tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical Aspects of Platelet Inhibitors and Thrombus Formation
Authors: Telly A. Meadows, Deepak L. Bhatt
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

The platelet, once thought to be solely involved in clot formation, is now known to be a key mediator in various others processes such as inflammation, thrombosis, and atherosclerosis. Supported by the wealth of evidence from clinical trials demonstrating their benefits in patient outcomes, antiplatelet agents have become paramount in the prevention and management of various diseases involving the cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and peripheral arterial systems. Despite being among the most widely used and studied classes of medical therapies, new discoveries regarding important clinical aspects and properties of these agents continue to be made. As our understanding of platelet biology expands, more effective and safer novel therapies continue to be developed. The use of more refined agents in conjunction with a better understanding of their effects will further the ability to provide more optimized care on an individual basis.
Juvenile chronic arthritis: T cell reactivity to human HSP60 in patients with a favorable course of arthritis.
Authors: E R de Graeff-Meeder, W van Eden, G T Rijkers, B J Prakken, W Kuis, M M Voorhorst-Ogink, R van der Zee, H J Schuurman, P J Helders, B J Zegers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Synovial fluid and peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferative responses to the 60-kD human heat shock protein (HSP60) were studied in 23 patients with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) and 7 non-JCA control patients. All patients showed active arthritis at the time of study. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence (group A) or absence (group B) of T lymphocyte reactivity to human HSP60. We show that reactivity to human HSP60 is primarily, though not exclusively, occurring in patients with a remitting course of disease, i.e., the subgroup of HLA-B27 negative JCA patients with an oligoarticular onset. Immunohistochemical analysis of HSP expression in synovial membranes showed a significantly higher intensity of staining in JCA patients than in non-JCA controls. The results suggest that, in accordance with the earlier observation made in experimental models, T lymphocyte reactivity to human HSP60 in this subgroup of JCA patients may be part of T cell regulatory mechanisms that control the development of arthritis.
SOME EXPERIENCES WITH TRANSORBITAL LEUCOTOMY
Authors: MATTHEW T. MOORE, NATHANIEL W. WINKELMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1951)

1. A series of 110 patients on whom transorbital leucotomy was performed is reported. 2. These consisted of schizophrenia 74 cases, psychoneuroses 19 cases, affective psychoses 14 cases, paranoid psychosis 2 cases, mental deficiency with paranoia 1 case. 3. The schizophrenic group had received the present-day accepted forms of treatment without relief and were considered non-salvageable, but showed a 53% improvement rate following transorbital leucotomy. 4. Catatonic and paranoid types of schizophrenia responded most favorably in this category with a 74% and 63% improvement rate respectively, whereas the deteriorating forms showed a low improvement rate of 17%. If agitation was a significant feature of the deteriorated type, improvement was obtained after transorbital leucotomy. 5. Among the obsessive-compulsive patients, previously subjected to psychotherapeutic techniques, ECT, etc., transorbital leucotomy effected an improvement in 84%. Improvement was slow initially but showed increasing momentum with the passage of time. 6. Psychoneurotics with pronounced hypochondriacal preoccupations are not favorably influenced by transorbital leucotomy. 7. The affective psychoses, wherein repeated courses of shock therapy have failed to prevent frequent recurrences, particularly agitated depressions, respond very favorably to transorbital leucotomy, an improvement rate of 83% appearing in the manic-depressives, and 63% in the involutional depressions. 8. In view of the relative ease of performance, short hospitalization, minimal nursing care, insignificant morbidity, low mortality compared with other psychosurgical procedures, and the favorable results, the authors suggest that this procedure be utilized more widely in suitable cases before relegating them to custodial institutions for life, or permitting them to lead a burdensome existence.
Decreased High Molecular Weight Adiponectin in Sera Is Associated With White Matter Lesions in Japanese Men With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Takayuki Masaki, Futoshi Anan, Hironobu Yoshimatsu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

The presence of white matter lesions (WML) is an important prognostic factor for the development of stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes (1). Adiponectin, especially high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived peptide with antidiabetic and antiatherogenic effects, is known to protect against the initiation and progression of diabetes, atherosclerosis, and insulin resistance (2). However, the relationship between HMW adiponectin and WML in type 2 diabetes has not been fully elucidated. The current study was therefore designed to test the hypothesis that the presences of WML correlates with HMW adiponectin in patients with type 2 diabetes.

