tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Separating People from Pollution: Individual and Community Interventions to Mitigate Health Effects of Air Pollutants
Authors: Cynthia Washam
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Efforts to minimize people's exposure to air pollution historically have focused on curbing emissions from tailpipes and smokestacks.But increases in vehicle-kilometers traveled-that is, more cars spending more time on the road-have tempered that effect.Moreover, residential areas, hospitals, and schools often are built adjacent to main traffic arteries, where emissions are highest.An international group of public health researchers now says it's time to start separating people from sources of air pollution as a means of protecting public health [EHP 119(1):29-36; Giles et al.].Air pollution can cause myriad cardiovascular and respiratory problems including asthma, bronchitis, and heart disease.Outdoor air pollutants can easily migrate indoors, and most exposure to ambient air pollution occurs inside buildings.Recent research indicates that people living near congested highways face a greater risk of such diseases and that moving to a lesspolluted neighborhood lowers their risk.The authors describe "promising and largely unexplored" approaches to reducing the health impact of air pollution through interventions targeted at communities and at indivi duals.They base their recommendations on published studies and discussions from a 2009 workshop on this topic held in Vancouver, Canada.The authors argue that cities can improve residents' health by considering air quality during land-use planning.For example, creating high-density, mixed-use areas would enable more people to walk or bicycle to work, school, and shops, thereby reducing emissions and encouraging more exercise; ideally, safe pedestrian and cycling greenways would be located away from traffic.For longerdistance travel, the authors suggest low-emission public transit.And in areas where wood burning is an important heating method, woodstove exchange programs can help residents acquire cleaner-burning stoves affordably.Risk factors for heart disease include a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and a high-sodium diet.Therefore, the authors posit that another approach to reducing a person's risk of being affected by air pollution is to minimize one's overall risk of heart disease.This could involve interventions that encourage people to eat a diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants and to get regular exercise.However, because pollution levels vary even within cities, exercise should be planned to minimize exposure.Variations occur by season, with ozone being higher in the summer and particulates from woodstoves higher in the winter, for example.Traffic-related pollutants also spike during rush hour and are higher in heavily traveled areas.
431 SVR RATES ARE HIGHER AMONG HCV G1 PATIENTS WITH ELEVATED LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (LDL) LEVELS WHEN TREATED WITH INTENSIFIED DOSES OF PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A (PEGASYS®) PLUS RIBAVIRIN
Authors: S.A. Harrison, D. Abdurakhmanov, M.L. Shiftman, I. Bakulin, W. Mazur, M. Rodriguez-Torres, G.F. Silva, H. Cheinquer, D. Messinger, M. Mckenna, F. Tatsch, K.R. Reddy
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Radioimmunoassay for Human Thyrotrophin
Authors: W. E. MAYBERRY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

The clinical usefulness of a radioimmunoassay for human thyrotrophin (h-TSH) has been evaluated in 915 subjects with and without thyroid abnormality. The range of values for serum thyrotrophin for 95% of euthyroid subjects was 2.0 to 15.2 µunits of Human Research Standard A per milliliter of serum. The distribution of values with age defined a parabolic relationship, being higher in the early and late decades of life. The discrimination of the assay is greater in the diagnosis of myxedema than any other available thyroid function test, and it offers the most direct and reliable means of differentiating primary and secondary myxedemas. The assay does not adequately differentiate hypopituitarism from normal status. The usefulness of the assay also was examined in a variety of other thyroid and endocrine abnormalities, but levels in general correlated best with conditions involving the hypothyroid state. The radioimmunoassay for human thyrotrophin is a valuable addition to routine tests of thyroid function in man.
STERILIZATION OF THE SKIN AND OTHER SURFACES BY A MIXTURE OF CRYSTAL VIOLET AND BRILLIANT GREEN
Authors: V. Bonney, C. H. Browning
Journal: BMJ (1918)

