tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influence of α-thalassemia trait on spleen function in sickle cell anemia patients with high HbF
Authors: A.D. Adekile, M. Tuli, M.Z. Haider, K. Al-Zaabi, S. Mohannadi, A. Owunwanne
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

Spleen function was studied in a group of 20 Kuwaiti SS patients (aged 2–12 years), using 99mTc-labeled tin colloid scintigraphy. They were screened for the α-thalassemia determinants which are prevalent in the Arabian Peninsula [-α (3.7 kb) deletion, α2-globin gene polyadenylation signal (AATAAA → AATAAG) mutation, and 5′ IVS-I splice junction pentanucleotide (GAGGTGAGG → GAGG) deletion] with a combination of polymerase chain reaction and allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) hybridization techniques. The patients were divided into three groups depending on the result of their colloid uptake. Group I consisted of 7 patients (35.0%) with normally visualized spleens, Group II consisted of 5 (25.0%) with partial visualization, and in Group III there were 8 (40.0%) in whom the spleen was not visualized at all. The significant distinguishing features among those in Groups I and III were mean corpuscular volumes (MCVs) of 74.1 ± 5.1 and 90.1 ± 6.6 fl (P < 0.0001) and mean corpuscular hemoglobins (MCHs) of 22.4 ± 2.7 and 27.5 ± 4.0 pg (P < 0.05), respectively. The overall frequency of α-thalassemia determinants in the study was 35.0%; however, the frequencies in Groups I, II, and III were 57.1, 30.0, and 18.8%, respectively. α-Thalassemia trait, therefore, appears to be associated with normal splenic function in these patients. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Randomized clinical trial comparing cold knife conization of the cervix with and without lateral hemostatic sutures
Authors: Letícia Rossi Bueno, Marcia Binda, Heleusa Monego, Roberta Luísa Scherer, Karen Machado Rolim, Alessandra Leal Bottini, José H.T.G. Fregnani, Ricardo dos Reis
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2015)
Payments to doctors in Australia are to be scrutinised after marketing tactics are exposed
Authors: R. Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The Australian Medical Association has said it is to review its policies on disclosure after a former drug industry insider spoke openly on a radio programme about how “doctors are being used to sell drugs to patients.”

The review will look specifically at whether doctors’ payments from companies should be disclosed to patients, said Steve Hambleton, the association’s president.

Brendan Shaw, chief executive of the industry body Medicines Australia, also said that greater transparency would be considered as part of a review of the industry’s self regulatory code of conduct.

Petra Helesic, who marketed drugs for more than a …
Allergic to Generics
Authors: Troyen A. Brennan, Thomas H. Lee
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

