tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effects of ethanol administration on portal pressure and gastroesophageal collateral blood flow in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis
Authors: Joanna B. Ready, Kenneth F. Hossack, William G. Rector
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

The pathogenesis of variceal hemorrhage is not well understood. Portal pressure and gastroesophageal collateral (azygous) blood flow are similar in patients with cirrhosis with or without a history of variceal bleeding. However, acute increases in these parameters in individual patients might predispose them to variceal rupture. Fifteen patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and portal hypertension were evaluated to test the hypothesis that ethanol intake acutely increases portal pressure or gastroesophageal blood flow and is a possible risk factor in variceal hemorrhage. A 10% solution of ethanol in 5% dextrose in water was infused intravenously at a rate sufficient to raise the blood–alcohol level to 100 mg/dl over 30 min. Eight patients received ethanol 5% dextrose in water; seven patients received a placebo (5% dextrose in water alone). Ethanol did not produce a significant change in wedged hepatic–vein pressure, free hepatic–vein pressure, azygous blood flow, mean arterial pressure or heart rate compared with the effects of 5% dextrose in water alone. Acute administration of ethanol does not increase portal pressure or gastroesophageal blood flow. It is unlikely that acute ethanol ingestion is a risk factor for variceal hemorrhage.(HEPATOLOGY 1990; 11:674–677.)
The extent of ischemic ECG changes adds to the prognostic value of ST-segment depression in patients with acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Jose Gant Lopez, Patricia Gitelman, Maria I. Sosa Liprandi, Florencia Meiller, Simon Salzberg, Andres Ahuad, Adrian Baranchuck, Julio Giorgini, Maria Cecilia Bahit, Oscar Bazzino
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Evaluation of iron metabolism indices and their relation with physical work capacity in athletes.
Authors: S O Karamizrak, C Işlegen, S R Varol, Y Taşkiran, C Yaman, I Mutaf, N Akgün
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1996)

OBJECTIVE--To evaluate the relation between iron status and physical working capacity, and to assess the effect of oral iron treatment on these variables, in athletes with borderline iron status. METHODS--Blood haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell count (RBC), serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and ferritin determinations were compared in 71 male and 18 female athletes participating in various sports and in matched male (n = 11) and female (n = 8) controls. The first aim was to assess the relations between these variables and performance in a physical work capacity test (PWC170). Oral iron treatment (175-350 mg ferrous fumarate daily) was provided for three weeks to six male and five female athletes with borderline Hb concentrations, to determine the effects of such treatment on both iron status and performance. RESULTS--Among females, handball players had the lowest serum ferritin concentrations (P &lt; 0.05), the highest TIBC values, and lowest PWC170 scores (P &lt; 0.01); runners had the highest ferritin concentrations and PWC170 scores (P &lt; 0.01). There were significant correlations (P &lt; 0.01) between PWC170 and PCV, serum ferritin, and transferrin saturation of female athletes. Hb, serum iron, serum ferritin, and transferrin saturation increased with iron treatment in both males (P &lt; 0.01) and females (P &lt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS--Serum ferritin determination may prove a valuable addition to the screening of athletes and may indicate the need for iron treatment, even though a causal effect on improvement of work capacity may not be present.
A Trial of Clonidine to Stop Smoking
Authors: Linda M. Lucas
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Highly dependent smokers, as defined by Fagerstrom tolerance scores of 7 and above, often have more severe withdrawal syndromes and lower quit rates than mildly or intermediately dependent smokers.<sup>1,2</sup>It is recommended that these highly dependent smokers receive more intensive support in the form of behavioral modification classes and counseling.<sup>2</sup>Also, use of nicotine gum raises long-term verified quit rates in this group.<sup>3</sup>However, nicotine gum does not appear to be effective (and is not recommended by the manufacturer) without the patient's active participation in a behavioral modification program.<sup>4</sup>Even with these treatment regimens, long-term verified quit rates in highly dependent smokers are low, ranging from 6% to 44%.<sup>3</sup> As Franks et al<sup>5</sup>point out in their article entitled "Randomized, Controlled Trial of Clonidine for Smoking Cessation in a Primary Care Setting," clonidine hydrochloride therapy by itself without an intensive
Congenital Abnormalities in Infancy
Authors: Lewis A. Leavitt
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Norman's book, addressed to the physician caring for the newborn, serves as a "handy authority" on the congenital anomalies recognized during the first weeks of life. It does not attempt to exhaustively include all congenital anomalies. Instead, it describes the most important clinical entities, in 11 chapters divided according to organ system, each written by one or more of a panel of specialists. The second edition contains some updating of references, discussion of newer methods of management and the addition of a chapter on chromosomal abnormalities. In general, the book falls short of being a helpful guide for either the physician-in-training or the man in practice. While the chapters are generally informative, they are quite uneven in organization and style. Most chapters give rather cursory discussion of embryology and pathophysiology, but in some presentations the discussion of embryology is entirely omitted. Emphasis on therapy is quite varied. In the orthopedic
Advances in understanding of alcoholism initiate evolution in treatment programs
Authors: T. F. Kirn
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Health risks from acid rain: a Canadian perspective.
Authors: C A Franklin, R T Burnett, R J Paolini, M E Raizenne
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Acidic deposition, commonly referred to as acid rain, is causing serious environmental damage in eastern Canada. The revenues from forest products, tourism and sport fishing are estimated to account for about 8% of the gross national product. The impact on human health is not as clearcut and a multi-department program on the Long-Range Transport of Airborne Pollutants (LRTAP) was approved by the federal government in June 1980. The objectives of the LRTAP program are to reduce wet sulfate deposition to less than 20 kg/ha per year in order to protect moderately sensitive areas. This will require a 50% reduction in Canadian SO2 emissions east of the Saskatchewan/Manitoba border and concomitant reductions in the eastern U.S.A. The objectives of the health sector of the program are to assess the risk to health posed by airborne pollutants which are subjected to long-range transport and to monitor the influence of abatement programs. Two major epidemiology studies were undertaken in 1983, one in which the health effects related to acute exposure to transported air pollutants were studied in asthmatic and nonasthmatic children, and another in which the effects of chronic exposure to these pollutants were studied in school children living in towns with high and low levels of pollutants. Preliminary analysis of the data do not indicate major health effects, but definitive conclusions must await final analysis. Studies on the indirect effects of acid deposition on water quality have shown that acidified lake water left standing in the plumbing system can adversely affect water quality and that federally set guidelines for copper and lead are exceeded. Flushing of the system before using the water rectifies the situation. Additional studies are planned to further delineate the magnitude of the health effects of acidified lake water.
A Blood Transfusion Service in Cyprus
Authors: P. A. Clearkin
Journal: BMJ (1958)

