tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Shear-Induced Platelet Aggregation in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Shinya Goto, Hiroyuki Sakai, Mami Goto, Miyuki Ono, Yasuo Ikeda, Shunnosuke Handa, Zaverio M. Ruggeri
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Experiments under controlled flow conditions indicate that the binding of von Willebrand factor (vWF) to platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ibα and integrin α IIb β 3 (GP IIb/IIIa complex) is crucial for aggregation at elevated shear rates. We have tested how the plasma of patients with acute myocardial infarction affects this process. Methods and Results —Citrated plasma was obtained from 18 patients with acute myocardial infarction within 6 hours from the onset of symptoms and from 26 control subjects with chest pain syndrome without evidence of ischemia. Aggregation of normal platelets at high shear rates was significantly greater in the presence of patient than control plasma and was inhibited by both anti-GP Ibα and anti-α IIb β 3 monoclonal antibodies. The observed values (mean±SD) were 47.6±17.8% versus 30.1±9.9% at 10 800 s −1 ( P &lt;0.01) and 32.9±14.1% versus 17.5±9.5% at 7200 s −1 ( P &lt;0.01), respectively, and were positively correlated with plasma vWF antigen levels and ristocetin cofactor activities. In contrast, at the lower shear rate of 1200 s −1 , aggregation was similar in the presence of control or patient plasma and was not inhibited by the anti-GP Ibα antibody. Both vWF antigen and platelet aggregation decreased 2 weeks after the onset of myocardial infarction. Conclusions —Shear-induced platelet aggregation is enhanced in plasma in the presence of acute myocardial infarction, apparently as a result of increased vWF concentration. This may contribute to the onset of acute coronary artery thrombosis and early reocclusion after reperfusion treatment.
New funds for Huntington's disease research
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1980)

In the 13 years since folk singer and composer Woody Guthrie died of Huntington's disease, it has become apparent that this hereditary neuromuscular disorder is not so rare as once supposed. Now, in addition to ongoing research, the US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) is adding two new research programs on this disease and similar disorders. The new funds, totaling $5.1 million, are an answer to one recommendation of the Commission for the Control of Huntington's Disease and Its Consequences, which made a report to Congress in October 1977. The money will be administered in the form of grants from the DHHS' National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke (NINCDS), Bethesda, Md. Donald B. Tower, MD, institute director, says the grants will provide a "center-without-walls" approach consisting of investigators engaged in basic or clinical research in different departments of a university or at different universities and
Haploinsufficiency for AAGAB causes clinically heterogeneous forms of punctate palmoplantar keratoderma
Authors: Elizabeth Pohler, Ons Mamai, Jennifer Hirst, Mozheh Zamiri, Helen Horn, Toshifumi Nomura, Alan D Irvine, Benvon Moran, Neil J Wilson, Frances J D Smith, Christabelle S M Goh, Aileen Sandilands, Christian Cole, Geoffrey J Barton, Alan T Evans, Hiroshi Shimizu, Masashi Akiyama, Mitsuhiro Suehiro, Izumi Konohana, Mohammad Shboul, Sebastien Teissier, Lobna Boussofara, Mohamed Denguezli, Ali Saad, Moez Gribaa, Patricia J Dopping-Hepenstal, John A McGrath, Sara J Brown, David R Goudie, Bruno Reversade, Colin S Munro, W H Irwin McLean
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
PAPILLOMA OF THE SOLE.
Authors: DOUGLASS W. MONTGOMERY
Journal: JAMA (1903)

A wart is usually an insignificant affection, but when it grows in a confined space, as under the hard, thick covering of the sole, it may cause so much discomfort, it may be so persistent and so refractory to treatment and develop such an ugly appearance as even to simulate malignant disease. It is not a frequent affection, as I have in my private practice seen only seven cases of it in about five thousand cases of diseases of the skin. In a careful search of the literature of diseases of the skin, mention has been found of only sixteen cases. But I have reason to believe that neither of my own private histories nor the literature give a true indication of the real frequency of the affection. People afflicted usually consult chiropodists and, after being treated, or maltreated, the wart disappears, either as a consequence of treatment or spontaneously.
Scintigraphic Dissociation of Reticuloendothelial and Hepatocyte Function in Chronic Vitamin A Hepatotoxicity
Authors: HEE-MYUNG PARK, ROBERT RANSBURG, CRAIG ROTH, JAMES MEADOWS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

