tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A New Breed of Model: Estimating the Impact of Climate Change on Malaria Transmission
Authors: Claudia M. Caruana
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Estimating the Impact of Climate Change on Malaria TransmissionMalaria is a serious global health issue, resulting in an estimated 219 million cases and 660,000 deaths in 2010, many of them in Africa. 1 Malaria transmission is tied closely to environmental variables such as rainfall and temperature-even when there's plenty of rainfall to produce breeding pools for the Anopheles mosquitoes that spread malaria, hot temperatures can hamper mosquito development. 2Some early projections predicted that climate change would cause an increase in malaria cases, 3 but more recent reports suggest it's more likely that cases will shift in their distribution rather than rise overall. 4In this issue of EHP investigators at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) report their projections, using a new modeling tool, that there probably will not be a significant increase in malaria prevalence in West Africa, even during a worst-case scenario of increased rainfall in the region. 5he authors used the Hydrology, Entomology, and Malaria Transmission Simulator (HYDREMATS) to estimate the impact of climate change on malaria transmission in West Africa.HYDREMATS is a combined hydrology and entomology model of malaria transmission developed at MIT by coauthor Elfatih A.B. Eltahir, a professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and former graduate student Arne Bomblies, now an assistant professor at the University of Vermont.The model uses high-resolution data on environmental variables including rainfall, temperature, topography, and soil conditions to model ephemeral breeding pools that form during intense rains.The model also tracks the simulated behavior of individual mosquitoes as they interact with their environment.Inset: A child with malaria receives care in Sierra Leone.This country lies in a part of West Africa that is already saturated with malaria, and prevalence is not projected to increase with climate change.Large image: An ephemeral pool in Niger provides a perfect breeding site for Anopheles mosquitoes.This and other northern parts of West Africa could become too hot to sustain malaria.
Pulmonary vascular effects of hydralazine in a canine preparation of pulmonary thromboembolism.
Authors: J Ducas, L Girling, U Schick, R M Prewitt
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP)-flow coordinates were obtained in 14 anesthetized dogs before and after pulmonary hypertension was induced with autologous blood clots. Cardiac output (CO) was altered by systemic arteriovenous fistulas. The PAP-CO coordinates were always rectilinear. Before emboli, the mean vascular closing or outflow pressure (the pressure intercept of the PAP-CO line) was 8.8 +/- 2.1 (SD) mm Hg. Emboli increased PAP (15.1 +/- 1.6 to 36.5 +/- 3.5 mm Hg; p less than .001) and decreased CO (3.8 +/- 0.6 to 2.4 +/- 0.8 liters X min-1; p less than .001). Incremental resistance (the slope of the PAP-CO line) only increased slightly. On the other hand, the marked increase in PAP was predominantly due to an increase in effective outflow pressure (from 8.8 +/- 2.1 to 28.6 +/- 3.6; p less than .001). Hydralazine was administered in a dose sufficient to double CO. This did not affect PAP and caused an inconsistent and small decrease in incremental resistance. However, a consistently significant decrease in effective outflow pressure, averaging 23%, was observed. In this canine preparation of pulmonary hypertension the predominant effect of hydralazine appears to be a decrease in the mean vascular closing or outflow pressure.
Hemolytic Anemia Secondary to Sali cylazosulfapyri dine Therapy
Authors: Morris D. Gardner, J. Arnold Bargen
Journal: JAMA (1964)

A PATIENT with chronic ulcerative colitis recently developed hemolytic anemia during treatment with salicylazosulfapyridine (Azulfidine). Although about 17% of the patients treated with this medication have mild side effects, serious reactions are seen rarely. This case is presented to bring the toxic potentialities of salicylazosulfapyridine therapy to the attention of the clinician. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 28-year-old civil engineer was admitted to Scott and White Memorial Hospital because of bright red rectal bleeding of one year's duration. The bleeding occurred with each daily bowel movement and the blood appeared on the surface of the feces. Occasionally, some mucus was observed; but, he did not have diarrhea, urgency, or abdominal cramping. The patient appeared healthy, was 6 feet, 5 inches tall (165.1 cm), and he weighed 179 pounds (81.2 kg). The only abnormal physical finding was that the lining of his rectum felt granular. The sigmoidoscopic examination revealed granular, friable
Effects of Job Strain on Helper-lnducer (CD4+CD29+) and Suppressor-lnducer (CD4+CD45RA+) T Cells in Japanese Blue-Collar Workers
Authors: Norito Kawakami, Takeshi Tanigawa, Shunichi Araki, Akinori Nakata, Susumu Sakurai, Kazuhito Yokoyama, Yoko Morita
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1997)

