tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4980: Age dependent carcinogenic susceptibility of rat liver is related to potential of gap junctional intercellular communication
Authors: Aya Naiki-Ito, Makoto Asamoto, Satoru Takahashi, Tomoyuki Shirai
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Cancer incidence rises with age, thus, it seems that advancing age is one of the most important risk factors for malignancy. Several factors have been implicated, like DNA alterations. However, there is little experimental evidence to establish the link between aging and carcinogenesis. Gap junctions have important roles in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and the control of cell growth and differentiation. Connexins are subunits of gap junction channels, which allow intercellular exchange of small molecules, such as ions, second messengers, and cellular metabolites between contacting cells. In the liver, connexin 32 (Cx32) is a major gap junction protein. We previously demonstrated that transgenic rats carrying a dominant negative mutant of Cx32 (Cx32ΔTg) have much decreased capacity for gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), and increased susceptibility to diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis as compared to littermate wild-type (wt) rats. In order to evaluate the age-dependent susceptibility to DEN-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, male Cx32ΔTg and wt rats at 10, 30 or 85 week-old (wk-old) were given a single intraperitoneal administration of DEN (40 mg/rat) and sacrificed 12 weeks later. The number and area of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive preneoplastic foci were significantly increased in the liver of 10 and 30 wk-old Cx32ΔTg rats compared with age-matched wt. However, in the 85 wk-old rats, both Cx32ΔTg and wt rats had similarly large number and area of GST-P-positive foci, and the difference was not significant. In accordance with these results, the lack of a difference at 85 weeks may be supposed to the initial lower levels of Cx32 and GJIC function in older wt rats. To confirm this hypothesis, we examined alteration of GJIC function with age in the livers of wt type rats at 10, 40, 70 and 100 wk-old. Interestingly, function of hepatic GJIC was gradually reduced, and protein and mRNA expression of Cx32 were also decreased with aging in wt rats. In summary, the present study shows that GJIC function is decreased with aging in rats, and it may cause promotion of hepatocarcinogenesis in older rats. In addition, Cx32ΔTg may be a good model to study roles of gap junctions in aged liver. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4980. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4980
“Hibernating Myocardium”: A Confusing Term?
Authors: Albert J. Miller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

To the Editor: The process of hibernation, the “winter sleep of warm-blooded animals,” is a physiologic mechanism of self-protection that remains little understood. Webster's New World Dictionary defines hibernate as “to pass the winter in a torpid state.”1 The Oxford English Dictionary describes hibernation as “the action of wintering, or passing the winter” or “the dormant condition into which many animals and plants pass when the temperature falls below certain limits.”2 It also describes the figurative use of the word as “any condition or period of dormancy or suspended activity.” These definitions refer to normal states. The initiation of hibernation . . .
Thorotrast and Carcinogenesis
Authors: Richard B. Cattell
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Thorotrast (a colloidal suspension of thorium dioxide) was introduced to the radiological armamentarium in 1928<sup>1</sup>and rapidly achieved widespread popularity as a contrast medium for cerebral angiography, hepatolienography, myelography, and salpingography. Since that time the accumulation of cases of malignant disease, fibroses of vital structures, and anemias which might be attributed to thorium dioxide has virtually prohibited its use, although doubts have been raised concerning the mechanism of their causation. This literature has been recently reviewed by Looney.<sup>2</sup> Although the majority of carcinomas that occur after administration of thorium dioxide suspension are found in the liver,<sup>2</sup>local tumor induction has also been reported in man<sup>3</sup>and animals.<sup>4</sup>This induction is well illustrated by the following case. A 48-year-old Portuguese woman underwent salpingography as part of a sterility investigation in 1938. Presumably a colloidal suspension of thorium dioxide was the radiopaque agent employed. Apparently at least
INHIBITION OF HUMAN LEUKOCYTE MIGRATION INHIBITORY FACTOR (LIF) BY α‐L‐FUCOSE
Authors: K. BENDTZEN
Journal: Allergy (1975)

