tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Multistage carcinogenesis in the urinary bladder.
Authors: S M Cohen, R E Greenfield, L B Ellwein
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The induction of cancer of the urinary bladder is a multi-stage process involving multiple exogenous and endogenous factors. Based on the classical initiation-promotion model, we have used N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT) as initiator and sodium saccharin (SAC) or tryptophan as promoters. These latter chemicals have the properties expected of promoters: induction of hyperplasia, reversibility and nonmutagenicity. Also, tumors were induced whether the promoter was administered immediately after FANFT or beginning 6 weeks after FANFT was discontinued, but no tumors resulted if either promoter was given without initiation with FANFT. Factor(s) present in normal urine also are involved in the promotion process, in addition to the role of urine as a carrier of carcinogens. However, administration of SAC to animals with a rapidly proliferating bladder mucosa, induced by ulceration, pellet insertion, or in utero, resulted in bladder tumor induction, even without prior initiation with FANFT. To better understand the complex interaction of the multiple variables in bladder carcinogenesis, a stochastic computer model has been formulated based on long-term carcinogenicity and tissue kinetic studies in vivo. This model indicates the importance of cell proliferation and the development of hyperplasia in carcinogenesis.
Some Observations on Veld Sore
Authors: W. H. Harland
Journal: BMJ (1901)

The cases were treated by clipping away the whole of the epidermis involved, on the same plan which best ensures eradication of the digital erysipelatoid vesication which we have, at home.By means of dissection forceps and fine scissors the whole of the affected cuticle was removed to the very margin of the involved area, and even, if possible, be- yond it.This is easily done in the home disease, but more difficult in the veld sores.The cause of the difficulty lies in the fact that while in the former there exists vesiculation, that is, a real separation of the epidermis by a cavity beneath it, in veld sores none such exists, the epidermis being thickened and saturated with an infiltrating gelatinous or mucoid serum, so that it resembles the structure of the cornea, only being less transparent, appearing more in colour and consistence like the flesh of a barely ripe green- gage or plum.After as much epidermis as possible has been removed, any.good antiseptic, such as carbolic or salicylic acid, applied in solution, or, still better, in vaseline, speedily brings about a cure.
THE ACTION OF MIOTIC DRUGS ON EYES WITH INCOMPLETE SPHINCTER IRIDIS
Authors: R. J. CURDY
Journal: JAMA (1918)

In the literature of glaucoma and ocular injuries, there are contradictory opinions expressed on the effect of miotic drugs in cases of incomplete sphincter, especially in radial tears of the iris from contusions, leaving it a matter of conjecture whether such radial tears can be increased or diminished by the use of miotics. There is the same contradiction of opinion on the effect of mydriatics on radial tears. Regarding glaucoma, it seems generally to be assumed that the beneficial effects of the miotic drugs are due entirely to the contraction of the sphincter, and that these beneficial effects are abolished if the sphincter is not intact and functionally capable. On the other hand, it is frequently advised that treatment with miotics be given after iridectomy, in case of insufficient effect from the iridectomy, thus recognizing — or hoping — that the miotics may still be effective. Elliott,<sup>1</sup>in objection
In Vivo Delivery of Nucleic Acids via Glycopolymer Vehicles Affords Therapeutic Infarct Size Reduction In Vivo
Authors: Michael Tranter, Yemin Liu, Suiwen He, James Gulick, Xiaoping Ren, Jeffrey Robbins, W. Keith Jones, Theresa M. Reineke
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Using a new class of nontoxic and degradable glycopolymer-based vehicles termed poly(glycoamidoamine)s, we demonstrate virus-like delivery efficacy of oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) decoys to cardiomyoblasts (H9c2), primary cardiomyocytes, and the mouse heart. These glycopolymers bind and compact ODN decoys into nanoparticle complexes that are internalized by the cell membrane and mediate nuclear uptake of DNA in 90+% of cultured primary cardiomyocytes and 87% of the mouse myocardium. Experimental results reveal that decoys delivered via these glycopolymers block the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB, a major contributor to ischemia/reperfusion injury. Decoy complexes formed with glycopolymer T4 significantly blocked downstream gene expression of Cox-2 and limited myocardial infarction in vivo, phenocopying a transgenic mouse model. These promising delivery vehicles may facilitate high-throughput genetic approaches in animal models. Additionally, the low toxicity, biodegradation, and outstanding delivery efficacy suggest that these nanomedicines may be clinically applicable for gene regulatory therapy.
794 NOVEL ADJUVANTS INCREASE HUMORAL NEUTRALISING ANTIBODY AND T CELL IMMUNE RESPONSES IN MHC CLASS I TRANSGENIC MICE TO RECOMBINANT MAMMALIAN CELL DERIVED HEPATITIS C VIRUS-LIKE-PARTICLES
Authors: D. Johnson, B. Chua, A. Tan, R. Chin, L. Earnest-Silveira, T. Bock, W. Zeng, D. Jackson, J. Torresi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Response to oral theophylline in severe chronic obstructive airways disease.
Authors: A. C. Davidson, C. B. Cooper
Journal: BMJ (1989)

