tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical and biological effects of balneotherapy with selenium-rich spa water in patients with psoriasis vulgaris
Authors: J. Pinton, H. Friden, N. Kettaneh-Wold, S. Wold, B. Dreno, A. Richard, T. Bieber
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Journal Article Clinical and biological effects of balneotherapy with selenium‐rich spa water in patients with psoriasis vulgaris Get access J. Pinton, J. Pinton Department of Dermatology, University of Tours, France. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Fridén, H. Fridén UMETRI Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. Kettaneh‐Wold, N. Kettaneh‐Wold Institute of Chemistry, Umea University, Umea, Sweden. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Wold, S. Wold Institute of Chemistry, Umea University, Umea, Sweden. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Dreno, B. Dreno Department of Dermatology, University of Nantes, France. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Richard, A. Richard La Roche‐Posay Laboratoire Pharmaceutique, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Bieber T. Bieber Department of Dermatology, Ludwig‐Maximilians University, Munich, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 133, Issue 2, 1 August 1995, Pages 344–347, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb02657.x Published: 01 August 1995
Death to all cliches
Authors: I. Forgacs
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

The President of the Society for the Abolition of Cliches writes...

There are no disciplines in which the cliche is more extant than in the medical profession. Few subspecialties are immune. Consider, for example, the most drastic cliche in the surgical lexicon: ‘Common things occur commonly’. Unsurprisingly, this cliche is so widespread as to afflict almost all surgeons within the writer's acquaintance. Yet what does it mean? The corollary is that ‘rare things rarely occur’. True enough but the fact is that if one spends one's diagnostic existence only considering the more common, one will totally fail to notice the rare. Stop thinking about a differential diagnosis say our surgeons, if it looks like appendicitis, it is appendicitis, as one of the other more favoured cliches goes, ‘until proved otherwise’. Clear message: stop thinking too hard about what may actually be wrong.

Physicians are far from immune. What nonsense is the ‘irregularly irregular’ pulse? Try actually explaining what this means to the undeniably intelligent and thoughtful medical student of today. Regularly irregular? Irregularly regular? It always has sounded highly irregular to me. I would have thought in the early 21st century it is most useful to have identified that the pulse does not feel quite right. If that is the case, why not call for an ECG machine...I mean basic cardiac electrophysiology is not exactly rocket science. And it may be rather more help in characterizing the problem with cardiac rhythm than a fingertip.

Stand up the consultant who has not heard, over the past week, at least one junior staff member of their team present a history in which the term ‘haemodynamically stable’ has been used to report of the findings on examination. Almost invariably, this is meant as a description of the pulse and blood pressure being normal on admission. Yet what does stability mean other than unvarying over time. We are all haemodynamically stable at any point in time—even on our death beds. Let us really stretch ourselves and state in the history what are the actual values of the pulse and blood pressure. I mean these days one does not actually have to do any more than read them off from a machine.

How about ‘poor historian’ to describe a patient who cannot give a clear account of their problems? How judgmental is that? If the Regius Professor of Modern History in the University of Oxford was admitted in a rather confused state and unable to give an account of his particular symptoms, he would still be one of the world's greatest historians. He would just not be able to give a clear description of why he was not feeling particularly well. There is no reason why doctors cannot just say what it is about their patient that makes it hard for them to give a clear account.

In the unlikely event that I remain ‘grossly normal’. Yours sincerely...
The effects of topical nasal steroids on rat respiratory mucosa <i>in vivo</i>, with special reference to benzalkonium chloride
Authors: Ø. H. Berg, K. Lie, S. K. Steinsvåg
Journal: Allergy (1997)

Fifty rats were treated with topical nasal steroids with and without the preservative benzalkonium chloride in their right nostril twice daily for 21 days, while the left nostrils were exposed to 0.9% NaCl. By cutting the noses serially in frontal sections, the structure of the mucosal lining of all parts of the nose could be investigated. Areas with squamous cell metaplasia were observed in all nostrils exposed to topical steroids containing benzalkonium chloride. Such alterations were not observed in any nasal cavities exposed to the topical nasal steroid without the preservative or to 0.9% NaCl. In conclusion, benzalkonium chloride appears to be potentially toxic to the mucosa in vivo.
10-minute consultation: Binge eating
Authors: D. Waller
Journal: BMJ (2001)

