tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bacteriostatic Effects of Sulphonamide-P, Soluseptasine, and M &amp; B 693
Authors: B. G. Maegraith, R. L. Vollum
Journal: BMJ (1938)

TreatmentGastrostomies have been performed repeatedly; but, unless the cardiac end of the stomach is tied, the food flows backwards up the oesophagus into the trachea, except in the very few cases where there is nfo tracheo-oesophageal fistula.It has been the hope of some surgeons to keep the patients alive long eno-ugh to perform an intrathoracic plastic operation at a later date.This seems a forlorn hope, and it is questionable whether it would be justified even if successful, for so many cases are associated with nmLultiple congenital lesions.Summary 1.A report of a case of congenital atresia of the oeso- phagus with tracheo-oesophageal fistula is given.2. The indications are that the anomaly occurs much more often than is generally believed.3. The anomaly is nearly always associated with other congenital lesions.4. It produces a quiite characteristic syndrome, which if kept in mind makes a clinical diagnosis relatively simple.5. Auxiliary methods of diagnosis are mentioned.6. Death has occurred within four weeks in every recorded case.I should like to express my thanks to Dr. T.
Money, Medicine, and Malpractice in American Society
Authors: Cyril H. Wecht
Journal: JAMA (1993)

The controversy surrounding the subject of medical malpractice has always generated heated debate among physicians and attorneys. More recently, state legislators in almost every jurisdiction have considered tort reform proposals over the past decade in response to intensive lobbying by local and state medical societies and other medical groups. Bills have been introduced in the US Congress addressing the major concerns of physicians regarding professional negligence lawsuits, and it is within the realm of political reality that federal legislation could be adopted for the first time in the history of our country on a subject that in fact is deemed truly important by some members of a group that constitutes approximately 0.16% of the nation's population!  ... a lecturer in geography from an obscure university in Adelaide, Australia, who is neither a physician nor an attorney, has written about Money, Medicine, and Malpractice in American Society .  Even more amazing is the
Alterations in Pulmonary Morphology and Surface Activity During Experimental Oxygen Toxicity.
Authors: Gary L. Huber
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Alterations in Pulmonary Morphology and Surface Activity During Experimental Oxygen Toxicity.Gary L. Huber, M.D., Theodore N. Finley, M.D.Gary L. Huber, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Theodore N. Finley, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1097_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIncreased oxygen tension as therapy for respiratory failure is frequently encountered clinically. A syndrome of progressive respiratory distress, pulmonary edema, and increased surface tension was induced in 10 mongrel dogs by exposure to oxygen tensions greater than 550 mm Hg for 52 hr. Pulmonary surfactant was recovered by endotracheal washing for lipid analysis and surface-activity determinations. Biopsies were taken for light and electron microscopy. Five dogs developing respiratory distress without pulmonary edema had normal surface tension values (0 to 11 dynes/cm). Three dogs developed pulmonary edema, with elevated pulmonary surface tension (13 to 25 dynes/cm). Light microscopy revealed perivascular and... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Seattle, Washington PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPulmonary Oxygen Toxicity 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1097-1097KeywordsBiopsyEdemaElectron microscopyLight microscopyLipidsOxygenRespiratory failureToxicityVentilators Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
Follicular lymphoma of the duodenum
Authors: P. Born, M. Vieth, M. Stolte
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Although the gastrointestinal tract is the most common site of manifestation of extranodal lymphomas, intestinal lymphomas as a whole are rare. Among these entities, follicular lymphomas are even rarer [1] [2] [3] and show a female predominance [3].
Transmission of Staphylococci by Fomites
Authors: A. J. Gonzaga, E. A. Mortimer, E. Wolinsky, C. H. Rammelkamp
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Newborn infants were given blankets, shirts, or diapers which had been exposed to carriers of<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Transmission of organisms to the recipient infants occurred when the fomites were heavily contaminated. The infectivity of the fomites was not influenced by storage for several days at room temperature or by the bacteriophage type of<i>Staphylococcus</i>. The most important factor influencing transmission of organisms by fomites was their degree of contamination. Since the amount of contamination required for successful transmission was unlikely to be achieved under normal nursery precautions, it is concluded that fomites are of minor importance in the spread of hospital-derived staphylococcal disease in the nursery. The data emphasize, however, the importance of proper laundering of heavily contaminated articles which are to be given to subsequent patients, whether they be infants, children, or adults.
The preS1 antigen of hepatitis B virus is highly immunogenic at the T cell level in man.
Authors: C Ferrari, A Penna, A Bertoletti, A Cavalli, A Valli, C Schianchi, F Fiaccadori
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

