tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P3-10-03: The Implication of Androgen Receptor Expression in Breast Cancers
Authors: S Park, JS Koo, MS Kim, HS Park, JS Lee, JS Lee, SI Kim, B-W. Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the implication of androgen receptor (AR) expression in patients with breast cancer. Methods: Immunohistochemically AR expression was investigated in 931 invasive breast cancers prepared in tissue microarray blocks that were collected in between November 1999 and August 2005. The clinicopathological features, disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier methods, and Cox's models. Tumors with ≥10% nuclear-stained cells were considered to be positive for AR, estrogen receptor (ER), and progesterone receptor (PR) expression and 3+ with immunohistochemical staing or FISH + were considered positive for HER2 expression. Results: The positive expression of AR, ER, PR, and HER2 was 58.1%, 72.2%, 61.4%, and 24.7% of all patients, respectively. AR expression was significantly associated with an older age at diagnosis (p=0.007), smaller tumor size (P&amp;lt;0.001), well differentiation (P&amp;lt;0.001), higher hormone receptors expression (P&amp;lt;0.001), non-triple-negative breast cancers (non-TNBC) (P&amp;lt;0.001), and lower proliferation index (P&amp;lt;0.001). In ER-negative cancers, AR expression was associated with well differentiation, lower Ki-67 index, and distinctively HER2 overexpression. With median follow-up duration of 72.7 months, AR was significantly associated with better DFS (p=0.023) and OS (p=0.048) and the association was same in ER-positive cancers but was disappeared in ER-negative cancers. In Cox's models, AR expression was an independent prognostic factor for DFS (hazard ratio, 0.654; p=0.049), but it did not reach a statistical significance for OS (hazard ratio, 0.647; p=0.119) even in ER-positive tumors. Interestingly, tumors with molecular apocrine features (ER-negative, AR-positive, and HER2-positive) showed a trend of poorer outcome with AR expression, but there was no impact of AR expression on the survival in 156 patients with TNBC. Conclusions: AR expression is significantly associated with favorable clinicopathological features and better outcomes in ER-positive cancers but tumors with molecular apocrine features showed a trend of poorer outcome with AR expression. These results suggest that AR expression could be an additional marker for endocrine responsiveness in ER-positive tumors and a target molecule for the molecular apocrine tumors. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-10-03.
Regulators of Mitotic Arrest and Ceramide Metabolism Are Determinants of Sensitivity to Paclitaxel and Other Chemotherapeutic Drugs
Authors: Charles Swanton, Michela Marani, Olivier Pardo, Patricia H. Warne, Gavin Kelly, Erik Sahai, Frédéric Elustondo, Jenny Chang, Jillian Temple, Ahmed A. Ahmed, James D. Brenton, Julian Downward, Barbara Nicke
Journal: Cancer Cell (2007)
Studies of Circulation Time During the Valsalva Test in Normal Subjects and in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: PAUL STUCKI, J. D. HATCHER, WALTER E. JUDSON, ROBERT W. WILKINS
Journal: Circulation (1955)

Circulation times (P 32 from the antecubital and femoral veins to a peripheral artery) and roentgenographic studies of the pattern of venous distribution of a radio-opaque substance (Diodrast introduced through a cardiac catheter into the axillary vein and the inferior vena cava below the diaphragm) have been performed during the expiratory effort of the Valsalva maneuver. In normal subjects the circulation times were increased by the duration of the expiratory effort and the Diodrast injections were stagnated in the veins outside the thoracic cavity. These effects were in striking contrast to those in patients with congestive failure in whom the circulation times were retarded only partially if at all and the Diodrast injections continued to flow freely towards the right atrium during the expiratory effort. Thus, in patients with congestive failure the Valsalva maneuver does not interrupt the venous return to the right atrium as it does in normal subjects.
TELOMERASE ACTIVITY IN OLDER PATIENTS PRESENTING WITH NON-ST ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Authors: Jonathan Adam Batty, Meedya Sharifpour, Murugapathy Veerasamy, Hannah Sinclair, Dermot Neely, Gabriele Saretzki, Vijayalakshmi Kunadian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Should the “Slow Code” Be Resuscitated?
Authors: John D. Lantos, William L. Meadow
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2011)

