tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The ventral stream offers more affordance and the dorsal stream more memory than believed
Authors: Albert Postma, Rob van der Lubbe, Sander Zuidhoek
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Opposed to Norman's proposal, processing of affordance is likely to occur not solely in the dorsal stream but also in the ventral stream. Moreover, the dorsal stream might do more than just serve an important role in motor actions. It supports egocentric location coding as well. As such, it would possess a form of representational memory, contrary to Norman's proposal.
Life-Threatening Flecainide Toxicity
Authors: MITCHELL KARL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1987Life-Threatening Flecainide ToxicityMITCHELL KARL, M.D.MITCHELL KARL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-107-5-780_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Although the article on life-threatening flecainide toxicity (1) was interesting and informative, there are several issues related to the case presentation that deserve comment.The 28-year-old patient had a mixed drug overdose and was hypotensive with an initial electrocardiogram showing a regular ventricular tachycardia with a rate in excess of 150 beats/min. I believe the initial management should have included an attempt at cardioversion. This patient was hemodynamically unstable and there was every reason to believe that the rapid ventricular arrhythmia was at least partially responsible. Once the rhythm deteriorated to what appeared to be torsade de...References1. WINKELMANNLEINBERGER BH. Life-threatening flecainide toxicity: a pharmacodynamic approach. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:807-14. LinkGoogle Scholar2. JACKMANCLARKFRIDAYALIOTANDERSONLAZZARA WMKEJR. Ventricular tachyarrhythmias in the long QT syndromes. Med Clin North Am. 1984;68:1079-109. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. KERENTZIVONIGAVISH ADD. Etiology, warning signs and therapy of torsades de pointes: a study of 10 patients. Circulation. 1981;64:1167-74 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. LUDOMIRSKYKLEINSARELLI AHP. Q-T prolongation and polymorphous "Torsade de Pointes" ventricular arrhythmias associated with organ ophosphorous insecticide poisoning. Am J Cardiol. 1982;49:1654-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. WINKELMANLEINBERGER BH. Life-threatening flecainide toxicity: a pharmacodynamic approach. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:807-14. LinkGoogle Scholar2. SMITHGALLAGHER WJ. "Les torsades de pointes": an unusual ventricular arrhythmia. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:578-84. LinkGoogle Scholar3. HUSTLOELLGENNITSCHEBONZELWEHRLEJUST HHKTHH. "Torsades de pointes": Ursachen, Klinik und Therapie anhand von 9 eigenen und 211 Faellen aus der Literatur. Cardiology. 1983;70(suppl 1):28-36. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. HANASHIROWILSON PJ. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Med Clin North Am. 1986:70:729-47. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY 10467 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByDie Parteienfinanzierung 1 November 1987Volume 107, Issue 5Page: 780-780KeywordsAddictionArrhythmiaElectrocardiographyToxicityVentricular tachycardia Issue Published: 1 November 1987 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Recombinant human soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor fusion protein as treatment for steroid refractory graft‐versus‐host disease following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Alessandro Busca, Franco Locatelli, Filippo Marmont, Cristina Ceretto, Michele Falda
