tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fortuitous Therapy for Psoriasis
Authors: G. B. Stein
Journal: BMJ (1966)

BanIBsH(and also female deaths from benign tumours) were anomalous in being considerably less frequent in spring (March-April-May) than in autumn (September-October-November).And Table III shows that this anomaly was characteristic, though unequally so, of most of the individual cancer sites.Of the very few non-neoplastic diseases which were similarly anomalous in England and Wales in 1956-633 the two with the lowest ratio of spring to autumn deaths were simple goitre, namely 0.72 (33:46), and avitaminoses (in females), namely 0.76 (121:160).In contrast, the corresponding ratio at the other extreme for thyrotoxicosis, namely 1.35 (750: 554), and for non-toxic nodular goitre, namely 1.41 (55: 39).This last was next highest to the ratio for respiratory diseases, namely 1.43 (140,512:97,999).Gereb2 found that cancer deaths were least frequent in March and April, and as a possible explanation of this he suggested vitamin lack, citing experimental evidence of the inhibiting effect of vitamin lack on tumour growth, and also evidence, consistent with this, of seasonal variation in tumour growth.Speculation as to causes, however, is likely to be unfruitful until at the least a much more extensive and sophisticated analysis has been made, not only of British and German data but also of corresponding data from other latitudes and longitudes.-Iam, etc.,.
Bristol manager dismissed warnings as "exaggerated"
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1999)

John Roylance, the senior manager of the Bristol hospital at the centre of an inquiry into children's heart surgery services, dismissed warnings about death rates because he thought they were “exaggerated.”

Dr Roylance, chief executive of United Bristol Healthcare NHS Trust, told the inquiry this week of his reaction to a letter from consultant anaesthetist Stephen Bolsin in 1990 which described death rates for babies under 1 year as “one of the highest in the country.”

He …
The role of H-2 linked genes in helper T-cell function. IV. Importance of T-cell genotype and host environment in I-region and Ir gene expression.
Authors: J W Kappler, P Marrack
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

We have studied the properties of helper T cells specific for sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), or poly-L-(Tyr,Glu)-poly-DL-Ala-poly-L-Lys [(T,G)-A--L]. These T cells differentiated and were primed in vivo in irradiation chimeras constructed of various combinations of F1 and parental bone marrow donors and irradiated recipients. Primed T cells were then tested for helper activity in the in vitro response of B cells and macrophages (Mphi) of parental or F1 origin to the hapten trinitrophenol coupled to the priming antigen. When testing either SRBC or KLH-specific T cells of parental H-2 type which had differentiated in F1 hosts, we found that they cooperated equally well with B cells and Mphi of either parental H-2 type. On the other hand, when testing F1 T cells which had differentiated in parental hosts, we found that they cooperated well only with B cells and Mphi which had the K-IA region type of the parental host. In similar experiments we found that (T,G)-A--L-specific T cells of low responder H-2 type which had differentiated in (high responder X low responder) F1 hosts induced high responses in high responder B cells and Mphi (T,G)-A--L-specific F1 T cells which differentiated in high responder but not those which differentiated in low responder hosts induced high responses in high responder B cells and Mphi. Low responder B cells and Mphi yielded low responses in all cases regardless of the source of (T,G)-A--L-specific T cells with what they were tested. Our results support the conclusion that I-region and Ir genes function via their expression in B cells and Mphi and in the host environment during helper T-cell differentiation, but not, at least under the conditions of these experiments, via their expression in the helper T cell itself. These findings place constraints upon models which attempt to explain the apparent dual recognition of antigen and I-region gene products by helper T cells.
Prognostic Factors of Thin Cutaneous Melanoma: An Analysis of the Central Malignant Melanoma Registry of the German Dermatological Society
Authors: Ulrike Leiter, Petra G. Buettner, Thomas K. Eigentler, Claus Garbe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

