tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tinel's Percussion Test For Nerve Involvement
Authors: E. H. Rentschler
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Regarding "Tinel's Percussion Test for Intraspinal Sensory Nerve Root Involvement" (<b>208</b>: 152, 1969), the example mentioned by Dr. Scott was that of pain and other sensory symptoms radiating into the thumb and index finger. He does not mention where he elicited the Tinel's sign. If this is done by tapping over the flexor aspect of the wrist, he may be eliciting the paresthesia by tapping over a median nerve involved by compression at the level of the carpal canal. Contrary to the original ideas of the necessity of having sensory involvement of the entire median nerve from a carpal tunnel syndrome, it is not unusual to have involvement of only one or two fingers so far as the sensory symptoms are concerned. It also is not unusual, in my experience, to have symptoms which ten years ago I would have felt was typical of nerve root involvement
Stent Thrombosis Redux — The FDA Perspective
Authors: Andrew Farb, Ashley B. Boam
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Stent Thrombosis Redux — The FDA Perspective Dr. Andrew Farb and Ashley Boam write that as compared with on-label use, off-label use of drug-eluting stents is associated with increased risks of both early and late stent thrombosis, as well as death or myocardial infarction. Given the benefits and risks, physicians should consider certain patient characteristics in deciding whether to use a drug-eluting or a bare-metal stent. Dr. Donald Baim, chief medical and scientific officer of Boston Scientific, and Dr. Steven Nissen, chairman of The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine at The Cleveland Clinic, discuss the risks and benefits of drug-eluting stents.
cRGD-directed, NIR-responsive and robust AuNR/PEG–PCL hybrid nanoparticles for targeted chemotherapy of glioblastoma in vivo
Authors: Yinan Zhong, Chao Wang, Ru Cheng, Liang Cheng, Fenghua Meng, Zhuang Liu, Zhiyuan Zhong
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Doctor convicted of helping patient to commit suicide may be retried
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A Dutch general practitioner found guilty of helping an infirm but not seriously ill elderly patient to commit suicide could face a retrial.

The Netherlands solicitor general Nico Keijzer has advised the High Court that the legal test case should be retried in the light of the new law on euthanasia and assisted suicide that came into effect after the case was heard in December last year ( BMJ 2001;323:1384).

He writes that it should be investigated whether applying the new law could be more favourable to the accused. He also argues that …
Regulation of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Activity in PTEN-Inactive Prostate Cancer Cells by IκB Kinase α
Authors: Han C. Dan, Mazhar Adli, Albert S. Baldwin
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a mediator of cell growth, survival, and energy metabolism at least partly through its ability to regulate mRNA translation. mTOR is activated downstream of growth factors, insulin, and Akt-dependent signaling associated with oncoprotein expression or loss of the tumor-suppressor PTEN. In this regard, mTOR activity is associated with cancer cell growth and survival. Here, we have explored an involvement of the IκB kinase (IKK) pathway, associated with nuclear factor-κB activation, in controlling mTOR activity. The experiments show that IKKα controls mTOR kinase activity in Akt-active, PTEN-null prostate cancer cells, with less involvement by IKKβ. In these cells, IKKα associates with mTOR, as part of the TORC1 complex, in an Akt-dependent manner. Additionally, IKKα is required for efficient induction of mTOR activity downstream of constitutively active Akt expression. The results indicate a novel role for IKKα in controlling mTOR function in cancer cells with constitutive Akt activity. [Cancer Res 2007;67(13):6263–9]
Computer-aided prediction of gangrenous and perforating appendicitis.
Authors: D F Graham
Journal: BMJ (1977)

