tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<b> <i>NOD2</i> </b> 3020insC Alone Is Not Sufficient for Colorectal Cancer Predisposition
Authors: Pia Alhopuro, Taru Ahvenainen, Jukka-Pekka Mecklin, Matti Juhola, Heikki J. Järvinen, Auli Karhu, Lauri A. Aaltonen
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Mutations in NOD2 have been shown to associate with increased susceptibility to Crohn’s disease. A recent Polish study linked the truncating NOD2 3020insC variant with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) at an older age (&amp;gt;50 years) of disease onset, with an odds ratio of 2.23. We studied the possible contribution of the 3020insC variant to CRC risk in a series of 1,042 Finnish population-based patients from which 926 samples were successfully analyzed and in 348 anonymous cancer-free controls. The frequency of the 3020insC mutation was 3.7% in both CRC patients (34 of 926, including 1 homozygote) and cancer-free controls (13 of 348; odds ratio, 0.98; confidence interval, 0.51–1.88). Contrary to the Polish study, there was no significant difference in the mutation rates between CRC patients &amp;gt; 50 years of age (25 of 576; 4.3%) and controls in the present series. We studied respective tumor tissue DNAs of all patients displaying heterozygous 3020insC changes for loss of heterozygosity. Loss of heterozygosity at NOD2 was observed in only 1 of the 33 CRC samples. Our results suggest that NOD2 3020insC alone does not contribute to CRC risk. If this variant predisposes to CRC, additional factors not present in the Finnish population need to be involved.
Streptokinase and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Jay M. Sullivan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

The results of several multicenter studies on the treatment of acute myocardial infarction with streptokinase are now in. Although the results are variable and, when all of the trials are considered, the impact on overall mortality is rather small, the report appearing in today's Journal suggests that a subgroup of "medium-risk" patients benefit from fibrinolytic therapy.Streptokinase activates the plasminogen that is bound to fibrin in a thrombus and leads to lysis of the clot. This compound is not given to dissolve the clot that may have caused the acute infarction, because irreversible damage of myocardial tissue occurs 30 to . . .
The zebrafish: heritable disorders in transparent embryos.
Authors: W Driever, M C Fishman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

elegant embryological work on early development of frog or chick, and targeted gene mutation in mice?It is true that similarities abound between Drosophila and human.Despite separation from a presumptive common ancestor over the last 400 million years, there is conservation of genetic programs which direct gastrulation, axial determination, and metameric regionalization.However, several new features characterize the vertebrate which are not present in invertebrates.For example, the notochord, the transient embryonic backbone which defines chordates, is not only a support system but also generates signals which are required for the differentiation of adjacent nervous system, bone, and muscle.The neural crest, the migratory cells from the nervous system which contribute to the face, pharyngeal arches, heart, peripheral nervous system, and melanocytes, also appears to be a vertebrate invention.The vertebrate heart, vasculature, kidney, and gut derivatives such as pancreas, have no clear Drosophila cognates, although elements may have emerged in invertebrates by convergent evolution.Therefore, it is important to turn to a vertebrate, and to one established as a genetic system.The mouse is ideal in this regard for study of late-acting genes, but the opacity of mother and uterus makes early development less accessible, and large-scale screens are prohibitively expensive. Status of the zebrafishFifteen years ago George Streisinger introduced as a genetic organism the zebrafish, a fresh water tropical cyprinid fish (1).
Is There a Difference Between Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Bleeding Induced by Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Other Causes in Elderly Patients?
Authors: Y. Küçükardalı, Y. Yazgan, M. Danacı
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

Reading the review by Rollhauser and Fleischerl [1] prompted us to present here our experience with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in the elderly.
