tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sudden infant death syndrome: after the "back to sleep" campaign
Authors: T. Dwyer, A.-L. Ponsonby
Journal: BMJ (1996)

von Kries et al (p 199)and Ansell et al (p 204), meet that need and are therefore of great importance.Von Kries et al performed a fully designed case-control study that included 272 children with leukaemia or cancer and 334 controls matched for age and sex."3Records of vitamin K administration in the neonatal period were critically assessed and showed conclusively that there was no association between the intramuscular administration of vitamin K and subsequent development of childhood cancer.How can the difference between the findings of Golding et al and von Kries et al be explained?Von Kries et al avoided some of the design flaws in the Golding study: instead ofunmatched con- trols, von Kries et al matched for age and sex; instead of using only two hospitals (and over 90% of cases and controls from one hospital), von Kries et alPs study was population based.Also, von Kries et al consider that they had more accurate and complete data on whether vitamin K had been given or not.In the study by Ansell et al, cases were born at three hospi- tals in England and included 109 infants with leukaemia and 218 controls matched for age, sex, and hospital of birth.14The authors found no association between childhood leukaemia and intramuscular injection of vitamin K at birth.They note that sev- eral studies are weakened by the fact that they infer information on vitamin K administration at birth from hospital policies.4 10 12The case for using oral vitamin K to prevent early haemorrhagic disease of the newborn is sound.However, it has been shown to be ineffective in preventing late disease.Although giving breast fed infants repeated oral doses of vitamin K in the first two months of life may prevent late disease, compliance for such a regimen has been shown to be poor, leaving infants at risk.9Because haemorrhagic disease of the newborn can be life threatening but is preventable, the studies by von Kries et al and Ansell et al should allay our fears and doubts about the dangers of administering intramuscular vitamin K immedi- ately after birth.It seems that haemorrhagic disease of the newborn can be completely eradicated without the threat of leukaemia and childhood cancer as a side effect.
Admission Trends in a Rural South African Hospital During the Early Years of the HIV Epidemic
Authors: Katherine Floyd
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ContextFew studies have attempted to quantify the effect of the epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) on demand for health care in developing countries. More data are required to improve understanding of its impact and to guide development of appropriate response strategies.ObjectiveTo assess the HIV/AIDS epidemic's impact on demand for inpatient hospital care in a rural area of South Africa.DesignRetrospective analysis of data from general hospital and individual ward admission registers, a tuberculosis program database, and patient case notes.Setting and PatientsPatients admitted between 1991 and 1998 to a 450-bed hospital that serves Hlabisa District, South Africa (population ≈200,000), where HIV seroprevalence among antenatal clinic attendees increased from 4% in 1992 to 29% in 1998.Main Outcome MeasuresNumber of admissions to 9 hospital wards, number of clinical AIDS and general medical admissions (both excluding tuberculosis), and number of tuberculosis admissions to adult medical wards during the study period.ResultsTotal hospital admissions increased by 81%, from 6562 in 1991 to 11,872 in 1998. Adult tuberculosis ward admissions increased by 360%, from 303 to 1393. In 1998, tuberculosis patients accounted for 47% and 30% of adult male and female medical ward admissions, respectively, and for 11% of total hospital admissions. Nontuberculosis clinical AIDS cases increased 43-fold, accounting for 4% of adult medical admissions in 1997 vs 0.2% in 1991. Tuberculosis and nontuberculosis clinical AIDS cases were the only types of admission to show a clear and consistent upward trend over the period studied. Patterns in other types of admissions varied more and changes were smaller.ConclusionsThe HIV/AIDS epidemic has had an important impact on demand for adult tuberculosis and general medical care in a rural South African district hospital. If this impact is shown to extend to other rural South African areas, response strategies are urgently needed.
Genetic test can show whether drugs to treat colon cancer will work
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A new study indicates that a simple genetic test can determine whether chemotherapy will be effective in treating colon cancer, the fourth commonest cancer in developed countries and the second leading cause of death from cancer in North America.

