tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of chromosomal damage by arsenic: implications for mechanism.
Authors: J W Yager, J K Wiencke
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Arsenic is a naturally occurring metalloid that has been associated with increased incidence of human cancer in certain highly exposed populations. Arsenic is released to the environment by natural means such as solubilization from geologic formations into water supplies. It is also released to occupational and community environments by such activities as nonferrous ore smelting and combustion of fuels containing arsenic. Several lines of evidence indicate that arsenic acts indirectly with other agents to ultimately enhance specific genotoxic effects that may lead to carcinogenesis. Work described here indicates that arsenite specifically potentiates chromosomal aberrations induced by a DNA crosslinking agent, 1,3-butadiene diepoxide, but does not effect the induction of sister chromatid exchanges under the same treatment conditions. It is proposed that the specific co-clastogenic effects of arsenite seen here may be mediated by its interference with DNA repair activities. Further understanding of the mechanism by which arsenic interacts with other environmental agents will result in more accurate estimates of risk from exposure to arsenic.
Left ventricular function before and following aortic valve replacement.
Authors: J W Kennedy, J Doces, D K Stewart
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Twenty-four patients with aortic valve disease were studied before and 19+/-12 months following valve replacement with a well functioning prosthesis. Biplane left ventricular angiography and pressures were utilized to determine end-diastolic volume/m2 (EDV), end-systolic volume/m2 (ESV), ejection fraction (EF), left ventricular mass/m2 (LVM) and stroke work (SW). There were nine patients with aortic stenosis (AS), ten patients with combined stenosis and regurgitation (AS-AR), and five patients with aortic regurgitation (AR). Following surgery, patients with regurgitation preoperatively showed marked regression in EDV and ESV. All groups demonstrated regression in LVM. Fifteen patients with a normal EF preoperatively (65+/-11%) had no change after surgery; the nine patients with a low EF before surgery (38+/-8%) had a normal EF after surgery (60+/-16%). We conclude that left ventricular dilatation, hypertrophy, and reduced left ventricular pump function are largely reversible after successful aortic valve replacement.
Duodenal Varices in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: J. Y. Sung, S. C. S. Chung, H. T. Leung, C. W. Lai, A. E. Ismael, A. K. C. Li
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

See also: Evaluation of Endosonography in Sclerotherapy of Esophageal VaricesEndoscopy 1991; 23(05): 247-250DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1010678
THE THERAPEUTIC ACTION OF THE NATURAL MINERAL SPRINGS OF CRESSON UPON THE MUCOUS MEMBRANE OF THE NOSE AND THROAT.
Authors: C. SEILER
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Read in Section of Ophthalmology, Otology and Laryngology of the American Medical Association, May, 1884. During a short sojourn at Cresson Springs, last summer, I became acquainted with the mineral springs of the place; and having observed their therapeutic value on some persons staying there, I resolved to give the matter a thorough test. It was an easy matter to obtain a sufficient quantity of the waters for trial during the winter, and the following remarks will give a<i>resumé</i>of the results of numerous trials as well as a few hints as to the proper use of mineral waters in general. The following analyses of the iron, alum and magnesia springs at Cresson, were made by Professor F. A. Genth, of the University of Pennsylvania, for the State Geological Survey, in 1875. One gallon of 231 cubic inches contains: There are at Cresson three springs: One a very strong
Community-based participatory research as a tool to advance environmental health sciences.
Authors: Liam R O'Fallon, Allen Dearry
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

The past two decades have witnessed a rapid proliferation of community-based participatory research (CBPR) projects. CBPR methodology presents an alternative to traditional population-based biomedical research practices by encouraging active and equal partnerships between community members and academic investigators. The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), the premier biomedical research facility for environmental health, is a leader in promoting the use of CBPR in instances where community-university partnerships serve to advance our understanding of environmentally related disease. In this article, the authors highlight six key principles of CBPR and describe how these principles are met within specific NIEHS-supported research investigations. These projects demonstrate that community-based participatory research can be an effective tool to enhance our knowledge of the causes and mechanisms of disorders having an environmental etiology, reduce adverse health outcomes through innovative intervention strategies and policy change, and address the environmental health concerns of community residents.
Interaction of genetic deficiency of endothelial nitric oxide, gender, and pregnancy in vascular response to injury in mice.
Authors: M Moroi, L Zhang, T Yasuda, R Virmani, H K Gold, M C Fishman, P L Huang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

