tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Platelet activating factor mediates interleukin-2-induced lung injury in the rat.
Authors: R Rabinovici, M D Sofronski, J F Renz, L M Hillegas, K M Esser, J Vernick, G Feuerstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Interleukin-2 was recently shown to cause acute lung injury characterized by microvascular permeability defect, interstitial edema, and leukosequestration. Similar responses can also be produced by platelet activating factor (PAF). Thus, the present study aimed to examine whether PAF plays a key role in the development of IL-2-induced lung injury in the anesthetized rat. Intravenous infusion (60 min) of recombinant human IL-2 at 10(5)-10(6) U/rat (n = 7-9) dose-dependently elevated lung water content (27 +/- 1%, P less than 0.01), myeloperoxidase activity (+84 +/- 23%, P less than 0.05), and serum thromboxane B2 (990 +/- 70%, P less than 0.01), but failed to alter blood pressure, hematocrit, serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and circulating leukocytes and platelets. Pretreatment (-30 min) with a potent and specific PAF antagonist, BN 50739 (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, n = 6) prevented the pulmonary edema (P less than 0.05) and thromboxane B2 production (P less than 0.01), and attenuated the elevation of lung myeloperoxidase activity (+18 +/- 16%, P less than 0.05) induced by IL-2. These data suggest that PAF is involved in the pathophysiological processes leading to IL-2-induced lung injury, and point to the potential therapeutic capacity of PAF antagonists in preventing pulmonary edema during IL-2 therapy.
A PARTICULAR COMBINATION OF RISK FACTORS OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER RISK OF MORTALITY EVEN AMONG THOSE WITHOUT ANY CORONARY ARTERY CALCIUM
Authors: Heidi Gransar, Jamal S. Rana, Nathan D. Wong, Khurram Nasir, Johanna H. Moon, Romalisa Miranda-Peats, Alan Rozanski, Sean W. Hayes, Louise E. Thomson, John D. Friedman, Leslee Shaw, Daniel S. Berman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
COST EFFECTIVENESS OF CHEST PAIN UNIT USING THROMBOLYSIS IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (TIMI) SCORE RISK STRATIFICATION
Authors: Priyank Pankajkumar Shah, Nishant Gupta, Sharad Bajaj, Vipin Mittal, Naveen Tyagi, Cynthia Johnson, Fayez Shamoon, Mahesh Bikkina
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Ethical Principles for Everyone
Authors: Frank Davidoff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters19 June 2001Ethical Principles for EveryoneFrank Davidoff, MDFrank Davidoff, MDEditor (Davidoff)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-12-200106190-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:The invasion of medicine by commercial interests, now on a global scale, has led to a serious clash of values. The resulting tensions are particularly unfortunate since, as I have said elsewhere (1), elements of both the medical and commercial value systems are essential if health care is to flourish. I agree with Dr. Mazza that the reluctance of governments to consider health and health care as important, much less as rights, certainly contributes to the problem. But change has to start somewhere, and a major intent of the Tavistock principles is to catalyze that change.Dr. Nelson ...Reference1. Davidoff F. Medicine and commerce. 1: Is managed care a “monstrous hybrid”? [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1998;128:496-9. [PMID: 9499335] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Frank Davidoff, MDAffiliations: Editor (Davidoff) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoChanging the Subject: Ethical Principles for Everyone in Health Care Frank Davidoff Ethical Principles for Everyone Joseph J. Mazza Ethical Principles for Everyone Alan R. Nelson Ethical Principles for Everyone Frédéric Pochard , Marc Grassin , and Elie Azoulay Ethical Principles for Everyone Nelson G. Goodman Metrics Cited byYou can't leap a chasm in two jumps: The institute of medicine health care quality report 19 June 2001Volume 134, Issue 12Page: 1152-1153KeywordsHealth careHealth insurance ePublished: 19 June 2001 Issue Published: 19 June 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Cidofovir Gel as Treatment of Follicular Spicules in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Sander van Boheemen, Terry Jones, Barbara Muhlemann, Mariet C. Feltkamp, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Enes Hajdarbegovic
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

