tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
URETERAL STONE OF UNUSUAL SIZE
Authors: C. E. Tennant
Journal: JAMA (1924)

N. K. H., a man, aged 78, married, father of two children, who had never been seriously sick and who had been employed as a watchman for ten years, was helpless when I saw him, Oct. 18, 1923, and bedridden with excruciating pain, which was referred to the right iliosacral area. He had been in this condition night and day for three weeks. Three years before, he had been struck in the small of the back by an automobile, since which time he had been having recurrent attacks of lame back. The last attack of lame back, which completely disabled him, followed the lifting of a bucket of ashes weighing about 40 pounds. There was no history of genito-urinary disturbance, save the fact that he had passed two stones, by the urethra, during the last twelve years, but had never been under medical attention for trouble referred to the bladder,
Incidence and impact of skin mottling over the knee and its duration on outcome in critically ill patients
Authors: Rémi Coudroy, Angéline Jamet, Jean-Pierre Frat, Anne Veinstein, Delphine Chatellier, Véronique Goudet, Severin Cabasson, Arnaud W. Thille, René Robert
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)
Reiter syndrome triggered by adalimumab (Humira<sup>�</sup>) and leflunomide (Arava<sup>�</sup>) in a patient with ankylosing spondylarthropathy and Crohn disease
Authors: A.M. Thielen, C. Barde, V. Janer, L. Borradori, J.H. Saurat
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, The new class of biological agents targeting tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α has been increasingly associated with the triggering and/or the aggravation of psoriasiform or pustular eruptions.1–4 We have recently evaluated a 26‐year‐old HLAB27‐positive patient who has been treated with adalimumab (Humira®; Abbott AG, Baar, Switzerland) and leflunomide (Arava®; Sanofi‐Aventis AG, Meyrin, Switzerland) to control Crohn disease and ankylosing spondylarthropathy with gastrointestinal and articular manifestations refractory to conventional therapies including methotrexate, infliximab and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. Four days after the third adalimumab injection (40 mg) the patient developed a diffuse rash consisting of erythematous, papular and squamous lesions involving the groin, axillar folds, periumbilical region (Fig. 1) and the trunk. He also had genital lesions with sharply delimited erosions of the glans that were consistent with a circinate balanitis (Fig. 2) and two erythematosquamous papules of the feet consistent with plantar keratoderma (Fig. 3). No oral involvement was observed. Light microscopy studies of a biopsy specimen obtained from the trunk disclosed parakeratosis, acanthosis, elongation of the epidermal ridges and a diffuse inflammatory infiltrate of the superficial dermis that was consistent with a psoriasiform pattern (Fig. 4). Of note, the patient had no new systemic complaints, including digestive, urinary or ocular symptoms. An aerobe urine culture detected an infectious urethritis caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum (104 mL−1). The skin lesions regressed completely after doxycycline treatment (200 mg daily for 14 days) and class 2 topical steroid therapy (hydrocortisone butyrate 0.1% once daily).
Endoscopic Foreign Body Retrieval through a Gastrostomy Feeding Orifice
Authors: R.K.H. Wong, J.G. Edelson, L.C. Sperling, M.T. Keegan, L.F. Johnson
Journal: Endoscopy (1982)

This report concerns the removal of a dental bridge through a feeding gastrotomy orifice under direct endoscopic visualization. A 90-year-old bedridden female with a feeding gastrostomy tube, dislodged and swallowed her dental bridge during a coughing episode. At upper endoscopy the dental bridge was snared in the stomach but removed with a pair of Kelly clamps through the feeding gastrostomy orifice. The removal technique ad a discussion of our management alternatives are presented.
Hepatic targeting and biodistribution of human fetal liver stem/progenitor cells and adult hepatocytes in mice
Authors: Kang Cheng, Daniel Benten, Kuldeep Bhargava, Mari Inada, Brigid Joseph, Christopher Palestro, Sanjeev Gupta
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Tracking stem/progenitor cells through noninvasive imaging is a helpful means of assessing the targeting of transplanted cells to specific organs. We performed in vitro and in vivo studies wherein adult human hepatocytes and human fetal liver stem/progenitor cells were labeled with indium-111 ((111)In)-oxine and technetium-99m ((99m)Tc)-Ultratag or (99m)Tc-Ceretec. The labeling efficiency and viability of cells was analyzed in vitro, and organ biodistribution of cells was analyzed in vivo after transplantation in xenotolerant nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice through intrasplenic or intraportal routes. We found that adult hepatocytes and fetal liver stem/progenitor cells incorporated (111)In but not (99m)Tc labels. After radiolabeling, cell viability was unchanged. Transplanted adult hepatocytes or fetal liver stem/progenitor cells were targeted to the liver more effectively by the intraportal rather than the intrasplenic route. Transplanted cells were retained in the liver after intraportal injection and in the liver and spleen after intrasplenic injection, without translocations into pulmonary or systemic circulations. Compared with fetal liver stem/progenitor cells, fewer adult hepatocytes were retained in the spleen after intrasplenic transplantation. The distribution of transplanted cells in organs was substantiated by genetic assays, including polymerase chain reaction amplification of DNA sequences from a primate-specific Charcot-Marie-Tooth element, and in situ hybridization for primate alphoid satellite sequences ubiquitous in all centromeres.(111)In labeling of human fetal liver stem/progenitor cells and adult hepatocytes was effective for noninvasive localization of transplanted cells. This should facilitate continued development of cell therapies through further animal and clinical studies.
207 SAFETY OF RIFAXIMIN IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATIC ENCEPHALOPATHY: RESULTS OF A RANDOMIZED, PHASE 3, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL
Authors: K. Mullen, S. Sigal, M. Sheikh, N. Bass, F. Poordad, K. Merchant, S. Huang, A. Shaw, E. Bortey, W. Forbes
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
The Step 2 Clinical-Skills Examination
Authors: Maxine A Papadakis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Editor's note: This is the first in a series of occasional articles on the education of physicians. From their introduction in the late 1800s, medical licensing examinations in the United States included tests of clinical skills. The most recent modification of the bedside examination came in 1961, when instead of having decentralized examiners observe candidates, an examiner from the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) heard candidates as they took a history and watched them perform a physical examination. Three years later, however, the board analyzed the results of that examination and determined that it failed to produce the degree . . .
Ultrasound velocity in human fingernail and effects of hydration: validation of in vivo nail thickness measurement techniques
Authors: A.Y. FINLAY, B. WESTERN, C. EDWARDS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Distal nail thickness was measured using an electronic micrometer and both distal and proximal nail ultrasound times were recorded in 20 volunteers (10 male, 10 female), aged 20-39. The fingernail ultrasound velocity was 2.26 X 10(3) m/s (subject range 2.03-2.69) (analysis of variance technique). The proximal ultrasound transit time was greater than distal ultrasound transit time. In three volunteers, five micrometer and one distal midline ultrasound measurement of five nails were repeated on 10 occasions over 2 weeks. For the micrometer readings the average coefficient of variation was 5.3% (SD +/- 2.4%), and for the ultrasound reading the average coefficient of variation was 4.0% (SD +/- 1.3%). To assess the influence of hydration, in five volunteers the distal nail micrometer thickness and the distal nail ultrasound transit time were measured on five nails before and after 30 min of immersion in water initially at 37 degrees C. The mean distal ultrasound transmission time increased from 0.20 +/- 0.04 microseconds to 0.22 +/- 0.04 microseconds (P less than 0.001) after water immersion. The micrometer measurements and ultrasound velocity did not change significantly (mean ultrasound velocity = 2.01 X 10(3) m/s before, 2.04 X 10(3) m/s after immersion).
REMOVAL OF GLASS BEADS AND OTHER HOLLOW OBJECTS FROM THE LUNGS
Authors: Horace T. Aynesworth
Journal: JAMA (1924)