Peak leukocyte migration inhibitory activity was produced in vitro by human lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin A and eluted from Sephadex G-100 gel columns in fractions containing molecules of mol. wt. 40,000-50,000 daltons. No activity was found in fractions containing molecules of mol. wt. 23,000 daltons which is the estimated size of the human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). In the present experiments migration inhibition was tested on human peripheral blood leukocytes migrating under agarose. Unconcentrated supernatant activity was reduced in a dose-related manner by alpha-L-fucose. At a concentration of 0.1 M alpha-L-fucose, the mediator activity was completely neutralized. The effect was reversible and specific for alpha-L-fucose. Concentrated supernatant activity, however, was only slightly reduced even in the presence of a higher concentration of sugar. The possible role of alpha-L-fucose as a part of a mediator receptor on the indicator cells is discussed.
Fixing the Eyeball in Cataract Extraction
Authors: G. C. Savage
Journal: JAMA (1910)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> Since the publication of my paper, read at the St. Louis meeting, I have been informed by my friend, Dr. Ziegler of Philadelphia, that my method of fixing the eyeball in cataract extraction was first resorted to by Macnamara. The following is quoted from page 54 of the fourth edition of his book: "Suppose the right eye is to be operated on; the surgeon, standing behind his patient, with a pair of fixing forceps, seizes a fold of the conjunctiva, together with the tendon of the internal rectus, so as to have a steady, firm hold on the eyeball." On page 56 he mentions the fact that the tendon grasp is continued while he dislocates and delivers the cataract with a scoop. Of course I must surrender my claim of originality, so far as<i>the grasp of the tendon of the internal rectus muscle is concerned</i>. My
ACUTE PULMONARY OEDEMA
Authors: A. Ramsbottom
Journal: BMJ (1935)

The exudation of serous fluid into the alveoli and alveolar walls of the lungs is commonly met with as a chronic con- dition when for any reason the myocardium is debilitated.This form of oedema is a passive phenomenon, and affects the bases of the lungs.It is characterized by crepitations at the bases of both lungs, with or without impairment of resonance, but never with actual dullness on percussion, unless, as in severe cases, it is associated with hydrothorax.Such oedema calls for no treatment beyond that which is necessary for the underlying disease.In old people it may
Psoriasis and Hemodialysis
Authors: T. J. BUSELMEIER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1979Psoriasis and HemodialysisT. J. BUSELMEIER, M.D.T. J. BUSELMEIER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-90-4-722_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I read with interest the letter "Psoriasis Developing De Novo During Hemodialysis" in the January issue (1), wherein the authors report a case of psoriasis that developed in a patient undergoing chronic hemodialysis.It is now known that psoriasis may not only arise during hemodialysis but also may be exacerbated during dialysis. Further, it has been observed that dialysis may fail to effect a cure of the disease (2) and that after discontinuing hemodialysis, post-transplant patients who are taken off their antirejection medications may have a recurrence of their disease (3). An incidental report has also documented...References1. FRIEDMANDELANO EB: Psoriasis developing de novo during hemodialysis (letter). Ann Intern Med 90:132, 1979 LinkGoogle Scholar2. BUSELMEIER T: Treatment of psoriasis with dialysis, in Proceedings. The European Dialysis and Transplant Association, 1979, in press Google Scholar3. MUSTONCONCEICAO HS: Remission of psoriasis during haemodialysis. Br Med J 1:480-481, 1978 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. BUSELMEIERCANTIERIDAHLNELSON TJMR: Clearing of psoriasis after cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass oxygenation. Br J Dermatol, 1979, in press CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. NISSENSONRAPAPORTGORDANNARINS AMAR: Controlled study demonstrates that psoriasis is not improved by hemodialysis (abstract). Am Soc Nephrol 11:48a, 1978 Google Scholar6. TWARDOWSKINOLPHRUBINANDERSON ZKJP: Peritoneal dialysis for psoriasis. An uncontrolled study. Ann Intern Med 88:349-351, 1978 LinkGoogle Scholar7. CAMUSSISEGOLONIROTUNNOVERCELLONE GGMA: Mechanisms involved in acute granulocytopenia in hemodialysis. Cell membrane direct interactions. Int J Artificial Organs 1:123-127, 1978 MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University Hospital Minneapolis, MN 55455 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByCutaneous Associations of Chronic Renal Failure and DialysisHemodialysis Therapy for PsoriasisDialysis for PsoriasisSIMA HALEVY, M.D., JONATHAN HALEVY, M.D., JOSEPH B. ROSENFELD, M.D., ELEASAR FEUERMAN, M.D. 1 April 1979Volume 90, Issue 4Page: 722-722KeywordsMedical dialysisPsoriasisRisk management Issue Published: 1 April 1979 PDF DownloadLoading ...
US National Institutes of Health updates peer review system
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The peer review system governing grant applications to the US National Institutes of Health is set to be updated over the next two years, with the aim of encouraging more innovative research.

