tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Physicians' Obligations in Radiation Issues
Authors: Merle K. Loken
Journal: JAMA (1987)

EVERYONE has inborn fears of the unknown, and, to many, one of these unknowns is ionizing radiation. Thus, radiation issues continue to be a matter of great public concern. In this context we, as physicians, have responsibilities in radiation matters to protect, insofar as possible, the physical and emotional health of our patients by preventing and/or minimizing the illnesses and injury that might be caused by radiation. To accomplish this goal, certain basic concepts need to be understood (Table 1). These concepts serve as the basis of this presentation. They have been considered in detail in various publications<sup>1-13</sup>and can only be highlighted here. <h3>Sources of Radiation Exposure</h3> Ionizing radiations used in the practice of medicine come from radioactive materials and from x-ray machines. Radiation to which we are exposed also comes from natural sources, such as cosmic radiation and radioactivity in building materials and soil. On the average,
Potential Cost-effectiveness of Public Access Defibrillation in the United States
Authors: Graham Nichol, Alfred P. Hallstrom, Joseph P. Ornato, Barbara Riegel, Ian G. Stiell, Terry Valenzuela, George A. Wells, Roger D. White, Myron L. Weisfeldt
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Approximately 360,000 Americans experience sudden cardiac arrest each year; current treatments are expensive and not very effective. Public access defibrillation (PAD) is a novel treatment for out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest that refers to use of automated external defibrillators by the lay public or by nonmedical personnel such as police. A clinical trial has been proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of public access defibrillation, but it is unclear whether such early defibrillation will offer sufficient value for money. Our objective was to estimate the potential cost-effectiveness of public access defibrillation by use of decision analysis.A decision model compared the potential cost-effectiveness of standard emergency medical services (EMS) systems with that of EMS supplemented by PAD. We considered defibrillation by lay responders or police, using an analysis with a US health-care perspective. Input data were derived from published data or fiscal databases. Future costs and effects were discounted at 3%. Monte Carlo simulation was performed to estimate the variability in the costs and effects of each program. Sensitivity analyses assessed the robustness of the results to changes in input data. A standard EMS system had a median cost of $5900 per cardiac arrest patient (interquartile range, IQR, $3200 to $10,900) and yielded a median of 0.25 quality-adjusted life years (IQR, 0.20 to 0.30). PAD by lay responders had a median incremental cost of $44,000 per additional quality-adjusted life year (IQR, $29,000 to $68,900). PAD by police had a median incremental cost of $27,200 per additional quality-adjusted life year (IQR, $15,700 to $47,800). The results were sensitive to changes in the cost and relative survival benefit of PAD.Although more expensive than standard EMS for sudden cardiac arrest, PAD may be economically attractive. The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of PAD should be assessed in a randomized, controlled trial.
Chromosome Breakage and Ultrasound
Authors: E. Boyd, U. Abdulla, I. Donald, J. E. E. Fleming, A. J. Hall, M. A. Ferguson-Smith
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Human lymphocyte cultures were examined for chromosome damage after exposure to ultrasound. Control and treated slides were scored "blind" and showed no evidence of damage due to ultrasound. Neither was there evidence of chromosome damage in blood cultures from six infants whose mothers had ultrasound during pregnancy when compared with that from six infants whose mothers had not. Our results suggest that if diagnostic ultrasound causes chromosome damage it does so with less frequency than acceptable levels of diagnostic x-irradiation.
