tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relation of smoking and alcohol and coffee consumption to active Helicobacter pylori infection: cross sectional study
Authors: H. Brenner, D. Rothenbacher, G. Bode, G. Adler
Journal: BMJ (1997)

To assess the relation of smoking and alcohol and coffee consumption to active Helicobacter pylori infection.Cross sectional study of patients attending a general practitioner. Active H pylori infection was measured by the 15C-urea breath test and detailed quantitative information on smoking and on alcohol and coffee consumption was obtained by a standardised self administered questionnaire.One general practice in Germany.447 patients aged 15-79 who had not had peptic ulcer disease or treatment for H pylori infection.Prevalence of H pylori infection according to smoking and alcohol and coffee consumption.Overall prevalence of infection was 21% (94/447). There was no significant relation between smoking and active H pylori infection. Alcohol consumption showed a negative dose-response relation and coffee consumption a positive dose-response relation with active infection. After adjustment for potential confounders, the odds ratios for patients who drank < or = 75 g and > 75 g of ethanol a week compared with non-drinkers were 0.90 (95% confidence interval 0.55 to 1.59) and 0.33 (0.16 to 0.68), respectively (P value for trend 0.005, assuming that 1 litre of beer and 0.51 of wine contain on average 50 g of ethanol in south Germany). Adjusted odds ratios for patients who drank < 3 cups and > or = 3 cups of coffee per day compared with those who did not drink coffee were 1.49 (0.71 to 3.12) and 2.49 (1.23 to 5.03), respectively (P value for trend 0.007).These results suggest a protective effect of alcohol consumption against active infection with H pylori and an opposite effect of coffee consumption.
Activation of the cardiac renin-angiotensin system and increased myocardial collagen expression in human aortic valve disease
Authors: Jens Fielitz, Stefan Hein, Veselin Mitrovic, Rainer Pregla, Heinz R Zurbrügg, Christina Warnecke, Jutta Schaper, Eckart Fleck, Vera Regitz-Zagrosek
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Radiation injury and effects of early fallout.
Authors: J Smith, T Smith
Journal: BMJ (1981)

This is the second of four articles on the medical aspects of nuclear explosions.Last week described the blast and heat effects and explained that with modern large bombs significant whooping-cough-like illness may also be due to B parapertussis or B bronichiseptica, or to a wide variety of other organisms (mentioned in a series of Communicable Disease Reports); they include Mycoplasma pneumoniae, coxsackie virus, echovirus, cytomegalovirus, influenza B virus rhinovirus, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, and the adenovirus; the list is ever growing.Possibly therefore a child may get a whooping-cough-like illness twice.The difficulty is that in nearly all cases of clinical whooping cough the organism is not isolated but probably most are due to the B pertussis organism.
IκBNS Protein Mediates Regulatory T Cell Development via Induction of the Foxp3 Transcription Factor
Authors: Marc Schuster, Rainer Glauben, Carlos Plaza-Sirvent, Lisa Schreiber, Michaela Annemann, Stefan Floess, Anja A. Kühl, Linda K. Clayton, Tim Sparwasser, Klaus Schulze-Osthoff, Klaus Pfeffer, Jochen Huehn, Britta Siegmund, Ingo Schmitz
Journal: Immunity (2012)
Expression of cellular fibronectin mRNA in adult periodontitis and peri-implantitis: a real-time polymerase chain reaction study
Authors: Yan-Yun Wu, Huan-Huan Cao, Ning Kang, Ping Gong, Guo-Min Ou
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2013)

