tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract ES8-2: Modeling Sensitivity to Therapeutic Agents
Authors: PT Spellman
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Single agent targeted chemotherapeutics are now being deployed with the goal of revolutionizing clinical treatments. It is likely that many of these agents will be successfully used to improve outcomes for patients, and potentially in patients with localized disease there may even be cures as are seen with Trastuzumab. Unfortunately it is unlikely that single agent therapies, or targeted therapies in conjunction with standard chemotherapies will provide cure to the many patients who have metastatic disease. The true challenge then is the use of multiple targeted therapies to systematically disrupt and eliminate tumors based on the use of genomic and systems modeling. Modeling therapeutic responses of individual tumors will require not just knowledge of the pathways that tumors use (or misuse) but will also require knowledge of how these pathways interact. Equally important, to avoid side effects, it will be essential to understand these systems across the body. New initiatives are now underway to construct these models (both computational and biological) and test them in the laboratory. The challenge then is to move the models from models to patients by fostering collaborative interactions between pharmaceutical companies, systems biologists, and clinicians. I will illustrate these principles by showing how we attempt to address them in our own work. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr ES8-2.
THE USE OF GRADED COLLODION MEMBRANES FOR THE CONCENTRATION OF A BACTERIAL ENZYME CAPABLE OF DECOMPOSING THE CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE OF TYPE III PNEUMOCOCCUS
Authors: René Dubos, Johannes H. Bauer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1935)

1. The enzyme which decomposes the capsular polysaccharide of Type III Pneumococcus is associated with a protein which under optimal conditions of filtration passes through membranes with an average pore size of 10.6 mmicro but is held back by pores having a diameter of 8.2 mmicro. 2. When enzyme solutions are filtered to dryness through membranes of such porosity as to hold back the active principle, and when proper precautions are taken to prevent or minimize adsorption, the enzyme can be completely recovered in solution by immersing the membrane in distilled water or physiological salt solution. 3. These results are discussed with reference to the dimensions of the enzyme particle, and to the purification obtained in the course of ultrafiltration. 4. A practical method is described for the concentration and purification of the crude enzyme preparation by the use of graded collodion membranes.
The occurrence of osteoarthritis outside Europe.
Authors: P Croft
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

EULAR Workshop: Epidemiology of osteoarthritis of the peripheraljoints Another important task for the future is to try to find methods for early diagnosis of oste- oarthritis to create a basis for earlier intervention and treatment.This will include further evaluation of new diagnostic tech- niques, both in selected patient groups and in the general population.Such studies might in the future give us "new" and more clinically relevant prevalence figures.The question of secular trends also remains to be solved.Much knowledge has already been gained but much more work needs to be done.Their basic findings still stand: (1) osteoarthritis occurs everywhere, and (2) oste-
Do people smoke for nicotine?
Authors: M E Thompson, W F Forbes
Journal: BMJ (1978)

better to an intravenous regimen.We can only record, anecdotally, that he showed a complete recovery without neurological deficit.We have not obtained significant blood pressure reduction over two hours in severe hypertension with 80 mg propranolol or 100 mg atenolol by mouth, and bradycardia may be troublesome with these drugs.Further details from Dr Good of the dose, drugs, rate of blood pressure fall, and cardio- vascular effects of oral beta-blockade would provide valuable comparison with our data.
Frontiers of Pulmonary Radiology: Pathophysiologic, Roentgenographic and Radioisotopic Considerations
Authors: James L. Quinn
Journal: JAMA (1970)

