tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Case 8-1983
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, Betty U. McNeely, Richard R. Gacek, Max L. Goodman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

Presentation of CaseA 51-year-old right-handed woman was admitted to the hospital because of multiple cranial-nerve palsies.There was a 10-year history of painless left otitis externa and media, with repeated use of eardrops. Nineteen months before admission an episode of vertigo was ascribed to otitis media. During the year before entry she began to have left, facial pain. Three months before admission she became unable to close the left eye and observed a "hot" sensation in the left ear. Two and a half weeks later she had a severe left earache and headache accompanied by a rash on the . . .
Human rights group calls for arms embargo after unlawful attacks in Gaza conflict
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Israeli forces killed hundreds of unarmed Palestinian civilians and destroyed thousands of homes in attacks that breached the laws of war, concludes a report by Amnesty International into the conflict in the Gaza Strip in December and January.

Its report says: “Israel’s failure to properly investigate its forces’ conduct in Gaza, including war crimes, and its continuing refusal to cooperate with the United Nations’ independent fact-finding mission headed by [the former South African Constitutional Court judge] Richard Goldstone, is evidence of its intention to avoid public scrutiny and accountability.”

Rockets fired by Palestinian armed groups into southern Israel also violated international humanitarian laws and cannot be justified under any circumstances, said Donatella Rovera, the report’s lead author.

“Such unlawful attacks constitute war crimes,” she said.

The report recommends that the United Nations impose a comprehensive arms embargo on Israel and the Palestinian armed groups.

The Israeli government has said that the report is unbalanced.

Amnesty International says that most of the cases of shootings at close range that it investigated in the Gaza Strip …
Hematopoietic cell–derived interferon controls viral replication and virus-induced disease
Authors: Philipp A. Lang, Luisa Cervantes-Barragan, Admar Verschoor, Alexander A. Navarini, Mike Recher, Marc Pellegrini, Lukas Flatz, Andreas Bergthaler, Kenya Honda, Burkhard Ludewig, Pamela S. Ohashi, Karl S. Lang
Journal: Blood (2008)
Long noncoding RNA high expression in hepatocellular carcinoma facilitates tumor growth through enhancer of zeste homolog 2 in humans
Authors: Fu Yang, Ling Zhang, Xi-song Huo, Ji-hang Yuan, Dan Xu, Sheng-xian Yuan, Nan Zhu, Wei-ping Zhou, Guang-shun Yang, Yu-zhao Wang, Jing-li Shang, Chun-fang Gao, Feng-rui Zhang, Fang Wang, Shu-han Sun
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

In recent years, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to have critical regulatory roles in cancer biology. However, the contributions of lncRNAs to hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain largely unknown. Differentially expressed lncRNAs between HBV-related HCC and paired peritumoral tissues were identified by microarray and validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Liver samples from patients with HBV-related HCC were analyzed for levels of a specific differentially expressed lncRNA High Expression In HCC (termed lncRNA-HEIH); data were compared with survival data using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared between groups by the log-rank test. The effects of lncRNA-HEIH were assessed by silencing and overexpressing the lncRNA in vitro and in vivo. The expression level of lncRNA-HEIH in HBV-related HCC is significantly associated with recurrence and is an independent prognostic factor for survival. We also found that lncRNA-HEIH plays a key role in G(0) /G(1) arrest, and further demonstrated that lncRNA-HEIH was associated with enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and that this association was required for the repression of EZH2 target genes.Together, these results indicate that lncRNA-HEIH is an oncogenic lncRNA that promotes tumor progression and leads us to propose that lncRNAs may serve as key regulatory hubs in HCC progression.
CERTAIN ASPECTS OF "CONSCIOUS" PHENOMENA AND THEIR NEURAL CORRELATES
Authors: DAVID MCK. RIOCH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1955)

