tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE TOXIC FACTORS IN EXPERIMENTAL TRAUMATIC SHOCK. IV. THE EFFECTS OF THE INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF THE EFFUSION FROM ISCHEMIC MUSCLE 1
Authors: J. C. Aub, A. M. Brues, S. S. Kety, I. T. Nathanson, A. L. Nutt, A. Pope, P. C. Zamecnik
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1945)
Alterations in thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue gene expression in protease inhibitor-based highly active antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Juan Chaparro, Dominic N. Reeds, Weidong Wen, E. Xueping, Samuel Klein, Clay F. Semenkovich, Kyongtae T. Bae, Erin K. Quirk, William G. Powderly, Kevin E. Yarasheski, Ellen Li
Journal: Metabolism (2005)
Intestinal absorption in the "contaminated small-bowel syndrome".
Authors: M Gracey
Journal: Gut (1971)

<h3>Background</h3> Chest CT displays chest pathology better than chest X-ray (CXR). We evaluated the effects on health outcomes of replacing CXR by ultra-low-dose chest-CT (ULDCT) in the diagnostic work-up of patients suspected of non-traumatic pulmonary disease at the emergency department. <h3>Methods</h3> Pragmatic, multicentre, non-inferiority randomised clinical trial in patients suspected of non-traumatic pulmonary disease at the emergency department. Between 31 January 2017 and 31 May 2018, every month, participating centres were randomly allocated to using ULDCT or CXR. Primary outcome was functional health at 28 days, measured by the Short Form (SF)-12 physical component summary scale score (PCS score), non-inferiority margin was set at 1 point. Secondary outcomes included hospital admission, hospital length of stay (LOS) and patients in follow-up because of incidental findings. <h3>Results</h3> 2418 consecutive patients (ULDCT: 1208 and CXR: 1210) were included. Mean SF-12 PCS score at 28 days was 37.0 for ULDCT and 35.9 for CXR (difference 1.1; 95% lower CI: 0.003). After ULDCT, 638/1208 (52.7%) patients were admitted (median LOS of 4.8 days; IQR 2.1–8.8) compared with 659/1210 (54.5%) patients after CXR (median LOS 4.6 days; IQR 2.1–8.8). More ULDCT patients were in follow-up because of incidental findings: 26 (2.2%) versus 4 (0.3%). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Short-term functional health was comparable between ULDCT and CXR, as were hospital admissions and LOS, but more incidental findings were found in the ULDCT group. Our trial does not support routine use of ULDCT in the work-up of patients suspected of non-traumatic pulmonary disease at the emergency department. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> NTR6163.
Ethnic Differences in Perception of Lung Function
Authors: Gregory K. Fritz, Elizabeth L. McQuaid, Sheryl J. Kopel, Ronald Seifer, Robert B. Klein, Daphne Koinis Mitchell, Cynthia A. Esteban, Jose Rodriguez-Santana, Angel Colon, Maria Alvarez, Glorisa Canino
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Rationale: Disparities in pediatric asthma exist in that Latino children have higher prevalence and greater morbidity from asthma than non–Latino white children. The factors behind these disparities are poorly understood, but ethnic-related variations in children's ability to accurately recognize and report their pulmonary functioning may be a contributing process.Objectives: To determine (1) if differences exist between Latino and non–Latino white children's perceptual accuracy and (2) whether these differences are related to asthma outcomes.Methods: Five hundred and twelve children, aged 7–16 years (290 island Puerto Ricans, 115 Rhode Island Latinos, and 107 Rhode Island non-Latino white children) participated in a 5-week home-based protocol in which twice daily they entered subjective estimates of their peak expiratory flow rate into a hand-held, programmable spirometer and then performed spirometry. Their accuracy was summarized as three perceptual accuracy scores. Demographic data, asthma severity, intelligence, emotional expression, and general symptom-reporting tendencies were assessed and covaried in analyses of the relationship of perceptual accuracy to asthma morbidity and health care use.Measurements and Main Results: Younger age, female sex, lower intelligence, and poverty were associated with lower pulmonary function perception scores. Island Puerto Rican children had the lowest accuracy and highest magnification scores, followed by Rhode Island Latinos; both differed significantly from non–Latino white children. Perceptual accuracy scores were associated with most indices of asthma morbidity.Conclusions: Controlling for other predictive variables, ethnicity was related to pulmonary function perception ability, as Latino children were less accurate than non–Latino white children. This difference in perceptual ability may contribute to recognized asthma disparities.
Androgen Resistance — The Clinical and Molecular Spectrum
Authors: Jeffrey S. Flier, Lisa H. Underhill, James E. Griffin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