This is the second in a series of occasional articles on common problems in primary care A young woman has been binge eating for six months. She looks about normal weight, but she says she feels too fat. She is desperate for help to regain control of her eating. Ask about current methods of weight control —Is she dieting at the moment? Does she make herself sick after eating? If so, how often? Does she take laxatives or diuretics to lose weight? How much exercise does she do? Is this extreme? #### Definitions and criteria ##### Binge eating ##### Diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa
Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cancer Risk
Authors: Yong Q. Chen, Isabelle M. Berquin, Larry W. Daniel, Iris J. Edwards, Joseph T. O’Flaherty, Mike J. Thomas, Janet A. Tooze, Bob Wykle
Journal: JAMA (2006)

To the Editor: The systematic review of the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on cancer risk by Dr MacLean and colleagues1 concluded that dietary supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids is unlikely to prevent cancer. We would like to raise some of our concerns about this review.
NPY signaling inhibits extended amygdala CRF neurons to suppress binge alcohol drinking
Authors: Kristen E Pleil, Jennifer A Rinker, Emily G Lowery-Gionta, Christopher M Mazzone, Nora M McCall, Alexis M Kendra, David P Olson, Bradford B Lowell, Kathleen A Grant, Todd E Thiele, Thomas L Kash
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2015)
Relationship Between Driver's License Renewal Policies and Fatal Crashes Involving Drivers 70 Years or Older
Authors: David T. Levy
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To assess the relationship between state driver's license renewal policies and fatal crashes involving drivers aged 70 years or older (seniors). <h3>Design and Analysis.</h3> —Poisson regression methods were used to isolate the relationship between different state policies mandating vision tests, knowledge tests, or road tests for driver's license renewal and fatal crashes involving senior drivers. The analysis controlled for differences among states, other than their renewal policies, likely to influence senior motor vehicle crashes. <h3>Setting.</h3> —United States, 1985 through 1989. <h3>Participants.</h3> —All fatal crashes identified in the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Fatal Accident Reporting System involving at least one driver aged 70 years or older. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —The number of fatal crashes per state in which at least one of the drivers was aged 70 years or older. When a single fatal crash involved more than one senior driver, each was included. <h3>Results.</h3> —State-mandated tests of visual acuity, adjusted for license renewal period, were associated with lower fatal crash risk for senior drivers (relative risk, 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.89 to 0.97). Knowledge tests, when added to vision tests and applied only to seniors, provided a nonsignificant reduction in the senior fatal crash risk (relative risk, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.79 to 1.05). <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Tests of vision and knowledge for senior drivers at license renewal merit further attention as a means of improving senior traffic safety. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:1026-1030)
Genitourinary tract infections in pregnancy and low birth weight
Authors: R. Schultz, A. W Read, J. A Y Straton, F. J Stanley, P. Morich
Journal: BMJ (1992)