The 112 Japanese men seen in the Oita Red Cross Hospital between January 2009 and June 2010 for the treatment of type 2 …
986-79 Identification of Coronary Artery Disease and Assessment of Prognosis in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure: Role of Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography
Authors: Pamela A. Marcovitz, Gilmar Reis, Steven W. Werns, William P. Fay, Alan B. Leichtman, William F. Armstrong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
305 HEART TISSUE CHARACTERIZATION IN HCV CIRRHOSIS: EVIDENCE OF CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY
Authors: M. Pozzi, D. Prata Pizzala, L. Ratti, C. Guidi, M. Milanese, F. Fumagalli Maldini, A. Capra, G. Giannattasio, G. Mancia
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Body weight, body composition, and bone turnover changes in patients with spondyloarthropathy receiving anti-tumour necrosis factor treatment
Authors: K Briot
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

To determine the changes in body weight, body composition, and bone turnover in patients with spondyloarthropathy (SpA) treated with anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha).19 patients with SpA (2 women, 17 men), aged 21-71 years, were studied in a 1 year prospective open study. 17 patients received infliximab: 3 or 5 mg/kg/infusion at weeks 0, 2, 6 and infusions in the case of a relapse (n = 14) or systematically (n = 3); 2 patients received etanercept (25 mg twice a week). Body weight, body composition (lean mass, fat mass), and bone mineral density (BMD; using dual energy x ray absorptiometry) were measured at baseline and at months 6 and 12. Serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), bone markers (carboxy terminal telopeptide of collagen Iota (CTX) and procollagen type Iota N terminal propeptide (PINP)) were measured at baseline and months 3, 6, and 12.In 1 year there was a significant increase in body weight (mean (SD) 2.24 (3.1) kg, p = 0.0004), and in lean mass (1.4 (1.69) kg, p = 0.005), but no changes in fat mass. BMD increased at the spine (5.6%, p = 0.0005) and total femur (2.6%, p = 0.01). CTX decreased from the third month (-50%, p = 0.005) up to 1 year (-30%, p = 0.012), and a trend for an increase in PINP (10%, p = 0.06) and in IGF-I (15%, p = 0.04) was seen at month 3.These data confirm that treatment with anti-TNFalpha in SpA is associated with an increase of BMD, which results from a decrease of bone resorption. Increase in body weight and lean mass is observed in parallel with an increase in IGF-1.
Complex Umbilical-Cord Knot
Authors: William Camann, James Marquardt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

A 29-year-old woman was in spontaneous labor at term after an uncomplicated pregnancy. The second stage of labor was notable for persistent, severe, and variable decelerations in the fetal heart rate. She had spontaneous vaginal delivery of a 3.7-kg infant. The Apgar score was 8 and 9 at one and five minutes, respectively. The umbilical cord was noted to have a compound knot. True knots in the umbilical cord occur in approximately 1 percent of all deliveries. Most knots are single, are innocuous, and do not lead to an adverse neonatal outcome. Compound knots, as in this case, are rare, . . .
Evolution of the Terminal Regions of the Streptomyces Linear Chromosome
Authors: Frédéric Choulet, Bertrand Aigle, Alexandre Gallois, Sophie Mangenot, Claude Gerbaud, Chantal Truong, François-Xavier Francou, Céline Fourrier, Michel Guérineau, Bernard Decaris, Valérie Barbe, Jean-Luc Pernodet, Pierre Leblond
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

