tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Balance between Polyoma Enhancing Activator 3 and Activator Protein 1 Regulates <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>–Stimulated Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 Expression
Authors: Jeng Yih Wu, Hong Lu, Yubo Sun, David Y. Graham, Herman S. Cheung, Yoshio Yamaoka
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Helicobacter pylori infection and elevated expression of tissue matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) are both associated with gastric cancer. We investigated the regulation of MMP-1 expression during H. pylori infection. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR was used to examine mucosal MMP-1 mRNA levels in 55 patients with gastric cancers and 61 control patients. Increased MMP-1 mRNA levels in the gastric mucosa and epithelial cells were observed in H. pylori infections in which both the cag pathogenicity island (PAI) and outer inflammatory protein A (OipA) were expressed. The combined induction of c-fos, c-jun, and polyoma enhancing activator-3 (pea-3) by H. pylori caused maximal increase in MMP-1 expression. Activation of the MMP-1 promoter by H. pylori involved occupation of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) sites at −72 and −181 and, surprisingly, vacancy of the −88 PEA-3 site. Electrophoretic mobility shift, supershift, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed increased binding of c-Fos and c-Jun to the −72 and −181 AP-1 sites during H. pylori infection. Importantly, during wild-type H. pylori infection, we detected increased PEA-3 binding to the −72AP-1 site and decreased PEA-3 binding to the −88 PEA-3 site. However, during infection with the cag PAI and oipA mutants, PEA-3 binding to the −88 site was detected. MMP-1 and pea-3 activities are increased in gastric cancers. Maximal activation of MMP-1 transcription requires the cag PAI and OipA, which regulate AP-1 and PEA-3 binding. Thus, cag PAI and OipA provide a possible link between bacterial virulence factors and important host factors related to disease pathogenesis. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(10): 5111-20)
Endosomal escape and the knockdown efficiency of liposomal-siRNA by the fusogenic peptide shGALA
Authors: Yu Sakurai, Hiroto Hatakeyama, Yusuke Sato, Hidetaka Akita, Kentaro Takayama, Sachiko Kobayashi, Shiroh Futaki, Hideyoshi Harashima
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Relationships between submaximal performance parameters over time when endurance cycling performance improves: implications for interpretation of the Lamberts and Lambert submaximal cycle test
Authors: B Capostagno, R P Lamberts, M I Lambert
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

To achieve the greatest possible gains in athletic performance it is necessary to find the balance between the optimal training stimulus and the shortest, but sufficient recovery period. The Lamberts and Lambert submaximal cycle test (LSCT), which was used to monitor the status of fatigue in a world-class cyclo-cross cyclist, showed changes in retinal pigmented epithelial, submaximal power and heart rate recovery (HRR). The purpose of the present study was the retrospective analysis of the same variables in a group of well-trained cyclists who had completed 2 weeks of high-intensity interval training, to determine whether the cyclists who adapted positively could be differentiated from the others who did not. Twelve well-trained cyclists were recruited for participation in the present study. The participants performed a 40-km time trial (40-km TT) before and after 2 weeks of high-intensity training, which included four high-intensity interval training sessions. The participants were then retrospectively divided into two groups based on whether they improved (group A, N=6) their 40-km TT performance or not (group M, N=6). The LSCT was completed before each performance test and each training session resulting in the capture of eight LSCTs in total. Changes over time within the parameters of the LSCT (power, RPE and HRR) were analysed between the two groups. Group A improved their 40-km TT time (analysis of variance repeated measures; p&lt;0.01). There was a relationship between submaximal power and time (ie, days of training) in the second (r=0.74; p=0.0369) and third (r=0.81; p=0.0159) stages of the LSCT in group A. A similar relationship was found between HRR and time in group A (r=0.89; p=0.0031). These differences/relationships did not occur in group M. These results support previous findings which demonstrate the relationship between outcome measures of the LSCT and cycling performance and highlight the importance of considering more than one variable when monitoring training adaptation.
An Assessment of the Association Between Functional Edentulism, Obesity, and NIDDM
Authors: Thomas J Cleary, John E Hutton
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

