tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE MORTALITY OF SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS IN DIABETES
Authors: W. MORRIS WEEDEN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The discovery of insulin has opened a new era in the treatment of diabetes. While not supplanting the older method of treatment—that of diet—it has proved itself an invaluable aid in allowing the use of a more liberal diet and in tiding patients over the various crises to which diabetic patients are liable. High on the list of these crises stands any surgical condition that may complicate the disease. Diabetic patients have long been recognized as extremely poor surgical risks, and the mortality, no matter what the surgical condition, has always been high. I believe that insulin, however, will reduce this mortality to a great extent, and the small series of cases here presented would tend to bear out that belief. It is too early in our use of the drug to determine whether or not insulin will reduce the occurrence of certain surgical conditions that are strictly complications of
Health Care Reform Requires Accountable Care Systems
Authors: Stephen M. Shortell
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Consciousness by the lights of logic and commonsense
Authors: Selmer Bringsjord
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

I urge return by the lights of logic and commonsense to a dialectical tabula rasa – according to which: (1) consciousness, in the ordinary pre-analytic sense of the term, is identified with P-consciousness, and “A-consciousness” is supplanted by suitably configured terms from its Blockian definition; (2) the supposedly fallacious Searlean argument for the view that a function of P-consciousness is to allow flexible and creative cognition is enthymematic and, when charitably specified, quite formidable.
Improvement in the dissolution rate and tableting properties of cefuroxime axetil by melt-granulated dispersion and surface adsorption
Authors: Jammula Sruti, Chinam Niranjan Patra, Suryakanta Swain, Kanhu Charan Panigrahi, Allupati Premananda Patro, Sarwar Beg, Subas Chandra Dinda, Muddana Eswara Bhanoji Rao
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2013)

A combination of melt-granulated dispersion and surface adsorption techniques was used to enhance the dissolution and tableting properties of cefuroxime axetil (CA). Gelucire 50/13 was used as the melt-dispersion carrier and Sylysia 350 was used to adsorb the melt dispersion. Solubility studies showed an 8-fold increase in solubility at a ratio of 1:1.5 for CA:Gelucire 50/13. The minimum quantity of Sylysia 350 required to achieve the desired flowability and compressibility was 0.5 parts of Sylysia 350 per unit of Gelucire 50/13. Phase solubility studies showed negative ΔGtr0 values for Gelucire 50/13 at various concentrations (2–10%, w/v), indicating the spontaneous nature of solubilization. FT-IR and DSC spectra exhibited drug-excipient compatibility. Molecular modeling by a computational method employing energy minimization revealed entrapment of CA in Gelucire 50/13. The total potential energy of CA (70.562 kcal/mol) was reduced to 33.578 kcal/mol after solid dispersion with Gelucire 50/13. P-XRD studies indicated that the presence of Sylysia 350 is less likely to promote the reversion of the amorphous CA to a crystalline state. In vitro dissolution studies demonstrated an improved dissolution rate, and drug release at 15 min (Q15min) exhibited a 15-fold improvement. The rapidly dissolving CA tablets showed improved dissolution with improved tableting properties.
Glucose Suppression of Serum Growth Hormone in the Diagnosis of Acromegaly
Authors: Jerry M. Earll
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The range of serum immunoreactive human growth hormone (IRHGH) levels found in normal and acromegalic individuals prevented complete separation of the two groups. A test has been devised whereby IRHGH levels are determined before and one hour after administration of 100 gm of glucose orally. Nonacromegalic individuals suppress IRHGH to minimally detectable levels. Patients with acromegaly show responses ranging from paradoxical elevations and fixed levels to only moderate degrees of suppression, but not to the very low levels of normal individuals.
The Doctor's Dilemma — And Society's Too
Authors: Alexander Leaf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Young physicians today, as has been the custom since Hippocrates, take an oath on entering the profession to serve singlemindedly as their patient's advocate and only in his or her best interests. No other considerations are to modify this hallowed contract. Only the patient, or the patient's family, and the physician are involved; no other party or parties should intrude. The contract between physician and patient is a private affair and no one else's business. The physician makes the diagnosis and, with the informed consent of the patient, manages the treatment. The patient subsequently pays the physician's fee, and that . . .
Critically Ill Patients and Long-term Acute Care Hospitals—Reply
Authors: Jeremy M. Kahn, Theodore J. Iwashyna
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Another US healthcare giant is hit by scandal
Authors: R. Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A medical entrepreneur from Alabama is facing charges that he ran an elaborate scheme to defraud shareholders of $2.7bn (£1.6bn; €;2.3bn), by devising fake assets and overstating earnings.

