tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
RECURRING MULTIPLE ANGIOMATA OF THE SEPTUM.
Authors: JOHN O. McREYNOLDS
Journal: JAMA (1903)

It is not my purpose at this time to present an exhaustive study of the literature of this affection, but only to report an interesting case which is now under my care, together with the treatment I have employed and the comparative failures that have followed, in the hope that the wider experience of the members present may aid me in the more successful management of an exceedingly obstinate trouble. The patient, Mr. L. L. K., a young Jewish merchant of Dallas, is 32 years of age; and aside from his nasal disease is in perfect health, and gives no history of any serious illness or constitutional infection that would have any bearing on the subject. He reports that his mother for many years was subject to repeated very severe attacks of nasal hemorrhage that resisted all efforts at relief by very competent physicians. She finally died of some unrelated
'Abnormal' Laboratory Results in Runners
Authors: Jonathan G. Solomon
Journal: JAMA (1979)

To the Editor.—  Given the popularity of physical fitness activities, physicians need to recognize atypical and presumably  physical and laboratory findings in those who exercise vigorously, particularly joggers who run middle and longer distances (10 km or more).  As a 38-year-old psychiatrist who jogs one hour daily (13 km), I learned from firsthand experience how unsettling it is to have a routine annual physical examination yield abnormal results.  My examining physician remarked that all seemed well except for bradycardia (42 beats per minute) and three laboratory test results: the BUN level was 21.1 mg/dL (normal, 5 to 20); SGOT level, 56 Reitman-Frankel units (normal, 0 to 30); and the level of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), was 80 IU (normal, 24 to 78). Fortunately, I had not obtained a value for serum creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), which presumably would have been high (239:2685, 1978), reflecting muscle breakdown consequent to vigorous exercise.  A
Public Attitudes and Behavior Regarding Organ Donation
Authors: Diane L. Manninen
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Organ transplantation has been the subject of much attention; unfortunately, relatively little has been published about public attitudes toward organ donation. To better document public perceptions on organ donation, a telephone survey of a nationally representative sample of 2,056 respondents was conducted. We found that nearly 94% of the population had heard about organ transplantation, but only 19% of these people carried donor cards. The results indicated that people are somewhat more likely to donate the organs of a relative who had just died (53%) than they are to donate their own organs (50%). People were most likely to donate kidneys (50%) and least likely to donate skin (40%). Most respondents (58%) felt that next of kin should not be able to override a person's desire to donate organs as signified by an organ donor card. Few people (7%) supported the concept of presumed consent. We conclude that while the public is supportive of organ transplantation, it is not overly enthusiastic about organ donation. Awareness of this paradox on behalf of the public may actually facilitate organ donation. (<i>JAMA</i>1985;253:3111-3115)
Trephine Drill Biopsy of the Lung
Authors: George Castillo
Journal: JAMA (1974)

One hundred thirteen biopsies were performed with use of a high-speed drill in 100 patients with diffuse lung disease. Adequate lung tissue was obtained in 70% of the biopsies. Pneumothorax resulted in 40% of the biopsies, but intubation treatment was required in only 7%. Hemoptysis occurred in 8%, pleuritic chest pain in 17%, and subcutaneous emphysema in 4%. Most of the biopsies in our patients were office procedures, since our offices are a part of the hospital complex, but when the patient has advanced pulmonary function impairment, hospitalization is preferred for the trephine biopsy procedure. Trephine lung biopsy is a simple, useful, and relatively inexpensive procedure. Serious complications are infrequent. (<i>JAMA</i>228:189-191, 1974)
Dialysis, Neutropenia, Lung Dysfunction and Complement
Authors: Paul A. Chervenick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

