tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Death and the Survival of Rights of Action
Authors: H. Woods
Journal: BMJ (1934)

There is unequivocal evidence that administration of probiotics could be effective in the treatment of acute infectious diarrhoea in children and the prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhoea and nosocomial/community acquired diarrhoea. Encouraging evidence is also emerging for the effectiveness of probiotics in the prevention and management of pouchitis and paediatric atopic diseases, and the prevention of postoperative infections. There is also strong evidence that certain probiotic strains are able to enhance immune function, especially in subjects with less than adequate immune function such as the elderly. Efficacy of probiotics in the prevention of traveller’s diarrhoea, sepsis associated with severe acute pancreatitis, and cancers, the management of ulcerative colitis, and lowering of blood cholesterol remains unproven. In addition to firm evidence of efficacy (for a range of conditions), major gaps exist in our knowledge regarding the mechanisms by which probiotics modulate various physiological functions and the optimum dose, frequency, and duration of treatment for different probiotic strains.
Protein Content of Liquor Amnii in Prediction of Severity of Haemolytic Disease of Newborn
Authors: W. Walker, M. J. Landon, A. Oxley
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Two series of cases of Rh isoimmunization were subjected to liquor examination for bilirubin and protein level. Series 1 comprised 298 cases for the years 1962 and 1963. Series 2 comprised 179 consecutive cases for 1967 in which preliminary selection for liquor examination had been made on the basis of previous history and maternal antibody titre.Bilirubin was measured as the liquor bilirubin ratio, and protein levels were estimated in series 1 by the Folin and Ciocalteau technique and in series 2 by a modified biuret method.Correlations with severity of haemolytic disease in the foetus was made, taking into account the stage of gestation of liquor examination. Both bilirubin and protein levels correlate with severity, but bilirubin is superior to protein. Interrelation of these measurements as bilirubin/protein ratio was inferior to bilirubin level as a method of forecasting severity.
Book Review of "The Molecular Biology of Cancer" by Stella Pelengaris, Michael Khan (Editors)
Authors: Christian Schmidt
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2007)