Cellular fibronectin (cFn) is a type of bioactive non-collagen glycoprotein regarded as the main substance used to maintain periodontal attachment. The content of cFn in some specific sites can reflect the progress of periodontitis or peri-implantitis. This study aims to evaluate the expression of cFn messenger RNA (mRNA) in tissues of adult periodontitis and peri-implantitis by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and to determine its clinical significance. A total of 30 patients were divided into three groups of 10: healthy, adult periodontitis and peri-implantitis. Periodontal tissue biopsies (1 mm×1 mm×1 mm) from each patient were frozen in liquid nitrogen. Total RNA was extracted from these tissues, and the content, purity and integrity were detected. Specific primers were designed according to the sequence, and the mRNA expression levels of cellular fibronectin were detected by real-time PCR. The purity and integrity of the extracted total RNA were both high, and the specificity of amplified genes was very high with no other pollution. The mRNA expression of cFn in the adult periodontitis group (1.526±0.441) was lower than that in the healthy group (3.253±0.736). However, the mRNA expression of cFn in the peri-implantitis group (3.965±0.537) was significantly higher than that in the healthy group. The difference revealed that although both processes were destructive inflammatory reactions in the periodontium, the pathomechanisms were different and the variation started from the transcription level of the cFn gene. Different diseases of the specialized tissues that surround and support teeth, the periodontium, result in different expression levels of the gene that encodes a key structural component, the glycoprotein cellular fibronectin (cFn). Guo-Min Ou and colleagues at Sichuan University in Chengdu, China, measured expression levels of cFn RNA in 30 people: 10 with periodontitis, inflammation around the teeth; 10 with peri-implantitis, inflammation around dental implants; and 10 with no periodontal problems. The researchers found that transcription of cFn in the periodontitis group was significantly lower than that in the healthy group. In contrast, the mRNA expression of cFn in the peri-implantitis cohort was higher than that in the healthy individuals. Although both inflammatory diseases of the periodontium share many features, the findings indicate that the underlying pathology is driven, at least partially, by unique molecular mechanisms.
Topographical control of human macrophages by a regularly microstructured polyvinylidene fluoride surface
Authors: Nora E. Paul, Claudia Skazik, Marc Harwardt, Matthias Bartneck, Bernd Denecke, Doris Klee, Jochen Salber, Gabriele Zwadlo-Klarwasser
Journal: Biomaterials (2008)
Impact of a Single Intravenous Administration of Nicorandil Before Reperfusion in Patients With ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Hideki Ishii, Satoshi Ichimiya, Masaaki Kanashiro, Tetsuya Amano, Kenji Imai, Toyoaki Murohara, Tatsuaki Matsubara
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Intravenous nicorandil, a hybrid compound of ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener and nitric oxide donor, has been reported to ameliorate early functional and clinical problems in patients with acute myocardial infarction. However, its effects on the late phase remain unclear. Methods and Results— This follow-up study to 5 years of a randomized, double-blinded trial was conducted among 368 patients with first ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). They were randomly assigned to receive 12 mg of nicorandil or a placebo intravenously just before reperfusion. We analyzed incidence of cardiovascular death or rehospitalization for congestive heart failure after PCI as well as various aspects of epicardial flow and microvascular function. Mean follow-up was 2.4 years (SD, 1.4). A total of 12 (6.5%) patients receiving nicorandil and 30 (16.4%) receiving placebo had cardiovascular death or hospital admission for congestive heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.76; P =0.0058). Postprocedural TIMI 3 flow was obtained in 89.7% of the nicorandil group and in 81.4% of the placebo (hazard ratio, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.09 to 3.65; P =0.025). Corrected TIMI frame count was furthermore lower in the nicorandil group (21.0±9.1 versus 25.1±14.1; P =0.0009). ST-segment resolution &gt;50% was observed in 79.5% and 61.2% of the nicorandil and placebo groups, respectively (hazard ratio, 2.45; 95% CI, 1.54 to 3.90; P =0.0002). Conclusions— The addition of intravenous nicorandil to PCI leads to beneficial clinical outcomes and prevents cardiovascular events of long duration and death in patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction.
Program Offers Disadvantaged Teens a Gateway to Health and Science Careers
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2009)