RESISTANCE to the action of androgens, like other forms of hormone resistance, is characterized by partial or complete absence of the usual effects of the hormones and normal or increased hormone production.1 Since androgens are important for normal male sexual development and fertility, defects in androgen action are often associated with abnormal sexual differentiation, infertility, or both. This article reviews the phenotypic variation and the range of molecular defects that have been identified in persons with mutations causing androgen resistance.Male Phenotypic DevelopmentDuring embryogenesis the indifferent gonad in males is converted to a testis in response to a testis-determining . . .
Age-dependent decrease in glutamine synthetase expression in the hippocampal astroglia of the triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease mouse model: mechanism for deficient glutamatergic transmission?
Authors: Markel Olabarria, Harun N Noristani, Alexei Verkhratsky, José J Rodríguez
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2011)

Astrocytes are fundamental for brain homeostasis and the progression and outcome of many neuropathologies including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD) generalised hippocampal astroglia atrophy precedes a restricted and specific β-amyloid (Aβ) plaque-related astrogliosis. Astrocytes are critical for CNS glutamatergic transmission being the principal elements of glutamate homeostasis through maintaining its synthesis, uptake and turnover via glutamate-glutamine shuttle. Glutamine synthetase (GS), which is specifically expressed in astrocytes, forms glutamine by an ATP-dependent amination of glutamate. Here, we report changes in GS astrocytic expression in two major cognitive areas of the hippocampus (the dentate gyrus, DG and the CA1) in 3xTg-AD animals aged between 9 and 18 months. We found a significant reduction in Nv (number of cell/mm3) of GS immunoreactive (GS-IR) astrocytes starting from 12 months (28.59%) of age in the DG, and sustained at 18 months (31.65%). CA1 decrease of GS-positive astrocytes Nv (33.26%) occurs at 18 months. This Nv reduction of GS-IR astrocytes is paralleled by a decrease in overall GS expression (determined by its optical density) that becomes significant at 18 months (21.61% and 19.68% in DG and CA1, respectively). GS-IR Nv changes are directly associated with the presence of Aβ deposits showing a decrease of 47.92% as opposed to 23.47% in areas free of Aβ. These changes in GS containing astrocytes and GS-immunoreactivity indicate AD-related impairments of glutamate homeostatic system, at the advanced and late stages of the disease, which may affect the efficacy of glutamatergic transmission in the diseased brain that may contribute to the cognitive deficiency.
Mitochondrial targeting of electron scavenging antioxidants: Regulation of selective oxidation vs random chain reactions☆
Authors: Valerian E. Kagan, Peter Wipf, Detcho Stoyanovsky, Joel S. Greenberger, Grigory Borisenko, Natalia A. Belikova, Naveena Yanamala, Alejandro K. Samhan Arias, Muhammad A. Tungekar, Jianfei Jiang
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2009)
Abstract LB-451: Detection of urinary HE4 as a biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Zhong-Qian Li, Rachel Radwan, Julie Polkowski, Savitha Raju, Katherine Falcone, Rebecca Simamora, Timothy Kettlety, Richard G. Moore, Grady Barnes
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) has been shown to be a promising serum biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Recently, Hellstrom et al. reported the detection of HE4 in urine as a biomarker for ovarian neoplasms (Cancer Lett.2010;296:43–8). We investigated the feasibility of urinary HE4 in detection of EOC in a pilot study. METHODS: This retrospective study measured the HE4 levels in urine samples obtained from an institutional review board-approved sample bank. HE4 was measured with HE4 EIA (Fujirebio Diagnostics, Inc.). Creatinine was measured via colorimetric determination by the Jaffe Reaction and used to normalize the HE4 levels. Clinical diagnosis of the subjects was based on the pathological diagnosis. Single-point urine samples were analyzed from 232 subjects; 72 with EOC or low malignant potential tumors and 160 with benign disease. RESULTS: The medians of HE4 levels in subjects with EOC and with benign disease were 29833 pmol/L (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 21185–54728) and 8515 pmol/L (95% CI: 7077–9314) respectively. The medians of HE4/Creatinine ratios in subjects with EOC and with benign disease were 420 (95% CI: 269–491) and 75 (95% CI: 68–83), respectively. Both the medians of HE4 levels and HE4/Creatinine ratios in EOC subjects were significantly higher than that in subjects with benign disease (P&amp;lt;0.0001 in Median test). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that areas under the curve (AUC) were 0.87 for HE4/Creatinine ratio (95% CI = 0.81–0.92) and 0.83 for HE4 level (95% CI = 0.76–0.89). There was no significant difference between the AUC for HE4 level and HE4/Creatinine ratio (P&amp;gt;0.05). Using the shoulder point of each ROC curve as the cut-off, the cut-off values were 152.5 for HE4/Creatinine ratio and 19161 pmol/L for HE4 level respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value at the set cut-off values were 70.8% (95% CI = 58.9% – 81.0%), 93.1% (95% CI = 88.0% – 96.5%), 82.3% and 87.6% for HE4/Creatinine ratio, and 65.3% (95% CI = 53.1% – 76.1%), 89.4% (95% CI = 83.5% – 93.7%), 73.4% and 85.1% for HE4 level, respectively. Concordance rates versus clinical diagnosis were 86.2% for HE4/creatinine ratio and 81.9% for HE4 level. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study demonstrated the utility of urinary HE4 level alone or HE4/Creatinine ratio as potential biomarkers for the detection of EOC. The HE4/Creatinine ratio appeared to be better than the HE4 level in correlating with the clinical pathological diagnosis of EOC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-451. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-451
Reciprocal Influence of Salt Intake on Adrenal Glomerulosa and Renal Vascular Responses to Angiotensin II in Normal Man
Authors: Norman K. Hollenberg, William R. Chenitz, Douglass F. Adams, Gordon H. Williams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

