tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous in vivo isomerization of bovine serum albumin as a determinant of its normal catabolism.
Authors: K Wallevik
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

By combination of isoelectric focusing and immunoelectrophoresis of fresh bovine plasma it is shown that 10% of the albumin in plasma has isoionic points equal to the intramolecular SS-interchanged isomers of bovine serum albumin (BSA). It is also shown that (a) albumin with the isoionic point of SS-interchanged BSA is produced in the cow from radioiodinated BSA depleted from SS-interchanged albumin before injection and (b) purified radiolabeled SS-interchanged BSA can be converted in vivo to albumin with the native isoionic point. On this basis, it is proposed that SS-interchanged albumin in vivo is in postsynthetic equilibrium with the "native" albumin conformation. The SS-interchanged isomers purified either from commerical BSA or from BSA submitted to SH-SS interchange was, after radioiodination with 125I, compared metabolically with "native" albumin labeled with 131I in the same calf. Both species of SS-interchanged albumins have fast initial turnover rates but obtain a normal rate of degradation after the reversion to native albumin. If the isomers formed in vivo have the same properties as the ones present in commercial BSA, at least 50% of the physiological degradation of albumin can be accounted for by the 6-7 times faster catabolic rates of these isomers.
Impact of HIV infection on Zambian businesses
Authors: R. Baggaley, P. Godfrey-Faussett, R. Msiska, D. Chilangwa, E. Chitu, J. Porter, M. Kelly
Journal: BMJ (1994)

In Zambia, an assessment was made of mortality and morbidity trends from 1987 to 1993 with data collected from the records of 33 companies. Death rates were calculated by dividing the annual number of deaths by the total number of employees at the end of each year. The average total number of employees during the study period was 10,204. The crude death rate among this population increased sequentially (P 0.001) from 0.25 per 100 person years in 1987 to 1.83 in 1993. (Average annual mortality between ages 15 and 60 years old in developing countries is 0.5 per 100 person years.) Most companies do not record cause of death, so this increase can not be absolutely attributable to AIDS. However, there was an increase in reporting death from AIDS and from tuberculosis and diarrhea, which are strongly associated with the disease. Since unemployment is a major problem in Zambia, there are many residents with less income and poorer nutrition than these workers. None of the company managers commented on possible demographic causes for this striking increase. Some managers had noticed increased mortality in their companies, but the aggregate figures really tell the tale.
Abstract 21: Gastrokine 1 functions as a tumor suppressor by regulating inflammatory mediators
Authors: Junghwan Yoon, Yoo Jin Choi, Lin Han, Suk Woo Lee, Won Sang Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Gastrokine 1 (GKN1) plays an important role in the gastric mucosal defense mechanisms and also acts as a functional gastric tumor suppressor. The specific aim of this study was to determine the inflammatory mediator regulation underlying GKN1 activity in the tumor development/progression of gastric cancer. We examined the effect of GKN1 on expression of inflammatory mediators including NF-κB, COX-2, and cytokines in GKN1-transfected and recombinant GKN1-treated AGS gastric cancer cells by western blot and real time RT-PCR. Lymphocyte migration and cell viability were also analyzed in AGS cells after being treated with GKN1 and inflammatory mediators by transwell chemotaxis and MTT assay, respectively. In GKN1-transfected AGS cells, we observed inactivation and reduced expression of NF-κB and COX-2. Ectopic GKN1 expression induced the production of inflammatory mediators including IL-8 and -17A, but decreased IL-6 and IL-10 expressions. GKN1 also functions as a chemoattractant in migration of Jurkat T cells and peripheral B lymphocytes in transwell assay. In addition, GKN1 significantly inhibited cell viability, whereas treatment of IL-10, IL-17 and TNF-α in AGS cells did not show significant difference in cell viability. These data suggest that the GKN1 gene may play an important role in the regulation of inflammatory mediators in the tumor development/progression of gastric cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 21. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-21
Avoidance of Rubella Immunization of Women During or Shortly Before Pregnancy
Authors: James Chin
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Rubella-susceptible women in the childbearing age will need and will request rubella vaccine for direct protection until the spread of rubella is controlled by the immunization of children. Immunization of women should be performed on an individual basis, and appropriate measures should be taken to avoid administration of vaccine shortly before or during pregnancy. This case series of 17 women in California who inadvertently received rubella vaccine shortly before or during pregnancy from April 1969 through February 1970 points to the need for both physicians and patients to be more acutely aware of this problem.
A conceptuocentric shift in the characterization of language
Authors: Peter Ford Dominey
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Recognizing limitations of the “syntactocentric” perspective, Jackendoff proposes a model in which phonology, syntax, and conceptual systems are each independently combinatorial. We can ask, however, whether he has taken this issue to its logical conclusion. The fundamental question that is not fully addressed is whether the combinatorial aspect of syntax originated in, and derives from, the indeed “far richer” conceptual system, a question to be discussed.
Inadequate Orchiectomy for Patients With Testicular Tumors
Authors: Colin Markland
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Nineteen of 36 patients with nonseminomatous germinal tumors had inadequate primary surgical management due to local biopsy or surgical orchiectomy. Treatment of these patients by hemiscrotectomy and inguinal lymphadenectomy showed residual or recurrent tumor in six, two patients now being tumor-free. High inguinal orchiectomy is the recommended surgical technique for all unknown scrotal masses, as it lessens the chance of inadequate removal of a testis tumor.
STUDIES OF OXYGEN IN THE VENOUS BLOOD
Authors: Christen Lundsgaard
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1918)

