tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
English NHS says patient consent necessary before record seen on screen
Authors: M. Cross
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Five years after embarking on an IT programme to make health records available electronically, the NHS in England has conceded that patients should be asked for permission before their data are called up on screen.

A new consent procedure, announced last week, will bring English practice into line with that of Wales and Scotland and promises to defuse one of the bitterest controversies over the NHS national programme for IT.

The process involves the summary care record. This is a set of basic data about each registered NHS patient, such as current drugs and allergies, made available to all NHS organisations …
Lack of TIMP-1 tumor cell immunoreactivity predicts effect of adjuvant anthracycline based chemotherapy in patients (n=647) with primary breast cancer.
Authors: GL Willemoe, PB Hertel, A Bartels, M Jensen, E Balslev, H Mouridsen, B Ejlertsen, N Brünner
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #6042 Background: Randomized trials have in general demonstrated that anthracycline-based chemotherapy prolongs disease-free and overall survival as compared to CMF-based regimens. In the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group (DBCG) 89D randomised trial a 21% improvement in overall survival was observed from substitution of methotrexate in the CMF combination with epirubicin. This suggests that the additional effect of anthracyclines is confined to a subset of the patients. We have previously shown that in vitro grown cancer cells devoid of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) are more sensitive towards chemotherapy than cells expressing TIMP-1 (Davidsen et al., Br J Cancer, 2005). In addition, we have recently published (Schrohl et al., Clin Cancer Res., 2006), that patients with metastatic breast cancer and high levels of TIMP-1 in their primary tumor tissues, have a significantly reduced likelihood of obtaining an objective response to chemotherapy.&amp;#x2028; Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate if Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinses-1 (TIMP-1) tumor cell immunoreactivity could be used to identify a subset of patients who benefits from adjuvant chemotherapy.&amp;#x2028; Patients and Methods: Formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue micro arrays from 647 patients who were enrolled in the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group randomized trial 89D comparing adjuvant CMF versus adjuvant CEF were analysed for tumor cell TIMP-1 immunoreactivity. The primary end-point was invasive disease free survival (IDFS). Immunohistochemistry was performed using the anti-TIMP-1 monoclonal antibody VT7 as described previously (Sørensen et al., J. Hist. Cytochem., 2006) and the slides were scored as + or – for positive immunoreactivity.&amp;#x2028; Results: Tumor cell TIMP-1 immunoreactivity was found in 75% of the tumor samples. In the CEF treated patients, individuals with TIMP-1 negative tumors had a significant longer IDFS than patients with TIMP-1 positive tumors (p=0.047). The multivariate Cox regression analysis of IDFS showed that CEF was superior to CMF among patients with TIMP-1 negative tumors (HR: 0.51; 95%CI: 0.31 to 0.84, p=0.008), while no significant difference could be demonstrated among patients with TIMP-1 positive tumors (HR: 0.86; 95%CI: 0.66 to 1.11, p=0.24). However, only a non-significanct trend could be demonstrated between TIMP-1 status and CEF versus CMF (p=0.07 for interaction).&amp;#x2028; Conclusion: Lack of TIMP-1 tumor cell immunoreactivity seems to predict a favourable effect of epirubicin containing adjuvant therapy in primary breast cancer. However, an independent study is awaited to validate the potential predictive value of TIMP-1 immunoreactivity. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 6042.
Increased Expression of SIM2-s Protein Is a Novel Marker of Aggressive Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ole Johan Halvorsen, Kari Rostad, Anne Margrete Øyan, Hanne Puntervoll, Trond Hellem Bø, Laila Stordrange, Sue Olsen, Svein Andreas Haukaas, Leroy Hood, Inge Jonassen, Karl-Henning Kalland, Lars Andreas Akslen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: The human SIM2 gene is located within the Down's syndrome critical region of chromosome 21 and encodes transcription factors involved in brain development and neuronal differentiation. SIM2 has been assigned a possible role in the pathogenesis of solid tumors, and the SIM2-short isoform (SIM2-s) was recently proposed as a molecular target for cancer therapy. We previously reported SIM2 among the highly up-regulated genes in 29 prostate cancers, and the purpose of our present study was to examine the expression status of SIM2 at the transcriptional and protein level as related to outcome in prostate cancer. Experimental Design: By quantitative PCR, mRNA in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry, we evaluated the expression and significance of SIM2 isoforms in 39 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer and validated the expression of SIM2-s protein in an independent cohort of 103 radical prostatectomies from patients with long and complete follow-up. Results: The SIM2 isoforms (SIM2-s and SIM2-l) were significantly coexpressed and increased in prostate cancer. Tumor cell expression of SIM2-s protein was associated with adverse clinicopathologic factors like increased preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen, high histologic grade, invasive tumor growth with extra-prostatic extension, and increased tumor cell proliferation by Ki-67 expression. SIM2-s protein expression was significantly associated with reduced cancer-specific survival in multivariate analyses. Conclusions: These novel findings indicate for the first time that SIM2 expression might be important for clinical progress of human cancer and support the recent proposal of SIM2-s as a candidate for targeted therapy in prostate cancer.
Should Sensitive Information From Clinical Trials Be Included in Electronic Medical Records?
Authors: Boadie W. Dunlop
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Upregulation of surface markers on dying thymocytes.
Authors: H Kishimoto, C D Surh, J Sprent
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

