tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Residual flow to the infarct zone as a determinant of infarct size after direct angioplasty.
Authors: I P Clements, T F Christian, S T Higano, R J Gibbons, B J Gersh
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND In acute myocardial infarction, residual flow to the infarct zone either through antegrade flow in the infarct-related coronary artery or collateral flow from the non-infarct-related arteries is often present before reperfusion therapy. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of antegrade flow in the infarct-related artery and/or collateral flow to the infarct zone before successful direct angioplasty on infarct size and myocardial salvage in patients with acute evolving myocardial infarction. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixty patients with acute evolving myocardial infarction underwent direct successful angioplasty without prior thrombolytic therapy. The myocardium at risk of infarction, the final infarct size, and myocardial salvage were measured by tomographic perfusion imaging with 99mTc sestamibi. Antegrade flow in the infarct-related artery before intervention was graded according to the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) study group classification. Collateral flow to the infarct zone before angioplasty was also graded (0 through 3, 0 being no collateral flow). The presence of even minimal antegrade flow before angioplasty (TIMI grade 1) in the infarct-related artery compared with absent flow was associated with a significant reduction in final infarct size (9 +/- 17% versus 23 +/- 19% of left ventricle, P = .02) and a significant increase in myocardial salvage (23 +/- 16% versus 14 +/- 13% of left ventricle, P = .05) after angioplasty. When antegrade flow in the infarct-related artery was absent before angioplasty, the presence of collateral flow before angioplasty resulted in a significantly smaller final infarct size (P = .01) and more myocardial salvage (P = .05) after angioplasty. Both antegrade infarct-related artery flow and collateral flow to the infarct zone had significant independent ability to predict infarct size after angioplasty. When collateral grade and TIMI grade were added to provide an estimate of residual flow, a model including residual flow, myocardium at risk, and the interaction of residual flow and infarct site explained 83% of the variability in infarct size after angioplasty. CONCLUSIONS The presence of antegrade flow in the infarct-related artery and/or collateral flow to the infarct zone before direct angioplasty in acute evolving infarction results in a smaller infarct size after direct successful angioplasty.
Downregulation of microfilament expression in atherosclerotic plaque is mediated by oxidized low-density lipoprotein
Authors: Koichi Ono, Tao Peng, Jie Du, Yusuke Higashi, Yoshifumi Okura, Hiroyuki Itabe, Arkady Goubine, Patrice Delafontaine
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Vasodilator administration in the presence of beta-adrenergic blockade.
Authors: W J Mroczek, W R Lee, M E Davidov, F A Finnerty
Journal: Circulation (1976)

To explore the possibility that the presence of propranolol-induced beta-adrenergic blockade might have an adverse effect upon homeostatic circulatory reflexes activated by the administration of a potent vasodilator agent, arterial blood pressure and pulse rate response to rapid intravenous diazoxide injection was monitored before and after pretreatment with propranolol in ten hypertensive patients. It appeared that beta-adrenergic blockade had no clinically significant effect on the magnitude of hypotension or the degree of heart rate acceleration induced by the administration of the potent vasodilator diazoxide. This reflex vasodilator-induced cardio-acceleration after propranolol adminstration could be the result of incomplete blockade of endogenously released neurotransmitter, inhibition of the parasympathetic nervous system, or a direct pharmacologic action of diazoxide. Diazoxide administration to hypertensive patients in the presence of beta-adrenergic blockade was not associated with any clinically significant hemodynamic consequences.
Capillary whole blood measurement of islet autoantibodies.
Authors: E Bazzigaluppi, R Bonfanti, P J Bingley, E Bosi, E Bonifacio
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: Islet cell antibody (ICA) measurements in serum are used for large-scale screening to identify subjects who are at high risk of developing type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to adapt measurements to capillary whole blood samples to facilitate and reduce screening costs. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: GAD65, IA-2, and combined GAD65/IA-2 antibody tests were performed on patients with type 1 diabetes, first-degree relatives of patients, and control subjects, and results from serum, plasma, whole venous blood, and capillary whole blood lysates were compared. Measurements obtained in serum and eluates from dried capillary blood spots from 36 ICA+ first-degree relatives were also compared. RESULTS: GAD65, IA-2, and combined GAD65/IA-2 antibody levels were completely concordant with measurements obtained from serum, plasma, whole venous blood, and capillary whole blood lysates. Antibody levels obtained in eluates from dried capillary blood spots were lower than corresponding serum samples, and weak antibodies were not detected. CONCLUSIONS: Initial screening for diabetes risk can be performed using one drop of capillary whole blood without further processing to separate serum. This method should be considered as a way to simplify and reduce costs of screening programs.
Vaccine improves memory in "Alzheimer's" mice
Authors: A. Berger
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Reports of a successful vaccine against Alzheimer's disease are causing excitement in the scientific community. The vaccine induces an immune response specifically against beta-amyloid (the protein that makes up senile plaques in Alzheimer's) and has been shown to reduce and prevent plaque formation in mice. Scientists have now shown that vaccination with this peptide is also associated with an improvement in cognitive function (Nature 2000;408:979-84).