A 69-year-old woman with several medical problems believes that she is allergic to generic medications. She frequently conflicts with her long-time primary care physician, who, as required by the patient's insurance coverage, refuses to prescribe brand-name drugs when generic alternatives are available. This conflict intensifies to a crisis when the patient develops life-threatening problems and still will not take prescribed generic medications. The presentation of this real case is accompanied by a discussion of the ethical dilemmas of the patient's physician, who must weigh the interests of a patient who clings to beliefs that the physician thinks are unfounded against the interests of a just rationing program and the broader population it serves.
Abnormal Glucose Metabolism and Pancreatic Cancer Mortality
Authors: Susan M. Gapstur, Peter H. Gann, William Lowe, Kiang Liu, Laura Colangelo, Alan Dyer
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Previous studies reported an increased risk of pancreatic cancer among persons with diabetes. Few data exist, however, on the association of postload plasma glucose concentration with pancreatic cancer, which could provide insight into the role of abnormal glucose metabolism in the etiology of pancreatic cancer.To determine the independent association between postload plasma glucose concentration and risk of pancreatic cancer mortality among persons without self-reported diabetes.Prospective cohort study.Employees of 84 Chicago-area organizations, with an average age of 40 years at baseline, were screened from 1963 to 1973 and followed up for an average of 25 years. A total of 96 men and 43 women died of pancreatic cancer among 20,475 men and 15,183 women, respectively.Relationship of pancreatic cancer mortality with postload plasma glucose levels.Compared with a postload plasma glucose level of 6.6 mmol/L (119 mg/dL) or less and after adjusting for age, race, cigarette smoking, and body mass index, the relative risks (95% confidence intervals) of pancreatic cancer mortality were 1.65 (1.05-2.60) for postload plasma glucose levels between 6.7 (120) and 8.8 (159) mmol/L (mg/dL); 1.60 (0.95-2.70) for levels between 8.9 (160) and 11.0 (199); and 2.15 (1.22-3.80) for levels of 11.1 (200) or more; P for trend=.01. An association appeared to be stronger for men than women. Estimates were only slightly lower after excluding 11 men and 2 women who died of pancreatic cancer during the first 5 years of follow-up. In men only, higher body mass index and serum uric acid concentration also were independently associated with an elevated risk of pancreatic cancer mortality.These results suggest that factors associated with abnormal glucose metabolism may play an important role in the etiology of pancreatic cancer. JAMA. 2000;283:2552-2558
Hirulog in the Treatment of Unstable Angina
Authors: Joanna Fuchs, Christopher P. Cannon
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Direct thrombin inhibitors are a new class of drugs that may offer a more effective and potentially simpler alternative to heparin. Hirulog is a synthetic peptide based on the leech-derived compound hirudin and, like hirudin, is a highly specific, direct inhibitor of free and clot-bound thrombin. Methods and Results TIMI 7 was a randomized, double-blind study of Hirulog, given with 325 mg/d aspirin to 410 patients with unstable angina. Patients received a constant infusion of Hirulog for 72 hours at one of four doses: 0.02 (n=160), 0.25 (n=81), 0.5 (n=88), and 1.0 (n=81) mg · kg −1 · h −1 . The primary efficacy end point was “unsatisfactory outcome,” defined as death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), rapid clinical deterioration, or recurrent ischemic pain at rest with ECG changes by 72 hours. Unsatisfactory outcome was not different among the four dose groups: 8.1%, 6.2%, 11.4%, and 6.2% ( P =NS). However, the secondary end point of death or nonfatal MI through hospital discharge occurred in 10.0% of patients treated with 0.02 mg · kg −1 · h −1 compared with 3.2% of patients treated with the three higher doses of Hirulog (0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg · kg −1 · h −1 , P =.008). Only 2 of 410 patients (0.5%) experienced a major hemorrhage attributed to Hirulog. Conclusions The direct thrombin inhibitor Hirulog is a promising new antithrombotic agent that deserves further study. The results of TIMI 7 lend support to the use of an antithrombin agent with aspirin in patients with unstable angina.
NORMALIZED STRESS–STRAIN RELATIONSHIP IN HUMAN HAIR PERTURBATION BY HYPOTHYROIDISM
Authors: EDWARD KORSTOFF, HOWARD M. RAWNSLEY, WALTER B. SHELLEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

SUMMARY.— A short review is given of the observations which have been made on the mechanical properties of human hair under axial tension.



Stress–strain curves of dry single fibres of human hair from patients with hypothyroidism and acromegaly revealed a distinctive alteration in the high yield region. The biophysical basis for this anomalous behaviour is not known.



Attention is directed to the potential value of further studies of the physical characteristics of hair with special reference to mass screening programmes for evidence of disease. This aim is furthered by the technique introduced in this paper for distinguishing the abnormal from the normal.
Failure of Salicin and Success of Cold Packing in Hyperpyrexia, in a Case of Rheumatic Fever
Authors: C. Daruty
Journal: BMJ (1877)

45'prominent, necessitating its being divided on the riglht side and pressed down into its place.The steps and mode of operation were similar to those in the preceding one.In this case, I feared that the immediate effects of the operation, and the interference with the infant's limited supply of breast-milk, might jeopardise its recovery ; but I was care- ful to direct that all the milk drawn from the mother should be given to the child.The result was happily very satisfactory, for on the sixth day the infant was able to suck.It now sucks perfectly, and is thriving well.The cleft in the palate, I am able to state, is quite closed, no doubt by the continuious pressure of the unite(d lip.The first case adds one more to the few recorded instances of newly born infants successfully operated upon for hare-lip.The second shows that, within a few days after operation, an infant is capable of sucking.Indeed, the good re.ults attending these two cases have encouraged me to bring the question of early operation before the profession.
Computer-Assisted Tomography
Authors: Paul F. J. New
Journal: JAMA (1975)

