tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
T-lymphocyte response to H-2 mutants. I. Proliferation is dependent on Ly 1+2+ cells.
Authors: P J Wettstein, D W Bailey, L E Mobraaten, J Klein, J A Frelinger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

We have determined the Ly phenotype of the T lymphocytes which proliferate in response to mutant H-2K and H-2D alloantigens in primary mixed lymphocyte culture. Responder T cells proliferating in reciprocal cultures of H-2d(KdDd) and H-2da(KdDda) lymphocytes were typed Ly 2+ through selective depletion with specific alloantiserum plus complement. Further, B6-Ly 1a lymphocytes proliferating in response to B6-H-2ba and B6-H-2bf stimulators were typed as Ly 1+2+ through similar analysis. These results are discussed with regard to their impact on views of lymphocyte differentiation and factors determining the identity of alloreactive lymphocytes.
Facilitation-independent response of the diaphragm to cortical magnetic stimulation.
Authors: T Similowski, C Straus, L Coïc, J P Derenne
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Neural diseases are often associated with respiratory muscle disorders. Assessment of the motor pathway from the central nervous system to the diaphragm is therefore highly clinically relevant from a diagnosis and follow-up point of view. Cortical magnetic stimulation (CxMS) combined with surface diaphragm electromyogram (EMGdi) has to date been limited in this application by the need of an underlying voluntary contraction to obtain a diaphragm response (facilitation). This study was performed to verify this point with high-powered stimulators and to describe the pattern of diaphragm response to CxMS. In nine subjects, EMGdi was compared with EMG of the abductor pollicis brevis (APB). CxMS was applied on relaxed muscles. The effects of its decreasing intensity and those of a voluntary contraction were studied. In three subjects, transdiaphragmatic pressure was also measured. CxMS consistently provoked a contraction of the relaxed diaphragm (16.06 +/- 0.64 ms, mean +/- SD). Decreasing stimulation intensity decreased the amplitude and increased the latency of this response. Underlying contractions had opposite effects. Respective behaviors of the diaphragm and APB were similar. It is concluded that CxMS gives access to central motor conduction to the diaphragm without the need for subject cooperation.
Intravenous Amiodarone for Arrhythmia Management
Authors: Ruey J. Sung
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Letters15 March 1998Intravenous Amiodarone for Arrhythmia ManagementRuey J. Sung, MDRuey J. Sung, MDStanford University Medical Center; Stanford, CA 94305Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-6-199803150-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We thank Drs. Halkin and Shibolet for pointing out our editing error. On line four of the last paragraph in the left column on page 297, references 36 and 43 should have been cited in addition to 34.With regard to the issue of considering intravenous amiodarone as the first-line agent for cardioversion for a recent onset of atrial fibrillation or flutter, we strongly believe that the choice of agent should be individualized according to the clinical setting. In the setting of left ventricular dysfunction or acute myocardial infarction, we agree that intravenous amiodarone could be considered a ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Stanford University Medical Center; Stanford, CA 94305 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 March 1998Volume 128, Issue 6Page: 505KeywordsAcute myocardial infarctionArrhythmiaAtrial fibrillationDrugs Issue Published: 15 March 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Symptom profile and risk factors of anaphylaxis in Central Europe
Authors: M. Worm, G. Edenharter, F. Ruëff, K. Scherer, C. Pföhler, V. Mahler, R. Treudler, R. Lang, K. Nemat, A. Koehli, B. Niggemann, S. Hompes
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background Anaphylaxis is the most severe manifestation of an IgE‐dependent allergy. Standardized acquired clinical data from large cohorts of well‐defined cases are not available. The aim of this study was to analyse the symptom profile and risk factors of anaphylaxis in a large Central European cohort. Methods We acquired data from patients in Germany, Austria and Switzerland who experienced a severe allergic reaction defined by the onset of severe pulmonary and/or severe cardiovascular symptoms. The data were gained via an online questionnaire from 83 medical centres specialized in allergy. Data were collected from 2006 to 2010 and analysed by using a multinomial regression model. Results A total of 2012 paediatric and adult patients were included into the present analysis. The skin (84%) was the most frequently affected organ followed by the cardiovascular (72%) and the respiratory (68%) system. The regression model analysing the onset of cardiovascular versus respiratory symptoms revealed a strong impact of age (adjusted OR = 6.08; 95% CI , 3.35–11.01; P &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, the elicitor food (adjusted OR = 0.29; 95% CI , 0.21–0.41, P &lt; 0.001) and the presence of atopic diseases (adjusted OR = 0.54; 95% CI , 0.40–0.73, P &lt; 0.001) were significantly associated with the onset of respiratory symptoms. Conclusion Data from individuals who experienced anaphylaxis can support the identification of risk factors. The present study indicates that age, the elicitor itself and the presence of atopic diseases have an impact on the symptom profile of anaphylaxis. Identifying further risk factors of anaphylaxis is of significant importance for clinical practice in the future.
Combination of hsa-miR-375 and hsa-miR-142-5p as a predictor for recurrence risk in gastric cancer patients following surgical resection
Authors: X. Zhang, Z. Yan, J. Zhang, L. Gong, W. Li, J. Cui, Y. Liu, Z. Gao, J. Li, L. Shen, Y. Lu
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2011)
Female genital mutilation: whose problem, whose solution?: Psychological damage is immense
Authors: Janet Menage
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—Conroy's concerns about cosmetic surgery in the West are understandable, but he seems to have missed the fundamental differences between it and the genital mutilation of children.1 When a child is mutilated by adults the procedure constitutes a sexual assault in that the child does not understand what is happening, has no control over it, and does not consent to it. On the other hand, if adults …
Molecular weight-dependent gene transfection activity of unmodified and galactosylated polyethyleneimine on hepatoma cells and mouse liver
Authors: Kensuke Morimoto, Makiya Nishikawa, Shigeru Kawakami, Takayuki Nakano, Yoshiyuki Hattori, Shintaro Fumoto, Fumiyoshi Yamashita, Mitsuru Hashida
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

