tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Variant Angina Pectoris
Authors: BÉLA PÁLOSSY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 May 1972Variant Angina PectorisBÉLA PÁLOSSY, M.D., SÁNDOR SZÉPLAKI, M.D.BÉLA PÁLOSSY, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, SÁNDOR SZÉPLAKI, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-832 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The very interesting paper by Silverman and Flamm (Ann Intern Med 75:339-343, 1971) about the variant form of angina pectoris prompted us to report that we have seen two similar cases.In one patient in studying the cause of his chest pain, a Master's two-step test was done. After 20 steps a transitory unconsciousness was caused by ventricular arrhythmia. At the onset of this dangerous state an unusual ischemic ST elevation, the "Prinzmetal dome phenomenon," was seen. During selective coronary arteriography of the left coronary artery, done 2 months later, an intensive chest pain and multiple ventricular... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: BÉLA PÁLOSSY, M.D.; SÁNDOR SZÉPLAKI, M.D.Affiliations: IVth Department of Internal Medicine Postgraduate Medical School Budapest XIII Hungary PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTheoretical Investigation of Metal Hydrides : Electronic Properties and Superconductivity 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 832-832KeywordsAnginaAngiographyArrhythmiaCoronary arteriesIschemiaLeft coronary arteryStable coronary artery disease ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Characterization of the Immunochemical Forms of Calcitonin Released by a Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma in Tissue Culture
Authors: David Goltzman, Arthur S. Tischler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Immunoreactive calcitonin released by a medullary thyroid carcinoma in tissue culture has been found to exhibit heterogeneity when analyzed by gel chromatography and radioimmunoassay, in a pattern analogous to that seen in the circulation of the patient from whom the neoplasm was removed. To examine the cause of the heterogeneity, the immunoreactive material released by the tumor into tissue culture medium was further analyzed by gel electrophoresis in the presence of the protein denaturant 8 M urea, by gel chromatography after reduction and alkylation, by affinity chromatography on concanavalin A-agarose, and by bioassay in a renal adenylyl cyclase system of enhanced sensitivity. The results suggest that the larger immunochemical forms of calcitonin described in the circulation of patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma may be released directly from the neoplasm and need not derive from peripheral metabolism of the monomer. It could be demonstrated that a major proportion of the immunochemical enlargement is dependent upon intermolecular disulfide bridge formation whereas aggregation or non-convalent protein binding account for a smaller component of the heterogeneity. In view of the absence of binding of the immunoreactive material to the lectin agarose, carbohydrate side chains, at least of the α-d glucosyl variety, do not seem to contribute significantly to calcitonin enlargement. Additionally, the studies indicate that, at least by in vitro assay, the larger immunochemical forms of calcitonin, representing the majority of the immunoreactivity released by a medullary thyroid carcinoma, are biologically inactive.
Percutaneous Mitral Annuloplasty
Authors: Daniele Maselli, Fabio Guarracino, Francesca Chiaramonti, Federica Mangia, Gabriele Borelli, Gaetano Minzioni
Journal: Circulation (2006)

To allow performance of "stand-alone" mitral annuloplasty with minimal invasiveness, percutaneous techniques consisting of delivery into the coronary sinus (CS) of devices intended to shrink the mitral valve annulus have recently been tested in animal models. These techniques exploit the anatomic proximity of the CS and mitral valve annulus in ovine or dogs. Knowledge of a detailed anatomic relationship between the CS, coronary arteries, and mitral valve annulus in humans is essential to define the safety and efficacy of percutaneous techniques in clinical practice. We sought to determine the qualitative and quantitative anatomic relationships between CS and surrounding structures in human hearts.The distance from the CS to the mitral valve annulus and the relationship between the CS and surrounding structures were studied in 61 excised cadaveric human hearts. Maximal distance from the CS to the mitral valve annulus was found to be up to 19 mm (mean, 9.7+/-3.2 mm). A diagonal or ramus branch, main circumflex artery, or its branches were located between anterior interventricular vein/CS and the mitral valve annulus in 16.4% and 63.9% of cases, respectively.Surgical anatomy suggests that in humans the CS is located behind the left atrial wall at a significant distance from the mitral valve annulus. Percutaneous mitral annuloplasty devices probably shrink the mitral valve annulus only by an indirect traction mediated by the left atrial wall; a theoretical risk of compressing coronary artery branches exists. Chronic studies are needed to address this problem and to determine long-term efficacy of such methods.
Air pollution and lung cancer in Trieste, Italy: spatial analysis of risk as a function of distance from sources.
Authors: A Biggeri, F Barbone, C Lagazio, M Bovenzi, G Stanta
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

