tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Smoking in Adult Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: May L. Tao, Zeltzer Lonnie K., Byrne Julianne, Mills James L., Robison Leslie L., Matthew D. Guo, Weiss Robert
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1998)

Background: Health-related behaviors are of particular concern in survivors of childhood cancer as they are at increased risk for second cancers and long-term organ dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to compare the smoking behavior and associated factors in young-adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with those in sibling controls. Methods: A telephone interview that surveyed smoking behavior was conducted with 592 young-adult survivors, treated before age 20 years on Children's Cancer Group ALL protocols, and 409 sibling controls. Using stratified chi-squared analyses and Cox proportional hazards models, we compared the rates of smoking initiation and smoking cessation between survivors and control subjects. Demographic characteristics (age, sex, race, and education) and psychological factors (mood and self-concept) were examined as predictors interacting with survivorship in logistic regression analyses to try to distinguish a subgroup of survivors who may be at greater risk for smoking. Results: Survivors were significantly less likely to have ever smoked (23.0% versus 35.7%; P<.0001) and thus were less likely to ever be regular, daily smokers than sibling controls (19.1% versus 31.3%; P<.0001). Survivors were less likely to quit smoking than sibling controls (26.6% versus 35.2%), although this result was not statistically significant. There were no interactions between survivor status and either demographic or psychological features on smoking behavior. Conclusions: Young-adult survivors of childhood ALL are less likely to experiment with smoking but, once having started, are at similar risk for becoming habitual, persistent smokers as sibling controls.
Long-term observations on tubular and glomerular function in cadmium-exposed persons.
Authors: M Piscator
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Four groups of cadmium-exposed persons, from different workplaces and with different types of exposure, have been followed for periods of 9-20 years. In one group the total observation time is over 30 years, since they were included in Friberg's original study. The studies include determination of inulin or creatinine clearance, protein excretion and specific indicators of renal tubular dysfunction. The results indicate that once tubular dysfunction is established, it is irreversible, even when it is minor. In some persons it was noted that the development of renal dysfunction seemed to be a multistage process. The initial stage is characterized by an increased excretion of low molecular weight proteins like beta 2-microglobulin and ribonuclease. After a period of several years with no or low exposure, there was a relatively sharp increase in excretion of total proteins and albumin and a decrease in glomerular filtration rate. This is interpreted as being the result of further increases in renal concentration of cadmium and in spread of cadmium along the tubules. Metallothionein absorption in the tubules, its catabolism and synthesis must play an important role for the development and progress of the tubular dysfunction. It was not possible to show that a decrease in glomerular filtration rate occurs before low molecular weight proteinuria.
Iatrogenic Heart Disease
Authors: John W. Keyes
Journal: JAMA (1965)

There are divergent opinions about the etiology of iatrogenic heart disease and certain common precipitating causes which need to be stressed to physicians at this period of high public awareness and fears of heart disease. The manifestations of the syndrome (cardiac neurosis) are a deep-seated fear of heart disease, associated with symptoms of fatigue, breathlessness, palpitation, chest pains, exhaustion, apprehension, tremulousness, and often signs of vasometer instability. Fifty cases of anxiety psychoneurosis, including 13 cases of severe cardiac neurosis (iatrogenic heart disease), were found in this study. None of the patients had heart disease, but all had been told they had, on the basis of misleading history, physical examination, or electrocardiographic evidence. The physician's interpretations included those of symptoms, physical findings, and electrocardiograms, inevitably leading to wrong or vague advice.
Fundamentals of Electroencephalography
Authors: Vincent P. Perlo
Journal: JAMA (1971)

