tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Systems Approaches to Biology and Disease Enable Translational Systems Medicine
Authors: Leroy Hood, Qiang Tian
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2012)

Abstract The development and application of systems strategies to biology and disease are transforming medical research and clinical practice in an unprecedented rate. In the foreseeable future, clinicians, medical researchers, and ultimately the consumers and patients will be increasingly equipped with a deluge of personal health information, e.g., whole genome sequences, molecular profiling of diseased tissues, and periodic multi-analyte blood testing of biomarker panels for disease and wellness. The convergence of these practices will enable accurate prediction of disease susceptibility and early diagnosis for actionable preventive schema and personalized treatment regimes tailored to each individual. It will also entail proactive participation from all major stakeholders in the health care system. We are at the dawn of predictive, preventive, personalized, and participatory (P4) medicine, the fully implementation of which requires marrying basic and clinical researches through advanced systems thinking and the employment of high-throughput technologies in genomics, proteomics, nanofluidics, single-cell analysis, and computation strategies in a highly-orchestrated discipline we termed translational systems medicine.
Complete Heart Block
Authors: Charles Fisch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

A NUMBER of reports in the medical literature emphasize the fact that some patients with complete heart block may have a favorable prognosis regarding life and the ability to perform daily tasks. In nearly every case the conduction defect is thought to be congenital in origin. Campbell,1 in his discussion of congenital complete heart block, states that, "if there are no complications carrying special risks of their own, the prognosis is good and will probably prove that the condition is compatible with survival to old age." The cases reported below emphasize the ability of people affected with this malady to . . .
Ventricular volume characteristics in double-inlet left ventricle before and after septation.
Authors: M Nakazawa, H Aotsuka, Y Imai, H Kurosawa, S Fukuchi, G Satomi, A Takao
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Septation is one of the surgical choices for double-inlet left ventricle, yet postoperative hemodynamics have not been well defined. We studied ventricular volume characteristics in 10 patients with double-inlet left ventricle before and after septation. Preoperative end-diastolic volume (EDV) of the ventricle was 291 +/- 111% (+/- SD) of normal and ejection fraction (EF) was 0.59 +/- 0.07. Postoperatively, EDV of the right-sided ventricle (RV) was 82 +/- 24%, and EDV of the left-sided ventricle (LV) was 153 +/- 41%. Ejection fraction of the RV was 0.77 +/- 0.10, and LVEF was 0.49 +/- 0.13. On the short-axis view of two-dimensional echocardiography, fractional change of the cross-sectional area was 0.65 +/- 0.16 for the RV and 0.23 +/- 0.11 for the LV. Fractional shortening of the septum-to-ventricular free wall axis was 0.51 +/- 0.17 in the RV and -0.05 +/- 0.09 in the LV. Analysis of the curvature of the new septum during cardiac cycle on two-dimensional echocardiography revealed that the septum shifted to the right side during systole in all patients in whom the systolic LV/RV pressure ratio was larger than 1.0. The septum shifted toward the LV during diastole in eight patients in whom end-diastolic pressure in the RV was higher than or equal to that in the LV, whereas it remained in the right side in two patients with higher left-side pressure. The cardiac index of these two patients was 2.4 and 2.6 l/min/m2, respectively, whereas it averaged 4.4 +/- 1.0 l/min/m2 in the other eight patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Bicarbonate haemodialysis: an adequate treatment for lactic acidosis in diabetics treated by metformin
Authors: J.D. Lalau, P.F. Westeel, X. Debussche, H. Dkissi, M. Tolani, B. Coevoet, B. Temperville, A. Fournier, J. Quichaud
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1987)
Abstract LB-110: Overexpression of EIF5A2 induced by gene amplification or hypoxia plays a pivotal role in tumor metastasis and angiogenesis.
Authors: Tingting CAO, Yan Li, Li Fu, Xinyuan GUAN