Comparative analysis of the Streptomyces chromosome sequences, between Streptomyces coelicolor, Streptomyces avermitilis, and Streptomyces ambofaciens ATCC23877 (whose partial sequence is released in this study), revealed a highly compartmentalized genetic organization of their genome. Indeed, despite the presence of specific genomic islands, the central part of the chromosome appears highly syntenic. In contrast, the chromosome of each species exhibits large species-specific terminal regions (from 753 to 1,393 kb), even when considering closely related species (S. ambofaciens and S. coelicolor). Interestingly, the size of the central conserved region between species decreases as the phylogenetic distance between them increases, whereas the specific terminal fraction reciprocally increases in size. Between highly syntenic central regions and species-specific chromosomal parts, there is a notable degeneration of synteny due to frequent insertions/deletions. This reveals a massive and constant genomic flux (from lateral gene transfer and DNA rearrangements) affecting the terminal contingency regions. We speculate that a gradient of recombination rate (i.e., insertion/deletion events) toward the extremities is the force driving the exclusion of essential genes from the terminal regions (i.e., chromosome compartmentalization) and generating a fast gene turnover for strong adaptation capabilities.
Stigmata of recent haemorrhage in diagnosis and prognosis of upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: D N Foster, K J A Miloszewski, M S Losowsky
Journal: BMJ (1978)

In 277 consecutive episodes of suspected upper gastrointestinal bleeding, lesions bearing stigmata of recent haemorrhage (stigmata) were found by endoscopy in 110 (47%) out of 233 patients who were judged to have bled; 78 (33%) had lesions without stigmata, and in 45 (19%) no lesion was seen. Results in 176 entirely unselected admissions for upper gastrointestinal bleeding were similar. Forty-eight chronic duodenal and 41 chronic gastric ulcers were identified by endoscopy. Stigmata were found in 27 (56%) and 33 (80%) of these cases respectively. Sixteen patients had multiple lesions, and in 12 (75%) the presence of stigmata permitted diagnosis of the source of the haemorrhage. Stigmata were more likely to be seen in cases of duodenal ulcer, Mallory-Weiss lesions, and oesophageal varices when endoscopy was performed within 12 hours of bleeding, but were as common in cases of gastric ulcer after longer intervals. In the absence of stigmata one out of 21 patients with duodenal ulcer had further haemorrhage and one other needed emergency surgery; no patient with gastric ulcer had further haemorrhage or needed emergency surgery. In contrast, when stigmata were present 15 of the 27 patients with duodenal ulcer (56%) had further haemorrhage and 17 (63%) needed emergency surgery; of the 33 patients with gastric ulcer, 10 (30%) had further haemorrhage and 15 (45%) required emergency surgery. Superficial mucosal lesions may have been the source of haemorrhage when an ulcer unmarked by stigmata was seen at endoscopy. Stigmata were superior to any other single factor or combination of factors in predicting rebleeding and the need for emergency surgery.
Joe McCarthys in Medicine
Authors: HERMAN STEINBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1982Joe McCarthys in MedicineHERMAN STEINBERG, M.D.HERMAN STEINBERG, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-96-6-795_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Having read Dr. Fitzgerald's note, "From Galen to Xerox: The Authoritarian Reference in Medicine" in the February 1982 issue (1), I should like to add the Joe McCarthy syndrome.This acquired syndrome is manifested by a propensity to cite literature out of context. The reference is generally accurate in terms of either journal, year, or content—but never quite right in all these respects. The reference is usually, but not always, related to the clinical problem or subject matter under discussion, but is not specifically pertinent.Just as Senator Joseph McCarthy attempted to buttress his views by waving... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 646 Park Avenue; New York, NY 10021 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1982Volume 96, Issue 6_Part_1Page: 795-795 Issue Published: 1 June 1982 PDF downloadLoading ...
THE BACTERICIDAL ACTION OF GASTRIC JUICE ON B. TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: J. Inkster, S. R. Gloyne
Journal: BMJ (1921)

DURING tlle past few years a good deal of attention has been paid to the subject of gastric analysis in normal people.Tlle invention of the EinhornI tube has made this work much more accurate than was possible with the old stomach tube and glass funnel.It is not necessary, however, to refer in detail here to the valuable observations made by Crolhn and Reiss,2 Rehfuss and Hawk 3 in America, and by Ryle I and Bennett 5 in this country, and by numerous other observers, since most of their work has been done with reference to the chemical side of gastric anialysis, with whlich we are only indirectly concerned.Tlhe short series of experiments dealt with in this paper was made with a view to testing tile bactericidal power of normal gastric secretion on B. tuberculosi8, Technique.* This sample was inoculated into a guinea-pig as a control of the gastric secretion.No tuberculosis resulted.
Mixed Acid-Base Abnormalities in Diabetes
Authors: Grace Sanders, George Boyle, Scott Hunter, Phillip L Poffenbarger
Journal: Diabetes Care (1978)

This study is a description of a patient who exhibited diabetic ketosis associated with an alkalosis rather than acidosis and a review of eight previously reported cases. Precipitating factors for this syndrome are severe vomiting with loss of hydrogen, potassium, and chloride ions, and dehydration. The ingestion of alkali may also result in this mixed acid-base disturbance. Treatment consists primarily of replacement of potassium and chloride. All reported patients had received large doses of insulin for initial therapy; however, limited insulin (20 U) therapy in this patient almost completely reversed the metabolic abnormality with 12 hours.
Percutaneous Transjugular Portosystemic Shunt
Authors: Gerald Zemel
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the effectiveness of the Palmaz balloon expandable stent for the creation of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. The device is designed to achieve portal decompression in patients with variceal hemorrhage secondary to portal hypertension. <h3>Design.</h3> —Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting was performed in eight patients during a 9-month period. Mean follow-up was 5 months. <h3>Patients.</h3><h3>—</h3> All patients had cirrhosis with portal hypertension and varices. Bleeding occurred in seven patients from esophageal varices and in one patient from hemorrhoids. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.—</h3> Shunt patency and recurrent variceal hemorrhage. <h3>Results.</h3> —Shunts created from a transjugular approach between a hepatic and a portal vein (diameters of 8 to 12 mm) lowered the average portosystemic pressure gradient from 36 to 11 mm Hg. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 7.7 days. Complete variceal decompression after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt placement was identified endoscopically in all eight patients. The patient treated for hemorrhoids rebled and was treated successfully by transfemoral balloon expansion of the shunt diameter from 8 to 12 mm. All shunts were patent at 1 to 9 months (mean, 5 months) of follow-up. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Initial results suggest that transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt is a safe and effective method of portal decompression for the treatment of variceal hemorrhage. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;266:390-393)
Book Review Paget's Disease of Bone: Clinical assessment, present and future therapy Edited by Frederick R. Singer and Stanley Wallach. 313 pp., illustrated. New York, Elsevier, 1991. $79. Pathophysiology and Treatment of Paget's Disease of Bone By John A. Kanis. 298 pp., illustrated. Durham, N.C., Carolina Academic Press, 1991. $110.
Authors: Marshall R. Urist
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)
On Haemorrhage and Excessive Sickness during Pregnancy: And on Abortion, in Connection with Inflammation of the Uterus and of its Cervix
Authors: J. H. Bennet
Journal: BMJ (1881)

in some of the American rivers; those are the Inia and the Ponlopoioia.Of these animals, unfortunately, no skeletons have yet reached the museum.The Squala(lon, a toothed whale, occurring in the Miocene period, seems to have been, at least in dental characters, of a more generalised type than those nearest allied to it are which now exist.
Multicentre randomised double bind crossover trial on contamination of conventional ties and bow ties in routine obstetric and gynaecological practice.
Authors: M M Biljan, C A Hart, D Sunderland, P R Manasse, C R Kingsland
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To assess level of contamination of neckwear worn by gynaecologists and obstetricians during routine working week. DESIGN--Multicentre randomised double blind crossover trial. Participants wore the same conventional ties for three days in one week and bow ties for the same period in second week. SETTING--Two teaching and three district general hospitals in the midlands, Wales, and north England. SUBJECTS--15 registrars and senior registrars. INTERVENTIONS--A swab soaked in sterile saline was taken from specific area on ties at end of first and third working days and sent in transport medium for culture on chocolatised blood and MacConkey agar for 48 hours. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Level of bacteriological growth assessed semiquantitatively (0 for no contamination; for heavy contamination) after swabs had been cultured. At end of study the participants completed a questionnaire to assess their attitude toward wearing different types of necktie. RESULTS--12 doctors (80%) completed the study. Although bow ties were significantly less contaminated at end of first working day (z = -2.354, p = 0.019), this difference was not maintained; there was no difference in level of contamination on third day. Level of contamination did not increase between first and third day of wearing the same garment. One of the 10 doctors who returned the questionnaire found the bow tie very uncomfortable. All participants would consider wearing a bow tie if it proved to be less contaminated than a conventional tie. CONCLUSIONS--Although a significant difference in contamination was established between conventional and bow ties on first day of study, this difference was not confirmed on third day and there is unlikely to be any real association between tie type and bacterial contamination. Because of its negative image and difficulty to tie, the bow tie will probably remain a minority fashion.
The Effect of Psychopharmaca on Uropeptic Activity
Authors: D. Birnbaum, F. Karmeli
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1974)

Various psychopharmaca were studied with regard to their effect on uropepsin secretion in rats and humans. It was found that these drugs markedly inhibited uropepsin secretion, especially etumine and melleril derivatives. In humans, uropeptic activity following diazepam and melleril, was similar to that observed in patients who underwent vagotomy. These observations on uropepsin secretion are in accord with the observed inhibition of gastric secretion following peroral or parenteral administration of diazepam and mesoridazine.
Primary care: core values Core values in a changing world
Authors: I. R McWhinney
Journal: BMJ (1998)

This is the first in a series of six articles reflecting on the core values that will underpin the development of primary care

In 1920, the Dawson report advocated a population based approach to the organisation of health services, the allocation of resources, and the training of health care staff.1 It also introduced the concepts of primary and secondary levels of care and of primary care health centres. For several decades these ideas lay dormant, until medical specialisation, fragmentation of health services, and the introduction of publicly funded health care made their logic inescapable. The term “primary care” became common coinage, and in 1978 its fundamental importance was recognised by the World Health Organisation.2 In the same year, the US Institute of Medicine identified the four essentials of good primary care as accessibility, comprehensiveness, coordination, and continuity.3

For most of this century, the typical primary care professional has been a generalist practitioner,4 usually practising close to the population served by the practice, alone or in a small group, and supported by a small staff. (Generalist practitioners include practitioners from nursing and from general paediatrics or internal medicine.) The key relationship for most of these practitioners is with individual patients who consult about problems they have identified themselves. Until recently, screening for risk factors and early disease in asymptomatic patients has been unusual. But practitioners have often forged strong community links, especially in small towns and rural areas. For all its limitations, generalist practice has represented a strong tradition of personal care, comprehensive in its response to the needs of the people and reasonably accessible in their neighbourhoods and homes. It is on this living tradition that primary care should build as it evolves into new forms.

Traditions are the bearers of values. In a living tradition, …
Asynergy in Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: RICHARD H. HELFANT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

The widespread use of cardiac ventriculography has focused interest on the frequency with which asynergy accompanies coronary heart disease as well as on its clinical and prognostic implications and dynamic nature. Recently, "intervention ventriculography" using nitroglycerin or postextrasystolic potentiation has indicated that asynergic zones may be more accurately classified as reversible (implying viable myocardium) or irreversible (nonviable or scarred myocardium), and thus the ventriculographic definition of aneurysm must reflect not only the severity of asynergy but its contractile reserve. Surface electrocardiogram Q waves, the severity of asynergy, and degree of coronary occlusion all adversely affect the potential for reversibility, whereas coronary collaterals enhance it. Important clinical applications include assessment of the potential utility of coronary bypass surgery in improving asynergy and of vasodilators in the treatment of patients with left ventricular failure. With refractory sequelae of aneurysms (heart failure, ventricular tachyarrhythmias, and systemic emboli) and a discrete aneurysm, surgical resection has been increasingly used with generally good results.