tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Proceedings of the 4th Georg Rajka International Symposium on Atopic Dermatitis, Arcachon, France, September 15-17, 2005
Authors: A. Taïeb (Bordeaux, France), A. Giannetti (Modena, Italy), K. Thestrup-Pedersen (Aarhus, Denmark), J. Ring (Munich, Germany), Alain Taïeb, Jon Hanifin, Kevin Cooper, Jan D. Bos, Genji Imokawa, Tim J. David, Johannes Ring, Carlo Gelmetti, Alexander Kapp, Masutaka Furue, Yves de Prost, Ulf Darsow, Thomas Werfel, David Atherton, Arnold P. Oranje
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
In-vivo effects of solar-simulated ultraviolet irradiation on antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in human epidermis
Authors: K. PUNNONEN, P. AUTIO, U. KIISTALA, M. AHOTUPA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

The effects of solar‐simulated UV‐irradiation on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the amount of diene conjugation were studied in human epidermis in vivo. A single dose of UV‐irradiation was found to result in a transient reduction in superoxide dismutase activity and this was followed by increased amounts of conjugated diene double bonds, an index for oxidative stress. This suggests that in‐vivo exposure of human epidermis to solar‐simulated UV‐irradiation causes changes in the enzymic antioxidant defence system which, in turn, are accompanied by increased level of oxidative stress.
The invention of post-traumatic stress disorder and the social usefulness of a psychiatric category
Authors: D. Summerfield
Journal: BMJ (2001)

A central assumption behind psychiatric diagnoses is that a disease has an objective existence in the world, whether discovered or not, and exists independently of the gaze of psychiatrists or anyone else. In other words, neolithic people had post-traumatic stress disorder as have people in all epochs since. However, the story of post-traumatic stress disorder is a telling example of the role of society and politics in the process of invention rather than discovery.

The diagnosis is a legacy of the American war in Vietnam and is a product of the post-war fortunes of the conscripted men who served there. They came home to find that they were being blamed for the war. Epithets like “babykiller” and “psychopath” were thrown at them by some who had watched on television the US military's atrocities against defenceless peasants. This reception was a primary factor in the well publicised difficulties—such as antisocial behaviour—that some military personnel had in readjusting to their peacetime roles. Those who were seen by psychiatrists were diagnosed as having an anxiety state, depression, substance misuse, personality disorder, or schizophrenia; these diagnoses were later supplanted by post-traumatic stress disorder.

