tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Uptake of In-111 Pentetreotide by Pleural Plaques
Authors: MAX LONNEUX, FRANÇOIS JAMAR, NORBERT LENERS, THIERRY PIETERS, STANISLAS PAUWELS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Somatostatin receptor imaging with In-111 pentetreotide has been validated for the diagnosis and staging of chest tumors with neuroendocrine differentiation such as bronchial carcinoid and small cell lung cancer. In-111 pentetreotide uptake is not specific for neuroendocrine tumors because somatostatin receptors are also expressed by white blood cells, leading to the in vivo visualization sites of infection sites or active inflammation. Pleural plaques may be due to asbestos exposure or tuberculosis. Presented here are three cases of In-111 pentetreotide uptake in pleural plaques. This uptake by benign lesions may be misleading in the diagnostic work-up of patients with lung tumors.
Abstract P5-11-02: Radiation instigates EMT, CSC self renewal and pluripotency signal transduction in non-targeted (bystander) ERa+ and triple-negative breast cancer cells
Authors: FH Khan, M Natarajan, S Aravindan, TS Herman, N Aravindan
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Ascertaining radiation-induced bystander response in non-targeted tumor cells, particularly on variables pertaining to resistance, relapse and tumor progression, may escort significant clinical implications. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated the radiation induced alterations in factors that drive the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cells (CSCs) self-renewal capacity and pluripotency maintenance in non-targeted breast (ERa+ MCF-7 and triple-negative MDA-MB-468) adenocarcinoma cells. Co-cultures of non-targeted breast cancer cells with irradiated (5Gy) counterparts for 24h were assessed for transcriptional regulation of 93 stem cell related molecules using QPCR profiling. Radiation-induced alterations in the expression of ABCG2, E-Cadherin, N-Cadherin, MYC, Nanog and SOX2 in bystander MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 were assessed using western blot analysis. Radiation profoundly increased the transcriptional activation of stem-cell related molecules in distant bystander ERα+ MCF-7 (70 genes) and in triple-negative MDA-MB-468 (82 genes) cells. Interestingly, 62 of 70 genes activated in MCF-7 and 81 of 82 genes in MDA-MB-468 showed significant (&amp;gt;2 fold) upregulation. Evidently, radiation induced 66 genes (&amp;gt;2 fold, 58 genes) in bystander breast cancer cells independent of their hormone status. Consistently, immunoblotting revealed increase in the expression of ABCG2, N-Cadherin, MYC, Nanog and SOX2 in both MCF7 and MDA-MB-468. Together, these data demonstrates that radiation activates the EMT, CSCs self-renewal and pluripotency maintaining factors in non-targeted bystander cells and could thus play an instrumental role in breast cancer relapse and progression. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-11-02.
THE HYPOPHYSEAL SUBSTANCE GIVING INCREASED GONADOTROPIC EFFECTS WHEN COMBINED WITH PROLAN
Authors: Herbert M. Evans, Miriam E. Simpson, Paul R. Austin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1933)

