tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Science, medicine, and the future: New vaccine development
Authors: G. A Poland
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Vaccines are hailed as one of the most important public health achievements of the 20th century. 1 In the next five to 15 years, new vaccines and new vaccine delivery technology will fundamentally change how clinicians prevent and treat disease, with a substantial impact on public health.3][4][5] In addition, research is being carried out on much needed vaccines for the developing world for diseases such as malaria, hookworm, dengue, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, shigella, and tuberculosis, but these are beyond the scope of this brief review.
Precise dermal damage with an infrared coagulator
Authors: G.B. COLVER, R.L. JONES, G.W. CHERRY, R.P.R. DAWBER, T.J. RYAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Journal Article Precise dermal damage with an infrared coagulator Get access G.B. COLVER, G.B. COLVER Department of Dermatology, The Slade Hospital, Oxford, UK. Dr G.B. Colver, Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Lauriston Place, Edinburgh EH3 9YW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.L. JONES, R.L. JONES Department of Dermatology, The Slade Hospital, Oxford, UK. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.W. CHERRY, G.W. CHERRY Department of Dermatology, The Slade Hospital, Oxford, UK. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.P.R. DAWBER, R.P.R. DAWBER Department of Dermatology, The Slade Hospital, Oxford, UK. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T.J. RYAN T.J. RYAN Department of Dermatology, The Slade Hospital, Oxford, UK. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 114, Issue 5, 1 May 1986, Pages 603–608, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb04068.x Published: 01 May 1986 Article history Accepted: 04 November 1985 Published: 01 May 1986
Widow wins right to extend storage of dead husband's sperm
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A 28 year old widow has won a High Court battle for the right to keep her dead husband’s sperm frozen so that she can try to conceive if and when she deems the time to be right.

Beth Warren, a physiotherapist from Birmingham, took legal action against the UK Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, which argued that there was no power to continue storage past April 2015, 10 years from when her husband first gave written consent. The deadline would give her just …
Transplacental Transmission of Natural-Killer-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Elizabeth A. Catlin, Jesse D. Roberts, Rodrigo Erana, Frederic I. Preffer, Judith A. Ferry, Abigail S. Kelliher, Leonard Atkins, Howard J. Weinstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

The placenta is an organ of embryonic origin that supports the growing fetus by facilitating the transfer of nutrients from the mother. It is not well understood how the allogeneic fetus thrives and avoids immune rejection in an environment where only trophoblastic and fetal capillary basement membranes separate the maternal and fetal circulations. Reports of vertical transmission of cancer are exceptionally rare, although maternal cells do reach the fetus1,2 and cancer occurs in nearly 1 in 1000 pregnant women.3–5 Malignant melanoma is the best known example of a cancer that can metastasize to the fetus. We report the . . .
Further observations concerning the effects of hypophysectomy on the gastric mucosa of the rat
Authors: G. P. Crean, R. D. E. Rumsey, S. M. Wheeler
Journal: Gut (1971)

Hypophysectomy in rats markedly reduced the weight and surface area of the stomach as well as the volume (mass) of the gastric mucosa and the total parietal and total peptic cell populations. The parietal cell population was reduced by about 50%, and this effect was due entirely to the reduction that occurred in the total surface area of the stomach (50%); the average number of parietal cells per unit area, which reflects the number of parietal cells in the gastric glands, was not affected. The peptic cell population was reduced by about 90%, the factors responsible being a reduction in the average number of peptic cells per unit area (70%) as well as the reduction that occurred in the surface area of the stomach. The disproportionate effect of hypophysectomy on the cell populations was thus due to the reduction in the number of peptic cells per unit area; this effect implies that hypophysectomy had caused a reduction in the number of the peptic cells in the gastric glands. Whatever the mechanisms involved these results were due to a direct effect of pituitary deprivation on the stomach, since they could not be accounted for simply by the inhibition of somatic growth that follows hypophysectomy in rats. Thus the experiment included a group of sham hypophysectomized rats whose somatic growth was inhibited to the same extent as that of the hypophysectomized animals by deliberate underfeeding. While underfeeding reduced the surface area of the stomach (20%) and the total peptic cell population (25%), as well as exerting a marginal effect on the parietal cell population, these effects were much smaller in magnitude than those of hypophysectomy; moreover underfeeding did not affect the number of peptic cells in the gastric glands. The results confirm that the pituitary gland exerts a strong influence on the growth of the gastricmucosa.