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract Etanercept is a recombinant human soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α) receptor fusion protein that inhibits TNF‐α, a major mediator in the pathogenesis of graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD). The purpose of our study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of etanercept therapy in 21 patients with steroid‐refractory acute GVHD (aGVHD) ( n = 13) and chronic GVHD (cGVHD) ( n = 8). Etanercept 25 mg was given subcutaneously twice weekly for 4 weeks followed by 25 mg weekly for 4 weeks. At the time of initiation of etanercept, 14 patients had skin, 13 had gastro‐intestinal, 5 had liver, 5 had pulmonary, and 4 had oral involvement. Twelve patients (57%) completed 12 doses of therapy. Overall, 11 of 21 patients (52%) responded to the treatment with etanercept, including 6 patients (46%) with aGVHD [ n = 4 complete response (CR), n = 2 partial response (PR)] and 5 patients (62%) with cGVHD ( n = 1 CR, n = 4 PR). Clinical responses were most commonly seen in patients with refractory gut aGVHD with 55% of the patients having a CR and 9% having a PR. CMV reactivation occurred in 48% of patients, bacterial infections in 14% of patients, and fungal infections in 19% of patients. Fourteen patients (67%) were alive after a median follow‐up of 429 days (range 71–1007 days) since initiation of etanercept. Seven patients died, 3 of infections, 2 of refractory aGVHD, and 2 of disease progression. In conclusion, our preliminary data indicate that etanercept is well tolerated and can induce a high response rate in patients with steroid‐refractory aGVHD and cGVHD, particularly in the setting of GI involvement. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DURAN-REYNALS "SPREADING FACTOR"
Authors: Karl Meyer
Journal: JAMA (1941)

To the Editor:—  The editorial on Duran-Reynals spreading factor (The Journal, September 27, p. 1099) might be misleading in regard to the history of this subject.  The mucopolysaccharide of vitreous humor was isolated and characterized by Meyer and Palmer in 1936 (J. Biol. Chem.114:689 [July] 1936) and called hyaluronic acid. The mucopolysaccharide of synovial fluid likewise was isolated and characterized as hyaluronic acid in my laboratory (Science88:129 [Aug. 5] 1938;J. Biol. Chem.128:319 [April] 1939).  Enzymes of bacterial and animal origin, which hydrolyzed specifically hyaluronic acid and depolymerized viscous fluids containing hyaluronic acid as their viscous components, were also first demonstrated by us before the correlation between spreading factor and hyaluronidase was recognized by Chain and Duthie in their remarkable paper (Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med.34:816 [June] 1936;J. Biol. Chem.118:71 [March] 1937;J. Exper. Med.71:137 [Feb.]
Global Cancer Statistics, 2002
Authors: D. M. Parkin, F. Bray, J. Ferlay, P. Pisani
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2005)

Estimates of the worldwide incidence, mortality and prevalence of 26 cancers in the year 2002 are now available in the GLOBOCAN series of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The results are presented here in summary form, including the geographic variation between 20 large "areas" of the world. Overall, there were 10.9 million new cases, 6.7 million deaths, and 24.6 million persons alive with cancer (within three years of diagnosis). The most commonly diagnosed cancers are lung (1.35 million), breast (1.15 million), and colorectal (1 million); the most common causes of cancer death are lung cancer (1.18 million deaths), stomach cancer (700,000 deaths), and liver cancer (598,000 deaths). The most prevalent cancer in the world is breast cancer (4.4 million survivors up to 5 years following diagnosis). There are striking variations in the risk of different cancers by geographic area. Most of the international variation is due to exposure to known or suspected risk factors related to lifestyle or environment, and provides a clear challenge to prevention.
Hemoglobin Yakima: I. Clinical and Biochemical Studies*
Authors: Richard T. Jones, Edwin E. Osgood, Bernadine Brimhall, Robert D. Koler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

Three members of a family who have erythrocytosis and a new hemoglobin, designated hemoglobin Yakima, are described. The abnormal hemoglobin is characterized by the substitution of histidine for aspartic acid at residue 99 in the beta-chain. Of three possible structure-function relations which would account for the increased oxygen affinity of hemoglobin Yakima, only two seem likely. These are: (a) an intrachain shift in the normal relations between the F and G helices and the heme group, or (b) an effect of the substituted side chain at a region of contact between nonpolar residues of the alpha- and beta-chains which favors the oxyhemoglobin quarternary structure.