The increased gonadotropic effect obtained by combining prolan with hypophyseal extracts can be secured equally well by the use of preparations which contain high amounts of the growth or of the gonad-stimulating hormone. In hypophyseal extracts containing the growth hormone, the synergistic effects do not parallel the content of growth-promoting substance. Similarly, in hypophyseal extracts containing the gonad-stimulating hormone, the synergistic effects do not parallel the content in the gonadotropic factor. The hypophyseal substance involved has been prepared sufficiently free of the growth and gonad-stimulating hormones to make it inadmissible to consider either of these substances as responsible for the reaction.
Weekly <i>nab</i>-Rapamycin in Patients with Advanced Nonhematologic Malignancies: Final Results of a Phase I Trial
Authors: Ana M. Gonzalez-Angulo, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Sant Chawla, Gerald Falchook, David Hong, Argun Akcakanat, Huiqin Chen, Aung Naing, Siqing Fu, Jennifer Wheler, Stacy Moulder, Thorunn Helgason, Shaoyi Li, Ileana Elias, Neil Desai, Razelle Kurzrock
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: This dose-finding phase I study investigated the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and safety of weekly nanoparticle albumin-bound rapamycin (nab-rapamycin) in patients with untreatable advanced nonhematologic malignancies. Experimental Design: nab-Rapamycin was administered weekly for 3 weeks followed by 1 week of rest, with a starting dose of 45 mg/m2. Additional doses were 56.25, 100, 150, and 125 mg/m2. Results: Of 27 enrolled patients, 26 were treated. Two dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) occurred at 150 mg/m2 [grade 3 aspartate aminotransferase (AST) elevation and grade 4 thrombocytopenia], and two DLTs occurred at 125 mg/m2 (grade 3 suicidal ideation and grade 3 hypophosphatemia). Thus, the MTD was declared at 100 mg/m2. Most treatment-related adverse events (TRAE) were grade 1/2, including thrombocytopenia (58%), hypokalemia (23%), mucositis (38%), fatigue (27%), rash (23%), diarrhea (23%), nausea (19%), anemia (19%), hypophosphatemia (19%), neutropenia (15%), and hypertriglyceridemia (15%). Only one grade 3 nonhematologic TRAE (dyspnea) and one grade 3 hematologic event (anemia) occurred at the MTD. One patient with kidney cancer had a partial response and 2 patients remained on study for 365 days (patient with mesothelioma) and 238 days (patient with neuroendocrine tumor). The peak concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) of rapamycin increased with dose between 45 and 150 mg/m2, except for a relatively low AUC at 125 mg/m2. nab-Rapamycin significantly inhibited mTOR targets S6K and 4EBP1. Conclusions: The clinical dose of single-agent nab-rapamycin was established at 100 mg/m2 weekly (3 of 4 weeks) given intravenously, which was well tolerated with preliminary evidence of response and stable disease, and produced a fairly dose-proportional pharmacokinetic profile in patients with unresectable advanced nonhematologic malignancies. Clin Cancer Res; 19(19); 5474–84. ©2013 AACR.
Thrombin Binds to Soluble Fibrin Degradation Products Where it Is Protected From Inhibition by Heparin-Antithrombin but Susceptible to Inactivation by Antithrombin-Independent Inhibitors
Authors: Jeffrey I. Weitz, Beverly Leslie, Monika Hudoba
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Thrombolytic therapy induces a procoagulant state characterized by elevated plasma levels of fibrinopeptide A (FPA), but the responsible mechanism is uncertain. Methods and Results —Washed plasma clots were incubated in citrated plasma in the presence or absence of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), and FPA generation was monitored as an index of unopposed thrombin activity. FPA levels are almost twofold higher in the presence of t-PA than in its absence. This primarily reflects the action of thrombin bound to soluble fibrin degradation products because (a) there is progressive FPA generation even after clots are removed from t-PA–containing plasma, and (b) clot lysates produce concentration-dependent FPA generation when incubated in citrated plasma. Using thrombin-agarose affinity chromatography, (DD)E and fragment E but not d -dimer were identified as the thrombin-binding fibrin fragments, indicating that the thrombin-binding site is located within the E domain. Heparin inhibits thrombin bound to fibrin degradation products less effectively than free thrombin. In contrast, D-Phe-Pro-ArgCH 2 Cl, hirudin and hirugen inhibit free thrombin and thrombin bound to fibrin degradation products equally well. Conclusions —Thrombin bound to soluble fibrin degradation products is primarily responsible for the increase in FPA levels that occurs when a clot undergoes t-PA–induced lysis. Like clot-bound thrombin, thrombin bound to fibrin derivatives is protected from inhibition by heparin but susceptible to inactivation by direct thrombin inhibitors. These findings help to explain the superiority of direct thrombin inhibitors over heparin as adjuncts to thrombolytic therapy.
Left atrial appendage stunning in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: a transesophageal echocardiography study
Authors: H. Kato, N. Tanaka, K. Watanabe, K. Hashimoto, Y. Kubo, H. Murakita, N. Maekawa, T. Ohnishi, M. Yamamoto
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
The Clinical Heterogeneity of Adult-Onset Diabetic Patients With GAD Autoantibodies in Japan
Authors: Eiji Kawasaki, Haruhiko Osawa, Hideichi Makino
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

