tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Multimodality measurements of small airways disease
Authors: G. G. King, C. M. Salome
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

Small airways disease has long been recognised as being physiologically important in obstructive lung diseases, particularly in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 1. The study of Cosio et al. 2, in which the severity of small airway inflammation and remodelling in smokers correlated with airway closure and ventilation maldistribution, as measured by single breath washout tests, is a landmark one because it linked small airways tests with pathology. Furthermore, these parameters of small airway function were more sensitive than spirometry for the presence of small airways disease. Results of more recent studies, in which small airway function was measured by the newer multiple breath nitrogen washout, showed that small airway function becomes abnormal after only 10 pack-yrs smoking, whereas spirometry becomes abnormal after 20 pack-yrs 3. In asthma, however, the function of the small airways has been studied much less, perhaps due to the paucity of resected lung specimens on which correlations can be made between measurements of small airway function and pathology. The disease-related changes to the structural components of the airways in asthma involve both small and large airways 4. These pathological changes, often referred to as remodelling, lead to thickening of the walls of the small airways. This is a feature that seems particularly characteristic of asthma as opposed to COPD 5.

There is now an increasing body of evidence suggesting that small airways disease in asthma has important clinical consequences, to which the study by Zeidler et al. 6, in this issue of the European Respiratory Journal , makes an important contribution. In the study by Zeidler et al. 6, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) …
Aflatoxin Exposure May Contribute to Chronic Hepatomegaly in Kenyan School Children
Authors: Yun Yun Gong, Shona Wilson, Joseph K. Mwatha, Michael N. Routledge, Jovita M. Castelino, Bin Zhao, Gachuhi Kimani, H. Curtis Kariuki, Birgitte J. Vennervald, David W. Dunne, Christopher P. Wild
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Background: Presentation with a firm type of chronic hepatomegaly of multifactorial etiology is common among school-age children in sub-Saharan Africa.Objective: Aflatoxin is a liver toxin and carcinogen contaminating staple maize food. In this study we examined its role in chronic hepatomegaly.Methods: Plasma samples collected in 2002 and again in 2004 from 218 children attending two schools in neighboring villages were assayed for aflatoxin exposure using the aflatoxin-albumin adduct (AF-alb) biomarker. Data were previously examined for associations among hepatomegaly, malaria, and schistosomiasis.Results: AF-alb levels were high in children from both schools, but the geometric mean (95% confidence interval) in year 2002 was significantly higher in Matangini [206.5 (175.5, 243.0) pg/mg albumin] than in Yumbuni [73.2 (61.6, 87.0) pg/mg; p < 0.001]. AF-alb levels also were higher in children with firm hepatomegaly [176.6 (129.6, 240.7) pg/mg] than in normal children [79.9 (49.6, 128.7) pg/mg; p = 0.029]. After adjusting for Schistosoma mansoni and Plasmodium infection, we estimated a significant 43% increase in the prevalence of hepatomegaly/hepatosplenomegaly for every natural-log-unit increase in AF-alb. In 2004, AF-alb levels were markedly higher than in 2002 [539.7 (463.3, 628.7) vs. 114.5 (99.7, 131.4) pg/mg; p < 0.001] but with no significant difference between the villages or between hepatomegaly and normal groups [539.7 (436.7, 666.9) vs. 512.6 (297.3, 883.8) pg/mg], possibly because acute exposures during an aflatoxicosis outbreak in 2004 may have masked any potential underlying relationship.Conclusions: Exposure to aflatoxin was associated with childhood chronic hepatomegaly in 2002. These preliminary data suggest an additional health risk that may be related to aflatoxin exposure in children, a hypothesis that merits further testing.
Pelvic Fluid at Ovulation
Authors: M. J. Bennett
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor:—  The report by Hann et al (241:2731, 1979) regarding the estimation by ultrasound of the volume of free fluid in the pelvis at the time of ovulation does not agree with data that we have been collecting laparoscopically.  A variable quantity of fluid was found in the pouch of Douglas (culde-sac) in every one of 20 unselected, consecutive laparoscopies we performed. The indications for laparoscopy were sterilization (12), infertility (five), pelvic pain (two), and a suspected pelvic mass (one). The fluid was aspirated on each occasion, although in one case, technical problems with the laparoscope permitted only a few drops to be removed. Patient positioning and the laparoscopic technique were the same in each case. The fluid was aspirated by an operating laparoscope immediately after insertion to try to eliminate blood contamination from instrumentation. None of the patients had laparoscopic evidence of active inflammatory disease, endometriosis, or
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF CUTANIOUS VIRAL INFECTIONS
Authors: HARYEY BLANK, CHARLES DAVIS, CAROL COLLINS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

