tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Heteroplasmic Mitochondrial DNA 3310 Mutation in NADH Dehydrogenase Subunit 1 Associated With Type 2 Diabetes, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, and Mental Retardation in a Single Patient
Authors: Yukiko Hattori, Kazuo Nakajima, Takayuki Eizawa, Takashi Ehara, Masamichi Koyama, Tetsuya Hirai, Youji Fukuda, Moritoshi Kinoshita
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Prospective Diabetes Study Group: Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylurea
SUCCESSFUL LOW DOSE CAPTOPRIL RECHALLENGE FOLLOWING DRUG-INDUCED LEUCOPENIA
Authors: D.B. Case, H.H. Whitman, J.H. Laragh, H. Spiera, E.J. Kirchertz, H.J. Gröne, J. Rieger, M. Hölscher, F. Scheler
Journal: The Lancet (1981)
THREE-DIMENSIONAL REGIONAL LV REMODELING: A NEW PROGNOSTICATOR OF OUTCOMES IN NON-ISCHEMIC DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Maria Cristina Donadio Abduch, Ivan Salgo, Wendy Tsang, Kevin Appareti, William Ackerman, Victoria Cruz, Marta Lima, Jeane Tsutsui, Victor Mor-Avi, Wilson Mathias, Roberto M. Lang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Abstract 4549: CDK2 inhibition causes anaphase catastrophe through the centrosomal protein CP110
Authors: Shanhu Hu, Alexey V. Danilov, Kristina M. Godek, Bernardo Orr, Laura J. Tafe, Vincent A. Memoli, Fabrizio Galimberti, Saranya Ravi, Andrew J. DeCastro, Yun Lu, Lisa Maria Mustachio, David J. Sekula, Angeline S. Andrew, Sarah J. Freemantle, Duane A. Compton, Ethan Dmitrovsky
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Aneuploidy is frequently detected in human cancers and is implicated in carcinogenesis. Whether aneuploidy is an anti-neoplastic target remains to be learnt. We previously uncovered an unrecognized consequence of Cdk2 inhibition that causes lung cancer cells to undergo anaphase catastrophe, growth inhibition and apoptosis. Cells with activating KRAS mutations were especially sensitive to Cdk2 inhibition. The mechanism of Cdk2-mediated anaphase catastrophe and how activated KRAS promotes this effect was the subject of this study. Live-cell imaging provided direct evidence that after Cdk2 inhibition, lung cancer cells develop multipolar anaphase, undergo multipolar cell division, and the fate of the progeny of these divisions is apoptosis and death. The centrosomal protein CP110, a Cdk2 target protein, was found to be a critical mediator of Cdk2-inhibition-driven anaphase catastrophe. Intriguingly, siRNA-mediated CP110 repression induced anaphase catastrophe of lung cancer cells. By contrast, overexpression of CP110 antagonized anaphase catastrophe caused by Cdk2 inhibition. Furthermore, we found that activated KRAS mutations sensitized lung cancer cells to Cdk2 inhibition by deregulating CP110 expression. Immunohistochemical examination of a paired normal-malignant lung cancer tissue array revealed a statistically significant upregulation of CP110 in lung cancers as compared with normal lung tissues. Notably, CP110 expression was reduced in smokers where KRAS mutations are frequently present. Taken together, this study presents a CP110-dependent pathway that engages anaphase catastrophe in lung cancer cells. It also provides a mechanistic explanation that lung cancers and potentially other cancers with activated KRAS mutation are more sensitive to Cdk2 inhibition due to CP110 deregulation. Citation Format: Shanhu Hu, Alexey V. Danilov, Kristina M. Godek, Bernardo Orr, Laura J. Tafe, Vincent A. Memoli, Fabrizio Galimberti, Saranya Ravi, Andrew J. DeCastro, Yun Lu, Lisa Maria Mustachio, David J. Sekula, Angeline S. Andrew, Sarah J. Freemantle, Duane A. Compton, Ethan Dmitrovsky. CDK2 inhibition causes anaphase catastrophe through the centrosomal protein CP110. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4549. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4549
Effects of the Menstrual Cycle on Lung Function Variables in Women with Asthma
Authors: Samar Farha, Kewal Asosingh, Daniel Laskowski, Jeffrey Hammel, Raed A. Dweik, Herbert P. Wiedemann, Serpil C. Erzurum
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Rationale: Angiogenesis is a defining pathologic feature of airway remodeling and contributes to asthma severity. Women experience changes in asthma control over the menstrual cycle, a time when vessels routinely form and regress under the control of angiogenic factors. One vital function modulated over the menstrual cycle in healthy women is gas transfer, and this has been related to angiogenesis and cyclic expansion of the pulmonary vascular bed.Objectives: We hypothesized that changes in gas transfer and the pulmonary vascular bed occur in women with asthma over the menstrual cycle and are associated with worsening airflow obstruction.Methods: Twenty-three women, 13 with asthma and 10 healthy control subjects, were evaluated over the menstrual cycle with weekly measures of spirometry, gas transfer, nitric oxide, hemoglobin, factors affecting hemoglobin binding affinity, and proangiogenic factors.Measurements and Main Results: Airflow and lung diffusing capacity varied over the menstrual cycle with peak levels during menses that subsequently declined to nadir in early luteal phase. In contrast to healthy women, changes in lung diffusing capacity (DlCO) were associated with changes in membrane diffusing capacity and DlCO was not related to proangiogenic factors. DlCO did not differ between the two groups, although methemoglobin and carboxyhemoglobin were higher in women with asthma than in healthy women.Conclusions: Women with asthma experience cyclic changes in airflow as well as gas transfer and membrane diffusing capacity supportive of a hormonal effect on lung function.
