tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An attempt to evaluate the relative clinical potencies of various diluted and undiluted proprietary corticosteroid preparations
Authors: J.R. GIBSON, J. KIRSCH, C.R. DARLEY, C.A. BURKE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Two series of tests have been performed in order to assess the vasoconstrictor potency of several diluted and undiluted proprietary corticosteroid preparations. Results showed that differences in concentration of a particular corticosteroid were not always reflected as significant differences in vasoconstrictor potency. A previous finding that Eumovate ointment exhibits early vasoconstrictor activity similar to that of Betnovate ointment was confirmed. The extemporaneous dilution of proprietary corticosteroid preparations remains a widespread but controversial habit. In addition, several proprietary products are represented by a range of dilutions of the same corticosteroid with each concentration targeted at a different segment of the market place. Recent work by our group has revealed some interesting results concerning the vasoconstrictor potency of both diluted and undiluted preparations (Gibson et al., 1982). The aim of this study was to extend the investigation to cover a number of widely used preparations.
Following celebrities' medical advice: meta-narrative analysis
Authors: S. J. Hoffman, C. Tan
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Objective</b> To synthesise what is known about how celebrities influence people's decisions on health. <b>Design</b> Meta-narrative analysis of economics, marketing, psychology, and sociology literatures. <b>Data sources</b> Systematic searches of electronic databases: BusinessSource Complete (1886-), Communication &amp; Mass Media Complete (1915-), Humanities Abstracts (1984-), ProQuest Political Science (1985-), PsycINFO (1806-), PubMed (1966-), and Sociology Abstracts (1952-). <b>Inclusion criteria</b> Studies discussing mechanisms of celebrities' influence on people in any context. <b>Results</b> Economics literature shows that celebrity endorsements act as signals of credibility that differentiate products or ideas from competitors and can catalyse herd behaviour. Marketing studies show that celebrities transfer their desirable attributes to products and use their success to boost their perceived credibility. Psychology shows that people are classically conditioned to react positively to the advice of celebrities, experience cognitive dissonance if they do not, and are influenced by congruencies with their self conceptions. Sociology helps explain the spread of celebrity medical advice as a contagion that diffuses through social networks and people's desire to acquire celebrities' social capital. <b>Conclusions</b> The influence of celebrity status is a deeply rooted process that can be harnessed for good or abused for harm. A better understanding of celebrity can empower health professionals to take this phenomenon seriously and use patient encounters to educate the public about sources of health information and their trustworthiness. Public health authorities can use these insights to implement regulations and restrictions on celebrity endorsements and design counter marketing initiatives—perhaps even partnering with celebrities—to discredit bogus medical advice while promoting evidence based practices.
Author fee: not a great idea
Authors: Vishal Sharma, Rashmi Sharma
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2010)

I cannot but disagree with the view that more and more authors would want to publish their research in open-access journals which may charge a fee from the authors.1 This statement is a loose generalization and many researchers/authors, especially those from the developing world, would not prefer such a journal. The main reason is because such authors do not receive any financial support from their institutions for publication of research. Often the publication fee is forced onto the junior students/residents who are at the beginning of their career and need all these publications to further their chances of an academic position. For them, journals with author charges are not a great idea. One suggestion I have for such journals is that they ask to request a statement disclosing where the funding has come from.
