2a and to assess the dynamic changes in quantitative HBeAg during therapy, compared with conventional measures of serum hepatitis B virus DNA. Data were analyzed from a large, randomized, multinational phase III registration trial involving 271 HBV-infected HBeAg-positive patients who received peginterferon alfa-2a plus oral placebo for 48 weeks. HBeAg levels were measured serially during therapy using a microparticle enzyme immunoassay validated with in-house reference standards obtained from the Paul Ehrlich Institute (PEIU/mL). In patients who achieved HBeAg seroconversion, levels of HBeAg consistently decreased during treatment and remained at their lowest level during the 24 weeks of posttreatment follow-up. After 24 weeks of treatment, 4% of patients with the highest levels of HBeAg (≥100 PEIU/mL) achieved HBeAg seroconversion, yielding a negative predictive value of 96%, which was greater than that obtained for levels of HBV DNA (86%). Late responders to peginterferon alfa-2a could also be differentiated from nonresponders by continued decrease in HBeAg values, which were not evident by changes in HBV DNA. Conclusion: These analyses suggest quantitative HBeAg is a useful adjunctive measurement for predicting HBeAg seroconversion in patients treated with peginterferon when considering both sensitivity and specificity compared with serum HBV DNA. (Hepatology 2008;47:428–434.)
Autocorrelation of Electrocardiographic Activity during Ventricular Fibrillation
Authors: E. T. ANGELAKOS, G. M. SHEPHERD
Journal: Circulation Research (1957)

Mathematical analysis of periodic and semiperiodic functions by the use of special electronic computers was applied to electrocardiographic recordings of ventricular fibrillation from hypothermic dogs. Preliminary experiments revealed a definite periodic component 1 to 3 min. after onset of fibrillation which practically disappeared in 5 min.
Abstract 509: RNF115/BCA2 E3 ubiquitin ligase promotes breast cancer cell proliferation through targeting p21Waf1/Cip1 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation .
Authors: Zehua Wang, Arun Seth, Ceshi Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The E3 ubiquitin ligase Ring Finger Protein 115 (RNF115), also known as Breast Cancer Associated gene 2 (BCA2), has previously been reported to be overexpressed in estrogen receptor (ERα) positive breast tumors and to promote breast cell proliferation; however, the mechanism is unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that silencing of BCA2 by siRNA in two ERα-positive breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and T47D decreases cell proliferation and increases the protein levels of the cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitor p21Waf/Cip1. The protein stability of p21 was negatively regulated by BCA2. BCA2 directly interacts with p21 and promotes p21 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Knockdown of p21 partially rescues the cell growth arrest induced by the BCA2 siRNA. These results suggest that BCA2 promotes ERα-positive breast cancer cell proliferation at least partially through down-regulating the expression of p21. This study was supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China (81072162, 81120108019, and U1132605) . Citation Format: Zehua Wang, Arun Seth, Ceshi Chen. RNF115/BCA2 E3 ubiquitin ligase promotes breast cancer cell proliferation through targeting p21Waf1/Cip1 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 509. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-509
Estimation of Skeletal Involvement in Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: IGNAC FOGELMAN, RODNEY G. BESSENT, GRAHAM BEASTALL, IAIN T. BOYLE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

The 24-h whole-body retention of technetium-99m diphosphonate was elevated in 16 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (mean whole body retention, 50.6%, compared to controls, 19.4%), with each result out of the control range. There was a rank correlation between whole-body retention and plasma parathyroid hormone (r = 0.86, P < 0.001) but the correlation with serum alkaline phosphatase and calcium values was less significant (r = 0.58, P < 0.05 in each case). Repeat studies of whole body retention performed in five patients before and after parathyroidectomy showed a fall to normal or near normal values. Measurement of 24-h whole-body retention of diphosphonate is a simple, sensitive test to aid in the diagnosis and evaluation of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. The test could be used as a screening procedure in patients with recurrent renal stones, for example, or to assess the extent of skeletal involvement in patients with an established diagnosis.
QTL mapping in rice
Authors: Susan R. McCough, Rebecca W. Doerge
Journal: Trends in Genetics (1995)

