tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transmission of Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis-Reply
Authors: J. Stephen Dumler
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The letter by Dr Reed and colleagues lends further support to the concept that HGE is transmitted by a tick vector. While the case report suggests transmission of the bacterium to the patient described through the bite of the<i>I scapularis</i>tick, definitive proof for cause and effect is lacking. The tick was described as engorged (a consequence of the blood meal) at the time of removal. Conceivably, the tick could have taken the blood meal after the patient had already become infected with HGE from a different source, but had not yet developed symptoms of HGE at the time when the tick attached. Thus, detection of identical 16S ribosomal DNA profiles for patient blood and tick extract merely proves that the patient and the tick contained the identical bacterium at the time of sampling. The tick removed was an adult female<i>Ixodes</i>tick. It is unlikely that
Weak Data Mire Colon Screening Debate
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1991)

NEW DATA are not quelling the colon cancer screening controversy. The American Cancer Society is sticking to its advice for fecal occult blood tests to be performed after age 40 and flexible sigmoidoscopy after age 50. This is despite a new Congressional Office of Technology Assessment report. It concludes that screening does not detect enough colon cancer, the second leading cause of cancer death, to justify the cost to Medicare, especially when there is no proof of any impact on mortality (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:2732). "Looking at exactly the same data, we come up with a different conclusion," says Charles M. Huguley, Jr, MD, a consultant to the American Cancer Society's Medical Affairs Department and professor emeritus at Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga. Screening proponents at recent gastroenterology meetings have presented studies they say show that more intensive follow-up of positive stools with colonoscopy is "mandatory." One analysis says doing
Osteoarthritis of the Hip
Authors: Nancy E. Lane
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

A 70-year-old man reports a gradual onset of hip pain that has limited his activities for about a year. The pain initially occurred only with walking and was limited to the anterior hip area but now has spread to the side of the hip and is present at rest. He has no history of hip, back, or lower back injury and has no pain or morning stiffness in any other joints. He has been taking ibuprofen at a dose of 200 mg once or twice daily, without improvement. How should the patient be evaluated and treated?
The 1990 Florida Dental Investigation: Is the Case Really Closed?
Authors: Stephen Barr
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

