tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mortality in First 5 Years in Infants With Functional Single Ventricle Born in Texas, 1996 to 2003
Authors: David E. Fixler, Wendy N. Nembhard, Jason L. Salemi, Mary K. Ethen, Mark A. Canfield
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— Infants with functional single ventricle have a high risk of death during the early years of life. Studies have reported improvement in postoperative survival, but they do not include preoperative deaths or those occurring before transfer. The purpose of this population-based study was to estimate 5-year survival in infants with functional single ventricle, to define factors associated with survival, and to estimate improvement in outcome. Methods and Results— Patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, pulmonary atresia intact ventricular septum, single ventricle, and tricuspid atresia born in 1996 to 2003 were identified from the Texas Birth Defects Registry and linked to state and national birth and death vital records. We examined the effects of defect type, birth era, birth weight, gestational age, maternal race/ethnicity, extracardiac anomalies, sex, and maternal age and education on survival. Five-year survival varied by defect type: hypoplastic left heart syndrome, 38.0% (95% confidence interval, 32.6 to 43.5); single ventricle, 56.1% (95% confidence interval, 49.9 to 61.7); pulmonary atresia intact ventricular septum, 55.7% (95% confidence interval, 45.8 to 64.4); and tricuspid atresia, 74.6% (95% confidence interval, 62.4 to 83.4). The presence of extracardiac defects increased the adjusted risk of death by 84%. Non-Hispanic blacks had an adjusted risk of death that was 41% higher than that for non-Hispanic whites, and Hispanics had a 26% higher risk. Patients born in 2001 to 2003 had a 47% lower risk than those born in 1996 to 2000. Conclusions— This population-based study demonstrates significant improvement in overall 5-year survival, particularly in cases of hypoplastic left heart syndrome and single ventricle. Additional studies are needed to determine the factors causing racial/ethnic and regional differences in outcome.
Aplastic Anemia Secondary to Glue Sniffing
Authors: Darleen Powars
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

INHALATION of fumes ("glue sniffing") of various types of hydrocardon (benzene toluene) containing glues has become a popular fad among adolescents, as described by Glaser and Massengale1 and others.2 , 3 The presenting complaint is usually that of an acute encephalitic episode. Previous reports have described no permanent sequelae. Although no hematologic effects have been reported to date, various diseases, including aplastic anemia and acute mylogenous leukemia, have been reported to follow other types of benzene exposure.4 This report describes a group of adolescents in whom acute aplastic anemia developed as an apparent result of glue sniffing.In July, 1963, a thirteen-year-old . . .
THE CONSERVATIVE SURGERY OF THE TUBES AND OVARIES.
Authors: ANDREW STEWART LOBINGIER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

It is twenty years since Schröder first advocated the preservation of the remnant of normal ovarian substance in excision of small cysts of the ovary. August Martin, about the same time, reported a number of cases in which normal portions of the tube and ovary were preserved and the degenerated portion removed. W. M. Polk a year or two later presented the same subject to the American profession and submitted his brilliant results in the conservation of these structures. Since that time contributions have been made to this field of work by Dudley, Kelley, Morris and others, showing definite results in relieving pain, establishing normal menstrual function, and, in a number of instances, being rewarded by seeing the patient bear children. There could be slight excuse for calling attention at this late day to the many ingenious procedures for the partial restitution and preservation of these structures so vital to
Approval of antiobesity drug is "major regression for patients' safety," says health watchdog
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The decision by European regulators to approve an antiobesity drug has been criticised by Prescrire, a Paris based healthcare watchdog, as a backward step for patient safety.

Mysimba, a combination of naltrexone and slow release bupropion, was recommended for authorisation by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) on 19 December. Both of the component parts of Mysimba are already approved for other indications, and it is licensed for use in the United States under the name Contrave.

Prescrire denounced the decision as “a major regression for European patients’ safety,” saying that it was inconsistent with earlier decisions by the EMA to withdraw several appetite suppressants with a similar mechanism of action, including sibutramine (Sibutral) in 2009 and benfluorex (Mediator) in 2010.

