tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Validity and Safety of Sputum Induction by Inhaled Uridine 5 ′ -Triphosphate
Authors: JUN TAMAOKI, MITSUKO KONDO, HISATOSHI KURODA, KAZUTETSU AOSHIBA, KIYOSHI TAKEYAMA, JUNKO NAKATA, ATSUSHI NAGAI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Inhalation of hypertonic saline during sputum induction causes bronchoconstriction. We studied the validity and safety of sputum induction by uridine 5 ′ -triphosphate (UTP). Sputum was induced by a 5-min inhalation of hypertonic saline (3%) on Day 1 and UTP (5 mg/ml in 0.9% saline) on Days 8 and 15 in 16 healthy subjects and 16 patients with mild-to-moderate asthma. Inhaled UTP produced twofold greater amounts of sputum than did hypertonic saline. There were significant differences in oxygen desaturation and bronchoconstriction during the procedure between the two methods: the maximal fall in SaO2 , the AUC of the SaO2 -time response, and the fall in PEF were less in the subjects who received UTP than in those who received hypertonic saline. Sputum total cell and differential cell counts, with a high proportion of eosinophils in asthmatics, were similar between specimens obtained by hypertonic saline and UTP. When we compared two consecutive measurements on the UTP-induced sputum samples, the reproducibility calculated by the intraclass correlation coefficient was high for the proportion of eosinophils, neutrophils, and macrophages. Therefore, inhalation of UTP aerosols may provide an effective, relatively noninvasive, valid, and reproducible method of sputum induction for the assessment of airway inflammation in asthma.Keywords: uridine triphosphate; induced sputum; airway inflammation; bronchoconstriction; asthma
A 6.4 Mb Duplication of the α-Synuclein Locus Causing Frontotemporal Dementia and Parkinsonism
Authors: Eleanna Kara, Aoife P. Kiely, Christos Proukakis, Nicola Giffin, Seth Love, Jason Hehir, Khadija Rantell, Amelie Pandraud, Dena G. Hernandez, Elizabeth Nacheva, Alan M. Pittman, Mike A. Nalls, Andrew B. Singleton, Tamas Revesz, Kailash P. Bhatia, Niall Quinn, John Hardy, Janice L. Holton, Henry Houlden
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

α-Synuclein (SNCA) locus duplications are associated with variable clinical features and reduced penetrance but the reasons underlying this variability are unknown.
A Proposal for the Cutoff Point of Waist Circumference for the Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome in the Japanese Population
Authors: K. Hara
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Over the past 2 decades, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of subjects with the metabolic syndrome in Japan as well as in Western countries. Because subjects with the metabolic syndrome have an elevated risk of development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (1–3), there is an urgent need to establish strategies to prevent an epidemic of this syndrome. In particular, a practical and sensitive screening system must be established to detect the metabolic syndrome. At present, there are two internationally recognized definitions of the metabolic syndrome, namely those of the World Health Organization (4) and the National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP III) (5). In an attempt to establish a unified definition for the metabolic syndrome, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) has very recently announced a new definition of the metabolic syndrome that is expected to be suitable for use in clinical practice worldwide (6). The IDF defines metabolic syndrome as the presence of central obesity plus any two of the following four factors (raised triglyceride level, reduced HDL cholesterol, raised blood pressure, and raised fasting plasma glucose). The IDF recommended that the cutoff level used for the waist circumference to define central obesity should be different among different ethnic groups (7). In fact, the new IDF definition has proposed ethnicity-specific cutoff values for waist circumference, namely, 94 and 80 cm for European men and women, respectively, and 85 and 90 …
Torsades de pointes complicating treatment with terfenadine.
Authors: T J MacConnell, A J Stanners
Journal: BMJ (1991)

s letter with admiration for his purpose and sadness at the stereotyped reality he rightly denotes.'Recently, in the course of a clinic, after I had politely introduced myself a patient strongly objected that I was not the doctor he was there to see.He indicated the small piece of paper given to him at the clinic reception, which clearly specified "Dr Reg."This anonymity exemplifies the lack of com- mitment to non-consultant doctors that is evident through all grades.As a way of working it not only devalues "junior doctors" but, worse, fails best to serve patients, who are often left confused about whom they have been sent to see and deceived at not being seen by a "senior doctor."There should be a list of doctors working in each department on display for patients to see, and the doors of consulting rooms should be clearly labelled with each doctor's name and seniority.The juniorsenior divide needs to be carefully scrutinised.After all, whose side are we on?
Long-Term Anatomic Fate of Coronary-Artery Bypass Grafts and Functional Status of Patients Five Years after Operation
Authors: Stuart F. Seides, Jeffrey S. Borer, Kenneth M. Kent, Douglas R. Rosing, Charles L. McIntosh, Stephen E. Epstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

