tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Volume of Lymphatic Metastases Does Not Independently Influence Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: J. H. Wong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prognostic relevance of the volume of nodal metastatic disease in colorectal cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred node-positive patients with T2 or T3 carcinoma of the colon or rectum after routine histologic examination of the regional nodes were studied. The metastatic tumor was measured with an ocular micrometer, and the tumor volume was determined. RESULTS: The mean lymph node metastatic tumor volume was 5.1 ± 4.99 mm3 (range, 0.05 to 83,434 mm3). There was only a weak positive correlation with number of nodes involved with metastatic disease and tumor volume in nodes (r = .45). Median follow-up was 39 months (range, 1 to 87 months). The number of nodes was highly predictive of outcome. Individuals with one to three positive nodes had a substantially better survival than individuals with four or more positive nodes (P < .001). The volume of nodal metastatic disease correlated with outcome (P = .019). Patients dying as a result of disease had substantially greater mean metastatic nodal volume than those who were alive (3,705 v 1,783 mm3; P = .036). However, the total metastatic nodal volume did not, independent of positive nodes or number of positive nodes, predict outcome. Individuals with micrometastatic nodal volume did not have improved survival when compared with individuals with macrometastatic nodal volume (P = .79). CONCLUSION: The number of nodes involved with metastatic tumor, rather the volume of metastatic involvement of the regional lymph nodes, predicts outcome. These results suggest that micrometastatic disease may have a similar prognosis as macrometastatic disease when the same number of lymph nodes are involved with metastatic tumor.
Endothelial progenitor cell–derived microvesicles activate an angiogenic program in endothelial cells by a horizontal transfer of mRNA
Authors: Maria Chiara Deregibus, Vincenzo Cantaluppi, Raffaele Calogero, Marco Lo Iacono, Ciro Tetta, Luigi Biancone, Stefania Bruno, Benedetta Bussolati, Giovanni Camussi
Journal: Blood (2007)
Uptake of bile acids by perfused rat liver: Evidence of a structure-activity relationship
Authors: Rita Aldini, Aldo Roda, Patrizia Simoni, Pierluigi Lenzi, Enrico Roda
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

The hepatic extraction of unconjugated and taurine-conjugated bile acids, provided with different hydrophilicity values, has been measured in the perfused rat liver, in order to evaluate the role of the bile acid structure and bile acid hydrophilicity on their uptake by the liver. Ursocholic, cholic, ursodeoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic acids, free and taurine-conjugated, were injected into the portal vein in dose response studies, using a nonrecirculating perfusion system. For all of the bile acids, the uptake process showed saturation. In addition, a nonsaturable component was apparent in bile acids provided with the lowest hydrophilicity values, as expressed by the lowest values of the water to octanol partition coefficient. The maximum uptake velocity increased with increasing values of the partition coefficient, which in turn were associated with 7-OH alpha to beta epimerization, the presence of 12-OH in alpha position and taurine conjugation. The ratio of maximum uptake velocity to Km (Km being the half-saturation constant) appeared to be markedly increased by taurine conjugation and by 7-OH alpha to beta epimerization, whereas it was reduced by the presence of 12-OH in alpha position.
PæDIATRIC MEDICINE AND ITS RELATION TO GENERAL MEDICINE.
Authors: J. B. CASEBEER
Journal: JAMA (1883)