The study, led by doctors and researchers from Princess Margaret Hospital and Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, and involving other researchers in the United States and France, showed that patients with a mutation in their tumours did not benefit from chemotherapy, which can cause major unpleasant side effects ( N Engl J Med 2003;349:247-57).

The mutation is called high frequency microsatellite instability. Microsatellites are stretches of DNA in which a short …
204. Novel Gene Transduction Technology by Credia TF
Authors: Motoyoshi Tanaka, Madoka Tonosaki, Masafumi Umekage, Tomio Konaka, Ikeda Hisafumi, Hirotsugu Uemura
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Introduction Transfection reagents (TF) are currently based on cationic liposomes and polymers. TF is required for both "less cytotoxic" and "high tranduction efficiency" simultaneously. Since the structural components of these TF are either phospholipids and/or polymers, however, they are not suitable for additional manipulation to expand their functionality, such as increased functional capabilities and complexities. This limits the level of design capability of TF. We have developed a novel transduction reagent Credia TF, which is a wide range TF with both "extremely low toxicity" and "very high membrane permeability" utilized for plasmids, siRNAs, oligonucleotides, or peptides. Credia TF is basically a non-nature artificial amino acid-related product engineered by the HIT technology. Hence, we introduce the Credia TF as a future promising transduction reagent by our unique HIT technology and first demonstrate its novel capability for gene delivery. Materials & Methods and Results In this study, we examined the gene transduction efficacy of Credia TF using human cancer cell lines. The pEGFP-N3 plasmid vector (5μg) was introduced with Credia TF into PC-3 (prostate cancer) and UM-UC-3 (bladder cancer) cell lines, as following a similar preparation of LipofectaminÒ but in serum containing condition. Transduction efficacy of Credia TF on PC-3 and UM-UC-3 cells after 48 hours of incubation showed 35.7% and 32.2% of GFP expression cells compared to 24.5% and 29.1% by LipofectaminÒ reagent, respectively. PC-3/GFP cells, a stable GFP transfectant, were then used to introduce the GFP siRNA with Credia TF, resulting in a successful decrease of GFP expression in a dose-dependent manner. However, no toxicity or growth disadvantage of Credia TF was seen in PC-3, UM-UC-3, and PC-3/GFP cells but significant toxicity seen in those cells using LipofectaminÒ reagent. Furthermore, we tested a Bcl-2 siRNA and transfected with Credia TF into PC-3/ Bcl-2 (Bcl-2 transfectant) cells. Consequently, Transduction of Bcl-2 siRNA with Credia TF showed a significant down-regulation of BCl-2 expression without any toxicity in PC-3/Bcl-2 cells. Conclusion Thus, Credia TF is a new powerful and multi-purpose tool for gene transduction and may be considered for clinical application of gene therapy.
Clinical and Experimental Studies with Medium Chain Fats and Fatty Acids.
Authors: Arthur D. Schwabe
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 October 1964Clinical and Experimental Studies with Medium Chain Fats and Fatty Acids.Arthur D. Schwabe, M.D., Vicente D. Valdivieso, M.D., Leslie R. Bennett, M.D.Arthur D. Schwabe, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Vicente D. Valdivieso, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Leslie R. Bennett, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-4-811_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptFatty acids with 10 or less carbon atoms are rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, transported to the liver via the portal venous system, and sequentially oxidized to CO2and water. Measurement of the expired, radioactive carbon dioxide after the administration of C14-labeled medium chain fats and fatty acids provides a rapid means of studying absorption and oxidation of these lipids. Experiments with octanoic acid have demonstrated that the oxidation of this fatty acid proceeds at nearly the same rate when the liver is excluded from the circulation in rats and is relatively uninhibited by increased blood levels of glucose... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Arthur D. Schwabe, M.D.; Vicente D. Valdivieso, M.D.; Leslie R. Bennett, M.D.Affiliations: Los Angeles, Calif. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1964Volume 61, Issue 4 Page: 811-811 Keywords Blood Carbon dioxide Fats Fatty acids Gastrointestinal tract Glucose Lipids Liver ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
A MODIFICATION OF BEER'S SUPRAPUBIC DRAINAGE CUP
Authors: James A. Gardner
Journal: JAMA (1926)

