tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Cocaine 'Body Packer' Syndrome
Authors: Margaret M. McCarron
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The current recommended treatment for cocaine "body packers" is surgical removal of the drug packages to prevent death due to cocaine poisoning. We describe 47 patients treated successfully with purgation and one patient who required surgery to remove packages obstructing the small bowel. Treatment decisions depend on the physical findings, the location of the cocaine packages in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and the type of package. Twelve patients (25%) had packages highly susceptible to breakage or leaching cocaine; in two cases, pieces of wrapping sloughed in the GI tract, and in another, a bag broke as it was being passed. In 36 cases (75%), the packages were more resistant to breakage or leaching cocaine, and no complications occurred. The types of packages can often be distinguished roentgenographically; however, 12 patients who passed cocaine packages had abdominal roentgenograms that did not show these foreign bodies.
White submucosal plaques in small bowel on capsule endoscopy
Authors: S. Rana, D. Bhasin, K. Singh
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

We read with interest the study by Bellutti et al. [1] that attempted to characterize the white and yellow submucosal plaques found in the small bowel on double-balloon enteroscopy. We congratulate the authors on a good study that has helped a better understanding of various incidental abnormalities found on endoscopic imaging of the small bowel. This study will help in solving clinical dilemmas like the one we encountered on capsule endoscopy in one of our patients.
The Added Value of Percentage of Free to Total Prostate-specific Antigen, PCA3, and a Kallikrein Panel to the ERSPC Risk Calculator for Prostate Cancer in Prescreened Men
Authors: Moniek M. Vedder, Esther W. de Bekker-Grob, Hans G. Lilja, Andrew J. Vickers, Geert J.L.H. van Leenders, Ewout W. Steyerberg, Monique J. Roobol
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Menopause, postmenopausal estrogen preparations, and the risk of adult-onset asthma. A prospective cohort study.
Authors: R J Troisi, F E Speizer, W C Willett, D Trichopoulos, B Rosner
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

We prospectively evaluated the association of hormone replacement therapy and asthma incidence in a cohort of pre- and postmenopausal women 34 to 68 yr of age. During 582, 135 person-years of follow-up between 1980 and 1990, 726 new cases of asthma were documented. Postmenopausal women who were never users of replacement hormones had a significantly lower age-adjusted risk of asthma than premenopausal women (relative risk = 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.46 to 0.92). Among naturally menopausal women, the age-adjusted relative risk of asthma for ever use of postmenopausal hormones was 1.49 (95% CI = 1.10 to 2.00); for current use of hormones (conjugated estrogens with or without progesterone), 1.50 (95% CI = 0.98 to 2.30); and for past use, 1.52 (95% CI = 1.08 to 2.13), compared with never use of hormones. Ever users of 10 or more years' duration had twice the age-adjusted risk of asthma compared with women who never used postmenopausal hormones (95% CI = 1.39 to 2.87). Among current users of conjugated estrogens, there was a positive dose-response demonstrated between daily dose and asthma risk (p for trend = 0.007). While confirmatory studies are warranted, these data suggest that estrogen plays a role in the pathophysiology of asthma and that long-term use and/or high doses of postmenopausal hormone therapy increase subsequent risk of asthma.
Psychotropic drugs and accidents in a general practice.
Authors: G A Binnie
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The incidence of accidents over five years in a group of patients who had taken benzodiazepines, phenothiazines, and antidepressants for more than a year was compared with that in control patients who had not been taking tranquilizers. The patients taking benzodiazepines had a statistically significantly increased risk of having an accident compared with controls, though this was not true when they were not taking the drugs.
UK survey shows improved diet in elderly
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> The regulation of transposable element (TE) activity by small RNAs is a ubiquitous feature of germlines. However, despite the obvious benefits to the host in terms of ensuring the production of viable gametes and maintaining the integrity of the genomes they carry, it remains controversial whether TE regulation evolves adaptively. We examined the emergence and evolutionary dynamics of repressor alleles after <i>P</i>-elements invaded the <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> genome in the mid 20<sup>th</sup> century. In many animals including <i>Drosophila</i>, repressor alleles are produced by transpositional insertions into piRNA clusters, genomic regions encoding the Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) that regulate TEs. We discovered that ∼94% of recently collected isofemale lines in the <i>Drosophila</i> Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) contain at least one <i>P</i>-element insertion in a piRNA cluster indicating repressor alleles are exceptionally common. Furthermore, in our sample of ∼200 genomes, we uncovered no fewer than 84 unique <i>P</i>-element insertion alleles in at least 15 different piRNA clusters. Therefore, the ubiquitous repressive phenotype is underpinned by a plethora of alternate repressor alleles. Finally, we demonstrate that <i>P</i>-element insertions in piRNA clusters exhibit elevated polymorphic frequencies, consistent with positive selection. Our results highlight how the unique genetic architecture of piRNA production, in which numerous piRNA clusters can encode regulatory small RNAs upon transpositional insertion, facilitates the rapid evolution of repression. They furthermore provide one of the most striking examples of polygenic adaptation yet documented, in which alternative insertions into multiple piRNA clusters are targets of positive selection.
Editorial: Megavitamin this and megavitamin that
Authors: P. L. White
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Elsewhere in this issue (p 550), Prof Thomas Jukes has a piece on megavitamin therapy. It is a bold article addressing a subject that has more popular appeal than scientific credibility. Megavitamin therapy means dosage with massive quantities of the vitamins (usually specified in grams), not dosage with amounts a million times the human requirement. Megavitamin therapy raises questions of propriety, regulatory process, pharmacology, and toxicology as well as professional and public responsibility. Impressive public figures, from two-time Nobel Prize winner Linus Pauling to members of Congress, apparently support the concept. Public acceptance of the practice is so deeply rooted that more than 20 bills have been introduced to weaken proposed regulations published by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and to pave the way for pharmacological lunacy. As pointed out by Prof Jukes, the movement to destroy the FDA regulations was generated primarily by the National Health Federation (NHF).
CONGENITAL KERATOSES WITH BULLAE*
Authors: W. N. GOLDSMITH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1928)