evaporate completely.Is it a total waste of time to hope that the profession will abandon complacency and itself introduce the important reforms?Disappointingly, there seem to be some who remain so beguiled by the system that they continue to extol their fairness and honesty while choosing to ignore the damning evidence for arbitrary practices,4 8 for prejudice both geographical' and toward specialties,9 and for the extraordinary discrimination against women.
Pheochromocytoma and Ureteral Obstruction
Authors: John R. Gersack, Leander W. Riba
Journal: JAMA (1964)

WHEN THE UNILATERAL nonfunctioning kidney as demonstrated by intravenous pyelogram studies is associated with hypertension, the question of a remedial lesion arises. Renal hypertension and other entities may constantly mimic this condition. Modern physicians have the unique opportunity of making diagnostic and therapeutic contributions in the approach to surgical hypertension.<sup>1,2</sup> <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 44-year-old obese Negro female presented a nonfunctioning left kidney demonstrated by intravenous pyelogram. The patient had an 11-year history of hypertension. On admission the patient was relatively asymptomatic. She denied having headaches, palpitations, profuse diaphoresis, anxiety, muscular weakness, paresthesia, or polyuria. The abnormal physical findings were limited to a nonpulsating, slightly movable, palpable left para-umbilical mass 10 × 15 cm in diameter. No bruits were ausculated over the mass. The pelvic examination yielded negative results. The patient was afebrile and her blood pressure was 170/110 mm Hg. <h3>Laboratory Findings.—</h3> The blood and urinary findings
Cardiovascular disease and distribution of cognitive function in elderly people: the Rotterdam study
Authors: M M B Breteler, J J Claus, D E Grobbee, A Hofman
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To investigate the distribution of cognitive function in elderly people and to assess the impact of clinical manifestations of atherosclerotic disease on this distribution. <b>Design</b>: Single centre population based cross sectional door to door study. <b>Setting</b>: Ommoord, a suburb of Torrerdam, the Netherlands. <b>Subjects</b>: 4971 subjects aged 55 to 94 years. <b>Main outcome measure</b>: Cognitive function as measured by the mini mental state examination. <b>Results</b>: The overall participation rate in the study was 80%. Cognitive test data were available for 90% of the participants. Increasing age and lower educational level were associated with poorer cognitive function. Previous vascular events, presence of plaques in the carotid arteries, and presence of peripheral arterial atherosclerotic disease were associated with worse cognitive performance independent of the effects of age and education. On average the differences were moderate; however, they reflected the net result of a shift of the total population distribution of cognitive function towards lower values. Thereby, they resulted in a considerable increase in the proportion of subjects with scores indicative of dementia. <b>Conclusions</b>: These findings are compatible with the view that atherosclerotic disease accounts for considerable cognitive impairment in the general population.
Therapeutic Immunity by Adoptive Tumor-primed CD4+ T-cell Transfer in Combination With In Vivo GITR Ligation
Authors: Zuqiang Liu, Shenghe Tian, Louis D Falo, Shimon Sakaguchi, Zhaoyang You
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Tumor-primed CD4(+) T cells from splenocytes of tumor-rejection mice in combination with in vivo glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR) ligation (the combination therapy) elicited effective host CD8(+) T cell-dependent therapeutic immunity against a murine breast tumor. GITR ligation in vitro enhanced tumor-primed CD4(+) T-cell activity and partially abrogated regulatory T cells (Treg) suppressor function. Dendritic cells (DCs) from tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) of tumor-bearing mice treated by the combination therapy stimulated Ag-specific T cells and produced interleukin (IL)-12 ex vivo. Whereas tumor-primed CD4(+) T cells or in vivo GITR ligation alone induced a tumor-specific