tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
International AIDS Conference Stresses Union Between Prevention and Treatment
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Epidemiology and costs of COPD
Authors: P. D. Blanc, J. R. Balmes
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

To the Editors: 

The lead article in the series “The global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease”, on the epidemiology and costs of COPD, touched briefly on the subject of occupational factors in the section on “tobacco and other causes” of the disease 1. One of the four citations noted in that discussion was in reference to a report on smoking, occupational and demographic characteristics in a population-based sample of >1,000 elderly Finns, carried out in 1990–1991 2. This study was cited to support the following statement: “It is likely that the interaction between occupational exposure and other risk factors determines whether an individual develops COPD.” 2

Having …
AID-induced T-lymphoma or B-leukemia/lymphoma in a mouse BMT model
Authors: Y Komeno, J Kitaura, N Watanabe-Okochi, N Kato, T Oki, F Nakahara, Y Harada, H Harada, R Shinkura, H Nagaoka, Y Hayashi, T Honjo, T Kitamura
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY AND ANTIBODY RESPONSES IN THE RESPIRATORY TRACT AFTER LOCAL AND SYSTEMIC IMMUNIZATION
Authors: Robert H. Waldman, Christopher S. Henney
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

The cell-mediated immune response on the secretory surface of the lower respiratory tract was investigated and compared to the systemic cell-mediated immune response and to the secretory and systemic antibody responses. Guinea pigs were immunized either parenterally or locally with dinitrophenylated human IgG. The effect of rendering animals tolerant on the local cell-mediated response and on the local antibody response was also studied. The antibody response in the bronchial washing fluids was predominantly of the IgA class. In the animals rendered tolerant by administering large doses of the antigen intravenously, the secretory antibody response was significantly reduced to about 40% of the levels in the animals which were not tolerant. Cellular immunity was assayed using the inhibition of macrophage migration. In animals which were immunized subcutaneously, splenic lymphocytes strongly inhibited the migration of normal guinea pig macrophages; however cells obtained from bronchial washings from the same animals exhibited little or no inhibition of macrophage migration in the presence of antigen. In the animals which were immunized by nose drops, splenic lymphocytes showed virtually no inhibition of macrophage migration; however, bronchial washing lymphocytes strongly inhibited the migration of normal macrophages. Thus, nose drop immunization gave rise to a significantly greater local cellular immune response than did parenteral immunization. In those animals which were immunized by nose drops after a tolerizing dose of antigen, there was virtually no inhibition of macrophage migration by either the cells from the spleens or bronchial washings. Studies were done which demonstrated that a substance similar to macrophage-inhibition factor was liberated by the bronchial washing cells on incubation with the antigen. Studies were also done which indicated that secretory antibody played no role in the inhibition of macrophage migration when bronchial washing lymphocytes were used. Lymphocytes were purified from bronchial washings and were found to inhibit normal macrophage migration in the presence of antigen to the same extent that the mixed population of lymphocytes and pulmonary macrophages did. Thus this study supports the concept that local cellular immunity can be initiated independently of systemic cellular immunity.
The Corner Table in the VFW Hall
Authors: Mark S. Bauer
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A framework for three-dimensional navigation research
Authors: Kathryn J. Jeffery, Aleksandar Jovalekic, Madeleine Verriotis, Robin Hayman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract We have argued that the neurocognitive representation of large-scale, navigable three-dimensional space is anisotropic, having different properties in vertical versus horizontal dimensions. Three broad categories organize the experimental and theoretical issues raised by the commentators: (1) frames of reference, (2) comparative cognition, and (3) the role of experience. These categories contain the core of a research program to show how three-dimensional space is represented and used by humans and other animals.
Epidemic Influenza — Responding to the Expected but Unpredictable
Authors: Joseph Bresee, Frederick G. Hayden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

The number of U.S. cases of influenza-like illness has already exceeded the baseline for 7 weeks this season, and related hospitalizations and deaths are increasing. The causes of variability in the timing and severity of influenza epidemics are incompletely understood.
UK hospitals assess eye damage after solar eclipse
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Public health warnings about the dangers of looking at the sun with unprotected eyes during the solar eclipse earlier this month seem to have been heeded by most British viewers. Several thousand people rang helplines or attended special eclipse clinics after experiencing the event, but the number of cases of solar retinopathy reported by eye hospitals and units was lower than was widely feared. Almost a week after the eclipse, on 11 August, the BMJ has learned of at least 14 confirmed cases during inquiries to leading eye centres.

