tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Psychological medicine. Mental handicap and syndromes of brain damage in children.
Authors: A D Forrest
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Mental handicap is not a single syndrome comprising lack of intellectual capacity sufficient to require the use of special educational and health service facilities. A too simple approach to it prevents the utilization of the appropriate services for a particular child. This -article is primarily about treatment, but it is -important to have some knowledge of the different categories of mental handicap. Basically there are two categories of mental handicap subcultural handicap and pathological handicap. Subcultural handicap is a condition of mild handicap (I.Q. 50-70) in which poor genetic endowment (for example, from parents of modest intelligence) is compounded with social and educational dis advantages. These children are apt to come from large families, usually in slum areas of substandard housing, with the father in an unskilled manual job or, more commonly, out of work. Often two or three children in the same sibship are ascertained as mentally handicapped and recommended for special education. This category (subcultural handicap) is certainly the com monest syndrome in mental handicap. Some authorities con sider it accounts for 75% of all cases. The pathological group includes genetic unifactorial dis orders such as phenylketonuria (recessive) and epiloia (domi nant), chromosomal disorders such as Down's syndrome (mongolism), spastic syndromes such as cerebral diplegia or hemiplegia, brain damage from trauma or encephalitis with resulting epilepsy and mental handicap, and many other syn dromes such as spina bifida which may result in mental handi cap. In addition there are a group of children variously described as being autistic or suffering from childhood psychoses. Many of these appear to have sustained minimal degrees of brain damage and some present as hyperkinetic problems.
Diagnosis of Liver Diseases: An Illustrated Textbook
Authors: Alfred L. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The authors have produced a textbook and atlas of liver disease, with chapters on acute viral hepatitis, reactive and granulomatous hepatitis, nutritional and toxic liver injuries, cirrhosis, functional hyperbilirubinemias, and liver congestion, as well as other topics in clinical hepatology. The volume is introduced by chapters describing the normal liver anatomy, the physiology of chemical tests of liver function, and other clinical tests, such as scintigrams and sonograms useful in evaluating liver disease. Also included are examples of common deviations of these tests from normal. Along with a brief description of each topic, examples of chemical findings, scintigrams, sonograms, laparoscopic findings, and both photomicrographs and electron micrographs emphasize the features of various clinical disorders of the liver. The descriptions are brief, but some sections cover clinically relevant aspects well for a textbook of this size; particularly well done are the sections on acute viral hepatitis, functional hyperbilirubinemias, and liver congestion.
Transnational Gestational Surrogacy: Does It<i>Have to Be</i>Exploitative?
Authors: Jeffrey Kirby
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

This article explores the controversial practice of transnational gestational surrogacy and poses a provocative question: Does it have to be exploitative? Various existing models of exploitation are considered and a novel exploitation-evaluation heuristic is introduced to assist in the analysis of the potentially exploitative dimensions/elements of complex health-related practices. On the basis of application of the heuristic, I conclude that transnational gestational surrogacy, as currently practiced in low-income country settings (such as rural, western India), is exploitative of surrogate women. Arising out of consideration of the heuristic's exploitation conditions, a set of public education and enabled choice, enhanced protections, and empowerment reforms to transnational gestational surrogacy practice is proposed that, if incorporated into a national regulatory framework and actualized within a low income country, could possibly render such practice nonexploitative.
Infectious Lymphadenitis or Lymphoma?
