tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
INDUSTRIAL MEDICAL SERVICE BY PRIVATE PRACTITIONERS
Authors: James. P. Hughes
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Industrial organizations are making increasingly heavy demands on the medical profession for sound guidance on matters of employee health. What is needed, it would seem, is more emphasis on the preventive aspect of medicine and less on the curative aspect. While injuries and some occupational disorders such as contact dermatitis continue to occur with some frequency, it has become unusual for even a large industrial plant to have many. Safety engineering practice has been developed to the point where many employees are actually safer on the job than at home or on the highway. The majority of industrial injuries that do occur are minor and respond quite well to the type of treatment that competent industrial nurses are trained to administer under medical supervision. In few plants does the practice of traumatic surgery require a large part of the time of medical personnel. A growing portion of medical time in
Thailand ignores HIV epidemic in drug users
Authors: Robert Walgate
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The opening of the 2004 international AIDS meeting in Bangkok, with its elephants, Thai dancers, and loud drumming, was intended to be a fanfare for Thailand's new commitment to treat 100% of its citizens who had AIDS with regionally produced generic antiretroviral drugs. Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra even announced that Thailand would help neighbouring countries to treat their own cases.

But, although his promise delighted some, not everyone shared his optimism. Thailand has dramatically reduced the levels of HIV infection among sex …
Nongorgeous Marie Puts Jeering Physician in Medicare DOGhouse
Authors: Daniel Liberthson
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  The article entitled Medicare DOGs 1 was the sort of satire that reveals more about the satirist's prejudices than those of his target. The author gave voice to those stereotypical attitudes of many physicians that only aggravate tensions in the difficult hospital environment. I happen to know a Marie in utilization management who, although not gorgeous, is a very competent and dedicated nurse who spends a great deal of time trying to prevail on physicians to bring their patient care up to standards. Recently, she was browbeaten by a jeering physician who waved the Medicare DOGs article in her face. Imperfect though DRGs may be, they exist for a reason— intolerable escalation in medical costs due at least in part to unenlightened practices of physicians. Both hospitals and patients would be well rewarded if hospital administrations paid more attention to educating physicians to provide appropriate and timely care,
Abstinence education has no effect on US teenagers' sexual activity
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<h3>BACKGROUND:</h3> We aimed to investigate the predictor role of the plasma levels of lipid parameters and atherogenic indices on development of atherosclerosis in subjects with COPD. <h3>METHODS:</h3> We retrospectively analyzed 104 male subjects diagnosed with stable COPD in hospital records. We excluded subjects with exacerbation, with known cardiovascular diseases and other chronic diseases, receiving anti-hyperlipidemic treatment, without sufficient past medical history, and lacking needed laboratory data. Additionally, 40 age-matched male healthy controls were also enrolled. C-reactive protein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels of COPD and the control group were analyzed. Atherogenic indices (atherogenic index of plasma, cardiogenic risk ratio, and atherogenic coefficient) were calculated. <h3>RESULTS:</h3> C-reactive protein, triglyceride, atherogenic index of plasma, cardiogenic risk ratio, and atherogenic coefficient values were significantly higher in subjects with stable COPD than in control subjects (<i>P</i> &lt; .05 for all). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was significantly lower in subjects with COPD than in the control group (<i>P</i> &lt; .001). C-reactive protein, lipid profiles, and atherogenic indices were similar in lower-risk (stage A and B) and higher-risk (stage C and D) subjects with COPD. Cardiogenic risk ratio and atherogenic coefficient were negatively correlated with FEV<sub>1</sub> in all stable subjects with COPD and in higher-risk subjects with COPD (r = −0.27, <i>P</i> = .01 and r = −0.35, <i>P</i> = .01, respectively). <h3>CONCLUSIONS:</h3> We concluded that atherogenic indices (atherogenic index of plasma, cardiogenic risk ratio, atherogenic coefficient) could be considered as a useful predictor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases in stable COPD patients. Nevertheless, further prospective investigations on this issue are warranted.
A Recombinant Glycoprotein Vaccine for Herpes Simplex Type 2: Safety and Efficacy
Authors: Andria G. M. Langenberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a recombinant glycoprotein vaccine for herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), which contains glycoproteins gD2 and gB2 combined with the novel MF59 adjuvant emulsion, in HSV-2-seronegative persons.Integrated summary of two phase I and two phase II studies.University and private outpatient clinics.137 persons seronegative for HSV-2 antibodies as determined by HSV Western blot assay.Open-label vaccine administration with a dose-escalating design (phase I) was followed by randomized vaccine administration (phase II). Vaccine was administered intramuscularly into the deltoid at 0, 1, and 6 months.Neutralizing, HSV-2-binding antibodies and HSV-2-stimulated proliferative responses were measured before and after immunization.Among HSV-seronegative patients, the gD2 and gB2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and HSV-2-neutralizing antibody titers increased to levels equal to or higher than those seen in naturally acquired HSV-2 infection after the full three-dose immunization schedule. Among HSV-1-seropositive patients, one immunization produced increases in gD2 and gB2 ELISA antibody titers and HSV-2-neutralizing antibody titers that were 3 to 5 times greater than those in persons with naturally acquired HSV-2 infection. Among HSV-seronegative patients, frequency analysis assays showed a marked increase in the precursor frequency of gD2- and gB2-specific T cells after vaccination: T-cell responses after two immunizations were equal to the responses of HSV-2-seropositive patients and were sustained at day 180. The vaccine was well tolerated.This subunit vaccine induces both humoral and cellular responses to HSV-2 that are equal to or greater than those of persons with naturally acquired HSV-2 infection. Studies to evaluate this vaccine for the prevention of genital herpes appear warranted.
BMP type I receptor inhibition attenuates endothelial dysfunction in mice with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Hidemi Kajimoto, Hisashi Kai, Hiroki Aoki, Hiroki Uchiwa, Yuji Aoki, Suguru Yasuoka, Takahiro Anegawa, Yuji Mishina, Akira Suzuki, Yoshihiro Fukumoto, Tsutomu Imaizumi
Journal: Kidney International (2014)
Critical care patients have major health and financial problems 12 months after discharge, finds study
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Patients who have been treated in a high dependency unit for more than two days face serious social and medical problems 12 months after their discharge, a study has found.