The cause of follicular spicules in multiple myeloma (MM) is not known.We present a case of follicular spicules in a patient with MM, which is very reminiscent of trichodysplasia spinulosa caused by a polyomavirus. No trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus could be isolated from the skin lesions; however, the spicules were positive for Merkel cell carcinoma virus, which is also a polyomavirus.Follicular spicules in MM are probably not caused by the trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated virus. Merkel cell polyomavirus could contribute to the origin of this dermatosis.
Bilateral tension pneumothorax in newborn.
Authors: R. Scott
Journal: BMJ (1969)

prosthetic fitting are particularly important.Such small faults as oedema of the stump and contractures at the hip or knee can cause disproportionately long delays and further morbidity.Doctors and physiotherapists have to ensure the proper bandaging of the stump, the provision of fracture boards, cor- rect position of the limbs in bed, and regular prone lying as well as purposeful exercises.Surely successful recovery and rehabilita- tion after amputation will depend on the team's close attention to such details of post- operative care as much as on the choice of operation.-Iam, etc., W. Y. LOEBL.
Abstract 5584: Finding predictive markers for tumor response to classical cytotoxic drugs.
Authors: Piet Borst, Sven Rottenberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract As attempts to find predictive markers for cytotoxic drugs have been relatively unsuccessful using patient tumor samples (1), we are using a mouse model for BRCA1-deficient mammary tumors to search for such markers. Although these tumors originate in inbred mice from an inactivating deletion of the Brca1 and p53 genes, their response to doxorubicin (2), docetaxel (2), topotecan (3) and PARP inhibitors (4) varies. We have shown that in this tumor model 5 of the 22 tumors respond poorly to docetaxel, because of upregulated drug-transporting P-glycoproteins (5). These 5 were not found by standard gene expression analytical tools, such as significance analysis of microarrays (SAM), and we have shown that SAM only detects resistance markers if present in more than half the tumor samples (5). Better algorithms for the detection of resistance determinants in a subfraction of tumors are being developed by De Ronde and Wessels (5). We are still searching for the cause of the poor docetaxel response in 17 of the 22 tumors. 1. Borst,P. and Wessels,L. (2010). Do predictive signatures really predict response to cancer chemotherapy? Cell Cycle 9, 4836-4840. 2. Rottenberg,S., et al (2007). Selective induction of chemotherapy resistance of mammary tumors in a conditional mouse model for hereditary breast cancer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 104, 12117-12122. 3. Zander,S., et al (2010). Sensitivity and acquired resistance of BRCA1; -53-deficient mouse mammary tumors to the topoisomerase I inhibitor topotecan. Cancer Res. 70, 1700-1710. 4. Rottenberg,S., et al (2008). High sensitivity of BRCA1-deficient mammary tumors to the PARP inhibitor AZD2281 alone and in combination with platinum drugs. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U. S. A 105, 17079-17084. 5. Rottenberg,S., et al (2012). Impact of intertumoral heterogeneity on predicting chemotherapy response of BRCA1-deficient mammary tumors. Cancer Res 72, 2350-2361. Citation Format: Piet Borst, Sven Rottenberg. Finding predictive markers for tumor response to classical cytotoxic drugs. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5584. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5584
RESPONDERS TO LIFE STYLE MODIFICATION AND/OR DRUG THERAPY IN EARLY STAGE DIABETIC PATIENTS SHOW THE SUPPRESSION OF ATHEROMA PROGRESSION
Authors: Yu Kataoka, Satoshi Yasuda, Yoshihiro Miyamoto, Kazuo Sase, Masami Kosuge, Kazuo Kimura, Yasunao Yoshimasa, Shunichi Miyazaki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
ABC of clinical haematology: The hereditary anaemias
Authors: D. J Weatherall
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Hereditary anaemias include disorders of the structure or synthesis of haemoglobin; deficiencies of enzymes that provide the red cell with energy or protect it from chemical damage; and abnormalities of the proteins of the red cell's membrane. Inherited diseases of haemoglobin, haemoglobinopathies, are by far the most important.