In 1994, a magazine article, a newspaper article, and a segment of the television newsmagazine 60 Minutes presented information that cast doubt on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's conclusion that a dentist in Florida had infected six of his patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These reports were based on previously unavailable documentary evidence, which suggested that the infected patients had unreported or undetected risk factors for HIV infection and that the molecular analyses used to determine that the dentist and his patients had the same strains of HIV had potentially serious flaws. A recent article in this journal sought to dismiss the relevance of this information in the eyes of the scientific community. That report, however, failed to respond directly to many key pieces of evidence, and it offered no rebuttal beyond personal invective and a reassertion of previously published material. Although scientists and clinicians should not rely solely on media reports when drawing conclusions about this complex and controversial case, they deserve a chance to consider and reflect on this material in a meaningful way.
Circulating pEGFR Is a Candidate Response Biomarker of Cetuximab Therapy in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Theodora Katsila, Mercè Juliachs, Josep Gregori, Teresa Macarulla, Laura Villarreal, Alberto Bardelli, Chris Torrance, Elena Elez, Josep Tabernero, Josep Villanueva
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose: The lack of secreted biomarkers measurable by noninvasive tests hampers the development of effective targeted therapies against cancer. Our hypothesis is that cetuximab (an anti-EGFR mAb) induces a specific secretome in colorectal cancer cells that could be exploited for biomarker discovery. Experimental Design: Considering the strong correlation between mutated KRAS and a lack of response to cetuximab therapy, we addressed whether performing secretome-based proteomics on isogenic colorectal cancer cells sharing the KRAS mutations found on patients would yield candidate-secreted biomarkers useful in the clinical setting. Because 2D culture did not optimally model the sensitivity/resistance to cetuximab observed in colorectal cancer patients, we moved to 3D spheroids, developing a methodology for both cell-based assays and quantitative proteomics. Results: A large comparative quantitative proteomic analysis of the 3D secretomes of colorectal cancer isogenic cells treated with cetuximab uncovered an EGFR pathway-centric secretome found only when cells grow in 3D. The validation of the secretome findings in plasma of colorectal cancer patients, suggests that phosphorylated-EGFR (pEGFR) is a candidate-secreted biomarker of response to cetuximab. Conclusions: We have proved that 3D spheroids from colorectal cancer cells generate secretomes with a drug-sensitivity profile that correlates well with patients with colorectal cancer, illustrating molecular connections between intracellular and extracellular signaling. Furthermore, we show how the secretion of pEGFR is associated with the sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to cetuximab and the response of patients with colorectal cancer to the drug. Our work could allow the noninvasive monitoring of anti-EGFR treatment in patients with colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 20(24); 6346–56. ©2014 AACR.
Abstract 5: Real-time <i>in vivo</i> imaging of osteosarcoma angiogenesis
Authors: Fuminari Uehara, Yasunori Tome, Hiroki Maehara, Fuminori Kanaya, Shinji Miwa, Yukihiko Hiroshima, Shuya Yano, Mako Yamamoto, Yasunori Matsumoto, Robert M. Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract We report here real-time color-coded imaging of osteosarcoma-induced angiogenesis in vivo. Gelfoam® (5×5 mm) treated with β fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was initially transplanted subcutaneously in the flank of transgenic nestin-driven green fluorescent protein (ND-GFP) nude mice (n=12). In ND-GFP mice, nascent blood vessels are labeled with GFP, including those growing in Gelfoam®. Seven days after transplantation of Gelfoam®, skin flaps were made and human 143B osteosarcoma cells expressing GFP in the nucleus and red fluorescent protein (RFP) in the cytoplasm were injected into the transplanted Gelfoam®. The control group had only Gelfoam® transplanted without subsequent cancer-cell inoculation. Skin flaps were made at days 14, 21, 28 after transplantation of the Gelfoam® to allow observation of vascularization of the Gelfoam® using fluorescence imaging after both with and without cell inoculation. ND-GFP expressing nascent blood vessels penetrated and spread into the Gelfoam® in both the non-cellular control and after cancer-cell inoculation. The mean length of ND-GFP expressing blood vessels of mice with osteosarcoma cells seeded on the Gelfoam® increased compared to the Gelfoam®-only control at days 14, 21, 28 after transplantation of the Gelfoam® (at day 14, 21 ; p&amp;lt;0.05, at day 28 ; p&amp;lt;0.01). The results demonstrate that the osteosarcoma cells stimulated angiogenesis within the Gelfoam®. This model enables facile imaging of cancer-cell-induced angiogenesis and the study of its mechanism and inhibition. Citation Format: Fuminari Uehara, Yasunori Tome, Hiroki Maehara, Fuminori Kanaya, Shinji Miwa, Yukihiko Hiroshima, Shuya Yano, Mako Yamamoto, Yasunori Matsumoto, Robert M. Hoffman. Real-time in vivo imaging of osteosarcoma angiogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5
Time to death, airway wall inflammation and remodelling in fatal asthma
Authors: A. L. James, J. G. Elliot, M. J. Abramson, E. H. Walters
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

