tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
NHS will now be "preferred provider" of care, says health secretary
Authors: N. Timmins
Journal: BMJ (2009)

NHS organisations are now the “preferred provider” of NHS care, insists Andy Burnham, England’s health secretary. The announcement has been welcomed by the health service unions, including Unison, the BMA, and the Royal College of Nursing.

But it produced a rather different reaction among private providers of NHS care, whose trade body, the NHS Partners Network, described it as “completely irresponsible.”

From the Department of Health it brought a claim that policy “has not changed”—despite the fact that, Mr Burnham said, three separate parts of the NHS’s existing guidance and operating rules will have to be rewritten.

Mr Burnham’s initial announcement came in …
Inhibition of the glucose transporter SGLT2 with dapagliflozin in pancreatic alpha cells triggers glucagon secretion
Authors: Caroline Bonner, Julie Kerr-Conte, Valéry Gmyr, Gurvan Queniat, Ericka Moerman, Julien Thévenet, Cédric Beaucamps, Nathalie Delalleau, Iuliana Popescu, Willy J Malaisse, Abdullah Sener, Benoit Deprez, Amar Abderrahmani, Bart Staels, François Pattou
Journal: Nature Medicine (2015)
Hypoglycemia Due to an Insulin-Secreting Small-Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix
Authors: Michael J. Seckl, Paul J. Mulholland, Anne E. Bishop, J. Derrick Teale, C. Nicholas Hales, Mark Glaser, Sylvia Watkins, Jonathan R. Seckl
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Hypoglycemia is a condition commonly seen in the emergency department and is usually caused by insulin or sulfonylurea therapy for diabetes mellitus. Tumor-induced hypoglycemia occurs more rarely and can involve several mechanisms, according to whether the tumor is of pancreatic islet-cell origin or of extrapancreatic, non–islet-cell origin.1 The pancreatic islet beta-cell tumors (insulinomas) cause hypoglycemia by producing excessive insulin. In contrast, non–islet-cell tumors can cause hypoglycemia in any of several ways. They include release by the tumor of insulin-like growth factor II or its high-molecular-weight precursor,2–4 multiple metastases to the liver, massive tumor burden, or rarely, the production of . . .
Dennis Henry Fox
Authors: E. P. Fox
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To explore hospital leaders9 perceptions of organisational factors as barriers and/or facilitators in improving inpatient–outpatient (IP–OP) communication. <h3>Design</h3> Semistructured in-person interviews. <h3>Analysis</h3> Constant comparative method of qualitative data. <h3>Setting</h3> Inpatient psychiatry units in 33 general medical/surgical and specialty psychiatric hospitals in California and Massachusetts (USA). <h3>Participants</h3> Psychiatry chair/chief, service director or medical director. <h3>Variables</h3> Importance to leadership, resources, organisational structure and culture. <h3>Results</h3> A majority of hospital leaders rated the IP–OP communication objective as highly or moderately important. Hospitals with good IP–OP communication had structures in place to support communication or had changed/implemented new procedures to enhance communication, and anticipated clinicians would ‘buy in’ to the goal of improved communication. Hospitals reporting no improvement efforts were less likely to have structures supporting IP–OP communication, anticipated resistance among clinicians and reported a need for technological resources such as electronic health records, integrated IT and secure online communication. Most leaders reported a need for additional staff time and information, knowledge or data. <h3>Conclusions</h3> For many hospitals, successfully improving communication will require overcoming organisational barriers such as cultures not conducive to change and lack of resources and infrastructure. Creating a culture that values communication at discharge may help improve outcomes following hospitalisation, but changes in healthcare delivery in the past few decades may necessitate new strategies or changes at the systems level to address barriers to effective communication.
