tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Critical timing of -arginine treatment in post-ischemic myocardial apoptosis?role of NOS isoforms
Authors: F LIANG
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

The role of nitric oxide (NO) in apoptotic cell death has been extensively studied in recent years. However, reported results are inconsistent and often controversial, and the mechanisms underlying its diverse effects in apoptosis regulation remain unidentified. The present study attempted to determine whether in vivo administration of L-arginine, the substrate for NOS, at different time points during the course of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion may differentially regulate post-ischemic myocardial apoptosis, and if so, to investigate the mechanisms involved.Male adult rats were subjected to 30 min of myocardial ischemia followed by 5 h of reperfusion. L-Arginine was administered as a bolus at either 10 min before (early treatment) or 3 h after reperfusion (late treatment). There was no difference in myocardial eNOS expression between any groups studied. Myocardial iNOS expression was detected at 3 h after reperfusion but not at 1 h after reperfusion. Administration of L-arginine 10 min before reperfusion markedly decreased TUNEL-positive staining cardiomyocytes, reduced myocardial caspase-3 activity, inhibited iNOS expression, and reduced myocardial nitrotyrosine content. In strict contrast, administration of L-arginine 3 h after reperfusion, a time point when iNOS was expressed, resulted in a significant increase in myocardial NO(x) content, myocardial injury, and toxic peroxynitrite formation as measured by nitrotyrosine.Our results demonstrated for the first time that L-arginine administered at different time points during ischemia/reperfusion exerted different effects on post-ischemic myocardial injury, and suggests that stimulation of eNOS reduces nitrative stress and decreases apoptosis whereas stimulation of iNOS increases nitrative stress and enhances myocardial reperfusion injury.
Research organisations join forces to develop treatments for neglected infectious diseases
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Five years after a major reorganisation of England's neonatal services, large and unexplained variations between regions in mortality among neonates still exist, concludes a new report from the House of Commons Public Accounts Committee.England's 178 neonatal care units were ordered in 2003 to reorganise into 23 regional networks.But that reorganisation has failed to address discrepancies between regions; and two regions, Essex and the Northern, have still not formally merged into unified organisations after five years.In 2005 the neonatal mortality rate among babies born at more than 22 weeks' gestation varied from 1.8 deaths per 1000 live births in the Surrey and Sussex region to 4.8 in the South West Midlands.The Conservative MP Edward Leigh, who chairs the Public Accounts Committee, said that the 2003 reorganisation "has had limited effect in reducing regional variations in mortality rates of babies born prematurely or suffering an illness [and] needing specialist care."The Department of Health was unable to confirm whether these discrepancies were due to disparities in care or to demographic factors, he said.Primary care trusts, Mr Leigh added, "need to improve their understanding of the Reorganisation of neonatal service in England fails to iron out regional variation in death rates UK NEWS Regulation of alternative medicine faces more delays, p 1395 WoRld NEWS dutch doctors make advice on suicide available to public, p 1394 bmj.com Germany promises protection to hospital doctors over longer working hours
Plasma urokinase antigen levels predict angiographic restenosis
Authors: B.H. Strauss, I. Singh, H.K. Lau, K.A. Bowman, J.M. Teitel, J.D. Sparkes, M.B. Garvery, M.K. Natarajan, R.J. Chisholm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Preparation and characterization of a metered dose transdermal spray for testosterone
Authors: Wangding Lu, Huafei Luo, Yubo Wu, Zhuangzhi Zhu, Hao Wang
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2013)

