tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transcatheter Aortic Valves — Where Do We Go from Here?
Authors: Harold L. Lazar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Aortic-valve replacement is the most effective treatment to alleviate symptoms and improve survival in patients with critical aortic stenosis. The incidence of aortic stenosis multiplies with age, and as the life span of our population increases, a larger number of elderly patients will require aortic-valve replacement. However, a substantial number of these patients will have coexisting conditions that preclude surgery. Since outcomes with medical management are uniformly poor, a less invasive and safer alternative to surgical aortic-valve replacement is needed for this expanding group of patients. Transcatheter aortic-valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged as an alternative treatment for aortic stenosis in . . .
Treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Authors: K R Lees, P C Rubin
Journal: BMJ (1987)

with a beaming, knowing smile by a ward sister whom I recognised as having been one of Cecilia's favourite pupils.This time the Koplik's spots were there. Single but not slightedCecilia was graded "nurse in charge," never "sister."Why?She had never sat any examinations-she was "too busy for that sort of nonsense"-but they could not upgrade her to sister-or so it seemed-without the examinations.Not for the first or last time various of her admirers petitioned the matron and superintendent and begged them to find a way round the regulations."There's no ward like ward 20," I argued."I go in there at night to do my final ward round and every child is asleep.Where else in this hospital is that true?" "Ah!" said the matron, "but have you ever really examined how much brandy you sign for?"Cecilia was never made "sister" but she was designated "nurse in charge" of various wards where nursing of babies was specially important.She had health problems but they were never allowed to hinder her work.I recall our farewell."You never married," I said to Cecilia."No," she answered, "I never had the notion or the time.I will go single to the grave; but you might like to know: I have not been neglected.
Generalized dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: identification of a novel, homozygous glycine substitution, G2031S, in exon 73 of<i>COL7A1</i>in monozygous triplets
Authors: E.J. Nordal, S. Mecklenbeck, I. Hausser, J. Skranes, L. Bruckner-Tuderman, T. Gedde-Dahl Jr
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Generalized dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: identification of a novel, homozygous glycine substitution, G2031S, in exon 73 of COL7A1 in monozygous triplets Get access E.J. Nordal, E.J. Nordal Departments of Dermatology and Paediatrics, Ullevål Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Dr Eli Johanne Nordal. E‐mail: eli.nordal@ulleval.no Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Mecklenbeck, S. Mecklenbeck Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. Hausser, I. Hausser Electron Microscopic Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Skranes, J. Skranes Departments of Dermatology and Paediatrics, Ullevål Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Bruckner‐Tuderman, L. Bruckner‐Tuderman Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Gedde‐Dahl Jr T. Gedde‐Dahl Jr Institute of Forensic Medicine and Dermatological DNA Laboratory, Department of Dermatology, Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 1, 1 January 2001, Pages 151–157, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.03966.x Published: 01 January 2001
Mite‐allergen exposure and spontaneous histamine release in monosensitive and polysensitive mite‐allergic patients
Authors: A. Weyer, F. de Blay, C. Hirth, F. Marchand, F. Tekaia, G. Pauli, B. David
Journal: Allergy (1993)