Authors: James F. Murphy, Herbert L. Fred
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Things are seldom what they seem, Skim milk masquerades as cream. —W S Gilbert, H.M.S. Pinafore PAINFUL inguinal lymph nodes and fever heralded disease in two young men. In both cases, infection paraded as the offender. The real culprit, however, was lymphoma. Lessons learned from these cases prompted this report. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 30-year-old bookkeeper entered the hospital suffering from painful right inguinal masses and fever of three days' duration. Detailed inquiry supplied no clues. His only abnormalities were a rectal temperature of 39.4 C (103 F) and large, hard, fixed, extremely tender lymph nodes in the right groin. The nodes appeared above and below the inguinal ligament forming the "groove" sign (Fig 1), a characteristic of lymphogranuloma venereum.<sup>1</sup> Infectious lymphadenitis seemed evident. Lymphogranuloma venereum topped the list of possibilities, but a multitude of infectious maladies generated attention. The possibility of neoplasm got little consideration. Total
Ontogeny of the Immune System: γ/δ and α/β T Cells Migrate from Thymus to the Periphery in Alternating Waves
Authors: D. Dunon, D. Courtois, O. Vainio, A. Six, C.H. Chen, M.D. Cooper, J.P. Dangy, B.A. Imhof
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

The embryonic thymus is colonized by the influx of hemopoietic progenitors in waves. To characterize the T cell progeny of the initial colonization waves, we used intravenous adoptive transfer of bone marrow progenitors into congenic embryos. The experiments were performed in birds because intravenous cell infusions can be performed more efficiently in avian than in mammalian embryos. Progenitor cells, which entered the vascularized thymus via interlobular venules in the capsular region and capillaries located at the corticomedullary junction, homed to the outer cortex to begin thymocyte differentiation. The kinetics of differentiation and emigration of the T cell progeny were analyzed for the first three waves of progenitors. Each progenitor wave gave rise to γ/δ T cells 3 d earlier than α/β T cells. Although the flow of T cell migration from the thymus was uninterrupted, distinct colonization and differentiation kinetics defined three successive waves of γ/δ and α/β T cells that depart sequentially the thymus en route to the periphery. Each wave of precursors rearranged all three TCR Vγ gene families, but displayed a variable repertoire. The data indicate a complex pattern of repertoire diversification by the progeny of founder thymocyte progenitors.
THE RATIONAL APPLICATION AND VALUE OF SPECIFIC TREATMENT FOR TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: EDWARD R. BALDWIN
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Tuberculin and antitoxic serum are, strictly speaking, the only real specifics related to tuberculosis. I shall, therefore, restrict my observations to these and endeavor to present some thoughts on their rational use, limitations and value in the light of our present knowledge of their effects. I must state at the outset that my personal experience with these methods is for the most part confined to laboratory and experimental observations. Whatever may be thought by some of the value of such observations, it must be remembered that man has not been found an exception among animals in the application of the general principles worked out by animal experimentation. In order to formulate some ideas about the propriety of employing tuberculin as a treatment, one should first consent to an unprejudiced investigation of its utility and danger. Ignorant haste, both in its use and condemnation, characterizes the history of tuberculin treatment, for
Yellow Jackets in Beer
Authors: GERALD L. SPRINGER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Letters1 February 1975Yellow Jackets in BeerGERALD L. SPRINGER, M.D.GERALD L. SPRINGER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-82-2-229 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptOn 29 september 1974 a 29-year-old man came to our emergency room complaining of a generalized pruritic rash, tightness in his chest, and apprehensiveness. These symptoms had suddenly appeared while he was working and drinking beer outdoors. He stated his symptoms were similar to those he had had a year previously after being stung by a yellow jacket. He was unaware of having been stung by a bee on this day. He had no history of other allergies.At examination he was apprehensive and had a generalized erythematous rash with scattered urticarial lesions. His vital signs were normal except for... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: W. W. Backus Hospital 326 Washington St. Norwich, Connecticut 06360 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1975Volume 82, Issue 2Page: 229-229KeywordsAllergy and immunologyBeerBeesEmergency departmentLesionsRashesThoraxVital signs Issue Published: 1 February 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
Ecology: A Prerequisite for Malaria Elimination and Eradication
Authors: Heather M. Ferguson, Anna Dornhaus, Arlyne Beeche, Christian Borgemeister, Michael Gottlieb, Mir S. Mulla, John E. Gimnig, Durland Fish, Gerry F. Killeen
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

The Policy Forum allows health policy makers around the world to discuss challenges
Balance between synaptic versus extrasynaptic NMDA receptor activity influences inclusions and neurotoxicity of mutant huntingtin
Authors: Shu-ichi Okamoto, Mahmoud A Pouladi, Maria Talantova, Dongdong Yao, Peng Xia, Dagmar E Ehrnhoefer, Rameez Zaidi, Arjay Clemente, Marcus Kaul, Rona K Graham, Dongxian Zhang, H-S Vincent Chen, Gary Tong, Michael R Hayden, Stuart A Lipton
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
America's Health Care Revolution: Who Lives? Who Dies? Who Pays?