Abstract LB-309: Interplay between E3 ligases modulate Per2 stability
Authors: jingjing liu, Carla V. Finkielstein
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Circadian oscillation relies on autoregulatory loops generated by sequential phases of transcription/translation, protein modification, and degradation. Interestingly, disruption of the clock gene period2 (per2) in mice is associated with a hyperplasic phenotype and loss of apoptotic response. When irradiated, per2 knockout mice show a significantly higher frequency of tumor development most likely due to loss of normal circadian control of genes concerned with the regulation of the DNA-damage response as well as partial resistance to radiation-induced apoptosis. Although evidence suggests that the per2 gene functions in tumor suppression, no mechanism of Per2 action is known. Our work show direct evidences of crosstalk mechanisms that involve Per2 and the oncogenic E3-ligase Mdm2. Whereas we know much about the role of b-TrCP in modulating the oscillatory levels of Per2 in the cell, the functional relevance of Mdm2 targeting of Per2 has just been uncovered. Bacterial two-hybrid screenings led to the identification of Mdm2 as a new PER2 binding partner, an interaction that was later validated by immunoprecipitation studies from both ectopicaly expressed and endogenous proteins. In vitro experiment show that recombinantly expressed Per2 serves as a substrate for Mdm2 and polyubiquitination takes place shortly after interaction. These results were later confirmed when Mdm2 was overexpressed and ubiquitination of Per2 was detected in immunoprecipitated samples. Interestingly, knock down of either beta-TrCP or Mdm2 dampened PER2 oscillation, although the mechanism by either E3 ligase seems to act relies in the subcellular localization of the substrate., Lastly, there is an interplay between these two ligases as we showed that downregulation of Mdm2 influences the total levels of beta-TrCP and direct interaction between these protein was confirmed by immunoprecipitation. Moreover, experiments carried out with constitutively negative active forms of each ligase show they are each other targeted for ubiquitination and that Per2 exerts a very relevant control on stability of b-TrCP by binding to Mdm2 and inhibiting its E3-ligase activity. Citation Format: jingjing liu, Carla V. Finkielstein. Interplay between E3 ligases modulate Per2 stability. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-309. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-309
Scintigraphic Appearance of Osteosarcoma of the Breast
Authors: DIETLIND L. WAHNER-ROEDLER, EDWARD H. SOULE, JAMES S. ROBERTSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

A patient with a rare mixture of osteosarcoma and adenocarcinoma of the breast is described. Intense uptake by the tumor of 99mTc-labelecl diphosphonate was noted on the bone scan. Bone trabeculae and osteoid tissue were noted in the tumor tissue. It is implied that these structures were labeled with the radiopharmaceutical and were responsible for the intense uptake by the tumor. Bone scans can be of help in an occasional breast tumor.
Early Glibenclamide Treatment in a Clinical Newborn With <i>KCNJ11</i> Gene Mutation
Authors: Gerhard Däublin, Bettina Lorenz-Depiereux, Tim M. Strom, Oliver Blankenstein, Klemens Raile
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Activating mutations in the KCNJ11 gene, which code for the ATP-sensitive K+ channel subunit Kir6.2, are the most common cause of permanent neonatal diabetes. Recently, a switch from insulin treatment to oral sulfonylurea has been proposed if genetic testing reveals sulfonylurea-sensitive KCNJ11 mutations (1). Until now, hurdles for early treatment were 1 ) the time until the mutation analysis is finished and 2 ) the lack of knowledge about adverse effects of glibenclamide in …
Prospective Blinded Comparison of Polyp Size on Computed Tomography Colonography and Endoscopic Colonoscopy
Authors: Courtney Barancin, Perry J. Pickhardt, David H. Kim, Bret Spier, Mary Lindstrom, Mark Reichelderfer, Deepak Gopal, Patrick Pfau
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2011)
Christopher's Textbook of Surgery
Authors: Robert S. Monk
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The eighth edition of Christopher's Textbook of Surgery , under the masterful editorship of Dr. Loyal Davis, has been modernized to meet the need of the medical student of today.  The major objectives of this review have been the incorporation of new and important developments in the surgical sciences and the contraction of the text where possible without loss of content. To accomplish this, Dr. Davis sought 33 fewer contributors than in the former edition. There are now 49 authorities contributing and, of these, 20 have been newly selected.  The general format of each section remains the same. Where applicable, there is a condensed review of embryology, histology, anatomy, and physiology as each pertains to clinical surgery. Thus, the student receives the most appropriate assistance in making the difficult transition from the basic science level to that of clinical medicine. Then follow descriptions of clinical course, diagnosis, surgical treatment, and complications.