T *E prable4n liow to effect absolute sterilization of tlse skik is -of the utmrmost importance in sturgery-but it is difcnit-off sol-tion-becauise all' the usulally enmployed anti- septics Ase mnore or less strongly iim-tanlt, so tihat their pi-olongedl application for thje purpose of seeking out organisms lyinig beneathl the superficial laver of epitlhelial squanmes, or sequestered in the sweat and se3baceous glanids anid thje lhair follicles, is imnpossible.Their action is tlhuis limited to the surface of thje skin only, and(l those organislls whliclh lie deeper escap)e destruction.Moreover, tljey are rendered.inactive by admixture witlh albuininous sub- stances, so that the blood f ro)ll tlhe womnd, oss coining in contact with the prepared skin, inmediately neuitralizes the small amount of tlh 8
A lifestyle intervention improved obstructive sleep apnea more than support and education in obese patients with diabetes
Authors: Tim Reynolds
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Source Citation Foster GD, Borradaile KE, Sanders MH, et al. A randomized study on the effect of weight loss on obstructive sleep apnea among obese patients with type 2 diabetes: the Sleep AHEAD study. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169:1619-26. 19786682
Modern Legal Medicine, Psychiatry, and Forensic Science
Authors: John R. Feegel
Journal: JAMA (1980)

This is a large book, ambitious in its aim to be "the first comprehensive, single-volume work covering the entire field of legal medicine and the allied forensic sciences." Fifty-six contributors, several with national reputations, have collaborated to cover an unusually wide range of subjects, even for this type of text—so wide, in fact, that despite its length (1,300 pages), the book is less than comprehensive. Frequently anecdotal, several chapters seem aimed at entertaining the lay reader rather than professionals and lack depth, detail, and documentation. A limited number of black-and-white photographs, including portraits of the authors (a welcome but repetitive personal touch), have been included but lack the clarity of the original slides. The captions often presuppose expertise for proper interpretation. Occasional diagrams, offered as elementary examples of "forms" or isolated illustrations of various tests are included, although it is not clear for whom. It is doubtful that anyone would
Low iron-binding capacity as a risk factor for myocardial infarction.
Authors: M K Magnusson, N Sigfusson, H Sigvaldason, G M Johannesson, S Magnusson, G Thorgeirsson
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND In a recent Finnish study, ferritin was suggested to be an independent risk factor for acute myocardial infarction. This study suggested that high levels of iron stores might thus be atherogenic and possibly explain partly the sex difference in the incidence of ischemic heart disease. METHODS AND RESULTS A randomly selected group (n = 2036), men and women aged 25 to 74 years, were examined between June and September 1983. All classic risk factors for coronary artery disease were measured as well as basic hematologic parameters and the parameters of iron metabolism, ie, iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and ferritin. During the follow-up for 8.5 years, 81 subjects experienced acute myocardial infarction (63 men and 18 women). The differences in the iron parameters between men and women were almost exclusively seen in ferritin values (198 micrograms/L in men and 91 micrograms/L in women), whereas small differences were seen in TIBC. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the contribution of independent variables to the risk of myocardial infarction. TIBC was found to be a strong independent negative risk factor in men (RR = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92 to 0.98), whereas ferritin (RR = 0.999; 95% CI, 0.997 to 1.001) or other iron parameters had no significant predictive power. Each increase in TIBC of 1 mumol/L was associated with a 5.1% decrease in the risk of myocardial infarction. The classic major risk factors, ie, blood pressure, smoking, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein, had significant independent correlation with myocardial infarction. When Cox multivariate analysis was carried out on both sexes combined, TIBC was still an independent negative risk factor, and the logarithmic transform of ferritin had a weak negative correlation but was not statistically significant. Sex was in this group still a very strong risk factor after taking into account all classic risk factors as well as the parameters of iron metabolism. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that transferrin, measured as TIBC, is an independent negative risk factor for myocardial infarction. Other parameters of iron metabolism, including ferritin, were not found to contribute to the risk.
T-cell immunotherapy with a chimeric receptor against CD38 is effective in eradicating chemotherapy-resistant B-cell lymphoma cells overexpressing survivin induced by BMI-1
Authors: J Bhattacharyya, K Mihara, A Kitanaka, K Yanagihara, T Kubo, Y Takei, A Kimura, Y Takihara
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2012)

