tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The risk of nail changes with taxane chemotherapy: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis
Authors: K. Capriotti, J.A. Capriotti, S. Lessin, S. Wu, S. Goldfarb, V.R. Belum, M.E. Lacouture
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: S.W. has a speaking arrangement with Novartis, Bayer‐Onyx, Pfizer and Medivation, Inc. M.E.L. has a speaking, consultant or advisory role with Advancell, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Augmentium, Aveo, Bayer, Berg Pharma, Biopharm Communications, Boehringer Ingelheim, Brickell Biotech, Bristol‐Myers Squibb, Clinical Assistance Programs, Clinical Care Options, EMD Serono, Envision Communications, Foamix, Galderma, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Helsinn, Institute for Medical Education and Research, Lindi Skin, Medscape, Medtrend International, Merck, NeRRe Therapeutics, Novartis, Novocure, Oncology Specialty Group, OSI Pharmaceuticals, Physicians Education Resource, Pierre Fabre, Pfizer, Reata Pharmaceuticals, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi Aventis and Threshold Pharmaceuticals. Dear Editor, Taxanes are an established and powerful class of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents that exhibit a wide spectrum of activity against solid tumours including breast, ovarian, lung, head and neck, stomach, pancreatic and prostate cancers.1,2,3 This antitubulin/antimitotic class of drugs includes paclitaxel, docetaxel and the newer nanoparticle albumin‐bound (nab)‐paclitaxel.4 The range of dermatological adverse events (AEs) is broad and includes nail changes such as hyperpigmentation, discolouration, splinter haemorrhages, subungual haematomas and Beau lines.5 Periungual erythema, oedema, exudation and granulation tissue are other nail‐related AEs that could potentially result in partial/total onycholysis and subungual abscesses, and represent the more common and often dose‐limiting changes.6
Preliminary report: the effect of a 6-month dietary glycemic index manipulation in addition to healthy eating advice and weight loss on arterial compliance and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure in men: a pilot study
Authors: Elena Philippou, Candace Bovill-Taylor, Chakravarthi Rajkumar, Maria Luisa Vampa, Eleana Ntatsaki, Audrey E. Brynes, Mary Hickson, Gary S. Frost
Journal: Metabolism (2009)
Crohn's disease and carcinoma of colon.
Authors: A. D. Perrett, S. C. Truelove, G. R. Massarella
Journal: BMJ (1968)

anastomosis, and this was resected.The sections of both large and small bowel were typical of Crohn's disease.She was admitted three times in 1960 with recurrent fistulae-in- ano.Barium meal and follow-through examination showed a recurrence of Crohn's disease in the terminal ileum about 10 cm. in length (Special Plate, Fig. 1).This was resected, the diseased segment being histologically consistent with Crohn's disease.She was again admitted a year later with an eight-month history of loss of weight and diarrhoea.She had steatorrhoea with a faecal fat excretion of 16.7 g./24 hours and evidence of multiple deficien- cies.She was given full replacement therapy and intermittent corticosteroids, and has remained well since then apart from fistulae-in-ano in 1964 and 1965 which were treated surgically.She was last seen in October 1967, when she was very well apart from mild diarrhoea.Case 2
Prokaryotic peptides that block leukocyte adherence to selectins.
Authors: E Rozdzinski, W N Burnette, T Jones, V Mar, E Tuomanen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Pertussis toxin binds target cells through the carbohydrate recognition properties of two subunits, S2 and S3, which share amino acid sequence similarity with the lectin domains of the eukaryotic selectin family. Selectins appear on inflamed endothelial cells and promote rolling of leukocytes by reversibly binding carbohydrates. S2, S3, and synthetic peptides representing their carbohydrate recognition domains competitively inhibited adherence of neutrophils to selectin-coated surfaces and to endothelial cells in vitro. These proteins and peptides also rapidly upregulated the function of the leukocyte integrin CD11b/CD18. These findings implicate mimicry of eukaryotic selectins by prokaryotic adhesive ligands and link the mechanisms underlying leukocyte trafficking to microbial pathogenesis.