Research Seeks to Reduce Toll of Hypertension, Other Cardiovascular Diseases in Black Population
Authors: Timothy F. Kirn
Journal: JAMA (1989)

THE PROBLEM OF hypertension in this country's black population is well known, well documented, and well publicized. Hypertension afflicts 28% of adult blacks, compared with 17% of adult whites. Most researchers say that blacks tend to develop high blood pressure at a younger age than whites, and severe hypertension is five times more common in blacks (<i>JAMA</i>1977; 237:2385-2391). The morbidity and mortality of hypertension in blacks is more than distressing. This country has a "stroke belt," running roughly from the eastern border of Texas to the Georgia coast, south of the Mason-Dixon line, where overall stroke mortality is higher than anywhere else. The black population accounts almost totally for the excess. According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Md, blacks have a stroke mortality rate 66% higher than whites. Black people also have abnormally high rates of ischemic heart disease and renal disease. That inordinate morbidity
Comment on: Satoh-Asahara et al. Highly Purified Eicosapentaenoic Acid Increases Interleukin-10 Levels of Peripheral Blood Monocytes in Obese Patients With Dyslipidemia. Diabetes Care 2012;35:2631–2639
Authors: Katsunori Nonogaki
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Satoh-Asahara et al. (1) recently reported that treatment with purified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 1.8 g daily) for 3 months increases the serum EPA/arachidonic acid (AA) ratio and interleukin-10 levels of peripheral blood monocytes in association with slight decreases in the pulse wave velocity, an index of arterial stiffness, in obese patients with dyslipidemia. Pulse wave velocity values before treatment with or without EPA were almost within the age-associated normal range (around the age-associated healthy average + 1 SD) in these Japanese subjects. The clinical value of treatment with purified EPA for the primary prevention of atherosclerosis and/or cardiovascular disease, however, remains uncertain. …
Rab proteins mediate Golgi transport of caveola-internalized glycosphingolipids and correct lipid trafficking in Niemann-Pick C cells
Authors: Amit Choudhury, Michel Dominguez, Vishwajeet Puri, Deepak K. Sharma, Keishi Narita, Christine L. Wheatley, David L. Marks, Richard E. Pagano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

We recently showed that human skin fibroblasts internalize fluorescent analogues of the glycosphingolipids lactosylceramide and globoside almost exclusively by a clathrin-independent mechanism involving caveolae. In contrast, a sphingomyelin analogue is internalized approximately equally via clathrin-dependent and caveolar routes. Here, we further characterized the caveolar pathway for glycosphingolipids, showing that Golgi targeting of sphingolipids internalized via caveolae required microtubules and phosphoinositol 3-kinases and was inhibited in cells expressing dominant-negative Rab7 and Rab9 constructs. In addition, overexpression of wild-type Rab7 or Rab9 (but not Rab11) in Niemann-Pick type C (NP-C) lipid storage disease fibroblasts resulted in correction of lipid trafficking defects, including restoration of Golgi targeting of fluorescent lactosylceramide and endogenous GM(1) ganglioside, and a dramatic reduction in intracellular cholesterol stores. Our results demonstrate a role for Rab7 and Rab9 in the Golgi targeting of glycosphingolipids and suggest a new therapeutic approach for restoring normal lipid trafficking in NP-C cells.
Russell Ross, PhD
Authors: James T. Willerson, Mark W. Majesky, Valentin Fuster
Journal: Circulation (2001)

on March 18, 1999 at the age of 69.Dr Ross will be remembered for his extraordinary contributions to the biology of atherosclerosis and especially for his contributions to the Response-to-Injury Hypothesis that helped to focus scientific research on specific mechanisms involved in the development of atherosclerosis.As early as 1973, Dr Ross and his colleagues proposed that localized injury to the lining of the arterial wall was responsible for the accumulation of smooth muscle cells within the wall of the artery that increase the neointima, thus narrowing the lumen of the artery.In 1974, Ross and his colleagues identified platelet-derived growth factor, which stimulates the abnormal smooth muscle cell growth and migration of smooth muscle cells into the intima of arterial lesions.Subsequently, researchers found the same factor in cancer cells and cells that repair wounds.Dr Ross and his colleagues also established the role of macrophages in atherosclerosis; these scavenger cells engulf toxins and fat and themselves secrete growth factors, including platelet derived growth factor.In 1991, Dr Ross and his colleagues demonstrated that antibodies to the platelet-derived growth factor attenuated the process of smooth muscle cell accumulation after interventional injury to arteries in experimental animals, thereby reducing the severity of the "restenosis" lesion that otherwise occurs.
