tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Using Clinical Trial Summary Results to Establish Quality Measures
Authors: Tracey L. Yap, Winston Y. Yap
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Heparin Prevention of Catheter Thrombosis
Authors: Harry W. Daniell
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We recently have had considerable success in preventing venous thrombosis at the site of indwelling venous catheters in peripheral veins by including aqueous heparin in the infusate in concentrations of 1,000 units/liter. The average time during which an individual site can be successfully used seems substantially increased, there has been no demonstrable adverse effect on coagulation, the frequency of superficial thrombophlebitis seems markedly reduced, and the technique has resulted in no apparent complications. We felt this observation should be of some interest to your readers.
Defective in vitro growth of the hemopoietic progenitor cells in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Authors: C C Stella, A Ganser, D Hoelzer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

In addition to immunologic derangement, hematological abnormalities have been reported in the majority of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In this study 15 patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex (ARC) were evaluated for the in vitro growth of hemopoietic progenitor cells. In all patients a significant reduction of growth (mean +/- SEM) of colony-forming unit-granulocyte, erythrocyte, macrophage, (megakaryocyte) (CFU-GEM) (1.2 +/- 0.3), burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) (17 +/- 10), CFU-megakaryocyte (CFU-Mk) (1.7 +/- 0.6), and CFU-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) (35 +/- 10) was observed in comparison with normal controls. Depletion of T cells from the bone marrow before culture led to a significant increase in colony growth, which indicated an imbalance of the normally modulating T cell subsets. This increase was reversed by readdition of autologous T cells causing a decrease in colony growth to a degree, dependent on the T4 to T8 ratio. A decreased number of hemopoietic progenitor cells and/or a defective modulation of progenitor cell growth, normally carried out by T lymphocyte subsets, might be the cause of the hematological abnormalities in AIDS patients.
Oncogene-Driven Intrinsic Inflammation Induces Leukocyte Production of Tumor Necrosis Factor That Critically Contributes to Mammary Carcinogenesis
Authors: Sabina Sangaletti, Claudio Tripodo, Chiara Ratti, Silvia Piconese, Rossana Porcasi, Rosalba Salcedo, Giorgio Trinchieri, Mario P. Colombo, Claudia Chiodoni
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Oncogene activation promotes an intrinsic inflammatory pathway that is crucial for cancer development. Here, we have investigated the actual effect of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on the natural history of spontaneous mammary cancer in the HER2/neuT (NeuT) transgenic mouse model. Bone marrow transplantation from TNF knockout mice into NeuT recipients significantly impaired tumor growth, indicating that the source of TNF fostering tumor development was of bone marrow origin. We show that the absence of leukocyte-derived TNF disarranged the tumor vasculature, which lacked pericyte coverage and structural integrity, leading to diffuse vascular hemorrhage and stromal necrosis. In addition, tumor-associated Tie2–expressing monocytes were reduced and cytokine expression skewed from Th2 to Th1 type. Treatment of NeuT mice with anti-TNF antibody partially phenocopied the antitumor effect of TNF-deficient bone marrow cell transplantation, providing a strong preclinical background and rationale for the introduction of TNF antagonists in the treatment of human breast cancer, including basal-like samples for which consolidated targeted therapies do not exist. Cancer Res; 70(20); 7764–75. ©2010 AACR.
Low-dose ramipril reduces microalbuminuria in type 1 diabetic patients without hypertension: results of a randomized controlled trial.
Authors: P O'Hare, R Bilbous, T Mitchell, C J O' Callaghan, G C Viberti
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: To assess if low (1.25 mg) and/or standard (5 mg) doses of the ACE inhibitor ramipril could prevent progression of microalbuminuria (incipient diabetic nephropathy) in normotensive type 1 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This study, using a multicenter randomized placebo-controlled double-blind parallel group, was conducted over 2 years in 28 outpatient diabetic clinics in the U.K. and Ireland. We screened 334 type 1 diabetic patients with suspected microalbuminuria and normal blood pressure; of these, 140 patients 18-65 years of age with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes and persistent microalbuminuria, defined as urinary albumin excretion rate (AER) of 20-200 microg/min, were enrolled in the study. RESULTS: The proportion of patients progressing to macroalbuminuria was reduced in the ramipril groups but did not reach statistical significance over 2 years. AER was significantly lower at year 2 in the combined ramipril-treated patients versus placebo (P = 0.013). More patients on ramipril regressed to normoalbuminuria (&amp;lt;20 microg/min), with 11% for 1.25 mg ramipril, 20% for 5 mg ramipril, and 4% for placebo (P = 0.053). Blood pressure was significantly reduced to a similar extent with both 1.25 and 5 mg ramipril. Supine systolic blood pressure increased from 130 to 134 mmHg in the placebo group and fell in the 1.25 mg ramipril group (from 132 to 129 mmHg) and in the 5 mg ramipril group (from 134 to 130 mmHg) (P = 0.003, compared with placebo). No statistically significant changes were observed in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) between the placebo- and ramipril-treated groups during the 2-year period. CONCLUSIONS: Microalbuminuria is reduced significantly by ramipril treatment in type 1 diabetic patients without hypertension. Although the magnitude of the response was greater, there is no significant difference between responses to 1.25 or 5 mg ramipril. Small but highly significant reductions in systolic and mean arterial pressures occur in ramipril-treated patients. GFR is stable at this stage of the evolution of diabetic nephropathy and is unaffected by ramipril treatment for 2 years.
THE VALUE OF VACCINES IN THE TREATMENT OF WHOOPING-COUGH
Authors: D. Paterson, J. M. Smellie
Journal: BMJ (1922)