The structure of human haemoglobin (Hb) changes during development. By the 12th week embryonic haemoglobin is replaced by fetal haemoglobin (Hb F), which is slowly replaced after birth by the adult haemoglobins, Hb A and Hb A2. Each type of haemoglobin consists of two different pairs of peptide chains; Hb A has the structure α2β2 (namely, two α chains plus two β chains), Hb A2 has α2δ2, and Hb F has α2γ2.



Simplified representation of the genetic control of human haemoglobin. Because α chains are shared by both fetal and adult haemoglobin, mutations of the α globin genes affect haemoglobin production in both fetal and adult life; diseases that are due to defective β globin production are only manifest after birth when Hb A replaces Hb F.



The haemoglobinopathies consist of structural haemoglobin variants (the most important of which are the sickling disorders) and thalassaemias (hereditary defects of the synthesis of either the α or β globin chains).

### Classification and inheritance

The common sickling disorders consist of the homozygous state for the sickle cell gene—that is, sickle cell anaemia (Hb SS)–and the compound heterozygous state for the sickle cell gene and that for either Hb C (another β chain variant) or β thalassaemia (termed Hb SC disease or sickle cell β thalassaemia). The sickle cell mutation results in a single amino acid substitution in the β globin chain; heterozygotes have one normal (βA) and one affected β chain (βS) gene and produce about 60% Hb A and 40% Hb S; homozygotes produce mainly …
Changing patterns of teenage pregnancy: population based study of small areas
Authors: A. McLeod
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To measure the impact of socioeconomic deprivation on rates of teenage pregnancy and the extent of local variation in pregnancy rates in Scotland, and to examine how both have changed over time. <b>Design:</b> Population study using routine data from hospital records, aggregated for small areas. <b>Subjects:</b> Female teenagers resident in Scotland who were treated for pregnancy in an NHS hospital in either 1981-5 (62 338 teenagers) or 1991-5 (48 514) and who were aged 13-19 at the time of conception. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Pregnancy rates per 1000 in age group and the proportions of pregnancies resulting in a maternity (live birth or stillbirth) in teenagers aged 13-15, 16-17, and 18-19. <b>Results:</b> From the 1980s to the 1990s pregnancy rates increased differentially according to levels of local deprivation, as measured by the Carstairs index. Among teenagers aged less than 18 the annual pregnancy rate increased in the most deprived areas (from 7.0 to 12.5 pregnancies per 1000 13-15 year olds and from 67.6 to 84.6 per 1000 16-17 year olds), but there was no change, on average, among teenagers in the most affluent areas (3.8 per 1000 13-15 year olds and 28.9 per 1000 16-17 year olds). Among 18-19 year olds the pregnancy rate decreased in the most affluent areas (from 60.0 to 46.3 per 1000) and increased in the most deprived areas (from 112.4 to 116.0 per 1000). The amount of local variation explained by deprivation more than doubled from the 1980s to the 1990s. The proportion of pregnancies resulting in a maternity was positively associated with level of deprivation, but the effect remained similar over time. <b>Conclusion:</b> From the 1980s to the 1990s the difference in rates of teenage pregnancy between more affluent and more deprived areas widened. This has implications for allocating resources to achieve government targets and points to important social processes behind the general increase in the number of teenage pregnancies in Scotland. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Rates of teenage pregnancy are considerably higher in the United Kingdom than in other western European countries In the United Kingdom rates of teenage pregnancy are known to be higher in areas of greater socioeconomic deprivation, although local variation may also reflect differential access to family planning services <h3>What this study adds</h3> From 1981-5 to 1991-5 rates of teenage pregnancy in Scotland increased more rapidly in areas of greater socioeconomic deprivation In the 1990s socioeconomic deprivation explained more than 50% of local variation in rates of teenage pregnancy, more than double the amount explained by it in the 1980s
TCT-283 Results Of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention With Sequent Please® Paclitaxel Eluting Balloon Catheter At A Very Long-Term Follow-Up.
Authors: Ignacio Sanchez-Perez, Alfonso Jurado-Roman, Manuel Marina-Breysse, Natalia Pinilla, Maria T. Lopez-Lluva, Jesus Piqueras-Flores, Javier Benezet, Fernando Lozano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Flat-foot in Recruits
Authors: R. T. Burkitt
Journal: BMJ (1941)