To investigate the relationship between four sources of environmental pollution (shipyard, iron foundry, incinerator, and city center) and lung cancer risk, we conducted a case-control study of decreased men in Trieste, Italy. We identified 755 cases of lung cancer and 755 controls through the local autopsy registry. Information on smoking habits, occupational history, and place of residence were obtained from the subject's next of kin. The case-control design was used to properly account for subject-specific confounders, which represent a major problem in geographical analysis. Spatial models were used to evaluate the effect of sources of pollution on lung cancer after adjustment for age, smoking habits, likelihood of exposure to occupational carcinogens, and levels of air particulate. The models are based on distance from the sources and enable estimation of the risk gradient and directional effects separately for each source. The risk of lung cancer was highly related to the city center (p = 0.0243), with an excess relative risk at zero distance of 2.2 and a smooth decrease moving away from the source (-0.015), and related to the incinerator (p = 0.0098), with an excess relative risk of 6.7 in the source and a very steep decrease (-0.176). These results are consistent with findings of previous analyses and provide further evidence that air pollution is a moderate risk factor of lung cancer.
Pulmonary Artery Alteration With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Lawrence Gould
Journal: JAMA (1969)

A 44-year-old man, with mitral valve disease and atrial fibrillation, underwent catheterization of the right and left sides of the heart. During exercise while the patient was in a supine position, the pulmonary artery pressure showed an alternation, while the left ventricular pressure did not. This case demonstrates that (1) alternation can occur even if there is atrial fibrillation, (2) alternation can occur irrespective of the sequence of electrical conduction, and (3) the alternation in the pulmonary artery pressure is probably due to an alternation in the number of cardiac fibers contributing to each systole and not to an alternation in end-diastolic volume.
ALTERED CALCIFICATION MEDIATORS OF BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN–2 AND FETUIN–A PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND MEDIAL ARTERY CALCIFICATION IN PATIENTS WITH PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE, WITH OR WITHOUT DIABETES MELLITUS AND CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: IMPLICATIONS IN LESION PROGRESSION
Authors: Purushothaman K–Raman, Prakash Krishnan, Meerarani Purushothaman, Usman Baber, Arthur Tarricone, Jose Wiley, Annapoorna Kini, Samin Sharma, Valentin Fuster, Pedro Moreno
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Coronary Arterial-Right Heart Fistulae
Authors: RICHARD B. JAFFE, D. LUKE GLANCY, STEPHEN E. EPSTEIN, B. GREGORY BROWN, ANDREW G. MORROW
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Long-term follow-up is described of seven patients with fistulae between a coronary artery and the right atrium or right ventricle. Left-to-right shunt flow ranged from minimal to 2.2:1. Of six patients followed 3½ to 17 years (average 10) without operation, five demonstrated symptomatic, electrocardiographic, hemodynamic, and angiographic stability. In the sixth patient, a second angiographic study, performed 15 years after the first one, showed the right coronary artery to be occluded proximal to its fistulous communication with the right ventricle, and a left-to-right shunt could no longer be detected. Four of the seven patients underwent operative closure of a fistulous opening into the right atrium, and all four have been restudied postoperatively. Right heart pressures and the degree of dilatation of the involved coronary artery were essentially unchanged following operation. One patient, who had a moderate-sized shunt preoperatively, noted alleviation of her fatigue and demonstrated electrocardiographic improvement. Analysis of flow dynamics did not suggest that the shunt predisposed to shear-induced intimal damage of the dilated feeding coronary artery, but did suggest such changes might occur in the narrow fistulous communication. We conclude that little anatomic and functional change occurs in patients with coronary artery fistulae and small-to-moderate shunts over rather prolonged medical follow-up periods, and that operative closure does not reduce the size of the dilated proximal coronary artery. Since it is unclear whether the abnormality predisposes to premature coronary atherosclerosis, a better understanding of the natural history of the disease is necessary before the precise role of operation in patients with small-to-moderate shunts can be defined.
US should ease its travel restrictions on HIV positive people, think tank says
Authors: Bob Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2007)

An independent US think tank has called for a change in the law that prohibits HIV positive visitors and immigrants coming to the United States, allowing only occasional waivers on a case by case basis.

The Center for Strategic and International Studies made its recommendations in a report that was discussed at a forum in Washington, DC, last week.

