tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Histological examination of peroperative frozen sections in suspected lung cancer.
Authors: S A Nashef, J G Kakadellis, P S Hasleton, J S Whittaker, C M Gregory, M T Jones
Journal: Thorax (1993)

Despite extensive investigations some patients with suspected lung cancer may undergo thoracotomy without preoperative histological proof of malignancy. A questionnaire on the use of histological examination of peroperative frozen sections in such patients was sent to 50 thoracic surgeons. Replies were received from 41 surgeons and indicated an absence of consensus on the usefulness of histological examination of frozen sections in this context, confirming the need for this study.During one year 60 consecutive patients undergoing thoracotomy for suspected lung cancer without a prior histological diagnosis were studied prospectively. At thoracotomy the surgeon assessed the lesion macroscopically and a verdict on whether it was malignant was recorded. A biopsy specimen was then taken for examination of a frozen section and the result recorded. The appropriate operation was performed and the surgeon's verdict and the report on the frozen section were compared with the definitive histological diagnosis based on a paraffin section.Of 50 malignant lesions, 43 were identified by the surgeon and 47 by examination of the frozen section (sensitivity 86% and 94% respectively). Of 10 benign lesions, four were identified by the surgeon and nine by examination of the frozen section (specificity 40% and 90% respectively).Clinical and macroscopic assessment at thoracotomy are inferior to examination of frozen sections in suspected lung cancer, particularly where the lesion is benign. Lung resection should not be performed without examination of peroperative frozen sections when thoracotomy is performed for suspected but unproved lung cancer.
Use of negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry for the trace analysis of metals.
Authors: T H Risby
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1980)

The synthesis of various volatile and thermally stable derivatives of metals ions has permitted the use of conventional mass spectrometry for trace metal analysis. This paper reviews the development of the field using electron impact and chemical ionization mass spectrometry. This latter methodology produces simple mass spectra that enable complex mixtures to be analyzed. In addition the use of negative ion detection has produced selective ionization since many metal chelates contain heteroatoms which are electronegative. A discussion of the use of this general methodology for trace metal analysis is included, together with its applications to the analysis of ruthenium in automobile exhaust emissions and iron in red blood cells from laboratory rats. The future use of this methodology is expected to be for the monitoring of stable metal isotopes. This procedure could be used to follow these tracers in clinical and environmental studies and it is expected that their use will replace radioactive isotopes in most studies.
Role of norepinephrine in ischemic preconditioning in rabbit myocardium.
Authors: G A Rongen, P Smits, T Thien
Journal: Circulation (1994)

without hypotension were receiving (-blocker therapy at the time of testing.We agree with the conclusion of Pontillo et al that the pathophysiology of hypotension occurring during dobutamine infusion has not been completely defined.However, it is apparent from previous investigations that hypotension alone rarely requires test termination and does not necessarily imply the presence of ad- vanced coronary artery disease or an adverse prognosis.12'5
Self-Rated Health and Diabetes of Long Duration: The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Barbara EK Klein, Ronald Klein, Scot E Moss
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the self-reported quality of life in individuals with diabetes of long duration. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS An interview was administered 14 years after baseline to two cohorts of individuals with diabetes who have been followed in an epidemiological study periodically since 1980. Responses to the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 as related to complications of diabetes, age, glycosylated hemoglobin level, and other characteristics were assessed. RESULTS Physical function, physical role, general health scales, and a general question about health were related to diabetes characteristics in older- and younger-onset individuals. Symptoms of sensory neuropathy were associated with the four measures in both younger- (n = 645) and older-onset (n = 292) individuals. Other descriptive variables in the younger-onset group were the presence of nephropathy, cardiovascular disease, smoking, peak expiratory flow, physical activity, and glycosylated hemoglobin. Hypoglycemic reactions were of only borderline significance and that for only one scale (physical role). In older-onset individuals, cardiovascular disease, physical activity, and sex were descriptive of responses to the quality-of-life questions. CONCLUSIONS Factors related to diabetes contribute to self-assessed health. Some of these factors may be modifiable, which, if altered, may lead to improved quality of life.
Response to Correspondence: Pardossi-Piquard et al., “Presenilin-Dependent Transcriptional Control of the Aβ-Degrading Enzyme Neprilysin by Intracellular Domains of βAPP and APLP.” Neuron 46, 541–554
Authors: Raphaëlle Pardossi-Piquard, Julie Dunys, Toshitaka Kawarai, Claire Sunyach, Cristine Alves da Costa, Bruno Vincent, Jean Sévalle, Sanjay Pimplikar, Peter St George-Hyslop, Frédéric Checler
Journal: Neuron (2007)
Side‐effects of insect venom immunotherapy:results from an EAACI multicenter study
Authors: H. Mosbech, U. Müller, On Behalf Of The Study Group*
Journal: Allergy (2000)

