tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 7: Berg <i>Interrogative Biology</i>™ platform unravels novel biomarkers FLNB and LY9 in combination with PSA enhances specificity in serum of patients with prostate cancer.
Authors: Rangaprasad Sarangarajan, Joyce Chan, Eric Grund, Vivek K. Vishnudas, Shen Luan, Viatcheslav R. Akmaev, Niven R. Narain
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) test is the predominant screening test for prostate cancer. Utility is limited by the low predictive power to differentiate patients with indolent tumors from aggressive disease with potential for metastasis. Identification of potential biomarkers to increase prediction of patient population with propensity for progression to metastatic disease remains the overarching unmet need in prostate cancer screening. This study reports the identification of a panel of potential biomarkers using the Berg Interrogative Biology™ platform, a novel non-hypothesis driven approach to characterize disease specific molecular signatures for the identification of physiological drivers of disease etiology. Filamin B (FLNB) and lymphocyte antigen 9 (LY9) were two of several markers identified from a high confidence causal network of prostate cancer model using the Berg Interrogative Biology™ platform. Both FLNB and LY9 were validated in a small case-control retrospective study in human serum samples of patients with prostate cancer and age-matched normal controls. The utility of FLNB and LY9 as potential biomarkers in prostate cancer was determined by comparing the serum levels to that of PSA to establish benchmark comparison. Statistically significant elevation of the PSA, FLNB, and LY9 concentrations was detected in the prostate cancer group compared to the age-matched normal control group. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the molecular markers by ROC curve analysis. The predictive power of FLNB or LY9 alone was comparable to that of the PSA test. The combination of FLNB and LY9 with PSA out-performed PSA alone with AUC=0.975 in the study. The study provides data in support of FLNB and LY9 as biomarkers with potential to improve screening outcomes when used in combination with PSA. Efforts are currently underway in large patient cohorts to validate the clinical utility of FLNB and LY9 as candidate biomarkers for use in the screening of prostate cancer with correlate to the Gleason score to enable more instructive data to the practitioner. Citation Format: Rangaprasad Sarangarajan, Joyce Chan, Eric Grund, Vivek K. Vishnudas, Shen Luan, Viatcheslav R. Akmaev, Niven R. Narain. Berg Interrogative Biology™ platform unravels novel biomarkers FLNB and LY9 in combination with PSA enhances specificity in serum of patients with prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 7. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-7
Expression of HLA Class I Antigen, Aspirin Use, and Survival After a Diagnosis of Colon Cancer
Authors: Marlies S. Reimers, Esther Bastiaannet, Ruth E. Langley, Ronald van Eijk, Ronald L. P. van Vlierberghe, Valery E. P. Lemmens, Myrthe P. P. van Herk-Sukel, Tom van Wezel, Riccardo Fodde, Peter J. K. Kuppen, Hans Morreau, Cornelis J. H. van de Velde, Gerrit Jan Liefers
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Use of aspirin (which inhibits platelet function) after a colon cancer diagnosis is associated with improved overall survival. Identifying predictive biomarkers of this effect could individualize therapy and decrease toxic effects.
Effect of CPAP therapy on daytime function in patients with mild sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome
Authors: H. M. Engleman, S. E. Martin, I. J. Deary, N. J. Douglas
Journal: Thorax (1997)

BACKGROUND: Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is an effective treatment in patients with moderate and severe sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (SAHS), but the minimum illness severity at which patients obtain benefit from CPAP is unclear. A study was therefore undertaken to investigate whether CPAP improves symptoms and daytime function in patients with mild SAHS. METHODS: Sixteen consecutively recruited patients with mild SAHS (5.0-14.9 apnoeas + hypopnoeas per hour slept and two or more symptoms of SAHS) participated in a prospective placebo controlled randomised crossover trial to assess the effects of CPAP on symptoms and daytime function. Patients spent four weeks on placebo and four weeks on CPAP, undergoing assessments of sleepiness, symptoms, cognitive performance, and well being on the last day of each treatment. Data from the placebo and CPAP assessments were compared. RESULTS: The mean (SE) objective effective use of CPAP was 2.8 (0.7) hours per night. Significant improvements in symptom score (-1.7 (0.5), p &lt; 0.01), mental flexibility (-14 (5) seconds, p = 0.02), and depression rating (-1.6 (0.8), p = 0.03) on CPAP were observed. However, no significant differences in subjective or objective sleepiness were found. Ten of the 16 patients preferred CPAP and opted to continue with this treatment, although this proportion was non-significant (p &gt; 0.4). The eight patients with best CPAP use showed an additional CPAP related improvement in quality of life (-4.4 (1.8), p = 0.03). Those who complied better with CPAP therapy also had a higher average microarousal frequency (p &lt; 0.01) and apnoea+hypopnoea index (p = 0.02) than the poorer compliers. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study provide evidence for improvements in symptoms and daytime function for patients with mild SAHS treated with CPAP.
High cardiac output of advanced liver disease persists after orthotopic liver transplantation
Authors: Michael J. Henderson, Gregory J. Mackay, Michael Hooks, Judith L. Chezmar, John R. Galloway, Thomas F. Dodson, Michael H. Kutner
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