A tentative classification of transactions of living organisms with the environment is presented. The classification is based on the complexity with which spatial and temporal factors are dealt with, particularly with respect to anticipatory behavior, by different phylogenetic levels of the central nervous system. Subjective phenomena are discussed and it is proposed that 4 major classes of such phenomena be differentiated, related either to activities in certain areas of the nervous system or to modes or particular patterns of interaction with the environment. It is noted that phenomena of all 4 classes may occur simultaneously and modify the immediate subjective impression.
TRAUMATIC FAT NECROSIS OF THE BREAST
Authors: Ira Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The attention of physicians was directed to traumatic fat necrosis of the breast by Lee and Adair 1 in 1920, and again in 1922. Clinically, these tumors present many features commonly associated with carcinoma. They are hard; they may be fixed to the skin or deeper structures; there may be retraction of the nipple and enlarged axillary lymph nodes. Two characteristics which have to date constantly been described in all cases are the history of trauma and the corpulence of the patient. A certain number of malignant tumors, variously estimated at from 3 to 39 per cent., give a distinct traumatic history, so that there is nothing pathognomonic of traumatic fat necrosis except the histologic picture.  The nature of the trauma as the etiologic factor in this case of breast tumor is the reason for this report.  REPORT OF CASE  Mrs. S. H., aged 35, was referred because of a
Abstract 5398: A primer dose followed by low-bolus dose schedule for safe and efficacious bacterial tumor targeting with <i>S. typhimurium</i> A1-R
Authors: Ming Zhao, Yong Zhang, Fang Liu, Robert M. Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract We have previously developed a bacterial cancer therapy strategy by targeting viable tumor tissue with Salmonella typhimurium containing two auxotrophic mutations. These auxotrophs grow in viable as well as necrotic areas of tumors. However, the auxotrophy severely restricts growth of these bacteria in normal tissue, making this a relative safe treatment. The S. typhimurium A1-R mutant, which is auxotrophic for leu-arg, and selected for high antitumor virulence, has been shown to be effective as monotherapy against human prostate, breast, pancreatic, and fibrosarcoma tumors that have been orthotopically implanted in nude mice. In the present study, we developed a strategy to maximize efficacy and minimize toxicity for bacterial tumor treatment. A small dose of S. typhimurium A1-R bacteria was first administered to tumor-bearing animals (the primer dose) as pre-treatment followed by a high dose (106 i.v.) 4 hours later. Compared with very high dose bacteria treatment (5 × 106 per mouse), the primer dose strategy had no observable side effects. The very high dose had toxicity in immunocompetent mice. The primer dose may induce cytokines in the mouse necessary for invasion of the tumor by the bacteria allowing a relatively small subsequent dose to be effective and safe. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5398. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5398
Topical tretinoin (retinoic acid) treatment of hyperpigmented lesions associated with photoaging in Chinese and Japanese patients: A vehicle-controlled trial
Authors: Christopher E.M. Griffiths, Michael T. Goldfarb, Lawrence J. Finkel, Vassia Roulia, Michiko Bonawitz, Ted A. Hamilton, Charles N. Ellis, John J. Voorhees
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1994)
Dust from carpeted and smooth floors
Authors: T. Dybendal, S. Elsayed
Journal: Allergy (1994)

The amounts of dust, protein, and allergens in vacuumed floor covering samples taken from both schools and homes in Norway have been investigated. Classrooms contained significantly more crude dust per unit area than homes, while the mean protein content per unit area was somewhat higher in homes. The main allergen exposure problem in classrooms was that of pet allergens; the contents of dog allergens and the major cat ( Felis domesticus ) allergen Fel d I per unit area were significantly higher in school classrooms than in homes of families who do not keep pets. The mite and food allergens, on the contrary, were more prevalent in homes. Carpeted floors in schools and homes contained significantly more dust, proteins, and allergens than smooth floors (P&lt;0.05). Fel d I was detected in the vacuum cleaners' filter system in concentrations from &lt;1 ng to 1080 ng, confirming that this allergen can pass through the dust bag during vacuuming.
Women need to be warned about dangers of hormone replacement therapy
Authors: E. H Price, H. K Little, E. C G Grant, C M. Steel
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor–We welcome the responses generated by our letter emphasising the various risks of hormone replacement therapy.1 The possibility of an aggregate net loss of life was discussed by Klim McPherson in his editorial.2 This concern is strengthened by doubts about cardioprotection and the clear evidence, recently uncovered, that hormone replacement therapy increases primary venous thromboembolic disease.3

Findings of an increased risk of breast cancer in large, well conducted studies are not cancelled out by the existence of apparently negative studies. In fact, all of …
A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF THE CROSS REACTION OF TYPES III AND VIII PNEUMOCOCCI IN HORSE AND RABBIT ANTISERA
Authors: Michael Heidelberger, Elvin A. Kabat, D. L. Shrivastava
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1937)

