tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acantholytic lesions in the vagina
Authors: F. Brandrup, J. Petri, J. Aegidius†
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Acantholytic lesions in the vaginaSIR, We wish to report a case of isolated acantholytic lesions involving the vagina in a patient with a family history of Hailey-Hailey disease.A 40-year-old woman was seen at the Department of Surgery in April 1988 with a history of severe dyspareunia with deep post-coital pain during the previous 15 years.In 1986 she had been treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics for pneumonia and this had resulted in transient oral and vaginal candidiasis, which required local antifungal therapy.The uterus was slighrly enlarged and tender and there were white erosions in the posterior fornix, A total hysterectomy was performed which included the erosive lesions in the uppermost part of the vagina.On histology there were focal areas of acantholysis of the vaginal epithelium (Fig. i) with some evidence of dyskeratosis in the deeper part of the epidermis.Following hysterectomy the severe dyspareunia disappeared completely.She had no skin lesions to suggest either Hailey-Hailey disease or Darier's disease, but there were whitish longitudinal streaks on the nail plates of both thumbs suggestive for Darier's disease.Her mother had classical Hailey-Hailey disease with typical lesions involving the axillae, groins and the inframammary folds.The skin biopsy showed the histological features of Haiiey-Hailey disease rather than Darier's disease.The patient's brother and four sisters were later examined and all were unaffected, apart from her youngest sister who had had Hailey-Hailey disease over the past 3 years affecting the groins and vulva.This diagnosis had been confirmed by a skin biopsy.Deep post-coital pain had occurred on occasions in this sister and suggested that there were periodic acantholytic lesions of the vaginal mucosa.Our patient had two children aged 13 and 16 and neither had any evidence of the disease.The clinical features of our patient and her affected relatives are consistent with the diagnosis of Hailey-Hailey disease, as was their histology.However, our patient also had nail changes that are claimed to be specific for Darier's disease.' Lesions of the mucous membranes can occur in Darier's disease,''"' as well as in Hailey-Hailey disease.'*"^The histological differentiation between the two disorders may be difficult in the mucosal lesions such as occurred in our case.The combined features of both disorders have also been Correspondence described,^"'" Our case is similar to tiiat reported of a patient with Hailey-Hailcy disease with erosive lesions in the vagitia causing severe dyspareutiia.*"In our patient the acantholysis tnay have been triggered off by trauma and by vaginal candidiasis.Typical lesions in familial pemphigus may be provoked by Candida albicans.
Dependence on dose of the acute effects of ethanol on liver metabolism in vivo.
Authors: R W Guynn, J R Pieklik
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

The dose dependence of the acute effects of ethanol upon liver intermediary metabolism in vivo has been demonstrated in rats. Ethanol was given i.p. in doses of 0.69, 1.7, and 3.0 g/kg in equal volumes (20 ml/kg). The liver was freeze-clamped 120 min after injection, and multiple metabolites were measured in the perchloric acid extract of the tissue. Each group showed a significantly different pattern of metabolites, redox states, and phosphorylation potentials although the rate of ethanol disappearance, at least between the two highest dose groups, was not significantly different. The mitochondrial free [NAD+]/[NADH] ratios and the cytoplasmic free [NADP+]/[NADPH] ratio were paradoxically most reduced with the lowest dose of ethanol and became progressively more oxidized with increasing dose. Once established, the differences in these ratios between the groups tended to persist with time, relatively independent of the concentration of ethanol. In a somewhat different pattern, the phosphorylation potential ([ATP]/[ADP][P1]) remained at the control level in the low-dose group but was significantly elevated in the two higher-dose groups. The results, therefore, show distinct and complicated dose-dependent patterns of intermediary metabolism that cannot be explained completely by any one hypothesis but that imply significant dose-dependent effects of ethanol upon intermediary metabolism not directly related to NADH production.
Studies on Lipolysis in Human Adipose Cells *
Authors: David J. Galton, George A. Bray
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

