tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cancer and Public Education.
Authors: Alan Lippman
Journal: JAMA (1963)

A serious obstacle to efforts against cancer has been public reluctance to seek medical consultation during the early stages of the disease. In England, the Manchester Committee on Cancer has examined British attitudes and found that ignorance and superstition associated with the thought of malignant disease have contributed in the past to this reluctance. Through the media of the press, radio, films, exhibitions, and pamphlets the Committee has attempted to modify the fears and anxieties resulting from misconceptions about cancer and to instill a more constructive atmosphere with regard to the possibilities for cure. Mr. Wakefield, who is Executive Officer of the Committee, reviews the experience in the field of cancer education, and presents recommendations for organizing and carrying out effective cancer education programs at the local level. The author emphasizes the need for early medical consultation when symptoms are suspected. In discussing the merits of various public education schemes
Race and Allocation of Kidneys for Transplantation-Reply
Authors: Robert S. Gaston
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In Reply.  —We appreciate the comments of Ms Hassol, whose letter further emphasizes the impact of current UNOS allocation policies on equity. Many of the issues she raises are addressed by us in another article. 1 We are also pleased to note that Dr Wolicki found our article disturbing, for such was our intention. A technological triumph has indeed occurred in transplantation. Scientific and clinical advances have created unprecedented success and a growing demand for transplantable organs. Unfortunately, we see no indication that supply will grow sufficiently to meet this demand in the foreseeable future. Thus, allocation will remain critical. In the absence of compelling scientific evidence to the contrary, we believe equity in access to transplantation to be of utmost importance. Ours is not an attempt to inject race into an otherwise scientific debate: race is already recognized as a key facet of the overall question of equity in
Lipoatrophy Associated With Lispro Insulin in Insulin Pump Therapy
Authors: Margaret E. Griffin, Arlene Feder, William V. Tamborlane
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

Lipoatrophy virtually disappeared as a cutaneous complication of insulin therapy after the introduction of recombinant human insulin. Consequently, we were surprised to observe two cases of marked lipoatrophy occurring in patients treated by lispro insulin administered by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII).

The first case is a 10-year-old Caucasian girl diagnosed with type 1 diabetes at 4 years of age. HbA1c levels had ranged between 7.8 and 8.7% (normal ≤6.3%) on two daily injections of human NPH and regular insulin (Humulin-Regular; Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN) with ultralente (Eli Lilly) added subsequently. Apart from mild lipohypertrophy of the biceps area, there were no cutaneous complications. At 8 years of age, increased HbA1c levels and …
Smoking and Cancer of the Lung
Authors: J. A. Heady, R. G. Barley
Journal: BMJ (1953)

makes them feel like several doubles when on antabuse.It is noticeable, however, that they prefer to omit their anta- buse.The more labile psychoneurotic is often profoundly disturbed by the antabuse-alcohol reaction and avoids alcohol.A small group of patients has emerged, however, who, in spite of recurrent terrifying experiences with the reaction, repeatedly ask to be put back on antabuse.Their assertion that they are now certain that this will stop their drinking appears to be a rationalization, for in a short time they proceed to drink again, even carrying antabuse tablets with them in some cases and swallowing more of them whilst drinking.These patients obviously tend to become rapidly confused, restless, and uncoordinated whilst indulging in this procedure.They also seem to show an increased tendency to self-reproach when sober.Can it be that these patients incorporate antabuse into their drinking pattern not only to achieve more rapid escape from insupportable tension but also to inflict simultaneously the punishment demanded by a harsh super-ego which is, of course, part of that tension ?However this may be, these patients show the surprising tendency to seek antabuse as an adjunct to their drinking, and they thus appear to be unsuitable cases for treatment with the drug.-Iam, etc., Twyford.
Glucose-Insulin-Potassium for Suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ajay Chaudhuri, Richard Nesto, Paresh Dandona
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Role of hepatitis B, C, and D viruses in dual and triple infection: Influence of viral genotypes and hepatitis B precore and basal core promoter mutations on viral replicative interference
Authors: Rosendo Jardi, Francisco Rodriguez, Maria Buti, Xose Costa, Montserrat Cotrina, Roman Galimany, Rafael Esteban, Jaime Guardia
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

