tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lentivirus-mediated Wnt11 Gene Transfer Enhances Cardiomyogenic Differentiation of Skeletal Muscle-derived Stem Cells
Authors: Guosheng Xiang, Qing Yang, Bing Wang, Naosumi Sekiya, Xiaodong Mu, Ying Tang, Chien-Wen Chen, Masaho Okada, James Cummins, Burhan Gharaibeh, Johnny Huard
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Wnt signaling plays a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and inducing cardiomyogenesis. Skeletal muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) have been shown to be multipotent; however, their potential to aid in the healing of the heart after myocardial infarction appears to be due to the paracrine effects they impart on the host environment. The goal of this study was to investigate whether Wnt11 could promote the differentiation of MDSCs into cardiomyocytes and enhance the repair of infarcted myocardium. MDSCs transduced with a lentivirus encoding for Wnt11 increased mRNA and protein expression of the early cardiac markers NK2 transcription factor related 5 (NKx2.5) and Connexin43 (Cx43) and also led to an increased expression of late-stage cardiac markers including: α, β-myosin heavy chain (MHC) and brain natriuretic protein (BNP) at the mRNA level, and MHC and Troponin I (TnI) at the protein level. We also observed that Wnt11 expression significantly enhanced c-jun N-terminal kinase activity in transduced MDSCs, and that some of the cells beat spontaneously but are not fully differentiated cardiomyocytes. Finally, lentivirus-Wnt11-transduced MDSCs showed greater survival and cardiac differentiation after being transplanted into acutely infarct-injured myocardium. These findings could one day lead to strategies that could be utilized in cardiomyoplasty treatments of myocardial infarction.
What do hospital admission rates say about primary care?
Authors: R. Jankowski
Journal: BMJ (1999)

General practice pp 94, 98

In its white paper on the English NHS the government has emphasised the need for an accountability framework against which to measure its objectives. A consultation document has suggested that health authorities should use performance indicators such as hospital admission rates as a measure of the quality of primary care.1 Yet two papers in this week's BMJ cast further doubt on hospital admission rates as a good measure of general practice performance.

In the United States high hospital admission rates for chronic diseases like asthma, hypertension, congestive cardiac failure, chronic obstructive airways disease, and diabetes have been associated with lack of access to a primary care physician.2 In the United Kingdom substantial variation exists in admission rates among both health authorities 3 and general practices.4 Variation in general practitioner referral rates is correlated with subsequent variation in elective admissions.5 Given the continuing rise of both elective and emergency admissions in the United …
MEDICAL SPECIALISM, WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO PROCTOLOGY.
Authors: LEWIS H. ADLER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

<h3>THE GENERAL PRACTITIONER AND THE SPECIALIST.</h3> In this age of commercialism the struggle for existence is of the keenest. This condition exists in both the business world and in professional life, but especially so in the latter. Is it strange, therefore, that the general medical practitioner looks in awe and wonder at the growth of the specialist and the multiplication of the specialties and asks himself: What is to become of the family doctor? Or: Has my position become that merely of an intelligence office, where the general public can obtain information as to suitable specialists for the treatment of eye, ear, nose, throat, stomach, heart, lung, kidney, liver, or other troubles? Assuming, for the purpose of argument, that the objections urged against specialism in medicine are well founded, what would be the result if it were possible to abolish the specialist? Would the best interest of medicine thereby be
Erratum: Corrigendum: CD4+ T cell lineage integrity is controlled by the histone deacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC2
Authors: Nicole Boucheron, Roland Tschismarov, Lisa Goeschl, Mirjam A Moser, Sabine Lagger, Shinya Sakaguchi, Mircea Winter, Florian Lenz, Dijana Vitko, Florian P Breitwieser, Lena Müller, Hammad Hassan, Keiryn L Bennett, Jacques Colinge, Wolfgang Schreiner, Takeshi Egawa, Ichiro Taniuchi, Patrick Matthias, Christian Seiser, Wilfried Ellmeier
Journal: Nature Immunology (2014)
Current Progress in Sterilization of Air
Authors: S. Mudd
Journal: BMJ (1944)

