tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EXCISION OF A V-SHAPED PIECE OF THE LOWER LIP VERSUS ROENTGEN-RAY OR RADIUM TREATMENT
Authors: Joseph Colt Bloodgood
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —This morning (Nov. 3, 1923) a patient presented himself with a mass the size of an egg in the submental area and apparently somewhat fixed to the lower jaw. In March, seven months ago, a small ulcer on the lower lip was subjected to radium treatment and has healed, leaving a slight, umbilicated scar. The lesion, whatever its nature, had been present three months. It occupied the mucocutaneous border of the middle third of the left lower lip. It had apparently begun as a smokers' burn in a patient with bad teeth. These cases are increasing in number. That is, the lesion on the lip heals, or apparently heals, after the application of roentgen rays or radium, and then, a few months or years later, glands appear in the neck, which, when removed, prove to be metastatic carcinoma. I would appreciate an opportunity to present to the
UK government agrees to fund free drug treatment for foreign nationals with HIV
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Foreign nationals with HIV are to get free drug treatment on the NHS after a change of heart by the government.

Those who qualify will include students and failed asylum seekers who have been in the UK for more than six months. Until now, HIV has been an exception to the general rule that non-UK residents can be treated free for a range of infectious diseases, including sexually transmitted infections, in the interests of preventing the spread of disease. ( BMJ , 2012;344:e924, doi:10.1136/bmj.e924)

A change in the rules has been urged on the government by Conservative peer Lord Fowler, who headed the AIDS awareness campaign in the 1980s. Last year he chaired a committee in …
Small-Intestinal Pathology on Capsule Endoscopy: Spectrum of Vascular Lesions
Authors: M. Pennazio
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Correction to: Small-Intestinal Pathology on Capsule Endoscopy: Spectrum of Vascular LesionsEndoscopy 2005; 37(09): 864-869DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-870212
Abstract 3256: Investigating the intrinsic signaling differences in MET- and ERBB2-driven breast cancers
Authors: Carrie R. Graveel, Jack D. DeGroot, Karl Dykema, Robert E. Sigler, Kyle A. Furge, George F. Vande Woude
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Understanding the signaling pathways that drive aggressive breast cancers is critical to the development of effective therapeutics. Over 20% of breast cancers overexpress ERBB2 and are associated with an aggressive tumor phenotype and poor outcome. Patients with ERBB2-positive tumors are often treated with the humanized monoclonal antibody trastuzumab, yet the majority of patients develop resistance. Recent studies show that the receptor tyrosine kinase MET is expressed in ERBB2 positive tumors and contributes to trastuzumab resistance in ERBB2-expressing cell lines. Other studies have shown that MET correlates with poor clinical outcome independent of ERBB2. We are utilizing mouse models to examine the intrinsic signaling differences between MET and ERBB2-mediated breast cancers. We have developed a novel mouse model of mutationally activated MET (Metmut) that develops a high incidence of diverse mammary tumors with basal characteristics. Using this mouse model and human breast cancer tissue, we have examined the role of MET in aggressive breast cancers. By gene expression and tissue microarray analysis, we observe that high MET expression in human breast cancers significantly correlates with estrogen receptor negative/ERBB2 negative tumors and with basal breast cancers (Graveel et al., 2009). We performed gene expression analysis on mammary tumors from Metmut mice and activated ErbB2 (Neu-Ndl2-5) mice. Unsupervised hierarchical analysis revealed that solid Metmut tumors clustered separately from Metmut tumors with a mixed pathology and that solid Metmut tumors have expression patterns very similar to ERBB2 tumors. The similarity of solid Metmut tumors to ErbB2 tumors suggests that MET signaling may be influential in ERBB2-driven tumors. To investigate this hypothesis further, we performed a parametric gene set enrichment analysis (PGSEA) and observed that the Ras activation signature was significantly associated with the Metmut mixed tumors. Currently, we are also investigating expression patterns of MET and ERBB2 in human breast cancers by coimmunostaining. Collectively, our studies indicate that MET may play a critical role in the development of the most aggressive breast cancers and may be a rational therapeutic target for trastuzumab-resistant ERBB2 breast cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3256.
Probenecid with Oseltamivir for Human Influenza A (H5N1) Virus Infection?