SUMMARY.— The characteristic fine structure of the viruses which infect the skin is demonstrated by several methods of specimen preparation. The older methods of negative staining with phosphotungstate and of fixation of fresh tissue with osmium followed by thin sectioning are compared with a new method of electron microscopy of old tissue sections originally prepared for light microscopy.



By using the appropriate technique, a clinical diagnosis can be confirmed in an electron microscopy laboratory using either vesicle fluid, fresh tissue, crusts, or even old formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, stained histological sections. Representative electron micrographs of the pox viruses: molluscum contagiosum, vaccinia, smallpox, milkers' nodules; of herpes simplex; of human papilloma; and of the possible virus of lupus erythematosus are presented.
High prevalence of BRAF V600E mutations in Erdheim-Chester disease but not in other non-Langerhans cell histiocytoses
Authors: Julien Haroche, Frédéric Charlotte, Laurent Arnaud, Andreas von Deimling, Zofia Hélias-Rodzewicz, Baptiste Hervier, Fleur Cohen-Aubart, David Launay, Annette Lesot, Karima Mokhtari, Danielle Canioni, Louise Galmiche, Christian Rose, Marc Schmalzing, Sandra Croockewit, Marianne Kambouchner, Marie-Christine Copin, Sylvie Fraitag, Felix Sahm, Nicole Brousse, Zahir Amoura, Jean Donadieu, Jean-François Emile
Journal: Blood (2012)
968 MORBID OBESITY: IMPORTANCE OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND CYTOKINES ON NON ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) AND THEIR BEHABIOUR AFTER WEIGHT LOSS
Authors: J. Leon, A. Gila, J. Casado, A. Carazo, S. Delgado, T. Caballero, A. Palacios, A. García Robles, P. Munoz, A. Ruíz Extremera, J. Salmeron
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Services need to work together to reduce unintentional deaths among children, says NICE
Authors: J. Carlowe
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The highways authority, fire and rescue services, housing, and children’s services need to work together more effectively to reduce child injuries and deaths, recommends guidance from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence.

Mike Kelly, director of the Centre for Public Health Excellence at NICE, said unintentional injuries are a leading cause of death and serious injury in children and young people aged under 15 years, with roughly four children dying each week as a result of such injuries.

He explained that the term “unintentional” had been used deliberately because these incidents were preventable.

“The causes are predictable and it is within our …
Identification of outcome-correlated cytokine clusters in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Xiao-Jie Yan, Igor Dozmorov, Wentian Li, Sophia Yancopoulos, Cristina Sison, Michael Centola, Preetesh Jain, Steven L. Allen, Jonathan E. Kolitz, Kanti R. Rai, Nicholas Chiorazzi, Barbara Sherry
Journal: Blood (2011)
Photosensitivity from nalidixic acid*
Authors: C. A. RAMSAY, E. OBRESHKOVA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Seven patients with a bullous photodermatitis from nalidixic acid are described. Bullae develop characteristically on the dorsal aspects of the feet and on the lower legs, but also elsewhere, in patients taking the drug who are exposed to a high level of ambient sunlight. At times, the clinical picture may be confused with porphyria cutanea tarda. Abnormal reactions to sunlight may continue for several months after the acute stage, whether or not the drug is stopped, but some patients may continue to take the drug if direct sunlight on the skin is avoided. Investigations showed that long wave ultraviolet radiation appears to be responsible for the reaction and it proved possible to induce photosensitivity in three volunteers who took the drug for I week. The Honorary Editors of The Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medians kindly gave permission for details in the abridged version of this paper to be published.
Bronchodilator treatment in asthma.
Authors: R W Fuller, W M Castle, J B Palmer, J R Hall
Journal: BMJ (1993)

