tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Atrial Pressure-Flow Dynamics in Atrial Septal Defects (Secundum Type)
Authors: AARON R. LEVIN, MADISON S. SPACH, JOHN P. BOINEAU, RAMON V. CANENT, M. PAUL CAPP, PAUL H. JEWETT
Journal: Circulation (1968)

This study was conducted to determine the instantaneous pressure-flow relationships across secundum atrial septal defects. Simultaneous right and left atrial pressures and the pressure difference (determined with an analog computer) were recorded with matched catheter systems. Biplane cineangiocardiography was used to evaluate the timing of the shunts in various phases of the cardiac cycle. These studies indicated that the major left-to-right shunt and pressure gradient occurred over an interval encompassing late ventricular systole and early diastole. Also, there was augmentation of the left-to-right shunt during atrial contraction. Minute right-to-left shunting and pressure gradients occurred at two times in the cardiac cycle: (1) with the onset of ventricular contraction; and (2) during early ventricular diastole (heart rate, 80 to 100 beats/min). Detection of systemic right-to-left shunts by dye curves was enhanced by relatively slow heart rates (prolonged diastasis) which allowed the shunted blood to flow into the left venrticle. The effects of respiration during phasic changes in intrathoracic pressure resulted in an increasing left-to-right gradient during periods of increasing intrathoracic pressure and a fall in the left-to-right gradient across the defect during periods of decreasing intrathoracic pressure.
Safety and efficacy of 90Y radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Holger M. Strunk
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

I read with interest the article in HEPATOLOGY by Kulik et al. entitled "Safety and Efficacy of 90Y Radiotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma With and Without Portal Vein Thrombosis."1 This is a well-written article; however, maybe because it was written by doctors from medical departments, all the very important details concerning the embolization technique are missing. Was the radioembolization performed via the proper hepatic artery or more selectively via the right and left hepatic arteries, or was it performed in smaller tumors only for the involved lobe? Because Table 1 states that 90 patients had a tumor burden of less than 50%, this would have been possible just to prevent too much damage to the uninvolved liver. Other investigators have found for transarterial chemoembolization that intra-arterial hepatic regional therapies can be safely performed in the presence of partial portal vein occlusion if a modified, low-dose, superselective or segmental technique is used.2, 3 What was done if there was stasis in the injected artery before all the yttrium was injected, or did this never happen? There are some minor points as well. Table 2 states that 20 of 30 patients with portal vein thrombosis had a tumor burden greater than 50% and 10 patients had a tumor burden greater than or equal to 50%. Because only 14 patients were graded Okuda II and 2 patients were graded Okuda III, should I suppose that this is a misspelling and that the tumor burden was less than 50% in 20 patients? In addition, in Table 1, should I suppose that the number of patients without portal vein thrombosis was 71 and not (as stated) only 1? Holger M. Strunk M.D.*, * Department of Radiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
Wait-and-See Prescription for the Treatment of Acute Otitis Media
Authors: David M. Spiro, Khoon-Yen Tay, Donald H. Arnold, James D. Dziura, Mark D. Baker, Eugene D. Shapiro
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Acute otitis media (AOM) is the most common diagnosis for which antibiotics are prescribed for children. Previous trials that have evaluated a "wait-and-see prescription" (WASP) for antibiotics, with which parents are asked not to fill the prescription unless the child either is not better or is worse in 48 hours, have excluded children with severe AOM. None of these trials were conducted in an emergency department.To determine whether treatment of AOM using a WASP significantly reduces use of antibiotics compared with a "standard prescription" (SP) and to evaluate the effects of this intervention on clinical symptoms and adverse outcomes related to antibiotic use.A randomized controlled trial conducted between July 12, 2004, and July 11, 2005. Children with AOM aged 6 months to 12 years seen in an emergency department were randomly assigned to receive either a WASP or an SP. All patients received ibuprofen and otic analgesic drops for use at home. A research assistant, blinded to group assignment, conducted structured phone interviews 4 to 6, 11 to 14, and 30 to 40 days after enrollment to determine outcomes.Filling of the antibiotic prescription and clinical course.Overall, 283 patients were randomized either to the WASP group (n = 138) or the SP group (n = 145). Substantially more parents in the WASP group did not fill the antibiotic prescription (62% vs 13%; P<.001). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the frequency of subsequent fever, otalgia, or unscheduled visits for medical care. Within the WASP group, both fever (relative risk [RR], 2.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.75 - 4.99; P<.001) and otalgia (RR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.26 - 2.03; P<.001) were associated with filling the prescription.The WASP approach substantially reduced unnecessary use of antibiotics in children with AOM seen in an emergency department and may be an alternative to routine use of antimicrobials for treatment of such children.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00250900.