Nearly three quarters (73%) of 293 patients who were surveyed said that they had moderate or severe pain a year after leaving hospital, and nearly half (44%) had significant anxiety or depression. About half of the patients had some problems with mobility 12 months after discharge that they didn’t have before they went to hospital.1

The patients had been …
1024 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF THE COMBINATION OF ENTECAVIR (ETV)-TENOFOVIR (TDF) IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B (CHB): A NATIONWIDE, RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: P. Sogni, A. Nani, F. Habersetzer, J.-P. Zarski, C. Hezode, M. Bourliere, T. Poynard, P. Marcellin, L. Alric, V. Loustaud-Ratti, A. Tran, P. Mathurin, C. Buffet, N. Ganne, S. Bresson-Hadni, J.-P. Bronowicki
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Pacemaker-Induced Pectoral Stimulation
Authors: Terrence P. HORRIGAN
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Excessive mobility of a pacemaker pulse generator in its subcutaneous pocket has produced lead dislodgement in the pacemaker twiddler's syndrome,<sup>1,2</sup>in which the patient rather absentmindedly winds and twists the electrode about the generator, retracting it from the cardiac chamber. An excessively mobile generator has also been reported to flip, causing failure of recharging in a rechargeable system.<sup>3</sup>This report describes another sequel to an overly mobile generator—sudden onset of pectoral stimulation caused by a flip of a unipolar generator. <h3>Report of Cases.—Case 1.—</h3> A 56-year-old man with sick sinus syndrome had a unipolar transvenous pacemaker system implanted through the cephalic vein in September 1976, with the pulse generator placed subcutaneously. Because of pectoral stimulation noted at implantation, the pulse generator was encased in a silicone rubber "boot," which limited the anodal metal surface of the generator to a small square that faced the subcutaneous
The "You Know" Syndrome
Authors: John F. Briggs
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I first became aware of the "you know" syndrome years ago, when I listened to an intern taking a clinical history. He would ask the patient a question. When the patient found the question difficult to answer, he would, after some fumbling, suddenly say "you know." The intern would nod his head affirmatively; if the "you know" was repeated, he nodded again matching the recurrent statement. The history he wrote was<i>his</i>answer to the "you knows." The result was a mess, you know. The syndrome is now epidemic. It can be recognized on quiz shows, talk shows, panel shows, and shows. If the interlocutor is so knowledgeable, why does he ask the question and nod affirmatively to the<i>you know</i>answer? I suppose you know why, don't you know?
Corrigendum to: “Re: Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Axial Skeleton for Detecting Bone Metastases in Patients with High-Risk Prostate Cancer: Diagnostic and Cost-Effectiveness and Comparison with Current Decision Strategies” [Eur Urol 2009;56:573]
Authors: Cesare Selli, Gianluca Giannarini
Journal: European Urology (2009)
Doctors' view of care pathway for dying patients clashes with audit findings
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Findings from an audit of nearly 4000 dying patients counter claims made by doctors last week that a care plan developed in a Liverpool hospice is “causing a national crisis in care.” The doctors claimed in a letter to a national newspaper that families and friends of patients were angry at witnessing the denial of fluids and food to patients.

