tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Disappearance of Osteoblastic Metastases in Prostatic Carcinoma Following Estramustine Therapy
Authors: Raphael Catane, Jerome Kaufman, Arnold Mittelman, Gerald P. Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Healing of osseous metastases is usually described as a recalcification process and is best seen in osteolytic lesions.<sup>1</sup>Osteoblastic lesions are more difficult to evaluate. Eighty percent of the skeletal metastases in prostatic carcinoma are purely osteoblastic in nature<sup>2</sup>; thus, the evaluation of improvement is difficult. Endocrine therapy may bring about a dramatic clinical improvement associated with return of acid and alkaline phosphatase values to normal, but the roentgenographic appearance of the blastic lesions rarely changes. In an early report, Huggins and co-workers<sup>3</sup>claimed that all patients with prostatic carcinoma who underwent orchiectomy had increased osteosclerosis of the skeletal metastases. Others<sup>2</sup>have reported an occasional shrinkage of osteoblastic lesions, but complete disappearance of osteoblastic metastases has never, to our knowledge, been previously reported. Two patients treated with estramustine phosphate (Estracyt) who were observed for more than three years exhibited a gradual complete disappearance
Limited Value of Uric Acid to Creatinine Ratios in Estimating Uric Acid Excretion
Authors: ROBERT L. WORTMANN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

The value of the uric acid to creatinine ratio and the uric acid to creatinine clearance ratio in predicting 24-hour urinary uric acid excretion was assessed in 49 patients with normal enzyme activity and 22 patients with purine enzyme deficiencies. A 24-hour urinary uric acid to creatinine ratio greater than 0.75 was found in six of nine patients with a partial deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase and in all patients with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. A ratio of less than 0.10 suggested xanthinuria or severe purine nucleoside Phosphorylase deficiency. Neither ratio calculated from 2-hour timed collections or the 24-hour specimen showed a high correlation with 24-hour urine uric acid excretion in patients with normal enzyme activity, perhaps because of a diurnal variation in urinary uric acid excretion. The spoturine uric acid to creatinine ratio does not accurately predict the 24-hour urine uric acid excretion in patients with normal enzyme activity.
Lineage-Specific Selection in Human mtDNA: Lack of Polymorphisms in a Segment of MTND5 Gene in Haplogroup J
Authors: J. S. Moilanen
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a nonrecombining genome that codes for 13 subunits of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system, 2 rRNAs, and 22 tRNAs. Mutations have accumulated sequentially in mtDNA lineages that diverged tens of thousands of years ago. The genes in mtDNA are subject to different functional constraints and are therefore expected to evolve at different rates, but the rank order of these rates should be the same in all lineages of a phylogeny. Previous studies have indicated, however, that specific regions of mtDNA may have experienced different histories of selection in different lineages, possibly because of lineage-specific interactions or environmental factors such as climate. We report here on a survey for lineage-specific patterns of nucleotide polymorphism in human mtDNA. We calculated molecular polymorphism indices and neutrality tests for classes of functional sites and genes in 837 human mtDNA sequences, compared the results between continent-specific mtDNA lineages, and used two sliding window methods to identify differences in the patterns of polymorphism between haplogroups. A general correlation between nucleotide position and the level of nucleotide polymorphism was identified in the coding region of the mitochondrial genome. Nucleotide diversity in the protein-coding sequence of mtDNA was generally not much higher than that found for many genes in nuclear DNA. A comparison of nonsynonymous/synonymous rate ratios in the 13 protein-coding genes suggested differences in the relative levels of selection between haplogroups, including the European haplogroup clusters. Interestingly, a segment of the MTND5 gene was found to be almost void of segregating sites and nonsynonymous mutations in haplogroup J, which has been associated with susceptibility to certain complex diseases. Our results suggest that there are haplogroup-specific differences in the intensity of selection against particular regions of the mitochondrial genome, indicating that some mutations may be non-neutral within specific phylogenetic lineages but neutral within others.
Appeal court upholds trust's decision to deny patient bariatric surgery
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A morbidly obese former policeman whose doctors say may have less than a year to live has lost his bid in the Court of Appeal in London to obtain a laparoscopic gastric bypass paid for by the NHS.

Tom Condliff, 62, who weighs 140 kg and has diabetes and associated illnesses, claimed that North Staffordshire primary care trust violated his human rights in denying him the procedure. His lawyer, Richard Clayton QC, argued that the trust should have taken social as well as clinical factors into account in reaching its decision.