We would like to thank Fukui et al. (1) for the interest in our article (2) and the editor for the opportunity to clarify the several points raised. As stated several times in our article, this is a cross-sectional and hospital-based study to investigate the clinical, autoimmune, and genetic characteristics in adult-onset diabetic patients with GAD antibodies (GADab). All diabetic patients who visited our hospital during 1998 and 1999, including those with typical type 1 diabetes (a slowly progressive form of type 1 diabetes [SPIDDM]) and type 2 diabetes, regardless of their therapy, were recruited into this study. In our Ehime Study, the overall prevalence of GADab in patients with adult-onset diabetes was 3.8%. Among them, the prevalence of GADab in patients with type 1 diabetes was 61% (72 of 118). The prevalence of GADab in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes was 2.0%, which …
Dendritic cell-derived IL-2 production is regulated by IL-15 in humans and in mice
Authors: Sonia Feau, Valeria Facchinetti, Francesca Granucci, Stefania Citterio, David Jarrossay, Samantha Seresini, Maria Pia Protti, Antonio Lanzavecchia, Paola Ricciardi-Castagnoli
Journal: Blood (2004)
Synovial mast cell responses during clinical improvement in early rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: I. Gotis-Graham, M. D Smith, A. Parker, H P. McNeil
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

<h3>OBJECTIVES</h3> To determine the synovial mast cell response in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) during clinical improvement, and to examine for relations with clinical and histological parameters of disease activity. <h3>METHODS</h3> Twenty two synovial samples were obtained from six patients with RA using needle arthroscopy. The mean disease duration at baseline was eight months, and two to three further samples were obtained over a mean follow up period of 15 months during which treatment initiated clinical improvement occurred. Sections were immunostained to detect MC<sub>T</sub> and MC<sub>TC</sub> mast cells and correlations were sought between clinical and histological data. <h3>RESULTS</h3> The overall mean synovial mast cell density was 40.3 cells/mm<sup>2</sup>, with regional densities of 60.6 and 34.2 mast cells/mm<sup>2</sup> in the superficial and deeper synovial layers respectively. The MC<sub>T</sub> subset predominated, outnumbering MC<sub>TC</sub> by 3:1. There was a significant correlation between the histological inflammation index and the MC<sub>T</sub> density, (<i>r</i> = 0.4, p &lt; 0.05) but not the MC<sub>TC</sub> subset. The regional distribution and predominant subset of mast cells varied in individual patient's synovia over time, with a trend towards restriction of the mast cell response to the superficial synovium during clinical improvement. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> The mast cell response in early RA is characterised by substantial expansion of predominantly MC<sub>T</sub>mast cells that correlates with histological indices of inflammation. During clinical improvement, this expansion tended to become more superficial. Taken together with previous studies of long duration RA, which implicate MC<sub>TC</sub> cells in synovial damage and disease progression, these results suggest that MC<sub>T</sub> and MC<sub>TC</sub> mast cells may possess distinct functions in the spectrum of inflammatory events occurring during RA.
Clinical Practice Guidelines 1995
Authors: G. Feder
Journal: BMJ (1995)

American College of Physicians, pounds sterling48 ISSN 1066 677X

One day soon medical sociologists will discover that the clinical guidelines industry is a microcosm of medicine worthy of close study. When guidelines are being developed bloody struggles are waged over medical knowledge, all protagonists claim that “evidence” supports their views, and final recommendations always require fine judgments and compromise.

This collection of American guidelines with the imprimatur of the American College of Physicians makes visible some of the struggles and compromises. Each of the guidelines is backed up by a review of the evidence commissioned by the college's …
Trusts can improve care by engaging their staff better, says think tank
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A UK health think tank says it has produced “compelling evidence” that NHS organisations are safer, more effective, and financially stronger when they “engage” properly with doctors and other staff.

Studies show that performance improves across a range of measures, the King’s Fund says, with fewer errors, lower infection and mortality rates, higher staff motivation, and better experiences for patients.

Chris Ham, the fund’s chief executive, said it was clear that the NHS should give greater priority to involving doctors and other clinicians in decision making and encouraging medical leadership.

“The business case for leadership and engagement for improvement is compelling at a time when the NHS needs to deliver unprecedented efficiency savings over many years,” he said.

