tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P1-02-03: JAM-2, Junctional Adhesion Molecule-2 Influences the Adhesion and Migration of Vascular Endothelial Cell
Authors: N Al-Mrabt, TA Martin, WG Jiang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background. Junctional Adhesion Molecule (JAM)-2, is a protein that belong to the JAM Ig superfamily. JAM-2 is primarily found in vascular endothelial and epithelial cells and considered key to the making of the brain blood barrier (BBB). JAM-2 is located in the tight junction region in the cells and, via the homotypic interactions, regulates the rolling and adhesion of lymphocytes, NK cells, dendritic cells and platelets over the endothelium lining in the blood stream. It has also been indicated to possibly influence the rolling of tumours cells over endothelial cells. Little is known with regard to the biological influence of JAM-2 on endothelial cells. In the present study, we investigated the impact of JAM-2 on the biological behaviour of vascular endothelial cells. Materials and methods. Human vascular endothelia cell, HECV was used. Anti-JAM-2 ribozyme transgenes were constructed based on the secondary structure of human JAM-2 and were used to transfect HECV cells in order to knock down the expression of JAM-2 in the cells. The attachment of the cells to matrix surface and the cellular migration were determined using a Electric Cell-substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) method. The tight junction function, trans-endothelial electric resistance (TER) was evaluated using a two chamber cell model with an EVOM voltammeter. In vitro tubule forming was assessed using a sandwich tubule forming assay. Results. The Vascular endothelial cell, HECV, expressed JAM-2 in its wild type as shown by RT-PCR. We created JAM-2 knockdown sublines, HECVΔJAM2, by way of ribozyme transgenes. Knocking down JAM-2 resulted in a rapid rise of cell adhesion (297.7±8.4 in control cells, P&amp;lt;0.0001 vs 364.9±19.7 in ohm vs HECVΔJAM2 cells, at 4000Hz), over a 2 hour period. Likewise, HECVΔJAM2 cells displayed a rapid rise in cellular migration when compared with control cells. This was observed over a wide frequencies (250-10,000Hz) (1046.5±8.9 for control cells and 1139.4±24.0 for HECVΔJAM2 cells at 250Hz, P&amp;lt;0.001).It is interesting to note that there was no significant difference in TER in control cells and HECVΔJAM2 (p=0.116). In the tubule forming assay, it was demonstrated that HECVΔJAM2 formed less tubules in comparison with control cells, although this is not statistically significant (p=0.061), Conclusion. JAM-2 has a profound impact on the adhesion and cellular migration of endothelial cells. It also influences the transendothelial resistance and tubule forming of the cell, although to a lesser content. Together with the knowledge on its role in lymphocyte/tumour-endothelial interaction, JAM-2 may have a role in the extravasation process of cancer cells. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-02-03.
A CASE OF NON-OPERATIVE CURE OF ACUTE PYONEPHROSIS.
Authors: ALEX C. WEINER
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Mrs. X., 28 years of age, had always enjoyed vigorous health. Six weeks before I saw her she had a miscarriage and unfortunately became infacted on the removal of the fetus. Then, upon advice she underwent a laparotomy, because an extra-uterine pregnancy had been diagnosed. This, however, proved to be an error, and after three weeks she was sent home. Ten days later, by request of the sister of Mrs. N., a trained nurse, I was called, and found the patient with the apnearance of a pyemic condition, extremely pale, blue lips, cold sweats all over the body, several chills daily, sleeplessness and loss of appetite. The temperature had gradually risen to 104 degrees; pulse 130, weak and intermittent; urine scant and very concentrated, passing eight ounces in twenty-four hours, and containing a small quantity of pus, after filtration through sugar, no albumin was found. Internal examination revealed an acute metritis
Runner's `High'-Reply
Authors: David C. Levin