In the past 10 years, interest in applying the tools of molecular genetics to the problem of increasing world rice production has resulted in the generation of two highly saturated, molecular linkage maps of rice, and the localization of numerous genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Primary studies have identified QTLs associated with disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance and yield potential of rice in a range of ecosystems. The ability to identify, manipulate and potentially clone individual genes involved in quantitatively inherited characters, combined with the demonstrated conservation of numerous linkage blocks among members of the grass family, emphasizes the contribution of map-based genetic analyses both to applied and to basic crop research.
Rumpel-Leede Sign Associated With a Noninvasive Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitor
Authors: Harvey L. Eichner
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a letter reporting a petechial rash as a complication of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, Dr White<sup>1</sup>noted that the 65-year-old patient had diabetes but no apparent peripheral vascular disease or bleeding or clotting disorder. He felt that the patient may have had increased capillary fragility as a result of age and possibly also due to the diabetes, which could increase the risk of capillary hemorrhages from the blood pressure cuff. In a study of capillary fragility in diabetes,<sup>2</sup>we found that 68% of 72 diabetic patients had a positive Rumpel-Leede phenomenon but this occurred in only 35% of age- and sex-matched nondiabetic controls. The presence of abnormal capillary fragility correlated with duration of diabetes and presence of diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. The incidence of positive tourniquet test results was 100% after 20 years of diabetes. Since prolonged application of a sphygmomanometer cuff can
Differential expression of exons 1a and 1c in mRNAs for sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 in human and mouse organs and cultured cells.
Authors: I Shimomura, H Shimano, J D Horton, J L Goldstein, M S Brown
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

The 5' end of the mRNA-encoding sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) exists in two forms, designated 1a and 1c. The divergence results from the use of two transcription start sites that produce two separate 5' exons, each of which is spliced to a common exon 2. Here we show that the ratio of SREBP-1c to 1a transcripts varies markedly among organs of the adult mouse. At one extreme is the liver, in which the 1c transcript predominates by a 9:1 ratio. High 1c:1a ratios are also found in mouse adrenal gland and adipose tissue and in human liver and adrenal gland. At the other extreme is the spleen, which shows a reversed 1c:1a ratio (1:10). In five different lines of cultured cells, including the HepG2 line derived from human hepatocytes, the 1a transcript predominated (1c:1a ratio < 1:2). In mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, the 1a transcript was present, but the 1c transcript was not detectable. When these cells were differentiated into adipocytes by hormone treatment in culture, the amount of 1a transcript rose markedly (8.2-fold), and the 1c transcript remained virtually undetectable. We conclude that the SREBP-1a and 1c transcripts are controlled independently by regulatory regions that respond differentially to organ-specific and metabolic factors.
The Transcription Factor GATA3 Is Critical for the Development of All IL-7Rα-Expressing Innate Lymphoid Cells
Authors: Ryoji Yagi, Chao Zhong, Daniel L. Northrup, Fang Yu, Nicolas Bouladoux, Sean Spencer, Gangqing Hu, Luke Barron, Suveena Sharma, Toshinori Nakayama, Yasmine Belkaid, Keji Zhao, Jinfang Zhu
Journal: Immunity (2014)
Treatment of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus including Nephritis with Chlorambucil
Authors: M. L. Snaith, J. M. Holt, D. O. Oliver, M. S. Dunnill, W. Halley, A. C. Stephenson
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Six female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (S.L.E.) have been treated with chlorambucil. In five the decision was taken after failure by corticosteroids to control progressive renal disease in the face of unacceptable corticosteroid toxicity. After the introduction of chlorambucil renal function improved and all patients remain well six, six, five, three, and two-and-a-half years later, respectively. On renal biopsy five had focal proliferative glomerulonephritis. Repeat biopsy in two cases showed quantitative improvement. The sixth patient was treated with chlorambucil because of failure by corticosteroids to control peripheral vascular lesions and haemolysis and she remains well four years later. In four patients is it probable that amenorrhoea was related to chlorambucil treatment, but there were no other important side effects although one patient developed a degree of marrow depression during treatment. Chlorambucil may hold advantages over the immunosuppressive drugs normally recommended in this condition, azathioprine and cyclophosphamide, as it appears less liable to cause important marrow suppression and, unlike cyclophosphamide is not associated with alopecia and haemorrhagic cystitis.
James Scott Robson
Authors: A. Doig, A. Lambie, R. Winney
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Clinician who ended hepatitis epidemics in dialysis units

