tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
597 METHAPYRILENE TREATMENT IS A REFINED ALTERNATIVE TO BILE DUCT LIGATION AS A MODEL OF REPRODUCIBLE AND REVERSIBLE PERIPORTAL FIBROSIS IN THE RAT
Authors: P.M.E. Probert, M.R. Ebrahimkhani, F. Oakley, A.D. Burt, D.A. Mann, M.C. Wright
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Beyond Medical Paternalism and Patient Autonomy: A Model of Physician Conscience for the Physician-Patient Relationship
Authors: DAVID C. THOMASMA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Medical paternalism lies at the heart of traditional medicine. In an effort to counteract the effects of this paternalism, medical ethicists and physicians have proposed a model of patient autonomy for the physician-patient relationship. However, neither paternalism or autonomy are adequate characterizations of the physician-patient relationship. Paternalism does not respect the rights of adults to self-determination, and autonomy does not respect the principle of beneficence that leads physicians to argue that acting on behalf of others is essential to their craft. A model of physician conscience is proposed that summarizes the best features of both models—paternalism and autonomy.
Adverse Events Associated With Stopping Clopidogrel After Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Sandeep K. Goyal
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
On Aneurism on the Pulmonary Artery, as a Source of Haemoptysis
Authors: R. P. Cotton
Journal: BMJ (1868)

IN November z86s, a case of extensive and suddenly fatal lhmoptysis occurred to one of my hospital patients, and in searching at the post mortem examination for the source of the hemorrhage, there was dis- covered a small and ruptured aneurism of a branch of the pulmonary artery in its passage through a vomica.This case was reported in the hospital records of the Medical Times and Gaette of January 13th, i 866.
Lack of allergy specialists drives patients to alternative treatments
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A scathing report by the Royal College of Physicians says that the NHS is failing people with allergy and that the burden of allergic disease has assumed epidemic proportions.

The report says that only a tiny minority of doctors are trained to treat allergies, and the NHS is not honouring promises to increase the number of specialists.

Just five …
Cardiac troponin T in the severity assessment of patients with pulmonary embolism: cohort study
Authors: K. Janata
Journal: BMJ (2003)

thyroid hormones at the peripheral tissues-and not TSH concentrations-reflect the clinical severity of hypothyroidism.A judicious initiation of thyroxine treatment should be guided by clinical and metabolic presentation and thyroid hormone concentrations (free thyroxine) and not by serum TSH concentrations.We thank the laboratory staff of the division of endocrinology (Maya Kunz, Sylvia Alscher, Ursula Schild) for performing the biochemical and technical analyses.Contributors: CM, J-JS, and BM were involved in the conceptual design, interpretation of data, critical revision
Ethane exhalation and vitamin E/ubiquinol status as markers of lipid peroxidation in ferrocene iron—loaded rats
Authors: Bernd Dresow, Claudia Albert, Inge Zimmermann, Peter Nielsen
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Organ damage caused by iron overload has been mostly attributed to iron-induced peroxidation of membrane lipids. Using the ferrocene iron-loaded rat model, we studied ethane exhalation as a direct marker of in vivo lipid peroxidation, as well as concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and ubiquinol 9/10 in liver and plasma as indirect markers of this process. The feeding of a diet enriched with 0.5% TMH-ferrocene up to 31 weeks resulted in a large increase in liver iron concentration to about 25 mg/g wet weight (w wt). At lower, predominantly hepatocellular liver siderosis, the breath ethane exhalation was dependent on dietary vitamin E (VitE) supplements (onset of ethane exhalation at liver-Fe > 2 mg/g w wt on vitE-restricted diet; > 5 mg Fe per gram on VitE-replete diet). At severe liver siderosis, breath ethane exhalation reached a maximum of approximately 8 nmol/kg/hr independent of VitE supplementation. Plasma as well as hepatic alpha-tocopherol decreased with progressive iron loading. In addition, a significant depletion in hepatic ubiquinol 9 and 10 was noted.
NHS should lead in ensuring goods it buys are produced ethically
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> The regulation of the chromatin state by epigenetic mechanisms plays a central role in gene expression, cell function, and maintenance of cell identity. Hereditary disorders of chromatin regulation are a group of conditions caused by abnormalities of the various components of the epigenetic machinery, namely writers, erasers, readers, and chromatin remodelers. Although neurological dysfunction is almost ubiquitous in these disorders, the constellation of additional features characterizing many of these genes and the emerging clinical overlap among them indicate the existence of a community of syndromes. The introduction of high-throughput next generation sequencing (NGS) methods for testing multiple genes simultaneously is a logical step for the implementation of diagnostics of these disorders. <h3>Methods</h3> We screened a heterogeneous cohort of 263 index patients by an NGS-targeted panel, containing 68 genes associated with more than 40 OMIM entries affecting chromatin function. <h3>Results</h3> This strategy allowed us to identify clinically relevant variants in 87 patients (32%), including 30 for which an alternative clinical diagnosis was proposed after sequencing analysis and clinical re-evaluation. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our findings indicate that this approach is effective not only in disorders with locus heterogeneity, but also in order to anticipate unexpected misdiagnoses due to clinical overlap among cognate disorders. Finally, this work highlights the utility of a prompt diagnosis in such a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders that we propose to group under the umbrella term of chromatinopathies.
Cytology Proficiency Testing Has Stumped Experts
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1993)

