tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1500: A novel nutrient mixture exhibits antitumor activity in human fibrosarcoma cell line HT-1080
Authors: M. Waheed Roomi, Neil Jariwalla, Nusrath Roomi, Matthias Rath, Aleksandra Niedzwiecki
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Fibrosarcoma, an aggressive and highly metastatic cancer of connective tissue, is generally associated with poor prognosis. Cancer mortality usually results from tumor invasion of local tissue and metastasis to vital organs. We investigated the effect of a specific nutrient mixture (PB) of quercetin, cruciferex, curcumin, green tea extract and resveratrol on human fibrosarcoma cell line HT-1080 for viability, MMP expression, invasion, apoptosis and morphology. Material and Methods: Human fibrosarcoma cell line HT-1080 (ATCC) was cultured in DEM media, supplemented with 10% FBS and antibiotics in 24-well tissue plates. At near confluence, cells were treated with PB at 0, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mcg/mL, in triplicate at each dose. Cells were also treated with PMA (100 ng/mL) for MMP-9 induction. Cell proliferation was assayed by MTT assay, MMP by zymography, invasion through Matrigel, apoptosis using green caspase detection, and morphology by H&amp;E staining. Results: PB inhibited proliferation of human fibrosarcoma cells HT-1080 by 50% at 10 mcg/mL, 60% at 25 mcg/mL and 80% at 50-100 mcg/mL, and inhibited the secretion of both MMP-2 and MMP-9 in a dose-dependent manner, with total inhibition at 50 mcg/mL concentration. Invasion through Matrigel was inhibited 100% at 25 mcg/mL PB. PB also induced apoptosis in a dose- dependent fashion. H&amp;E staining showed slight morphological changes at higher concentrations. Conclusion: These results suggest that PB is a potential therapeutic agent for fibrosarcoma, with potent anti-metastatic activity, because it inhibited fibrosarcoma cell proliferation, MMP-2 and -9 expression, invasion through Matrigel and apoptosis, important parameters for cancer prevention. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1500. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1500
A Videotape Intervention to Enhance the Informed Consent Process for Medical and Psychiatric Treatment Research
Authors: Donna A. Wirshing, Mark J. Sergi, Jim Mintz
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2004)

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated a brief educational video designed to enhance the informed consent process for people with serious mental and medical illnesses who are considering participating in treatment research. METHOD: Individuals with schizophrenia who were being recruited for ongoing clinical trials, medical patients without self-reported psychiatric comorbidity, and university undergraduates were randomly assigned to view either a highly structured instructional videotape about the consent process in treatment research or a control videotape that presented only general information about bioethical issues in human research. Knowledge about informed consent was measured before and after viewing. RESULTS: Viewing the experimental videotape resulted in larger gains in knowledge about informed consent. Standardized effect sizes were large in all groups. CONCLUSIONS: The videotape was thus an effective teaching tool across diverse populations, ranging from individuals with severe chronic mental illness to university undergraduates.
Audit of nurse‐led‐training for epipen in a District General Hospital
Authors: D. Ratnaweera, J. Von Trilsbach, J. Rangasami, D. A. Green, J. M. Puliyel
Journal: Allergy (2006)

A community-based study in the London Borough of Hounslow, which included patients in our District General Hospital (DGH) Paediatric Department, found that most families who had been prescribed adrenaline auto-injectors could not use them properly. This prompted the establishment of a new protocol for doctors and an Allergy Clinic where one nurse was responsible for training all patients.This audit was done to reassess this service 3 years after the changes were made.68 of the 81 (83%) patients followed up in our District General Hospital Nurse led Allergy Clinic agreed to participate. They were compared with the District General Hospital sub-group of the previous study.We found that most patients now reported they were trained to use the devise, had written instructions, were able to demonstrate competence on a dummy and would appropriately call an ambulance. This was significantly better than the previous situation.The study shows that training can be improved in a DGH setting with the strategy of protocolised prescribing and a Nurse led Allergy Clinic.
Impaired Angiogenesis in Glutathione Peroxidase-1–Deficient Mice Is Associated With Endothelial Progenitor Cell Dysfunction
Authors: Gennaro Galasso, Stephan Schiekofer, Kaori Sato, Rei Shibata, Diane E. Handy, Noriyuki Ouchi, Jane A. Leopold, Joseph Loscalzo, Kenneth Walsh
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

