tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SOME HORMONAL ASPECTS OF WATER EXCRETION IN MAN 1
Authors: Alexander Leaf, Audley R. Mamby, Howard Rasmussen, Joan P. Marasco
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1952)

In 1918 von Hann (1) suggested, as a result of her post mortem studies in man, that destruction of the posterior pituitary caused diabetes insipidus only if significant portions of the anterior pituitary gland remained intact.This observation has been supported by other workers who noted that in ex- perimental diabetes insipidus, destruction of the anterior pituitary resulted in decrease in the poly- uria and polydipsia (2-7).In 1935 Mahoney and Sheehan (8) showed that experimental diabetes insipidus in the dog can be ameliorated by thyroidectomy and the polyuria can be reestablished by thyroid feeding.Fisher, Ingram and Ranson (9) confirmed this result in experimental diabetes insipidus as have others (6, 7, 10-14).Similar relationships for adrenal corti- cal activity to the diabetes insipidus state have been claimed (15, 16) and much has been said regarding the diuretic action of adrenal hormones (16, 17).It should be stressed that all this work was done on animals in which the degree of poly- uria and polydipsia was the sole criterion of the diabetes insipidus state.This study was done on a patient who had, in addition to well documented neurohypophyseal in- sufficiency, evidence of some concomitant anterior pituitary failure.The purpose of this paper is to reemphasize the physiological defect in diabetes insipidus; and to study its relationship to solute loading, thyroid, adrenal, and anterior pituitary function.The findings clearly show that poly- uria and polydipsia are not necessary accompani- ments of insufficiency of the supraopticohypophy- seal system and suggest that the anterior pituitary,
L-Dopa Stimulation of Glucagon Secretion in Man
Authors: Elliot J. Rayfield, David T. George, Harvey L. Eichner, T. H. Hsu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

ALTHOUGH orally administered L-dopa induces the release of plasma growth hormone and elevates plasma glucose levels in man,1 , 2 its effect on plasma glucagon has not been determined. We have recently reported that after a rapid intravenous injection of 10 mg per kilogram of L-dopa in the rhesus monkey, a prompt and statistically significant increase of plasma glucagon occurred, preceding the increase in plasma growth hormone.3 This finding is consistent with the following observations: L-dopa is a precursor in catecholamine biosynthesis4; electrical stimulation of the autonomic nerves innervating the pancreas of the dog results in augmented pancreatoduodenal-vein glucagon output5; . . .
Base-rate respect: From ecological rationality to dual processes
Authors: Aron K. Barbey, Steven A. Sloman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract The phenomenon of base-rate neglect has elicited much debate. One arena of debate concerns how people make judgments under conditions of uncertainty. Another more controversial arena concerns human rationality. In this target article, we attempt to unpack the perspectives in the literature on both kinds of issues and evaluate their ability to explain existing data and their conceptual coherence. From this evaluation we conclude that the best account of the data should be framed in terms of a dual-process model of judgment, which attributes base-rate neglect to associative judgment strategies that fail to adequately represent the set structure of the problem. Base-rate neglect is reduced when problems are presented in a format that affords accurate representation in terms of nested sets of individuals.
196. Role of Kupffer Cells in Hepatic Transgene Expression Mediated by Intrabiliary Infusion of Nonviral Vectors
Authors: Hui Dai, Xuan Jiang, Yong Chen, Hai-Quan Mao, Kam W. Leong
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Different strategies have been proposed to increase and prolong liver-targeted transgene expression using non-viral vectors. Hepatic Kupffer cells (KCs) are known to eliminate a large proportion of i.v.-injected vector particles and contribute to innate immune responses following viral and non-viral vector administration. Recently, we have shown that KCs play an important role in limiting gene transfer in hepatocytes by DNA nanoparticles or naked DNA1. Transient depletion of KCs by clodronate liposomes, for example, enhances transgene expression in the liver by 14,510-, 100- and 2,020-fold in rats received intrabiliary infusion of PEI/DNA nanoparticles, chitosan/DNA nanoparticles and naked DNA, respectively. To better understand the mechanism of this phenomenon, in this study we selectively blocked the activity of transcriptional factor NK-|[kappa]|B in KCs using NF-|[kappa]|B/decoy/ODN liposomes 24 hours prior to intrabiliary infusion of plasmid DNA. Sequences of the double-stranded phosphorothioate ODNs used as NF-|[kappa]|B decoy were 5|[prime]|-CCTTGAAGGGATTTCCCTCC-3|[prime]| and 3|[prime]|-GGAACTTCCCTAAAGGGAGG-5|[prime]| (consensus sequences are underlined)2. This pretreatment yielded more than 200-fold higher gene expression than non-treatment group. We also inhibited TNF-|[alpha]|, one of the major proinflammatory cytokines secreted by KCs upon activation, by pentoxifylline 30 min before intrabiliary infusion of DNA nanoparticles or naked DNA. This pretreatment increased luciferase expression by more than 60-fold for the naked DNA group, and about 12-fold for the chitosan/DNA nanoparticle and PEI/DNA nanoparticle groups. While this suggests the inhibitory role of TNF-|[alpha]| in vivo, its role in transfection of primary rat hepatocytes in vitro was not as obvious. Instead, the in vitro transfection was clearly inhibited by a conditioned medium containing cytokines released by KCs upon activation by LPS. Taken together, this study showed that, following intrabiliary infusion of DNA nanoparticles or naked DNA, proinflammatory cytokines secreted by activated KCs may act collectively to reduce or inhibit the transgene expression in hepatocytes. This reduction in transgene expression might be related to the inactivation of CMV promoter involving KC-released cytokines such as TNF-|[alpha]| and IFN-|[gamma]|. In summary, this study suggests that, in addition to sequestration, proinflammatory cytokines secreted by activated KCs play an important role in modulating transgene expression in the liver. (See Figure)
Study of dust mites in three Birmingham hospitals.
Authors: M E Blythe, F Al Ubaydi, J D Williams, J M Smith
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Samples of dust were collected from wards in a general hospital, a geriatric hospital, and a skin hospital. Mites were found on the floors of all three hospitals; Surprisingly, the skin hospital showed fewer mites than the general hospital. The differences were attributed to the variation in ward activity, the number of visitors on the wards, and the differing cleaning regimens. Plastic-covered mattresses were almost completely free from mites, but foci were found on soft furnishings and on the jackets and overcoats of hospital workers. The total numbers of mites were small compared to those found in house dust, and hospital mites probably do not consitute a serious problem for asthmatic patients.
The Allocation and Rationing of High-Cost Services-Reply
Authors: James P. LoGerfo
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The letter by Franklin et al concerns an important caveat to our conclusions and one that is clearly identified in our article. Our data were insufficient to comment on the effect of ICU bed availability on decisions about patients never admitted to the ICU. The ideal study on this subject would evaluate all admissions to the ICU and, as stated in their letter, "every patient who could be an ICU candidate." This latter group of patients is potentially very large, including those hospitalized in a non-ICU setting and patients and potential patients elsewhere in the community. Although their analysis suggests that hospital mortality drops when more ICU beds are made available, the findings are inconclusive. Their use of a historical control group, combined with the statement that "other treatment variables did not change," makes the results difficult to interpret. The changing nature of medical practice in the 1980s,
Crisis Intervention Program in Newly Diagnosed Diabetic Children
Authors: Avinoam Galatzer, Shoshana Amir, Ruth Gil, Moshe Karp, Zvi Laron
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

