tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evidence that interference with binding to hepatic cytosol binders can inhibit bile acid excretion in rats
Authors: H Takikawa, Y Sugiyama, J C Fernandez-Checa, J Kuhlenkamp, M Ookhtens, N Kaplowitz
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

We previously identified that Y' bile acid binders (3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases) interact with bile acids in intact rat hepatocytes using [3beta-3H, C24-14C]bile acids and that indomethacin, a competitive inhibitor of 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, inhibits 3H-loss from the C3-position of bile acids as well as inhibits hepatic bile acid removal and excretion. To study the kinetics of these inhibitory effects, glycocholate transport was studied in the absence and presence of indomethacin in the single-pass perfused rat liver. Indomethacin decreased net hepatic glycocholate uptake in the perfused liver, which was confirmed in isolated hepatocytes and basolateral liver plasma membrane vesicles. However, indomethacin markedly increased the sinusoidal efflux and decreased the biliary excretion of glycocholate in the perfused liver. These observations indicate that the effect of indomethacin to delay biliary glycocholate excretion is related to either intracellular or canalicular glycocholate transport. The latter possibility seemed unlikely because indomethacin did not inhibit electrogenic or adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent glycocholate uptake by canalicular liver plasma membrane vesicles. Thus, the current data support an important role for binding of bile acids to cytosolic proteins in overall hepatic transport and suggest that specific interference with cytosolic binding can interfere with the excretion of bile acids.
Diapers and Day Care
Authors: Suzanne Bradley
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —On evaluating the article "The Effect of Diaper Type and Overclothing on Fecal Contamination in Day-care Centers," by Van et al,<sup>1</sup>we find flaws regarding the institution of controls. The researchers chose several environmental surfaces to culture, including diaper-pail handles and changing-table surfaces. Contamination of a diaper-pail handle, however, comes directly from the hands of the diaper changer for the most part and may not reflect effects of diaper type in relation to containability at all. Regardless of the diaper type used, it is the technique of the changer and the degree to which she or he directly contaminated her or his own hands that impacts on the amount of contamination present on a diaper-pail handle. Similarly, a changing-table surface may become grossly contaminated during the changing process, perhaps related to the amount of fecal material, the use and type of wet wipes, and the technique
Prescribing Trends in Psychotropic Medications
Authors: Harold Alan Pincus, Terri L. Tanielian, Steven C. Marcus, Mark Olfson, Deborah A. Zarin, James Thompson, Julie Magno Zito
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.—Psychotropic medications are widely prescribed, but how new classes of psychotropic medications have affected prescribing patterns has not been well documented.Objective.—To examine changes between 1985 and 1994 (data from 1993 and 1994 were combined) in the prescribing patterns of psychotropic medications by office-based primary care physicians, psychiatrists, and other medical specialists.Design.—National estimates for the number of visits during which a physician prescribed a psychotropic medication based on the National Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys conducted in 1985, 1993, and 1994.Setting.—Office-based physician practices in the United States.Participants.—A systematically sampled group of office-based physicians.Main Outcome Measures.—National estimates of visits that included a psychotropic medication.Results.—The number of visits during which a psychotropic medication was prescribed increased from 32.73 million to 45.64 million; the proportion of such visits, as a proportion of all visits, increased from 5.1% to 6.5% (P≤.01). Antianxiety or hypnotic drug visits, previously the largest category, decreased as a proportion of psychotropic drug visits (P≤.01) and are now surpassed by antidepressant visits. Visits for depression increased from 10.99 million in 1988 to 20.43 million in 1993 and 1994 (P≤.01). Stimulant drug visits increased from 0.57 million to 2.86 million (P≤.01). Although visits for depression doubled for both primary care physicians and psychiatrists, the proportion of visits for depression during which an antidepressant was prescribed increased for psychiatrists but not for primary care physicians.Conclusions.—The patterns of psychotropic medication use in outpatient medical practice changed dramatically during the study period, especially in psychiatric practice.
