tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Does single application of topical chloramphenicol to high risk sutured wounds reduce incidence of wound infection after minor surgery? Prospective randomised placebo controlled double blind trial
Authors: C. F Heal, P. G Buettner, R. Cruickshank, D. Graham, S. Browning, J. Pendergast, H. Drobetz, R. Gluer, C. Lisec
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To determine the effectiveness of a single application of topical chloramphenicol ointment in preventing wound infection after minor dermatological surgery. <b>Design</b> Prospective randomised placebo controlled double blind multicentre trial. <b>Setting</b> Primary care in a regional centre in Queensland, Australia. <b>Participants</b> 972 minor surgery patients. <b>Interventions</b> A single topical dose of chloramphenicol (n=488) or paraffin ointment (n=484; placebo). <b>Main outcome measure</b> Incidence of infection. <b>Results</b> The incidence of infection in the chloramphenicol group (6.6%; 95% confidence interval 4.9 to 8.8) was significantly lower than that in the control group (11.0%; 7.9 to 15.1) (P=0.010). The absolute reduction in infection rate was 4.4%, the relative reduction was 40%, and the relative risk of wound infection in the control group was 1.7 (95% confidence interval 1.1 to 2.5) times higher than in the intervention group. The number needed to treat was 22.8. <b>Conclusion</b> Application of a single dose of topical chloramphenicol to high risk sutured wounds after minor surgery produces a moderate absolute reduction in infection rate that is statistically but not clinically significant. <b>Trial registration</b> Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN73223053.
"STUDIES OF ROENTGENOGRAMS OF THE ACCESSORY NASAL SINUSES"
Authors: Issac Gerber
Journal: JAMA (1918)

ABSTRACT To the Editor: —In The Journal, Nov. 9, 1918, p. 1555, Dr. Max Unger of New York, in a preliminary note, describes an alleged new method for the study of the nasal accessory sinuses with the roentgen rays.As a matter of fact, this method was described very accurately by Dr. George E. Pfahler of Philadelphia, in an article published in the Laryngoscope, July, 1916. Every detail mentioned by Dr. Unger appears in Dr. Pfahler's original paper, with considerable enlargement. The only variation in the method consists in the exact size of the film that is used. Dr. Pfahler even described the possibility of cocainization of the pharynx in some hypersensitive patients. He also mentioned the advantages of the method in studying the relations of the floor of the antrum to the neighboring teeth.Since the publication of this method by Dr. Pfahler, it has been used very generally by
Introducing the 'Resident Forum'
Authors: Mark S. Litwin
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The American Medical Association Resident Physicians Section is pleased to introduce a new column, Resident Forum, in this issue ofThe Journal. This special section will appear weekly, as space permits, to provide resident physician perspectives on the unique and demanding issues that face our generation of young professionals. The resident physicians of today will be the practicing physicians of tomorrow in a medical world that is vastly different from what it was when we applied to medical school not many years ago. The onslaught of alternative health care provision mechanisms, the ongoing retrenchment of physician reimbursement, and the challenge of treating the hundreds of thousands of people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who will be diagnosed in the next decades set the stage for dramatic changes in the way we shall learn and practice medicine in the future. Communication is vital to the successful resolution of all these issues. The
Intestinal Obstruction from Impacted Antacid Tablets
Authors: David Potyk
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

THIS is a report of mechanical obstruction of the ileum from impacted antacid tablets.Regional enteritis was first diagnosed in a 26-year-old man in 1965. An upper gastrointestinal and small-bowel series revealed deformity of the duodenal cap and inflammatory changes involving the distal 30 cm of the ileum. On April 14, 1969, pain in the right lower quadrant of 4 months' duration became worse and was accompanied by heartburn. Because of recurrent epigastric burning, on May 1, he was advised to use liquid antacids. His condition deteriorated, and on May 17, he was admitted to the hospital with a palpable . . .
Relationship of Fetal Macrosomia to Maternal Postprandial Glucose Control During Pregnancy
Authors: C Andrew Combs, Erica Gunderson, John L Kitzmiller, Laurence A Gavin, Elliot K Main
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

