tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Systemic and Coronary Hemodynamic Effects of Diazepam in Patients with Normal and Diseased Coronary Arteries
Authors: PIERRE CÔTÉ, PASCAL GUÉRET, MARTIAL G. BOURASSA
Journal: Circulation (1974)

In 12 patients with significant coronary artery disease (group I) and in eight patients with normal coronary arteries (group II), 5 to 8.5 mg of diazepam was given intravenously before coronary angiography. Adequate sedation was obtained in 17 patients. Hypoventilation occurred in all patients but was without clinical correlate. Coronary and cardiovascular effects were assessed before as well as 10 and 20 min after diazepam. Heart rate was unchanged and aortic pressure (AP) decreased significantly ( P &lt; 0.01) in most patients. Cardiac index decreased only in patients of group II ( P &lt; 0.01). Of particular interest was a constant fall in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) in both groups, ( P &lt; 0.01) and ( P &lt; 0.05) at 10 and 20 min respectively in group I and ( P &lt; 0.01) at 10 and 20 min in group II. Tension-time index and myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO 2 ) were also significantly decreased ( P &lt; 0.05) after diazepam in both groups. Since neither coronary blood flow nor coronary vascular resistance were modified by diazepam, the fall in LVEDP could be due to a decrease in AP (afterload) and/or in venous return (preload). The combination of these effects could reduce intra-cavitary volume, myocardial wall tension and left ventricular MVO 2 . Our data therefore suggest that, in addition to its central sedative effects, diazepam also has a nitroglycerin-like action on the coronary and systemic circulation.
1051-133 Localized combinatorial interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 gene therapy readjusts the balance of endogenous Th1/Th2 cytokines and induces the tolerance of cardiac allografs
Authors: Hiroshi Furukawa, Kiyohiro Oshima, Thomas C Tung, Hyde Russell, Guanggen Cui, Hillel Laks, Luyi Sen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
NOTES ON BIFOCAL SPECTACLES IN APHAKIA.Read in the Section on Ophthalmology, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: H. V. WÜRDEMANN
Journal: JAMA (1893)

The satisfaction expressed with bifocal glasses by hyperopes, whose presbyopia necessitated stronger convex lenses for reading, led me about a year and a half ago to advise this form of spectacles for aphakic patients. The conclusion reached seemed so natural to my mind that I believed, until I examined the literature of the subject, that the same idea must have occurred to many of my colleagues, and that such glasses must have been used for cataract patients, practically since the introduction of the cement bifocal. Due and strict search having been made nothing was found in the literature, and but little new was gathered from the manufacturing opticians concerning the trial of such glasses by other ophthalmists. The most appropriate form seems to be that in which the refractive value is made greater by cementing a semilunar shell to the lower part of the larger lens. On account of the
ADOLESCENT TETANY AND ITS RELATION TO GUANIDIN
Authors: F. J. Nattrass, J. S. Sharpe
Journal: BMJ (1921)

TnBDItUW 38 '3 DIAJORA cases of astlhma and commented on surgical interference in tthe nose.Dr. HAMILTON (Glasgow) regretted tlhat there lhad been no combination witlh the Section of Psyclhiatry in this discussion, as suggestion often played so important a part in the cure, and he considered that asthmlia in general practice was far more a nervc condition tllau he had been -led to believe that day.Dr. GREENFIELD (Rusliden) expressed the opinion that the cutaneous tests were too delicate for general practi- tioners, but tlhouglit peptone treatment would be usefu:l, and aslied for details.Dr. JOHN STENHOUSE (Toronto) related several cases of astlhma.He tlloughlt that the diseasa was probably due to toxic products.Dr. JOHIN F. WALKIER (Soutliend-on-Sea) asked for in- formation as to the utility of tlle oplhtlhalmic reaction, and expressed the opinion tllat information obtained by general practitioners in this condition slhould be collected in some way for consideration by experts.Dr. FREEMAN and Dr. Gow replied to various questions dealing witli the oplhtlhalmic reaction and peptone treat- iment respectively, and Sir HUMPHRY ROLLESTON summed up the main points of the discussion.Dezonstlatlions.In the afternoon a demonstration of the skin reactions in asthma was giveni by Dr.-MACKENZIE WALLIS in the Patlhological Departmnent.At tlhe Royal Infirmary, in addition to vard demonstrations by the lhonorary medical staff, the following were demonstrated: Thle negative pressure in the pericardium, by Dr. G. ARBOUR STEPHENS; the treatment of tuberculosis with an attenuated tubercle vaccine, by Dr. NATHAN RAW; -the value of tuberculin in tlhe treatment of bone tuberculosis, by Dr. W. CAMAC
Relationship between reproductive success and male plasma vitellogenin concentrations in cunner, Tautogolabrus adspersus.
Authors: Lesley J Mills, Ruth E Gutjahr-Gobell, Doranne Borsay Horowitz, Nancy D Denslow, Marjorie C Chow, Gerald E Zaroogian
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

