tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
LABORATORY PITFALLS IN DIAGNOSIS OF THYROTOXICOSIS
Authors: Samuel J. Glass
Journal: JAMA (1952)

ABSTRACT To the Editor:— The diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis has been facilitated by the determination of the protein bound iodine in the blood and by the uptake of I131 by the thyroid; however, there are many patients with borderline laboratory results suggestive of thyrotoxicosis but who are clinically not thyrotoxic. This anomaly has been observed in other clinics besides our own. The difficult diagnostic and therapeutic problems presented by these patients directed our attention to a number of factors that must be weighed carefully before final evaluation of the total clinical picture is made. It is felt that unless diagnosis of these borderline cases remains on a clinical level the uncritical physician may attach undue value to an abnormally high basal metabolic rate, high uptake of I131 by the thyroid, or increased protein bound iodine.False values in protein bound iodine and in the uptake of I131 are commonly
Letter by McAuley et al Regarding Article, “Impact of Body Mass Index and the Metabolic Syndrome on the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Death in Middle-Aged Men”
Authors: Paul A. McAuley, Xuemei Sui, Steven N. Blair
Journal: Circulation (2010)

We read with interest in the article by Arnlov et al 1 that middle-aged men defined as overweight and obese by Body Mass Index (BMI), but without metabolic abnormalities, were at increased risk for death.Epidemiological studies are limited by the adjustments they make for potential confounders.The study in question included only 3 confounders: age, smoking, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.Yet many other factors confound the BMI-mortality relationship, including but not limited to diet, weight (cycling) history, weight loss medication use, psychosocial stress, socioeconomic status, physical activity, and fitness level.Unless these factors are taken into account, it is uncertain whether being overweight and obese independently increases mortality risk.By far the most studied and influential confounder of the association of BMI with mortality is cardiorespiratory fitness, measured objectively by a treadmill exercise test.Low fitness is a wellestablished independent mortality predictor. 2Failure to account for the influences of fitness may confound the relationship between BMI and mortality.4][5] In other words, fat but fit adults are no more likely to die than normal-weight individuals of a similar age and fitness level, and fat but fit adults are far less likely to die than unfit normal-weight people.Important research questions about physical activity, fitness, fatness, and mortality remain unanswered.What are the separate and combined influences of physical activity and fitness on mortality risk?Why is obesity protective in some instances (obesity paradox)?Are the benefits of fitness independent of weight loss?How do these variables interact with age, sex, ethnicity, and health status?If the effects of BMI on health outcomes are to have any meaning, investigators must include simultaneous objective measures of fitness or physical activity.Nevertheless, we commend this otherwise well-conducted study for focusing more attention on this important research area.
Nicotine for Colitis -- The Smoke Has Not Yet Cleared
Authors: Stephen B. Hanauer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

As the search for the cause of inflammatory bowel disease continues,1 the association between cigarette smoking and a more favorable clinical course in ulcerative colitis remains the sole epidemiologic feature that distinguishes it from Crohn's disease2. Smokers are less likely to have ulcerative colitis, smoking may ameliorate its clinical manifestations, and the onset of colitis is often associated with the cessation of smoking. In contrast, there is an association between cigarette smoking and a less favorable clinical course in Crohn's disease. The enigma eludes a unifying hypothesis. The potential effects of smoking on the gastrointestinal tract include alterations in . . .
Outbreak of idiopathic erysipelas in a psychiatric hospital.
Authors: E G Dowsett, R N Herson, W R Maxted, J P Widdowson
Journal: BMJ (1975)

In an outbreak of idiopathic erysipelas ten women patients, aged 42-74, in a long-stay unit of a psychiatric hospital were simultaneously affected. Group A streptococci M-type 1 were isolated from two isolated from two patients with erysipelas and 18 carriers, but subsequent serological tests for type-specific antibody, antistreptolysin O, and anti-deoxyribonuclease B showed that the infection had been widespread in the unit. Treatment with ampicillin proved ineffective and to prevent relapse it was substituted by a standard course of intramuscular penicillin. This seems to be the first epidemic of this type to be reported and certainly the first outbreak of idiopathic erysipelas to be investigated by modern serological techniques.