interferon (IFN)-gamma-producing cellular response, the combination therapy enhanced and sustained it. Furthermore, the combination therapy in vivo attenuated Treg's ability to suppress IL-12 production by DCs and IFN-gamma production by effectors ex vivo. Importantly, tumor-primed CD4(+) CD25(-) T cells from splenocytes of untreated tumor-bearing mice in combination with in vivo GITR ligation also elicited an effective therapeutic effect in this model. These data suggest that the combination therapy may improve DC function, accentuate tumor-specific T-cell responses, and attenuate Treg suppressor function, thereby eliciting effective therapeutic immunity.
Abstract 3101: Precise matching of medulloblastoma mouse models to their human counterparts
Authors: Julia Pöschl, Sebastian Stark, Philipp Neumann, Susanne Gröbner, David Jones, Paul Northcott, Peter Lichter, Stefan Pfister, Marcel Kool, Ulrich Schüller
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Mouse models are indispensible tools to study the biology of a tumor and to perform preclinical treatment studies. Medulloblastoma is a very heterogeneous disease with some subgroups being associated with very poor clinical outcome. A lot of effort has been put into the generation of appropriate mouse models. The usage of these models, however, has become debatable with the advances in human medulloblastoma subtyping. In order to precisely characterize the available variety of mouse models we matched genetics and gene expression patterns of 140 murine and 423 human medulloblastomas. Ctnnb1 mutated mouse tumors significantly matched to human WNT medulloblastoma using agreement of differential gene expression (ADGEX) and k-means clustering analysis. Mouse models that have been generated based on Myc or Mycn alterations variably matched to the human Group 3 medulloblastoma depending on the model and the mathematical algorithm, but none of the available models matched to Group 4 tumors. Interestingly, models with Ptch1 or Smo mutations selectively matched to SHH medulloblastomas of adulthood, but the genetic make-up was not the main determinant of the age-dependent gene expression fingerprint. We emphasize important chances and drawbacks of current medulloblastoma models and suggest that the phenotype of medulloblastoma subtypes is orchestrated by distinct combinations of genetics, epigenetics, and cells of origin. Citation Format: Julia Pöschl, Sebastian Stark, Philipp Neumann, Susanne Gröbner, David Jones, Paul Northcott, Peter Lichter, Stefan Pfister, Marcel Kool, Ulrich Schüller. Precise matching of medulloblastoma mouse models to their human counterparts. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3101. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3101
Microbial Causes of Proven Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and Efficacy of Clindamycin and Tobramycin
Authors: JUDITH N. WASSERHEIT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Thirty-six women with suspected pelvic inflammatory disease were examined by laparoscopy and endometrial biopsy. Acute salpingitis was diagnosed by laparoscopy in 22. Among women with evaluable biopsy samples, plasma cell endometritis was present in 14 of 20 with acute salpingitis and in 1 of 13 without acute salpingitis (p < 0.001). Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, or both were identified in the endometrium or fallopian tubes in 11 of 14 women with both salpingitis and endometritis, in 2 of 9 with salpingitis or endometritis alone, and in 0 of 13 without salpingitis or endometritis (p < 0.0001). Anaerobic or facultative bacteria or mycoplasmas were isolated from tubes or peritoneum from 9 of 14 women with both salpingitis and endometritis, 2 of 9 with salpingitis or endometritis alone, and 3 of 13 without salpingitis or endometritis. Therapy with clindamycin plus tobramycin produced an adequate short-term clinical response in 16 of 19 patients, although patients with severe salpingitis at laparoscopy responded slowly.
Oral calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) does not augment UVB phototherapy for plaque psoriasis
Authors: Janet H Prystowsky, Elizabeth H Knobler, Pamela J Muzio
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1996)

