tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impaired TLR‐2 expression and TLR‐2‐mediated cytokine secretion in macrophages from patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: M. Niebuhr, C. Lutat, S. Sigel, T. Werfel
Journal: Allergy (2009)

In many patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), the disease is complicated by their enhanced susceptibility to bacterial skin infections, especially with Staphylococcus aureus. The pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 recognizes components of S. aureus, for example, lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and peptidoglycan (PGN) and, therefore, might be crucial in the pathogenesis and flare-ups of AD.To investigate TLR-2 expression and cytokine secretion in macrophages from patients with AD compared to healthy controls upon TLR-2 stimulation with PGN, LTA and Pam3Cys.Macrophages were cultivated from highly purified peripheral blood monocytes of AD patients and nonatopic healthy controls and stimulated with PGN, LTA and Pam3Cys in a time and dose-dependent manner. Afterwards, TLR-2 expression and cytokine secretion were measured on protein and mRNA level. TLR-1 and TLR-6 expression were investigated on the mRNA level. Immunohistochemical stainings from punch biopsies were performed to investigate TLR-2 expression in skin macrophages.We could clearly show that macrophages from patients with AD expressed significantly less TLR-2, whereas the expression pattern of TLR-1 and TLR-6 were not altered. Macrophages had a reduced capacity to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8 and IL-1beta after stimulation with TLR-2 ligands.Our findings clearly show an impaired TLR-2 expression and functional differences of TLR-2-mediated effects on macrophages of AD patients compared to healthy controls which might contribute to the enhanced susceptibility to skin infections with S. aureus in AD.
Management of adverse effects of Peg-IFN and ribavirin therapy for hepatitis C
Authors: Mark S. Sulkowski, Curtis Cooper, Bela Hunyady, Jidong Jia, Pavel Ogurtsov, Markus Peck-Radosavljevic, Mitchell L. Shiffman, Cihan Yurdaydin, Olav Dalgard
Journal: Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology (2011)
Energy Expenditure in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Kathleen Mulligan, Viva W. Tai, Morris Schambelan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

To the Editor: Resting energy expenditure has been variably reported as increased,1 inconsistently elevated,2 and decreased3 in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The deter...
GASTRO-ENTEROSTOMY WITH EXCLUSION OF INOPERABLE CANCER OF PYLORUS AND ANTRUM
Authors: GEORGE T. PACK
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Gastro-enterostomy with exclusion of cancer of the pylorus and antrum may be the first step in a two-stage resection or may be indicated as a palliative measure for inoperable cancers of this location. The advantages, indications and technic of this operation are presented here, with a review of the evolution of this procedure. The treatment of choice for operable gastric carcinoma is resection of the stomach. This procedure is not tolerated well by patients in poor general condition with tumors of questionable operability because of fixation, surrounding inflammatory reaction and enlarged perigastric nodes. We have previously explained the advantages and indications for using two stages in resections under these conditions.<sup>1</sup>The first stage, consisting of exclusion of the carcinomatous segment of the stomach with gastro-enterostomy, may be done under a local anesthetic and requires little more time than gastro-enterostomy alone. The patient receives a liberal postoperative diet so that
PILI ANNULATI OCCURRING AS A FAMILY DISORDER
Authors: ARNE REYN, H. HAXTHAUSEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1934)

