tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Milburn recruits private companies from abroad to increase capacity of the NHS
Authors: W. Moore
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Leaders of primary care trusts have welcomed government moves to offer private health companies in mainland Europe a permanent base in the United Kingdom, whereas the BMA has voiced concern about the drive.

The health secretary, Alan Milburn, held talks last week with five European healthcare companies keen to provide services to the NHS. He is inviting them to draft in clinical teams from abroad or set up their own surgical units here to help tackle waiting list “hot spots.” Reducing long waits in elective ophthalmology and orthopaedics in southeast England would be a priority.

Mr Milburn later made it clear that he wanted European …
Gluten-Free Diet for Nontropical Sprue
Authors: Julian M. Ruffin, Stanley M. Kurtz, James L. Borland, Callum R. W. Bain, Waguih M. Roufail
Journal: JAMA (1964)

DURING WORLD WAR II Dicke in Holland observed that when bread was scarce or unobtainable, children having celiac disease improved clinically—their diarrhea ceased and they began to gain weight. After the war, when bread became available these same children relapsed.<sup>1</sup>Following this clinical observation, Weijers and van de Kamer, utilizing carefully conducted fat balance studies in patients having celiac disease, showed conclusively that by withdrawing flour from the diet the fat content of the stool returned to normal coincident with clinical remission. The addition of flour made from wheat and rye to the diet of these patients resulted in steatorrhea in every case.<sup>2</sup>It was shown later that oats had a similar effect and finally that the material responsible was the gliadin fraction of gluten.<sup>3</sup>In 1952 McIver in England reported a patient having nontropical sprue who recovered following the administration of the gluten-free diet.<sup>4</sup>This
Risks of Repeated Immunization
Authors: L. FRED AYVAZIAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments and Corrections1 April 1975Risks of Repeated ImmunizationL. FRED AYVAZIAN, M.D.L. FRED AYVAZIAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-82-4-589_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In their paper "Repeated Immunization: Possible Adverse Effects," White, Adler, and McGann (1) report on less than 10% of 700 male employees at Fort Derrick who since 1956 had received multiple immunizations; despite some interesting minor laboratory abnormalities in this group, the authors conclude that chronic stimulation of the immunoglobulin-stimulating system in the human seems to cause no adverse effects, unlike amyloid disease, myeloma, and hypersensitivity reported in laboratory animals. As in a similar study referred to, that is, the soldiers receiving influenza vaccine, the subjects studied were always or almost always men well above adolescent age....References1. WHITEADLERMCGANN CWV: Repeated immunization: possible adverse effects. Ann Intern Med 81:594-600, 1974 LinkGoogle Scholar2. AYVAZIANBADGER LT: Disseminated lupus erythematosus occurring among student nurses. N Engl J Med 239:565-570, 1948 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. PEELERCLUFFTREVOR RLR: Hyperimmunization of man. Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp (Baltimore) 103:183-198, 1958 MedlineGoogle Scholar2. PEELERKADULLCLUFF RPL: Intensive immunization of man. Evaluation of possible adverse consequences. Ann Intern Med 63:44-57, 1965 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Pulmonary Disease Section Veterans Administration Hospital East Orange, New Jersey 07019 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byInfluenza Immunization and Lupus ErythematosusL. FRED AYVAZIAN, M.D.Influenza Vaccination of Patients with Systemic Lupus ErythematosusSUSAN C. RISTOW, M.D., R. GORDON DOUGLAS Jr., M.D., F.A.C.P., JOHN J. CONDEMI, M.D., F.A.C.P. 1 April 1975Volume 82, Issue 4Page: 589-589KeywordsAdolescentsHypersensitivityMyelomaResearch laboratoriesRisk managementVaccines Issue Published: 1 April 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
A piece of my mind. Shreds of a flowered shirt
Authors: E. R. Transue
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lethal injection: a stain on the face of medicine
Authors: J. I Groner
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Invariant CD1d-restricted NKT (iNKT) cells play important roles in generating protective immune responses against infections. In this study, we have investigated the role of human iNKT cells in HSV-1 infection and their interaction with epidermal keratinocytes. These cells express CD1d and are the primary target of the virus. Keratinocytes loaded with α-galactosyl ceramide (α-GalCer) could stimulate IFN-γ production and CD25 upregulation by iNKT cells. However, both α-GalCer–dependent and cytokine-dependent activation of iNKT cells was impaired after coculture with HSV-1–infected cells. Notably, CD1d downregulation was not observed on infected keratinocytes, which were also found to inhibit TCR-independent iNKT cell activation. Further examination of the cytokine profile of iNKT–keratinocyte cocultures showed inhibition of IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-17 secretion but upregulation of IL-4 and TNF-α after the infection. Moreover, cell-to-cell contact between infected keratinocytes and iNKT cells was required for the inhibition of activation, as the cell-free supernatants containing virus did not affect activation. Productive infection of iNKT cells was however not required for the inhibitory effect. After coculture with infected cells, iNKT cells were no longer responsive to further stimulation with α-GalCer–loaded CD1d-expressing cells. We found that exposure to HSV-1–infected cells resulted in impaired TCR signaling downstream of ZAP70. Additionally, infected cells upregulated the expression of the negative T cell regulator, galectin-9; however, blocking experiments indicated that the impairment of iNKT cell responses was independent of galectin-9. Thus, interference with activation of human iNKT cells by HSV-1 may represent a novel immunoevasive strategy used by the virus to avoid immune clearance.
Nonoperative Embryo Transfer to the Fallopian Tube
Authors: Robert P.S. Jansen, John C. Anderson, Paul D. Sutherland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