BLOOD GROUPS OF TURKS wiBcH 939 of B and Fya, to tend perhaps a little more towards Asiatic features than the Eti-Turks, who have, however, the higher frequency of M.As regards abnormalities of haemoglobin synthesis, we have seen that thalassaemia, as its name implies a Medi- terranean character, but not exclusively so, exists in both populations.Sickling, generally regarded* as an African character, appears to be extremely rare in Turks and has not been found in the present survey, but is found at a high frequency, almost certainly above 10%, in the Eti-Turks.Haemoglobin E, perhaps derived from south-east Asia, is found sporadically in Eti-Turks, and haemoglobin D has been found in one Turkish family.The most difficult character to account for is the sickling, in the absence of other African features.The situation in this respect does not appear to differ greatly from that found in the Lake Copais area of Greece (Choremis et al., 1957), and, as in that area, it is possible that a single sickling indi- vidual from Africa or elsewhere, or a small number of them, may have introduced the gene for haemoglobin S into a highly malarious area, where the advantage conferred on heterozygotes by this gene in resistance to infection caused carriers of it to multiply selectively. SummaryThe ABO, MNS, Rh, Lutheran, Kell, and Duffy blood-group frequencies of the Turks and Eti-Turks of the Mersin area do not differ greatly from the values commonly found in Europe.Thalassaemia is present in both populations and sickling in the Eti-Turks, in whom its propagation may have been favoured by the prevalence of malaria.Haemoglobin E occurs sporadi- cally amongst the Eti-Turks, and haemoglobin D was found once amongst 240 Turks.M. A. is grateful for support from the Blood Research Founda- tion, Washington, D.C.The blood-group investigations included in this paper form part of a research carried out by. E. W. I.
AN AMPUTATION RETRACTOR.
Authors: O. O. COOPER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

For years in doing amputations I have felt the need of some sort of efficient retractor to take the place of the two-tailed or three-tailed cloth retractor commonly used. The cloth sometimes holds the soft parts away from the saw, but frequently does not, the consequence being that the muscles are shredded or bruised enough to cause sloughing, or, on the other hand, the bone is not sawed off high enough the first time. No instrument catalogue that I know of shows an amputation retractor of any sort, and the surgeons I meet have not heard of such a device, so, as far as I know, I have the only pair of amputation retractors in existence. At first I used two kidney-shaped pieces of sheet copper cut out by hand. By overlapping these around the bone and bending them a little at the periphery to keep one's fingers away from
THE SPECIFIC POLYSACCHARIDE CONTENT OF PNEUMONIC LUNGS
Authors: A. W. Frisch, J. T. Tripp, C. D. Barrett, B. E. Pidgeon
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1942)