This book represents  published proceedings of a symposium held in April 1967. Ordinarily readers tend to shy away from symposia because there is probably no area of current medical publications where  range of quality is so extreme. However, this work is not only good but it is very good. The editors gathered together leading authorities in pulmonary radiology and related sciences who deserve  high esteem in which their colleagues hold them.  The volume is dedicated to  late Felix Fleischner, whom Dr. Leo Rigler refers to in his introduction as the epitome of what we would like to see  radiologist be—that is  happy blend of teacher, scholar, investigator, with a keen analytical mind and a heavy clinical orientation. The assembled papers in this book represent  high quality of work which Dr. Fleischner inspired in his own students.  At  onset it is clear that
HIGHER GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 LEVELS ON ADMISSION WERE ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED INFARCT SIZE AFTER SUCCESSFUL REPERFUSION OF ST ELEVATION ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Masaaki Konishi, Eiichi Akiyama, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Nobuhiko Maejima, Noriaki Iwahashi, Kengo Tsukahara, Kiyoshi Hibi, Masami Kosuge, Toshiaki Ebina, Satoshi Umemura, Kazuo Kimura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The Diagnostic Doubts of Dr. Cabot-Reply
Authors: Raymond Russ
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have read with much interest, but many doubts, the criticism by Dr. Alfred C. Croftan inThe Journal, January 11, on the recent article by Dr. Richard C. Cabot, "Diagnostic Pitfalls." I am a great admirer of Dr. Cabot's unequivocal honesty and sterling integrity. One must confess that professional honesty can be graded, the same as commercial products or even California fruit, and this superfine Cabot grade, which would proclaim the truth from the housetops because it is truth, no matter what the personal cost or sacrifice might be, is certainly a<i>rara avis</i>. Only twice have I met it before: once in a great medical teacher who no longer resides in this country, and again in a prominent surgeon with whom this teacher was long associated. Dr. Croftan's statement that in Vienna he has "seen 152 consecutive cases correctly diagnosed in every clinical detail" will be hardly
Detection of Adrenal Metastasis From Osteosarcoma by Tc-99m MDP Scintigraphy
Authors: WILLIAM M. KAUFFMAN, HELEN WINER-MURAM, JOHN T. SANDLUND
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

A 16-year-old boy had osteosarcoma of the distal left femur diagnosed at age 10. At presentation there was no evidence of bony or pulmonary metastases. Five years later, the right ring finger was amputated because of bony recurrence at that site, and soon after the patient underwent bilateral thoracotomies for resection of pulmonary metastases. Follow-up evaluation with Tc-99m MDP skeletal scintigraphy demonstrated a large region of increased uptake in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. Noncontrast axial CT revealed a large calcified soft tissue mass in the left suprarenal region consistent with adrenal metastasis from osteosarcoma.
Genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Jing Shen, Shuang Wang, Yu-Jing Zhang, Maya Kappil, Hui-Chen Wu, Muhammad G. Kibriya, Qiao Wang, Farzana Jasmine, Habib Ahsan, Po-Huang Lee, Ming-Whei Yu, Chien-Jen Chen, Regina M. Santella
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Alterations in DNA methylation frequently occur in hepatocellular cancer (HCC). We have previously demonstrated that hypermethylation in candidate genes can be detected in plasma DNA before HCC diagnosis. To identify, with a genome-wide approach, additional genes hypermethylated in HCC that could be used for more accurate analysis of plasma DNA for early diagnosis, we analyzed tumor and adjacent nontumor tissues from 62 Taiwanese HCC cases using Illumina methylation arrays (Illumina, Inc., San Diego, CA) that screen 26,486 autosomal CpG sites. After Bonferroni adjustment, a total of 2,324 CpG sites significantly differed in methylation level, with 684 CpG sites significantly hypermethylated and 1,640 hypomethylated in tumor, compared to nontumor tissues. Array data were validated with pyrosequencing in a subset of five of these genes; correlation coefficients ranged from 0.92 to 0.97. Analysis of plasma DNA from 38 cases demonstrated that 37%-63% of cases had detectable hypermethylated DNA (≥5% methylation) for these five genes individually. At least one of these genes was hypermethylated in 87% of the cases, suggesting that measurement of DNA methylation in plasma samples is feasible. Conclusion: The panel of methylated genes indentified in the current study will be further tested in a large cohort of prospectively collected samples to determine their utility as early biomarkers of HCC.
Particle concentrations in inner-city homes of children with asthma: the effect of smoking, cooking, and outdoor pollution.
Authors: Lance A Wallace, Herman Mitchell, George T O'Connor, Lucas Neas, Morton Lippmann, Meyer Kattan, Jane Koenig, James W Stout, Ben J Vaughn, Dennis Wallace, Michelle Walter, Ken Adams, Lee-Jane Sally Liu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Inner-city children have high rates of asthma. Exposures to particles, including allergens, may cause or exacerbate asthma symptoms. As part of an epidemiologic study of inner-city children with asthma, continuous (10-min average) measurements of particle concentrations were made for 2-week periods in 294 homes drawn from seven cities. Measurements were made using an optical scattering device that is most sensitive to fine particles. The concentrations recorded by these devices were corrected to agree with colocated outdoor gravimetric PM2.5 monitors. Indoor concentrations in the homes averaged 27.7 (standard deviation = 35.9) micro g/m3, compared with concurrent outdoor concentrations of 13.6 (7.5) micro g/m3. A multivariate model indicated that outdoor particles penetrated indoors with an efficiency of 0.48 and were therefore responsible for only 25% of the mean indoor concentration. The major indoor source was smoking, which elevated indoor concentrations by 37 micro g/m3 in the 101 homes with smokers. Other significant sources included frying, smoky cooking events, use of incense, and apartment housing, although the increases due to these events ranged only from 3 to 6 micro g/m3. The 10-min averaging time allowed calculation of an average diurnal variation, showing large increases in the evening due to smoking and smaller increases at meal times due to cooking. Most of the observed variance in indoor concentrations was day to day, with roughly similar contributions to the variance from visit to visit and home to home within a city and only a small contribution made by variance among cities. The small variation among cities and the similarity across cities of the observed indoor air particle distributions suggest that sources of indoor concentrations do not vary considerably from one city to the next, and thus that simple models can predict indoor air concentrations in cities having only outdoor measurements.
USE OF OPIUM IN THE COMMON COLD
Authors: M. F. McCarthy
Journal: JAMA (1934)