1. Forty-six determinations of the oxygen unsaturation, i.e., the difference between the venous oxygen and the total oxygen capacity of the hemoglobin, have been done in five patients with compensated circulatory disturbances. 2. Values within normal limits and near or below the normal average were found in four patients with regular pulse. 3. In one patient with mitral insufficiency and arrhythmia perpetua extremely varying values were encountered. Six determinations were made; in one instance the value was within normal limits, in five above, and in one of those even higher than in most cases of incompensated heart lesions. 4. A comparison is drawn between the directly determined oxygen unsaturation in these patients and the oxygen consumption calculated from previous experiments by the writer, where the blood flow was determined directly by the nitrous oxide method. A close parallelism is found.
Swedish study questions mammography screening programmes
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Analysis of the outcome of mammography screening in Sweden over the past 10 years has shown no significant reduction in mortality from breast cancer.

The study analysed data from 17 county councils in Sweden that introduced mammography screening in the late 1980s. The results showed an overall reduction in breast cancer mortality of 0.8%when the number of observed deaths was compared with those expected during the period 1986 to 1996 (L kartidningen 1999;96:904). More than 600000 women aged 50 to 69 years were included in the study.

A member of the …
The Schorstein Lecture ON SYPHILIS AND ANEURYSM: Delivered at the London Hospital, October, 1909
Authors: W. Osler
Journal: BMJ (1909)

COULD he have been asked, I am sure the good clinical physician to wbhom this hour is dedicated would have chosen to keep alive in this hospital which he loved so dearly the tradition of his name by an annual lecture; and he would have felt it peculiarly fitting that the official representative in medicine in his old university, of which he was so devoted a son, and which he remembered so generously in his will, should have been selected as the first lecturer.Amid the tragedies of professional life two seem darkest -the young man full of hope cut off in the springtime of promise, stricken in the very forefront of the battle as it began, by sepsis, typhoid, tuberculosis or diphtheria.Scarcely less poignant is our grief at the loss of a man who has spent the strong years in gaining for himself a distinguished position, and just when everything has prospered in his hand, and he is entering after the long struggle upon well deserved honours and rewards, the " blind fury " snatches him away.Such was the fate of our friend Gustav Schorstein, the memory of whose service to the profession and to this great charity is to be com- memorated in this most appropriate way.
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC STUDIES IN IDIOPATHIC EPILEPSY, IDIOPATHIC SYNCOPE AND RELATED DISORDERS IN A U. S. NAVAL HOSPITAL
Authors: RALPH ROSSEN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1947)