Forty‐three patients allergic to mites and suffering mainly from asthma were recruited: 25 were mite‐monosensitive and 18 were polysensitive, as determined by skin tests and specific serum IgE determinations with various allergens. In vitro spontaneous histamine release (SHR) by washed blood basophils was measured once or several times for each patient. Throughout this study, the mean periods of high and low mite‐allergen exposure were defined on the basis of relative indoor humidity and temperature data. For the mite‐monosensitive patients, there was a significant increase in mean SHR during the season of high mite‐allergen exposure as compared to the months of lower mite‐allergen presence ( P &lt; 0.002). No significant difference between mean SHR values was observed when comparing the monosensitive group during the season of high mite‐allergen exposure with polysensitive patients (allergic to mite and pollen) during the period of exposure to both allergens. Differences in mean SHR reported here emphasize the positive relationship between intense allergen exposure and the in vitro SHR increase in blood basophils of mite‐allergic patients.
Artificial Neural Network–Based Method of Screening Heart Murmurs in Children
Authors: Curt G. DeGroff, Sanjay Bhatikar, Jean Hertzberg, Robin Shandas, Lilliam Valdes-Cruz, Roop L. Mahajan
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Early recognition of heart disease is an important goal in pediatrics. Efforts in developing an inexpensive screening device that can assist in the differentiation between innocent and pathological heart murmurs have met with limited success. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are valuable tools used in complex pattern recognition and classification tasks. The aim of the present study was to train an ANN to distinguish between innocent and pathological murmurs effectively. Methods and Results —Using an electronic stethoscope, heart sounds were recorded from 69 patients (37 pathological and 32 innocent murmurs). Sound samples were processed using digital signal analysis and fed into a custom ANN. With optimal settings, sensitivities and specificities of 100% were obtained on the data collected with the ANN classification system developed. For future unknowns, our results suggest the generalization would improve with better representation of all classes in the training data. Conclusion —We demonstrated that ANNs show significant potential in their use as an accurate diagnostic tool for the classification of heart sound data into innocent and pathological classes. This technology offers great promise for the development of a device for high-volume screening of children for heart disease.
PHYSICAL SCIENCE AND THE LIVING ORGANISM
Authors: A. V. Hill
Journal: BMJ (1921)

the paragraph devoted to the subject " Peritonitis " that "the patient must be kept under the influence of opiates for two days at least," we are a little apt to overlook many of the other merits of the volume.A surprisingly large number of scientiflc workers are unable even to join a glass tube or make a T-piece that will not crack spontaneously, and it is to them that the Handbook of Laboratory Glass-blowing," by Mr. BERNARD BOLAS, is addressed.A complete outline of the methods used in making commercial apparatus is not attempted, but by following its many valuable directions and hints the student should achieve increasing success in his efforts to manipulate glass in the laboratory.
Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Chinese Herbal Medicine
Authors: Alan Bensoussan, Nick J. Talley, Michael Hing, Ross Menzies, Anna Guo, Meng Ngu
Journal: JAMA (1998)

