tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Xanthoma of the Skin
Authors: Richard M. Caplan
Journal: JAMA (1961)

ALTHOUGH xanthomas have been long recognized as clinical entities, it is only in relatively recent years that there has been delineation of the correlated metabolic and biochemical faults associated with these lesions. Now that refined and accurate lipid studies are available to practitioners in more hospital and clinic laboratories, much more precise definition of a patient's systemic lipid abnormality, if any, can be achieved.<sup>1</sup>When diagnosis and etiology are clarified, more specific and effective therapy is possible. These laboratory methods also enable us better to follow the progress of a patient or to assess the efficacy of any method of therapy. Among both basic science and clinical workers, there has been increasing interest in states of lipid abnormality, or dyslipidoses. This reflects in part our increasing concern with the problems of an aging population, especially in reference to arteriosclerosis and its attendant degenerative and atheromatous complications. Although xanthomas occur
Reply to Yoshida et al.
Authors: T. Iizuka
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

In the letter from Yoshida et al. entitled ”Successful salvage endoscopic mucosal resection for residual superficial hypopharyngeal carcinoma after chemoradiotherapy, with long-term survival,” the authors report the successful treatment of residual cancer with endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) after chemoradiotherapy for advanced hypopharyngeal cancer. This report suggests that salvage EMR might be a treatment option for residual or recurrent hypopharyngeal cancer after chemoradiotherapy, although only salvage surgery or chemotherapy have been the treatment options so far. Discussion about the efficacy and safety with an increased number of cases is needed; however, three issues are noted.
Effect of Nutritional Counseling on the Blood Glucose and Nutritional Knowledge of Diabetic Subjects
Authors: Hemraj B Chandalia, Jayshree Bagrodia
Journal: Diabetes Care (1979)

The nutritional knowledge and control of diabetes was assessed in 43 nonketosis-prone diabetic subjects. Patients were semiliterate or illiterate. They were exposed to a 1-h nutritional counseling program in groups of three to five. The nutritional counseling program was highly simplified and emphasized only a few important aspects of diabetic diet. Patients' nutritional knowledge improved significantly after nutritional counseling. The control of diabetes also improved significantly in those patients in whom control had been inadequate.
Relationship of cosmetic procedures and drug use to hepatitis C and hepatitis B virus infections in a low-risk population
Authors: Lu-Yu Hwang, Jennifer R. Kramer, Catherine Troisi, Lara Bull, Carolyn Z. Grimes, Rob Lyerla, Miriam J. Alter
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

We conducted an anonymous cross-sectional seroprevalence study of a population with a low frequency of injection drug use to determine whether persons with a history of cosmetic procedures, such as tattooing and body piercing, or intranasal drug use were at increased risk for hepatitis C virus (HCV) or hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Students 18 years and older from eight college campuses in Houston, Texas, were invited to participate in the study. Of the 7,960 who completed a self-administered questionnaire and provided a blood sample, 5,282 U.S.- or Canadian-born participants were analyzed. Their median age was 21, 62% were female, 42% were white, 26% black, 22% Hispanic, and 10% Asian or other. Two percent reported injection drug use, 13.7% intranasal drug use, 21.2% body piercings, and 25.2% tattoos. The overall prevalence of HCV infection was 0.9% and of HBV infection was 5.2%. Higher HCV prevalence was independently associated with increasing age (odds ratio [OR] per year = 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08-1.14), history of injection drug use (OR = 18.24; 95% CI = 7.74-42.92), blood transfusion before 1991 (OR = 3.21; 95% CI = 1.02-10.12), and incarceration (OR = 3.48; 95% CI = 1.45-8.37). Among 5,066 students who denied injecting drugs, HCV prevalence was 0.8% in those who reported intranasal drug use and 0.6% each in those who reported tattoos and those who reported body piercing. Increased HBV prevalence was associated with high-risk sexual behaviors and black or Asian race. In conclusion , there was no increased risk for HCV or HBV infection in low-risk adults based solely on history of cosmetic procedures or snorting drugs. However, proper infection control practices for cosmetic procedures should be followed, illegal drug use discouraged, and hepatitis B vaccination provided to adolescents and sexually active adults.
Effects of concurrent administration of lead, cadmium, and arsenic in the rat
Authors: Kathryn R. Mahaffey, Bruce A. Fowler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

