tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Angiopoietin-1 Inhibits Irradiation- and Mannitol-Induced Apoptosis in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Hee Jin Kwak, Song Jae Lee, Yeun-Hee Lee, Chul Hee Ryu, Keum Nim Koh, Ha Young Choi, Gou Young Koh
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) is a vasculogenic factor that signals through the endothelial cell-specific Tie2 receptor tyrosine kinase. We recently reported that Ang1 prevented apoptosis induced by serum deprivation in endothelial cells. In this study, we examined whether Ang1 prevents apoptosis in endothelial cells treated with irradiation or clinical concentrations of mannitol.++Ang1 prevented irradiation- and mannitol-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. Pretreatment with soluble Tie2 receptor, but not Tie1 receptor, blocked the antiapoptotic effect of Ang1. Two phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3-kinase)-specific inhibitors, wortmannin and LY294002, blocked the Ang1-induced antiapoptotic effect. The antiapoptotic potency of Ang1 was similar to or greater than that of vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and endothelin-1. Ang1 also prevented apoptosis in cultured endothelial cells from porcine pulmonary and coronary arteries and in endothelial cells of explanted rat aorta.Ang1 promotes the survival of endothelial cells in irradiation- and mannitol-induced apoptosis through Tie2 receptor binding and PI3-kinase activation. Pretreatment with Ang1 could be beneficial in maintaining normal endothelial cell integrity during intracoronary irradiation or systemic mannitol therapy.
Local and controlled release of growth factors (combination of IGF-I and TGF-beta I, and BMP-2 alone) from a polylactide coating of titanium implants does not lead to ectopic bone formation in sheep muscle
Authors: B. Wildemann, F. Kandziora, G. Krummrey, N. Palasdies, N.P. Haas, M. Raschke, G. Schmidmaier
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2004)
Copy number abnormalities, MYC activity, and the genetic fingerprint of normal B cells mechanistically define the microRNA profile of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Cheng Li, Sang-Woo Kim, Deepak Rai, Aswani R. Bolla, Siddharth Adhvaryu, Marsha C. Kinney, Ryan S. Robetorye, Ricardo C. T. Aguiar
Journal: Blood (2009)
The US Global Health Initiative
Authors: Eran Bendavid, Grant Miller
Journal: JAMA (2010)

The US approach to global health is changing in ways that present an enormous opportunity to understand the link between foreign assistance and health. In May, 2009, the Obama Administration unveiled a 6-year $63 billion Global Health Initiative,1 increasing its commitment to supporting health care in the world’s poorest countries during tight budgetary times. The Initiative aims to consolidate many of the existing programs in an effort to improve coordination of the current structure that uses multiple government agencies and programs. The core principles reveal several departures from the past decade’s approaches that include implementing new women- and girl-centered approaches; strengthening health systems; increasing support to multilateral organizations such as the GAVI Alliance (formerly The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation) and the Global Fund; and encouraging country ownership of health care plans.2
Yoga for rehabilitation in chronic pancreatitis
Authors: S Sareen
Journal: Gut (2006)

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of yoga in management of pain in patients with chronic pancreatitis. Thirty patients with chronic pancreatitis who were experiencing difficulties with pain, anxiety, and weight loss underwent a 12 week yoga programme. Twenty four patients completed the programme and comparison of the pain, weight, diet, and pain medication before and after the yoga programme was done. Findings suggest that yoga is effective in decreasing self perceptions of pain and anxiety in this population and reducing their usage of pain medication. Patients also had significant improvement in their diet and gained weight. Limitations of the study and recommendations for future research and practice are discussed.