The objective of the present work was to develop a metered dose transdermal spray (MDTS) formulation for transdermal delivery of testosterone and to characterize its efficacy. Testosterone release from a series of formulations was assessed in vitro. Skin from hairless mice was used in permeation experiments with Franz diffusion cells. The spray pattern, pump seal efficiency, average weight per metered dose and dose uniformity were evaluated. An optimized formulation containing 10% (w/v) testosterone, 9% (v/v) azone and 91% (v/v) ethanol was based on good skin permeation and acceptable drug concentration and permeation enhancer (PE) content. A skin irritation study indicated that the formulation was non-irritating in a rat model. An in vivo pharmacokinetic study indicated that the optimized formulation showed a different plasma concentration-time profile from that of the commercially available product Testopatch®. The Testopatch® product demonstrated a more sustainable drug release. The evaluation of the testosterone MDTS indicated that it could deliver reproducible amounts of the formulation per actuation. The results obtained showed that the MDTS is a potential alternative therapeutic system for transdermal testosterone delivery.
Calcium displacement by lanthanum in subcellular compartments of rat ventricular myocytes: characterisation by electron probe microanalysis
Authors: T. W Miller, J. M. Tormey
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Calcium displacement by lanthanum in subcellular compartments of rat ventricular myocytes: characterisation by electron probe microanalysis Get access Terrence W Miller, Terrence W Miller Department of Physiology. Center for Health Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1751, USA: T W Miller, J M Tormey. Correspondence to Dr Miller. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John McD Tormey John McD Tormey Department of Physiology. Center for Health Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1751, USA: T W Miller, J M Tormey. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 12, December 1993, Pages 2106–2112, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.12.2106 Published: 01 December 1993
Evolutionary Rates of Duplicate Genes in Fish and Mammals
Authors: Marc Robinson-Rechavi, Vincent Laudet
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

Recently, much attention has been attracted by the abundance of duplicate genes in teleost fish (Amores et al. 1998; Wittbrodt, Meyer, and Schartl 1998). It has been suggested that this abundance reflected an ancestral genome duplication and that it may be related to the great diversity of this group (Vogel 1998). Emphasizing the importance of gene duplication in evolution, Ohno (1970) pointed out that at least one of the two copies may become less constrained by selection and thus be able to evolve toward a new function. Hughes and Hughes (1993) tested this hypothesis in the recent tetraploid Xenopus laevis and showed that both duplicate copies evolve at the same rate, with evidence of negative selection on both. Our aim was to characterize whether duplicated genes have allowed a further exploration of the adaptative landscape in teleost fish and mammalian genomes. For this, we compared all genes for which at least one duplication was characterized either in a teleost fish or in a eutherian mammal. Although pseudogenes are relevant to the overall duplication rate, they do not participate in an eventual adaptative role of gene or genome duplication. Since we were interested here in functional evolution, we did not take into account duplications which clearly led to the formation of pseudogenes. This was done by the exclusion in the HOVERGEN database (Duret, Mouchiroud, and Gouy 1994) of all sequences explicitly declared to be pseudogenes. For each of these genes, we compared rates (1) between the two duplicated copies, as in Hughes and Hughes (1993), and (2) between the lineage with the duplication and the lineage without the duplication. Indeed, if gene duplication is followed by a relaxation of selective constraint on genes, the resulting copies should evolve faster than their orthologs in other species which were not duplicated. The second test should be able to detect a decrease in selection on either or both copies, unlike the first. In practice, we build a 2 3 2 contingency table to compare the observed and expected numbers of genes under the hypothesis of independence between the lineage with the duplication and the lineage with the highest substitution rate (mammals or teleost fish). Genes were recovered from the HOVERGEN database (Duret, Mouchiroud, and Gouy 1994), allowing
Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase as a sensitive biomarker for coronary atherosclerosis
Authors: Yoji Kato, Yoshiyuki Kijima, Yasuhiko Matsu-ura, Takenori Yasuda, Yutaka Eguchi, Teruo Inoue, Hiroshi Oda, Kousuke Seiki, Nanae Taniguchi, Kousuke Aritake, Haruko Kumanogoh, Naomi Eguchi, Yoshihiro Urade
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Conservation of the H19 noncoding RNA and H19-IGF2 imprinting mechanism in therians
Authors: Guillaume Smits, Andrew J Mungall, Sam Griffiths-Jones, Paul Smith, Delphine Beury, Lucy Matthews, Jane Rogers, Andrew J Pask, Geoff Shaw, John L VandeBerg, John R McCarrey, Marilyn B Renfree, Wolf Reik, Ian Dunham
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
Taking pains to take away pain.
Authors: A M Black
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Growth factor technology has moved very quickly from the laboratory to the bedside, and it is too early to reach any firm conclusions.Probably the most effective way of using growth factors will be in combination as many have been shown to be synergistic in vitro and in preclinical studies.'5New factors are being identified and include molecules that act as negative regulators of the activity of haemopoietic stem cells,2' thus opening up the possibility of protecting normal cells from the effects of cytotoxic treatment.The ultimate place of growth factors in cancer medicine will be determined only from properly controlled trials with clinical end points-not by inferring benefit from changes in blood counts alone.
Glycerol Prevents Insulin Precipitation and Interruption of Flow in an Implantable Insulin Infusion Pump
Authors: Perry J Blackshear, Thomas D Rohde, John L Palmer, Bruce D Wigness, William M Rupp, Henry Buchwald
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