Early proponents of the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder were part of the antiwar movement in the United States; they were angry that military psychiatry was being used to serve the interests of the military rather than those of the soldier-patients. The proponents lobbied hard for veterans to receive specialised medical care under the new diagnosis, which became the successor to the older diagnoses of battle fatigue and war neurosis. The new diagnosis was meant to shift the focus of attention from the details of a soldier's background and psyche to the fundamentally traumatogenic nature of war. This was a powerful and essentially political transformation: Vietnam veterans were to be seen …
Kinetics of serum amyloid protein A in casein-induced murine amyloidosis.
Authors: M D Benson, M A Scheinberg, T Shirahama, E S Cathcart, M Skinner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Serum amyloid protein A (SAA), the precursor of secondary amyloid protein, is elevated in chronic diseases which are associated with an increased incidence of amyloid. However, SAA is also elevated in acute bacterial and viral infections and somes forms of cancer. The murine model of casein-induced amyloidosis was studied to determine the relationship between SAA production and amyloid deposition. SAA levels measured by radioimmunoassay were found to be as high as 200 times the normal level in CBA/J mice receiving daily parenteral casein. After a single injection of casein the SAA level was elevated by 3h and peaked by 12-18 h. Similar levels were found in casein-treated A/J mice, a strain less susceptible to the induction of amyloid. Parenterally administered bovine serum albumin, which has low potential for amyloid induction, gave SAA levels in CBA/J and A/J mice comparable to casein treatment. These data show that, while SAA levels are elevated during chronic antigenic stimulation, there are other factors involved in amyloid formation. These factors may include alterations in the degradation of SAA by the reticuloendothelial system caused by substances such as casein. Nude (athymic) mice were shown to attain high levels of SAA after receiving casein parenterally. Therefore, thymus-derived lymphocytes are not necessary for the synthesis of SAA.
P1-08-15: Pattern of Cardiac Monitoring and Risk of Trastuzumab Associated-Cardiac Dysfunction in a Clinical Practice: A Population Based Study.
Authors: R Lee-Ying, C Ubhi, S Roberts, H Lim, H Bhatt, K Gesy, S Ahmed
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Adjuvant trastuzumab therapy (ATT) in women with early-stage HER2+ breast cancer has been associated with significant reduction in the disease recurrence and mortality. Cardiac dysfunction (CD) is a known serious adverse effect of ATT. Although periodic cardiac monitoring is recommended during ATT, little is known about pattern of cardiac monitoring and incidence of CD in a clinical setting. The study aimed to determine extent of cardiac monitoring and rate of CD during ATT and to identify factors correlated with CD. Methods: Medical records of women with localized HER+ breast cancer diagnosed between the years 2005–2007 in the province of Saskatchewan was reviewed. Women with advanced or recurrent disease or if they were treated in the setting of an adjuvant trastuzumab trial were excluded. A logistic regression analysis was performed to determine various clinical variables correlated with CD. Results: A total 116 eligible women with median age of 54 yrs (range: 27–74) and median BMI of 27 (range: 44–17) were indentified. 40% had a cardiac risk factor &amp; 30% were premenopausal. 51% had node positive &amp; 53% had ER or PR+ breast cancer. 92% received anthracycline-based chemotherapy and 23% received sequential ATT. Of 62 patients with ER/PR+ breast cancer, 61% received adjuvant aromatase inhibitors. Baseline cardiac assessment was performed in 93% women. 98% women underwent periodic cardiac monitoring during ATT, 55% had monitoring performed at the interval of 3–4 months &amp; 82% women had monitoring performed at the interval of 3–6 months. Mean baseline cardiac ejection fraction (EF%) prior to the commencement of chemotherapy and ATT were 65% &amp; 63.9% respectively (p=NS). CD was observed in 32 (28%) women and only 4% were symptomatic. Trastuzumab was interrupted in 34%, and was discontinued in 20% women. Of 32 women with CD, 59% were referred to a cardiologist and 53% were treated with medication. CD was reversible in 84% cases. On multivariate analysis adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy was significantly correlated with cardiac dysfunction (Odd ratio 6.9 [95% CI: 1.4−33.0]). During the follow up period 18% women developed recurrent disease and 16% were died. Conclusions: Our results confirm high compliance with cardiac monitoring, though not as frequently as recommended in the clinical trial setting. Overall the rate of symptomatic decline in cardiac function was similar to the rate reported in the clinical trials, however, a relatively higher incidence of asymptomatic decline in the left ventricle EF% was noted. Among various variables examined, adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy was associated with an increased risk of CD. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-08-15.
EU postpones threatened restriction to use of MRI
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The introduction of health and safety legislation in the European Union that would have inadvertently restricted the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patient care and scientific research ( BMJ  2007;334:552 doi: 10.1136/bmj.39153.368021.DB) is to be postponed for four years.

The European Commission will formally propose within the next few days to delay implementation of the EU Physical Agents (Electromagnetic Fields) Directive 2004 from its proposed starting date of April 2008 until 2012. 

It is highly unusual for the commission to rule that legislation should not be applied after it has …
Smoking, COPD, and 3-Nitrotyrosine Levels of Plasma Proteins
Authors: Hongjun Jin, Bobbie-Jo Webb-Robertson, Elena S. Peterson, Ruimin Tan, Diana J. Bigelow, Mary Beth Scholand, John R. Hoidal, Joel G. Pounds, Richard C. Zangar
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Nitric oxide is a physiological regulator of endothelial function and hemodynamics. Oxidized products of nitric oxide can form nitrotyrosine, which is a marker of nitrative stress. Cigarette smoking decreases exhaled nitric oxide, and the underlying mechanism may be important in the cardiovascular toxicity of smoking. Even so, it is unclear if this effect results from decreased nitric oxide production or increased oxidative degradation of nitric oxide to reactive nitrating species. These two processes would be expected to have opposite effects on nitrotyrosine levels, a marker of nitrative stress.In this study, we evaluated associations of cigarette smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with nitrotyrosine modifications of specific plasma proteins to gain insight into the processes regulating nitrotyrosine formation.A custom antibody microarray platform was developed to analyze the levels of 3-nitrotyrosine modifications on 24 proteins in plasma. In a cross-sectional study, plasma samples from 458 individuals were analyzed.Average nitrotyrosine levels in plasma proteins were consistently lower in smokers and former smokers than in never smokers but increased in smokers with COPD compared with smokers who had normal lung-function tests.Smoking is associated with a broad decrease in 3-nitrotyrosine levels of plasma proteins, consistent with an inhibitory effect of cigarette smoke on endothelial nitric oxide production. In contrast, we observed higher nitrotyrosine levels in smokers with COPD than in smokers without COPD. This finding is consistent with increased nitration associated with inflammatory processes. This study provides insight into a mechanism through which smoking could induce endothelial dysfunction and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation and Alzheimer Disease—Reply
Authors: Joseph F. Quinn
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Intuitive versus analytic abilities: The case of words versus numbers
Authors: Karl Halvor Teigen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