Epinephrine stimulated lipolysis and the uptake of oxygen by subcutaneous adipose cells of man. When glucose-(14)C was present in the medium, its utilization was not increased by epinephrine, although lipolysis was accelerated. Insulin did not reduce the production of fatty acids that had been stimulated by epinephrine. The combination of human growth hormone and cortisol stimulated the production of fatty acids by isolated human adipose cells to a lesser extent than epinephrine. When human growth hormone or cortisol was used singly, or when bovine growth hormone was added in combination with cortisol, no effect on fatty acid production was observed. Furthermore, an acetone-dried preparation of human pituitary glands, which was shown to stimulate lipolysis in rat adipose cells, had no effect on fatty acid formation in human adipose cells. This suggested that the human pituitary gland contained no more potent lipolytic agents than growth hormone and was supported by the lack of response of human adipose cells to purified corticotropin.
Outer membrane vesicles containing autocitrullinated peptidylarginine deiminase fromPorphyromonas gingivalispart of an infection model in RA?
Authors: M Sohn, B Marklein, G R Burmester, K Skriner
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

Background Bacteria release outer membrane vesicles (OMV) which do contain proteins, DNA and enzymes like peptidylarginine deiminase (PPAD) from gingivalis to interact with bacteria and the host immune system. PPAD has been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The authors have examined were PPAD its modified in the immune response which patients and controls do respond to Porphyromonas gingivalis OMV (POMV) and PPAD. Methods PPAD was analysed in POMVs, recombinantly expressed and separated by 2-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D SDS-PAGE). PPAD was analysed my mass spectrometry (MS). Modifications and the immune reactivity was tested with sera in ELISA and immunobloting. Results The authors have analysed the POMV reactivity and found significant reactions of RA patients and controls to the PPAD and other proteins of the POMV. The authors could show that PPAD in OMVs is cleaved rendering it into an active enzyme. POMVs can interact with histones to protect bacteria from antibacterial response of histones. Moreover the anti H1 histone antibody response of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) sera can be blocked by POMVs. H1 histone citrullinated with rabbit PADwas positive with anticitrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) positive and negative RA and SLE sera. Interestingly PPAD incubated with H1 histone gave no additional reactivity with RA sera and controls. Out of 69 early RA sera, and 23 periodontitis sera (PD), 10 SLE and 10 healthy controls 100% of the early RA and PD sera, 70% of the SLE and 90% of the healthy control sera were reactive with the recombinant PPAD. This immune reactivity correlated with the positivity to P gingivalis lipopolysaccharides ELISA. Specific response to the citrullinated form of PPAD could be detected with affinity purified ACPA antibodies from different citrullinated peptides only with RA sera. The human affintity purified patient ACPA antibodies reacted specifically with the 2D SDS-PAGE separated autocitrullinated form of PPAD. Autocitrullination of PPAD was detected by MS, with human anti cit-fibrinogen antibodies and the antimodified citrulline kit. PPAD citrullination activity was tested with different peptide sequences containing arginine. Sequence and pH dependent cit-reactions could be detected. Conclusion PPAD autocitrullination and sequence and pH dependent intramolecular citrullination can be detected using different methods. Anti OMV and PPAD antibody reaction is commonly found in RA, SLE and healthy controls. ACPA specific binding with the autocitrullinated form of PPAD can be only detected in RA sera.
Abstract 4210: Gsta4 modifies susceptibility to skin tumor development in mice and humans
Authors: Erika L. Abel, Joe M. Angel, Penny K. Riggs, Laura Langfield, Anna Jiang, Steve Carbajal, Herng-Hsiang Lo, Maria Person, Yogesh Awasthi, Li-E Wang, Sara Strom, Qingyi Wei, John DiGiovanni
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is equivalent to that of all other human cancers combined, and genetic factors contribute to risk of the disease. Using genetic crosses of skin tumor promotion sensitive DBA/2 mice with relatively resistant C57BL/6 mice, loci that modify susceptibility to tumor promotion by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) have been mapped to chromosomes (chr) 1, 2, 9, and 19. Here, we show that Glutathione S-transferase alpha 4 (Gsta4), which maps to skin tumor promotion susceptibility locus Psl1.2 on chr 9, was expressed at significantly different levels in the epidermis of C57BL/6 versus DBA/2 mice following treatment with diverse promoting agents. Gsta4 expression was dramatically upregulated in the epidermis of C57BL/6 mice, but not DBA/2 mice, following treatment with TPA, okadaic acid, chrysarobin, or ultraviolet light. Gsta4 deficient mice were more susceptible to skin tumor development in the two-stage skin carcinogenesis protocol providing compelling evidence that Gsta4 underlies the effect of Psl1.2 on susceptibility to skin tumor promotion by TPA. A number of polymorphisms were detected in the putative promoter region of Gsta4 in C57BL/6 versus DBA/2 mice, and ongoing studies are addressing the genetic basis of strain-specific expression of Gsta4 during tumor promotion. Finally, inheritance of polymorphisms in GSTA4 was associated with risk of NMSC in human populations, further supporting Gsta4/GSTA4 as a gene that modifies susceptibility to skin tumor development. Supported by NIH grant ES016623. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4210.
Case 48-1968
Authors: Irving P. Ackerman, Austin L. Vickery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

