tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Health of Resettled Iraqi Refugees—San Diego County, California, October 2007–September 2009
Authors: Michael H Lehmann
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Trends in Mortality From All Causes and Cardiovascular Disease Among Hypertensive and Nonhypertensive Adults in the United States
Authors: Earl S. Ford
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Little is known about trends in the mortality rate among people with hypertension in the United States. The objective of the present study was to examine the change in the all-cause mortality rate among people with and without hypertension in the United States and whether any such changes differed by sex or race.Data from 10 852 participants aged 25 to 74 years of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) I Epidemiological Follow-Up Study (1971 to 1975) and of 12 420 participants of the NHANES III Linked Mortality Study (1988 to 1994) were used. The mean follow-up times were 17.5 and 14.2 years, respectively. In each cohort, the mortality rate was higher among hypertensive adults than nonhypertensive adults, among hypertensive men than hypertensive women, and among hypertensive blacks than hypertensive whites. Among all hypertensive participants, the age-adjusted mortality rate was 18.8 per 1000 person-years for NHANES I and 14.3 for NHANES III (13.3 and 9.1 per 1000 person-years for nonhypertensive participants, respectively). The reduction among hypertensive men (7.7 per 1000 person-years; 95 confidence interval, 5.2 to 10.2) exceeded that among hypertensive women (1.9 per 1000 person-years; 95 confidence interval, [-0.4 to 4.2]) (P<0.001), and the reduction among hypertensive blacks (5.4 per 1000 person-years; 95 confidence interval, [0.6 to 10.1]) exceeded that among hypertensive whites (4.4 per 1000 person-years; 95 confidence interval, [2.2 to 6.5]) (P=0.707).The mortality rate decreased among hypertensive adults, but the mortality gap between adults with and without hypertension remained relatively constant. Efforts are needed to accelerate the decrease in the mortality rate among hypertensive adults.
A gene expression signature of emphysema-related lung destruction and its reversal by the tripeptide GHK
Authors: Joshua D Campbell, John E McDonough, Julie E Zeskind, Tillie L Hackett, Dmitri V Pechkovsky, Corry-Anke Brandsma, Masaru Suzuki, John V Gosselink, Gang Liu, Yuriy O Alekseyev, Ji Xiao, Xiaohui Zhang, Shizu Hayashi, Joel D Cooper, Wim Timens, Dirkje S Postma, Darryl A Knight, Lenburg E Marc, Hogg C James, Spira Avrum
Journal: Genome Medicine (2012)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease consisting of emphysema, small airway obstruction, and/or chronic bronchitis that results in significant loss of lung function over time. In order to gain insights into the molecular pathways underlying progression of emphysema and explore computational strategies for identifying COPD therapeutics, we profiled gene expression in lung tissue samples obtained from regions within the same lung with varying amounts of emphysematous destruction from smokers with COPD (8 regions × 8 lungs = 64 samples). Regional emphysema severity was quantified in each tissue sample using the mean linear intercept (Lm) between alveolar walls from micro-CT scans. We identified 127 genes whose expression levels were significantly associated with regional emphysema severity while controlling for gene expression differences between individuals. Genes increasing in expression with increasing emphysematous destruction included those involved in inflammation, such as the B-cell receptor signaling pathway, while genes decreasing in expression were enriched in tissue repair processes, including the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) pathway, actin organization, and integrin signaling. We found concordant differential expression of these emphysema severity-associated genes in four cross-sectional studies of COPD. Using the Connectivity Map, we identified GHK as a compound that can reverse the gene-expression signature associated with emphysematous destruction and induce expression patterns consistent with TGFβ pathway activation. Treatment of human fibroblasts with GHK recapitulated TGFβ-induced gene-expression patterns, led to the organization of the actin cytoskeleton, and elevated the expression of integrin β1. Furthermore, addition of GHK or TGFβ restored collagen I contraction and remodeling by fibroblasts derived from COPD lungs compared to fibroblasts from former smokers without COPD. These results demonstrate that gene-expression changes associated with regional emphysema severity within an individual's lung can provide insights into emphysema pathogenesis and identify novel therapeutic opportunities for this deadly disease. They also suggest the need for additional studies to examine the mechanisms by which TGFβ and GHK each reverse the gene-expression signature of emphysematous destruction and the effects of this reversal on disease progression.
Outcomes of Pregnancy after Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Kari Johansson, Sven Cnattingius, Ingmar Näslund, Nathalie Roos, Ylva Trolle Lagerros, Fredrik Granath, Olof Stephansson, Martin Neovius
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Maternal obesity is associated with increased risks of gestational diabetes, large-for-gestational-age infants, preterm birth, congenital malformations, and stillbirth. The risks of these outcomes among women who have undergone bariatric surgery are unclear.We identified 627,693 singleton pregnancies in the Swedish Medical Birth Register from 2006 through 2011, of which 670 occurred in women who had previously undergone bariatric surgery and for whom presurgery weight was documented. For each pregnancy after bariatric surgery, up to five control pregnancies were matched for the mother's presurgery body-mass index (BMI; we used early-pregnancy BMI in the controls), age, parity, smoking history, educational level, and delivery year. We assessed the risks of gestational diabetes, large-for-gestational-age and small-for-gestational-age infants, preterm birth, stillbirth, neonatal death, and major congenital malformations.Pregnancies after bariatric surgery, as compared with matched control pregnancies, were associated with lower risks of gestational diabetes (1.9% vs. 6.8%; odds ratio, 0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13 to 0.47; P<0.001) and large-for-gestational-age infants (8.6% vs. 22.4%; odds ratio, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.44; P<0.001). In contrast, they were associated with a higher risk of small-for-gestational-age infants (15.6% vs. 7.6%; odds ratio, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.64 to 2.95; P<0.001) and shorter gestation (273.0 vs. 277.5 days; mean difference -4.5 days; 95% CI, -2.9 to -6.0; P<0.001), although the risk of preterm birth was not significantly different (10.0% vs. 7.5%; odds ratio, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.78; P=0.15). The risk of stillbirth or neonatal death was 1.7% versus 0.7% (odds ratio, 2.39; 95% CI, 0.98 to 5.85; P=0.06). There was no significant between-group difference in the frequency of congenital malformations.Bariatric surgery was associated with reduced risks of gestational diabetes and excessive fetal growth, shorter gestation, an increased risk of small-for-gestational-age infants, and possibly increased mortality. (Funded by the Swedish Research Council and others.).
Increase in Serum Uric Acid Is Selectively Associated With Stroke in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Giuseppe Seghieri, Daniela Moruzzo, Stefano Fascetti, Clio Bambini, Roberto Anichini, Alessandra De Bellis, Lorenzo Alviggi, Flavia Franconi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

