tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Arguing, reasoning, and the interpersonal (cultural) functions of human consciousness
Authors: Roy F. Baumeister, E. J. Masicampo, C. Nathan DeWall
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract Our recent work suggests that (1) the purpose of human conscious thought is participation in social and cultural groups, and (2) logical reasoning depends on conscious thought. These mesh well with the argument theory of reasoning. In broader context, the distinctively human traits are adaptations for culture and inner processes serve interpersonal functions.
GPs accept out of hours offer unanimously
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1995)

General practitioners in Britain have unanimously accepted a revised offer from the health secretary to resolve the problem of providing out of hours care (see also p 824). The issue has been at the top of their agenda for the past three years. Members would have been balloted on whether to take sanctions if the offer had been rejected.

The chairman of the General Medical Services Committee, Dr Ian Bogle, will write to all general practitioners emphasising that, although the settlement may have solved the immediate problem, there will now be a much wider debate on other contractual issues, including separating out of hours work from in hours work. The health secretary, Mr Stephen Dorrell, has already recognised the need for further debate. …
NOTES transvaginal video-assisted cholecystectomy: first series
Authors: A. Cardoso Ramos, A. Murakami, M. Galvão Neto, M. Santana Galvão, A. Souza Silva, E. Gonzalo Canseco, Y. Moyses
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Extensive research has been conducted to develop natural-orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) as a new approach to less invasive surgery. Our aim is to present the technique and initial prospective results of a transvaginal video-assisted laparoscopic approach to NOTES cholecystectomy in order to perform minimally invasive surgery without visible scars.From July 2007 to March 2008, 32 women underwent transvaginal video-assisted laparoscopic cholecystectomy using a transvaginal 10-mm 45 degrees rigid bariatric optic through a 12-mm bariatric trocar and two abdominal trocars (2-mm and 5-mm). Data on the history, surgical time, complications, and recovery were recorded prospectively in each case.Mean age was 33 years (range 22 - 47 years); mean body mass index was 29 (range 20 - 42). Mean operative time was 38 minutes (range 18 - 50 minutes). Patients were discharged 6 hours after the procedure without the need for pain medication in the following days and returned to normal working activities within 24 hours of the procedure.Transvaginal video-assisted NOTES cholecystectomy seems to be an efficient and safe approach to minimally invasive surgery, providing patients with a comfortable recovery with virtually no abdominal scars as a bridge to exclusively NOTES procedures.
Mystique, Medical Training, and Clinical Excellence
Authors: Thomas J. Berger
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent COMMENTARY entitled "The Mystique of Medical Training" reflects an attitude about the provision of medical care that I believe is unacceptable to the majority of physicians and surgeons in this country and that should not go unchallenged. The opinion expressed in this essay is that training residents to demand perfection of themselves in the care of their patients puts undue stresses on both the attending staff and the residents and that such a demand for perfection is both unrealistic and counterproductive. It is certainly true that physicians, being human beings, are subject to imperfections and will at times make mistakes. It is also beyond doubt that when such mistakes compromise the well-being or threaten the survival of our patients, the resulting emotional distress for the physician in question can be extremely difficult to deal with and at times, in certain persons, may be ego shattering.
Health dominates Australia's election campaign
Authors: C. Zinn
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Australia's prime minister, Paul Keating, last week unveiled his health policy, offering families Medicare rebates for private health insurance and extra money to cover medical treatment for children. The future of Medicare has emerged as a central issue in the federal election campaign as Labor seeks another term after 13 years in power.

Mr Keating, who goes to the country on 2 March, …
Phase III Prostate Cancer Prevention Trials: Are the Costs Justified?
Authors: Ian M. Thompson, Catherine M. Tangen, Eric A. Klein, Scott M. Lippman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

One randomized, prospective clinical trial for chemoprevention of prostate cancer has been completed, and two additional trials are ongoing. The investment, time, and effort for these trials are substantial. We reviewed the outcomes of these trials to address the value of the investment. The outcomes of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (testing finasteride) and the design of the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT; testing vitamin E and selenium) trial as well as the Reduction by Dutasteride of Prostate Cancer Events (REDUCE) trial (testing dutasteride) were reviewed. From a public health standpoint, there is tremendous potential for benefit from large-scale cancer prevention trials. Because of the volume of data that are collected, potential discoveries related to the biology of the disease are substantial. Translational scientific efforts are direct outgrowths of these studies. Prospective, randomized chemoprevention trials for prostate and other cancers are expensive and require long periods of time to conduct, yet the rewards are on a par with the investment.
THE EFFECT OF HEAT ON FLAGELLAR AND SOMATIC AGGLUTINATION
Authors: Marion L. Orcutt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1924)