This book presents the fundamentals of electroencephalography in an organized and lucid manner. The author's extensive experience at the University of Michigan Medical School provides a wealth of theoretical and practical material concerning cerebral electrical activity in health and disease. Basic electrical principles are discussed by Basman in an introductory chapter, followed by chapters on instrumentation and electrical fields. Six chapters are devoted to the neurophysiologic basis of the electroencephalogram and these provide the foundation for a function-ori ented approach to electroencephalographic interpretation. Ample illustrative electroencephalographic tracings present the various normal and abnormal patterns, and the value of the computer averaging technique in studying cerebral evoked responses is shown. The author wisely emphasizes the principle that no brain wave pattern is considered specific for establishing a clinical diagnosis, but the usual electroencephalographic abnormalities encountered in the major categories of central nervous system disorders are described in the final third of
Remarks on a Mode of After-Treatment in Operations upon the Urinary Organs: With Illustrative Cases
Authors: T. R. Jessop
Journal: BMJ (1869)

ALTHOUGH the two principal operations upon the urinary apparatus- lithotomy andl perincal section-are surrounded by many difficulties and dangers, it will Vo readily admitted that, if it were possible to do away with the preselice of urine for a sufficient length of time after the operation to allow of the wound being healed-if it were possible, that is to say, to put wounds of the urethra under like conditions with wounds in most other parts of the body-these operations would be deprived of more than half their terrors.The structures through wlsich the surgeon cuts in the removal of a stoise fromi the bladder, or in the division of a stricture, are liot of that imssportance, that their entirety is necessary to the well-being of the individual; they have no vital functions to perform; tlsevnmay be divided ancl redivided; they may be so much altered by inflammatory disease, as to be hardly recognisable, and yet be equal to the perforiwaisce of tlseir offices, in such a manner, that the rest of
The Problem of Acute Hypothermia
Authors: F. T. Jung
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This book is concerned with efforts to identify the mechanism that breaks down, with fatal results, when the larger mammals undergo sufficiently drastic reductions of body temperature. A perspective of this work is given in an opening chapter by the editor, Starkov; the remaining 27 chapters, by various authors, consider in detail the effects of cold on particular parts of the nervous system, on the heart and blood-vascular system, on voluntary and involuntary muscle, and so on. Only a single laboratory is represented, and this fact accounts for the apparent absence of any consideration of blood chemistry (hemoglobin dissociation, and so forth). Unfortunately the lack of an index makes it difficult to locate special topics. A practical conclusion from the researches described is that the best method of rewarming the hypothermic animal (page 24) was to place it in a chamber at an air temperature of 55-60°C. until the rectal
Call to needle times after acute myocardial infarction in urban and rural areas in northeast Scotland: prospective observational study
Authors: J. Rawles, C. Sinclair, K. Jennings, L. Ritchie, N. Waugh
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Objective : To determine call to needle times and consider how best to provide timely thrombolytic treatment for patients with acute myocardial infarction. Design : Prospective observational study. Setting : City, suburban, and country practices referring patients to a single district general hospital in northeast Scotland. Subjects : 1046 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction given thrombolytic treatment. Main outcome measures : Time from patients' calls for medical help until receipt of opiate or thrombolytic treatment, measured against a call to needle time of 90 minutes or less, as proposed by the British Heart Foundation. Results : General practitioners were the first medical contact in 97% (528/544) of calls by country patients and 68% (340/502) of city and suburban patients. When opiate was given by general practitioners, median call to opiate time was about 30 minutes (95% within 90 minutes) in city, suburbs, and country; call to opiate delay was about 60 minutes in city and suburban patients calling "999" for an ambulance. One third of country patients received thrombolytic treatment from their general practitioners with a median call to thrombolysis time of 45 minutes (93% within 90 minutes); this compares with 150 minutes (5% within 90 minutes) when this treatment was deferred until after hospital admission. In the city and suburbs, no thrombolytic treatment was given outside hospital, and only a minority of patients received it within 90 minutes of calling; median call to thrombolysis time was 95 (46% within 90 minutes) minutes. Conclusions : The first medical contact after acute myocardial infarction is most commonly with a general practitioner. This contact provides the optimum opportunity to give thrombolytic treatment within the British Heart Foundation's guideline.
ERRORS IN DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF CANCER*
Authors: DANIEL LASZLO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1950)

