tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hypnosis, Attention and Concentration: Reflections on the Possibilities of Hypnosis outside the Hypnotic Setting
Authors: Antonio Maria Lapenta, Attilio Randone
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1990)

The authors define the concepts of attention, concentration and hypnosis. Starting from these theses they examine the possible existence of a continuum of states of consciousness, from wakefulness to the so-called hypnosis, with an increasing number of correlations of neurophysiological plasticity. The authors point out that, in those cases in which the requirements needed for the hypnotic phenomenon to take place are lacking, it is possible to exploit the patient's 'concentration' by using a kind of ideoplastia which goes with it. The final question is whether or not the concepts of concentration and hypnosis are synonymous - whether or not concentration is hypnosis or vice versa. The authors offer some personal and original reflections on these questions.
Systematic review on noninvasive assessment of subclinical cardiovascular disease in obstructive sleep apnea: new kid on the block!
Authors: Shozab S. Ali, Ebenezer T. Oni, Haider J. Warraich, Michael J. Blaha, Roger S. Blumenthal, Adil Karim, Sameer Shaharyar, Omar Jamal, Jonathan Fialkow, Ricardo Cury, Matthew J. Budoff, Arthur S. Agatston, Khurram Nasir
Journal: Sleep Medicine Reviews (2014)
Environmental Tobacco Smoke Suppresses Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling to Increase Apoptosis in Infant Monkey Lungs
Authors: Cai-Yun Zhong, Ya Mei Zhou, Jesse P. Joad, Kent E. Pinkerton
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in early life has adverse effects on lung development. Apoptosis plays an essential role in development; however, the molecular mechanisms of pulmonary apoptosis induced by environmental tobacco smoke is unknown.To investigate the mechanistic role of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB, a critical cell survival pathway, in the developing lungs exposed to environmental tobacco smoke.Timed-pregnant rhesus monkeys and their offspring were exposed to filtered air or to aged and diluted sidestream cigarette smoke as a surrogate to environmental tobacco smoke (a total suspended particulate concentration of 0.99 mg/m(3) for 6 h/d, 5 d/wk) from 45-50 d gestational age to 72-77 d postnatal age (n = 4/group).NF-kappaB-DNA binding activity, regulated anti-apoptotic genes, and apoptosis were measured in lung tissues. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke significantly suppressed NF-kappaB activation pathway and activity. Environmental tobacco smoke further down-regulated NF-kappaB-dependent anti-apoptotic genes and induced activation of caspases, cleavage of cellular death substrates (poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase and caspase-activated DNase) and an increase in the rate of apoptosis in the lung parenchyma. No significant alterations were observed for activator protein 1, p53 or Akt activity.Our results indicate that exposure to low levels of environmental tobacco smoke during a critical window of maturation in the neonatal nonhuman primate may compromise lung development with potential implications for future lung growth and function. These findings support our hypothesis that NF-kappaB plays a key role in the regulation of the apoptotic process.
Medicine and the US embargo against Cuba
Authors: E. Huertas
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —In his Commentary, 1 Dr Chelala proposes negotiations between Cuban and US physicians as an avenue toward a more open and democratic society to benefit the Cuban people.  Chelala's political naivete assumes that Castro will go along with any type of rapprochement that will endanger his absolute hold on power. To the contrary, this softening of the embargo as proposed by Chelala and others will be used by Castro toward his own goals of survival. At any time Castro will stop any moves designed to threaten his full dictatorship with swift action. The shooting down of 2 unarmed small planes over international waters with the loss of innocent lives attests to that.  The only embargo worth lifting is the one Castro's illegitimate government has on the Cuban people.  Castro's days are numbered. The only rational policy toward Cuba is to take the steps to accelerate this process.
Imaging Findings and Therapy Response Monitoring in Chronic Sclerodermatous Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Authors: Alexander W. Sauter, Holger Schmidt, Frederic Mantlik, Armin Kolb, Birgit Federmann, Christina Pfannenberg, Matthias Reimold, Bernd J. Pichler, Wolfgang Bethge, Marius S. Horger
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Purpose Our objective was a multifunctional imaging approach of chronic sclerodermatous graft-versus-host disease (ScGVHD) and its course during therapy using PET/MRI. Methods We performed partial-body PET/CT and PET/MRI of the calf in 6 consecutively recruited patients presenting with severe ScGVHD. The patients were treated with different immunosuppressive regimens and supportive therapies. PET/CT scanning started 60.5 ± 3.3 minutes, PET/MRI imaging 139.5 ± 16.7 minutes after 18F-FDG application. MRI acquisition included T1- (precontrast and postcontrast) and T2-weighted sequences. SUVmean, T1 contrast enhancement, and T2 signal intensity from region-of-interest analysis were calculated for different fascial and muscular compartments. In addition, musculoskeletal MRI findings and the modified Rodnan skin score were assessed. All patients underwent imaging follow-up. Results At baseline PET/MRI, ScGVHD-related musculoskeletal abnormalities consisted of increased signal and/or thickening of involved anatomical structures on T2-weighted and T1 postcontrast images as well as an increased FDG uptake. At follow-up, ScGVHD-related imaging findings decreased (SUVmean n = 4, mean T1 contrast enhancement n = 5, mean T2 signal intensity n = 3) or progressed (SUVmean n = 3, mean T1 contrast enhancement n = 2, mean T2 signal intensity n = 4). Clinically modified Rodnan skin score improved for 5 follow-ups and progressed for 2. SUVmean values correlated between PET/CT and PET/MRI acquisition (r = 0.660, P = 0.014), T1 contrast enhancement, and T2 signal (r = 0.668, P = 0.012), but not between the SUVmean values and the MRI parameters. Conclusions PET/MRI as a combined morphological and functional technique seems to assess the inflammatory processes from different points of view and provides therefore in part complementary information.
Insulin in the Brain: A Hormonal Regulator of Energy Balance*
Authors: MICHAEL W. SCHWARTZ, DIANNE P. FIGLEWICZ, DENIS G. BASKIN, STEPHEN C. WOODS, DANIEL PORTE
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1992)

EARLY studies of brain glucose metabolism established the axiom that insulin is not required for utilization of glucose by the central nervous system (CNS) (1). A corollary to this concept was the belief that circulating insulin is incapable of crossing the bloodbrain barrier (BBB) and is therefore without effects in the brain. While the first of these tenets remains unchallenged, the second has been subjected to detailed scrutiny for over a decade, following the identification of both insulin (2) and its receptor (3) in the adult mammalian brain. Early reports of relatively high concentrations of insulin in brain extracts raised the possibility that insulin is synthesized and released locally in the CNS, as had been established for several other peptide hormones (2). Recent investigations, however, indicate that "brain insulin" is derived largely from the circulation (4), and a growing body of evidence suggests that its delivery into the neuropil may be facilitated by a specialized BBB transport system (5, 6). Moreover, insulin produces marked effects on food intake behavior and is implicated in the central regulation of autonomic function. Thus, although our current understanding of the roles played by insulin in the brain is far from complete, the early perception of the brain as an insulin-insensitive tissue can no longer be considered tenable. In this article, we review recent literature related to the hypothesis that insulin is an afferent CNS signal which regulates normal energy balance.
A Clinical Study of the Iodoacetate Index (Huggins Test) in Cancer and in Various Nonmalignant Pathologic Conditions
Authors: D. Rourke Gilligan, Joan T. Rothwell, Shields Warren
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

