tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Blood-Handling Precautions and the Human T-Leukemia Virus
Authors: TIMOTHY R. FRANSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1984Blood-Handling Precautions and the Human T-Leukemia VirusTIMOTHY R. FRANSON, M.D., ROSS A. ABRAMS, M.D., PAUL S. RITCH, M.D.TIMOTHY R. FRANSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ROSS A. ABRAMS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, PAUL S. RITCH, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-100-5-765_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We are writing to promote discussion of the problems of infection control as they relate to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Recent articles (1, 2) have addressed the possible role of retroviruses, specifically human T-leukemia virus (HTLV), in the etiology of this syndrome. Included in these articles have been studies in which sera from patients with the syndrome were found to contain antibodies to HTLV, whereas sera from controls did not (2).In our institution, serologic screening of two patients, one with T-cell lymphoma and one with mycosis fungoides complicated by T-cell immunoblastic sarcoma, showed the presence of...References1. GELMANN E. Possible role for retroviruses, pp 103-4. In: FAUCI AS, moderator. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: epidemiologic, clinical, immunologic and therapeutic considerations. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:92-106. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. ESSEXMCLANELEE MMT. Antibodies to cell membrane antigens associated with human T-cell leukemia virus in patients with AIDS. Science. 1983;220:862-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. BLAYNEYBLATTNERGALLO DWR. Isolation procedures for patients with leukemia or lymphoma associated with human T-cell leukemia virus [Letter]. N Engl J Med. 1983;308:844. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. GARNERSIMMONS JB. CDC guideline for isolation precautions in hospitals. Infect Control. 1983;4:245-325. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: TIMOTHY R. FRANSON, M.D.; ROSS A. ABRAMS, M.D.; PAUL S. RITCH, M.D.Affiliations: Milwaukee County Medical Complex Milwaukee, WI 53226 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPrecautions in Care of Patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeDOUGLAS W. BLAYNEY, M.D. 1 May 1984Volume 100, Issue 5Page: 765-765KeywordsAIDSAntibodiesEtiologyHuman t lymphotropic virusLymphomaRetrovirusesSarcoma ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...
Estimation of Resting Energy Expenditure Considering Effects of Race and Diabetes Status
Authors: Kelley Martin, Penny Wallace, Philip F. Rust, W. Timothy Garvey
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—To evaluate the impact of diabetes status and race, in addition to other covariables, on the estimation of resting energy expenditure (REE). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Demographic, anthropometric, and clinical parameters were assessed in 166 adults of varying weights. Subjects were categorized by race (white versus black) and into three subgroups based on glucose tolerance (normoglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and type 2 diabetes), termed the diabetes status index (DSI). REE was measured by indirect calorimetry. A multiple regression model was established for optimal prediction of REE based on covariables. RESULTS—An average decrease in REE of 135 kcal/day independent of all other variables was observed in blacks (P &amp;lt; 0.001). DSI was found to be a significant covariable (P = 0.002) in predicting REE, which was observed to be higher in diabetic women. Therefore, race and DSI entered the multiple regression equation to predict REE as significant independent variables, together with lean body mass (LBM) and age × BMI interaction (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Overall, REE prediction resulted in an R2 of 0.79 and a root mean square error of 136 kcal/day. These values indicate that the resultant equations could offer advantages over other key published prediction equations. The equations are: 1) REEfemale = 803.8 + 0.3505 × age × (BMI − 34.524) − 135.0 × race + 15.866 × LBM + 50.90 × DSI; and 2) REEmale = 909.4 + 0.3505 × age × (BMI –34.524) –135.0 × race + 15.866 × LBM –9.10 × DSI. The predictive value of the equations did not diminish substantially when fat-free mass estimated by skinfold calipers was substituted for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan measurements of LBM. CONCLUSIONS—Race and diabetes status are important when predicting REE, coupled with LBM, age, BMI, and sex. Race and DSI have not been considered in equations commonly used to predict REE. Their inclusion could improve individualization of dietary prescriptions for type 2 diabetic subjects and heterogeneous populations.