To the Editor:—   might be of interest to the readers ofThe Journalto know that De Quincey made somewhat the same observations as were mentioned in the article on the medicinal treatment of the common cold, by Diehl (The Journal, Dec. 23, 1933, p. 2042).  Concerning the use of morphine and its effect on acute colds, sometime about 1800, he said: It is remarkable, also, that during the whole period of years through which I had taken opium, I had never once caught cold, as the phrase is, nor even the slightest cough. After stopping the use of morphine, he wrote: Now a violent cold attacked me, with a cough soon after.  This quotation is from De Quincey's Confessions of an English Opium Eater, published by the Internationale Bibliothek Berlin West 66, volume 9, page 292, and was called to my attention by the head nurse at the
Sauna-induced acceleration in insulin absorption from subcutaneous injection site.
Authors: V A Koivisto
Journal: BMJ (1980)

The effect of the Finnish sauna on insulin absorption from a subcutaneous injection site was examined in eight insulin-dependent diabetic patients by measuring externally the disappearance rate of 125I-labelled rapid-acting insulin. The sauna (twice for 25 minutes at 85 degrees C) accelerated insulin absorption by 110% as compared with room temperature (p &lt; 0.01). After the sauna blood glucose concentrations were 3.0-3.3 mmol/1 (54.1-59.5 mg/100 ml) lower than on the control day (p &lt; 0.05). The fall in blood glucose values was proportional to the increased rate of insulin absorption (r = 0.30; p &lt; 0.01). The hypoglycaemic effect of a sauna in insulin-treated diabetics is clearly at least partly due to enhanced insulin absorption from the injection site. Such an effect might be prevented by taking a snack or reducing the insulin dose.
Conservation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes as a host strategy to constrain parasite adaptation: evidence from the nef gene of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1)
Authors: J. da Silva, A. L. Hughes
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1998)