In 1958 dialysis was beginning to be used in the treatment of acute renal failure, and James Scott Robson and his surgical colleague Hugh Dudley were asked to organise an acute renal failure service at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh. The service, one of the first in the United Kingdom, started in 1959 and needed unprecedented collaboration among the medical, nursing, and laboratory services. Robson died recently aged 88.

The service resulted in an immediate 50% reduction in deaths from acute renal failure and paved the way for the first successful kidney transplantation in the UK, which was performed in 1960 by Michael Woodruff. Initially, transplantation was carried out in the Royal Infirmary, and Robson played an important part in the care of the patients before and after operation.

In 1964 chronic intermittent dialysis for patients with end stage renal failure was established in Edinburgh by Robson at about the same time as similar programmes in other centres in the UK. Between 1969 and 1971 an outbreak of viral hepatitis in the unit resulted in several deaths among patients and staff. …
Genes Versus Environment: The relationship between dietary fat and total and central abdominal fat
Authors: Katherine Samaras, Paul J Kelly, Mathias N Chiano, Nigel Arden, Timothy D Spector, Lesley V Campbell
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE The influence of diet on body fat has not been quantified independently of genetic influences, although both are held to contribute to regulation of body fat stores. This study examined 1) the relationship between recent diet and total body and central abdominal fat inmiddle-aged female twins independent of genetic and important environmental factors and 2) evidence of interaction between diet and genetic predisposition RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Measurements in 436 healthy female twins (aged 58 ± 10 years) included dietary intake by food frequency questionnaire (validated against a 7-day food diary, n = 162), BM1, total body and central abdominal fat by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and environmental covariates (smoking habit, hormone replacement, and physical activity) by standardized questionnaire. Dietary energy underreporters were excluded. RESULTS Intake of dietary fat (total and subtype) and carbohydrates was not related to BM1 or to total or central fat, confirmed in quintile analysis. With genetic and environmental factors controlled in 90 monozygotic pairs, differences in the intake of energy, fat, or protein were not related to intrapair differences in total and central body fat. However, a minor inverse relationship between carbohydrate intake and total adiposity was confirmed (r = −0.25, P = 0.02). In paired analyses, the twin with the higher intake of total sugars had significantly lower total body and central abdominal adiposity. There was no evidence of a gene-environment interaction between intake of fat or carbohydrates contributing to greater body fat mass in subjects genetically predisposed to obesity. CONCLUSIONS Using validated dietary measures and direct measures of body fat and excluding underreporters, no relationship between dietary fat and body fat was found in middle-aged women, particularly after controlling for genetic and some environmental factors. The role of dietary factors in determining total body and central abdominal fat appears to have been overestimated in past cross-sectional studies
Diabetes mellitus and prostatic hyperplasia.
Authors: J. B. Bourke, J. P. Griffin
Journal: BMJ (1968)

limiting screening to women over 35 years, but as there has not been an overwhelming demand for the interpretation of smears these days are past.Incidentally in our area, where the incidence of cervical cancer is falling,' there have been no fewer than five women with overt clinical cervical cancer in the past two years who were multiparous and under 30 years of age.-I am, etc.,