tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Insulin-like growth factor-1 promoter polymorphisms and colorectal cancer: a functional genomics approach
Authors: H-L Wong, W-P Koh, N M Probst-Hensch, D Van den Berg, M C Yu, S A Ingles
Journal: Gut (2008)

<h3>Rationale:</h3> Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) has been proposed to mediate the obesity-related carcinogenic effects of “Western lifestyle”. While genetic factors explain at least half of inter-individual IGF1 variation, the <i>IGF1</i> polymorphisms hypothesised to underlie the variation in cancer incidence rates remain ill-defined. <h3>Methods:</h3> We used a comparative genomics approach to identify putative regulatory polymorphisms in the <i>IGF1</i> promoter region within a rapidly westernising population, the Singapore Chinese. Association of IGF1 genotype with colorectal cancer risk was assessed among 298 colorectal cancer cases and 1142 controls nested within the Singapore Chinese Health Study. <h3>Results:</h3> We identified a common (minor allele frequency = 0.36) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), <i>IGF1</i>-2995 C/A, within a consensus domain for an octamer binding factor (Oct1/Oct2) transcription factor binding site. Possession of one or two copies of the minor allele (genotypes AA and CA) conferred an approximate 40% decrease in risk in comparison to genotype CC (odds ratio, 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.45 to 0.77). This association was stronger for colon cancer than for rectal cancer (p<sub>heterogeneity</sub>&lt;0.001) and for those who were physically active versus inactive (p<sub>interaction</sub> = 0.05). Models including other previously identified promoter polymorphisms did not provide a better prediction of colorectal cancer risk. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> Our results support the hypotheses that IGF1 plays a role in colonic carcinogenesis and that genetically inherited variation in IGF1 expression influences risk of colorectal cancer.
Bone and Joint Clinicopathological Conferences of the Massachusetts General Hospital
Authors: Frederic W. Ilfeld
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Dr. Richard C.  started the practice of clinicopathological conferences at the Massachusetts General Hospital.  idea for this method was presented in 1900 by a medical student, Walter B. Cannon, who himself borrowed the idea from his roommate, a student at Harvard Law School.  Castleman and McNeill selected 50 orthopedic cases from the more than 3,000 Cabot Cases reported since 1938, in theNew England Journal of Medicine.  authors have added further material to bring the results up to date. There are additional x-ray films, photographs of gross specimens, and microscopic sections which did not appear in the original publications.  authors dedicate their volume to Dr. Ernest Amory Codman who was one of the first to apply radiology to bone and joint disease. He reported in 1905 on The Use of X-Rays in the Diagnosis of Bone Diseases.   book contains some of the earliest discussions on
HIV-1 Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Extracts Its Epitope from a Kinked gp41 Ectodomain Region on the Viral Membrane
Authors: Zhen-Yu J. Sun, Kyoung Joon Oh, Mikyung Kim, Jessica Yu, Vladimir Brusic, Likai Song, Zhisong Qiao, Jia-huai Wang, Gerhard Wagner, Ellis L. Reinherz
Journal: Immunity (2008)
Patient-Physician Concordance in Problem Identification in the Primary Care Setting
Authors: RALPH B. FREIDIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

We analyzed how often patients and physicians identified the same principal problem for 439 return primary care visits. Agreement between the patient and physician, called concordance, was scored as complete when both cited a problem in the same organ-system (208 visits; 47%); as partial when the patient cited a problem that was anywhere but first on the physician's problem list but both parties agreed on the biological or psychosocial nature of the principal problem (114 visits; 26%); or as absent (117 visits; 27%). Concordance scores were significantly lower when physicians identified a principal psychosocial problem or when patients identified a principal problem related to psychosocial issues, preventive medicine, the musculoskeletal system, or accidents. Because physicians in the Primary Care Internal Medicine Training Program were significantly more likely to identify principal psychosocial problems, their concordance scores were significantly lower than those of standard internal medicine track physicians.
The Effects of Increased Intracranial Pressure on the Pulmonary Circulation in Relation to Pulmonary Edema
Authors: WILLIAM HARRISON, AVERILL A. LIEBOW
Journal: Circulation (1952)

Sudden elevation of intracranial pressure raises not only the systemic but also the pulmonary intravascular pressures, on occasion, sufficiently to result in pulmonary edema. At least two mechanisms are concerned, that of bradycardia, and that of left ventricular failure. Evidence is presented that interruption of vagal inflow temporarily abolishes the first mechanism. These observations are considered in relation to the clinical problem of head injury.
Soft Tissue Tumors
Authors: Daniel L. Weiss
Journal: JAMA (1989)