Prospective Study of Sleep-disordered Breathing and Hypertension
Authors: George T. O'Connor, Brian Caffo, Anne B. Newman, Stuart F. Quan, David M. Rapoport, Susan Redline, Helaine E. Resnick, Jonathan Samet, Eyal Shahar
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Cross-sectional epidemiologic studies show an association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension, but only one cohort study has examined sleep-disordered breathing as a risk factor for incident hypertension.
F-18 FDG PET-CT Imaging of a Mycotic Aneurysm
Authors: Jonathan M. Davison, Jaime L. Montilla-Soler, Erica Broussard, Ramey Wilson, Andrew Cap, Thomas Allen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

We present a case of a 74-year-old man with a history of a known 4.3-cm abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and recent sigmoid colectomy for colon cancer who presented with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, renal failure, and low-grade fever. The likely source of his bacteremia was an infected AAA, seeded hematogenously at the time of surgery. This diagnosis was confirmed by several different imaging modalities to include computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), indium-111 labeled white blood cell single-photon emission computed tomography (WBC-SPECT), and F-18 FDG positron emission tomography (PET). We demonstrate concordance among these modalities, including PET-CT, the newest addition to the mycotic aneurysm diagnostic armamentarium.
Hypothyroidism after treatment with ketoconazole.
Authors: N H Kitching
Journal: BMJ (1986)

tion be part of the treatment of anorexia nervosa?Even though only some patients show depletion of tissue zinc, all patients require zinc as they regain weight.In extreme cases ofweight loss, or when patients fail to gain weight, supplementation is probably indicated.Zinc supplementation of subjects who are not deficient, however, may cause copper deficiency with anaemia and may impair immunity.At present, therefore, widespread,treatment of anorexia nervosa with zinc is not indicated.
Reporting Impaired Physicians-Reply
Authors: David B. Reuben
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Ross' letter raises several questions about our case scenarios, the interpretation of our results, and suggestions for further research. In response to the question about the first scenario, the physician in this case had alcohol on his breath, was abusive on the telephone and in person, and had had similar encounters with another resident. We believe that this scenario raised enough questions about alcohol impairment in this physician to cause the residents to consider taking action. Our consultants who reviewed the case agreed, and obviously the house officers did by their responses in the study. In the second case, the resident had several months' experience caring for patients of an attending physician who was widely regarded as incompetent. Once again, this impression was confirmed by colleagues. We deliberately decided against including detrimental effects on patients in the case scenario because it might have been too persuasive in
TIPS versus drug therapy in preventing variceal rebleeding in advanced cirrhosis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Àngels Escorsell, Rafael Bañares, Juan Carlos García-Pagán, Rosa Gilabert, Eduardo Moitinho, Belén Piqueras, Concepció Bru, Antonio Echenagusia, Alicia Granados, Jaume Bosch
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Prevention of variceal rebleeding is mandatory in cirrhotic patients. We compared the efficacy, safety, and cost of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) versus pharmacologic therapy in preventing variceal rebleeding in patients with advanced cirrhosis. A total of 91 Child-Pugh class B/C cirrhotic patients surviving their first episode of variceal bleeding were randomized to receive TIPS (n = 47) or drug therapy (propranolol + isosorbide-5-mononitrate) (n = 44) to prevent variceal rebleeding. Mean follow-up was 15 months. Rebleeding occurred in 6 (13%) TIPS-treated patients versus 17 (39%) drug-treated patients ( P = .007). The 2-year rebleeding probability was 13% versus 49% ( P = .01). A similar number of reinterventions were required in the 2 groups; these were mainly angioplasty ± restenting in the TIPS group (90 of 98) and endoscopic therapy for rebleeding in the medical group (45 of 62) (not significant). Encephalopathy was more frequent in TIPS than in drug-treated patients (38% vs. 14%, P = .007). Child-Pugh class improved more frequently in drug-treated than in TIPS-treated patients (72% vs. 45%; P = .04). The 2-year survival probability was identical (72%). The identified cost of therapy was double for TIPS-treated patients. In summary, medical therapy was less effective than TIPS in preventing rebleeding. However, it caused less encephalopathy, identical survival, and more frequent improvement in Child-Pugh class with lower costs than TIPS in high-risk cirrhotic patients. This suggests that TIPS should not be used as a first-line treatment, but as a rescue for failures of medical/endoscopic treatments (first-option therapies).