Using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) to detect cells undergoing early apoptosis, we have defined the surface markers expressed on CD4+CD8+ thymocytes undergoing spontaneous or steroid-induced apoptosis in tissue culture. Some surface markers, e.g., CD4, CD8, and heat stable antigen, are downregulated on apoptotic thymocytes. Surprisingly, however, other markers are upregulated; this applies to T cell receptor beta/CD3, CD69, and CD25 expression. Upregulation of these markers is restricted to a discrete subset of apoptotic cells.
Probability and prognostic factors of the first encephalopathy episode in advanced liver cirrhosis: A multivariate analysis
Authors: A. Abad-L, F. Glez-Huix, E. Cabré, C. Gomes-Vieira, J.M. Llovet, M. Esteve, F. Fdez-Bañares, P. Humbert, M.A. Gassull
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1990)
New Type of Urinary Calculus Caused by Antacid Therapy
Authors: John R. Herman
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Any new information bearing on the etiology of urolithiasis is important. The composition of calculi has been extensively studied to help clarify the mechanisms of their formation and growth. About 99% of all renal stones are constituted by only four substances, viz., calcium oxalate, apatite, triple phosphate, and uric acid. To the rare types of stones such as xanthine and cystine, a new type can now be added, a calculus composed of pure silicon dioxide. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> On Jan. 21, 1959, a 53-year-old physician was seen because of severe renal colic. He had had pain for 18 hours, which was not markedly alleviated by 50 mg. of meperidine hydrochloride, hot baths, and a heating pad. Roentgenograms were taken immediately, and a flat plate of the abdomen showed three questionable shadows of "calcific density." Intravenous urography showed prompt and normal visualization of the right kidney but delayed filling of
Hepatitis-associated Antigen and Antibody in Haemodialysis Patients and Staff
Authors: A. H. Knight, R. A. Fox, R. A. Baillod, S. P. Niazi, S. Sherlock, J. F. Moorhead
Journal: BMJ (1970)

The screening of a dialysis population for the presence of hepatitis-associated antigen (H.A. antigen) has proved to be of value in locating a probable source of infection and in terminating an outbreak of hepatitis by early detection of H.A. antigen positive patients and staff.
Authors' reply to Vinden
Authors: P. R. Gajendragadkar, D. J. Moualed, P. L. R. Nicolson, F. D. Adjei, H. E. Cakebread, R. M. Duehmke, C. A. Martin
Journal: BMJ (2014)

We thank all respondents for their insightful comments.1 2 We are overwhelmed and humbled that such distinguished people have taken the time to read and critique our data. We acknowledge their comments and criticisms in light of their expertise and apologise for any shortcomings.