Humans are exposed to a number of toxic elements in the environment; however, most experiments with laboratory animals investigate only one toxic element. To determine if concomitant exposure to lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and/or arsenic (As) modified the changes produced by any one metal in various parameters of toxicity, 168 male, Sprague-Dawley, young adult rats were fed nutritionally adequate diets to which had been added 0 or 200 ppm Pb as Pb acetate, or 50 ppm Cd as Cd chloride, or 50 ppm As as sodium arsenate or arsanilic acid in a factorial design for a period of 10 weeks. At these concentrations, Cd and As reduced weight gain even when differences in food intake were taken into account; administration of both Cd and As depressed weight gain more than did either metal alone. Pb did not adversely affect food consumption or weight gain. Increased numbers of red blood cells (RBCs) were observed following administration of Pb, Cd, or As; usually more cells were observed when two or three metals were administered, compared to individual metals. Despite increasing numbers of circulating RBCs, hemoglobin and hematocrit were reduced, especially with the Pb-Cd combination and the Cd-arsanilic acid combination. Specific effects of Pb on heme synthesis were observed, including increased urinary excretion of delta-aminolevulinic acid; this increase was reduced by the presence of dietary cadmium. Analyses of blood showed values for the laboratory rat within normal ranges for blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, cholesterol, calcium, albumin, total protein, and bilirubin. Uric acid was increased by Pb, with little modification by dietary Cd or As content. Serum glutamate-oxalate transaminase activity was reduced by As. Serum alkaline phosphatase was greatly reduced by either As or Cd but not Pb. Combinations of As and Cd did not further reduce the activity of this enzyme. Kidney weight and kidney weight/body weight ratios were increased by Pb alone, with no effects of Cd or As alone or as interactions. Liver weight/body weight ratios were reduced in animals fed 50 ppm dietary Cd. Kidney histology shows predominantly Pb effects, namely, intranuclear inclusion bodies and cloudy swelling. Ultrastructural evaluation of kidneys from Pb-treated animals disclosed nuclear inclusion bodies of the usual morphology and mitochondrial swelling. Concurrent administration of Cd greatly minimized Pb effects on the kidney under conditions of this experiment. Liver histology suggests an increased rate of cell turnover with either As compound, but few specific changes.
Maria Jozefa Hari Richard Garrett George Barry Roy Gibb Blues William Armstrong Davidson David Charles Fluck William Stanley Hill Fausto Iannotti Alan Oakley John William Gray McEwen John Marcus Stowers
Authors: A. Sutton, N V O'Donohoe, A. J L Davidson, P. N Davidson, N. Fluck, A. Crockard, M. Boll, P. Law, J D. Hunter, C. D Stowers
Journal: BMJ (2001)
Changing Over-the-Counter Drugs While Retaining the Brand Name
Authors: Michael Weintraub
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 June 1993Changing Over-the-Counter Drugs While Retaining the Brand NameMichael Weintraub, MDMichael Weintraub, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-12-199306150-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The letter was referred to both the FDA and the manufacturer for their response.IN RESPONSE:In 1972, the FDA began a review of over-the-counter drug products to assure their safety and effectiveness for the intended uses. As a result, many reformulations and relabelings of over-the-counter drug products were anticipated, and the agency said that it would not take legal action against over-the-counter drugs if the changes in the formulation or labeling would increase effectiveness without decreasing safety, or vice versa.In the Federal Register of 27 March 1974 (39 FR 11298), the agency published proposed regulations that required deletion ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Michael Weintraub, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 1993Volume 118, Issue 12Page: 988KeywordsDrug interactionsDrug regulationDrug safetyDrugsFood and Drug AdministrationPhenylephrinePrimary hypertensionSafetySuppositoryZinc ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 June 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
High-volume versus standard-volume haemofiltration for septic shock patients with acute kidney injury (IVOIRE study): a multicentre randomized controlled trial
Authors: Olivier Joannes-Boyau, Patrick M. Honoré, Paul Perez, Sean M. Bagshaw, Hubert Grand, Jean-Luc Canivet, Antoine Dewitte, Claire Flamens, Wilfried Pujol, Anne-Sophie Grandoulier, Catherine Fleureau, Rita Jacobs, Christophe Broux, Hervé Floch, Olivier Branchard, Stephane Franck, Hadrien Rozé, Vincent Collin, Willem Boer, Joachim Calderon, Bernard Gauche, Herbert D. Spapen, Gérard Janvier, Alexandre Ouattara
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)
Progress in Nursing Home Care
Authors: Franklin M. Foote
Journal: JAMA (1967)

