tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Screening research papers by reading abstracts: Review may be eternal but rejection is swift
Authors: Jeremy N V Miles
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Governance of academic medicine should be with public trusteesEditor-Many of the problems arising in academic medicine are due to the divergence of academic goals and the values of society.Academic institutions are not currently governed in a way that fosters a strong and healthy alliance with government and the population at large, and there is a failure to support satisfactorily the public interest against vested and other competing interests. 1e suggest that a good first step is to turn over the governance of academic medicine to public trustees with protected authority.Public trustees must ensure that the three familiar goals of research, teaching, and patient care are supplemented by the unsung fourth goal of community service.Moreover, trustees have the right to insist that most of the research and teaching programmes in academic medicine be placed in the context of the health needs of the entire population.It is also time to reform the governance of medical schools.We suggest that it fosters tunnel vision for the dean when the executive committee of the medical school is composed primarily of department chairpeople whose main responsibility is the welfare of individual departments, not the mission of the school as a whole.We advocate instead an executive committee comprising senior faculty and public representatives, while excluding department heads.If academic medicine exists to promote the public interest, is it not time to grant patients and the public at large a controlling interest in setting priorities and overseeing operations?
Tumor-specific Expression of MicroRNA-26a Suppresses Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth via Cyclin-dependent and -independent Pathways
Authors: Lizao Chen, Jianming Zheng, Yan Zhang, Luxi Yang, Jiaqi Wang, Jian Ni, Daxiang Cui, Chaoqin Yu, Zailong Cai
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

MicroRNA-26a (miR-26a) is a tumor suppressor that is reduced in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Increasing evidence indicates that the liver is a hormone-responsive organ like the breast. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether miR-26a, regulated by a human α-fetoprotein (hAFP) and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) dual promoter, could be specifically expressed in liver tumor cells to suppress their growth and to clarify whether estrogen receptor-α (ERα) is regulated by miR-26a and involved in the HCC process. Our data show that miR-26a expression driven by a hAFP-TERT dual promoter was tumor-specific and decreased the viability of tumor cells by regulating ERα, progesterone receptor (PR) and P53 except for cyclin D2 or cyclin E2 in vitro and in vivo. Our data also show that estradiol (E2) promotes the growth of liver cancer cells similar to breast cancer cells partly via the E2-ERα pathway and that miR-26a significantly down regulates ERα and prevents the stimulation of hepatoma cell growth by E2. These data suggest that ERα, which is regulated by miR-26a, is important for liver tumor cell growth. Moreover, hAFP-TERT dual promoter-mediated miR-26a expression could specifically exert potential antitumor activity and provide a novel targeting approach for cancer therapy.
The polycomb repressive complex 2 governs life and death of peripheral T cells
Authors: Yuxia Zhang, Sarah Kinkel, Jovana Maksimovic, Esther Bandala-Sanchez, Maria C. Tanzer, Gaetano Naselli, Jian-Guo Zhang, Yifan Zhan, Andrew M. Lew, John Silke, Alicia Oshlack, Marnie E. Blewitt, Leonard C. Harrison
Journal: Blood (2014)
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, Hiccups, and Esophageal Ulcers
Authors: DONALD SEIBERT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1986Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, Hiccups, and Esophageal UlcersDONALD SEIBERT, M.D., FIRAS AL-KAWAS, M.D.DONALD SEIBERT, M.D., FIRAS AL-KAWAS, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-6-976_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Chronic hiccups have been noted to occur in association with several esophageal diseases, including gastroesophageal reflux disease as described by Gluck and Pope (1). We recently cared for a patient with prolonged hiccups probably due to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-induced esophageal ulceration. Esophageal ulceration secondary to this drug product has been seen once previously (2), but prolonged hiccup as a presenting manifestation of pill-induced esophageal injury has not been previously reported.While abroad, a 14-year-old white boy began prophylaxis for traveler's diarrhea with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, one tablet at night. He noted mild pyrosis but felt well and did not alter his...References1. GLUCKPOPE MC. Chronic hiccups and gastroesophageal reflux disease: the acid perfusion test as a provocative maneuver. Ann intern Med. 1986;105:219-20. LinkGoogle Scholar2. BJARNASONBJORNSSON IS. Oesophageal ulcers: an adverse reaction to co-trimoxazole. Acta Med Scand. 1981;209:431-2. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. KIKENDALLFRIENDMANOYEWOLE JAM. Pill-induced esophageal injury. Dig Dis Sci. 1983;28:174-82. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. SHAYMYERSJOHNSON SRL. Hiccups associated with reflux esophagitis. Gastroenterology. 1984;87:204-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. GOLIDANOVILLABOS CM. Doxycline esophageal ulcers: are they due to an irritant effect? Gastrointest Endosc. 1985;31:908. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: West Virginia University Medical Center Morgantown, WV 26506 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByChronic HiccupsPill-Induced Esophageal InjuryProtracted Hiccups due to Severe Erosive EsophagitisDrug-Induced HiccupsCefotetan-induced SingultusJoseph T. Morris, MD, C. Kenneth McAllister, MDLes œsophagites « primitives » ďorigine médicamenteuse a propos de 978 observations (1970-1990)Pill-induced esophageal strictures: Clinical features and risk factors for developmentHiccups and gastroesophageal reflux: Cause and effect?Pediatric Medication-induced Focal EsophagitisMiscellaneous antibacterial and antiviral drugs 1 December 1986Volume 105, Issue 6Page: 976-976KeywordsDiarrheaDrugsGastroesophageal reflux diseaseProphylaxisUlcers Issue Published: 1 December 1986 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Liberal benefits, conservative spending. The Physicians for a National Health Program proposal
Authors: K. Grumbach
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The Physicians for a National Health Program proposes to cover all Americans under a single, comprehensive public insurance program without copayments or deductibles and with free choice of provider. Such a national health program could reap tens of billions dollars in administrative savings in the initial years, enough to fund generous increases in health care services not only for the uninsured, but for the underinsured as well. We delineate a transitional national health program budget that would hold overall health spending at current levels while accommodating increases in hospital and physician utilization. Future national health program spending would be indexed to the growth in gross national product adjusted for demographic, epidemiologic, and technologic shifts. Financing for the national health program would transfer funds into the public program without disrupting the general pattern of current revenue sources. We suggest a funding package that would augment existing government health spending with earmarked health care taxes. Because these new taxes would replace employer-employee insurance premiums and substantial portions of current out-of-pocket expenditures, they would not increase health costs for the average American.
Relationship between food-specific IgE concentrations and the risk of positive food challenges in children and adolescents
Authors: Hugh A. Sampson, Deborah G. Ho
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1997)