The clinical details of 100 patients with proved acute appendicitis were compared with those of 100 patients with perforating or gangrenous appendicitis. Twenty features were found to be significantly different between the two groups. This information was incorporated into a computer data base and used in the differential diagnosis of abdominal pain. A program written to predict the probability that gangrene or perforation was present in patients with appendicitis gave a diagnostic accuracy over 91%. A clinical scoring index, which accurately predicted the state of the appendix in 88% of patients, was constructed from the significant differences between the two groups. When clinical scoring or computer analysis predicts a high probability of perforation or gangrene in patients with appendicitis, surgery should be performed without delay.
Potent antifibrotic activity of mTOR inhibitors sirolimus and everolimus but not of cyclosporine A and tacrolimus in experimental liver fibrosis
Authors: Eleonora Patsenker, Vreni Schneider, Monika Ledermann, Hans Saegesser, Christoph Dorn, Claus Hellerbrand, Felix Stickel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
EXPERIMENTAL TYPE III PNEUMOCOCCUS PNEUMONIA IN MONKEYS
Authors: Thomas Francis, Edward E. Terrell, René Dubos, Oswald T. Avery
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1934)

The effects of specific enzyme therapy upon experimental Type III pneumococcus pneumonia in monkeys were studied by comparing the course and outcome of the disease in treated animals with that in animals which received no therapeutic aid. Enzyme treatment was found to exert a distinctly favorable influence upon the experimental pneumonia. Treatment was followed by cessation of spread of the pneumonic lesion, sterilization of the blood, and early recovery, except in animals in which the severity of the disease was extreme. While in the untreated animals a high incidence of empyema and pericarditis was observed, suppurative sequelae were apparently prevented by adequate enzyme therapy. The limitations of the therapeutic action of the specific enzyme in the presence of marked depression of the cellular reaction in infected animals are again emphasized.
Can risk score models help in reducing serious outcome events in patients with stable angina?
Authors: Christian Juhl Terkelsen, Werner Vach
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Clayton and colleagues have derived “a risk score for the combination of deaths from all causes, myocardial infarction, and disabling stroke in patients with stable symptomatic angina who require treatment for angina and have preserved left ventricular function.”1 They conclude that their proposed model “is an objective aid in deciding on further management of patients with stable angina with the objective of reducing serious outcome events.”

The message is scientifically interesting. However, can the proposed risk score model become an aid to deciding on pharmacological and interventional treatment in the real world clinical setting?

First of all, the representativeness of the proposed risk score may be questioned because they used a highly selected population (20 selection criteria) …
Block of delayed rectifier potassium current, IK, by flecainide and E-4031 in cat ventricular myocytes.
Authors: C H Follmer, T J Colatsky
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Block of the delayed rectifier potassium current, IK, by the class IC antiarrhythmic agent, flecainide, and by the novel selective class III antiarrhythmic agent, E-4031, were compared in isolated cat ventricular myocytes using the single suction-pipette, voltage-clamp technique. Flecainide (10 microM) markedly reduced IK elicited on depolarization steps to plateau voltages (+10 mV) and nearly completely blocked the "tail currents" elicited on repolarization to -40 mV (93 +/- 4% block at +40 mV, n = 3). E-4031 (1 microM) produced similar effects (96 +/- 3% block at +40 mV, n = 3). Slow voltage ramps from -100 to +40 mV confirmed inward rectifying properties of IK and showed that flecainide and E-4031 have no effects on the background potassium current, IK1. Thus, the results demonstrate that block of IK is a common feature of flecainide and E-4031. IK block by E-4031 most likely underlies the drug's potent class III antiarrhythmic properties. On the other hand, flecainide block of IK during an action potential would tend to prolong repolarization, but this effect may be obscured by concomitant block of plateau Na+ channels to produce little or no change in action potential duration, consistent with its class IC classification.
The placenta--an environmental problem.
Authors: D I Rushton
Journal: BMJ (1973)

