tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Moses Maimonides and The Circulation
Authors: Fred Rosner
Journal: JAMA (1967)

To the Editor:—  I read with interest the SPECIAL BOOK REVIEW by King entitled William Harvey and the Circulation ( 200 :961, 1967). It is conceivable that writers before Harvey alluded to this physiological phenomenon, as perhaps Moses Maimonides (1135-1204) in his Aphorisms.  The Medical Aphorisms of Moses (Fusul Musa fi al tibb in Arabic; Pirke Moshe in Hebrew; Aphorismi Rabi Moysi in Latin) is the most voluminous of Maimonides' medical writings. This work is a presentation of a rich collection of medical rules and regulations, selected mainly from the abundant works of Galen and the latter's commentaries on Hippocrates. Maimonides takes issue with many of Galen's views in the most important 25th treatise of this book.  Maimonides subdivides blood vessels into arteries, veins, and capillaries when he states, Arteries in the entire body communicate with veins and interchange some blood and air through these anastamoses which are so narrow as
Never mind the gym, do medicine
Authors: Nicholas David Clement
Journal: BMJ (2006)

I have just completed my first foundation year as a doctor in a large busy district general hospital. Not being one for physical exertion, preferring golf and snooker to anything more strenuous, I nevertheless find myself fitter than ever. Why you ask? Well, working for a living is rather hectic: several ward rounds a week, plus on-call duties and post-take rounds, and not forgetting the frantic running from patient to patient in between the rounds.

The distance that junior doctors cover on foot is not a …
Regulation of MEIS1 by distal enhancer elements in acute leukemia
Authors: Q-f Wang, Y-j Li, J-f Dong, B Li, J J Kaberlein, L Zhang, F E Arimura, R T Luo, J Ni, F He, J Wu, R Mattison, J Zhou, C-z Wang, S Prabhakar, M A Nobrega, M J Thirman
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Antihypertensive drugs and diabetes in predisposed men: Authors' reply
Authors: E. Skarfors, H. Lithell, H. Aberg, I. Selinus
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Mechanical ventilation at homeSIR,-We support Dr M A Branthwaite's succinct case for a nationally coordinated home ventilation service in Britain' Such a system would help smaller centres such as our own, which historically lacks the designated funding.At present we experience much difficulty in obtaining financial agreement for ventilators and associated equipment from patients' home districts, which prolongs their stay in hospital.The current impetus arises from the greater understanding of the treatability of nocturnal hypoxaemia associated with sleep apnoea or chronic pulmonary disease; numerically, these groups account for a large fraction of the total
Antipsychotic drugs and risk of venous thromboembolism: nested case-control study
Authors: C. Parker, C. Coupland, J. Hippisley-Cox
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To determine whether antipsychotic drugs are associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism, and to examine risks by type of antipsychotic, potency, and dose. <b>Design</b> Population based nested case-control study. <b>Setting</b> The UK QResearch primary care database. <b>Participants</b> Patients (cases) with a first ever record of venous thromboembolism between 1 January 1996 and 1 July 2007; each was matched with up to four controls by age, calendar time, sex, and practice. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Odds ratios for venous thromboembolism associated with antipsychotic drugs adjusted for comorbidity; concomitant drug exposure. <b>Results</b> There were 25 532 eligible cases (15 975 with deep vein thrombosis and 9557 with pulmonary embolism) and 89 491 matched controls from a study population of 7 267 673. Individuals prescribed antipsychotic drugs in the previous 24 months had a 32% greater risk of venous thromboembolism than non-users, despite adjustment for potential risk factors (odds ratio 1.32, 95% confidence interval 1.23 to 1.42). Patients who had started a new drug in the previous three months had about twice the risk (1.97, 1.66 to 2.33). The risk was greater for individuals prescribed atypical rather than conventional drugs (adjusted odds ratio 1.73, 1.37 to 2.17, for atypical drugs; 1.28, 1.18 to 1.38, for conventional drugs). It also tended to be greater for patients prescribed low rather than high potency drugs (1.99, 1.52 to 2.62, for low potency; 1.28, 1.18 to 1.38, for high potency). The estimated number of extra cases of venous thromboembolism per 10 000 patients treated over one year was 4 (3 to 5) in patients of all ages and 10 (7 to 13) for patients aged 65 and over. <b>Conclusions</b> There is an association between use of antipsychotic drugs and risk of venous thromboembolism in a large primary care population. The increased risk was more marked among new users and those prescribed atypical antipsychotic drugs.
An Evaluation of Methods of Assessing Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Ulrik Pedersen-Bjergaard, Thomas Høi-Hansen, Birger Thorsteinsson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

The report by Geddes et al. (1) deals with an important—and controversial—clinical issue: classification of hypoglycemia awareness.