Most bioethicists and professional medical societies condemn the practice of "slow codes." The American College of Physicians ethics manual states, "Because it is deceptive, physicians or nurses should not perform half-hearted resuscitation efforts ('slow codes')." A leading textbook calls slow codes "dishonest, crass dissimulation, and unethical." A medical sociologist describes them as "deplorable, dishonest and inconsistent with established ethical principles." Nevertheless, we believe that slow codes may be appropriate and ethically defensible in situations in which cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is likely to be ineffective, the family decision makers understand and accept that death is inevitable, and those family members cannot bring themselves to consent or even assent to a do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order. In such cases, we argue, physicians may best serve both the patient and the family by having a carefully ambiguous discussion about end-of-life options and then providing resuscitation efforts that are less vigorous or prolonged than usual.
The Neurotoxicity of the Halogenated Hydroxyquinolines
Authors: Godfrey P. Oakley
Journal: JAMA (1973)

An epidemic of 10,000 cases of a new gastrointestinal-neurologic syndrome—subacute myelo-optic neuropathy (SMON)—occurred in Japan between 1956 and 1970. Although the epidemic was recognized promptly and a multidisciplinary search for the etiologic agent was begun, investigators did not identify the agent for more than a decade. An astute clinical observation led to careful retrospective case-control and cohort studies that strongly implicated a halogenated hydroxyquinoline, iodochlorhydroxyquin, as the etiologic agent. These findings were announced publicly on Aug 7, 1970. On Sept 8, the Japanese government removed all the halogenated hydroxyquinolines from the market. Kono reported<sup>1</sup>that the epidemic had ended precipitously and, in a personal communication (June 16, 1972), reported that the epidemic had not recurred. There is little reason to doubt that the halogenated hydroxyquinolines were responsible for the epidemic of SMON. As reported by the<i>Wall Street Journal</i>of April 11, 1972, there are those, however, who think
Action potentials in chick atria. Ontogenetic changes in the dependence of tetrodotoxin-resistant action potentials on calcium, strontium, barium.
Authors: A J Pappano
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

Action potentials were recorded from chick embryo atrial muscle cells bathed in Tyrode's solution. Tetrodotoxin (TTX), 3.1 muM, was added to block the early, transient, Na+-dependent conductance system. Rectangular stimuli were used to evoke action potentials the peak amplitude (Ep) of which depend on the external concentration of divalent cations, [Me2+]0. The relationship between Ep and [Me2+]0 shifted to the right with increasing age. For example, the slope of Ep was 33 +/- 2,22 +/- 1 and 11 +/- 3 mV per 10-fold change in [Ca2+]0 on the 9th, 12th, and 18th incubation days, respectively. In solutions with reduced [Ca2+]0, Ep increased when Ba2+ or Sr2+ was added to the bath. The potency of Me2+ in generating action potentials was Ba2+ greater than Sr2+ greater than Ca2+ and this sequence did not change during development. Action potential amplitude, which was reduced in 18-day preparations, was increased by isoproterenol (increased Ca2+ conductance, gCa2+) and by tetraethylammonium (TEA) ion (decreased K+ conductance, gK). The results show that (1) Me2+-dependent action potentials support membrane excitation in chick atrial cells treated with TTX, and (2) the ability of Me2+ to support action potentials decreases during ontogenesis. We conclude from these experiments that the ontogenetically related decrease in Me2+-induced action potentials is the result of a reduction in gMe2+/gK+ during stimulation.
Progressive Ambulation in the LCP Syndrome
Authors: Robert Hawkins
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  Discussing treatment of juvenile osteochondrosis Legg-Calve-Perche'sdisease (LCP), L. H. Wilk, MD, observes that although complete bed rest has been found to be excellent therapy, it can be an almost impossible task for the parents ( JAMA  192 :939-946 [June 14] 1965). In cases in which both sides of the body are affected two to four years of complete bed rest are indeed most impossible. For these cases a planned progressive ambulation may be effective.  As activity of the process diminishes, a tricycle with a hand-operated front wheel brake and toe clips on the pedals may be permitted. Later four-footed ambulation followed by periods of tip-toe walking may be permitted. Only when the patient is fully recovered can resumption of impact ambulation be permitted, with the patient using the heel of the foot in walking or the knee in crawling.  One thing missed in Dr. Wilk's report was a
Not Two, but Three Bilirubins
Authors: Roger Lester
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