To determine the gestational ages at which maternal hyperglycemia is most closely related to fetal macrosomia; to determine whether macrosomia is related to elevations of fasting glucose, postprandial glucose, or both; and to assess the relationship of macrosomia to maternal insulin dose and caloric intake.One hundred eleven consecutive pregnant women with Class B through RF diabetes were studied longitudinally from 13 to 36 wk gestation. Macrosomia was defined by birthweight greater than 90th percentile for gestational age based on California norms. Women who delivered macrosomic infants were compared with those without macrosomic infants on pre- and postprandial blood glucose, GHb, insulin dose, macronutrient intake, and several other maternal variables.Macrosomia occurred in 32 (29%) cases, although several measures indicated reasonable glycemic control throughout pregnancy. Women delivering macrosomic infants did not differ from those without macrosomic infants in maternal age, prepregnant weight, duration of diabetes, White class, macronutrient intake, GHb, or fasting glucose. Macrosomia was associated with higher postprandial glucose levels up to 32 wk gestation and lower insulin doses from 29 to 36 wk gestation. In multiple logistic regression, macrosomia was significantly associated with postprandial glucose only between 29 and 32 wk gestation. Postprandial glucose values less than 7.3 mM (less than 130 mg/dl) were associated with a higher risk of small-for-gestational-age infants (18%) compared with values above this level (1%).Because macrosomia was related to postprandial glucose but not fasting glucose, we conclude that postprandial glucose measurement should be a part of routine care for diabetes in pregnancy. A target 1-h postprandial glucose value of 7.3 mM (130 mg/dl) may be the level that optimally reduces the incidence of macrosomia without increasing the incidence of small-for-gestational-age infants.
SOME STUDIES IN METABOLISM OF CANCER PATIENTS AS COMPARED WITH NORMAL INDIVIDUALS.
Authors: H. H. GLOSSER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

In this paper it is proposed to review and summarize previous work on nitrogen and chlorin metabolism, and then to give in detail experiments carried out, at the suggestion and under the direction of Dr. Clowes, on a normal individual and on several cancer patients, and to compare the results of such experiments. <h3>SUMMARY OF THE PREVIOUS WORK.</h3> Much of the previous work loses in value because of the lack of accurate data recording quantities of nitrogenous food and chlorids ingested, quantity of nitrogen and chlorids excreted through the feces, body weight, etc. One very important source of error in the determination of chlorids is the change from solid to liquid food, especially the substitution of a milk diet for the normal solid food. The ratio of chlorids to proteid matter in milk is smaller than in solid food as usually consumed; hence, with milk one expects a reduced chlorid
Quantitative risk assessment of sunbeds: impact of new high power lamps
Authors: H. Oliver, J. Ferguson, H. Moseley
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article Quantitative risk assessment of sunbeds: impact of new high power lamps Get access H. Oliver, H. Oliver The Photobiology Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Ferguson, J. Ferguson The Photobiology Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Moseley H. Moseley The Photobiology Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K. Correspondence: Harry Moseley. E‐mail: h.moseley@dundee.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 157, Issue 2, 1 August 2007, Pages 350–356, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.07985.x Published: 01 August 2007
Mouse organic solute transporter α deficiency enhances renal excretion of bile acids and attenuates cholestasis
Authors: Carol J. Soroka, Albert Mennone, Lee R. Hagey, Nazzareno Ballatori, James L. Boyer
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Organic solute transporter alpha-beta (Ostα-Ostβ) is a heteromeric bile acid and sterol transporter that facilitates the enterohepatic and renal-hepatic circulation of bile acids. Hepatic expression of this basolateral membrane protein is increased in cholestasis, presumably to facilitate removal of toxic bile acids from the liver. In this study, we show that the cholestatic phenotype induced by common bile duct ligation (BDL) is reduced in mice genetically deficient in Ost α. Although Ost α−/− mice have a smaller bile acid pool size, which could explain lower serum and hepatic levels of bile acids after BDL, gallbladder bilirubin and urinary bile acid concentrations were significantly greater in Ost α−/− BDL mice, suggesting additional alternative adaptive responses. Livers of Ost α−/− mice had higher messenger RNA levels of constitutive androstane receptor (Car) than wild-type BDL mice and increased expression of Phase I enzymes ( Cyp7a1 , Cyp2b10 , Cyp3a11 ), Phase II enzymes ( Sult2a1 , Ugt1a1 ), and Phase III transporters ( Mrp2 , Mrp3 ). Following BDL, the bile acid pool size increased in Ost α−/− mice and protein levels for the hepatic basolateral membrane export transporters, multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 (Mrp3) and Mrp4, and for the apical bilirubin transporter, Mrp2, were all increased. In the kidney of Ost α−/− mice after BDL, the apical bile acid uptake transporter Asbt is further reduced, whereas the apical export transporters Mrp2 and Mrp4 are increased, resulting in a significant increase in urinary bile acid excretion. Conclusion: These findings indicate that loss of Ost α provides protection from liver injury in obstructive cholestasis through adaptive responses in both the kidney and liver that enhance clearance of bile acids into urine and through detoxification pathways most likely mediated by the nuclear receptor Car. (Hepatology 2010.)
Haemolytic-Uraemic Syndrome with Pericarditis
Authors: J. Guardia, J. M. Martinez-Vazquez, R. Bacardi
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Riot Control Agent SIR,-In your leading article (7 July, p. 5) it vws reported that an improvement on the riot control CS gas is on the way.It is code-named CR and, being of low toxicity but extremely irritant to skin, eyes, nose and throat, only very little would cause con- siderable pain and discomfort.In the article there was no expression of concern or disgust that oral LD 5 tests were done on animals to test the toxicity of the compound.If a dose of very low toxicity can cause such acute symptoms when applied to the skin and mucous membranes it seems quite possible that doses of high, lethal, toxicity, even when given by other routes, will cause severe pain and distress.Does medical ethics approve the use of animals in this way in testing substances which only our own folly have made necessary?-Iam, etc., J. D. WHITTALL Rye, Sussex Haemolytic-Uraemic Syndrome with Pericarditis SIR,-We were interested in the case re- ported by Drs.J. A. Utting and D. R. Shreeve (9 June, p. 591) of a patient with haemolytic-uraemic syndrome and pericarditis.Their statement that "no cases with prominent friction rubs due to the micro- angiopathy have previously been described" is not correct.In 1972 we reported1 a case of haemolytic-uraemic syndrome and nmicroan- giepathy in a woman with a hydatidiform mole who had a strong pericardial rub and who recovered with heparin therapy.This rub also was unrelated to uraemia.-Weare, etc.,
Chest infections in African children. Clinical signs unreliable.
Authors: T Dyke, M Manary
Journal: BMJ (1993)

ally, the quality of care suffers.The need for change is acute.The government needs to adopt flexible approaches to the delivery of health care.For instance, some clinics could be held in the evenings.Allied medical staff, who are currently underused, could share greater responsibility.We believe that direct regulation by the government of the quality of care is impractical.Rules are easier to make than to enforce.The existing medical bodies need to play a larger part.For a start, they could issue realistic guidelines on standard practice, which could serve as a bridge between local realities and recommendations by the World Health Organisation, which often seem distant.Professional registration could be made time limited and renewal contingent on a system of continuing medical education credits.In India, for instance, existing state run health insurance schemes currently restricted to state employees could be expanded with the help of the private sector.The concept of "managed care" could also be explored.2The impending changes in the Indian Consumers Act 1986 should, we hope, stimulate the growth of patient advocacy groups.3It would be best, however, for the medical profession to reform itself.
Efficacy and tolerability of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors compared with tricyclic antidepressants in depression treated in primary care: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: S. MacGillivray
Journal: BMJ (2003)

To compare the efficacy and tolerability of tricyclic antidepressants with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in depression in primary care.Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Register of the Cochrane Collaboration's depression, anxiety, and neurosis group. Reference lists of initial studies and other relevant review papers. Selected authors and experts.Studies had to meet minimum requirements on: adequacy of sample size, adequate allocation concealment, clear description of treatment, representative source of subjects, use of diagnostic criteria or clear specification of inclusion criteria, details regarding number and reasons for withdrawal by group, and outcome measures described clearly or use of validated instruments.Standardised mean difference of final mean depression scores and relative risk of response when using the clinical global impression score. Relative risk of withdrawing from treatment at any time, and the number withdrawing due to side effects.11 studies (2951 participants) compared a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor with a tricyclic antidepressant. Efficacy between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclics did not differ significantly (standardised weighted mean difference, fixed effects 0.07, 95% confidence interval -0.02 to 0.15; z=1.59, P<0.11). Significantly more patients receiving a tricyclic withdrew from treatment (relative risk 0.78, 95% confidence interval 0.68 to 0.90; z=3.37, P<0.0007) and withdrew specifically because of side effects (0.73, 0.60 to 0.88; z=3.24, P<0.001). Most studies included were small and supported by commercial funding. Many studies were of low methodological quality or did not present adequate data for analysis, or both, and were of short duration, typically six to eight weeks.The evidence on the relative efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants in primary care is sparse and of variable quality. The study setting is likely to be an important factor in assessing the efficacy and tolerability of treatment with antidepressant drugs.
Eosinophilia In Atopic Disease
Authors: Hyman L. Naterman
Journal: JAMA (1968)