Hyperuricemia has previously been described as a strong predictor of well-defined cerebrovascular complications (stroke) in a Finnish cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes (1). To evaluate whether serum uric concentration would be selectively associated with presence of stroke as compared with transient ischemic attack (TIA) in a group of hospitalized diabetic patients, we studied 835 patients (220 affected with type 2 diabetes and 615 nondiabetic subjects), who were consecutively admitted to and subsequently discharged from our hospital for TIA ( n = 386) or stroke ( n = 449) during the period 1 January 1998 to 31 December 1999. Stroke was classified by means of computerized tomography as ischemic (thromboembolic) in 363 cases (81%) and hemorrhagic in …
Information for patients: What happens during cognitive behaviour therapy for bulimia
Authors: A. Tonks
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Cognitive behaviour therapy is a kind of psychotherapy. Sometimes it's just called therapy. During cognitive behaviour therapy you talk to a trained therapist about your problems. Most people with bulimia see a therapist regularly for about 20 weeks, but you can see a therapist for longer if you need to. Each meeting with the therapist usually lasts about an hour. Your therapist could be a psychologist, a psychiatrist, a psychiatric nurse, a psychotherapist, or even a family doctor.

Cognitive behaviour therapy for bulimia is often split into three phases.

### Phase one

You start by learning to reduce bingeing and dieting. This takes about seven to nine weeks. Usually, you …
Outcomes and prognostic factors of adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. An analysis on behalf of the Acute Leukemia Working Party of EBMT
Authors: A Spyridonidis, M Labopin, C Schmid, L Volin, I Yakoub-Agha, M Stadler, N Milpied, G Socie, P Browne, S Lenhoff, M A Sanz, M Aljurf, M Mohty, V Rocha
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase
Authors: David B. Okun, Kouichi R. Tanaka
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1978)

In summary, LAP is an intriguing enzyme and its control is related to pituitary-adrenal function. A review of the changes in LAP activity which occur in some physiological conditions and in disease states has been presented. The function of LAP, however, is unknown. Table I summarizes those conditions in which the LAP is consistently altered enough so to help in the diagnosis of the disorder. Of prime importance is the differentiation of CML from a leukemoid reaction or agnogenic myeloid metaplasia with a leukocytosis. However, in no instance is the LAP value alone diagnostic of any disease. It remains a laboratory test to be utilized in conjunction with all other available clinical data.
EFFECT OF SODIUM MONOFLUOROACETATE ON THE MULTIPLICATION OF INFLUENZA VIRUSES, MUMPS VIRUS, AND PNEUMONIA VIRUS OF MICE (PVM)
Authors: William J. Mogabgab, Frank L. Horsfall
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1952)

