tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Further replication studies of the EVE Consortium meta-analysis identifies 2 asthma risk loci in European Americans
Authors: Rachel A. Myers, Blanca E. Himes, Christopher R. Gignoux, James J. Yang, W. James Gauderman, Cristina Rebordosa, Jianming Xie, Dara G. Torgerson, Albert M. Levin, James Baurley, Penelope E. Graves, Rasika A. Mathias, Isabelle Romieu, Lindsey A. Roth, David Conti, Lydiana Avila, Celeste Eng, Hita Vora, Michael A. LeNoir, Manuel Soto-Quiros, Jinghua Liu, Juan C. Celedón, Harold J. Farber, Rajesh Kumar, Pedro C. Avila, Kelley Meade, Denise Serebrisky, Shannon Thyne, William Rodriguez-Cintron, Jose R. Rodriguez-Santana, Luisa N. Borrell, Robert F. Lemanske, Eugene R. Bleecker, Deborah A. Meyers, Stephanie J. London, Kathleen C. Barnes, Benjamin A. Raby, Fernando D. Martinez, Frank D. Gilliland, L. Keoki Williams, Esteban G. Burchard, Scott T. Weiss, Dan L. Nicolae, Carole Ober
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
A Clinical Lecture on Ovariotomy
Authors: C. Heath
Journal: BMJ (1877)

GENTLEMEN,-YOu have recently had under your notice a case of multilocular ovarian cyst, and have had the opportunity of seeing me remove it by the operation of ovariotomy, with, I am happy to say, complete success; and I propose now to make a few clinical remarks upon the subject.The patient was a married woman aged 29, and the mother of four children.In 1873, after a confinement, she noticed that her abdomen remained large.She was confined again in July I874, the enlargement still persisting, and she wore an abdominal belt for nine months.In the early part of I876, she noticed a hard lump in the abdomen, and applied for advice at a special hospital, when she was told that she had a fibrous tumour of the uterus, and attended for some months without benefit.She was recommended to me by a medical friend, and was admitted here on December 2nd, I876, when the following was her condition, as reported by Mr. Smith, the clinical clerk.
Mitochondrial Toxicity — New Adverse Drug Effects
Authors: Morton N. Swartz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has a major impact on the public health because of its frequency, morbidity, and late consequences. In the United States about 200,000 primary HBV infections occur annually. Between 5 and 10 percent of patients with primary infection become chronically infected. There are probably 750,000 to 1 million HBV carriers in the United States, and worldwide the number of carriers is 200 million to 300 million. Each year in the United States as many as 5000 patients die of chronic HBV infection (about 4000 from cirrhosis and 600 to 1000 from complicating liver cancer).1 Hence, considerable . . .
Risk for Cardiovascular Disease Early and Late After a Diagnosis of Giant-Cell Arteritis
Authors: Gunnar Tomasson, Christine Peloquin, Aladdin Mohammad, Thorvardur J. Love, Yuqing Zhang, Hyon K. Choi, Peter A. Merkel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Involvement of large arteries is well-documented in giant-cell arteritis (GCA), but the risk for cardiovascular events is not well-understood.To evaluate the risks for incident myocardial infarction (MI), cerebrovascular accident (CVA), and peripheral vascular disease (PVD) in individuals with incident GCA in a general population context.Observational cohort study.U.K. primary care database.3408 patients with incident GCA and 17 027 age- and sex-matched reference participants without baseline cardiovascular disease (MI, CVA, or PVD).Diagnoses of GCA, outcomes, and cardiovascular risk factors were identified from electronic medical records. One combined and 3 separate cohort analyses were conducted for the outcomes of MI, CVA, and PVD. The association of GCA with study outcomes is expressed with hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs after adjustment for potential cardiovascular risk factors.Among 3408 patients with GCA (73% female; mean age, 73 years), the incidence rates of MI, CVA, and PVD were 10.0, 8.0, and 4.2 events per 1000 person-years, respectively, versus 4.9, 6.3, and 2.0 events per 1000 person-years, respectively, among reference participants. The HRs were 1.70 (95% CI, 1.51 to 1.91) for the combined outcome, 2.06 (CI, 1.72 to 2.46) for MI, 1.28 (CI, 1.06 to 1.54) for CVA, and 2.13 (CI, 1.61 to 2.81) for PVD. The HRs were more pronounced in the first month after GCA diagnosis (combined HR, 4.92 [CI, 2.59 to 9.34]; HR for MI, 11.89 [CI, 2.40 to 59.00]; HR for CVA, 3.93 [CI, 1.76 to 8.79]; HR for PVD, 3.86 [CI, 0.78 to 19.17]).Information on temporal arterial biopsies was not available, and there was a substantial amount of missing data on cardiovascular risk factors.Giant-cell arteritis is associated with increased risks for MI, CVA, and PVD.National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases.
Methylprednisolone Therapy in Patients with Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis
Authors: Robert L. Carithers, H. Franklin Herlong, Anna Mae Diehl, Ellen W. Shaw, Burton Combes, Harold J. Fallon, Willis C. Maddrey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

