tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Environmental air toxics: role in asthma occurrence?
Authors: Gary L Larsen, Craig Beskid, Lata Shirnamé-Moré
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

The National Urban Air Toxics Research Center (NUATRC) hosted its first scientific workshop in 1994 that focused on possible relationships between air toxics and asthma. From that meeting came recommendations for future research including a need for more complete individual personal exposure assessments so that determinations of personal exposures to pollutants could be made. In the spring of 2001, NUATRC held a second such workshop to review progress made in this area during the intervening 7 years. Peer-reviewed articles from the workshop are published in this issue of (italic)Environmental Health Perspectives Supplements(/italic). As in 1994, academic, government, and industry scientists participated. Dave Guinnup of the Environmental Protection Agency discussed the nature of air toxics, their definition, and the basis for federal regulation. George Leikauf from the University of Cincinnati reviewed the 1994 workshop and subsequent research in this field. Current research funded by NUATRC that is addressing individual personal exposure was presented by Clifford Weisel (Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey), Patrick Kinney (Columbia University) and Candis Claiborn (Washington State University). David Corry from Baylor College of Medicine highlighted new insights into asthma pathogenesis while Stephen Redd from the Centers for Disease Control presented an overview of asthma epidemiology as well as the societal costs of the disease. Mary White (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry) discussed recent epidemiologic investigations by public health agencies into community concerns about asthma and hazardous air pollutants. David Peden (University of North Carolina) reviewed scientific studies into the links between asthma and air toxics as well as criteria air pollutants. In a session on occupational asthma, Lee Petsonk (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) discussed risk factors for work-related asthma, whereas Ralph Delfino (University of California, Irvine) addressed limitations of extrapolating from occupational asthma to asthma in the general population. These presentations were followed by panel discussions focusing on future research programs, both for NUATRC and similar research institutions. Recommendations for future research included improved assessments of personal exposure to air toxics as well as research focused on specific hazardous air pollutants. The latter recommendation was based on medical literature that suggests certain pollutants from the list of 188 air toxics are most likely to adversely affect respiratory health.
Early detection of cystic fibrosis lung disease: multiple-breath washout versus raised volume tests
Authors: S. Lum, P. Gustafsson, H. Ljungberg, G. Hulskamp, A. Bush, S. B Carr, R. Castle, A.-f. Hoo, J. Price, S. Ranganathan, J. Stroobant, A. Wade, C. Wallis, H. Wyatt, J. Stocks
Journal: Thorax (2006)

Lung clearance index (LCI), a measure of ventilation inhomogeneity derived from the multiple-breath inert gas washout (MBW) technique, has been shown to detect abnormal lung function more readily than spirometry in preschool children with cystic fibrosis, but whether this holds true during infancy is unknown.To compare the extent to which parameters derived from the MBW and the raised lung volume rapid thoraco-abdominal compression (RVRTC) techniques identify diminished airway function in infants with cystic fibrosis when compared with healthy controls.Measurements were performed during quiet sleep, with the tidal breathing MBW technique being performed before the forced expiratory manoeuvres.Measurements were obtained in 39 infants with cystic fibrosis (mean (SD) age 41.4 (22.0) weeks) and 21 controls (37.0 (15.1) weeks). Infants with cystic fibrosis had a significantly higher respiratory rate (38 (10) vs 32 (5) bpm) and LCI (8.4 (1.5) vs 7.2 (0.3)), and significantly lower values for all forced expiratory flow-volume parameters compared with controls. Girls with cystic fibrosis had significantly lower forced expiratory volume (FEV(0.5) and FEF(25-75 )) than boys (mean (95% CI girls-boys): -1.2 (-2.1 to -0.3) for FEV(0.5) Z score; FEF(25-75): -1.2 (-2.2 to -0.15)). When using both the MBW and RVRTC techniques, abnormalities were detected in 72% of the infants with cystic fibrosis, with abnormalities detected in 41% using both techniques and a further 15% by each of the two tests performed.These findings support the view that inflammatory and/or structural changes in the airways of children with cystic fibrosis start early in life, and have important implications regarding early detection and interventions. Monitoring of early lung disease and functional status in infants and young children with cystic fibrosis may be enhanced by using both MBW and the RVRTC.