The pain that develops in chronic pancreatitis can be severe, chronic, often aggravated by meals, and may be present continuously, including at night. At our centre, we offer a comprehensive approach to pain from pancreatic …
Abstract 5150: Oncogene amplification in glioblastomas associates specifically with the increased expression of multiple glycolytic mediators
Authors: Marie E. Beckner, Jeffrey A. Kant, Ian F. Pollack, Mary L. Nordberg, Ronald L. Hamilton
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Although aberrant enhancement of glycolytic potential is a defining attribute of malignancy, the underlying mechanisms are complex and difficult to ascertain. A network of contributing factors is suspected to permit multiple inputs and redundancy. In this study, 79 oncogenes in glioblastomas were examined by multiplex ligation-dependent amplification (MLPA) for copy number changes to test for associations with real-time quantitative PCR expression levels of genes encoding lactate dehydrogenases (LDHA, LDHC), ATP citrate lyase (ACLY), glycogen synthase (GYS1), carbonic anhydrases (CA3, CA12), a monocarboxylate transporter (SLC16A3), hypoxia inducible factor-1A (HIF1A), and growth factors (VEGFA, PDGFA, &amp; EGF). All were normalized to housekeeping genes and then adjusted to the level of glycolysis by division with concurrent expression of (ENO1) that encodes enolase, a key glycolytic enzyme. Tumors were separated into two groups by a cut-off of 1.10 times ENO1 to define increased and non-increased gene expression relative to glycolysis. Except for CA12 (increased in almost all tumors), expression levels yielded two groups to quantify differences in regard to the percent of tumors with amplified oncogenes. Copy numbers of oncogenes determined by MLPA to be at least 3-fold greater than normal brain DNA (tested concurrently) defined increased levels of amplification for each gene. Of the 17 amplified oncogenes (0-6 per tumor), EGFR was most frequent (11/22 tumors). The greatest difference (52%, p = 0.01) occurred between increased versus non-increased LDHC groups for tumors with amplified oncogenes. The table lists differences for each gene. Thus, amplified oncogenes associate specifically with enhanced expression levels of genes for glycolytic mediators in glioblastomas. Identification of the amplified oncogenes (EGFR &amp;/or others) in individual tumors provides potential targets for down-regulating aberrant glycolysis in brain tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5150. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5150
Distinct Epigenetic Signatures Delineate Transcriptional Programs during Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cell Differentiation
Authors: Brendan E Russ, Moshe Olshanksy, Heather S Smallwood, Jasmine Li, Alice E Denton, Julia E Prier, Angus T Stock, Hayley A Croom, Jolie G Cullen, Michelle L T Nguyen, Stephanie Rowe, Matthew R Olson, David B Finkelstein, Anne Kelso, Paul G Thomas, Terry P Speed, Sudha Rao, Stephen J Turner
Journal: Immunity (2014)
Diverticular Disease of the Colon
Authors: M. Prince Brigham
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<i>Diverticular Disease of the Colon</i>is another good, informative book in the series of monographs published by Saunders. It details the problems of diagnosis and treatment associated with the surgical management of diverticular disease of the colon. In the preface Dr. Colcock points out that everyone may not agree with what he says but that his opinion is a distillate of many years of experience. Hopefully these experiences can be transmitted in some degree to the less experienced surgeon. Because of the personal style in which the book is written, certain aspects of the author's philosophy of surgery are expressed which extend its value beyond a mere compendium of experience. The text is well organized and readable, the illustrations clear and adequate. The bibliography, while deliberately not exhaustive, is selective. The manner of expression is clear. The reasons for the use of a particular technique in a particular situation (and
The Human Toxicity of Certain Trace Elements
Authors: DONALD B. LOURIA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

A review of the medical toxicology of cadmium, cobalt, selenium, arsenic, nickel, copper, manganese, tellurium, vanadium, molybdenum, zinc, and tin; emphasis is on industrial sources of intoxication, clinical manifestations, and uncertain relations of these metals in the pathogenesis of some relatively prevalent diseases.
Cystic fibrosis linked to chloride ions' inability to cross certain cells
Authors: Joan Arehart-Treichel
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Nearly half a century after its first description, cystic fibrosis has been linked with a physiological defect. The discovery, from two groups of American scientists, was reported at the Ninth International Cystic Fibrosis Congress, held in Brighton, England. Whether the physiological defect is the product of the abnormal gene that causes cystic fibrosis remains to be determined. Nonetheless, the discovery of the defect might lead to an effective treatment or even a cure for cystic fibrosis, desperately needed since cystic fibrosis is the most common lethal genetic disease among white persons. Cystic fibrosis has traditionally been thought of as a disease of the exocrine glands, especially of the submucosal glands bordering the airways, of the sweat glands, and of the pancreas, because the major pathological characteristics, such as the formation of excessively thick mucus that is poorly cleared from the airways, the abnormal chemical composition of perspiration, and pancreatic enzyme
Hyperthyroidism during Pregnancy
Authors: Howard L. Bleich, Emily S. Boro, Gerard N. Burrow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

