tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
'Ensuring Medical Care for the Aged'
Authors: Leonard W. Martin
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The purpose of "Ensuring Medical Care for the Aged"<sup>1</sup>is "to give an integrated and comprehensive picture of the essential findings" from reports in scientific and professional journals as well as discussions in meetings and conferences dealing with the provision and financing of medical care for the aged (p. xi). Mr. Spiegelman has collected and assimilated a vast amount of diverse and fugitive material and has integrated it successfully with interpretation in a highly coherent and wellorganized volume. Since many sources have been consulted, the book also serves as a comprehensive bibliography of materials in this area. Moreover, the author as a statistician, is acutely aware of the various merits, qualifications, and limitations the data may possess. This book contains 80 carefully prepared tables. Some combine several tables from one source, as table 2.11 (p. 29) which relates aged couples and individuals—distributed by annual receipts—to living arrangements (with relatives)
Impaired recycling of surfactant-like liposomes in type II pneumocytes from injured lungs
Authors: B Muller
Journal: Thorax (2003)

Surfactant synthesis and secretion has been shown to be impaired in type II cells from diseased lungs. The mechanism of surfactant lipid recycling, which is an important physiological process in surfactant treatment, was studied in type II cells isolated from injured lungs.Different stages of lung injury were induced by exposing rats to 10 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) for 3, 20, and 28 days. Type II cells were isolated from these lungs and recycling of (3)H-DPPC labelled surfactant-like liposomes was studied in vitro.Uptake of liposomes (150 micro g/ml) for 20 minutes in the absence and presence of surfactant protein-A (SP-A, 5 micro g/ml) was higher in cells from NO(2) injured lungs (63-78%) than in control cells. There was no difference in liposome uptake between the groups with NO(2) exposure of different duration. After liposome uptake, most of the internalised label remained in the phosphatidylcholine (PC) fraction and increased with duration of exposure to NO(2). After 20 minutes internalisation, cells were allowed to resecrete lipids for a further 20 minute period. In cells from controls and from all stages of lung injury, liposomes that had been internalised in the presence of SP-A were resecreted to a greater extent than those internalised without SP-A. However, cells from lungs exposed to NO(2) resecreted less lipid than cells from control lungs. Again, there was no difference in resecretion between the groups with NO(2) exposure of different duration.Type II cells from injured lungs internalise more surfactant-like liposomes than cells from controls, suggesting a putative therapeutic significance to cope with limited alveolar surfactant pools in lung injury.
Myocardin regulates expression of contractile genes in smooth muscle cells and is required for closure of the ductus arteriosus in mice
Authors: Jianhe Huang, Lan Cheng, Jian Li, Mary Chen, Deying Zhou, Min Min Lu, Aaron Proweller, Jonathan A. Epstein, Michael S. Parmacek
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Myocardin (Myocd) is a potent transcriptional coactivator that has been implicated in cardiovascular development and adaptation of the cardiovascular system to hemodynamic stress. To determine the function of myocardin in the developing cardiovascular system, MyocdF/F/Wnt1-Cre+ and MyocdF/F/Pax3-Cre+ mice were generated in which the myocardin gene was selectively ablated in neural crest–derived SMCs populating the cardiac outflow tract and great arteries. Both MyocdF/F/Wnt1-Cre+ and MyocdF/F/Pax3-Cre+ mutant mice survived to birth, but died prior to postnatal day 3 from patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Neural crest–derived SMCs populating the ductus arteriosus (DA) and great arteries exhibited a cell autonomous block in expression of myocardin-regulated genes encoding SMC-restricted contractile proteins. Moreover, Myocd-deficient vascular SMCs populating the DA exhibited ultrastructural features generally associated with the SMC synthetic, rather than contractile, phenotype. Consistent with these findings, ablation of the Myocd gene in primary aortic SMCs harvested from Myocd conditional mutant mice caused a dramatic decrease in SMC contractile protein expression. Taken together, these data demonstrate that myocardin regulates expression of genes required for the contractile phenotype in neural crest–derived SMCs and provide new insights into the molecular and genetic programs that may underlie PDA.
Hepatitis C: IIb (IV) or not IIb (IV) that is the question
Authors: Richard Sallie
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Objective: To analyze the distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes among patients positive for antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) according to age, severity of liver disease, and duration of infection; to investigate the influence of HCV genotypes on response to interferon-α therapy; and to study HCV viremia levels in relation to genotypes and severity of liver disease. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: 3 university hospitals and 2 research units. Patients: 3 groups of French and Italian patients with chronic HCV infection and detectable serum HCV RNA: Group 1 included 35 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma; group 2, 71 patients with cirrhosis who did not have hepatocellular carcinoma; and group
OPERATION FOR CORRECTION OF MILD CLAW-FOOT, THE RESULT OF INFANTILE PARALYSIS
Authors: FRANK D. DICKSON
Journal: JAMA (1926)

