tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ronald Rodger Gordon
Authors: J. Dewhurst
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Ronald Gordon had a brilliant war record and a distinguished career in paediatrics. During the evacuation of the British Expeditionary Force from Dunkirk his bravery in amputating the leg of a badly wounded soldier in the street, during extremely heavy dive bombing attacks and without cover of any kind, gained him the Military Cross. In Tunisia his battalion suffered many casualties; he went forward under heavy fire to tend the wounded and conduct them back to British lines, for which action he received a bar to his MC. Later, at Arnhem, he volunteered to remain behind to look after the wounded knowing that, by so doing, he would be captured.​captured.




Figure 1




As a consultant paediatrician at the City General Hospital in Sheffield, he created a model premature baby unit as well as a unit for adolescent patients, who were regarded as individuals in their own right rather than just part of a children's ward. He also made a detailed study of intersexuality and cowrote a book, The Intersexual Disorders, which was notable for the study of 21 patients who were reregistered as the opposite sex from that in which they had been placed at birth.

Later he was additionally appointed as a consultant to the Sheffield Children's Hospital. He made several visits to Libya to advise on developments there and he was once summoned to the tent of Colonel Gadaffi, whose son had fallen ill.

Predeceased by his wife, Barbara, he leaves two children.

Ronald Rodger Gordon, former consultant paediatrician Sheffield (b 1914; q Glasgow 1937; MC, MD, FRCP), d 6 March 2003.
Randomization of Human Subjects
Authors: John P. Gilbert
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

It may be accepted as a maxim that a poorly or improperly designed study involving human subjects — one that could not possibly yield scientific facts (that is, reproducible observations) relevant to the question under study — is by definition unethical.1 If one accepts this maxim one must also accept that the design and analysis of clinical investigations should be as effective as possible either in reducing the number of people at risk or in increasing the strength of the conclusions. Dr. Weinstein (page 1278) discusses many of the technical issues involved in the use of decision theory and statistics . . .
Azathioprine treatment photosensitizes human skin to ultraviolet A radiation
Authors: C.M. Perrett, S.L. Walker, P. O’Donovan, J. Warwick, C.A. Harwood, P. Karran, J.M. McGregor
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Azathioprine is used to treat a variety of conditions and to prevent graft rejection in organ transplant recipients (OTRs).To investigate clinically our previous finding that azathioprine metabolites interact with ultraviolet (UV) A radiation to form promutagenic oxidative DNA damage and to determine whether this may be causal or contributory to the development of excess skin cancers post-transplantation.The clinical corollary of these data were investigated. Five patients were recruited and the minimal erythema dose (MED) for UVB, UVA and solar-simulated radiation (SSR) was determined for each person before, and at least 12 weeks after, starting azathioprine therapy.In all five patients azathioprine treatment was associated with an increased UVA and SSR sensitivity of the skin and a significant reduction in MEDs for UVA and SSR. We found no change in UVB-induced erythema or MED. In addition, we found that DNA from the skin of patients on azathioprine contains 6-thioguanine (6-TG).Our findings confirm the presence of DNA 6-TG in the skin of those taking therapeutic doses of azathioprine and provide support for the hypothesis that DNA damage occurs when DNA 6-TG interacts with UVA, resulting in abnormal cutaneous photosensitivity.
Immune complex hyperlipidemia induced by an apolipoprotein-reactive immunoglobulin A paraprotein from a patient with multiple myeloma. Characterization of this immunoglobulin.
Authors: L L Kilgore, B W Patterson, D M Parenti, W R Fisher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