[Read in the Section on Diseases of Children, June, 1883.] Many of our most successful practitioners of medicine amongst the adult population have made signal failures when called upon to exhibit their skill in the treatment of tender children. We have often been pained by the remarks dropped from the lips of some physicians whom we were endeavoring to regard as sample practitioners, on account of the indifference manifested, and the slight degree of importance attached to their practice among the children, such as, “Well, you may give a few drops of ‘paregoric,’ or some ‘catnip tea,’ or most anything of that kind you may find convenient, as we cannot do much for children so young;” or, “Your mothers or ‘old women’ can treat young children as well as I or any physician can;” or, “I don't like to treat children, it is so unsatisfactory. They cannot tell how they
White blood cell activation in Raynaud's phenomenon of systemic sclerosis and vibration induced white finger syndrome.
Authors: C S Lau, A O'Dowd, J J Belch
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) and vibration induced white finger syndrome (VWF) are common causes of secondary Raynaud9s phenomenon. Previous studies have suggested an increase in inflammation in patients with SSc. Vibration induced white finger syndrome occurs in workers exposed to vibration and is now a prescribed disease. In VWF, although it is recognised that vibration can cause direct damage to blood vessels, it does not explain why only some workers are affected. It is possible that an inflammatory process develops in these patients in the same way as is seen in SSc. Leukotriene B4, produced mainly by polymorphonuclear cells, is a potent mediator of inflammation. The plasma thiol concentration shows the degree of oxidation of plasma and a decreased concentration indicates the increased production of free radicals which are capable of oxidative damage. In this work, the white blood cell (WBC) production of leukotriene B4 and plasma thiol concentrations were measured in patients with SSc and VWF. Fifty nine patients were studied: 34 had SSc and 25 had VWF. The results were compared with 25 matched normal controls and are expressed as the median and range. After stimulation of the polymorphonuclear cells with calcium ionophore A23187 (1 microgram/ml), patients with SSc and VWF were found to have significantly increased leukotriene B4 production (23.5 (14.4-44.0) and 26 (14.4-39.4) ng/10(6) cells, respectively) compared with normal controls (17.2 (6.0-38.0) ng/10(6) cells). The plasma thiol concentration was shown to be significantly lower in patients with SSc and VWF (445 (375-475) and 450 (417-510) mumol/l, respectively) compared with normal controls (480 (418-555) mumol/l). Our results show increased leukotriene B4 production and increased free radical activity in patients with SSc and VWF. Although previous indirect evidence has suggested increased WBC activity in patients with SSc, this is reported directly here for the first time. In addition, the possibility of an inflammatory process occurring in patients with VWF, as shown here, has not previously been studied. This may be a further mechanism to explain the poor circulation in the fingers of these patients.
Improving Emergency Medical Care
Authors: Eugene L. Nagel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

The delivery of advanced emergency medical care in the field has heretofore depended on highly trained and properly equipped technicians (paramedics) supervised by responsible and knowledgeable physicians. Recently, Eisenberg and his colleagues reported1 that paramedical services improved survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest over that obtained with basic-level emergency medical technicians (EMT's). They found that the initiation of paramedical services increased the proportion of patients who survived arrest and were admitted to the hospital from 19 to 34 per cent, and the proportion discharged from the hospital from 7 to 17 per cent. In this issue of the Journal, they . . .
Tetanus Antitoxin Skin Tests-Reply
Authors: Gilbert G. Eade
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I disagree with Dr. Kaufman's statement that "correct practice consists of obtaining a complete history of allergic conditions... and testing... by both the intradermal and conjunctival methods," because it implies that any deviation from his statement of procedure is incorrect practice. First of all, and unfortunately, a complete history of allergic conditions is not always obtainable in severe trauma, and it was stated in the first sentence of my article that the work referred particularly to "... those instances when a history pertinent to allergic sensitivity cannot be effectively elicited from patients...." Certainly as much information as possible should be obtained in this regard, but the fact that an allergic history is not complete does not make the effort incorrect. Secondly, with regard to testing procedures, standard references by authorities who treat acute trauma favor the skin test and do not specify that both the intradermal
Heart surgeons now using ultrasound intraoperatively
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Ultrasound probes are finding their way into the crowded arena of the chest during open heart surgery. The objective: to image the coronary arteries. Already ultrasound is being used intraoperatively in vascular, pancreatic, biliary tract, renal, and neurosurgery (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1982;247:3171-3174). The rationale for this investigational use, according to pediatric cardiologist David J. Sahn, MD, and surgical colleagues at the University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tucson, is that ultrasound aids decision making during surgery by demonstrating the number and severity of arterial obstructions present at that moment. This is useful, Sahn says, because although preoperative angiography "remains the gold standard," sometimes a patient may postpone an operation such as a triple bypass for several months. In the meantime, the disease progresses. When the patient is finally ready for surgery, Sahn says, "because the chest is going to be opened anyway, it's reasonable to spend a few minutes scanning
Ureteral Complications in the Renal Transplant Recipient after Laparoscopic Living Donor Nephrectomy
Authors: T. Florian Fuller, Serdar Deger, Annette Büchler, Jan Roigas, Bernd Schönberger, Dietmar Schnorr, Max Tüllmann, Stefan A. Loening, Markus Giessing
Journal: European Urology (2006)
The stimulation of PD-L1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes can both directly and indirectly enhance antileukemic immunity
Authors: S M Ahmad, I M Svane, M H Andersen
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2014)

