tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anomalies of the Coronary Arteries and their Clinical Significance
Authors: RALPH W. ALEXANDER, GEORGE C. GRIFFITH
Journal: Circulation (1956)

Fifty-four cases with anomalies involving the coronary artery circulation were found among 18,950 autopsies during a 10-year period at the Los Angeles County Hospital. The purpose of this survey is to present the different types of coronary artery anomalies and to elucidate their practical clinical significance.
Generation of an HIV Resistant T-cell Line by Targeted “Stacking” of Restriction Factors
Authors: Richard A Voit, Moira A McMahon, Sara L Sawyer, Matthew H Porteus
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Restriction factors constitute a newly appreciated line of innate immune defense, blocking viral replication inside of infected cells. In contrast to these antiviral proteins, some cellular proteins, such as the CD4, CCR5, and CXCR4 cell surface receptors, facilitate HIV replication. We have used zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) to insert a cocktail of anti-HIV restriction factors into the CCR5 locus in a T-cell reporter line, knocking out the CCR5 gene in the process. Mirroring the logic of highly active antiretroviral therapy, this strategy provides multiple parallel blocks to infection, dramatically limiting pathways for viral escape, without relying on random integration of transgenes into the genome. Because of the combination of blocks that this strategy creates, our modified T-cell lines are robustly resistant to both CCR5-tropic (R5-tropic) and CXCR4-tropic (X4-tropic) HIV-1. While zinc finger nuclease–mediated CCR5 disruption alone, which mimics the strategy being used in clinical trials, confers 16-fold protection against R5-tropic HIV, it has no effect against X4-tropic virus. Rhesus TRIM5α, chimeric human-rhesus TRIM5α, APOBEC3G D128K, or Rev M10 alone targeted to CCR5 confers significantly improved resistance to infection by both variants compared with CCR5 disruption alone. The combination of three factors targeted to CCR5 blocks infection at multiple stages, providing virtually complete protection against infection by R5-tropic and X4-tropic HIV. Restriction factors constitute a newly appreciated line of innate immune defense, blocking viral replication inside of infected cells. In contrast to these antiviral proteins, some cellular proteins, such as the CD4, CCR5, and CXCR4 cell surface receptors, facilitate HIV replication. We have used zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) to insert a cocktail of anti-HIV restriction factors into the CCR5 locus in a T-cell reporter line, knocking out the CCR5 gene in the process. Mirroring the logic of highly active antiretroviral therapy, this strategy provides multiple parallel blocks to infection, dramatically limiting pathways for viral escape, without relying on random integration of transgenes into the genome. Because of the combination of blocks that this strategy creates, our modified T-cell lines are robustly resistant to both CCR5-tropic (R5-tropic) and CXCR4-tropic (X4-tropic) HIV-1. While zinc finger nuclease–mediated CCR5 disruption alone, which mimics the strategy being used in clinical trials, confers 16-fold protection against R5-tropic HIV, it has no effect against X4-tropic virus. Rhesus TRIM5α, chimeric human-rhesus TRIM5α, APOBEC3G D128K, or Rev M10 alone targeted to CCR5 confers significantly improved resistance to infection by both variants compared with CCR5 disruption alone. The combination of three factors targeted to CCR5 blocks infection at multiple stages, providing virtually complete protection against infection by R5-tropic and X4-tropic HIV.