After suprapubic cystotomy, various methods have been used to take care of drainage. If rubber drainage tubes are used, they will keep the patient more or less dry, but delay the healing. If absorbent pads and cotton are used, they practically form a urine poultice. Some years ago, Dr. Edwin Beer brought out a suprapubic cup made of hard rubber, which is attached to the abdomen by an adhesive plaster mass supplied by Johnson &amp; Johnson. This cup seemed to provide a most satisfactory and economic method of caring for the drainage in these cases. It was found, however, that the hard rubber flange of the Beer cup would not fit a certain type of abdomen. The cup has been modified by making the flange or skirt of soft rubber, and the outlets for the drainage tubes have been increased in caliber. The adhesive mass is soluble in benzine. The evaporation
Giving Teeth to Comparative-Effectiveness Research — The Oregon Experience
Authors: Somnath Saha, Darren D. Coffman, Ariel K. Smits
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Experts believe that comparative-effectiveness research (CER) can substantially reduce future health care spending and improve the quality of care.1,2 Their analyses indicate that CER can control costs if its results are used to inform coverage, payment, and cost-sharing policies that provide incentives for appropriate and cost-effective care.1,2 But the proposed approach to CER in the United States would constrain these uses of the research, to avoid any implication that health care will be rationed. Though the word elicits fear and opposition, "rationing" is simply the equitable, or rational, distribution of resources; it involves delivering health care services according . . .
Value of two-dimensional echocardiography in endomyocardial disease with and without eosinophilia. A clinical and pathologic study.
Authors: H Acquatella, N B Schiller, J J Puigbó, J R Gómez-Mancebo, C Suarez, G Acquatella
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Ten patients (six women and four men) with endomyocardial disease, four with and six without hypereosinophilia, were studied by two-dimensional echocardiography (2-D echo). Eight had biventricular congestive heart failure and two had atypical chest pain with ischemic electrocardiographic changes. The patients were 15-50 years old (mean 40 years) and duration of illness was 2-9 years (mean 4.4 years). Nine had cardiac catheterization and three pathologic examination. Characteristic 2-D echo findings included apical obliteration of one or both ventricles by echogenic material suggestive of fibrosis or thrombosis; bright, specular echoes at the cavity surface of the apical obliteration suggesting patchy calcification; preserved left apical systolic inward motion, which differed significantly from the dyskinetic motion of thrombotic apical obliteration of ischemic or Chagasic origin (p less than 0.001); involvement of the papillary muscles and posterior atrioventricular valve; preserved ventricular contractile function in most patients; and the combination of normal-to-small ventricles with large atria. None of 14 subjects with secondary hypereosinophilia followed for 15.4 months developed similar 2-D echo findings. We conclude that both forms of endomyocardial disease had a 2-D echo pattern useful for noninvasive recognition and differentiation from patients who have valvular heart disease, constrictive pericarditis and cardiomyopathies of other origins.
Massive Hepatic Necrosis after Fluroxene Anesthesia — A Case of Drug Interaction?
Authors: Edward S. Reynolds, Burnell R. Brown, Leroy D. Vandam
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

THE inhalation anesthetic fluroxene (Fluoromar, 2,2,2,-tri-fluoro-ethyl vinyl ether), has just been considered hepatotoxic.1 Recently, a patient taking phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin died of massive hepatic necrosis after fluroxene anesthesia – conditions suggestive of an acquired enhanced sensitivity to the anesthetic.2 Case ReportAn obese 69-year-old woman with grand-mal epilepsy since the age of 15 that had been effectively controlled with diphenylhydantoin (Dilantin), 300 mg per day, and phenobarbital, 120 mg per day, had also received phenylbutazone (Butazolidin) for osteoarthritis. At 65 years of age a gastric ulcer was treated conservatively. Four months before admission ulcer symptoms recurred, 1 week before she . . .
An Address on Remedies New and Old; Errors and Eallacies, with Suggestions for the Improvement of Therapeutic Methods
Authors: W. T. Gairdner
Journal: BMJ (1891)

