tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Combined Chemotherapy-Radiotherapy Program
Authors: Lillian M. Fuller
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Hodgkin's disease programs designed to treat patients with stage IIIA disease with radiotherapy, and patients with stage IIIB disease with chemotherapy, deprive both categories of a possible additive effect from the other treatment modality. A desirable goal for combined treatment programs would be optimal chemotherapy for sterilization of extranodal foci, and radical radiotherapy for control of gross disease. Because of limitations of the peripheral blood cell counts even in splenectomized patients,<sup>25</sup>chemotherapy-radiotherapy studies should be initiated with considerable caution. To insure definitive treatment with radiotherapy, some compromise in the number of preliminary courses of chemotherapy is acceptable initially. Initial experience with a combined treatment program was based on the results of the COP regimen, ie, cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan), vincristine sulfate (Oncovin), prednisone (Deltasone), in the treatment of stages III and IV Hodgkin's disease.<sup>20</sup>Our plan was to administer one course of cyclophosphamide intravenously (20 mg/ kg of body weight)
JAMA Mailing Labels
Authors: DAVID PENT
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> My scientific inquiring spirit and just plain curiosity have been aroused by the computer-produced mailing label on my copy ofThe Journal. Would you please be so kind as to explain what the numbers represent. There are 27 characters in the keyline of each subscriber. For purposes of demonstration we shall number these 1 through 27, using Dr. Pent's code numbers in parentheses. (G)—The first character is a<i>traffic key</i>to indicate mailing and car loading sequence for distribution from the printing plant. (85004)—<i>Postal Zip Code</i>. (03)—<i>State Code</i>. (00)—These two character spaces represented the County Code on the old labels, but are no longer needed and are replaced by 00 on revised labels. (0351954079) —<i>Personal Code</i>. For domestic physicians this ten-digit code is the Medical Education number of the physician. For non-physicians the first three positions in this code
Prevention of venous thromboembolism after total knee replacement by high-dose aspirin or intermittent calf and thigh compression.
Authors: R McKenna, J Galante, F Bachmann, D L Wallace, P S Kaushal, P Meredith
Journal: BMJ (1980)

A prospective study of patients undergoing total knee replacement was carried out by using a combination of 125I-fibrinogen scanning and phlebography, and showed a high incidence of venous thromboembolic disease (TE). Ventilation-perfusion lung scanning was performed to detect pulmonary emboli in most patients. High doses of aspirin and an intermittent low-pressure pneumatic compression device (IPCD) were effective, even in women, in preventing TE. Low doses of aspirin and placebo were equally ineffective in preventing TE. Lung-scan abnormalities compatible with pulmonary emboli were found in six out of 10 patients with isolated calf-vein thrombi. Conventional tests of platelet function did not predict the development of TE. No significant differences were found between the patients receiving low and high doses of aspirin with respect to the mean template bleeding time or platelet aggregation in response to adenosine diphosphate, collagen, and epinephrine, although these variables were significantly abnormal in the two groups receiving aspirin compared with those treated with placebo and the IPCD. Thus high doses of aspirin and a new low-pressure IPCD were effective in preventing venous TE in patients (predominantly women) undergoing total knee replacement.
Can We IMPROVE-CHF Management By Measuring Natriuretic Peptides?
Authors: Barry Greenberg
Journal: Circulation (2007)