Background: The effect of venom immunotherapy (VIT) is well documented, but fear of systemic side‐effects (SE) may prevent its use. The study aimed to analyze the character and frequency of SE and risk factors. Methods: In a prospective study, 19 European centers included patients starting on VIT for systemic reactions to insect stings. Various dose regimens were applied. Results: Data from 840 patients with a total of 26601 injections were obtained. Seventy‐one percent were treated with Vespula ‐venom extract and 27% with honeybee‐venom extract. Twenty percent of patients had SE corresponding to 1.9% of injections during dose increase and 0.5% during the maintenance phase. The vast majority of the 280 reactions were mild: only one‐third required medical treatment. Injected or inhaled adrenaline was applied in six patients, of whom only one had a drop in blood pressure and collapse. Female sex, bee‐venom extract, and rapid dose increase, but not severity of insect sting reactions, increased the risk of SE. The severity of SE was less in males but was not related to age, treatment phase, species of insect, or severity of insect sting reactions. Conclusions: The frequency of SE was low, and the majority of thesecould be managed without treatment. Risk was increased in females, in bee‐venom‐treated patients, and in those with rapid dose increase.
One hundred pregnancies after treatment with pulsatile luteinising hormone releasing hormone to induce ovulation.
Authors: R. Homburg, A. Eshel, N. A. Armar, M. Tucker, P. W. Mason, J. Adams, J. Kilborn, I. A. Sutherland, H. S. Jacobs
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To review treatment with pulsatile luteinising hormone releasing hormone in infertile women who do not ovulate and are resistant to clomiphene after 100 pregnancies achieved with this treatment. DESIGN--Retrospective analysis of 146 courses of treatment over 434 cycles. SETTING--Infertility clinic. PATIENTS--118 Women whose failure to ovulate was due to idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (n = 39), amenorrhoea related to low weight (n = 17), organic pituitary disease (n = 15), or polycystic ovaries (n = 47). INTERVENTIONS--Dose of 15 micrograms luteinising hormone releasing hormone/pulse subcutaneously every 90 minutes given with a miniaturised pump throughout cycle monitored by ultrasound. Women with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism had 48 courses, women with amenorrhoea related to low weight 23, women with organic pituitary disease 18, and women with polycystic ovaries 57. END POINT--Follow up of 100 pregnancies achieved in 77 women during six years after introducing treatment. MEASUREMENTS and main results--One hundred pregnancies (seven multiple, 28 miscarriages). Cumulative rates of pregnancy were 93-100% at six months in women with idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, amenorrhoea related to low weight, and organic pituitary disease. In women with polycystic ovaries (cumulative rate of pregnancy 74%) adverse prognostic factors were obesity, hyperandrogenism, and high luteinising hormone concentrations, which were also associated with a high rate of early pregnancy loss. CONCLUSIONS--Treatment with pulsatile luteinising hormone releasing hormone is safe, simple, and effective, and the preferred method of inducing ovulation in appropriately selected patients. Compared with exogenous gonadotrophin treatment there is little need for monitoring, no danger of hyperstimulation, and a low rate of multiple pregnancies.
Biological effects of raw and processed oil shale particles in the lungs of laboratory animals.
Authors: L M Holland, D M Smith, R G Thomas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1979)

