tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Americans are living longer, but obesity and diabetes are rising
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Life expectancy at birth in the United States rose from 76.8 years in 2000 to 77.9 in 2009, an annual review of the health of Americans states. However, white people continue to outlive black people, though this gap has narrowed since 1990. In 2009 the average life expectancy of black men was six years less than that of white men, while black women lived four years less …
Letter: Muscle cramps during maintenance hemodialysis.
Authors: W K Stewart, L W Fleming
Journal: BMJ (1973)

cord blood and from venous samples on days 4 and 7 in infants born after surgical induction of labour and intravenous oxytocin infusion.A control group of neonates was also studied.Haemolytic disease was ex- cluded in all infants by appropriate investi- gation.The mean birth weight, gestational age, incidence of operative delivery, and breast-feeding on discharge was similar in both groups.The results are summarized in the table.Mean Biliburin in mg/100 ml 4-S.E.M. Cord Dav 4 Day 7 Oxvtocin Group 2-308 5-285 3-69 N = 13 + 0 233 + 0 _94 + 0.91 Control Group 2 507 5-35 3 50 N = 14 + 0 277 + 0-8 ±0560The mean total bilirubin in cord blood was lower in neonates delivered after oxytocin-induced labours, but this difference was not statistically significant.No difference between mean bilirubin levels on days 4 and 7 was apparent.Furthermore, we could find no correlation between the total dose of oxytocin infused and neonatal bilirubin levels.Though the results of our study are in conflict with the authors' findings, we would endorse their view that any possible asso- ciation between maternal oxytocin infusion and neonatal jaundice should be viewed in the proper perspective, and a small rise in bilirubin level is unlikely to be of importance in a healthy term baby of normal birth weight.-Weare, etc.,
Abstract P4-07-08: High Level of Nuclear S100P Is Associated with Poor Survival in Early Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: A Maciejczyk, A Lacko, M Ekiert, A Halon, R Matkowski, P. Surowiak
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: S100P — low molecule acidic protein, which belong to the EF-hand superfamily of calcium binding proteins has been shown to be involved in processes of proliferation, survival, angiognesis and metastasis in various human malignancies. In breast cancer S100P expression is associated with immortalization of neoplastic cells, progression and aggressive tumor behaviour indicating that this protein may have prognostic value. Several studies also revealed relationship between S100P level and resistance to cytotoxic drugs, however these observations are conflicting. Materials and methods: We analyzed nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of S100P in 85 stage II breast cancer (BC) patients with 17 years follow up. Immunohistochemical (IHC) reactions were performed on paraffin sections of primary tumours, using monoclonal antibodies against S100P. Semi-quantitative scale of ImmunoReactive Score (IRS) was applied (score 1-12) to evaluate the S100P expression level. Results were correlated with clinical and pathologic data. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the survival probabilities. Results: IHC staining for S100P was predominantly nuclear (S100Pn). Of the 85 specimens evaluated, 23 (27,0%) were not stained, 35 (41,2%) exhibit borderline or weak expression (IRS: 1-4) and 27 (31,8%) strong expression (IRS: 6-12). Patients with strong S100Pn expression had significantly lower overall survival (OS) (P&amp;lt;0,00001) and disease free survival (DFS) (p = 0,00002). Cytoplasmic S100P (S100Pc) expression did not appear to impact prognosis. When stratifying for lymph node status, S100Pn was a significant prognostic factor only in node-positive (N/+/) group and had borderline significance in N/-/(p =0,05777 and p=0,04105, for DFS and OS respectively). In contrast to other studies we did not find statistically significant correlation between S100P expression and tumor variables such as: lymph node involvement, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER-2 status. Discussion (albo Conclusion): We demonstrated that high S100Pn expression level is associated with poor survival in early stage BC patients. Since preliminary data indicate that expression of S100P is up-regulated by activation of glucocorticoid receptor and other agents have potential to activate or inhibit S100P promoter activity, this protein may become a therapy target and warrants further studies with respect to its prognostic, predictive and potentially therapeutic value. Key words: breast cancer, prognostic biomarker, S100P Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-07-08.
Points from Letters: Health Centres
Authors: N. S. Barnett
Journal: BMJ (1965)