DIAGNOSIS and treatment of hyperthyroidism are especially difficult when the patient is pregnant. The euthyroid pregnant woman may display "classic" clinical features of hyperthyroidism, and the diagnosis may be further complicated by tests that indicate altered thyroid function. When hyperthyroidism is diagnosed, any therapeutic maneuver must take the fetus into account.Studies of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy have focused on several questions. Is thyroid function increased in the normal pregnant woman? Does thyroid hormone cross the placenta in important amounts? Should the pregnant woman with hyperthyroidism be treated medically or surgically? Is intellectual development normal in the offspring of women treated . . .
Notes of Thirty-One Cases of Suprapubic Operation
Authors: H. Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1889)

HAVING been engaged in assisting Sir Henry Thompson in com- pleting the histories of all the cases in which he has operated on the bladder for calculus and for tumour up to the end of 1888, upwards of 1,000 in number, I have with his assent made a brief outline, comprising all the operations performed above the pubes in these circumstances by themselves.I may add that at four of the latter cases I have been present.They are thirty-one in number, and include two performed by the old method, as generally adopted before the modification sug- gested by Garson, and carried out so successfully by Petersen, of Kiel.This latter operation Sir Henry Thompson introduced here, and first performed in this country, being Case I, second series.There are twenty-nine cases of the new operation; eleven of these were for tumour of the bladder, and eighteen for calculus, includ- ing one remarkable case' associated with calculus.The chief points attended to in this operation were, to com- mence with a fully, yet prudently-distended rectum, followed by a fair distension of the bladder; a sparing use of the knife, so that a ligature was very rarely necessary; the opening of the bladder by a small incision sufficient to admit the finger, but enabling further enlargement to be made by dilatation only, since after this the opening contracts, and stitching is not necessary, and moreover appears to be generally not advisable.TWO CASES OF SUPRtAPUBIC OPERATION BY THE OLD METHOD.CASE I.-E.F., aged 13, sent by Mr. Mason, of Burton-on-Trent, for admission to University College Hospital.1865, January.-Shestated she had passed a stout hairpin into the bladder; much pain followed; attempts in the country to remove it were unsuccessfal.Under chloroform examined the bladder; the pin was embedded firmly, and no traction short of violence would remove it.The bladder was opened above the pubes upon a sound and the pin withdrawn.She made an excellent recovery in about a month's time, and was on the point of leaving, when she was suddenly attacked by severe pain and rikor, and died in two days.The autopsy showed that an abscess had formed in the track of the apparently healed wound, and had burst into the peritoneal cavity.CASE II.-Capt.H., aged 58, 1877.A large uric acid calculus Temoved.Mr. Teale, of Leeds, present.The patient had been the, subject of complete paraplegia for years, and on this account could not be placed in the position for lateral lithotomy.All the urine had, during that period, been drawn by catheter.A difficult operation from the presence of a long false passage.He sank exhausted ten days afterwards.
Safety and efficacy of rectal compared with intramuscular quinine for the early treatment of moderately severe malaria in children: randomised clinical trial
Authors: Hubert Barennes, Tatiana Balima-Koussoubé, Nicolas Nagot, Jean-Christophe Charpentier, Eric Pussard
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To compare the safety and efficacy of quinine given by the rectal route with quinine given by the intramuscular route in children with moderately severe <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> malaria. <b>Design</b> Randomised, open, clinical trial. <b>Setting</b> Health centre in Burkina Faso. <b>Participants</b> 898 children with moderately severe <i>P falciparum</i> malaria who were unable to take oral treatment. <b>Intervention</b> Rectal quinine (20 mg/kg diluted to 30 mg/ml in water solution) or intramuscular quinine (12.5 mg/kg) every 12 hours until oral quinine could be taken. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Primary safety outcome was the presence of blood in stools and secondary safety outcome was diarrhoea. Primary efficacy outcome was early treatment failure and secondary efficacy outcomes were late clinical and parasitological failures, fever clearance time, and time to oral intake. <b>Results</b> Blood in stools and diarrhoea were more common in children given quinine by the rectal route than by the intramuscular route (blood in stools: 5% <i>v</i> 1%, absolute difference 3.9%, 95% confidence interval 1.8% to 6.1%; diarrhoea: 5% <i>v</i> 1%, 3.5%, 1.3% to 5.7%). On anoscopy, inflammatory lesions (9/248, 3%) were associated with bloody striations in stools. Side effects of rectal quinine were rare and transitory. Local pain (90%), inflammation (79%), and transient impairment of mobility (15%) were observed with intramuscular quinine. Early treatment failure was higher in the rectal group (6% <i>v</i> 3%, absolute difference 3.0%, 95% confidence interval 0.2% to 5.9%). All except two children in each group had negative blood slide results at day 5. Fever recurrence at day 7 was higher in the intramuscular group (37/375 <i>v</i> 18/395, absolute difference 5.3%, 1.6% to 8.9%). Other efficacy outcomes (late clinical failure, late parasitological failure, fever clearance time, time to starting oral intake and rate of deterioration to severe malaria) did not differ. <b>Conclusion</b> Quinine given by the rectal route has an acceptable safety profile and could be used in the early management of moderately severe malaria in children in sub-Saharan Africa, halting progression to severe disease.
Recombinant E1-deleted adenovirus vector induces apoptosis in two lung cancer cell lines
Authors: S. Teramoto, T. Matsuse, H Matsui, E Ohga, T Ishii, Y Ouchi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Although replication-defective adenoviruses (Ads) are used as vectors for delivering therapeutic genes to cancer cells, various effects of the viruses on the proliferation of lung cancer cells have been reported. Experiments were carried out to determine whether or not E1-deleted Ad vectors (Ad5-CMV-lacZ) affected cell kinetics in two different types of lung cancer cell line in vitro. A dose-dependent relationship was measured between the vector multiplicity of infection (MOI) and the efficiency of lacZ gene transfer to lung cancer cells. The growth curves of vector-infected cells were shifted to the right compared with those of vehicle-exposed cells in a vector MOI-dependent fashion. The slowed cell proliferation resulted from both increased cell death and slower cell cycle progression of the vector-infected cells. The morphology of vector-exposed cells revealed apoptotic features including nuclear condensation and fragmented nuclei. These results indicate that using a higher vector MOI causes a higher gene transfer rate, but may induce apoptosis of infected cells. Although vector-induced apoptosis may be advantageous in inhibiting tumour growth, apoptosis of vector-infected cells may also reduce transgene expression in cancer cells. Minimization of the induction of apoptosis of vector-infected cells is important for the prolongation of the transduction efficiency of Ad vectors.
The end of civilisation
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The lot of secondhand booksellers is not a happy one. The trade has nearly gone the way of cooperage or farriery. Customers are growing older and are not being replaced when they die; but many booksellers cannot retire as they would like, because their stock remains unsold. On the contrary it grows as they buy more books than they sell. They know, therefore, that they will die in harness, among the mould, the dust, and the silverfish that inhabit the drier parts of their establishments.