The increasing number of thin cutaneous melanomas (CM) with tumor thickness up to 1 mm demands a detailed analysis of prognostic factors for the classification and grading of these tumors. The aim of the present study was to identify prognostic factors in thin CM.A series of 12,728 patients with thin incident primary invasive CM and follow-up data recorded between 1976 and 2000 by the German-based Central Malignant Melanoma Registry was analyzed using the multivariate Cox proportional hazard model to evaluate prognostic factors, and classification and regression trees analysis (CART) to define prognostic groups.Multivariate analysis found tumor thickness, sex, age, body site, and histopathologic subtype to be significant prognostic factors of thin CM. Ulceration and regression did not affect prognosis significantly. Prognostic classification based on the results of CART analysis resulted in three groups defined by tumor thickness, age, and sex. Ten-year survival rates of these groups varied between 91.8% and 98.1%, with improved classification as compared with subgroups by tumor thickness alone.Classification by tumor thickness identified prognostic subgroups with highest significance in thin CM, and the classification was improved by the introduction of age and sex. However, neither ulceration nor the level of invasion included in the new American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM system classification, revealed statistical significance as prognostic factors in thin CM.
Mutation at codon 249 of p53 gene in a human hepatoblastoma
Authors: Siddhartha Kar, Ron Jaffe, Brian I. Carr
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

G-to-T transversion at codon 249 of the p53 gene has been shown to be specifically associated with human hepatocellular carcinomas, particularly that subset associated with exposure to the chemical hepatocarcinogen aflatoxin B1. We surveyed 47 North American adult hepatocellular carcinomas and three childhood liver tumors for codon 249 mutation. We report here a case of childhood hepatoblastoma in a patient, without known exposure to aflatoxin B1 or hepatitis B or C virus, whose tumor had a mutation at codon 249 involving G-to-T transversion.
Ultrasonography in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Authors: Barry B. Goldberg
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<i>Ultrasonography in Obstetrics and Gynecology</i>is a welcome addition to ultrasonographic literature. In the preface, the authors state the need for a textbook that is up to date, practical, and yet comprehensive. In addition, the aims of the textbook are to contain "state of the art" illustrations, with up-to-date explanations of both anatomy and pathophysiology of disease to serve both the new and seasoned ultrasonographer. We believe that the textbook has accomplished these goals. The first several chapters treat embryology, fetal anatomy, and fetal measurements. This gives a strong basis for the next several chapters, which go into further detail on normal and abnormal fetal anatomy. The placenta, fetal behavior, prenatal procedures, and fetal management are all treated in a timely manner with strong clinical correlation. The gynecologic uses of ultrasound are then treated in chapters 12 through 19, including topics from normal anatomy through trophoblastic disease to ectopic pregnancy.
Review: Interferon and nucleoside/tide analogues reduce risk for hepatocellular cancer in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Averell H. Sherker
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

ACP Journal Club21 April 2009Review: Interferon and nucleoside/tide analogues reduce risk for hepatocellular cancer in patients with chronic hepatitis BAverell H. Sherker, MD, FRCP(C)Averell H. Sherker, MD, FRCP(C)Washington Hospital Center and Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA (A.H.S.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-8-200904210-02011 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationSung JJ, Tsoi KK, Wong VW, Li KC, Chan HL. Meta-analysis: Treatment of hepatitis B infection reduces risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008;28:1067-77. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18657133Clinical Impact RatingsGastroenterology: Infectious Disease: References1 Keeffe EB, Dieterich DT, Han SH, et al. A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: 2008 update. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;6:1315-41. [PMID: 18845489] Google Scholar2 Bruix J, Sherman M, Practice Guidelines Committee, American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2005;42:1208-36. [PMID: 16250051] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Averell H. Sherker, MD, FRCP(C)Affiliations: Washington Hospital Center and Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA (A.H.S.)This article was published at Annals.org on 7 April 2009. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 April 2009Volume 150, Issue 8Page: JC4-11KeywordsCancer preventionCancer treatmentChronic hepatitis BCirrhosisCohort studiesInfectious diseasesInfectious hepatitisInterferonsLiver transplantationTreatment guidelines ePublished: 21 April 2009 Issue Published: 21 April 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Leukemia Monitoring With Fungal Bone Marrow Cultures
Authors: Walter T. Hughes
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<i>In an approach to detect mycotic infection early in leukemic patients 322 bone marrow specimens were collected from 187 children with leukemia for fungal cultures concomitantly with specimens for routine hematological examination. Fungi were isolated from seven patients</i>. Histoplasma capsulatum<i>was found in three</i>, Cryptococcus neoformans<i>in two, and</i>Candida albicans<i>in two of the patients. Six of the children were proven to have early systemic infection from these fungi and were successfully treated.</i>
Fitness leader effectiveness
Authors: Rob Lyon
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2001)

