tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Human embryonic stem cells can differentiate into myocytes with structural and functional properties of cardiomyocytes
Authors: Izhak Kehat, Dorit Kenyagin-Karsenti, Mirit Snir, Hana Segev, Michal Amit, Amira Gepstein, Erella Livne, Ofer Binah, Joseph Itskovitz-Eldor, Lior Gepstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

The study of human cardiac tissue development is hampered by the lack of a suitable in vitro model. We describe the phenotypic properties of cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem (ES) cells. Human ES cells were cultivated in suspension and plated to form aggregates termed embryoid bodies (EBs). Spontaneously contracting areas appeared in 8.1% of the EBs. Cells from the spontaneously contracting areas within EBs were stained positively with anti–cardiac myosin heavy chain, anti–α-actinin, anti-desmin, anti–cardiac troponin I (anti-cTnI), and anti-ANP antibodies. Electron microscopy revealed varying degrees of myofibrillar organization, consistent with early-stage cardiomyocytes. RT-PCR studies demonstrated the expression of several cardiac-specific genes and transcription factors. Extracellular electrograms were characterized by a sharp component lasting 30 ± 25 milliseconds, followed by a slow component of 347 ± 120 milliseconds. Intracellular Ca2+ transients displayed a sharp rise lasting 130 ± 27 milliseconds and a relaxation component lasting 200–300 milliseconds. Positive and negative chronotropic effects were induced by application of isoproterenol and carbamylcholine, respectively. In conclusion, the human ES cell–derived cardiomyocytes displayed structural and functional properties of early-stage cardiomyocytes. Establishment of this unique differentiation system may have significant impact on the study of early human cardiac differentiation, functional genomics, pharmacological testing, cell therapy, and tissue engineering.
Antibody to Hepatitis C Virus and Liver Disease in Volunteer Blood Donors
Authors: Alfredo Alberti, Liliana Chemello, Daniela Cavalletto, Alessandro Tagger, Alessandro Dal Canton, Nicola Bizzaro, Giuseppe Tagariello, Arturo Ruol
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

To evaluate the specificity of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) and their relation to liver disease in blood donors.Case series of consecutive blood donors found positive for anti-HCV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Patients were evaluated for antibody specificity using a recombinant immunoblotting assay (RIBA) and were evaluated for biochemical evidence of liver disease. Patients showing increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels had a liver biopsy.University hospital.Fifty consecutive blood donors found to be anti-HCV positive on both an initial and repeat ELISA. Inclusion criteria were as follows: an absence of hepatitis B surface antigens and non-organ-specific autoantibodies; a daily alcohol intake of less than 50 g; no history of recent hepatotoxic drug use; and normal serum levels of alpha 1 antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin, and copper.Anti-HCV positivity was confirmed by RIBA in only 13 of 50 donors (26%) who had positive ELISA results. These 13 donors had an elevated ALT level and histologic evidence of chronic hepatitis, which was active in 8 patients (62%) and had already produced cirrhosis in 2 patients (15%). In contrast, the 17 donors with an intermediate RIBA pattern had only mild and often nonspecific histologic liver abnormalities. The 20 patients with a negative RIBA result had normal ALT levels.In blood donors, the anti-HCV RIBA is not only more specific than the anti-HCV ELISA, but is also useful in identifying patients who have an underlying chronic liver disease.
Perception, personality, and respiratory control in life-threatening asthma.
Authors: G J Gibson
Journal: Thorax (1995)

Background.Many deaths from attacks of asthma may be preventable.However, the difficulty in preventing fatal attacks is that not all the pathophysiologic risk factors have been identified.Methods.To examine whether dyspnea and chemosensitivity to hypoxia and hypercapnia are factors in fatal asthma attacks, we studied 11 patients with asthma who had had near-fatal attacks, 11 patients with asthma who had not had near-fatal attacks and 16 normal subjects.Their respiratory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia, determined by the standard rebreathing technique while the patients were in remission, were assessed in terms of the slopes of ventilation and airway occlusion pressure as a function of the percentage of arterial oxygen saturation and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension, respectively.The perception of dyspnea was scored on the Borg scale during breathing through inspiratory resistances ranging from 0 to 30.9 cm of water per liter per second.Results.The mean (± SD) hypoxic ventilatory response (0. 14 + 0.12 liter per minute per percent of arterial oxygen saturation) and airway occlusion pressure (0.05 + 0.05 cm of water per percent of arterial oxygen saturation) were significantly lower in the patients with near-fatal asthma than in the normal subjects (0.60+0.35,P<0.01, and 0.16+0.08,P<0.01, respectively) and the patients with asthma who had not had near-fatal attacks (0.46+0.29,P= 0.003, and 0.15+0.09,P=0.004).The Borg score was also significantly lower in the patients with near- fatal asthma than in the normal subjects, and their lower hypoxic response was coupled with a blunted perception of dyspnea.Conclusions.Reduced chemosensitivity to hypoxia and blunted perception of dyspnea may predispose patients to fatal asthma attacks.
Paying for bmj.com: Move is understandable but sad end to a decade
Authors: S. Stevens
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—The BMJ is worth its weight in gold. It is sad to see the end of freely exchanged knowledge via the internet and to see that some will have privileged access over others.1 I hope that this is not a return to the days when medical journals were closed to all but the few. Even in the 21st century some editors would prefer to keep their journals closed to those outside their discipline. One way of achieving this is to make it subscription only on proof of membership, which excludes the sort of debate opened up by the BMJ.