Insulin precipitation is a major obstacle to the use of implantable insulin infusion pumps. In one such pump (Infusaid, Infusaid Corporation, Norwood, Massachusetts), unprotected insulin precipitated and occluded nine pumps implanted in normal dogs within 43 days. In contrast, two similar pumps containing insulin mixed with 80% glycerol functioned normally for more than 250 days. In human studies, a similar mixture allowed insulin to be delivered to nine diabetic subjects for more than 6 mo in each case; total fluid flow rates from the pump were essentially unchanged after 460 patients-weeks of insulin infusion. A possible drawback of the mixture is a time- and temperature-dependent propensity to cause the formation of soluble, higher-molecular-weight insulin polymers, which apparently have lower biologic activity. Formation of such polymers and maintenance of biologic activity were largely prevented by the addition of phosphate buffer at neutral pH.
Suppression of Apoptosis by PIF1 Helicase in Human Tumor Cells
Authors: Mary E. Gagou, Anil Ganesh, Ruth Thompson, Geraldine Phear, Cyril Sanders, Mark Meuth
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Defining the processes that sustain telomere maintenance is critical to our understanding of cancer and longevity. PIF1 is a nonprocessive 5'->3' human DNA helicase that exhibits broad substrate specificity. In vitro studies have implicated PIF1 in maintaining telomeres and processing stalled DNA replication forks, but disruption of the murine Pif1 gene did not yield any apparent phenotype. In this study, we evaluated the function of the PIF1 gene in human cells by using siRNA knockdown strategies to gauge its role in the response to DNA replication stress. We found that PIF1 depletion reduced the survival of both p53-deficient and p53-proficient human tumor cells by triggering apoptosis. In contrast, nonmalignant cells were unaffected by PIF1 depletion. Apoptosis induction in tumor cells was augmented by cotreatment with replication inhibitors (thymidine, hydroxyurea, or gemcitabine). When sensitive PIF1-depleted cells were released from a thymidine-induced S-phase arrest, there remained a subpopulation of cells that failed to enter S-phase. This cell subpopulation displayed an increase in levels of cyclin E and p21, as well as a deficiency in S-phase checkpoint markers that were induced with thymidine in PIF1 expressing cells. Specifically, CHK1 activation was suppressed and we detected no consistent changes in ATM S1981 autophosphorylation, γH2AX induction, or RPA hyperphosphorylation. Death in PIF1-depleted cells was detected in late G(1)/early S-phase and was dependent on caspase-3 activity. Taken together, our findings suggest roles for PIF1 in S-phase entry and progression that are essential to protect human tumor cells from apoptosis.
Having non-medical readers of papers on internet will enhance peer review
Authors: P. Whatling
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—Eysenbach and Diepgen have summarised clearly the problems of quality control on the internet, but their interpretation of the current situation and likely future developments is inadequate.1 Electronic communication is the future and is increasing the availability of information in many areas, of which medicine is only one.

The authors have underestimated the discriminatory abilities of those accessing the information. Patients have heard reports of magical cures and cancer healers for hundreds …
Geographic Variation in Use of Laparoscopic Colectomy for Colon Cancer
Authors: Bradley N. Reames, Kyle H. Sheetz, Seth A. Waits, Justin B. Dimick, Scott E. Regenbogen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Emerging evidence supporting the use of laparoscopic colectomy in patients with cancer has led to dramatic increases in utilization. Though certain patient and hospital characteristics may be associated with the use of laparoscopy, the influence of geography is poorly understood.
Differences in beta-adrenoceptor binding in anterior and inferior myocardial wall microsomes of normal canine left ventricle
Authors: M. H BURNAM, D. H SETHNA, D. M ROSE, C. S STERN, W. E SHELL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1981)

