tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A31: Vitamin D Status is a Determinant of the Effect of Atorvastatin on Carotid Intima Medial Thickening Progression Rate in Children with Lupus: An Atherosclerosis Prevention in Pediatric Lupus Erythematosus Substudy
Authors: Angela Robinson, Vin Tangpricha, Eric Yow, Reut Gurion, Laura E. Schanberg, Grace McComsey
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Background/Purpose: Epidemiologic associations suggest that vitamin D status may play a role in inflammation and progression of atherosclerosis. Using frozen serum, carotid intima medial thickness (CIMT) measurements, and other existing data from the Atherosclerosis Prevention in Pediatric Lupus Erythematosus (APPLE) trial, we assessed interactions between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], atorvastatin randomization, and CIMT progression rate. Methods: Participants in the 3‐year APPLE trial were randomized to placebo or atorvastatin and CIMT progression rate was measured. Frozen serum collected at baseline was used to measure 25(OH)D levels by chemiluminescent assay (IDS, LTD). Mixed effect longitudinal models for the outcome CIMT progression at 3 years were used to evaluate interaction between vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D levels &lt;20 ng/mL] at baseline and atorvastatin or placebo treatment, and adjusted for lupus duration, gender, systolic blood pressure, pubertal level, LDL‐cholesterol, and the log of baseline high sensitivity C‐reactive protein. Results: 201/221 APPLE participants had available samples and were included in this analysis; 61/201 (30%) had vitamin D deficiency at baseline. In univariable linear regression modeling, baseline vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased baseline mean‐max IMT (p = 0.01). In multivariable longitudinal modeling, there was a significant interaction effect between baseline vitamin D deficiency and atorvastatin treatment in 3‐year progression of mean‐max CIMT (see Figure). In 4 out of 6 carotid segments, there was a greater decrease in mean‐max CIMT progression rate in subjects who were treated with atorvastatin compared to placebo if they had baseline 25(OH)D levels ≥20ng/mL. image Conclusion: Subjects with higher serum 25(OH)D (≥ 20ng/mL) had lower mean‐max CIMT progression following 3 years of atorvastatin treatment. Results from secondary analyses must be interpreted cautiously, but these findings suggest that treating underlying vitamin D deficiency may optimize benefits from statin therapy.
Seasonal Changes in Blood Pressure in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease Treated with Hemodialysis
Authors: Àngel Argilés, Georges Mourad, Charles Mion
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Many factors contribute to the regulation of blood pressure. The role of climate has received relatively little attention.During a four-year period, we determined the influence of climate on blood pressure in 53 patients with end-stage renal disease treated with hemodialysis. For each patient, blood pressure was measured before each of three dialysis treatments per week for an average of 31 months. The dose of dialysis (urea clearance multiplied by the length of dialysis and divided by the distribution volume of urea) and protein catabolism rate were assessed monthly. We then analyzed the monthly mean values for blood pressure, pulse, and body weight in relation to the monthly values for temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure recorded in Montpellier, France.The maximal monthly temperature varied from 10 degrees C in the winter to 31 degrees C in the summer, and the minimal monthly temperature from 1 degree to 20 degrees C. The mean (+/-SE) systolic and diastolic blood pressure was highest during the winter (153+/-3/82+/-2 mm Hg) and lowest during the summer (141+/-3/75+/-2 mm Hg). The seasonal pattern was evident throughout the four-year period. Blood pressure was correlated inversely with monthly maximal temperature (r= -0.65 and P<0.001 for systolic pressure; r= -0.71 and P<0.001 for diastolic pressure) and directly with minimal humidity (r=0.45 and P=0.002 for systolic pressure; r=0.43 and P=0.003 for diastolic pressure). Changes in protein catabolic rate, weight gain during dialysis, and dialysis dose were not related to changes in blood pressure.In patients with end-stage renal disease treated with hemodialysis, blood pressure varies seasonally, with higher values in the winter and lower values in the summer.
Sex Differences in Functional Connectivity in First-Episode and Chronic Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: Shameran Slewa-Younan, Evian Gordon, Anthony W. Harris, Albert R. Haig, Kerri J. Brown, Pierre Flor-Henry, Leanne M. Williams
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