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY BASED PREDICTION OF ANGIOGRAPHIC DEPLOYMENT ANGLES MAY REDUCE PROCEDURE TIME AND CONTRAST MEDIUM VOLUME FOR TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Dominik Fleischmann, Catherine Dao, Theodore Blake, F. Edward Boas, David Liang, Alan Yeung, William Fearon, Michael Fischbein, D. Craig Miller
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
PLASTIC FLAP IN SURGERY OF THE TONSILS
Authors: ROBERT H. FOWLER
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Today the surgeon in almost every instance can assure the patient that the tonsils will be successfully removed—the tonsil, the whole tonsil and nothing but the tonsil—without injury to the other structures of the throat; yet four decades ago such assurance was the exception rather than the rule. Up to the turn of the century tonsillotomy (partial removal) was practiced, and the use of that operation continued through the first decade; in the second decade of this century too much was removed; automatic instruments came into vogue which stripped away from the throat a thin sheet of muscle; in the third and fourth decades standards of removal of the tonsils have been improved until a muscle free dissection is the common aim of all.  MUSCLE FREE DISSECTION  Anatomic research has shown that the tonsil is not a spherical cyst with a thick capsule, as has been believed, but is instead
Polyamine-modulated Factor-1 Methylation Predicts Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Response in Patients with High-grade Non–muscle-invasive Bladder Carcinoma
Authors: Miguel Alvarez-Múgica, Jesus M. Fernández-Gómez, Virginia Cebrian, Florentino Fresno, Safwan Escaf, Marta Sánchez-Carbayo
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Sildenafil Effect on the Human Bladder Involves the L-cysteine/Hydrogen Sulfide Pathway: A Novel Mechanism of Action of Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors
Authors: Ferdinando Fusco, Roberta d’Emmanuele di Villa Bianca, Emma Mitidieri, Giuseppe Cirino, Raffaella Sorrentino, Vincenzo Mirone
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Bile salt tests in clinical practice.
Authors: K W Heaton
Journal: BMJ (1979)

to restore the joint surface.7 In patients with osteochondritis dissecans the fragment should be removed if it has separated from the underlying bone and cartilage. The crater from which it originated should be carefully inspected and any other loose pieces excised.3 The treatment of synovial osteochondromatosis poses more difficult problems. Miligram4 has postulated that there are three recognisable phases of the disease : active intrasynovial
The Effects of the World Trade Center Event on Birth Outcomes among Term Deliveries at Three Lower Manhattan Hospitals
Authors: Sally Ann Lederman, Virginia Rauh, Lisa Weiss, Janet L. Stein, Lori A. Hoepner, Mark Becker, Frederica P. Perera
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

The effects of prenatal exposure to pollutants from the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster on fetal growth and subsequent health and development of exposed children remain a source of concern. We assessed the impact of gestational timing of the disaster and distance from the WTC in the 4 weeks after 11 September on the birth outcomes of 300 nonsmoking women who were pregnant at the time of the event. They were recruited at delivery between December 2001 and June 2002 from three hospitals close to the WTC site. Residential and work addresses of all participants for each of the 4 weeks after 11 September 2001 were geocoded for classification by place and timing of exposure. Average daily hours spent at each location were based on the women's reports for each week. Biomedical pregnancy and delivery data extracted from the medical records of each mother and newborn included medical complications, type of delivery, length of gestation, birth weight, birth length, and head circumference. Term infants born to women who were pregnant on 11 September 2001 and who were living within a 2-mile radius of the WTC during the month after the event showed significant decrements in term birth weight (-149 g) and birth length (-0.82 cm), compared with infants born to the other pregnant women studied, after controlling for sociodemographic and biomedical risk factors. The decrements remained significant with adjustment for gestational duration (-122 g and -0.74 cm, respectively). Women in the first trimester of pregnancy at the time of the WTC event delivered infants with significantly shorter gestation (-3.6 days) and a smaller head circumference (-0.48 cm), compared with women at later stages of pregnancy, regardless of the distance of their residence or work sites from the WTC. The observed adverse effects suggest an impact of pollutants and/or stress related to the WTC disaster and have implications for the health and development of exposed children.
Electronic nicotine delivery systems
Authors: Francesco Blasi, Brian Ward
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

We thank K. Nackaerts and L. Joossens for correctly pointing out an error in our editorial "Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS): the beginning of the end or the end of the beginning?" [1]. Where the Editorial states that "there will be a maximum nicotine volume for e-cigarettes (2 mL for single use and 10 mL for refillable cartridges), and a maximum nicotine concentration for refillable cartridges, tanks and containers of nicotine liquids (20 mg·mL−1)", it should read "according to Article 20 3 (a) and 20 3 (b) of Directive 2014/40/EU [2], 'Member States shall ensure that: (a) nicotine-containing liquid is only placed on the market in dedicated refill containers not exceeding a volume of 10 ml, in disposable electronic cigarettes or in single use cartridges and that the cartridges or tanks do not exceed a volume of 2 ml; (b) the nicotine-containing liquid does not contain nicotine in excess of 20 mg/ml'." This error has also been addressed as an Author Correction in this issue of the European Respiratory Journal . A correction on electronic nicotine delivery systems <http://ow.ly/EWkzj>
CASE OF EXTREMELY LONG PREGNANCY.
