tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adducin in platelets: activation-induced phosphorylation by PKC and proteolysis by calpain
Authors: Diana M. Gilligan, Rami Sarid, Joleen Weese
Journal: Blood (2002)

Adducins are a family of cytoskeletal proteins encoded by 3 genes (alpha, beta, and gamma). Platelets express alpha and gamma adducins, in contrast to red blood cells that express alpha and beta adducins. During platelet activation with thrombin, calcium ionophore A23187, or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, alpha and gamma adducins were phosphorylated by protein kinase C (PKC) as detected by an antibody specific for a phosphopeptide sequence in the highly conserved carboxy terminus. Platelet activation also led to adducin proteolysis; inhibition by calpeptin suggests that the protease was calpain. The kinase inhibitor staurosporine inhibited PKC phosphorylation of adducin and also inhibited proteolysis of adducin. Experiments with recombinant alpha adducin demonstrated that the PKC-phosphorylated form was proteolyzed at a significantly faster rate than the unphosphorylated form. The concentration of adducin in platelets was estimated at 6 μM, similar to the concentration of capping protein. Fractionation of platelets into high-speed supernatant (cytosol) and pellet (membrane and cytoskeleton) revealed a shift of PKC-phosphorylated adducin to the cytosol during platelet activation. Platelet aggregation detected turbidometrically was decreased in the presence of staurosporine and was completely inhibited by calpeptin. Thrombin-induced changes in morphology were assessed by confocal microscopy with fluorescein phalloidin and were not prevented by staurosporine or calpeptin. Our results suggest that regulation of adducin function by PKC and calpain may play a role in platelet aggregation.
1178 MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HEPATITIS C IN A SOCIAL NETWORK OF YOUNG PEOPLE WHO INJECT DRUGS
Authors: R. Sacks-Davis, G. Daraganova, C. Aitken, P. Higgs, L. Tracy, D. Bowden, G. Robins, P. Pattison, J. Grebely, A. Barry, M. Hellard
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Irish MPs to vote next year on whether to allow limited abortion
Authors: M. Houston
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The Irish government has said that it will legislate to allow abortion to be performed in limited circumstances in the Republic of Ireland. 

It announced on 18 December 2012 that its preferred option for giving effect to a 1992 court judgment was a combination of legislation and regulation. The decision follows the recent publication of the report of an expert group tasked with advising on how to respond to a ruling of the European Court of Human Rights that found that Ireland had failed to provide for abortion in circumstances where a mother’s life was …
Potent Mental Stress and Insulin Absorption in Normal Subjects
Authors: Eva Fernqvist, Birgitta Linde
Journal: Diabetes Care (1988)

Effects of mental stress (a 20-min modified Stroop's color-word conflict test; CWT) on the absorption of 12Sl-labeled soluble human insulin (10 U s.c. in the thigh 60 min before CWT) and on subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF; 133Xe clearance); heart rate (HR); arterial blood pressure (BP); and arterial levels of epinephrine (Epi), norepinephrine (NE), and glycerol were studied in 11 healthy subjects. Insulin absorption was measured as elimination of radioactivity (external ycounting) and as appearance of plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI). The glucose-clamp technique was used to maintain normoglycemia. Identical measurements were performed during a control day without CWT. HR and mean BP increased markedly (35 ± 5 beats/min and 30 ± 3 mmHg) during CWT despite only minor elevations in plasma catecholamines. Thus, arterial plasma Epi rose from 0.18 ± 0.03 to 0.82 ± 0.17 nM (P &amp;lt; .01) and NE from 0.94 ± 0.09 to 1.69 ± 0.18 nM (P &amp;lt; .001). ATBF showed a biphasic response, with a 100% elevation during CWT followed by a decrease and a second peak of similar magnitude ∼0.5 to 1 h after CWT. Blood glycerol was approximately doubled during CWT and remained elevated during recovery. Despite these changes, insulin absorption was unaltered during and after stress. Thus, elimination rates of 125I, plasma IRI levels, and amounts of glucose needed to maintain normoglycemia were all similar during the stress and control days. These results suggest that absorption of soluble insulin from subcutaneous injection sites in the thigh is unaltered during potent mental stress in healthy subjects despite a considerable and prolonged increase in ATBF.
Serendipitous Discovery of Non–Sestamibi-Avid Squamous Cell Lung Cancer Invading the Heart During Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
Authors: Dwight M. Achong
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Scintigraphic and radiographic correlation of a non-sestamibi-avid lung mass invading the left ventricle serendipitously discovered during adenosine myocardial perfusion imaging is presented. The only clue to the presence of the mass was deformation of the anterior wall on SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging. This case serves as a reminder that although the appearance of pathology on a nuclear medicine imaging study is typically what is seen (specifically, increased radiopharmaceutical uptake), it can just as importantly be what is not seen.
Natalizumab
Authors: Richard Rudick, Chris Polman, David Clifford, David Miller, Lawrence Steinman
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2012)

