tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
IMPACT OF DIABETES ON CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (CAD) UNDERGOING STENT IMPLANTATION
Authors: Kazuteru Fujimoto, Yuuji Miyao, Kouichi Nakao, Syuuichi Oshima, Hideki Shimomura, Ryuusuke Tsunoda, Toshiyuki Matsumura, Seiji Hokimoto, Hisao Ogawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Reducing Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Transmission in Africa: A Model-Based Evaluation of Intervention Strategies
Authors: Jamie T. Griffin, T. Deirdre Hollingsworth, Lucy C. Okell, Thomas S. Churcher, Michael White, Wes Hinsley, Teun Bousema, Chris J. Drakeley, Neil M. Ferguson, María-Gloria Basáñez, Azra C. Ghani
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

Background Over the past decade malaria intervention coverage has been scaled up across Africa. However, it remains unclear what overall reduction in transmission is achievable using currently available tools. Methods and Findings We developed an individual-based simulation model for Plasmodium falciparum transmission in an African context incorporating the three major vector species (Anopheles gambiae s.s., An. arabiensis, and An. funestus) with parameters obtained by fitting to parasite prevalence data from 34 transmission settings across Africa. We incorporated the effect of the switch to artemisinin-combination therapy (ACT) and increasing coverage of long-lasting insecticide treated nets (LLINs) from the year 2000 onwards. We then explored the impact on transmission of continued roll-out of LLINs, additional rounds of indoor residual spraying (IRS), mass screening and treatment (MSAT), and a future RTS,S/AS01 vaccine in six representative settings with varying transmission intensity (as summarized by the annual entomological inoculation rate, EIR: 1 setting with low, 3 with moderate, and 2 with high EIRs), vector–species combinations, and patterns of seasonality. In all settings we considered a realistic target of 80% coverage of interventions. In the low-transmission setting (EIR∼3 ibppy [infectious bites per person per year]), LLINs have the potential to reduce malaria transmission to low levels (<1% parasite prevalence in all age-groups) provided usage levels are high and sustained. In two of the moderate-transmission settings (EIR∼43 and 81 ibppy), additional rounds of IRS with DDT coupled with MSAT could drive parasite prevalence below a 1% threshold. However, in the third (EIR = 46) with An. arabiensis prevailing, these interventions are insufficient to reach this threshold. In both high-transmission settings (EIR∼586 and 675 ibppy), either unrealistically high coverage levels (>90%) or novel tools and/or substantial social improvements will be required, although considerable reductions in prevalence can be achieved with existing tools and realistic coverage levels. Conclusions Interventions using current tools can result in major reductions in P. falciparum malaria transmission and the associated disease burden in Africa. Reduction to the 1% parasite prevalence threshold is possible in low- to moderate-transmission settings when vectors are primarily endophilic (indoor-resting), provided a comprehensive and sustained intervention program is achieved through roll-out of interventions. In high-transmission settings and those in which vectors are mainly exophilic (outdoor-resting), additional new tools that target exophagic (outdoor-biting), exophilic, and partly zoophagic mosquitoes will be required. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Induction of Postsurgical Tumor Immunity and T-Cell Memory by a Poorly Immunogenic Tumor
Authors: Peisheng Zhang, Anik L. Côté, Victor C. de Vries, Edward J. Usherwood, Mary Jo Turk
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The generation of protective CD8 T-cell memory against tumor-expressed self-antigens is an important but elusive goal of cancer immunotherapy. The possibility that a progressive, poorly immunogenic tumor can induce T-cell memory against self-antigens has not previously been studied. Herein, we report that growth of the poorly immunogenic B16 melanoma in the absence of regulatory T cells (Treg) generates CD8 T-cell responses that develop into functional memory after the tumor has been surgically excised. Tumor-primed memory T cells recognized melanocyte differentiation antigens TRP-2/DCT and gp100 and persisted for as long as 5 months following surgical tumor excision. Phenotypic analysis showed that these cells develop into both central and effector memory T-cell subsets, which produce IFN-γ and interleukin-2 on reencounter with antigen. Most importantly, tumor-primed memory T cells mediated the rejection of intradermal and systemically disseminated challenge tumors given 30 to 60 days following surgery. Tumor-excised mice also developed autoimmune vitiligo, showing that Treg cells prevent tissue-specific autoimmunity in tumor-bearing hosts. This study establishes that Treg depletion in tumor-bearing hosts drives the natural development of protective T-cell memory. Generating such responses may aid in the clinical management of tumor recurrence and metastasis following surgery. [Cancer Res 2007;67(13):6468–76]
Renal function after prolonged consumption of aspirin.
Authors: S M Akyol, M Thompson, D N Kerr
Journal: BMJ (1982)