There has been consistent evidence for a lower incidence and milder course of schizophrenia in women, yet there have been very few investigations of sex differences in brain function in this disorder. This study used a new high-temporal-resolution measure of functional brain connectivity to test the prediction that female patients would show relatively greater inter- and intrahemispheric connectivity than male patients, particularly in the early stage of schizophrenia.Forty patients with chronic schizophrenia (20 women and 20 men) and 24 patients with first-episode schizophrenia (12 women and 12 men) and their respective matched comparison groups completed a conventional auditory oddball task. Phase synchronous gamma (40 Hz) activity was extracted from EEG recording during the task and time-locked to the oddball (target) stimuli.Chronic schizophrenia subjects showed a reduction in global functional connectivity (lower gamma phase synchrony) relative to their matched healthy subjects. Unexpectedly, this reduction was most apparent in female patients. By contrast, while first-episode patients showed a general reduction in the speed of frontal connectivity, the speed of global connectivity was relatively faster in female patients.This is the first study to investigate sex differences in schizophrenia that used the functional connectivity measure of gamma phase synchrony. The results suggest that in female patients with schizophrenia, additional breakdowns in brain network connectivity may develop with illness chronicity.
Cocaine, Pulmonary Edema, and Propranolol
Authors: Mark Walsh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections15 May 1989Cocaine, Pulmonary Edema, and PropranololMark Walsh, MD, Jeff Atwood, MDMark Walsh, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Jeff Atwood, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-110-10-843_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:Robin and colleagues (1) showed that propranolol blunts the pulmonary edema and ascites in mice given massive doses of cocaine. They suggest that their findings in this animal model can be applied to the clinical setting of cocaine overdosage. However, propranolol has been reported (2, 3) to cause paradoxical worsening of cocaine-induced hypertension. Unopposed alpha-adrenergic receptor stimulation after beta-adrenergic blockage by propranolol results in greater hypertension. On the other hand, alpha-II and beta-adrenergic blockage with labetolol has been used successfully to treat the hypertension and tachyarrhythmias caused by cocaine. For these reasons it is premature to propose...References1. RobinWongPtashne EEK. Increased lung water and ascites after massive cocaine overdosage in mice and improved survival related to beta-adrenergic blockage. Ann Intern Med. 1989;110:202-7. LinkGoogle Scholar2. OlsonBenowitz KN. Management of cocaine poisoning. Ann Emerg Med. 1983;12:655-66. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. GayLoper GK. The use of labetolol in the management of cocaine crisis. Ann Emerg Med. 1988;17:282-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: St. Joseph's Medical Center South Bend, IN 46617 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPeripartum care of the cocaine-abusing parturient: are we ready?Cardiovascular disorders associated with cocaine use: myths and truthsMechanisms of Hemodynamic Responses to Cocaine in Conscious RatsRespiratory toxicities from stimulant use 15 May 1989Volume 110, Issue 10Page: 843-844KeywordsAnimal modelsAscitesCocaineEdemaHypertensionTachycardia Issue Published: 15 May 1989 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Women's Health Specialty, Other Issues on Agenda of 'Reframing' Conference
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

SEVERAL HUNDRED health care providers, medical school faculty, philosophers, and other scholars are expected to convene in Chicago, Ill, this week (October 15 through 17) to debate whether a medical specialty in women's health should be created. The conference, "Reframing Women's Health: Multidisciplinary Research and Practice," is sponsored by the University of Illinois at Chicago's Center for Research on Women and Gender. Its purpose is to explore strategies for enhancing research and clinical practice in women's health. Much of the first day of the meeting will be taken up by discussions on the need for a specialty in women's health and what kind of curricula would be necessary for establishing such a specialty. "This is the first national meeting that focuses on the creation of a women's health specialty," says Alice Dan, PhD, conference chair and director of the Center for Research on Women and Gender. On the second day,
Why Well-Insured Patients Should Demand Value-Based Insurance Benefits
Authors: Colleen C. Denny, Ezekiel J. Emanuel, Steven D. Pearson
Journal: JAMA (2007)

VARIATIONS ON THE FAMILIAR REFRAIN “COSTS SHOULD not factor into decisions about health care” permeate contemporary discussions on the state of the US health care system. The US populace seems to strongly agree with this proposition: a 2003 poll indicated that 86% of US citizens do not support the denial of health services for reasons of cost. A significant part of this resistance can be attributed to the general feeling that health care services are a special good, the provision of which should not be “unfairly” influenced by costs. In particular, patients with good health benefits often suspect they personally have nothing to gain—and much to lose—by integrating costs into coverage determinations. These beliefs are short-sighted and mistaken. Health insurance coverage uninformed by cost considerations already poses harms to insured patients and will pose an even greater threat as health care spending soars. All US citizens, even those with excellent health care insurance, should demand value-based insurance, in which health benefits are designed to reflect the underlying ratio of associated costs and benefits for the services covered.
Maternal Fish Consumption, Mercury Levels, and Risk of Preterm Delivery
Authors: Fei Xue, Claudia Holzman, Mohammad Hossein Rahbar, Kay Trosko, Lawrence Fischer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Pregnant women receive mixed messages about fish consumption in pregnancy because unsaturated fatty acids and protein in fish are thought to be beneficial, but contaminants such as methylmercury may pose a hazard.
Acute Bilateral Retrobulbar Neuritis
Authors: D. Rose
Journal: BMJ (1956)

