tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Importance of temporal heterogeneity in assessing the contraction abnormalities associated with acute myocardial ischemia.
Authors: A E Weyman, T D Franklin, R D Hogan, L D Gillam, P S Wiske, J Newell, E F Gibbons, R A Foale
Journal: Circulation (1984)

A number of recent two-dimensional echocardiographic studies have attempted to relate quantitative changes in short-axis left ventricular radial wall motion to underlying myocardial ischemia/infarction. The significance of temporal variation in the contraction sequence within these ischemic regions in the overall evaluation of segmental left ventricular dysfunction, however, remains undefined. To assess this, we examined the motion of 192 individual radii that intersected known ischemic segments at 16.7 msec intervals from end-diastole to end-systole. The studies were performed in 13 dogs 1 hr after acute coronary ligation (six of the left anterior descending and seven of the circumflex coronary artery). Zones of infarction were confirmed by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining at the termination of the experiment and by a corresponding decrease of more than 75% in myocardial perfusion at the 1 hr sampling period. Dyskinesis (defined for each radius as negative or outward excursion relative to the end-diastolic reference on two consecutive fields) was noted along 168 of 192 radii (88%) at some point in the contraction sequence. The maximal outward or dyskinetic motion occurred most commonly in the fourth decile of the normalized contraction sequence. In 147 of the 168 dyskinetic radii (88%) the maximal outward motion occurred during the first half of systole while in only two radii in one animal was the maximal outward motion noted at end-systole. The total number of radii showing dyskinetic motion at any given point in the contraction sequence likewise varied with time. Although again the greatest number of radii showed abnormal motion during the fourth decile of the normalized contraction sequence, only 66 of 168 or 39% remained dyskinetic to end-systole. No relationship was observed between the point of maximal dyskinesis (time-weighted average of all dyskinetic radii for a given animal) and (1) the total number of radii showing dyskinesis, (2) the total number of radii within the infarct zone, or (3) the infarct area expressed as a percent of the slice area. The major factor determining persistence of dyskinesis to end-systole for any radius was the maximal outward motion of the endocardial segment at the point of maximal dyskinesis. Therefore, simple measurement of endocardial excursion from end-diastole to end-systole may fail to detect important wall motion abnormalities and, in some cases, may miss dyskinetic segments completely.
NMR IMAGING WITH MAGNETIC LENSES
Authors: Stuart G. Mirell, W. H. Blahd
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