The distinction between abstract (rule-based) and contextual (intuitive) thinking is illustrated by studies of numeric versus linguistic expressions of probability. Verbal probabilities are believed to reflect intuitions that can be adaptive and occasionally normative (e.g., counteracting conjunction errors). Stanovich &amp; West's interpretation of analytic thinking in terms of ability suggests a complementary ability perspective on intuitive thinking.
PWE-200 The impact of bowel preparation on other colonoscopy quality indicators: Abstract PWE-200 Table 1
Authors: S K Butt, H Defoe, K Besherdas
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Poor quality of bowel preparation may be a major obstacle to the effectiveness of colonoscopy. Poor bowel preparation results in repeat of the procedure or shortening the interval of repeat scheduled procedure all of which increase the economic burden of the test. Quality indicators of colonoscopy are an important assessment of an endoscopy unit to fulfil for formal accreditation from JAG (Joint Advisory Group of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy). These indicators include the caecal intubation rate, adenoma detection rate and polyp retrieval rate. Poor quality bowel preparation may affect all of these quality indicators of colonoscopy. The impact on the quality of bowel preparation on completion of colonoscopy and polyp detection/retrieval was assessed in this study. <h3>Methods</h3> To test the hypothesis that poor bowel preparation results in reduced caecal intubation, reduced adenoma detection and polyp retrieval rates. This was a retrospective analysis of all colonoscopies performed at a district general hospital in the North of London for 1-year from June 2009. The quality of bowel preparation was documented as good, satisfactory or poor. The caecal intubation rate, adenoma detection rate and polyp retrieval rate within each of the types of quality of bowel preparation was scrutinised. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 1261 colonoscopies were performed in the study period. The caecal intubation rates were 94%, 86% and 82% for good, satisfactory and poor bowel preparation respectively. The polyp detection rate were 20%, 20% and 16% and polyp retrieval rate of 92%, 87% and 77% for good, satisfactory and poor bowel preparation respectively. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Patients undergoing colonoscopy whose bowel preparation is poor have significantly lower rates of caecal intubation, polyp detection and polyp retrieval compared those with good bowel preparation. This study demonstrates the importance for units to endeavour to improve bowel preparation for patients undergoing colonoscopy to improve completeness of colonoscopy. While individual colonoscopist will look to improve their quality indicators of colonoscopy by safer sedation scores and improval in withdrawal times, the quality of bowel prep needs to be assessed by the unit. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
The impact of implanting cardioverter-defibrillators in patients who meet the multicenter automatic defibrillator implantation trial-II criteria on the health care system at a tertiary referral center
Authors: Sana M. Al-Khatib, Eric Peterson, James Jollis, Yun Li, Kevin Anstrom, Christopher O'Connor, Kerry Lee, Linda Shaw, Robert M. Califf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Population of hepatic macrophages and response of perfused liver to platelet-activating factor during production of thioacetamide-induced cirrhosis in rats
Authors: S Noda, S Masumi, M Moriyama, Y Kannan, M Ohta, T Sugano, J Yamate
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The response of hepatic macrophages and the effects of platelet– activating factor (PAF) in perfused liver were studied during production of experimental cirrhosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA) in female Sprague–Dawley rats. Within 4 weeks of TAA administration (300 mg/L drinking water), an increase in hepatic macrophage population and enlargement in cell size preceded the alterations characteristic of cirrhosis. During 12 weeks of TAA administration, the changes in hepatic macrophages were maintained and cirrhosis of the micronodular type developed with a marked increase in hydroxyproline content. Although TAA treatment for 4 weeks had no effect on oxygen consumption or hepatic portal pressure in the perfused liver, the increment in hepatic portal pressure and decrement in oxygen consumption induced by PAF in TAA–treated rats were double those in control rats. The amounts of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) in perfusate induced by PAF were seven– and fivefold greater, respectively, in TAA–treated rats than in control rats. Zymosan mimicked the effects of PAF. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that hepatic macrophages and PAF play important roles in the development of cirrhosis induced by TAA.
Effectiveness of Diuretic Injection on the Measurement of Differential Renal Function Using Tc-99m DMSA in Patients With a Dilated Renal Pelvis
