tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Calculating drug doses
Authors: L. Baldwin
Journal: BMJ (1995)

About 70-80% of undergraduates entering medical training in Britain have passed mathematics at A level, and virtually all will have passed the subject at O level. Yet, as Rolfe and Harper show, among a representative sample of 150 doctors asked to perform simple calculations converting drug doses from a percentage or dilution to mass per volume the success rate was as low as 16% (p 1173).1 The results showed that senior doctors (consultants and senior registrars) were better at calculating the correct answer, and anaesthetists were notably better. While these data seem to suggest a hierarchy in numerical skill among doctors, in terms of both age and specialty, clearly there are …
TCTAP A-040 Immediate &amp; Intermediate Follow-up of Percutaneous Treatment of Bifurcation Lesion Using Drug Eluting Stent for Main Branch and Drug Eluting Balloon for the Side Branch in Bifurcational Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Saad Mohamed AlKasab, Menwar Mutared Al Anazi, Ali Suliman Al Masood, Mohamed Saad Alkasab, Rida Mustafa Nourallah, Yahya Shelyan Al Hebaishi, Mohammed Ali Habbab, Abdullah Al Khushail
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Use of learning resources at McMaster University.
Authors: V R Neufeld, W B Spaulding
Journal: BMJ (1973)

To appreciate our first three years' experience with a range of learnig resources in the faculty of medicine at McMaster University in context it is necessary to understand the educa- tional foundation on which the programme is based.' 2 A list of these principles would include self-directed learning balanced by learning in a small group tutorial setting.For both environ- ments a wide range of learning resources are available.
Converging Genetic and Functional Brain Imaging Evidence Links Neuronal Excitability to Working Memory, Psychiatric Disease, and Brain Activity
Authors: Angela Heck, Matthias Fastenrath, Sandra Ackermann, Bianca Auschra, Horst Bickel, David Coynel, Leo Gschwind, Frank Jessen, Hanna Kaduszkiewicz, Wolfgang Maier, Annette Milnik, Michael Pentzek, Steffi G. Riedel-Heller, Stephan Ripke, Klara Spalek, Patrick Sullivan, Christian Vogler, Michael Wagner, Siegfried Weyerer, Steffen Wolfsgruber, Dominique J.-F. de Quervain, Andreas Papassotiropoulos
Journal: Neuron (2014)

Working memory, the capacity of actively maintaining task-relevant information during a cognitive task, is a heritable trait. Working memory deficits are characteristic for many psychiatric disorders. We performed genome-wide gene set enrichment analyses in multiple independent data sets of young and aged cognitively healthy subjects (n = 2,824) and in a large schizophrenia case-control sample (n = 32,143). The voltage-gated cation channel activity gene set, consisting of genes related to neuronal excitability, was robustly linked to performance in working memory-related tasks across ages and to schizophrenia. Functional brain imaging in 707 healthy participants linked this gene set also to working memory-related activity in the parietal cortex and the cerebellum. Gene set analyses may help to dissect the molecular underpinnings of cognitive dimensions, brain activity, and psychopathology.
Long-Term Survival After Treatment with Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin With and Without Paclitaxel Plus Secondary Surgery in Patients with Cisplatin-Refractory and/or Multiply Relapsed Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: Karin Oechsle, Christian Kollmannsberger, Friedemann Honecker, Frank Mayer, Cornelius F. Waller, Jörg T. Hartmann, Ina Boehlke, Carsten Bokemeyer
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Peter Alan Dupont
Authors: R. Knight
Journal: BMJ (2014)

I was house surgeon to Peter Alan Dupont’s registrar at King Edward’s Memorial Hospital, London W13, in 1968. Our lives were dominated by the provision of the surgical service: England was not then “in” the EU and the concept of working hours was just that—you worked.

