tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Menstrual Cycle and Surgical Treatment of Breast Cancer: Findings From the NCCTG N9431 Study
Authors: Clive S. Grant, James N. Ingle, Vera J. Suman, Daniel A. Dumesic, D. Lawrence Wickerham, Richard D. Gelber, Patrick J. Flynn, Lorna M. Weir, Mattia Intra, Wayne O. Jones, Edith A. Perez, Lynn C. Hartmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Purpose For nearly two decades, multiple retrospective reports, small prospective studies, and meta-analyses have arrived at conflicting results regarding the value of timing surgical intervention for breast cancer on the basis of menstrual cycle phase. We present the results of a multi–cooperative group, prospective, observational trial of menstrual cycle phase and outcome after breast cancer surgery, led by the North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG) in collaboration with the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG). Patients and Methods Premenopausal women age 18 to 55 years, who were interviewed for menstrual history and who were surgically treated for stages I to II breast cancer, had serum drawn within 1 day of surgery for estradiol, progesterone, and luteinizing hormone levels. Menstrual history and hormone levels were used to determine menstrual phase: luteal, follicular, and other. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were determined by Kaplan-Meier method and were compared by using the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard modeling. Results Of 1,118 women initially enrolled, 834 women comprised the study cohort: 230 (28%) in luteal phase; 363 (44%) in follicular phase; and 241 grouped as other. During a median follow-up of 6.6 years, and in analysis that accounted for nodal disease, estrogen receptor status, adjuvant radiation therapy or chemotherapy, neither DFS nor OS differed with respect to menstrual phase. The 5-year DFS rates were 82.7%, 82.1%, and 79.2% for follicular, luteal, or other phases, respectively. Corresponding OS survival rates were 91.9%, 92.2%, and 91.8%, respectively. Conclusion When menstrual cycle phases were strictly defined, neither DFS nor OS differed between women who underwent surgery during the follicular phase versus the luteal phase. Nearly 30% of the patients did not meet criteria for either follicular- or luteal-phase categories.
Science, medicine, and the future: Treating joint damage in young people
Authors: George Bentley, Tom Minas
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Nearly a quarter of all severe ligament or capsular knee injuries that result in a haemarthrosis are associated with cartilage damage.1 2 Breakdown of the cartilage from trauma or disease results in severe pain and disability and may progress to early osteoarthritis. In young patients this cannot be treated by joint replacement because of the risks of early loosening and “wearing out” of the prosthesis after about 10 years. This article details some of the new techniques that are being developed to restore painless joint function and possibly prevent osteoarthritis.

Our review is based on our personal experience of laboratory and clinical methods of repair of articular cartilage and a review of relevant current literature. We also included studies assessing outcome, the economics of surgery, and patients' quality of life and data from the proceedings of specialist societies.

The articular cartilage that lines joints is tough and resilient. It is essentially composed of a type II collagen sponge supported by water held in place by proteoglycans produced by the chondrocytes embedded in the matrix. The collagen fibres are firmly embedded in the subchondral bone, giving stability to the cartilage. The fibres are arranged as overlapping leaves arising from the subchondral bone that rise to the surface and then bend over to form arches. The proteoglycans and cells are embedded within the collagen fibres (fig 1).



Fig 1. 
Spatial relations of collagen, proteoglycans, and cells in cartilage



Proteoglycans are long chain polysaccharides linked to hyaluronate that are negatively charged and hold water within the cartilage by osmotic pressure, thus maintaining the tension of the collagen mesh. However, if the proteoglycans are damaged by trauma or by other agents such as enzymes in inflammatory disease or infection then the proteoglycan structure disintegrates and the water holding capacity is lost, and progressive breakdown …
The optimal slice thickness for left ventricular volume calculation
Authors: Wei Cui, Takeshi Kondo, Takahisa Sato, Hirofumi Anno, Ida Yoshihiro, Masayoshi Sarai, Hitoshi Shinozaki, Satoshi Kakizawa, Kouji Sugiura, Keita Oshima, Kazuhiro Katada, Hitoshi Hishida
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
A Hospital Outbreak of Serratia marcescens Associated with Ultrasonic Nebulizers
Authors: ROBERT E. RINGROSE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

