tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Localization and functional characterization of rat kidney-specific chloride channel, ClC-K1.
Authors: S Uchida, S Sasaki, K Nitta, K Uchida, S Horita, H Nihei, F Marumo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

To investigate the physiological role of a kidney-specific chloride channel (ClC-K1), we sought to determine its exact localization by immunohistochemistry and its functional regulation using Xenopus oocyte expression system. The antiserum specifically recognized a 70-kD protein in SDS-PAGE of membrane protein from rat inner medulla and an in vitro translated ClC-K1 protein. Immunohistochemistry revealed that ClC-K1 was exclusively localized to the thin limb of Henle's loop in rat inner medulla. In comparison with the immunostaining with anti-aquaporin-CHIP antibody that only stains the descending thin limb of Henle's loop (tDL), ClC-K1 was found to be localized only in the ascending limb (tAL) which has the highest chloride permeability among nephron segments. Immunoelectron microscopy confirmed that the staining of ClC-K1 in tAL was observed in the region of both apical and basolateral plasma membranes. Expressed chloride current in Xenopus oocytes by ClC-K1 cRNA was regulated by extracellular pH and extracellular calcium. Furosemide inhibited the expressed current (Ki = 100 microM), whereas N-ethyl-maleimide stimulated the current. These functional characteristics were consistent with the in vitro perfusion studies of chloride transport in tAL. The localization and the functional characteristics described here indicate that ClC-K1 is responsible for the transepithelial chloride transport in tAL.
Total and Free Triiodothyronine in Human Serum*
Authors: Janusz A. Nauman, Alicja Nauman, Sidney C. Werner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

A reliable method has been developed for the determination of total serum T3, dialyzable fraction (DFT3), and absolute concentration of free T3 (AFT3). Total T3 values (mean +/- SD) were: healthy euthyroid subjects, 0.33 +/- 0.07 mug per 100 ml; hyperthyroid patients, 0.71 +/- 0.1 mug per 100 ml; hypothyroid, 0.10 +/- 0.03 mug per 100 ml. Values (mean +/- SD) for DFT3 in these groups were 0.46 +/- 0.14%, 0.78 +/- 0.17%, and 0.16 +/- 0.08%, respectively. Calculated values for AFT3 were: 1.51 +/- 0.4 mmug per 100 ml, 5.00 +/- 0.6 mmug per 100 ml and 0.24 +/- 0.1 mmug per 100 ml, respectively. Dilution of serum before dialysis lowered estimated DFT3 values. Enrichment of serum with labeled T3 in the range examined did not affect DFT3. However, DFT3 was increased by addition of Merthiolate to serum in concentration 1: 10,000 due to displacement of T3 from thyroxine-binding globulin to albumin. The data suggest that triiodothyronine may play a considerably more important role in normal and pathological physiology, as evidenced by kinetic analysis using these data. A metabolic role for T3 equal to that of T4 is indicated.
Fragmentation hemolytic anemia 8 years after replacement of ascending aorta with a sutureless intraluminal graft
Authors: Hamid Sayar, Charles A. Dietl, Andrew Helms, Ian Rabinowitz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

A 56-year-old man underwent replacement of the ascending aorta with a sutureless intraluminal graft, for a Stanford type A aortic dissection. Eight years after the operation, he developed gross hemoglobinuria, associated with an intravascular hemolytic anemia. Due to numerous schistocytes in the peripheral blood, the hemolysis was attributed to mechanical injury of the red blood cells at the site of the vascular graft. The patient's course was complicated by an infection of the aortic graft, which led to an urgent graft replacement. The hemolytic anemia resolved completely shortly after the reoperation. Physicians should consider this etiology in the differential diagnosis of fragmentation hemolytic anemia.
Quantitative studies on the in vitro metabolic activation of dimethylnitrosamine by rat liver postmitochondrial supernatant.
Authors: D J Doolittle, J I Goodman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