Nature of Complaint in Relation to Social Class
Authors: A.H. Crisp, R.G. Priest
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1970)

The scores of a 'normal' population of people aged between 40–65 years on the Somatic Scale of the MHQ psychoneurotic index have been found to be related to social class as well as age and sex. A hypothesis that scores would be higher in people from lower social classes was only partially borne out, the positive association being found in some age ranges but not in others.
Abstract CN2-1: Personalized chemotherapy of cancer based on immune parameters
Authors: Laurence Zitvogel, Guido Kroemer
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Recent data suggest that therapy-induced immunogenic cancer cell death can stimulate a therapeutic anti-cancer immune response that then contributes to the control (or even to the elimination) of residual tumor cells. Indeed, some chemotherapeutic agents (e.g. X Rays, oxaliplatin and anthracyclines) can induce immunogenic apoptosis, while others cannot (e.g. cisplatin, mitomycin C and etoposide) [Casares, 2005; Obeid, 2007; Apetoh, 2007; Obeid, 2007; Ghiringhelli, 2009]. Thus far, we know that the immunogenicity of tumor cell death is closely linked to the surface exposure of calreticuline (CRT), the secretion of ATP and the release of HMGB1 that bind to CRT receptor, P2RX7 and TLR4 on host dendritic cells respectively. Chemotherapeutic agents that fail to induce CRT exposure or HMGB1 release are unable to induce immunogenic cell death. Our published data indicate that two loss-of-function alleles (that affect toll-like receptor-4 [TLR4] and purinergic P2 receptor X7 [P2RX7] of 12 and 30% of Caucasians, respectively) reduce the efficacy of conventional anticancer therapies, for instance in anthracyline-treated breast carcinomas and in oxaliplatin-treated colon cancers. We have determined novel defects in the emission or perception of immunogenic cell death signals negatively affecting the therapeutic response of human cancers that will be presented. Mouse preclinical models allowed us to unravel novel cellular and molecular pathways involved in the immunogenicity of cell death. These data will be reviewed. Based on this concept, which remains to be proven, one can formulate four predictions: First, therapeutic regimens that are intrinsically unable to elicit immunogenic death should be less efficient than therapies that can trigger immunogenic cell death. Second, cancers that intrinsically lack the capacity to emit immunogenic signals during tumor cell death should fail to induce a specific immune response and have a bad prognosis. Third, immune defects that weaken the response against dying tumor cells, including defects in the perception of immunogenic signals, should worsen the prognosis of cancer and compromise the therapeutic response. Fourth, the immunogenic cell death induced by chemotherapy should influence the composition and the architecture of the immune infiltrate present in tumors, which in turn should affect the therapeutic response. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(7 Suppl):CN2-1
Varieties of Healing
Authors: Ted J. Kaptchuk, David M. Eisenberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters6 August 2002Varieties of HealingTed J. Kaptchuk, OMD and David M. Eisenberg, MDTed J. Kaptchuk, OMDHarvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02215 and David M. Eisenberg, MDHarvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02215Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-3-200208060-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We appreciate the insightful comments by Dr. Sandweiss and Dr. Barnes and are pleased that our taxonomy can serve as a forum to provoke discussion and debate. We do not disagree with the substance of their comments. Our disagreement has to do with our understanding that a taxonomy should be descriptive, not prescriptive.Dr. Sandweiss suggests that we used public acceptance as our threshold of inclusion. He is right; for our purposes, the fact that people utilize and presumably believe in a practice is sufficient for space in our taxonomy. Dr. Sandweiss also feels that biomedicine should not ...References1. Finkler K. Non-medical treatments and their outcomes. Cult Med Psychiatry. 1980;4:271-310. [PMID: 7408525] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Csordas TJ. Elements of charismatic persuasion and healing. Med Anthropol Q. 1988;2:121-42. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. Macklin J. Belief, ritual, and healing: New England spiritualism and Mexican-American spiritism compared.. In: Zaretsky II, Leone MP, eds. Religious Movements in Contemporary America. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ Pr; 1974. Google Scholar4. Kay M, Yoder M. Hot and cold in women's ethnotherapeutics: the American-Mexican West. Soc Sci Med. 1987;25:347-55. [PMID: 3317875] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Eliade M. Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy. Trask WR, tr. New York: Pantheon; 1964. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA 02215 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoVarieties of Healing. 1: Medical Pluralism in the United States Ted J. Kaptchuk and David M. Eisenberg Varieties of Healing. 2: A Taxonomy of Unconventional Healing Practices Ted J. Kaptchuk and David M. Eisenberg Varieties of Healing Donald A. Sandweiss Varieties of Healing Linda L. Barnes Metrics Cited ByMilk Alkali Syndrome and the Dynamics of Calcium Homeostasis 6 August 2002Volume 137, Issue 3Page: 218KeywordsFearFood ePublished: 6 August 2002 Issue Published: 6 August 2002 CopyrightCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
What does the limbic memory circuit actually do?