Squamous cell carcinoma arising in a psoriatic nail bed: case report with discussion of diagnostic difficulties and therapeutic options
Authors: C.M. Dobson, R.M. Azurdia, C.M. King
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Summary We describe a squamous cell carcinoma arising from a psoriatic nail bed. The tumour had a verrucous surface and was very well differentiated, raising the possibility of early verrucous carcinoma. Occurrence of any type of squamous carcinoma in this site and background is extremely rare. Particular diagnostic and therapeutic questions arise in this unusual setting. We discuss the aetiology and diagnostic differentiation from other nail bed squamoproliferative lesions, particularly so‐called subungual keratoacanthoma. We also discuss therapeutic options, including Moh's surgery and retinoids.
Does Television Cause Childhood Obesity?
Authors: Thomas N. Robinson
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Essential role of TNF receptor superfamily 25 (TNFRSF25) in the development of allergic lung inflammation
Authors: Lei Fang, Becky Adkins, Vadim Deyev, Eckhard R. Podack
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

We identify the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 25 (TNFRSF25)/TNFSF15 pair as critical trigger for allergic lung inflammation, which is a cardinal feature of asthma. TNFRSF25 (TNFR25) signals are required to exert T helper cell 2 (Th2) effector function in Th2-polarized CD4 cells and co-stimulate interleukin (IL)-13 production by glycosphingolipid-activated NKT cells. In vivo, antibody blockade of TNFSF15 (TL1A), which is the ligand for TNFR25, inhibits lung inflammation and production of Th2 cytokines such as IL-13, even when administered days after airway antigen exposure. Similarly, blockade of TNFR25 by a dominant-negative (DN) transgene, DN TNFR25, confers resistance to lung inflammation in mice. Allergic lung inflammation–resistant, NKT-deficient mice become susceptible upon adoptive transfer of wild-type NKT cells, but not after transfer of DN TNFR25 transgenic NKT cells. The TNFR25/TL1A pair appears to provide an early signal for Th2 cytokine production in the lung, and therefore may be a drug target in attempts to attenuate lung inflammation in asthmatics.
Presentation of the Fetus through the Rectum
Authors: Francis C. Jackson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

THE diagnostic term "rupture of the uterus" is used to denote perforation from any cause after fetal viability has been established.1 Although this obstetric accident may occur in 1 of 3000 deliveries2 and account for 5 per cent of the maternal deaths1 in the United States, the incidence is as high as 1 in 100 in certain areas of Africa3 , 4 and China5 and the Middle East. In addition, these ruptures may be associated with a commensurate and substantial mortality.Among the patients at term admitted to the "Hareem" pavilion of the Dhahran Health Center, a 200-bed general hospital maintained by . . .