CALL IT CLIA 88's Catch-22. In a few weeks the deadline quietly will pass for a national cytology proficiency testing (PT) program mandated by the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988. But cytotechnologists and pathologists won't be scrambling to enroll. Instead, many will be working with federal policymakers to figure out how or whether valid, widespread PT can even be accomplished. Establishment of such a program, spurred by news accounts of cervical cancer deaths attributed to false-negative Papanicolaou (Pap) test results, is extremely complex. One of the main problems is the sheer volume of test slides it would take to start up a national testing program. When the federal government advertised last spring for contractors to provide the needed 26000 slides, there were no responses. The list of problems doesn't stop there. But experts want to ensure that PT is viewed in a proper perspective. It is an important link
Improving antibiotic prescribing in acute respiratory tract infections: cluster randomised trial from Norwegian general practice (prescription peer academic detailing (Rx-PAD) study)
Authors: S. Gjelstad, S. Hoye, J. Straand, M. Brekke, I. Dalen, M. Lindbaek
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the effects of a multifaceted educational intervention in Norwegian general practice aiming to reduce antibiotic prescription rates for acute respiratory tract infections and to reduce the use of broad spectrum antibiotics. <b>Design</b> Cluster randomised controlled study. <b>Setting </b>Existing continuing medical education groups were recruited and randomised to intervention or control. <b>Participants</b> 79 groups, comprising 382 general practitioners, completed the interventions and data extractions. <b>Interventions</b> The intervention groups had two visits by peer academic detailers, the first presenting the national clinical guidelines for antibiotic use and recent research evidence on acute respiratory tract infections, the second based on feedback reports on each general practitioner's antibiotic prescribing profile from the preceding year. Regional one day seminars were arranged as a supplement. The control arm received a different intervention targeting prescribing practice for older patients. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Prescription rates and proportion of non-penicillin V antibiotics prescribed at the group level before and after the intervention, compared with corresponding data from the controls. <b>Results</b> In an adjusted, multilevel model, the effect of the intervention on the 39 intervention groups (183 general practitioners) was a reduction (odds ratio 0.72, 95% confidence interval 0.61 to 0.84) in prescribing of antibiotics for acute respiratory tract infections compared with the controls (40 continuing medical education groups with 199 general practitioners). A corresponding reduction was seen in the odds (0.64, 0.49 to 0.82) for prescribing a non-penicillin V antibiotic when an antibiotic was issued. Prescriptions per 1000 listed patients increased from 80.3 to 84.6 in the intervention arm and from 80.9 to 89.0 in the control arm, but this reflects a greater incidence of infections (particularly pneumonia) that needed treating in the intervention arm. <b>Conclusions</b> The intervention led to improved antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections in a representative sample of Norwegian general practitioners, and the courses were feasible to the general practitioners. <b>Trial registration</b> Clinical trials NCT00272155.
SOME DEFECTS OF SPEECH; THEIR CAUSE AND TREATMENT, WITH EXHIBITION OF CASES.
Authors: G. HUDSON MAKUEN
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The first case is one of defective speech due to a cleft palate. The boy, J. C., was born in Ireland eleven years ago with a cleft running back through the lip, alveolar arch, hard palate and soft palate. The hare-lip was beautifully closed by Dr, Hamilton of Dublin, when the child was 7 months old. He always had great difficulty in swallowing and his speech was entirely unintelligible. When he was 9 years of age Dr. John B. Roberts of this city did a very successful operation for closing the palatal cleft. This made the boy comfortable in every way, but it did not improve his speech to any appreciable extent. Even had he been given a perfect palate and perfect lips his speech would still have been defective, because for nine years the other organs of speech had been trying to adapt themselves to very imperfect conditions, and
Anonymous nuclear DNA markers in the American oyster and their implications for the heterozygote deficiency phenomenon in marine bivalves
Authors: M. P. Hare, S. A. Karl, J. C. Avise
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