As a student at St Mary’s, I had watched Peter in the Hospitals Cup and also when …
Immune complexes from immunized mice and infected cystic fibrosis patients mediate murine and human T cell killing of hybridomas producing protective, opsonic antibody to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Authors: G B Pier, S Takeda, M Grout, R B Markham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

We examined the basis for the absence in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients of opsonic antibodies to the mucoid exopolysaccharide (MEP) antigen surrounding Pseudomonas aeruginosa that infect these patients. Opsonic antibodies to MEP are found in sera of the minority of CF patients that remain noncolonized into the second to fourth decades of life and protect rodents from chronic P. aeruginosa endobronchial infections. High titers of nonopsonic antibodies to MEP are found in P. aeruginosa-infected CF patients. Immunization of mice with doses of MEP that provoke only nonopsonic antibodies elicited CD3+, CD8+, T cell receptor alpha beta receptor+, major histocompatibility complex-unrestricted cytotoxic lymphocytes specific for hybridoma cells producing opsonic but not nonopsonic antibodies. Cytotoxicity was dependent on immune complexes on the surface of the T cells. Normal murine T cells could be activated by concanavalin A and sensitized with immune complexes for cytotoxic killing of hybridoma targets. CF patients infected with P. aeruginosa had serum immune complexes that sensitized concanavalin A-activated human T cells to kill murine hybridoma cells producing opsonic but not nonopsonic antibody. These results could explain the absence in infected CF patients of MEP-specific opsonins, an occurrence that accompanies the persistence of this infectious state.
Radiological demonstration of colonic aphthoid ulcers in a patient with intestinal tuberculosis.
Authors: D L Carr-Locke, D B Finlay
Journal: Gut (1983)

The case is described of a young Asian woman with massive rectal haemorrhage during and after pregnancy. Barium radiology showed aphthoid ulcers in the colon and changes in the ileum suggesting tuberculosis. Colonoscopy revealed hyperplastic ulceration in the terminal ileum and culture of biopsies from this area grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The patient made a full and rapid recovery on anti-tuberculous therapy. Colonic aphthoid ulceration has not previously been recorded, radiologically, in intestinal tuberculosis.
Ear Wax and Host Defense
Authors: Newton E. Hyslop
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

The means by which the body defends itself against surface invaders has engaged the curiosity of generations of microbiologists and immunologists; the history of lysozyme is a singular example. Fleming's discovery of a substance in his nasal mucus capable of lysing colonies of certain environmental bacteria led him and others to a successful search for similar activity in egg white as well as in a variety of mammalian secretions. Its analogues were later detected in nearly all living things, ranging from bacteriophages to lysosomal granules of phagocytic cells. Within the past decade the primary amino acid sequences of representative lysozymes . . .
Explaining group-level traits requires distinguishing process from product
Authors: Karthik Panchanathan, Sarah Mathew, Charles Perreault
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract Smaldino is right to argue that we need a richer theory of group-level traits. He is wrong, however, in limiting group-level traits to units of cultural selection, which require explanations based on group selection. Traits are best understood when explanations focus on both process (i.e., selection) and product (i.e., adaptation). This approach can distinguish group-level traits that arise through within-group processes from those that arise through between-group processes.
Hemoglobin and Its Abnormalities
Authors: Carl V. Moore
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Several years ago, Ingram made the exciting discovery that substitution of one amino acid for another ( valine substituted for glutamic acid) in one of the peptide chains is apparently the only chemical difference between normal and sickle cell hemoglobin. The chemical nature of a gene mutation had thus been identified, and the strikingly different physical properties of sickle cell hemoglobin which are at least largely responsible for the clinical manifestations of sickle cell anemia were demonstrated to be the result of an amazingly small change in the molecule. Investigative interest in the electrophoretic recognition of abnormal hemoglobins and in the clinical study of the hemoglobinopathies was already intense, but additional groups of protein chemists and of biochemical geneticists now focused their research activities on hemoglobin. No one is more qualified than Ingram to review the resultant rapid accumulation of information. The book is divided into 2 parts. The first reviews
UK government rejects advice from drugs adviser to downgrade ecstasy
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The Home Office has vetoed a recommendation from the independent drug advisory body to downgrade ecstasy from a class A to class B drug, saying it is not prepared to send a message to young people that it takes ecstasy less seriously.

