tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract SY36-01: Functional genomics and cancer dependencies
Authors: William C. Hahn
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Recent advances in genomics continue to elucidate the genetic lesions that occur in specific cancers and are increasingly being applied prospectively to patient samples in the clinic. These efforts have already identified a large number of mutations that occur at low frequency. Systematic approaches to identify cancer vulnerabilities will provide critical information about the function of these low frequency mutations and will allow the identification of cancer co-dependencies and synthetic lethal interactions. Over the past several years, we have developed genome scale RNAi libraries and open reading frame expression libraries that permit a systematic evaluation of genes involved in cancer initiation and maintenance. Using these libraries, we have now performed screens in a large panel of human cancer cell lines to systematically identify cancer vulnerabilities. By combining these functional approaches with information derived from mapping the structural abnormalities present in cancer genomes, we have identified several new oncogenes that contribute to cancer development as well as co-dependencies that are required for the survival of cancers harboring specific mutations. The ability to systematically manipulate gene expression at genome scale now provides opportunities to investigate the function of genes involved in cancer initiation and maintenance, which will provide a framework for therapeutic strategies. Citation Format: William C. Hahn. Functional genomics and cancer dependencies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr SY36-01. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-SY36-01
The Bioterrorism Sourcebook
Authors: Peter Katona
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Medical Writings: Book Notes4 December 2007The Bioterrorism SourcebookPeter Katona, MDPeter Katona, MDFrom The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-147-11-200712040-00030 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The Bioterrorism Sourcebook Grey M, Spaeth K. 549 pages. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2006. $59.95. ISBN 0071440860. Order at www.mhprofessional.com.Field of medicine: Bioterrorism.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Practicing clinicians (especially internists and emergency physicians), first responders, public health officials, law enforcement officials, and “learners in the medical, allied health, and public health education system.” These groups are underrepresented in current preparedness efforts.Purpose: To bring a comprehensive approach to dealing with a biodisaster in a medical, multidisciplinary way.Content: The book is somewhere between a handbook and a textbook. It makes a valiant attempt to cover a large and very ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From The David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 4 December 2007Volume 147, Issue 11Page: 819KeywordsAnthraxGeneticsMedical educationPopulation statisticsPrevention, policy, and public healthSoftware toolsToxic agents ePublished: 4 December 2007 Issue Published: 4 December 2007 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Response from the UK Research Integrity Office
Authors: I. Kennedy
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The UK Research Integrity Office (UKRIO) welcomes your recent series on research misconduct. It is incorrect, however, to suggest that UKRIO is ceasing its operations.1 We continue to fulfil our remit: provision of independent and expert support on issues of research conduct to all involved in research.

The number of cases that UKRIO deals with—more than …
Diurnal Variation in Fasting Plasma Glucose
Authors: Rebecca J. Troisi, Catherine C. Cowie, Maureen I. Harris
Journal: JAMA (2000)

ContextCurrent diagnostic criteria for diabetes are based on plasma glucose levels in blood samples obtained in the morning after an overnight fast, with a value of 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) or more indicating diabetes. However, many patients are seen by their physicians in the afternoon. Because plasma glucose levels are higher in the morning, it is unclear whether these diagnostic criteria can be applied to patients who are tested for diabetes in the afternoon.ObjectivesTo document diurnal variation in fasting plasma glucose levels in adults not known to have diabetes, and to examine the applicability to afternoon-examined patients of the current diagnostic criteria for diabetes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsAnalysis of data from the US population–based Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) on participants aged 20 years or older who had no previously diagnosed diabetes, who were randomly assigned to morning (n = 6483) or afternoon (n = 6399) examinations, and who fasted prior to blood sampling.Main Outcome MeasuresFasting plasma glucose levels in morning vs afternoon-examined participants; diabetes diagnostic value for afternoon-examined participants.ResultsThe morning and afternoon groups did not differ in age, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, physical activity index, glycosylated hemoglobin level, and other factors. Mean (SD) fasting plasma glucose levels were higher in the morning group (5.41 [0.01] mmol/L [97.4 {0.3} mg/dL]) than in the afternoon group (5.12 [0.02] mmol/L [92.4 {0.4} mg/dL]; P<.001). Consequently, prevalence of afternoon-examined participants with fasting plasma glucose levels of 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) or greater was half that of participants examined in the morning. The diagnostic fasting plasma glucose value for afternoon-examined participants that resulted in the same prevalence of diabetes found in morning-examined participants was 6.33 mmol/L (114 mg/dL) or greater.ConclusionsOur results indicate that if current diabetes diagnostic criteria are applied to patients seen in the afternoon, approximately half of all cases of undiagnosed diabetes in these patients will be missed.
