tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Infarction and Coronary Insufficiency During Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Valentino D.B. Mazzia
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The article by Allen E. Hussar and Maurice Pachter (<b>204</b>:1004, 1968) did not tell whether the administration of digitalis had been discontinued 24 hours before the administration of anesthesia and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Furthermore, it does not discuss the anesthetic management in sufficient detail to permit evaluation of the role of hypoxia or hypercapnia in the death of this patient. Specifically, there was no mention made of controlled or assisted ventilation with oxygen after thiopental sodium and before succinylcholine were administered and the electroconvulsive shock delivered. Such ventilation could exchange oxygen for nitrogen in the alveoli and avoid hypoxia. There is also no mention of ventilation or hyperventilation after the shock which would lower the alveolar carbon dioxide tension and thus avoid hypercapnia.
Cystic fibrosis in adolescents and adults.
Authors: A R Penketh, A Wise, M B Mearns, M E Hodson, J C Batten
Journal: Thorax (1987)

Three hundred and sixteen patients with cystic fibrosis were seen at the Brompton Hospital during 1965-83; 178 (56.3%) of them were male and 136 female, and their ages ranged from 12 to 51 years. Most patients presented in infancy with respiratory symptoms and malabsorption, but 19 (6%) were diagnosed in adult life, three in their 30s. Pulmonary disease was almost universal (99.7%), being responsible for 97% of all deaths and three quarters of hospital admissions. All patients had developed a productive cough by the age of 21 and over half before the age of 5. Many complained of wheezing, but reversible airflow obstruction was present in only 40% of those tested. Minor haemoptysis was very common (62%), but major episodes less so (10%). Pneumothorax was seen in 61 cases (19%), and was often recurrent. Some irreversible airflow obstruction was present in all patients with pulmonary disease. Two patients have been followed for over 20 years without showing appreciable decline in lung function. Thirty five patients (11%) had no symptoms of malabsorption. Acute meconium ileus equivalent was seen in 16% and a chronic partial obstruction with episodic symptoms in a further 19%. Diabetes mellitus developed in 36 patients, 13 of whom were insulin dependent. Hepatomegaly was common (29%), often occurring without abnormal results in biochemical tests of liver function; only 1% of patients developed portal hypertension with varices and ascites. Skin reactions to at least one common allergen, including Aspergillus fumigatus, were positive in 70%, but very few patients suffered from hay fever or eczema. One hundred and twenty one patients have died, 97% from infection or other pulmonary complications, and 195 were alive in December 1983 (mean age 23 years). Seventy eight per cent of patients were in full time education or full or part time employment, or were housewives, and only 41 were unemployed for reasons for health. Many patients are married and 10 women have borne children. Most patients were admitted to hospital only three or four times during the period of follow up and 50 individuals (16%) have never been in hospital at all. The improvement in prognosis and quality of life for adults with cystic fibrosis should encourage a positive attitude in those who care for them.
Tensin2 variant 3 is associated with aggressive tumor behavior in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Judy Wai Ping Yam, Frankie Chi Fat Ko, Chung‐Yiu Chan, Tai‐On Yau, Edmund Kwok Kwan Tung, Thomas Ho‐Yin Leung, Dong‐Yan Jin, Irene Oi‐Lin Ng
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Tensins are a new family of proteins that act as an important link among extracellular matrix, actin cytoskeleton, and signal transduction and have been implicated in human cancers. Tensin2 was initially identified in a search for new tensin family members that share extensive sequence homology with tensin1. Tensin2 was highly expressed in liver tissues. A recent study reported that one of the splicing variants of tensin2, variant 3, promotes cell migration. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the role of variant 3 in hepatocarcinogenesis by assessing the expression of variant 3 mRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue and ectopically expressing variant 3 in HCC cell lines. Analysis of variant 3 expression in human HCC tissue revealed it was overexpressed in 46% (23/50) of tumor tissues as compared with the corresponding nontumorous livers. High expression of variant 3 was significantly associated with venous invasion (P = .037), tumor microsatellite formation (P = .022), and tumor nonencapsulation (P = .049). Our ectopic expression study showed that variant 3 significantly promoted the cell growth and motility of HCC cells. The clonal transfectants of variant 3 were more closely packed and resulted in a higher saturation density than in the control vector transfectants. Variant 3 expression also enhanced the proliferation rate in culture and in vivo tumorigenicity in nude mice. In conclusion, we reveal a novel role for variant 3 in the progression of HCC and suggest the feasibility of elevated variant 3 expression as a tumor progression marker for HCC. (HEPATOLOGY 2006;44:881–90.)
Cardiac Sodium-Calcium Exchanger Is Regulated by Allosteric Calcium and Exchanger Inhibitory Peptide at Distinct Sites
Authors: Christoph Maack, Anand Ganesan, Agnieszka Sidor, Brian O’Rourke
Journal: Circulation Research (2004)