Background: The effects of job strain on helper-inducer (CD4+CD29+) T cells and suppressor-inducer (CD4+CD45RA+) T cells are not clear. Methods: The subjects were 65 male blue-collar workers in a chemical plant in Japan. Perceived job stressors were assessed using the Japanese version of Job Content Questionnaire, i.e., job demands, job control, supervisor support and coworker support. Blood samples were taken from these subjects, and number and percentage of total lymphocytes were calculated for total T cells, helper (CD4+) T cells, suppressor/cytotoxic (CD8+) T cells, helper-inducer (CD4+CD29+) T cells and suppressor-inducer (CD4+CD45RA+) T cells using the double-staining fluorescence. Results: Job control significantly and positively correlated with number and percentage of helper-inducer (CD4+CD29+) T cells, after controlling for age, number of cigarettes per day and blood lead concentration (Spearman's partial correlation, p < 0.05), while job demands, supervisor support or coworker support did not (p > 0.05). The job strain index, i.e., the ratio of job demands to job control, significantly and negatively correlated with the percentage of helper-inducer (CD4+CD29+) T cells (p < 0.05). None of the job stress scales significantly correlated with number or percentage of suppressor-inducer (CD4+CD45RA+) T cells (p > 0.05). Conclusions: It is suggested that higher job strain or lower job control is associated with a decrease in helper-inducer (CD4+CD29+) T cells in Japanese blue-collar workers.
Identification and Substance P Content of Vagal Afferent Neurons Innervating the Epithelium of the Guinea Pig Trachea
Authors: DAWN D. HUNTER, BRADLEY J. UNDEM
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Both the nodose and jugular vagal ganglia provide sensory innervation to the airways. The purpose of this study was to localize and characterize the substance P (SP) content of vagal afferent neurons that project specifically to the tracheal epithelium. A retrograde neuronal tracer, fast blue dye or rhodamine-labeled latex microspheres, was instilled into the guinea pig trachea. After 7 d, the nodose and jugular ganglia were removed, sectioned, and prepared for immunocytochemistry. Sections of tracheal mucosa demonstrated that fast blue dye diffused throughout the airway wall, whereas the rhodamine-labeled microspheres, as expected, did not penetrate the basement membrane and were thus localized to the epithelium. When the diffusible fast blue dye was used, approximately 60% of the labeled neurons were found in the nodose ganglia and 40% in the jugular ganglia. By contrast, when the beads were used to label only epithelial nerve fibers, 97 ± 1% of the tracheal neurons taking up the dye were derived from jugular neurons, 60 ± 6% of which contained SP immunoreactivity. These studies demonstrate that, in contrast to the submucosa, nerve fibers innervating the epithelium of the trachea are derived nearly exclusively from neurons with cell bodies in the jugular ganglia.
Activating Transcription Factor 3 Is a Novel Repressor of the Nuclear Factor Erythroid-Derived 2–Related Factor 2 (Nrf2)–Regulated Stress Pathway
Authors: Stephan L. Brown, Konjeti R. Sekhar, Girish Rachakonda, Soumya Sasi, Michael L. Freeman
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates induction of an extensive cellular stress response network when complexed with the cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CBP) at antioxidant response elements (ARE) located in the promoter region of target genes. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) can repress Nrf2-mediated signaling in a manner that is not well understood. Here, we show that ATF3-mediated suppression is a consequence of direct ATF3-Nrf2 protein-protein interactions that result in displacement of CBP from the ARE. This work establishes ATF3 as a novel repressor of the Nrf2-directed stress response pathway. [Cancer Res 2008;68(2):364–8]
Altered microbiota linked to rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Yvonne Bordon
Journal: Nature reviews. Immunology (2013)

