tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Factors that modify the flow response to intracoronary injections.
Authors: H Emanuelsson, S Holmberg, K Selin, J Wallin
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Coronary sinus flow (CSF) was measured in seven patients with normal coronary arteries (group A) during intracoronary injections of 6 ml arterial blood, 6 ml blood from the coronary sinus, 3 and 6 ml isotonic saline, 3 and 6 ml hypertonic glucose, and 6 ml of a contrast agent (sodium metrizoate). In 10 patients with coronary artery disease (group B), CSF was measured after administration of 6 ml isotonic saline, 6 ml sodium metrizoate, and 6 ml of another contrast medium (iohexol). In group A, arterial blood did not affect CSF, while coronary sinus blood induced a 33% increase. After 6 ml isotonic saline, there was a 35% increase in flow and after hypertonic glucose an increase of 70%. Metrizoate induced a rise in flow of 109%. In group B, the increase in CSF after intracoronary injection of saline, metrizoate, and iohexol was 30%, 83%, and 67%, respectively. Blood from the coronary sinus, in contrast to arterial blood, induced a marked rise in peak flow, suggesting a role for reactive hyperemia secondary to myocardial hypoxia in this response. A similar mechanism might have been operative after injection of isotonic saline, as well as after the hyperosmolar contrast agents. However, additional mechanisms mediated by the high osmotic pressure of these substances, such as induction of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex, which will induce coronary vasodilation, may have played a role. Finally, when hyperosmolar agents are used, the possibility of some direct vasodilating properties of the agents cannot be excluded.
Status Asthmaticus Treated by Hypnosis
Authors: A. Fry
Journal: BMJ (1961)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>INTRODUCTION</h3> This study employed an integrative system and causal inference approach to explore molecular signatures in blood and CSF, the Amyloid/Tau/Neurodegeneration [AT(N)] framework, MCI conversion to AD, and genetic risk for AD. <h3>METHODS</h3> Using the EMIF-AD MBD cohort, we measured 696 proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (n=371), 4001 proteins in plasma (n=972), 611 metabolites in plasma (n=696) and genotyped data in whole-blood (7,778,465 autosomal SNPs, n=936). We investigated associations: molecular modules to AT(N), module hubs with AD Polygenic Risk scores and <i>APOE</i>4 genotypes, molecular hubs to MCI conversion and probed for causality with AD using Mendelian Randomization (MR). <h3>RESULTS</h3> AT(N) framework associated key hubs were mostly proteins and few lipids. In MR analyses, Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 7 showed weak causal associations with AD, and AD was causally associated with Reticulocalbin 2 and sphingomyelins. <h3>DISCUSSION</h3> This study reveals multi-omics networks associated with AT(N) and MCI conversion and highlights AD causal candidates.
Increasing HDL Cholesterol Levels
Authors: H. Bryan Brewer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

In the past decade, high-density lipoproteins (HDL) have emerged as a new potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. The key role of HDL as a carrier of excess cellular cholesterol in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway is believed to provide protection against atherosclerosis. In reverse cholesterol transport, peripheral tissues (e.g., vessel-wall macrophages) remove their excess cholesterol through the ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1) to poorly lipidated apolipoprotein A-I, forming pre-β-HDL. Lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase then esterifies free cholesterol to cholesteryl esters, converting pre-β-HDL to mature spherical α-HDL (see Figure).HDL cholesterol is transported to the liver by two pathways: . . .
Stress and Genital Herpes Recurrences in Women
Authors: Micheal Rein
Journal: JAMA (2000)