The paper underwent rigorous peer review and, as part of this, the editorial committee asked us to focus more …
The Cells and Tissues of the Immune System: Structure, Functions, Interactions
Authors: Cecil Krakower
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Prentice-Hall is publishing a series of nine monographs under the rubric "Foundations of Immunology." The present monograph is the second to appear in print. It deals with the light microscopic and ultrastructural appearances of the tissues and organs which comprise the immune system, namely, bone marrow lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus. The cells of the immune system are then discussed not only in terms of their ultrastructure but also their origins, migrations, transformations, and biologic activities. Lastly, the monograph describes cellular and tissue responses in delayed hypersensitivity and in antibody production. The text is beautifully illustrated, well written, with pertinent references at the end of the chapters. Unfortunately, there are some errors which are disturbing, such as the stated action of thyrocalcitonin and the presumed chemical composition of basement membranes. This monograph will provide the present and recent student with up-to-date information in a field in which there are rapid
Public Health Response — Assessing Needs
Authors: P Gregg Greenough, Thomas D Kirsch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Never before Hurricane Katrina has a disaster caused such a massive displacement of a U.S. population. Never before has the country seen so vividly the exposure and vulnerability of displaced persons — primarily the poor, the infirm, and the elderly. We know from experience that disasters take their greatest toll on the disenfranchised, but the distressing television images of our citizens stranded without basic human necessities and exposed to human waste, toxins, and physical violence awakened the public health community to a frightening realization: given the ineffective response mechanisms that were in place, Katrina could become a public health catastrophe. . . .
Review, discussion, and summary of epidemiological studies.
Authors: C M Shy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

This paper reviews and summarizes the epidemiological studies presented at the Symposium on the Health Effects of Acid Aerosols. Two studies of acute episodes examined different indicators of respiratory morbidity before, during, and after the January 1985 air pollution event in western Europe. In the U.K. no increase in respiratory morbidity, as reported by a group of general practitioners, was observed, but measured concentrations of air pollutants failed to substantiate the existence of an identifiable episode. In the Federal Republic of Germany, the air pollution episode was documented and was associated with a 10 to 25% increase in several indicators of respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity, but could not be attributed to acidic aerosols as such. In two further studies, investigators related day-to-day variations in air pollution with admissions to acute care hospitals in southern Ontario for respiratory disease over a 9-year period, and with daily mortality in London from 1963 to 1972. In the study of hospital admissions, significant correlations were observed with sulfate, ozone, and SO2 pollution, but the data were insufficient to isolate the separate or combined effects of these pollutants. In the London mortality analysis, the strongest correlations were observed for sulfuric acid levels of the prior day, but prefiltering of the mortality data may have dampened the true relationship, and age- and cause-specific analyses would have been desirable. Finally two reports on chronic effects of residence in high air pollution areas have thus far made little contribution to the evidence for an adverse effect of specific pollutants.
901-105 Cardiac Structure and Function in Fetuses of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected Mothers: The Prospective NHLBI P2C2 Study
Authors: Lisa K. Hornberger, Steven E. Lipshultz, Kirk A. Easley, Steven D. Colan, Samuel Kaplan, Thomas Starc, Nancy Ayres, Wyman Lai, Douglas Moodie, Carol Kasten-Sportes, Stephen P. Sanders
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Possible role of Fas/Fas ligand-mediated apoptosis in the pathogenesis of fixed drug eruption
Authors: H.J. Choi, J.K. Ku, M.Y. Kim, H. Kang, S.H. Cho, H.O. Kim, Y.M. Park
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Background Although epidermal and dermal T cells play roles in the pathogenesis of fixed drug eruption (FDE), not much is known about keratinocyte death and its precise mechanism in FDE. Objectives Our aim is to elucidate the mechanism that underlies keratinocyte death in FDE, that is, the role of apoptosis and its signalling pathway. Methods We first examined the involvement of apoptosis in the active FDE lesions by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labelling (TUNEL) assay and immunohistochemical analysis of caspase-3. We then examined the expressions of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) to deduce the possible upstream signalling pathway of apoptosis, if apoptosis were involved. We finally characterized the infiltrated T-cell subpopulations in the active FDE lesions. Results In the active FDE lesions, TUNEL positivity was strongly observed in the basal keratinocytes, and also weakly observed in the upper dermal infiltrates as well as in a few keratinocytes in the granular layer. The distribution of TUNEL-positive cells was similar to that of the strong staining of active capase-3. Fas was found mainly in the keratinocytes and some infiltrated dermal cells, whereas FasL was identified predominantly in the intraepidermal and dermal infiltrated cells and in some basal keratinocytes. Overlapping expression of Fas and FasL was accompanied by apoptosis in the FDE lesions. Many of the infiltrated mononuclear cells were CD8+. Perforin was rarely observed in the FDE lesions. Conclusions These findings suggest that apoptosis of the keratinocyte is highly likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of FDE, and this cytotoxicity might be predominantly mediated by the FasL of the infiltrating CD8+ T cells, possibly also playing an inflammatory role.
Tropomyosin-like seven residue periodicity in three immunologically distinct streptococal M proteins and its implications for the antiphagocytic property of the molecule.
Authors: B N Manjula, V A Fischetti
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