AT PRESENT the degree of the success of cancer therapy is directly related to the promptness of the diagnosis and of the institution of treatment. It is for this reason that tests on blood and the body fluids that might aid in the diagnosis of cancer soon after its inception have been sought so diligently. Huggins1 has recently reviewed the status and accomplishments in this field, and Huggins, Miller and Jensen2 have studied certain thermal coagulative properties of the serum proteins in a series of normal subjects, patients with cancer and patients with various nonmalignant pathologic conditions. By measuring the . . .
Deep venous thrombosis of the upper extremity: a reappraisal.
Authors: S M Prescott, G Tikoff
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the upper extremity is an unusual thrombotic event (1-2% of all DVT) which can be conveniently divided into two categories, traumatic (including "stress") and spontaneous. The spontaneous form is not reported as often in the literature, but occurs more commonly than the traumatic form. There is an increased left-sided predominance in spontaneous DVT compared with the traumatic form, where a right-sided predominance exists. Possible anatomical and physiological explanations are offered for the left-sided predominance in spontaneous DVT of the upper extremity. The thrombogenesis of DVT of the upper extremity is compared with DVT of the lower extremity. An analysis of responses to therapy and considerations for other therapeutic approaches are offered.
Early gene expression profiles of patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with pegylated interferon-alfa and ribavirin
Authors: Zobair M. Younossi, Ancha Baranova, Arian Afendy, Rochelle Collantes, Maria Stepanova, Ganiraju Manyam, Anita Bakshi, Christopher L. Sigua, Joanne P. Chan, Ayuko A. Iverson, Christopher D. Santini, Sheng‐Yung P. Chang
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Responsiveness to hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy depends on viral and host factors. Our aim was to assess sustained virologic response (SVR)-associated early gene expression in patients with HCV receiving pegylated interferon-alpha2a (PEG-IFN-alpha2a) or PEG-IFN-alpha2b and ribavirin with the duration based on genotypes. Blood samples were collected into PAXgene tubes prior to treatment as well as 1, 7, 28, and 56 days after treatment. From the peripheral blood cells, total RNA was extracted, quantified, and used for one-step reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to profile 154 messenger RNAs. Expression levels of messenger RNAs were normalized with six "housekeeping" genes and a reference RNA. Multiple regression and stepwise selection were performed to assess differences in gene expression at different time points, and predictive performance was evaluated for each model. A total of 68 patients were enrolled in the study and treated with combination therapy. The results of gene expression showed that SVR could be predicted by the gene expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription-6 (STAT-6) and suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 in the pretreatment samples. After 24 hours, SVR was predicted by the expression of interferon-dependent genes, and this dependence continued to be prominent throughout the treatment.Early gene expression during anti-HCV therapy may elucidate important molecular pathways that may be influencing the probability of achieving virologic response.
Quality of life among 5,025 patients with left ventricular dysfunction randomized between placebo and enalapril: The studies of left ventricular dysfunction
Authors: William J. Rogers, David E. Johnstone, Salim Yusuf, Debra H. Weiner, Philip Gallagher, Vera A. Bittner, Sylvie Ahn, Eleanor Schron, Sally A. Shumaker, L.Thomas Sheffield
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
Preventing Firearm Violence
Authors: Christine K. Cassel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 November 1995Preventing Firearm ViolenceChristine K. Cassel, MD, MDChristine K. Cassel, MD, MDAmerican College of PhysiciansSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-10-199511150-00034 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Gun-related injury in the United States claimed 38000 lives in the 12 months preceding October 1994, a number 5 to 10 times higher than that in other developed countries. Since 1980, more than 50000 U.S. children have died of gunshot wounds; for African-American male youths, gun-related homicide is the leading cause of death. Certainly Drs. DeHart and Nacol would agree that these potentially preventable deaths are a national tragedy that must be addressed.Violence prevention, building on the older field of injury control, is a dynamic new field of public health recognized by the American College of Physicians, ...References1. Violence and the Public's Health. Health Affairs Special Issue. 1993; Winter. Google Scholar2. Reiss AJ, Roth JA, eds. Understanding and Preventing Violence. Washington, DC: National Academy of Science Pr; 1993. Google Scholar3. Kleck G. Point Blank: Guns and Violence in America. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter; 1993. Google Scholar4. McDowall D, Loftin C, Weiersema B. Easing concealed firearm laws: effects on homicide in three states. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. 1995. Google Scholar5. Hemenway D, Solnick SJ, Azrael R. Firearm training and storage. JAMA. 1995; 273:46-50. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: American College of Physicians PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 November 1995Volume 123, Issue 10Page: 814-814KeywordsChildrenFire safetyFirearm injuriesHomicideMedical risk factorsPrevention, policy, and public healthResearch quality assessmentSafetySuicideViolent crime Issue Published: 15 November 1995 CopyrightCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Theft As a Professional Way of Life
Authors: MARGARET M. KLINKROTH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 December 1971Theft As a Professional Way of LifeMARGARET M. KLINKROTHMARGARET M. KLINKROTHSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-75-6-968_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I read with no great surprise your editorial, "Thievery in Medical-School Libraries, in the September issue (pp. 469-470). I can assure you that you speak not only for medical-school libraries but also for medical libraries in hospitals not affiliated with medical schools.I have not had the courage to calculate the percentage of the acquisitions budget that we must use to replace "missing" books and journals, but it is about 10%—this is in a library that serves only physicians. In this hospital it would be considered as tasteless as spitting on the American flag to call a... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Medical Staff Librarian Good Samaritan Hospital Phoenix, Ariz. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1971Volume 75, Issue 6Page: 968-968KeywordsLibrariesTheft ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
Medically unexplained symptoms: (Letter 1 of 2)
Authors: S L Mackie, A O Frank
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