<h3>Summary</h3> Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) have undergone substantial structural remodelling throughout evolution. Compared to their prokaryotic counterparts, mitoribosomes show a substantial loss of ribosomal RNA, whilst acquiring unique protein subunits located on the periphery of the ribosomal subunit structures. We set out to investigate the functional properties of all 14 unique (mitochondrial-specific or supernumerary) human mitoribosomal proteins in the small subunit. Using genome editing with CRISPR-Cas9, we made knockouts for each subunit in HEK293 cells to study the effect on mitoribosome assembly and function in protein synthesis. Unexpectedly, we show that each supernumerary knockout leads to a unique mitoribosome assembly defect with variable impact on mitochondrial protein synthesis. Our data demonstrates that all supernumerary subunits are essential structural components except mS37. Surprisingly, we found the stability of mS37 was reduced in all our supernumerary knockouts of the small and large ribosomal subunits as well as patient-derived lines with mitoribosome assembly defects. We identified that a redox regulated CX<sub>9</sub>C motif in mS37 was essential for protein stability, suggesting a potential mechanism to regulate mitochondrial protein synthesis. Together, our findings support a modular assembly of the human mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit mediated by essential supernumerary subunits and identify a redox regulatory role involving mS37 in mitochondrial protein synthesis in health and disease.
154 THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF DE NOVO ARGININE GENERATION AND ARGINASE ACTIVITY TO WHOLE BODY ARGININE METABOLISM IN ACUTE LIVER FAILURE
Authors: N. Davies, G. TenHave, V. Sharma, L. Ytrebo, S. Sen, C. Rose, A. Revhaug, R.P. Mookerjee, R. Jalan, N. Deutz
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Erythromycin Hepatotoxicity
Authors: LAWRENCE C. SWAYNE, JANA KOLC
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

An unusual cause of a cholescintigraphic, false-positive, erythromycin-induced hepatotoxicity is presented. This occurred in the presence of preservation of hepatic uptake and the normal appearance of gut activity. Serial scintigraphy and serum chemistries documented underlying gallbladder normalcy.
Sensor-Triggered, Rate-Variable Cardiac Pacing
Authors: DAVID G. BENDITT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Conventional implantable dual-chamber cardiac pacemakers adjust heart rate and maintain normal atrial and ventricular contraction by tracking "native" atrial electrical activity and pacing the ventricles after a predetermined programmable atrioventricular delay. However, in patients with symptomatic bradyarrhythmias, optimal function of "atrial-tracking" devices may be limited by concomitant sinoatrial disease. Provision of chronotropic response during physical exertion or emotional stress may be achieved by using physiologic sensors to alter pacing rate independently of atrial activity. Additional systems using sensor technologies are being developed. Future pacing systems will have dual-chamber pacing capability and may use several sensors coupled synergistically in order to take advantage of particular strengths of each. Physiologic sensor technology may be of diagnostic value in both antitachycardia devices and implantable cardioverter and defibrillator systems. [MeSH terms: arrhythmia; bradycardia; cardiac output; cardiac pacing, artificial; electric stimulation; exertion; heart atrium; heart rate; heart ventricle; implants, artificial; myocardial contraction; pacemaker, artificial; sinoatrial node; stroke volume. Other indexing terms: chronotropic incompetence; evoked QT interval; physiologic sensors; single-chamber rate variable pulse generators]
THE INFLUENCE OF SUBCORTICAL (DIENCEPHALIC) BRAIN LESIONS ON EMOTIONALITY AS REFLECTED IN THE RORSCHACH COLOR RESPONSES
Authors: V. ADALBERT KRAL, HERBERT DÖRKEN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1951)

We have attempted to correlate the neuropsychiatric observations with our psychological investigations concerning emotional impairment with diencephalic lesions. The implications of the complete absence of color response to the Rorschach, in our 9 cases, were discussed in an attempt to lend further insight into the empirically long-established relation of color to affect. Thanks are extended to Dr. George E. Reed, Medical Superintendent, for his cooperation and kind permission to publish this paper.
Failure of Recommended Treatment for Secondary Syphilis
Authors: David M. Markovitz
Journal: JAMA (1986)