“Health authorities should learn from past public health disasters,” Prescrire said in a press release. “A weight loss of a few kilograms achieved through drug therapy cannot in itself justify exposing obese or simply overweight people to a disproportionate risk of adverse drug reactions, especially since the weight lost is very often regained within months of discontinuing treatment.”

Mysimba was developed by a small company …
Lung Cancer with Localized Ground-Glass Attenuation Represents Early-Stage Adenocarcinoma in Nonsmokers
Authors: Nobuhiko Seki, Shigeki Sawada, Masao Nakata, Takeshi Inoue, Rieko Nishimura, Yoshihiko Segawa, Reishi Shibakuki, Kenji Eguchi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)
The Anesthesiologist and the Surgeon: Partners in the Operating Room
Authors: Wayne Callaway
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Two years ago, Dr. Bunker documented what others had suspected: the number of operations in a given population varies directly with the number of general surgeons in that area.<sup>1</sup>By suggesting that the United States had too many surgeons—and, therefore, too many operations—this professor of anesthesia (and who is better qualified to discuss the matter?) set off a debate that is still drawing comment. Such a man deserves an audience. In the present volume, Dr. Bunker extends his concern to include various facets of anesthesia, as well as anesthesiology's relationship to surgery. He develops several themes: Anesthesiology has become a respectable professional and scientific discipline. The anesthesiologist should function as "the internist of the operating room." The surgeon and the anesthesiologist are (or, at least, should be) "partners" in the care of the patient. As background, the author recounts the careers of three pioneers in modern anesthesiology—Ralph Waters, Robert
Abstention From Cigarette Smoking Improves Cerebral Perfusion Among Elderly Chronic Smokers
Authors: Robert L. Rogers
Journal: JAMA (1985)