Why Guideline-Making Requires Reform
Authors: Allan D. Sniderman
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Endothelial Function in Resistance and Conduit Arteries and 5-Year Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Lars Lind, Lars Berglund, Anders Larsson, Johan Sundström
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Impaired endothelial function has been implicated as a cause of cardiovascular disease. Little is known of the relations of measures of endothelial function in resistance and conduit arteries to incident cardiovascular disease in the general population, and available techniques have not been compared.In 1016 participants (70 years of age) of the population-based Prospective Study of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study (52% women), we measured endothelium-dependent vasodilation using the invasive forearm technique with acetylcholine given in the brachial artery, the brachial artery ultrasound technique with measurement of flow-mediated dilatation, and the pulse-wave analysis-based method with β-2-agonist terbutaline provocation. During 5 years of follow-up, 101 participants experienced a composite end point of myocardial infarction, stroke, or death, excluding the 85 persons with a history of myocardial infarction or stroke at baseline. In logistic regression models adjusted for several established and novel cardiovascular disease risk factors and medications, endothelium-dependent vasodilation by the invasive forearm technique with acetylcholine was associated with risk of the end point (odds ratio, 0.72 per SD; 95% confidence interval, 0.56 to 0.93; P=0.01). Endothelial function by the other 2 methods was not related to risk of the end point. Addition of endothelium-dependent vasodilation to the Framingham risk score improved discrimination of risk of the end point.Endothelium-dependent vasodilation in resistance arteries, but not in the brachial conduit artery (flow-mediated dilatation), was associated with 5-year risk of a composite end point of death, myocardial infarction, or stroke independently of major cardiovascular disease risk factors. This vascular measurement improved risk discrimination when added to an established risk score in an elderly population.
Inhaled insulin no longer recommende as routine diabetes treatment
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Revised draft guidance from the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) recommends that inhaled insulin should not be used in the routine treatment of patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. But it is recommended as a treatment option for patients who have a haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) concentration of 9% or higher despite other therapeutic interventions and adequate educational support; …
Up-to-date Forensic Medicine
Authors: G. Forbes
Journal: BMJ (1970)

high price.Those interested in mycoplasmas went through a long and difficult exercise in order to have their subject properly estab- lished and fully recognized even among microbiologists.Mycoplasmas are relatively difficult to culture and they turn up in so many situations that it was hard to make a realistic assessment of their connexion with diseases.This task proved easier in the animal than in the human field, and it is notable that many of the outstanding contri- butors to this book have not primarily a medical interest.In their fundamental biology, classifica- tion, serology, morphology, and physiology the mycoplasmas represent a world of par- ticular interest.All of it is admirably set out
Development of a Prediction Equation for Insulin Sensitivity From Anthropometry and Fasting Insulin in Prepubertal and Early Pubertal Children
Authors: Terry T.-K. Huang, Maria S. Johnson, Michael I. Goran
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE—To test the utility of homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) in predicting insulin sensitivity [×10− 4 min−1/(μIU/ml)] in children and to develop and compare two new prediction equations for insulin sensitivity in children using demographic and anthropometric measures in the presence or absence of fasting insulin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We studied 156 white and African-American children with complete data (mean age 9.7 ± 1.8 years, 87.8% Tanner Stage 1 or 2). For development of new equations, two-thirds of the children were randomly assigned to a development group, whereas the remaining children were assigned to a cross-validation group. RESULTS—A modified HOMA equation accurately predicted insulin sensitivity, but its utility is similar to fasting insulin alone. Demographic and anthropometric measures alone did not predict insulin sensitivity accurately, even when precise measures of body composition were included in the prediction model. Ethnicity, calf skinfold, and fasting insulin together explained 73% of the variance in insulin sensitivity and accurately predicted insulin sensitivity. The regression of measured versus predicted insulin sensitivity in the cross-validation group was not significantly different from the line of identity (P &amp;gt; 0.05). Mean difference between measured and predicted insulin sensitivity was also not significant (P &amp;gt; 0.05). Some bias was apparent, particularly in white boys. CONCLUSIONS—Ethnicity, calf skinfold, and fasting insulin can accurately predict insulin sensitivity with greater precision than HOMA or fasting insulin alone (R2 = 0.73). Future studies, however, are needed to examine whether a universal equation is possible. A cross-validated prediction equation may be useful in population-based studies when complex measures of insulin sensitivity are not available.
