tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cancer Incidence, Mortality, and Associated Risk Factors Among Asian Americans of Chinese, Filipino, Vietnamese, Korean, and Japanese Ethnicities
Authors: M. McCracken, M. Olsen, M. S. Chen, A. Jemal, M. Thun, V. Cokkinides, D. Deapen, E. Ward
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2007)

Many studies demonstrate that cancer incidence and mortality patterns among Asian Americans are heterogeneous, but national statistics on cancer for Asian ethnic groups are not routinely available. This article summarizes data on cancer incidence, mortality, risk factors, and screening for 5 of the largest Asian American ethnic groups in California. California has the largest Asian American population of any state and makes special efforts to collect health information for ethnic minority populations. We restricted our analysis to the 4 most common cancers (prostate, breast, lung, colon/rectum) and for the 3 sites known to be more common in Asian Americans (stomach, liver, cervix). Cancer incidence and mortality were summarized for 5 Asian American ethnic groups in California in order of population size (Chinese, Filipino, Vietnamese, Korean, and Japanese). Chinese Americans had among the lowest incidence and death rate from all cancer combined; however, Chinese women had the highest lung cancer death rate. Filipinos had the highest incidence and death rate from prostate cancer and the highest death rate from female breast cancer. Vietnamese had among the highest incidence and death rates from liver, lung, and cervical cancer. Korean men and women had by far the highest incidence and mortality rates from stomach cancer. Japanese experienced the highest incidence and death rates from colorectal cancer and among the highest death rates from breast and prostate cancer. Variations in cancer risk factors were also observed and were for the most part consistent with variations in cancer incidence and mortality. Differences in cancer burden among Asian American ethnic groups should be considered in the clinical setting and in cancer control planning.
Clinical Radiology of the Pediatric Abdomen and Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Martin W. Donner
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Gastrointestinal disorders affecting children differ from conditions observed in the adult population. Of particular importance in pediatric radiology are congenital and developmental anomalies, such as esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistulas, chalasia, microgastria, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, meconium peritonitis, and abdominal masses. In this book, the material is organized according to the various segments of the gastrointestinal tract, with additional chapters on abdominal masses, defects in parietes, indwelling vascular catheters, and, as an appendix, some helpful hints pertaining to techniques of radiological examinations of infants and toddlers. There are many illustrations presented in an atlas format with relatively detailed legends and preceded by short statements as to principal clinical manifestations, relevant radiologic examinations, and cardinal radiological signs. To this are added short commentaries and a number of references. This mode of presentation will appeal to readers who seek quick information on a particular topic, but because of the brevity of the
Cancer Incidence in BRCA1 Mutation Carriers
Authors: D. Thompson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2002)

Germline BRCA1 mutations confer a substantial lifetime risk of breast and ovarian cancer, but whether cancer at other sites is increased is less clear. To evaluate the risks of other cancers in BRCA1 mutation carriers, we conducted a cohort study of 11 847 individuals from 699 families segregating a BRCA1 mutation that were ascertained in 30 centers across Europe and North America.The observed cancer incidence was compared with the expected cancer incidence based on population cancer rates. Relative risks (RRs) of each cancer type in BRCA1 carriers relative to risks for the general population were estimated by weighting individuals according to their estimated probability of being a mutation carrier. All statistical tests were two-sided.BRCA1 mutation carriers were at a statistically significantly increased risk for several cancers, including pancreatic cancer (RR = 2.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26 to 4.06, P =.004) and cancer of the uterine body and cervix (uterine body RR = 2.65, 95% CI = 1.69 to 4.16, P<.001; cervix RR = 3.72, 95% CI = 2.26 to 6.10, P<.001). There was some evidence of an elevated risk of prostate cancer in mutation carriers younger than 65 years old (RR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.01 to 3.29, P =.05) but not in those 65 years old or older (RR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.53 to 1.33, P =.45). Overall, increases in the risk for cancer at sites other than the breast or ovary were small and evident in women (RR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.93 to 2.75, P =.001) but not in men (RR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.81 to 1.12, P =.58).In carriers of BRCA1 mutations, the overall increased risk of cancer at sites other than breast and ovary is small and is observed in women but generally not in men. BRCA1 mutations may confer increased risks of other abdominal cancers in women and increased risks of pancreatic cancer in men and women.
Kinetics of glucose disposal in whole body and across the forearm in man.
Authors: H Yki-Järvinen, A A Young, C Lamkin, J E Foley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

