tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Circumventing racism in the NHS
Authors: D. Carnall
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Douglas Carnall reviews the scene for those who can't wait for the policy debate because they've got to advance their careers right now 

“After I'd got the job, I asked the consultant how he normally shortlisted for the post. He told me that he put all the CVs with English names into one pile, and all those with non-English names into another pile, and looked at the English pile first.” Hardly a method of shortlisting likely to find approval with the commissioners for racial equality, yet when Aneez Esmail took his observation a step further in his groundbreaking study, he found that his paired CVs - differing only in the ethnicity of the name on the front sheet - were twice as likely to be shortlisted with an Anglo-Saxon name as with an Asian one.1 How much has changed since the publication of the study in 1993? Speakers at last week's BMA conference held to discuss racism in the NHS were not optimistic that much progess has been made.

The present policy debate is entirely laudable and necessary if matters are to improve. It may be that the newly reorganised NHS Executive Equal Opportunities Unit headed by Elizabeth Al-Khalifa will succeed in achieving policy that breaks down the barriers to advancement within the NHS where others have failed. We certainly know that the problem is endemic: 23% of all hospital doctors in the NHS are from an ethnic minority, for example, yet while doctors from ethnic minorities are under-represented in the consultant grades, 63% …
Field effect of two commercial preparations of botulinum toxin type A: A prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial
Authors: Doris Hexsel, Cristiano Brum, Débora Zechmeister do Prado, Mariana Soirefmann, Francisco Telechea Rotta, Taciana Dal’Forno, Ticiana C. Rodrigues
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)
Fatty liver following isotretinoin therapy
Authors: Aileen E.M. Taylor, Harriet Mitchison
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Journal Article Fatty liver following isotretinoin therapy Get access Aileen E.M. Taylor, Aileen E.M. Taylor Departments of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K.Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicene, 500 LCI, PO Box 3333, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Harriet Mitchison Harriet Mitchison Departments of Medicine Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 124, Issue 5, 1 May 1991, Pages 505–506, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb00638.x Published: 01 May 1991
High resolution optical mapping reveals conduction slowing in connexin43 deficient mice
Authors: B Eloff
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Analysis of mice with genetically altered expression of cardiac connexins can provide insights into the role of individual gap junction channel proteins in cell-to-cell communication, impulse propagation, and arrhythmias. However, conflicting results have been reported regarding conduction velocity slowing in mice heterozygous for a null mutation in the gene encoding connexin43 (Cx43). Methods: High-resolution optical mapping was used to record action potentials from 256 sites, simultaneously, on the ventricular surface of Langendorff perfused hearts from 15 heterozygous (Cx43+/−) and 8 wildtype (Cx43+/+) mice (controls). A sensitive method for measuring epicardial conduction velocity was developed to minimize confounding influences of subepicardial breakthrough and virtual electrode effects. Results: Epicardial conduction velocity was significantly slower (23 to 35%, P<0.01) in Cx43+/− mice compared to wildtype. There was no change in conduction patterns or anisotropic ratio (Cx43+/− 1.54±0.33; Cx43+/+ 1.57±0.17) suggesting that Cx43 expression was reduced uniformly throughout myocardium. The magnitude of reductions in conduction velocity and Cx43 protein expression (45%) were similar in mice in which the null allele occurred in a pure C57BL/6J genetic background versus a mixed (C57BL/6J X 129) background. Action potential duration did not differ between mice of different genotypes. Conclusions: A ∼50% reduction of Cx43 expression causes significant conduction velocity slowing in the Cx43+/− mouse heart. The apparent lack of conduction velocity changes reported in previous studies may be related to technical factors rather than variations in genetic background. High-resolution optical mapping is a powerful tool for investigating molecular determinants of propagation and arrhythmias in genetically engineered mice.
Males Exposed In Utero to Diethylstilbestrol
Authors: Frank J. Leary
Journal: JAMA (1984)

An increased frequency of various genitourinary anomalies, infertility, and testicular cancer among males has been reported to follow intrauterine exposure to diethylstilbestrol, but not all studies have confirmed an association. This study was designed to determine whether a cohort of males exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol had a higher frequency of urogenital abnormalities than an unexposed cohort. Biases in selection of exposed and control participants were minimized. Of 828 exposed and 676 control men studied by medical-record review, 265 exposed men and 274 controls also underwent a special clinical examination. Overall, the data suggest that diethylstilbestrol exposure of males in utero did not increase their risk of genitourinary abnormalities, infertility, or testicular cancer. Previously reported increased frequencies of these abnormalities in diethylstilbestrol-exposed men may have resulted from selection biases or differences in diethylstilbestrol use, or both. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:2984-2989)
Circulating immune complexes during immunotherapy in allergy to dog
Authors: E. Valovirta, M. Viander, A. Koivikko, T. Vanto, P. Lindstrom, O. Wager, K. Pekkola‐Heino, L. Ingeman, R. Kekomäki
Journal: Allergy (1989)

Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were determined from dog‐allergic asthmatic children ( n = 35) receiving immunotherapy with dog dander and hair extract. The results from CIC are expressed in SDU (standard deviation units) and presented as follows: pretreatment results ( n = 20), rush results ( n = 11), mid‐schedule results ( n = 20), maintenance results ( n = 15) and the results of the placebo‐treated group ( n = 12). The results of the placebo‐treated group ( n = 12) and those of the untreated atopic ( n = 12) and non‐atopic ( n = 14) were controls. CIC levels were analysed by means of KgB‐ELISA (conglutinin binding enzyme linked immunosorbent assay), C1qB‐ELISA (C1q‐binding enzyme linked immunososrbent assay), RFb‐ELISA (rheumatoid factor binding enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) and by PIPA (platelet 125J‐labelled staphylococcal protein‐A test). The CIC level determined by KgB‐ELISA in dog‐allergic asthmatic children was higher than that of the atopic controls ( P &lt; 0.05) already before the onset of the hyposensitization. During conventional hyposensitization with dog dander and hair the CIC level remained the same as before treatment. On day 5 of rush hyposensitization the mean level of CIC showed no increase when compared with the pretreatment values. A statistically significant correlation ( P &lt; 0.01) was observed between the dog dander and hair‐specific IgG antibodies and the CIC level measured by KgB‐ELISA during the maintenance period of conventional immunotherapy. The samples of sera to measure this correlation were collected before the injection of allergen and after 2 weeks of injection during maintenance treatment. In general, the treatment was well tolerated in all groups. As expected, immediate reactions after injections were seen during rush hyposensitization. No long‐lasting or late reactions were observed, nor any correlation between adverse reactions and the level of CIC. Mild local reactions were seen during conventional depot hyposensitization. No clinical adverse effects were observed that could have been associated with occasionally high CIC levels (≥ 3 SDU).
Physicians and Politics
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
PURIFIED EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID IMPROVES LEFT VENTRICULAR DIASTOLIC FUNCTION IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH THE LOWER RATIO OF EICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID TO ARACHIDONIC ACID
Authors: Haruyasu Ito, Fujio Hayashi, Kazuya Nagao, Kohei Fukuchi, Motoko Tokunaga, Yoshimasa Cyujyo, Yohei Kobayashi, Michishige Ozeki, Koji Uchiyama, Masaru Tanaka, Toshinori Makita, Tsukasa Inada
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Tacrolimus and topical steroids: which is more effective?
Authors: C.G. BURKHART, C.N. BURKHART
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Sir, In an international study of 624 patients supported by Fujisawa, Reitamo et al.1 state that they produced the first study comparing tacrolimus with a low‐potency steroid. We would like to bring attention to a 10‐patient, self‐funded, open‐label, comparative evaluation of the same products that we published a month earlier.2 More significant than the publication dates, divergent results were obtained. The studies themselves differed in numerous ways. Our study assessed patient satisfaction with both agents as each subject applied one of the preparations to the respective sides of the body surface, while Reitamo et al.1 distributed only one of the products per patient and utilized the modified Eczema Area and Severity Index. We evaluated the performance of 0·1% hydrocortisone butyrate in a 70% oil‐in‐water base, while the European Tacrolimus Ointment Group used 1% hydrocortisone ointment. Nevertheless, the results are strikingly dissimilar. Previously, tacrolimus has been reported to be equal in strength to mid‐potency steroids based partially on an in vitro ability of tacrolimus to inhibit cytokine production more than alclometasone dipropionate, and equal to or greater in strength than betamethasone valerate.3 However, in vitro tests such as cytokine profiling and cytokine fingerprinting may not prove to be functional parameters for assessment in vivo. Besides two nontranslated studies in the Japanese literature which we discuss in our publication, there is one abstract which, like Reitamo et al., found tacrolimus to be superior to alclometasone dipropionate ointment in a 1‐week clinical study.4 Nevertheless, one previous study found topical steroids clinically more effective than topical immunomodulators in a 3‐week study assessing disease severity and pruritus.5
Human Genetics: Principles and Methods
Authors: Jeanette C. Opsahl
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This is not a textbook in the conventional sense; it deals exclusively with certain principles and methods in human genetics. There is no mention of the genetics of corn, mice, or fruit flies, no descriptions of hereditary diseases, and no description of cytological techniques. One distinctive feature of human genetics is that it involves both the classical Mendelian genetics and the modern population genetics. Thus, these constitute the first 2 chapters of Dr. Li's book, entitled "Family Laws and the Population Laws." These are followed by 4 chapters on methodology: viz., estimation of gene frequencies in general and those of blood groups in particular. The special methods of determining segregation ratio in human families are explained with diagrams. The method of studying and interpreting of the association between genetic trait and disease is discussed. The pitfalls of pooling heterogeneous data are dramatically illustrated. Probably the least understood subject in this
Pulmonary vascular permeability to transferrin in the pulmonary oedema of renal failure.
Authors: G M Rocker, A G Morgan, D Pearson, G S Basran, D J Shale
Journal: Thorax (1987)