To assess long-term results, coronary and graft angiography was performed 53 to 84 months after operation in 22 of 30 consecutive patients who had undergone coronary-artery bypass grafting before 1973, and who had at least one graft patent at an early (three to nine months) postoperative study. Of the 33 grafts, 31 were patent at late study. All patients had severe symptoms before operation. Of 16 who became asymptomatic early after operation, angina pectoris later redeveloped in 11. Progression of disease in ungrafted vessels accounted for symptomatic deterioration in nine of these 11 patients. We conclude that most grafts patent several months after operation remain so for at least 4 1/2 years, and that although most patients improve symptomatically after operation, symptomatic deterioration is common in the succeeding years and is most often due to progression of disease in ungrafted vessels.
The p63/p73 network mediates chemosensitivity to cisplatin in a biologically defined subset of primary breast cancers
Authors: Chee-Onn Leong, Nick Vidnovic, Maurice Phillip DeYoung, Dennis Sgroi, Leif W. Ellisen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Breast cancers lacking estrogen and progesterone receptor expression and Her2 amplification exhibit distinct gene expression profiles and clinical features, and they comprise the majority of BRCA1-associated tumors. Here we demonstrated that the p53 family member p63 controls a pathway for p73-dependent cisplatin sensitivity specific to these “triple-negative” tumors. In vivo, ΔNp63 and TAp73 isoforms were coexpressed exclusively within a subset of triple-negative primary breast cancers that commonly exhibited mutational inactivation of p53. The ΔNp63α isoform promoted survival of breast cancer cells by binding TAp73 and thereby inhibiting its proapoptotic activity. Consequently, inhibition of p63 by RNA interference led to TAp73-dependent induction of proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members and apoptosis. Breast cancer cells expressing ΔNp63α and TAp73 exhibited cisplatin sensitivity that was uniquely dependent on TAp73. Thus, in response to treatment with cisplatin, but not other chemotherapeutic agents, TAp73 underwent c-Abl–dependent phosphorylation, which promoted dissociation of the ΔNp63α/TAp73 protein complex, TAp73-dependent transcription of proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members, and apoptosis. These findings define p63 as a survival factor in a subset of breast cancers; furthermore, they provide what we believe to be a novel mechanism for cisplatin sensitivity in these triple-negative cancers, and they suggest that such cancers may share the cisplatin sensitivity of BRCA1-associated tumors.
INFECTIOUS CATARRH OF MICE
Authors: John B. Nelson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1937)