In all cases of claw-foot due to anterior poliomyelitis, there is weakness or paralysis of the flexor longus hallucis and the flexor longus digitorum, with over-action of the corresponding extensor tendons, resulting in prominence of the ball of the foot and the development of hammer toes. Several operative procedures for the correction of such claw-foot deformity with hammer toes have been devised and are being successfully used. These procedures all have as their basis the utilization of the extensor longus hallucis and the extensor longus digitorum for the purpose of dorsally flexing the anterior part of the foot, and at the same time removing their deforming action on the toes. Sherman<sup>1</sup>and McKenzie Forbes<sup>2</sup>have advised the transplantation of these tendons into the heads of the metatarsal bones to correct this condition. The Forbes procedure was devised originally, we believe, for use in claw-foot which was not due
Case of Neuralgia of the Ischiatic Nerve, Treated by Dr. Alexander Wood's New Method, of Applying the Opiate Directly to the Painful Points
Authors: G. L. Bonnar
Journal: BMJ (1857)

would or could right herself.One gentleman asked what was to be done in cases of preternatural presentations.It is a curious fact that, in puerperal fits, the presentation is never preternatural-at least, it has never been so in my practice, and I am not aware of a single case on record.Nevertheless, if such cases should occur, it is clear that, if the child could not be delivered without manual help, manual help must be em- ployed, let the circumstances assume what form they might.I am far from wishing to establish or uproot a principle: I simply wishi to state my practice and its results, not knowing how soorn I may be called upon to change it altogether, which I should not hesitate to do if, in my judgment, the case or cases imperatively demanded it.
Identification of Distinct Self-Management Styles of Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Stefan Schneider, Ronald J. Iannotti, Tonja R. Nansel, Denise L. Haynie, Bruce Simons-Morton, Douglas O. Sobel, Linda Zeitzoff, Loretta Clark, Leslie P. Plotnick
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Using a profile-based approach to the assessment of diabetes management, the purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate an empirically derived classification system of distinct self-management styles.Youth with type 1 diabetes (n = 156) aged 10-16 years and their parents were administered a modified version of the Diabetes Self-Management Profile (DSMP). Cluster analyses were performed independently on parent and youth report forms to categorize patients based on their patterns of scores in five diabetes self-management areas.Cluster analyses revealed three self-management styles that emerged from both youth and parent report: a "methodical style" (33%) with an emphasis on careful meal planning and correct insulin administration; an "adaptive style" (46%), characterized by high rates of blood glucose testing, exercise, and self-care adjustments; and an "inadequate style" (21%) with moderate rates of self-care adjustments and otherwise low DSMP scores. Convergence between parent and youth report classifications was moderate (Cohen's kappa = 0.47, P < 0.0001). A1C was 1.6% higher in the inadequate style group than in both other groups (P < 0.0001), and the classification significantly accounted for differences in A1C above what was explained by an overall DSMP score.The findings provide support for recognizing subgroups of patients with unique multidimensional patterns of self-care behaviors. The assessment of self-management styles may prove useful for customized treatments that are targeted directly to the patients' needs.
On the temporal development of erythrocyte sedimentation rate using sealed vacuum tubes
Authors: Anders Kallner
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