A sevenfold increase in the frequency of isolation of Serratia marcescens was noted during a 2-month period. Nineteen patients were involved, and the majority of these patients acquired the organism during hospitalization. Two of the patients had signs and symptoms of definite infection. Seven others probably had infections, and the remainder appeared to have had simple colonization. All 19 patients had associated medical conditions or prior therapy. S. marcescens should be considered pathogenic for man, especially in the presence of underlying disease, antibiotic, or immunosuppressive therapy. The probable source of the outbreak was contaminated ultrasonic nebulizers. The previous routine of cleansing ultrasonic nebulizers was not adequate for removal of S. marcescens. Ultrasonic nebulizers should be considered another potenital method of transmitting gram-negative organisms.
1032-124 Coronary microvascular dysfunction and long-term left ventricular remodeling in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Iacopo Olivotto, Franco Cecchi, Roberto Gistri, Roberto Lorenzoni, Giampaolo Chiriatti, Daniela Vargiu, Paolo G Camici
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Coincidental outbreak of methicillin‐resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation unit
Authors: Osamu Imataki, Atsushi Makimoto, Shingo Kato, Takahiro Bannai, Naomi Numa, Yoko Nukui, Yuji Morisawa, Toshihiko Ishida, Masahiro Kami, Takahiro Fukuda, Shin‐ichiro Mori, Ryuji Tanosaki, Yoichi Takaue
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common nosocomial pathogens among hospital-acquired infections, and immunocompromised patients are highly susceptive to infection. The molecular typing of isolated strains is a common method for tracing an outbreak of MRSA, but experience with this approach is still limited in the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) ward.We experienced 6 cases of MRSA infection/colonization in our 26-bed HSCT ward during a 4-week period. This unusual outbreak strongly suggested that the same MRSA strain was involved despite strict isolation and aseptic patient care. Clarification of the transmission pattern was critical, and we applied pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) assays for evaluation.In four of the six cases, the pattern of bands examined by PFGE and AFLP analyses supported the idea that direct person-to-person transmission was very unlikely and the outbreak was coincidental. This experience highlights the clinical value of molecular typing methods for the clinical epidemiological assessment of MRSA outbreak.
Surgical Site Infection: Still a Common Problem
Authors: William G. Cheadle
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Cyclophosphamide enhances immunity by modulating the balance of dendritic cell subsets in lymphoid organs
Authors: Takeshi Nakahara, Hiroshi Uchi, Alexander M. Lesokhin, Francesca Avogadri, Gabrielle A. Rizzuto, Daniel Hirschhorn-Cymerman, Katherine S. Panageas, Taha Merghoub, Jedd D. Wolchok, Alan N. Houghton
Journal: Blood (2010)
THE RESPIRATION AND CYTOCHROME OXIDASE ACTIVITY OF RAT AORTA IN EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Marie M. Daly, E. Gambetta Gurpide
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

Oxygen consumption and cytochrome oxidase activity of aortas of rats with experimental hypertension were found to be higher than the corresponding values for aortas of normotensive animals. The higher metabolic activity of aortas of hypertensive animals appeared to be due both to an increase in the proportion of muscle cells to connective tissue fibers and to a higher activity of the intracellular portion of the tissue.
The Phenotypic and Genotypic Spectra of Ichthyosis With Confetti Plus Novel Genetic Variation in the 3′ End of<i>KRT10</i>
Authors: Iris Spoerri, Michela Brena, Julie De Mesmaeker, Nina Schlipf, Judith Fischer, Gianluca Tadini, Peter H. Itin, Bettina Burger
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Ichthyosis with confetti (IWC) is a genodermatosis caused by dominant negative mutations in the gene encoding keratin 10 (KRT10). We investigated clinical and genetic details of a substantial number of patients with IWC in order to define major and minor criteria for diagnosis of this rare disorder.Parallel clinical investigation of 6 patients with IWC revealed a novel spectrum of phenotypes. We found several features that qualify as major criteria for diagnosis, which are clearly and consistently associated with the condition. These included malformation of ears, hypoplasia of mammillae, and dorsal acral hypertrichosis. Genetic analysis of patients revealed several different frameshift mutations in intron 6 or exon 7 of KRT10. Analysis of this locus in 17 unrelated control individuals revealed 2 novel polymorphisms of KRT10.We present for the first time to our knowledge the spectrum of clinical variability of IWC in 6 patients with confirmed mutations in KRT10. From this, we have extracted major and minor criteria to aid early and correct clinical diagnosis. Ectodermal malformations, present in all patients, suggest a novel classification of IWC as a syndrome. There is remarkable genetic variation at the IWC disease locus within control individuals from the general population.
Caught on the wrong foot
Authors: T E Ormerod
Journal: BMJ (2003)

After I qualified in 1947 and had done my two house jobs I was called for national service, being previously deferred while at medical school. I was posted to Bovington Camp in Dorset, and so started two years of medical stagnation. After the hectic year in hospital it was a great comedown to be treating minor ailments of fit young men, half of them anxious to avoid guard duties.

Each month the War Office sent us a questionnaire asking about the numbers of infectious diseases and deaths, the condition of the swimming pool, morale, and so on. The last question asked about research, and every month we answered “None.”