Several vascular disease are characterized by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Vascular endothelium is protected from oxidant stress by expressing enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase type 1 (GPx-1). In this study, we investigated the effect of vascular oxidant stress on ischemia-induced neovascularization in a murine model of homozygous deficiency of GPx-1. GPx-1-deficient mice showed impaired revascularization following hindlimb ischemic surgery based on laser Doppler measurements of blood flow and capillary density in adductor muscle. GPx-1-deficient mice also showed an impaired ability to increase endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) levels in response to ischemic injury or subcutaneous administration of vascular endothelial growth factor protein. EPCs isolated from GPx-1-deficient mice showed a reduced ability to neutralize oxidative stress in vitro, which was associated with impaired migration toward vascular endothelial growth factor and increased sensitivity to ROS-induced apoptosis. EPCs isolated from GPx-1-deficient mice were impaired in their ability to promote angiogenesis in wild-type mice, whereas wild-type EPCs were effective in stimulating angiogenesis in GPx-1-deficient mice. These data suggest that EPC dysfunction is a mechanism by which elevated levels of ROS can contribute to vascular disease.
502 POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS IN BILE OF PATIENTS WITH BILIARY TRACT CANCER
Authors: A. Adenugba, S.A. Khan, S.D. Taylor-Robinson, I.J. Cox, M.B. Toledano, A.V. Thillainayagam, D.S. Bansi, R.W. Gibson, H.C. Thomas, A.J. Beck
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Percutaneous Adrenal Venography
Authors: Nicolis Gl, Mitty Ha, Modlinger Rs, Gabrilove Jl
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Percutaneous adrenal venography was used in the evaluation of 50 patients with suspected adrenocortical disorders. Used in conjunction with the assay for aldosterone in adrenal venous blood, this technique led to considerable improvement in the management of patients with primary aldosteronism. Adrenal venography was also useful for the study of selected patients with Cushing's syndrome and with pure virilization. Although there was evidence that rupture of the adrenal veins had occurred in six of the patients studied early in the series, this was not accompanied by significant morbidity.
780. Inhibition of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Gene Expression and Replication by 27mer Dicer Substrate siRNAs
Authors: Anthony J. Fischer, Christine L. Wohlford-Lenane, Scott D. Rose, Steven M. Varga, Mark A. Behlke, Paul B. McCray
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a leading cause of infant hospitalization worldwide. There is currently no vaccine for RSV, and treatment of acute infections is limited to supportive measures. Recent reports also implicate RSV as an important pathogen in elderly and immunocompromised populations. Because of the need for improved treatments for RSV, we are evaluating siRNA-based approaches to inhibit viral replication in vitro and in vivo. We evaluated a series of 27mer dicer substrate small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that target the RSV A2 strain nucleocapsid, phosphoprotein, and large polymerase. The nucleocapsid and large polymerase represent novel siRNA antiviral targets. These 27mer siRNAs are asymmetrically designed to preferentially target viral messenger RNAs rather than the viral genome. Following incubation with recombinant Dicer, they are predictably cleaved to 21mer or 22mer siRNAs. We have observed a dose-dependent reduction in viral gene expression following administration of siRNAs in cell culture, including decreased viral mRNAs, viral protein, and an approximately 40-fold reduction in viral titer. These siRNAs are active over a wide dose range in cell culture, with greatest efficacy observed between 10 and 100 nM. Since siRNAs against RNA viruses could theoretically target either the positive or negative sense strand of the virus, we screened for activity against portions of the viral genome cloned non-directionally into a psiCheck2 dual luciferase vector. We observed preferential targeting of the positive sense (mRNA) of the virus by our lead siRNAs. We are also evaluating siRNAs with the opposite polarity to determine the optimal targeting method for antiviral activity. We delivered fluorescently labeled oligos to evaluate in vitro and in vivo delivery. Unformulated oligos applied to the apical surface of well-differentiated primary cultures of human airway epithelia were visualized in the cytoplasm. Similarly labeled oligos delivered intratracheally to mice were visualized in respiratory epithelia in a dose-dependent pattern. Alveolar macrophages recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage contained a significant fluorescent signal. We are applying these techniques for in vivo delivery of siRNAs targeting RSV in a mouse model of infection. Scott D. Rose and Mark A. Behlke are employed by Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc. (IDT), which has filed at least one patent application on the inventions described in this abstract, and which offers oligonucleotides for sale similar to the oligonucleotides described in this abstract. IDT is, however, not a publicly traded company, and Scott D. Rose and Mark A. Behlke personally do not own any shares or equity in IDT.
Training the Next Generation of Biomedical Researchers
Authors: Claude Lenfant
Journal: Circulation (2000)

