tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Esophagocardiac Fistula
Authors: Frederick A. Laubscher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

FISTULOUS communications between the esophagus and the pericardial cavity,1 2 3 the aorta4 , 5 or other large vessels6 are rare lesions. This paper describes a case with a communication between the esophagus and the left atrium.Case ReportA 20-year-old soldier was found dead in bed in the billets. On the previous day he had reported to his dispensary after a short syncopal episode. He left after 45 minutes' observation. The vital signs were then normal. He had a 2-year history of severe burning epigastric pain relieved by antacids. Thirteen months before death an upper gastrointestinal series had been normal. The past history . . .
Lung Uptake of Technetium-99m HDP in Giant-Cell Tumor Metastases
Authors: J M JOYCE, D L AUBREY, J S MaCDONALD, U Y RYO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

A 45-year-old man returned to the hospital with hemoptysis two months after left lower extremity amputation for recurrent giant-cell tumor of the left tibia. Chest radiographs revealed multiple metastatic pulmonary nodules, and chest CT scan identified calcium in some of the nodules. Because of recurrent hemoptysis, the patient returned to the hospital two months later and underwent a chest radiograph that revealed progression of the metastases. A Bone scan revealed striking pulmonary uptake of Tc-99m HDP in the metastatic lesions. No secondary reasons for the pulmonary uptake of Tc-99m HDP, such as hypercalcemia or uremia, were present.
Plasma Angiotensinase Activity in Relation to the Breakdown of Phenylthiocarbamyl-Angiotensin II Amide in Hypertensive and Normotensive Patients
Authors: E. C. Osborn, G. Jerums, B. A. Jupp
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1968)

Journal Article Plasma Angiotensinase Activity in Relation to the Breakdown of Phenylthiocarbamyl-Angiotensin II Amide in Hypertensive and Normotensive Patients Get access E. C. Osborn, E. C. Osborn † The University of Melbourne Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital Victoria, Australia † Present address: Department of Clinical Chemistry, Welsh National School of Medicine, Cardiff Royal Infirmary, Newport Rd., Cardiff, Great Britain. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. Jerums, G. Jerums The University of Melbourne Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital Victoria, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Barbara A. Jupp Barbara A. Jupp The University of Melbourne Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital Victoria, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 2, Issue 1, January 1968, Pages 31–32, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/2.1.31 Published: 01 January 1968 Article history Accepted: 08 May 1967 Published: 01 January 1968
Type-I Interferon Receptor Deficiency Reduces Lupus-like Disease in NZB Mice
Authors: Marie-Laure Santiago-Raber, Roberto Baccala, Katarina M. Haraldsson, Divaker Choubey, Timothy A. Stewart, Dwight H. Kono, Argyrios N. Theofilopoulos
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2003)

Indirect evidence suggests that type-I interferons (IFN-α/β) play a significant role in the pathogenesis of lupus. To directly examine the contribution of these pleiotropic molecules, we created congenic NZB mice lacking the α-chain of IFN-α/βR, the common receptor for the multiple IFN-α/β species. Compared with littermate controls, homozygous IFN-α/βR-deleted NZB mice had significantly reduced anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies, erythroblastosis, hemolytic anemia, anti-DNA autoantibodies, kidney disease, and mortality. These reductions were intermediate in the heterozygous-deleted mice. The disease-ameliorating effects were accompanied by reductions in splenomegaly and in several immune cell subsets, including B-1 cells, the major producers of anti-erythrocyte autoantibodies. Decreases of B and T cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, and of dendritic cell maturation and T cell stimulatory activity in vitro were also detected. Absence of signaling through the IFN-α/βR, however, did not affect increased basal levels of the IFN-responsive p202 phosphoprotein, encoded by a polymorphic variant of the Ifi202 gene associated with the Nba2 predisposing locus in NZB mice. The data indicate that type-I IFNs are important mediators in the pathogenesis of murine lupus, and that reducing their activity in the human counterpart may be beneficial.
Review: New oral anticoagulants added to antiplatelets reduce CV events but increase bleeding after ACS
Authors: Prashant Vaishnava, Kim A. Eagle
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Source Citation Oldgren J, Wallentin L, Alexander JH, et al. New oral anticoagulants in addition to single or dual antiplatelet therapy after an acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J. 2013 Mar 6. [Epub ahead of print] 23470494
Ingelfinger's Phenotype
Authors: Jane F. Desforges, Ronald A. Malt, Arnold L. Smith, Norman K. Hollenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

