tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aneurysm of the Left Internal Carotid Artery Simulating Pituitary Tumour
Authors: S. D. Lodge, G. F. Walker, M. J. Stewart
Journal: BMJ (1927)

CAROTID ANEURYSM SIMULATING PITUITARY TUMOUR.[I MC 1179 in the eyes and eyesight, and no difficulty may be experi- enced witlh figures and sums.The condition is said to be uncommon, but it is highly probable that it is frequently overlooked.The following case is evidence of this.A boy, aged 14 years, was brought to see me by his widowed mother with the object of ascertaining whether his difficulty in learning the letters of the alphabet and his inability to read could be attributed to some visual defect.The family had only recently removed to Dundee from another district of Scotland.The following history was obtained.He was sent to school at the age of 5 years.At once his teachers noticed that he experieniced the greatest difficulty in learning the written letters of the alphabet, and that he was totally unable to recognize written words, however simple.This pecui-arity being attributed to backwar dness or stupidity he was relegated to, and kept in, the infant classes throughout his school life, even although he showed no difficulty in learning figures anid in beinig able to do simple suims correctly.On examination his vision was found to be 616 in each eye, as ascertained by the figures on Sniellen's test types.The refrac- tion was emmetropic.The boy was undersized or his age, but healthy looking, bright, and intelligent.He had had no serious illnesses, and no history of eye troubles could be obtained in any other memnber of the family.When asked to read prinited letters he only did so correctly after several unsuccessful attempts.He was totally unable to read even the simplest words, such as " cat " On August 5th, 1926, a woman, aged 19, was operated upon at Charing Cross Hosptal for a chronic right-sided pali4f.The diagnosis had been extremely doubtful and an exploratory Aaparo- tomy was performed through a paramedian incision.The only
A NOTE ON SOME CASES OF GROUPED COMEDONES IN INFANTS
Authors: E. H. R. HARRIES, B.S. Lond
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1911)

Journal Article A NOTE ON SOME CASES OF GROUPED COMEDONES IN INFANTS Get access E. H. R. HARRIES, M.D., E. H. R. HARRIES, M.D. Senior Assistant Medical Officer, City Hospital, Fazakerley, Liverpool Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B.S. Lond, D.P.H. B.S. Lond, D.P.H. Senior Assistant Medical Officer, City Hospital, Fazakerley, Liverpool Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 23, Issue 1, 1 January 1911, Pages 5–8, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1911.tb16650.x Published: 01 January 1911
Calcification in the Portal Venous System
Authors: D. W. Sherrick, Owings W. Kincaid, Earl E. Gambill
Journal: JAMA (1964)

CALCIFICATION in the upper part of the abdomen is a relatively common finding on roentgenograms of this region. One of the rarest causes of abdominal calcification is the deposition of lime salts within a thrombus in the portal venous system. Such calcification has, to our knowledge, been reported only three times in the literature. Because of the rarity of this radiologic finding, and the importance of its recognition and distinction from other calcifications within the abdomen, the following case is presented. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 56-year-old man first seen at the Mayo Clinic in 1943 complained of progressive weakness and intermittent swelling of the abdomen and legs of ten months' duration. The only significant history was an abdominal injury in 1939. Physical examination revealed slight dilatation of the cutaneous veins over the lower part of the abdomen, ascites, splenomegaly, and edema of the lower extremities. Laboratory findings on admission
Repetitive DNA is associated with centromeric domains in Trypanosoma brucei but not Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Samson O Obado, Christopher Bot, Daniel Nilsson, Bjorn Andersson, John M Kelly
Journal: Genome biology (2007)