We reevaluated the concept that the in vivo glucose disposal rate in man is determined by the activity of the glucose transport system. Rates of glucose disposal were determined in whole body and across forearm at four insulin levels (approximately 9, approximately 50, approximately 160, and approximately 1700 microU/ml) and at each insulin level at four glucose levels (approximately 90, approximately 160, approximately 250, and approximately 400 mg/dl). At the lowest insulin level, the Michaelis constants (Ks:s) for glucose disposal in whole body (8.7 +/- 1.1 mM) and across forearm (7.4 +/- 1.4) mM) were compatible with a Ks determined in vitro for the transport system. At higher insulin levels, the apparent Ks increased significantly in whole body (16.2-37.7 mM) and across forearm (20.7-31.2 mM). We interpret the apparent increase of Ks by insulin to reflect a shift in the rate-limiting step from glucose transport to some step beyond transport.
Long Hours and Risks to and From Residents
Authors: F. Wells Shoemaker
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The Jan 1, 1988, issue of<i>JAMA</i>contained a letter describing the personal safety hazard of residents driving home from work in a sleep-deprived condition.<sup>1</sup>The authors appropriately suggest educating medical students and residents about this occupational hazard. I now ask whether patients should be likewise advised about the hazard to their personal safety while receiving care from residents who are in this sleep-deprived condition during the last few hours before attempting to drive home. The blunt fact is that many residency training programs, surgery programs perhaps the most culpable, are still subjecting young physicians to work conditions that would not remotely be considered proper in any other nonmilitary human endeavor. If a physician can barely drive, what in the world is he going to be doing, with a sharp instrument in his hand, to somebody's family member?
Keratin 16 and keratin 17 mutations cause pachyonychia congenita
Authors: W.H.I. McLean, E.L. Rugg, D.P. Lunny, S.M. Morley, E.B. Lane, O. Swensson, P.J.C. Dopping-Hepenstal, W.A.D. Griffiths, R.A.J. Eady, C. Higgins, H.A. Navsaria, I.M. Leigh, T. Strachan, L. Kunkeler, C.S. Munro
Journal: Nature Genetics (1995)
Insight on the fate of CNS-targeted nanoparticles. Part I: Rab5-dependent cell-specific uptake and distribution
Authors: Antonietta Vilella, Giovanni Tosi, Andreas M Grabrucker, Barbara Ruozi, Daniela Belletti, Maria Angela Vandelli, Tobias M Boeckers, Flavio Forni, Michele Zoli
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
Handling of Thermal Receipts as a Source of Exposure to Bisphenol A
Authors: Shelley Ehrlich, Antonia M. Calafat, Olivier Humblet, Thomas Smith, Russ Hauser
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) has been associated with adverse health outcomes, including reproductive function in adults1 and neurodevelopment in children exposed perinatally.2 Exposure to BPA is primarily through dietary ingestion, including consumption of canned foods.3 A less-studied source of exposure is thermal receipt paper,4 handled daily by many people at supermarkets, ATM machines, gas stations, and other settings. We hypothesized that handling of thermal receipts significantly increases BPA exposure, but use of gloves during handling minimizes exposure.
Adipokines and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in an Aboriginal Canadian Population
Authors: Sylvia H. Ley, Stewart B. Harris, Philip W. Connelly, Mary Mamakeesick, Joel Gittelsohn, Robert A. Hegele, Ravi Retnakaran, Bernard Zinman, Anthony J.G. Hanley
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