A unique prototype magnet system for regional NMR imaging is described. The prototype demonstrates the feasibility of a lightweight iron core magnet using magnetic lenses and well suited to single organ imaging, particularly with regard to applications utilizing NMR contrast agents targeted to a specific organ. The 0.3 scale prototype system incorporates opposed contoured axially symmetric pole pieces. Fields in the range of 0.4T are achieved with alnico magnet elements while lower field strengths using ceramic magnet elements have facilitated the lens design. Corrective magnetic lenses permit an overall magnetic field 1000 times less uniform than that of conventional NMR imaging magnets. This far less stringent uniformity requirement translates into a full scale system of only 2 tons while maintaining high field strength and resolution. The (electro)magnetic lenses flatten the field to 1 part in 50,000 only in the pre-selected thin discshaped volume to be imaged. In this manner, uniformity comparable to conventional NMR imagers is achieved. The lenses are the physical equivalent of the terms in a Legendre polynomial representation of the magnetic field. The degrees of freedom afforded by controlling lens currents permit a nearly constant field solution in a disc-shaped planar segment co-axial to and at any selected position between the vertically oriented poles. In full scale, this segment would be 20 cm in diameter and 0.4 cm in thickness with a patient aperture of 40 cm permitting tomographic visualization of any region of the head or body. Such a system would be low in cost, mobile, negligible in fringe field and ideal for imaging regional NMR contrast agent uptake.
Evidence for Cancer Stem Cells in Human Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: Sonya A. Hubbard, Anne M. Friel, Beena Kumar, Ling Zhang, Bo R. Rueda, Caroline E. Gargett
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Emerging evidence indicates that the highly regenerative human endometrium harbors rare populations of epithelial progenitor cells. In tumors of other regenerative epithelial tissues, rare cancer stem cells (CSC) have been identified that may have originated from normal epithelial stem/progenitor cells. We hypothesized that CSC are responsible for epithelial neoplasia associated with endometrial carcinoma, the most common gynecologic malignancy in women. Stem cell characteristics of single cells isolated from endometrial carcinoma tissues from women ages 62 +/- 11.8 years (n = 34) were assessed. Twenty-five of 28 endometrial carcinoma samples contained a small population of clonogenic cells [0.24% (0-1.84%)], with no significant difference in cloning efficiency between the three grades of endometrial carcinoma or between endometrial carcinoma and normal endometrial epithelial samples. Isolated endometrial carcinoma cells transplanted under the kidney capsule of immunocompromised mice in serial dilution (2 x 10(6)-1 x 10(4) cells) generated tumors in 8 of 9 samples with morphologies similar to the parent tumors. These tumors recapitulated cytokeratin, vimentin, estrogen receptor-alpha, and progesterone receptor expression of the parent tumor, indicating that tumor-initiating cells likely differentiated into cells comprising the endometrial carcinoma tissue. Individual clones underwent serial clonal subculture 2.5 to 4 times, with a trend of increasing number of subclonings with increasing tumor grade, indicating increasing self-renewal with greater malignancy. Clonally derived endometrial carcinoma cells also expressed the self-renewal genes BMI-1, NANOG, and SOX-2. Isolated cells from primary tumors were serially transplanted 3 to 5 times in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice, showing self-renewal in vivo. This evidence of cells with clonogenic, self-renewing, differentiating, and tumorigenic properties suggests that a CSC population may be responsible for production of endometrial carcinoma tumor cells.
Changing iodine intake and the effect on thyroid disease.
Authors: R Hall, J H Lazarus
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Changing iodine intake and the effect on thyroid diseaseThe gross iodine deficiency that occurs in some areas leads to cretinism in its various forms, goitre, and hypothyroidism.Another manifestation of iodine deficiency is a general reduction in the intelligence quotient of whole populations.In areas of moderate iodine deficiency, which include much of continental Europe where iodine supplementation is not practised, a different group of disorders is seen.Goitre, initially diffuse and then multinodular, is common, affecting 15% of the population of the Federal Republic of Germany.' Autonomous thyroid nodules, toxic nodular goitre, and iodine induced hyperthyroidism are all commoner than in areas with more iodine.More subtle manifestations of minor iodine deficiency include transient neonatal hypothyroidism, especially in the premature,2 and an alteration in the causes of hyperthyroidism.3Little information is available on the current iodine state in the United Kingdom.' Local differences in the prevalence of non-toxic goitre have been described between Sheffield and Ormiston4 and in East Herrington, County Durham.5 Appre- ciable differences have also been reported between different towns in the prevalence ofhyperthyroidism.6A further study showed a reduced prevalence of thyrotrophin receptor antibodies in older people with hyperthyroidism, who presumably suffered from toxic nodular goitres.7This suggested that iodine deficiency had been common in the older age group.
SUBJECTIVE SIGNS IN DIAGNOSIS
Authors: T. A. WILLIAMS
Journal: JAMA (1921)