β&lt;SUB&gt;2&lt;/SUB&gt;-Adrenergic Receptor Genotype and Survival Among Patients Receiving β-Blocker Therapy After an Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: David E. Lanfear
Journal: JAMA (2005)

ContextPrevious data support an association between polymorphisms of the β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors (ADRB1 and ADRB2) and surrogate end points of response to β-adrenergic blocker therapy. However, no associations between these polymorphisms and mortality have been demonstrated.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of ADRB1 Arg389Gly (1165 CG), Ser49Gly (145 AG), and ADRB2 Gly16Arg (46 GA), Gln27Glu (79 CG) genotypes on survival among patients discharged with prescribed β-blockers after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Design, Setting, and PatientsProspective cohort study of 735 ACS patients admitted to 2 Kansas City, Mo, medical centers between March 2001 and October 2002; 597 patients were discharged with β-blocker therapy.Main Outcome MeasureMultivariable-adjusted time to all-cause 3-year mortality.ResultsThere were 84 deaths during follow-up. There was a significant association between ADRB2 genotype and 3-year mortality among patients prescribed β-blocker therapy. For the 79 CG polymorphism, Kaplan-Meier 3-year mortality rates were 16% (35 deaths), 11% (27 deaths), and 6% (4 deaths) for the CC, CG, and GG genotypes, respectively (P = .03; adjusted hazard ratios [AHRs], 0.51 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.30-0.87] for CG vs CC and 0.24 (95% CI, 0.09-0.68) for GG vs CC, P = .004). For the ADRB2 46 GA polymorphism, 3-year Kaplan-Meier mortality estimates were 10% (17 deaths), 10% (28 deaths), and 20% (20 deaths) for the GG, GA, and AA genotypes, respectively (P = .005; AHRs, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.27-0.86] for GA vs AA and 0.44 [95% CI, 0.22-0.85] for GG vs AA, P = .02). No mortality difference between genotypes was found among patients not discharged with β-blocker therapy for either the 79 CG or 46 GA polymorphisms (P = .98 and P = .49, respectively). The ADRB2 diplotype and compound genotypes were predictive of survival in patients treated with β-blockers (P = .04 and P = .002; AHRs, 5.36 [95% CI, 1.83-15.69] and 2.41 [95% CI, 0.86-6.74] for 46 A homozygous and composite heterozygous vs 79 G homozygous, respectively). No association of the ADRB1 variants with mortality was observed in either the β-blocker or no β-blocker groups.ConclusionsPatients prescribed β-blocker therapy after an ACS have differential survival associated with their ADRB2 genotypes. Further assessment of the benefits of β-blocker therapy in high-risk genotype groups may be warranted.
Filaggrin-stratified transcriptomic analysis of pediatric skin identifies mechanistic pathways in patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Christian Cole, Karin Kroboth, Nicholas J. Schurch, Aileen Sandilands, Alexander Sherstnev, Grainne M. O'Regan, Rosemarie M. Watson, W.H. Irwin McLean, Geoffrey J. Barton, Alan D. Irvine, Sara J. Brown
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)

Atopic dermatitis (AD; eczema) is characterized by a widespread abnormality in cutaneous barrier function and propensity to inflammation. Filaggrin is a multifunctional protein and plays a key role in skin barrier formation. Loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding filaggrin (FLG) are a highly significant risk factor for atopic disease, but the molecular mechanisms leading to dermatitis remain unclear.
