tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phase II Trial of Oral Aminopterin for Adults and Children with Refractory Acute Leukemia
Authors: Peter D. Cole, Richard A. Drachtman, Angela K. Smith, Sarah Cate, Richard A. Larson, Douglas S. Hawkins, John Holcenberg, Kara Kelly, Barton A. Kamen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: To determine the antileukemic activity of weekly oral aminopterin in patients with refractory acute leukemia; to describe the pharmacodynamic properties of aminopterin; and to contrast the intracellular metabolism of aminopterin and methotrexate by patients' blasts in vitro. Experimental Design: Forty-six patients were enrolled in three strata: children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), adults with ALL, and patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Aminopterin was given weekly, in two doses of 2 mg/m2, 12 hours apart. Limited sampling pharmacokinetic analysis was done during the first week of therapy. Accumulation of [3H]aminopterin and [3H]methotrexate by leukemic blasts was studied in vitro. Results: Six of 22 children with ALL (27%; 95% confidence interval, 8-47%) had clinically significant responses. None of those with AML and only two of 11 adults with ALL had responses meeting protocol definitions, although peripheral blast counts tended to decrease with therapy in all groups. Mucosal toxicity was minimal, even with limited use of leucovorin rescue. Complete bioavailability of aminopterin was confirmed, with a mean area under the curve of 0.52 ± 0.03 μmol hour/L after oral dosing. No relationship between aminopterin pharmacokinetics and response was seen. In vitro, aminopterin showed more consistent metabolism by leukemic blasts to polyglutamates than methotrexate. Lineage-specific differences in the pattern of intracellular antifolylpolyglutamates were observed. Conclusions: Weekly oral aminopterin has significant activity among children with refractory ALL. With greater cellular accumulation and metabolism, more reliable bioavailability than methotrexate, and tolerable toxicity at this dose and schedule, aminopterin deserves further study as a potent alternative to methotrexate.
National survey of use of the Angelchik antireflux prosthesis.
Authors: D L Morris, C S Robertson, J D Hardcastle
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Right atrial thrombus: a complication of total parenteral nutrition in an adult Complications of total parenteral nutrition include sepsis, thrombosis, and metabolic abnormalities.Although several cases ofright atrial thrombosis as a complication of total parenteral nutrition have been described in premature infants,t4 it has not, to our knowledge, been described in adults.We report such a case in an adult. Case reportA 17 year old youth was admitted with a suspected infection of his central venous feeding line.From June 1983 he had received home parenteral nutrition after resection of virtually all his small intestine because of gangrene caused by a volvulus.He had been well until two days before his admission, when he developed a fever and rigors.On examination he was feverish with a temperature of 38°C.His heart sounds were normal and his chest clear.Blood cultures grew Staphylococcus epidernidis and he was treated with flucloxacillin.His fever resolved and he restarted intravenous feeding.He was readmitted two weeks later with a sudden onset ofdyspnoea, fever, and dry cough.On examination he was feverish with a temperature of 39-70C.His pulse rate was 130/min and his heart sounds were normal.He had bilateral basal crepitations.An electrocardiogram showed sinus tachycardia and a chest x ray film showed a decreased vascularity in the right, mid, and lower zones.A perfusion-ventilation scan showed a perfusion defect in the right lower zone that was suggestive of a pulmonary embolus.His feeding line was removed and two
Clonality of Parathyroid Tumors in Familial Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
Authors: Eitan Friedman, Kazushige Sakaguchi, Allen E. Bale, Alberto Falchetti, Elizabeth Streeten, Mark B. Zimering, Lee S. Weinstein, Wesley O. McBride, Yusuke Nakamura, Maria-Luisa Brandi, Jeffrey A. Norton, Gerald D. Aurbach, Allen M. Spiegel, Stephen J. Marx
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1) is characterized by tumors of the parathyroids, endocrine pancreas, and anterior pituitary. Since the gene associated with MEN-1, located on chromosome 11 (11q13), may normally inhibit tumor proliferation, tumors could arise from inactivation of one or both of the alleles. However, parathyroid tumors in patients with MEN-1 have been considered to result from polyclonal hyperplasia. Using genetic probes, we tested parathyroid tumors for a monoclonal component, represented by a loss of alleles at any of eight loci along chromosome 11. Ten of 16 tumors from 14 patients with familial MEN-1 had losses of alleles from chromosome 11. Tumors with losses were larger than those without (1.6 vs. 0.2 g; P<0.002), suggesting that a monoclonal adenoma may develop after a phase of polyclonal hyperplasia. In 7 of 10 tumors, the subregion of loss was less than the full length of chromosome 11 but always included one copy of the MEN-1 locus. Of 34 sporadic adenomas from patients without MEN-1, 9 showed similar allelic losses in chromosome 11; in 7 the losses included the apparent MEN-1 locus. We conclude that many "hyperplastic" parathyroid tumors in familial MEN-1 are in fact monoclonal and may progress or even begin to develop by inactivation of the MEN-1 gene (at 11ϥ13) in a precursor cell. Some sporadic adenomas have allelic losses on chromosome 11, which may also involve the MEN-1 gene. (N Engl J Med 1989; 321:213–8.)
Orally Administered Particulate β-Glucan Modulates Tumor-Capturing Dendritic Cells and Improves Antitumor T-Cell Responses in Cancer
Authors: Bing Li, Yihua Cai, Chunjian Qi, Richard Hansen, Chuanlin Ding, Thomas C. Mitchell, Jun Yan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

