tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acyclovir and Overuse of Antibiotics
Authors: CARL V. VARTIAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1984Acyclovir and Overuse of AntibioticsCARL V. VARTIAN, M.D.CARL V. VARTIAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-100-3-463_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I found the occurrence of two articles in the December issue to be quite interesting. Saral and associates (1) report a double-blind, placebo-controlled study that shows that intravenous acyclovir can be used prophylactically to prevent reactivation of herpes simplex virus in seropositive leukemic patients. In a seemingly unrelated editorial, Kunin (2) cautions us against overuse of antibiotics so as to limit the emergence of antibiotic-resistant organisms.Certainly the "pre-acyclovir" literature contains many cases of self-limited herpes simplex infections. Even the early acyclovir trials reported placebo "cures" (3). Although rare acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex isolates have been reported (4,...References1. SARALAMBINDERBURNS RRW. Acyclovir prophylaxis against herpes simplex virus infection in patients with leukemia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-ccntrolled study. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:773-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. KUNIN C. Antibiotic resistance—a world health problem we cannot ignore. [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1983;99:859-60. LinkGoogle Scholar3. MITCHELLGENTRYBOENBEANGROTHBALFOUR CSJBKH. Acyclovir therapy for mucocutaneous herpes simplex infections in immunocompromised patients. Lancet. 1981;2:1389-92. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. SIBRACKGUTMANWILFERT CLC. Pathogenicity of acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus Type 1 from an immunodeficient child. J Infect Dis. 1982;146:673-82. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. CRUMPACKERSCHNIPPERMARLOWEKOWALSKYHERSHEYLEVIN CLSPBM. Resistance of antiviral drugs of herpes simplex virus isolated from a patient treated with acyclovir. N Engl J Med. 1982;306:343-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University Hospitals of Cleveland Cleveland, OH 44106 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByDelay of alternative antiviral therapy and poor outcomes of acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus infections in recipients of allogeneic stem cell transplant - a retrospective studyScandinavian Symposium on Herpes Virus Infections and Acyclovir (Zovirax®). Copenhagen, Denmark March 13–15, 1985Prophylactic Acyclovir Therapy and Herpes SimplexRICHARD AMBINDER, M.D., WILLIAM BURNS, M.D., PAUL LIETMAN, M.D., PH.D., REIN SARAL, M.D. 1 March 1984Volume 100, Issue 3Page: 463-463KeywordsAntibioticsHerpes simplex Issue Published: 1 March 1984 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Endocytoscopy can identify dysplasia in aberrant crypt foci of the colorectum: a prospective in vivo study
Authors: L. Cipolletta, M. Bianco, G. Rotondano, R. Piscopo, C. Meucci, A. Prisco, F. Cipolletta, A. de Gregorio, A. Salvati
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

See also: Commentaire de travail de L. Cipolletta et al., pp. 129Endoscopy 2009; 41(02): 251-251DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306731
The Physician and the Dying Patient
Authors: Janet M. Kaye
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In my role as a counselor to patients with cancer, I have observed that physicians have great difficulty in relating to dying patients. Physicians have always been taught to cure rather than care; therefore, the dying patient presents a dilemma, as cure is impossible. However, it is important for the physician to remember that there is much he can offer a terminally ill patient with cancer. The physician must recognize the importance of communication. Most patients do not ask directly about their prognosis. They do so indirectly. The physician must realize that the fear of death is less important to the patient than fear of the process of dying. When reassured that good care is available and that abandonment by the physician will not occur, the patient will be more prepared to accept his prognosis. Visiting with the patient daily and talking with him honestly can be
Genetic or Pharmacological Iron Chelation Prevents MPTP-Induced Neurotoxicity In Vivo
Authors: Deepinder Kaur, Ferda Yantiri, Subramanian Rajagopalan, Jyothi Kumar, Jun Qin Mo, Rapee Boonplueang, Veena Viswanath, Russell Jacobs, Lichuan Yang, M.Flint Beal, Dino DiMonte, Irene Volitaskis, Lisa Ellerby, Robert A Cherny, Ashley I Bush, Julie K Andersen
Journal: Neuron (2003)
Treatment of Incompetent Patients-Reply
Authors: Paul S. Appelbaum
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In Reply.—  The cases of involuntary treatment cited by Professor Kapp were of sufficient interest to us to warrant closer analysis in a separate article. 1 We welcome the opportunity, however, to address the role of the legal system in treating such patients.  In our view, it would be a mistake to require judicial review and approval prior to the treatment of refusing patients who may be de facto incompetent but who have never had their status formally adjudicated. A policy of this sort would lead to frequent, expensive, and time-consuming interactions between hospitals and courts, for—as we demonstrated—the problems of incompetent refusers is not a rare one. Furthermore, there is no sound legal basis for distinguishing between incompetent patients who accept treatment and those who refuse it; both sets of patients would require judicial intervention were such an approach implemented. We regret that precisely this rationale has recently led the
Principles of the Massachusetts Medical Society
Authors: Elmer S. Bagnall
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

