tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immune pressure selects for Plasmodium falciparum parasites presenting distinct red blood cell surface antigens and inducing strain-specific protection in Saimiri sciureus monkeys.
Authors: T Fandeur, C Le Scanf, B Bonnemains, C Slomianny, O Mercereau-Puijalon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

The passive transfer of specific antibodies to a naive splenectomized Saimiri sciureus monkey infected with the Palo Alto FUP/SP strain of Plasmodium falciparum resulted in the emergence of parasites resistant to the transferred antibodies. Molecular typing indicated that the original and resistant parasites were isogenic. Saimiri monkeys primed with original parasites were fully susceptible to a challenge by the resistant ones, and vice versa. This absence of crossprotection indicates that strain-specific determinants would be the major targets of protective immunity developed in these monkeys. Phenotypic analysis showed that the surface of the infected red blood cells differed in both lines. Original parasites formed rosettes, autoagglutinated, presented characteristic knobs at the surface of the infected red blood cell, and did not agglutinate in the presence of a pool of human immune sera. In contrast, the resistant parasites did not form rosettes, did not spontaneously autoagglutinate, presented abnormal flattened knobs, and formed large aggregates in the presence of a pool of human immune sera. The presence of strain-specific determinants at the surface of the resistant parasites was confirmed by surface immunofluorescence and agglutination using homologous Saimiri serum. Neither the original nor the resistant parasites cytoadhered to an amelanotic melanoma cell line, suggesting that cytoadherence and agglutination can be dissociated. These results indicate that parasites that differ by the antigens exposed at the surface of the red blood cell induce strain-specific immunity. Furthermore they show that rosetting and nonrosetting parasites differ in their antigenic properties and do not crossprotect.
Abstract 2803: GSK3 plays a crucial role in determining cell response to mTOR inhibitors
Authors: Junghui Koo, Ping Yue, Hui Tao, Suresh S. Ramalingam, Fadlo R. Khuri, Shi-Yong Sun
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) exerts a critical role in the regulation of cell growth and cell survival, primarily through forming two complexes with raptor (mTOR complex 1; mTORC1) or rictor (mTOR complex 2; mTORC2). The mTOR axis is dysregulated in many types of human cancers, thus becoming an attractive cancer therapeutic target. Accordingly, mTOR inhibitors including the conventional allosteric inhibitors (rapamycin and its analogs; rapalogs) and novel mTOR kinase inhibitors (e.g., INK128) have been developed. However, single-agent activity of these inhibitors in the majority of cancer types is limited or modest at best. Thus, it is crucial to identify determinants that impact cell response to mTOR-targeted cancer therapy. In this study, we found that inhibition of GSK3 with both a small molecule inhibitor (e.g., SB216765) and gene knockdown substantially antagonized the suppressive effects of mTOR inhibitors (e.g., rapamycin and INK128) on the growth of cancer cells, including G1 arrest. In agreement, activation of GSK3 by expressing a constitutively activated form of GSK3[[Unsupported Character - Symbol Font &amp;#61538;]] sensitized cells to mTOR inhibitors. Moreover, higher basal levels of GSK3 activity from 14 lung cancer cell lines were significantly associated with better cell responses to both rapamycin and INK128 (P &amp;lt; 0.05). These data together indicate that GSK3 plays a critical role in determining cell response to mTOR inhibitors. Interestingly, GSK3 inhibition did not alter the effects of mTOR inhibitors on suppression of mTOR signaling and cap-dependent translation, but rescued downregulation of cyclin D1 and c-Myc caused by mTOR inhibitors, suggesting that mTOR inhibitors decrease cyclin D1 and c-Myc levels independent of inhibition of mTOR-mediated protein translation. Instead, we found that inhibition of mTOR (e.g., by INK128) decreased the stabilities of both cyclin D1 and c-Myc. Moreover, inhibition of proteasome (e.g., with MG132) prevented cyclin D1 and c-Myc reduction by INK128. Hence it is apparent that mTOR inhibition facilitates cyclin D1 and c-Myc degradation, leading to reduction of cyclin D1 and c-Myc. Together, these findings suggest a novel mechanism by which mTOR signaling positively regulates the stability of cyclin D1 and c-Myc. Our current findings thus warrant further investigation of the potential impact of GSK3 inhibition on the efficacy of mTOR inhibitors in the clinic. (This study was supported by the Georgia Cancer Coalition Distinguished Cancer Scholar award and NIH/NCI R01 CA118450. SS Ramalingam, FR Khuri and SY Sun are Georgia Cancer Coalition Distinguished Cancer Scholars) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2803. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2803
Delayed Acquisition and Hyperglycemia Improve Brain Metastasis Detection on F-18 FDG PET
Authors: Karim Farid, Igor Sibon, Philippe Fernandez, Martine Guyot, Roseline Jeandot, Michele Allard
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