Venous thromboembolic prophylaxis for transurethral prostatectomy: practice among British urologists
Authors: A Golash, P W Collins, H G Kynaston, B J Jenkins
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an occasional cause of death after transurethral prostatectomy but there are no established guidelines for its prevention in relation to this operation. We assessed practice in the UK by mailing a questionnaire to 460 consultant members of the British Association of Urological Surgeons. 362 (79%) completed questionnaires were received. 280 of 362 (77%) respondents routinely used VTE prophylaxis with transurethral prostatectomy; 82 (23%) did not. 230 of the 280 urologists who took precautions used mechanical methods; 50 used low dose heparin, either with stockings or alone. This survey indicates that, despite a lack of clear evidence, most British urologists favour some form of precaution against VTE in patients undergoing transurethral prostatectomy.
Microdialysis methodology for the measurement of dermal interstitial fluid in humans
Authors: A. L. KROGSTAD, P.-A. JANSSON, P. GISSLÉN, P. LÖNNROTH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

In this study we aimed to validate the microdialysis technique for metabolic measurements in the dermal interstitial fluid. The abdominal and forearm skin was used for microdialysis in 15 healthy normal weight volunteers. The depth of the microdialysis catheter was assessed by ultrasound measurement. Structural impairment and blood flow were judged from biopsies and from laser Doppler measurements taken adjacent to the catheters. Dermal interstitial lactate and pyruvate concentrations were measured, under steady state fasting conditions, after equilibrium calibration of each catheter in situ. The dermal interstitial glucose concentration was estimated by means of the retrodialysis calibration method, which has previously not been evaluated for skin microdialysis. The mean catheter depth (+/- standard deviation) was 0.8 +/- 0.3 mm. Small areas of localized bleeding, but no inflammatory reaction, was found surrounding the catheters. The perfusion in the microdialysis region was slightly increased (15-25%). The lactate/pyruvate ratio (12 +/- 0.7) showed non-ischaemic values. The dermal interstitial lactate concentration was significantly higher (1171 +/- 228 mumol/l) than the plasma lactate (781 +/- 180 mumol/l), indicating an ongoing nonoxidative glucose metabolism. Retrodialysis calibration correctly estimated the dermal glucose level to be similar to that in plasma, which may indicate the usefulness of this calibration method for microdialysis studies of endogenous substrates in the dermal interstitial fluid.
Campaign is launched to make patients the focus of evidence based medicine
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Doctors’ social functions have been replaced by templates and algorithms, leaving patients sidelined and overtreated, one of the architects of a new movement to put patients at the centre of evidence based medicine has said.

Clinical care has become “medicalised and bureaucratised,” said Trish Greenhalgh at the launch of the Campaign for Real EBM on 3 July at a conference organised by BioMed Central on health services research. Greenhalgh is professor of primary healthcare and dean for research impact at Queen Mary college, University of London.