time to take effect.Our patients described their recovery in terms of a "cracked mirror" 10-15 minutes after the injection.Angiography was performed 60 minutes after injection and showed complete reopening.With regard to the adverse side effects mentioned by Pandit and Tiamiyu, cardiac arrhythmias were reported after longer administra- tion of higher doses of steroids (4x 30 mg/kg daily),' not after a single 1000 mg bolus, which is not a massive dose.Steroids are an effective measure against anaphylactic shock.4Are anaphy- lactoid reactions to steroids really common?We tried to show the effect of steroids on vessel walls and offered angiographic evidence that occluded vessels became completely perfused 60 minutes later.A steroid bolus seems to us to be a suitable emergency treatment that does not inter- fere with other drugs for this condition.Any other treatment may be given simultaneously or after- wards.
PACT data for dispensed drugs linked to NHS numbers are available now
Authors: T M MacDonald, J Parkinson, P G Davey, A D Morris, D G McDevitt, M M McGilchrist
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—The Information in Practice article by Majeed et al provided important insights into what can and cannot be obtained from prescribing analysis and cost (PACT) data.1 Their conclusion that the addition of the NHS number to prescriptions would not be feasible until all general practices are fully computerised, however, is incorrect. Since 1990 the Medicines Monitoring Unit has been adding the NHS number (formerly the community health number in Scotland) to all prescriptions for the Tayside region of Scotland (400 000 people) …
VOLUME EXCESS CAUSING HEART FAILURE WITH NORMAL EJECTION FRACTION IS A STRONG PREDICTOR OF MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH END STAGE RENAL DISEASE
Authors: Waqas Aftab, Padmini Varadarajan, Shuja Rasool, Juliana Gazallo, Ali Motabar, Hatem Ali, Arputharaj Kore, Michel DeVera, Ramdas Pai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Caring for the Wounded in Wartime
Authors: Roger O. Egeberg
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The sudden occupation of Kuwait by Iraq and the deployment of American troops to the Persian Gulf bring into focus the question, How well prepared are our medical corps for a potential war in that region? For an informed appraisal, I discussed this question with Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs Enriques Mendez, MD; Edward Martin, MD, his deputy; and William Mayer, MD, the previous assistant secretary. We now have in the Gulf, within 3 weeks of the time they were requested, two 1000-bed hospital ships, equipped as well as or better than our best civilian hospitals; each has 12 operating rooms ready for all emergencies. Their staff members were obtained by taking virtually the entire staffs of the Bethesda, Md, National Naval Medical Center and the Oak Knoll, Calif, Naval Medical Center and, within a few hours, putting them aboard these two hospital ships. The absent personnel were
Are Physicians Advising Smokers to Quit?
Authors: Frank R. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  During the 30 years I have been practicing medicine, I have had to endure many published articles telling us practicing physicians that we are not doing our job. Naturally, these articles are written by nonpracticing professionals. Their hubris is wondrous to behold.  Now, four guys from the Michigan Department of Health and the Centres for Disease Control send an article to JAMA , and some editor, who probably has never treated patients either, gives them four whole pages to tell us how to do it. 1   Smokers, alcoholics, and overeaters hear what they want to hear, not what they are told. One could get the impression, from reading this article, that we physicians are indifferent to the point of giving tacit approval to people with habit problems.  You would think that, after all these years, I would take this kind of advice philosophically, shrug my shoulders, and get
Carbon monoxide poisoning
Authors: E. Walker, A. Hay
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The onset of autumn and cooler weather traditionally heralds the start of another season in the northern hemisphere—the peak incidence of unintentional deaths from carbon monoxide. Each year around 50 people in the United Kingdom die from carbon monoxide poisoning, and a year ago the chief medical officer warned again of the dangers.1 As yet there is no evidence that the population is at any lesser risk.

Humans have been poisoned by carbon monoxide since they first discovered hydrocarbon fuels, incomplete combustion of which is the usual cause of poisoning. Napoleon's surgeon, Larrey, saw soldiers with carbon monoxide induced myonecrosis when billeted in huts heated by woodburning stoves. And over 60 years ago American physicians were warned that chronic carbon monoxide exposure could mimic many neurological conditions, such as “cerebral haemorrhage, encephalitis, multiple sclerosis, spastic paraplegia, chorea and tetany.”2 Throughout the world people continue to die unnecessarily from carbon monoxide exposure or to survive their encounter with disabling symptoms whose cause is misdiagnosed.