> The plates were covered and overflowing with fungus growths of all shades and shapes 

One of our main duties was to examine soldiers returning from the Far East and certify them fit before they were demobbed. Most were indeed fit, except that they all had athlete's foot. One week we were sent an advertisement for Asterol cream that claimed a revolution in the treatment of …
TUBERCULOSIS AND INSURANCE.
Authors: E. FLETCHER INGALS
Journal: JAMA (1900)

This subject, in order to be thoroughly discussed, must be considered from two standpoints, which are almost diametrically opposed to each other and which can, therefore, hardly be treated fairly by one individual. The two sides of the case relate to the business and the benevolent features. From my standpoint as a holder of several policies in mutual companies, I am necessarily more interested in the business aspect. Although I highly appreciate the benefits that might follow to many widows and orphans from a benevolent, or perhaps I might say a charitable, management of these great trusts, nevertheless, we must all admit the wisdom of the rule, "never mix business and charity." I take it therefore that what is for the best interests of the company itself, and for the best interests of the thousands who are insured in mutual companies, is really what will be the greatest good to
Ocular injuries from boxing.
Authors: A. Whiteson
Journal: BMJ (1992)

ground.2Damage to the mitral valve may occur when the heart is violently compressed at the end ofdiastole, when the left ventricle is full.'This may cause rupture of the chordae tendineae or papillary muscles or damage to the valve leaflets themselves.4In severe cases symptoms may occur directly after the injury, but in some cases they may be delayed for several years.'Our patient's posterior mitral valve prolapse was probably due to damage to the chordae tendineae sustained during the crush at the football ground.Such cases have medicolegal implications as mitral valve surgery may become necessary.
Sally Clark freed after appeal court quashes her convictions
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Sally Clark, the British solicitor convicted three years ago of murdering two of her babies, was freed last week by the Court of Appeal.

Mrs Clark, who had already lost one appeal, had her case referred back to the appeal court after her defence team discovered microbiology results obtained by Alan Williams, the Home Office pathologist who carried out the postmortem examination on her second son, Harry. The findings had not been disclosed to police, prosecutors, defence lawyers, or the other doctors in the case.

She was charged with murder after Harry died aged 8 weeks in January 1998, in circumstances which were strikingly similar to …
What to Treat in Felty's Syndrome
Authors: William H. Crosby
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Felty's syndrome originally was chronic rheumatoid arthritis, splenomegaly, and granulocytopenia. Other attributes have since come to be associated with it. Mild or moderate anemia and thrombocytopenia persist in most patients. A hypercellular marrow usually indicates that the low cell counts in the blood are provoking increased production. Of more serious concern is the ofttimes association of serious infection and sometimes indolent ulcers of the legs, buttocks, mouth, and even of the cornea. The combination of granulocytopenia and infection has evoked a natural assumption of cause and effect, but the assumption may not be valid. Although the leukocyte counts are low, plenty of "polys" reach the places where they are needed. An important factor in evaluating clinical importance of any granulocytopenia is the presence of polys outside the blood.<sup>1</sup>To look for them make a smear of nasal secretions. In Felty's syndrome the polys are there, outside the blood. The
The microbial basis of inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Sushila R. Dalal, Eugene B. Chang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic, progressive diseases characterized by aberrant immune responses to environmental and gut microbial triggers in genetically susceptible hosts. Clinical, genetic, and experimental data support the role of gut microbes in causing and sustaining these diseases. Our understanding of IBD has changed dramatically as the result of advances in cultivation-independent approaches and computational platforms for the analysis of large data sets. However, investigations relevant to clinical observations and the natural history of the diseases will be essential for the development of microbial, genetic, and biological metrics that may be used to individualize assessment of risk and improve clinical outcomes in IBD.
Solitary giant xanthogranuloma and benign cephalic histiocytosis — variants of juvenile xanthogranuloma
Authors: B.G. ZRLGER, B. ZELGER, H. STEINER, G. MIKUZ
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Journal Article Solitary giant xanthogranuloma and benign cephalic histiocytosis — variants of juvenile xanthogranuloma Get access B.G. ZRLGER, B.G. ZRLGER Department of Pathology, University of Insbruck Müllerstrasse 44, A‐6020. Innsbruck. Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. ZELGER, B. ZELGER Department of Dermatology, University of Insbruck Müllerstrasse 44, A‐6020. Innsbruck. Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. STEINER, H. STEINER Department of Pathology, University of Insbruck Müllerstrasse 44, A‐6020. Innsbruck. Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. MIKUZ G. MIKUZ Department of Pathology, University of Insbruck Müllerstrasse 44, A‐6020. Innsbruck. Austria Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 133, Issue 4, 1 October 1995, Pages 598–604, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb02712.x Published: 01 October 1995 Article history Accepted: 23 September 1994 Published: 01 October 1995
Persistent Phenothiazine Dyskinesia Treated with Tetrabenazine
Authors: R. B. Godwin-Austen, T. Clark
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Six patients with persistent phenothiazine dyskinesia were treated in a double-blind controlled trial with tetrabenazine 100 mg in divided dosage. In three patients the abnormal movements were abolished and in two others there was some improvement, but this was no greater than that achieved with the diazepam control. Tetrabenazine may be useful in the treatment of some patients with persistent phenothiazine dyskinesia.
Comparison of Ultrastructural Cytotoxic Effects of Carbon and Carbon/Iron Particulates on Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages
Authors: John F. Long, W. James Waldman, Robert Kristovich, Marshall Williams, Deborah Knight, Prabir K. Dutta
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the presence of iron in carbon particulates enhances ultrastructural perturbation in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) after phagocytosis. We used 1-microm synthetic carbon-based particulates, designed to simulate environmental particulates of mass median aerodynamic diameter < or = 2.5 microm (PM2.5). Cultures of human MDMs or T-lymphocytes (as a nonphagocytic control) were exposed to carbon or carbon/iron particulates for various time periods and examined by transmission electron microscopy for ultrastructural changes. T-cells failed to internalize either of the particulates and showed no organelle or nuclear changes. Conversely, MDMs avidly phagocytized the particulates. MDMs treated with C particulates exhibited morphologic evidence of macrophage activation but no evidence of lysis of organelles. In contrast, MDMs treated with C/Fe particulates exhibited coalescence of particulate-containing lysosomes. This phenomenon was not observed in the case of C particulates. By 24 hr there was a tendency of the C/Fe particulates to agglomerate into loose or compact clusters. Surrounding the compact C/Fe agglomerates was a uniform zone of nearly total organelle lysis. The lytic changes diminished in proportion to the distance from the agglomerate. In such cells, the nucleus showed loss of chromatin. Although C particles induced no detectable oxidative burst on treated MDMs, C/Fe particles induced a nearly 5-fold increase in the extracellular oxidative burst by treated MDMs compared with untreated controls. Iron bound to C particles catalyzed the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to generate hydroxyl radicals. Results of these studies suggest that, among particulates of similar size, biologic activity can vary profoundly as a function of particulate physicochemical properties.
Surviving malaria, dying of typhoid
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

