tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Decline of Ambient Air Pollution Levels and Improved Respiratory Health in Swiss Children
Authors: Lucy Bayer-Oglesby, Leticia Grize, Markus Gassner, Kathy Takken-Sahli, Felix H. Sennhauser, Urs Neu, Christian Schindler, Charlotte Braun-Fahrländer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

The causality of observed associations between air pollution and respiratory health in children is still subject to debate. If reduced air pollution exposure resulted in improved respiratory health of children, this would argue in favor of a causal relation. We investigated whether a rather moderate decline of air pollution levels in the 1990s in Switzerland was associated with a reduction in respiratory symptoms and diseases in school children. In nine Swiss communities, 9,591 children participated in cross-sectional health assessments between 1992 and 2001. Their parents completed identical questionnaires on health status and covariates. We assigned to each child an estimate of regional particles with an aerodynamic diameter < 10 μg/m3 (PM10) and determined change in PM10 since the first survey. Adjusted for socioeconomic, health-related, and indoor factors, declining PM10 was associated in logistic regression models with declining prevalence of chronic cough [odds ratio (OR) per 10-μg/m3 decline = 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.54–0.79], bronchitis (OR = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.55–0.80), common cold (OR = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.68–0.89), nocturnal dry cough (OR = 0.70; 95% CI, 0.60–0.83), and conjunctivitis symptoms (OR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.70–0.95). Changes in prevalence of sneezing during pollen season, asthma, and hay fever were not associated with the PM10 reduction. Our findings show that the reduction of air pollution exposures contributes to improved respiratory health in children. No threshold of adverse effects of PM10 was apparent because we observed the beneficial effects for relatively small changes of rather moderate air pollution levels. Current air pollution levels in Switzerland still exceed limit values of the Swiss Clean Air Act; thus, children's health can be improved further.
Collagen in human myocardium as a function of age
Authors: J. E. LENKIEWICZ, M. J. DAVIES, D. ROSEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1972)

Journal Article Collagen in human myocardium as a function of age Get access J. E. LENKIEWICZ, J. E. LENKIEWICZ From the Biophysics Laboratory, Chelsea College, London, and the Department of Histopathology, St. George's Hospital, London Address for reprints. D. Rosen, Biophysics Laboratory, Chelsea College, Manresa Road, London, SW3 6LX. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. J. DAVIES, M. J. DAVIES From the Biophysics Laboratory, Chelsea College, London, and the Department of Histopathology, St. George's Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. ROSEN D. ROSEN From the Biophysics Laboratory, Chelsea College, London, and the Department of Histopathology, St. George's Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 6, Issue 5, September 1972, Pages 549–555, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/6.5.549 Published: 01 September 1972
Opposing regulatory effects of thioredoxin and eosinophil cytotoxicity-enhancing factor on the development of human immunodeficiency virus 1.
Authors: G W Newman, M K Balcewicz-Sablinska, J R Guarnaccia, H G Remold, D S Silberstein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Exogenous recombinant human thioredoxin (rTRX, &amp;gt; or = 500 nM), a dithiol reductase enzyme, inhibited the expression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 1BaL in human macrophages (M phi) by 71% (range, 26-100%), as evaluated by p24 antigen production and the integration of provirus at 14 d after infection. The stoichiometric reducing agent N-acetylcysteine (NAC) also inhibited HIV production, but to a lesser degree, and only at 30,000-fold higher concentrations. Exogenous rTRX is cleaved by M phi to generate the inflammatory cytokine, eosinophil cytotoxicity-enhancing factor (ECEF). In contrast to rTRX, rECEF (concentrations from 50 pM to 2 microM) enhanced the production of HIV by 67% (range, 33-92%). Thus, whereas TRX is a potent inhibitor of the expression of HIV in human M phi, cleavage of TRX to ECEF creates a mediator with the opposite effect. TRX also inhibited the expression of integrated provirus in the chronically infected OM 10.1 cell line, showing that it can act at a step subsequent to viral infection and integration.
Effect of prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a preliminary study
Authors: B D Greenberg, M S George, J D Martin, J Benjamin, T E Schlaepfer, M Altemus, E M Wassermann, R M Post, D L Murphy
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