ME491 Melanoma-Associated Glycoprotein Family: Antigenic Identity of ME491, NKI/C-3, Neuroglandular Antigen (NGA), and CD63 Proteins
Authors: Douglas J. Demetrick, Dorothee Herlyn, Mary Tretiak, David Creasey, Hans Clevers, Larry A. Donoso, Claus J. G. M. Vennegoor, Walter T. Dixon, L. Martin Jerry
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article ME491 Melanoma-Associated Glycoprotein Family: Antigenic Identity of ME491, NKI/C-3, Neuroglandular Antigen (NGA), and CD63 Proteins Get access Douglas J. Demetrick, Douglas J. Demetrick Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dorothee Herlyn, Dorothee Herlyn Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mary Tretiak, Mary Tretiak Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar David Creasey, David Creasey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hans Clevers, Hans Clevers Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Larry A. Donoso, Larry A. Donoso Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Claus J. G. M. Vennegoor, Claus J. G. M. Vennegoor Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Walter T. Dixon, Walter T. Dixon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. Martin Jerry L. Martin Jerry Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 6, 18 March 1992, Pages 422–429, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.6.422 Published: 18 March 1992 Article history Received: 10 September 1991 Revision received: 25 November 1991 Accepted: 20 December 1991 Published: 18 March 1992
Please don't touch me there: the ethics of intimate examinations: Integrated approach to teaching and learning clinical skills
Authors: D. Nestel
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Coldicott et al raise several issues.1 How do students acquire clinical skills without practising on patients? Rather than contribute to the ethical debate, we propose that alternatives be explored to support students in the development of clinical skills.

Coldicott et al recognise that technical skill is just one …
Whole Genome Scan for Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obesity in African-American Families
Authors: Lyle J. Palmer, Sarah G. Buxbaum, Emma K. Larkin, Sanjay R. Patel, Robert C. Elston, Peter V. Tishler, Susan Redline
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common, chronic disease associated with obesity. OSA and obesity are both prevalent in African Americans, who are also at increased risk for secondary complications. To identify susceptibility loci for OSA, we undertook a 9-centimorgans genome scan in 59 African-American pedigrees ascertained on the basis of either an affected individual with laboratory-confirmed disease or a proband who was a neighborhood control subject. Variance component linkage analysis was performed for the quantitative phenotypes apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) and body mass index. A candidate region on chromosome 8q (logarithm of odds [LOD] = 1.29, p = 0.006) gave the only evidence for linkage to the AHI. Body mass index was linked to multiple regions, most significantly to markers on chromosome 4q (LOD = 2.63, p = 0.0006) and 8q (LOD = 2.56, p = 0.0007). Evidence of linkage to the AHI was only slightly reduced after adjustment for body mass index. After adjustment for the AHI, some of the primary linkages to body mass index were greatly reduced whereas others remained suggestive. Our results suggest that there are both shared and unshared genetic factors underlying susceptibility to OSA and obesity, and that the genetic determinants of obesity in this population may be modulated by apnea severity.
Outpatient Surgery: Boom or Doom?