Authors: Joseph C. Howton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Chylothorax and ChyloperitoneumTo the Editor: We are writing in regard to Ly and Fowler's contribution to Images in Clinical Medicine (Aug.11 issue) 1 and suggest that it is more likely that the chylous effusions (massive ascites and right pleural effusion) resulted from injury to the cisterna chyli (located at the level of the second lumbar vertebra between the inferior vena cava and the abdominal aorta) or one of its mesenteric tributaries within the abdominal cavity, rather than from injury to the thoracic duct above the diaphragm.This is a well-recognized complication of repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. 2A better delineation of the problem could have been obtained by noninvasive wholebody lymphangioscintigraphy 3 performed from the feet and carefully timed to pinpoint the egress and accumulation of tracer in the abdominal and pleural cavities. 4It is probable that the right pleural effusion is actually chylous ascitic fluid that has translocated through a diaphragmatic hiatus, much as cirrhotic ascites not uncommonly passes through the diaphragm to present as a right pleural transudate. 5Even at this delayed date, lymphangioscintigraphy might still document substantial tracer accumulation in the abdomen (but not the thorax) in the patient described by Ly and Fowler.
Feigned Epilepsy in Wartime
Authors: R. Ironside
Journal: BMJ (1940)

THEDBRCUNAL 703 ulcer of the leg that wil! not respond to this method: most of them can almost be commanded to heal, but a few require coaxing-malleolar ulcers with pads, larger ulcers with ambulatory skin grafting, and the largest ulcers of all with strapping over elephant plaster to prevent cutting (Fig. 13).Arterial disease of senile or diabetic origin precludes strapping of the whole leg.Ulcers which are obviously not due to gravity and circulatory imbalance should be separated off for treat- ment directed to the special origin of the ulcer (syphilis, mycosis, ischaemia, etc.).Varicose Veins and Military Service It is wise to have a proper perspective on this subject at the present juncture, and to realize that the case with any signs of complications in the form of oedema, pig- mented, eczematous, or ischaemic malleolar patches, ulcer scars, etc., is much more apt to give way under stress than the case wlhich has long cords .ofvaricose veins but no signs of secondary effects.Furthermore, the latter type of case will get a very good result from treatment, whereas the former may have a deeper trouble and not turn out so well.The case with long numerous varicose veins could be regarded as Class II and could be made Class I by treatment, the case with pigmented patches or slight eczema and lesser degrees of oedema Class I1I, and the case with much oedema, recurrent phlebitis or ulcer, extensive pigmentation and scarring, or active ulcer Class IV.
Detection of Bowel Lesions During Abdominal and Pelvic Sonography
Authors: Arthur C. Fleischer
Journal: JAMA (1980)

ABDOMINAL and pelvic sonography are becoming more frequently used as primary screening procedures for the evaluation of nonspecific abdominal complaints. Since barium is highly reflective to ultrasound, sonography is often performed before an upper gastrointestinal tract series or barium enema examination. Bowel lesions may therefore be initially encountered during the sonographic examination. Occasionally, sonography will afford characterization of a bowel lesion even when it cannot be established radiologically.<sup>1</sup>In this article, the authors will discuss the sonographic appearance of bowel tumors and illustrate some clinical situations in which a bowel lesion was initially detected by ultrasound. The patients included in this study were selected from a larger group of 35 patients who underwent surgery and whose sonograms were indicative of a bowel lesion.<sup>2</sup>In every case, the sonogram was obtained as a screening procedure before radiological studies. A variety of bowel lesions that can be identified sonographically are
Long term management after splenectomy: A national problem
Authors: J N Barnes, H A Deodhar, R J Marshall
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - We wish to respond to the correspondence on our paper on the increased risk of sepsis after splenectomy.1 We were saddened by Helena M Daly's letter.2 We did not set out to audit individual clinicians but to identify why asplenic patients are still admitted to hospital and die with overwhelming pneomococcal sepsis. Since we submitted our data a further patient who had not received …
Brain Tumor Clue
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tenascin-C Is a Novel RBPJκ-Induced Target Gene for Notch Signaling in Gliomas
Authors: Balasubramanian Sivasankaran, Martin Degen, Anthony Ghaffari, Monika E. Hegi, Marie-France Hamou, Mihai-Constantin S. Ionescu, Christian Zweifel, Markus Tolnay, Morten Wasner, Susanne Mergenthaler, André R. Miserez, Robert Kiss, Maddalena M. Lino, Adrian Merlo, Ruth Chiquet-Ehrismann, Jean-Louis Boulay
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Tenascin-C (TNC) expression is known to correlate with malignancy in glioblastoma (GBM), a highly invasive and aggressive brain tumor that shows limited response to conventional therapies. In these malignant gliomas as well as in GBM cell lines, we found Notch2 protein to be strongly expressed. In a GBM tumor tissue microarray, RBPJk protein, a Notch2 cofactor for transcription, was found to be significantly coexpressed with TNC. We show that the TNC gene is transactivated by Notch2 in an RBPJk-dependent manner mediated by an RBPJk binding element in the TNC promoter. The transactivation is abrogated by a Notch2 mutation, which we detected in the glioma cell line Hs683 that does not express TNC. This L1711M mutation resides in the RAM domain, the site of interaction between Notch2 and RBPJk. In addition, transfection of constructs encoding activated Notch2 or Notch1 increased endogenous TNC expression identifying TNC as a novel Notch target gene. Overexpression of a dominant negative form of the transcriptional coactivator MAML1 or knocking down RBPJk in LN319 cells led to a dramatic decrease in TNC protein levels accompanied by a significant reduction of cell migration. Because addition of purified TNC stimulated glioma cell migration, this represents a mechanism for the invasive properties of glioma cells controlled by Notch signaling and defines a novel oncogenic pathway in gliomagenesis that may be targeted for therapeutic intervention in GBM patients. [Cancer Res 2009;69(2):458–65]
Requirement of phospholipase C-gamma 2 activation in surface immunoglobulin M-induced B cell apoptosis.
