tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Embryonic<i>even skipped</i>–Dependent Muscle and Heart Cell Fates Are Required for Normal Adult Activity, Heart Function, and Lifespan
Authors: Miki Fujioka, Robert J. Wessells, Zhe Han, Jiandong Liu, Kerry Fitzgerald, Galina L. Yusibova, Monica Zamora, Pilar Ruiz-Lozano, Rolf Bodmer, James B. Jaynes
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

The Drosophila pair-rule gene even skipped (eve) is required for embryonic segmentation and later in specific cell lineages in both the nervous system and the mesoderm. We previously generated eve mesoderm-specific mutants by combining an eve null mutant with a rescuing transgene that includes the entire locus, but with the mesodermal enhancer removed. This allowed us to analyze in detail the defects that result from a precisely targeted elimination of mesodermal eve expression in the context of an otherwise normal embryo. Absence of mesodermal eve causes a highly selective loss of the entire eve-expressing lineage in this germ layer, including those progeny that do not continue to express eve, suggesting that mesodermal eve precursor specification is not implemented. Despite the resulting absence of a subset of muscles and pericardial cells, mesoderm-specific eve mutants survive to fertile adulthood, providing an opportunity to examine the effects of these developmental abnormalities on adult fitness and heart function. We find that in these mutants, flying ability, myocardial performance under normal and stressed conditions, and lifespan are severely reduced. These data imply a nonautonomous role of the affected pericardial cells and body wall muscles in developing and/or maintaining cardiac performance and possibly other functions contributing to normal lifespan. Given the similarities of molecular-genetic control between Drosophila and vertebrates, these findings suggest that peri/epicardial influences may well be important for proper myocardial function.
Disagreements in meta-analyses using outcomes measured on continuous or rating scales: observer agreement study
Authors: B. Tendal, J. P T Higgins, P. Juni, A. Hrobjartsson, S. Trelle, E. Nuesch, S. Wandel, A. W Jorgensen, K. Gesser, S. Ilsoe-Kristensen, P. C Gotzsche
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To study the inter-observer variation related to extraction of continuous and numerical rating scale data from trial reports for use in meta-analyses. <b>Design</b> Observer agreement study. <b>Data sources</b> A random sample of 10 Cochrane reviews that presented a result as a standardised mean difference (SMD), the protocols for the reviews and the trial reports (n=45) were retrieved. <b>Data extraction</b> Five experienced methodologists and five PhD students independently extracted data from the trial reports for calculation of the first SMD result in each review. The observers did not have access to the reviews but to the protocols, where the relevant outcome was highlighted. The agreement was analysed at both trial and meta-analysis level, pairing the observers in all possible ways (45 pairs, yielding 2025 pairs of trials and 450 pairs of meta-analyses). Agreement was defined as SMDs that differed less than 0.1 in their point estimates or confidence intervals. <b>Results</b> The agreement was 53% at trial level and 31% at meta-analysis level. Including all pairs, the median disagreement was SMD=0.22 (interquartile range 0.07-0.61). The experts agreed somewhat more than the PhD students at trial level (61% <i>v</i> 46%), but not at meta-analysis level. Important reasons for disagreement were differences in selection of time points, scales, control groups, and type of calculations; whether to include a trial in the meta-analysis; and data extraction errors made by the observers. In 14 out of the 100 SMDs calculated at the meta-analysis level, individual observers reached different conclusions than the originally published review. <b>Conclusions</b> Disagreements were common and often larger than the effect of commonly used treatments. Meta-analyses using SMDs are prone to observer variation and should be interpreted with caution. The reliability of meta-analyses might be improved by having more detailed review protocols, more than one observer, and statistical expertise.
Five year outcome in patients withdrawn from long term treatment with diazepam.
Authors: A Holton, P Tyrer
Journal: BMJ (1990)

dramatic fall in the parasitaemia to 0-5%.Forty eight hours after admission her temperature was normal and no parasites were detectable in further films.The quinine was then continued orally for 10 days at a dose of 600 mg every 12 hours.Her subsequent antenatal course was uncomplicated.Films remained negative for malarial parasites.Four weeks after her admission she was readmitted in spontaneous labour that resulted in a vaginal delivery of a healthy girl weighing 2680 g.The puerperium was uneventful.* Distributed between year 1 (3 patients), year 2 (7), year 3 (3), year 4 (1), and year 5 (2).
[275] SEQUENCING OF HVRII AND HVRIII OF MITOCHONDRIAL DNA ALLOWS THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN DISSEMINATED AND SYNCHRONIC HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC)
Authors: M. Varela, L. Boix, M. Sole, A. Forner, A.J. Hessheimer, J.M. Llovet, J. Bruix
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Drug companies should report side effects in terms of frequency
Authors: R Bracchi
Journal: BMJ (1996)