FERTILIZATION of the human oocyte by a spermatozoon and early development of the fertilized ovum take place in the lumen of the fallopian tube.1 When infertility is caused by disease of the fallopian tubes, in vitro fertilization has an important role in its treatment.2 3 4 5 6 In vitro fertilization in humans first became practicable in the 1970s, when operative laparoscopy made it possible to aspirate ovarian follicles7; more recently, in vitro fertilization has been simplified by the use of ultrasound-guided transvaginal ovarian puncture to collect oocytes for fertilization, obviating the need for general anesthesia and for hospitalization.8 , 9 In either case, the . . .
Abnormal left ventricular torsion and cardiac autonomic dysfunction in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Milan K. Piya, Ganesh Nallur Shivu, Abd Tahrani, Kiran Dubb, Khalid Abozguia, T.T. Phan, Parth Narendran, Rodica Pop-Busui, Michael Frenneaux, Martin J. Stevens
Journal: Metabolism (2011)

Left ventricular torsion is increased and cardiac energetics are reduced in uncomplicated type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Our aim was to determine the relationships of these abnormalities to cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in subjects with T1DM. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 20 subjects with T1DM free of known coronary heart disease attending an outpatient clinic. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy was assessed using heart rate variability studies and the continuous wavelet transform method. Left ventricular function was determined by speckle tracking echocardiography. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and stress magnetic resonance imaging were used to measure cardiac energetics and myocardial perfusion reserve index, respectively. Twenty subjects (age, 35 ± 8 years; diabetes duration, 16 ± 9 years; hemoglobin A(1c), 8.0% ± 1.1%) were recruited. Forty percent of the subjects exhibited definite or borderline CAN. Log peak radial strain was significantly increased in subjects with CAN compared with those without (1.56 ± 0.06 vs 1.43 ± 0.14, respectively; P = .011). Data were adjusted for log duration of diabetes, and log left ventricular torsion correlated (r = 0.593, P = .01) with log low-frequency to high-frequency ratio during the Valsalva maneuver. Log isovolumic relaxation time correlated significantly with log Valsalva ratio and log proportion of differences in consecutive RR intervals of normal beats greater than 50 milliseconds during deep breathing. However, CAN did not correlate with cardiac energetics or myocardial perfusion reserve index. Spectral analysis of low-frequency to high-frequency ratio power during the Valsalva maneuver is associated with altered left ventricular torsion in subjects with T1DM. Parasympathetic dysfunction is closely associated with diastolic deficits. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy is not however the principal cause of impaired cardiac energetics. The role of CAN in the development of cardiomyopathy warrants further evaluation.
Most chronic kidney patients can be treated in primary care
Authors: C. Wright
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The focus of renal medicine needs to shift from treatment centred on dialysis and transplantation in secondary care towards more generalised intervention in primary care, a conference in Edinburgh has heard. 

Speaking at a meeting on renal medicine organised by the Royal College of Physicians of Scotland, John Harty, a consultant physician at Daisy Hill Hospital in Newry, County Down, said that changes in GPs’ contracts in the United Kingdom meant that more patients with stage 4 kidney disease (severe decrease in glomerular filtration rate) were being identified. But he cautioned against assuming that this was …
Tricuspid Stenosis
Authors: CHARLES A. SANDERS, J. WARREN HARTHORNE, ROMAN W. DESANCTIS, W. GERALD AUSTEN
Journal: Circulation (1966)