clinical implications of these data are that methadone should be used with care in operations that will take less than 45 minutes as an accumulation of the drug will occur with repeated administration at short intervals, resulting in respiratory depression.Supplementary doses of any narcotic must not be administered unless a patient is reassessed.We thank Professor M J Cousins for constructive comments and Mr C McLean and Miss D Stranger for skilled technical help.
Immediate Effect of Topical Budesonide on Allergen Challenge-induced Nasal Mucosal Fluid Levels of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor and Interleukin-5
Authors: MARGARETA LINDEN, CHRISTER SVENSSON, EVA ANDERSSON, MORGAN ANDERSSON, LENNART GREIFF, CARL G. A. PERSSON
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

The nasal antiinflammatory effects produced by maintenance treatment with topical steroids include reduced production of cytokines. The present study explored nasal mucosal effects induced during the first 9 h after a single dose of topical budesonide. Nine subjects with allergic rhinitis due to birch or timothy pollen were given budesonide (256 μ g; Rhinocort Aqua) or placebo in a double-blind, randomized, crossover (4 wk washout) manner. Nasal allergen challenges were performed 30 min after the steroid/placebo pretreatment. Before and 30 min, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 h after challenge, filter paper strips were placed on the nasal septum and inferior turbinates for 10 min to sample undiluted mucosal fluids. Strips were then extracted in 1 ml buffer for cytokine analysis (ELISA). Allergen challenge produced acute nasal symptoms that peaked at 30 min and then tapered off. Conversely, both GM-CSF and IL-5 were increased only at 3, 5, 7 and 9 h (p < 0.05 compared with baseline). Budesonide did not affect the nasal symptoms but inhibited (p < 0.05; compared with placebo treatment) the allergen challenge-induced mucosal output of GM-CSF and IL-5. These data demonstrate that GM-CSF and IL-5 are induced in a nonsymptomatic, late phase response to nasal allergen challenge, and that this cytokine response is prevented by single dose budesonide pretreatment.
A Hemodynamic Comparison of Essential and Renovascular Hypertension
Authors: EDWARD D. FROHLICH, MILOS ULRYCH, ROBERT C. TARAZI, HARRIET P. DUSTAN, IRVINE H. PAGE
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Systemic hemodynamic measurements were obtained in 15 normal subjects and 30 untreated hypertensive patients (15 with essential hypertension and 15 with fibrosing stenosis of renal arteries). The essential hypertensives were selected from a larger group solely on the basis of matching their mean arterial pressures and ages with those of the patients with renal arterial disease in matched pairs; cardiac index was consistently higher in patients with renovascular hypertension than in those with essential hypertension. The higher cardiac output was maintained in the group with renal arterial disease even when reduced by tilting the subjects to a 50° head-up position. Total peripheral resistance was increased in both hypertensive groups. The low cardiac indices and mean rates of left ventricular ejection found in essential hypertension may also implicate the heart in this form of hypertension. Hence, increased total peripheral resistance, long thought to be the hemodynamic hallmark of hypertension, may not be the sole systemic abnormality; cardiac output may be increased in renal arterial disease and even reduced in essential hypertension.
Umbilical cord clamping in preterm infants.
Authors: I M Wright, M I Levene
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Umbilical cord clamping in preterm infantsEDITOR,-The possibility that late clamping of the umbilical cord may lead to a reduction in respiratory distress syndrome is not a particularly new finding, but S Kinmond and colleagues offer a more scientific approach in evaluating this phenomenon.'However, they give little information about the obstetric features of their cases, which might be quite important since matching is essential with such small numbersfor example, were the babies predominantly born during preterm labour or were they delivered electively for some obstetric complication?Also not clear is whether any of the mothers received steroids to accelerate fetal maturity before delivery.Although these matters may not be particularly important as far as the haematological features are concerned, they certainly are with respect to ventilation.I believe that more information on them would be helpful in the interpretation of the paper.
Varicocele and Infertility
Authors: Charles W. Charny
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Varicocele, even when it is found on one side, may be a causative factor in infertility. When indicated, varicocelectomy results in improvement of semen quality in about 60% of the men so treated. However, the presence of a varicocele is not an incontrovertible indication for an operation. Other causes may be more directly related, the varicocele having developed as a coincidence. Detailed investigation is therefore indicated before varicocelectomy is advised. The pathogenesis of subfertility associated with varicocele has not yet been clarified. When the patient is erect, incompetence of the valves of the left spermatic vein results in reflux of blood toward the testis. This has been demonstrated by cineradiography with selective catheterization of the left renal and spermatic veins. An attempt to relate the depressed spermatogenesis to increased adrenal steroid concentration has not proved successful.
Handbook of the Biology of Aging
Authors: A. M. Clarfield
Journal: JAMA (1991)