The sarcolemmal Na+-Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) is the main Ca2+ extrusion mechanism in cardiac myocytes and is thus essential for the regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis and contractile function. A cytosolic region (f-loop) of the protein mediates regulation of NCX function by intracellular factors including inhibition by exchanger inhibitory peptide (XIP), a 20 amino acid peptide matching the sequence of an autoinhibitory region involved in allosteric regulation of NCX by intracellular Na+, Ca2+, and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate (PIP2). Previous evidence indicates that the XIP interaction domain can be eliminated by large deletions of the f-loop that also remove activation of NCX by intracellular Ca2+. By whole-cell voltage clamping experiments, we demonstrate that deletion of residues 562-679, but not 440- 456, 498-510, or 680-685 of the f-loop selectively eliminates XIP-mediated inhibition of NCX expressed either heterologously (HEK293 and A549 cells) or in guinea pig cardiac myocytes. In contrast, by plotting I(NCX) against reverse-mode NCX-mediated Ca2+ transients in myocytes, we demonstrate that Ca2+-dependent regulation of NCX is preserved in Delta562-679, but significantly reduced in the other three deletion mutants. The findings indicate that f-loop residues 562-679 may contain the regulatory site for endogenous XIP, but this site is distinct from the Ca2+-regulatory domains of the NCX. Because regulation of the NCX by Na+ and PIP2 involves the endogenous XIP region, the Delta562-679 mutant NCX may be a useful tool to investigate this regulation in the context of the whole cardiac myocyte.
Magnesium Sulfate and Digitalis-Toxic Arrhythmias
Authors: Leon Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Seven patients with congestive heart failure receiving long-term diuretic treatment (more than three years) experienced idionodal tachycardia in the presence of apparently normal serum digoxin levels. Intravenous bolus administration of magnesium (Mg) sulfate, followed by intramuscular Mg repletion, abolished the digitalis-toxic arrhythmia. The finding of decreased lymphocyte Mg and potassium contents proved the existence of cellular Mg depletion associated with normal serum Mg levels in five patients and with hypomagnesemia in the other two. Decreased cellular Mg content with normal serum Mg level predisposes to digitalis-toxic arrhythmias. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:2808-2810)
Captopril, Blood Pressure, and Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Peter T. Sawicki
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Two placebo-controlled trials have been recently published<sup>1,2</sup>that were designed to determine whether captopril has specific kidney-protecting properties in patients with diabetic nephropathy. However, the authors of the studies decided to compare 50 mg<sup>1</sup>or 75 mg<sup>2</sup>of captopril with placebo and not with another antihypertensive agent. Hence, both study protocols resulted in different blood pressure control between the intervention and the control groups. The significant difference in blood pressure values is discussed in the article by Dr Viberti and colleagues.<sup>1</sup>The final results of the study by Lewis et al were presented during the recent 53rd American Diabetes Association meeting in Las Vegas, Nev.<sup>3</sup>In that report, the mean (±SD) arterial pressure over all follow-up visits was 96.2±7.9 mm Hg in the captopril group and 100.6±8.9 mm Hg in the placebo group (<i>P</i>=.008).<sup>3</sup> In previous reports,<sup>4,5</sup>a decrease
Phorbol Myristate Acetate ‐Fate and Usability in a Human Interleukin‐1 Assay
Authors: L. Remvig, M. Svenson, C. Enk
Journal: Allergy (1985)

Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) has been widely used to produce interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) from monocytes (Mø) of various species, including man. Supernatants from cultures of human Mø, stimulated with PMA, 2 × 10 −6 M, contained IL‐1–like activity, as judged by their high co‐mitogenic effect on mitogen‐stimulated human T‐cells. However, a solution of PMA in culture medium was equally as active as the supernatants. By way of 3 H‐PMA it was demonstrated that the IL‐1–like effect of PMA‐induced supernatants was non‐dialyzable, was coupled to proteins with a molecular weight ≥ 70,000 Dalton and could be dependent mainly upon the PMA content. Thus, previous reports dealing with basic immunological as well as immunopharmacological aspects of IL‐1, must be interpreted with caution if the conclusions have been based on results obtained with crude or high molecular weight forms of PMA‐induced IL‐1. It could be that PMA can be used as an IL‐1 inducer. However, it must first be demonstrated that PMA does not interfere with the detection of IL‐1 or, if so, that PMA has been removed sufficiently from the test material to avoid interference. Secondly, the specificity of PMA with respect to IL‐1 inducing effect must be demonstrated under endotoxin‐free culture conditions.
Detection of Multiple Myeloma by PET/CT in a Patient With Colon Cancer
Authors: Chih-Yung Chang, Yi-Jen Peng, Daniel H. W. Shen, Wen-Sheng Huang, Shiou-Chi Cherng
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A 76-year-old man with previous sigmoid colon resection for adenocarcinoma had low back pain for 2 months. Whole-body bone scintigraphy showed multiple focal Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP)-avid lesions in both rib cages and 3 lumbar vertebrae, indicating metastases. F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging was performed for further evaluation of this possible metastatic disease and demonstrated the lumbar and costal metastases and several hypermetabolic areas in the pelvic bones, multiple thoracic vertebrae, both shoulders, and the right femur. Histopathologic examination of the right-sided iliac crest, however, revealed multiple myeloma.
Interpreting fluoroscein angiograms.
Authors: R De Silva, C Santosh
Journal: BMJ (1993)

in the phenotypic expression of familial prion diseases.It delays the onset of the disease asso- ciated with a 144 base pairs insertion2 and modu- lates the phenotypic expression of fatal familial insomnia and the form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease associated with a mutation at codon 178.3If our last observation shows that heterozygosity at codon 129 does not protect against the disease associated with a mutation at codon 200 it then suggests a possible delaying effect on its onset, as Collinge and colleagues propose.As in the patient of British descent reported on in detail by Collinge and colleagues, the anticipation phenomenon-that is, earlier onset of the disease with progress through generationsappears clearly in our first two patients' families.Whether only the codon 129 genotype contributes to the molecular basis of this anticipation phenomenon is still unknown.
Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Response to Hypotensive Stress in the Postural Tachycardia Syndrome
Authors: Istvan Bonyhay, Roy Freeman
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Increased central sympathetic activity and/or deficient peripheral sympathetic nerve function are among the proposed pathophysiological changes in patients with the postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Little is known about sympathetic nerve outflow and its role in hemodynamic control in this disorder.We recorded peroneal muscle sympathetic nerve activity in 9 POTS patients and 9 control subjects at rest and during a nitroprusside-induced hypotensive stimulus. Baseline blood pressure (BP) and heart rate were significantly higher in POTS patients than in controls. At rest, the burst frequency was similar in POTS patients and controls (18.1+/-6.2 and 20.1+/-7.9 bursts/min, respectively; P=NS), whereas the burst incidence was significantly lower (23.1+/-6.8 versus 32.2+/-11.4 bursts/100 heartbeats, P<0.05). Nitroprusside increased sympathetic outflow significantly more in POTS patients than in controls despite a similar BP decrease (burst frequency 20.4+/-7.5 versus 12.1+/-4.1 bursts/min, P=0.008, and burst incidence 21.8+/-8.4 versus 14.4+/-5.2 bursts/100 heartbeats, P=0.03). The change in mean burst area, a measure of the number of actively firing sympathetic neurons, was similar in patients and controls (117+/-15% versus 114+/-21%, P=NS).At rest, the tachycardia and normal burst frequency result in normal or even elevated BP in POTS patients. During a hypotensive stimulus, cardiovascular homeostasis is maintained by the increased sympathetic outflow and normal heart rate response despite the lack of concomitant increase in mean burst area that is most likely due to sympathetic denervation.
Donor lndium-111 Leukocyte Scan in a Nonleukopenic Patient
Authors: IRIS S. KOLLA, MICHAEL KELL, RODERIC PETTIGREW
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Indium-III leukocytes are useful in localizing infection and abscess with excellent sensitivity and specificity. In this case report, heterologous Indium-III leukocytes provided the same diagnostic information as autologous leukocytes without adverse effects to the patient. A potential application of donor Indium-III leukocytes in the nonleukopenic patient is discussed.
Second line (disease modifying) treatment in rheumatoid arthritis: which drug for which patient?
Authors: H A Capell, D R Porter, R Madhok, J A Hunter
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

