tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Low-power laser irradiation promotes the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells via cyclic adenosine monophosphate
Authors: Jyun Yi Wu, Chia Hsin Chen, Li Yin Yeh, Ming Long Yeh, Chun Chan Ting, Yan Hsiung Wang
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2013)

Retaining or improving periodontal ligament (PDL) function is crucial for restoring periodontal defects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological effects of low-power laser irradiation (LPLI) on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human PDL (hPDL) cells. Cultured hPDL cells were irradiated (660 nm) daily with doses of 0, 1, 2 or 4 J⋅cm−2. Cell proliferation was evaluated by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and the effect of LPLI on osteogenic differentiation was assessed by Alizarin Red S staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Additionally, osteogenic marker gene expression was confirmed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Our data showed that LPLI at a dose of 2 J⋅cm−2 significantly promoted hPDL cell proliferation at days 3 and 5. In addition, LPLI at energy doses of 2 and 4 J⋅cm−2 showed potential osteogenic capacity, as it stimulated ALP activity, calcium deposition, and osteogenic gene expression. We also showed that cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a critical regulator of the LPLI-mediated effects on hPDL cells. This study shows that LPLI can promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hPDL cells. These results suggest the potential use of LPLI in clinical applications for periodontal tissue regeneration. Exposure to low-power laser light could stimulate the repair of jaw tissues that have been damaged in the course of periodontal disease. Dentists have several strategies for addressing severe plaque build-up in the teeth and gums, but these are generally inadequate for repairing the resulting destruction of root, jaw and connective tissue. Inspired by research demonstrating that low-power laser irradiation (LPLI) may promote wound-healing, Yan-Hsiung Wang of Kaohsiung Medical University in Taiwan and colleagues investigated the potential benefits of LPLI in treating periodontal damage. They demonstrated that this treatment stimulated active proliferation and bone-producing activity in human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells, which are primarily responsible for the formation and maintenance of periodontal tissue. These results indicate that LPLI could be a valuable tool for promoting tissue regeneration in patients.
Coexpression of NRASQ61R and BRAFV600E in Human Melanoma Cells Activates Senescence and Increases Susceptibility to Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity
Authors: Carlotta Petti, Alessandra Molla, Claudia Vegetti, Soldano Ferrone, Andrea Anichini, Marialuisa Sensi
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Activating mutations in BRAF and NRAS oncogenes in human melanomas are mutually exclusive. This finding has suggested an epistatic relationship but is consistent even with synthetic lethality. To evaluate the latter possibility, a mutated NRASQ61R oncogene was expressed, under a constitutive or a doxycycline-regulated promoter, in a metastatic melanoma clone (clone 21) harboring an activated BRAFV600E oncogene. After the first 10 to 12 in vitro passages, the constitutive NRASQ61R transfectant displayed progressive accumulation in G0-G1 phase of the cell cycle and stained for the senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity (SA-β-Gal). Inducible expression of NRASQ61R, by the Tet-Off system, in clone 21 cells (21NRAS61ON) led to overactivation of the RAS/RAF/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and, after the 10th in vitro passage, led to promotion of senescence. This was documented by reduced proliferation, flattened cell morphology, reduced growth in Matrigel, positive staining for SA-β-Gal, and expression of AMP-activated protein kinase and of the cell cycle inhibitor p21waf1/Cip1. These effects were detected neither in 21 cells with silenced NRASQ61R (21NRAS61OFF) nor in cells transfected with an inducible wild-type NRAS gene (21NRASWTON). In addition, when compared with parental 21 cells, or with 21NRAS61OFF, 21NRAS61ON and constitutive NRASQ61R transfectants cells showed increased susceptibility to cytotoxicity by both HLA class I antigen–restricted and nonspecific T cells and up-regulation of several MHC class I antigen processing machinery components. These results suggest a relationship of synthetic lethality between NRAS and BRAF oncogenes, leading to selection against “double-mutant” cells. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(13): 6503-11)
The discovery of ischaemic preconditioning
Authors: J R PARRATT
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article The discovery of ischaemic preconditioning Get access J R PARRATT J R PARRATT Department of Physiology and Pharmacology University of Strathclyde Glasgow, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 4, April 1993, Page 688, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.4.688 Published: 01 April 1993
Book Review Asthma: Epidemiology, anti-inflammatory therapy and future trends (Respiratory Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy.) Edited by Mark A. Giembycz and Brian J. O'Connor. 206 pp., illustrated. Boston, Birkhauser, 2000. $219. 3-7643-5858-0
Authors: Rosalind L. Smyth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)
Prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in presumably healthy young men.
Authors: J R Darsee, J R Mikolich, N B Nicoloff, L E Lesser
Journal: Circulation (1979)

