tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Elevated Bilirubin Levels in Asymptomatic Adults
Authors: Lisa B. VanWagner, Richard M. Green
Journal: JAMA (2015)

A 57-year-old white man presents for evaluation of an asymptomatic elevation in bilirubin detected on a chemistry panel during an annual physical examination. Thirty years ago, he had abnormal liver function tests attributed to use of an unknown medication that resolved when the drug was discontinued. He reports no jaundice, pruritus, or family history of liver disease and takes no medications. He drinks 1 alcoholic beverage daily (≈100 g/week). On physical examination, blood pressure was 108/63 mm Hg, pulse rate was 61 beats per minute, and body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) was 23.4. His liver was 7.0 cm by percussion and nontender, sclera were anicteric, there was no stigmata of chronic liver disease, and splenomegaly was absent. The examination was otherwise unremarkable. His laboratory values are reported in the Table.



Table

Simultaneously Obtained Serum Laboratory Tests
Abstract 2221: A new promoter of Casp 8 in an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma susceptibility locus
Authors: Zhengwei Lin, Xiaohang Zhao, Yang Xu, Zhimin Guo, Nan Zhao, Yulin Sun
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Our previous Genome wide associationstudy (GWAS) of esophagealsquamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) identified a susceptibility locus on chromosome 2q33.1 encompassing CASP8 gene. Caspase 8 is an essential initiator in cell apoptosis and is associated with many diseases. CASP8 has varieties of transcripts, which might exert distinct functions. However, the transcriptional determinants, which control CASP8 gene expression remain poorly defined. The present study focused on revealing the mechanism behind the GWAS signal and finding clues for the complex regulation of CASP8.We observed a secondary promoter in CASP8 using a series of luciferase reporter assays, which locates 25kb far away from the previously described CASP8 promoter. The ENCODE ChIP-seq data shows the promoter features at the epigenetic level, including high H3K27Ac, H3K4M3 and low CpG methylation around the novel promoter region. Though people have known lots of transcription factors, little research focuses on which factors exert the transcription function for a certain promoteron earth. To explore the transcription factors that contribute to the secondary promoter of CASP8, we developed an effective strategy based on DNA-protein affinity purification and mass spectrometry. PURα was identified from the eluted protein products that the secondary promoter fragment could bind specific. We validated the mass spectrometry result through western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation assay and confirmed that PURα was involved in the transcription machine and might exert the function by forming a complex together with E2F-1 and Pol II. Remarkably, we observed that if knocking down the expression of PURα, the transcription activity decreased significantly. Although the physiologicrole of the CASP8 secondary promoter and its correspondent transcripts remain unclear, the current data suggest that it could explain the complexity of CASP8's transcription in some degree and expand the GWAS results to the function level. We believe these two promoters have thecapacity to play a role in the very different functions of caspase 8 isoforms. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Zhengwei Lin, Xiaohang Zhao, Yang Xu, Zhimin Guo, Nan Zhao, Yulin Sun. A new promoter of Casp 8 in an esophageal squamous cell carcinoma susceptibility locus. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2221. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2221
Injury to bile duct during cholecystectomy nearly triples risk of death
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Patients who have their common bile duct injured during removal of their gall bladder have nearly three times the risk of death in the next few years as patients who do not incur the injury ( JAMA 2003;290: 2168-73).

Cholecystectomy is the most common elective abdominal surgical procedure in the United States, with 750 000 procedures performed each year. Injury to the common bile duct occurs in 1 in 200 of these operations. Repair of the duct is considered a technically challenging procedure and sometimes …
EMPYEMA OF THE FRONTAL SINUS.
Authors: E. FLETCHER INGALS
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Suppurative sinusitis or empyema of the frontal sinus is a comparatively rare affection, although, all told, many cases have been recorded. It is frequently an acute disease characterized by pain over the frontal sinus, which continues persistently for several days and is finally relieved by a discharge of pus from the nose; or the pain may come on daily, lasting for a few hours only. These acute cases frequently run a rapid course and terminate in resolution. Chronic empyema may be of the variety known as latent sinusitis which, according to Mayo, Collier and Milligan, is characterized by symptoms and signs similar to those of acute empyema and yet not very different from sinusitis of a simple non-suppurative catarrhal character. The latent disease is essentially chronic, but on account of the free opening from the sinus into the nasal passages there is no permanent collection of pus and none of
Ownership of Medical Information
Authors: Mark A. Hall
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Congenital Ichthyosis, Spastic Diplegia, and Mental Deficiency
Authors: B. W. Richards
Journal: BMJ (1960)