Background: The double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) is the "gold standard" for diagnosis of food hypersensitivity. Skin prick tests and RASTs are sensitive indicators of food-specific IgE antibodies but poor predictors of clinical reactivity. Previous studies suggested that high concentrations of food-specific IgE antibody were predictive of food-induced clinical symptoms. Because the CAP System FEIA (Pharmacia Diagnostics, Uppsala, Sweden) provides a quantitative assessment of allergen-specific IgE antibody, this study was undertaken to determine the potential utility of the CAP System FEIA in diagnosis of IgE-mediated food hypersensitivity. Methods: Sera from 196 patients with food allergy were analyzed for specific IgE antibodies to egg, milk, peanut, soy, wheat, and fish by CAP System FEIA. Sera were randomly selected from 300 stored samples of children and adolescents who had been evaluated by history, skin prick tests, and DBPCFCs. The study population was highly atopic; all patients had atopic dermatitis, and approximately 50% had asthma and allergic rhinitis at the time of initial evaluation. The performance characteristics of the CAP System FEIA were compared with those of skin prick tests and the outcome of DBPCFCs or "convincing" histories of anaphylactic reactions. Results: The prevalence of specific food allergies in the study population varied from 22% for wheat to 73% for egg. Allergy to egg, milk, peanut, and soy accounted for 87% of confirmed reactions. The performance characteristics of skin prick tests and CAP System FEIA (egg, milk, peanut, fish) were comparable, with excellent sensitivity and negative predictive accuracy but poor specificity and positive predictive accuracy. The performance characteristics of the CAP System FEIA for soy and wheat were poor. For egg, milk, peanut, and fish allergy, diagnostic levels of IgE, which could predict clinical reactivity in this population with greater than 95% certainty, were identified: egg, 6 kilounits of allergen-specific IgE per liter (kUA/L); milk, 32 kUA/L; peanut, 15 kUA/L; and fish, 20 kUA/L. Conclusions: When compared with the outcome of DBPCFCs, results of CAP System FEIA are generally comparable to those of skin prick tests in predicting symptomatic food hypersensitivity. Furthermore, by measuring the concentrations of food-specific IgE antibodies with the CAP System FEIA, it is possible to identify a subset of patients who are highly likely (>95%) to experience clinical reactions to egg, milk, peanut, or fish. This could eliminate the need to perform DBPCFCs in a significant number of patients suspected of having IgE-mediated food allergy. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997;100:444-51.)
OBSERVATIONS ON THE PHAGOCYTOSIS OF THE PNEUMOCOCCUS BY HUMAN WHOLE BLOOD
Authors: Hugh K. Ward
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1930)