The other day I bought a book from a bookseller for £4. He was delighted, almost triumphant. “I knew I would sell it one day,” he said, adding: “To the right …
Tc-99m HMPAO Labeled WBC Scan for the Detection of Myocarditis in Different Phases of Kawasaki Disease
Authors: CHIA-HUNG KAO, KAI-SHENG HSIEH, YEN-LIANG WANG, CHEIN-WANG CHEN, SHU-QUINN LIAO, SHYH-JEN WANG, SHIN-HWA YEH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Myocardial imaging with Tc-99m HMPAO WBC was used to detect myocarditis of Kawasaki disease in 103 infants and children (66 boys and 37 girls, mean age 3 years and 4 months). The clinical course of Kawasaki disease may be divided into three phases, from the onset of illness onset until all clinical symptoms and signs have disappeared. Twenty-four hour myocardial imaging was performed in anterior, LAO, and left lateral views. The grading system was as follows: score 0 < bone uptake; 1 = bone uptake; 2 > bone uptake; and 3 ≥ liver uptake. If the score was ≥ 2, significant myocarditis was considered. The appearing ratio of myocarditis was 57% (13/23) in the first phase; 65% (15/23) in the second phase; 54% (31/57) in the third phase. No significant difference was demonstrated among the three groups of patients (P > 0.1, by Chi-square test). In conclusion, an occult myocarditis may continue in all three phases of Kawasaki disease, even if the clinical symptoms and signs had improved by the evidence of Tc-99m HMPAO labeled WBC scan to avoid advanced cardiac complication.
Few US medical schools and medical centres are disclosing industry ties
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Few of the leading medical schools and hospitals in the United States tell the public about their academic members’ ties to the drug and device industry, although more institutions now require members to disclose this information to them, say the American Medical Student Association and the Association of American Medical Colleges.