county demanded that "swabs" be taken of all wards.Much reassurance was needed before they agreed to continue working * A patient colonised with methicillin resistant S aureus rang up in tears.Friends and relatives had refused to visit him and accused him of spreading a lethal infection.The patient had serious medical problems, and this was putting him under severe additional stress.Although the programme made many valid points about the increased pressure that these bacteria impose on hospitals, we fear that the overall image was distorted.The message that many of the public, and health care workers, received is that people colonised with these organisms are a danger to society and must be isolated, avoided, and labelled as unclean.This perception is erroneous and dangerous.Three years of work by one of us (JH) in educating nurses and other health care workers about a rational policy regarding methicillin resistant S aureus has been at least partly undermined.The producers of the programme should think hard about the message they have impressed on the public: stories about "doomsday killer bugs" may make good copy, but they cause much needless fear, suspicion, and panic.
World Summit on Medical Education: The Changing Medical Profession (Medical Education, 28, Suppl 1)
Authors: Z-J Playdon
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Ed Henry Walton Blackwell Scientific, £8, pp 171 ISSN 1352-3939/94

The key message of the summit on world medical education is that there will need to be a radical change in medicine if worldwide requirements for health care are to be met.

The opening speakers, from the United Nations, WHO, World Bank, Unesco, and Unicef identify three main concerns. Firstly, there is the ethical and practical problem of poverty, which excludes a quarter of the world from modern health care; secondly, and associated crucially with this, is the degradation of world ecology and the consequent reduction of world economic resource; and thirdly, the need to re-educate doctors and patients into a new relationship as equal partners in collaborative health care, as a …
Colonisation of babies and their families by group B streptococci.
Authors: A M Weindling, J M Hawkins, M A Coombes, J Stringer
Journal: BMJ (1981)

