tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial
Authors: Marc Hertzman
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We wish to express a slightly discordant view of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT) outlined in<i>JAMA</i>(235:825, 1976). Despite substantial advice to the contrary, the MRFIT has chosen to exclude alcohol use as a factor for consideration in correlation with other variables of high risk for coronary heart disease. This is most unfortunate because (1) relationships between alcohol and coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality are well established, and (2) alcohol use is highly correlated with most of the factors under study, eg, smoking and elevated blood lipid levels.<sup>1</sup> The protocols for the trial are designed specifically to exclude heavy drinkers of alcohol from consideration as subjects. The justification for this is that alcohol abuse may confound the study results. Instead, a calorie conversion factor is being used to take into account the contribution of alcohol to total caloric intake. To our knowledge,
Logic in the Practice of Medicine
Authors: JOHN R. REID
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

Special Article1 August 1963Logic in the Practice of MedicineJOHN R. REID, PH.D.JOHN R. REID, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-59-2-243 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe doctor's job—the complex scientific problems he must deal with and the recurrent issues of life and death he must face—is one that inevitably raises philosophical questions about good and evil, right and wrong, truth and falsity, man and society. For philosophy, as the great masters have always taught and practiced it, is deeply concerned with these ultimate questions of thought and conduct, which all of us recurrently face or neurotically dodge; and nothing in human life is more vital nor in the long run is more important than to know what we intend by our words and acts, why... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JOHN R. REID, PH.D.Affiliations: Baltimore, MarylandPresented at the Forty-fourth Annual Session of the American College of Physicians, April 1-5, 1963, Denver, Colorado.Requests for reprints should be addressed to John R. Reid, Ph.D., The Psychiatric Institute, University Hospital, Baltimore 1, Maryland. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1963Volume 59, Issue 2Page: 243-249 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1963 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Differential Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Sanford A. Franzblau
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The present monograph is filled with useful information boiled down to concise statements. However, because fact and opinion are freely mixed, discrimination is required. This is not the kind of book from which to begin learning about diseases of the heart. For a senior student, intern, or resident, or for the puzzled clinician, it can serve as a useful checklist when considering the possibilities in a given case— like having a wise friend at the bedside, to provide feedback for one's thinking about a problem.  To keep the book small, the authors have purposely omitted diagrams, pictures, tracings, and the like. For similar reasons there is no bibliography. This is regrettable because the readers for whom this book is intended would want to have the authors' opinions on good references for clinical cardiology, electrocardiography, and special diagnostic techniques and tests. A few well-chosen references reflecting the authors' preferences might well
Subcutaneous Sumatriptan in Acute Migraine
Authors: Helle K. Iversen
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> — Cady et al<sup>1</sup>presented a large and well-designed study of an exciting new drug, sumatriptan, for the treatment of migraine attacks. While the data concerning early relief were truly impressive, the authors largely neglected the problem of recurrences of migraine, and they reviewed the existing therapies for migraine in such a negative way as to suggest ignorance or bad judgment. In the sumatriptan group, 20% of patients received rescue medication in the clinic after 2 hours, and 61% received it within 24 hours. In the placebo-treated group, the percentages were 59% at 2 hours and 88% at 24 hours. It is therefore clear from the data presented that more than half of the sumatriptan-treated patients did not feel sufficient relief within 24 hours. Since initial relief was good, this later failure was most likely due to the<i>recurrence of migraine</i>. Initially, successful treatment of migraine
The synthetic peptide WKYMVm attenuates the function of the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 through activation of formyl peptide receptor-like 1
Authors: Bao-Qun Li, Michele A. Wetzel, Judy A. Mikovits, Earl E. Henderson, Thomas J. Rogers, Wanghua Gong, Yingying Le, Francis W. Ruscetti, Ji Ming Wang
Journal: Blood (2001)
Abstract 2266: Investigating the role of the anti-apoptotic protein ARC in breast cancer cell DNA repair
Authors: Eli Grunblatt, Evanka Madan, Sweta Roy, Sumanta Goswami
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract According to the American Cancer Society, more than 90% of breast cancer patients who succumb to the condition die as a result of the cancer metastasizing to other areas of the body. Our lab has previously shown that the presence of a chemoresistant invasive subpopulation of breast carcinoma cells is correlated with the prevalence of metastasis. Additionally, we have hypothesized that chemoresistance and survival of these cancer cells which eventually leads to relapse and metastasis following initial treatment with chemotherapeutic agents is achieved by enhanced DNA repair capability in this population. We reported that an anti-apoptotic protein ARC (apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain) is over expressed in the invasive mammary cancer cells that are resistant to standard chemotherapeutic agents. Further, we have shown that ARC over expressing cells are resistant to chemotherapy both in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we examined cellular DNA repair signaling pathways in order to delineate the role of ARC in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Utilizing cell lines where ARC was either knocked down or overexpressed, we investigated potential correlations of ARC with DNA repair capability by means