OBJECTIVES--The objectives were to assess (a) the comparative merits of commonly used disease modifying drugs in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and (b) the influence of age, gender, and disease duration on the outcome of treatment. METHODS--Collected analysis (meta-analysis) was performed on results obtained during the first year of treatment in 1140 patients with RA treated with gold, penicillamine, sulphasalazine, or auranofin from a single centre. RESULTS--Gold, penicillamine, and sulphasalazine performed similarly, with about 60% of patients continuing to receive each of these drugs for at least one year. Neither gender nor age had an influence on the response to treatment, but patients with a longer disease duration showed a greater tendency to stop treatment. The median percentage improvement was 33% in visual analogue pain score and 50% in erythrocyte sedimentation rate. CONCLUSIONS--Routine use of these drugs should at least equal these results. Any new drug should either be substantially less toxic or at least as efficacious.
REMOTE RESULTS OF REMOVAL OF UTERINE APPENDAGES.
Authors: E. E. MONTGOMERY
Journal: JAMA (1895)

The introduction of the operation for removal of the tubes and ovaries as advocated almost simultaneously by Battey, Tait and Hegar, though upon distinctly different lines, opened up an extensive field for the practice of abdominal surgery. The enthusiasm of their followers necessarily resulted in the practice of the procedure in many cases when it was of doubtful utility. Battey advocated the operation for intolerable dysmenorrhea; Tait for distinctly recognizable pathologic lesions in tubes and ovaries, principally of an inflammatory character; Hegar to produce an artificial menopause in cases of uterine hemorrhage otherwise uncontrollable. These distinctly defined indications soon became extended, so that pelvic pain of slight degree, whether associated with menstruation or not, has been considered an excuse for the removal of the organs. Ovaries and tubes have been removed in which careful macroscopic investigation has failed to disclose much, if any, evidence of disease. The experience of over
Late potentials are related to the degree and extent of viable myocardium after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Maria-Aurora Morales, Antonio Fazi, Ezio-Maria Ferdeghini, Marcello Piacenti, Leandro Chiodi, Celio Gremigni, Gualtiero Pelosi, Rossano Vergassola, Antonio L'Abbate
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
713-4 Inhibition of Vascular Superoxide Production in Hypercholesterolemic Rabbit Aorta by L-Arginine Contributes to Restored Endothelium-dependent Relaxation
Authors: Rainer H. Böger, Stefanie M. Bode-Böger, Andreas Mügge, Sven Kienke, Alex Dwenger, Jürgen C Frölich
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
ANTIARRHYTHMIC EFFECT OF INVASIVE TREATMENT IN HYPERTROPHIC OBSTRUCTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY: SIGNIFICANCE OF SUBSTRATE MODIFICATION DETECTED BY CARDIAC MRI
Authors: Tomohisa Nakamura, Yuko Inoue, Hideaki Kanzaki, Yoshiaki Morita, Ikutaro Nakajima, Kohei Ishibashi, Koji Miyamoto, Hideo Okamura, Takashi Noda, Takeshi Aiba, Shiro Kamakura, Toshihisa Anzai, Masaharu Ishihara, Satoshi Yasuda, Hisao Ogawa, Kengo Kusano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Impact of polypill difficult to demonstrate from varied studies, say Cochrane reviewers
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Inconsistencies in the design of studies investigating the potential of polypills to prevent cardiovascular disease make the impact of these pills difficult to prove, a systematic review by the Cochrane Collaboration has found. However, the reviewers are confident that polypills do have a role in protecting large populations against cardiovascular disease.