<h3>Context.—</h3> Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional bowel disorder for which there is no reliable medical treatment. <h3>Objective.—</h3> To determine whether Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is of any benefit in the treatment of IBS. <h3>Design.—</h3> Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted during 1996 through 1997. <h3>Setting.—</h3> Patients were recruited through 2 teaching hospitals and 5 private practices of gastroenterologists, and received CHM in 3 Chinese herbal clinics. <h3>Patients.—</h3> A total of 116 patients who fulfilled the Rome criteria, an established standard for diagnosis of IBS. <h3>Intervention.—</h3> Patients were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 treatment groups: individualized Chinese herbal formulations (n=38), a standard Chinese herbal formulation (n=43), or placebo (n=35). Patients received 5 capsules 3 times daily for 16 weeks and were evaluated regularly by a traditional Chinese herbalist and by a gastroenterologist. Patients, gastroenterologists, and herbalists were all blinded to treatment group. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.—</h3> Change in total bowel symptom scale scores and global improvement assessed by patients and gastroenterologists and change in the degree of interference in life caused by IBS symptoms assessed by patients. <h3>Results.—</h3> Compared with patients in the placebo group, patients in the active treatment groups (standard and individualized CHM) had significant improvement in bowel symptom scores as rated by patients (<i>P</i>= .03) and by gastroenterologists (<i>P</i>= .001), and significant global improvement as rated by patients (<i>P</i>=.007) and by gastroenterologists (<i>P</i>=.002). Patients reported that treatment significantly reduced the degree of interference with life caused by IBS symptoms (<i>P</i>=.03). Chinese herbal formulations individually tailored to the patient proved no more effective than standard CHM treatment. On follow-up 14 weeks after completion of treatment, only the individualized CHM treatment group maintained improvement. <h3>Conclusion.—</h3> Chinese herbal formulations appear to offer improvement in symptoms for some patients with IBS.
Intracranial suppurative disease. Early presumptive diagnosis and successful treatment without surgery
Authors: H. S. Heineman
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The limiting factor in the prognosis of patients with intracranial abscess is the irreversible damage done before treatment is instituted. Six cases of documented focal intracranial infection in which abscess development was either aborted or reversed stress the feasibility of early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic therapy without surgery. Early diagnosis is based on severe headache, with or without focal neurologic symptoms, in patients with extracranial suppurative focuses, and is confirmed by focal electroencephalographic changes. Even without bacteriologic examination of cranial contents, penicillin G potassium and tetracycline hydrochloride or chloramphenicol sodium succinate can confidently be used, unless a resistant bacterium has been identified in the blood or extracranial focus. Focal signs appearing early in treatment do not necessarily presage failure, but deterioration in level of consciousness probably indicates the need for surgical decompression. Long-term prognosis following nonsurgical treatment is good.
Medium-term bioassays for carcinogenicity of chemical mixtures.
Authors: N Ito, K Imaida, M Hirose, T Shirai
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Carcinogenic effects of chemical mixtures were examined with a medium-term liver bioassay for carcinogens or a multiorgan medium-term bioassay using male F344 rats. In the medium-term liver bioassay, rats were initially treated with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) at 200 mg/kg body weight, i.p.; after 2 weeks they received chemical mixtures such as 10 different heterocyclic amines at one-tenth or one-hundredth the dose levels used in carcinogenicity studies and the mixtures of 20 different pesticides, each at acceptable daily intake (ADI) levels or a mixture of 100 times ADI levels. All animals were subjected to two-thirds partial hepatectomy at week 3 and were sacrificed at week 8. The number and areas of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive foci (preneoplastic lesions in the liver) were compared between respective groups. When 10 heterocyclic amines were mixed in the diet at one-tenth dose level, clear synergism was observed, but no combined effects were evident with the one-hundredth dose levels. In the pesticide experiment, treatment of rats with the 20-pesticide mixture at the ADI dose level did not enhance GST-P-positive foci. In contrast, a mixture of 100 times the ADI significantly increased those values. In a multiorgan bioassay of 28 weeks, mixtures of 40 high-volume compounds and 20 pesticides (suspected carcinogens) added together at their respective ADI levels did not enhance carcinogenesis in any organs initiated by five different carcinogens (DEN, N-methylnitrosourea, dimethylhydrazine, N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine, and dihydroxy-di-n-propylnitrosamine) in combination. The combination effect of low dietary levels of five antioxidants, butylated hydroxyanisole, caffeic acid, sesamol, 4-methoxyphenol, and catechol, were also examined using the multiorgan bioassay. The incidence of forestomach papillomas was significantly increased only in the combination group and the results indicate that combination of the five antioxidants can exert additive/synergistic effects on tumorigenesis in the multiorgan bioassay. These results indicate that chemical mixtures at very low doses did not enhance preneoplastic lesions synergistically but the mixtures at certain doses show synergism in the target organ. The medium-term bioassays are particularly useful tools for this purpose.
Comparative analysis of bovine extracts by immunoblotting and ELISA inhibition
Authors: J. Ylönen, J. Nuutinen, P. Ruoppi, R. Mäntyjärvi, T. Virtanen
Journal: Allergy (1990)