A 60-year-old man with a history of lung cancer was admitted for a first partial epileptic seizure. Brain MRI demonstrated a right frontal lesion evoking a metastasis. F-18 FDG-PET-CT revealed this lesion only on delayed images obtained after oral hyperglycemia. Increased plasma glucose levels and delayed image acquisition both, independently, increased the F-18 FDG-PET tumor-to-cortex binding ratio and have been shown to improve the detection of primary brain tumor recurrences. This single case illustrates that delayed acquisition combined with hyperglycemia might improve the sensitivity of F-18 FDG-PET imaging in the detection of brain metastases. Further studies are needed to confirm this result.
Effects of endotoxic shock on right ventricular systolic function and mechanical efficiency
Authors: B LAMBERMONT, A GHUYSEN, P KOLH, V TCHANASATO, P SEGERS, P GERARD, P MORIMONT, D MAGIS, J DOGNE, B MASEREEL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objective: To investigate the effects of endotoxin infusion on right ventricular (RV) systolic function and mechanical efficiency. Methods: Six anesthetized pigs (Endo group) received a 0.5 mg/kg endotoxin infusion over 30 min and were compared with six other anesthetized pigs (Control group) receiving placebo for 5 h. RV pressure–volume (PV) loops were obtained by the conductance catheter technique and pulmonary artery flow and pressure were measured with high-fidelity transducers. Results: RV adaptation to increased afterload during the early phase of endotoxin-induced pulmonary hypertension (T30) was obtained by both homeometric and hetereometric regulations: the slope of the end-systolic PV relationship of the right ventricle increased from 1.4±0.2 mmHg/ml to 2.9±0.4 mmHg/ml (P<0.05) and RV end-diastolic volume increased from 56±6 ml to 64±11 ml (P<0.05). Consequently, right ventricular–vascular coupling was maintained at a maximum efficiency. Ninety minutes later (T120), facing the same increased afterload, the right ventricle failed to maintain its contractility to such an elevated level and, as a consequence, right ventricular–vascular uncoupling occurred. PV loop area, which is known to be highly correlated with oxygen myocardial consumption, increased from 1154±127 mmHg/ml (T0) to 1798±122 mmHg/ml (T180) (P<0.05) while RV mechanical efficiency decreased from 63±2% (T0) to 45±5% (T270) (P<0.05). Conclusions: In the very early phase of endotoxinic shock, right ventricular–vascular coupling is preserved by an increase in RV contractility. Later, myocardial oxygen consumption and energetic cost of RV contractility are increased, as evidenced by the decrease in RV efficiency, and right ventricular–vascular uncoupling occurs. Therefore, therapies aiming at restoring right ventricular–vascular coupling in endotoxic shock should attempt to increase RV contractility and to decrease RV afterload but also to preserve RV mechanical efficiency.
The Oxford Handbook of Bioethics
Authors: Mary Anderlik Majumder
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
P227 Development of a preliminary questionnaire for the identification of vocal cord dysfunction
Authors: V. W. Cheng, B. Chesworth, S. Lillie, J. Haines, P. Constantinou, S. J. Fowler
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Vocal cord dysfunction (VCD) is a debilitating condition characterised by paroxysmal episodes of dyspnoea, typically resulting from abnormal adduction of the vocal cords during breathing. Diagnosis is complicated by its self-limiting nature and significant overlap in symptoms with other respiratory conditions such as asthma, and referral for further investigation therefore requires a high index of suspicion from non-specialist physicians. Our aim is to design a questionnaire with a high positive predictive value for VCD, which would hopefully lead to earlier identification and treatment and also reduce the levels of iatrogenic morbidity associated with misdiagnosis. <h3>Methods</h3> 15 subjects with a confirmed diagnosis of VCD were recruited from the outpatient respiratory department. Semi-structured interviews in four focus groups were conducted to capture each sufferer9s subjective experience. Concurrently, two focus groups were held with nine healthcare professionals with specialist and non-specialist interest to gather professional opinion on VCD symptoms. The collated data were used to generate a preliminary questionnaire that was tested for face validity in ten patients and healthcare professionals. <h3>Results</h3> (1) Item generation: symptom profiles varied markedly, however certain characteristics did emerge with commonalities between most of the subjects or within a specific subset of individuals. These were grouped into the following themes—location, onset, sensations, breathing/voice changes, triggers, exacerbating factors and psychosocial impact. 17 items were generated for the preliminary questionnaire and expressed as positive or negative statements. (2) Face validity: general response was positive towards the comprehensibility of the statements and relevance to each subject. Based on user comments the number of items was reduced to twelve, all items were modified to positive statements to improve comprehensibility and a 5-point analogue scale will be used for scoring responses. <h3>Conclusions</h3> A preliminary diagnostic tool has been generated and tested for face validity in patients with VCD. Initial feedback indicates a high relevance of the questionnaire items to the subject. At this stage, modifications have been made to eliminate ambiguity and repetition. We will now test concurrent validity, specificity and test-retest variability of the questionnaire in healthy volunteers, and respiratory patients with and without VCD.
Drug treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism: use of clodronate disodium.
Authors: D L Douglas, J A Kanis, A D Paterson, D J Beard, E C Cameron, M E Watson, S Woodhead, J Williams, R G Russell
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Clodronate disodium (dichloromethylene diphosphonate), a specific inhibitor of bone resorption, was given by mouth (1.0-3.2 g daily) to nine patients with primary hyperparathyroidism for two to 32 weeks so that its clinical and metabolic effects could be evaluated. Bone resorption decreased in all patients as judged by a fall in the fasting urinary calcium to creatinine and hydroxyproline to creatinine ratios. Serum calcium concentration was increased in all patients before treatment and fell in response to treatment to values near the upper end of the normal range. Hypercalcaemia and hypercalciuria recurred when treatment was stopped. In three patients treated for longer than 19 weeks clodronate failed to sustain the reduction in serum calcium concentration but the concentration remained below pretreatment values. These results suggest that clodronate may be of use in the medical management of primary hyperparathyroidism, particularly in patients in whom suppression of bone disease is desirable before surgery or in whom surgery is contraindicated.
The Effect of Positive Selection on a Sexual Reproduction Gene in Thalassiosira weissflogii (Bacillariophyta): Results Obtained from Maximum-Likelihood and Parsimony-Based Methods
Authors: U. Sorhannus
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

