tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Listen to the patient
Authors: B. Kirkup
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The patient was a 79 year old woman with a history of ischaemic heart disease: two acute myocardial infarcts 10 years ago, followed by longstanding atrial fibrillation and worsening angina. Coronary artery bypass surgery six years ago had fully relieved the angina, and she had been free of symptoms (although still with atrial fibrillation) while taking digoxin, β blockers, and warfarin, among other drugs. Now she reported two days of progressive shortness of breath with intermittent pain in the centre of her chest. She had obvious dyspnoea at rest, slight cyanosis, readily audible bilateral crepitations, a raised jugular venous pulse, marked dependent oedema of her arms and legs, and (I was pretty sure) a palpable tender liver.

It didn't seem the most difficult clinical problem—even for a public health physician without paid clinical responsibilities these last 20 years. I was not the patient's doctor, however, but her son. She had been discharged from an emergency assessment unit in …
VIRUS AND CELL INTERACTION WITH ION EXCHANGERS
Authors: Theodore Puck, Bernard Sagik
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1953)

At pH 7 the bacteriophages T1 and T2 attach to anionic exchangers when suspended either in distilled water or in salt solutions. They attach to cationic exchangers only in the presence of salt. T2 requires approximately ten times higher a salt concentration than does T1 virus, a relationship which is duplicated in the attachment of these phages to their common host cell, E. coli B. The host cell, E. coli B, attaches to anionic exchangers when suspended either in salt or distilled water, but does not attach to cationic exchangers even in 0.2 M NaCl. These observations support the hypothesis previously advanced that the role of cations in effecting union of viruses to their host cells is to neutralize the repulsive electrostatic potential due to the excess of negative charges on the surfaces of both bodies. Influenza virus similarly requires salt for attachment to cationic exchangers, and unites to anionic exchangers even in the absence of salt. It is therefore proposed that the same general principles which govern the behavior of the bacteriophage system, may also apply to host cell attachment of at least some mammalian viruses. T1 bacteriophage and influenza virus are readily eluted from cationic exchangers. T2 bacteriophage cannot be recovered in active form. Experiments with P(32)- and S(35)-labelled T2 bacteriophage reveal that shortly after its attachment to the resin, the virus is split into its phosphorus-containing DNA, and the sulfur-containing protein fraction. It is proposed that the splitting of phage into its protein and DNA components that occurs ordinarily at the surface of a cell is a result of the establishment of the primary electrostatic bonds, just as in the attachment to cationic exchange resins. The affinity of cationic resins for influenza virus is great enough to remove the virus almost completely from red cells to which it has become attached.
Sibship size, birth order, and atopy in 11,371 Italian young men
Authors: Paolo M. Matricardi, Ferruccio Franzinelli, Alfredo Franco, Giuseppe Caprio, Fernando Murru, Domenico Cioffi, Luigina Ferrignoc, Antonio Palermoa, Natale Ciccarelli, Francesco Rosmini
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)
Noscapine, a Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloid, Sensitizes Leukemic Cells to Chemotherapeutic Agents and Cytokines by Modulating the NF-κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Bokyung Sung, Kwang Seok Ahn, Bharat B. Aggarwal
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Noscapine, a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid derived from opium, was recently reported to exhibit activity against a variety of cancers through a poorly understood mechanism. Because the transcription factor NF-kappaB has been linked with inflammation, survival, proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis in tumors, we hypothesized that noscapine mediates its effects by modulating the NF-kappaB activation pathway. We found that noscapine potentiates apoptosis induced by cytokines and chemotherapeutic agents in tumor cells. Noscapine alone suppressed proliferation of human leukemia and myeloma cells and downregulated the constitutive expression of cell survival proteins. Noscapine also abrogated the inducible expression of proteins involved in survival, proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis, all of which are regulated by NF-kappaB. Noscapine suppressed both inducible and constitutive NF-kappaB activation in tumor cells through inhibition of IkappaB kinase, leading to inhibition of phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaBalpha. Noscapine also suppressed phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65, leading to inhibition of NF-kappaB reporter activity induced by various components of the NF-kappaB activation pathway. Activity of the NF-kappaB-containing cyclooxygenase-2 promoter was also inhibited by noscapine. Thus, noscapine inhibits the proliferation of leukemia cells and sensitizes them to tumor necrosis factor and chemotherapeutic agents by suppressing the NF-kappaB signaling pathway.
CN-03 * LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP OF ENDOCRINE FUNCTION AMONG YOUNG CHILDREN WITH NEWLY-DIAGNOSED MALIGNANT CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) TUMORS TREATED WITH IRRADIATION-AVOIDING REGIMENS: THE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL LOS ANGELES (CHLA) EXPERIENCE
Authors: A. Cochrane, S. Imam, R. Hiramanek, C. Cheung, K. Rangan, E. Castillo, D. Freyer, G. Dhall, J. Finlay
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: The adverse effects of radiation therapy on endocrine function among pediatric brain tumor patients have been well-documented. Brief (less than 5 months) intensive induction chemotherapy followed by marrow-ablative chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic cell rescue (AuHCR) and avoidance of CNS irradiation has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of very young children (less than 6 years of age) with malignant CNS tumors. This study assessed the long-term growth and endocrine effects of young children following chemotherapy-only treatment regimens. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed on 99 patients less than 6 years of age with newly-diagnosed malignant brain tumors between May 1991 and October 2010 treated with irradiation-avoiding strategies at CHLA. Thirty patients survived relapse-free post-AuHCR without cranial irradiation for a mean of 8.1 years (range 3.0–22.25 years); one patient expired of a TP53-related adrenocortical carcinoma. The patient cohort consisted of 18 males and 12 females with a mean age at AuHCR of 2.5 years (range: 0.8 to 5.1 years). Tumor pathologies included 20 medulloblastomas, 6 choroid plexus carcinomas, 3 CNS PNET and 1 anaplastic ependymoma. RESULTS: All patients had documented normal age-related free T4, TSH, IGFBP3, prolactin, testosterone and estradiol levels. IGF1 age-related levels were abnormal in one child. FSH and LH levels among females, and cortisol levels, were normal in 93%, 97% and 97%, respectively. Growth charts demonstrated age-associated growth within 2 standard deviations of the mean in 67% patients. Of 10 patients (33%) with short stature, 6 had proportional diminutions in both height and weight. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate that the use of relatively brief, intensive chemotherapy regimens including marrow-ablative chemotherapy with AuHCR, results in less endocrine and growth abnormalities than treatment schemes utilizing CNS irradiation. However, the documented adverse impact upon physical growth in a proportion of survivors needs to be evaluated further.
Perceived Symptoms in the Recognition of Hypoglycemia
Authors: Daniel J Cox, Linda Gonder-Frederick, Basim Antoun, Philip E Cryer, William L Clarke
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