The beneficial properties of β-glucans have been recognized for centuries. Their proposed mechanisms of action in cancer therapy occur via stimulation of macrophages and priming of innate neutrophil complement receptor 3 for eliciting complement receptor 3-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of iC3b-opsonized tumor cells. The current study is to investigate whether β-glucan therapy has any effect on antitumor adaptive T-cell responses.We first examined the trafficking of orally administered particulate yeast-derived β-glucan and its interaction with dendritic cells (DC) that captured tumor materials. Antigen-specific T cells were adoptively transferred into recipient mice to determine whether oral β-glucan therapy induces augmented T-cell responses. Lewis lung carcinoma and RAM-S lymphoma models were used to test oral β-glucan therapeutic effect. Further mechanistic studies including tumor-infiltrating T cells and cytokine profiles within the tumor milieu were determined.Orally administered particulate β-glucan trafficked into spleen and lymph nodes and activated DCs that captured dying tumor cells in vivo, leading to the expansion and activation of antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells. In addition, IFN-γ production of tumor-infiltrating T cells and CTL responses were significantly enhanced on β-glucan treatment, which ultimately resulted in significantly reduced tumor burden. Moreover, β-glucan-treated tumors had significantly more DC infiltration with the activated phenotype and significant levels of Th1-biased cytokines within the tumor microenvironment.These data highlight the ability of yeast-derived β-glucan to bridge innate and adaptive antitumor immunity and suggest that it can be used as an adjuvant for tumor immunotherapy.
Daytime urinary frequency in children.
Authors: A. K. Leung, W. L. Robson
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Trophic changes of the exocrine pancreas after in vivo gastrin (G)/CCK treatment are well documented but up to now the study of the mechanisms involved is restricted by the lack of a suitable in vitro model. Nevertheless the in vivo trophic effect induced by gastrin/CCK peptides has been associated with an increase of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity. In the present work, using the AR42J cell line in which CCK receptors and stimulation of amylase release by CCK peptides has already been demonstrated, we investigated the presence of gastrin binding sites and the possible modulation of proliferation by an inhibitor of ODC activity. 125I-BH-G17ns binding is saturable, reversible and specific. Potencies of the different analogues tested are G17ns greater than CCK8 greater than CCK8ns greater than or equal to G6s greater than G/CCK4. Furthermore dBt cGMP, a non-peptide antagonist for CCK receptors, does not compete for gastrin binding. This indicates the existence of a subclass of gastrin binding sites. Difluoromethyl ornithine (DFMO) (1 mM), an irreversible inhibitor of ODC, inhibits cell growth from day 3 up to day 7. This growth inhibition is dose dependent and closely related to an intracellular polyamine modulation. Putrescine and spermidine levels fell under detectable values while spermine levels increased. All these data suggest that this cell line could be a useful in vitro model to study the mechanisms of gastrin induced growth control.
Immunophenotypic and gene expression analysis of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis shows biologic characteristics associated with good prognosis CLL
Authors: M C Lanasa, S D Allgood, S L Slager, S S Dave, C Love, G E Marti, N E Kay, C A Hanson, K G Rabe, S J Achenbach, L R Goldin, N J Camp, B K Goodman, C M Vachon, L G Spector, L Z Rassenti, J F Leis, J P Gockerman, S S Strom, T G Call, M Glenn, J R Cerhan, M C Levesque, J B Weinberg, N E Caporaso
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Case 19-1967
Authors: Edwin O. Wheeler, Robert E. Scully
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

