tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Most peripheral B cells in mice are ligand selected.
Authors: H Gu, D Tarlinton, W Müller, K Rajewsky, I Förster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

Using amplified cDNA and genomic libraries, we have analyzed the VH gene repertoire of pre-B cells and various B cell subsets of conventional mice at the level of VH genes belonging to the J558 VH gene family. The sequence data were evaluated on the basis of a newly established list of 67 J558 VH genes that comprise approximately two-thirds of the J558 VH genes of the murine IgHb haplotype. The results of the analysis demonstrate that VH gene utilization in pre-B cells, although biased to some extent by B cell autonomous VH gene selection, scatters over the whole range of J558 VH genes present in the germline. In contrast, in mature, peripheral B cells comprising long-lived mu + delta high B cells as well as Ly-1 B cells, small overlapping sets of germline VH genes are dominantly expressed. The data indicate that the recruitment of newly generated B cells into the long-lived peripheral B cell pool is mediated through positive selection by internal and/or external antigens. Because of the absence of immunoglobulin class switching and somatic hypermutation, this process is different from the selection of memory B cells in T cell-dependent immune responses.
Nearly half of Americans believe in at least one medical conspiracy theory, survey finds
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Nearly half (49%) of people in the United States hold with at least one medical conspiracy theory, and 18% believe in three or more, a new study has found.1

In the study, researchers conducted an internet survey of 1351 US adults, asking whether they had heard of six popular medical conspiracy theories and the level of their agreement with each of the theories. Results were weighted to provide a representative sample of the population and to have the …
Monitoring ambulatory blood pressure in general practice.
Authors: D. Webb, M. J. Stewart, P. L. Padfield
Journal: BMJ (1992)

of dose in Procrustean NHS methadone pro- grammes.We believe that the time is right to form a multidisciplinary group to promote the rational, humane, and research validated maintenance treatment for opiate addicts that has been a valu- able and traditional feature of British practice since the Rolleston committee first recommended it in 1926.We invite interested doctors to join us in setting up a British Methadone Maintenance Forum and we hope to establish an annual confer- ence on methadone.
Familial Recurrent Rhinorrhea and Bronchitis Due to Cow's Milk
Authors: John W. Gerrard
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The child with recurrent rhinorrhea and bronchitis presents a common and sometimes perplexing problem. This disorder was seen in four children. Each child had one parent who was similarly affected. Four of the 11 siblings also had this syndrome. The four children together with their affected parents and siblings were all relieved of their symptoms when cow's milk and its products were eliminated from their diets.
Limited Family Structure and Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Edwin S. Iversen, Hormuzd A. Katki, Sining Chen, Donald A. Berry, Giovanni Parmigiani
Journal: JAMA (2007)

To the Editor: In their study of limited family structure and breast cancer risk, Dr Weitzel and colleagues showed that women with early onset breast cancer and without a relevant family history may be at higher risk of carrying a BRCA mutation than is generally understood. However, we believe that the authors exaggerate the inadequacy of the BRCAPRO predictive model for women with limited family structure and that their proposed correction is subject to biases that make it unlikely to be validated with future data. By virtue of its mendelian construction, BRCAPRO properly accounts for family structure, family size, sex differences in penetrance, and missing data. It will predict the proportion of carriers correctly (ie, be calibrated), provided that the inheritance model and its parameters are correctly specified. The authors focus on individuals with early onset breast cancer and no family history of breast or ovarian cancer. Members of the adequate-family-structure group are at lower genetic risk than those in the limited-structure group because their family histories contain no cancers by design. Hence, the larger proportion of carriers observed among women with limited family structure is entirely expected and reassuring. However, the proportions of carriers observed within adequate-structure and limitedstructure families are close to their mean BRCAPRO probabilities—within 1 SD. Thus, a suggestion that BRCAPRO is not calibrated for single-case families is not statistically supported. The authors use logistic regression to claim that family structure helps predict carrier status even after accounting for BRCAPRO probability; we believe that this is not an appropriate analysis. BRCAPRO probability should have been parameterized as log-odds to be on the same scale as the response variable. When this parameterization is not used, the significance of BRCAPRO is artifactually diminished and the effect of other predictors (such as family structure) substantially overestimated. Also, the proposed correction results in a corrected probability index that can be negative or greater than 100%. Finally, the authors’ proposed correction was built to perform best on the specific data in this study. Despite this, the improvement is small and not statistically significant. Furthermore, the correction is not based on a theory of inheritance. For these reasons, we are skeptical about its ability to perform better than uncorrected BRCAPRO in subsequent validations.
Nutritional Status Has Marginal Influence on the Metabolism of Inorganic Arsenic in Pregnant Bangladeshi Women
Authors: Li Li, Eva-Charlotte Ekström, Walter Goessler, Bo Lönnerdal, Barbro Nermell, Mohammad Yunus, Anisur Rahman, Shams El Arifeen, Lars Åke Persson, Marie Vahter
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