This study measured cardiac output before and 1 or 2 yr after orthotopic liver transplantation in 23 patients. Cardiac output was measured by thermodilution before transplantation and by first-pass radionuclide angiocardiography at follow-up. Study patients were selected as those doing well clinically and by standard laboratory tests at 1-yr and 2-yr reevaluations with no evidence of rejection: six had mild recurrent hepatitis shown on biopsy samples. Hepatocyte function was normal at the time of the study as shown by galactose elimination capacity of 442 ± 90 mg/min. Medications were cyclosporine and prednisone in all patients, azathioprine in 10 patients and a combination of antihypertensive therapy to maintain diastolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg in 20 patients. Mean (± S.D.) pretransplantation cardiac output was 9.1 ± 3.1 L/min and remained elevated at 8.3 ± 2.1 L/min 1 yr, and 9.6 ± 2.6 L/min (n = 13) 2 yr after transplantation. A significant (p &lt; 0.001) correlation was found between pretransplant and follow-up cardiac output. End diastolic, end systolic and stroke volumes are all increased in a pattern similar to that seen in end-stage cirrhosis. These data show that the high cardiac output of the hyperdynamic state of advanced liver disease persists after liver transplantation. The mechanisms and consequences of this require further study.
Boronate Cross‐linked ATP‐ and pH‐Responsive Nanogels for Intracellular Delivery of Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Xuejiao Zhang, Katharina Achazi, Rainer Haag
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

A novel adenosine‐5′‐triphosphate (ATP) and pH dual‐responsive degradable nanogel (NG) system are developed based on the complexation of 1,2‐diols in dendritic polyglycerol (dPG), and boronic acids, which are conjugated with dPG as the macromolecular cross‐linker. The NG is formed by a mild and surfactant‐free inverse nanoprecipitation method. An anticancer drug, methotrexate (MTX), is coprecipitated with the macromolecular precursors and cross‐linkers to form MTX‐loaded NG (NG‐MTX) with a loading capacity of 13 wt%. The size of NG is controllable from 100 to 300 nm, which is suitable for the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect and can be degraded into small fragments that are within the clearance limitation in the presence of 5 × 10 −3 m ATP or at pH 4 after 24 h. Increasing ATP concentrations and decreasing pH values of the release medium accelerate the release of MTX. Both the real‐time cell analysis (RTCA) and MTT (3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) results show no cytotoxic effect of NG and a dose‐dependent effect of NG‐MTX on HeLa cells as well as MCF‐7 cells. The fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐labeled NG (FITC‐NG) exhibits a time‐dependent intracellular uptake tendency and cell organelle permeability as determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) or flow cytometry.
1011-111 Homocysteine promotes ventricular remodeling by induction of apoptosis of rabbit cardiomyocytes and priming the mast cells to induce interleukin-6, with significant inhibition by troglitazone
Authors: Bahaeddin A Shabaneh, Wassim Mouannes, Steven Lee, Matthew Fitzgerald, Kenton Hall, Steve Armstrong, Guha Krishnaswamy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Abstract 4905: The BH3 mimetic navitoclax (ABT-263) selectively induces apoptosis in cholangiocarcinoma-associated fibroblasts thereby reducing tumor growth
Authors: Joachim C. Mertens, Christian D. Fingas, John D. Christensen, Keisuke Kakisaka, Rory L. Smoot, Steven F. Bronk, Justin L. Mott, Michael P. Gustafson, Allan B. Dietz, Lewis R. Roberts, Alphonse E. Sirica, Gregory J. Gores
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background and Aims: Cholangiocarcinomas (CCA) are highly desmoplastic tumors containing abundant cancer associated myofibroblasts (CAF). An inverse association between the abundance of CAF and survival has been demonstrated in CCA, suggesting that CAF play a pivotal role in CCA development and progression. The CAF phenotype represents an ‘activated cell state’ and as such may be uniquely susceptible to apoptosis. BH3 mimetics induce apoptosis in cells ‘primed’ for cell death, representing a therapeutic strategy for cancer. Herein we examine whether CAF display a selective sensitivity to the BH3 mimetic ABT-263 and whether ABT-263 induced ablation of CAF reduces tumor growth and progression. Methods: We employed human and rat CAF, myofibroblastic human LX2 cells, human and rat control fibroblasts, the rat cholangiocarcinoma cell line BDEneu and human CCA cell lines for these studies. In-vivo experiments were conducted using a syngeneic, orthotopic rat CCA model. Results: We observed a significant and dose dependent induction of apoptosis by ABT-263 in human and rat primary CAF as well as activated LX2 cells as compared to rat BDEneu and human CCA cell lines. Comparison of Bcl-2 protein expression in quiescent fibroblasts versus CAF demonstrated a consistent upregulation of Bax in the CAF, likely explaining their enhanced sensitivity to pro-death stimuli. Indeed, ABT-263 treatment of CAF was associated with Bax activation as compared to human CCA cell lines. Finally, administration of ABT-263 decreased tumor size and metastasis in a human-like in-vivo rat model of CCA. Analysis of the rat tumors revealed a decrease in Tenascin C positive tumor stroma and an increase of TUNEL-positive apoptotic stromal cells. Conclusions: CCA associated CAF appear to be ‘primed’ for cell death, possibly due to overexpression of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein Bax. Consequently CAF display increased sensitivity to the BH3 mimetic ABT-263, which selectively depletes them from a rat in-vivo model of CCA, thereby reducing tumor growth and metastasis. Thus targeting CCA tumor stroma by inducing apoptosis in CAF may represent a new therapeutic approach in human CCA. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4905. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4905
Prognostic value of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in children with heart failure secondary to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy in a non‐β‐blocker therapy setting
Authors: Guilherme Veiga Guimarães, Veridiana Moraes d'Avila, Paulo Roberto Camargo, Luiz Felipe Pinho Moreira, Jose Ramon Lanz Luces, Edimar Alcides Bocchi
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2008)
Be your own coroner: an audit of 500 consecutive deaths in a general practice.
Authors: J T Hart, C Humphreys
Journal: BMJ (1987)