Three methods were compared: the Edinburgh method (2), the Clarke method (3), and our method (4). Geddes et al. (1) conclude that our method is too simplified and overestimates the prevalence of impaired awareness and recommend the use of the Edinburgh and/or the Clarke …
BMJ lends its support to 10:10 climate change campaign
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A campaign to encourage public sector organisations, private sector companies, and the public to reduce carbon emissions by 10% by 2010 has been launched by the team behind The Age of Stupid , a film about climate change.

The 10:10 campaign, which has the backing of the BMJ , has been launched to encourage people to show the government that they have got a mandate to reduce carbon emissions.

The aim is to obtain as many signatories as possible by 21 September and to urge the government’s climate change and energy secretary, Ed Miliband, to commit the country to the 10:10 target ahead of the next set of international talks on climate scheduled for December in Copenhagen.

The …
Chloramphenicol in Treatment of Cutaneous Anthrax
Authors: P. S. Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1952)

Chloramphenicol in concentrations of 5 ,cg./ml.has been shown to inhibit in vitro several strains of Bacillus anthracis, one strain being rather more susceptible (McLean, Schwab, Hillegas, Schlingman, 1949).Its clinical effect was therefore tried on four cases of cutaneous anthrax in Indian labourers.
Occupational asthma caused by Arabidopsis thaliana: a case of laboratory plant allergy
Authors: B. Yates, A. De Soyza, R. Harkawat, C. Stenton
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

A 36-yr-old male never-smoker with an 8-yr history of hay fever but no past history of asthma undertook a 3-yr research project involving the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The subject was based in a small laboratory with an attached growing room. After 30 months of research, he began to develop breathlessness within 5-10 min of entering the laboratory. Initial investigations confirmed asthma with airflow obstruction (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1))/forced vital capacity was 3.01/4.75 L; predicted values were 3.67/4.43 L) and increased airway responsiveness. Serial peak expiratory flow measurements showed a work-related pattern. A supervised workplace challenge test led to a fall in FEV(1) from the baseline value of 3.10 L to 1.95 L within 20 min of entering the growing room. Skin-prick solutions were prepared from Arabidopsis leaves and flower heads; positive 4-mm responses were obtained to the flower heads (i.e. to the pollen). Arabidopsis is a member of the Brassicaceae family. It is used extensively in plant biology research as its genome is small, has been fully sequenced and is easily manipulated. The present article represents the first reported case of occupational asthma due to Arabidopsis thaliana.
Abstract 1042: Down-regulation of UTX contributes to lung cancer progression
Authors: Jennifer L. Gilbert, Erin Maresh, Vei Mah, Adam Gower, Lee Goodglick, Brigitte Gomperts
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Smoking, the main risk factor leading to lung cancer, causes both genetic and epigenetic changes resulting in aberrant gene expression. UTX is a histone demethylase that has been implicated in many cancers and has been shown to regulate both cell cycle and differentiation genes. However, the role of UTX has not been elucidated in lung cancer. We hypothesized that smoking injury leads to a down regulation in UTX expression. This results in an inability of repairing airway epithelial cells to differentiate, resulting in premalignant lesions and ultimately invasive lung cancer. Examination of published lung cancer data sets revealed a down-regulation of Utx gene expression in patients with poorer prognosis, tumor grade, tumor recurrence and in smokers. To assess the involvement of UTX protein expression in lung cancer we stained a lung cancer tissue microarray and found a significant correlation between down-regulation of UTX protein expression and poorer prognosis in metastasis (p=0.0005) and smokers (p= 0.02). UTX expression was found to be significantly lower in squamous cell carcinoma compared to adenocarcinoma, linking down-regulation of UTX in a diseased caused solely by smoking. To test if smoking directly affects Utx expression we treated mouse airway epithelial cells at air-liquid interface with media infused with cigarette smoke for 9 days. After this short time point of acute smoke exposure there was a significant down regulation of Utx gene expression (p=0.03). We carried out UTX overexpression studies to assess the role of UTX in lung cancer cells lines and found up-regulation of UTX results in up-regulation of genes involved in lung development and differentiation, including Nrf2, FoxJ2 and FZD4. Our finding support the hypothesis that smoking causes a reduction in UTX that affects the proliferation and differentiation of airway epithelial cells contributing to lung cancer progression. Re-activation of UTX therefore may be a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of lung cancer progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1042. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1042
Serum antibodies to type II collagen in rheumatoid arthritis: comparison of 6 immunological methods and clinical features.
Authors: R B Clague, S A Firth, P J Holt, J Skingle, C L Greenbury, M Webley
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