A group of 223 insulin-dependent diabetic patients, aged 7–24 yr, who had been under the regular care of our clinic up to 15 yr, were rated by two independent judges on a two-level scale of adjustment and maladjustment. The patients were divided into two groups. Group A (N = 107) comprised those who had been under care from diagnosis of the disease and had been subjected to the special crisis intervention program offered to every family upon referral of a newly diagnosed patient. Group B (N = 116) comprised patients who were diagnosed and treated initially in a clinic that had no crisis intervention program. Significant differences between the two groups were found in respect to three of the four aspects studied, i.e., compliance, familial relationships, and sociability, with group A showing a better adjustment than group B. There was no significant difference in the fourth aspect studied, i.e., school achievement and work performance. It was found that it took three times the effort, i.e., the time invested in counseling and psychotherapeutic measures, to bring group B to a good level of adjustment than it did to achieve similar results with group A. It is suggested that the initial period after diagnosis of diabetes in a child should be considered a period of crisis, requiring special muitidisciplinary services to reduce future psychosocial maladjustments and improve compliance.
Biofuel and energy crops: high-yield Saccharinae take center stage in the post-genomics era
Authors: Savio de Siqueira Ferreira, Milton Yutaka Nishiyama, Andrew H Paterson, Glaucia Mendes Souza
Journal: Genome biology (2013)