Although a number of pathophysiological changes occur in the brains of people who develop Alzheimer's disease, beta-amyloid and its precursor protein are known to have a central role in how the disease comes about. About a year ago, Elan Pharmaceuticals reported immunisation of a transgenic mouse model with …
Retroperitoneal and Transperitoneal Robot-Assisted Pyeloplasty in Adults: Techniques and Results
Authors: Andrea Cestari, Nicolò Maria Buffi, Giuliana Lista, Mattia Sangalli, Emanuele Scapaticci, Fabio Fabbri, Massimo Lazzeri, Patrizio Rigatti, Giorgio Guazzoni
Journal: European Urology (2010)
A Strategy for Comparing the Contributions of Environmental Chemicals and Other Risk Factors to Neurodevelopment of Children
Authors: David C. Bellinger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

The impact of environmental chemicals on children's neurodevelopment is sometimes dismissed as unimportant because the magnitude of the impairments are considered to be clinically insignificant. Such a judgment reflects a failure to distinguish between individual and population risk. The population impact of a risk factor depends on both its effect size and its distribution (or incidence/prevalence).
Sensitivity of Rapid Antigen Detection Tests for Chlamydia trachomatis Screening
Authors: Daron Gale Ferris, L. Jeannine Petry, Paul M. Fischer
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Control of<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>has been problematic. As demonstrated impressively by Dr Hook and colleagues,<sup>1</sup>meaningful efforts must be comprehensive in scope and must consider the complete spectrum of interventions from prevention and diagnosis to treatment. We share similar interests in rapid<i>C trachomatis</i>testing.<sup>2-4</sup>Because these rapid tests are commonly used in small clinics without formally trained laboratory staff, we have examined the effects of operator variability and training on test performance.<sup>4,5</sup> Our initial evaluation of rapid<i>C trachomatis</i>tests in 1989 clearly demonstrated performance differences between manufacturers.<sup>2</sup>When compared with culture, the sensitivity of the Abbott TestPack<i>Chlamydia</i>(Abbott Park, Ill) was 51.7% and the Kodak Surecell<i>Chlamydia</i>test (Rochester, NY) was 76.7%. Our concern about this obvious discordance between the performance of these two rapid test products prompted a second investigation of three rapid tests<sup>4</sup>during February to May
Oestrogens and puerperal thrombosis.
Authors: M. Gunther, E. I. Kohorn
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Bwnm 769 degrees, will be what matters, but they will be quite essential for ensuring proper growth and distribution of scientific resources in the regions.It is not inconceivable that some may have started their scientific careers as pathologists.You make the point that the pathologist has no need of a new career structure, but the report does not propose that the careers structure of medical-graduate laboratory workers should be altered nor their numbers reduced.It does make it clear that an important aim is to attract more first-class scientists, medically qualified or otherwise.The proposed National Hospital Scientific Council, responsible for keeping an eye on the needs of the whole hospital scientific service, pathologists included, should do much to ensure that clinical and laboratory priorities, as regards buildings, staff, and equipment, no longer have to compete at local level.This, it seems to me, can do nothing but good.As an admittedly " academic," medically qualified biochemist, who is none the less fully involved in everyday hospital work, I personally welcome the report as a timely and courageous attempt to solve a number of complex and difficult problems before they get out of hand.I can but hope that the unimaginative, not to say prejudiced, tone of your leading
The role of alveolar macrophages in Pneumocystis carinii degradation and clearance from the lung.
Authors: A H Limper, J S Hoyte, J E Standing
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Although studies indicate that alveolar macrophages participate in host defense against Pneumocystis carinii, their role in organism degradation and clearance from the lung has not yet been established. We, therefore, quantified the uptake and degradation of 35S-labeled P. carinii by cultured macrophages, demonstrating significant degradation of P. carinii over 6 h. We further evaluated the role of macrophages in elimination of P. carinii from the living host. Rats received either intratracheal PBS, liposomal PBS (L-PBS), or liposomal dichloromethylene diphosphonate (L-Cl2MDP), a preparation which leads to selective depletion of macrophages. Over 72 h, L-Cl2MDP-treated animals had loss of > 85% of their alveolar macrophages. In contrast, L-PBS-treated rats had cellular differentials identical to rats receiving PBS. Macrophage-depleted rats and controls were next inoculated with P. carinii and organism clearance was determined after 24 h. P. carinii elimination was evaluated with both cyst counts and an ELISA directed against glycoprotein A (gpA), the major antigen of P. carinii. Both assays indicated that macrophage-depleted rats had substantial inpairment of P. carinii clearance compared to L-PBS- or PBS-treated rats. These data provide the first direct evidence that macrophages mediate elimination of P. carinii from the living host.
Innate and Adaptive Interferons Suppress IL-1α and IL-1β Production by Distinct Pulmonary Myeloid Subsets during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Katrin D. Mayer-Barber, Bruno B. Andrade, Daniel L. Barber, Sara Hieny, Carl G. Feng, Patricia Caspar, Sandy Oland, Siamon Gordon, Alan Sher
Journal: Immunity (2011)
Vasopressin reverses mesenteric hyperemia and vasoconstrictor hyporesponsiveness in anesthetized portal hypertensive rats
Authors: Akos Heinemann, Christof H. Wachter, Peter Fickert, Michael Trauner, Rudolf E. Stauber
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