In medicine, a job that combines intellectual ferment and physical activity on a salubrious island with electricity, running water and a discerning wine merchant is, for the most part, recognized fantasy. It is enough prize for realistic people to realize a situation that uses their talents, such as they are, but allows them to present fearlessly what they consider their best ideas. As dictators and psychiatrists could testify this, too, is usually an illusion. But not when the boss is Franz Ingelfinger.This is the one you can tell in unadorned language his ideas are wrong, his judgments fallacious, or . . .
A New Simple Model for the Synthesis of the Electrocardiogram
Authors: HERMAN N. UHLEY
Journal: Circulation (1969)

This paper reports the development of a simple, inexpensive apparatus that can be constructed and programmed to simulate normal as well as abnormal depolarization and repolarization of the heart and to reproduce an electrocardiogram. The device utilizes a modulated light beam, a series of differential photocells, a patch cord programmer, and a synthesizer consisting of an array of dipoles in a saline conductor. Changes occurring on a cellular level are simulated and programmed and in proper temporal sequence to the multiple dipoles, thereby forming a resultant spatial generator of QRS and T complexes.
Educating patients helps the NHS
Authors: S. Fradd
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—They say timing is everything. In my former life as a casualty officer, I was yanked out of a deep sleep to tend to a patient: “Doctor, I have had this annoying boil on my neck for two weeks.” I groggily asked him why he had not gone to see his GP and he replied, “Well, I was driving home from the pub and thought it would be quicker just to drop into casualty and get it fixed …
The EULAR Outcome Measures Library: an evolutional database of validated patient-reported instruments
Authors: Isabel Castrejón, Laure Gossec, Loreto Carmona
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

Multiple instruments to assess the patient's perception of disease activity and other critical domains are used in rheumatology to evaluate treatment response and guide clinical decisions. These instruments, known as patient-reported outcomes (PROs), allow to incorporate the patient's perspective.1 Despite PROs being increasingly recognised as important measures, there is great heterogeneity in their use.2 In order to overcome the difficulty in accessing validated PROs and the heterogeneity in its use,3 an initiative to generate a repository of the main cross-culturally validated PROs in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) was endorsed by the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR). The main idea was to develop a structured Outcome Measures Library (OML) that would include a comprehensive database of validated PROs.

The international taskforce defined …
Pseudomelanosis duodeni: Associated with multiple clinical conditions and unpredictable iron stainability - a case series
Authors: D. Giusto, S. Jakate
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Pseudomelanosis duodeni is seen endoscopically as dark spots in the duodenal mucosa and is generally considered to be local deposition of iron from oral iron intake. However, pseudomelanosis duodeni may be identified histologically even before it becomes endoscopically evident; iron stainability within the mucosa is uneven and unpredictable, and multiple clinical conditions other than oral iron intake may be associated. We reviewed 17 adult patients with histologically detected pseudomelanosis duodeni, their endoscopic appearances, iron stainability, and clinical findings including oral iron and drug intake. Only 6/17 (35 %) had endoscopically apparent dark spots. Perl's iron stain was entirely positive in 18 %, partially positive in 64 %, and negative in 18 % of cases. History of oral iron was present in 76 % of patients, but other clinical conditions consistently associated were hypertension in 88 %, end stage renal disease in 59 %, and diabetes mellitus in 35 % of patients.
Specificity and sensitivity of gp210 autoantibodies detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a synthetic polypeptide in the diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: O Bandin, J Courvalin, R Poupon, L Dubel, J Homberg, C Johanet
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Between 10% and 42% of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) have been reported to have autoantibodies directed against a restricted epitope of gp210, a glycoprotein of the nuclear pore membrane. The prevalence and specificity of these antibodies was studied in a French series of 285 patients with PBC and 497 control individuals affected with other liver or autoimmune diseases. Sera were analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that used a synthetic polypeptide containing the predominant autoepitope of gp210, in parallel to immunoblotting of gp210 protein and immunofluorescence microscopy. Autoantibodies to the gp210 epitope detected by ELISA were 25.5% sensitive and 99.5% specific for the diagnosis of PBC. These results were in agreement with a 99.4% specificity with immunoblotting analysis and a 96.6% specificity with immunofluorescence. In a subset of PBC patients without detectable antimitochondrial autoantibodies (AMA), gp210 autoantibodies were found in 7 of 15 patients (47%). Therefore, gp210 autoantibodies are highly specific for PBC and may be of particular utility in assessing patients without AMA or with other atypical presentations.
Overall Survival As the Outcome for Randomized Clinical Trials With Effective Subsequent Therapies
Authors: Edward L. Korn, Boris Freidlin, Jeffrey S. Abrams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