Flat-foot in RecruitsTo anyone whlo has been responsible for the medical super- vision of recruits it becomes obvious that the condition of flat-foot in all its varying degrees is by far the commonest cause of doubtful efficiency; and it is, I think, experience alone that guides one in the most satisfactory disposal of these cases.I have therefore collected statistics as complete and accurate as possible relating to the incidence, methods of treatment, and progress of all cases of flat-foot in an infantry battalion during its first six months of training.All degrees of flat-foot have been encountered.The "severe " form, in which the head of the talus has gone right over and the flatness is " complete," causes least trouble.Some men with this condition are placed in a category barring them from an infantry regiment.Of those who are not the majority have no trouble with their feet at all, they can per- form long route marches, and suffer only from blisters occur- ring through pressure on the boot.It is a recognized fact that the severest pain is always caused by the high arched foot beginning to give way, and I have amply proved this in my limited experience.TREATMENT
SAT0180 B7-H4 expression of renal tubular epithelial cells in patients with lupus nephritis
Authors: X. Li, D. Yu, X. Wang, X. Li, G. Wang
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> B7-H4 is a newly identified B7 family negative co-stimulate molecule, the expression and function of B7-H4, in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN) is still unclear. <h3>Objectives</h3> To investigate the expression of B7-H4 in patients with LN and the function of renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs)-associated B7-H4 in the regulation of T cell activation in vitro. <h3>Methods</h3> 90 LN patients, 3 acute kidney injury patients and 20 healthy donors were referred. Disease activity was assessed by SLEDAI scores. The expression of B7-H4 on kidney biopsies from patients with LN and acute kidney injury was measured using immunohistochemistry. In vitro, B7-H4 antigen on cultured HK-2 cells with or without stimulation by inflammatory factors was detected by flow cytometry. After co-cultured with HK-2 and purified CD4+T cells labeled with CFSE for 72 hours, T cell proliferation was detected by flow cytometry. The soluble B7-H4 in sera of LN patients and healthy donors were analyzed using ELISA. <h3>Results</h3> B7-H4 antigen expressed on tubular epithelium, the percentage of B7-H4 positive expression renal tubules from LN patients (45±16) % was lower than acute kidney injury patients (86±11) % (P&lt;0.05). In vitro, the expression of B7-H4 on HK-2 cells was elevated upon stimulation by inflammatory factors, mixed lymphocyte reactions revealed that HK-2-related B7-H4 inhibits proliferation of co-cultured T cells. The soluble B7-H4 in serum of LN patients (61.45±29.38ng/ml) was not significantly lower than healthy controls (70.57±27.24ng/ml), but stronger association of serum soluble B7-H4 with serum creatinine levels was observed in LN patients (r=0.353, p=0.005). In addition, the mean concentration of soluble B7-H4 level in high activity group (74.40±31.95 ng/ml) was significantly higher than those in moderate group (51.89±21.79 ng/ml) (p=0.017) <h3>Conclusions</h3> B7-H4 molecules may play a role in the progress of LN, a clear understanding of its functional roles may further elucidate the pathogenesis of this disease. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Obstacles to the Successful Treatment of Primary Enuresis
Authors: S. Richard Muellner
Journal: JAMA (1961)