This is yet another example of the expert use of the extraordinary compass of one of the most remarkable institutions in the medical firmament, the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP). In the great tradition of the publications from that institution that have established the diagnostic criteria for pathology for decades,<i>Soft Tissue Tumors</i>, in its second edition, achieves that goal and far exceeds previous work by incorporating clinical experience, therapeutic approaches, biologic behavior, and discussion of each entity. This method provides a comprehensive reference for clinicians as well as for pathologists in the complex field of disorders affecting soft tissues. The title of the volume is somewhat misleading. The comprehensive nature of the work includes not only soft-tissue tumors, in the traditional sense, but also provides extensive analyses of lesions that are peripheral to the tumor designation, most strikingly in the sections on fibrous proliferations and fibromatoses. The apposition
Abstract 5035: The MEK inhibitor AZD6244 is active in GNAQ mutant ocular melanoma cells
Authors: Grazia Ambrosini, Gary K. Schwartz
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Uveal melanoma represents the most common intraocular malignancy in the United States. However, there are no effective treatments for this aggressive metastatic disease. While activating mutations in B-RAF are rare in ocular melanoma, oncogenic G protein alpha subunit q (GNAQ) mutations at codon 209 have been described in about 50% of uveal melanomas. Knock-down of GNAQ by siRNA inhibits p-ERK and the MEK inhibitor U0126 has been shown to inhibit growth of a GNAQ mutant cell line (Van Raamsdonk CD et al, Nature 2009). AZD6244 (ARRY-142886) is a MEK inhibitor now in clinical trials. Published phase I results have indicated clinical benefit in a patient with ocular melanoma (Adjei AA et al, J Clin Oncol. 2008). In view of this, we elected to test AZD6244 across a panel of ocular melanoma cell lines that differ in their GNAQ mutational status. Treatment with AZD4244 inhibited cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner, with IC50s in the 100-150nM range. This corresponded to the inhibition ERK phosphorylation and down-regulation of cyclin D1 in GNAQ mutant (both Q209L and P209L), but not in GNAQ wild-type cells. Over-expression of mutant GNAQ(Q209L) in wild type OCM290 cells, which are highly resistant to AZD6244, resulted in drug sensitization with inhibition of ERK phosphorylation. Depletion of GNAQ by siRNA in the GNAQ mutant cells resulted in inhibition of ERK phosphorylation and growth suppression. Interestingly, GNAQ depletion had no effect on ocular melanoma cells with wild type GNAQ or mutant B-RAF. We conclude that the GNAQ activating mutation in ocular melanoma can mediate sensitivity to AZD6244. This data provide a rationale for the clinical evaluation of AZD6244 in uveal melanoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5035.
Removal of Uterine Appendages for the Relief of Constant Ovarian Pain, Incessant Vomiting, and Dysmenorrh a: Recovery
Authors: A. C. Butler-Smythe
Journal: BMJ (1887)

