tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reporting of adverse drug reactions by hospital pharmacists: pilot scheme
Authors: A. Lee, D N. Bateman, C. Edwards, J. M Smith, M. D Rawlins
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Spontaneous reporting of suspected adverse drug reactions is an important element of pharmacovigilance. 1 The yellow card scheme of the Committee on Safety of Medicines and the Medicines Control Agency registers reports from doctors, dentists, and coroners but not pharmacists.The value of including pharmacists has prerviously been proposed, 2-4 and we assessed the contributions of hospital pharmacists in a pilot scheme.
Regionalization of Treatment for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Naomi S. Bardach, Scott J. Olson, Jacob S. Elkins, Wade S. Smith, Michael T. Lawton, S. Claiborne Johnston
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Previous studies have shown that for the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), outcomes are improved but costs are higher at hospitals with a high volume of admissions for SAH. Whether regionalization of care for SAH is cost-effective is unknown. Methods and Results— In a cost-utility analysis, health outcomes for patients with SAH were modeled for 2 scenarios: 1 representing the current practice in California in which most patients with SAH are treated at the closest hospital and 1 representing the regionalization of care in which patients at hospitals with &lt;20 SAH admissions annually (low volume) would be transferred to hospitals with ≥20 SAH admissions annually (high volume). Using a Markov model, we compared net quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and cost per QALY. Inputs were chosen from the literature and derived from a cohort study in California. Transferring a patient with SAH from a low- to a high-volume hospital would result in a gain of 1.60 QALYs at a cost of $10 548/QALY. For transfer to result in only borderline cost-effectiveness ($50 000/QALY), differences in case fatality rates between low- and high-volume hospitals would have to be one fifth as large (2.2%) or risk of death during transfer would have to be 5 times greater (9.8%) than estimated in the base case. Conclusions— Transfer of patients with SAH from low- to high-volume hospitals appears to be cost-effective, and regionalization of care may be justified. However, current estimates of the impact of hospital volume on outcome require confirmation in more detailed cohort studies.
Metabolic and functional recovery of ischemic human myocardium after coronary angioplasty
Authors: Christoph A. Nienaber, Richard C. Brunken, C.Todd Sherman, Lawrence A. Yeatman, Sanjiv S. Gambhir, Janine Krivokapich, Linda L. Demer, Osman Ratib, John S. Child, Michael E. Phelps, Heinrich R. Schelbert
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
LIGAND-INDUCED MOVEMENT OF LYMPHOCYTE MEMBRANE MACROMOLECITLES
Authors: Morris J. Karnovsky, Emil R. Unanue, Monika Leventhal
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

Anti-immunoglobulin (Ig) coupled to ferritin or hemocyanin was used to map the distribution of Ig molecules on lymphocytes derived from bone marrow (B lymphocytes) by freeze-etching. The labeled anti-Ig was distributed all over the membrane in the form of random interconnected patches forming a lacy, continuous network. This was the pattern of lymphocytes labeled at 4°C with the anti-Ig. After warming at 37°C, the labeled molecules concentrated into a single area of the cell (forming the cap) and were rapidly internalized in small vesicles Freeze-etching showed close packing of the labeled molecules in the cap area. There was evidence that in the cap area the Ig molecules were exfoliated from the plane of the membrane, suggesting that the Ig may be superficial to the bilipid layer, or weakly anchored to the membrane. Similar studies were made using antibodies to histocompatibility antigens. Thymocytes were labeled with anti-H-2 and ferritin anti-Ig at 4°C. Freeze-etching showed large patches scattered over the membrane and separated from each other by several thousand angstroms. This distribution may, in part, explain why H-2 antigens do not readily form a cap; the large patches are beyond the reach of even a double ligand (sandwich) reaction. The antigens that reacted with heterologous anti-lymphocyte globulin (ALG) were found in small noninterconnected clusters a few hundred angstroms apart. Such clusters presumably cannot be linked by a single antibody but can by a sandwich (ligand to ligand-antigen) reaction. In previous studies it was found that ALG antigens form a cap only after a sandwich reaction. Finally, the receptors for concanavalin A (Con A) were found in a lacy, irregular interconnected, random network. The spatial distribution of these moieties on the membrane may, in great part, determine their movement after reaction with one or two ligands.
Boys Adrift: The Five Factors Driving the Growing Epidemic of Unmotivated Boys and Underachieving Young Men
Authors: Maureen E. Lyon
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of immunosuppression on composition of quasispecies population of hepatitis C virus in patients with chronic hepatitis C coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Hidenori Toyoda, Hoshihide Fukuda, Yasuo Koyama, Junki Takamatsu, Hidehiko Saito, Tetsuo Hayakawa
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)
TREATMENT OF GOUT.
Authors: H. C. WOOD
Journal: JAMA (1897)

