tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE ALLEGED PERILS OF URIC ACID
Authors: J. B. Berkart
Journal: BMJ (1917)

JOM_ tlhree monthls, by wllich time he will reach Group I, and aftcr going tlhrough the process of hardening will be fit to be transferred to arnmy category A, B, or C.Dr. Lambert considers that the system of convalescent camps and command depots is work'ing very well, that massage is well and intelligently adlmuinistered, and that the system of training by medical gymnasts is preferable to tlle use of Zander or otlher forms of mneclianical apparatus.Finally, it is to be noted that the nunmber of men passed througlh and restored to health is very large; the number undergoing massage, electricity, and special exercise treatment in the command dep6ts at one-date in September was 8,262, and the total number of men who had then passed tlhrouglh the depOts was 127,132.
Endobronchial brachytherapy in the treatment of malignant lung tumours
Authors: J.A. Escobar-Sacristán, J.I. Granda-Orive, T. Gutiérrez Jiménez, J.M. Delgado, A. Rodero Baños, R. Saez Valls
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

A prospective study was made to assess the short-term clinical and endoscopic response to high-dose-rate endobronchial brachytherapy (HDREB) in patients with malignant endobronchial tumours. From July 1995 to May 2000, 288 HDREB sessions were carried out on 81 patients. The mean patient age was 61.57 yrs (range 34-82); males were predominant (87.65%). Tumours were primary in 76 patients (93.82%) and metastatic in five patients (6.18%). The inclusion criteria were malignant endobronchial tumour and either palliative treatment for incurable disease or intent-to-cure treatment for residual malignancy on the bronchial resection surface after surgery or an inoperable tumour. The exclusion criteria were as follows: impediments to catheter placement, expected survival <2 months, Karnofsky index <60, or absence of informed consent. The clinical response of a symptom was categorised as complete (disappearance of the symptom), partial (less than complete) or absent. The endoscopic response was considered to be complete if lesions disappeared and biopsy findings remained negative 1 month after the last radiation session; partial if lesions improved to some extent, but the biopsy findings were positive; and absent if there was no change in relation to baseline. The technique consisted of delivering high-dose irradiation from an Ir192 source to a target volume using one or two endobronchial catheters inserted under optical or video bronchoscopic guidance. Four sessions were scheduled at weekly intervals and 500 cGy was applied per session over a length of 1-9 cm, measured 0.5-1 cm from the centre of the source. In total, 85% of the symptoms analysed (haemoptysis, cough, dyspnoea, expectoration, and stridor) disappeared with HDREB, which was categorised as a complete response. The endoscopic response was complete in 56.79% of patients, partial or less than complete in 40.74% and absent in 2.46%. One major complication occurred (bronchial fistula 1.2%), but no lethal haemoptysis. Minor complications (pneumonitis, bronchospasm and bronchial stenosis) each occurred in one patient (1.2%). High-dose-rate endobronchial brachytherapy is a good palliative treatment for endoluminal lung neoplasms, effectively alleviating symptoms and endoscopic evidence in many cases with an acceptable rate of complications. High-dose-rate endobronchial brachytherapy can be carried out as an intent-to-cure procedure in highly selected cases.
Does This Infant Have Pneumonia?
Authors: Peter Margolis
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Acute lower respiratory tract illness is common among children seen in primary care. We reviewed the accuracy and precision of the clinical examination in detecting pneumonia in children. Although most cases are viral, it is important to identify bacterial pneumonia to provide appropriate therapy. Studies were identified by searching MEDLINE from 1982 to 1995, reviewing reference lists, reviewing a published compendium of studies of the clinical examination, and consulting experts. Observer agreement is good for most signs on the clinical examination. Each study was reviewed by 2 observers and graded for methodologic quality. There is better agreement about signs that can be observed (eg, use of accessory muscles, color, attentiveness; κ, 0.48-0.66) than signs that require auscultation of the chest (eg, adventitious sounds; κ, 0.3). Measurements of the respiratory rate are enhanced by counting for 60 seconds. The best individual finding for ruling out pneumonia is the absence of tachypnea. Chest indrawing, and other signs of increased work of breathing, increases the likelihood of pneumonia. If all clinical signs (respiratory rate, auscultation, and work of breathing) are negative, the chest x-ray findings are unlikely to be positive. Studies are needed to assess the value of clinical findings when they are used together.