Partial sequences of three immunologically distinct group A streptococcal M proteins (M5, M6, and M24) revealed significant homology with each other, certain amino acid residues being conserved within the three molecules. In addition, a common feature of the sequenced regions of these M proteins was their high alpha-helical potential and the presence of a repeating seven residue periodicity that is characteristic of the double helical coiled-coil molecule, tropomyosin. The existence of a tropomyosin-like seven residue periodicity strongly suggests that regions of these three M proteins may participate in intra- and/or intermolecular coiled-coil interactions. Because of the constraints imposed by such a repeating periodicity, certain conserved residues within the M proteins would occupy spatially equivalent positions in the tertiary structure of these molecules. This common characteristic could play an important role in the common antiphagocytic property of the immunologically diverse M molecules. In addition to similarities in the secondary structure of M proteins and tropomyosin, significant sequence homology has also been observed between certain regions of these molecules with up to 50% identical residues. As a result of the striking structural similarity with tropomyosin, M proteins may play a regulatory role in the contractile mechanisms involved in phagocytosis.
Computed Tomography RECIST Assessment of Histopathologic Response and Prediction of Survival in Patients with Resectable Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: William N. William, Apar Pataer, Neda Kalhor, Arlene M. Correa, David C. Rice, Ignacio I. Wistuba, John Heymach, J. Jack Lee, Edward S. Kim, Reginald Munden, Kathryn A. Gold, Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou, Stephen G. Swisher, Jeremy J. Erasmus
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
Abstract 62: Alteration of metabolic pathways of glucose consumption by CENU treatment in B16 melanoma tumors: A NMR spectroscopy-based [1,2-13C]glucose fluxomics analysis
Authors: Daniel Morvan, Anne Fages, Laurent Schwartz, Jean Marc Steyaert, Georges Stepien, Aicha Demidem
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract We have previously shown using proton NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomics that mice bearing B16 melanoma tumors treated by chloroethylnitrosourea (CENU) had a strong intratumoral decrease in glycolysis involving the accumulation of intracellular glucose and glucose-6-phosphate, together the accumulation of glutamate derivatives, despite no significant lactate content change (1). To get insights into the metabolic pathway followed by glucose carbons in CENU-treated tumor, we used double labelled glucose ([1,2-13C]glucose) and investigated the obtained isotopomers of lactate, the final product of glycolysis. Mice bearing B16 melanoma tumors were treated by CENU or saline solution (control) at days 11, 14 and 17 at dose 15µg/g weight. At day 23, mice were injected intraperitoneally with [1,2-13C]glucose at 25 mg in 150µl saline solution. Animals were sacrificed 30 minutes after glucose injection. Tumors were removed and kept at −80°C until use. The analysis of lactate isotopomers, a fluxomics approach, was done at 500 MHz using high resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) 1H-NMR spectroscopy by exploiting 1H-13C coupling signals. The two lactate signals, the methyl (C3) signal centered at 1.33 ppm and the methine (C2) signal centered at 4.12 ppm were differentially analyzed, and quantified from spectra witout and with broadband 13C-decoupling. In addition, the activity of pyruvate-kinase was measured using enzyme assay. In comparison with control tumors, CENU-treated tumors exhibited an overall decrease of labelled lactate both at C3 and C2 position, together with a significant increase in the relative proportion of C2 to C3 labelling (0.65±0.10 vs 0.91±0.13, P&amp;lt;0.01, n=3 vs n=3). Because lactate only labelled on C3 was a product of glucose metabolism through the pentose phosphate pathway, it was concluded that most of glucose in CENU-treated tumors was directly metabolized to lactate, thus dedicated to ATP production rather than macromolecular biosynthesis. Consistently, the activity of pyruvate kinase, the main source of glycolysis-derived ATP was increased under CENU treatment (+48%, P&amp;lt;0.01). Altogether these fluxomics data provide evidence of glycolysis adaptation that may be correlated to reduced proliferation, decreased aggressiveness, and redifferentiation, as previously shown in this model (2). In addition, this study suggests that metabolic targeting of glycolysis-related ATP production may improve CENU efficacy. 1- Morvan D, Demidem A. Cancer Res, 67; 2150-59, 2007 2- Demidem A et al. Cancer Res, 61; 2294-300, 2001 Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 62.
Low-Sodium Diet and Free Fluid Intake in the Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: William C. Bridges, Edwin O. Wheeler, Paul D. White
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