P200 Preliminary Evaluation Of The Fungal Airway Microbiome In Adult Cystic Fibrosis By Next-generation Sequencing, Culture And Staining Techniques
Authors: I. Felton, S. Benson, A. Nicholson, K. Al-Shafi, P. James, M. Cox, A. Walley, M. Moffatt, D. Bilton, M. Loebinger, N. Simmonds, W. Cookson
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The prevalence and diversity of fungal airway isolates is increasing in cystic fibrosis (CF). Amidst an extending spectrum of fungal complications, lack of standardised mycology methods and poor sensitivity of culture-dependent techniques renders interpretation of isolates challenging. <h3>Aims</h3> To evaluate the diagnostic utility of fungal cytology and microbiology stains in addition to prolonged sputum culture from adult CF patients in comparison to standard mycology techniques. Secondly, to develop a novel, next-generation sequencing assay targeting the ITS2 region of the fungal ribosomal-RNA gene to comprehensively profile the sputum fungal microbiota. <h3>Methods</h3> Sputum samples were investigated by a panel of three mycology techniques: prolonged fungal culture (each examined at: Day7, D14, D21, D28); Calcofluor White (CFW) stain; Grocott’s Methenamine Silver (GMS) stain. A cohort of samples was also subject to broad-spectrum fungal next-generation sequencing. <h3>Results</h3> 25 adult patients provided 45 sputum samples. Four fungal species were cultivatable: <i>Candida</i> species (26.6%); <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> (4.4%); <i>Scedosporium apiospermum</i> (15.5%) and <i>Exophiala dermatitidis </i>(11.1%). Prolonged culture significantly increased overall fungal prevalence by 22% compared to standard duration (D7) p = 0.008<i>)</i>. A significant increase of 11.1% in <i>S. apiopspermum</i> prevalence was observed p = 0.02<i>)</i>, whilst all <i>E. dermatitidis</i> isolates required prolonged culture. The sensitivity of GMS and CFW stains (85% and 93%) compared favourably to standard duration culture (29%). DNA extracted from a pilot group of these sputum samples (n = 14/45) was subject to PCR using barcode-indexed ITS2 primers designed for Illumina-MiSeq amplicon sequencing. Fungal taxa were detected in all samples, of which seven samples (50%) were negative after prolonged culture. Preliminary sequencing analysis of an extended sample cohort (n = 30) has detected 89 fungal taxa, from which only four species were cultured. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Prolonged fungal culture is associated with a significant increase in fungal prevalence. The increased sensitivity is restricted to less common filamentous fungi associated with increasing pathogenicity: <i>S. apiospermum </i>and <i>E. dermatitidis. </i>The predictive value of stains in identifying samples positive at prolonged culture, but negative at standard duration illustrates their clinical utility. Illumina-MiSeq ITS2-amplicon sequencing directly from sputum has identified a more diverse CF airways fungal microbiota. Preliminary analysis suggests that this is a highly sensitive tool for detecting fungi from sputum, including species which are refractory to standard and enhanced culture.
Hope and mood changes throughout the primary brain tumor illness trajectory
Authors: Alvina A. Acquaye, Lin Lin, Elizabeth Vera-Bolanos, Mark R. Gilbert, Terri S. Armstrong
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2015)

The ambiguity of defining hope impacts the level of readiness faced by health care professionals treating patients with glioma, a disease with unpredictable outcomes. This study describes the report of hope and the relationship between hope and mood in adult brain tumor patients at various points in the illness trajectory.This was a cross-sectional study with data collection including use of the Herth Hope Index (HHI), the Profile of Mood States-Short Form (POMS-SF), and clinical information. Descriptive statistics were used to report sample characteristics. Spearman's rho and Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare and differentiate scores.Eighty-two patients ranging in age from 22 to 78 years (median, 44.5 y) participated in the study. Patients were primarily male (57.3%), married (76.8%), and had a high-grade glioma (35.4%). Nearly half had recurrence, and more than 20% were on active treatment. The overall HHI total score for the sample was 41.32 (range: 13-48). Patients with recurrence had a lower HHI interconnectedness (median = 14.00) score and higher total mood disturbance (median = 14.00) compared with patients without recurrence (median = 15.00 and median = 0.00, respectively; P < .05). All negative mood states on the POMS-SF were negatively correlated with HHI subscales.Overall, patients reporting more hope also reported less overall mood disturbance As expected, patients with tumor recurrence reported lower hope and higher mood disturbance than those who were newly diagnosed or without recurrence. Targeting interventions specifically tailored to an individual's needs for improvement in quality of life throughout the disease course may include measures to address hope in order to facilitate positive coping strategies.
The importance of the determination of the myocardial area at risk in the evaluation of the outcome of acute myocardial infarction in patients.