Choice of initial therapy for hypertension
Authors: N. M. Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Hypertension is one of the most common conditions treated by the clinician, yet accurate diagnosis and selection of the appropriate treatment can be challenging and recommendations regarding antihypertensive medications continue to evolve. The fifth report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure recommends diet and exercise for the initial treatment of mild hypertension, followed by a diuretic or beta-blocker if necessary, unless contraindicated. This recommendation is based on outcome studies using these drugs that demonstrate reductions in major diseases that treatment of hypertension is intended to prevent: stroke and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Other antihypertensive drugs, while not tested in large trials evaluating outcomes, have unique advantages for certain patients. Consideration of the patient's medical conditions and needs, including the cost of medication, is essential to ensuring optimal treatment of hypertension.
Improvements in diabetic care as measured by HbA1c after a physician education project.
Authors: R E Deichmann, E Castello, R Horswell, K E Friday
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To measure the quality of diabetic care as indicated by HbA1c testing frequency and HbA1c values and to demonstrate improvement in care after an appropriate quality improvement intervention. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The quality improvement project used computerized claims and laboratory data relating to HbA1c testing among the private practices of nine physicians caring for diabetic Medicare patients. Nine indicators evaluated three main areas: HbA1c testing frequency, HbA1c values, and frequency of office visits. A quality improvement intervention consisting of a physician component and a patient component was implemented. RESULTS: There were 835 patients and 4,367 visits studied. After the intervention, statistically significant improvements in HbA1c testing frequency and values were noted. Rates of seized opportunities for testing HbA1c improved from 17.7 to 33.9% (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). The percentage of patients with a current HbA1c value improved from 31.3 to 47.6% (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). The median HbA1c values fell from 8.5 to 7.8% (P &amp;lt; 0.006). Patients achieving good or fair control (HbA1c &amp;lt; or = 8%) improved from 43.8 to 56.9% (P = 0.007). The median time between physician visits fell from 70 days to 60 days (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed that HbA1c testing was underused but that after a quality improvement initiative, a significant increase in testing use could be achieved. The quality improvement initiative also resulted in significant improvements in glycemic control. The techniques and interventions used in this study could be used to intervene in larger populations and practice settings to improve medical care for diabetic patients.
Predicting HBEAG loss by HBV DNA early kinetics and HBV genotype during treatment of HBEAG+ chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with adefovir dipivoxil (ADV)
Authors: A.U. Neumann, Y. Havlin, T. Ronen, M. Tsiang, M. Wulfsohn, C. Brosgart, J. Fry, C. Westland, S. Xiong, C.S. Gibbs
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Abstract A62: TGF-β regulates CXCL1 expression in mammary carcinoma associated fibroblasts through novel Smad2/3- and HGF/c-Met-dependent mechanisms.
Authors: An Zou, Diana Lambert, Henry Yeh, Wei Bin Fang, Nikki Cheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract CXCL1 is a chemokine secreted by macrophages, neutrophils, epithelial cells and fibroblasts, and plays a role in inflammation and wound healing. Enhanced expression of CXCL1 in tumor epithelium is associated with cell invasion, angiogenesis in melanoma, bladder, ovarian and breast cancer. However, little is known about CXCL1 expression in tumor stroma. Through analysis of gene expression data, our studies reveal that high RNA levels of CXCL1 in breast tumor stroma is associated with increased rate of recurrence and shorter relapse-free survival. We noticed decreased secretion levels of TGF-β and increased secretion of CXCL1 in tumor derived fibroblasts. Increased CXCL1 expression was also observed in mammary fibroblasts in which the TGF-β type II receptor was knocked out. By immunohistochemistry analysis we found that expression of CXCL1 inversely correlated with expression of TGF-β, phosphorylated-Smad2 and phosphorylated-Smad3 in breast tumor stroma. We hypothesized that TGF-β suppresses CXCL1 expression in breast fibroblasts. Our goal for this project was to determine the molecular mechanisms through which TGF-β suppresses CXCL1 expression using mammary fibroblasts derived from MMTV-PyVmT mammary tumor model. Treatment of fibroblasts with recombinant TGF-β decreased CXCL1 transcription and secretion by up to 85% over time, as determined by RT-PCR and ELISA. SiRNA silencing of TGF-β signaling transducers, Smad2 and Smad3, increased CXCL1 transcription and secretion in mammary fibroblasts. In addition, TGF-β suppressed expression of HGF, a factor that enhanced CXCL1 expression in mammary fibroblasts. Knockdown of HGF or treatment of fibroblasts with c-Met inhibitors reduced CXCL1 expression. These data indicate TGF-β suppresses CXCL1 expression through Smad2/3-dependent mechanisms. As a secondary mechanism, TGF-β suppresses CXCL1 expression through down-regulation of HGF/c-Met signaling. This is the first report to characterize the mechanisms of CXCL1 expression in mammary fibroblasts and demonstrate a clinical relevance for CXCL1 expression in breast cancer stroma. Citation Format: An Zou, Diana Lambert, Henry Yeh, Wei Bin Fang, Nikki Cheng. TGF-β regulates CXCL1 expression in mammary carcinoma associated fibroblasts through novel Smad2/3- and HGF/c-Met-dependent mechanisms.. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A62. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-A62