AT A TIME WHEN EMPLOYMENT IS hard to find even for adult fulltime workers, many high school students would consider themselves fortunate to secure a minimum-wage job for the summer. Only those with luck or connections might be able to obtain a position that helps them build experience toward a future career. But thanks to an innovative program that focuses specifically on those least likely to find such opportunities, a group of New York City teenagers spent the summer as research interns in some of the most prestigious laboratories and hospitals in the Northeast. And that’s just one facet of a 4-year high-school program designed to prepare students for highly skilled careers in health and science. These students are enrolled in the Gateway Institute for Pre-College Education (http://www.gateway.cuny.edu /Gateway_Site/home.html), which has helped prepare low-income and minority high school students for careers in medicine, science, and technology since 1986. According to a recent survey of the 85% of Gateway graduates who have been tracked, about 80% of them have graduated from 4-year colleges and 10% have gone on to medical school—30 times the national rate for a ninthgrade cohort, said Gateway director Morton Slater, PhD, who has been with the program since its inception. Inspired by this success, Gateway has launched a similar program in Boston, which has just recruited its third group of students. In the coming years, physicians and educators committed to the program hope to replicate the Gateway approach around the country. “This program is urgently needed in more areas,” said Howard Hiatt, MD, a member of the Gateway Advisory Board who is former dean of the Harvard School of Public Health, professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, and senior physician at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston.
REGULATION OF ANTIBODY FORMATION BY SERUM ANTIBODY
Authors: Jean-Claude Bystryn, Martin W. Graf, Jonathan W. Uhr
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

Rabbits were immunized to two antigens and 18-55 days later exchange transfusion was performed using blood of rabbits immunized to one antigen only. By this means, serum antibody levels to one antigen were reduced 50-84% while maintaining serum antibody levels to the second antigen. After exchange, serum antibody levels of the removed antibody rose rapidly for 24-48 hr and then more slowly, reaching peak titers an average of 8 days later. The peak titer was 48-222% higher than the preexchange titer. The specificity of this rebound excluded as a cause nonspecific changes in Ig levels. Passive administration of antibody to a third antigen 4-7 days before the exchange indicated that re-equilibration of preformed antibody was not a major factor in the rebound. A change in the ratio of IgM to IgG antibodies as a cause of an increased neutralization titer in the postexchange sera was also excluded. It was therefore suggested that a change in the rate of antibody formation had occurred, although other changes in the quality of serum antibody were not excluded.
Organ and Bone Marrow Transplants.
Authors: J. W. Ferrebee
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1961)