1. The specific polysaccharide content of pneumonic lungs in Type III pneumonia was 60 times greater than in Type I, II, VII, and VIII cases. 2. The highest values were obtained from gray hepatized lobes, but the red hepatized and edematous areas also contained large quantities of S. 3. Comparable yields of polysaccharide were recovered from the sputa and lungs of fatal cases. 4. Preliminary peptic digest of lung exudates increased the S yields. 5. The data support the hypothesis that the outcome in Type III pneumonia is related to the ability of the pneumococci to produce capsular polysaccharide.
Antidepressant trials generally have methodological defects
Authors: C. Even, S. Friedman, R. Dardennes
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—The study reported by Woelk tried to show the antidepressant properties of St John's wort,1 but its methodology was subsequently much criticised.2 We put the four major criticisms together to form a short “methodological quality” checklist and added one item regarding the integrity of blindness: the checklist assessed use of remission criteria; use of a three arm design; use of an active placebo; individual determination of the dose of the reference compound; and evaluation …
"IS A MEAT DIET A MENACE?"
Authors: C. Robert Moulton
Journal: JAMA (1930)

To the Editor:  —In defense of the editorial entitled Is a Meat Diet a Menace? (The Journal, September 20, p. 866) and in reply to the criticism of Dr. Mark Falcon-Lesses (The Journal, November 8, p. 1445), it should be pointed out that the experiment of Newburgh, Falcon-Lesses and Johnston cited as proof of kidney damage really shows what extreme abuse the human body will stand with only a temporary damage resulting. The human subject used in this experiment may be considered to have been an average sized man doing the usual nonstrenuous activities of a member of a laboratory staff. Yet Newburgh, Falcon-Lesses and Johnston fed this subject a diet containing 4,177 calories and 327 Gm. of animal protein daily. A truly Gargantuan diet! Furthermore, in the preliminary control period, what was termed a  number of casts appeared in the urine of the subject. The word normal in
Human mast cells and extracellular matrix: immunohistochemical studies of normal skin and inflammatory dermatoses
Authors: S. Kruger-Krasagakes, I. Kelm, B.M. Henz
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Journal Article Human mast cells and extracellular matrix: immunohistochemical studies of normal skin and inflammatory dermatoses Get access S. Krüger‐Krasagakes, S. Krüger‐Krasagakes Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité, Humboldt University, Augustenburgerplatz 1, D‐13344 Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. Kelm, I. Kelm Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité, Humboldt University, Augustenburgerplatz 1, D‐13344 Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B.M. Henz B.M. Henz Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of Heraklion, Crete, Greece Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité, Humboldt University, Augustenburgerplatz 1, D‐13344 Berlin, Germany B M. Henz. E‐mail: magdalena.fuchs@charite.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 151, Issue 4, 1 October 2004, Pages 928–930, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06188.x Published: 01 October 2004
Activation of Protein C In Vivo
Authors: Philip C. Comp, Rene M. Jacocks, Gary L. Ferrell, C. T. Esmon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

An endothelial cell-associated cofactor that greatly enhances the rate of protein C activation by thrombin has recently been described. The observation that the cofactor binds thrombin with unusually high affinity (Kd = 0.5 nM) suggested that low level thrombin infusion into dogs might lead to the selective activation of protein C.
Erythropoietin Radioimmunoassay in Evaluating Patients with Polycythemia
Authors: H. PHILLIP KOEFFLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

We measured serum concentrations of erythropoietin in 59 patients with polycythemia using a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay. The mean concentration was 17.5 ± 8.4 mU/mL (± SD) in 26 patients with polycythemia vera and 14.9 ± 4.2 mU/mL in 26 normal persons. In contrast, the average concentration was 94.3 ± 101.2 mU/mL in 33 patients with secondary polycythemia, representing a highly significant elevation (p < 0.0001) compared to both normal and polycythemia vera groups. The average hematocrit value did not differ between the polycythemia vera and the secondary polycythemia patients, and both groups had higher values (median, 55%) than the normal donors (median, 41%). Erythropoietin concentrations ascertained by radioimmunoassay helped discriminate between polycythemia vera and secondary polycythemia. Ninety-two percent of polycythemia vera patients had concentrations less than 30 mU/mL (the concentration used as a cut off point), and 94% of secondary polycythemia patients had concentrations greater than 30 mU/mL. This represents an overall correct classification of 93% of the patients. Serum erythropoietin levels as ascertained by radioimmunoassay can distinguish between most polycythemia vera and secondary polycythemia patients and should prove useful in the differential diagnosis of polycythemia.
P837 GENOTYPE 3 AND CIRCULATING SCCA-IgM ARE INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES OF NASH IN HCV INFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: A. Martini, G. Fattovich, M. Guido, E. Bugianesi, A. Biasiolo, D. Ieluzzi, A. Gallotta, G. Fassina, C. Merkel, A. Gatta, F. Negro, P. Pontisso
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Deep Brain Stimulation for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Reduces Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in a Single Patient
Authors: Berthold Langguth, Kornelia Sturm, Thomas C. Wetter, Max Lange, Loes Gabriels, Emeran A. Mayer, Juergen Schlaier
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2015)
Understanding Lung Sounds
Authors: Harry B. Greenberg
Journal: JAMA (1985)