Journal Article CONGENITAL KERATOSES WITH BULLÆ Get access W. N. GOLDSMITH, M.A., M.D.Camb., M.R.C.P.Lond. W. N. GOLDSMITH, M.A., M.D.Camb., M.R.C.P.Lond. Physician for Skin‐Diseases to St. John's Hospital, Lewisham; Assistant in the Skin‐Department, University College Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 40, Issue 2, 1 February 1928, Pages 59–77, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1928.tb12102.x Published: 01 February 1928
PIONEER CRANIECTOMY FOR RELIEF OF MENTAL IMBECILITY DUE TO PREMATURE SUTURAL CLOSURE AND MICROCEPHALUS.
Authors: L. C. LANE
Journal: JAMA (1892)

Early in the month of August, 1888, I received a letter from a lady residing in the interior of California, stating that she desired to consult me concerning her infant, then nearly 9 months of age, which presented signs of mental imbecility. At the time appointed for the consultation, the lady presented herself with her infant. The child, otherwise in good health and well nourished, was decidedly microcephalic. The cranium was symmetrical, and only deviated from normal type in the smallness of its volume. The mother stated that at birth the anterior fontanelle was wholly closed, and the posterior one nearly so.  The mother was especially solicitous to learn whether er the child's brain was otherwise healthy; and on being assured that there were no evidences to the contrary, she asked if an operation were not possible whereby the brain could enlarge; or, in her own remarkable words, she said,
SAFETY AND LONG–TERM OUTCOMES AFTER PCI IN HIV+ PATIENTS
Authors: Salem Badr, Omar Aly, Omid Fatemi, Israel Barbash, Sa'ar Minha, Hironori Kitabata, Lakshmana Pendyala, Joshua Loh, Rebecca Torguson, William Suddath, Lowell Satler, Augusto Pichard, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Density and Kinetics of <i>I</i> <sub>Kr</sub> and <i>I</i> <sub>Ks</sub> in Guinea Pig and Rabbit Ventricular Myocytes Explain Different Efficacy of <i>I</i> <sub>Ks</sub> Blockade at High Heart Rate in Guinea Pig and Rabbit
Authors: Zhibo Lu, Kaichiro Kamiya, Tobias Opthof, Kenji Yasui, Itsuo Kodama
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Class III antiarrhythmic agents commonly exhibit reverse frequency-dependent prolongation of the action potential duration (APD). This is undesirable because of the danger of bradycardia-related arrhythmias and the limited protection against ventricular tachyarrhythmias. The effects of blockade of separate components of delayed rectifier K(+) current (I(K)) may help to develop agents effective at high heart rate.We assessed the density and kinetics of the 2 components of the delayed rectifier K(+) current, I(Kr) and I(Ks), in rabbit and guinea pig ventricular myocytes. The effects of their specific blockers (chromanol 293B for I(Ks) and E-4031 for I(Kr)) on the action potential was studied at different heart rates by use of whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. In guinea pig ventricular myocytes only, blockade of I(Ks) causes APD prolongation in a frequency-independent manner, whereas blockade of I(Ks) in rabbit ventricular myocytes shows reverse frequency dependence, as does blockade of I(Kr) in both species. This result can be explained primarily by the higher density of I(Ks) in guinea pig ventricle and by its slow deactivation kinetics, which allows I(Ks) to accumulate at high heart rate because little time is available for complete deactivation of it during diastole.Density and kinetics of components of I(K) explain why blockade of I(Ks) is more effective at high heart rate in the guinea pig ventricle than in the rabbit ventricle, without adverse effects at low heart rate.
Partial characterization of antigenic streptococcal plasma membrane components in acute glomerulonephritis
Authors: G. Treser, M. Semar, A. Ty, I. Sagel, M. A. Franklin, K. Lange
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

Fluorescein-labeled immunoglobulin G (IgG) fractions of serum from patients with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis stained parts of the glomerular basement membrane and mesangium of kidney tissue obtained from the same patients during the early phase of the disease. Renal tissue obtained from normal individuals and from patients with other kidney diseases failed to stain with these IgG fractions. Preabsorption of the serum fractions with various freezethawed bacteria demonstrated that only certain group A streptococci abolished the staining capacity. Fractionation of the streptococci into cellular constituents indicated that it was predominantly the plasma membrane fraction which blocked the immune staining. Spectrofluorometry using alkali-solubilized renal tissue confirmed these observations in a quantitative manner. By sucrose density-gradient ultracentrifugation of the plasma membrane two possible antigens were isolated. One was soluble in phosphate-buffered saline and the other was insoluble. The soluble component was a lipoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 120,000.
Smoking may increase abdominal obesity
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Smokers who believe their habit to be a way of controlling weight may have to think again. New British research shows that people who currently smoke had higher waist to hip ratios and bigger waists than former smokers and people who have never smoked ( Obesity Research 2005;13:1466-75).

The researchers, who studied data on 21 828 men and women from Norfolk aged 45 to 79, say that smoking habits seem to influence patterns of fat distribution.

The paper says, “Although smoking is associated with lower body mass index (BMI), …
Twins with Complications.
Authors: L. W. Pence
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Laurel, Iowa, Oct. 18, 1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —October 2 I was called to attend Mrs. R. in confinement and found myself confronted with a number of unpleasant conditions, not the least of which was a morbid fear on my patient's part that she would not be able to give birth to her child, or children as proved to be the case, she having been told at her previous confinement, about a year ago, when she gave birth to triplets, all still-born, that she would not live through another confinement. She was a German woman, large and strongly built, about 40 years of age and had given birth to five children, the oldest 14 years of age. She said she had suffered a great deal at all her previous confinements and that they had been slow, lasting from twenty-four to forty-eight hours. She complained of being "deathly sick" and felt
Kaplan-Meier survival curves: interpretation and communication of risk
Authors: P. Sedgwick, K. Joekes
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Researchers investigated whether specialist nurse intervention reduced morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. A randomised controlled trial study design was used. The intervention consisted of specialist nurse home visits in addition to routine care. The aim of the intervention was to educate patients about heart failure and its treatment. The control treatment consisted of routine care alone, with patients managed as usual by the admitting physician and, subsequently, general practitioner. Participants were 165 patients admitted to an acute medical admissions unit with heart failure as a result of left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The intervention started before discharge and continued for up to one year.1 The primary endpoint was a composite of death from all causes or first readmission to hospital with worsening heart failure. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves for the length of time after randomisation until occurrence of the primary endpoint were presented for the intervention and control treatment groups (figure⇓). There was a significant difference in survival times between the treatment groups (log rank test P=0.033). The Kaplan-Meier survival probability estimates at 12 months were about 0.59 for intervention and 0.43 for control. Kaplan-Meier survival curves for length of time after randomisation until occurrence of the primary endpoint (death from any cause or hospital readmission for heart failure) for the intervention and control treatment groups. The numbers of patients still at risk of experiencing the primary endpoint are indicated The researchers concluded that specially trained nurses can improve the morbidity and mortality of patients admitted to hospital with chronic heart failure. Which of the following statements, if any, can be inferred?
Folic acid fortification remains an urgent health priority
Authors: Godfrey P Oakley, Jack S Mandel
Journal: BMJ (2004)

What this paper suggestsWomen taking high doses of folate throughout pregnancy may be more likely to die from breast cancer in later life than women taking no folate What research is needed nowThis may be a chance finding, so further studies should examine the association between folate supplementation in pregnancy and risk of breast cancer Papers
THE TREATMENT OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM SYPHILIS
Authors: JOSEPH EARLE MOORE
Journal: JAMA (1927)