Environmental and occupational health concerns will have an effect on the developing oil shale technologies. The mining and crushing of large volumes of rock will be a characteristic of at least some of these technologies, and above ground disposal of proceessed shale will require adequate control measures. Exposure by inhalation to the dusts that may arise from shale oil technologies may present a hazard both in the work force and in the local population. Animal studies dealing with the effects of oil shale-related materials in the lung are in progress. Experiments involving Syrian hamsters exposed by inhalation and by intratracheal instillation are described.
1194 SYNERGISTIC COMBINATIONS OF ENTRY INHIBITORS WITH DACLATASVIR OR SOFOSBUVIR FOR PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: I. Fofana, F. Xiao, C. Thumann, R. Alles, F. Habersetzer, M. Doffo el, P. Leyssen, J. Neyts, M.B. Zeisel, T.F. Baumert
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Cross‐reactivity of IgE antibodies to allergens
Authors: R. C. Aalberse, J. Akkerdaas, R. Van Ree
Journal: Allergy (2001)

The cross‐reactivity of IgE antibodies is of interest for various reasons, three of which are discussed. Firstly, from the clinical view, it is important to know the patterns of cross‐reactivity, because they often (but not always) reflect the pattern of clinical sensitivities. We discuss the cross‐reactivities associated with sensitization to pollen and vegetable foods: PR‐10 (Bet v 1‐related), profilin, the cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinant (CCD), the recently described isoflavone reductase, and the (still elusive) mugwort allergen that is associated with celery anaphylaxis; cross‐reactivities between allergens from invertebrates, particularly tropomyosin, paramyosin, and glutathione S‐transferase (GST); and latex‐associated cross‐reactivities. Clustering cross‐reactive allergens may simplify diagnostic procedures and therapeutic regimens. Secondly, IgE cross‐reactivity is of interest for its immunologic basis, particularly in relation to the regulation of allergic sensitization: are IgE antibodies to allergens more often cross‐reactive than IgG antibodies to “normal” antigens? If so, why? For this discussion, it is relevant to compare not only the structural relation between the two allergens in question, but also the relatedness to the human equivalent (if any) and how the latter influences the immune repertoire. Thirdly, prediction of IgE cross‐reactivity is of interest in relation to allergic reactivity to novel foods. Cross‐reactivity is a property defined by individual antibodies to individual allergens. Quantitative information (including relative affinity) is required on cross‐reactivity in the allergic population and with specific allergens (rather than with whole extracts). Such information is still scarce, but with the increasing availability of purified (usually recombinant) allergens, such quantitative information will soon start to accumulate. It is expected that similarity in short stretches of the linear amino‐acid sequence is unlikely to result in relevant cross‐reactivity between two proteins unless there is similarity in the protein fold.
Cases Illustrative of Prognosis in Heart-Disease
Authors: W. H. Broadbent
Journal: BMJ (1867)

monia: Recovery from the Pneumonia.-J.P., a greengrocer, aged 34, had acute rheumatism fourteen years before.He had been ailing at various times since, and had tubercular deposit in the apex of the lung, He was seen, with Dr. Langmore, April 13th, i866, when he had been ill about a week.'After hard work, and exposure to cold and wet, he had had rigors, followed by cough, with expectoration of adhesive mucus, tinged with blood, and accompanied by dyspncea-an attack of pneumonia, in fact.When I saw him he was perspiring profusely, his manner was excited; his hand trembled; he had been delirious in the night, and still believed in the illusions of the delirium.Pulse I IO; respiration 40.There was dulness over a considerable extent of the lower lobe of the right lung, with fine crepitation and tubular breathing.The dulness not absolute, and the tubular breathing not well marked.There was also dulness over a small part of the base of the left lung, and fine crepitation was there audible.As to the heart, the impulse was forcible and exten- sive; most powerful about the fourth cartilage.The apex-beat was felt in the sixth space to the left of the nipple line.At the apex was heard a smooth systolic murmur (mitral).This was lost in passing towards the sternum, and succeeded by first a diastolic murmur, and then a sys- tolic aortic murmur; the diastolic murmur being loudest over the ven- tricle; the systolic quite at the base; no second sound was heard in the neck.The prognosis given was favourable as to the existing attack.First, on the ground that the condition of the valves was stationary, and that the enlargement of the heart, consecutive on this, though considerable, was not extreme, and hypertrophy predominated over dilatation.Again, the pneumonia was accounted for by an adequate external cause -fatigue and exposur-e; and was not a development of the consequences of the heart affection.The dyspncea was not greater than the extent of lung affected by pneumonia would explain, and there was no dropsy- strong reason for concluding that there was no great obstruction to the blood.The prognosis was verified by the recovery of the patient from the pneumonia, and his restoration to his previous state of health.CASE iv.-atral Vatvu/
Doctors warn of dangers of allowing media access to reports in family court cases
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Seventeen organisations that represent doctors, lawyers, social workers, and children have banded together to fight UK government plans to allow the media access to medical and welfare reports in family court cases.