The aim of this study was to investigate associations of adiponectin, leptin, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, and serum amyloid A (SAA), individually or in combinations, with risk of incident type 2 diabetes in a Aboriginal Canadian [corrected] population.Of the 606 Sandy Lake Health and Diabetes Project cohort subjects who were free of diabetes at baseline, 540 (89.1%) participated in 10-year follow-up assessments. Concentrations of fasting adiponectin, leptin, CRP, IL-6, SAA, and covariates were measured at baseline. Fasting glucose and a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test were obtained at baseline and follow-up to determine incident type 2 diabetes, defined as clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes or as fasting plasma glucose > or =7.0 mmol/l or 2-h postload plasma glucose > or =11.1 mmol/l at follow-up.Low adiponectin, high leptin, and low adiponectin-to-leptin ratio at baseline were associated with increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes after adjustment for age, sex, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, hypertension, and impaired glucose tolerance (odds ratio 0.63 [95% CI 0.48-0.83], 1.50 [1.02-2.21], and 0.54 [0.37-0.77], respectively). When the models were additionally adjusted for waist circumference or BMI, however, only low adiponectin remained significantly associated with increased incident diabetes (0.68 [0.51-0.90]). Combinations of leptin, CRP, IL-6, and/or SAA with adiponectin, assessed using either the ratio or joint effects, did not improve diabetes prediction.Low baseline adiponectin is associated with increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes independent of leptin, CRP, IL-6, SAA, and metabolic syndrome variables including obesity.
A Case of Malignant Hemorrhagic Malaria with very Large Spleen.
Authors: H. J. Gahagan
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Elgin, Ill., Nov. 15, 1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —With the permission of Dr. J. F. Bell, I wish to report an interesting case of hemorrhagic malaria in which I was called in consultation: W. M., male, age 25, recently from a malarial region of Kentucky and for years a victim of that disease. He has had several chills during his three weeks' residence here, of the remittent form. October 27, last, the patient left the house feeling very well, not having had a rigor during the last week. While waiting in the depot for a train to Chicago, he suddenly became quite sick. He struggled back to the house and on reaching it he fell to the floor, complaining of pain, and also had a chill. Dr. Bell was called, and found the patient in a delirious state, temperature 104, pulse 130, strong and full; palpation and pressure over the
Tuberculous Laryngitis: An Analysis of 428 Cases
Authors: R. S. Stevenson, F. R. G. Heaf
Journal: BMJ (1940)

MEDICAL JOURN4LCase 4.-Gastrectomy in a woman aged 60.The anaesthetic sequence was as in the first case.Convulsions developed after thirty-five minutes, and there was pronounced cyanosis.2 c.cm. of evipan was given intravenously, and convulsions ceased.The rectal temperature was 100.2°and the theatre temperature 74°.The patient died from a pulmonary embolism ten days after the operation.At the post-mortem examination special attention was paid to possible abnor- malities due to the vinesthene, but nothing was found.Sections of the liver examined microscopically showed no degeneration.
Computerized cranial tomography. Effect on diagnostic and therapeutic plans
Authors: H. V. Fineberg
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The effect of computerized cranial tomography (CCT) on physicians' diagnostic and therapeutic plans in 194 patients scanned consecutively during a 17-day period at the Massachusetts General Hospital was studied. Use of CCT substantially decreased the perceived need for other neurodiagnostic tests in this patient population. There was a reduction of a least 41% in radionuclide scans, 52% angiograms, and 73% in pneumoencephalograms compared to the needs projected had CCT not been available. Therapy was altered after 37 scans in 36 patients (19% of those examined): new treatment was begun after 15 scans, previously planned therapy became more precise after 9 scans, treatment was found to be unnecessary after 7 scans, and treatment was abandoned as worthless after 6 scans.
SMALL HDL LIPOPROTEIN PARTICLE CONCENTRATION AND INTERLEUKIN-6 AS PREDICITIVE MARKERS FOR INCIDENT NON-CARDIOVASCULAR, NON-CANCER, INFLAMMATORY-RELATED DEATH AND HOSPITALIZATION VS CARDIOVASCULAR DEATH AND HOSPITALIZATION: THE MULTIETHNIC STUDY OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: Daniel Duprez, David Jacobs, Joao Lima, Mary Cushman, Russell Tracy, James Otvos, Philip Greenland, James Neaton
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Intraoperative Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Improves Detection of Micrometastases
Authors: Michael J. Liptay, Sean C. Grondin, Willard A. Fry, Chris Pozdol, Doreine Carson, Carol Knop, Gregory A. Masters, Reid M. Perlman, William Watkin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