A discordant hepatic uptake between Tc-99m sulfur colloid and Ga-67 citrate has occurred in an adult patient with hepatotoxicity due to hypervitaminosis A. The authors believe this is a scintigraphic phenomenon related to the characteristics of the radiopharmaceuticals used and does not necessarily represent a true dissociation of various cellular functions of the liver.
Effect of<i>VKORC1</i>Haplotypes on Transcriptional Regulation and Warfarin Dose
Authors: Mark J. Rieder, Alexander P. Reiner, Brian F. Gage, Deborah A. Nickerson, Charles S. Eby, Howard L. McLeod, David K. Blough, Kenneth E. Thummel, David L. Veenstra, Allan E. Rettie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

The management of warfarin therapy is complicated by a wide variation among patients in drug response. Variants in the gene encoding vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1 (VKORC1) may affect the response to warfarin.We conducted a retrospective study of European-American patients receiving long-term warfarin maintenance therapy. Multiple linear-regression analysis was used to determine the effect of VKORC1 haplotypes on the warfarin dose. We determined VKORC1 haplotype frequencies in African-American, European-American, and Asian-American populations and VKORC1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in human liver samples.We identified 10 common noncoding VKORC1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and inferred five major haplotypes. We identified a low-dose haplotype group (A) and a high-dose haplotype group (B). The mean (+/-SE) maintenance dose of warfarin differed significantly among the three haplotype group combinations, at 2.7+/-0.2 mg per day for A/A, 4.9+/-0.2 mg per day for A/B, and 6.2+/-0.3 mg per day for B/B (P<0.001). VKORC1 haplotype groups A and B explained approximately 25 percent of the variance in dose. Asian Americans had a higher proportion of group A haplotypes and African Americans a higher proportion of group B haplotypes. VKORC1 mRNA levels varied according to the haplotype combination.VKORC1 haplotypes can be used to stratify patients into low-, intermediate-, and high-dose warfarin groups and may explain differences in dose requirements among patients of different ancestries. The molecular mechanism of this warfarin dose response appears to be regulated at the transcriptional level.
Lack of evidence for the participation of tonin in the pathogenesis of one-kidney, one-clip renovascular hypertension.
Authors: S Seto, S F Rabito, A G Scicli, O A Carretero
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

It has been reported that immunization against tonin normalizes blood pressure, and that sialoadenectomy, during which the tonin-rich salivary glands are removed, decreases blood pressure in one-kidney, one-clip hypertension. To investigate the role of tonin on this form of hypertension further, we actively immunized one-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rabbits with tonin and measured both the blood pressure response and the titer of antibodies raised against tonin. In addition, because sialoadenectomy may alter food intake, we assessed the effect of sialoadenectomy on the blood pressure of one-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats fed a liquid diet to facilitate eating. After immunization, all rabbits developed antitonin-antibody titers ranging from 1:300 to 1:56,000. However, in none of the rabbits did the blood pressure decrease significantly (114 +/- 3 mm Hg before immunization; 129 +/- 6 mm Hg at 16 weeks after immunization). In one-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats, sialoadenectomy did not lower blood pressure (179 +/- 5 mm Hg before sialoadenectomy; 202 +/- 9 mm Hg 3 weeks after sialoadenectomy). Neither blood pressure nor body weight differed between sialoadenectomy and sham-sialoadenectomy one-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats (n = 6). In conclusion, neither active immunization against tonin in one-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rabbits nor sialoadenectomy in one-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats significantly reduced established hypertension. These results do not support the hypothesis that tonin is involved in the pathogenesis of one-kidney, one-clip hypertension in these animal models.
THE USE OF FERROUS GLUCONATE IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPOCHROMIC ANEMIA
Authors: Paul Reznikoff, Walther F. Goebel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1937)