To optimize a receptor-mediated and cell-selective gene transfer with polyethyleneimine (PEI)-based vector, we synthesized three galactosylated PEIs (Gal-PEI) with different molecular weights (PEI(1800), PEI(10,000), and PEI(70,000)) and investigated their potential as a targetable vector to asialoglycoprotein receptor-positive cells. All PEI derivatives formed complexes with plasmid DNA (pDNA), whereas the particle size of the complex became smaller on increasing the molecular weight of PEI. Transfection efficiency in HepG2 cells with PEI was highest with PEI(1800); efficiency was next highest with PEI(10,000), although the cellular association was similar. After galactosylation, Gal(19)-PEI(10,000)/pDNA and Gal(120)-PEI(70,000)/pDNA showed considerable agglutination with a galactose-recognizing lectin, but Gal(9)-PEI(1800) did not, suggesting that galactose units on the Gal(9)-PEI(1800)-pDNA complex are not sufficiently available for recognition. Gal(19)-PEI(10,000)-pDNA and Gal(120)-PEI(70,000)-pDNA complexes showed galactose-inhibitable transgene expression in HepG2 cells. Transfection efficiency was greatest with Gal(19)-PEI(10,000)/pDNA, a result that highlights the importance of obtaining a balance between the cytotoxicity and the transfection activity, both of which are found to be a function of the molecular weight of PEI. After intraportal injection, however, Gal(153)-PEI(70,000)/pDNA having a low N/P ratio was most effective, suggesting that additional variables, such as the size of the complex, are important for in vivo gene transfer to hepatocytes.
Inhaled corticosteroids moderate lung function decline in adults with asthma
Authors: P Ernst
Journal: Thorax (2006)

Further evidence of the benefit of long term inhaled corticosteroids in asthma

Inhaled corticosteroids are the mainstay of asthma treatment. They have earned this central place in our therapeutic armamentarium by their rapid alleviation of persistent asthma symptoms, improvement in lung function, prevention of exacerbations including those severe enough to require hospitalisation, and by preventing asthma deaths, even at low doses.1,2 They appear indicated as maintenance therapy for asthma patients who have more than occasional respiratory symptoms,3 and probably need to be used regularly to provide benefit.4 A recent study suggesting the contrary used a protocol of initial intense treatment with inhaled and oral corticosteroids which is not readily applicable clinically.5