e have entered an era of great excitement and challenge in the life sciences, in which scientific knowledge is changing and accruing rapidly.Many new areas of study, including functional genomics, tissue engineering, and bioinformatics, are being pursued with increasingly powerful techniques, and they present extraordinary opportunities for improving our understanding of health and disease.Safe and effective approaches for translating these multidisciplinary efforts into clinically relevant advances will require careful evaluation by highly trained clinical investigators.To make the most of these opportunities, new approaches and competencies will be required of the next generation of researchers who, more than ever before, will need to be familiar with diverse scientific disciplines and be able to collaborate with scientists skilled in those disciplines.Yet, we currently face major challenges in attracting the best minds to academic biomedical research and in retaining them.This is due, in part, to the wealth of opportunities available in other pursuits and, in part, to the expansion of knowledge and capabilities required of today's investigators.The latter has led to an ever-increasing duration of training, which can exceed the patience and resources of multi-year trainees who already carry substantial burdens of debt.The next generation of independent, creative investigators (and the scientific mentors they will eventually become) is thus at significant risk; shortages in fields such as biostatistics, computational biology, and clinical research are already becoming acute.Major innovations may now be needed in our approaches to recruiting, educating, training, retraining, and retaining the future research work force.Changes in the nature, as well as the content, of training will likely be called for to encompass broader disciplines and to foster appreciation for multidisciplinary collaborative research and facility in conducting it.With these imperatives in mind, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) recently undertook a review of the scientific content of its training and career development
Prosecution of Injured Drunk Drivers
Authors: Allan Brandt
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Maull et al<sup>1</sup>recently focused on the culprit of preventable carnage on our highways, the drunken injured driver, and the surprising and deplorable lack of citation and conviction for driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI). Our findings (A.B., J.W., unpublished data, December 1983 to February 1984)<sup>2</sup>confirm theirs. There is a powerful array of forces, legal and personal, that interdicts the implementation of strong laws against DUI. Those forces, bizarrely, act to protect the intoxicated driver instead of society. In our study, 25 consecutive injured drivers, brought to the hospital by ambulance and suspected of intoxication by breath alcohol odor, had blood alcohol levels drawn whether or not they were admitted. Twenty-four (97%) of the 25 patients had blood alcohol levels of more than 100 mg/dL, the legal level of intoxication. Two thirds of the drivers had more than double that level.
A comparative analysis of the attitudes of doctors and patients towards adherence behaviour and information provision.
Authors: J Gavin, O Ung, P Neck, S Everingham
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #6150 Background: Research into adherence to breast cancer therapies has primarily focused upon quantifying adherence rates of patients with an absence of research into the factors affecting adherence behaviour, however, the practitioner-patient relationship is the medium within which the importance of adherence may be discussed and extra support provided. This study is the first to directly compare the attitudes of clinicians and patients towards adherence and information provision using Fishbein's validated model of attitude measurement. Methods: Separate studies completed in 2008 measured attitudes towards adherence and patient information for Australian breast cancer specialists (n=41) and breast cancer patients enrolled in Verve, the Arimidex patient support programme (n=125). These studies were approved by the Southern Cross University Human Research Ethics Committee and survey response rates of 58% for patients and 68% for specialists were achieved. Independent sample t-tests were used to measure differences between clinicians and patients importance and belief strength ratings on the composite variables of disease, product information, lifestyle information, support materials and adherence behaviour. Differences between low and high-risk patient groups were a particular focus of data analysis. Results: Specialists significantly underestimated the importance low and high-risk patients place on many aspects of adherence and patient information. Specialists believe low-risk patients are less likely than high-risk patients to adhere to treatment and understand their condition, product information or lifestyle factors. This view is not supported by the patient data which showed there was no significant difference between patient risk categories in terms of the importance patients placed upon adherence behaviour and the provision of information. Conclusions: There are significant discrepancies between the importance Australian breast cancer specialists and breast cancer patients place on some aspects of their disease management. SpecialistsÂ attitudes towards high-risk patients are more aligned than they are for low-risk patients. Conversely, these data show that a patientÂs breast cancer risk category does not correlate with the importance that patients place upon adherence behaviour and the provision of information. These data suggest that the provision of information should be extended equally to all early breast cancer patients regardless of their risk of recurrence. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 6150.
Abstract IA15: Targeting acquired platinum resistance in ovarian cancer
Authors: Hani Gabra
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Platinum is an important cornerstone of chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. Platinum resistance is a multifactorial process, and may be intrinsic to the presenting tumor (refractory disease) or more commonly acquired after initial platinum sensitivity (acquired resistant disease). Although induction of acquired platinum resistance through adaptation of the primary tumor is thought to be one expression of these multifactorial mechanisms, there is evidence that selection of pre-existing resistance generated through clonal heterogeneity prior to clinical presentation may be a significant process that results in selection of acquired platinum resistant clinical relapse. This hypothesis has led to the identification by expression microarray difference analysis of upregulated targets which through targeting may reverse acquired platinum resistance. These targets include HDAC4, STAT1, FOLR2, and PI3K components, particularly AKT. In acquired platinum resistance, but not platinum sensitive ovarian cancer, there is nuclear relocalization of AKT with DNA damage mediated nuclear phosphorylation-activation of AKT resulting in survival signaling. Functional validation of these targets in-vitro and preclinically in-vivo has led to development of a translational proof of concept platform in the clinic with sequential biopsy within trials to test the hypothesis of targeting acquired resistance derived through clonal diversity at the outset of disease. Through this science, subsequent clinical trials of AKT inhibitors in platinum resistant ovarian cancer have demonstrated activity, underscoring the validity of this approach. The clinical development of such targeting of acquired resistance through international consortia within the EUTROC group will be discussed. It is hoped that this approach will improve the prognosis of ovarian cancer by early intervention to delete resistant disease before it becomes a clinical problem. Citation Format: Hani Gabra. Targeting acquired platinum resistance in ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr IA15.
Epidemiology of Tuberculosis
Authors: William W. Stead
Journal: JAMA (1968)