However, the national care of the dying audit of hospitals, published this week, says that records show that most patients whose treatment followed the framework, known as the Liverpool care pathway, received high quality care and were comfortable in the last 24 hours of life.

The audit was carried out by the Marie Curie Palliative Care Institute Liverpool, in collaboration with the clinical …
The Societal Costs and Benefits of Commuter Bicycling: Simulating the Effects of Specific Policies Using System Dynamics Modeling
Authors: Alexandra Macmillan, Jennie Connor, Karen Witten, Robin Kearns, David Rees, Alistair Woodward
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Shifting to active modes of transport in the trip to work can achieve substantial co-benefits for health, social equity, and climate change mitigation. Previous integrated modeling of transport scenarios has assumed active transport mode share and has been unable to incorporate acknowledged system feedbacks.We compared the effects of policies to increase bicycle commuting in a car-dominated city and explored the role of participatory modeling to support transport planning in the face of complexity.We used system dynamics modeling (SDM) to compare realistic policies, incorporating feedback effects, nonlinear relationships, and time delays between variables. We developed a system dynamics model of commuter bicycling through interviews and workshops with policy, community, and academic stakeholders. We incorporated best available evidence to simulate five policy scenarios over the next 40 years in Auckland, New Zealand. Injury, physical activity, fuel costs, air pollution, and carbon emissions outcomes were simulated.Using the simulation model, we demonstrated the kinds of policies that would likely be needed to change a historical pattern of decline in cycling into a pattern of growth that would meet policy goals. Our model projections suggest that transforming urban roads over the next 40 years, using best practice physical separation on main roads and bicycle-friendly speed reduction on local streets, would yield benefits 10-25 times greater than costs.To our knowledge, this is the first integrated simulation model of future specific bicycling policies. Our projections provide practical evidence that may be used by health and transport policy makers to optimize the benefits of transport bicycling while minimizing negative consequences in a cost-effective manner. The modeling process enhanced understanding by a range of stakeholders of cycling as a complex system. Participatory SDM can be a helpful method for integrating health and environmental outcomes in transport and urban planning.
THE BLADDER POST PARTUM
Authors: LAWRENCE M. RANDALL
Journal: JAMA (1933)