18F-FDG PET/CT in Differentiating Acute Tuberculous From Idiopathic Pericarditis
Authors: Aisheng Dong, Hui Dong, Yang Wang, Chao Cheng, Changjing Zuo, Jianping Lu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the diagnostic capability of F-FDG PET/CT in differentiating acute tuberculous from idiopathic pericarditis.FDG PET/CT findings were reviewed in 15 patients with acute tuberculous (n = 5) or idiopathic pericarditis (n = 10). The maximal thickness and SUVmax of the pericardium and the number, size, and SUVmax of the mediastinal and supraclavicular lymph nodes with increased FDG uptake were measured.All patients had small-to-large amount of pericardial effusion. The patients with acute tuberculous pericarditis (n = 5) showed diffuse (n = 3) or multifocal (n = 2) FDG uptake in the pericardia. The patients with acute idiopathic pericarditis (n = 10) showed diffuse (n = 6) or regional (n = 4) FDG uptake in the pericardia. The mean (SD) pericardial thickness and SUVmax of acute tuberculous pericarditis were significantly higher than those of acute idiopathic pericarditis (5.1 [1.0] vs 3.4 [0.9], P < 0.05; 13.5 [3.9] vs 3.0 [0.7], P < 0.05, respectively). A total of 69 mediastinal and supraclavicular lymph nodes with increased FDG uptake were observed in all 15 patients (44 in patients with acute tuberculous pericarditis and 25 in patients with acute idiopathic pericarditis). The mean (SD) SUVmax of mediastinal and supraclavicular lymph nodes of acute tuberculous pericarditis (5.3 [1.8]) was significantly higher than that of acute idiopathic pericarditis (2.8 [0.6], P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the mean size of the mediastinal and supraclavicular lymph nodes between acute tuberculous and idiopathic pericarditis.The degrees of FDG uptake in the pericardium and the mediastinal and supraclavicular lymph nodes are useful for differentiating acute tuberculous from idiopathic pericarditis. Familiarity with the FDG uptake patterns of acute tuberculous and idiopathic pericarditis may be helpful for successful (especially timely) diagnosis and treatment.
Apolipoprotein A-I inhibits the production of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α by blocking contact-mediated activation of monocytes by T lymphocytes
Authors: Nevila Hyka, Jean-Michel Dayer, Christine Modoux, Tadahiko Kohno, Carl K. Edwards, Pascale Roux-Lombard, Danielle Burger
Journal: Blood (2001)
Trisomy of a Large Chromosome
Authors: Avery A. Sandberg
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Reference is made to an unusual case among a group of patients with various abnormalities of structure. The patient, a female aged 21 years, weighed 220 lb. and was 67.75 in. in height. She had definite webbing of the neck, with a flat occiput. Psychometric tests revealed an I. Q. of about 40. The referring diagnosis of mongolism was rejected by experienced observers, despite the patient's obvious mongoloid facies and mental retardation. In the laboratory studies 47 chromosomes were noted in the bone-marrow cells. The nuclei of the buccal mucosa contained two sex-chromatin bodies. Trisomy apparently is associated with various congenital defects, the exact syndrome depending on the chromosomes involved and the resulting impact on over-all genetic balance.
8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine in human leukocyte DNA and daily health practice factors: effects of individual alcohol sensitivity.
Authors: M Nakajima, T Takeuchi, T Takeshita, K Morimoto
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