Abstract Background Trypanosomes are parasitic protozoa that diverged early from the main eukaryotic lineage. Their genomes display several unusual characteristics and, despite completion of the trypanosome genome projects, the location of centromeric DNA has not been identified. Results We report evidence on the location and nature of centromeric DNA in Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei . In T. cruzi , we used telomere-associated chromosome fragmentation and found that GC-rich transcriptional 'strand-switch' domains composed predominantly of degenerate retrotranposons are a shared feature of regions that confer mitotic stability. Consistent with this, etoposide-mediated topoisomerase-II cleavage, a biochemical marker for active centromeres, is concentrated at these domains. In the 'megabase-sized' chromosomes of T. brucei , topoisomerase-II activity is also focused at single loci that encompass regions between directional gene clusters that contain transposable elements. Unlike T. cruzi , however, these loci also contain arrays of AT-rich repeats stretching over several kilobases. The sites of topoisomerase-II activity on T. brucei chromosome 1 and T. cruzi chromosome 3 are syntenic, suggesting that centromere location has been conserved for more than 200 million years. The T. brucei intermediate and minichromosomes, which lack housekeeping genes, do not exhibit site-specific accumulation of topoisomerase-II, suggesting that segregation of these atypical chromosomes might involve a centromere-independent mechanism. Conclusion The localization of centromeric DNA in trypanosomes fills a major gap in our understanding of genome organization in these important human pathogens. These data are a significant step towards identifying and functionally characterizing other determinants of centromere function and provide a framework for dissecting the mechanisms of chromosome segregation.
A CASE OF BLACK TONGUE.
Authors: HUGO A. KIEFER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

<h3>Patient.</h3> —J. G., aged 21, a Servian by birth, and a cook by profession, was admitted to the hospital Feb. 6, 1906, suffering from a severe attack of quinsy, which had set in six days previously. <h3>Examination.</h3> —On the day of admission, examination showed the entire dorsum of the tongue to be covered by a thick, tough, grayish-white membrane, which was closely adherent. It was possible to remove only small particles, which left no raw surface. The entire surface of the soft palate, the pillars of the fauces, and the tonsils were covered with minute patches of grayish-white membrane easily removable and leaving no erosions. A very large peritonsillar abscess on the left, together with the swelling of the fauces on the right, shut off a view of the oropharynx. <h3>Treatment.</h3> —The abscess was incised and evacuated, yielding over one-half ounce of pus not differing in gross appearance from that
ALCOHOLISM AND TRAFFIC FATALITIES: STUDY IN FUTILITY
Authors: MELVIN L. SELZER, SUE WEISS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

Of 72 drivers responsible for fatal traffic accidents in Washtenaw County, Michigan, 29 (40 percent) were alcoholic, 7 (10 percent) were prealcoholic and 36 (50 percent) were nonalcoholic. Hence one-half of the drivers had serious drinking problems of a chronic nature. Of the 46 (65 percent) drivers known to have been drinking prior to the fatal accident, 35 (75 percent) were alcoholics or prealcoholics who usually had blood alcohol levels in excess of 0.14 percent. Many of the 29 alcoholic drivers had a long history of serious psychopathology which may well have contributed to their accident susceptibility. They were frequently paranoid(52 percent), violent(28 percent), depressed(28 percent) or suicidal (14 percent). The records revealed that 13(45 percent) of the alcoholic drivers had at least one prior arrest for drunk driving or drunk and disorderly conduct and 16 had at one time driven with revoked licenses, including three who had no license at the time of the fatal accident. In addition, the alcoholic drivers were responsible for significantly more prior serious accidents and moving traffic violations than the nonalcoholic drivers. Two of the alcoholic drivers had killed other persons in prior traffic accidents while driving in an intoxicated state. This investigation demonstrates that an identifiable group of alcoholic drivers was responsible for approximately one-half of the fatal accidents studied. Many serious traffic accidents are caused by alcoholic, intoxicated persons whose illness immunizes them against present deterrents. The authors believe that only a program designed to detect, restrain and rehabilitate the alcoholic driver will protect us from the "inevitabilities" which are now mislabeled "accidents."
Alterations in calcium antagonist receptors and sodium-calcium exchange in cardiomyopathic hamster tissues.
Authors: J A Wagner, H F Weisman, A M Snowman, I J Reynolds, M L Weisfeldt, S H Snyder
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