Natalizumab has been available as a multiple sclerosis treatment for more than 5 years in Europe and the United States. Natalizumab was granted approval by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2004, only 12 years after its molecular target was cloned. Shortly after initial approval, natalizumab use was suspended pending a safety review when several natalizumab recipients were diagnosed as having progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. After the safety review, natalizumab was reintroduced to the market in 2006. Since then, more than 92,000 patients have been treated with the drug. Risk stratification algorithms and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy management strategies have been developed, which facilitate more personalized decision making and safer natalizumab use. This review article summarizes the evolution of natalizumab from target molecule discovery through regulatory approval, voluntary suspension, reapproval, and clinical use. The natalizumab story highlights both the opportunities and risks inherent in a novel biological therapy for a progressive neurologic disease.
Chimeric DNA-RNA Hammerhead Ribozyme to Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Reduces Stent-Induced Stenosis in a Porcine Coronary Model
Authors: Aaron Frimerman, Peter J. Welch, Xiaomei Jin, Neal Eigler, Soonpin Yei, James Forrester, Hidehiko Honda, Raj Makkar, Jack Barber, Frank Litvack
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Stent-induced coronary restenosis is a major clinical and public health problem. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is an important regulator of cell division, and blocking of its expression after angioplasty may limit intimal proliferation. Methods and Results —We cloned the porcine PCNA gene and constructed a chimeric hammerhead ribozyme to a segment of the gene with human homology. In vitro studies with both cultured porcine and human vascular smooth muscle cells demonstrated uptake of ribozyme within the nucleus and significant inhibition of cellular proliferation. The ribozyme was then delivered locally into pig coronaries in a stent model. At 30 days, histomorphometric analysis showed neointimal thickness of 0.51±0.20 mm in the ribozyme group versus 0.71±0.27 and 0.66±0.25 mm in stent controls and scrambled ribozyme control, respectively ( P =0.002, P =0.03). Quantitative angiographic analysis showed late loss of 1.4±0.5 mm for ribozyme versus 1.9±0.4 and 2.0±0.4 mm for the controls ( P =0.05 and P =0.02). Conclusions —Chimeric hammerhead ribozyme to PCNA inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro and reduces both histomorphometric and angiographic restenosis in the porcine coronary stent model when delivered locally.
Influenza: Study of Two Outbreaks
Authors: C. M. Ogilvie, R. H. M. Mavor, C. Weymes
Journal: BMJ (1950)

Virus A influenza occurred at two military training centres in the Highland district of Scotland.These centres (" A" and "B ") each had an approximate strength of 1,000 men and both received intakes of 80 to 100 recruits fort- nightly.In Unit A 61 cases (6%) of influenza occurred, and in Unit B 141 cases (14%) (see Table ).The nine smaller units in this district, each comprising a fairly static population of trained soldiers, reported only a few sporadic cases.We were able to observe all the cases in these two outbreaks.
Abstract 1727: Interleukin-6 and intracrine androgens in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Yae Yeon Chun, Nagalakshmi Nadiminty, Wei Lou, Joy Yang, Christopher P. Evans, Hsing-Jien Kung, Allen C. Gao
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The standard systemic treatment for prostate cancer patients is androgen deprivation therapy. Although serum testosterone concentrations were significantly reduced after androgen deprivation therapy, levels of intraprostatic androgens are reproducibly measured at concentrations sufficient to activate androgen receptor (AR) and stimulate tumor growth, suggesting that prostate cancer cells may survive androgen deprivation therapies by increasing intracrine androgen synthesis within the prostate. However, factors that regulate de novo intracrine androgen synthesis have not been identified. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been implicated in the modulation of AR activation and growth and differentiation in prostate cancer. In this study, we investigate whether IL-6 regulates intraprostatic androgen synthesis in prostate cancer cells. METHODS: Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and western blot were performed to detect expression levels of steroidogenic enzymes. AKR1C3 promoter reporter was constructed and analyzed for IL-6-mediated AKR1C3 transcriptional activity. IL-6-mediated signaling was knocked down using siRNAs specific to IL-6R and gp130 and the effect on AKR1C3 expression was examined. To measure intraprostatic androgen levels, IL-6 overexpressing LNCaP-IL6+ cells were inoculated orthotopically into the prostate of castrated male nude mice and generated tumors. Intraprostatic androgen levels were measured by an enzyme immunoassay (Testosterone EIA kit) based on the competition between testosterone and a testosterone-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) conjugate (testosterone tracer) for a limited amount of testosterone in the sample. RESULTS: We found that IL-6 increases the expression of genes encoding many steroidogenic enzymes including HSD3B2 and AKR1C3 involved in androgen biosynthesis. Down regulation of IL-6 receptor and gp130 expression using specific siRNA abolished IL-6 mediated AKR1C3 expression, suggesting that IL-6 signaling is responsible for AKR1C3 expression. IL-6 increases AKR1C3 promoter activity, indicating that the increase in IL-6-mediated AKR1C3 expression is in part at the transcriptional level. Treatment of IL-6 increased testosterone level in LNCaP cells. The tumor testosterone levels were detected at 378 pg/g in tumors generated from IL-6 overexpressing LNCaP-IL6+ cells inoculated orthotopically into the prostates of castrated male nude mice. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that IL-6 increases levels of intracrine androgens through enhanced expression of genes mediating androgen metabolism in prostate cancer cells during androgen deprivation therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1727.
Chronic Ulcerative Colitis with Megacolon
Authors: Andreas M Kaiser, Robert W Beart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