The temporal development of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was studied in wide, short vacuum tubes. It was found that in about 3% of the specimens arriving in the laboratory the ESR developed in three different phases during 60 min, whereas the other showed only two. The specimens with three phases behaved similarly in the Westergren method. It was shown that the Westergren ESR can be estimated with an acceptable accuracy already from measurements obtained after 30 min. Reproducibility and precision were improved by using a special instrument. Several advantages by this procedure were recognized, e.g., quicker results, identification of several otherwise missed rapid ESR. Accurate timing of the readings further improves accuracy and precision, and permits estimation of ESR (Westergren) up to 100 mm. In view of the obvious phases in the development of the ESR, it is proposed that this abbreviation is interpreted as erythrocyte sedimentation reaction and that the kind of quantity that is length is expressed in mm.
Fungi in carpeting and furniture dust
Authors: G Schober
Journal: Allergy (1991)

The qualitative and quantitative species composition of fungi in carpets and upholstered furniture dust found in the living‐rooms of nine Dutch dwellings was examined in a pilot study. Numbers of spores of xerophilic fungi did not differ in dust removed from carpeting' and upholstery. Spores of hydrophilic species were found to be more predominant on floors ( P &lt; 0.05), whereas meso‐hygrophilic spores, largely dominated by allergologically relevant Penicillium species, were significantly more abundant in dust taken from regularly used furniture ( P &lt; 0.05), Our results indicate that growth conditions for fungi in the micro‐habitats of furniture differ from those in carpeting. No statistically significant differences in number of viable spores have been found in samples taken from ground‐floor level compared with those taken from 1st to 3rd floor level of dwellings. From this study, the need for a micro‐topographic analysis of the fungal flora in the human environment has become apparent. Efficient allergological home sanitation in dwellings of allergic patients requires detailed data about the colonization of the various micro‐habitats by allergenic fungi.
Intrathoracic Splenosis after Remote Trauma
Authors: Leah M Backhus, Ross M Bremner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