The entrant's share is low while he absorbs the intricacies of an established practice, theoretically leaning heavily for advice, etc., on his senior.How often does this work out ?Is the long and slow climb to parity necessary ?The prolonged discrepancies between share and work load all too commonly cause bad feeling and bitterness.Finally, is it not sad that any young man, proud of his heritage, product of a Scottish medical school, deems it necessary to leave his parents, friends, and familiar way of life and travel thousands of miles in the hope of making things better for himself and his family to a country of which, apart from the little he has learned from letters and journals, he knows nothing at all ?-I am, etc.,
Cross-Talk between Estrogen Receptor and Growth Factor Pathways as a Molecular Target for Overcoming Endocrine Resistance
Authors: Rachel Schiff, Suleiman A. Massarweh, Jiang Shou, Lavina Bharwani, Syed K. Mohsin, C. Kent Osborne
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Introduced more than 100 years ago, endocrine therapy is still the most important systemic therapy for all stages of estrogen receptor (ER) -positive breast tumors. A major clinical problem limiting the usefulness of this therapy is tumor resistance, either de novo or acquired during the course of the treatment. Relatively new discoveries emphasize the complexity of ER signaling and its multiple regulatory interactions with growth factor and other kinase signaling pathways. Both genomic (nuclear) and nongenomic (membrane and cytoplasmic) ER activities contribute to this intimate cross-talk, which is probably a fundamental factor in endocrine resistance. New targeted therapies, especially against the epidermal growth factor receptor/HER-2 pathway, should be carefully evaluated in more (bio)logical strategies to enable them to be exploited appropriately. A strategy of combining endocrine therapy (particularly tamoxifen) with these inhibitors, to circumvent de novo and acquired resistance, will be discussed. We will also emphasize open questions and future challenges in the dynamic research field of molecular ER biology from the endocrine therapy perspective.
Christian Scientists and Claim Cases
Authors: DeWitt John
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Your Nov 10, 1962, issue (<i>JAMA</i><b>182</b>:655) contained an excerpt from an article entitled, "Claim Cases by Christian Scientists," by I. H. Rubenstein, which left a very misleading impression. It is true that neglect of an injury or illness resulting in aggravation of the condition will make unlikely or preclude recovery, under workmen's compensation acts or occupational disease statutes, of benefits or damages in legal proceedings. But it is grossly incorrect and misleading to suggest, as did this excerpt, that the courts hold reliance on Christian Science treatment to constitute neglect or unreasonable refusal to submit to proper treatment. The Rubenstein view regarding personal injury cases where Christian Scientists are seeking damages apparently was drawn from a few outdated court cases. Some were decided before Christian Science as a system of healing was widely known. The deductions arrived at from others were so slanted as to
Absence of gamma interferon and interleukin 2 production during active visceral leishmaniasis.
Authors: E M Carvalho, R Badaró, S G Reed, T C Jones, W D Johnson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

The lymphocytes from eight patients with active visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a disease associated with marked immunologic dysfunction, were examined for ability to produce interleukin 2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon during in vitro cultivation. It was found that both IL-2 and gamma interferon production, in response to leishmania antigen, was absent during the active disease, but was restored after successful chemotherapy. Untreated VL patients produced IL-2 and gamma interferon when stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Six patients with either active cutaneous or mucosal leishmaniasis, a disease not associated with immunosuppression, showed high levels of gamma interferon in response to leishmania antigen and PHA. Since IL-2 and gamma interferon have been shown to have important roles in the immune response and in the killing of leishmania, their absence may represent a key defect in the immune response in VL.
Voluntary organisations: from Cinderella to white knight?
Authors: I. K Crombie
Journal: BMJ (2000)

General practice p 419 

For much of our history medical care was delivered by religious organisations or philanthropic individuals and institutions.1 Immediately before the second world war the prestigious forerunners of Britain's present day teaching hospitals were financed by charitable contributions. The advent of the NHS displaced voluntary organisations from organised health care. Such organisations have not withered, however, but have prospered: half of the current national organisations have been started over the past 20 years.2 Now, after many years in official wilderness, voluntary organisations are back on the political agenda, their potential contribution having been highlighted in recent white papers on the future of health care.3–4 The cynic might quibble that there is no formal strategy to increase the role of voluntary organisations and that no financial support has been earmarked to achieve this. But this does not deflect attention away from the real question: why should voluntary organisations be attracting this level of interest now? …
Abstract 2480: Ubiquitination of p53 by Trim39
Authors: Liguo Zhang, Chen Chen, Naijia Huang, Wanli Tang, Sally Kornbluth
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Trim39 is a RING domain-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase able to directly inhibit the anaphase promoting complex (APC/C). Through analysis of Trim39 function in p53-positive and p53-negative cells we have found, surprisingly, that p53-positive cells lacking Trim39 could not traverse the G1/S transition. This effect did not result from dis-inhibition of the APC/C. Moreover, while Trim39 loss inhibited etoposide-induced apoptosis in p53-negative cells, apoptosis was enhanced by Trim39 knock-down in p53-positive cells. Furthermore, we show here that the Trim39 can directly bind and ubiquitylate p53 in vitro and in vivo, leading to p53 degradation. Depletion of Trim39 significantly increased p53 protein levels and cell growth retardation in multiple cell lines. We found that the relative importance of Trim39 and the well-characterized p53-directed E3 ligase, MDM2, varied between cell types. In cells that were relatively insensitive to the MDM2 inhibitor, nutlin-3a, apoptosis could be markedly enhanced by siRNA directed against Trim39. As such, Trim39 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in tumors with wild type p53 when MDM2 inhibition is insufficient to elevate p53 levels and apoptosis. Citation Format: Liguo Zhang, Chen Chen, Naijia Huang, Wanli Tang, Sally Kornbluth. Ubiquitination of p53 by Trim39. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2480. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2480
Evaluation of transmitral pressure gradients at different heart rates: divergent action of isoprenaline and atropine
Authors: P. Carmeliet, A. Aubert, F. V. d. Werf, H. D. Geest
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