Dr Page and Professor Wessely should be congratulated on their exploration of medically unexplained symptoms and the doctor-patient encounter (May 2003 JRSM1). We wish to add some comments from the standpoint of a rheumatology chronic back pain clinic.

‘Medically unexplained’ implies a dualistic view, separating biomedical from psychosocial models. As physicians, our social role is fundamentally biomedical, and this still has value: in our clinic, 8% of a series of 657 consecutive referrals received an alternative diagnosis.2 In many cases, the biomedical model appears insufficient to fully ‘explain’ a patient's symptoms. This, if perceived as a failure to fulfil the physician's proper role, can cause negative feelings in both doctor and patient. Conversely, an explanation that involves a physical mechanism appears useful in maintaining a positive doctor-patient relationship.3 In our clinic we avoid labels such as ‘fibromyalgia’, which can contribute to social iatrogenesis.4 Instead we try to provide patients with an explanatory model for their symptoms that is based on the interdependence of mind and body, with the aim of acknowledging the reality of the patient's suffering but breaking the loop of multiple unnecessary investigations.

Patient satisfaction was found in our clinic to relate as much to communication—the opportunity to discuss personal worries and future prognosis—as to the investigations performed.5 Reassurance is not simply a matter of ‘ruling out sinister causes’6 but of directly addressing a patient's fears, particularly regarding the future.7

The consultation can then move on to take a pragmatic patient-centred approach to management. Guidelines developed for our clinic recommend that, to avoid engendering unrealistic hopes, doctors explain to patients that physiotherapy will not cure their pain but will help them to achieve more despite this pain. Likewise, when referring for magnetic resonance imaging, we tell the patient why—for example, explaining that we want to make sure that there is no contraindication to aggressive rehabilitation.

In this way, we try to use consultation techniques that directly address the patient's hopes, fears and expectations as well as addressing the physician's agenda of excluding other organic disease and recommending appropriate treatments.
Isolation, maturational level, and functional capacity of human colon lamina propria plasma cells
Authors: F Medina
Journal: Gut (2003)

<b>Background and aims:</b> Large numbers of plasma cells (PC) localise in the intestinal lamina propria (LP) where they play a critical role in the defence against pathogens. This study analyses the level of maturation reached by normal human colon LPPC in comparison with that of bone marrow (BM) PC. <b>Methods:</b> A technique was designed to purify LPPC by combining collagenase digestion of the mucosal layer and immunomagnetic selection of CD54<sup>+</sup> LP cells. It provided highly purified PC, as demonstrated by morphology, CD38<sup>h</sup> phenotype, and cytoplasmic IgA staining criteria. This procedure allowed comparison of in vitro functional capacities and a broad phenotypic analysis of BMPC and LPPC. <b>Results:</b> LPPC and BMPC exhibited identical expression of differentiation markers (CD19<sup>−/+</sup>, CD20<sup>−</sup>, HLA-DR<sup>low/−</sup>, VS38c<sup>high</sup>), survival molecules (CD95 <sup>low/−</sup>, Bcl-2<sup>+</sup>), and B cell transcription factor profile, as well as similar in vitro Ig secreting kinetics (14 days) and lack of susceptibility to apoptosis by CD95 ligation. In contrast, they markedly differed in adhesion molecule expression, as LPPC showed higher levels of CD44 and CD21 and were α4β7<sup>+</sup> whereas BMPC lacked this integrin and expressed higher levels of CD49d and CD31. <b>Conclusion:</b> These data indicate that PC at effector sites of the humoral response (BM and LP) show similar high differentiation, survival, and functional features but display a distinctive pattern of adhesion molecules, probably related to their respective homing locations.
Heterocyclic amines: occurrence and prevention in cooked food.
Authors: S Robbana-Barnat, M Rabache, E Rialland, J Fradin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