A cross-sectional study of cerebral blood flow (CBF) levels in 268 neurologically normal volunteers contrasting nonsmokers, smokers who quit, and current cigarette smokers indicated that subjects who quit smoking had significantly higher cerebral perfusion levels than subjects who had continued to smoke but remained lower than subjects without a history of cigarette smoking. All subjects were matched for age and sex, and smoking groups were matched for duration and amount of smoking. A prospective study of 11 subjects who were able to stop smoking in which CBF levels were available both antecedent to and following cessation of the habit indicated that significant gains occurred in cerebral perfusion levels within one year following cessation of smoking. A control group of 22 subjects who continued to smoke (matched for age, sex, duration of smoking, and duration of time between baseline and follow-up) showed no change in CBF values. A correlation between magnitude of CBF change and duration of cessation of cigarette smoking demonstrated a significant linear increase in CBF during the one-year period. These results suggest that elderly individuals who have smoked for three to four decades can benefit substantially by abstaining from cigarette smoking and that significant improvement in cerebral circulation occurs within a relatively short period.
Ibrutinib treatment ameliorates murine chronic graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Jason A. Dubovsky, Ryan Flynn, Jing Du, Bonnie K. Harrington, Yiming Zhong, Benjamin Kaffenberger, Carrie Yang, William H. Towns, Amy Lehman, Amy J. Johnson, Natarajan Muthusamy, Steven M. Devine, Samantha Jaglowski, Jonathan S. Serody, William J. Murphy, David H. Munn, Leo Luznik, Geoffrey R. Hill, Henry K. Wong, Kelli K.P. MacDonald, Ivan Maillard, John Koreth, Laurence Elias, Corey Cutler, Robert J. Soiffer, Joseph H. Antin, Jerome Ritz, Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari, John C. Byrd, Bruce R. Blazar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a life-threatening impediment to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and current therapies do not completely prevent and/or treat cGVHD. CD4+ T cells and B cells mediate cGVHD; therefore, targeting these populations may inhibit cGVHD pathogenesis. Ibrutinib is an FDA-approved irreversible inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and IL-2 inducible T cell kinase (ITK) that targets Th2 cells and B cells and produces durable remissions in B cell malignancies with minimal toxicity. Here, we evaluated whether ibrutinib could reverse established cGVHD in 2 complementary murine models, a model interrogating T cell–driven sclerodermatous cGVHD and an alloantibody-driven multiorgan system cGVHD model that induces bronchiolar obliterans (BO). In the T cell–mediated sclerodermatous cGVHD model, ibrutinib treatment delayed progression, improved survival, and ameliorated clinical and pathological manifestations. In the alloantibody-driven cGVHD model, ibrutinib treatment restored pulmonary function and reduced germinal center reactions and tissue immunoglobulin deposition. Animals lacking BTK and ITK did not develop cGVHD, indicating that these molecules are critical to cGVHD development. Furthermore, ibrutinib treatment reduced activation of T and B cells from patients with active cGVHD. Our data demonstrate that B cells and T cells drive cGVHD and suggest that ibrutinib has potential as a therapeutic agent, warranting consideration for cGVHD clinical trials.
Uroporphyria in the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase-deficient mouse: Interplay with siderosis and polychlorinated biphenyl exposure
Authors: Michael R. Franklin, John D. Phillips, James P. Kushner
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Several methods have been used to develop rodent models with the hepatic manifestations of porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT). Acute iron administration or mutations of the hemochromatosis gene ( Hfe ) have been used to generate hepatic siderosis, a nearly uniform finding in PCT. Heterozygosity for a null mutation at the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase ( Uro-D +/−) locus has been developed to mimic familial PCT in humans. This study examines the interplay of these 2 genetic risk factors and their influence, alone and combined with polychlorinated-biphenyl exposure. Neither an Hfe -null mutation nor iron-dextran administration alone or in combination with polychlorinated biphenyl exposure was porphyrinogenic in a 3-week model using mice wild-type at the Uro-D locus. Homozygosity for an Hfe -null mutation significantly elevated hepatic iron but not to the extent seen with parenteral iron-dextran administration. Homozygosity for an Hfe -null mutation but not iron-dextran administration was porphyrinogenic in animals heterozygous for the Uro-D mutation. Polychlorinated biphenyls were also porphyrinogenic in these animals. Uroporphyria in Uro-D +/− animals was exacerbated by combinations of the homozygous Hfe -null mutation and polychlorinated biphenyls and iron-dextran and polychlorinated biphenyls. In all cases in which uroporphyria developed, a greater degree of experimental uroporphyria was seen in female animals. All elevated hepatic uroporphyrin concentrations were accompanied by depressed uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity and the presence of a factor in cytosol that inhibits recombinant human uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase. In conclusion, the expression of the uroporphyric phenotype, dependent on the susceptibility imparted by a genetic mutation, provides a uniquely facile model for dissecting the molecular pathogenesis of the disease.
Long‐term captorpil effect on plasma lipids in acute myocardial infarction: Possible mechanism of antiatherosclerotical effect of ACE inhibition
Authors: Zorana Vasiljevic, Aneta Boskovic, A. Karadzic, Mina Radovanovic, Nikola Kocev, Tanja Jozic
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
Sex-Specific Prevalence of Adenomas and Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Hemant K. Roy, Laura K. Bianchi
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cardiopulmonary Flow Studies Showing Abnormal Brain Perfusion
Authors: PATRICK THIVOLLE, LUCIEN MATHIEU, SALAH EDDINE BOUYOUCEF, JEAN DAMIDEAUX, MICHEL BERGER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Cardiopulmonary blood flow studies with labeled micro-spheres show intracardiac shunts between the left and right ventricles when lungs and other organs supplied by the systemic circulation are visualized simultaneously. Such a dynamic sequence was used to detect abnormal perfusion of the brain.
Comparative Neurotoxicity Study of Ciprofloxacin and Sparfloxacin after Coadministration with Fenbufen in Rats
Authors: K. Iwamoto, K. Naora, Y. Katagiri, N. Ichikawa, M. Hayashibara, K. Tanaka, T. Yamaguchi, Y. Sekine
Journal: Drugs (1993)
Treatment of Acute Pulmonary Edema: Conventional or Intensive Care?
Authors: PAUL F. GRINER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