1. A preparation of the specific polysaccharide of Type VIII pneumococcus is described in which the use of heat, strong acid, and alkali were avoided. 2. Quantitative estimations are given of the homologous and cross reacting precipitin and agglutinin in Types III and VIII antisera produced in the rabbit and in the horse. Quantitative data are also given on the mechanism of the Type VIII precipitin reaction and the cross reaction between the Type III polysaccharide and Type VIII antipneumococcus horse serum. 3. The significance of the data is discussed.
The Sarcoplasmic Reticulum of Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle
Authors: Charles E. Kossmann, DON W. FAWCETT
Journal: Circulation (1961)

This paper traces the development of our present concept of the structural organization of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in striated muscle and reviews the physiologic evidence for its participation in intracellular impulse conduction. Comparative observations are presented showing that this system of membrane-limited tubules is particularly well developed in exceptionally fast-acting skeletal muscles. These findings are interpreted as evidence supporting the hypothesis that the reticulum is involved in the coupling of excitation to contraction, but it is considered likely that it also has other important functions in muscle metabolism. The sarcoplasmic reticulum of cardiac muscle is found to be much less extensive and less precisely arranged in relation to the cross-banded pattern of the myofibrils, than it is in skeletal muscle. It is believed, nevertheless, that it may prove to have a significant role in the physiology of the myocardium.
ASSOCIATION OF WALL SHEAR STRESS WITH VASCULAR HEALING RESPONSE BY OCT 5 YEARS AFTER BIORESORBABLE SCAFFOLD IMPLANTATION
Authors: Antonios Karanasos, Johan Schuurbiers, Muthukaruppan Gnanadesigan, Nienke van Ditzhuijzen, Jouke Dijkstra, Gijs Van Soest, Felix Zijlstra, Robert van Geuns, Jolanda Wentzel, Evelyn Regar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Use of FDG PET to Evaluate Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
Authors: Yutaka Yamazaki, Yoshimasa Kitagawa, Hironobu Hata, Takahiro Abe, Chika Murai, Tohru Shiga, Nagara Tamaki
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

An 80-year-old man presented with painful swelling in the mandibular region and a fistula with pus discharge that developed after tooth extractions. He had taken oral alendronate sodium hydrate and prednisolone for osteoporosis for 5 years. The lesion was diagnosed as bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) revealed a high accumulation of FDG in the right mandibular region. The patient underwent hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) 20 times. FDG PET maximum standard uptake value drastically decreased from 5.6 to 1.8 after HBO, paralleling the change in clinical symptoms, whereas other modalities did not show remarkable changes. This study demonstrates the utility of FDG PET in monitoring HBO for bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.
NOTES ON RETENTION OF URINE FROM URETHRAL STRICTURE.
Authors: JOHN W. S GOULEY
Journal: JAMA (1895)

The purpose of these notes is to recall attention to some of the ready and simple methods of relieving sufferers from the distress caused by retention of urine due to urethral stricture. This kind of urinary retention is seldom sudden; it is ordinarily preceded by difficult urination, whose increase—from month to month, from week to week, from day to day—is proportionate to the diminution of the urethral caliber at the diseased point, and also to the degree of muscular spasm of that part of the canal. For several weeks prior to complete retention, although urination be very frequent, the bladder is not emptied; this constitutes incomplete retention of urine which, from its stagnate state, soon gives rise to cystitis. At length the urine ceases to flow; there is then complete retention. This urine, accumulating for thirty-six or forty-eight hours, begins to slobber involuntarily, when the complete relapses into incomplete retention.
Training in Short-Term Psychotherapy
Authors: Astrid N. Heiberg
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1981)

Experiences in Norway since about 1970, are described in combined research and training on short-term dynamic psychotherapy. Research methodology and results are not discussed. Initiated by the Norwegian Research Council for Science and the Humanities, Sifneos was invited as research leader and supervisor in a study of STAPP carried out by a selection of highly motivated doctors participating in patient selection, training in short-term dynamic principles, activities, and research. The initial patient interview took place in front of the research group. Therapeutic activities were registrated on audiotapes and presented to the group members, each one being supervisor or supervisee alternately. The project has promoted knowledge and skill in short-term therapy and interest in research and the author stresses the fruitful interaction of both.
Hypertension in women: a separate case for treatment?
Authors: A J Silman
Journal: BMJ (1984)