Patients with asthma have a more rapid decline in lung function over time which results in significant irreversible airways obstruction in a substantial minority (estimates range from 23% to 33%).6–9 Such fixed airflow limitation in asthma appears to be a manifestation of airway remodelling.10 While corticosteroids have many actions which might be expected to limit such remodelling, there is no …
THE DIAGNOSIS OF APOPLEXY UNACCOMPANIED BY MOTOR PARALYSIS.
Authors: WM. N. BULLARD
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Apoplexy unaccompanied by motor symptoms is often overlooked by the general practitioner, or its manifestations are not understood, while even the specialist is at times in doubt in the more obscure cases. It is not, however, a very rare occurrence, although in most of the general and special text-books but little space is given to it. It seems, therefore, worth while to draw attention to these cases and to point out the symptoms and the method of diagnosis. This may best be done by briefly reporting a few cases of apoplexy where the motor symptoms were either very slight or absent. <h3>Case 1.</h3> —J. B., a man 67 years old, born in Ireland, now living in Boston, having previously been in good health, though somewhat worried, had on Aug. 13, 1889, a sudden attack in which he turned blue in the face and seemed as though he were about to
Tajikistan: no pay, no care
Authors: H. Veeken
Journal: BMJ (1997)

“If I tell you all the problems, you will get scared and run away.” The chief psychiatrist of the government can still joke, although the situation in Tajikistan gives no reason to do so. “But, if you insist: we lack specialists. They just ran away when we became independent in 1992 after the breakdown of the Soviet empire. Some of them studied in Russia; most were Russian anyway. Well, given the salaries in our country, a mere 2800 Tajik roubles a month [$3] for a psychiatrist, you cannot blame them. In psychiatry you cannot earn extra money—you will find little corruption; who can make a psychotic pay? Then, there is no transport in the country; we have no drugs. There is a lack of training and we have no contact with other countries. Since the civil war started, everything has gone downhill. Dr Gulmayov, the grand old man of Tajik psychiatry, was killed last year. Who can replace him?” The chief psychiatrist is aware of the problems, eager to get training, and realistic in his expectations. “Give us time,” he tells me.

It is best not to hurry in Tajikistan. Our planned trip the next day is cancelled because of security problems. At night we hear tanks rolling in the streets. The government is after Mahmout, a temporary dissident, an army colonel of 34 years, who attacked Dushanbe the day before my arrival. We reschedule and visit a day care centre for people with mental disorders.

The place is old, and the doctor guides us carefully along the corridor, as if through a minefield: there are gaping holes hidden under the carpets. But it is spotlessly clean and friendly. A few patients are lying in bed. “I just gave them haloperidol,” he says and walks on. I notice that the …
Hematologic Malignancies Associated with Primary Mediastinal Germ-Cell Tumors
Authors: Craig R. Nichols, Ronald Hoffman, Lawrence H. Einhorn, Stephen D. Williams, Lawrence A. Wheeler, Marc B. Garnick
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Three men with primary mediastinal germ-cell tumors subsequently developed a malignant hematologic disorder characterized by pancytopenia and marrow infiltration with hematopoietic blast cells. Two of these patients were classified as having acute megakaryocytic leukemia and the third was believed to have a myelodysplastic syndrome with a prominent megakaryocytic component. Analysis of clinical characteristics of these patients and review of the literature suggest that the proximate association of mediastinal germ-cell tumors with malignant hematologic disorders is neither a coincidence nor a consequence of chemotherapy given for the germ-cell tumor. We believe this association represents the evolution of a neoplastic disorder that initially involves a totipotent germ cell. These germ cells, when located in the mediastinum, apparently acquire hematologic phenotypes and are manifested clinically as a hematologic malignancy.
In search of a good death: Palliative care is also remit of intensivists
Authors: A. Rashid
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Ellershaw and Ward reviewed the care of dying patients.1 Children cared for in paediatric hospitals are given specialised, curative care appropriate for their developmental level and range of acuity, but the importance of palliative care has been overlooked.2 Doctors adept in pharmacotherapy should manage end of life situations in a …
A Case of Varicella Pneumonia Treated With Transfer Factor
Authors: J. Lankford
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We read the case report of disseminated cryptococcosis treated with transfer factor written by Gross et al (240:2460, 1978). We experienced similar results with transfer factor therapy for a disseminated infection involving both skin and lungs that also was not amenable to antibiotic therapy. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> An 11-year-old boy was being followed up for chronic neutropenia and recurrent otitis media at Oklahoma Children's Memorial Hospital and Grady Memorial Hospital. Immunologic evaluation of this patient's condition disclosed decreased serum immunoglobulin level, absence of isoagglutinins, and normal phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte transformation, but absence of delayed hypersensitivity to a battery of common antigens and an average leukocyte count of less than 100/cu mm. With no previous history of the disease, the patient had shown development of typical vesicles of chickenpox. For the first four days of his illness, he experienced a successive crop of vesicles in excess of that
Prevention of Prolonged Labour
Authors: K. O'Driscoll, R. J. A. Jackson, J. T. Gallagher
Journal: BMJ (1969)