On Monday 16 August, Moorfields Eye Hospital in London reported six confirmed cases. Other totals were as follows: Birmingham Eye Hospital (five), Derbyshire Royal Infirmary's eye unit (three), and Bristol Eye Hospital (one suspected case). No confirmed cases were reported in any of the specialist …
Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy--a GP service.
Authors: J A Fisher, J G Surridge, C P Vartan, C A Loehry
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Since 1974 there has been an open endoscopy service available to general practitioners in the Bournemouth and Christchurch area. Patients are referred directly with a standard form. A retrospective comparison of requests for barium-meal examinations and for endoscopy by general practitioners showed that the reasons for referral were similar. Forty per cent of patients in each group showed no abnormality. Ulceration was found in 21.1% of patients who underwent endoscopy and 9.7% investigated by barium meal. Duodenitis or gastric erosions were found in a further 16% of endoscopies. More hiatus hernias and deformed duodenal caps were found at barium meal. Despite these differences the results of follow-up were similar.
RECIPE FOR EPILATING WAX
Authors: William Allen Pusey
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Epilation by means of an epilating wax is in many cases as satisfactory a way as any of handling cosmetically objectionable hairs. These epilating waxes are made usually of beeswax and rosin. They are commercially obtainable, but at high price. Because of the price to patients, I suggested to my assistant Dr. Theodore Cornbleet that he experiment with various mixtures until he got a satisfactory wax. A wax which is efficient for epilation, and which is in every way as satisfactory as commercial waxes, can be made of beeswax, one part by weight, and finely powdered rosin, four parts by weight. The wax is melted over a low fire and, after melting is complete, the powdered rosin is poured in. The heat is continued and the mass stirred gently until entirely melted; this requires from one to two minutes. For use it then needs to be molded. It is the
Study of Renal Vessels by Microdissection in Human Transplantation
Authors: E. M. Darmady, J. M. Offer, F. Stranack
Journal: BMJ (1964)

