tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Thromboembolism after Cardioversion for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Tsung O. Cheng
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 December 1997Thromboembolism after Cardioversion for Atrial FibrillationTsung O. Cheng, MDTsung O. Cheng, MDGeorge Washington University Medical Center; Washington, DC 20032Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-11-199712010-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read with interest the report on the risk for thromboembolism associated with conversion to sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation lasting less than 48 hours [1]. Despite the authors' finding that such patients had a low likelihood of cardioversion-related clinical thromboembolism, the authors recommended that anticoagulation with intravenous heparin be initiated on hospital admission for all patients with atrial fibrillation. This recommendation would extend to patients whose clinically estimated duration of atrial fibrillation is less than 48 hours. I wonder why the authors did not believe in their own data.References1. Weigner MJ, Caulfield TA, Danias PG, Silverman DI, Manning WJ. Risk for clinical thromboembolism associated with conversion to sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation lasting less than 48 hours. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 126:615-20. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: George Washington University Medical Center; Washington, DC 20032 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1997Volume 127, Issue 11Page: 1039KeywordsAtrial fibrillationHeparinRisk managementThromboembolism Issue Published: 1 December 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Depot grass-pollen injections in asthma: effect of repeated treatment on clinical response and measured bronchial sensitivity.
Authors: M. K. McAllen, P. J. Heaf, P. McInroy
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Alloreactive regulatory T cells (arTregs) expanded with CD40L-stimulated B cells (sBcs) are being tested clinically to induce tolerance and control rejection in liver and kidney transplantation. In research settings, allogeneic monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) have been shown to expand arTregs. We directly compared the efficacy of sBcs and cytokine-matured moDCs in expanding arTregs, and the phenotype of sBc-stimulated arTregs (sBc-arTregs) and moDC-stimulated arTregs (moDC-arTregs). arTregs expanded twice as much after stimulation with moDCs than with sBcs. Neither sBcs nor moDCs produced much TNFα, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12P70, or IL-23 that can destabilize Tregs. sBc- and moDC-arTregs expressed similar percentages of Treg-defining markers - FOXP3, HELIOS, CD25, CD27, and CD62L. moDC-arTregs had slightly elevated FOXP3 and CD62L MFI. Compared to primary Tregs, sBc- and moDC-arTregs expressed similar or decreased levels of <i>TBX21</i>, <i>GATA3</i>, and <i>RORC</i> mRNA. However, greater percentages of moDC-arTregs produced IFNγ, IL-4, and IL-17A, and a greater percentage of sBc-arTregs produced IL-17A, but far less than those percentages produced by similarly stimulated conventional CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells (Tconvs). The majority of cytokine-expressing arTregs were FOXP3<sup>+</sup>. Percentages of CXCR3 and CCR4, but not CCR6, increased after sBc and moDC stimulation. Using a 770-gene Nanostring panel and unsupervised clustering, sBc- and moDCs-arTregs were found to be mostly similar, but distinct from primary Tregs and further separated from Tconvs. Thus, arTregs expanded by sBcs or moDCs are phenotypically similar, likely stable, and had features that may enable them to traffic to inflammatory sites, e.g. transplanted organs undergoing alloimmune attack.
Treatment INDs: Research for Hire?
Authors: Grace Powers Monaco
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Since June 1987 the Food and Drug Administration has permitted "desperately" ill patients (those with serious or immediately life-threatening illnesses) to purchase investigational new drugs (INDs) conditioned on an absense of comparable or satisfactory therapy and on an adequate enrollment in ongoing clinical trials. The authors question the assumption by large numbers of patients of the risks of new therapies, usually restricted to small numbers of research subjects, before there is any certainty of benefit. They predict that insurers will be exposed to litigation over reimbursement for these "treatment INDs," whose status in insurance contracts is ambiguous, as will physicians who because of their professional judgment fail to disclose experimental options. The authors suggest that since insurers and patients are becoming sponsors of research, insurers should be encouraged to develop new policies that will permit reimbursement for experimental therapies when appropriate.