Maximum-Likelihood-based and parsimony-based methods were used to test for potential effects of positive selection on the sexually induced gene 1 (Sig1) in Thalassiosira weissflogii. The Sig proteins are thought to play a role in mediating sperm-egg recognition during the sexual reproduction phase. The results obtained from parsimony-based analyses showed that none of the amino acid sites were influenced by positive selection. Maximum-likelihood analyses indicated that positive selection was affecting a maximum of seven and a minimum of four amino acid sites in the polypeptide derived from Sig1. It was concluded that the results obtained from the maximum-likelihood-based method are more reliable than those obtained from the parsimony-based approach. This is apparently the first study that has shown that reproductive proteins in unicellular eukaryotes are influenced by positive selection.
Agents of new variant CJD and BSE are identical
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Two independent studies have confirmed that the new variant form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (nvCJD) is caused by the same prion strain as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle. This makes it highly likely that people who developed nvCJD contracted it by eating meat from cattle with BSE.

In one of the studies Moira Bruce and colleagues from the Institute of Animal Health in Edinburgh injected mice with infectious brain samples from cows, patients with nvCJD, patients with sporadic CJD, …
1182 CHARACTERIZATION OF HCV NS3 PROTEASE VARIANTS FROM PATIENTS ENROLLED IN A 28-DAY PHASE 2A TRIAL OF ACH-1625 DAILY DOSING PLUS PEGIFN-ALPHA 2A/RBV
Authors: J. Fabrycki, D. Patel, G. Yang, Y. Zhao, S. Podos, H. Robison, L. Robarge, E. Olek, M. Deshpande, M. Huang
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Relationship Between Increased Serum Resistin Levels and Coronary Artery Disease and Seriousness
Authors: Ümit Yaşar Sinan, İsmail Polat Canbolat, Onur Baydar, Veysel Oktay, Gürkan İmre, Cüneyt Kocaş, Okay Abacı, Uğur Coşkun, Cem Bostan, Ayşem Kaya, Alev Arat Özkan, Aziz Tevfik Gürmen, Zerrin Yiğit
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Impact of Vascular Adaptation to Chronic Aortic Regurgitation on Left Ventricular Performance
Authors: William H. Devlin, Janet Petrusha, Kerri Briesmiester, Daniel Montgomery, Mark R. Starling
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —This investigation was designed to test the hypothesis that vascular adaptation occurs in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation to maintain left ventricular (LV) performance. Methods and Results —Forty-five patients with chronic aortic regurgitation (mean age 50±14 years) were studied using a micromanometer LV catheter to obtain LV pressures and radionuclide ventriculography to obtain LV volumes during multiple loading conditions and right atrial pacing. These 45 patients were subgrouped according to their LV contractility (E es ) and ejection fraction values. Group I consisted of 24 patients with a normal E es . Group IIa consisted of 10 patients with impaired E es values (E es &lt;1.00 mm Hg/mL) but normal LV ejection fractions; Group IIb consisted of 11 patients with impaired contractility and reduced LV ejection fractions. The left ventricular-arterial coupling ratio, E es /E a, where E a was calculated by dividing the LV end-systolic pressure by LV stroke volume, averaged 1.60±0.91 in Group I. It decreased to 0.91±0.27 in Group IIa ( P &lt;0.05 versus Group I), and it decreased further in Group IIb to 0.43±0.24 ( P &lt;0.001 versus Groups I and IIa). The LV ejection fractions were inversely related to the E a values in both the normal and impaired contractility groups ( r =−0.48, P &lt;0.05 and r =−0.56, P &lt;0.01, respectively), although the slopes of these relationships differed ( P &lt;0.05). The average LV work was maximal in Group IIa when the left ventricular-arterial coupling ratio was near 1.0 because of a significant decrease in total arterial elastance ( P &lt;0.01 versus Group I). In contrast, the decrease in the left ventricular-arterial coupling ratio in Group IIb was caused by an increase in total arterial elastance, effectively double loading the LV, contributing to a decrease in LV pump efficiency ( P &lt;0.01 versus Group IIa and P &lt;0.001 versus Group I). Conclusions —Vascular adaptation may be heterogeneous in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation. In some, total arterial elastance decreases to maximize LV work and maintain LV performance, whereas in others, it increases, thereby double loading the LV, contributing to afterload excess and a deterioration in LV performance that is most prominent in those with impaired contractility.