I am expected to epitomize in fifteen minutes the wisdom of the ages with regard to the most frequent of all conditions, probably, of the better class of the human race. I want in the first place, however, to clearly develop before you what I myself believe, that all our scientific knowledge of gout at the present amounts to little more than a mass of trundling, expectation upon which hereafter shall be built some true knowledge. And I think that in the successful treatment of gout the understanding of this is the basis. There are three great manifestations of the same thing which is universally allied to itself. We have rheumatoid arthritis as one type; we have podagra or true gout, as the second type; and we have acute articular rheumatism as a third type. Let me give you just one illustration from family history, that of my own case,
Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease-Reply
Authors: Denis A. Evans
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In Reply.—  Our erroneous citation of the review by Rocca et al 1 was based on an incorrect interpretation of the data presented in Table 2 of that work. Dr Prohovnik and other readers should be cautious about direct comparisons of Alzheimer's disease prevalence estimates from various studies. As noted in our report, these studies differ substantially in methods, especially in the degree to which they are limited to severe disease and in completeness of case finding methods.  The East Boston study has advantages in this regard because it included all levels of disease severity and because participants were sampled from all levels of performance on the population screening test. These features led to estimates of Alzheimer's disease prevalence that are more complete than those from most previous studies.
Purposeful Change of Staphylococcal Bacteriophage Types
Authors: Walter G. Strauss
Journal: JAMA (1965)

SHINEFIELD and his co-workers have demonstrated the feasibility of inoculating newborn infants as well as adults with a special strain of Staphylococcus aureus (strain 502A) to prevent colonization by more virulent strains. 1,2 Strain 502A was selected because it had never been observed to produce disease. This report describes an attempt to prevent recurrences of staphylococcal abscesses in a patient by replacing a resident Staphylococcus aureus (bacteriophage type 52/52A/80) with Shinefield's strain 502A (bacteriophage type 7/47/53/54/77).  Report of a Case  The patient, a 43-year-old housewife, was admitted to the University of California hospital on Dec 10, 1963, with a history of recurrent furuncles and carbuncles which began at the age of 35, shortly after hospitalization for accident-induced trauma. The lesions occurred approximately every two months on any part of the skin, sparing only the palms and the soles. They were 2 to 8 cm in diameter, exceedingly painful when fully
F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose Chest Uptake in Lung Inflammation and Infection
Authors: SIEMA M. BAKHEET, MOHAMAD SALEEM, JOHN POWE, ABDULLAH AL AMRO, SVEN G. LARSSON, ZEYAD MAHASSIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) may accumulate at sites of inflammation or infection, making interpretation of whole-body scans difficult in patients with cancer.More than 650 whole-body positron emission tomographic (PET) scans performed to examine patients with cancer were reviewed to identify uptake in pulmonary infection or inflammation based on the appearance of F-18 FDG chest uptake, chest radiographs, computed tomography, or all of these.Ten patients had uptake in benign lung disease. Eight patients had head and neck tumors and two patients had breast cancer. Intense focal or multifocal F-18 FDG chest uptake was seen in 6 of 10 scans. This was difficult to distinguish from pulmonary metastases based on the scan appearance. However, in the remaining patients, the uptake was atypical for malignancy and displayed an apical, segmental, or lobar pattern. In all patients, the F-18 FDG lung uptake corresponded to benign radiologic changes (infiltration, consolidation, or atelectasis), and the final diagnosis was pulmonary inflammation or infection. Nine patients were asymptomatic and one patient had clinical aspiration pneumonia. Follow-up PET scans were performed in five patients to evaluate their conditions. Chest uptake disappeared completely in three patients and partially in two patients, and there were no new findings. Variable degrees of F-18 FDG chest uptake have been reported with more than 40 different benign causes. They can be classified based on the underlying mechanism into four major categories: 1) Inflammation or infection, 2) benign tumor, 3) physiologic activity, and 4) iatrogenic. Most of these false-positive cases are included in the first category.Pulmonary infection or inflammation might predispose patients to localized F-18 FDG chest uptake mimicking pulmonary metastases and limiting the specificity of whole-body scans performed in patients with cancer.
Royal Australasian College of Physicians comes under fire over warnings on carbon tax
Authors: M. Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Leading public health and medical experts have criticised the Royal Australasian College of Physicians over its recent public comments on carbon taxes.

