tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hypoglossal-Nerve Stimulation for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Atul Malhotra
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Obstructive sleep apnea has well-established neurocognitive and cardiovascular sequelae.1 Conservative estimates suggest that approximately 13% of men and 6% of women in North America have clinically important obstructive sleep apnea.2 Despite the transformative benefits in some patients who receive therapy with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP),3 many patients remain inadequately treated owing to inconsistent levels of adherence to existing therapies. Thus, further research is required to allow new therapeutic options to evolve.Traditionally, obstructive sleep apnea has been defined by anatomical compromise in which soft tissues and craniofacial structures around the pharyngeal airway lead to increased airway collapsibility.4 Because of . . .
Reviews and Notes: History of Medicine: Archibald Garrod and the Individuality of Man
Authors: Richard L. Golden
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Literature of Medicine1 May 1994Reviews and Notes: History of Medicine: Archibald Garrod and the Individuality of ManRichard L. GoldenRichard L. GoldenState University of New York at Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-9-199405010-00035 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Archibald Garrod and the Individuality of ManAlexander G. Bearn. 227 pages. Oxford: Clarendon Press; 1993. $49.95.The 20th century brought a new awareness of genetics that originated from the work of Gregor Mendel and sufficient advances in chemistry to allow a young English physician, Archibald E. Garrod, to investigate alkaptonuria, the first of his classic studies of inborn errors of metabolism.In this meticulously researched and scholarly biography, Bearn captures the essence of this remarkable man in a well-crafted account of the triumphs and tragedies of his personal life, interwoven with his achievements as a physician-scientist. Garrod was the ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: State University of New York at Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794. Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1994Volume 120, Issue 9Page: 816KeywordsBiochemistryGenetic diseasesGeneticsHistory of medicineInborn errors of metabolismMolecular biology ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 May 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Harold Frederick Schuknecht, MD
Authors: Joseph B. Nadol
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fisher's Inexact Test: Probability Too Serious to Be Left to Statisticians-Reply
Authors: W. Paul McKinney
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> We thank Dr Cormack for his comments on our article. The issue of multiple techniques for performing Fisher's Exact Test is yet another reason for structured reviews of submitted articles to ensure that statistical methodology is described explicitly. It is important for both physicians and biostatisticians to maximize the quality of biomedical research. However, few nonstatisticians have the ability to contribute to statistical theory as Dr Cormack has done. Ultimately, only the journal editors and their designated reviewers can ensure that uniform statistical standards for manuscripts are developed and strictly enforced.
Effect of Oral Bisphosphonates for Osteoporosis on Development of Skeletal Metastases in Women With Breast Cancer: Results From a Pharmaco-Epidemiological Study
Authors: Richard Kremer, Bruno Gagnon, Ari N. Meguerditchian, Lyne Nadeau, Nancy Mayo
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2014)

BackgroundTreatment with bisphosphonates in women with breast cancer and established bone metastasis delays further skeletal-related events. Evidence is emerging that bisphosphonates are beneficial for secondary prevention of bone metastasis. The study aimed to estimate the effect of oral bisphosphonates for treatment or prevention of osteoporosis on development of bone metastasis in a population of women with breast cancer.
Immediate decrease in antigen-presenting function and delayed enhancement of interleukin-I production in human epidermal cells after in vivo UVB irradiation
Authors: L. RUSUNEN, T. REUNALA, M. LEHTO, C. JANSEN, I. RANTALA, P. LEINIKKI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Human skin was irradiated in vivo with a single UVB dose (100 mJ/cm2 or 200 mJ/cm2) to examine simultaneously the antigen-presenting function and interleukin-1 (IL-1) production capacity of irradiated epidermal cells (EC). Suction blisters were produced on irradiated areas on days 0, 3 and 7 after UVB. Irradiated EC were harvested and co-cultured with autologous T lymphocytes in the presence of antigens (PPD, HSV) or mitogen (ConA). Culture supernatants were tested for IL-1 activity using the thymocyte comitogenity assay. We found that a single 200 mJ/cm2 dose of UVB caused an immediate suppression of the antigen-presenting function of EC, but no alteration in their IL-1 production capacity or surface marker expression (ATPase, CD1). PPD-and HSV-induced lymphocyte proliferation was decreased 70-80% and ConA-driven proliferation 30% when compared to non-irradiated EC. However, this suppression was restored on days 3 and 7 after UVB irradiation, this being coexistent with an increased capacity of EC to produce IL-1. It remains to be elucidated whether the immediate UVB-induced photoimmunosuppression observed in the present study is due to inhibitory mediators or impaired membrane function of EC or both.
