tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ciprofloxacin in sweat and antibiotic resistance
Authors: N. Høiby, H.K. Johansen, None Copenhagen Study Group on Antibiotics in Sweat, J.O. Jarløv, H. Westh, J.B. Prag, J.M. Bangsborg, C. Moser, M. Kemp, A.K. Hornsleth, H. Hansen
Journal: The Lancet (1995)
SEBORRHOEIC ECZEMA: AN ATTEMPT TO DEFINE THE SCOPE OF THE TERM
Authors: J. H. TWISTON DAVIES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1952)

Journal Article SEBORRHOEIC ECZEMA: AN ATTEMPT TO DEFINE THE SCOPE OF THE TERM Get access J. H. TWISTON DAVIES J. H. TWISTON DAVIES Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 64, Issue 6, 1 June 1952, Pages 213–224, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1952.tb15898.x Published: 01 June 1952
Natural family planning. Natural methods have cross cultural appeal.
Authors: J J Billings
Journal: BMJ (1993)

good of all, and above all, for the protection of the weak."2I submit that, no matter how appealing a marketplace model may seem for the NHS, it is a business model.As such the destruction of either purchaser or provider is eventually certain, with the barbarisation of the survivor.It is not too late for consortiums of purchasers and consortiums of providers to join forces and become one NHS again.
Doctors should expect to pay for continuing medical education, hears conference
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The medical profession needs to seize back control of continuing medical education from the drug industry, concluded doctors at a conference examining the future of postgraduate education. 

Adriane Fugh-Berman, professor at the Georgetown school of medicine in Washington, DC, told the conference that doctors tend to operate under the assumption that because they are well educated and knowledgeable in their field that they can detect bias in educational materials sponsored by industry, but that is not the case.

“There is no evidence that they are better at detecting lies;” one needs special training for that, said Dr Fugh-Berman, principal …
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
Authors: John H. Dirckx
Journal: JAMA (1993)

If your present desk dictionary is a dog-eared, coffee-stained relic that doesn't have entries for<i>hard copy, reggae</i>, or<i>Watergate</i>and thinks a<i>mouse</i>is a small rodent and nothing more, you're due for an update and an upgrade. Anyone who purchases an English dictionary in this last decade of the 20th century expects it to supply definitions not only for standard, formal English words but also for colloquialisms, slang expressions, contemporary catch phrases, and technical terms, along with authoritative data on word origins, hints as to usage and points of grammar, and basic information about noteworthy persons and places. All of this and more comes packaged in an attractive and convenient format in the third edition of<i>The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</i>. The range of material defined or explained is truly encyclopedic. Alphabetic entries in the body of the dictionary identify hundreds of persons, from Mata
THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PLAQUE VULNERABILITY IDENTIFIED BY OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY AND MICROVASCULAR DYSFUNCTION AFTER STENT IMPLANTATION
Authors: Tsuyoshi Osue, Toshiro Shinke, Hiromasa Otake, Masayuki Nakagawa, Hirotoshi Hariki, Takumi Inoue, Yu Taniguchi, Masamichi Iwasaki, Akihide Konishi, Hiroto Kinutani, Ryo Nishio, Masaru Kuroda, Ken–Ichi Hirata
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Restrictive flamenco Alleles Are Maintained in Drosophila melanogaster Population Cages, Despite the Absence of Their Endogenous gypsy Retroviral Targets
Authors: A. Pelisson, G. Payen-Groschene, C. Terzian, A. Bucheton
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