THE concept of this symposium came from the late Dr. Michael A. Tighe. He believed that it was time we told each other and the people of the Commonwealth where we are now and where and how we are going.The following are the principles of the Massachusetts Medical Society as developed by the Subcommittee on Medical Economics and adopted by the Council about a year and a half ago:The objective of adequate medical care in our free society is to make available to everyone — regardless of race, color, creed, financial status or place of residence — every . . .
The Clinical Significance of the Emergence of Drug-Resistant Organisms during the Therapy of Chronic Pulmonary Tuberculosis with Hydrazides of Isonicotinic Acid
Authors: E. O. Coates, G. M. Meade, William Steenken, E. Wolinsky, G. L. Brinkman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

SOON after the discovery of the potent antituberculosis effect of the isoniazid drugs in laboratory animals in 1951, a number of reports appeared describing their value in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.1 , 2 Emergence of drug-resistant tubercle bacilli, or indication of such a phenomenon, was not reported in those studies although observations soon became available demonstrating that increased bacterial resistance to the drugs may appear rapidly during therapy with either isoniazid or iproniazid alone.3 4 5 6 7 8 9 The relative frequency and consistency of this phenomenon during isoniazid therapy have recently been confirmed by large and carefully controlled studies.10 11 12 13 However, uncertainty still exists regarding the clinical . . .
FURTHER OBSERVATIONS WITH A SACCHAROMYCES
Authors: LORENA M. BREED
Journal: JAMA (1913)

been immoral and had become infected with both gonorrhea and syphilis.She did not know why she had been "bad," but "couldn't help it."The court committing her understood her wretched physical condition and sent to Geneva the recommendation that she be allowed to return to her home after having received thorough treatment for these diseases.Mentally this girl graded as an imbecile.Of a decidedly different type is Helen L., who, although only 10 years old, has most vicious and aggres- sive sexual tendencies.She is not the passive victim as is Pearl S., but so strong are her perverted impulses that she must be watched constantly to keep her from indulging them.Mentally this child, also, is an imbécile.Besides these two types, both of which are not uncom- mon, although the first predominates, there occurs a third very puzzling and very dangerous type.These are the children who have been variously designated as con- stitutional inferiors, moral imbeciles, and so on.Of the cases examined, three apparently belong to this class.On
Characterization of the T cell receptor repertoire causing collagen arthritis in mice.
Authors: G E Osman, M Toda, O Kanagawa, L E Hood
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Collagen type II-induced arthritis (CIA) is generated in susceptible rodent strains by intradermal injections of homologous or heterologous native type II collagen in complete Freund's adjuvant. Symptoms of CIA are analogous to those of the human autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis. CIA is a model system for T cell-mediated autoimmune disease. To study the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of bovine type II-specific T cells that may be involved in the pathogenesis of CIA in DBA/1Lac.J (H-2q) mice, 13 clonally distinct T cell hybridomas specific for bovine type II collagen have been established and the alpha and beta chains of their TCRs have been analyzed. These T cell hybridomas recognize epitopes that are shared by type II collagens from distinct species and not by type I collagens, and exhibit a highly restricted TCR-alpha/beta repertoire. The alpha chains of the TCRs employ three V alpha gene subfamilies (V alpha 11, V alpha 8, and V alpha 22) and four J alpha gene segments (J alpha 42, J alpha 24, J alpha 37, and J alpha 32). The V alpha 22 is a newly identified subfamily consisting of approximately four to six members, and exhibits a high degree of polymorphism among four mouse strains of distinct V alpha haplotypes. In addition, the beta chains of the TCRs employ three V beta gene subfamilies (V beta 8, V beta 1, and V beta 6), however the V beta 8.2 gene segment is preferentially utilized (58.3%). In contrast, the J beta gene segment usage is more heterogeneous. On the basis of the highly limited TCR-alpha/beta repertoire of the TCRs of the panel of bovine type II-specific T cell hybrid clones, a significant reduction (60%) of the incidence of arthritis in DBA/1Lac.J mice is accomplished by the use of anti-V beta 8.2 antibody therapy.
Open letter disputes WHO hypertension guidelines
Authors: R. Woodman
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Over 400 doctors, pharmacists, and scientists from 42 countries have signed a letteron the internet, expressing fears that the World Health Organisation's new hypertension guidelines will result in “increased use of antihypertensive drugs, at great expense and for little benefit.”

