tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
MK2 Controls the Level of Negative Feedback in the NFκB Pathway and is Essential for Endothelial Permeability and Airway Inflammation
Authors: M.M. Gorska, Q. Liang, S.J. Stafford, N. Goplen, N. Dharajiya, L. Guo, S. Sur, M. Gaestel, R. Alam
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Expression of Fas ligand by human gastric adenocarcinomas: a potential mechanism of immune escape in stomach cancer
Authors: M W Bennett, J O’Connell, G C O’Sullivan, D Roche, C Brady, J Kelly, J K Collins, F Shanahan
Journal: Gut (1999)

Despite being immunogenic, gastric cancers overcome antitumour immune responses by mechanisms that have yet to be fully elucidated. Fas ligand (FasL) is a molecule that induces Fas receptor mediated apoptosis of activated immunocytes, thereby mediating normal immune downregulatory roles including immune response termination, tolerance acquisition, and immune privilege. Colon cancer cell lines have previously been shown to express FasL and kill lymphoid cells by Fas mediated apoptosis in vitro. Many diverse tumours have since been found to express FasL suggesting that a "Fas counterattack" against antitumour immune effector cells may contribute to tumour immune escape.To ascertain if human gastric tumours express FasL in vivo, as a potential mediator of immune escape in stomach cancer.Thirty paraffin wax embedded human gastric adenocarcinomas.FasL protein was detected in gastric tumours using immunohistochemistry; FasL mRNA was detected in the tumours using in situ hybridisation. Cell death was detected in situ in tumour infiltrating lymphocytes using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL).Prevalent expression of FasL was detected in all 30 resected gastric adenocarcinomas examined. In the tumours, FasL protein and mRNA were co-localised to neoplastic gastric epithelial cells, confirming expression by the tumour cells. FasL expression was independent of tumour stage, suggesting that it may be expressed throughout gastric cancer progression. TUNEL staining disclosed a high level of cell death among lymphocytes infiltrating FasL positive areas of tumour.Human gastric adenocarcinomas express the immune downregulatory molecule, FasL. The results suggest that FasL is a prevalent mediator of immune privilege in stomach cancer.
Baillière’s Clinical Gastroenterology
Authors: P N MATON
Journal: Gut (1997)

Bailliere’s Clinical Gastroenterology. Volume 10. Number 4. Gastrointestinal Endocrine Tumours. O’Shea D, Bloom SR. (Pp 211; illustrated: £30.00.) London: Bailliere Tindall, 1996. ISBN 0-7020-2186-5.

This book consists of a series of chapters on each of the major gut endocrine tumour syndromes and four general chapters on the pathology, the peptide receptors possessed by these tumours, and medical and surgical treatment. The emphasis of the book is clinical, and all of the chapters are written by authors who have a large personal experience of these rare tumours.

A chapter on carcinoid tumours discusses the characteristics of the various different tumours that arise from the different sites in the gastrointestinal tract. The carcinoid syndrome is briefly discussed, as is prognosis. In this chapter there is virtually no discussion …
Mobile phones in hospitals
Authors: Saul G Myerson, Andrew R J Mitchell
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Mobile phones (cell phones) are a source of irritation for some but undeniably useful for many, and over 50% of the population of the United Kingdom possess one. Their use in hospitals, however, is mostly banned as they are considered potentially hazardous in medical environments. But the evidence for serious harm is flimsy, and the hysteria that surrounds the use of mobile phones in hospitals is unjustified.

