tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins in the Management of Acute Coronary Artery Syndromes and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Graham C. Wong, Robert P. Giugliano, Elliott M. Antman
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) possess several potential pharmacological advantages over unfractionated heparin as an antithrombotic agent.To systematically summarize the clinical data on the efficacy and safety of LMWHs compared with unfractionated heparin across the spectrum of acute coronary syndromes (ACSs), and as an adjunct to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).We searched MEDLINE for articles from 1990 to 2002 using the index terms heparin, enoxaparin, dalteparin, nadroparin, tinzaparin, low molecular weight heparin, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, coronary angiography, coronary angioplasty, thrombolytic therapy, reperfusion, and drug therapy, combination. Additional data sources included bibliographies of articles identified on MEDLINE, inquiry of experts and pharmaceutical companies, and data presented at recent national and international cardiology conferences.We selected for review randomized trials comparing LMWHs against either unfractionated heparin or placebo for treatment of ACS, as well as trials and registries examining clinical outcomes, pharmacokinetics, and/or phamacodynamics of LMWHs in the setting of PCI. Of 39 studies identified, 31 fulfilled criteria for analysis.Data quality was determined by publication in the peer-reviewed literature or presentation at an official cardiology society-sponsored meeting.The LMWHs are recommended by the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology for treatment of unstable angina/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Clinical trials have demonstrated similar safety with LMWHs compared with unfractionated heparin in the setting of PCI and in conjunction with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors. Finally, LMWHs show promise as an antithrombotic agent for the treatment of ST-elevation myocardial infarction.The LMWHs could potentially replace unfractionated heparin as the antithrombotic agent of choice across the spectrum of ACSs. In addition, they show promise as a safe and efficacious antithrombotic agent for PCI. However, further study is warranted to define the benefit of LMWHs in certain high-risk subgroups before their use can be universally recommended.
Significance of the detection of antineutrophil antibodies in children with chronic neutropenia
Authors: Masao Kobayashi, Kazuhiro Nakamura, Hiroshi Kawaguchi, Takashi Sato, Hirotaka Kihara, Asako Hiraoka, Misae Tanihiro, Kikuyo Taniguchi, Noboru Takata, Kazuhiro Ueda
Journal: Blood (2002)
The New Procedure for Evaluating the Clinical Competence of Candidates to Be Certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine
Authors: ROBERT G. PETERSDORF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

The written examination in general internal medicine to be offered by the American Board of Internal Medicine in June 1972 will be a Certifying Examination. Those who pass it will be certified as Diplomates without further examination. Candidates who apply for the examination will be required by the Board, before they are accepted, to substantiate their competence in interviewing and examining patients and in related functions. This documentation should be furnished by the director of the residency training program in general internal medicine in the hospital where the applicant is in training. The Board suggests that the program director establish a committee to assist in the evaluation. It is strongly urged that hospital departments of medicine evaluate the clinical skills of their trainees repeatedly throughout the period of education as intern, resident, and fellow.
Polymorphism of carbon oxidation of drugs and clinical implications.
Authors: T P Sloan, A Mahgoub, R Lancaster, J R Idle, R L Smith
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Eight volunteers previously phenotyped for their ability to hydroxylate debrisoquine (four extensive metabolisers (EM), four poor metabolisers (PM) were investigated for their metabolic handling of guanoxan and phenacetin. All three drugs are oxidised at carbon centres. Oxidative dealkylation of phenacetin was determined by measuring the rate of formation of paracetamol. The EM subjects excreted mostly metabolites of guanoxan (mean 29% of dose), whereas the PM group excreted large amounts of unchanged drug (48% of dose). The rate of formation of paracetamol was noticeably slower in the PM group, and, when analysed by minimum estimates of apparent first-order rate constants, the difference between the two phenotypes was significant. Thus the hydroxylation defect shown for debrisoquine metabolism carries over to the oxidative metabolism of phenacetin and guanoxan. Some 5% of the population are genetically defective hydroxylators of drugs. Thus methods for evaluating the metabolism of new drugs in respect of usage and side effects need to be revised.
Review of five cases of early gastric carcinoma.
Authors: D I Fevre, P H Green, P J Barratt, G S Nagy
Journal: Gut (1976)

