tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4460A: Meat-related compounds and colorectal cancer risk by anatomical subsite
Authors: Paige E. Miller, Philip Lazarus, Samuel M. Lesko, Amanda J. Cross, Rashmi Sinha, Jason Laio, Jay Zhu, Gregory Harper, Joshua E. Muscat, Terryl J. Hartman
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The most recent consensus statement issued by the World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research concluded that the evidence to support a positive association between intake of red and processed meat and colorectal cancer was convincing, yet the evidence for specific mechanisms explaining these associations remained inconclusive. To identify responsible compounds that may account for the previously observed statistical associations between meat and colorectal cancer, the present study examined associations between red meat, processed meat, and meat-derived heterocyclic amines (HCAs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nitrites, and nitrates and colorectal cancer in a population-based case-control study in central and northeast Pennsylvania. This population is at particularly high risk for colorectal cancer compared to the U.S. as a whole (54.5/100,000 in PA versus 48.8/100,000 in the U.S. at the start of this study in 2007). Participants (989 colorectal cancer cases and 1,033 healthy controls) completed a 137-item food frequency questionnaire, the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ), which included a meat module that was linked to a database of nitrites and nitrates. The meat module also allowed for the use of NCI's Computerized Heterocyclic Amines Resource for Research in Epidemiology of Disease (CHARRED) software application to generate estimates of HCAs and PAHs. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between meat variables and colorectal cancer, stratified by anatomical subsite, were estimated from unconditional logistic regression models. After multivariable adjustment, there were no associations between red or processed meat and colorectal cancer. Nitrite plus nitrate intake was positively associated with proximal colon cancer (OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.03-2.31, P-trend = 0.025). A positive association was observed between 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (DiMeIQx) and colorectal cancer (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.02-1.82, P-trend = 0.027). Total mutagenic activity was positively associated with distal colon cancer (P-trend = 0.049). There was no association between benzo[a]pyrene and total colorectal cancer or any sub-site. These results indicate that HCAs, PAHs, nitrites, and nitrates may be risk factors for colorectal cancer, but additional studies that examine risk factors stratified by anatomical subsite are warranted. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4460A. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4460A
Glucose Effectiveness in Obese Children: Relation to Degree of Obesity and Dysglycemia
Authors: Ram Weiss, Sheela N. Magge, Nicola Santoro, Cosimo Giannini, Raymond Boston, Tara Holder, Melissa Shaw, Elvira Duran, Karen J. Hershkop, Sonia Caprio
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

OBJECTIVE Impaired glucose effectiveness (GE) plays a role in the deterioration of glucose metabolism. Our aim was to validate a surrogate of GE derived from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and to assess the impact of degrees of obesity and of glucose tolerance on it. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The OGTT-derived surrogate of GE (oGE) was validated in obese adolescents who underwent an OGTT and an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT). We then evaluated anthropometric determinants of the oGE and its impact on the dynamics of glucose tolerance in a cohort of children with varying degrees of obesity. RESULTS The correlation of oGE and IVGTT-derived GE in 98 obese adolescents was r = 0.35 (P &amp;lt; 0.001) as a whole and r = 0.51 (P &amp;lt; 0.001) in subjects with normal glucose tolerance. In a cohort of 1,418 children, the adjusted GE was associated with increasing obesity (P &amp;lt; 0.001 for each category of obesity). Quartiles of oGE and the oral disposition index were associated with 2-h glucose levels (P &amp;lt; 0.001 for both). Among 421 nondiabetic obese subjects (276 subjects with normal glucose tolerance/145 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance who repeated their OGTT after a mean time of 28 ± 16 months), oGE changes were tightly associated with weight (r = 0.83, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and waist circumference changes (r = 0.67, P &amp;lt; 0.001). Baseline oGE and changes in oGE over time emerged as significant predictors of the change in 2-h glucose levels (standardized B = −0.76 and B = −0.98 respectively, P &amp;lt; 0.001 for both). CONCLUSIONS The oGE is associated with the degree of and changes in weight and waist circumference and is an independent predictor of glucose tolerance dynamics.
History of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 1950-1970
Authors: Arthur G. King
Journal: JAMA (1971)