Authors: Odin W. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The author is a prominent private and public citizen whose experience with health services was as a former secretary of the then US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare under President Carter and from 1981 as a member of the board of the Chrysler Corporation, chairing its committee on health care. No other corporation as of that time had such a committee. The president of Chrysler, Lee Iacocca, wanted to get a handle on the rising health care costs of the Chrysler employees, which exceeded $500 a car and $1500 per employee per year.  This book is thus a result of the author's personal experiences and will sell because of his prominence rather than as a contribution to new insights into how to handle the problem of rising costs in the American health services. Everything in the book has been said before but not as vividly or with such conviction
Adaptation of the Dartmouth COOP Charts for Use Among American Indian People With Diabetes
Authors: Susan S Gilliland, Adisa J Willmer, Raylene McCalman, Sally M Davis, Martin E Hickey, Georgia E Perez, Charles L Owen, Janette S Carter
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To adapt the Dartmouth COOP Charts for use among American Indians with diabetes and to evaluate the operating characteristics of the adapted charts because measures of health status have not been evaluated for use among American Indians with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS American Indian adults participated in focus group conferences to adapt and review the Dartmouth COOP Charts for use in American Indian communities. American Indian participants with diabetes were interviewed and administered the adapted charts. The operating characteristics of the charts were evaluated by measuring internal and external consistency, reliability, and acceptability. RESULTS Some of the wording and pictures were considered to be offensive and culturally inappropriate in American Indian communities. The adapted charts showed internal consistency in a comparison of interchart variables. CONCLUSIONS The adapted Dartmouth COOP Charts are more culturally acceptable than the original charts and appear to measure constructs adequately.
Jane Munks (née Sweatman)
Authors: Bill Munks
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Senior clinical medical officer in family planning North Cornwall 1963-93 (b Dorking 1930; q King's College Hospital, London, 1954), died from multiple myeloma on 6 September 2005.

After qualifying and house jobs at King's Jane devoted her life to her family and husband, Arthur. Jane and Arthur moved to Bude in 1961 and Jane worked for the Department of Health and Social Security and as a locum in a local general practice before taking over the family planning in North Cornwall. This she developed into an active service for all ages. Jane was president of the local branch of the MS Society and a keen gardener. She leaves Arthur, four children, and seven grandchildren.
92 ENDOTHELIAL CELL CROSS-PRESENTATION INITIATES TNFA-DEPENDENT CD8 T CELL IMMUNITY AGAINST VIRUS-INFECTED HEPATOCYTES
Authors: D. Stabenow, K. Gärtner, M. Odenthal, M. Krönke, U. Protzer, H.P. Dienes, P. Knolle
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Clinical Skills of Foreign Medical Graduates
Authors: Nowamagbe A. Omoigui
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters15 July 1991Clinical Skills of Foreign Medical GraduatesNowamagbe A. Omoigui, MD, MPHNowamagbe A. Omoigui, MD, MPHSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-115-2-158 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:Stillman and colleagues (1) are to be congratulated for a marvelous effort. However, I cannot see how the noted differences between foreign medical graduates (FMGs) and United States medical graduates (USMGs) were a reflection of "validity" in the face of all the limitations in the study (which the authors themselves point out). With respect to FMGs, the authors do not explain how sampling was done or how many interns or residents overall had previous experience with standardized patients. Is working with such standardized patients something that can be "learned"? In addition to the fact that the study...Reference1. StillmanSwansonRegan PDM. Assessment of clinical skills of residents utilizing standardized patients. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114:393-401. LinkGoogle Scholar1. StillmanSwansonRegan PDM. Assessment of clinical skills of residents utilizing standardized patients. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114:393-401. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-5246 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDeveloping an OSTE to Address Lapses in Learners’ Professional Behavior and an Instrument to Code Educators’ Responses 15 July 1991Volume 115, Issue 2Page: 158-159KeywordsGraduate medical education Issue Published: 15 July 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...