For people with diabetes, detection of hypoglycemic symptoms is a critical tool for the recognition and treatment of hypoglycemia. This is not a simple process involving only the occurrence of a hypoglycemic-relevant physiological event, such as sweating. We propose a four-step biological and psychological model that leads to the accurate recognition of hypoglycemia through symptoms. The model illustrates both the chronic and transient modifiers that can enhance and interfere with recognition of hypoglycemia. Three common methods are used to investigate the occurrence and utility of hypoglycemic symptoms that relate to this model. This article reviews the advantages and disadvantages of these methods, providing previously unpublished illustrative data. The field study hit/false alarm approach was shown to be the most useful method. The relevance of this model and data to the concept of hypoglycemic awareness/unawareness and blood glucose awareness training is discussed.
Consensus guidelines in diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis
Authors: L. F. Eichenfield
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Atopic dermatitis is a common condition of great health significance. Consensus-driven guidelines of care or specific practice parameters may be useful, as are treatment algorithms based upon disease severity. Development of consensus guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis are discussed, and disease-severity-based guidelines of care proposed.
[413] EFFECTIVE CONTROL OF HBV REPLICATION AFTER TREATMENT WITHDRAWAL IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B REQUIRES THE DEVELOPMENT OF DISTINCT FUNCTIONAL PROFILES OF HBV-SPECIFIC T-CELLS
Authors: A. Riva, E. Paulon, H. Cooksley, D. Morrison, N. Tatman, J. Chen, N.V. Naoumov
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
LIQUID AIR IN DERMATOLOGY; ITS INDICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS.
Authors: HENRY H. WHITEHOUSE
Journal: JAMA (1907)