The accepted treatment of torsion of the spermatic cord is operative reduction.That this is a comparatively rare surgical emergency all surgeons will readily admit.As O'Conor (1933) pointed out, however, the condition is prob- ably much commoner than is generally realized, most cases never reaching a surgeon, and, in fact, never being diagnosed at all.They are looked upon by their doctor as cases of simple orchitis, and treated conservatively.If no attempt is made to reduce the torsion the pain will disappear after two to five days, and the swelling will disappear by the end of 10 days or a fortnight.Only if the doctor sees the case a long time afterwards, and notices that the patient has one atrophic testicle, will he have a chance of recognizing his mistake.One wonders whether it is impressed strongly enough on the young doctor that orchitis is extremely rare, while torsion of the testis is comparatively common in the young subject.The results of operative reduction are unfortunately ex- tremely bad, and most figures go to show that approximately 50% develop subsequent atrophy of the testis.The reason for this is presumably the testicle's intolerance to ischaemia, and it is therefore of the utmost importance that reduction should be carried out at the earliest possible moment.The period elapsing between the consultation in the doctor's surgery and the operating table may be just sufficient to make the difference between a lost and a saved testis.If the patient has the normal complement of two testes, this may be of small importance, but it is very different if only one is present, and there is always the danger of mumps striking down the other later.Where the testis is fully descended non-operative reduction is often an exceedingly simple manceuvre, which can be carried out by any doctor in his surgery or in the patient's home.This non-operative treatment has not been advocated in this country on the grounds that failure to fix the testis may result in recurrence.This seems a most inadequate argument, as orchidopexy can always be performed at a later date if necessary, and, if immediate manual reduction
Exercise training worsens prognosis of cardiomyopathic hamsters (BIO14.6) via beta 1 -adrenergic stimulation
Authors: Issel Shiotani, Hideyuki Sato, Hiroshi Sato, Yozo Ohnishi, Eiji Hishida, Kunihiro Kinjo, Daisaku Nakatani, Hiroya Mizuno, Masatsugu Hori
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
ELECTROLYTES IN HUMAN TISSUE. III. A COMPARISON OF NORMAL HEARTS WITH HEARTS SHOWING CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE 1
Authors: Walter E. Wilkins, Glenn E. Cullen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1933)

Previous studies from Vanderbilt Medical School (Harrison, Pilcher and Ewing, 1930) (Calhoun, Cullen, Clark, and Harrison, 1930) have shown that the potassium content of heart muscle may be diminished in persons dying with congestive heart failure.The present study was planned to investigate the concentration of other important electrolytes under the same conditions and in normal hearts, i.e., hearts from persons killed in accidents.However, when the pathologic reports were analysed it was found necessary to divide the material into three groups-(1) Normal hearts; (2) an intermediate group of hearts from fatal accidents which show pathologic evidence of cardiac disease; and (3) hearts from persons dying with congestive heart failure.See Table I.Seventeen hearts, 5 in Group 1, 4 in Group 2, and 8 in Group 3, were analysed for water content, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and sodium.The methods used in this study are those described elsewhere (Cullen and Wilkins, 1933).Special precautions were taken to determine accurately the water content of the tissues.The samples, which were shipped, were sealed in air-tight bottles, and any liquid which came out of the tissues during transit was included in the entire sample which was weighed and dried. RESULTSThe determined values, in most cases based on duplicate analyses, for water, total phosphorus, potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium are given in terms of wet muscle in Table II.In order to compare the osmotic relationship of the electrolytes in the tissue, the results were calculated to milliequivalents per kilo tissue water, as was done by Van Slyke, Wu and McLean (1923) for blood electrolytes.In this
Selective Heart Rate Reduction With Ivabradine Unloads the Left Ventricle in Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Jan-Christian Reil, Jean-Claude Tardif, Ian Ford, Suzanne M. Lloyd, Eileen O'Meara, Michel Komajda, Jeffrey S. Borer, Luigi Tavazzi, Karl Swedberg, Michael Böhm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Effects of lung volume and fatigue on evoked diaphragmatic phonomyogram in normal subjects.
Authors: M. Petitjean, J. Ripart, J. Couture, F. Bellemare
Journal: Thorax (1996)