1. The phagocytic titre of whole human blood against the three types of pneumococcus was determined in a number of individuals. The titre varied over a considerable range in different subjects. 2. Contrary to expectation, the titre in early cases of untreated pneumonia was quite high against the infecting organism, pointing to a local rather than a general lowering of resistance in infection with this organism. 3. Sia's work was confirmed, that the specific carbohydrate has a specific anti-phagocytic action on the blood. This action is more marked in the case of Type III than in Type I.
Comparative Chronic Liver Toxicity of Benzo[ <i>a</i> ]pyrene in Two Populations of the Atlantic Killifish ( <i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i> ) with Different Exposure Histories
Authors: Lauren P. Wills, Dawoon Jung, Kara Koehrn, Shiqian Zhu, Kristine L. Willett, David E. Hinton, Richard T. Di Giulio
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

The Atlantic Wood Industries Superfund site on the Elizabeth River (ER) in Portsmouth, Virginia, is contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) derived from creosote. Embryos and larvae of ER killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) are refractory to the induction of enzymes regulated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor including cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) and are resistant to PAH-induced lethality and teratogenicity. However, adult ER killifish show a greater prevalence of hepatic and pancreatic tumors compared with those from reference sites.We used controlled laboratory studies to determine if ER killifish are more or less sensitive to PAH-induced chronic hepatic toxicity than killifish from an uncontaminated site.Larvae from the ER and a reference site on King's Creek (KC) were subjected to two 24-hr aqueous exposures of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP; 0-400 µg/L). At various time points, larvae were analyzed for CYP1A activity, BaP concentrations, nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage, and liver pathology.CYP1A activity was induced by BaP in KC but not ER larvae, and KC larvae demonstrated a greater reduction in whole-body concentrations of BaP over time. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA lesion frequency increased significantly in BaP-exposed KC larvae, but not in ER larvae. Nine months postexposure, KC juveniles exhibited significantly more hepatic foci of cellular alteration and only KC juveniles developed hepatocellular carcinomas.In addition to acquiring the heritable resistance to the acute teratogenic effects of PAHs, ER fish appear to have concomitantly developed resistance to chronic effects, including cancer.
Pressure of research on junior staff
Authors: M. Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1986)

1337 less informative series of separate correlations, especi- ally when the text suggests that they have actually carried out multiple regression.Thirdly, we are worried by the pattern shown in the scatter diagram reproduced in the paper.Two areas appear to have much greater appendicitis rates than the others, one of which is named in the text (Anglesey), and the significant negative correlation the authors report may reflect these outliers.We have repeated the correlation analysis omitting these two areas and obtained a lower correlation (r=-0-33, p<002).In addition, the two areas with the minimum and maximum x values are high "leverage" points,23 which means that they exert a considerable influence on any regression analysis attempted.Although these data points should not be dismissed as unrepresentative freaks, it is surely worth investigating why they have such unusual values.In this case, the authors draw attention to the possibility of spatial variation in diagnosis rates.Could not these values be explained by this factor?If so, the analysis offers little support for the authors' main conclusion.
Modulation of Osteoclast Differentiation and Function by the New Members of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor and Ligand Families
Authors: Tatsuo Suda, Naoyuki Takahashi, Nobuyuki Udagawa, Eijiro Jimi, Matthew T. Gillespie, T. John Martin
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1999)