So how dangerous are they? The evidence for harm is limited. Anecdotal reports exist of interference with medical electrical equipment, 1 2 which led to a study by the Medical Devices Agency in the United Kingdom.3 In this study, 4% of medical devices suffered from electromagnetic interference from digital mobile phones at a distance of 1 metre. This compared with 41% from emergency services' handsets and 35% from porters' handsets. Most of the interference related to disturbance of the signal on monitors, such …
Use of Axillary Staging in the Management of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ
Authors: Kimberly J. Van Zee
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

Ellie J. Coromilas, BA; Jason D. Wright, MD; Yongmei Huang, PhD, MPH; Sheldon Feldman, MD; Alfred I. Neugut, MD; Ling Chen, MD, MPH; Dawn L. Hershman, MD, MS
Poor care for elderly people has been made worse by lack of training
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Chronic underinvestment in care services in England and a culture of ageism have been key factors in the poor quality care meted out to elderly people in hospitals and residential homes, expert witnesses told an investigative panel on 24 November.

The comments were made on the day that the government published its new operating framework for the NHS, which strengthens the focus on dignified and compassionate care for elderly and vulnerable patients.

In her evidence to the Commission on Improving Dignity, which was set up to see how care could be improved, Helena Mckeown, chairwoman of the BMA’s committee on community care, cited the results of a BMA membership survey in 2008. This showed that 85% of …
Direct Cardiac Reprogramming
Authors: Li Qian, Deepak Srivastava
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

Heart disease affects millions worldwide and is a progressive condition involving loss of cardiomyocytes. The human heart has limited endogenous regenerative capacity and is thus an important target for novel regenerative medicine approaches. Although cell-based regenerative therapies hold promise, cellular reprogramming of endogenous cardiac fibroblasts, which represent more than half of the cells in the mammalian heart, may be an attractive alternative strategy for regenerating cardiac muscle. Recent advances leveraging years of developmental biology point to the feasibility of generating de novo cardiomyocyte-like cells from terminally differentiated nonmyocytes in the heart in situ after ischemic damage. Here, we review the progress in cardiac reprogramming methods and consider the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead in refining this technology for regenerative medicine.
One Casualty of Global Economic Crisis: Uncertain Finances for HIV/AIDS Programs
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Medical Tour of Boston
Authors: George E. Gifford
Journal: JAMA (1981)

THE YEAR 1980 marked the 350th anniversary of the founding of the city of Boston. During the spring the American Association for the History of Medicine (AAHM) held its annual meeting in Boston, sponsored by the Boston Medical Library. In conjunction with that meeting, my wife and I conducted a guided tour of medical Boston. As summer's warm days approach, it is an appropriate time to reiterate the tour for travelers wishing to reconstruct it for themselves. The original tour was conducted from 9:30 AM to 6 PM with an hour for lunch. This is not intended to be an inclusive tour of medical Boston but merely what we could include in that time span to convey a sense of 350 years of progress in the citadel of American medicine. The following is a summary of our tour; you may follow the route by car or proceed via taxicab. <h3>Boston</h3>
Phenotype, specificity, and function of T cell subsets and T cell interactions involved in skin allograft rejection.
Authors: A S Rosenberg, T Mizuochi, S O Sharrow, A Singer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