1. Heat at 70 degrees C. destroys the form of the flagella and their ability to combine with flagellar agglutinins but it does not destroy their antigenic nature since they can still generate flagellar agglutinins in the animal body. 2. Heat at 70 degrees C. and even at 120 degrees C. in the autoclave does not destroy the forms of the bacilli themselves nor their ability to become agglutinated and to absorb agglutinins. 3. Somatic agglutinins are destroyed to a considerable extent by heat at 70 degrees C. and completely destroyed by heat at 75 degrees C. 4. Heat at 70 degrees C. causes little or no destruction of flagellar agglutinins but a temperature of 75 degrees C. changes the agglutinins so that they react more slowly and produce a slightly lower reaction with a zone of inhibition in the stronger dilutions.
Sharing patient information electronically throughout the NHS
Authors: N. Booth
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Time for all clinicians to get involved 

The UK government's NHS modernisation process is driven by highly visible promises to improve the standards and equity of heath care in the United Kingdom.1 The government hopes that the systematisation of health care can bring about revolutionary and cost effective changes in the ways we deliver care and has promised new electronic systems to enable us to monitor the quality, effectiveness, and equity of health interventions, in more open, evidence based, and person centred ways. In particular, the NHS in England has £2.3bn ($3.75bn; €3.31bn) to spend between now and 2005 on an integrated care record service. At the heart of this service is a health information spine, where patient summary information will be published for use by all NHS staff involved in the care of individuals.2 Yet few clinicians have played any part in planning the spine. Populating it with appropriate and accurate clinical data will not be straightforward.

So what advantages will the information spine bring? Ready access to all information about medical and surgical history, allergies and sensitivities, current medication, and recent investigations would …
Detection of Acute Cholecystitis on Tc-99m RBC Scintiscans for Hemangioma
Authors: SUSAN RACHLIN, SALIL D. SARKAR, CORNELIUS S. McCARTHY, EDDY K. DUNN, ARNOLD M. STRASHUN, ODED GREENBERG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

A 26-year-old black woman with sickle cell trait was found to have gallstones and hyperechoic hepatic lesions, possibly hemangiomas, on ultrasound. Tc-99m RBC imaging showed increased gallbladder activity, probably related to cholecystitis.
Deaths Attributable to Obesity
Authors: David H. Mark
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Transmission of Yellow Fever.
Authors: Carlos J. Finlay
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Havana, Cuba, May 28, 1903. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Dr. James Carroll, U. S. A., in the paper which he published under the above title inThe Journal, May 23, does me the honor of arguing at great length on my statement that the yellow fever Army board of which he was a member had tacitly denied my rights of priority. I was thus referring to many items of the mosquito theory which the said board had presented to the public as so many new discoveries of their own, ignoring the circumstance that although I had not always been in a position to demonstrate my assertions experimentally, I had included those same items in my theory of yellow fever transmission. Dr. Carroll has indeed now changed the tacit denial into an explicit one, without, however, refuting any of the evidence on which my former statement had been founded. (See my paper
Glucose-induced β cell production of IL-1β contributes to glucotoxicity in human pancreatic islets
Authors: Kathrin Maedler, Pavel Sergeev, Frédéric Ris, José Oberholzer, Helen I. Joller-Jemelka, Giatgen A. Spinas, Nurit Kaiser, Philippe A. Halban, Marc Y. Donath
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2017)

In type 2 diabetes, chronic hyperglycemia is suggested to be detrimental to pancreatic beta cells, causing impaired insulin secretion. IL-1beta is a proinflammatory cytokine acting during the autoimmune process of type 1 diabetes. IL-1beta inhibits beta cell function and promotes Fas-triggered apoptosis in part by activating the transcription factor NF-kappaB. Recently, we have shown that increased glucose concentrations also induce Fas expression and beta cell apoptosis in human islets. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that IL-1beta may mediate the deleterious effects of high glucose on human beta cells. In vitro exposure of islets from nondiabetic organ donors to high glucose levels resulted in increased production and release of IL-1beta, followed by NF-kappaB activation, Fas upregulation, DNA fragmentation, and impaired beta cell function. The IL-1 receptor antagonist protected cultured human islets from these deleterious effects. beta cells themselves were identified as the islet cellular source of glucose-induced IL-1beta. In vivo, IL-1beta-producing beta cells were observed in pancreatic sections of type 2 diabetic patients but not in nondiabetic control subjects. Similarly, IL-1beta was induced in beta cells of the gerbil Psammomys obesus during development of diabetes. Treatment of the animals with phlorizin normalized plasma glucose and prevented beta cell expression of IL-1beta. These findings implicate an inflammatory process in the pathogenesis of glucotoxicity in type 2 diabetes and identify the IL-1beta/NF-kappaB pathway as a target to preserve beta cell mass and function in this condition.
The Surgical Management of Vascular Diseases
Authors: Theodore B. Massell
Journal: JAMA (1971)

