tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dysfunctional Regulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) Expression in Response to Exercise in Mice Lacking One eNOS Gene
Authors: Georg Kojda, Yian C. Cheng, Jana Burchfield, David G. Harrison
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Previous data suggest that 1 endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) gene is sufficient to allow normal expression and function of eNOS under basal conditions. We hypothesized that this might not hold true for conditions known to increase eNOS gene expression, such as exercise.Male mice heterozygous for a disruption of the eNOS gene (eNOS(+/)(-)) and normal C56Bl/6J mice (eNOS(+/+)), 3 to 4 months of age, underwent exercise training for 3 weeks. Nontrained mice were exposed to the exercise environment (noise and vibration of the treadmill) without exercise for an identical period. In eNOS(+/+) mice (n=7), exercise increased aortic eNOS protein expression by 3.4+/-0.4-fold (P<0.002). This was associated with a greater vascular cGMP accumulation on stimulation with acetylcholine (P<0.05). Furthermore, exercise training increased eNOS mRNA (1.78+/-0.4-fold) and protein (1.76+/-0.17-fold) in left ventricular tissue, as determined by competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western analysis (P<0.05 for both). In striking contrast, exercise had no effect on aortic eNOS expression and cGMP accumulation in eNOS(+/)(-) mice (P>0.05). Thus, although eNOS expression appears to be normal in eNOS(+/)(-) mice under basal conditions, these mice are unable to increase eNOS expression during exercise.These findings show that regulation of eNOS expression during exercise requires the presence of both alleles of the gene and may have implications for conditions in which polymorphisms of eNOS are present in only 1 allele in humans. These individuals may have a normal vascular reactivity under basal conditions but may be unable to adapt their vascular reactivity in response to exercise training.
Percutaneous Sealing of a Coronary Aneurysm
Authors: Philip Urban, Marek Bednarkiewicz, Ivan Bruschweiler, Antoine Frangos
Journal: Circulation (1999)

A 48-year-old male saxophone player underwent success- ful PTCA to the left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) in 1992.At the time, a small aneurysm was noted before PTCA, just below the target stenosis.The patient stopped smoking and was treated for hypercholesterolemia and high blood pressure.In 1997, he developed recurrent grade II angina, and a bicycle stress test was positive.Repeat catheterization showed a tight restenotic lesion of the LCx proximal to the aneurysm, which had enlarged significantly, as well as a new lesion more distally (Figure 1).Repeat PTCA was done with a 3.0ϫ30-mm balloon through a 10F left Amplatz guiding catheter with a good result (Figure 2).A 20-mm segment of saphenous vein was then harvested from the left leg and sutured onto the external aspect of a 25-mm-long slotted-tube stainless steel stent (Bestent, Medtronic-Instent) with 4 separate 7-0 prolene stitches at each extremity.The stent was crimped onto the previously used balloon and advanced into the LCx to cover both lesions and the aneurysm (Figure 3).The stent and vein were expanded at a maximal pressure of 14 bar, and the final angiographic result was satisfactory, with no residual stenosis and complete sealing off of the aneurysm (Figure 4).The patient had an uneventful in-hospital course and was discharged on ticlopidine and aspirin.Six weeks later, he remained asymptomatic, and the stress test had become negative.
A Missense Mutation in the CHRM2 Gene Is Associated With Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lin Zhang, Aihua Hu, Haixin Yuan, Liang Cui, Guobin Miao, Xinchun Yang, Lefeng Wang, Jinchun Liu, Xiulan Liu, Shuyan Wang, Zhiyong Zhang, Lisheng Liu, Rongrui Zhao, Yan Shen
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