Abstract LB-236: Preclinical efficacy of targeting FGF autocrine signaling in mesothelioma with the FGF ligand trap, FP-1039/GSK3052230
Authors: M. Phillip De Young, Christian Sherk, Maureen Bleam, Mary Barnette, Gopi Ganji, Bao Hoang, James Tunstead, David Bellovin, Gerrit Los, Elisabeth Minthorn, Rakesh Kumar
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) ligand-dependent signaling plays an important role in cancer development and tumor maintenance through autocrine production of FGFs directly from cancer cells and/or through paracrine production of FGFs from the local stroma. FGF-FGFR autocrine feedback loops have been characterized in several tumor types and may also play a role in drug resistance upon exposure to chemotherapy or targeted agents. FP-1039/GSK3052230 is a ligand trap that sequesters multiple FGFs and inhibits FGF receptor signaling. We previously demonstrated that increased FGF2 mRNA levels correlated with response to GSK3052230. To further extend this hypothesis, we investigated the preclinical efficacy of this drug in models of mesothelioma, a tumor type shown to express high levels of FGF2 mRNA in cell lines and in primary tumor specimens. GSK3052230 inhibited MAPK signaling as evidenced by decreased phospho-ERK levels in both NCI-H226 and MSTO-211H cells. When both cell lines were grown as tumor xenografts in mice, GSK3052230 inhibited tumor growth in a dose-dependent manner (NCI-H226: 16 - 78% TGI; MSTO-211H: 20 - 50% TGI). However, in contrast to what was observed in cultured cells, GSK3052230 had minimal effects on phospho-ERK levels in NCI-H226 tumors. Similarly, two genes downstream of ERK known to be regulated by FGF signaling, DUSP6 and ETV4, displayed modestly reduced mRNA levels upon GSK3052230 treatment. These data demonstrate the limitation of FGF pathway downstream signaling as a pharmacodynamic (PD) readout for this drug in this study despite observing significant tumor growth inhibition. Because FGFs also play a key role in angiogenesis, we explored the effects of GSK3052230 on tumor vessel formation in NCI-H226 xenografts as a potential approach to measure PD. Dose-dependent and statistically-significant reductions in tumor vessel density were observed in GSK3052230-treated tumors compared to vehicle-treated tumors using MECA-32 endothelial cell immunohistochemical staining. These data support the clinical evaluation of this drug in mesothelioma patients. Citation Format: M. Phillip De Young, Christian Sherk, Maureen Bleam, Mary Barnette, Gopi Ganji, Bao Hoang, James Tunstead, David Bellovin, Gerrit Los, Elisabeth Minthorn, Rakesh Kumar. Preclinical efficacy of targeting FGF autocrine signaling in mesothelioma with the FGF ligand trap, FP-1039/GSK3052230. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-236. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-236
Campylobacter Enteritis from Untreated Water in the Rocky Mountains
Authors: David N. Taylor, Kathleen T. McDERMOTT, James R. Little, Joy G. Wells, Martin J. Blaser
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

During the summers of 1980 and 1981 Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from 23% and Giardia lamblia was isolated from 8% of persons with diarrheal disease acquired in the area of Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming. Campylobacter enteritis occurred most frequently in young adults who had been hiking in wilderness areas and was significantly associated with drinking untreated surface water in the week before illness (p < 0.02 in 1980; p < 0.005 in 1981). Penner serotype 4 was the commonest serotype isolated from humans and the only serotype isolated from an implicated mountain stream. These studies show that backcountry surface water can be an important source of C. jejuni and that infection with Campylobacter, as well as G. lamblia, should be considered as a cause of diarrhea in those who have recently returned from wilderness areas.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ON THE TOTAL PLASMIN AND THE TRYPSIN INHIBITOR OF HUMAN BLOOD SERUM