Prominent academic physicians who have not told their institutions about lucrative consulting arrangements with drug and device companies have been headline news in recent years in the US ( BMJ 2009;338:a3188, doi:10.1136/bmj.a3188; BMJ 2009;339:b2725, doi:10.1136/bmj.b2725).

The trend is toward greater disclosure, said Kim Cunningham, a spokesperson for the American Medical Students Association. The association has compiled a scorecard of US medical schools’ …
Hormones and Hypertension
Authors: Richard L. Reece
Journal: JAMA (1966)

This slim volume views through the eyes of experts some current theories of hypertension. The editor gathered 13 other top investigators, gave them nine chapters to write, and weeded out the chaff. This bookmaking formula yields a richly-documented, virtually error-free work. The dustjacket calls it a "superb synthesis" of hypertension and endocrine disturbances; I would classify it a series of review articles covering the last 30 years of hypertension. Some chapters are excellent. Jerome Conn makes a good case for aldosteronism as a leading cause of essential hypertension; James McCubbin and Irving Page wrap the various theories of renal hypertension into a "unifying" package; Louis Tobian probes the mysteries of the juxtaglomerular apparatus; and others tread through the metabolic mazes of epinephrine, norepinephrine, rennin, angiotensin, and the steroids. Two of the chapters—those linking elevated blood pressure with pregnancy and hyperthyroidism—are difficult to follow. Pregnancy and thyroid disease are backward handmaidens
Prisoners challenge government over HIV/AIDS treatment
Authors: Pat Sidley
Journal: BMJ (2006)

South African prisoners with HIV/AIDS are going back to court in a bid to force the South African government, the health minister, and various parts of the Correctional Services Department to give effect to a court order compelling them to provide antiretroviral treatment for inmates who have AIDS.

The group of prisoners is in a jail near Durban called the Westville Correctional Centre.

Late last year, the Treatment Action Campaign and the AIDS Law Project applied urgently to the Durban High Court representing 15 named prisoners—but aimed at representing other prisoners in a similar situation in a class action law suit.

The AIDS activists and prisoners …
2-Deoxyglucose selectively inhibits Fc and complement receptor-mediated phagocytosis in mouse peritoneal macrophages. I. Description of the inhibitory effect.
Authors: J Michl, D J Ohlbaum, S C Silverstein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

Incubation of normal or thioglycollate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages with 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-dG) inhibits the capacity of these macrophages to phagocytize IgG- or complement-coated particles via their Fc and C3 receptors. 2-dG has no inhibitory effect on the capacity of these macrophages to phagocytize latex or zymosan particles, which are ingested in the absence of specific opsonins, and it does not inhibit binding of IgG- or C3-coated particles to their respective receptors on the macrophage's plasma membrane. 2-dG exerts its inhibitory effect on the macrophage and not on the opsonized particle. The inhibition is independent of particle size, occurs within 15-30 min of addition of this glucose analogue to the medium at 37 degrees C, cannot be overcome by supra-agglutinating amounts of opsonizing antibody, and is completely reversible by substitution of 5.5 mM glucose for 50 mM 2-dG in the medium. Addition of equimolar amounts of glucose or mannose, but not of fructose, galactose, fucose, or glucosamine, to medium containing 50 mM 2-dG results in substantial reversal of the inhibitory effect of 2-dG on Fc and C3 receptor mediated phagocytosis.