Programmed death 1 (PD-1) is an inhibitory molecule expressed on the surface of T cells.The PD-1 ligand (PD-L1 (B7-H1)) is expressed on nonhematopoietic cells as well as antigenpresenting cells and placental cells located in an inflammatory microenvironment, as PD-L1 is in general upregulated by interferons.The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is thought to assure peripheral T-cell tolerance and is involved in controlling the proliferation and cytokine production of T cells. 1 PD-L1 has been described to be expressed on cancer cells in many different hematological malignancies, where it contributes to protection of the malignant cells from immune destruction. 2,3s an example, in aggressive B-cell lymphomas both malignant 0.21% 19.29% 0.10% 88.09%
Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis type IIIb: A case associated with Sturge-Weber and Klippel-Trenaunay syndromes
Authors: Andrea Diociaiuti, Beatrice Guidi, Josè Angel Aguilar Sanchez, Claudio Feliciani, Rodolfo Capizzi, Pierluigi Amerio
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2005)
Carcinogenicity of Lipid-Lowering Drugs
Authors: Thomas B. Newman
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To review the findings and implications of studies of rodent carcinogenicity of lipid-lowering drugs.Summaries of carcinogenicity studies published in the 1992 and 1994 Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR), additional information obtained from the US Food and Drug Administration, and published articles identified by computer searching, bibliographies, and consultation with experts.We tabulated rodent carcinogenicity data from the 1994 PDR for all drugs listed as "hypolipidemics." For comparison, we selected a stratified random sample of antihypertensive drugs. We also reviewed methods and interpretation of carcinogenicity studies in rodents and results of clinical trials in humans.All members of the two most popular classes of lipid-lowering drugs (the fibrates and the statins) cause cancer in rodents, in some cases at levels of animal exposure close to those prescribed to humans. In contrast, few of the antihypertensive drugs have been found to be carcinogenic in rodents. Evidence of carcinogenicity of lipid-lowering drugs from clinical trials in humans is inconclusive because of inconsistent results and insufficient duration of follow-up.Extrapolation of this evidence of carcinogenesis from rodents to humans is an uncertain process. Longer-term clinical trials and careful postmarketing surveillance during the next several decades are needed to determine whether cholesterol-lowering drugs cause cancer in humans. In the meantime, the results of experiments in animals and humans suggest that lipid-lowering drug treatment, especially with the fibrates and statins, should be avoided except in patients at high short-term risk of coronary heart disease.
Twin study shows cannabis makes moving to hard drugs more likely
Authors: Tony Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The chance of Dutch teenagers using hard drugs later in life is six times greater among those who use cannabis than among those who don't. This is the conclusion of a study from Amsterdam's Free University.

The authors of the study, which was published online ahead of print on 10 January in Behavior Genetics (http://www.springerlink.com, doi: 10.1007/s10519-005-9023-x), say that preventing teenagers under 18 using cannabis can be important in ensuring that they don't move to hard drugs later.