In March this year agents from the Federal Bureau of Investigation raided the Birmingham offices of HealthSouth, a national chain of almost 2000 medical clinics and hospitals specialising in rehabilitation.

As a result of that raid the former chief executive officer Richard Scrushy last week appeared in a federal court to hear the 85 charges against him. He was then …
TLRs and IFNs: critical pieces of the autoimmunity puzzle
Authors: Argyrios N. Theofilopoulos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Discoveries revealing the molecular basis of innate immune responses, particularly the identification of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as the major recognition sensors for microbial and even self-molecules, have provided new insights into the pathogenesis of both systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases. These insights will permit the development of novel treatment modalities for these disorders.
Abstract 590: Enhancing effect of resveratrol on the antileukemic effects of arsenic trioxide.
Authors: Edward J. Wu, Dennis J. Goussetis, Leonidas C. Platanias
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of APL, in which it has major clinical activity. However, the requirement of high doses to generate antileukemic effects has been a limitation for As2O3‘s potential use in other subtypes of AML. Given As2O3‘s potent antileukemic properties in vitro, approaches to enhance its effects are of clinical and translational relevance. Resveratrol (RSV), a phytoalexin found naturally in grapes and other plants, has wide-ranging health benefits, and in leukemias, has been shown to induce apoptosis and act synergistically with other agents. In studies to examine the influence of RSV on As2O3‘s antileukemic effects, we found that RSV enhances As2O3-induced cell death in KT1 cells as shown by flow cytometric and MTT analyses to assess apoptosis and cell viability. Our studies demonstrate that combined As2O3 and RSV treatment significantly reduces leukemic progenitor colony formation in a dose dependent manner by K562, KT1, and U937 cell lines. It also results in enhanced suppressessive effects on primary leukemic progenitors from patients with myeloid leukemias. Altogether, our results suggest that use of RSV may provide an approach to enhance the antileukemic effects of As2O3 treatment by potentiating the effects of lower As2O3 doses. Citation Format: Edward J. Wu, Dennis J. Goussetis, Leonidas C. Platanias. Enhancing effect of resveratrol on the antileukemic effects of arsenic trioxide. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 590. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-590
von Willebrand's disease and menorrhagia: Prevalence, diagnosis, and management
Authors: Jody L. Kujovich
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

Abstract The reported prevalence of von Willebrand's disease (vWD) is increased in women with menorrhagia, with current estimates ranging from 5% to 20%. The consistent results of multiple studies suggest testing should be included in the evaluation of patients with menorrhagia, especially in unexplained cases and prior to surgical intervention. Although a cyclic variation in von Willebrand's factor levels has not been confirmed, several studies suggest lower levels during menses and the early follicular phase. Menorrhagia is one of the most common bleeding manifestations of von Willebrand's disease, reported by 60–95% of women afflicted with this bleeding disorder. Menorrhagia is typically severe, often resulting in anemia and interfering with quality of life. Despite the frequency of menorrhagia, there is no consensus on optimal management. Although oral contraceptives are frequently prescribed, there are no studies confirming their efficacy using objective measures of response. Desmopressin was associated with an 80–92% response rate in several uncontrolled studies relying on patient assessment of efficacy. However, a small, randomized trial found no significant reduction in menstrual blood flow compared with placebo. There are anecdotal reports of the successful use of antifibrinolytic agents alone and in combination with other therapies. There are no studies comparing the relative efficacy and safety of the available medical therapies for von Willebrand's disease associated menorrhagia. Until these studies are completed, treatment should be individualized based on von Willebrand's disease subtype, patient age, contraceptive needs, and personal preference. Am. J. Hematol. 79:220–228, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Platelet Function in Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated With Direct Angioplasty
Authors: Meinrad Gawaz, Franz-Josef Neumann, Ilka Ott, Alexander Schiessler, Albert Schömig
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background In acute myocardial infarction (AMI), platelets play a key role in thrombotic processes that limit the patency of the recanalized, infarct-related coronary artery and contribute to reperfusion injury. Platelet function in the course of AMI treated by direct percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) has not been evaluated. Methods and Results In 15 patients with anterior AMI, peripheral venous blood samples were obtained before and 4, 8, 24, and 48 hours after recanalization of the occluded artery by PTCA. Fifteen patients who had stable coronary heart disease and were undergoing elective balloon angioplasty served as control subjects. Fibrinogen receptor function and surface expression of P-selectin on platelets were determined by flow cytometry. In addition, we evaluated generation of platelet-derived microparticles and the effect of systemic plasma from patients with AMI on normal platelet function and on platelet adhesion to human endothelial cells in culture. We found fibrinogen receptor activity and P-selectin expression on circulating platelets 8 hours after direct PTCA are decreased ( P &lt;.01). This coincided with a decrease in peripheral platelet count ( P &lt;.05) and an increase in generation of microparticles ( P &lt;.002). Twenty-four to 48 hours after PTCA, fibrinogen receptor activity and P-selectin expression increased again. Systemic plasma obtained before and after direct PTCA sensitized normal platelets to hyperaggregate in vitro ( P &lt;.001) and stimulated platelet adhesion to endothelial cells in culture ( P &lt;.01). None of the changes found in AMI were detectable in the control group. Conclusions After transient apparent deactivation of circulating platelets, probably caused by sequestration of hyperactive platelets, the level of platelet activation increases in patients with AMI treated by direct PTCA. These findings underscore the need for novel antiplatelet strategies in AMI.
Hypoxia induces PMN adherence to umbilical vein endothelium
Authors: T. Arnould, C. Michiels, D. Janssens, E. Delaive, J. Remacle
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