Greenhalgh acknowledged the “huge importance” of evidence based guidelines. Incentivising GPs to identify and treat undiagnosed hypertension through the NHS’s Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) for primary care had served to prevent countless strokes, she said. “But add 150 …
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analog Design. Structure-Function Studies Toward the Development of Agonists and Antagonists: Rationale and Perspective
Authors: MARVIN J. KARTEN, JEAN E. RIVIER
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1986)

ON JUNE 24, 1971, Andrew V. Schally announced the determination of the primary structure of porcine GnRH at The Endocrine Society Meeting in San Francisco. This announcement was followed by publications by Matsuo et al. (1, 2) and Baba et al. (3) on the proposed amino acid sequence for porcine GnRH and its synthesis and by Burgus et al. (4) who characterized ovine GnRH and found the sequence to be identical with that of porcine GnRH. The physiological and therapeutic importance attributed to the discovery of the new substance was greatly increased by the prospect of the design of potent and long acting GnRH agonists and antagonists. Since that time more than 2000 analogs of GnRH have been synthesized. The impact of research of GnRH and its analogs on clinical medicine recently led Ziporyn (5) to note, "There's almost no subspecialty of medicine that will be left untouched by the [research] advances associated with LHRH or its analogs." It is the intent of this article to provide a historical review of the major, and some minor, aspects of the chemical development of GnRH agonists and antagonists up to the present state of development (July 1, 1985). The synthetic chemical efforts have been devoted largely to increasing the affinity of the peptides to the GnRH receptor and their resistance to degradation or elimination in in vivo systems, characteristics which, for the GnRH analogs, are generally interrelated.
Nitric oxide and sepsis
Authors: Csaba Szabo, Robert Kilbourn
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —Drs Cobb and Danner 1 describe 2 case reports and provide an overview of the literature that is presented in an unbalanced perspective and is inconsistent with the available knowledge in the field. Although the review quotes many references, much of the basis for the conclusions are from 2 experiments, both originating from the authors' own laboratory. As a result, the authors tend to look at the field as a whole in the perspective of these 2 reports, which have major flaws.  First, the dose of endotoxin used to induce lethality is 400 times greater than the dose that causes moderate to severe hypotension in dogs. Indeed, the same group worked diligently for years to develop a sepsis model using an intraperitoneal septic clot that more closely simulates the human cardiovascular response than the endotoxin bolus model. Interestingly, when they finally used the clot model to study
Optical Mapping of Ventricular Defibrillation in Isolated Swine Right Ventricles
Authors: Nina C. Wang, Moon-Hyoung Lee, Toshihiko Ohara, Yuji Okuyama, Gregory A. Fishbein, Shien-Fong Lin, Hrayr S. Karagueuzian, Peng-Sheng Chen
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background — Investigators who studied ventricular defibrillation by use of optical mapping techniques failed to observe an initial defibrillation event (isoelectric window or quiescent period) shown by electrode mapping studies. This discrepancy has important implications for the mechanisms of defibrillation. The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate an optical equivalent of an isoelectric window after a near-threshold defibrillation shock. Methods and Results — We studied 10 isolated, perfused swine right ventricles. Upper limit of vulnerability was determined by shocks on T waves. A 50% probability of successful defibrillation (DFT50) was determined with an up-down algorithm. Immediately after unsuccessful defibrillation shock, new wavefronts were generated. When the shock strength was low, immediate reinitiation of reentry and ventricular fibrillation might occur without a postshock isoelectric window. However, if the shock strength was within 50 V of DFT50 (near-threshold), a synchronized activation occurred, followed by organized repolarization that ended 64±18 ms after shock. After a period of quiescence (18±24 ms), activation recurred 83±33 ms after shock and reinitiated ventricular fibrillation. Similar patterns of activation, including a quiescent period, were observed after shock was applied on the T wave of the paced beat that induced ventricular fibrillation. Upper limit of vulnerability correlated well with DFT50. Conclusions — In isolated swine right ventricles, an optical equivalent of an isoelectric window exists after near-threshold defibrillation shocks. These findings support the idea that a near-threshold defibrillation shock terminates all activation wavefronts but fails to halt ventricular fibrillation because the same shock reinitiates ventricular fibrillation after an isoelectric window.
Alcohol and Blood Pressure — A Drink a Day . . .
