tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Irritable bowel syndrome in the general population.
Authors: R. Jones, S. Lydeard
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the prevalence of symptoms compatible with a clinical diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome in the general population. DESIGN--Validated postal questionnaire sent to 2280 subjects randomly selected in 10 year age bands from the lists of eight general practitioners. The Manning criteria were used to define irritable bowel syndrome. SETTING--Urban population in Southampton and mixed urban-rural population in Andover, Hampshire. RESULTS--A response of 71% yielded 1620 questionnaires for analysis, of which 412 (25%) reported more than six episodes of abdominal pain in the preceding year, with 350 (22%) reporting symptoms consistent with the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome. The male: female ratio was 1:1.38. More subjects with irritable bowel syndrome had constipation and diarrhoea and 35% with the syndrome reported rectal bleeding compared with an overall prevalence of 20%. Other symptoms and conditions including heartburn, dyspepsia, flushing, palpitations, migraine, and urinary symptoms were significantly more common in the group with irritable bowel syndrome. Abdominal pain in childhood was more common in the subjects with irritable bowel syndrome (12%) than without (3%). One third of the group with irritable bowel syndrome had sought medical advice during the study period (male:female ratio 1:1.21); consultation behaviour was influenced by age and the presence of associated symptoms, varied considerably among patients registered with different general practitioners, and was poorly correlated with symptom severity. CONCLUSION--Symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome are present in almost one quarter of the general population and tend to be associated with a number of other complaints and conditions, some of which may reflect smooth muscle dysfunction.
Ventilation/Perfusion Reverse Mismatch in Septic Pulmonary Emboli
Authors: RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

An intravenous drug abuser was noted to have vegetations on the tricuspid valve. A blood culture was positive for Staphylococcus. Evolving lung lesions were undoubtedly related to septic pulmonary emboll. Lung scans revealed a distinct reverse mismatch. Septic pulmonary emboli should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a ventilation/perfusion reverse mismatch.
DERMATITIS MEDICAMENTOSA ATTRIBUTED TO CARTER'S LITTLE LIVER PILLS
Authors: John A. Conroy
Journal: JAMA (1942)

There are many so-called patent medicines advertised and marketed in the United States. The new Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act requires that the ingredients of these products be listed on the package. Carter's Little Liver Pills is a nationally advertised product. It is stated on the package marketed that the pills contain podophyllum resin and Curaçao Aloe. The amount of each drug in each pill or in the entire package is not stated. O'Donovan<sup>1</sup>stated that podophyllum resin, known as podophyllin, is extracted from the root of Podophyllum peltatum L. by percolation with 90 per cent alcohol, precipitation of the resulting tincture in water aciduated with hydrochloric acid, washing and drying. It is a pale yellow to deep orange-brown amorphous powder, soluble in 90 per cent alcohol and in ammonia and partly soluble in ether. The resin yields a percentage of a crystalline substance known as podophyllotoxin C
Biological Defense Research: Charting a Safer Course
Authors: Jay A. Jacobson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Jacobson and Rosenberg comment on aspects of the U.S. Army's Biological Defense Research Program and propose shifting some responsibility for biological defense research to a civilian agency such as the National Institutes of Health. They call for more openness in the conduct of such research, and report on Congressional efforts to reinforce the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention. Finally, they suggest ways in which physicians can be sure that research on biological agents is conducted safely and appropriately and can work to decrease the threat of a biological arms race.
Surgical Treatment of Congenital Aortic Stenosis by Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: C. WALTON LILLEHEI, MORRIS J. LEVY, RICHARD L. VARCO, YANG WANG, PAUL ADAMS, RAY C. ANDERSON
Journal: Circulation (1962)