Prefrontal mechanisms are implicated in obsessive-compulsive disorder. The authors investigated whether prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation influenced obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms.Twelve patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder were given repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (80% motor threshold, 20 Hz/2 seconds per minute for 20 minutes) to a right lateral prefrontal, a left lateral prefrontal, and a midoccipital (control) site on separate days, randomized. The patients' symptoms and mood were rated for 8 hours afterward.Compulsive urges decreased significantly for 8 hours after right lateral prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, but there were nonsignificant increases in compulsive urges after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the midoccipital site. A shorter-lasting (30 minutes), modest, and nonsignificant reduction in compulsive urges occurred after left lateral prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Mood improved during and 30 minutes after right lateral prefrontal stimulation.These preliminary results suggest that right prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation might affect prefrontal mechanisms involved in obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Autotransplantation of spleen tissue after trauma: encouraging evidence
Authors: M. Annexton
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 3871: Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) inhibitor BMS754807 is active against FLT3-ITD mutated acute myelogenous leukemia and activity is p53 dependent
Authors: Gautam Borthakur, Seshagiri Duvvuri, Twee Tsao, Weiguo Zhang, Vivian Ruvolo, Hongbo Lu, Kensuke Kojima, Marina Konopleva, Michael Andreeff
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The Internal tandem mutation (ITD) in the FLT3 gene is associated with shorter remission duration, overall survival and relapse free survival in patients with normal karyotype acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). FLT3-ITD inhibitors are in clinical development but single agent clinical activity is of limited duration with activation of parallel signaling pathways potentially contributing to most relapses thus highlighting the need for new agents. Because common signaling pathways are activated downstream of FLT3 and IGF1R, we investigated the preclinical activity of IGF1R antagonist BMS754807 against AML cells with FLT3-ITD mutations. Results: BMS 754807 induced apoptosis (Annexin V binding by flow cytometry) in MOLM13 cells (AML cell line with FLT3-ITD mutation and wild type p53) at 48 hrs at submicromolar concentrations, while OCI AML3 cells (p53 and FLT3 wild type) were resistant. Similarly, murine BAF3 cells expressing human FLT3-ITD underwent prompt apoptosis with BMS 754807 while the same cells with human wt-FLT3 were resistant to BMS 754807(IC50s 2.5 μmol vs &amp;gt;10 μmol). Western blot analysis confirmed reduction in FLT3, Akt, ERK, S6 ribosomal protein and GSK3 beta phosphorylation and increase in p53 levels in MOLM13 cells. Interestingly, apoptosis induction was not associated with caspase activation. Moreover, apoptosis induction by BMS 754807 appeared to be p53 dependent as MOLM13 cells with stable expression of short hairpin RNA (sh-RNA) targeting p53 (p53-shRNA) were resistant, while MOLM13 cells expressing scramble sh-RNA underwent apoptosis comparable to parental MOLM13 cells. Surface expression of IGF1R was comparable among parental and p53-shRNA MOLM13 cells. Apoptosis induction by BMS 754807 in p53-WT and FLT3-ITD cells was associated with phosphorylation of p53 at serine 15. Conclusion: BMS 754807 has selective activity against AML cells with FLT3-ITD mutation and this activity is p53 dependent and associated with phosphorylation of p53 at serine 15. Results suggest that IGF1R inhibition has therapeutic potential as novel targeted therapy for AML with FLT3-ITD mutation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3871. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3871
Smallpox samples are found in FDA storage room in Maryland
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Vials containing samples of the smallpox virus have been found in a storage room in a US Food and Drug Administration laboratory in Bethesda, Maryland, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said on 8 July.

FDA scientists found the vials, labeled “variola,” on 1 July while preparing to move the laboratory to a new facility. The vials, which were reported to date from the 1950s, were immediately moved to a containment laboratory in Bethesda, the CDC said. “There …
A5.6 Muscular weakness and pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis - correlations with electromyography, clinical and serological data
Authors: V Iorgoveanu, MM Negru, F Berghea, C Deaconu, L Groseanu, A Borangiu, D Opris, R Ionescu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2015)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Muscular involvement (mostly by weakness, pain and fatigue) is frequently involved in rheumatological practice. Associated myopathy to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an important comorbity that causes supplementary disability. Our objectives are to investigate the muscular involvement in RA with electromyography (amplitude, duration and motor unit potential MUP) and to correlate the data with clinical and laboratory findings. <h3>Material and methods</h3> Consecutive patients with RA, weakness and muscle pain were recruited during a 9 month period. Clinical (VAS, muscular testing, 6 min walk test) and laboratory tests (creatinkinase, dehydrogenase lactate, inflammatory markers, vitamin D serological level) were performed. The electromyographic study was pursued with concentric needle for MUP evaluation, then amplitude, duration and polyphasic pattern at deltoid muscle, interosseous, vastus lateralis and anterior tibial muscle were registered. <h3>Results</h3> 50 patients (88% women, mean age 62.8 +/-11.5 years) diagnosed with PR and muscle weakness were included. Clinically, DAS 28 (mean 3.76+/-1.44), HAQ (mean 1.49+/-1.12), VAS scale pain (mean 5.18+/-2.5), time up and go test (mean 12.62+/-5.78 min) and 6 min walk test (mean 277.306+/-153.34 metres) were reported. DAS 28 correlates positively with serological levels of creatinkinase (0.768, p &lt; 0.00), C reactive protein (0.421, p &lt; 0.00) and vitamin D level (0.871, p &lt; 0.00) also with polyphasic pattern at deltoid level and duration of MUP in vastus lateralis muscle (0.768, p &lt; 0.00). Polyphasic pattern in the upper limb is related to a similar pattern in lower limb muscles (0.510, p &lt; 0.00). Lower duration of action potential was found in: deltoid (64% of cases), anterior tibial (58%), interosseous (44%) and vastus lateralis muscle (36%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Associated myopathy to RA affects quality of life and function impairment in upper and lower limbs. DAS 28 correlates also with myopathic involvement and vitamin D levels in patients with RA. Most affected muscles are deltoid and anterior tibial muscle. Both upper and lower limbs muscles showed similar polyphasic pattern on electromyography.
Haemolytic uraemic syndrome in adults
Authors: D J White, F Yong, M W McKendrick
Journal: BMJ (1988)

