tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Much about HIV
Authors: Jane Smith
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Sometimes we deliberately build an issue around a theme; sometimes a theme just emerges. Some craft went into the cluster of articles that we have in this week's issue on HIV, but mostly it just happened.

The part that just happened is in the news—and is mostly gloomy. In his speech on HIV to the UN general assembly the UN secretary general points out that the numbers of people with the disease are still rising: 40 million people are living with HIV world wide; 8000 die and 12 000 become infected every day; and for every person who starts treatment with …
Full data from Thai HIV vaccine study show no significant protective effect
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Disclosure of the full data from the trial of an HIV vaccine in Thailand shows that although there was a trend towards the prevention of HIV among vaccine recipients this did not reach statistical significance.

The study sparked controversy in September when the authors released incomplete trial results, in which one type of analysis showed the vaccine reduced infection rate by a third ( BMJ 2009;339:b3963, doi:10.1136/bmj.b3963). Critics said that they should have waited until complete data were available for release.

The additional data were presented at the AIDS Vaccine 2009 conference in Paris on 20 October and simultaneously published in the New England Journal of …
Color and Finish of Paper for Bookmaking.
Authors: A. C. Simonton
Journal: JAMA (1897)

San Jose, Cal., July 8, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Since I penned a few thoughts in the April 24 issue of theJournal, on the subject of glossy paper for periodical and bookmaking purposes, I have been thinking more on the subject, and the more I think the more I am convinced that the matter needs thorough agitation all round. If one will call to mind the large number of periodicals and books now printed on paper of high glossy finish he will conclude that this style of paper is becoming a " fad." A journal published in St. Louis entitled<i>The American Medical Journalist</i>, notices my former article and makes the following comments: "Dr. Simonton of San José, Cal., objects to the high finish of the paper upon which theJournal of the American Medical Associationis being printed, and claims that the 'gloss,' as he terms it, is injurious
54 Loss of maternal-specific methylation at the l'insuline growth factor 2 (IGF2) locus is a predictive factor for the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in hepatitis C virus (HCV) cirrhosis
Authors: N. Ganne-Carrié, J. Paries, A. Carrié, P. Couvert, A. Kerjean, J.C. Trinchet, M. Beaugrand
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
STUDIES OF DISEASES OF THE LYMPHOID AND MYELOID TISSUES. I
Authors: Henry Jackson, Frederic Parker, Eugene C. Glover
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1930)