The Syrian cardiomyopathic (CM) hamster (BIO 14.6) develops a progressive cardiomyopathy characterized by cellular necrosis, hypertrophy, and, eventually, cardiac dilatation and congestive heart failure. Several lines of evidence implicate cellular calcium overload as an important etiologic factor. We previously reported an increased number of receptors for calcium antagonist drugs, which block voltage-dependent calcium channels, in heart, skeletal muscle, and brain tissue of these hamsters in the early necrotic stage of the disease. To better characterize the pathophysiological significance of this abnormality we evaluated calcium antagonist receptor binding and Na+-Ca2+ exchange in CM and control hamsters at different stages of disease as documented by quantitative histopathologic assessment. In CM hamsters as young as 10 days, an age previously thought to be before the onset of disease, we identified cardiac myocyte hypertrophy, a twofold increase in calcium antagonist receptor binding in heart and brain, and a 50% increase in skeletal muscle. Overt histological lesions were present in skeletal muscle at 25 days and in heart between 28-30 days. The size of cardiac lesions increased over time and changed from necrotic foci with cellular infiltration to fibrotic or calcified lesions by 360 days. Myocardial cellular hypertrophy persisted through the late stages of the disease (360 days), but increased calcium antagonist binding was present in heart only to 6 months of age, in skeletal muscle to 90 days, and in brain to 30 days. Na+-Ca2+ exchange in heart was normal until 15 days and then increased by 400% at 30 days suggesting that this augmentation might be a secondary response to the earlier increase in calcium antagonist receptors. At 360 days cardiac Na+-Ca2+ exchange was decreased by 50%, likely reflecting progressive cardiac damage. The increase in calcium antagonist receptors in CM animals as young as 10 days supports the hypothesis that abnormalities in voltage-dependent calcium channels play a role in the pathophysiology of CM hamsters.
Can mycosis fungoides begin in the epidermis? A hypothesis
Authors: ELIZABETH A. RYAN, K. V. SANDERSON, P. BARTAK, P. D. SAMMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

On the basis of clinical, histological and electron microscopical findings, we are proposing that mycosis fungoides can begin in the epidermis. Early involvement of the basal layer of the epidermis is emphasized by the pigmentary changes which herald the onset of about half the cases. The formation of new fibrous tissue above the subepidermal elastic garland and the presence of PAS-positive globules above the epidermal basement membrane, support the view that the primary change is on the epidermal side of the elastic garland and basement membrane. The predominantly epidermal distribution of the mycosis cell in many early cases suggests that it stems from a cell normally present in the epidermis. The likeliest candidate appears to be the Langerhans cell. A derivation from this cell would explain many puzzling features of mycosis fungoides and in particular the affinity of the mycosis cell for the epidermis.
Roles of ERK and cPLA2 in the Angiotensin II-Mediated Biphasic Regulation of Na+-HCO3 − Transport
Authors: Yuehong Li, Hideomi Yamada, Yoshihiro Kita, Motoei Kunimi, Shoko Horita, Masashi Suzuki, Yoko Endo, Takao Shimizu, George Seki, Toshiro Fujita
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2007)

Regulation of renal proximal transport by angiotensin II (Ang II) is biphasic: low concentrations (picomolar to nanomolar) stimulate reabsorption, but higher concentrations (nanomolar to micromolar) inhibit reabsorption. Traditionally, the stimulatory effect has been attributed to activation of protein kinase C and/or a decrease in intracellular cAMP, whereas the inhibitory action has been attributed to the activation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and the subsequent release of arachidonic acid. The Ang II receptor subtype responsible for these effects and the intracellular signaling pathways involved are not completely understood. We isolated proximal tubules from wild-type, Ang II type 1A receptor (AT1A)-deficient, and group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2alpha)-deficient mice, and compared their responses to Ang II. In wild-type mice, we found that the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of Ang II on Na+-HCO3(-) cotransporter activity are both AT1-mediated but that ERK activation only plays a role in the former. The stimulatory effect of Ang II was also observed in AT1A-deficient mice, suggesting that this occurs through AT1B. In contrast, the inhibitory effects of Ang II appeared to be mediated by cPLA2alpha activation because high-concentration Ang II stimulated Na+-HCO3(-) cotransporter activity when cPLA2alpha activity was abrogated by pharmacological means or genetic knockout. Consistent with this observation, we found that activation of the cPLA2alpha/P450 pathway suppressed ERK activation. We conclude that Ang II activates ERK and cPLA2alpha in a concentration-dependent manner via AT1, and that the balance between ERK and cPLA2alpha activities determines the ultimate response to Ang II in intact proximal tubules.
Hemolytic anemia in wilson disease: Clinical findings and biochemical mechanisms
Authors: Stephen J. Forman, K. Sree Kumar, Allan G. Redeker, Paul Hochstein
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1980)