In 1969 a symposium on vascular diseases was held at Montefiore Hospital in New York under the direction of Dr. Haimovici, with the collaboration of a number of prestigious colleagues. Several of the original presentations were printed in their original lecture format. With so many eminent contributors working together, an outstanding volume should have been produced. The result is disappointing. An adequate presentation of recent progress in the expanding field of vascular surgery in only 250 pages of text requires clear objective synoptic writing, as well as a balanced selection of subjects. Several contributors met these requirements, notably in chapters on angiospastic vascular disorders, diseases of thoracic aorta [sic], aneurysms of the lower extremity, surgical management of cerebral-vascular insufficiency. A few chapters were so compressed as to be of negligible value. Unfortunately, some authors devoted their chapters to rather prejudiced presentations of personal hypotheses or techniques, while ignoring opposing and
Pharmacogenetic profile of xenobiotic enzyme metabolism in survivors of the Spanish toxic oil syndrome.
Authors: M G Ladona, M Izquierdo-Martinez, M P Posada de la Paz, R de la Torre, C Ampurdanés, J Segura, E J Sanz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

In 1981, the Spanish toxic oil syndrome (TOS) affected more than 20,000 people, and over 300 deaths were registered. Assessment of genetic polymorphisms on xenobiotic metabolism would indicate the potential metabolic capacity of the victims at the time of the disaster. Thus, impaired metabolic pathways may have contributed to the clearance of the toxicant(s) leading to a low detoxification or accumulation of toxic metabolites contributing to the disease. We conducted a matched case-control study using 72 cases (54 females, 18 males) registered in the Official Census of Affected Patients maintained by the Spanish government. Controls were nonaffected siblings (n =72) living in the same household in 1981 and nonaffected nonrelatives (n = 70) living in the neighborhood at that time, with no ties to TOS. Genotype analyses were performed to assess the metabolic capacity of phase I [cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), CYP2D6] and phase II [arylamine N-acetyltransferase-2 (NAT2), GSTM1 (glutathione S-transferase M1) and GSTT1] enzyme polymorphisms. The degree of association of the five metabolic pathways was estimated by calculating their odds ratios (ORs) using conditional logistic regression analysis. In the final model, cases compared with siblings (72 pairs) showed no differences either in CYP2D6 or CYP1A1 polymorphisms, or in conjugation enzyme polymorphisms, whereas cases compared with the unrelated controls (70 pairs) showed an increase in NAT2 defective alleles [OR = 6.96, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.46-33.20] adjusted by age and sex. Glutathione transferase genetic polymorphisms (GSTM1, GSTT1) showed no association with cases compared with their siblings or unrelated controls. These findings suggest a possible role of impaired acetylation mediating susceptibility in TOS.
Asthma: guided self management
Authors: M R Partridge
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Asthma is common in western Europe, and in Britain nearly three million people have the condition.1 Most medical management is provided within primary care, and guidelines are now available for its management.2,3 Although some doctors are sceptical of their value, evidence shows that if guidelines are adapted for local use they can improve some outcome measures.4,5 At the very least they are useful for educating patients and health professionals and provide a “common language” for discussing the condition.

Nearly all of these guidelines mention the value of partnerships between the patient (or parent) and health professional and extol the virtues of written advice to patients and the use of (guided) self management plans. What is meant by such terms, what is the justification for their use, how do we issue advice and plans, and do they work?

All patients with asthma deserve both oral and written advice about signs that their asthma may be worsening and what to do. For example, patients should be advised that waking at night with asthma, or using more doses of bronchodilators, implies poor control of their condition, and this advice can be given on simple information cards on which details of regular treatment may also be written. This may be all that some people require. (Such cards are available free from the National Asthma Campaign, Providence Place, London N1 0NT.)