The “travel ban” was passed by Congress in 1993 when hysteria over HIV was at its peak, before the introduction of effective treatments. In protest, the International AIDS Society has refused to hold its huge biennial conference in the US until the law is changed, and the World Health Organization has called the policy a violation of …
Pathogenetic Mechanisms of Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Type II Diabetes in African-Americans: The significance of insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, and glucose effectiveness
Authors: Kwame Osei, Trudy Gaillard, Dara P Schuster
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To examine the significance of alterations in insulin sensitivity index (S1), glucose effectiveness (Sg), and β-cell function in the pathogenesis of type II diabetes in African-Americans with varying degrees of glucose intolerance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 154 African-Americans residing in Franklin County, Ohio, were studied. There were 101 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 36 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and 17 with type II diabetes. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed on each subject. S1 and Sg were measured by insulin-modified, frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT). RESULTS The mean fasting and postprandial serum glucose levels were significantly greater in the diabetic groups when compared with the IGT and NGT groups. In contrast, while fasting serum insulin and C-peptide levels tended to be greater in the type II diabetic and IGT groups, the postprandial responses were blunted at 30 min in the IGT and type II diabetic groups when compared with the NGT group. The mean acute first-phase insulin release after intravenous glucose was blunted also in the IGT and type II diabetic groups when compared with the NGT group. The S1 was significantly lower in the IGT (1.51 ± 0.19) and type II diabetic (0.61 ± 0.15) groups when compared with the NGT group (2.94 ± 0.20 × 10−4 · min−1 · μU−1 · ml−1). The Sg was not significantly different in the NGT (2.90 ± 0.20), IGT (2.47 ± 0.19), and the type II diabetic (2.35 ± 0.15 × 10−2/min) groups. The glucose effectiveness at theoretical zero insulin concentration (GEZI) followed similar patterns as the Sg. Furthermore, the basal insulin effect (BIE) was significantly lower in the IGT and type II diabetic groups compared with the NGT group. In addition, the glucose decay constant (Kg) was significantly lower (P &amp;lt; 0.001) in the IGT (1.21 ± 0.13) and the type II diabetic (1.07 ± 0.12) groups when compared with the NGT group (2.03 ± 0.10% per minute). CONCLUSIONS Our present study demonstrates that African-American patients with IGT and mild type II diabetes have significant reduction in β-cell function, insulin sensitivity, and BEI but have normal and intact Sg and GEZI when compared with NGT subjects. We conclude the following: 1) a reduction in Sg does not appear to play a significant role in the pathogenetic mechanism of IGT and type II diabetes in African-American patients, and 2) the intact Sg in the IGT and type II diabetic groups could serve as a compensatory mechanism for hyperglycemia in African-Americans.
Surgeon to Washington: Dr. John Cochran, 1730-1807
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1978)

John Cochran was an 18th century surgeon who, although not at all well known today, was a substantial figure in the last half of the 18th century and played a fairly prominent part in the American Revolution. With exemplary diligence Dr Saffron has gathered a considerable amount of evidence that bears on the life and times of Cochran, his medical training and personal life, his close relationship to George Washington, and his role in the medical affairs of the army during the Revolution. The medical conduct of the Revolution was indeed a confused episode in the struggle for independence and one that has attracted the attention of many historians. Dr Saffron casts new light on a period that is still obscure. In the first part of the book, he presents his evidence and tells his story with meticulous documentation. The last two thirds of the volume consists of collected letters,
Urban Violence in Los Angeles
Authors: Paul L. Gorsuch
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Dr Shoemaker and colleagues<sup>1</sup>is appalling. The statements by the authors that "medicine" or "medical reform" should engage in "a reform of both science and society" has no basis except in social engineering concepts not based on fact. To quote the history of a 19-year-old black man who came to the King/Drew Medical Center, Los Angeles, Calif, in September 1990 with the tremendous hospital cost of over $500 000 does not make the case assumed by Shoemaker and his colleagues. To say that "appropriate education and job opportunity could have provided alternatives to the drug incident that led to this... lethal injury" and that "[t]his case, though unusual, represents the extreme costs that at times beset inner-city hospitals where social events dominate and violence becomes the response to social injustice" is not facing the problem. "Social injustice" is a large basket to describe
ESR in polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis.
Authors: J G Jones, B L Hazleman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

Correspondence HLA-DR4 does not predispose to higher amounts of rheumatoid factors in healthy persons SIR, Several authors have reported the possible association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the HLA-DR4antigen.'`7The most recent report has appeared in your columns.7 Some of the studies suggested that RA patients with HLA-DR4 more often had positive latex tests for rheumatoid factor, with higher titres than the other patients.3`6HLA-DR4 might thus operate in relation to IgM rheumatoid factor production rather than rheumatoid arthritis.As healthy persons have low amounts of rheumatoid factors in their sera,' we therefore investigated whether those with HLA-DR4 had more rhematoid factors than the others.Rheumatoid factors were measured quantitatively in the sera of 77 unrelated, healthy persons who had been tissue typed before (mean age 45 years, range 25-75; 47 were women).We used a recently developed highly sensitive, enzyme linked, solid phase immunoassay measuring IgM rheumatoid factors with human IgG as an antigen.There are 5 dilutions in the normal range and the results obtained with this assay show an excellent correlation with those obtained with the latex test used in our laboratory6 (to be published).The overall incidence of HLA-DR4 was 21% in the 77 healthy controls; the 55 persons with 'low normal' titres had rather a higher frequency of HLA-DR4 (24%) than the 22 with 'high normal' titres (14%; NS).Although only small numbers of normals were tested, these results do not suggest that DR4 influences rheumatoid factor titres in healthy persons.Similarly, Rodriguez et al.' did not find a relationship between HLA-DR4 and in-vitro IgM rheumatoid factor production in normals.In RA the rela- tionship between DR4 and rheumatoid factors has not always been found; the study by Gran et al.7 is the latest in this line.The difference might be, as these authors suggest, in the selection of the patients with seronegative RA during the different studies.
Heat and Noxious Chemical Sensor, Chicken TRPA1, as a Target of Bird Repellents and Identification of Its Structural Determinants by Multispecies Functional Comparison
Authors: Shigeru Saito, Nagako Banzawa, Naomi Fukuta, Claire T. Saito, Kenji Takahashi, Toshiaki Imagawa, Toshio Ohta, Makoto Tominaga
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