A high incidence of group B streptococcal disease of the newborn in West Berkshire led to a prospective study of the condition. Cultures taken from 1090 babies shortly after birth showed that 65 (6%) were colonised with the streptococcus. Thirty of these babies were assigned to group 1. Bacteriological samples were taken from babies and mothers at birth and at four, eight, and 12 weeks, and also from fathers and siblings. Fifty uncolonised babies and their families were similarly studied and served as controls (group 2). In group 1,28 of the 30 mothers and 14 of the 28 fathers examined were colonised by group B streptococci. In group 2 the streptococci were isolated from three babies, 12 mothers, and 11 out of 45 fathers during follow-up. These findings suggest that group B streptococci are carried predominantly in the lower gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. Most families are lightly colonised, but in others maternal colonisation is stable and heavy and the incidence of paternal colonisation high. Results of serotyping suggest that sexual transmission occurs, which may explain the difficulty in eradicating the organism during pregnancy.
Fibrinogen and β-Amyloid Association Alters Thrombosis and Fibrinolysis: A Possible Contributing Factor to Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Marta Cortes-Canteli, Justin Paul, Erin H. Norris, Robert Bronstein, Hyung Jin Ahn, Daria Zamolodchikov, Shivaprasad Bhuvanendran, Katherine M. Fenz, Sidney Strickland
Journal: Neuron (2010)
Distribution and colocalization of markers for proliferation, invasion, motility and neoangiogenesis in benign melanocytic naevi and malignant melanomas
Authors: E. Frohlich, A.F. Mack, C. Garbe, C. Klessen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Melanomas are heterogeneous tumours, and differentiation from other melanocytic lesions may cause problems. It may be possible that the distribution and/or colocalization pattern of different markers in the lesions can enable a more accurate diagnosis of melanocytic tumours.To test this hypothesis, melanocytic naevi, primary melanomas and metastases were investigated.The distribution and colocalization of markers for proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and motility of the tumour cells were investigated using antibodies directed against actin, cathepsin B (CatB), transforming growth factor-beta, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), proliferating cell nuclear antigen/Ki-67 and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2). In addition, melanoma markers (HMB-45 and Melan-A) and proteins unrelated to melanoma progression [epidermal growth factor (EGF) and cathepsin H] were investigated.Malignant melanomas tended to express more markers of malignancy compared with melanocytic naevi, and the differences were statistically significant for EGF and actin immunoreactivity: melanocytic naevi displayed clear EGF labelling more often (60% vs. 5%) and melanomas showed more intense actin labelling (70% vs. 0%). HMB-45+ cells to a large extent also stained with antibodies to CatB but not to EGF or actin; EGF-, FGF-2- and VEGF-immunoreactive cells were predominantly HMB-45-. Similar combinations were observed in melanocytic naevi and in melanomas.Labelling with EGF may improve the differential diagnosis of melanocytic neoplasias. However, we did not detect a clear-cut increase of markers of malignancy in melanoma. Cells expressing multiple malignancy markers were also found in some melanocytic naevi; this may confirm the dormant potential of melanocytic naevi for melanoma development.
Management of Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Christopher Hughes
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Letters2 October 2007Management of Venous ThromboembolismChristopher Hughes, MDChristopher Hughes, MDFrom St. Clair Memorial Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15243.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-147-7-200710020-00012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read the recent clinical practice guideline on management of venous thromboembolism (1) with great interest; however, I am always suspicious when told that the use of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) products results in less hemorrhagic complications than does intravenous unfractionated heparin. This is so contrary to my clinical experience. I am also well aware that, as Hippocrates noted, “Experience is delusory.”So my question goes to the original studies analyzed for these guidelines. How many of the underlying studies had no exclusion criteria? In other words, were patients entered into protocols only after screening for chronic kidney ...Reference1. Snow V, Qaseem A, Barry P, Hornbake ER, Rodnick JE, Tobolic T, et al. Management of venous thromboembolism: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians and the American Academy of Family Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146:204-10. [PMID: 17261857] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Christopher Hughes, MDAffiliations: From St. Clair Memorial Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15243. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoManagement of Venous Thromboembolism: A Clinical Practice Guideline from the American College of Physicians and the American Academy of Family Physicians Vincenza Snow , Amir Qaseem , Patricia Barry , E. Rodney Hornbake , Jonathan E. Rodnick , Timothy Tobolic , Belinda Ireland , Jodi B. Segal , Eric B. Bass , Kevin B. Weiss , Lee Green , Douglas K. Owens , and Management of Venous Thromboembolism Richard Schreiber Management of Venous Thromboembolism Emmanuel M. Bhaskar Management of Venous Thromboembolism Amir Qaseem and Vincenza Snow Metrics 2 October 2007Volume 147, Issue 7Page: 519KeywordsChronic kidney diseaseConflicts of interestHeparinLow molecular weight heparinTreatment guidelinesVenous thromboembolism ePublished: 2 October 2007 Issue Published: 2 October 2007 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2007 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Transforming growth factor β2 levels in patients with essential hypertension - the effect of antihypertensive treatment with ramipril
Authors: Th.K. Makris, P.G. Krespi, A.N. Hatzizacharias, V.E. Votteas, E.B. Chronakis, C.G. Tsoukala, N.G. Stratigis, M.K. Kyriakidis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Lasker Awards To Return in 1991
Authors: C. Vanchieri
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Lasker Awards To Return in 1991 Cori Vanchieri Cori Vanchieri Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 18, 19 September 1990, Page 1452, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.18.1452 Published: 19 September 1990
APEX TO BASE STRAIN GRADIENT, AS COMPUTED FROM A NEW 3D ECHO BASED STRAIN METHOD, PROVIDES QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF SEGMENTAL DYSFUNCTION IN MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA
Authors: David J. Sahn, Muhammad Ashraf, Zhiwen Zhou, Jill Panosian, Berkley Cameron, Cole Streiff, Uyen Truong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Effects of NO2 on chronic bronchitics.
Authors: G von Nieding, H M Wagner
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

The acute influence of NO2 on mechanics of breathing and respiratory gas exchange was investigated in a total of 111 subjects, aged 25 to 74 years, with chronic nonspecific lung disease (CNSLD). They breathed NO2-air mixtures containing 0.5 to 8.0 ppm NO2 for up to 15 to 60 min. Additionally in nine subjects the protective action of atropine, meclastine, and orciprenaline was investigated. While the alveolar PO2 remained constant during inhalation of 5 and 4 ppm NO2, a significant decrease of the arterial PO2 and a corresponding increase of the arterial to alveolar PO2 gradients occurred. Inhalation of 2 ppm NO2 had not such an effect. Inhalation of NO2 at concentrations down to 1.5 ppm resulted in a significant increase of airway resistance. Lower concentrations had no significant effect. Prolongation of the exposure period from 15 to 60 min at a NO2 concentration of 5 ppm did not result in a more pronounced disturbance of the respiratory gas exchange for oxygen beyond the extent observed after exposure to 5 ppm NO2 for 15 min. Meclastine, in comparison with orciprenaline and atropine, showed a pronounced protective effect on the negative impact of NO2 on respiratory gas exchange and airway resistance. It is concluded that NO2 may act by release of histamine, causing a bronchiolar, alveolar, and interstitial edema, thus differing from irritant air pollutants like SO2, where reflex bronchoconstriction causes in some bronchitics dramatic increases of airway resistance at similar low concentrations.
Naming names: is there an (unbiased) doctor in the house?
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer, Shannon Brownlee
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Journalists often forget that conflicts of interest may bias the opinions of their expert sources. <b>Jeanne Lenzer</b> and <b>Shannon Brownlee</b> explain how, in an attempt to disentangle commercial messages from science, they have compiled a list of nearly 100 independent medical experts to whom reporters can turn
Looking toward basic science for potential drug discovery targets against community‐associated MRSA
Authors: Michael Otto
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2009)

