tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
New Rules: Regulation, Markets, and the Quality of American Health Care
Authors: Jay A. Gold
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Troyen A. Brennan, MD, JD, is the leading medicolegal scholar at Harvard Medical School and School of Public Health. Donald M. Berwick, MD, president and chief executive officer of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement, probably is the leading figure in the movement for quality improvement (QI) in health care. Both maintain active clinical practices. From two such collaborators, one has high hopes for a book on emerging challenges in health regulation. To a very large extent, this book fulfills the promise. It is intelligent and extraordinarily well informed. The style is variable, perhaps reflecting the dual authorship: sometimes the reading is engaging; at other times the parade of statutes, regulations, and holdings becomes extremely dry. One misses more sustained argument against opposing views; the approach here is unlikely to convince a reader who did not start out sympathetic to it. And inevitably in a work dealing with recent developments, some
Pustular ulcerative dermatosis of the scalp
Authors: W.K. JACYK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Six young African patients are described with erosive pustular scalp lesions leading to extensive ulceration. No bacterial or fungal cause was found. Biopsies showed non-specific changes of atrophy with subacute or chronic inflammation. Four patients were malnourished and anaemic and three were infested with hookworm. The condition did not respond to antibiotics. Healing was obtained in one patient with systemic steroids. The relationship of this disorder to erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp and to pyoderma gangrenosum of atypical distribution is discussed.
Psychosis, Psychiatry, And Homicide
Authors: Thomas S. Szasz
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The report "Homicide during a psychosis induced by LSD" (<b>219</b>:869,1972) presents the "case history" of a 22-year-old graduate student who, while in Israel and while allegedly under the influence of LSD, killed one person and injured two others. A year before, after assaulting an elderly woman, "The police caught him and took him to a mental hospital where he recovered rapidly and was released in a few days." After the murder, "His parents had brought him home from Israel after he had been declared unfit to stand trial for homicide because of insanity. On admission he was noted to be a lithe, handsome young man with a guarded manner but no evidence of psychosis." Certainly, the Israeli authorities could have waited till this killer's alleged psychosis cleared, and could have then tried and punished him. Here, then, is the story of a young man who, between
A Rare Case of Synchronous Fetal Type Adenocarcinoma and Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Lung Evaluated by 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Gaetano Paone, Giorgio Treglia, Massimo Bongiovanni, Luca Ceriani, Luca Giovanella
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

A 71-year-old man underwent F-FDG PET/CT for metabolic characterization of pulmonary nodules. F-FDG PET/CT showed increased tracer uptake in a 3.5-cm left upper lobe mass. A second lesion (1.5 cm) characterized by poor F-FDG uptake was described in the same lobe. Based on these findings, the patient underwent upper left lobectomy. Histology demonstrated 2 synchronous tumors. The F-FDG-avid lesion was a rare moderately differentiated fetal type adenocarcinoma, whereas the second lesion with low F-FDG uptake was a moderately differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma. In our case, F-FDG PET/CT has been useful in metabolic characterization and staging of these synchronous rare pulmonary tumors.
Signaling through the interleukin-18 receptor α attenuates inflammation in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury
Authors: Yuji Nozaki, Koji Kinoshita, Tomohiro Yano, Kayo Asato, Toshihiko Shiga, Shoichi Hino, Kaoru Niki, Yasuaki Nagare, Kazuya Kishimoto, Hideki Shimazu, Masanori Funauchi, Itaru Matsumura
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
SEVERE BRAIN INJURY WITHOUT FOCAL SYMPTOMS.
Authors: WILLIAM A DAVISON
Journal: JAMA (1902)