We recently reported that vasopressin analogues correct the in vitro vascular hyporeactivity to adrenergic vasoconstrictors in portal hypertensive rats. The aim of the present study was to determine whether vasopressin reduces splanchnic blood flow in portal vein-ligated (PVL) rats by restoring vasoconstrictor responsiveness in vivo. The ultrasonic transit time-shift technique was used for blood flow measurements. At basal conditions, blood flow through the superior mesenteric artery was elevated 1.6-fold in PVL rats as compared with sham-operated (SHAM) control rats. PVL rats also exhibited blunted mesenteric constrictor responses to the adrenoceptor agonist, phenylephrine (0.03-1 micromol x min(-1) x kg(-1)). Terlipressin (2-20 microg x k(-1)) and arginine vasopressin (3-300 pmol x min(-1) x kg(-1)) dose-dependently reduced, and at the highest doses, even abolished, the difference in mesenteric blood flow (MBF) between PVL and SHAM rats. When expressed as percent changes relative to baseline, mesenteric arterial responses to terlipressin and arginine vasopressin were found to be enhanced in PVL rats as compared with SHAM rats. Moreover, pretreatment with terlipressin (20 microg x kg(-1)) reversed the mesenteric hyporesponsiveness to phenylephrine of PVL rats. These vasopressin effects were independent of the nitric oxide (NO) pathway, because they were not mimicked by inhibition of NO synthesis with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (0.1-10 mg x kg(-1)). These data indicate that pharmacological doses of vasopressin reverse the splanchnic hyperemia by restoring the responsiveness to adrenergic vasoconstrictors in portal hypertensive rats.
DEMONSTRATION OF PLATELET ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY SLOWING FACTOR (PSF) IN SUPERNATANTS OF HUMAN LYMPHOCYTE CULTURES STIMULATED BY PHYTOHAEMAGGLUTININ (PHA)
Authors: EMILIO JIRILLO, DAMIANO COLUCCI, ANNA DE SANTIS, IRENE MUNNO, DONATO FUMAROLA
Journal: Allergy (1977)