In our experience the onset of the vascular lesion does not give rise to the alarming signs associated with cellular rejection (toxic syndrome).Accordingly we have been unable to reverse the rejection process because it has been well established by the time signs of renal failure have occurred.In our whole series of 13 cases the longest survivals have received x-irradiation and the shortest survivals immunosuppressive drugs.
Dust mite allergens and asthma—A worldwide problem
Authors: Thomas A.E. Platts-Mills, Alaine L. de Weck, R. C. Aalberse, J. C. Bessot, B. Bjorksten, Edelbert Bischoff, J. Bousquet, J. E.M.H. Van Bronswijk, G. P. ChannaBasavanna, Martin Chapman, Matthew Colloff, Robert A. Goldstein, B. Guerin, Barbara Hart, Chein Soo Hong, Koji Ito, W. Jorde, Jens Korsgaard, J. Le Mao, Terumasa Miyamoto, Peter Lind, Henning Lowenstein, E. B. Mitchell, Andrew B. Murray, D. Nolte, Philip S. Norman, G. Pauli, H. R. Ranganath, Charles Reed, Jan Reiser, Geoffrey Stewart, Keven J. Turner, D. Vervloet, Tinghuan Wen
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1989)
Keratin 8 and 18 hyperphosphorylation is a marker of progression of human liver disease
Authors: Diana M. Toivola, Nam-On Ku, Evelyn Z. Resurreccion, David R. Nelson, Teresa L. Wright, Bishr M. Omary
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Keratin 8 and 18 (K8/18) phosphorylation plays a significant and site-specific role in regulating keratin filament organization, association with binding proteins, and modulation of cell cycle progression. Keratin hyperphosphorylation correlates with exposure to a variety of stresses in cultured cells and in mouse models of liver, pancreatic, and gallbladder injury, and it is found in association with mouse and human Mallory bodies. We asked whether K8/18 phosphorylation correlates with human liver disease progression by analyzing liver explants and biopsies of patients with chronic noncirrhotic hepatitis C virus (HCV) or cirrhosis. We also examined the effect of HCV therapy with interleukin-10 on keratin phosphorylation. Using site-specific antiphosphokeratin antibodies we found keratin hyperphosphorylation on most K8/18 sites in all cirrhotic liver explants tested and in most liver biopsies from patients with chronic HCV infection. Immunofluorescence staining of precirrhotic HCV livers showed focal keratin hyperphosphorylation and limited reorganization of keratin filament networks. In cirrhotic livers, keratin hyperphosphorylation occurred preferentially in hepatic nodule cells adjacent to bridging fibrosis and associated with increased stress kinase activation and apoptosis. Histological and serological improvement after interleukin-10 therapy was accompanied by normalization of keratin hyperphosphorylation on some sites in 7 of 10 patients. In conclusion, site-specific keratin phosphorylation in liver disease is a progression marker when increased and a likely regression marker when decreased.
Projected effects of tobacco smoking on worldwide tuberculosis control: mathematical modelling analysis
Authors: S. Basu, D. Stuckler, A. Bitton, S. A. Glantz
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objectives</b> Almost 20% of people smoke tobacco worldwide—a percentage projected to rise in many poor countries. Smoking has been linked to increased individual risk of tuberculosis infection and mortality, but it remains unclear how these risks affect population-wide tuberculosis rates. <b>Design</b> We constructed a state transition, compartmental, mathematical model of tuberculosis epidemics to estimate the impact of alternative future smoking trends on tuberculosis control. We projected tuberculosis incidence, prevalence, and mortality in each World Health Organization region from 2010 to 2050, and incorporated changing trends in smoking, case detection, treatment success, and HIV prevalence. <b>Results</b> The model predicted that smoking would produce an excess of 18 million tuberculosis cases (standard error 16-20) and 40 million deaths from tuberculosis (39-41) between 2010 and 2050, if smoking trends continued along current trajectories. The effect of smoking was anticipated to increase the number of tuberculosis cases by 7% (274 million <i>v</i> 256 million) and deaths by 66% (101 million <i>v</i> 61 million), compared with model predictions that did not account for smoking. Smoking was also expected to delay the millennium development goal target to reduce tuberculosis mortality by half from 1990 to 2015. The model estimated that aggressive tobacco control (achieving a 1% decrease in smoking prevalence per year down to eradication) would avert 27 million smoking attributable deaths from tuberculosis by 2050. However, if the prevalence of smoking increased to 50% of adults (as observed in countries with high tobacco use), the model estimated that 34 million additional deaths from tuberculosis would occur by 2050. <b>Conclusions</b> Tobacco smoking could substantially increase tuberculosis cases and deaths worldwide in coming years, undermining progress towards tuberculosis mortality targets. Aggressive tobacco control could avert millions of deaths from tuberculosis.
363 FREQUENT REACTIVATION OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS AMONG PATIENTS WITH HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA UNDERGOING INTENSIVE TRANSARTERIAL THERAPY: A PROSPECTIVE COMPARISON ANALYSIS
Authors: J.W. Jang, C.R. You, J.D. Kim, C.W. Kim, J.Y. Choi, S.H. Cho, J.Y. Han, J.M. Yang, S.W. Choi, C.D. Lee, Y.S. Lee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
1025. A PPT Promoter-Based Adenovirus with Two-Step Transcriptional Amplification (TSTA) for Experimental Prostate Cancer
Authors: Helena Dzojic, Wing-Shing Cheng, Magnus Essand
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The recombinant PPT sequence, comprising a PSA enhancer, a PSMA enhancer and a TARP promoter, is a potent prostate-specific regulatory sequence, that is transcriptionally active in human prostate cancer cells both in the presence and absence of testosterone. However, in experimental murine prostate cancer the PPT sequence is not active. Here we describe amplified transcriptional activity of PPT by using the two-step transcriptional amplification (TSTA) system. An adenovirus with TSTA-amplified PPT-controlled expression of the luciferase reporter gene was constructed, Ad[PPT/TSTA-Luc]. It has up to 100-fold higher transcriptional activity than a non-amplified PPT-based adenovirus in human prostate cancer cells without losing specificity. In addition, Ad[PPT/TSTA-Luc] confers prostate-specific transgene expression in murine cells, with an activity that is approximately 25% that of the constitutively active CMV promoter. This finding opens up for studies on prostate-specific oncolytic viruses in immunocompetent mice.
The Most Useful Gift: Altruism and the Public Policy of Organ Transplants
Authors: Robert McCabe
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In the early chapters of<i>The Most Useful Gift</i>, a book dealing with the growth and development of the cadaveric organ supply system for the transplant community, Jeffrey Prottas states, "Congress has been at the forefront of pressing for the socialization of the organ procurement system." As Prottas illustrates, this change in public policy was sought by the transplant surgeons, perhaps for ulterior motives, but fully supported by their patients to increase the supply of organs, promote equitable distribution of a scarce commodity, and legitimize the services. The End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) program, itself a precedent, mandated national health insurance for a specific illness, chronic renal failure. It was thus a natural sequel that organ donation likewise be socialized. As Prottas develops his material, based on his privately funded research into the subject, he shows how the Uniform Anatomical Gift Act in the 1960s and the National Transplant Act of
Maintaining functional islets through encapsulation in an injectable saccharide–peptide hydrogel
Authors: Sophia W. Liao, Jeffrey Rawson, Keiko Omori, Kohei Ishiyama, Davoud Mozhdehi, Alina R. Oancea, Taihei Ito, Zhibin Guan, Yoko Mullen
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Of mice, men, and elephants: Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell envelope lipids and pathogenesis
Authors: L. W. Riley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Mycolic acids and structures attached to them constitute a major part of the protective envelope of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and for this reason, their role in tuberculosis pathogenesis has been extensively studied. In this issue of the JCI, Rao et al. examine the effect of trans-cyclopropanation of oxygenated mycolic acids attached to trehalose dimycolate (TDM) on the murine immune response to infection (see the related article beginning on page 1660). Surprisingly, they found that an M. tuberculosis mutant lacking trans-cyclopropane rings was hypervirulent in mice. The recent recognition of a hypervirulence phenotype in mice associated with laboratory and clinical M. tuberculosis strains with altered cell wall components has provided new insights into how M. tuberculosis may establish persistent infection. However, to date, characterization of these bioactive products in pathogenesis has been largely reductionistic; the relationship of their effects observed in mice to the persistent infection and tuberculosis caused by M. tuberculosis observed in humans remains obscure.
Screening has halved incidence of cervical cancer in UK
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The number of diagnoses of cervical cancer in the United Kingdom has halved since the NHS’s cervical screening programme was introduced in 1988, the latest figures show.

