tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
George Keith Thomas
Authors: E. Thomas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Summary</h3> Sentinel species are playing an indispensable role in monitoring environmental pollution in aquatic ecosystems. Many pollutants found in water prove to be endocrine disrupting chemicals that could cause disruptions in lipid homeostasis in aquatic species. A comprehensive profiling of the lipidome of these species is thus an essential step towards understanding the mechanism of toxicity induced by pollutants. We here extensively examined both the composition and spatial distribution of lipids in freshwater crustacean <i>Gammarus fossarum</i>. The baseline lipidome of gammarids of different gender and reproductive stage was established by high throughput shotgun lipidomics. Spatial lipid mapping by high resolution mass spectrometry imaging led to the discovery of sulfate-based lipids in hepatopancreas and their accumulation in mature oocytes. We uncovered in <i>G. fossarum</i> a diverse and dynamic lipid composition that deepens our understanding of the biochemical changes during development and which could serve as a reference for future ecotoxicological studies.
Tetracycline Treatment of Chloroquine-Resistant Falciparum Malaria in Thailand
Authors: Edward J. Colwell
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Tetracycline hydrochloride was evaluated in asymptomatic and acutely ill subjects naturally infected with chloroquine resistant strains of<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>. Sixteen asymptomatic subjects of whom eight had recently experienced chloroquine treatment failures received 250 mg of tetracycline hydrochloride, four times daily for ten days. A presumptive radical cure was demonstrated in 12. In the other four, treatment was discontinued within 72 hours because of symptomatic development. Acutely ill subjects were assigned to one of two treatment groups. One group received 640 mg of quinine sulfate, three times daily for three days, followed by 250 mg of tetracycline hydrochloride, four times daily for ten days. The other group received a similar course of quinine followed by a conventional course of chloroquine. A presumptive radical cure was demonstrated in 29 of 30 treated with the quinine-tetracycline regimen, and in 15 of 36 treated with the quinine-chloroquine regimen.
Letter: Non-invasive investigations of the brain.
Authors: P Ell, M Meixner, K H Lotritsch
Journal: BMJ (1975)

understand immunity to erytshocytic malaria, and it is far from simple.What we just do not know is how to identify and produce in bulk the appropriate antigen(s) of experi- mental malarias, let alone of P. falciparum and other human parasites.Nor do we know -how to present these antigens in a way which stimulates the inmnune system to best advantage without using Draconian adjuvants like F.CA.When we have solved these fomidable problems a practical vaccine in- corprating blood stage antigens might become feasible.-Iam, etc.,
Improvement in household stoves and risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Xuanwei, China: retrospective cohort study
Authors: Robert S Chapman, Xingzhou He, Aaron E Blair, Qing Lan
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To test whether improvement in household coal stoves affected the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Xuanwei County, China. <b>Design</b> Retrospective cohort study (follow-up 1976-92) comparing incidence of COPD between groups with and without chimneys. <b>Participants</b> 20 453 people born into homes with unvented coal stoves;16 606 (81.2%) subsequently changed to stoves with chimneys. <b>Intervention</b> Installation of a chimney in households in which unvented stoves had been used previously. <b>Results</b> Installation of a chimney was associated with distinct reduction in the incidence of COPD. Compared with people who did not have chimneys, the Cox-modelled risk ratio (relative risk) was 0.58 (95% confidence interval 0.49 to 0.70, P &lt; 0.001) in men and 0.75 (0.62 to 0.92, P = 0.005) in women. Modelled risk ratios were robust to different Cox model specifications. Relative risks decreased with time since stove improvement. In both sexes, the reduction in risk became unequivocal about 10 years after stove improvement. <b>Conclusions</b> In Xuanwei, incidence of COPD decreased markedly after household coal stoves were improved.