It has been demonstrated that human peripheral lymphocytes, stimulated with PHA, form or release a factor that slows platelet electrophoretic mobility (PEM). The factor is chromatographed on Ultrogel AC a 44, has a molecular weight of approximately 45,000, is stable on heating at 56 degrees C for 30 min, but is inactivated by heating at 80 degrees C for 10 min. In addition, it is distinct from leukocyte inhibiting factor, which elutes in the range of BSA (mol. wt. 69,000). The authors conclude, in accordance with previous investigations, that cellular immunity is involved in thrombotic processes.
Bias Estimates of Mortality Using Medis-Groups
Authors: Diane M. Throop
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Blumberg<sup>1</sup>recently described "bias" in the 1987 MedisGroups admission severity score. One conclusion was that severity is not a sufficient adjuster for interhospital comparisons. We studied three factors discussed by Blumberg using the 1991 MedisGroups system. Our study confirms the results of his analysis relative to the presence of bias, but suggests that bias does not have a practical effect on interhospital comparisons for two of the three factors. We used data from 32 hospitals in the current MedisGroups database with at least 100 acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (<i>International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification [ICD-9-CM]</i>codes 410.0 to 410.9) Medicare admissions greater than age 65 years (4653 cases). We studied location of AMI, congestive heart failure (CHF) status, and patient age using the categories in Blumberg's article and calculating X<sup>2</sup>values. We then measured the effect of bias on interhospital comparisons by
Allocating budgets for fundholding and prescribing
Authors: A. Majeed
Journal: BMJ (1996)

has recently been confirmed in the Nurses' Health Study,9 and the results of a secondary prevention study (heart and oestrogen/ progestin replacement study) are expected in 1999.Doctors and managers are understandably concerned about the cost implications of widespread use of lipid lowering treat- ment.However, a cost minimisation analysis of the 4S study's data concluded that the reduced use of hospital services that would result from use of simvastatin in a similar group of patients in the United States would offset most of the cost of treatment.'0Cost effectiveness of expensive drug treatments such as the statins depends on risk of ischaemic heart disease.A cost effectiveness study based on the findings of the 4S study estimated that simvastatin treatment of men aged 55-64 who have suffered a myocardial infarction would cost ;6000 per life year saved, whereas it would cost £361 000 per life year saved for women aged 45-54 with angina."Consideration of the direct costs to health services of morbidity from ischaemic heart disease or the indirect costs of mortality or morbidity to 1 Department of Health.The health ofthe nation: a strategyfor health in England London: HMSO,
Complications, Urinary Continence, and Oncologic Outcome of 1000 Laparoscopic Transperitoneal Radical Prostatectomies—Experience at the Charité Hospital Berlin, Campus Mitte
Authors: Michael Lein, Inna Stibane, Ramin Mansour, Claudia Hege, Jan Roigas, Andreas Wille, Klaus Jung, Glen Kristiansen, Dietmar Schnorr, Stefan A. Loening, Serdar Deger
Journal: European Urology (2006)
On the function of Ly-5 in the regulation of antigen-driven B cell differentiation. Comparison and contrast with Lyb-2.
Authors: H Yakura, F W Shen, E Bourcet, E A Boyse
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

Generation of anti-sheep erythrocyte plaque-forming cells (PFC) is greatly reduced in the presence of monoclonal Ly-5 alloantibody. Although Ly-5 is expressed in one of its molecular forms on T cells and macrophages (M phi ) involved in this response, the only demonstrated action of Ly-5 antibody was on B cells. Evidence from elimination of Lyt-2+ cells, and from the responses of serial proportions of Ly-5.1 and Ly-5.2 cells and of Ly-5 heterozygous cells, signifies that PFC reduction cannot be ascribed to any known mechanism of suppression or to a direct suppressive action of Ly-5 antibody on B cells. A critical distinction of Ly-5 from Lyb-2 is that Ly-5 antibody reduces PFC generation to trinitrophenylated Ficoll, a thymus-independent type 2 antigen requiring T cells and M phi for maximal PFC generation in vitro. A second distinction is that PFC reduction by Ly-5 antibody is strictly tied to the time of operation of M phi factor, whereas PFC reduction by Lyb-2 antibody relates to the time of B cell triggering by antigen. Accordingly, M phi factor competitively and quantitatively inhibits the action of Ly-5 antibody in reducing PFC generation. It is likely that the Ly-5 system is concerned in the reception or handling of M phi message by B cells.
TCT-513 Simple Measures of ST-Segment Resolution Predict Infarct Size: The INFUSE-AMI Trial
Authors: Joe Dizon, Sorin Brener, Akiko Maehara, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Jacek Godlewski, Helen Parise, Jan-Henk Dambrink, Roxana Mehran, C. Michael Gibson, Gregg Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Thiopental-Related Immune Hemolytic Anemia and Renal Failure
Authors: Bahman Habibi, Régine Basty, Sophie Chodez, André Prunat
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

