tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
China and Population Control
Authors: Tsung O. Cheng
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> I read with interest the Letter From Beijing by Dr Ma<sup>1</sup>entitled "One Child, One Family," published in the March 24/31 issue of<i>JAMA</i>. It put forth a convincing argument why it is essential for China to implement the one-child policy. But I am afraid that the Chinese phonetic translation used by the author for one child, one family,<i>do sheng zi nu</i>, is not exactly correct. <i>Du (not do) sheng zi nu</i>means "only son, only daughter," not "one child, one family." The Chinese phonetic translation for one child, one family is<i>yi jia yi hai</i>.
Osmotic water permeabilities of cultured, well-differentiated normal and cystic fibrosis airway epithelia
Authors: Hirotoshi Matsui, C. William Davis, Robert Tarran, Richard C. Boucher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Current hypotheses describing the function of normal airway surface liquid (ASL) in lung defense are divergent. One theory predicts that normal airways regulate ASL volume by modulating the flow of isosmotic fluid across the epithelium, whereas an alternative theory predicts that ASL is normally hyposmotic. These hypotheses predict different values for the osmotic water permeability (Pf) of airway epithelia. We measured Pf of cultures of normal and cystic fibrosis (CF) airway epithelia that, like the native tissue, contain columnar cells facing the lumen and basal cells that face a basement membrane. Xz laser scanning confocal microscopy recorded changes in epithelial height and transepithelial volume flow in response to anisosmotic challenges. With luminal hyperosmotic challenges, transepithelial and apical membrane Pf are relatively high for both normal and CF airway epithelia, consistent with an isosmotic ASL. Simultaneous measurements of epithelial cell volume and transepithelial water flow revealed that airway columnar epithelial cells behave as osmometers whose volume is controlled by luminal osmolality. Basal cell volume did not change in these experiments. When the serosal side of the epithelium was challenged with hyperosmotic solutions, the basal cells shrank, whereas the lumen-facing columnar cells did not. We conclude that (a) normal and CF airway epithelia have relatively high water permeabilities, consistent with the isosmotic ASL theory, and the capacity to restore water on airway surfaces lost by evaporation, and (b) the columnar cell basolateral membrane and tight junctions limit transepithelial water flow in this tissue.
Hereditary Tyrosinemia: Unusual Imaging Distribution of Gallium-67 Citrate
Authors: HERBERT L. MALINOFF, JAMES M. MOUNTZ, MARK W. WILSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Gallium-67 citrate (Ga-67) is effective in the imaging of inflammatory processes. During evaluation of an inflammatory process in a patient with hereditary tyrosinemia, an unusual distribution of Ga-67 was observed. The initial and 24-hour delayed images showed intense skeletal uptake with no discemable uptake in the liver or other regions of normal tracer distribution. Our case is unusual because neither the liver function tests nor the hematologic values were grossly abnormal. The case emphasizes that diseases that result in high avidity of Ga-67 to bone may make the diagnosis of an inflammatory process difficult.