Here, a review of "The Molecular Biology of Cancer" (Stella Pelengaris and Michael Khan [Editors]) is given. The detailed description of the book is provided here: Pelengaris S, Khan M (Eds): The Molecular Biology of Cancer; Blackwell Publishing, Oxford (U.K.); 2006. 531 pages, 214 illustrations, ISBN 9-78140-511-814-9, £31.99.
An Inexpensive Method to Diagnose Incipient Diabetic Nephropathy in Developing Countries
Authors: Vijay Viswanathan, Mamtha B. Nair, Sheethal Suresh, Snehalatha Chamukuttan, Ramachandran Ambady
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Diabetic patients with microalbuminuria are at a high risk for developing overt nephropathy and cardiovascular complications (1). Constant monitoring is mandatory to prevent vascular complications. Due to socioeconomic reasons, many patients in developing countries cannot afford to regularly test their blood glucose. In such a scenario, the test of urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio or albumin excretion rate to diagnose diabetic albuminuria is beyond the reach of many patients. In addition, only a few speciality centers provide facilities for doing these tests. Urine protein dipstick testing is, however, easily available to most patients. We aimed to evaluate whether a dipstick test showing “trace” for urinary protein reliably indicated the presence …
Abstract LB-311: Development of mutant-specific small molecule inhibitors of K-Ras.
Authors: Jonathan M. Ostrem, Ulf Peters, Pingda Ren, Yi Liu, James A. Wells, Kevan M. Shokat
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Activating mutations in K-Ras are among the most common lesions found in human cancer, and such mutations are generally associated with poor prognosis. Despite numerous efforts in academia and industry, small molecule inhibitors that directly target K-Ras remain elusive. Even more highly desired are molecules that selectively target mutant K-Ras while sparing the wild type protein. We have used a fragment-based screen to discover oncogenic mutant-specific inhibitors of K-Ras. Crystallographic studies with multiple inhibitors in complex with K-Ras reveal that the compounds bind in a novel hydrophobic pocket that is not apparent in any published crystal structure of Ras. These inhibitors disrupt the conformations of Switch I and Switch II, domains that are essential for the association and activation of downstream signaling partners. Our medicinal chemistry effort has greatly improved potency, showing that this pocket is particularly amenable to chemical optimization. In vitro biochemical characterization of these inhibitors confirms that they block Ras function. Our discovery of a new druggable pocket in K-Ras, and a set of inhibitors that bind to it in a mutant-specific fashion, provides a promising new avenue for the direct pharmacological inhibition of oncogenic Ras. Citation Format: Jonathan M. Ostrem, Ulf Peters, Pingda Ren, Yi Liu, James A. Wells, Kevan M. Shokat. Development of mutant-specific small molecule inhibitors of K-Ras. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-311. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-311
Systematic underestimation of association between serum cholesterol concentration and ischaemic heart disease in observational studies: data from the BUPA study
Authors: M R Law, N J Wald, T Wu, A Hackshaw, A Bailey
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To estimate the size of the association between serum concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol and mortality from ischaemic heart disease. <b>Design</b>: Prospective study of total serum cholesterol concentration and mortality from ischaemic heart disease in 21 515 men (538 deaths) and study of total cholesterol concentration measured on two occasions an average of three years apart in 5696 men in whom low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration was also measured on the second occasion. <b>Subjects</b>: Men who attended the medical centre of the British United Provident Association (BUPA) in London between 1975 and 1982. <b>Main outcome measure</b>: The difference in mortality from ischaemic heart disease for a 0.6 mmol/1 difference in concentration of low density lipoprotein cholesterol after adjustment for, firstly, regression dilution bias, which arises from the random fluctuation of serum cholesterol concentration in people over time, and, secondly, the surrogate dilution effect, which arises because differences in total cholesterol concentration between people reflect smaller differences in low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration. <b>Results</b>: The observed difference in mortality from ischaemic heart disease associated with a difference of 0.6 mmol/1 in total serum cholesterol concentration was 17% but increased to 24% after correction for the regression dilution bias and to 27% (95% confidence interval 21% to 33%) after adjustment for both sources of underestimation, which provides an estimate of the difference in mortality for a true difference of 0.6 mmol/1 in low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration. The association was greater at younger ages. The estimated decrease in mortality from all causes was 6% before and 10% (1% to 17%) after adjustment for the two sources of underestimation. There was no excess mortality from any cause associated with low cholesterol concentration. <b>Conclusions</b>: The association between serum cholesterol concentration and ischaemic heart disease is materially stronger than directly inferred from prospective studies. This has important implications for the health benefit of achieving low cholesterol concentrations.
Emergence of parapneumonic empyema in the USA
Authors: C. G. Grijalva, Y. Zhu, J. P. Nuorti, M. R. Griffin
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Although recent reports suggest that the incidence of parapneumonic empyema has increased in several regions of the USA, national trends in disease burden are unknown. National trends in the incidence of parapneumonic empyema hospitalisations and changes in empyema by associated pathogens were examined. <h3>Methods</h3> National hospitalisation data (1996–2008) were analysed and rates estimated using census estimates as denominators. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) compared 2008 with 1996 rates. Discharge diagnosis codes were used to characterise pathogens associated with empyema hospitalisations. <h3>Results</h3> Overall, national parapneumonic empyema-related hospitalisation rates increased from 3.04 per 100 000 in 1996 to 5.98 per 100 000 in 2008, a 2.0-fold increase (95% CI 1.8 to 2.1). The increases were observed among children (IRR 1.9 (95% CI 1.4 to 2.7)) and adults aged 18–39, 40–64 and ≥65 years (IRR 1.8 (95% CI 1.5 to 2.1), 2.0 (95% CI 1.6 to 3.1) and 1.7 (95% CI 1.5 to 2.0), respectively). Overall, pneumococcal empyema rates remained relatively stable in all age groups whereas streptococcal- (non-pneumococcal) and staphylococcal-related empyema rates increased 1.9-fold and 3.3-fold, respectively, with consistent increases across age groups. The overall in-hospital case fatality ratio for parapneumonic empyema-related hospitalisations was 8.0% (95% CI 6.4% to 9.5%) in 1996 and 7.2% (95% CI 6.3% to 8.1%) in 2008 (p=0.395). Of the empyemas where study pathogens were listed (37.6%), staphylococcal-related empyema had the largest absolute increases across age groups and was associated with longer hospital stay and higher in-hospital mortality than other empyemas. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Although parapneumonic empyema-related hospitalisations remained relatively rare, they increased substantially during the study period. A number of pathogens, especially staphylococcus, contributed to this increase.
No beneficial effects of transdermal nicotine in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: Results of a randomized placebo-controlled cross-over study
Authors: F.P. Vleggaar, H.R. van Buuren, G.P. Van Berge Henegouwen, W.C.J. Hop, K.J. van Erpecum
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Canadian inquest into paediatric cardiac surgery deaths ends
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (1998)