To assess the association between a measure of extensive tooth loss (functional edentulism) and obesity with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in a racially heterogeneous sample.A cross-sectional survey (370 subjects) was performed by reviewing the medical and dental records of dependently or independently living individuals who were treated as inpatients and/or outpatients at a Department of Veterans Affairs facility. Frequencies and descriptive measures were derived; univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to test for associations, confounding, effect modification, and interaction using functional edentulism and obesity as the independent variables and NIDDM as the dependent measure.Functionally edentulous individuals were at significantly greater risk for NIDDM (estimated odds ratio [OR] = 4.06), than the obese (OR = 3.29). These relationships were not confounded by age or race in this sample. Obesity did confound functional edentulism in the multivariable model, suggesting that they act independently on the outcome variable (NIDDM).Dentist-assessed functional edentulism and physician-diagnosed obesity were significantly associated with NIDDM in this sample of predominantly older men. This finding ought to be considered by primary care providers in formulating dietary strategies in order to facilitate the realization of their therapeutic goals.
Patent Foramen Ovale in Young Adults with Unexplained Stroke
Authors: Jorge R. Kizer, Richard B. Devereux
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

A 38-year-old man notes abrupt loss of vision in his right visual field while reading. He has no significant medical history and reports that he does not smoke or use alcohol or illicit drugs. Physical examination reveals right homonymous hemianopia but no other abnormalities. MRI reveals acute left occipital infarction and normal head and neck vessels. Transesophageal echocardiography shows a patent foramen ovale without atrial septal aneurysm. What are the implications of this finding, and what therapy should be recommended?
Barrett's oesophagus and proton pump inhibitors: a pathological perspective
Authors: N A SHEPHERD
Journal: Gut (2000)