A report published last week by a panel chaired by Dr Bruce Alberts, president of the National Academy of Sciences, recommended changes to take advantage of opportunities in biomedical research and to keep pace with new research methods (Science 1999;285:666-7). Dr Keith Yamamoto, chairman of the …
Publishers hire PR heavyweight to defend themselves against open access
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A new public relations campaign to be launched by the American Association of Publishers will equate open access to scientific journal articles with government censorship. 

Email messages leaked to the journal Nature describe a meeting last summer, arranged by the association's professional and scholarly publishing division. The meeting was between employees of the publishing houses Elsevier and Wiley and the American Chemical Society and the public relations consultant Eric Dezenhall ( Nature , www.nature.com, 10.1038/445347a). 

Mr Dezenhall, author of several novels and of Nail 'Em! Confronting High-Profile Attacks on Celebrities and Businesses , specialises in “marketplace defence” and has been described by an industry publication as the “pit bull of PR.” 

Mr Dezenhall described his proposed public relations strategy in …
Directional differences in excitability and margin of safety for propagation in sheep ventricular epicardial muscle.
Authors: C Delgado, B Steinhaus, M Delmar, D R Chialvo, J Jalife
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Computer simulations and isolated tissue experiments were used to characterize the relation between excitability and margin of safety for propagation in anisotropic ventricular myocardium. Longitudinal, uniform transverse, and nonuniform transverse tissue directions were modeled in a one-dimensional Beeler-Reuter based cable. Stimulation threshold was smallest in the nonuniform transverse direction. The safety factor for propagation was determined in the model as the total axial charge that was available for depolarizing downstream tissue divided by the threshold charge that was just sufficient for continued propagation and was largest in the longitudinal direction. The strength-interval plot for the junction between simulated longitudinal and nonuniform transverse directions identified a range of stimulus strengths and intervals that resulted in nonuniform transverse but not longitudinal propagation. When high values of transverse resistance were used, higher stimulus strengths during premature stimulation resulted in longitudinal but not nonuniform transverse propagation. The experimental strength interval plots from 17 L-shaped preparations of isolated sheep epicardial muscles had similar characteristics. In nine additional L-shaped tissue experiments, changing extracellular K+ concentrations from 4 to 20 mM resulted in progressive membrane depolarization and conduction impairment in both directions. However, in eight of nine experiments, complete block occurred first in the transverse direction. In one experiment, block was simultaneous in both directions. We conclude that, under normal conditions, threshold requirements for active propagation are lower for transverse than for longitudinal propagation. In addition, when active membrane properties are impaired, the safety factor for propagation is larger in the direction along the longitudinal axis of the cells.
Operation Splash Down
Authors: Robert E. Fishbein
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Brother, she's my cystoscope Frenched in the Foley I encyst From logic to Urologic See the great Trabeculation Diverticulate From the cystoscopic view Celled in Transition I see—I see A Sea. Through the orifice By my periscope submerged. What smooth muscle surrounds the passage. To get the phallus In the palace It leaves me prostrate.
SALMONELLA SUIPESTIFER INFECTION OF URINARY TRACT
Authors: W. Carey Henderson
Journal: JAMA (1942)