Sodium fluoroacetate, given after virus inoculation in doses of 3 to 4 mg. per kg. in mice or 2 mg. in chick embryos, caused only a slight delay in the multiplication of the PR8 strain of influenza A virus in the mouse lung and of PR8 or the Lee strain of influenza B virus in the allantoic sac. The quantities of the compound used were sufficient to cause approximately 10 to 20 per cent mortality in mice and 100 per cent in chick embryos. The use of small virus inocula did not markedly increase the effect of sodium fluoroacetate on the multiplication of PR8 or Lee in the chick embryo and maximal titers were obtained in all cases. In contrast to the findings in the chick embryo, sodium fluoroacetate caused a definite delay in the multiplication of Lee virus in the mouse lung but did not affect the final virus titer. Sodium fluoroacetate in like amounts caused only a minimal delay in the multiplication of pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) in the mouse lung or of mumps virus in the chick embryo. With both PVM and mumps virus, maximal titers were obtained almost simultaneously in fluoroacetate and control animals. When three daily injections of the compound were given to mice infected previously with PVM, a definite diminution in the virus titer was demonstrable. However, pretreatment with three daily injections of the compound caused no alteration in the capacity of mice to support the multiplication of PVM. From the results of these experiments, it appears that the cellular metabolic processes blocked by sodium fluoroacetate are not essential for the multiplication of influenza viruses, mumps virus, or pneumonia virus of mice (PVM).
Mechanisms by which Thiazolidinediones Enhance Insulin Action
Authors: Mauricio J Reginato, Mitchell A Lazar
Journal: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (1999)

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are an exciting new class of insulin-sensitizing drugs being used currently for the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The molecular target of these compounds is thought to be the nuclear hormone receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). PPARgamma is expressed predominantly in adipose tissue, yet a major site of TZD-responsive glucose disposal is skeletal muscle. Potential explanations for this paradox are discussed in this review.
Abstract 4579: CSPG4 monoclonal antibodies inhibit the growth of human malignant mesothelioma
Authors: Rivera Zeyana, Soldano Ferrone, Xinhui Wang, Sandro Jube, Haining Yang, Giovanni Gaudino, Michele Carbone
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Malignant Mesothelioma (MM) is a very aggressive cancer, resistant to current chemotherapy, with a median survival of 1 year from diagnosis. The membrane bound Chondroitin Sulphate Proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) is involved in tumor onset and progression, as well as in angiogenesis. Because of high expression on the surface of cancer cells, CSPG4 represents an attractive target for immunotherapy. CSPG4 was detected in 24 out of 40 MM biopsies, with minimal expression on surrounding normal cells. CSPG4 expression in MM cells was induced upon engagement on extracellular matrix components (ECM). Cell attachment and survival was greater to fibronectin than other ECM. Therefore, we aimed at using CSPG4 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to impair MM growth. CSPG4-specific TP41.2 mAb inhibited MM cell attachment to ECM, the resulting intracellular signaling and cell survival, with a two-fold increase in apoptosis, compared to isotype IgG control treated cells. Moreover, interfering with the function of CSPG4 by TP41.2 significantly reduced MM cell motility, invasiveness and wound healing. CSPG4 is involved also in the maintenance of the transformed phenotype, as assessed by anchorage-independent growth assay. A significant reduction in soft-agar colony size and numbers was observed when MM cells were treated with TP41.2, compared to control cells. Preliminary studies of in vivo tumorigenesis, performed on SCID mice xenografts, reveal that TP41.2 mAb is able to either prevent MM tumor establishment or reduce tumor mass volume. Our results strongly suggest that CSPG4 mAb-based immunotherapy may represent a novel valid approach for the treatment of MM. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4579. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4579
The Sleeping Brain
Authors: Frank R. Freemon
Journal: JAMA (1973)

May 1971 was a high-water mark for sleep research. Scientists from all the sleep disciplines met in the medieval town of Bruges, Belgium, for two weeks of meeting. The free communications have been published (<i>Psychophysiology</i>9:84-153, 1972), and the extensive seminar on basic sleep mechanisms, chaired by Olga Petre-Quadens, should appear soon. The present volume contains the proceedings of ten special seminars covering sleep biochemistry, pharmacology, pathology, cellular physiology, periodicity, phylogeny, neural circuitry, computer analysis, dreams, and sleep deprivation. The senior editor, Michael Chase, has left the format of each section to the seminar leader. The presentations vary from the detailed summary of neuronal firing rates in different brain areas to the basically unedited verbatim discussion on dreams that itself reads like the rambling narrative of a dream. To the sleep buff this volume is a must. Many a sleep worker specifies here for the first time the philosophical background
Glutamate Mediates the Function of Melanocortin Receptor 4 on Sim1 Neurons in Body Weight Regulation
Authors: Yuanzhong Xu, Zhaofei Wu, Hao Sun, Yaming Zhu, Eun Ran Kim, Bradford B. Lowell, Benjamin R. Arenkiel, Yong Xu, Qingchun Tong
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2013)
Dextran-70 versus albumin as plasma-expanders in cirrhotic patients with tense ascites treated with total paracentesis: results of a randomized study Planas R, Gines P, Arroyo V, Llach J, Panes J, Vargas V, Salmeron JM, et al. Gastroenterology 1990;99:1736–1744
Authors: G Garcia-Tsao
Journal: Hepatology (1991)
Iodine Staining for Early Endoscopic Detection of Esophageal Cancer in Alcoholics
Authors: S. Ban, A. Toyonaga, H. Harada, N. Ikejiri, K. Tanikawa
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