A healthy 39-year-old man with persistent influenza-like symptoms underwent chest radiography, which showed two pericardial masses (Panels A and B, arrows). Computed tomography (CT) showed that the masses (one 3.3 by 3.3 cm and the other 2.9 by 2.0 cm) were along the lateral pericardium on the left side. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed the masses to be noncystic soft tissue (Panel C). The patient was referred for thoracoscopic resection. The patient had undergone laparotomy 20 years earlier after a motor vehicle accident. He reported that his spleen had been removed, his diaphragm had been repaired, and chest tubes had been . . .
Evidence for expression in human liver of halothane-induced neoantigens recognized by antibodies in sera from patients with halothane hepatitis
Authors: Gerald J. Kenna, James Neuberger, Roger Williams
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Previous investigations have shown that antibodies in sera from patients with halothane hepatitis recognize neoantigens, expressed in livers of halothane-exposed rabbits and rats, which consist of a halothane metabolite bound covalently to specific microsomal proteins. These studies have suggested that the patients’ antibodies may play a role in the pathogenesis of the hepatitis. In the present investigation, human liver biopsy samples were analyzed using an immunoblotting method to seek evidence for expression of halothane-induced neoantigens in humans. Sera from four patients with halothane hepatitis, which recognized halothane-induced rabbit liver neoantigens of 100, 76 and 57 kD, reacted strongly with antigens of very similar molecular weights that were expressed in livers from two patients who had died of cardiac failure following recent anesthesia with halothane. The antigens were not expressed in normal human liver or in livers from three patients who died of cardiac failure following anesthesia with agents other than halothane. The human antigens were not recognized by antibodies present in various control sera. Recognition of the 100- and 76-kD human antigens by the patients’ antibodies was greatly reduced by absorption of sera with liver microsomes from halothane-exposed rabbits, but not by absorption of sera with control rabbit microsomes. These results indicate that humans exposed to halothane express liver neoantigens which are analogous to the halothane metabolite-protein neoantigens characterized previously in halothane-exposed animals.
Day-Night Blood Pressure Variation in Normotensive, Normoalbuminuric Type I Diabetic Subjects: Dippers and non-dippers
Authors: Richard Gilbert, Paddy Phillips, Caroline Clarke, George Jerums
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To examine day-night blood pressure (BP) variation in normotensive, normoalbuminuric subjects with type I diabetes and to assess the prevalence of an impaired nocturnal BP fall. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Fourteen healthy volunteers and 13 normotensive, normoalbuminuric subjects with type I diabetes were studied with an ambulatory sphygmomanometric device for 24 h. RESULTS No significant difference was found between diabetic and control groups with regard to daytime systolic blood pressure (sBP) or diastolic blood pressure (dBP). However, the mean nighttime sBPs (P &amp;lt; 0.01) and dBPs (P = 0.01) were significantly higher in the diabetic group compared with the control group. Furthermore, the night/day ratio for both sBP (P &amp;lt; 0.01) and dBP (P &amp;lt; 0.01) was significantly higher in the diabetic group. Approximately half of the diabetic subjects studied were non-dippers when defined either by a nocturnal fall in sBP/dBP of &amp;lt; 10/5 mmHg (5/13 vs. 0/14, P &amp;lt; 0.05: diabetic group vs. control group) or a day to night fall in either sBP (7/13 vs. 2/14, P &amp;lt; 0.05) or dBP (6/13 vs. 0/14, P &amp;lt; 0.01) of &amp;lt;10%. CONCLUSIONS Ambulatory BP may reveal impaired nocturnal BP fall in normotensive, normoalbuminuric subjects with type I diabetes. These subjects may be at greater risk of certain complications as a consequence of an increased BP burden.
Surface Coil Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: William A. Edelstein, John F. Schenck, Howard R. Hart, Christopher J. Hardy, Thomas H. Foster, Paul A. Bottomley
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of Age and Arteriosclerosis on the Response of Parkinsonian Patients to Levodopa
Authors: R. B. Godwin-Austen, S. Bergmann, C. C. Frears
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Twenty-four patients with Parkinsonism were treated with levodopa for up to one year. Ten were aged under 65, 12 were aged 65 or over, and two were specifically included because they were considered to have arteriosclerotic Parkinsonism. These two patients showed no response to treatment. The 10 younger patients showed less clinical evidence of arteriosclerosis than the older ones, and responded significantly better to treatment with levodopa. Mean improvement was 61% in the younger group after 12 months9 treatment and 28% in the older group. Improvement was greatest within three months of starting treatment. Abnormal movements which resulted from treatment with levodopa could be reduced with only slight loss of therapeutic benefit by the addition of tetrabenazine.
The nucleotide sugar UDP-glucose mobilizes long-term repopulating primitive hematopoietic cells
Authors: Sungho Kook, Joonseok Cho, Sean Bong Lee, Byeong-Chel Lee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) are present in very small numbers in the circulating blood in steady-state conditions. In response to stress or injury, HSPCs are primed to migrate out of their niche to peripheral blood. Mobilized HSPCs are now commonly used as stem cell sources due to faster engraftment and reduced risk of posttransplant infection. In this study, we demonstrated that a nucleotide sugar, UDP-glucose, which is released into extracellular fluids in response to stress, mediates HSPC mobilization. UDP-glucose–mobilized cells possessed the capacity to achieve long-term repopulation in lethally irradiated animals and the ability to differentiate into multi-lineage blood cells. Compared with G-CSF–mobilized cells, UDP-glucose–mobilized cells preferentially supported long-term repopulation and exhibited lymphoid-biased differentiation, suggesting that UDP-glucose triggers the mobilization of functionally distinct subsets of HSPCs. Furthermore, co-administration of UDP-glucose and G-CSF led to greater HSPC mobilization than G-CSF alone. Administration of the antioxidant agent NAC significantly reduced UDP-glucose–induced mobilization, coinciding with a reduction in RANKL and osteoclastogenesis. These findings provide direct evidence demonstrating a potential role for UDP-glucose in HSPC mobilization and may provide an attractive strategy to improve the yield of stem cells in poor-mobilizing allogeneic or autologous donors.
Unusual Congenital Anomaly Involving the Larynx, Trachea and Esophagus
Authors: Eleanor Triboletti
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

