tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of macrophages from normal human bone marrow in liquid culture. Electron microscopy and cytochemistry.
Authors: D R Bainton, D W Golde
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

To study the various stages of human mononuclear phagocyte maturation, we cultivated bone marrow in an in vitro diffusion chamber with the cells growing in suspension and upon a dialysis membrane. At 2, 7, and 14 days, the cultured cells were examined by electron microscopy and cytochemical techniques for peroxidase and for more limited analysis of acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase. Peroxidase was being synthesized in promonocytes of 2- and 7-day cultures, as evidenced by reaction product in the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, and storage granules. Peroxidase synthesis had ceased in monocytes and the enzyme appeared only in some granules. By 7 days, large macrophages predominated, containing numerous peroxidase-positive storage granules, and heterophagy of dying cells was evident. By 14 days, the most prevalent cell type was the large peroxidase-negative macrophage. Thus, peroxidase is present in high concentrations in immature cells but absent at later stages, presumably a result of degranulation of peroxidase-positive storage granules. Clusters of peroxidase-negative macrophages with indistinct borders (epithelioid cells), as well as obvious multinucleated giant cells, were noted. Frequently, the interdigitating plasma membranes of neighboring macrophages showed a modification resembling a septate junction--to our knowledge, representing the first documentation of this specialized cell contact between normal macrophages. We suggest that such junctions may serve as zones of adhesion between epithelioid cells.
Endoscopic reduction of a jejunogastric intussusception
Authors: E. Toth, S. Arvidsson, H. Thorlacius
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Jejunogastric intussusception (JGI) is a rare complication of gastric surgery (incidence < 0.1 %), in particular of Billroth II procedures [1]. Postoperative JGI may present any time between a few days and up to 30 years after surgery [1]. The standard treatment is emergency surgery to prevent the development of severe complications, such as gangrene and perforation of the bowel; however, the perioperative mortality is as high as 10 % – 50 % [2]. Endoscopic management of JGI has been reported in a few cases as a possible alternative to surgery, although the risk of recurrence has been highlighted [3] [4]. We describe here the successful endoscopic reduction of a JGI without recurrence in a 2-year follow-up period.
Abstract 2837: Adiponectin knockout enhances intestinal carcinogenesis in Min and wild-type mice
Authors: Michihiro Mutoh, Naoya Teraoka, Shinji Takasu, Mami Takahashi, Kunishige Onuma, Naoto Kubota, Takashi Kadowaki, Keiji Wakabayashi, Hitoshi Nakagama
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Obesity-associated cancers, including colon cancer, are increasing in Western countries. It has been demonstrated that increased amounts of visceral fat and decreased levels of plasma adiponectin (APN) are associated with development of human colorectal cancer. Thus, we here investigated the function of APN in intestinal carcinogenesis. Male APN+/+, APN+/- or APN-/- C57BL/6J mice were injected with azoxymethane (AOM) once a week for 6 weeks, which led to the development of intestinal tumors. C57BL/6J mice with each genotype were sacrificed at the age of 55 weeks, and the number and size of colorectal tumors were examined by pathological study. Furthermore, these strains of mice were also crossed with Min mice (C57BL/6J background) to assess the effects of APN on intestinal polyp formation. At the age of 9 and 12 weeks, Min mice each with the APN genotype were sacrificed, and the number and size of intestinal polyps were examined by pathological study. Levels of adipocytokine and phosphorylation of AMPK were also evaluated to clarify the effect of APN on intestinal tumor development. The incidence of AOM-induced tumors was 40% of APN+/+, 50% of APN+/- and 71% (p&amp;lt;0.05) of male APN-/- C57BL/6J mice, respectively. Multiplicities of AOM-induced tumors in each genotype were 0.5±0.7, 0.6±0.7 and 1.1±1.0 (p&amp;lt;0.05), respectively. The total number of intestinal polyps developed in 9-week-old male APN+/- Min and APN-/-Min mice increased 2.4- and 3.2-fold compared with those in APN+/+Min mice, respectively, and was further enhanced at 12 weeks of age, being 3.2- and 3.4-fold, respectively. Studies with female mice gave similar results. Phosphorylation levels of AMPK in intestinal epithelial cells were decreased in APN-/- mice compared with APN+/+ mice. Among serum adipocytokines, levels of serum Pai-1 increased in APN-/- C57BL/6J mice and APN-/-Min mice with AOM injection. Activation of AMPK by metformin treatment suppressed Pai-1 expression in Min mice. AOM-induced colorectal aberrant crypt foci in APN-/- C57BL/6J mice were decreased by a Pai-1 blocker. In conclusion, APN-deficient mice developed more intestinal tumors. Decreased phosphorylation of AMPK and increased levels of Pai-1 were observed in APN-deficient mice compared with wild-type mice. APN and its receptors might be good targets for developing colorectal cancer chemopreventive agents. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2837. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2837
The protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor SU5614 inhibits FLT3 and induces growth arrest and apoptosis in AML-derived cell lines expressing a constitutively activated FLT3
Authors: Karsten Spiekermann, Ralf J. Dirschinger, Ruth Schwab, Ksenia Bagrintseva, Florian Faber, Christian Buske, Susanne Schnittger, Louise M. Kelly, D. Gary Gilliland, Wolfgang Hiddemann
Journal: Blood (2003)
Phase I Trial of Intrapleural Docetaxel Administered Through an Implantable Catheter in Subjects with a Malignant Pleural Effusion
Authors: David R. Jones, Matthew D. Taylor, Gina R. Petroni, Jianfen Shu, Sandra G. Burks, Thomas M. Daniel, Heidi H. Gillenwater
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
The Role of Self-Help Groups In Helping Patients and Families Cope with Cancer
Authors: M. A. Lieberman
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1988)

Self-help processes of change are different and distinct from those of professional service and evolve empirically out of the patients' own experience. There is increasing evidence that self-help groups are beneficial, and their use should be encouraged. It is not a question of which system of change-self help or professional-is better. Both methods appear to have a meaningful role in helping individuals with psychosocial problems, including patients with cancer.
46. In Vivo Adenoviral Gene Transfer of Activated PI3-Kinase Rescues Cardiac Dysfunction and Injury Induced by Ischemia-Reperfusion after Chronic Cardiac Akt Activation
Authors: Tomohisa Nagoshi, Takashi Matsui, Takuma Aoyama, Ling Li, David A. Kass, Hunter C. Champion, Rosenzweig Anthony
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)
Growth Rate of Aortic Diameter in Patients With Type B Aortic Dissection During the Chronic Phase
Authors: Eijun Sueyoshi, Ichiro Sakamoto, Kuniaki Hayashi, Tetsuji Yamaguchi, Tatuya Imada
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— The purpose of this study was to evaluate the growth rate of type B double-barrel aortic dissection with computed tomography (CT) and the factors influencing its enlargement. Methods and Results— Sixty-two patients were entered into this study, and regular follow-up CT studies (mean; 49.1 months) were performed. The affected aortas and iliac arteries were divided into 5 segments (aortic arch, descending thoracic, suprarenal abdominal, infrarenal abdominal aorta, and iliac artery). Fifty-two of 62 patients (83.9%) had 1 or more segments increased in size during follow-up period. In a total of 177 segments, the presence or absence of blood flow in the false lumen and aortic diameter were evaluated on CT during the follow-up period. The factors (gender, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerotic disease, smoking, entry site in arch, initial diameter, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, blood pressure, and age) influencing increase in the diameter and growth rate were also evaluated. Of 177 segments, 132 segments (74.6%) increased in size during the follow-up period. The presence of blood flow in the false lumen was the only significant risk factor for increase in the diameter in the univariate and multivariate analysis. The group with blood flow in the false lumen had a significantly higher mean growth rate (3.3 mm/year) than the group without blood flow (−1.4 mm/year) ( P &lt;0.0001). The growth rate of aortic dissections in thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta were 4.1 and 1.2 mm/year, respectively. There was a significant difference in the growth rate between the 2 groups ( P =0.0003). Conclusion— In type B aortic dissection, the affected aortas have shown a high incidence of enlargement during the follow-up period, and more careful follow-up study is needed for aortic dissections in the thoracic aorta. The presence of blood flow in the false lumen is the most important risk factor for aortic enlargement.