This small volume is a readable distillation of 20 years of Executive Board meetings, committee reports, administrative actions, and pertinent letters, which together present the development of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. In a subtle combination of chronological detail and functional organization, Dr. Mengert has outlined the steps taken by this now mature and powerful society of over 9,500 qualified specialists to achieve the status accorded to the American College of Physicians and the American College of Surgeons. Mengert indicates how the need for a national organization was finally recognized, as well as how the many obstacles to such a society were overcome. Although elevation of the standards and the regulation of educational programs for the training of physicians and surgeons had already begun, it took 15 years for the ACOG to be wholeheartedly granted peer recognition of its right and capacity to perform this function within its
"Blood Soup" and Bear Exams Acquaint Kids With Hospitals
Authors: Lynne Lamberg, Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ALTERATIONS IN THE EXPRESSION OF GENES RELATED TO CONTRACTILE FUNCTION AND HYPERTROPHY OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE IN CHRONICALLY PACED PATIENTS FROM THE RIGHT VENTRICULAR APEX (PRELIMINARY RESULTS)
Authors: Emmanuel N. Simantirakis, Joanna E. Kontaraki, Eva G. Arkolaki, Stavros I. Chrysostomakis, Eva G. Nyktari, Alexandros P. Patrianakos, Panos E. Vardas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Controlled Trial of Oxprenolol and Practolol in Hypertension
Authors: A. W. D. Leishman, J. L. Thirkettle, B. R. Allen, R. A. Dixon
Journal: BMJ (1970)

In controlled trials of the beta-adrenergic blocking drugs oxprenolol and practolol in hypertension both drugs were well tolerated without side effects and caused statistically significant non-postural reduction of blood pressure. In less than half the patients on eitherdrug the reduction of blood pressure was clinically adequate. No attempt was made to compare the two drugs.
AIDS and Confidentiality: Making Exemptions to Encourage Research
Authors: Andrew L. Dannenberg, Jon S. Vernick, Gregory D. Kirk
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —The interplay between public policy and scientific research is highly visible in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)—related research. However, legislative mandates sometimes unintentionally interfere with the conduct of such research. While conducting a study of cause-specific mortality among a national cohort that includes human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive persons, 1 we were recently refused cause-of-death information from Illinois death certificates for three cohort members. Illinois state law prohibits disclosure of cause of death related to AIDS and HIV infection for specified individuals and provides no exemption for scientific research, according to Steven Perry, Illinois deputy state registrar. 2 We have requested cause-of-death information for this study from 47 other states, the District of Columbia, New York, NY, and Puerto Rico; none has refused to provide such information based on AIDS confidentiality regulations. Protection of the confidentiality of persons with HIV infection is vitally important. However, legislators in all states
Effect of a very-high-fiber vegetable, fruit, and nut diet on serum lipids and colonic function
Authors: David J.A. Jenkins, Cyril W.C. Kendall, David G. Popovich, Edward Vidgen, Christine C. Mehling, Vladimir Vuksan, Thomas P.P. Ransom, A.Venket Rao, Rachel Rosenberg-Zand, Nauman Tariq, Paul Corey, Peter J.H. Jones, Mahmoud Raeini, Jon A. Story, Emily J. Furumoto, D.Roger Illingworth, Anuradha S. Pappu, Philip W. Connelly
Journal: Metabolism (2001)
Blood substitutes: two ways to get there
Authors: Virginia Snodgrass Cowart
Journal: JAMA (1983)

When T T hen a US meeting devoted specifically to blood substitutes was held in 1974 under the sponsorship of the National Institutes of Health, the program committee had trouble finding enough speakers to fill out the program. These days at such meetings,<i>limiting</i>the number of speakers is the problem. And so it was at the recent International Symposium on Blood Substitutes, which reflected burgeoning interest in the subject over the past eight years. The symposium was held at Letterman Army Institute of Research (LAIR) at the Presidio of San Francisco; it was sponsored by the US Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, Md, and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Md. "I hope people don't think this was a shoot-out," said symposium co-chair Robert P. Geyer, MD, in his summation remarks at the end of the three-day program. He was referring to the profound
Coronary risk factors in a community. Findings in Tecumseh, Michigan.
Authors: L D Ostrander, D E Lamphiear
Journal: Circulation (1976)