2][3] Recently, we found that BMI-1 renders B-cell lymphoma cells refractory to several anti-cancer drugs by inducing the expression of survivin. 4There is an urgent clinical need to find therapeutics to treat patients with lymphoma cells overexpressing BMI-1 and survivin.Although in the pre-rituximab era (Rituximab, IDEC Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA), the long-term remission rate for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was 50-60%, the addition of rituximab has led to an enormous improvement in survival.As rituximab has more significantly improved the overall survival, event-free survival and progression-free survival of patients with non-germinal center B cell-type DLBCL, which have a poor prognosis, than those with germinal center B cell-type DLBCL, [5][6][7][8][9] immunotherapy with an antibody such as rituximab may function by overcoming drugresistant genes including Bcl-2, Bcl-6 and Bcl-xL. 10We previously developed T cells with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) against CD38 and reported that these CD38-specific T cells effectively eliminated B-cell lymphoma cells in vitro and in vivo. 11,12This is because CD38 is widely and highly expressed in B-cell lymphoma cells (40-50% of patients with the B-cell typed), 13 especially in AIDS-associated lymphoma cells 14 and DLBCL cells bearing t(14;18) with aggressiveness (100% of these patients). 15e, thus investigated whether T cells bearing an anti-CD38-CAR exerted cytotoxicity against B-cell lymphoma cells expressing BMI-1 and survivin.Here we report that, the CD38-specific T cells efficiently eliminated chemotherapy-resistant B-lymphoma cells overexpressing BMI-1 and survivin, and propose that T-cell immunotherapy with CAR may be useful for treating refractory B-cell lymphoma.Two lymphoma cell lines (HT and RL) obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) (Manassas, VA, USA) were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) at 37 1C.The cells were transduced with a vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein (VSVG)-pseudotyped retrovirus containing MSCV-BMI-1-Flag-IRES-GFP or MSCV-IRES-GFP alone and the GFP-positive cells were sorted by FACS Aria (BD, San Jose, CA, USA).Primary cells were obtained from the lymph node, pleural effusion, and spleen of patients with lymphoma, and peripheral blood cells from healthy donors, and subjected to Ficoll-density centrifugation.Informed consent was obtained from all of the patients and donors.Patients with B-cell lymphoma and donors were examined as approved by the institutional review board at Hiroshima University.The retroviral vector construct consisting of GFP, the transmembrane domain of CD8a, 4-1BB, CD3z and anti-CD38 scFv was made previously. 11
Ubiquitin-Like Protein ISG15 (Interferon-Stimulated Gene of 15 kDa) in Host Defense Against Heart Failure in a Mouse Model of Virus-Induced Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Anna Rahnefeld, Karin Klingel, Anett Schuermann, Nicola L. Diny, Nadine Althof, Anika Lindner, Philipp Bleienheuft, Konstantinos Savvatis, Dorota Respondek, Elisa Opitz, Lars Ketscher, Martina Sauter, Ulrike Seifert, Carsten Tschöpe, Wolfgang Poller, Klaus-Peter Knobeloch, Antje Voigt
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background— Common causative agents in the development of inflammatory cardiomyopathy include cardiotropic viruses such as coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). Here, we investigated the role of the ubiquitin-like modifier interferon-stimulated gene of 15 kDa (ISG15) in the pathogenesis of viral cardiomyopathy. Methods and Results— In CVB3-infected mice, the absence of protein modification with ISG15 was accompanied by a profound exacerbation of myocarditis and by a significant increase in mortality and heart failure. We found that ISG15 in cardiomyocytes contributed significantly to the suppression of viral replication. In the absence of an intact ISG15 system, virus titers were markedly elevated by postinfection day 8, and viral RNA persisted in ISG15 −/− mice at postinfection day 28. Ablation of the ISG15 protein modification system in CVB3 infection predisposed mice to long-term disease with deposition of collagen fibers, all leading to inflammatory cardiomyopathy. We found that ISG15 acts as part of the intrinsic immunity in cardiomyocytes and detected no significant effects of ISG15 modification on the cellular immune response. ISG15 modification of CVB3 2A protease counterbalanced CVB3-induced cleavage of the host cell eukaryotic initiation factor of translation eIF4G in cardiomyocytes, thereby counterbalancing the shutoff of host cell translation in CVB3 infection. We demonstrate that ISG15 suppressed infectious virus yield in human cardiac myocytes and the induction of ISG15 in patients with viral cardiomyopathy. Conclusions— The ISG15 conjugation system represents a critical innate response mechanism in cardiomyocytes to fight the battle against invading pathogens, limiting inflammatory cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and death. Interference with the ISG15 system might be a novel therapeutic approach in viral cardiomyopathy.
Bronchial asthma induced by chick pea and lentil
Authors: J. A. Martin, J. A. Compaired, B. de la Hoz, S. Quirce, M. D. Alonso, J. M. Igea, E. Losada
Journal: Allergy (1992)