Postoperative Ulnar Neuropathy
Authors: John F. Aita
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We have recently seen three cases of postoperative left ulnar neuropathy. All of the cases involved compression of the left ulnar nerve at the level of the left ulnar groove-cubital tunnel at the time of cardiac surgery—valve replacement surgery in two cases and coronary artery bypass surgery in one case. The development of this compressive left ulnar neuropathy appears to be related to two factors: position and time. The patients were all supine with an arterial catheter in either the radial or the brachial artery with the extended left upper limb placed in a prone or semiprone position resting on the ulnar groovecubital tunnel and taped in this position to either the patient's side or to an arm board for 13 to 48 hours. Other cases reportedly remain taped in this position for up to 72 hours. Once the left upper limb is freed from this position,
Surgical Complications of Amoebic Dysentery
Authors: H. W. S. Wright
Journal: BMJ (1941)

MEDICAL JTHRNAL 261 and some infiltration at the left mid-zone.Cyst forms of E. histolytica were found in the stool.There was a leucocytosis of 10,200 per c.mm., with a 7% eosinophilia.He was given a course of emetine and carbarsone.and his temperature came down to normal after forty-eight hours.A radiograph taken ten days later showed the lesion on the left side to be cleared, and there was some clearing of the lesion on the right.The course of emetine and carbarsone was repeated, -tnd another radiograph after one month revealed still further clearing of the lesion on the right.At this stage the-white cells numbered 8,700, with a 5% eosinophilia.Stool examination was negative for E. histolytica.This patient is feeling much better; his cough and sputum have greatly decreased, and he is anxious to leave hospital.At the time of writing he is still under treatment, but will be dis- charged as soon as the lesion at the right base has cleared.
Serum total IgE levels in a representative sample of a Greek population
Authors: C. Grigoreas, D. Pappas, I. D. Galatas, G. Kollias, S. Papadimos, P. Papadakis
Journal: Allergy (1993)

The distribution of IgE in a large randomly stratified Greek population sample was determined in 1187 subjects (793 men and 394 women) aged between 20 and 60 years. Skin prick testing was performed and serum total IgE expressed in iu/ml was measured by Phadebas PRIST: the data are presented as the geometric mean. Subjects were classified as atopic (257 men, 118 women) and nonatopic (536 men, 276 women) according to the results of skin testing with various aeroallergens. At any age, atopic males (120.5 vs 38 iu/ml) and females (99.8 vs 29.3 iu/ml) had higher mean IgE levels, as compared to nonatopic subjects ( P &lt;0.0001). In our adult nonatopic sample, IgE levels did not differ with age ( P &gt;0.05). At any age, nonatopic males had higher (38 iu/ml) mean IgE levels than nonatopic females (29.3 iu/ml) ( P &lt;0.05). The comparison of normal IgE values (nonatopic subjects) from this study with those reported by other investigators revealed that Greek adult males and females had higher IgE levels than populations from other nations. Our results represent the first report on reference values regarding serum total IgE in Greek adults.
Perceptual systems: Five+, one, or many?
Authors: Nigel J.T. Thomas
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

The target article's value lies not in its defence of specification, or the "global array" concept, but in its challenge to the paradigm of 5+ senses, and its examples of multiple receptor types cooperatively participating in specific pick-up tasks. Rather than analysing our perceptual endowment into 5+ senses, it is more revealing to type perceptual systems according to task.