tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Altered microtubule-associated tau messenger RNA isoform expression in livers of griseofulvin- and 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine-treated mice
Authors: Lukas Kenner, Kurt Zatloukal, Cornelia Stumptner, Robert Eferl, Helmut Denk
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Tau proteins belong to the family of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), which so far have been mostly detected in neuronal cells. Different domains on the protein serve different functions. By alternative splicing, several mRNAs and tau isoforms are created from one gene, which contain these functionally important domains to various degrees, and thus differ in their microtubule-related properties. In the present article, several novel observations are reported. Tau mRNA and proteins have been identified and further characterized in mouse liver. It is shown on the basis of mRNA determinations that at least three tau isoforms differing particularly with respect to their amino-terminal domains are present in mouse liver. The major and predominant isoform (isoform 1) lacks portions encoded by exons 2 and 3, which are responsible for cross-talk of microtubules with their environment ("projection domain"). Moreover, mRNA encoding tau protein with four repeats of the microtubule binding domain predominate in embryonal as well as adult mouse liver in contrast to brain, in which a shift from the predominant three-repeat isoform to the four-repeat isoform characterizes the transition from the embryonic to the adult stage. Intoxication with griseofulvin (GF) or 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1, 4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) significantly affects in a reversible manner the levels of tau mRNA as well as isoform ratios in mouse liver, but not in mouse brain. Tau mRNAs are significantly increased in intoxicated mouse livers. Moreover, a shift to isoform 1 lacking exons 2 and 3 occurs. However, the increase in liver tau protein was less than expected from increased mRNA levels, which could be the result of translational or posttranslational regulation. The consequences on microtubular function are as yet unclear, but impairment can be expected because the overexpressed tau mRNA isoform lacks the domain that mediates interaction of microtubules with their environment. On the other hand, the ratio of polymerized (microtubules) to nonpolymerized tubulin remained unaffected.
NHS chiefs attack health secretary for meddling in health service for political gain
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Jeremy Hunt has been criticised by two of the NHS’s highest ranking officials for meddling in England’s health service to the detriment of the public.

David Prior, head of the health and social care regulator the Care Quality Commission, said that Hunt had started phoning the heads of hospital trusts that had missed targets on emergency department waiting times when figures were released on 20 December. These showed that for the week ending 15 December 94.8% of patients in England were treated within four hours of arriving at the emergency department, just short of the 95% target.1

In an interview with the Daily Telegraph Prior revealed his frustration with the level of political micromanagement …
Some Newer Endocrine Aspects of Breast Cancer
Authors: Elwood V. Jensen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Because mammary carcinomas are derived from cells in which growth and function are subject to influence by a variety of hormonal agents, it is not surprising that endocrine factors play a part in the induction and subsequent proliferation of such neoplasms. In spite of several decades of intensive study, the precise mechanisms by which hormones influence the origin and growth of mammary tumors remain obscure. From investigations in various disciplines of biomedical research, patterns of evidence are now emerging that promise a better understanding of the phenomenon of hormone dependency in breast cancers and of the relation of hormones to . . .
THE REMOVAL OF INNOCENT TUMOURS
Authors: E. Finch
Journal: BMJ (1938)

The word "tumour" simply means "swelling," and includes those swellings due to inflammation, cystic formation, and neoplastic disease.The innocent tumour which the general practitioner is tempted to try to remove is usually one that is obvious and superficial, such as those occurring in the skin, and diagnosed as warts, moles, papillomata, sebaceous cysts, naevi, etc.The tumour may be beneath the skin-for example, a lipoma-or more occasionally it may be connected with some definite organ, such as the breast, thyroid gland, lymphatic glands, or a bone. General PrinciplesFor any method of treatment to be correct the first necessity is to make an accurate diagnosis, and it is in just such tumours as these that this may be so difficult.In many cases it is impossible to be certain of the diagnosis unless this has been confirmed by a skilled pathologist.Hence it is imperative that any apparently innocent tumour should on removal be submitted for microscopical exam- ination and preferably the whole of the tissuie excised, and not merely that portion of the tumour which does not look " quite normal.""A man aged 46 presented himself at the dermatological clinic with what was diagnosed as an angioma just above the right eyebrow.He was sent to the radium department for treatment, which was carried out by a surface applicator, a portion of the growing edge being first removed for biopsy.The treatment was eminently successful, but the pathologist's report on the tissue removed was that it was a hyper- nephroma.The position of affairs was explained to the patient, who had never had any symptoms referable to the urinary system.He submitted to a direct pyelography, which showed a filling defect in the pelvis of the right kidney.The kidney was removed and contained a hypernephroma having the same structure as the skin tumour."
Disparities in Access to Lung Transplantation for Patients with Cystic Fibrosis by Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Bradley S. Quon, Kevin Psoter, Nicole Mayer-Hamblett, Moira L. Aitken, Christopher I. Li, Christopher H. Goss
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