Presentation of Case First admission. A sixty-four-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of dyspnea.Eight months before entry she was admitted to another hospital because of fatigue and weakness. The skin was gray. The urinary sediment contained protein, red cells and white cells. The hemoglobin was 8.5 gm; the urea nitrogen was 78 mg, the calcium 9.3 mg, the phosphorus 4.9 mg, and the uric acid 6.2 mg per 100 ml. Culture of the urine grew out alpha-hemolytic streptococci. A percutaneous renal biopsy revealed mild nephrosclerosis, with glomerulosclerosis and tubular atrophy; there was striking silver pigmentation of the . . .
HMG CoA reductase inhibitors and quality of life
Authors: J. R. Downs
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The Air Force Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS) is an ongoing randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled primary prevention trial to determine whether treatment with the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitor, lovastatin, will prevent coronary heart disease in persons with mild to moderate elevations of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. A total of 6605 participants without clinical evidence of coronary heart disease are enrolled, including men aged 45 to 73 years and women aged 55 to 73 years. Participants will be followed annually for total coronary heart disease events during a minimum of 5 years. A trial of this size and duration provides an opportunity to evaluate the long-term impact of cholesterol-lowering drug treatment on patient quality of life (QoL). In fact, it may be argued that it is imperative to assess the impact of long-term pharmacologic therapy on QoL in asymptomatic
Computerised axial tomography findings in patients with migrainous headaches.
Authors: L A Cala, F L Mastaglia
Journal: BMJ (1976)

The demonstration of cerebral oedema by computerised axial tomography (CAT) in patients with migraine was drawn to our attention by Drs J Ambrose and J Gawler of London. The subsequent unexpected finding of a significant degree of cerebral atrophy in a migraine sufferer further prompted our interest in the CAT changes in these patients. The findings in 46 patients with migrainous headaches were therefore reviewed.
Human parvovirus B19 infection in bone marrow transplantation patients
Authors: A. Azzi, R. Fanci, S. Ciappi, K. Zakrzewska, A. Bosi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

We report the results of a survey of parvovirus B19 infection carried out with the aim to evaluate the frequency and the role of this infection in bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients, as it is known that B19 virus can persist in clinical circumstances of immunodeficiency. Fifty-one patients subjected to BMT in the Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of Florence were enrolled in this study. Immunological and virological indications of B19 infection were tested weekly during the stay in hospital. A high rate of seroconversion or B19 antibody rise was observed, but, in absence of B19 IgM or B19 DNA presence, this result seems to be attributable to a passive immunization, rather than to a recent viral infection. In these 51 patients, as well as in 59 others not included in this study, clinical manifestations imputable to B19 infection have never been observed. It is possible that the isolation measures and the intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) administration may contribute in preventing B19 infection in the BMT recipients at least until the hospital discharge.
Topical Pharyngeal Anesthesia Improves Tolerance of Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A Randomized Double-Blind Study
Authors: R. Campo, E. Brullet, A. Montserrat, X. Calvet, E. Rivero, C. Brotons
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