Abstract C62: Targeting cancer cell migration and invasion by immunomodulation of actin binding proteins using single domain antibodies (nanobodies)
Authors: Ariane De Ganck, Veerle Delanote, Anske Van den Abbeele, Sarah De Clercq, Joël Vandekerckhove, Jan Gettemans
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Enhanced motility of cancer cells by remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton through the concerted actions of different classes of actin binding proteins is crucial in the process of cancer cell invasion and metastasis. It is therefore not surprising that expression of quite a few actin associated proteins like gelsolin, myopodin and plastin, fluctuates during tumorigenesis. Furthermore, many studies using overexpression or RNA interference showed a direct involvement of these structural proteins in malignant cell behavior. Specific inhibitors of most cytoskeletal proteins are lacking. In an attempt to fill this gap, we developed Camelid single domain antibodies (nanobodies or VHHs) against several actin binding proteins including myopodin, gelsolin, and L-plastin. Recombinant nanobodies were used for the biophysical and biochemical characterization of their properties. Furthermore, we used intracellular expression of these nanobodies as intrabodies to develop functional protein domain ‘knock-outs’ to answer the question how ablation of a biochemical property of a protein translates into changes in cell morphology and cell behavior. Results on gelsolin and L-plastin nanobodies show that they can bind their target antigen with nanomolar affinity in vitro. Cellular assays (for instance a mitochondrial outer membrane recruitment assay) were further used to confirm the interaction between the VHH intrabody and the endogenous antigen in vivo. Epitope mapping revealed for each nanobody to which domain of the protein they bind, demonstrating their selective interaction with different (conformational) epitopes. In this way we isolated a gelsolin nanobody that only recognizes the activated, calcium-bound conformation of gelsolin. In contrast, other gelsolin nanobodies bind to gelsolin both in the presence and absence of calcium. Functional actin binding assays led to the identification of a gelsolin nanobody that blocks actin monomer binding. Furthermore, this nanobody is also able to reduce the motility of MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells. A nanobody that specifically interacts with the tandem actin binding domains in L-plastin inhibits actin bundling in vitro. This ‘knock-out’ nanobody inhibits filopodia formation, motility and invasion when expressed in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Remarkably, L-plastin RNA interference (RNAi) showed no significant effect on filopodial integrity. In conclusion, single domain VHHs represent a potent tool to ablate protein function and to explore the cellular role of distinct biochemical activities of polypeptides without manipulating gene expression. Furthermore, they can evolve into new therapeutics for cancer treatment targeting currently ‘undruggable’ proteins. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):C62.
Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness and Diabetic Retinopathy in Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: Sarah Polack, David Yorston, Antonio López-Ramos, Sergio Lepe-Orta, Rogerio Martins Baia, Luciano Alves, Carlos Grau-Alvidrez, Pedro Gomez-Bastar, Hannah Kuper
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)
Observations on the Use of Intrauterine Injections and of the Curette
Authors: L. Atthill
Journal: BMJ (1870)

first case in this house, the date of invasion was on the samle day as in house No. i, viz., June ioth; it was in a child three years old.The case was attended with a bad form of sore throat, but recovered.Sub- sequently three more of the children, at the ages of 8 years, 2 years, and i I months, died on the 8th and gth July, from that serious diph- theritic complication and diffusive glandular engorgement which often sets in about the tenth day, and forms one of the most fatal sequelhe of the disease.This house was supplied daily with C.'s milk, which was consumed by the children, none of whom were known to have had communication with the milk-carrier.House No. III.-Exactly on the same day, June ioth, a case was visited in a different part of the town.It was in B Square, an airy open space on a slope on the opposite side of the valley.It was in a good class dwelling house, inhabited by a married gentleman without family, but with one young female servant.In this young person, the rash appeared on the gth of June; she was taken to her own home on the soth, passed through a mild attack, and recovered.This house was supplied with C.'s milk, which was taken in at the door by the servant girl, who fell ill; she was the only inmate who consumed milk.House No. IV.-A large, new, detached mansion in the same suburban square had milk delivered daily from C. 's dairy.The lady and her family of five children removed to a sea-side residence forty miles off, about the 20th of June.A few days thereafter, her eldest daughter, aged 17, commenced with scarlatina.At that watering village, at that time, or for some time before, no case of scarlatina had
Electrophysiologic effects on combined autonomic blockade in patients with sinus node disease.
Authors: J M Desai, M M Scheinman, H C Strauss, B Massie, J O'Young
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Thirty-two patients were studied before and after i.v. administration of 0.15-0.20 mg/kg of propranolol. Twenty-one of the 32 underwent combined autonomic blockade with the additional infusion of 0.04 mg of atropine. Twenty other patients with sinus node disease underwent electrophysiologic studies both before and after i.v. administration of 0.04 mg of atropine alone. Spontaneous cycle length, maximal corrected sinus node recovery time, sinoatrial conduction time, secondary pauses and intrinsic heart rate were measured. Secondary pauses were more common in those with abnormal intrinsic heart rates, and they did not correlate with changes in maximal corrected sinus node recovery time or sinoatrial conduction time. In patients with normal intrinsic heart rate, abnormal test measurements usually returned to normal after combined blockade (hypervagotonia); however, some patients showed a new abnormality after propranolol that was not reversible with atropine (catecholamine-dependent). Abnormal test responses in patients with abnormal intrinsic heart rate persisted or increased after combined blockade. We conclude that patients with sinus node disease may be categorized as (1) those with intrinsic sinus node disease; (2) those with normal intrinsic sinus node function but either relative hypervagotonia or catecholamine dependency; and (3) those with abnormal intrinsic sinus node function affected by vagal or catecholamine factors.