The interactions among hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) were studied by measuring HBV–DNA and HCV–RNA levels and by determining the influence of viral genotypes and mutations in HBV basal core promoter (BCP) and precore regions. We included 65 consecutive patients, 25 HBV/HCV, 18 HBV/HDV, and 22 HBV/HCV/HDV. Controls consisted of 55 patients with chronic HBV and 55 with chronic HCV infection. HBV–DNA and HCV–RNA levels were lower in coinfections than in single infections ( P &lt; .05). HBV/HCV coinfection was associated with lower HBV viremia (8.2 × 10 4 copies/mL) and lower HCV–RNA levels (7 × 10 5 IU/mL), than the corresponding control group ( P &lt; .05), with more marked decrease in HBV replication ( P &lt; .05). Moreover, in HBV/HCV coinfection and in triple coinfection we observed an inverse relationship between HBV–DNA and HCV–RNA levels ( P &lt; .05). HBV/HDV coinfection was associated with lower HBV viremia (2.5 × 10 4 copies/mL) than that found in HBV infection ( P &lt; .05). Patients with triple coinfection showed lower HBV–DNA and HCV–RNA levels than control groups ( P &lt; .05). Prevalence of precore mutations was lower in HCV coinfections ( P &lt; .05). No significant association was observed between HCV–RNA levels and HBV precore mutations, BCP mutations or HBV genotypes, or between HBV–DNA levels and HCV genotypes ( P &lt; .05). In conclusion, HCV exhibited stronger inhibitory action in the reciprocal inhibition seen in HBV/HCV coinfection. HDV was the dominant virus in HBV/HDV coinfection and in triple coinfection, and had a greater unfavorable influence on HCV than on HBV replication. The reciprocal inhibition of viral replication seemed to be little influenced by the inherent genomic factors studied.
Prospective Evaluation of the Peptide-Bound Collagen Type I Cross-Links N-Telopeptide and C-Telopeptide in Predicting Bone Metastases Status
Authors: Luis Costa, Laurence M. Demers, A. Gouveia-Oliveira, J. Schaller, Eduardo B. Costa, Miguel C. de Moura, Allan Lipton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: The objective assessment of bone metastases is currently based on serial changes in skeletal survey. We performed a prospective study to determine whether a correlation exists between the biochemical markers of bone turnover and x-ray evaluation of bone metastases in patients with or without bisphosphonate therapy, and whether bone markers are influenced by extraskeletal disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with either bone or extraskeletal metastases were consecutively enrolled and World Health Organization response criteria were applied for both bone and extraosseous disease every 3 to 4 months. Serum levels of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (B-AP) and C-telopeptide (ICTP) and urine levels of N-telopeptide (NTX) were measured monthly. The data were analyzed by generalized estimation equation regression. RESULTS: We studied 97 patients with bone metastases (52 also with extraskeletal metastases) and 26 with extraosseous disease only. Median time on study was 153 days, and 281 objective evaluations (171 in bone) were performed. With bisphosphonates (49 patients receiving pamidronate and three receiving clodronate), percent change from levels without therapy was 47% for NTX (P < .001) and 69% for B-AP (P = .008). With disease progression in bone, percent change from mean levels during stable disease was 152% for NTX (P < .001) and 144% for ICTP (P < .001) regardless of bisphosphonate therapy. NTX had the highest positive predictive value (71%) for the diagnosis of bone metastases progression. Extraskeletal disease had no significant effect on bone markers. CONCLUSION: Urinary NTX may be a valuable bone marker to assess the antiresorptive effect of bisphosphonate therapy and to evaluate the progression of bone metastases.
Cover to cover
Authors: I. Iheanacho
Journal: BMJ (2010)

As contests go it’s hardly The X Factor . There’s no rip-off phone voting, the audience isn’t screaming (not usually, anyway), and if the participants are on heartwarming or sick making “journeys” then they’re good enough to keep it to themselves.