Edward Hamilton Paterson
Authors: A. Paterson
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The diagnosis of occupational asthma can be made by exposing workers to the relevant agent either in a hospital laboratory through specific inhalation challenges (SICs) or in the workplace. As suggested by several authors, workers with negative laboratory SIC can be monitored at the workplace under supervision. The present study aims to assess the frequency of, and identify factors associated with, a positive workplace reaction in workers with negative SIC in the laboratory. The results of workplace challenges were examined in 99 workers who underwent negative SIC between 1994 and 2004. A positive reaction either in the SIC or in the workplace was defined as a sustained fall in forced expiratory volume in one second of ≥20%. In total, 22 (22.2%) workers showed positive responses at the workplace. These subjects more often had increased baseline methacholine responsiveness (90.5 <i>versus</i> 67.6%). They also underwent more days of SIC testing (4.9 <i>versus</i> 3.3 days) and were exposed more often to two or more agents (56 <i>versus</i> 28.4%) and for a longer period of time (363.3 <i>versus</i> 220.4 min) in the laboratory. The present study illustrates the usefulness of workplace monitoring of airway function in the investigation of occupational asthma and identifies factors that are more often associated with a positive reaction.
Book Review Walsh and Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology Sixth edition. Edited by Neil R. Miller, Nancy J. Newman, Valérie Biousse, and John B. Kerrison. 3573 pp., plus index, in three volumes, illustrated. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins, 2005. $699. 0-7817-4814-3
Authors: Michael S. Lee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)
Mullerian Adenosarcoma and Early Pregnancy
Authors: K F Izban, S Gooneratne
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Figure 1. A 34-year-old mother of two children had had menometrorrhagia, lethargy, and episodic abdominal pain for several months. A trial of oral contraceptives provided no relief. Dilation and curettage was performed; staining of the tissue with hematoxylin and eosin demonstrated mullerian adenosarcoma (Panel A, ×20). One month later, the patient was admitted for a total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and a staging procedure. Preoperative testing revealed an elevated serum level of the β subunit of chorionic gonadotropin, which is indicative of early pregnancy. After a consultation during which possible options were explained, the patient decided to proceed with the . . .
Effect of Atherosclerosis on Endothelium-Dependent Inhibition of Platelet Activation in Humans
Authors: Jean G. Diodati, Nader Dakak, David M. Gilligan, Arshed A. Quyyumi
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —We investigated whether luminal release of nitric oxide (NO) contributes to inhibition of platelet activation and whether these effects are reduced in patients with atherosclerosis. Methods and Results —Femoral blood flow velocity and ex vivo whole blood platelet aggregation by impedance aggregometry were measured in femoral venous blood during femoral arterial infusion of acetylcholine (ACh; 30 μg/min) in 30 patients, 19 of whom had angiographic atherosclerosis. Measurements were repeated with sodium nitroprusside (40 μg/min), l -arginine (160 μmol/min), and N G -monomethyl- l -arginine (L-NMMA; 16 μmol/min). There was significant inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation with ACh (45±9.5% lower, P &lt;0.001), and this inhibition was greater in patients without atherosclerosis (68.7±10.4% reduction) than in those with atherosclerosis (32.5±8.1%, P =0.04). The magnitude of inhibition correlated with vasodilation with ACh, indicating an association between the smooth muscle and antiplatelet effects of endothelium-dependent stimulation. Neither L-NMMA nor sodium nitroprusside altered platelet aggregation. l -Arginine inhibited platelet aggregation equally in vitro (34±8% reduction, P &lt;0.01) and in vivo (37±13% reduction, P &lt;0.01). Conclusions —Stimulation of NO release into the vascular lumen with ACh inhibits platelet aggregation, an effect that is attenuated in patients with atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction. Basal NO release does not appear to contribute to platelet passivation in vivo. l -Arginine inhibited platelet aggregation by its direct action on platelets. These findings provide a pathophysiological basis for the observed increase in thrombotic events in atherosclerosis. Use of l -arginine and other strategies to improve endothelial NO activity may impact favorably on thrombotic events in atherosclerosis.