Fatal asthma is characterised pathologically by airway wall remodelling, eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration, accumulation of mucus in the airway lumen and smooth muscle shortening. The durations of fatal attacks of asthma show a clear bimodal distribution. Airway smooth muscle contraction and the accumulation of luminal mucus may contribute to death from asthma and relate to time to death. The current authors have examined these two components in uninflated lung tissue in cases of fatal asthma from the second Victorian asthma mortality study. Based on time from onset of symptoms to death, cases fell into two distinct groups: short course <3 (1.5+/-0.6 mean+/-sd) h; and long course >8 (12.3+/-5.9) h. Short course cases had more muscle shortening, higher levels of salbutamol and higher ratios of neutrophils to eosinophils than long course cases, who tended to have more mucus in the lumen. In conclusion, this study confirms the dichotomy of both time to death and the eosinophil/neutrophil ratio in cases of fatal asthma. It suggests that in short course cases acute airway narrowing is due, predominantly, to bronchoconstriction despite higher blood levels of salbutamol. Mucus accumulation may be more important in long course cases.
General Anesthesia and the Central Nervous System: A Basic Science and Clinical Consideration
Authors: Martin H. Lebowitz
Journal: JAMA (1970)

A close association with his own department of pharmacology has enabled Dr. Jenkins to bring together in this book much of what is presently known on neuropharmacology. A brief review of neuroanatomy is presented first, followed by a well-documented discussion of current concepts in central nervous system physiology and pharmacology. These chapters act as a prelude to the second half of the book which presents the effects of special anesthesia techniques and management of the patient with neurological disease. Thus, Dr. Jenkins develops an approach to anesthesia for neurosurgery based upon current scientific concepts. Each chapter is intricately outlined. Reading follows easily, but frequently material beyond the basic concept of the book is included in great detail. Several subheadings can be found with a few superfluous sentences as if to fill in space. The author occasionally discusses the same subject in different chapters under related headings. The final section on
State Medical Discipline: Defects and Hindrances
Authors: Dale G Breaden
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In 1913, a year after the founding of the Federation of State Medical Boards of the United States, N. P. Colwell, MD, secretary of the American Medical Association's Council on Medical Education and an original fellow of the federation, writing in the first issue of the federation's quarterly, stressed the need of the state medical boards for improved medical practice acts, adequate funding and staffing, increased legal authority, and effective communication among themselves regarding unfit practitioners. The state boards, he said, "have striven valiantly against almost insurmountable obstacles to do their full duty.... The important thing is for [them] to recognize the defects... take stock of the hindrances, and altogether, through the Federation of State Medical Boards... press the campaign for betterment."<sup>1</sup> For 75 years, the federation has pressed the campaign for betterment in medical licensure and discipline. In its publications and educational programs, in every professional and public
Effect of Synthetic Angiotonin on the Carotid Sinus
Authors: J. W. MCCUBBIN, IRVINE H. PAGE, F. MERLIN BUMPUS
Journal: Circulation Research (1957)

Natural decapeptide or synthetic octapeptide angiotonin was ineffective in lowering arterial pressure or decreasing the carotid occlusion response when injected into the carotid sinus adventitia. Injection of synthetic octapeptide angiotonin into the lumen of the carotid sinus after tying its branches decreased the carotid occlusion response but the effect depended on dosage many times the pressor activity of 1 γ of norepinephrine which elicited a comparable effect.
Developing countries call on WHO to focus on public health issues not drug patents
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Developing countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America—spearheaded by India and Brazil—have secured passage of a resolution that calls for a major review of the World Health Organization’s role in combating counterfeit and substandard drugs.

The demands seek to curtail the role of WHO in intellectual property enforcement issues and to prioritise public health concerns.

The resolution calls for Margaret Chan, head of WHO, to establish a working group to examine from a “public health perspective, excluding intellectual property considerations,” the agency’s role “in measures to ensure the availability of quality, safe, efficacious and affordable medical products.”

It also calls for an examination of WHO’s relationship with the International Medical Products Anti-counterfeiting Taskforce, which includes the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers & Associations, and international agencies such as the World Customs Organization, Interpol, the World Trade Organization, the OECD, among others.