Authors: A J Feiring, M R Johnson, J M Kioschos, P T Kirchner, M L Marcus, C W White
Journal: Circulation (1987)

On the basis of animal studies, we postulated that the size of the perfusion field (risk area) of an occluded coronary artery would be an important determinant of outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction. To test this hypothesis, we measured size of the risk area in 27 patients with acute myocardial infarction by the intracoronary injection of 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin and gated nuclear imaging. After injection of the albumin spheres (5.3 +/- 1.4 hr after the onset of chest pain) streptokinase was administered and in 16 of 27 patients (59%) effective thrombolysis was achieved. Since none of the patients had evidence of a prior acute myocardial infarction, the 3 day nuclear left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was considered an index of infarct size. Response to thrombolysis was analyzed according to success or failure of reperfusion and the size of the risk area (small risk area less than 25%, large risk area greater than 25% of left ventricular surface area). Standard clinical indexes correlated poorly with size of the risk area: electrocardiographic variables (r = .37), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (r = .23), cardiac index (r = .55), and the LVEF obtained from a right anterior oblique contrast ventriculogram (r = .31). The coronary vessel responsible for the acute myocardial infarction significantly influenced size of the risk area (left anterior descending, 38 +/- 5% [mean +/- SD] vs circumflex or right coronary artery, 17 +/- 4%). However, knowledge of the site of coronary occlusion within a vessel was not helpful in predicting the size of the area at risk.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Do patients receiving regular haemodialysis need folic acid supplements?
Authors: V L Sharman, J Cunningham, F J Goodwin, F P Marsh, D M Chaput de Saintonge, S W Evans
Journal: BMJ (1982)

This study has shown no benefit from six months' treatment with folic acid and indeed a slight fall in haemoglobin concentration occurred during treatment with folic acid.In addition, there was a weak association with nausea, headache, vivid dreams, agitation, and irritability, symptoms that have been ascribed to folic acid previously.4We therefore see no justification for the use of folic acid supplements for adequately nourished patients receiving regular haemodialysis.
Breast cancer screening and the primary care team.
Authors: J Austoker
Journal: BMJ (1990)

remain the preferred instrument to measure peak flow rates.Whether knowledge of values for forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity in addition to that of peak expiratory flow rate is helpful to general practitioners is a question that will determine the relevance of the turbine spirometer in primary care.We thank Miss L A Izzard and Mrs M Dracass for typing
Intravenously Given Ethacrynic Acid and Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Dennis Slone
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> As to the data presented by Wilkinson et al, it is first of all important to note that their review was limited merely to 32 of the patients in whom gastrointestinal bleeding had been recorded in the surveillance system, while our report was based on a detailed analysis of the data on 1,602 patients. It is most relevant that the data from our study were not derived from routine clinical records, with their notorious incompleteness and inaccuracy, but from a specifically designed and carefully implemented routine clinical monitoring system described in detail in our paper and elsewhere.<sup>1-3</sup>Wilkinson and his colleagues have failed to acknowledge the important limitations in their sources of information. They have made an oblique effort to discredit routine aspects of our system by stating that they failed to locate the charts of three patients because they "were not known by name or
Bacterial meningitis and tuberculous meningitis.
Authors: J Stevenson
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Despite the wide range of antimicrobial drugs available to day the mortality and morbidity from bacterial meningitis is disappointingly high. This disappointment is all the more poignant when one appreciates that some 75% of pyogenic meningitis in Britain results from infection by one of three organisms?namely, Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Haemophilus influenzae. Though menin gococcal infection still ranks as the main cause it is less domin
Platelet-activating factor causes ventilation-perfusion mismatch in humans.