BackgroundResults of several studies suggest that psychological stress and negative mood can trigger genital herpes recurrences, but results are inconsistent.ObjectiveTo determine whether short-term or persistent psychological stress or specific negative moods are predictive of genital herpes recurrences in women.MethodsA prospective cohort study followed up participants for 6 months using weekly assessments of stress and mood, monthly assessments of life change events, and diary reports of genital herpes recurrences confirmed by medical examination when feasible. The community sample consisted of 58 women, aged 20 to 44 years, with a 1- to 10-year history of visible genital herpes recurrence and at least 1 recurrence in the previous 6 months.ResultsPersistent stress predicted recurrence in the subsequent week (odds ratio, 1.08 per unit increase in stress; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.15; P = 03. After adjusting for recurrence in the previous week, the more weekly persistent stress reported, the greater the likelihood of recurrence the following week. Also, an increased recurrence rate occurred after the month during which participants experienced their highest levels of anxiety (P = 03). There were no significant associations between recurrence and short-term stress, life events, depressive mood, anger, or phase of menstrual cycle.ConclusionsPersistent stressors and highest level of anxiety predicted genital herpes recurrence, whereas transient mood states, short-term stressors, and life change events did not. Women with herpes can be reassured that short-term stressful life experiences and dysphoric mood states do not put them at risk for increased outbreaks of recurrent genital herpes.
IMPACT OF POLYVASCULAR DISEASE ON LONG-TERM MORTALITY IN OLDER PATIENTS WITH NON-ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Sumeet Subherwal, Shuang Li, Manesh R. Patel, Deepak L. Bhatt, Tracy Y. Wang, Karen P. Alexander, E. Magnus Ohman, W. Brian Gibler, Eric D. Peterson, Matthew T. Roe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Functional Impairment of von Willebrand Factor in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Relation to Rest and Exercise Obstruction”
Authors: Thierry Le Tourneau, Alain Millaire, Frederic Mouquet, Pierre-Vladimir Ennezat, André Vincentelli, Nicolas Lamblin, Pascal de Groote, Eric Van Belle, Christophe Bauters, Sylvestre Maréchaux, Anne-Sophie Polge, Ghislaine Deklunder, Sophie Susen, Claudine Caron, Jenny Goudemand, Brigitte Jude
Journal: Circulation (2009)
Molecular Phylogeny of Osteoglossoids: A New Model for Gondwanian Origin and Plate Tectonic Transportation of the Asian Arowana
Authors: Yoshinori Kumazawa, Mutsumi Nishida
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

One of the traditional enigmas in freshwater zoogeography has been the evolutionary origin of Scleropages formosus inhabiting Southeast Asia (the Asian arowana), which is a species threatened with extinction among the highly freshwater-adapted fishes from the order Osteoglossiformes. Dispersalists have hypothesized that it originated from the recent (the Miocene or later) transmarine dispersal of morphologically quite similar Australasian arowanas across Wallace's Line, but this hypothesis has been questioned due to their remarkable adaptation to freshwater. We determined the complete nucleotide sequences of two mitochondrial protein genes from 12 osteoglossiform species, including all members of the suborder Osteoglossoidei, with which robust molecular phylogeny was constructed and divergence times were estimated. In agreement with previous morphology-based phylogenetic studies, our molecular phylogeny suggested that the osteoglossiforms diverged from a basal position of the teleostean lineage, that heterotidines (the Nile arowana and the pirarucu) form a sister group of osteoglossines (arowanas in South America, Australasia, and Southeast Asia), and that the Asian arowana is more closely related to Australasian arowanas than to South American ones. However, molecular distances between the Asian and Australasian arowanas were much larger than expected from the fact that they are classified within the same genus. By using the molecular clock of bony fishes, tested for its good performance for rather deep divergences and calibrated using some reasonable assumptions, the divergence between the Asian and Australasian arowanas was estimated to date back to the early Cretaceous. Based on the molecular and geological evidence, we propose a new model whereby the Asian arowana vicariantly diverged from the Australasian arowanas in the eastern margin of Gondwanaland and migrated into Eurasia on the Indian subcontinent or smaller continental blocks. This study also implicates the relatively long absence of osteoglossiform fossil records from the Mesozoic.
844-3 Preserved radial strain explains normal ejection fraction in cardiac amyloidosis patients with abnormal longitudinal strain
Authors: Karen M Modesto, Angela Dispenzieri, Sanderson Cauduro, Marek Belohlavek, Bijoy Khandheria, Martha Lacy, Robert Kyle, Philip Greipp, Jamil Tajik, Morie Gertz, Theodore Abraham
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Letter by Lucchetti and Granero Regarding Article, “Optimism, Cynical Hostility, and Incident Coronary Heart Disease and Mortality in the Women’s Health Initiative”
Authors: Giancarlo Lucchetti, Alessandra Lamas Granero
Journal: Circulation (2010)

