tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bloom's syndrome enzyme leads to a new cancer mechanism
Authors: Steven Dickman
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1996)

Scientists studying a rare disorder have uncovered a new molecular mechanism for tumorigenesis based on a DNA-handling enzyme. A mutated form of the enzyme is thought to cause the type of chromosome breakage that can lead to many tumors. A team led by Nathan Ellis and James German at the New York Blood Center identified the enzyme from tissue samples from patients with Bloom's syndrome, a rare cancer syndrome with less than 180 documented cases worldwide. This is the first DNA metabolism enzyme shown to be involved in a human  says Richard Kolodner of the Dana Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, who identified the mechanism for a common colorectal cancer in 1993 (Ann Oncol 1994; 5(7): 562-7). The implications of this discovery will go far beyond those few people with the disorder. The sequence of the gene, BLM that codes for the enzyme that is altered in Bloom's syndrome shows great similarity to a family of DNA-handling proteins called RecQ helicases which are found in bacteria and yeast. These enzymes are involved in the process of opening up double-stranded RNA and DNA to make it accessible for copying, transcription and repair (Cell (17 November) 1995; 83: 655-66). Bloom's syndrome patients typically die in their teens or twenties of cancers that normally set in much later, including virtually all known types of cancer, from leukemias to lymphomas to breast, colon and liver cancer. The wide variety of cancers caused by the syndrome has long been known to be due to chromosome breaks and rearrangements. The researchers speculate that the normal enzyme is more likely to be involved in copying DNA than in transcribing or repairing it But they are still guessing about its function in humans, admits co-author Joanna Groden of the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine. Some of the most important clues are likely to come from the bacterial RecQ helicase enzyme. That enzyme, says Kolodner, can attach itself to damaged DNA in which both strands have been broken and separate the strands. If no helicase were present, speculates Kolodner, the cell might die or it might fix the break by just stuffing it together some other way instead of repairing it properly. That in turn can lead to cancer. Kolodner and others agree that the largest immediate impact from having the gene will come from using it as a tool for studying chromosomal instability and rearrangements. Later, says Groden, the knowl
Treating non-competent patients
Authors: Lorraine Corfield, Ingrid Granne
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> is a microbial eukaryote and causative agent of the diarrheal disease amoebiasis. Pathogenesis is associated with profound damage to human tissues, and treatment options are limited. We discovered that amoebae attack and kill human cells through a cell-nibbling process that we named trogocytosis (<i>trogo-:</i> nibble). Trogocytosis is likely to underlie tissue damage during infection and it represents a potential target for therapeutic intervention, although the mechanism is still unknown. Assays in current use to analyze trogocytosis by amoebae have not been amenable to studying different types of human cells, or to high-throughput analysis. Here, we developed two complementary assays to measure trogocytosis by quantifying human cell viability, both of which can be used for suspension and adherent cells. The first assay uses CellTiterGlo, a luminescent readout for cellular ATP levels, as a proxy for cell viability. We found that the CellTiterGlo signal is proportional to the quantity of viable cells, and can be used to detect death of human cells after co-incubation with amoebae. We established a second assay that is microscopy-based and uses two fluorescent stains to directly differentiate live and dead human cells. Both assays are simple and inexpensive, can be used with suspension and adherent human cell types, and are amenable to high-throughput approaches. These new assays are tools to improve understanding of amoebiasis pathogenesis.
Of free condoms
Authors: Imre Loefler
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The Lancet has broadcast the ultimate socialist message: “The lesson: even in the world's richest country, the right price for condoms is zero” ( Lancet 2004;364: 13).

The first step will be the erection of thousands of condom factories, financed by the Bretton Wood Sisters—the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.