A cute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is a major public health problem throughout the world.In the United States alone, this condition accounts for Ͼ1 million hospitalizations annually, and it is likely that this number will increase in the future just as it has done over the past several decades. 1 Although some progress has been made in reducing in-hospital death rates and length of hospital stay for ADHF, mortality and readmission rates over the 6-month period after discharge remain alarmingly high.In addition, costs of managing patients with ADHF are substantial, with Ϸ60% of all funds spent on heart failure being consumed during hospitalizations.Despite recognition of the importance of ADHF, however, there has been little progress in either defining universally accepted management strategies or generating new treatment approaches that alter these outcomes.
Training and Certification of Clinical Microbiologists
Authors: A. BALOWS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Microbiologists are being effectively absorbed into the labor market. As a group they have a considerably lower unemployment rate (1.2%) than the national average. This is also applicable to medical and clinical microbiologists. Certification of microbiologists by nationally recognized certifying organizations is standardized for those with bachelor's or master's degrees. For those with doctorate degrees there are inconsistencies of postdoctoral training requirements and of reciprocal recognition of the two major certifying organizations. Bilateral reciprocal recognition of board-certified doctoral-level microbiologists is vital for meeting manpower needs. Improved and equitable certification could be achieved by maintaining an adequate number of funded, approved training programs in medical and clinical microbiology and augmenting them with uniform continuing medical education programs designed to meet the requirements for periodic recertification.
Conjugated Estrogens Acutely Abolish Abnormal Cold-Induced Coronary Vasoconstriction in Male Cardiac Allografts
Authors: Steven E. Reis, Vishwajeth Bhoopalam, Kathleen A. Zell, Peter J. Counihan, A. J. Conrad Smith, Si Pham, Srinivas Murali
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Transplant-associated coronary arteriopathy is manifested in its early stages by paradoxical coronary artery constriction in response to endothelium-dependent vasodilator stimuli such as the cold pressor test (CPT) and is a major cause of death or retransplantation. Estrogen has vasoactive properties that abolish coronary artery endothelial dysfunction in native hearts. We hypothesized that estrogen attenuates inappropriate coronary artery constriction in cardiac allografts. Methods and Results —Coronary artery diameter and systemic hemodynamic responses to a 90-second CPT were measured before and 15 minutes after double-blind, randomized administration of intravenous conjugated estrogens (1.25 mg) or placebo in men with male cardiac allografts. Before estrogen, 9 men exhibited an abnormal 15.1±3.0% CPT-induced decrease in coronary artery diameter. However, repeat CPT did not induce significant coronary artery constriction when performed 15 minutes after estrogen. CPT responses before and after estrogen were significantly different ( P =.02). Placebo did not influence coronary artery responses to CPT in 6 men. Systemic hemodynamic responses to CPT were not influenced by estrogen or placebo. Estrogen was the only significant determinant of changes in coronary artery responses to CPT. Conclusions —Conjugated estrogens acutely abolish abnormal CPT-induced coronary artery constriction in male cardiac allografts. This favorable vasomotor effect suggests that estrogen may prevent inappropriate coronary artery constriction in men with cardiac transplants.
18F-FDG PET/CT for Staging and Detection of Extramedullary Organ Involvement in Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia
Authors: Thorsten Derlin, Till Sebastian Clauditz, Peter Bannas
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a rare hematologic malignancy characterized by the accumulation of monocytes in the blood and bone marrow, dysplastic hematopoiesis, and potential leukemic involvement of organs. We report a case of leukemic involvement of cervical lymph nodes detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT. A 53-year-old woman with CMML and newly diagnosed cervical lymphadenopathy underwent whole-body PET/CT for evaluation of extramedullary disease. PET demonstrated marked tracer uptake in cervical lymph nodes. Histopathological evaluation revealed leukemic involvement. 18F-FDG PET/CT is a valuable tool enabling sensitive staging of CMML, particularly in case of extramedullary organ involvement.
NAPHTHOL--ITS MEDICINAL USE AND VALUE.
Authors: JOHN V. SHOEMAKER
Journal: JAMA (1883)

Read before the Philadelphia County Medical Society, Wednesday evening, October 17, 1883.] Nathol is one of the remedies of recent introduction, and of the two products of that name the B napthol is the one which was first used by Prof. Kaposi as a substitute for the tar preparations in skin diseases. It was thought by him as the essential and curative ingredient of tar while it was free from any objectionable features of the latter. My attention was directed to this remedial agent by Dr. Justus Wolff, a chemist largely interested in the manufacture of coal tar products, who kindly furnished me a paper on the chemistry of this substance along with some novel properties which he had observed in it. As this paper, however, is too long for reproduction here in its entirety and besides is largely of chemical interest only, I will here give it briefly in
Serum Transaminase Levels in Experimental Pulmonary Infarction
Authors: CLARENCE M. AGRESS, HARVEY F. GLASSNER, HOWARD I. JACOBS
Journal: Circulation Research (1956)