CONGENITAL aortic stenosis has received more attention in the last few years be- cause of wider recognition of its natural history, considerable improvements in the evaluation of the different types of stenosis, and more accurate methods for assessment of its severity.These advances have been stimulated in large part by the fact that a satisfactory correction of this anomaly is possible with cardiopulmonary bypass' and with the recent improvements in the maintenance of myocardial integrity during aortotomy.This report of 34 patients with congenital aortic stenosis represents our entire surgical experience with this lesion from June 1956 to May 1961.The criteria for congenital eti- ology were physical signs found in early childhood, absence of a history of rheumatic fever, and certain specific anatomic features found at operation.All 34 patients were operated upon by the open technic with car- diopulmonary bypass.Material Among the 34 patients, 22 were male and 12 female.Their ages ranged from 5 months to 56 years (fig. 1). Results Clinical FindingsTwelve patients had no significant symp- tomatology referable to their defect.One
Acute renal failure induced by rhabdomyolysis.
Authors: I H Ross, E C Attwood, G E Atkin
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Scott, I have found that listening to each upper lung area is a reliable guide of tube placement in the trachea or, for that matter, right mainstem bronchus.This allows gentle easing back of the tube above the carina even without radiographic help.It is inappropriate to give to endotracheal intu- bation a mystique which might lead to its not being used on the very patients who need it most.
Abstract 2545: FLT3-driven redox signalling in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Aoife Corcoran, Thomas G. Cotter
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The concept of reactive oxygen species (ROS) being produced via the activation of specific oncogenes provides a basis for generating genomic instability and pro-survival signalling in tumor cells. The purpose of this study was to identify downstream targets of NADPH oxidase (Nox)-derived ROS signalling in acute myeloid leukemia cells, by performing a proteomic analysis utilizing two-dimensional phosphotyrosine immnoblotting. The majority of the targets identified were cytoskeletal-associated proteins including Ezrin, a known regulator of the cytoskeleton, which was examined further. The study demonstrated that inhibition of Nox enzymes, using diphenyleneiodonium chloride in the acute myeloid leukemia cell line MOLM-13, resulted in a decrease in Ezrin tyrosine phosphorylation and also triggered a shift in Ezrin sub-cellular localization as detected by immunofluorescence. The change in Ezrin localization coincided with altered cell morphology, observed using scanning electron microscopy and a decreased ability to migrate through a polycarbonate transwell membrane. Similar effects were observed upon inhibition of the oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 using the staurosporine derivate PKC412, implicating a role for FLT3 as an upstream regulator of Ezrin. Our results indicate that FLT3 drives production of ROS by Nox, which stimulates changes in Ezrin tyrosine phosphorylation and localization via redox regulation of Src. Furthermore, the modulation of Ezrin by FLT3 leads to subsequent alterations of MOLM-13 cell morphology and a significant influence on cell motility. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2545. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2545
Epilepsy and Occupational Placement-Reply
Authors: T. Forrest Fisher
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I can appreciate the concern of Ms Berner and Dr Fox for the placement of the epileptic patient in the work force. In my response to the original inquiry, I specifically refrained from classifying which types of epilepsy require qualified placement in the work force, as I consider it to be the responsibility of the examining physician performing the individual evaluation. There must be flexibility in this decision-making process. The medical evaluation is only part of the total consideration for placement in the work force. In many industries, the applicant enters the work force through the labor pool, and the labor pool job assignment may change daily, making it necessary for the supervisor to be informed of work restrictions. In many instances, it is impossible for the physician to know each job and its requirements, especially in a large facility or work site with a large work force
Propranolol and central nervous system function: potential implications for paediatric patients with infantile haemangiomas
Authors: A. Langley, E. Pope
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Given its improved safety profile compared with systemic corticosteroids, propranolol has become the mainstay treatment of infantile haemangioma (IH) worldwide. There is evidence, mainly from adult volunteer studies, that propranolol use is associated with central nervous system (CNS) effects. Impairment to short- and long-term memory, psychomotor function, sleep quality and mood with relatively low doses and durations of treatment have been reported. The exact magnitude of CNS effects resulting from propranolol use, especially in the early developmental stages and for prolonged periods of use, is not currently known. These effects may not be readily recognizable and require specialized assessment of cognitive function not routinely performed. Furthermore, there may be a delay between exposure and cognitive defects. The evidence to date provides a strong rationale to proceed with caution when prescribing propranolol for IH: treatment should be used only when indicated (in the presence of ulceration, impairment of a vital function or risk of permanent disfigurement) and for a limited duration, and the benefits of treatment should be weighed carefully against potential adverse events before treatment is initiated. This narrative review describes the evidence for an effect of propranolol use on CNS function from volunteer and patient studies, including IH.
FDA moves to regulate e-cigarettes and pipe and hookah tobacco
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Mantle cell lymphoma is a type of B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and accounts for 3%–6% of all adult NHL.<sup>1 2</sup> Bowel intussusception secondary to lymphoma is rare in adults, accounting for only 4% of all cases.<sup>3</sup>The authors present the case of a 53-year-old man, recently diagnosed with mantle cell lymphoma, who presented with sudden onset right-sided abdominal pain and was found to have ileocolic intussusception up to the hepatic flexure on abdominal CT. He underwent an emergency right hemicolectomy and intraoperatively, the terminal ileum could be seen telescoping into the caecum, up to the hepatic flexure. Although intussusception is uncommon in the adult population, an underlying bowel pathology should always be considered and prompt imaging should be organised to confirm the diagnosis and allow initiation of management in a timely manner.
Expression of integrins in human nail matrix
Authors: N. CAMELI, M. PICARDO, A. TOSTI, C. PERRIN, A. PISANI, J.P. ORTONNE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article Expression of integrins in human nail matrix Get access N. CAMELI, N. CAMELI Department of Dermatology, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 1, 40138, Bologna, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. PICARDO, M. PICARDO Department of Dermatology, San Gallicano, Roma, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. TOSTI, A. TOSTI Department of Dermatology, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 1, 40138, Bologna, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. PERRIN, C. PERRIN Department of Pathology, University of Nice, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. PISANI, A. PISANI Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Dermatological Research, University of Nice, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.P. ORTONNE J.P. ORTONNE Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Dermatological Research, University of Nice, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 130, Issue 5, 1 May 1994, Pages 583–588, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb13103.x Published: 01 May 1994 Article history Accepted: 23 September 1993 Published: 01 May 1994
Abdominal Muscle Uptake on FDG PET Secondary to Multiple Rib Fractures and Use of Accessory Muscles of Respiration
Authors: Robert Matthews, Dinko Franceschi, Corazon Cabahug
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

