tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Palindromic rheumatism. II. Failure to detect circulating immune complexes during acute episodes.
Authors: B Thompson, I Mohammed, E J Holborow, H L Currey
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1979)

Thirty-eight samples of blood and 2 of synovial fluid were obtained from 19 patients suffering from palindromic rheumatism. In 12 cases samples were obtained from the same patient both during and between acute attacks. The presence of immune complexes was sought by a C1q-binding test. Most patients gave negative results: moderately elevated levels were obtained in a few. Broadly the pattern of results showed that individual patients were either positive or negative irrespective of whether they were in an attack or in remission. C3 and C4 measurements showed no significant abnormalities, confirming previous studies. Patients with elevated C1q-binding tests tended to be seropositive. We speculate that these are patients more likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis.
Pfizer's reply to de Monteverde-Robb
Authors: B. Phillips
Journal: BMJ (2011)

For several months Pfizer has faced supply issues with its intravenous preparation of lorazepam (Ativan), which until recently has been produced by a third party manufacturer, Recipharm, on behalf of Pfizer.1 On 30 June 2011, Recipharm informed Pfizer of the immediate closure of …
Multiple-site carcinogenicity of benzene in Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice.
Authors: J E Huff, J K Haseman, D M DeMarini, S Eustis, R R Maronpot, A C Peters, R L Persing, C E Chrisp, A C Jacobs
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of benzene (CAS No. 71-43-2; greater than 99.7% pure) were conducted in groups of 60 F344/N rats and 60 B6C3F1 mice of each sex for each of three exposure doses and vehicle controls. These composite studies on benzene were designed and conducted because of large production volume and widespread human exposure, because of the epidemiologic association with leukemia, and because previous experiments were considered inadequate or inconclusive for determining carcinogenicity in laboratory animals. Using the results from 17-week studies, doses for the 2-year studies were selected based on clinical observations (tremors in higher dosed mice), on clinical pathologic findings (lymphoid depletion in rats and leukopenia in mice), and on body weight effects. Doses of 0, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg body weight benzene in corn oil were administered by gavage to male rats, 5 days per week, for 103 weeks. Doses of 0, 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg benzene in corn oil were administered by gavage to female rats and to male and female mice for 103 weeks. Ten animals in each of the 16 groups were killed at 12 months, and necropsies were performed. Hematologic profiles were performed at 3-month intervals. For the 2-year studies, mean body weights of the top dose groups of male rats and of both sexes of mice were lower than those of the controls. Survivals of the top dose group of rats and mice of each sex were reduced; however, at week 92 for rats and week 91 for mice, survival was greater than 60% in all groups; most of the dosed animals that died before week 103 had neoplasia. Compound-related nonneoplastic or neoplastic effects on the hematopoietic system, Zymbal gland, forestomach, and adrenal gland were found both for rats and mice. Further, the oral cavity was affected in rats, and the lung, liver, Harderian gland, preputial gland, ovary, and mammary gland were affected in mice. Under the conditions of these 2-year gavage studies, there was clear evidence of carcinogenicity of benzene in male F344/N rats, female F344/N rats, male B6C3F1 mice, and female B6C3F1 mice. In male rats, benzene caused increased incidences of Zymbal gland carcinomas, squamous cell papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity, and squamous cell papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin. In female rats, benzene caused increased incidences of Zymbal gland carcinomas and squamous cell papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
In vivo evaluation of piperine and synthetic analogues as potential treatments for vitiligo using a sparsely pigmented mouse model
Authors: L. Faas, R. Venkatasamy, R.C. Hider, A.R. Young, A. Soumyanath
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Piperine and its analogues have been reported to stimulate melanocyte replication in vitro and may be useful in treating the depigmenting disease, vitiligo.To investigate the ability of piperine (PIP) and three analogues to stimulate pigmentation in a strain of sparsely pigmented mice.The test compounds were PIP [5-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2,4-pentadienoylpiperidine], tetrahydropiperine [THP, 5-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-pentanoylpiperidine], a cyclohexyl analogue of piperine [CHP, 5-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2,4-pentadienoylcyclohexylamine], and reduced CHP [rCHP, 5-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2,4-pentanoylcyclohexylamine]. Sparsely pigmented, HRA/Skh-II mice were randomized to receive topical treatment with test compounds or vehicle twice a day for five days a week, with or without ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on 3 days a week. Treatment was either continuous or interrupted to evaluate fading and repigmentation. Skin inflammation and pigmentation were evaluated regularly during treatment. DOPA+ melanocytes were determined histologically at the termination of treatment.Four weeks of treatment with one of the compounds PIP, THP or rCHP, but not CHP, induced greater pigmentation than vehicle with low levels of inflammation. Additional exposure to UVR led to darker pigmentation than did the compound or UVR alone, and greater numbers of DOPA+ melanocytes were found. The combination produced an even pigmentation pattern, contrasting with the speckled, perifollicular pattern produced by UVR alone. Treatment interruption led to a decrease in pigmentation but not its loss. Repigmentation was achieved by administering one of the compounds, UVR or both, and occurred faster than in naïve mice.Treatment with PIP, THP or rCHP and UVR induced a marked pigmentation response in HRA/Skh-II mice, with clinically better results than UVR alone. This result supports the potential use of these compounds in treating vitiligo.
Anticoagulants in Coronary Disease
Authors: A. R. Gilchrist, J. A. Tulloch
Journal: BMJ (1954)

PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE "I BRrr= 100 mg. may be given at weekly intervals.The treatment may produce objective improvement in ischaemic necrosis and symptomatic benefit in patients with persistent cold feet, but has no effect on intermittent claudication.Many patients with symptoms primarily referable to the skin will improve after sympathectomy, but the selection of suitable cases in the elderly grows more difficult with increasing age.
CARCINOMA OF THE PROSTATE
Authors: ROBERT H. HERBST
Journal: JAMA (1922)

In this brief report, we wish to discuss some observations and conclusions based on a review of the literature and our personal experience with the prostatic cancer problem. The literature is crowded with case reports, methods of treatment and statistics of results, but few have considered ways and means by which a larger percentage of these patients may be discovered early enough to give them permanent relief. The incidence of cancer of the prostate to that of benign hypertrophy varies in reports from 15 to 25 per cent. The differentiation of cancer by our present methods of local examination is at times impossible, so that it is probably safe to estimate that at least one in four tumors of the prostate is malignant. Fully one third of these patients give evidence of bone metastases at the time they seek relief, and many who do not show such evidence have extensive
Death and Dying
Authors: PATRICK B. FRIEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Attitudes toward death have changed dramatically over the centuries. Death had been viewed as a natural event to be accepted without undue fear, and presided over by the dying person. In recent times, however, death has been transformed into a lonely and frequently painful ordeal occurring in the isolation of a hospital room, presided over by the physician and other health care personnel. In the course of a terminal illness, the role of the physician should change from curing to caring. This role needs a full understanding of the various adaptive stages involved in facing death, from initial denial to ultimate acceptance. The physician must also appreciate the various components, both physical and psychological, that constitute the pain of dying.
Infrapopliteal Transcatheter Interventions for Limb Salvage in Diabetic Patients: Importance of Aggressive Interventional Approach and Role of Transcutaneous Oximetry
Authors: George P Hanna, Ken Fujise, Olle Kjellgren, Steven Feld, Caroline Fife, George Schroth, Tom Clanton, Vernon Anderson, Richard W Smalling
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Prognostic Significance of Myocardial Fibrosis in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Rory O'Hanlon, Agata Grasso, Michael Roughton, James C. Moon, Susan Clark, Ricardo Wage, Jessica Webb, Meghana Kulkarni, Dana Dawson, Leena Sulaibeekh, Badri Chandrasekaran, Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci, Ferdinando Pasquale, Martin R. Cowie, William J. McKenna, Mary N. Sheppard, Perry M. Elliott, Dudley J. Pennell, Sanjay K. Prasad
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
LOCAL AND REGIONAL ANESTHESIA IN RECTAL SURGERY.A SYNOPSIS OF SEVENTY OPERATIONS.
Authors: A. B. COOKE
Journal: JAMA (1906)