Circulating autoantibodies against the M2-muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRM2) have been detected in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, it has yet to be determined whether the pathogenesis of familial DCM may be linked to the genetic variability of the CHRM2 gene. The coding regions of the CHRM2 gene were examined by direct DNA sequencing. Plasma concentrations of autoantibodies against CHRM2 were determined by ELISA in 7 unrelated DCM families. Linkage analysis demonstrated cosegregation of the microsatellite markers, D7S509 and D7S495 that flank the CHRM2 gene, with the familial form of DCM. A novel missense mutation (C722G) replacing cysteine with tryptophane (Cys176Trp) was identified in the CHRM2 gene in all affected members but was absent in unaffected members. Additionally, 139 sporadic DCM patients and 450 normal volunteers were screened for the same mutation, but none were identified. Among the 12 affected members with familial DCM, 5 patients had died suddenly and 7 experienced ventricular arrhythmia, atrioventricular conduction block, and heart failure. All mutation carriers were positive for autoantibodies against CHRM2. Survival analysis disclosed that prognosis in patients who were mutation carriers with familial DCM was poorer than that seen in patients who were noncarriers with sporadic DCM ((P<0.05). We have identified a novel missense mutation (C722G) in the CHRM2 gene associated with familial DCM. We also show that this variant correlates with the presence of autoantibodies against CHRM2. Patients with C722G mutation have more progressive disease, characterized by sudden death, arrhythmia, and heart failure.
Report urges widespread reform of handling of NHS data
Authors: D. Carnall
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Personal health data flow freely from clinical to administrative settings in the NHS, and action is required to ensure confidentiality, says an independent review group chaired by Dame Fiona Caldicott.

Dame Fiona, principal of Somerville College, Oxford, and a past president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, was asked to lead the review after the BMA advised doctors not to cooperate in the development of the NHS “net” two years ago. This followed concerns about the …
Alcoholic Liver Disease and the Immune System
Authors: Joseph Wybran
Journal: JAMA (1975)

The immune system and various hepatic diseases appear to be closely related; indeed, immunologic abnormalities are described in various hepatic disorders. For instance, primary biliary cirrhosis is associated with the presence of antimitochondrial antibodies and with a decreased response of blood lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin, suggesting a defect in the T-cell system. Because in some instances active chronic hepatitis is also associated with various autoantibodies, it has been possible to subclassify this disease. It remains to be determined, however, if these immune abnormalities are pathogenic or only a secondary phenomenon.  Some immunological aspects of alcoholic liver disease have already been investigated. It has been known that patients with this condition show an increase in levels of serum globulins. Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain this hyperglobulinemia. In one theory, the Kupffer cells proliferate after liver cell damage, and production of their lysosomal enzymes increases, so that the cells become activated
Design for ambulances.
Authors: P. W. Bothwell
Journal: BMJ (1968)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The coronary care unit at RNH Haslar is described, the management of patients outlined, and the results of treatment of 98 consecutive cases of acute myocardial infarction over a fifteen month period reported. As regards characteristics of the patients, extent and site of myocardial infarction, incidence of complications, mortality and causes of death, the results are generally comparable to those of large published series. The incidence of venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and supraventricular arrhythmias was perhaps higher than reported experience, and consequently some changes in management are suggested. There is little hope in the foreseeable future of a substantial reduction in mortality from myocardial failure, complete heart block, or by preventing late sudden deaths. Effective treatment of ventricular fibrillation, and possibly its prevention, remain the cornerstones of coronary care, and undoubtedly reduce the hospital mortality of acute myocardial infarction. It is essential that a member of staff competent to defibrillate immediately is present in the unit at all times. It is concluded that a purpose-built coronary care unit, sophisticated monitoring or alarm systems, and highly trained staff are not essential to provide effective coronary care.
Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase polymorphism influences the toxicity of leflunomide treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: P B. Grabar, B Rozman, D Logar, S Praprotnik, V Dolzan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> The interaction between a cell and its environment shapes fundamental intracellular processes such as cellular metabolism. In most cases growth rate is treated as a proximal metric for understanding the cellular metabolic status. However, changes in growth rate might not reflect metabolic variations in individuals responding to environmental fluctuations. Here we use single-cell microfluidics-microscopy combined with transcriptomics, proteomics and mathematical modelling to quantify the accumulation of glucose within <i>Escherichia coli</i> cells. In contrast to the current consensus, we reveal that environmental conditions which are comparatively unfavourable for growth, where both nutrients and salinity are depleted, increase glucose accumulation rates in individual bacteria and population subsets. We find that these changes in metabolic function are underpinned by variations at the translational and posttranslational level but not at the transcriptional level and are not dictated by changes in cell size. The metabolic response-characteristics identified greatly advance our fundamental understanding of the interactions between bacteria and their environment and have important ramifications when investigating cellular processes where salinity plays an important role.
Prolonged Survival by Tumor-Bearing Rats Treated With Acivicin and Total Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: W. T. CHANCE, L. CAO, J. E. FISCHER
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Prolonged Survival by Tumor-Bearing Rats Treated With Acivicin and Total Parenteral Nutrition Get access WILLIAM T. CHANCE, WILLIAM T. CHANCE * Veterans Affairs HospitalCincinnati, OH *Correspondence to : William T. Chance, M.D., Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, 231 Bethesda Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45267-0558. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar LEQUN CAO, LEQUN CAO Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Medical CenterCincinnati, OH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JOSEF E. FISCHER JOSEF E. FISCHER Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Medical CenterCincinnati, OH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 5, 7 March 1990, Pages 432–434, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.5.432 Published: 07 March 1990
Circulatory Response to Release of Chronic Pulmonary Artery Constriction
Authors: JOHN R. TOBIN, G. C. RASTELLI, PETER E. BLUNDELL, H. J. C. SWAN
Journal: Circulation Research (1965)