The United Nations will need to discuss how to calculate the numbers of condoms required. Applying human rights criteria, every male capable of …
Long-term remission of T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia associated with rheumatoid arthritis after rituximab therapy
Authors: Divi Cornec, Valérie Devauchelle-Pensec, Sandrine Jousse-Joulin, Thierry Marhadour, Valérie Ugo, Christian Berthou, Nathalie Douet-Guilbert, Alain Saraux
Journal: Blood (2013)
Heterogeneity of mast cells in mastocytosis and inhibitory effect of ketotifen and ranitidine on indolent systemic mastocytosis
Authors: Motohiro Kurosawa, Hiroo Amano, Naotomo Kanbe, Sachiko Akimoto, Yuko Takeuchia, Tetsuji Yamashita, Tsutomu Hashimoto, Fumihiko Kurimoto, Yoshiki Miyachi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1997)
Increased sensitivity of gastrin release to adrenaline in duodenal ulcer.
Authors: O Brandsborg, N J Christensen, N A Lovgreen, M Brandsborg, J F Rehfeld
Journal: Gut (1978)

Serum gastrin concentrations were measured in patients with duodenal ulcer and controls before, during, and after one-hour intravenous infusion of various doses of adrenaline (0.12 microgram to 6 microgram/min). Gastrin concentrations in the basal state were significantly increased in duodenal ulcer patients compared to controls. The maximal rise in serum gastrin concentrations was obtained at a dose of 4 microgram/min adrenaline in both groups of subjects, and the increase was significantly higher in duodenal ulcer patients than in controls. Adrenaline increased predominantly the gastrin III component (gastrin-17 like) in both duodenal ulcer patients and controls. The threshold level of adrenaline-induced gastrin release was significantly lower in duodenal ulcer patients: intravenous infusion of adrenaline in a dose of 0.12 microgram and 0.25 microgram/min increased serum gastrin concentrations 23 and 43%, respectively, but had no effect in controls. Rises in plasma adrenaline concentrations were similar in both groups of subjects in response to the various doses of adrenaline employed. Only the smallest dose of adrenaline (0.12 microgram/min) resulted in clearly physiological variations in plasma adrenaline concentrations. The results indicate that endogenous adrenaline may stimulate the secretion of gastrin during physiological conditions in patients with duodenal ulcer.
Anti-GOR antibodies in anti-hepatitis C virus positive subjects with and without virus replication and liver disease
Authors: Gloria Taliani, Rosina Lecce, Maria Concetta Badolato, Alessandro Bozza, Giuseppina Poliandri, Caterina Furlan, Roberta Bruni, Carlo Clementi, Carlo De Bac
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1994)
The Isis Centre: a counselling service within the National Health Service.
Authors: P Agulnik, P Holroyd, B Mandelbrote
Journal: BMJ (1976)

A new centre has been established to provide readily accessible counselling, consultation, and mental health information. People may refer themselves or are recommended to attend by general practitioners or other agencies. The counsellors have varied backgrounds in paramedical or counselling services, and they are supported by psychiatrists. Of a sample of 100 clients, four were referred to one of the team9s psychiatrists and 33 visited the centre only once. The centre9s staff aim to adopt a flexible approach to the client and his problems, and formal psychiatric categories have not been found useful. Provision is made for people who want to solve their problems by discussion rather than medication and those for whom the existing psychiatric services may have little time to spare. Consequently, the approach adopted by the Isis Centre, whereby many people benefit from psychotherapy yet the psychiatrist deals directly with only a few selected cases, contributes towards meeting the great need for psychiatric services and using the psychiatrist9s skills more effectively.
Near Death — In the Moment of Decision
Authors: S M Wolf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