According to several recent reports,1 , 2 including that of Weiss et al. in this issue of the Journal,3 it now seems that there are not two, but three classes of bilirubin: free, conjugated, and covalently bound. The younger reader's eyes may glaze at the thought of yet another obscure article on bilirubin metabolism. The new distinction, however, is worth considering in the light of the old one between "directly reacting" and "indirectly reacting" bilirubin.It will be recalled that during the first half of this century, a small group of physicians brought to the study of bilirubin metabolism the same . . .
Standards and the Flood of Medical Devices
Authors: Leslie Rendell-Baker, Dwight Emary Harken
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

"One orders what one wants through specifications, maintains order through standardization, and determines what to live up to through standards."1 The hurricane of technology now striking medicine has brought with it a flood of medical instrumentation and devices that have greatly benefited patient care. The physician, however, has been carried far from the firm ground provided by his medical training into deep waters where his lack of expertise in evaluating sophisticated medical instrumentation is often evident. In the absence of recognized specifications, performance criteria, test methods, and other standards, the purchasing agent is left with little but the physician's personal . . .
Parkinson's Disease — a New Therapy?
Authors: Robert Y. Moore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

The publication in this issue of the paper by Madrazo et al.1 is an important event in the history of the treatment of Parkinson's disease. With this report, neural transplantation is with us as a possible mode of therapy. We need to understand it and develop adequate criteria to evaluate its use. This problem is most readily addressed by reviewing the development of our knowledge of Parkinson's disease, its treatment, and the experimental background for a clinical application of neural transplantation.The syndrome described by James Parkinson in 18172 is among the most common and readily recognized of neurologic entities . . .
Malignant lymphoma presenting with a high eosinophilia, eosinophilic pleurisy, and pericarditis
Authors: A. H. Henderson, G. Mejia
Journal: Thorax (1969)