The imposition of a chronic work load (pulmonary artery constriction) on the right ventricle increases ventricular muscle mass. This is associated with increased ventricular stroke work when the animal is standing awake, during infusions of norepinephrine, and under conditions of exercise (running on a horizontal treadmill). Studies two weeks after release of chronic pulmonary artery constriction reveal stroke volume and cardiac output are increased during standing at rest, during norepinephrine infusion, and during exercise. Studies eight weeks after removal of pulmonary artery bands show that stroke volume and cardiac output are approaching the normal range. Right ventricular hypertrophy and right ventricular stroke work decline progressively and apparently in parallel in the weeks following release of chronic pulmonary artery constriction. The stroke work capacity of the ventricle seems related to the presence of right ventricular hypertrophy. With a reduction in outflow tract resistance, the stroke volume for a given set of circumstances is markedly increased. From this standpoint, the work capacity of the right ventricle may be taken as a determinant of stroke volume and cardiac output. Decrease of systemic vascular resistance and relative insensitivity of systemic vasoreceptors to norepinephrine were observed after the release of chronic pulmonary artery constriction. These phenomena have roles in the production of the observed hyperdynamic circulatory state, but their contributions to its genesis are secondary to the major role of the hypertrophied right ventricle.
Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β)–Inducible Gene <i>TMEPAI</i> Converts TGF-β from a Tumor Suppressor to a Tumor Promoter in Breast Cancer
Authors: Prajjal K. Singha, I-Tien Yeh, Manjeri A. Venkatachalam, Pothana Saikumar
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

TMEPAI is a transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-induced transmembrane protein that is overexpressed in several cancers. How TMEPAI expression relates to malignancy is unknown. Here, we report high expression of TMEPAI in estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor-negative and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-negative breast cancer cell lines and primary breast cancers that was further increased by TGF-beta treatment. Basal and TGF-beta-induced expression of TMEPAI were inhibited by the TGF-beta receptor antagonist SB431542 and overexpression of Smad7 or a dominant-negative mutant of Alk-5. TMEPAI knockdown attenuated TGF-beta-induced growth and motility in breast cancer cells, suggesting a role for TMEPAI in growth promotion and invasiveness. Further, TMEPAI knockdown decreased breast tumor mass in a mouse xenograft model in a manner associated with increased expression of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) and diminished phosphorylation of Akt. Consistent with the effects through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway, tumors with TMEPAI knockdown exhibited elevated levels of the cell cycle inhibitor p27kip1 and attenuated levels of DNA replication and expression of hypoxia-inducible fator 1alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor. Together, these results suggest that TMEPAI functions in breast cancer as a molecular switch that converts TGF-beta from a tumor suppressor to a tumor promoter.
The prince and the professor: Summary of responses
Authors: Birte Twisselmann
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Professor Baum's open letter in response to the Prince of Wales's speech at a research symposium on complementary therapies and cancer care at the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists sparked off some 80-odd responses.1 Practitioners of conventional medicine and of alternative and complementary medicine (sometimes both), former and current patients (who have much to say to recommend both approaches), journalists, social workers, clerics, and scientists worldwide all responded.