s1 May 1961Organ and Bone Marrow Transplants.J. W. Ferrebee, M.D.J. W. Ferrebee, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-54-5-1051_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTransplants of bone marrow have been found to restore hematopoiesis in animals rendered aplastic by lethal exposure to radiation. Animals so restored have been found to accept transplants of other tissue from their marrow donors. Efforts to expand this information to the point of clinical usefulness in either the treatment of radiation casualty or the transplantation of whole organs have revealed certain problems. Clearly immunologic tolerance can be acquired. The difficulty has been to make the methods of its acquisition clinically acceptable. Investigation has revealed several methods of promise: the use of fetal rather than adult hematopoietic tissue to restore... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cooperstown, N. Y. (ML) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1961Volume 54, Issue 5Page: 1051-1052KeywordsBone marrowHematopoiesisTransplantation Issue Published: 1 May 1961 PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 935: Lapatinib and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors greatly potentiate doxorubicin-induced damage to cardiac myocytes
Authors: Brian B. Hasinoff, Daywin Patel, Xing Wu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Lapatinib (Tykerb) is dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting the HER2 (ERBB2) and EGFR (ERBB1, HER1) pathways. Lapatinib has been shown in a clinical trial to produce low levels of cardiotoxicity that is reversible. Using a neonatal rat cardiac myocyte model we have investigated the ability of lapatinib alone, and in combination with doxorubicin, to damage myocytes. Lapatinib alone at pharmacological concentrations only slightly induced myocyte damage. However, doxorubicin-induced myocyte damage was greatly potentiated by the addition of low nanomolar lapatinib concentrations. Because trastuzumab also targets ERBB2 receptors, the lapatinib/doxorubicin combination also provides a good model to probe the mechanism of the increased cardiotoxicity caused by the concurrent use of trastuzumab and doxorubicin. Lapatinib treatment alone had little or no effect on myocyte mitochondrial membrane potential, on oxidation of intracellular DCF (dichlorofluorescein), on intracellular ATP levels, or on caspase 3/7 induction. While the doxorubicin cardioprotective agent dexrazoxane was able to greatly reduce doxorubicin-induced myocyte damage, it could only partially reduce the increase in myocyte damage produced by the lapatinib/doxorubicin treatment. Lapatinib alone had little effect on the phosphorylation status of ACC (acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase) and AKT. Lapatinib alone decreased phosphorylated ERK (MAPK), which may have, in part, contributed to the increased doxorubicin-mediated myocyte damage. As measured by flow cytometry lapatinib-treated myocytes demonstrated an increased accumulation of doxorubicin. As lapatinib is a strong inhibitor of several ATP-dependent ABC-type efflux transporters, this likely occurred because lapatinib blocked doxorubicin efflux, thereby increasing intracellular doxorubicin concentrations. These results suggest that the clinical use of concurrent doxorubicin and lapatinib should be approached with care due to the possibility of lapatinib increasing doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Several other kinase inhibitors (imatinib, dasatinib, sorafenib, sunitinib, gefitinib, pazopanib, nilotinib, erlotinib, vandetanib and canertinib) were also examined for their ability to potentiate doxorubicin-induced myocyte damage and induce an increase in intracellular doxorubicin levels. Support: CIHR and a Canada Research Chair in Drug Development to BBH. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 935. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-935
A PROGRAM FOR IMMUNIZATION
Authors: G. Ramon
Journal: JAMA (1928)