Carbon monoxide famously binds to haemoglobin over 200 times more strongly than oxygen, a strange evolutionary quirk explained by the tiny amounts of carbon monoxide produced naturally in the body by haem oxygenase and the need to have an efficient scavenging system for such a …
THE USE OF FLUORESCENT BILE ACIDS TO CHARACTERISE UPTAKE IN OESOPHAGEAL CELLS
Authors: F Quilty, F Majer, A Long, J Gilmer
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Bile acid presence in the refluxate has been implicated in the development of Barrett9s oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma. However the uptake and distribution of bile acids in the normal esophageal epithelium has not been properly characterised. The role of deoxycholic acid (DCA) in this context is especially important to understand. <h3>Aims/Background</h3> To study the uptake and distribution of bile acids in normal esophageal cell lines using the fluorescent analogs. To compare the uptake of free bile acids versus conjugated bile acids. To study the uptake of bile acids in cells exposed in a pulsative manner similar to GORD. To characterize this mode of transport of both the free bile acids and the conjugated bile acid. <h3>Method</h3> Bile acids analogs (10 µM) (3 mg dansyl DCA and 3 mg dansyl TDCA) were added to a chamber slide of Het1A cells and the images were obtained using a 63× objective on a Zeiss laser scanning confocal microscope. 3 mg NBD DCA was used to compare the transport of a different fluorescent bile acid and determine whether the fluorescent component affected the bile acid. Transport Experiment: Fluorescent bile acid (10 µM) was added to each well of a 48 well plate and left for 30 min. The supernatant was removed and the cells were washed twice with PBS. Equal volume of lysis buffer was added to the well and left for 30 min. This was removed and both the lysate and supernatant were run through HPLC and the fluorescent bile acid was quantified from the chromatogram. <h3>Results</h3> Fluorescent bile acids can rapidly enter epithelial cells in the oesophagus and achieve high concentration. The uptake of DCA is a mixture of active and passive transport that doesn9t follow Michaelis Menten kinetics. TDCA is passively transported into the cells with a decrease in transport from normal cells to Barrett9s to cancer. Bile acids accumulate to high concentration intracellularly when cells are repeatedly exposed to them at low concentrations as happens in gastroesophageal reflux disease. There is a proposed novel new mechanism of bile acid transport into epithelial cells via endocytosis through the caveolae which is influenced by EGFR. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In the context of the progression from normal squamous epithelial cells to a more dysplastic morphology, bile acids have been shown to play an important role. The ease of bile acid transport and potential to accumulate in high concentrations shown in this study outline the possible long term consequences of GORD.
Abstract 860: Hypertension, diuretics, and antihypertensives in relation to bladder cancer
Authors: Xuejuan Jiang, J. Esteban Castelao, Jian-Min Yuan, Susan Groshen, Mariana C. Stern, David V. Conti, Victoria K. Cortessis, Gerhard A. Coetzee, Malcolm C. Pike, Manuela Gago-Dominguez
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: The role of hypertension and/or antihypertensive medication use on bladder cancer risk is inconclusive. Given the high prevalence of hypertension in the United States, in the present study we investigated the relation between hypertension, antihypertensive drugs, and bladder cancer risk using a population-based case-control study conducted in Los Angeles County, California. Methods: A population-based case-control study of bladder cancer was conducted in Los Angeles County from 1987-1999 and a total of 1586 age-, gender-, race- matched cases and neighborhood controls were included in the analyses. Participants were asked if they were told by a doctor that they had hypertension. They were also asked if they had taken any of the 21 brand names of diuretics and antihypertensive drugs listed in the questionnaire, which represented all the common prescription medications in these respective categories marketed in the US since the 1950s. Regular use was defined as taking a listed brand name drug two or more times a week for one month or longer. We asked regular users the ages at first and last use, duration of use, usual frequency and dosage of use, and the primary reason for such use. Results: A history of hypertension was not related to bladder cancer; however, among hypertensive individuals, there was a significant difference in bladder cancer risk related to the use of diuretics or antihypertensive drugs (P for heterogeneity =0.003). Compared with individuals without hypertension, hypertensive individuals who regularly used diuretics/antihypertensives had a similar risk (odds ratio - OR, 1.05; 95% confidence interval − 95%CI, 0.86-1.29), while untreated hypertensive subjects had a 36% reduction in risk (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.47-0.87). A greater reduction in bladder cancer risk was observed among current smokers (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.28-0.72) and carriers of GSTM1 null (homozygous absence) genotypes (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.16-0.54). Similarly, among smokers with GSTM1 null genotype, levels of 4-aminobiphenyl-hemoglobin adducts were significantly lower among untreated hypertensive individuals (45.7 pg/g Hb) compared to individuals without hypertension (79.8 pg/g Hb) (P = 0.009). Conclusion: Our results suggest that untreated hypertension is associated with a reduced risk of bladder cancer, a finding that was partially supported by our biomarker data. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 860.
Intimal plus medial thickness of the arterial wall: a direct measurement with ultrasound imaging.
Authors: P Pignoli, E Tremoli, A Poli, P Oreste, R Paoletti
Journal: Circulation (1986)