This paper is designed to show that subjective sensations of patients have a validity not inferior to the facts which are denominated objective in contradistinction. It is customary to deride what is called subjective, i. e., what we learn by the revelations of the patient about himself even when elicited by examination. By ignoring these data failure is courted, of which scores of examples could be adduced. The reason of this derision of the subjective is largely a confusion on the part of the examiner between the actual subjective feelings of the patient and a very different phenomenon, viz., the interpretation the patient places on these feelings, which is very often extremely erroneous, as all of us know. But patients are not the only sinners in this respect, for the history of medicine is crammed with fallacious interpretations of objective signs, such as the appearance of a bacillus, the nature
Laboratory Screening Of Heroin Addicts
Authors: William J. Vandervort
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The use of heroin intravenously and other illicit drugs is unfortunately an epidemic disease in our society. Medical problems arise other than those secondary to the pharmacologic effects of the drugs. These are often related to the adjuvants or contaminants, and to the lack of sterile precautions by persons uneducated in, or indifferent to, the rudiments of asepsis. Liv̀er disease is frequent among addicts who share their purloined or improvised mainlining apparatus. The incidence of subclinical hepatitis relative to overt cases is estimated to be in the range of 30 to one. The subclinical or undiagnosed patient, however, is presumably just as infectious as the patient whose hepatitis is symptomatic and, therefore, recognized. The Wilmington Medical Center has had a methadone treatment program since 1968, in which more than 350 heroin addicts have been treated. We have recently had the opportunity to evaluate SMA 12/60 examinations, plus
Erythema chronicum migrans and "lyme arthritis"
Authors: W. E. Mast
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  The discussion in MEDICAL NEWS (236:241, 1976) of a new form of arthritis in New England prompts us to submit a follow-up on our original report Erythema Chronicum Migrans [ECM] in the United States (236:859, 1976).  We have this summer seen six more cases of ECM, for a total of ten cases. All erythemas responded dramatically to treatment with penicillin or erythromycin, with resolution within 24 to 48 hours of beginning treatment. In two of these patients (20% of our series), a monoarticular arthritis with effusion subsequently developed. Both patients had serum positive for rheumatoid factor. One patient was systemically ill, with fever, myalgia, and malaise. He experienced complete relief of symptoms and resolution of the effusion within 48 hours of beginning the penicillin regimen. The other patient with arthritis was less symptomatic, and symptoms and effusion gradually resolved over three weeks under expectant observation. On exchange
Incorporation into a biodegradable hyaluronic acid matrix enhances in vivo efficacy of recombinant human interleukin 11 (rhIL11)
Authors: Akira Takagi, Noboru Yamashita, Tatsunobu Yoshioka, Yuuki Takaishi, Kiyo Nakanishi, Shigeo Takemura, Atsushi Maeda, Katsumi Saito, Yoshinobu Takakura, Mitsuru Hashida
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2006)
Treatment of hypercholesterolemic patients with and without coronary disease with pravastatin decreases thrombus formation under dynamic flow conditions
Authors: G. Dangas, J.A. Ambroso, D.A. Smith, A.H. Ungor, C. Flor, J.H. Shao, P. Moraj, J.T. Fallon, J.H. Chosobro, J.J. Badimon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Laser recanalization of occluded atherosclerotic arteries in vivo and in vitro.
Authors: G S Abela, S J Normann, D M Cohen, D Franzini, R L Feldman, F Crea, A Fenech, C J Pepine, C R Conti
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Controlled laser irradiation was used to recanalize atherosclerotic stenoses in vivo and in vitro. In 15 rabbits with atherosclerotic arteries a catheter was positioned in the distal aorta for angiographic examination and as a guide for a small silica optical fiber. Both Nd-YAG and argon lasers were used for recanalization with varying power and duration. As determined by angiographic studies the severity of iliofemoral stenoses in eight 15 arteries decreased from 78 +/- 18% to 32 +/- 11% (mean +/- SD). In one additional artery the stenosis improved from 45% to 25%, but this was associated with perforation. The other six arteries were perforated (two after fiber manipulation, four after laser discharge) without obvious improvement in severity of stenosis. No angiographic loss of distal circulation was noted. To better define tissue- laser interactions in the live-rabbits, lasing of 15 totally occluded atherosclerotic rabbit arterial segments in vitro was done while the optical fiber was advanced or fixed. When the fiber was fixed, serial sections showed that the new lumen was flame shaped. The width and depth of the lumen increased with increasing laser energy. When the fiber was advanced, histologic examination showed a smooth cylindrical vascular channel with limited lateral tissue damage. This study demonstrated that lasers can recanalize atherosclerotic stenoses in a live animal preparation; however, arterial perforation remains a problem.
Reductionist Biology and Population Medicine—Strange Bedfellows or a Marriage Made in Heaven?
Authors: Roger J. Bulger
Journal: JAMA (1990)