The Anatomic Basis of Connections Between the Coronary Sinus Musculature and the Left Atrium in Humans
Authors: Michel Chauvin, Dipen C. Shah, Michel Haïssaguerre, Luc Marcellin, Claude Brechenmacher
Journal: Circulation (2000)

This study determined the histological features of the atrial myocardium connecting the coronary sinus and the left atrium in humans.Ten necropsied hearts were studied by performing serial longitudinal sections parallel to the long axis of the coronary sinus that extended its full length using a large microtome. In all specimens, the venous wall of the coronary sinus was surrounded by a cuff of striated muscle extending 40+/-8 mm from the ostium. Striated myocardial connections of varying number and morphology left this coronary muscle cuff and connected to the left atrium; they ranged from 1 to 2 fascicles to a widely intermingled continuum (thickness, 2.79+/-2 mm; width, 2.91+/-3.5 mm). These connections originated 8.8+/-5.7 mm from the coronary sinus ostium and inserted 18+/-11 mm distally into the left atrium. The insulating compartment in which the connections traversed between the left atrium and the coronary sinus was mostly formed of adipose tissue. The valve of Vieussens was found in 6 hearts at a mean distance of 3.4+/-3.2 mm from the distal extremity of the coronary sinus muscle cuff.In the human heart, a consistent but morphologically variable left atrial coronary sinus myocardial connection was found. This emphasizes the need for surgical dissection or catheter ablation in or around the coronary sinus to eliminate these connections.
Immunoreactivity of p63 in Monolayered and In Vitro Stratified Human Urothelial Cell Cultures Compared with Native Urothelial Tissue
Authors: Gerhard Feil, Sabine Maurer, Udo Nagele, Jutta Krug, Conny Bock, Karl-Dietrich Sievert, Arnulf Stenzl
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Melanoma mouse model implicates metabotropic glutamate signaling in melanocytic neoplasia
Authors: Pamela M. Pollock, Karine Cohen-Solal, Raman Sood, Jin Namkoong, Jeffrey J. Martino, Aruna Koganti, Hua Zhu, Christiane Robbins, Izabela Makalowska, Seung-Shick Shin, Yari Marin, Kathleen G. Roberts, Laura M. Yudt, Amy Chen, Jun Cheng, Arturo Incao, Heather W. Pinkett, Christopher L Graham, Karen Dunn, Steven M. Crespo-Carbone, Kerine R. Mackason, Kevin B. Ryan, Daniel Sinsimer, James Goydos, Kenneth R. Reuhl, Michael Eckhaus, Paul S. Meltzer, William J. Pavan, Jeffrey M. Trent, Suzie Chen
Journal: Nature Genetics (2003)
ENDOCRINE ASPECTS OF INFERTILITY IN MEN
Authors: Peter M. F. Bishop
Journal: JAMA (1953)

It is clear that the development of the fertile testicle depends primarily on its ability to respond to stimulation, on the production of gonadotrophic hormones by the pituitary to provide that stimulation, and on the existence of intact neurohumoral pathways from the hypothalamus to ensure that production and liberation of the gonadotrophic hormones take place. The principal endocrine factors in infertility in men are, therefore, likely to be associated with disorders of this hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Whether extra-axial endocrine factors play an important part in the etiology of infertility in men is a matter of some interest, though to my knowledge there is little reliable clinical or experimental evidence concerning the effect of other endocrine glands on the components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Diabetes, for instance, is sometimes accompanied by impotence, but is a diabetic man otherwise inclined to be infertile? Meaker in 1934 thought so, but is there any modern
Hepatic venular stenosis after orthotopic liver transplantation
Authors: Amar P. Dhillon, Andrew K. Burroughs, Mark Hudson, Neil Shah, Keith Rolles, Peter J. Scheuer
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Fibrous stenosis of hepatic venules and other features of venous outflow obstruction, including zone 3 congestion and hemorrhage, are sometimes seen after orthotopic liver transplantation. similar changes associated with endothelial damage have recently been ascribed to azathioprine toxicity and may be forerunners of chronic rejection. Other potential causative agents such as viral hepatitis have yet to be considered. We reviewed 49 liver biopsy specimens from 21 consecutive patients after orthotopic liver transplantation, in whom full data including further follow-up biopsy samples were available. Hepatic venous stenosis was identified in seven patients who had received azathioprine and two additional patients in whom this change could not be ascribed to azathioprine. Stenosis was always associated with zone 3 hemorrhage and congestion and was first noted between 5 and 30 days after transplantation in all but two cases; in these two patients they were first noted after 72 and 133 days. Cellular rejection, including endotheliitis involving terminal hepatic venules, was found in five of the seven patients who had received azathioprine. Chronic (ductopenic) rejection was not seen during a follow-up period of between 97 and 540 days. In three of the nine patients with hepatic venular stenosis, zone 3 changes persisted, and in two of these azathioprine could not be held responsible. Of the 12 patients without hepatic venular stenosis, 10 had received azathioprine. Two of these 12 patients had peliosis-like foci but no other vascular abnormalities. Both also had moderate cellular rejection. Hepatic venular stenosis was found in 43% of patients after liver transplantation; this was usually associated with azathioprine administration and concomitant cellular rejection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
