tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Effect of Probenecid (`Benemid') in Gout
Authors: R. M. Mason
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1954)

The discovery by Wollaston (1797) of uric acid in a gouty tophus, and the demonstration by Garrod (1848) that uric acid existed in excess amounts in the blood of gouty subjects, have not been followed as yet by any clear understanding of the precise relationship between this substance and the disease.In particular, the mechanism of production of the acute attack remains unexplained, and there exists a fascinating gap in our knowledge of the link between this striking clinical phenomenon and that relatively simple compound uric acid.Several reasons for this exist.Intervals between attacks may be as long as 62 years (Bauer, 1943), and it is therefore unusual to be able to observe the bio- chemical changes of an acute attack occurring for- tuitously.Artificially induced attacks are unsatis- factory; high purine or high fat diets may themselves affect blood uric acid levels (Br0chner- Mortensen, 1939; Bauer, 1943; Bauer and Klemperer, 1947; Marson, 1953), and, although acute attacks have been observed after the administration and with- drawal of ACTH (Hellman, 1949; Levin and others, 1953), this substance has a uricosuric action (Forsham and others, 1946, 1948; Robinson and others, 1948; Gutman and Yu, 1950; Thorn and others, 1950; Wolfson and others, 1950), which renders interpretation difficult.Furthermore, the complete clinical remissions which characterize gout render the necessary in-patient observation during these periods difficult to achieve, and the tendency is for only those patients who have reached the chronic stage to accept this.Secondly, the classical severity of the acute paroxysm, so graphically referred to in the literature (e.g. by Sydenham, 1683; and, in more recent years, by Wood-Jones, 1948, 1950) renders it impossible to observe an untreated acute attack.Finally, the development of reliable and practical biochemical methods for the quan- titative determination of uric acid in body fluids has proved difficult, and this is reflected in the massive copyright.
THE ANEMIA OF INFECTION. III. THE UPTAKE OF RADIO-ACTIVE IRON IN IRON-DEFICIENT AND IN PYRIDOXINE-DEFICIENT PIGS BEFORE AND AFTER ACUTE INFLAMMATION 1
Authors: M. M. Wintrobe, G. R. Greenberg, S. R. Humphreys, Helen Ashen-Brucker, Wanda Worth, Rae Kramer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1947)
Detection of minimal hepatic encephalopathy: Normalization and optimization of the Psychometric Hepatic Encephalopathy Score. A neuropsychological and quantified EEG study
Authors: Piero Amodio, Francesca Campagna, Stefania Olianas, Pamela Iannizzi, Daniela Mapelli, Marco Penzo, Paolo Angeli, Angelo Gatta
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
FRI0535 Depression is more common in patients with ankylosing spondylitis as compared to the general population seeking health-care
Authors: J. J. L. Meesters, A. B. Bremander, I. F. Petersson, S. Bergman, M. Englund
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) affects physical function and health related quality of life. Depression has been reported to be frequent in AS patients. However, available epidemiological data are limited and estimates of the potentially increase in risk are lacking. <h3>Objectives</h3> To compare the rate of doctor-diagnosed depression in a well-defined cohort of AS patients to the general health-care seeking population. <h3>Methods</h3> The Skåne Health Care Register comprises data from each single health care consultation in the Skåne County, Sweden (population 1.2 million). Data include information about date of consultation and all ICD-10 diagnoses. Linking this register to the Swedish population register adds data regarding death and residency. We studied all patients who were registered with an AS diagnosis (ICD-10 code M45) at least once during 4 calendar years (2004 to 2007). To obtain depression rates we calculated the person-time from the day after the first occurrence of the AS diagnosis within the study period until the day of diagnosis of depression (F32 or F33) or another censoring event (death/relocation). We then obtained standardized depression-rate ratios by dividing the observed depression rate in AS patients by the expected rate based on the corresponding age- and sex specific rates of doctor-diagnosed depression in the general population of the county seeking care (reference population). A ratio &gt;1 equals a higher rate of depression among AS patients than in the reference population of corresponding age and sex distribution. <h3>Results</h3> We identified 935 AS patients, 67.2% men, mean age (SD) 52.3 (14.8) years. The reference population consisted of 761,210 subjects. During the 4-year observation period 10% (n=94) of the AS cohort had a doctor-diagnosed depression compared to 7% (n=66) to be expected based on data from the reference population. The standardized depression-rate ratio in men (1.41, 95% CI 1.04–1.87) and women with AS (1.43, 95% CI 1.05–1.91) were both significantly elevated in the same order of magnitude (Table). <h3>Image/graph</h3> <h3>Conclusions</h3> The rate of doctor-diagnosed depression was increased by about 40% in both male and female AS patients compared to the general population seeking care. Future challenges are to identify and treat the AS patients who suffer from depression as early as possible. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Role of Toxigenic and Invasive Bacteria in Acute Diarrhea of Childhood