Maria Nazareth Farani Azevedo, Brazil’s ambassador to the UN in Geneva, told the BMJ , “What we have today in WHO is a blurred process in which …
Neglect of the coronary circulation: some critical remarks on problems in the translation of cardioprotection
Authors: G. Heusch, R. Schulz
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

2][3] Timely reperfusion, as originally reported in dogs by John Ross Jr over 30 years ago, 4-6 is still the only way to reduce ultimate infarct size but comes also at a price and induces injury in itself. 7,82][13][14][15] Although the phenomena of ischaemic pre-and postconditioning have stimulated research on the pathobiology of myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion in general, and notably on endogenous protective signalling mechanisms, 12,16 their value has thus far remained mostly paradigmatic.The translation of experimental findings to patients with acute myocardial infarction has remained somewhat inferential for ischaemic preconditioning 11 and has been limited to small-scale proof-of-concept studies in highly selected patients 17,18 or retrospective analyses 19 for ischaemic postconditioning, but has not yet been successful as a therapeutic reality.Obvious problems in the translation of cardioprotection from the experiment to the clinic have been critically reviewed before, [13][14][15]20 including the choice of species and model to mimic the human situation, the choice of the potentially cardioprotective molecule/drug, the design of the clinical trial with respect to dose and time of treatment, and the selection of patients with respect to size, site and collateralization of their infarcting myocardium, their age, 21 co-morbidities, and co-treatments. 22Surprisingly, the coronary circulation, which is the ultimate culprit of acute myocardial infarction, has been neglected as a potential problem in the translation of experimental findings from animals with sudden occlusion and immediate reperfusion of otherwise healthy normal coronary arteries to humans with pre-existing coronary artery disease of varying extent and duration.Here, we focus on three aspects: (i) coronary microembolization prior to acute myocardial infarction, (ii) incomplete reperfusion following acute myocardial infarction, and (iii) interference of cardioprotective signalling with coronary artery disease and its treatment.
Women with heart failure survive longer than men
Authors: X. Bosch
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Women who have end stage heart failure with marked symptoms and severe left ventricular dysfunction live twice as long as their male counterparts, according to the results of a recent study ( Circulation 1999;99:1816-21).Moreover, they also have a survival advantage even if their congestive heart failure is as severe as that of their male counterparts and they have had the disease for the same duration.

The study, which was based on the Flolan international randomised survival trial, enrolled …
Abstract LB-115: NAC1 is an actin binding protein essential for the cytokinesis of cancer cells and plays a role in the patterning of murine vertebral axis
Authors: Kai Lee Yap, Stephanie I. Fraley, Polina Sysa Shah, Fengying Wang, Michelle M. Thiaville, Natini Jinawath, Kentaro Nakayama, Jianlong Wang, Cory Brayton, Brad Bolon, Kathleen Gabrielson, Denis Wirtz, Tian-Li Wang, Ie-Ming Shih
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Nucleus accumbens-associated protein 1 (NAC1) is a member of the BTB (Bric-a-Brac Tramtrack Broad complex) family of proteins. Recent studies have demonstrated NAC1 expression is essential for sustaining cancer cell proliferation and migration, but its molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this report, we show that NAC1 is an actin monomer binding protein with a Kd of 0.78 μM, and the BTB domain is the actin-binding domain. Disrupting NAC1 protein complex function using a dominant-negative construct or RNA-interference resulted in reduced traction and incomplete abscission during late stage cytokinesis leading to multi-nucleation of cancer cells. We examined the phenotype of Nac1 knockout mice, and discovered the loss in expression of the Nac1 protein led to a patterning defect of the vertebral skeletal axis. Nac1-null mice were correlated with morphological transformation of the sixth lumbar vertebra into a sacral identity; a decreased total number of pre-sacral vertebrae elements from 26 in wild type mice to 25. Taken together, we explored the role of NAC1 as an actin binding protein essential for the cytokinesis of cancer cells, and its effects on patterning of the murine vertebral axis. These findings advance our knowledge of this physiologically-relevant protein in the field of mammalian development and cancer biology. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-115. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-115
Glucose and Insulin Response to High Carbohydrate Meals in Normal and Maturity-onset Diabetic Subjects
Authors: David S Schade, R P Eaton, William Mitchell, Theresa Ortega
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

