tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
How can overexpression of Na+,Ca2+-exchanger compensate the negative inotropic effects of downregulated SERCA?
Authors: G Isenberg
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

See article by Terracciano et al. [2] (pages 38–47) in this issue. 

The failing human ventricle suffers from two major problems: (1) During diastole, relaxation is retarded and remains eventually incomplete. (2) During systole, the force-frequency relation is blunted, i.e. an increase from 60 to 120 beats-per-min does not increase the contractile force as it is typical in non-failing tissue. Both problems have been linked to reduced expression and function of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) proteins. Studies in isolated human ventricular trabeculae [1] have shown that incomplete Ca2+ reuptake by SERCA can cause (1) a diastolic accumulation of Ca2+ ions in the cytosol which impairs diastolic relaxation, and (2) a reduction of releasable SR Ca2+ with the consequence of a reduced systolic Ca2+ activation of force and a blunted force-frequency relation. Since failing human myocardium was shown to overexpress the Na+/Ca2+-exchanger (mRNA and protein [1]), enhanced Ca2+ efflux by Na+/Ca2+-exchange has been suggested to partially compensate impaired diastolic Ca2+ removal. The paper of Terracciano et al. ([2] in this issue) confirms this view. In addition, it introduces a new idea: the enhanced expression and function of the Na+/Ca2+-exchanger may facilitate Ca2+ reuptake by SERCA and thereby compensate for the impaired SR Ca2+ load.

Terraciano et al. [2,3] compared protein concentrations and functions between ventricular myocytes from transgenic mice (TR) that overexpress the Na+/Ca2+-exchanger and non-transgenic (non-TR) wild-type littermates. They find that the protein levels of the Na+/Ca2+-exchanger are approximately 2.4-fold elevated [3,4]) whilst the concentrations of other Ca2+ handling proteins such as SERCA, calsequestrin and phospholambam were not different. With this background, the authors can evaluate the consequences … 

* Tel.: +49-345-557-1886; fax: +49-345-557-4019 gerrit.isenberg{at}medizin.uni-halle.de
Physostigmine and Anticholinergic Poisoning
Authors: Bruce D. Snyder
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with interest the article by Newton on the use of physostigmine salicylate in the treatment of tricyclic antidepressant poisoning (231:941, 1975). Newton concludes that in his series at a regional poisoning treatment center, over-dosage with these drugs is a benign event and that the use of a specific antidote was not indicated in its treatment. His report, nevertheless, documents the rapid reversal of coma by physostigmine, confirming our results (230: 1433, 1974) and the results of others. We would object to Newton's conclusions for the following reasons: (1) Although there is a low incidence of fatality in this overdose situation, fatalities do occur and cannot be ignored. These fatalities are frequently in children or young adults and are due to cardiac arrhythmias or complications of coma, such as pneumonia. (2) The population reported in Newon's series includes no serious arrhythmias and no children, and no
Kellner’s Emotional Inhibition Scale: A Clinimetric Approach to Alexithymia Research
Authors: Silvana Grandi, Laura Sirri, Thomas N. Wise, Eliana Tossani, Giovanni A. Fava
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2011)