Authors: Michael Gabriel, David M. Smith
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

We applaud Aggleton &amp; Brown's affirmation of limbic diencephalic-hippocampal interaction as a key memory substrate. However, we do not agree with a thesis of diencephalic-hippocampal strict dedication to episodic memory. Instead, this circuitry supports the production of context-specific patterns of activation that subserve retrieval for a broad class of memory phenomena, including goal-directed instrumental behavior of animals and episodic memory of humans.
Hypercalcemia and Familial Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Neil W. Swinton, Eugene P. Clerkin, Lloyd D. Flint
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

In a 12-year-old boy with familial pheochromocytoma and mild hypercalcemia, the serum calcium returned to normal levels after removal of an adrenal pheochromocytoma. The production of a parathormone-like substance or some other calcium-affecting factor by the adrenal tumor is suggested. In patients with familial pheochromocytoma and hypercalcemia, priority should be given to excision of the pheochromocytoma; the serum calcium should be reevaluated postoperatively.
Cot deaths and medical communication
Authors: J. L Emery
Journal: BMJ (1983)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome (DS), is a clinical disorder where a third copy of chromosome 21 is present. Approximately 95% of DS are due to a meiotic nondisjunction, with the remaining 5% caused by chromosomal translocation or mosaicism. Children with DS are predisposed to recurrent respiratory infections due to a number of anatomical and immunological features. Our project investigated whether there is evidence supporting or refuting the use of antibiotic prophylaxis for recurrent respiratory infections in the DS population. <h3>Methods</h3> A systematic literature review was conducted of published medical literature within the following databases: MEDLINE, Science Direct, and The Cochrane Library. A systematic search for ongoing clinical trials and guidelines/consensus statements was performed using various clinical trial registers and professional organisation websites. Search terms included ‘DS’, ‘Trisomy 21’, ‘paediatric’, ‘respiratory infections’, ‘recurrent respiratory infections’, ‘prophylaxis’ and ‘antibiotics’. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomised controlled trials, case-control studies and case-series were considered. <h3>Results</h3> A systematic search revealed 0 published articles and 0 clinical trials meeting the necessary inclusion criteria. 1 guideline was found meeting our inclusion criteria; the Nottingham Guideline which outlines the role of prophylactic antibiotics in the DS population. Given the dearth of evidence in this area, we formulated a clinical trial to investigate the utility of prophylactic antibiotics for current respiratory infections in the DS population. Azithromycin was chosen as the antibiotic of choice for its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Primary endpoints would be the number of respiratory infections experienced over the course of the treatment period requiring a GP or ED attendance. Secondary endpoints include the severity of respiratory infections, both the number and severity of adverse events experienced over the period of the trial, along with the patient and parent/legal guardian self-reported quality of life. <h3>Conclusion</h3> There is a current lack of evidence supporting or refuting the use of prophylactic antibiotics for recurrent respiratory infections in DS. Basic scientific studies need to be performed elucidating the role of anatomical and immunological features in predisposing children with DS to recurrent respiratory infections. Clinical trials are needed to elucidate whether prophylactic antibiotics are useful in this cohort and to investigate the optimal timing and combination of antibiotics. Guidelines are needed to support physicians in clinical decision making.