Too Many Words? Mozart 1, Emperor 0
Authors: Neville W. Goodman
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —There are books on medical writing in which the techniques of clear writing are illustrated by rewriting examples of published medical prose. My own book is one.<sup>1</sup>Zieger's book<sup>2</sup>is the most comprehensive that I know of. If articles in the<i>Annals of Internal Medicine</i>are little easier to read after peer review and editing,<sup>3</sup>I suggest it is because editors are too busy to rewrite whole manuscripts. I am led even more to this conclusion because manuscripts were 2.6% longer after editing, and every manuscript I have ever edited has ended up shorter. Dr Roberts and colleagues<sup>3</sup>wrote: "Both the Gunning and Flesch scores are based on sentence and word length. One might then conclude that these indexes are not valid for medical writing [because of Latin words and neologisms].... But it is just such characteristics that editors criticize as detrimental to
Regulated on Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) Antagonist (Met-RANTES) Controls the Early Phase of <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> –Elicited Myocarditis
Authors: Ana Paula M.P. Marino, Andréa da Silva, Paula dos Santos, Luzia Maria de Oliveira Pinto, Ricardo Tostes Gazzinelli, Mauro Martins Teixeira, Joseli Lannes-Vieira
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Comprehension of the pathogenesis of Trypanosoma cruzi –elicited myocarditis is crucial to delineate strategies aimed at ameliorating the inflammation associated with heart dysfunction. The augmented expression of CC chemokines, especially CCL5/RANTES and CCL3/MIP-1α, in the hearts of infected mice suggests a role for CC chemokines and their receptors in the pathogenesis of T cruzi –elicited myocarditis. Methods and Results— We report that during the early phase of infection in C3H/HeJ mice infected with 100 blood trypomastigotes of T cruzi , most of the inflammatory cells invading the heart tissue were CD8 + cells and expressed CCR5, a CCL5/RANTES, and CCL3/MIP1-α receptor. Furthermore, peripheral blood CD8 + T lymphocytes displayed increased expression of CCR5. These findings led us to use Met-RANTES, a selective CCR1 and CCR5 antagonist, to modulate the acute T cruzi –elicited myocarditis. Met-RANTES treatment did not interfere with parasitism but significantly decreased the numbers of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, CCR5 + , and interleukin-4 + cells invading the heart, paralleling the diminished deposition of fibronectin. Moreover, Met-RANTES treatment resulted in increased survival of infected animals, compared with saline treatment. Conclusions— These results indicate that the massive influx of CCR5 + cells into cardiac tissue is not crucial for cell-mediated anti– T cruzi immunity but appears to be critical for pathogenesis of T cruzi –elicited myocarditis. Thus, CC chemokine receptors might become an attractive therapeutic target for further evaluation during T cruzi infection.
LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF VARIOLA.
Authors: R. L. THOMPSON
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The diagnosis of variola often presents difficulties, even to an expert. Patients, therefore, often have to be kept under observation for several days at considerable inconvenience, expense and danger to a municipality before they are finally released or sent to a smallpox hospital. This keeping of suspected patients under observation disturbs the peace of mind, not only of the patient, but of the physician on whom rests the responsibility of possibly sending a man who is not infected with variola to a smallpox hospital, or, on the contrary, of turning loose on the community a source of infection in an atypical case of smallpox. Most frequently these "observation" cases are those in which the evidence is just not quite enough to make the physician positive, and the patient has to furnish further evidence by the development of his disease. It is desired in this article to suggest an
The County Society and the Index Medicus.
Authors: Charles M. Ellis
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Elkton, Md., Oct. 30, 1903. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The Cecil County (Md.) Medical Society has subscribed to the<i>Index Medicus</i>. I have thought that if a good proportion of the county societies would become interested in this matter, and follow the example of this Maryland society, the continued existence of this important journal would be assured. We propose to deposit the numbers in a public place accessible to all our members. I take it that making a universal index of medical literature available to the mass of the profession can not fail to have far-reaching results beyond the demonstration of the ability of organization in creating and sustaining great professional enterprises.
Mosaic vaccines elicit CD8+ T lymphocyte responses that confer enhanced immune coverage of diverse HIV strains in monkeys