THE CENTERS for Disease Control (CDC) currently recommends that early syphilis (primary, secondary, and latent syphilis of less than a year's duration) be treated with 2.4 million units of penicillin G benzathine administered intramuscularly (IM) at a single session.<sup>1</sup>This treatment schedule has been found to have a clinical and/or serological failure rate ranging from less than 1% to 3%.<sup>2-4</sup>Other regimens have been reported to be more effective,<sup>5,6</sup>and controversy exists regarding optimal antibiotic treatment of early disease. We recently witnessed a dramatic relapse of secondary syphilis that occurred five months after the patient had been treated according to current CDC guidelines. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 21-year-old white male homosexual was admitted to Strong Memorial Hospital of the University of Rochester, NY, in July 1984, with a generalized rash, left leg weakness, and a positive rapid plasma reagin test (RPR). He had been sexually active
P-glycoprotein–actin association through ERM family proteins: a role in P-glycoprotein function in human cells of lymphoid origin
Authors: Francesca Luciani, Agnese Molinari, Francesco Lozupone, Annarica Calcabrini, Luana Lugini, Annarita Stringaro, Patrizia Puddu, Giuseppe Arancia, Maurizio Cianfriglia, Stefano Fais
Journal: Blood (2002)
Error in medicine
Authors: B. M. Bell
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —A significant cause for error in medicine is omitted in Dr Leape's 1 elegant and well-thought-out article. As is known well to all who participate in graduate medical education, many of the mistakes that harm or kill patients are those committed by house staff. 2 This unfortunate situation is also not studied or discussed in the relevant citations in Leape's article. Consideration of this problem may further explain Leape's question, Why is the error rate in the practice of medicine so high? In his discussion of the Mechanisms of Cognitive Errors, he makes a compelling case for explaining why the error problem among house officers is so high. As he suggests, it is attributable to sleep deprivation, chronic fatigue, and inadequate supervision. The culture of medical practice experienced by undergraduate and graduate (resident) medical students encourages them to hide what they do not know, and it makes
Large Fluctuating Abdominal Swelling: Rapid Disappearance, with Excessive Urinary Discharge
Authors: W. R. Lane
Journal: BMJ (1871)

THE BRITISH MEDICAL YOURNALated students from other German Universities.The ordinary undergraduate student has, as with us, but little time for extra courses, so that the supply of more advanced special instruction is closely connected with the attractiveness of the school as a whole, which causes it to be visited by learners from a distance, who have already acquired their necessary qualifications.It would be impossible
Errington (“Dick”) Ellis
Authors: Alan Craft
Journal: BMJ (2006)

of medicine at Oxford, Emory, Yale, and Washington, who discovered the pathology of fever in infections and advocated death with dignity At the height of the brain drain, when Britain was haemorrhaging researchers to the United States, Paul Beeson left a chair of medicine at Yale to become Nuffield professor of medicine at Oxford.He reformed the curriculum, edited two textbooks and the Oxford Companion to Medicine, and laid the foundations for Oxford's pre-eminence in infectious diseases.He was awarded an honorary KBE.Beeson inspired generations of students with his concern for patients.He showed that hepatitis could be transmitted by blood transfusion, and brought new insights into the causes of high persistent fevers.He also discovered the cytokine interleukin-1.During the second world war he was one of the volunteer US doctors who staffed Harvard Hospital in Salisbury.He was professor of medicine at three US universities: Emory, Yale, and Washington.Although he started as a conservative who intended to follow a career in private practice, he ended as a liberal concerned with the uninsured and old, medical ethics, and the medical consequences of nuclear warfare.Professor John Stein of Oxford University told the BMJ, "Paul Beeson was a wonderful clinician, and incredibly kind to young people like me."Paul Beeson was born in rural Montana, United States, and brought up in Anchorage, Alaska, where
Determinants of Body Fat in Infants of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Differ With Fetal Sex
Authors: Barbara E. Lingwood, Alexandra M. Henry, Michael C. d’Emden, Amanda-Mei Fullerton, Robin H. Mortimer, Paul B. Colditz, Kim-Anh Lê Cao, Leonie K. Callaway
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