See also: A Simple Test for Predicting Patients' Tolerance of Upper Gastrointestinal EndoscopyEndoscopy 1997; 29(05): 430-430DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1004231
Obstruction of the Sigmoid Colon by Grape Seeds
Authors: Daniel E. Faircloth
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Intestinal obstruction in the senile geriatric patient presents a major diagnostic challenge to the physician. Carcinoma, sigmoid diverticulitis, and volvulus, in that order, account for about 90% of cases of large-intestine obstruction. It is known that large fruit seeds may obstruct the small bowel, particularly at sites of narrowing. We report a case of large-bowel obstruction by small fruit seeds. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 66-year-old man with progressive, presenile dementia experienced marked mental deterioration on the day of admission. A physical examination showed an emaciated man who was totally disoriented. His vital signs were blood pressure of 96/62 mm Hg, a pulse rate of 104 beats per minute, and a rectal temperature of 37.7 °C. His neck was rigid. His abdomen was tense but nontympanitic. All of his extremities were rigidly extended with legs scissored and fists clenched. A chest x-ray film was clear of infiltrates.
Low-oestrogen oral contraceptives.
Authors: S. M. Wood, J. A. McEwan
Journal: BMJ (1970)

MEBRITJSHgo home, having no obvious sequelae.His liver function tests, electrolytes, and urea were repeated on the day of his discharge and all were normal.Glibenclamide and its metabolites are more than 970' bonded by serum proteins.About 25 °, of radioactive glibenclamide is excreted in the faeces and the rest in the urine.In contrast to chlorpropamide, the hypoglycaemic reaction to glibencamide is not protracted and is easily controlled by a reduction of the dosage.It is interesting to note phenformin has no hypoglycaemic action in normal people, but this is obviously not so in glibenclamide.This patient's recovery appeared to be fairly rapid and without any immediate damage to kidneys or liver as judged by crude tests of liver function, electrolytes, and urea.
Remodeling of Coronary Arteries in Human and Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Thomas B. Clarkson
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To compare coronary artery remodeling (compensatory enlargement) in human and nonhuman primates.Coronary artery data were analyzed retrospectively for 416 nonhuman primates and 100 men and women.The monkeys had been in experiments involving diet-induced coronary artery atherosclerosis. The human hearts were obtained from the North Carolina Baptist Hospital, Winston-Salem, and age greater than 25 years was the only criterion.The left anterior descending coronary arteries from 100 humans, 328 cynomolgus monkeys, and 88 male rhesus monkeys were used.None; this was a cross-sectional observational study.Coronary artery size, lumen area, and plaque size. In the humans, we also examined demographic characteristics (ethnicity, sex, and history of hypertension) and pathologic criteria (eccentricity or concentricity of plaque area).On average, lumen size remained unaffected by plaque size. Lumen size was variable and could not be predicted by traditional risk factors for coronary heart disease. However, lack of compensation (decreased lumen size as plaques enlarged) and history of coronary heart disease were significantly correlated.The similarity of remodeling in human and nonhuman primates suggests that the process has general biologic significance. Lack of remodelling may be a major determinant of whether a person with coronary artery atherosclerosis develops its complications.
Mast cells aggravate sepsis by inhibiting peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis
Authors: Albert Dahdah, Gregory Gautier, Tarik Attout, Frédéric Fiore, Emeline Lebourdais, Rasha Msallam, Marc Daëron, Renato C. Monteiro, Marc Benhamou, Nicolas Charles, Jean Davoust, Ulrich Blank, Bernard Malissen, Pierre Launay
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Controlling the overwhelming inflammatory reaction associated with polymicrobial sepsis remains a prevalent clinical challenge with few treatment options. In septic peritonitis, blood neutrophils and monocytes are rapidly recruited into the peritoneal cavity to control infection, but the role of resident sentinel cells during the early phase of infection is less clear. In particular, the influence of mast cells on other tissue-resident cells remains poorly understood. Here, we developed a mouse model that allows both visualization and conditional ablation of mast cells and basophils to investigate the role of mast cells in severe septic peritonitis. Specific depletion of mast cells led to increased survival rates in mice with acute sepsis. Furthermore, we determined that mast cells impair the phagocytic action of resident macrophages, thereby allowing local and systemic bacterial proliferation. Mast cells did not influence local recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes or the release of inflammatory cytokines. Phagocytosis inhibition by mast cells involved their ability to release prestored IL-4 within 15 minutes after bacterial encounter, and treatment with an IL-4–neutralizing antibody prevented this inhibitory effect and improved survival of septic mice. Our study uncovers a local crosstalk between mast cells and macrophages during the early phase of sepsis development that aggravates the outcome of severe bacterial infection.
Ye olde statins
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2012)