Pilot study of terbinafine in children suffering from tinea capitis: evaluation of efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics
Authors: F. NEJJAM, M. ZAGULA, M.D. CABIAC, N. GUESSOUS, H. HUMBERT, H. LAKHDAR
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

In an open pilot study, 12 children with tinea capitis were treated for 6 weeks with oral terbinafine (125mg/day), and followed up 2 weeks later. The study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics of terbinafine. All patients were completely cured at the end of the treatment period, and there was no evidence of relapse at follow-up. Seven had a negative culture after 3 weeks of treatment. The time to obtain culture conversion from positive to negative did not appear to be related to body weight, but to clinical severity at baseline. Terbinafine is well tolerated and safe over a 56-day period. The kinetic data show a higher clearance of terbinafine in children compared with adults, with shorter α- and β-phase elimination half-lives. However, a longer terminal 7-phase (at least 6 days) is observed, as in adults, after multiple dose administration, and this is related to elimination from the tissues. The plasma concentrations are comparable between children and adults at a steady state (125 mg/day).
The Right to Live
Authors: Thomas P. Kugelman
Journal: JAMA (1970)

This book's subtitle "The Position of the Law when Religious Dogma Opposes Medicine" states the author's two primary concerns: first, the rights and welfare of persons, especially children, who fail to receive medical treatment for religious reasons; and second, the freedom from liability of pastors and faith healers who preach this. Christian Scientists, Jehovah's Witnesses, Mormons, and similar groups are, each in turn, analyzed and taken to task. Unfortunately, Cawley seeks only to prosecute, not to understand the complex subject of faith healing. He depends on very limited source material and evidently had little personal contact with members of the religious groups he condemns. The result is a sad lack of objectivity and basic factual knowledge. His careless statements, for example, about "elders" of the Christian Science Church, bear witness to his inability or unwillingness to acquire insight into the structure and beliefs of such faiths. Conceding the right of
Development of polyneuropathy during thalidomide therapy
Authors: C.H. WULFF, H. HOYER, G. ASBOE-HANSEN, H. BRODTHAGEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article Development of polyneuropathy during thalidomide therapy Get access C.H. WULFF, C.H. WULFF Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology, Finseninstitut, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Dr C.H. Wulff, Department of Clinical Neurology, Odense Hospital, DK‐5000 Odense C, Denmark. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. HØYER, H. HØYER Department of Dermatology, Rigshospitalet, Finseninstitut, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. ASBOE‐HANSEN, G. ASBOE‐HANSEN Department of Dermatology, Rigshospitalet, Finseninstitut, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. BRODTHAGEN H. BRODTHAGEN Department of Dermatology, Finseninstitut, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 112, Issue 4, 1 April 1985, Pages 475–480, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb02323.x Published: 01 April 1985 Article history Accepted: 06 August 1984 Published: 01 April 1985
SIMPLIFIED APPARATUS FOR ALVEOLAR CARBON DIOXID DETERMINATION
Authors: Warren T. Vaughan
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The use of insulin has excited renewed interest in the study of diabetes. Cases with acidosis have often been treated in localities where there are no facilities for determination of blood carbon dioxid tension. Except in comatose patients, the estimation of alveolar carbon dioxid tension will satisfy all clinical requirements. For this I have found the Marriott apparatus satisfactory. Most of the apparatus is contained in a small box measuring 4 by 13 by 20 cm., which can easily be carried in a consultation bag. In addition, it is necessary to have a rubber bladder, a bulb for filling it with air, a length of rubber tubing, and a bottle containing the color reagent.  These extras require additional space, and are sometimes forgotten and left at the office. A satisfactory substitute for the rubber bag is the cuff of an ordinary sphygmomanometer, which may be inflated with the sphygmomanometer air
Keratins let liver live: Mutations predispose to liver disease and crosslinking generates Mallory-Denk bodies
Authors: Nam-On Ku, Pavel Strnad, Bi-Hui Zhong, Guo-Zhong Tao, Bishr M. Omary