By classifying nursing homes in five categories by services and resources available, and by tying payment for state patients to rates set in relation to this classification, one state has greatly improved the quality of care provided. Nursing, dietary, and medical services have been upgraded, and many more homes are providing other rehabilitative and therapeutic services. Now, after five years, there are more than five times as many beds in homes in the highest class and only one-fifth as many beds in the lowest category.
No evidence for serological autoimmunity to islet cell heat shock proteins in insulin dependent diabetes.
Authors: M A Atkinson, L A Holmes, D W Scharp, P E Lacy, N K Maclaren
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Recent studies in nonobese diabetic mice have implicated the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet cells with immunity to a beta cell protein cross-reactive to Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat shock protein 65 (hsp 65). Therefore, our studies examined serological immunity to islet cell hsp in humans with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD). Heat shock of human islet cells in vitro markedly increased the synthesis of proteins of 72,000, 75,000, and 90,000 Mr. No autoantibodies reactive to these hsp, nor to the constituently expressed islet cell hsp 65 protein (identified as 60,000 Mr) were observed in IDD patients. The islet cell 64,000-Mr autoantigen and hsp 65 proteins were physiologically and immunocompetitively distinct. These experiments do not support the hypothesis that IDD in humans is associated with autoimmunity to islet cell heat shock proteins.
1019. Enhanced Therapeutic Effects of Recombinant Adenovirus Ad-AFPΔ19, Selectively Replicating in α-Fetoprotein-Producing Human Liver Cancer Cells
Authors: Il-Kyu Choi, Dong Hyun Ko, Jaesung Kim, Ji-young Yoo, A-Rum Yoon, Min-Ju Kim, Joo Hyuk Sohn, Chae-Ok Yun, Joo-Hang Kim
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Alfa-feto protein (AFP) protein is expressed in 70-80% of patients with hepatocellular carcinomas but not in normal adult tissues. In this study, we evaluated the liver cancer-specific oncolytic potential of E1B 19kDa-deleted replicating adenoviruses, Ad-hAFP|[Delta]|19 and Ad-rAFP|[Delta]|19, which express E1A gene controlled by human AFP promoter and rat AFP promoter, respectively. Transient transfection study using luciferase indicated the selective activation of the AFP promoter only in human liver cancer cells secreting AFP. Next, we evaluated in vitro efficacy and specificity by comparing viral replication and cytopathic effect in AFP-positive (Huh7, HepG2, and Hep3B), AFP-negative (HeLa, A549, U343, and SK-Hep1) cancer cells and normal (BJ, Chang, IMR90) cells. Our results show that the viral replication and cytopathic effects of Ad-hAFP|[Delta]|19 and Ad-rAFP|[Delta]|19 were substantially lower in AFP-negative cancer and normal cells compared to that of AFP-positive cancer cells. Ad-hAFP|[Delta]|19 and Ad-rAFP|[Delta]|19 also replicated in and cytolyzed the AFP-positive cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. More importantly, Ad-hAFP|[Delta]|19 and Ad-rAFP|[Delta]|19 significantly inhibited the growth of established human hepatocellular carcinoma tumors. Taken together, these lines of evidence demonstrate that Ad-hAFP|[Delta]|19 and Ad-rAFP|[Delta]|19 hold a significant promise as an oncolytic agent in AFP-positive tumors.
Patients put their relationship with their doctors as second only to that with their families
Authors: S. Pincock
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The relationship between doctors and their patients has become less paternalistic and still holds a central and trusted place in society, a new international study has found. But its authors warn that, to keep that status, doctors will need to measure up to patients' higher expectations of care.