A study in vitro of specimens of human aortic and common carotid arteries was carried out to determine the feasibility of direct measurement (i.e., not from residual lumen) of arterial wall thickness with B mode real-time imaging. Measurements in vivo by the same technique were also obtained from common carotid arteries of 10 young normal male subjects. Aortic samples were classified as class A (relatively normal) or class B (with one or more atherosclerotic plaques). In all class A and 85% of class B arterial samples a characteristic B mode image composed of two parallel echogenic lines separated by a hypoechoic space was found. The distance between the two lines (B mode image of intimal + medial thickness) was measured and correlated with the thickness of different combinations of tunicae evaluated by gross and microscopic examination. On the basis of these findings and the results of dissection experiments on the intima and adventitia we concluded that results of B mode imaging of intimal + medial thickness did not differ significantly from the intimal + medial thickness measured on pathologic examination. With respect to the accuracy of measurements obtained by B mode imaging as compared with pathologic findings, we found an error of less than 20% for measurements in 77% of normal and pathologic aortic walls. In addition, no significant difference was found between B mode-determined intimal + medial thickness in the common carotid arteries evaluated in vitro and that determined by this method in vivo in young subjects, indicating that B mode imaging represents a useful approach for the measurement of intimal + medial thickness of human arteries in vivo.
Genetic Deficiency in Plasma Protein HRG Enhances Tumor Growth and Metastasis by Exacerbating Immune Escape and Vessel Abnormalization
Authors: Sònia Tugues, Satoshi Honjo, Christian König, Oriol Noguer, Marie Hedlund, Johan Botling, Sofie Deschoemaeker, Mathias Wenes, Charlotte Rolny, Wilhelm Jahnen-Dechent, Massimiliano Mazzone, Lena Claesson-Welsh
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) is a 75-kDa heparin-binding plasma protein implicated in the regulation of tumor growth and vascularization. In this study, we show that hrg(-/-) mice challenged with fibrosarcoma or pancreatic carcinoma grow larger tumors with increased metastatic properties. Compared with wild-type mice, fibrosarcomas in hrg(-/-) mice were more hypoxic, necrotic, and less perfused, indicating enhanced vessel abnormalization. HRG deficiency was associated with a suppressed antitumor immune response, with both increased infiltration of M2 marker-expressing macrophages and decreased infiltration of dendritic cells and cytotoxic T cells. Analysis of transcript expression in tumor-associated as well as peritoneal macrophages from hrg(-/-) mice revealed an increased expression of genes associated with a proangiogenic and immunoinhibitory phenotype. In accordance, expression arrays conducted on HRG-treated peritoneal macrophages showed induction of genes involved in extracellular matrix biology and immune responsiveness. In conclusion, our findings show that macrophages are a direct target of HRG. HRG loss influences macrophage gene regulation, leading to excessive stimulation of tumor angiogenesis, suppression of tumor immune response, and increased tumor growth and metastatic spread.
Termination of ventricular tachycardia with epicardial laser photocoagulation: A clinical comparison with patients undergoing successful endocardial photocoagulation alone
Authors: Robert H. Svenson, Laszlo Littmann, John J. Gallagher, Jay G. Selle, Samuel H. Zimmern, John M. Fedor, Paul G. Colavita
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)