Worryingly, the editors at the BMJ seem unaware that poverty in the United Kingdom, as well as specified “lower and middle income countries,”1 means that many people cannot access the paper BMJ. It is only kept in large city libraries. Such people certainly do not have access to computers and only some libraries give free access to the internet as yet. Lay readers need the information provided by the BMJ. They are not waiting at the portals in any prurient way but use the journal for research and information that is not accessible through other means. There are thousands who have no access to further education or specialist journals.

So the ideal of free access to knowledge and information on an equal basis through the internet falls by the wayside. Although understandable, this move is a sad way to end a decade.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE YIELD OF SPECIFIC ENZYME IN CULTURES OF THE BACILLUS DECOMPOSING THE CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE OF TYPE III PNEUMOCOCCUS
Authors: René Dubos
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

All improved method is described for the preparation, concentration, and purification of a bacterial enzyme capable of decomposing the capsular polysaccharide of Type III Pneumococcus. The cultural conditions for the growth of the specific microorganism must be such that the capsular polysaccharide is completely decomposed before any appreciable amount of free enzyme is released into the medium. This reduces to a minimum the decomposition of the specific substrate by the free enzyme. As a result, a larger part of the specific substance remains as a source of energy for the growing microorganism and less enzyme is lost through inactivation during the course of decomposition of the specific substrate. A marked stimulation of growth and of enzyme production occurs when small amounts of yeast extract are added to the medium and when the cultures are incubated under conditions of increased aeration. Special emphasis is placed upon the fact that, thus far, appreciable amounts of the specific enzyme have been obtained only when the capsular polysaccharide itself, or the aldobionic acid derived from it, was present in the culture medium.
Association of Diabetes Mellitus with Cerebral Tumour
Authors: A. Paton, C. P. Petch
Journal: BMJ (1954)

CarslialtonAshby and Tweedy (1953) stated that "no neurogenic lesion causing permanent diabetes has been described," and they added that numerous cerebral lesions are known to cause transient hyperglycaemia, but not permanent diabetes.In view of this we are prompted to record the following case. Case ReportA 51-year-old lorry driver was sent to the out-patients department on April 6, 1951, with symptoms of polydipsia
A quantitative echocardiographic study of champion childhood swimmers.
Authors: H D Allen, S J Goldberg, D J Sahn, N Schy, R Wojcik
Journal: Circulation (1977)

An echocardiographic evaluation of 77 members of a championship childhood swim team showed dimensional variations from normal in most athletes. Cardiac walls were thicker than the 95th percentile of normal: right ventricular anterior wall exceeded the 95th percentile in 100%, interventricular septum in 83% and left ventricular posterior wall in 91%. The left ventricular and left atrial cavities in diastole had mean values at the 50th percentile of normal but showed considerable scatter. The left ventricular cavity in systole had a mean value less than the 5th percentile of normal and also showed wide scatter. The aortic root and the aortic intercusp dimension exceeded the 95th percentile of normal in most subjects, 74% and 77%, respectively. No correlation existed between the coach's estimate of championship ability and echocardiographic wall or chamber sizes. Children who participate extensively in athletic training programs such as swimming may have echocardiograms which are quantitatively different from those of nonathletic younsters.
Prostanoids in cortical subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid and pial arterial diameter in newborn pigs.
Authors: C W Leffler, D W Busija
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