CONGENITAL anomalies involving the larynx, trachea and esophagus are rare. Five types of tracheal and esophageal anomalies have been described by Ladd.1 Sayre and Hall2 reported 2 cases of anomalies of the larynx associated with tracheoesophageal fistula. One was congenital subglottis stenosis; the other showed complete laryngeal atresia. The following case is rare in that it represents a common laryngotracheoesophageal tract.Case ReportA full-term male infant weighed 2.9 kg. (6 pounds, 6 ounces) at birth. There had been no complications during this pregnancy and no illnesses during the 1st trimester. Within a few hours he was noted to have . . .
Future government should prioritise public health, BMA says
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The BMA has urged a prospective government to prioritise public health ahead of next year’s UK general election by taking “decisive action” on alcohol pricing and tobacco control.

In new manifesto published on 15 September1 the association set out the key areas that it believed a new government should focus on to deliver high quality patient care in the context of rising demand and unprecedented funding challenges. The paper, Four Steps to a Healthier Nation , called for the introduction of a minimum unit price of 50p for alcohol and a ban on the sale of tobacco to anyone …
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies to proteinase 3 in Wegener's granulomatosis: Epitope analysis using synthetic peptides
Authors: Ymke M. Van Der Geld, Arjan Simpelaar, Ruurd Van Der Zee, Jan Willem Cohen Tervaert, Coen A. Stegeman, Pieter C. Limburg, Cees G.M. Kallenberg
Journal: Kidney International (2001)
Association Between Efavirenz as Initial Therapy for HIV-1 Infection and Increased Risk for Suicidal Ideation or Attempted or Completed Suicide
Authors: Katie R. Mollan, Marlene Smurzynski, Joseph J. Eron, Eric S. Daar, Thomas B. Campbell, Paul E. Sax, Roy M. Gulick, Lumine Na, Lauren O'Keefe, Kevin R. Robertson, Camlin Tierney
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

This article has been corrected. The original version (PDF) is appended to this article as a Supplement. Background: The relationship between efavirenz use and suicidality is not well-defined. Objective: To compare time to suicidality with efavirenz-containing versus efavirenz-free antiretroviral regimens for initial treatment of HIV. Design: Participant-level data were analyzed from 4 AIDS Clinical Trials Group, antiretroviral-naive studies conducted from 2001 to 2010. Within each study, participants were randomly assigned to an efavirenz-containing (n = 3241) or efavirenz-free (n = 2091) regimen. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00013520 [A5095], NCT00050895 [A5142], NCT00084136 [A5175], and NCT00118898 [A5202]) Setting: AIDS Clinical Trials Group sites; 74% of participants enrolled in the United States. Patients: Antiretroviral-naive participants. Intervention: Efavirenz versus efavirenz-free regimens. Measurements: Suicidality was defined as suicidal ideation or attempted or completed suicide. Groups were compared with a hazard ratio and 95% CI estimated from a Cox model, stratified by study. Results: Seventy-three percent of participants were men, the median age was 37 years, and 32% had documented psychiatric history or received psychoactive medication within 30 days before entering the study. Median follow-up was 96 weeks. Suicidality incidence per 1000 person-years was 8.08 (47 events) in the efavirenz group and 3.66 (15 events) in the efavirenz-free group (hazard ratio, 2.28 [95% CI, 1.27 to 4.10]; P = 0.006). Incidence of attempted or completed suicide was 2.90 (17 events) and 1.22 (5 events) in the efavirenz and efavirenz-free groups, respectively (hazard ratio, 2.58 [CI, 0.94 to 7.06]; P = 0.065). Eight suicides in the efavirenz group and 1 in the efavirenz-free group were reported. Limitation: There was not a standardized questionnaire about suicidal ideation or attempt. Efavirenz was open-label in 3 of 4 studies. Conclusion: Initial treatment with an efavirenz-containing antiretroviral regimen was associated with a 2-fold increased hazard of suicidality compared with a regimen without efavirenz. Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health.