Five cases of early gastric carcinoma (EGC) were seen in 12 months. The clinical features did not provide guide-lines to diagnosis, which depends on air contrast barium studies, endoscopic recognition of early malignancy, adequate biopsies, and their interpretation. Malignancy was present in an average of 60% of the biopsies taken. The most common type of lesion was IIc. The superficial nature of the malignancy was predicted at endoscopy in four cases but was unsuspected in one case which was considered to be advanced carcinoma until the resected specimen was throughly examined microscopically. The excellent prognosis of EGC was discussed. Only conservative surgery need be performed if the superficial nature of the lesion is recognized before operation.
What Is the Role for the Circumferential Margin in the Modern Treatment of Rectal Cancer?
Authors: Iris D. Nagtegaal, Phil Quirke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Purpose Treatment of rectal cancer has changed dramatically over the last decade. The worldwide introduction of total mesorectal excision in combination with the increasing use of radio(chemo)–therapy has led to an improved prognosis. One of the main prognostic factors in rectal cancer is the circumferential resection margin (CRM). Since the initial description of its clinical importance in 1986, the involvement of this margin (also called lateral or radial resection margin) has been associated with a poor prognosis. Methods In the current review, the evidence for the importance of the CRM in more than 17,500 patients is reviewed, and the relevance of this assessment to modern treatment is assessed. Results We demonstrate that, after neoadjuvant therapy (both radiotherapy and radiochemotherapy), the predictive value of the CRM for local recurrence is significantly higher than when no preoperative therapy has been applied (hazard ratio [HR] = 6.3 v 2.0, respectively; P &lt; .05). Furthermore, involvement of the CRM is a powerful predictor of both development of distant metastases (HR = 2.8; 95% CI, 1.9 to 4.3) and survival (HR = 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3 to 2.3). In addition to the prognostic data, this review describes different modes of margin involvement, exact definitions, and factors influencing its presence. Conclusion CRM involvement is one of the key factors in rectal cancer treatment.
Time to biochemical failure and prostate-specific antigen doubling time as surrogates for prostate cancer-specific mortality: evidence from the TROG 96.01 randomised controlled trial
Authors: James W Denham, Allison Steigler, Chantelle Wilcox, David S Lamb, David Joseph, Chris Atkinson, John Matthews, Keen-Hun Tai, Nigel A Spry, David Christie, Paul S Gleeson, Peter B Greer, Catherine D'Este
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2008)
Strong Immunogenicity and Cross-Reactivity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESX-5 Type VII Secretion -Encoded PE-PPE Proteins Predicts Vaccine Potential
Authors: Fadel Sayes, Lin Sun, Mariagrazia Di Luca, Roxane Simeone, Nathalie Degaiffier, Laurence Fiette, Semih Esin, Roland Brosch, Daria Bottai, Claude Leclerc, Laleh Majlessi
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2012)
Electrical Stimulation of Myoblast Proliferation and Differentiation on Aligned Nanostructured Conductive Polymer Platforms
Authors: Anita F. Quigley, Joselito M. Razal, Magdalena Kita, Rohoullah Jalili, Amy Gelmi, Anthony Penington, Raquel Ovalle‐Robles, Ray H. Baughman, Graeme M. Clark, Gordon G. Wallace, Robert M. I. Kapsa
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

In this study, nanostructured conductive platforms synthesized from aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes and polypyrrole are investigated as myo-regenerative scaffolds. Myotube formation follows a linear path on the platforms coinciding with extent of nanotopography. In addition, electrical stimulation enhances myo-nuclear number and differentiation. These studies demonstrate that conductive polymer platforms can be used to influence muscle cell behaviour through nanostructure and electrical stimulation. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as "Supporting Information". Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Workers behind China's economic miracle are paying a heavy price
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A conservative estimate of the number of workers in China with occupation related pneumoconiosis puts the figure at 1 million, many of whom are migrant workers, and who are routinely denied access to compensation, says a report by the Hong Kong based non-government organisation, China Labour Bulletin.