The experience of adult patients admitted to a general hospital with the diagnosis of acute pulmonary edema was determined for the year before and the year after the opening of an intensive care unit. Comparisons made included hospital mortality, duration of hospitalization, and total hospital charges. Mortality was identical in both groups (8%) and was consistent with the overall hospital mortality for patients admitted with this diagnosis during the preceding 4 years. The duration of hospitalization was 2.3 days longer, and the average hospital bill was 46% greater for patients admitted during the year after than for those admitted the year before the opening of an intensive care unit. The data suggest that the only significant change in the experience of patients hospitalized with acute pulmonary edema since the opening of a unit has been a marked increase in the cost of rendering care to these patients.
EXPLORING THE INCREMENTAL VALUE OF CRUSADE SCORE AS CLINICAL GUIDANCE FOR THE DECISION-MAKING OF DUAL ANTIPLATELET THERAPY DURATION: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS FROM THE (PROLONGING DUAL ANTIPLATELET TREATMENT AFTER GRADING STENT-INDUCED INTIMAL HYPERPLASIA) PRODIGY TRIAL
Authors: Francesco Costa, Peter Damman, Pascal Vranckx, Sergio Leonardi, Elisabetta Moscarella, Giuseppe Andò, Paolo Calabrò, Giuseppe Oreto, Felix Zijlstra, Marco Valgimigli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Dietary cholesterol and downregulation of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase and cholesterol absorption in African green monkeys.
Authors: L Rudel, C Deckelman, M Wilson, M Scobey, R Anderson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

In this study, hepatic production of bile acid was considered together with intestinal cholesterol absorption as potential regulatory sites responsive to dietary cholesterol. Sequential liver biopsies were taken from 45 feral African green monkeys studied during three different diet periods. Low-fat Monkey Chow was fed during the baseline period, a cholesterol and fat-enriched diet was then fed for 12 wk during period 2, and finally, after a washout period of 10 wk, three subgroups were fed low-, moderate-, and high-cholesterol diets for 12 mo during period 3. The percentage of cholesterol absorbed in the intestine was significantly lower when higher levels of cholesterol were fed; however, this percentage was significantly and positively correlated to plasma cholesterol concentration at each dietary cholesterol level. Hepatic free and esterified cholesterol content were significantly elevated by dietary cholesterol challenge and remained elevated even after 20 wk of low-cholesterol diets. Hepatic mRNA abundance for cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (C7H) was significantly lower (approximately 60%) when the high-cholesterol diet was fed, with the decrease being greater than that seen for low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor mRNA. At the same time, hepatic mRNA abundance for apolipoprotein B and hepatic lipase were not diet sensitive. C7H activity was decreased to a similar extent by diet as was C7H mRNA, although the correlation between enzyme activity and mRNA abundance was only r = 0.5, suggesting that dietary regulation includes factors in addition to transcriptional regulation. Activity and mRNA abundance of C7H remained decreased when liver esterified cholesterol content was reduced to only a two- to three-fold elevation over baseline, at a time when plasma cholesterol and hepatic LDL receptor mRNA abundance had returned to baseline levels. These data on liver C7H, obtained in one of the few primate species predisposed to cholesterol gallstone formation, support the hypothesis that the liver may attempt to downregulate intestinal cholesterol absorption by decreasing bile acid production when increased amounts of absorbed dietary cholesterol reach the liver. Presumably this represents attempted downregulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption by limiting bile acid availability as a means to maintain hepatic cholesterol balance.
<i>n</i>‐Nonanoyl‐CCL14 (NNY‐CCL14), a novel inhibitor of allergic airway inflammation is a partial agonist of human CCR2
Authors: S. Gupta, G. Erdmann, S. Schulz‐Maronde, S. E. Escher, R. Richter, W. G. Forssmann, J. Elsner, U. Forssmann
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Background: Modulation of leukocyte recruitment through blocking of chemokine receptors has been proposed as an attractive therapeutic strategy. We have previously demonstrated that n ‐Nonanoyl‐CC chemokine ligand 14 (NNY‐CCL14), a modified analog of the naturally occurring chemokine CCL14(9‐74) internalizes and desensitizes human CCR3 resulting in the inactivation of eosinophils. However, inhibitory effects of NNY‐CCL14 in murine models of allergic airway inflammation are assigned to its interaction with CCR1 and CCR5. Aim of the study: As CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 have been shown to play important roles in the development of Th2 inflammation, we further evaluated the effects of NNY‐CCL14 treatment on CCL2‐mediated activation of CCR2. Methods: Effects of NNY‐CCL14 treatment were studied on cell lines transfected with human CCR2 and primary leukocytes. Functional effects were assessed by calcium efflux assays, flow cytometry and chemotaxis. Results: Prestimulation with NNY‐CCL14 desensitized CCR2‐mediated responses to further stimulation with its selective ligand CCL2. No significant internalization of CCR2 was observed when the cells were stimulated with NNY‐CCL14, even at concentrations eliciting maximal [Ca 2+ ]i mobilization. Above all, NNY‐CCL14 pretreatment blocked CCL2‐induced chemotaxis of monocytes. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that NNY‐CCL14 is a partial agonist of CCR2, inhibiting responses of monocytes to the CCR2‐selective ligand CCL2. NNY‐CCL14 attenuates CCR2‐mediated responses by rapidly desensitizing the receptor and preventing chemotaxis, although it is able to induce calcium mobilization but does not lead to CCR2 internalization. Hence this study provides further insights into the possible mechanisms of action of NNY‐CCL14, which interacts with multiple chemokine receptors inhibiting the migration and activation of different cell populations involved, thus acting as a potential therapeutic compound to alleviate allergic inflammation.
Analysis of the antigenic composition of liver specific lipoprotein using murine monoclonal antibodies.
Authors: K H Wiedmann, L K Trejdosiewicz, A H Goodall, H C Thomas
Journal: Gut (1985)