The Saccharinae, especially sugarcane, Miscanthus and sorghum, present remarkable characteristics for bioenergy production. Biotechnology of these plants will be important for a sustainable feedstock supply. Herein, we review knowledge useful for their improvement and synergies gained by their parallel study.
Global Bioethics: The Collapse of Consensus
Authors: Theodore Fleischer
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Injuries of the knee joint.
Authors: Carroll B. Larson
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Five thousand meniscectomies, well studied and documented by the author, constitute an experience that allows for broad statistical comparisons of each and every type of meniscal tear and its probable mechanism of production. Associated injuries of ligaments and likely sequelae are clearly categorized as to expectations from normal repair, while abundant diagnostic hints indicate the circumstances when these expectations can be improved by surgical repair. Perhaps the greatest value of the book is the author's instructive chapter on "Surgical Anatomy and Physiology of the Menisci," which creates an image that makes the remainder of the book easy reading. The tables of incidence, the predictability of outcome, and the likelihood or accuracy of diagnosis would, in themselves, serve as yardsticks of expectations against which to judge the individual case. Any doctor or medical team who encounters knee injuries, whether sustained from sports or industry, must have this book available. The volume
DOE Proposes New Training in Radiation Research
Authors: Dana Swartzberg
Journal: JAMA (1995)

TO ENSURE the future of radiation research, the Department of Energy (DOE) plans to select a US-based university or consortium of universities for a new training program intended to aid the next generation of scientists in caring for patients exposed to radiation. The program would create a center of excellence for training doctoral or postdoctoral candidates in such research fields as radioepidemiology, biostatistics, and radiobiology. Considerable training in radiation science now exists in institutions such as national laboratories and academic health physics programs, but the number of doctoral degrees awarded in health physics and radiation protection has decreased by more than half since 1975, DOE officials say. "We plan to take a strong, interdepartmental approach to environmental science, which is lacking today," says Paul Seligman, MD, MPH, the DOE's deputy assistant secretary for health studies. "In the process, we hope to bring about renewed interest in radiation science." Seligman says
Systemic lupus erythematosus in childhood.
Authors: F Caeiro, F.M Michielson, R Bernstein, G.R Hughes, B.M Ansell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

The clinical and serological features have been analysed retrospectively in 42 patients with an onset of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) up to 16 years of age. Thirty-seven (88.1%) were female and 5 (11.9%) male. The mean age of onset was 12.3 years (range 7-16); 11 patients were 10 years or under. The mean duration of disease from diagnosis was 7.1 years (range 6 months-25 years). There were 6 deaths, 3 from infection, 2 from renal failure, and 1 from heart failure. Survival was calculated both from the date of onset and from the date of diagnosis. With the latter the estimated overall survival at 5 years was 82.6% and at 10 years 76.1%. The survival for patients with lupus nephritis was 59.5% at 5 years and 47.6% at 10 years. These data suggests that SLE in childhood is not necessarily associated with a poor prognosis, though renal involvement is still serious. There appeared to be no major differences between prepubertal, adolescent, and adult SLE with respect to clinical and serological findings.
Learning from low income countries: what are the lessons?: Partnerships in mental health are possible without multidisciplinary teams
Authors: Nisha Dogra, Olayinka O Omigbodun
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—In the United Kingdom a generic specialist multidisciplinary mental health service for children and adolescents at tier 3, with teaching responsibilities, providing evidence based interventions for 0-17 year olds, would need a minimum of 20 whole time equivalents per 100 000 population.1 In the university hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria, one child psychiatrist serves a population of three million …
Survival (time to event) data II
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Last week’s question described survival (time to event) data.1 The example used was a randomised controlled trial, which compared the effectiveness of an integrated care programme with usual care in facilitating the return to work for patients with chronic low back pain.2 The integrated care programme was a combined patient and workplace directed intervention. Trial participants were adults aged 18-65 years who had had low back pain for more than 12 weeks, were in paid work, and were absent or partially absent from work. The primary outcome was duration of time off work after randomisation until a fully sustained return to work. Trial participants were followed for 12 months (figure⇓).



Kaplan-Meier survival curves for the integrated and usual care interventions of the time until a fully sustained return to work for patients with chronic low back pain

Which of the …
Fatal toxicity of serotoninergic and other antidepressant drugs: analysis of United Kingdom mortality data
Authors: N. A Buckley
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Several studies over the past 15 years have compared the number of fatal poisonings due to antidepressant drugs in the United Kingdom with drug use statistics to derive a fatal toxicity index: deaths per million prescriptions. 1 2 Greater than 10-fold differences in the index have been shown between tricyclic antidepressants and even larger differences between some tricyclics and newer antidepressants. Explanations have focused on preference for noradrenaline or serotonin reuptake blockade, although only weak correlations have been observed2 and the explanation is toxicologically implausible.1 In the late 1990s the use of newer serotoninergic antidepressants increased dramatically. Some data show that venlafaxine in particular may not be as safe in overdose as other serotoninergic drugs, with reports of deaths, arrhythmias, and seizures.3 We aimed to establish the relative frequency with which venlafaxine and other new antidepressants result in fatal poisoning.