Although previous studies suggest that access to care for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) does not vary appreciably by socioeconomic status (SES), disparities with respect to access to lung transplantation for patients with CF are largely unknown.To determine whether access to lung transplantation for patients with CF differs according to SES.Observational study involving 2,167 adult patients with CF from the CF Foundation Patient registry who underwent their first lung transplant evaluation between 2001 and 2009. The primary outcome was acceptance for lung transplant after initial evaluation. The main SES indicator was Medicaid status. Alternate SES indicators included race, educational attainment, ZIP code-level median household income, and driving time from residence to closest lung transplant center.The odds that Medicaid recipients were not accepted for lung transplant were 1.56-fold higher (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27-1.92) than patients without Medicaid, after multivariate adjustment for demographic characteristics, disease severity, and potential contraindications to lung transplant, and before or after use of the lung allocation score. This association was independent of other SES indicators, including race, educational attainment, ZIP code-level median household income, and driving time to closest transplant center (odds ratio [OR] = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.10-1.72). Patients not completing high school (OR = 2.37; 95% CI, 1.49-3.79) and those residing in the lowest (vs. highest) ZIP code median household income category (OR = 1.39; 95% CI, 1.01-1.93) also experienced a higher odds of not being accepted for lung transplant in multivariate analysis.In this nationally representative study of adult patients with CF, multiple indicators of low SES were associated with higher odds of not being accepted for lung transplant.
Liver look-alike: Hepatoid ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Jay H. Lefkowitch
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Five cases of ovarian carcinoma with hepatoid features, three of them primary and two probably primary, are described. The tumor cells were arranged predominantly in sheets and contained moderate to abundant amounts of eosinophilic cytoplasm; varying numbers of tumor cells stained immunohistochemically for alpha-fetoprotein. In contrast to the much younger age range of patients with ovarian hepatoid yolk sac tumors, the ages of the five patients with hepatoid carcinomas ranged from 42 to 78 (average, 63 years), and none of them had gonadal dysgenesis or recognizable germ cell components within their tumors. All the tumors presented as adnexal masses; in four cases they were Stage III and in one case, Stage IIB; this last tumor spread to the upper abdomen within 4 years. In three cases the clinical course and pathology findings indicated that the tumor had originated in the ovary; in the remaining two cases the tumors were interpreted as only probably primary in the ovary. Hepatoid carcinomas must be distinguished from other ovarian neoplasms, especially from hepatoid yolk sac tumors.
Enhanced production of platelet activating factor by peripheral granulocytes from children with asthma
Authors: U. Schauer, B. Koch, U. Michl, R. Jäger, C. H. L. Rieger
Journal: Allergy (1992)

Schauer U, Koch B, Michl U, Jäger R, Rieger CHL. Enhanced production of platelet activating factor by peripheral granulocytes from children with asthma. Granulocytes from 23 asthmatic children aged 4–15 years and 32 age‐matched healthy children were studied. Cells were purified by Dextran sedimentation and Percoll gradient centrifugation from heparinized blood. After in vitro stimulation by ionophore A23187 the amount of newly synthesized PAF and LTC 4 was assessed by radio receptor assay or radioimmunoassay respectively. Eight patients had symptoms of asthma within the last 3 weeks before examination. Granulocytes from the symptomatic patients showed a significantly higher PAF generation (median 125 ng/10 6 cells, range 7–189 ng/10 6 cells) when compared to asymptomatic patients ( p &lt; 0.001. median 14 ng/10 6 cells, range 6–33 ng/10 6 cells) or controls ( p &lt; 0.001, median 11 ng/10 6 cells, range 3–26 ng/10 6 cells). In contrast, LTC 4 generation was increased in both patient groups. The results suggest a regulatory role of PAF in the exacerbation of asthma.
Book Review Pediatric Hospital Medicine: Textbook of Inpatient Management Edited by Ronald M. Perkin, James D. Swift, and Dale A. Newton. 923 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins, 2003. $89.95. 0-7817-3750-8
Authors: Rajendu Srivastava
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)
Putting infants in their place
Authors: David Spurrett, Andrew Dellis
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

The interests of mother and infants do not exactly coincide. Further, infants are not merely objects of attempted control by mothers, but the sources of attempts to control what mothers do. Taking account of the ways in which this is so suggests an enriched perspective on mother-infant interaction and on the beginnings of conventionalized signaling.
The SR-mitochondria interaction: a new player in cardiac pathophysiology
Authors: M. Ruiz-Meana, C. Fernandez-Sanz, D. Garcia-Dorado
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