A 69-year-old man with a history of lung cancer was referred for FDG whole body positron emission tomography (PET) with computed tomography (CT) fusion. Three days before the study, the patient was involved in a motor vehicle accident (MVA). In addition to hypermetabolic lesions representing metastatic lung cancer, PET scan showed marked anterior and lateral abdominal muscle uptake. Multiple focal abnormalities were seen on the PET scan that corresponded to multiple rib fractures on the CT scan that were secondary to the MVA. When the patient was interviewed, he stated that he had thoracic wall pain that prevented him from breathing properly. This case illustrates an unusual pattern of increased anterior and lateral abdominal muscle uptake as a result of pain while breathing.
Care of the Patient With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Charles G. Moertel
Journal: JAMA (1980)

During 1980 cancer will afflict more than 700,000 Americans, and some 400,000 Americans will die of cancer. As a cause of death, cancer is second only to heart disease. Certainly from the standpoint of emotional impact of disease it is second to none. As such, cancer presents a major challenge to the practicing physician in every area of medicine from surgery, therapeutic radiology, and medical oncology to dermatology, psychiatry, and family practice. Although the pages of this and other medical journals, the programs of postgraduate courses, and the curricula of our medical schools often present measures for early diagnosis of cancer, as well as advances in treatment with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, it must regrettably be admitted that these measures will be successful in terms of cure for only 4096 of cancer patients. The majority of patients with malignant disease will suffer the effects of advanced cancer and will present
Specialist palliative care in dementia
Authors: Shaji K Sivaraman
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Developing primary palliative care Continuity of care is paramount but needs to be tailored individuallyEditor-Riley suggests that completion of a form detailing palliative care management should be mandatory for general practitioners. 1 I have spent a great deal of time promoting palliative medicine in primary care, with variable success.Much depends on the individual practitioner's experience and interest, which probably accounts for the variable success of handover forms to communicate with out of hours services.Making this a compulsory part of general practice might bring all practice to the same level.But the initial answer to the question, "Would I be surprised if my patient died in the next 12 months?"would then make the difference.Cynical practitioners would probably answer no for nearly all of their patients, for the longer you practise the less often you are surprised.But, in truth, for many patients in general practice the answer to this question would be no: many elderly patients who live in nursing or residential homes, nearly all patients with chronic disease, including heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, neurological disease, and so on.The workload in handing these patients over to the out of hours service would be huge, more so for the out of hours service than the individual practice.Continuity of care for patients who most need it is paramount, including all those with chronic disease.However, more sophisticated systems are needed to meet patient needs: perhaps different systems for different diseases, possibly different systems for each stage of a disease.Whatever the system, it must meet the needs of the individual patient.This entails dialogue between primary care (including out of hours), secondary care, and tertiary care to thrash out the detail.
Rate and Pattern of Mutation at Microsatellite Loci in Maize
Authors: Yves Vigouroux, Jennifer S. Jaqueth, Yoshihiro Matsuoka, Oscar S. Smith, William D. Beavis, J. Stephen C. Smith, John Doebley
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

Microsatellites are important tools for plant breeding, genetics, and evolution, but few studies have analyzed their mutation pattern in plants. In this study, we estimated the mutation rate for 142 microsatellite loci in maize (Zea mays subsp. mays) in two different experiments of mutation accumulation. The mutation rate per generation was estimated to be 7.7 × 10−4 for microsatellites with dinucleotide repeat motifs, with a 95% confidence interval from 5.2 × 10−4 to 1.1 × 10−3. For microsatellites with repeat motifs of more than 2 bp in length, no mutations were detected; so we could only estimate the upper 95% confidence limit of 5.1 × 10−5 for the mutation rate. For dinucleotide repeat microsatellites, we also determined that the variance of change in the number of repeats (σm2) is 3.2. We sequenced 55 of the 73 observed mutations, and all mutations proved to be changes in the number of repeats in the microsatellite or in mononucleotide tracts flanking the microsatellite. There is a higher probability to mutate to an allele of larger size. There is heterogeneity in the mutation rate among dinucleotide microsatellites and a positive correlation between the number of repeats in the progenitor allele and the mutation rate. The microsatellite-based estimate of the effective population size of maize is more than an order of magnitude less than previously reported values based on nucleotide sequence variation.
Percutaneous cholecystolithotomy: is gall stone recurrence inevitable?
Authors: J J Donald, S Cheslyn-Curtis, A R Gillams, R C Russell, W R Lees
Journal: Gut (1994)