View this table:

Fatal …
Abstract 343: Inhibitory effect of oncolytic adenovirus on transforming growth factor- β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human cancer cells
Authors: Yuuri Hashimoto, Hiroshi Tazawa, Yasuo Urata, Shunsuke Kagawa, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a tumor progression-related process by which epithelial cells lose their epithelial characteristics and acquire mesenchymal properties. EMT promotes the malignant phenotypes including invasion, metastasis and drug resistance, resulting in tumor recurrence and poor prognosis. Therefore, to prevent tumor progression, EMT targeted therapy is required. Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising strategy for anticancer therapy. Although a variety of oncolytic adenoviruses have been developed to induce tumor-selective cell death, the effect of oncolytic adenovirus on the EMT-induced tumor progression remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the biological effect of oncolytic adenovirus on EMT in human cancer cells. Methods: We previously generated a telomerase-specific replication-selective oncolytic adenovirus (OBP-301; Telomelysin), in which the human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter drives the expression of E1A and E1B for virus replication. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was used to induce EMT in human lung (A549) and pancreatic (Panc-1) cancer cells. To investigate whether OBP-301 infection affects TGF-β-induced EMT in these cells, western blot and real-time PCR analysis for EMT-related markers were performed. We also examined cell mobility using transwell migration and invasion assays. In vitro antitumor effect of OBP-301 and chemotherapeutic agents in TGF-β-treated cancer cells were assessed by trypan blue exclusion assay. Results: Administration of TGF-β induced mesenchymal characteristics, including spindle-like cell morphology, down-regulation of E-cadherin, up-regulation of vimentin and high motility, in A549 and Panc-1 cells. When TGF-β-treated cancer cells were infected with OBP-301, suppression of E-cadherin expression was attenuated. Conversely, the expression levels of mesenchymal markers, vimentin and N-cadherin, and EMT-inducing transcription factors, Snail, Slug and ZEB1, were reduced. OBP-301 infection also inhibited TGF-β-induced enhancement of migration and invasion in cancer cells. Moreover, OBP-301 efficiently killed TGF-β-treated cancer cells, whereas TGF-β-treated cancer cells were resistant to cisplatin and docetaxel. Conclusion: Our results suggest that telomerase-specific oncolytic adenovirus OBP-301 inhibits TGF-β-induced EMT in human cancer cells. OBP-301 has therapeutic potential against cancer cells that have undergone EMT. Therefore, OBP-301 might be a promising anticancer agent to suppress EMT-mediated cancer progression and metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 343. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-343
Intravenous micafungin versus voriconazole for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis: A multicenter trial in Japan
Authors: Shigeru Kohno, Koichi Izumikawa, Kenji Ogawa, Atsuyuki Kurashima, Niro Okimoto, Ryoichi Amitani, Hiroshi Kakeya, Yoshihito Niki, Yoshitsugu Miyazaki
Journal: Journal of Infection (2010)
1265 FEMALE MOUSE LIVERS ARE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO OXIDATIVE STRESS THAN MALE LIVERS IN CAFETERIA DIET-INDUCED OBESE MICE
Authors: E.L. Ishii-Iwamoto, F.R.S. Gasparin, F.O. Carreño, J. Mewes, C.V. Castro-Ghizoni, J.F. Comar, I.C. Gaemers, R.P.J.O. Elferink, J. Constantin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Defect in insulin binding to receptors in obese man. Amelioration with calorie restriction.
Authors: J A Archer, P Gorden, J Roth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

With insulin at 0.1 ng/ml, the binding of (125I)insulin in vitro to circulating lymphocytes from 11 obese patients was less than that observed with cells from 10 thin volunteers. Furthermore, with obese cells, unlabeled insulin was less effective in competing with labeled hormone for binding, both at low and high concentrations of unlabeled insulin. These differences were not accounted for by the high concentrations of insulin in the circulation of the obese patients at the time fthe blood was drawn, or by differences in degradation of hormone, or in the characteristics of the cell population. The decrease in binding appears to be due to a lowering of the receptor concentration, but some loss of affinity has not been excluded. Institution of a calorie restricted diet (nine patients) which ameliorated the hyperinsulinemia, produced an improvement in hormone binding. Since the insulin receptors of lymphocytes in metabolic disorders seem to reflect the state of insulin receptors or target cells such as liver and fat, the lymphocytes or other leukocytes appear to be ideal for studies of impaired cell responsiveness to hormones in man.
Recombinant human activated protein C inhibits integrin-mediated neutrophil migration
Authors: Gwendolyn F. Elphick, Pranita P. Sarangi, Young-Min Hyun, Joseph A. Hollenbaugh, Alfred Ayala, Walter L. Biffl, Hung-Li Chung, Alireza R. Rezaie, James L. McGrath, David J. Topham, Jonathan S. Reichner, Minsoo Kim
Journal: Blood (2009)