Uromancy 1971: Tricks with Sticks
Authors: Kenneth D. Gardner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

The art of urinalysis is centuries old. From beginnings obscured in pre-Hippocratic history, it has endured the mysticism of pisse-prophecy in the Middle Ages, received the benediction of science in the 1800's, and become a cornerstone of 20th-century nephrology. Part of its remarkable durability may be explained by the fact that through time the technology of urinalysis has remained relatively simple. The modern nephrologist and technician, like the pisse-monger of old, still cradle vials of the amber liquid in their hands as they divine its secrets. Only the microscope, a few chemicals and the urinary dipstick have intruded to modify . . .
Characteristics of lymphocyte subsets in HIV-infected, long-term nonprogressor, and healthy Asian children through 12 years of age
Authors: Jintanat Ananworanich, Tanakorn Apornpong, Pope Kosalaraksa, Tanyathip Jaimulwong, Rawiwan Hansudewechakul, Chitsanu Pancharoen, Torsak Bunupuradah, Mom Chandara, Thanyawee Puthanakit, Chaiwat Ngampiyasakul, Jurai Wongsawat, Suparat Kanjanavanit, Wicharn Luesomboon, Phennapha Klangsinsirikul, Nicole Ngo-Giang-Huong, Stephen J. Kerr, Sasiwimol Ubolyam, Tawan Mengthaisong, Rebecca S. Gelman, Kovit Pattanapanyasat, Vonthanak Saphonn, Kiat Ruxrungtham, William T. Shearer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
High Levels of Dioxin-Like Potential in Cigarette Smoke Evidenced by<i>In vitro</i>and<i>In vivo</i>Biosensing
Authors: Ayumi Kasai, Nobuhiko Hiramatsu, Kunihiro Hayakawa, Jian Yao, Shuichiro Maeda, Masanori Kitamura
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Cigarette smoke contains low levels of agonists for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR; also called the dioxin receptor). However, little is understood about the whole potential of cigarette smoke for activating AhR. In this report, we evaluated the total “dioxin-like” activity of cigarette smoke using in vitro and in vivo reporter systems. Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) was prepared from seven cigarette brands (1-20 mg tar content) and subjected to in vitro bioassay based on the xenobiotic-responsive element (XRE) as the sensor and secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) as the reporter. Exposure of reporter cells to CSE triggered activation of XRE in a dose-dependent manner, which was suppressed by functional inhibition of AhR. Direct, brief exposure of the cells to cigarette smoke similarly induced activation of XRE. Using 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) as the standard, the XRE-activating potential (XAP) of individual smoke was evaluated quantitatively. Positive correlation was observed between the tar content and XAP values. The XAP values estimated were extremely high with a range from 18.5 to 51.2 ng 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalent per cigarette. To further estimate XAP of cigarette smoke in vivo, we generated transgenic reporter mice that secrete SEAP under the control of XRE. After exposure of the mice to smoke, serum levels of SEAP were significantly elevated within 12 hours, peaked at 24 hours, and declined thereafter. These results evidenced for the first time that cigarette smoke has unexpectedly high dioxin-like potential that triggers the AhR-XRE pathway in vitro and in vivo. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(14): 7143-50)
VARICELLA BULLOSA ASSOCIATED WITH MEASLES VACCINE
Authors: M. P. GLENN, G. DONALD W. McKENDRICK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

Journal Article VARICELLA BULLOSA ASSOCIATED WITH MEASLES VACCINE Get access M. P. GLENN, M. P. GLENN Infectious Diseases Department, Rush Green Hospital, Romford, Essex Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. DONALD W. McKENDRICK G. DONALD W. McKENDRICK Infectious Diseases Department, Rush Green Hospital, Romford, Essex Requests for reprints should be addressed to Dr McKendrick. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 83, Issue 5, 1 November 1970, Pages 595–596, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb15747.x Published: 01 November 1970 Article history Accepted: 22 June 1970 Published: 01 November 1970