Evidence is presented that the etiology of infectious murine catarrh is specifically referable to the coccobacilliform bodies. The disease was regularly produced in normal mice by the nasal instillation of primary tissue cultures. In the presence of the X bacillus, transfers of primary cultures were usually uninfective. Pure cultures, however, retained their pathogenicity through as many as 12 transfers. The onset and progress of the experimental disease were somewhat retarded in comparison with the natural disease, but in general there was a close parallel. Mice injected with cultures did, however, show a significant decrease in the incidence of rhinitis. Transmission by direct contact was demonstrated in the presence of a rhinitis but not in its absence.
Trends in the Use of Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection in the United States
Authors: Tarun Jain, Ruchi S. Gupta
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was initially developed as part of in vitro fertilization (IVF) to treat male-factor infertility. However, despite the added cost, uncertain efficacy, and potential risks of ICSI, its use has been extended to include some patients without documented male-factor infertility.We analyzed national data on assisted reproductive technology reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, to determine temporal trends in the use of ICSI and IVF in the United States, and we examined differences in the use of ICSI between states with and those without mandated insurance coverage.From 1995 to 2004, the number of fertility clinics and fresh-embryo cycles and the rates of IVF-related pregnancies and live births increased. The percentage of IVF cycles with the use of ICSI also increased dramatically (from 11.0% to 57.5%), while the percentage of diagnoses of infertility attributed to male-factor conditions remained stable. The ratio of ICSI procedures to diagnoses of male-factor infertility steadily increased each year, suggesting an increasing use of ICSI for conditions other than male-factor infertility. From 1999 to 2004, there was an increasing use of ICSI relative to the percentage of patients with male-factor infertility in states with and those without mandated insurance coverage. For any given year, however, states with insurance coverage had a higher ratio of ICSI use to diagnoses of male-factor infertility than did states without insurance coverage (P<0.001).Since 1995, the use of ICSI in the United States has increased dramatically, while the proportion of patients receiving treatment for male-factor infertility has remained stable. State-mandated health insurance coverage for IVF services is associated with greater use of ICSI for infertility that is not attributed to male-factor conditions.
MULTIPLE MYELOMA: A HISTOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF SIX CASES
Authors: Henry A. Christian
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1907)

A histological study of six cases of myeloma shows a striking similarity of cell structure with differences of minor degree. The common characteristics of the cells are a finely granular, slightly basophilic cytoplasm, an eccentrically placed nucleus, a nucleolus, centrosomes, a nuclear membrane and a tendency to mural arrangement of the chromatin. With these characteristics there is a greater resemblance of the tumor cells to bone marrow plasma cells than to myelocytes. In most of the cases reported by other observers the cells show these characteristics and these tumors form a group within which the cells of individual cases show no greater variation than occurs in other tumor groups.
Ophthalmologists: Their General and Special Contributions
Authors: Lawrence R. Dame
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

THIS attempt to review the contributions of ophthalmologists will try to avoid items that are solely of clinical interest; instead, reference will be made to the activities and events that were of professional and community value to the physician's fellow citizens. To present such a broad coverage and to relate it to the seventy-five years of the New England Ophthalmological Society would require the mythologie giant's seven-leagued boots, but I intend also to refer to the ophthalmologic interests that preceded the formation of the Society. My mythical boots must therefore touch as lightly and as rapidly as those of a . . .
Absence of natural killer cells in a child with pure red blood cell aplasia
Authors: Ayala Abrahamov, Michael Schlesinger
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract A 16‐year old boy was known to suffer from red blood cell (RBC) aplasia from the age of 4 years. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from the patient were found to lack natural killer (NK) cytotoxic activity, even after stimulation with α‐interferon. His PBL also lacked Leu‐7 + and Leu‐11 + cells, although his granulocytes showed normal expression of the Leu‐11 marker. The lack of NK cells did not seem to result from the various immunosuppressive treatments he received, since the NK deficiency was noted 2 years after he stopped receiving such treatment. The possibility is discussed that lack of NK cells may lead to the development of RBS aplasia if NK cells play a role in promoting the production of RBC.
Is There an Inherited General Susceptibility to Cancer?
Authors: Thorkild I.A. Sørensen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