From a study of the metabolism of 71 lymph nodes and tumors one may conclude: 1. The nature of a tumor can not be predicted from the metabolism because too much overlapping of metabolic rates exists between the pathological groups. 2. There is no evidence metabolically one way or another as to whether malignant lymphomata of any type should be classed as neoplastic or as infectious processes. 3. The degree of cell differentiation can in most cases be foretold by the percentage difference between the aerobic and the anaerobic glycolysis. The greater the differentiation the greater the percentage difference. Sarcomata in general constitute an exception to this rule. 4. The degree of malignancy in carcinoma, but not in other tumors, can, with certain exceptions, be predicted from the height of the value U. 5. Human sarcomata appear to have a metabolism far more closely comparable to that of benign tumors than to that of carcinomata. They do not behave as malignant tumors under the Warburg classification. Their energy requirements are not of the same order as those of carcinoma. 6. One can not from the value U or from the glycolytic rates predict whether or not a tissue should be classed as neoplastic. 7. Warburg's findings for carcinomata are confirmed and amplified.
THE TECHNIC OF OPERATIONS FOR CARCINOMA OF THE BREAST.
Authors: MILES F. PORTER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The chief object of operation for cancer of the breast is, of course, the cure of the cancer. This is as it should be, but it is also important that the convalescence of the patient be as comfortable and as rapid as possible, and that the resulting disability be as slight as consistent with radical removal of the growth. It is especially with a view of aiding somewhat in the accomplishment of the last-named objects that this paper is written. The chief basis of the paper—aside from a study of the literature—is my personal experience in this line of work, something over fifty cases of radical removal. <h3>SUPERFICIAL INCISION.</h3> This must be varied often to suit the case in hand, but the skin forming the floor of the axillary space should not be incised except in cases wherein the removal of a portion of it is necessary. There are two
The House Call
Authors: Ronald H. Lands
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Use of the Physician Insurers Association of America Database as a Surveillance Tool for Diabetes-Related Malpractice Claims in the U.S.
Authors: Valerie Meredith, Curtiss B Cook, Alan Penman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To examine the available national surveillance data on malpractice claims associated with diabetes and to determine the medical specialties having the highest number of claims and the classes and costs of filed claims relating to diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data was abstracted from the Data Sharing Reports (DSRs) of the Physicians Insurers Association of America (PIAA), as well as a search of the PIAA's computerized database for the period spanning 1 January 1985 to 31 December 1996. Data on numbers of claims, medical causes of loss, indemnity paid, demographics of claimants and physicians, severity, and medical specialties with diabetes-related claims were available. RESULTS A total of 906 diabetes claims were reported to PIAA, and the total indemnity paid was $26,892,848. A significant downward trend (P = 0.004) was noted for the period between 1993 and 1996. Diabetes claimants were older and predominately male, relative to all claimants. Ophthalmology, internal medicine, and general and family practice had the highest rates of reported claims at 16.5, 13.6, and 13.4 diabetes claims per 1,000 claims, respectively. Of the diabetes-related injuries, 44% occurred in the practitioner's office, as compared with 27% for all claims. A greater proportion of diabetes claims were associated with the highest level of severity of injury with respect to all claims compiled by the PIAA. CONCLUSIONS The database of the PIAA can be a useful resource to monitor trends in diabetes-related malpractice. Further study into whether claims result from lack of adherence to practice guidelines is needed. Prevention programs designed to reduce the liability among high-risk specialties may also lead to improved care for the patient with diabetes.
Two distinct layer-specific dynamics of cortical ensembles during learning of a motor task
Authors: Yoshito Masamizu, Yasuhiro R Tanaka, Yasuyo H Tanaka, Riichiro Hira, Fuki Ohkubo, Kazuo Kitamura, Yoshikazu Isomura, Takashi Okada, Masanori Matsuzaki
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2014)
Aortic arch malformations and ventricular septal defect in mice deficient in endothelin-1.
Authors: Y Kurihara, H Kurihara, H Oda, K Maemura, R Nagai, T Ishikawa, Y Yazaki
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a 21-amino acid peptide with vari- ous biological activities including vasoconstriction and cell proliferation.To clarify the physiological and pathophysiological role of ET-1, we disrupted the mouse Edni locus encoding ET-1 by gene targeting and demonstrated that ET- 1 is essential to the normal development of pharyngeal arch- derived tissues and organs.In this study, we focused on the phenotypic manifestations of EdnI -'-homozygous mice in the cardiovascular system.Edn -'-homozygotes display cardiovascular malformations including interrupted aortic arch (23% ), tubular hypoplasia of the aortic arch (4.6% ), aberrant right subclavian artery (12.9%), and ventricular septal defect with abnormalities of the outflow tract (48.4%).The frequency and extent of these abnormalities are increased by treatment with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies or a selective ETA receptor antagonist BQ123.At an earlier embryonic stage, formation of pharyngeal arch arteries and endocardial cushion is disturbed in Ednl-'homozygotes.In situ hybridization confirmed ET-1 expres- sion in the endothelium of the arch arteries and cardiac outflow tract and the endocardial cushion as well as in the epithelium of the pharyngeal arches.Thus, ET-1 is involved in the normal development of the heart and great vessels, and circulating ET-1 and/or other ET isoforms may cause a functional redundancy, at least partly, through the ETA receptor.(
Safety and Efficacy of Sustained&amp;ndash;Release Alfuzosin on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Suggestive of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in 3,095 Spanish Patients Evaluated during General Practice
Authors: M. S&aacute;nchez-Chapado, M. Guil, V. Alfaro, Ll. Badiella, N. Fern&aacute;ndez-Hernando
Journal: European Urology (2000)
Prospects for the Future of Child Health Through Research
Authors: Ralph D. Feigin
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Improvements in child health through research will be made at an increasingly accelerated pace during the post-genomic era. Advances made possible through genomics, proteomics, and the application of nanosystem technology, coupled with a greater understanding of the influence of the environment on human genes, will enhance our ability to prevent, modify, or cure numerous childhood disorders. This article reviews some of the more pressing and important causes of morbidity and mortality in children, discusses the manner in which some of the newer technologies may be applied to investigations of these disorders, and offers predictions concerning the effect that new discoveries may have in ameliorating the morbid consequences of childhood diseases. The need to design and implement prospective long-term studies to determine the most effective ways to reduce the burden of preventable problems, which are rooted in societal issues (child abuse, alcoholism, drug abuse, and homicide) is highlighted. Physician-scientists also must address the ethical, political, and social questions already raised by recent advances in medicine.
Autoantibodies in patients with bronchial carcinoma.
Authors: M E Hodson, M Turner-Warwick
Journal: Thorax (1975)