400 mg, 800 mg, and 1200 mg groups were 87, 88, and 95, respectively, corresponding to death rates of.54%, 56%, and 61% (p-0-65, log rank test).Ten patients (2%) were lost to follow up.On the basis of this and other randomised dose studies, in which the doses of the drug were 500 mg v 1500 mg' and 600 mg v 1200 mg,3 it may be concluded that to obtain the maximum effect on survival rates the dose of zidovudine need not exceed 400 mg daily.
RUPTURED GASTRIC ULCER IN AN OLD MAN: LAPAROTOMY: RECOVERY
Authors: A. Fullerton, T. S. S. Holmes
Journal: BMJ (1920)

which the lymplhoid tissue becomes softer and larger.The infection spreads to the lymplhatic g!ands, draining the inflamed area, causingJ them to enlarge.In an unicom-nplicated case there is no tendency to suppuration eitlher in the lvmphoid tissue itself or in the lymplhatic glands.Suppuration wlhen it occurs is probably always dne to the implantation of one or more of the common pyogenic organisms on a tissue the normal resistance of wvhichl las been impaired by disease.If so muichl be accepted we may fairly claim that the disease is hlighly infectious, and that clildren suffering from it are "carriers," and therefore a source of danger to others.The treatment required is that of the individual, and preventive treatment.
Ly6/uPAR-Related Protein C4.4A as a Marker of Solid Growth Pattern and Poor Prognosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Benedikte Jacobsen, Thomas Muley, Michael Meister, Hendrik Dienemann, Ib Jarle Christensen, Eric Santoni-Rugiu, Ole Didrik Lærum, Michael Ploug
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Effects of Aging and Cardiac Denervation on Heart Rate Variability During Sleep
Authors: Vincent Crasset, Silvia Mezzetti, Martine Antoine, Paul Linkowski, Jean Paul Degaute, Philippe van de Borne
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Cardiac vagal predominance increases the RR interval and RR high-frequency (HF) variability during non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep (stages I through IV) in young subjects. Aging suppresses deep sleep, but effects of age-related changes in sleep architecture on RR are unknown. Whether mechanical effects of changes in the breathing pattern on the sinus node during sleep affect RR variability is unclear.Polygraphic sleep recordings and RR and RR spectral profiles were determined in 8 young (22.5+/-3.3 years) and 8 older (55.0+/-7.3 years) healthy volunteers. HF oscillations in RR of 8 cardiac-denervated heart transplant recipients determined mechanical effects of respiration on the sinoatrial node during sleep. Transition from wakefulness to non-REM sleep increased the RR interval in young and older subjects and increased the HF variability of RR in the young (P:<0.05) but not in the older subjects. Older subjects disclosed a faster RR (P:<0.01) and a lower HF variability (P:<0.05) during non-REM sleep than the young subjects. Aging did not affect light and REM sleep but decreased deep sleep (stage IV) from 39+/-23 to 6+/-6 minutes (P:<0.001). Reduction in sleep stage IV with aging blunted the increase in RR and in RR HF variability during non-REM sleep (r>0.55, P:<0.05). Transition from wakefulness to non-REM sleep doubled the markedly reduced HF variability of RR in the heart transplant recipients (P:<0.05).Disappearance of deep sleep with aging impairs nocturnal increase in cardiac vagal activity. Mechanical effects of changes in breathing pattern during sleep favor increases in HF oscillations of the RR interval during non-REM sleep.
Role of Infection in Cot Deaths
Authors: J. M. Johnstone, H. S. Lawy
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Cot deaths are estimated to account for over 20% of the mortality in the age group concerned, more than 1,400 such fatalities having occurred in England and Wales in 1955 (Banks, 1958). The infants are found unexpectedly dead in the cot, having been placed there, generally the previous night, either well or suffering from an apparently trivial upset that usually had given no cause for alarm to the parents or to the medical attendant.
NORMAL DATA BASE OF SPECT Tc99m-HMPAO BRAIN PERFUSION AND Xe-133 rCBF IN CHILDREN, YOUNG ADULTS AND ELDERLY
Authors: F Mena, I Mena, F Alamos, C Sole, S Neubauer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Division of Nuclear Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance CA and Clinica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
A persistent and selective activation of Syk or ZAP-70 kinase precedes a Th1 or Th2 on-switch
Authors: J. Tan, A. Liu, H.H. Jacobi, C. Glue, A. Millner, H.O. Madsen, L.P. Ryder, A. Svejgaard, J.N. Larsen, P.A. Wurtzen, P.S. Skov, H. Malling, M. Spangfort, L.K. Poulsen
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Arterial Wall Mechanics in Conscious Dogs
Authors: Ricardo Luis Armentano, Juan Gabriel Barra, Jaime Levenson, Alain Simon, Ricardo Horacio Pichel
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