<i>Staphylococcus schleiferi</i> is a Gram-positive coccus bacterium first discovered in 1988 that is typically associated with skin and ear infections in dogs, cats and birds. It is infrequently described as a human pathogen. There are, however, emerging reports of <i>S. schleiferi</i> infections in diverse clinical scenarios in humans, particularly in patients with weakened immune systems. <i>S. schleiferi</i> may be underrecognised due to limitations in routine microbiology diagnostic protocols and mislabelling as other <i>Staphylococcus</i> sp. We present a rare case of <i>S. schleiferi</i> diabetic foot osteomyelitis with subsequent bacteraemia in an immunocompromised host.
Monoclonal antibody KS1/4-methotrexate immunoconjugate studies in non-small cell lung carcinoma.
Authors: D J Elias, L E Kline, B A Robbins, H C Johnson, K Pekny, M Benz, J A Robb, L E Walker, M Kosty, R O Dillman
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The antigen reactive with murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) KS1/4 is expressed on epithelial malignancies and some normal epithelial tissues. Studies were undertaken to evaluate KS1/4-methotrexate (KS1/4-MTX) immunoconjugate in patients with advanced non-small cell carcinoma of the lung. Eleven patients in two different groups received KS1/4-MTX in two different escalating dose infusion schedules with a maximal tolerated dose of 1,750 mg/M2 and a cumulative dose of MTX of 40 mg/M2. Toxicities were similar in both groups and included fever, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, guaiac positive stool, and hypoalbuminemia. Two patients had an associated aseptic meningitis. One patient had a 50% decrease in two lung nodules without a change in lymphangitic infiltrates. This patient received a second course of treatment and developed an immune complex-mediated arthritis and serum sickness. Four patients mounted a human antimouse antibody response. Post-treatment tumor biopsies documented binding of MAb KS1/4. These studies document the feasibility and potential usefulness of a MAb directed against tumor-associated antigens with the targeting of chemotherapeutic drugs in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma.
Bacteriological and histological studies of the small intestine of rats treated with mecamylamine
Authors: J. M. S. Dixon, J. W. Paulley
Journal: Gut (1963)

Rats were injected intraperitoneally with mecamylamine (Inversine) in doses that were believed to have reduced peristaltic activity in the small intestine. Large numbers of <i>Escherichia coli</i> were present throughout the lumen of the small intestine of animals treated for two or three days and killed within three hours of the last dose of the drug. Histological changes in the small intestinal mucosa of these animals included an increase in the number of goblet cells and shortening and thickening of the villi. Bacteria invaded the intestinal wall of some of the animals. Animals killed 24 hours after the last dose of the drug showed no significant change from the normal controls. The findings support the hypothesis that bacteria are removed mechanically from the normal small intestine by peristalsis. Certain of the histological changes are similar to those seen in the small intestine in malabsorptive conditions in man and the relationship between hypomotility, the bacterial population, and malabsorption is discussed.
FTY720 Induces Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells through Activation of Protein Kinase C δ Signaling
Authors: Jui-Hsiang Hung, Yen-Shen Lu, Yu-Chieh Wang, Yi-Hui Ma, Da-Sheng Wang, Samuel K. Kulp, Natarajan Muthusamy, John C. Byrd, Ann-Lii Cheng, Ching-Shih Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract This study was aimed at elucidating the mechanism by which FTY720, a synthetic sphingosine immunosuppressant, mediated antitumor effects in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. The three HCC cell lines examined, Hep3B, Huh7, and PLC5, exhibited differential susceptibility to FTY720-mediated suppression of cell viability, with IC50 values of 4.5, 6.3, and 11 μmol/L, respectively. Although FTY720 altered the phosphorylation state of protein kinase B and p38, our data refuted the role of these two signaling kinases in FTY720-mediated apoptosis. Evidence indicates that the antitumor effect of FTY720 was attributable to its ability to stimulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which culminated in protein kinase C (PKC)δ activation and subsequent caspase-3–dependent apoptosis. We showed that FTY720 activated PKCδ through two distinct mechanisms: phosphorylation and caspase-3–dependent cleavage. Cotreatment with the caspase-3 inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK abrogated the effect of FTY720 on facilitating PKCδ proteolysis. Equally important, pharmacologic inhibition or shRNA-mediated knockdown of PKCδ protected FTY720-treated Huh7 cells from caspase-3 activation. Moreover, FTY720 induced ROS production to different extents among the three cell lines, in the order of Hep3B &amp;gt; Huh7 &amp;gt;&amp;gt; PLC5, which inversely correlated with the respective glutathione S-transferase π expression levels. The low level of ROS generation might underlie the resistant phenotype of PLC5 cells to the apoptotic effects of FTY720. Blockade of ROS production by an NADPH oxidase inhibitor protected Huh7 cells from FTY720-induced PKCδ activation and caspase-3–dependent apoptosis. Together, this study provides a rationale to use FTY720 as a scaffold to develop potent PKCδ-activating agents for HCC therapy. [Cancer Res 2008;68(4):1204–12]
Juxtapapillary capillary hemangiomas
Authors: Cathleen M McCabe, Harry W Flynn, Carol L Shields, Jerry A Shields, Carl D Regillo, H.Richard McDonald, Maria H Berrocal, J.Donald M Gass, William F Mieler
Journal: Ophthalmology (2000)