Earlier this month the college issued a media statement warning that the proposed carbon tax, currently the subject of intense political debate in Australia, could have an adverse effect on the health of poorer people.

The statement prompted the resignation of the chairman of the college’s climate change working group, Tony Capon, a researcher at the Australian National University’s National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health.

Professor Capon told the BMJ that his group had previously drafted another statement for the college, emphasising that climate change would be harmful for health and recommending a …
Eradication of metastatic gastric ca of the antrum resistant to trastuzumab and cetuximab following immunochemogene treatment with SV-IV, a stealth nanoparticle formulation composed of clamp pna against mRNA of SGCA1/B1, docetaxel, and MUC1 chimeric mab
Authors: J. Giannios
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The unmet medical need for metastatic gastric Ca of the antrum is very high because of potent chemoresistance. We aim to circumvent these resistant factors. <h3>Methods</h3> We obtained surgically tumour cells from patients with stage IV gastric Ca overexpressing MUC1, sGC heterodimer a1b1, and bcl-2. We synthesised 6 mer homopyrimidine triplex ((PNA)2/RNA)) hybridised to the 59 end (Leader), and 10 mer purine/pyrimidine duplex (PNA/RNA) hybridised to the 39-end (Trailer) of the AUG start codon region on the mRNA of sGCa1/b1. ClampPNA anti-sGCa1/b1 was incorporated in the polar phase, and docetaxel was entrapped in the lipid phase, which was surrounded by the stealth polymer layer, and biological recognition layer with linked chimeric MAbs against MUC1 of a nanoparticle formulation (SV-IV), with which we treated xenograft animal models developed from gastric Ca cells obtained from the stage IV patients. <h3>Results</h3> Post-treatment, we observed that downregulated MUC1 blocked binding of TKIs, such as cetuximab and trastuzumab, by inhibiting direct steric hindrance onto HER2 and EGFR via the MUC1 cytoplasmic tail. MUC1 phosphorylation was inhibited, blocking Ras/Raf/(Mek)Erk1/2/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, VEGF and MMP-2. The clamp PNA hybridised to the leader, and trailer region of the AUG start codon region on mRNA sGC forming Watson-crick double helices, which inhibited sGCa1/b1 and nitric oxide inducing p53-indept apoptosis or type I PCD. Inhibition of B-Raf, downregulated VEGFR-1-2-3, PDGFR-b, FIR-3, FGFR-1 and upregulated p21CIP1, p16INK4a, and p27KIP1. Downregulation of ERK1/2 blocked angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. RIN, TSC2, PTEN were upregulated, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was blocked. Inhibition of eIF4E led to strong autocrine/paracrine downregulation, inducing apoptosis. Docetaxel phosphorylated bcl-2 releasing beclin-1, which with upregulated BIM induced caspase-indept type II PCD or autophagy. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Administration of immunochemogene formulation SV-IV eradicated metastatic gastric Ca of the antrum after circumvention of chemoresistance.
INFLUENCE OF LIGHT ENVIRONMENT ON THE GROWTH OF HAIR IN NORMAL RABBITS WITH ESPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ACTION OF NEON LIGHT
Authors: Wade H. Brown
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