Psychiatric Aspects of Wilson's Disease (Hepatolenticular Degeneration): Results of Psychometric Tests During Long-Term Therapy
Authors: NORMAN P. GOLDSTEIN, JOSEPHINE C. EWERT, RAYMOND V. RANDALL, JOHN B. GROSS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

Thirteen of 22 patients with Wilson's disease had no history or clinical evidence of psychiatric disorder, while nine patients had various psychiatric diagnoses. Five of these improved psychiatrically with dietary and pharmacological treatment for hepatolenticular degeneration. Seventeen patients underwent psychometric testing; 13 were retested at various intervals after the initiation of treatment with a low-copper diet and penicillamine. Except for one patient who was mentally retarded, all patients showed slightly improved performance on intelligence tests after long-term treatment.
Pigmented Ocular Fundus Lesions in the Inherited Gastrointestinal Polyposis Syndromes and in Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Elias I. Traboulsi, Irene H. Maumenee, Anne J. Krush, Francis M. Giardiello, L. Stefan Levin, Stanley R. Hamilton
Journal: Ophthalmology (1988)
Abstract 1097: MicroRNA expression in white blood cells of CML patients: Differential expression in responders and non-responders to imatinib
Authors: Oliver Bruhn, Tobias Diewock, Christiane Pott, Michael Kneba, Ingolf Cascorbi, Sierk Haenisch
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with the BCR/ABL-inhibitor imatinib led to a tremendous progress of over-all survival. However therapy resistance in a significant proportion of patients remains a severe clinical problem. Aside mutations of the BCR/ABL gene, regulation of cellular transporters or downstream factors may contribute to non-response. We aimed to investigate micro-RNA expression profiles in peripheral leukocytes of 21 newly diagnosed CML patients without BCR/ABL-mutations in order to identify biomarkers to treatment-response of imatinib. Methods: Ten responders (molecular remission) and 11 non-responders were included. Expression of 667 microRNAs was analyzed using a TaqMan Low-Density Array system. Relative fold change of microRNAs between groups was calculated according to the 2^-ΔΔCt method. MicroRNAs with a fold change&amp;gt;2 and a P-value&amp;lt;0.01 were considered significant. MicroRNAs with minor expression (Ct-value&amp;gt;20) were not included. Putative targets of dysregulated microRNAs were considered, if predicted by at least three databases, and further analyzed using the DAVID-bioinformatic database. Results: Four microRNAs were significantly deregulated (miR-7, miR-744*, miR-616, miR-212) between responders and non-responders, when being treatment-naïve, predicted to have 97 potential targets. In depth target analysis showed that transcription regulators (21% of the predicted targets) are highly enriched compared to normal gene expression background of humans. Pathway analysis revealed six genes involved in cancer pathways, whereas four of them are directly involved in the chronic myeloid leukemia pathway (SMAD4, NRAS, RB1, RAF1). In responders seven microRNAs were deregulated before and after therapy, whereas five other microRNAs were deregulated within the group of non-responders. Three deregulated microRNAs were identified in both groups. Most predicted target genes are involved in MAPK signaling and exocytosis, 13% of the targets were predicted to be transcription regulators, and 18% cellular (especially uptake) transporters. Conclusion: We identified distinct microRNA pattern comparing blood samples of responders and non-responders prior to imatinib therapy. Predicted target genes were primarily transcription factors and oncogenes. In contrast, transporters and exocytotic pathways are in addition frequent targets of microRNAs deregulated after imatinib therapy. The suitability as biomarkers for prediction of imatinib-response requires further confirmation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1097. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1097
Big food, big pharma: is science for sale?
