tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relationship of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate to viscosity and plasma proteins in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: R.A Crockson, A.P Crockson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1974)

The best established laboratory test in the assessment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis is the erythro- cyte sedimentation rate (ESR).It is a complex measurement, the major factor being variations in the plasma protein concentrations, but the number and shape of the erythrocytes also contributes substantially.At constant red cell concentration, the relative contributions of the plasma proteins to the ESR are fibrinogen 10, a2 globulins 5, y globulins 2, albumin 1 (Hardwicke and Squire, 1952).Increase in the concentration of fibrinogen and other macromolecules is associated with increases in both the ESR and the plasma viscosity.The increase in viscosity, which would be liable of itself to slow the sedimentation of the red cells, is more than balanced by the increased rouleaux formation and consequent more rapid rate of sedimentation.Artificial macromolecules, such as dextran and polyvinyl pyrrolidones, have the same effect (Hardwicke and Squire, 1952; Lawrence, 1961).In rheu- matic diseases, Shearn, Epstein, Engleman, and Taylor (1963) have shown that the serum viscosity is principally affected by the concentration of the y globulins and of rheumatoid factor.A number of alternatives to the ESR have been suggested; these include plasma viscosity (Cowan and Harkness, 1947; Eastham and Morgan, 1965), serum and plasma viscosity (Hardwicke and Squire, 1952), and a modified plasma viscosity where allowance is made for the different plasma protein fractions (Lawrence, 1949(Lawrence, , 1950)).The present work was undertaken in an attempt to clarify the relationships between the ESR, the serum and plasma viscosity, and the plasma proteins with especial reference to the acute phase proteins. Methods and materialAll the 62 patients examined had rheumatoid arthritis of varying duration, activity, and severity, and were classified in accordance with the A.R.A. criteria (American Rheu- matism Association, 1959) as classical (9), definite (42), or probable (1 1).There were 22 males and 39 females and
Molecular pathways in myocardial development: a stem cell perspective
Authors: M Solloway
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

The heart has long been considered to adapt to increased work or pathology through the cellular growth process of hypertrophy. However, recent evidence for the existence of endogenous stem cells and regenerative capacity in the adult heart has given new impetus to the quest for cell therapies for heart failure, which remains the number one killer in Western cultures. The molecular cues driving cardiac development are now being explored in detail and will come into sharp focus as regimes for stem cell differentiation and efforts to augment endogenous regeneration are trialed. This review briefly outlines the current state of knowledge on the molecular basis of the four modalities of myogenesis that have been identified in the developing vertebrate heart. Stem cell-mediated myogenic repair in the heart represents a fifth modality, and an exciting frontier with basic and practical implications that remain to be explored.
Function of the Contralateral Kidney in Renal Hypertension Due to Renal Artery Stenosis
Authors: ALAN P. THAL, THEODOR B. GRAGE, ROBERT L. VERNIER
Journal: Circulation (1963)

Severe hypertension of at least 7 years' duration, due to coarctation of the right renal artery, was treated by reconstruction of the abnormal artery and restoration of blood flow to the coarcted kidney. Renal biopsies revealed normal microscopic architecture in the right kidney and advanced hypertensive pathology in the opposite kidney. After 8 months' observation of persistent, moderate hypertension, the left kidney was removed with prompt return of blood pressure to normal levels during the subsequent 2½ years. These observations demonstrate the precise correlation of hypertension due to renal artery stenosis in the human with the experimental model in rats.
Noninvasive diagnosis of coronary artery disease: the cardiokymographic stress test.