NUMEROUS drugs have been reported to initiate the development of specific anti-drug antibodies in some patients. When the patient is subsequently exposed to the drug, these antibodies may induce the formation of a drug–antibody complex, and to a variable extent, they may induce hemolytic anemia, shock, and sometimes acute renal failure.1 We describe a patient who acquired an antibody against thiopental, and we present evidence that the I antigen on the red-cell membrane was associated with the receptor site for the drug–antibody complex.Case ReportA 55-year-old man underwent hip arthroplasty. General anesthesia was induced with 450 mg of thiopental. . . .
Nonmyeloablative conditioning is sufficient to allow engraftment of EGFP-expressing bone marrow and subsequent acceptance of EGFP-transgenic skin grafts in mice
Authors: Goran Andersson, Ben M. W. Illigens, Kevin W. Johnson, David Calderhead, Christian LeGuern, Gilles Benichou, Mary E. White-Scharf, Julian D. Down
Journal: Blood (2003)
A population-based comparison of the survival of patients with colorectal cancer in England, Norway and Sweden between 1996 and 2004
Authors: Eva J.A. Morris, Fredrik Sandin, Paul C. Lambert, Freddie Ian Bray, Åsa Klint, Karen Linklater, David Robinson, Lars Påhlman, Lars Holmberg, Henrik Møller
Journal: Gut (2011)

Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is a CD8 T cell-mediated response to skin sensitization and challenge with hapten. Hapten-primed CD8 T cell populations producing IFN-g and IL-17 are required to induce hapten-presenting endothelial cells (EC) in the challenged skin to produce CXCL1 and CXCL2 that direct Gr-1+CXCR2+ cell recruitment into the skin challenge site during elicitation of CHS. This study investigated mechanisms directing the localization of the hapten-primed IL-17- and IFN-g producing CD8 T cells to EC in the challenge site. qPCR analyses indicate DNFB hapten application to the skin of sensitized mice or to EC cultures induces TNFa-dependent expression of CCL20 within 1 h. Hapten sensitized mice treated with anti-CCL20 mAb at the time of challenge decreases CXCL1 and IL-17, but not IFN-g, expression in skin challenge site 4 hrs. post-challenge. ELISPOT assay analyses of flow-sorted CD8 T cells from draining lymph nodes of sensitized mice indicate populations of CCR6<sup>+</sup>CXCR3<sup>+</sup>, CCR6<sup>+</sup>CXCR3<sup>-</sup> and CCR6<sup>-</sup>CXCR3<sup>+</sup> cells producing IL-17 in response to hapten-presenting cells. In contrast, IFN-g is produced only by CXCR3<sup>+</sup> CCR6<sup>- </sup>cells. Hapten sensitization and challenge of CCR6<sup>-/- </sup>mice induces CHS responses that are only slightly lower than those in WT controls. These results indicate a role for CCR6<sup>+</sup>, CCR6<sup>-</sup> and CXCR3<sup>+</sup> CD8 T cells in producing the IL-17 and IFN-g required for elicitation of CHS responses.
COMPARISON OF TOTAL MEDICAL COST AVOIDANCE WITH THE USAGE OF NEW ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS INSTEAD OF WARFARIN AMONG ATRIAL FIBRILLATION PATIENTS, BASED ON THE ARISTOTLE, RE-LY AND ROCKET-AF TRIALS
Authors: Steven Deitelzweig, Alpesh Amin, Yonghua Jing, Dinara Makenbaeva, Dinara Makenbaeva, Daniel Wiederkehr, Jay Lin, John Graham
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)