tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Isolation of transcriptionally active umbilical cord blood‐derived basophils expressing Fc<i>ɛ</i>RI, HLA‐DR and CD203c
Authors: J. M. Reimer, S. Magnusson, M. Juremalm, G. Nilsson, L. Hellman, S. Wernersson
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: Basophils are inflammatory cells associated with allergy and parasite infections. Investigation of their true biological function has long been hampered by the difficulty in obtaining sufficient amounts of pure basophils and by the lack of phenotypic markers. Moreover, it has been very difficult to clone and identify basophil‐specific granule proteins, partially because of an almost complete lack of mRNA in mature circulating basophils. Methods: To obtain transcriptionally active immature basophils, umbilical cord blood cells were cultured in the presence of interleukin (IL)‐3. The cells were analysed by flow cytometry and by histological staining. Results: The continuous presence of IL‐3 in cord blood cultures resulted in the expansion of basophil precursors co‐expressing Fc ɛ RI and the recently described mast cell/basophil marker, 97A6 (CD203c). Several nonbasophil markers (i.e. CD3, CD14, CD15, CD16, CD19 and CD21) were absent on the cultured basophils. However, we show that in early cultures, almost 60% of the CD203c + cells co‐express human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐DR, a marker that is absent on mature circulating basophils. The presence of HLA‐DR on basophil precursors may explain the low recovery (24 ± 5.2%) obtained after isolation of cultured basophils, when using a conventional basophil isolation kit that removes HLA‐DR + cells. A novel purification method was developed, including a two‐step cocktail of antibodies against selected markers, which resulted in both high purity (95 ± 0.5%) and recovery (59 ± 1.5%) of cultured basophils. Conclusions: We here establish cord blood cultures as a source from which transcriptionally active basophil precursors can be isolated in reasonable quantities for thorough biochemical characterization.
Development of mutome-specific personalized vaccines for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Eric Lutz, Heather Kinkead, Allison Yager, Todd Armstrong, Peter Lauer, Dirk Brockstedt, Thomas Dubensky, Elizabeth Jaffee
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts A major obstacle to the development of immunotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) has been identifying immune relevant antigens that are not expressed by normal cells. DNA sequencing technologies that allow for the genome-wide identification of tumor mutations have
Abdominal Surgery: An Atlas of Operative Techniques
Authors: R. Dale Liechty
Journal: JAMA (1977)

"Though it may be true that success crowns the efforts of a surgeon for a variety of reasons... the perfect technical execution of an operative maneuver is by far the most important." With these words that dedicate his atlas to the fine points of anatomy and surgical techniques, Dr Valdoni takes the reader through various abdominal procedures from esophagus to rectum. Spectacular color illustrations, perhaps the most realistic that I have ever seen, almost seem to rise from the page as they guide us step-by-step along the way. Even seasoned surgeons will study Valdoni's techniques for preserving (skeletonizing) the inferior mesenteric artery in anterior sigmoid resections. Evidence that the middle hemorrhoidal arteries never form in 20% of patients and arise unilaterally in another 50% has prompted the author to carefully protect the terminal, superior hemorrhoidal vessels even when operating for cancer. Any surgeon who has agonized over a leaking pelvic
Persuasion and Healing: A Comparative Study of Psychotherapy
Authors: Edwin R. Wallace
Journal: JAMA (1992)