Article1 October 1950ERRORS IN DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF CANCERPART IIDANIEL LASZLO, M.D., MALCOLM L. COLMER, M.D., GERSHON B. SILVER, M.D., SAMUEL STANDARD, M.D.DANIEL LASZLO, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MALCOLM L. COLMER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, GERSHON B. SILVER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, SAMUEL STANDARD, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-33-4-991 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptII. ADVANCED INOPERABLE CANCER WAS DIAGNOSED—OPERABLE CANCER WAS FOUNDThis group consists of five cases as shown in table 2.Case 12. A 39 year old male was admitted to Montefiore Hospital in October, 1946, with a complicated history and a seemingly hopeless prognosis. His illness began in July of 1945, with sudden onset of fever which reached 104° a few hours after he had received an injection of a sclerosing agent into the hemorrhoidal areas. This fever persisted for two weeks and recurred intermittently. At first no definite diagnosis was established as there were no localizing signs present. Six... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DANIEL LASZLO, M.D.; MALCOLM L. COLMER, M.D.; GERSHON B. SILVER, M.D.; SAMUEL STANDARD, M.D.*Received for publication September 21, 1949.From the Divisions of Neoplastic Diseases and Surgery of Montefiore Hospital, New York City.†Work done under the Jacob H. Schiff Centennial Fund in Montefiore Hospital.Part I of this article appears in the September 1950 issue of this journal. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1950Volume 33, Issue 4Page: 991-1007KeywordsFeversRadiologistsSurgeonsSurgery ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1950 PDF downloadLoading ...
Evidence for direct involvement of epirubicin in the formation of chromosomal translocations in t(15;17) therapy-related acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Ashley N. Mays, Neil Osheroff, Yuanyuan Xiao, Joseph L. Wiemels, Carolyn A. Felix, Jo Ann W. Byl, Kandeepan Saravanamuttu, Andrew Peniket, Robert Corser, Cherry Chang, Christine Hoyle, Anne N. Parker, Syed K. Hasan, Francesco Lo-Coco, Ellen Solomon, David Grimwade
Journal: Blood (2009)
ADENOMA UTERI.Read in the Section of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, at Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: HENRY C. COE
Journal: JAMA (1891)

ABSTRACT Introduction.—The writer formerly regarded true malignant  of the corporeal endometrium as an extremely rare disease; late observation has convinced him that it is more common than he had supposed.There has been very great confusion in the nomenclature of diseases of the endometrium. Mucous polypi, endometritis fungosa, true adenoma and adeno carcinoma, have all been described as varieties of adenoma. This is not only anatomically incorrect, but leads to serious error from a clinical standpoint. Even such an acute observer and clear writer as Winckel has introduced confusion into his description of the condition. Many diagnoses are made from a microscopical examination of curettings alone. In doubtful cases, no careful pathologist will positively commit himself on such insufficient evidence. The crucial test of malignancy is invasion of the submucous layer; this implies examination of sections of a growth made in situ, after removal of the entire uterus. The
Prevalence of HIV antibody in forensic cases.
Authors: D. W. Sadler, D. J. Pounder, G. E. Urquhart, M. Porter-Boveri
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Probable" cases had a clinical history of an acute pneumonia or acute lower respiratory tract infection and one or more of the following: culture of the organism and for L pneumophila only: (a) a fourfold rise (or fall) in antibody titre to at least 64 but no other clinical diagnosis; (b) a static titre of 256 or more but no other clinical diagnosis; (c) positive direct fluorescent antibody test result for respiratory secre- tions or tissue with use of specific reagents; (d) legionella antigen detected in urine.Patients with other findings were categorised as possible or unlikely cases.
Active Pin1 is a key target of all-trans retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukemia and breast cancer
Authors: Shuo Wei, Shingo Kozono, Lev Kats, Morris Nechama, Wenzong Li, Jlenia Guarnerio, Manli Luo, Mi-Hyeon You, Yandan Yao, Asami Kondo, Hai Hu, Gunes Bozkurt, Nathan J Moerke, Shugeng Cao, Markus Reschke, Chun-Hau Chen, Eduardo M Rego, Francesco Lo-Coco, Lewis C Cantley, Tae Ho Lee, Hao Wu, Yan Zhang, Pier Paolo Pandolfi, Xiao Zhen Zhou, Kun Ping Lu
Journal: Nature Medicine (2015)
BIA position paper on Lyme borreliosis is evidence based
Authors: P. Cowling, J. Stockley, P. Moss, A. Miller
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Pearson and Huyshe-Shires refer to the “unaccredited” nature of the British Infection Association (BIA) position paper on Lyme borreliosis, saying that doctors “could more usefully be directed to the Lyme Disease Action website, which is accredited to the Department of Health’s Information Standard.”1 2