Serum periostin is a potential biomarker of response to therapies that target type 2 inflammation in asthma. The objectives of this study were to describe: 1) the distribution of serum periostin levels in adults with symptomatic airflow obstruction; 2) its relationship with other variables, including type 2 biomarkers; and 3) the effect of inhaled corticosteroids on periostin levels. Serum periostin levels were measured in a cross-sectional study exploring phenotypes and biomarkers in 386 patients aged 18–75 years who reported wheeze and breathlessness in the past 12 months. In 49 ICS-naïve patients, periostin levels were measured again after 12 weeks of budesonide (800 μg·day<sup>−1</sup>). The distribution of serum periostin levels was right skewed (mean±sd 57.3±18.6 ng·mL<sup>−1</sup>, median (interquartile range) 54.0 (45.1–65.6) ng·mL<sup>−1</sup>, range 15.0–164.7 ng·mL<sup>−1</sup>). Periostin was positively associated with exhaled nitric oxide (Spearman9s rho=0.22, p&lt;0.001), blood eosinophil count (Spearman9s rho=0.21, p&lt;0.001), and total IgE (Spearman9s rho=0.14, p=0.007). The Hodges–Lehmann estimator (95% CI) of change in periostin level after ICS therapy was −4.8 (−6.7– −3.2) ng·mL<sup>−1</sup> (p&lt;0.001). These findings provide data on the distribution of serum periostin in adults with symptomatic airflow obstruction, the weak associations between periostin and other type 2 markers, and the reduction in periostin with inhaled corticosteroid therapy.
Alimentary Tract Roentgenology
Authors: Martin W. Donner
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The first edition of this two volume reference book appeared in 1968. It represented the most successful attempt at a comprehensive text of gastrointestinal roentgenology so far and it was well received. The second edition, just published, shows changes in almost every chapter, with up-to-date revisions. In addition, new chapters of important topics have been added. For instance, in the general section, the physiology of the gastrointestinal hormones and digestive control are discussed. The three hormones, gastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin, isolated and studied in recent years, play an important role in coordinating gastrointestinal function and are therefore of particular interest to the radiologist. Clinical correlations of hormone interaction are given at the end of this informative chapter that is followed by a discussion of digestion and absorption. Another new chapter, dealing with abdominal trauma, stresses the importance of the radiologist in evaluating injuries usually seen in the emergency room. In
INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY AND INFLAMMATION IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: EFFECTS OF NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS
Authors: Ingvar Bjarnason, Alex So, A.Jonathan Levi, TimothyJ. Peters, Peter Williams, GiuseppeD. Zanelli, J.Michael Gumpel, Barbara Ansell
Journal: The Lancet (1984)
Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism in Congenital Factor VII Deficiency
Authors: M. Eric Gershwin, James K. Gude
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

HEREDITARY deficiency of factor VII was first described by Alexander et al. in 1951.1 Factor VII is necessary for the conversion of prothrombin into thrombin in the presence of tissue thromboplastin, and its deficiency is characterized by a prolonged Quick prothrombin time but normal tests of the intrinsic clotting system.2 3 4 It was initially thought that therapeutic anticoagulation with warfarin in the prevention and control of extension of red stasis thrombi was dependent upon achieving a Quick prothrombin time of 20 per cent control. This could often be achieved with high doses of drug on the first day, followed by a . . .
A Multicenter Randomized Trial of Atorvastatin Therapy in Intensive Care Patients with Severe Sepsis
Authors: Peter Kruger, Michael Bailey, Rinaldo Bellomo, David James Cooper, Meg Harward, Alisa Higgins, Belinda Howe, Darryl Jones, Chris Joyce, Karam Kostner, John McNeil, Alistair Nichol, Michael S. Roberts, Gillian Syres, Bala Venkatesh
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Observational studies link statin therapy with improved outcomes in patients with severe sepsis.To test whether atorvastatin therapy affects biologic and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients with severe sepsis.Phase II, multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial stratified by site and prior statin use. A cohort of 250 critically ill patients (123 statins, 127 placebo) with severe sepsis were administrated either atorvastatin (20 mg daily) or matched placebo.There was no difference in IL-6 concentrations (primary end point) between the atorvastatin and placebo groups (P = 0.76) and no interaction between treatment group and time to suggest that the groups behaved differently over time (P = 0.26). Baseline plasma IL-6 was lower among previous statin users (129 [87-191] vs. 244 [187-317] pg/ml; P = 0.01). There was no difference in length of stay, change in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores or mortality at intensive care unit discharge, hospital discharge, 28- or 90-day (15% vs. 19%), or adverse effects between the two groups. Cholesterol was lower in patients treated with atorvastatin (2.4 [0.07] vs. 2.6 [0.06] mmol/L; P = 0.006). In the predefined group of 77 prior statin users, those randomized to placebo had a greater 28-day mortality (28% vs. 5%; P = 0.01) compared with those who received atorvastatin. The difference was not statistically significant at 90 days (28% vs. 11%; P = 0.06).Atorvastatin therapy in severe sepsis did not affect IL-6 levels. Prior statin use was associated with a lower baseline IL-6 concentration and continuation of atorvastatin in this cohort was associated with improved survival. Clinical trial registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN 12607000028404).
Usefulness of chromic oxide as an internal standard for balance studies in formula-fed patients and for assessment of colonic function
Authors: Jean Davignon, W. J. Simmonds, E. H. Ahrens
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