NFIL3 clocks out T H 17 cellsHooper and colleagues show that the transcription factor NFIL3 integrates signals from the circadian clock to regulate T helper 17 (T H 17) cell development in mice.NFIL3 suppressed T H 17 cell development by repressing Rorc (which encodes RORγt) transcription, and NFIL3 itself was suppressed by the clock regulator REV-ERBα.Nfil3 and Rorc were expressed in opposite phases of the circadian cycle, with Nfil3 expression lower during the day (a 12-hour light cycle) and higher at night (a 12-hour dark cycle).Accordingly, CD4 + T cells isolated from mice during the day showed a higher propensity for differentiating into T H 17 cells following in vitro polarization.Notably, mice exposed to chronic light-cycle perturbations had increased frequencies of T H 17 cells in the spleen and small intestine, and were more susceptible to chemically induced colitis than mice maintained under a normal light cycle.Interestingly, Nfil3 polymorphisms, night-shift work and jet lag are all linked to human inflammatory diseases -the authors suggest that this could be due to the disruption of circadian pathways that regulate pro-inflammatory immune responses.
Abstract P064: Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in a Prospective Study Among US Male Health Professionals
Authors: Shanshan Li, Frank B Hu, John P Forman, Eric B Rimm
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: The associations between dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) with subsequent risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) are inconclusive among men. The association is further complicated by the potential biological interactions between the carbohydrate quality of the diet and factors that may influence underlying insulin resistance. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that long-term exposure to a diet with high GI and GL would be associated with increased CHD risk in a cohort of US men, and the association would be further modified by fiber intake, alcohol consumption and BMI. Methods: We included 37,736 men aged 40–75 years from the Health Professional Follow-up Study, with no previous diagnosis of CHD, cancer, or type 2 diabetes. We confirmed 3,121 total incident CHD cases during 22 years of follow-up. Cox proportional hazard models were used to adjust for covariates. Results: After adjusting for lifestyle and dietary covariates, the hazard ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals comparing men in the highest vs. the lowest quintile was 1.16 (1.04, 1.31; p for trend=0.03) for dietary GI, and 1.09 (0.94, 1.27; p for trend =0.16) for GL. We found a significant effect modification by fiber intake (p=0.02); The associations between GL and CHD risk were strongest among participants in the lowest tertile of fiber intake (RR= 1.00, 1.00, 0.93, 1.11 and 1.16 with increasing quintiles of GL; RR=1.00, 0.68, 0.79, 0.73 and 0.76 for participants in the highest tertile of fiber intake). The association between GL and CHD was stronger among men with body mass index (BMI) greater than 25 kg/m2 than normal weight men, even though the test for interaction was only marginally significant (RR=1.00, 1.03, 1.05, 1.10, and 1.16 for increasing quintles of GL among men with BMI≥25 kg/m2 and RR= 1.00, 0.92, 0.96, 1.09 and 1.04 for men with BMI&lt;25 kg/m2, p for interaction=0.09). Alcohol intake did not modify the association of GL with CHD (p for interaction=0.44). Conclusion: We observed a significantly increased risk of CHD with high GI diet and a modestly elevated association between GL and CHD among men with low fiber intakes or who were overweight or obese. No effect modification by alcohol was observed, but we did find that the association between GL and CHD was more pronounced among those with lower fiber intake or higher BMI.
STRESS INDUCED DYSSYNCHRONY DURING LOW DOSE DOBUTAMINE INFUSION AS A PREDICTOR OF RESPONSE TO CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY. COMPARISON WITH REST DYSSYNCHRONY AND LEFT VENTRICULAR INOTROPIC CONTRACTILE RESERVE AS PREDICTORS OF RESPONSE
Authors: Valentin Suma, Farhan Bajwa, Maureen Wang, Azhar Supariwala, Ajay S. Shah, Sripal Bangalore, Dali Fan, Amgad Makaryus, Jonathan Steinberg, Farooq A. Chaudhry
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Postexercise Late-Onset Hypoglycemia in Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Patients
Authors: Michael J MacDonald
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