Enhanced external counterpulsation improves exercise tolerance, reduces exercise-induced myocardial ischemia and improves left ventricular diastolic filling in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Hisashi Urano, Hisao Ikeda, Takafumi Ueno, Takahiro Matsumoto, Toyoaki Murohara, Tsutomu Imaizumi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
The Modern Family Physician
Authors: Robert L. Crawford
Journal: JAMA (1960)

America needs more young general practitioners, yet the decline in medical students planning general practice is alarming. A physician, by acquiring through medical-school training the essential skills of the profession and by devoting these skills to his patients' welfare, can in truth become the family doctor—the key man of the medical profession. If there are fewer family doctors using their abilities and influence in the broad area of citizenship, in improving public relations, and in humanizing and personalizing medicine, the profession will lose its influence. Cooperation of the American Medical Association, the Council on Medical Education and Hospitals, the American Academy of General Practice, and the Advisory Board on Medical Specialties is needed to encourage formation of a Board of General Practice, thereby giving incentive to young men to enter general practice.
Experts Call for Research Plus Regulation of e-Cigarettes
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sudden and Unexpected Natural Death in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Daniel R. Neuspiel
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The descriptive epidemiology of sudden nontraumatic death from persons aged 1 to 21 years was studied in a defined population. In nine years, the 207 deaths in this group (4.6/100,000 population/per year) comprised 22% of nontraumatic mortality. Age-specific rates were highest between 1 and 4 years (mainly infections and undetermined causes) and 14 and 21 years (mainly cardiovascular, epilepsy, intracranial hemorrhage, and asthma). Nonwhite rates were higher than whites, and white males had higher rates than white females. Referral for medicolegal evaluation was inconsistent. Only 18% died at university hospitals. Infections included lower respiratory tract and septic shock. The main cardiac diagnosis was myocarditis. Most epilepsy deaths were unwitnessed and had absent or low anticonvulsant levels. Eighty-five cases had a known associated chronic illness and 111 reported prodromal symptoms. Prevention of these events requires improved identification and management of antecedent conditions.
P3-07-04: Does Omission of Axillary Dissection after a Positive Sentinel Node Biopsy Influence Indication to Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Operable Breast Cancer Patients?
Authors: F Montemurro, F Maggiorotto, G Valabrega, F Kubatzki, V Rossi, F Marocco, A Magistris, M Gatti, I Sarotto, M Aglietta, R Ponzone
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Based on the recently published ACSOG Z0011 study (JAMA 2011;305:569), axillary dissection (AD) may be avoided in breast cancer (BC) patients with a clinically negative axilla and a positive sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy receiving breast conserving surgery (BCS). Because the number of positive axillary lymph nodes (ALN) is a widely accepted prognostic marker, we evaluated the potential impact of omission of AD on indication to adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT). Patients and methods: Among 1497 patients operated at our Institution over 10 years, we identified 321 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria of the ACSOG Z0011 study (BCS plus SLNB, cT1-2, cN0 breast cancer and 1 to 2 positive SLN). All patients underwent AD. Each case, which was anonymized, was reviewed by our breast team in two rounds. In the first round, patient age, histopathology, linfovascular invasion, tumor grade, hormone receptor, HER2, and ki67 status and number of positive SN nodes (micro and/or macrometastatic) were available. In the second round, the information on ALN was added. At each round, the panel chose between three indications: 1) Recommend ACT; 2) Discuss ACT; 3) No ACT. Results: SN was micrometastatic in 145 (45%) and macrometastatic in 176 patients (55%). ALD revealed non-SNs metastases in 96 patients (30%). Forty-four of these patients had &amp;gt;3 positive ALN (range 4–24). Indications at round 1 and 2 are summarized below. As a result of the disclosure of the total number of involved ALN, a change in the indication occurred in 51 patients (16%). The most frequent change was a recommendation to ACT (35 patients, 69% of the changes). Among these patients, 9 changed from No-ACT to recommend ACT. All except one change in the indication to ACT occurred in patients with immunohistochemically defined Luminal A and Luminal B/HER2 negative tumors and were mostly towards ACT. Conclusions: Omission of AD in patients with a positive SLN receiving BCS would have altered the indication to ACT in 16% of the patients at our Institution. Changes occurred almost exclusively in patients with hormone receptor positive/HER2−negative tumors. The implications of omission of AD must be taken into account before its widespread acceptance, including the possibility of a biologically tailored surgical approach. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-07-04.