In the past few years, studies in molecular genetics have improved our understanding of familial cancer and enriched our knowledge of carcinogenesis. In one kind of familial cancer, the same specific type of cancer occurs in excess, usually at a younger age than in the general population.1 Some types are rare cancers with mendelian inheritance — for example, bilateral retinoblastoma in childhood and early colon cancer in familial adenomatous polyposis. Other cancers are more common, such as breast, ovarian, and colon cancers, which may, but usually do not, aggregate in families. In another kind of familial cancer, different types of . . .
Spleen endothelial cells from patients with myelofibrosis harbor the JAK2V617F mutation
Authors: Vittorio Rosti, Laura Villani, Roberta Riboni, Valentina Poletto, Elisa Bonetti, Lorenzo Tozzi, Gaetano Bergamaschi, Paolo Catarsi, Elena Dallera, Francesca Novara, Margherita Massa, Rita Campanelli, Gabriela Fois, Benedetta Peruzzi, Marco Lucioni, Paola Guglielmelli, Alessandro Pancrazzi, Giacomo Fiandrino, Orsetta Zuffardi, Umberto Magrini, Marco Paulli, Alessandro M. Vannucchi, Giovanni Barosi
Journal: Blood (2012)
Maharishi Ayur-Veda
Authors: Herbert A. Nieburg
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> — I am writing in response to the article on Maharishi Ayur-Veda written by Sharma et al.<sup>1</sup> It was surprising for me to open my weekly issue of<i>JAMA</i>and discover the article written about a practice that has clearly been identified as cultic practice. (I am a psychotherapist who specializes in dealing with individuals who are involved with cults.) While I cannot comment on the medical component of the article, I certainly wish to comment on the psychosocial aspects of the article and the movement. Cults are generally identified by the presence of a living leader, exploitation (financial and sexual being the most common), deception, thought reform, and coercive mind control. In addition, we have knowledge that prolonged and intense periods of meditation (especially in vulnerable individuals) can lead to severe and exacerbated psychopathology. Looseness of associations, sleep deprivation, loosening of ego boundaries, and disintegration
Randomised placebo-controlled double-blind trial of two dosages of sodium cromoglycate in treatment of varioliform gastritis: comparison with cimetidine.
Authors: C Andre, J Gillon, B Moulinier, A Martin, M C Fargier
Journal: Gut (1982)

Eighteen patients with diffuse varioliform gastritis were enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of sodium cromoglycate, 200 mg a day, and sodium cromoglycate, 400 mg a day, for 28 days. An additional six patients were treated with cimetidine 1 g daily for 28 days. The improvement in terms of patient9s subjective assessment, endoscopic assessment, and immunohistochemical measurements of IgE cells in the mucosa was significantly greater in patients given sodium cromoglycate than that in those given cimetidine or placebo. The results provide evidence that type 1 hypersensitivity plays some part in the pathogenesis of varioliform gastritis. It is, therefore, important to differentiate this condition from other types of gastritis, as treatment with sodium cromoglycate appears to be affective.
SIMPLE DEVICES FOR EFFECTIVE ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION IN EMERGENCIES
Authors: S. J. MELTZER
Journal: JAMA (1913)

In a preliminary note,<sup>1</sup>about a year ago, I described a simple method of artificial respiration which proved efficient in animals. The method consisted in driving air rhythmically by bellows through a tube which has been introduced into the pharynx. The plan of this method was based on the following considerations. Air under pressure in the pharynx has four outlets. It may escape by way of the nasopharynx through the nose. It may escape through the mouth. It may escape through the esophagus into the stomach. It may finally enter into the trachea and the lungs; when it enters there with sufficient force, it causes an inspiration. To obtain an efficient insufflation of air from the pharynx into the lungs, the other exits must be satisfactorily barricaded. In the method described under the name of pharyngeal insufflation the escape of air through the mouth was effectively reduced by pressure
The effect of metoclopramide on gastroduodenal and gallbladder contractions
Authors: A. G. Johnson
Journal: Gut (1971)

The effect of metoclopramide on gastroduodenal and gallbladder contractions in the dog has been studied. It increased the strength of antral contractions and produced stronger, more regular, duodenal contractions; these tended to follow those of the antrum, providing evidence of the dominance of antral contraction rate over that of the duodenum. In the absence of spontaneous antral activity, there was little effect on either stomach or duodenum and this was not related to the type of anaesthetic used. There was no effect on the gallbladder when it was relaxed or submaximally stimulated with cholecystokinin/pancreozymin. Further evidence has been obtained that metoclopramide acts by enhancing the local effect of acetylcholine on gastric smooth muscle. These findings provide a satisfactory mechanism for most of the observed clinical effects.
Patients should have to opt out of national electronic care recordsFORAGAINST
Authors: Nigel Watson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<i>Although some aspects of the NHS care record service have a broad consensus agreement, issues of consent and security are dividing health professionals, the public, and the national programme for information technology. Nigel Watson believes his experience of opting out shows it to be the most workable option, but John Halamka uses a US model to argue that opting in is the only way to ensure confidentiality</i>
Anti-laminin autoantibodies in collagen vascular diseases: the use of adequate controls in studies of autoimmune responses to laminin.
Authors: D E Cohen, L D Kaufman, A A Varma, J R Seibold, M Stiller, B L Gruber
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