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Hypoxia is often happened in solid tumors, which activates hypoxia response genes such as hypoxia-inducible transcription factors to keep tumor growth under the stress. Here we report that expression of EIF5A2, a frequently overexpressed oncogene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), can be induced by hypoxia. Expression of EIF5A2 increased significantly in all five tested ESCC cell lines under hypoxic stress (P&amp;lt;0.05), compared with normaxic condition. Besides induced by hypoxia, overexpression of EIF5A2 can be induced by gene amplification. Amplification of EIF5A2 at 3q26 has been frequently detected in various solid malignancies including ESCC. In the present study, overexpression of EIF5A2 was detected in over 40% of ESCC cases, which was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.037), tumor invasion (P=0.044) and poor outcome (P=0.09) of ESCC patients. Functional study found that EIF5A2 promoted tumor metastasis and angiogenesis, two typical phenotypic changes of a tumor under hypoxic stress. Molecular study found that EIF5A2 was able to bind to the promoter region of HIF1α and up-regulate its expression, and subsequently promote tumor invasion and metastasis via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EIF5A2 could also promote angiogenesis via up-regulating VEGF in a HIF1α-mediated manner. Both in vitro and in vivo assays showed that silencing EIF5A2 expression by RNAi with shRNA-eIF5A2 could effectively inhibit tumor growth, especially when combined with chemotherapeutic agents. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that overexpression of eIF5A2 induced by gene amplification or hypoxia plays critical roles in cancer metastasis and angiogenesis via HIF1α-mediated signaling pathway under normaxic or hypoxic condition, respectively. Citation Format: Tingting CAO, Yan Li, Li Fu, Xinyuan GUAN. Overexpression of EIF5A2 induced by gene amplification or hypoxia plays a pivotal role in tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-110. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-110
TRAUMATIC RUPTURE OF THE SPLEEN: AN UNUSUAL FOOTBALL INJURY
Authors: L. Wallace Frank
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Trauma to the abdomen and especially to the left renal region not infrequently produces rupture of the spleen. I have seen a number of cases and in some the severity of the injury was out of all proportion to the mildness of the trauma. In a review of the literature I could find only one case in which rupture of the spleen followed a football injury. This case was reported by George Armitage in the<i>British Journal of Surgery</i>.<sup>1</sup> <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> R. B., a white youth aged 17, was admitted to the hospital the night of Oct. 10, 1939, because of abdominal discomfort. He gave a history of having had malaria five years previously. The onset of his present condition dated to the night of October 6, when he was struck in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen while playing football. He was completely knocked out, his
Expression of the Ciona intestinalis Alternative Oxidase (AOX) in Drosophila Complements Defects in Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation
Authors: Daniel J.M. Fernandez-Ayala, Alberto Sanz, Suvi Vartiainen, Kia K. Kemppainen, Marek Babusiak, Eero Mustalahti, Rodolfo Costa, Tea Tuomela, Massimo Zeviani, Jongkyeong Chung, Kevin M.C. O'Dell, Pierre Rustin, Howard T. Jacobs
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2009)
CT scanning can differentiate between ischaemic attack and haemorrhage
Authors: L. Ivo
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—I am concerned about Gunatilake's reports of cases in which rapid resolution of intracerebral haemorrhage occurred.1 The author's premise is founded on two erroneous statements Gunatilake stated that “no one has reported resolution of the symptoms and signs of intracerebral haemorrhage within 24 hours, although the possibility has been recognised.” The author obviously chose to ignore published data that showed a rapid resolution of neurological deficit after intracerebral haemorrhage.2–4

Gunatilake also stated: “Intracerebral …
A population-based spatio-temporal analysis of Clostridium difficile infection in Queensland, Australia over a 10-year period
Authors: Luis Furuya-Kanamori, Jenny Robson, Ricardo J Soares Magalhães, Laith Yakob, Samantha J McKenzie, David L Paterson, Thomas V Riley, Archie C A Clements
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)
Gonococcal Arthritis in the Newborn
Authors: Ernest E. Sponzilli
Journal: JAMA (1961)