6 observations d'anemie hemolytique microangiopathique, chez des adultes, apres des episodes de diarrhee. 4 des malades presentent des troubles fonctionnels renaux. Traitement par rehydratation ou par hemodialyse. Une seule malade, ayant refuse la dialyse, est morte
Origin of hematopoietic progenitor cells after bone marrow transplantation: Analysis by means of a Y‐chromosome specific DNA probe
Authors: Tomoko Nakatsumi, Shinji Nakao, Mamiko Ohtaguro, Tatsuya Chujo, Haruo Tsuchiya, Takeo Niki, Takao Mori, Tamotsu Matsuda, Shintaro Shiobara, Kozo Nagai
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

To characterize hematopoietic cells in mixed hematopoietic chimeras after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT), the authors examined the origin of progenies derived from hematopoietic progenitor cells of male recipients who received a marrow graft from female donors, by use of a Y-chromosome specific DNA (YDNA) probe in combination with an in vitro colony assay. Host-type hematopoietic cells were detected in cultured bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) from 4 out of 6 patients studied, who were all in complete remission. In 2 patients of the mixed chimeras, the relative amount of host-derived YDNA from BMMC increased after methylcellulose cultures for 14 days. Analysis of individual colonies derived from granulocyte-macrophage colony forming units (CFU-GM) from these mixed chimeras, including 2 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), revealed approximately 30% of total colonies were host-type, although no evidence for the existence of residual Ph1 positive cells was obtained by using polymerase chain reaction for detecting bcr-abl chimeric messenger RNA in the 2 CML patients. These findings provide direct evidence that considerable numbers of host-derived normal hematopoietic progenitors survive and persist for a long term in a certain population of marrow recipients, after BMT following supralethal radiochemotherapy.
Nandrolone in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Leon Tec
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> To add to Dr. Feinstein's comments on anorexia nervosa in the June 3 issue ofThe Journal(228:1230, 1974), I would like to mention a method of treatment that I find to be effective. A 14-year-old girl was steadily losing weight. Her weight reached an alarming low. She looked like a skeleton, with a cadaverous and emaciated facial expression. I treated her an additional few weeks without success; we were getting closer to hospitalization and to force-feeding. It occurred to me that I might try nandrolone, an anabolic agent. I was aware of the possible masculinizing effects of the drug and therefore decided to use it very sparingly. I injected 25 mg of nandrolone and waited two weeks before giving the second shot. I stopped encouraging the girl to eat and had the parents follow my lead. Two weeks later, and after further weight decline, I administered
Disease progression and hepatocellular carcinogenesis in patients with chronic viral hepatitis: a prospective observation of 2215 patients
Authors: Kenji Ikeda, Satoshi Saitoh, Yoshiyuki Suzuki, Masahiro Kobayashi, Akihito Tsubota, Isao Koida, Yausji Arase, Mizuho Fukuda, Kazuaki Chayama, Naoya Murashima, Hiromitsu Kumada
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
The diagnostic challenge of acute polyarthritis.
Authors: I A Wamuo, P I Pitt
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