Authors: E. Loder
Journal: BMJ (2015)

We have grown accustomed to allegations of conflicts of interest, biased research, and manipulative marketing on the part of the drug industry. Valentine’s Day is a good time to spare a thought for the same problems as they involve the sugar industry. In a BMJ investigation this week Jonathan Gornall examines the not so sweet side of what might be called “Big Sugar”: large food companies whose products include sugary foods (doi:10.1136/bmj.h231). Using methods that seem borrowed wholesale from the pharma playbook, they provide consultancies and research support to prominent scientists who also work on nutrition issues for the UK government.

Such strategies mirror those of the drug industry, and the arguments used …
Failure of Aspirin plus Dipyridamole To Prevent Restenosis after Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Laurence A. Harker, Eugene F. Bernstein, Ralph B. Dilley, Terese E. Scala, Michael J. Sise, Robert J. Hye, Shirley M. Otis, Robin S. Roberts, Gent Michael
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To evaluate therapy with aspirin plus dipyridamole in reducing restenosis after carotid endarterectomy. Patients: A total of 163 patients having 175 surgical carotid endarterectomies. Intervention: Eighty-three patients (90 endarterectomies) were randomly assigned to receive oral aspirin, 325 mg, plus dipyridamole, 75 mg, beginning 12 hours preoperatively, followed by a second dose administered within 8 hours after the operation, and given three times daily thereafter for 1 year. Eighty patients (85 endarterectomies) received placebo medication that was identical in appearance to the study drugs. Measurements: After the adequacy of the surgical procedure was confirmed by intraoperative angiography, restenosis at the endarterectomy sites was evaluated using serial duplex ultrasound studies before hospital discharge and at 3-month intervals postoperatively for 1 year. Results: Based on the time for developing identifiable restenosis and on efficacy analysis, > 50% restenosis developed in 11 operated vessels (16%) in the treated group and in 10 arteries (14%) in the placebo group, yielding an observed risk increase of 14% (95% Cl, -52% to 167%; P> 0.2). By intention-to-treat analysis, > 50% restenosis developed in 16 of 90 operated vessels in treated patients and in 10 of 85 arteries in patients receiving placebo (26% for the treated group and 12% for the placebo group; P = 0.18, Mantel-Haenszel statistic), representing an observed risk increase of 110% (Cl, -5% to 365%). Similar differences were observed for > 20% restenosis and for the comparison of patients rather than operated vessels by either intention-to-treat or efficacy analyses. Conclusions: Because therapy not only failed to reduce carotid restenosis but may have actually increased its frequency, treatment with aspirin plus dipyridamole probably has no clinically important benefit on restenosis in patients having carotid endarterectomy.
Delayed afterdepolarizations and triggered activity in ventricular muscle from rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
Authors: C Nordin, E Gilat, R S Aronson
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

Previous studies have shown that myocardium of the diabetic rat has impaired myoplasmic calcium metabolism. Delayed afterdepolarizations and triggered activity are potentiated by conditions believed to increase intracellular calcium concentration therefore, we performed this study to investigate the possibility that myocardium of the diabetic rat is more susceptible than normal tissue to develop afterdepolarizations and triggered activity. We used standard microelectrode techniques to record the electrical activity of papillary muscles from hearts of control rats and rats made diabetic with streptozotocin. We compared the response of control and diabetic preparations to conditions presumed to create progressively more severe degrees of myoplasmic calcium loading, viz. perfusion with solutions containing ouabain (5 X 10(-5) M) and increasing concentrations of calcium (2.4, 4.8, 7.2, and 9.6 mM). Our results showed the following. Ventricular muscle from diabetic rats was more prone than normal myocardium to develop delayed afterdepolarizations and triggered activity under conditions believed to cause myoplasmic calcium overload. The external calcium concentration correlated with the incidence but not the magnitude or coupling interval of the delayed afterdepolarizations in fibers of diabetic rats. The action potentials in fibers of diabetic rats decreased markedly in duration after exposure to ouabain, whereas normal action potentials were not affected significantly; as external calcium was increased with ouabain still present, the action potential duration in