At the World Medical Association's annual general assembly in Helsinki this week, Mike Magee, the association's senior fellow in the humanities, described a study of the perceptions of 3707 …
The diagnosis of asthma, a clinical syndrome
Authors: Julian M Hopkin
Journal: Thorax (2012)

Clinical experience and now genetic data indicate that asthma is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome—clinical cases emerge, proceed and respond to treatments in different ways. Currently the diagnosis of asthma (as enunciated in national guidelines) is based on incisive clinical methods, supported by lung function testing that substantiates labile or reversible bronchial airflow obstruction. But this approach alone is insufficient to address the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges presented by asthma9s heterogeneity. This article contends that bronchial pathology (with molecular and morphologic analysis) should be adopted into the mainstream clinical practice of asthma so as to clarify the nature of the bronchial disorder in compliant patients not settling securely on moderate-dose inhaled corticosteroid. This would allow a differentiated approach to appropriate therapeutics—those already available and those yet to be developed.
Production of hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies against the lympholine osteoclast activating factor.
Authors: R A Luben, M A Mohler, G E Nedwin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

The human lympholine osteoclast activating factor (OAF) is thought to be involved in several bone-destroying diseases. The current studies were designed to produce monoclonal antibodies against OAF for use in the subsequent design of immunoassays for OAF in clinical samples. Spleen cells from mice immunized with purified human OAF were hybridized with mouse plasmacytoma cells in vitro to yield hybridomas. Several clones of these hybridomas secreted into the culture medium antibodies, which neutralized the biological activity of OAF at dilutions as high as 1:100,000 relative to the initial culture medium. These antibodies did not interfere with the activities of parathyroid hormone in the same systems. These results represent the first report of monoclonal antibodies against a human lympholine, and validate the concept that hybridoma production is a useful technique for developing antibodies against weak or scarce antigens.
Screening for Breast Cancer: How Effective Are Our Tests? A Critical Review
Authors: M. Moskowitz
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1983)

The primary goal of screening for breast cancer is to detect the disease at a smaller size and presumably earlier stage. A review of the literature is presented, which evaluates the ability of thermography, mammography, and clinical examination to lower the threshold size at detection and evaluate the predictive value of a positive test as compared with the prevalence of cancer existing in the population reported. We have found little evidence to indicate that clinical thermography lowers the stage at detection, and neither does a positive thermogram in screening seem to have a strong predictive value. Clinical examination can lower threshold over current threshold levels, but only at the expense of a very high biopsy rate. The data reported in the literature show that mammography can advance the stage at detection and have a reasonably high predictive value compared with the isoprobability baseline.
Effect of pentoxifylline on the inhibition of surfactant synthesis induced by TNF-alpha in human type II pneumocytes.
Authors: J L Balibrea-Cantero, J Arias-Diaz, C Garcia, J Torres-Melero, C Simon, J M Rodriguez, E Vara
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This study was designed to determine the effect of TNF-alpha and pentoxifylline (PTXF) on surfactant synthesis by isolated human type II pneumocytes. In order to isolate the pneumocytes, lungs obtained from both previously healthy multiple organ donors (n = 11) and patients who underwent surgical excision for lung cancer (n = 8) were used. Surfactant synthesis was measured by the incorporation of labeled glucose into the two most important phospholipid components of surfactant: phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylglycerol (PGL). The pneumocytes of the donor group showed a greater degree of PC synthesis than those from the cancer group (3.44 +/- 0.19 versus 2.15 +/- 01.5 pmol/micrograms protein, p < 0.001). The synthesis of PC by pneumocytes in both the donor (1.13 +/- 0.19 versus 3.44 +/- 0.19 pmol/micrograms protein, p < 0.01) and cancer (0.99 +/- 0.11 versus 2.15 +/- 0.15 pmol/micrograms protein, p < 0.01) groups was decreased by TNF-alpha (100 ng/ml). This effect was blocked by PTXF (100 micrograms/ml), a substance that also increased PC production in the control-group pneumocytes from cancer patients, the final PC levels being similar to those of the donors in the absence of TNF-alpha. These results suggest that one of the mechanisms of TNF-alpha participation in the pathophysiology of ARDS is inhibition of surfactant synthesis, and support the hypothesis of in vivo production of TNF-alpha in lung-cancer patients, with subsequent chronic exposure of the lung epithelial cells to this cytokine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
COMPARISON OF CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION VERSUS COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY IN EVALUATING MAJOR AORTOPULMOMARY COLLATERAL ARTERIES IN CHIDREN WITH PULMONARY ATRESIA AND VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT
Authors: Benjamin Joseph Toole, Matthew Crystal, Rajesh Krishnamurthy, Emmett McKenzie
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Synergistic targeting/prodrug strategies for intravesical drug delivery — Lectin-modified PLGA microparticles enhance cytotoxicity of stearoyl gemcitabine by contact-dependent transfer
Authors: L. Neutsch, E.-M. Wirth, S. Spijker, C. Pichl, H. Kählig, F. Gabor, M. Wirth
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
APOBEC3 signature mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: S Rebhandl, M Huemer, F J Gassner, N Zaborsky, D Hebenstreit, K Catakovic, E M Grössinger, R Greil, R Geisberger
Journal: Leukemia (2014)