FOUR-YEAR DURABILITY OF SIROLIMUS-ELUTING STENT IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC TOTAL OCCLUSIONS COMPARED WITH BARE METAL STENT: MULTICENTER REGISTRY IN ASIA
Authors: Sunao Nakamura, Hisao Ogawa, Jang-Ho Bae, Yeo Hans Cahyadi, Wasan Udayachalerm, Damras Tresukosol, Sudaratana Tansuphaswadikul
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
THE ALLEGED EFFICIENCY OF MEDICINAL TREATMENT OF TYPHOID CARRIERS
Authors: WINDSOR C. CUTTING
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Because typhoid carriers are denied occupations involving food handling and care of children, are kept under surveillance by health departments and fear the possible infection of others, their successful treatment is greatly to be desired. Successful treatment would also be important in the present war emergency so as to prevent and control spread of the infection in military establishments. To this end, two general procedures and agents have been proposed: (1) the removal of foci of typhoid micro-organisms, usually by cholecystectomy, and (2) the administration of drugs which might be bactericidal. Curative results have been claimed for both these procedures. For instance, Bigelow and Anderson<sup>1</sup>in 1933 and Coller and Forsbeck<sup>2</sup>in 1937 are among those who have reported cures by removal of the gallbladder. This is, however, a major undertaking, which fails to cure the patient in a considerable number of instances. For this reason, others have
Incorporation of Right Ventricular Counts as a Bullseye Artifact
Authors: MICHAEL P. CECIL, NAOMI P. ALAZRAKI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Although extensive information regarding right ventricular uptake of thallium and a variety of bullseye artifacts exist, previous reports have not recognized a bullseye artifact due to right ventricular uptake of thallium. This case report again emphasizes the need for careful inspection of tomographic images while interpreting the bullseye. It is the first reported case of a bullseye artifact due to incorporation of right ventricular counts into the bullseye representation of left ventricular septal wall counts.
Clinical application of antipyrine half life in saliva in a patient with osteomalacia.
Authors: H S Fraser, D Thompson, C Khan
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Traditional group Type of surgery (n = 50) (n = 50) Healed Infected Healed Infected Biliary .11 2 13 2 Upper gastrointestinal tract, small bowel .7 5 Large bowel, appendicectomy 1 5 it Herniorrhaphy, groin surgery 29 1* 24 Other .21* 3 1 All wounds .50 4 50 4 *Fibroliposarcoma with groin metastases.tCaecal carcinoma, faecal fistula.cases.Extensive bacteriological examination (phage typing etc) of the patients and staff showed the nasal carriage of a typed Staphylococcus aureus in one surgeon who had been concerned with three patients with identical infections.
Impact of congenital colour vision deficiency
Authors: Pieter A Wiegersma
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Evidence based medicine: does it make a difference? Use wiselyEditor-The term "evidence based medicine" entered the scientific lexicon only a little more than a decade ago. 1 What caused its remarkable spread, and what are the implications of its broad and rapid diffusion?The team that coined the term at first considered using the phrase "scientific medicine" but rejected it because it implied that other approaches were by definition unscientific. 2However, critics have argued that the term evidence based medicine carries a similar moral valence and linguistic slipperiness. 3 Who could argue against the notion of providing care that integrates individual clinical skill and the best external evidence? 4 Originally developed as a method for teaching medical residents, evidence based medicine is being applied ever more broadly to the organisation and delivery of medical services.Multiple stakeholders now seek to assume its mantle for purposes that often contradict its original intent.Managers, equating lack of evidence with lack of effectiveness, use it as a rationale for cutting services.Industry generates evidence of questionable quality to promote its products.Medical researchers come to believe that they hold a monopoly on generating and interpreting evidence.Evidence based medicine, developed as a means of taming the unscientific and messy world of clinical practice, has itself entered the unscientific and messy world of politics. 5ike any technology, evidence based medicine carries risks and benefits and can be used appropriately or inappropriately.Overly inclusive definitions threaten to deprive the term of meaning, and unchecked use increases the risk of misuse.In the past decade, evidence based medicine has contributed much to how we teach, deliver, and think about clinical services.In the coming decade, we must continue to ensure that it is not only used widely but wisely.