Approaches to Reducing Consumption of Alcohol by Youth
Authors: Matt Walcoff
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The fuzzy zone between exaptation and phenotypic adaptation
Authors: Eric Alden Smith
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

The target article adopts an adaptationist research strategy that, while logically coherent, suffers from various limitations, including problems in reconstructing past selective environments, ambiguity in how narrowly to define adaptive problems or selection pressures, and an overemphasis on specialization in evolved psychological mechanisms. To remedy these problems, I support a more flexible approach involving phenotypic adaptation and cultural evolution.
Comparison of chloroquine, pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine, and chlorproguanil and dapsone as treatment for falciparum malaria in pregnant and non-pregnant women, Kakamega District, Kenya.
Authors: M Keuter, A van Eijk, M Hoogstrate, M Raasveld, M van de Ree, W A Ngwawe, W M Watkins, J B Were, A D Brandling-Bennett
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To compare treatment and protection against falciparum malaria in pregnant and non-pregnant women with three drug regimens. DESIGN--Prospective intervention study with six weeks9 follow up. Patients received one of three drug regimens in order of entry. SETTING--Primary care hospital and secondary girls9 school in rural western Kenya. PATIENTS--158 of 988 pregnant women (89 primigravid and 69 multigravid) in the third trimester and 105 of 1488 non-pregnant schoolgirls of reproductive age were parasitaemic (more than 500 asexual forms/microliter. These women were divided into three treatment groups by gravid state. INTERVENTIONS--Women were treated with chloroquine base 25 mg/kg over three days or pyrimethamine 75 mg and sulfadoxine 1500 mg as a single dose or chlorproguanil 1.2 mg/kg and dapsone 2.4 mg/kg as a single dose. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Parasitaemia and haemoglobin concentrations measured at seven day intervals for six weeks. RESULTS--Primigravid women were more likely to be parasitaemic on follow up than multigravidas or nulligravidas, whose response was about the same. Parasites did not clear by day 7 in primigravidas in six (20%) of 30 who received chloroquine, three (8%) of 35 treated with pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine, and none of 23 treated with chlorproguanil and dapsone. At day 28, 83%, 19%, and 67% of primigravidas in these treatment groups were parasitaemic. Haemoglobin concentrations rose in all women, but improvement was sustained only in women who remained free of parasites. CONCLUSIONS--Clearance of parasites was better with either pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine or chlorproguanil and dapsone than with chloroquine. Longest protection was obtained with pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine.
Mixed‐Charge Nanoparticles for Long Circulation, Low Reticuloendothelial System Clearance, and High Tumor Accumulation
Authors: Xiangsheng Liu, Huan Li, Yangjun Chen, Qiao Jin, Kefeng Ren, Jian Ji
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Mixed-charge zwitterionic surface modification shows great potential as a simple strategy to fabricate nanoparticle (NP) surfaces that are nonfouling. Here, the in vivo fate of 16 nm mixed-charge gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is investigated, coated with mixed quaternary ammonium and sulfonic groups. The results show that mixed-charge AuNPs have a much longer blood half-life (≈30.6 h) than do poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, M¯w = 2000) -coated AuNPs (≈6.65 h) and they accumulate in the liver and spleen far less than do the PEGylated AuNPs. Using transmission electron microscopy, it is further confirmed that the mixed-charge AuNPs have much lower uptake and different existing states in liver Kupffer cells and spleen macrophages one month after injection compared with the PEGylated AuNPs. Moreover, these mixed-charge AuNPs do not cause appreciable toxicity at this tested dose to mice in a period of 1 month as evidenced by histological examinations. Importantly, the mixed-charge AuNPs have higher accumulation and slower clearance in tumors than do PEGylated AuNPs for times of 24-72 h. Results from this work show promise for effectively designing tumor-targeting NPs that can minimize reticuloendothelial system clearance and circulate for long periods by using a simple mixed-charge strategy.