These studies were designed to investigate the relationship between cerebral prostanoid synthesis and pial arterial caliber in chloralose-anesthetized newborn pigs with normal blood gases and pH and during combined arterial hypoxia and hypercapnia. Piglets less than 5 days old were equipped with closed cranial windows to allow direct observation of pial vessels, application of prostaglandin E2, and sampling of cortical subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid. We found that prostanoids accumulate in cerebrospinal fluid on the cortical surface. The only prostanoid detected in arterial blood was 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha [442 +/- 74 pg/ml (radioimmunoassay)]. Only small quantities of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (214 +/- 53 pg/ml) and thromboxane B2 (122 +/- 18 pg/ml) were found in cerebrospinal fluid from the cisterna magna. Higher concentrations of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (1056 +/- 159 pg/ml), thromboxane B2 (229 +/- 64 pg/ml), and prostaglandin E2 (4235 +/- 269 pg/ml) were found in cortical subarachnoid fluid. In contrast to arterial and cisternal concentrations, the concentrations of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, thromboxane B2, and prostaglandin E2 in cortical subarachnoid fluid were increased reversibly by ventilation with 9% carbon dioxide, 10% oxygen, (6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, 5436 +/- 1576 pg/ml; thromboxane B2, 694 +/- 122 pg/ml; and, prostaglandin E2, 12,455 +/- 3688 pg/ml). Further, pial arteries dilated in response to topical application of prostaglandin E2 at the concentration that was found in cortical subarachnoid fluid during combined hypoxia and hypercapnia. Systemic administration of indomethacin trihydrate (5 mg/kg) markedly reduced cortical subarachnoid fluid prostanoid concentrations and attenuated the pial artery vasodilation induced by combined hypoxia and hypercapnia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
PHOTOCHEMICAL DECONTAMINATION OF BLOOD COMPONENTS CONTAINING HEPATITIS B AND NON-A, NON-B VIRUS
Authors: HarveyJ. Alter, PhyllisA. Morel, BurtonP. Dorman, G. Con Smith, RichardP. Creagan, GaryP. Wiesehahn, Laurence Corash, Hans Popper, JorgW. Eichberg
Journal: The Lancet (1988)
Intestinal immunisation with Escherichia coli protects rats against Escherichia coli induced cholangitis.
Authors: B D Aagaard, M F Heyworth, A L Oesterle, A L Jones, L W Way
Journal: Gut (1996)

Cholangitis, an infection of the biliary tract, is most commonly caused by Gram negative bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli. Factors governing the severity of cholangitis, including the role of biliary IgA, are poorly understood.The aim of this work was to find out if biliary IgA directed against E coli protects rats against hepatobiliary infection with E coli.Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 270-350 grams were used in all of the experiments.At laparotomy, rats were immunised by injecting killed E coli or normal saline (controls) into Peyer's patches. With or without subsequent antigenic boosting (by oral administration of killed E coli), bile was collected at a second laparotomy, and rats were infected by introducing viable E coli into the bile duct. Production of IgA anti-E coli antibody was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay of bile, and the presence of hepatobiliary infection was determined by quantitative culture of liver homogenates.Systemic infection was present in six of 12 control rats and in one of 24 immunised rats (p = 0.005) after death. There was an inverse correlation between immunisation and E coli colony counts in cultured liver homogenates (p = 0.024).The findings suggest that biliary IgA directed against E coli protected rats against hepatobiliary E coli infection and systemic sepsis.
Improved cardiac performance with human calcitonin gene related peptide in patients with congestive heart failure
Authors: C Gennari, R Nami, D Agnusdei, J A Fischer
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

Journal Article Improved cardiac performance with human calcitonin gene related peptide in patients with congestive heart failure Get access C Gennari, C Gennari Correspondence to: Professor Fischer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R Nami, R Nami Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D Agnusdei, D Agnusdei Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J A Fischer J A Fischer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 24, Issue 3, March 1990, Pages 239–241, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/24.3.239 Published: 01 March 1990 Article history Received: 10 May 1989 Accepted: 31 October 1989 Published: 01 March 1990
Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonitis Mimicking <i>Pneumocystis carinii</i> Pneumonia
Authors: FRED SATTLER, LARRY NICHOLS, LANCE HIRANO, ALAN HITI, FLORENCE HOFMAN, CLAIRE HUGHLETT, LICHENG ZENG, C. THOMAS BOYLEN, MICHAEL KOSS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and transbronchial biopsies from 351 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients with presumed Pneumocystis pneumonia were analyzed to determine the spectrum and frequency of intersitital lung disease mimicking Pneumocystis pneumonia. Among 67 patients without Pneumocystis, nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis (NSIP) was the most common histologic diagnosis (n = 16). Tissue sections from patients with NSIP were tested by in situ hybridization for Epstein–Barr virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and HIV; sections were also tested with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HIV env and gag protein DNA. In patients with NSIP, Epstein–Barr virus and CMV could not be detected by in situ hybridization; HIV nucleic acid was amplifiable with PCR in 10 of 15 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Symptoms, physical findings, and blood gas values were similar in patients with NSIP and matched controls with Pneumocystis. Patients with NSIP presented earlier in the course of HIV, with higher weight, serum albumin levels, and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts (492 ± 828 cells/mm3 versus 57 ± 60 cells/mm3), and more normal lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (280 ± 113 IU/L versus 432 ± 141 IU/L; means ± SD). Seven to 10 d later, improvement in blood gas values was of similar magnitude for the two groups. Only one other unequivocal, treatable infection was diagnosed only with transbronchial biopsy. These results indicate that NSIP may be the most common diagnosis mimicking Pneumocystis pneumonia in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and that NSIP may improve during empiric therapy.
Treating Dementia: Do We Have a Pill for It?
Authors: Walter A. Brown
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Obituary Listing
Authors: Liana Puscas, Laura L. Meyers
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
[531] NON INVASIVE MODELS OF LIVER FIBROSIS AND CIRRHOSIS: VALIDATION, COMPARISON, NEW CUT OFF POINTS AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: O.F. Couto, T.C. Espindola, M.N. Maia, V.H. Rios, L.P. Fonseca, T.C. Ferrari, R. Teixeira
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Effect of Pregnancy on Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Barbara E K Klein, Scot E Moss, Ronald Klein
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