Journal Article PILI ANNULATI OCCURRING AS A FAMILY DISORDER Get access ARNE REYN, ARNE REYN From the Skin Department of the Rigshospital, Copenhagen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. HAXTHAUSEN H. HAXTHAUSEN Director, Prof. From the Skin Department of the Rigshospital, Copenhagen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 46, Issue 4, 1 April 1934, Pages 168–175, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1934.tb10200.x Published: 01 April 1934
Patients' perception of their asthma: Accuracy of perception still unclear: Authors' reply
Authors: A H Kendrick, G Laszlo
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Finding out about asthma EDITOR, Peter J Barnes's review of what we still need to find out about asthma was limited in its scope.'There are many other vital questions to which we need the answers.For example, how effective are the treatments currently used, and how can we evaluate them routinely?How should we measure outcome?How can we ensure that patients know all they need to know about asthma?What are the best ways of sharing care between general practice and hospital?What are the relative costs and benefits of the many curative and preventive (for example, dust control) measures?Is it worth screening for asthma, and if so how should we do it?Why does the treatment of asthma vary so much among doctors, centres, regions, and
Prophylactic Thyroidectomy in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A
Authors: Michael A. Skinner, Jeffrey A. Moley, William G. Dilley, Kouros Owzar, Mary K. DeBenedetti, Samuel A. Wells
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Medullary thyroid carcinoma is the most common cause of death in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2A (MEN-2A) or type 2B or familial medullary thyroid carcinoma. We sought to determine whether total thyroidectomy in asymptomatic young members of kindreds with MEN-2A who had a mutated allele of the RET proto-oncogene could prevent or cure medullary thyroid carcinoma.A total of 50 patients 19 years of age or younger who were consecutively identified through a genetic screening program as carriers of a RET mutation characteristic of MEN-2A underwent total thyroidectomy. Five to 10 years after the surgery, each patient was evaluated by physical examination and by determination of plasma calcitonin levels after stimulation with provocative agents.In 44 of the 50 patients, basal and stimulated plasma calcitonin levels were at or below the limits of detection of the assay (proportion, 0.88; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.76 to 0.95). Two patients had basal and stimulated plasma calcitonin levels above the normal range. Stimulated plasma calcitonin levels had increased but remained within the normal range in four patients. The data suggest that there was a lower incidence of persistent or recurrent disease in children who underwent total thyroidectomy before eight years of age and in children in whom there were no metastases to cervical lymph nodes.In this study, young patients identified by direct DNA analysis as carriers of a RET mutation characteristic of MEN-2A had no evidence of persistent or recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma five or more years after total thyroidectomy. A longer period of evaluation will be necessary to confirm that they are cured.
Biologic False-Positive FTA-ABS Test in Drug-Induced Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Roberta A. M. Monson
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Procainamide hydrochloride-induced lupus syndrome was associated with development of false-positive serologic tests for syphilis. The unique feature of our case was the finding of a positive fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS) test which became nonreactive following cessation of drug therapy. A previous association of this phenomenon with systemic lupus erythematosus has been noted. Therefore, one must interpret serologic tests for syphilis within the framework of clinical findings in both systemic and drug-induced lupus erythematosus.
Diffuse Increased Renal Uptake on Bone Scintigraphy in Acute Tubular Necrosis
Authors: NAOTO WATANABE, MASASHI SHIMIZU, MASANARI KAGEYAMA, TETSUYA KAMEI, HIKARU SETO, MASAO KAKISHITA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Acute renal failure after exercise with frank pain and patchy renal vasoconstriction is a clinical syndrome that occurs in young, previously healthy persons. The authors describe a 24-year-old man who had this syndrome. CT scan showed wedge-shaped contrast enhancement of both kidneys, which suggested patchy renal vasoconstriction. Tc-99m MDP imaging revealed diffuse increased uptake of both kidneys. After renal function was improved, Tc-99m MDP imaging showed normal uptake of both kidneys. Acute renal failure due to acute tubular necrosis was confirmed by renal biopsy. The authors conclude that Tc-99m MDP may be useful in evaluation of acute renal failure after exercise with flank pain and patchy renal vasoconstriction due to acute tubular necrosis.
Simultaneous Serum and CSF Antibodies in Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis
Authors: Levine Dp, Lauter Cb, Lerner Am
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Serial concomitant paired sera (S) and CSF were taken from eight patients with biopsy-proved herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE). These specimen pairs were compared with 28 others from patients with various neurologic conditions. Before and after reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol, a ratio of S/CSF antibody titers of less than or equal to 20 with either the passive hemagglutinating (PHA) or immune adherence hemagglutinating (IAHA) antibody tests occurred in every patient with HSVE. Diagnostic S/CSF ratios were noted in three patients before biopsy of the brain and in four patients by the tenth day of neurologic disease. Among control subjects, a ratio of S/CSF titers greater than 20 was observed in all but four patients. Each of the latter patients had neurologic diagnoses easily distinguishable from HSVE. The PHA or IAHA S/CSF ratio offers a rapid, reliable method for the diagnosis of HSVE (P less than .001).
Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation and vitamin K metabolism in liver. Effects of warfarin.
Authors: R Wallin, L F Martin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

