tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Registry for Angiofollicular Lymph Node Hyperplasia
Authors: DENNIS D. WEISENBURGER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 January 1985Registry for Angiofollicular Lymph Node HyperplasiaDENNIS D. WEISENBURGER, M.D., DAVID T. PURTILO, M.D.DENNIS D. WEISENBURGER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, DAVID T. PURTILO, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-102-1-132_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: A registry of cases of localized and multicentric angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia has been established at the University of Nebraska Medical Center. The localized form (Castleman's disease) is thought to be a benign process that occurs as solitary lymphoid mass in young patients (median age, 23.5 years). These patients are usually cured of the disorder by local excision of the mass.Recently, a multicentric form of angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia with significant patient morbidity and mortality has been reported (1, 2). Patients with the multicentric form are generally older (median age, 56 years) and frequently have constitutional...References1. FRIZZERABANKSMASSARELLIROSAI GPGJ. A systemic lymphoproliferative disorder with the morphologic features of Castleman's disease. Am J Surg Pathol. 1983;7:211-31. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. WEISENBURGERNATHWANIWINBERGRAPPAPORT DBCH. Multicentric angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia: a clinicopathologic study of 16 cases. Hum Pathol. 1985. (In press). CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE 68105 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1985Volume 102, Issue 1Page: 132-132KeywordsLymph nodesMorbidityMortality Issue Published: 1 January 1985 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Polymorphism of the β<sub>2</sub>-Adrenergic Receptor Gene and Desensitization in Human Airway Smooth Muscle
Authors: PAUL E. MOORE, JOHANNE D. LAPORTE, JOSEPH H. ABRAHAM, IGOR N. SCHWARTZMAN, CHANDRI N. YANDAVA, ERIC S. SILVERMAN, JEFFREY M. DRAZEN, MATTHEW P. WAND, REYNOLD A. PANETTIERI, STEPHANIE A. SHORE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

We examined the influence of two common polymorphic forms of the β2-adrenergic receptor ( β2AR): the Gly16 and Glu27 alleles, on acute and long-term β2AR desensitization in human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells. In cells from 15 individuals, considered without respect to genotype, pretreatment with Isoproterenol (ISO) at 10− 7 M for 1 h or 24 h caused approximately 25% and 64% decreases in the ability of subsequent ISO (10− 6 M) stimulation to reduce HASM cell stiffness as measured by magnetic twisting cytometry. Similar results were obtained with ISO-induced cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as the outcome indicator. Data were then stratified post hoc by genotype. Cells containing at least one Glu27 allele (equivalent to presence of the Gly16Glu27 haplotype) showed significantly greater acute desensitization than did cells with no Glu27 allele, whether ISO-induced cell stiffness (34% versus 19%, p < 0.03) or cAMP formation (58% versus 11%, p < 0.02) was measured. Likewise, cells with any Glu27 allele showed greater long-term desensitization of cell stiffness and cAMP formation responses than did cells without the Glu27 allele. The distribution of genotypes limited direct conclusions about the influence of the Gly16 allele. However, presence of the Gly16Gln27 haplotype was associated with less acute and long-term desensitization of ISO-induced cAMP formation than was seen in cells without the Gly16Gln27 haplotype (14% versus 47%, p < 0.09 for short-term desensitization; 32% versus 84%, p < 0.01 for long-term desensitization), suggesting that the influence of Glu27 is not through its association with Gly16. The Glu27 allele was in strong linkage disequilibrium with the Arg19 allele, a polymorphic form of the β2AR upstream peptide of the 5 ′ -leader cistron of the β2AR, and this polymorphism in the β2AR 5 ′ -flanking region may explain the effects of the Glu27 allele. Cells with any Arg19 allele showed significantly greater acute and long-term desensitization of ISO-induced cAMP formation than did cells without the Arg19 allele (54% versus 2%, p < 0.01 for short-term desensitization; 73% versus 35%, p < 0.05 for long-term desensitization). Similar results were obtained for ISO-induced changes in cell stiffness. Thus, the presence of the Glu27 allele is associated with increased acute and long-term desensitization in HASM.
Scintigraphic Demonstration of an Ectopic Parathyroid Adenoma
Authors: EVA STATZ, ELIZABETH OATES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Dual isotope subtraction imaging is a well-accepted technique valuable in localizing not only cervical adenomas but also the relatively rare ectopic parathyroid adenomas. In this patient with hyperparathyroidism, the parathyroid scan demonstrated abnormal focal thallium uptake in an unusual mediastinal location, which correlated with a para-aortic mass seen on a CT scan. At surgery, ectopic parathyroid adenoma was proven.
Bureaucracy of purchaser-provider split delays treatment
Authors: I. Hutchison, P. Hardee, C. Barns
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor—Before the National Health Service and Community Care Act 1990 came into force,1 general practitioners were free to refer their patients to the consultant of their choice at any hospital. Our general practitioner referrals were categorised rapidly by medical staff as urgent, soon, or routine, and the clinic reception staff organised outpatient appointments generally within one week, two weeks, or 12 weeks, respectively, in our department.