The letter, to WHO Director General Gro Harlem Brundtland, says that there is insufficient …
Pupillary paralysis after tranquillizer.
Authors: R Crawford
Journal: BMJ (1971)

a 4%/,, incidence of fatal thromboembolism in his operative patients.I have no -knowledge at this writing of others who presently' use our prophylactic method and what their tesults are.I would also be happy to see a report of Mr. Lannon's experience but to-date he has not found the time to publish.' So perhaps you may find Mr. Lannon's assessment of our heparin prophylaxis as offering a "practical solution" to the prophy- laxis of venous thromnbosis for the operative patient at least.-I am, etc.,
Programmed death of T cells in human immunodeficiency virus infection. No correlation with progression to disease.
Authors: L Meyaard, S A Otto, I P Keet, M T Roos, F Miedema
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Programmed death of T cells has been proposed as one of the mechanisms by which HIV affects immune functions in stages of infection where the number of infected cells is low. Indeed, in HIV-infected individuals both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are primed for programmed cell death, which can be enhanced by polyclonal stimulation. Here, we investigated programmed death of T cells in all stages of HIV infection, including acute infection. In individuals with primary infection the number of T cells dying due to apoptosis was much higher than in the asymptomatic phase of infection and paralleled increased numbers of CD8+ cells. In asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals, cells were dying in increased percentages compared with noninfected controls, although at much lower numbers than during acute infection. Death of T cells was not quantitatively correlated with CD4+ T cell numbers or appearance of more cytopathic, syncytium-inducing HIV variants. Analysis of the phenotype of cells undergoing apoptosis revealed that cell death was not confined to a specific T cell subset nor correlated with expression of certain T cell activation markers. Our results imply that the extent of programmed cell death of T cells in HIV infection does not correlate with progression to disease.
The UK H5N1 avian flu outbreak
Authors: Anne Griffin
Journal: BMJ (2007)

“A rough timeline of the H5N1 outbreak last week. Tuesday morning, January 30, 2007: 71 dead birds found on the turkey farm in Suffolk. Wednesday morning: 186 turkeys found dead. Thursday morning: 860 dead birds discovered. Friday morning: more than a thousand more dead birds found. Friday evening: veterinarians from the Department for the Environment, Food & Rural Affairs finally reach Bernard Matthews' turkey farm. Saturday: the European Union announces that the blood of dead turkeys from the Suffolk farm reveals the presence of the H5N1 virus, and this is the most likely cause of death for more than 2600 birds in less than 96 hours. Saturday and Sunday: a 2000 square kilometre quarantine zone (of varying levels of confinement) is imposed around the …
Defining phenotypes and disease progression in sarcomeric cardiomyopathies: contemporary role of clinical investigations
Authors: I. Olivotto, G. d'Amati, C. Basso, A. Van Rossum, M. Patten, M. Emdin, Y. Pinto, B. Tomberli, P. G. Camici, M. Michels
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2015)