Although hypochromic anemia due to iron defi- ciency is universally treated with iron medication, there is not as much unanimity with respect to the particular type of iron compound to be used.The following postulates, however, are accepted: The dosage must be adequate to insure a reasonably rapid increase of hemoglobin, the iron compound, in the dosage given,'must be tolerated by the pa- tient without undue distress, and the cost of medication must be within the financial means of the patient.Many individuals receiving iron complain of such symptoms as nausea, epigastric discomfort, diarrhea or constipation.Some physicians hesi- tate to subject their patients to possible upset in cases of gastric or duodenal ulcer, colitis, and diarrhea or constipation.It was thought desir- able, therefore, to prepare an iron compound which might have minimum irritating effects.One of the characteristics of ferric compounds is their ability to precipitate proteins.Most ferrous compounds are oxidized readily to the ferric state.This precipitating effect on proteins might explain the irritating action of iron compounds on the gastro-intestinal tract of some patients.Ferrous gluconate, prepared anaerobically, was found to have no precipitating action on proteins even when converted into the ferric state.It was decided, therefore, to treat patients with this compound to determine not only its efficacy but also its toxicity compared to medications now in common use.As a further test of its lack of toxic effects, solutions of ferrous gluconate were administered in- tramuscularly in quantities containing as much as 50 mgm. of iron, with no systemic disturbances and rarely with local discomfort.The method of preparing this substance and its use in treating hypochromic anemia in rats have been described previously (1).Recently we have been able to simplify the method based upon a report of Neiger and Neuschul (2).These investigators, studying the photochemical reactions of ferrous gluconate, prepared dilute solutions of this salt by boiling aqueous gluconic acid with iron filings.Al-
Determination of released CD4 and CD8 antigens in the suction-blister fluid and horny-tissue extract in patients with psoriasis
Authors: H. TAKEMATSU, H. TAGAMI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

The amounts of soluble CD4 and CD8 antigens were measured in suction‐blister fluid and extracts of horny tissue in patients with psoriasis. The levels of soluble CD4 and CD8 in the suction‐blister fluid of lesional skin in psoriasis was significantly higher than from normal skin and the uninvolved skin in psoriasis. Levels of soluble CD4 and CD8 in the extracts of horny tissue in psoriasis were significantly higher than those from non‐psoriatic skin.
Effect of Managed Care on Cardiovascular Specialists: Involvement, Attitudes and Practice Adaptations
Authors: Anthony N. DeMaria, Thomas H. Lee, Donald F. Leon, Daniel J. Ullyot, Michael J. Wolk, Penny S. Mills, Sharon C. Fay, Joshua H. Brown, Claudia N. Flatau, David P. Bodycombe
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)

This study was undertaken to determine the extent to which cardiovascular specialists are involved with and affected by managed care and to ascertain their attitudes toward it. This survey also served as the follow-up to an initial study on the subject performed by the American College of Cardiology in 1993. The initial 1993 study was performed to address the lack of any comprehensive examination of the impact of managed care on cardiovascular specialists. In 1995, to reexplore this question and follow up the 1993 findings, the College conducted a survey of its membership in the following areas: 1) physician relationship with managed care plans; 2) number of managed care contracts; 3) breakdown of revenue by payment source; 4) changes in practice in response to managed care; and 5) physician attitudes toward managed care. To the extent feasible, the 1995 questionnaire paralleled the 1993 instrument to facilitate comparisons. A questionnaire was mailed to 5,147 practicing College members in the United States, who were categorized by specialty as pediatric cardiologists, adult cardiologists or cardiovascular surgeons. Mailings were sent to 1) all pediatric cardiologists and cardiovascular surgeons; 2) randomly selected adult cardiologists practicing in 10 states with high managed care penetration; and 3) randomly selected adult cardiologists in the nine U.S. census areas who were not practicing in the 10 states with high managed care penetration. Usable surveys were returned by 1,236 respondents, for an overall response rate of 24%. Involvement with at least one type of managed care organization was reported by 89% of respondents, up from 76% in 1993. Although managed care relationships had increased across physician age, region, practice and specialty, respondents indicated that, on average, well below 50% of their practice revenues stem from managed care contracts. To adapt to the managed care environment, strategic practice changes, such as joining a cardiovascular network, implementing continuous quality improvement systems and adopting clinical pathways, were being instituted by most respondent practices of nine or more physicians. Smaller groups were less active. Most respondents involved with managed care disliked its effects, particularly in clinical matters. Their attitudes toward the assumption of risk, managed fee-for-service arrangements and a private versus single-payer system show that there is no uniformity of opinion regarding the best means to contain costs and promote efficiency. Managed care has become an established part of cardiovascular specialist practice in the United States. Although this trend is viewed with some disfavor, most respondents are making practice changes to adapt to this new environment.
How's Her Appetite?
Authors: Irwin M. Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1981)