Hospitals in Gaza struggle to cope with large influx of wounded patients
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2008)

International relief agencies led by the World Health Organization have dispatched urgently needed medical supplies to the Gaza Strip’s overstretched hospitals to help them cope with the large influx of people wounded in the ongoing attacks from Israel. Aid experts have said that they fear a humanitarian catastrophe if casualties continue to swell. 

“The inability of hospitals to cope with a problem of this magnitude, if the situation continues unchanged, will result in a surge in preventable deaths from complications due to trauma. Civilians are paying the price for the prolonged blockade,” WHO warned.

Palestinians say that 360 people, including at least 62 women and children, have been killed and more than 1600 people have been wounded since Israel began its assault on Gaza on 27 December. The attacks, which have included air strikes, are aimed …
Heritability of psoriasis in a large twin sample
Authors: A.S. Lønnberg, L. Skov, A. Skytthe, K.O. Kyvik, O.B. Pedersen, S.F. Thomsen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Previous twin studies have shown greater concordance rates for psoriasis in MZ than in DZ twins, and heritability estimates between 66% and 90%. This supports a genetic influence on psoriasis, but also highlights the fact that genes are not the only explanation for the disease. To study the concordance of psoriasis in a population‐based twin sample. Data on psoriasis in 10 725 twin pairs, aged 20–71 years, from the Danish Twin Registry was collected via a questionnaire survey. The concordance and heritability of psoriasis were estimated. In total, 4·1% of the men and 4·2% of the women had a lifetime history of psoriasis. The proband‐wise concordance for psoriasis was larger in monozygotic than in dizygotic twins, 0·33 vs. 0·17. Genetic factors explained 68% (60–75%) of the variation in the susceptibility to psoriasis, whereas the rest of the variation was explained by nonshared environmental factors. The results confirm that psoriasis is a complex multifactorial disease controlled by both exogenous and endogenous factors.
TCT-369 Long Term Clinical Outcome and Routine Angiographic Follow-up After Successful Recanalization of Complex True Chronic Total Coronary Occlusion With a Long Stenting Length. A Single Centre Experience
Authors: Karl Isaaz, Antoine Gerbay, Norbert Mayaud, Mohamed H. Sabry, Laure Richard, Alexis Cerisier, Michel Lamaud, Hazem Khamis, Antoine Da Costa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Zinc Gluconate Lozenges for Treating the Common Cold
Authors: Sherif B. Mossad
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Background: The common cold is one of the most frequent human illnesses and is responsible for substantial morbidity and economic loss. No consistently effective therapy for the common cold has been well documented, but evidence suggests that several possible mechanisms may make zinc an effective treatment. Objective: To test the efficacy of zinc gluconate lozenges in reducing the duration of symptoms caused by the common cold. Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Setting: Outpatient department of a large tertiary care center. Patients: 100 employees of the Cleveland Clinic who developed symptoms of the common cold within 24 hours before enrollment. Intervention: Patients in the zinc group (n = 50) received lozenges (one lozenge every 2 hours while awake) containing 13.3 mg of zinc from zinc gluconate as long as they had cold symptoms. Patients in the placebo group (n = 50) received similarly administered lozenges that contained 5% calcium lactate pentahydrate instead of zinc gluconate. Main Outcome Measures: Subjective daily symptom scores for cough, headache, hoarseness, muscle ache, nasal drainage, nasal congestion, scratchy throat, sore throat, sneezing, and fever (assessed by oral temperature). Results: The time to complete resolution of symptoms was significantly shorter in the zinc group than in the placebo group (median, 4.4 days compared with 7.6 days; P < 0.001). The zinc group had significantly fewer days with coughing (median, 2.0 days compared with 4.5 days; P = 0.04), headache (2.0 days and 3.0 days; P = 0.02), hoarseness (2.0 days and 3.0 days; P = 0.02), nasal congestion (4.0 days and 6.0 days; P = 0.002), nasal drainage (4.0 days and 7.0 days; P < 0.001), and sore throat (1.0 day and 3.0 days; P < 0.001). The groups did not differ significantly in the resolution of fever, muscle ache, scratchy throat, or sneezing. More patients in the zinc group than in the placebo group had side effects (90% compared with 62%; P < 0.001), nausea (20% compared with 4%; P = 0.02), and bad-taste reactions (80% compared with 30%; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Zinc gluconate in the form and dosage studied significantly reduced the duration of symptoms of the common cold. The mechanism of action of this substance in treating the common cold remains unknown. Individual patients must decide whether the possible beneficial effects of zinc gluconate on cold symptoms outweigh the possible adverse effects.