Since that act came into force, a new bureaucracy has been created to deal with those referrals made by non-fundholding general practitioners to their first …
HAPTEN-CARRIER RELATIONSHIPS OF ISOANTIGENS
Authors: Raymond A. McBride, Louis W. Schierman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

In chickens, erythrocyte isoantigens have hapten-carrier relationships. Specific anticarrier antibody depresses the immune response to the carrier and enhances the immune response to the hapten. Antigenic determinants of "haptenic" isoantigens behave as carriers if they are coated with specific antibody. It is postulated that every humoral antibody response involves the cooperation of a carrier with a hapten and the progressive conversion by antibody of haptens to carriers. Thus a carrier is viewed as an antigenic determinant which is coated with antibody. The antibody-forming cell only synthesizes antibody to the uncoated haptenic determinants. The consequences of this interpretation for the development of immunological maturity and the secondary immune response are discussed.
Any questions: Why does rebound abdominal pain occur after anti-ulcer drugs are stopped?:
Authors: R G Long
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Our attempts to stop proton pump inhibitors and H2 antagonists in patients with dyspepsia (but not proved ulcers) are often associated with a rebound in abdominal pain. What are the likely causes of this? Are high gastrin concentrations (resulting from suppression of hydrochloric acid) likely to be important? 

The causes of non-ulcer dyspepsia are numerous, but the commonest cause associated with rapid relapse of symptoms is gastro-oesophageal reflux. Clinically, the epigastric pain is usually associated with symptoms of heartburn, regurgitation of acid, and increased oral flatulence. Such symptoms may occur without …
Response of pulmonary circulation to oral pirbuterol in chronic airflow obstruction.
Authors: A Peacock, C Busst, K Dawkins, D M Denison
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The effects of the oral beta agonist pirbuterol on pulmonary haemodynamics and gas exchange were studied in nine patients with severe irreversible airflow obstruction and moderate arterial hypoxaemia. After administration of 15 mg pirbuterol pulmonary vascular resistance fell by 19% but cardiac output rose by 24%, so that pulmonary arterial pressure showed no significant change. Systemic arterial oxygen pressure fell by 7%, limiting the rise in oxygen delivery to 21%. All changes were significant at the 2% level. These results show that pirbuterol dilates the pulmonary bed at the cost of a slight worsening of gas exchange, which is compensated by an independent rise in blood flow.
Subspecialty of oncoplastic breast surgery is needed to meet demand
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A new subspecialty of oncoplastic breast surgery is needed, a new report urges. The proposals would mean specialist training being shorter and starting earlier and that specialists would be available more quickly for a growing number of patients, says the report, in the Breast (2003;12:161-2).

An accompanying editorial by Professor Michael Baum welcomes the proposals as long overdue: “Over the last 15 years my subject has changed dramatically and along with this the technical challenge of onco-plastic surgery has emerged. Nowhere along the line did I have the opportunity for time out to train in plastic and reconstructive surgery, the one skill I would have needed to …
Effects of ozone and other pollutants on the pulmonary function of adult hikers.
Authors: S A Korrick, L M Neas, D W Dockery, D R Gold, G A Allen, L B Hill, K D Kimball, B A Rosner, F E Speizer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