Thirteen patients with renal failure and pulmonary oedema were assessed for evidence of increased pulmonary vascular permeability to protein by a double isotope technique. Comparison was made with 10 patients with cardiogenic pulmonary oedema, 11 healthy volunteers, and 10 patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. There was no significant difference in the accumulation of a radiolabelled plasma protein (transferrin) in patients with renal or cardiogenic pulmonary oedema and normal volunteers. Patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome showed significantly greater protein permeability (p less than 0.001). In pulmonary oedema associated with renal failure managed by current regimens there was no evidence of increased permeability to transferrin.
Case of Recent Vaccination Overcoming Small-Pox
Authors: E. Daniell
Journal: BMJ (1844)

I was directed by the overseer of the parish of Sherington, on the 10th of April, 1830, to visit a pauper then residing at Emberton, who was said to be suffering from small pox.She was a young woman about 18 years of age, of spare habit, but generally healthy.It appeared that her object in being away
Rickettsial and Viral Antibodies in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: C. A. C. Ross
Journal: BMJ (1962)

HAEMOGLOBIN FBRmsHAL 1523 number of occasions attention has been drawn to the time relationship between the disappearance of foetal haemoglobin in infants and the onset of their suscepti- bility to malignant malaria (Lehmann, 1953; Allison, 1954; Davidson, 1955; Gilles, 1957).One of the possible explanations is a protective role of foetal haemoglobin.Haemoglobin-S /high-haemoglobin-F individuals and haemoglobin-C/high-haemoglobin-F individuals might then be especially favoured. SummaryTwo Ghanaian families are reported whose members illustrate interaction between the high F gene and the genes responsible for haemoglobins A, S, and C.Persistence of a high level of foetal haemoglobin was not associated with anaemia or morphological abnorm- ality, except for numerous target cells in the haemoglobin C-F combination.The possible significance of the high F gene is discussed.
INDEPENDENT IMPACT OF DIABETES AND RENAL FAILURE ON HOSPITAL OUTCOME OF STEMI: RESULTS OF THE EURO HEART SURVEY ACS REGISTRY
Authors: Anselm K. Gitt, Matthias Hochadel, Francois Schiele, Wojtek Wojakowski, Michal Tendera, Ralf Zahn, Uwe Zeymer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Fibroblast Foci Are Not Discrete Sites of Lung Injury or Repair
Authors: Carlyne D. Cool, Steve D. Groshong, Pradeep R. Rai, Peter M. Henson, J. Scott Stewart, Kevin K. Brown
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), the pathologic correlate of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, contains characteristic discrete areas of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and newly formed collagen, termed "fibroblast foci." These lesions are argued to represent isolated sites of recurrent acute lung injury and suggested to be the mechanism of disease progression. We hypothesized that, rather than isolated, these lesions are part of an organized neoplasm.Morphometric analysis of pentachrome-stained histologic sections of UIP was performed. Using point-counting technique on serial sections, fibroblast foci, arteries, and macrophage clusters were identified and we determined their individual "connectiveness" by estimating the Euler number. Two-dimensional micrographs were collated into a three-dimensional array from which a visual three-dimensional reconstruction could be constructed. Clonality analysis was performed using human androgen receptor gene methylation assay.Blood vessels show significant connectivity with a Euler number of 2, whereas macrophage clusters exhibited no connectivity. The fibroblast foci showed a high level of interconnection with Euler numbers ranging from 19 to 39. The computer generated three-dimensional models provide a visual confirmation of this connectiveness. Human androgen receptor gene methylation assay analysis of the foci showed balanced methylation consistent with polyclonality.The fibroblast foci of UIP are the leading edge of a complex reticulum that is highly interconnected and extends from the pleura into the underlying parenchyma. It is a reactive, rather than a malignant, process.
Smoking Drivers: Standard or Optional?
Authors: Burton C. West
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  The SPECIAL COMMUNICATION entitled Legislative Efforts to Protect Children From Tobacco1 is a commendable call to arms against the pervasiveness of tobacco products in our society. But it does not go far enough. I propose legislation that would limit another tacit approval society places on smoking.  Eliminate cigarette/cigar lighters and ashtrays as standard equipment in cars and trucks. This could be accomplished by inducing the manufacturers to make these items extra-cost, optional equipment instead of standard items. Sadly, their primary purpose is known to every child; many teenagers use them for smoking. Why not eliminate them from automobile and truck design as standard items? The lighters and ashtrays imply acceptance or resignation on the part of vehicle owners and society in general that everyone smokes. Of course it is wrong, but the power of suggestion is there for the young, the impressionable (are not we all impressionable?),
Medical charity criticises shortcomings of DOTS in management of tuberculosis
Authors: Ganapati Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Many people with active tuberculosis miss out on effective treatment because of outdated diagnostic tools and shortcomings in the direct observed treatment short course (DOTS) programme, the medical charity Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) has warned.