The systems involved in vitamin K-dependent carboxylation and vitamin K metabolism have been extensively studied in rat liver. To determine how clinically applicable this information is, similar in vitro studies were completed using human liver. One major difference exists in the pathways that provide reduced vitamin K1 cofactor for the carboxylation reaction. The coumarin-sensitive DT-diaphorase (EC.1.6.99.2) in human liver appears to play a relatively minor role in the dehydrogenase pathway. However, similar to rat liver, the human liver contains a warfarin-insensitive enzyme in this dehydrogenase pathway. The data suggest that this enzyme is responsible for the antidotic effect of vitamin K1 in cases of coumarin intoxication. Human vitamin K epoxide reductase, which constitutes the other pathway for vitamin K1 reduction, has kinetic and enzymological characteristics that are very similar to the rat enzyme. This enzyme exhibited similar activity in rat and human microsomes. Initial velocities for vitamin K1 epoxide reduction in rat and human microsomes were 20 and 32 pmol/mg X min, respectively. The human enzyme is highly sensitive to warfarin inhibition. The mechanism for this inhibition appears to be similar to what has been proposed for the rat enzyme. Also, a vitamin K-dependent carboxylation system is described that allows both pathways to support the carboxylation reaction with reduced vitamin K1 cofactor. The effect of warfarin on this in vitro system is consistent with the current model for the mechanism of action of coumarin anticoagulant drugs in the rat.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BIOMARKERS AND SUBSEQUENT MAJOR ADVERSE CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS AFTER ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: A HORIZONS-AMI SUBSTUDY
Authors: Bernhard Witzenbichler, Gregg W. Stone, Bimmer E. Claessen, Bruce R. Brodie, Witold Ruzyllo, Giulio Guagliumi, Jochen Wöhrle, Kurt Huber, Janusz Kochman, Krzysztof Zmudka, Franz Hartmann, Irene Apostolidou, George Syros, Selene Leon, Roxana Mehran, George D. Dangas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Obstructive biliary ascariasis with cholangitis and hepatic abscesses in Laos: A case report with gall bladder ultrasound video
Authors: Günther Slesak, Pathmani Phanthavong, Oroth Rasphone, Khonesavanh Luangxay, Phouvana Anoulakkham, Vongvilay Pahatsalang, Bandit Soumphonphakdy, Jon A. White, Paul N. Newton
Journal: Journal of Infection (2007)
Case 48-1974
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Betty U. McNeely, Ashby C. Moncure, Stanley J. Robboy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Presentation of CaseA 56-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of pain in the left calf.He was well until five weeks previously, when he noticed pain and swelling in the right calf and came to the hospital. Examination disclosed enlargement of the right calf and a positive Homans sign. A phlebogram (Fig. 1) showed multiple intraluminal defects within the deep veins in the right calf; the external iliac vein was patent. The hematocrit was 38 per cent. Heparin and warfarin were given, and he was discharged on the ninth hospital day on warfarin therapy. Eight days before . . .
Management of childhood urinary tract infection in family practice.
Authors: J McAloon, J Jenkins, J Lim
Journal: BMJ (1984)

To find out to what extent doctors appreciate the potential damage that bacteriuria may cause, we sent questionnaires to 195 family practitioners and trainees in one health board in Northern Ireland. The results of the survey showed that, though doctors seemed to be aware of the risk of renal disease, this was not reflected in practice.
The effect of zinc on hydroxyapatite-mediated activation of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils and bone implant-associated acute inflammation
Authors: Frédéric Velard, Dominique Laurent-Maquin, Julien Braux, Christine Guillaume, Sylvie Bouthors, Edouard Jallot, Jean-Marie Nedelec, Abderrazzaq Belaaouaj, Patrice Laquerriere
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Problems, Progress and Possibilities
Authors: Heather O Dickinson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Eds Roger W Byard, Henry F Kraus 

Arnold, £57.50, pp 353

ISBN 0 340 75917 8

Rating: ![Graphic][1] ![Graphic][2] 

The history of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) has elements of high drama: tragedy, media hyperbole, squabbling scientists, suspicions of murder … and King Solomon ordering a living baby to be cut in two. Anecdote and association masquerade as science. Filicide and genetics slug it out. This panorama is reflected in the impassioned and disparate views of the pathologists, parents, paediatricians, and epidemiologists who contribute to this uneven volume.