We determined the prevalence of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) in presumably healthy young men by studying 107 male house officers and medical students with cardiac auscultation in the supine, sitting and standing positions. Echocardiograms were performed at rest in the supine position before and after amyl nitrite inhalation and were obtainable in 101 subjects. Eleven of the 101 subjects had abnormal findings on auscultation: four had an isolated click and seven had a click and late systolic murmur. Correlation of the independent auscultatory and echocardiographic data in the 101 subjects showed that all seven of the subjects with a click and a murmur had echocardiographic evidence of prolapse. None of the 90 subjects with normal auscultation or the four with an isolated click had an abnormal echocardiogram. All seven subjects with MVP had thoracic skeletal abnormalities, but only one was symptomatic. These data suggest that the prevalence of MVP in healthy young males is similar to the reported 6-10% prevalence in healthy young females.
Peroxisomes in cirrhosis of the human liver: A cytochemical, ultrastructural and quantitative study
Authors: Dirk De Craemer, Marina Pauwels, Frank Roels
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Hepatocellular peroxisomes in 32 patients with cirrhosis were studied by means of catalase cytochemical and morphometric analysis. Seven normal human livers were used as controls. The severity of the cirrhosis was determined with the Child-Turcotte criteria. Under the light microscope, a decrease in catalase staining was observed in 12 livers. Staining showed a weak inverse correlation with severity of the cirrhotic process. Peroxisomes revealed a perinuclear configuration in 24 patients. Morphometric analysis of peroxisomes was performed on 14 cirrhotic livers and revealed a near doubling of the number of organelles, with a compensatory decrease in mean peroxisomal diameter: no appreciable change in total volume of the peroxisome compartment was found. Cytoplasmic invaginations, protrusions and gastruloid cisternae were sparse. Apparently, peroxisomal proliferation in liver cells appeared early in the cirrhotic process. In all 10 livers with a perinuclear configuration of the peroxisomes that were processed for electron microscopy, a morphometrically confirmed increase in the number of peroxisomes was observed. Peroxisomes frequently showed transparent matrical spots and angular profiles. In two patients nucleoid-containing peroxisomes were observed. Although variation between individual patients was high, peroxisomal changes were observed in each cirrhotic liver. No relationship between morphological or morphometric alterations in peroxisomal compartment on one side and the severity of the disease or the type of cirrhotic nodules on the other side was observed. (Hepatology 1993;17:404-410.)
Circumcision and uncircumcision
Authors: J Warren
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - In his review of a book on “uncircumcising” Roger S Kirby is doubtful whether circumcision desensitises the glans to sexual stimuli,1 even though many men complain that this is the case, including some who have been circumcised as adults. I am not aware of any published objective …
Peter Pellew Hinds
Authors: A. Fraser
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Peter Pellew Hinds was born and brought up in Shanghai, China, until the impending Japanese invasion in 1935 forced him to be sent back to England to finish his schooling. His mother remained and was interned. He enlisted in the Royal Air Force in 1941, trained as a pilot, and was stationed in the Inner Hebrides, flying long range Halifax bombers. These were specially equipped and staffed to monitor and report on long range weather conditions out in the Atlantic and flew for 12 hours at …
DEVICE FOR MAKING TRACTION ON THE FINGERS
Authors: John A. Caldwell
Journal: JAMA (1931)

For reducing fractures of the bones of the forearm and the metacarpals and phalanges, prolonged traction on the fingers is often necessary and it is frequently essential to maintain this traction while a plaster splint is being molded and allowed to set. The method of Bohler 1 is for an assistant to make the traction manually, a mastic varnish having been applied to the fingers to prevent slipping. The disadvantage of any form of manual traction is that it is not steady and uniform because the person making the traction becomes fatigued. Soutter 2 has described a device for making mechanical traction by interposing a spring balance between the points of traction, pulling until the desired weight registers on the balance, and then fastening the tractor at that point. Soutter uses a sling with a Delbet knot about the wrist and removes it from beneath the plaster. When traction on
RADIUM IN THE TREATMENT OF VASCULAR NEVI
Authors: FRANK EDWARD SIMPSON
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The chief object of the treatment of the vascular type of birthmark is the decolorization and leveling of the tumor so as to make it less unsightly. In rapidly growing vascular  treatment may, in addition, avert threatened danger to life.  Various physical, chemical, electrical and actinic methods have been used in treating nevi. The principal methods, other than the use of radium are:   Surgical procedures, such as excision, ligation and scarification.  Intense heat or cold (the actual cautery or freezing).  Injections, such as boiling water, hydrogen peroxide and tincture of iodine.  Caustics (nitric, sulphuric and glacial acetic acids).  Electrical methods (electrolysis or electrocoagulation).  Actinic therapy, such as the roentgen ray or Kromayer lamp.   In selected cases, surgery gives excellent results. In the excision of certain types, such as the cavernous nevi, there is some danger of serious and even fatal hemorrhage. The cosmetic results of surgery are usually inferior
Consultant Posts in Baghdad
Authors: H. H. Langston
Journal: BMJ (1974)