An antibodylike paraprotein has been isolated from a patient with multiple myeloma and autoimmune hyperlipoproteinemia. The paraprotein bound to apolipoprotein B (apo B)-containing lipoproteins that formed macromolecular aggregates, and globules thought to be aggregated complexes of lipoproteins and reactive immunoglobulins were observed circulating within the retinal blood vessels of this patient. This binding specificity permitted purification of the paraprotein from both the agglutinated immune complexes and from the plasma. The protein is an IgA, kappa-immunoglobulin which exists primarily in a polymeric state. Capillary immunoprecipitation demonstrated reactivity with very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and low density proteins (LDL), but not with high density lipoproteins (HDL). Delipidated apo B and apo E, but not apo A or apo C, formed precipitates with this immunoglobulin. In using a radioimmunoassay format, the affinity of the immunoglobulin was greatest for VLDL and decreases sequentially for intermediate density lipoproteins and LDL. No binding occurred with a dispersion of LDL lipids or with HDL. Deglycosylation did not change the binding to LDL. The apolipoproteins B and E bound with similar affinity, but no binding occurred with apo A-I or apo A-II. Weak binding appeared to occur with apo C. This paraprotein immunoprecipitated apo B-containing lipoproteins from all classes of vertebrates tested. Displacement of the lipids of LDL by Triton X-100 resulted in the formation of an apo B-Triton complex which, however, did not bind to the immunoglobulin; apparently the binding site on apo B was lost. Upon enzymatic digestion with the IgA-specific protease from Streptococcus sanguis the immunoglobulin was cleaved into Fc and Fab fragments, and the binding of LDL occurred only with the latter, consistent with the behavior of an immunoglobulin. The immunoreactivity of this paraprotein with apo B and apo E raises the interesting possibility that it may be binding to a site on these apolipoproteins which is reactive with the apo B, E receptor of the plasma membrane, a site which is conserved throughout the vertebrate phylum.
Abstract 3387: Characterization of the role of the type 2C phosphatase Ppm1d (Wip1) in metastasis
Authors: Heng-Hong Li, Qian Yang, Yi-wen Wang, Suzie Chen, Albert J. Fornace
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Ppm1d (Wip1) is a member of the magnesium-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase family, and is considered to be an oncogene. Previous work from our lab showed that Ppm1d null mice were remarkably more resistant to oncogene driven mammary tumorigenesis. In human tumors, PPM1D amplification and overexpression are observed in multiple tumor types. In addition PPM1D amplification has often been associated with poorer prognosis than the counterpart with normal PPM1D level. Overexpression of Ppm1d in mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) and in transgenic mice showed enhanced cell transformation and accelerated cancer progress. However it remains to be determined whether Ppm1d facilitates the metastasis processes. In order to address this question our lab generated a cross strain of Wip1 null and Grm1 trangenic mice. Grm1 Tg is a well-characterized mouse model for melanoma and the mice with the Grm1 transgene develop metastasis of melanoma with high frequency. Ppm1d deficiency dramatically reduced the metastasis in Grm1 Tg mice. We observed less migration efficiency in the melanoma cells with Ppm1d gene knock-down. We are investigating the known Ppm1d downstream pathways and also other signaling events to determine the potential mechanism(s). We are also extending the study to another tumor type system to determine if the pro-metastatic effect of Ppm1d is melanoma specific or not. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3387.
Atypical mycobacterial infection, starvation and effect of BCG vaccination on tuberculin skin test
Authors: M-S Jalba
Journal: Thorax (2003)

<h3>Background</h3> Speeding involvement has been reported to be as high as nearly 80% of all traffic crashes on national highways in Thailand. It was found that young drivers tend to drive faster and have higher risk of road crashes than other age group of drivers<i>.</i> Thus, it is necessary to understand the reason of speeding in the group of young drivers by examining their intention to speed and their driving behaviours. <h3>Objectives</h3> This paper attempts to understand young drivers9 speeding behaviour by using the Theory of Planned behaviour (TPB) and additional variables that are related to speeding behaviour, in the context of Thailand. <h3>Methods</h3> Self-report survey was conducted on 800 college student drivers who intend to drive exceeding the speed limit, and tend to have higher record for speeding-related accidents. <h3>Results/Outcome</h3> The results show that young drivers9 speeding behaviour appears to be affected by perceived behavioural control, past behaviour, personal norms, intention to speed, affective and evaluative attitude towards compliance with speed limit, and social support. Furthermore, the effect of socio-economic characteristics and the vehicle usage such as gender, age, income level, university type, and location of university etc were significant factors to report that young drivers are more likely to be speeding offenders. Interestingly, racing movies and racing also make important predictors to influence drivers to drive exceeding the speed limit. <h3>Significance/Contribution to the Field</h3> The results of this study can be used to suggest the need for implementing more effective countermeasure to control speeding behaviour of young drivers.
Effects of Intra-arterial and Intravenous Epinephrine on Disappearance of Nal <sup>131</sup> from Calf Muscle and on Calf Blood Flow
Authors: JAY D. COFFMAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1963)