Mouse and human neutrophils induce anaphylaxis
Authors: Friederike Jönsson, David A. Mancardi, Yoshihiro Kita, Hajime Karasuyama, Bruno Iannascoli, Nico Van Rooijen, Takao Shimizu, Marc Daëron, Pierre Bruhns
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening hyperacute immediate hypersensitivity reaction. Classically, it depends on IgE, FcεRI, mast cells, and histamine. However, anaphylaxis can also be induced by IgG antibodies, and an IgG1-induced passive type of systemic anaphylaxis has been reported to depend on basophils. In addition, it was found that neither mast cells nor basophils were required in mouse models of active systemic anaphylaxis. Therefore, we investigated what antibodies, receptors, and cells are involved in active systemic anaphylaxis in mice. We found that IgG antibodies, FcγRIIIA and FcγRIV, platelet-activating factor, neutrophils, and, to a lesser extent, basophils were involved. Neutrophil activation could be monitored in vivo during anaphylaxis. Neutrophil depletion inhibited active, and also passive, systemic anaphylaxis. Importantly, mouse and human neutrophils each restored anaphylaxis in anaphylaxis-resistant mice, demonstrating that neutrophils are sufficient to induce anaphylaxis in mice and suggesting that neutrophils can contribute to anaphylaxis in humans. Our results therefore reveal an unexpected role for IgG, IgG receptors, and neutrophils in anaphylaxis in mice. These molecules and cells could be potential new targets for the development of anaphylaxis therapeutics if the same mechanism is responsible for anaphylaxis in humans.
SARCOMA OF THE INTESTINES, WITH TABLE OF FIFTEEN CASES OF RESECTION.
Authors: C. VAN ZWALENBURG
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Very little has been written on sarcoma of the intestines and many errors have crept into its consideration. Conclusions have been drawn from its supposed analogy to carcinoma of the intestines which the facts do not warrant. Prominent among these errors are: the accepted opinions as to the most common locations of the tumor, the early involvement of neighboring organs and the liability to produce obstruction. Few of our text-books on surgery refer to the subject. The "International Text-Book of Surgery" (1900) says: "It may occur in any portion of the intestine—the cecum seems to be a favorite spot and several resections of this portion have been successfully performed for sarcoma."<sup>1</sup> The "American Text-book of Surgery"<sup>2</sup>says that as sarcoma of the intestines usually gives rise to symptoms of obstruction, and consequently comes under surgical treatment usually after extensive infiltration, it is questionable if it is prudent to
Single nucleotide polymorphisms and risk of recurrence of renal-cell carcinoma: a cohort study
Authors: Fabio AB Schutz, Mark M Pomerantz, Kathryn P Gray, Michael B Atkins, Jonathan E Rosenberg, Michelle S Hirsch, David F McDermott, Megan E Lampron, Gwo-Shu Mary Lee, Sabina Signoretti, Philip W Kantoff, Matthew L Freedman, Toni K Choueiri
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2012)
Ube3a reinstatement identifies distinct developmental windows in a murine Angelman syndrome model
Authors: Sara Silva-Santos, Geeske M. van Woerden, Caroline F. Bruinsma, Edwin Mientjes, Mehrnoush Aghadavoud Jolfaei, Ben Distel, Steven A. Kushner, Ype Elgersma
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Angelman syndrome (AS) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder that results from loss of function of the maternal ubiquitin protein ligase E3A (UBE3A) allele. Due to neuron-specific imprinting, the paternal UBE3A copy is silenced. Previous studies in murine models have demonstrated that strategies to activate the paternal Ube3a allele are feasible; however, a recent study showed that pharmacological Ube3a gene reactivation in adulthood failed to rescue the majority of neurocognitive phenotypes in a murine AS model. Here, we performed a systematic study to investigate the possibility that neurocognitive rescue can be achieved by reinstating Ube3a during earlier neurodevelopmental windows. We developed an AS model that allows for temporally controlled Cre-dependent induction of the maternal Ube3a allele and determined that there are distinct neurodevelopmental windows during which Ube3a restoration can rescue AS-relevant phenotypes. Motor deficits were rescued by Ube3a reinstatement in adolescent mice, whereas anxiety, repetitive behavior, and epilepsy were only rescued when Ube3a was reinstated during early development. In contrast, hippocampal synaptic plasticity could be restored at any age. Together, these findings suggest that Ube3a reinstatement early in development may be necessary to prevent or rescue most AS-associated phenotypes and should be considered in future clinical trial design.