Authors: Sampa Santra, Hua-Xin Liao, Ruijin Zhang, Mark Muldoon, Sydeaka Watson, Will Fischer, James Theiler, James Szinger, Harikrishnan Balachandran, Adam Buzby, David Quinn, Robert J Parks, Chun-Yen Tsao, Angela Carville, Keith G Mansfield, George N Pavlakis, Barbara K Felber, Barton F Haynes, Bette T Korber, Norman L Letvin
Journal: Nature Medicine (2010)
PRASUGREL 5 MG IN LOW BODY WEIGHT PATIENTS REDUCES PLATELET REACTIVITY TO A SIMILAR EXTENT AS PRASUGREL 10 MG IN HIGHER BODY WEIGHT PATIENTS: RESULTS FROM THE FEATHER TRIAL
Authors: David Erlinge, Jurrien Ten Berg, David Foley, Dominick Angiolillo, Patricia Brown, Henrik Wagner, Chunmei Zhou, Joe Jakubowski, Thomas Bergmeijer, Stefan James, Kenneth Winters
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Practical Evaluation of Electrocardiogram: A Synopsis of Differential Diagnosis
Authors: David H. Spodick
Journal: JAMA (1969)

As one of the few truly unique efforts in electrocardiographic text material, this short, information-packed monograph is almost completely in tabular form. From P-wave to U-wave, the ECG deflections are considered seriatim and are cross-indexed to facilitate speedy reference to points of interest. Virtually every electrocardiographic consideration of interest (including considerable esoterica) is dealt with—with Teutonic thoroughness, yet in a condensed fashion. Despite this and the tabular format, there is no loss of "easy readability," for which congratulations are due not only the authors, but also the translator, Dr. William Wehrmacher. An atlas of technically beautiful electrocardiograms fits into a pocket in the book's cover. This book should be used as a companion to more formal ECG material, although in many respects it is superior to some texts. It is superb as a teaching instrument for serious beginners in cardiology, but should also serve as a "quick reference" source
Fasting Hypoglycemia Secondary to Disopyramide Therapy
Authors: Stephen F. Quevedo
Journal: JAMA (1981)

THE ANTIARRHYTHMIC drug, disopyramide phosphate, has been available for several years and recently has gained increasing acceptance as a second-line antiarrhythmic agent. During many years of use in Europe, the most common side effects have been related to anticholinergic properties. Recently, a case of disopyramide-induced fasting hypoglycemia was reported.<sup>1</sup>This association had not been previously noted in the literature, although a brief reference to hypoglycemia is mentioned in the 1980<i>Physicians' Desk Reference</i>.<sup>2</sup>We report two recent cases of apparent disopyramide-associated fasting hypoglycemia. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 72-year-old woman was admitted to Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, in June 1980 with an acute myocardial infarction. She had previously had slightly elevated fasting glucose values. Fasting glucose levels were 113 and 154 mg/dL. Intravenous (IV) lidocaine hydrochloride therapy was begun, followed by oral disopyramide phosphate therapy, 150 mg every six hours, because of failure to control recurrent ventricular
Public Expectations and Attitudes for Annual Physical Examinations and Testing
Authors: Sylvia K. Oboler, Allan V. Prochazka, Ralph Gonzales, Stanley Xu, Robert J. Anderson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Background: Recent guidelines for adult prevention do not recommend a comprehensive annual physical examination, but current public expectations in light of this change are unknown. Objective: To determine public belief in the need for and content of an annual physical examination and to examine the effect of financial charges on these beliefs. Design: Telephone survey. Setting: Three U.S. cities. Participants: Adult English-speaking respondents. Measurements: Percentage of respondents answering that an annual physical examination is necessary and percentage desiring individual components of the history, physical examination, and laboratory testing, with and without knowledge of charges. Results: Of 1203 respondents, 66% (67% in Denver, Colorado; 71% in Boston, Massachusetts; and 58% in San Diego, California) believed that in addition to regular care, an annual physical examination is necessary. Among the 600 respondents presented with charge information, interest decreased from 63% to 33% if payment were required. For history, greater than 90% believed that diet, exercise, and tobacco and alcohol use should be discussed, while 60% believed that seatbelt use and sexual history should be discussed. For the physical examination, greater than 90% felt that blood pressure should be measured and that the heart and lungs, abdomen, reflexes, and prostate should be examined. However, fewer than 80% thought that hearing and vision should be tested. Many tests, including the Papanicolaou smear (75%), mammography (71%), cholesterol measurement (65%), prostate-specific antigen test (65%), urinalysis (40%), blood glucose measurement (41%), fecal occult blood testing (39%), and chest radiography (36%), were desired. Interest in these tests decreased substantially when the charges were known. Conclusion: Public desire for a comprehensive annual physical examination is high across the United States and is sensitive to charges.