Re: C. Schwentner, J. Oswald, A. Lunacek, M. Deibl, I. Koerner, G. Bartsch and C. Radmayr. Lich-Gregoir Reimplantation Causes Less Discomfort Than Politano-Leadbetter Technique: Results of a Prospective, Randomized, Pain Scale-Oriented Study in a Pediatric Population. Eur Urol 2006;49:388–95
Authors: Mustafa Sofikerim, Deniz Demirci, Mustafa Karacagil
Journal: European Urology (2006)
'Do Not Resuscitate' Orders-Reply
Authors: Jack E. Zimmerman
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We agree with Drs Elliott and Day and Dr La Puma that DNR orders mean that only cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be withheld. The hospitals in our study all based their practices on this definition. Like many forms of treatment, cardiopulmonary resuscitation might be accepted or rejected by a patient or surrogate, depending on its appropriateness.<sup>1</sup>It would be improper to use DNR orders to sanction death, withdraw therapy, or fail to relieve pain or provide comfort, and nothing in our study indicated that this occurred. Nevertheless, while guidelines and policies for writing DNR orders are widely available, physicians have received little guidance about how to indicate and proceed with other treatment limitations.<sup>2,3</sup>Acronyms indicating such limits (DNI [do not intubate], SCO [supportive care only], or DNT [do not treat]) are not widely recognized, well characterized, or used. As indicated in our article, however, DNR decisions "were
Two surgeons are accused of ignoring high death rates
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Two senior consultant surgeons persisted in carrying out heart surgery on babies and toddlers even though half their patients died, the General Medical Council (GMC) was told this week at the start of a marathon disciplinary hearing.

James Wisheart and Janardan Dhasmana disregarded warnings by colleagues that the death rates for their operations for congenital heart defects at Bristol Royal Infirmary were too high, the professional conduct committee heard. Mr Wisheart, former medical director of the United Bristol Healthcare Trust, Mr Dhasmana, consultant cardiothoracic surgeon, and Dr John Roylance, former chief executive officer of …
Deaths from pancreatic cancer in Europe continue to increase while rates for other cancers fall
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Deaths from pancreatic cancer are predicted to increase in men and women while rates for all other cancers, except lung cancer in women, continue to decrease, says an analysis of current trends across European countries published this week.1

Researchers reviewed population and death certification data for all cancers and reviewed data individually for cancers of the stomach, intestine, pancreas, lung, prostate, breast, and uterus (including cervix), and types of leukaemia. They analysed figures for all 27 countries of the European Union from …
Devolution weakens UK's voice in Europe, researcher warns
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Health experts, rather than the European courts, should be in the driving seat over Europe-wide health matters, argues a report from the Nuffield Trust.

Its author, Scott Greer, assistant professor at the University of Michigan and senior research fellow at the London School of Economics, has looked at how four states in the European Union—the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Spain—engage with the EU and try to influence its health policy.