Ecstasy is currently a class A drug along with heroin, crack cocaine, cocaine, and lysergide (LSD). Anyone found supplying drugs of this category can face a sentence of life in prison. 

The Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs looked at more than 4000 papers for the first evidence based review into the effects of methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), commonly known as ecstasy, since the drug was classified in 1977. It said that ecstasy was no more dangerous than other amphetamines, which are class B drugs.

Alan Campbell, home office minister, said, “Ecstasy can and does kill unpredictably. The government has a duty to protect the public and …
Angiopoietin-1 Protects against Airway Inflammation and Hyperreactivity in Asthma
Authors: Davina C. M. Simoes, Theodoros Vassilakopoulos, Dimitrios Toumpanakis, Kalomira Petrochilou, Charis Roussos, Andreas Papapetropoulos
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

The angiopoietins (Ang) comprise a family of growth factors mainly known for their role in blood vessel formation and remodeling. The best-studied member, Ang-1, exhibits antiapoptotic and antiinflammatory effects. Although the involvement of Ang-1 in angiogenesis is well recognized, little information exists about its role in respiratory physiology and disease. On the basis of its ability to inhibit vascular permeability, adhesion molecule expression, and cytokine production, we hypothesized that Ang-1 administration might exert a protective role in asthma.To determine changes in the expression of Ang and to assess the ability of Ang-1 to prevent the histologic, biochemical, and functional changes observed in an animal model of asthma.To test our hypothesis, a model of allergic airway disease that develops after ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge was used.Ang-1 expression was reduced at the mRNA and protein levels in lung tissue of mice sensitized and challenged with OVA, leading to reduced Tie2 phosphorylation. Intranasal Ang-1 treatment prevented the OVA-induced eosinophilic lung infiltration, attenuated the increase in IL-5 and IL-13, and reduced eotaxin and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 expression. These antiinflammatory actions of Ang-1 coincided with higher levels of IkappaB and decreased nuclear factor-kappaB binding activity. More importantly, Ang-1 reversed the OVA-induced increase in tissue resistance and elastance, improving lung function.We conclude that Ang-1 levels are decreased in asthma and that administration of Ang-1 might be of therapeutic value because it prevents the increased responsiveness of the airways to constrictors and ameliorates inflammation.
Providing Impetus, Tools, and Guidance to Strengthen National Capacity for Antimicrobial Stewardship in Viet Nam
Authors: Heiman F. L. Wertheim, Arjun Chandna, Phu Dinh Vu, Ca Van Pham, Phong Dai Thi Nguyen, Yen Minh Lam, Chau Vinh Van Nguyen, Mattias Larsson, Ulf Rydell, Lennart E. Nilsson, Jeremy Farrar, Kinh Van Nguyen, Håkan Hanberger
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

The Health in Action section is a forum for individuals or organizations to highlight their innovative approaches to a particular health problem.
Possible Role of Hormones in Treatment of Metastatic Testicular Teratomas: Tumour Regression with Medroxyprogesterone Acetate
Authors: H. J. G. Bloom, W. F. Hendry
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Metastatic malignant teratoma of the testis is associated with early death for most afflicted patients. Chemotherapy has limited success with this disease. Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) has been known to exert an antitumor effect in cancers of the endometrium, breast and kidney. This paper documents the objective improvement in 3 of 16 patients with metastatic testicular teratoma treated with MPA. The patients were aged 49, 34 and 28 years. 2 of these patients had multiple lung metastases which were unsuccessfully managed by actinomycin D therapy. The 34-year old patient exhibited well-marked tumor regression for several months following MPA therapy. However, his general condition deteriorated with hepatomegaly until death occured. The 49-year old exhibited no sign of tumor occurence and is alive and well 7 years after beginning MPA therapy. The 28-year old patient is currently clinically tumor-free after 2 years of MPA treatment. Actinomycin D will be stopped but MPA will be continued for another 12 months in gradually decreasing doses. The 3 cases demonstrate good response to treatment with MPA. Evidence suggests that progesterone, including MPA, inhibits the release of pituitary gonadotropins causing impairment of spermatogenesis and accessory gland function associated with pronounced degenerative testicular changes. 9 rare cases of spontaneous regression of testicular tumor were documented by Everson and Cale in a literature review covering the period 1900 and 1965. It is unlikely however that the improvement in the 2 cases presented in this report can be attributed to spontaneous regression. In both patients, metastases continued to progress until shortly after MPA treatment was initiated. Prospective multicenter clinical trials should be done to evaluate the therapeutic value of hormones, alone or in combination with chemotherapy and irradiation in the management of malignant testicular teratoma.
Results of Outpatient Laparoscopic Appendectomy in Women
Authors: J. H. Schreiber
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)