An inquest into deaths in paediatric cardiac surgery in the Canadian province of Manitoba --which shows similarities to Britain's recent case of 29 deaths in Bristol--has ended after almost three years of testimony running to 50000 pages and a cost of $C2.2m (£0.8m; $1.4m).

The inquest examined 44 open …
Impossible to draw meaningful conclusions from study of changes in antidepressant use after FDA warnings
Authors: J. M. Nardo
Journal: BMJ (2014)

In 2010, Patrick and colleagues queried two databases with high rates of external injury coding (E coding) completeness to find a proxy for absent E codes. They chose “a diagnosis of poisoning, toxic effects, open wound to elbow, wrist, or forearm, or asphyxiation; plus a diagnosis of depression, mania, personality disorder, psychotic disorder, or adjustment reaction” on the basis of sensitivity, specificity, and …
Psychological Aspects of Physical Education and Sport
Authors: Marilyn A. Shrapnel
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1974)

successfully administered to State level tennis and squash players in Western Australia.Measurements made on the tennis players included physical characteristics (height, weight and body fat), estimations of physical work capacity (stamina) at a heart rate of 170 beats/minute on a bicycle ergometer, time for a tennis speed run and strength of the muscles involved in the production of tennis strokes.The squash players undertook the same types of tests as the tennis players but performed on a squash speed run and a wrist flexion strength test to assess elements of performance that were specific to their game.The results of these tests were used to prescribe training programmes geared to individual needs.
Functional Status in Children With Asthma
Authors: David L. Nordstrom
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Weitzman et al<sup>1</sup>report that asthma prevalence has increased among children and that this increase resulted from greater recognition of less severe cases. We believe that the data presented do not support the latter conclusion. First, the measures of child health and functioning were asked of all children and were not specifically linked to asthma. It may be, as was acknowledged by the authors, that the parents' responses to these questions changed because of changes in the survey design or questionnaire wording between the 2 years. To control for these differences, the authors compared responses from four of the 55 questions about health conditions that were asked in 1981 and again in 1988. Because of the small sample size, however, there was inadequate power to detect a change in the measures of health and functioning among this subgroup of children. In fact, the 95% confidence intervals
Breathing route and ventilatory responses to inspiratory resistive loading in humans.
Authors: T Nishino, T Kochi
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