A prospective study of 1,000 consecutive primigravid deliveries has shown that active management in labour can ensure that every woman is delivered within 24 hours. Emphasis is laid on the importance of a correct initial diagnosis of labour based on objective criteria. Amniotomy followed by oxytocin infusion is advocated to simulate the progress of normal labour unless this is evident from an early stage. Oxytocin, the dose of which is limited only by foetal distress, cannot be used effectively unless three popular fallacies are rejected. Firstly, that prolonged labour is often an expression of cephalo-pelvic disproportion; secondly, that oxytocin may rupture the primigravid uterus; and, thirdly, that there is a valid therapeutic distinction between hypotonic and hypertonic uterine action. Stimulation, properly supervised, is safe to mother and child, it eliminates the problem of occipitoposterior position, results in a sharp decline in forceps delivery, and obviates the need for massive analgesia.
THE RÔLE OF THE RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM IN IMMUNITY
Authors: C. W. Jungeblut, J. A. Berlot
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1926)

1. Guinea pigs injected intravenously with massive doses of India ink before active sensitization exhibited occasionally a more or less marked, decreased sensitiveness to the reinjection of the antigen. 2. The serum of rabbits which had received massive doses of India ink before the sensitizing injections, showed approximately the same titer of anaphylactic antibodies as that of sensitized normal control animals, as demonstrated by the degree of passive sensitization induced in guinea pigs. 3. The precipitin titer of sensitized rabbits blocked with massive doses of India ink was somewhat lower than that of sensitized normal controls. In one instance, the intravenous injection of smaller doses of India ink was followed by a higher precipitin titer. No uniform relation was found between the height of the precipitin titer and the anaphylactic power of the antiserums. 4. One blocking injection of India ink given to guinea pigs before passive sensitization did not interfere with the occurrence of anaphylactic shock nor alter its nature.
Unilateral Breast Enlargement
Authors: Willis P. Maier
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We read with some interest the CLINICAL NOTE entitled "Unilateral Breast Enlargement: A Complication of an Arteriovenous Fistula and Coincidental Subclavian Vein Occlusion" (237:571, 1977). The unusual circumstance of "congestive enlargement" of the breast associated with an arteriovenous fistula in a chronic dialysis patient was indeed interesting and extremely rare. A more common cause of breast enlargement, usually bilateral, is congestive heart failure. In addition, superior vena caval syndrome secondary to carcinoma of the lung or lymphoma may cause similar congestive enlargement of the breasts. Frequently in these patients dilated veins can be noted in the anterior chest wall above the breasts and may offer a suggestion as to the cause. Unilateral breast enlargement secondary to congestive heart failure can also be seen, and these patients are almost invariably thought to have "inflammatory carcinoma" of the breast. Orange-peel skin is tyypically seen in these breasts. The clue
The Changes in Cardiac Output with Reversion of Atrial Fibrillation to Sinus Rhythm
Authors: JAMES J. MORRIS, MARK ENTMAN, WILLIAM C. NORTH, YIHONG KONG, HENRY MCINTOSH
Journal: Circulation (1965)