In fact, without such defining features the BMJ ’s effort may not seem much like a talent show at all. But consider this: every year hundreds of books arrive, typically unsolicited, in the journal’s editorial office, seeking an appearance on the reviews pages. Ranging from slim, pocket friendly …
Retrieval of the Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein from the endosome to the TGN is S655 phosphorylation state-dependent and retromer-mediated
Authors: Sandra I Vieira, Sandra Rebelo, Hermann Esselmann, Jens Wiltfang, James Lah, Rachel Lane, Scott A Small, Sam Gandy, Edgar F da Cruz e Silva, Odete AB da Cruz e Silva
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2010)

Retrograde transport of several transmembrane proteins from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) occurs via Rab 5-containing endosomes, mediated by clathrin and the recently characterized retromer complex. This complex and one of its putative sorting receptor components, SorLA, were reported to be associated to late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). The pathogenesis of this neurodegenerative disorder is still elusive, although accumulation of amyloidogenic Abeta is a hallmark. This peptide is generated from the sucessive β- and γ- secretase proteolysis of the Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein (APP), events which are associated with endocytic pathway compartments. Therefore, APP targeting and time of residence in endosomes would be predicted to modulate Abeta levels. However, the formation of an APP- and retromer-containing protein complex with potential functions in retrieval of APP from the endosome to the TGN had, to date, not been demonstrated directly. Further, the motif(s) in APP that regulate its sorting to the TGN have not been characterized.Through the use of APP-GFP constructs, we show that APP containing endocytic vesicles targeted for the TGN, are also immunoreactive for clathrin-, Rab 5- and VPS35. Further, they frequently generate protruding tubules near the TGN, supporting an association with a retromer-mediated pathway. Importantly, we show for the first time, that mimicking APP phosphorylation at S655, within the APP 653YTSI656 basolateral motif, enhances APP retrieval via a retromer-mediated process. The phosphomimetic APP S655E displays decreased APP lysosomal targeting, enhanced mature half-life, and decreased tendency towards Abeta production. VPS35 downregulation impairs the phosphorylation dependent APP retrieval to the TGN, and decreases APP half-life.We reported for the first time the importance of APP phosphorylation on S655 in regulating its retromer-mediated sorting to the TGN or lysosomes. Significantly, the data are consistent with known interactions involving the retromer, SorLA and APP. Further, these findings add to our understanding of APP targeting and potentially contribute to our knowledge of sporadic AD pathogenesis representing putative new targets for AD therapeutic strategies.
HYPERTENSION IN OFFSPRING OF PREGNANCIES COMPLICATED BY PRE-ECLAMPSIA: UNDERLYING VASCULAR MECHANISMS?
Authors: Merzaka Lazdam, Alex Pitcher, Arancha de la Horra, Ilias Kylintireas, Zola Mannie, Jonathan Diesch, Corinne Trevitt, Atul Singhal, Alan Lucas, Stefan Neubauer, Nicholas Alp, Brenda Kelly, Paul Leeson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
MB Fraction of Creatine Kinase
Authors: Charles J. Przyjemski
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The possibly unique case of alcohol-related, chronic myopathy presented by Siegel and Dawson (1980;244:580) is a timely reminder that the MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) may be detected in the presence of extreme elevations of skeletal muscle CK, especially when the skeletal muscle disorder is of a chronic nature. They mention that serial dilutions of sera with markedly elevated CK with CK-MB fractions result in disappearance of the MB band in those cases with skeletal muscle disease and persistence of the MB band in cases of bone fide myocardial infarction (MI). There is no doubt that the dilution technique permits a more appropriate enzyme-substrate ratio and improves determination of relative amounts of isoenzyme fractions in sera with marked elevations of CK; unfortunately, the procedure may also obscure MB fractions originating in the heart. Their patient exhibited CK elevations to 17,800 IU/L, while their MI control subject's
Effect of diet on urinary excretion of desmosine and hydroxylysyl pyridinoline.
Authors: P J Stone, E C Lucey, G L Snider, C Franzblau
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