During the past year or more I have been particularly struck by the divergence of opinion expressed by my dermatologic confrères in New York respecting the value of liquid air in dermatology. In regard to its efficacy in some affections, there seems to be a general unanimity of opinion, while in others our opinions are strikingly at variance. This is the history of almost every new therapeutic agent, especially if it is a little out of the ordinary, and appears to be due, on the one hand, to a difference in the interpretation of its real powers and therapeutic properties and, on the other, to variations in the technic employed. This is the position in which we find the x-ray to-day; there are few who understand it, hence the great difference in the effects produced and the results obtained. Sabouraud can use it in ringworm with a precision and uniform
Screening of diabetics for retinopathy by ophthalmic opticians.
Authors: C J Burns-Cox, J C Hart
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of blindness in England and Wales in those aged between 30 and 64. Photocoagulation can frequently prevent blindness provided the retinopathy is detected at an appropriate stage but unfortunately the benefits are small if the changes are advanced. Early detection of diabetic retinopathy by regular examination is needed. We have shown that ophthalmic opticians have the skill to detect retinal changes at a treatable stage. Out of 844 eye checks, 80 were reported by ophthalmic opticians to justify referral to an ophthalmologist and 20 of these required photocoagulation treatment. Of a sample of 197 patients rechecked by an ophthalmologist reported by ophthalmic opticians not to justify referral, only one needed treatment. With local agreement this system of detecting retinopathy could be easily applied anywhere in the United Kingdom. No extra personnel or facilities are needed.
Relation Between Personality and Ventilatory Response to Carbon Dioxide in Normal Subjects: A Role in Asthma?
Authors: N. A. Saunders, S. Heilpern, A. S. Rebuck
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Ventilatory response to carbon dioxide, as an index of respiratory centre sensitivity, was measured in 50 normal subjects. Their personality was documented in terms of extraversion and neuroticism scores by the Eysenck Personality Inventory. A significant correlation was found between extraversion score and ventilatory response to carbon dioxide in women (P &lt; 0·005) but not in men. No correlation was found between ventilatory responsiveness and neuroticism score in either sex. It is suggested that the degree of extraversion may play some part in determining the level of ventilation adopted, and hence of arterial carbon dioxide tension, if and when women develop lung disease such as asthma.
Length of Medical College Curriculum.
Authors: William T. Slayton
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Hyde Park, Vt., May 8, 1900. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> In view of the coming meeting of theAssociationand action on the Amendment to Article 2 of the Constitution, proposed by Dr. Reynolds, viz.: "That no state, county or other auxiliary body sending representatives shall receive into its membership any one who may after 1900 receive the degree of Doctor of Medicine on less than four years of graded instruction or an equivalent requirement," I would like to suggest, as a member who will not be able to attend the meeting, that the proposed amendment be changed to read— "who may after 1903 receive the degree of Doctor of Medicine on less than four years of graded instruction, to include at least eight months' attendance at lectures and clinics each year, or an equivalent requirement." This is offered in view of the fact that all of our leading universities, including
Intravenous Immunoglobulin Reduces Anti-HLA Alloreactivity and Shortens Waiting Time to Cardiac Transplantation in Highly Sensitized Left Ventricular Assist Device Recipients
Authors: R. John, K. Lietz, E. Burke, J. Ankersmit, D. Mancini, N. Suciu-Foca, N. Edwards, E. Rose, M. Oz, S. Itescu
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Recipients of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) develop prominent B-cell hyperreactivity. We investigated the influence of anti-HLA antibodies on waiting time to cardiac transplantation in LVAD recipients and compared the effects of 2 immunomodulatory regimens on anti-HLA serum reactivity.Fifty-five previously nonsensitized LVAD recipients of a TCI device implanted between 1990 and 1996 were studied. Patients with anti-HLA antibodies received monthly courses of either intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) or plasmapheresis, in conjunction with cyclophosphamide. The effects of these regimens on anti-HLA alloreactivity and waiting time to transplantation were then determined by Kaplan-Meier log-rank statistics, nonparametric Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and Student's t test. Prolongation in transplant waiting time was related to serum IgG anti-HLA class I alloreactivity. Infusion of IVIg (2 g/kg) caused a mean reduction of 33% in anti-HLA class I alloreactivity within 1 week. Waiting time to transplantation was significantly reduced by IVIg therapy and subsequently approximated that in nonsensitized patients. Side effects of IVIg (2 g/kg) were minimal and related primarily to immune complex disease. Although plasmapheresis caused a similar reduction in alloreactivity to IVIg, this effect was achieved after longer treatment. Moreover, plasmapheresis was associated with an unacceptably high frequency of infectious complications. In patients resistant to low-dose (2 g/kg) IVIg therapy, high-dose (3 g/kg) IVIg was effective in reducing alloreactivity but was associated with a high incidence of reversible renal insufficiency.These results indicate that IVIg is an effective and safe modality for sensitized recipients awaiting cardiac transplantation, reducing serum anti-HLA alloreactivity and shortening the duration to transplantation. The therapeutic and safety profile of IVIg would appear to be superior to plasmapheresis.
Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody disease is an uncommon cause of end-stage renal disease
Authors: Wen Tang, Stephen P. McDonald, Carmel M. Hawley, Sunil V. Badve, Neil C. Boudville, Fiona G. Brown, Philip A. Clayton, Scott B. Campbell, Janak R. de Zoysa, David W. Johnson
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
929-122 Detection of Hybernating Myocardium by Dobutamine Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Ibraim Pinto, Ricardo Pavanello, Leopoldo Piegas, Edson Romano, Enilton Egito, Marcos Barbosa, Alexandre Abizaid, Lulz C. Souza, Amanda Sousa, J. Eduardo Sousa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Osteoporosis and Siderosis in Bantu
Authors: N. Joffe
Journal: BMJ (1966)