To the Editor:—  In the article,  Aspects of Eosinophilia in Atopic Disease by Francis C. Lowell, MD ( 202 :875, 1967) two points require discussion.  The section Clinical Applications lists five general guides. Number three states that infection is probably absent in patients in asthmatic relapse who show eosinophilia, even when slight elevations of temperature and sedimentation rate occur with a purulent sputum containing large numbers of eosinophils. The fact that such patients may  to full doses of steroids without antibiotics is beside the point. It has been known from the initial studies with steroids that inflammation in infection may be decreased by steroids; the fact that patients so treated respond is thus no evidence that infection is absent. On the contrary, I think most clinicians would agree that elevation of temperature, however slight, and the appearance of purulent sputum with or without eosinophils, should be considered strong clinical
Screening for Drug Use
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Electrocautery in Percutaneous Liver Biopsy
Authors: Richard F. Edlich, James F. Upson, James C. Brennan
Journal: JAMA (1964)

HEMORRHAGE and bile peritonitis are the most frequent complications and chief causes of death from percutaneous needle biopsy of the liver.<sup>1</sup>Impaired coagulation and obstructive jaundice enhance the danger of severe bleeding. In an attempt to avoid liver biopsy complications in patients with coagulation defects and/or obstructive jaundice, an electrocautery attachment to a liver-biopsy needle has been designed. A quantitative and qualitative statistical analysis of the bleeding times at the electrocautery and control biopsy sites in normal dogs, dogs treated with anticoagulants and metaraminol bitartrate, and dogs with common-bile-duct ligation, demonstrated that the electrocautery modification significantly reduced bleeding. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> A standard Silverman liver-biopsy needle with a thin Teflon sheath surrounding all but the distal I cm of the cannula was used. A conducting terminal soldered to the needle handle was connected to the electrocautery ( Bovie Model CSV) by a wire. Coagulation current with a power control setting
Avidin-based targeting and purification of a protein IX-modified, metabolically biotinylated adenoviral vector
Authors: Samuel K. Campos, M.Brandon Parrott, Michael A. Barry
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

While genetic modification of adenoviral vectors can produce vectors with modified tropism, incorporation of targeting peptides/proteins into the structural context of the virion can also result in destruction of ligand targeting or virion integrity. To combat this problem, we have developed a versatile targeting system using metabolically biotinylated adenoviral vectors bearing biotinylated fiber proteins. These vectors have been demonstrated to be useful as a platform for avidin-based ligand screening and vector targeting by conjugating biotinylated ligands to the virus using high-affinity tetrameric avidin (Kd = 10−15 M). The biotinylated vector could also be purified by biotin-reversible binding on monomeric avidin (Kd = 10−7 M). In this report, a second metabolically biotinylated adenovirus vector, Ad-IX-BAP, has been engineered by fusing a biotin acceptor peptide (BAP) to the C-terminus of the adenovirus pIX protein. This biotinylated vector displays twice as many biotins and was markedly superior for single-step affinity purification on monomeric avidin resin. However, unlike the fiber-biotinylated vector, Ad-IX-BAP failed to retarget to cells with biotinylated antibodies including anti-CD71 against the transferrin receptor. In contrast, Ad-IX-BAP was retargeted if transferrin, the cognate ligand for CD71, was used as a ligand rather than the anti-CD71. This work demonstrates the utility of metabolic biotinylation as a molecular screening tool to assess the utility of different viral capsid proteins for ligand display and the biology and compatibility of different ligands and receptors for vector targeting applications. These results also demonstrate the utility of the pIX-biotinylated vector as a platform for gentle single-step affinity purification of adenoviral vectors.
Anticonvulsant and anesthetic effects of a fluorescent neurosteroid analog activated by visible light
Authors: Lawrence N Eisenman, Hong-Jin Shu, Gustav Akk, Cunde Wang, Brad D Manion, Geraldine J Kress, Alex S Evers, Joe Henry Steinbach, Douglas F Covey, Charles F Zorumski, Steven Mennerick
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2007)
Two new tests for chlamydia get quick results without culture
Authors: Lois Wingerson
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Two simple new tests to detect<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>are springing onto the market virtually at once. They promise an end to an era when most physicians ignored the preponderant venereal disease-causing organism in the United States because there was no practical way to detect it. The microorganism survives only inside living cells, and the culture techniques for keeping it alive are technically demanding. One new test uses a special solution to break down cell walls of epithelial cells and employs antibodies that detect chlamydia group antigens on the surface of the exposed organisms or the extracellular elementary bodies—dead or alive— with techniques now routine in research laboratories. This enzyme-linked immunoassay, the first test to emerge, was devised by Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, Ill, and is in limited distribution. Close on its heels is a competing method—just approved for marketing by the Food and Drug Administration—that detects the organism with a