We review how overall survival (OS) comparisons should be interpreted with increasing availability of effective therapies that can be given subsequently to the treatment assigned in a randomized clinical trial (RCT). We examine in detail how effective subsequent therapies influence OS comparisons under varying conditions in RCTs. A subsequent therapy given after tumor progression (or relapse) in an RCT that works better in the standard arm than the experimental arm will lead to a smaller OS difference (possibly no difference) than one would see if the subsequent therapy was not available. Subsequent treatments that are equally effective in the treatment arms would not be expected to affect the absolute OS benefit of the experimental treatment but will make the relative improvement in OS smaller. In trials in which control arm patients cross over to the experimental treatment after their condition worsens, a smaller OS difference could be observed than one would see without cross-overs. In particular, use of cross-over designs in the first definitive evaluation of a new agent in a given disease compromises the ability to assess clinical benefit. In disease settings in which there is not an intermediate end point that directly measures clinical benefit, OS should be the primary end point of an RCT. The observed difference in OS should be considered the measure of clinical benefit to the patients, regardless of subsequent therapies, provided that the subsequent therapies used in both treatment arms follow the current standard of care.
Parasuicide and general elections.
Authors: G. Masterton, S. Platt
Journal: BMJ (1989)

referred to children in whom there was a high suspicion of abuse.'The present study was conducted while there was intense public interest in the subject, and some abused children may have been kept away from clinics, which may have reduced the prevalence of reflex anal dilatation.Failure to elicit a history does not necessarily exclude the possibility of child sexual abuse.A recent poll (Market and Opinion Research Institute, 1988) of 664 people aged 15 to 24 from the London area suggested that far fewer than 1% had suffered anal abuse in childhood.This is considerably less than the prevalence of reflex anal dilatation found in this study.Our data raise several questions.Does the changing prevalence of reflex anal dilatation with age indicate a normal stage of development?Does the higher prevalence in children in the renal clinic indicate a marker of cloacal dysfunction or, despite published doubts,' an association between urinary infection and child sexual abuse?Might the presence of stools in the anal canal be a causative factor?Reflex anal dilatation is a sign with poor discriminatory value in diagnosing anal abuse in children.Despite our attempts at reassurance we were informed later that some parents had been distressed by the study and had sought transfer of care.This must temper the Department of Health and Social Security's recommendation that children with reflex anal dilatation "be seen again at a later date for reassess- ment."'Hobbs Cj, Wynne JAI.Buggerv in childhood-a common svndrome of child
Metabolism of Low-Dose Inorganic Arsenic in a Central European Population: Influence of Sex and Genetic Polymorphisms
Authors: Anna-Lena Lindberg, Rajiv Kumar, Walter Goessler, Ranjit Thirumaran, Eugen Gurzau, Kvetoslava Koppova, Peter Rudnai, Giovanni Leonardi, Tony Fletcher, Marie Vahter
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