<h3>The Injury.</h3> —July 8, 1902, at 7 p. m., E. L., male, aged 27, had an iron bolt, with a one-inch square top on its end, driven by direct violence through the vault of the cranium. The bolt cut through his hat and scalp, crushing in at least one square inch of the frontal and nearly as much of the left parietal bones, carrying the fragments deep into the brain substance. A triangular piece of left parietal bone, one inch wide at its base and one and one-half inches long, was broken down and rested on the brain. The front edge of the wound was one and one-half inches in front of the coronal suture, a little to the left of the median line of the frontal bone, extending across the median line probably one-half inch, thence backward across the coronal suture into the left parietal about one inch. It
Predicting drug interactions using cultured human hepatocytes Pichard L, Fabre I, Fabre G, Domergue J, Saint Aubert B, Mourad G, Maurel P. Cyclosporin A drug interactions: screening for inducers and inhibitors of cytochrome P-450 (cyclosporin A oxidase) in primary cultures of human hepatocytes and in liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos 1990;18:595–606
Authors: K Lown
Journal: Hepatology (1991)
The Quality of Quality-of-Life Measurements
Authors: Patricia M. Hudelson
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Drs Gill and Feinstein<sup>1</sup>suggest that studies measuring quality of life should provide an explicit conceptual framework for this measurement and should take the respondent's perspective into account. Both proposals seem constructive. However, these authors fail to apply the sound principles they advocate to their own measurement of the "quality of measurements." For instance, just as health status should not be equated with quality of life, the face validity of an instrument should not be confused with its overall quality. The disregard of psychometric properties<sup>2-4</sup>in defining an instrument's quality is particularly worrisome, because an instrument that has excellent face validity can be worthless if it does not satisfy minimum standards of reliability, construct validity, or sensitivity to change. Consider the "quality" of a single-item instrument consisting of the time-honored question "how are you?" to which the response is left open-ended. To fulfill the criteria
Tc-99m DTPA Uptake in Extramedullary Plasmacytoma of the Retroperitoneum
Authors: TAMIO ABURANO, KUNIHIKO YOKOYAMA, TAKATOSHI MICHIGISHI, NORIHISA TONAMI, KINICHI HISADA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

A case is presented in which uptake of Tc-99m DTPA has been demonstrated in an extramedullary plasmacytoma of the retroperitoneum. Because Ga-67 citrate does not concentrate in the same areas as Tc-99m DTPA, a radionuclide-specific uptake mechanism may be present. Extramedullary plasmacytoma should be included in the list of possible causes if extrarenal or extracentral nervous system uptake of Tc-99m DTPA occurs.
ADHERENCE TO APPROPRIATENESS USE CRITERIA OF CARDIAC SPECT IN LOW-VOLUME COMMUNITY OFFICE-BASED SETTING IMPLEMENTING MOBILE NUCLEAR CARDIOLOGY LABORATORY
Authors: Kathleen Hayes-Brown, Fareed M. Collado, Mohammed Alhaji, Ankit Maheshwari, Raj Vahistha, Jeffery Shanes, Rami Doukky
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Bilateral Basal Xe-133 Retention and Ventilation/Perfusion Patterns in Mild and Subclinical Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: HEE KYUNG LEE, JOSEPH J. SKARZYNSKI, ANTHONY SPADARO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

The Xe-133 ventilation pattern in congestive heart failure (CHF) was assessed using 24 inpatient ventilation/ perfusion studies performed to rule out pulmonary embolism. Patients with histories of CHF, myocardial infarction (Ml), and cardiomyopathy were included in the study. Frank pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, and other known lung diseases such as chronic obstructive lung disease, tumor, and pneumonia were excluded. Fifteen of the 24 patients had abnormal ventilation scans. Twelve of the 15 showed bilateral basal Xe-133 retention on washout; the remaining 3 showed diffuse, posterior regional retention. On perfusion scans, 14 of the 15 abnormal ventilation patients showed evidence of CHF such as inverted perfusion gradient, enlarged cardiac silhouette, or patchy perfusion, and all of them had a history of CHF or cardiac disease. Nine of the 24 patients had normal ventilation scans, including normal washout patterns. Seven of the nine had normal perfusion (p<0.01). Four of the nine normal ventilation patients had a history of cardiac disease or CHF but no recent acute Ml. Bilateral basal regional Xe-133 retention, coupled with perfusion scan evidence of CHF such as inverted perfusion gradient, enlarged cardiac silhouette, and patchy perfusion pattern, appears to be a sensitive and characteristic ventilation/perfusion finding in mild or subclinical CHF.
It's All About the Test: The Complexity of Companion Diagnostic Co-development in Personalized Medicine
Authors: Susan E. Bates
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