IMPACT OF POST-PROCEDURE MINIMUM STENT AREA ON 8-MONTH FOLLOW-UP PATENCY BETWEEN SIROLIMUS- AND PACLITAXEL-ELUTING STENTS: AN INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND ANALYSIS
Authors: Kennosuke Yamashita, Masahiko Ochiai, Kazuhiro Ashida, Toshitaka Okabe, Myonghwa Yamamoto, Koichi Hoshimoto, Shigeo Saito, Yuki Mikoshiba, Tadayuki Yakushiji, Naoei Isomura, Hiroshi Araki, Chiaki Obara
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Dopamine Neurons Control Striatal Cholinergic Neurons via Regionally Heterogeneous Dopamine and Glutamate Signaling
Authors: Nao Chuhma, Susana Mingote, Holly Moore, Stephen Rayport
Journal: Neuron (2014)

Midbrain dopamine neurons fire in bursts conveying salient information. Bursts are associated with pauses in tonic firing of striatal cholinergic interneurons. Although the reciprocal balance of dopamine and acetylcholine in the striatum is well known, how dopamine neurons control cholinergic neurons has not been elucidated. Here, we show that dopamine neurons make direct fast dopaminergic and glutamatergic connections with cholinergic interneurons, with regional heterogeneity. Dopamine neurons drive a burst-pause firing sequence in cholinergic interneurons in the medial shell of the nucleus accumbens, mixed actions in the accumbens core, and a pause in the dorsal striatum. This heterogeneity is due mainly to regional variation in dopamine-neuron glutamate cotransmission. A single dose of amphetamine attenuates dopamine neuron connections to cholinergic interneurons with dose-dependent regional specificity. Overall, the present data indicate that dopamine neurons control striatal circuit function via discrete, plastic connections with cholinergic interneurons.
Abstract 2655: Visualization of G1 arrest of cell cycle induced by inhibition of PI-3 kinase in cancer cells: in vitro evaluations
Authors: Yumiko Mukai, Shingo Dan, Mutsumi Okamura, Yasumichi Inoue, Aki Hanyu, Asako Sakaue-Sawano, Takeshi Imamura, Atsushi Miyawaki, Takao Yamori
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is frequently activated in cancer, and is considered as a promising therapeutic target of cancer therapy. Since PI3K pathway mediates growth- and anti-apoptotic signals, inhibition of PI3K is expected to induce apoptosis and/or growth arrest in cancer cells. We previously developed Fluorescent Ubiquitination-based Cell Cycle Indicator (Fucci) system to enable real-time visualization of cell cycle progression in live cells. Taking advantage of Fucci system, we examined cell cycle progression after treatment of various PI3K inhibitors by using a time-lapse fluorescent microscope. As a result, we could visualize the induction of G1 arrest of cell cycle in breast cancer MCF-7 cells within 24 h after treatment with ZSTK474, and the G1 arrest lasted at least 48 h. Similar results were obtained after treatment with other PI3K inhibitors such as NVP-BEZ235 and GDC-0941. These results clearly indicate that PI3K inhibitors exert antitumor activity via a cytostatic mechanism by inducing G1 arrest of cell cycle. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2655. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2655
Midterm Benefits of Left Univentricular Pacing in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Jean-Jacques Blanc, Valérie Bertault-Valls, Marjaneh Fatemi, Martine Gilard, Pierre-Yves Pennec, Yves Etienne
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Resynchronization therapy by simultaneous pacing of the right and left ventricles has gained wide acceptance as a useful treatment for patients with severe congestive heart failure. Several short-term hemodynamic studies in humans and animals failed to demonstrate any benefit of biventricular pacing over left univentricular pacing, but long-term studies on this pacing mode are lacking. The objective of this study was to assess the outcome over a 1-year period of patients paced exclusively in the left ventricle.Clinical, angiographic, echocardiographic, and ergometric data were collected at baseline and after 12 months in 22 patients (age, 69.3+/-6.5 years) with NYHA class III or IV (10 patients), sinus rhythm, left bundle-branch block, and no bradycardia indication for pacing. After 12 months, compared with baseline values, NYHA class improved significantly by 40% (P<0.0001), 6-minute walk distance by 30% (P=0.01), peak VO2 by 26% (P=0.01), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter by 5% (P=0.02), ejection fraction by 22% (P=0.07), mitral regurgitation area by 40% (P=0.01), and norepinephrine level by 37% (P=0.04).In patients with severe congestive heart failure, sinus rhythm, and left bundle-branch block despite optimal pharmacological treatment, left univentricular pacing is feasible and results in significant midterm benefit in exercise tolerance and left ventricular function.