Sjogren and Larsson (1957) described 28 cases of the syndrome of mental deficiency, congenital ichthyosis, and spastic diplegia in Sweden.The family data indi- cated the mode of inheritance to be monohybrid auto- somal recessive.They considered that the syndrome had not been previously reported, but three brothers described by Pisani and Cacchione (1934) are probably examples of it.In the only family so far reported in this country (Richards, Rundle, and Wilding, 1957), two of four sibs, both girls, were affected.The parents, who were unrelated, and a brother and sister were normal.Both affected children had mental deficiency, congenital ichthyosis, and symmetrical spastic diplegia.The younger child, aged 5 years, was more mildly afflicted in all respects.Her I.Q. was 60.The family was Greek-Cypriot, and had recently migrated to this country.The presen-t case is of a girl of 13 years, the child of English parents who are first cousins.The parents and the younger half-brother are normal.. . . . . . . . .
Technetium-99m Exametazime Brain SPECT and Magnetic Resonance Images in the Diagnosis of Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
Authors: JACK R. McEWAN, CHAN H. PARK, SUNG M. KIM, JAMES J. ZHANG, CHARLES M. INTENZO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Brain SPECT scans from two patients with herpes simplex encephalitis are presented and correlated with corresponding magnetic resonance images. Both of these scans demonstrate increased technetium-99m exametazime (hexamethylpropylene amine oxime) uptake in the temporal lobes both ipsilateral and contralateral to areas of increased signal noted on T2 weighted images.
Low blood pressure and depression in older men: a population based study
Authors: E Barrett-Connor, L A Palinkas
Journal: BMJ (1994)

To determine if an association exists between low blood pressure and depressive symptoms in older men living in the community.Cross sectional, population based study.Town of Rancho Bernardo, California, United States.846 men aged 60-89 years. Comparisons between hypotensive, normotensive, and hypertensive groups were limited to 594 men not taking drugs for hypertension.Mean scores on Beck depression inventory and prevalence of scores > or = 13.Men with diastolic blood pressure < 75 mm Hg had significantly higher depression scores (mean scores 6.35 v 4.96; P < 0.001) and more categorical depression (7.6% v 1.8% with scores > or = 13; P < 0.01) than men with diastolic blood pressure levels between 75 and 85 mm Hg. Men with diastolic blood pressure levels > 85 mm Hg had higher depression scores than men with intermediate blood pressure levels (mean scores 5.85 v 4.96; P < 0.05). Men with diastolic hypotension scored significantly higher on both affective and somatic item subscales of the Beck depression inventory and on individual measures of fatigue, pessimism, sadness, loss of appetite, weight loss, and preoccupation with health. Low diastolic blood pressure was a significant predictor of both mean depression score and prevalence of categorical depression, independent of age and change in weight since the baseline visit. The presence of several chronic diseases was associated with depressed mood and higher blood pressure but not with low blood pressure.The association of relatively low diastolic blood pressure with higher depressive symptom scores and rates of categorical depression was independent of age or weight loss. Since fatigue is a prominent symptom of depression, any association of low blood pressure with fatigue could reflect depressive disorders or clinically important depression.
THE SANITARY INSPECTION OF FACTORIES.
Authors: O. W. BRAYMER
Journal: JAMA (1896)