To determine the efficacy of a corticosteroid in reducing the short-term mortality of patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis.Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial.Four university teaching hospitals.We enrolled 66 patients with alcoholic hepatitis and either spontaneous hepatic encephalopathy or a discriminant function value greater than 32, calculated using the formula: 4.6 (prothrombin time - control time) + serum bilirubin [in mumol/L]/17.1. Fifty-nine patients (89%) completed the study. Two patients withdrew from the trial. The other 64 patients were hospitalized for the duration of the trial; however, treatment was discontinued in 5 patients because of potential drug toxicity.Patients were randomly assigned to receive either methylprednisolone (32 mg) or placebo within 7 days of admission. Treatment was given for 28 days. The doses were then tapered over 2 weeks and discontinued.The endpoint of the study was death. Of the 31 recipients of placebo, 11 (35%) died within 28 days of randomization compared with 2 (6%) of the 35 patients given methylprednisolone (P = 0.006). The 95% CI for the difference in mortality was 12% to 70%. In the patients with spontaneous hepatic encephalopathy at entry, 9 of 19 recipients of placebo died (47%) compared with 1 (7%) of the 14 patients given methylprednisolone (P = 0.02). The 95% CI for the difference in mortality was 14% to 66%. The Cox proportional hazards regression model showed the advantage of methylprednisolone over placebo after adjustment for other potentially important prognostic variables (P = 0.004).Methylprednisolone therapy decreases short-term mortality in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis manifested either by spontaneous hepatic encephalopathy or a markedly elevated discriminant function value.
295 Treatment with soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFA) receptors (etanercept, ETA) results in a synergistic effect on T cell reactivity after exposure to pegylated (PEG) interferon (IFN)
Authors: N ZEIN, T BONEFIELD, L YENLIEBERMAN, M THOMASSEN
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