A remarkable and fundamentally new radiological technique has recently become available and has been in clinical use in North America since July 1973. In this British invention, the originality of the method lies essentially in the use of a small computer for processing of x-ray photon attenuation data, as measured by sodium iodide crystal detectors. From the time of Roentgen's discovery of x-rays to the advent of the new method, the principles of roentgenographic recording of tissue densities have remained unchanged. First x-ray plates, and later, x-ray film have consistently proved insufficiently sensitive to the small differences in radiodensity of soft tissues to provide direct information concerning their composition. The one exception is fat, which, when aggregated, is sufficiently lower in absorption characteristics to distinguish it from other soft tissues. Excellent but necessarily limited use has been made of the naturally appearing contrast substance, air, in the thorax and abdomen.
Effect of a Low-Refined-Carbohydrate Diet on the Nonfasting Hemoglobin Level
Authors: W. M. Ringsdorf, E. Cheraskin, C. F. Hollis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

PREVIOUS reports attempted to analyze the effect of a low-refined-carbohydrate, relatively high-protein diet upon a number of biochemical phenomena, including nonfasting blood sugar,1 calcium,2 phosphorus,3 calcium and phosphorus relations,4 cholesterol5 and protein.6 A second series of reports dealt with the correlation of physiologic processes (blood pressure7) and the same diet. In a third group of studies the relation of this diet to the hematologic picture was introduced, with attention paid to the erythrocyte count.8 This report considers the effect of a low-refined-carbohydrate, relatively high-protein diet on the hemoglobin.Review of the LiteratureTo explain the design and results of . . .
Colloidal Gold Colloquy
Authors: David A. Freedman
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To the Editor:—  I am uncertain as to whether to be more perturbed by Dr. Fiumara's reply to the question concerning the Lange colloidal gold ( 208 :2168, 1969) or Dr. Green's comment concerning Dr. Fiumara's statement ( 209 :1908, 1969). It has been known for at least 20 years that the colloidal reaction gives no information concerning total protein level in the spinal fluid. Carefully performed, however, the colloidal reaction will provide an accurate estimate of the albumin/globulin ratio. In one study, 1 it proved to be approximately as accurate as the direct determination of protein fractions. Dr. Greene's list of diseases is disturbing because he associates this laboratory finding with particular diagnostic entities. Properly carried out, the colloidal reaction will be abnormal in any condition in which cerebrospinal fluid globulins are increased or albumins are decreased. It remains for the clinician to use this bit of laboratory data in conjunction
The Effect of the 65-mph Speed Limit on Fatalities in New Mexico
Authors: Thomas W. Bunch
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  Gallaher et al 1 have provided us with useful data concerning New Mexico road fatalities, but I am afraid they missed the point. Their data emphasized an increase in death rate of 1.5 per 100 million vehicle miles since the rural interstate speed limit has been raised from 55 to 65 mph. However, since only 10% of the victims were wearing seat belts and 43% of the crashes involved alcohol, it is obvious that the fatality rate could be dropped significantly below even the 55-mph fatality rate if these two problems were given the emphasis they deserve. Seat belts that have to be in place before the cars can start and jail for drunk drivers would have a much more profound effect on fatalities than a 55-mph speed limit. As long as the American public is misled into thinking that speed is the real killer, we
Evaluation of changes of coronary dimension and coronary blood flow velocity by transesophageal echo-Doppler
Authors: Vito Marangelli, Sabino Iliceto, Cataldo Memola, Carlo Caiati, Lucia Sublimi Saponetti, Giulia De Martino, Gaetano D'Ambrosio, Paolo Rizzon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Hidden Arguments: Political Ideology and Disease Prevention Policy
Authors: Lu Ann Aday
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Sylvia Noble Tesh, in her book<i>Hidden Arguments: Political Ideology and Disease Prevention Policy</i>, presents an argument that science is not uninfluenced by politics and values, that presumably<i>value-free</i>scientific conceptions of illness and disease have both influenced and been influenced by<i>non—value-free</i>political and ideological conceptions, and that these perspectives have directly influenced the policies and programs directed to preventing and curing illness in our society. She, in fact, despairs of the conduct of science ever being insulated from dominant political or societal values, but instead argues that at a minimum those concerned with formulating sound health-promotion and disease-prevention policy should try to "get the politics out of hiding" (p 177) and bring these "hidden arguments" into the arena of public scrutiny and debate. Dr Tesh provides an insightful analysis of the dominant theories of disease causation (the germ, life-style, and environmental theories) in the 19th and 20th centuries
Recent Developments in Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Complex Mixtures
Authors: B L Proctor
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (1983)