The metabolic activation of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) to mutagenic and/or cytotoxic intermediates in vitro has been characterized and the relationship between DMN demethylase and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) or ethylmorphine-N-demethylase (EMND) has been evaluated. A mammalian assay system which uses the postmitochondrial supernatant (S-15 fraction) prepared from a rat liver homogenate as an enzyme source and V79 Chinese hamster cells as targets for chemically induced damage was used. The enzyme pattern of the S-15 fraction was altered by pretreatment of experimental animals in vivo and/or by the use of enzyme inhibitors in vitro. The results of these studies indicate that the concentration of S-15 fraction in the reaction mixture can markedly influence the degree of DMN-induced cytotoxicity when it is metabolized in vitro and that the degree of DMN-induced cytotoxicity and mutagenicity are linearly related. The degree of cytotoxicity and mutagenicity induced in V79 cells by DMN does not correlate with EROD activity (a measure of 3-methylcholanthrene-inducible mixed-function oxidases) nor with EMND activity (a measure of phenobarbital-inducible mixed function oxidases) in the S-15 fraction.
Hepatic fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis, and a lipodystrophy-like syndrome in PEPCK-TGF-beta1 transgenic mice.
Authors: D E Clouthier, S A Comerford, R E Hammer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Transgenic mice overexpressing a constitutively active human TGF-beta1 under control of the rat phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase regulatory sequences developed fibrosis of the liver, kidney, and adipose tissue, and exhibited a severe reduction in body fat. Expression of the transgene in hepatocytes resulted in increased collagen deposition, altered lobular organization, increased hepatocyte turnover, and in extreme cases, hemorrhage and thrombosis. Renal expression of the transgene was localized to the proximal tubule epithelium, and was associated with tubulointerstitial fibrosis, characterized by excessive collagen deposition and increased fibronectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 immunoreactivity. Pronounced glomerulosclerosis was evident, and hydronephrosis developed with low penetrance. Expression of TGF-beta1 in white and brown adipose tissue resulted in a lipodystrophy-like syndrome. All white fat depots and brown fat pads were severely reduced in size, and exhibited prominent fibroplasia. This reduction in WAT was due to impaired adipose accretion. Introduction of the transgene into the ob/ob background suppressed the obesity characteristic of this mutation; however, transgenic mutant mice developed severe hepato- and splenomegaly. These studies strengthen the link between TGF-beta1 expression and fibrotic disease, and demonstrate the potency of TGF-beta1 in modulating mesenchymal cell differentiation in vivo.
Abstract A72: Next-generation sequencing of disseminated tumor cells
Authors: Elen K. Møller, Parveen Kumar, Thierry Voet, April Peterson, Peter Van Loo, Randi Mathiesen, Renate Fjelldal, Jason Grundstad, Elin Borgen, Lars O. Baumbusch, Bjørn Naume, Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale, Silje Nord, Vessela N. Kristensen
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) detected in the bone marrow have been shown as an independent prognostic factor for women with breast cancer. However, the mechanisms behind the tumor cell dissemination are still unclear and more detailed knowledge is needed to fully understand why some cells remain dormant and others metastasize. Sequencing of single cells has opened for the possibility to dissect the genetic content of subclones of a primary tumor, as well as DTCs. Previous studies of genetic changes in DTCs have employed single-cell array comparative genomic hybridization which provides information about larger aberrations. To date, next generation sequencing provides the possibility to discover new, smaller and copy neutral genetic changes. In this study, we performed whole genome amplification and subsequently next generation sequencing to analyze DTCs from two breast cancer patients. We compared copy number profiles of the DTCs and the corresponding primary tumor generated from sequencing and SNP-CGH data, respectively. While one tumor revealed mostly whole arm gains and losses, the other had more complex alterations, as well as subclonal amplification and deletions. Whole arm gains or losses in the primary tumor were in general also observed in the corresponding DTC. Both primary tumors showed amplification of chromosome 1q and deletion of parts of chromosome 16q, which was recaptured in the corresponding DTCs. Interestingly, clear differences were also observed, indicating that the DTC underwent further evolution at the copy number level. This study provides a proof-of-principle for sequencing of DTCs and correlation with primary copy number profiles. The analyses allow insight into tumor cell dissemination and show ongoing copy number evolution in DTCs compared to the primary tumors. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Elen K. Møller, Parveen Kumar, Thierry Voet, April Peterson, Peter Van Loo, Randi Mathiesen, Renate Fjelldal, Jason Grundstad, Elin Borgen, Lars O. Baumbusch, Bjørn Naume, Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale, Silje Nord, Vessela N. Kristensen. Next-generation sequencing of disseminated tumor cells. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A72. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-A72
Dissection: Photographs of a Rite of Passage in American Medicine: 1880-1930
Authors: Jan F. Pruszak
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Measurement of Plasma Digoxin Concentration by Radioimmunoassay
Authors: D. C. Evered, C. Chapman, C. J. Hayter
Journal: BMJ (1970)