Twelve patients were reverted from atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm by the technic of "cardioversion." Brief, light anesthesia was the only drug employed. Under conditions of comparable oxygen consumption cardiac output was measured first in atrial fibrillation and then in sinus rhythm. Eleven patients were studied at rest and five during exercise. Ten of the 11 patients studied at rest showed a reduced arteriovenous oxygen difference with sinus rhythm and seven of the 11 increased cardiac output 0.6 L./min. or greater, an average increase of 34 per cent. All five patients studied at exercise decreased the arteriovenous oxygen difference with sinus rhythm and cardiac output rose 1.1 L./min. or greater in all, an average increase of 17 per cent.
Nateglinide alone and in combination with metformin improves glycemic control by reducing mealtime glucose levels in type 2 diabetes.
Authors: E S Horton, C Clinkingbeard, M Gatlin, J Foley, S Mallows, S Shen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of nateglinide and metformin alone and in combination in type 2 diabetic patients inadequately controlled by diet, focusing on changes in HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and mealtime glucose excursions. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In this randomized double-blind study, patients with an HbA1c level between 6.8 and 11.0% during a 4-week placebo run-in received 24 weeks' treatment with 120 mg nateglinide before meals (n = 179), 500 mg metformin three times a day (n = 178), combination therapy (n = 172), or placebo (n = 172). HbA1c and FPG were evaluated regularly, and plasma glucose levels were determined after Sustacal challenge at weeks 0, 12, and 24. Hypoglycemia and other adverse events were recorded. RESULTS: At study end point, HbA1c was reduced from baseline with nateglinide and metformin but was increased with placebo (-0.5, -0.8, and +0.5%, respectively; P &amp;lt; or = 0.0001). Changes in FPG followed the same pattern (-0.7, -1.6, and +0.4 mmol/l; P &amp;lt; or = 0.0001). Combination therapy was additive (HbA1c -1.4% and FPG -2.4 mmol/l; P &amp;lt; or = 0.01 vs. monotherapy). After Sustacal challenge, there was a greater reduction in mealtime glucose with nateglinide monotherapy compared with metformin monotherapy or placebo (adjusted area under the curve [AUC]0-130 min -2.1, -1.1, and -0.6 mmol x h(-1) x l(-1); p &amp;lt; or = 0.0001). An even greater effect was observed with combination therapy (AUC0-130 min -2.5 mmol x h(-1) x l(-1); P &amp;lt; or = 0.0001 vs. metformin and placebo). All regimens were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Nateglinide and metformin monotherapy each improved overall glycemic control but by different mechanisms. Nateglinide decreased mealtime glucose excursions, whereas metformin primarily affected FPG. In combination, nateglinide and metformin had complementary effects, improving HbA1c, FPG, and postprandial hyperglycemia.
An improved signal processor for the ultrasonic dimension gauge
Authors: J. B SIA, D. G PACE, M. W OSBORNE, M. T ZANKO, F. KOVZELOVE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1980)

The flip-flop producing a pulse proportional to the transit time of an ultrasonic burst between two piezoelectric crystals was often reset by transmission artefacts in sonomicrometers. A design improvement was made. The insertion of two monostable vibrators and one nand gate corrected the resetting caused by transmission artefacts. The new design produced a flip-flop pulse that was proportional to the transit time of the ultrasonic burst through the aorta. Ascending aortic diameter was monitored in unanaesthetised dogs for 6 to 8 weeks using the new design.
Cost-Effective Therapeutic Strategy for the Management of Bleeding Gastric Fundal Varices
Authors: A. Matsumoto, K. Takimoto, M. Kuchide, Y. Yamauchi, T. Takemura
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

We read with great interest the article by Kok et al. on a case of bleeding gastric fundal varices with a fatal outcome [1].