as salicyclic acid in transdermal patches had a 3-month cure rate of 68%, whereas placebo with the occlusive patch material alone resulted in cleating in 28%. 4 Carbon dioxide laser has a cure rate of more than 95% after multiple treatments, but discomfort, risks of scarring, and cost make laser therapy a less optimal treatment in children.6In this small group of patients, our results were not as promising as those reported by Orlow and Paller. 1 One reason for this difference may be that they used cimetidine in conjunction with standard treatments in two thirds of their patients, all of whom had previously tried various topical agents alone without success.We compared the effect of cimetidine alone with standard treatment in children who had, at most, one previous attempt with standard therapy.Although cimetidine might be helpful as adjuvant therapy for warts, we believe there is no compelling evidence that it is effective by itself; in our view, it should not be used as a first-line treatment of common warts.Further studies comparing cimetidine with placebo (or other treatments) for recalcitrant warts may be warranted, but general prescribing of cimetidine for standard treatment of warts in children cannot be recommended on the basis of the data available.
Abstract 3905: Radiation-induced angiogenic signaling pathway in endothelial cells isolated from normal and cancer tissue of human breast.
Authors: Eun-Taex Oh, Moon-Taek Park, Min-Jeong Song, Hyemi Lee, Heon Joo Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Despite the strong possibility that the endothelial cells (ECs) of tumors and normal tissues may differ in various aspects, most previous studies on ECs have used normal cells. Here, we purified ECs from tumorous and normal human breast tissues, and studied the effect of radiation on angiogenesis and the relevant molecular mechanisms in these cells. We found that in normal tissue-derived endothelial cells (NECs), 4 Gy irradiation increased tube formation, MMP-2 expression and ERK pathway activation. In cancer-derived endothelial cells (CECs), however, 4 Gy irradiation significantly reduced tube formation, increased the production of angiostatin and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and up-regulated AKT and JNK pathway activation. Knockdown experiments showed that siMMP-2 efficiently inhibited tube formation by irradiated NECs, while siPlasminogen effectively attenuated the irradiation-induced suppression of tube formation and the up-regulation of angiostatin in CECs. Moreover, siIL-6 clearly inhibited the irradiation-induced generation of angiostatin in CECs. Inhibition of ERK with a pharmacological inhibitor or siRNAs markedly suppressed irradiation-induced tube formation and MMP-2 up-regulation in NECs, while the inhibition of either AKT or JNK with pharmacological inhibitor or siRNA treatment of CECs clearly attenuated the irradiation-induced inhibition of tube formation and the up-regulation of angiostatin and IL-6. These observations collectively demonstrate that there are distinct differences in the radiation responses of NECs and CECs, and might provide important clues for improving the efficacy of radiation therapy. Citation Format: Eun-Taex Oh, Moon-Taek Park, Min-Jeong Song, Hyemi Lee, Heon Joo Park. Radiation-induced angiogenic signaling pathway in endothelial cells isolated from normal and cancer tissue of human breast. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3905. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3905
Can Perinatal HIV Infection Be Eliminated in the United States?
Authors: Lynne M. Mofenson
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
1131-142 Predictors of left atrial appendage thrombogenesis in patients undergoing transesophageal echocardiography-guided cardioversion for atrial fibrillation and flutter
Authors: Faisal O Alatawi, Joseph Malouf, Chandrasekaran Krishnaswarmy, Saeed A Al Ahmari, Brenda S Moon, Charles J Bruce, Naser M Ammash
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Morphometry of pinocytotic vesicles in the capillary endothelium of rabbit lungs using automated equipment.
Authors: J Gil, D A Silage
Journal: Circulation Research (1980)