In the Tecumseh study population examined from 1967 through 1969, 1457 men and 1607 women were separated into young (20-39 years), middle (40-54 years), and old (past 55 years) age categories. A subset of the study population, 183 men and 200 women who were repeatedly hyperglycemic according to a modified glucose tolerance test, were divided into the same age groups. Means and standard deviations of adiposity index, serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, blood glucose, and systolic blood pressure were calculated for the total population and hyperglycemics. Correlation coefficients were determined for the relationship between adiposity index and each of the other variables and between paired variables exclusive adiposity index. Correlation coefficients for the latter relationships were recalculated after adjustment for the effect of adiposity. Means of variables were higher in middle and older age categories than in young age categories in both sexes, but the greatest incremental increases occurred between the young and middle-aged groups of men and between middle and old age groups among women. Men had significantly higher mean triglyceride and systolic blood pressure values than women in young and middle ages. Except for the cholesterol-triglyceride association, lipids, glucose, and systolic blood pressure were more highly correlated with adiposity than with each other. Correlations between variables were reduced by adjustment for adiposity. Hyperglycemics had higher mean adiposity indexes, serum lipids, and systolic blood pressures and generally higher correlations of variables than the entire study population. Much of the interrelationship of variables among hyperglycemics was associated with adiposity. Among men, higher mean triglyceride and systolic blood pressure levels, more frequent coexistence of risk factors, and a tendency to have large incremental increases in mean variables between young and middle age probably contribute to greater male susceptibility to ischemic heart disease. Levels of variables in the population and aggregation of coronary precursors in individuals are related to adiposity and hyperglycemia.
X-ray Examination for Legal Protection
Authors: Ken Grauer
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  The article Why Do Physicians Order Laboratory Tests?: A Study of Laboratory Test Requests and Use Patterns by Wertman et al (243:2080, 1980) stated  this study we found that medicolegal considerations were cited as a contributing factor for only 1% of all tests   I think that the percentage of examinations obtained for medicolegal reasons would be greatly increased had the authors included roentgenographic studies, especially as ordered by physicians in an emergency facility.  As a full-time emergency physician during the past two years, I find it difficult to remember many blood tests that I ordered for my protection; however, I cannot even begin to count the number of x-ray films so ordered. Perhaps the most notable offender is the skull x-ray film, which without high-yield criteria (ie, unconsciousness at time of presentation to emergency facility, decreasing level of consciousness, and Battle's sign) shows virtually no
Deprofessionalizing the Profession
Authors: F.J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

So many vocations are now identified — often self-identified, to be sure— as professions, that the designation has become all but meaningless. Traditionally and ideally, however, a member of a profession pursues a scholarly discipline in a way that inspires confidence and trust, and that prizes expert performance of a skill above financial gain. A profession thus suffers when suspicion and distrust replace its fiduciary image, and when commercialism supersedes other, less selfish motives. Unfortunately, such debasing trends appear to be affecting most of the country's professions, including that of medicine — "The Shame of the Professions," Max Lerner has . . .
Comparison of Early Endoscopic Ultrasonography and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in the Management of Acute Biliary Pancreatitis: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Chi Leung Liu, Sheung Tat Fan, Chung Mau Lo, Wai Kuen Tso, Yik Wong, Ronnie T.P. Poon, Chi Ming Lam, Benjamin C. Wong, John Wong
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2005)
Characterization of the allergic T-cell response to Pru p 3, the nonspecific lipid transfer protein in peach
Authors: Véronique Schulten, Astrid Radakovics, Christina Hartz, Adriano Mari, Sonia Vazquez-Cortes, Montserrat Fernandez-Rivas, Iris Lauer, Beatrice Jahn-Schmid, Thomas Eiwegger, Stephan Scheurer, Barbara Bohle
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
(28) Epithelioid sarcoma of the pulp of the left ring finger (Demonstration)
Authors: J.B. Lyon
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

Journal Article (28) Epithelioid sarcoma of the pulp of the left ring finger (Demonstration) Get access J.B. Lyon J.B. Lyon Ipswich Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 93, Issue s11, 1 July 1975, Pages 71–72, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1975.tb06810.x Published: 01 July 1975
National Hospital Staffs Conference
Authors: F. J. Bramble
Journal: BMJ (1971)