This study evaluated the acute effects of ambient ozone (O3), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and strong aerosol acidity on the pulmonary function of exercising adults. During the summers of 1991 and 1992, volunteers (18-64 years of age) were solicited from hikers on Mt. Washington, New Hampshire. Volunteer nonsmokers with complete covariates (n = 530) had pulmonary function measured before and after their hikes. We calculated each hiker's posthike percentage change in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), the ratio of these two (FEV1/FVC), forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of FVC(FEF25-75%), and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Average O3 exposures ranged from 21 to 74 ppb. After adjustment for age,sex, smoking status (former versus never), history of asthma or wheeze, hours hiked, ambient temperature, and other covariates, there was a 2.6% decline in FEV1 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.4-4.7; p = 0.02] and a 2.2% decline in FVC (CI, 0.8-3.5; p =0.003) for each 50 ppb increment in mean O3. There were consistent associations of decrements in both FVC (0.4% decline; CI,0.2-0.6, p = 0.001) and PEFR (0.8% decline; CI, 0.01-1.6; p = 0.05) with PM2.5 and of decrements in PEFR (0.4% decline; CI, 0.1-0.7; p = 0.02) with strong aerosol acidity across the interquartile range of these exposures. Hikers with asthma or a history of wheeze (n = 40) had fourfold greater responsiveness to ozone than others. With prolonged outdoor exercise, low-level exposures to O3, PM2.5, and strong aerosol acidity were associated with significant effects on pulmonary function among adults. Hikers with a history of asthma or wheeze had significantly greater air pollution-related changes in pulmonary function.
Calcitonin Secretion in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: Robert D. Tiegs, Jean Jacques Body, Heinz W. Wahner, Joyce Barta, B.L. Riggs, Hunter Heath
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Calcitonin deficiency has been implicated in the pathogenesis of accelerated bone loss, especially in postmenopausal osteoporosis. To investigate this issue, we studied 25 patients with untreated postmenopausal osteoporosis, 14 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls (spinal bone mineral density ± age-specific and sex-specific mean), and 5 women who had undergone total thyroidectomy. Each subject received an intravenous infusion of 2 mg of elemental calcium per kilogram of body weight over 5 minutes, to test the C-cell secretory reserve. We measured calcitonin by radioimmunoassay in whole plasma and in silica-cartridge extracts of plasma, the latter method providing greatly improved sensitivity and specificity for monomeric calcitonin. Basal immunoreactive calcitonin concentrations, whether measured in whole plasma or in extracts, were significantly higher in the subjects with osteoporosis (P<0.01) than in the healthy controls. The calcitonin secretory reserve, as assessed by calcium stimulation, was normal in the osteoporotic group but virtually absent in the thyroidectomy group. We conclude that postmenopausal osteoporosis is not associated with and does not result from calcitonin deficiency. On the contrary, excessive skeletal calcium release may stimulate calcitonin secretion in patients with the disorder. (N Engl J Med 1985; 312: 1097–100.)
Rationing certainly exists in treatment for cancer
Authors: D. W Milligan
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Background/Aim: To evaluate cancer/testis (CT) antigens as targets for immunotherapy or vaccine approaches in prostate cancer. Patients and Methods: We investigated the antibody response in 181 patients with prostate cancer, 83 benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) patients, and 39 healthy donors against 13 different CT antigens recombinantly expressed on yeast surface (RAYS) and compared the results to antigen expression in tumor tissue. We then used the yeast clone expressing the most promising antigen directly as a vaccine to elicit potent cellular immunity. Results: The antibody response to NY-ESO-1 was more frequent (20%) and strong compared to other investigated antigens, and was associated with progressive disease. Interestingly, it was also detected in several BPH patients (9%). Feeding dendritic cells with NY-ESO-1-expressing yeast cells resulted in efficient HLA presentation and activation of specific CD3<sup>+</sup> T-cells. Conclusion: The RAYS approach offers a fast means of analyzing serological autoreacitvity in cancer patients and serves as an effective anticancer vaccine platform.
Early Surgical Treatment of Valvular Endocarditis
Authors: Benson R. Wilcox
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Three patients with valvular destruction secondary to bacterial endocarditis were treated by early valvular replacement. Operative intervention prior to completion of the conventional prolonged course of antibiotic therapy was necessitated by hemodynamic collapse in two patients and by drug resistance in a third patient. Six weeks after valve replacement in the patient in case 1, he successfully underwent left pneumonectomy for carcinoma of the lung. Following surgery, the three patients are doing well, with no evidence of infection or congestive heart failure.
Prednisolone plus chlorambucil preserved renal function in membranous nephropathy
Authors: Giuseppe Remuzzi, Piero Ruggenenti
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