Pinocytotic vesicles are one of several anatomic factors relevant to the permeability for macromolecules of capillary endothelia. We quantitified the number and distribution of pinocytotic vesicles present in the endothelium of pulmonary capillaries. Several similar studies have been reported in the past for endothelia of systemic capillaries, but the technical difficulties involved in this difficult application of morphometry never have been discussed. In the present work, an on-line microprocessor was used to assist with the processing of the point-counting data. The average figures from nine rabbit lungs for parameters thought to be relevant to characterize the population of vesicles are: thickness of the endothelium (TAUen) 0.192 microns; number of vesicles per volume unit of cell (NVen), 131 vesicles/microns3; vesicular load of each cell front (N/S)b, 196 vesicle/microns2, and (N/S)i, 181 vesicles/microns2. The number of vesicles per volume unit (NVen) is smaller than that which has been described for systemic capillaries.
THE USE OF THYROID EXTRACT IN HENOCH'S PURPURA.
Authors: J. WIRT ROBINSON
Journal: JAMA (1907)

<h3>History.</h3> —David P., white, American, was brought to me July 6, 1906. The following history was obtained from his father: He had always been a healthy boy, and, with the exception of measles at the age of 5, [ill] had no illness until the present illness. During February, 1906, the attack began. He was taken to a physician, who pronounced it eczema. His treatment did not help the child. He had pains in all the joints, but most marked in the knees. Attacks of pain in the abdomen, especially in the left hypogastrium. Vomiting had occurred twice. The bowels were somewhat constipated. <h3>Examination.</h3> —This showed a well-nourished boy of fairly good size for his age. His eyes were clear and his tongue slightly coated. No abdominal tenderness, but slight tympanites. Temperature normal, pulse 80. There was an eruption, petechial in character, covering most of the legs and thighs, but most
TCT-613 ABSORB FIRST: An interim report on baseline characteristics and acute performance on the first 1,200 patients from a prospective, multi-center, global registry
Authors: Eric Eeckhout, Ashok Seth, Vivian W. Mao, Yuan Gao, Wai-Fung Cheong, Peter Staehr, Christoph Naber
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Tissue Engineering: Millimeter‐Sized Neural Building Blocks for 3D Heterogeneous Neural Network Assembly (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 12/2013)
Authors: Midori Kato‐Negishi, Yuya Morimoto, Hiroaki Onoe, Shoji Takeuchi
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

A millimeter-sized neural component, named neural building block (NBB), is formed by using massive amount of neuronal spheroids from a single specific brain region. By assembling different NBBs, Shoji Takeuchi and co-workers show, on page 1564, how 3D heterogeneous macroscopic neural tissue can be fabricated without any scaffold materials. This method offers high cell density cultures, and neurons in this system show complex millimeter-scale axonal extensions into 3D spatial areas.
Reply to the letter of von Rahden and Stein
Authors: O. Pech, T. Rabenstein, H. Manner, C. Ell
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

“I have learned that R1 is not always the same as R1.” These were the words used by Professor Siewert, former head of the Department of Surgery in Munich, to explain to his fellow surgeons the difference between an endoscopic R1 resection and a surgical R1 resection, when he spoke in September 2007 at the annual meeting of the German Society for Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten, DGVS). Von Rahden and Stein, who studied with Siewert for many years, do not appear to have learned similarly that a surgical R1 resection is fundamentally different from an endoscopic resection with an R1 character at the lateral margins.
Responding to disasters
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2008)

It can be hard to know how to respond to events as enormous as the cyclone in Burma (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39580.510683.DB) and the earthquake in China, beyond getting out one’s credit card. The BMJ ’s immediate response, on the day after Cyclone Nargis swamped Burma’s coastal plain, was to re-emphasise on bmj.com that the last thing doctors should do is try to go out there themselves and help. The consensus on this, from experts in and outside affected countries, is impressive, as documented over the past few years in articles in the BMJ (2005;330:263, doi: 10.1136/bmj.330.7485.263; 2006;332:244, doi: 10.1136/bmj.332.7535.244; 2005;330:261, …