Authors: Richard L. Guerrant, Roger A. Moore, Paul M. Kirschenfeld, Merle A. Sande
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

The cause of pediatric diarrhea in Brazil was investigated with use of assays for toxigenic and invasive bacteria. Potential etiologic agents were identified in 31 of 40 consecutive children with diarrhea: toxigenic Escherichia coli or klebsiella in 20 patients (50 per cent); invasive Esch, coli or salmonella in four (10 per cent), and both toxigenic and invasive organisms in seven (18 per cent). Fecal leukocytes were present in nine of the 11 patients (82 per cent) with invasive pathogens. All 27 patients with toxigenic isolates had organisms that produced heat-labile cholera-like toxin; three patients had Esch. coli that also produced a heat-stable toxin. Among 20 controls without diarrhea there were no organisms that produced heat-labile toxin or tissue invasion, but there was one Esch. coli that produced only heat-stable toxin and one salmonella. In this pediatric population Esch. coli appears to cause most acute diarrheas due to toxigenic and invasive pathogenic mechanisms.The etiological agents responsible for pediatric diarrhea in Brazil were investigated in 40 consecutive infants and children admitted with diarrhea (aged 9 days to 10 years), and in each case the illness was of fewer than 15 days duration. Assays for toxigenic and invasive bacteria were performed on stool samples. In 31 of the 40 children, potential etiological agents were identified: in 20 patients (50%) toxigenic E. coli or Klebsiella were found; in 4 patients invasive E. coli or Salmonella were found (10%); and in 7 patients, both toxigenic and invasive organisms were seen. In addition, fecal leukocytes were present in 9 of the 11 patients shown to have invasive pathogens. Heat-labile cholera-like toxin was produced by the organisms in all 27 patients with toxigenic isolates. 3 patients had E. coli which also produced a heat-stable toxin. 20 controls without diarrhea were also assayed and there were no organisms that produced heat-labile toxin or tissue invasion, although there was 1 E.coli that produced only heat-stable toxin and 1 salmonella. Hence, in this population E. coli seems to cause the most acute diarrheas attributed to toxigenic and invasive pathogenic mechanisms.
A specific biosynthetic marker for immature thymic lymphoblasts. Active synthesis of thymus-leukemia antigen restricted to proliferating cells
Authors: E Rothenberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

Large cortical thymocytes from C57BL/6-Tla(a) mice have been prepared rapidly and in high yield by a combination of centrifugal elutriation and differential binding to peanut agglutinin (PNA)-coated plates. The cells in these lymphoblast-rich fractions were clearly distinct from the majority of thymocytes, with up to 70 percent in the S or G(2) + M phases of the cell cycle and an average rate of [(35)S]methionine incorporation per cell up to 20 times higher than that of the majority population. The populations of cells resolved in this fractionation were characterized by monitoring their rates of synthesis of specific glycoproteins, thymus- leukemia antigen (TL) and the Lyt-2, Lyt-3 complex (Lyt-2/3), relative to their total protein synthesis. Cells that bound to PNA synthesized high levels of Lyt-2/3, consistent with their identification as cortical thymocytes. Those that failed to bind made little or no Lyt-2/3, as expected for medullary cells, The fraction of dividing lymphoblasts that bound to PNA was enriched in cortical thymocyte precursors, including all the large cells detectably active in synthesizing Lyt-2. It differed sharply from the small cortical cells, however, in the synthesis of TL. Although both populations displayed abundant surface TL, the TL glycoprotein was produced actively in fractions containing dividing cells but made at a drastically reduced rate by the nondividing majority of cortical thymocytes. Thus, TL seems to be made at a narrowly circumscribed stage of early thymocyte development that is correlated with rapid proliferation. In most of the descendants of such blast cells, the TL glycoprotein is presumably retained on the cell surface as long as no substantial membrane turnover takes place. Ongoing TL synthesis may therefore serve as a marker for a unique developmental state which terminates rapidly in normal differentiation but may be extended by agents that give rise to TL(+) thymic lymphomas.