Stress-shortening relations and myocardial blood flow in compensated and failing canine hearts with pressure-overload hypertrophy.
Authors: W H Gaasch, M R Zile, P K Hoshino, C S Apstein, A S Blaustein
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Serial changes in left ventricular (LV) size and function during the adaptation to chronic pressure overload and the transition to pump failure were studied in 16 conscious dogs (aortic bands placed at 8 weeks of age). Echocardiographic data at baseline and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after banding revealed a progressive increase in LV mass in all dogs. In six dogs with LV pump failure, there was a progressive decline in circumferential fiber shortening (29 +/- 4% at 12 months); this was significantly less than that seen in five littermate controls (38 +/- 3%, p less than 0.05). The average LV to body weight ratio in this group was 9.8 +/- 2.7 g/kg. In 10 dogs without pump failure (compensated LVH group), shortening exceeded that seen in the controls (43 +/- 4%, p less than 0.05); the LV to body weight ratio was 7.7 +/- 1.0 g/kg. At 12 months (cardiac catheterization), the LV end-diastolic pressure was higher in the failure (25 +/- 15 mm Hg) than in the compensated group (8 +/- 5 mm Hg, p less than 0.05); mean systolic stress was also higher in the failure group (313 +/- 67 g/cm2) than in the compensated group (202 +/- 53 g/cm2, p less than 0.05). The transmural distribution of myocardial blood flow was measured (at 12 months) with the radioactive microsphere technique; flow data were then related to an index of demand (a stress-time index). There was preferential blood flow to the subendocardial layers in the control (endo/epi = 1.28) and compensated hearts (endo/epi = 1.10), but in the failure group there was a relative decrease in subendocardial flow (endo/epi = 0.92). However, the absolute values for subendocardial flow in the normal, compensated, and failure groups were 77 +/- 54, 125 +/- 48, and 113 +/- 64 ml/min/100 g; the stress-time indexes in the subendocardial shell were 38 +/- 11, 74 +/- 19, and 93 +/- 34 g sec.10(2)/cm2/min. Despite what appears to be a marginal balance between blood flow and the stress time index in the failure group, the myocardial high energy phosphates were not depleted and the inoptropic state was not depressed. In this model of LV hypertrophy, the observed differences in fiber shortening can be explained on the basis of the inverse afterload-shortening relation; pump failure was due to an inadequate LV hypertrophy with afterload excess.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Filaggrin null mutations are associated with increased asthma severity in children and young adults
Authors: Colin N.A. Palmer, Tahmina Ismail, Simon P. Lee, Ana Terron-Kwiatkowski, Yiwei Zhao, Haihui Liao, Frances J.D. Smith, W.H. Irwin McLean, Somnath Mukhopadhyay
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Flow cytometric isolation and clonal identification of self-renewing bipotent hepatic progenitor cells in adult mouse liver
Authors: Atsushi Suzuki, Sayaka Sekiya, Makiko Onishi, Naoko Oshima, Hiroshi Kiyonari, Hiromitsu Nakauchi, Hideki Taniguchi
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

The adult liver progenitor cells appear in response to several types of pathological liver injury, especially when hepatocyte replication is blocked. These cells are histologically identified as cells that express cholangiocyte markers and proliferate in the portal area of the hepatic lobule. Although these cells play an important role in liver regeneration, the precise characterization that determines these cells as self-renewing bipotent primitive hepatic cells remains to be shown. Here we attempted to isolate cells that express a cholangiocyte marker from the adult mouse liver and perform single cell-based analysis to examine precisely bilineage differentiation potential and self-renewing capability of these cells. Based on the results of microarray analysis and immunohistochemistry, we used an antibody against CD133 and isolate CD133(+) cells via flow cytometry. We then cultured and propagated isolated cells in a single cell culture condition and examined their potential for proliferation and differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Isolated cells that could form large colonies (LCs) in culture gave rise to both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes as descendants, while maintaining undifferentiated cells by self-renewing cell divisions. The clonogenic progeny of an LC-forming cell is capable of reconstituting hepatic tissues in vivo by differentiating into fully functional hepatocytes. Moreover, the deletion of p53 in isolated LC-forming cells resulted in the formation of tumors with some characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma upon subcutaneous injection into immunodeficient mutant mice. These data provide evidence for the stem cell-like capacity of isolated and clonally cultured CD133(+) LC-forming cells.Our method for prospectively isolating hepatic progenitor cells from the adult mouse liver will facilitate study of their roles in liver regeneration and carcinogenesis.