Authors: Ronald G. Victor, Jim Hansen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

The study in this issue of the Journal by Randin et al.1 demonstrates that alcohol is an acute pressor agent — a concept that may seem counterintuitive, since alcohol has historically been considered a vasodilator, causing cutaneous flushing and recommended as beneficial to patients with angina pectoris. On the basis of modern epidemiologic data, however, alcohol has been estimated by some to be responsible for as many as 10 percent of all cases of hypertension,2 more than the number resulting from all the so-called secondary causes considered together. The first substantial evidence of an association between alcohol intake and blood . . .
Control of Accidents in Rural Areas
Authors: J. A. Waller
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The original version of "Springfield Mountain,"<sup>1</sup>an old New England folk ballad, tells how a young man was bitten by a rattlesnake while plowing his fields, and how he died because first aid was not available. The final verse states, In the month of August, the twenty-first, When this sad accident was done, May this be a warning to you all To be prepared when God shall call. Although this song goes back to the year 1761, it has relevance to present rural America. The rural environment still is, in many ways, an overly hazardous environment. However, the occurrence of an "accident" need not inexorably lead to death as in the ballad. Man can intervene in many simple as well as sophisticated ways to prevent an "accident" from becoming an injury, and an injury from becoming a fatality. Finally, although much excellent research is being done to arrive at
A Nasal Irrigator, Intratracheal Spray and Laryngeal Applicator.
Authors: OTTO T. FREER
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The instruments here described have grown out of the needs of practice and have all seen lengthy service in my hands. To avoid the danger of fluid penetrating the middle ear, incident to the use of the nasal douche or syringe, I have devised the little irrigating tube shown in the cut. It is made of hard rubber, hence has some elasticity, and is perforated near its end by three minute holes, 1/64 inch in diameter. The tube is connected to a fountain syringe by the usual coupling for Eustachian catheters, and emits three tiny but forcible jets that are not large enough to flood the nose or nasopharynx, but undermine and wash adherent pus or crusts from these regions. I give the tube to the patient to use at home, and during many years of its employment have never had any complaint of ear symptoms, while the patients, even
Bone Marrow Transplantation for Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: E Kodish, J Lantos, C Stocking, P A Singer, M Siegler, F L Johnson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Bone marrow transplantation has been shown to cure sickle cell disease, but it carries a 15 percent mortality risk. To determine whether parents would accept this risk to cure their children of sickle cell disease, we interviewed parents of children with sickle cell disease who were being followed in a university hospital clinic.
Lactoperoxidase and Hydrogen Peroxide Metabolism in the Airway
Authors: Gregory E. Conner, Matthias Salathe, Rosanna Forteza
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<H2O2 SCAVENGING IN THE AI...AIRWAY PEROXIDASE REACTIO...SCN− IN AIRWAY SECRETIONSROLE OF LPO IN AIRWAY HOS...ReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Renal disease, epidermal necrosis, and epithelial cell antibodies.
Authors: J E Deal, R W Groves, A W Harmer, K I Welsh, D M MacDonald, S P Rigden
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To describe the association between epithelial cell IgM, which has previously been associated with an increased incidence of loss of renal graft in children, with a novel cutaneous eruption and unexplained native renal disease. DESIGN--Observational study on children with epithelial cell antibody presenting with unexplained renal or skin disease. SETTING--General paediatric department and regional paediatric nephrology unit. PATIENTS--Six children (five girls, one boy), who presented to the unit in 1989-90. RESULTS--Three children, two of whom had a history of a hyperpigmented rash, presented with hypertension, proteinuria, and impaired renal function. Renal biopsy specimens from two of these children showed severe arteriolar endothelial cell swelling with arteriolar occlusion. These children fully recovered after treatment with antihypertensive drugs. The third child developed end stage renal failure and required dialysis. Three other children presented with an unusual cutaneous eruption but no evidence of renal disease. Histology of the skin lesions showed acute epidermal necrosis and features consistent with a viral infection. CONCLUSIONS--The aetiology and pathogenesis of the epithelial cell antibody are unknown. These cases indicate that it may have a role in native kidney disease and focal epidermal necrosis. Clinical and histological features suggest that the antibody may be associated with a viral infection.