Authors: M Takata, Y Homma, T Kurosaki
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

Surface IgM (sIgM) stimulation induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple cellular substrates, including phospholipase C (PLC)-gamma 2, which is involved in the activation of phosphatidylinositol pathway. DT40 B cells underwent apoptotic cell death when activated through sIgM, a phenomenon that is related to elimination of self-reactive B cells. To examine the roles of PLC-gamma 2 in sIgM signaling, we have generated DT40 cells deficient in PLC-gamma 2 Cross-linking of sIgM on PLC-gamma 2-deficient cells evoked neither inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate nor calcium mobilization. In PLC-gamma 2- or Syk-deficient DT40 cells, the induction of apoptosis was blocked, but was still observed in Lyn-deficient cells. Src homology 2 domains of PLC-gamma 2 were essential for both its activation and sIgM-induced apoptosis. Since tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC-gamma 2 is mediated by Syk, these results indicate that activation of PLC-gamma 2 through Syk is required for sIgM-induced apoptosis.
HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY: VOLUMETRIC ASSESSMENT OF INTRAMURAL FIBROSIS USING CARDIAC CT AND MR
Authors: Christoph Langer, Mark Luedde, Philipp Schaefer, Mirko Hohnhorst, Matthias Lutz, Matthias Eden, Christine Gierloff, Christian Prinz, Lothar Faber, Norbert Frey
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Evidence of direct estrogenic regulation of human corticotropin-releasing hormone gene expression. Potential implications for the sexual dimophism of the stress response and immune/inflammatory reaction.
Authors: N C Vamvakopoulos, G P Chrousos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) plays major roles in coordination of the stress response and regulation of the immune/inflammatory reaction, two important functions associated with sexual dimorphism. Two overlapping segments of the 5' flanking region of the human (h) CRH gene, the proximal 0.9 kb (containing two perfect half-palindromic estrogen-responsive elements [EREs]) and the 2.4 kb (including the former and containing two additional perfect half-palindromic EREs), were examined for their ability to confer estrogen-mediated transcriptional enhancement to a homologous or heterologous promoter. The level of estrogen-induced transactivation by the 0.9- and 2.4-kb segments was determined by chloramphenicol acetyltransferase analysis in CV-1 cells cotransfected with estrogen receptor (ER) cDNA expression plasmids, and found to be respectively approximately 10% and 20% of that of the strongly estrogen-responsive Xenopus vitellogenin A2 enhancer. Gel retardation and immunoprecipitation demonstrated specific association between the perfect half-palindromic EREs of hCRH gene and the DNA binding domain of hER in vitro. These findings may constitute the basis of sexual dimorphism in the expression of the CRH gene in the central nervous system and periphery, and might shed light in existing gender differences in stress response and immune regulation.