of the single cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay). The results of these experiments indicated that over expression of ARC leads to increased cellular DNA repair while knocking it down leads to decreased cellular DNA repair. In order to determine the molecular basis of the role of ARC in the DNA repair pathways, we have performed qRT-PCR based gene expression analysis on ARC modified cell lines using techniques previously established in our lab. The results of these experiments indicated that increased levels of ARC are correlated with upregulation of key genes in single stranded DNA repair pathways such as the base excision and nucleotide excision repair pathways. We are working to identify the specific domain of ARC that serves as its effector in the DNA repair pathways. In particular, we are looking at the caspase recruitment domain (CARD) of ARC which is known to be key for ARC`s function in the apoptotic pathways. Once this domain is identified, it may serve as a potential drug target, the silencing of which could result in the disruption of key pathways required for invasive breast cancer cell survival. Such therapy may facilitate the ablation of chemoresistant breast cancer cell populations, prevent metastasis and tumor relapse, and increase long term patient survival. Citation Format: Eli Grunblatt, Evanka Madan, Sweta Roy, Sumanta Goswami. Investigating the role of the anti-apoptotic protein ARC in breast cancer cell DNA repair. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2266. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2266
Malignant Melanoma in Black American and White American Populations
Authors: Douglas S. Reintgen
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Malignant melanoma, a type of cancer that accounts for 1% to 3% of all malignant neoplasms in 20 times more frequent in the American white than black population. During a computer-aided retrospective chart review of more than 2,500 patients with melanoma being followed up at the Duke University Comprehensive Cancer Center, 31 blacks have been identified. Primary lesions of the foot were predominant in blacks with melanoma, and a high percentage of these were classified pathologically as acral lentiginous primary lesions. Black patients had a more advanced stage of disease at first presentation and a more deeply invasive primary lesion than their white counterparts. Five-year survival for the total black population was 23%. Blacks had a significantly worse prognosis than the white population when a comparison with the total group was made that was controlled for sex, age, site of primary lesion, stage of disease at presentation, and Clark level of primary melanoma lesion. This emphasizes the aggressive nature of this disease in the American black.
Altered expression of platelet proteins and calpain activity mediate hypoxia-induced prothrombotic phenotype
Authors: Tarun Tyagi, Shadab Ahmad, Neha Gupta, Anita Sahu, Yasmin Ahmad, Velu Nair, Tathagat Chatterjee, Nitin Bajaj, Shantanu Sengupta, Lilly Ganju, Shashi Bala Singh, Mohammad Z. Ashraf
Journal: Blood (2013)
Reperfusion induced arrhythmias are caused by generation of free radicals
Authors: A. Tosaki, D. K Das
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article Reperfusion induced arrhythmias are caused by generation of free radicals Get access Arpad Tosaki, Arpad Tosaki Cardiovascular Division, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030-1110, USA: A Tosaki, D K Das. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dipak K Das Dipak K Das Cardiovascular Division, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030-1110, USA: A Tosaki, D K Das. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 3, March 1994, Page 422, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.3.422 Published: 01 March 1994
Strategies for the Review of Transfusion Practices
Authors: Leslie E. Silberstein, Margot S. Kruskall, Linda C. Stehling, Marilyn F. M. Johnston, Roanne C. Rutman, Concepcion T. Samia, Glenn Ramsey, Richard S. Eisenstaedt
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The intent of this report is to familiarize health care professionals with the concept of effective quality assurance in regard to blood use. Although evaluation of the appropriateness of transfusion therapy is now required by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Organizations, health care facilities have little experience with this aspect of professional quality assurance. To this end, the Committee on Transfusion Practices of the American Association of Blood Banks, in Arlington, Va, in this report has provided examples of indications and audit criteria for individual blood components and products and commented on areas of controversy surrounding their use. Audit criteria from different institutions may vary because of differences in local interpretation of the indication, different patient populations, and, in some instances, the availability of blood and laboratory services. Several approaches to the review of transfusion practices are discussed in relation to clinical settings and pertaining to particular blood components. It is evident from these examples that there will be an increased need for trained personnel to perform the initial review process as well as for physicians trained in transfusion medicine to oversee the transfusions and provide the necessary consultation.
Letter: Nitrazepam and diazepam.
Authors: S L Jackson
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Bromocriptine and breast cancer SIR,-In the light of recent articles concerning bromocriptine your leading article "Hormone receptors and breast cancer" (10 July, p 67) raises the possibility of the use of this drug to suppress the growth of prolactin-dependent breast tumours since, as you say, "the main peptide hormone implicated in promoting the growth of breast tumours is thought to be prolactin."The theoretical and to some extent sub- stantiated fear of oestrogens and other hormones as carcinogenic agents should, however, perhaps now be extended to include other drugs which interfere with man's delicately balanced endocrine functions-for example, phenothiazines, methyldopa, and even indeed bromocriptine, which is used to suppress puerperal lactation, a physiological state which in itself affords some protection against breast cancer.
Initiation of a Psychiatric Teaching Program for Surgeons
Authors: FRANK BAUDRY, ALFRED WIENER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