Host cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) that recognize specific viral peptides (epitopes) are thought to provide the most effective control of viral replication and spread. However, viruses may escape this recognition through mutations in CTL epitopes. We tested the hypothesis that, as an adaptation on the part of the host to constrain parasite escape from immune control, class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules present peptides that are derived from conserved regions of foreign proteins to CTLs. We did this by estimating the relative conservation of CTL epitopes of the functionally important Nef protein of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) and relating this to the structure and function of the protein. In comparisons among sequences from several HIV-1 subtypes and both major groups, CTL epitopes had lower rates of nonsynonymous nucleotide substitution per site than did the remainder of the protein, indicating the relative conservation of these epitopes. In contrast, helper T-cell epitopes were as conserved as, and monoclonal antibody epitopes less conserved than, the remainder of the protein. The conservation of CTL epitopes is apparently due to their derivation from functionally important domains of Nef, since CTL epitopes coincide with these domains and these domains are conserved relative to the remainder of the protein, in contrast to secondary structural elements, which are not. Recent studies provide evidence of CTL selection on HIV-1 epitopes, but the variational range of viral escape mutants appears to be limited by functional constraints on the protein regions from which epitopes are derived. The presentation of conserved foreign peptides to CTLs by class I MHC molecules may be a general adaptation of vertebrate hosts to constrain the adaptation of their intracellular parasites.
AMERICAN MEDICAL TEMPERANCE ASSOCIATION.
Authors: T. D. CROTHERS
Journal: JAMA (1891)

This Association was organized at Washington, May 7, 1891, in pursuance to call by Dr. N. S. Davis, of Chicago, 111., inviting all persons interested to meet and confer on the need of such an association. Sixty-one physicians were enrolled as original members, and a constitution and by-laws adopted, a board of officers elected, and thus a new medical organization was auspiciously started. The purpose and object of this new society is outlined in the following statement offered by Dr. Davis: "The object of this Association is to advance the practice of total abstinence in and through the medical profession, and to promote investigation as to the action of alcohol in health and disease, and it aims at being a bond of union among medical abstainers scattered all over our country. It admits as members regular medical practitioners who are practical abstainers from all alcoholicliquors as beverages. Members are
The Many Faces of Rickets
Authors: Roger Bouillon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

The typical clinical picture of rickets, first clearly described in the 17th century, includes growth-plate abnormalities and delayed growth, weakening and bowing of weight-bearing bones, hypoplasia of tooth enamel, and hypocalcemia with muscle hypotonia and even tetany. The basic skeletal lesion is impaired mineralization of the matrix produced by growth-plate chondrocytes or osteoblasts. The same disease in adults, osteomalacia, is much more silent, because the growth-plate effects, and therefore growth effects, are absent. In simple vitamin D deficiency, either small doses of vitamin D or exposure to ultraviolet radiation can correct all the bony abnormalities.A few patients, however, are . . .
Bone Scintigraphy in Common Tumors With Osteolytic Components
Authors: K Wang, Li Allen, E Fung, C C. Chan, J C. S. Chan, J F. Griffith
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Osteolytic lesions are frequently encountered in clinical practice. Radionuclide bone scans with technetium-99m-labeled diphosphonates are often performed in the evaluation of both solitary and multiple osteolytic lesions. In this pictorial review, we critically evaluate the current role of bone scan in common osteolytic tumors including aneurysmal bone cyst, simple bone cyst, fibrous dysplasia, nonossifying fibroma, giant cell tumor, eosinophilic granuloma, enchondroma, chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, myeloma, and metastases. The merits and limitations of bone scanning are emphasized.
PROGNOSES AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SCORES IN ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY, PSYCHOSURGERY, AND SPONTANEOUS REMISSION
Authors: ISIDOR W. SCHERER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1951)