Over the Counter Drugs: The future for self medication
Authors: C. Bradley, A. Blenkinsopp
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The increasing trend towards deregulation of more medicines to over the counter status has implications for the primary health care team as well as for consumers and patients. Better information for patients could improve the safety of over the counter medicines, but better systems need to be devised for reporting adverse reactions. "Collaborative care" could bring financial benefits. Doctors, nurses, and pharmacists need to discuss how they will respond to self medication practices, and ways of rewarding pharmacists for advising patients need to be found. Improved communication between doctors and pharmacists and the involvement of nurses could bring health care professionals into a new and more constructive interaction with each other and with the patient--or the changes required could split the professions as they each try to keep control of medicines.
Driven to a Fiery Death — The Tragedy of Self-Immolation in Afghanistan
Authors: Anita Raj, Charlemagne Gomez, Jay G. Silverman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Anita Raj, Charlemagne Gomez, and Jay Silverman write that there is increasing recognition of tragedy among Afghan girls and women: self-immolation. The predominant causes or precipitating events of self-immolation identified by survivors or contacts were various forms of oppression of or violence against women.
Global Public Health Security
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sickle Cell Trait with Episodic Acute Renal Failure and Type IV Renal Tubular Acidosis
Authors: STEVEN J. ROSANSKY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1980Sickle Cell Trait with Episodic Acute Renal Failure and Type IV Renal Tubular AcidosisSTEVEN J. ROSANSKY, M.D., MARK KENNEDY, M.D.STEVEN J. ROSANSKY, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MARK KENNEDY, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-93-4-643_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Sickle cell anemia is associated with tubulointerstitial renal dysfunction, which results in abnormal water conservation in patients with sickle cell disease (SS) and sickle cell trait (SA), and incomplete distal renal tubular acidosis (1) and impaired renal tubular potassium secretion (2) in SS patients. Normal renal acidification has been reported in SA patients (3). To our knowledge, type IV renal tubular acidosis has not been reported in association with sickle cell anemia. We describe a patient with sickle cell trait and type IV renal tubular acidosis secondary to interstitial renal disease who presented with recurrent episodes of...References1. KONGALLEYNE HG. Studies on acid excretion in adults with sickle-cell anemia. Clin Sci. 1971;41:505-18. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. DEFRONZOTAUFIELDBLACKMCPHEDRANCOOKE RPHPC. Impaired renal tubular potassium secretion in sickle cell disease. Ann Intern Med. 1979;90:310-6. LinkGoogle Scholar3. OSTERLEELESPIERPELLEGRINIVAAMONDE JSLEC. Renal acidification in sickle cell trait. Arch Intern Med. 1976;136:30-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. STATIUS VAN EPPSPINEDO-VEELSVRIES LCG. Nature of the concentrating defect in sickle-cell nephropathy: microradioangiographic studies. Lancet. 1970;1:450-2. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Wm. Jennings Bryan Dorn Veterans Administration Hospital Columbia, SC 29201 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byRenal Disorders in Sickle HemoglobinemiaTherapy of Renal Disorders in Sickle HemoglobinemiaHyperkalemic hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis in sickle cell hemoglobinopathies 1 October 1980Volume 93, Issue 4Page: 643-643KeywordsAcute renal failureAnemiaPotassiumRenal diseasesSickle cell disease Issue Published: 1 October 1980 PDF downloadLoading ...
Integrin αvβ6 is a marker of the progression of biliary and portal liver fibrosis and a novel target for antifibrotic therapies
Authors: Yury Popov, Eleonora Patsenker, Felix Stickel, Jessica Zaks, K. Ramakrishnan Bhaskar, Gerald Niedobitek, Armin Kolb, Helmut Friess, Detlef Schuppan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Cross-presentation of tumor antigens by bone marrow–derived antigen-presenting cells is the dominant mechanism in the induction of T-cell tolerance during B-cell lymphoma progression
Authors: Eduardo M. Sotomayor, Ivan Borrello, Frédérique-Marie Rattis, Alex G. Cuenca, Jacob Abrams, Kevin Staveley-O'Carroll, Hyam I. Levitsky
Journal: Blood (2001)
PWE-117 Have Perianal Surgery Rates Decreased With The Rise In Thiopurine Use In Crohn’s Disease?