The adrenal glomerulosa cell and the renal vasculature respond to similar arterial angiotensin II (A II) levels. We have assessed the effect of decreased sodium intake on their responses to A II in man. Studies were performed in 42 normal subjects in balance on a daily intake of 100 meq potassium and either 200 or 10 meq sodium/day. Renal blood flow was measured with (133)Xe and arterial A II, renin and aldosterone concentrations by radioimmunoassay. A II was infused intravenously (1, 3, or 10 ng/kg/min) for 40-60 min; 14 subjects received graded doses. The A II level increased linearly with dose and plateaued within 3 min; blood pressure and renal vascular resistance showed a similar time-course. Aldosterone rose within 10 and plateaued within 20 min. Dose-response relationships were established between the rate of A II infusion and the adrenal, the renal vascular, and pressor responses. Sodium restriction reduced the pressor (P < 0.01) and the renal vascular response (P < 0.01), but potentiated the adrenal response to A II (P < 0.01). An excellent correlation was found between the plasma A II and aldosterone levels, but the slope of their regression relationship on a high (y = 0.13x + 6) and low salt intake (y = 0.32x + 14) differed significantly (P < 0.0005). Thus, sodium intake reciprocally influences vascular and adrenal responses to A II: salt restriction blunts the vascular response and potentiates the adrenal's, a physiologically important influence in view of aldosterone's role in sodium conservation.
Postoperative Hypoventilation and Hypoxemia in Man after Hyperventilation
Authors: A. J. Salvatore, S. F. Sullivan, E. M. Papper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