THE object of this paper is to record some observations on and tlle results of--vaccine treatment of -cases of lvwooping-cougLl.The majority were out-patients, a few being in- patients, at tlhe Hospital for Siclk Children, Great Ormond Street, during the months of January, February, and Marcll, 1922.For pUrpo03es of age-and sex incidence we have included all
Treatment of Adult Varicella with Oral Acyclovir
Authors: Mark R. Wallace, William A. Bowler, Nancy B. Murray, Stephanie K. Brodine, Edward C. Oldfield
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

▪ Objective: To assess the efficacy of oral acyclovir in treating adults with varicella and to describe the natural history of adult varicella. ▪ Design: Double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. ▪ Setting: A naval hospital. ▪ Patients: One hundred forty-eight of 206 consecutive adult active duty Navy and Marine Corps personnel who were hospitalized for isolation and inpatient therapy of varicella and who could be treated within 72 hours of rash onset completed the study. The diagnosis of varicella was confirmed by acute and convalescent serology in 143 of 144 patients with available paired sera. ▪ Intervention: Patients were randomly assigned to receive either acyclovir, 800 mg orally five times per day for 7 days, or an identical placebo. Separate randomization codes were used for patients presenting within 24 hours of rash onset and for those presenting 25 to 72 hours after rash onset. ▪ Measurements: Daily lesion counts, symptom scores, temperature measurements, and laboratory tests were used to monitor the course of the illness. ▪ Results: Early treatment (initiated within 24 hours of rash onset) reduced the total time to (100%) crusting from 7. 4 to 5.6 days (P = 0.001) and reduced the maximum number of lesions by 46% (P = 0.04). Duration of fever and severity of symptoms were also reduced by early therapy. Late therapy (25 to 72 hours after rash onset) had no effect on the course of illness. Only four patients had pneumonia, and no encephalitis or mortality was noted. ▪ Conclusions: Early therapy with oral acyclovir decreases the time to cutaneous healing of adult varicella, decreases the duration of fever, and lessens symptoms. Initiation of therapy after the first day of illness is of no value in uncomplicated cases of adult varicella. The low frequency of serious complications of varicella (pneumonia, encephalitis, or death) precluded any evaluation of the possible effect of acyclovir on these outcomes.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE THIOL CONTENT OF ABNORMAL STRATUM CORNEUM IN PSORIASIS AND OTHER CONDITIONS.*
Authors: I. A. MAGNUS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1956)