The report used official figures and press reports from state media to estimate the number of workers in China with pneumoconiosis, including black lung disease among coal workers and silicosis caused by prolonged exposure to mineral and metal dust in the construction and jewellery industries. 

Together the two conditions account for nearly 90% of new reported cases of pneumoconiosis. Much of …
Electrocardiographic Changes in Intracranial Hemorrhage Mimicking Myocardial Infarction
Authors: W Brian Bailey, Bernard R Chaitman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

A 19-year-old man was admitted to the trauma unit after being struck in the left temple by a brick. Surgery to evacuate an intracranial hemorrhage was performed, and an electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded 48 hours later, after a transient episode of hypoxemia. The tracing showed marked ST-segment elevation in leads II, III, aVF, and V6 accompanied by ST-segment depression and inverted T waves in leads V3 to V5, mimicking the changes seen in acute myocardial ischemia. The QT interval was markedly prolonged. Serial measurements of cardiac-enzyme levels and an echocardiogram were normal. The next morning, the . . .
A History of the Circus Movement (Entrapped Circuit Wave) Hypothesis.
Authors: David A. Rytand
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 May 1965A History of the Circus Movement (Entrapped Circuit Wave) Hypothesis.David A. Rytand, M.D., F.A.C.P.David A. Rytand, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-5-1070_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn the half-century of its existence, the circus movement (entrapped circuit wave) hypothesis has been accepted, rejected, misquoted, and widely misunderstood when not ignored altogether. Even were the hypothesis not enjoying a modest revival in popularity at present, it would appear reasonable that one have a correct understanding of this important medical and physiological concept.The original papers of its founders, A. G. Mayer, G. R. Mines, W. E. Garrey, and T. Lewis were examined with care; portraits and biographies were obtained. Mayer's classic experiments on rings of jellyfish were repeated successfully, and motion pictures of the entrapped contraction wave... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Palo Alto, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThe Onset of Dilute Polymer Solution Phenomena 1 May 1965Volume 62, Issue 5Page: 1070-1070 Issue Published: 1 May 1965 PDF DownloadLoading ...
[117] APELIN, A NOVEL NEUROENDOCRINE PEPTIDE, PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR DYSFUNCTION IN CIRRHOSIS
Authors: A. Principe, G. Fernandez-Varo, P. Melgar-Lesmes, V. Arroyo, M. Bernard, J. Rodes, W. Jimenez
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Weight change and duration of overweight and obesity in the incidence of type 2 diabetes.
Authors: S G Wannamethee, A G Shaper
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between weight change and duration of overweight and obesity and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in a cohort of middle-aged British men. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We carried out a prospective study of cardiovascular disease in men aged 40-59 years at screening (1978-1980), drawn from one general practice in 24 British towns, who completed a postal questionnaire 5 years later (Q5) and for whom data on BMI at year 1 (Q1) and Q5 were available (n = 7,100). Men with diabetes at Q1 or Q5 and men with hyperglycemia at Q1 were excluded from the study (n = 184). The main outcome measure was type 2 diabetes (physician-diagnosed) during a mean follow-up period of 12 years starting at Q5 (1983-1985). RESULTS: In the 6,916 men with no history or evidence of diabetes, there were 237 incident cases of type 2 diabetes during the mean follow-up period of 12 years, a rate of 3.2/1,000 person-years. Substantial weight gain (&amp;gt;10%) was associated with a significant increase in risk of type 2 diabetes compared with that in men with stable weight (relative risk [RR] 1.61 [95% CI 1.01-2.56]) after adjustment for age, initial BMI, and other risk factors. Excluding men who developed diabetes within 4 years after the period of weight change increased the risk further (1.81 [1.09-3.00]). After adjustment and exclusion of men who developed diabetes early in the follow-up, weight loss (&amp;gt; or =4%) was associated with a reduction in the risk of type 2 diabetes, compared with that in the stable group, that reached marginal significance (0.65 [0.42-1.03], P = 0.07). A test for trend that fitted weight change as a continuous covariate showed the risk of diabetes to increase significantly from maximum weight loss to maximum weight gain (P = 0.0009). The lower risk associated with weight loss was seen in obese (&amp;gt; or =28 kg/m2) and nonobese subjects and in men with normal (&amp;lt;6.1 mmol/l) and high (&amp;gt; or =6.1 mmol/l) nonfasting blood glucose levels. Although not statistically significant, this is consistent with a benefit from weight loss. Risk of type 2 diabetes increased progressively and significantly with increasing levels of initial BMI and also with the duration of overweight and obesity (P&amp;lt;0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the critical importance of overweight and obesity, particularly of long duration, in the development of type 2 diabetes. The data support current public health recommendations to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes by preventing weight gain in middle-aged men who are not overweight and by encouraging weight loss in overweight and obese men.
Genetic Evidence Supporting Selection of the Vα14i NKT Cell Lineage from Double-Positive Thymocyte Precursors
Authors: Takeshi Egawa, Gerard Eberl, Ichiro Taniuchi, Kamel Benlagha, Frederic Geissmann, Lothar Hennighausen, Albert Bendelac, Dan R. Littman
Journal: Immunity (2005)
New Software Tool Automates and Improves the Accuracy of Phylogenetic Inference from Next-Generation Sequencing Data
Authors: J. Caspermeyer
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