1. The physiological and psychological factors relating to idiopathic syncopal attacks are discussed since this symptom was predominant in the group discharged with non-epileptic diagnoses. 2. The symptoms produced by arresting cerebral circulation in man (4) and the syncopal attacks observed in certain cases of personality disorder and psychoneurosis are compared. 3. The ultimate discharge diagnosis and EEG correlation were considered in 469 patients admitted with a diagnosis of epilepsy or a possible convulsive disorder and analysis showed that less than half were discharged from the naval service with a diagnosis of epilepsy and that the EEG abnormalities were significantly higher in this group. 4. Of 469 cases admitted with the possibility of a convulsive disorder 147 were discharged with a diagnosis of personality disorder and 62 with the diagnosis of psychoneurosis which made up about 44% of the admission group. 5. Analysis of 206 cases discharged from a U. S. naval hospital with a diagnosis of epilepsy is presented. The EEG findings are compared with a control group. There is a similarity between Gibbs' series of EEG findings in 730 adult epileptics and with his series of "controls." 6. Nineteen cases or 9.6% of the series gave a history of head injury 1 to 10 years prior to their first convulsive seizure. Of these 19 cases 11 had abnormal EEG, 5 of which were focal in type. 7. Of this series 127 patients had been observed in typical grand mal seizures, and of this group 63% had greatly abnormal EEG and 11.8% showed slightly abnormal EEGs. 8. Typical petit mal histories in this series were rare as were typical petit mal waves in the EEG tracings. A possible explanation for this may be that all of the patients considered were over 17 years of age and 90% of them were in the age group of 17-30 years; the remaining 10% were over 30 years of age.
ON FORECASTING: A Contribution to the Prognostics of Some Anomalies of the Heart and of the Urine
Authors: W. P. S. Branson
Journal: BMJ (1921)

may, of coturse, be present in tlhe samie case.Whlen there is dotubt, examiiination in tllc sitting or standing posture should celear uIp the point.PIrns/?iS.Many women with constant p,ain in tlle sides have healtlhy cllildren ole after anotlher anid lhave good healthl in otlher respects.The paii agenerally disappears at tlle clhange of life, but unitil tllat in reaclhed there is nio prospect of permanent relief in pronouncecl cases.Tlhe slialgter cases are aiiienable to treatment in somue dearee.Tlle important factor is the patient's nervous systemii.Tlle hlyperaesthetic w,voman, especially if slhe lhas a kind lhusband and sympatlhetic relatives, is liliely to transfer her patronage fromi one doctor to anotlher until, after descendling a scale of faitlh-lhealers and quacks, slhe ends up a lhopoless neurastlhenic, bereft of lher appendix and botlh lher ovaries.Tlhe ordinary patient, afLer lhaving lher discomforL explained by a wise medical adviser, will adjust her life according to hiis instructions, takce care of lher general lhealtlh, keep hler bowels loose, and put up witl the acliing when slhe cannot avoid it.Treatnent.A careful and sotund prognosis is tlle essential element in the treatmnent of this conditioni.Unfortulnately the diaginosis of ovaritis has often led to mi.staklen treatm-lent of varicocele.For the word ending in "itis " suggests inflammation.The idea of inflamnmation suggests the use of lhot douclhes and glycerin plugs, whliell make tlle patient m-teli worse.Wlho would blister the scrotum for varicocele and wlho would relmlove the testis'?Yet square yards of blisters have been used and multitudes of ovaries have been excised for the same condition in women.Bunches of dilated veinis in tlle broad ligamients have often been tied and excised with temporary benefit; but the pain aenerally returns sooner or later, with disappoint- ment as the result.It must be allowed that there is at present no local or surgical treatment available.Tlle patient should be told to keep lher bowels loose and to avoid standing, but to talke pleiity of active exercise-worl or play.The most useful drugs in my experience are the two old-fashioned mixtures-cascara, belladonna, and strychnine ; and quinine, iron, and Epsom salts.IMany patients find peace by taking a small saline aperient every morning.A change of employment often works like a charm.ON FORECASTING.
Incidental Detection of Esophageal Diverticulum During Gastric Emptying Examination
Authors: AJAY MALPANI, MICHAEL BLEND, CARLOS BEKERMAN, STEVEN PINSKY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