ON January 21, public television stations across the country will air "Near Death," a documentary on decisions about life-sustaining treatment. This six-hour film, the latest work of Frederick Wiseman, is an immersion in the daily life of the medical intensive care unit at Boston's Beth Israel Hospital. It performs a great service, revealing a reality many laypeople and doctors are sure to face. The film provides no overarching commentary, however, to put into perspective the practices it depicts. It falls to the viewer to deduce the strengths and weaknesses of those practices and to glean the lessons of "Near Death." . . .
Prevalence of Pericardial Effusion and Mitral-Valve Involvement in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis without Cardiac Symptoms
Authors: Ravi Prakash, Atef Atassi, Robert Poske, Kenneth M. Rosen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — Prevalence of Pericardial Effusion and Mitral-Valve Involvement in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis without Cardiac Symptoms — An Echocardiographic Evaluation
Hemodynamic and angiographic evaluation of aortic regurgitation 8 and 27 months after aortic valve replacement.
Authors: C Toussaint, A Cribier, J L Cazor, R Soyer, B Letac
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Eighteen patients with chronic aortic insufficiency were evaluated hemodynamically and angiographically 8 months after aortic valve replacement. Both the pulmonary artery diastolic pressure and the left ventricular end-diastolic volume decreased significantly (p less than 0.001), but the mean ejection fraction and the cardiac output remained identically lowered, though some individual cases showed improvement. The relative reduction in end-diastolic volume correlated only with the preoperative ejection (p less than 0.05) and regurgitation fractions (p less than 0.02). In the 10 patients whose left ventricular volume remained high or ejection fraction low, a second evaluation was performed 27 months after surgery. The left ventricular end-diastolic volume was significantly lowered (from 151 to 120 ml/m2, p less than 0.05) back to normal in five cases. The systolic and diastolic ventricular shape returned to normal. Cardiac index and ejection fraction were unchanged. These results show a marked improvement a few months after aortic valve replacement, with a further improvement several months later, as shown mainly by the decrease of left ventricular end-diastolic volume and the return to normal of left ventricular cavity shape. However, in most cases, the ejection fraction remained at its preoperative valve, suggesting that surgery should be performed early, before myocardial deterioration appears.
On the systematic social role of expressed emotions: An embodied perspective
Authors: Nicolas Vermeulen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Vigil suggests that expressed emotions are inherently learned and triggered in social contexts. A strict reading of this account is not consistent with the findings that individuals, even those who are congenitally blind, do express emotions in the absence of an audience. Rather, grounded cognition suggests that facial expressions might also be an embodied support used to represent emotional information.
Intravenous Penicillin: Cardiorespiratory Effects
Authors: WALTER F. JANUSZ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments1 January 1975Intravenous Penicillin: Cardiorespiratory EffectsWALTER F. JANUSZ, M.D.WALTER F. JANUSZ, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-82-1-123_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In reference to the paper by Galpin and associates, "'Pseudoanaphylactic' Reactions from Inadvertent Infusion of Procaine Penicillin G" (Ann Intern Med81:358-359, 1974): the authors state in their summary that cardiorespiratory arrest with slow idioventricular rhythm . . . were observed within 15 minutes of the infusion in their three patients. In none of their three case summaries do they describe cardiopulmonary arrest. In Patient 1 a ventricular tachyarrhythmia was described, and in none a slow idioventricular rhythm. Could the authors clarify these points?... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: WALTER F. JANUSZ, M.D.Affiliations: Naval Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory Pensacola, Florida 32512 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1975Volume 82, Issue 1 Page: 123-123 Keywords Heart Penicillin Tachycardia ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
Superoxide generation by digitonin-stimulated guinea pig granulocytes. A basis for a continuous assay for monitoring superoxide production and for the study of the activation of the generating system.
Authors: H J Cohen, M E Chovaniec
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Stimulation of guinea pig granolocytes by digitonin results in superoxide (O-2) generation. A continuous assay shows that there is a lag between the addition of digitonin and the onset of O-2 production. The rate of activation of the O-2 generating system is dependent upon the concentration of digitonin and the temperature. The final linear rate of O-2 production is affected by the concentration of digitonin, temperature, pH, and the presence of exogenous reduced pyridine nucleotides. Thus, factors which alter either the activation process or the activity of the O-2 generating system can affect O-2 production by stimulated granolocytes.
Lateral Bladder Due to Tumor Compression
Authors: HASSANALI KASSAMALI, RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A 9-year-old girl with a large intra-abdominal tumor had a bone scan that showed renal and ureteral retention as well as left pelvic activity. This pelvic radioactivity increased with time, and represented the bladder compressed against the pelvic wall.
Immunotherapy for Melanoma
Authors: Robert Auerbach
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the editorial "Immunotherapy for-Melanoma" (225:1242, 1973), there is the statement, Particularly gratifying are the results in leukoplakias, keratoses, and squamous and basal cell carcinomas, which have been frequently eradicated for five years or longer without recurrence. I think it should be pointed out that leukoplakias, keratoses, and squamous and basal cell carcinomas can be treated easily with available surgical techniques or radiation, without immunotherapy. The latter is more cumbersome and less certain to insure eradication. Fluororacil in the treatment of some of these lesions works by its cytotoxic action in premalignant lesions and poorly in malignant lesions, such as squamous cell carcinomas and basal cell carcinomas. It is in the treatment of melanoma that immunotherapy holds out the greatest hope and perhaps in mycosis fungoides, lymphomas, Kaposi sarcoma, and reticulum cell sarcoma. The basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma have a cure rate of better
Case 35-1963
Authors: Alfred Kranes, Austin L. Vickery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