Other patients may require written advice about specific short term changes in treatment, and supplementing oral advice with written instructions about a series of changes in treatment greatly increases compliance.6 For other people, taking control of their own asthma (or the asthma of their child) requires a more detailed self management plan. …
Early Discharge of the Postsurgical Patient
Authors: J. W. Jervey
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To the Editor:—  Dr. Ficarra's points are well taken (206:1574, 1968), but he gives no place to those of us who perform surgery on patients who do not require studies or serum proteins, electrolytes, the presence or absence of hypoproteinemia, etc. Many generally well patients have elective surgery, or even emergency surgery, in which hospitalization is not at all necessary. This is particularly true in the field of ophthalmology where considerable attention is being given to this matter, with the resultant lifting of many restraints and the changing of modalities to the immense advantage of the patient financially and otherwise.  In any case, if the surgeon has the proper rapport with the patient and his family, conducts himself with decorum, and renders the best service that is in him to give, he will not be negligent. Under such conditions, even in the unlikely event of catastrophe, there is little
CLINICAL TESTS OF THE OVARIAN FOLLICULAR HORMONE
Authors: J. P. PRATT
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The frequent complaints of disturbed menstruation brought to the clinician serve as a constant stimulus to him to seek the fundamental cause for these disturbances. In order to evaluate properly the disturbances of menstruation, one must first explain the normal periodic changes that occur in the genital organs. Up to the present time, explanations of these changes have lacked an extensive foundation of an experimental nature. There are, however, many observers keenly interested in the subject in both the laboratory and the clinic. From these sources valuable contributions are frequently appearing which bring nearer the final solution of the problem.  That the normal menstrual cycle is largely dependent on ovarian function is well established. The ovary cannot be considered alone, however, for evidences of interrelation of the ductless glands are ever present. The improved understanding of one gland aids the interpretation of the functions of others. The vastness of the
Real-time in situ three-dimensional integral videography and surgical navigation using augmented reality: a pilot study
Authors: Hideyuki Suenaga, Huy Hoang Tran, Hongen Liao, Ken Masamune, Takeyoshi Dohi, Kazuto Hoshi, Yoshiyuki Mori, Tsuyoshi Takato
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2013)

To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of a three-dimensional augmented reality system incorporating integral videography for imaging oral and maxillofacial regions, based on preoperative computed tomography data. Three-dimensional surface models of the jawbones, based on the computed tomography data, were used to create the integral videography images of a subject's maxillofacial area. The three-dimensional augmented reality system (integral videography display, computed tomography, a position tracker and a computer) was used to generate a three-dimensional overlay that was projected on the surgical site via a half-silvered mirror. Thereafter, a feasibility study was performed on a volunteer. The accuracy of this system was verified on a solid model while simulating bone resection. Positional registration was attained by identifying and tracking the patient/surgical instrument's position. Thus, integral videography images of jawbones, teeth and the surgical tool were superimposed in the correct position. Stereoscopic images viewed from various angles were accurately displayed. Change in the viewing angle did not negatively affect the surgeon's ability to simultaneously observe the three-dimensional images and the patient, without special glasses. The difference in three-dimensional position of each measuring point on the solid model and augmented reality navigation was almost negligible (<1 mm); this indicates that the system was highly accurate. This augmented reality system was highly accurate and effective for surgical navigation and for overlaying a three-dimensional computed tomography image on a patient's surgical area, enabling the surgeon to understand the positional relationship between the preoperative image and the actual surgical site, with the naked eye.
Single application of a fluorescent test cream by healthy volunteers: assessment of treated and neglected body sites
Authors: E. Ulff, M. Maroti, Å. Kettis-Lindblad, K.I. Kjellgren, J. Ahlner, L. Ring, J. Serup
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Management of dermatological self-treatment is demanding. Imperfect application of creams and ointments and poor adherence to topical treatment are common, resulting in unsatisfactory treatment outcome.To assess the technique and precision of test subjects' self-application of a test cream. Treated and neglected skin sites were measured after intended widespread single application of a fluorescent test cream.Twenty healthy volunteers (10 women, 10 men) were included. They were asked to treat their whole skin surface with the fluorescent test cream, except the head and neck and skin covered by underwear. Treated and untreated sites were subsequently measured under Wood's ultraviolet radiation.Thirty-one per cent of the skin surface that was a target for application did not show any fluorescence and thus was assumed to have been untreated. Typical neglected sites included the central back, the upper breast, the axilla with surrounding skin, the legs and the feet, particularly the sole. The posterior aspect of both trunk and extremities, not easily inspected, was more often neglected. In the treated sites the fluorescence was typically uneven.Qualified and motivated persons with no obvious physical limitations practised imperfect self-application of a test cream mimicking a therapeutic cream product. As much as 31% of the skin surface was neglected. Sites especially prone to nonapplication were identified. This might imply that dermatological patients on long-term self-treatment may practise local application very poorly, a problem of major therapeutic and economic importance. A fluorescent test cream can be used for research, and as an educational tool in the training of dermatological patients on how to apply local treatment.