No overall increase in the incidence of antinuclear, smooth muscle or reticulin antibodies was observed in a group of 105 patients with bronchial carcinoma of various classified histological types. Smooth muscle antibody was, however, demonstrated in 27% of patients with undifferentiated carcinoma compared to 5% of controls (P less than 0-05). A highly significant increase in antinuclear antibodies in patients with adenocarcinoma was found (31% compared with 5% of controls--P less than 0-01). There as no apparent correlation between the presence of these antibodies and age, sex or other clinical features studied. A detailed study of the reproducibility of the antibody results, studied by indirect immunofluorescence in patients with bronchial carcinoma, is reported.
Endoscopic Features of Celiac Disease in Adults and Their Correlation with Age, Histological Damage, and Clinical Form of the Disease
Authors: A. Tursi, G. Brandimarte, G. M. Giorgetti, A. Gigliobianco
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Although earlier studies have focused on endoscopic markers as predictors of celiac disease, there are still no certainties about the value of these markers. The aim of this study was to consider first, specific endoscopic features as predictors of specific histological damage; secondly, whether there is an association between the endoscopic features of celiac disease and the age of patients at the time of diagnosis; and thirdly, whether particular endoscopic features of celiac disease are associated with the clinical form of the disease.We studied the endoscopic features of celiac disease in 144 consecutive adult patients (52 had the classical form of the disease, 64 the subclinical and 28 the silent form). The histopathological findings were expressed according to the Marsh classification.Slight/mild damage seen at endoscopy was associated with a Marsh II-IIIa grading (P < 0.005), while severe endoscopic damage was related to a Marsh IIIb-IIIc grading (P < 0.0005). Younger patients showed slighter damage at endoscopy (P < 0.001), while older patients showed more severe damage (P < 0.005). Finally, the classical form of celiac disease showed more severe damage at endoscopy, while the subclinical/silent forms of celiac disease showed slighter damage endoscopically (P < 0.001).This study showed that the endoscopic appearance of the duodenum may be predictive of histological damage grading. Moreover, we showed that in young patients with subclinical/silent celiac disease there is a greater probability of finding slight/mild endoscopic abnormalities associated with slight/mild histological damage.
Developmental cytokine response profiles from birth to age three in a high-risk-for-atopy cohort [COAST (childhood origins of asthma)]
Authors: S.L. Friedlander, Z. Li, C.J. Tisler, D.F. Da Silva, K.A. Roberg, E. Anderson, R.E. Gangnon, J.E. Gern, R.F. Lemanske
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
A synthetic peptide inhibitor for alpha-chemokines inhibits the growth of melanoma cell lines.
Authors: S Hayashi, A Kurdowska, A B Cohen, M D Stevens, N Fujisawa, E J Miller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Melanoma growth stimulatory activity (MGSA/GROalpha) is a 73 amino acid peptide sharing sequence characteristics with the alpha-chemokine superfamily. MGSA/GROalpha is produced by diverse melanoma cell lines and reported to act as an autocrine growth factor for the cells. We tested the binding of MGSA/GROalpha to melanoma cell lines, Hs 294T and RPMI7951, and found that these cells could bind to MGSA/GROalpha but not to interleukin-8. Recently, we defined a novel hexapeptide, antileukinate, which is a potent inhibitor of binding of alpha-chemokines to their receptors on neutrophils. When antileukinate was added to melanoma cells, it inhibited the binding of MGSA/ GROalpha. The growth of cells from both melanoma cell lines was suppressed completely in the presence of 100 microM peptide. The cell growth inhibition was reversed by the removal of the peptide from the culture media or by the addition of the excess amount of MGSA/GROalpha. The viability of Hs 294T cells in the presence of 100 microM peptide was > 92%. These findings suggest that MGSA/GROalpha is an essential autostimulatory growth factor for melanoma cells and antileukinate inhibits their growth by preventing MGSA/GROalpha from binding to its receptors.
Disinfection of Schoolrooms
Authors: J. T. Ainslie Walker