> In the middle of difficulty lies opportunity. 
> 
> —Albert Einstein 

> We are continually faced with great opportunities which are brilliantly disguised as unsolvable problems. 
> 
> —Margaret Mead 

These words distill the essence of the topic we present in this CCR Focus section. The idea
Low zone tolerance to contact allergens in mice: a functional role for CD8+ T helper type 2 cells.
Authors: K Steinbrink, C Sorg, E Macher
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Normal skin is permeable to low molecular hydrophobic substances, including allergenic chemicals. Whereas such foreign matter appears to enter the skin naturally, it rarely induces contact hypersensitivity. This suggests that immunological tolerance would be the normal state of affairs. In search of a suitable model, we painted picryl chloride or oxazolone once or repeatedly on normal skin of BALB/c or C57B1/6 mice and found subsensitizing doses to be tolerogenic. The most effective doses in inducing tolerance were doses between those at the point of inflection from no responses to threshold sensitivity. But even doses three orders of magnitude lower than these suppressed subsequent sensitization if applied repeatedly. C57B1/6 mice (low responders) were consistently easier to make tolerant than BALB/c mice (high responders). The tolerant state established by a single painting was found to be fully developed at 48 h after initiation and long-lasting (&amp;gt;14 d). It could be adoptively transferred by intravenous injection of total spleen cells (SC), lymph node cells (LNC), or purified T cells and shown to be hapten specific. Pretreatment with cyclophosphamide (Cy) prevented tolerization. The T cells capable of transferring suppressive activity were found to be generated irrespective of the dose applied. On day 2 after painting, tolerance could be transferred with LNC from both tolerant and sensitized animals. On day 5, however, only cells from tolerant donors transferred tolerance. But by action of Cy, suppression was shown to be part of every sensitization, although masked. Production of hapten-specific antibodies was suppressed as well. Through depletion by monoclonal antibody in vitro the T suppressor cells were shown to belong to the murine CD8+ subset (Lyt2+). Upon restimulation in vitro by haptenized and irradiated normal SC, LNC from tolerant donors produced predominantly interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-10. In contrast, LNC from sensitized donors produced preferentially IL-2 and interferon-gamma. Thus we demonstrate that painting subsensitizing doses of contact sensitizers on normal murine skin generates CD8+ Th2-like cells that give rise to hapten-specific tolerance. The model may have broader significance and apply to other species, including humans.
Jewish Law and the Obligation of the Physician to Heal Patients With AIDS-Reply
Authors: Fred Rosner
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In Reply.—  Dr Shalit totally missed the point of my letter concerning the physician's obligation to treat patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. I was objecting to physicians who refuse to care for patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The mandate in Judaism for the physician to heal extends to all patients irrespective of their age, sex, race, creed, disease, or lifestyle. Compassion, empathy, and concern for patients on the part of the physician are required in Jewish law. 1   Dr Shalit is mistaken when he states that homosexual orientation is a G-d— given characteristic. Judaism views homosexuality as a mental illness no different than drug addiction, transvestism, depression, schizophrenia, alcoholism, or compulsive gambling. 2 Jews who engage in such activities or suffer such symptoms are considered as full-fledged Jews. They should be counseled and treated and be the concern of outreach and proper education. G-d cherishes the life of every human
Endpoints of therapy in chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Jordan J. Feld, David K. H. Wong, Jenny E. Heathcote
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Abstract Because clearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is rarely, if ever, achievable, the goals of therapy necessarily focus on prevention of bad clinical outcomes. Ideally, therapies would be shown to prevent tangible clinical endpoints like development of cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, these endpoints typically take years or decades to occur and are therefore impractical targets for clinical trials which last only 1-2 years. As a result, surrogate biomarkers that are believed to correlate with long-term outcome are used to evaluate therapy. Of the clinical, biochemical, serological, virological, and histological endpoints that have been evaluated, none has been shown to be ideal on its own. Symptoms are uncommon and aminotransferase levels fluctuate spontaneously. Loss of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) has been the traditional therapeutic endpoint; however, the indefinite durability off treatment and the emergence of HBeAg-negative disease have made it inadequate as the sole goal of therapy. Loss of hepatitis B surface antigen is associated with improved clinical outcomes, but it is rarely achieved with current therapies. Suppression of viral replication, as measured by serum HBV DNA levels, has become the major goal of therapy, particularly if maintained off therapy. Although useful, the significance of viral levels depends on the stage of disease, degree of liver damage, and the type of therapy. Finally, liver biopsy, often considered the gold standard, is invasive, prone to sampling error, and may take years to change significantly.At present, there is no ideal biomarker for evaluation of therapies for hepatitis B. Future research should be directed at development and validation of surrogate markers that accurately predict or reflect clinically relevant outcomes of chronic hepatitis B. (Hepatology 2009;49:S96–S102.)
The rate and anisotropy of impulse propagation in the postnatal terminal crest are correlated with remodeling of Cx43 gap junction pattern
Authors: Wanda H Litchenberg, Lisa W Norman, Adria K Holwell, Kylie L Martin, Kenneth W Hewett, Robert G Gourdie
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2000)