Hereditary hemochromatosis gene (<i>HFE</i>) mutations C282Y, H63D and S65C in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Jokke Hannuksela, Mari Leppilampi, Keijo Peuhkurinen, Satu Kärkkäinen, Eija Saastamoinen, Tiina Heliö, Maija Kaartinen, Markku S. Nieminen, Pentti Nieminen, Seppo Parkkila
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2004)
Do general practitioners act consistently in real practice when they meet the same patient twice? examination of intradoctor variation using standardised (simulated) patients
Authors: J.-J. Rethans, L. Saebu
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To assess the variation within individual general practitioners facing the same problem twice in actual practice under unbiased conditions. <b>Design:</b> General practitioners were consulted during normal surgery hours by a standardised patient portraying a patient with angina pectoris. Six weeks later the same general practitioners were consulted again by a similar standardised patient portraying a similar case. The patients reported on the consultations. <b>Setting:</b> Trondheim, Norway. <b>Subjects:</b> Of 87 general practitioners invited by letter, 28 (32%) agreed to participate without hesitation; nine others (10%) wanted more information before consenting. From these 24 were selected and visited. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Number of actions undertaken from a guideline in both rounds of consultations. Duration of consultations. <b>Results:</b> The mean (range, interquartile range) guideline score, total score, and duration of consultation were not significantly different between the first and second patient encounters for the group as a whole. For individual doctors the mean (SD) difference was −0.09 (3.36) for the guideline score, 0.30 (8.1) for the total score, and −0.87 (9.01) for consultation time. <b>Conclusions:</b> The study shows that assessment of performance in real practice for a group of general practitioners is consistent from the first round of consultations to the second round. However, significant variation occurs in performance of individual physicians.
Retroviral transduction efficiency of G-CSF+SCF–mobilized peripheral blood CD34+ cells is superior to G-CSF or G-CSF+Flt3-L–mobilized cells in nonhuman primates
Authors: Peiman Hematti, Stephanie E. Sellers, Brian A. Agricola, Mark E. Metzger, Robert E. Donahue, Cynthia E. Dunbar
Journal: Blood (2003)
Attitudes About Cancer Screening: Dinnertime Bias
Authors: Allen J. Dietrich
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Kottke and colleagues<sup>1</sup>continue to contribute substantially to our understanding of how to enhance cancer early-detection services. However, their conclusion that women in the population studied are "ambivalent to participating in cancer detection programs" bears careful scrutiny. Telephone solicitation is an irritating part of life in the 1990s. Such calls typically come to my house during dinner. If a telephone surveyor engaged me for 10 minutes, I'd be anxious to get back to my dinner. In particular, I'd want to avoid similar telephone intrusions anytime soon. If, in concluding, the surveyor asked me if I wanted to be contacted by my physician when I next needed a cancer early-detection test, I'd say no. I would be afraid that the physician would call me during dinner too. I propose that this represents dinnertime bias. It's a different story in the examination room or in reviewing the
Spectinomycin as initial treatment for gonorrhoea.
Authors: C S Easmon, G E Forster, G D Walker, C A Ison, J R Harris, P E Munday
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The prevalence of penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae at this hospital increased exponentially from less than 0.5% in 1978 to 6.5% of all isolates in 1982. In January 1983 first line treatment for uncomplicated heterosexual anogenital gonorrhoea was therefore changed from ampicillin and probenecid to spectinomycin. This subsequently cured 95% of cases seen at the Praed Street Clinic. Although there was an initial fall in the monthly isolation rate of penicillinase producing N gonorrhoeae after the introduction of spectinomycin, this was not maintained. The exponential increase in the prevalence of the strain did slow in 1983, rising to only 8.7%. This, however, may have reflected a general decline in the rate of increase of penicillinase producing N gonorrhoeae throughout Britain. The failure to influence the prevalence of penicillinase producing N gonorrhoeae to any great degree may have been due in part to spectinomycin resistance in both penicillinase producing and non-penicillinase-producing N gonorrhoeae. All of the isolates appeared identical, apart from the presence of the 4.4 megadalton plasmid in penicillinase producing N gonorrhoeae, but they could not be linked epidemiologically. Changing treatment in only one of the many venereal diseases clinics in London, where patients have open access to all such clinics, is unlikely to affect the prevalence of penicillinase producing N gonorrhoeae. This has probably been more important than spectinomycin resistance in limiting the effectiveness of spectinomycin in reducing the prevalence of the strain.