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I don't know whether Dr Partin agrees or not with my view that the RH is for all intents and purposes a nonexistent myth. His experiencing approximately three minutes of high during some 1,500 to 2,000 hours of running certainly provides little support for the whole concept. In any event, at least it seems like his father agrees with me. Dr Partin asks how I might explain the effects of β-endorphin secretion, since I deny the existence of the RH. This is an interesting problem. β-Endorphin secretion during exercise has been well verified in trained athletes; it seems reasonable to postulate that this could induce a euphoric state. My belief (and again, this is based on personal experience rather than any sort of scientific study) is that endorphins may well play an important role in the training effect, but do not actually produce a high, ie, as a
Cost-Effectiveness of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa
Authors: Motasim Badri, Gary Maartens, Sundhiya Mandalia, Linda-Gail Bekker, John R Penrod, Robert W Platt, Robin Wood, Eduard J Beck
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Background Little information exists on the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on health-care provision in South Africa despite increasing scale-up of access to HAART and gradual reduction in HAART prices. Methods and Findings Use and cost of services for 265 HIV-infected adults without AIDS (World Health Organization [WHO] stage 1, 2, or 3) and 27 with AIDS (WHO stage 4) receiving HAART between 1995 and 2000 in Cape Town were compared with HIV-infected controls matched for baseline WHO stage, CD4 count, age, and socioeconomic status, who did not receive antiretroviral therapy (ART; No-ART group). Costs of service provision (January 2004 prices, US$1 = 7.6 Rand) included local unit costs, and two scenarios for HAART prices for WHO recommended first-line regimens: scenario 1 used current South African public-sector ART drug prices of $730 per patient-year (PPY), whereas scenario 2 was based on the anticipated public-sector price for locally manufactured drug of $181 PPY. All analyses are presented in terms of patients without AIDS and patients with AIDS. For patients without AIDS, the mean number of inpatient days PPY was 1.08 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.97–1.19) for the HAART group versus 3.73 (95% CI: 3.55–3.97) for the No-ART group, and 8.71 (95% CI: 8.40–9.03) versus 4.35 (95% CI: 4.12–5.61), respectively, for mean number of outpatient visits PPY. Average service provision PPY was $950 for the No-ART group versus $1,342 and $793 PPY for the HAART group for scenario 1 and 2, respectively, whereas the incremental cost per life-year gained (LYG) was $1,622 for scenario 1 and $675 for scenario 2. For patients with AIDS, mean inpatients days PPY was 2.04 (95% CI: 1.63–2.52) for the HAART versus 15.36 (95% CI: 13.97–16.85) for the No-ART group. Mean outpatient visits PPY was 7.62 (95% CI: 6.81–8.49) compared with 6.60 (95% CI: 5.69–7.62) respectively. Average service provision PPY was $3,520 for the No-ART group versus $1,513 and $964 for the HAART group for scenario 1 and 2, respectively, whereas the incremental cost per LYG was cost saving for both scenarios. In a sensitivity analysis based on the lower (25%) and upper (75%) interquartile range survival percentiles, the incremental cost per LYG ranged from $1,557 to $1,772 for the group without AIDS and from cost saving to $111 for patients with AIDS. Conclusion HAART is a cost-effective intervention in South Africa, and cost saving when HAART prices are further reduced. Our estimates, however, were based on direct costs, and as such the actual cost saving might have been underestimated if indirect costs were also included.
The Billowing Mitral Valve Leaflet
Authors: NEVILLE BITTAR, JULIO A. SOSA
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Fourteen patients with billowing mitral valves have been studied. In 11 the abnormality was not accompanied by significant cardiac disability. In three, severe mitral insufficiency required mitral valve replacement. Pathological examination of the excised mitral valves showed myxomatous degeneration of mitral valve substance and chordae tendineae. Inhalation of amyl nitrite by the nine patients with late systolic murmurs resulted in a change from late systolic to pansystolic murmur in seven and to mid-systolic murmur in two. On the basis of the known effects of amyl nitrate, this response gives support to the concept that the critical pathogenetic factor is the degree of elongation of chordae tendineae.