BackgroundThere is a wide variation in susceptibility to health effects of arsenic, which, in part, may be due to differences in arsenic metabolism. Arsenic is metabolized by reduction and methylation reactions, catalyzed by reductases and methyltransferases.ObjectivesOur goal in this study was to elucidate the influence of various demographic and genetic factors on the metabolism of arsenic.MethodsWe studied 415 individuals from Hungary, Romania, and Slovakia by measuring arsenic metabolites in urine using liquid chromatography with hydride generation and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-HG-ICPMS). We performed genotyping of arsenic (+III) methyltransferase (AS3MT), glutathione S-transferase omega 1 (GSTO1), and methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR).ResultsThe results show that the M287T (T→C) polymorphism in the AS3MT gene, the A222V (C→T) polymorphism in the MTHFR gene, body mass index, and sex are major factors that influence arsenic metabolism in this population, with a median of 8.0 μg/L arsenic in urine. Females < 60 years of age had, in general, higher methylation efficiency than males, indicating an influence of sex steroids. That might also explain the observed better methylation in overweight or obese women, compared with normal weight men. The influence of the M287T (T→C) polymorphism in the AS3MT gene on the methylation capacity was much more pronounced in men than in women.ConclusionsThe factors investigated explained almost 20% of the variation seen in the metabolism of arsenic among men and only around 4% of the variation among women. The rest of the variation is probably explained by other methyltransferases backing up the methylation of arsenic.
192 OBLITERATIVE PORTAL VENOPATHY (OPV): A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 59 PATIENTS
Authors: S. Hillaire, D. Cazals-Hatem, M. Rudler, M.-H. Denninger, A. Plessier, C. Francoz, F. Durand, P. Bedossa, D. Valla
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Decreased myocardial adenyl cyclase activity in hypothyroidism
Authors: Gerald S. Levey, C. Lynn Skelton, Stephen E. Epstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

It has been suggested that hypothyroidism may alter the responsiveness of the heart to sympathetic stimulation. To define more precisely the interrelationship between hypothyroidism and catecholamine responsiveness we: (a) studied the effects of norepinephrine and fluoride on the activation of adenyl cyclase in the particulate fraction of heart homogenates from euthyroid and hypothyroid cats; and (b) assessed the contractile response of isolated right ventricular papillary muscles from the same cats to increasing concentrations of norepinephrine. It was found that maximal accumulation of cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (3′,5′-AMP) was significantly lower at peak norepinephrine concentrations in the hypothyroid (284 ±5 pmoles) than in the euthyroid group (326 ±10 pmoles) (P < 0.02). However, the Km for norepinephrine was similar in both groups (1-2 × 10-5 moles/liter), and there was no apparent change in the threshold concentration. Fluoride-mediated increases in Cyclic 3′,5′-AMP accumulation were also significantly lower in the hypothyroid (585 ±25 pmoles) as compared to the euthyroid group (790 ±20 pmoles) (P < 0.02). In contrast, norepinephrine produced a similar augmentation of contractility in isolated papillary muscles from the hypothyroid and euthyroid cats. It thus appears that although the hypothyroid state is associated with a decrease in the total amount of myocardial adenyl cyclase per milligram of tissue capable of being activated by norepinephrine or fluoride, there is no change in the sensitivity of the enzyme to norepinephrine stimulation. Moreover, the finding that the inotropic response to norepinephrine is unaltered in hypothyroidism is compatible with the hypothesis that only a fraction of the total intracellular cyclic 3′,5′-AMP produced by norepinephrine activation of adenyl cyclase is required to elicit the inotropic response.
Histopathology of In-Stent Restenosis in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Marianne Kearney, Ann Pieczek, Laura Haley, Douglas W. Losordo, Vicente Andres, Robert Schainfeld, Kenneth Rosenfield, Jeffrey M. Isner
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Clinical studies have suggested that smooth muscle cell (SMC) hyperplasia is the most likely cause of in-stent restenosis. However, pathological data regarding this issue are limited. Specifically, direct evidence of proliferative activity in tissues excised from stenotic stents has not been previously reported. Methods and Results Tissue specimens were retrieved by directional atherectomy from 10 patients in whom in-stent restenosis complicated percutaneous revascularization of peripheral artery disease. Analysis of cellular composition was performed quantitatively after cell-specific immunostaining. For specimens preserved in methanol (7 of 10), cellular proliferation was evaluated by use of antibodies to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin E, and cdk2. TUNEL staining for apoptosis was performed on 8 paraformaldehyde-preserved specimens. Each of the 10 specimens contained extensive foci of hypercellularity composed predominantly of SMCs (mean±SEM, 59.3±3.0%). Evidence of ongoing proliferative activity was documented in all 7 methanol-preserved specimens: 24.6±2.3% of SMCs were PCNA-positive, 24.8±3.1% were cyclin E–positive, and 22.5±2.2% were cdk2-positive. Apoptotic cells were detected in all 8 specimens that had been appropriately preserved to permit DNA nick-end labeling. Macrophages and leukocytes were identified in each of the 10 specimens but accounted for a proportionately smaller number of cells (14.5±1.9% and 9.5±1.4%, respectively). Organized thrombus was observed in 6 of the 10 specimens. Conclusions These findings support the notion that in-stent restenosis results from SMC hyperplasia and suggest that adjunctive therapies designed to inhibit SMC proliferation may further enhance the utility of endovascular stents.
Telomeres and the Ethics of Human Cloning
Authors: Fritz Allhoff
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2004)