Presentation of CaseA forty-three-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of dyspnea and swelling of the legs and abdomen.She had been well until ten months previously, when she had a brief illness with nausea and vomiting, attributed to a viral infection, and one month thereafter she had a similar illness. Seven months before admission nausea, vomiting and diarrhea developed, accompanied by myalgia, severe palpitation and dyspnea. On admission to another hospital electrocardiograms were taken, and she was told that she had had a heart attack. Oxygen was given; the signs and symptoms subsided after the first day, . . .
Survival With Conservative Therapy
Authors: Roger W. Barnes
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Carcinoma of the prostate which has not extended beyond the prostatic capsule is designated as a localized lesion, and can be entirely removed by total prostatectomy. Extension beyond the capsule may be undetectable by gross examination, either by rectal palpation or by gross examination of the specimen after removal. Malignant cells may penetrate the capsule by extension along the perineural sheaths or by other routes and may be demonstrated only by histopathologic examination. Early prostatic cancer causes no symptoms and is discovered by palpation of a hard nodule by digital examination through the anterior rectal wall, and/or by finding a localized or focal lesion during histopathologic examination of tissue removed at the time of prostatectomy for supposed benign hyperplasia. Approximately one half of the hard nodules discovered by palpation are malignant<sup>30</sup>; the others are areas of inflammatory induration, fibrosis, or calculi. Therefore, in order to make a definite diagnosis
103 Multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial of non-selective beta-blockers in the prevention of the complications of portal hypertension: final results and identification of a predictive factor
Authors: R GROSZMANN, G GARCIATSAO, R MAKUCH, J BOSCH, A ESCORSEL, J GARCIAPAGAN, N GRACE, D MATLOFF, A BURROUGHS, D PATCH
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
George Peter Baker
Authors: R Courtenay-Evans
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former consultant physician Mayday Hospital, Croydon (b Oxford 1915; q Guy's Hospital, London, 1942; MD, FRCP), died 5 October 2003.​2003.




Figure 1




Peter Baker graduated in organic chemistry before studying medicine. After qualifying, he was called up into the Royal Air Force, seeing service in north Africa and the Middle East. In 1952 he was appointed consultant general physician at Mayday Hospital, Croydon, which until 1948 had been a severely underresourced municipal hospital. He was active in upgrading the quality of medical practice there, forging the foundations of the comprehensive service that the hospital enjoys today. He was an astute chairman of the hospital medical committee. He was also chief medical officer to Hill Samuel Life Assurance for many years. He retired in 1979.
Inconsistency in Clinical Measurements Can Be Improved Through Training
Authors: Robert A. Swerlick
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Dementia and cerebral noradrenergic innervation.
Authors: D M Mann, P O Yates
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Urban hypothermia SIR,-It was with interest that we read the paper by Dr K J Collins and others ( 17January, p 175) giving support to a preferred environmental temperature of approximately 22°C irrespective of age.A random age-and sex-stratified sample of over-65s living in the community and on the list of a large central Glasgow practice were visited during the mornings between mid- November and mid-December 1980.Informa- tion from 220 individuals was obtained and the findings support those of previous surveys,1 indicating that a large majority do not have an environmental temperature anywhere near their comfort zone.Living room temperatures measured by a portable digital thermistor thermometer (Clandon Scientific Ltd) showed that 96% were below the recommended temperature of 21-10C.2If we take 18 3°C as a minimum acceptable level,3 84% were recorded as below this minimum level.A
The Electrocardiographic Recognition of Pacemaker Function and Failure
Authors: IRA L. RUBIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

The recognition of proper and improper function of implanted electronic pacemakers utilized for cardiac stimulation may be aided by a knowledge of how they function and their effect on the electrocardiographic tracing. The electrocardiograms of patients with fixed rate, demand, atrial synchronous, and ventricular synchronous pacemakers are described. Pacemaker malfunction may arise at a number of points within the pacemaker itself or from failure of the electrical impulse to be conducted to the myocardium. Careful analysis of the electrocardiographic patterns may permit an accurate diagnosis of pacemaker malfunction even before symptoms develop. Electrocardiographic examples are analyzed and discussed.
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.
Authors: S W Denholm
Journal: BMJ (1993)