Mutations in cardiac sarcomere protein genes are associated with a variety of clinical phenotypes, including hypertrophic (HCM), dilated (DCM), and restrictive (RCM) cardiomyopathy as well as left ventricular non-compaction, with the overlap of morpho-functional manifestations in individual patients and families. Over time, initial phenotypes may undergo profound changes which determine clinical course and disease progression. Although genetic defects causing HCM and DCM have opposite effects at the myofilament level, a number of downstream maladaptive mechanisms, ranging from microvascular dysfunction and ischaemia to myocardial fibrosis and from diastolic dysfunction to abnormal sympathetic activation and arrhythmogenesis, seem to recur in sarcomeric cardiomyopathies, independent of the presenting phenotype. The extent and rate at which each of these features occur and evolve may be radically different in each form of cardiomyopathy, determining a clinical heterogeneity that is not only cross-sectional, but also longitudinal, i.e. time-related. Timely and sensitive detection of these long-term modifications in the clinical setting is a key to preventing advanced disease and identifying novel therapeutic targets. The present review evaluates the contribution of contemporary technology to pre-clinical diagnosis, characterization of phenotypes, and assessment of disease progression in sarcomere cardiomyopathies, including echocardiography, positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance, pathology, and circulating biomarkers.
Effective Nanoparticle‐based Gene Delivery by a Protease Triggered Charge Switch
Authors: Torben Gjetting, Rasmus Irming Jølck, Thomas Lars Andresen
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Gene carriers made from synthetic materials are of interest in relation to gene therapy but suffer from lack of transfection efficiency upon systemic delivery. To address this problem, a novel lipo‐peptide‐PEG conjugate constituted by a lipid‐anchor, a peptide sensitive to proteases and a poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) chain is investigated. Utilizing ethanol‐mediated nucleic acid encapsulation to prepare lipo‐nanoparticles (LNPs), LNPs that are stable in serum are obtained. The LNPs constitute a highly effective gene delivery systems in vitro and possess the right features for further investigation in vivo including a PEG layer and a net negative charge that should ensure long‐circulating properties before being activated by proteases in diseased tissue. Protease activation leads to detachment of PEG and a charge switching where the LNPs become positive due to the presence of glutamates in the cleaved peptide moiety. The cationic lipid DOTAP is used mainly to complex DNA and proton titratable DODAP is used to increase endosomal escape and enhance transfection efficiency. The idea of using a mixture of permanently charged and titratable cationic lipids shielded by a protease sensitive negatively charged lipo‐peptide‐PEG coat appears to be a highly efficient solution for achieving effective non‐viral gene delivery and the results warrant further investigations.
Gwendolen Margaret Gwladys Barton (née Thomas)
Authors: Peter G Wragg
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Concentration camp survivor and psychiatrist who became a high profile campaigner on child abuseThe Dutch psychiatrist and psychotherapy professor Dries van Dantzig once confessed to a colleague that he survived Neuengamme concentration camp "by making myself invisible"-which makes his survival seem all the more remarkable, as later he was rarely out of the public arena as a tireless and hard hitting promoter of mental health care.Imprisonment followed by years in a tuberculosis sanatorium may have sharpened the sense of injustice that reportedly drove Van Dantzig in his later public life.Today he is remembered as a merciless debater, publicist, political lobbyist, and film critic.His refusal to take "no for an answer" ensured that mental health and especially child abuse had a higher place on the political agenda of postwar Holland than it otherwise might have had.Van Dantzig was renowned for glaring from the front row at conference speakers with whom he disagreed.He made countless television appearances, and seemed to know a remarkable number of government ministers personally.The simple theme that underpinned his career was that, compared with somatic illness, psychiatric illness was largely ignored and underfunded.He illustrated this by arguing that every year more children would be killed by abuse than would ever die from Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, which attracted millions more in funding.He suggested that up to 30% of the population had a neurosis, and that cases of child abuse could result in 50 to 80 deaths a year.Dries van Dantzig was born in 1920 into a progressive and left leaning family in Gouda.His education in Amsterdam was disrupted as the second world war broke out while he was still in his teens.He was eventually arrested for his involvement with the resistance and sent to Neuengamme near Hamburg.Of the 5500 Dutchmen sent there only 600 survived.Van Dantzig was among the few who did because, he later claimed, he was able to blend into the background amid such horrors as collecting dead bodies to take to the ovens or eating the food of those who had died.Yet all the time he was sharpening both his observational skills and his acute sense of injustice.