The effects of intra-arterial and intravenous infusions of epinephrine on total blood flow in the calf and on capillary blood flow in calf muscle were determined in human subjects rising venous occlusion plethysmography and radioisotope disappearance rates respectively. The two technics usually demonstrated similar changes with both intravenous and intraarterial routes of administration. Since intravenous epinephrine affected the radioisotope disappearance rates, the hypothesis that epinephrine acts on arteriovenous shunts alone does not appear to apply in these experiments. Intra-arterial epinephrine often produced a sustained increase in blood flow similar to that produced by intravenous epinephrine, indicating that the initial and sustained actions could be explained by local effects of the agent. These studies also add further support for using the radioisotope disappearance rate as a qualitative measure of skeletal muscle blood flow.
Alopecia and Amphetamine Use-Reply
Authors: Virginia C. Fiedler
Journal: JAMA (1988)

In Reply.—  I would like to thank Dr Voron for citing two references in which diffuse scalp hair thinning such as that seen in female androgenic alopecia or telogen effuvium was present in women using amphetamines. Diffuse alopecia of this type is clearly distinct from the total hair loss of severe alopecia areata variants that was described in the original question addressed to my attention; therefore, I do not think a cause-effect relationship between the long-term use of amphetamines and the more recent development of alopecia in that case is at issue. In addition, it would be difficult to draw the conclusion from the references cited that amphetamines can be responsible for diffuse scalp hair thinning. Eckert et al 1 found that three of 150 women with this diffuse pattern of hair loss were taking amphetamines. No evidence was given to indicate a temporal relationship between the onset or discontinuation
Review: Supervised withdrawal plus other interventions reduces benzodiazepine use in older persons
Authors: Gregory A. Hinrichsen, Rosanne M. Leipzig
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Source Citation Gould RL, Coulson MC, Patel N, Highton-Williamson E, Howard RJ. Interventions for reducing benzodiazepine use in older people: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;204:98-107. 24493654
Chronic hepatitis B in children and adolescents
Authors: Massimiliano Paganelli, Xavier Stephenne, Etienne M. Sokal
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still one of the most important causes of liver disease, with 2billion people infected worldwide and more than 600,000 deaths each year, caused in 94% of cases by chronic infection-related cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [1–3]. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates more than 360million persons being chronic carriers worldwide (6% of the world population). The incidence of HBV infection has been declining over the last two decades thanks to the introduction of universal immunization programs and the implementation of blood-donor screening.
Murine cirrhosis induces hepatocyte epithelial mesenchymal transition and alterations in survival signaling pathways
Authors: Takashi Nitta, Jae-Sung Kim, Dagmara Mohuczy, Kevin E. Behrns
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Abstract Hepatocytes that reside in a chronically-injured liver have altered growth responses compared to hepatocytes in normal liver. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) is upregulated in the cirrhotic liver, and cirrhotic hepatocytes, unlike normal hepatocytes exposed to this cytokine, exhibit decreased apoptosis. In fetal hepatocytes, TGFβ also induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and signaling changes in cell survival pathways. Here, chronic murine liver injury was induced by twice-weekly carbon tetrachloride administration for 8 weeks. Normal liver-derived hepatocytes (NLDH) and cirrhotic liver-derived hepatocytes (CLDH) were examined for EMT and the small mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (Smad), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K/Akt), and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways were investigated. Immunofluorescence imaging of cirrhotic livers demonstrated increased vimentin expression, which was confirmed by immunoblot analysis. In vitro , CLDH exhibited increased vimentin and type 1 collagen expression within cellular extensions consistent with EMT. Treatment with TGFβ augmented the EMT response in CLDH. In contrast, untreated NLDH did not display features of EMT but responded to TGFβ with increased vimentin expression and EMT characteristics. In response to PI3K/Akt inhibition, CLDH had decreased basal and insulin-stimulated p-Akt expression and decreased apoptosis compared to NLDH. In both NLDH and CLDH, vimentin expression was dependent on PI3K/Akt activity. CLDH demonstrated increased basal p-extracellular signal-regulated kinase expression that was independent of Smad and PI3K/Akt signaling. Inhibition of the MAPK pathway produced a marked increase in CLDH apoptosis. Conclusion: CLDH have increased vimentin and type 1 collagen expression and morphologic features consistent with EMT. In addition, compared to NLDH, the cellular signaling phenotype of CLDH changes from a MAPK-independent pathway to a MAPK-dependent cell survival pathway. These findings may have clinical implications for chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in the cirrhotic liver. (Hepatology 2008.)
Amyloid Arthritis Associated with Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia
Authors: Leonard S. Goldberg, Robert Fisher, Elia A. Castronova, John J. Calabro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