J. L. T., a white man aged 49, was admitted to the Northampton-Accomack Memorial Hospital for treatment of an infection of the urinary tract. He had been a patient in the same hospital two years previously, at which time he had a resection of the anus and the sigmoid colon for a constricting lesion. During his first admission he had had numerous catheterizations and for a time carried an indwelling catheter. He had excellent control of the colostomy. During the summer of 1941 he had mild urinary symptoms, such as slight burning, occasional fever and fatigue. He was active, however, and did not consider the symptoms of sufficient severity for him to go to bed for treatment. Trial of various urinary antiseptics, forcing of fluids and changes in reaction of the urine had little effect on the amount of pus and blood present. This would vary from 30 to 100
Trends in prevalence of atopic diseases and allergic sensitization in children in Eastern Germany
Authors: J. Heinrich, B. Hoelscher, C. Frye, I. Meyer, M. Wjst, H-E. Wichmann
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Trends in prevalence of atopic diseases and allergic sensitization in children from Eastern Germany during the 1990s were analysed. The study consisted of three regional cross-sectional surveys of a total of 7,632 children (aged 5-14 yrs) in 1992-1993, 1995-1996, and 1998-1999. Information was gathered on atopic diseases and potential predictors by a parental questionnaire. Allergic sensitization for birch, grass, mite, cat, and cladosporium were assessed by radioallergosorbent test (RAST). After adjustment for age, sex and the study area of the participants, prevalence increased between the first and third survey for hay fever, for asthma and for atopic eczema. The adjusted prevalence of allergic sensitization (RAST > 0.35 kU x L(-1)) showed a decrease, whereas the prevalence of strong sensitization (RAST > or = 17.5 kU x L(-1)) increased significantly, specifically in cohorts born after 1989. Further adjustment for possible determinants of these atopic diseases did not change the trend estimates. A clear increase in the prevalence of atopic diseases, with the exception of hay fever, was observed as well as a shift towards a stronger allergic sensitization, which might affect the onset of clinical manifestations of atopic diseases. Differences in the epidemiology of respiratory symptoms, illnesses and allergies between populations living in the former East Germany and those living in the former West Germany have been reported. Among East German children, lower prevalence rates of asthma, and positive skin-prick tests were observed compared to West German children in the early 1990s. Similarly, among East German adults, lower specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E levels and lower prevalence rates of asthma, wheezing, positive methacholine-challenge tests, allergic rhinitis, and positive skin-prick tests have been reported compared to those of West German adults.
Spending cuts must take the long view
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The days of “growing our way out of recession” are over. It’s austerity measures from now on. We know the UK government’s budget plans (doi:10.1136/bmj.c3390), but what should governments around the world be doing to improve health? Should they prioritise health care or social welfare spending? And how can doctors help those affected by the fallout?

Two articles (one in this week’s print journal, the other just published on bmj.com) tell us that governments that want to improve health should adopt policies that reduce health inequalities and protect social welfare. Joan Benach and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.c2154) say that fair employment practices—freedom from coercion, job security, …
Distally Migrated and Impacted Biliary Metallic Stents: Removal versus Trimming
Authors: M. Matsushita, H. Takakuwa, Y. Matsubayashi, K. Okazaki
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

We read with interest the article by Shaver et al. [1] on a case of impaction of a biliary self-expanding metallic stent (SEMS) in the duodenal wall opposite to the papilla. The stent was trimmed using a neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser until about 1 cm of stent protruded from the papillary orifice. Because the stent was occluded by biliary debris, the shortened stent was then cleared with balloon sweeping. We believe that endoscopic trimming and mechanical cleaning of the stent was an inadequate management. Moreover, such trimming requires a Nd:YAG laser which is not available in all hospitals, and might need considerable time. After trimming, unraveled stent wires might escape from the duodenum to the jejunum.
Allergy to antibiotics: T‐cell recognition of amoxicillin is HLA‐DR restricted and does not require antigen processing
Authors: H. Horton, S. D. Weston, C. R. A. Hewitt
Journal: Allergy (1998)