A puzzling population-genetic phenomenon widely reported in allozyme surveys of marine bivalves is the occurrence of heterozygote deficits relative to Hardy-Weinberg expectations. Possible explanations for this pattern are categorized with respect to whether the effects should be confined to protein-level assays or are genomically pervasive and expected to be registered in both protein- and DNA-level assays. Anonymous nuclear DNA markers from the American oyster were employed to reexamine the phenomenon. In assays based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), two DNA-level processes were encountered that can lead to artifactual genotypic scorings: (a) differential amplification of alleles at a target locus and (b) amplification from multiple paralogous loci. We describe symptoms of these complications and prescribe methods that should generally help to ameliorate them. When artifactual scorings at two anonymous DNA loci in the American oyster were corrected, Hardy-Weinberg deviations registered in preliminary population assays decreased to nonsignificant values. Implications of these findings for the heterozygote-deficit phenomenon in marine bivalves, and for the general development and use of PCR-based assays, are discussed.
Noninvasive detection of renal allograft inflammation by measurements of mRNA for IP-10 and CXCR3 in urine
Authors: Ravi Raju Tatapudi, Thangamani Muthukumar, Darshana Dadhania, Ruchuang Ding, Baogui Li, Vijay K. Sharma, Elizabeth Lozada-Pastorio, Nagashree Seetharamu, Choli Hartono, David Serur, Surya V. Seshan, Sandip Kapur, Wayne W. Hancock, Manikkam Suthanthiran
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
491 ANTI-HBS-NEGATIVE IN 1-MONTH-OLD INFANTS ACCEPTED COMBINED IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS IS ONE IMPORTANT INDICATOR FOR INTRAUTERINE TRANSMISSION
Authors: J. Wang, Y.R. Zhao, Y.L. Feng, J. Li, J.F. Liu, Y. Yang, K. Wang, H.L. Liu, Y. Zhang, R.T. Yi, Y.Y. Li, T.Y. Chen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
More Women Choose Careers in Surgery
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Australian doctors attack health reforms
Authors: C Zinn
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The Australian Medical Association (AMA) has stepped up its attack on the federal government's proposed health reforms, claiming that they will reduce the level of private health cover. The AMA's discussion paper, Right Problem - Wrong Answer, says that the Labor party's working party is considering reforms akin to the American system of managed care, in which 30 percent of insurance premiums are swallowed up by administrative costs.

The package of changes from the health minister, Senator Graham Richardson, are designed to increase …
Hyperfiltration in African-American Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Cross-sectional and longitudinal data
Authors: Rochelle L Chaiken, Margaret Eckert-Norton, Mara Bard, Mary Ann Banerji, Joanne Palmisano, Isaac Sachimechi, Harold E Lebovitz
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE Hyperfiltration may play a role in the development of diabetic nephropathy. African-American patients with diabetes have more than a fourfold increase in end-stage renal disease. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of hyperfiltration on renal function in African-American patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Renal function of 194 African-American patients with diagnosed type 2 diabetes from 1 month to 36 years was assessed by studies of isotopic glomerular filtration rate (GFR), serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, and 24-h urinary albumin excretion rates. Thirty-four patients with a duration of diagnosed type 2 diabetes from 1 month to 10 years were found to have hyperfiltration (GFR ≥140 ml · min−1 · 1.73 min2). Fifteen of these patients received longitudinal follow-up of renal function for as long as 15 years after the initial study. RESULTS Hyperfiltration is present in 15 (36%) of 42 patients whose duration of diagnosed type 2 diabetes is &amp;lt;1 year, and it persists for up to 10 years in 14–20% of patients with diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Patients with hyperfiltration are younger than their counterparts without hyperfiltration when matched for duration of diagnosed diabetes. When followed over time, those patients with hyperfiltration were not more likely to develop impaired renal function as measured by GFR or creatinine clearance. CONCLUSIONS Hyperfiltration does not identify patients at risk for deterioration in renal function
Antibiotics, Bacteria, and Antibiotic Resistance Genes: Aerial Transport from Cattle Feed Yards via Particulate Matter
Authors: Andrew D. McEachran, Brett R. Blackwell, J. Delton Hanson, Kimberly J. Wooten, Gregory D. Mayer, Stephen B. Cox, Philip N. Smith
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2015)

Emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance has become a global health threat and is often linked with overuse and misuse of clinical and veterinary chemotherapeutic agents. Modern industrial-scale animal feeding operations rely extensively on veterinary pharmaceuticals, including antibiotics, to augment animal growth. Following excretion, antibiotics are transported through the environment via runoff, leaching, and land application of manure; however, airborne transport from feed yards has not been characterized.The goal of this study was to determine the extent to which antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes (ARG), and ruminant-associated microbes are aerially dispersed via particulate matter (PM) derived from large-scale beef cattle feed yards.PM was collected downwind and upwind of 10 beef cattle feed yards. After extraction from PM, five veterinary antibiotics were quantified via high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, ARG were quantified via targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and microbial community diversity was analyzed via 16S rRNA amplification and sequencing.Airborne PM derived from feed yards facilitated dispersal of several veterinary antibiotics, as well as microbial communities containing ARG. Concentrations of several antibiotics in airborne PM immediately downwind of feed yards ranged from 0.5 to 4.6 μg/g of PM. Microbial communities of PM collected downwind of feed yards were enriched with ruminant-associated taxa and were distinct when compared to upwind PM assemblages. Furthermore, genes encoding resistance to tetracycline antibiotics were significantly more abundant in PM collected downwind of feed yards as compared to upwind.Wind-dispersed PM from feed yards harbors antibiotics, bacteria, and ARGs.
Diurnal variation in blood pressure in patients with biventricular assist devices and retained, nonpumping native hearts.
Authors: J Sehested, E Happe, K Ishino, R Hetzer, U Schiessler, S Schifter
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Studies indicate that centrally mediated rhythms in sympathetic tone play a prominent role in diurnal cardiovascular variability. Recent evidence from heart transplant recipients, in whom blood pressure does not decline during sleep despite normal variability in plasma norepinephrine, however, suggests that afferent cardiac nervous traffic is necessary for the generation of diurnal variability. This implies that in the presence of an innervated heart excluded from the systemic circulation, blood pressure would still decrease during sleep. To assess this hypothesis, we studied 24-hour blood pressure, heart rate, and neuroendocrine variability in patients with biventricular assist devices in whom the retained native hearts had ceased to pump. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight patients were free of medication and were studied every 3 hours. Pump rates and output were kept constant throughout the study. Blood pressure showed a significant decline during sleep, as did norepinephrine and epinephrine (all P &lt; .05). Atrial natriuretic factor showed a significant increase around midnight (P &lt; .01). Significantly elevated levels were found for all hormones studied except for aldosterone and endothelin. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that diurnal variations in cardiac function or in catecholamine levels (indicative of sympathetic activity) as found in cardiac transplant recipients alone are not responsible or sufficient for producing a nocturnal drop in blood pressure. The presence of an innervated heart appears crucial in this respect. This could be of importance for the understanding of circadian cardiovascular pathophysiology.
Color Doppler Ultrasound and Deep Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Steven W. Merrell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 June 1993Color Doppler Ultrasound and Deep Venous ThrombosisSteven W. Merrell, MD, Clynn R. Ford, MD, and Steven R. Talbot, MDSteven W. Merrell, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Clynn R. Ford, MDSearch for more papers by this author, and Steven R. Talbot, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-11-199306010-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Our vascular laboratory provided diagnostic data for the RD Heparin study and we have concerns about the design of Davidson and colleagues' study [1] comparing color Doppler ultrasound to contrast venography for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis (DVT).The data were collected from only 7 of the 20 centers in the RD Heparin study. They were retrospectively selected on the basis of a questionnaire, in which each center declared whether they used color Doppler ultrasound for the diagnosis of DVT. In our laboratory, all study patients were examined with color Doppler ultrasound equipment, but our data ...References1. Davidson BL, Elliott CG, Lensing AW, for the RD Heparin Arthroplasty Group. Low accuracy of color Doppler ultrasound in the detection of proximal leg vein thrombosis in asymptomatic high-risk patients. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:735-8. Google Scholar2. Elliott CG, Suchyta M, Rose SL, Talbot S, Ford C, Raskob G, et al. Duplex ultrasonography for the detection of deep vein thrombi after total hip or knee arthroplasty. Angiology. 1993; 44:26-33. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Steven W. Merrell, MD; Clynn R. Ford, MD; Steven R. Talbot, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAuthors' replyDuplex scanning in the postoperative surveillance of patients undergoing total hip arthroplastyLower-extremity venous stasis during laparoscopic cholecystectomy as assessed using color Doppler ultrasound 1 June 1993Volume 118, Issue 11 Page: 906-907 Keywords Arthroplasty Deep vein thrombosis Doppler imaging Heparin Hip Knees Questionnaires Research laboratories Ultrasound imaging Veins ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 June 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...