Effect of Citicoline on Functional and Cognitive Status Among Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Ross D. Zafonte, Emilia Bagiella, Beth M. Ansel, Thomas A. Novack, William T. Friedewald, Dale C. Hesdorffer, Shelly D. Timmons, Jack Jallo, Howard Eisenberg, Tessa Hart, Joseph H. Ricker, Ramon Diaz-Arrastia, Randall E. Merchant, Nancy R. Temkin, Sherry Melton, Sureyya S. Dikmen
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious public health problem in the United States, yet no treatment is currently available to improve outcome after TBI. Approved for use in TBI in 59 countries, citicoline is an endogenous substance offering potential neuroprotective properties as well as facilitated neurorepair post injury.To determine the ability of citicoline to positively affect functional and cognitive status in persons with complicated mild, moderate, and severe TBI.The Citicoline Brain Injury Treatment Trial (COBRIT), a phase 3, double-blind randomized clinical trial conducted between July 20, 2007, and February 4, 2011, among 1213 patients at 8 US level 1 trauma centers to investigate effects of citicoline vs placebo in patients with TBI classified as complicated mild, moderate, or severe.Ninety-day regimen of daily enteral or oral citicoline (2000 mg) or placebo.Functional and cognitive status, assessed at 90 days using the TBI-Clinical Trials Network Core Battery. A global statistical test was used to analyze the 9 scales of the core battery. Secondary outcomes were functional and cognitive improvement, assessed at 30, 90, and 180 days, and examination of the long-term maintenance of treatment effects.Rates of favorable improvement for the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended were 35.4% in the citicoline group and 35.6% in the placebo group. For all other scales the rate of improvement ranged from 37.3% to 86.5% in the citicoline group and from 42.7% to 84.0% in the placebo group. The citicoline and placebo groups did not differ significantly at the 90-day evaluation (global odds ratio [OR], 0.98 [95% CI, 0.83-1.15]); in addition, there was no significant treatment effect in the 2 severity subgroups (global OR, 1.14 [95% CI, 0.88-1.49] and 0.89 [95% CI, 0.72-1.49] for moderate/severe and complicated mild TBI, respectively). At the 180-day evaluation, the citicoline and placebo groups did not differ significantly with respect to the primary outcome (global OR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.72-1.04]).Among patients with traumatic brain injury, the use of citicoline compared with placebo for 90 days did not result in improvement in functional and cognitive status.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00545662.
Malabsorption in rheumatoid disease.
Authors: N H Dyer, M J Kendall, C F Hawkins
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1971)

Rheumatoid disease is a systemic disorder involving many organs.Though abdominal symptoms are common, possibly due in many cases to drugs, little is known of the structure and function of the bowel in this disease.Gastrointestinal disturbances occur in other collagen disorders (O'Neill, 1961) and may cause impaired absorption (Toivonen, Pitkanen, and Siurala, 1964; Scudamore, Green, Hoffman, Rosevear, and Tauxe, 1968).Small intestinal ab- normalities in rheumatoid patients could play a part in causing the nutritional disturbances and weight loss which are common when the disease is active.Moreover an association between joint and bowel disease is well established, since arthropathy is an occasional complication of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (Ansell and Wigley, 1964; Bowen and Kirsner, 1965) and in Whipple's disease there is a specific malabsorption syndrome.We have, therefore, studied a series of patients with rheuma- toid disease to assess the degree of nutritional disturbance and the evidence for malabsorption.Material and methods PATIENTS 28 patients were studied during a stay in hospital.They were assessed clinically, radiologically, and serologically, and according to the revised ARA criteria (Ropes, Bennett, Cobb, Jacox, and Jessar, 1959), sixteen had classical, ten definite, and two probable rheumatoid arthritis.The results of xylose tests performed on seven patients before this study have also been included. ABSORPTION STUDIESThe xylose test was performed by giving 5 g.d-xylose in 300 ml.water and collecting the urine for an initial 2-hour and further 3-hour period.Results for the 2 hours and the total 5 hours are compared with similar results obtained after a 5 g.intravenous dose (Kendall, 1970).An excretion of less than 1 *3 g. in 5 hours is accepted as abnormal.The 2-hour result, which is a better guide to intestinal absorption, should be over 0-7 g. (Sammons, Morgan, Frazer, Montgomery, Philip, and Phillips, 1967).