A new clinical entity that is prevalent in young type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients, postexercise late-onset (PEL) hypoglycemia, is described. A prospective case-finding study suggested that PEL hypoglycemia occurred in 48 of ∼300 diabetic type I patients who were diagnosed as diabetic before age 20 yr and who were monitored for up to 2 yr. Typically, hypoglycemia was nocturnal and occurred 6—15 h after the completion of unusually strenuous exercise or play. In more than half the cases the hypoglycemia resulted in loss of consciousness or seizures and necessitated treatment with subcutaneous glucagon or intravenous glucose and/or attendance by a health professional. The hypoglycemia was not limited to patients in good or excellent metabolic control and often occurred after a single bout of exercise in patients unaccustomed to exercise or in athletic patients who were making the transition from an untrained to a trained state. Surprisingly, 12 of the patients who experienced nocturnal PEL hypoglycemia were not using significant amounts of insulin that peaked at night. Type I diabetic patients should be made aware of the possibility of PEL hypoglycemia to enable them to make adjustments in their management plans in anticipation of unusually strenuous exercise, so that they may attempt to minimize or avoid late-onset hypoglycemia.
THE PROGNOSTIC UTILITY OF A MODIFIED HEART SCORE IN PATIENTS WITH CHEST PAIN IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT APPLIED TO THE TRAPID-AMI STUDY
Authors: Rafael Cabrera, James McCord, Kaleigh Evans, Richard Nowak, Tiberio Frisoli, Evangelos Giannitsis, Peter Dilba, Richard Body, Michael Christ, Bertil Lindahl, Christopher DeFilippi, Robert Christenson, Gordon Jacobsen, Christian Mueller
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
THE TRANSMISSION OF YELLOW FEVER BY MOSQUITOES OTHER THAN AEDES AEGYPTI
Authors: JOHANNES H. BAUER
Journal: JAMA (1928)

It is generally known that<i>Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti</i>, Linn. is the only vector for the transmission of yellow fever from man to man in the Western Hemisphere. This disease has been eliminated from almost the whole of the Western Hemisphere by the control of<i>Aedes aegypti</i>alone and without reference to other mosquitoes. In addition, numerous experiments were carried out by early workers in which yellow fever was transmitted from man to man by these mosquitoes while similar experiments with other species proved negative. Marchoux and Simond attempted to transmit this disease by five different species, viz.,<i>Aedes scapularis, Aedes taeniorhynchus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Psorophora ciliata</i>and<i>Psorophora posticata</i>, with uniformly negative results. In a recent publication, conclusive evidence was brought forward to show that yellow fever in West Africa is similarly transmitted by<i>Aedes aegypti</i>. However, there are numerous species of the genus<i>Aedes</i>in West Africa which resemble<i>aegypti</i>
Targeting of phosphatidylserine by monoclonal antibodies enhances activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors in breast tumors
Authors: Jian Gong, Van Nguyen, Shen Yin, Rich Archer, Emely Nguyen, Jeff Hutchins, Bruce Freimark
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a phospholipid normally residing in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane and becomes exposed on tumor vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and tumor cells. PS exposure becomes enhanced in response to chemotherapy, irradiation, and oxidative stresses in
NOTES ON A SERIES OF ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-ONE CONSECUTIVE PROSTATECTOMIES
Authors: ARTHUR H. CROSBIE
Journal: JAMA (1924)

We are all agreed today that, given a case with prostatic obstruction with a large residual urine, with or without actually acute retention, the first thing to do is to establish free drainage as quickly as possible. This should be done even though the patient has a good kidney function. An immediate prostatectomy should be reserved for the patient who not only has good kidney function, but also has a small residual urine, from 4 to 6 ounces (120 to 180 c.c.). Whether this drainage be by means of a cystostomy or intermittent catheterization or by indwelling catheter rests with the surgeon. If the prostatectomy is to be a suprapubic one, then there is no doubt that the best method is by a suprapubic tube. This gives a chance during the period of drainage for a sinus to become walled off which, in many cases, need not be much enlarged
Facing Death: Where Culture, Religion, and Medicine Meet
Authors: Burton C. Einspruch
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Years ago, I remember older Jewish men sitting on park benches greeting each other, "Soll sie leben bis hundert zwansig jahr." This Yiddish wish—"may you live to 120"—honored the biblical age of Moses. Moses was short-lived compared with Adam who reached 930, deprived of an even riper age owing to transgressions in the Garden of Eden. With the passage of time, I have come to realize how meagerly we have been taught about aging and the end of life. Thanatology, the study of death, has been avoided by medical educators and relegated to philosophers and theologians. Perhaps this is understandable: witness the heated debate surrounding euthanasia and concern about the enthusiasm of students and younger physicians as they encounter the terminally ill and learn the limits of physicians' labors. <i>Facing Death</i>is a slender volume with contributions from experts ranging from historian to biblical scholar, surgeon to philosopher. All have
Catecholamine-dependent atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia.
Authors: R J Hariman, J A Gomes, N El-Sherif
Journal: Circulation (1983)