Abstract The difficulties to find a conventional vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus and the increasing resistance of S. aureus to many antibiotics demand the exploration of novel therapeutic options, such as by targeting virulence determinants and using specific antibodies in an antitoxin‐like approach. Community‐associated methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (CA‐MRSA) strains have recently emerged predominantly in the US, causing epidemic outbreaks of mostly skin and soft tissue infections, but also more dramatic and sometimes fatal diseases. MRSA is now the most frequent cause of death by a single infectious agent in the US. The fact that, at least in the US, CA‐MRSA infections are almost entirely due to one sequence type, USA300, gives researchers a novel, unique chance to focus on one clone in their efforts to analyze pathogenesis in a clinically important S. aureus . While the molecular underpinnings of the exceptional virulence and transmissibility of USA300 are not yet well understood, recent findings indicate that increased expression of widespread virulence determinants and acquisition of mobile genetic elements have to be considered. Delineating the relative importance of virulence determinants in USA300 and other important clinical strains is a key endeavor needed to develop a potential antitoxin for CA‐MRSA disease. Published 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 30, No. 1, 1–22, 2010
His Last Season
Authors: Jed Myers
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Placental Lactogen Levels as Guide to Outcome of Threatened Abortion
Authors: P. A. R. Niven, J. Landon, T. Chard
Journal: BMJ (1972)

The clinical value has been assessed of circulating placental lactogen levels as a pointer to the outcome in a patient with vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy. By using a semiautomated radioimmunoassay the normal range of values for the first and second trimesters has been established. In patients admitted with vaginal bleeding after the eighth week of gestation estimation of plasma human placental lactogen showed that patients with low levels were those in whom the abortion was completed during the first admission. Women whose pregnancies continued normally or who aborted after their first discharge from hospital had normal levels. In a small group sampled before the onset of bleeding but who later aborted the mean levels were lower than normal. This simple and inexpensive test can indicate those women in whom abortion is inevitable and could be used to reduce substantially the length of hospital stay in this common complication of early pregnancy.
Double-blind placebo-controlled study of loratadine, mequitazine, and placebo in the symptomatic treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis
Authors: W. Skassa-Brociek, J. Bousquet, F. Montes, M. Verdier, D. Schwab, M. Lherminier, F.-B. Michel
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1988)
Closure of cottage hospitals
Authors: D. Baker
Journal: BMJ (1976)

<h3>AIMS</h3> To present our experience of severe upper airway obstruction caused by ulcerative laryngitis in children. <h3>METHODS</h3> Retrospective case note review of 263 children with severe upper airway obstruction and a clinical diagnosis of croup admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) over a five year period. <h3>RESULTS</h3> A total of 148 children (56%) underwent microlaryngoscopy (Storz 3.0 rigid telescope). Laryngeal ulceration with oedema was documented in 15 of these children (10%), median age 14 months (range 10–36) and median weight 10 kg (range 6–12). Twenty seven of the children who underwent microlaryngoscopy (18%) also had ulcerative gingivostomatitis consistent with herpes simplex virus infection. Ulcerative laryngitis was documented in nine of 27 (33%) children with, and in six of 121 (5%) children without, coexistent ulcerative gingivostomatitis. One of the 15 children did not require airway intervention. Nine children required nasotracheal intubation for a median of 4 days (range 3–11) and median PICU stay of 6 days (range 4–14). Five children required tracheostomy ab initio, with a median PICU stay of 30 days (range 20–36), and duration of tracheostomy in situ for a median of 19 days (range 15–253). All 15 children survived. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> Ulcerative laryngitis is more common in our patient population than the few reports suggest. Early diagnostic microlaryngoscopy is recommended in children with severe croup who follow an atypical course.
GB Virus C and Mortality from HIV Infection
Authors: Valentina Stosor, Steven Wolinsky
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with conditions ranging from stability of the immune system and asymptomatic infection to severe compromise of the immune system and the development of AIDS.1 Before highly active antiretroviral therapy became available in 1996, the usual course of events for infected persons was depletion of the CD4+ T-cell population and the development of AIDS 8 to 10 years after the initial infection. In some exceptional cases, there was a more rapid progression of disease with a brisk rate of loss of CD4+ T cells. In contrast, in other rare cases, AIDS did . . .