Reviews and Notes: New Orleans' Charity Hospital: A Story of Physicians, Politics, and Poverty
Authors: Robert M. Kaiser
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Literature of Medicine1 February 1994Reviews and Notes: New Orleans' Charity Hospital: A Story of Physicians, Politics, and PovertyRobert M. KaiserRobert M. KaiserUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-3-199402010-00031 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail New Orleans' Charity Hospital: A Story of Physicians, Politics, and PovertyJohn Salvaggio. 406 pages. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press; 1993. $45.00.Is the large urban public hospital an anachronism destined for decline or a resilient institution poised for rebirth? Dr. John Salvaggio sets out to answer that question in his new book, emphasizing Charity Hospital of New Orleans, one of the nation's venerable and famous city hospitals. As an administrator, researcher, and professor of medicine at Charity, Salvaggio is an insider well versed in the intricate details of the hospital's past.Charity's story is a long and ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1994Volume 120, Issue 3Page: 253-254KeywordsArmed forcesHealth careHospital medicineResidency ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 February 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
High Thymidylate Synthase Expression in Colorectal Cancer with Microsatellite Instability: Implications for Chemotherapeutic Strategies
Authors: Luigi Ricciardiello, Claudio Ceccarelli, Graziella Angiolini, Milena Pariali, Pasquale Chieco, Paola Paterini, Guido Biasco, Giuseppe N. Martinelli, Enrico Roda, Franco Bazzoli
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Colon cancers displaying microsatellite instability (MSI) are clinically less aggressive. Based on in vitro studies and recent clinical data, cancers displaying MSI do not respond to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The reasons why MSI tumors are clinically less aggressive and do not respond to 5-FU–based therapies have not been fully elucidated. Purpose: We investigated biomolecular markers in an attempt to explain the different clinical behavior and chemotherapeutic responses of MSI and non-MSI colon cancers. Experimental Design: One hundred ninety-two sporadic colon cancers were tested for MSI with five mononucleotide markers and methylation of the hMLH1 promoter. Slides were stained for thymidylate synthase (TS), p53, MDM2, p21WAF1/CIP1, β-catenin, vascular endothelial growth factor, hMLH1, hMSH2, and hMSH6. Tumors were regarded as having wild-type, functional p53 (Fp53) if reduced expression of p53 and positive MDM2 and p21WAF1/CIP1 expressions were found. Results: Of the cases, 12.5% were MSI-H (at least two markers mutated). Of MSI-H cases, 83.3% were characterized by a complete loss of at least one of the mismatch repair proteins, in particular loss of hMLH1 by promoter hypermethylation. MSI-H colon cancers showed higher expression of TS compared with MSS (no mutated markers)/MSI-L (one mutated marker) colon cancers (66.6% for MSI-H versus 14.8% MSS/MSI-L; P &amp;lt; 0.0001); 20.8% of MSI-H cases showed high expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor, compared with 45.8% MSS/MSI-L colon cancers (P = 0.0005); 45.8% MSI-H cases had Fp53 compared 11.9% MSS/MSI-L cases (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Conclusions: About 12% of colon cancers display MSI mostly due to lack of hMLH1 resulting from promoter hypermethylation. These tumors have high expression of TS and retain fully functional p53 system. Thus, these data suggest why sporadic hMLH1-defective colon cancers often do not respond to 5-FU.
Platelet-derived growth factor suppresses and fibroblast growth factor enhances cytokine-induced production of nitric oxide by cultured smooth muscle cells. Effects on cell proliferation.