To determine the significance of anti-laminin antibodies in patients with collagen vascular diseases using a large control population of normal individuals.Anti-laminin antibodies of IgG isotypes were determined using an ELISA assay in a population consisting of 73 patients with systemic sclerosis, 10 with urticarial vasculitis, five with leukocytoclastic vasculitis, 13 with giant cell arteritis, and eight with dermatomyositis. Sera from 134 healthy individuals served as controls.Only eight sera in the systemic sclerosis group, one in the leukocytoclastic group and one in the giant cell arteritis group were abnormal. No other sera were abnormal.These data contradict previous studies using smaller numbers of controls. The necessity for an adequate control population to define abnormal when comparing immune responses among groups is frequently under-emphasised in rheumatological studies.
Chloroquine enhances human CD8<b>+</b> T cell responses against soluble antigens in vivo
Authors: Daniele Accapezzato, Vincenzo Visco, Vittorio Francavilla, Caroline Molette, Tiziana Donato, Marino Paroli, Mario U. Mondelli, Margherita Doria, Maria Rosaria Torrisi, Vincenzo Barnaba
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2005)

The presentation of exogenous protein antigens in a major histocompatibility complex class I–restricted fashion to CD8+ T cells is called cross-presentation. We demonstrate that cross-presentation of soluble viral antigens (derived from hepatitis C virus [HCV], hepatitis B virus [HBV], or human immunodeficiency virus) to specific CD8+ T cell clones is dramatically improved when antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) are pulsed with the antigen in the presence of chloroquine or ammonium chloride, which reduce acidification of the endocytic system. The export of soluble antigen into the cytosol is considerably higher in chloroquine-treated than in untreated DCs, as detected by confocal microscopy of cultured cells and Western blot analysis comparing endocytic and cytosolic fractions. To pursue our findings in an in vivo setting, we boosted groups of HBV vaccine responder individuals with a further dose of hepatitis B envelope protein vaccine with or without a single dose of chloroquine. Although all individuals showed a boost in antibody titers to HBV, six of nine individuals who were administered chloroquine showed a substantial CD8+ T cell response to HBV antigen, whereas zero of eight without chloroquine lacked a CD8 response. Our results suggest that chloroquine treatment improves CD8 immunity during vaccination.
An evaluation of the mini-Wright peak flow meter.
Authors: W H Perks, I P Tams, D A Thompson, K Prowse
Journal: Thorax (1979)

The mini-Wright peak flow meter (MPFM) has been evaluated, and the results obtained from it show a strong positive correlation (r=0.970) with the Wright9s peak flow meter (PFM). MPFM measurements, however, were biased to be about 38 1/min higher than PFM measurements (95% confidence limits 31.01/min to 45.01/min). Between instrument variation was found (F--ratio 3.67 with 9 and 81 degrees of freedom: P less than 0.001). In practice this did not appreciably affect individual measurements greatly as 95% confidence limits on any individual measurements were increased from +/-24 1/min to +/-27 1/min. There was no significant day-to-day variability in measurements obtained with individual instruments. The MPFM is a pocket-sized, simple, cheap, and robust instrument for following changes in ventilatory function. In clinical trails and surveys, however, both the bias in favour of the MPFM compared to the PFM and inter-machine variation must be taken into account. As the manufacturers have altered the scale to remove the bias since this study was performed, it will be important to know whether the original or the modified meter is being used in future studies.
Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy for Patients with Physical Symptomatology
Authors: Peter E. Sifneos
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1984)

Findings of the effects of short-term anxiety-provoking psychotherapy (STAPP) on neurotic patients who also complain of physical symptoms without underlying pathology are presented in this paper. The criteria and clinical requirements of STAPP as well as nine outcome criteria used to assess improvement are briefly discussed. 14 out of 48 patients complained of physical symptoms in addition to other psychological difficulties. Out of 13 patients who were rated as 'recovered' or 'much better', the physical symptoms had disappeared in 5 and were 'much better' in 7, and a little better in 1. Only 1 patient was 'unchanged' psychologically and physically.