Authors: J. ARTHUR LAMB
Journal: JAMA (1905)

I have had an exceptional opportunity for obtaining accurate data in a case of long pregnancy, and later, of finding what seemed to be the probable cause. <h3>Patient.</h3> —Mrs. T., aged 46, height 5 feet 5 inches, weight 155 pounds. <h3>Previous History.</h3> —The patient has always enjoyed good health; she has had nine normal confinements, her oldest child being 23 years old, the youngest 5 years, all living; she never had a miscarriage and never vomited except when pregnant. She has always vomited for the first three months of pregnancy, and has never been more than a week out in the expected date of confinement. Menstruation was always regular till the last child was born, since which time she has occasionally missed one or two periods, which she thought was due to a change of life. <h3>History of Pregnancy.</h3> —June 29, 1904, she commenced vomiting, and a few days later
The Validity and Reliability of Photographic Documentation of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy
Authors: Stanley P. Azen, Alexander R. Irvine, Matthew D. Davis, Walter Stern, Lawrence Lonn, George Hilton, Ariah Schwartz, Donna Boone, Beth Quillen-Thomas, Maureen Lyons, John S. Lean, S.P. Azen, W. Barlow, D. Boone, B. Quillen-Thomas, M.S. Cox, M.S. Blumenkranz, R.R. Margherio, P.L. Murphy, M.T. Trese, S. Lichterman, G.W. Blankenship, J. Clarkson, H. Flynn, M. Espinal, B.W. McCuen, B. Anderson, E. deJuan, R. Machemer, E. Stefansson, J.S. Tiedeman, M.M. Anderson, T.A. Meredith, T.M. Aaberg, H.J. Kaplan, P. Sternberg, L. Curtis, H.M. Freeman, F.I. Tolentino, E. Rapp, S. Anderson, A. Busby, B.M. Glaser, S. de Bustros, R. Michels, A. Alford, J. Hupp, G.W. Abrams, T. Burton, W.F. Mieler, G.A. Williams, A. Prescott, A. Kreiger, K.R. Diddie, J. Sidikaro, M. Yoshizumi, P. Armstrong, D. Kilburn, W.H. Stern, A.R. Irvine, R.D. Stone, F. Ballesteros, J.S. Lean, P.E. Liggett, S.J. Ryan, A.F. Walonker, J.L. Federman, D. Fischer, L.K. Sarin, W.S. Tasman, R. Reber, W.L. Hutton, D.G. Fuller, B. Jost, W.R. Snyder, W.B. Spender, A. Vaiser, D. Power, C.S. Barr, R.A. Isernhagen, N.D. Radtke, W.J. Wood, F. Wagner, G.K. Whittington, R.C. Ramsay, H.L. Cantrill, W.H. Knoblock, S. Cook, A. Irvine, G. Hilton, L. Lonn, A. Schwartz, J. Hoffman, A. Hillis, A.A. Afifi, D. Finkelstein, E.B. McLean, A.S. Rudisill, C.P. Wilkinson, S.P. Azen, J.S. Lean, R. Mowery, S.J. Ryan, S.J. Ryan, S.P. Azen, J.S. Lean, W.H. Stern, G.W. Abrams, M.D. Davis, A. Irvine, B.W. McCuen, P. Dudley, I. Goldberg, J. McLaughlin, R. Mowery, A. Rathjen, M.D. Davis, L. Hubbard
Journal: Ophthalmology (1989)
Improved engraftment of human hematopoietic cells in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice carrying human cytokine transgenes.