In vitro incubation of cultured endothelial cells under hypoxia leads to the activation of these cells and results in an increase of their adhesiveness for neutrophils (PMN). Because of the possible relevance of these observations for pathological situations, we investigated whether adherence of PMN also occurs in an entire vein after its incubation in hypoxic conditions.Human umbilical veins in complete cords were incubated for 2 h in normoxic or hypoxic conditions and the adherence of unstimulated human 51Cr-labelled-PMN was measured under flow conditions. Experiments with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were performed in parallel for comparison. Morphological studies in scanning electron microscopy were carried out in both in vitro and ex vivo situations.Hypoxia induced an increase in the adherence of PMN either to HUVEC or to the umbilical vein endothelium up to 5- to 6-fold when compared to normoxic conditions (P < 0.001). In both cases, this hypoxia-induced adherence was inhibited by anti-ICAM-1 antibodies or when the PAF (platelet-activating factor) synthesis was blocked during hypoxia by oleic acid. Furthermore, the adherence of PMN was inhibited when PMN were pre-incubated with WEB 2086 (a selective PAF receptor antagonist). These results indicate a crucial role of PAF in this process. Morphological studies confirmed that the number of PMN adherent to hypoxic HUVEC or to the hypoxic umbilical vein endothelium was much greater than the number of PMN on normoxic endothelial cells. Both in vitro and ex vivo, PMN adherent to the hypoxic endothelial cells to the contrary of the ones adherent to normoxic endothelial cells demonstrated membrane foldings typical of an activated state.These results show that in a complete vein, hypoxia induced an increased adhesiveness of endothelial cells for PMN by a similar mechanism to the one observed for cultured endothelial cells. They suggest an active role of endothelial cells in the initiation of the inflammatory response often described in ischemic-reperfused organs.
Abstract LB-79: Synergistic anticancer effects of the 9.2.27PE immunotoxin and ABT-737 in melanoma involves silencing of the anti-apoptotic protein Mcl-1
Authors: Karianne Risberg, Øystein Fodstad, Yvonne Andersson
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract In cancer, combinations of drugs targeting different cellular functions is well accepted to improve tumor control. We studied the effects of a Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE)-based immunotoxin, the 9.2.27PE, and the Bcl-2 family inhibitor ABT-737 in a panel of melanoma cell lines. ABT-737 inhibits the Bcl-2, Bcl-xl and the Bcl-w, but not Mcl-1 and A1 of the Bcl-2 family. The 9.2.27PE + ABT-737 drug combination resulted in synergistic cytotoxicity in the melanoma cells independent of BRAF mutation status. The cell death observed was associated with apoptosis, as activation of caspase-3, inactivation of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and increased DNA fragmentation could be prevented by pre-treatment with caspase and cathepsin inhibitors. In addition, ABT-737 caused endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress with increased GRP78, phosphorylated eIF2α protein levels and increased intracellular calcium levels. The increased intracellular calcium levels were enhanced by silencing of Mcl-1 by short hairpin RNA or by treatment with the 9.2.27PE immunotoxin. These results suggests that Mcl-1 has an inhibitory effect on calcium release from the ER, and that strongly decreased Mcl-1 protein levels after treatment with 9.2.27PE or shRNA may be responsible for the increased intracellular calcium levels in ABT-737 treated melanoma cells. Calcium release has been shown to take place through the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor in the ER membrane, and the Bcl-2 family proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-xl and Mcl-1 have been shown to interact with the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor, supporting our results.1 Notably, the combination of 9.2.27PE and ABT-737 caused growth delay in a human melanoma xenograft mice model. 1. Eckenrode EF et. Al., J Biol Chem. 2010 Apr 30;285(18):13678-84 Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-79. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-79
Epidermolysis bullosa of the oesophagus with oesophageal web formation
Authors: R. A. Marsden, F. J. S. Gowar, A. F. MacDonald, R. A. Main
Journal: Thorax (1974)