One of the most noteworthy advances in the surgery of the rectum during the past decade consists in the development and perfection of the technic which renders it possible to perform the majority of the operations on this organ under local anesthesia. This possibility will be questioned by some, perhaps disputed by others; but theoretical objections are not entitled to weight in the face of facts to the contrary. During the past year and a half I have called attention to this subject on a number of occasions. As my experience with the method has enlarged, I have become more deeply impressed with its value, and in the light of this experience I wish again to bespeak for it the consideration which its many advantages merit. I have heard other operators, a very few, however, express different sentiments, but so far as my experience qualifies me to speak, general anesthesia
Evolution, Lactase Levels, and Global Hunger
Authors: Thomas P. Almy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Milk is still rightly identified as the most nearly "perfect food" for infants; yet its place in the nutrition of older children and adults has become a subject of controversy. Although the dairy industry would have us believe that we never outgrow our need for milk, it appears that in man and virtually every other mammalian species, the capability of digesting its sugar, lactose, declines sharply beyond the period of infancy. The lactase levels of adults commonly remain relatively high only in the peoples, mostly whites, who over the last 9000 years or so have learned to keep dairy animals . . .
1003. Inhibition of HBV Replication In Vivo by HBx-Specific siRNA
Authors: Sooin Kim, Duckhyang Shin, Meehyein Kim, Mahnhoon Park
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes acute and chronic hepatitis that could result in severe liver diseases such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Because of the restricted host range of HBV, it has been difficult to study HBV replication in vivo and to test in vivo efficacy of possible antiviral therapeutics. In this study, we reproduced a naturally occurring HBV infection in mice by simply injecting HBV genome and also studied the effects of an HBV-specific short interfering RNA (siRNA) targeted to the X gene using this mouse model system. The viral replication cycle of HBV was resulted from the hydrodynamic transfection with the fragmented form of infectious HBV genome in immunocompetent mice. HBV envelope (HBe), HBV surface (HBs) antigens and viral DNA could be detected in the serum of the animals, followed by the induction of HBV-specific immune responses which mimics acute infection of HBV in humans. Also, the immunocompromized mice injected with the infectious HBV genome supported the prolonged replication of HBV mimicking the chronic infection of HBV in humans. In both systems, injection of siRNA targeted to the X gene region, where four major HBV transcript overlap, led to the dramatic inhibition of HBV replication up to 99% in the treated mice demonstrating the potential utility of HBx-specific siRNAs as anti-viral inhibitors for the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis. In summary, these mouse model systems offered opportunities to test in vivo efficacy of HBx-specific siRNAs for control of HBV replication.
Healthcare staff have difficulty distinguishing pain from disgust, study finds
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Most healthcare professionals can recognise pain in the face of a patient. But although 59% of doctors and nurses were able to correctly identify the facial signs of pain, other emotions scored more highly.

Sadness was the most recognised emotion, with a 92% hit rate. Surprise, with 81% came next, then embarrassment (79%), anger (73%), disgust (67%), and fear (61%).

“Overall, the results supported the hypothesis of a distinct and …
Successful Psychiatric Rehabilitation Using an Inpatient Teaching Laboratory—A One-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: MARION K. JACOBS, O. LEE TRICK
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