Journal Article OBSERVATIONS ON THE THIOL CONTENT OF ABNORMAL STRATUM CORNEUM IN PSORIASIS AND OTHER CONDITIONS. Get access I. A. MAGNUS I. A. MAGNUS Department of Dermatology, Guy's Hospital, and the Department of Chemical Pathology, Guy's Hospital Medical School Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 68, Issue 7-8, 1 July 1956, Pages 243–251, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1956.tb12810.x Published: 01 July 1956
Neurodevelopmental, educational and behavioral outcome at 8 years after neonatal ECMO: a nationwide multicenter study
Authors: Marlous J. Madderom, Jolanda J. C. M. Reuser, Elisabeth M. W. J. Utens, Joost van Rosmalen, Marlou Raets, Paul Govaert, Katerina Steiner, Saskia J. Gischler, Dick Tibboel, Arno F. J. van Heijst, Hanneke IJsselstijn
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)
The diagnosis and characteristics of renal heavy-chain and heavy/light-chain amyloidosis and their comparison with renal light-chain amyloidosis
Authors: Samih H. Nasr, Samar M. Said, Anthony M. Valeri, Sanjeev Sethi, Mary E. Fidler, Lynn D. Cornell, Morie A. Gertz, Angela Dispenzieri, Francis K. Buadi, Julie A. Vrana, Jason D. Theis, Ahmet Dogan, Nelson Leung
Journal: Kidney International (2013)
Cytogenetic Monitoring of Farmers exposed to pesticides in Colombia.
Authors: L S Hoyos, S Carvajal, L Solano, J Rodriguez, L Orozco, Y López, W W Au
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

We have monitored 30 pesticide-exposed workers and 30 matched controls for expression of chromosome aberrations (CA) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in their lymphocytes. Peripheral blood cultures were set up within 3 hr after the collection of samples, and four cultures were set up from each donor. For CA analysis, 100 complete metaphase cells from each donor were evaluated. For the SCE assay, 50 complete metaphase cells from each donor were analyzed. The CA and SCE data were analyzed for differences between the two groups using the chi 2 and the Student's t-test, respectively. From the CA analysis it was obvious that the overwhelming majority of aberrations were chromatid breaks and isochromatid breaks; therefore, only these data are presented and used for statistical analysis. Isochromatid breaks were counted as two breaks each and chromatid breaks as one in calculating the total chromatid break frequencies. Statistical evaluation of the data indicates that there is no significant difference (p > 0.05; chi 2 test) between the exposed and the nonexposed groups based on chromatid breaks per 100 cells (1.2 +/- 0.3 and 1.5 +/- 0.2, respectively) and total chromatid breaks per 100 cells (1.7 +/- 0.3 and 2.1 +/- 0.2, respectively). No significantly difference between the two groups (p > 0.05, Student's t-test) was observed with SCE frequencies (5.0 +/- 1.1 and 4.8 +/- 0.9, respectively). Linear regression analysis indicates that the data were not influenced by age, cigarette smoking, or alcohol consumption. It is assuring that the exposure conditions among these Indian farmers have not caused detectable increases of chromosome damage using standard assays; this suggests the lack of serious long-term health problems. However, periodic monitoring of such exposed populations should be conducted using the same or other more sensitive assays. In addition, other populations with exposure to different types of pesticides in Colombia should also be investigated.
Sleep and Movement Differentiates Actions of Two Types of Somatostatin-Expressing GABAergic Interneuron in Rat Hippocampus
Authors: Linda Katona, Damien Lapray, Tim J. Viney, Abderrahim Oulhaj, Zsolt Borhegyi, Benjamin R. Micklem, Thomas Klausberger, Peter Somogyi
Journal: Neuron (2014)

