tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Is this the beginning of unravelling the puzzle of COPD exacerbations?
Authors: R. Rodríguez-Roisin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

The natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of a progressive lung function reduction, essentially expressed by an accelerated decline in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), with limited exercise activity, poor health status and systemic (extrapulmonary) effects, all interspersed with a varying frequency of episodes of COPD exacerbation. Frequency of COPD exacerbations increases with increased disease severity, mostly in patients with advanced COPD (FEV1 <50% predicted), who are often prone to frequent and repeated episodes.

COPD exacerbations have a serious impact on patients in terms of lung function decline or disease progression, morbidity and mortality, and poor quality of life, and involve huge economic costs. A background of lower FEV1 and frequent COPD exacerbations, defined as at least three episodes over the previous year within a geographic area 1, are considered vital risk factors for hospitalisation for a COPD exacerbation. Episodes of COPD exacerbation most commonly result in more severe airflow obstruction, with gas exchange 2 and pulmonary haemodynamic worsening 3, the latter being also predictive of hospitalisation for these exacerbations. Prognosis following severe hospitalised COPD exacerbation is also very poor, with high mortality rates at 2 yrs 4. According to the World Health Organization, COPD deaths are set to increase to ∼5 million annually, making this the fifth leading cause of global mortality 5. Moreover, the socio-economic burden to the different healthcare services is dramatic. While a global survey estimated considerable annual direct costs 6, hospital admissions for COPD exacerbation increase the economic burden 7. Altogether, COPD exacerbations represent one of the major battle fields of the physicians' clinical load, who in addition have access to a limited therapeutic armamentarium.

In the current issue of the European Respiratory Journal , new evidence of the complex interaction …
MACROPHAGE PLASMA MEMBRANES
Authors: Ralph L. Nachman, Barbara Ferris, James G. Hirsch
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

Plasma membranes have been isolated from pure populations of rabbit alveolar macrophages which were swollen in water, fixed briefly with glutaraldehyde, disrupted by Dounce homogenization, and separated by sucrose gradient centrifugation. The recovered membranes exhibited good structural preservation and enzymatic activity; both morphologic and biochemical evidence indicated a high degree of purity (>90%) of the membrane preparation. Interiorized plasma membranes were also prepared without exposure to glutaraldehyde from phagocytic vacuoles recovered from alveolar macrophages which had ingested large numbers of polystyrene spheres. These membranes were contaminated with lysosomal constituents, but they were nevertheless of value for comparison to the "pure" membranes isolated by the glutaraldehyde procedure. Acrylamide gel electrophoresis of the solubilized plasma membranes and phagolysosomal membranes revealed similar protein patterns, with seven to nine individual components ranging in molecular weight from 70,000 to 140,000. The two most rapidly migrating components gave positive reactions for lipid as well as protein. A band containing carbohydrate was detected near the origin of the plasma membrane gels. Antisera were made by injecting guinea pigs with the purified rabbit alveolar macrophage plasma membranes. Gel diffusion and immunoelectrophoretic study of these antisera established the presence of rabbit immunoglobulin G and of one or two other antigenic constituents in the membrane preparation.
<i>Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz</i>
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Infection of a prosthetic knee joint with Peptostreptococcus magnus.
Authors: U.M Davies, A.M Leak, J Davé
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

Infection of a prosthetic knee joint with Peptostreptococcus magnus in an immunosuppressed patient with rheumatoid arthritis is described. The organism is a skin commensal, generally thought to be of low pathogenicity; the difficulty in making the diagnosis is emphasised.
SOME EXPERIENCES IN RECTAL SURGERY
Authors: C. Gordon-Watson
Journal: BMJ (1924)