Authors: R A Silverberg, G A Diamond, R Vas, D Tzivoni, H J Swan, J S Forrester
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Stress-induced abnormalities of regional left ventricular wall motion were assessed by cardiokymography (CKG) during the course of maximal treadmill exercise tests in 157 patients, of whom 122 subsequently underwent coronary angiography. Seventy patients had significant angiographic coronary artery disease and 52 were normal. Forty-one of the 70 patients developed greater than 0.1 mV ST-segment depression (ECG sensitivity 59%) and 52 of 70 patients developed abnormal systolic outward motion by CKG (CKG sensitivity 74%). Among the 52 normals, 36 had negative ECG stress tests (ECG specificity 69%) and 49 had normally sustained systolic inward motion by CKG (CKG specificity 94%). The stress CKG was normal in 15 of the 16 false-positive stress ECGs; the stress ECG was correctly normal in two of the three false-positive stress CKG tests. Only one normal patient had concordantly false-positive ECG and CKG tests. The predictive accuracy of concordant ECG and CKG interpretations was, therefore, higher than either test alone. These data suggest that regional wall motion abnormalities, which are sensitive and specific markers of myocardial ischemia, may be detected noninvasively by CKG. We concluded that CKG helps identify false-positive and false-negative ECG stress tests and improves the diagnostic accuracy of stress testing for detection of coronary artery disease.
Amodal specifying information: Where is occlusion?
Authors: William M. Mace
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

James Gibson's theory of information, as specific to (but not necessarily "like") its sources, is especially indebted to the study of occlusion for its core examples. In occlusion, one is "amodally" aware of hidden surfaces. Is this still too related to one modality to count as a good case for Stoffregen & Bardy?
Temporal Characterization of the Functional Density of the Vasa Vasorum by Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography Maximum Intensity Projection Imaging
Authors: Sang Chol Lee, Chad L. Carr, Brian P. Davidson, Dilantha Ellegala, Aris Xie, Azzdine Ammi, Todd Belcik, Jonathan R. Lindner
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2010)
Herpes simplex virus and eczematous skin
Authors: W.C. Noble, W.A. Knowles, A.D. Porter, S.D. Gardner
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Journal Article Herpes simplex virus and eczematous skin Get access W.C. Noble, W.C. Noble The Institute of Dermatology, St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Homerton Grove, London E9 6BX Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W.A. Knowles, W.A. Knowles Virus Reference Laboratory, Central Public Health Laboratory, Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5HT Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.D. Porter, A.D. Porter Virus Reference Laboratory, Central Public Health Laboratory, Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5HT Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.D. Gardner S.D. Gardner Virus Reference Laboratory, Central Public Health Laboratory, Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5HT Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 105, Issue 4, 1 October 1981, Pages 475–476, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1981.tb00783.x Published: 01 October 1981
A manually curated functional annotation of the human X chromosome
Authors: H C Harsha, Shubha Suresh, Ramars Amanchy, Nandan Deshpande, K Shanker, A J Yatish, Babylakshmi Muthusamy, B M Vrushabendra, B P Rashmi, K N Chandrika, N Padma, Salil Sharma, Jose L Badano, M A Ramya, H N Shivashankar, Suraj Peri, Dipanwita Roy Choudhury, M P Kavitha, R Saravana, Vidya Niranjan, T K B Gandhi, Neelanjana Ghosh, Sreenath Chandran, Minal Menezes, Mary Joy, S Sujatha Mohan, Nicholas Katsanis, Krishna S Deshpande, Chaerkady Raghothama, C K Prasad, Akhilesh Pandey
Journal: Nature Genetics (2005)
The Secret Lives of Monoclonal B Cells
Authors: Robert F. Vogt, Robert A. Kyle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

It seems that B cells, the lymphocytes responsible for producing antibodies, are eager to share their secrets. Their revelations were first uncovered indirectly in serum through reactions with microbes, cells, and toxins; increases in gamma globulin after immunization; agammaglobulinemia associated with immune deficiency; and the paraproteins in multiple myeloma and related disorders that ultimately revealed the structure of immunoglobulins and prompted the two-gene–one-antibody hypothesis. Further revelations, often surprising and unique, came from the B cells themselves: clonal expansion, allelic exclusion, light-chain restriction, somatic recombination of immunoglobulin V genes, isotype switching, and the deliberate hypermutation of V genes that leads to . . .
Dendritic cells are potent antigen-presenting cells for microbial superantigens.