As in the US study, we did not obtain information on the reasons for delaying treatment.Although the data were adjusted for most factors known to affect the outcome, we could not fully control for early complications such as infections, bleeding and organ failure, which could have delayed treatment initiation.In conclusion, we found that TTT affects the prognosis in both younger and older AML patients.Our results corroborate that intensive chemotherapy should be initiated as early as possible.In patients older than 60 years and especially in patients with sAML/tAML, delaying intensive treatment beyond day 5 seemed to have an adverse impact on survival.In these patients, cytogenetic analyses should be accelerated.In younger patients and older de novo patients, treatment can probably be delayed for up to 10 days without affecting the prognosis.
Abnormal hemoglobins in mauritius Island
Authors: Navaratnam Kotea, Rolande Ducrocq, Soondal K. Surrun, Rajendranath Ramaswamy, Nathalie Kok Shun, Sarajoni Jankee, Solange Lee Kwai Yan, Sanjay Beesoon, Dominique Labie, Rajagopal Krishnamoorthy, Ronald L. Nagel, Soorianarain Baligadoo
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)
Identification of Potential Leptospira Phosphoheptose Isomerase Inhibitors Through Virtual High-Throughput Screening
Authors: Amineni Umamaheswari, Dibyabhaba Pradhan, Marisetty Hemanthkumar
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2010)

Abstract The life-threatening infections caused by Leptospira serovars demand the need for designing anti-leptospirosis drugs. The present study encompasses exploring inhibitors against phosphoheptose isomerase (GmhA) of Leptospira, which is vital for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis and is identified as a common drug target through the subtractive genomic approach. GmhA model was built in Modeller 9v7. Structural refinement and energy minimization of the predicted model was carried out using Maestro 9.0. The refined model reliability was assessed through Procheck, ProSA, ProQ and Profile 3D. The substrate-based virtual high-throughput screening (VHTS) in Ligand.Info Meta-Database tool generated an in-house library of 354 substrate structural analogs. Furthermore, structure-based VHTS from the in-house library with different conformations of each ligand provided 14 novel competitive inhibitors. The model together with insight gained from the VHTS would be a promising starting point for developing anti-leptospirosis competitive inhibitors targeting LPS biosynthesis pathway.
Evaluation of Prognostic Criteria for Determining Hospice Eligibility in Patients With Advanced Lung, Heart, or Liver Disease
Authors: Ellen Fox, Kristen Landrum-McNiff, Zhenshao Zhong, Neal V. Dawson, Albert W. Wu, Joanne Lynn
Journal: JAMA (1999)

medicine and improvements in public health have enabled Americans to live longer and to survive potentially life-threatening events such as childbirth, infectious disease, and injury.A result of these advances has been the emergence of serious chronic diseases as a major pathway toward death.Among the most common chronic diseases are chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), congestive heart failure (CHF), and end-stage liver disease (ESLD).Together, these 3 diseases account for almost 2 million hospitalizations and more than 175 000 deaths annually. 1,25][6] As a result, many patients with COPD, CHF, or ESLD never experience a time during which they are