To the Editor:  —I have read inThe Journal(January 7, p. 51, and January 28, p. 311) the questions and the answers concerning a program for immunization. This program, especially as it concerns the immunization of nurses and children, has been simplified during these last years in France by the use of the method of associated vaccinations. This method consists of the injection of mixtures of two anatoxins (against diphtheria or tetanus, or streptoscarlet fever) or else mixtures of typhoid vaccine T A B and anatoxin (especially against diphtheria or tetanus).  A very interesting and surely established fact is that by means of the association in a mixture of typhoid vaccine and anatoxin, against diphtheria, for example, the antitoxic immunity produced by the anatoxin is strongly increased.  Many physicians who have already used this method (Dr. Loiseau, Dr. Lafaille and others) obtain 100 per cent of negative Schick reactions
Changes in Aerobic Capacity and Visceral Fat but not Myocyte Lipid Levels Predict Increased Insulin Action After Exercise in Overweight and Obese Men
Authors: Seng Khee Gan, Adamandia D. Kriketos, Bronwyn A. Ellis, Campbell H. Thompson, Edward W. Kraegen, Donald J. Chisholm
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—To examine the effect of moderate intensity physical activity on the interactions between central abdominal adiposity, myocyte lipid content, and insulin action in overweight and obese, sedentary men. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Myocyte lipid (biochemical triglyceride and long-chain acyl CoA [LCAC] from vastus lateralis biopsy and soleus and tibialis anterior intramyocellular lipid by 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy), regional body and abdominal fat (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging), serum lipids, insulin action (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp), and substrate oxidation were measured in 18 nondiabetic, sedentary, and overweight to obese men (aged 37.4 ± 1.3 years and BMI 30.9 ± 0.7 kg/m2, range 26.4–37.6) at baseline, after the first two to four bouts of aerobic exercise (55–70% of Vo2max for 40 min/session), and at completion of 4.1 ± 0.2 exercise sessions/week for 9.7 ± 0.5 weeks (postexercise measurements performed 24–36 h after the last exercise bout). RESULTS—Mean whole body insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and basal fat oxidation rate increased 16 and 41%, respectively, after two to four bouts of exercise, without further increase at program end. Mean aerobic capacity increased 11%, and central abdominal fat decreased 5% at program end, but myocyte lipid levels were not significantly changed. Posttraining increases in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake were predicted by increase in aerobic capacity (r = 0.726, P = 0.001) and magnitude of reduction in visceral fat (r = −0.544, P = 0.02) and not by changes in myocyte lipid or LCAC levels. CONCLUSIONS—These results suggest that in overweight and obese sedentary men, increase in insulin sensitivity with moderate intensity exercise is predicted by improvement in aerobic capacity and reduction in visceral fat but is independent of myocyte triglyceride or LCAC levels.
Retrospective comparison of qualitative and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in diagnosing and monitoring the ALL1-AF4 fusion transcript in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: L Elia, E Gottardi, G Floriddia, R Grillo, F Ciambelli, M Luciani, P Chiusolo, R Invernizzi, G Meloni, R Foà, G Saglio, G Cimino
Journal: Leukemia (2004)
Ian Charles Woolrych English
Authors: S. Slater
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Ian Charles Woolrych English was born in Chigwell, Essex, the son of an undertaker. He was educated at Bancroft’s School, where he was miserable, and finally left to finish his school education with a tutor at home. Gifted academically, he easily gained a place at King’s College London, to study medicine and then moved to Westminster Hospital. He joined the Royal Navy during the war and served as a doctor on a tank landing ship during the Normandy landings, where he brought causalities home. Lord Lovatt was one of his patients, leaving his piper marching down the beach. Later, on the hospital ship Amarapoora, he collected prisoners of war from Changi jail, unexpectedly discovering his cousin among the men. On arriving home from his wartime service in 1946, he met his then …
Anti-Love Biotechnology: Was It Not Better to Have Loved and Lost Than Never to Have Loved at All?
Authors: Mirko D. Garasic
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2013)

In their article, Brian Earp, Olga Wudarczyk, Anders Sandberg, and Julian Savulescu (2013) provide a challenging argument on the prioritization of reason over emotions: If current biotechnology gav...
The effect of ambient carbon monoxide on low birth weight among children born in southern California between 1989 and 1993.
Authors: B Ritz, F Yu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

We evaluated the effect of carbon monoxide (CO) exposures during the last trimester of pregnancy on the frequency of low birth weight among neonates born 1989-1993 to women living in the Los Angeles, California, area. Using birth certificate data for that period, we assembled a retrospective cohort of infants whose mothers resided within 2 miles of 1 of 18 CO monitoring stations. Based on the gestational age and birth date of each child, we estimated last-trimester exposure by averaging the corresponding 3 months of daily CO concentrations registered at the monitoring station closest to the mother's residence (determined from the birth certificate). Where data were available (at 6 stations), we also averaged measurements taken daily for nitrogen dioxide and ozone and those taken at 6-day intervals for particulate matter [less than/equal to]10 microm (PM10) to approximate last-trimester exposures to other pollutants. Overall, the study cohort consisted of 125,573 singleton children, excluding infants born before 37 or after 44 weeks of gestation, those weighing below 1,000 or above 5,500 g at birth, those for whom fewer than 10 days of CO measurements were available during the last trimester, and those whose mothers suffered from hypertension, diabetes, or uterine bleeding during pregnancy. Within the cohort, 2,813 (2.2%) were low in birth weight (between 1,000 and 2,499 g). Exposure to higher levels of ambient CO (>5.5 ppm 3-month average) during the last trimester was associated with a significantly increased risk for low birth weight [odds ratio (OR) = 1.22; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-1.44] after adjustment for potential confounders, including commuting habits in the monitoring area, sex of the child, level of prenatal care, and age, ethnicity, and education of the mother.