The results of laparoscopic appendectomy under outpatient conditions are reported here from a retrospective analysis of the data for 78 women (aged 17-55) selected as having clinically acute or subacute appendicitis. Patients with severe disease presenting with sepsis or peritonitis were excluded, since they were referred to hospital. The duration of the procedure in the 78 women was 30-120 minutes (mean: 45), and only one minor intraoperative complication (a slight lesion to the uterus from the working trocar) was encountered. Follow-up was carried out by daily telephone interviews and a physical examination on the third or fourth postoperative day. Five postoperative complications (four cases of peritonitis and one stump insufficiency) were found two to seven days after the laparoscopic appendectomy, and these had to be treated by laparotomy. No severe sequelae or mortality were encountered. The calculated costs of the laparoscopic approach (DM 1,000.00 in total for anesthesia and operation) compared favorably with a conventional inpatient regimen covering seven days (DM 3,000.00-5000.00). We conclude that laparoscopic appendectomy under outpatient conditions is a safe and cost-effective modality for treating acute and subacute appendicitis in selected patients.
Clinical Aspects of Immunology
Authors: Max Samter
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The third edition of this widely used text is an indispensable account of tissue-damaging reactions caused by antibodies. I would like to confess that I am involved in a similar assignment on this side of the ocean, could have pleaded conflict of interest and refused to review this volume, but the temptation to compare the problems of my British counterparts with his own problems proved irresistible: texts of this caliber reflect the direction of progress in immunology. It is surprising how much the volume differs from its earlier editions. It is so exuberantly filled with new material that it is not immediately clear how it is organized. It has been transformed into a reference book for postgraduate study. The editors' advice not to throw away the previous, more practical editions is well worth heeding: they consider the new edition a supplement to the earlier volumes rather than a replacement. The
Record investment in NHS fails to improve productivity, Wanless finds
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Poor communication between primary care trusts and GPs is seriously compromising the safety of patients in England, a group of MPs said this week.In its latest report the House of Commons Committee of Public Accounts also warns that 96% of GPs are failing to report dangerous incidents to the National Patient Safety Agency.For its report, which examines the Department of Health's progress in implementing clinical governance in primary care, the committee had taken evidence from the chief executive of the NHS, the deputy chief medical officer, and the NHS's director general of commissioning.Committee chairman Edward Leigh said, "Too many primary care organisations are paying lip service to the principles of the Department of Health's clinical governance agenda.The lines of communication between the primary care trusts, on the one hand, and their GPs and other healthcare contractors, on the other, are defective."He added: "How can we be confident in the NHS's ability to share learning locally and nationally about what can go wrong in health care when only a tiny proportion of GPs-4%-routinely report patient safety events and incidents to the National Patient Safety Agency?"In response to a series of high profile problems in the 1990s, including the Shipman murders and events at the Bristol Royal Infirmary, the health department introduced its 10 year programme to boost patient safety.The centrepiece was the clinical governance system.The new report suggests, however, that clinical governance is not as well established in primary care as in secondary care.The committee says that this is due largely to the complexity of the role of primary care trusts in commissioning and providing care and to the independence of contractors delivering health care, particularly GPs.The Committee of Public Accounts' 47th report of the current session can be found at www. parliament.uk/pac.Primary� care pay�s only� "lip service" to clinical governance, MPs say� UK NEWS Regulator gives green light to research using human-animal embryos, p 531 WoRld NEWS US me�ical authorities are accuse� o�� ��ailing to act over �octors in �uantanamo, p 53� US me�ical authorities are accuse� o�� ��ailing to act over �octors in �uantanamo, p 53� , p 53� bmj.comNumber o�� bipolar �isor�er �iagnoses leaps among US young people Number o�� bipolar �isor�er �iagnoses leaps among US young people