Bovine epithelial and urine antigen extratcts were compared using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent (ELISA) inhibition assay and sodium‐dodecyl‐sulfate‐polyaerylanmide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE.) with immunoblotting. Accroding to ELISA inhibition results, the two extracts share about 2% of their antigenic components. Urine‐derived antigens seem to be antigenically closer to serum proteins than epithelial antigens were directed mainly against a protein of 20 kD, while non‐ allergy farmers had only very weak reactions. Generally, the IgG responses of allergic farmers against epithelial antigens were directed mainly against a protein of 20 kD, while non allergic farmers had only very weak reactions. Generally, the IgG response against urinary antigens farmers reacted with a band at 20 kD in IgE immunoblotting against urinary and epithelial antigen while all non‐allergic farmers showed negative results.
Migratory activity of human smooth muscle cells cultivated from coronary and peripheral primary and restenotic lesions removed by percutaneous atherectomy.
Authors: G Bauriedel, U Windstetter, S J DeMaio, R Kandolf, B Höfling
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND The successful cultivation of human smooth muscle cells (SMC) from coronary and peripheral atherosclerotic lesions removed by percutaneous directional atherectomy is described. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixty-seven patients in whom plaque material was obtained compose the study population. A total of 73 lesions from both coronary (n = 38) and peripheral (n = 35) arteries of primary (n = 50) and restenotic origin (n = 23) were studied. Successful cultivation was significantly (p less than 0.001) dependent on the quantity of plaque material submitted. Fifty-five percent of patients in whom atherectomy specimens were removed from coronary lesions yielded an adequate SMC population in comparison to 89% of those from peripheral arteries (p less than 0.01). Cultivation was not dependent on the age and sex of patients, lesion origin, risk factors, medications, or incidence of unstable angina. In an attempt to quantify SMC activity, migratory velocity was measured with a computer-assisted motion analysis system. SMC migratory velocity was found to be significantly (p less than 0.001) greater in restenotic than in primary plaque material. This finding was confirmed for both coronary and peripheral lesions. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that elevated SMC migratory activity may be an important mechanism in the development of restenotic lesions.
Endocervical adenocarcinoma and vulval Paget's disease: a significant association
Authors: P. H. McKEE, K. T. HERTOGS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Extra‐mammary Paget's disease is an uncommon entity. It has been associated with an underlying sweat gland carcinoma. This paper presents a patient with metastatic endocervical carcinoma and vulval Paget's disease. We believe that the Paget's disease developed as a direct consequence of the cervical tumour. In patients with extra‐mammary Paget's disease with no sweat gland carcinoma a careful search to exclude other primary malignant tumours is advised.
CONGENITAL ABNORMALITIES OF THE URINARY TRACT IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: HENRY F. HELMHOLZ
Journal: JAMA (1927)

In preparing a recent report on chronic pyelitis, I was impressed by the number of cases in which congenital anomalies of the urinary tract played a part in the infection. It seemed of interest, therefore, to review such abnormalities observed at the Mayo Clinic in the last six years. In 1924, Bugbee and Wollstein, 1 writing on the surgical pathology of the urinary tract in infants, stressed the frequency with which congenital anomalies of the urinary tract were encountered in a series of 4,903 necropsies. Lesions were found in 117 cases, 101 of which were probably congenital. A clinical diagnosis of disease of the urinary tract was made before death in only two cases; in one of these congenital cystic kidney was diagnosed, in the other hydronephrosis. It is difficult to estimate the number of cases in which death was caused by disease of the urinary tract and the number
Keeping alive the “jazba”
Authors: Murad M Khan
Journal: BMJ (2006)

T he October 2005 earthquake in northern Pakistan traumatised the nation. More than 73 000 people were killed and 3.5 million rendered homeless. As part of the global response to the disaster, many Western mental health professionals of Pakistani origin offered help. Many had left the country years ago, but the earthquake made them return, albeit only for a short time.

What moved them? The emotional bond or guilt for abandoning their parent country? One psychiatrist from the US explained “this was our Katrina [US hurricane] and we had to do something.” Whatever it was, there was an incredible “jazba” (spirit) and a desire to help. Many professionals worked in the makeshift camps which housed the survivors, others with children in tented schools. But what …
Myelodysplastic syndromes: 2014 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management
Authors: Guillermo Garcia‐Manero
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2014)