I DO not propose to weary you with statistics, to magnify my successes or to minimize my failures, but rather to demonstrate some of the difficulties and pitfalls in diagnosis and treatment I personally have encountered, and to com- ment on some of the interesting cases that I have dealt with.I remember a delightful address given by the late Sir James Goodhart entitled " Where memory sleeps," in which he urged the profession to record its failures.It is a good thing to review the past.Memory too often sleeps over failures, while we are wide awake to our successes.It is indeed strange, on looking back, to find that we have acquired in the past some experience which has failed to serve us in the present, over which memory Jlias slept. RECTAL PAIN.The absence of sensibility to pain in the rectum has its advantages and disadvanitages in health and disease.In * A paper read before the City of London Division of the British Medical Association, at the MIctropolitan Hospital, December Ilth, 1923. the cause of the -pain is a rectal ulcer (in itself painless), and there is often much kudos to be gained in the di.a-
Monoclonal antibodies: magic bullets with a hefty price tag
Authors: A. F. Shaughnessy
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Sales of monoclonal antibodies are projected to reach more than $160bn in the US alone over the next few years so is it any wonder that drug companies fiercely protect their profits? <b>Allen Shaughnessy</b> considers why these unique and complex drugs are so eyewateringly expensive
Prostate Cancer Detection in Men With Serum PSA Concentrations of 2.6 to 4.0 ng/mL and Benign Prostate Examination
Authors: William J. Catalona, Deborah S. Smith, David K. Ornstein
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To determine the detection rate of prostate cancer in a screening population of men with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentrations of 2.6 to 4.0 ng/mL and a benign prostate examination, to assess the clinicopathological features of the cancers detected, and to assess the usefulness of measuring the ratio of free to total PSA to reduce the number of prostatic biopsies.A community-based study of serial screening for prostate cancer with serum PSA measurements and prostate examinations.University medical center.A total of 914 consecutive screening volunteers aged 50 years or older with serum PSA levels of 2.6 to 4.0 ng/mL who had a benign prostate examination and no prior screening tests suspicious for prostate cancer, 332 (36%) of whom underwent biopsy of the prostate.Cancer detection rate, clinical and pathological features of cancers detected, and specificity for cancer detection using measurements of percentage of free PSA.Cancer was detected in 22% (73/332) of men who underwent biopsy. All cancers detected were clinically localized, and 81% (42/52) that were surgically staged were pathologically organ confined. Ten percent of the cancers were clinically low-volume and low-grade tumors, and 17% of those surgically staged were low-volume and low-grade or moderately low-grade tumors (possibly harmless). Using a percentage of free PSA cutoff of 27% or less as a criterion for performing prostatic biopsy would have detected 90% of cancers, avoided 18% of benign biopsies, and yielded a positive predictive value of 24% in men who underwent biopsy.There is an appreciable rate of detectable prostate cancer in men with serum PSA levels of 2.6 to 4.0 ng/mL. The great majority of cancers detected have the features of medically important tumors. Free serum PSA measurements may reduce the number of additional biopsies required by the lower PSA cutoff.
Affluent Drowning Victims; Manacled Minds
Authors: Elizabeth MacNeill-Yoshino
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> The recent editorial by Dr Orlowski<sup>1</sup>asserts that drowning has become an accident of affluence. Significant data exist to the contrary. Drowning rates actually vary inversely with per capita income of the area of residence, decreasing as income increases.<sup>2</sup> Several studies<sup>2-3</sup>have also shown that minorities are overrepresented as drowning victims. In our own community, Pima County, Arizona, we reviewed records.of deaths due to drowning for all children 18 years old or younger for the years 1980 through 1986. Thirty-nine drowning deaths occurred during this period. Of these, 19 (49%) were identified on death certificates as black, Mexican-American, or Native American. However, these racial groups combined constitute only 25% of the population. Whites represented 51% of the drowning deaths while making up 75% of the population. The drowning victims who were minorities were also identified as residing in census tracts with low average per
Abstract 4497: TW01001, a novel piperazinedione compound, induces mitotic arrest and autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells.
Authors: Mei-Chuan Chen, Hui-Po Wang, Chun-Han Chen, Yi-Nan Liu, Shiow-Ling Pan, Che-Ming Teng
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Targeting cellular mitosis in tumor cells is an attractive treatment strategy. Here, we report TW01001, a novel compound from the sodium 3-((6-((Z)-((Z)-5-benzylidene-3,6-dioxopiperazin-2-ylidene)methyl)pyridin-3-yloxy)methyl)benzoate, as a new mitotic inhibitor which inhibit tubulin polymerization for non-small cell lung cancer treatment. We focus the detailed mechanism of action of TW01001 in a non-small cell lung carcinoma cell line A549 cells. Treatment of A549 cells with TW01001 caused the cells to accumulate at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, with a concomitant induction of mitotic phase marker such as MPM2, cyclin B, and phospho-Histone H3. An increase levels of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) Thr161 phosphorylation and bcl-2 Ser70 phosphorylation was found in TW01001-treated cells, suggesting the drug induced CDK1 activity. We showed that the p53 accumulation was detected and was required for the TW01001-induced mitotic arrest. Moreover, TW01001 induced autophagy concentration- and time-dependently by the conversion of microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3-I) to LC3-II and p62/SQSTM1 degradation. After 48 h of TW01001 exposure, apoptotic cell death occurred by revealing caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage. Notably, blockade of autophagy by either pharmacological inhibitor or siRNAs targeting Atg5 resulted in reduced cytotoxicity in response to TW01001, suggesting that TW01001-induced autophagy led to cell death. Taken together, these results indicated that the combination of autophagy inducers might be attractive for the management of cancer therapy and provides the framework for further development of TW01001 as a new therapeutic agent for lung cancer treatment. Citation Format: Mei-Chuan Chen, Hui-Po Wang, Chun-Han Chen, Yi-Nan Liu, Shiow-Ling Pan, Che-Ming Teng. TW01001, a novel piperazinedione compound, induces mitotic arrest and autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4497. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4497
Azacitidine for treatment of imminent relapse in MDS or AML patients after allogeneic HSCT: results of the RELAZA trial
Authors: U Platzbecker, M Wermke, J Radke, U Oelschlaegel, F Seltmann, A Kiani, I-M Klut, H Knoth, C Röllig, J Schetelig, B Mohr, X Graehlert, G Ehninger, M Bornhäuser, C Thiede
Journal: Leukemia (2011)

