tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PC Cell–Derived Growth Factor Stimulates Proliferation and Confers Trastuzumab Resistance to Her-2-Overexpressing Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Wes E. Kim, Ginette Serrero
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Trastuzumab is only effective in 25% to 30% of the administered breast cancer patients who overexpress the erbB2/Her-2 oncoprotein. PC cell–derived growth factor (PCDGF/GP88) is an 88-kDa glycoprotein growth factor overexpressed in 80% invasive ductal carcinomas. Our objective was to determine whether the increased levels of PCDGF/GP88 confers Trastuzumab resistance in erbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Experimental Design: The ability of PCDGF to induce erbB2 phosphorylation and to confer Trastuzumab resistance was studied in erbB2-overexpressing MCF-7 and SKBR3 breast cancer cell lines. Results: PCDGF/GP88 added exogenously induced the phosphorylation of erbB2 in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner in erbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. In addition, the overexpression of PCDGF/GP88 conferred Trastuzumab resistance in erbB2-overexpressing cells. Furthermore, overexpression of PCDGF/GP88 in erbB2-overexpressing cells provided a growth advantage over erbB2-overexpressing cells that do not have increased levels of PCDGF/GP88. Lastly, PCDGF/GP88 induced the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase in a time-dependent manner in erbB2-overexpressing cells, and pretreatment with Trastuzumab was not able to attenuate the phosphorylation levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase induced by PCDGF/GP88. Conclusion: These data suggest that PCDGF/GP88 confers Trastuzumab resistance in erbB2-overexpressing cells. Thus, the increase in PCDGF/GP88 levels may indicate Trastuzumab unresponsiveness in breast cancer patients.
Intensive Insulin Therapy in Critical Care
Authors: Mark Wilson, Jane Weinreb, Guy W. Soo Hoo
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

To review performance characteristics of 12 insulin infusion protocols.We systematically identify and compare 12 protocols and then apply the protocols to generate insulin recommendations in the management of a patient with hyperglycemia. The main focus involves a comparison of insulin doses and patterns of insulin administration.There is great variability in protocols. Areas of variation include differences in initiation and titration of insulin, use of bolus dosing, requirements for calculation in adjustment of the insulin infusion, and method of insulin protocol adjustments. Insulin recommendations for a sample patient are calculated to highlight differences between protocols, including the patterns and ranges of insulin dose recommended (range 27-115 units [mean +/- SD 66.7 +/- 27.9]), amount recommended for glucose readings >200 mg/dl, and adjustments nearing target glucose.The lack of consensus in the delivery of intravenous insulin infusions is reflected in the wide variability of practice noted in this survey. This mandates close attention to the choice of a protocol. One protocol may not suffice for all patients.
No Association Between Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and the 5-HT<sub>1Dβ</sub>Receptor Gene
Authors: Daniela Di Bella, Maria Cristina Cavallini, Laura Bellodi
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

OBJECTIVE: Serotonin abnormalities may be involved in the etiopathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The silent G-to-C substitution at nucleotide 861 of the coding region of the 5-HT1Dβ receptor gene may be associated with liability to OCD. The aim of this study was to investigate this association in an Italian OCD study group. METHOD: Genotyping for 5-HT1Dβ was performed for 79 nuclear families of probands with OCD. The transmission/disequilibrium test was used to determine transmission of the alleles from parents to offspring. RESULTS: Of the 79 families, 48 were informative for the analysis, i.e., both parents were genotyped for 5-HT1Dβ, and at least one parent was heterozygous. No preferential transmission of either allele of the 5-HT1Dβ gene was observed. CONCLUSIONS: These data do not support a role for the 5-HT1Dβ receptor gene in conferring susceptibility to OCD.
Facile Fabrication of Polyanhydride/Anesthetic Nanoparticles with Tunable Release Kinetics
Authors: Bret D. Ulery, Ho‐Man Kan, Bryce A. Williams, Balaji Narasimhan, Kevin W.‐H. Lo, Lakshmi S. Nair, Cato T. Laurencin
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