The majority of diverticula of the middle and lower esophagus are asymptomatic and usually detected on an upper gastrointestinal series performed for other indications. A case of esophageal diverticulum, first detected during a nuclear gastric emptying procedure in which persistent retention of activity was noted in the mid-esophagus, is reported. Esophageal diverticulum was confirmed on an upper gastrointestinal series. This serendipitous scintigraphic finding during a gastric emptying study is not believed to have been reported previously. The diagnosis of esophageal diverticulum should be considered when persistent retention of activity is noted in the esophagus.
Experience with Anastomosis of Superior Vena Cava to Pulmonary Artery (Glenn Procedure)
Authors: ALFRED M. KEIRLE, JAMES A. HELMSWORTH, SAMUEL KAPLAN, ARTHUR E. OGDEN
Journal: Circulation (1963)

Fifteen children with uncorrectable cyanotic heart disease were treated with the Glenn procedure. The hospital mortality was 20 per cent. Total and partial body perfusions were used in two cases to accomplish the anastomosis. The indications for perfusion have been discussed. Modifications in anesthesia were presented to reduce the high incidence of hypotension, bradycardia, and cardiac arrest.
The effects of dietary supplementation with fish oil in patients with psoriasis
Authors: P.D.L. MAURICE, B.R. ALLEN, A.S.J. BARKLEY, S.R. COCKBILL, J. STAMMERS, P.C. BATHER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Ten patients with psoriasis resistant to conventional topical treatment were given dietary supplements of fish oil, providing approximately 12 g of eicosapentaenoic acid daily for a period of at least 6 weeks. In eight patients there was a modest improvement in their psoriasis, the principal effects being a diminution of erythema and scaling. The dietary treatment resulted in a substantial inhibition of leukotriene B4 production by the peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro. The discrepancy between the high degree of inhibition of leukotriene B4 synthesis and the modest therapeutic effect suggests that leukotriene B4 is not the only mediator involved in the development of the psoriatic lesion. Furthermore, the in vivo cutaneous levels of leukotriene B4 might not have been inhibited to the same extent as the polymorphonuclear leukocyte levels in vitro. Further studies on the use of fish oil supplements, both on their own and in conjunction with other forms of treatment in psoriasis are warranted. It will also be important to determine whether the altered profile of 5-lipoxygcnase products found in the blood is also seen in the skin.
Prison rights: mandatory drugs tests and performance indicators for prisons
Authors: S. M Gore, A G. Bird, A. J Ross
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Nitric oxide (NO) may be bronchoprotective in asthma, possibly due to a direct action on airway smooth muscle or through mast cell stabilisation. To investigate this the effects of two doses of nebulised N<sup>G</sup>-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), a non-selective NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor, on exhaled NO levels and airway responsiveness to histamine, a direct smooth muscle spasmogen, and adenosine-5′-monophosphate (AMP), an indirect spasmogen which activates mast cells, were evaluated in patients with mild asthma. <h3>METHODS</h3> The study consisted of two phases each with a double blind, randomised, crossover design. In phase 1, 15 subjects inhaled either l-NAME 54 mg or 0.9% saline 30 minutes before histamine challenge. Nine of these subjects were studied in a similar fashion but were also challenged with AMP. In phase 2, 13 subjects (eight from phase 1) performed the same protocol but inhaledl-NAME in a dose of 170 mg or 0.9% saline before being challenged with histamine and AMP. <h3>RESULTS</h3> The mean (95% CI) reduction in exhaled NO levels after l-NAME 54 mg was 78% (66 to 90) but this did not alter airway responsiveness; the geometric mean (SE) concentration provoking a fall of 20% or more in forced expiratory volume in one second (PC<sub>20</sub>) after l-NAME and saline was 0.59 (1.26) and 0.81 (1.26) mg/ml, respectively, for histamine and 20.2 (1.7) and 17.2 (1.6) mg/ml, respectively, for AMP. In contrast,l-NAME 170 mg reduced NO levels to a similar extent (81% (95% CI 76 to 87)) but increased airway responsiveness by approximately one doubling dose to both spasmogens; the geometric mean (SE) PC<sub>20</sub> for histamine after l-NAME 170 mg and saline was 0.82 (1.29) and 1.78 (1.19) mg/ml, respectively (p&lt;0.001), and for AMP was 11.8 (1.5) and 24.3 (1.4) mg/ml, respectively (p&lt;0.001). <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> These results suggest thatl-NAME increases airway responsiveness in asthma. This may occur through mechanisms separate from NO inhibition or through pathways independent of those responsible for production of NO measured in exhaled air.