Those who agree unanimously with Professor Baum reject Prince Charles's proposals in no uncertain terms. …
Benefits of intracardiac echocardiography in the guidance of percutaneous transcatherter closure of atrial septal defect and patent foramen ovale
Authors: Anthony Licata, Howard C. Herrmann, Vincent Y. See, Phillip A. Horwitz, John W. Hirshfeld, Susan E. Wiegers, Martin G. St. John Sutton, Frank E. Silvestry
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Sedentary behaviour in youth
Authors: Russell R Pate, Jonathan A Mitchell, Wonwoo Byun, Marsha Dowda
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

The purpose of this review is to describe the amount of time children spend in sedentary behaviour and to determine if there are specific factors that associate with sedentary behaviour in children. The following search terms were used to identify relevant articles: sedentary behaviour, inactivity, television, computer, video games, small screen, sitting, prevalence, patterns, correlates, factors and determinants. The databases used to conduct the search included PubMed, PsycINFO, ERIC (Education Resources Information Center) and Academic Search Premier. The studies reviewed were limited to those that sampled children (2–18 years), were written in English and used a measure of sedentary behaviour as the dependent variable. Several studies reported the time spent watching television or the proportion of children at or above a threshold for television viewing (eg, ≥3 h/day). Among the accelerometer studies included, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is the largest and reported ∼6.1, 7.5 and 8.0 h/day mean sedentary time in children 6–11, 12–15 and 16–19 years old, respectively. Taken together, the existing literature across the world indicates a slightly higher level of sedentary behaviour in older children. Higher levels of sedentary behaviour were also reported in non-white children, children from lower socioeconomic status background and children from households with more access to televisions/computers. Lower levels of sedentary behaviour were reported in children whose parents have rules/limitations on screen time.
Weight reduction in obesity.
Authors: A. A. Lawson, A. M. Gibson, P. Peattie
Journal: BMJ (1969)

on publishing the details of a 14-year-old child who died of asthma.Previous reports of death in asthma' ' have laid emphasis on rthe high risk of death in this age group and have indicated that the main cause of death may 'be abuse of pres- surized bronchodilator aerosols.The paper of Gregg and Batten draws attention to the fact that underprescrdption {of steroids may be dangerous, particularly in
Role of cholesterol determination in ascitic fluid analysis
Authors: Alexander L. Gerbes, Dieter Jüngst
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