But three appeal court …
What Role Can Endoscopy Play in the Management of Biliary Complications after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy?
Authors: F. Prat, G. Pelletier, T. Ponchon, J Fritsch, B. Meduri, J. Boyer, B. Person, J.-F. Bretagne
Journal: Endoscopy (1997)

This study was carried out to establish the indications for biliary endoscopy due to biliary complications after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).One hundred nineteen patients (36 men, 86 women; median age 59, range 16-93) were referred for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) to five centers between 1990 and 1994, and included in the study. The delay between LC and ERCP was 105 +/- 21 days.Four types of complications were observed. a) Fifty-seven patients had residual stones or clip migration into the common bile duct (CBD); all were successfully treated with endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES). b) Twelve major injuries to the CBD were diagnosed by ERCP; successful surgical repair was carried out in most of these cases. c) Twenty patients had a partial biliary stricture; endoscopic stenting was attempted as a primary procedure in eight patients, with a satisfactory outcome in five (63%). d) Thirty patients had a bile leak; endoscopic therapy (26 patients) led to recovery in 18 (69%). The benefit of endoscopic treatment was less clear in five (19%); ES failed to bring about improvement in three patients (12%).ERCP is indicated when a biliary complication is suspected after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Endoscopic sphincterotomy is effective for the treatment of retained stones, clip migration, and bile leakage. Endoscopic stenting may be offered as a primary option in partial CBD strictures.
Transforming growth factor-β and substrate stiffness regulate portal fibroblast activation in culture
Authors: Zhaodong Li, Jonathan A. Dranoff, Erick P. Chan, Masayuki Uemura, Jean Sévigny, Rebecca G. Wells
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Myofibroblasts derived from portal fibroblasts are important fibrogenic cells in the early stages of biliary fibrosis. In contrast to hepatic stellate cells, portal fibroblasts have not been well studied in vitro, and little is known about their myofibroblastic differentiation. In this article we report the isolation and characterization of rat portal fibroblasts in culture. We demonstrate that primary portal fibroblasts undergo differentiation to alpha-smooth muscle actin-expressing myofibroblasts over 10-14 days. Marker analysis comparing portal fibroblasts to hepatic stellate cells demonstrated that these are distinct populations and that staining with elastin and desmin can differentiate between them. Portal fibroblasts expressed elastin at all stages in culture but never expressed desmin, whereas hepatic stellate cells consistently expressed desmin but never elastin. Immunostaining of rat liver tissue confirmed these results in vivo. Characterization of portal fibroblast differentiation in culture demonstrated that these cells required transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta): cells remained quiescent in the presence of a TGF-beta receptor kinase inhibitor, whereas exogenous TGF-beta1 enhanced portal fibroblast alpha-smooth muscle actin expression and stress fiber formation. In contrast, platelet-derived growth factor inhibited myofibroblastic differentiation. Portal fibroblasts were also dependent on mechanical tension for myofibroblastic differentiation, and cells cultured on polyacrylamide supports of variable stiffness demonstrated an increasingly myofibroblastic phenotype as stiffness increased.Portal fibroblasts are morphologically and functionally distinct from hepatic stellate cells. Portal fibroblast myofibroblastic differentiation can be modeled in culture and requires both TGF-beta and mechanical tension.
Victory for women's rights in Kuwait reawakens hope
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<i>Empowering women is seen as an essential step to improving health and development in the Middle East. <b>Zosia Kmietowicz</b> talks to <b>Lulwa Almulla,</b> who describes herself as one of Kuwait9s “first women9s activists</i>
CLINICAL DATA OBTAINED WITH THE FEMALE SEX HORMONE BLOOD TEST
Authors: ROBERT T. FRANK
Journal: JAMA (1928)

Our blood test<sup>1</sup>has thrown a flood of light on some of the most obscure diseases of women and has enabled us to gage with accuracy the functional activity or inactivity of the ovaries. The test has proved of value not only in the diagnosis of obscure conditions but also in formulating the prognosis of both amenorrheas and metrorrhagias, as well as a guide in evaluating the effect of treatment. The work presented here is the logical outcome of investigations pursued with some unavoidable interruptions since 1906. The fundamental work, between 1906 and 1925, was performed by one of us (R. T. F.) with the collaboration of a number of investigators, including the late Dr. Jacob Rosenbloom, Mr. Lee, Dr. Giese, Dr. R. G. Gustavson, Mr. Kingery and Mr. Bonham. A very brief outline of this preliminary fundamental work is necessary in order to make clear what follows. For
Continuing Education in Opioid Prescribing
Authors: Murray Kopelow
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Which features of the metabolic syndrome predict clinical outcomes (death/myocardial infarction) in patients with angiographic coronary artery disease?
Authors: Heath U. Jones, Joseph B. Muhlestein, John F. Carlquist, Benjamin D. Horne, Robert R. Pearson, Chloe A. Allen Maycock, Sandra P. Reyna, Tami L. Bair, Donald L. Lappé, Dale G. Renlund, Jeffrey L. Anderson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
The Trial of the Assassin Guiteau: Psychiatry and Law in the Gilded Age
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Charles Guiteau shot President Garfield on July 2, 1881, and Garfield died Sept 19, 1881. No one doubted these facts. Was Guiteau guilty of murder? After a lengthy trial, he was found guilty and subsequently executed, but there still remained controversy as to whether the decision was correct. Perhaps he should have been found "not guilty by reason of insanity." Rosenberg presents a story of the crime, a biography of Guiteau, a detailed account of the trial, and a discussion of its significance. During the late 19th century, although few physicians specialized in psychiatry, those who did had possibly even more conflicting viewpoints than today's psychiatrists. Asylum physicians, especially members of the Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane, believed that mental illness was essentially a physical disease, due to a lesion in the brain, neither inherited nor congenital, although hereditary predisposition was possible. They denied the
Tobacco giant wins appeal over document shredding
Authors: B. Burton
Journal: BMJ (2002)