The gene for vitellogenin, an egg yolk protein precursor, is usually silent in male fish but can be induced by estrogen exposure. For this reason, vitellogenin production in male fish has become a widely used indicator of exposure to exogenous estrogens or estrogen mimics in the aquatic environment. The utility of this indicator to predict impacts on fish reproductive success is unclear because information on the relationship between male plasma vitellogenin and reproductive end points in male and female fish is limited. In the research reported in this article, we investigated whether the presence of male plasma vitellogenin is a reliable indicator of decreased reproductive success in mature fish. Adult and sexually mature male and female cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus) were exposed to 17ss-estradiol, ethynylestradiol, or estrone, three steroidal estrogens that elicit the vitellogenic response. Data were gathered and pooled on egg production, egg viability, egg fertility, sperm motility, and male plasma vitellogenin concentrations. All males, including two with plasma vitellogenin levels exceeding 300 mg/mL, produced motile sperm. Neither percent fertile eggs nor percent viable eggs produced by reproductively active fish demonstrated a significant correlation with male plasma vitellogenin concentrations. Male gonadosomatic index and average daily egg production by females showed significant, but weak, negative correlation with male plasma vitellogenin concentrations. Results suggest that male plasma vitellogenin expression is not a reliable indicator of male reproductive dysfunction in adult cunner exposed to estrogens for 2-8 weeks during their reproductive season, at least in relation to capacity to produce motile sperm or fertilize eggs. Male plasma vitellogenin expression may serve as an indicator of reduced female reproductive function caused by estrogen exposure.
Innervation of the human cardiac conduction system. A quantitative immunohistochemical and histochemical study.
Authors: S J Crick, J Wharton, M N Sheppard, D Royston, M H Yacoub, R H Anderson, J M Polak
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Cardiac conduction is influenced by peptidergic mechanisms as well as classic neurotransmitters. The distribution of peptide-containing nerves has not been well defined. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunofluorescence and histochemical techniques were used to visualize the innervation of the human conduction system and to distinguish nerve subpopulations according to their peptide and enzyme content. Nerve fibers and fascicles displaying immunoreactivity for protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) were more numerous in the sinus and atrioventricular nodes than in the penetrating bundle, bundle branches, and adjacent myocardium. The relative density of innervation was greater in the central region of the sinus node than in the peripheral regions. Nerve densities were also higher in the transitional region of the atrioventricular node compared with its compact region. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-positive nerves were the main subtype identified in the sinus and atrioventricular nodes, representing half to two thirds of the stained area occupied by PGP 9.5-immunoreactive nerves. Neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive nerves represented the main peptide-containing subpopulation and occurred throughout the conduction system, displaying a similar pattern of distribution and relative density to those demonstrating tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity. Nerve fibers showing immunoreactivity for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, somatostatin, substance P, or calcitonin gene-related peptide exhibited distinct patterns of distribution and comprised a relatively minor component of the innervation, the percentage of stained area being 10- to 40-fold lower than that occupied by neuropeptide Y- and PGP 9.5-immunoreactive nerves, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The innervation of human conduction tissues exhibits significant regional variation and comprises putative parasympathetic nerves and intrinsic neurons (AChE positive), sympathetic efferent nerves (neuropeptide Y- and tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive nerves), and other peptide-containing nerves, some of which (substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide containing) are considered to represent afferent nerves. Locally released peptides may be involved in the neural modulation of the human conduction system.
INFANTILE ECZEMA: OBSERVATIONS ON NATURAL HISTORY AND PROGNOSIS
Authors: MARY VOWLES, ROBERT P. WARIN, JOHN APLEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1955)