Abstract Two patients with Wilson disease who presented with severe hemolytic anemia are described. One was noted to have unusually high serum copper levels (369 μg/100 ml). A review of similar such patients in the literature suggests that, rather than having a low serum copper, patients with hemolysis accompanying Wilson disease have very high serum copper levels. For this reason, in vitro studies of the toxic effects of copper on erythrocytes were undertaken. It was found that, although copper does not have a major direct inhibitory effect on glycolytic enzymes such as hexokinase, the metal does inhibit hexokinase as a consequence of its interaction with oxyhemoglobin. However, such inhibition does not appear to be a major factor in copper‐induced hemolysis. On the other hand, the addition of the lipid antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) suppresses hemolysis in copper‐treated cells. These experiments suggest that the primary toxic effect of copper is mediated through its oxidant actions on membrane phospholipids rather than through its potential inhibitory effects on intracellular enzymes.
ORAL PAPILLOMATOSIS OF RABBITS: A VIRUS DISEASE
Authors: Robert J. Parsons, John G. Kidd
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1943)

Papillomas occur frequently on the oral mucosa of domestic rabbits procured in the metropolitan area of New York. They are small and benign, and are situated mostly on the under side of the tongue. A filtrable virus can be extracted from them with which growths can be reproduced in the oral mucosa of several species of rabbits and hares but which fails to cause lesions when inoculated into other rabbit tissues and into the oral mucosa of other species. The virus differs notably from the Shope virus, which causes cutaneous papillomas in rabbits but proves innocuous to oral mucosa: rabbits solidly immune to the oral papilloma virus are fully susceptible to the Shope virus and vice versa. The oral papillomas are not highly contagious, for susceptible animals kept in individual cages in the same rooms with others carrying the growths, fed the same kind of food, and cared for by the same attendants, do not "catch" them. They are found much more frequently in the offspring of dams that carry the growths than in those of mothers free from them, and the causative virus can be recovered from the mouth washings of rabbits having no growths. The observations indicate that the virus may be spread by transfer from the mother to the young during the period of suckling, and that it may lie latent in the mouth, doing no harm unless the mucous membrane is injured. The slight trauma occurring now and then when coarse foods are chewed may furnish the required tissue nidus under natural conditions, for papillomas occasionally appear after virus has been dropped into the mouths of uninoculated rabbits; but the more extensive injury and healing resulting from experimental tattoo inoculations proves regularly effective in this respect. Tar can also act as an efficient adjuvant to the virus, the incidence of "spontaneous" oral papillomas being much higher in domestic rabbits that had had the opportunity to lick tar from their ears and paws during long periods than in normal control animals. The virus is recoverable in quantity from the oral papillomas of tarred domestic rabbits, and the findings indicate that it is their essential cause, the tar acting merely to prepare the tissue for the virus' action. For the same tar does not elicit oral papillomas in wild cottontail rabbits, which do not carry the causative virus though fully susceptible to it. The implications of the findings are discussed.
Relationship Between Serum Amino-Terminal Propeptide of Type III Procollagen and Changes of Left Ventricular Function After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Steen H. Poulsen, Nis B. Høst, Svend E. Jensen, Kenneth Egstrup
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —The amino-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP) is a marker of type III collagen synthesis, which has previously been shown to correlate with infarct size in nonthrombolyzed myocardial infarction (MI) and to provide prognostic information after MI. Methods and Results —The relationship between PIIINP and changes of left ventricular (LV) function was studied in 47 consecutive patients with first acute MI and 16 control subjects. Serum PIIINP analysis was measured daily during hospitalization and on days 90, 180, and 360. LV function was assessed by echocardiography on days 1, 5, 90, and 360. Patients with MI were stratified according to their serum PIIINP value at day 4 (group A, ≤5.0 μg/L; group B, &gt;5.0 μg/L). On arrival, LV function and size were comparable between groups A (n=31) and B (n=16). LV ejection fraction, initially depressed (day 1: group A, 47±7% versus group B, 47±8%; P =NS), increased significantly in group A (day 360: 54±8%, P &lt;0.001) but was unchanged in group B (day 360: 43±8%, P =NS). LV volumes increased significantly in group B ( P &lt;0.05) but not in group A. Furthermore, patients in group B developed signs of restrictive LV diastolic filling. Multivariate regression analysis identified PIIINP &gt;5.0 μg/L and deceleration ≤140 ms as independent predictors of cardiac death or complicating heart failure during follow-up. Conclusions —PIIINP assessed in the subacute phase of MI relates to long-term changes of LV function and provides clinical prognostic information.
Ventricular Nonmixing as a Source of Error in the Estimation of Ventricular Volume by the Indicator-Dilution Technic
Authors: H. J. C. SWAN, WALTER BECK
Journal: Circulation Research (1960)