To reconstruct phylogenetic trees from next-generation sequencing data using traditional methods requires a time-consuming combination of bioinformatic procedures including genome assembly, gene prediction, orthology identification, and multiple alignment. As a consequence, more recently, scientists have relied on a simpler method where short-sequence reads from each species are aligned directly to the genome sequence of a single reference sequence. Bertels et al. (2014) not only show that this simpler method can lead to significant errors and biases in phylogeny reconstruction but also have developed a new online tool called REALPHY (reference sequence alignment-based phylogeny builder) that automatically reconstructs evolutionary trees from data generated by next-generation sequencing data in a way that avoids these errors and biases. Applying this new method to several collections of bacterial genomes, the authors show that the method is at least as accurate, and often more accurate, than the traditional methods. “We hope that REALPHY will make it easier to reconstruct phylogenies from whole genome sequences, so people can focus on solving biological problems instead of dealing with technical issues,” said Frederic Bertels (Bertels et al. 2014) of the University of Basel, Switzerland. The software is simple enough for biologists without much bioinformatics expertise to use. REALPHY is available through a web server (http://realphy.unibas.ch/fcgi/realphy, last accessed March 19, 2014), allowing for the fast and automated generation of multiple sequence alignments from a variety of genome sequence data formats (e.g., Illumina sequences, draft genomes, fully sequenced genomes) and the automated reconstruction of phylogenies from these alignments.
Letter: Monkeys for research.
Authors: R Schenkel
Journal: BMJ (1973)