Conclusion.-These analyses, I hope, will show to the professioa to what extent colchicum will alter the renal secretion, by supplying it, *when deficient in its normal constituents-urea and uric acid-from the blood.From practical observations and experiments, I am in- clined, therefore, to believe that to this property of colchicum its -remedial action is in a great measure to be referred.Further analysis of the blood may, however, be thought necessary, but want of time has allowed me no means for this purpose.The analyses of the
Surgery of the Chest
Authors: Earle W. Wilkins
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The seven-year cycle of new editions of this major cardiovascular work— 1962, 1969, 1976, and 1983—is continued with the fifth edition. Aside from its cover change from blue to green, this two-volume set looks much like the previous one, but, sadly to this observer, the name Gibbon has been eliminated from the cover. This distinguished pioneer in the field of cardiovascular surgery is found only in the Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data on the back of the title page. A new edition of a standard work can be evaluated in two ways: comparing it with its previous edition or noting how it stacks up against other volumes in the field. Comparison with its earlier version is indeed very positive. This one has had more than minor updating revisions. The two volumes have been increased by 342 pages to 1978+ pages without increasing their thickness. The 58 chapters, an increase of
Noninvasive Carotid Artery Testing: A Meta-analytic Review
Authors: Dean D. Blakeley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Purpose: To compare the operating characteristics of six noninvasive tests for carotid artery stenosis. Data Sources: A structured search was done using MEDLINE, reference lists from selected articles, and bibliographies from neurology textbooks that focused on the diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis in humans. The search yielded 568 articles. Study Selection: Articles were selected if the noninvasive test results they presented used carotid angiography as the reference standard for comparison, if carotid artery occlusion was considered as a separate category, and if contingency tables could be constructed. Data Extraction: At least two physicians reviewed all selected articles. Items abstracted included patient demographics, study design, sites of patient enrollment, whether the interpretation of test outcomes was blinded, and specific results. Sensitivity, specificity, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and summary measures of effectiveness for each test were calculated. Results: Carotid duplex ultrasonography, carotid Doppler ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance angiography have sensitivities between 0.82 and 0.86, specificities at 0.98, and test-effectiveness measures at or exceeding 3.0 when predicting 100% occlusion. For carotid stenosis of 70% or more, these three tests and supraorbital Doppler ultrasonography all have sensitivities of 0.83 to 0.86, specificities of 0.89 to 0.94, test-effectiveness measures approaching 3.0, and composite ROC areas of 0.91 to 0.92. Limiting analysis to studies that enrolled consecutive patients and those in which interpretation of the noninvasive tests was independent of the angiograms did not substantially change our results. Conclusions: Carotid duplex ultrasonography, carotid Doppler ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance angiography are all similarly successful at predicting 100% carotid artery occlusion and 70% stenosis. Other factors, such as cost, availability, and local experience may influence the decision to use these tests to screen for carotid artery atherosclerosis that may respond to surgery.
Dynamically Oriented Art Therapy: Its Principles and Practice
Authors: John R. Curtis
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Last year in a book review for this Journal ( 196 :462 [May 2] 1966 ), I made the comment that there was still a need for a definitive book on the subject of mental patient art. Dynamically Oriented Art Therapy: Its Principle and Practice , by Margaret Naumburg goes a long way toward fulfilling this need. It is an excellent book with numerous illustrations—the color plates being especially dramatic—and a well written text. The author has had years of experience with  therapy and has previously published on the subject.  The book is divided into two sections: the introduction and case studies. The introduction, encompassing 47 of the 165 pages, is a superb, concise text for teaching the techniques of dynamically oriented  therapy.  The author discusses her experience in the development of  therapy. Indicative of Miss Naumberg's understanding of the subject is the statement that art therapy is based on
Significance of plasma 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one and 27-hydroxycholesterol concentrations as markers for hepatic bile acid synthesis in cholesterol-fed rabbits
Authors: Akira Honda, Tadashi Yoshida, Guorong Xu, Yasushi Matsuzaki, Sugano Fukushima, Naomi Tanaka, Mikio Doy, Sarah Shefer, Gerald Salen
Journal: Metabolism (2003)
When is hospital the right place to be?
Authors: Trish Groves
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The old man had had classic cardiac chest pain for two nights (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39129.623368.BE). Against his general practitioner's advice, he decided he would rather go to that evening's Bowls Club dinner than to hospital for tests. Should his doctor have tried harder to persuade him to go to hospital?

Will Roberts and Adam Timmis would probably say yes. But they also say, on this week's Change Page (doi: 10.1136/bmj.39342.693252.47), that patients with cardiac chest pain should cut out the intermediary and call an ambulance, rather than bothering with general practitioners …
Alcohol-Induced Pain in Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Charles A. Hall, Kenneth B. Olson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

REPORTS by Verbeeten1 and Biche1 and BastrupMadsen2 have called attention to the seldom reported phenomenon of the production of pain in Hodgkin's disease by ethyl alcohol. With the exception of an article by Hoster3 this subject has not been discussed in the American literature. The phenomenon may appear before other signs of Hodgkin's disease and, consequently, may be helpful in diagnosis. For this reason and also because this effect of alcohol is unusual and interesting, we present a case and summarize the cases previously reported.Case ReportA 20-year-old soldier first became ill with Hodgkin's disease in December, 1951. He . . .
Pauper Fees by Wealthy Corporations.
Authors: Hugh R. Manning
Journal: JAMA (1906)

InThe Journal, March 3, 1906, page 671, we referred to the absurdly low fees offered by the Maryland Casualty Company in their new schedule of fees. The subject came up for discussion at a meeting of the Jefferson County (Ky.) Medical Society, held March 27, 1906, at which Dr. Hugh R. Manning, Louisville, presented some letters from this company, and in discussing the matter said: Much has been said and written of late about physicians' fees, especially the fees paid by various insurance companies for the examination of applicants for life insurance, and for first attention and services in "personal accident" and "employers' liability" insurance, all of which has been brought about by the action of practically all the companies in reducing the medical fees that were already so low as to be on a starvation ratio.... I maintain that no physician should make an examination of an applicant
ADDRESS ON GENERAL SURGERY—SURGICAL PROBLEMS.DRAINAGE—RADICAL CURE OF HERNIA BY OPERATION—APPENDICITIS. Delivered before the American Medical Association at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting held in Milwaukee, June, 1893.
Authors: H. H. MUDD
Journal: JAMA (1893)