Cytotoxic T cell recognition of an endogenous class I HLA peptide presented by a class II HLA molecule.
Authors: B P Chen, A Madrigal, P Parham
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Human leukocytes were stimulated in vitro with peptides corresponding in sequence to the highly variable helix of the alpha 1 domain of various HLA-B and -C molecules. A CD4+ CD8- cytotoxic T cell line, CTL-AV, that is specific for the HLA-B7 peptide presented by HLA-DR11.1 was obtained. The HLA-DR11.2 molecule, which only differs at three residues from HLA-DR11.1, did not present the HLA-B7 peptide to CTL-AV. Peptides from the alpha 1 domain helix of other HLA-A and HLA-B molecules, but not HLA-C molecules, competed with the HLA-B7 peptide for binding to HLA-DR11.1. A cell line (WT50) that coexpresses HLA-B7 and HLA-DR11.1 was killed by CTL-AV in the absence of any added HLA-B7 peptide. The processing and presentation of HLA-B7 in these cells appears to be through the endogenous, and not the exogenous, pathway of antigen presentation. Thus, Brefeldin A inhibits presentation and chloroquine does not. Furthermore, introduction of purified HLA-B7 molecules into HLA-DR11.1+, HLA-B7- cells by cytoplasmic loading via osmotic lysis of pinosomes, but not by simple incubation, rendered them susceptible to CTL-AV killing. These results provide an example of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) presentation of a constitutively synthesized self protein that uses the endogenous pathway of antigen presentation. They also emphasize the capacity for presentation of MHC peptides by MHC molecules.
Retrospective Observational Assessment Of Nasal Polyposis In Asthmatic Patients Treated With Omalizumab
Authors: Ana Antón-Laiseca, Silvia Martínez Blanco, Gabriel González Salazar, Maria Carmen Diéguez Pastor, Ruth Mielgo Ballesteros, Consuelo Fernández Rodríguez
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Abstract 3366: An inhibitor of the NF-kappaB pathway targets cancer stem cells and prevents tumor recurrence
Authors: Azucena Gomez-Cabrero, Debbie Liao, Giang Nguyen, Ralph Reisfeld
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Multidrug resistance and tumor recurrence are two of the major challenges in cancer treatment. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), found in most solid tumor types, have been proposed as the root cause of cancer growth and recurrence. These CSCs share similarities with normal Stem Cells, such as “stemness” gene profile expression, overexpression of Sox2, Nanog and Oct4, as well as ability to grow in spheres and to repopulate tumors. Additionally, CSCs also have a high resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, probably due to their dormancy and overexpression of ABC transporters. Since CSCs markers are highly variable between cell lines and tumor samples, we used a functional assay to select a drug candidate targeting CSCs, based on their capability to efflux dyes such as Hoechst 33324 by a side population (SP). This drug decreased SP and spheres formation in vitro, and reduced protein expression of CSC genes such as Sox2, Nanog, Survivin and Oct4. Another serious limitation of cancer chemotherapy is its toxic side effect due to poor targeting to the tumor and its microenvironment (TME). To address this issue, we developed targeted nanoparticles (tNP) to deliver chemotherapeutic drugs specifically to tumor cells and their TME, resulting in substantially reduced systemic toxicity, as well as eradication of tumors and prevention of their recurrence in a preclinical setting. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3366. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3366
Choosing anticancer drug targets in the postgenomic era
Authors: William G. Kaelin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