We read with interest the recent article by Runyon on diagnosis and treatment of ascites.1 Surprisingly, determination of cholesterol in ascitic fluid was classified as being unhelpful (table 3 of the article). The value of cholesterol in the differentiation between cirrhotic and malignant ascites was first demonstrated in this journal.2 Consequently, we compared cholesterol with other ascitic fluid parameters including the serum-ascites albumin gradient and found it superior.3 Furthermore, we suggested a pathomechanism for the increase of ascitic cholesterol in malignant ascites.4 The diagnostic value of this simple and cheap parameter was confirmed by several groups.5-7 Thus, according to the grading system used in this article, cholesterol should be recommended as Class I, Level B. In our opinion, guidelines should be based on a careful review of the existing literature and free of personal bias. May we suggest that the guidelines be corrected accordingly. Alexander L. Gerbes*, Dieter Jüngst*, * Department of Medicine 2, Liver Center Munich, Klinikum der LMU München, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Abstract 5278: Intravital dual-colored visualization of colorectal liver metastasis formation in the living mice using two photon laser scanning microscopy
Authors: Koji Tanaka, Yuhki Morimoto, Kohei Matsushita, Mikio Kawamura, Yuji Toiyama, Susumu Saigusa, Yoshinaga Okugawa, Yuhki Koike, Yasuhiro Inoue, Chikao Miki, Akira Mizoguchi, Masato Kusunoki
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background and aim: Metastatic spread is the major cause of mortality in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Liver metastasis is the most frequent and thus the main therapeutic target in metastatic CRC patients. The mechanism of colorectal liver metastasis (CLM) is still poorly understood. In this study, we presented high-resolution images of dynamics of tumor-host interaction in liver metastasis model of the living mice using two photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM). We also visualized the formation of CLM from single cancer cells to micrometastatic colonies in the same mice by intravital TPLSM at several times. Materials and methods: Red fluorescent protein (RFP) expressing SL4 murine colorectal cancer cell line (RFP-SL4) and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transgenic mice (GFP mouse) were used as syngeneic tumor model. RFP expressing HT29 human colorectal cancer cell line (RFP-HT29) and GFP nude mice (C57BL/6-BALB/c-nu/nu-EGFP) were used as xenogeneic tumor model. 1×106 RFP expressing cancer cells were injected into the spleen of GFP (nude) mice for an experimental liver metastasis model. Intravital TPLSM was performed by exteriorizing the liver lobe of living mice and fixing it with a solder lug terminal and an adhesive agent (organ stabilizing system, patent number: 2007-129723). Interval TPLSM was also performed for intravital TPLSM at several times in the same mice. Results: Viable cancer cells in the vital liver of living mice were successfully imaged at high-resolution in vivo real-time by TPLSM. Single cancer cells were arrested within hepatic sinusoids 2 hours after injection at a magnification of X600∼X1200. Platelet aggregation surrounding a single cancer cell was observed 2h after injection, indicating a phenomenon of tumor-cell induced platelet aggregation (TCIPA). Cancer cells were extravasated from hepatic sinusoid to Disse space 24h after injection. Protrusions of a Kupffer cell surrounding a cancer cell were observed, indicating that a Kupffer cell appears to be phagocytosing a cancer cell. RFP-SL4 were formed micrometastatic colonies with extensive stromal reaction. Liver metastasis of RFP-HT29 was observed as a clustering of micrometastatic nodules. Conclusions: Our advanced technique using both intravital and interval TLPSM enables a dynamic high-resolution imaging of not only tumor-host interaction in cancer metastasis, but also metastatic process from a single cancer cell to micrometastasis formation in the living animals. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5278. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5278
Axillary hyperhidrosis: failure of subcutaneous curettage.
Authors: H Ellis
Journal: BMJ (1977)

The result of the Paul-Bunnell test was negative, as were tests on sputum and urine and the cerebrospinal fluid.Blood culture grew no organisms, the chest x-ray film was normal, while the throat swab grew 3-haemolytic streptococci group F. Two days later his conditon deteriorated, with temperature 41°C, tachycardia 130 beats/min, and triple rhythm.Electrocardiogram showed S-T elevation in anterior chest leads.Haemoglobin 9-9 g/dl; leuco- cytes 30 x109/l (3000/mm3), neutrophils 42°, lymphocytes 39 %, mono- cytes 190'; platelets 47 x 109/1; ESR 110 in 1 h; aspartate aminotransferase 208 IU (normal 0-40 IU), creatine phosphokinase 67 IU (normal 0-50 IU), lactate dehydrogenase 2320 IU (normal 200-560 IU), and gamma- glutamyltranspeptidase 46 IU (normal 0-45 IU).Tests for Epstein-Barr (EB) virus and cytomegalovirus antibodies were negative.A bone marrow film 2
EZH2 Y641 mutations in follicular lymphoma
Authors: C Bödör, C O'Riain, D Wrench, J Matthews, S Iyengar, H Tayyib, M Calaminici, A Clear, S Iqbal, H Quentmeier, H G Drexler, S Montoto, A T Lister, J G Gribben, A Matolcsy, J Fitzgibbon
Journal: Leukemia (2011)