Lymph node metastases are the most significant prognostic factor in localized non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nodal micrometastases may not be detected with current standard histologic methods. We performed intraoperative technetium-99m ((99m)Tc) sentinel lymph node (SN) mapping in patients with resectable NSCLC. This study aimed to identify the first station of nodal drainage of operable lung cancers. Serial section histology and immunohistochemistry were used to validate the SN and to identify the presence of micrometastatic disease.One hundred patients with potentially resectable suspected NSCLC were enrolled. At thoracotomy, the primary tumor was injected with 0.25 to 2 mCi (99m)Tc. Intraoperative scintigraphic readings of both the primary tumor and lymph nodes were obtained with a hand-held gamma counter. Anatomic resection with a mediastinal node dissection was then performed.Nine of the 100 patients did not have NSCLC (seven benign lesions and two metastatic tumors) and were excluded. Seventy-eight (86%) of 91 patients had a SN identified and a complete resection. Sixty-nine (88.5%) out of the 78 SNs were classified as true-positive with no metastases found in other intrathoracic lymph nodes without concurrent SN involvement. In nine patients, the SN was the only positive node. In seven of these nine patients, the SN was found to harbor only micrometastatic disease.Intraoperative SN mapping with (99m)Tc is an accurate way to identify the first site of lymphatic tumor drainage in NSCLC. This method may also improve the precision of pathologic staging.
Bioethics: Readings and Cases
Authors: Kenneth Vaux
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>Philosophy and Medicine, by E. K. Ledermann, revised edition, 180 pp, $41.50, Brookfield, Vt, Gower, 1986.</h3> Reviewed together, these two volumes illumine the crisis and challenge facing medical ethics today. The Brody and Engelhardt volume offers not only another reader of seminal essays but also a depiction of the state of the art in ethics from the perspective of analytic philosophy. In intriguing introductory and interstitial essays, the authors, though themselves respectively rooted in the Jewish and Catholic moral traditions, rest their hope for a public ethics not so much on prescriptive values derived from faith, but on descriptive analytic thought. By contrast, the two-decade—later reissue of Ledermann offers the now much increased readership of health care ethics a normative proposal for how we<i>ought</i>to evaluate modern medicine. Ledermann's critique of materialism and his affirmation of humanism, particularly in its wholist and existentialist variants, make a rich contribution to
Prospective comparison of double contrast barium enema plus flexible sigmoidoscopy v colonoscopy in rectal bleeding: barium enema v colonoscopy in rectal bleeding.
Authors: E J Irvine, J O'Connor, R A Frost, P Shorvon, S Somers, G W Stevenson, R H Hunt
Journal: Gut (1988)

Rectal bleeding often heralds serious colonic disease. The literature suggests that colonoscopy is superior to barium enema plus sigmoidoscopy, although no good comparative studies exist. Seventy one patients with overt rectal bleeding had prospectively flexible sigmoidoscopy, double contrast barium enema and colonoscopy completed independently. Against the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of colonoscopy were 0.69 and 0.78 respectively for a spectrum of colonic lesions, while for combined flexible sigmoidoscopy and double contrast barium enema these values were 0.80 and 0.56, respectively. When assessing adenoma or carcinoma, colonoscopy was more sensitive at 0.82 v 0.73, while flexible sigmoidoscopy plus double contrast barium enema was superior for detecting diverticular disease. The positive predictive value for colonoscopy was 0.87 against 0.81 for flexible sigmoidoscopy and double contrast barium enema. This study confirms that colonoscopy should be a first line investigation in subjects likely to require biopsy or therapeutic intervention.
The Immunization Treatment of Hay Fever.
Authors: H. Holbrook Curtis
Journal: JAMA (1902)

New York, Nov. 1, 1902. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —At the last meeting of the American Laryngological Association, Dr. E. Fletcher Ingals of Chicago read a paper which you published inThe Journalof June 28, 1902, concerning the immunization cure of hay fever. In this paper there are so many statements that are at variance with facts and so many misrepresentations in regard to myself, that I am obliged to ask you to publish this letter. Ingals writes: "Dr. Curtis stated that by trying various substances he found that if a patient was rendered immune to one, he was thereby also made immune to some of the others. Curtis employed only the liquor ambrosia prepared by Fraser &amp; Co., the constituents of which are not given," and on page 1686, "Fraser's liquor ambrosia is a proprietary preparation, the constituents of which are not known to the profession; therefore, careful physicians
TRACTION ALOPECIA IN SIKH BOYS
Authors: Gurmohan Singh
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