BACKGROUND: A diaphragmatic phonomyogram (PMG) evoked by maximal phrenic nerve stimulation at end expiratory lung volume (FRC) has been previously described as a good index of changes in diaphragmatic contractility with fatigue. A study was undertaken to assess whether this conclusion could be extended to different lung volumes. METHODS: Diaphragmatic compound motor action potentials (CMAPs) were recorded on each side of the chest by the means of surface electrodes placed over the eight intercostal spaces in five healthy subjects. Diaphragmatic PMGs from both sides were recorded with condenser microphones fixed to the skin close to the CMAP recording electrodes. Oesophageal and gastric balloon tipped catheters were employed to measure transdiaphragmatic pressure twitches (TwPDI) which served as the standard measure of changes in diaphragmatic contractility. PMG and TwPDI responses were compared at different lung volumes over inspiratory capacity both before and after fatiguing inspiratory resistive loading. RESULTS: No consistent relationship was found in different subjects or on different days in the same subject between PMG and lung volume or between PMG and TwPDI. However, the PMG:CMAP ratio from both sides at any given lung volume decreased after fatigue in roughly the same proportion as the TwPDI. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that, although PMG can detect changes in diaphragmatic contractility caused by fatigue in normal subjects, lung volume changes need to be controlled and each subject should serve as his or her own control.
Acetylcholine Release in Human Heart Atrium
Authors: Vitus Oberhauser, Eckhard Schwertfeger, Tobias Rutz, Friedhelm Beyersdorf, Lars Christian Rump
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —An imbalance of sympathetic and parasympathetic drive to the heart is an important risk factor for cardiac death in patients with coronary heart disease, diabetes, and renal insufficiency. The amount of neurotransmitter released from peripheral autonomic nerves is modulated by presynaptic receptor systems. In analogy to α-autoreceptors on sympathetic nerves, muscarinic autoreceptors activated by endogenous acetylcholine may exist on parasympathetic nerves in the human heart. Methods and Results —We developed a technique to study acetylcholine release from human atria and investigated muscarinic autoreceptor function. A pharmacological and molecular approach was used to characterize the subtype involved. Of the 5 muscarinic receptor subtypes cloned, only mRNA encoding for M 2 - and M 3 -receptors were detected. Potencies of several muscarinic antagonists against the release-inhibiting effect of the nonselective muscarinic agonist carbachol at the cardiac autoreceptor were correlated with published data for human cloned M 1 - through M 5 -receptors. Conclusions —This analysis clearly indicates that acetylcholine release in human atria is controlled by muscarinic M 2 -receptors. Blockade of these receptors by atropine doubles the amount of acetylcholine released at a stimulation frequency of 5 Hz. In atria of patients &gt;70 years of age and patients with late diabetic complications, acetylcholine release is reduced. Locally impaired cardiac acetylcholine release may therefore represent a pathophysiological link to sudden cardiac death in elderly and diabetic patients.
Immune-mediated Loss of Transgene Expression From Virally Transduced Brain Cells Is Irreversible, Mediated by IFNγ, Perforin, and TNFα, and due to the Elimination of Transduced Cells
Authors: Jeffrey M Zirger, Mariana Puntel, Josee Bergeron, Mia Wibowo, Rameen Moridzadeh, Niyati Bondale, Carlos Barcia, Kurt M Kroeger, Chunyan Liu, Maria G Castro, Pedro R Lowenstein
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

The adaptive immune response to viral vectors reduces vector-mediated transgene expression from the brain. It is unknown, however, whether this loss is caused by functional downregulation of transgene expression or death of transduced cells. Herein, we demonstrate that during the elimination of transgene expression, the brain becomes infiltrated with CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and that these T cells are necessary for transgene elimination. Further, the loss of transgene-expressing brain cells fails to occur in the absence of IFNγ, perforin, and TNFα receptor. Two methods to induce severe immune suppression in immunized animals also fail to restitute transgene expression, demonstrating the irreversibility of this process. The need for cytotoxic molecules and the irreversibility of the reduction in transgene expression suggested to us that elimination of transduced cells is responsible for the loss of transgene expression. A new experimental paradigm that discriminates between downregulation of transgene expression and the elimination of transduced cells demonstrates that transduced cells are lost from the brain upon the induction of a specific antiviral immune response. We conclude that the anti-adenoviral immune response reduces transgene expression in the brain through loss of transduced cells.
Mutations in the gene encoding pejvakin, a newly identified protein of the afferent auditory pathway, cause DFNB59 auditory neuropathy
Authors: Sedigheh Delmaghani, Francisco J del Castillo, Vincent Michel, Michel Leibovici, Asadollah Aghaie, Uri Ron, Lut Van Laer, Nir Ben-Tal, Guy Van Camp, Dominique Weil, Francina Langa, Mark Lathrop, Paul Avan, Christine Petit
Journal: Nature Genetics (2006)
284 LIPID MODULATORS (STATINS AND EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID) ACCELERATE THE DECLINE OF HCV VIRUS LOAD DURING TREATMENT WITH PEG-INTERFERON AND RIBAVIRIN
Authors: M. Nakamuta, T. Yoshimoto, S. Harada, T. Ohashi, N. Fukushima, K. Fukuizumi, T. Fujino, H. Nishi, T. Mizutani, N. Harada, H. Nomura, M. Enjoji
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)