Analytical chemists faced with complex problems such as food or drug analysis, chemical dump site analysis, or incorporation of xenobiotics and natural toxins into the food chain, require increasingly sophisticated analytical tools. Recent developments in mass spectrometry may be applied to some of these analytical problems. Negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry and to a lesser extent tandem mass spectrometry have passed the stage of expensive curiosities and are now vital screening tools. Negative chemical ionization is a powerful new method for the analysis of complex environmental samples for trace levels of both oxidizing and alkylating agents. Since these compounds comprise a large number of substances known to cause cancer or other environmental health problems, it seems likely that use of NCIMS will continue to grow. Tandem mass spectrometry has several advantages for the analysis of specific organic compounds in complex mixtures. Target compounds can be isolated and identified almost instantaneously at detection limits comparable and identified almost instantaneously at detection limits comparable to GC-MS with minimum sample preparation. A major deterrent to MS/MS is price ($400,000 or more). Also, the operator must know something about the sample and what to look for. Complete characterization of a sample by MS/MS is impractical. In the past, application of mass spectrometry to the determination of molecular weight and structure of polar (or thermally labile) compounds was severely limited. The limitations are due to inability to vaporize samples or to prevent thermal decomposition. The development of desorption chemical ionization, fast atom bombardment, secondary ionization mass spectrometry, and 252Cf plasma desorption mass spectrometry was in an attempt to rectify this situation. Each of the ionization techniques has advantages and limitations. With continued research into actual ionization/desorption process and continued instrumentation development (perhaps with a lower price tag), many of these techniques will become commonplace.
OPERATION FOR THE CURE OF HERNIA VIEWED FROM A MEDICO-LEGAL STANDPOINT.
Authors: HENRY O. MARCY
Journal: JAMA (1896)