Journal Article INFANTILE ECZEMA: OBSERVATIONS ON NATURAL HISTORY AND PROGNOSIS Get access MARY VOWLES, M.B. Ch.B., D.C. H., MARY VOWLES, M.B. Ch.B., D.C. H. Consultant Dermatologist, Department of Chilil Health, University of Bristol, and Unitpil Bristol Hospitals Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ROBERT P. WARIN, M.D., M.R.C.P., ROBERT P. WARIN, M.D., M.R.C.P. Consultant Dermatologist, Department of Chilil Health, University of Bristol, and Unitpil Bristol Hospitals Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar JOHN APLEY, M.D., M.R.C.P. JOHN APLEY, M.D., M.R.C.P. Consultant Paediatrician, Department of Chilil Health, University of Bristol, and Unitpil Bristol Hospitals Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 67, Issue 2, 1 February 1955, Pages 53–59, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1955.tb12687.x Published: 01 February 1955
Where patients with cancer die in Cuba
Authors: Alfredo A Espinosa-Roca, Alfredo D Espinosa-Brito, Eduardo Fernández-Casteleiro, Teresita Sabatés-Llerandi
Journal: BMJ (2006)

One-time general consent for research on biological samples Opt out system for patients is optimal and endorsed in many countriesEditor-Wendler's valuable overview of empirical studies of patients' preferences about the use of residual (leftover) tissue for research is not complete. 1 The discussion has already been settled by legislation in many countries.In 2004 the Danish act on patient rights was amended with an opt out system for using residual tissue for research.In 2004 the US Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP) issued guidance that research on residual tissue which is anonymous to the researcher is not human subject research and therefore the tissue can be used without consent. 2Earlier the Dutch Federation of Medical Research Societies' code of conduct on research with residual tissue drafted with patients' organisations had an opt out system for research on samples anonymous to the researcher. 3 In the recent UK Human Tissue Act no form of consent is needed for the use of fully anonymous or coded (or linked) residual tissue that is anonymous to the researcher, provided that an ethical review board has permitted the study.The more restrictive provisions in the original bill were amended also because of pressure from patient groups afraid that research to their benefit would be hampered by the proposed consent system.Wendler emphasises autonomy and argues that one-time consent protects the autonomy of individuals and protects them from serious risks.There are two major arguments against this.Firstly, autonomy should be balanced against other values such as the interests of patients who might benefit from this research. 4 Secondly, autonomy as such cannot protect individuals from risks but only from risks they do want to carry.Research on residual tissue, whether anonymous or anonymously used and being coded, does not carry any risks to individuals.Ethical review boards should oversee that sufficient measures have been taken to ensure that the samples used in research remain anonymously used.It should be possible to enrich data from tissue research with patient data.Fully anonymising samples, as suggested by Wendler, is a waste of valuable information.
Listening to Prozac: A Psychiatrist Explores Antidepressant Drugs and the Remaking of the Self
Authors: C Elliott
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Imagine yourself transformed by a pill. Where once you were hesitant, shy, and self critical, now you are confident and self assured. Once driven by guilt and obligation, prone to doomed, self destructive relationships, now you find yourself relaxed and composed, able to joke and laugh at yourself.

Now you stop taking the pill, and you change again. Your self returns. But it's not the same as before. You don't feel like yourself, despite the fact that these habits and traits of character were yours for a lifetime before you took the drug. What would this experience tell you? Which is your “self” - the one on the drug, or the one off it? Is …
Pass Him Around.
Authors: Wakeman Ryan
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Benton Harbor, Mich., Aug. 5th, 1893. <h3>To the Editor</h3> :—Dear Sir—It may be outside the province ofThe Journalto publish "dead beats," but, if you think it worth while I would like to warn the fraternity against one C. H. Warner, who claims to be a poor doctor from Florida going to relations in the North, but his wife being taken sick on the way, his money was used up, and he is unable to go on with his sick wife and three small children. This story seldom fails to secure enough from sympathetic physicians and dentists (whom he also works) to enable him to go on (probably) toward the " Fair." He refers to Friendship Lodge K. of P. of Gainsville, Fla. for his standing as a gentleman, but there is no such lodge, and the Mt. Vernon Lodge, No. 20 of that city know of no such man.
Setting objectives for the NHS Commissioning Board
Authors: A. Dixon, C. Ham
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The draft mandate must be rewritten if it is to be fit for purpose

One of the principal aims of England’s Health and Social Care Act 2012 is to distance politicians from the day to day management of the NHS. This aim is being pursued by the creation of the NHS Commissioning Board, which will take responsibility for allocating resources to clinical commissioning groups and commissioning some services directly. Government critics have described the board as “the greatest quango in the sky” because of its major role in the new system, overseeing how £80bn (€100bn; $126bn) of public money is spent and employing 3500 staff drawn mainly from the Department of Health and the NHS.1 The board will work under a mandate from the secretary of state for health, setting out his objectives and priorities for the NHS. The government published the draft mandate in July 2012 and is now consulting on it and seeking views on how it can be strengthened.2

The government intends that the mandate should establish clear and transparent expectations of the NHS and form the basis on which the commissioning board is held to account. It will be a document that sets ambitions for improving outcomes over a period of years. …
Draft EU legislation threatens patient safety, says BMA
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Draft legislation designed to make it easier for a wide range of professions in the services sector to work anywhere in the European Union would pose a serious threat to health safeguards for patients and to the NHS, the BMA claimed last week.

The BMA fears that the proposed services directive, tabled by the European Commission earlier this year, would limit the ability of individual member states to set their own standards, clinical guidelines, and qualification rules for doctors and other health professions working within their borders.

Under the “country of origin” principle …
Abstract 3613: Down regulation of LIM kinase1 enhances taxane sensitivity of cancer cells
Authors: Richard Ottman, Ratna Chakrabarti
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Taxane compounds, such as docetaxel and paclitaxel, are microtubule-targeted tubulin-polymerizing agents and have proven to be the first line of treatment choice for castration-resistant prostate cancer and tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells. However resistance to taxane compounds develops commonly due to altered beta tubulin isotypes or development of multidrug resistance (MDR) through activation of p-glycoprotein drug efflux pump. In addition there are serious side effects and systemic toxicity encountered with docetaxel treatment. There is a need to enhance the efficacy of the taxane compounds by identifying novel targets, inhibition of which would induce mitotic arrest and apoptosis. LIM kinase1 (LIMK1) is a serine/threonine kinase, which coordinates microtubule stability and reorganization of actin cytoskleton through inactivating phosphorylation of cofilin, and is involved in regulation of the mitotic process. LIMK1 is overexpressed in breast and prostate tumors and in breast and prostate cancer cells in culture. Ectopic expression of LIMK1 promotes altered cell cycle progression and mitotic defects. Furthermore, LIMK1 expression prevents normal cellular response to paclitaxel in prostate epithelial cells, such as metaphase arrest and retarded cell growth. In this study, we show that ectopic expression of LIMK1 in BPH-1 cells decreased cytotoxic effects of paclitaxel through reduction of the number of apoptotic cells. Cell viability analysis using MTT assay showed that LIMK1 expressing cells maintained a higher viable cell density compared to control cells following paclitaxel treatment. LIMK1 expression in BPH-1 cells also increased BCL2 expression and decreased translocation of BAX to mitochondria compared to control cells. siRNA-induced down regulation of LIMK1 expression increased docetaxel sensitivity of breast and prostate cancer cells. Flow cytometric analysis of LIMK1 siRNA treated cells showed increased percentage of apoptotic cells compared to control RNA treated cells. Western blot analysis showed increased cleavage of apoptotic markers PARP, caspase 3 and caspase 9 in LIMK1 shRNA transfected prostate cancer cells upon docetaxel treatment compared to cells transfected with scrambled shRNA. Our study suggests that targeted inhibition of LIMK1 expression may potentiate the effects of taxane compounds on breast and prostate cancer cells. This study will have a broad impact on management of castration-resistant prostate and tamoxifen-resistant/ER-apha negative breast cancer cells with increased sensitivity of taxane compounds at a lower dose and hence less systemic toxicity, which could be applicable to other types of cancers as well. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3613. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3613
US federal funded website bans “abortion” as search term
Authors: Bob Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The world’s largest database for reproductive health, which is funded by the US Agency for International Development (USAID), last week made it impossible to search its contents for the word “abortion.” But the volume of complaints when it came to light forced it to reverse the decision.

The explanation given for the ban by the administrator of the website, which is called Popline (population information online) was that because the project was funded by federal money it was thought “best for now.”

Under the US president, George Bush, USAID has been banned from giving funds to any foreign organisation that performs, refers, or counsels on abortion, regardless of whether abortion is legal …
Neuroprotective effects of gelsolin during murine stroke
Authors: Matthias Endres, Klaus Fink, Jinmin Zhu, Nancy E. Stagliano, Vimala Bondada, James W. Geddes, Toshifumi Azuma, Mark P. Mattson, David J. Kwiatkowski, Michael A. Moskowitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Increased Ca2+ influx through activated N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCC) is a major determinant of cell injury following brain ischemia. The activity of these channels is modulated by dynamic changes in the actin cytoskeleton, which may occur, in part, through the actions of the actin filament–severing protein gelsolin. We show that gelsolin-null neurons have enhanced cell death and rapid, sustained elevation of Ca2+ levels following glucose/oxygen deprivation, as well as augmented cytosolic Ca2+ levels in nerve terminals following depolarization in vitro. Moreover, major increases in infarct size are seen in gelsolin-null mice after reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion, compared with controls. In addition, treatment with cytochalasin D, a fungal toxin that depolymerizes actin filaments, reduced the infarct size of both gelsolin-null and control mice to the same final volume. Hence, enhancement or mimicry of gelsolin activity may be neuroprotective during stroke.
Correlated rates of synonymous site evolution across plant genomes
Authors: A. Eyre-Walker, B. S. Gaut
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

Synonymous substitution rates have been shown to vary among evolutionary lineages of both nuclear and organellar genes across a broad range of taxonomic groups. In animals, rate heterogeneity does not appear to be correlated across nuclear and mitochondrial genes. In this paper, we contrast substitution rates in two plant groups and show that grasses evolve more rapidly than palms at synonymous sites in a mitochondrial, a nuclear, and a plastid gene. Furthermore, we show that the relative rates of synonymous substitution between grasses and palms are similar at the three loci. The correlation in synonymous substitution rates across genes is particularly striking because the three genes evolve at very different absolute rates. In contrast, relative rates of nonsynonymous substitution are not conserved among the three genes.
Care of the Critically III Patient
Authors: Richard W. Carlson
Journal: JAMA (1992)

As the discipline has grown and matured within recent years, books on critical care medicine have proliferated. Several textbooks, updates, reviews, series, and handbooks are now available to practitioners of this multidisciplinary and multispecialty endeavor. Some volumes are aimed at a particular audience—medical intensive care, pediatric critical care, trauma, etc. However, only a few authors and editors attempt to produce texts that have the scope to appeal to a broad-based group of acute care clinicians. The second edition of<i>Care of the Critically Ill Patient</i>, edited by Jack Tinker and Warren Zapol, should appeal to all specialists who practice in the intensive care setting. The editors indicate that the approach used for both editions has been systematic. Topics are presented within a framework of applied physiology. However, the emphasis is clinical, and the text is very readable. In this sense, the book is likely to be more helpful as a