Barrett's oesophagus and proton pump inhibitors: a pathological perspective In Western communities, the incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma continues to increase in an almost epidemic manner, greater than any other common epithelial malignancy. 1 2 There is therefore increasing interest in the treatment strategies that reduce reflux, especially of acid, into the oesophagus in an attempt to reduce the neoplastic potential of Barrett's oesophagus/columnar lined oesophagus (CLO), the most important predisposing factor for oesophageal adenocarcinoma.The eVect of surgical antireflux procedures on CLO is still controversial with no clear evidence of regression of CLO after these procedures.There is also no evidence that acid lowering drugs such as the H 2 blockers can reverse the glandular metaplasia of CLO.The eYcacy of the powerful acid reducing agents, the proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), in causing regression of CLO is also controversial.Although many believe that these drugs have no great eVect on CLO and most accept that these drugs do not result in complete regression of CLO, in a recent issue of Gut, Peters and colleagues 3 have shown that high dose PPI therapy does result in partial endoscopic regression of CLO.Perhaps because of the lack of measurable success in treating CLO with acid reflux lowering procedures, there has been a veritable explosion of interest in ablative techniques, including laser, photodynamic therapy and argon beam therapy, in an attempt to reverse the glandular phenotype.This article explores the pathophysiological mechanisms behind these treatment strategies and reviews the pathological changes that result.
Does competence of general practitioners predict their performance? Comparison between examination setting and actual practice.
Authors: J J Rethans, F Sturmans, R Drop, C van der Vleuten, P Hobus
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To study the differences and the relation between what a doctor actually does in daily practice (performance) and what he or she is capable of doing (competence) by using national standards for general practice. DESIGN--General practitioners were consulted by four standardised (simulated) patients portraying four different cases during normal surgery hours. Later the doctors participated in a controlled practice test, for which they were asked to perform to the best of their ability. In the test they saw exactly the same standardised cases but in different patients. The patients reported on the consultations. SETTING--Province of Limburg, the Netherlands. SUBJECTS--442 general practitioners invited by a letter. 137 (31%) agreed to participate, of whom 36 were selected and visited. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Number of actions taken during the consultations across complaints and for each category of complaint: the competence and performance total scores. Combination of scores with duration of consultations (efficiency-time score). Correlation between scores in the competence and performance part. RESULTS--Mean (SD) total score across complaints for competence was 49% higher than in the performance test (81.8 (11) compared with 54.7 (10.1), p less than 0.0001). The Pearson correlation across complaints between the competence total score and the performance total score of the participating physicians was -0.04 (not significant). When efficiency and consultation time of the consultations were taken into account, the correlation was 0.45 (p less than 0.01). CONCLUSIONS--Assessment of competence under examination circumstances can have predictive value for performance in actual practice only when factors such as efficiency and consultation time are taken into account. Below standard performance of physicians does not necessarily reflect a lack of competence. Performance and competence should be considered as distinct constructs.
Radiologic Examination of Xanthomas.
Authors: David H. Blankenhorn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Radiologic Examination of Xanthomas.David H. Blankenhorn, M.D., F.A.C.P., Harvey I. Meyers, M.D.David H. Blankenhorn, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Harvey I. Meyers, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1100_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThis Report describes 1 year's experience with a radiographic method to detect and measure Achilles tendon xanthomas. Lateral films exposed with tabletop soft-tissue technique to show the entire length of tendon from calcaneous to gastrocnemius are made with a standard position of X-ray tube and leg. Measurement of maximum tendon dimensions distinguishes patients with Achilles xanthomas from nonxanthomatous hyperlipoproteinemic patients and normocholesterolemic individuals. Achilles tendon xanthomas are characteristic of type II and type III hyperlipoproteinemia in addition to type V hyperlipoproteinemia secondary to diabetes. The usual Achilles xanthoma is an irregular thickening that can appear anywhere between calcaneous and gastrocnemius.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Los Angeles, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1100-1100KeywordsGastroenterology and hepatologyTendonsType 2 diabetes Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF DownloadLoading ...
The Citadel of the Senses and Other Essays
Authors: David Goldblatt
Journal: JAMA (1986)

It is over 20 years since Macdonald Critchley began his collations,<sup>1</sup>and seven since he invited us to<i>The Divine Banquet of the Brain</i>.<sup>2</sup>With his new book—to judge it by its cover, which is embossed in the same elegant script as the last one—he intends to prolong the feast, but his 30 essays provide more than a month of sundaes. Critchley never gives his readers just desserts; even his lightest offering shows the courage of his confections. Favorite subjects reappear: aphasia, migraine, neurosyphilis, Samuel Johnson, Hughlings Jackson, and Alphonse Daudet. He continues his fascination with Oscar Wilde. The writing is lean. Critchley dislikes "bafflegab." He follows one loftysounding quotation with the comment, "Frankly, such a remark means little, and one is left wondering what he was trying to say." He even hints at a resemblance between the babble of a "dement," as quoted in a certain scientific
Obesity and postoperative complications of abdominal operation.
Authors: J. S. Garrow, E. J. Hastings, A. G. Cox, W. R. North, M. Gibson, T. M. Thomas, T. W. Meade
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Revue concernant 473 malades parmi lesquels 31 hommes et 42 femmes sont obeses, soumis a des interventions abdominales. Les infections des plaies sont plus frequentes chez les obeses. D'autres complications (thrombose veineuse profonde, autres infections) ne sont pas plus frequentes dans ce groupe
Forum Two: Unanswered Research Questions about Metabolic Control in Non-Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: John A. Colwell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