Hemoglobinuria Following Closed Cardiac Massage
Authors: Parthasarathy Narasimhan
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  Frank hemoglobunuria as a complication of cardiac massage must be rare. We recently observed this unique (self-limiting) complication after vigorous massage.  Report of a Case.—  A 78-year-old white man suffered a dull, aching, and persistent retrosternal pain for four days. He was in no distress. The blood pressure was 116/70 mm Hg; pulse, 68 beats per minutes and regular. Fundi showed arteriosclerotic changes. Neck veins were flat. The apex of the heart was in the fifth intercostal space in midclavicular line. The sounds were normal. The lungs were clear.  Shortly after admission, cardiac arrest occurred. The physician started vigorous closed-chest cardiac massage with a hard board under the patient's mattress. The emergency team arrived within two minutes. An electrocardiographic tracing showed ventricular fibrillation. The patient was intubated and defibrillated, with the cardiac rhythm returning to normal. The first sample of urine, passed four hours after the cardiac
A1.1 Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibody Specific Fc Glycosylation Patterns in Arthralgia Patients
Authors: AC Kempers, HU Scherer, Y Rombouts, E Ewing, LA van de Stadt, MHJ Selman, AM Deelder, TWJ Huizinga, M Wuhrer, D van Schaardenburg, REM Toes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background/Objectives</h3> During rheumatoid arthritis, anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) exhibit a specific, pro-inflammatory Fc glycosylation profile that is characterised by a low content of galactose and sialic acid residues. The absence of these sugars from the Fc-linked core glycan could influence the biological activity of ACPA during disease. As ACPA can be detected in sera several years before disease development, we hypothesised that a change in ACPA Fc-glycosylation might precede the onset of arthritis. <h3>Methods</h3> Serum samples (n = 300) of patients with ACPA positive arthralgia (n = 184) were obtained at various time points. In this cohort, 96 patients developed arthritis after an average duration of 14.7 months of arthralgia. At the time of the onset of arthritis, patients were defined as having rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n = 51) based on the 1987 ACR criteria for RA, or undifferentiated arthritis (UA, n = 45). ACPA were isolated from serum samples by affinity purification, using cyclic citrullinated peptides as antigen. Purified ACPA-IgG and total serum IgG were digested with trypsin and resulting IgG1 Fc glycopeptides were analysed by mass spectrometry. <h3>Results</h3> No significant change in Fc-glycosylation patterns was found between ACPA-specific and total serum IgG1 at the patients' first presentation with arthralgia (baseline). However, at diagnosis of arthritis, RA patients but not patients with UA exhibited increased hypogalactosylation of the ACPA and total IgG Fc fragments compared to healthy donors. The decrease of ACPA galactosylation levels at the Fc-tail occurred at 6 months before diagnosis and was significantly more pronounced at 3 months before diagnosis compared to total IgG. <h3>Conclusions</h3> A decrease in Fc-galactosylation levels of ACPA occurred around 6 months prior to RA onset. Of interest, this ACPA hypogalactosylation was more pronounced than that of total IgG1, indicating that a more pro-inflammatory Fc-glycosylation pattern could be one mechanism driving inflammation in RA.
Similarity of Ventricular Function in Patients Alive 5 Years After Randomization to Surgery or Angioplasty in the BARI Trial
Authors: Raymond J. Gibbons, D. Douglas Miller, Peter Liu, Ping Guo, Maria Mori Brooks, Markus Schwaiger
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is a recognized determinant of survival in patients with coronary artery disease. In major trials comparing surgical and percutaneous revascularization approaches, the long-term effect of the coronary revascularization strategy on LVEF has not been reported. Methods and Results —In the NHLBI-sponsored Bypass and Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (BARI) randomized trial comparing angioplasty and bypass surgery as initial treatment strategies, 1220 (75%) of the 1617 surviving randomized patients had their EF measured by radionuclide ventriculography 5 years after study entry. For the total study group, the 5-year EF in the CABG group (n=623) was 55.8±12.3, compared with 55.7±12.7 in PTCA group (n=597, P =0.82). There was no significant difference in measured EF between the CABG group and the PTCA group within multiple subgroups determined by the presence or absence of diabetes, 3-vessel disease, complete revascularization, or prior myocardial infarction. In a multiple linear regression model developed to predict 5-year EF, treatment assignment to PTCA or CABG was not significant ( P =0.95). If an EF of 0 was imputed for patients who were dead and missing EF data, however, there was a higher EF in the CABG group ( P =0.0018) among diabetic patients only. Conclusions —In the BARI randomized trial, initial treatment assignment to angioplasty was not associated with any difference in long-term ventricular function compared with initial treatment assignment to surgery. These results apply, however, only to patients who were alive at 5 years.