TRADITION is hard to break. Doubtless since the time of Adam, dropsy has been traditionally treated by the limitation of fluid intake, a natural result of the observation of the accumulation of water in the body tissues. Despite the assembly of clear-cut evidence in laboratory and clinic that restriction of common salt and of sodium in any form is much more important than is restriction of water, the practical application of this idea in effective form has been extremely slow. In a few places in this country where knowledge along this line was far more advanced than elsewhere, the usefulness . . .
Relationship of increased plasma atrial natriuretic factor and renal sodium handling during immersion-induced central hypervolemia in normal humans.
Authors: M Epstein, R Loutzenhiser, E Friedland, R M Aceto, M J Camargo, S A Atlas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Although maneuvers augmenting atrial volume and/or stretch also augment plasma levels of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), the role of ANF in modulating renal sodium and water handling has not been defined. Water immersion to the neck (NI) was employed to assess the ANF response to acute volume expansion in 13 seated sodium-replete normal subjects. ANF increased promptly and markedly from 7.8 +/- 1.8 to 19.4 +/- 3.8 fmol/ml, then declined to 6.3 +/- 1.4 fmol/ml after 60 min recovery. Concomitantly, NI increased urine flow rate (V) (2.0 +/- 0.6 to 7.0 +/- 0.9 ml/min; P less than 0.001) and sodium excretion (UNaV) (92 +/- 12 to 191 +/- 15 mu eq/min; P less than 0.001), and decreased PRA (-66 +/- 3%) and plasma aldosterone (-57 +/- 6%). Increases of plasma ANF ranged from less than 20% to over 12-fold. Similarly, the natriuretic response to NI varied markedly from none to 500%. There was a strong correlation between peak ANF and peak UNaV (r = 0.67; P less than 0.025), but none between peak V and peak plasma ANF (r = -0.10; P greater than 0.5). These findings suggest that an increase in plasma ANF contributes to the natriuretic response to NI, implying a physiological role for ANF in modulating volume homeostasis in humans.