The interindividual variation in metabolism of inorganic arsenic (iAs), involving methylation via one-carbon metabolism, has been well documented, but the reasons remain unclear.
Guidelines for managing domestic abuse when male and female partners are patients of the same physician. The Delphi Panel and the Consulting Group
Authors: L. E. Ferris
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To provide clinical guidelines for primary care physicians who are dealing with domestic abuse and who have both the abused woman and her partner as patients.A 15-member expert panel with members having experience in family practice, gynecology, emergency medicine, medical ethics, nursing, psychology, law, and social work; an 11-member consulting group with members representing medicine, consumers, police, psychology, social work, and nursing; and participants from focus groups including 48 previously abused women and 10 previously abusive men. Members of the expert panel and the consulting group were recruited by the research team. Focus group members were recruited through the agencies from which they were receiving services.Available research information, and opinions of the expert panel, the consulting group, and the focus group participants.Scoring of 144 clinical scenarios was performed by the expert panel using a modified Delphi technique involving 4 iterations. Scenarios were rated in terms of best practice for primary care physicians dealing with suspected and confirmed cases of physical abuse. Consulting group members and focus group participants then commented on the panel's results. Final guidelines were approved by the panel and the consulting group, with comments reserved in the guidelines for information from focus group participants.It is not a conflict of interest for the physician to deal with abuse of the female partner when both partners are patients. Both patients have a right to autonomy, confidentiality, honesty, and quality care. Patients should be dealt with independently, thereby facilitating assessment of the magnitude and severity of the victim's injuries. Physicians should not discuss the possibility of domestic abuse with the male partner without the prior consent of the abused female partner. Joint counseling is generally inadvisable and should be attempted only when the violence has ended, provided both partners give independent consent and the physician has adequate training and skills to deal with the situation without escalating the violence. If the physician feels unable to deal effectively with either patient because of the dual relationship, referral to another qualified physician is preferred.
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of arginine supplementation in chronic renal failure
Authors: Luca De Nicola, Vincenzo Bellizzi, Roberto Minutolo, Michele Andreucci, Alfredo Capuano, Giacomo Garibotto, Gaetano Corso, Vittorio E. Andreucci, Bruno Cianciaruso
Journal: Kidney International (1999)
Standardization and quality control studies of ‘real-time’ quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction of fusion gene transcripts for residual disease detection in leukemia – A Europe Against Cancer Program
Authors: J Gabert, E Beillard, V H J van der Velden, W Bi, D Grimwade, N Pallisgaard, G Barbany, G Cazzaniga, J M Cayuela, H Cavé, F Pane, J L E Aerts, D De Micheli, X Thirion, V Pradel, M González, S Viehmann, M Malec, G Saglio, J J M van Dongen
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
Stewart F. Alexander, MD
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Coronary Vasodilator Properties of Purine and Pyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: MARY M. WOLF, ROBERT M. BERNE
Journal: Circulation Research (1956)

