tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-term oral administration of amrinone for congestive heart failure: lack of efficacy in a multicenter controlled trial.
Authors: B Massie, M Bourassa, R DiBianco, M Hess, M Konstam, M Likoff, M Packer
Journal: Circulation (1985)

A number of uncontrolled studies have indicated that oral administration of amrinone, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor with potent positive inotropic effects in experimental preparations, may be beneficial in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. The present multicenter trial was designed to prospectively evaluate clinical response and change in exercise tolerance during 12 weeks of amrinone therapy in a double-blind, placebo-controlled protocol. Ninety-nine patients with NYHA functional class 3 or 4 congestive heart failure on digitalis and diuretics, of whom 31 were also receiving captopril, were enrolled. After baseline clinical assessment and determination of exercise tolerance, radionuclide left ventricular ejection fraction, and roentgenographic cardiothoracic ratio, patients were randomly assigned to receive amrinone or placebo, beginning at 1.5 mg/kg tid and increasing to a maximum dosage of 200 mg tid. After 12 weeks of therapy or at the last blinded evaluation in patients who did not complete this protocol, there were no significant differences from baseline values between treatment with amrinone or placebo with regard to symptoms, NYHA functional class, left ventricular ejection fraction, cardiothoracic ratio, frequency and severity of ventricular ectopy, or mortality. Exercise tolerance improved significantly from baseline by 37 +/- 10% (mean 163 sec) in patients on amrinone and 35 +/- 11% (mean 149 sec) in patients on placebo, but there was no significant difference between treatments. Adverse reactions were significantly more frequent and more severe on amrinone, occurring in 83% of patients and necessitating withdrawal in 34%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Doctor's White Coat
Authors: DAN W. BLUMHAGEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

The social perception of the physician has changed during the past century. This is reflected in the changing use of a symbol of the profession, the white coat. This dress originated in operating rooms, scientific laboratories, and modern hospitals, each of which contributed to the social understanding of what it means to be a healer. Adding the cultural significance of "whiteness" reveals a broad spectrum of meaning surrounding the healing encounter, whose most important aspects are the authority and supernatural powers of scientific physicians and the protection of patients. A major force aiding in the adoption of this symbol was the shift in sick care from home to hospital, where it served to legitimate otherwise socially taboo behavior. Recent changes in how scientific medicine is publicly viewed have eroded these established meanings. The resulting tensions affect individual patient-physician encounters and interactions between the profession and society as a whole.
Pernicious Anemia In Indians
Authors: Maurice L. Sievers
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In regard to the recently published letter on "Pernicious Anemia in a Full Blooded Indian" (<b>212</b>:1378, 1970) Dr. Richard V. Lee erroneously concluded that pernicious anemia among American Indians is infrequent. The basis for his opinion was that only one recent case report was discovered. In 1960, Hampton reported six full-blooded Indians with pernicious anemia and referred to five other cases in Indians in Oklahoma.<sup>1</sup>Because pernicious anemia is not an unusual event, since that date most physicians with extensive experience among Indians have not considered that separate case reports were warranted. During my 12 years as Chief of Medicine at the Public Health Service, Phoenix Indian Medical Center, I have observed at least 17 full-blooded American Indians from various tribes (mostly southwestern ones) with unequivocal pernicious anemia. I have one such patient on my ward at this time. A similar frequency of pernicious anemia
BioMOL: a computer-assisted biological modeling tool for complex chemical mixtures and biological processes at the molecular level.
Authors: Michael T Klein, Gang Hou, Richard J Quann, Wei Wei, Kai H Liao, Raymond S H Yang, Julie A Campain, Monica A Mazurek, Linda J Broadbelt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