This work illustrates a two-step strategy for the fabrication of polymer/drug nanoparticles. Utilizing solvent/non-solvent precipitation and gaseous basification, composite nanoparticles with 0-100% drug loadings are fabricated. Drug release kinetics are dictated by nanoparticle composition allowing future tuning for therapeutic applications.
Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen, and Mal d 1, the major apple allergen, cross-react at the level of allergen-specific T helper cells☆☆☆★★★
Authors: R FRITSCH, B BOHLE, U VOLLMANN, U WIEDERMANN, B JAHNSCHMID, M KREBITZ, H BREITENEDER, D KRAFT, C EBNER
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)
Fibrinopeptide A: a marker of acute coronary thrombosis.
Authors: P R Eisenberg, L A Sherman, K Schectman, J Perez, B E Sobel, A S Jaffe
Journal: Circulation (1985)

To determine whether coronary thrombosis in vivo is reflected by elevations in levels of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) in plasma, we sequentially characterized plasma FPA levels associated with evolving infarction in patients admitted to the cardiac care unit early after the onset of symptoms, in patients with transmural infarction admitted later, and in patients with nontransmural infarction. Studies were also performed in patients in whom the diagnosis of infarction was suspected but subsequently excluded. FPA values were significantly higher in patients with transmural infarction (42.3 +/- 11.2 ng/ml [mean +/- SEM], n = 53) compared with those in patients with nontransmural infarction (4.8 +/- 1.6 ng/ml, n = 17) or with those in patients in whom infarction was subsequently excluded as a diagnosis (3.5 +/- 0.6 ng/ml, n = 17, p less than .01 for both). Elevations in FPA level were greatest in patients with transmural infarction from whom samples were obtained soon after the onset of symptoms. Thus, in 39 patients from samples were obtained within 10 hr after the onset of symptoms, FPA levels were significantly higher than in 14 patients from whom samples were obtained initially more than 10 hr after the onset of symptoms (55.5 +/- 14.7 vs 4.9 +/- 1.4 ng/ml, p less than .01). In 30 of the 39 patients with evolving transmural infarction from whom samples were obtained within the first 10 hr after the onset of symptoms, the level of FPA was greater than 8 ng/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Curb Those Tubes
Authors: Paul Drinka
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  Most hip fractures in geriatric patients result from low-energy trauma, defined as no more than a fall to the same level one is standing on. 1 The etiology of falls includes a lengthy differential diagnosis. 2 A subgroup is composed of individuals tripping over objects in the environment. Lucht 3 reported that of 472 falls occurring at home in patients older than 60 years who required hospital evaluation, 11% were caused by tripping over an object. We report two cases of geriatric patients who tripped over their home oxygen tubing, sustaining hip fractures.  Report of Cases.—  Case1.—An 87-year-old man was ambulatory and lived with his wife. Health problems included chronic arterial fibrillation and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Because of resting hypoxia and dyspnea on exertion, home oxygen therapy was initiated one month prior to admission, with placement of an oxygen-concentrating unit in the living room of
THE ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS OF PNEUMOCOCCUS
Authors: Oswald T. Avery, James M. Neill
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