To describe the clinical features, association with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease and visual acuity outcomes of patients with a juxtapapillary capillary hemangioma.Retrospective observational case series.Seventy-two eyes of 68 patients identified with a juxtapapillary capillary hemangioma. Follow-up data of at least 6 months duration were available for 60 eyes.A retrospective chart review of patients diagnosed with a juxtapapillary capillary hemangioma examined at four medical centers.Age at diagnosis, visual acuity (VA) at first examination and at last follow-up, tumor growth pattern and location, associated clinical features, type of treatment, association with VHL, and presence of peripheral hemangiomas were recorded for each patient.On initial examination, VA was >/=20/40 in 43 of 70 eyes (61%) and was >/=20/200 in 60 eyes (86%). At an average follow-up of 5.4 years (range, 0.5-19 years), VA of >/=20/40 was achieved in 21 eyes (35%) and >/=20/200 in 33 eyes (55%). Patients with VHL had poorer initial VA (48% vs. 70% with VA >/=20/40, and 74% vs. 93% with VA >/=20/200) and final VA (26% vs. 41% with VA >/=20/40, and 39% vs. 65% with VA >/=20/200) compared with patients without VHL. Patients with VHL more commonly were seen at an earlier age (average, 20 vs. 44 years, P: < 0.001), with bilateral (17% vs. 0%), and/or peripheral (39% vs. 0%) (P: < 0.001) tumors that more often had an endophytic growth pattern (63% vs. 22%, P: = 0.001) compared with patients without VHL. Patients selected for laser treatment generally had poorer initial (52% vs. 74% with VA >/=20/40, 79% vs. 96% with VA >/=20/200) and final VAs (18% vs. 56% with VA >/=20/40, 45% vs. 67% with VA >/=20/200) compared with patients not treated with laser.On long-term follow-up of patients with a juxtapapillary capillary hemangioma, the VA generally worsens. Patients with VHL and a juxtapapillary hemangioma more often present at a younger age, have tumors with an endophytic growth pattern, and have bilateral, multiple tumors. Treatment with laser photocoagulation results in variable VA outcomes.
CLASSIFICATION AND TREATMENT OF CHRONIC ARTHRITIS
Authors: RUSSELL L. CECIL
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The classification of chronic arthritis is a problem that has interested students of medicine for many years. Twelve years ago, L. F. Barker<sup>1</sup>published a comprehensive review of the subject in which he said: Despite the real progress which has been made, it must be confessed that the arthropathies are still veiled in deplorable obscurity; and, as we shall see, the dimness, while due chiefly to our inability as yet to look at the processes from an etiological viewpoint, is to some extent dependent upon an intervening dust-cloud of terminology. Dr. Barker's remarks still hold true today. The etiology of many cases of chronic arthritis is still unknown, and the terminology for the various types is still in a state of confusion. During the last four years, we have studied 612 cases of chronic arthritis in the Cornell Clinic. As our familiarity with the disease has increased, we have