Picking up the tab for erythropoietin
Authors: J. Hutton, B. Leese, A. Maynard
Journal: BMJ (1991)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Septin expressions are altered in cancer cells and exhibit poor prognoses in malignancies. As the first approach to develop a septin filament targeting agent, we optimized the structure of Forchlorfenuron (FCF), a known plant cytokinin to generate UR214-9, which contrary to FCF, causes septin-2/9 filamental structural catastrophe in cancer cells without altering cellular septin protein levels. <i>In-silico</i> docking using septin-2/septin-2 dimer complex showed that UR214-9 displaced the guanine carbonyl oxygen from the GDP binding domain and showed increased binding energy than FCF(−8.59vs-7.21). UR214-9 reduced cancer cell growth, downregulated HER2/STAT-3 axis and controlled growth of HER2+ pancreatic, breast and ovarian cancer xenografts in NSG mice and enhanced response of Herceptin against HER2+breast cancer xenograft. Transcriptome analysis of UR214-9 exposed cells demonstrated significant perturbation of &lt;20 genes compared to afatinib which impacted &gt;1200 genes in JIMT-1 breast cancer cells indicating target specificity and non-transcriptional functions of UR214-9. In summary, disrupting septins via UR214-9 is a new approach to control the growth of HER2+ malignancies.
Haemostatic defect in non-immune patients with falciparum malaria: no evidence of diffuse intravascular coagulation.
Authors: J Vreeken, T M Cremer-Goote
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Nine non-immune patients with imported falciparum malaria were examined for signs of diffuse intravascular coagulation (DIC). Although all had thrombocytopenia initially and some later had a decline in plasma fibrinogen concentrations, DIC was never detected, even in severely affected patients with coma and kidney damage. None of the patients were given heparin and all recovered without residual symptoms. Heparin administration should probably be considered only when clear-cut DIC, which possibly never occurs in falciparum malaria, has been demonstrated.
Increased Granzyme A Expression in Type II Pneumocytes of Patients with Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Juanita H. J. Vernooy, Gertrude M. Möller, Robert J. van Suylen, Marlies P. van Spijk, Roy H. E. Cloots, Peter H. Hoet, Herman Jan Pennings, Emiel F. M. Wouters
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with increased numbers of CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in the lung, but the functional activity of CTLs remains unknown. Granzyme A (GrA) and B (GrB) are serine proteases considered to be important effector molecules of CTLs and natural killer cells.To investigate protein and mRNA expression of GrA and GrB in peripheral lung tissue from patients with COPD and control subjects with normal lung function.Paraffin-embedded sections of surgical lung specimens from 22 patients with COPD (FEV(1), 22% predicted; GOLD stage 4) and 15 control subjects (FEV(1), 108% predicted) were immunostained for GrA and GrB, and semiquantified on a 3-point scale. Messenger RNA expression in total lung, specific cell types enriched for by laser capture microdissection, and freshly isolated primary cells were determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.GrA and GrB immunoreactivity was observed in CD8(+) CTLs and CD57(+) natural killer cells, but also in type II pneumocytes and alveolar macrophages in both groups. Bronchiolar epithelium stained positive for GrA, but negative for GrB. These observations were confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction on total lung, laser capture microdissection-enriched specific cell types and freshly isolated primary type II pneumocytes. The scores of GrA-expressing type II pneumocytes were significantly higher in patients with COPD versus control subjects.GrA and GrB mRNA and protein are detectable in human lung tissue. GrA expression is increased in type II pneumocytes of patients with very severe COPD. These results indicate that GrA may be important in the development of COPD.