The BIA has never sought such accreditation and has no plans …
Human Esophageal Response During Chest Pain Induced by Swallowing Cold Liquids
Authors: George W. Meyer
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Normal persons often note chest or back pain during rapid ingestion of cold liquids, commonly believed to result from cold-induced "spasm" of esophageal muscle. We studied the effects of swallowing cold liquids on esophageal function in five normal subjects, aged 20 to 44 years, by comparing their response to cold ice cream (-5 degrees C) and room temperature ice cream mix (20 degrees C). Decreased peristaltic amplitude was seen during cold ice cream ingestion, primarily in the midesophagus. When seven subjects rapidly ingested ice cream until chest pain was produced and maintained for at least 60 s, complete absence of motor activity in the distal esophagus occurred, with slow return to normal during the ensuing five minutes. Our studies indicate that ingestion of cold liquids significantly depresses peristaltic amplitudes and frequency of peristalsis in normal persons, and pain is associated with complete absence of motor activity in the body of the esophagus, rather than esophageal "spasm" as commonly believed.
Iron Enrichment of Food
Authors: Charles U. Lowe
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To  Editor.—  In The Journal appeared a COMMENTARY by Dr. William H. Crosby (228:1651, 1974) addressing  issue of  enrichment of food. It challenges  present national plan to undertake enrichment of foods with iron and  Food and Drug Administration's endorsement of this activity.  I am writing not to discuss  principal thrust of  editorial, but rather in defense of  much maligned Ten-State Nutrition Survey. A committee of  American Academy of Pediatrics has been working with  data obtained by this survey for  past three years and takes umbrage at several statements in  commentary. Dr. Crosby says, and I quote, the data were manipulated to suggest a national catastrophe, especially in  area of anemia. There is no citation to support this allegation, nor is it clear who has manipulated  data and with what purpose in mind. Certainly, it is incontestable
Spontaneous gasping during cardiopulmonary resuscitation without mechanical ventilation.
Authors: M Noc, M H Weil, S Sun, W Tang, J Bisera
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Spontaneous gasping is frequently observed during cardiac arrest, especially when mechanical ventilation is withheld during precordial compression. We related spontaneous gasping to pulmonary gas exchange and cardiac resuscitability in a rodent model of cardiac arrest. Ventricular fibrillation was electrically induced in 15 Sprague-Dawley rats. After 4 min untreated ventricular fibrillation, precordial compression was initiated. Coronary perfusion pressure was maintained between 25 and 30 mm Hg. Oxygen was supplied at the tracheal tube port coincident with start of precordial compression in 10 animals. Five additional control animals were identically treated except they were mechanically ventilated coincident with start of precordial compression. After 6 min precordial compression, defibrillation was attempted and five of 10 nonventilated animals, and all control animals, were resuscitated by direct current countershock. In the successfully resuscitated, nonventilated animals, the frequency of spontaneous gasping during precordial compression progressively increased to an average of 19 gasps/min but it was < 6 gasps/min in nonresuscitated animals. More frequent gasping was associated with correspondingly greater arterial PO2 (110 versus 51 mm Hg, p < 0.01) and lesser PCO2 (55 versus 91 mm Hg, p < 0.01). In control animals, no spontaneous gasping was observed during precordial compression. Arterial PO2 and PCO2 of mechanically ventilated animals was more like that of spontaneously gasping rats. According, the frequency of spontaneous gasping in absence of mechanical ventilation is predictive of cardiac resuscitation success and associated with improved arterial oxygenation and CO2 removal.
Serine Deprivation Enhances Antineoplastic Activity of Biguanides
Authors: Simon-Pierre Gravel, Laura Hulea, Nader Toban, Elena Birman, Marie-José Blouin, Mahvash Zakikhani, Yunhua Zhao, Ivan Topisirovic, Julie St-Pierre, Michael Pollak
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Metformin, a biguanide widely used in the treatment of type II diabetes, clearly exhibits antineoplastic activity in experimental models and has been reported to reduce cancer incidence in diabetics. There are ongoing clinical trials to evaluate its antitumor properties, which may relate to its fundamental activity as an inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation. Here, we show that serine withdrawal increases the antineoplastic effects of phenformin (a potent biguanide structurally related to metformin). Serine synthesis was not inhibited by biguanides. Instead, metabolic studies indicated a requirement for serine to allow cells to compensate for biguanide-induced decrease in oxidative phosphorylation by upregulating glycolysis. Furthermore, serine deprivation modified the impact of metformin on the relative abundance of metabolites within the citric acid cycle. In mice, a serine-deficient diet reduced serine levels in tumors and significantly enhanced the tumor growth-inhibitory actions of biguanide treatment. Our results define a dietary manipulation that can enhance the efficacy of biguanides as antineoplastic agents that target cancer cell energy metabolism.
The Problem of Sulfonamide-Resistant Hemolytic Streptococci
Authors: Thomas L. Hartman, Louis Weinstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