How long has it been since you have heard bronchial breath sounds over the chest of a patient with pneumonia? How long since you have heard amphoric breath sounds, late inspiratory crackles, monophonic wheezes, inspiratory and expiratory squawks, and egobronchophony? Well, here is your chance to hear them. Steven Lehrer's cassette tape has these as well as a lot of the other sounds that sick lungs make. And if for some mysterious acoustical reasons, best known to himself, Dr Lehrer recommends listening to the tape through a stethoscope while holding its bell 2 to 3 in from the speaker of the tape player, I shall not gainsay him. Accompanying his cassette tape, Dr Lehrer's paperback gives a bird's eye view of contemporary pulmonology. He discusses, for example, both normal and abnormal breath sounds. Turbulent air flow in lobar and segmental bronchi produces the normal breath sounds. In the alveoli, he
Emmprin and Survivin Predict Response and Survival following Cisplatin-Containing Chemotherapy in Patients with Advanced Bladder Cancer
Authors: Anne B. Als, Lars Dyrskjøt, Hans von der Maase, Karen Koed, Francisco Mansilla, Helle E. Toldbod, Jens L. Jensen, Benedicte P. Ulhøi, Lisa Sengeløv, Klaus M.E. Jensen, Torben F. Ørntoft
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: Cisplatin-containing chemotherapy is the standard of care for patients with locally advanced and metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium. The response rate is ∼50% and tumor-derived molecular prognostic markers are desirable for improved estimation of response and survival. Experimental Design: Affymetrix GeneChip expression profiling was carried out using tumor material from 30 patients. A set of genes with an expression highly correlated to survival time after chemotherapy was identified. Two genes were selected for validation by immunohistochemistry in an independent material of 124 patients receiving cisplatin-containing therapy. Results: Fifty-five differentially expressed genes correlated significantly to survival time. Two of the protein products (emmprin and survivin) were validated using immunohistochemistry. Multivariate analysis identified emmprin expression (hazard ratio, 2.23; P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and survivin expression (hazard ratio, 2.46; P &amp;lt; 0.0001) as independent prognostic markers for poor outcome, together with the presence of visceral metastases (hazard ratio, 2.62; P &amp;lt; 0.0001). In the clinical good prognostic group of patients without visceral metastases, both markers showed significant discriminating power as supplemental risk factors (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Within this group of patients, the subgroups of patients with no positive, one positive, or two positive immunohistochemistry scores (emmprin and survivin) had estimated 5-year survival rates of 44.0%, 21.1%, and 0%, respectively. Response to chemotherapy could also be predicted with an odds ratio of 4.41 (95% confidence interval, 1.91-10.1) and 2.48 (95% confidence interval, 1.1-5.5) for emmprin and survivin, respectively. Conclusions: Emmprin and survivin proteins were identified as strong independent prognostic factors for response and survival after cisplatin-containing chemotherapy in patients with advanced bladder cancer.
Targeting the Kinesin Spindle Protein: Basic Principles and Clinical Implications
Authors: Vasiliki Sarli, Athanassios Giannis
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Kinesin spindle protein (KSP), a member of the kinesin superfamily of microtubule-based motors, plays a critical role in mitosis as it mediates centrosome separation and bipolar spindle assembly and maintenance. Inhibition of KSP function leads to cell cycle arrest at mitosis with the formation of monoastral microtubule arrays, and ultimately, to cell death. Several KSP inhibitors are currently being studied in clinical trials and provide new opportunities for the development of novel anticancer therapeutics alternative from the available microtubule targeting drugs.
One million war deaths
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Walt Whitman (1819-1892) was the poet of romantic, democratic individualism, or possibly even of egotism. His most famous poem, after all, is Song of Myself , which opens: “I celebrate myself, and sing myself . . .”

Another line, of the kind of which there are many, is: “I exist as I am, that is enough . . .”

Whenever, therefore, a patient complained to me of lack of self esteem, thoughts of Walt Whitman rose inexorably in my mind. In fact, the deepest experience of his adult life was serving for three years as a volunteer nurse to the wounded of the American civil war. At the outbreak of that bloody conflict, he wrote an exultantly pro-war …