Heart failure in patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndromes: observations from the Gulf Registry of Acute Coronary Events (Gulf RACE)
Authors: Alawi A. Alsheikh‐Ali, Mouaz H. Al‐Mallah, Wael Al‐Mahmeed, Nazar Albustani, Jassim Al Suwaidi, Kadhim Sulaiman, Mohammad Zubaid
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2009)
Role of reactive oxygen in bile salt stimulation of colonic epithelial proliferation.
Authors: P A Craven, J Pfanstiel, F R DeRubertis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Our previous studies had suggested a link between bile salt stimulation of colonic epithelial proliferation and the release and oxygenation of arachidonate via the lipoxygenase pathway. In the present study, we examined the role of reactive oxygen versus end products of arachidonate metabolism via the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways in bile salt stimulation of rat colonic epithelial proliferation. Intracolonic instillation of 5 mM deoxycholate increased mucosal ornithine decarboxylase activity and [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA. Responses to deoxycholate were abolished by the superoxide dismutase mimetic CuII (3,5 diisopropylsalicylic acid)2 (CuDIPS), and by phenidone or esculetin, which inhibit both lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase activities. By contrast, indomethacin potentiated the response. Phenidone and esculetin suppressed deoxycholate-induced increases in prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and 5, 12, and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), whereas CuDIPS had no effect. Indomethacin suppressed only PGE2. Deoxycholate (0.5-5 mM) increased superoxide dismutase sensitive chemiluminescence 2-10-fold and stimulated superoxide production as measured by cytochrome c reduction in colonic mucosal scrapings or crypt epithelium. Bile salt-induced increases in chemiluminescence were abolished by CuDIPS, phenidone, and esculetin, but not by indomethacin. Intracolonic generation of reactive oxygen by xanthine-xanthine oxidase increased colonic mucosal ornithine decarboxylase activity and [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA approximately twofold. These effects were abolished by superoxide dismutase. The findings support a key role for reactive oxygen, rather than more distal products of either the lipoxygenase or cyclooxygenase pathways, in the stimulation of colonic mucosal proliferation by bile salts.
The 14-year incidence of lower-extremity amputations in a diabetic population. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy.
Authors: S E Moss, R Klein, B E Klein
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the cumulative 14-year incidence of lower-extremity amputations (LEAs) and evaluate risk factors for LEA. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Study subjects consisted of population-based cohorts of younger-onset (diagnosed before age 30 years and taking insulin, n = 906) and older-onset (diagnosed after age 30 years, n = 984) individuals with diabetes. Subjects participated in baseline (1980-1982), 4-year, 10-year, and 14-year examinations or interviews. LEAs were determined by history. RESULTS: The cumulative 14-year incidence of LEA was 7.2% in younger- and 9.9% in older-onset patients. In multivariable analyses based on the discrete linear logistic model, LEA in the younger-onset group was more likely for males (odds ratio [OR] 5.21 [95% CI 2.50-10.88]), older age (OR for 10 years 1.71 [1.30-2.24]), higher glycosylated hemoglobin (OR for 1% 1.39 [1.22-1.59]), higher diastolic blood pressure (OR for 10 mmHg 1.58 [1.20-2.07]), history of ulcers of the feet (3.19 [1.71-5.95]), and more severe retinopathy (OR for one step 1.16 [1.08-1.24]). In younger-onset patients aged &amp;gt; or = 18, pack-years smoked (OR for 10 years 1.20 [1.03-1.41]) was also associated with LEAs, and daily aspirin use was inversely associated (OR 0.11 [0.01-0.83]). In the older-onset group, LEA was more likely for men (2.66 [1.49, 4.76]) and if the subject had higher glycosylated hemoglobin (OR for 1% 1.25 [1.09-1.43]), higher pulse pressure (OR for 10 mmHg 1.19 [1.04-1.37]), history of ulcers (3.56 [1.84-6.89]), and more severe retinopathy (OR for one step 1.07 [1.00-1.13]). CONCLUSIONS: There are several risk factors for LEA with potential for modification and preventive strategies.
Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in older men reduced AAA mortality at 13 years
Authors: Nasseer A. Masoodi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Source Citation Thompson SG, Ashton HA, Gao L, Buxton MJ, Scott RA. Final follow-up of the Multicentre Aneurysm Screening Study (MASS) randomized trial of abdominal aortic aneurysm screening. Br J Surg. 2012;99:1649-56. 23034729
Mobile phone use and risk of glioma in adults: Conclusions are questionable
Authors: Michael Kundi
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—The study by Hepworth et al has severe shortcomings, including faulty interpretation and unfounded conclusions.1 Is there really any occupational or environmental factor capable of inducing glioma in a period of 3 to 4 years (the average duration of use of a mobile phone in this study)? Not even after high …
Labour will halt sell off of NHS to private sector if elected, Burnham says
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Labour’s shadow health secretary, Andy Burnham, has promised that a Labour government will repeal the coalition government’s health reforms, which, he said, have heralded “NHS privatisation at a pace and scale never seen before.”

In his speech to the Labour Party conference in Manchester on Wednesday 3 October, Burnham said that, as part of “Cameron’s great NHS carve up,” 398 NHS community services in England, worth more than £250m (€310m; $400m), were out to tender.

“Contracts are being signed in the single biggest act of privatisation the NHS has ever seen,” he said, with at least 37 private sector bidders among the contract winners. Those awarded the contracts were “not the choice of GPs, who we were told would be in …
Evolutionary history of free-swimming and sessile lifestyles in urochordates as deduced from 18S rDNA molecular phylogeny
Authors: H. Wada
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1998)

Whether the ancestral chordates were free-swimming or sessile is a longstanding question that remains to be settled. Vertebrates and amphioxi are free-swimming, but the most basal chordate subphylum (the urochordates) includes both sessile and free-swimming species. Here, 1 report molecular phylogenetic analyses of 18S rDNA of urochordates to deduce which lifestyle is ancestral. This revealed a close relationship between salps and doliolids and paraphyly of the ascidians. An early divergence of larvaceans, which show a tadpole-like body plan throughout life, is also supported by the analyses. Based on this phylogeny, a free-swimming ancestor for chordates is more parsimonious than a sessile ancestor. The evolutionary history of various lifestyles of chordates from this ancestral form is proposed.
OBSTRUCTIVE GROWTHS OF THE PYLORUS, WITH A REPORT OF A SUCCESSFUL CASE OF PYLORECTOMY.
Authors: J. E. ALLABEN
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Growths that may cause obstruction of the pyloric orifice of the stomach are1 : Carcinoma, simple hypertrophic stenosis, cicatricial growths following simple ulcer of the pyloric region, cicatricial growths from ulcers produced by swallowing corrosive drugs, simple hypertrophy of the coats of the stomach at the pylorus, especially of the fibrous and muscular coats, mucous polypi, and rarely sarcomata, fibromata, myomata, lipomata and cysts.All of these excepting carcinoma and cicatricial con- tractions are so seldom met with that they need not com- mand attention except to mention them here.But cancer of the stomach and other organs is of such fre- quent occurrence, and apparently so much on the in- crease, that it should command our most earnest con- sideration.That cancer is one of the most potent factors in causa- tion of death, can not be denied.Dr. Senn2 states that in England and Wales, during ten years\p=m-\1860-1870\p=m-\ there were 2,379,622 deaths of persons over the age of 20, and of this number 81,699 died of carcinoma, a ratio to all other deaths of 1:29.Fig. 1.-(Diagrammatic.)The dark line represents approximately the location of the pyloric amputation.According to Dr. Joseph B. Bryant of New York,3 the death-rate from cancer has in twenty years increased -1874-1894-from 1.82 per cent, to 2.17 per cent, of the total mortality.Heberlin4 gives the percentage of cancer of the stomach from 1877 to 1886 as 4.1 pef cent., and states that in Switzerland gastric cancer is on the increase.His statistics show that the death-rate from cancer of the stomach for 1,000 inhabitants has increased from 0.61 per cent, in 1877 to 0.99 per cent, in 1886.In England, in 1840, the proportion of deaths from cancer to the total mortality-rate was 1 in 129.This rate has increased in forty years-1840-1880-to 1 in 28.The death-rate in that country, from cancer, is now about four times as great as it was fifty years ago.In twenty years-1870-1890-the Registrar-General's report showed an increase of 53 per cent5.The stomach and the uterus are the organs most fre¬ quently affected with primary cancer.In 31,482 cases of cancer collected by AVelch6, from various countries, the disease occurred in the stomach in 21.4 per cent., and in the uterus in 29.5 per cent, of the cases, showing that gastric cancer occurred in about one-fifth of all primary cases.Various authors estimate the mortality- rate from gastric cancer from 0.6 per cent, to 3.5 per cent.Welch, from New York statistics, estimates that in all cases of death above the age of 20, 1 in 100 is due to this cause.From an analysis of 1300 cases of gastric cancer, the same author estimates that in 60.8 per cent, of the cases the disease occupied the pyloric region.With these facts before us, we can see that neo¬