   ![][3] 

What is SIDS? Debate …

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Postprocedural Aortic Regurgitation in Balloon-Expandable and Self-Expandable Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Procedures
Authors: Eric Van Belle, Françis Juthier, Sophie Susen, André Vincentelli, Bernard Iung, Jean Dallongeville, Hélène Eltchaninoff, Marc Laskar, Pascal Leprince, Michel Lievre, Carlo Banfi, Jean-Luc Auffray, Cedric Delhaye, Patrick Donzeau-Gouge, Karine Chevreul, Jean Fajadet, Alain Leguerrier, Alain Prat, Martine Gilard, Emmanuel Teiger
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Significant postprocedural aortic regurgitation (AR) is observed in 10% to 20% of cases after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). The prognostic value and the predictors of such a complication in balloon-expandable (BE) and self-expandable (SE) TAVR remain unclear.TAVR was performed in 3195 consecutive patients at 34 hospitals. Postprocedural transthoracic echocardiography was performed in 2769 (92%) patients of the eligible population, and these patients constituted the study group. Median follow-up was 306 days (Q1-Q3=178-490). BE and SE devices were implanted in 67.6% (n=1872) and 32.4% (n=897). Delivery was femoral (75.3%) or nonfemoral (24.7%). A postprocedural AR≥grade 2 was observed in 15.8% and was more frequent in SE (21.5%) than in BE-TAVR (13.0%, P=0.0001). Extensive multivariable analysis confirmed that the use of a SE device was one of the most powerful independent predictors of postprocedural AR≥grade 2. For BE-TAVR, 8 independent predictors of postprocedural AR≥grade 2 were identified including femoral delivery (P=0.04), larger aortic annulus (P=0.0004), and smaller prosthesis diameter (P=0.0001). For SE-TAVR, 2 independent predictors were identified including femoral delivery(P=0.0001). Aortic annulus and prosthesis diameter were not predictors of postprocedural AR for SE-TAVR. A postprocedural AR≥grade 2, but not a postprocedural AR=grade 1, was a strong independent predictor of 1-year mortality for BE (hazard ratio=2.50; P=0.0001) and SE-TAVR (hazard ratio=2.11; P=0.0001). Although postprocedural AR≥grade 2 was well tolerated in patients with AR≥grade 2 at baseline (1-year mortality=7%), it was associated with a very high mortality in other subgroups: renal failure (43%), AR<grade 2 at baseline (31%), low transaortic gradient (35%), or nonfemoral delivery (45%).Postprocedural AR≥grade 2 was observed in 15.8% of successful TAVR and was the strongest independent predictor of 1-year mortality. The use of the SE device was a powerful independent predictor of postprocedural AR≥grade 2.
UTILITY AND COST ANALYSIS OF THE D-DIMER ASSAY IN DIAGNOSIS OF PULMONARY EMBOLISM USING COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHIC ANGIOGRAPHY IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
Authors: Almois Mohamad, Saloni Tanna, Gyanendra Sharma, Mahendra Mandawat, John Thornton, Nilam Patel, Vincent Robinson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Emergence of brown adipocytes in white fat in mice is under genetic control. Effects on body weight and adiposity.
Authors: C Guerra, R A Koza, H Yamashita, K Walsh, L P Kozak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