A rapid, sensitive, and precise method for measuring the plasma digoxin concentration has been developed with the radioimmunoassay technique. Seventy patients receiving digoxin were shown to have plasma digoxin concentrations between 0.4 and 5 ng./ml. Preliminary studies show that though there is a positive correlation between total daily dose and the plasma digoxin concentration, the relationship is not close, and a relatively wide range of plasma digoxin concentrations appear to be consistent with effective digitalization.
Corticosteroids for Fetal Maturation-Reply
Authors: Larry C. Gilstrap
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —I would like to thank Dr Patterson for his interest in the recent NIH Consensus Conference article on antenatal corticosteroids. There is no way to cover all the possible clinical scenarios in such a publication; therefore, clinical judgment must be used. As to what a significant risk of premature delivery actually is, I would suggest using the word "likely" in its literal meaning, that is, "of such a nature or circumstance as to make something probable."<sup>1</sup>"Probable" in general means "51%" or more, so I would recommend corticosteroid treatment if you think it is probable (not just possible) that a woman will deliver or need to be delivered within 7 days. It should also be pointed out that repetitive dosing of corticosteroids on a weekly basis was not one of the recommendations of the consensus report. The NIH Consensus Development Panel noted that repetitive dosing of corticosteroids
The Clinical and Physiologic Significance of the Serum Sodium Concentration
Authors: Alexander Leaf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

Since flame photometry has received widespread clinical application, determination of the concentration of sodium in the serum has become one of the most frequent measurements of constituents of the body fluids. Interpretation of this measurement, however, often still remains confused. It is not always appreciated that one value of the serum sodium concentration may be consistent with several different functional states. It is only when this measurement is combined with other clinical information about the patient that its full significance is obtained. The purpose of this review is to examine the physiologic states associated with alterations of serum sodium concentration . . .
President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief
Authors: Lawrence O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Functional Genetic Polymorphisms in the Aromatase Gene<i>CYP19</i>Vary the Response of Breast Cancer Patients to Neoadjuvant Therapy with Aromatase Inhibitors
Authors: Liewei Wang, Katarzyna A. Ellsworth, Irene Moon, Linda L. Pelleymounter, Bruce W. Eckloff, Yvette N. Martin, Brooke L. Fridley, Gregory D. Jenkins, Anthony Batzler, Vera J. Suman, Saranya Ravi, J. Michael Dixon, William R. Miller, Eric D. Wieben, Aman Buzdar, Richard M. Weinshilboum, James N. Ingle
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Aromatase (CYP19) is a critical enzyme in estrogen biosynthesis and aromatase inhibitors (AI) are employed widely for endocrine therapy in postmenopausal women with breast cancer. We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CYP19 gene may alter the effectiveness of AI therapy in the neoadjuvant setting. Genomic DNA was obtained for sequencing from 52 women pre-AI and post-AI treatment in this setting. Additionally, genomic DNA obtained from 82 samples of breast cancer and 19 samples of normal breast tissue was subjected to resequencing. No differences in CYP19 sequence were observed between tumor and germ-line DNA in the same patient. A total of 48 SNPs were identified including 4 novel SNPs when compared with previous resequencing data. For genotype-phenotype association studies, we determined the levels of aromatase activity, estrone, estradiol, and tumor size in patients pre-AI and post-AI treatment. We defined two tightly linked SNPs (rs6493497 and rs7176005 in the 5'-flanking region of CYP19 exon 1.1) that were significantly associated with a greater change in aromatase activity after AI treatment. In a follow-up study of 200 women with early-stage breast cancer who were treated with adjuvant anastrozole, these same two SNPs were also associated with higher plasma estradiol levels in patients pre-AI and post-AI treatment. Electrophoretic mobility shift and reporter gene assays confirmed likely functional effects of these two SNPs on transcription of CYP19. Our findings indicate that two common genetic polymorphisms in the aromatase gene CYP19 vary the response of breast cancer patients to aromatase inhibitors. Cancer Res; 70(1); 319–28
Dentists' agreement on treatment of asymptomatic impacted third molar teeth: interview study
Authors: C. M Jones, K. O'Brien, A S Blinkhorn, J P Rood
Journal: BMJ (1997)

centrations.In most reports the pleocytosis has not been examined further by differential count.A mild (3%) cerebrospinal fluid eosinophilia has been documented with immunoglobulin and in aseptic meningitis after other drug treatment. 1 5In our case cerebrospinal fluid was specifically analysed and stained to provide an accurate differential count.The presence of eosinophilia enabled aseptic meningitis to be diagnosed and antibiotic treatment to be stopped, also avoiding extensive contact tracing.
Neurosurgical units working beyond safe capacity
Authors: M. Thillai
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Almost all neurosurgical units in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland are working beyond their safe capacity, according to a report published last week by the Society of British Neurological Surgeons.

The report claims that there is a growing imbalance between the demand for the service and its supply. The United Kingdom and Ireland currently have 37 neurosurgical units, two fewer than in 1993. Since then the surgical workload has increased by 18%.