The study in this issue of the Journal by Craddock and his colleagues provides an explanation for a problem first encountered a number of years ago: patients undergoing hemodialysis experience a transient neutropenia, in some cases accompanied by cardiopulmonary symptoms.1 2 3 Although leukopenia and thrombocytopenia had been noted during hemodialysis,2 it was Kaplow and Goffinet4 who called attention to the regular occurrence of neutropenia in these patients. Later, Brubaker and Nolph,5 in studies with neutrophils labeled with radioactive di-isopropylfluorophosphate (DF32P), described in more detail the kinetic changes responsible for neutropenia during dialysis. Neutropenia occurs within minutes after the start of . . .
A rare case of inflammatory pseudotumour of the bronchus, occurring in an achondroplastic woman
Authors: M Vanderheyden, J Van Meerbeeck, E Van Bouwel, V Bosmans, C Colpaert, M Ramael, E Van Marck
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

An inflammatory pseudotumour of the lung in an achondroplastic woman is described. The occurrence of both conditions in the same patient probably represents a coincidental finding. However, recurrent pulmonary infections, as frequently seen in achondroplasia, may be relevant, because a history of antecedent infection is noted in one third of cases of inflammatory pseudotumours. Despite extensive debridement of the pseudotumour by neodymium yttrium aluminium garnet (NdYAG) laser therapy, early recurrence occurred.
Thiopropazate Hydrochloride in Persistent Dyskinesia
Authors: K. Singer, M. N. Cheng
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Thiopropazate (Dartalan) was found to be significantly more effective than a placebo in relieving dyskinesia in 23 patients with functional psychosis and persistent dyskinesia associated with prolonged phenothiazine therapy. Each patient whose dyskinesia had persisted unchanged for at least one month after phenothiazine withdrawal received thiopropazate by mouth for three weeks and the placebo for a similar period. Patients were evaluated before the trial, at three weeks, and at six weeks. The drug also improved psychotic behaviour. Possible side effects, which were generally mild, were noted in eight patients, of whom six had Parkinsonism and four drowsiness. None had side effects while on the placebo. The findings indicate that thiopropazate is of value in persistent dyskinesia associated with prolonged phenothiazine intake—a condition hitherto unresponsive to other treatment. Further research is required to determine the long-term effectiveness of the drug.
The Barefoot Doctors of the People's Republic of China
Authors: Victor W. Sidel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Abstract China's rural people, who comprise 80 per cent of its population, have in the past been served by grossly inadequate numbers of health-care personnel. Rural medical services were massively expanded as a result of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, which began in 1965. As part of this expansion, agricultural workers are trained to meet rural needs for environmental sanitation, health education, immunization, first aid, and some aspects of primary care and post-illness follow-up; there are now said to be over a million such "bare-foot doctors." Their formal training period is brief, and continued on-the-job education is stressed. Analogous health workers include "worker doctors" in China's factories and "Red Guard doctors," who are housewives serving as physicians' assistants in urban neighborhood health stations. The development of these categories of workers and their training illustrate some of the principles on which current Chinese health services are based.
Prospective Study Evaluating the Impact of Tissue Confirmation of Metastatic Disease in Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Eitan Amir, Naomi Miller, William Geddie, Orit Freedman, Farrah Kassam, Christine Simmons, Maria Oldfield, George Dranitsaris, George Tomlinson, Andreas Laupacis, Ian F. Tannock, Mark Clemons
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