The human genome project will be completed in the early part of the next decade.For example, most of the approximately 10 5 human mRNAs have already been at least partially cloned and sequenced as cDNAs.These cDNAs, when completed, will provide valuable tools for studying the protein products of their respective mRNAs.The challenge in the postgenomic era will be to apply advances in molecular oncology to select from among this diverse set of proteins the most suitable candidates for anti-cancer drug discovery programs.Here, I outline some considerations that may be helpful in choosing rational drug targets for cancer therapy.
WORK OF THE CHILDREN'S BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AFFAIRS, AMERICAN RED CROSS, FRANCE
Authors: WILLIAM PALMER LUCAS
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The Children's Bureau, American Red Cross, started its activities last July with eleven members. At the present time the bureau comprises more than 400 members, and is doing children's work and also a good deal of medical work for women throughout the whole of France. Our first assignment was to take charge of the Childrens' Colony and to develop the hospital near Toul. In this army sector all children under 7 had been ordered back for a distance of 10 kilometers from the front, because of the gas bombing, children under 7 being unable to wear gas masks satisfactorily. Dr. Julius P. Sedgwick of Minneapolis was in charge of the early development of this work, and installed a colony of more than 500 mothers and children in the governmental military cantonment turned over to us for this purpose. Dr. Sedgwick also started a hospital for children, which has since been
Stem Cells Increase in Numbers in Perinecrotic Areas in Human Renal Cancer
Authors: Mariana Varna, Guillaume Gapihan, Jean-Paul Feugeas, Philippe Ratajczak, Sophie Tan, Irmine Ferreira, Christophe Leboeuf, Niclas Setterblad, Arnaud Duval, Jérôme Verine, Stéphane Germain, Pierre Mongiat-Artus, Anne Janin, Guilhem Bousquet
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Developing strategies to overcome resistance to sunitinib is a major challenge in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We hypothesized that sunitinib-induced tumor necrosis-associated hypoxia could interact with renal cancer stem cells in patients with metastatic RCC.We studied tissue samples from 7 patients with primary metastatic RCC, before and after sunitinib treatment, and from six xenograft models derived from human RCC. Two xenograft models were responders to sunitinib, the four others were nonresponders. CD133/CXCR4-coexpressing cells derived from the two responder xenograft models were used for in vitro studies.In the seven primary RCCs, we identified a significantly larger number of CD133/CXCR4-coexpressing cells in perinecrotic versus perivascular areas. Their numbers also significantly increased after treatment, in perinecrotic areas. We reproduced these clinical and pathologic results in all six RCC xenograft models with again a preferential perinecrotic distribution of CD133-expressing cells. Necrosis occurred at day 7 in the two responder models treated with sunitinib, whereas it occurred at day 21 in the untreated controls and in the four nonresponder models. Strikingly, when we studied the six RCC xenograft models at the time necrosis, whether spontaneous or sunitinib-induced, occurred, necrosis area correlated with stem-cell number in all 120 xenografted RCCs. When studied under experimental hypoxia, the number of CD133/CXCR4-coexpressing cells and their tumorigenic potency increased whereas their sensitivity to sunitinib decreased.In human RCC, sunitinib was able to generate resistance to its own therapeutic effect via induced hypoxia in perinecrotic areas where cancer stem cells were found in increased numbers.
Reversal of IFN‐γ, oxLDL and prolactin serum levels correlate with clinical improvement in patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy
Authors: Olaf Forster, Denise Hilfiker‐Kleiner, Aftab A. Ansari, J. Bruce Sundstrom, Elena Libhaber, Winnie Tshani, Anthony Becker, Anthony Yip, Gunnar Klein, Karen Sliwa
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2008)
The General Essentials of Accredited Residencies in Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Steven E. Liston
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The Resident Physicians Section (RPS) of the American Medical Association addressed many issues in 1981. However, a major portion of its efforts were focused on one issue, the first complete revision of the<i>General Essentials of Accredited Residencies in Graduate Medical Education</i>since 1955. (This is the first section of the<i>Essentials of Accredited Residencies in Graduate Medical Education</i>, which also includes the special requirements for each specialty.) This document had last been amended in 1974 and has been under revision by the new Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) for the past six years. The need for a revision of the<i>General Essentials</i>was based on two factors: (1) a new body for accreditation of residency training programs, the ACGME, had been created, and (2) the old<i>General Essentials</i>, amended several times since the mid-1950s, when they were originally initiated by the AMA Council on Medical Education, needed
Factory's loss of licence halves supply of flu vaccine to US
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

US health officials are having to cope with the loss of half of this season's expected supply of flu vaccine, after last week's decision by the UK Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency to temporarily shut down the Liverpool factory of one of the world's largest vaccine manufacturers.