In a report released at the meeting of the Stop TB Partners' Forum in New Delhi last week, the humanitarian medical aid organisation called on governments and the World Health Organization to intensify research to find new drugs and diagnostic tools for tuberculosis to overcome the limitations of DOTS programmes.

Case detection for DOTS relies on sputum smear microscopy, but this test detects only 48% of people with tuberculosis, said the MSF report. It pointed out that the smear microscopy test worked in less than 38% of HIV infected people with tuberculosis. Its detection rate in children …
Estimates of the Kill Probability in Target Area Family Shelters
Authors: Philip W. Russell
Journal: JAMA (1962)

To compare the safety of underground shelters versus basement fallout shelters within target areas, the kill probability from nuclear weapons has been analyzed. This was estimated by relating the calculated lethal radii for various weapon yields and the distance from the target point to a current ICBM aiming error. Curves were constructed showing kill probability at varying distances from the target point for selected megaton yields with specified degrees of protection. For example, a comparison showed that a person 4 miles from a 5 megaton ICBM target point would have a 97% risk of being killed within a basement fallout shelter, or an 8% risk within the specified underground shelter.
Bacterium blocks transmission of dengue by mosquitoes
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Infecting mosquitoes with a bacterium that makes them resistant to dengue virus successfully blocks its transmission, new research has shown.

The control strategy, tested by an Australian research group led by Scott O’Neill of Monash University, Melbourne, depends on infecting Aedes aegypti mosquitoes with a strain of the common bacterium Wolbachia . Study results show that the infected mosquitoes become resistant to dengue virus and so are do not transmit it.

With the potential to generate unexpected consequences, biological techniques for the control of disease have had a chequered history. That the Australian researchers have already …
Hepatitis B in the Chinese community in Britain
Authors: K. Y. Tang, T. Chan, K. A Fenton, R. J C Gilson
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,-The report of the Interdepartmental Working Group on sensible drinking' has aroused critical comment.2The core recommendation is an increase in the safe limits for drinking from 21 units a week to 3-4 units a day for men and from 14 units a week to 2-3 units a day for women.The apparent aims are to discourage binge drinking and to promote health through moderate daily consumption.3We investigated how drinkers had interpreted the new guidelines and what effect the guidelines would have on their drinking.Over the Christmas
Thrust and parry of hepatocytes regains respect on the liver regeneration front
Authors: Sanjeev Gupta
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Previous work has shown that adult mouse hepatocytes can divide at least 18 times in vivo.To test whether this represents the upper limit of their regenerative capacity, we performed serial transplantation of hepatocytes in the fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase deficiency murine model of liver repopulation.Hepatocytes from adult donors were serially transplanted in limiting numbers six times and resulted in complete repopulation during each cycle.This corresponds to a minimal number of 69 cell doublings or a 7.3 ؋ 10 20 -fold expansion.No evidence for abnormal liver function or altered hepatic architecture was found in repopulated animals.We conclude that a fraction of adult mouse hepatocytes have growth potential similar to that of hematopoeitic stem cells.
Cooperation of Syd-1 with Neurexin synchronizes pre- with postsynaptic assembly
Authors: David Owald, Omid Khorramshahi, Varun K Gupta, Daniel Banovic, Harald Depner, Wernher Fouquet, Carolin Wichmann, Sara Mertel, Stefan Eimer, Eric Reynolds, Matthew Holt, Hermann Aberle, Stephan J Sigrist
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2012)