The present report concerns ten patients with significant tricuspid stenosis and atrial fibrillation. The diagnosis could be made clinically in only two patients and by pullback record from right ventricle to right atrium in three, including the two mentioned previously. Careful hemodynamic assessment of tricuspid valve function by using simultaneously recorded right atrial and right ventricular pressures resulted in the detection of significant tricuspid stenosis in the nine patients on whom these measurements were made. The influence of atrial fibrillation and respiration on the tricuspid gradient and the role of exercise and amyl nitrite in augmenting barely detectable resting gradients are demonstrated.
Effect of carbohydrate and corticosteroids on activity of α-glucosidases in intestine of the infant rat
Authors: Emanuel Lebenthal, Philip Sunshine, Norman Kretchmer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

The activities of intestinal sucrase and isomaltase are not detectable in rats before 15-16 days of age, but administration of corticosteroids precociously induces the activities of these two alpha-glucosidases. 9-day old rats were removed from their mothers, warmed in an incubator, and fed by constant infusion through gastrostomies. The basic diet was a soya preparation to which various sugars were added. When the diet contained 2% sucrose, diarrhea ensued for 48 hr, but subsided when intestinal sucrase and isomaltase appeared precociously. In animals fed sucrose, the activities of sucrase and isomaltase were markedly increased as compared to animals on carbohydrate-free diets (sucrase 2.41+/-0.23 vs. 0.63+/-0.13 U, isomaltase 3.43+/-0.42 vs. 0.78+/-0.18 U). Maltase activity was doubled, while lactase was not altered significantly. The mitotic index of crypt cells, the depth of crypts, and incorporation of thymidine-(3)H into DNA were increased. In adrenalectomized rats, activities of sucrase and isomaltase were not detected nor induced by sucrose. Steroids given to adrenalectomized rats caused appearance of the enzymes; but if cortisone and sucrose were given together, there was synergism evidenced by a marked increase in activities (sucrase 7.2+/-1.1 vs. 0.68+/-0.12 U). In contrast to observations in adult animals, the effect of sucrose on alpha-glucosidases in developing animals demands the participation of the adrenal gland.
Surgical resection for pulmonary metastases of sweat gland carcinoma.
Authors: T Osaki, M Kodate, R Nakanishi, T Mitsudomi, T Shirakusa
Journal: Thorax (1994)

A case of axillary sweat gland carcinoma which metastasised to both lungs six years after resection of the primary lesion is described. The lesions were resected and three years later two further pulmonary metastases were resected.
A chromosomally integrated bacteriophage in invasive meningococci
Authors: Emmanuel Bille, Jean-Ralph Zahar, Agnès Perrin, Sandrine Morelle, Paula Kriz, Keith Jolley, Martin Maiden, Catherine Dervin, Xavier Nassif, Colin Tinsley
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

Cerebrospinal meningitis is a feared disease that can cause the death of a previously healthy individual within hours. Paradoxically, the causative agent, Neisseria meningitidis, is a common inhabitant of the human nasopharynx, and as such, may be considered a normal, commensal organism. Only in a small proportion of colonized people do the bacteria invade the bloodstream, from where they can cross the blood–brain barrier to cause meningitis. Furthermore, most meningococcal disease is caused by bacteria belonging to only a few of the phylogenetic groups among the large number that constitute the population structure of this genetically variable organism. However, the genetic basis for the differences in pathogenic potential remains elusive. By performing whole genome comparisons of a large collection of meningococcal isolates of defined pathogenic potential we brought to light a meningococcal prophage present in disease-causing bacteria. The phage, of the filamentous family, excises from the chromosome and is secreted from the bacteria via the type IV pilin secretin. Therefore, this element, by spreading among the population, may promote the development of new epidemic clones of N. meningitidis that are capable of breaking the normal commensal relationship with humans and causing invasive disease.
Social observations on childhood
Authors: L. Greenberg
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—As the producer of Clifford Yorke's talks on BBC Radio 3, Childhood and Social Truth, I wish to respond to Mark Berelowitz's review.1 Berelowitz says that Yorke does not explain why the children of stable families have become unstable parents. In fact, his talks concentrate on answering this question. The reason is that parents often fall victim to fashionable ideas and social pressures and therefore act …
Fish oil supplementation in type 2 diabetes: a quantitative systematic review.
Authors: V M Montori, A Farmer, P C Wollan, S F Dinneen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