I. Introduction II.Role of Osteoblasts/Stromal Cells in Osteoclast Differentiation and Function A. Origin of osteoclasts B. Stimulation of osteoclast differentiation by osteoblasts/stromal cells C. Stimulation of osteoclast function by osteoblasts/ stromal cells III.New Members of the Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Receptor and Ligand Families A. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) B. Osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF) and stromal osteoclast-forming activity
An Evaluation of Curare in Spasticity Due to Spinal-Cord Injuries
Authors: Robert A. Kuhn, Donald S. Bickers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

IN 1850 Claude Bernard1 demonstrated the site of action of curare to be the neuromuscular junction. His experiments have been verified by numerous investigators, and in 1935 West2 and King3 clarified the mode of action and enumerated the pharmacologic properties of the drug. It was not until 1943 that Wintersteiner and Dutcher4 crystallized the quaternary ammonium salt, d-tubocurarine chloride. Recent availability of this pure preparation has stimulated clinical and pharmacologic investigations.The gross effects of curare on the normal human subject have been thoroughly investigated. The intrinsic musculature of the toes and eyes demonstrates early paresis, which successively involves the . . .
Outcome After Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplant for Leukemia in Older Adults
Authors: Olle Ringdén
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine whether age over 40 years is associated with adverse outcome after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for leukemia. <h3>Design.</h3> —A retrospective analysis of outcome after bone marrow transplants for leukemia reported to the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry (IBMTR) among recipients 30 through 39 years, 40 through 44 years, 45 through 49 years, and 50 years of age and older. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Transplantations performed in 138 institutions worldwide and reported to the IBMTR. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A total of 2180 recipients of HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplants for leukemia, divided into four cohorts based on age: 30 through 39 years (n=1282), 40 through 44 years (n=527), 45 through 49 years (n=291), and 50 years and older (n=80). <h3>Main Outcome Measures and Results.</h3> —Incidence of leukemia-free survival, graft-vs-host disease, and relapse was comparable among the four age cohorts. Patients with advanced leukemia aged 45 years or older had a slightly higher risk of treatment-related mortality, and the 45- through 49-year-old cohort had a higher risk of interstitial pneumonia. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —These data indicate that among leukemia patients over 30 years of age at the time of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, increasing age into the fifth decade does not adversely affect outcome after transplants from HLA-identical siblings. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;270:57-60)
Bilateral Thrombosis of the Renal Artery
Authors: D. G. Chambers
Journal: BMJ (1956)

TROPICAL PULMONARY EOSINOPHILIA MEDICALJOURNAL time.Repeated examinations of his sputum failed to reveal any mites.He responded well to arsenic.The literature on the disease is briefly reviewed and the various aetiological theories are discussed.Tropi- cal pulmonary eosinophilia is widely considered to be due to pulmonary infestation with various species of mites, but this cause has not been universally accepted.Although the disease occurs mainly in India and Ceylon, cases have been reported from many other countries.Relapse is common, and may occur after the patient has moved from a tropical to a temperate climate.My thanks are due to Dr. A. P. Prior for carrying out the pathological investigations.
The Use and Misuse of Thyroid Hormone*
Authors: ELIO ROTI, ROBERTA MINELLI, ELIANA GARDINI, LEWIS E. BRAVERMAN
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1993)

I. Introduction THYROID hormones are frequently prescribed for appropriate and, at times, inappropriate conditions. It has been estimated that 1.2% of the total population in Sweden receives synthetic levothyroxine (L-T4) (1), and 18 million prescriptions for thyroid hormone preparations are filled annually in the United States, corresponding to more than 1% of all medical prescriptions (2). Therefore, it is important to review the various thyroid hormone preparations (Table 1), the therapeutic indications (Table 2), the misuse of thyroid hormone (Table 3), controversial uses of thyroid hormone (Table 4), the thyroid function tests to evaluate the correct treatment dose, and the possible side effects of treatment. Thyroid Hormone Preparations A. Thyroid extract Since 1891, when Murray reported the beneficial effects of sheep thyroid extract given im to a patient with myxedema (3), desiccated thyroid has been used in the treatment of patients with thyroid disease. Thyroid extract is obtained from animal th...
The Health of the Schoolchild: A History of the School Medical Service in England and Wales
Authors: L. Polnay
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Bernard Harris Open University Press, pounds sterling16.99, pp 260 ISBN 0 335 09994 7

The Health of the Schoolchild provides a detailed history of the school medical services. It also provokes a very strong feeling of deja vu because it shows how current arguments about the value of selective or universal medical examinations, or the accuracy of collected statistics, have been rehearsed many times before. It also gives a powerful description of the “mission” of the service, and the sometimes competing views of politicians, educationists, and health professionals, especially where …
Prevalence and Severity of Left Atrial Edema Detected by Electron Beam Tomography Early After Pulmonary Vein Ablation
Authors: Taro Okada, Takumi Yamada, Yoshimasa Murakami, Naoki Yoshida, Yuuichi Ninomiya, Takeshi Shimizu, Junji Toyama, Yukihiko Yoshida, Teruo Ito, Naoya Tsuboi, Takahisa Kondo, Yasuya Inden, Makoto Hirai, Toyoaki Murohara
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Cornell Seminars in Nephrology
Authors: Joseph A. Chazan
Journal: JAMA (1974)

This book represents a collection of editorials or commentaries by a number of authorities in the field of nephrology, with subject matter ranging from chronic renal insufficiency, to vitamin D metabolism, to developmental renal physiology. As with all collections, there is considerable variability both in depth and quality from chapter to chapter. The presentations appear to represent the individual author's opinion and presumably because of the limitations of space, the material is rarely dealt with in depth. A notable exception is the chapter on vitamin D metabolism by Dr. DeLuca that is a detailed biochemical evaluation of the present knowledge of vitamin D metabolism.  In my opinion, this book would have limited value for the practicing or established nephrologist, except for the bibliographies which are quite extensive. On the other hand, for the practicing internist or the medical student, the presentations represent an accurate, reasonable summary of the present state
Phase I Immunotherapeutic Trial with Long Peptides Spanning the E6 and E7 Sequences of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus 16 in End-Stage Cervical Cancer Patients Shows Low Toxicity and Robust Immunogenicity
Authors: Gemma G. Kenter, Marij J.P. Welters, A.Rob P.M. Valentijn, Margriet J.G. Löwik, Dorien M.A. Berends-van der Meer, Annelies P.G. Vloon, Jan W. Drijfhout, Amon R. Wafelman, Jaap Oostendorp, Gert Jan Fleuren, Rienk Offringa, Sjoerd H. van der Burg, Cornelis J.M. Melief
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: To determine the toxicity, safety, and immunogenicity of a human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) E6 and E7 long peptide vaccine administered to end-stage cervical cancer patients. Experimental Design: Three groups of end-stage cervical cancer patients (in total n = 35) were s.c. vaccinated with HPV16 E6 combined with or separated from HPV16 E7 overlapping long peptides in Montanide ISA-51 adjuvant, four times at 3-week intervals. Group 1 received 300 μg/peptide at a single site and group 2 received 100 μg/peptide of the E6 peptides in one limb and 300 μg/peptide of the E7 peptides in a second limb. Group 3 received separate injections of E6 and E7 peptides, each at a dose of 50 μg/peptide. The primary end point was to determine safety and toxicity of the HPV16 long peptides vaccine. In addition, the vaccine-induced T-cell response was assessed by IFNγ enzyme-linked immunospot. Results: No toxicity beyond grade 2 was observed during and after four vaccinations. In a few patients, transient flu-like symptoms were observed. Enzyme-linked immunospot analysis of the vaccine-induced immune response revealed that coinjection of the E6 and E7 peptides resulted in a strong and broad T-cell response dominated by immunity against E6. Injection of the E6 and E7 peptides at two different sites increased the E7 response but did not affect the magnitude of the E6-induced immune response. Conclusions: The HPV16 E6 and E7 long peptide-based vaccine is well tolerated and capable of inducing a broad IFNγ-associated T-cell response even in end-stage cervical cancer patients.