OC-028 High definition white light endoscopy (HDWLE) versus high definition with chromoendoscopy (HDCE) in the detection of dysplasia in long standing ulcerative colitis: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: N Mohammed, P Kant, F Abid, O Rotimi, P Prasad, J Hamlin, S Everett, B Rembacken, M Hull, V Subramanian
Journal: Gut (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) have an increased risk for colorectal cancer. The yield of surveillance can be improved by addition of newer endoscopic methods like chromoendoscopy (CE)<sup>1</sup>and HDWLE when compared to standard definition endoscopy.<sup>2</sup>There are no studies comparing HDCE and HDWLE. The aim of this trial is to compare the rate of detection of dysplasia in patients with long standing UC with HDWLE compared to HDCE. <h3>Method</h3> Parallel group randomised controlled trial (clinicaltrials.gov number NCT02138318) in which patients with long standing UC (&gt;10 years) requiring surveillance colonoscopy were randomised to either HDWLE or HDCE (with 0.2% indigo carmine spray). HD scopes (Olympus CF260L or 290L) and processors (Olympus Spectrum CV260 or Elite CV290) and HD monitors were used for all procedures. Time to reach caecum and withdrawal time was recorded. Presence of dysplasia was confirmed by two expert GI histopathologists. Data was analysed according to the number of patients who had dysplastic endoscopic lesions detected (per patient analysis) and also to the number of dysplastic lesions (per lesion analysis). <h3>Results</h3> In total 53 patients were randomised to HDWLE and 50 to the HDCE arm. Baseline characteristics including duration of disease, bowel preparation, endoscopists, concomitant PSC and previous dysplasia were similar in both arms. A total of 14 dysplastic lesions (1 with high grade and 13 with low grade dysplasia) were detected in 11 patients (22%) in the HDCE arm and 6 dysplastic lesions (all low grade dysplasia) in 5 patients (9.4%) in the HDWLE arm. HDCE was significantly better (p = 0.04) than HDWLE on a per patient basis for the detection of endoscopically visible dysplastic lesions. HDCE (0.26 ± 0.6) detected more dysplastic lesions per-patient than HDWLE (0.12 ± 0.4). Withdrawal time was significantly (p &lt; 0.001) higher in HDCE (21.2 ± 5.8 min) compared to HDWLE (13.6 ± 3.3 min). <h3>Conclusion</h3> HDCE significantly improves the detection of dysplastic lesions in patients undergoing surveillance endoscopy for UC and should be the procedure of choice in these patients. On average it increases procedure time by 8 min over HDWLE. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared. <h3>References</h3> Subramanian V, Mannath J, Ragunath K, Hawkey CJ. Meta-analysis: the diagnostic yield of chromoendoscopy for detecting dysplasia in patients with colonic inflammatory bowel disease. <i>Aliment Pharmacol Ther.</i>2011;33:304–312 Subramanian V, Ramappa V, Telakis E, <i>et.al</i>. High definition versus standard definition endoscopy for detection of dysplasia in colonic inflammatory bowel disease. <i>Inflamm Bowel Dis</i>. 2013;19:350–5