OBJECTIVES:Transfusion-acquired chronic hepatitis C infection and systemic iron overload are common in patients with β thalassemia major. The magnitude of hepatic iron overload has been associated with a poor response to interferon-based antiviral therapy for hepatitis C. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hepatic iron concentration (HIC) on response to interferon monotherapy in patients with massive hepatic iron overload.METHODS:Twenty-eight patients with β thalassemia major, transfusion-acquired iron overload, and chronic hepatitis C infection were prospectively treated with interferon for 6 months. HIC was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy before treatment. Serum iron, ferritin, hepatitis C virus genotype, viral load, and liver histology were analyzed.RESULTS:Eight patients (28%) achieved a sustained virological response that has been durable after a mean of 66 months of follow-up. The median HIC was 2583 μg/g dry weight. There was no difference in HIC between responders and nonresponders to therapy. Serum hepatitis C virus RNA was lower in responders than in nonresponders. Genotype 1 was more frequent in nonresponders, and non-1 genotypes were more frequent in responders, although this did not reach statistical significance because of patient numbers.CONCLUSIONS:A long term response to interferon is unrelated to HIC in this patient group, and a durable response can occur despite massive iron overload. HIC may be a factor in liver cell injury, but it does not reliably predict a response to interferon therapy.
1091-212 Heart rate variability footprint: New diagnostic tool to monitor the clinical benefit of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with end-stage heart failure
Authors: Marianne Bootsma, Philippine Kiès, Sander G Molhoek, Rob de Melker, Lieselot van Erven, Ernst E van der Wall, Martin J Schalij
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Quality of care in for-profit and not-for-profit nursing homes: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: V. R Comondore, P J Devereaux, Q. Zhou, S. B Stone, J. W Busse, N. C Ravindran, K. E Burns, T. Haines, B. Stringer, D. J Cook, S. D Walter, T. Sullivan, O. Berwanger, M. Bhandari, S. Banglawala, J. N Lavis, B. Petrisor, H. Schunemann, K. Walsh, N. Bhatnagar, G. H Guyatt
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To compare quality of care in for-profit and not-for-profit nursing homes. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and randomised controlled trials investigating quality of care in for-profit versus not-for-profit nursing homes. <b>Results</b> A comprehensive search yielded 8827 citations, of which 956 were judged appropriate for full text review. Study characteristics and results of 82 articles that met inclusion criteria were summarised, and results for the four most frequently reported quality measures were pooled. Included studies reported results dating from 1965 to 2003. In 40 studies, all statistically significant comparisons (P&lt;0.05) favoured not-for-profit facilities; in three studies, all statistically significant comparisons favoured for-profit facilities, and the remaining studies had less consistent findings. Meta-analyses suggested that not-for-profit facilities delivered higher quality care than did for-profit facilities for two of the four most frequently reported quality measures: more or higher quality staffing (ratio of effect 1.11, 95% confidence interval 1.07 to 1.14, P&lt;0.001) and lower pressure ulcer prevalence (odds ratio 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.83 to 0.98, P=0.02). Non-significant results favouring not-for-profit homes were found for the two other most frequently used measures: physical restraint use (odds ratio 0.93, 0.82 to 1.05, P=0.25) and fewer deficiencies in governmental regulatory assessments (ratio of effect 0.90, 0.78 to 1.04, P=0.17). <b>Conclusions</b> This systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence suggests that, on average, not-for-profit nursing homes deliver higher quality care than do for-profit nursing homes. Many factors may, however, influence this relation in the case of individual institutions.
INDOL: ITS RELATION TO PROLONGED SUPPURATION AND LARDACEOUS CHANGE.
Authors: F. LEONARD VAUX
Journal: JAMA (1898)

In demonstrating the proteids of food as the normal, and therefore the most constant factor in the production of indol, one must not overlook the disintegration of albuminoid tissue. To do so would be a serious omission, for the recognition of an intense indican reaction as a valuable aid in diagnosis, and its general adoption as such by the medical profession must rest largely upon its relation to suppuration and allied degenerative processes, as in the necrosis of syphilis or carcinoma. Indol is set free whenever any of the following processes exist: 1. Suppuration in a closed cavity. 2. Continued suppuration with a free outlet. 3. Ulceration or necrosis of tissue. As regards the intensity of an indicanuria from either of the first two causes, three factors must be considered:<i>a</i>, the length of time in which the purulent fluid has been secreted;<i>b</i>, the adaptability of the enclosing surfaces
Patients with small abdominal aortic aneurysms should "wait and see"
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Two new studies suggest that patients with small abdominal aortic aneurysms are safer adopting a wait and see approach rather than having immediate surgery to repair the weakened vessel.

The two new studies—one British, one American—find that male patients with aneurysms less than 5.5 cm in diameter are likely to live just as long if they delay surgical repair.

Delaying surgery postpones the risks associated with a complicated procedure and lets patients take advantage of future technological improvements, which might make surgery a little easier, according to the lead author of one of the studies, Dr Frank Lederle of the Veterans Affairs Medical Centers in Minneapolis, Minnesota ( N Engl J Med 2002;346:1437-44).

In the study by Dr Lederle, researchers randomly …
Whooping-cough immunization.
Authors: M C Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1980)

problems, and deafness,9 10 as well as sudden infant death."112The task of clearing the population of potentially dangerous viruses before immuni- sation may well prove impossible; but does that justify our setting up ill-founded contra- indications, rather than real ones, and then shooting them down in order to prove that our vaccines are safe ?
INSULIN-INDUCED GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS IN THE RABBIT
Authors: Steven C. Mohos, Gordon R. Hennigar, John A. Fogelman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