The influence of light environment on the growth and nutrition of normal rabbits was studied by comparing the weight curves of animals living under different environmental conditions for periods of 4 to 8 months and the effects of change from one environment to another. Prolonged exposure to neon light was compared with confinement in the dark and exposure to diffuse, filtered sunlight of varying intensity. The results of the experiments showed that growth and nutrition were greatly affected by the light environment in which the animals lived. The effects produced by a given environment varied with the color or breed of the animal and appeared to be out of proportion to the differences in the intensity of the light or the energy represented.
Body Mass Index and Asthma in Adults in Families of Subjects with Asthma in Anqing, China
Authors: JUAN C. CELEDÓN, LYLE J. PALMER, AUGUSTO A. LITONJUA, SCOTT T. WEISS, BINYAN WANG, ZHIAN FANG, XIPING XU
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

We conducted a cross-sectional study of 7,109 adults from families of subjects with asthma in the province of Anhui, China. Asthma was defined either as a combination of physician-diagnosed asthma, airway responsiveness to methacholine at ⩽ 25 mg/ml and two or more respiratory symptoms or asthma attacks ("asthma"); or as a combination of airway responsiveness to methacholine at ⩽ 8 mg/ml and two or more respiratory symptoms or asthma attacks ("symptomatic airway hyperresponsiveness [AHR]"). After adjusting for intensity of cigarette smoking and other variables, both extremes of the body mass index (BMI) distribution were associated with symptomatic AHR in men and women (p < 0.01). In the multivariate analysis, both under- and overweight were associated with asthma in women, and underweight was associated with asthma in men. Among men, those with BMIs of 16 and 30 kg/m2 had 2.5 and 2.3 times higher odds of symptomatic AHR, respectively, than those whose BMI was 21 kg/m2 (95% CI for OR16 vs. 21 kg/m 2 = 1.4 to 3.8; 95% CI for OR30 vs. 21 kg/m 2 = 1.2 to 5.0). Among women, those with BMIs of 16 and 30 kg/m2 had 2.0 and 2.3 times higher odds of symp- tomatic AHR than those whose BMI was 21 kg/m2 (95% CI for OR16 vs. 21 kg/m 2 = 1.3 to 3.1; 95% CI30 vs. 21 kg/m 2 = 1.2 to 4.5). Among adults in families of subjects with asthma living in rural China, both underweight and overweight are associated with an increased risk of asthma.
Computers in medicine. A simple system for references and reprints.
Authors: A S Henderson, R Bosly-Craft
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Because a personal index system for published reports is so useful in clinical research, it is well worth while setting this up on cards. If the collection is likely to exceed about 200 entries, there are now distinct advantages in also having it on a computer file. Using the simple system described here, one can then carry out very rapid searches within one9s collection and can prepare error free reference lists for publications.
Two Clinical Lectures on Addison's Disease, with Notes of Three Cases, in One of which Suprarenal Extract Produced Marked Improvement, and in which the Suprarenal Bodies were Found after Death to be Absent and Replaced by Masses of Fat: Delivered at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary
Authors: B. Bramwell
Journal: BMJ (1897)