To begin to dissect atherogenesis as a complex genetic disorder affected by genetic makeup and environment, we have (a) generated a reproducible mouse model of neointimal growth; (b) evaluated the effect of disruption of a single gene, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, believed to be central to intimal growth, and (c) examined the modifying effects of gender and pregnancy upon the vascular response. Cuff placement around the femoral artery causes reproducible intimal growth. We assessed the response to injury by quantitative morphometry, measuring the intimal to medial (I/M) volume ratio. In wild-type mice, cuff placement causes pronounced intimal proliferation without affecting the media, resulting in I/M ratios of 31% (SV129 males) and 27% (C57BL/6 males). eNOS mutant male mice have a much greater degree of intimal growth (I/M ratio of 70%). Female mice show less intimal response than do males, although eNOS mutant female mice still have more response than do wild-type females. Most dramatic, however, is the effect of pregnancy, which essentially abolishes the intimal response to injury, even overriding the effect of eNOS mutation. We conclude that eNOS deficiency is a genetic predisposition to intimal proliferation that is enhanced by male gender, and that may be overridden by pregnancy.
Normal Chromosome Findings In Spray-Adhesive Users
Authors: Bradley T. Gong
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  Spray adhesive products have recently been banned by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission, and the public was warned about possible genetic damage therefrom. This was based on unpublished data from J. Rodman Seely (University of Oklahoma), showing an increased frequency of chromosomal gaps and breaks in lymphocytes cultured from two unrelated dysmorphic infants and their spray-adhesive user parents, plus four other adults who were spray-adhesive users. Chromosomal gaps plus breaks in the aforementioned group of ten individuals averaged 9% vs 1.65% in the control group.  Herein, we report the findings in six adult spray-adhesive users and the infant offspring of one. These individuals were referred for study because of the public warning of possible genetic or teratogenic effects, a warning we consider to have been premature. None of the individuals had experienced clinical symptoms related to their use of spray adhesives.    Subject 1, who was in
A SIMPLE OPERATION FOR SENILE ENTROPION.
Authors: CLARK W. HAWLEY
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The patient, 80 years old, has suffered many years from trachoma and its following ills, among others senile entropion of the lower lid. The ptosis, the entropion and the corneal disturbance of the left eye is of very old standing, but the right entropion of the lower lid was of recent origin and was causing such corneal opacity that the patient's ability to get about was very much curtailed; she, therefore, asked for relief. Entropion of this character has to do with the entire folding in of the lid and not to the contraction of the cartilage, and is not uncommon in elderly people not suffering from some other disease. It often seems to be due to a lack of tone in the muscles and skin about the eyes. She was not very hopeful, as one operation on the left lid proved a failure, but was anxious that something be done because of the severe pain and rapidly failing vision.
Well, if you are old and frail . . .
Authors: David Oliver
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The personal view describing deficient care of the author's ageing mother with mental health problems was harrowing.1 Although many service users do not experience such poor care, there is much objective evidence of “undignified and indifferent care” and “deep rooted and persistent attitudes by hospitals and staff to older people.”2 The old and mentally ill suffer discriminatory attitudes considered unacceptable in other groups. 

Some of the problems described are …
The splenic autoimmune response to ADAMTS13 in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura contains recurrent antigen-binding CDR3 motifs
Authors: Monica Schaller, Monique Vogel, Karim Kentouche, Bernhard Lämmle, Johanna A. Kremer Hovinga
Journal: Blood (2014)

Key Points The spleen harbors ADAMTS13-specific memory B cells following acute acquired TTP. The splenic anti-ADAMTS13 antibody repertoire is characterized by a set of unique and novel CDR3 motifs, 4 shared by 2 patients.
Intestinal ischemia induces late preconditioning against myocardial infarction: a role for inducible nitric oxide synthase
Authors: Y Wang
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objective: We tested the hypothesis that occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery induces late preconditioning against myocardial infarction and examined the effects of pharmacological modifiers of inducible nitric oxide synthase activity on the late preconditioning in anesthetized rats. Methods: Rats underwent an intestinal ischemia preconditioning protocol (30 min occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery) or were sham-operated. They were subjected to a sustained 30 min of coronary occlusion and 180 min of reperfusion 24 h later. Results: In rats receiving no pharmacological intervention, the percentage of myocardial infarct within the area at risk and left ventricle was 72±4% and 31±2%, respectively, in sham-operated rats, and these were significantly reduced to 44±4% and 23±2% (P<0.01) 24 h after intestinal ischemia preconditioning. Myeloperoxidase activity was significantly reduced by intestinal ischemia preconditioning. Administration of aminoguanidine (300 mg/kg, s.c.) or S-methylisothiourea sulfate (3 mg/kg, i.v.), both relative inducible NO synthase inhibitors, 60 or 30 min before sustained myocardial ischemia not only abolished the late preconditioning afforded by intestinal ischemia, but also inhibited the ability of intestinal ischemia preconditioning to significantly reduce neutrophil infiltration. A change in inducible NO synthase activity was not observed in normal myocardium 24 h after intestinal ischemia, but 30 min of coronary occlusion significantly increased the inducible NO synthase activity in the preconditioned group, which was abolished by aminoguanidine or S-methylisothiourea sulfate. Conclusions: These data provide pharmacological evidence that induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase, following intestinal ischemia, is associated with increased myocardial tolerance to infarction 24 h later.
Are HLA antigens important in the development of alcohol-induced liver disease?
Authors: R Faizallah, J C Woodrow, N K Krasner, R J Walker, A I Morris
Journal: BMJ (1982)