The flamenco (flam) locus, located at 20A1-3 in the centromeric heterochromatin of the Drosophila melanogaster X chromosome, is a major regulator of the gypsy/mdg4 endogenous retrovirus. In restrictive strains, functional flam alleles maintain gypsy proviruses in a repressed state. By contrast, in permissive strains, proviral amplification results from infection of the female germ line and subsequent insertions into the chromosomes of the progeny. A restrictive/permissive polymorphism prevails in natural and laboratory populations. This polymorphism was assumed to be maintained by the interplay of opposite selective forces; on one hand, the increase of genetic load caused by proviral insertions would favor restrictive flam alleles because they make flies resistant to these gypsy replicative transpositions and, on the other, a hypothetical resistance cost would select against such alleles in the absence of the retrovirus. However, the population cage data presented in this paper do not fit with this simple resistance cost hypothesis because restrictive alleles were not eliminated in the absence of functional gypsy proviruses; on the contrary, using 2 independent flam allelic pairs, the restrictive frequency rose to about 90% in every experimental population, whatever the pair of alleles and the allelic proportions in the initial inoculum. These data suggest that the flam polymorphism is maintained by some strong balancing selection, which would act either on flam itself, independently of the deleterious effect of gypsy, or on a hypothetical flanking gene, in linkage disequilibrium with flam. Alternatively, restrictive flam alleles might also be resistant to some other retroelements that would be still present in the cage populations, causing a positive selection for these alleles. Whatever selective forces that maintain high levels of restrictive alleles independently of gypsy, this unknown mechanism can set up an interesting kind of antiviral innate immunity, at the population level.
Sub-megabase resolution tiling (SMRT) array-based comparative genomic hybridization profiling reveals novel gains and losses of chromosomal regions in Hodgkin Lymphoma and Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma cell lines
Authors: Faisal M Fadlelmola, Minglong Zhou, Ronald J de Leeuw, Nirpjit S Dosanjh, Karynn Harmer, David Huntsman, Wan L Lam, Diponkar Banerjee
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2008)

Abstract Background Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (ALCL), are forms of malignant lymphoma defined by unique morphologic, immunophenotypic, genotypic, and clinical characteristics, but both overexpress CD30. We used sub-megabase resolution tiling (SMRT) array-based comparative genomic hybridization to screen HL-derived cell lines (KMH2 and L428) and ALCL cell lines (DEL and SR-786) in order to identify disease-associated gene copy number gains and losses. Results Significant copy number gains and losses were observed on several chromosomes in all four cell lines. Assessment of copy number alterations with 26,819 DNA segments identified an average of 20 genetic alterations. Of the recurrent minimally altered regions identified, 11 (55%) were within previously published regions of chromosomal alterations in HL and ALCL cell lines while 9 (45%) were novel alterations not previously reported. HL cell lines L428 and KMH2 shared gains in chromosome cytobands 2q23.1-q24.2, 7q32.2-q36.3, 9p21.3-p13.3, 12q13.13-q14.1, and losses in 13q12.13-q12.3, and 18q21.32-q23. ALCL cell lines SR-786 and DEL, showed gains in cytobands 5p15.32-p14.3, 20p12.3-q13.11, and 20q13.2-q13.32. Both pairs of HL and ALCL cell lines showed losses in 18q21.32-18q23. Conclusion This study is considered to be the first one describing HL and ALCL cell line genomes at sub-megabase resolution. This high-resolution analysis allowed us to propose novel candidate target genes that could potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of HL and ALCL. FISH was used to confirm the amplification of all three isoforms of the trypsin gene (PRSS1/PRSS2/PRSS3) in KMH2 and L428 (HL) and DEL (ALCL) cell lines. These are novel findings that have not been previously reported in the lymphoma literature, and opens up an entirely new area of research that has not been previously associated with lymphoma biology. The findings raise interesting possibilities about the role of signaling pathways triggered by membrane associated serine proteases in HL and aggressive NHL, similar to those described in epithelial tumors.
Determination of Plasma Renin Concentration by Angiotensin I Immunoassay: Diagnostic Import of Precise Measurement of Subnormal Renin in Hyperaldosteronism
Authors: J. R. STOCKIGT, R. D. COLLINS, E. G. BIGLIERI
Journal: Circulation Research (1971)

Radioimmunoassay of angiotensin I was applied to the estimation of renin concentration after incubation of human plasma with an excess of renin substrate from plasma of anephric sheep. With this method markedly subnormal plasma renin levels were accurately measured. The technique was used in the study of 18 patients with proven aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA), 5 with hyperaldosteronism associated with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, and 23 with essential hypertension.  Plasma renin concentration (PRC) was extremely low in APA, and a significantly higher mean basal level of PRC was seen in hyperplastic aldosteronism ( P    It is suggested that the prediction of a distinct APA can best be made in patients with hyperaldosteronism when the exact extent of renin suppression is taken into account and when DOCA is used to assess suppressibility of aldosterone. While such evaluation may defer surgery in some patients with correctable hypertension, it may reduce the number with persistent hypertension after bilateral adrenalectomy.
Changes in body weight and incidence of hip fracture among middle aged Norwegians
Authors: H. E Meyer, A. Tverdal, J. A Falch
Journal: BMJ (1995)