To help validate the use of urinary desmosine (DES), isodesmosine (IDES), and hydroxylysyl pyridinoline (HP) as specific markers of host elastin and collagen degradation, respectively, a study was carried out on the effect of dietary elastin and collagen on urinary DES, IDES, and HP. Ingestion of a meal of calf ligamentum nuchae containing 33 g elastin, 500 mg DES, and 400 mg IDES produced a 10-fold increase in urinary DES and an 8-fold increase in IDES. The urinary DES values remained elevated for more than 10 days following the ingestion. We estimate that about 0.3 mg, or < 0.1%, of the ingested DES was excreted in the urine. Since ligamentum nuchae is not a usual ingredient of human diets, we also determined whether a more typical source and amount of DES, IDES, and HP might affect urinary DES, IDES, or HP values. Lean ground beef (454 g) was ingested. Our analysis showed that this meal contained 4 mg DES, 2 mg IDES, and 0.9 mg HP. The meat-rich diet caused a significant increase of 16 and 34% in the creatinine and DES content of the urine, respectively. When DES, IDES, and HP values were normalized for the urine creatinine content, diet had no effect on the measured amounts. The baseline values (mean +/- SE) for the volunteers before ingestion of the beef were 8.3 +/- 0.7 micrograms DES/24 h, 8.3 +/- 0.6 micrograms IDES/24 h, and 340 +/- 48 nmol HP/24 h; 5.7 +/- 0.5 micrograms DES/g creatinine, 5.6 +/- 0.4 micrograms IDES/g creatinine, and 26.9 +/- 2.2 nmol HP/mmol creatinine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Homozygosity for the HLA-DRB1 allele selects for extraarticular manifestations in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: C M Weyand, C Xie, J J Goronzy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Seropositive rheumatoid arthritis is genetically linked to a group of HLA-DRB1 alleles sharing a sequence motif within the third hypervariable region. Controversy exists over the role of the distinct allelic variants in affecting not only the risk to develop disease, but also in modifying the expression of the disease. We have stratified 81 patients according to their patterns of disease manifestations and identified the HLA-DRB1 alleles by polymerase chain reaction amplification and subsequent oligonucleotide hybridization. To identify precisely the allelic combinations at the HLA-DRB1 locus, homozygosity was confirmed by locus-specific cDNA amplification and subsequent sequencing. Our study demonstrated a high correlation of allelic combinations of disease-associated HLA-DRB1 alleles with the clinical manifestations. Characteristic genotypes were identified for patients who had progressed toward nodular disease and patients who had developed major organ involvement. Rheumatoid nodules were highly associated with a heterozygosity for two disease associated HLA-DRB1 alleles. Homozygosity for the HLA-DRB1*0401 allele was a characteristic finding for RA patients with major organ involvement. Our data suggest a role of the disease-associated sequence motif in determining severity of the disease. The finding of a codominant function of HLA-DRB1 alleles suggests that the biological function of HLA-DR molecules in thymic selection might be important in the pathogenesis of RA.
Structural characteristics of the alloantigens determined by the major histocompatibility complex of the guinea pig.
Authors: B D Schwartz, A M Kask, W E Paul, E M Shevach
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

