tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Clinical Manual of Psychiatry
Authors: John M. Craig
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This is an unusual book in its field. It is written "for the physician or student who already has a general sense of the field of psychiatry but finds that the realities of the practice pose problems exceeding that knowledge. It is "written for the non-psychiatrist... in primary care and other... specialties." This short compendium is not a book for the beginner. It covers the field in a calculated way, emphasizing the practical, hands-on, "how-to" approaches to the common psychiatric problems. It makes no effort to develop, explain, or defend the theoretical or historical developments leading to the present methods of accepted psychiatric thinking. Although multiauthored, the same concentrated, sparse approach is present in all the chapters. The authors adopt a middle-of-the-road approach to the various schools of psychiatry and put forth conservative, noncontroversial positions that are widely accepted in the psychiatric community. Ten of the 23 chapters are contributed
Visceral Calcification Diagnosed by Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: Mehmet Onur Demirkol, Hülya Seymen, Alev Kadoğlu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

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An Address on RECENT ADVANCES IN THE TREATMENT OF GASTRIC DISEASES
Authors: A. F. Hurst
Journal: BMJ (1928)

IN May of this year I came of age as a member of the staff at Guy's Hospital.When I recall our knowledge of disorders of the stomach twenty-one years ago and comliare it with that of to-day, it is at once apparent that most recent advances in treatment are the result of advances in diagnosis.Radiology was in its infanicy in 1907, and only the grossest anatomical and functional abnormalities of the stomach could be recognized with its aid.To-day I am un- willing to diagnose a gastric or duodenal ulcer without direct x-ray evidence of its presence, and I do niot think that my colleague Dr. P. J. Briggs has failed during the last five years to discover some abnormality in the outline or movements of the stomach in any case of carcinoma.Test meals were rarely given in 1907, and the significance of the results obtained was little uniderstood.The modern fractional test meal not only shows how much acid is secreted, but it gives an accurate measure of the motor efficiency of the stomach, and affords the only means of recognizing gastritis-a common disorder, formeirly dia- gnosed on insufficienit evidence and to-day diagnosed with insufficient confidence.The significance of the presence of occult blood in the stools was unknown twenty-one years ago, and it is only in the past seven years that Dr.
β <sub>3</sub> Integrins Are Upregulated After Vascular Injury and Modulate Thrombospondin- and Thrombin-Induced Proliferation of Cultured Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: George A. Stouffer, Zhaoyong Hu, Mansoor Sajid, Husong Li, Guifang Jin, Marian T. Nakada, Stephen R. Hanson, Marschall S. Runge
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Treatment with an antibody that binds β 3 integrins (abciximab; c7E3 Fab) at the time of coronary angioplasty decreases the need for repeat revascularization. Two potential mechanisms have been proposed to explain this effect: (1) inhibition of platelet aggregation or (2) interruption of ligand binding to β 3 integrins on the smooth muscle cell (SMC) surface. We examined the latter hypothesis by determining (1) if β 3 integrin expression is upregulated after vascular injury in the baboon, (2) if 7E3 binds β 3 integrins on cultured SMC, and (3) if β 3 integrin activation plays a role in proliferation of cultured SMC. Methods and Results —Results demonstrated that immunostaining for β 3 integrins was present in the neointima 1 week after balloon withdrawal injury of baboon brachial arteries and that β 3 integrin expression colocalized with α-actin–positive cells. In contrast, staining for β 3 integrins was undetectable in contralateral uninjured brachial arteries. 7E3 bound to cultured human aortic SMC with an affinity ( K D =3.3 nmol/L) similar to 7E3 binding to endothelial cells or platelets. Cotreatment with 7E3 partially inhibited thrombospondin-induced or α-thrombin–induced proliferation but not PDGF-induced or serum-induced proliferation. Conclusions —In summary, these studies demonstrate that vascular cell β 3 integrin expression is increased after injury, that 7E3 binds to cultured SMC with high affinity, and that β 3 activation is important for thrombospondin-induced or α-thrombin–induced proliferation. These results support the hypothesis that β 3 integrins play a role in SMC growth responses after balloon injury.
Profiling of Aortic Smooth Muscle Cell Gene Expression in Response to Chronic Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthase in Rats
Authors: Morgan Dupuis, Florent Soubrier, Isabelle Brocheriou, Ségolène Raoux, Mounsif Haloui, Liliane Louedec, Jean-Baptiste Michel, Sophie Nadaud
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Chronic inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) induces hypertension associated with remodeling of the arterial wall. In this study, we aimed at identifying genes and pathways involved in this process in aortic smooth muscle cells from Fischer 344 rats, which exhibit an accelerated hypertension after administration of L-NAME.We studied the transcriptional profile of aortic media after 15 days (moderate hypertension) and 30 days (accelerated hypertension) of L-NAME administration (50 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) by using rat Affymetrix Genechips, and we present a large-scale validation of the DNA chip results by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We observed, in aortic media, a progressive increase in the number of modulated genes during L-NAME administration, with 53 genes significantly modulated after 15 days and 147 genes after 30 days. These expression changes were confirmed at 87% by RT-PCR. We found 28 known genes regulated at both 15 and 30 days (96% confirmation by RT-PCR). The functional classification of the regulated genes highlights 3 major biological pathways modulated in aortic media during L-NAME administration: genes regulating cell proliferation, genes involved in the extracellular matrix remodeling, and genes of the NO/cGMP signaling pathway.As a consequence of the genomic approach, we observed a large increase in modulation of gene expression along the evolution of the model and the progressive implication of compensatory mechanisms, making expression profile analysis more complex.
NHS told to make £250m surplus
Authors: Michael Day
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The NHS has been ordered to end the next financial year with a surplus of £250m ($490m; €370m) even though many clinical posts and services face cuts. 