Journal Article TRACTION ALOPECIA IN SIKH BOYS Get access Gurmohan Singh Gurmohan Singh Head, Section of Skin and V.D., Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 92, Issue 2, 1 February 1975, Pages 232–233, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1975.tb03068.x Published: 01 February 1975
Intensity of factor VIII treatment and inhibitor development in children with severe hemophilia A: the RODIN study
Authors: Samantha C. Gouw, H. Marijke van den Berg, Kathelijn Fischer, Günter Auerswald, Manuel Carcao, Elizabeth Chalmers, Hervé Chambost, Karin Kurnik, Ri Liesner, Pia Petrini, Helen Platokouki, Carmen Altisent, Johannes Oldenburg, Beatrice Nolan, Rosario Pérez Garrido, M. Elisa Mancuso, Anne Rafowicz, Mike Williams, Niels Clausen, Rutger A. Middelburg, Rolf Ljung, Johanna G. van der Bom
Journal: Blood (2013)
The Role of the Wnt-Signaling Antagonist DKK1 in the Development of Osteolytic Lesions in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Erming Tian, Fenghuang Zhan, Ronald Walker, Erik Rasmussen, Yupo Ma, Bart Barlogie, John D. Shaughnessy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Myeloma cells may secrete factors that affect the function of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, or both.We subjected purified plasma cells from the bone marrow of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma and control subjects to oligonucleotide microarray profiling and biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses to identify molecular determinants of osteolytic lesions.We studied 45 control subjects, 36 patients with multiple myeloma in whom focal lesions of bone could not be detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and 137 patients in whom MRI detected such lesions. Different patterns of expression of 57 of approximately 10,000 genes from purified myeloma cells could be used to distinguish the two groups of patients (P<0.001). Permutation analysis, which adjusts the significance level to account for multiple comparisons in the data sets, showed that 4 of these 57 genes were significantly overexpressed by plasma cells from patients with focal lesions. One of these genes, dickkopf 1 (DKK1), and its corresponding protein (DKK1) were studied in detail because DKK1 is a secreted factor that has been linked to the function of osteoblasts. Immunohistochemical analysis of bone marrow-biopsy specimens showed that only myeloma cells contained detectable DKK1. Elevated DKK1 levels in bone marrow plasma and peripheral blood from patients with multiple myeloma correlated with the gene-expression patterns of DKK1 and were associated with the presence of focal bone lesions. Recombinant human DKK1 or bone marrow serum containing an elevated level of DKK1 inhibited the differentiation of osteoblast precursor cells in vitro.The production of DKK1, an inhibitor of osteoblast differentiation, by myeloma cells is associated with the presence of lytic bone lesions in patients with multiple myeloma.
THE REACTION BETWEEN THE ENZYME TYROSINASE AND ITS SPECIFIC ANTIBODY
Authors: Mark H. Adams
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1942)

1. Antibodies to the enzyme tyrosinase, obtained from the mushroom Psalliota campestris, have been produced in rabbits and human beings. 2. These antibody preparations, though precipitating the enzyme from solution, do not affect its catalytic activity.
Amputation Surgery and Rehabilitation: The Toronto Experience
Authors: Eugene M. Burgess
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This book is the most recent of a number of new publications including an atlas on the subject. Current interest in amputations and prosthetic rehabilitation is not surprising. Excluding war experiences, the area of amputation surgery has languished in the backwater of surgical progress. Generally considered dull and unrewarding, relegated on many services to junior surgical staff and house officers, diluted in interest and experience by the diversity of surgical disciplines involved in its performance and the often tenuous liaison between the surgeon, rehabilitation personnel, and prosthetist, the peacetime amputation has too often been a true surgical stepchild. Trauma, neoplasms, congenital anomalies, and difficult infection problems no longer dominate the amputation scene. Four of every five major civilian amputations now result from limb ischemia. The increasing numbers, the epidemic nature of diabetes in the western world, and the interval nature of surgical vascular reconstruction have all forced surgeons and other