An unusual case of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia precipitated by ethanol ingestion is presented. Programmed atrial and ventricular stimulation failed to induce the tachycardia during control conditions or after atropine administration. This failure to induce tachycardia was related to the absence of ventriculoatrial conduction. A low-dose isoproterenol infusion allowed induction of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia by the enhancement of ventriculoatrial conduction. This report suggests that programmed stimulation during isoproterenol infusion can be used to induce paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in suspected cases in whom induction during control conditions or after atropine administration is not possible.
ABO blood groups in patients with gastric carcinoma associated with pernicious anaemia
Authors: S. Callender, M. J. S. Langman, I. N. Macleod, J. Mosbech, K. R. Nielsen
Journal: Gut (1971)

Comparison of the ABO blood groups of patients with all forms of gastric cancer and of those with gastric cancer preceded by pernicious anaemia has shown no differences between them. This finding supports the concept that blood group has a single effect associated with an underlying factor predisposing to either disease.
424 Durability of HBEAG seroconversion after adefovir dipivoxil treatment for chronic hepatitis B (CHB)
Authors: T.T. Chang, M. Shiffman, M. Tong, P. Marcellin, Y.F. Liaw, P. Luengrojanakul, G.S. Choy, C. James, J. Ma, S. Xiong, G. Currie, C.L. Brosgart
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Cooperative Clofibrate Trial
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1979)

By dint of both resemblance and contrast, the recently reported (<i>Br Heart J</i>40:1069-1118, 1978) cooperative trial of clofibrate for the prevention of ischemic heart disease evokes the memory of the University Group Diabetes Project's (UGDP) controversial report on the trial of tolbutamide for the treatment of diabetes. This memory, one need hardly mention, is kept very much alive by the still continuing debate. A recent volume of<i>Advances in Internal Medicine</i>features both the defense and the attack—the latter targeting on the flaws in design, statistical interpretation, and premature termination of the trial. No such attack is likely to follow the clofibrate trial, which began in 1965 and ran uninterruptedly until 1978. A total of 10,000 men in three cities—Edinburgh, Budapest, and Prague— were chosen from the upper one third of the serum cholesterol distribution in some 30,000 volunteers. They were randomly divided into two equal groups. One group
The Hygienic Laboratory Ancestor to the NIH
Authors: R. C. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> InThe Journalfor March 15, 1965 (<b>191</b>:937-938), the interesting editorial on William T. Sedgwick, the second paragraph in the second column, has this sentence: "He was appointed a member of the Advisory Board of the United States Hygientic Laboratory, the predecessor of the United States Public Health Service." This should have read, "the predecessor of the National Institutes of Health, of the United States Public Health Services.<sup>1</sup>" This is brought to your attention chiefly to remind you that some of us do read the editorial pages.The Journalunder the present editor has set a high standard of excellence for the editorial pages as well as for all other departments.
Asymptomatic neurocutaneous melanocytosis in patients with large congenital melanocytic nevi: A study of cases from an Internet-based registry
Authors: Anna Liza C. Agero, Cristiane Benvenuto-Andrade, Stephen W. Dusza, Allan C. Halpern, Ashfaq A. Marghoob
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2005)
Human TRAF3 Adaptor Molecule Deficiency Leads to Impaired Toll-like Receptor 3 Response and Susceptibility to Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
Authors: Rebeca Pérez de Diego, Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu, Lazaro Lorenzo, Anne Puel, Sabine Plancoulaine, Capucine Picard, Melina Herman, Annabelle Cardon, Anne Durandy, Jacinta Bustamante, Sivakumar Vallabhapurapu, Jerónimo Bravo, Klaus Warnatz, Yves Chaix, Françoise Cascarrigny, Pierre Lebon, Flore Rozenberg, Michael Karin, Marc Tardieu, Saleh Al-Muhsen, Emmanuelle Jouanguy, Shen-Ying Zhang, Laurent Abel, Jean-Laurent Casanova
Journal: Immunity (2010)
Teaching Allied Health Professionals About Self-Management
Authors: Donnell D Etzwiler
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

Management of diabetes demands that informed patients cooperate with knowledgeable and concerned health professionals in a planned system of health care. It is imperative that each of the numerous health professionals caring for these patients has an understanding of his/her specific role and responsibilities as it relates to the entire health care team and to the individual patient. Acute, in-depth, and continuing phases of diabetes education are briefly described and the importance of altering patient behavior by contracting is documented.