Vibrio fluvialis and Gastroenteritis
Authors: JEANNE R. SPELLMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1986Vibrio fluvialis and GastroenteritisJEANNE R. SPELLMAN, M.D., CHARLES S. LEVY, M.D., JAMES A. CURTIN, M.D., CAROL ORMES, M.T.JEANNE R. SPELLMAN, M.D., CHARLES S. LEVY, M.D., JAMES A. CURTIN, M.D., CAROL ORMES, M.T.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-2-294_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We write to report the case of a man who developed enteritis due to Vibrio fluvialis after eating raw seafood.A 46-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with acute gastroenteritis, which began 36 hours after he ingested raw oysters. He had no significant prior medical history. His illness was characterized by fever with temperatures to 38.3 °C, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and passage of 10 to 12 stools per day. Stools contained many leukocytes but no erythrocytes. Culture of the stool on MacConkey's media grew a vibrio that was identified biochemically asV. fluvialis(BBL Scepto...References1. LEEDONOVANFURNISS JTA. Characterization, taxonomy, and emended description of Vibrio metschnikovii. Int J Syst Bacteriol. 1978;28:99-111. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. TACKETHICKMANPIERCEMENDOZA CFGL. Diarrhea associated with Vibrio fluvialis in the United States. J Clin Microbiol. 1982;16:991-2. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. HICKMAN-BRENNERBRENNERSTEIGERWALT FDA. Vibrio fluvialis and Vibrio furnissi isolated from a stool sample of one patient. J Clin Microbiol. 1984;20:125-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. WATSKY D. Vibrio fluvialis and V. mimicus associated with terminal ileitis. Clin Microbiol Newslett. 1983;5:111. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Washington Hospital Center Washington, DC 20010 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byConcomitant Bacteremia Caused by Vibrio fluvialis and Vibrio alginolyticus in a Patient on HemodialysisOther Vibrio SpeciesDictionary of Inorganic CompoundsThe human pathogenic vibrios – A public health update with environmental perspectives 1 August 1986Volume 105, Issue 2Page: 294-295KeywordsAbdominal painEatingEnteritisFeversGastroenteritisNauseaTemperatureVibrioVomiting Issue Published: 1 August 1986 PDF downloadLoading ...
Trends in Infectious Disease and Cancer in HIV Infection
Authors: Richard M. Selik
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters1 November 1996Trends in Infectious Disease and Cancer in HIV InfectionRichard M. Selik, MD and John W. Ward, MDRichard M. Selik, MDCenters for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, GA 30333.Search for more papers by this author and John W. Ward, MDCenters for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, GA 30333.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-125-9-199611010-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We agree with Seligman and Gross that the wasting syndrome is an important clinical condition among HIV-infected persons and that death certificate data have limitations that hinder analysis of deaths associated with the wasting syndrome. One cannot ascertain from death certificate data alone the diagnostic criteria for the “HIV wasting syndrome” as described in the surveillance case definition for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: “findings of … weight loss of more than 10% of baseline body weight plus either chronic diarrhea … or chronic weakness and documented fever” [1]. Such nonspecific signs and symptoms are infrequently listed on death certificates. ...References1. Revision of the CDC case definition for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1987; 36(Suppl 1S):12S. Google Scholar2. Selik RM, Chu SY, Ward JW. Trends in infectious diseases and cancers among persons dying of HIV infection in the United States from 1987 to 1992. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:933-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Richard M. Selik, MD; John W. Ward, MDAffiliations: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, GA 30333. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1996Volume 125, Issue 9Page: 777KeywordsCryptococcosisHIV infectionsInfectious diseasesInternational classification of diseases ninth revisionMalnutritionMycobacterium avium complexOpportunistic infectionsRacial and ethnic issuesSigns and symptomsWeight loss ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 November 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...