The participants of Forum Two addressed the unanswered research questions about metabolic control and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The most compelling issue was the effect of metabolic control on both the development and progression of macrovascular disease in patients with NIDDM. Associated questions that could be answered by a well-controlled clinical trial related to the goal of blood glucose control in NIDDM in the elderly and in persons with clinical vascular disease. The specific suggestion was a trial similar to the Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study on Glycemic Control and Complications in NIDDM. Another important research issue that was discussed was the benefit of treating other risk factors such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia in diabetic patients. Yet another area discussed was the study of health services delivery to examine the best care-delivery methods for diabetes and other chronic diseases. Other areas of discussion centered on basic research, that is, the fundamental cause of insulin resistance and the genetics of NIDDM and the loss of protection against atherosclerosis in postmenopausal women with diabetes.
The Question of a Helminthic Cause of Preeclampsia
Authors: Frank O. Richards
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Two recent reports have suggested that wormlike structures characteristic of helminths are associated with preeclampsia. We identified these vermiform structures in toluidine blue O-stained venous blood smears from four women with preeclampsia, cord blood taken at delivery of three of their neonates, and venous blood from five control subjects without preeclampsia and from five healthy beagle dogs. The structures, which had diameters between 30 and 670 μm, could not be concentrated by passing the blood through a 12-μm filter, yet they could be demonstrated in stained smears prepared from blood that had been filtered. We conclude that these structures are not helminths; they are most likely artifacts of staining. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:2970-2972)
Diuretic effect of frusemide in patients with nephrotic syndrome: is it potentiated by intravenous albumin?
Authors: F. Akcicek, T. Yalniz, A. Basci, E. Ok, E. J D. Mees
Journal: BMJ (1995)

We investigated the claim that infusion of albumin potentiates the diuretic effect of frusemide in patients with the nephrotic syndrome.1

We selected 12 inpatients with the nephrotic syndrome according to two criteria: (a) failure to lose weight after bed rest and a 40 mmol sodium diet and (b) presence of minimal lesions or a well preserved glomerular histology on renal biopsy. We gave each patient three treatments randomly from 8 am to noon, at intervals of at least two days—infusion of albumin 0.5 g/kg given as a 20% solution for four hours; infusion of frusemide 60 mg bolus followed by 40 mg/h for four hours; and a combined treatment of both types of infusion. We collected urine on the treatment days from 8 am to 2 pm and …
Predicting stress in general practitioners: 10 year follow up postal survey
Authors: J. Firth-Cozens
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Objective: To estimate the miscarriage rate in a cohort of pregnant women and the final outcome of pregnancy.Design: Two year prospective community study.Setting: Women registered with four semirural practices at one health centre.Subjects: 626 pregnant women from a population 21 448, 5140 of whom were women aged 15-44 years. Main outcome measures: Vaginal bleeding and outcome of pregnancy.Results: 76 of the 89 women with an unwanted pregnancy requested a termination.In the 550 ongoing pregnancies bleeding occurred before the 20th week in 117 (21%), and 67 (12%) ended in miscarriage.The risk of miscarriage was not significantly increased after a miscarriage in the previous pregnancy (11 (15%) women had miscarriage v 55 (12%) women who had not had miscarriage) who had previously had a live birth).Of the 117 women with bleeding, 64 were not admitted to hospital by the general practitioner; 42 of these women had an ultrasound examination at the health centre and 19 subsequently miscarried at home.In hospital 41 of 46 women who miscarried had evacuation of the uterus.Conclusions: Bleeding occurred in one fifth of recognised pregnancies before the 20th week and over half of these miscarried.Treatment of women with miscarriage at home means current statistics on miscarriage in Britain are missing many cases.
17-beta-estradiol increases mitogenic activity of medium from cultured preadipocytes of massively obese persons.
Authors: S C Cooper, D A Roncari
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Having reported that omental preadipocytes from massively obese persons release into the culture medium proteins mitogenic for preadipocytes, this study aimed to determine whether estrogens contribute to the production of these factors. Sub-cultured omental preadipocytes from 13 massively obese women were grown in the presence or absence of 17-beta-estradiol, and during the last 24 h the conditioned medium was prepared in the absence of serum. Media from cells of 8 of 13 subjects contained significantly higher mitogenic activity when grown in the presence of 17-beta-estradiol. 17-Alpha-estradiol was not effective. The bioassay system involved rat perirenal preadipocytes, since these have been well characterized. Partial purification by gel filtration chromatography indicated that the estrogen-dependent factors had Mr greater than 250,000 and approximately 30,000. Thus, estrogens might contribute to the development of massive obesity in genetically susceptible subjects by promoting the production of paracrine/autocrine principles by adipose cells.
Alemtuzumab Therapy for Leukemic Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Rei Watanabe, Jessica E. Teague, David C. Fisher, Thomas S. Kupper, Rachael A. Clark
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