Foscarnet Therapy for Severe Acyclovir-Resistant Herpes Simplex Virus Type-2 Infections in Patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Authors: Kim S. Erlich
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Study Objective: To determine whether trisodium phosphonoformate (foscarnet) is efficacious in treating severe mucocutaneous disease due to acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) infection in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Design: Open-labeled drug administration to patients with AIDS and severe ulcerative disease due to acyclovir-resistant HSV-2 infection. Setting: Medical floors of acute care hospital. Patients: Four patients with AIDS who developed progressive ulcerative mucocutaneous lesions of the genitals, perineum, perianal region, or finger due to acyclovir-resistant, thymidine-kinase (TK)-negative strains of HSV-2. Intervention: Foscarnet, 60 mg/kg body weight intravenously every 8 hours (with reduced dosage for renal impairment), for 12 to 50 days. Measurement and Main Results: All patients receiving foscarnet had dramatic improvement in their clinical findings with marked clearing of mucocutaneous lesions and eradication of HSV from mucosal surfaces. Conclusion: Foscarnet may be an effective treatment for severe mucocutaneous disease due to acyclovir-resistant, TK-negative strains of HSV-2.
Synthesis, permeability and biocompatibility of tricomponent membranes containing polyethylene glycol, polydimethylsiloxane and polypentamethylcyclopentasiloxane domains
Authors: P. Kurian, B. Kasibhatla, J. Daum, C.A. Burns, M. Moosa, K.S. Rosenthal, J.P. Kennedy
Journal: Biomaterials (2003)
Primary cutaneous apocrine carcinoma presenting as carcinoma erysipeloides
Authors: P.M.H. Cham, G.A. Niehans, N. Foman, P. Suwattee
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Conflict of interest: none declared. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs. Sir, Primary cutaneous apocrine carcinoma of the skin can pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. We report a case of a primary cutaneous apocrine carcinoma that masqueraded as cellulitis. A 90‐year‐old man with a history of colon adenocarcinoma presented with a left facial lesion which had rapidly spread to his anterior neck and the contralateral cheek over 6 weeks. Although the patient denied any constitutional symptoms, he experienced tightness over his lower face and neck. A well‐demarcated, erythematous, firm plaque was present on the inferior margins of both cheeks and anterior neck (Fig. 1), with woody oedema overlying the involved areas. Breast examination did not reveal any abnormality. Our initial clinical differential diagnosis included allergic contact dermatitis, erysipelas, cellulitis, panniculitis and carcinoma erysipeloides. Histology revealed single, and sheets of, pleomorphic cells with eosinophilic fine granules infiltrating the dermis and the subcutaneous tissue, sparing the epidermis (Fig. 2). On immunohistochemistry, these tumour cells stained positively for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), pancytokeratin, cytokeratin isotype (CK) 7 and gross cystic disease fluid protein‐15 (GCDFP‐15), but negatively for oestrogen and progesterone receptors. The tumour lacked melanocytic (MART‐1, S100) and lymphoid markers (CD45, CD43, CD30 and CD79a), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CK5/6, CK20, E‐cadherin, prostate‐specific antigen, thyroid transcription factor‐1 and mucicarmine. Human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2 (HER2/neu) protein was moderately positive (2+). Subsequent fluorescence in situ hybridization study did not show amplification. Computed tomography scans revealed an ill‐defined mass over the left cheek invading the buccinator muscles with a prominent left parotid lymph node. Bone scan did not show any evidence of metastasis. A thorough otolaryngological examination revealed no vocal cord involvement.