Disruptions to intermyocyte coupling have been implicated in arrhythmogenesis and development of conduction disturbances. At present, understanding of the relationship between the microscopic organization of intercellular coupling and the macroscopic spread of impulse in the normal and diseased heart is largely confined to theoretical analyses.The abundance and arrangement of gap junctions, as well as conduction properties, were assessed in terminal crest preparations isolated from the atria of neonate, weanling, and adult rabbits. We report that the connexin composition of terminal crest was uncomplicated, with Cx43 being the most prominent isoform detectable by Western blotting and immunostaining. Terminal crest myocytes showed little change in total Cx43-gap junction per cell during postnatal growth as assessed by stereology. However, marked non-uniformities emerged in the sarcolemmal distribution of Cx43-gap junctions. Cx43-gap junction area at myocyte termini increased 3.5-fold from birth to adulthood. Correlated with this change in Cx43, impulse propagation velocity parallel to the myofiber axis, as assessed by multi-site optical mapping using voltage-sensitive dye (di-4-ANEPPS), increased 2.4-fold. Conversely, the amount of Cx43-gap junctions on myocyte sides, and the conduction velocity transverse to the myofiber axis, remained relatively invariant during maturation. Hence, the increasing electrical anisotropy of maturing terminal crest was wholly accounted for by increases in conductance velocity along the bundle. This increase in longitudinal conduction velocity was correlated with changes in the sarcolemmal pattern, but not the overall density, of Cx43-gap junctions.This study provides the first correlative structure/function analysis of the relationship between the macroscopic conduction of impulse and the microscopic cellular organization of gap junctions in a differentiating cardiac bundle. Confirmation is provided for theoretical predictions which emphasize the importance of the cell-to-cell geometry of coupling in determining the spread and pattern of myocardial activation.
Intestinal Parasites in Southeast-Asian Refugees
Authors: Andrew M. Wiesenthal
Journal: JAMA (1980)