Clinical Monoclonal B Lymphocytosis versus Rai 0 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Comparison of Cellular, Cytogenetic, Molecular, and Clinical Features
Authors: Fortunato Morabito, Laura Mosca, Giovanna Cutrona, Luca Agnelli, Giacomo Tuana, Manuela Ferracin, Barbara Zagatti, Marta Lionetti, Sonia Fabris, Francesco Maura, Serena Matis, Massimo Gentile, Ernesto Vigna, Monica Colombo, Carlotta Massucco, Anna Grazia Recchia, Sabrina Bossio, Laura De Stefano, Fiorella Ilariucci, Caterina Musolino, Stefano Molica, Francesco Di Raimondo, Agostino Cortelezzi, Pierfrancesco Tassone, Massimo Negrini, Sara Monti, Davide Rossi, Gianluca Gaidano, Manlio Ferrarini, Antonino Neri
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the incidence and clinical relevance of classic and new prognostic markers, IGHV gene mutational status, and chromosomal abnormalities in clinical monoclonal B lymphocytosis (cMBL) compared with Rai stage 0 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (Rai0-CLL). Experimental Design: A group of 136 patients with cMBL and a group of 216 Rai0-CLL cases were investigated prospectively. Results: IGHV-mutated cases were significantly more frequent among cMBLs (P = 0.005), whereas the distribution of CD38 and ZAP-70 positive cases, of patients with NOTCH1 and SF3B1 mutations or exhibiting the major CLL cytogenetic abnormalities, was similar in the two groups. Moreover, no significant differences were found either in IGHV/IGHD/IGHJ gene usage or in the overall prevalence of stereotyped IGHV gene sequences. Cells from cMBL and Rai0-CLL exhibited similar gene and microRNA (miRNA) signatures; in addition, when grouped according to the IGHV mutational status, IGHV-unmutated cases showed different transcriptional signatures compared with IGHV-mutated patients, irrespective of the cMBL or Rai0-CLL classification. cMBL diagnosis per se was predictive of longer progression-free survival. Conclusions: Our study based on a prospective series of patients indicates that no major differences exist between the circulating cells from cMBL and Rai0-CLL, at least based on a comparison of the markers used in the study. This possibly suggests that the two conditions mainly differ in the initial size of the monoclonal cell population, which may influence the subsequent timing of clonal expansion and clinical manifestations. Clin Cancer Res; 19(21); 5890–900. ©2013 AACR.
Development of Meningitis During Cephalothin Therapy
Authors: RICHARD J. MANGI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Five patients developed meningitis while receiving cephalothin. Three other cases of this complication have been previously reported. Patients with bacteremia and debilitating chronic disease seem to be more susceptible to meningitis. This complication appears to be due, among other possible factors, to poor penetration of cephalothin across the blood-brain barrier. Patients with bacteremia who are receiving cephalothin or any other antibiotic that does not easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier should be closely observed for the development of meningitis.
Hypertension and Low Plasma Renin Activity: Presumptive Evidence for Mineralocorticoid Excess
Authors: RICHARD F. SPARK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Twenty-three hypertensive patients were divided into two groups by measuring their plasma renin activity (PRA) after 4 hours in an upright posture. Eight patients with low PRA and a low aldosterone secretory rate responded to high-dose spironolactone therapy (400 mg/day for 5 weeks) with normalization of blood pressure and significant weight loss. Fifteen patients, who had normal PRA, did not as a group show any appreciable change in blood pressure or weight from this dose of spironolactone. Reduction of the dose of spironolactone to 100 mg/day resulted in weight gain and return of hypertension in the low-PRA patients. A minimum dose of 200 to 300 mg daily was required to maintain normotension. These studies suggest that an as yet unidentified mineralocorticoid, which could theoretically be responsible for the suppressed PRA and aldosterone secretory rate, may also be instrumental in the development of hypertension in these patients.