The prevention and control of acute disease of the respira- tory tract is the most serious problem and at the same time the most urgent challenge that to-day confronts medicine in general and industrial medicine in particular.Although diseases and injuries of occupational origin have long claimed the chief interest and attention of physicians in industry, it is now well established and generally recognized that in their frequency and importance non-occupational diseases far outweigh those conditions which arise from industry.The latter are thiefly responsible for stupendous losses in both time and money to employer and employee alike."
Opposing roles of polycomb repressive complexes in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Ian J. Majewski, Matthew E. Ritchie, Belinda Phipson, Jason Corbin, Miha Pakusch, Anja Ebert, Meinrad Busslinger, Haruhiko Koseki, Yifang Hu, Gordon K. Smyth, Warren S. Alexander, Douglas J. Hilton, Marnie E. Blewitt
Journal: Blood (2010)
Changing Therapy for Gallstone Disease
Authors: Lawrence W. Way
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Almost two decades have passed since Danziger and his coworkers at the Mayo Clinic reported that the primary bile acid chenodeoxycholic acid could dissolve cholesterol gallstones in humans when given orally for six months.1 After the accumulation of additional experience, a large, multicenter, randomized trial — the National Cooperative Gallstone Study —was conducted in the United States to determine the efficacy and safety of this agent as a clinical treatment for gallstones. The results, published in 1981, verified the claim that chenodeoxycholic acid (now known as chenodiol) could eliminate gallstones in selected patients, but even though therapy was restricted to . . .
Identification of high- and low-risk patients before liver transplantation: A prospective cohort study of nutritional and metabolic parameters in 150 patients
Authors: O Selberg, J Bottcher, G Tusch, R Pichlmayr, E Henkel, M J Muller
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The clinical relevance of malnutrition and hypermetabolism in end-stage liver disease, as well as their effects on survival after liver transplantation (LTx), are largely unknown. This study investigates the prognostic value of nutritional and metabolic parameters obtained before LTx for survival after LTx. One hundred fifty patients with end-stage liver disease undergoing LTx were assessed prospectively and followed for a mean period of 46 +/- 16 months after LTx. All patients were randomized into a study group and a validation group, each comprising 75 patients. Body composition analysis (24-hour urinary creatinine excretion, anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis), deviation of measured from predicted resting energy expenditure (deltaREE), year of transplantation, and several variables known to be of prognostic relevance in patients with liver disease undergoing conservative treatment were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier and log rank analysis showed that hypermetabolic patients (deltaREE > +20%) and patients with a body cell mass (BCM) < 35% of body weight tended to have reduced survival after LTx. A risk profile on the basis of deltaREE and BCM identified patients with high risk (5-year survival rate, 54%) and low risk (5-year survival rate, 88%; P < .01). The predictive power of this risk profile was independent of the presence of ascites and clinical edema, and its validity was confirmed in the validation group (P < .01). The Child-Pugh score was not of prognostic value. We conclude that a poor nutritional state, as well as hypermetabolism, adversely affects survival after LTx. These potentially treatable presurgical factors deserve close attention in interventional studies.
Cancer care in the United Kingdom: new solutions are needed
Authors: K. Sikora
Journal: BMJ (2003)

An extra £1.26bn has been spent on UK cancer services in the past three years. So why haven't we seen greater improvements in quality of care? 

The NHS cancer plan was born out of major deficiencies in care going back three decades. Doing something for cancer became a political imperative after the Eurocare-2 study showed that the United Kingdom was low in the league table of five year survival for several common cancers.1 From a system with glaring equipment deficits, staff shortages, and gross inequity in use of high cost drugs, the cancer plan created an infrastructure for change based on a classic public sector model.2 Although the strategy is excellent, the plan has only partially fulfilled its ambitions because of problems such as local inertia, divergence of priorities, and the inability to resolve severe professional staff shortages.