Emotional inhibition has been an enduring concept in the psychosomatic literature explaining the onset and course of medical disorders. Currently the personality style of alexithymia is a focus of this dimension in psychosomatic theory, while actual conscious emotional inhibition, which may overlap with alexithymia, has received less attention. In the early 80s Robert Kellner developed the Emotional Inhibition Scale (EIS), a self-rating scale for emotional inhibition based on clinimetric principles. In this study we explored whether the EIS differentiated a sample of cardiac recipients from normal controls, as well as the associations between the EIS and 2 measures of alexithymia, i.e. the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20) and the Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research (DCPR). We also examined whether the EIS and the TAS-20 were differently related to depressive symptoms measured by the Symptom Questionnaire (SQ).Ninety-five heart-transplanted patients and a sample of normal controls, matched for sociodemographic variables, were administered the EIS (total score and 4 subscales concerning 'verbal inhibition', 'timidity', 'disguise of feelings', and 'self-control'), the TAS-20, the SQ, and the Structured Interview according to the DCPR for alexithymia.Cardiac recipients did not display significant differences compared to normal controls in observer (DCPR) and self-rated (TAS-20) measures of alexithymia. There were, however, significant differences in EIS with regard to 'disguise of feelings'. In both groups the EIS 'verbal inhibition' and 'timidity' subscales were positively associated with the TAS-20, while the EIS 'disguise of feelings' and 'self-control' subscales were independent of alexithymia. Depressive symptoms were more related to TAS-20 than EIS total scores.Our results suggest that emotional inhibition and alexithymia are distinct phenomena even though they may share certain features. The EIS appears to be relatively independent of depressed mood and will be useful in assessing the individual's conscious management of affect in future psychosomatic research.
Recombinant factor VIIa for intractable life-threatening bleeding in patients with circulatory assist devices
Authors: Antoine G. Schneider, Marie-Hélène Perez, Piergiorgio Tozzi, Pierre Voirol, Patrick Schoettker, Anne Angelillo-Scherrer, Jacques Cotting, Ludwig Von Segesser, Philippe Eggimann
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2010)
Targeting vascular risk in patients with metabolic syndrome but without diabetes
Authors: Vasilios G. Athyros, Dimitri P. Mikhailidis, Athanasios A. Papageorgiou, Triandafillos P. Didangelos, Athanasia Peletidou, Drosia Kleta, Asterios Karagiannis, Anna I. Kakafika, Konstantinos Tziomalos, Moses Elisaf
Journal: Metabolism (2005)
Antinuclear and antiphospholipid autoantibodies in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease
Authors: K Kroeger
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

Our observation of conspicuous LC suggests that lymphangiogenesis may occur in JIA synovitis.In chronic synovitis, neogenesis of LC seems to be aimed at improving drainage and thus promoting homoeostasis in the JS.
Erythrocyte Glutathione Peroxidase and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Jolanta Gromadzińska
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with interest the article by Kok et al.<sup>1</sup>The authors state that data on erythrocyte (red blood cell) glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (EC 1.11.1.9) activity in patients who have had a myocardial infarction have not been published. We are working on this problem. It is known that GSH-Px is one of the major enzymes involved in the protection of the cell against antiperoxidation, particularly the cells of heart muscle. Selenium-containing GSH-Px acts on hydrogen peroxide and lipids or other organic hydroperoxides.<sup>2</sup>Doroshow et al<sup>3</sup>found that in heart tissue catalase was almost absent and superoxide dismutase had only 27% of the activity found in liver. Only GSH-Px activity is high both in liver and in heart tissues. Batist et al<sup>4</sup>demonstrated that changes in this enzyme in heart cells and in erythrocytes are well correlated. <h3>Study.—</h3> We determined red blood cell GSH-Px
The Pathophysiology of Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmias During Acute Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: DAVID O. WILLIAMS, BENJAMIN J. SCHERLAG, RONALD R. HOPE, NABIL EL-SHERIF, RALPH LAZZARA
Journal: Circulation (1974)

In 20 anesthetized open-chest dogs, epicardial electrograms were recorded from ischemic and nonischemic zones of the left ventricle during acute occlusion of the left anterior descending artery. The average time to onset of ventricular tachycardia during atrial pacing (150-200 beats/min) was 4 min, 18 sec. In 18 dogs, ventricular ectopic beats were induced in normal and ischemic zones after every tenth atrial stimulus. Those induced in the ischemic zone consistently caused ventricular tachycardia earlier (mean: 3 min, 22 sec) than those in the normal zone (mean: 4 min, 11 sec) ( P &lt; 0.01). This arrhythmia, whether spontaneous or induced, always followed the complex which demonstrated the greatest delay of the ischemic zone potential and increased ventricular activation time. Ventricular tachycardia was repeatedly produced by ectopic beats with late diastolic coupling. Analysis of the episodes of tachycardia leading to fibrillation revealed a progressive increase in the ventricular activation time of the successive beats, whereas in those self-terminating episodes ventricular activation time progressively decreased. These data suggest that the major determinant of malignant ventricular arrhythmias in acute ischemia may be the related abnormalities of ventricular activation rather than the coupling of the premature ectopic beats.
THE TEACHING OF THERAPEUTICS AND PHARMACOLOGY FROM THE EXPERIMENTAL STANDPOINT.
Authors: TORALD SOLLMANN
Journal: JAMA (1902)