To evaluate arterial physiopathology, complete arterial wall mechanical characterization is necessary. This study presents a model for determining the elastic response of elastin (sigma E, where sigma is stress), collagen (sigma C), and smooth muscle (sigma SM) fibers and viscous (sigma eta) and inertial (sigma M) aortic wall behaviors. Our work assumes that the total stress developed by the wall to resist stretching is governed by the elastic modulus of elastin fibers (EE), the elastic modulus of collagen (EC) affected by the fraction of collagen fibers (fC) recruited to support wall stress, and the elastic modulus of the maximally contracted vascular smooth muscle (ESM) affected by an activation function (fA). We constructed the constitutive equation of the aortic wall on the basis of three different hookean materials and two nonlinear functions, fA and fC: sigma = sigma E + sigma C + sigma SM + sigma eta + sigma M = EE. (epsilon - epsilon 0E) + EC.fC.epsilon + ESM.fA.epsilon + eta. [equation: see text] + M.[equation: see text] where epsilon is strain and epsilon 0E is strain at zero stress. Stress-strain relations in the control state and during activation of smooth muscle (phenylephrine, 5 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 IV) were obtained by transient occlusions of the descending aorta and the inferior vena cava in 15 conscious dogs by using descending thoracic aortic pressure (microtransducer) and diameter (sonomicrometry) measurements. The fC was not linear with strain, and at the onset of significant collagen participation in the elastic response (break point of the stress-strain relation), 6.02 +/- 2.6% collagen fibers were recruited at 23% of stretching of the unstressed diameter. The fA exhibited a skewed unimodal curve with a maximum level of activation at 28.3 +/- 7.9% of stretching. The aortic wall dynamic behavior was modified by activation increasing viscous (eta) and inertial (M) moduli from the control to active state (viscous, 3.8 +/- 1.3 x 10(4) to 7.8 +/- 1.1 x 10(4) dyne.s.cm-2, P < .0005; inertial, 61 +/- 42 to 91 +/- 23 dyne.s2.cm-2, P < .05). Finally, the purely elastic stress-strain relation was assessed by subtracting the viscous and inertial behaviors.
FTC Urged to Reduce Marketing of Unhealthy Foods to Kids
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Reducing the marketing of unhealthy foods and beverages to children should be a top priority of the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), a group of congressional Democrats wrote in a September 3 letter to FTC chairwoman Edith Ramirez (http://1.usa.gov/Wf7JMB).
Peroral Direct Cholangioscopy (PDCS) Using Routine Straight-view Endoscope: First Report
Authors: Y. Urakami, E. Seifert, H. Butke
Journal: Endoscopy (1977)