For several years, we have followed a definite routine when caring for the urinary bladder post partum. This paper is concerned with an outline of this care, and a review of obstetric conditions that may influence the behavior of the bladder during the puerperium. Our care of the urinary bladder post partum is based on the principles that overdistention of the bladder, and the presence of residual urine, favor infection of the urinary tract. We recognize a small group of women who are unable to void spontaneously post partum, apparently from no demonstrable cause. Nervous inhibition, posture and decreased intra-abdominal pressure may explain this. In caring for these patients, as well as all others, an attempt is made to cause spontaneous urination by such means as warm external "pitcher douches." However, these are not persisted in to the point of exhausting the patient. We believe that too great value may
Clinical significance of low levels of minimal residual disease at the end of remission induction therapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Patricia Stow, Laura Key, Xiaohua Chen, Qiulu Pan, Geoffrey A. Neale, Elaine Coustan-Smith, Charles G. Mullighan, Yinmei Zhou, Ching-Hon Pui, Dario Campana
Journal: Blood (2010)
An Experiment in Cancer Education
Authors: R. Paterson, C. M. Brown, J. Wakefield
Journal: BMJ (1954)

This paper describes an experiment in cancer education conducted by the Manchester Committee on Cancer. It was designed to test the effect of saturating a defined area with intensive propaganda of every suitable kind, to develop propaganda techniques, and to assess effects on the lay public. The experiment (referred to in the 29th Report of the British Empire Cancer Campaign and in editorial comment in the British Medical Jour ntal) has now been in progress for over two years. Although unable as yet to evaluate results on any statis tical basis, we are able to record some of the lessons learned in the course of the experiment.
Comorbidity-Adjusted Life Expectancy: A New Tool to Inform Recommendations for Optimal Screening Strategies
Authors: Hyunsoon Cho, Carrie N. Klabunde, K. Robin Yabroff, Zhuoqiao Wang, Angela Meekins, Iris Lansdorp-Vogelaar, Angela B. Mariotto
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Many guidelines recommend considering health status and life expectancy when making cancer screening decisions for elderly persons.To estimate life expectancy for elderly persons without a history of cancer, taking into account comorbid conditions.Population-based cohort study.A 5% sample of Medicare beneficiaries in selected geographic areas, including their claims and vital status information.Medicare beneficiaries aged 66 years or older between 1992 and 2005 without a history of cancer (n = 407 749).Medicare claims were used to identify comorbid conditions included in the Charlson index. Survival probabilities were estimated by comorbidity group (no, low/medium, and high) and for the 3 most prevalent conditions (diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and congestive heart failure) by using the Cox proportional hazards model. Comorbidity-adjusted life expectancy was calculated based on comparisons of survival models with U.S. life tables. Survival probabilities from the U.S. life tables providing the most similar survival experience to the cohort of interest were used.Persons with higher levels of comorbidity had shorter life expectancies, whereas those with no comorbid conditions, including very elderly persons, had favorable life expectancies relative to an average person of the same chronological age. The estimated life expectancy at age 75 years was approximately 3 years longer for persons with no comorbid conditions and approximately 3 years shorter for those with high comorbidity relative to the average U.S. population.The cohort was limited to Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged 66 years or older living in selected geographic areas. Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry and Medicare claims lack information on functional status and severity of comorbidity, which might influence life expectancy in elderly persons.Life expectancy varies considerably by comorbidity status in elderly persons. Comorbidity-adjusted life expectancy may help physicians tailor recommendations for stopping or continuing cancer screening for individual patients.
Abstract 2105: <i>miR-125b</i> promotes the tumor growth of prostate cancer cells in intact and castrated male nude mice
Authors: Xu-Bao Shi, Lingru Xue, Ralph W. deVere White
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) negatively regulate protein-coding genes, and aberrant expression of certain miRNAs has been reported to play a key role in the pathogenesis of human cancer including prostate cancer. Our previous studies have shown that miR-125b was highly expressed in a majority of clinical prostate cancer tissues we examined and ectopic expression of miR-125b stimulated the in vitro growth of LNCaP cells in the absence of androgens. In this study, we performed in vivo experiments to further determine whether this miRNA promotes prostatic xenograft growth. To this end, a miR-125b lentiviral vector (lenti-miR-125b) that expresses a ∼500-base pre-miR-125b was used to infect androgen-dependent PC-346C prostate cancer cells that have a limited ability to form tumors in intact nude mice and fail to grow in castrated nude mice. Quantitative RT-PCR exhibited a 39-fold increase in miR-125b level in lenti-miR-125b infected cells compared to that in lenti-vector control cells. The effect of miR-125b on xenograft tumor growth was then evaluated in intact and castrated male nude mice. After inoculation with lenti-miR-125b cells or control cells, tumors formed in all intact mice. However, the palpable lenti-miR-125b tumors appeared in approximately 7 days, while the vector control tumors took 15-20 days. The volume of xenograft tumor was markedly enlarged in all lenti-miR-125b mice compared to that in control mice. Surgery castration was performed when the tumor volume reached ∼0.5 cm3. Castratation resulted in temporary growth regression of miR-125b tumors followed by rapid growth of these tumors. To understand the molecular mechanism by which miR-125b promotes tumor growth in intact and castrated nude mice, xenograft tumors were examined by Western blot analyses of the expression of p53, Puma and Bak1 that have been validated to be the direct targets of miR-125b. Marked reduction of these three pro-apoptotic molecules was observed in miR-125b tumors compared to that in control tumors. Our data indicate that miR-125b acts as an oncogenic molecule, and overexpression of miR-125b stimulates the in vivo growth of prostate cancer cells as well as promotes the progression of prostate cancer cells to an androgen-independent status. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2105.
Electrophysiological effects of the antiarrhythmic agent QX-572 in the human heart with special reference to rate-induced changes in effective refractory periods
Authors: L. RYDEN, B. OLSSON, J. KVASNICKA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1975)