A energy exposure from commercial 5 nail polish drying devices would fall within the estimated range determined to be potentially carcinogenic. 1,2,4 However, considering the low UV-A energy exposure in an average manicure visit, multiple visits would be required to reach the threshold for potential DNA damage.Although the in vivo risk from multiple manicure visits remains untested, our data suggest that, even with numerous exposures, the risk for carcinogenesis remains small.That said, we concur with previous authors in recommending use of physical blocking sunscreens or UV-A protective gloves to limit the risk of carcinogenesis and photoaging.
Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Drosophila melanogaster Myosins
Authors: George Tzolovsky, Hadas Millo, Stephen Pathirana, Timothy Wood, Mary Bownes
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

Myosins constitute a superfamily of motor proteins that convert energy from ATP hydrolysis into mechanical movement along the actin filaments. Phylogenetic analysis currently places myosins into 17 classes based on class-specific features of their conserved motor domain. Traditionally, the myosins have been divided into two classes depending on whether they form monomers or dimers. The conventional myosin of muscle and nonmuscle cells forms class II myosins. They are complex molecules of four light chains bound to two heavy chains that form bipolar filaments via interactions between their coiled-coil tails (type II). Class I myosins are smaller monomeric myosins referred to as unconventional myosins. Now, at least 15 other classes of unconventional myosins are known.
The gall stone debate. Develop the surgery...
Authors: R C Russell
Journal: BMJ (1993)

We have examined the drug consumption of a random sample of 20 patients suffering from chronic pain of diverse causes who were admitted to a pain management programme this year.The mean age of the patients was 47 1 years, and they had had pain for a mean of 9-6 years.The average cost per person of prescription drugs related to their pain (including analgesics, psychotropic drugs, antidepressants, and muscle relaxants) on entry to the programme was £5.32 a week.After four weeks' cognitive behavioural treatment, during which the patients were encouraged to reduce and stop all classes of drugs, 11 of the patients had stopped all their drugs and the average cost per person among the remainder was £1.57 a week.This represents a mean saving across the group of £4.61 per person per week, or £240 a year.This is concomitant with considerable improvements in functional, psychological, and quality of life measures.Our long term follow up data on a much larger group of patients suggest that on discharge 58% have been able to come off all drugs and that this has increased to 65% at one month of follow up.2By six months the figure has fallen to 50%.This suggests that patients do not return to using drugs in the longer term.Given that it has been estimated that 1 1% of the population suffer from chronic pain and that 70% of these take painkilling drugs,' the savings across Britain could be substantial.Patients with chronic pain represent a substantial proportion of most general practitioners' workload.Medicines are often prescribed for want of more effective treatment, but these are continued long term, often with the dose being increased and side effects developing.We suggest that long term use of all classes of drugs in chronic benign pain should be questioned by frequent analysis of the benefit to individual patients.Behavioural approaches show that worthwhile functional improvement can be achieved without the use of drugs.
Jejunal Feeding Tube Causing Intestinal Pneumatosis and Fulminant Portal Venous Gas Embolism
Authors: P. Lebiedz, H. Ullerich, M. Seelig, W. Domschke, T. Kucharzik
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Intestinal pneumatosis and gas in the portomesenteric vein are most often associated with intestinal infarction, necrotic small bowel, or gastric volvulus [1] [2]. Surgical treatment should be considered in symptomatic patients [3].