Martin JA, Compaired JA, dc la Hoz B, Quirce S, Alonso MD, Igca JM, Losada E. Bronchial asthma induced by chick pea and lentil. Allergic reactions to legumes through inhalation have rarely been described. We report the case of a 20‐year‐old man who experienced asthmatic attacks when exposed to the steam from cooking either chick pea or lentil. Type I hypersensitivity to the antigens in these legumes was demonstrated by means of immediate skin reactivity, histamine release tests, RAST and RAST inhibition. Specific bronchial challenges with the heated (75° for 30 min) extracts of chick pea and lentil elicited isolated immediate responses.
Double-barrelled Enteric Intussusception Causing Volvulus
Authors: H. B. Young
Journal: BMJ (1951)

MW_LOR" later it seemed advisable to transfuse the patient again, but by then it appeared impossible to cross-match him success- fully.For this reason his blood was sent to one of us (R. K. W.).After identification of the various antibodies contained in the patient's serum he was transfused success- fully several times.Five months after admission he suffered the first of a series of three massive intestinal haemorrhages.From the first two he rallied, after transfusion, but during the third he died; this was about six and a half months after admis- sion.Permission for a post-mortem examination could not be obtained.During his stay in hospital the white cell count had varied from a leukaemoid level down to 2,000 per c.mm.At no time were "lupus erythematosus inclusion bodies" found in the polymorpbonuclear leucocytes. Summary of Serological FindingsThe patient belonged to group B, N, cDe/cde or cDe/cDe (Table II).Anti-M was the first antibody to be identified TABLE II.-The Blood Groups of the Patient's Red Cells and the Antibodies in His Serum Patient's Groups Antibodies in Serumn B Anti-A N, presumably S- Anti-M and anti-S cDe/cde or cDe/cDe Anti-C and anti-E Presumably Fy(a-) Anti-Fy
Impact of Bilateral Internal Thoracic-to-Epigastric Artery Communications on Salvaging Total Lower Limb Ischemia
Authors: Hayato Tada, Toshinari Tsubokawa, Tetsuo Konno, Kenshi Hayashi, Katsuharu Uchiyama, Masa-aki Kawashiri, Shigeyuki Tomita, Hidekazu Ino, Go Watanabe, Masakazu Yamagishi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
A clinical-scale selective allodepletion approach for the treatment of HLA-mismatched and matched donor-recipient pairs using expanded T lymphocytes as antigen-presenting cells and a TH9402-based photodepletion technique
Authors: Stephan Mielke, Raquel Nunes, Katayoun Rezvani, Vicki S. Fellowes, Annie Venne, Scott R. Solomon, Yong Fan, Emma Gostick, David A. Price, Christian Scotto, Elizabeth J. Read, A. John Barrett
Journal: Blood (2007)
Exercise tolerance test. Single-sample screening technique to rule out growth-hormone deficiency
Authors: R. E. Johnsonbaugh
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Parent-directed vigorous exercise was evaluated as a screening test for adequacy of pituitary growth-hormone release in 57 short-statured children. This method obviated the need for pharmacologic provocative testing in all but the four children with growth-hormone deficiency. In 92% of the euendocrine children, the immediate postexercise venous sample demonstrated an adequate growth-hormone level. Vigorous physical exercise after an 8- to 12-hour fast with a single postexercise serum growth-hormone sample is a reliable, safe, and cost-effective screening test for growth-hormone deficiency. (<i>JAMA</i>240:664-666, 1978)
Postnatal presentation [corrected] of coeliac disease.
Authors: S. Travis, P. Ciclitira
Journal: BMJ (1989)