General practitioners9 medical records of a geographically defined population of about 1600-1800 have been retained since 1964. Details of care by general practitioners and hospital correspondence were available for 500 deaths (277 men, 223 women) from 1964 to 1985, including deaths at home, at work, in the street, in short term and long term institutional care, and within six months of release from institutional care. The periods 1964-73 and 1974-85 were compared. The proportion of men aged greater than or equal to 80 who died increased from 20 (14%) in 1964-73 to 22 (16%) in 1974-85, but the proportion of women aged greater than or equal to 80 who died increased from 21 (23%) to 50 (39%). Of all deaths, 223 (45%) were thought to have had avoidable causal factors, of which 132 (59%) were attributed to patients, 45 (20%) to the general practitioner, 9 (4%) to hospitals, and 37 (17%) to others. The number of deaths related to smoking decreased from 31 (43%) in men aged less than 70 to 19 (30%) but in women aged less than 70 increased from 4 (10%) to 11 (26%). The proportion of deaths in women who were already dependent six months before death increased from 55 (58%) to 81 (63%) but in men remained constant at 64 (46%) in the first period and 62 (46%) in the second. Nearly two thirds of all deaths occurred at home in both periods--about twice the proportion for England and Wales--but the proportion of men dying at home decreased from 87 (62%) to 76 (56%). A critical analysis of deaths in whole populations by primary care teams can identify changes that are needed both in the work and organisation of the team and in the behaviour of the population itself.
Facilitating care of patients with HIV infection by hospital and primary care teams.
Authors: A Smits, S Mansfield, S Singh
Journal: BMJ (1990)

To complement the role of primary care teams working with patients with HIV disease and AIDS within greater London and to ease the load on the special hospital units a home support team was developed. It comprises six specialist nurses, a general practitioner trained medical officer, and a receptionist and is funded from regional and district sources and charities. A nurse is available for out of hours and emergency weekend calls, with support from the patient9s general practitioner or the attached medical officer. During the first 18 months 249 patients were seen; the mean duration of care was five months. Nearly a third (18/50, 30%) of patients who were terminally ill died at home. The team9s activities included practical nursing care, emotional support for carers and patients, and advice and guidance to primary care teams. Problems in providing care in patients9 homes included issues relating to confidentiality and 24 hour cover. With the increasing incidence of HIV infection the home support team may be a useful model for care of large numbers of patients with symptomatic HIV disease, especially in large urban areas.
Kaposi's sarcoma associated with tumour necrosis factor neutralising therapy
Authors: C D Cohen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