A 53-year-old woman with a history of ulcerative colitis presented with abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea. The abdominal examination revealed a distended and mildly tender abdomen with hypoactive bowel sounds. Plain films of the abdomen showed two characteristic features of ulcerative colitis — megacolon, with the transverse colon (normal diameter up to 6 cm) dilated to the height of 2.5 vertebrae (vertical arrows), and burned-out chronic colitis, with the left side of the colon showing foreshortening and a loss of haustra (arrowheads). The patient also had a Greenfield filter in place (horizontal arrow), since patients with inflammatory bowel disease are . . .
Direct antiproliferative effect of cyclosporin A on cultured keratinocytes and fibroblasts
Authors: B.J. Nickoloff, R.S. Mitra
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

Direct antiproliferative effect of cyclosporin A on cultured keratinocytes and fibroblastsSIR, We were interested to read the recently published report' demonstrating a direct antiproliferative effect of cyclosporin A on cultured keratinocytes and fibroblasts.These authors observed a reversible, dose-dependent inhibitory effect and that the presence of serum attenuated this response.These findings were of interest to us because we previously observed the same phenomena and reported them in several earlier publications,^'' We cannot understand these citation omissions of our in vitro findings because they were properly cited by investigators confirming an in vivo direct antiproliferative effect on keratinocytes* and this reference was included in the bibliography of their paper.The authors raised the question of the possible molecular mechanism by which cyclosporin A inhibits keratinocyte growth, and we suggest that it may exert its antiproliferative effect by decreasing the number of high affinity epidermal growth factor receptors,'
The PROGRESS and TREATMENT of a CASE of ACTINOMYCOSIS commencing in the VERMIFORM APPENDIX
Authors: D. Fairweather
Journal: BMJ (1896)

lIM BJoU 1555 that in all the digestive tract was affected.In three (Cases III, IV, v) there was a definite history of the eating of ears of barley or corn, and in two others (I, vi) this was probable, i having helped at harvest, and vi being a farm labourer.Of Case vii, in which symptoms of typhlitis began in February, nothing can be said as to the mode of infection; but of the six others it should be noted that in five the symptoms com- menced in the late summer or autumn months-that is, soon after the harvest; while the remaining patient (Case v) had eaten barley and wheat at various times of the year.The suspicion which other observers have thrown upon uncooked cereals as a source of infection in actinomycosis is therefore to some extent supported by these cases.In conclusion, I must thank my colleagues, Drs.M. 0. Taylor and Chicken, for permission to make use of their cases, and to Drs.Littlewood, Sharp, and Simpson for valuable information.APPENDIX.The following case, seen since the above paper was written, is of interest especially in regard to the mode of infection.Mr. B. was brought to me on November 27th, I895, by Dr. Littlewood, with a swelling in his neck.The followingwas tle history of the case:Towards the end of September, 1895, while out shooting in Ross-shire, the patient ate some grains of oats, and became aware that one stuck in the right tonsil.Efforts were made to dislodge it, but a few days later the tonsil swelled, and in the course of a week suppurated and discharged matter.Under treatmient the inflammation subsided, and for a fortnight the patient felt no discomfort.During the last week of October, however, he noticed a swelling just under the angle of the jaw on the right side.The lump, which was but slightly painful, slowly spread down the neck, so that at the date of his visit to me it appeared to reach the thyroid car- tilage.The original swelling under the jaw had, however, by this time diminished in size, and I could feel here but a kind of thickened cord.This seemed to pass upwards inside the jaw, and downwards was con- tinuous with an irregularly oval mass about 2 inches in its long diameter.This mass was firm and slightly brawny.It did not implicate the skin, which was of normal colour and was not very tender.Its lower end reached to the position of the top of the right lobe of the thyroid gland, but this organ appeared normal.The pharynx, larynx, mouth, and teeth were normal.From the history of the infection, the mode of growth, and the cha- racters of the swelling I gave the opinion that tbe case was probably one of actinomycosis.We arranged to immediately give and push iodide of potassium, but, in view of the contiguity of important structures to the
Discriminators of Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: George E. Ehrlich
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Only a few short years ago, ankylosing spondylitis and diseases that often culminated in spondylitis (Reiter syndrome, arthritis accompanying granulomatous bowel disease, psoriatic spondylarthropathy, and infective Yersinia spondylitis) were regarded as relatively uncommon rheumatoid variants. Being submerged in rheumatoid arthritis, these disorders received less separate attention than was their due, and because, with the exception of ankylosing spondylitis, they were regarded as relatively benign and self-limited, scant attention was paid to these spondylitic arthritides.  Changing perception resulted from the discovery that a hereditary factor played a role in the majority of instances of spondylitis. The histocompatibility antigen HLA-B27 was found in about 95% of patients who had ankylosing spondylitis and lesser but still substantial proportions of others who had spondylitic variants. Population surveys then discovered that approximately 20% of persons carrying HLA-B27 were affected by ankylosing spondylitis. At once, the estimate of the numbers afflicted in the population had to
Depression, Homocysteine Concentration, and Cardiovascular Events—Reply
Authors: Mary A. Whooley
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Does the somatostatin analogue octreotide protect against ERCP induced pancreatitis?
Authors: K F Binmoeller, A G Harris, R Dumas, C Grimaldi, J P Delmont
Journal: Gut (1992)