Editor,—While conducting research for my Masters degree in Counselling and Guidance, I was particularly interested in the approach adopted by fitness leaders/instructors when dealing with people wishing to start exercising.

My experience, and consequent understanding, of the typical approach used in fitness facilities is that the fitness leader adopts an “expert” role when dealing with beginners and underestimates the ambivalence felt by anyone …
Prostaglandins and the gastrointestinal tract.
Authors: S L Waller
Journal: Gut (1973)

Peripheral membrane-associated proteins are known to accumulate on the surface of biomembranes as result of membrane-mediated interactions. For a pair of rotationally-symmetric curvature-inducing proteins, membrane mechanics at the low-temperature limit predicts pure repulsion. On the other hand, temperature-dependent entropic forces arise between pairs of stiff-binding proteins suppressing membrane fluctuations. These Casimir-like interactions have thus been suggested as candidates for attractive force leading to aggregation. With dense assemblies of peripheral proteins on the membrane, both these abstractions encounter multi-body complications. Here, we make use of a particle-based membrane model augmented with flexible peripheral proteins to quantify purely membrane-mediated interactions and investigate their underlying nature. We introduce a continuous reaction coordinate corresponding to the progression of protein aggregation. We obtain free energy and entropy landscapes for different surface concentrations along this reaction coordinate. In parallel, we investigate time-dependent estimates of membrane entropy corresponding to membrane undulations and coarse-grained tilt field and how they also change dynamically with protein aggregation. Congruent outcomes of the two approaches point to the conclusion that for low surface concentrations, interactions with an entropic nature may drive the aggregation. But at high concentrations, energetic contributions due to concerted membrane deformation by protein clusters are dominant.
A New Star: How Brightly Will It Shine?
Authors: Zenonas Danilevicius
Journal: JAMA (1977)

European pharmacologists have proved that the type 2, or H<sub>2</sub>, histamine receptor blockers are powerful suppressors of hydrochloric acid secretion. Most of these drugs provide excellent symptomatic and therapeutic means to relieve the pain and to speed the healing of gastric and duodenal ulcers. However, drugs such as burimamide and metiamide, although effective, were found to be bone marrow toxic. Cimetidine is a new drug in this group that was recently introduced into clinical use in Great Britain. It seems to be effective and safe and has not shown serious side effects or dangerous adverse reactions. Cimetidine has been well investigated in the laboratory and by immunologic and direct clinical studies. At the Tenth Scandinavian Conference on Gastroenterology in September 1976, Bodemar and Walan<sup>1</sup>reported that during the first week of treatment with cimetidine, there was a statistically significant decrease of diurnal HCl production in patients receiving cimetidine
Passive Immunotherapy for Anthrax Toxin Mediated by an Adenovirus Expressing an Anti-Protective Antigen Single-Chain Antibody
Authors: Kazuhiko Kasuya, Julie L. Boyer, Yadi Tan, D. Olivier Alipui, Neil R. Hackett, Ronald G. Crystal
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

In the 2001 U.S. bioterror attacks, 33,000 individuals required postexposure prophylaxis, 18 subjects contracted anthrax (11 inhalation, 7 cutaneous), and despite optimal medical therapy, 5 deaths resulted. Rapid protection against anthrax is required in a bioterrorism scenario; this study describes an in vivo gene transfer-based therapy that uses a human adenovirus (Ad)-based vector (AdαPAscAb) encoding a single-chain antibody directed against protective antigen (PA), a critical component of Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin. Following AdαPAscAb administration to mice, anti-PA single-chain antibody and anti-PA neutralizing activity were detected in serum over a 2-week period. Substantial survival advantage from anthrax lethal toxin was conferred by AdαPAscAb following administration from 1 to 14 days prior to toxin challenge, compared to no survival associated with an Ad vector expressing a control single-chain antibody. Passive immunotherapy with an Ad-based vector may be a rapid, convenient approach for protecting a susceptible population against anthrax, including use as an adjunct to antibiotic therapy.
Effect of an Antibacterial Nasal Cream on Nasal Colonization and Infection in the Newborn
Authors: R. F. Jennison, G. M. Komrower
Journal: BMJ (1961)