The vasodilator potency of the adenine nucleotides has been quantitated. Adenosine and AMP were found to be of equal potency and approximately one fourth as effective as ADP and ATP in increasing coronary blood flow. With the exception of UTP, which was also one fourth as potent as ATP, the derivatives of the hypoxanthine, guanine, cytosine and uracil bases lacked vasodilator properties. An increase in myocardial oxygen consumption was observed during infusion of ATP and UTP. However, the elevation in coronary blood flow was greater than that necessary to meet the increased oxygen requirements of the myocardium.
Offering Advance Directives
Authors: Steven B. Hardin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 April 1993Offering Advance DirectivesSteven B. Hardin, MD and Lawrence K. Loo, MDSteven B. Hardin, MDSearch for more papers by this author and Lawrence K. Loo, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-7-199304010-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Schneiderman and colleagues' study [1] of the effect of completing an advance directive on health care represents long overdue attention to a widely advocated but not adequately studied therapeutic intervention.An advance directive, as generally legislated, takes effect only after a patient loses decision-making capacity. According to the investigators, however, most patients retained their decision-making capacity. Only three patients who lost decision-making capacity before death had their directive activated. A sample of this size lacks the power to detect a real effect. Assessing treatment decisions and associated costs before the loss of decision-making capacity among patients with ...REFERENCE1. Schneiderman LJ, Kronick R, Kaplan RM, Anderson JP, Langer RD. Effects of offering advance directives on medical treatments and costs. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:599-606. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Steven B. Hardin, MD; Lawrence K. Loo, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1993Volume 118, Issue 7 Page: 573-574 Keywords Health care ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 April 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Age and gender-related differences in the congenital long QT syndrome: Findings from the international prospective study
Authors: Emanuela H. Locati, Arthur J. Moss, Peter J. Schwartz, G.Michael Vincent, Michael H. Lehmann, Jennifer L. Robinson, Katherine Timothy, Wojeiech Zareba, Silvia G. Priori, Mark Andrews, Moonseong Heo, W. Jackson Hall
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
ADDRESS ON OPHTHALMOLOGY.
Authors: JULIAN J. CHISOLM
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Presented to American Medical Association, May, 1884, Gentlemen:—Instead of formulating the advances made in ophthalmology, otology and laryngeal surgery for the Section over which I have the honor to preside, I have thought it best to take up as the subject of my address before the Association, the diagnosis and treatment of some of the most common diseases of the eye with which the profession at large cannot become too familiar. Within the last thirty years, the special study of the eye by physicians skilled in the general knowledge of medicine, made ophthalmology the pioneer in the work of specialties, and for many years it held exclusive sway in its isolated position. This conspicuous progress was made when good men in the profession, with a foundation of medical and surgical lore, concentrated all study and observation in working out obscure symptoms which time enabled them to classify, and by which
The limits of individualism are not the limits of rationality
Authors: Susan Hurley
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Individualism fixes the unit of rational agency at the individual, creating problems exemplified in Hi-Lo and Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) games. But instrumental evaluation of consequences does not require a fixed individual unit. Units of agency can overlap, and the question of which unit should operate arises. Assuming a fixed individual unit is hard to justify: It is natural, and can be rational, to act as part of a group rather than as an individual. More attention should be paid to how units of agency are formed and selected: Are the local processes local or nonlocal? Do they presuppose the ability to understand other minds?
Comparative effects of physical training and diet in normalizing serum lipids in men with Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia.
Authors: R M Lampman, J T Santinga, M F Hodge, W D Block, J D Flora, D R Bassett
Journal: Circulation (1977)

The effect of milk physical training (PT) (group A), Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) diet (group B), and PT plus Type IV HLP diet on serum lipids (group C) in 46 men with Type IV HLP was studied. Significant reductions in mean triglyceride (TG) levels from 163, 229, 196, to 136, 145, 116 mg/100 ml serum were found for groups A, B, and C, respectively. Following six weeks of intervention, cholesterol levels also dropped for all groups with the greatest reductions occurring in groups B and C. Minimal weight losses were found for all groups while groups A and C displayed significant reductions in body fatness, but both of these changes appeared independent of lipid reductions. It was concluded that either mild PT or HLP diet or both are effective means of lowering TG levels in Type IV HLP individuals. Furthermore, it appears that patients need to participate regularly in formal programs in order to maintain adherence to these interventions.
Adenocarcinoma of the small bowel as a complication of Crohn's disease
Authors: J. D. Frank, B. A. Shorey
Journal: Gut (1973)

Two cases of adenocarcinoma of the bowel occurring in association with Crohn's disease are described. The first affected the terminal ileum and the second the terminal ileum and caecum. The 28 cases so far described in the world literature are briefly reviewed. It is suggested that adenocarcinoma of the small bowel may be a complication of longstanding Crohn's disease. Eleven patients developed the carcinoma in a surgically bypassed segment of bowel, and it is therefore recommended that where surgery is undertaken excision rather than bypass should be the treatment of choice.
Transgene Expression in Mouse Airway Epithelium by Aerosol Gene Therapy with PEI–DNA Complexes
Authors: Ajay Gautam, Charles L. Densmore, Eva Golunski, Bo Xu, J.Clifford Waldrep
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Gene therapy targeted at the respiratory epithelium holds therapeutic potential for diseases such as cystic fibrosis and α-1 anti-trypsin deficiency. A variety of approaches such as intranasal or intratracheal instillation and aerosol delivery have been utilized to target genes to the airways. Polyethylenimine (PEI), a linear or branched polycationic polymer, has been used for delivery of genes to various organs. In this study, using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled branched PEI, we initially examined the localization of PEI in the lungs after aerosol delivery to Balb/C mice. Further, after aerosol delivery of PEI–CAT DNA, in situ immunostaining for chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) protein was used to localize the transgene expression within the lungs. Immunohistochemistry for CAT, as well as localization of FITC-labeled PEI, revealed that after aerosol delivery, the PEI–DNA complexes deposit and subsequently transfect most of the epithelial cells in the conducting airways (including the peripheral airways). High levels of CAT were detected at 24 h after aerosol exposure and significant CAT expression was detected in the lungs up to 28 days after a single aerosol exposure. The data suggest that aerosol delivery of PEI–DNA complexes could be effective for the treatment of pulmonary diseases such as cystic fibrosis and α-1 anti-trypsin deficiency.
A SIGMOID ASPIRATOR
Authors: William Z. Fradkin
Journal: JAMA (1934)