Study objective – The aim was to record diastolic transmitral pressure gradients at high sensitivity to quantitate the effect on transmitral pressure gradients of changing the heart rate. Design – Diastolic left atrial and left ventricular pressures were recorded at high sensitivity (40 mm Hg = 10 mm recorded deflection) in control conditions (heart rate 70 beats·min−1) and after intravenous administration of atropine or isoprenaline (heart rate 110 beats·min−1). A special ventricular extrasystole protocol enabled the zero level of the transmitral pressure gradients to be unequivocally determined at high heart rates. The effect of atropine and isoprenaline on the pressure gradients, absolute diastolic pressures, and diastolic time intervals was investigated. Experimental material – 16 mongrel dogs, 16–25 kg, were used. Measurements and results – Below a heart rate of 110 beats·min−1, four distinct periods were identified, during which a pressure gradient existed. During early and late diastole, a positive pressure gradient was consistently followed by a negative pressure gradient. Mean negative pressure gradient during early diastole correlated with the pressure difference of rapid filling wave (r = 0.72, p<0.0l) and with mean positive pressure gradient during early diastole (r = 0.66, p<0.0l). At a heart rate of 110 beats·min−1, isoprenaline augmented, while atropine reduced, the mean positive pressure gradient during early diastole without affecting the time interval over which the gradient occurred. This divergent action of the two drugs was related to their different effects on the decay of left ventricular pressure, which fell faster and deeper with isoprenaline but not with atropine. Both drugs shortened the time interval of the negative pressure gradient in early diastole without significantly affecting the mean negative pressure gradient during this period. In late diastole, atropine augmented the mean positive pressure gradient more than isoprenaline, reflecting the higher afterload after administration of atropine. Neither drug affected the time interval of the positive pressure gradient. As a result of a shortening of the P-R interval, isoprenaline shortened the time interval of the negative pressure gradient and reduced its mean value. Such an effect was not observed with the dose of atropine used. Conclusions – We conclude that a pressure gradient reversal in early diastole is always observed below a heart rate of 110 beats·min−1 and that isoprenaline and atropine affect the pattern of transmitral pressure gradients in a different way.
Lithium Carbonate, Haloperidol, and Irreversible Brain Damage
Authors: Wendy J. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Four acutely agitated patients with diagnoses of mania were treated with a combined regimen of lithium carbonate and high doses of haloperidol—a form of therapy that had been used previously in Metropolitan Hospital without reported adverse effects. In these four, severe encephalopathic syndromes developed. Symptoms consisted of lethargy, fever, tremulousness, confusion, and extrapyramidal and cerebellar dysfunction, accompanied by leukocytosis and elevated levels of serum enzymes, blood urea nitrogen, and fasting blood glucose. Two patients suffered widespread, devastating, irreversible brain damage. Two others were left with persistent dyskinesias. Causal factors have not been identified. (<i>JAMA</i>230:1283-1287, 1974)
Modernizing the Management of the Air Force Medical Service
Authors: H. M. C. Luykx
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The US Air Force has successfully applied electronic data-processing to one phase of the management of its system of hospitals. Records of more than 400,000 patients from 216 hospitals and dispensaries throughout the world are processed yearly. For each inpatient, a one-page clinical summary is coded and the data are recorded on punched cards or magnetic tape. These data are transmitted electronically to the headquarters in Washington, where machine tabulations and listings are made and transmitted back to each hospital within a month of the reporting period. This system makes it possible to allocate to each hospital the part of a patient's care given there, analyze a hospital's workload according to specialty "demand" in addition to specialty service actually given, and use monthly punched-card listings to replace hand-posted diagnosis reference indexes.
IMAGING OF EXPERIMENTAL OSTEOMYELITIS IN AN ANIMAL MODEI
Authors: S. A. Ali, F. Cesani, M. Shirtliff, E. G. Briscoe, J. Mader, G. Chaljub
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Ali, S. A.; Cesani, F.; Shirtliff, M.; Briscoe, E. G.; Mader, J.; Chaljub, G. Author Information
Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Terry A. Jacobson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1988Chronic Hepatitis BTerry A. Jacobson, MDTerry A. Jacobson, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-109-9-760_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:Perrillo and colleagues (1) make an important contribution to the study of chronic hepatitis B treatment. The disappearance of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in 22% of treated patients is exciting and suggests the eradication of the hepatitis B infection. However, some methodologic pitfalls need further clarification. Although randomization was done before therapy, important characteristics that portend prognosis were not similar in the treatment and control groups. The serum alanine aminotransferase levels before treatment were higher in the treated group at thePless than 0.03 level, although the results of the study showed that responders...References1. PerrilloRegensteinPeters RFM. Prednisone withdrawal followed by recombinant alpha interferon in the treatment of chronic type B hepatitis: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:95-100. LinkGoogle Scholar2. DavisHoofnagle GJ. Interferon in viral hepatitis: role in pathogenesis and treatment. Hepatology. 1986;6:1038-41. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA 19104-6094 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited BySexuell übertragbare Erkrankungen des Anorektums 1 November 1988Volume 109, Issue 9Page: 760-761KeywordsAlanine aminotransferaseChronic hepatitis BHepatitis BHepatitis B surface antigenInfectious hepatitis Issue Published: 1 November 1988 PDF DownloadLoading ...
A big mistake
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The world of medical journals was shaken last week by the sacking of another high profile editor. John Hoey, editor of the CMAJ , was summarily dismissed in the final act of a long running dispute with the journal's owner, the Canadian Medical Association (CMA), about interference in editorial decisions. I say “another editor” because it seems no time at all since the former editors of the New England Journal of Medicine and JAMA were sacked ( BMJ 1999;319: 272). Amidst the ensuing outcry about infringements of editorial freedom, some hard and important lessons were learnt but not, we now know, by the …
Mortality after Vagotomy and Pyloroplasty for Duodenal Ulcer
Authors: S. J. A. Powis, J. J. Price, D. M. Morrissey
Journal: BMJ (1972)