toring incidents.'In addition, there are all sorts of reasons why professional people are reluctant to report incidents of violence.4Doctors are no excep- tion, and even recent moves by the General Medical Services Committee to initiate a survey has led to an expression of fear that publicity might lead to copycat assaults.'There does seem to be a need to record and monitor the incidence of violence by patients towards doctors.We should be able to consider the experiences of victims and use them to produce guidelines and procedures on prevention and management techniques.There is also a need to provide appropriate support in the form of counselling as well as financial compensation.Presumably doctors are not immune from the psychiatric distress that follows assault.As Dr Shepherd suggests, family, friends, and colleagues will be supportive; however, in some of the more problematic inner city areas consideration should be given to the availability of professional coun- sellors outside the line management role.If psychiatric distress is particularly common after assaults that result in loss of earnings more attention should be given to the problems caused by delays in providing financial compensation6 as well as the inappropriateness of having to rely on courts to make compensation orders in favour of victims of assault.'It does seem important that professional asso- ciations and employers should strive to provide adequate care for the carers.
Go with the flow: an updated tool for detecting molecules.
Authors: L Frazer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

In the early 1970, researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratories developed the flow cytometer, a device that allows for the identification of unknown cells. In a flow cytometer, a single-cell suspension is passed in a continuous flow through a laser beam, with each cell scattering the light in a characteristic manner. A few years ago, researchers at Los Alamos began another project, refining the capabilities of the flow cytometer so that it could analyze not a single cell but a single molecule, allowing scientists to study bacteria at the molecular level, differentiating between individual strains more quickly and with greater accuracy than before. The new flow cytometer shows great promise in a variety of fields where single-molecule study would be valuable, such as genomics and disease transmission.
Tensions between healthcare equity and health equity must be debated
Authors: S. Asthana
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Bambra has based her analysis of what would happen if NHS allocations were based on age alone on a false premise.1 Nobody has suggested that age alone should determine allocations. Andrew Lansley said that those deciding allocations should be looking at the “respective burden of disease” and that age was the principal determinant of disease …
Ethnicity and Health
Authors: Imhotep Carter
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<i>Ethnicity and Health</i>serves as "an international academic journal designed to meet the fast-growing interest in the health of ethnic groups worldwide." It has an executive editor and an international editorial board with 39 members. More than half are located in the United Kingdom, a little more than a quarter in the United States, and the rest in Australia, Canada, India, Singapore, South Africa, and Switzerland. In the first three issues the journal devotes 85% of its text to reporting original research. In the first volume,<i>Ethnicity and Health</i>covers topics such as appendicitis, arthritis, cancer, eating disorders, heart disease, hypertension, mortality, renal disease, risk-taking behavior, sexually transmitted diseases, and suicide. It has made a competent foray into the daunting task of covering culture, religion, lifestyle, and race issues. <i>Ethnicity and Health</i>offers an international perspective. The first three issues contain 13 multiethnic subject articles; seven deal specifically with
Histopathologic alterations following local delivery of dexamethasone to inhibit restenosis in murine arteries
Authors: N PIRES, A SCHEPERS, B VANDERHOEVEN, M DEVRIES, L BOESTEN, J JUKEMA, P QUAX
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

Dexamethasone-eluting stents are currently under evaluation to prevent post-angioplasty restenosis. The efficacy and safety of dexamethasone as an anti-restenotic agent is still unclear. We assess the effect of perivascular delivery of dexamethasone on vascular pathology in a mouse model of restenosis.In this study we investigate the ability of both systemic and local dexamethasone treatment to inhibit neointima formation after cuff placement around C57BL/6 mouse femoral artery. As in the clinical situation, systemic dexamethasone treatment shows adverse side effects in animals, including weight loss. In contrast, local delivery of dexamethasone using a drug-eluting polymer cuff inhibits neointima formation and has no systemic adverse effects. Pathobiological examination of the experimental arteries, however, reveals a dose-dependent medial atrophy, a reduction in vascular smooth muscle cells and collagen content, an increase in apoptotic cell count and disruption of the internal elastic lamina.Our results demonstrate that although local dexamethasone delivery is effective as an inhibitor for neointima formation, it is dose-dependently associated with adverse vascular morphological changes pointing to a loss of vascular integrity.