MicroRNA-26 governs profibrillatory inward-rectifier potassium current changes in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Xiaobin Luo, Zhenwei Pan, Hongli Shan, Jiening Xiao, Xuelin Sun, Ning Wang, Huixian Lin, Ling Xiao, Ange Maguy, Xiao-Yan Qi, Yue Li, Xu Gao, Deli Dong, Yong Zhang, Yunlong Bai, Jing Ai, Lihua Sun, Hang Lu, Xiao-Yan Luo, Zhiguo Wang, Yanjie Lu, Baofeng Yang, Stanley Nattel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a highly prevalent arrhythmia with pronounced morbidity and mortality. Inward-rectifier K+ current (IK1) is believed to be an important regulator of reentrant-spiral dynamics and a major component of AF-related electrical remodeling. MicroRNA-26 (miR-26) is predicted to target the gene encoding KIR2.1, KCNJ2. We found that miR-26 was downregulated in atrial samples from AF animals and patients and this downregulation was accompanied by upregulation of IK1/KIR2.1 protein. miR-26 overexpression suppressed expression of KCNJ2/KIR2.1. In contrast, miR-26 knockdown, inhibition, or binding-site mutation enhanced KCNJ2/KIR2.1 expression, establishing KCNJ2 as a miR-26 target. Knockdown of endogenous miR-26 promoted AF in mice, whereas adenovirus-mediated expression of miR-26 reduced AF vulnerability. Kcnj2-specific miR-masks eliminated miR-26-mediated reductions in Kcnj2, abolishing miR-26's protective effects, while coinjection of a Kcnj2-specific miR-mimic prevented miR-26 knockdown-associated AF in mice. Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), a known actor in AF-associated remodeling, was found to negatively regulate miR-26 transcription. Our results demonstrate that miR-26 controls the expression of KCNJ2 and suggest that this downregulation may promote AF.
Hyperbaric oxygen decreases the incidence of neurological sequelae in acute carbon monoxide poisoning
Authors: S Shah
Journal: Thorax (2003)

Weaver LK, Hopkins RO, Chan KJ, et al . Hyperbaric oxygen for acute carbon monoxide poisoning. N Engl J Med2002;347:1057–67 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] This double blind, randomised trial compared treatment of acute carbon monoxide poisoning with three sessions of either hyperbaric oxygen (100% oxygen at 3 atmospheres during the first session and … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNew%2BEngland%2BJournal%2Bof%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DNEJM%26rft.issn%253D0028-4793%26rft.aulast%253DWeaver%26rft.auinit1%253DL.%2BK.%26rft.volume%253D347%26rft.issue%253D14%26rft.spage%253D1057%26rft.epage%253D1067%26rft.atitle%253DHyperbaric%2BOxygen%2Bfor%2BAcute%2BCarbon%2BMonoxide%2BPoisoning%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1056%252FNEJMoa013121%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F12362006%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1056/NEJMoa013121&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=12362006&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F58%2F2%2F126.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000178332900002&link_type=ISI
Psychiatrists win unfair dismissal case after being made to do out of hours work
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Three consultant child psychiatrists with child care responsibilities have won an unfair dismissal case against the NHS trust that took over their services from a previous provider and tried to make them do out of hours on-call work.