In 35 patients maintained solely on liquid formula diets, chromic oxide has been evaluated as an internal standard for balance studies that require stool collections. In 28 patients the excretion of chromic oxide was ideal: steady states were attained in which mean daily output was 90% (or more) of mean daily intake. In these patients corrections for fecal flow could validly be applied.In patients who excreted the marker ideally, the availability of chromic oxide balance data made possible the calculation of pool sizes and turnover rates of unexcreted intestinal content. These indexes bore little relationship to the usual clinical descriptions of bowel habits. In some patient who had daily bowel movements, pool sizes were very large and daily turnover was small, i.e., a large proportion of the colonic contents was not excreted for surprisingly long periods. It is critically important for investigators to recognize this possibility when carrying out balance studies for fecal constituents that may be altered by bacterial action within the gut lumen: for instance, in 6 patients a significant inverse correlation was found between daily fecal turnover and degradative losses of large amounts of dietary beta-sitosterol.7 of 35 patients failed to attain the ideal steady state of chromic oxide excretion. These patients would not have been singled out if an internal standard had not been used. In such patients balance studies that require analysis of fecal constituents must be interpreted with great caution, since the constituents in question may be handled in the same nonideal fashion as the internal standard.
Kinetics of cellular proliferation after arterial injury. IV. Heparin inhibits rat smooth muscle mitogenesis and migration.
Authors: A W Clowes, M M Clowes
Journal: Circulation Research (1986)

Heparin inhibits the development of intimal thickening after carotid injury in the rat; however, the specific cellular events responsible for this effect have not been defined. In this study, smooth muscle cell growth fraction and migration into the intima were quantitatively measured in heparin-treated animals. All rats were subjected to left carotid balloon injury and received continuous intraperitoneal infusion of tritiated thymidine; they were given either heparin or lactated Ringer's solution intravenously for periods of time up to 7 days. Both smooth muscle cell growth fraction and migration of nondividing smooth muscle cells were markedly reduced in heparin-treated rats. If heparin was administered for only the first 3 days after carotid injury, both smooth muscle growth fraction and migration were reduced at 7 days; on the other hand, heparin had no effect on growth fraction and migration if given from day 4 to day 7. Finally, heparin given for a period of 1 week produced marked reduction in smooth muscle cell accumulation in injured arteries at 2 and 4 weeks. These results suggest that the effect of heparin on injury-induced intimal thickening might be due to inhibition of both smooth muscle cell entry into the growth fraction and migration of medial smooth muscle cells into the intima. These effects are long lasting, and are not reversed even if heparin is stopped after a short course of administration.
Tracking the recovery of consciousness from coma
Authors: S. Laureys
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Predicting the chances of recovery of consciousness and communication in patients who survive their coma but transit in a vegetative state or minimally conscious state (MCS) remains a major challenge for their medical caregivers. Very few studies have examined the slow neuronal changes underlying functional recovery of consciousness from severe chronic brain damage. A case study in this issue of the JCI reports an extraordinary recovery of functional verbal communication and motor function in a patient who remained in MCS for 19 years (see the related article beginning on page 2005). Diffusion tensor MRI showed increased fractional anisotropy (assumed to reflect myelinated fiber density) in posteromedial cortices, encompassing cuneus and precuneus. These same areas showed increased glucose metabolism as studied by PET scanning, likely reflecting the neuronal regrowth paralleling the patient's clinical recovery. This case shows that old dogmas need to be oppugned, as recovery with meaningful reduction in disability continued in this case for nearly 2 decades after extremely severe traumatic brain injury.