It is believed that a method of real merit has been developed for the removal of glass beads and similar hollow objects. So far as I know, this method has not been previously described. Recent articles by Chevalier Jackson, Ellen J. Patterson and others do not mention it.  REPORT OF CASE  J. M., a colored girl, aged 6, while playing, Feb. 6, 1924, suddenly inspired into the trachea a glass bead 13 by 8 mm. This was followed by typical symptoms of dyspnea. I saw her in the afternoon of the same day and advised immediate operation. For some reason my advice was not taken, and the next I heard from her was that she was in the hospital under the care of a confrere, who, it appears, had made an unsuccessful effort at removal. Roentgen-ray examination revealed the intruder's presence in the right bronchus at the level of the
Coal Workers' Pneumoconiosis
Authors: Richard L. Naeye
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Coal workers' pneumoconiosis is not a single disease process but a composite of multiple disorders, each of which may vary in incidence and severity from one patient to another. In a study of 77 miners of bituminous coal, roentgenographic categories for pneumoconiosis were found to correlate well with quantitative, postmortem anatomic measurements of (1) the volume of pulmonary dust macules and nodules, and (2) the silica (silicon dioxide) and collagen content of dust macules and nodules. Unfortunately, there was poor roentgenographic recognition of emphysema and chronic cor pulmonale, the two disorders which appear to be most closely correlated with dyspnea. A number of miners with no roentgenographic evidence of pneumoconiosis had emphysema, cor pulmonale, and dyspnea in addition to dust macules with silica and collagen.
1032 HCV-LYMPHOCYTES DIFFERENTIATE HEPATIC-STELLATE-CELLS TO 4 SUB-POPULATIONS AND MAY PROVIDE A NOVEL FLOW-CYTOMETRIC TOOL FOR FIBROSIS-SCORING
Authors: J. Amer, L. Abu-Tair, S. Doron, M. Mahamid, R. Safadi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Immunoheterogeneity of Parathyroid Hormone in Venous Effluent Serum from Hyperfunctioning Parathyroid Glands
Authors: James A. Flueck, Francis P. Di Bella, Anthony J. Edis, Jean M. Kehrwald, Claude D. Arnaud
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

The immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) in the plasma of hyperparathyroid man consists largely of carboxyl (COOH)-terminal fragments of the hormone. Although these fragments have been thought to arise principally or solely from peripheral metabolism of intact human PTH {hPTH(1-84)} secreted from the parathyroid gland, there is disagreement about the source of iPTH fragments in vivo.
P2-259: A feasibility study of adjuvant carboplatin (C) plus gemcitabine (G) in completely resected stage IB–III non–small–cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Atsushi Horiike, Fumiyoshi Ohyanagi, Yoshio Okano, Yukitoshi Satoh, Sakae Okumura, Yuichi Ishikawa, Ken Nakagawa, Takeshi Horai, Makoto Nishio
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Understanding surgical interventions in RCTs: the need for better methodology
Authors: KN Avery, CP Barham, R Berrisford, JM Blazeby, NS Blencowe, J Donovan, J Elliott, SJ Falk, R Goldin, G Hanna, AD Hollowood, C Metcalfe, S Noble, G Sanders, CG Streets, DR Titcomb, T Wheatley
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
Hepatitis B and hepatitis delta virus infection in South America.
Authors: J R Torres
Journal: Gut (1996)