A retrospective survey of 4,026 patients having truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty for duodenal ulceration showed a mortality rate of 1·4% (55 patients). On analysis the commonest causes of death were found to be bronchopneumonia 37% (18 patients) and sepsis 20% (10 patients). More than half of the deaths occurred in patients aged over 50.
Time of day of taking immunosuppressive agents after renal transplantation: a possible influence on graft survival.
Authors: M S Knapp, N P Byrom, R Pownall, P Mayor
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Large-amplitude circadian rhythms in immune responses and the known variations in the effects of glucocorticoids with the time of day of administration suggest that immunosuppressive regimens may need to take this variable into account. In two similar groups of patients with renal transplants functioning satisfactorily after three months subsequent graft failure developed in 66% of those taking all immunosuppressives in the evening, compared with only 22% of those taking immunosuppressives twice daily (p &lt; 0.05). A survey of other transplant units showed that one unit with outstanding results--graft survival at three years 82%--had a unique policy of morning-only administration of immunosuppressives. Doctors need to consider more carefully the time of drug administration when prescribing, as it may be possible to obtain better results with less toxicity.
Long-term effects of cholecystectomy on bile acid metabolism
Authors: Gerd-Achim Kullak-Ublick, Gustav Paumgartner, Frieder Berr
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Comparative studies between different patient groups have suggested that cholecystectomy enhances bacterial dehydroxylation of the primary bile acid cholic acid (CA) to the secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid (DCA). DCA may exert a cocarcinogenic effect on the colonic mucosa. In a short-term follow-up study on nine female patients we found no alterations of the CA or DCA pools after cholecystectomy. However, in the long term, cholecystectomy could promote changes of the intestinal bacterial flora and thereby lead to enhanced conversion of CA to DCA, causing an expansion of the DCA pool size and a reduction of the CA pool size. To test this hypothesis, pool sizes, fractional turnover rates (FTR), and synthesis or input rates of CA, chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and DCA were determined in 12 female patients before and again 5 to 8 years after cholecystectomy. In the long term, pool size and synthesis rate of CA had not changed and DCA pool size had expanded by only 7.5% (not significant [NS]). DCA input increased by 32% (NS) but was balanced by an increase in FTR of 36%. Pool size (-17%) and synthesis rate (-5%) of CDCA were not significantly diminshed. Overall, the sizes of the total bile acid pool (-6%, NS; 50 ± 8 vs. 53 ± 13 μmol/kg) and the pool fractions of CA (44.7 ± 10.3% vs. 42.8 ± 7.6%) and DCA (25.5 ± 14.1% vs. 23.6 ± 9.3%) remained similar. In conclusion, cholecystectomy causes no changes in bile acid pool composition and thus has no adverse effects on bile acid metabolism in the long term. (Hepatology 1995;21:41-45).