Adjuvant activity of CpG-ODN formulated as a liquid crystal
Authors: María F. Sánchez Vallecillo, Gabriela V. Ullio Gamboa, Santiago D. Palma, María F. Harman, Ana L. Chiodetti, Gabriel Morón, Daniel A. Allemandi, María C. Pistoresi-Palencia, Belkys A. Maletto
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
P131 CT emphysema score, dynamic hyperinflation and ventilatory efficiency during exercise in patients with COPD
Authors: D. Elia, N. Sverzellati, P. Tzani, M. Aiello, V. Vecchio, E. Marangio, A. Chetta
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Volumetric CT scan is used for evaluating the severity of emphysema in COPD patients. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether volumetric CT scan of emphysema may provide information on dynamic hyperinflation and ventilatory efficiency during exercise in COPD patients. <h3>Methods</h3> We studied 20 patients (5 F; age 67 yrs ±9; BMI 26 kg/m<sup>2</sup> ±4) with COPD. All patients performed baseline lung function test, chest CT scan and symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise test. Dynamic hyperinflation and ventilatory efficiency were expressed as the end-expiratory lung volume (EELV, in l) at peak exercise and as the slope of the relationship between minute ventilation (l/min) and carbon dioxide production (l/min) during exercise (VE/VCO<sub>2</sub>). Oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2</sub>, % pred), dyspnoea and leg fatigue perception (VAS in mm/workload in watts) at peak exercise were also measured. <h3>Results</h3> In all patients, a wide range of airflow obstruction was found (FEV<sub>1</sub>/VC range: 31%–68%). The volumetric CT scan score mean value of emphysema was 32.4%±8.6 (range 15–50%). We found a correlation between CT scan score and VE/VCO<sub>2</sub> (r=<i>0.511</i>, p=0.02), peak exercise EELV (r=<i>0.521</i>, p=0.03), and peak VO<sub>2</sub> (% pred) (r=−<i>0.617</i>, p=0.004). Furthermore, the volumetric CT scan score was related to dyspnoea (r=<i>0.458</i>, p=0.04) and leg fatigue perception (r=<i>0.566</i>, p=0.009). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our study shows that the presence of emphysema, as assessed by volumetric CT scan, is associated to dynamic hyperinflation and poor ventilatory efficiency during exercise. Additionally, in our patients a reduced aerobic capacity and an increase in dyspnoea and leg fatigue on exertion were associated to high CT score.
Prognostic Value of Changes in N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Val-HeFT (Valsartan Heart Failure Trial)
Authors: Serge Masson, Roberto Latini, Inder S. Anand, Simona Barlera, Laura Angelici, Tarcisio Vago, Gianni Tognoni, Jay N. Cohn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
UK website publishes cardiac surgery survival rates
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Patients in England and Wales needing cardiac surgery can now use a website to compare survival rates in different surgical units to inform their choice of where to have their operation.

Launched last week, the website gives details of survival rates for all cardiac surgery combined and individually for coronary artery bypass graft and aortic valve replacement surgery (the two most common types of heart operation) for units in England and Wales between April 2004 and March 2005. Units in Scotland will be included in the next few months.

The data show whether the rate of survival is within the expected range. The overall survival rate from April 2004 to March 2005 was 96.6%—well above the expected range of 93.7% to 94.5%. The figures were adjusted for the type of patients treated and how old or sick they were before surgery.

The website was …
Laboratory and radiological investigations in general practice. I-Type requested and rate of use.
Authors: K A Mills, P M Reilly
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The use that 30 general practitioners in four group practices made of open access laboratory and radiological facilities was studied for one year. We were particularly interested in whether general practitioners hoped to exclude rather than confirm abnormality when requesting investigations. All but two of the general practitioners studied used investigations to exclude abnormality to a greater extent than to confirm it. The rate at which the practices investigated patients and the number of investigations requested were appreciably different and were different for individual general practitioners, part time general practitioners requesting more investigations than trainees and full time general practitioners. Haematological investigations accounted for over 30% of requests for investigations in all but one practice, biochemical investigations being requested as often as bacteriological investigations in two of the four practices. The ratio of expected to unexpected results varied among general practitioners; no general practitioner had more unexpected results and the range of ratios was similar for full time and part time general practitioners and for trainees. The proportion of patients with abnormalities uncovered by each practice increased disproportionately as the use of investigations increased, supporting a higher rather than lower rate of investigation among general practitioners. Compared with the results of other studies the use of the radiological facilities available was low. X ray examinations of the skeleton were requested more than chest and contrast media examinations by three of the four practices. Most x ray examinations were used to exclude rather than confirm abnormality by all the practices, with over 85% of results confirming the general practitioner's initial diagnosis.
Campylobacter colitis: histological immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings.
