tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Patients With Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and Associated Manifestations
Authors: Lawrence D. Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (1987)

PATIENTS with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) suffer from a variety of opportunistic infections and malignancies. There is, as of yet, no known cure for this disease. Early in the course of the AIDS epidemic, therapy was directed only toward the management of manifestations of the disease (opportunistic infections and malignancies). As the immunologic abnormalities associated with AIDS became more clearly defined and with the discovery of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), treatment of the underlying immunodeficiency disorder with immunomodulators or antiviral agents became a possibility. This review will focus both on treatment of the disease manifestations and on more recent investigations into the use of immunomodulators and antiviral agents. The role of supportive care, which is important in the treatment of patients with this disease, has been discussed elsewhere.<sup>1</sup> <h3>TREATMENT OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF AIDS</h3><h3>Opportunistic Infections</h3> The therapeutic approach to AIDS patients with
Hospital Mortality in Acute Myocardial Infarction—Reply
Authors: Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pseudo-Hypertrophic Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: V. K. Summers
Journal: BMJ (1947)

On admission for further investigation the boy felt perfectly well, the diarrhoea having ceased.He was thin and rather pale, and was afebrile; pulse 90.The tonsils were slightly enlarged, as were the glands of the left side of the neck, which were discrete and rubbery.The spleen and liver were not palpable.There were no symptoms or signs referable to the nervous system.No other abnormality was noted, except that on Nov. 7 the white cell count was 52,300 (76.5 % small lymphocytes).The Wassermann reaction, Mantoux test, and Paul-Bunnell reaction were all negative.By Nov. 20 the white cell count had dropped to 11,100 (51% small lymphocytes, 40% neutrophil polymorphs, and 3% eosinophils).He was then discharged to the out-patient department, and on Nov. 26 the white cells numbered 13,300 per c.mm. (lymphocytes 25%).He felt well and there were no abnormal signs.COMMENT This case is typical of infectious lymphocytosis, especially in the mild abdominal symptoms, the paucity of physical signs, the cervical adenitis, the leucocytosis with relative and absolute lymphocytosis due to increase in normal small lymphocytes, lasting three to five weeks, and the negative heterophile agglutination test.If the disease is due to a virus, as is to be supposed in the absence of a demonstrable bacterial agent, the blood changes are very unusual, since viral infections are characterized by leucopenia, the apparent lymphocytosis being only relative.As in the cases reported by Finucane and Philips a mild eosinophilia appeared as the total count fell.
249 PKC/PKA-INDEPENDENT ACTIVATION OF ERK1/2 BY THE ANGIOTENSIN-II TYPE1 RECEPTOR (AT1R) IN HYPOCONTRACTILE VESSELS FROM CIRRHOTIC RATS: EVIDENCE FOR RECEPTOR-SWITCHING IN CIRRHOSIS
Authors: M. Hennenberg, J. Trebicka, C. Stark, K. Shir, A. Eckhardt, T. Sauerbruch, J. Heller
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Learning from repression: Emotional memory and emotional numbing
Authors: Nick Medford, Anthony S. David
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Erdelyi argues persuasively for his unified theory of repression. Beyond this, what can studying repression bring to our understanding of other aspects of emotional function? Here we consider ways in which work on repression might inform the study of, on one hand, emotional memory, and on the other, the emotional numbing seen in patients with chronic persistent depersonalization symptoms.
CROMOLYN SODIUM: EFFECT ON LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION AND VIABILITY <i>IN VITRO</i>
Authors: NICHOLAS J. GROSS &, A. EDDIE QUARTEY
Journal: Allergy (1976)

The effect of cromolyn sodium on in vitro human lymphocyte viability and activation by phytohemagglutinin and PPD has been investigated in 24 subjects. The presence of cromolyn in the culture (10 mug/ml) significantly reduces the viability of lymphocytes at both 3 days and 5 days. This concentration is probably greater than that which would normally be present in the blood of patients receiving therapeutic amounts of cromolyn, but less than that to which pulmonary lymphocytes would be exposed following inhalation of cromolyn. Cromolyn in concentrations of 0.1 to 100 mug/ml has no effect upon thymidine uptake or viability of lymphocytes following phytohemagglutinin or PPD stimulation.
Sciatic Pain from Arteriosclerotic Aneurysm of Pelvic Arteries
Authors: Earle M. Chapman, Robert S. Shaw, Charles S. Kubik
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

THESE cases are reported to call attention to the association of severe sciatica with nerve compression from a pelvic aneurysm. Surprisingly this relation could be found only once described in the older literature.§ Its recognition is important since progress in reconstructive vascular surgery has made it possible to treat such aneurysms successfully, with prolongation of a comfortable life.Case ReportsCase 1. H.P.K. (M.G.H. 77–34–43), an 80-year-old man, entered the hospital on December 11, 1958, because of acute fever, vomiting and diarrhea. He had been under treatment during the previous 6 years for hypertensive arteriosclerotic heart disease, angina pectoris and . . .
Sustained Bacteremia and Transvenous Cardiac Pacemakers
Authors: Lourdes C. Corman
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Five patients with transvenous cardiac pacemakers had sustained staphylococcal bacteremia (defined as bacteremia for at least 12 hours) two weeks to ten months after pacemaker insertion. Three of the five patients had no evidence of an extravascular focus of infection at the time of staphylococcal bacteremia. An additional patient had a petechial rash, which is unusual in staphylococcal bacteremia, unless endocarditis is present. All patients were treated with antibiotics and drainage of the pacemaker pocket when it was infected, removal of the pacemaker generator, or removal of the catheter electrode. One patient without evidence of pocket infection was treated successfully with antibiotic therapy alone. (<i>JAMA</i>233:264-266, 1975)
THE SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTION OF PARAFFIN FOR THE CORRECTION OF DEFORMITIES OF THE NOSE.
Authors: F. GREGORY CONNELL
Journal: JAMA (1903)

<h3>INSTRUMENTS.</h3> The instruments necessary for the proper performance of this operation are very simple and very few. A special receptacle for the paraffin, as described by Smith, while convenient, is not essential. The syringe is the all-important consideration; an allmetal syringe is to be preferred because of the ease with which it may be absolutely sterilized by boiling. One with the screw worm on the piston rod, and on this the thumb screw that can be attached to the barrel of the syringe, is almost invaluable. The size of the syringe is not so very important; that it be not ungainly in the handling is about the only practical limitation. Smith and many others use one with a capacity of about 90 minims, while Downie employs one that will hold 10 c.c. (2.5 3). The needle should be short and but a little larger in diameter and lumen than is the ordinary hypodermic needle.
Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Sandra D Lyden, Lillian Nojadera
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

A 33-year-old woman, para 2, presented to the emergency department with a report of vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain of several days' duration. She had no history of pelvic inflammatory disease. Right adnexal tenderness was noted on physical examination. On screening, the serum β human chorionic gonadotropin level was 47,281 IU per liter, corresponding to an embryonic gestational age of six weeks. Ultrasonography demonstrated free fluid in the peritoneum, an empty uterus, and a right adnexal mass containing a gestational sac and live embryo. During emergency laparoscopy, the surgeon viewed the right ovary, which contained an intact chorion, and a . . .
Jejunal Sensitivity to Acid Peptic Digestion-Reply
Authors: Richard W. Ernst
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Dr. Dillard's comment in regard to jejunal sensitivity to acid-pepsin digestion, based on experiments he and Dr. Merendino have carried out and published, is correct.  Due to an oversight the phraseology was changed. We intended to emphasize through Dr. Dillard's publication that the colon is at least as resistant to acid-pepsin digestion as is the jejunum or ileum.
Association of Race and Sex With Risk of Incident Acute Coronary Heart Disease Events
Authors: Monika M. Safford, Todd M. Brown, Paul M. Muntner, Raegan W. Durant, Stephen Glasser, Jewell H. Halanych, James M. Shikany, Ronald J. Prineas, Tandaw Samdarshi, Vera A. Bittner, Cora E. Lewis, Christopher Gamboa, Mary Cushman, Virginia Howard, George Howard, for the REGARDS Investigators
Journal: JAMA (2012)

It is unknown whether long-standing disparities in incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) among US blacks and whites persist.
New Approaches to Antiarrhythmic Therapy
Authors: Douglas P. Zipes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

Concepts of antiarrhythmic therapy have undergone major changes in the past decade for a variety of reasons. First of all, electrophysiologic studies — ushered in by the observation1 that His-bundle activation could be recorded simply, safely, and reliably in human beings — have progressed from academic, research-oriented tools providing important data on mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis to procedures that yield useful clinical and therapeutic information. Tachyarrhythmias occurring infrequently can be initiated by cardiac stimulation in the laboratory; the electrophysiologic mechanisms can then be surmised, and the response to antiarrhythmic drugs evaluated. Preliminary information suggests that a drug that prevents the induction . . .
Video decision support tool for advance care planning in dementia: randomised controlled trial
Authors: A. E. Volandes, M. K. Paasche-Orlow, M. J. Barry, M. R. Gillick, K. L. Minaker, Y. Chang, E. F. Cook, E. D. Abbo, A. El-Jawahri, S. L. Mitchell
Journal: BMJ (2009)

To evaluate the effect of a video decision support tool on the preferences for future medical care in older people if they develop advanced dementia, and the stability of those preferences after six weeks.Randomised controlled trial conducted between 1 September 2007 and 30 May 2008. Setting Four primary care clinics (two geriatric and two adult medicine) affiliated with three academic medical centres in Boston.Convenience sample of 200 older people (>or=65 years) living in the community with previously scheduled appointments at one of the clinics. Mean age was 75 and 58% were women.Verbal narrative alone (n=106) or with a video decision support tool (n=94).Preferred goal of care: life prolonging care (cardiopulmonary resuscitation, mechanical ventilation), limited care (admission to hospital, antibiotics, but not cardiopulmonary resuscitation), or comfort care (treatment only to relieve symptoms). Preferences after six weeks. The principal category for analysis was the difference in proportions of participants in each group who preferred comfort care.Among participants receiving the verbal narrative alone, 68 (64%) chose comfort care, 20 (19%) chose limited care, 15 (14%) chose life prolonging care, and three (3%) were uncertain. In the video group, 81 (86%) chose comfort care, eight (9%) chose limited care, four (4%) chose life prolonging care, and one (1%) was uncertain (chi(2)=13.0, df=3, P=0.003). Among all participants the factors associated with a greater likelihood of opting for comfort care were being a college graduate or higher, good or better health status, greater health literacy, white race, and randomisation to the video arm. In multivariable analysis, participants in the video group were more likely to prefer comfort care than those in the verbal group (adjusted odds ratio 3.9, 95% confidence interval 1.8 to 8.6). Participants were re-interviewed after six weeks. Among the 94/106 (89%) participants re-interviewed in the verbal group, 27 (29%) changed their preferences (kappa=0.35). Among the 84/94 (89%) participants re-interviewed in the video group, five (6%) changed their preferences (kappa=0.79) (P<0.001 for difference).Older people who view a video depiction of a patient with advanced dementia after hearing a verbal description of the condition are more likely to opt for comfort as their goal of care compared with those who solely listen to a verbal description. They also have more stable preferences over time.Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00704886.
CDC study quantifies foodborne illnesses
Authors: J. Ciment
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The United States has about 75 million cases of foodborne illness annually, resulting in 325000 hospitalisations and roughly 5000 deaths, according to a new report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.

The study, entitled Food-Related Illness and Death in the United States, represents an effort to establish a baseline standard against which future progress in diagnosing and combating foodborne illness can be assessed.

Overall, the study notes that only …
Long-Lasting Behavioral Changes Following Prednisone Withdrawal
Authors: Mark Rapaport
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> Behavioral changes occurring during corticosteroid therapy are well recognized.<sup>1-3</sup>There have been few reports, however, of behavioral changes persisting well beyond the discontinuation of steroid treatment.<sup>2-3</sup>Freyberg et al<sup>3</sup>described a corticosteroid "withdrawal syndrome" characterized by fatigue, anorexia, discouragement, and depression in approximately 21% of their patients with rheumatoid arthritis, subsiding after 2 to 8 weeks and possibly representing an emotional response to clinical relapse. Given what we now know about the direct effects of corticosteroids on the central nervous system,<sup>4-6</sup>it is possible that such withdrawal syndromes represent the sequelae of corticosteroid actions on the central nervous system. Because of the widespread use of corticosteroids, it is important to investigate such behavioral reactions. We report here two cases of long-lasting behavioral disturbances that began during the tapering off of steroid medication, persisted for several weeks following steroid withdrawal, and were related
Delay in diagnosis of optic nerve and chiasmal compression presenting with unilateral failing vision.
Authors: J Garfield, G Neil-Dwyer
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Out of 29 patients who presented with failing vision in one eye due to optic nerve or chiasmal compression, compression was initially diagnosed in only five. The errors in diagnosis and lack of ophthalmological follow-up led to delays of up to many years with serious deterioration in acuity before referral for intracranial investigation. The chief causes of error were lack of charting of the visual fields, too ready acceptance of the diagnosis of the neuritis in the absence of essential features, and the infrequent use of skull radiographs.
1999 Medical Quality Management Sourcebook
Authors: William W. Frailey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Medical Writings: Book Notes6 July 19991999 Medical Quality Management SourcebookWilliam W. Frailey Jr., MDWilliam W. Frailey Jr., MDLehigh Valley Hospital, Allentown, Pennsylvania. (Frailey)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-1-199907060-00035 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Fifth edition. Coughlin K; ed. 598 pages. New York: Faulkner & Gray; 1998. $325.00. ISBN 1579870872. Order phone 800-535-8403.Field of medicine: Medical quality management.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Physician executives responsible for compliance with internal organizational and external oversight requirements in quality management and clinical performance improvement; medical staff leadership and medical directors of hospitals and care management organizations; and physicians who wish to better understand processes to improve clinical performance.Purpose: To provide a practical guide to understanding and responding to the measurement, reporting, and use of data to improve medical care and meet external review requirements.Content: ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Lehigh Valley Hospital, Allentown, Pennsylvania. (Frailey) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 6 July 1999Volume 131, Issue 1Page: 79-80KeywordsComputer softwareHealth careHealth care providersHealth care quality assessmentHealth information technologyInformation technologyMedical staffMotivationPatientsPrevention, policy, and public health ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 6 July 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
2012 was a good year for happiness in the UK, finds survey
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2013)

People in the United Kingdom reported rising levels of happiness in 2012, rating their satisfaction with life significantly higher than in previous years and the things they did more worthwhile, while levels of anxiety fell.

The results are the first year by year comparison possible under the programme launched by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) in 2010 to measure people’s wellbeing. The programme has now gathered two years’ worth of data from questions answered by 65 000 people each year as part of the national household survey.1 2 3 They show that 2012 was a good year for happiness, possibly boosted by the Queen’s diamond jubilee, with its …
Circulating E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in men with coronary artery disease assessed by angiography and disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism
Authors: Irina Kowalska, Marek Str[aogon ]czkowski, Malgorzata Szelachowska, Ida Kinalska, Jolanta Prokop, Hanna Bach[oacute]rzewska-Gajewska, Agnieszka St[ecedil]pien
Journal: Metabolism (2002)
Gonococcal Cultures-Reply
Authors: William C. Feng
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Polkowski's results add additional data to the growing evidence that a first-voided urine (FVU) sample is at least as sensitive as a urethral swab for culturing gonococci from men with urethritis. The author's observation that the FVU culture method is more acceptable to male patients than urethral-inserted swabs may be of considerable importance in increasing male participation in both screen testing and post-treatment tests of cure. The wide discrepancy Polkowski reported between the results of the Gram-stained smears and cultures of urethral discharge points up an important problem. Dans and Judson<sup>1</sup>carried out a novel study testing the reliability of the Gram-stain smear relative to the experience of the smear reader. These authors had two technicians. Technician 1 was long experienced in reading Gram-stained smears of urethral discharge from men; technician 2 was well qualified in other areas of microbiology but had no prior experience in reading
Effects of polyhalogenated aromatic compounds on porphyrin metabolism.
Authors: R H Hill
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Heme production is a vital metabolic process that occurs in the bone marrow and liver. Porphyrins are unused by-products of this biosynthetic process and normally occur in urine and other body fluids in low concentrations. Various disorders can disrupt the heme biosynthetic process, causing greater quantities of porphyrins in urine. The porphyrias are a group of diseases characterized by excessive porphyrins and other precursors in urine. Porphyrias may be either hereditary or acquired through exposure to certain drugs or chemicals. Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is the disease associated with exposure to polyhalogenated aromatic compounds. The urinary porphyrin pattern is of great value in diagnosing PCT and defining the etiology of the disease. As this liver disease from chemical damage develops, the urinary pattern progressively changes. With the development of a rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, urinary porphyrin patterns can be easily monitored. All free porphyrin acids can be quantitatively analyzed in less than 15 min. In our studies of groups exposed to porphyrinogenic chemicals, we have not observed clear differences in the urinary porphyrin patterns of cases when compared with carefully selected controls. In animal studies, however, PCT was clearly associated with polybrominated biphenyl exposure. Future evaluation of the utility of urinary porphyrin patterns as a diagnostic tool will require a cohort that has received a recent, well-documented exposure and a comparable control population. Assay of erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity will also be needed to define the form of the PCT.
Lesions of Cardiac Conduction Tissue in Rheumatoid Aortitis
Authors: Leslie H. Sobin
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The clinical and anatomic findings of a patient with rheumatoid spondylitis, cardiac conduction disturbances, and aortitis with aortic insufficiency are presented. Postmortem examination showed, for the first time, destruction of the atrioventricular conduction bundle by lesions characteristic of rheumatoid disease. Because of the proximity of the root of the aorta to the atrioventricular conduction bundle, diseases of the root of the aorta can be expected to affect cardiac conduction. This case is further significant in that it provides a morphologic explanation for the association between rheumatoid spondylitis and cardiac conduction defects.
EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID SUPPRESSES THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF C-REACTIVE PROTEIN OVEREXPRESSION ON PRESSURE OVERLOAD-INDUCED CARDIAC REMODELING VIA ATTENUATING INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE AND OXIDATIVE STRESS
Authors: Toshiyuki Nagai, Toshihisa Anzai, Hidehiro Kaneko, Yoshinori Mano, Atsushi Anzai, Yuichiro Maekawa, Toshiyuki Takahashi, Tsutomu Yoshikawa, Keiichi Fukuda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
The absence of edge effect after implantation of sirolimus-eluting stents to treat in-stent restenosis: a three-dimensional intravascular ultrasound volumetric analysis
Authors: Alexandra Abizaid, Patrick Serruys, Andrea Abizaid, Fausto Feres, Marinella Centemero, Luiz A. Mattos, Judith L. Jaeger, David Foley, Yoshio Kobayashi, Pim de Feyter, Amanda Sousa, J.Eduardo Sousa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)