In response to public concerns, 165 Meo Laotians had stools screened for intestinal parasites by the Illinois Department of Public Health. One hundred twenty-nine had at least one pathogenic parasite detected. Hookworm was detected most frequently, followed by Giardia lamblia, Trichuris trichiura, and Ascaris lumbricoides. Hookworm and overall infection were more frequent in persons 4 years of age and older, while giardiasis, ascariasis, and trichuriasis were most common in the 4- to 14-year age group. Most infections were helminthic and of no public health consequence in the United States. However, giardiasis was seven times as prevalent in refugee children as in the general US population, posing a potential public health risk in child-care settings.
Murine neutrophils require α1,3-fucosylation but not PSGL-1 for productive infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Authors: Jason A. Carlyon, Mustafa Akkoyunlu, Lijun Xia, Tadayuki Yago, Tian Wang, Richard D. Cummings, Rodger P. McEver, Erol Fikrig
Journal: Blood (2003)
P2-12-09: Prediction of Residual Risk of Recurrence after 5 Years of Follow-Up by Clinicopathologic Variables and 4 IHC Markers: A TransATAC Study.
Authors: I Sestak, J Cuzick, M Dowsett, J Salter, E Quinn, L Zabaglo, A Howell, A Buzdar, J Forbes
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background Adjuvant endocrine therapy beyond 5 years is known to be of benefit to some ER+ patients but it is unclear which patients have sufficient residual risk (RR) to merit this. We have previously shown that 4 immunohistochemical markers (ER, PgR, Ki67, HER-2), both alone and combined into the IHC4 score (Cuzick et al, JCO 2011) are significantly correlated with time to recurrence (TTR) in the overall follow up of a cohort of 1125 patients from the monotherapy arms of the Arimidex, Tamoxifen, Alone or in combination (ATAC) trial. We have now assessed the relationship of each of these parameters and common clinical variables (nodal status, grade, tumour size, age and treatment option) for predicting outcome beyond 5 years. Material and Methods: We determined the univariate and multivariate prognostic value of clinical variables and the 4 IHC variables separately and as the IHC4 score for TTR separately in years 0–5 and 5–10 of follow up for all patients, separately for anastrozole and tamoxifen and only in the node-negative patients. Results: Results in years 5–10 are summarized in the Table. Nodal status, tumour size and grade were at least as strong in years 5–10 as in years 0–5. Ki67 and the overall IHC4 score were the only significant IHC biomarkers related to TTR univariately in this period, but both lost significance in a multivariate model including clinical variables. There were no significant interactions with treatment. Similar results were seen for the node-negative population. Conclusions: None of the IHC4 markers provided significant additional prognostic information in the 5–10 year period, but nodal status, tumour size and grade continued to be strong prognostic factors. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-12-09.
Abstract 817: Isothiocyanates inhibit proteasome activity and proliferation of multiple myeloma cells
Authors: Lixin Mi, Nanqin Gan, Fung-Lung Chung
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Isothiocyanates (ITCs), including benzyl ITC (BITC), phenethyl ITC (PEITC), and sulforaphane, induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a variety of cancer cells and animal models. Although studies show that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation may be responsible, at least in part, for apoptosis induced by ITCs, our recent studies show that covalent binding to target proteins may actually be an important event triggering apoptosis (Cancer Res., 2007, JBC.,2008, and JBC., 2009). In this study, we report that BITC and PEITC significantly inhibit proteasome activity in a variety of cell types. Further studies show that ITCs inhibit both the 26S and 20S proteasome, presumably through direct binding, and that this inhibition is unrelated to either ROS generation or ITC-induced protein aggregation. The potency of ITC-induced proteasome inhibition correlates with the rapid accumulation of p53 (tumor suppressor) and IκB (NF-κB inhibitor). Finally, our results demonstrate that BITC and PEITC as stronger proteasome inhibitors significantly suppress growth of multiple myeloma cells through induction of cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and apoptosis. These results suggest that proteasome, like tubulin, is a potential molecular target of ITCs, unraveling a novel mechanism by which ITCs may inhibit multiple myeloma cell growth. This study provides new leads for ITC compounds with therapeutic and preventative efficacies for multiple myeloma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 817. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-817
OBESITY PARADOX FOR STROKE IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION TREATED WITH RIVAROXABAN AND WARFARIN IN THE ROCKET AF TRIAL
Authors: Somasekhara R. Balla, Derek Cyr, Yuliya Lokhnygina, Richard Becker, Scott Berkowitz, Guenter Breithardt, Robert Califf, Keith Fox, Werner Hacke, Jonathan Halperin, Graeme Hankey, Kenneth Mahaffey, Christopher Nessel, Jonathan Piccini, Daniel Singer, Manesh Patel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
RELATION OF THE SUPRARENALS TO THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Authors: R. G. HOSKINS
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The existence of some sort of relationship between the suprarenals and the sympathetic nervous system was foreshadowed by Addison's and Brown-Sequard's observations seventy-five years ago that disease or destruction of these glands results in a train of symptoms in which circulatory weakness is a prominent feature. This probability was rendered almost a certainty by the work of Oliver and Schafer and of Cybuski and Szymonowicz some thirty years ago. These observers showed that suprarenal extracts powerfully stimulate the arterioles to contract and the heart to beat more forcefully, results that are likewise brought about by sympathetic stimulation. These observers determined that the potent principle was obtainable from the medulla but not from the cortex of the gland. Elliot, in 1905, rounding out the investigations of Langley and Brodie and Dixon, determined that injections of suprarenal extracts and stimulation of sympathetic nerves give similar results throughout the body. This first half-century's