diabetic fibers decreased slightly more, whereas the action potential duration in normal fibers did not change significantly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Rituximab maintenance after first-line therapy with rituximab, fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and mitoxantrone (R-FCM) for chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Pau Abrisqueta, Neus Villamor, María José Terol, Eva González-Barca, Marcos González, Christelle Ferrà, Eugenia Abella, Julio Delgado, Jose A. García-Marco, Yolanda González, Felix Carbonell, Secundino Ferrer, Encarna Monzó, Isidro Jarque, Ana Muntañola, Mireia Constants, Lourdes Escoda, Xavier Calvo, Sabela Bobillo, José Bruno Montoro, Emili Montserrat, Francesc Bosch
Journal: Blood (2013)
Glomerulus-specific mRNA transcripts and proteins identified through kidney expressed sequence tag database analysis
Authors: L. He, Y. Sun, J. Patrakka, P. Mostad, J. Norlin, Z. Xiao, J. Andrae, K. Tryggvason, T. Samuelsson, C. Betsholtz, M. Takemoto
Journal: Kidney International (2007)
Infant Feeding Today
Authors: D. Gairdner
Journal: BMJ (1971)

<h3>Objective</h3> To identify patient, family and hospital course characteristics that predict satisfaction with decision-making among families of patients who died in the intensive care unit (ICU). <h3>Methods</h3> A validated questionnaire measuring satisfaction with ICU decision-making was administered at 9 medical centers to family members of all patients who died during their ICU stay or within 24 hours of ICU discharge. A validated summary score for satisfaction with decision-making and scores on two individual items were used as outcomes. Exploratory analyses using Spearman correlation coefficients identified significant predictors of satisfaction with decision making (<i>p</i> &lt; .05). <h3>Results</h3> Analyses were completed for 151 families with returned questionnaires and medical record abstraction data. Satisfaction with decision-making was correlated with older family member age (r = .226), a do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order (r = .203), and spiritual support in the first or last 72 hours (r = .207; r = .173). Feeling supported in the decision-making process was associated with a DNR order (r = .220), terminal discontinuation of mechanical ventilation (r = .187), patient/family desire to withdraw support in the last 72 hours (r = .214), having health insurance (r = .164), and dying without life support (r = .195). Feeling control over patient care was associated with increased patient age (r = .165), terminal discontinuation of mechanical ventilation (r = .224), patient/family desire to withdraw support in the first or last 72 hours (r = .205; r = .181), spiritual support in the last 72 hours (r = .194) and dying without life support (r = .177). <h3>Conclusions</h3> When patients die in the ICU, family satisfaction with decision-making is positively associated with implementation of a DNR order, spiritual support, and the decision to withdraw life support. Focusing on these aspects of care may improve family satisfaction when patients die in the ICU.
Prolonged postprandial responses of lipids and apolipoproteins in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins of individuals expressing an apolipoprotein epsilon 4 allele.
Authors: N Bergeron, R J Havel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The postprandial responses of apo B48, B100, E and lipids in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) to a meal containing one-third of daily energy (39% fat calories) were compared in normolipidemic young men with apo E3/3 and apo E4/3 phenotypes. After the two groups consumed a diet rich in polyunsaturated fat for 15-29 d, their postabsorptive concentrations of TRL triglycerides, apo B48, and apo B100 were virtually identical, but their postprandial responses differed. In both groups, TRL apo B48 increased at 3 h but returned to postabsorptive values at 6 h only in the apo E3/3 group; in the apo E4/3 group the concentration of apo B48 at 6 h was 80% higher than postabsorptive values. TRL apo B100 also increased at 3 h in the two groups and fell to post-absorptive values at 6 h in the apo E3/3 group but remained 51% higher than postabsorptive concentrations in the apo E4/3 group; this response was closely coupled to that of TRL cholesterol and apo E. These observations suggest that clearance of intestinal and hepatogenous TRL remnants is impaired in young men with an apo E4/3 phenotype.
Stromal cells modulate TCL1 expression, interacting AP-1 components and TCL1-targeting micro-RNAs in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: M Sivina, E Hartmann, E Vasyutina, J M Boucas, A Breuer, M J Keating, W G Wierda, A Rosenwald, M Herling, J A Burger
Journal: Leukemia (2012)