In a decision that has stunned tobacco control advocates, the Victorian Court of Appeal in Australia has overturned an earlier ruling against British American Tobacco (BAT) that had awarded over $A700 000 (£250 000; $US394 000; €390 000) in damages to a dying smoker. It had dismissed the company's defence because it had destroyed thousands of potentially relevant documents ( BMJ 2002;324:934).

On 6 December 2002 the Victorian Court of Appeal unanimously ruled in favour …
Atherosclerotic Renovascular Disease in Older US Patients Starting Dialysis, 1996 to 2001
Authors: Haifeng Guo, Philip A. Kalra, David T. Gilbertson, Jiannong Liu, Shu-Cheng Chen, Allan J. Collins, Robert N. Foley
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Temporal trends regarding the epidemiology of atherosclerotic renovascular disease (ARVD) in dialysis populations are poorly defined.United States Renal Data System data were used to identify patients aged 67 years or older at dialysis inception between 1996 and 2001 (n=146,973). Medicare claims in the preceding 2 years were used to identify ARVD and revascularization procedures. Prior ARVD rose from 7.1% to 11.2% between 1996 and 2001 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.68). Other associations included hypertensive end-stage renal disease (ESRD; AOR, 2.21), ESRD network (AOR, 0.44 in network 17 versus 1.00 in network 1), peripheral vascular disease (AOR, 1.65), black race (AOR, 0.44), urologic cause of ESRD (AOR, 0.57), age >85 years (AOR, 0.58), substance dependency (AOR, 0.62), and inability to ambulate or transfer (AOR, 0.67). The proportion of ARVD patients undergoing revascularization rose from 14.6% to 16.7% between 1996 and 2001 (AOR, 1.27). Other associations included hypertension (AOR, 2.10), ESRD network (AOR, 2.07 for network 13 versus 1.00 in network 1), age >85 years (AOR, 0.53), and black race (AOR, 0.54). The rise in ARVD was not reflected in the proportion of patients with renovascular disease listed as cause of ESRD on the Medical Evidence Report at dialysis inception (5.5% in 1996, 5.0% in 2001).ARVD diagnoses have become more common in older patients beginning dialysis therapy. The association of demographic factors including age, race, and geographic residence with utilization patterns suggests possible barriers to care.
Senior house officers and their training. II. Perceptions of service and training.
Authors: J. Grant, P. Marsden, R. C. King
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Aspects of teaching and learning at senior house officer level in South East Thames region were investigated by analysis of the responses of consultants, senior registrars, registrars, and senior house officers to a postal questionnaire. Responses to sections about who teaches senior house officers, how senior house officers learn, and the relation between the service and training elements of these posts varied significantly, according to the status of the respondents; certain grades commonly overestimated their own contribution when compared with the estimates of the other grades. Although the replies of senior house officers showed that they were taught by various grades, 47% of this group did not regard the consultant as their main teacher. Senior registrars and registrars rather than consultants were regarded by senior house officers as best at teaching (63% v 48% respectively). Consultants and registrars were considered to require more commitment to training, personal educational training, and to be more approachable. Inquiry about teaching methods used most by senior house officers showed absence of a systematic approach to training. Only about half of senior house officers cited ward rounds with consultants. Views on the relation between training and service were significantly different among grades, but there was general dissatisfaction. Overall, the findings disclosed the ineffectiveness of senior house officer training posts. This arises from lack of a clear distinction between training and service elements, of educational training for teachers, of a clear contractual obligation to teach im the consultant grade, and of allotted time for training and study for the teachers and senior house officers respectively. Reversal of these current trends is needed for senior house officer posts to fulfil their main training function.
The Human Skeleton
Authors: Phillip G. Spiegel
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This is a remarkable book. The authors, two anatomists from Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and a medical illustrator now attending medical school, are to be congratulated on producing<i>The Human Skeleton</i>, which is alive and dynamic, vitally interesting, and exceedingly thorough. It is divided into three parts and consists of 343 pages, including index, glossary, and 145 lucid illustrations. Part 1, "The Nature of Bone," gives us the basic concepts, structure, biochemistry, growth, and a section on joints and lubrication. The second part, "The Function of Bones," is the largest and combines the anatomic areas with separate chapters on breathing, manipulation, walking, and chewing. The final part deals with interpretation of bones according to age, sex, race, and stature, the effects of trauma and disease on bones, and, in a final chapter, reconstruction. An excellent glossary, an up-to-date bibliography, and a workable index add to enjoyment and usability. The black-and-white
64 GS-5885 + GS-9451 + PEGINTERFERON AND RIBAVIRIN (PR) FOR SIX OR TWELVE WEEKS ACHIEVES HIGH SVR12 RATES IN TREATMENT-NAÏVE GENOTYPE 1 IL28B CC PATIENTS
Authors: A. Thompson, S. Han, M.L. Shiffman, L. Rossaro, R. Ghalib, K. Beavers, S. Pianko, X. Wu, P.S. Pang, S. Rossi, J. McHutchison, A. Muir, S. Lee, J. George
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
INSANITY AS RELATED TO CIVILIZATION.Read before the Section of Medical Jurisprudence, Washington Meeting American Medical Association, May, 1891.
Authors: ORPHEUS EVERTS
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Insanity may not be, as is so commonly and confidently asserted, "a disease of civilization"—but conditions essential to the phenomenal manifestations of insanity obtain so rarely among savages and lower animals, and so frequently among civilized people, that, in the absence of contradictory testimony, the assumption that it is so, would seem to be justified. The question then becomes pertinent and interesting: What constitutional modifications are effected by, or with, the process of civilization, whereby human beings are rendered more liable to become insane? Who shall answer? By common consent the medical profession is looked to for intelligent answers to all questions pertaining to insanity, and the insane. Is the profession qualified to so answer? Qualified or not, there are members of the profession ever ready to respond; the least qualified, often, being the readiest. Capability to talk volubly, or write voluminously, about insanity—or any other subject, for that matter—with
Norrie disease is caused by mutations in an extracellular protein resembling C–terminal globular domain of mucins
Authors: Alfons Meindl, Wolfgang Berger, Thomas Meitinger, Dorien van de Pol, Helene Achatz, Christa Dörner, Martina Haasemann, Heide Hellebrand, Andreas Gal, Frans Cremers, Hans-Hilger Ropers
Journal: Nature Genetics (1992)
Posterior Mediastinal Mass
Authors: Beenish Qureshi, B. S. Costantine Albany
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