1/10-1/1,000.Such reactions are abolished if the serum is preheated for 1-hours at 56°C prior to injection.These findings are in contrast to those of Dr. Bryant and his colleagues in that these workers were unable to show attachment of IgE at two and four hours after sensitization.However, they do agree with the findings of other workers who have been able to sensitize chopped human and monkey lung and human skin passively in vitro by ex- posure to IgE antibody for a short time.Our results indicate that human IgE attaches rapidly to macaaue monkey skin and elicits a P.C.A. reaction at two, four, and 24 hours; these reactions being abolished if the serum is heated for 1 hours at 56°C.Most importantly, they emphasize the im- portance of using "clean" experimental monkeys with a known history.-Weare, etc.,
Medial Regeneration Using a Biodegradable Felt as a Scaffold Preserves Integrity and Compliance of a Canine Dissected Aorta
Authors: Mitsuru Sato, Shunsuke Kawamoto, Mika Watanabe, Naoya Sakamoto, Masaaki Sato, Yasuhiko Tabata, Yoshikatsu Saiki
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Repair of a dissected aorta involves reattaching the media with synthetic glue and/or reinforcement with nonbiodegradable felt. Late complications specific to each aspect of this procedure have been reported. We attempted to regenerate the media by using biodegradable felt.We created a canine model of descending thoracic aortic dissection and compared 4 modes of aortic repair: biodegradable polyglycolic acid (PGA) felt in the media; PGA with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in the media; PGA with bFGF in the media plus external reinforcement with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene; and primary suture closure of the dissected lumen (control). Repaired aortic stumps were quantitatively tested for suture pull-out strength. Failure force improved 4-fold in all 3 medial reinforcement groups compared with controls. Additionally, animals were kept alive for histological examination and compliance testing 6 months after repair. Compliance of the aortic wall at the anastomotic sites was not essentially affected in the long term except in the group with concomitant external reinforcement (55.9 ± 4.5% reduction; P<0.05). In this group, elastic fiber in the media and collagen fiber in the adventitia tended to diminish relative to the other groups. Regarding vessel density in the repaired false lumen, this external reinforced group had a significantly decreased number. Histological derangement was not observed in control or medial reinforcement groups. Basic FGF, applied with PGA in the dissected lumen, failed to yield additional modifications in this model.Medial reinforcement provides sufficient augmented strength for aortic surgical repair. Medial regeneration using biodegradable felt as a scaffold preserves histological integrity and compliance in the canine dissected aorta.
Epidemic From Abroad
Authors: A. F. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Apropos the editorial on the epidemic of collective nouns (<i>JAMA</i><b>190:</b>392 [Oct 26] 1964), we are alarmed at the apparent lack of a symbol of unity for pathologists. The following is proposed by this pathologist's sophomore daughter: APickle of Pathologists. As suggested in the recent "Advice to Authors," you are hereby permitted to publish (or suppress) this notion of a crockfull of well-hardened but educational specimens.
n of 1 learning
Authors: Ed Peile
Journal: BMJ (2004)

How should we start to look at the learning that this interactive case has stimulated? Should we look again at the web discussants? We could appreciate the diversity of disciplinary backgrounds and nationalities of contributors. We could categorise the learning threads: as the case progressed, I have commented both on the breadth and the depth of learning that was evident in rapid responses. But are we missing something? I think we are missing the parallel message from the clinical topic for educationalists. We …
A1C Versus Glucose Testing: A Comparison
Authors: David B. Sacks
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