A chemical engineering approach for the rigorous construction, solution, and optimization of detailed kinetic models for biological processes is described. This modeling capability addresses the required technical components of detailed kinetic modeling, namely, the modeling of reactant structure and composition, the building of the reaction network, the organization of model parameters, the solution of the kinetic model, and the optimization of the model. Even though this modeling approach has enjoyed successful application in the petroleum industry, its application to biomedical research has just begun. We propose to expand the horizons on classic pharmacokinetics and physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK), where human or animal bodies were often described by a few compartments, by integrating PBPK with reaction network modeling described in this article. If one draws a parallel between an oil refinery, where the application of this modeling approach has been very successful, and a human body, the individual processing units in the oil refinery may be considered equivalent to the vital organs of the human body. Even though the cell or organ may be much more complicated, the complex biochemical reaction networks in each organ may be similarly modeled and linked in much the same way as the modeling of the entire oil refinery through linkage of the individual processing units. The integrated chemical engineering software package described in this article, BioMOL, denotes the biological application of molecular-oriented lumping. BioMOL can build a detailed model in 1-1,000 CPU sec using standard desktop hardware. The models solve and optimize using standard and widely available hardware and software and can be presented in the context of a user-friendly interface. We believe this is an engineering tool with great promise in its application to complex biological reaction networks.
Response to Stampfer Commentary
Authors: David F Williamson
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Covering 60 years of research without mentioning a paper that highlights fl aws in the literature, in a review, should negate any conclusion.In the Cochrane review by Douglas et al. [1], which is referenced in the Best Practice article by Douglas and Hemilä [2], there was no mention of the revealing paper published last year by Padayatty et al. [3], which shows that three-times greater blood concentration can be achieved with an oral dose of vitamin C than previously thought possible.Since viruses increase the demand for ascorbic acid, the oral doses used in the reviewed studies appear trivial, and would not be expected to produce any positive effect.Compare human oral dose studies to what animals synthesize throughout the day.It is obvious that a single dose of a watersoluble vitamin, regardless of the number of milligrams consumed, will not elevate blood plasma levels enough to produce a preventive or therapeutic effect.
In small town America
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2008)

There are two doctors in Winesburg, Ohio , Sherwood Anderson’s book about a fictional small town in middle America. It is an episodic novel of loosely connected stories in which Anderson depicts the lives of ordinary people for whom the American dream has not come true, partly because of circumstances and partly because of human nature—we are not made for permanent, or even for very prolonged, happiness.

The two doctors, it must be admitted, are not the finest flower of our great profession. Neither has many patients or seems to go in much for diagnosis, let alone treatment. Indeed, Dr Parcival’s qualification as a doctor seems to be in …
MEDICINE FROM EXPERIENCE
Authors: S. C. Truelove
Journal: BMJ (1961)

<h3>Research questions</h3> The paper explores which type of quality aspects (structure, process, outcome) most strongly determines patients9 overall assessment of healthcare, and whether there is a variation between different types of patient groups in this respect. <h3>Methods</h3> Secondary analyses were undertaken on survey data from patients who underwent hip or knee surgery, cataract surgery, patients suffering from varicose veins, spinal disc herniation or rheumatoid arthritis. In these analyses, the patient-given global rating served as the dependent variable, and experiences regarding structure (waiting times, continuity of care), process (doctor–patient communication and information) and outcome aspects (improvement or worsening of symptoms) served as independent variables. <h3>Results</h3> Experiences regarding process aspects explained most of the variance in the global rating (16.4–23.3%), followed by structure aspects (8.1–21.0%). Experiences regarding outcome did not explain much variance in the global rating in any of the patient groups (5.3–13.5%). The patient groups did not differ with respect to the type of quality aspects that most predicted the overall assessment. <h3>Discussion</h3> Improving process and structure aspects of healthcare is most likely to increase patients9 overall evaluation of the quality of care as expressed in a global rating. A more sophisticated method of patient reported outcome measurement, with pre- and post-treatment questionnaires and the inclusion of quality-of-life criteria, might lead to higher associations between outcome and the overall evaluation of the received care.
Electrocardiogram in Asthmatic Children
Authors: TERUMASA MIYAMOTO, IRVING KASS, MURRAY S. HOFFMAN
Journal: Circulation (1960)

Electrocardiograms of 137 asthmatic children, 5 to 16 years in age, were compared with findings in normal children. The following deviations from normal were found: lower voltage and longer duration of P waves in all leads; lower voltage of R waves in all precordial leads and almost all limb and unipolar leads; deeper S waves over left precordial leads; slight delay of intrinsicoid deflection in right precordial leads, but no difference in left precordial leads; somewhat increased duration of QRS complexes; increased heart rate in the older age groups, but no differences in P-R and Q-T intervals; predominantly vertical electrocardiographic position of the heart. These observations provide further electro-cardiographic evidence that asthmatic children, compared with normal children of the same age range, show a tendency toward right ventricular hypertrophy and hyperinflated lungs.
Evaluation of the Lung Cancer Risks at Which to Screen Ever- and Never-Smokers: Screening Rules Applied to the PLCO and NLST Cohorts
Authors: Martin C. Tammemägi, Timothy R. Church, William G. Hocking, Gerard A. Silvestri, Paul A. Kvale, Thomas L. Riley, John Commins, Christine D. Berg
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

Martin Tammemägi and colleagues evaluate which risk groups of individuals, including nonsmokers and high-risk individuals from 65 to 80 years of age, should be screened for lung cancer using computed tomography. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
New Insights and New Therapies in Vitiligo
Authors: Pearl E. Grimes
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hepatitis C virus kinetics during and immediately after liver transplantation
Authors: Montserrat Garcia-Retortillo, Xavier Forns, Anna Feliu, Eduardo Moitinho, Josep Costa, Miquel Navasa, Antoni Rimola, Juan Rodes
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