The agency revoked the manufacturing licence of Chiron Corporation's factory for three months pending further investigation, after an inspection of the plant raised concerns over possible contamination. The agency gave no details, but in August Chiron acknowledged that some four million doses of its Fluvirin flu vaccine were potentially contaminated with Serratia marcescens , a bacterium …
Abstract LB-7: The high-risk subject screening of ESCC by iTRAQ-coupled 2D LC-MS/MS.
Authors: Xiu-Min Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in China and the prognosis is very poor, the 5-year survival rate for ESCC at late stage is only about 15%. The molecular mechanism of poor prognosis is not clear. This study was to determine the changes of proteins associated with poor survival using protein profiling, Five ml of peripheral blood was taken from each ESCC patient. All the patients were followed up for more than 5 years. Based on the survival time, the patients were divided into three groups, i.e. ≤3 years (n=10), 3-5 years (n=10) and ≥5 years (n=10). Serum protein profiles for different groups were determined by the iTRAQ-coupled LC-MS/MS technique. We found that overall, 3987 different peptide spectra were identified, of which 556 were non-redundant proteins. Interestingly, 54 proteins showed over-expressed, and Carbonic anhydrase 1&amp;2;Angiotensinogen; Collectin-10; 22kDa protein were associated with poor prognosis; 50 proteins were down-expressed in ESCC, and Alpha-2-macroglobulin; Apolipoprotein D; Isoform 14 of Fibronectin; V2-7 protein; Adiponectin; Transthyretin were associated with poor prognosis. Of the identified proteins, some (such as alpha-2-macroglobulin; apolipoprotein D; angiotensinogen; carbonic anhydrase 1 &amp;2) have been reported to be related with metastasis and recurrence of the tumor. Further verification to these proteins may shed light on identifying novel candidate protein biomarkers for high-risk subject screening for ESCC and for prediction of poor prognosis. Citation Format: Xiu-Min Li. The high-risk subject screening of ESCC by iTRAQ-coupled 2D LC-MS/MS. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-7. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-7
Effect of Recent Contrast-Enhanced CT and Patient Age on Image Quality of Thyroid Scintigraphy
Authors: Trine Borup Andersen, Ramune Aleksyniene, Lars Christian Gormsen, Lars Jødal, Lars J. Petersen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

When thyroid scintigraphy (TS) is performed after contrast-enhanced CT (CE-CT), tracer uptake of 99mTcO4 in the thyroid gland can be inhibited by free iodide. Currently, it is recommended to postpone TS until 4 to 8 weeks after CE-CT, but few data exist to support this recommendation. The purpose was to investigate the effect of CE-CT and other variables for the diagnostic quality of TS.This retrospective study included 196 patients subjected to TS less than 3 months after a CE-CT (median, 66 days). Patients with elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (>4.5 mIU/L) or suspected thyroiditis were excluded. Logistic regression was used to calculate the probability of a TS of diagnostic quality with the variables days since CE-CT, age, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and kidney function (eGFR).Days since CT and age were highly significant (P < 0.001) predictors for diagnostic TS. The probability of diagnostic quality TS after CE-CT increased with time and reached approximately 70% to 80% 6 to 8 weeks after CE-CT. Analysis of age-specific populations showed age to be a strong independent factor.Our findings are in consensus with the currently recommended interval of 6 to 8 weeks between CE-CT and TS. However, our results indicate that patient age should be taken into account, and we suggest the following delay from CE-CT to TS: 4 weeks for patients aged younger than 50 years, 6 weeks for patients aged 50 to 60 years, and 8 weeks for patients aged older than 60 years.
P2-271: Phase II trial of biweekly Gemcitabine and Paclitaxel as second–line chemotherapy for patients with non–small cell lung cancer previously treated with platinum–based chemotherapy
Authors: Takashi Kobayashi, Tomonobu Koizumi, Kazuhisa Urushihata, Hiroshi Yamamoto, Masayuki Hanaoka, Keisaku Fujimoto, Keishi Kubo, Toshiyuki Tsunoda, Seiichiro Eda, Nobumitsu Kobayashi, Yukiko Kusama, Yoshimichi Komatsu, Michiko Ito, Shino Furuya, Shintaro Kanda, Sumiko Yoshikawa, Tsuyoshi Tanabe, Masanori Yasuo
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Distribution of dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2) in the liver and portal lymph nodes of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis: An immunohistochemical study
Authors: Ruth Joplin, J. Gordon Lindsay, Stefan G. Hubscher, Gerald D. Johnson, Jean C. Shaw, Alastair J. Strain, James M. Neuberger
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