Authors: Gulgun Buyukdereli, Isa Burak Guney, Gulsah Seydaoglu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of diuretic injection for the measurement of differential renal function (DRF) with technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (Tc-99m DMSA) scintigraphy in patients with a dilated pelvis.A total of 46 patients who were referred for both technetium-99m-L,L-ethylenedicysteine (Tc-99m L,L-EC) and Tc-99m DMSA imaging and found to have a dilated collecting system on Tc-99m EC scintigraphy were studied. Four to 5 hours after intravenous injection of Tc-99m DMSA, imaging was performed in the supine position, and posterior, anterior, left and right lateral, and left and right posterior oblique views were taken. After this study, furosemide was administered intravenously and 30 minutes later, additional images in the anterior and posterior views were obtained.The kidneys were evaluated into 2 groups. Group 1 comprised 12 kidneys that had an obstructive curve pattern on Tc-99m EC scans. Group 2 comprised 34 kidneys that had a nonobstructive dilated renogram curve pattern. DRF of the kidneys in each patient were calculated, and the values obtained from the standard and diuretic DMSA scans were compared with each other for all patients and each group. Considering all the patients, the values of mean DRF on both standard and diuretic DMSA images were 55.4%+/-21.2% and 55.4%+/-21.5%, respectively. There were no significant differences between DRF values of each kidney obtained by the 2 methods. When we compared the DRF values in groups 1 and 2, there were again no significant differences. In group 1, the values of mean DRF on standard and diuretic images were 51.7%+/-13.7% and 51.6%+/-13.9%, respectively, and in group 2, the values of mean DRF were 56.7%+/-23.4% and 56.7%+/-23.6%, respectively.In view of our study, diuretic administration seems to be an unnecessary intervention because it has no effect on the accuracy of DRF measurements using DMSA scintigraphy in patients with a dilated collecting system whether it is obstructed or not.
Abstract 1812: Effects of vitamin D on obesity-induced increase in ER-positive and ER-negative mammary cancer in mice
Authors: Wei Yu, Dominic Kim, Allison Sumis, Leana Hilakivi-clarke
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract We have previously found that dietary exposure to vitamin D (VD3) reverses the increase in endometrial cancer in obese Pten+/- mice. Since obesity also increases breast cancer risk and recurrence, this study investigated whether VD3 supplementation may inhibit development of mammary cancer in obese mice. As the protective effect of VD3 in the endometrium was not related to the estrogen receptor (ER), we pursued another potential pathway and determined whether VD3 reverses obesity-induced insulin resistance. Methods: Two mouse models were used: DMBA-treated C57BL/6 mice developing ER positive (ER+) mammary tumors, and Pten+/- mice which develop triple negative mammary tumors. C57BL/6 mice were wild type littermates of the Pten+/- mice. Mice in the two models were divided into four groups after weaning, and they were fed (a) AIN93G based control diet, (b) diet supplemented with 20K IU VD3, (c) obesity-inducing diet (OID), or (d) OID supplemented with 25K IU VD3. Results: OID induced insulin resistance and increased mammary tumorigenesis in both C57BL/6 and Pten+/- mice. VD3 significantly inhibited ER+ (p&amp;lt;0.05) and ER- (p&amp;lt;0.04) mammary cancer, but did not reverse the obesity-induced increase in cancer risk. Results obtained in the insulin tolerance test, however, indicated that VD3 prevented the development of insulin resistance in the OID fed obese C57BL/6 and Pten+/- mice. Conclusions: Dietary exposure to VD3 protects against development of ER+ and triple negative mammary cancer, but only in lean mice. VD3 supplementation also prevents insulin resistance in obese mice, but this is not sufficient to reduce mammary cancer risk in either C57BL/6 or Pten+/- mice Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1812. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1812
Psychonephrology 1: Psychological Factors in Hemodialysis and Transplantation
Authors: George Dunea
Journal: JAMA (1981)

This book could be a disappointment to the nephrophile hoping to learn that the kidney is the seat of the soul or that wanderings of the kidney, like wanderings of the uterus, cause hysteria. For the 39 "psychonephrologists" whose deliberations are collected in this volume seem to view the kidney itself with scant affection. Instead, their preoccupations center on the social and psychological difficulties of the victims of what is described as the culture lag arising because "the soft technology of rehabilitation lags behind the hard technology of the dialyzer." The book opens with Dr Eli Friedman describing what dialysis is all about and committing the psychonephrologic Freudian slip of describing hemodiafiltration as "terminal hemodiafiltration." He then briefly discusses the uremic toxins, whose effect on the brain, Dr Paul Teschan points out, may be quantitated by EEG and other techniques. The rest of the book is devoted to the psychological