Neuropeptides acting on pre- and postsynaptic receptors are coreleased with GABA by interneurons including bistratified and O-LM cells, both expressing somatostatin but innervating segregated dendritic domains of pyramidal cells. Neuropeptide release requires high-frequency action potentials, but the firing patterns of most peptide/GABA-releasing interneurons during behavior are unknown. We show that behavioral and network states differentiate the activities of bistratified and O-LM cells in freely moving rats. Bistratified cells fire at higher rates during sleep than O-LM cells and, unlike O-LM cells, strongly increase spiking during sharp wave-associated ripples (SWRs). In contrast, O-LM interneurons decrease firing during sleep relative to awake states and are mostly inhibited during SWRs. During movement, both cell types fire cooperatively at the troughs of theta oscillations but with different frequencies. Somatostatin and GABA are differentially released to distinct dendritic zones of CA1 pyramidal cells during sleep and wakefulness to coordinate segregated glutamatergic inputs from entorhinal cortex and CA3.
New Directions in Arthritis Therapy
Authors: Robert A. Gatter
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Intended for primary care physicians, this book is a commentary on the drugs available for treating arthritis, with emphasis on the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and remission-inducing drugs. Therapy relates mainly to the treatment of rheumatoid disease (rheumatoid arthritis).  The author has collected data at the Phoenix Arthritis Clinic in cooperation with various university medical centers for the American Rheumatism Association Medical Information System (ARAMIS). These postmarketing data provide useful information. Although limited at present, it is encouraging to have development of data that should more truly reflect patients' responses in a natural setting.  The use of a patient prototype, Alice F., throughout the text and comments in the epilogue provide glimpses at Dr Roth's personal approach to handling rheumatoid disease. The appendix gives some useful tables, examples of the ARAMIS data base, and comparisons of data derived from ARAMIS. The use of Edward Takesue's groupings of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs eases
Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of synovial fluid: volatile short-chain fatty acids in septic arthritis.
Authors: D G Borenstein, C A Gibbs, R P Jacobs
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

Volatile short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in synovial fluid from 80 patients were quantified by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). Characteristic patterns of volatile SCFA could not be associated with septic, nonseptic inflammatory, or noninflammatory groups. Mean concentrations of pentanoic and hexanoic acids were similar in all groups studied. In the septic arthritis group 3 of 4 patients with acetic acid and of 3 of 3 with 3-methyl butanoic acid had culture-proved staphylococcal infections. In patients with synovial fluid findings consistent with septic arthritis, including markedly raised leucocyte count, decreased glucose level, or detectable succinic acid, the detection of acetic and 3-methyl butanoic acids by GLC analysis may increase the suspicion that Staphylococcus aureus is the cause of the septic arthritis.
Does adjuvant alpha-interferon improve outcome when combined with total skin irradiation for mycosis fungoides?
Authors: D. Roberge, T. Muanza, G. Blake, C. Shustik, T. Vuong, C.R. Freeman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) experience frequent disease recurrences following total skin electron irradiation (TSEI) and may benefit from adjuvant therapy.To review the McGill experience with adjuvant alpha-interferon (IFN) in the treatment of MF.From 1990 to 2000, 50 patients with MF were treated with TSEI: 31 with TSEI alone and 19 with TSEI + IFN. Median TSEI dose was 35 Gy. In the TSEI + IFN group, IFN was given subcutaneously at 3 x 10(6) units three times per week starting 2 weeks prior to start of TSEI, continued concurrently with the radiation and for an additional 12 months following TSEI. The TSEI alone group included 16 men and 15 women with a median age of 61 years (range 31-84). The TSEI + IFN group included 14 men and five women with a median age of 51 years (range 24-83). Clinical stage was IA, IB, IIA, IIB, III and IVA in 2, 9, 4, 8, 1 and 7 patients of the TSEI group and 0, 3, 3, 7, 4 and 2 patients of the TSEI + IFN group.Median follow up for living patients was 70 months. All patients responded to treatment. Complete response (CR) rate was 65% following TSEI and 58% following TSEI + IFN (P = 0.6). Median overall survival (OS) was 61 months following TSEI and 38 months following TSEI + IFN (P = 0.4). Acute grade II-III dermatitis was seen in all patients. Fever, chills or myalgia were seen in 32% of patients treated with TSEI + IFN.Concurrent IFN and TSEI is feasible, with acceptable toxicity. Even when controlling for disease stage, the addition of IFN did not appear to increase CR rate, disease-free survival or OS.
La Vie Médicale en France: 1983
Authors: RICHARD F. LEIGHTON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Abroad1 July 1983La Vie Médicale en France: 1983RICHARD F. LEIGHTON, M.D., GÉRARD DROBINSKI, M.D., YVES GROSGOGEAT, M.D.RICHARD F. LEIGHTON, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, GÉRARD DROBINSKI, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, YVES GROSGOGEAT, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-1-122 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptMedical education, training, and practice have been recently undergoing profound changes in France, with more change soon to come. Until 15 years ago the density of physicians in France was increasing only slightly (Figure 1). Medical school was, and continues to be, a 7-year curriculum after granting of the baccalaureate. An examination at the end of the first year determined how many students could continue, but selection of students was not based on a fixed number of positions available.In the late 1960s, however, events occurred that led to considerable stress on the system of medical education. The student riots...References1. VEYLON R. La démographie médicale francaise: characteristiques fondamentales. Nouv Presse Méd. 1982;11:2593-6. Google Scholar2. LEJEUNE P. A propos de la démographie médicale francaise: analyses et prévisions. Paris, France: Université Pierre et Marie Curie; 1979:46. Thèse. Google Scholar3. ANTOINE B. La population médicale de la France (présent et proche avenir). Nouv Presse Méd. 1976;1597-600. Google Scholar4. Larazin M. Hôpitaux: le plan Ralite. Journ Dimanche. 1982; 28 Nov: 4. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: RICHARD F. LEIGHTON, M.D.; GÉRARD DROBINSKI, M.D.; YVES GROSGOGEAT, M.D.Affiliations: Groupe Hospitalié Pitié—Salpetrière Paris France PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byGeomorphic Development of the Izumo Plain, Western JapanThe training of cardiologists in FranceMedical Strikes in mFranceGÉRARD DROBINSKI, M.D., DANIEL THOMAS, M.D., YVES GROSGOGEAT, M.D., RICHARD F. LEIGHTON, M.D. 1 July 1983Volume 99, Issue 1Page: 122-123KeywordsMedical education ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1983 Copyright & Permissions© 1983 American College of PhysiciansPDF downloadLoading ...
Inheritance of human α1-acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid) variants
Authors: A. Myron Johnson, Karl Schmid, Chester A. Alper
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