The prevalences of 10 HLA-A and 16 HLA-B antigens were determined in 50 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and 120 alcoholic patients without cirrhosis and compared with those in a control group of 550 healthy subjects from the same geographical area. B40 was absent in the patients with cirrhosis but was found in 18 (15%) of the patients without cirrhosis (p = 0.0087). No other association was noted. It is concluded that there is no good evidence to date of an association between HLA antigen state and susceptibility to alcohol-induced cirrhosis.
Enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium versus cyclosporin A as long-term treatment in adult patients with severe atopic dermatitis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Inge M. Haeck, Mirjam J. Knol, Onno ten Berge, Sara G.A. van Velsen, Marjolein S. de Bruin-Weller, Carla A.F.M. Bruijnzeel-Koomen
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)
Effect of acute hyperglycaemia on gall bladder contraction induced by cholecystokinin in humans.
Authors: S Y de Boer, A A Masclee, M C Jebbink, J Schipper, H H Lemkes, J B Jansen, C B Lamers
Journal: Gut (1993)

This study examined the effect of acute hyperglycaemia, induced by intravenous glucose, on gall bladder motility. Six healthy volunteers were studied in random order on three occasions during normoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia with blood glucose concentrations stabilised at 8 and 15 mmol/l. Gall bladder volumes, measured with ultrasonography, were studied before and during infusion of stepwise increasing doses of cholecystokinin (CCK-33; 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 IDU.kg-1.h-1). Each dose was given for 30 minutes. Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) secretion was determined as an indirect measure of cholinergic tone. Infusion of CCK-33 resulted in significant dose dependent reductions in gall bladder volume in all three experiments. Compared with normoglycaemia the gall bladder contraction was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) reduced during infusion of 0.25 and 0.5 IDU kg-1.h-1 CCK-33 in the 8 mmol/l hyperglycaemic experiment, and during infusion of 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 IDU kg-1.h-1 CCK-33 in the 15 mmol hyperglycaemic experiment. During hyperglycaemia basal plasma PP concentrations and PP secretion in response to CCK-33 were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) reduced. It is concluded that blood glucose concentrations affect gall bladder motility, that an acute hyperglycaemia at 8 and 15 mmol/l reduces the gall bladder responsiveness to CCK-33 in a dose dependent manner, and that hyperglycaemia reduces basal and CCK-33 stimulated plasma PP concentrations, suggesting impaired cholinergic activity during hyperglycaemia.
Education still needs to be improved for trainee doctors
Authors: T. Pickersgill, M. Porter, A. Hobart, N. Mamode
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Two recent editorials have brought back to the fore the debate about the need for improvements in the training of junior doctors and why temporal fortitude in terms of years spent working in service based posts gaining “experience” is not a surrogate for truly structured training. 1 2

It was agreed by all signatories to the heads of agreement in 1990 that all basic and most higher specialist training needs could be fulfilled within duty limits of 72 hours as laid down in the new …
Variable Dendritic Integration in Hippocampal CA3 Pyramidal Neurons
Authors: Judit K. Makara, Jeffrey C. Magee
Journal: Neuron (2013)