IN A RECENT communication<sup>1, 2</sup>the cause of primary enuresis was shown to be an improper development of the bladder capacity of the child between the ages of 2 and 4½. Children who continue to wet the bed after the age of 4½ do so because they retain their infantile bladder capacity and void in 2-, 3-, or 4-oz. amounts instead of 7-, 8-, or 10-oz. Their bladder is too small for their age and size. The enuretic child is, therefore, unable to hold the total output of night urine and voids during sleep. The persistence of the small bladder capacity was found to be due to an inadequate use of the "voluntary mechanism of micturition," skill in the manipulation of which, the child gradually acquires between the ages of 2 and 4½, although some children do not become completely proficient in its use until they are 6½
Molecular Characterization of Defective Antigen Processing in Human Prostate Cancer
Authors: M. G. Sanda, N. P. Restifo, J. C. Walsh, Y. Kawakami, W. G. Nelson, D. M. Pardoll, J. W. Simons
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Gene-modified tumor cell vaccines have shown efficacy in animal models of malignancy, including prostate cancer. Class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) assembly and function in the cellular targets of such therapies is pivotal in determining the efficacy of specific cytokine-secreting tumor vaccines.
Genomic Rearrangements Define Lineage Relationships between Adjacent Lepidic and Invasive Components in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Stephen J. Murphy, Dennis A. Wigle, Joema Felipe Lima, Faye R. Harris, Sarah H. Johnson, Geoffrey Halling, Michael K. Asiedu, Charlie T. Seto, Simone Terra, Farhad Kosari, Tobias Peikert, Ping Yang, Marie-Christine Aubry, George Vasmatzis
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The development of adenocarcinoma of the lung is believed to proceed from in situ disease (adenocarcinoma in situ, AIS) to minimally invasive disease with prominent lepidic growth (minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, MIA), then to fully invasive adenocarcinoma (AD), but direct evidence for this model has been lacking. Because some lung adenocarcinomas show prominent lepidic growth (AD-L), we designed a study to address the lineage relationship between the lepidic (noninvasive) component (L) and the adjacent nonlepidic growth component representing invasive disease within individual tumors. Lineage relationships were evaluated by next-generation DNA sequencing to define large genomic rearrangements in microdissected tissue specimens collected by laser capture. We found a strong lineage relationship between the majority of adjacent lepidic and invasive components, supporting a putative AIS–AD transition. Notably, many rearrangements were detected in the less aggressive lepidic component, although the invasive component exhibited an overall higher rate of genomic rearrangement. Furthermore, a significant number of genomic rearrangements were present in histologically normal lung adjacent to tumor, but not in host germline DNA, suggesting field defects restricted to zonal regions near a tumor. Our results offer a perspective on the genetic pathogenesis underlying adenocarcinoma development and its clinical management. Cancer Res; 74(11); 3157–67. ©2014 AACR.
Tc-99m DTPA Uptake in Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma Masquerading as a Phantom Kidney
Authors: SHIGERU KOSUDA, SHOICHI KUSANO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

The authors describe a patient who underwent Tc-99m DTPA renal scintigraphy that revealed tracer uptake in a malignant fibrous histiocytoma that mimicked part of the right kidney on dynamic and static images.
Future shape of general practice in England
Authors: S. Gillam
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Poorly planned policies could hasten its decline

Governments are generally loath to alienate general practitioners. They fear that their discontented mutterings might inflame over 6 million patients a week. Now that the NHS is once more central to pre-election manifestos and voters’ concerns UK politicians of all parties are treading carefully.1

David Cameron recently reiterated his commitment to ensuring that GPs will be available to patients seven days a week between 8 am and 8 pm if his party is re-elected next year. Exactly how this can be achieved against a backdrop of increasing workforce shortages is unclear. Within days his health secretary was reassuring doctors that consultations could be undertaken by email, telephone, or Skype as well as face to face. Extended access is only the latest in a series of schemes designed to “relieve pressure on hospitals” while assuaging the public’s supposed desire for limitless primary care. Have any of them worked?

NHS Direct, a telephone helpline led by nurses, was established in 1998. Its introduction was associated with the halting of an upward trend in use of out of hours services, but the use of emergency departments or ambulance services did not fall in the medium or longer term.2

The most comprehensive attempt to manage demand for primary care …
Coincidental Presentations of Ganglioneuroma and Atypical Perforated Appendicitis Detected by Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography
Authors: Yang Lu, Josef Fox, Mark Dunphy
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

An 11-year-old boy presented with acute nausea and right lower quadrant pain. A contrast-enhanced CT demonstrated a 10-cm left retroperitoneal mass and no other suspicious findings. An fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography performed 2 days later demonstrated inflammatory findings in the region of the appendix, hypermetabolic right psoas adenopathy, and the known retroperitoneal mass, which was less hypermetabolic. At laparoscopic surgery, an acute perforated appendicitis, walled-off by omentum, was discovered. Biopsy of the retroperitoneal mass was compatible with ganglioneuroma. This case exemplifies the utility of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for detecting an inflammatory or infectious process coincident with a neighboring neoplastic process.