tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiota influences low fermentable substrate diet efficacy in children with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Bruno P Chumpitazi, Emily B Hollister, Numan Oezguen, Cynthia M Tsai, Ann R McMeans, Ruth A Luna, Tor C Savidge, James Versalovic, Robert J Shulman
Journal: Gut Microbes (2014)

We sought to determine whether a low fermentable substrate diet (LFSD) decreases abdominal pain frequency in children with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and to identify potential microbial factors related to diet efficacy. Pain symptoms, stooling characteristics, breath hydrogen and methane, whole intestinal transit time, stool microbiome, and metabolite composition were collected and/or documented in eight children with IBS at baseline and during one week of an LFSD intervention. Pain frequency (P < 0.05), pain severity (P < 0.05), and pain-related interference with activities (P < 0.05) decreased in the subjects while on the LFSD. Responders vs. non-responders: four children (50%) were identified as responders (>50% decrease in abdominal pain frequency while on the LFSD). There were no differences between responders and non-responders with respect to hydrogen production, methane production, stooling characteristics, or gut transit time. Responders were characterized by increased pre-LFSD abundance of bacterial taxa belonging to the genera Sporobacter (P < 0.05) and Subdoligranulum (P < 0.02) and decreased abundance of taxa belonging to Bacteroides (P < 0.05) relative to non-responders. In parallel, stool metabolites differed between responders and non-responders and were associated with differences in microbiome composition. These pilot study results suggest that an LFSD may be effective in decreasing GI symptoms in children with IBS. Microbial factors such as gut microbiome composition and stool metabolites while on the diet may relate to LFSD efficacy.
Behavior of the Right Ventricle Following Acute Constriction of the Pulmonary Artery
Authors: A. C. TAQUINI, J. D. FERMOSO, P. ARAMENDIA
Journal: Circulation Research (1960)

In 15 anesthetized dogs, constriction of the lumen of the pulmonary artery by less than 50 per cent produced no significant change in intraventricular pressure or cardiac output. Additional constriction caused a progressive increase of the right ventricular pressure; up to a pressure of 62.3±3./min. Hg, there was no change in cardiac output. With higher right ventricular systolic pressure there was a reduction in cardiac output, gradual decrease in systolic pressure but increase in diastolic pressure of both ventricles, and ultimately dilatation of the heart and ventricular arrest or fibrillation.
Book Review Ownership of the Human Body: Philosophical considerations on the use of the human body and its parts in healthcare (Philosophy and Medicine. Vol. 59.) Edited by Henk A.M.J. ten Have and Jos V.M. Welie, with the collaboration of Stuart F. Spicker. 235 pp. Boston, Kluwer Academic, 1998. $120. 0-7923-5150-9
Authors: Mark J. Cherry
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)
Effects of Small Oral Doses of Reserpine on Vascular
Authors: FRANCOIS M. ABBOUD, JOHN W. ECKSTEIN
Journal: Circulation (1964)

Experiments were done to see if reserpine, in small oral doses, alters the responses to tyramine and norepinephrine in man. Each of seven normotensive subjects was studied on three occasions. The first and third sessions served as pre- and post-treatment control sessions; the second session was held after oral administration of reserpine (0.25 to 1 mg. per day) for 2 weeks. Blood pressure was measured with a sphygmomanometer, and forearm blood flow was measured with a water plethysmograph. Reserpine reduced resting blood pressure and heart rate but forearm blood flow did not change. The pressor, forearm vasoconstrictor, and bradycrotic actions of intravenous tyramine were suppressed by reserpine, but the pressor, vasoconstrictor, and bradycrotic actions of three intravenous doses of norepinephrine were not augmented significantly. The results indicate that oral administration of small doses of reserpine may cause depletion of endogenous catecholamines in man as suggested by the suppressed response to tyramine. The decreased response to tyramine was not accompanied by hypersensitivity to exogenous norepinephrine. In equipressor doses norepinephrine produced greater forearm vasoconstriction and more reflex bradycardia than did tyramine.
Retrospective Review of Metformin in Inpatients and Outpatients at the University of Michigan
Authors: Hanady M. Sharabash, Tami L. Remington, Peter Mar, Ralph Winston, Paul C. Walker
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Metformin is a hypoglycemic agent that is used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It is considered the drug of choice in patients who are overweight with no contraindications to its use (1). Metformin has been associated with lactic acidosis. Although metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is rare, it is fatal in approximately half of all cases. MALA is precipitated by clinical conditions that cause substantial tissue hypoperfusion and hypoxia and thus are identified as precautions and contraindications to its use in package labeling (1, 2). Four studies have previously found that metformin is commonly prescribed, despite risk factors, with a range of 24.5–54% in outpatients and 64–73% in inpatients (3, 5–7). The purpose of …
Recurrent solitary giant trichoepithelioma located in the perianal area; a case report
Authors: S. BECK, D. W. K. COTTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article Recurrent solitary giant trichoepithelioma located in the perianal area; a case report Get access S. BECK, S. BECK Department of Pathology, Rotherham District General Hospital, Moorgate Road, Rotherham, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. W. K. COTTON D. W. K. COTTON University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, U.K. Dr D. W. K. Cotton. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 118, Issue 4, 1 April 1988, Pages 563–566, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb02468.x Published: 01 April 1988
Does gastric aminopyrine clearance reflect gastric mucosal blood flow or parietal cell function?
Authors: S A Muller-Lissner, A Sonnenberg, A L Blum
Journal: Gut (1981)

Gastric aminopyrine clearance was measured in human volunteers and dogs with untreated basal secretion, in human volunteers and dogs treated with secretory inhibitors, in dogs treated with histamine, and in patients with pernicious anaemia. When aminopyrine was given as a bolus to man or dog, aminopyrine clearance and the ratio aminopyrine concentration in gastric juice/aminopyrine concentration in plasma showed an initial peak two to three times over steady state levels. When aminopyrine was given with histamine, the peaks were even higher. No peaks occurred when an aminopyrine bolus was given to patients with pernicious anaemia or to healthy volunteers treated with secretory inhibitors. The height of the peaks paralleled the acid secretory rate. The peaks may best be explained by aminopyrine accumulation in the parietal cells and washing out of aminopyrine by volume flow. The steady state levels might reflect both parietal cell function and gastric mucosal blood flow.
Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase Promoter Genotype, Dietary Arachidonic Acid, and Atherosclerosis
Authors: James H. Dwyer, Hooman Allayee, Kathleen M. Dwyer, Jing Fan, Huiyun Wu, Rebecca Mar, Aldons J. Lusis, Margarete Mehrabian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Leukotrienes are inflammatory mediators generated from arachidonic acid (polyunsaturated n–6 fatty acid) by the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase. Since atherosclerosis involves arterial inflammation, we hypothesized that a polymorphism in the 5-lipoxygenase gene promoter could relate to atherosclerosis in humans and that this effect could interact with the dietary intake of competing 5-lipoxygenase substrates.
Periductal fibrosis and lipocytes (fat-storing cells or ito cells) during biliary atresia in the lamprey
Authors: Kazuhide Yamamoto, Patricia A. Sargent, Murray M. Fisher, John H. Youson
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

Transmission and scanning electron microscopy were utilized to follow the degeneration of bile ducts of lampreys (Petromyzon marinus L.) during metamorphosis. The convoluted bile ducts of larval lampreys are surrounded by rich sinusoids, but this intimate biliovascular relationship is lost during metamorphosis because the bile duct degeneration is accompanied by the development of thick periductal fibrosis. Lipocytes, which are present not only in the parenchyma but also in the interstitial tissue of the liver, increase in number in the periductal fibrous tissue, and their processes are directly opposed to collagen fibrils. Fibrillar materials in the dilated cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the nuclear envelope of lipocytes are believed to be excreted by exocytosis in a manner similar to such excretion by fibroblasts. The findings suggest that lipocytes are responsible for the periductal fibrosis during biliary atresia in lampreys. This animal might prove to be an interesting model in which to study the biology and fibrogenic potential of lipocytes.
Evaluation of Infertility
Authors: Luis Schwarzstein
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I would like to comment on the article by Swerdloff and Boyers entitled "Evaluation of the Male Partner of an Infertile Couple: An Algorithmic Approach" (1982; 247:2418). The authors clearly stress the importance of the thorough examination of the male partner of the infertile couple, just as that of the female. However, some important facts were missed, and they should be taken into consideration. Among the previous illnesses of the patient, there are two valuable points missing— cryptorchidism and infectious diseases. The former has been shown to be the cause of about 4.4% of infertility among 1,294 infertile men.<sup>1</sup>The latter should be carefully evaluated. It is not necessary to mention orchitis as a complication of postpubertal mumps (2.5% in the previously mentioned series), but it should be taken into consideration that about 25% to 40% of the infertile men have asymptomatic infections of their genital
Abstract 3340: Salinomycin displays more potent anticancer effect against brain tumor stem cells than temozolomide
Authors: Marta M. Alonso, Candelaria Gomez-Manzano, Brian Vaillant, Jing Xu, Dan Liu, Hong Jiang, Erin J. White, Howard Colman, Juan Fueyo
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Salinomycin has recently proven to be highly effective against a model of breast cancer stem cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, treatment with this compound induced epithelial differentiation of tumor cells. A population of Brain Tumor Stem Cells (BTSCs) has been identified in malignant brain tumors. This population of cells has been found responsible for the initiation of these malignancies and may constitute the cause of resistance of malignant brain tumors to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and therefore responsible for the lethal recurrence after surgery. We hypothesize that salinomycin could be successfully implemented for the treatment of brain tumors and specifically for the eradication of BTSCs. Material and Methods: In vitro cytotoxic effect of salinomycin or TMZ was assessed in a panel of BTSCs lines (n=11), established glioma cell lines (n=4) and normal human astrocytes (NHA) by MTT. Self-renewal was assayed by single cell plating and limited dilution assay. Cell cycle was evaluated by flow cytometry using PI staining. In addition, we performed QT-RT-PCR and western blot analysis to assess the expression of different stem cells markers before and after the treatment. In addition, global gene expression analysis was performed using an affymetrix array. Survival studies in animal models are in progress. Results: Our results showed that salinomycin presents a potent antitumoral effect against BTSCs and glioma cell lines. Importantly, salinomycin displayed an IC50 ranging from 100 to 10000 folds lower than TMZ (currently the gold standard treatment for malignant brain tumors) in the same cell lines. Interestingly, salinomycin reduced the number of self-renewal cells in treated-BTSCs. This was confirmed with the decreased in the expression of stem cell markers such as Sox2 and Bmi1. Cell cycle analysis showed that unlike TMZ treated cells, which arrest in G2, salinomycin treated cells did not experienced growth arrest and progress through the cell cycle to end up dying. Conclusions: Altogether our data show that salinomycin is more potent than temozolomide for the treatment of brain tumor stem cells and therefore could be a promising agent against malignant brain tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3340.
Renal Mass With Hematuria
Authors: Robert M. Frank
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Much has been written about the renal mass with or without gross or microscopic hematuria. In an interesting addition, "Renal Mass Associated with Polycythemia" (<b>207</b>:1339, 1969), Dr. Richard C. Pfister is quoted: "There have been no reported cases of tumor seeding along the aspiration tract." Perhaps the following case history can raise a point or two of caution. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> A 51-year-old white man was seen for the first time in November 1968 with gross painless hematuria. Cystoscopic examination revealed the blood to be coming from the left portion of the upper urinary tract. Intravenous pyelography and nephrotomography both confirmed a space-occupying lesion of the upper pole of the left kidney, thought to be most probably a benign cystic lesion. An attempt at percutaneous cyst puncture was done under image intensification. A No. 18 long spinal needle was used and, to the best of
Gallbladder???-Intestinal Fistula with Stone Impaction and Radiogallium Uptake
Authors: GARY M. LEVINE, HAROLD B. HAWKINS, DOROTHY C. CINTI, RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