Authors: R Rodriguez-Roisin, M A Félez, K F Chung, J A Barberà, P D Wagner, A Cobos, P J Barnes, J Roca
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

We hypothesized that platelet-activating factor (PAF), a potent inflammatory mediator, could induce gas exchange abnormalities in normal humans. To this end, the effect of aerosolized PAF (2 mg/ml solution; 24 micrograms) on ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) relationships, hemodynamics, and resistance of the respiratory system was studied in 14 healthy, nonatopic, and nonsmoking individuals (23 +/- 1 [SEM]yr) before and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 15, and 45 min after inhalation, and compared to that of inhaled lyso-PAF in 10 other healthy individuals (24 +/- 2 yr). PAF induced, compared to lyso-PAF, immediate leukopenia (P < 0.001) followed by a rebound leukocytosis (P < 0.002), increased minute ventilation (P < 0.05) and resistance of the respiratory system (P < 0.01), and decreased systemic arterial pressure (P < 0.05). Similarly, compared to lyso-PAF, PaO2 showed a trend to fall (by 12.2 +/- 4.3 mmHg, mean +/- SEM maximum change from baseline), and arterial-alveolar O2 gradient increased (by 16.7 +/- 4.3 mmHg) (P < 0.02) after PAF, because of VA/Q mismatch: the dispersion of pulmonary blood flow and that of ventilation increased by 0.45 +/- 0.1 (P < 0.01) and 0.29 +/- 0.1 (P < 0.04), respectively. We conclude that in normal subjects, inhaled PAF results in considerable immediate VA/Q inequality and gas exchange impairment. These results reinforce the notion that PAF may play a major role as a mediator of inflammation in the human lung.
Abstract C41: Nuclear Stat5a/b predicts early recurrence and prostate cancer-specific death in patients treated by radical prostatectomy.
Authors: Tuomas Mirtti, Benjamin E. Leiby, Pär Stattin, Anders Bergh, Marja T. Nevalainen, Junaid Abdulghani, Miia Pavela, Elina Aaltonen, Anita Mamtani, Kalle A. Alanen, Lars Egevad, Torvald Granfors, Andreas Josefsson
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract There is an urgent need for reliable markers to identify patients whose PCa is most likely to recur after initial therapy and progress to lethal disease. While Gleason score is considered the most accurate predictive marker for disease-specific mortality after primary treatment of localized prostate cancer (PCa), the majority of PCas cluster into intermediate group of Gleason scores 6 and 7 where there is considerable variation in treatment response, disease recurrence and disease-specific death. In this study, we analyzed the predictive value of elevated nuclear Stat5a/b expression in PCas treated by radical prostatectomy or active surveillance. The critical role of Stat5a/b in promotion of PCa growth and progression has been well-documented in preclinical PCa models. Specifically, Stat5a/b is critical for prostate cancer cell viability in vitro and for prostate tumor growth in vivo, and Stat5a/b promotes metastatic dissemination of prostate cancer in nude mice. Here, we demonstrate that in intermediate Gleason score PCas treated by radical prostatectomy, high levels of nuclear Stat5a/b predicted both early recurrence (univariate analysis; p&amp;lt;0.0001, multivariate analysis; HR=0.55, p=0.017) and early PCa-specific death (univariate analysis; p=0.028). In addition, high nuclear Stat5a/b predicted early disease recurrence in both univariate (p&amp;lt;0.0001) and multivariate (HR=0.62; p&amp;lt;0.01) analysis in the entire cohort of patients treated by radical prostatectomy (n=562) regardless of the Gleason score. In the second group of patients treated by active surveillance, elevated nuclear Stat5a/b expression was associated with early PCa-specific death (p=0.0453) by univariate analysis (Cox regression analysis: 60% increased risk of death, p=0.034). If confirmed in future prospective studies, nuclear Stat5a/b may become a useful independent predictive marker of recurrence of lethal PCa after radical prostatectomy for intermediate Gleason score PCas. Citation Format: Tuomas Mirtti, Benjamin E. Leiby, Pär Stattin, Anders Bergh, Marja T. Nevalainen, Junaid Abdulghani, Miia Pavela, Elina Aaltonen, Anita Mamtani, Kalle A. Alanen, Lars Egevad, Torvald Granfors, Andreas Josefsson. Nuclear Stat5a/b predicts early recurrence and prostate cancer-specific death in patients treated by radical prostatectomy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr C41.
877-3 Effect of percutaneous transluminal renal artery angioplasty with stenting on renal function in patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis
Authors: Johan D Aasbo, David S Bromet, Roy P Venzon, Stamatis Dimitropoulos, Martha Gulati, Clifford J Kavinsky, Gary L Schaer, Jeffrey R Snell
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Acetaldehyde alone may initiate hepatocellular damage in acute alcoholic liver disease.