In the present study we used an adoptive transfer model with athymic nude mice to characterize the T cells involved in initiating and mediating skin allograft rejection. It was found that skin allograft rejection in nude mice required the transfer of immunocompetent T cells and that such reconstitution did not itself stimulate the appearance of T cells derived from the nude host. Reconstitution with isolated populations of Lyt-2+/L3T4- T cells resulted in the rapid rejection of MHC class I-disparate skin allografts, whereas reconstitution with isolated populations of L3T4+/Lyt-2- T cells resulted in the rapid rejection of MHC class II-disparate and minor H-disparate skin allografts. By correlating these rejection responses with the functional capabilities of antigen-specific T cells contained within the reconstituting Lyt-2+ and L3T4+ T cell populations, it was noted that skin allografts were only rejected by mice that, as shown by in vitro assessment, contained both lymphokine-secreting Th cells and lymphokine-responsive Tk cells specific for the alloantigens of the graft. The ability of two such functionally distinct T cell subsets to interact in vivo to reject skin allografts was directly demonstrated in H-Y-specific rejection responses by taking advantage of the fact that H-Y-specific Th cells are L3T4+ while H-Y specific Tk cells are Lyt-2+. Finally, the importance of in vivo interactions between functionally distinct Th/T-inducer cells and T killer (Tk)/T-effector cells in skin allograft rejection was demonstrated by the observation that normal B6 mice retain Qala and Kbm6 skin allografts because of a selective deficiency in antigen-specific Th cells, even though they contain T-effector cells that, when activated, are able to reject such allografts. Thus, the ability to reject skin allografts is neither unique to a specialized subset of T cells with a given Lyt phenotype, nor unique to a specialized subset of helper-independent effector T cells with so-called dual function capability. Rather, skin allograft rejection can be mediated by in vivo collaborations between T-inducer cells and T-effector cells, and the two interacting T cell subsets can express different Lyt phenotypes as well as different antigen specificities.
HIV-1 infection of human macrophages directly induces viperin which inhibits viral production
Authors: Najla Nasr, Susan Maddocks, Stuart G. Turville, Andrew N. Harman, Natalie Woolger, Karla J. Helbig, John Wilkinson, Chris R. Bye, Thomas K. Wright, Dharshini Rambukwelle, Heather Donaghy, Michael R. Beard, Anthony L. Cunningham
Journal: Blood (2012)
An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline: Sleep Apnea, Sleepiness, and Driving Risk in Noncommercial Drivers. An Update of a 1994 Statement
Authors: Kingman P. Strohl, Daniel B. Brown, Nancy Collop, Charles George, Ronald Grunstein, Fang Han, Lawrence Kline, Atul Malhotra, Alan Pack, Barbara Phillips, Daniel Rodenstein, Richard Schwab, Terri Weaver, Kevin Wilson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<ContentsExecutive SummaryIntroductionMethodsQuestions, Evidence, and ...Final CommentsReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Role of Dimerization of the Membrane-associated Growth Factor Kit Ligand in Juxtacrine Signaling: The <i>Sl</i>17H Mutation Affects Dimerization and Stability—Phenotypes in Hematopoiesis
Authors: Youichi Tajima, Eric J. Huang, Keith Vosseller, Masao Ono, Malcolm A.S. Moore, Peter Besmer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

The Kit ligand (KL)/Kit receptor pair functions in hematopoiesis, gametogenesis, and melanogenesis. KL is encoded at the murine steel (Sl) locus and encodes a membrane growth factor which may be proteolytically processed to produce soluble KL. The membrane-associated form of KL is critical in mediating Kit function in vivo. Evidence for a role of cytoplasmic domain sequences of KL comes from the Sl17H mutation, a splice site mutation that replaces the cytoplasmic domain with extraneous amino acids. Using deletion mutants and the Sl17H allele, we have investigated the role of the cytoplasmic domain sequences of KL in biosynthetic processing and cell surface presentation. The normal KL protein products are processed for cell surface expression, where they form dimers. Both Sl17H and the cytoplasmic deletion mutants of KL were processed to the cell surface; however, the rate of transport and protein stability were affected by the mutations. Deletion of cytoplasmic domain sequences of KL did not affect dimerization of KL. In contrast, dimerization of the Sl17H protein was reduced substantially. In addition, we have characterized the hematopoietic cell compartment in Sl17H mutant mice. The Sl17H mutation has only minor effects on hematopoiesis. Tissue and peritoneal mast cell numbers were reduced in mutant mice as well as in myeloid progenitors. Interestingly, long-term bone marrow cultures from Sl17H mice did not sustain the long-term production of hematopoietic cells. In addition, homing of normal hematopoietic progenitors to the spleen of irradiated Sl17H/Sl17H recipient mice was diminished in transplantation experiments, providing evidence for a role of Kit in homing or lodging. These results demonstrate that the membrane forms of KL exist as homodimers on the cell surface and that dimerization may play an important role in KL/Kit-mediated juxtacrine signaling.
Hairy cell leukemia is infrequent in México and has a geographic distribution
Authors: Guillermo J. Ruiz-Argüelles, Olga G. Cantú-Rodríguez, David Gómez-Almaguer, Jorge Cortés-Franco, Renán A. Góngora-Biachi, Javier Pizzuto, José Rodríguez-Carrillo, Fernando Romero-García, Enrique Torre-López, M. Guadalupe Apreza-Molina, Leopolodo Mercado-Díaz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