Allergic immune responses are initiated and maintained by T cells that recognize peptidic fragments of allergens in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. An anomaly of this model exists in the T‐cell response to haptens. Haptens are nonpeptide antigens that alone are too small to provoke an immune response. Nevertheless. T‐cell responses to haptenic allergens clearly occur and are critically involved in allergic immune responses to drugs such as penicillin. Although the mechanisms that generate T‐cell epitopes from protein antigens are well understood, haptens create T‐cell epitopes by alternative mechanisms. These may include binding of haptens directly to preformed MHC‐peptide complexes on the cell surface, or indirect association with MHC molecules after conjugation with self cell surface or serum proteins that are then processed and presented as haptenated peptide antigens. Which of these unorthodox mechanisms of epitope generation is dominant in allergy to penicillin is unknown. This study aims to determine the nature of the epitopes recognized by amoxicillin‐specific T cells from allergic donors, and to clarify whether T‐cell responses to penicillin antibiotics are MHC restricted and require haptenated self proteins to be processed before recognition. Human T‐cell lines specific for amoxicillin were raised and used in assays with processing‐disabled and MHC‐class Il‐typed antigenpresenting cells to determine the MHC restriction and processing requirements of T cells recognizing amoxicillin. Fixation of antigenpresenting cells with paraformaldehyde. before or after pulsing with amoxicillin. established that T cells can recognize amoxicillin‐containing epitopes with a similar ezfficiency irrespective of whether the antigenic conjugate has been internalized and processed. These results suggest that amoxicillin can bind directly to preformed MHC‐peptide complexes and need not necessarily involve the processing of haptenated self carrier proteins before recognition of the conjugate by amoxicillinpecific T cells.
Factors Influencing the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus in the Stomach after Gastric Operations
Authors: F. G. Smiddy, D. Pratt
Journal: Gut (1960)

The frequency of post-operative staphylococcal invasion of the stomach appears to be related to the concentration of acid in the stomach. Evidence is presented suggesting that when it occurs such bacterial invasion may arise from the intestine rather than from the nose.
ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF NEMBUTAL AS A PRE-ANAESTHETIC MEDICATION
Authors: F. F. Waddy
Journal: BMJ (1933)

OBSCTTP MEDICaLL JOUR-NAIA and suffocation.I decided as a last resource to give him 5 grains of quinine sulphate every four hours to steady his temperature, and in the hope that the resulting leucocytosis might be helpful.After continuing this for five days he said he felt better, his temperature became normal, and he felt less exhausted.I then reduced the quinine to 10 grains in twventy-four hours, and he gradually improved, until at the end of three weeks he got up and felt very much better.The quinine was then stopped, and his temperature did not go up again.The liver extracts were continued.He has maintained his progress since, but is still on liver treatment.The following represent the results of the later blood films.October 20th, 1932.-R.B.C. 2,960,COO per c.rm. W.B.C. normal differential count: neutrophils 31 per cenit., eosinophils 55.5 per cent., lymphocytes 12.5 per cent., mioniocytes 1 per cent.Haemoglobin 50 per cent.Colour index 0.8.Remarks: R.B.C. vary in size, but regular for such lowv couInt.Novemizber 14th, 1932.-W.B.C. normal differential count: neutrophils 33 per cent., cosinophils 55 per cent., lymphocytes 12 per cent.
Alveolar derecruitment at decremental positive end-expiratory pressure levels in acute lung injury
Authors: François Jardin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

We examined the hypothesis that recording multiple elastic pressure–volume (Pel/V) curves and calculating alveolar derecruitment (VDER) induced by decreasing positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) may allow determination of alveolar closing pressures, thus helping to select the optimal PEEP level. VDER measured in 16 patients with acute lung injury (ALI) was compared with the lower inflection point (LIP) and oxygenation changes. A modified automated method was used to record multiple Pel/V curves at low constant flow. PEEP was decreased in 5-cm H2O steps, from 20 or 15 cm H2O to 0 cm H2O (ZEEP). VDER was the volume loss between the curves recorded from PEEP and from ZEEP at the same Pel. Derecruitment occurred at each PEEP decrement, being spread almost uniformly over the 20/15 to 0 cm H2O range. VDER was not correlated with LIP. VDER changes correlated with PaO2 /Fi O2 changes (rho = 0.6, p = 0.02). Linear compliance at ZEEP was correlated to VDER at PEEP 15 cm H2O (rho = 0.9, p = 0.001), suggesting tha...