Decisions about treatment for women with metastatic breast cancer are usually based on the estrogen (ER), progesterone (PgR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status of the primary tumor. Retrospective data suggest that discordance between primary and metastatic lesions leads to detrimental outcome. This prospective study investigated receptor status of primary tumors and metastases in the same patient and assessed the impact of discordance on patient management and survival.Biopsies of suspected metastases were analyzed for ER, PgR, and HER2. Primary tumors and metastases were analyzed using similar methodology. The treating oncologist indicated a treatment plan before and after biopsy to determine whether the result influenced management. Patients were followed up for progression or death.Of 121 women undergoing biopsy, 80% could be analyzed for receptor status. Discordance in ER, PgR, and HER2 between the primary and the metastasis was 16%, 40%, and 10%, respectively. Biopsy led to a reported change of management in 14% of women (95% CI, 8.4% to 21.5%). Fine-needle aspiration and biopsy of bone led to reduced ability to analyze receptors. After a median follow-up of 12 months, there were no trends for an association between receptor discordance and either time to treatment failure or overall survival.Biopsy of metastases is technically feasible. Clinicians alter immediate management in one of seven patients on the basis of results of the biopsy, and discordance is not then associated with detrimental effects on outcome. Tissue confirmation should be considered in women with breast cancer and suspected metastatic recurrence.
Effects of a carbohydrate solution on technique during prolonged rowing
Authors: T Kirk, C Breuker, C Simpson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Rowing is an endurance sport with an important skill component. This study evaluated the effects of carbohydrate (CHO) solution ingestion on rowing technique before and after 60 min of ergometer rowing. On two occasions, eight male rowers (age 22±2 years, height 182±4 cm, weight 72.9±2.1 kg, VO 2max 4.9±0.2 litre/min) rowed as a group in an indoor rowing tank for 6 min at 18 strokes per minute before and after 60 min of ergometer rowing at 60% of VO 2max . Participants ingested either a 6% CHO solution or a flavoured placebo (PLA) in a randomised, counterbalanced fashion. Physiological and technical measures were analysed using a repeated measures analysis of variance. Oar handle curves were analysed using Geometric Morphometrics (principal component analysis). There were no differences in heart rate or rating of perceived exertion between the treatments, indicating similar physiological strain. There were no changes in stroke length over the 60-min period with either treatment. Oar handle velocity decreased from 49.7±3.6 to 47.4±2.8°/s (p&lt;0.05) over the 60-min period in PLA but did not change in CHO (48.9±2.2-48.2±1.9°/s). Oar handle curves did not differ between CHO and PLA (procrustes distance=0.645). Maximum blade depth declined similarly by 20±16% in both CHO and PLA (p&lt;0.01). This change is likely to decrease the resistance of the water upon the oar blade during the drive phase of the rowing stroke. In conclusion, selected measures of rowing tank technique deteriorated in response to 60 min of ergometer rowing in both PLA and CHO. Ingestion of CHO may help to maintain velocity of movement as rowers fatigue. Future research should investigate technique during on-water rowing to evaluate the effects of fatigue and CHO ingestion on rowing technique in the natural competitive environment.
1212 ACH-2928: A NOVEL HIGHLY POTENT HCV NS5A INHIBITOR WITH FAVORABLE PRECLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: M. Huang, G. Yang, D. Patel, Y. Zhao, J. Fabrycki, C. Marlor, J. Rivera, K. Stauber, V. Gadhachanda, J. Wiles, A. Hashimoto, D. Chen, Q. Wang, G. Pais, X. Wang, M. Deshpande, A. Phadke
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Abstract P1-01-16: Evaluation of Sentinel Node Biopsy Using a Combined Dye and Fluorescence Method for Breast Cancer
Authors: A Yamada, T Chishima, M Kimura, D Shimizu, S Hasegawa, T Ishikawa, I. Endo
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) dissection is now widely accepted for staging the axilla in patients with breast cancer. At present, several methods are used to detect SLN. A combination of blue dye and radioactive colloid has been described previously as a superior method for detecting SLN in breast cancer patients. However, use of radioactive colloids is not generally available for various reasons in Japan. SLN detection guided by indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence could emerge as a new method for SLN biopsy. The aim of this study was to evaluate sentinel node biopsy using a combined dye and fluorescence method for breast cancer. Methods: Fifty-eight patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer were examined between April 2008 and March 2009 at Yokohama City University Hospital. Intradermal injections of 20 mg/5 ml of indigo carmine and 0.5 mg/0.1 ml of ICG were made into the upper-lateral region of the periareolar area. Subcutaneus lymphatic channels draining from the areola to the axilla were visible under fluorescence within a few minutes. SLNs were then dissected under direct vision supported by fluorescence navigation. Palpable lymph nodes were also dissected. All SLNs were histologically evaluated by 2-mm serial section and staining with hematoxylin and eosin. Patients with positive SLNs underwent axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), while patients with negative SLN did not. Results: SLNs were identified in 58 patients (100%). ICG fluorescence imaging was compared with indigo carmine dye, and SLNs were identified in 57 and 52 patients, respectively (detection rate: ICG, 98.3%; dye, 89.7%). The mean number of excised SLNs was 2.72. Mean numbers of lymph nodes showing fluorescence and blue stain from injected dye were 2.31 and 1.41, respectively. Eight of 58 patients (13.8%) had metastases detected in the SLN, so ALND were subsequently performed. Five of these cases were without metastases at non-SLN that were dissected. One patient showed metastasis in a SLN that was positive for fluorescence, but negative for blue dye. Among all cases, 1 patient (1.7%) showed an SLN without fluorescence or blue staining, and this case was detected by palpation only. Conclusion: Combined use of dye and fluorescence method identified SLNs effectively. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-01-16.
The Public Cost of Motorcycle Trauma-Reply
Authors: Frederick P. Rivara
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> The argument that motorcycle helmets may enhance the risks of disabling injuries is often put forth by opponents of compulsory laws. The fact that Dr Dobson can only cite "some people" as her source underscores the fact that the "theory" has never been supported by reputable scientific studies. Although Dr Rosansky's repayment scheme may temper our sense of indignation, it is not likely to result in less motorcycle trauma. Motorcyclists who fail to wear helmets are generally aware of the studies demonstrating their benefit. However, like cigarette smokers, they either do not believe the studies or choose to disregard them. Compulsory laws dramatically increase helmet usage and hence reduce deaths and injuries. Opponents argue that, as long as they do not infringe on the rights of others, adult citizens should have the freedom to make their own decisions about their safety without government interference. Our study showed
A VAGINAL SPECULUM.
Authors: G. R. FOX
Journal: JAMA (1897)