By now, most of us know that America (and the rest of the world) is aging. Not as many are aware of the effects that this demographic revolution is having on the elderly, their families, and the health care system. At the beginning of the century, those under the age of 65 years made up only 4% of the North American population. But as we approach the second millennium, this percentage has more than doubled, with attendant strains on all spheres of medical care. Beyond the demographic imperative and thoughts about what we surely owe our older citizens, there exist at the same time some profoundly interesting scientific questions relating to the phenomenon of aging. For example, why are there so many old people nowadays? What happens to us as we age? What, in fact, is this phenomenon of aging? An ambitious attempt has been made to answer these and
Support of sinusoidal endothelial cell glutathione prevents hepatic veno-occlusive disease in the rat
Authors: Xiangdong Wang, Gary C. Kanel, Laurie D. DeLeve
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Depletion of sinusoidal endothelial cell glutathione (GSH) has been proposed as a common mechanism leading to hepatic veno-occlusive disease (HVOD). This study examines whether intraportal infusion of GSH can prevent HVOD in the monocrotaline rat model. HVOD was induced in rats with monocrotaline 160 mg/kg i.g. on day 0. GSH was infused intraportally by mini-osmotic pump. Monocrotaline decreased GSH in sinusoidal endothelial cells, but not in liver homogenate. Infusion of GSH, 2 μmol/hr starting day − 1, prevented the decrease in sinusoidal endothelial cell GSH and protected against histological and clinical evidence of HVOD. Protection by GSH was dose-dependent (0.5-2 μmol/hr). In rats receiving continuous GSH infusion, treatment with buthionine sulfoximine starting day − 2 decreased sinusoidal endothelial cell GSH and attenuated the protective effect of GSH against monocrotaline. GSH infusion starting 24 hours after monocrotaline (“glutathione rescue”) offered substantial protection to most rats. N -acetyl-l-cysteine conferred protection, but N -acetyl-d-cysteine (an antioxidant that is not a precursor for GSH) had little or no protective effect, and 4-hydroxy TEMPO, a free radical scavenger, was not protective. Discontinuation of the GSH infusion 5 days after monocrotaline administration led to severe hepatic veno-occlusive disease on day 6. In conclusion, monocrotaline selectively depletes sinusoidal endothelial cell GSH. Intraportal infusion of GSH protects against monocrotaline toxicity, at least partially by maintaining sinusoidal endothelial cell GSH levels. Glutathione infusion started after monocrotaline is partially protective. Monocrotaline induces prolonged changes in the liver that remain suppressed as long as GSH is infused.
SEROLOGICAL CHANGE OCCURRING DURING SHORT COURSES OF NEOARSPHENAMINE AND BISMUTH, SUCH AS WERE POSSIBLE WHILE PATIENTS STAYED AT A VENEREAL DISEASES CENTRE FOR AFRICAN SOLDIERS. PART III
Authors: W. A. YOUNG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1943)

Journal Article SEROLOGICAL CHANGE OCCURRING DURING SHORT COURSES OF NEOARSPHENAMINE AND BISMUTH, SUCH AS WERE POSSIBLE WHILE PATIENTS STAYED AT A VENEREAL DISEASES CENTRE FOR AFRICAN SOLDIERS. PART III Get access W. A. YOUNG, B.M.Oxon. Major W. A. YOUNG, B.M.Oxon. Major Venereologist, East African Army Medical Corps Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 55, Issue 10, 1 October 1943, Pages 229–246, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1943.tb10711.x Published: 01 October 1943
The Plasma Glucose Response of Normal Fasting Subjects to Neutral Regular and NPH Biosynthetic Human and Purified Pork Insulins
Authors: John A Galloway, C T Spradlin, M A Root, S E Fineberg
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