tion in insurance.Finally, the use of genetic tests exacerbates the dilemma of underwriting described above as the tests increase the amount of information available regarding a person's risk of becoming ill.Because of these distinctions between monogenic and non-genetic tests a strong case can be made for forbidding the use oftests for monogenic conditions.Given the rapid technical advances in medical genetics, testing for a predisposition to many common disorders-such as heart disease, diabetes, and various forms of cancer-may soon be possible.For these diseases both genetic and environ- mental factors are usually implicated in the pathogenesis.As these diseases, like most diseases, are neither exclusively genetic nor exclusively environmental, tests for them cannot be readily distinguished from other medical tests.The blurring of the distinction between genetic and non- genetic medical conditions does not mean that the use of tests that provide genetic information about multifactorial condi- tions will be no more problematic than non-genetic medical tests.Typically, genetic tests, especially those for multi- factorial conditions, provide less predictive information about the course of a disease than is commonly believed.Moreover, stigmatisation and discrimination will not disappear so long as genes are believed to play a dominant part in determining our lives.The Insurance Task Force of the Human Genome Project proposed a moratorium on the use of genetic tests in health insurance until a national health care programme was in place.3We would argue that, given the problems raised by genetic tests, a moratorium similar to that suggested by the Nuffield Council on Bioethics should be extended to all forms of insurance in which underwriting is based on medical risks.
The Impact of First-Responder Defibrillation-Reply
Authors: Bela B. Hackman
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The efficacy of using an automated external defibrillator to terminate ventricular fibrillation has been clearly established.<sup>1,2</sup>Our study was conducted to evaluate the impact, or effectiveness, of this technology in the real world of urban emergency medical services. This is why we based our analysis on intention to treat, whether or not the treatment (ie, automated defibrillation) was actually received. The devices were used less frequently than we originally anticipated because our paramedics and firefighters arrived almost simultaneously in a substantial minority of cases. When this occurred, paramedics often gave the first shock instead of firefighters. Although it may be argued in this subset of cases that paramedics could have initiated endotracheal intubation and administration of intravenous drugs a bit faster if firefighters had proceeded with defibrillation, it is unlikely that this affected subgroup survival to a significant degree. The mean paramedic response time intervals were virtually
68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT Imaging in Carotid Body Tumor
Authors: Shankaramurthy Gayana, Bhagwant Rai Mittal, Anish Bhattacharya, Bishan Dass Radotra, Ashok K. Gupta
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Imaging modalities like Doppler ultrasonography, contrast-enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are routinely used in the diagnosis of carotid body tumors. 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT is another promising noninvasive technique in the diagnosis of carotid body tumors. We present 18F-FDG PET/CT and 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in a 30-year-old man with carotid body tumor.
Unchained Memories: True Stories of Traumatic Memories, Lost and Found
Authors: Julia B. Frank
Journal: JAMA (1995)

No area of current psychiatric interest is more politicized than discussions about traumatic memory. Public figures, criminal defendants, and civil plaintiffs have drawn intense media attention to claims of memories of victimization, especially incest, child abuse, and, most recently, accusations of Satanism. The accused parties vigorously impugn such testimony by claiming the existence of a "false memory syndrome." Both sides have vocal constituencies, so that dispassionate scientific debate over the nature and validity of memory enlists both radical critics of the social order and radical defenders of the power structure that maintains it. When the events in question become the subject of legal proceedings, the differences between standards of clinical validity and those required in a court of law further obscure the problem. Lenore Terr, the author of this volume, is an undisputed authority on the subject of children's capacity to remember traumatic events. In the 1970s she evaluated a
The Identity of Nerve Force and Electricity.
Authors: R. E. Haughton
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Richmond, Ind., March 7, 1903. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —My attention has been called to a paper read by Professor Loeb of the University of Chicago early in January, 1902. My reason for addressing you is this, viz.: to direct attention to work done, experiments made by myself, and conclusions reached, which will anticipate by priority his deductions and conclusions, as I understand them in his paper. I desire to mention my papers which have been read and published as early as 1873, 1875 and 1879, and papers since those dates which were published in the<i>Chicago Review</i>and are along the line recently indicated by Professor Loeb as "recent progress." I noticed the same, and desire to make my claim good, since 1873, in papers read and published. If, as he claims, the views are recent progress, I have anticipated him more than twenty years, as I was then teaching
Predictive Factors in Open Myelomeningocele with Special Reference to Sensory Level
Authors: G. Hunt, W. Lewin, J. Gleave, D. Gairdner
Journal: BMJ (1973)

A total of 113 cases of open myelomeningocele operated on shortly after birth were followed up and the 80 survivors (71%) were assessed one and a quarter to seven and a half years later. Their disability was classified in terms of mobility, intelligence, continence, and major complications; these when combined provided an assessment of overall disability. The overall disability of the survivors was minimal in 6%, moderate in 40%, severe in 39%, and very severe in 15%.A number of clinical features present at birth were analysed for their predictive value. Of these the sensory level, which frequently differed from both external and radiological levels of the lesion, correlated with the outcome in terms of mobility, intelligence, continence, major complications, and overall disability; and also with deaths caused by renal failure.A policy of confining operation to those patients with a reasonable chance of achieving independence would involve selecting for treatment a minority of all infants born with open myelomeningocele.
Nurse-administered propofol–alfentanil sedation using a patient-controlled analgesia pump compared with opioid–benzodiazepine sedation for outpatient colonoscopy
Authors: S. Liu, C. Poon, T. Leung, C. Wong, Y. Chan, T. Leung, H. Leong
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Background and study aim: Nurse-administered propofol sedation (NAPS) and patient-controlled sedation using patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pumps are gaining increasing popularity for gastrointestinal endoscopy. We compared the safety and efficacy of NAPS using PCA pumps with diazemuls–pethidine sedation (DPS) for outpatient colonoscopy.