Estradiol-17β-D-glucuronide (E-17G) cholestasis in perfused rat liver: Fate of E-17G and choleretic responses to bile salts
Authors: Riccardo Utili, Marie F. Tripodi, Luigi E. Adinolfi, Giovanni B. Gaeta, Charles O. Abernathy, Hyman J. Zimmerman
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that increasing the infusion rate of bile salts could overcome drug-induced cholestasis. Cholestasis was induced by administration of 17.5 μmol/L estradiol-17β-D-glucuronide during the infusion of taurocholate, tauroursodeoxycholate or dehydrocholate at 20 nmol/min/gm liver. After 30 min, a bolus of 10 μmol of the bile salts was added to the perfusate, and the infusion rate of each bile salt was increased. Taurocholate at a rate of 62 or 125 nmol/min/gm liver, caused a prompt dose-dependent increase of the depressed bile flow and bile salt excretion. A higher rate of taurocholate infusion (180 nmol/min/gm liver) was less effective than either the 62 or 125 rate in increasing bile flow. Infusion of tauroursodeoxycholate at 250 or 390 nmol/min/gm liver also led to a dose-dependent recovery. Further increase of tauroursodeoxycholate infusion rate to 580 nmol/min/gm liver did not provide any additional recovery in bile flow. Dehydrocholate, at rates of 62 or 125 nmol/min/gm liver, gave only a slight enhancement of bile flow. Both taurocholate and tauroursodeoxycholate caused a marked removal of the estradio-17β-D-glucuronide, which had accumulated in the liver. At lower taurocholate infusion rates, the estradiol-17β-D-glucuronide was excreted mainly in the bile. At the highest rate, however, biliary excretion of estradiol-17β-D-glucuronide declined significantly, and a marked back-efflux of the estrogen into the perfusate was noted. In contrast, tauroursodeoxycholate led to enhanced biliary estradiol-17β-D-glucuronide excretion at all increased tauroursodeoxycholate infusion rates and to only a small increase in back-efflux of estradiol-17β-D-glucuronide at the two highest tauroursodeoxycholate infusion rates. Dehydrocholate, at higher infusion rates, did not enhance estradiol-17β-D-glucuronide biliary transport or regurgitation. The effects of taurocholate, tauroursodeoxycholate and dehydrocholate on bile flow, bile salt secretion and estrogen excretion during estradiol-17β-D-glucuronide cholestasis paralleled their relative hydrophobicity and detergent effect. Taurocholate infusion also decreased the adverse effect of estradiol-17β-D-glucuronide on sucrose clearance. Among the bile salts used, taurocholate was the most effective in increasing bile flow during estradiol-17β-D-glucuronide cholestasis but showed some toxicity. Although less effective, tauroursodeoxycholate did not exert adverse effects. Accordingly, tauroursodeoxycholate has a higher therapeutic index that might be relevant in efforts to treat estrogen-induced cholestasis by administration of bile salts.(HEPATOLOGY 1990; 11:735-742.)
Use of sinus x ray films by general practitioners
Authors: D J Hougton, F A Aitchison, L Wilkinson, J A Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

An increasing number of people are suffering from dementia or cognitive decline yet effective treatment is still lacking * Intervention on vascular causes of dementia may be feasible * This study suggests that cognitive decline is not synonymous with age but is associated with age related diseases * Atherosclerosis results in a considerable increase in the proportion ofcognitively impaired subjects in the population * The most rational approach to prevent cognitive decline resulting from vascular causes is by mass intervention the prevention of atherosclerosis would result in the otherwise affected subjects assuming the distribution of the now unaffected people.If so this could mean a major health benefit.Although the average gain per person would be small, the population gain might be substantial.4It seems timely to conduct a study to investigate whether intervention on risk factors for atherosclerosis can prevent cognitive decline on a population level.
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase is a key mediator of hepatocyte proliferation in response to partial hepatectomy in mice
Authors: Yu Mei, Sundararajah Thevananther
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is a critical modulator of vascular tone and blood flow and plays major roles in liver physiology and pathophysiology. Nitric oxide (NO) is widely recognized as one of the key humoral factors important for the initiation of liver regeneration in response to partial hepatectomy. Liver regeneration in response to partial hepatectomy is dependent on the efficiency of growth factor-mediated cell-cycle progression. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a critical mediator of multiple hepatic mitogens, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor alpha, amphiregulin, and heparin-binding EGF in regenerating livers. However, the functional significance of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expressed in hepatocytes, and its potential role in EGFR-mediated hepatocyte proliferation, remains unexplored. We sought to determine whether eNOS is essential for hepatocyte proliferation in response to partial hepatectomy (PH). Our studies with eNOS knockout (eNOS(-/-) ) mice suggest that eNOS activation is essential for the efficient induction of early events and elicitation of a robust hepatocyte proliferative response to PH. Moreover, eNOS expression is essential for the efficient early induction of matrix metalloprotease-9, a known mediator of extracellular matrix remodeling and growth factor activation in regenerating livers. Our in vitro studies suggest that eNOS is a critical mediator of EGF-induced hepatocyte proliferation, potentially via its influence on the induction of early growth response-1 (Egr-1) and phosphorylation of c-Jun--known mediators of cell-cycle progression. EGF-induced eNOS phosphorylation at Ser 1177 is dependent on the phosphorylation and activation of EGFR/PI3 kinase/AKT signaling in hepatocytes.Collectively, these results highlight a hitherto unrecognized role for eNOS activation in hepatocyte proliferation with implications for targeted therapies to enhance liver regenerative response in chronic disorders.