Using radiological interventional techniques the gall bladder can be cleared of stones with a high success rate. As with any treatment option that leaves the gall bladder in situ there is an accompanying risk of stone recurrence, which is currently unknown for the radiological method. One hundred patients were studied prospectively to determine the recurrence rate of stones and clinical outcome after successful percutaneous cholecystolithotomy. Follow up included both clinical assessment and ultrasound examination at 3, 6, and 12 months and then annual intervals thereafter. The overall stone recurrence rate was 31% at a mean follow up of 26 months (range, 3-50 months). By actuarial life table analysis, the cumulative proportion of gall stone recurrence was 7, 19, 28, 35, and 44% at 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 months respectively. Of the 31 patients with recurrent stones; 17 remain asymptomatic, seven have experienced biliary colic, two abdominal pain, three non-specific upper gastrointestinal symptoms, and two jaundice secondary to common duct stones. Thirteen of the stone free patients have remained symptomatic; six with abdominal pain and seven with nonspecific upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Eight patients have subsequently had a cholecystectomy. No significant difference was found between the sex of the patient or the number of stones before treatment and the stone recurrence rates. The cumulative stone recurrence rate was significantly less in the 56 patients who received adjuvant chemolitholysis (p &lt; 0.05). These data show that stone recurrence after successful percutaneous cholecystolithotomy occurs in the minority, and is usually asymptomatic. It is concluded that the technique remains justified in the management of selected patients with gall stones.
Endogenous plasma Na,K-ATPase inhibitory activity and digoxin like immunoreactivity after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: A. Y. Bagrov, O. V Fedorova, M. N Maslova, N. I Roukoyatkina, M. V Ukhanova, E. P Zhabko
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

The aim was to look for the presence of circulating factor(s) with Na,K-ATPase inhibitory properties and digoxin like immunoreactivity in patients after acute myocardial infarction.Venous blood samples were obtained when the patients were admitted and different methods were used to monitor the plasma concentrations of factor(s) with properties of digitalis. SUBJECTS - These were 26 patients of both sexes (mean age 57.7 years, range 40-72) during the first 24 h of a first transmural acute myocardial infarct, 11 male patients with unstable angina pectoris (52.5 years, 45-67), and 18 healthy male controls (25 to 50 years).There was significant inhibition of ouabain sensitive Na,K-ATPase in intact erythrocytes in patients with myocardial infarction [1.4(SEM 0.15)mumol Pi.mg-1.h-1] compared with patients with unstable angina pectoris [3.1(0.4), p less than 0.01] and healthy controls [3.4(0.25), p less than 0.01]. In myocardial infarction complicated by ventricular fibrillation (n = 5) Na,K-ATPase activity was significantly lower than in the other 21 patients [0.95(0.2) and 1.55(0.11) mumol Pi.mg-1.h-1 respectively, p less than 0.05]. There was no change in erythrocyte Na,K-ATPase activity in myocardial infarction complicated by acute pulmonary oedema, nor was there any difference in activity in erythrocyte ghosts obtained from the patients with myocardial infarction v healthy controls, at 0.47(0.13) v 0.50(0.02) mumol Pi.mg-1.h-1. Boiled plasma supernatants obtained from the patients with myocardial infarction inhibited Na,K-ATPase in erythrocytes from healthy subjects. This inhibitory effect was antagonised by antidigoxin antibody. Plasma inhibitory potency was correlated with erythrocyte Na,K-ATPase activity in the patients with myocardial infarction (r = -0.65, p less than 0.001, n = 23). There was a 2.5-fold increase in plasma digoxin like immunoreactivity in the patients with myocardial infarction [1.65(0.5) ng.ml-1] using DELFIA fluoroimmunoassay as compared with five healthy controls [0.04(0.12), p less than 0.05] and nine patients with unstable angina [0.48(0.11), p less than 0.05]. There was no difference in plasma digoxin like immunoreactivity in myocardial infarction complicated or not by ventricular fibrillation, but there was very low digoxin like immunoreactivity in patients with myocardial infarction complicated by acute pulmonary oedema [0.26(0.08) ng.ml-1, n = 7]. There was no correlation between plasma digoxin like immunoreactivity and either plasma Na,K-ATPase inhibitory potency or erythrocyte Na,K-ATPase activity.The results show that plasma factor(s) with some of the properties of digitalis are increased in acute myocardial infarction.