The hippocampal CA3 region is essential for pattern completion and generation of sharp-wave ripples. During these operations, coordinated activation of ensembles of CA3 pyramidal neurons produces spatiotemporally structured input patterns arriving onto dendrites of recurrently connected CA3 neurons. To understand how such input patterns are translated into specific output patterns, we characterized dendritic integration in CA3 pyramidal cells using two-photon imaging and glutamate uncaging. We found that thin dendrites of CA3 pyramidal neurons integrate synchronous synaptic input in a highly supralinear fashion. The amplification was primarily mediated by NMDA receptor activation and was present over a relatively broad range of spatiotemporal input patterns. The decay of voltage responses, temporal summation, and action potential output was regulated in a compartmentalized fashion mainly by a G-protein-activated inwardly rectifying K+ current. Our results suggest that plastic dendritic integrative mechanisms may support ensemble behavior in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampal circuitry.
Risk of recurrence of prolonged pregnancy
Authors: A. W. Olesen
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Risk of recurrence of prolonged pregnancyProlonged pregnancy-a pregnancy with a gestational length of 294 days or more-occurs in about 5% of all births.It is associated with a higher frequency of obstetric complications and perinatal morbidity, 1 and little is known about its aetiology. 2 We studied the risk of recurrence of prolonged pregnancy as a function of change in partner or change in social conditions.
Insulin Resistance and Non—insulin-dependent Diabetes-Reply
Authors: John Gerich
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr de Neeling's first concern was that we might have matched for the insulin-resistant genotype when we matched our subjects for obesity. To the extent that obesity is genetic, this may be true. If that were the case, obesity would be the genetic cause of insulin resistance, and there would be no intrinsic insulin-resistance gene as is commonly thought. The latter is the point of the article. The second concern was that by including subjects older than 50 years we had selected people who, having normal glucose tolerance at that age, may have lacked an insulin-resistance gene. First of all, of the 50 individuals studied, only 13 were older than 50 years. Second, the median age of our subjects was 41 years; the median age of diagnosis of NIDDM in the large United Kingdom prospective Diabetes Study Group was 52 years.<sup>1</sup>Third and most importantly, even if
It's Over, Debbie
Authors: Don C. Shaw
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.  —Hemlock of Illinois is grateful to JAMA for publishing It's Over, Debbie. 1 In so doing, JAMA has contributed substantially to the dialogue on the important and unresolved issue of physician aid-in-dying.  The Debbie story is the opposite of what the Hemlock Society espouses. It is also the perfect story for what those supporting the right to life perceive as the dangers of legalizing physician aid-in-dying.  We condemn the Debbie case as both illegal and unethical, both by present law and ethics and by the law we hope to achieve in the near future. The Hemlock Society firmly believes in legalized physician aid-in-dying only when it conforms to the following requirements:   There must be adequate legal documentation that the euthanasia was requested by the patient well in advance of its occurring.  The physician who aids the patient in dying must have known the patient and must have
Establishing Comparable Requirements and Treatment Groups Before Applying Statistical Comparison
Authors: Claudia Stöllberger, Josef Finsterer
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

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An Address ON THE MEDICAL TREATMENT OF THE POOR
Authors: J. C. McVail
Journal: BMJ (1910)

MEDICAL JOUR;NAI exploration.It was found that he had an appendix which was thickened, kinked, and bound down, and after it was removed he lost his pain.Here, then, was a case in which one was apt to think that one was dealing with gastric trouble owing to the aggravation of the pain by the taking of solids. EXTRA-ABDOMINAL PAIN SIMULATING DYSPEPSIA.Of extra-abdominal causes of pain which may simulate dyspepsia, mention should be made of spinal caries and pleurisy.Both of these mistakes are more apt to arise in children.In spinal caries the child sometimes refers the pain to the epigastrium, which is apt to make one think that the case is one of dyspepsia.Pleurisy also, particularly left-sided pleurisy, mav easily deceive.Not long ago I saw in one week two patients who believed themselves to be suffering from dyspepsia, but who on examination were found to have malignant disease of the p'eura.In both cases it was secondary to mammary carcinoma.The wasting, and weakness, and mis- interpreted pain had led the patients to think they were the subjects of indigestion.
Some Aspects of Colour-blindness
Authors: E. N. Willmer
Journal: BMJ (1950)

<b>OBJECTIVE:</b> To investigate to role of TREM2 in aging-related neuroinflammation, cognitive deficiency, and AD-like neuropathology <b>BACKGROUND:</b> As a major characteristic of aging process, neuroinflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of several aging-related diseases including Alzheimer’s diseases (AD). Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM) 2 is a newly identified risk gene for AD, which has been found to regulate inflammatory process in peripheral tissues via modulating the release of inflammatory cytokines. To date, the role of TREM2 in aging-related neuroinflammation, cognitive deficiency, and AD-like neuropathology is unclear. <b>DESIGN/METHODS:</b> We detected the levels of TREM2 in brain of 3-, 7-, and 11-month-old senescence accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice. We also knocked down TREM2 expression in brain of 7-month-old SAMP8 mice by nonviral RNA interference, and observed the changes in inflammatory markers, aging-related neuropathology, and cognitive functions. <b>RESULTS:</b> We found that TREM2 levels was increased during aging process. After TREM2 knowdown, a significant increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-6 was found, which was accompanied by a reduction in IL-10. Meanwhile, more obvious neuronal and synaptic losses as well as cognitive impairment were also observed. <b>CONCLUSIONS:</b> These findings indicate that TREM2 may play a protective role against aging-related neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. <b>Study Supported by:</b> None <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Teng has nothing to disclose. Dr. Yu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tan has nothing to disclose.