Presentation of CaseA fifty-nine-year-old shipping clerk was admitted to the hospital because of left-sided weakness.On the evening of entry, while attempting to stand after supper, the patient suddenly fell to the floor because of loss of strength in the left leg. His speech was slurred, but he did not lose consciousness or experience headache, nausea or convulsions. There was no history of hypertension, diabetes or chest pain.The patient had complained of pain in the left flank and the lower portion of the back three days before entry. There was no dysuria or hematuria. Eighteen years before admission, . . .
Operative Surgery: Fundamental International Techniques, Gynecology and Obstetrics
Authors: Arthur G. King
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Although subtitled "Fundamental International Techniques," this volume on gynecology and obstetrics, one of 18 in the series of publications on operative surgery, is essentially British. The book describes a number of well known procedures long identified with German or American gynecologists and presents minor local variations without, however, indicating either the substance or reasons for modifications of the original presentations. The chief criticism of the volume is that the procedures, techniques, and philosophy for each of the many operations are peculiarly those of the particular contributor for what amounts to a "standard" case. One American and ten English writers describe 34 groups of gynecologic or obstetrics procedures. Each is superbly illustrated by a number of uncluttered and easily followed line and wash drawings, but the text is far too brief. The editor has almost completely eliminated any topographical anatomy, and has also omitted entirely any physiological and pathological considerations, It
The Association among Neuropathy, Echocardiographic Parameters and Carotid Artery Intima Media Thickness in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Mustafa M Balcı, Sibel Mandıroğlu, Aysel Türkvatan, Alper Kirkpantur, Ugur Arslan, İbrahim Kocaoğlu, Okan Er, Sadık K Açıkgöz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Capillary Resistance in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: J. L. Potter, F. W. Wigzell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1957)

The presence of antibodies to cardiolipin was determined (by an ELISA) in 143 patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases. Thirty (21%) had raised anticardiolipin antibody levels compared with only three in 98 age matched controls. The highest prevalence of this autoantibody was found in the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Patients with selective IgA deficiency also showed a high prevalence of this autoantibody (32%), while patients with severe defects in antibody production showed a low prevalence or did not have such autoantibodies. This study provides further evidence of the association between autoimmune phenomena and primary immunodeficiency diseases.
Serum Folate and Vitamine B12 Levels in Acute and Chronic Renal Disease. Effect of Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: L. H. Sevitt, A. V. Hoffbrand
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Serum folate and vitamin B(12) levels have been measured in 32 patients with renal failure. The initial mean serum folate level was raised above normal in seven patients with acute renal failure whereas the mean level in eight patients severely ill from chronic renal failure was significantly lower than normal. Serum folate levels fell during peritoneal dialysis and rose between dialyses in all these patients and also in one patient who was dialysed for acute pancreatitis.The mean serum B(12) level was raised in patients with both acute and chronic renal failure, but there was no consistent change in serum B(12) level during dialysis.Hypersegmented polymorphs were present in the peripheral blood film of most of the patients with acute or chronic renal failure. Their presence bore no relation to the clinical state, blood urea, serum folate, or serum B(12) level of the patients.
Gene expression of lung squamous cell carcinoma reflects mode of lymph node involvement
Authors: J. E. Larsen, S. J. Pavey, R. Bowman, I. A. Yang, B. E. Clarke, M. L. Colosimo, N. K. Hayward, K. M. Fong
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