The study of hepatitis C virus (HCV) kinetics after liver transplantation (LT) might be important to design strategies to prevent HCV infection of the graft. We analyzed HCV kinetics during and immediately after LT in 20 consecutive patients undergoing LT for HCV-related cirrhosis. HCV RNA was quantified in blood samples obtained at regular intervals before, during, and after transplantation. HCV-RNA concentrations decreased in 18 of 20 patients during the anhepatic phase (mean decay slope −0.92, mean HCV elimination half-life 2.2 hours). We found a significant correlation between the HCV viral load decay and the blood loss during the anhepatic phase, indicating that the observed HCV clearance rates are maximum estimates. In fact, in 1 patient with an unusually long anhepatic phase of 20 hours and with minimum blood loss, the HCV elimination half-life was 10.3 hours. Eight to 24 hours after graft reperfusion a sharp decrease in HCV viral load occurred in 19 patients (mean decay slope −0.34, mean HCV elimination half-life 3.44 hours). HCV RNA became undetectable in only 1 patient. During the following days, HCV-RNA concentrations increased rapidly in 10 patients (mean HCV doubling time 13.8 hours), remained at similar levels in 4, and continued to decrease in 6. The only variable associated with a second-phase viral load decay was the absence of corticosteroids as part of the immunosuppressive regimen. In conclusion, a sharp decrease in HCV viral load occurs during the anhepatic phase and immediately after graft reperfusion, most likely owing to a lack of virion production and hepatic viral clearance. HCV infection of the graft, however, is an extremely dynamic process and viral replication begins a few hours after LT. (Hepatology 2002;35:680-687.)
Cutaneous and pulmonary reactivity in cholinergic urticaria
Authors: B.M. CZARNETZKI, C. GALINSKI, R. MEISTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Cutaneous and pulmonary reactions to mediators of inflammation were studied in twenty-one patients with cholinergic urticaria, in twenty patients with other types of urticaria, and in seventeen healthy controls. Compared with controls and patients with moderate disease, patients severely affected by cholinergic urticaria or other types of urticaria developed larger weals at sites of injection with histamine (9 × 10−7 M), but not with compound 48/80 (0·1%), acetylcholine (7 × 10−5 M), kallikrein (4 × 10−10 M) or ATP (10−6 M). On bronchial challenge with acetylcholine (7 × 10−5 M), pulmonary resistance increased markedly only in severely affected cholinergic urticaria patients. There was no correlation between cutaneous and pulmonary reactivity in individual subjects. Patients with cholinergic urticaria therefore demonstrate features of heightened skin reactivity (shared by patients with other urticarias) and an increased bronchial reactivity (as found in latent asthmatics).
Recent Progress in Defining the Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Neoplasia
Authors: Mark H. Schiffman
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Recent Progress in Defining the Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Neoplasia Get access Mark H. Schiffman Mark H. Schiffman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 6, 18 March 1992, Pages 394–398, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.6.394 Published: 18 March 1992 Article history Received: 27 November 1991 Revision received: 16 January 1992 Accepted: 21 January 1992 Published: 18 March 1992
Investigations and Observations on Inoculat on Technique
Authors: J. W. Bigger, J. W. S. Blacklock, H. J. Parish
Journal: BMJ (1940)