This study evaluated azacitidine as treatment of minimal residual disease (MRD) determined by a sensitive donor chimerism analysis of CD34+ blood cells to pre-empt relapse in patients with CD34+ myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). At a median of 169 days after HSCT, 20/59 prospectively screened patients experienced a decrease of CD34+ donor chimerism to <80% and received four azacitidine cycles (75 mg/m2/day for 7 days) while in complete hematologic remission. A total of 16 patients (80%) responded with either increasing CD34+ donor chimerism to ⩾80% (n=10; 50%) or stabilization (n=6; 30%) in the absence of relapse. Stabilized patients and those with a later drop of CD34+ donor chimerism to <80% after initial response were eligible for subsequent azacitidine cycles. A total of 11 patients (55%) received a median of 4 (range, 1–11) additional cycles. Eventually, hematologic relapse occurred in 13 patients (65%), but was delayed until a median of 231 days (range, 56–558) after initial decrease of CD34+ donor chimerism to <80%. In conclusion, pre-emptive azacitidine treatment has an acceptable safety profile and can substantially prevent or delay hematologic relapse in patients with MDS or AML and MRD after allogeneic HSCT.
Response to Propranolol and Diazepam in Somatic and Psychic Anxiety
Authors: P. J. Tyrer, M. H. Lader
Journal: BMJ (1974)