THE case to which I wish to direct your attention to-day is one of remarkable interest-first, on account of the fact that great improvement resulted from the administration of the extract, the specific treatment of Addison's disease as it may be termed; and, secondly, from the circumstance that after death, which was due to an attack of influenza, both supra- renal capsules were found to be absent, and to be replaced by masses of fat.But, before referring to the details of this case, let me say a word or two with regard to the pathologieal physiology of Addison's disease, and the theory on which the administra- tion of suprarenal extract is based. PATHOLOGICAL PHYSIOLOGY OF ADDISON'S DISEASE.There can be no doubt whatever that the symptoms of Addison's disease are the result of disease of the suprarenal capsules.In trying to explain the pathological physiology of Addison's disease, the following points in connection with the morbid anatomy must be kept in view:i.In the great majority of cases of Addison's disease which have been examined after death, both suprarenal capsules have been found extensivel'y diseased-in fact, completely destroyed-by a peculiar fibro-caseous change, which, as I have already told you, is tuberculous in its nature.Some authorities even go so far as to say that this fibro-caseous lesion is the only lesion which ean produce Addison's disease.
Mongolism: When Should Parents be Told?
Authors: K. H. Pickworth
Journal: BMJ (1964)

JOUMNL 750 endoscopies are performed a year.Many of these are bronchoscopies performed under premedication and local analgesia.I have described the technique very fully elsewhere.'My work in this endoscopy clinic during the past 15 years has enabled me to form a clini- cal evaluation of many surface anaesthetics, and amongst those I have most experience of cocaine (5%), amethocaine (2%), and lignocaine (4%).I have now had an experience extending to well over 200 endoscopies, using 4 % prilocaine (Citanest), which has been supplied to me through the courtesy of Messrs. Astra-Hewlett, Ltd., as the drug in this strength has not yet passed the scrutiny of the Dunlop Committee.It is my opinion that this agent, when utilized in the pharynx and bronchial tree as a surface agent, has a perceptibly reduced latent period, a more effective action, and a considerably reduced toxicity, when compared with lignocaine.In these 200 cases, using an average dosage of between 6 and 8 ml. of 4% solution (240 to 320 mg.)I have not seen a single case of local anaesthetic intoxication in its mildest form.In this situation, therefore, I look upon prilocaine with particular favour, and I hope your writer's very brief notes on its performance will not dissuade other clinicians from trying out its effectiveness.-Iam, etc.,
Synthetic and oxidative studies on 8-(arylamino)-2'-deoxyguanosine and -guanosine derivatives.
Authors: F Johnson, C Y Huang, P L Yu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Facile aerial oxidation is a general feature of guanine ribo- and 2'-deoxyribonucleosides that are substituted at the 8-position by an aminoaryl group. In previous work, it had been suggested that two of the major oxidation products are a pair of diastereomers having a spiro structure. These were presumed to be related by a chiral difference at the spiro carbon atom. The pattern of the oxidative process involves a contraction of the pyrimidine ring. It was thought to be analogous to that suggested by other investigators for the oxidation of uric acid, but for which no really definitive evidence had been presented. We have been able now to isolate in a crystalline state one of the diastereomers produced by the aerial oxidation of 8-phenylaminoguanosine under alkaline conditions. Analysis by X-ray diffraction has now confirmed the type of spiro structure promulgated previously. These findings also imply that spiro compounds are likely to be produced during the aerial oxidation of any 8-arylaminoguanine nucleoside or 2'-deoxynucleoside. In addition, this work adds considerable weight to the results of Poje and Sokolic-Maravic who proposed that a spiro intermediate is produced during the aerial oxidation of uric acid (12,13). However, they found this compound to be unstable to base, in contrast to the arylaminoguanine oxidation products. In the course of the above work we showed that the 8-arylamino derivatives of guanosine can be converted by the Barton deoxygenation method to the corresponding 2'-deoxyribonucleosides. This makes available a number of the latter compounds, which are not easily prepared by other methods.
P3-118: IFCT-0301 randomized phase II trial of gefitinib, gemcitabine or docetaxel in Performance Status (PS) 2 or 3 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients: analysis of the clinical impact of comorbidities and tumour burden
Authors: Jeanne-Marie Brechot, V Gounant, Franck Morin, Virginie Westeel, Bernard Lebeau, Fabien Vaylet, Thierry Urban, Fabrice Barlesi, Denis Moro-Sibilot, Jean-Francois Morere
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)