Senior health service officials said that a cultural change was needed in which the health service aimed for surpluses instead of settling for debts. The announcement came as part of the NHS framework for 2007-8 set out by the NHS chief executive, David Nicholson. 

Jonathan Fielden, chairman of the BMA's consultants' committee, warned that trying to make a surplus would cause problems. “While it may be good business practice to have a financial surplus, the NHS will struggle to meet the challenge at …
Diagnosis and treatment of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding using combined capsule endoscopy and double balloon endoscopy: 1-year follow-up study
Authors: S. Fujimori, T. Seo, K. Gudis, S. Tanaka, K. Mitsui, T. Kobayashi, A. Ehara, M. Yonezawa, A. Tatsuguchi, C. Sakamoto
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Several studies have shown the value of capsule endoscopy and double balloon endoscopy (DBE) in small-intestinal bleeding. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of capsule endoscopy results on subsequent DBE examination, and the 1-year clinical outcome of this combined approach in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB).A total of 45 consecutive patients with OGIB underwent capsule endoscopy. Patients with positive capsule endoscopy results underwent DBE for biopsy or therapy, and those with negative results underwent further assessment for possible diagnostic misses on capsule endoscopy. Tumors, ulcerations, and vascular lesions were considered as sources of bleeding. Diagnoses of OGIB lesions and clinical outcome were assessed 1 year after these examinations.Responsible lesions were found in 22 patients (49 %): 19 lesions in 18/45 patients (40 %) undergoing capsule endoscopy, and 18/36 patients (50 %) undergoing subsequent DBE. In all, 10 tumors, nine vascular lesions, and four ulcerations were found. In two patients, vascular lesions were only later diagnosed by conventional methods (4 %). Capsule endoscopy results guided our choice of the proper DBE model for successful therapeutic intervention in five patients. Re-bleeding rates were low during 1-year follow-up of the entire group (mean follow-up, 18.8 months): 5 % in cases with positive diagnoses on capsule endoscopy and/or DBE, and 12 % in negative cases.A combined approach using capsule endoscopy followed by DBE proves valuable in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with OGIB, leaves a low rate of undiagnosed bleeding sources, and has a good long-term outcome.
Hodgkin disease in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency
Authors: Susan M. Fesus, Fredrick B. Hagemeister, John Manning
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract Extensive extralymphatic Hodgkin disease developed in a young man with common variable immunodeficiency manifested by hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent sinopulmonary infections, and multiple autoimmune phenomena. Both humoral and cell‐mediated immune dysfunction were present prior to treatment. After two cycles of chemotherapy, irreversible shock developed, and death occurred secondary to overwhelming infection in spite of prophylactic gammaglobuiin replacement. The unusual features of this patient's case of extralymphatic Hodgkin disease in association with a primary immunodeficiency disorder have not been previously reported.
P401A novel analysis software to detect Ca2+ signaling abnormalities in cardiomyocytes
Authors: K Penttinen, J Avalos Salguero, H Siirtola, M Juhola, K Aalto-Setala
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Ca2+ signaling plays major role in cardiac contractility. Alterations in Ca2+ signaling can be seen in arrhythmogenesis associated with cardiac disorders and heart failures. By analyzing the Ca2+ cycling of cardiomyocytes with the help of Ca2+ imaging, basic cardiac functionality, cardiac disorders and drug responses can be studied more thoroughly. We have generated spontaneously beating cardiomyocytes from induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from patients with different cardiac disorders. Ca2+ cycling studies have revealed substantial defects and abnormalities in calcium signaling of these cardiomyocytes, presumably reflecting the cardiac phenotype observed in the patients. Ca2+ signaling abnormalities can be seen as variable frequency and amplitude and they can be categorized by their form. The analysis of these abnormalities is extremely important to study and understand different cardiac diseases and drug responses. So far this analysis has been done manually by researcher without any generally accepted analysis criteria's. However this way of analysis is subjective and slow and repeatability of analysis may be poor. To overcome these issues, we have developed Ca2+ data analysis software based on interactive visualization. The Ca2+ data analysis software allows to explore and distinguish different Ca2+ signal patterns from recordings and categorize the abnormalities objectively. It will speed up the analysis of cardiomyocyte Ca2+ signals and provide a specific analysis criteria's to analyze Ca2+ abnormalities in cardiomyocytes. This analysis software can be exploited to study basic disease pathology, to screen drugs, and to optimize drug therapy in a patient-specific manner.
More than half a million Iraqis have been killed since invasion
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