I present herewith a photograph of a vaginal speculum which I have recently invented. The instrument is similar to Graves' in the mechanism for the vertical expansion of the blades, but has the following improved features. Instead of the screw used in most similar instruments to keep the distal ends of the blades expanded, I have adopted a ratchet and pawl mechanism, which permits the operator to expose the cervix uteri very quickly, and adjust the instrument with one hand, and to release the blades as quickly when he desires to remove the instrument.  Another improvement is a funnel-shaped opening at the rear portion of the lower blade leading into a hollow shank on same, to which a piece of rubber tubing is affixed, thus providing a ready outlet for fluids while using the speculum.  The instrument is aseptible, and the lower blade can be detached and used as a Sims
Electrophysiological determinants of antidromic reentry induced during atrial extrastimulation. Insights from a pacing model of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
Authors: M H Lehmann, P Tchou, R Mahmud, S T Denker, M Akhtar
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

The electrophysiology of antidromic reentry, a less common phenomenon than orthodromic reentry, remains a poorly understood aspect of the Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome. We used a pacing model of ventricular preexcitation in patients without WPW, so that electrophysiological events in the normal pathway during atrial extrastimulation (A1-A2 technique) could be precisely delineated without the obscuring effect of an actual accessory pathway. Ventricular preexcitation was simulated by an A1-V1 sequential basic drive with A2-V2 extrastimulation at progressively shorter A1-A2 (equal to V1-V2) coupling intervals. At each coupling interval tested within the zone of atrioventricular (A-V) nodal effective refractory period (since anterograde block of A2 was considered mandatory for manifestation of antidromic reentry), responses were assessed after A2 alone (method I), V2 alone (method II), and A2 plus V2 (method III, the complete preexcitation model). The entire pacing protocol was performed at two A-V intervals, short (50 msec) and long (150-180 msec), thereby simulating different proximities between the A pacing site and "accessory pathway" location. Of 47 consecutive unmedicated patients screened for the study protocol, 38 failed to meet minimal prerequisites for possible initiation of antidromic reentry because of failure in 18 (38% of total) to achieve anterograde A-V nodal block of A2, even though 1:1 ventriculoatrial conduction to cycle lengths less than or equal to 500 msec (less than or equal to 400 msec in 12) was present; and poor or absent ventriculoatrial conduction in the others. The nine remaining candidates underwent the full pacing protocol. Antidromic reentry (retrograde atrial response following V2 in method III) was observed in only two cases (4% of total), and both were associated with retrograde His-Purkinje system delays (documented by method II) occurring in tandem with a long A-V interval, thereby allowing for completion of retrograde A-V nodal recovery after penetration by A2. Indeed, such a prolonged recovery time prevented initiation of antidromic reentry in six of the nine patients (proven by intact ventriculoatrial conduction in method II). Retrograde A-V nodal block of V2, independent of A2, prevented an antidromic echo in one case. Findings in our model help to clarify the various factors, including specific anterograde and retrograde A-V nodal properties; anatomic relation between the accessory and normal pathways; and the retrograde His-Purkinje system delays, that must prevail in a concerted fashion to permit the initiation of antidromic reentry during the A1-A2 technique in patients with the WPW syndrome.
Leptin-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy involves selective caveolae and RhoA/ROCK-dependent p38 MAPK translocation to nuclei
Authors: A. Zeidan, S. Javadov, S. Chakrabarti, M. Karmazyn
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