Immunologic Aspects of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Joaquin Lamela, Francisco Vega
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

To the Editor: Cosio et al. (June 4 issue)1 present data that will stimulate the study of the role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, we think that research efforts focusing on the mechanisms of autoimmunity in COPD are not of paramount importance in smokers and patients with COPD, at least from a practical point of view. First, we believe that tobacco smoke can affect individual persons differently, just as alcohol can affect persons who abuse alcohol differently and silica dust can affect quarry workers differently. Second, it is also clear that genetic factors . . .
THE OTOLARYNGOLOGIST IN THE SCIENCE AND ART OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY
Authors: J. A. STUCKY
Journal: JAMA (1922)

It can be truthfully said that this is the greatest year in the history of medicine and surgery, especially in the branch of otolaryngology and, as has been said by others, it is conceded everywhere that the eye, ear, nose and throat specialists have attained the rank of a major branch of medicine and surgery. When one compares the meager, almost barren specialty of twenty-five years ago in this subject, with the wonderful advances of the present day, one is amazed at the development a quarter of a century has brought forth. Its scope and dimension have enormously enlarged and become a powerful and far reaching organization.  For years we have believed that the Mekka of medical learning and training was to be found principally in Europe or in the eastern part of our country; but the war has proved that in every department of life this, our own country,
Fibronectin is essential for survival but is dispensable for proliferation of hepatocytes in acute liver injury in mice
Authors: Kei Moriya, Keiko Sakai, Michel H. Yan, Takao Sakai
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Acute liver injury causes massive hepatocyte apoptosis and/or fatal liver damage. Fibronectin, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, is prominently expressed during adult tissue repair. However, the extent of fibronectin dependence on hepatocyte response to acute liver damage remains to be defined. Because identification of hepatic survival factors is critical for successful therapeutic intervention in liver failure, this relationship has been investigated using a fibronectin-deficient mouse model of acute liver injury. Here, we show that lack of fibronectin induces significantly increased hepatocyte apoptosis, which is accompanied by significant down-regulation of the antiapoptotic protein, B-cell lymphoma—extra large (Bcl-xL). Furthermore, fibronectin deficiency leads to a significantly elevated production of hepatocyte growth factor in hepatic stellate cells postinjury, which, in turn, results in an earlier onset and acceleration of hepatocyte regeneration. Primary hepatocytes on fibronectin are protected from reactive oxygen species–induced cellular damage, retaining the expression of Bcl-xL, whereas those on type I collagen are not. This retained expression of Bcl-xL is inhibited by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002. Conclusion: We provide evidence that fibronectin-mediated matrix survival signals for hepatocytes are transduced through the PI3K/Bcl-xL-signaling axis in response to injury. This work defines fibronectin as a novel antiapoptotic factor for hepatocytes after acute liver injury, but demonstrates that fibronectin is not essential for subsequent hepatocyte proliferation. (HEPATOLOGY 2012;56:311–321)
Broken Pencil Points as a Cause of Brain Abscess
Authors: Frederick A. Horner, Richard G. Berry, Marthella Frantz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THE ordinary lead pencil has long been regarded by physicians and concerned parents as a potential danger to the child. Injuries to the eye, the face and the oral cavity frequently result when children fall while holding a pencil or when they innocently protrude it into the tissues. Such an injury is usually apparent immediately, and medical care is quickly obtained. A different and surprising series of events after pencil-point injuries to the cranial vault has recently come to our attention and is considered worth recording.Case ReportsCase 1. A 4-year-old boy (007497) was admitted to the University of . . .