WALDENSTRöM's macroglobulinemia, unlike other lymphoproliferative disorders, is rarely associated with amyloidosis. Only 11 cases of macroglobulinemia and amyloidosis have been reported,1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 none with amyloid involvement of the joints. This report describes a case of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia with such extensive amyloid infiltration of the synovia that the presenting signs and symptoms mimicked those of rheumatoid arthritis.Case ReportG.S., a 72-year-old man, was admitted to the Wadsworth Veterans Administration Hospital complaining of stiffness of the hands for the previous 6 months. For 3 months before admission, he noted progressive loss of joint motion, primarily of the knees and shoulders and painful . . .
Long noncoding RNA, CCDC26, controls myeloid leukemia cell growth through regulation of KIT expression
Authors: Tetsuo Hirano, Ryoko Yoshikawa, Hironori Harada, Yuka Harada, Atsuhiko Ishida, Takeshi Yamazaki
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2015)

Accumulating evidence suggests that some long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in certain diseases, such as cancer. The lncRNA, CCDC26, is related to childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) because its copy number is altered in AML patients.We found that CCDC26 transcripts were abundant in the nuclear fraction of K562 human myeloid leukemia cells. To examine the function of CCDC26, gene knockdown (KD) was performed using short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), and four KD clones, in which CCDC26 expression was suppressed to 1% of its normal level, were isolated. This down-regulation included suppression of CCDC26 intron-containing transcripts (the CCDC26 precursor mRNA), indicating that transcriptional gene suppression (TGS), not post-transcriptional suppression, was occurring. The shRNA targeting one of the two CCDC26 splice variants also suppressed the other splice variant, which is further evidence for TGS. Growth rates of KD clones were reduced compared with non-KD control cells in media containing normal or high serum concentrations. In contrast, enhanced growth rates in media containing much lower serum concentrations and increased survival periods after serum withdrawal were observed for KD clones. DNA microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction screening for differentially expressed genes between KD clones and non-KD control cells revealed significant up-regulation of the tyrosine kinase receptor, KIT, hyperactive mutations of which are often found in AML. Treatment of KD clones with ISCK03, a KIT-specific inhibitor, eliminated the increased survival of KD clones in the absence of serum.We suggest that CCDC26 controls growth of myeloid leukemia cells through regulation of KIT expression. A KIT inhibitor might be an effective treatment against the forms of AML in which CCDC26 is altered.
Effects of Antiandrogen Treatment on the Sexuality of Women with Hyperandrogenism
Authors: Hertha Appelt, Bernhard Strauss
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1984)