1. In the anesthetized dog, end-diastolic, end-systolic and stroke volumes for the left ventricle have been calculated according to the method of Holt from dilution curves recorded at the aortic root. For heart rates of less than 120 beats per minute, the catheterdensitometer systems used gave 90 to 95 per cent of the true concentration in the aortic root at the end of diastole. 2. Average volumes of 2.96, 1.63 and 1.33 ml./Kg. of body weight were calculated for each of these parameters. The interindividual and intraindividual variations about these means amounted to ± 30 to 50 per cent. 3. In approximately 15 per cent of the dilution curves the concentration of dye in the aortic root during early systole (phase of maximal ejection) showed a transient, markedly low value compared with that of the end of diastole. This can be explained only on the basis of the preferential ejection from the heart in early systole of the undyed, newly entering blood from the left atrium, which had mixed poorly with the residual volume of the ventricle. Qualitative inspection of cineangiograms confirmed this impression and demonstrated that a residuum of contrast medium failed to mix with the incoming blood from the left atrium. 4. In addition, there is evidence for the possibility of overestiination of stroke volumes from dilution curves recorded immediately proximal to the injection chamber. 5. Incomplete mixing of the left artial blood with the residual volume of the ventricle precludes accurate quantitation of the changes of volume in the ventricle by the simple formulas proposed by previous authors. This phenomenon may serve to explain the considerable variability that is found in the present study and in the literature.
Clinical Follow-up Study of 398 Patients Suspected of Having Lung Cancer Discovered in the Boston Chest X-Ray Survey
Authors: James M. McNulty
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

THIS paper presents the findings of a detailed follow-up study of the clinical records of 398 patients suspected of having lung tumor by a roentgenologic review board that interpreted the films of a total of 536,012 persons. It was prepared under the auspices of the medical subcommittee* on nontuberculous diseases of the Boston Chest Survey and conducted with funds provided by the Massachusetts Division of the American Cancer Society. The survey extended from September 15, 1949, to February 1, 1950.An earlier publication† reviewed the organization of the survey and presented statistical information available at that time on the patients . . .
Excess Rate of In-Hospital Death in Lyons, France, during the August 2003 Heat Wave
Authors: Philippe Vanhems, Laetitia Gambotti, Jacques Fabry
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

To the Editor: We report descriptive data on mortality at the Edouard Herriot Hospital in Lyons, France, during the heat wave that lasted in France from August 1 to August 19, 2003. Figure 1 depicts the absolute daily number of in-hospital deaths during the summers of 2002 and 2003 and the corresponding maximal temperatures. During the heat wave, the average temperature was 35.7°C; it was 25.1°C during the same period in 2002. The Institut de Veille Sanitaire conducted a national survey between August 8 and August 19, 2003, to count the number of heat-related deaths, defined as exposure to hot weather, a . . .