In search of a potential problem with cloning, I investigate the phenomenon of telomere shortening which is caused by cell replication; clones created from somatic cells will have shortened telomeres and therefore reach a state of senescence more rapidly. While genetic intervention might fix this problem at some point in the future, I ask whether, absent technological advances, this biological phenomenon undermines the moral permissibility of cloning.
An Address ON POST-GRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATION IN ENGLAND: Delivered before the Manchester Medical Society
Authors: H. J. Waring
Journal: BMJ (1925)

POST-GlIA.DUATE edtucatloni in Emiglalnd fr omii time medical gr-aduate's point of view is very umisatisfactorv'.Tlie elinical oppor tunities available in Lomidon, anid in somie of the lalrge l)rovincial centres, Manchester especially, are un- rivalled..
Covariation of Larval Gene Expression and Adult Body Size in Natural Populations of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Z. Bochdanovits
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

Understanding adaptive phenotypic variation is one of the most fundamental problems in evolutionary biology. Genes involved in adaptation are most likely those that affect traits most intimately connected to fitness: life-history traits. The genetics of quantitative trait variation (including life histories) is still poorly understood, but several studies suggest that (1) quantitative variation might be the result of variation in gene expression, rather than protein evolution, and (2) natural variation in gene expression underlies adaptation. The next step in studying the genetics of adaptive phenotypic variation is therefore an analysis of naturally occuring covariation of global gene expression and a life-history trait. Here, we report a microarray study addressing the covariation in larval gene expression and adult body weight, a life-history trait involved in adaptation. Natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster show adaptive geographic variation in adult body size, with larger animals at higher latitudes. Conditions during larval development also affect adult size with larger flies emerging at lower temperatures. We found statistically significant differences in normalized larval gene expression between geographic populations at one temperature (genetic variation) and within geographic populations between temperatures (developmental plasticity). Moreover, larval gene expression correlated highly with adult weight, explaining 81% of its natural variation. Of the genes that show a correlation of gene expression with adult weight, most are involved in cell growth or cell maintenance or are associated with growth pathways.
Silver nitrate 'foreign body'.
Authors: N Hira, F W Lewis
Journal: BMJ (1970)

almost without exception these departments were barely able to cope with their present work-load.To deal with the extra examina- tions at present made by one mobile x- ray unit much additional x-ray equipment and staff would be required.The mass radiography service should be kept under review to ensure that the best use is made of equipment and staff, but decisions as to its future must depend upon adequate consultation with those running the units and those responsible for the individual hospital radiographic departments in the area.It can only be by such consultation that an efficient chest x-ray service will be provided.-Iam, etc.,