I said, "How's her appetite? Is she getting enough to eat?" He said, "I think so, Doctor. Of course, I soften all her food. But she even has a hard time handling mashed things. She can't hardly swallow anything but liquids now." She didn't say anything. She couldn't. She just started to weep. I said, "There, there, don't cry. It'll be all right" (which was a lie). He said, "She's having more trouble breathing now. She sometimes gasps." I said, "You must see that she uses the oxygen mask when this happens. It's not an uncommon occurrence in patients with her disease." She was sobbing harder and harder, and her head fell to one side and she started to drool. He carefully folded a white handkerchief under her chin to catch the spittle. Then he said, "I think she needs something to support her head now, Doctor. She's so weak
Impact of a Rural High Blood Pressure Control Program on Hypertension Control and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality
Authors: Jane Morley Kotchen
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Kentucky is a predominantly rural state with relatively high death rates from hypertension and cardiovascular disease. We report the results of a community-based high blood pressure control educational program undertaken in two rural counties of southeastern Kentucky. In the intervention counties, systolic and diastolic blood pressures of both men and women decreased despite the five-year increase in age; moreover, hypertension was better controlled after the program, and substantial decreases in deaths due to cardiovascular disease were seen. These differences were greater among men in the two regions than among women. The results of this program suggest that, in sparsely populated rural areas, existing resources and programs can be successfully utilized in a communitywide cardiovascular disease risk reduction educational program. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;255:2177-2182)
Long-term results of salvage endoscopic mucosal resection in patients with local failure after definitive chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: T. Yano, M. Muto, S. Hattori, K. Minashi, M. Onozawa, K. Nihei, S. Ishikura, A. Ohtsu, S. Yoshida
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Local failure after definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with esophageal cancer remains one of the major problems in finding a cure. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is one treatment option when failure lesions are superficial. However, there are no relevant long-term survival data. The aim of this study was to clarify the long-term survival of salvage EMR.Between January 1998 and March 2004, 289 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were treated with definitive CRT at the National Cancer Center Hospital East, Japan. Of these 289 patients, 21 patients with local failure without lymph-node or distant metastases were treated with salvage EMR. The technique of salvage EMR involved a strip biopsy method. We retrospectively analyzed the long-term survival data for the patients who underwent salvage EMR.At a median follow-up period of 54 months (range, 16-108 months), eight of 21 patients (38%) were alive with no recurrence and two patients had died from another disease but with no recurrence of esophageal cancer. Local recurrence after EMR was detected in four patients, with local and lymph-node recurrence in two patients, and lymph-node and/or distant metastases in five patients. The 5-year survival rate from the initiation of salvage EMR was 49.1%. There were no severe complications associated with EMR.EMR is one of the curative salvage treatment options for local failure after definitive CRT, if the failure lesion is superficial and there are no lymph-node or distant metastases.
Plasma Vitamin D Concentration Influences Survival Outcome After a Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Lina Zgaga, Evropi Theodoratou, Susan M. Farrington, Farhat V.N. Din, Li Yin Ooi, Dominik Glodzik, Susan Johnston, Albert Tenesa, Harry Campbell, Malcolm G. Dunlop
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