A typical oxidative DNA damage, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), was evaluated in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and mononuclear leukocytes (MN) by an anaerobic determination method. The mean 8-OHdG values were the lowest level ever reported [PMN, 3.07 +/- 1.45; MN, 2.37 +/- 1.21 8-OHdG/10(6) deoxyguanosine molecules (dG); n = 92]. According to a self-administered questionnaire to 92 healthy male workers, the relationship was investigated between 8-OHdG in leukocytes and daily health practice factors, that is, the frequency of physical exercise, smoking status, alcohol drinking, nutritional balance, and the degree of mental stress. A significant difference was observed only in alcohol drinking in subjects classified by aldehyde-dehydrogenase 2 isozyme (ALDH2) genotype. Habitual alcohol intake appeared to increase 8-OHdG in PMN from ALDH2-deficient subjects. Neither age, body mass index, nor any other factors examined showed any significant correlation with the 8-OHdG levels in leukocytes.
CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES PRODUCED BY FOLIC ACID ANTAGONISTS.
Authors: T. J. RYAN, M. M. BODDINGTON, A. I. SPRIGGS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1965)

Journal Article CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES PRODUCED BY FOLIC ACID ANTAGONISTS. Get access T. J. RYAN, T. J. RYAN Dermatological Registrar, United Oxford Hospitals Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. M. BODDINGTON, M. M. BODDINGTON Cytologist Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. I. SPRIGGS A. I. SPRIGGS Consultant Cytologist, Laboratory of Clinical Cytology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 77, Issue 11, 1 November 1965, Pages 541–555, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1965.tb14574.x Published: 01 November 1965
The new ischemic syndromes—an old phenomenon disguised with a new glossary?
Authors: R Ferrari
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

The light is flickering in the room next to the hospital hemodynamic lab.Huddled behind the Tagarno monitor are half a dozen surgeons and interventional cardiologists.The group is divided, on one side there is what, nowadays, is a rather rare example of an old-fashioned thinking 'bedside' cardiologist.On the other side of the screen there is a line of elbowing, excited cardioscientists clutching a series of ice-coated tubes containing biopsies from the left ventricle of Mr. X.Judging from the rather animated discussion about his coronary angiogram, Mr. X is a serious case.He is 58 years old, complains of dyspnea, has a history of several myocardial infarctions and was admitted because of prolonged chest pain.A comparison with his previous ventriculogram suggests that the anterior region of the left ventricle is chronically akinetic.The ejection fraction is Ž .severely reduced being less than 25% , he has 3 severe stenoses in different branches of the left coronary artery and all are suitable for revascularization.As is often the case, opinions differ; the cardiologists favour revascularization, but the surgeons are reluctant.''This is a typical case of hibernation,'' says the first expert.''I wouldn't go that far,'' says the second, ''to me it's clear that there is remodelling of an old scar.''''Well, OK, maybe there's some fibrosis here but, you know, that means less than nothing.I bet I can show you a
Alcoholism in the general hospital.
Authors: C M Jarman, J M Kellett
Journal: BMJ (1979)

To assess the prevalence of alcoholism among people admitted to hospital 303 patients completed a drinking questionnaire. A total of 59 (19.5%) were found to have a drinking problem, which constituted a sixfold greater prevalence than recorded in a community survey using the same technique. The drinkers were mostly men and tended to be younger than the non-drinkers and to smoke more heavily, live in more crowded conditions, and be of lower social class. Significantly more of the drinkers had at least one parent who was an alcoholic. The results confirm that hospital inpatients comprise a larger proportion of alcoholics than found in the general population. Hence medical staff should be alert to such patients, so that treatment may be initiated at an early stage of social decompensation.
American Medical Association Membership
Authors: William R. Barclay
Journal: JAMA (1978)