In 13 patients, free of cardiopulmonary disease, who had been subjected to hyperventilation for an average of two and three-quarters hours during anesthesia and operation, spontaneous breathing began when arterial carbon dioxide tension rose from 18 to 38 mm of mercury. Thereafter the patients were allowed to breathe air. Tidal volume and minute volume increased progressively throughout the first postoperative hour while arterial carbon dioxide tension varied less than 2 mm of mercury. Twenty minutes after the onset of spontaneous breathing, arterial oxygen tension reached an average low value of 72 mm of mercury and then progressively increased toward normal, averaging 83 mm at 30 minutes and 88 mm at 60 minutes. Thus, in man the hypoventilation that follows a period of hyperventilation can result in a definite lowering of arterial oxygen tension if air is breathed after operation. Yet this hypoventilation was associated with a normal arterial carbon dioxide tension. Carbon dioxide tension is not a reliable index of adequate ventilation for the maintenance of normal arterial oxygen tension after hyperventilation and anesthesia.
1001-4 Impact of initial patency of the infarct related vessel on outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with primary angioplasty
Authors: Nicolette Ernst, Felix Zijlstra, Menko-Jan de Boer, Harry Suryapranata, Jan C Hoorntje, Kor Miedema, Jan-Henk E Dambrink, Marcel Gosselink, Arnoud W van 't Hof
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
UU/UA Dinucleotide Frequency Reduction in Coding Regions Results in Increased mRNA Stability and Protein Expression
Authors: Maher Al-Saif, Khalid SA Khabar
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

UU and UA dinucleotides are rare in mammalian genes and may offer natural selection against endoribonuclease-mediated mRNA decay. This study hypothesized that reducing UU and UA (UW) dinucleotides in the mRNA-coding sequence, including the codons and the dicodon boundaries, may promote resistance to mRNA decay, thereby increasing protein production. Indeed, protein expression from UW-reduced coding regions of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), luciferase, interferon-α, and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was higher when compared to the wild-type protein expression. The steady-state level of UW-reduced EGFP mRNA was higher and the mRNA half-life was also longer. Ectopic expression of the endoribonuclease, RNase L, did not reduce the wild type or UW-reduced mRNA. A mutant form of the mRNA decay-promoting protein, tristetraprolin (TTP/ZFP36), which has a point mutation in the zinc-finger domain (C124R), was used. The wild-type EGFP mRNA but not the UW-reduced mRNA responded to the dominant negative action of the C124R ZFP36/TTP mutant. The results indicate the efficacy of the described rational approach to formulate a general scheme for boosting recombinant protein production in mammalian cells. UU and UA dinucleotides are rare in mammalian genes and may offer natural selection against endoribonuclease-mediated mRNA decay. This study hypothesized that reducing UU and UA (UW) dinucleotides in the mRNA-coding sequence, including the codons and the dicodon boundaries, may promote resistance to mRNA decay, thereby increasing protein production. Indeed, protein expression from UW-reduced coding regions of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), luciferase, interferon-α, and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was higher when compared to the wild-type protein expression. The steady-state level of UW-reduced EGFP mRNA was higher and the mRNA half-life was also longer. Ectopic expression of the endoribonuclease, RNase L, did not reduce the wild type or UW-reduced mRNA. A mutant form of the mRNA decay-promoting protein, tristetraprolin (TTP/ZFP36), which has a point mutation in the zinc-finger domain (C124R), was used. The wild-type EGFP mRNA but not the UW-reduced mRNA responded to the dominant negative action of the C124R ZFP36/TTP mutant. The results indicate the efficacy of the described rational approach to formulate a general scheme for boosting recombinant protein production in mammalian cells.
NHS reforms are obstructing the push for efficiency gains, say MPs
Authors: D. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (2012)

An influential committee of MPs this week claimed that the government’s radical restructuring of the NHS in England was obstructing the service’s quest to save £20bn (€24bn; $31bn).

A report from the House of Commons Health Committee, chaired by the former Conservative health secretary Stephen Dorrell, said, “The reorganisation process continues to complicate the push for efficiency gains. Although it may have facilitated savings in some cases, we heard that it more often creates disruption and distraction that hinders the ability of organisations to consider truly effective ways of reforming service delivery and releasing savings.”

The MPs’ findings echo concerns raised previously by bodies such as the NHS Confederation and the healthcare think tank the King’s Fund—and shared by the NHS chief executive, David Nicholson—that it was unrealistic to expect the service to achieve 4% annual efficiency gains every year until 2015 in the midst of organisational upheaval. 