<b>Marsden, R. A., Sambrook Gowar, F. J., MacDonald, A. F., and Main, R. A. (1974).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>29</b>, 287-295. <b>Epidermolysis bullosa of the oesophagus with oesophageal web formation.</b> Four members of a family are described with epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica of probable autosomal recessive inheritance. They have shown the typical blistering of the skin and oral mucosa, usually present at birth, which occurs in this uncommon condition. Lesions occur after minor injury and heal slowly with scarring. Abnormalities of the nails and teeth are also present. Oesophageal mucosal involvement can be a serious feature of this type of epidermolysis bullosa and usually manifests clinically as dysphagia and regurgitation of food and blood; oesophageal stenosis may ensue. Dysphagia was present in all four patients described in this study and regurgitation of an oesophageal cast occurred in one. Severe oesophageal stenosis occurred in two patients and minor narrowing and irregularity was present in the others. Treatment by oesophagoscopy and bouginage was carried out in the two patients with stenosis with some relief of dysphagia. Oesophageal webs have rarely been reported in epidermolysis bullosa. In all four of our patients a postcricoid web was found. The presence of a smooth tongue in four patients and anaemia in two suggests the co-existence of the Paterson-Brown Kelly syndrome, although alternatively these webs may have resulted from the blistering and scarring process of epidermolysis bullosa.
Requirements for global prevention and control of non-communicable diseases
Authors: H. M. Lipman
Journal: BMJ (2011)

In adults of any age, the majority of strokes are ischaemic (caused by a blockage in the blood supply to the brain). Stroke in young individuals poses a major health problem. The WHO defines stroke as an event caused by the interruption of the blood supply to the brain, usually because of rupture of a blood vessel or blockage by a clot. This hampers the supply of oxygen and nutrients, causing damage to the brain tissue. Globally, stroke is the third commonest cause of mortality and the fourth leading cause of disease burden. Ischaemic stroke is the most common cerebrovascular disease, most often due to atherothrombotic diseases and uncommonly by disorders of hypercoagulation. Disorders of coagulation leading to thrombotic disorders are approximately 1% of all ischaemic strokes and 4–8% of strokes in young individuals. Similarly, combined deficiency of proteins C and S can lead to hypercoagulable state and rarely presents as a cerebrovascular accident. We describe here a case of a 25-year-old man who presented with right middle cerebral artery territory infarct due to protein C and S deficiency.
TRPV1 in GABAergic Interneurons Mediates Neuropathic Mechanical Allodynia and Disinhibition of the Nociceptive Circuitry in the Spinal Cord
Authors: Yong Ho Kim, Seung Keun Back, Alexander J. Davies, Heejin Jeong, Hyun Jung Jo, Geehoon Chung, Heung Sik Na, Yong Chul Bae, Sang Jeong Kim, Joong Soo Kim, Sung Jun Jung, Seog Bae Oh
Journal: Neuron (2012)
Photon Absorptiometry for Non-invasive Measurement of Bone Mineral Content
Authors: SHIV GUPTA, EVANGELINE LUNA, JOSEPH BELSKY, NELSON GELFMAN, KENNETH MILLER, THOMAS DAVIES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Bone mineral content of the distal radius was determined in 106 patients by single photon absorptiometry using iodine-125 monochromatic source. The technique provided a reliable means to assess the degree of mineral loss in conditions such as osteoporosis, renal osteodystrophy in patients on chronic maintenance dialysis, subjects on long-term steroid therapy, and those with diabetes mellitus. It is more sensitive than conventional radiography and completely noninvasive compared to bone biopsy. It is suggested that photon absorptiometry is a simple, sensitive, and reliable technique for assessment and follow-up of the bone mineral content in a host of disorders associated with bone demineralization.