While a study of the legislative enactments on factory inspection, as found in the labor laws of our States and Territories, teaches us that our legislators and health authorities have not entirely neglected the subject of sanitary inspection (since in a few of our manufacturing States there are laws good so far as they go), yet it is very evident that no great effort has been made to improve the sanitary and hygienic environments of the workingman, and create the best possible conditions for his health and work; conditions which conform to the scientific knowledge of our age. It would appear that nothing had been done beyond what necessity had enforced. No scientific knowledge of sanitation seems to have been promulgated among our factory owners and the working people of our country. It is true that laws have been enacted regulating the age at which children can be employed in
Decreased serum triiodothyronine in starving rats is due primarily to diminished thyroidal secretion of thyroxine.
Authors: W B Kinlaw, H L Schwartz, J H Oppenheimer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Although thyroxine (T4) 5'-deiodinase activity is diminished in liver homogenates of starved rats, no information is available regarding the effect of starvation on net T4 to triiodothyronine (T3) conversion in the intact rat. It appeared important to clarify this relationship since rat liver homogenates are widely used as a model for the study of the factors responsible for reduced circulating T3 in chronically ill and calorically deprived patients. In contrast to the expected selective decrease in circulating T3 levels in calorically restricted humans due to diminished T4 to T3 conversion, 5 d of starvation of two groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats resulted, paradoxically, in a greater decrease in serum T4 than in serum T3 levels. Kinetic studies show that starvation is associated with no change in the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of T3, a 20% increase in the MCR of T4, a 67% reduction in turnover rate of T4, but only a 58% reduction in the turnover rate of T3. Moreover, in the first group of rats studied, direct chromatographic analysis of the isotopic composition of total body homogenates after the injection of 125I-T4 showed that 21.8% of T4 is converted to T3 in control rats and 28.8% in starved rats, suggesting that virtually all extrathyroidal T3 in starved and control rats is derived from the peripheral conversion of T4, and that there is little or no direct thyroidal secretion of T3. Our findings strongly point to a reduced thyroidal secretion of T4 as the primary cause of the observed reduction in circulating T3. Since the mechanisms leading to reduced levels of plasma T3 differ in humans and rats, it may be important to reexamine the use of liver homogenate preparations as models for study of the pathogenesis of the "low T3 syndrome" in humans.
MEDI-563, a Humanized Anti-IL-5Ra Antibody with Enhanced Effector Function, Induces Reversible Blood Eosinopenia in Mild Asthmatics
Authors: J L Reed, R Kolbeck, N Molfino, A A Kozhich, A A Humbles, Jonas Erjefält, P A Kiener, W W Busse, R K Katial, F Leon, G L Spitalny, M Koike, A J Coyle, B White
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
A PARABOLIC REFLECTOR FOR THE ILLUMINATION OF TEST-TYPES.
Authors: MORTIMER FRANK
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Under present-day considerations it is imperative that artificial illumination be used for the lighting of test-types. The quality of the light produced, its location and distribution with reference to its proper reflection, are matters which have to be observed in order to obtain an even and constant illumination over the whole surface of the card. The ideal condition, that of daylight, which we should endeavor to imitate, is one of nearly perfect diffusion. An even illumination over the whole surface of the test-type card, approximating daylight, can only be obtained with artificial lighting by means of a proper reflecting surface. The most common fault with the lighting of test-types is the improper care in the selection of the reflector and the position of the lamps. The reflector has been installed and selected in a haphazard way, and the resulting illumination left to be what it may. As a consequence, with
Self-renewal of embryonic stem cells through culture on nanopattern polydimethylsiloxane substrate
Authors: Kilsoo Jeon, Hyun-Jik Oh, Hyejin Lim, Jung-Hyun Kim, Duk Hyun Lee, Eung-Ryoung Lee, Bae Ho Park, Ssang-Goo Cho
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Alzheimer's Disease: Unskilled Vulgarity Decays Into Stunning Artistic Genius
Authors: F. Abis dla Clara
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.  —In the recent article by Drs Cummings and Zarit, 1 the reproductions that are supposed to illustrate the progressive intellectual decay of the artist show in fact a progression toward better pictorial quality, if not toward genius.  Figure 1 in the article, painted near the time of onset of Alzheimer's disease, is a vulgar, unskilled amateur painting with gross errors in perspective and nauseating colors.  Figure 2, painted seven years after the onset of disease, is the work of a genius, recalling the best of Van Gogh.  Figure 4, completed at the nadir of his Alzheimer's dementia, could compete with the best attainments of modern art.  This leads to one question: Are our contemporary artists collectively suffering from advanced Alzheimer's or from another kind of dementia?
Familial Occurrence of Disseminated Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Seymour Glagov, Elias Geghman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

ONLY a few cases of the familial occurrence of disseminated lupus erythematosus have been reported in the literature. This report is concerned with the observation of disseminated lupus erythematosus occurring in both mother and daughter.Case ReportsCase 1. J.K., a 44-year-old housewife, was admitted to the Beth-El Hospital on September 4, 1953. She had emigrated from Russia at the age of 2. Her mother had died of a "stroke" at 65, and her father of a heart attack at 64 years of age. Two sisters were living and well. One brother had had rheumatic fever and hay fever. She . . .
Making the medical notes of hunger strikers at Guantanamo Bay available to trusted doctors
Authors: F. W. Arnold
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Chrispin and Nathanson state that “Because the trust between detainees and their military doctors at Guantanamo has broken down, it is essential that the hunger strikers be allowed access to examination and advice from independent physicians.”1

Some detainees have been allowed limited access to their lawyers and independent doctors, but without privacy, and only on condition of …
Early Structural and Functional Changes in Liver of Rats Treated with a Single Dose of Valproic Acid
Authors: Anne Marie Jezequel, Patrizia Bonazzi, Giuseppe Novelli, Cinzia Venturini, Francesco Orlandi
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