THE ULTRAVIOLET RAYS OF THE SUN
Authors: ALFRED F. HESS
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The essential importance of ultraviolet rays in medicine has just begun to be appreciated. The action of these rays, as distinct from the visible radiations of the sun, has been known for many years, but physiologists have only recently become fully alive to their significance in relation to the normal and pathologic conditions of man. This is all the more surprising in view of the fact that plant physiologists have laid great stress on the role of the invisible or chemical rays of the sun in the biologic processes of the vegetable world. Some twenty years ago, the physiologist Hertel carried out striking experiments in this field, which demonstrated the marked abiotic power of ultraviolet rays—their ability to destroy bacteria within a period of sixty seconds. About the same time, Finsen showed that the improvement or cure of lupus could be brought about by means of irradiations from the carbon
Fake vaccine campaign in Pakistan could threaten plans to eradicate polio
Authors: J. Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Objective</h3> To provide national consensus and establish priorities with regards to the factors that promote the implementation and continued development of non-medical prescribing within health services. <h3>Design</h3> Classic e-Delphi survey. <h3>Setting</h3> National study in Wales. <h3>Participants</h3> Pharmacists, nurses and allied health professionals with the independent/supplementary prescribing qualification. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 55 non-medical prescribers agreed to become members of the expert panel of whom 42 (76%) completed the round 1 questionnaire, 40/42 (95%) completed round 2 and 34/40 (85%) responded to round 3. Twenty-one statements were developed, and consensus was achieved on nine factors representing those necessary for the successful implementation of non-medical prescribing and five representing actions required for its continued development. Strategic fit between non-medical prescribing and existing service provision, organisation preparedness, visible benefits, good managerial and team support, and a clear differentiation of roles were each important influences. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Given the high degree of consensus, this list of factors and actions should provide guidance to managers and commissioners of services wishing to initiate or extend non-medical prescribing. This information should be considered internationally by other countries outside of the UK wishing to implement prescribing by non-medical healthcare professionals.
Identification of Immunity-Related Genes in <i>Arabidopsis</i> and Cassava Using Genomic Data
Authors: Luis Guillermo Leal, Álvaro Perez, Andrés Quintero, Ángela Bayona, Juan Felipe Ortiz, Anju Gangadharan, David Mackey, Camilo López, Liliana López-Kleine
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2013)

Abstract Recent advances in genomic and post-genomic technologies have provided the opportunity to generate a previously unimaginable amount of information. However, biological knowledge is still needed to improve the understanding of complex mechanisms such as plant immune responses. Better knowledge of this process could improve crop production and management. Here, we used holistic analysis to combine our own microarray and RNA-seq data with public genomic data from Arabidopsis and cassava in order to acquire biological knowledge about the relationships between proteins encoded by immunity-related genes (IRGs) and other genes. This approach was based on a kernel method adapted for the construction of gene networks. The obtained results allowed us to propose a list of new IRGs. A putative function in the immunity pathway was predicted for the new IRGs. The analysis of networks revealed that our predicted IRGs are either well documented or recognized in previous co-expression studies. In addition to robust relationships between IRGs, there is evidence suggesting that other cellular processes may be also strongly related to immunity.