The exact clinical value of surgical procedures can not be determined by individual opinion, and statistics are often misleading. New ideas are quickly tested in the hope that they may solve some of the old problems. However brilliant new theories in surgery may appear, they often find very narrow limits in the practical work of the surgeon. Many of you are not surgeons, yet every one is interested in surgery and its problems. Old questions—of universal interest and general importance still have their lines of use and abuse ill defined. The authoritative teaching of many surgical writers suggest that all surgical problems are either satisfactorily solved or will soon find definite solution through the new facts so persistently presented for consideration. Original research and experimental operations have done so much for modern surgery that we are loth to admit that any good can come from the consideration of things not
[682] INTRAUTERINE-TRANSPLACENTAL TRANSMISSION OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) INFECTION FROM VIREMIC (PRECORE MUTANT, G1896A) CHRONIC HBV INFECTED MOTHERS TO THEIR INFANTS
Authors: I.S. Elefsiniotis, M. Papadakis, G. Vlachos, G. Daskalakis, C. Barbatis, A. Antsaklis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Acute Respiratory Illnesses Among Children and Adults
Authors: Maurice R. Hilleman
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Extensive epidemiologic-laboratory investigations were conducted in which the specific viral etiology was defined in 40% of acute respiratory illnesses in children and in 20% of such illnesses among adults. Included in the latter group was the "common cold" caused by coryzaviruses. Evidences were presented for simultaneous infection with more than one virus in certain cases of respiratory disease. Review of the contemporary literature made possible an appraisal of the relative importance of the individual viruses in acute respiratory illnesses and provided a rationale for future development of vaccines which may afford protection against a significant portion of the respiratory disease spectrum.
Platelet Transfusion Therapy
Authors: Arthur A. Serpick
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The safety and hemostatic effects of platelet transfusions have been well demonstrated in a National Cancer Institute—Acute Leukemia Task Force supported collaborative study among five major institutions and the National Laboratories of the American Red Cross. These hospitals are collecting large quantities of platelets on a regular basis and are defining the conditions under which platelets should be given. Although the primary goal of this program is the evaluation of the role of platelet replacement therapy in the management of patients with leukemia, the knowledge gained from this program can now be extended toward the management of patients with other diseases. These would include other malignancies where myelosuppressive drugs and radiotherapy are used, aplastic anemia, thrombasthenia, drug-induced or idiopathic thrombocytopenia, and radiation accidents. The problems of securing sufficient quantities and maintaining viability of platelets have limited utilization of platelet transfusions as a therapeutic procedure in management of platelet deficiency. No
Reduction of Blood Pressure With Calcium Supplementation in Young Adults
Authors: Jose M. Belizan
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Epidemiologic and animal studies have suggested an inverse relationship between calcium intake and BP. Furthermore, calcium intake seems to be inversely correlated with the incidence of eclampsia in pregnancy. In a randomized clinical trial, young adults were allocated to a calcium-supplemented group receiving 1 g/day of elemental calcium (15 men and 15 women) or a placebo group (14 women and 13 men) for a period of 22 weeks. The calcium-supplemented group showed a significant decrease in diastolic BP; this effect was stabilized after nine weeks in women and six weeks in men. The reduction in diastolic BP was 5.6% and 9% from the initial values for women and men, respectively. This study supports epidemiologic and animal evidence of the effect of calcium intake on BP and suggests the need for more research exploring the mechanisms involved in the observed effect.
Computers, the Internet, and the Practice of Medicine
Authors: Margaret A. Winker, William M. Silberg
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
More staff training needed to promote breast feeding when babies leave neonatal care
Authors: D. Carlisle
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Mothers of babies in neonatal units could and should be encouraged to provide breast milk for their infants, Mary Renfrew, professor of mother and infant health, is to tell a Unicef conference in Glasgow on 26 November.

Professor Renfrew, who is presenting results of her as yet unpublished review of breast feeding in neonatal units, will call on the Department of Health to include preterm infants in its policies to support breast feeding.

Her review of 48 research papers on breast milk in neonatal units highlights the barriers to women initiating milk production, expressing it for preterm infants …
Analysis of plastid DNA-like sequences within the nuclear genomes of higher plants
Authors: M. A. Ayliffe, N. S. Scott, J. N. Timmis
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1998)

A wide-ranging examination of plastid (pt)DNA sequence homologies within higher plant nuclear genomes (promiscuous DNA) was undertaken. Digestion with methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes and Southern analysis was used to distinguish plastid and nuclear DNA in order to assess the extent of variability of promiscuous sequences within and between plant species. Some species, such as Gossypium hirsutum (cotton), Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco), and Chenopodium quinoa, showed homogenity of these sequences, while intraspecific sequence variation was observed among different cultivars of Pisum sativum (pea), Hordeum vulgare (barley), and Triticum aestivum (wheat). Hypervariability of plastid sequence homologies was identified in the nuclear genomes of Spinacea oleracea (spinach) and Beta vulgaris (beet), in which individual plants were shown to possess a unique spectrum of nuclear sequences with ptDNA homology. This hypervariability apparently extended to somatic variation in B. vulgaris. No sequences with ptDNA homology were identified by this method in the nuclear genome of Arabidopsis thaliana.