The reason for the close association between primary biliary cirrhosis and the appearance of antibodies that recognize the E2 component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is not understood. The distribution of the three pyruvate dehydrogenase complex subunits was examined in the liver and lymph nodes of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, patients with other liver diseases and normal subjects by immunohistochemistry using affinity-purified antibodies. Intensity of staining was assessed semiquantitatively and validated by scanning laser confocal microscopy. In primary biliary cirrhosis tissue, the E2 staining pattern did not parallel the reported distribution of mitochondria. E2 staining in biliary epithelial cells was consistently stronger than in hepatocytes. In primary biliary cirrhotic liver, staining of biliary epithelium was significantly stronger than in normal or other liver disease controls; many bile ducts in primary biliary cirrhotic liver demonstrated very high intensity, diffuse distribution of stain. No differences in staining intensity were seen between perivenular hepatocytes in primary biliary cirrhotic liver and those in controls; periportal hepatocytes in primary biliary cirrhotic liver were, however, more intensely stained than perivenular cells. In primary biliary cirrhotic portal lymph nodes, a subset of macrophages showed high-intensity, diffuse distribution of stain. By contrast, staining with antibodies to E1 and E3 (other components of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex) produced uniform-intensity, mitochondrial distribution both in primary biliary cirrhosis and control tissue. The increased intensity of E2 in primary biliary cirrhotic tissue could be explained in terms of abnormal metabolism of E2 by biliary epithelial cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
587. Artificial Viral-Like Gene Delivery System Multifunctional Envelope-type Nano Device Equipped with Transferrin and a pH-Sensitive Fusogenic Peptide
Authors: Shinji Chaki, Kentaro Sasaki, Kentaro Kogure, Hirofumi Hamada, Masaharu Ueno, Shiroh Futaki, Hideyoshi Harashima
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

In the non-viral gene delivery system, plasma membrane is one of the barriers inhibited efficient gene expression. Previously, we developed a viral-like delivery system, transferrin-modified liposomes (Tf-L) equipped with pH-sensitive fusogenic peptide GALA (WEAALAEALAEALAEHLAEALAEALEALAA). Tf-L encapsulating aqueous marker rhodamine were internalized via Tf receptor-mediated endocytosis into human leukemia cells K562. The efficient release of rhodamine into the cytosol was induced by not addition of a free GALA to Tf-L-containing medium but equipment of Tf-L with cholesterylated GALA (Chol-GALA). Thus, GALA must be present on the surface of liposomes to exert its function.
MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM AND TURKISH BATHS
Authors: C. G. CROWLEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1929)

Journal Article MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM AND TURKISH BATHS Get access C. G. CROWLEY, M.A., M.B., B.S. C. G. CROWLEY, M.A., M.B., B.S. Late Dermatologist, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 41, Issue 5, 1 May 1929, Pages 192–193, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1929.tb09336.x Published: 01 May 1929