Using doses of 0.1 and 0.15 U/kg, the hypoglycemic activities of neutral regular and NPH biosynthetic human insulin (BHI) and purified pork insulin were compared in normal fasting subjects. Neutral regular insulin was administered by the intravenous and subcutaneous routes and NPH subcutaneously. Comparison of the plasma glucose curves disclosed no statistically significant differences between the maximum effects and the length of time to achieve the maximum effect. Moreover, a dose-response difference between 0.1 and 0.15 U/kg could not established. It is concluded that the hypoglycemic activities of neutral regular and NPH BHI and purified pork insulin are the same.
Testicular tumors. Classification of different pathologic types
Authors: M. H. Sulak
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Neoplasms arising in the testis are often of complex character and differ in many respects from neoplasms of nongonadal tissues. Unfortunately, certain critically important and interrelated details are not completely understood; these concern the embryology of the testis, the histogenesis of teratomatous tumors, the histogenesis, nature, and nomenclature of those neoplasms derived from primordial germ cells, and that of those neoplasms derived from nongerminal elements. Testicular neoplasms are relatively rare, comprising somewhat less than 1% of all cancers occurring in males and having an average annual incidence of about 2.3 per 100,000 males in English speaking populations.<sup>8,9</sup>Nevertheless, they have provoked considerable interest because more than 90% of these tumors prove to be malignant and because they occur predominantly in young men who are in the prime of life (during the third and fourth decades). Excluding leukemias and malignant lymphomas, testicular tumors constitute the leading form of lethal cancer
PTU-042 Endoscocopic Training in upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding (Ugib): a BSG Regional and National Audit
Authors: E F Wong, M Kurien, E Ejenavi, M Lau, C Romaya, F Gohar, K L Dear, K Kapur, B Hoeroldt, A J Lobo, D S Sanders
Journal: Gut (2013)

Introduction UGIB is a common emergency frequently requiring endoscopic intervention. Training in therapeutic endoscopy for UGIB is not mandatory. Furthermore UGIB endoscopic experience may be diminished by the European Working Time Directive and a Consultant delivered service. There has been no published data on trainees’ opportunities for UGIB endoscopic experience. This study evaluates GI trainee experience in the South Yorkshire (SY) region and nationally. Methods Rockall scores for patients requiring an endoscopy for an UGIB (n = 622, 5 hospitals) was prospectively collected in SY between Sept-Dec 2011. Trainee experience from this cohort was then compared with a historical SY UGIB cohort (n = 274) from 1996. Nationally, all BSG trainees (n = 478) were invited to respond to a custom designed web based questionnaire (Nov-Dec. 2012). Information was collected about OGD competency (both diagnostic and therapeutic) and trainees’ confidence of acquiring sufficient endoscopic skills in UGIB prior to completing specialty training. Results Regionally, comparison between the 2011 and 1996 SY UGIB cohorts demonstrated comparable 30-day mortality rates (8.5% vs 8.1%, p = 0.78), with similar median post-endoscopy Rockall scores (6 v 5). When comparisons were made between trainee and non-trainee performed procedures, no mortality difference was identified (p = 0.286). However, when comparing trainee undertaken procedures between the two cohorts, a significant decline was observed with 76% (208/274) of endoscopic procedures for UGIB being performed by trainees in 1996 compared with only 16% (97/622) in 2011 (p < 0.0001). Nationally, questionnaires were returned by 51% (245/478) of BSG trainees (median = 4 years registrar training, range 1–9 years). Of these, 42% (104/245) had completed a basic upper GI endoscopy training course and 40% a therapeutic course. Median number of OGD’s performed by trainees was 500, with therapeutic exposure < 10% in 76% of cases. 23% (57/245) of trainees felt their endoscopic skills in UGIB will be insufficient at the time of specialty training completion. Conclusion This study objectively demonstrates a decline in regional training for gastroenterology trainees in UGIB endoscopic procedures. Furthermore our regional audit is supported by the National audit, which suggests that trainees across the UK are both limited in their opportunities and concerned that a level of competency may not be attained during registrar training. We advocate reviewing UK endoscopic training provision for UGIB ensuring qualified and confident endoscopists are produced to meet future service needs. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
Elderly and younger patients selected to undergo coronary angiography.
Authors: A T Elder, T R Shaw, C M Turnbull, I R Starkey
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To establish and compare the characteristics of older (greater than or equal to 70 years) and younger patients with chest pain selected to undergo coronary angiography and by analysis of their subsequent management to assess the value of coronary angiography for older patients with chest pain. DESIGN--Retrospective analysis of clinical case notes and coronary angiography reports. SETTING--Cardiology department with referral population of one million in an Edinburgh hospital. PATIENTS--134 consecutive patients with chest pain aged 70 years or over investigated by coronary angiography between 1978 and 1988; 134 randomly selected patients aged under 70 investigated over the same period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Clinical and angiographic features at time of angiography and management after angiography. RESULTS--Older patients represented a small, but increasing, proportion of those investigated. Older patients had more severe symptoms at the time of angiography, were taking more antianginal drugs, and had had their symptoms for longer than younger patients. At angiography more older patients had triple vessel coronary disease, left main stem stenosis, or left ventricular impairment. After angiography similar proportions of older and younger patients underwent coronary artery surgery, with more elderly patients requiring urgent operation; although operative mortality was higher for elderly patients, symptomatic benefit was similar to that in younger patients. CONCLUSIONS--Older patients with angina selected to undergo coronary angiography and subsequent coronary surgery have more severe symptoms and underlying cardiac disease. Earlier referral and investigation might yield a population with lower operative risk. Selection of patients for coronary angiography and coronary artery surgery should be based on the potential for benefit and should avoid "agism."
International Consensus Guidance Statement on the Management and Treatment of IgG4‐Related Disease
Authors: A. Khosroshahi, Z. S. Wallace, J. L. Crowe, T. Akamizu, A. Azumi, M. N. Carruthers, S. T. Chari, E. Della‐Torre, L. Frulloni, H. Goto, P. A. Hart, T. Kamisawa, S. Kawa, M. Kawano, M. H. Kim, Y. Kodama, K. Kubota, M. M. Lerch, M. Löhr, Y. Masaki, S. Matsui, T. Mimori, S. Nakamura, T. Nakazawa, H. Ohara, K. Okazaki, J.H. Ryu, T. Saeki, N. Schleinitz, A. Shimatsu, T. Shimosegawa, H. Takahashi, M. Takahira, A. Tanaka, M. Topazian, H. Umehara, G. J. Webster, T. E. Witzig, M. Yamamoto, W. Zhang, T. Chiba, J. H. Stone
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