The mRNA levels for the mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP1) in fat tissues of A/J and C57BL/6J inbred strains of mice varied in a regional-specific manner after stimulation of adrenergic signaling by cold exposure or treatment with a beta3-adrenergic agonist. While the differences between strains were minimal in interscapular brown fat, large differences occurred in white fat tissues, particularly in retroperitoneal fat. Among the AXB recombinant inbred strains, the Ucp1 mRNA levels varied up to 130-fold. This large induction at the mRNA level was accompanied by a corresponding increase in brown adipocytes as revealed by immunohistology with anti-UCP1 antibodies. A high capacity to induce brown fat in areas of traditional white fat had no impact on the ability to gain weight in response to high fat and sucrose diets, but did correlate with the loss of weight in response to treatment with a beta3-adrenergic agonist (CL 316,243). This genetic variation in mice provides an experimental approach to identify genes controlling the induction of brown adipocytes in white fat tissues.
Hyperhomocystinemia in patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, central retinal artery occlusion, and central retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Pazit Pianka, Yehoshua Almog, Oran Man, Michaela Goldstein, Ben-Ami Sela, Anat Loewenstein
Journal: Ophthalmology (2000)
Differential Diagnosis of Polyuria
Authors: G L Robertson
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1988)

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a syndrome characterized by chronic polyuria and polydipsia. It can result from any of three basic defects: (a) inadequate urinary concentration caused by a deficiency in the secretion or action of the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin (neurogenic or nephrogenic DI), or excessive intake of water caused by a defect in (b) thirst or (c) psychological function (dipsogenic or psychogenic DI). These four types of DI can be differentiated clinically only if they present in a complete and classical form. However, more sophisticated diagnostic approaches involving assays of plasma vasopressin or closely monitored trials of antidiuretic therapy usually are necessary when the patient has mild or incomplete defects in thirst or vasopressin function. Accurate diagnostic differentiation among the four basic types of DI is essential not only for safe and effective management but also for a proper understanding of the basic physiology and pathophysiology of water homeostasis.
Prominent Howell‐Jolly bodies when megaloblastic anemia develops in a hyposplenic patient
Authors: Barbara J Bain
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2014)

A middle aged female with refractory autoimmune thrombocytopenia, post-splenectomy, was prescribed azathioprine as an immunosuppressive agent. She then developed anemia and macrocytosis. Her thrombocytopenia persisted. Her blood count showed: white cell count 8.1 x 109/l, hemoglobin concentration 95 g/l, mean cell volume 109 fl and platelet count 23 x 109/l. Her blood film showed macrocytosis, oval macrocytes, elliptocytes and occasional erythroblasts and myelocytes. However, the most striking feature was the presence of numerous Howell-Jolly bodies (images). This is a feature of megaloblastic hemopoiesis in a hyposplenic patient. In this patient the megaloblastosis was the result of azathioprine therapy. Similar blood films can be seen when patients with celiac disease with splenic atrophy develop folic acid or vitamin B12 deficiency. In the past these morphological features were also sometimes observed when a total gastrectomy and splenectomy were performed in a patient with carcinoma of the stomach with no replacement vitamin B12 therapy being given. The formation of numerous Howell-Jolly bodies occurs as a dyserythropoietic feature observed in megaloblastic anemia. In the absence of a spleen, these red cell inclusions are not removed and they become very prominent in the blood film.
Fatal Hypokalaemic Alkalosis with Tetany During Liquorice and P.A.S. Therapy
Authors: N. J. Roussak
Journal: BMJ (1952)

CHILDREN IX no inquiry had been made about the administration of mercury compounds at the first interview with the parents, so that the possibility th-at mercury was the cause of the nephrosis would not have come to light had our suspicions not been previously aroused.Our experience with Case 3shows that a considerable amount of mercury may remain in the body for long periods and that more than one course of dimercaprol may be necessary to eliminate it adequately.If the treatment with dimercaprol is instituted promptly com- plete recovery of renal function is possible.Cast 4 shows that in some cases spontaneous recovery may occur when the intake of mercury is stopped, though its excretion may continue for relatively long periods.On the other hand, Case 5, in which no dimercaprol was given, proved fatal.In view of these findings we urge that mercury compounds should be eliminated from all teething powders and that other mercury compounds, such as grey pills, be used with care, and prolonged administration be avoided in young children.Teething powders not containing mercury are free of the risks we have described. SummaryFive cases of mercury nephrosis are described.Com- plete recovery in a sbort period in three cases treated with dimercaprol is reported.Of two cases not treated with dimercaprol one patient r:covered and one died.We are indebted to the resident medical and nursing staffs who have cared for these children while in hospital, to Miss J. Summerscales for assistance with the mercury estimations, and to Miss P. M. Gorse for routine biochemistry in some of the cases.