A 30-year-old man presented with chest pressure, shortness of breath, severe dyspnea on exertion, dysphagia, odynophagia, and weight loss. He had undergone orchiectomy 3 years earlier for testicular seminoma but had been lost to follow-up.
Colonic involvement in pemphigus vulgaris: a rare cause of chronic diarrhea
Authors: G. Rotondano, L. Orsini, R. Marmo, M. Bianco, F. Cipolletta, R. Salerno, C. Meucci, L. Cipolletta
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune disorder characterized by epithelial blistering affecting mostly the skin and oral mucosa. The gastrointestinal tract is rarely involved; when it is, localization is usually to the esophagus or rectum [1] [2]. Colonic involvement is exceedingly rare, having been anecdotally described as the cause of hematochezia [3] or associated with ulcerative colitis [4]. Bullous colon lesions in a patient with bullous pemphigoid have also been described [5].
Local Chemotherapy in Cutaneous and Mucosal Neoplasia.
Authors: Edmund Klein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967Local Chemotherapy in Cutaneous and Mucosal Neoplasia.Edmund Klein, M.D., Peter Calamel, M.D., Frederick Helm, M.D., Stanley Hoffmeister, M.D., Herbert L. Traenkle, M.D., Penwadee Charoenvej, M.D., Halina Milgrom, M.D., Edward Miller, M.D.Edmund Klein, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Peter Calamel, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Frederick Helm, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Stanley Hoffmeister, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Herbert L. Traenkle, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Penwadee Charoenvej, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Halina Milgrom, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Edward Miller, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1064_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptLocal administration of antimitotic agents to primary and metastatic tumors in the skin was explored in animals and in man to develop model systems of neoplasia. Several antitumor agents were studied in more than 5,000 individual lesions (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma in situ, keratoses, leukoplakia) in more than 250 patients over periods up to 5 years.The natural courses of tumors were altered by local chemotherapy. In double-blind, placebo-controlled studies, topical 5-fluorouracil induced complete tumor resolution in 21 of 36 (P > 0.001) solitary basal cell carcinomas with minimal or no toxicity.Solutions or inunctions of 1 to... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Buffalo, New York, and Nutley, New Jersey PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTopical chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1064-1065KeywordsBasal cell carcinomasChemotherapyLesionsMetastatic tumorsSquamous cell carcinomaToxicity Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...