paracetamol.More than 100 different manufacturers were licensed to produce and market paracetamol elixirs at the time of this outbreak.16All seven of the eight manufacturers of brands of paracetamol found to contain diethylene glycol were small companies with little capacity for quality control which, together with 180 other small manufacturers, account for less than 10% of drug production in Bangladesh.'8This proliferation of small pharmaceutical manufacturers is also occurring in other developing countries.2"Paracetamol is on the World Health Organisation's list of essential drugs22 and is widely used in developing countries.The substitution of diethylene glycol for propylene glycol in paracetamol elixirs produced in two widely separated countries, Nigeria and Bangladesh, suggests that another such epidemic could happen elsewhere.The capacity of governments in developing countries to effectively monitor the importation, production, and sale of drugs will have to be improved if tragedies such as this are to be prevented.
Clinical Examinations in Neurology
Authors: Kenneth R. Magee
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The fifth edition of this text has become a classic. In addition to a detailed and profusely illustrated review of the neurological examination, it includes techniques of evaluation of the patient, tests of autonomic function, noninvasive studies of cerebral vascular disease, and a clinical evaluation of evoked potentials. The section on electromyography has been altered to include a discussion of the importance of single-muscle fiber testing. Fortunately, the authors have eliminated or shortened sections on tests and concepts that have become relatively obsolete; thus, the book has not significantly changed in size from previous editions. I could make a few comments on areas that I disagree with, but they are minor and subject to debate among well-qualified neurologists. I know many of the authors and thought it would be of interest to the readers of<i>JAMA</i>to emphasize that this is not what Lester King, MD, former<i>JAMA</i>book review
Effectiveness of initial treatment allocation based on expert opinion for prevention of rapid radiographic progression in daily practice of an early RA cohort
Authors: Anne Durnez, Geert Vanderschueren, Luc Lateur, René Westhovens, Patrick Verschueren
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Objectives To evaluate expert treatment selection for early rheumatoid arthritis and to validate a prediction model for rapid radiographic progression (RRP) in daily practice. Methods Patients received initial combination therapy with steroids (ICTS) or disease-modifying antirheumatic drug monotherapy (IMT) after informal evaluation of prognostic factors, followed by a tight control strategy. Changes in Sharp/van der Heijde score (total Sharp score (TSS)) of &gt;5 units over 1 year (=RRP) were documented. The mean change in TSS and proportion with RRP were compared between groups. Based on the 28 swollen joint count, rheumatoid factor titre and C reactive protein/erythrocyte sedimentation rate, patients were placed in the ASPIRE prediction matrix, yielding a RRP risk. Numbers needed to treat (NNT) intensively to avoid one RRP after 1 year were calculated. Results The mean change in TSS after 1 year and the proportion with RRP was lower in the ICTS group (n=37) than in the IMT group (n=43). The mean calculated risk of RRP was higher in patients with radiographic progression. The mean NNT intensively to prevent RRP was lower in the ICTS group than in the IMT group. The positive predictive value of NNT for RRP prevention was 12.6%, but the negative predictive value reached 100%. Conclusion ICTS seems more effective in preventing RRP than IMT. The predictive matrix model could be helpful in preventing overtreatment in practice.
Angiotensin II Type 1a Receptor Is Involved in the Occurrence of Reperfusion Arrhythmias
Authors: Koichiro Harada, Issei Komuro, Doubun Hayashi, Takeshi Sugaya, Kazuo Murakami, Yoshio Yazaki