The Interdisciplinary Alliance for Children says that the plans threaten doctor-patient confidentiality; may breach the United Nations convention on the rights of the child and the right to privacy in the European human rights convention; and threaten substantial further harm to children who are already at risk.

The government plans to unveil the changes in the Queen’s speech, which will announce forthcoming legislation, on 18 November. They are set …
Effect of estradiol and steroid analogues on the clearance of immunoglobulin G-coated erythrocytes.
Authors: D Friedman, F Netti, A D Schreiber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Although the disproportionate frequency of several immunologic disorders among women is well recognized, the effect of sex steroids on immunologic processes is unclear. We used an animal model, which has helped to elucidate the effect of corticosteroids in vivo, to quantitatively assess the effect of estradiol and steroid analogues on the immune clearance of IgG-coated erythrocytes. While corticosteroids impaired the clearance of IgG-coated erythrocytes, estradiol, in doses comparable to those achieved during pregnancy, significantly enhanced the clearance. Estradiol, however, did not enhance the splenic clearance of heat-altered erythrocytes. Splenic macrophages isolated from estradiol-treated animals expressed enhanced receptor affinity for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G [Fc(IgG)], an effect probably responsible for the enhanced in vivo clearance. No consistent effect of estradiol on the splenic macrophage C3 receptors was observed. The synthetic androgen danazol, the mineralocorticoid deoxycorticosterone, and the cortisol metabolite tetrahydrocortisone did not alter the clearance of IgG-coated cells after 7 d of therapy. The estrogen antagonist/agonist tamoxifen enhanced the clearance of IgG-coated cells, but to a lesser extent than estradiol. An effect of estrogens on macrophage Fc (IgG) receptor-mediated clearance may explain in part the variation in clinical expression of several autoimmune disorders during changes in hormonal state, such as pregnancy.
Angiotensin and thromboxane in the enhanced renal adrenergic nerve sensitivity of acute renal failure.
Authors: J B Robinette, J D Conger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