The NHS cancer plan identified the need for fast, convenient, high quality care with patients at the centre.3 It set out the actions and milestones to deliver the fastest improvement anywhere in Europe within five years based on a massive injection of funding. It included three major commitments:

Several hundred new administrative staff have been appointed to re-engineer the journey of cancer patients. But this has not been followed by an increase in clinical capacity because of staffing shortages and the lack of a uniform information technology platform to ensure smooth patient flow and good quality control. A review of the 34 cancer networks shows considerable variation in uptake of new money for cancer, with 10 networks spending less than 80% and three …
Computed Tomography for the Evaluation of Thoracic Masses in Children
Authors: Susan B. Shurin
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Large chest masses in two young children were evaluated using thoracic computed tomography (CT). Air was identified within the mass four days before it was visible on the plain roentgenograms in one patient. Rapid injection of contrast material with CT scanning demonstrated that the pulmonary blood flow passed through the mass, instead of being displaced by it, in the other child. Thus, both lesions were identified as originating in the pulmonary parenchyma rather than in the mediastinum. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:65-67)
Cross talks between the immune and lymphatic endothelial cells regulate inflammatory lymph node lymphangiogenesis: defining a new therapeutic approach
Authors: Sonia Elhadad
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts The lymphatic system serves as the primary route for the metastasis of many cancers and the extent of lymphangiogenesis involvement is the most important indicator of tumor aggressiveness. Despite the apparent importance of the lymphatic vessels for tumor dissemination, it has
The Community-Medicine Specialist — Britain Mandates Health Service Reorganization
Authors: George A. Silver
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

IT now seems fairly certain that in April, 1974, the British National Health Service will have a new face — a prospect that calls forth exclamations of delight from friends and foes alike. To the friends, who see the British National Health Service as a dynamic social program, it is never "finished" and always becoming. This reformation, 25 years after its inception, is therefore in keeping with the concept of changing with the lessons learned. To its enemies, the reform vindicates previous criticism, and they hope that the "socializers" have learned their lesson and will go back to business at . . .
Early gastrostomy reduces the rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia in stroke or head injury patients
Authors: E. Kostadima
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

Presence of a nasogastric tube is a risk factor for the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Alternatively, gastrostomy can be used for administration of enteral feedings. To determine whether early performance of gastrostomy affects frequency of VAP, a randomised, controlled study was carried out in patients mechanically ventilated for stroke or head injury. In the gastrostomy group, patients underwent the procedure within 24 h of intubation. A nasogastric tube was inserted in controls. Individual subjects were studied for 3 weeks. In total, 20 subjects (mean age 48±15.2 yrs) were allocated to the gastrostomy group, and 21 to the control group (46.6±15.4 yrs). Of these groups, two (10%) and eight (38.1%) developed VAP, respectively. Four patients with gastrostomy and three controls did not complete the study (due to weaning from ventilatory support or death). After excluding these subjects, difference in VAP frequency persisted: two out of 16 subjects with gastrostomy had VAP (12.5%) <i>versus</i> eight out of 18 controls (44.4%). There were no differences in duration of hospitalisation or mortality between the two groups. In conclusion, in patients mechanically ventilated for stroke or head injury early gastrostomy is associated with a lower frequency of ventilator-associated pneumonia compared with a nasogastric tube.
Cardiovascular and Somatic Reflexes in Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Thomas Baum, Marvin E. Rosenthale, Allen T. Shropshire, Louis Datko
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats is characterized by flaccid hindlimb paralysis, urinary incontinence and fecal impaction. Somatic and cardiovascular reflexes were studied in these animals. At varying degrees of stretch of the gastrocnemius-soleus-plantaris group of muscles or of the anterior tibial muscle, stimulation of the sciatic nerve increased the isometric tension of these muscles similarly in normal and paralyzed rats. Reflex contraction of the anterior tibial muscle was produced in normal rats by posterior tibial nerve stimulation. This response was completely blocked in paralyzed rats. Stimulation of the central end of the ligated sciatic nerve at various parameters reduced blood pressure. The magnitude of this effect was less in the paralyzed group. Although vasoconstriction in the perfused hindquarters resulting from bilateral stimulation of the cervical vagus was also reduced in paralyzed rats, the response to lumbar sympathetic chain stimulation was the same in both groups. Thus, in EAE the peripheral nerve-muscle elements in blood vessels and the skeletal muscle responded normally but effects requiring the participation of the central nervous system were depressed.
Pertuzumab, Trastuzumab and Chemotherapy in Her2-Positive Metastatic Gastric or Gastro-Oesophageal Junction Cancer: an International Phase III Study (Jacob)
Authors: Paulo Hoff, Josep Tabernero, Lin Shen, Atsushi Ohtsu, Ron Yu, Tania Szado, Yoon-Koo Kang
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Comparing healthcare outcomes
Authors: C Orchard
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Governments are increasingly concerned to compare the quality and effectiveness of healthcare interventions but find this a complex matter. Crude hospital statistics can be dangerously misleading and need adjusting for case mix, but identifying and weighting the patient characteristics which affect prognosis are problematical for conceptual, methodological, and practical reasons. These include the inherently uncertain nature of prognosis itself and the practical difficulties of collecting and quantifying data on the outcomes of interest for specific healthcare interventions and known risk factors such as severity.
Early detection of prostate cancer. Serendipity strikes again
Authors: M. McNaughton Collins
Journal: JAMA (1997)