PREVIOUS reports have discussed the problem and circumstances of the development of sulfadiazine-resistant hemolytic streptococci in the armed forces of the United States during 1944.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 In a civilian community the occurrence of infections due to sulfonamide-resistant hemolytic streptococci9 indicates that these organisms have had a wide distribution throughout the general population via military personnel. The possibility that these resistant organisms might become an epidemiologic and therapeutic problem in civilian life cannot be dismissed on the basis of the available information. Also, the likelihood of such a situation arising in the general population — that is, the development of sulfonamide-resistant or . . .
Erratum: Corrigendum: An NGF-responsive element targets myo-inositol monophosphatase-1 mRNA to sympathetic neuron axons
Authors: Catia Andreassi, Carola Zimmermann, Richard Mitter, Salvatore Fusco, Serena Devita, Adolfo Saiardi, Antonella Riccio
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2010)
The nature of unexplained chronic aminotransferase elevations of a mild to moderate degree in asymptomatic patients
Authors: Eileen J. Hay, Albert J. Czaja, Jorge Rakela, Jurgen Ludwig
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

To determine the nature of unexplained chronic serum aspartate aminotransferase elevations of a mild to moderate degree in asymptomatic patients, we performed systematic clinical, biochemical and histologic examinations in 47 individuals who had been screened for virus-, alcohol-or drug-related disease. Serum aspartate aminotransferase levels ranged from 3-to 8-fold normal (mean: 156 ± 7 units per liter) for at least 6 months (mean: 30 ± 6 months). Serum alanine aminotransferase levels were also increased but to a lesser degree in most patients. Thirty-four patients (72%) had histologic features of chronic active hepatitis, including 16 with cirrhosis. Ten patients (21%) had steatohepatitis and three (6%) had miscellaneous disorders. Patients with chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis could not be distinguished from counterparts without cirrhosis by individual clinical or laboratory findings. Antinuclear or smooth muscle antibodies were detected in 18 of the patients with chronic active hepatitis (53%). All patients with steatohepatitis were women, and they had laboratory changes at presentation, including seropositivity for antinuclear antibodies, that overlapped with those of patients with chronic active hepatitis. We conclude that asymptomatic patients with unexplained chronic aspartate aminotransferase elevations of a mild to moderate degree frequently have chronic active hepatitis and that many have cirrhosis. Immunoserologic findings compatible with autoimmune hepatitis are commonly present. Steatohepatitis is the most frequent alternative diagnosis, especially in women, and it is not excluded by the presence of antinuclear antibodies. Differentiation of the disorders is possible only by histologic examination.