The roles of intrarenal angiotensin (A) and thromboxane (TX) in the vascular hypersensitivity to renal nerve stimulation (RNS) and paradoxical vasoconstriction to renal perfusion pressure (RPP) reduction in the autoregulatory range in 1 wk norepinephrine (NE)-induced acute renal failure (ARF) in rats were investigated. Renal blood flow (RBF) responses were determined before and during intrarenal infusion of an AII and TXA2 antagonist. Saralasin or SQ29548 alone partially corrected the slopes of RBF to RNS and RPP reduction in NE-ARF rats (P less than 0.02). Saralasin + SQ29548 normalized the RBF response to RNS. While combined saralasin + SQ29548 eliminated the vasoconstriction to RPP reduction, similar to the effect of renal denervation, appropriate vasodilatation was not restored. Renal vein norepinephrine efflux during RNS was disproportionately increased in NE-ARF (P less than 0.001) and was suppressed by saralasin + SQ29548 infusion (P less than 0.005). It is concluded that the enhanced sensitivity to RNS and paradoxical vasoconstriction to RPP reduction in 1 wk NE-ARF kidneys are the result of intrarenal TX and AII acceleration of neurotransmitter release to adrenergic nerve activity.
Endothelial Extracellular Matrix
Authors: George E. Davis, Donald R. Senger
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for all aspects of vascular biology. In concert with supporting cells, endothelial cells (ECs) assemble a laminin-rich basement membrane matrix that provides structural and organizational stability. During the onset of angiogenesis, this basement membrane matrix is degraded by proteinases, among which membrane-type matrix metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs) are particularly significant. As angiogenesis proceeds, ECM serves essential functions in supporting key signaling events involved in regulating EC migration, invasion, proliferation, and survival. Moreover, the provisional ECM serves as a pliable scaffold wherein mechanical guidance forces are established among distal ECs, thereby providing organizational cues in the absence of cell–cell contact. Finally, through specific integrin-dependent signal transduction pathways, ECM controls the EC cytoskeleton to orchestrate the complex process of vascular morphogenesis by which proliferating ECs organize into multicellular tubes with functional lumens. Thus, the composition of ECM and therefore the regulation of ECM degradation and remodeling serves pivotally in the control of lumen and tube formation and, finally, neovessel stability and maturation.
Whither<b>…</b>the future for contact dermatitis? A report from the 2007 International Review of Current Problems in Contact Dermatitis
Authors: A.B. Alexandroff, E. Burova
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

In our report we summarize presentations made at the International Review of Current Problems in Contact Dermatitis meeting which took place at the St John's Institute of Dermatology, London, on 1 June 2007, and which brought together over 100 dermatologists from the U.K., continental Europe and the U.S.A. During this small and informal meeting, the state-of-the art lectures on various aspects of contact dermatitis were followed by energetic discussions.
Upregulation of Basement Membrane–Degrading Metalloproteinase Secretion After Balloon Injury of Pig Carotid Arteries
Authors: Kay M. Southgate, Michael Fisher, Adrian P. Banning, Valerie J. Thurston, Andrew H. Baker, Rosalind P. Fabunmi, Peter H. Groves, Malcolm Davies, Andrew C. Newby
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

Basement membrane–degrading metalloproteinases (gelatinases) appear necessary for vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation in culture and for intimal migration of cells after balloon injury to the rat carotid artery. We investigated in the present study the secretion of gelatinases from pig carotid artery tissue after balloon injury. Segments of injured artery and segments proximal and distal to the area of injury were removed 3, 7, and 21 days after balloon dilatation. Medial explants from these segments were then cultured for 3 days, and the serum-free conditioned media were subjected to gelatin zymography. Production of 72- and 95-kD gelatinases was quantified by densitometry. Balloon-injured segments secreted significantly more 72- and 95-kD gelatinase than did paired distal segments at all time points. Release of both gelatinase activities was increased at 3 and 7 days relative to segments from uninjured arteries but declined again by 21 days after balloon injury. Similar results were found for gelatinase levels in extracts of arterial tissue. Consistent with the protein secretion data, in situ hybridization demonstrated that the mRNAs for both gelatinases were upregulated after balloon injury. Expression was prominent in medial smooth muscle cells, particularly around foci of necrosis, and in neointimal cells 3 and 7 days after balloon injury; 72-kD gelatinase mRNA persisted after 21 days and was prominent in regrown endothelial cells. The upregulation of gelatinase activity paralleled the time course of smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation in this model. We conclude that increased gelatinase production occurs in response to balloon injury and may play a role in permitting migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells.
Physiologic Approach to the Treatment of Angina Pectoris
Authors: Dean T. Mason, James F. Spann, Robert Zelis, Ezra A. Amsterdam
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

WHEN the pharmacologic basis of therapy in angina pectoris is under consideration, it has been traditional to focus attention principally on alterations of coronary blood flow.1 2 3 A more accurate view is that the pain of myocardial ischemia is related to an unfavorable relation between myocardial oxygen demands and the availability of oxygen to the heart.4 Thus, in the analysis of the therapeutic measures available for the relief of angina pectoris, it is important to take into account the possibility of their actions of diminishing myocardial oxygen consumption as well as of improving coronary blood flow. The three important hemodynamic variables . . .