1 "Optimism, Cynical Hostility, and Incident Coronary Heart Disease and Mortality in the Women's Health Initiative" published on August 25, 2009.First, we would like to congratulate the authors for this impressive work and for choosing to analyze some patient personality traits such as optimism and cynical attitudes.Medicine is starting to study the relationship between psychosocio-spiritual aspects and clinical outcomes.This important issue is sometimes neglected by physicians.However, a doubt emerged from this study.According to the authors, optimists (compared with pessimists) were more likely to attend religious services at least once per week, and optimists (versus pessimists) had a lower hazard of coronary heart disease, coronary heart disease-related mortality, and total mortality.If we remember correctly, previous studies concerning religious attendance 2,3 showed an 18% to 22% reduction in mortality for those frequently attending religious services, almost the same result found here.In this study, no concerns are made about religious attendance and mortality relationship.In addition, the multivariable Cox proportionalhazard models were not adjusted for religious attendance.If we assume that patients with higher levels of religiousness have more optimism, this optimism could mediate the relationship with mortality.A clear example was the research carried out by Lutgendorf et al 4 in 2004 in which interleukin-6 mediated the relationship between religious attendance and mortality.In other words, we would like to suggest that the authors analyze in the present study the relationship between religious attendance and mortality and include religious attendance in the multivariate model.
Influence of coronary collateral vessels on myocardial infarct size in humans. Results of phase I thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) trial. The TIMI Investigators.
Authors: G B Habib, J Heibig, S A Forman, B G Brown, R Roberts, M L Terrin, R Bolli
Journal: Circulation (1991)

The influence of coronary collateral vessels on infarct size in humans remains controversial, partly because no previous study has examined the impact of collaterals present at the onset of acute myocardial infarction on infarct size.The present study used the data base of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Phase I trial to correlate the presence or absence of angiographically documented collaterals in the initial hours of myocardial infarct evolution with the size of the infarct as assessed by serial measurements of serum creatine kinase (CK). To avoid the confounding effects of reperfusion on enzymatic estimates of infarct size, this report is limited to those 125 patients who failed to recanalize at 90 minutes after administration of tissue plasminogen activator or streptokinase. Patients with angiographically documented collaterals (group A, n = 51) had significantly lower values of peak serum CK than patients without collaterals (group B, n = 74) (1,877 +/- 216 versus 2,661 +/- 212 IU/l, respectively [mean +/- SEM], p = 0.004). Similarly, CK-derived infarct size estimates were significantly lower in group A than in group B (20.6 +/- 2.5 versus 31.4 +/- 2.8 CK gram equivalents, p = 0.001). The infarct size observed in patients with collaterals was less for anterior infarctions as well as for infarctions of other locations; thus, the beneficial effects of collaterals were independent of the site of the infarct. In 65 of the 125 patients who failed to reperfuse, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was assessed by contrast ventriculography both at initial cardiac catheterization (before thrombolytic therapy) and at hospital discharge. Among the patients who had both studies, global LVEF tended to increase from pretreatment to hospital discharge in group A (from 50.6 +/- 1.8% to 53.4 +/- 1.8%, p = 0.10) but decreased in group B patients (from 50.3 +/- 1.8% to 47.8 +/- 1.7%, p = 0.02). At hospital discharge, global LVEF was greater in patients with coronary collaterals (53.5 +/- 1.7% versus 49.6 +/- 1.7%, p = 0.01).The results demonstrate that, in patients in whom thrombolytic therapy fails to induce reperfusion, the presence of coronary collateral vessels at the onset of myocardial infarction is associated with limitation of infarct size as assessed enzymatically and with improved ventricular function on discharge as assessed by LVEF.
PHYLOGENETIC ORIGINS OF ANTIBODY STRUCTURE
Authors: John J. Marchalonis, Gerald M. Edelman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

The sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, has been found to produce specific antibodies after immunization with bacteriophage f2. Antibody activity is localized in 6.6S and 14S fractions of lamprey serum. The 6.6S antibodies were purified by a combination of zone electrophoresis, ion exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. Antigenic analysis of the 6.6S antibodies showed them to be free of other serum proteins and antigenically similar or identical to the 14S fraction. Evidence has been obtained which suggests that the 6.6S immunoglobulins consist of light components (molecular weight 25,000) and heavy components (molecular weight 70,000). In the immunoglobulin, these polypeptides appear to be linked via weak interactions but not by interchain disulfide bonds. Molecular weight analyses support the view that the chains can undergo concentration-dependent dissociation in aqueous solutions. Amino acid analyses showed that the compositions of the light and heavy components were similar and that aspartic acid or asparagine was the predominant amino terminal residue. Starch gel electrophoresis indicated that the subunits of lamprey antibodies are diffusely heterogeneous. The heavy chain mobility corresponded to that of micro-chains and resembled that of heavy chains of shark and sting ray immunoglobulins. In the course of the fractionation a 46S natural hemagglutinin composed of lower molecular weight subunits was isolated. This hemagglutinin did not resemble the lamprey immunoglobulin although it had a similar zone electrophoretic mobility in the beta-region. These studies are consistent with the hypothesis that micro-chains were the earliest of the heavy chain classes to emerge and further support the view that the multichain structure of immunoglobulins is a fundamental feature of antibody molecules.
G8 increases aid to Africa but moves little on climate change
Authors: Patrick Wintour
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Health expenditure in Africa, especially cash to fight AIDS, malaria, and poliomyelitis, should grow exponentially in the next five years as a result of decisions taken by leaders of the G8 industrial nations at their disrupted summit in Gleneagles, Scotland. The G8 agreed to increase overseas aid by $50bn (£28bn; €41bn) by 2010 compared with 2004, with half the rise dedicated to sub-Saharan Africa.

Tony Blair asked each individual G8 leader to sign as G8 leaders have a long track record of failing to keep their summit commitments. The rotating presidency and lack of permanent G8 bureaucracy allows leaders to escape most come-back.

Mr Blair, helped by the lobbying of pop singers Bono and Bob Geldof in the grounds of the Gleneagles Hotel, spent his limited time at the summit negotiating extra cash injections from the Japanese and the Germans. This ensured that he was able to say he had met the commitment set out in the Commission for Africa report to double aid to Africa by 2010 ( BMJ 2005;330: 622, 19 March).

Many of the development agencies, less enthused …
Abstract 3494: Electromechanically Functional Cardiac Tissue Constructs Engineered From Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Brian Liau, Nicolas Christoforou, Nenad Bursac
Journal: Circulation (2009)

We have previously developed a novel cardiac tissue engineering technique to culture highly dense, aligned, and interconnected neonatal rat myocytes in cell-laden hydrogels with elongated pores. He...
Acute changes in noradrenaline levels do not alter lymphocyte -adrenergic receptor concentrations in man
Authors: J R SOWERS, M CONNELLY-FITTINGHOFF, M L TUCK, J F KRALL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1983)