In response to ventilatory loading, a number of compensatory mechanisms can serve to maintain ventilation at or near control levels. To test the hypothesis that respiratory compensation for inspiratory flow-resistive load during nasal breathing may be different from that during oral breathing, we investigated the ventilatory responses to four different magnitudes of inspiratory flow-resistive loads ("control," "light," "moderate," and "severe" loads: 3.5, 15.0, 51.8, 83.3 cm H2O/L/s at a flow rate of 30 L/min, respectively) during nasal breathing and during oral breathing in 11 conscious subjects. With the control, light, and moderate loads, there were no significant differences in tidal volume (VT), respiratory frequency (f), minute ventilation (VI), and end-tidal (partial) carbon dioxide pressure (PETCO2) between nasal and oral breathing. With the severe load, however, VI and f were significantly lower and PETCO2 was significantly higher during nasal breathing than during oral breathing. Occlusion pressure (P0.1) progressively increased during both nasal and oral breathing with increasing magnitudes of loading. However, the value of P0.1 during oral breathing at the severe loading was significantly higher than that during nasal breathing. Our results indicate that ventilatory compensation for the inspiratory flow-resistive load is better during oral breathing than during nasal breathing.
A PATIENT WHO CHANGED MY PRACTICE
Authors: B. Webb
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The patient who changed my practice was a woman in her mid-70s. I was a senior registrar and I met her during a preoperative ward round. She was due to have a vaginal hysterectomy and repair the next day. Following my chief's practice I was interviewing patients in a small side room off the main ward.

I can remember explaining to her that the meeting was intended to give her an opportunity to ask any questions that she might have about the operation. It also gave me the chance to make sure that she understood what we were going to do and to get her informed consent to the procedure. She …
The Stomach, its Disorders, and How to Cure Them.
Authors: John Harvey Kellogg
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Action plan aims to prevent 5.3 million children dying from pneumonia by 2015
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Only half (54%) of children in developing countries who get pneumonia see a qualified health worker, and less than a fifth (19%) are treated with antibiotics, a new report claims.

An action plan developed jointly by the World Health Organization and Unicef, which produced the report, has identified a package of interventions that the organisations say would prevent most deaths from pneumonia among children if they were implemented on a broad scale and reached the most vulnerable groups.

Ann Veneman, executive director of Unicef, said that pneumonia is the biggest killer of children aged under 5 years, with about 1.8 million deaths each year. She …
Internet-based syndromic monitoring of acute respiratory illness in the general population of Germany, weeks 35/2011 to 34/2012
Authors: C Bayer, C Remschmidt, M an der Heiden, K Tolksdorf, M Herzhoff, S Kaersten, S Buda, W Haas, U Buchholz
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

Binary file ES_Abstracts_Final_ECDC.txt matches
Association of mannose binding lectin (MBL) gene polymorphism and serum MBL concentration with characteristics and progression of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: R Takahashi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

To determine whether occurrence, characteristics, and progression of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are associated with polymorphism of the mannose binding lectin (MBL) gene and with serum MBL concentration.Codon 54 MBL gene polymorphism of 147 patients with SLE and 160 healthy controls was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Serum concentration of MBL was measured by enzyme immunoassay. Fluctuations of serum MBL were analysed with respect to disease characteristics and activity.Frequency of homozygosity for codon 54 minority allele was 6% (9/147) in patients with SLE, and significantly higher than in controls (p = 0.0294, Fisher's exact test). MBL polymorphism in patients with SLE was not significantly associated with disease characteristics or immunological phenotypes. Patients homozygous for the B allele tended to have a higher risk of infection during treatment. Levels of C3 and CH(50) were slightly, but significantly, associated with serum MBL concentration in patients with SLE homozygous for the majority allele. During the course of SLE, serum MBL concentration increased in 6/14 patients, and decreased in 7 after initiation of immunosuppressive treatment.MBL gene polymorphism influences susceptibility to SLE, but has no direct effect on disease characteristics. Serum MBL levels fluctuate during the course of SLE in individual patients. MBL genotyping may be useful in assessing the risk of infection during treatment of SLE.
Ampicillin in Chronic Bronchitis
Authors: G. B. Hill
Journal: BMJ (1965)