Journal Article Differences in beta-adrenoceptor binding in anterior and inferior myocardial wall microsomes of normal canine left ventricle Get access MICHAEL H BURNAM, MICHAEL H BURNAM * From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, and the UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California *Dr Burnam's current address and address for reprints: Veterans Administration Wadsworth Hospital Center, Wilshire and Sawtelle Blvds. 691/111 E, Los Angeles, California 90073. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar DHUN H SETHNA, DHUN H SETHNA From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, and the UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar DANIEL M ROSE, DANIEL M ROSE From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, and the UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar CRAIG S STERN, CRAIG S STERN From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, and the UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar WILLIAM E SHELL WILLIAM E SHELL From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, and the UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 15, Issue 4, April 1981, Pages 239–244, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/15.4.239 Published: 01 April 1981
STUDIES IN BOVINE MASTITIS
Authors: F. S. Jones
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1918)

It seems clearly established that non-hemolytic streptococci are responsible for a considerable number of cases of bovine mastitis. Of the 81 animals examined, 31 were suffering from infections of this type. The lesions produced in invaded quarters varied from an involvement of only the lining epithelium of the large milk ducts to severe degeneration and necrosis of the secreting epithelium. In one instance a considerable portion of the glandular elements had been replaced with connective tissue. The streptococci fall into two groups when their action on the various carbohydrates is considered. Thirty-four strains fermented dextrose, lactose, saccharose, maltose, and salicin; five others attacked the first four sugars but failed to produce acid in salicin. All mastitis streptococci failed to act upon raffinose, inulin, or mannite. One species isolated from a mammary abscess produced acid in all the carbohydrates. All the strains were agglutinated with an antiserum prepared from one typical strain. The agglutination titer varied over wide limits, although all the streptococci were agglutinated at a dilution of 1:500. None of the strains inoculated proved pathogenic for rabbits. A pig fed on the milk from two typical cases of mastitis remained well.
Characterization of a Novel Mechanism of Genomic Instability Involving the SEI1/SET/NM23H1 Pathway in Esophageal Cancers
Authors: Yan Li, Chang-Jun Nie, Liang Hu, Yanru Qin, Hai-bo Liu, Ting-Ting Zeng, Leilei Chen, Li Fu, Wen Deng, Shu-Peng Chen, Wei-Hua Jia, Chunyu Zhang, Dan Xie, Xin-Yuan Guan
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Amplification of 19q is a frequent genetic alteration in many solid tumors, and SEI1 is a candidate oncogene within the amplified region. Our previous study found that the oncogenic function of SEI1 was associated with chromosome instability. In this study, we report a novel mechanism of genomic instability involving the SEI1-SET-NM23H1 pathway. Overexpression of SEI1 was observed in 57 of 100 of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases. Functional study showed that SEI1 had strong tumorigenic ability, and overexpression of SEI1 could induce the genomic instability by increasing micronuclei formation and reducing the number of chromosomes. Further study found that SEI1 was able to upregulate SET expression and subsequently promote the translocation of a small amount of NM23H1 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Nuclear NM23H1 can induce DNA damage through its DNA nick activity. Unlike CTL attack, only a small amount of NM23H1 translocated into the nucleus (<10%) induced by the overexpression of SEI1. Further study found that the small amount of NM23H1 only induced minor DNA damage and subsequently increased genomic instability, rather than inducing irreparable DNA damage and initiating apoptosis by CTL attack. Sister chromatid exchange experiment found that the translocation of small amount of NM23H1 into the nucleus induced by the overexpressions of SEI1/SET could increase the frequency of sister chromatid exchange. In addition, overexpression of SEI1 was associated with poor prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Taken together, these findings define a novel mechanism of genomic instability and malignant progression in esophageal cancers, a deadly disease of increasing incidence in developed countries.
Textbook of Pediatric Rheumatology
Authors: Ann M. Reed, Angela Robinson
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Young Patient With Persistent Gingival Bleeding
Authors: Juan F. Yepes, Dean White
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mucolytics useful for COPD, guidelines say
Authors: Caroline White
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Doctors need to be much more aware of the possibility of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), particularly among current and former smokers, new clinical guidelines say.

Half of the estimated 1.5 million people in the United Kingdom with the disease remain undiagnosed. It is the fifth commonest cause of death in England and Wales, accounting for nearly 28 000 deaths every year.

The guidelines were developed for the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) by the National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions, to raise standards of care for …