A woman with abdominal distress was found to have a gallbladder-to-duodenum fistula. The gallbladder filled with hepatobiliary agent and drained into the bowel. ACT examination showed a gallstone in the lower abdomen. A radiogallium examination demonstrated an intense right lower abdominal focus. The gallstone had impacted in the ileum, likely producing an inflammatory response.
Fashions in Medical Writing
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Retrospective surveys are fun. We all like to look at old newspapers or magazines, or go through museums and note how profoundly different are the fashions and tastes of bygone days. But how significant are the changes? When do they indicate something merely ephemeral, mere whim, and when do they indicate a basic alteration in the entire culture, its attitudes, philosophy, and mores? In the fine arts, for example, a change from representational to nonrepresentational art may indicate a massive cultural transformation in progress. Similarly, historians of literature may trace the evolution of cultural patterns in the changing literary style. In this essay I would like to indicate some of the changing fashions in medical writing in the past three centuries, changes which, I believe, reflect an underlying cultural transformation. Seventeenth-century prose seems rather extravagant to our modern ears. Among the better prose writers of the century there were certain similarities of style. As is
Expression of a transgenic T cell receptor beta chain enhances collagen-induced arthritis.
Authors: L Mori, H Loetscher, K Kakimoto, H Bluethmann, M Steinmetz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

SWR/J transgenic (tg) mice were generated expressing the TCR beta chain derived from an anticollagen type II (CII) arthritogenic T cell clone. The SWR/J strain was selected because it is resistant to collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and lacks the V beta gene segment used by the T cell clone. Expression of the tg beta chain on all thymocytes and peripheral lymph node T cells led to a more efficient anti-CII immune response, but did not confer CIA susceptibility to SWR/J mice. Nevertheless, this tg beta chain enhanced predisposition to CIA as (DBA/1 x SWR) F1 beta tg mice were more susceptible than normal F1 littermates. Our results demonstrate that the expression of the tg beta chain contributes to CIA susceptibility, but by itself it is not sufficient to overcome CIA resistance in the SWR/J strain.
PLASMA FIBRINOLYSIS IN MAN: THE EFFECT OF CHYLOMICRONS DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT DIETARY FATS
Authors: John W. Farquhar, Thomas C. Merigan, Maurice Sokolow
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1961)

The plasma fibrinolytic activity, measured in vitro, of 17 healthy normal young males was consistently and equally inhibited by prior ingestion of equal amounts of either a relatively saturated animal fat (butterfat) or a highly unsaturated vegetable fat (safflower oil). This effect was further studied by the addition of purified chylomicrons derived from ingestion of either butterfat, safflower oil, or egg yolk to an in vitro system. The inhibitory effect was quantitatively similar in all experiments despite wide variations in composition of the fed fat and pronounced differences in fatty acid composition of the lipids of the chylomicrons. It seems reasonable to suggest from our data that the proteins and the nonfatty acid portions of the chylomicron phospholipids may be important determinants of the inhibitory effect of chylomicrons on fibrinolysis.
Treatment of Unresectable and Metastatic Hepatoblastoma: A Pediatric Oncology Group Phase II Study
Authors: Howard M. Katzenstein, Wendy B. London, Edwin C. Douglass, Marleta Reynolds, Jack Plaschkes, Milton J. Finegold, Laura C. Bowman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To estimate the disease-response rate, proportion of patients whose tumors can be made resectable, event-free survival (EFS), and toxicity in children with unresectable or metastatic hepatoblastoma (HB) after sequential treatment with the following: (1) carboplatin (CARBO); (2) CARBO, vincristine, and fluorouracil (CARBO-VCR-5-FU); and (3) high-dose cisplatin and etoposide (HDDP-ETOP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-three assessable patients with stage III (n = 22) and stage IV (n = 11) HB were treated sequentially with one course of CARBO (700 mg/m 2 ), followed by three courses of CARBO (700 mg/m 2 ), day 0; 5-FU (1,000 mg/m 2 /d), by continuous infusion days 0 to 2; and VCR (1.5 mg/m 2 ), days 0, 7, and 14. After that therapy, patients whose tumors were resectable underwent surgery and then received two additional courses of CARBO-VCR-5-FU. Children whose tumors remained unresectable after CARBO-VCR-5-FU or who demonstrated no response or progressive disease during this therapy received two courses of HDDP (40 mg/m 2 /d), days 1 to 5; and ETOP (100 mg/m 2 /d), days 2 to 4. RESULTS: Five-year EFS estimates were 59% ± 11% for stage III disease (n = 22) and 27% ± 16% for stage IV disease (n = 11), respectively (P = .037). Twenty-seven (82%) of 33 patients had at least a partial response to chemotherapy; 18 (55%) of 33 responded to CARBO; 24 (80%) of 30 responded to CARBO and CARBO-VCR-5-FU; and nine (75%) of 12 responded to HDDP-ETOP. Surgical resection was achieved in 19 (58%) of 33 patients, including 15 (68%) of 22 stage III patients and four (36%) of 11 stage IV patients. Five-year EFS for patients whose tumors were completely resected was 79% ± 10%. CONCLUSION: Patients treated sequentially with CARBO, CARBO-VCR-5-FU, and HDDP-ETOP had response rates and EFS comparable to other therapeutic regimens. This regimen is effective in treating localized, unresectable HB and potentially has less toxicity than other regimens. Novel approaches are needed for patients with metastatic disease.
A Dynamically Regulated 14–3–3, Slob, and Slowpoke Potassium Channel Complex in Drosophila Presynaptic Nerve Terminals
Authors: Yi Zhou, W.Michael Schopperle, Heather Murrey, Angela Jaramillo, Daniel Dagan, Leslie C. Griffith, Irwin B. Levitan
Journal: Neuron (1999)
Historical perspectives on the impact of n-3 and n-6 nutrients on health
Authors: Bill Lands
Journal: Progress in Lipid Research (2014)