Victoria Laakkonen, Sarah Taylor, and Mary Cole won their case in the Southampton employment tribunal in July 2012 and have now had their victory upheld by the employment appeal tribunal, whose judgments set precedents for other cases.

The three women had been working part time for Salisbury Health Care NHS Trust under contracts with an express term that they were not required …
Sala de Esperanza
Authors: Lawrence Hergott
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Ad Libitum3 January 2012Sala de EsperanzaLawrence Hergott, MDLawrence Hergott, MDFrom University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80207-3442.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-1-201201030-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The sign on the hospital wallidentifying the spacebegins with a Spanish phrase—sala de espera,waiting room.A more symbolic phrasemay have deeper meaningfor those awaiting news of loved ones there—sala de esperanza,room of hope.Those waitingcan do little but hope—yet hope is everything to themin that often desperate timeof craving favorable answersto tormenting questions.Is he alive?Are baby and mother all right?Did you get it all?Will she be able to walk,to talk,to come home?The value of those in the sala de esperanzahopingis not to affectthe answers to such questions.They cannot.of the love ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80207-3442.Current Author Address: Lawrence Hergott, MD, University of Colorado, 2338 Leyden Street, Denver, CO 80207-3442. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 3 January 2012Volume 156, Issue 1_Part_1Page: 66 ePublished: 3 January 2012 Issue Published: 3 January 2012 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
THE INFLUENCE OF RESPIRATION ON VENOUS PRESSURE
Authors: Ovid O. Meyer, William S. Middleton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1929)

The effects of the respiratory movements upon the circulation have seriously concerned physiologists and clinicians for many years.The classical experiments of Poiseuille (1) constitute the first substantial contribution to the knowledge of the influence of respiration upon the venous flow.The following quotations state his conclusions:Ainsi, au moment de l'inspiration, l'air de la poitrine se rarefiant par la dilata- tion de cette cavite, la pression de l'atmosphere 1'emporte, sur celle de I'air qui y est renferme, et le sang des veines jugulaires tend a se precipiter dans le thorax; au contraire, dans l'expiration, la poitrine se resserrant, la pression de l'air inte- rieur devient plus grande, les veines sont comprimees, par suite le sang de cesvais- seaux reflue hors de la poitrine.Ainsi, nous croyons devoir conclure qui si l'inspiration appelle vers la poitrine une certaine quantite de sang veineux, l'expiration aussi concourt puissamment a mouvoir le sang vers le coeur.
Distribution of Subsequent Primary Invasive Melanomas Following a First Primary Invasive or In Situ Melanoma in Queensland, Australia, 1982-2010
Authors: Danny R. Youlden, Philippa H. Youl, H. Peter Soyer, Joanne F. Aitken, Peter D. Baade
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Melanoma survivors are known to have a highly elevated risk of subsequent primary melanomas.To determine the relative risk of subsequent primary invasive melanomas following a first primary invasive or in situ melanoma, with a focus on body site.A retrospective cohort study was conducted using population-based administrative data for melanoma diagnoses collected by the Queensland Cancer Registry, Queensland, Australia. Deidentified records of all cases of melanoma among Queensland residents during the period 1982-2005 were obtained and reviewed to December 31, 2010. There were 39,668 eligible cases of first primary invasive melanoma and 22,845 cases of first primary in situ melanoma.Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), a proxy measure for relative risk, were calculated by dividing the observed number of subsequent primary invasive melanomas by the product of the strata-specific incidence rates that occurred in the general population and the cumulative time at risk for the cohort. Synchronous subsequent melanomas (diagnosed within 60 days of the first primary melanoma) were excluded. Differences between SIRs were assessed using multivariate negative binomial regression adjusted for sex, age group, time to second diagnosis, and body site and expressed in terms of adjusted SIR ratios with corresponding 95% CIs.There were 5358 subsequent primary invasive melanomas diagnosed, resulting in SIRs of 5.42 (95% CI, 5.23-5.61) and 4.59 (4.37-4.82) for persons with a first primary invasive or in situ melanoma, respectively. The SIRs remained elevated throughout the follow-up period. In general, subsequent primary invasive melanomas were more likely to occur at the same body site as the initial invasive or in situ melanoma. The largest relative risk was for females with a first primary invasive melanoma on the head followed by a subsequent primary invasive melanoma also on the head (SIR, 13.32; 95% CI, 10.28-16.98).Melanoma survivors require ongoing surveillance, with particular attention required for the body site of the initial lesion. Clinical practice guidelines have recognized the importance of monitoring for people with invasive melanoma; the results of the present study highlight the need for similar levels of supervision for those with a diagnosis of in situ melanoma.