More than half a million Iraqi people, about one in 40 of the country's population, have died from violent causes since the March 2003 invasion, a study in the Lancet says.

The figures in the paper, which was published online ahead of print publication on 12 October, are based on a cross sectional survey involving 1849 households with 12 801 …
Is wire-guided selective bile duct cannulation effective for prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis by all endoscopists?
Authors: Hiroshi Kawakami, Hiroyuki Isayama, Hiroyuki Maguchi, Masaki Kuwatani, Kazumichi Kawakubo, Taiki Kudo, Yoko Abe, Shuhei Kawahata, Kimitoshi Kubo, Kazuhiko Koike, Naoya Sakamoto
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

The interesting recent paper by Tse et al. presented an important result: a wire-guided cannulation technique increased the success rate of selective bile duct cannulation (SBDC) and reduced the risk of pancreatitis occurring after endoscopic retrograde cholangioscopic pancreatography (ERCP) [1]. While we respect and value this meta-analysis of outcomes after wire-guided cannulation, we recommend careful consideration of the following three important points.
Poliomyelitis and Diphtheria Immunization in Belfast
Authors: W. J. McLeod
Journal: BMJ (1951)

aspect of the first metatarsophalangeal joint in the area of the large collection of superficial veins, so well demonstrated by Professor Wood Jones.However, the usual localization of the syndrome to one foot during an attack would favour a nervous basis.Whatever the site of its action, the agent causing the syndrome of acute gout would seem to be one of the most powerful peripheral vasodilators known, and has the advantage that it acts locally.However, even if it were isolated, after reading Professor Wood Jones's graphic description of the agonies of the victim of podagra one would hesitate to give it a therapeutic trial. SummaryThe history of an attack of gout in a man, the subject of obliterative peripheral arterial disease, is presented.Measurement of the blood flow during the attack of acute gout showed that the resting flow in the foot of the limb less affected by peripheral vascular disease was very high, and little increased by reactive hyperaemia.When the acute attack had subsided the resting blood flow in this foot returned to normal, and there was a marked increase in the blood flow following reactive hyperaemia.In the foot of the limnb more affected by peripheral occlu- sive arterial disease, the resting blood flow was in the range of high normal values both during the attack of acute gout and when it had almost subsided, and the flow was not increased by the reactive hyperaemia test.It is argued that the demonstration of the high blood flow in acute gout lends strong support to the thesis of Professor Wood Jones that the basis of this condition is a-.vasomotor disturbance akin to erythromelalgia.
Topical Treatment of Pressure Ulcers with Nerve Growth Factor
Authors: Francesco Landi, Luigi Aloe, Andrea Russo, Matteo Cesari, Graziano Onder, Stefano Bonini, Pier Ugo Carbonin, Roberto Bernabei
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