In previous studies we showed that the wild-type histamine H<sub>2</sub> receptor stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells is constitutively active. Because constitutive activity of the H<sub>2</sub> receptor is already found at low expression levels (300 fmol/mg protein) this receptor is a relatively unique member of the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family and a useful tool for studying GPCR activation. In this study the role of the highly conserved DRY motif in activation of the H<sub>2</sub> receptor was investigated. Mutation of the aspartate 115 residue in this motif resulted in H<sub>2</sub> receptors with high constitutive activity, increased agonist affinity, and increased signaling properties. In addition, the mutant receptors were shown to be highly structurally instable. Mutation of the arginine 116 residue in the DRY motif resulted also in a highly structurally instable receptor; expression of the receptor could only be detected after stabilization with either an agonist or inverse agonist. Moreover, the agonist affinity at the Arg-116 mutant receptors was increased, whereas the signal transduction properties of these receptors were decreased. We conclude that the Arg-116 mutant receptors can adopt an active conformation but have a decreased ability to couple to or activate the G<sub>s</sub>-protein. This study examines the pivotal role of the aspartate and arginine residues of the DRY motif in GPCR function. Disruption of receptor stabilizing constraints by mutation in the DRY motif leads to the formation of active GPCR conformations, but concomitantly to GPCR instability.
Abstract 630: Tobacco smoking women are not at higher risk than men for lung cancer
Authors: Sara De Matteis, Dario Consonni, Angela C. Pesatori, Andrew W. Bergen, Pier Alberto Bertazzi, Neil E. Caporaso, Jay H. Lubin, Sholom Wacholder, Maria Teresa Landi
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background. Worldwide lung cancer incidence is decreasing or leveling off among men, but rising among women. Gender differences in the effect of tobacco carcinogens on lung cancer risk have been hypothesized, but the epidemiologic evidence is conflicting. Objective. To test gender-smoking interaction in the association with lung cancer risk within the large Environment And Genetics in Lung cancer Etiology (EAGLE) population-based case-control study, conducted in Italy between 2002-2005. The study collected detailed lifetime smoking histories by personal interview. Methods. Separately for males and females, we estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cumulative exposure to smoking (pack-years) by logistic regression, adjusted for age, residence area, and time since quitting smoking. We evaluated several potential confounders and effect-modifiers, including tobacco type, inhalation depth, percentage of each cigarette smoked, and visualized the tobacco dose-response relationship across genders through floating trends. We tested gender-smoking interaction (female versus male effect) by including their product term in the models. Results. When the model included never smoker cases and controls, ORs for categories of pack-years were higher in men, with a negative female-smoking interaction (P=0.0009). Within ever smokers, ORs estimates were somewhat higher in women, but the test for interaction was not significant (P=0.55). We obtained similar results for pack-years as a continuous (log-transformed) variable. Among smokers, no gender-smoking interaction was found by histology. Conclusion. Our findings do not support a higher female susceptibility to tobacco-related lung cancer. Equally vigorous health policy interventions should continue to fight smoking habits in both genders. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 630. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-630
A National Health Service? The Restructuring of Health Care in Britain since 1979
Authors: A. Weale
Journal: BMJ (1996)

John Mohan Macmillan, pounds sterling12.99, pp 286 ISBN 0 333 57832 5

The idea of a geographer looking at developments in health policy is in principle a good one. Geographers are trained to look at the spatial aspects of policy in a way that other policy analysts are not. Moreover, given the historic importance that the issue of geographical variations has played in the NHS, there is reason for supposing that a geographer might cast special light on the changes introduced by Conservative governments.

However, the present …
Decision Making with Cardiac Troponin Tests
Authors: Elliott M. Antman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

After the loss of integrity of cardiac myocyte membranes, intracellular macromolecules (cardiac biologic markers) diffuse into the cardiac interstitium, lymphatics, and microvasculature; eventually, they are detected in the peripheral circulation. The release kinetics of the various cardiac biologic markers depend in part on their location in the myocyte, their molecular weight, and the route by which they are cleared from the circulation. Cardiac-specific troponins are useful not only because they come close to fulfilling many of the criteria for an ideal biologic marker, but also because they convey prognostic information and can help frame therapeutic decisions regarding patients with acute . . .
DIPHTHERITIC CAST OF BRONCHIAL TREE
Authors: Perry A. Bly
Journal: JAMA (1926)

A woman, aged 34, was admitted to the Rochester Municipal Hospital on the sixth or seventh day of illness with a clinical diagnosis of laryngeal diphtheria. Soon after her arrival, she coughed out a large piece of membrane which proved to be a cast of the trachea, both bronchi, and several bronchioles. Membrane also extended from the anterior nares to the nasopharynx. Antitoxin had not been given. Cultures were positive for Klebs-Loeffler bacilli. Death occurred twenty-four hours later.
A piece of my mind. Thanks for the memories
Authors: T. M. Collins
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Christmas Eve, 1970. Where were you on Christmas Eve, 1970? Can you remember? I remember where I was on Christmas Eve, 1970. I was aboard the naval hospital ship<i>USS Sanctuary AH-17</i>. That large white ship, with three huge, red Geneva crosses on each side, was at anchor in Da Nang Harbor, Vietnam, across from the airfield and out past the deep-water piers. She looked her name: a refuge, peaceful and calm. But behind her towering smokestack was a helo pad, and 30 medical evacuation copters a day would bring the ill and injured—military and civilian—to her proud decks. On this special day, the afternoon of Christmas Eve, 1970, we put the war on hold and prepared for the arrival of Bob Hope. The ship was scrubbed and polished and tarps were placed in front of the smokestack to ward off sun or rain. Chairs were moved from the galleys