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Keratin polypeptides 8 and 18 (K8/K18) are the cytoskeletal intermediate filament proteins of hepatocytes while K8/K18/K19 are the keratins of hepatobiliary ductal cells. Hepatocyte K8/K18 are highly abundant and behave as stress proteins with injury-inducible expression. Human association studies show that K8/K18 germline heterozygous mutations predispose to end-stage liver disease of multiple etiologies ( approximately 3 fold increased risk), and to liver disease progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. These findings are supported by extensive transgenic mouse and ex vivo primary hepatocyte culture studies showing that K8 or K18 mutations predispose the liver to acute or subacute injury and promote apoptosis and fibrosis. Mutation-associated predisposition to liver injury is likely related to mechanical and nonmechanical keratin functions including maintenance of cell integrity, protection from apoptosis and oxidative injury, serving as a phosphate sponge, regulation of mitochondrial organization/function and protein targeting. These functions are altered by mutation-induced changes in keratin phosphorylation, solubility and filament organization/reorganization. Keratins are also the major constituents of Mallory-Denk bodies (MDBs). A toxin-induced K8>K18 ratio, and keratin crosslinking by transglutaminase-2 play essential roles in MDB formation. Furthermore, intracellular or cell-released K18 fragments, generated by caspase-mediated proteolysis during apoptosis serve as markers of liver injury. Therefore, K8 and K18 are cytoprotective stress proteins that play a central role in guarding hepatocytes from apoptosis. Keratin involvement in liver disease is multi-faceted and includes modulating disease progression upon mutation, formation of MDBs in response to unique forms of injury, and serving as markers of epithelial cell death.
Bladder Ear
Authors: Muge Aygen, Isin E. Akduman, Medhat M. Osman
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Herniation of the bladder into the inguinal canal (bladder ear) is rare and occurs in 1% to 3% of all inguinal hernias. It is commonly seen in infants but rarely observed in adults. Most bladder hernias are asymptomatic but may be discovered unexpectedly during herniorrhaphy or with an occasional intraoperative bladder injury because of partial or near-total cystectomy of the bladder ear in a herniated sac. The appearance of bladder ear hernias on voiding cystourethrography, intravenous pyelography, and CT has been well described. Bladder activity is frequently seen in general nuclear medicine studies with significant bladder activity such as bone scans, renal scans, and PET/CT studies. The finding on PET/CT is what would be expected based on prior CT and IVP results, and in the current case, where such activity could be mistaken for malignancy, such recognition becomes even more important. Restaging PET/CT images of a patient with a history of head and neck cancer revealed a focal intense metabolic activity in the left inguinal canal. Without the CT information, such focal activity could be mistaken for metastatic nodal disease. Intense physiologic metabolic activity in cancer patients may represent potential pitfalls in the interpretation of PET/CT studies. Familiarity with the appearance of bladder ears on PET/CT may facilitate appropriate diagnosis and avoid false interpretation.
Occupational Solvent Exposure and Brain Function: An fMRI Study
Authors: Cheuk Ying Tang, David M. Carpenter, Emily L. Eaves, Johnny Ng, Nimalya Ganeshalingam, Clifford Weisel, Hua Qian, Gudrun Lange, Nancy L. Fiedler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Deficits in cognitive function have been demonstrated among workers chronically exposed to solvents, but the neural basis for these deficits has not been shown.We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare pathophysiological changes in brain function between solvent-exposed and control workers.Painters, drywall tapers, and carpenters were recruited from the International Union of Painters and Allied Trades, District Council 9 in New York City and District Council 21 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and from the Carpenters Union in New Jersey. Twenty-seven solvent-exposed and 27 control subjects of similar age, education, and occupational status completed the N-Back working memory test during fMRI. After controlling for confounders (age; lifetime marijuana, cocaine, and alcohol use; blood lead; symptoms of depression; verbal intelligence), voxelwise group analysis and regional activation levels were compared and then correlated with an index of lifetime solvent exposure.Solvent-exposed workers' performance on the N-Back was significantly worse than that of controls. Activation of the anterior cingulate, prefrontal, and parietal cortices--areas serving working memory function and attention--was also significantly lower for solvent-exposed workers relative to controls. After controlling for confounders, we observed a negative correlation between lifetime solvent exposure and activation in these same regions among the solvent-exposed workers.This study is one of the few to document neural structures affected by exposure to solvents. Our findings provide a biological mechanism for the neurobehavioral deficits in working memory and attention that have previously been reported by other groups studying the effects of chronic exposure to solvents. These imaging markers, which are consistent with the neurobehavioral measures in our subject population, are consistent with altered brain pathology caused by prolonged exposure to solvent mixtures during construction work.