An estimate of the results of treatment of central nervous system syphilis is an extremely complex problem, involving prolonged observation of treated patients, and the correlation of intricate clinical data with equally complicated laboratory investigations. Adequate studies free from controversial bias, comparable to the detailed information now available from many sources as to treatment results in early syphilis, have been lacking until the authoritative discussions of Fordyce 1 and of Stokes and Shaffer 2 appeared. In 1924 these workers each published papers, the one describing treatment methods and results in 405 cases, and the other in 442 cases of neurosyphilis. Their results (except for certain data as to general paralysis) are the most complete available in the literature, and should be familiar to every one who attempts to treat neurosyphilis.  In this paper I will outline briefly the methods of treatment in use in the syphilis division of the Medical
Atrial Fibrillation Ablation, Symptoms, and Stroke Risk
Authors: Dhruv S. Kazi, Mark A. Hlatky
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
INTRACELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF TYPE 4 ADENOVIRUS
Authors: Floyd W. Denny, Harold S. Ginsberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

HeLa cells infected with types 1 or 4 adenovirus were separated into cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions by mechanical disruption and differential centrifugation and the quantity of infectious virus in each was determined. The results showed that the majority of infectious virus of both types could be isolated in the cytoplasmic fraction. It was not possible to explain the large amount of type 4 virus in the cytoplasmic fraction by the number of nuclei disrupted in the fractionation procedure, but the amount of type 1 virus in the cytoplasmic fraction could have been contributed by disrupted nuclei. This suggested that there might be a basic difference in the intracellular formation of the two types of virus. The intracellular distribution of complement-fixing antigen was similar to that of infectious virus in type 4-infected cells. Technical difficulties, inherent in cellular fractionation studies, were encountered but did not appear to explain the results obtained.
Alternative splicing of cyclooxygenase‐1 gene: altered expression in leucocytes from patients with bronchial asthma and association with aspirin‐induced 15‐HETE release
Authors: M. L. Kowalski, M. Borowiec, M. Kurowski, R. Pawliczak
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: Cyclooxygenase‐1 (COX‐1) is a key enzyme involved in generation of prostanoids, important mediators and modulators of asthmatic inflammation. In a subpopulation of aspirin‐sensitive asthmatics (ASA) inhibition of COX‐1 by nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs results in activation of inflammatory cells and development of symptoms. Alternatively spliced variants of COX‐1 lacking 111 bp from exon 9 were described previously but have never been identified in human leucocytes peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) or upper airway epithelial cells. We aimed to assess the expression of spliced variants of COX‐1 mRNA in PBLs from patients with asthma and in healthy subjects (HS) referring the expression to patients characteristics (including ASA‐sensitivity) and to aspirin‐triggered 15‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15‐HETE) generation. Methods: The study included 30 patients with ASA, 30 patients with aspirin‐tolerant asthma (ATA) and 30 HS serving as controls. Nasal polyps for epithelial cell cultures were obtained from 10 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Expression of full length and spliced variants of COX‐1 enzyme was detected by RT‐PCR and presented as the ratio of full‐length COX‐1 to alternatively spliced COX‐1 mRNA [COX‐1 alternative splicing index (COX‐1 AS index)]. Release of eicosanoids (PGE 2 and 15‐HETE) by PBLs was measured with enzyme immunoassay. Results: In both PBLs and airway epithelial cells the expression of full‐length product prevailed over spliced variants of COX‐1 enzyme. Cyclooxygenase‐1 AS index was significantly lower in asthmatics as compared to HS (1.96 ± 0.71 vs 2.41 ± 0.99, P &lt; 0.05) indicating the relatively higher expression of the alternative transcript in asthmatic patients. Cyclooxygenase‐1 AS index was not different between ASA and ATA groups (mean 1.90 ± 0.66 vs 2.02 ± 0.76, respectively, P = 0.39). There was no significant association between COX‐1 AS index and mean daily dose of inhaled glucocorticosteroids or pulmonary function tests (FEV 1 , FVC) but in ASA group a weak correlation with daily dose of oral glucocorticosteroids was found ( r = 0.39; P = 0.03). In ASA patients there was a significant positive correlation between the COX‐1 AS index and the percentage of aspirin‐triggered increase in 15‐HETE generation ( r = 0.51; P &lt; 0.03). Conclusions: Alternatively spliced variants of COX‐1 mRNA are differently expressed in patients with bronchial asthma and may be associated with aspirin‐triggered 15‐HETE generation.