Emotional expression of capacity and trustworthiness in humor and in social dilemmas
Authors: Norman P. Li, Daniel Balliet
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Humor and social dilemmas are two disparate areas that have been linked to emotions. However, they tend to have been studied apart from considerations of emotion and emotional expression. We provide an overview of how such areas might be illuminated by Vigil's socio-relational framework, and how capacity and trustworthiness are communicated in humor and social dilemmas.
Outcomes of Guided Imagery (GI) in Patients Receiving Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer.
Authors: D. Serra, C. Robertson-Paris, M. Chadha, E. Carper, S. Fleishman, L. Harrison
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: There is an emerging recognition of the importance of Integrative Medicine in cancer care. We initiated a study evaluating the impact of GI on patients undergoing radiation therapy for breast cancer.Materials and Methods: A prospective, IRB-approved study evaluating the efficacy of GI among patients receiving radiation therapy for breast cancer was completed. Eligible patients had GI sessions with an Integrative Oncology Nurse (ION) and were given the tools and were trained techniques for self practice. The study endpoints include evaluating relaxation response to GI sessions using clinical variables that represent the level of an individuals stress and anxiety. These biofeedback measures included blood pressure (BP), respiration rate (RR), pulse rate (PR), and skin temperature (temp.) before and after the GI exercise. Further, the EQ-5D questionnaire, an established and validated tool for measuring health outcomes, was used for the subjective assessment. Patients completed the EQ-5D questionnaire prior to their first GI session (baseline data) and again at completion of radiation treatment. Patient feedback on their overall experience was collected at the end of the planned RT treatment through a satisfaction survey.Results: In all, 68 breast cancer patients have completed the protocol. The median age is 57 years. Median number of GI sessions with the ION was 4 (range: 1-6). In all cases, the parameters measured statistically significant improvement from baseline; median RR decreased from 19.6 per minute to 17.5 per minute; the mean drop of 4 beats/ minute in the pulse rate was observed. The mean drop in the systolic BP was 8.6mmHg, and the mean drop in the diastolic BP was 3.6 mmHg, and the mean skin temperature increased from 84.70F to 89.40F indicating increase in peripheral capillary flow secondary to a decrease in the sympathetic response. Results are summarized in Table 1. Overall 86% described the GI sessions as helpful, and 100% would recommend this intervention to others.Clinical VariablePrior to GI session (mean values)After GI session (mean values)p-valueRespiration rate19.617.5&amp;lt;0.001Pulse rate77.073.00.002Diastolic BP71.668.00.02Systolic BP124.3115.7&amp;lt;0.001Skin temp.84.7°F89.4°F0.007 Conclusion: The results of this study illustrate the positive impact of GI as measured through subjective and objective parameters. In improving the overall care of breast cancer patients there may be value to incorporating practices of Integrative Medicine. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 5039.
The child's trigger experience: Degree-0 learnability
Authors: David Lightfoot
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1989)

Abstract According to a “selective” (as opposed to “instructive”) model of human language capacity, people come to know more than they experience. The discrepancy between experience and eventual capacity (the “poverty of the stimulus”) is bridged by genetically provided information. Hence any hypothesis about the linguistic genotype (or “Universal Grammar,” UG) has consequences for what experience is needed and what form people's mature capacities (or “grammars”) will take. This BBS target article discusses the “trigger experience,” that is, the experience that actually affects a child's linguistic development. It is argued that this must be a subset of a child's total linguistic experience and hence that much of what a child hears has no consequence for the form of the eventual grammar. UG filters experience and provides an upper bound on what constitutes the triggering experience. This filtering effect can often be seen in the way linguistic capacity can change between generations. Children only need access to robust structures of minimal (“degree-0”) complexity. Everything can be learned from simple, unembedded “domains” (a grammatical concept involved in defining an expression's logical form). Children do not need access to more complex structures.