An underappreciated characteristic of prostate cancer screening is that it may detect some prostate cancers solely by serendipity or chance. Serendipity, previously described in the detection of colonic neoplasms, could affect prostate cancer detection when a screening test result is abnormal for reasons other than the presence of prostate cancer, but prostate cancer is coincidentally detected during the subsequent evaluation of the abnormal screening result. We reviewed published articles about prostate cancer screening, searching for evidence of serendipity. We defined serendipity in digital rectal examination (DRE) screening as the discovery of a prostate cancer by the random biopsy of an area of the prostate gland other than the palpable suspicious area that prompted the biopsy. We defined serendipity in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening as the discovery of a prostate cancer by the random biopsy of a nonpalpable (stage T1c) prostate cancer less than 1.0 cm3 in volume, since tumors less than 1.0 cm3 are generally too small to cause elevated PSA levels. We found that serendipity may be responsible for the detection of more than one quarter of apparently DRE-detected prostate cancers and up to one quarter of apparently PSA-detected cancers. Additionally, serendipity played a larger role in the detection of smaller tumors that are common but of uncertain clinical significance. We conclude that serendipity-detected prostate cancers contribute to an overestimation of the true information value of DRE and PSA screening. Whether serendipity is advantageous in prostate cancer screening depends on the as yet uncertain outcomes for men with smaller prostate cancers. However, given our estimates of the potential magnitude of the impact of serendipity, the currently popular DRE- and PSA-based screening strategy may not be optimal. If smaller prostate cancers are important, then we are not finding enough; if they are unimportant, then we are finding too many that we may feel compelled to treat aggressively.
Liver-function Tests during Intake of Contraceptive Tablets in Premenopausal Women
Authors: A. Eisalo, P. A. Jarvinen, T. Luukkainen
Journal: BMJ (1965)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Pentraxins are a superfamily of multifunctional conserved proteins, some of which are components of the humoral arm of innate immunity and behave as functional ancestors of antibodies. They are divided into short (C reactive protein) and long pentraxins (pentraxin 3; PTX3). We investigated the diagnostic values of systematic arterial and coronary sinus (PTX3) in developing prediction models for estimating pretest probability of coronary artery disease (CAD) among an intermediate-risk population of patients with chronic stable angina. <h3>Design</h3> Cross-sectional analysis. <h3>Setting</h3> Referral cardiology hospital. <h3>Participants</h3> Patients with chronic stable angina, without evidence of previous CAD if they were referred for angiography. <h3>Main outcome measures</h3> All participants underwent diagnostic angiography. Prevalence rate ratio (PRR) of angiographically-determined coronary artery stenosis was separately examined in association with coronary sinus and femoral artery PTX3 concentrations using a general linear model. Duke treadmill score (DTS) was derived from the results of treadmill exercise cardiac stress testing. PTX3 data were collected in 100 patients with DTS-determined intermediate-risk chronic stable angina (aged 56.1 (1.1) years, 51 female). <h3>Results</h3> Both coronary sinus (PRR: 2.33, 95% CIs 1.64 to 3.31) and femoral artery PTX3 (PRR: 2.09, 95% CIs 1.46 to 2.97) independently predicted the prevalence rate of coronary artery involved with stenosis independent of the established CAD risk factors. Femoral artery PTX3 was highly correlated with coronary sinus PTX3 (β=0.8, 95% CIs 0.66 to 0.94; p value&lt;0.001). When we added femoral artery PTX3 to the predictive models incorporating traditional CAD risk factors, net reclassification improvement indices were 40% (cutpoint-free) and 15% (cutpoint-based). In the presence of PTX3, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was no longer protective against CAD. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Gathering information on systemic arterial PTX3 may help more accurately reclassify DTS-determined patients with intermediate-risk chronic stable angina into more appropriate risk categories. PTX3 possibly, at least in part, mediates the protective effect on CAD of HDL-C.
Blood Pressure Studies Among American and Foreign-Born Students
Authors: NÁNDOR SZENT-GYÖRGYI
Journal: Circulation (1956)