1. Intact pneumococci, possessing specific antigenic powers unimpaired by cultural or other procedures, give rise to agglutinins for organisms of the homologous type and to precipitins for the type-specific carbohydrate derived from them. 2. Solutions of pneumococci free of all formed elements, but containing the carbohydrate and protein of the original cell, fail to stimulate the formation of type-specific antibodies. Sera prepared in this manner do not react with the carbohydrate constituent of the cell and do not agglutinate organisms of the homologous type. The loss of this antigenic function is related to changes incurred during dissolution of the bacterial cell. 3. Solutions of the cellular substances of Pneumococcus, although lacking the specific antigen of the whole cell, induce the formation of antibodies reactive with pneumococcus protein regardless of the type from which the latter is derived.
Abstract 18346: Common Genetic Variants and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Jose D Vargas, Ani Manichaikul, Stephen S Rich, Jerome I Rotter, Wendy S Post, Joseph F Pollack, David A Bluemke
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: Subclinical atherosclerosis (sCVD), measured by coronary artery calcium (CAC), carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and carotid plaque (CP), has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) of CVD have focused on Caucasian populations. Hypothesis: This study tested the hypothesis that these associations would differ in populations from distinct genetic backgrounds. Methods: The associations between sCVD and 42 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from published GWAS of sCVD and CVD were tested in 8224 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants and MESA Family participants (2685 Caucasians (EUA), 777 Chinese (CHN), 2588 African Americans (AFA), and 2174 Hispanic (HIS)). An additive model was adjusted for SNPs, age, gender, site of ascertainment, principal components, and CVD risk factors, with SNP significance defined by a Bonferroni-corrected p&lt;0.001. Relatedness was accounted for by a linear mixed-effects model for quantitative traits or generalized estimating equations for binary traits. Results: The 9p21 region (rs1333049 and rs4977574) was associated with CAC in EUA (p=5E-6 and 1E-5), and in HIS (p=2E-4 and 1E-4), same direction of association to EUA) but not in AFA or CHN. In CHN, rs1878406 (EDNRA) associated with CIMT (p=6E-4). In HIS, rs964184 (APOA5) associated with CAC (p=2E-5). Meta-analysis across the four ethnic/racial groups confirmed the association between the 9p21 SNPs and CAC (p=2E-9 and 3E-11) (heterogeneity p-values of 0.09 and 0.4) and showed associations between rs216172 (SMG6) and CIMT and rs1994016 (ADAMTS7) and CAC (p=1E-4 for both). Of the 42 SNPs tested, only rs1333049 and rs4977574 replicated in EUA. There were no significant associations in AFA. A smaller sample size limited power in CHN. Conclusion: In non-Caucasians in MESA, associations were found with SNPs previously identified in EUA GWAS for CVD and sCVD, but not in all loci, suggesting novel variants and/or pathways in risk of CVD in minority populations.
p53 protein immunoreactivity in extrahepatic bile duct and gallbladder cancer: Correlation with tumor grade and survival
Authors: Ioannis Diamantis, Eva Karamitopoulou, Elias Perentes, Arthur Zimmermann
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Forty-five extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas (i.e., tumors of the region proximal to the duct junction, including Klatskin tumors, tumors of the lower mid-region, and tumors of the ampulla of Vater) and 11 gallbladder carcinomas were immunohistochemically examined for p53 protein expression, using the DO-7 monoclonal (mAb) and the CM-1 polyvalent (pAb) antibodies and an antigen retrieval method. Because the DO-7 mAb was found to be significantly more reliable than the CM-1 pAb in detecting p53 immunoreactivity, the immunohistochemical results obtained with the former antibody were used for comparing p53 protein immunoreactivity with tumor site, tumor grade, and survival of patients. Approximately one third (3 of 10) of the proximal tumors were found to express weak p53 immunopositivity, whereas moderate immunopositivity and higher rate (18 of 29) was observed in tumors of the lower mid-region. Finally, moderate and marked p53 immunopositivity was observed in tumors of the ampulla (5 of 6) and gallbladder (8 of 11). In tumors of the lower mid-region of the ampulla and the gallbladder, a significantly higher p53 positivity was noted in high-grade compared with low-grade neoplasms. For the cases in which complete follow-up was available (11 tumors of the low mid-region), median survival of patients with p53-negative tumors was 25.7 months, whereas survival of those with p53-positive tumors was 5.2 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Osseous Metastasis from Carcinoma of Liver
Authors: S. V. Humphries
Journal: BMJ (1961)