This article deals with the mutagenic heterocyclic amines, especially the aminoimidazoazaarenes family, isolated from cooked foods. The conditions which lead to their occurrence in foods are discussed. This formation primarily depends on the characteristics of the food, such as the type of the food and the presence of precursors, water, and lipids. Secondarily, it depends on the cooking modes where the temperature is considered to be the most important factor involved in their formation. As their formation during cooking represents a health risk, we present some ways and means to limit their formation by alternative cooking methods that tend to decrease heterocyclic amine concentrations in foods as they are implicated in cancer risks.
Inactivation of CD73 promotes atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice
Authors: Anja Buchheiser, Annette Ebner, Sandra Burghoff, Zhaoping Ding, Michael Romio, Claudia Viethen, Antje Lindecke, Karl Köhrer, Jens W. Fischer, Jürgen Schrader
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

CD73 (ecto-5′-nucleotidase) is expressed by a broad range of immune cells and attenuates inflammation in several acute disease models. This study therefore explored the role of CD73-derived adenosine in a model of chronic vascular inflammation such as atherogenesis. CD73−/− mice were backcrossed into the apolipoprotein E (ApoE−/−) background. In CD73−/−/ApoE−/− double mutants, atherosclerotic lesion formation was increased by ∼50% compared with ApoE−/−. However, the cellular composition and extracellular matrix of the plaques did not differ. Surprisingly, we found significant activity and expression of CD73 in the plaque of ApoE−/− mice which increased over time. CD73 co-localized with macrophages, Tregs, and cells of mesenchymal origin. Genome-wide microarray analysis of the aorta lacking CD73 revealed upregulation of endothelin-1 (Edn1) mRNA together with changes of genes in lipid metabolism and the Wnt and nuclear factor kappa B pathways. Measurement of plasma levels verified the upregulation of Edn1 in CD73−/− and double mutants. Plasma triglycerides (TG) were also found to be significantly elevated in the CD73−/−/ApoE−/− mice compared with ApoE−/− controls. Lack of CD73 promotes atherogenesis most likely by de-inhibition of resident macrophages and T cells. Elevated Edn1 and TG levels may have contributed. This establishes CD73-derived adenosine as a direct or indirect regulator of atherogenesis.
Antibody conjugated supported lipid bilayer for capturing and purification of viable tumor cells in blood for subsequent cell culture
Authors: Jen-Chia Wu, Po-Yuan Tseng, Wen-Sy Tsai, Mei-Ying Liao, Si-Hong Lu, Curtis W. Frank, Jinn-Shiun Chen, Han-Chung Wu, Ying-Chih Chang
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
UREA TOLERANCE AFTER UNILATERAL NEPHRECTOMY IN RABBITS
Authors: Howard T. Karsner, Ruben Straus, Robert A. Moore, Ramon F. Hanzal
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

The method of study has an objective somewhat different from, and lacking the precision of, the ratio of Addis and the urea clearance of Van Slyke. It serves, however, to demonstrate that although for a month after unilateral nephrectomy the remaining kidney shows diminished capacity to hold blood urea within the normal range, nevertheless after 4 months this function is maintained in essentially the same degree as if both kidneys were present. This does not imply that all activities of the kidney remaining after unilateral nephrectomy are potentially augmented, but the data offered justify the conclusion that as the remaining kidney undergoes enlargement its functional capacity increases and the process represents a genuine hypertrophy in the critical sense.