A program was set up to instill in surgical residents an awareness of the importance of emotional reactions in surgical patients. In weekly sessions patients were presented and their management discussed; their emotional distress was examined in regard to its manifestations, incidence, and underlying causes. The authors suggest that such a teaching program should aim at a basic change in the surgeon's attitudes toward emotional reactions, particularly anxiety, and thus enable him to manage his patients in a more rational and comprehensive manner.
High-Dose Cisplatin in Hypertonic Saline
Authors: ROBERT F. OZOLS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

To overcome the dose limiting toxicity of cisplatin we have administered high-dose cisplatin (200 mg/m2 body surface area in five divided daily doses with each dose administered in 250 mL of 3% saline) together with extensive hydration (250 mL/h normal saline with 20 meq KCI/L). In 17 previously untreated patients with poor prognosis nonseminomatous testicular cancer, 8 with tumor-associated obstructive uropathy, there was no statistically significant decrease in creatinine clearance or elevation of serum creatinine after three to four cycles of a high-dose cisplatin combination chemotherapy regimen. High-dose cisplatin in combination with vinblastine, bleomycin, and VP-16 produced an 88% complete response rate in these high-risk patients who are characterized primarily by the presence of advanced bulky lung and abdominal disease. Six patients with ovarian cancer who had a relapse after treatment with standard dose cisplatin regimens were treated with high-dose cisplatin and three partial responses were seen. Four patients had no adverse effects on renal function whereas 2 patients had transient elevations in serum creatinine (4 to 5 mg/dL). Hypertonic saline did not provide protection against the nonrenal toxicities of cisplatin.
<i>Lactobacillus reuteri</i>–induced Regulatory T cells Protect against an Allergic Airway Response in Mice
Authors: Khalil Karimi, Mark D. Inman, John Bienenstock, Paul Forsythe
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

We have previously demonstrated that oral treatment with live Lactobacillus reuteri can attenuate major characteristics of the asthmatic response in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain to be determined.We tested the hypothesis that regulatory T cells play a major role in mediating L. reuteri-induced attenuation of the allergic airway response.BALB/c mice were treated daily with L. reuteri by gavage. Flourescent-activated cell sorter analysis was used to determine CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+)T cell populations in spleens following treatment with L. reuteri or vehicle control. Cell proliferation assays were performed on immunomagnetic bead separated CD4(+)CD25(+) and CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells. CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells isolated from, ovalbumin naive, L. reuteri treated mice were transferred into ovalbumin-sensitized mice. Following antigen challenge the airway responsiveness, inflammatory cell influx and cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of recipient mice were assessed.Following 9 days of oral L. reuteri treatment, the percentage and total number of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+)T cells in spleens significantly increased. CD4(+)CD25(+) cells isolated from L. reuteri-fed animals also had greater capacity to suppress T-effector cell proliferation. Adoptive transfer of CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells from L. reuteri-treated mice to ovalbumin-sensitized animals attenuated airway hyper-responsiveness and inflammation in response to subsequent antigen challenge.These results strongly support a role for nonantigen-specific CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells in attenuating the allergic airway response following oral treatment with L. reuteri. This potent immuno-regulatory action may have therapeutic potential in controlling the Th2 bias observed in atopic individuals.
Feasibility of Transvaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery–Assisted Living Donor Nephrectomy: Is Kidney Vaginal Delivery the Approach of the Future?
Authors: Antonio Alcaraz, Mireia Musquera, Lluis Peri, Laura Izquierdo, Eduard García-Cruz, Jorge Huguet, Ricardo Álvarez-Vijande, Josep M. Campistol, Federico Oppenheimer, Maria J. Ribal
Journal: European Urology (2011)
SPONTANEOUS SUBCUTANEOUS RUPTURE OF THE TRACHEA
Authors: J. W. Nixon
Journal: JAMA (1925)

No mention is made of spontaneous subcutaneous rupture of the trachea in any of the standard textbooks on surgery, and a study of the literature discloses the infrequency of the condition. Therefore, this case seems to be of sufficient interest to warrant reporting. M. H., a negress, aged 27, married, while waiting on the table, suddenly experienced a sharp pain in the region of the trachea. She immediately noticed difficulty in breathing, which rapidly grew worse. At the same time, her throat began increasing in size, growing larger with each breath. She was taken to the Robert B. Green Memorial Hospital, where I saw her thirty minutes after the onset of her trouble. On first sight, she appeared to have a large goiter occupying the entire space from the tip of the chin to the manubrium sterni. However, on examination, the tumor was soft and emphysematous, and felt very much
Hypnosis and Relaxation in the Medically Ill
Authors: Nicholas A. Covino, Fred H. Frankel
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1993)