Inhibition of tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) by antibodies or soluble receptors has developed as a potent treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or Crohn’s disease. Because TNFα is an important mediator in the inflammatory response, this blockade led to the concern of increased risk of severe infections or malignancies. Despite reassuring data from clinical trials, an association between TNFα inhibition and tuberculosis has been shown, and several cases of serious infections and malignant complications have been described.1–3

We report the case of Kaposi’s sarcoma …
The importance of statistical power
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The effectiveness of a home based early childhood intervention on children's body mass index (BMI) at age 2 years was investigated. A randomised controlled superiority trial was used. The intervention consisted of eight home visits from specially trained community nurses in the first 24 months after birth. The intervention was in addition to the usual childhood nursing service from community health service nurses. The control group received the usual childhood nursing service alone. Participants were first time mothers and their infants.1 The primary outcome was children's BMI at age 2 years. The sample size calculation was based on having 80% power to detect a difference in mean BMI of 0.38 units between treatment groups at age 2 years, using a two sided hypothesis test and critical level of significance of 0.05. It was assumed that the standard deviation of observations in each group was the same and equal to 1.5 units. A total sample size of 504 participants (252 in each treatment arm) was needed. To allow for an estimated 25% drop-out rate the sample size was increased to 630 participants. In total, 667 first time mothers and their infants were recruited to the trial, with 337 allocated to intervention and 330 to control. At age 2 years, mean BMI was significantly lower in the intervention group compared with the control group (16.53 v 16.82; difference −0.29, 95% confidence interval −0.55 to −0.02; P=0.04). Which of the following statements, if any, are true?
Nosocomial Bacteriuria: A Prospective Study of Case Clustering and Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: DENNIS R. SCHABERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

To investigate the role of cross-infection in nonepidemic nosocomial bacteriuria in a large, university-affiliated hospital, we identified in adult patients admitted over an 11-week period all cases caused by organisms of the same genus, species, and antimicrobial susceptibility and clustered by date of onset and hospital ward. Further laboratory studies were conducted to verify clustering. Among the 3452 patients studied, 194 cases of nosocomial bacteriuria were identified; 49 appeared clustered by epidemiologic evidence. Additional laboratory tests verified clustering in 30 cases (15.5%). We found that 90% of clustered and 76% of nonclustered cases had had previous urinary catheterization; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, and Citrobacter freundii often caused clustered infection while Escherichia coli predominated in nonclustered cases; and resistance to gentamicin, sulfathiazole, and carbenicillin was significantly greater for pathogens from clustered cases than for nonclustered ones. This increased resistance emphasizes the need to prevent cross-infection, even in the absence of epidemics.
Mary Lambourne (nee Biddle)
Authors: S. Bolsin
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Mary Lambourne (nee Biddle) graduated from Birmingham University Medical School during the second world war. At this time a university place was rare for women and a medical school position was a huge privilege, which Mary valued throughout her life. She was an active member of the Student Christian Movement, and her student colleagues and lifelong friends included missionary doctors Margaret and Anthony Barker and Beatrice Cluley. She …
Clinical Evidence for Critical Cardiac Care
Authors: Janet M. Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dental research improving both oral, general health
Authors: Malinda H. Bell
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Designing the future... is a matter of balancing needs and expectations, of maintaining momentum— lest past gains be lost—and of capitalizing on the one resource that is always available: the creative imaginations of talented men and women. These words preface the long-range research plan for 1985 through 1989 (entitled, appropriately, Challenges for the Eighties) of the National Institute of Dental Research (NIDR).  Harald Loe, DDS, DrOdont, director of the NIDR, notes that 232 million Americans suffer from some type of oral-dental disease. In coping with this situation, Loe maintains a strong commitment to basic science and clinical research but hopes to create a closer partnership with the academic, professional, and business communities.  I would like to see a more rapid transfer of science and technology from research to dental practice to general knowledge, he urges. More than 80% of the oral health research in this country is conducted by the
Pregnancy, prolactin, and pituitary tumours
Authors: D F Child, H Gordon, K Mashiter, G F Joplin
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Nine pregnancies are described in patients with pituitary tumours. All patients had definite radiological evidence of a pituitary tumour and no evidence of acromegaly or Cushing9s disease. In seven patients serum prolactin levels were estimated before pregnancy and found to be raised. Seven patients had been treated with pituitary implantation of yttrium-90. The remaining two developed complications of the tumour during pregnancy. One developed a bitemporal visual field defect in the second trimester which was successfully treated by emergency yttrium-90 implantation. The other developed diabetes insipidus in the third trimester which resolved spontaneously after delivery. Six patients were treated with drugs to achieve pregnancy. Four took bromocriptine to suppress raised prolactin levels, one was treated with human menopausal gonadotrophin, and one was treated with clomiphene.