14 hepatitis B vaccine recipients who showed high titers of anti-hepatitis B surface antibodies in serum after booster immunization with a polyvalent hepatitis B surface antigen vaccine that contained trace amounts of hepatitis B virus (HBV) preS1 and preS2 envelope antigens were studied for their in vitro T cell response to these antigens. All 14 subjects displayed a significant proliferative T cell response to the S/p25 envelope region encoded polypeptide; 8 also responded to preS1, while only 1 showed a significant level of T cell proliferation to preS2. Limiting dilution analysis demonstrated that the frequency of preS-specific T cells in two of these vaccine recipients was higher than that of S/p25-specific T cells. T cell cloning was then performed and a total of 29 HBV envelope antigen-reactive CD4+ cloned lines were generated from two preS-responsive vaccines. 21 of these lines were S/p25 specific, 7 preS1 specific, and 1 preS2 specific. Taken together, all these results suggest that the preS1 antigen may function as a strong T cell immunogen in man.
Essential fatty acid deficient hairless mouse: a model of chronic epidermal hyperproliferation
Authors: NICHOLAS J. LOWE, RICHARD B. STOUGHTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Journal Article Essential fatty acid deficient hairless mouse: a model of chronic epidermal hyperproliferation Get access NICHOLAS J. LOWE, NICHOLAS J. LOWE Division of Dermatology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, California, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar RICHARD B. STOUGHTON RICHARD B. STOUGHTON Division of Dermatology, Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, California, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 96, Issue 2, 1 February 1977, Pages 155–162, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1977.tb12537.x Published: 01 February 1977
Penicillin Treatment of Early Syphilis: II
Authors: J. F. Mahoney
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In a preliminary report<sup>1</sup>the influence of penicillin therapy on the clinical manifestations and serologic reactions of patients with early syphilis was presented. The report was based on the results of a curtailed period of observation of a group of 4 patients. It is our purpose in the present paper to record the findings of post-treatment observation of the original group for periods in excess of three hundred days. It is also desired to record certain items of information which have resulted from the treatment of an additional 100 patients. <h3>REVIEW OF ORIGINAL GROUP</h3> Of the group of 4 patients the records of whom formed the basis for the preliminary report,<sup>1</sup>all have been maintained under observation. It will be recalled that these patients displayed dark field positive lesions of early syphilis at the time of treatment. The therapy consisted of an intramuscular injection of 25,000 units of penicillin
Sigmoidoscopy in the Periodic Health Examination of Asymptomatic Adults
Authors: Joseph V. Selby
Journal: JAMA (1989)

PERIODIC screening sigmoidoscopic examination of asymptomatic persons has been recommended for more than 30 years<sup>1-3</sup>as a means of reducing mortality from colorectal cancer. However, evidence supporting this recommendation is limited and expert opinion, as reflected in several recent reviews,<sup>4-8</sup>differs as to whether sigmoidoscopy should be included in the periodic health examination. Colorectal cancer, with a cumulative incidence of 5.1% in men and 3.9% in women by age 74 years,<sup>9</sup>is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States. More than 145 000 new cases and 61000 deaths from this disease are expected for 1987.<sup>10</sup>Thus, screening tests that can lead to earlier detection and improved survival are needed. In addition to earlier detection, screening sigmoidoscopy may reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer through removal of premalignant adenomatous polyps. In evaluating sigmoidoscopy as a screening test, it is important to distinguish between
Have Quality Improvement Efforts Decreased Mortality Rates Following Cardiac Surgery?-Reply
Authors: Arlene S. Ash
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We agree with Dr Huff about the danger of inferring causation from the association between declining mortality and the statewide programs in New York and northern New England. In fact, the principal message of our Massachusetts study is precisely that the association may not be causal. We do not know which factors have contributed how much to these improvements. The HCFA, New York, and northern New England programs are only a few of the many changes that may have contributed. We also fully agree with Dr Huff that attention to processes of care and their relation to surgical outcomes is of crucial value in quality improvement. Both process and outcome studies are important, and they complement each other. <h3>This letter was shown to Dr Jencks, who declined to reply.</h3> —Ed.
Neuroticism, extraversion, stressful life events and asthma: a cohort study of middle‐aged adults
Authors: A. Loerbroks, C. J. Apfelbacher, J. F. Thayer, D. Debling, T. Stürmer
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Stressful life events can trigger asthma exacerbations, but could also contribute to the development of incident asthma. However, only few studies have investigated the association between stressful life events and adult asthma prospectively. Likewise, stress-related personality traits (e.g. neuroticism and extraversion) may increase asthma risk, but this has been examined in only one prospective study. We therefore aimed to investigate the association between neuroticism, extraversion, stressful life events and incident asthma.A population-based sample of 5114 middle-aged adults completed questionnaires between 1992 and 1995. Among those alive in 2002/2003, 4010 (83%) were followed-up by questionnaires. Exposures of interest included neuroticism, extraversion and three stressful life events (unemployment, having broken off a life partnership and death of a close person). Associations with incident asthma were estimated by multivariable risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) using Poisson regression.High vs low neuroticism predisposed to developing asthma (RR = 3.07, 95% CI = 1.71-5.48), but high extraversion did not (RR = 1.30, 95% CI = 0.79-2.15). Having broken off a life partnership significantly increased asthma risk (RR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.20-4.21) in contrast to death of a close person (RR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.64-1.75) or unemployment (RR = 1.65, 95% CI = 0.72-3.78).High levels of neuroticism may increase the risk of asthma in middle-aged adults. Having broken off a life partnership was the only stressful event, which was associated with incident asthma. Synthesized with evidence from earlier studies, this could reflect that interpersonal conflicts may increase asthma risk, possibly along an immunological pathway.
Gastric Carcinoma Following Long-Term Gastroenterostomy
Authors: Thomas L. Carter
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Two cases of gastric carcinoma involved the antrum adjacent to a long-term gastroenterostomy. Antral narrowing associated with atrophy may occur following long-term gastroenterostomy but this is easily distinguishable from a constricting carcinoma. Awareness of the former will avoid unnecessary surgery but careful evaluation for neoplasm should be carried out as these two cases demonstrate.
TRAUMATIC PNEUMOTHORAX CAUSED BY TOY BALLOON
Authors: Frank S. Child
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Edith D., aged 4 years, had been to the circus, Aug. 5, 1921. While returning home, she was running with a balloon stick in her mouth, and fell, face downward. In falling, the stick was driven into the left side of her throat, piercing the thorax. The little girl picked herself up and pulled the broken stick from her mouth. She was immediately taken home. When I saw her one hour later, she was expectorating blood. Her mother stated there was considerable bleeding at first. On examination, I noted that the left neck was very tender, the base of the tongue was lacerated, and there was a slight oozing of blood from the left side of the throat. The front of the neck was swollen, and the skin crackled when palpated, because of the emphysema. She was in moderate shock, with a respiration of 40 and a pulse of 150.
A SURVEY OF SZONDI RESEARCH
Authors: WILSON H. GUERTIN, HERBERT G. MCMAHAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1951)

This review has been rather superficial in the interest of preserving the aim of the paper: to present a summary and integrated perspective of Szondi research. No review can be a substitute for a thorough examination of original sources. On the other hand, some general criticisms should be made of the design of these studies. Without becoming picayunish about statistics it might be pointed out that most of the statistical techniques employed in the experiments reported are approximate only. This is a consequence of the lack of a meaningful scale in test results and the skewing of data that results from forcing preferences onto such a narrow scale. Chi-squares are to be recommended highly in the analysis of the sort of data relating to the factor loadings. The calculation of correlation coefficients in any fashion except through dichotomies will result in coefficients with little meaning. Probably the criticism that fits all Szondi studies is that they are not crucial tests of the Szondi test itself. It hardly can escape the reader that all studies have nibbled on very small aspects of Szondi theory and application. No large-scale, sound validation attempt has come to the reviewer's attention. This would be the ultimate test of the pudding. It is well recognized that good validations are difficult because of the unreliability and invalidity of the criteria, as well as the difficulty encountered in transporting test results and criteria into a common language or frame-of-reference. This may account for the conspicuous absence of such studies. On the other hand, there has always been a certain scepticism about the value of this new test and investigators have gone slowly in their attacks on the problem before investing the time and money demanded by such a project as would be necessary to produce a convincing validation. This concentration upon smaller aspects of a system also indicates a methodological sophistication that is coming to the fore in all areas of research. The checking of deductive implications of postulates, as seen in the Szondi research, offers a convenient attack on problems that are inconvenient to handle in gross ways. Certain value accrues to this piecemeal, deductive examination of the Szondi technique. Rather than rejecting the test completely, should validation attempts fail, it begins to seem possible to salvage the general technique. Through the study of the Szondi pictures much has been learned about the evaluation of personality through preferences for pictures. The factor analysis reviewed here revealed 5 independent factors from the consideration of 15 Szondi pictures. It seems likely that with new, carefully selected stimulus pictures presented in a well-designed forced-choice manner valuable information about a subject's personality can be obtained. When such information is treated in a multiple-correlation fashion with an empirically derived (factor analysis) frame-of-reference a valuable test of personality may become available.
Hispanic HANES Takes Long Look at Latino Health
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1991)

A MUCH clearer picture of the health of Americans of Spanish origin is becoming available as the analyses of the data gathered from 1982 through 1984 by the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES) are published. This effort, the first special population health survey ever conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, studied Cuban Americans, Mexican Americans, and Puerto Ricans residing in the continental United States. "The Hispanic population is the second largest minority group in the United States and the fastest growing. Yet little has been known about their general health and nutritional status," says Robert S. Murphy, who is Director of the Division of Health Examination Statistics at the National Center for Health Statistics (<i>Am J Public Health</i>. 1990;80:1429). The Hispanic survey covers some major health issues in the group that is expected soon to be the largest minority group of Americans, says Murphy. He cites
What are the determinants of transthoracic shock current requirements for ventricular tachycardia? A prospective multicenter study
Authors: Richard E. Kerbar, Michael G. Kienzle, Brian Olshansky, Albert L. Waldo, David Wilber, Mark D. Carlson, Ann M. Aschoff, Sally Birger, Laurio Fugatt, Susan Walsh, Martin Rockwell, Francis Charbonnier
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Autogenous Ascitic Infusion in the Management of the Cirrhotic Surgical Patient
Authors: Robert E. Lempke
Journal: JAMA (1963)

OPERATIONS UPON PATIENTS with ascites carry an operative risk greater than that of similar procedures upon patients suffering from the same basic disease but free of ascites. Removal of the ascites either preoperatively or at laparotomy results in hemodynamic changes and loss of water, electrolytes and protein which not infrequently lead to vascular collapse, hepatic decompensation, and other metabolic complications. If the fluid is not aspirated preoperatively, respiratory function may be impaired. Furthermore, uncontrolled leakage of the fluid during an abdominal operation and through the incision postoperatively enhances the possibility of infection. Interest has been renewed recently in the treatment of medically refractory, cirrhotic ascites by simultaneous abdominal paracentesis and intravenous infusion of unmodified autogenous ascitic fluid.<sup>1-3</sup>Metabolic studies during 13 such procedures have been reported.<sup>4</sup>It has proved to be a safe, simple, and efficacious adjunct to the management of this problem. It produces a prompt
Mistargeting of Peroxisomal EHHADH and Inherited Renal Fanconi's Syndrome
Authors: Enriko D. Klootwijk, Markus Reichold, Amanda Helip-Wooley, Asad Tolaymat, Carsten Broeker, Steven L. Robinette, Joerg Reinders, Dominika Peindl, Kathrin Renner, Karin Eberhart, Nadine Assmann, Peter J. Oefner, Katja Dettmer, Christina Sterner, Josef Schroeder, Niels Zorger, Ralph Witzgall, Stephan W. Reinhold, Horia C. Stanescu, Detlef Bockenhauer, Graciana Jaureguiberry, Holly Courtneidge, Andrew M. Hall, Anisha D. Wijeyesekera, Elaine Holmes, Jeremy K. Nicholson, Kevin O'Brien, Isa Bernardini, Donna M. Krasnewich, Mauricio Arcos-Burgos, Yuichiro Izumi, Hiroshi Nonoguchi, Yuzhi Jia, Janardan K. Reddy, Mohammad Ilyas, Robert J. Unwin, William A. Gahl, Richard Warth, Robert Kleta
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

In renal Fanconi's syndrome, dysfunction in proximal tubular cells leads to renal losses of water, electrolytes, and low-molecular-weight nutrients. For most types of isolated Fanconi's syndrome, the genetic cause and underlying defect remain unknown.We clinically and genetically characterized members of a five-generation black family with isolated autosomal dominant Fanconi's syndrome. We performed genomewide linkage analysis, gene sequencing, biochemical and cell-biologic investigations of renal proximal tubular cells, studies in knockout mice, and functional evaluations of mitochondria. Urine was studied with the use of proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H-NMR) spectroscopy.We linked the phenotype of this family's Fanconi's syndrome to a single locus on chromosome 3q27, where a heterozygous missense mutation in EHHADH segregated with the disease. The p.E3K mutation created a new mitochondrial targeting motif in the N-terminal portion of EHHADH, an enzyme that is involved in peroxisomal oxidation of fatty acids and is expressed in the proximal tubule. Immunocytofluorescence studies showed mistargeting of the mutant EHHADH to mitochondria. Studies of proximal tubular cells revealed impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and defects in the transport of fluids and a glucose analogue across the epithelium. (1)H-NMR spectroscopy showed elevated levels of mitochondrial metabolites in urine from affected family members. Ehhadh knockout mice showed no abnormalities in renal tubular cells, a finding that indicates a dominant negative nature of the mutation rather than haploinsufficiency.Mistargeting of peroxisomal EHHADH disrupts mitochondrial metabolism and leads to renal Fanconi's syndrome; this indicates a central role of mitochondria in proximal tubular function. The dominant negative effect of the mistargeted protein adds to the spectrum of monogenic mechanisms of Fanconi's syndrome. (Funded by the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme and others.).