To the Editor:—  I enjoyed the article by Hardy and Schmidek, Epidemiology of Tuberculosis Abroad a Ship, in the Jan 15 issue ( 203 :175, 1968). This study clearly illustrates the danger to tuberculin-negative persons when a sporadic case of active tuberculosis develops among them. There were 209 persons infected (conversion of tuberculin from negative to positive) and clinically detectable tuberculosis developed in 25 of them (albeit largely without symptoms). This clearly illustrates that primary tuberculosis is not without danger when it occurs in young adults.  I wonder if the authors have information on the fate of those personnel (14.3% of the 532 men) who were already sensitive to tuberculin (harboring dormant infection) when the new exposure took place. From data presented by the undersigned in the May issue of the American Review of Respiratory Disease , one would guess that they were not endangered by the development of an active case
SHOCK; ITS NATURE, CAUSE AND TREATMENT.
Authors: DANIEL T. NELSON
Journal: JAMA (1899)

All living tissues, both vegetable and animal, are sensitive to stimuli whether normal or abnormal. In the animal kingdom, especially in the higher animals, certain cells and tissues are specially adapted to receive and convey impressions or stimuli to other tissues and organs. We call these cells and tissues the nervous system and subdivide for convenience into the cerebrospinal system—the brain and spinal cord—and the sympathetic, or ganglionic system. Both are alike in that they connect every cell of the twenty-six and one-half billion cells, which some one has computed there are in the human body—of which three thousand million are nerve cells—with every other cell, and so every tissue with every other tissue and each organ with every other, and thus all into one harmonious whole, when in health. And in disease or disaster this same wonderful mechanism communicates, like our telegraph and telephone systems, the joys or the
A Test of Neutrality and Constant Population Size Based on the Mismatch Distribution
Authors: S. Mousset
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2004)

Several factors including demographic changes, selection, and recombination are known to affect the distribution of the number of pairwise differences between DNA sequences. The effects of each of these forces have previously been used to estimate population parameter values using various assumptions about other factors. In this article, we use the predictions of the mismatch distribution under a standard neutral equilibrium model to design a coalescent simulation-based test and detect any deviation from this equilibrium. When reliable independent estimates are available for the intragenic recombination rate, this test can be used as a neutrality test or a population expansion test in actual studies, under reasonable assumptions.
STATISTICAL REPORT OF CASES OF HERNIA AND LITHOTOMY IN THE RADCLIFFE INFIRMARY, OXFORD
Authors: E. L. Hussey
Journal: BMJ (1855)

Tuz operations for stone have been noted in the Admission Books from 1816; from which time to 1838, when they are recorded in the Register of Operations, 61 operations were performed on in-patients-two of the patients being women..Of the 59 male patients 6 died.The only particulars I can lear of the cause of death in any case have been obtained through the help of Mr. Hagley, formerly house-surgeon and apothecary to the infirmary; the whole of the surgeons who were attached to the infir- mary during the period having died.CAsE i.A man, aged 30 years, gave this history of him- -self.For some difficulty in micturition, about three weeks before admission, he pushed a radish down the urethra, when part of it broke off, and got into the bladder.After a delay of twelve months, the operation was performed, and some portions of calculous matter deposited on a piece of radish were extracted; two days afterwards a second opera- tion was undertaken by another of the surgeons, the partner of the former operator, for the removal of what it was thought still remained behind.The man died not long after this second operation.CAsE ir.A man, aged 34 years, died of scarlet fever.The operation was performed soon after his admission: and it is thought he had been exposed to the contagion before he was admitted.CASE iii.A young man, aged 22 years, died gradually from exhaustion, after the removal of a large calculus from which he had suffered for many years.The other deaths were in patients of the ages of 17, 65, and 12 years.N9 Nov. 4 M. 21 6 months (n) Dec. 3.