The revision of the duties and obligations which the medical profession owe to their constituency must be made in every advancement of science. From this standpoint it is pertinent to inquire, if the demonstration of the easy and safe cure of hernia is not sufficiently ample to demand from our profession a revision of opinion, which only a brief period since would have been accepted as unquestionable? Few will deny that every sufferer from hernia, even in its less pronounced forms, is not alone incapacitated in a considerable degree for the discharge of certain duties incumbent upon a great variety of occupations, but also that there is a recognized life risk, incident to the individual. This has long been accepted in life insurance, examinations for the public service, etc. It is also conceded that, at the best, instrumental supports are disagreeable make-shifts, and that the usual history of the subject
Abstract B29: Defining subclonal signaling heterogeneity in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)
Authors: Xiaoyang Lan, Mona Meyer, Jüri Reimand, Xueming Zhu, Michelle Kushida, Renee Head, Ian Clarke, Gary Bader, Peter Dirks
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM, WHO grade IV) is the most common and malignant brain tumor of the adult central nervous system, with a median survival of between 12 and 15 months. Interestingly, the presence of genetically unique subclones in GBMs has been previously implicated in GBMs using Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and surgical multisampling approaches.1,2 The purpose of this study are to unequivocally demonstrate clinically relevant phenotypic heterogeneity in GBM subclones, and to identify genetic and phenotypic biomarkers predictive of subclonal drug responses. Previous work in the Dirks laboratory has allowed for the generation of 44 single-cell derived clonal cultures from 4 GBM tumors, by Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) and clonal expansion in vitro. Comparisons of clones derived from the same tumor uniquely allows for the identification and characterization of genetic and functional intratumoral diversity in GBM. We demonstrate that single-cell derived clonal cultures from the same primary tumor can differ in key phenotypes such as proliferation in vitro and responsiveness to the chemotherapeutic Temozolomide. Our work has also shown that expression of the oncogene EGFRvIII is exclusive to some clones within a tumor, and not others. Profiling of basal and activated EGFR signaling states also revealed subclonal variability in pERK and pS6 activity, suggesting subclonal differences in pathway dependencies which could be exploited for targeted therapies. Importantly, we observed clonal differences in sensitivity to the EGFR small molecule inhibitor Erlotinib, suggesting that clonal phenotypes can be correlated to differences in signaling activity between tumor subclones. The existence of inherently drug resistant clones in GBM tumors may lead to ineffective therapies and tumor relapses, and subclonal interrogation of patient specimens may lead to better treatment stratification. References 1) Snuderl, M., L. Fazlollahi, et al. “Mosaic amplification of multiple receptor tyrosine kinase genes in glioblastoma.” Cancer Cell 20, 810-817(2011). 2) Sottoriva, A., I. Spiteri, et al. (2013). “Intratumor heterogeneity in human glioblastoma reflects cancer evolutionary dynamics.” Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110, 4009-4014(2013). Citation Format: Xiaoyang Lan, Mona Meyer, Jüri Reimand, Xueming Zhu, Michelle Kushida, Renee Head, Ian Clarke, Gary Bader, Peter Dirks. Defining subclonal signaling heterogeneity in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr B29.
Appropriateness of Excluding Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Herman M.A. Hofstee
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Letters18 July 2006Appropriateness of Excluding Pulmonary EmbolismHerman M.A. Hofstee, MDHerman M.A. Hofstee, MDFrom the Free University Academic Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, the Netherlands.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-145-2-200607180-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR: I read the study by Roy and colleagues (1) with great interest. However, one thing puzzled me. In their Figure 2, the authors showed that pulmonary embolism (PE) had appropriately been ruled out when spiral computed tomography (CT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) d-dimer results were negative in the low clinical probability group and that only a negative d-dimer result is sufficient to rule out PE in the high probability group. From basic epidemiology and studies concerning the value of d-dimer in the diagnosis of PE, we know that a negative d-dimer result provides high certainty for ...References1. Roy PM, Meyer G, Vielle B, Le Gall C, Verschuren F, Carpentier F, et al. Appropriateness of diagnostic management and outcomes of suspected pulmonary embolism. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144:157-64. [PMID: 16461959] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Stein PD, Hull RD, Patel KC, Olson RE, Ghali WA, Brant R, et al. D-dimer for the exclusion of acute venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140:589-602. [PMID: 15096330] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From the Free University Academic Medical Center, 1007 MB Amsterdam, the Netherlands.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee Alsod-Dimer for the Exclusion of Acute Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism Paul D. Stein , Russell D. Hull , Kalpesh C. Patel , Ronald E. Olson , William A. Ghali , Rollin Brant , Rita K. Biel , Vinay Bharadia , and Neeraj K. Kalra Appropriateness of Diagnostic Management and Outcomes of Suspected Pulmonary Embolism Pierre-Marie Roy , Guy Meyer , Bruno Vielle , Catherine Le Gall , Franck Verschuren , Françoise Carpentier , Philippe Leveau , Alain Furber , and Appropriateness of Excluding Pulmonary Embolism Pierre-Marie Roy and Guy Meyer Metrics Cited ByPathobiology and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension in HIV Disease 18 July 2006Volume 145, Issue 2Page: 152KeywordsComputed axial tomographyConflicts of interestEnzyme linked immunosorbent assayEpidemiologyPulmonary embolism ePublished: 18 July 2006 Issue Published: 18 July 2006 CopyrightCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Optimisation of positive end-expiratory pressure by forced oscillation technique in a lavage model of acute lung injury
Authors: Raffaele L. Dellacà, Emanuela Zannin, Peter Kostic, Marie Andersson Olerud, Pasquale P. Pompilio, Goran Hedenstierna, Antonio Pedotti, Peter Frykholm
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2011)