glucose was measured sequentially, blood glucose remained below 20 mg/100 ml for longer than 24 hours.Furthermore, a hypo- glycaemic baby may develop symptoms after many hours of being asymptomatic.This occurred in an infant, seen some years ago, who had a blood glucose level of 15 mg/100 ml at 10 hours of age.He was asymptomatic and was not treated.The glucose level re- mained low until, at 75 hours of age, he had a convulsion which responded to intravenous
Treatment of Aspergillosis in Leukemia
Authors: BURT ALAN ADELMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters1 August 1979Treatment of Aspergillosis in LeukemiaBURT ALAN ADELMAN, M.D., ADRIENNE BENTMAN, M.D, PAUL ROSENTHAL, M.D., BRIAN R. SMITH, M.D., KENNETH R. BRIDGES, M.D., WENDY HOLMES, R.N.BURT ALAN ADELMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ADRIENNE BENTMAN, M.DSearch for more papers by this author, PAUL ROSENTHAL, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, BRIAN R. SMITH, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, KENNETH R. BRIDGES, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, WENDY HOLMES, R.N.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-91-2-323_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We read with interest the paper by Aisner and associates in the January 1979 issue (1), which reports the predictive value of positive nasal cultures for Aspergillus species in the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in patients with acute leukemia. We wish to report the successful treatment of a patient based on their data.A 48-year-old woman with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in relapse was admitted to the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital for evaluation of fever and a pulmonary infiltrate. The patient had been severely granulocytopenic (neutrophils, < 500/mm3) for 8 weeks before admission. On admission, the temperature was...References1. AISNERMURILLOSCHIMPFFSTEERE JJSA. Invasive aspergillosis in acute leukemia: correlation with nose cultures and antibiotic use. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90:4-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. KITAHARASETHMEDOFFKOBAYASHI MVGG. Activity of amphotericin B, 5-fluorocytosine, and rifampin against six clinical isolates of Aspergillus. Antimicrob Agents Chemotherapy. 1976;9:915-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. PENNINGTON J. Successful treatment of aspergillus pneumonia in hematologic neoplasia. N Engl J Med. 1976;295:426-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Peter Bent Brigham Hospital Boston, MA 02115 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByGranulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor and Azole Antifungal Therapy in Murine Aspergillosis: Role of Immune SuppressionNosocomial PneumoniaSouthwestern Internal Medicine Conference: Nosocomial PneumoniaNosocomial InfectionsChemotherapie der Aspergillenkrankheiten der Lunge*Fungal Infections in the Immunocompromised HostFEVER AND NEW LUNG INFILTRATES IN THE IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOSTCorrection: Dose of Amphotericin BBURT ADELMAN, M.D. 1 August 1979Volume 91, Issue 2Page: 323-324KeywordsAcute myeloid leukemiaAspergillosisFeversNeutrophilsPatientsTemperature Issue Published: 1 August 1979 PDF DownloadLoading ...
DISORDERS FROM EYE-STRAIN.
Authors: OVIDUS ARTHUR GRIFFIN
Journal: JAMA (1906)

An Esmarch bandage is applied.An incision exposes the joint, which is opened.All of the cartilage is re- moved and the bone laid bare, by spoon, or by the use of chisel and hammer.Some operators remove a thin slice of bone to entirely eradicate the cartilage cells, which, by reproduction, would favor return of motion.The soft parts are sutured with catgut, and a plaster dressing applied.Strain must be avoided for six months or more, as after transplantation.In old cases of cal- caneus, astragalectomy is more serviceable than arthro- desis.V. Linear osteotomy or cuneiform osteotomy are too well known to require a special description.They are sometimes indicated at the tarsus, knee or hip in severe cases.In closing, emphasis is laid on the fact that the results of infantile paralysis are of a mechanical nature.It is often possible to predict what deformity will ensue, ac- cording to the groups of muscles involved.The general practitioner has a duty to perform which has been too much neglected in the past, i. e., to prevent deformity.Each case differs from the others in the area involved and the severity of the paralysis.The treatment for the individual patient should be instituted only after a careful examination to determine what is indicated.The great tendency, of late years, has been to operate more often and to dispense with apparatus.The instru- ment maker is no fit person to have charge of such cases.Patients must be watched for years, at intervals of six months, because conditions change and vicious habits may be adopted.
Innovation team of the year
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Opportunities to rethink how things are done exist just about everywhere, finds Nigel Hawkes in his review of shortlisted entries in the Innovation team of the year.

“A lovely doctor told me at seven o’clock this morning I could go home today, and I’m still here at five,” is a complaint that will ring a bell with many a patient. For University College Hospital in London it was one of a number of complaints made about delays on the day of discharge that helped prompt a new approach.

The project, called Home for Lunch, began with orthopaedic consultant Sam Oussedik’s unhappiness over delays to elective operations because no beds on a ward were available. Tara Donnelly, director of quality, efficiency, and productivity at UCLH, explains. “You can’t generally start an elective operation until a bed has been identified as available for that patient. You can have a full team ready to go, the patient prepared, and then you have to wait. It’s a huge waste of prime operating time.”

This could be avoided by making sure patients ready for discharge leave earlier in the day, but arranging that isn’t straightforward. The answer found at UCLH was to hold a daily meeting of a large team—doctors, therapists, pharmacists, nurses, and others—every day at 2 pm, for a quarter of an hour. At this meeting patients ready for discharge the next day are identified, and doctors encouraged to get on with prescribing the medicines they will need to take away with them, since the biggest delay identified was patients waiting for the pharmacy to deliver their pills.

The scheme reduced operating delays to zero, cut costs for …