MIGRATORY arthritis in a 2-week-old infant was found to have been due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae . In view of the extreme rarity of this condition, this case is being reported and the literature reviewed.  Report of a Case  A 13-day-old Negro girl was admitted to the Pediatric Service of the Margaret Hague Maternity Hospital with pronounced swelling, tenderness, and warmth of the left knee and right ankle joints. The infant was the product of a full-term spontaneous delivery. The mother was noted to have a thick, yellow, vaginal discharge at the time of parturition. Because of this finding, the Crede procedure was done with special care. Culture of the vaginal discharge of the mother yielded N. gonococcus and penicillin therapy was promptly instituted. Mother and child were discharged from the hospital on the fifth day in apparently good health. Subsequently, on the eighth day, the infant developed tenderness and swelling
Indomethacin suppresses the coronary flow response to hypoxia in exercise trained and sedentary rats
Authors: T S Baur, G R Brodowicz, D R Lamb
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

The aim was to determine if prostaglandin like activity might be involved in changes due to exercise training in the coronary flow responses to hypoxia.The coronary flow response to hypoxia was measured under constant perfusion pressure in isolated perfused hearts from 12 endurance exercise trained rats and 12 control rats. Eight hearts were perfused with a solution containing indomethacin, a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, to determine its effect on any training induced changes in the coronary flow response to hypoxic stress.24 male Sprague-Dawley rats, 517 (SD 51) g, were used for this study. The animals were anesthetised and the hearts rapidly excised and perfused with a modified Langendorff perfusion system.Under constant perfusion pressure, the hearts of endurance exercise trained rats had a greater increase in coronary flow during hypoxia relative to normoxia than did hearts of untrained rats, at 13.52(2.15) v 9.56(1.05) ml.min-1.g-1 dry heart weight. Indomethacin treatment abolished this difference and lowered coronary flow: exercise -3.81(3.75) ml.min-1.g-1; control 0.38(2.44) ml.min-1.g-1.The inhibition by indomethacin of the endurance exercise training induced potentiation of the coronary fluid flow response to hypoxia suggests that prostacyclin or a related compound may be involved in this adaptation to exercise.
Religion, Clinical Misconceptions, and Access to Contraception
Authors: Jonathan F. Will
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

In their article “Therapeutic Prophylactic Untoward and Contraceptive Effects of Combined Oral Contraceptives. Catholic Teaching Natural Law and the Principle of Double Effect When Deciding to Prescribe and Use” Casey and Salzmann (2014) offer a thoughtful argument as to how the principle of double effect might permit the prescription and use of combined oral contraceptives (COC) such as “the pill” consistent with Catholic Church teaching. But according to the author of this bioethics article the authors also note that in order to utilize their argument the party who would otherwise object to COC would need to understand (or at least be aware of) the noncontraceptive uses of such medicines. Viewed in this light the article is emblematic of a troubling reality: Those who express moral or religious objections to the prescription and/or use of hormonal contraception often do so based on an incorrect or incomplete clinical understanding of the medications in question. [excerpt]
Handbook of Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Michael Benatar
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Medical Writings: Book Notes7 February 2006Handbook of Peripheral NeuropathyMichael Benatar, MBChB, MS, DPhilMichael Benatar, MBChB, MS, DPhilFrom Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-144-3-200602070-00033 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Bromberg MB, Smith AG, eds. 701 pages. Philadelphia: Taylor & Francis; 2005. $199.95. ISBN 0824754328. Order atwww.tandf.co.uk/books.Field of medicine: Neurology.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: General internists and general neurologists.Purpose: To demystify the evaluation and treatment of peripheral neuropathies and to provide a practical guide to management.Content: The book begins with a section on the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy, including chapters describing the clinical approach and the use of electrodiagnosis, nerve and skin biopsy, and magnetic resonance imaging of peripheral nerves. Each chapter in the second section focuses on a type or class of peripheral neuropathy. The final ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 7 February 2006Volume 144, Issue 3Page: 228KeywordsImmunosuppressivesMagnetic resonance imagingNervesNeurologyNeuropathic painNeuropathyPeripheral nervous systemPeripheral neuropathyResearch laboratoriesSoftware tools ePublished: 7 February 2006 Issue Published: 7 February 2006 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Vinblastine in Children and Adolescents With High-Risk Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma: Results of the Randomized ALCL99-Vinblastine Trial
Authors: Marie-Cécile Le Deley, Angelo Rosolen, Denise M. Williams, Keizo Horibe, Grazyna Wrobel, Andishe Attarbaschi, Jozsef Zsiros, Anne Uyttebroeck, Ildiko M. Marky, Laurence Lamant, Wilhelm Woessmann, Marta Pillon, Rachel Hobson, Audrey Mauguen, Alfred Reiter, Laurence Brugières
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Purpose The impact of adding vinblastine to a 4-month chemotherapy regimen, based on the Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster 90 protocol, in childhood high-risk anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) was assessed. Patients and Methods Children and adolescents with high-risk ALCL, defined by mediastinal, lung, liver, spleen, or skin involvement, were eligible for the trial. After a prephase and one chemotherapy course, patients were randomly assigned to receive either five further chemotherapy courses without vinblastine or the same regimen with one vinblastine injection (6 mg/m 2 ) during each course followed by weekly vinblastine to complete a total of 1 year of treatment. The primary end point was event-free survival (EFS), analyzed on the intent-to-treat population. Results Between November 1999 and June 2006, 110 patients were randomly assigned to receive vinblastine, and 107 were randomly assigned not to receive vinblastine. Median follow-up was 4.8 years. Patients in the vinblastine arm had a significantly reduced risk of events during the first year (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.67; P = .002) followed by an increased risk thereafter (HR = 4.98; 95% CI, 1.65 to 15.0; P = .003). Consequently, EFS at 1 year differed significantly (91% in the vinblastine group v 74% in the no-vinblastine group), with no difference at 2 years (73% and 70%, respectively). Overall EFS curves did not differ significantly (HR = 0.91; 95% CI, 0.55 to 1.5; P = .71). Thirty-one percent of weekly doses of vinblastine were reduced as a result of hematologic toxicity, although vinblastine was discontinued for toxicity in only three patients. Conclusion Adding vinblastine during induction and as maintenance for a total treatment duration of 1 year significantly delayed the occurrence of relapses but did not reduce the risk of failure.
Ongoing cuts to sexual health services will cost UK economy billions, says report
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2013)