Authors: T A Bock, D Orlic, C E Dunbar, H E Broxmeyer, D M Bodine
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

We have generated immunodeficient scid-/scid- (SCID)-transgenic mice expressing the genes for human interleukin 3, granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor, and stem cell factor. We have compared engraftment and differentiation of human hematopoietic cells in transgenic SCID mice with two strains of nontransgenic SCID mice. Human bone marrow cells carrying the CD34 antigen or human umbilical cord blood were injected into sublethally irradiated recipients. Human DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction in peripheral blood and bone marrow of 14 of 28 transgenic SCID mice after transplantation, but in only 2 of 15 nontransgenic SCID littermates at a 10-fold lower level. Bone marrow cultures 8 wk after transplantation of cord blood gave rise to human burst-forming unit erythroid, colony-forming unit granulocyte/macrophage, or granulocyte/erythroid/macrophage/megakaryocyte colonies. Engraftment was observed for up to 6 mo in transgenic SCID mice, twice as long as nontransgenic littermates or previous studies in which transplanted SCID mice were given daily injections of growth factors. We conclude that the level and duration of engraftment of human cells in SCID mice can be improved by expression of human cytokine transgenes and that transgenic SCID mice are an efficient model system for the study of human hematopoiesis.
BACKGROUND FACTORS AND SYMPTOM PRESENTATION IN A CHILD GUIDANCE CLINIC
Authors: FRANK G. BUCKNAM, MARVIN REZNIKOFF
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1960)

The study undertook to evaluate the kinds of family utilizing the services of the Children's Clinic of the Institute of Living. In line with the previous investigation of Roach, Gurrslin and Hunt, 5 demographic factors were examined in 239 clinic patients. These were (a) sex of child, (b) family size, (c) occupation of major wage earner, (d) race and (e) religion. In addition, an effort was made to categorize presenting symptoms. The distribution of each of these descriptive characteristics in the clinic population was compared with census figures for the general population of the Greater Hartford area. The pattern of presenting symptoms found in the Hartford Clinic was contrasted with the results of the previous study. An effort was also made to determine whether these factors and the various kinds of presenting complaints were related in any way. It was found that the Hartford Clinic group did not always conform to general population expectation, particularly with respect to composition by sex, and number of children in the family and also differed from the Buffalo clinic. Statistically significant associations were obtained between occupational level and race and the symptom categories subsuming acting out and social withdrawal types of behavior.
Therapeutic suppression of translation initiation modulates chemosensitivity in a mouse lymphoma model
Authors: Marie-Eve Bordeleau, Francis Robert, Baudouin Gerard, Lisa Lindqvist, Samuel M.H. Chen, Hans-Guido Wendel, Brigitte Brem, Harald Greger, Scott W. Lowe, John A. Porco, Jerry Pelletier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Disablement of cell death programs in cancer cells contributes to drug resistance and in some cases has been associated with altered translational control. As eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) cooperates with c-Myc during lymphomagenesis, induces drug resistance, and is a genetic modifier of the rapamycin response, we have investigated the effect of dysregulation of the ribosome recruitment phase of translation initiation on tumor progression and chemosensitivity. eIF4E is a subunit of eIF4F, a complex that stimulates ribosome recruitment during translation initiation by delivering the DEAD-box RNA helicase eIF4A to the 5′ end of mRNAs. eIF4A is thought to prepare a ribosome landing pad on mRNA templates for incoming 40S ribosomes (and associated factors). Using small molecule screening, we found that cyclopenta[b]benzofuran flavaglines, a class of natural products, modulate eIF4A activity and inhibit translation initiation. One member of this class of compounds, silvestrol, was able to enhance chemosensitivity in a mouse lymphoma model in which carcinogenesis is driven by phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) inactivation or elevated eIF4E levels. These results establish that targeting translation initiation can restore drug sensitivity in vivo and provide an approach to modulating chemosensitivity.
Risk of Developing AIDS in HIV-Infected Cohorts of Hemophilic and Homosexual Men
Authors: Janine Jason
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The latency period and/or incidence of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) may differ in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus by different routes or having different "cofactors." We compared 79 hemophilic men in Pennsylvania and 117 homosexual and bisexual men in California, all having known dates of infection and long postinfection observation periods, to examine these hypotheses. By 1987, twenty-one percent of the hemophilic and 27% of the homosexual men had developed AIDS. However, seroconversion patterns differed for the two groups, and when this was taken into account, the conditional odds ratio for AIDS was 1.20. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed no significant difference in the cumulative proportion with AIDS, from time of infection. These results are limited by the small size and geographically localized nature of our study populations, but they suggest that currently the relative length of human immunodeficiency virus infection is of primary importance in comparing disease outcome for different populations.