Authors: T Scott-Burden, V B Schini, E Elizondo, D C Junquero, P M Vanhoutte
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Stimulation of thymidine incorporation by basic fibroblast growth factor or epidermal growth factor treatment of cultured quiescent smooth muscle cells (rat and human) was attenuated by the concomitant treatment with interleukin-1 beta in the presence of indomethacin. Platelet-derived growth factor-AB and -BB-induced thymidine incorporation was not inhibited by the presence of the cytokine under similar experimental conditions. Elevation of nitrite levels in the conditioned medium of cultures exposed to interleukin-1 beta correlated with the inhibition of thymidine incorporation. Platelet-derived growth factor-AB and -BB inhibited the production of nitric oxide (measured as nitrite levels in conditioned medium) by cells treated simultaneously with interleukin-1 beta and growth factor. However, platelet-derived growth factor-AA neither affected nitrite production nor thymidine incorporation by smooth muscle cells. Levels of cytokine-stimulated nitrite production by smooth muscle cells were increased synergistically by the presence of fibroblast growth factors or epidermal growth factor. The inhibition of thymidine incorporation and concomitant elevation of nitrite production was abolished in the presence of nitro-L-arginine. Cultures maintained in the presence of low levels of the cytokine for 9 days were growth-inhibited, and this was reversed when culture medium was supplemented with nitro-L-arginine. The treatment of smooth muscle cells, which were grown in coculture inserts with the cytokine to induce nitric oxide production, before their combination with other quiescent layers of cells resulted in the inhibition of thymidine incorporation by this second layer of cells regardless of the growth factor used for stimulation. Nitric oxide may act as an endogenous inhibitor of smooth muscle cell proliferation in the vessel wall, and impairment of its production may be one action of potent vascular mitogens such as platelet-derived growth factor.
The CONSORT Statement: Explanation and Elaboration
Authors: Hidemichi Yuasa
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters18 June 2002The CONSORT Statement: Explanation and ElaborationHidemichi Yuasa, DDS, PhDHidemichi Yuasa, DDS, PhDCentral Hospital of Tokai Medical Institute; Aichi 476-8511, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-12-200206180-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The paper by Altman and colleagues on the revised CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) statement (1) is remarkable, and in the future, their work will be the standard for all researchers. Unfortunately, their definition of the term validity is vague. Campbell first classified validity into two categories, internal validity and external validity, as did Altman and colleagues. In 1979, however, Campbell classified validity into four categories: internal validity, statistical conclusion validity, construct validity, and external validity (2), a definition that is now in general use (3, 4). However, Altman and colleagues did not define or classify ...References1. Altman DG, Moher D, Egger M, Davidoff F, Elbourne D, et al . The revised CONSORT statement for reporting randomized trials: explanation and elaboration. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134:663-94. [PMID: 11304107] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Cook T, Campbell DT. Quasi-Experimentation: Design and Analysis Issues in a Field Setting. Chicago: Rand McNally; 1979. Google Scholar3. . Cooper H, Hedges LV, eds. The Handbook of Research Synthesis. New York: Russell Sage Foundation; 1994. Google Scholar4. Cook T. Toward a practical theory of external validity.. In: Bickman L, eds. Validity and Social Experimentation: Donald Campbell's Legacy. 1 Nashville TN: Sage; 2000. Google Scholar5. Lynch JG. Theory and external validity. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. 1999;27:367-77. CrossrefGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Central Hospital of Tokai Medical Institute; Aichi 476-8511, Japan PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Revised CONSORT Statement for Reporting Randomized Trials: Explanation and Elaboration Douglas G. Altman , Kenneth F. Schulz , David Moher , Matthias Egger , Frank Davidoff , Diana Elbourne , Peter C. Gøtzsche , Thomas Lang , and The CONSORT Statement: Explanation and Elaboration Kenneth M. Kessler The CONSORT Statement: Explanation and Elaboration Matthias Egger , Douglas G. Altman , and Kenneth G. Schulz Metrics Cited ByEvidence-based pediatric asthma interventions and outcome measures in a healthy homes program: An integrative reviewExternal validity of a randomised clinical trial of temporomandibular disorders: analysis of the patients who refused to participate in research 18 June 2002Volume 136, Issue 12Page: 926KeywordsForecastingSystematic reviews ePublished: 18 June 2002 Issue Published: 18 June 2002 CopyrightCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries with tricuspid incompetence: successful treatment by xenograft valve replacement in a 15-month-old child.