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor</h3> —In your issue of Dec. 14, 1912, p. 2171, is a miscellaneous item dealing with a paper on the above subject read by me at the Fifteenth International Congress on Hygiene and Demography. The item in question, after outlining the suggestions contained in my paper, concludes: "The Journal is disposed to wonder as to the reception which would be given to this mode of disinfection. The continuous odor of phenol throughout the school building, which would perhaps be even carried home in the scholars' clothing, might arouse protest which would interfere with the carrying out of the plan." May I respectfully point out that you have misunderstood my meaning in this connection! The paragraph in my paper to which the above quotation relaies reads as follows: "To avoid the objectionable odor inseparable from the use of certain disinfectants of low efficiency (necessitating proportionately low dilutions),
Adverse Reactions to Blood Donation Among Adolescents—Reply
Authors: Anne F. Eder
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Endoscopic papillectomy for early ampullary tumors: long-term results from a large multicenter prospective study
Authors: Bertrand Napoleon, Rodica Gincul, Thierry Ponchon, Julien Berthiller, Jean Escourrou, Jean-Marc Canard, Jean Boyer, Marc Barthet, Philippe Ponsot, René Laugier, Thierry Helbert, Dimitri Coumaros, Jean-Yves Scoazec, François Mion, Jean-Christophe Saurin
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Endoscopic papillectomy of early tumors of the ampulla of Vater is an alternative to surgery. This large prospective multicenter study was aimed at evaluating the long-term results of endoscopic papillectomy. <b>Patients and methods:</b> Between September 2003 and January 2006, 10 centers included all patients referred for endoscopic papillectomy and meeting the inclusion criteria: biopsies showing at least adenoma, a uT1N0 lesion without intraductal involvement at endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), and no previous treatment. A standardized endoscopic papillectomy was done, with endoscopic monitoring with biopsies 4 – 8 weeks later where complications were recorded and complementary resection performed when necessary. Follow-up with duodenoscopy, biopsies, and EUS was done at 6, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months. Therapeutic success was defined as complete resection (no residual tumor found at early monitoring) without duodenal submucosal invasion in the resection specimen in the case of adenocarcinoma and without relapse during follow-up. <b>Results:</b> 93 patients were enrolled. Mortality was 0.9 % and morbidity 35 %, including pancreatitis in 20 %, bleeding 10 %, biliary complications 7 %, perforation 3.6 %, and papillary stenosis in 1.8 %. Adenoma was not confirmed in the resection specimen in 14 patients who were therefore excluded. Initial treatment was insufficient in 9 cases (8 carcinoma with submucosal invasion; 1 persistence of adenoma). During follow-up, 5 patients had tumor recurrence and 7 died from unrelated diseases without recurrence. Finally, 81.0 % of patients were cured (95 % confidence interval 72.3 % – 89.7 %). <b>Conclusion:</b> Endoscopic papillectomy of selected ampullary tumors is curative in 81.0 % of cases. It must be considered to be the first-line treatment for early tumors of the ampulla of Vater without intraductal invasion.
Associations between Serum Testosterone Fall and Cognitive Function in Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Eeva K. Salminen, Raija I. Portin, Aki Koskinen, Hans Helenius, Martti Nurmi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Data on the association between cognition and testosterone levels in elderly men are inconclusive. Androgen deprivation therapy is commonly used in the treatment of prostate cancer with the aim of achieving castration levels of serum testosterone. The study group comprised 26 elderly men (mean age 65 years) with newly diagnosed prostate cancer. Cognitive testing was done at baseline and at 6 and 12 months on androgen deprivation therapy. Cognitive performances were evaluated using verbal, visuomotor, and memory tests as well as tests of processing speed and attention. Castration levels of testosterone were achieved in all patients by 6 months. Significant associations between cognitive performances and testosterone decline were documented: visuomotor slowing, slowed reaction times in some attentional domains including working memory and impaired hit rate in a vigilance test, impaired delayed recall and recognition speed of letters, but improvement in object recall. The results suggest selective associations between testosterone decline and cognition. Documentation of cognitive performance with changes in serum testosterone levels has substantial implications for informed patient support in prostate cancer.
Future of Clinical Pharmacology
Authors: R. J. Ancill, D. A. Norton
Journal: BMJ (1969)

to the start of another, with perhaps a lower peak on this occasion because of improved environmental conditions and hygienic stan- dards.The fact that the disease has been notifiable and therefore susceptible to some extent to public health action from 1944 onwards may also have had some influence on reducing its severity, but this is largely con- jecture.-I am, etc.,