A retrospective epidemiological investigation has demonstrated that alcohol abuse is a major risk factor for esophageal cancer. However, prospective endoscopic screening for early detection in heavy drinkers is not available at present.A prospective study was conducted that included 255 alcoholics (aged 52 +/- 9 years). The patients were consecutively screened using esophagoscopy with iodine staining and targeted biopsy. The study also explored whether there was a relationship between the amount of alcohol intake and the detection rate of esophageal cancer.Unstained lesions (larger than 5 mm) were observed on the esophageal wall in 55 patients (21.6%). Ten patients (3.9%) with 13 lesions were found to have esophageal cancer of the superficial type, with no symptoms. Cancer invasion was confined to the epithelium in three patients, to the lamina propria in seven, and to the submucosa in three. There was a direct relationship between substantial alcohol intake and the presence of esophageal cancer.Screening esophagoscopy with iodine staining is very advantageous in detecting esophageal cancer at an early stage.
Schumann's hand injury.
Authors: H Mather
Journal: BMJ (1978)

ulcer has shown that admission for perforation in the years 1973-6 was as common among black as among white patients at the Johannes- burg General Hospital.'The type of complica- tion occurring was also similar in the two population groups, perforation and haemorrhage being common, in contrast to the greater frequency of stenosis reported in many studies from rural areas in Africa.
Women’s health and clinical trials
Authors: Londa Schiebinger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Women have traditionally been underrepresented in clinical trials. In order to translate recent advances in our understanding of the molecular and physiological bases of sex differences into new therapeutics and health practices, sound sex-specific clinical data are imperative. Since the founding of the Office of Research on Women's Health within the Office of the Director at the NIH in 1990, inequities in federally funded biomedical research, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases affecting women in the US have been reviewed. Discussed herein is the evolution of gender-related research innovations, primarily within the last decade, and strategies and challenges involved in the success of this recent development.
CLINICAL STUDIES IN ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY
Authors: A. ALLEN GOLDBLOOM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1935)

Article1 May 1935CLINICAL STUDIES IN ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHYIII. PERSISTENT ABNORMAL LEAD IV FINDINGS IN SERIAL ELECTROCARDIOGRAMS, WITH NEGATIVE THREE ROUTINE LEADS, IN CORONARY THROMBOSIS*A. ALLEN GOLDBLOOM, M.D., F.A.C.P.A. ALLEN GOLDBLOOM, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-8-11-1404 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn a previous publication1we presented a clinical evaluation of routine chest leads in cases of chronic coronary artery disease and acute coronary occlusion, with the findings in a series of 86 patients in whom, in addition to the three routine leads, a Lead IV tracing had been made. Of this series, 25 were normal controls, 40 were cases of chronic coronary artery disease and myocardial damage, 13 were cases of acute coronary thrombosis, and 8 were non-coronary cardiac cases. Of the 40 cases with myocardial damage due to chronic coronary artery disease, 25 showed positive findings in the three...Bibliography1. GOLDBLOOM AA: Clinical evaluation of Lead IV (chest leads); survey of Lead IV in ambulatory cases of coronary artery disease and acute coronary occlusion, Am. Jr. Med. Sci., 1934, clxxxvii, 489-498. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. GOLDBLOOMKRAMER AAMI: Clinical significance of deep Q-wave in Lead III, Med. Clin. M. Am., 1932, xv, 1345-1367. Google Scholar3. KEEFERRESNIK CSWH: Angina pectoris; syndrome caused by anoxemia of myocardium, Arch. Int. Med., 1928, xli, 769-807. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. ROTHSCHILDKISSIN MAM: Production of anginal syndrome by induced general anoxemia, Am. Heart Jr., 1933, viii, 729-744. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, N. Y.*Received for publication May 22, 1934. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThe value of lead IVF in cardiac infarctionClinical Studies in Electrocardiography: V. The Value of Chest Leads in Cardiac DiagnosisDie Klinik der CoronarerkrankungenTHE FOURTH OR APICAL ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC LEAD 1 May 1935Volume 8, Issue 11Page: 1404-1412KeywordsCoronary arteriesElectrocardiographyHeart diseasesStable coronary artery diseaseThoraxThrombosis Issue Published: 1 May 1935 PDF DownloadLoading ...