A total of 12 chronically anxious psychiatric outpatients were treated with racemic propranolol (Inderal), diazepam (Valium), and placebo for one week each, using a balanced cross-over experimental design. Six patients had predominantly somatic anxiety, complaining mostly of bodily symptoms, and six had mainly psychic anxiety, complaining primarily of psychological symptoms. Clinical ratings of anxiety were made by patient and psychiatrist after each treatment. Though diazepam was in general more effective than propranolol or placebo in relieving anxiety, propranolol was more effective than placebo in patients with somatic anxiety but not in those with psychic anxiety. We suggest that propranolol should be reserved for patients whose anxiety symptoms are mainly somatic.
Cigarette Smoking and Risk of Cataracts
Authors: R.T. Ravenholt
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To the Editor.  —Reports of tobaccosis cataract among physicians and nurses 1,2 strengthen our knowledge of the role of cigarette smoking in the causation of cataract, while also indicating a need for improved understanding of the pathogenesis and prevention of cataract.  A common thread in the many conditions involved in the epidemiology of cataract—aging, smoking, ultraviolet light exposure, hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary thrombosis, diabetes, and the like—is mutagenesis by ionizing radiation, chemicals, and viruses, causing deviation of cellular characteristics from the normal, 3 accelerated aging, and a broad spectrum of degenerative diseases including cataract.  When seeking causes of the occurrence of precocious cataract in individuals and populations, one should remember that the principal determinants are inherent genetic structures modified by lifetime exposure to radiant, inhaled, and ingested mutagens—and that effects of cell ablation and mutation in early life are magnified by growth and development of the organism, as stated in a
Extensively drug resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Stephen D Lawn, Robert Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Tuberculosis outbreaks in the developed world are newsworthy. However in the developing world where deaths from tuberculosis are common it takes something exceptional for an outbreak to attract much attention. In response to a recent report at the 16th international AIDS conference and to increasing South African media reports the World Health Organization last week expressed concern about extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (also referred to as XDR tuberculosis). Among 536 culture confirmed cases of tuberculosis at a rural hospital in South Africa 41% were multidrug resistant defined as resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid (two key first line drugs). This is cause enough for concern as multidrug resistant tuberculosis has a worse outcome and its management is very difficult even in high resource settings. Even more alarming was that 53 (24%) of the isolates from multidrug resistant tuberculosis fulfilled the definition of extensively drug resistant tuberculosis--namely multidrug resistant tuberculosis that is also resistant to at least three of the six classes of second line agents. Such tuberculosis is virtually untreatable.  (excerpt)
Interaction of Tim-3 and Tim-3 ligand regulates T helper type 1 responses and induction of peripheral tolerance
Authors: Catherine A Sabatos, Sumone Chakravarti, Eugene Cha, Anna Schubart, Alberto Sánchez-Fueyo, Xin Xiao Zheng, Anthony J Coyle, Terry B Strom, Gordon J Freeman, Vijay K Kuchroo
Journal: Nature Immunology (2003)
Human listeriosis and pate: a possible association.
Authors: J McLauchlin, S M Hall, S K Velani, R J Gilbert
Journal: BMJ (1991)

To study trends in human listeriosis and determine possible sources of infection.Descriptive analysis of laboratory reports of human listeriosis together with a survey of subtypes of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from patients and foodstuffs and an interview survey of patients to obtain food histories.United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland 1985 to 1990.There was a near doubling in the incidence of human listeriosis in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland between 1985 and mid-1989 followed by a sharp decline. The upsurge in cases was caused largely by two strains of L monocytogenes, which accounted for 30-54% of the annual totals. These strains were less common before 1987 and after July 1989. A survey of paté in England and Wales in July 1989 showed that it frequently contained L monocytogenes. A similar survey in July 1990 showed a reduction in the proportions of samples contaminated. In 1989 patés from a single plant (manufacturer Y) were more likely to be contaminated by L monocytogenes and at higher levels than those from other producers. Most strains of L monocytogenes recovered from manufacturer Y's paté in 1989 were indistinguishable from those responsible for the 1987-9 upsurge in human listeriosis and were uncommon among isolates from patés from other manufacturers and from a wide range of other foodstuffs. Patients infected with the types of L monocytogenes found in paté were significantly more likely to have recently eaten paté than those affected by other strains. The start of the decline in numbers of cases of listeriosis coincided with government health warnings on paté consumption and the suspension of supplies from manufacturer Y.Contamination of paté was a likely contributory cause of the increase in the incidence of listeriosis between 1987 and 1989.
Erythrocyte Destruction by Prosthetic Heart Valves
Authors: ROBERT A. INDEGLIA, MICHAEL A. SHEA, RICHARD L. VARCO, EUGENE F. BERNSTEIN
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Immediate hemolysis induced by eight aortic and five mitral valve prostheses was measured in in vitro steady- and pulsatile-flow systems. The mean index of hemolysis (IH) for the aortic valves ranged from 0.010 to 0.031 and 0.012 to 0.035 with steady and pulsatile flow, respectively. The IH for the mitral valves ranged from 0.004 to 0.021 in the steady-flow system, and from 0.011 to 0.021 in the pulsatile system. The Barnard-UCT aortic valve and the Kay-Shiley and Portex-Hammersmith mitral valves produced the least hemolysis in each group. The graphite-benzalkonium-heparin-coated Gott-Daggett valve was the most hemolytic valve in both the mitral and the aortic groups. The degree of hemolysis demonstrated in these experiments appears to be important, particularly since several factors which are likely to have minimized these data have been cited. The calculated daily hemoglobin released from a single prosthetic valve represents a substantial fraction of a human's total hemoglobin clearance capacity and red cell regenerative capability.
Spontaneous Arteriosclerosis of the Mesenteric, Renal, and Peripheral Arteries of Repeatedly Bred Rats
Authors: BERNARD C. WEXLER, Jo tee Kwallek, Dilman Conatser
Journal: Circulation Research (1964)

Repeatedly bred male and female rats develop arteriosclerosis spontaneously. The arteriosclerosis appears to be accelerated by breeding because virgin rats of comparable age do not develop arterial disease. The arterial lesions begin in the abdominal aorta and consist of subendothelial swelling, mucopolysaccharide accumulation and eventual fibrosis. With continued, active breeding, the arterial lesions continue to increase in severity in the abdominal aorta, becoming grossly visible in the female breeder and of microscopic proportions in the male breeder. Concomitant with the increasing severity of arteriosclerosis in the abdominal aorta, the mesenteric arteries and the visceral branches also show increasing numbers of arterial lesions. The lesions in the mesenteric and visceral branches are of varied morphology. The main renal artery, for example, shows fibromuscular dysplasia, its hilar portion displays intimal basophilia and elastosis and the intrarenal branches develop intimal cushions. The male breeder develops severe, grossly visible lesions in the proximal portions of the iliac arteries, the lesions becoming less complex distally. The female breeder shows no grossly visible lesions in the iliac arteries but arteriosclerosis is severe throughout the length of the arteries to the extremities, the severity of these lesions being proportional to the arteriosclerosis in the abdominal aorta and its branches.
PHENOMENA OCCURRING ON THE FACE IN CASES OF FAVUS
Authors: H. K. TCHOBANIAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1952)

Journal Article PHENOMENA OCCURRING ON THE FACE IN CASES OF FAVUS Get access H. K. TCHOBANIAN H. K. TCHOBANIAN Professor of Dermatology, Royal Teaching Hospital, Baghdad Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 64, Issue 10, 1 October 1952, Pages 385–387, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1952.tb15802.x Published: 01 October 1952
WHAT MEANS CAN BE JUDICIOUSLY USED TO SHORTEN THE TERMAND LESSEN THE PAINS OF LABOR.
Authors: JNO. MORRIS
Journal: JAMA (1883)

[Read in the Section of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women, June, 1883.] During the discussion of this paper Dr. H. C. Ghent, of Texas, said: “I have listened with much interest to the reading of this paper. It relates to one of the most interesting and important subjects that can possibly engage the time and attention of the obstetrician. I have been astonished and disappointed. The question asked by the author is a double one, viz.: 1st, shorten the term; 2nd, lessen the pains of labor. Astonished that chloroform was not even named as an anæsthetic agent. During the first years of my practice I refrained from the use of chloroform or any other anæsthetic in obstetric practice, being prejudiced against it by the teachings of the immortal Chas. D. Meigs; but for the past fifteen years I have been in the constant habit of exhibiting chloroform for the purpose