Tumour, node, metastasis staging is essential for lung cancer management. However, similarly staged cancers may have markedly different prognoses, indicating that stage cannot completely explain tumour behaviour. While ipsilateral hilar node involvement is designated N1, the current authors hypothesised that primary tumours involving nodes by direct extension are biologically distinct from those involving nodes through lymphatic metastasis. Microarrays were used to investigate the gene expression profiles of 59 primary lung squamous cell carcinomas, comparing N0 tumours (n = 35), N1 tumours by direct extension (N1 d ; n = 8), and N1/N2 tumours by lymphatic metastasis (N1/N2 m ; n = 16). Hierarchical clustering using 125 genes differentially expressed between N0 and N1/N2 m tumours found N1 d tumours clustered with N0 tumours. Class prediction modelling found the expression profiles of all eight N1 d tumours were more similar to N0 than to N1/N2 m tumours. The present study demonstrates for the first time that N1 tumours directly invading hilar nodes are genomically different to those that metastasise via lymphatics. Independent reports suggest that tumours with direct, rather than metastatic node involvement have better outcomes. Consequently, the data suggest that there is a need to re-evaluate the N1 staging definition in lung cancer. This is relevant for prognosis prediction and also for clinical management, particularly in selecting those patients most likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.
Exacerbation of psoriasis by thalidomide in a patient with erythema multiforme
Authors: K. Varma, A.Y. Finlay
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, We report a further example of thalidomide provoking an exacerbation of psoriasis. A 41‐year‐old woman developed recurrent oral ulcers and itchy skin blisters of the upper and lower limbs (Fig. 1a), considered to be erythema multiforme histologically (Fig. 1b). Her autoimmune profile was normal. Her blisters were not well controlled by dapsone 150 mg daily over 2 years. She also had a long history of psoriasis with occasional outbreaks of guttate lesions. Thalidomide 100 mg daily was introduced and effectively controlled the erythema multiforme. The psoriasis flared 2 weeks after starting thalidomide, with plaque psoriasis on the dorsal surface of her hands, arms, scalp, back and lower limbs. As it was considered that thalidomide may have contributed to the psoriasis deterioration, the thalidomide was stopped. Calcipotriol ointment and betamethasone valerate were prescribed to control the psoriasis. Her plaque psoriasis settled quickly after 2 weeks of topical treatment.
1141-189 Limited antiplatelet effect of aspirin and clopidogrel in patients with stable coronary artery disease: The platelet glycoprotein Ia/IIa and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa genetics and female sex
Authors: Aino Lepantalo, Jussi Mikkelsson, Julio Resendiz, Pekka J Karhunen, Riitta Lassila
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Christopher Vincent Everard
Authors: E. Bray
Journal: BMJ (2002)

was one of Mexico's wise elders and was usually revered in his home country with the title of "maestro."He became an early leader of and perennial pillar of support for International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, and he was in no small measure responsible for the inspired and visionary role that Mexico had in efforts to rid the planet of nuclear weapons.The son of a judge, who went on to become governor of the province of Chiapas, Manuel moved to Mexico City at the age of 14 to continue his education.His social activism began at an early age, and in 1938 he was one of the student leaders who attended the