The fund’s report is published this week (23 May),1 a year after its commission on the future of leadership and management …
Birth Defects Information System (BDIS)
Authors: Keith Gladstien
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This menu-driven program has broad capabilities and is easy to operate. There are many attractive features in this program, but it is seriously flawed. The program consists of two disks with good documentation. Provisions are made for periodic updates to expand the library of listed defects. The cost is $1495 for the initial program and $995 for annual renewals. The program is flexible, with capabilities too extensive to list. The main part centers on patient information, which can be entered via menus. The menus are easy to use. Movement between menus and data entry are quick and well conceived. There is some on-line help, but the user will need the documentation at hand, at least for the first few hours of use. The few things that are needed to run this program are easy to learn, so referring to the documentation becomes unnecessary in a short time. The list of
Semen Quality in Relation to Xenohormone and Dioxin-like Serum Activity Among Inuits and Three European Populations
Authors: Gunnar Toft, Manhai Long, Tanja Krüger, Philip S. Hjelmborg, Jens Peter Bonde, Anna Rignell-Hydbom, Ewa Tyrkiel, Lars Hagmar, Aleksander Giwercman, Marcello Spanó, Davide Bizzaro, Henning S. Pedersen, Vladymir Lesovoy, Jan K. Ludwicki, Eva C. Bonefeld-Jørgensen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Semen quality in humans may be influenced by exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds.We analyzed associations between semen characteristics and serum xenoestrogen receptor (XER), xenoandrogen receptor (XAR), and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) transactivity. XER and XAR activity were measured in serum samples cleared for endogenous steroid hormones and AhR activity in raw lipophilic serum extracts free of proteins.All together, 319 men from Warsaw (Poland), Greenland, Kharkiv (Ukraine), and Sweden provided semen and blood samples. No strong and consistent associations between xenobiotic activity and semen quality measures were observed in the four populations. However, when the data were combined across populations sperm concentration increased 40% per unit increase in XER activity [95% confidence interval (CI), 1-79%] in the subgroup with XER activity below the reference level. Among subjects with XER activity above the reference level an increase of 14% (95% CI, 2-28%) was found. Furthermore, an increase of 10% motile sperm per unit increase in XER activity below reference level (95% CI, 0.2-20) was found. We are unable to exclude that the associations are chance findings.Alteration of XER, XAR, or AhR transactivity within the range found in serum from the general European and Inuit population seems not to markedly deteriorate sperm cell concentration, motility, or morphology in adult men.
Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine—2003
Authors: Edward Abraham, Peter Andrews, Massimo Antonelli, Laurent Brochard, Christian Brun-Buisson, Geoffrey Dobb, Jean-Yves Fagon, Johan Groeneveld, Jordi Mancebo, Philipp Metnitz, Stefano Nava, Michael Pinsky, Peter Radermacher, Marco Ranieri, Christian Richard, Robert Tasker, Benoit Vallet
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2004)
Treatment of shock.
Authors: A. W. Fowler
Journal: BMJ (1970)

MEBRITCSH animals and man.When a dose of phenace- tin was increased from 500 mg. to 2 5 g. in human volunteers the formation and excre- tion of p-phenetidin and 2-hydroxyphenetidin sulphate were both enhanced.Neither of these is a metabolite of paracetamol.They concluded that, as a working hypothesis for further investigation to elucidate the pathogenesis of analgesic nephropathy, phenetidin deserved special consideration.Prescott5 has commented that the metabolism, and possibly the toxicity of phenacetin, may be modified by the previous or concurrent administration of other drugs.There are therefore "logical reasons" for suggesting that the effect of paracetamol on the kidneys may well be different from that of phenacetin, particu- larly when phenacetin is consumed in large amounts.-Weare, etc.,
Efficacy of hepatitis A vaccine in prevention of secondary hepatitis A infection: a randomised trial
Authors: Luciano Sagliocca, Pietro Amoroso, Tommaso Stroffolini, Brunella Adamo, Maria Elena Tosti, Gennaro Lettieri, Ciro Esposito, Salvatore Buonocore, Paola Pierri, Alfonso Mele
Journal: The Lancet (1999)
A Perspective of Physician Manpower
Authors: William D. Holden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

The subject of the specialty and geographic distribution of physicians has become a common topic for discourse within the executive and legislative branches of the government, many professional organizations and foundations, and among individual physicians, economists and demographers. There is a somewhat pervasive conviction that there is a serious maldistribution of physicians according to specialty and geography and that correction of the dislocations will proceed a long way toward improving the health status of the people in this country.Having been involved in many of the studies of physician manpower through the Coordinating Council on Medical Education, the Institute of . . .
Necrobacillosis: a forgotten disease.
Authors: J Moore-Gillon, T H Lee, S J Eykyn, I Phillips
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Over four years five previously healthy young adults developed necrobacillosis , a severe septicaemic illness caused by Fusobacterium necrophorum. The infections were characterised by sore throat followed by rigors and the formation of metastatic abscesses and all caused considerable diagnostic confusion.
ANOMALIES OF THE FRONTAL SINUS AND THEIR BEARING UPON CHRONIC SUPPURATIVE SINUSITIS.
Authors: REDMOND W. PAYNE
Journal: JAMA (1901)