Leptin-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is dependent on both RhoA and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) activation. The present study investigated the role of lipid raft/caveolae in these responses and assessed the nature of p38 MAPK activation in mediating leptin-induced hypertrophy.Studies were carried out using cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Pharmacological, molecular, microscopy, and confocal imaging techniques were used to assess the role of caveolae in leptin-induced hypertrophy and to study the underlying cellular mechanisms. Leptin (3.1 nmol/L) treatment for 24 h significantly increased caveolae number two-fold and increased expression of caveolin-3 to 278 +/- 14% of control values. These effects were associated with increased cell surface area by 29 +/- 5% and leucine incorporation by 40 +/- 6%. The hypertrophic effect of leptin was associated with significant activation of RhoA (422 +/- 26%) and a decrease in the G-actin-to-F-actin ratio from 3.1 +/- 0.2 to 0.9 +/- 0.1. Caveolae disruption with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MbetaCD) potently attenuated leptin-induced cell hypertrophy and the associated signalling. RhoA was detected in caveolae fraction of a sucrose gradient after treatment with leptin for 5 min, indicating subcellular translocation of RhoA: this effect was inhibited by MbetaCD, the RhoA inhibitor C3 exoenzyme, and by disruption of actin filaments with latrunculin B. Furthermore, leptin-induced hypertrophy was associated with p38 MAPK but not with extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) translocation to nuclei, which was inhibited by MbetaCD, C3 exoenzyme, and the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632.Our results indicate that p38 import into nuclei represents a key mechanism for leptin-induced hypertrophy acting through lipid raft/caveolae and a RhoA-dependent pathway.
Bacterial Pneumonia Causes Augmented Expression of the Secretory Leukoprotease Inhibitor Gene in the Murine Lung
Authors: TATSUYA ABE, YASUYUKI TOMINAGA, TOSHIAKI KIKUCHI, AKIRA WATANABE, KEN SATOH, YUJI WATANABE, TOSHIHIRO NUKIWA
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

The cDNA of murine secretory leukoprotease inhibitor (SLPI) was cloned from a mouse lung cDNA library. The amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA showed 58 and 51% homology with those of human and porcine SLPI, respectively. A two-domain structure with similar amino acid sequences, four intradomain disulfide bonds, and high proline content, which are characteristics common to human and porcine SLPI, was also found in the mouse protein. The amino acid residues for the signal sequence and active site are also conserved in mouse SLPI. RNase protection assay showed the expression of the SLPI gene in liver, intestine, spleen, and epididymis, suggesting the distribution of SLPI in tissues other than lung and seminal vesicles. In the lung infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae strain FP1284, 10 h after inoculation of bacteria the number of SLPI mRNA transcripts was three times higher than baseline. The increased level of expression remained constant for at least 48 h. This result clearly contrasts to that obtained for spleen, in which the SLPI mRNA transcript level was mostly unchanged during the course of pneumonia. These facts suggested the local regulation of the SLPI gene expression in vivo in response to inflammatory stimuli at the site of inflammation.