Interest in the application of hypnotic techniques for patients with medical disorders seems to rise and fall over the years. Enthusiasm for this work comes both from patients and clinicians. Often, however, these techniques are offered without regard to the psychological theories that should inform their operation and the limits that clinical and experimental research suggest. This article offers a brief description of the elements of hypnosis and a review of the history of the use of hypnotic techniques with a variety of medical problems including asthma, habits such as cigarette smoking and medical symptoms such as persistent nausea and vomiting. Special attention is placed on the psychological and physiological principles that help to establish the valid use of this technique.
A Biphasic Innate Immune MAPK Response Discriminates between the Yeast and Hyphal Forms of Candida albicans in Epithelial Cells
Authors: David L. Moyes, Manohursingh Runglall, Celia Murciano, Chengguo Shen, Deepa Nayar, Selvam Thavaraj, Arinder Kohli, Ayesha Islam, Hector Mora-Montes, Stephen J. Challacombe, Julian R. Naglik
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2010)
Agranulocytosis after 10(N-Methyl-piperdyl-3-methyl)phenothiazine, with Recovery
Authors: Sol Sherman, E. Baur, H. Klahre, P. G. Lever
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

WITH new drugs agranulocytosis is a serious side effect always feared, and occasionally found. The following case concerns a patient who recovered from this complication after treatment with 10(N-methyl-piperdyl-3-methyl)phenothiazine,∥ one of the newer ataraxic drugs.Case ReportC.G., a 46-year-old man, had had a history of schizophrenic reaction, paranoid type, since 1935, and also healed pulmonary tuberculosis. He returned to the hospital on June 7, 1957, because he was withdrawn and seclusive. He had been aggressive and destructive at times. He showed blocking, inappropriateness, suspicion and evasiveness. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale gave a full-scale I. Q. of 0.93, with . . .
Enteropathy Associated with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: DONALD P. KOTLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

To explore the effect of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome on gastrointestinal structure and absorption, the cases of 12 homosexual men with the syndrome and 11 homosexual controls were studied. Seven patients had diarrhea with weight loss. Bacterial or parasitic infections were not detected. All patients were malnourished; had significantly fewer T-lymphocyte helper and suppressor cells; and had significantly lower body weights, midarm circumferences, serum albumin concentrations, and iron binding capacities than homosexual controls. D-Xylose malabsorption and steatorrhea were present in patients, especially those with diarrhea. Jejunal and rectal biopsy samples were histologically abnormal in all patients with diarrhea. Jejunal abnormalities included partial villus atrophy with crypt hyperplasia and increased numbers of intraepithelial lymphocytes. Rectal abnormalities included intranuclear viral inclusions, mast cell infiltration in the lamina propria, and focal cell degeneration near the crypt base. The histologic findings suggest that a specific pathologic process occurs in the lamina propria of the small intestine and colon in some patients with the syndrome.
The Public's Health Unprotected
Authors: Donald P. Francis
Journal: JAMA (1995)

A series of studies published between 1980 and 1985 reported that hepatitis B vaccine effectively prevented hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection of adults, 1,2 children, 3 and infants. 4 Recognizing that these discoveries set the stage for control of HBV infection and its associated disease, I, from my position at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), published an editorial in 1985 suggesting worldwide application of this vaccine to eliminate both the acute and chronic diseases associated with HBV infection. 5 But progress toward this end was slow, and 4 years later, in another attempt to stimulate international attention, Harold Margolis, MD, (then and now Chief of the Hepatitis Branch at CDC) and I wrote another plaintive Editorial in JAMA . 6   See also pp 1201 and 1209.  With reports of long-term vaccine protection, 7,8 interest in broader application of hepatitis B vaccine was rekindled, and in late 1991 routine
THE PHARMACOLOGY OF OVARIAN PREPARATIONS
Authors: C. W. EDMUNDS
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Our knowledge of the action of extracts of the ovaries is in a highly unsatisfactory condition, although recently some progress has been made in solving some of the problems in connection therewith. The difficulties connected with the work are not hard to understand. In the first place, the ovary contains more than one structure which might be capable of elaborating a hormone. We have to consider the ovary as an entity; also the corpus luteum or the ovary without the corpus luteum; and, finally, the liquor folliculi, to say nothing of the much discussed interstitial cells. We have to consider the juices expressed from the ovary or watery extracts of the ovary, alcoholic extracts and lipoid extracts—all of which have been employed in experimental work. Finally, there has been until recently the difficulty connected with the obtaining of accurate criteria for measuring the activity of these various preparations on the