Authors: V Chhaya, S Saxena, E Cecil, V Subramanian, V Curcin, A Majeed, R Pollok
Journal: Gut (2014)

Introduction Although thiopurines (TPs) have proven efficacy in the maintenance of remission in Crohn’s disease (CD) and may reduce the need for intestinal surgery, their impact on perianal disease is not firmly established since previous trials have not evaluated the efficacy of TPs on perianal disease as a primary endpoint. Our aim was to examine the temporal trends in perianal surgery and TP use using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). Methods Using electronic primary care records, we performed a UK population based study. Incident cases of CD were identified between 1995 and 2009 from the nationally representative CPRD which contains clinical records and prescribing data for 13 million people in the UK and is a validated research database. Patients were included if they had been registered with a practice for greater than 12 months. The primary endpoint was first perianal surgery defined by READ/OXMIS coding. The cohort was divided into two defined historical era; era 1 (1995–2002) and era 2 (2003–2009). We performed Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to establish the 5 year rates of first perianal surgery and trends in TP prescribing by era of diagnosis. Log-rank test for trend was used to compare survival outcomes between groups. Results 5235 patients met the diagnostic criteria for an incident case of CD. 2083 were diagnosed in era 1 (1995–2002) and 3152 in era 2 (2003–2009). The mean duration of follow up was 4.8 years/person. 56.3% of patients were female and median age at diagnosis was 38.5 years (IQR: 24.8–58.1 years). 124 patients underwent perianal surgery. The overall 5 year rate of perianal surgery was 2.2% (95% CI: 1.8–2.7%). Stratified by era of diagnosis the rate was lower in the more recent era: 2.7% (95% CI: 2.1–3.6%) and 1.7% (95% CI: 1.2–2.3%) in era 1 and era 2 respectively (log-rank test for trend p = 0.03). Conversely, during the same period, the 5 year cumulative probability of receiving a TP increased between era 1 and era 2 from 29.1% to 42.2% (log-rank test for trend p < 0.001). ![Abstract PWE-117 Figure 1][1]</img> Abstract PWE-117 Figure 1 Conclusion Over the 15 year study period, the risk of perianal surgery fell by one third which coincided with a one third increase in TP use during the same period. Other changes in IBD management are also likely to have contributed to this fall in surgery. Further studies to determine independent risk factors associated with perianal surgery are in progress. Disclosure of Interest None Declared. [1]: pending:yes
Out of the Shadows: Confronting America's Mental Illness Crisis
Authors: Carl C. Bell
Journal: JAMA (1997)

This easy-to-read book offers relevant solutions for the problems associated with severe mental illness. The illnesses so defined—schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, manic depressive disorder, autism, major depression, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder—affect 2.8% of the US adult population. Because the morbidity caused by these brain diseases, except autism, can be alleviated with appropriate medication, rehabilitation, and supportive therapy, Dr Torrey asserts that society could intervene but, for economic, legal, and ideologic reasons, does not. Estimates are that 28% to 37% of the homeless population are severely and persistently mentally ill. These patients are eight times more likely to use garbage cans as their primary food sources, and three times more likely to have been victimized than the nonmentally ill homeless. Clearly, this population is suffering. Before deinstitutionalization, arrest rates for the mentally ill were not higher than the general public. Currently, that pattern has reversed owing to practices that allow for
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacology of terbinafine and itraconazole
Authors: James Leyden
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1998)