In June 1978 the American Medical Association House of Delegates voted a 50% reduction in annual membership dues for physicians entering their first year of practice. This reduces to $125 the cost of an AMA membership for the young physician who is just getting established in medical practice, and it should encourage residents who now pay only $35 per year to continue as AMA members at the completion of their training. Membership figures for 1977 show a total active AMA membership of 207,000. Of this number, 174,500 paid full dues, 13,600 were resident physician members, and 14.400 were medical student members. Obviously, young physicians are becoming more active in organized medicine than they have been in the past, and the AMA is actively soliciting their participation, for the young people represent the future health and influence of the AMA. A great many medical societies provide valuable services to their members,
Acquired progressive lymphangioma
Authors: L. MEUNIER, G. BARNEON, J. MEYNADIER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Acquired progressive lymphangioma (APL) is a rare, benign proliferation of lymphatic capillary origin, which is characterized histologically by dermal vascular channels and a 'dissection of collagen' appearance. We describe a 30‐year‐old patient with an extensive, refractory APL on the right breast, which slowly developed over a period of 23years. Pathologists and dermatologists should be aware of this entity, as early surgical treatment may be totally curative when the lesion is limited in size.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation-Reply
Authors: James A. Koufman
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the June 6, 1986, issue of<i>JAMA</i>, Part III of "Standards and Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Emergency Cardiac Care (ECC)"<sup>1</sup>recommends endotracheal tube sizes of 7.5 to 8.0 mm in internal diameter for women and 8.0 to 8.5 mm in internal diameter for men. As my colleagues and I showed in our study reported in 1983,<sup>2</sup>the tube sizes recommended are too large. In our study, we examined the relationship between morphologic parameters and cricoid ring size, the cricoid being the smallest fixed cross-sectional area in the upper airway. We determined that for 85 men and 45 women of comparable height, the female cricoid was an average of 2.7 mm smaller than the male cricoid. We also found that cricoid size is a linear function of height (not of weight). We found that an endotracheal tube with an 8.0-mm internal diameter has
Aurora-A Regulation of Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling by Phosphorylation of IκBα
Authors: Paraskevi Briassouli, Florence Chan, Kay Savage, Jorge S. Reis-Filho, Spiros Linardopoulos
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The Aurora-A/STK15 gene encodes a kinase that is frequently amplified in cancer. Overexpression of Aurora-A in mammalian cells leads to centrosome amplification, genetic instability, and transformation. In this study, we show that Aurora-A activates nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) via IκBα phosphorylation. Inhibition of endogenous Aurora-A reduces tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)–induced IκBα degradation. We analyzed primary human breast cancers, and 13.6% of samples showed Aurora-A gene amplification, all of which exhibited nuclear localization of NF-κB. We propose that this subgroup of patients with breast cancer might benefit from inhibiting Aurora-A. We also show that down-regulation of NF-κB via Aurora-A depletion can enhance cisplatin-dependent apoptosis. These data define a new role for Aurora-A in regulating IκBα that is critical for the activation of NF-κB–directed gene expression and may be partially responsible for the oncogenic effect of Aurora-A when the gene is amplified and overexpressed in human tumors. [Cancer Res 2007;67(4):1689–95]
THE ETIOLOGY OF LARYNGISMUS STRIDULUS.Read in the Section of Laryngology and Otology, at the Forty-third Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Detroit, Mich., June, 1892.
Authors: JOHN O. ROE
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Scarcely any affection has excited so much speculation in regard to its cause as laryngismus stridulus. The first definite theory regarding its etiology was put forth by Kopp in 1830, who asserted that it was caused by the enlargement of the thymus gland. In 1836 Ley maintained that it was always due to "paralysis of the abductor muscles arising from the pressure of strumous, bronchial or cervical glands on the recurrent or pneumogastric nerves." Marshall Hall ascribed laryngismus to a reflex cause, believing that it resulted from irritation in some other part of the body; and this theory was supported in 1849 by Reed, who observed that the spasm was frequently caused by retained meconium, fæcal masses and worms. These opinions, however, were not universally accepted, for it was generally believed, as Mackenzie observes, that the weight of evidence pointed to the practical acceptance of molecular changes in the nerve
Association Between Time Interval to Publication and Statistical Significance
Authors: Kay Dickersin
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Studies have shown that reports from clinical trials with statistically significant results tend to be submitted and published more rapidly than reports from studies with null or insignificant findings. We wanted to determine whether manuscripts reporting positive results from controlled clinical trials are published more quickly than those reporting negative results. We tracked manuscripts from submission to JAMA until the publication decision. We classified results as positive if a statistically significant difference was reported for the primary outcome. Manuscripts were further classified according to indicators of methodologic quality and other study characteristics. We included manuscripts if they were submitted from February 1996 through August 1999, reported results of a prospective study in which participants were assigned to a treatment or comparison group, used statistical tests to compare differences between groups, and were accepted for publication. One hundred thirty-three manuscripts met our inclusion criteria, 78 (59%) reported positive results, 51 (38%) reported negative results. We were unable to classify the direction of results for 4 articles (3%). The time interval between submission and publication was not associated with positive results: median time between submission and publication was 7.8 months for reports with positive vs 7.6 months for reports with negative results (P =.44). Time to publication also was not associated with any marker of study quality or study characteristic. Among 133 published controlled trials, time to publication was not associated with statistical significance, methodologic quality, or other study characteristics.
Adult Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a rare cause of colon polyp
Authors: R. Kibria, P. Gibbs, D. Novick
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