To determine the effects of fish oil supplementation on lipid levels and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.A comprehensive search of Medline, Embase, Lilacs, the Cochrane Clinical Trials Registry bibliographies of relevant papers, and expert input updated through September 1998 was undertaken. All randomized placebo-controlled trials were included in which fish oil supplementation was the only intervention in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Three investigators performed data extraction and quality scoring independently with discrepancies resolved by consensus. Eighteen trials including 823 subjects followed for a mean of 12 weeks were included. Doses of fish oil used ranged from 3 to 18 g/day The outcomes studied were glycemic control and lipid levels.Meta-analysis of pooled data demonstrated a statistically significant effect of fish oil on lowering triglycerides (-0.56 mmol/l [95% CI -0.71 to -0.41]) and raising LDL cholesterol (0.21 mmol/l [0.02 to 0.41]). No statistically significant effect was observed for fasting glucose. HbA1c total cholesterol, or HDL cholesterol. The triglyceride-lowering effect and the elevation in LDL cholesterol were most marked in those trials that recruited hypertriglyceridemic subjects and used higher doses of fish oil. Heterogeneity was observed and explained by the recruitment of subjects with baseline hypertriglyceridemia in some studies.Fish oil supplementation in type 2 diabetes lowers triglycerides, raises LDL cholesterol, and has no statistically significant effect on glycemic control. Trials with hard clinical end points are needed.
Guns, Suicide, and Homicide
Authors: David Hemenway
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Letters17 June 2014Guns, Suicide, and HomicideDavid Hemenway, PhDDavid Hemenway, PhDFrom Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L14-5012-3 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:I disagree with Dr. Sklaroff's statements concerning my editorial. My concluding comment that “obtaining a firearm not only endangers those living in the home but also imposes substantial costs on the community” is a statement concerning my synthesis of the available scientific evidence. It is not a policy statement, and not an “unabashed campaign to restrict the right to bear arms.” Indeed, elsewhere I have suggested policies that could reduce firearm injuries in the United States while keeping nearly all of the recreational and self-defense benefits of firearms (1). Polls have found that the overwhelming majority of Americans ...References1. Hemenway D. Private Guns, Public Health. Ann Arbor, MI: Univ Michigan Pr; 2006. Google Scholar2. Hepburn LM, Hemenway D. Firearm availability and homicide: a review of the literature. Aggress Violent Behav. 2004;9:417-40. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. Fleegler EW, Lee LK, Monuteaux MC, Hemenway D, Mannix R. Firearm legislation and firearm-related fatalities in the United States. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173:732-40. [PMID: 23467753] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.Disclosures: Authors have disclosed no conflicts of interest. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M13-2657. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoGuns, Suicide, and Homicide: Individual-Level Versus Population-Level Studies David Hemenway Guns, Suicide, and Homicide: Individual-Level Versus Population-Level Studies David Hemenway Guns, Suicide, and Homicide Andrew Anglemyer Guns, Suicide, and Homicide Robert B. Sklaroff Guns, Suicide, and Homicide Robert B. Sklaroff Guns, Suicide, and Homicide Andrew Anglemyer Metrics 17 June 2014Volume 160, Issue 12Page: 877KeywordsConflicts of interestDisclosureFirearm injuriesHomicideMedical risk factorsPsychiatry and mental healthSuicideViolent crime ePublished: 17 June 2014 Issue Published: 17 June 2014 CopyrightCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Basolateral membrane sodium-independent Cl-/HCO3- exchanger in rat inner medullary collecting duct cell.
Authors: R A Star
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Previous studies have shown that the middle third of the rat inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD-2) secretes protons despite the absence of intercalated cells, the cell thought to secrete protons in other portions of the collecting duct. A new cell, the IMCD cell, is the predominant cell in IMCD-2. The mechanism responsible for base exit in the IMCD cell was characterized by measuring cell pH of isolated perfused tubules with 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5,6-carboxyfluorescein. Reduction of bath HCO3- caused a significant and reversible decrease in cell pH, whereas a similar change in luminal HCO3- had a significantly smaller effect, indicating that the HCO3-/H+ permeability of the basolateral membrane is much larger than the apical membrane. The rate of cell acidification induced by reduction in bath HCO3-, a measure of basolateral HCO3- transport, was significantly decreased in the absence of bath and lumen Cl. Decreases in bath Cl caused a significant and reversible increase in cell pH, which was not changed significantly by complete removal of Na from perfusate and bath, but was significantly inhibited by basolateral 4',5'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid. A chemical voltage clamp did not inhibit the rate of cell alkalinization after bath Cl removal, indicating that Cl-/HCO3- exchange is not via parallel Cl and HCO3- conductances. Cell pH was measured in single cells by low-light-level imaging to show that most cells contain the chloride-dependent HCO3- pathway. We conclude that the rat IMCD cell possesses a basolateral Na-independent CL-/HCO3- exchanger which may serve as the base exit step for transepithelial proton secretion.
DMBT1, a new member of the SRCR superfamily, on chromosome 10q25.3–26.1 is deleted in malignant brain tumours
Authors: Jan Mollenhauer, Stefan Wiemann, Wolfram Scheurlen, Bernhard Korn, Yutaka Hayashi, Klaus K. Wilgenbus, Andreas von Deimling, Annemarie Poustka
Journal: Nature Genetics (1997)