Mitochondria are essential for energy supply and cell signalling and may be triggers and effectors of cell death. Mitochondrial respiration is tightly controlled by the matrix Ca2+ concentration, which is beat-to-beat regulated by uptake and release mainly through the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, respectively. Recent studies demonstrate that mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is more dependent on anatomo-functional microdomains established with the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) than on cytosolic Ca2+. This privileged communication between SR and mitochondria is not restricted to Ca2+ but may involve ATP and reactive oxygen species, which has important implications in cardiac pathophysiology. The disruption of the SR–mitochondria interaction caused by cell remodelling has been implicated in the deterioration of excitation–contraction coupling of the failing heart. The SR–mitochondria interplay has been suggested to be involved in the depressed Ca2+ transients and mitochondrial dysfunction observed in diabetic hearts as well as in the genesis of certain arrhythmias, and it may play an important role in myocardial reperfusion injury. During reperfusion, re-energization in the presence of cytosolic Ca2+ overload results in SR-driven Ca2+ oscillations that may promote mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT). The relationship between MPT and Ca2+ oscillations is bidirectional, as recent data show that the induction of MPT in Ca2+-overloaded cardiomyocytes may result in mitochondrial Ca2+ release that aggravates Ca2+ handling and favours hypercontracture. A more complete characterization of the structural arrangements responsible for SR–mitochondria interplay will allow better understanding of cardiac (patho)physiology but also, and no less important, should serve as a basis for the development of new treatments for cardiac diseases.
The immunology of neurodegeneration
Authors: Eva Czirr, Tony Wyss-Coray
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