<h3>INTRODUCTORY.</h3> The most conspicuous tendency in the evolution of scientific instruction has been toward the introduction of laboratory methods; toward the substitution for authoritative statement, of direct observation, independent reasoning and a spirit of criticism. This method is particularly useful in medicine; for a student of the medical sciences is never merely a student, but by the very requirements of his calling he must be trained as an independent observer and thinker. The problems which his profession places before him can rarely be settled by reference to authorities, but must be approached by methods essentially similar to those employed by the experimental investigator. The training of a medical student should therefore be along experimental lines. Nevertheless, it is scarcely too much to say that teaching on an experimental basis is still in its infancy in medical schools. Reasons for this are not far to seek: Experimental medicine is of recent
Quantification of the Esophageal Diaphragm Electromyogram with Magnetic Phrenic Nerve Stimulation
Authors: YUAN M. LUO, REBECCA A. LYALL, M. LOU HARRIS, GERRARD F. RAFFERTY, MICHAEL I. POLKEY, JOHN MOXHAM
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Measurement of the amplitude of the esophageal diaphragm compound muscle action potential (CMAP) could be useful for the diagnosis and monitoring of neuromuscular disease. However, quantification of the diaphragm CMAP has been hampered by difficulty in positioning the esophageal electrode at the diaphragm's electrically active center and many investigators report arbitrary units rather than voltage. To quantify the esophageal diaphragm CMAP we designed a multipair electrode which we evaluated during unilateral magnetic stimulation. The esophageal catheter consisted of four sequential electrode pairs. Overall the electrode spanned 17 cm and covered the entire electrically active region of the diaphragm. The diaphragm CMAP was simultaneously recorded from the four pairs at distances of 40, 39, 38, and 37 cm from the nose to the proximal electrode pair. Studies were undertaken in 10 normal subjects and 10 patients with diaphragm dysfunction. The amplitude of the CMAP (peak to peak) was defined as the average of five twitches recorded from the optimal pair of electrodes. The amplitude of the diaphragm CMAP elicited by unilateral maximal magnetic stimulation was 1.45 +/- 0.35 mV (mean +/- SD) for the right side and 1.68 +/- 0.47 mV for the left. When measured on different occasions the coefficient of variation (CV) was 8.6%. The amplitude of the CMAP measured from dysfunctional hemidiaphragms was much less than that measured from normal subjects. This study suggests that the diaphragm CMAP can be quantified using an appropriate esophageal electrode.
High-monounsaturated fat, olive oil-rich diet has effects similar to a high-carbohydrate diet on fasting and postprandial state and metabolic profiles of patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Camino Rodrı́guez-Villar, José M. Manzanares, Elena Casals, Ana Pérez-Heras, Daniel Zambón, Ramón Gomis, Emilio Ros
Journal: Metabolism (2000)
Thalassemia in a Family of Pure German Extraction
Authors: John E. Middlebrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

THALASSEMIA, or Cooley's anemia, first clearly described by Cooley1 in 1925, is a hereditary disease. Anemia results from the inability to utilize an adequate amount of the iron usually present in elevated levels in the serum. Although the disease is classically restricted to the Mediterranean races, sporadic cases have been reported in persons of many nationalities.2 This report concerns an Iowa family of pure German extraction that was found to carry the trait for thalassemia in at least three generations. The rarity of thalassemia in families of German extraction3 was considered to warrant a report of this study.Case Report . . .
Some Misuses of Health Statistics
Authors: Edward G. Ludwig
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Statistics show that the risk of dying from an illness while in the hospital is many times greater than the risk of dying from an illness while at home. By the same token, there is a strong association between dying and being in bed. While most of us may not be able to precisely identify and explain the logical fallacies implied by this type of statistical reasoning, the nonsense of it is sufficiently apparent so that no one is likely to avoid beds or hospitals in order to prolong his life. Yet the same sort of statistics too often finds its way into the general health literature and mass media where the errors of logic are less apparent and pass unrecognized. No one would deny the important contributions that the proper use of statistics has made to the advancement of medicine and public health. Epidemics are brought under control, drugs
Abdominal Actinomycosis Presenting as Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: U. Kodali, R. Mallavarapu, M. J. Goldberg
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