Effects of meal carbohydrate content on insulin requirements in type 1 diabetic patients treated intensively with the basal-bolus (ultralente-regular) insulin regimen.
Authors: R Rabasa-Lhoret, J Garon, H Langelier, D Poisson, J L Chiasson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we evaluated the effects of high-(55%) and low-(40%) carbohydrate diets on insulin requirements in nine type 1 diabetic subjects treated intensively with ultralente as basal insulin and regular insulin as premeal insulin adjusted to the carbohydrate content of meals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Nine subjects were randomized in a crossover design to follow two diets consecutively for a period of 14 days each. A 3-day food diary was completed for each diet with the amount of carbohydrate in the mixed meals ranging from 21 to 188 g. Preprandial (5.9 vs. 6.1 mmol/l) and postprandial (8 vs. 8.9 mmol/l) capillary glucose and fructosamine (310 vs. 316 mumol/l) were comparable on both the low- and high-carbohydrate diets. RESULTS: The assessment of meal carbohydrate content by the patients was excellent, with &amp;gt; 85% of cases falling within 15% of computer-assisted evaluation. When premeal regular insulin was prescribed in U/10 g of carbohydrate, the postprandial glycemic rise remained constant (2.4 +/- 2.8 mmol/l) over a wide range of carbohydrate ingested (21-188 g) and was not affected by the glycemic index, fiber, and caloric and lipidic content of the meals. This tight control was maintained during the low- and high-carbohydrate diet without any change in insulin requirements (breakfast, 1.5 vs. 1.5 U/10 g of carbohydrate; lunch, 1.0 vs. 1.0; supper, 1.1 vs. 1.2) and in basal ultralente insulin requirements (22.5 vs. 21.4 U/day). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that in type 1 diabetic subjects 1) increasing the amount of carbohydrate intake does not influence glycemic control if premeal regular insulin is adjusted to the carbohydrate content of the meals; 2) algorithms based on U/10 g of carbohydrate are effective and safe, whatever the amount of carbohydrate in the meal; 3) the glycemic index, fiber, and lipidic and caloric content of the meals do not affect premeal regular insulin requirements; 4) wide variations in carbohydrate intake do not modify basal (ultralente) insulin requirements; and, finally 5) the ultralente-regular insulin regimen allows dissection between basal and prandial insulin requirements, so that each can be adjusted accurately and independently.
Reconstruction of right ventricular outflow with a valved homograft conduit
Authors: D. J. Wheatley, S. Prusty, D. N. Ross
Journal: Thorax (1974)

<b>Wheatley, D. J., Prusty, S., and Ross, D. N. (1974).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>29</b>, 617-623. <b>Reconstruction of right ventricular outflow with a valved homograft conduit.</b> Since 1966 a conduit of homograft ascending aorta with its valve has been used for reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow. This technique has been applied to 123 operations for pulmonary autograft replacement of the aortic valve, 48 operations for correction of severe Fallot9s tetralogy or pulmonary atresia, five operations for truncus arteriosus, two operations for transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect, and six operations for tricuspid atresia or common ventricle. Ease of insertion and satisfactory function have encouraged us in the use of this form of conduit.