My experience with chronic suppurative disease of the frontal sinus has been so unsatisfactory, regardless of the method of operation adopted, that I determined to find, if possible, where the fault lay. The necessity for this investigation was doubly impressed upon me from the fact that I found my colleagues in practice were likewise having the same experience with their cases. I speak now only of those old cases of chronic suppurative disease with rather free drainage of the inflammatory products into the nose, and of the small percentage of these where there is retention of the inflammatory products. Recent cases are readily handled by almost any one of the extranasal methods adopted, but when the process has been of long duration and every recess of the sinus has become involved, the whole lining membrane pyogenic, and in places gangrenous, and, in very old cases the bone itself involved, the
Biochemical and pharmacologic effects of α-methyltyrosine in man
Authors: Karl Engelman, David Horwitz, Eric Jéquier, Albert Sjoerdsma
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Alpha methyltyrosine (α-MPT) was administered to 52 patients from 4 days to 10 months; 22 patients were cases of pheochromocytoma and 20 had essential hypertension. Inhibition of catecholamine synthesis in the range of 50-80% was achieved with divided daily drug dosage of from 1.0 to 4.0 g. Striking clinical benefit was noted in patients with pheochromocytoma in whom the drug was used in preparation for surgery and during chronic medical management. The drug appeared to have limited usefulness when used in essential hypertension, unless added to existing therapy with conventional agents. No beneficial effects were noted in thyrotoxicosis, glaucoma, and Raynaud's phenomenon. Untoward effects in order of decreasing incidence were: sedation (with insomnia on withdrawal), anxiety, tremor, diarrhea, and galactorrhea. Drug crystalluria, which has been observed in animals and is currently restrictive of clinical trials, was not observed in these studies. Evidence is presented that the minor conversion of α-MPT to methyldopa probably does not contribute significantly to the central and peripheral effects of the drug.
Random allocation I
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A randomised single blind controlled trial investigated whether pelvic floor muscle training during pregnancy prevented urinary incontinence during and after pregnancy. The trial recruited healthy nulliparous women when they attended their first routine ultrasound. After giving informed consent, women were randomly allocated to the training group or control group.1 Which one of the following statements defines the process of random allocation used above?
Priorities for health and social services
Authors: D L O Humphreys
Journal: BMJ (1976)

large series can show whether the incidence of handicap is reduced.The second is that there is some hope that if more resources for the handicapped are used effectively the long-term consequence may be a reduction in the pressure for hospital places.If the handicapped and their families can be given the help that is needed to avoid institutional care in childhood the extent of dependency among the adult handicapped may well be reduced.This too is prevention.The dichotomy that you suggest between spending on obstetric services or on services for the handicapped is a peculiarly unfortunate one.The acute services on which spending might be more reasonably limited are those devoted to the avoidable diseases that you instance.Perhaps the sustained campaign of health education that you suggest could be funded by diverting resources devoted to these conditions.At least it would seem reason- able to make any further spending on these acute services conditional on such a campaign.
Vocal Cord Paralysis Analysis of 229 Cases
Authors: Willard F. Goff
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Vocal cord paralysis may be congenital or acquired, unilateral or bilateral, of sudden or gradual onset, and may occur at any age from the cradle to the grave. Cunning estimated that approximately 10% of the cases of unilateral cord paralysis "are caused by some intracranial disease before the nerve leaves the skull such as tumor, abscess, bulbar paralysis or vascular accidents," and about 90% "are caused by peripheral lesions along the course of the vagus or recurrent laryngeal nerve."<sup>1</sup>When a vocal cord is paralyzed in the median-paramedian position there is a complete paralysis of the recurrent (inferior) laryngeal nerve; and when a cord is paralyzed in the intermediate position there is a complete paralysis of both the recurrent and superior laryngeal nerves. The otolaryngologist is frequently asked to determine the cause of cord paralysis. A battery of examinations which may reveal the cause includes (1)