A new endoscopic method, the peroral direct cholangioscopy (PDCS) is described. A prograde fiberscope of 8.8 mm diameter can be directly inserted, without using a second scope as a guide, into the biliary system after EPT (endoscopic papillotomy). The lumen of the common bile duct is observed entirely and exactly. The image is excellent. Also accessories may be inserted into the duct via the biopsy channel under direct control.
Biodegradable Photo‐Crosslinked Polymer Substrates with Concentric Microgrooves for Regulating MC3T3‐E1 Cell Behavior
Authors: Kan Wang, Lei Cai, Li Zhang, Jingyan Dong, Shanfeng Wang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Both intrinsic material properties and topographical features are critical in influencing cell-biomaterial interactions. We present a systematic investigation of regulating mouse pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cell behavior on biodegradable polymer substrates with distinct mechanical properties and concentric microgrooves. The precursors for fabricating substrates used here were two poly(ϵ-caprolactone) triacrylates (PCLTAs) synthesized from poly(ϵ-caprolactone) triols with molecular weights of ∼7000 and ∼10000 g mol(-1) . These two PCLTAs were photo-crosslinked into PCL networks with distinct thermal, rheological, and mechanical properties at physiological temperature because of their different crystallinities and melting temperatures. Microgrooved substrates with four groove widths of 7.5, 16.1, 44.2, and 91.2 μm and three groove depths of 0.2, 1, and 10 μm were prepared through replica molding, i.e., photo-crosslinking PCLTA on micro-fabricated silicon wafers with pre-designed concentric groove patterns. MC3T3-E1 cell attachment and proliferation could be better supported by the stiffer substrates while not significantly influenced by the microgrooves. Microgroove dimensions could regulate MC3T3-E1 cell alignment, nuclear shape and distribution, mineralization, and gene expression. Among the microgrooves with a fixed depth of 10 μm, the smallest width of 7.5 μm could align and elongate the cytoskeleton and nuclei most efficiently. Strikingly, higher mineral deposition and upregulation of osteocalcin gene expression were found in the narrower microgrooves when the groove depth was 10 μm.
The functional affinity of IgM rheumatoid factor is related to the disease duration in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: A Saraux, B Bendaoud, M Dueymes, P Le Goff, P Youinou
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1997)

To determine the relevance of the functional affinity of IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) to the clinical and serological characteristics of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.The functional affinity of IgM RF of 57 seropositive rheumatoid arthritis patients was evaluated by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay based on the use of a chaotropic agent. The inhibition index was taken as an estimate of functional affinity. The patient group was divided into high functional affinity subgroup 1 (functional affinity < 0.5, n = 37) and low functional affinity subgroup 2 (functional affinity > 0.5, n = 20). The medical records of all patients were reviewed with a particular note of the disease activity and the articular damage score.The disease duration was shorter (P < 0.01) in subgroup 1 patients [7.9 (SD 6.4) years] than in subgroup 2 patients [13.4 (11.29) years], so that Ritchie's, Lee's, and Steinbrocker's indices were lower in the former than in the latter (P < 0.01, 0.001, and 0.01, respectively). In contrast, erythrocyte sedimentation rates, C reactive protein concentrations, antinuclear antibody, and HLA DR4 prevalences were similar in the two subgroups.Different forms of RF are present during progression of the disease.
Serum hepcidin: reference ranges and biochemical correlates in the general population
Authors: Tessel E. Galesloot, Sita H. Vermeulen, Anneke J. Geurts-Moespot, Siem M. Klaver, Joyce J. Kroot, Dorlene van Tienoven, Jack F. M. Wetzels, Lambertus A. L. M. Kiemeney, Fred C. Sweep, Martin den Heijer, Dorine W. Swinkels
Journal: Blood (2011)
Annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma: sparing of a burn scar and successful treatment with chloroquine
Authors: None ÖZKAYA-BAYAZIT, None BÜYÜKBABANİ, None BAYKAL, None ÖZTÜRK, None OKÇU, None SOYER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma is a rare granulomatous skin disease characterized by phagocytosis of elastic fibres by multinucleated giant cells. Lesions are either solitary or grouped in a few annular patches with elevated borders and central atrophy. Sun-exposed areas are more commonly involved than covered skin. The pathogenesis of the disease is still controversial. We report a 72-year-old fair-skinned woman with unusual clinical findings. An irregularly shaped erythematous plaque covered the entire face, and hundreds of lichenoid papules were present on both sun-exposed and covered areas which gradually evolved into annular lesions of about 0.5-1 cm in diameter. Sparing of an old burn scar and a nearly complete lack of elastic fibres in the scar site were noted, illustrating the presumed importance of dermal elastic tissue in the pathogenesis. The course of the disease is chronic. Several treatments have been tried, with variable success. In our patient, improvement was achieved with chloroquine over a period of 16 weeks.