The antiarrhythmic agent, N,N-bis(phenylcarbamoylmethyl)dimethylammonium chloride (QX-572) 8 mg/kg body weight produced a decreased conduction time through the atrioventricular node but did not influence intra-atrial or intraventricular conduction. Effective refractory periods of the atrium, the atrioventricular conduction system, and the ventricle were shortened by the drug. The observed effects were present at the end of drug infusion but had disappeared 30 min later. The probable explanation is an increased sympathetic tone induced by QX-572.
Gunshot-Wounds of the Head in Civil Life
Authors: E. Atkinson
Journal: BMJ (1886)

THE BRITISH MBDICAL JOUBHAL.la commonly used; carbolised oiled lint, iodoform, and tenax, combined or otherwise the three made an excellent dressing.The iodoform was sprinkled on the wound; then a small strip of lint, covered by the tenax, was bound on by a gauze-bandage, rendering it completely anti- septic.Although flies abounded, tlhey only gave trouble in two or three caSes; tno follorin powder, used sparingl outside the bandages, I found very usefi in warding them off.] lodoform 3 ; zinci oxidi 3ij; pulv.McDougall ad 3ij.Most wounds in Europeans (from the Mediterranean) and Asiatics did well when not complicated by ague or dysentery.The most obstinate cases were those amongst Africans from the Somali coast.Their wounds healed very slowly, and often resulted in unhealthyv looking ulcers, which were aggravated by a native treatment in which they have unbounded faith, and which consists in pressing a copper coin firmly over the wound, a larger one being substituted when the ulcer appears beyond its margins.
Immunologic Aspects of Reproductive Diseases
Authors: Sezer Aksel
Journal: JAMA (1992)

REPRODUCTION is intricately involved with the immune system. The maternal immune system must tolerate foreign (paternal) antigens while maintaining resistance to microbes and tumor antigens. Immunologic interference in biological activities, such as formation of antibodies to sperm or failure of proper confrontation of fetal alloantigens by the maternal immune system, may result in reproductive failure. <h3>IMMUNOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION IN THE FEMALE</h3> The female genital tract is exposed to sperm and seminal fluid proteins, both of which are potentially antigenic. Nevertheless, in most women without infertility problems, there is no antibody formation to sperm or evidence that exposure produces any humoral or cellular immunity. The uterus is exposed to all substances that enter the vagina, such as sperm, seminal plasma, and microorganisms. Since the uterus handles bacterial invasion of the endometrial cavity well without frequent infections of the endometrium, it is assumed that the immune system in the uterus is intact.