Abdominal actinomycosis is often difficult to diagnose because of the low index of suspicion, unusual clinical manifestations, and difficulty in culturing Actinomyces. We describe a patient with anemia, multiple ulcers in the ileocecal area, and massive gastrointestinal bleeding, who required surgical resection of the colon. The diagnosis was made on histopathological examination of the resected specimen. This is the first reported case of actinomycotic ileocecal ulceration leading to gastrointestinal bleeding. Though abdominal actinomycotic infection is rare, the chances of cure are excellent after the diagnosis has been made.
THE USE OF ANTITOXIN IN THE TREATMENT OF DIPHTHERIA.
Authors: GEORGE DUFFIELD
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The fear and misgiving which attended the administration of the anti-diphtheritic serum at the outset is no longer justified. From every part of the world come numerous clinical reports attesting the value of the new treatment. Its untoward symptoms have been promptly and carefully studied, so that with proper care it is a safe and efficient remedy for the treatment of diphtheria. In September, 1894, I treated my first case of diphtheria with anti-diphtheritic serum, a bottle of which I had obtained from Aronson's laboratory in Berlin. The case had been a severe one; the serum was used after secondary infection had developed and the case seemed hopeless. The membrane had extended where it would and could not be checked. The temperature stood at 103 degrees and pulse at 120. The serum was injected with all due precaution. The temperature continued to rise for several hours, showing that diphtheritic intoxication
Preferences for CPR and Life-Sustaining Treatment Among Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Etienne Phipps
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —The article by Ms O'Brien and colleagues1on nursing home patient preferences regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) perplexed me. Not only is the baseline consent inadequate, but the study avoids the critical issues: When is CPR good medical care and therefore indicated? When not? When should it be offered?  First, success rates for out-of-hospital resuscitation are dismal, except in exceptional circumstances. Murphy et al2reported that of 244 elderly patients resuscitated out of hospital, including 40 nursing home residents, there were only 2 survivors and none when the arrest was not witnessed. Of these 2 patients, 1 did not have a cardiac arrest and 1 had a cardiac arrest after arrival in the emergency department, but before being evaluated. A study from Seattle, Wash,3reported a 3% survival to hospital discharge for cardiac arrest among nursing home residents compared with a 36% survival to discharge.
Mortality Rates in Smokers and Nonsmokers in the Presence or Absence of Coronary Artery Calcification
Authors: John W. McEvoy, Michael J. Blaha, Juan J. Rivera, Matthew J. Budoff, Atif N. Khan, Leslee J. Shaw, Daniel S. Berman, Paolo Raggi, James K. Min, John A. Rumberger, Tracy Q. Callister, Roger S. Blumenthal, Khurram Nasir
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2012)
Nearly 20 years ago, Denis Parsons Burkitt, MD, FRS, FRCSE
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1993)