This study evaluates the effect of the long acting somatostatin analogue octreotide on biochemical and clinical parameters of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) induced pancreatitis. Altogether 245 patients were randomised to receive either octreotide or isotonic saline. Octreotide (100 micrograms) was administered intravenously five minutes before ERCP and subcutaneously 45 minutes after ERCP. There were no significant differences in the median serum amylase and lipase activities at baseline, eight, and 24 hours after ERCP. Five patients (2%) developed clinical pancreatitis--three in the octreotide and two in the placebo groups. Excluding patients who developed pancreatitis, 43 (18%) developed abdominal pain after ERCP--21 in the octreotide and 23 in the placebo groups. There were no significant differences in the median serum amylase and lipase values between the treatment groups. None of the 52 patients who had therapeutic interventions developed pancreatitis. This study suggests that octreotide may not protect against ERCP induced pancreatitis.
Direct Quantitative Assessment of the Peripheral Artery Collateral Circulation in Patients Undergoing Angiography
Authors: Tobias Traupe, Jana Ortmann, Michael Stoller, Iris Baumgartner, Stefano F. de Marchi, Christian Seiler
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Despite the fact that numerous studies have pursued the strategy of improving collateral function in patients with peripheral artery disease, there is currently no method available to quantify collateral arterial function of the lower limb. Methods and Results— Pressure-derived collateral flow index (CFIp, calculated as (occlusive pressure−central venous pressure)/(aortic pressure−central venous pressure); pressure values in mm Hg) of the left superficial femoral artery was obtained in patients undergoing elective coronary angiography using a combined pressure/Doppler wire (n=30). Distal occlusive pressure and toe oxygen saturation (Sa o 2 ) were measured for 5 minutes under resting conditions, followed by an exercise protocol (repetitive plantar-flexion movements in supine position; n=28). In all patients, balloon occlusion of the superficial femoral artery over 5 minutes was painless under resting conditions. CFIp increased during the first 3 minutes from 0.451±0.168 to 0.551±0.172 ( P =0.0003), whereas Sa o 2 decreased from 98±2% to 93±7% ( P =0.004). Maximal changes of Sa o 2 were inversely related to maximal CFIp ( r 2 =0.33, P =0.003). During exercise, CFIp declined within 1 minute from 0.560±0.178 to 0.393±0.168 ( P &lt;0.0001) and reached its minimum after 2 minutes of exercise (0.347±0.176), whereas Sa o 2 declined to a minimum of 86±6% ( P =0.002). Twenty-five patients (89%) experienced pain or cramps/tired muscles, whereas 3 (11%) remained symptom-free for an occlusion time of 10 minutes. CFIp values were positively related to the pain-free time span ( r 2 =0.50, P =0.002). Conclusions— Quantitatively assessed collateral arterial function at rest determined in the nonstenotic superficial femoral artery is sufficient to prevent ischemic symptoms during a total occlusion of 5 minutes. During exercise, there is a decline in CFIp that indicates a supply-demand mismatch via collaterals or, alternatively, a steal phenomenon. Clinical Trial Registration—URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01742455.
Hormone Replacement Therapy and Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Trudy L. Bush
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal