tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy show impaired mismatch negativity correlating with reduced performance in attention tests
Authors: Vicente Felipo, Juan F. Ordoño, Amparo Urios, Nisrin El Mlili, Carla Giménez-Garzó, Carolina Aguado, Olga González-Lopez, Remedios Giner-Duran, Miguel A. Serra, Abdallah Wassel, Jose M. Rodrigo, José Salazar, Carmina Montoliu
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Attention deficit is an early event in the cognitive impairment of patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). The underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an auditory event-related potential that reflects an attentional trigger. Patients with schizophrenia show impaired attention and cognitive function, which are reflected in altered MMN. We hypothesized that patients with MHE, similarly to those with schizophrenia, should show MMN alterations related with attention deficits. The aims of this work were to assess whether (1) MMN is altered in cirrhotic patients with MHE, compared to those without MHE, (2) MMN changes in parallel with performance in attention tests and/or MHE in a longitudinal study, and (3) MMN predicts performance in attention tests and/or in the Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score (PHES). We performed MMN analysis as well as attention and coordination tests in 34 control subjects and in 37 patients with liver cirrhosis without MHE and 23 with MHE. Patients with MHE show reduced performance in selective and sustained attention tests and in visuomotor and bimanual coordination tests. The MMN wave area was reduced in patients with MHE, but not in those without MHE. In the longitudinal study, MMN area improved in parallel with performance in attention tests and PHES in 4 patients and worsened in parallel in another 4. Logistic regression analyses showed that MMN area predicts performance in attention tests and in PHES, but not in other tests or critical flicker frequency. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed that MMN area predicts attention deficits in the number connection tests A and B, Stroop tasks, and MHE, with sensitivities of 75%-90% and specificities of 76%-83%.MMN area is useful to diagnose attention deficits and MHE in patients with liver cirrhosis.
NIH Peer Review of Grant Applications for Clinical Research
Authors: Theodore A. Kotchen
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Support of research to facilitate translation of scientific discoveries to the prevention and treatment of human disease is a high priority for the US National Institutes of Health (NIH). Nevertheless, a perception exists among clinical investigators that the NIH peer review process may discriminate against clinical research.To describe recent trends and outcomes of peer review of grant applications to NIH requesting support for clinical research.Peer review outcomes of grant applications submitted to NIH by MDs were compared with those of non-MDs, and outcomes of applications involving inclusion of human subjects were compared with those not involving human subjects. Analyses were carried out using an inclusive definition of clinical research and after stratifying clinical research into specific categories.Median priority scores and funding rates.Between 1997 and 2002, on average, 25.2% of total grant applications (ranging from 27 607 to 34 422 per year) were submitted by MDs, and 27.5% of awards (ranging from 8495 to 10 769 awards per year) were made to MDs. Median priority scores (239.0 vs 250.0) and funding rates (31.4% vs 29.1%) reviewed in 2 grant cycles in 2002 were more favorable for MDs than for non-MDs (P<.001). However, median priority scores (254.0 vs 244.0) and funding rates (23.9% vs 28.1%) were less favorable (P<.001) for R01 applications for clinical research (n = 7227 applications) than for nonclinical research (n = 10 209). This trend was most convincingly observed for clinical research categorized as mechanisms of disease (P =.006) or clinical trials and interventions (P =.001). Similar trends were observed for grant mechanisms other than R01. Concerns about safety and privacy of human subjects may have contributed to the less favorable outcomes of clinical research applications.Although physicians compete favorably in the peer review process, review outcomes are modestly less favorable for grant applications for clinical research than for laboratory research.
Studies of Theatre Ventilation and Surgical Wound Infection
Authors: J. B. Kinmonth, R. Hare, G. D. Tracy, C. G. A. Thomas, J. D. Marsh, G. H. Jantet
Journal: BMJ (1958)

The purpose of this report is to describe the measures taken to reduce the risk of air-borne infection of aseptic surgical wounds in patients treated by the Surgical Pro- fessorial Unit at St. Thomas's Hospital during the years 1955, 1956, and 1957.Particular attention was paid to the possibility of reducing the bacterial content of the theatre air, and hence the risk of wound infection, by altering the method of ventilating the theatre.The system existing at the beginning was a plenum or positive-pressure one.T h i s principle / .-! / t
Congenital Hepatic-duct Malformation
Authors: F. Riggall
Journal: BMJ (1947)

BIUTISH I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ME JOURNALof his blood count elsewhere had given no signs of hyper- eosinophiUa, I had it re-exatnined in October, when a "hyper- coslnophil phase" of 11% was found.t. R. Rugeley publihsed a paper on allergic causes of prutitus ani recently (Annals df Allergy, 1946, 4, 374 and 396) and reported about 14 cases of pruritus ani in which a connexion with allergic causes was revealed and rapid imtprovement achieved by' treatment on these lines, whereas the conven- tional treatment, tried befote, had proved to be unsuccessful.He holds the opinion that excoriationis, oedema of the skin, thickening, or exudation vary in intensity, and that papillitis, fissures, and other changes thought to be causative factors are often secondary and not pritnary changes.He recotnends strongly that allergic causes of prutitus ani should be investi- gated before radical procedures are suggested, such as surgical interference, x-ray treatment, local injections, diisions of nerves, or tattooing of the anal margins with anaesthetics.-I am, etc., London, W.1.E. M. FRAENktL.Congenital Hepatic-duct Malformation Sitt,-Length of survival nmay warrant recording the follow- ing case.A female child 10 months old had been jaundiced since her normial birth.Weight records were: 7 lb.(3.1 kg.) at birth, 9 lb.(4 kg.) at 6 nionths, 12 lb. (5.4 kg.) at 10 months.Absence of breast milk had resulted in cows' milk feedings.Three older children were healthy.The child was lively and profoundly jaundiced.Her spleen
Interleukin-6 release predicts myocardial recovery (stunning) after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: W.K. Lagrand, F. Nijland, C.E. Hack, W.Th. Hermens, P.G.M. Jansen, O. Kamp, F.W.A. Verheugt, C.A. Visser
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
VASCULAR PATTERNS AND THE PATHOGENESIS OF NODULAR PANNICULITIS OF THE LEGS
Authors: PAVEL BARTAK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

SUMMARY.– Clinical and histological observations have been made on 50 patients with nodular panniculitis of the legs. These observations suggest that no single factor such as allergy can be held responsible, but that a number of different factors, such as cold, gravity, allergy and infection combine and contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. The localization of the pathological changes to the periphery of the fat lobule can be explained by the unusual anatomical arrangement of the fat lobule vessels.
CORRELATION BETWEEN RESPONSE TO PRASUGREL AND LEVELS OF RETICULATED PLATELETS IN PATIENTS WITH STEMI
Authors: Leor Perl, Eldad Rechavia, Pablo Codner, Alon Eisen, Tamir Bental, Katia Orvin, Alex Battler, Ran Kornowski, Eli Lev
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Quantitative assessment of canalicular bile formation in isolated hepatocyte couplets using microscopic optical planimetry.
Authors: A Gautam, O C Ng, M Strazzabosco, J L Boyer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Isolated rat hepatocyte couplets (IRHC) are primary units of bile secretion that accumulate fluid in an enclosed canalicular space with time in culture. We have quantitated the rate of canalicular secretion in IRHC cultured for 4-8 h by measuring the change in canalicular space volume by video-microscopic optical planimetry using high resolution Nomarski optics. Electron microscopic morphometric studies revealed significant increases in canalicular membrane area after 4-6 h in culture. Canalicular secretion in basal L-15 medium (3.8 +/- 1.3 fl/min) increased significantly with the choleretic bile salts (10 microM), taurocholate, and ursodeoxycholate (14 +/- 7 fl/min each). Secretion rates after exposure to bile acids correlated directly with the canalicular surface area before stimulation. In contrast, expansion times after stimulation varied inversely with initial canalicular volumes. Ursodeoxycholic acid failed to produce a hypercholeresis at 10-, 100-, or 200-microM concentrations compared with taurocholate, either in normal or taurine-depleted IRHC. The present findings establish that rates of canalicular bile secretion can be quantitated in IRHC by serial optical planimetry, both in the basal state and after stimulation with bile acids. Furthermore, ursodeoxycholate does not acutely induce hypercholeresis at the canalicular level in this model. Rather, both taurocholic and ursodeoxycholic acids induced secretion in proportion to the surface area of the canalicular membrane. The IRHC are a useful model to identify canalicular choleretics and for studies of canalicular bile formation.
FDA wins spoof award for its “collusion” with the drug industry
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The Food and Drug Administration was given a spoof award last week for its failure to act quickly enough to protect the public from adverse drug reactions.

Massachusetts senator Mark Montigny presented the “asleep at the wheel award” to the agency at a ceremony in Boston, called the Bitter Pills Awards.

The “counter-awards” ceremony was held to coincide with an event sponsored by the drug industry, the DTC (direct to consumer) National Awards 2005, at which drug companies were …
IS POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY DERIVED ABSOLUTE MYOCARDIAL BLOOD FLOW, GLUCOSE UTILIZATION AND OXIDATIVE METABOLISM REPRODUCIBLE?
Authors: F Vaghaiwalla Mody, R C Brunken, K Bufkin Coyle, A Chan, R Sumida, H R Schelbert
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Mody, F Vaghaiwalla*; Brunken, R C1; Coyle, K Bufkin*; Chan, A1; Sumida, R1; Schelbert, H R1 Author Information
DNA Sequence Variation in the Mitochondrial Control Region of Red-Backed Voles (Clethrionomys)
Authors: Cole W. Matson, Robert J. Baker
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

The complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region was sequenced for 71 individuals from five species of the rodent genus Clethrionomys both to understand patterns of variation and to explore the existence of previously described domains and other elements. Among species, the control region ranged from 942 to 971 bp in length. Our data were compatible with the proposal of three domains (extended terminal associated sequences [ETAS], central, conserved sequence blocks [CSB]) within the control region. The most conserved region in the control region was the central domain (12% of nucleotide positions variable), whereas in the ETAS and CSB domains, 22% and 40% of nucleotide positions were variable, respectively. Tandem repeats were encountered only in the ETAS domain of Clethrionomys rufocanus. This tandem repeat found in C. rufocanus was 24 bp in length and was located at the 5′ end of the control region. Only two of the proposed CSB and ETAS elements appeared to be supported by our data; however, a "CSB1-like" element was also documented in the ETAS domain.
Reversibility and reproducibility of histamine induced plasma leakage in nasal airways.
Authors: C Svensson, C R Baumgarten, U Pipkorn, U Alkner, C G Persson
Journal: Thorax (1989)

Plasma exudation is one cardinal factor in airways defence and inflammation. In inflammatory airway diseases such as rhinitis and asthma, however, plasma leakage may also have a pathogenetic role. Experimental data from animals indicate that highly sensitive, active, and reversible processes regulate the vascular and mucosal permeability to macromolecules. With the use of a nasal lavage model for the recovery of liquids on the mucosal surface the effect of histamine on the macromolecular permeability of the airway endothelial-epithelial barriers was studied in normal subjects. The concentrations of albumin, kinins, and N-alpha-beta-tosyl-L-arginine-methyl esterase (TAME) in nasal lavage fluid were measured and nasal symptoms assessed by a scoring technique. The reproducibility of three repeated challenges with 30 minute intervals on the same day was studied in 12 subjects and compared with the same procedure (three challenges) on a different day. Sneezing decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) after the first histamine challenge but was maintained thereafter. Otherwise, the mean values for symptoms and for markers of vascular leakage were very similar both for the three challenges in the same session and for the two challenge sessions on a different day. Sneezing, blockage, and secretions were associated with increased concentrations of TAME esterase (maximum 9000 cpm/ml), kinins (1.4 ng/ml), and albumin (0.3 g/l) in lavage fluid. Both the symptoms and the measures of plasma exudation were reversible and reproducible in the three repeat histamine challenges and at two challenge sessions on different days. These findings support the view that non-injurious, active processes regulate the inflammatory flow of macromolecules across airways endothelial-epithelial barriers. The present experimental approach would be suitable for studies of the modulatory effects of inflammatory stimulus induced plasma leakage and symptoms in human airways.
CARDIAC DISEASE IN PREGNANCY AND LABOR.
Authors: W. REYNOLDS WILSON
Journal: JAMA (1899)

The clinic aspect of the different forms of cardiac disease during pregnancy is largely modified by the physiologic status at this time. The character of the blood, the development of the heart muscle, the changes in the circulation, the displacement of the viscera by the gravid uterus, have all a more or less direct bearing on the abnormal conditions due to cardiac disturbance. As to the condition of the blood, we may consider in this connection the general increase in the quantity of the blood, this increase, contrary to the earlier observations on this point, being due, according to Fehling and Meyer, to an augmentation in the various constituents—namely, the red and white corpuscles, as well as the serum. This fact has a special bearing on the increased function imposed on the circulatory system, and the occurrence of stasis in pregnancy. The tendency of the fibrin of the blood to
Treatment of Verruca Vulgaris With Topical Cidofovir
Authors: Edward J. Zabawski, Bryan Sands, Dudley Goetz, Mark Naylor, Clay J. Cockerell
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Cidofovir is a nucleotide analog of deoxycytidine monophosphate and has antiviral activity against a broad range of DNA viruses, including cytomegalovirus and herpesviruses.<sup>1-3</sup>Topical cidofovir has been reported as a successful treatment for refractory condyloma acuminatum<sup>3</sup>in human immunodeficiency virus infection and recurrent genital herpes.<sup>4</sup>We report the use of topical cidofovir in 2 patients with verruca vulgaris resistant to repeated conventional therapies. <h3>Report of Cases.</h3> —An 8-year-old girl with no history of significant medical illness had been treated unsuccessfully with numerous conventional therapies (eg, electrodesiccation, topical cantharidin, topical tretinoin, oral cimetidine) for extensive (several hundred lesions), biopsy-proven verruca vulgaris of both lower extremities for 2 years. After obtaining informed consent, we initiated application of 3% topical cidofovir twice daily. Marked erythema and irritation without erosion or ulceration were evident by day 10, and therapy was halted. No systemic adverse effects were noted.
Avascular Necrosis and Fracture of the Capitate Bone
Authors: ROBERT MANSBERG, GUY LEWIS, GEORGE KIRSH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

Often avascular necrosis is diagnosed using three-phase skeletal scintigraphy. A case of avascular necrosis and fracture of the capitate bone after trauma is described. Features atypical of fracture were shown on the initial bone scan.
Blunted growth hormone (GH) responsiveness to GH-releasing hormone in obese patients: Influence of prolonged administration of the serotoninergic drug fenfluramine
Authors: G.F. Argenio, G.P. Bernini, M. Sgró, M.S. Vivaldi, C. Del Corso, R. Santoni, F. Franchi
Journal: Metabolism (1991)
Thrombolytic therapy of right heart emboli-in-transit
Authors: GA Jessurun, J Brugemann, JP Hamer, JP Romer, KI Lie
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Currently, no consensus exists for the appropriate treatment of echocardiographically diagnosed mobile right heart masses giving rise to a high suspicion of migrant thromboembolism in patients with pulmonary embolism. This may lead to unnecessary delay in the implementation of the most appropriate treatment for these patients. Several earlier studies have supported the beneficial role of thrombolytic therapy. We report on an additional two patients with mobile right heart thromboemboli, refractory to systemic anticoagulation, who recovered quickly after initiation of thrombolytic therapy.
Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in heart-lung transplantation: surveillance biopsies.
Authors: M Tamm, L D Sharples, T W Higenbottam, S Stewart, J Wallwork
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Transbronchial biopsies (TBBs) are useful to diagnose acute rejection and infection in patients with lung transplants. The value of routine surveillance biopsies (S-TBBs) is not known, and such biopsies with a clinical indication are not without risk and are expensive. One hundred twenty-six 6-mo survivors of heart-lung transplantation (HLT) were studied to determine the effect of stopping S-TBBs on the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) and subsequent survival. Fifty-one received transplants while S-TBB was part of routine care (group A), and 75 received transplants after this practice was stopped (group B). There was no difference in patient characteristics. Group A had shorter graft ischemia (p < 0.01) and longer postoperative ventilation (p < 0.01). Maintenance immunosuppression was similar, but group A had more steroid pulses in the second 6 mo after HLT (p < 0.01). The number of patients free from any functional deterioration at 49 to 60 mo after HLT declined to 39% in group A and 64% in group B. The risk of developing BOS grade 1 in group A relative to group B was 1.63 (95% confidence intervals: 0.96-2.79, p = 0.07). Patient survival was similar in the two groups. A total of 86 TBBs were taken in the absence of any signs or symptoms and had low diagnostic yield. In summary, there was no increased incidence of BOS after stopping S-TBBs.
Suppressed NFAT-dependent VEGFR1 expression and constitutive VEGFR2 signaling in infantile hemangioma
Authors: Masatoshi Jinnin, Damian Medici, Lucy Park, Nisha Limaye, Yanqiu Liu, Elisa Boscolo, Joyce Bischoff, Miikka Vikkula, Eileen Boye, Bjorn R Olsen
Journal: Nature Medicine (2008)
ONE YEAR'S WORK IN TUBAL AND OVARIAN LAPAROTOMIES. THIRTY-SEVEN CASES WITHOUT A DEATH.
Authors: FRANKLIN H. MARTIN
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Between August 1,1891, and August 1, 1892, I performed thirty-seven laparotomies which involved the removal of the tubes or ovaries of one or both sides. Of these cases, seventeen were for pyosalpynx, one for tubai hematocele, one for extra-uterine or tubai pregnancy, three for removal of appendages for fibroid, one removal of appendages for hystero epilepsy, twelve ovariotomies for ovarian cysts, and one for solid ovarian tumors. These thirty-seven cases were operated upon without a death. Neither does this series of successes represent a lot with death at either end. Back of them, in May, 1892, was my last death in this kind of work, there being nine successful operations between it and this report, and four successful ones since August 1, the end of this report, making a gratifying, and not altogether usual series of fifty consecutive cases without a death. This report, however, deals alone with the year's
EXPANSION OF CD4+CD28NULL T LYMPHOCYTES IN CORONARY BLOOD OF PATIENTS WITH ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Natalia Lluberas, Natalia Trias, Andreina Brugnini, Rafael Mila, Pedro Trujillo, Daniel Mallo, Gustavo Vignolo, Sofia Grille, Ivana Duro, Ricardo Lluberas, Daniela Lens
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Late Sodium Current Inhibition Reverses Electromechanical Dysfunction in Human Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Raffaele Coppini, Cecilia Ferrantini, Lina Yao, Peidong Fan, Martina Del Lungo, Francesca Stillitano, Laura Sartiani, Benedetta Tosi, Silvia Suffredini, Chiara Tesi, Magdi Yacoub, Iacopo Olivotto, Luiz Belardinelli, Corrado Poggesi, Elisabetta Cerbai, Alessandro Mugelli
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), the most common mendelian heart disorder, remains an orphan of disease-specific pharmacological treatment because of the limited understanding of cellular mechanisms underlying arrhythmogenicity and diastolic dysfunction. Methods and Results— We assessed the electromechanical profile of cardiomyocytes from 26 HCM patients undergoing myectomy compared with those from nonfailing nonhypertrophic surgical patients by performing patch-clamp and intracellular Ca 2+ (Ca 2+ i ) studies. Compared with controls, HCM cardiomyocytes showed prolonged action potential related to increased late Na + ( I NaL ) and Ca 2+ ( I CaL ) currents and decreased repolarizing K + currents, increased occurrence of cellular arrhythmias, prolonged Ca 2+ i transients, and higher diastolic Ca 2+ i . Such changes were related to enhanced Ca 2+ /calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) activity and increased phosphorylation of its targets. Ranolazine at therapeutic concentrations partially reversed the HCM-related cellular abnormalities via I NaL inhibition, with negligible effects in controls. By shortening the action potential duration in HCM cardiomyocytes, ranolazine reduced the occurrence of early and delayed afterdepolarizations. Finally, as a result of the faster kinetics of Ca 2+ i transients and the lower diastolic Ca 2+ i , ranolazine accelerated the contraction-relaxation cycle of HCM trabeculae, ameliorating diastolic function. Conclusions— We highlighted a specific set of functional changes in human HCM myocardium that stem from a complex remodeling process involving alterations of CaMKII-dependent signaling, rather than being a direct consequence of the causal sarcomeric mutations. Among the several ion channel and Ca 2+ i handling proteins changes identified, an enhanced I NaL seems to be a major contributor to the electrophysiological and Ca 2+ i dynamic abnormalities of ventricular myocytes and trabeculae from patients with HCM, suggesting potential therapeutic implications of I NaL inhibition.
Untoward Reactions to Benzathine Penicillin G in a Study of Rheumatic-Fever Prophylaxis in Adults
Authors: Irene Hsu, John M. Evans
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

MONTHLY intramuscular injections of benzathine penicillin G§ were given over a period of several years to a group of adults with rheumatic heart disease for rheumatic-fever prophylaxis. This report deals with the side reactions that were encountered.There were 32 patients in the group, ranging in age from twenty to fifty-four years; 5 were over thirty, 2 in their forties, and 2 over the age of fifty. The total patient months of prophylaxis was four hundred and sixty-eight; the average number of months per patient was fourteen and six tenths. Seven patients were in the program for two years or . . .