be recorded when the fetus is still alive.The authors suggest that when the fetal circulation is failing there is likely to be a gradual reduction in the voltage of the fetal signal until the maternal rate rather than the fetal is recorded.Though this alarming possibility is theoretically possible it has never been re- ported in the literature, nor have I observed it.Before jumping to a concl,usion that might detract from the value of continuous monitoring of the fetal heart rate, it would be of considerable interest to find out through your columnns whether any of your readers have had such a case which is well docu- mented.
Association Between 9p21 Genomic Markers and Heart Disease
Authors: Glenn E. Palomaki, Stephanie Melillo, Linda A. Bradley
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Associations between chromosome 9p21 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and heart disease have been reported and replicated. If testing improves risk assessments using traditional factors, it may provide opportunities to improve public health.To perform a targeted systematic review of published literature for effect size, heterogeneity, publication bias, and strength of evidence and to consider whether testing might provide clinical utility.Electronic search via HuGE Navigator through January 2009 and review of reference lists from included articles.English-language articles that tested for 9p21 SNPs with coronary heart/artery disease or myocardial infarction as primary outcomes. Included articles also provided race, numbers of participants, and data to compute an odds ratio (OR). Articles were excluded if reporting only intermediate outcomes (eg, atherosclerosis) or if all participants had existing disease. Twenty-five articles were initially identified and 16 were included. A follow-up search identified 6 additional articles.Independent extraction was performed by 2 reviewers and consensus was reached. Credibility of evidence was assessed using published Venice criteria.Forty-seven distinct data sets from the 22 articles were analyzed, including 35 872 cases and 95 837 controls. The summary OR for heart disease among individuals with 2 vs 1 at-risk alleles was 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21-1.29), with low to moderate heterogeneity. Age at disease diagnosis was a significant covariate, with ORs of 1.35 (95% CI, 1.30-1.40) for age 55 years or younger and 1.21 (95% CI, 1.16-1.25) for age 75 years or younger. For a 65-year-old man, the 10-year heart disease risk for 2 vs 1 at-risk alleles would be 13.2% vs 11%. For a 40-year-old woman, the 10-year heart disease risk for 2 vs 1 at-risk alleles would be 2.4% vs 2.0%. Nearly identical but inverse results were found when comparing 1 vs 0 at-risk alleles. Three studies showed net reclassification indexes ranging from -0.1% to 4.8%.We found a statistically significant association between 9p21 SNPs and heart disease that varied by age at disease onset, but the magnitude of the association was small.
BLEEDING AVOIDANCE STRATEGY: TRANSITION FROM FEMORAL TO RADIAL ARTERY AS THE PREFERRED ACCESS FOR CARDIAC PROCEDURES. THE WAKE FOREST ACADEMIC MEDICAL CENTER EXPERIENCE
Authors: Michael R. Manogue, Matthew T. Sacrinty, William C. Little, Sanjay K. Gandhi, Michael A. Kutcher, Renato M. Santos, Samuel J. Turner, Robert J. Applegate
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Antiarrhythmic effect of amiodarone on doxorubicin acute toxicity in working rat hearts
Authors: C. Lambert, C. Mossiat, M. Tanniere-Zeller, V. Maupoil, L. Rochette
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

The clinical application of doxorubicin, a potent cytotoxic agent, is limited by a dose dependent cardiotoxicity and by the acquired resistance of the neoplastic cells. Recently, the sensitivity of resistant cancer cells to doxorubicin has been enhanced by the acute administration of amiodarone. The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not this potentiates the cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin.Hearts from rats pretreated or not with amiodarone 50 mg.kg-1.d-1 for 5 d were perfused via the left atrium with a Krebs-Henseleit solution containing, or not, doxorubicin 6 mg.litre-1. After 40 min of perfusion, the left main coronary artery was ligated and the ligature was maintained for 10 min. It was then cut and reperfusion continued for 10 min. The cardiac output, heart rate, and mean fibrillation duration induced by the reperfusion were measured by timed collections and ECG recordings.32 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g) were used throughout the study.After 40 min of perfusion, the cardiac output in the control and amiodarone groups was constant, but significant decreases of 25.5 and 30.4% were noted in both doxorubicin groups. The mean fibrillation durations observed during reperfusion were 331(73), 66(22), 444(86), and 22(9) s for the control, amiodarone, doxorubicin and amiodarone-doxorubicin groups respectively.Amiodarone, while maintaining its antiarrhythmic effect, did not potentiate the negative inotropic effect of doxorubicin. These results suggest that the cardiotoxicity produced by the clinically acute administration of amiodarone with doxorubicin is not greater than that caused by doxorubicin given alone.