An attempt has been made to induce intercapillary glomerulosclerosis in rabbits by immunization with insulin incorporated in Freund's adjuvant and followed by repeated challenges with subcutaneously given insulin. It was observed that lesions resembling human diabetic glomerulosclerosis with occasional nodule-like formation could be produced and that the challenge insulin injections produced proteinuria. The presence of a delayed type of hypersensitivity seemed necessary for the lesions to occur as did the dissemination of the immunizing material to the kidneys. The experiment also disclosed that intravenously given DIS-tagged insulin localizes in a subtly different kind of glomerular lesion with different staining properties. The significance of these findings and the possible role of insulin treatment in the pathogenesis of human diabetic glomerulosclerosis is discussed.
Maharishi Ayur-Veda
Authors: Herbert L. Rosedale
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To the Editor.  —Your publication of the Letter From New Delhi 1 was shocking. As president of the American Family Foundation, an organization of professionals including lawyers, psychiatrists, and psychologists, as well as religious leaders dedicated to educating the public of the dangers of destructive cults, I am appalled that this letter found its way into your journal. Clearly, this letter is part of a carefully orchestrated and well-financed plan by the TM movement to obtain credibility and acceptance in our society for its unscientific jargon and religious rituals.  Lending your journal to a campaign of this kind seriously exposes you to legal liability for those who might rely on your reputation and follow the described advice and practices, including purification and elimination therapies to achieve increased longevity, reduced anxiety, and alleviation of rheumatoid arthritis and bronchitis. The least you could do would be to forthwith make arrangements for publication
PT-11 * THALAMIC TUMORS IN CHILDREN: THE CURRENT ROLE OF SURGERY IN A MULTIMODAL TREATMENT APPROACH
Authors: I. Slavc, C. Dorfer, C. Haberler, M. Chocholous, A. A. Azizi, A. Peyrl, K. Dieckmann, T. Czech
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Thalamic tumors are rare neoplastic lesions usually of glial lineage representing about 2- 5% of all pediatric brain tumors. We report on our experience in the management of thalamic tumors in children and analyze the current role of surgery in a multimodal treatment approach. We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of all children treated at our institution for a thalamic tumor since March 1992. Neuroimaging data were reviewed for anatomic location, contrast enhancement, solid and cystic components, and extent of resection. Tumors primarily localized in the basal ganglia, hypothalamus, pineal gland and optic pathway were excluded. All histologic specimens were reexamined for the study by one neuropathologist. From 1992 to 2014, 36 children with a thalamic tumor were identified. The median age at diagnosis was 9.2 (range 1-19) years with a male:female ratio of 1:1. Tumors were unilateral in 29 and bilateral in 7 patients. Histology was pilocytic astrocytoma (PA, WHO I) in 10 patients, astrocytoma WHO II or glioma NOS in 7 patients, glioma WHO III or IV in 17, and atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) in 2 patients. Surgery consisted of a GTR in 6, STR in 9, PR in 9, and biopsy in 12 patients. 22/26 WHO II-IV tumors were irradiated and all WHO III and IV tumors received adjuvant chemotherapy. 3/10 patients with PA received chemotherapy. 5-year OS for the whole cohort was 56.2 ± 8.6% and 5-year EFS was 47.6 ± 8.7%. For the 2 patients with ATRT and the 10 with PA the 5-year OS was 100% versus 36.1 ± 10.1% for the remaining patients. Gross total tumor removal is recommended for PA. In unilateral non-pilocytic tumors the attempt at extensive resection should be decided on individually since most tumors will be candidates for adjuvant treatment. Bilateral thalamic tumors should initially be biopsied.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON PNEUMOCOCCUS INFECTIONS
Authors: S. Strouse
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1909)

1. Phagocytosis of pneumococci in vitro runs parallel with phagocytosis in vivo. 2. Virulence depends not only on resistance to phagocytosis, but also on the ability to grow in the body of the animal. 3. The biological reaction of the pigeon to pneumococcus infection does not differ from that of the mouse. 4. The "immunity" of the pigeon to pneumococcus infection is due to its normal high temperature.
AIDS: a faltering step.
Authors: M Adler, D J Jeffries
Journal: BMJ (1987)