The study casts doubt on one of the main arguments underpinning the tolerant policy towards cannabis in the Netherlands. …
Hiatus Hernia with Esophagitis and Acute Hemorrhage
Authors: Richard H. Hood
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Severe hemorrhage occurred in 8 of 30 cases in which peptic esophagitis was accompanied by hiatal hernia. All cases were diagnosed by esophagoscopy. X-ray studies were not adequate and were some times misleading. The presence of the hiatal hernia was thought to permit the regurgitation of the acid-pepsin mixture from the stomach and thus to allow the erosive esophagitis with resultant hemorrhage to ensue. Seven of 8 cases were surgically managed by repair of the hiatal hernia, and there has been no recurrence of the hemorrhage in an 18-month followup period. This entity is important as a cause of serious upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Its medical and surgical treatment is discussed.
A statistical outlier
Authors: G. P Kalamangalam
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The man who strode in lightly could not have been older than 65. He sat down smartly. Of slim build, he had a full head of hair and wore no glasses. I checked his birth date on the chart: 1923. He was actually in his 80s. His presenting complaint was relatively minor, and we agreed no investigation or treatment was required. That freed up time to discuss his youthful looks.

“I take it you don’t smoke,” I announced.

“No, as a matter of fact, I do. …
Effect of desloratadine and loratadine on rhinovirus-induced intercellular adhesion molecule 1 upregulation and promoter activation in respiratory epithelial cells
Authors: Alberto Papi, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Luminita A. Stanciu, Klaus Degitz, Stephen T. Holgate, Sebastian L. Johnston
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2001)
Analysis of FOXO1 mutations in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Diane L. Trinh, David W. Scott, Ryan D. Morin, Maria Mendez-Lago, Jianghong An, Steven J. M. Jones, Andrew J. Mungall, Yongjun Zhao, Jacqueline Schein, Christian Steidl, Joseph M. Connors, Randy D. Gascoyne, Marco A. Marra
Journal: Blood (2013)
Resistin-like Molecule-β (relm-β) Influences Airways Epithelial Remodelling By Inducing Mucin And Transforming Growth Factor-β2 Gene Expression
Authors: C. Fang, Q. Meng, H.F. Wu, G.Z. Zhang, X.W. Zhang, Y. Song, T.H. Lee, C.J. Corrigan, S. Ying
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Elevated FDG Activity in Lymph Nodes as well as the Spleen and Liver in a Patient With Adult-Onset Still Disease
Authors: Liang Cai, Yue Chen, Zhanwen Huang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

A 66-year-old woman had fever, rash, and joint pain. Physical examination revealed multiple enlarged lymph nodes. A possibility of lymphoma was considered and FDG PET/CT was performed, which demonstrated elevated FDG activity not only in many lymph nodes but also in the spleen and liver. However, adult-onset Still disease was diagnosed, and the patient responded well to therapy.
Effect of acute hypoxia on the pulmonary conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II in dogs.
Authors: P Szidon, N Bairey, S Oparil
Journal: Circulation Research (1980)

We studied the effect of acute hypoxia on pulmonary conversion of angiotensin I to II in anesthetized dogs. When arterial PO2 was decreased from 86 +/- 14 (SD) to 33 +/- 8 mm Hg without changing pH or PCO2, the single passage conversion of intravenous boluses of radiolabeled angiotensin I in tracer doses fell significantly (P less than 0.005) from 72 +/- 4 to 67 +/- 6%. The effect of comparable levels of hypoxemia on the conversion of continuous intravenous infusions of pharmacological doses (1000 times physiological) of angiotensin I was greater: from 55 +/- 14 to 33 +/- 13% (P less than 0.025). There was prompt return of percent conversion ratios to control levels when hypoxemia was reversed. We conclude that acute hypoxia is associated with a reversible decrease in pulmonary angiotensin converting enzyme availability.
HYPEREMIA TREATMENT IN INFECTIONS OF THE BREAST
Authors: BERTRAM M. BERNHEIM
Journal: JAMA (1910)