The relation of hypertension to race, sex, environment, and geographic origin in a young adult population is analyzed. Of the 3508 university students, 6.7 per cent were hypertensive. Among American men and women the incidence was 8.1 per cent and 3.1 per cent, respectively. The incidence of hypertension in all racial groups is significantly higher among American-born than among foreign-born males. After 10 years of residence in the United States, foreign-born students have the same high incidence of hypertension as those born in the United States and Canada. Detailed study is presented regarding the incidence of hypertension in different age groups among American and foreign-born white, Negro and Asian students.
A BAFF-R mutation associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma alters TRAF recruitment and reveals new insights into BAFF-R signaling
Authors: Joanne M. Hildebrand, Zhenghua Luo, Michelle K. Manske, Tammy Price-Troska, Steven C. Ziesmer, Wai Lin, Bruce S. Hostager, Susan L. Slager, Thomas E. Witzig, Stephen M. Ansell, James R. Cerhan, Gail A. Bishop, Anne J. Novak
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2010)

The cytokine B cell activating factor (BAFF) and its receptor, BAFF receptor (BAFF-R), modulate signaling cascades critical for B cell development and survival. We identified a novel mutation in TNFRSF13C, the gene encoding human BAFF-R, that is present in both tumor and germline tissue from a subset of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This mutation encodes a His159Tyr substitution in the cytoplasmic tail of BAFF-R adjacent to the TRAF3 binding motif. Signaling through this mutant BAFF-R results in increased NF-κB1 and NF-κB2 activity and increased immunoglobulin production compared with the wild-type (WT) BAFF-R. This correlates with increased TRAF2, TRAF3, and TRAF6 recruitment to His159Tyr BAFF-R. In addition, we document a requirement for TRAF6 in WT BAFF-R signaling. Together, these data identify a novel lymphoma-associated mutation in human BAFF-R that results in NF-κB activation and reveals TRAF6 as a necessary component of normal BAFF-R signaling.
The Face of Mercy: A Photographic History of Medicine at War
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Seventy-five years ago (one of the essays accompanying this book's dramatic photographs points out), poet Wilfred Owen—shortly before his own death in World War I—denounced "the old lie: Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori." Nor, these photos and essays make clear, is it any more sweet to be wounded or made ill by war. (The Latin phrase is attributed to another poet, Quintus Horatius Flaccus [65-8 BC]—the mellow "Horace" of Sabine Farm—who may have considered it agreeable to die for one's country because he wasn't called upon to do so while a Roman legionnaire.) Indeed, as one of this book's contributors, Pulitzer Prize—winning author William Styron, concludes in the prologue: "Amid war's mad incomprehensibility it is perhaps best that we regard medicine, and the face of mercy that it presents, as the only saving grace." From 25-century-old engravings to photos as recent as this fall's combat in Somalia, the