AB0970 Utility of Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography for Early Diagnosis and Evaluation of Disease Activity of Relapsing Polychondritis
Authors: H. Yamashita, K. Kubota, Y. Takahashi, H. Kaneko, T. Kano, A. Mimori
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Relapsing polychondritis (RPC) is relatively rare, and early diagnosis is difficult. <h3>Objectives</h3> We investigated the utility of FDG-PET/CT for the diagnoses of RPC and evaluation of disease activity. <h3>Methods</h3> Five RPC patients undergoing FDG-PET/CT hospitalized in our hospital between 2006 and 2013 were studied. Eight RPC cases examined by PET reported in the literature were also assessed. Data from 13 patients total were analyzed. <h3>Results</h3> Typical FDG accumulation was noted in tracheobronchial trees of 9 patients, costal cartilage of 5, joints of 5, larynx of 4, nasal cavity/paranasal sinuses of 3, auricles of 3, lymph nodes of 3, and the aorta of 1. One patient showed nasal chondritis on PET scan despite absence of nasal changes on physical examination. Of 5 patients with costochondritis, 4 remained asymptomatic. Of 9 patients with airway FDG accumulation, 8 developed respiratory symptoms and all had CT abnormalities. In the other patient, airway FDG accumulation was evident despite the absence of airway symptoms and a lack of abnormalities in the respiratory function test and CT. PET also revealed bronchial chondritis in asymptomatic patients.In 5 patients with PET post-treatment, FDG accumulation had diminished with symptomatic and inflammatory improvement. <h3>Conclusions</h3> FDG-PET/CT is a potentially powerful tool for the early diagnosis of RPC, especially in patients without easily biopsied organ involvement. This modality also facilitates the evaluation of extent of disease and disease activity during treatment. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.1039
Abstract B88: Clinical significance of FOXP3+ T cell heterogeneity in ovarian cancer.
Authors: Ronald J. deLeeuw, Sara E. Kost, Brad H. Nelson
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) are associated with survival in ovarian cancer. A second subpopulation of TIL – defined by FoxP3 expression – has been reported to inhibit tumor immunity, resulting in decreased patient survival. However, recent studies by our lab and others have challenged this paradigm by showing that FoxP3+ T cells, in some patient cohorts, are associated with favorable prognosis. Hypothesis: FoxP3 expression encompasses heterogeneous populations of effector and regulatory T cells that vary in proportion between patients and provide differential prognostication. Methodology: We used multi-parameter flow cytometry to assess CD25, CD28, CD39, CD45RO, CD103, CD127, CTLA-4, CCR4, CCR7, GITR, Helios, ICOS, IFN-gamma, and PD-1 in CD3+CD4+CD8-FoxP3+ TIL in 12 patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC). CD4 and CD8 expression within FoxP3+ TIL was assessed by four channel multi-parameter immuno-histochemistry (mIHC). CD8-FoxP3+ TIL were assessed for CD25 and CD39 expression by mIHC. Survival analysis will be assessed via Kaplan-Meier plots, log-rank tests and Cox regression analyses. Results: Consistent with prior reports, flow cytometry revealed that FoxP3 was expressed predominantly by CD4+ TIL. All CD4+FoxP3+ cells also expressed CD28, CD45RO, ICOS and CTLA-4, while they lacked expression of CD103 and IFN-gamma. However, we observed highly varied expression of regulatory T cell markers, including CD25, CD39, and GITR. Furthermore, on average, 4% (range 0-25%) of FoxP3+ TIL were CD8+. TCR spectratyping revealed similar TCR Vβ usage patterns between FoxP3- and FoxP3+ TIL. Although mIHC confirmed the variable expression of CD39 in CD8-FoxP3+ TIL, the expression of CD39 by a portion of HGSC tumors eliminated our ability to assess the clinical significance of this subset. The clinical significance of CD25 expression in CD8-FoxP3+ TIL is currently being analyzed in 245 cases of HGSC by mIHC. Conclusions: FoxP3+ TIL demonstrate profound phenotypic heterogeneity within and between HGSC patients. FoxP3- and FoxP3+ TIL appear to be clonally related, suggesting their distinct phenotypes reflect microenvironmental influences rather than developmental origin or antigen specificity. The variable expression of CD25 and CD39 may be of importance in defining clinically important FoxP3+ TIL subsets. Further study of FoxP3+ TIL subpopulations in HGSC is required to better understand their contributions to tumor immunity and patient survival. Citation Format: Ronald J. deLeeuw, Sara E. Kost, Brad H. Nelson. Clinical significance of FOXP3+ T cell heterogeneity in ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology: Multidisciplinary Science Driving Basic and Clinical Advances; Dec 2-5, 2012; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B88.