594 INCREASE IN NUMBER AND FUNCTION OF ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELLS ENHANCE ANGIOGENESIS IN CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES THROUGH PARACRINE FACTORS
Authors: D.M. Tripathi, S. Kour, K. Dongre, V. Garg, S. Rooge, A. Mukopadhyay, S.K. Sarin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
An Address on Collective Investigation of Disease
Authors: W. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1883)

late years than I used, and that is, Always when we change a @res- ,4,ing, invariably first to cover the wound with something pure; not to twah the surrounding parts-with antiseptic solbtion, ancd then, -after this has been done1 put a dciessing on the wound; but before -we begin to.defile the lotion at all, put on the wound what Jis pure, and, last thing of all, wash the surrounding parts, >which, though they look the same to our eyes, are different toto
Book Review Arrhythmias and Sudden Death in Athletes (Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine. Vol. 232.) Edited by A. Bayés de Luna, F. Furlanello, B.J. Maron, and D.P. Zipes. 163 pp., illustrated. Boston, Kluwer Academic, 2000. $77. 0-7923-6337-X
Authors: Richard Crampton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)
Digital mammography is more accurate only for certain groups of women
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Digital mammography was significantly better than conventional film mammography at detecting breast cancer in young women, premenopausal and perimenopausal women, and women with dense breasts. These results are from a study of 49 528 asymptomatic women at 33 sites in the United States and Canada and were published online on 16 September 2005 in the New England Journal of Medicine (www.nejm.com/, doi:10.1056/NEJMoa052911).

Results of the trial, conducted by the American College of Radiology Imaging Network over two years, were released on the internet last week to coincide …
564 Limitations of the core antigen assay as a second line supplement test in the diagnosis of active HCV infection
Authors: M KRAJDEN, R SHIVJI, K GUNADASA, A MAK, G MCNABB, M FRIESENHAHN, D HENDRICKS, L COMANOR
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Adaptation of the branched DNA signal amplification technology to flow cytometry has resulted in a quantitative nucleic-acid assay with significant advantages over the microwell-based format. In this assay, microbeads, rather than microwell plates, are derivatized with nucleic-acid capture probes and the derivatized beads are used to capture single nucleic-acid targets, which then capture fluorescent reporter probes via branched DNA. The assay detects DNA or RNA targets, has a current lower sensitivity limit of 500 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA molecules and responds linearly to target level from 500 to at least 50 000 molecules. Since microbeads can easily interrogate large volumes, viral lysis and genomic RNA capture can proceed in one step from comparatively large volumes, and sample preparation is greatly simplified compared to the microwell-format bDNA assay.