If cuts to sexual health services being made as part of ongoing efficiency savings in the public sector continue, the UK economy could be lumbered with billions of pounds in additional health and social care costs and lost tax revenues by 2020, claims a joint report.

Unprotected Nation ,1 from the sexual health charities Brook and the Family Planning Association, was commissioned amid mounting concern that the squeeze on public sector finances and changes in commissioning structures had curbed access to sexual health and contraceptive services across the United Kingdom.

The …
HAEMOLRRHAGIC PURPURA FOLLOWING THE THERAPEUTIC ADMINISTRATION OF NEOSALVARSAN
Authors: THOMAS ANWYL-DAVIES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1921)

Journal Article HAEMOLRRHAGIC PURPURA FOLLOWING THE THERAPEUTIC ADMINISTRATION OF NEOSALVARSAN Get access THOMAS ANWYL‐DAVIES, M.B., B.S.LOND., M.R.C.S.Eng. THOMAS ANWYL‐DAVIES, M.B., B.S.LOND., M.R.C.S.Eng. Department of Venereal Diseases, St. Thomas's Hospital:–Director: Colonel L.W.Harrison, D.S.O Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 33, Issue 7, 1 July 1921, Pages 264–266, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1921.tb09046.x Published: 01 July 1921
ABC of eyes. History and examination.
Authors: A. R. Elkington, P. T. Khaw
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Snellen chart at 6 metres Reading vision can be tested using a standard reading type book or, ifthis * Snelien chart closer is not available, various sizes ofnewspaper print.There may be quite a * Hand movements difference in the near and distance vision.A good example is presbyopia, * Perception of light which usually develops in the late 40s owing to the failure of * No perception of light accommodation with age.Distance vision may be 6/6 without glasses but
VEGF ameliorates pulmonary hypertension through inhibition of endothelial apoptosis in experimental lung fibrosis in rats
Authors: Laszlo Farkas, Daniela Farkas, Kjetil Ask, Antje Möller, Jack Gauldie, Peter Margetts, Mark Inman, Martin Kolb
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) can lead to the development of secondary pulmonary hypertension (PH) and ultimately death. Despite this known association, the precise mechanism of disease remains unknown. Using a rat model of IPF, we explored the role of the proangiogenic and antiapoptotic growth factor VEGF in the vascular remodeling that underlies PH. In this model, adenoviral delivery of active TGF-beta1 induces pulmonary arterial remodeling, loss of the microvasculature in fibrotic areas, and increased pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP). Immunohistochemistry and mRNA analysis revealed decreased levels of VEGF and its receptor, which were inversely correlated with PAP and endothelial cell apoptosis in both the micro- and macrovasculature. Treatment of IPF rats with adenoviral delivery of VEGF resulted in reduced endothelial apoptosis, increased vascularization, and improved PAP due to reduced remodeling but worsened PF. These data show that experimental pulmonary fibrosis (PF) leads to loss of the microvasculature through increased apoptosis and to remodeling of the pulmonary arteries, with both processes resulting in PH. As administration of VEGF ameliorated the PH in this model but concomitantly aggravated the fibrogenic process, VEGF-based therapies should be used with caution.
Dietary Zinc Modulation of COX-2 Expression and Lingual and Esophageal Carcinogenesis in Rats
Authors: L. Y. Y. Fong, L. Zhang, Y. Jiang, J. L. Farber
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2005)

Cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract, including esophageal and tongue carcinomas, is a major cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Esophageal and tongue cancers have both been associated with dietary zinc deficiency (ZD), and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) is often overexpressed in these cancers. Using rat models, we examined whether zinc regulates COX-2 expression in these cancers.Expression of COX-2 protein and mRNA in rat lingual and esophageal epithelia in control (zinc sufficient [ZS]) rats, during ZD, and after intragastric zinc replenishment (ZR) were determined by immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. COX-2 gene expression, cell proliferation, and apoptosis were analyzed in ZD, ZR, and ZD rats treated with the COX-2 inhibitors celecoxib and indomethacin. Tumor development in ZD rats treated by continuous exposure to the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1 oxide (NQO), which causes tongue tumors in rats, was compared with those in NQO-treated ZS rats. Statistical tests were two-sided.The esophagus and tongue of ZD rats were hyperplastic and expressed COX-2 protein and mRNA at 8- to 14.7-fold higher levels than control rats. Within hours ZR reduced COX-2 overexpression to threefold that in control rats and reversed the hyperplastic phenotypes. The esophagus of ZD rats treated with celecoxib or indomethacin showed a reduction in cell proliferation and stimulation of apoptosis. NQO treatment resulted in greater incidence of lingual squamous cell carcinomas (74% versus 22%, difference = 52%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 20% to 80%, P = .015) and greater tumor multiplicity (13.1 versus 4.3, difference = 8.8, 95% CI = 7.0 to 10.6, P = .018) in ZD than ZS rats. Of 23 NQO-treated ZD rats, 39% (9) and 61% (14) harbored esophageal and forestomach tumors, respectively, whereas none of the NQO-treated ZS rats did.COX-2 overexpression accompanies hyperplasia in ZD rats. Increased cell proliferation in NQO-treated ZD rats facilitates the development of tumors at multiple sites. The finding that zinc regulates COX-2 expression in vivo in an animal model may lead to prevention or therapeutic possibilities for upper aerodigestive tract cancer.
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL SYNTHESES OCCURRING DURING RECOVERY FROM PSYCHOSIS
Authors: SAMUEL BOGOCH, PETER C. BELVAL, KARL T. DUSSIK, PETER C. CONRAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1962)

Quantitative neurochemical changes and the absence of change have been observed in patients in the glycoproteins of one compartment of the nervous system itself, the cerebrospinal fluid, which are temporally related to psychological and behavioral changes or the absence of change respectively occurring during entry into and recovery from psychotic states. The psychotic state is defined in a manner which permits some quantification of the disturbance in terms of groups of psychological functions involved. The hypothesis is considered that the functional changes in recovery from psychosis may be usefully viewed as syntheses, and that the functional synthetic changes which occur in the nervous system are unitary even though they may be investigated and described in both psychological and biochemical terms.
Citalopram Provides Little or No Benefit in Nondepressed Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Uri Ladabaum, Annie Sharabidze, Theodore R. Levin, Wei K. Zhao, Elaine Chung, Peter Bacchetti, Chengshi Jin, Barbara Grimes, Craig J. Pepin
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2009)