A collaborative study of 75 selected patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) employing 6 different methods for the detection of antibodies to type II collagen showed highly significant correlations between all the assays. The radioimmunoassays showed a greater sensitivity than either the passive haemagglutination or immunofluorescent techniques, and when the native collagen molecule was heat-denatured a higher number of patients showed increased antibody levels. In 33 patients the measurement of serum antibody levels to human, bovine, and rat native type II collagen showed a lack of species specificity, indicating that heterologous collagens can be employed in these assays. A retrospective analysis of the clinical, laboratory, and radiological features in the 41 patients with raised antibody levels and the 34 patients with normal antibody levels showed very few differences, but there was a significantly lower incidence of subcutaneous nodules (24% versus 56%) in patients with raised antibody levels. This study emphasizes the need to standardize assays for the measurement of serum antibody levels to native type II collagen. More extensive studies will be required before the clinical significance of these antibodies can be fully established.
mTOR inhibitors are synergistic with methotrexate: an effective combination to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: David T. Teachey, Cecilia Sheen, Junior Hall, Theresa Ryan, Valerie I. Brown, Jonathan Fish, Gregor S. D. Reid, Alix E. Seif, Robin Norris, Yueh J. Chang, Martin Carroll, Stephan A. Grupp
Journal: Blood (2008)
Surgical implants and rugby studs
Authors: N. Shieff, C. Shieff
Journal: BMJ (1985)

authors in proposing trials of adjunctive chemo- therapy after radical hysterectomy in patients at risk of recurrence but must emphasise that the reported efficacy of drug combinations applies only at present to squamous disease.Alberts et al, using cisplatin, vincristine, mito- mycin, and bleomycin showed significant long term responsiveness of recurrent and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.'Personal experience in their department (AC) and in Ireland using this combination, particularly in unirradiated tissues, confirms these and other reported response rates.A prospective randomised clinical trial is under way under the auspices of the Irish Gynaecological Oncology Group using this combination after radical hysterectomy for stage lb squamous carcinoma of the cervix with associated risk factors for recurrence.This brings us to suggest the hitherto-unthink- able.Given those at high risk of residual disease after radical hysterectomy and the increasingly effective chemotherapy regimens, how do we assess the status of the patient after adjunctive chemotherapy?Are we approaching the concept of secondary exploratory laparotomy subsequent to postoperative chemotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix?
Pharmacological Activation of Liver X Receptors Promotes Reverse Cholesterol Transport In Vivo
Authors: Snehal U. Naik, Xun Wang, Jaqueline S. Da Silva, Michael Jaye, Colin H. Macphee, Muredach P. Reilly, Jeffrey T. Billheimer, George H. Rothblat, Daniel J. Rader
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Liver X receptors (LXRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors involved in the control of lipid metabolism and inflammation. Synthetic LXR agonists have been shown to inhibit the progression of atherosclerosis in mice, but the mechanism is uncertain. LXR agonism upregulates the genes encoding ATP binding cassette transporters A1 (ABCA1) and G1 (ABCG1) in macrophages, thus promoting efflux of cholesterol; it also upregulates liver and intestinal ABCG5 and ABCG8, helping to promote biliary and fecal excretion of cholesterol. Thus, LXR agonism may inhibit atherosclerosis through promotion of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) in vivo, but this has not been proven. We previously described an in vivo method to trace the movement of cholesterol from 3 H-cholesterol–labeled J774 macrophages into plasma, into liver, and ultimately into the bile and feces as free cholesterol or bile acids. In the present study we used this approach to test the hypothesis that administration of the synthetic LXR agonist GW3965 would increase the rate of macrophage RCT in vivo. Methods and Results— Three different mouse models—wild-type C57BL/6 mice, LDLR/apobec-1 double knockout mice, and human apolipoprotein (apo)B/cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) double transgenic mice—were treated with either vehicle or GW3965. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with 3 H-cholesterol–labeled and cholesterol-loaded macrophages and monitored for the appearance of 3 H-tracer in plasma, liver, and feces. Administration of GW3965 significantly increased the levels of 3 H-tracer in plasma and feces in all 3 mouse models. Conclusions— These results demonstrate that administration of the LXR agonist GW3965 increases the rate of RCT from macrophages to feces in vivo.
Improvement in skin barrier function in patients with atopic dermatitis after treatment with a moisturizing cream (Canoderm<sup>®</sup>)
Authors: None LODÉN, None ANDERSSON, None LINDBERG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Patients with atopic skin show a defective barrier function both in rough and in clinically normal skin, with an increasing risk of developing contact dermatitis. Moisturizing creams are often used in the treatment of dry skin. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of treatment with a urea‐containing moisturizer on the barrier properties of atopic skin. Fifteen patients with atopic dermatitis treated one of their forearms twice daily for 20 days with a moisturizing cream. Skin capacitance and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were measured at the start of the study and after 10 and 20 days. On day 21 the skin was exposed to sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and on day 22 the irritant reaction was measured non‐invasively. Skin capacitance was significantly increased by the treatment, indicating increased skin hydration. The water barrier function, as reflected by TEWL values, tended to improve (P= 0.07), and the skin susceptibility to SLS was significantly reduced, as measured by TEWL and superficial skin blood flow (P< 0.05). Thus, it seems that certain moisturizers could improve skin barrier function in atopics and reduce skin susceptibility to irritants. The mechanism and the clinical relevance need further investigation.
Effect of oral propranolol on rest, exercise and postexercise left ventricular performance in normal subjects and patients with coronary artery disease.
Authors: R C Marshall, G Wisenberg, H R Schelbert, E Henze
Journal: Circulation (1981)