Diabetes was originally identified by the presence of glucose in the urine. Almost 2,500 years ago it was noticed that ants were attracted to the urine of some individuals. In the 18th and 19th centuries the sweet taste of urine was used for diagnosis before chemical methods became available to detect sugars in the urine. Tests to measure glucose in the blood were developed over 100 years ago, and hyperglycemia subsequently became the sole criterion recommended for the diagnosis of diabetes. Initial diagnostic criteria relied on the response to an oral glucose challenge, while later measurement of blood glucose in an individual who was fasting also became acceptable. The most widely accepted glucose-based criteria for diagnosis are fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥126 mg/dL or a 2-h plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on more than one occasion (1,2). In a patient with classic symptoms of diabetes, a single random plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL is considered diagnostic (1). Before 2010 virtually all diabetes societies recommended blood glucose analysis as the exclusive method to diagnose diabetes. Notwithstanding these guidelines, over the last few years many physicians have been using hemoglobin A1C to screen for and diagnose diabetes (3). Although considered the “gold standard” for diagnosis, measurement of glucose in the blood is subject to several limitations, many of which are not widely appreciated. Measurement of A1C for diagnosis is appealing but has some inherent limitations. These issues have become the focus of considerable attention with the recent publication of the Report of the International Expert Committee that recommended the use of A1C for diagnosis of diabetes (4), a position that has been endorsed (at the time of writing) by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) (1), the Endocrine Society, and in a more limited fashion by …
The Pregnant Surgical Patient: Medical Evaluation and Management
Authors: WILLIAM M. BARRON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Nonobstetric disease requiring surgery may complicate pregnancy and jeopardize maternal and fetal well-being. Surgery may be safely done if the physician is aware of anatomic and physiologic alterations during gestation that necessitate an altered approach to diagnosis and management. Fetal exposure to all diagnostic and therapeutic agents should be minimized, particularly during organogenesis. However, the risk to the fetus of diagnostic irradiation is justifiable when information essential to maternal health is likely to be obtained. Furthermore, the broad range of available antibiotic, analgesic, and anesthetic agents provide the physician with options for treatment that have an acceptable degree of risk to fetal health. Anesthesia and surgery are tolerated considerably better by the fetus than is maternal hypotension, hypoxia, or sepsis. When an operative procedure is urgently or emergently indicated, pregnancy should not delay timely intervention.
Nicotinic receptor mediates nitric oxide synthase expression in the rat gastric myenteric plexus.
Authors: K Nakamura, T Takahashi, M Taniuchi, C X Hsu, C Owyang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

The mechanism that regulates the synthesis of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), a key enzyme responsible for NO production in the myenteric plexus, remains unknown. We investigated the roles of the vagal nerve and nicotinic synapses in the mediation of NOS synthesis in the gastric myenteric plexus in rats. Truncal vagotomy and administration of hexamethonium significantly reduced nonadrenergic, noncholinergic relaxation, the catalytic activity of NOS, the number of NOS-immunoreactive cells, and the density of NOS-immunoreactive bands and NOS mRNA bands obtained from gastric tissue. These results suggest that NOS expression in the gastric myenteric plexus is controlled by the vagal nerve and nicotinic synapses. We also investigated if stimulation of the nicotinic receptor increases neuronal NOS (nNOS) expression in cultured gastric myenteric ganglia. Incubation of cultured gastric myenteric ganglia with the nicotinic receptor agonist, 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperizinium (DMPP, 10(-10)-10(-7) M), for 24 h significantly increased the number of nNOS-immunoreactive cells and the density of immunoreactive nNOS bands and nNOS mRNA bands. nNOS mRNA expression stimulated by DMPP was antagonized by a protein kinase C antagonist, a phospholipase C inhibitor, and an intracellular Ca2+ chelator. We concluded that activation of the nicotinic receptor stimulates a Ca2+-dependent protein kinase C pathway, which in turn, upregulates nNOS mRNA expression and nNOS synthesis in the gastric myenteric plexus.
HEREDITY OF THE Rh BLOOD TYPES
Authors: Alexander S. Wiener, I. Davidsohn, E. L. Potter
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1945)

1. The theory of six allelic genes is reviewed, using the new improved nomenclature, and data are summarized regarding the distributions of the eight Rh types among white and negro individuals in New York City. 2. Results are presented of tests for property Hr in a series of 239 white individuals and 49 negroes. Statistical analysis of these data yields results supporting Race and Taylor's hypothesis that anti-Hr sera react with the blood properties determined by the genes Rh(2), Rh'' Rh(o), and rh, but not with the factors determined by genes Rh(1) and Rh'. 3. The practical importance of the Hr factor is discussed.
Inflammation Suspected in Eye Disorders
Authors: B. M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Education on hygiene and sanitation is the need of the hour in India
Authors: M. M. Singh, R. Devi
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Even after 66 years of independence, 60% of the rural population of India has no toilet facilities, although the figure is less than 9% in urban India.1 2 India launched the Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan national sanitation programme in 1986 with the aim of providing subsidies for building latrines. Since 2001, the Indian government has spent Rs15 000 crore (£1455m; €1830m; $2445m) to build 93.5 …