Authors: Elemer K. Zsigmond
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To the Editor.  — Outpatient or ambulatory surgery results in large savings in health care costs—a big boom in reducing the per capita cost. If well managed, the risks of outpatient surgery are not greater than inpatient procedures. The sine qua non of a safe ambulatory surgical center is that the surgical and anesthesia care is equal to or surpasses that available for inpatients.  However, one frequently encounters patients preoperatively who are extremely anxious, since these outpatients received no preanesthetic medication on the morning of surgery. A large number of patients report that they have slept less than usual, and an occasional patient reports an attack of anxiety during the night.  A hypnotic agent given the night before and an antianxiety drug given on the morning of surgery may help to maintain normal diurnal cortisol levels, and an antianxiety agent reduces the abnormal increase in cortisol levels before and during
BÁRÁNY CHAIR TESTS AND FLYING ABILITY
Authors: F. H. Pike
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the article on "Bárány Chair Tests and Flying Ability" (The Journal, April 13, 1918, p. 1064), Parsons and Segar conclude with the statement that "the evidence, therefore, seems to point to an absence of correlation between equilibrium tests, as established in the Bárány chair, and actual flying ability." While it is not clear just what impelled the writers to attempt "the correlation study of one hundred naval aviators," the article clearly implies to the medical reader unfamiliar with the principles underlying the tests of the internal ear that the Bárány test was intended to foretell the flying ability of the applicant tested. Just so far as this impression is conveyed by this article, the article is ill advised and untimely. It would naturally be as illogical and unwarranted to deduce that the aviator has no need of normal vision and eye muscle balance, on discovering that
Lipids, apoprotein B, and associated coronary risk factors in urban and rural older Mexican populations
Authors: Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Israel Lerman-Garber, Jesus Pérez, Antonio R. Villa, Cristina Llaca Martinez, Leticia Cervantes Turrubiatez, Belia Wong, Francisco Javier Gómez Pérez, Luis Miguel Gutierrez Robledo
Journal: Metabolism (2001)
TREATMENT OF RECURRENT INOPERABLE CARCINOMA OF BREAST BY RADIUM AND ROENTGEN RAY
Authors: BURTON J. LEE
Journal: JAMA (1922)

All cases of carcinoma of the breast may be classified in one of five clinical groups, (1) primary operable; (2) primary inoperable; (3) recurrent operable; (4) recurrent inoperable, and the (5) prophylactic group, the last comprising patients referred to us following radical operation of the breast for prophylactic irradiation, there being no obvious evidence of cancerous disease at the time of their admission. The present paper is a study of recurrent mammary cancer treated in the breast clinic at the Memorial Hospital during the years 1918, 1919 and 1920, comprising a series of 218 patients, practically all of whom have been completely followed up to the present date. We have included none from the 1921 group, as sufficient time has not elapsed to warrant reporting the results of treatment. The object of this paper is to determine whether or not radiologic treatment of recurrent carcinoma of the breast is justified
Hypotension During Percutaneous Renal Biopsy
Authors: Kenneth D. Gardner
Journal: JAMA (1963)

ON SEVERAL OCCASIONS during the past 5 years we have recorded the gradual appearance of hypotension in previously normotensive or mildly hypertensive patients undergoing percutaneous renal biopsy. Most of these hypotensive episodes have been mild and have not interfered with the biopsy routine which we usually follow. 1 Those episodes of hypotension which we encountered early in our experience with percutaneous renal biopsy we attributed, in passing, to procaine hydrochloride sensitivity, to side-effects of the meperidine-secobarbital premedication, or to some influence of the patient's psyche on his vascular tone. As our biopsy experience has grown, however, we have found a more specific etiology for at least some of these episodes.  We have a combined percutaneous renal biopsy experience of over 800 cases. In this series we have encountered 15 individuals in whom systolic blood pressures have declined during biopsy to levels below 90 mm Hg (as low as 40 mm
Endogenous Estrogen Deficiency Reduces Proliferation and Enhances Apoptosis-Related Death in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Shanhong Ling, Aozhi Dai, Rodney J. Dilley, Margaret Jones, Evan Simpson, Paul A. Komesaroff, Krishnankutty Sudhir
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Altered proliferation and death of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are important mechanisms in vascular growth and remodeling. This study examined the effect of endogenous estrogens on VSMC proliferation.An estrogen-deficient animal model, the aromatase-knockout (ArKO) mouse, was used. Primary cultures of VSMCs were established from aortas of 11-week-old male and female ArKO and wild-type (WT) mice. In ArKO cells, the absence of aromatase cytochrome P450 mRNA expression was demonstrated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; Western blotting showed normal expression of estrogen receptor protein. Proliferative responses to serum or platelet-derived growth factor-BB were lower in ArKO than WT cells; 17beta-estradiol (E2, 10 nmol/L) enhanced the response to platelet-derived growth factor-BB in ArKO cells but inhibited the response in WT cells. E2 inhibited activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK1/2 in WT but not ArKO cells. Apoptosis-related death caused by tumor necrosis factor-alpha was greater in ArKO than in WT cells; this effect in ArKO was attenuated by E2. Differences in VSMC proliferation between ArKO and WT occurred in both sexes. Morphological studies in aortas derived from male mice at 1 year of age demonstrated that medial smooth muscle area was approximately 10% less in ArKO than WT mice at this age.Deficiency of endogenous estrogens reduces proliferation and enhances apoptosis-related death in VSMCs; exogenous E2 corrects these abnormalities.