No significant increases in serum transaminase levels were produced in acute experimental pulmonary infarction. Although significant transaminase levels have been observed in both clinical and experimental acute myocardial infarction, it was found that a minimal myocardial infarction (5 per cent) is associated with greater rises than that found with pulmonary infarction of the order of 45 per cent.
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and stem cell factor improve endogenous repair after myocardial infarction
Authors: P KANELLAKIS, N SLATER, X DU, A BOBIK, D CURTIS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Objective The aims of this study were, first, to determine if granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and stem cell factor (SCF) improved left ventricular function in the setting of a reperfusion model of myocardial infarction (MI) and, second, to evaluate the effects of G-CSF/SCF on cellular repair and, in particular, the fate of bone marrow cells homing to the site of tissue injury.
The Horror of Life
Authors: George Dunea
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In 1889, Friedrich Nietzsche collapsed in the streets of Turin, his arms thrown around the neck of a mare that had just been flogged by a coachman. He lived for another 12 years, hopelessly insane, while his pre-Fascist sister had already begun to reinterpret his writings. Although his illness has sometimes been ascribed to loneliness and overwork, or to some terrible emotional turmoil, medical opinion has generally favored the diagnosis of general paresis. We find that the tendency to attribute the maladies (and perhaps even the genius) of great writers to lues has persisted well into the 20th century. It is not surprising, then, that five of the greatest French writers of the 19th century, subjects of Roger Williams'<i>The Horror of Life</i>, should have likewise been assumed to have suffered from syphilis. They had all contracted venereal disease in their youth, they lived at a time when syphilis was
Distribution of yttrium 90 ferric hydroxide colloid and gold 198 colloid after injection into knee.
Authors: E D Williams, D E Caughey, P J Hurley, M B John
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1976)

Thirteen knees were injected with yttrium 90(90Y) ferric hydroxide colloid, and 12 with gold 198(198Au) colloid for treatment of persistent synovitis. Retention in the knee and uptake in lymph nodes and liver were measured by a quantitative scanning technique. There was no significant difference in the retention in the knee of the two different colloids. A tendency towards higher lymph node uptake was observed with 198Au compared with 90y. The inflammatory activity of the knee at the time of treatment may have influenced the subsequent lymph node uptake of 198Au, but not that of the 90Y, nor the overall leakage of either from the knee. 90Yferric hydroxide colloid was retained in the treated knee at least as well as other colloids which have been used for this purpose.
Government looks for exit strategy from IT contract
Authors: M. Cross
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> As HIV rates have stagnated across the United States, the rate of new HIV infections in Colorado increased by 1.8% from 2014–2019. Increasing pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake and retention is an important component of the United States’ Ending the HIV Epidemic campaign to address these rates. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic significantly limited in-person appointments to the Denver Public Health (DPH) STI Clinic and threatened to derail the clinics PrEP services. <h3>Approach</h3> In March 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the resultant mandatory stay at home order, the DPH STI Clinic rapidly converted in-clinic PrEP care to a telehealth delivery system. Patients were evaluated for PrEP services via telephone or web-based video platform. In-clinic lab only appointments were completed prior to release of mailed or in-person pick-up PrEP prescriptions. To evaluate patient perceptions, a patient satisfaction survey was electronically delivered to 212 patients receiving telehealth PrEP start visits in the 6 months after implementation. <h3>Outcomes/Impact</h3> The DPH STI Clinic was able to maintain 93% of the monthly PrEP start visit volume (57 PrEP start visits/month average) in the six months after implementing telehealth services compared to the six months prior (61 PrEP start visits/month average). Fourteen percent (30/212) of patients receiving the patient satisfaction survey completed the survey. Greater than 90% (21/23) of responding patients agreed that telehealth appointments and lab only visits were easy to schedule and complete. Patients preferred telehealth PrEP visits (92%; 22/24) to traditional in-clinic visits. <h3>Innovation</h3> Telehealth is a rapidly emerging care delivery model that has revolutionized HIV prevention services. Use of telehealth PrEP visits allowed continued support of PrEP initiation during COVID-19 and was well received by patients compared to traditional in-clinic visits.
Renal expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and PTH/PTHrP receptor in a rat model of tubulointerstitial damage
Authors: Raquel Largo, Dulcenombre Gómez-Garre, Soledad Santos, Carlos Peñaranda, Julia Blanco, Pedro Esbrit, Jesús Egido
Journal: Kidney International (1999)
Hepatitis and Infectious Mononucleosis
Authors: T. Madhavan
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  Hepatic involvement in infectious mononucleosis is well known. 1 Jaundice occurred in 6.6% in one series, 2 and cirrhosis of the liver is reported to follow in a patient with infectious mononucleosis. 3 We recently treated a patient with infectious mononucleosis and Type B hepatitis occurring simultaneously.  Report of a Case.—  A 17-year-old white girl was seen in the outpatient clinic on April 3, 1973, with a one-week history of sore throat, swelling in the neck, mild fever, and lethargy. The patient denied any exposure to people with hepatitis or having had recent transfusions or vaccinations or drug abuse. On examination she was afebrile and had enlarged tonsils with multiple exudates, bilateral multiple cervical lymphadenopathy, and splenomegaly. The hemoglobin value was 13.2 gm/100 ml, and the total white blood cell count was 9,600/cu mm with 47% segmented neutrophils, 33% lymphocytes, 16% leukocytoid lymphocytes, and 4% monocytes. Heterophile
Ian A Mackie
Authors: D. V. Seal
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Ian A Mackie died peacefully but unexpectedly after a long and distinguished career as a medical ophthalmologist, pianist, and art connoisseur. He was known to many colleagues worldwide, but especially in the USA, for his sharp clinical acumen and many lectures, publications, and books on all aspects of external eye disease, including beneficial and detrimental effects of contact lens wear. Ian’s reputation was as big as the man himself; ebullient, confident, gloriously loud, always with a twinkle in his eyes.