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —A growing body of evidence has suggested that the renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in the development of cardiac hypertrophy induced by hemodynamic overload and left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. The role of the renin-angiotensin system in ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, however, has not been established. Methods and Results —To determine the role of angiotensin II (Ang II) in IR injury, we examined infarct size and arrhythmias after IR using Ang II type 1a receptor (AT1a) knockout mice. The left coronary artery was occluded for 30 minutes followed by reperfusion for 120 minutes. There were no significant differences in infarct size between wild-type and knockout mice determined by dual staining with triphenyltetrazolium chloride and Evans blue dye. The number of ventricular premature beats after reperfusion in knockout mice, however, was much less than in wild-type mice. Treatment with a selective AT1 antagonist, CV-11974, before ischemia blocked reperfusion arrhythmias in wild-type mice but had no effects on infarct size. Conclusions —Ang II may be critically involved in the induction of ventricular arrhythmias but not in the determination of infarct size after IR.
Antibiotics in acne: time for a rethink
Authors: N. Simpson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Over 10 years have passed since Anne Eady and her colleagues in Leeds demonstrated that therapeutic failure in acne may be related to bacterial resistance to antibiotics.1 The reluctance of clinicians to act on this information and to recognise the practices most likely to further this problem has led to a global increase in antibiotic resistance in P. acnes. In this issue, the Leeds group clearly show that P. acnes strains resistant to erythromycin, tetracycline, clindamycin and a variety of related antibiotics are to be found in Europe, USA, Australia and Japan.2 Through polymerase chain reaction, they demonstrate that the point mutations previously observed in the ribosomal RNA of resistant strains in the UK now occur across four continents and that the phenotypic pattern of resistance determined by MIC levels corresponds to the genomic pattern of mutation. For the first time the group have identified P. acnes with raised MIC levels to minocycline, although only in bacteria isolated from acne patients treated in the U.S.A.
Phospholipase Cγ2 Is Essential in the Functions of B Cell and Several Fc Receptors
Authors: Demin Wang, Jian Feng, Renren Wen, Jean-Christophe Marine, Mark Y. Sangster, Evan Parganas, Angelika Hoffmeyer, Carl W. Jackson, John L. Cleveland, Peter J. Murray, James N. Ihle
Journal: Immunity (2000)
Echocardiography knocking at physician's office door
Authors: Les Ichinose
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Echocardiography, a decades-old method of monitoring cardiac function by analyzing ultrasound reflections from the heart's surfaces, recently has been modernized and soon may be added to the arsenal of office diagnostic tools for coronary artery disease (CAD) because of its high reliability, low cost, and noninvasive mode, reports a Wright State University group in Dayton, Ohio. "The electrocardiogram, while a valuable test, is often suggestive rather than diagnostic," says Chandler A. Phillips, MD, an associate professor of engineering and physiology and director of the university's Biomedical Engineering Program since 1975. But with the addition to electrocardiographic techniques of an inexpensive computer easily adapted to the physician's office, for the first time accurate information on the dynamic physical changes of the left ventricular wall during the entire cardiac cycle can be obtained noninvasively, he says. Phillips and his associate, Jerrold S. Petrofsky, PhD, used a minicomputer programmed with a mathematical model
Don't call low risk lesions cancer, experts say
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Calling low risk lesions something other than cancer would be one element of a new approach to cancer screening proposed by a working group convened by the US National Cancer Institute to look into the problem of cancer overdiagnosis and overtreatment.