The prevalence of pressure ulcers of the foot is a major health care problem in frail elderly patients. A pressure sore dramatically increases the cost of medical and nursing care, and effective treatment has always been an essential nursing concern. Management options for pressure ulcers include local wound care; surgical repair; and, more recently, topical application of growth factors.To examine the effects of topical treatment with nerve growth factor in patients with severe, noninfected pressure ulcers of the foot.Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Teaching nursing home of Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Italy.36 persons with pressure ulcers of the foot.18 patients received nerve growth factor treatment, and 18 patients received only conventional topical treatment.The course of the ulcers during follow-up was evaluated by tracing the perimeter of the wound onto sterile, transparent block paper and determining the stage.At baseline, the treatment and control groups did not differ across demographic variables, clinical characteristics, and functional measures. The mean area (+/-SD) of the ulcers was 1012 +/- 633 mm2 in the treatment group and 1012 +/- 655 mm2 in the control group (P > 0.2). The average reduction in pressure ulcer area at 6 weeks was statistically significantly greater in the treatment group than in the control group (738 +/- 393 mm2 vs. 485 +/- 384 mm2; P = 0.034).Topical application of nerve growth factor may be an effective therapy for patients with severe pressure ulcers.
Bile acids induce mitochondrial ROS, which promote activation of receptor tyrosine kinases and signaling pathways in rat hepatocytes
Authors: Youwen Fang, Song Iy Han, Clint Mitchell, Seema Gupta, Elaine Studer, Steven Grant, Phillip B. Hylemon, Paul Dent
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Previous studies have demonstrated in hepatocytes that deoxycholic acid (DCA) promotes inactivation of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) and activation of ERBB1 and the extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 pathway. The present studies have determined the biochemical mechanism(s) through which these events occur. DCA and taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) (100 μmol/L) caused activation of ERBB1, insulin receptor, and the ERK1/2 and AKT pathways in primary rodent hepatocytes. DCA- and TDCA-induced receptor and signaling pathway activations were blocked by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and Trolox (TX), as well as by cyclosporin A (CsA) and bongkrekic acid (BKA). DCA activated the ERK1/2 pathway in HuH7 human hepatoma cells that was blocked by the incubation of cells with an ERBB1 inhibitor, NAC, TX, CsA, or BKA. DCA did not activate the ERK1/2 pathway in mitochondria-defective HuH7 Rho 0 cells. In HuH7 cells and primary hepatocytes, DCA enhanced the production of ROS, an effect that was abolished in Rho 0 cells and by prior incubation of cells with CsA or BKA. In hepatocytes and HuH7 cells, DCA inhibited PTPase activity. Incubation of hepatocytes with either CsA or BKA prevented DCA-induced inhibition of PTPase activity. Loss of mitochondrial function in Rho 0 cells also abolished the inhibitory effects of DCA on PTPase activity. In conclusion, DCA and TDCA cause ROS generation in hepatocytes that is dependent on metabolically active mitochondria. The generation of ROS is essential for PTPase inactivation, receptor tyrosine kinase activation, and enhanced signaling down the ERK1/2 and AKT pathways. (Hepatology 2004;40:961-971).
Clopidogrel Treatment and the MEND-CABG II Trial—Reply
Authors: John H. Alexander
Journal: JAMA (2008)

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Digoxin Immune Fab therapy in the management of digitalis intoxication: Safety and efficacy results of an observational surveillance study
Authors: Anne R. Hickey, Thomas L. Wenger, Vincent P. Carpenter, Hugh H. Tilson, Mark A. Hlatky, Curt D. Furberg, Charles H. Kirkpatrick, Harold C. Strauss, Thomas W. Smith
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Coulter S hematocrit and microhematocrit in polycythemic patients
Authors: H. Dosik, B. Prasad
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1978)

Falsely high microhematocrits are found when compared to Coulter S hematocrit levels. This increase is exaggerated when hematocrit levels are increased and the cells are hypochromic and microcytic. Polycythemic patients monitored with microhematocrits may be phlebotomized incorrectly because of this abnormality. We suggest the use of Coulter S hematocrits or spectrophotometric hemoglobin levels to monitor polycythemic patients.
Proliferation of Tγ Cells with Killer-Cell Activity in Two Patients with Neutropenia and Recurrent Infections
Authors: Adri A. Bom-van Noorloos, Hans G. Pegels, Rien H. J. van Oers, Joseph Silberbusch, Thea M. Feltkamp-Vroom, Rob Goudsmit, Willem P. Zeijlemaker, Albert E. G. Kr. von dem Borne, Cornelis J. M. Melief
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Two patients with severe granulocytopenia and recurrent infections of the skin and oropharynx had excess T lymphocytes with receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (T gamma cells) in blood and bone marrow. The abnormal T gamma cells killed antibody-sensitized target cells in vitro (killer-cell activity) but did not suppress immunoglobulin production by B lymphocytes (suppressor-cell activity). T gamma lymphocytes from normal persons showed both killer-cell activity and suppressor-cell activity. In the serum of one patient, granulocyte antibodies, possibly of an autoimmune nature, were detected. The clinical picture in conjunction with the hematologic and immunologic findings characterized the disease of both patients as a distinct entity among the chronic lymphoproliferative diseases of T-cell origin.