To facilitate the method of obtaining rectal or sigmoidal contents in patients suffering with intestinal disorders, a sigmoid aspirator has been devised. The instrument is 8 inches long and three-fourths inch in diameter. It is composed of a barrel and an obturator. Both present four openings, each one-sixteenth inch diameter about one inch from the distal end. These openings correspond with each other when the obturator is inserted into the barrel. The obturator consists of a hollow tube, the distal end of which is enlarged in order to fit accurately into the distal end of the barrel. The proximal end of the obturator presents a lock mechanism and also a well ground tip, which is made to fit an ordinary Luer syringe. The openings in the barrel may be opened or closed by rotating the obturator at R. Figure 1 shows the barrel. Figure 2 shows the obturator with lock
1009-46 Does Reinnervation of Cardiac Sympathetic Nerves Occur in Regions Denervated by Catheter Ablation of Accessory Pathways?
Authors: Russell Hillsley, Salvador Borges-Neto, Raymond Vitullo, Michael Hanson, R. Edward Coleman, William Smith, Ruth Ann Greenfield, Robert Sorrentino, Cindy London, J. Marcus Wharton
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
The HtrA1 Promoter Polymorphism, Smoking, and Age-related Macular Degeneration in Multiple Case-control Samples
Authors: Jingsheng Tuo, Robert J. Ross, George F. Reed, Qing Yan, Jie Jin Wang, Christine M. Bojanowski, Emily Y. Chew, Xiao Feng, Timothy W. Olsen, Frederick L. Ferris, Paul Mitchell, Chi-Chao Chan
Journal: Ophthalmology (2008)
Developmental increase of digitalis receptors in guinea pig heart
Authors: J C KHATTER, R J HOESCHEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1982)

The apparent differences of digitalis tolerance in human newborns or young animals and adults may be due to the difference in either, the sensitivity of Na+, K+-ATPase to digitalis, the binding characteristics of the Na+, K+-ATPase receptor sites or the number of receptor sites itself. Sarcolemmal Na+, K+-ATPase enriched membrane preparations from guinea pig hearts of various age groups were investigated for Na+, K+-ATPase activity, the ability of ouabain to inhibit the enzyme and the 3H-ouabain binding characteristics of the receptor sites. There was a continuous developmental increase in Na+, K+-ATPase activity in fetal (45 days fetus, 1.2 μmol Pi·mg−1 protein·h−1) and newborn (2.4 μmol Pi·mg−1 protein·h−1) reaching maturity at the age of 21 to 25 days (9.1 μmol Pi·mg−1 protein·h−1). The ability of digitalis to inhibit the enzyme, however, was same throughout the development with 50% inhibition occurring at 0.1 μmol·litre−1 concentration of ouabain. The sodium stimulated 3H-ouabain binding was saturable and exhibited a single class of receptor sites. The number of digitalis receptor sites increased progressively in fetal (45 days fetus, 2.2 μmol·mg−1 protein) and newborn (9.1 μmol·mg−1 protein) reaching mature levels at the age of 13 to 25 days. The affinity of the Na+, K+-ATPase receptor sites for digitalis (Kd, 8.68 – 9.33 × 10−9 mol·litre−1) remain unchanged during development. The data obtained is consistent with the concept that Na+, K+-ATPase is the receptor site for digitalis and suggests that factors other than the developmental increase in Na+, K+-ATPase may be relevant to explain the age-related differences in digitalis sensitivity.
Observations on the antibody responses in molluscum contagiosum
Authors: P.V. SHIRODARIA, R.S. MATTHEWS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

A survey of the incidence of molluscum contagiosum virion antigens in patients with single or multiple lesions showed that all lesions contain virus antigen. The virion antigens were detected in the prickle cell, granular and keratin layers. Hyperimmune sera against vaccinia, rabbit-pox and mouse-pox failed to stain the inclusion bodies in molluscum contagiosum lesions. Virus-specific antibodies were present in 69% of the patients. Although virus-specific IgG antibody was predominant, virus-specific IgM and virus-specific IgA were found in a few patients. An IgM staining in the prickle cell, granular and keratin layers of normal skin adjoining the molluscum contagiosum lesion was observed. The virus-specific antibody response was induced in a few patients after the treatment.