Authors: N Bhardwaj, S M Friedman, B C Cole, A J Nisanian
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Dendritic cells are a small subset of human blood mononuclear cells that are potent stimulators of several T cell functions. Here we show they are 10-50-fold more potent than monocytes or B cells in inducing T cell responses to a panel of superantigens. Furthermore, dendritic cells can present femtomolar concentrations of superantigen to T cells even at numbers where other antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are inactive. Although dendritic cells express very high levels of the major histocompatibility complex products that are required to present superantigens, it is only necessary to pulse these APCs for 1 hour with picomolar levels of one superantigen, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, to maximally activate T cells. Our results suggest that very small amounts of superantigen will be immunogenic in vivo if presented on dendritic cells.
Transluminal Treatment of Arteriosclerotic Obstruction
Authors: CHARLES T. DOTTER, MELVIN P. JUDKINS
Journal: Circulation (1964)

The rationale and technic of a new procedure—transluminal recanalization of arterio-sclerotic obstructions—has been described. Of the 11 extremities treated, six have shown marked improvement (four amputations averted). It is reasonable to assume that with a perfected technic and patients with less advanced disease, the percentage of successful recanalizations would increase. Early treatment with this technic may well prevent otherwise serious disease, not just prevent amputation of extremities not suitable for definitive surgery. We are satisfied that percutaneous transluminal recanalization is the treatment of choice for many lesions of the femoral and popliteal arteries. We believe this method is ready for application to obstructions up to approximately 10 cm. by those skilled in the use of vascular catheters. No doubt the interest and ingenuity of others will lead to refinements of technic as well as further clarification of the role of this attack on arteriosclerotic obstructions.
Experimental Assessment of the Allergenicity of a Psyllium Containing Laxative
Authors: W. F. Gauss, J. P. Alarie, M. H. Karol
Journal: Allergy (1985)

The allergenicity of psyllium was investigated using the Guinea Pig Maximation Test. Four of 12 animals gave positive skin reactions. Subsequent inhalation challenge of the same animals yielded respiratory hypersensitivity reactions in four of the animals. Two animals gave both skin and respiratory responses. The mosaic of respiratory and dermatologic symptoms demonstrated by animals resembled the pattern of findings reported in clinical studies. Results of SDS‐acrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoblot and protein determinations of aqueous psyllium extracts failed to indicate the presence of protein. Spectrophotometric studies suggested that the extract was a gum with a molecular weight greater than 14,000 daltons.
Renal Microvasculatures and Microenvironments
Authors: Stanley E. Bradley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

The quotation from Marcello Malpighi with which Clifford Barger begins his discussion of The Renal Circulation in this issue of the Journal is in certain respects a commentary upon the difficulty of defining structural-functional correlations in the kidney. Despite his "long, patient and varied use of the microscope," Malpighi ended by believing that the glomerular arterioles connect directly with the tubular drainage manifold. The exquisite traceries of renal vessels pictured on page 487 clearly show the capillary nets that Malpighi failed to see in his own crude injections with ink and wine. They show, too, the "granularity" to which Malpighi . . .
Bovine milk lipoprotein lipase transfers tocopherol to human fibroblasts during triglyceride hydrolysis in vitro.
Authors: M G Traber, T Olivecrona, H J Kayden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Lipoprotein lipase appears to function as the mechanism by which dietary vitamin E (tocopherol) is transferred from chylomicrons to tissues. In patients with lipoprotein lipase deficiency, more than 85% of both the circulating triglyceride and tocopherol is contained in the chylomicron fraction. The studies presented here show that the in vitro addition of bovine milk lipoprotein lipase (lipase) to chylomicrons in the presence of human erythrocytes or fibroblasts (and bovine serum albumin [BSA]) resulted in the hydrolysis of the triglyceride and the transfer of both fatty acids and tocopherol to the cells; in the absence of lipase, no increase in cellular tocopherol was detectable. The incubation system was simplified to include only fibroblasts, BSA, and Intralipid (an artificial lipid emulsion containing 10% soybean oil, which has gamma but not alpha tocopherol). The addition of lipase to this system also resulted in the transfer of tocopherol (gamma) to the fibroblasts. Addition of both lipase and its activator, apolipoprotein CII, resulted in a further increase in the cellular tocopherol content, but apolipoprotein CII alone had no effect. Heparin, which is known to prevent the binding of lipoprotein lipase to the cell surface membrane, abrogated the transfer of tocopherol to fibroblasts without altering the rate of triglyceride hydrolysis. Thus, in vitro tocopherol is transferred to cells during hydrolysis of triglyceride by the action of lipase, and for this transfer of tocopherol to occur, the lipase itself must bind to the cell membrane.