He warns that the way the UK’s health care is devolved to England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland is undermining the UK’s ability to represent its …
Cell-specificity and signaling pathway of endothelin-1 gene regulation by hypoxia
Authors: I. Bodi, N. H. Bishopric, D. J. Discher, X. Wu, K. A. Webster
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Objectives: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor that is expressed in endothelial cells and in many other cells and tissues. Increased plasma levels of the peptide have been associated with ischemic heart disease, atherosclerosis, and myocardial infarction. The objectives of the current study were (1) to determine the tissue specificity for induction of the ET-1 gene by hypoxia, (2) to determine whether the hypoxia regulatory pathway is the same as that in other hypoxia regulated genes and (3) to analyze the contributions of protein kinases for basal and induced expression of ET-1. Methods: ET-1 transcript levels were measured by Northern blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction in endothelial and non-endothelial cells following exposure to hypoxia. Regulatory steps within the pathway were identified by treating aerobic or hypoxic cultures with cycloheximide, PMA, a series of selective protein kinase inhibitors, and transition metals. The effects on ET-1 transcripts were compared with the ubiquitous hypoxia inducible pyruvate kinase gene. Results: The induction of ET-1 by hypoxia in vitro occurred exclusively in early passage endothelial cells. This induction was prevented by treatment with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide and was at least partially mimicked by treatment with transition metals. Induction by hypoxia was not effected by inhibitors of protein kinase C, protein kinase A, calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinase, or cyclic GMP dependent protein kinase. The basal expression was decreased and hypoxic induction was eliminated by treating cells with tyrosine kinase-selective inhibitors. Conclusions: Et-1 induction by hypoxia requires endothelial cell-specific factor(s) or steps, new protein synthesis, and may involve a haeme protein-containing pathway in oxygen sensing. A protein tyrosine kinase step is implicated for both basal and induced expression of the ET-1 gene.
Siblings of opposite sex as a risk factor for child mortality.
Authors: P Aaby, K Molbak
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To examine whether contracting an infection from a sibling of the opposite sex affects child mortality. DESIGN--Retrospective study of twins and case-control study of randomly selected children conducted within a prospective cohort study. SETTING--Urban and rural areas of Guinea-Bissau. SUBJECTS--251 Pairs of twins (65 male pairs, 72 female pairs, and 114 mixed pairs), and 39 children who died and 78 controls identified in a cohort of 853 children aged less than 4, comprising 772 randomly selected children, all twins, and all children who had measles living in Bandim 2. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Death of a child and sex of cotwin or older sibling nearest in age. RESULTS--The mortality among children from mixed pairs of twins was higher than that among pairs of the same sex (relative risk 1.47, 95% confidence interval 1.14 to 1.90). Boys had a slightly higher mortality especially in the older groups. In the case-control study the older sibling nearest in age was of the opposite sex for 29 (74%) of the children compared with 36 (46%) of the controls matched for age, sex, and area. Mortality was higher among both boys and girls with older siblings of the opposite sex than among those with siblings of the same sex (odds ratio 1.90, 0.78 to 4.61 v 7.5, 1.59 to 35.30), but the difference was more pronounced among girls. CONCLUSIONS--Children whose older sibling nearest in age is of the opposite sex or who have cotwins of the opposite sex have a higher mortality from infectious diseases. Further investigation is needed to determine the nature of this relation.
The first component of complement. A quantitative comparison of its biosynthesis in culture by human epithelial and mesenchymal cells.
Authors: K M Morris, H R Colten, D H Bing
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

Epithelial and mesenchymal cells synthesized and secreted all three subcomponents of the first component of complement (C1): C1q, C1r, and C1s. Quantitatively, however, columnar and transitional epithelial cells secreted 400--3,700 times more hemolytically active C1 than monocytes or fibroblasts. Only columnar epithelial cells synthesized C1 subcomponents with subunit structures similar to their serum counterparts. Transitional epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and monocytes produced C1q and C1s with subunits of apparent molecular weights larger than reported values. C1r from all cell lines was physiochemically similar to serum C1r.
Effects of Autofluorescence Imaging on Detection and Treatment of Early Neoplasia in Patients With Barrett's Esophagus
Authors: David F. Boerwinkel, Jasmin A. Holz, Mohammed A. Kara, Sybren L. Meijer, Michael B. Wallace, Louis–Michel Wong Kee Song, Krish Ragunath, Herbert C. Wolfsen, Prasad G. Iyer, Kenneth K. Wang, Bas L. Weusten, Maurice C. Aalders, Wouter L. Curvers, Jacques J.G.H.M. Bergman
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)