<b>Objective</b> To determine the effectiveness of a physical activity intervention for smoking cessation during pregnancy. <b>Design</b> Parallel group, randomised controlled, multicentre trial. <b>Setting</b> 13 hospitals in England, April 2009 to January 2014. <b>Participants</b> 789 pregnant smokers, aged 16-50 years and at 10-24 weeks’ gestation, who smoked at least one cigarette daily and were prepared to quit smoking one week after enrollment were randomised (1:1); 785 were included in the intention to treat analyses, with 392 assigned to the physical activity group. <b>Interventions</b> Interventions began one week before a target quit date. Participants were randomised to six weekly sessions of behavioural support for smoking cessation (control) or to this support plus 14 sessions combining supervised treadmill exercise and physical activity consultations. <b>Main outcome measures</b> The primary outcome was continuous smoking abstinence from the target quit date until end of pregnancy, validated by exhaled carbon monoxide or salivary cotinine levels. To assess adherence, levels of moderate-vigorous intensity physical activity were self reported and in a 11.5% (n=90) random subsample of participants, physical activity was objectively measured by an accelerometer. <b>Results</b> No significant difference was found in rates of smoking abstinence at end of pregnancy between the physical activity and control groups (8% <i>v</i> 6%; odds ratio 1.21, 95% confidence interval 0.70 to 2.10). For the physical activity group compared with the control group, there was a 40% (95% confidence interval 13% to 73%), 34% (6% to 69%), and 46% (12% to 91%) greater increase in self reported minutes carrying out physical activity per week from baseline to one week, four weeks, and six weeks post-quit day, respectively. According to the accelerometer data there was no significant difference in physical activity levels between the groups. Participants attended a median of four treatment sessions in the intervention group and three in the control group. Adverse events and birth outcomes were similar between the two groups, except for significantly more caesarean births in the control group than in the physical activity group (29% <i>v</i> 21%, P=0.023). <b>Conclusion</b> Adding a physical activity intervention to behavioural smoking cessation support for pregnant women did not increase cessation rates at end of pregnancy. During pregnancy, physical activity is not recommended for smoking cessation but remains indicated for general health benefits. <b>Trial registration</b> Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN48600346.
Lymphocytes bearing Fc gamma receptors in rheumatoid arthritis. II. Phenotypic characterisation of mononuclear cells forming Facb rosettes in RA.
Authors: V.R Winrow, L.J Eales, N.D Hall, N.J Goulding, I.M Hunneyball
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