Further work is necessary to define the indications for splenectomy, but we think it premature to conclude that it is never indicated in this condition.Increasing hepatomegaly after splenectomy in myelofibrosis has been described, but has not necessarily been associated with either jaundice or rapid clinical deterioration-for example, Case J. G. of Nathan and Berlin (1959).We have observed this change after splenectomy in other myeloproliferative disorders in the absence of haematological deterioration.During the three months following operation in Case 2 reported here, the liver enlarged considerably and an obstructive- type jaundice was present for the last mlonth of life.Necropsy was not allowed, and the pathology of this jaundice is unknown.It remains to be seen whether the possibility of subsequent liver damage should contraindicate splenectomy in this condition.A brief consideration of the theoretical implications of our findings is appropriate.The relationship between the spleen and the bone-marrow remains obscure.and the relative roles of red-cell hypersequestration and marrow inhibition by the spleen are still debated (Doan, 1949; Dameshek, 1955).It is difficult to interpret the results obtained in these two patients wholly in terms of splenic hypersequestration of red cells.The increased red-cell production after splenectomy implies splenic inh-ibition of erythropoiesis.This finding lends support to the view that the spleen may not only be an important site of red-cell destruction, but may on occasion simultaneously limit effective red-cell production. SummaryIn two cases of myelofibrosis splenectomy was followed by considerable haematological improvement.Evidence was obtained that erythropoiesis was increased after splenectomy in each case.The signifi- cance of this finding is discussed.The indications for and against splenectomy in myelofibrosis are still uncertain, but it is premature to conclude that the operation is never indicated in this condition.We are grateful to Professor A. C. Dornhorst and to Dr. J. L. Pinniger for helpful criticism.
Enhanced Transgene Expression in Cord Blood CD34+-Derived Hematopoietic Cells, Including Developing T Cells and NOD/SCID Mouse Repopulating Cells, Following Transduction with Modified TRIP Lentiviral Vectors
Authors: Aude Sirven, Emmanuel Ravet, Pierre Charneau, Véronique Zennou, Laure Coulombel, Denise Guétard, Françoise Pflumio, Anne Dubart-Kupperschmitt
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