Persistent acantholytic dermatosis and extensive lentiginous 'freckling': a new entity?
Authors: C. Girard, L. Durand, B. Guillot, J-J. Guilhou, D. Bessis
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Sir, We read with great interest a case report by Cooper et al.1 recently published in the Journal, of two women with an extensive Grover's‐like eruption with lentiginous ‘freckling’. The authors argued that the lentigines were sun‐induced. We report two similar cases of persistent acantholytic dermatosis associated with extensive lentigines. Patient 1. A 60‐year‐old man, with skin phototype III, was seen for a generalized papular and pruritic dermatosis of 2 years' duration. A few months earlier, he had developed numerous small brown macules on the trunk and limbs. Physical examination of the skin disclosed scaly brownish‐red papules, 2–3 mm in size, and numerous lentiginous macules disseminated over the limbs and the trunk, mostly on the thighs (Fig. 1), the shoulders and the thorax. The nails were normal. He had no family history of skin disease and had never sun‐bathed regularly. Five successive biopsies of the papular lesions showed variable patterns of focal acantholytic dyskeratosis, spongiosis and hyperkeratosis, associated with a perivascular dermal lymphohistiocytic infiltrate and a few melanophages. Histology of a lentigine showed elongation of the epidermal ridges and hyperpigmentation of the basal cells with an increased number of melanocytes (Fig. 2). Direct immunofluorescence was negative. Treatment with acitretin 0·5 mg kg−1 daily and topical calcipotriol twice daily was instituted. Six months later, the pruritus was controlled and most of the papular lesions had disappeared, whereas a marked increase in the number of lentigines was noted.
Mortality of workers at the Sellafield plant of British Nuclear Fuels.
Authors: P G Smith, A J Douglas
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The mortality of all 14,327 people who were known to have been employed at the Sellafield plant of British Nuclear Fuels at any time between the opening of the site in 1947 and 31 December 1975 was studied up to the end of 1983. The vital state of 96% of the workers was traced satisfactorily and 2277 were found to have died, 572 (25%) from cancer. On average the workers suffered a mortality from all causes that was 2% less than that of the general population of England and Wales and 9% less than that of the population of Cumberland (the area in which the plant is sited). Their mortality from cancers of all kinds was 5% less than that of England and Wales and 3% less than that of Cumberland. In the five years after their first employment Sellafield workers had an overall mortality that was 70% of that of England and Wales, probably due to healthier members of the population being selected for employment. Raised death rates from cancers of several specific sites were found, but only for those of ill defined and secondary sites was the excess statistically significant (30 observed, 19.7 expected). For cancers of the liver and gall bladder there was a significant deficit of deaths (four observed, 10.5 expected). Workers in areas of the plant where radiation exposure was likely were issued with dosimeters to measure their external exposure to ionising radiations. Personal dose records were maintained for workers who entered such areas other than infrequently. Workers with personal dose records ("radiation" workers) had lower death rates from all causes combined than other workers but the death rates from cancer in the two groups were similar. Compared with the general population radiation workers had statistically significant deficits of liver and gall bladder cancer, lung cancer, and Hodgkin9s disease. There were excesses of deaths from myeloma (seven observed, 4.2 expected) and prostatic cancer (19 observed, 15.8 expected) but these were not significant and there was no evidence of an excess of leukaemia (10 deaths observed, 12.2 expected) or cancer of the pancreas (15 observed, 17.8 expected). Non-radiation workers had a significant deficit of leukaemia (one death observed, 5.1 expected) and a significant excess of cancers of ill defined and secondary sites (13 deaths observed, 5.8 expected). For no type of cancer was the ratio of observed to expected deaths significantly different between radiation and non-radiation workers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Relation of Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) to GRACE Risk Score To in-Hospital Cardiac Events in Patients with ST-Elevated Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ramazan Can Öncel, Mustafa Uçar, Mustafa Serkan Karakaş, Barış Akdemir, Atakan Yanıkoğlu, Ali Rıza Gülcan, Refik Emre Altekin, İbrahim Demir