The effect of beta-adrenergic blockade with oral propranolol on resting, exercise and postexercise ventricular performance was evaluated using multiple-gated equilibrium cardiac blood and pool images in normal volunteers and patients with coronary artery disease. Propranolol produced no detectable effect on basal left ventricular function in normal subjects at doses producing intermediate (160 mg propranolol/day) and maximal (434 +/- 99 mg propranolol/day) beta blockade and in patients with coronary artery disease at clinically effective antianginal doses (162 +/- 47 mg propranolol/day). During exercise, a dose-related, negative inotropic effect was observed in normal subjects: 160 mg propranolol/day produced a small but statistically insignificant decline in exercise left ventricular performance, whereas maximal beta blockade significantly depressed the left ventricular response to exercise. In patients with coronary artery disease, propranolol's effect on exercise ventricular performance depended on the presence or absence of ischemic dysfunction during exercise. In patients with an ischemic functional response to exercise, propranolol significantly improved regional and global performance during and after exercise; in coronary artery disease patients with a normal response to exercise, propranolol had no significant effect on exercise and postexercise ventricular function. These results imply increased sensitivity to the effects of beta blockade in ischemic myocardium. In coronary artery disease patients with an abnormal response to exercise and in normal volunteers during beta blockade, propranolol's effect on exercise left ventricular performance was independent of changes in ventricular preload and after load related to heart rate and blood pressure.
Abnormal nonshivering thermogenesis in mice with inherited defects of fatty acid oxidation.
Authors: C Guerra, R A Koza, K Walsh, D M Kurtz, P A Wood, L P Kozak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

When placed in the cold (4 degreesC), BALB/cByJ mice of both genders rapidly lose body temperature as compared with the control strain, C57BL/6J. This sensitivity to cold resembles that previously described for mice with a defect in nonshivering thermogenesis due to the targeted inactivation of the brown adipocyte-specific mitochondrial uncoupling protein gene, Ucp1. Genetic mapping of the trait placed the gene on chromosome 5 near Acads, a gene encoding the short chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase, which is mutated in BALB/cByJ mice. The analysis of candidate genes in the region indicated a defect only in the expression of Acads. Confirmation of the importance of fatty acid oxidation to thermogenesis came from our finding that mice carrying the targeted inactivation of the long chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase gene (Acadl) are also sensitive to the cold. Both of these mutations attenuate the induction of genes normally responsive to adrenergic signaling in brown adipocytes. These results suggest that the action of fatty acids as regulators of gene expression has been perturbed in the mutant mice. From a clinical perspective, it is important to determine whether defects in thermogenesis may be a phenotype in human neonates with inherited deficiencies in fatty acid beta-oxidation.
The Professional Testing Center: Past and Present
Authors: Christine K. Cassel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Letters18 August 2009The Professional Testing Center: Past and PresentChristine K. Cassel, MDChristine K. Cassel, MDFrom American Board of Internal Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19106.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Bedgood (1) and Elon (2) highlight 2 very different testing experiences for American Board of Internal Medicine certification.Like Elon, I remember taking my recertification examination with a pencil and paper. Taking the examination with my colleagues was a collective and reinforcing experience. We could support each other during breaks, tell jokes to cut the tension, and make new acquaintances who shared the same areas of specialization.But many of the security concerns and measures of today existed then as well. When I took my geriatrics examination, proctors walked up and down the aisles, and we had ...References1. Bedgood RB. Trial by fire: first medical board certification in Iraq. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150:355-6. [PMID: 19258562] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Elon RD. The professional testing center. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150:357. [PMID: 19258563] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Christine K. Cassel, MDAffiliations: From American Board of Internal Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19106.Disclosures:Employment: Dr. Cassell is President and Chief Executive Officer of the American Board of Internal Medicine. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoTrial by Fire: First Medical Board Certification in Iraq Raymond B. Bedgood The Professional Testing Center Rebecca D. Elon Metrics 18 August 2009Volume 151, Issue 4Page: 287-288KeywordsBehaviorComputersConflicts of interestGeriatrics ePublished: 18 August 2009 Issue Published: 18 August 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...