The recent development of lentivirus-derived vectors is an important breakthrough in gene transfer technology because these vectors allow transduction of nondividing cells such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), due to an active nuclear import of reverse-transcribed vector DNA. We recently demonstrated that addition of the central DNA flap of HIV-1 to an HIV-derived lentiviral vector strikingly increases transduction of CD34+ cells. We now describe improvements of the transduction protocol designed to preserve HSC properties and two modifications of the previously described TRIP-CMV vector. First, deletion of the enhancer/promoter of the 3′ LTR in the TRIP-CMV vector resulted in a safer vector (TRIPΔU3-CMV) with conserved transduction efficiency and increased EGFP transgene expression. Second, the original internal CMV promoter was replaced with the promoter for the ubiquitously expressed elongation factor 1α (EF1α). This promoter substitution resulted in a significantly more homogeneous expression of the EGFP transgene in all hematopoietic cell types, including CD34+-derived T lymphocytes, in which the CMV promoter was inactive, and NOD/SCID mouse repopulating cells. We thus present here an HIV-derived lentiviral vector, TRIPΔU3-EF1α, which can very efficiently transduce human cord blood HSC and results in high long-term transgene expression in CD34+-derived T, B, NK, and myeloid hematopoietic cells.
Effect of Therapeutic Footwear on Foot Reulceration in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Gayle E Reiber, Douglas G Smith, Carolyn Wallace, Katrina Sullivan, Shane Hayes, Christy Vath, Matthew L Maciejewski, Onchee Yu, Patrick J Heagerty, Joseph LeMaster
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Many people with diabetes experience lower-limb ulcers. Footwear has been implicated as a primary cause of foot ulcers, yet research is limited on the efficacy of shoe and insert combinations to prevent reulceration.To determine whether extra-depth and -width therapeutic shoes used with 2 types of inserts reduce reulceration in diabetic individuals with a history of foot ulcer.Randomized clinical trial of 400 diabetes patients with history of foot ulcer in 2 Washington State health care organizations who did not require custom shoes for foot deformity and were enrolled between August 1997 and December 1998 and followed up for 2 years. Data collected at regular intervals documented physical, foot, and diabetes characteristics; footwear use; foot lesions; and ulcers.Participants were randomly assigned to receive 3 pairs of therapeutic shoes and 3 pairs of customized medium-density cork inserts with a neoprene closed-cell cover (n = 121); to receive 3 pairs of therapeutic shoes and 3 pairs of prefabricated, tapered polyurethane inserts with a brushed nylon cover (n = 119); or to wear their usual footwear (controls; n = 160).Foot reulceration, compared among the 3 groups.Two-year cumulative reulceration incidence across the 3 groups was low: 15% in the cork-insert group, 14% in the prefabricated-insert group, and 17% in controls. In the intent-to-treat analysis, patients assigned to therapeutic shoes did not have a significantly lower risk of reulceration compared with controls (risk ratio [RR] for the cork-insert group, 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51-1.52 and RR the for prefabricated-insert group, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.48-1.48). All ulcer episodes in patients assigned to therapeutic shoes and 88% wearing nonstudy shoes occurred in patients with foot insensitivity.This study of persons without severe foot deformity does not provide evidence to support widespread dispensing of therapeutic shoes and inserts to diabetic patients with a history of foot ulcer. Study shoes and custom cork or preformed polyurethane inserts conferred no significant ulcer reduction compared with control footwear. This study suggests that careful attention to foot care by health care professionals may be more important than therapeutic footwear but does not negate the possibility that special footwear is beneficial in persons with diabetes who do not receive such close attention to foot care by their health care providers or in individuals with severe foot deformities.
Reversion of Chronic Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Allen A. Futral
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The value of reversion of chronic, established atrial fibrillation has been assessed by reviewing the status of 50 patients after at least 3 months and after an average of 11 months following attempted reversion. Only 19 of these patients maintained normal rhythm, a proportion which is similar to most previously reported experiences by others. At least one instance of ventricular fibrillation due to quinidine sulfate occurred. Within this relatively small group, normal rhythm was successfully maintained almost exclusively in patients with hemodynamically minor heart disease or in those who had undergone ameliorative cardiac surgery. Although the simplicity and immediate efficacy of the reversion procedure was again demonstrated, its value in patients whose chronic atrial fibrillation was associated with stable or progressive congestive heart failure appeared to be limited.
Don't preverbal infants map words onto referents?
Authors: Lakshmi J. Gogate
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Bloom provides a detailed account of children's word learning and comprehension. Yet, this book falls short of explaining the developmental process of word learning. The studies reviewed do not explain how infants begin to map words onto objects or the environment's facilitative role. Researchers must describe how several factors interact and explain the relative importance of each during the development of word learning.
Absorption of Radioactive Vitamin B12 after Total Gastrectomy
Authors: James A. Halsted, Marvin Gasster, Ernst J. Drenick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

Twenty-five years ago Castle1 showed that the oral administration of normal gastric juice mixed with beef muscle to patients with pernicious anemia resulted in a hematologic response, although neither substance was effective by itself. This led to the concept that pernicious anemia is caused by deficiency of a gastric or "intrinsic factor" that normally reacts with an "extrinsic" or food factor to produce a substance necessary for hematopoiesis. The intrinsic factor was found to be present not only in normal human gastric juice but also in the intestinal and gastric mucosa of other animal species, particularly swine.2 Since 1929 a . . .