An important contribution, in the form of a House of Delegates—approved policy report from the American Medical Association Council on Scientific Affairs, appears elsewhere in this issue ofThe Journal. Entitled "The IOM Report and Public Health,"<sup>1</sup>the Council report does three things very well: (1) it clearly and precisely summarizes one of the best and potentially most effective and influential Institute of Medicine reports of recent years; (2) it delineates the little-known, inadequately appreciated but extensive history of the relationships and interactions among the public health establishment, the community of practicing physicians, and the American Medical Association over the years; and (3) it presents a series of recommendations for physicians and organized medicine to follow vis-à-vis the public's health and society's efforts to optimize the health of its citizenry. After describing the broad array of disciplines and professionals that must be brought to bear on the complex health
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Are Sensitive to DNA Damage
Authors: Minjie Zhang, Caiyun Yang, Huixian Liu, Yingli Sun
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2013)

Abstract Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) resemble embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in morphology, gene expression and in vitro differentiation, raising new hope for personalized clinical therapy. While many efforts have been made to improve reprogramming efficiency, significant problems such as genomic instability of iPSCs need to be addressed before clinical therapy. In this study, we try to figure out the real genomic state of iPSCs and their DNA damage response to ionizing radiation (IR). We found that iPSC line 3FB4-1 had lower DNA damage repair ability than mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells, from which 3FB4-1line was derived. After the introduction of DNA damage by IR, the number of γ-H2AX foci in 3FB4-1 increased modestly compared to a large increase seen in MEF, albeit both significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.01). In addition, whole-genome sequencing analysis showed that after IR, 3FB4-1 possessed more point mutations than MEF and the point mutations spread all over chromosomes. These observations provide evidence that iPSCs are more sensitive to ionizing radiation and their relatively low DNA damage repair capacity may account for their high radiosensitivity. The compromised DNA damage repair capacity of iPSCs should be considered when used in clinical therapy.
Race and Crack Cocaine
Authors: Victor R. Adebimpe
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The recent article by Lillie-Blanton et al<sup>1</sup>and the accompanying Editorial<sup>2</sup>underscore the importance of selecting appropriate statistical methods when interpreting prevalence rates showing racial and ethnic differences. Their conclusions are consistent with previous research findings in which adjustments for sociodemographic variables reduced or eliminated racial differences in the symptoms of schizophrenia and depression in personality tests and in intelligence tests.<sup>3</sup> They also support recent findings of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area study, which, after corrections for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and marital status, found few and unimpressive race-related differences for schizophrenia, affective disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, antisocial personality disorder, and drug abuse.<sup>4</sup> Some of these results have important implications, which may be quite different from those of the raw data. For example, lack of racial differences in schizophrenia and affective disorder is in sharp contrast to unadjusted hospital and clinic data showing racial disparities
Pelger—Huet anomaly in an infant with multiple congenital anomalies
Authors: Julie D. Fishbein, John M. Falletta
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract We report a new case of Pelger‐Huet anomaly (PHA) evident from the first day of life in an infant with multiple congenital anomalies suggestive of Fryn syndrome. The infant's parents are not affected by PHA, raising the possibility that the PHA resulted from a spontaneous mutation.
A Novel, Helper-Dependent, Adenovirus–Retrovirus Hybrid Vector: Stable Transduction by a Two-Stage Mechanism
Authors: Harris Soifer, Collin Higo, Christopher R. Logg, Lily Ja-Lu Jih, Toshiaki Shichinohe, Erik Harboe-Schmidt, Kohnosuke Mitani, Noriyuki Kasahara
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2002)