Mr Barry Jackson, president of …
PUBLICITY AS A FACTOR IN VENEREAL PROPHYLAXIS.
Authors: PRINCE A. MORROW
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The association of the idea of publicity with a class of diseases whose distinctive peculiarity is privacy, may seem at first glance somewhat incongruous. Venereal diseases are the diseases which above all others are concealed from public observation; both social sentiment and the code of professional ethics have always protected them from exposure. The motive for concealment is emphasized by the element of shame with which they are invested by popular prejudice, from the erroneous idea that they have their exclusive origin in licentious indulgence. In the popular conception they are essentially<i>les maladies rèvelatrices</i>, affording proof positive or presumptive of immoral relations. Bearing these distinctive traits of shame, secrecy and immorality it is perhaps not surprising that the conventional attitude toward this class of diseases is the very antithesis of all that is implied by publicity. The public mind is so imbued with the idea of the essential privacy
Points: Chinese restaurant syndrome
Authors: A G Ebert
Journal: BMJ (1984)

November, p 1225) is apprehensive that the remarkably low figure of 4-1 perinatal deaths per 1000 (22 September, p 721) for planned home confinements will increase the demand for this service.There is no evidence as yet that planned home confinements are less safe than consultant booked deliveries.Although not conclusive, the published figures support a more liberal policy.1-4What is more important is that the number of unplanned, and often unattended, deliveries at home (perinatal mortality 67-5/1000 births) has remained constant over the years and may therefore have reached an irreducible minimum.In some areas of the country the domiciliary midwifery service has been dismantled.This must put this very high risk group at greater risk since there are no experienced midwives or doctors to attend these patients should they be called.' 1
High dose intravenous streptokinase for acute myocardial infarction: preliminary results of a multicenter trial
Authors: L. David Hillis, Jeffrey Borer, Eugene Braunwald, James H. Chesebro, Lawrence S. Cohen, James Dalen, Harold T. Dodge, Charles K. Francis, Genell Knatterud, Philip Ludbrook, John E. Markis, Hiltrud Mueller, Patrice Desvigne-Nickens, Eugene R. Passamani, Eric R. Powers, A. Koneti Rao, Robert Roberts, William C. Roberts, Allan Ross, Thomas J. Ryan, Burton E. Sobel, David O. Williams, Barry L. Zaret, None Co-Investigators
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1985)
Eprotirome in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia (the AKKA trial): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study
Authors: Barbara Sjouke, Gisle Langslet, Richard Ceska, Stephen J Nicholls, Steven E Nissen, Maria Öhlander, Paul W Ladenson, Anders G Olsson, G Kees Hovingh, John J P Kastelein
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2014)
Inhibition of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Growth by Inhibition of Fibronectin Matrix Assembly
Authors: Kwesi O. Mercurius, Alex O. Morla
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Abstract —The regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation by the fibronectin matrix was tested by treating human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells (HUASMCs) with a recombinant fragment of fibronectin (protein III 1 -C) that has previously been shown to modulate fibronectin matrix assembly. III 1 -C inhibited HUASMC proliferation by 75% to 90%. The inhibition of growth was time dependent; III 1 -C had no effect on DNA synthesis after 0 to 5 hours of treatment but did have an effect at 24 hours and beyond. III 1 -C did not stimulate apoptosis in these cells, indicating that the inhibition of proliferation was not due to an induction of programmed cell death. The effects of III 1 -C on cell growth were only specific for normal diploid smooth muscle cells. III 1 -C had no effect on the proliferation of IMR-90 fibroblasts, endothelial cells, NIH 3T3 cells, or the rat aortic smooth muscle cell line A7r5. However, III 1 -C did inhibit proliferation by primary rat aortic smooth muscle cells. An analysis of HUASMC fibronectin receptor (integrin α5β1) distribution revealed that III 1 -C did not inhibit α5β1 localization to focal contacts. Moreover, III 1 -C had no effect on the relative expression levels of seven different integrin subunits on HUASMCs. However, III 1 -C did inhibit fibronectin matrix assembly by rat aortic smooth muscle cells, HUASMCs, A7r5 cells, IMR-90 cells, and endothelial cells. An analysis of fibronectin synthesis indicated that the inhibition of fibronectin matrix assembly by III 1 -C was not due solely to a decrease in fibronectin synthesis. Finally, treatment of HUASMCs with anti-fibronectin monoclonal antibody L8 (which is known to inhibit fibronectin matrix assembly) also decreased the rate of HUASMC DNA synthesis. These results demonstrate that III 1 -C inhibits VSMC proliferation and suggest that this effect may be mediated by the inhibition of fibronectin matrix assembly.