BJomAL 1173 is more confusing than helpful to the family doctor who has to advise the mother on measles vaccination.I have taken part in the Medical Research Council Trial of Vaccination Against Measles.' 2 During the period from 1 February 1964 to 2 June 1964, 39 children in the age group from 8 months to 2 years were vaccinated (22 female and 17 male)with the following vaccines: Nine received vaccine "A" (one sub- cutaneous injection of 0.5 ml. of live vaccine prepared from the Goffe strain by Wellcome Laboratories, batch M.V. 20.1); 10 received vaccine "B" (one subcutaneous injection of 0.5 ml. of live vaccine prepared from the Schwarz strain by Glaxo Laboratories, batch 18); and 20 received vaccines KA or KB (one intramuscular in ection of 1 ml. of inactivated vaccine K prepared by Pfizer from the Enders-Edmonton strain, batch 6, followed four weeks later by an injection of " A " or " B " live vaccine as above).From 29 September 1964 to 17 December 1964, 35 children between the ages 4 to 8 years were vaccinated by me with the following vaccines: vaccine "B " 22, vaccine " KB " 11, and vaccine " KA " two.During the period 12 November 1964 to 15 April 1965, 111 children within the age group 8 months to 2 years were vaccinated by me,
Human leukocyte antigen class I and II alleles and response to interferon-alpha treatment in Taiwanese chronic hepatitis C patients
Authors: Ming-Lung Yu, Wan-Long Chuang, Chia-Yen Dai, Shinn-Cherng Chen, Zu-Yau Lin, Ming-Yuh Hsieh, Jung-Fa Tsai, Liang-Yen Wang, Wen-Yu Chang
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Doctors aren't entitled to have disciplinary cases heard by independent panels, court rules
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Doctors whose employer takes disciplinary proceedings against them have no right to have their case heard by independent panels, the High Court has ruled in an important judgment.