The group’s findings are outlined in a viewpoint published by the Journal of the American Medical Association ( JAMA ). Laura Esserman, of the University of California, San Francisco, was the article’s lead author.1

Esserman and her coauthors noted that over the past 30 years, the goal of cancer screening had been to reduce the rate of cancer deaths by diagnosing the disease early. However, …
Examination of Sputum Cells
Authors: Sanford Chodosh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

THE practice of medicine still depends on an element of clinical sense that is part of what, for lack of a better term, we call the art of medicine; each addition of precise objective observation to our armamentarium further hones the edge of our diagnostic abilities. In patients with sputum production as part of a disease, one can glean information pertinent to the abnormality through the intelligent examination of this material. The presence of sputum always implies some abnormal process of the bronchopulmonary system, and the cellular and noncellular components reflect the pathologic process. Certain technics are commonly used, and . . .
Syringe mix-up led to brain damage and a possible 24m payout
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A 13 year old girl left with serious brain damage after her right internal carotid artery was mistakenly injected with glue in a mix-up over unlabelled syringes has received what will be one of the biggest medical negligence settlements in the history of the NHS in England if she lives into her 60s.

Maisha Najeeb, aged 10 at the time, was undergoing angiography and embolisation treatment for …
Prevalence and predictors of fragility fractures in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Yee Cs, Crabtree N, Skan J, Amft N, Bowman S, Situnayake D, Gordon C
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Objective:</b> To establish the prevalence of reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and fractures, and risk factors for fractures, in a cross sectional study of a large cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). <b>Methods:</b> All SLE patients willing to take part in the study had bone densitometry in 1999/2000 and completed a questionnaire on risk factors for osteoporosis and on drugs used. Accumulated damage was scored using the SLICC/ACR damage index (SDI). Only fractures occurring since the onset of SLE and unrelated to trauma were included, and the SDI score was modified to exclude osteoporotic fractures. Statistical analysis was by χ<sup>2</sup> test, Fisher's exact test, and binary logistic regression. <b>Results:</b> 242 patients were studied, median age 39.9 years (range 18 to 80), median disease duration 7.0 years (range 0 to 42). Of these, 123 (50.8%) had reduced BMD (T score &lt;−1.0) and 25 (10.3%) were in the osteoporotic range (T score &lt;–2.5). Fragility fractures had occurred in 22 patients (9.1%) since diagnosis of SLE. Of these, two (9.1%) had normal BMD and 20 (90.9%) had reduced BMD, while seven (31.8%) were within the osteoporotic range. Non-Afro-Caribbean race and exposure to prednisolone &gt;10 mg daily were significantly associated with reduced BMD, while age and menopause were associated with osteoporosis. The risk factors for fractures were reduced BMD and age. <b>Conclusions:</b> Reduced BMD, osteoporosis, and fragility fractures appear to be prevalent in patients with SLE. Steroids were not an independent risk factor for fractures, although their effect could be mediated through reduced bone mineral density.
Role of recurrent oral candidiasis associated with lingua plicata in the Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome
Authors: M. Miyashita, S. Baba, H. Suzuki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Role of recurrent oral candidiasis associated with lingua plicata in the Melkersson‐Rosenthal syndrome Get access M. Miyashita, M. Miyashita Department of Dermatology Surugadai Nihon University Hospital, 1‐8‐13 Surugadai, Kanda, Chiyoda‐ku, Tokyo 101, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Baba, S. Baba Department of Dermatology Surugadai Nihon University Hospital, 1‐8‐13 Surugadai, Kanda, Chiyoda‐ku, Tokyo 101, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Suzuki H. Suzuki Department of Dermatology Surugadai Nihon University Hospital, 1‐8‐13 Surugadai, Kanda, Chiyoda‐ku, Tokyo 101, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 132, Issue 2, 1 February 1995, Pages 311–312, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb05035.x Published: 01 February 1995
P2-248: What is the standard platinium-derivative based-chemotherapy for advanced or metastatic NSCLC: a 10-years trial comparing cisplatin (C) and carboplatin (Ca) in combination with gemcitabine (G)
Authors: Susana Clemente, Pedro Barradas, Paula Alves, Margarida Cristóvão, Agostinho Costa, Maria J. Melo
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Report demands better protection for people in research trials
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A report recommending better protection for participants in clinical research was published in the United States last week.

The report, from the Institute of Medicine, recommends the creation of a human research participant protection programme, which would, in effect, replace the existing institutional review boards. It also recommends improving the informed consent process, collecting data nationally on the adverse events that occur in clinical studies, and compensating research participants who are injured.

The report had its genesis in a Department of Health and Human Services' request that the institute, which advises the …
Oriental Medicine: An Illustrated Guide to the Asian Arts of Healing
Authors: M. Chan
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Ed Jan Van Alphen, Anthony Aris Serindia Publications, £39.50, pp 271 ISBN 0 906026 36 9

Today, most doctors trained in the West are aware of systems of complementary medicine that have become popular in Britain in the past two decades. Some treatments, such as acupuncture, are now accepted and used by mainstream doctors. This has led to the establishment of Western and traditional schools of acupuncture in the United Kingdom. In controlled studies in England herbs prescribed by traditional Chinese medical practitioners were found to be more effective than steroids in managing chronic eczema. Drug resistant falciparum …