Nociceptive receptors enable animals to sense tissue-damaging stimuli, thus playing crucial roles in survival. Due to evolutionary diversification, responses of nociceptive receptors to specific stimuli can vary among species. Multispecies functional comparisons of nociceptive receptors help elucidate their evolutionary process and molecular basis for activation. The transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) ion channel serves as a nociceptive receptor for chemical and thermal stimuli that is heat-activated in reptiles and frogs while potentially cold-activated in rodents. Here, we characterized channel properties of avian TRPA1 in chicken. Chicken TRPA1 was activated by noxious chemicals that also activate TRPA1 in other vertebrates. Regarding thermal sensitivity, chicken TRPA1 was activated by heat stimulation, but not cold, thus thermal sensitivity of avian TRPA1 does not coincide with rodent TRPA1, although both are homeotherms. Furthermore, in chicken sensory neurons, TRPA1 was highly coexpressed with TRPV1, another nociceptive heat and chemical receptor, similar to mammals and frogs. These results suggest that TRPA1 acted as a noxious chemical and heat receptor, and was coexpressed with TRPV1 in the ancestral terrestrial vertebrate. The acquisition of TRPV1 as a novel heat receptor in the ancestral terrestrial vertebrate is likely to have affected the functional evolution of TRPA1 regarding thermal sensitivity and led to the diversification among diverse vertebrate species. Additionally, we found for the first time that chicken TRPA1 is activated by methyl anthranilate (MA) and its structurally related chemicals used as nonlethal bird repellents. MA-induced responses were abolished by a TRPA1 antagonist in somatosensory neurons, indicating that TRPA1 acts as a MA receptor in chicken. Furthermore, TRPA1 responses to MA varied among five diverse vertebrate species. Utilizing species diversity and mutagenesis experiments, three amino acids were identified as critical residues for MA-induced activation of chicken TRPA1.
Influence of Inhaled Nitric Oxide on Systemic Flow and Ventricular Filling Pressure in Patients Receiving Mechanical Circulatory Assistance
Authors: Joshua M. Hare, Stanton K. Shernan, Simon C. Body, Erin Graydon, Wilson S. Colucci, Gregory S. Couper
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background In patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, inhaled nitric oxide (NO) decreases pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) but causes a potentially clinically significant increase in left atrial pressure (LAP). This has led to the suggestion that inhaled NO may reach the coronary circulation and have a negative inotropic effect. This study tested an alternative hypothesis that LAP increases because of volume shifts to the pulmonary venous compartment caused by NO-induced selective pulmonary vasodilation. Methods and Results The Thermo Cardiosystems Heartmate is an LV assist device (LVAD) that can be set (by controlling pump rate) to deliver fixed or variable systemic blood flow. Eight patients (between 1 and 11 days after LVAD implantation) were administered inhaled NO (20 and 40 ppm for 10 minutes), and LAP, systemic flow, and pulmonary arterial pressure were measured in both fixed and variable pump flow modes. In both modes, inhaled NO lowered PVR (by 25±6% in the fixed mode, P &lt;.001, and by 21±5% in the variable mode, P &lt;.003). With fixed pump flow, LAP rose from 12.5±1.2 to 15.1±1.4 mm Hg ( P &lt;.008). In the variable flow mode, LAP did not increase and the assist device output rose from 5.3±0.3 to 5.7±0.3 L/min ( P &lt;.008). Conclusions A selective reduction in PVR by inhaled NO can increase LAP if systemic flow cannot increase. These data support the hypothesis that with LV failure, inhaled NO increases LAP by increasing pulmonary venous volume and demonstrate that inhaled NO has beneficial hemodynamic effects in LVAD patients.
Risk of Diabetes in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Taking Hydroxychloroquine
Authors: Gabriele Di Comite, Carlo M. Rossi
Journal: JAMA (2007)

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