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A Mitochondrial DNA Mutation as a Cause of Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Gurparkash Singh, Marie T. Lott, Douglas C. Wallace
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy is a maternally inherited disease associated with the late onset of bilateral loss of central vision and cardiac dysrhythmias. The maternal inheritance is explained by the mitochondrial origin of the disease. Analysis of the sequence of a mitochondrial DNA has indicated that a single nucleotide change at position 11778 is associated with this disease. This mutation converts the 340th amino acid of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 from an arginine to a histidine and eliminates an SfaNI endonuclease restriction site. A survey of restriction-fragment–length polymorphisms in the mitochondrial DNA of three independent families with this disease (an American black and two white European families) and 10 controls confirmed that this SfaNI site is associated with the disease. A phylogenetic tree for mitochondrial DNA polymorphism and sequence variants from three probands with Leber's disease and four controls was constructed, and the mutation at position 11778 was found to be associated with two mitochondrial DNA backgrounds — an American black mitochondrial DNA and a European mitochondrial DNA. Thus, this mutation must have arisen twice independently. Since the mutation correlated with symptoms of Leber's disease in both cases, these findings indicate that the mutation is a cause of the disease. This genetic analysis has identified the specific point mutation in the mitochondrial DNA that results in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. (N Engl J Med 1989; 320: 1300–5.)
Engineered neural tissue with aligned, differentiated adipose-derived stem cells promotes peripheral nerve regeneration across a critical sized defect in rat sciatic nerve
Authors: Melanie Georgiou, Jon P. Golding, Alison J. Loughlin, Paul J. Kingham, James B. Phillips
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)

Adipose-derived stem cells were isolated from rats and differentiated to a Schwann cell-like phenotype in vitro. The differentiated cells (dADSCs) underwent self-alignment in a tethered type-1 collagen gel, followed by stabilisation to generate engineered neural tissue (EngNT-dADSC). The pro-regenerative phenotype of dADSCs was enhanced by this process, and the columns of aligned dADSCs in the aligned collagen matrix supported and guided neurite extension in vitro. EngNT-dADSC sheets were rolled to form peripheral nerve repair constructs that were implanted within NeuraWrap conduits to bridge a 15 mm gap in rat sciatic nerve. After 8 weeks regeneration was assessed using immunofluorescence imaging and transmission electron microscopy and compared to empty conduit and nerve graft controls. The proportion of axons detected in the distal stump was 3.5 fold greater in constructs containing EngNT-dADSC than empty tube controls. Our novel combination of technologies that can organise autologous therapeutic cells within an artificial tissue construct provides a promising new cellular biomaterial for peripheral nerve repair.
Effects of a hemostatic powder hemospray on coagulation and clot formation
Authors: I. Holster, Heleen van Beusekom, Ernst Kuipers, Frank Leebeek, Moniek de Maat, Eric Tjwa
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

<b>Background and study aims: </b>Hemospray (Cook Medical Inc., Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA) is a novel, hemostatic, powder spray that has been developed for gastrointestinal use. The powder is thought to achieve hemostasis by concentrating clotting factors and forming a mechanical plug on the injured blood vessel. However, no detailed studies on the hemostatic mode of action have been performed. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of Hemospray on coagulation and clot formation both in vitro and in vivo. <b>Materials and methods: </b>Recalcification time, thromboelastometry using EXTEM and INTEM assays, and plasma coagulation tests (activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time) were carried out on blood samples mixed with Hemospray, and compared with talcum powder (negative control) and kaolin (positive control) at 1 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy were performed on in vitro thrombi and on gastric thrombi from an animal model of gastrointestinal hemorrhage treated with Hemospray. <b>Results:</b> The median recalcification time of whole blood was 187.5 seconds. The addition of 1 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL Hemospray significantly shortened this time (median 60 and 45 seconds, respectively; <i>P</i> < 0.05). The median clotting time of whole blood, measured using the INTEM assay, was 160 seconds (interquartile range [IQR] 159 – 176.5) and this was also significantly reduced by the addition of Hemospray (91 seconds [IQR 84 – 102]; <i>P</i> = 0.005). The plasma prothrombin time of 11.6 seconds was significantly reduced by Hemospray (9.5 seconds; <i>P</i> = 0.011). SEM of in vivo clots demonstrated that Hemospray rapidly interacted with whole blood, forming one confluent mass over the bleeding site. In sufficient amounts, Hemospray was able to deform and pack erythrocytes. <b>Conclusions: </b>Hemospray covered the bleeding site and enhanced clot formation in vivo, and shortened coagulation time in vitro. Elaboration of these unique properties in clinical practice will help to optimize future endoscopic hemostasis with Hemospray.