The GPLA B and Ia (I region-associated) antigens are the products of genes found in the guinea pig major histocompatibility complex. Because of their importance in immune response phenomena, a structural study of these antigens was undertaken. [3H]leucine and [3H]fucose were internally incorporated into guinea pig lymph node cells. The GPLA B and Ia antigens were solubilized by the nonionic detergent Nonidet P-40, purified by affinity chromatography using an adsorbent column of lentil lectin, isolated by immunoprecipitation, and examined by discontinuous polyacrylamide-sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. The GPLA antigens B.1, B.2, B.3, and B.4, were shown to be glycoproteins of mol wt 40,000 daltons and to be noncovalently associated with a 12,000 dalton protein. The molecules bearing B.2 and B.3 in a B.2/B.3 heterozygote are shown to be separable, suggesting the antigenic determinant is a primary gene product. In addition, a new GPLA determinant, S, which resembles the B antigen in that it is found on a molecule of approximately 40,000 daltons, was studied. In a B.2/B.3 S+ animal the molecule bearing antigen S was shown to be independent of those bearing B.2 and B.3, providing evidence that the genes determining B and S are at separate loci. The Ia-bearing molecules identified by anti-Ia.2,4 are glycoproteins of mol wt 58,000 daltons which are composed of two subunits of 33,000 and 25,000 daltons, respectively, linked by disulfide bonds. The Ia-bearing molecules are independent of GPLA-bearing molecules, indicating different loci determining these antigens. By all criteria, the guinea pig GPLA B antigens appear homologous to the murine H-2D and H-2K antigens, while the guinea pig Ia antigens appear homologous to the Ia antigens of the mouse.
EMERGENCY APPENDECTOMY IN A PATIENT RECEIVING ANTICOAGULANTS FOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Joseph B. Vander Veer
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The present widespread use of anticoagulant drugs for treatment and prophylaxis makes it probable that an occasional patient's treatment will be complicated by the necessity for emergency operation. This subject was brought to our attention by the occurrence of acute appendicitis in a patient receiving bishydroxycoumarin (dicumarol®) for acute myocardial infarction. There was no precedent, in our experience, for the handling of such a problem. The following report gives the important details of our management and the results obtained. <h3>REPORT OF A CASE</h3> T. G., a 47-year-old white man,<sup>1</sup>was admitted to the Coatesville (Pa.) Hospital on the morning of Feb. 19, 1951, with the diagnosis of acute coronary thrombosis. The clinical picture and course were typical, although the electrocardiographic changes were delayed. Anticoagulant therapy, with bishydroxycoumarin, was instituted on the third hospital day. Daily determinations of prothrombin time showed that an effective level of hypoprothrombinemia was maintained during
The Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway and Its Role in Cancer
Authors: Aparna Mani, Edward P. Gelmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Critical cellular processes are regulated, in part, by maintaining the appropriate intracellular levels of proteins. Whereas de novo protein synthesis is a comparatively slow process, proteins are rapidly degraded at a rate compatible with the control of cell cycle transitions and cell death induction. A major pathway for protein degradation is initiated by the addition of multiple 76–amino acid ubiquitin monomers via a three-step process of ubiquitin activation and substrate recognition. Polyubiquitination targets proteins for recognition and processing by the 26S proteasome, a cylindrical organelle that recognizes ubiquitinated proteins, degrades the proteins, and recycles ubiquitin. The critical roles played by ubiquitin-mediated protein turnover in cell cycle regulation makes this process a target for oncogenic mutations. Oncogenes of several common malignancies, for example colon and renal cell cancer, code for ubiquitin ligase components. Cervical oncogenesis by human papillomavirus is also mediated by alteration of ubiquitin ligase pathways. Protein degradation pathways are also targets for cancer therapy, as shown by the successful introduction of bortezomib, an inhibitor of the 26S proteasome. Further work in this area holds great promise toward our understanding and treatment of a wide range of cancers.
Differences in Myocardial Velocity Gradient Measured Throughout the Cardiac Cycle in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Athletes and Patients With Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Due to Hypertension
Authors: Przemysław Palka, Aleksandra Lange, Alan D. Fleming, J.Elisabeth Donnelly, David P. Dutka, Ian R. Starkey, Thomas R.D. Shaw, George R. Sutherland, Keith A.A. Fox
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Neurogenic Tumors Simulating Infectious Process
Authors: Jacques E. Botton
Journal: JAMA (1961)

NEOPLASTIC lesions occasionally may simulate inflammatory entities and, treated as such, remain unrecognized until a late stage, if ever. This could be explained by an increased cellular activity and metabolism reactional to a pathological stimulus, still very much unknown in nature in tumors. Thus, "rubor, calor, tumor, and dolor," characteristics of inflammation, are not uncommonly found in neoplasms. A certain clinical resemblance, the rarity of the involved pathology, and the treatment used in 1 of them leads us to present the following 2 cases. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 13-year-old Negro boy was admitted in January, 1959, to St. Philip Hospital, Medical College of Virginia Hospitals, with a diagnosis of mastoiditis. In September of 1958, he developed a painful stiffness of the neck; he was treated first with a muscle relaxant, methocarbamol (Robaxin), and later with antibiotics, as an abscess had been suspected over the left mastoid region.