Recently a short account was given (British Medical Journtal, 1939, 1, 480) of an action for damages raised in the High Court in Dublin.It was a matter of agree- ment that, children became infected with tuberculosis after an inoCulation against diphtheria, and the plaintiffs, representing some of the children, claimed that this infec- tion was the result of injecting a suspension of living tubercle bacilli issued in error by the manufacturers instead of toxoid-antitoxin floccules (T.A.F.).Late in the course of the action counsel for the plaintiffs tried to raise another alternative, which was disallowed by the judge as having been earlier abandoned and not made the subject of evidence.This possibility-namely, the accidental contamination of the T.A.F. with living tlbercle bacilli during the course of manufacture-had, however, been fully considered in advance on behalf of the defendants and made the particular subject of experi- ments carried out for them-experiments which proved that no such contamination could possibly have occurred.
A novel form of hereditary myeloperoxidase deficiency linked to endoplasmic reticulum/proteasome degradation.
Authors: F R DeLeo, M Goedken, S J McCormick, W M Nauseef
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) deficiency is a common inherited disorder linked to increased susceptibility to infection and malignancy. We identified a novel missense mutation in the MPO gene at codon 173 whereby tyrosine is replaced with cysteine (Y173C) that is associated with MPO deficiency and assessed its impact on MPO processing and targeting in transfectants expressing normal or mutant proteins. Although the precursor synthesized by cells expressing the Y173C mutation (MPOY173C) was glycosylated, associated with the molecular chaperones calreticulin and calnexin, and acquired heme, it was neither proteolytically processed to mature MPO subunits nor secreted. After prolonged association with calreticulin and calnexin in the endoplasmic reticulum, MPOY173C was degraded. Furthermore, the 20S proteasome inhibitor N-acetyl-L-leucinyl-L-leucinyl-L-norleucinyl inhibited its degradation, suggesting that the proteasome mediates proteolysis of MPOY173C and, thus, participates in quality control in this novel form of hereditary MPO deficiency.
Stockpiling of raw material for oseltamivir is not justified
Authors: Alberto A E Bertelli
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Editor—Mudur reports that Roche has granted a sublicence for the production of the antiviral drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu) to an Indian company and points out that the supply of raw material, shikimic acid (extracted from the Chinese spice star anise Illicium verum …
Antigenicity of Semisynthetic Penicillin Preparations to Evoke Systemic Anaphylactic Reactions in Animal Models
Authors: K. Koizumi, S. Suzuki, S. Fukuba, K. Tadokoro, K. Hirai, M. Muranaka
Journal: Allergy (1980)

Four commercially available penicillin preparations (benzylpenicillin, aminobenzylpenicillin, carbenicillin and sulbenicillin) and two kinds of the new semisynthetic penicillin preparations (mezlocillin and piperacillin) evoked systemic anaphylactic reactions in guinea pigs immunized with one of the following penicillin‐Ascaris extract (As) conjugates in aluminum hydroxide gel (alum), i.e., benzylpenicilloyl (BPO)‐As, aminobenzylpenicilloyl (ABPO)‐As, carbenicilloyl (CBPO)‐As, sulbenicilloyl (SBPO)‐As, mezlocillin‐As conjugate (MEZ‐As) and piperacillin‐As conjugate (PIP‐As). The tracheal chains prepared from the tracheas of the guinea pigs immunized with BPO‐As, MEZ‐As, or PIP‐As revealed anaphylactic contractions in vitro on addition of benzylpenicillin, mezlocillin, or piperacillin preparations. These results indicated that the semisynthetic penicillin preparations as well as benzylpenicillin preparation have enough antigenicity to evoke systemic anaphylactic reactions in guinea pigs immunized with penicillin‐As conjugate. Such guinea pigs seem to be suitable animals for investigation of penicillin allergy.
Reducing Opioid Abuse and Diversion
Authors: Perry G. Fine, Scott M. Fishman
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Psychotic Experiences and Psychotic Disorders at Age 18 in Relation to Psychotic Experiences at Age 12 in a Longitudinal Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Stanley Zammit, Daphne Kounali, Mary Cannon, Anthony S. David, David Gunnell, Jon Heron, Peter B. Jones, Shôn Lewis, Sarah Sullivan, Dieter Wolke, Glyn Lewis
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2013)

OBJECTIVE The authors examined the development of psychotic experiences and psychotic disorders in a large population-based sample of young adults and explored their relationship to psychotic phenomena earlier in childhood. METHOD The authors conducted a longitudinal birth cohort study of individuals assessed with the semistructured Psychosis-Like Symptom Interviews at ages 12 and 18 years. RESULTS Of the 4,724 individuals interviewed at age 18, 433 (9.2%) had either suspected (N=203 [4.3%]) or definite (N=230 [4.9%]) psychotic experiences. Of these, 79 (1.7%) met criteria for a psychotic disorder, and of those, only 50% sought professional help. All psychotic outcomes were more likely in young women and in those from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds. Of the participants who had psychotic experiences at age 12, 78.7% had remitted by age 18. The risk of psychotic disorders at age 18 was greater in those with suspected (odds ratio=5.6, 95% CI=2.6-12.1) and especially in those with definite (odds ratio=12.7, 95% CI=6.2-26.1) psychotic experiences at age 12, and also among those with psychotic experiences at age 12 attributed to sleep or fever or with nonpsychotic experiences such as depersonalization. The positive predictive values for increasing frequency of experiences at age 12 predicting psychotic disorders at age 18 ranged from 5.5% to 22.8%. CONCLUSIONS Despite evidence for a continuum of psychotic experiences from as early as age 12, positive predictive values for predicting psychotic disorders were too low to offer real potential for targeted interventions. Psychotic disorders in young adults are relatively uncommon, but they constitute an important unmet need for care given that half of the individuals in this study who met criteria for a psychiatric disorder had not sought help for these problems despite high levels of associated distress and impairment.