Authors: Edgar W. Todd
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1949)

Methods are described for the separate titration of total plasmin and of trypsin inhibitor in human blood serum. Azocoll was used as the substrate in all experiments. When titrating the total plasmin, interference by trypsin inhibitor was minimized by mixing together serum, streptokinase, and substrate in the cold before incubation was commenced. When titrating the trypsin inhibitor, interference by plasmin was avoided by using small quantities of serum and of crystalline trypsin. Experimental results show that with the methods employed neither the trypsin inhibitor in the serum nor the inhibitor in the streptokinase nor the antistreptokinase in the serum significantly interfered with the results of titrations of total plasmin.
"Phosphorus" or "Phosphate"
Authors: DONALD S. YOUNG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Editorial Notes1 October 1980"Phosphorus" or "Phosphate"DONALD S. YOUNG, M.B., PH.D.DONALD S. YOUNG, M.B., PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-93-4-631_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPhosphate is one of the most commonly measured constituents of serum, but because it is one of the components analyzed by most multitest chemical analyzers in the clinical laboratory, the measurement is rarely of much clinical use. The causes of hyperphosphatemia and hypophosphatemia recently have been reviewed by Slatopolsky and associates (1) and Fitzgerald (2).Phosphorus is present mainly in living organisms as inorganic phosphate or as organic phosphate esters. About 80% of the approximately 750 g of phosphorus in the adult human occurs in the bone matrix in insoluble calcium salts. Up to 15% of the total phosphate is...References1. SLATOPOLSKYRUTHERFORDROSENBAUMMARTINHRUSKA EWRKK. Hyperphosphatemia. Clin Nephrol. 1977;7:138-46. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. FITZGERALD F. Clinical hypophosphatemia. Annu Rev Med. 1978;29:177-89. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. KNOCHEL J. The pathophysiology and clinical characteristics of severe hypophosphatemia. Arch Intern Med. 1977;137:203-20. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. WALSER M. Ion association: VI. Interactions between calcium, magnesium, inorganic phosphate, citrate and protein in normal human plasma. J Clin Invest. 1961;40:723-30. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. LENTZBROWNKJELLSTRAND RDC. Treatment of severe hypophosphatemia. Ann Intern Med. 1978;89:941-4. LinkGoogle Scholar6. TIETZ N. Electrolytes. In: TIETZ NW, ed. Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co.; 1976:873-944. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPhosphorus, phosphorous, and phosphateFluid and Electrolyte DisordersHypophosphatemiaToxic Oxygen Products in ShockThe Effects of High-Dose Corticosteroids in Patients with Septic Shock 1 October 1980Volume 93, Issue 4Page: 631-631KeywordsAdultsBoneCalciumClinical laboratoriesPhosphatesPhosphorusSalts Issue Published: 1 October 1980 PDF downloadLoading ...
An Elusive Balance — Residents' Work Hours and the Continuity of Care
Authors: Susan Okie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Interview with Ethan Fried on the effects of the national limits on residents' duty hours. (07:53)Download Four years after national limits on duty hours for medical residents took effect — and nearly two decades after similar limits were enacted by New York State — conversations with residency directors, attending physicians, health care researchers, and sleep-medicine experts suggest that neither patient care nor medical education is optimal under the current system and that further reforms are needed. But there is little agreement on what should be done or even on whether the work-hour limits should be tightened or relaxed.U.S. teaching hospitals are handling more admissions, treating older and sicker patients, and discharging patients more quickly than . . .