Current public advice from the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) about essential fatty acids (EFA) has limited quantitative details about three processes: (1) similar dynamics for n-3 linolenic and n-6 linoleic polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in maintaining 20- and 22-carbon n-3 and n-6 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) in tissues; (2) different dynamics for tissue n-3 and n-6 HUFA during formation and action of hormone-like eicosanoids; (3) simultaneous formation of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) from very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) formed from excess food energy and secreted by the liver. This report reviews evidence that public health may benefit from advice to eat less n-6 nutrients, more n-3 nutrients and fewer calories per meal. Explicit data for linoleic acid fit an Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) near 0.1 percent of daily food energy (en%) meeting needs of half the individuals in a group, a Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) near 0.5 en% meeting needs of 97–98 percent of individuals, and a Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) near 2 en% having no likely risk of adverse health effects. Quantitative tools help design and monitor explicit interventions that could beneficially replace imprecise advice on "healthy foods" with explicit preventive nutrition.
C-type Lectin MCL Is an FcRγ-Coupled Receptor that Mediates the Adjuvanticity of Mycobacterial Cord Factor
Authors: Yasunobu Miyake, Kenji Toyonaga, Daiki Mori, Shigeru Kakuta, Yoshihiko Hoshino, Akiko Oyamada, Hisakata Yamada, Ken-ichiro Ono, Mikita Suyama, Yoichiro Iwakura, Yasunobu Yoshikai, Sho Yamasaki
Journal: Immunity (2013)
Good intentions are not enough
Authors: J. S Tobias
Journal: BMJ (1995)

In 1987 a young American journalist, leafing through files tucked away in a military archive, unexpectedly turned up evidence of deliberate injections of radioactive plutonium in unsuspecting patients. She telephoned the Los Alamos National Laboratory, was patted on the head, but refused to be reassured. This low key but quietly dramatic encounter is typical of the doggedly persistent style of American investigative journalism which uncovered Watergate; it proved the jumping off point for Deadly Experiments, a shocking expose of unauthorised (and unethical) radiation studies carried out during the 1940s and ‘50s.

No room for complacency here: these were not just madcap American scientists, Strangelove-style boffins overstepping the mark somewhere in the remote New Mexico desert. It …
Herbal drugs and public choice
Authors: M. McIntyre, G. Lewith, A. Flower, S. Price
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) and the Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products Directive (THMPD) do not promote herbal drugs or mislead consumers; they seek quality control and safety of herbal drugs.1 The THMPD does not guarantee efficacy; it describes traditional use. By granting traditional herbal registrations, the MHRA enables the provision of quality controlled herbal drugs that have a history of safe use.

Given the widespread use of herbal …