The report, on NHS expenditure, also casts doubt on the health department’s confidence that billions of pounds are already being saved by hospitals and primary care trusts as they seek to find their share of the £20bn required by the “Nicholson challenge.” The MPs noted a “marked disconnect between the concerns expressed by those responsible for delivering services and the relative optimism of the government.”

Mr Dorrell, speaking on BBC Radio 4’s Today programme on 24 January, said that the inquiry had found evidence that some places were taking measures to try to control the financial situation that could fairly be described as “short term expedients” or “salami slicing.”

He said, “There are too many examples of areas where …
Overexpressed β-Catenin Blocks Nitric Oxide–Induced Apoptosis in Colonic Cancer Cells
Authors: Hongying Wang, Wallace K. MacNaughton
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract β-Catenin plays an important role in colonic tumorigenesis whereas inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide are elevated in colonic inflammation. Resistance of colonic epithelial cells to the induction of apoptosis may contribute to tumor development. Nitric oxide can stimulate apoptosis and, paradoxically, is implicated in the development of colon cancer. Our hypothesis was that β-catenin could increase the resistance of colonic cancer cells to nitric oxide–induced apoptotic cell death. Here we show, using a β-catenin overexpression system, that increased cytosolic β-catenin renders colonic epithelial cells more resistant to nitric oxide–induced apoptotic cell death, independently of nitric oxide–induced accumulation of p53. Furthermore, we show that this occurs through inhibition of nitric oxide–induced release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and by blocking both the nitric oxide–induced suppression of the antiapoptotic protein, Bcl-xL, and the phosphorylation of Akt. We contend that increased nitric oxide production, such as that which occurs in chronic colonic inflammation, may select the cells with oncogenic mutant β-catenin regulatory genes and contribute to human colonic carcinogenesis and tumor progression.
Response to comment on: Löndahl et al. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Facilitates Healing of Chronic Foot Ulcers in Patients With Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2010;33:998–1003
Authors: Magnus Löndahl, Per Katzman, Anders Nilsson, Christer Hammarlund
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

There is increasing evidence for the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in selected patients with chronic diabetic foot ulcers (1). However, several issues still need to be answered, including health economics.

In an editorial commenting on our study, Lipsky and Berendt (2) reported costs between $50,000 and $200,000 for a full course of HBOT treatment in the U.S. Van der Staal et al. (3) report significantly lower cost/reimbursement in the Netherlands at €6,916 for 40 HBOT sessions. Our Hyperbaric Centre in the southern part of Sweden is reimbursed €9,462 for 40 HBOT sessions, whereas at another Swedish center, …
The Lysosomal v-ATPase-Ragulator Complex Is a Common Activator for AMPK and mTORC1, Acting as a Switch between Catabolism and Anabolism
Authors: Chen-Song Zhang, Bin Jiang, Mengqi Li, Mingjiang Zhu, Yongying Peng, Ya-Lin Zhang, Yu-Qing Wu, Terytty Yang Li, Yu Liang, Zailian Lu, Guili Lian, Qing Liu, Huiling Guo, Zhenyu Yin, Zhiyun Ye, Jiahuai Han, Jia-Wei Wu, Huiyong Yin, Shu-Yong Lin, Sheng-Cai Lin
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)
Mammographic Parenchymal Patterns-Reply
Authors: Myron Moskowitz
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I think the following comments are pertinent in regard to Dr Wolfe's response to the article by Tabár and Dean and my editorial comment. The fact that the incidence data of Tabár and Dean are totally anomalous to Dr Wolfe's work is, of course, the key issue here. Dr Wolfe's data are dangerous to use for incidence data when applied to a general population of patients because they are based primarily on patients who were symptomatic and referred. What this has to do with and how it affects mammographic parenchymal patterns and subsequent risk is not clearly known. However, if patients are both symptomatic and referred, it is highly likely that they represent a distinct subset of the population at risk. Conversely, the data of Tabár and Dean based on a randomly selected population are a more meaningful clue. The fact that there seems to be a high