Ian was born in Aberdeen, where he attended local and high school before going to Aberdeen Medical School in 1949. After graduating he followed up with his internships and a spell in general practice, he moved to London in 1957 to pursue a career in ophthalmology. He attended the diploma in ophthalmology at Moorfields Eye Hospital, but was prevented from undertaking surgery owing to the development of cheiropompholyx. This did not end his fascination with the subject, so he pursued a career in medical ophthalmology. At the …
Different Counterregulatory Responses to Human Insulin (recombinant DNA) and Purified Pork Insulin
Authors: Klaus J Schlüter, Karl-Georg Petersen, Joachim Sontheimer, Franz Enzmann, Lothar Kerp
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

The biologic effect of human insulin (recombinant DNA) and purified pork insulin (PPI) was compared during insulin-induced hypoglycemia at two intravenous dosages 0.075 and 0.1 U/kg body wt in 12 healthy volunteers. Serum insulin concentrations and plasma glucose curves were identical. PPI induced a significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) higher output of epinephrine, growth hormone, and cortisol at both doses. Less inhibition (P &amp;lt; 0.05) of endogenous insulin secretion was observed for human insulin at 0.1 U/kg body wt. An elevated incidence of sweating during hypoglycemia was related to epinephrine secretion. The results indicate that homologous insulin produces in vivo effects which are different from those produced by heterologous insulin.
Paul Francis Wright
Authors: Charles Campion-Smith, Nick Panton, David Morgan
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Rheumatologist who bridged the gaps between cardiology, rheumatology, and herbal medicine John Cosh had many interests in clinical medicine but his main contributions were his long term studies of the effects of rheumatoid arthritis, co-discovery of the genes associated with rheumatoid arthritis, and his work on the benefits of herbal medicines.In 1973, with R K Jacoby and M I Jayson, he published an 11 year follow-up of 100 patients newly diagnosed as having rheumatoid arthritis (BMJ 1973;2(5858): 96-100) and followed them for a further 30 years, showing that rheumatoid arthritis is a progressive disease impairing function for decades after onset.By 2004 eight of the sample were severely disabled with rheumatoid arthritis, three were less disabled, and only five had normal functioning.Of the 84 who died, median survival was reduced by 10 to 11 years, and the leading cause of death was heart disease.In 1986 he published, with other rheumatologists, a study that showed the association of rheumatoid arthritis with several human lymphocyte antigens; the associations were stronger in patients with more advanced disease.John Cosh had originally wanted to be a heart surgeon, but his interests shifted towards cardiology and then to the cardiological aspects of rheumatology.He was born in Bristol, the son of a pharmacist.From Bristol Grammar School he won a
Pertussis toxin treatment of whole blood. A novel approach to assess G protein function in congestive heart failure.
Authors: A S Maisel, M C Michel, P A Insel, C Ennis, M G Ziegler, C Phillips
Journal: Circulation (1990)