If we were asked to give a resume of the history of medicine, most of us, I suppose, would list those moments of progress and enlightenment to which we are in apostolic succession, as it were. This would be a perfectly reasonable organising principle for a great mass of material, but it would not be compatible with the dictum of the great German historian Leopold von Ranke (1795-1886), that the object of history as a discipline is to describe things as they actually were. 

In 1849 the Reverend Henry Christmas (1811-68) published a curious two volume work with the title The Cradle of the Twin Giants, Science and History , in which he traced the story of the absurd ideas or superstitions, …
Walter Reed and Yellow Fever
Authors: William B. Bean
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Yellow fever was a disease of unknown cause, curious, almost haphazard spread, short duration, and, often, a high fatality rate. It died out soon after a frost and did not appear in cool climates or high elevations. Some thought filth caused its spread — that it arose in the fetid, reeking decay around docks. Others believed it to be imported, mainly by ships from tropical lands. It rarely attacked nurses, doctors, or hospital attendants. The very mystery increased the sickening fear it created. It brought business to a halt. People fled from it if they could. Thus, when the manner of its spread was learned and could be stopped, it was stripped of its lethal secrets. We today who go careless and carefree are a forgetful people. The article reprinted in this issue ofThe Journalwas the classic contribution of the Yellow Fever Board appointed by Surgeon General Sternberg
Incidence of Hepatitis A in the United States in the Era of Vaccination
Authors: Annemarie Wasley
Journal: JAMA (2005)

ContextIn the United States, hepatitis A is a frequently reported vaccine-preventable disease. Vaccination has been recommended for persons at increased risk since 1996. In 1999, it was recommended that children living in 11 states with the highest incidence of hepatitis A be routinely vaccinated, and that children living in 6 additional states, with incidence above the national average, be considered for routine vaccination.ObjectiveTo assess impact of the current vaccination strategy by evaluating trends in reported cases of hepatitis A since implementation.Design, Setting, and CasesA longitudinal analysis of characteristics of cases of hepatitis A reported in the United States since 1990 to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System.Main Outcome MeasureIncidence rates of reported cases of hepatitis A. Incidence rates in 2003 were compared with those for the prevaccination baseline period (1990-1997) overall and in the 17 states in which children should be routinely vaccinated or considered for routine vaccination (vaccinating states). Incidence rates in vaccinating states were also compared with those in the remaining states where there is no recommendation for statewide vaccination of children (nonvaccinating states).ResultsBetween the baseline period (1990-1997) and 2003, overall hepatitis A rates declined 76% to 2.6 per 100 000, significantly lower than previous nadirs in 1983 (9.2/100 000) and 1992 (9.1/100 000). The rate in vaccinating states declined 88% to 2.5 per 100 000 compared with 53% elsewhere (to 2.7/100 000). In 2003, cases from vaccinating states accounted for 33% of the national total vs 65% during the baseline period. Declines were greater among children aged 2 to 18 years (87%) than among persons older than age 18 years (69%); the proportion of cases in children dropped from 35% to 19%. Since 2001, rates in adults have been higher than among children, with the highest rates now among men aged 25 through 39 years.ConclusionsFollowing implementation of routine hepatitis A vaccination of children, hepatitis A rates have declined to historic lows, accompanied by substantial changes in the epidemiologic profile. Greater decreases in the age groups and regions where routine vaccination of children is recommended likely reflect the results of implementation of this novel vaccination strategy. Continued monitoring is needed to verify that implementation continues to proceed and that low rates are sustained.