Previous studies using glucose tolerance testing demonstrated late afternoon glucose intolerance in normal subjects. To determine whether this alteration in carbohydrate metabolism also occurs with food intake, the effects of identical high carbohydrate meals on glucose tolerance were assessed in 12 normal and 5 maturity-onset diabetic subjects. A meal consisting of 60% carbohydrate, 14% protein, and 26% fat was administered for breakfast, lunch, and supper and the effects on glucose tolerance and plasma insulin concentration assessed. In normal subjects, glucose intolerance was observed during the evening meal, in association with a relative deficiency of plasma insulin secretion. In the maturity-onset diabetic subjects, glucose intolerance was observed at all meals but was exaggerated at supper. Thus, this study suggests that high carbohydrate diets composed primarily of simple sugars will result in exaggerated glucose intolerance in the late afternoon and should be avoided by maturity-onset diabetic patients.
Rat hepatic bile acid sulfotransferase: Identification of the catalytic polypeptide and evidence for polymeric forms in female rats
Authors: Robert H. Collins, Leon Lack, Kenneth M. Harman, Paul G. Killenberg
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

A monoclonal antibody, PK1B, directed against rat liver bile acid sulfotransferase was used for the purification and characterization of the enzyme. Incubation of rat liver supernatant with the antibody followed by immunoprecipitation with Staphylococcus aureus cells demonstrated that PK1B reacted with 90% of the enzymatic activity present in the liver supernatant from female rats and 40 to 50% of the activity in male liver preparations. Immunoadsorption chromatography with PK1B bound to Sepharose isolated active enzyme which was purified greater than 75-fold. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of this preparation in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol demonstrated three polypeptides: M r 29,500; 32,500, and 34,000. Western blot analysis indicated that PK1B recognized an epitope which was found only on the M r 29,500 polypeptide. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis associated the enzymatic activity with this M r 29,500 band. High-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of immunopurified enzyme defined three distinct, enzymatically active protein populations: I (M r 400,000 to 170,000); II (M r 130,000), and III (M r 43,000). An M r 29,500 polypeptide was the sole constituent of Peaks I and III and a major constituent of Peak II. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence and absence of 2-mercaptoethanol indicated that in Peak II, catalytically active M r 29,500 protein is associated with the other two polypeptides by disulfide bonds. In contrast, Peak I consists of a polymer of M r 29,500 polypeptide which is independent of disulfide interaction.
More paediatric renal donors should be used for adult recipients
Authors: D Talbot, K L Narasimhan, D M Mirza, M G Thick, D Manas
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Appropriately, the shortage of organs for renal transplantation commands increasing space in journals.1 One aspect, however, does not seem to have been adequately covered and offers the potential of increasing the number of donors for renal transplantation.

Paediatric donors are used for children unless they are very small, in which case they are often rejected, particularly in Britain. The United Kingdom Transplant Support Service Authority reports that up to April this year 480 donors were offered for kidney donation but …
Self reported injury patterns among competitive curlers in the United States: a preliminary investigation into the epidemiology of curling injuries
Authors: J C Reeser, R L Berg
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

To investigate the injury patterns among competitive curlers.Participants at two curling championship events were asked to complete injury history questionnaires.76 curlers (39%) participated; 79% of these reported curling related musculoskeletal pain, most commonly involving the knee (54%), back (33%), and shoulder (20%). Sweeping and delivering the stone were most likely to provoke symptoms. Time loss injuries were estimated to occur at a rate of 2 per 1000 athlete exposures.Curling appears to be a relatively safe winter sport. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these preliminary findings and to further define the risk factors for curling related injuries.
Detroit Cancer Centers Merge Into Foundation
Authors: D. Milne
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Detroit Cancer Centers Merge Into Foundation Get access David Milne David Milne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 16, 17 August 1994, Pages 1189–1191, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.16.1189 Published: 17 August 1994