While immune responses in neurodegeneration were regarded as little more than a curiosity a decade ago, they are now increasingly moving toward center stage. Factors driving this movement include the recognition that most of the relevant immune molecules are produced within the brain, that microglia are proficient immune cells shaping neuronal circuitry and fate, and that systemic immune responses affect brain function. We will review this complex field from the perspective of neurons, extra-neuronal brain cells, and the systemic environment and highlight the possibility that cell intrinsic innate immune molecules in neurons may function in neurodegenerative processes.
DENGUE FEVER, AS OBSERVED IN BROWNSVILLE, TEXAS, IN AUGUST, 1907.
Authors: JOSEPH GOLDBERGER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The city of Brownsville lies on the left bank of the Rio Grande, about ten miles from the mouth. It has a population locally estimated to be about 8,000 (6,305 according to the census of 1900), of which a large portion is Mexican. The city has no public water supply, in consequence of which river water is hauled in water carts and kept in barrels and tanks and is in very general use for all purposes, except by the better-to-do portion of the population, which obtains its drinking water from the rain water of cisterns. These water receptacles serve, of course, as excellent breeding places for the<i>Stegomyia calopus</i>and the<i>Culex pipiens</i>mosquitoes, both of which were very much in evidence. Although there is no sewerage, the natural drainage into the river is sufficient to carry off the storm water rapidly, so that we observed no stagnant water in
Hodgkin's disease. II.
Authors: D. W. Smithers
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Relation to Other DisordersThe relation of Hodgkin's disease to certain other disorders is a fascinating study in itself, and cannot be more than touched on here.The commonest of these associated disorders is herpes zoster, the generalized form of which-indistinguishable from varicella-is to be seen most frequently in patients with lymphomas (Burgoon, Burgoon, and Baldridge, 1957 ; Williams,
Overexpression of leukotriene C4 synthase in bronchial biopsies from patients with aspirin-intolerant asthma.
Authors: A S Cowburn, K Sladek, J Soja, L Adamek, E Nizankowska, A Szczeklik, B K Lam, J F Penrose, F K Austen, S T Holgate, A P Sampson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Aspirin causes bronchoconstriction in aspirin-intolerant asthma (AIA) patients by triggering cysteinyl-leukotriene (cys-LT) production, probably by removing PGE2-dependent inhibition. To investigate why aspirin does not cause bronchoconstriction in all individuals, we immunostained enzymes of the leukotriene and prostanoid pathways in bronchial biopsies from AIA patients, aspirin-tolerant asthma (ATA) patients, and normal (N) subjects. Counts of cells expressing the terminal enzyme for cys-LT synthesis, LTC4 synthase, were fivefold higher in AIA biopsies (11.5+/-2.2 cells/mm2, n = 10) than in ATA biopsies (2.2+/-0.7, n = 10; P = 0. 0006) and 18-fold higher than in N biopsies (0.6+/-0.4, n = 9; P = 0. 0002). Immunostaining for 5-lipoxygenase, its activating protein (FLAP), LTA4 hydrolase, cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, and COX-2 did not differ. Enhanced baseline cys-LT levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of AIA patients correlated uniquely with bronchial counts of LTC4 synthase+ cells (rho = 0.83, P = 0.01). Lysine-aspirin challenge released additional cys-LTs into BAL fluid in AIA patients (200+/-120 pg/ml, n = 8) but not in ATA patients (0. 7+/-5.1, n = 5; P = 0.007). Bronchial responsiveness to lysine-aspirin correlated exclusively with LTC4 synthase+ cell counts (rho = -0.63, P = 0.049, n = 10). Aspirin may remove PGE2-dependent suppression in all subjects, but only in AIA patients does increased bronchial expression of LTC4 synthase allow marked overproduction of cys-LTs leading to bronchoconstriction.
New Agreement To Strengthen Cancer Prevention Among Blacks
Authors: J. Burklow
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article New Agreement To Strengthen Cancer Prevention Among Blacks Get access John Burklow John Burklow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 10, 22 May 1989, Pages 733–734, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.10.733 Published: 22 May 1989
New Developments in Lung Cancer Screening
Authors: James L. Mulshine
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Lung cancer is the most lethal cancer in our society. Late diagnosis of this disease is a major problem and so recent favorable reports with spiral computed tomography screening of high-risk populations have rekindled interest in improving early lung cancer detections. The process of lung cancer screening is a complicated process that involves many component activities. Interest to date has heavily focused on the initial case identification, but more recent reports have suggested that the issues with case work-up and surgical management also bear closer consideration. Given the dynamic nature of spiral computed tomography scan development and the remarkable improvements in imaging resolution over the last decade, there is an urgent need for research to establish optimal clinical management of early lung cancer detected in a screening setting.
Dermatitis Herpetiformis in Two Patients with Idiopathic Steatorrhoea (Adult Coeliac Disease)
Authors: N. G. Fraser, A. Ferguson, D. Murray
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Two patients who had had idiopathic steatorrhoea for several years developed typical eruptions of dermatitis herpetiformis. In each case the rash responded to treatment with dapsone.It is more usual for the rash to precede the enteropathy when the two occur together, but the association between coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis is not yet clear.
Caring for babies of very low birth weight.
Authors: F N Porter
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Management of self-poisoned patients in hospital SIR,-Although we are in broad agreement with the conclusions of Dr R Gardner and his colleagues (18 November, p 1392) we would dispute the methods they adopted to assess success or failure in management.It has been clearly shown that psychiatrists show no uniformity in the management of this group of patients.1 Therefore it is not surprising that physicians proved to be as competent.We would also dispute that success in management can be assessed solely by a junior physician agreeing with the psychiatrist who has trained him over future management.Quite correctly Dr Gardner and his colleagues state that many self-poisoning patients "have taken tablets or medicines prescribed by medical practitioners."However, in a recent study of 236 patients suffering from overdoses in Newcastle upon Tyne we found that 2000 were receiving psychiatric treatment at the time of their overdose while a further 25 0 had at some time been under the care of a psychiatrist.This would not support the conclusion that better training in psychiatric assessment necessarily offers any advantage.We would suggest that from their data one has the right to conclude only that physicians are equally as incompetent as psychiatrists in assessing these patients and that perhaps we should look further to see if another professional discipline can help us.
VAGINAL LIGATION OF THE BROAD LIGAMENTS FOR FIBROIDS OF THE UTERUS AND OTHER MINOR SURGICAL TREATMENT.
Authors: FRANKLIN H. MARTIN
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Vaginal ligation of the contents of the base of the broad ligaments, for the cure of fibroids of the uterus, was devised and performed by me as a new and original operation Nov. 15, 1892, and was described and published in the April number of the<i>American Journal of Obstetrics</i>in 1893. In the January number of the<i>American Journal of Obstetrics</i>, 1894, I reported six cases treated by the new operation. The operation as originally described by me is as follows: The ligation of more or less of the broad ligament of the uterus, with its vessels and nerves, the extent of the ligation depending upon the result sought, from a simple ligation of the base of the ligament, including the uterine arteries and branches of both sides without opening the peritoneum to a complete ligation of the ligament of one side, including both uterine and ovarian arteries, with
Rectal Gonorrhea in Men: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: DENIS A. LEBEDEFF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

In a prospective investigation of rectal gonorrhea in men, 1262 patients were studied on the basis of rectal symptoms, gonorrhea contact, or a previously positive rectal culture for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Five hundred fifty-four patients (44%) had rectal gonorrhea, based on a positive culture; in these patients the symptom of mucus on the stool and the anoscopic finding of generalized exudate proved significant but of low specificity when compared with symptoms and findings in culture-negative patients. Patients were treated with either 4.8 million units of procaine penicillin with 1 g probenecid, 3.5 or 4.5 g of ampicillin with 1 g probenecid, or 9.5 g of tetracycline given over 4 days. Four hundred seven patients with rectal gonorrhea returned for test of cure. Failure rates were 5% with each of the first three regimens and 15% with tetracycline (P less than 3.31). Procaine penicillin with probenecid is recommended as the treatment of choice, with tetracycline being reserved for penicillin-allergic patients.