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Textbook of Gastroenterology and Nutrition in Infancy
Authors: Jatinder Bhatia
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The second edition of this textbook adds several significant chapters and is reorganized into major divisions, eg, intrauterine and neonatal life and beyond, specific macronutrient and micronutrient requirements, and adverse effects of inadequate nutrition. It then addresses gastrointestinal problems (congenital and otherwise) and major issues such as liver and pancreatic diseases and diarrhea and constipation. The various chapters are detailed and include up-to-date references. These features make the book a comprehensive treatise on gastroenterology and nutrition for physicians, dieticians, nutritionists, and other professionals who have an interest in nutrition and the gastrointestinal tract. The book begins with a section on intrauterine nutrition, growth, and development. It deals with the development of the various enzyme systems and ends with a discussion of the effect of early nutrition on brain development. Among the chapters in this section is an excellent discussion of the nutritional adequacy of human milk for the preterm infant.
Xanthelasma in Association With Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Gabriel R. Martínez-Rovira
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Xanthelasma is usually seen in clinical situations characterized by abnormally high serum cholesterol or triglyceride levels, which are usually accompanied by disturbance of lipoprotein metabolism. The presence of xanthelasma in patients with thyrotoxicosis is highly unusual. Of three patients studied with such an association, there was only one abnormal finding in a diabetic glucose tolerance test. Lipid studies were within normal limits in all of the patients. Another patient also presented unquestionable evidence of atherosclerotic and rheumatic heart disease.
Predictors of Outcome in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes Without Persistent ST-Segment Elevation
Authors: Eric Boersma, Karen S. Pieper, Ewout W. Steyerberg, Robert G. Wilcox, Wei-Ching Chang, Kerry L. Lee, K. Martijn Akkerhuis, Robert A. Harrington, Jaap W. Deckers, Paul W. Armstrong, A. Michael Lincoff, Robert M. Califf, Eric J. Topol, Maarten L. Simoons
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —Appropriate treatment policies should include an accurate estimate of a patient’s baseline risk. Risk modeling to date has been underutilized in patients with acute coronary syndromes without persistent ST-segment elevation. Methods and Results —We analyzed the relation between baseline characteristics and the 30-day incidence of death and the composite of death or myocardial (re)infarction in 9461 patients with acute coronary syndromes without persistent ST-segment elevation enrolled in the PURSUIT trial [Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa in Unstable angina: Receptor Suppression Using Integrilin (eptifibatide) Therapy]. Variables examined included demographics, history, hemodynamic condition, and symptom duration. Risk models were created with multivariable logistic regression and validated by bootstrapping techniques. There was a 3.6% mortality rate and 11.4% infarction rate by 30 days. More than 20 significant predictors for mortality and for the composite end point were identified. The most important baseline determinants of death were age (adjusted χ 2 =95), heart rate (χ 2 =32), systolic blood pressure (χ 2 =20), ST-segment depression (χ 2 =20), signs of heart failure (χ 2 =18), and cardiac enzymes (χ 2 =15). Determinants of mortality were generally also predictive of death or myocardial (re)infarction. Differences were observed, however, in the relative prognostic importance of predictive variables for mortality alone or the composite end point; for example, sex was a more important determinant of the composite end point (χ 2 =21) than of death alone (χ 2 =10). The accuracy of the prediction of the composite end point was less than that of mortality (C-index 0.67 versus 0.81). Conclusions —The occurrence of adverse events after presentation with acute coronary syndromes is affected by multiple factors. These factors should be considered in the clinical decision-making process.
The neonatal electrocardiogram and unexpected death in infancy.
Authors: D P Southall, E A Shinebourne
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following The neonatal electrocardiogram and unexpected death in infancy. Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.