1. The rate of improvement between ECT and ECT controls is not significantly different. There is a similarity between the psychological pretesting structure of both the improved ECT populations (those who were shocked and improved and those who improved spontaneously). 2. Patients undergoing lobotomy show the highest correlations between pretest scores and ratings of clinical improvement. Tests of memory and abstraction are especially important in this group. 3. Certain tests of memory, abstraction, and motor function were found to yield significant biserial coefficients of correlation for all clinical groups except lobotomy control patients. Of the Rorschach signs studied, only the number of rejections was found to yield consistently significant chi-squares for all clinical groups. 4. Study of the rationale of the most predictive tests indicates that common elements exist between them that should be further explored. 5. The findings of this paper suggest that the psychological test structure of patients be carefully scrutinized either before they are made to undergo treatment or before they are considered poor candidates for treatment procedures.
Unprotected oral sex can transmit HIV
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Laboratory studies of mouth tissue suggest that unprotected oral sex does have the potential to transmit HIV.

A US research team examined the possibility that normal human oral keratinocytes might be directly infected by HIV or might convey infectious HIV virions to adjacent leucocytes.

Dr Xuan Liu of Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science in Los Angeles and colleagues at the University of California in Los Angeles obtained oral tissue samples from over 50 …
Exercise Performance and Dynamic Hyperinflation in Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Authors: Bruno G. Baldi, André L. P. Albuquerque, Suzana P. Pimenta, João M. Salge, Ronaldo A. Kairalla, Carlos R. R. Carvalho
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is characterized by exercise performance impairment. Although airflow limitation is common, no previous studies have evaluated the prevalence and impact of dynamic hyperinflation (DH) in LAM.To investigate the dynamic responses during maximal exercise and the prevalence, predictors, and repercussions of DH in LAM.Forty-two patients with LAM performed symptom-limited incremental cycle exercise and pulmonary functions tests (PFTs) and were compared with 10 age-matched healthy women. Dyspnea intensity, inspiratory capacity, oxygen saturation, and cardiac, metabolic, and respiratory variables were assessed during exercise. Patients with LAM also performed a 6-minute walk test (6MWT).Patients with LAM had higher baseline dyspnea, poorer quality of life, obstructive pattern, air trapping, and reduced diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide in PFTs. Although they had the same level of regular physical activity, their maximal exercise performance was reduced and was associated with ventilatory limitation, greater desaturation, and dyspnea. The prevalence of DH was high in LAM (55%), even in patients with mild spirometric abnormalities, and was correlated with airflow obstruction, air trapping, and diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide. Compared with the non-DH subgroup, the patients who developed DH had a ventilatory limitation contributing to exercise cessation on cycling and higher desaturation and dyspnea intensity during the 6MWT.Ventilatory limitation and gas exchange impairment are important causes of exercise limitation in LAM. DH is frequent in LAM, even in patients with mild spirometric abnormalities. DH was associated with the severity of disease, higher dyspnea, and lower oxygen saturation. In the 6MWT, desaturation and dyspnea were greater in patients with DH.
Helicobacter pylori in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease needs comparator
Authors: G. I Leontiadis
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—The systematic review by Raghunath et al was rigorous and well intentioned.1 However, their conclusion that the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection was significantly lower in patients with than without gastro-oesophageal reflux disease may be potentially misleading. The pooled control group in the meta-analysis was …
Vitamin D Resistance in Osteomalacia after Ureterosigmoidostomy
Authors: Wayne Perry, Leonard N. Allen, Trevor C. B. Stamp, Peter G. Walker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Osteomalacia after ureterocolic anastomosis has been recognized for 25 years.1 Its cause is uncertain, but both renal damage and acidosis may contribute.2 3 4 A requirement for vitamin D is variable: although vitamin D "resistance" has been documented3 other workers have suggested that only correction of acidosis, with little or no added vitamin D, is necessary.5 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol is several times more potent than the parent vitamin in the treatment of various forms of rickets6 , 7 and is effective in renal osteodystrophy.8 9 10 The reason for its superior potency has been somewhat clarified by recent comparison of relative plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels produced in different . . .