About 100,000 cases of acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection occur annually in South America. The overall prevalence of HBV infection in low risk populations ranges from 6.7% to 41%, while hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) rates range from 0.4% to 13%. In high endemicity aboriginal or rural populations, perinatal transmission may play a major part in the spread of HBV. In urban populations, however, horizontal transmission, probably by sexual contact, is the predominant mode of spread, with higher rates of HBV positivity in lower socioeconomic groups. High risk populations such as health care workers and haemodialysis patients show higher rates of HBV infection than comparable populations elsewhere. The risk of posttransfusion hepatitis B remains high in some areas. Concomitant HBV infection may accelerate the chronic liver disease seen in decompensated hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. In the north, the prevalence of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection ranks among the highest in the world. In the south, the problem appears negligible although it is increasing within high risk urban communities. HDV superinfection has been the cause of large outbreaks of fulminant hepatitis. The cost of comprehensive or mass vaccination programmes remains unaffordable for most South American countries. Less expensive alternatives such as low dose intradermal schedules of immunisation have been used with success in selected adult subjects.
Writing about dying.
Authors: G Dunea
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Imagine yourself 50, famous, at the height of your career, about to go on a holiday to Puerto Rico, when you are suddenly seized with excruciating pain each time you try to empty your bladder. You decide to go on the trip anyway, but the pain persists and after a few days you have to return home to see your family doctor. He diagnoses prostatitis and prescribes a succession of urinary antiseptics, but your symptoms continue. At last the doctor palpates a small hard nodule in the prostate and sends you to see a urologist. The biopsy specimen shows adeno carcinoma; and the surgeon brusquely informs you in the presence of your wife that you need a radical prosta tectomy and orchiectomy; that you will be impotent and may become incontinent; and that, although his opponents will tell you that prostatectomy is not needed, it is the only known cure. You must, moreover, make up your mind immediately, because he can operate the day after tomorrow but must make arrangements to cancel his planned vacation.
Memory in the enteric nervous system
Authors: J B Furness
Journal: Gut (2000)

Investigations in the past decade indicate that functional bowel disorders, for example, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), involve hypersensitivity (hyperalgesia) and hyper-reflexia of the gut. Thus seemingly normal patients suffer pain and discomfort during digestion, and sometimes have exaggerated enteric reflexes.1-3 

We have recently discovered a phenomenon that may be related to intestinal hypersensitivity and hyper-reflexia, sustained slow postsynaptic excitation (SSPE), which occurs in intrinsic sensory neurones of the small intestine.4 SSPE can be evoked by moderate stimulation of presynaptic inputs to intrinsic sensory neurones (AH neurones) in the small intestine and results in substantially enhanced excitability of these neurones that can outlast stimulation by several hours. It is possible that SSPE is involved in changed intestinal function, following alterations in alimentary activity, and in the genesis of functional bowel disorders. To our knowledge, there is no other documented long term change in the responsiveness of enteric neurones and thus no other candidate mechanism for inducing hyper-reactivity within the enteric nervous system.

There is general agreement that IBS involves hypersensitivity of the bowel that is expressed in several ways, including increased traffic and/or changed information content carried by spinal primary afferent neurones and altered intestinal motility.1 2Hypersensitivity may be enhanced if the bowel is inflamed but demonstrable inflammation is not necessary for IBS to occur. Quantitative data from human studies show that hypersensitivity includes lowering of the threshold distension for evoking pain in IBS patients.5 Hyper-reflexia in patients with IBS has been demonstrated by a decrease in threshold distension to evoke entero-enteric reflexes and by enhanced accommodation reflexes in the colon.6 

There is evidence from human and animal studies that IBS-like changes can be induced by repeated stimulation. In healthy human volunteers, conditioning jejunal distension increases the perception of discomfort invoked by a test distension …
Suppressed expression of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 and abrogation of leukocyte collaboration after exposure of human mononuclear leukocytes to respiratory syncytial virus in vitro. Comparison with exposure to influenza virus.
Authors: A R Salkind, J E Nichols, N J Roberts
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Human mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) exposed to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) produce net IL-1 inhibitor bioactivity with the anticipated consequences of cell cycle arrest, suppressed virus-specific proliferation, and reduced expression of activation markers. These studies were undertaken to investigate effects of exposure and resultant net IL-1 inhibitor activity on the expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and its ligand the lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA-1). MNL collected at 1, 4, and 24 h after exposure to influenza virus (which induces net IL-1 bioactivity) showed enhanced expression of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 relative to sham-exposed MNL and exhibited cell clustering. In contrast, exposure to RSV was associated with suppressed expression of both ICAM-1 and LFA-1 and with minimal detectable cell clustering throughout the culture period. Influenza virus-exposed MNL produced significantly more IL-1 and IFN-gamma (which require cell-cell collaboration for optimal production) than did RSV-exposed MNL. These data raise the possibility that exposure of MNL to RSV fails to elicit or blocks the early events necessary for cellular collaboration, contributing to early suppression of the clonal expansion of RSV-specific lymphocytes.
Anaesthesia and Apnoea Neonatorum after Caesarean Section
Authors: W. D. Wylie, H. C. Churchill-Davidson
Journal: BMJ (1956)