We have developed a novel vector system that uses a helper-dependent adenoviral vector as a carrier to deliver a fully functional retrovirus vector. The helper-dependent adenovirus (HDAd) can accommodate large inserts, provide high titers, and infect nondividing as well as dividing cells. However, adenoviral DNA is rarely integrated into the host cell genome, and its episomal expression is transient. Therefore we inserted a replication-competent, ecotropic retrovirus vector containing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene as a second-stage component. The well-characterized host species tropism of each vector component provided a stringent biological assay system that demonstrates the two-stage transduction mechanism of the hybrid vector, because the adenovirus stage can efficiently transduce human cells but cannot replicate in murine cells, and conversely, the ecotropic retrovirus stage cannot enter human cells but can efficiently proliferate in murine cells, resulting in permanent integration and progressive spread of reporter gene expression. We have developed a novel vector system that uses a helper-dependent adenoviral vector as a carrier to deliver a fully functional retrovirus vector. The helper-dependent adenovirus (HDAd) can accommodate large inserts, provide high titers, and infect nondividing as well as dividing cells. However, adenoviral DNA is rarely integrated into the host cell genome, and its episomal expression is transient. Therefore we inserted a replication-competent, ecotropic retrovirus vector containing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene as a second-stage component. The well-characterized host species tropism of each vector component provided a stringent biological assay system that demonstrates the two-stage transduction mechanism of the hybrid vector, because the adenovirus stage can efficiently transduce human cells but cannot replicate in murine cells, and conversely, the ecotropic retrovirus stage cannot enter human cells but can efficiently proliferate in murine cells, resulting in permanent integration and progressive spread of reporter gene expression.
New Labour, new NHS?
Authors: J. Dixon, N. Mays
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Since May the new Labour government has repeatedly pledged to abolish the reforms of the NHS carried out by the previous Conservative government in 1991. The internal market, competition, the business ethic, and general practitioner fundholding would be swept away and bureaucracy and inequities in access to care reduced. But with no new big idea to hand akin to the radical changes of 1991, and with an awareness that not all the reforms were bad after all,1 2 this government had a problem. Should it believe its own rhetoric and reverse most of the changes, as promised, without anything new to replace them? Or should it swallow its pride, concede that some features of the internal market were worth keeping, and build on the best?

The result, published last week in the white paper, The New NHS ,3 is, of course, a compromise. The rhetoric is that the internal market, which supposedly resulted in damaging competition, has been abolished. In reality, competition was weak, the purchaser-provider split will remain, and purchasers will still have some choice between providers. So what's new?

Quite a lot. The main change concerns primary care. The chief responsibility for purchasing health care will move from the current 100 health authorities, 3600 fundholders, and 90 total purchasing pilots to 500 primary care groups each covering “natural communities” of roughly 100 000 people. Primary care groups are to consist of groups of general practitioners (around 50) and community nurses which will eventually hold a budget for virtually all hospital and community health services for the area plus the cash limited part of the general medical services budget—for example, for prescriptions and practice staffing. Health authorities will continue to purchase only selected specialist services, and fundholding will be scrapped from April 1999. The plan is for …
Facial Pain: A Clinical Study With Special Reference to the Symptomatology, Aetiology, and Surgical Therapy
Authors: C. Keith Whittaker
Journal: JAMA (1965)

While this paperback monograph will not appeal to a general medical readership, neurosurgeons may find it of interest. The clinical experience with hospitalized patients over a roughly three-year period is inspected with meticulous detail. All patients presenting with facial pain the author has divided into three groups: typical trigeminal neuralgia (paroxysmal,... lasting for seconds, and periods of complete freedom from pain), atypical trigeminal neuralgia (longer lasting pains of a different character during the intervals or paroxysmal pain lasting for minutes), and non-neuralgiform pain (constant or attacks... for hours or days). In each of these three groups nearly every possible characteristic of pain is evaluated for intergroup comparison. Regarding the importance of the temporomandibular joint to facial pain, the study is impaired by lack of convincing objective evidence for the diagnosis of arthrosis. Finally, the results of surgical treatment of 473 patients with trigeminal neuralgia and 144 patients with non-neuralgiform pain