We investigated whether the plasma level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) after a diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) influences survival outcome.We prospectively studied 1,598 patients with stage I to III CRC. We sought association between plasma 25-OHD and stage-specific survival and tested for interaction between 25-OHD level and variation at the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene locus. Blood was sampled postoperatively, and plasma was assayed for 25-OHD by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. VDR polymorphisms (rs1544410, rs10735810, rs7975232, rs11568820) were genotyped, and haplotypes were inferred by using BEAGLE software. We tested for association between survival and 25-OHD, VDR genotype/haplotype, and after applying a VDR genotype-25-OHD interaction term. We conducted Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs).We found strong associations between plasma 25-OHD concentration and CRC-specific (P = .008) and all-cause mortality (P = .003). Adjusted HRs were 0.68 (95% CI, 0.50 to 0.90) and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.55 to 0.89), respectively (highest v lowest 25-OHD tertile), particularly in stage II disease (HR, 0.44; P = .004 for CRC-specific mortality). We detected gene-environment interactions between 25-OHD concentration and rs11568820 genotype for CRC-specific (P = .008) and all-cause (P = .022) mortality, number of protective alleles (P = .004 and P = .018, respectively), and GAGC haplotype at the VDR locus for all-cause mortality (P = .008).In patients with stage I to III CRC, postoperative plasma vitamin D is associated with clinically important differences in survival outcome, higher levels being associated with better outcome. We observed interactions between 25-OHD level and VDR genotype, suggesting a causal relationship between vitamin D and survival. The influence of vitamin D supplementation on CRC outcome will require further investigation.
Assessment of changes in lentigo maligna during radiotherapy by<i>in-vivo</i>reflectance confocal microscopy: a pilot study
Authors: E. Richtig, E. Arzberger, R. Hofmann-Wellenhof, R. Fink-Puches
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Radiotherapy is an effective treatment for therapy of lentigo maligna (LM).To investigate the usefulness of in-vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) in radiotherapy of LM and document the changes within the lesions during treatment.A total of six lesions in six patients were investigated by RCM before, during and after radiotherapy. For diagnostic assessment three observers with experience in RCM diagnosis, blinded as to the stage of treatment, assessed the RCM images of each lesion and documented the findings by consensus.Epidermal disarray worsened in three patients during radiotherapy and superficial necrosis was observed in four patients. Large pagetoid round/dendritic cells decreased or even vanished during or after radiotherapy. Dilated vessels and apoptotic cells were seen in all patients during radiotherapy as well as an increase of inflammatory cells in the epidermis and dermis in most of the patients. Dendritic cells with small dendrites were observed during radiotherapy in all patients with an increase in number in three patients. Melanophages appeared in five patients at least once during the examination period. All RCM images were assessed correctly by the three observers.Reflectance confocal microscopy is a useful method to visualize changes during and after radiotherapy and might also be used for early detection of potential treatment failures. In addition, it might be helpful in planning radiotherapy.
Landmark perspective: The iron lung. First practical means of respiratory support
Authors: P. A. Drinker
Journal: JAMA (1986)

IT IS almost hard to recall now the enormous concern inspired by polio only a few decades ago. The most feared outcome of this disease was paralysis of the respiratory muscles that rapidly led to death from anoxia. Polio in the 1920s affected mostly children. It was geographically a very spotty disease, confined to a few blocks and then skipping large areas only to show up in clusters in other parts of town. Epidemics occurred every two or three years, and the percentage of "bulbar" polio varied from one epidemic to another but usually was low. True bulbar polio affected the brain stem and primarily the ability to swallow. These patients usually drowned in their own secretions but often could breathe well. However, patients who had "anterior" polio involving the cervical and thoracic spinal cord were unable to breathe at all. For the disease to be really serious, the spinal