A prospective study was undertaken to determine the effect of pregnancy on diabetic retinopathy. Insulin-taking diabetic women were enrolled; one group was comprised of pregnant women, the other group was comprised of women who were not pregnant. Women were evaluated on referral and again in the postpartum period. The severity of diabetic retinopathy was based on grading of fundus photographs of seven standard photographic fields. The glycosylated hemoglobin, duration of diabetes, current age, diastolic blood pressure, number of past pregnancies, and current pregnancy status were evaluated as risk factors for progression of diabetic retinopathy. After adjusting for glycosylated hemoglobin, current pregnancy was significantly associated with progression (P &amp;lt; 0.005, adjusted odds ratio 2.3). Diastolic blood pressure had a lesser effect on the probability of progression. The findings from this study indicate that pregnancy and level of glycemia are associated with progression of diabetic retinopathy.
Isolation of cytomegalovirus and clinical manifestations of infection at different ages.
Authors: H. Stern
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Asthma-Maunsell et al. ^OUrn 665observed, and was often best supplied when the decision to increase the dose was left to the patient: this must, however, depend on an assessment of each individual's personality.Antibiotics given early during infections of the upper respira- tory tract also appeared to reduce the risk of serious relapse.We reiterate the view that long-term steroid therapy is a valuable form of treatment, but it must be used circumspectly, with adequate supervision and full collaboration between the hospital consultant and the family physician.Though steroids often enable patients to lead a more active and useful life, attacks of severe asthma may still occur, and need urgent and thorough treatment. SummaryOne hundred and seventy patients treated with long-term steroids have been followed for up to 13 years.There was no evidence that steroid therapy lost its effect with the progress of time.Side-effects were not significantly related to length of treatment but to the average dose of steroid used.Treatment with steroids, though reducing the number of attacks of status asthmaticus, in no way alters the need for urgent treatment If these develop.Severe attacks of asthma are particularly apt to follow " weaning " from long-term treatment, and in such cases steroid therapy should at once be resumed.We are grateful to Mr. M. P. Curwen for advice concerning the preparation of Tables.We should also like to thank Miss 0. Gadsby (King's College Hospital) and Mr. G. T. Edwards (Brompton Hospital) for helping in the follow-up of patients included in this paper.We are also grateful to Dr. J. E. Blewett, who carried out routine radiological examinations for evidence of osteo- porosis on a number of cases.
Clinical Pharmacology in the Adolescent Oncology Patient
Authors: Gareth J. Veal, Christine M. Hartford, Clinton F. Stewart
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Numerous studies have documented that adolescents and young adults (AYAs) experience a significant cancer burden as well as significant cancer mortality compared with other age groups. The reasons for the disparate outcomes of AYAs and other age groups are not completely understood and are likely to be multifactorial, including a range of sociodemographic issues unique to these individuals as well as differences between adolescents, younger pediatric patients, and adults in the pharmacology of anticancer agents. Because adolescence is a period of transition from childhood to early adulthood, numerous physical, physiologic, cognitive, and behavioral changes occur during this time. In this review, we provide an overview of the unique developmental physiology of the adolescent and explain how these factors and the behavioral characteristics of adolescents may affect the pharmacology of anticancer agents in this patient population. Finally, we describe examples of studies that have assessed the relation between drug disposition and age, focusing on the AYA age group.