Effect of salicylates in urticaria.
Authors: M Moore-Robinson, R P Warin
Journal: BMJ (1967)

CJouMperformance was so deficient as to suggest a specific developmental failure.Fourteen of these children were matched for age, sex, handedness, verbal I.Q., and home and school back- ground with an equal number of children drawn from the same sample who had shown no evidence of selective visuo-motor impairment.Both groups were followed up for a three-year period.The children with visuo-motor defect were found to be significantly inferior to the controls on a series of tests of spatial judgement and manual skill, to present a variety of educational problems, especially in regard to spelling and arithmetic, and to give evidence of a relatively high incidence of maladjustment.There was also evidence of a relatively high incidence of perinatal abnormality in this group, raising the possibility of minimal early brain damage.This study supports the contention that agnosic-apraxic disabilities in otherwise normal children are by no means rare and warrant wider recognition.This work is supported by a grant from the Spastics Society.We wish to express out thanks to the Cambridgeshire County Education Department and to the many head teachers and others
Resistance to Thyroid Hormone
Authors: Leslie J. DeGroot
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters1 October 1996Resistance to Thyroid HormoneLeslie J. DeGroot, MDLeslie J. DeGroot, MDUniversity of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-7-199610010-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Historians have recognized that history is a collection of impressions that can be presented in many ways. Voltaire said that “in all nations, history is disfigured by fable” and “history proves that anything can be proved by history.” However, the sequence of recognition of thyroid hormone receptor mutations as a cause of resistance to thyroid hormone is not as suggested in the editorial by Dr. Sawin [1].The first patients with resistance to thyroid hormone were observed in 1964 by Dr. Loren T. DeWind and were initially studied at the Good Samaritan Hospital in Los Angeles. Characterization ...References1. Sawin CT. When hormones fail to act [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:625-7. Google Scholar2. Refetoff S, DeWind LT, DeGroot LJ. Familial syndrome combining deaf-mutism, stippled epiphyses, goiter, and abnormally high PBI: possible target organ refractoriness to thyroid hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1967; 27:279-94. Google Scholar3. Bernal J, Refetoff S, DeGroot LJ. Abnormalities of triiodothyronine binding to lymphocyte and fibroblast nuclei from a patient with peripheral tissue resistance to thyroid hormone action. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1978; 47:1266-72. Google Scholar4. Sakurai A, Takeda K, Ain K, Ceccarelli P, Nakai A, Seino S, et al. Generalized resistance to thyroid hormone associated with a mutation in the ligand-binding domain of the human thyroid hormone receptor β. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989; 86:8977-81. Google Scholar5. Takeda K, Sakurai A, DeGroot LJ, Refetoff S. Recessive inheritance of thyroid hormone resistance caused by complete deletion of the protein-coding region of the thyroid hormone receptor β gene. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992; 74:49-55. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Leslie J. DeGroot, MDAffiliations: University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThyroid hormone receptor mutants implicated in human hepatocellular carcinoma display an altered target gene repertoireThyroid hormone receptors mutated in liver cancer function as distorted antimorphsMultiple mutations contribute to repression by the v-Erb A oncoprotein 1 October 1996Volume 125, Issue 7Page: 623KeywordsChromosomesCloningFibroblastsMutationPhenotypesResearch laboratoriesThyroid hormones ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 October 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...