Neonatal adiposity is a well-recognized complication of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study aimed to identify factors influencing adiposity in male and female infants of women treated for GDM.This was a prospective study of 84 women with GDM. Daily blood glucose levels (BGLs) were retrieved from glucose meters, and overall mean fasting and mean 2-h postprandial BGLs were calculated for each woman. Infant body composition was measured at birth, and regression analysis was used to identify significant predictors of infant body fat separately in male and female infants.Maternal fasting BGL was the major predictor of adiposity in male infants but had little relationship to adiposity in female infants. In male infants, percent fat was increased by 0.44% for each 0.1 mmol/L increase in mean maternal fasting BGL. Maternal BMI was the primary predictor in female infants but had little effect in males. In female infants, percent fat was increased by 0.11% for each 1 kg/m(2) increase in maternal prepregnancy BMI.Fetal sex may influence the impact that treatment strategies for GDM have on infant adiposity.
Increased heme oxygenase-1 gene expression in liver cells and splanchnic organs from portal hypertensive rats
Authors: Mercedes Fernandez, Herbert L. Bonkovsky
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Heme oxygenase (HO) catalyzes the conversion of heme into biliverdin, iron, and carbon monoxide (CO). Two isoforms of HO have been identified: the inducible HO–1 and the constitutive HO–2. CO, like nitric oxide, is an endogenous vasodilator that could contribute to modulation of systemic and local vascular tone. The aim of the present study was to determine the expression of HO isoforms in liver cells and splanchnic organs from portal hypertensive (PH) and sham–operated (SO) rats. Liver cells (hepatocytes, Kupffer and stellate cells), and splanchnic organs (liver, mesentery, intestine, colon, and spleen) were isolated from PH and SO rats. Expression of HO mRNA and protein was assessed by reverse–transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) and Western blot analysis, respectively. In SO rats, HO–1 mRNA expression was only detected in spleen. In contrast, in PH rats, HO–1 mRNA was expressed in hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and in all the splanchnic organs studied. Moreover, levels of HO–1 protein in splanchnic organs were significantly higher in PH rats than in SO animals. In addition, HO–2 expression was observed in all liver cell types and splanchnic organs studied from both PH and SO rats. These results indicate that HO–2 is expressed in parenchymal and nonparenchymal liver cells, as well as splanchnic organs, of both PH and SO rats. In addition, HO–1 is up–regulated in hepatocytes and splanchnic organs of PH rats, compared with SO animals, suggesting a possible pathophysiological role of HO–1 in chronic portal hypertension.
The Heart and the Atrial Natriuretic Factor*
Authors: M. CANTIN, J. GENEST
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1985)

The search for natriuretic hormones or factors by studies of negative pressure breathing, atrial distension experiments, head-out water immersion, expansion of blood volume, Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitors and parabiosis experiments in Dahl rats has led to the finding that the atria are a peptide-secreting endocrine gland. This new natriuretic hormone has now been purified, sequenced and synthetized, and its cDNA and gene have been cloned. The native and synthetic hormones exert identical wide ranging effects (possibly through particulate guanylate cyclase stimulation and adenylate cyclase inhibition) on the kidney, blood vessels, adrenal cortex, and pituitary. Physiopathologic implications of the hormone in experimental hypertension, congestive heart failure, and expansion of blood volume are beginning to emerge.
Vesical Dysfunction Due to Prolapsed Disc
Authors: J. C. Ross, R. M. Jameson
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Neural disturbance of micturition may occur as a result of a prolapsed intervertebral disc. Single nerve root lesions are unlikely to cause bladder dysfunction; a massive central protrusion producing total blockage of the vertebral canal or multiple disc lesions are more likely to cause disturbance of voiding. High lesions are more prone to cause severe bladder dysfunction. Vesical dysfunction may sometimes be present without the typical back and leg pain. Provided a gynaecological cause is excluded, any young or middle-aged woman developing incontinence and retention with a sterile urine must be fully investigated to exclude a disc lesion. Once the disc has been removed, bladder function will improve, but in some cases recovery will be slow. Rarely some patients have permanent bladder dysfunction following a disc operation.
Letter: Breast cancer in young women.
Authors: J A Waterhouse, M P Prior
Journal: BMJ (1975)

presenting with the severe form of this ill- ness, as described above.Surgery should be avoided,' 2 as the majority of cases described have improved with supportive treatmente-3 together with systemic and/or local steroids and more recently cholestyramine.4A firm diagnosis can usually be made at sigmoido- scopy and rectal biopsy, thereby distinguishing it from acute ulcerative colitis, which the barium enema cannot do.5Clindamycin-associated pseudomembranous colitis is now well described.Estimates of the incidence in patients taking this drug vary from 000001 % 2 to 10% .3As this ill- ness may be severe, protracted, and life- threatening we wish to make a plea that this antibiotic be used only for severe anaerobic infections such as bacteroides septicaemia.We feel that its activity against Gram- positive infections does not justify its use against these organisms as the drug of choice.-Weare, etc.,