A shocking American report with lessons for all A remarkable and chilling report from a subcommittee of the United States House of Representatives detailed many experiments in which people were exposed to potentially toxic doses of radioactivity simply to satisfy scientific curiosity.'The people had no hope of benefiting themselves.In some cases they had given "informed consent," although it is doubtful that they had been well informed about the dangers of radiation.Those who were not asked to consent were prisoners or hospital patients including the mentally and terminally ill.The experiments took place between 1945 and 1971; the early experiments might be excused by the ignorance of the long term effects of radiation, or explained by the atomic hubris that followed the bombing of Hiro- shima, but some ofthe later experiments took place when the dangers were only too well known.Some examples will give the flavour of the report.Between 1961 and 1965 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 20 elderly volunteers from the nearby New England Age Center were injected with radium or thorium to examine the metabolism of these substances.The subjects had volunteered to take part in experiments studying the aging process but not a study such as that done.There was no benefit to the volunteers and no long term follow up.From 1945 to 1947, 18 hospital patients with a short expectation of life were injected with plutonium to measure the quantity retained in the body.The subjects received between 1-6 and 98 times the permissible occupational dose at that time.One of the subjects was 5 years old.There was no informed consent, and many of the original diagnoses were inaccurate; seven of the patients lived for more than 10 years, four for more than 25 years, and one was alive 36 years after the experiment.The injections were represented as experimental treatments for the patients' illnesses-a state- ment that was palpably dishonest.Between 1963 and 1971 over 100 inmates of Washington and Oregon state prisons were subjected to testicular irradia- tion to determine a dose that Would sterilise them.
Activated Cholinergic Signaling Provides a Target in Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Pingfang Song, Harmanjatinder S. Sekhon, Xiao Wen Fu, Michelle Maier, Yibing Jia, Jie Duan, Becky J. Proskosil, Courtney Gravett, Jon Lindstrom, Gregory P. Mark, Saurabh Saha, Eliot R. Spindel
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

The binding of exogenous nicotine to nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors (nAChR) and the binding of endogenous ACh to both nAChR and muscarinic ACh receptors (mAChR) stimulate growth of both small cell and non-small cell lung carcinomas. Understanding how cholinergic signaling is up-regulated in lung cancer may suggest new therapeutic approaches. Analysis of 28 squamous cell lung carcinomas (SCC) showed increased levels of alpha5 and beta3 nAChR mRNA and increased levels of ACh associated with increased levels of choline acetyltransferase mRNA and decreased cholinesterase mRNAs. Lynx1, an allosteric inhibitor of nAChR activity, was also decreased in SCC. Thus, cholinergic signaling is broadly increased in SCC caused by increased levels of receptors, increased levels of ligands, and decreased levels of receptor inhibitors. Partially explaining the cholinergic up-regulation seen in SCC, incubation of the H520 SCC cell line with nicotine increased levels of ACh secretion, increased expression of nAChR, and, as measured by electrophysiologic recording, increased activity of the expressed nAChR. Consistent with these effects, nicotine stimulated proliferation of H520 cells. One approach to blocking proliferative effects of nicotine and ACh on growth of lung cancers may be through M3 mAChR antagonists, which can limit the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase that is caused by both nicotinic and muscarinic signaling. This was tested with the M3-selective muscarinic antagonist darifenacin. Darifenacin blocked nicotine-stimulated H520 growth in vitro and also blocked H520 growth in nude mice in vivo. Thus, cholinergic signaling is broadly up-regulated in SCC and blocking cholinergic signaling can limit basal and nicotine-stimulated growth of SCC.
Serum Amyloid A to Monitor Cancer Dissemination
Authors: C. JULIAN ROSENTHAL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

The level of serum amyloid A, a protein previously found to behave as an acute-phase reactant, was measured by a radioimmunoassay in 621 patients with various neoplastic diseases free of inflammatory processes. In all but eight of the 289 patients with solid tumors with distant metastases, in all patients with myelocytic leukemia with high leukocyte counts, and in all patients with advanced lymphoma, the serum amyloid A level was above 400 ng/mL It was below this value in all tested patients with lymphocytic leukemia and in 250 of 270 patients with solid malignant tumors with localized or regional disease. Among the 20 patients from this latter group with levels higher than 400 ng/mL, 16 developed distant metastases within 214 days from the initial measurement. The serum amyloid A level decreased significantly in patients with lymphoma and those with metastatic solid tumors who responded to chemotherapy. Thus the level of serum amyloid A can be used as a biochemical marker that discriminates between disseminated and localized or regional disease, and monitors the response to therapy.