Bone Imaging of Sternocostoclavicular Hyperostosis in Palmoplantar Pustulosis
Authors: KYOICH UENO, SHIGEHO RIKIMARU, YOSHIO KAWASHIMA, HIDEAKI SAKAI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis is a rare syndrome that is characterized by hyperostosis and soft tissue ossification between the clavicles and the anterior part of the upper ribs. This syndrome frequently is found in the case of palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP), especially in Japan. There have been few published reports, however, of Tc-99m MDP bone imaging findings in PPP. Eleven patients with PPP who were suspected to have sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis were studied with Tc-99m MDP whole body bone imaging. Bone images were abnormal in 11 patients. Abnormal radionuclide concentrations were observed in the sternoclavicular, sternocostal, and manubriosternal joints, in the ribs, and in the sternum. Whole body imaging revealed radionuclide accumulations unexpectedly in other bones such as the vertebrae, femur, tibia, or sacroiliac joints in five of 11 cases. Radiographs were available in nine patients. Three chest radiographs were negative, and six showed various degrees of hyperostosis or sclerotic changes in sternoclavicular, sternocostal, or manubriosternal joints, or in the sternum or anterior upper ribs. These bone lesions usually were more prominent and more easily recognized with bone scintigraphy. Bone scintigraphy should be used as a routine procedure in patients with PPP who are suspected to have sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis.
Neonatal Signs After Late In Utero Exposure to Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Authors: Eydie L. Moses-Kolko, Debra Bogen, James Perel, Amy Bregar, Kathleen Uhl, Bob Levin, Katherine L. Wisner
Journal: JAMA (2005)

A neonatal behavioral syndrome linked to in utero serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) exposure during the last trimester of pregnancy has been identified. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and drug manufacturers have recently agreed to a class labeling change for SRIs, which include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), to include information about potential adverse events in neonates exposed in utero. Integration of data about the neonatal behavioral syndrome into the management of pregnancy in women who take SRIs is a current challenge for physicians.To review evidence regarding the SRI-related neonatal syndrome and to help clinicians guide their patients in a risk-benefit decision-making process.We searched MEDLINE (1966-February 2005) and PsycINFO (1974-February 2005). All articles related to neonatal signs after in utero SRI exposure were acquired, as well as unpublished data on this topic from the FDA advisory committee meeting of June 2004. References cited in case reports and studies were reviewed. Foreign-language literature was included and translated to English.Studies were included if they had clearly identified maternal SRI exposure for a minimum of the final trimester of pregnancy through delivery and assessed neonatal outcomes. We identified 13 case reports describing a total of 18 cases. Nine cohort studies met criteria. When not included in the published article, relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed from raw data and summary risk ratios and 95% CIs were determined with Mantel-Haenszel estimates.Compared with early gestational SRI exposure or no exposure, late SRI exposure carries an overall risk ratio of 3.0 (95% CI, 2.0-4.4) for a neonatal behavioral syndrome. The most SRI-related neonatal case reports involved fluoxetine and paroxetine exposures. Neonates primarily display central nervous system, motor, respiratory, and gastrointestinal signs that are usually mild and disappear by 2 weeks of age. Medical management has consisted primarily of supportive care in special care nurseries. A severe syndrome that consists of seizures, dehydration, excessive weight loss, hyperpyrexia, or intubation is rare in term infants (1/313 quantifiable cases). There have been no reported neonatal deaths attributable to neonatal SRI exposure.Available evidence indicates that in utero exposure to SRIs during the last trimester through delivery may result in a self-limited neonatal behavioral syndrome that can be managed with supportive care. The risks and benefits of discontinuing an SRI during pregnancy need to be carefully weighed for each individual patient. Development and validation of assessment methods and clinical management strategies are critical to advancing this research.