Authors: J P van Spreeuwel, G C Duursma, C J Meijer, R Bax, P C Rosekrans, J Lindeman
Journal: Gut (1985)

The colonic biopsy specimens of 22 patients with colitis and positive stool cultures for Campylobacter jejuni were studied in order to obtain histological and immunohistochemical criteria to differentiate Campylobacter colitis from chronic inflammatory bowel disease. In addition we tried to identify Campylobacter inclusions by means of immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy as evidence for invasion of the colonic mucosa. The results show that the majority of patients with Campylobacter colitis have the histological picture of acute infectious colitis with increased numbers of IgA and IgM containing plasma cells in the colonic mucosa in contrast with patients with active chronic inflammatory bowel disease who show increases of IgA and IgG (ulcerative colitis) or IgA-, IgM and IgG containing plasma cells (M Crohn) in their colonic biopsies. The results of immunohistochemical stainings with Campylobacter antiserum show invasion of Campylobacter in the colonic mucosa. These findings were confirmed ultrastructurally.
Outcome of Patients with Retinoblastoma and Postlaminar Optic Nerve Invasion
Authors: Guillermo L. Chantada, Fernando Casco, Adriana C. Fandiño, Susana Galli, Julio Manzitti, Marcelo Scopinaro, Enrique Schvartzman, María T.G. de Dávila
Journal: Ophthalmology (2007)
Some Addenda on the Role of Today's Autopsy
Authors: James A. Maher
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The Joint Commission on Accreditation seems less interested that the pathologist serve the living by supervising the clinical laboratories than they are in the autopsy ritual. Until the commission takes a more enlightened view of this situation, it will probably become worse rather than better. The commission should abandon rigid percentage requirements on the number of autopsies performed. Autopsies should be counted only when the patient has had an adequate clinical work-up with suitable laboratory studies so that the autopsy may fill a need in the explanation of deficiencies of clinical studies. Further, the commission should insist on proper physician supervision of clinical laboratories. Hospitals at present are being accredited with laboratory technicians supervising the clinical laboratory which deals with the living, while a physician performs the autopsies and serves the dead. The financial problem of the autopsy needs comment. Under the present arrangement, the cost of
Is skin exposure to water mainly occupational or nonoccupational? A population-based study
Authors: B. Meding, G. Lindahl, M. Alderling, K. Wrangsjö, I. Anveden Berglind
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Skin exposure to water is considered to contribute to hand eczema. Knowledge about total water exposure during a day is scanty.To investigate self-reported water exposure at work as well as throughout the day.Skin exposure to water was assessed from two questionnaire-based health surveys: the nationwide Environmental Health Survey 2007 (EHS), which enquired about water exposure throughout the day, and the Stockholm Public Health Survey 2006 (PHS), which probed water exposure at work. Answers from 19,667 individuals (EHS) and 18,318 individuals (PHS) were available for analysis.In total, 22% of respondents (women 30%, men 12%) reported skin exposure to water more than 20 times during an entire day (EHS) compared with 6% (women 8%, men 4%) at work (PHS). In a univariate analysis, using a merged file comprising data from the EHS and the PHS, water exposure more than 20 times a day was more common in the EHS (prevalence proportion ratio 3·570, 95% confidence interval 3·353-3·802). In multivariate models the variables studied did not fulfil the criteria for being confounders. Water exposure at work declined with increasing age in both women and men (P < 0·0001) as did water exposure during the entire day in men (P < 0·0001). However, women were equally exposed during the entire day across age groups (P = 0·205).High water exposure over the entire day was found to be considerably more frequent than exposure at work. Thus, a significant proportion of water exposure seems to occur outside work. This should be considered in prevention of hand eczema and when counselling patients with hand eczema in clinical practice.
Retinoid Induced Ossification of the Interosseous Membrane of the Leg
Authors: George Pitsis, Hans Van Der Wall, Lawrence Kohan, Phillip Perry, James Linklater
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

A 38-year-old male marathon runner presented with left leg pain after increasing his level of training. The pain increased over a period of 5 months. At this time, a plain x-ray showed periosteal new bone formation at the lateral edge of the left tibia. Bone scintigraphy showed increased uptake at the same site, and a diagnosis of stress fracture was made. Pain, however, rapidly recurred with jogging after 3 months of pain-free weightbearing rest. Multiple investigations, including compartment pressure monitoring and nerve conduction studies, were normal. On clinical review, a hard mass was now palpable in the left leg, and further investigations confirmed heterotopic bone bridging between the left tibia and fibula involving the interosseous membrane. It was subsequently discovered that the patient was treated for psoriasis with a retinoid derivative. Heterotopic bone formation is an uncommonly reported side effect of retinoid therapy.