It was with great anticipation that I received and read the third edition of this classic. As Norman Cousins wrote in the foreword, "Few medical investigators have probed more thoroughly the reality of a belief system and its effect on the healing system than has Frank." Having marked up and dog-eared the first edition (1961) in residency and the second edition (1973) in teaching, I was not disappointed with this recent revision and expansion. It is coauthored by Dr Jerome Frank, professor emeritus at Hopkins, and his daughter, Dr Julia Frank, an excellent scholar and Yale-trained clinician now at the University of Texas at Austin. <i>Persuasion and Healing</i>treats a topic that no doctor, whatever the specialty, can afford to ignore: psychotherapy. This is so because every physician begins a clinical encounter with a whole person embedded in a historical and current family and social network. The doctor has no
Clinical Aspects of Legionnaires' Disease
Authors: MORTON N. SWARTZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Since the initial description of Legionnaires' disease 2 years ago, a clearer picture of its clinical manifestations has emerged as a result of investigations of further epidemics and studies of laboratory-confirmed sporadic cases. Although individual clinical features are not sufficiently distinctive to distinguish Legionnaires' disease from other types of acute pneumonia, a composite can provide a sufficiently characteristic clinical profile to indicate the likelihood of this diagnosis. Such a profile includes high fever (above 39.4°C); recurrent chills; relative bradycardia; early gastrointestinal symptoms (particularly diarrhea); prominent myalgias; microscopic hematuria; liver function abnormalities; toxic encephalopathy; nonproductive cough; absence of bacterial pathogens on Gram stain and culture of transtracheal aspirate; progression from patchy bronchopneumonia to lobar and multilobar consolidation; and frequently prompt and sometimes dramatic response to treatment with erythromycin.
RESPONSE: Re: Polymorphisms of Death Pathway Genes FAS and FASL in Esophageal Squamous-Cell Carcinoma
Authors: T. Sun, X. Miao, X. Zhang, D. Lin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2004)

Re: Polymorphisms of Death Pathway Genes FAS and FASL in Esophageal Squamous-Cell CarcinomaWe have read with great interest the recent work by Sun et al.(1) about the role of functional FAS and FASL gene polymorphisms and esophageal squamouscell carcinoma risk.In addition to the report of Sun et al., polymorphisms of the FAS/FASL system have also been shown to be associated with acute myeloid leukemia (2), cervical cancer (3), and lung cancer (4).To analyze the role of FAS/FASL polymorphisms for breast cancer, we performed a case-control study that included 500 female breast cancer patients and 500 healthy sex-and age-matched control subjects.The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Medical University Graz.Written informed consent was obtained from all participating subjects.All subjects were Caucasian.FAS -1377GϾA, FAS -670AϾG, and FASL -844CϾT genotypes were determined by a 5Ј-nuclease assay (Taq-Man; Applera Austria Handels, Vienna, Austria).Primer and probe sets were designed and manufactured by the Applied Biosystems Assay-by-Design custom service (Applera Austria Handels).The following sequences of primers and probes were used to detect FAS and FASL polymorphisms: for FAS -1377GϾA, forward primer (5Ј-GCT CAGAGTGTGTGCACAAG-3Ј), reverse primer (5Ј-ACTGTTAGTGCCATGAG GAAGAC-3Ј), G-probe (5Ј-VIC-CTG GCACGCCCAGG-NFQ-3Ј, where VIC is the fluorescent dye, NFQ is the nonfluorescent quencher, and the underlined base indicates the polymorphic site), and A-probe (5Ј-FAM-CTGGCACAC CCAGG-NFQ-3Ј, where FAM is the fluorescent dye); for FAS -670AϾG, forward primer (5Ј-CTATGGCGCAA CATCTGTACTTTT-3Ј), reverse primer (5Ј-TCCATCTTGTGGCTGCAACAT-3Ј), G-probe (5Ј-VICCATTCCAG GAACGTC-NFQ-3Ј), and A-probe (5Ј-FAM-CATTCCAGAAACGTC-
ATROPINE-LIKE POISONING DUE TO TRANQUILIZING AGENTS
Authors: PETER R. MAHRER, PHILIP S. BERGMAN, SOLOMON ESTREN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1958)

A case of atropine-like poisoning manifested by absence of sweating, hyperthermia, pupillary paralysis, dry mucous membranes, and delirium, is reported. These findings are ascribed to the anticholinergic properties of the tranquilizing agents of the phenothiazine group of drugs.
Influenza virus site recognized by a murine helper T cell specific for H1 strains. Localization to a nine amino acid sequence in the hemagglutinin molecule.
Authors: C J Hackett, B Dietzschold, W Gerhard, B Ghrist, R Knorr, D Gillessen, F Melchers
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

The functional helper T cell line Vir-2, derived from a PR8 (H1N1) influenza virus-immunized BALB/c mouse, proliferates in response to syngeneic antigen-presenting cells and naturally occurring strains of subtype H1 human influenza virus from 1934-1957 and 1977-1980 isolates. A conserved region of the hemagglutinin molecule around amino acid position 115 in the heavy chain (HA1) was implicated as being important in this recognition by the lack of stimulatory activity associated with a glutamic acid to lysine substitution at position 115 in the laboratory mutant RV6, derived from wild-type PR8. Characterization of the stimulatory determinant on the wild-type hemagglutinin molecule was then undertaken using cleavage products and synthetic peptides. Vir-2 cells recognized the reduced and alkylated purified HA1 of PR8 virus, and this reactivity was retained after cleavage at methionine and tryptophan residues. High-pressure liquid chromatography separation of cleavage fragments indicated that a short sequence of the HA1 containing residue 115 was being recognized. This recognition was localized to a nine amino acid segment (positions 111-119) by assaying stimulation with synthetic peptide homologues of different lengths from that region. As with native hemagglutinin, Vir-2 cells responded to active peptides when presented by H-2d but not H-2k antigen-presenting cells.
Mental health charities object to contingency plans for flu epidemic
Authors: O. Ellis
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Mental health charities reacted with concern this week in response to government plans to relax mental health safeguards in the event of a worsening flu pandemic.

The Department of Health this week launched a consultation on temporarily changing the Mental Health Act 1983 to mitigate the impact of a possible rise in swine flu cases on mental health services (table⇓).

View this table:

The Mental Health Act 1983



Proposals include reducing the number of doctors …
Book: Reckoning with Risk: Learning to Live with Uncertainty
Authors: C. Stark
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Gerd Gigerenzer Allen Lane, £14.99, pp 310 ISBN 0 713 99512 2 ——————— Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> In healthcare, information often comes in the form of numbers. Professionals are expected to make good quality judgments based on this evidence. Patients are often assumed to be less numerate than professionals and to have less ability to interpret healthcare evidence. As a result, many healthcare workers feel that one of their roles is to help people to understand the choices open to them by acting as interpreters of the evidence, particularly amid uncertainty. There is some evidence to support the idea that the public has problems understanding risk. Research dating back to the 1960s has found that professionals' ideas of risk are often different from those of lay people. The public tends to overestimate the frequency of uncommon health risks and to underestimate the frequency of common risks. Many lay … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Abstract 2576: Novel resveratrol analog ARSHA shows higher potency for inhibiting the growth of triple negative breast cancer cells.
Authors: Anwesha Chatterjee, Amruta M. Ronghe, Bhupendra Singh, Subhash B. Padhye, Hari K. Bhat
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Resveratrol (Res) (3, 5, 4’-trihydroxystilbene) is a well known naturally occurring polyphenol that exhibits anti-tumor activity. However, its poor bioavailability and rapid metabolism limits its use as a preferred anticancer agent. In an attempt to improve the bioavailability and anticancer potential of Res, we have synthesized five new Res analogs. We then tested the ability of these analogs to inhibit the proliferation of 5 breast cancer cell lines and 3 non-neoplastic breast epithelial cell lines and compared their inhibition potential with Res. MTT assay for cell proliferation was carried out in human breast cancer and non-neoplastic breast epithelial cell lines. The breast cancer cell lines tested were MCF-7, T47D, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 and BT-20. The non-neoplastic breast cell lines tested were MCF-10A, MCF-10F and HMLE. Of all the analogs tested, one namely ARSHA showed higher potency for inhibiting the proliferation of breast cancer cells compared to Res. Furthermore, ARSHA showed higher potency for inhibiting the growth of triple negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 and BT-20) compared to estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells MCF-7 and T47D. There was neither inhibition nor proliferation by ARSHA of non-neoplastic breast epithelial cell lines tested when compared to vehicle-treated controls. ARSHA induced Beclin-1 and LC3II which suggest autophagy mediated inhibition of cell growth. Beclin-1 is known to be suppressed in breast cancers and it's over expression is reported to inhibit breast cancer. Results from our studies demonstrate that Res-analog ARSHA is better than Res in inhibiting specifically breast cancer cell growth and shows higher potency for inhibiting the growth of triple negative breast cancer cells by inducing autophagy with an earlier onset for triple negative breast cancer cells. Therefore, ARSHA may be a better chemotherapeutic agent than Res against breast cancer and more specifically against triple negative breast cancer cell growth, a cancer type prevalent in minority African American population with poor prognosis. Citation Format: Anwesha Chatterjee, Amruta M. Ronghe, Bhupendra Singh, Subhash B. Padhye, Hari K. Bhat. Novel resveratrol analog ARSHA shows higher potency for inhibiting the growth of triple negative breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2576. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2576
Endothelin-2 deficiency causes growth retardation, hypothermia, and emphysema in mice
Authors: Inik Chang, Alexa N. Bramall, Amy Greenstein Baynash, Amir Rattner, Dinesh Rakheja, Martin Post, Stephen Joza, Colin McKerlie, Duncan J. Stewart, Roderick R. McInnes, Masashi Yanagisawa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

To explore the physiological functions of endothelin-2 (ET-2), we generated gene-targeted mouse models. Global Et2 knockout mice exhibited severe growth retardation and juvenile lethality. Despite normal milk intake, they suffered from internal starvation characterized by hypoglycemia, ketonemia, and increased levels of starvation-induced genes. Although ET-2 is abundantly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract, the intestine was morphologically and functionally normal. Moreover, intestinal epithelium-specific Et2 knockout mice showed no abnormalities in growth and survival. Global Et2 knockout mice were also profoundly hypothermic. Housing Et2 knockout mice in a warm environment significantly extended their median lifespan. However, neuron-specific Et2 knockout mice displayed a normal core body temperature. Low levels of Et2 mRNA were also detected in the lung, with transient increases soon after birth. The lungs of Et2 knockout mice showed emphysematous structural changes with an increase in total lung capacity, resulting in chronic hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and increased erythropoietin synthesis. Finally, systemically inducible ET-2 deficiency in neonatal and adult mice fully reproduced the phenotype previously observed in global Et2 knockout mice. Together, these findings reveal that ET-2 is critical for the growth and survival of postnatal mice and plays important roles in energy homeostasis, thermoregulation, and the maintenance of lung morphology and function.
The Ischemic Heart
Authors: Jason R.B. Dyck
Journal: Circulation (2007)

C aloric restriction has emerged as an effective strategy for lengthening lifespan in a variety of species. 1 In mammals, one mechanism for this phenomenon may be the prevention of detrimental age-related alterations in cellular function 1 and presumably subsequent improvement in organ function.The effects of caloric restriction on the heart, at least in rats and mice, involve a number of changes in gene expression that are beneficial to the aged cardiomyocyte 2 and/or protect the heart from ischemic injury. 3Although it is likely that all of the beneficial mediators of caloric restriction have not been identified, a number of proteins in the mammalian sirtuin family may play key roles in the regulation of health and longevity. 4In addition, recent evidence has suggested that alterations in whole-body energy metabolism contribute to the beneficial effects of caloric restriction. 5Indeed, caloric restriction in mammals leads to loss of adipose tissue and dramatically alters the action of this endocrine organ. 6As such, caloric restriction contributes to changes in adipose tissue-derived hormone (adipokine) secretion, which can govern whole-body metabolism. 7Furthermore, studies using isolated cardiac myocytes suggest that these adipokines may exert direct end-organ effects that are independent from alterations in whole-body metabolism. 8 -10 One adipokine that is significantly increased during caloric restriction is adiponectin. 11Previous work has shown that adiponectin exerts a host of protective effects on the cardiovascular system 12 and as such may be an essential component mediating the effects of caloric restriction.
The Electrocardiograph as a Monitor of Cardiac Function in the Operating Room
Authors: Valentino D. B. Mazzia
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Study of 19 deaths associated with anesthesia during which the electrocardiogram was monitored revealed that, in at least nine of these patients, ECG changes were not ominous during the initial time in which cardiac output was critically depressed. Dissociation between electrical and contractile cardiac function is the physiological mechanism which probably accounted for the above observation. To demonstrate this, the electrical and contractile actions of the heart were experimentally uncoupled in dogs by simultaneous injection of methoxamine hydrochloride and disodium edetate during monitoring of ECG, electroencephalogram, and femoral-artery and left ventricular pressures. The findings showed that the ECG was usually satisfactory for four to six minutes after cardiac output was absent and marked EEG changes had developed. The clinical and laboratory observations emphasize the need for awareness of the inherent limitations of the ECG as a monitor of total cardiac function.
The cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin is widely expressed in human atherosclerotic lesions
Authors: Y Bobryshev
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Objective: Various cell adhesion molecules are expressed in atherogenesis and the significance of their involvement in atherosclerotic lesion formation is well appreciated. In the present work, we examined whether the Ca2+-dependent cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin is also involved in atherogenesis. Methods: Specimens of carotid artery and aorta were obtained at operation. Expression of E-cadherin was studied by an immunohistochemical method. The nature of E-cadherin-expressing cells was examined by comparative analysis of consecutive sections and by a double immunostaining procedure. An immunohistochemical approach was also applied to examine how the accumulation of oxidised low density lipoproteins (LDL) by intimal cells is associated with E-cadherin expression. Results: No E-cadherin+ cells were found in normal non-atherosclerotic intima but E-cadherin+ cells were present in 96% of the atherosclerotic lesions. In atherosclerotic intima, E-cadherin was expressed by intimal cells showing varying degrees of transformation into foam cells. These E-cadherin+ cells also contained oxidised LDL in their cytoplasm. Differing numbers of CD68+ foam cells (15% to 60%) expressed E-cadherin but all the CD68+ macrophages without signs of transformation into foam cells were negative for E-cadherin. Neither smooth muscle cells nor foam cells of smooth muscle cell origin (smooth muscle alpha-actin+) were found to be positive for E-cadherin. T-cells (CD3+) and endothelial cells (von Willebrand factor+) were also negative for E-cadherin. Only a few vascular dendritic cells (S-100+) expressed E-cadherin and their expression was weak. We also found that a large proportion (40% to 85%) of E-cadherin+ cells did not stain with any cell-type specific markers. Conclusions: The finding that E-cadherin is expressed in atherosclerotic lesions expands our knowledge of cell adhesion molecules involved in atherogenesis. That E-cadherin is expressed in intimal cells transforming into foam cells suggests that lipid accumulation might be associated with the alteration and reorganisation of cell-to-cell interactions in atherogenesis. The present observations might assist in understanding the mechanisms associated with intracellular lipid accumulation.
Can country music drive you to suicide?
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The distribution in rats of the renal agent Tc-Sn-gluconate using both <sup>99m</sup>Tc and carrier amounts of <sup>99</sup>Tc was similar. The same behavior was shown with the bone agent Tc-Sn-EHDP. The radiopharmaceutical consequences of the observed Tc(IV) oxidation state in these systems are explored.
Activated cytotoxic lymphocytes promote tumor progression by increasing the ability of 3LL tumor cells to mediate MDSC chemoattraction via Fas signaling
Authors: Fei Yang, Yinxiang Wei, Zhijian Cai, Lei Yu, Lingling Jiang, Chengyan Zhang, Huanmiao Yan, Qingqing Wang, Xuetao Cao, Tingbo Liang, Jianli Wang
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2014)
Correlation of Radioactive and Chemical Faecal Fat in Different Malabsorption Syndromes
Authors: B. D. Pimparkar, E. G. Tulsky, M. H. Kalser, H. L. Bockus
Journal: BMJ (1960)

COELIAC DISEASEBoICO_ adds considerably to the nutritional deficiency caused by loss of calories and defective absorption of mineral elements and vitamins, which are known to be associated with steatorrhoea of long standing.We wish to express our gratitude to Sir
Can Stress Cause Disease? Revisiting the Tuberculosis Research of Thomas Holmes, 1949-1961
Authors: Barron H. Lerner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

The increasing emphasis in medicine on treating the whole patient has focused attention on the association between emotions and disease.However, physicians have long studied the connection between mind and body. One particularly interesting researcher in this area was Thomas Holmes, a charismatic and iconoclastic Seattle physician who studied the association between stress and tuberculosis in the 1950s. Although lacking the sophistication of modern biostatistics, several of Holmes' studies suggested that persons who had experienced stressful situations, such as divorce, death of a spouse, or loss of a job, were more likely to develop tuberculosis and less likely to recover from it. Holmes consciously used the same scientific methods as his peers, devising a numeric scale that quantified stressful events and doing prospective studies with control groups. Yet, he also emphasized the need to understand each patient's story and to view his or her tuberculosis as the culmination of a life of emotional hardship. Although Holmes' work was rudimentary, his basic supposition may have been correct.Recent research, benefiting from advances in both immunology and biostatistics, suggests that stress may lead to decreased immune function and thus to clinical disease. As studies of stress and disease become more statistically sophisticated, it will be important to retain Holmes' emphasis on understanding the lives of individual patients.