INFLUENCE OF URIC ACID LEVEL IN PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED FOR HEART FAILURE WITH REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION: INSIGHTS FROM THE EVEREST TRIAL
Authors: Stephen John Greene, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Andrew Ambrosy, Marvin Konstam, Haris Subacius, Aldo Maggioni, Robert Mentz, Savina Nodari, Javed Butler, Mihai Gheorghiade
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Long-term results of the Italian Association of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology (AIEOP) Studies 82, 87, 88, 91 and 95 for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: V Conter, M Aricò, G Basso, A Biondi, E Barisone, C Messina, R Parasole, G De Rossi, F Locatelli, A Pession, N Santoro, C Micalizzi, M Citterio, C Rizzari, D Silvestri, R Rondelli, L Lo Nigro, O Ziino, A M Testi, G Masera, M G Valsecchi
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
Measuring the severity of injury.
Authors: H B Stoner, R N Barton, R A Little, D W Yates
Journal: BMJ (1977)

The injury severity score as a method for measuring the severity of injury has been found useful for epidemiological and metabolic research. Comparison with plasma cortisol concentrations confirmed that the method could distinguish between minor and moderate injuries. Before using the method one must decide on the need to weight the score for age. This is necessary when studying some relationships--for example, mortality and severity--but not others--for example, plasma cortisol concentration and severity.
Eigenfeatures as intermediate-level representations: The case for PCA models
Authors: Hervé Abdi, Dominique Valentin, Betty G. Edelman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Eigenfeatures are created by the principal component approach (PCA) used on objects described by a low-level code (i.e., pixels, Gabor jets). We suggest that eigenfeatures act like the flexible features described by Schyns et al. They are particularly suited for face processing and give rise to class-specific effects such as the other-race effect. The PCA approach can be modified to accommodate top-down constraints.
Active vaccination with Dickkopf-1 induces protective and therapeutic antitumor immunity in murine multiple myeloma
Authors: Jianfei Qian, Yuhuan Zheng, Chengyun Zheng, Lijuan Wang, Hong Qin, Sungyoul Hong, Haiyan Li, Yong Lu, Jin He, Jing Yang, Sattva Neelapu, Larry W. Kwak, Jian Hou, Qing Yi
Journal: Blood (2011)
The sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide induces selective apoptosis of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells in vitro
Authors: A J Steele, D T Jones, K Ganeshaguru, V M Duke, B C Yogashangary, J M North, M W Lowdell, P D Kottaridis, A B Mehta, A G Prentice, A V Hoffbrand, R G Wickremasinghe
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Chaparral and Liver Toxicity
Authors: Mitchell E. Stashower
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Regarding the article by Dr Gordon and colleagues,<sup>1</sup>chaparral is technically not an herb, it is a woody, perennial shrub. An herb is specifically a flowering plant whose stems above ground are not woody.<sup>2,3</sup>This is a subtle but important distinction. The common usage of the term "herbal" as it is applied to all manner of natural plant-derived medicines is misleading and is not supported by the botanic taxonomic literature.<sup>3</sup>We propose that this term be avoided in scientific discourse on the subject. A more appropriate subtitle would have been the following: "Liver injury caused by alternative medicines derived from plants." The importance of determining the safety and efficacy of nontraditional supplements and medications appears clear. Despite our fervor to assert this and our unfamiliarity with alternative treatments, organized medicine must resist the urge to combine all of these agents into one category, and
A REPORT OF SEVEN OPERATIONS FOR BRAIN TUMORS AND CYSTS.