Authors: A Ross, C Lincoln
Journal: Thorax (1981)

Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CCTGA) with tricuspid incompetence as the only associated anomaly is a rare occurrence.This is a report of a 15-month-old child with this condition who was successfully treated by xenograft replacement of the incompetent valve. Case reportIn 1977, a 16-week old boy was referred to the Brompton Hospital with a 10-week history of irregular feeding, breathlessness, and a pansystolic murmur.On examination he was pale, acyanotic, below the third percentile for weight and in moderate congestive heart failure.There was a loud aortic component to the second heart sound and a grade 4/6 pansystolic murmur was heard maximally at the apex.The ECG showed sinus rhythm, a superior axis (-30°), left ventricular dominance and right but not left-sided Q (a) waves.Angiography demonstrated discordant atrio- ventricular and ventriculoarterial connections-that is,
THE MARKETPLACE AND THE TRAINING OF PHYSICIANS
Authors: William E. Connor
Journal: JAMA (1961)

A crisis exists in medical education. Considerable attention has been devoted recently to the provision of buildings, equipment, and faculty for medical schools. The fourth and all-important component of medical education, without which other facets become meaningless, is the medical student. The crisis is this: Fewer and fewer college students wish to become medical students. One cause may be the great expense of a medical education. These are the facts. The number of qualified applicants to medical schools has declined some 37% from 1949 through 1959.<sup>1</sup>The decline is continuing. There is, in addition, a suspicion that the quality of those who do apply has fallen off. Failures during the first year of medical school have increased. This decline has occurred despite three considerations which might be expected to increase the number of qualified applicants. These are (1) a steadily growing population which will need more and more physicians;
Serum bile acids in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease.
Authors: C R Pennington, P E Ross, I A Bouchier
Journal: Gut (1977)

The value of serum bile acids (SBA) in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease has been investigated. A modified GLC method was used, with an overall coefficient of variation of +/- 11% in the control range. Serum was obtained after a 12 hour fast, and two hours after a fatty meal from 73 patients and 14 control subjects. In controls the total fasting SBA of 2.17 +/- 0.86 mumol/l increased significantly (p less than 0.001) to 3.81 +/- 1.14 mumol/l after a meal. All icteric patients had raised SBA, but in 23 anicteric patients there was no significant difference in the detection of chronic liver disease by fasting SBA, postprandial SBA, AST, or gamma GTP. Compared with controls, serum in patients contained proportionately less deoxycholic acid (p less than 0.001), there was proportionately more cholic acid in extrahepatic obstruction (p less than 0.001), and proportionately more chenodeoxycholic acid in patients with cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, and neoplasia (p less than 0.001). In control subjects, the fasting cholic:chenodeoxycholic acid ratio ranged from 0.5-1.0, and differed significantly (p less than 0.001) from patients with extrahepatic obstruction 0.96-3.6, and cirrhosis 0.1-0.5. It is concluded that serum bile acids measured by sensitive methods can provide useful diagnostic information.
Effects of epinephrine on glucose metabolism in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis.
Authors: T Schricker
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The cirrhotic liver has been shown to be resistant to the actions of various glucoregulatory hormones. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of epinephrine on hepatic glucose metabolism in cirrhotic patients. Thirteen cirrhotic and eight healthy subjects were studied. Hepatic glucose production and turnover of alanine and glycerol were measured using stable isotope technique before and during 70 and 150 minutes of epinephrine infusion (0.1 microgram/kg/min). beta-Adrenoreceptor binding sites and affinity in mononuclear leukocyte membranes also were determined. Hepatic glucose production and alanine turnover in normals significantly increased during epinephrine infusion, but did not change in cirrhotics. Glycerol turnover increased after 70 minutes of epinephrine infusion in both groups. Epinephrine induced a significant rise of high-affinity beta-adrenoreceptor binding sites in normals, yielding a significant correlation between hepatic glucose production and receptor density (r = .94, P < .0001). In cirrhotic patients, similar changes in the number of high-affinity beta-adrenoreceptors were observed, but no correlation with hepatic glucose production was detected. The cirrhotic liver did not respond normally to the stimulatory effect of epinephrine on hepatic glucose production. Because this blunted response was not related to changes of beta-adrenoreceptors, our findings suggest that epinephrine resistance in cirrhosis was caused by a postreceptor defect.