A 65-year-old man with no prior medical problems underwent a screening colonoscopy. He was an ex-smoker with a 100 pack-year cigarette smoking history. A 6-mm sessile, benign-appearing polyp was removed from the descending colon using snare diathermy ([Fig. 1]).
Antimacrophagic properties of antilymphocytic serum.
Authors: D Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1970)

<h3>Background</h3> Namibia is typical of low-income and middle-income countries with growing tobacco use, but with limited capacity to impose comprehensive tobacco control legislation. Despite initiating dialogue on national tobacco control policy in 1991, the country took nearly 20 years to pass the Tobacco Products Control Act. <h3>Objective</h3> To use Namibia as a case study to illustrate challenges faced by low-income countries working to forward tobacco control legislation. <h3>Method</h3> Face-to-face and telephonic interviews were conducted with 13 bureaucrats and advocates currently or previously engaged in tobacco-related work in Namibia. Tobacco-related news articles from national newspapers were examined. <h3>Results</h3> The constitutional obligation of the government to promote public health laid the foundation for Namibia9s tobacco control policy. Staff capacity constraints greatly delayed the passing of tobacco control legislation. It is unclear what influence the tobacco industry9s involvement as a stakeholder had on policy; however, in at least one instance, the tobacco industry actively misled government. Namibia9s ratification of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control was instrumental in passing legislation that meets most provisions of the international treaty. The media have generally played a supportive role in pushing the government to pass tobacco control legislation. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The fact that Namibia was able to pass fairly comprehensive tobacco control legislation with such meagre resources is commendable. The government must now implement the regulations that make the legislation effective. Tobacco control progress in low-income and middle-income nations can be encouraged through use of the media and improved staff and legal capacity within health ministries.
Vascular Lesions of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: D. G. F. Harriman
Journal: BMJ (1965)

BRiTisH 879 but when assessing symptoms that are by definition subjective the patients' opinions are of importance.'Whether or not symptomatic improvement correlates with objective measurements is another matter.It would appear to be particularly important to consider patients' opinions in fluctua- ting conditions such as bronchospasm, where they may well be able to give an overall im- pression of their clinical condition during a period of time, while isolated objective tests only give information on a few minutes separated by many weeks.Another example occurred in the same issue of the B.M.7. in a review of inhaled steroids for asthma (" Any Questions ?" 18 September, p. 691).Admittedly the trials quoted differed in many ways, but the studies relying mainly on subjective assessments2-5 found that inhalations of hydrocortisone acetate were significantly better than placebo while trials utilizing isolated lung function tests'7 were unable to demonstrate a difference between the two regimens.In the trial of breathing exercises it is possible that cough and sputum were worse in the treated group owing to the higher incidence of colds (58% as opposed to 40%), and that the patients took this into considera- tion when they declared an overall improve- ment in the symptom of dyspnoea after breathing exercises.It was, of course, impossible to conduct a double-blind trial on breathing exercises, and Stewart and Anderson8 are probably quite correct in stating that such exercises produce little or no benefit and that apparent im- provement was due to gratitude for extra attention.Nevertheless, it is worth mentioning that in trials of this sort where assessments of subjective symptoms are made over a prolonged period due weight should be given to patients' opinions, as isolated objective tests have considerable limitations.-Iam, etc.,
Relationship between pressure and digital vasculitis in rheumatoid disease.
Authors: J C Edwards
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1980)

The sites of 92 rheumatoid nailfold lesions were compared with sites of pressure as indicated by tissue blanching during gripping. A close correspondence between sites of blanching and sites of vasculitis was found, and this is discussed in relation to the possible role of vascular compression and blood stasis in the development of rheumatoid vasculitis.
Efficacy and safety of loratadine (10 mg once daily), terfenadine (60 mg twice daily), and placebo in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis
Authors: J CARPIO, L KABBASH, Y TURENNE, M PREVOST, J HEBERT, P BEDARD, M NEDILSKI, A GUTKOWSKI, J SCHULZ
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1989)