Valproic acid (VPA) is a simple fatty acid largely used as anticonvulsivant agent. Side effects are uncommon, but cases of fatal hepatic failure have been reported. To elucidate the mechanism of VPA-induced hepatotoxicity, the functional and structural changes associated with administration of sodium valproate (NaVPA) to rats (200 or 600 mg per kg, i.p.) were analyzed. NaVPA produced an immediate, dose-dependent and prolonged increase in bile salt-independent bile flow with a decrease in biliary cholesterol and phospholipid output. At 3 and 5 hr, marked ultrastruc-tural changes were evident in hepatocytes, including formation of autophagic vacuoles engulfing altered mitochondria and occasionally peroxisomes. A modest accumulation of lipoprotein particles was evident at 5 hr in the Golgi cisternae. Twelve-hour samples appeared normal. Bile canaliculi and junctional complexes remained unaltered throughout. The changes observed differ from those previously reported with other hydrocholeretics, such as diethylmaleate; they are likely related to hepatic biotransformation of VPA, which undergoes β and ω-oxidation, and glucuronidation. While VPA-induced choleresis reflects the physiological osmotic effect of the glucuronide excreted in bile, the ultrastructural changes likely reflect interference by VPA with β-oxidation of endogenous fatty acids and temporary accumulation of transformation products in the mitochondrial matrix.
Antithrombotic thrombocytes: ectopic expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator in platelets
Authors: Dubravka Kufrin, Don E. Eslin, Khalil Bdeir, Juan-Carlos Murciano, Alice Kuo, M. Anna Kowalska, Jay L. Degen, Bruce S. Sachais, Douglas B. Cines, Mortimer Poncz
Journal: Blood (2003)
AMA Department of Drugs:—
Authors: John Nichols
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Following the withdrawal of Thorotrast from the market about two years ago, the FDA issued regulations for new labeling of drugs containing thorium dioxide. These state, in part, "The use in man of drugs containing thorium dioxide is justified only when this drug has a unique clinical usefulness and there is substantial evidence of limited life expectancy by reason of disease or advanced age." <h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Mention of Thorotrast in "Polyhydramnios in Anencephaly" might be interpreted as recommendation for its use, or to support application, now pending, for FDA approval of Thorotrast as a diagnostic agent in a very few rare conditions. Neither of the foregoing is correct.
HIV pre-test discussion
Authors: R. Miller, M. Lipman
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Britain's Department of Health has recently introduced revised guidelines for pre-test discussion on HIV antibody testing.1 These have been circulated to all doctors, district general managers and chief executives of NHS trusts. The guidelines update the first booklet (1985),2 which led to most HIV tests being offered at genitourinary medicine clinics and few being done in general medical care.3

The new guidelines confirm that named testing for HIV infection should only be undertaken with informed consent, and that individuals should have information about HIV transmission, the significance of a positive and negative result, and be able to discuss their particular needs and concerns. They also advise that discussion and testing should now be part of …
Treatment of Behcet Disease with Pentoxifylline
Authors: Jedd D. Wolchok
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 March 1997Treatment of Behcet Disease with PentoxifyllineJedd D. Wolchok, MD, PhDJedd D. Wolchok, MD, PhDMemorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-6-199703150-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Yasui and colleagues [1] recently published an interesting report on the efficacy of pentoxifylline in the treatment of three patients with Behcet disease. The precise cause of Behcet disease remains unknown; however, international diagnostic criteria include the classic symptoms of oral and genital ulcerations, uveitis, and skin lesions [2].I was intrigued by one possible mechanism of action of pentoxifylline that may help elucidate the cause of Behcet disease. This compound, a methylxanthine derivative, has been shown to inhibit the production of various proinflammatory cytokines, especially tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) [3]. Interestingly, levels of TNF-α induced by ...References1. Yasui K, Ohta K, Kobayashi M, Aizawa T, Komiyama A. Successful treatment of Behcet disease with pentoxifylline. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 124:891-3. Google Scholar2. Schumacher HR Jr, ed. Primer on Rheumatic Diseases. 10th ed. Atlanta: Arthritis Foundation; 1993:206-7. Google Scholar3. Nakamura S, Sugita M, Tanaka S, Ohno S. Enhanced production of in vitro tumor necrosis factor-α from monocytes in Behcet's disease. Acta Soc Ophthalmol Jap. 1992; 96:1282-5. Google Scholar4. Neuner P, Klosner G, Schauer E, Pourmojib M, Macheiner W, Grunwald C, et al. Pentoxifylline in vivo down-regulates the release of IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor-α by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Immunology. 1994; 83:262-7. Google Scholar5. Lee TH, Lee GW, Ziff EB, Vilcek T. Isolation and characterization of eight tumor necrosis factor-induced gene sequences from human fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biol. 1990; 10:1982-8. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByGenetics and immunodysfunction underlying Behçet’s disease and immunomodulant treatment approachesPentoxifylline improves short-term survival in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial 15 March 1997Volume 126, Issue 6Page: 493KeywordsCytokinesGenital anatomyLesionsMethylxanthineNecrosisNeutrophilsPathogenesisPatientsUlcersUveitis Issue Published: 15 March 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...