Although one can reasonably infer that antiandrogens are likely to have a marked negative impact on female sexual responsiveness, the side effects of cyproterone acetate (CPA) treatment in hirsute women have been neglected in previous studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychosexual situation of 61 hirsute women before and under hormonal treatment. 21 % of the hirsute women were diagnosed as having been sexually dysfunctional before starting hormonal treatment. 44 % of the women under antiandrogen treatment reported that their sexual enjoyment was impaired due to the hormonal treatment. Taking into account only those women living in a stable partnership, the percentage goes up to 61 %. The conclusion from these results is to give a more detailed account of the possible side effects to the women involved in CPA treatment.
Biological Markers for Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patient Selection for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Paul A. Bunn, Rafal Dziadziuszko, Marileila Varella-Garcia, Wilbur A. Franklin, Samir E. Witta, Karen Kelly, Fred R. Hirsch
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

The selection of patients for tumor-specific therapies using molecular/biological properties of the patient's tumor has been a long tradition in breast cancer (e.g., estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER-2/ neu ) but has not been widely accepted in lung cancer therapy selection ([1][1
Contrast three-dimensional echocardiography in acute myocardial infarction: 3-D reconstruction of perfusion defects yields accurate estimate of infarct mass and extent
Authors: Alain Delabays, None Qi-Ling Cao, Jiefen Yao, Giuseppina Magni, Ajay Kanojia, Philippe Acar, Cleo Laskari, Navroz Masani, Steven Schwartz, Natesa Pandian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Anterior Dynamic Imaging of the Liver and Spleen
Authors: RUPPERT DAVID, ALI SHIRKHODA, WILLIAM H. McCARTNEY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Anterior dynamic imaging of the abdomen was performed in 870 patients using a large field-of-view (LFOV) gamma camera. Sequential images were obtained immediately after the injection of Tc-99m sulfur colloid (Tc-99m SC) in an antecubital vein for liver-spleen imaging and was followed by standard planar images. This provided additional information in 172 cases (20%), including such findings as determination of the lesion's vascularity in 76 (9%), visualization of abnormal portal blood flow in 53 (6%), and detection of abnormalities in the aorta, inferior vena cava, iliac vessels, or kidneys in 43 (5%) of these patients. This procedure is recommended in all patients undergoing liver-spleen imaging.
Quantitative RNA slot-blot analysis of CCND1/cyclin D1 expression in suspected mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: L Mauvieux, D Canioni, O Hermine, F Valensi, I Radford-Weiss, M Azagury, M Magen, G Flandrin, N Brousse, B Varet, EA Macintyre
Journal: Leukemia (1998)
STANDARDIZATION OF CRUDE DRUGS AND GALENICAL PREPARATIONS.
Authors: ALBERT B. LYONS
Journal: JAMA (1902)

for four or five years, at an immense expense of money and energy, unless we can equip them at the end of that time with a more exact and uniform armamentarium.Remember you may possess the diagnostic ability of a Flint, an Osier or a Loomis, the therapeutic knowledge of an Eichhorst, Wood or Hare, and yet all this ability is perfectly helpless in the presence of inert drugs and dishonest medical purveyors and manufacturers.However, declamation is useless.Let us do something and keep at it till we succeed.Much of the present evil is due to the fact that many doctors do not study their texts on materia medica as assiduously as when they crammed for their diplomas, but they read trade journals and floating literature on semi-proprietary preparations, whose virtues are extolled by their exploiters.These are little less than common nostrums, and are only com- binations of well-known ingredients, one of which is usually some form of alcohol.Let us all stop this, study more faithfully our materia medica, the physiologic action of medicines, and their bearing upon pathologic lesions, and in a short time much of this evil will pass way.Only when we ask for better things can we hope to get them.