Authors: HERM. H. HOPPE
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The early wave of enthusiasm which followed the brilliant successes of Macewen, Godley, Horsley and Keen has been gradually displaced by an amount of pessimism which is unwarranted by the cumulative results of brain surgery for tumors and cysts. The pendulum has swung too far to the side of non-interference. This has been the direct result of numerous unwarranted operations in cases of suspected brain tumor, or in cases where the tumor was not accurately located. I feel safe in saying that hundreds of such cases, at a very low estimate, have been operated upon, which will never be spread on the annals of surgery or neurology. These are the cases which have done great damage and have been the cause of the pessimism which prevails, not only among the profession at large, but what is far worse, among the laity, who are only too apt to remember the failures
Desert Storm Moves Into Eighth Week
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1991)

AS A RESULT of Iraq's past use and stockpiling of chemical and biological weapons (<i>JAMA</i>. 1991;265:700)—and current cool gulf weather favoring their dissemination—Desert Storm military medical aid stations and hospitals have established decontamination facilities. But physicians are concerned about treatment delays (decontamination requires up to 15 minutes) and medical equipment contamination. A skin cream for protection against chemical attack has been withdrawn because, the Department of Defense says, animal tests of the production-line composition left questions.
Decision analysis for donor selection in stem cell transplantation—HLA-8/8 allele-matched unrelated donor vs HLA-1 AG mismatched related donor
Authors: J Kanda, S Fuji, S Kato, A Takami, J Tanaka, K Miyamura, K Ohashi, T Fukuda, Y Ozawa, H Kanamori, T Eto, N Kobayashi, K Iwato, Y Morishima, H Sakamaki, Y Atsuta, Y Kanda
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2014)

Risk of relapse during the unrelated donor coordination period biases comparisons between allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from an HLA 8 of 8 allele-matched unrelated donor (8/8 MUD) and that from a related donor with an HLA-1 antigen mismatch in the graft-versus-host (GVH) direction (RD/1AGMM-GVH). To reduce this bias, we performed a decision analysis focusing on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in first complete remission (CR1). The primary outcome measure was 5-year survival probability with or without quality-of-life (QOL) adjustment. A baseline analysis showed that the decision to perform MUD transplantation was superior to that to perform RD/1AGMM-GVH transplantation for patients with AML or ALL. However, in the ALL cohort, the direction of superiority was reversed when the interval between CR1 and 8/8 MUD transplantation was >5.5 months (without QOL adjustment) or >6 months (after QOL adjustment) or when overall survival of RD/1AGMM-GVH transplantation improved by 1.3% without QOL adjustment and 2.1% after QOL adjustment. In conclusion, 8/8 MUD should be prioritized in transplantation for AML and ALL in CR1. However, the MUD coordination period and improvements in RD/1AGMM-GVH transplantation might change the donor selection priority in transplantation for ALL in CR1.
Tc-99m MIBI Brain SPECT of Cerebellopontine Angle Tumors
Authors: CHAN H. PARK, ROBERT SATALOFF, MICHAEL RICHARD, JAMES ZHANG, SUNG M. KIM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

To prospectively evaluate the imaging feasibility of Tc-99m sestamibi brain SPECT of cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumors, seven patients with CPA lesions seen on CT or MRI and five normal control subjects underwent brain SPECT using a triple-headed camera. Five of these patients had acoustic neuromas, one had a meningloma, and the other had a vascular loop. Subsequently, four patients underwent surgery. In normal control subjects and patients with CPA lesions, there was Tc-99m sestamibi activity in the pituitary gland, choroid plexi, and extraocular muscles. The uptake in these structures, especially the choroid plexi could not be blocked by the oral administration of potassium perchlorate in two normal subjects. Four of seven patients with CPA lesions larger than 1.0 cm in diameter showed tumor uptake (3 acoustic schwannomas, 1 meningloma). Two small ( > 1.0 cm in diameter) intracanalicular type acoustic neuromas failed to show uptake, despite additional attenuation correction for the petrous bone. There was no abnormal uptake in the patient with a vascular loop in the CPA. Preliminary data suggest that, with the exception of small intracanalicular neuromas, CPA tumors can be imaged using Tc-99m sestamibi brain SPECT.