Physiological means of elevating plasma catecholamines were characterised with respect to their effect on β-adrenergic catecholamine receptors in man. The noradrenaline content of plasma was determined by the single isotope enzyme method on blood samples from which lymphocytes were also isolated by centrifugation on ficol-hypaque density gradients. β-adrenergic catecholamine receptors were quantified by specific binding of (−)-[3H]-dihydroalprenolol to these cells, in which noradrenaline acts by stimulating β-adrenergic receptors. Nine subjects had supine blood pressure measurements and blood samples drawn every 20 min for 24 h for measurement of plasma noradrenaline (NA). Six of these subjects had blood samples collected for measurement of lymphocyte β-adrenergic receptor concentration over a 14 h period (0800 to 2200 h). Mean recumbent plasma NA levels were lowest at 0400 to 0600 h (126 to 150 pg·ml−1), rose sharply prior to awakening and reached peak concentrations at 0800 to 1100 h (280 to 340 pg·ml−1). There was also a rather sharp drop in plasma NA from 1600 h to 2200 h (290 to 210 pg·ml−1). There was an excellent correlation between blood pressure and plasma levels of NA throughout the 24 h of study. Despite periodic circadian changes in plasma NA over the 14 h sampling period (210 to 360 pg·ml−1) β-adrenergic receptor concentration of lymphocytes did not vary. In addition, basal supine NA levels and lymphocyte β-adrenergic receptor concentrations and their response to 2 h upright posture were examined in six normal volunteers. Plasma NA levels were significantly elevated after 10 min, reached peak levels two-fold greater than basal levels at 30 min, and remained elevated throughout 2 h of upright posture. During the 2 h of upright posture, lymphocyte β-adrenergic receptor concentration did not change. These results suggest that acute variations in plasma catecholamines over a physiological range are not associated with changes in receptor number.
Lung Cancer: Current Concepts and Prospects
Authors: J. R. Jett, D. A. Cortese, R. S. Fontana
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1983)

In the United States, lung cancer is now the leading cancer killer among men, and it will soon be the leader among women. Most lung cancers are attributable to cigarette smoking. Symptomatic lung cancer tends to be advanced and unresectable. Chest roentgenography and sputum cytology are the only techniques proved capable of detecting presymptomatic, early-stage disease. Treatment of lung cancer depends primarily on the cell type and the extent of the tumor. Small cell cancer tends to be widespread, and the favored treatment is combination chemotherapy. For non-small cell cancer, the treatment of choice, whenever possible, is surgical resection. Efforts directed toward early detection and treatment have failed to reduce lung cancer mortality substantially. Thus, primary prevention through control of cigarette smoking remains the single most important measure for combating this frustrating disease.
Causes of Delay and Associated Mortality in Patients Transferred With ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Michael D. Miedema, Marc C. Newell, Sue Duval, Ross F. Garberich, Chauncy B. Handran, David M. Larson, Steven Mulder, Yale L. Wang, Daniel L. Lips, Timothy D. Henry
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Regional ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction systems are being developed to improve timely access to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). System delays may diminish the mortality benefit achieved with primary PCI in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction patients, but the specific reasons for and clinical impact of delays in patients transferred for PCI are unknown.This was a prospective, observational study of 2034 patients transferred for primary PCI at a single center as part of a regional ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction system from March 2003 to December 2009. Despite long-distance transfers, 30.4% of patients (n=613) were treated in ≤ 90 minutes and 65.7% (n=1324) were treated in ≤ 120 minutes. Delays occurred most frequently at the referral hospital (64.0%, n=1298), followed by the PCI center (15.7%, n=317) and transport (12.6%, n=255). For the referral hospital, the most common reasons for delay were awaiting transport (26.4%, n=535) and emergency department delays (14.3%, n=289). Diagnostic dilemmas (median, 95.5 minutes; 25th and 75th percentiles, 72-127 minutes) and nondiagnostic initial ECGs (81 minutes; 64-110.5 minutes) led to delays of the greatest magnitude. Delays caused by cardiac arrest and/or cardiogenic shock had the highest in-hospital mortality (30.6%), in contrast with nondiagnostic initial ECGs, which, despite long treatment delays, did not affect mortality (0%). Significant variation in both the magnitude and clinical impact of delays also occurred during the transport and PCI center segments.Treatment delays occur even in efficient systems for ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction care. The clinical impact of specific delays in interhospital transfer for PCI varies according to the cause of the delay.