Cancer Research UK says that the number of diagnoses of invasive carcinoma of the cervix fell from 16 per 100 000 in 1988 to eight per …
Chelation Therapy in Workers Exposed to Lead
Authors: Ruth Lilis
Journal: JAMA (1976)

THE ACCELERATED rate of development of modern technology has considerably expanded the range of possible occupational health hazards.  Unfortunately, other industrial health hazards known for centuries and extensively studied have not been completely eliminated, and disease continues to be seen.  Inorganic lead is probably one of the most obvious examples of such long-known occupational hazards. The detection of lead poisoning, its diagnosis, treatment, and possible long-term effects remain areas of scientific and practical interest; much progress has been achieved in the last two decades.  Chelation therapy in lead poisoning represented one such advance, and experience accumulated over 20 years has largely confirmed its effectiveness. 1   Among the various chelating agents, the polyaminocarboxylic acids and particularly edetate disodium calcium have emerged as the agents of choice for the treatment of lead poisoning.  Edetate disodium calcium has been shown, in terms of lead elimination and excretion, to be superior to both dimercaprol
Sexual Promiscuity Among Students
Authors: G. Grant
Journal: BMJ (1967)

continued uneventfully with polymln.Nine hours after the last dose of nalidixic acid the plasma level (kindly estimated by Bayer Products Company) was 114 ,ug./ml.and the urinary level 20 psg./ml.Four days later still these levels were 32 and 2.5 pig./ml.respectively.Newborn, and particularly immature infants, alter and excrete drugs much less quickly and efficiently than older children or adults, and the high plasma and low urine levels here are a reversal of normal adult findings, Buchbinder et al. giving a range of 3.9-31.2p'g./ml for plasma and 62.5-500 p'g./ml.for urine.2Gluck and Kulovich report only 9 % of the drug excreted after 24 hours in the newborn premature infant after a single test dose of 25 mg./kg.body weight, whereas at 21 days of life 80%b was excreted in 16 hours.3The toxic symp- toms associated with drugs in the first weeks of life are often not those recognized later, and a severe metabolic acidosis after treat- ment with nalidixic acid has not been reported previously as far as we know.Nalidixic acid is a naphthyridine derivative,4 and is excreted unchanged in the urine along with three metabolites, nalidixic acid glucuronide, hydroxynalidixic acid glucuronide, and dicarboxylic acid.5We are unable to say how this drug or its metabolites may have interfered with lactate metabolism in the infant described.-Weare, etc.,