Polypills combine a variety of fixed dose drugs, including a statin, at least one blood pressure lowering drug, and sometimes aspirin, into one pill. The largest review of evidence to date by the Cochrane Collaboration has found that polypills have yet to be shown to reduce mortality or events such as heart attacks and stroke, but that they do reduce risk markers for these events, such as blood pressure and cholesterol.1 One trial also suggested that taking a polypill rather than a drug combination as individual pills increased adherence to treatment by up to 33%.

Mark Huffman, cardiologist and assistant professor in preventive medicine and medicine-cardiology at Northwestern University Feinberg …
Deficient production of cyclic AMP: pharmacologic evidence of an important cause of contractile dysfunction in patients with end-stage heart failure.
Authors: M D Feldman, L Copelas, J K Gwathmey, P Phillips, S E Warren, F J Schoen, W Grossman, J P Morgan
Journal: Circulation (1987)

We studied the effects of different classes of inotropic drugs on human working myocardium in vitro that was isolated from the hearts of patients with end-stage heart failure, and compared the responses to these drugs with those noted in muscles from nonfailing control hearts. Although peak isometric force generated in response to increased extracellular calcium reached control levels in the muscles from patients with heart failure, the time course of contraction and rate of relaxation were greatly prolonged. The inotropic effectiveness of the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol and the phosphodiesterase inhibitors milrinone, caffeine, and isobutylmethylxanthine was markedly reduced in muscles from the patients with heart failure. In contrast, the effectiveness of inotropic stimulation with acetylstrophanthidin and the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin was preserved. After a minimally effective dose of forskolin was given to elevate intracellular cyclic AMP levels, the inotropic responses of muscles from the failing hearts to phosphodiesterase inhibitors were markedly potentiated. These data indicate that an abnormality in cyclic AMP production may be a fundamental defect present in patients with end-stage heart failure that can markedly diminish the effectiveness of agents that depend on generation of this nucleotide for production of a positive inotropic effect.
Heterogeneities in [K <sup>+</sup> ] <sub>o</sub> and TQ Potential and the Inducibility of Ventricular Fibrillation During Acute Regional Ischemia in the Isolated Perfused Porcine Heart
Authors: Ruben Coronel, Francien J. G. Wilms-Schopman, Lukas R. C. Dekker, Michiel J. Janse
Journal: Circulation (1995)

The relation between the inducibility of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and heterogeneity of the extracellular potassium concentration ([K+]o) and of TQ potential is unknown.Data from 78 epicardial DC electrodes or from up to 32 intramural K+ electrodes were acquired simultaneously. Induction of VF was attempted with one or two ventricular premature beats induced in normal myocardium in isolated porcine hearts during (1) regional perfusion of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) with a normoxic, hyperkalemic solution ([K+] 6 to 19.6 mmol/L), (2) simulated ischemia, ie, LAD perfusion with a glucose-free, hypoxic solution ([K+] 4 to 16 mmol/L, PO2 < 5 mm Hg, pH 6.98), and (3) regional ischemia produced by stopping LAD flow. During normoxic, hyperkalemic LAD perfusion, no VF could be induced (12 interventions, 7 hearts). During simulated ischemia (27 interventions), VF could be induced only when [K+]o was between 8 and 13.5 mmol/L. After 5 minutes of true regional ischemia, more sites with [K+]o between 8 and 13.5 mmol/L were present than after 10 minutes. VF could be induced with 1 ventricular premature beat in 11 of 17 interventions after 5 minutes and in 0 of 14 interventions after 10 minutes of ischemia (P < .001). Regional simulated ischemia presents a relatively homogeneous condition compared with 5 minutes of regional ischemia (SD +/- SEM of TQ potential in LAD tissue, 0.9 +/- 0.05 versus 2.1 +/- 0.13 mV, respectively). True ischemia superimposed on regional simulated ischemia caused the rapid development of heterogeneities in [K+]o and TQ potential and caused VF after 45 +/- 7 seconds in all interventions. Activation maps of induction of VF suggest a different mechanism of unidirectional block during simulated ischemia from that in true ischemia.(1) In the presence of hypoxia and acidosis, [K+]o between 8 and 13.5 mmol/L provides the conditions necessary for the induction of VF; (2) after 5 minutes of ischemia, these conditions are present in a larger area and inducibility of VF is higher than after 10 minutes of ischemia; and (3) small heterogeneities within the intermediate K(+)-concentration domain (8 to 13.5 mmol/L) are associated with high inducibility of VF.