Irofessor of 'Medicine in the 1University of (Olasgow.4AENTLEMEN, ITt Would be unpardonable were I not to con- -ey to you at thle outset, in the most grateful languag,e I can 'onlImaul1llld, imly sense at once of the great hionour you lhave homIIe no, in.invitin(g ie to (leliver this address
Abstract A34: Novel chemical systems biology approach with the Berg Interrogative Biology® platform provides a window into hallmark shift in cancer metabolism
Authors: Niven R. Narain, Vivek K. Vishnudas, Viatscheslav R. Akmaev, Rangaprasad Sarangarajan
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Cancer is comprised of a subset of diseases that serve to dysregulate the molecular mechanisms that maintain cellular homeostasis. Otto Warburg described his seminal observation that cancer cells negotiated a switch towards anaerobic respiration from oxidative phosphorylation in return for sustained growth and evasion of normal cellular processes such as cell cycle control and apoptosis. The underlying mechanism that governs this phenomenon has yet to be firmly established. We employed a chemical systems biology approach to create a mechanistic window into this phenomenon. Cancer models that encompass in vitro cancer and normal cell models, perturbants, and conditions including hypoxia, hyperglycemia, and redox environments that parallel cancer pathophysiology were overlayed and interrogated with an ubidecarenone-based epimetabolic shifter. Total cellular proteome including response to perturbants and chemical interrogation were assessed using LC MS based methods. Cell-based assays utilizing a Seahorse XF24 analyzer were employed to understand glycolytic fluxes and oxidative metabolism. High-throughput protein and metabolite data were subjected to an artificial intelligence-based informatics analysis that generated data driven inference of cause and effect maps of proteins interactome including inference of molecular networks driving metabolic endpoints. Follow-up network biology analysis revealed molecular interactions of differential response to epimetabolic shifts induced by ubidecarenone in normal and tumor cell models. Novel causal pathways that recapitulate the Warburg phenomenon by an amalgamation of nuclear, mitochondrial, and extracellular matrix components were derived and further validated by wet lab experiments. Finally we took a pan-disease approach that spanned cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disease models and generated insights into overarching molecular entities that drive aberrant metabolism in various disease pathologies. Citation Format: Niven R. Narain, Vivek K. Vishnudas, Viatscheslav R. Akmaev, Rangaprasad Sarangarajan. Novel chemical systems biology approach with the Berg Interrogative Biology® platform provides a window into hallmark shift in cancer metabolism [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chemical Systems Biology: Assembling and Interrogating Computational Models of the Cancer Cell by Chemical Perturbations; 2012 Jun 27-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(13 Suppl):Abstract nr A34.
Problems with sexual function: Authors' reply
Authors: I. Nazareth
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—We agree on the two points of similarities between our study and that of Dunn et al1 but offer clarification on the other issues.

Firstly, we approached only consenting participants for access to their general practice records. When this was used as the denominator, 71% and not 51% provided access to their …
Transmission of Measles in Medical Settings
Authors: Ronald M. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1986)

For the five-year period 1980 through 1984, a total of 241 persons with measles in 30 states were identified as probably having acquired their infection in a medical facility. The proportion of all measles cases acquired in medical settings increased from 0.7% for 1980 through 1982 to 2.9% for 1983 and 1984. Seventy-six percent of cases were found in patients or visitors, and 24% in personnel at the medical facility where transmission occurred. The highest proportion of cases occurred in children less than 5 years of age (54.3%), followed by persons 25 to 29 years of age (14.7%). Of 120 cases for whom the pattern of transmission was known, patient-to-patient spread (50.0%) and patient-to-staff spread (36.7%) were most common. Medical personnel rarely transmitted disease to others. More attention needs to be given to methods of preventing spread of measles in medical facilities, such as isolation precautions, postexposure prophylaxis of potential contacts (vaccination or immune globulin), and ensuring that medical personnel are immune to measles. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;255:1295-1298)
Funding for Cancer Centers: A Challenge of Scarce Resource Allocation
Authors: D. Korn
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Dr. Kom submitted the following unsolicited commentary to the Journal with a notice that its views are those of the author and not of the National Cancer Advisory Board, which the author chairs. The Journal editors decided to publish this particular notice-although a disclaimer covering all published material appears in every issue. We also have chosen to provide historical information in the box on the next page so that the reader can easily discern the context of Dr. Kom's comments and the matter at issue.
Splenic hyalohyphomycosis, molecularly and immunologically consistent with invasive aspergillosis, in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Fabio Forghieri, Giulio Rossi, Leonardo Potenza, Monica Morselli, Patrizia Barozzi, Daniela Vallerini, Massimino Messino, Fabio Rumpianesi, Monica Pecorari, Giuseppe Torelli, Mario Luppi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)
Ultrasonically guided histological and cytological fine needle biopsies of the pancreas. Reliability and reproducibility of diagnoses.
Authors: A Glenthoj, M Sehested, S Torp-Pedersen
Journal: Gut (1990)

In 100 consecutive patients ultrasonically guided histological and cytological fine needle biopsy specimens were obtained from pancreatic lesions using two different needles with an outer diameter of 0.6 mm. Specimens taken by both cytological and histological fine needle biopsy were examined blindly by two pathologists. When related to the final and reliable diagnosis obtained in 57 patients, the predictive value of a malignant diagnosis was 1.00 for both types of biopsy. The predictive value for a benign diagnosis was 0.25 for histological specimens for both examiners and 0.33 and 0.45 for the two evaluations of the cytological specimens. False benign diagnoses seemed to be related to both sampling error and difficulties in interpreting the biopsy specimens. The intraobserver and interobserver kappa values concerning reproducibility of diagnoses were higher for histological specimens (0.80 and 0.74) than for cytological specimens (0.70 and 0.61). Consistent malignant diagnoses, however, occurred more often with cytological specimens (51 cases) than with histological specimens (39 cases) (p less than 0.05) and consistent diagnoses of insufficient material were more common with histological specimens (18 cases v six cases). Cytological fine needle biopsy seems to be the method of choice if only one method is used and a 0.6 mm needle is used.
Failed laparoscopic clip sterilisation.
Authors: A Kenney, R D de Vere, J R Jass
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Failed laparoscopic clip sterilisationLaparoscopic sterilisation using Hulka-Clemens spring-loaded clips has been used extensively in Britain since the method was.described by Hulka et all and Lieberman et al.2We here describe a case in which this technique failed despite correct application of the clips.
The Strange Case of Dr. Kappler: The Doctor Who Became a Killer
Authors: Paul Chodoff
Journal: JAMA (1994)

On April 14, 1990, Dr John Kappler, an anesthesiologist retired on disability, deliberately drove his car onto a running path in Cambridge, Mass, where he struck Dr Paul Mendelsohn, a psychiatric resident, inflicting injuries that were later responsible for Mendelsohn's death. Kappler continued to drive along the pathway until he came upon and struck a second victim, Deborah Brunet-Tuttle, severely injuring her.<i>The Strange Case of Dr. Kappler</i>is an account of Kappler's behavior and what preceded and followed it. The author is Keith Russell Ablow, a journalist and psychiatrist, who was a good friend of Mendelsohn. It was written without the cooperation of, and indeed against the opposition of, Kappler and his family, "from interviews, published articles, court transcripts, and medical records." Dr Ablow has produced a work that is interesting enough to be almost a page-turner, and which, in addition to the story it tells, reveals some of