Declaration Has Health Message for Politicians
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1992)

THE VICTORIA DECLARATION is in the wings, awaiting its moment on the world's stage. Issued during the International Heart Health Conference in Victoria, British Columbia, the declaration is a 44-page series of recommendations for reducing health risks. John W. Farquhar, MD, chair of the 21-member advisory committee, characterizes its status as "an agenda waiting to be adopted—not an official policy of any nation yet," although it has been presented to Canada's Parliament in Ottawa, Ontario. The declaration states that "the primary challenge now is to maintain the downward trend [in health risks] while at the same time assisting and encouraging countries where rates of heart disease are increasing—the developing world, and Central and Eastern Europe—to make use of the scientific knowledge already available from experiences in countries where rates are on the decline." For example, it recommends that governments legislate an end to advertising and promotion of tobacco products, seek
INCREASE NUMBER OF NEW CALCIFIED LESIONS ON SERIAL NON-ENHANCED CARDIAC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND RELATION TO ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY
Authors: Anas Alani, Rine Nakanishi, Dong Li, Suguru Matsumoto, Panteha Rezaeian, Sirous Darabian, Matthew Budoff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
860. Tissue Distribution of Expression Using AAV8-Based Vectors after Intramuscular Injection and Other Routes of Delivery
Authors: Tsuyoshi Ogura, Hiroaki Mizukami, YuanYuan Zhang, Takashi Okada, Akihiro Kume, Seiji Madoiwa, Jun Mimuro, Yoichi Sakata, Keiya Ozawa
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)
Quantitative Measurements of Cardiac Phosphorus Metabolites in Coronary Artery Disease by <sup>31</sup> P Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Takahiro Yabe, Kenichi Mitsunami, Toshiro Inubushi, Masahiko Kinoshita
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background 31 P metabolite measurements in the human heart by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) have been reported previously. By use of a method in which metabolite content was quantified with reference to a standard located outside the chest, it has become possible to measure the content of phosphocreatine (PCr) and ATP in vivo in the human heart. In this study, PCr and ATP contents were measured by 31 P MRS and compared in human myocardium with reversible ischemia or scar diagnosed by exercise thallium scintigraphy. Methods and Results Forty-one subjects with stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery (&gt;50%) and 11 healthy control subjects (C) composed the present study group. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of exercise 201 Tl scintigraphy: a reversible 201 Tl defect group (RD[+], n=29) who demonstrated redistribution at late image and a fixed 201 Tl defect group (RD[−], n=12). While the subjects lay supine within the magnet, 31 P MR spectra were obtained from the anterior and apical regions of the left ventricle by slice-selected one-dimensional chemical shift imaging. For metabolite quantification, a standard was placed at the center of the surface coil. ANOVA revealed significant differences among the three groups with respect to the mean (±SD) PCr at rest (C, 12.14±4.25 &gt;RD[+], 7.64±3.00 &gt;RD[−], 3.94±2.21 μmol/g wet heart tissue, P &lt;.05) as well as a significant decrease in ATP in the RD(−) group (C, 7.72±2.97; RD[+], 6.35±3.17 &gt;RD[−], 4.35±1.52 μmol/g wet heart tissue, P &lt;.05). Conclusions Compared with healthy control subjects, PCr content decreased significantly in patients with both reversible and fixed 201 Tl defects, and ATP content decreased significantly in subjects with fixed thallium defects. These results suggest that the measurement of ATP content in the human heart by 31 P MRS is a clinically important method for the evaluation of myocardial viability.
Points: Talking points in child abuse
Authors: B Thalayasingam
Journal: BMJ (1985)

ments committees, grant awarding bodies, etc, are more impressed by the quantity than by the quality of published work.Unfortunately, the medical profession can- not seek guidance in proper behaviour from the scientific community, whose morals are questioned because of duplication and fraud.2Among so called pure scientists the ethic of "publish or perish" seems even more revered.Only when it is agreed that scientific communications are intended to further knowledge, rather than careers or egos, will we reach the peak of the present, senseless, exponential
Trial results raise hope for dengue fever vaccine
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A tetravalent dengue vaccine has shown efficacy against dengue fever and severe dengue fever and led to fewer hospitalisations in a randomised, blinded, placebo controlled trial.

The efficacy trial, reported in the New England Journal of Medicine ,1 was carried out in five Latin American countries in which dengue is endemic. A total of 20 869 healthy children aged 9 to 16 were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive either three injections of recombinant, live attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) or placebo.

Dengue is transmitted by mosquitoes …