Eight monoclonal antibodies have been raised to antigenic determinants within the liver specific lipoprotein complex. Five of these determinants were species and the others non-species specific. No liver specific determinants were identified. Liver specific lipoprotein antigens recognised by the eight monoclonal antibodies were located either on the hepatocyte membrane and/or along the sinusoidal lining wall or in the cytoplasm of liver parenchymal cells. All antibodies but one reacted with the cell membrane of viable human hepatocytes. The molecular weights of four liver specific lipoprotein-determinants were determined by immunoprecipitation. These ranged from 22 000 to 164 000 daltons.
Diplomacy is crucial for successful health aid in fragile states, hears conference
Authors: T. Richards
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Aid agencies seeking to provide health services to people in countries torn by conflict or political instability need to find ways to support local leaders and work collaboratively with civil society organisations, global health experts meeting in Geneva said.

Anne Claxton, an adviser to World Vision International, described how such an approach had helped establish a successful tuberculosis treatment service in war torn Somalia

After two decades of war the infrastructure in Somalia had all but collapsed and there was a massive displacement of people internally and across borders, said Ms Claxton.

“Rates of malnutrition were high and TB [tuberculosis] rates—at 460 per 100 000—among the highest in the world. Medical and nursing schools had deteriorated, doctors and nurses were not being paid, and most health services were being provided by externally funded NGOs [non-governmental organisations]. We were faced with the problem of negotiating with …
Testicular cancer increases in Ontario
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Cervical smears which are mildly to moderately dysplastic are more likely to revert to normal than to progress to cancer, according to a new study (Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1999;91:252-8).Women with findings classed as mildly dysplastic are often referred for immediate colposcopy and biopsy.This latest research may lead to less rigorous follow up tests for women whose cervical smears are only mildly dysplastic.University of Toronto researchers led by Phillipa Holowaty reviewed the records of 17 946 women who were diagnosed with mild, moderate, or severe cervical dysplasia between 1970 and 1980.Progression to
THIN VERSUS THICK STRUT STENT FOR PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION USING BARE METAL STENTS: INSIGHTS FROM THE NHLBI PCI DYNAMIC REGISTRY
Authors: Sripal Bangalore, Faith Selzer, Vankeepuram S. Srinivas, David O. Williams, David P. Faxon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)