Short-lived red blood cells (RBCs) might save you from malaria, but the iron that they dump out could kill you in other ways, say Roy et al. (page 2949). The extra iron seems to feed the bug that causes typhoid fever.






Figure 1

Extra iron (blue) in the livers of Pklr-defective mice (top) makes them more susceptible than normal mice (bottom) to Salmonella infections.




Typhoid fever, which is caused by Salmonella, can be cured easily in most patients with simple antibiotics. But infected individuals who also suffer from sickle cell anemia or β-thalassemia—genetic diseases that lead to dysfunctional RBCs—find it harder to beat the bug. The new study by Roy et al. now explains why anemic humans make good hosts for Salmonella.

The team had previously identified a mouse strain that was vulnerable to Salmonella even though it lacked the known predisposing mutations. They now find that these mice carry a mutation in a pyruvate kinase (Pklr) gene that oversees ATP generation in RBCs.

This mutation shortens RBC life span and makes mice resistant to malaria parasites, which need the RBCs to replicate. But the authors found that those fast-dying RBCs dumped their iron into the mice livers, where Salmonella reproduce. Iron is used by Salmonella to proliferate and survive, and the extra boon might speed their replication in Pklr-defective mice. Normal mice given a high iron diet were also killed easily by Salmonella.

The mutant mice, which were anemic to begin with, had even fewer RBCs after Salmonella infection set in. The bone marrow normally responds to anemia by manufacturing more RBCs. But with all that iron tied up in the liver, RBC proliferation in the bone marrow might be dampened. The generation of new RBCs may be further muted by the inflammatory response to the infection, which includes cytokines that block RBC proliferation and activated macrophages that phagocytose mature RBCs.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia associated with bone marrow fibrosis: Possible role of interleukin 1α in the pathogenesis
Authors: Akiro Kimura, Hideo Hyodo, Yoshio Nakata, Atsushi Kuramoto
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

Abstract B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B‐CLL) associated with bone marrow fibrosis is described. The conditioned medium of the CLL cells contained a high quantity of interleukin 1α (IL‐1α), and showed growth promoting activity for marrow fibroblasts which was partially inhibited by anti IL‐1α antibody. In addition, the conditioned medium as well as IL‐1α stimulated the growth of marrow fibroblasts from the patient. These results strongly suggested the marrow fibrosis occurred by the secretion of IL‐1α from the CLL cells and its growth stimulation of marrow fibroblasts. As far as we know, this is the first case in which B‐CLL was associated with marrow fibrosis, and its mechanism was investigated.