Background: Two new systemic antifungal agents, terbinafine and itraconazole, have expanded the choices for treatment of onychomycosis. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacologic properties provide the basis of their activity and are related to their efficacy and safety in dermatophyte infections. Objective: We describe the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacology of terbinafine and itraconazole and the features that form a framework for comparing their efficacy. Pharmacodynamics: Both terbinafine and itraconazole ultimately block ergosterol synthesis; terbinafine disrupts fungal cell wall synthesis earlier (squalene to squalene epoxide) than does itraconazole (lanosterol to ergosterol). In vitro, terbinafine exposure results in a toxic accumulation of squalene and decreased production of ergosterol. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of terbinafine for dermatophytes are essentially equal to minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFCs). However, the MFCs of itraconazole are much higher than the MICs. Pharmacologic Profile: Both itraconazole and terbinafine penetrate keratinizing tissue; levels reached in nail plate exceed those in plasma. Therapeutic levels of the itraconazole persist in nails for up to 6 months after discontinuation of 3 months of therapy (200 mg/day) and during various pulsed cycles. After discontinuation of 1 month of therapy, terbinafine persists at therapeutic levels in the nail. Itraconazole has an affinity for mammalian cytochrome P-450 enzymes as well as for fungal P-450–dependent enzyme, and thus has the potential for clinically important interactions (e.g., astemizole, terfenadine, rifampin, oral contraceptives, H2 receptor antagonists, warfarin, cyclosporine). Terbinafine is not metabolized through this system and has little potential for drug-drug interactions. Conclusion: The low MFCs exhibited by terbinafine for dermatophytes may be important in its clinical efficacy and low relapse rates. The safety profile of terbinafine directly reflects its mechanism of action. (J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;38:S42-7.)
A memorable patient: When all else fails examine the patient
Authors: C. J Wright
Journal: BMJ (1997)

It was an extremely busy receiving night on the surgical service, which in retrospect is my only inadequate excuse for what occurred. As the senior registrar, I was coping with most of the 15 or 16 emergencies admitted through the night, including patients with perforated ulcers, acute appendicitis, ischiorectal abscess, blunt abdominal trauma, upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage, acute pancreatitis, and acute urinary retention. In between cases in the operating theatre I examined …
All women with abnormal genital tract bleeding should have gynaecological examination
Authors: K. J Chin
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Editor—Everett is concerned that “many thousands of women who miscarry may be excluded from important health planning processes,” and he attempts to quantify and monitor miscarriage rates.1 He may be setting a wrong precedent by relying on ultrasonography and ignoring the value of a gynaecological examination.

All women with abnormal …
Fatal Aplastic Anemia
Authors: F. T. Fraunfelder
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Two cases of fatal aplastic anemia following the use of topical ocular chloramphenicol have been recently reported.<sup>1,2</sup>Regardless of dosage, systemic chloramphenicol can cause an idiosyncratic, usually fatal, hemopoietic event, with an incidence rate of one in 30,000 to 50,000 patients. This incidence is 13 times greater than the risk of idiopathic aplastic anemia in the population as a whole (1969;208:2045). To confirm a definite cause-and-effect relationship between ophthalmic chloramphenicol and aplastic anemia would require 1.5 million patient observations.<sup>3</sup>Nevertheless, a basic premise of clinical toxicology is that if there is sufficient suspicion and the adverse response is a major one, the suspected adverse drug reaction must be weighed as a side effect in therapeutic decision making until there is proof to the contrary. Therefore, we suggest the following: (1) Physicians should specifically question patients with aplastic anemia or marrow hypoplasia about their prior use
Practice policies: where do they come from?
Authors: D. M. Eddy
Journal: JAMA (1990)

RECENT changes in the methods used to create practice policies have the potential to affect the quality and cost of medical care more profoundly than all the new treatments of the past or next decade. This potential comes from the fact that changes in methods for designing policies can be expected to change the content of policies, which in turn will guide hundreds of thousands of decisions about all interventions (preventive and diagnostic, as well as treatment), for decades to come. The changes currently under way in methods for designing practice policies represent a change in the intellectual basis of medicine. The purpose of a practice policy is to anticipate and simplify decisions that would otherwise have to be made on a one-by-one basis by individual physicians and their patients.<sup>1</sup>Thus, the tasks involved in the design of a policy correspond to the two steps used by individuals for