The role of lymphocytes in human dermal wound healing
Authors: D.E. Boyce
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Animal experimental data indicate a requirement for functionally active T lymphocytes to allow optimal healing of dermal wounds. Little evidence exists to confirm that this is the case in humans. Lymphocyte involvement in regulation of healing is probably mediated by release of secreted cytokines/growth factors, and we hypothesize that the cytokine profile requirement will be modulated as healing progresses.As this is likely to be reflected in lymphocyte subset changes over the course of normal healing, we investigated the immunophenotype of lymphocyte subpopulations during wound healing.Sequential biopsies were taken over 42 days from the margin of 12 wounds healing by secondary intention after pilonidal sinus excision. Serial biopsy sections were analysed by immunohistochemistry using lymphocyte-specific monoclonal antibodies, and lymphocytes were counted microscopically.Within 42 days, the mean decrease in wound volume was 87.5%. This was accompanied by significant changes in the wound margin lymphocyte population. Total numbers (mean +/- SEM) of T lymphocytes decreased from 36.8 +/- 9.8 cells per field at inclusion in the study to 25.9 +/- 3.0 immediately prior to wound closure, with a concomitant increase in B lymphocytes from 1 +/- 0.4 to 9.5 +/- 3.6 cells per field. The CD4/CD8 T-lymphocyte ratio fell from an initial level of 3.6 +/- 0.3 to 2.1 +/- 0.3 (mean +/- SEM) prior to closure.These data indicate that human wound-associated lymphocyte populations are modulated during healing; the increase in numbers of CD8+ T-suppressor lymphocytes is in accordance with previous animal data, indicating a role for these cells in downregulating healing as the wound closes. This study also documents an associated increase in B lymphocytes and healing of human wounds, with an as yet undefined role.
Abstract 2242: Comprehensive genome methylation and whole genome expression analysis in penile carcinoma: Uncovering new molecular markers
Authors: Hellen Kuasne, Ilce Mara de Syllos Colus, Hector Hernandez-Vargas, Ariane Fernanda Busso-Lopes, Mateus C. Barros-Filho, Fabio A. Marchi, Christovan Scapulatempo-Neto, Eliney F. Faria, Ademar Lopes, Gustavo C. Guimaraes, Zdenko Herceg, Silvia R. Rogatto
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Penile carcinoma (PeCa) is frequently associated with high morbidity rates. Unlikely of the vast majority of tumors, there is no molecular markers described that are able to assist in diagnosis and prognosis or with potential to be therapeutic targets in PeCa. Patients and methods: DNA methylation status (244K Human DNA Methylation Microarray platform, Agilent Technologies) and large-scale expression analysis (4x44K Whole Human Genome Microarray, Agilent Technologies) were performed in 35 and 37 PeCa, respectively. Quantitative bisulfite pyrosequencing (qBP) and RT-qPCR were used to validate the findings in 93 samples. HPV status was assessed using the Linear Array HPV Genotyping kit (Roche Molecular Diagnostics, CA, USA). Results: Methylome analysis revealed 171 hypermethylated and 449 hypomethylated CpGs sites and the transcriptome profiling showed 2986 down- and 2817 over-expressed genes. HPV positivity was found in 32.7% of the cases, mainly the HPV16. The integrative analysis in 32 PeCa revealed a panel of 96 genes with inverse correlation between methylation and gene expression levels. The CpG hypermetlylation and gene downexpression, was confirmed for TWIST1, RSOP2, SOX3, SOX17, CD133, OTX2, HOXA3 and MEIS. In addition, BIRC5, DNMT1 and DNMT3B presented low levels of methylation and overexpression. The comparison of the results with clinical findings revealed that LIN28A, NKX2.2, NKX2.3, LHX5, BDNF, FOXA1 and CDX2 were associated with poor prognosis features. Conclusion: Putative prognostic markers were detected revealing that DNA methylation modulates the expression of several genes in PeCa. These data may prove instrumental for biomarker discovery in clinics and molecular epidemiology of PeCa. Citation Format: Hellen Kuasne, Ilce Mara de Syllos Colus, Hector Hernandez-Vargas, Ariane Fernanda Busso-Lopes, Mateus C. Barros-Filho, Fabio A. Marchi, Christovan Scapulatempo-Neto, Eliney F. Faria, Ademar Lopes, Gustavo C. Guimaraes, Zdenko Herceg, Silvia R. Rogatto. Comprehensive genome methylation and whole genome expression analysis in penile carcinoma: Uncovering new molecular markers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2242. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2242