Weapons of Mass Destruction Events With Contaminated Casualties
Authors: Anthony G. Macintyre, George W. Christopher, Edward Eitzen, Jr, Robert Gum, Scott Weir, Craig DeAtley, Kevin Tonat, Joseph A. Barbera
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Biological and chemical terrorism is a growing concern for the emergency preparedness community. While health care facilities (HCFs) are an essential component of the emergency response system, at present they are poorly prepared for such incidents. The greatest challenge for HCFs may be the sudden presentation of large numbers of contaminated individuals. Guidelines for managing contaminated patients have been based on traditional hazardous material response or military experience, neither of which is directly applicable to the civilian HCF. We discuss HCF planning for terrorist events that expose large numbers of people to contamination. Key elements of an effective HCF response plan include prompt recognition of the incident, staff and facility protection, patient decontamination and triage, medical therapy, and coordination with external emergency response and public health agencies. Controversial aspects include the optimal choice of personal protective equipment, establishment of patient decontamination procedures, the role of chemical and biological agent detectors, and potential environmental impacts on water treatment systems. These and other areas require further investigation to improve response strategies.
Drug points: Serious interaction between warfarin and oral terbinafine
Authors: J A Warwick, R J Corrall
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Drug interactions with warfarin are a common cause of loss of control of anticoagulation. Oral treatment with the antifungal drug griseofulvin decreases the anticoagulant effect of warfarin,1 but, to our knowledge, ours is the first report of an interaction between warfarin and the oral antifungal terbinafine.

A 68 year old woman had taken warfarin for mitral valve disease since 1973. In the two years before November 1995 her daily maintenance dose was 5.5 mg. Monthly measurements of the international normalised ratio were stable at between 2 and 3. She also had non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. She took glibenclamide, metformin, frusemide, and spironolactone, the doses of which had not been …
GDNF is not required for catecholaminergic neuron survival in vivo
Authors: Jaakko Kopra, Carolina Vilenius, Shane Grealish, Mari-Anne Härma, Kärt Varendi, Jesse Lindholm, Eero Castrén, Vootele Võikar, Anders Björklund, T Petteri Piepponen, Mart Saarma, Jaan-Olle Andressoo
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2015)
Abstract 4033: Identification and characterization of a truncated RUNX3 gene variant with putative dominant-negative function
Authors: Wen Min Lau, Hui Shan Chong, Kirsten Anne Pagaduan Lopez, Eileen Teng, Shing Leng Chan
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Stem cells and cancer stem cells show a distinct proliferative potential for forming clonal floating colonies in vitro, termed tumor spheres. We have generated tumor spheres from a clinical gastric cancer sample (GCIC38) using serum-free culture, and expression of EpCAM and cytokeratin proteins confirmed the epithelial origin of these cells. GCIC38 sphere-derived cells were able to initiate tumors in NOD/SCID mice that recapitulate the tumor in the gastric cancer patient. Real-time PCR analysis showed that in contrast to human gastric cancer cell lines AGS, SNU16 and NCI-N87, GCIC38 sphere-derived cells express relatively high levels of stem cell markers such as SOX2, Musashi-1, and Bmi-1. Surprisingly, mRNA expression of the well-known tumor suppressor for gastric cancer, RUNX3, was found to be 4.6 and 16-fold higher than that of SNU16 and NCI-N87 cells respectively. Consistently, western blot analyses showed that GCIC38 sphere-derived cells express high levels of RUNX3 compared to a panel of gastric cancer cell lines. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed that RUNX3 was expressed in the nuclei of these cells, ruling out the possibility of RUNX3 protein mislocalization. To further characterize RUNX3 in GCIC38 sphere-derived gastric cancer cells, we cloned and identified a novel truncated 0.4kb RUNX3 variant (RUNX3-LG) that is expressed concurrently with the 1.2kb full length RUNX3 transcript (wt-RUNX3) in these cells. Sequence analysis revealed that RUNX3-LG is a truncated form of RUNX3 variant 2 encoded by a transcript utilizing the P2 promoter. There are no mutations in the wt-RUNX3 transcript whilst exons 3, 4 and 5 are spliced out in the RUNX3-LG transcript resulting in the deletion of RUNT domain in the RUNX3-LG protein. Immunoprecipitation studies using RUNX3 antibodies showed endogenous expression of a 15kDa protein in GCIC38 sphere-derived cells, concordant with the predicted size of RUNX3-LG protein. Preliminary data show that ectopic over-expression of RUNX3-LG in AGS gastric cancer cells results in reduced expression of RUNX3 target genes Claudin-1, S100A2 and p21. We propose that RUNX3-LG may be a dominant negative variant in gastric cancer cells with high wt-RUNX3 expression, which may abrogate wt-RUNX3 gene function including its tumor-suppressive effects. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4033. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4033
Physicians continue to study cause(s) of 'bubble' boy's death
Authors: K. Simmons
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Not the least of problems associated with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) are the grief and solitude felt by the patient's parents. Because SCID is such a rare disease, these parents are often alone, at least when they come to visit their child at the hospital. But being alone on a hospital ward does not have to mean solitude, especially for the 800 or so members of a national nonprofit organization, the Immune Deficiency Foundation. Founded three years ago by Marcia Boyle to develop a support network, the foundation's membership comprises family, friends, nurses, and physicians of patients with any of the primary immunodeficiency diseases. (Boyle, who is president of the organization, says she has had "very few" inquiries from patients or families of patients with<i>acquired</i>immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS], probably because there are so many support groups devoted solely to them.) The Immune Deficiency Foundation's ultimate goals are "to support
Meckel??s Diverticulum in a 41-Year-Old Patient
Authors: NORMAN R. LAURIN, JOHN E. POWE, ALBERTA DREDGER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

The authors report the case of a 41-year-old man with Meckel's diverticulum with recurrent undiagnosed melena and negative extensive investigations on three occasions. A diagnosis of ectopic gastric mucosa was finally made by pertechnetate scintigraphy and confirmed surgically. The authors believe this to be one of the oldest patients reported with a Meckel's diverticulum clearly demonstrated on Tc-99m pertechnetate scintigraphy. In properly selected adults (i.e., recurrent painless gas-trointestinal bleeding and negative extensive investigation), the use of pertechnetate scintigraphy should always be considered.
Determinants of platelet responsiveness to nitric oxide in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: R.A. Anderson, G.R. Ellis, Y.Y. Chirkov, A.S. Holmes, N. Payne, D.J. Blackman, S.K. Jackson, M.J. Lewis, J.D. Horowitz, M.P. Frenneaux
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2003)
O44 PERSONALISED TRANSPLANTATION DECISION-MAKING IN ACUTE LIVER FAILURE: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A NOVEL DYNAMIC OUTCOME PREDICTION MODEL FOR PARACETAMOL-INDUCED DISEASE
Authors: W. Bernal, Y. Wang, J. Maggs, C. Willars, E. Sizer, G. Auzinger, N. Heaton, J. O'Grady, R. Williams, J. Wendon
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)