Cardiovascular Responses in Experimentally Induced Alterations of Affect
Authors: MORTON D. BOGDONOFF, JOSEPH J. COMBS, GERALD D. N. BRYANT, JAMES V. WARREN
Journal: Circulation (1959)

Although alterations in emotional arousal have long been associated with changes in cardiovascular dynamics, the precise quantitative relationship has not been fully detailed. Independent assessment of the emotional change was felt to be a necessary component of a quantitatively oriented study. The variously described responses for "anxiety" and "anger" might better be re-explored in such a manner. The emotional arousal was experimentally produced in the laboratory. Measures of pulse, arterial blood pressure, and cardiac output were conducted both before and during the change in affect evoked by the laboratory stimulus.
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 Protects Prostate Cancer Cells from Stress-Induced Apoptosis via Both Smad and c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase Pathways
Authors: Shangxin Yang, Minyoung Lim, Linda K. Pham, Stephen E. Kendall, A. Hari Reddi, Dario C. Altieri, Pradip Roy-Burman
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract We reported earlier that exposure to exogenous bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) could strongly inhibit serum starvation–induced apoptosis to C4-2B cell line, a variant of the LNCaP human prostate cancer cell line with propensity for bone metastasis. Whereas serum starvation suppressed the expression of survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, its expression was sustained in the presence of BMP7. In this study, we present evidence that BMP7 exposure up-regulated survivin promoter activity, an effect that was associated with activation of Smad, and could be repressed by dominant-negative Smad5. Additionally, serum starvation–induced suppression of c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) activity in C4-2B cells could be mostly restored by BMP7, and a JNK inhibitor could counteract the antiapoptotic effect of BMP7, without a significant effect on the level of survivin expression. Thus, we identified JNK pathway as another signaling mode for the antiapoptotic function of BMP7. To test the effect of endogenous up-regulation of BMP7, we genetically modulated the C4-2B cell line to overexpress BMP7 protein. Not only was this altered cell line resistant to serum starvation–induced apoptosis but it also exhibited patterns of Smad activation, survivin up-regulation, and JNK activation similar to those of the parental C4-2B cells exposed to exogenous BMP7. Consistent with these in vitro findings of BMP7 action, we acquired correlative results of Smad activation, survivin expression, and JNK activation in the progression of prostate cancer in the conditional Pten deletion mouse model, in which we first obtained the evidence of BMP7 overexpression. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(8): 4285-90)
Childhood Morbidity and Mortality in Newcastle-upon-Tyne
Authors: F. J. W. Miller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

IN May, 1949, Dr. James C. Spence,1 my friend and the man whose enthusiasm and humanity determined my own medical interests, delivered the thirty-seventh Cutter Lecture in Preventive Medicine in the School of Public Health in this university, I think in this room, and certainly in the presence of 2 or 3 senior members here today. Choosing as his title "Family Studies in Preventive Medicine," he reviewed the methodology of family studies, described the beginning of the "Thousand Family Study" in Newcastle and presented examples from the data of the first year to show how we were learning to think . . .
A NEWER CONCEPTION OF NUTRITION
Authors: WILLIAM WESTON
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Clemenceau, in his savage arraignment of medieval Christianity and the intolerance of theologians of that period in one of the brilliant chapters of his book  the Evening of My Thought, pays science a worthy tribute. He writes: Science has made doubt reputable. It is difficult fully to comprehend this tribute from a man like the Old Tiger; although a devoted disciple of science, in several distinct branches he was constantly at war with scientists and at no time during his long and tempestuous life could it be truthfully said that he had been affected by its spirit as to either patience or tolerance.  In what I present here I must assume that in the study of scientific subjects the spirit of science has not failed to be imbibed and absorbed, because a part of what I shall say will be devoted to a brief analysis and criticism of some
Efficacy of 5 MU of interferon in combination with ribavirin for naı̈ve patients with chronic hepatitis C virus: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Alessandra Mangia, Maria Rosaria Villani, Nicola Minerva, Gioacchino Leandro, Donato Bacca, Marina Cela, Vito Carretta, Vito Attino, Francesco Ventrella, Antonio Giangaspero, Angelo Andriulli
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)