A. Khosroshahi, Z. S. Wallace, J. L. Crowe, T. Akamizu, A. Azumi, M. N. Carruthers, S. T. Chari, E. Della-Torre, L. Frulloni, H. Goto, P. A. Hart, T. Kamisawa, S. Kawa, M. Kawano, M. H. Kim, Y. Kodama, K. Kubota, M. M. Lerch, M. L€ ohr, Y. Masaki, S. Matsui, T. Mimori, S. Nakamura, T. Nakazawa, H. Ohara, K. Okazaki, J. H. Ryu, T. Saeki, N. Schleinitz, A. Shimatsu, T. Shimosegawa, H. Takahashi, M. Takahira, A. Tanaka, M. Topazian, H. Umehara, G. J. Webster, T. E. Witzig, M. Yamamoto, W. Zhang, T. Chiba, and J. H. Stone
Visual evoked potential and contrast sensitivity function in diabetic retinopathy.
Authors: A Collier, J D Mitchell, B F Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1985)

survival in elderly patients but enormously enhances the quality of remaining life.How often hypopituitarism is responsible for postural hypotension is unclear, but pointers seen in our patients included low serum thyroxine concentrations without the expected raised thyroid stimulating hormone, hyponatraemia, and disproportionately pale facies.
Successful Treatment of Insulin Allergy in a Type 1 Diabetic Patient by Means of Constant Subcutaneous Pump Infusion of Insulin
Authors: Agnes Sola-Gazagnes, Catherine Pecquet, Régis Radermecker, Laurence Piétri, Fabienne Elgrably, Géérard Slama, Jean-Louis Sélam
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

A 21-year-old white woman (BMI 21.2 kg/m2) was admitted for management of uncontrolled diabetes with cutaneous allergies to insulin. Past medical history was marked by several allergies, including coconuts and penicillin with laryngeal edema.

Type 1 diabetes was diagnosed 4 years previously and treated by three daily injections of semisynthetic human insulin (48 units/day). Four months later, the patient developed a local allergic reaction, a nettle rash without systemic manifestation that involved all injection sites. This reaction began <5 min after each injection despite H1 antihistamine treatment and subsided after 3–4 h, suggesting a type 1 IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. She had …