We have previously reported an increased proportion of Facb-rosette forming cells in the peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in comparison with healthy controls. The present study investigates the surface phenotype of these cells by means of monoclonal antibodies and a variety of rosetting and lymphocyte fractionation techniques. Facb-R+ cells were found to lack surface markers characteristic of T and B lymphocytes. Studies with monoclonal reagents showed a positive reaction with OKIa1, OKM1, and another monocyte-specific antibody. Fac-R+ cells were recognised by anti-HLA-DR reagents but did not bind the monoclonal antibody 17.15 that recognises a determinant on HLA-DR antigens expressed by lymphocytes but not monocytes. These results show that Facb-R+ cells share certain surface characteristics with monocytes, though they are not phagocytic. These observations are consistent with an accessory role for Facb-R+ cells in the immune response.
Roles of carbohydrates on Cry j 1, the major allergen of Japanese cedar pollen, in specific T-cell responses☆
Authors: Mitsuhiro Okano, Kohsuke Kino, Teruaki Takishita, Hisashi Hattori, Teruhiro Ogawa, Tadashi Yoshino, Minehiko Yokoyama, Kazunori Nishizaki
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2001)
THE PHYSIOLOGIC BASIS FOR THE DIETOTHERAPY IN DUODENAL ULCER
Authors: HARRY SHAY
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Diet in cases of duodenal ulcer is based on certain well established principles—that the foods are non-irritating, are not stimulating to gastric secretion and have a good acid combining power. Milk and cream have met these demands so well that they have come to play the basic part in ulcer diets. Khigine 1 many years ago, in comparing the response of dogs with a Pavlov pouch to meat, bread and milk, found that milk called forth a secretion lowest in volume and peptic activity. The acid combining power of milk and cream has also been adequately stressed. These foods, however, have in addition an action on the disordered gastric function responsible for much of the ulcer symptomatology. This action is perhaps less often considered yet in the final analysis is probably responsible for the most important influence of these food-stuffs in duodenal ulcer. It is the latter activity that we
Birth weight and blood pressure in adolescence studies may be misleading
Authors: D J P Barker, C M Law, J A Davis, J W A Matthes, P A Lewis, D P Davis, J Bethel
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - Jean W A Matthes and colleagues found that the blood pressures of 165 adolescents who had had low birth weight were no different from those of a similar number of controls and they concluded that this does not support a link between retarded fetal growth and hypertension.1 Their findings contrast with eight published studies in pre-adolescent children and four in adults which show that birth weight is inversely related to blood pressure. Differences associated with birth weight are small in childhood but are progressively amplified through life.2 Blood pressure is known to track from childhood through into adult life,3 but tracking is perturbed during the adolescent growth spurt.4 For this reason studies of adolescents are unlikely to contribute importantly …
Muriel Lina ("Molly") Newhouse Harry Melville Balfour Colin Alistair Birks George David Burnett Kathleen Mary Cairns (nee Lyons) Ashoke Kumar ("Mintoo") Chatterjee Rodney Vincent Tracy Forster Ramzi George Ghazala William Dillon Hughes Michael Peebles Lewis
Authors: W. M Dixon
Journal: BMJ (2000)
Reciprocal regulation of lymphocyte activation by tyrosine kinases and phosphatases
Authors: Michelle L. Hermiston, Zheng Xu, Ravindra Majeti, Arthur Weiss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

The dynamic regulation of protein tyrosine phosphorylation is crucial for a number of cellular processes including cell growth, differentiation, migration, and death. It thus represents a powerful control point for integration of environmental signals into cellular responses. Regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation is determined by the balance between protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). In the immune system, precise and coordinated regulation of this equilibrium allows for rapid responses to foreign antigens, whereas an imbalance between PTKs and PTPs can have pathologic consequences, including autoimmunity, immunodeficiency, and malignancy (1). In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of key PTKs and PTPs that play critical roles in modulating cellular levels of phosphotyrosine in resting T cells, during T cell activation, and during downregulation of an immune response.
Familial Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Boris Pasche
Journal: JAMA (2008)

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Effect of acute and chronic inhaled furosemide on bronchial hyperresponsiveness in mild asthma.
Authors: D H Yates, B J O'Connor, G Yilmaz, S Aikman, M Worsdell, P J Barnes, K F Chung
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

We determined whether chronic administration of furosemide aerosol would be beneficial for the treatment of asthma. First, we showed that furosemide aerosol delivered from a metered-dose inhaler (10 and 20 mg) significantly protected against sodium metabisulfite (MBS) challenge by 0.6 and 1.3 doubling dilutions respectively in 12 volunteers with mild asthma. In a double-blind cross-over study, we examined the effect of furosemide aerosol from a twice more efficient metered-dose inhaler (10 mg four times per day) inhaled over 4 wk versus placebo in 12 other asthmatic subjects. There was no significant effect of furosemide on bronchial responsiveness to methacholine or MBS. Treatment with furosemide over 1 mo did not improve bronchial hyperresponsiveness in subjects with mild asthma.
The effect of surface modification of amorphous silica particles on NLRP3 inflammasome mediated IL-1β production, ROS production and endosomal rupture
Authors: Tomohiro Morishige, Yasuo Yoshioka, Hiroshi Inakura, Aya Tanabe, Xinglei Yao, Shogo Narimatsu, Youko Monobe, Takayoshi Imazawa, Shin-ichi Tsunoda, Yasuo Tsutsumi, Yohei Mukai, Naoki Okada, Shinsaku Nakagawa
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)