Although variants of sialic acid-free alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein have been described in human beings, the mode of inheritance of these types has not been reported previously. With the use of a new technique of immunofixation after agarose gel electrophoresis of neuraminidase-treated whole serum, the present study demonstrates that the types of alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein variants in family members are consistent with inheritance as autosomal traits with codominant expression. Gene frequencies have been determined for several ethnic groups. Of a total of 11 maternal-cord serum pairs, seven were discordant types, indicating that the fetus synthesizes alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein and confirming a previous report that there is no significant transplacental passage of this protein.
Preservation of faecal continence during rises in intra-abdominal pressure: is there a role for the flap valve?
Authors: J J Bannister, C Gibbons, N W Read
Journal: Gut (1987)

Studies were carried out in 15 normal subjects and 14 patients with idiopathic faecal incontinence to test whether a rectoanal flap valve could be responsible for maintaining faecal continence in man. Intraluminal pressures were recorded from the rectum and from three sites in the anal canal during serial increases in intra-abdominal pressure, produced by forced expiration into a sphygmomanometer keeping the height of the column of mercury at prescribed levels. The anal pressures in the normal volunteers always remained higher than the intrarectal pressures even when these were as high as 230 cm H2O. This pressure gradient was the reverse of that which would be found if an anterior rectal flap valve maintained continence and suggests instead that continence is normally maintained by a reflex contraction of the external anal sphincter. The anal pressures in patients with idiopathic faecal incontinence, however, fell below the rectal pressure as the intra-abdominal pressure increased, creating the conditions for a flap valve. The valve was incompetent, however, because fluid infused into the rectum leaked from the anus whenever the rectal pressure exceeded the anal pressure.