Rajiv Puri, a consultant urologist who was sacked by Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust for shouting and aggressive behaviour, argued that neither the disciplinary panel that took the decision to dismiss him nor the appeal panel set up to hear his appeal was sufficiently impartial ( BMJ 2010;341:c5834, doi:10.1136/bmj.c5834).

The three person disciplinary panel included one member external to the trust, and the appeal panel was made up entirely of members or employees of the trust. Mr Puri argued that this breached his right under …
Targeting fibroblast activation protein inhibits tumor stromagenesis and growth in mice
Authors: Angélica M. Santos, Jason Jung, Nazneen Aziz, Joseph L. Kissil, Ellen Puré
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Membrane-bound proteases have recently emerged as critical mediators of tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. However, the mechanisms by which they regulate these processes remain unknown. As the cell surface serine protease fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is selectively expressed on tumor-associated fibroblasts and pericytes in epithelial tumors, we set out to investigate the role of FAP in mouse models of epithelial-derived solid tumors. In this study, we demonstrate that genetic deletion and pharmacologic inhibition of FAP inhibited tumor growth in both an endogenous mouse model of lung cancer driven by the K-rasG12D mutant and a mouse model of colon cancer, in which CT26 mouse colon cancer cells were transplanted into immune competent syngeneic mice. Interestingly, growth of only the K-rasG12D–driven lung tumors was also attenuated by inhibition of the closely related protease dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV). Our results indicate that FAP depletion inhibits tumor cell proliferation indirectly, increases accumulation of collagen, decreases myofibroblast content, and decreases blood vessel density in tumors. These data provide proof of principle that targeting stromal cell–mediated modifications of the tumor microenvironment may be an effective approach to treating epithelial-derived solid tumors.
Ratios of Radical to Conservative Amino Acid Replacement are Affected by Mutational and Compositional Factors and May Not Be Indicative of Positive Darwinian Selection
Authors: Tal Dagan, Yael Talmor, Dan Graur
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

The ratio of radical to conservative amino acid replacements is frequently used to infer positive Darwinian selection. This method is based on the assumption that radical replacements are more likely than conservative replacements to improve the function of a protein. Therefore, if positive selection plays a major role in the evolution of a protein, one would expect the radical-conservative ratio to exceed the expectation under neutrality. Here, we investigate the possibility that factors unrelated to selection, i.e., transition-transversion ratio, codon usage, genetic code, and amino acid composition, influence the radical-conservative replacement ratio. All factors that have been studied were found to affect the radical-conservative replacement ratio. In particular, amino acid composition and transition-transversion ratio are shown to have the most profound effects. Because none of the studied factors had anything to do with selection (positive or otherwise) and also because all of them (singly or in combination) affected a measure that was supposed to be indicative of positive selection, we conclude that selectional inferences based on radical-conservative replacement ratios should be treated with suspicion.
HSP25 Affects the Proliferation and Differentiation of Rat Dental Follicle Cells
Authors: Yu Du, Hai‐jing Gu, Qi‐mei Gong, Fang Yang, Jun‐qi Ling
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2009)

To detect the expression of HSP25 in rat dental follicles both in vivo and vitro, and explore the underlying mechanism of HSP25 on the proliferation and differentiation of rat dental follicle cells (DFCs). Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of HSP25 in mandibles of postnatal rats on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 in vivo. In vitro, the expression of HSP25 in DFCs was detected by an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, flow cytometry and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay were used to identify the time‐course effect mediated by different concentrations of recombinant murine HSP25 of 0, 1, 10, 50 and 100 ng/mL on rat DFCs. Expression of HSP25 was not detected in dental follicles of the rats until day 5 after birth, but became up‐regulated in a time‐dependent manner till day 11. HSP25 was detected in the cytoplasm of cultured rat DFCs. No significant difference could be observed in the proliferation of DFCs after stimulation with different concentrations of HSP25 on days 1, 2 and 3 (P>0.05). HSP25 at concentrations of 50 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL up‐regulated the ALP activity of DFCs on day 9 (P<0.05). HSP25‐immunoreactivity increased chronologically during the development of dental follicles. The protein had no significant effect on cell proliferation but may play a role in cementoblast/osteoblast differentiation of DFCs.