ACP Journal Club21 May 2013Prednisolone plus chlorambucil preserved renal function in membranous nephropathyGiuseppe Remuzzi, MD, FRCP, Piero Ruggenenti, MDGiuseppe Remuzzi, MD, FRCPIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri” (IRCCS), Bergamo, Italy (G.R., P.R.)Search for more papers by this author, Piero Ruggenenti, MDIstituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri” (IRCCS), Bergamo, Italy (G.R., P.R.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-158-10-201305210-02009 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationHowman A, Chapman TL, Langdon MM, et al. Immunosuppression for progressive membranous nephropathy: a UK randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2013: 381:744-51. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23312808Clinical Impact RatingsNephrology: References1 Perna A, Schieppati A, Zamora J, et al. Immunosuppressive treatment for idiopathic membranous nephropathy: a systematic review. Am J Kidney Dis. 2004;44:385-401. [PMID: 15332211] Google Scholar2 Ruggenenti P, Cravedi P, Chianca A, et al. Rituximab in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012;23:1416-25. [PMID: 22822077] Google Scholar3 Waldman M, Austin HA 3rd. Treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012;23:1617-30. [PMID: 22859855] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri” (IRCCS), Bergamo, Italy (G.R., P.R.)This article was published at Annals.org on 7 May 2013. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 May 2013Volume 158, Issue 10Page: JC9KeywordsAntibodiesCreatinineDrugsProteinuriaRenal failureResearch fundingStatinsSteroidsUrine ePublished: 21 May 2013 Issue Published: 21 May 2013 CopyrightCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
FDA halts gene therapy trials after leukaemia case in France
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Introduction/Background</h3> Little is known about the relationship between tumor reductive surgery and quality of life in patients diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). It is therefore unclear whether it is the surgery or the disease itself that is the main factor affecting the patients' quality of life. Engaging the user perspective ensures focus on areas considered relevant and important by patients. The aim of the current study was to examine information requested and perceived about tumor reductive surgery in patients with newly diagnosed EOC. <h3>Methodology</h3> Participants were recruited through the The Norwegian National Gynaecological Patient Organization. They had all received surgical treatment for advanced ovarian cancer at Norwegian hospitals. Focus for the group discussions was to explore the experiences of surgery in women treated for advanced EOC. One focus group was formed and discussions were moderated by members of the research team using a semi-structured interview format. A total of three sessions with this focus group were planned. The focus group discussions were audiotaped and transcribed, and a meaning condensation analysis was performed. Preliminary findings were shared with the participants for validation before further analysis. <h3>Results</h3> Five women were asked and agreed to participate in the focus group discussions. The women had different experiences going through surgery and chemotherapy, but their experiences led to two major themes: communication gap between the time of diagnosis and surgery, and insufficient information given about surgical side-effects. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The interviews revealed weaknesses in information given before treatment of advanced ovarian cancer. Guidelines on how to inform the patients should include user-involved research. <h3>Disclosure</h3> Nothing to disclose.
Genome-Wide Study Of Interaction Between Season Of Birth and Peanut Allergy Identifies a Region On Chromosome 3 As a Genetic Risk Factor
Authors: Corinne Keet, Xiumei Hong, Ingo Ruczinski, Terri H. Beaty, Jacqueline Pongracic, Xiaobin Wang
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Predictive role of capsule endoscopy on the insertion route of double-balloon enteroscopy
Authors: X. Li, H. Chen, J. Dai, Y. Gao, Z. Ge
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Background and study aims: Double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) has been suggested to be more efficient if based on the results of screening video capsule endoscopy (VCE). We evaluated the utility of VCE for predicting the best insertion route of DBE for the evaluation and treatment of small-bowel lesions.
Selective inhibition of human T cell cytotoxicity at levels of target recognition or initiation of lysis by monoclonal OKT3 and Leu-2a antibodies.
Authors: U Landegren, U Ramstedt, I Axberg, M Ullberg, M Jondal, H Wigzell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

Out of a panel of seven monoclonal antibodies with affinity for human lymphoid cells, three were shown to prevent cytotoxic T cell activity, whereas none affected natural killer cell activity when applied without complement. Anti-OKT3 and anti-Leu-2a, with affinity for all T cells and the cytotoxic/suppressive subset, respectively were both shown to inhibit T killing by their interaction with the effector cell. For anti-OKT3, the inhibition remained after free antibody was washed away. Anti-Leu-2a, in contrast, induced a rapidly reversible inhibition. Using a single cell assay, anti-OKT3 was shown to reduce the lytic ability without affecting target cell binding, whereas anti-Leu-2a prevented the effectors from binding target cells.
Emerging roles of interferon-stimulated genes in the innate immune response to hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Mun-Teng Wong, Steve S-L Chen
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2014)

Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV), a major viral cause of chronic liver disease, frequently progresses to steatosis and cirrhosis, which can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV infection strongly induces host responses, such as the activation of the unfolded protein response, autophagy and the innate immune response. Upon HCV infection, the host induces the interferon (IFN)-mediated frontline defense to limit virus replication. Conversely, HCV employs diverse strategies to escape host innate immune surveillance. Type I IFN elicits its antiviral actions by inducing a wide array of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which these ISGs participate in IFN-mediated anti-HCV actions remain largely unknown. In this review, we first outline the signaling pathways known to be involved in the production of type I IFN and ISGs and the tactics that HCV uses to subvert innate immunity. Then, we summarize the effector mechanisms of scaffold ISGs known to modulate IFN function in HCV replication. We also highlight the potential functions of emerging ISGs, which were identified from genome-wide siRNA screens, in HCV replication. Finally, we discuss the functions of several cellular determinants critical for regulating host immunity in HCV replication. This review will provide a basis for understanding the complexity and functionality of the pleiotropic IFN system in HCV infection. Elucidation of the specificity and the mode of action of these emerging ISGs will also help to identify novel cellular targets against which effective HCV therapeutics can be developed.