Considering that the prevalence of some hematologic malignancies may have a geographic distribution that could be related with its etiology, a group of 2,387 patients with acute leukemia (1,968 adults and 419 children) was studied along a 5-year period in six different locations within México. Twenty-seven patients (16 males and 11 females) with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) were identified. The adjusted overall proportion of HCL, after excluding data from centers reporting only adults, was 1.12% of all leukemia cases; this figure is lower than that reported in the United States or England. The proportion of adult leukemic patients with HCL was significantly higher in the northern region of the country-where there are more people devoted to farming and agricultural activities-as compared with the central or southeastern regions (3.07 vs. 1.03% vs. 0%; P < 0.05); possible explanations for these differences are briefly discussed.
Researchers identify gene for fatal cholesterol disorder
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Solitary colorectal metastasis as the first and sole manifestation of spread is a rare occurrence and can be confused with primary intestinal malignancy. We reported our experience in management of sigmoid colon metastasis from medullary breast carcinoma. <h3>Methods</h3> We presented here a case rarely reported in literature, showing sigmoid colonic metastasis from breast cancer. <h3>Results</h3> A 64-year-old woman with a history of modified radical mastectomy (MRM), followed by adjuvant treatment, performed 19 years ago (2002) for medullar carcinoma in the right breast. She admitted to our hospital for abdominal pain and bowel obstruction syndrome. CT scan showed stenotic eccentric wall thickening of the distal sigmoid colon without metastatic lesion. A colostomy was realized in first time. Followed, secondarily by sigmoidectomy. The subsequent anatomopathological study and immunohistochemistry of the tumor showed metastasis of the carcinoma that was compatible with the primary breast carcinoma. PET-CT was requested and systemic chemotherapy was proposed. <h3>Conclusions</h3> There is no consensus on the management of these uncommon lesions. Surgical treatment is reserved for cases of perforation, hemorrhage or intestinal obstruction.
Improvement of Nasal Congestion and Sleep Quality Following Once-Daily Treatment with Beclomethasone Dipropionate Nasal Aerosol in Patients with Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Eli O. Meltzer, Julius H. Van Bavel, Gordon Raphael, Paul H. Ratner, Yu Ding, Sudeesh Tantry
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation completely blocks osteoclastogenesis by interfering with osteoclast precursor differentiation in vitro
Authors: P. Mandl, S. Hayer, D. Sykoutri, G. Poor, J. S. Smolen, K. Redlich
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background and objective</h3> In the last few years, the discovery of various neurotransmitter receptors on bone cells suggested that the nervous system may participate in the control of bone metabolism. However the role of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on osteoclastogenesis has not been described in detail. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> The authors investigated the presence of nAChR subunits by PCR on osteoclasts (OCs). OCs were defined as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive multinucleated cells, derived from mouse bone marrow, differentiated in the presence of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Additionally, the authors evaluated the effects of various nAChR agonists and antagonists on osteoclastogenesis in vitro. OC markers were evaluated by quantitative PCR. <h3>Results</h3> PCR investigation confirmed the presence of nAChR subunits α1-9 and β1, 2 and 4 in mouse bone marrow derived OCs differentiated in the presence of RANKL and M-CSF. Nicotine dose-dependently and markedly reduced the number of OCs by 99% (inhibitory concentration (IC50): 25 μM). Nicotine also completely reduced the number of pre-OCs, defined as TRAP positive mononuclear cells. Nicotine virtually abrogated osteoclastogenesis, however, the authors observed no difference in total cell number between nicotine-treated and untreated cells; 80% of cells stained positive for CD11b at the termination of the culture suggesting a highly specific effect of nicotine on osteoclastogenesis. Addition of nicotine had no effect on very early stages of osteoclastogenesis, when cells were stimulated only in the presence of M-CSF. Specifically, the effect of nicotine was only apparent in the presence of RANKL indicating interference downstream of RANK. Indeed, when the authors performed quantitative PCR experiments the authors found that mRNA levels of the M-CSF receptor c-fms as well as RANK remained unaffected by nicotine, whereas TRAP, cathepsin-K, matrix metalloproteinase 9 as well as nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 1 mRNA levels were markedly reduced by nicotine. The nicotinic agonist epibatidine showed similar effects as nicotine. The non-competitive nicotinic antagonist mecamylamine when given at high doses also inhibited osteoclastogenesis, suggesting that inhibition caused by the agonists might be associated with the desensitisation of the receptor. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The authors have shown that nAChR agonists completely block osteoclastogenesis by interfering with OC precursor differentiation in vitro. The presence of nAChRs and the effect of nAChR agonists suggest that nicotine and the cholinergic nervous system may play an important regulatory role in osteoclastogenesis.
Socioeconomic determinants of health: Health and the life course: why safety nets matter
Authors: M. Bartley, D. Blane, S. Montgomery
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> This article argues that a life course approach is necessary to understand social variations in health. This is needed in order to take into account the complex ways in which biological risk interacts with economic, social, and psychological factors in the development of chronic disease. Such an approach reveals biological and social "critical periods" during which social policies that will defend individuals against an accumulation of risk are particularly important. In many ways, the authors of modern welfare states were implicitly addressing these issues, and the contribution of these policies to present day high standards of health in developed countries should not be ignored.
<i>Circulation Research</i>
Authors: Arnold M. Katz
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Circulation Research, first published in 1953, was created by the American Heart Association as "the authoritative new journal for investigators of the basic sciences as they apply to the heart and circulation." This review of the early years of the journal highlights the contributions of the first four Editors: Carl J. Wiggers, Carl F. Schmidt, Eugene M. Landis, and Julius H. Comroe, Jr. The success of Circulation Research is seen not only in the high quality of the articles published in its pages but also in the remarkable improvements in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease that have occurred over the past half century.
Recertification for Internists — One “Grandfather's” Experience
Authors: Troyen A. Brennan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Interview with Dr. F. Daniel Duffy on internal medicine's new recertification requirements. (07:08)Download Practicing internal medicine can be isolating: lacking the clear-cut outcomes of one-time interventions like surgery, internists work from day to day essentially without signposts indicating success or failure. Without performance data, not only do I, as an internist, have little sense of where I stand, but the clinical leader of my practice group knows little about my fund of knowledge. She has some key evidence with regard to the group's younger doctors, for they are being recertified. If they fail their board examination, it probably indicates some deficiency. But most members of our practice, having become certified before 1990, are . . .
Assessment of health effects in epidemiologic studies of air pollution.
Authors: J M Samet, F E Speizer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

As we increasingly recognize the complexity of the pollutants in indoor and outdoor microenvironments, a broad array of inhaled mixtures has assumed scientific, public health, and regulatory importance. Few adverse effects of environmental pollutants are specific, that is, uniquely associated with a single agent; the adverse effects that might be considered in an investigation of the consequences of exposure to an inhaled complex mixture are generally nonspecific. In the context of this paper, we will refer to binary mixtures as complex, though we realize that a more precise definition of complexity would restrict the term to mixtures of three or more constituents. Their causes potentially include not only pollutant exposures through the medium of inhaled air but other environmental agents, such as infectious organisms and radiation, and inherent characteristics of the exposed persons, such as atopy. We review the outcome measures that have been used in epidemiologic studies of the health effects of single pollutants and complex mixtures. Some of these outcome measures have been carefully standardized, whereas others need similar standardization and modification to improve sensitivity and specificity for investigating the health effects of air pollution.