A previous communication<sup>1</sup>was devoted to the use of hyperemia as applied to the various forms of infection, such as boils, carbuncles, bone-felons, etc., usually seen in a surgical dispensary. Since that time this method of treatment has been continued along the same lines and with the same uniform success. But perhaps the most striking and gratifying results have been obtained in infections of the breast, and it is these that I wish to report now. All grades of infections were treated, ranging from those of such severity that the patient was almost prostrated, down to the simple, but at times painful, caked breasts. Indeed, several patients were truly fit subjects for the hospital, but their absolute refusal to avail themselves of the privilege of the wards compelled us to treat them in the out-patient department. The routine treatment is about as follows: When the patient is seen early
Abstract 2210: Integration of preclinical and clinical studies to identify pharmacogenetic markers associated with paclitaxel-induced neuropathy.
Authors: Heather E. Wheeler, Cristina Rodriguez-Antona, Claudia Wing, Masaaki Komatsu, M. Eileen Dolan
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Paclitaxel is a tubulin-targeting agent used in the treatment of many cancers, including breast, lung, head and neck, and ovarian. Peripheral neuropathy is a common side effect of many chemotherapeutic agents, including paclitaxel, and limits their efficacy in patients. The overall goal of our work is to identify patients at risk for peripheral neuropathy using whole genome preclinical and clinical studies. Epstein-Barr virus transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) have emerged as a promising preclinical model system in the study of the genetics of drug toxicity because the cells provide a cost-effective testing system in which environmental factors such as concomitant medications can be controlled. Most importantly, publicly available genotype and sequencing data is available, to allow for genome-wide association studies between HapMap/1000 Genomes variants and pharmacologic phenotypes measured in the LCLs after drug treatment such as paclitaxel induced growth inhibition and apoptosis. The overall genetic architecture of paclitaxel-induced neuropathy is well captured by the cell-based models as evidenced by significant enrichment of paclitaxel-induced toxicity SNPs from the preclinical model in clinical genome-wide association studies of peripheral neuropathy. We utilized iCell Neurons, which are commercially available cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells, to study the effects of gene modulation on paclitaxel-induced cell growth inhibition using Cell Titer Glo and on neurite parameters of outgrowth, processes and branching using the ImageXpress Micro system. Through transient knockdown in iCell Neurons of RFX2, a gene identified through clinical and preclinical studies to be associated with paclitaxel neuropathy, sensitivity to paclitaxel increased as measured by a decrease of neurite outgrowth, processes and branching. The ability to identify cancer patients at risk of paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy could influence treatment choice, outcome and quality of life for breast, lung, head and neck, and ovarian cancer patients. This work was supported in part by NIH/NIGMS UO1GM61393. Citation Format: Heather E. Wheeler, Cristina Rodriguez-Antona, Claudia Wing, Masaaki Komatsu, M. Eileen Dolan. Integration of preclinical and clinical studies to identify pharmacogenetic markers associated with paclitaxel-induced neuropathy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2210. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2210
Survival Data of Renal Transplantations in Patients
Authors: Benjamin A. Barnes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

THE tabulations compiled by the Registry in Human Kidney Transplantation sponsored by the National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council and under the careful direction of Murray and his associates1 2 3 permit survival data of patients with renal grafts to be calculated by means of conventional technics.4 The published tables are based on worldwide experience with over 500 renal grafts at centers specializing in this technic, and the survival data derived have important implications for the future of isografts and allografts in renal disease, in other disease that may benefit from organ replacement and for the evaluation of artificial organs . . .
Liver and Brain Scans
Authors: Edward B. Silberstein
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The questions raised by the article "Indication for Liver and Brain Scans" by Wittes and Yeh (238: 506, 1977) are important ones. However, their methods appear inadequate for both liver and brain scans and should result in a number of false-negative tests. This, of course, would change the results and conclusions completely. Specifically, liver scanning should include a right lateral view at all times, since we have seen many cases in which this view provided the only clue to the presence of metastatic lesions. This is explained by the fact that the liver is a large organ, and foci of tumor located midway between the anterior and posterior surfaces may be missed on anterior and posterior scanning, as normal tissue surrounding a small tumor and emitting a high flux of γ rays may make detection of a "cold" spot difficult unless it is large. More importantly with