The functional role of inhibition in the neural network underlying the siphon withdrawal response (SWR) of Aplysia was assessed by examining a recurrent circuit comprised of identified inhibitory interneurons (L30s), and excitatory interneurons (L29s). We previously showed that activity-dependent potentiation of the L30 inhibitory synapse onto L29 can regulate the net excitatory input elicited by tactile siphon stimulation onto siphon motor neurons (LFS cells) (Fischer and Carew, 1993a). To explore the functional significance of L30 potentiated inhibition, we have examined how a behaviorally relevant stimulus that activates the L30 interneurons modulates the SWR circuit. Utilizing a reduced preparation, we show that weak tactile stimulation of the tail strongly activates the L30s, and leads to significant potentiation of the L30 synapse. Next, we demonstrate that similar weak tail stimulation produces significant inhibition of siphon tap-evoked responses in both L29 interneurons and LFS motor neurons. We further show that this form of inhibition is transient, having a time course of approximately 60 sec. Finally, we directly tested the role of the L30s in mediating this form of inhibition by hyperpolarizing two (of three) L30 interneurons during tail stimulation. L30 inactivation significantly attenuated tail stimulation-induced inhibition of siphon- evoked input to both L29 interneurons and LFS motor neurons. Based on these results, we suggest that L30-potentiated inhibition may have an important adaptive role in optimizing the signal-to-noise ratio for activation of the SWR circuit by providing stabilization of SWR responsiveness under a wide range of environmental conditions.
P908 EVEROLIMUS TREATMENT IN LIVER TRANSPLANTATION ACCORDING TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: A SPANISH MULTICENTRE COHORT
Authors: J. Castroagudín, M. Salcedo, I. Bilbao, M.A. Gómez, C. Jimenez, J. Fabregat, C. Almohalla, I. Herrero, V. Cuervas-Mons, A. Otero, A. Rubín, M. Miras, J. Rodrigo, T. Serrano, G. Crespo, M. Dela Mata, J. Bustamante, M.L. González-Diéguez, M. Antonia, I. Narvaez, M. Guilera
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Properties and biological significance of the ileal bile salt transport system.
Authors: L Lack
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

The properties of a specific transport system for bile salts, which is located in the ileum of the small intestine are described. The system operates by a sodium ion cotransport mechanism, and it functions in maintaining a normal enterohepatic circulation of bile salts. Analysis of structure-activity data allows us to depict our hypothesis for the interaction of bile salt and Na with the membranal recognition site of this transport system. The sequellae of metabolic disorders which can arise following disease or surgical ablation of the ileal region of the intestine which result in an interrupted bile salt enterohepatic circulation are described. We suggest that these findings hold interest to toxicologists, since it is not beyond reason that toxic agents might exist which impair the function of this transport system specifically or which could poison the ileal mucosal cell. Such agents might be detected by the presence of some of the described metabolic disorders. Finally, we discuss the ileal transport of the sulfated esters of bile salts and the possibility that this might relate to that aspect of detoxification pertaining to their enhanced excretion.
Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias early after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: Analysis of risk factors
Authors: Hans O.J. Peels, Maarteen J. Suttorp, Egbert M. Koomen, Jan G.P. Tijssen, Jo A. Defauw, Sjef M. Ernst, J.Herre Kingma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
A Piece of Her Heart
Authors: Stephen J. Sontag
Journal: JAMA (1988)

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