The authors describe a one-year follow-up study of psychiatric patients hospitalized at the West Virginia University Medical Center. They found a rehospitalization rate considerably below the national average; also, about three-quarters of the patients had returned to their usual home and job responsibilities. After describing the treatment program, the authors attempt to identify the variables that contribute most strongly to successful rehabilitation.
Alternans of action potential duration after abrupt shortening of cycle length: differences between dog Purkinje and ventricular muscle fibers.
Authors: H Saitoh, J C Bailey, B Surawicz
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the alternans of action potential duration (APD) occurring in Purkinje and ventricular muscle fibers after an abrupt shortening of cycle length can be explained by the two factors controlling the cycle length-dependent APD changes (i.e., restitution and memory effect). Action potentials were recorded simultaneously from dog Purkinje fibers and ventricular muscle fibers using conventional microelectrode techniques. APD change during alternans was dependent on the preceding diastolic interval in the same manner as during restitution in Purkinje fibers but not in ventricular muscle fibers. The course of memory change was not affected by the presence of alternans in either fiber type. In Purkinje fibers, APD alternans was attenuated by a Ca2+ channel blocker, nisoldipine (2 X 10(-6) M), and augmented by a Ca2+ channel agonist, Bay K 8644 (3 X 10(-8) M). These effects were attributed to the changes in the kinetics and the amplitude of restitution. In ventricular muscle fibers, APD alternans was always preceded and accompanied by alternans of action potential shape. Alternans of both action potential shape and APD was suppressed by nisoldipine (2 X 10(-6) M) and attenuated by Bay K 8644 (3 X 10(-8) M). These results show that in Purkinje fibers, APD during alternans can be explained by restitution and memory effect. However, in ventricular muscle fibers, the mechanism of APD alternans is linked to factors controlling action potential shape. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that APD alternans in Purkinje fibers depends on the differences in the recovery of membrane currents generated by the preceding action potential and in ventricular muscle fibers on the differences in the concentration and/or handling of intracellular calcium.
Abstract LB-109: MDV3100, an androgen receptor signaling inhibitor, inhibits tumor growth in breast cancer preclinical models regardless of estrogen receptor status
Authors: Dawn R. Cochrane, Britta M. Jacobsen, Diana M. Cittelly, Erin N. Howe, Annie Jean, Nicole S. Spoelstra, Sebastian Bernales, Andrew A. Protter, Anthony D. Elias, Jennifer K. Richer
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: The androgen receptor (AR) is detected by immunohistochemistry in approximately 75% of all invasive breast cancer, with ∼88% of estrogen receptor (ER) positive (ER+) tumors also expressing AR and ∼20 to 30% of ER negative (ER-) tumors also retaining AR expression. Potent inhibition of AR activity could be a therapeutic strategy in AR+ ER+ breast cancer. MDV3100 is an androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI), which inhibits AR activity via three mechanisms: 1) inhibition of androgen binding to AR, 2) inhibition of AR nuclear translocation, and 3) inhibition of nuclear AR-DNA binding; and has demonstrated an overall survival benefit in men with post-docetaxel prostate cancer. Methods: Two ER+/AR+ breast cancer cell lines, MCF7and BCK4 (recently derived from a pleurocentesis), were used to assess the proliferative effect of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol (E2) in ovariectomized mice. MDV3100 was compared to bicalutamide and tamoxifen. Growth effects of MDV3100 on ER-/AR+ cells in tissue culture and in xenografts were also examined. Results: Both bicalutamide and MDV3100 inhibited DHT-mediated proliferation of ER+/AR+ cell lines. Although MDV3100 binds AR very effectively and does not bind ER, it inhibited E2-mediated proliferation. MDV3100 also blocked E2 mediated upregulation of AR, PR, and SDF-1. MDV3100 inhibited E2-stimulated tumor growth of MCF7 mammary xenografts as effectively as tamoxifen. With ER-/AR+ cells (MDA-MB-453), MDV3100 reduced DHT-induced nuclear translocation, cell growth in tissue culture and tumor growth in mouse orthotopic xenografts. Conclusions: MDV3100 blocked both DHT- and E2-mediated growth of breast cancer cells, whereas bicalutamide enhanced E2-mediated proliferation. MDV3100 may have unique therapeutic utility in patients with AR+ breast cancer, regardless of ER status. Funding: DOD Breast Cancer Program Idea Award BC074403, Avon Foundation for Women, and University of Colorado Cancer Center pilot project funds to JKR. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-109. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-109
THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF SEPTIC SINUS THROMBOSIS
Authors: WENDELL C. PHILLIPS
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Septic invasion of the lateral sinus in its various forms is a comparatively rare complication of purulent otitis media. In view of the comparative thinness of the inner (cranial) table of the temporal bone, areas of which are often bathed with pus or infected exudates for long periods of time, one marvels that proportionately so few intracranial complications occur. Erosions of the inner (visceral) table of the temporal bone may occur at any point, but they are more commonly found in the tegmen and about the knee of the sigmoid sinus. Nevertheless, necrosis of the inner table, even when considerable areas of the dura over the sinus are exposed to the purulent process which invades the mastoid process, is not invariably followed by sepsis within its lumen. Erosions of the inner table, with exposure of the dura, are discovered with comparative frequency during the process of mastoid operations, with no
1059-37 Prognostic role of transesophageal echocardiography in acute type A aortic dissection
Authors: Eduardo Bossone, Rajendra H Mehta, Dan Gilon, Stuart Hutchinson, Alessandro Distante, Alfredo Llovet, Patrick O'Gara, Jeanna V Cooper, Jianming Fang, Jim Januzzi, Christoph A Nienaber, Kim A Eagle, William F Armstrong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Primary care trusts may have to club together to survive financial challenges, MPs are told
Authors: M. Billingsley
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Primary infection with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) results in a lifelong infection due to its ability to establish latent infection, with the characterized viral reservoir being hematopoietic cells. Although reactivation from latency causes serious disease in immunocompromised individuals, our molecular understanding of latency is limited. Here we delineate viral gene expression during natural HCMV persistent infection by analyzing the massive RNA-seq atlas generated by the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project. This systematic analysis reveals that HCMV persistence <i>in-vivo</i> is prevalent in diverse tissues. Unexpectedly, we find only viral transcripts that resemble gene expression during stages of lytic infection with no evidence of a latency-associated viral gene expression program. To further define the transcriptional landscape during HCMV latent infection we used single cell RNA-seq and a traceable experimental system. In contrast to the current view on latency and in line with our natural HCMV analysis, we find no evidence for a specific latency-associated viral gene expression program. Instead, we reveal that latency gene expression largely mirrors the lytic viral program albeit at much lower levels of expression. Overall our work revolutionizes our understanding of HCMV persistence and suggests that latency is governed by quantitative but not qualitative changes in viral gene expression.
Treatment of Chronic Depression
Authors: Lee R. Chutkow
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The discussion and recommendations for the treatment of chronic depression presented by Dr Goodwin<sup>1</sup>were comprehensive and timely, but incomplete. The patient described may have benefited from a course of electroconvulsive treatment (ECT), if his health insurance would have paid for it. Electroconvulsive treatment remains one of the safest and most effective treatments for moderate or severe major depression not responsive to antidepressant medication.<sup>2</sup> The patient's internist and psychiatrist described counter-transference reactions of helplessness, frustration, and depression. Beck et al<sup>3</sup>recommended that such "difficult patients" should be treated by psychotherapists who "remain optimistic" and who can identify and deal with their own dysfunctional cognitions.<sup>3</sup> In a well-staffed community mental health center, an experienced case manager could have attempted to solve conflicts with the patient's insurance carrier. The psychiatrist should have provided the complete medical psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, and perhaps even ECT. There should have
Health Issues, the President, and the 105th Congress
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

The Clinton administration and Congress, divided by political party and ideology, have nevertheless both claimed that balancing the federal budget by 2002 is their top priority. However, this seeming harmony is unlikely to prevent a prolonged struggle over how much of the needed savings to extract from federal health programs, which now consume 20 percent of government revenues, or some $320 billion. Thus, the budget debate will involve virtually all the health issues that Congress will face in its 105th session, but particularly Medicare, Medicaid, and insurance coverage for children and the working poor.In this report, I discuss some . . .