MEDICA JOURNAlEdwards' carried out very careful post- amputation angiographic studies on 13 lower limbs (4 diabetic and 9 arteriosclerotic).He concluded that the smaller arteries of the foot are the sites of extensive occlusion in arteriosclerotic limbs which come to amputa- tion, and mentions the metatarsal arteries among the examples; he found no difference in the pattern of occlusion between diabetic and non-diabetic feet.Initially, when we started our study of amputated limbs we made arteriograms from the specimens.In a pilot study we also could detect nothing convincingly different in the foot arteries of the diabetic, and we discontinued this investi- gation.-Weare, etc.,
Is There a Role for Dietetic Foods in the Management of Diabetes and/or obesity?
Authors: Irene M Wunschel, Bagher M Sheikholislam
Journal: Diabetes Care (1978)

The cost and nutritional value (calorie, carbohydrate, protein, and fat content) of 108 regular products were compared with 101 dietetic products. The cost of dietetic candies, cookies, fruits, preserves/syrups, and puddings/gelatins was significantly greater (p &amp;lt; 0.005, p &amp;lt; 0.005, p &amp;lt; 0.005, and p &amp;lt; 0.025, respectively). Dietetic candies and cookies contained more calories than the regular ones. These differences were significant only for candies (p &amp;lt; 0.005). In contrast, dietetic fruits and preserves/syrups had significantly fewer calories than the regular ones (p &amp;lt; 0.005 and p &amp;lt; 0.005 respectively). Dietetic puddings/gelatins were significantly less expensive and contained fewer calories than the regular products (p &amp;lt; 0.005 and p &amp;lt; 0.005, respectively). Dietetic ice creams were generally more expensive with varying amounts of carbohydrate content. Most dietetic products contained higher amounts of protein than regular food products. Since the dietetic products constitute only a fraction of total food intake, the differences in their composition have little or no effect on the relationship of nutrients consumed within a 24-hour period. Thus, in most cases the consumer receives little or no nutritional benefit from the higher cost of dietetic products.
Differences in utilisation of asthma drugs between two neighbouring Swedish provinces: relation to prevalence of obstructive airway disease.
Authors: L Larsson, G Boethius, M Uddenfeldt
Journal: Thorax (1994)

BACKGROUND--Considerable variation exists in the use of antiasthmatic drugs in different counties in Sweden. The reasons for this variation are unknown. A study was performed to determine if there is an association between sales of antiasthmatic drugs and the prevalence of obstructive airway diseases in two adjoining Swedish counties. METHOD--The prevalence of asthma-associated symptoms in the county of Jämtland where there is high drug use, and the county of Gävleborg where it is lower, was assessed in 1990 by a postal questionnaire answered by 11,300 subjects. Three age groups were included: all 16 year olds, 13% of those aged 30-39 years, and 13% of 60-69 year olds. A total of 2100 subjects reporting airway symptoms in a questionnaire and 450 asymptomatic controls were further investigated at an interview with lung function tests and, in 500 cases, with a methacholine challenge. Asthma was diagnosed in subjects reporting a typical history or repeated episodes of dyspnoea and wheezing, or dry cough combined with reversibility in FEV1, variability in peak expiratory flow, or a PC20 value of &lt; or = 4 mg/ml. RESULTS--The prevalence of current asthma was close to 8% in all age groups in Jämtland and significantly lower (close to 6%) in all age groups in the warmer, more industrialised and more densely populated county of Gävleborg. A gender difference with a higher prevalence in women was found in Gävleborg but not in Jämtland. There was no significant difference in the use of inhaled beta 2 stimulants among subjects with asthma in the two counties. Inhaled steroids were used more often in Jämtland. However, they were used regularly by fewer than 10% of asthmatic subjects in the two younger age groups. CONCLUSION--The differences in the use of antiasthmatic drugs in these two counties reflect a difference in the prevalence of obstructive airway disease.