Hepatic encephalopathy is associated with decreased cerebral oxygen metabolism and blood flow, not increased ammonia uptake
Authors: Gitte Dam, Susanne Keiding, Ole L. Munk, Peter Ott, Hendrik Vilstrup, Lasse K. Bak, Helle S. Waagepetersen, Arne Schousboe, Michael Sφrensen
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Abstract Studies have shown decreased cerebral oxygen metabolism (CMRO 2 ) and blood flow (CBF) in patients with cirrhosis with hepatic encephalopathy (HE). It remains unclear, however, whether these disturbances are associated with HE or with cirrhosis itself and how they may relate to arterial blood ammonia concentration and cerebral metabolic rate of blood ammonia (CMRA). We addressed these questions in a paired study design by investigating patients with cirrhosis during and after recovery from an acute episode of HE type C. CMRO 2 , CBF, and CMRA were measured by dynamic positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT). Ten patients with cirrhosis were studied during an acute episode of HE; nine were reexamined after recovery. Nine patients with cirrhosis with no history of HE served as controls. Mean CMRO 2 increased from 0.73 μmol oxygen/mL brain tissue/min during HE to 0.91 μmol oxygen/mL brain tissue/min after recovery (paired t test; P &lt; 0.05). Mean CBF increased from 0.28 mL blood/mL brain tissue/min during HE to 0.38 mL blood/mL brain tissue/min after recovery ( P &lt; 0.05). After recovery from HE, CMRO 2 and CBF were not significantly different from values in the control patients. Arterial blood ammonia concentration decreased 20% after recovery ( P &lt; 0.05) and CMRA was unchanged ( P &gt; 0.30); both values were higher than in the control patients (both P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion : The low values of CMRO 2 and CBF observed during HE increased after recovery from HE and were thus associated with HE rather than the liver disease as such. The changes in CMRO 2 and CBF could not be linked to blood ammonia concentration or CMRA. (Hepatology 2013)
Zinc sulphate and bedsores.
Authors: C. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (1968)

gations: chest x-ray normal; Hb 55%; W.B.C. 7,100 with normal diffierential; iron deficiency on the blood film; E.S.R. 138 mm. in one hour; Paul-Bunnell test negative.Blood culture revealed Haemophilus influenzae type B sensitive to all the usual antibiotics except sulphonamide.This child was treated with ampicillin and made a good recovery.My point in recording this case history is to emphasize that septicaemia due to Haemo- philus influenzae may not be as rare as we had thought and one can easily envisage such a child as I have mentioned developing osteomyelitis due to this organism.-Iam, etc.,
Gas Gangrene: Recent Cases
Authors: John M. Roberts
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE PREVENTION and treatment of gas gangrene attracts great interest in the care of battle casualties; however, often in peacetime, the threat of clostridial infection is forgotten. A review by Altemeier and Furste1showed an average incident of 1.76 per cent of gas gangrene in war wounds of violence. Contamination with soil or clothing and delay of treatment may be duplicated in civilian injuries. Therefore, in the care of any contaminated wound, potential clostridial infection must be kept in mind.  Early meticulous excision of devitalized tissue is the fundamental prophylactic treatment for contaminated wounds. Equally basic is the principle of open-wound treatment followed by either delayed closure or healing by secondary intention. Primary closure or inadequate opening of contaminated wounds prevents free drainage, creates vascular compression, and may result in tissue necrosis. Necrotic and ischemic tissues provide the ideal medium for growth of clostridia. Gas gangrene supervenes in