Authors: R E Barry, J D McGivan
Journal: Gut (1985)

Acetaldehyde may be the injurious agent in acute alcoholic liver disease. It has been suggested that the mechanism of liver injury in this situation may be immunologically mediated. In the present study acetaldehyde has been bound to human liver plasma membranes. The activation of C3 by the acetaldehyde/membrane product was measured by immunofixation of the separated C3 components. Activation of C3 by acetaldehyde exposed liver plasma membranes was increased to 16.4% compared with 6% by non-exposed membranes (p = 0.004). Human liver plasma membranes bound 212 +/- 18 nmol acetaldehyde per mg membrane protein. The binding constant was 439 +/- 81 microM. It is concluded that acetaldehyde bound to human liver plasma membranes activates the complement sequence and this may be the initial stage in the pathogenesis of acute alcoholic liver disease.
Cause of Death
Authors: John E. Patterson
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> As director of the Division of Vital Statistics in the National Center for Health Statistics, I commend Kircher and Anderson<sup>1</sup>on their article discussing the importance of data on cause of death and offering suggestions on how they may be improved. I whole-heartedly concur with their conclusions that better training of physicians in the proper completion of the medical certification of cause of death is essential if we are to improve the quality of these data. The National Center for Health Statistics will continue its efforts to promote training and would welcome suggestions regarding how the training activities proposed in the article could best be implemented. Kircher and Anderson did an excellent job of explaining the medical certification and the proper sequence for entering information about the cause of death. However, they have erred in their instructions for the completion of the death certificate in certain
FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON PARANGI (YAWS)
Authors: A. Castellani
Journal: BMJ (1905)

Ito be expected in the fourth week of the disease.For this reason his diet was not improved, and he was sedulously watched.A sharp but short relapse occurred, at the end of which the urine passed increased from 30 to 40 cz. to 8o, g9, and even I10 oz , and an uninterrupted convalescence took place.In no case in which polyuria was noted have I known perforation to occur, and in no case has haemorrbage of any moment ever occurred after polyaria has been established, and, furthermore, the oceurrence of relapse is of the most extreme rarity when polyuria has once begun.
NEW AND COMPACT CASE FOR A COMPLETE SET OF OPHTHALMIC INSTRUMENTS WITH STERILIZING TRAY.
Authors: S D. RISLEY
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Much annoyance is frequently experienced in transporting either a broad and unwieldy instrument case which will not fit into any convenient sized bag, or by the necessity of carrying about numerous smaller boxes containing instruments. I have avoided this for a long time by a number of smaller boxes containing a complete set of instruments for any of the more usual operations. One of these contained a cataract set, another the instruments required for iridectomy, while a third contained a complete set for tenotomy, advancement, etc. Miscellaneous instruments were mingled in a fourth. This plan requires an unnecessary multiplication of many instruments,<i>e.g.</i>, specula, lid elevators, forceps, scissors, etc., needed in almost all operations upon the eye. Then too it is not always possible to anticipate every requirement, so that in operating away from the office, it became necessary to carry a large bag, containing numerous instruments, boxes, a sterilizing
Abstract 3207: Telomerase inhibition affects fludarabine sensitivity in quiescent primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes
Authors: May Shawi, Lilian Amrein, Sergei Gryaznov, Chantal Autexier, Raquel Aloyz
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract B- Cell chronic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in adults. It is clinically very heterogeneous and has a highly variable clinical course. Telomere length and telomerase activity have been shown to be excellent prognostic factors in CLL. Moreover, telomere maintenance is deficient in CLL lymphocytes. These studies have prompted the assessment of the telomerase inhibitor GRN163L in a phase I-II clinical trial in CLL and lymphomas. Here we report that telomerase activity is not required for the survival of quiescent primary CLL lymphocytes. In contrast telomerase activity seems to be required for the survival of quiescent primary CLL lymphocytes after treatment with fludarabine (FLU) in vitro. Furthermore, the effect of fludarabine on telomerase activity was associated with the basal expression of the telomere shelterin protein TRF2. In summary, our results suggest that GRN163L in combination with FLU may be useful to decrease the tumor burden in CLL. To our knowledge this is the first report assessing the effect of telomerase inhibition in combination with a chemotherapeutic agent in non-stimulated primary CLL lymphocytes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3207.