This study was designed to assess G protein function in mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). MNL membranes were ADP-ribosylated in vitro in the presence of pertussis or cholera toxin. The amount of pertussis toxin substrates did not differ significantly between CHF patients (6,100 +/- 224 fmol/mg, n = 23) and age-matched healthy control subjects (5,812 +/- 972 fmol/mg protein, n = 19). Among the CHF patients, no differences were observed between those with idiopathic and ischemic CHF. The amount of cholera toxin substrates also did not differ significantly between CHF patients (7,522 +/- 1,405 fmol/mg protein, n = 11) and control subjects (5,654 +/- 707 fmol/mg protein, n = 14). Moreover, basal and isoproterenol- and prostaglandin E1-stimulated cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation in MNL was similar in control subjects and patients. To detect more subtle alterations of the cAMP-generating system, we incubated anticoagulated blood with 250-400 ng/ml pertussis toxin for 4 hours at 37 degrees C. This treatment completely ADP-ribosylated the MNL pertussis toxin substrates. Incubation with pertussis toxin did not change basal or prostaglandin E1-stimulated cAMP generation in MNL of control subjects, but it significantly enhanced stimulated generation (443 +/- 44 vs. 643 +/- 93 pmol/10(7) cells, p less than 0.025) in MNL of CHF patients. This enhancement was most pronounced in the most severely ill patients (New York Heart Association class IV) and correlated with plasma norepinephrine levels, another marker of CHF severity (r = 0.798, n = 11, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Left Atrial Passive Emptying Function During Dobutamine Stress MR Imaging Is a Predictor of Cardiac Events in Patients With Suspected Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Afshin Farzaneh-Far, Vignendra Ariyarajah, Chetan Shenoy, Jean-Francois Dorval, Matthew Kaminski, Zelmira Curillova, Henry Wu, Kenneth B. Brown, Raymond Y. Kwong
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2011)
Practice Guidelines on NAFLD
Authors: Naga Chalasani
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

On behalf of my coauthors, I thank Dr. Melissa Palmer, a respected hepatologist, for her interest in the multisociety practice guideline on the diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that was published in the June 2012 issue of Hepatology.1 Dr. Palmer raises an important issue about the role of fructose and high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Dr. Palmer cites several publications that have shown an adverse role for fructose in the experimental models of NAFLD. We do not dispute these published data, but we would like to point out a publication in this journal that argues against a singular role for a high fructose diet in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.2 Lee et al. showed that although Ossabaw swine fed a high-calorie and high-fructose diet for 24 weeks developed obesity, glucose intolerance, and hypertension, there was no evidence of abnormal liver biochemistries or steatohepatitis until high fat and high cholesterol were also added.2 This experiment suggested that a diet high in fructose was deleterious in this swine model of steatohepatitis only in combination with a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet. We agree that prospective human studies with histological endpoints are needed to define the role of fructose and HFCS in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. As a matter of fact, there are ongoing clinical studies investigating the role of high fructose intake in the pathogenesis of human NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. However, there is broad acceptance that excess caloric intake, including those from foods and beverages high in fructose and HFCS play a causal role in obesity. Because the majority of patients with NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis are overweight or obese, the avoidance of caloric excess, including that from diets high in fructose and HFCS, will be addressed in the recommendations when the guideline is updated in 2013. Naga Chalasani MD*, * On behalf of the writing group for the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and American Gastroenterology Association practice guideline on the Diagnosis and Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.