Disease overview : The myelodysplastic (MDS) are a very heterogeneous group of myeloid disorders characterized by peripheral blood cytopenias and increased risk of transformation to acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). MDS occurs more frequently in older male and in individuals with prior exposure to cytotoxic therapy. Diagnosis : Diagnosis of MDS is based on morphological evidence of dysplasia upon visual examination of a bone marrow aspirate and biopsy. Information obtained from additional studies such as karyotype, flow cytometry or molecular genetics is complementary but not diagnostic. Risk‐stratification : Prognosis of patients with MDS can be calculated using a number of scoring systems. In general, all these scoring systems include analysis of peripheral cytopenias, percentage of blasts in the bone marrow and cytogenetic characteristics. The most commonly used system is the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS). IPSS is likely to be replaced by a new revised score (IPSS‐R) and by the incorporation of new molecular markers recently described. Risk‐adapted therapy : Therapy is selected based on risk, transfusion needs, percent of bone marrow blasts and more recently cytogenetic profile. Goals of therapy are different in lower risk patients than in higher risk. In lower risk, the goal is to decrease transfusion needs and transformation to higher risk disease or AML, as well as to improve survival. In higher risk, the goal is to prolong survival. Current available therapies include growth factor support, lenalidomide, hypomethylating agents, intensive chemotherapy, and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The use of lenalidomide has significant clinical activity in patients with lower risk disease, anemia, and a chromosome 5 alteration. 5‐Azacitidine and decitabine have activity in higher risk MDS. 5‐Azacitidine has been shown to improve survival in higher risk MDS. A number of new molecular lesions have been described in MDS that may serve as new therapeutic targets or aid in the selection of currently available agents. Additional supportive care measures may include the use of prophylactic antibiotics and iron chelation. Management of progressive or refractory disease : There are no approved interventions for patients with progressive or refractory disease particularly after hypomethylating based therapy. Options include cytarabine based therapy, transplantation and participation on a clinical trial. Am. J. Hematol. 89:98–108, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coronary Heart Disease and Hypertension in the White Mountain Apache Tribe
Authors: NATHAN J. CLIFFORD, JOHN J. KELLY, THOMAS F. LEO, HOWARD A. EDER
Journal: Circulation (1963)

Investigation of the members of the White Mountain Apache Tribe has confirmed our clinical experience that coronary artery disease is extremely rare in these people. The Apaches eat a diet low in saturated fat and have a correspondingly low mean serum cholesterol level. Older Apache males tend to have lower cholesterols than the younger men. A surprisingly high prevalence of high blood pressure was found, particularly in young men. A brief discussion of similar studies is included. Further investigation of this relatively stable socioeconomic and racial group is needed.
Rehabilitation Management of Rheumatic Conditions
Authors: A. Chamberlain
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

Book reviews the skin represents an accurate estimation of intra- articular temperature.As the author states, the lack of evidence for a correlation between intraarticular and overlying skin temperature is rather disquieting.These few examples should serve to illustrate what a stimulating set of reviews this book comprises.At the price it must be one of the top priorities in the selection of book buys.
Clinical presentation of HIV infection in patients aged 50 years or older
Authors: J. Ena, V. Valls, J. López Aldeguer, M. del Pilar García Gascó, S. Añón, V. Navarro, R. Sánchez, V. Boix, J. Portilla, P. Roig, M. del Mar Masiá, A. Maestre Peiró
Journal: Journal of Infection (1998)
Brain Death: Reconciling Definitions, Criteria, and Tests
Authors: Amir Halevy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Brain death has been discussed extensively for the last 25 years. Most investigators now believe that requiring death of the entire brain as the criterion for brain death in the Uniform Determination of Death Act and the standard clinical tests of brain death outlined in the Report of the Medical Consultants to the President's Commission have produced a satisfactory resolution of the issues surrounding the determination of death. However, we show that satisfying the standard medical tests does not guarantee that all brain functions have actually ceased and that there is tension between the legal criterion and the standard clinical tests. After considering and rejecting six possible reconciliations, we present an alternative approach that does not acknowledge any sharp dichotomy between life and death and incorporates the proposition that the questions of when care can be unilaterally discontinued, when organs can be harvested, and when a patient is ready for the services of an undertaker should be answered independent of any single account of death.