UTILITY OF RIGHT VENTRICULAR STRAIN IMAGING IN PREDICTING PULMONARY VASCULAR RESISTANCE IN PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY HYPERTENSION
Authors: Nasim Naderi, S. Zahra Ojaghi Haghighi, ahmad amin, Farah Naghashzadeh, Hooman Bakhshandeh, sepideh taghavi, Majid Maleki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Relationship Between Prepregnancy Anthrax Vaccination and Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes Among US Army Women
Authors: Andrew R. Wiesen
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Substantial concern surrounds the potential health effects of the anthrax vaccine, particularly the potential adverse effects on reproductive processes.To determine whether receipt of anthrax vaccination by reproductive-aged women has an effect on pregnancy rates.Cohort study, based on information from a computer database, of women aged 17 to 44 years who were stationed at Fort Stewart, Ga, or Hunter Army Airfield, Ga, from January 1999 through March 2000.Pregnancy and birth rates and adverse birth outcomes.Of a total of 4092 women, 3136 received at least 1 dose of the anthrax vaccine. There was a total of 513 pregnancies, with 385 following at least 1 dose of anthrax vaccine. The pregnancy rate ratio (before and after adjustment for marital status, race, and age) comparing vaccinated with unvaccinated women was 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8-1.2; P =.60). There were 353 live births and 25 pregnancies lost to follow-up. The birth odds ratio after anthrax vaccination (before and after adjustment for marital status and age) was 0.9 (95% CI, 0.5-1.4; P =.55). After adjusting for age, the odds ratio for adverse birth outcome after receiving at least 1 dose of anthrax vaccination was 0.9 (95% CI, 0.4-2.4; P =.88). However, this study did not have sufficient power to detect adverse birth outcomes.Anthrax vaccination had no effect on pregnancy and birth rates or adverse birth outcomes.
BM-16 * INCREASED ACUTE RADIATION EFFECT (ARE) WITH IPILUMUMAB AND RADIOSURGERY IN PATIENTS WITH MELANOMA BRAIN METASTASES
Authors: L. Khoja, G. Kurtz, G. Zadeh, N. Laperriere, C. Menard, B.-A. Millar, M. Bernstein, P. Kongkham, A. Joshua, D. Hogg, M. Butler, C. Chung
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Ipilumumab (Ipi), an antibody that enhances T-cell activation, has been shown to improve survival in patients with metastatic melanoma. Ipilumumab may have synergistic effects with radiotherapy but this may result in increased toxicity. This study investigated the incidence of acute radiation effect (ARE) in patients with melanoma brain metastases treated with Ipi and radiosurgery (SRS) or whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). METHODOLOGY: This retrospective study included metastatic melanoma patients treated at our institution from 2008-2013 who received SRS or WBRT for brain metastases within 4 months of Ipi treatment. We evaluated the incidence, timing and factors associated with acute radiation effect (ARE). RESULTS: From 159 patients treated with Ipi, 22 patients also received brain RT within 4 months of treatment. Three patients were excluded for lack of follow-up brain imaging, thus 19 were analysed: 14 males and 5 females, with median age 58 years (range 24-82). Ten were treated with SRS, 7 with WBRT, and 2 with SRS plus WBRT. Median dose for SRS was 21 Gy (range: 15-24 Gy). Five of 13 patients treated with SRS (38%) experienced symptomatic edema requiring steroids within 1 month of starting Ipi, and within 4 months of RT. One patient had a haemorrhage and 1 required surgical resection, which demonstrated viable disease. Therefore 3 patients (23%) treated with SRS developed isolated ARE. These metastases had volumes less than 4.2 cm3 and were treated within 4 months of Ipi to a median dose of 19.5 Gy (range 15-21 Gy). No patients with WBRT alone developed ARE. CONCLUSIONS: Following SRS for brain mets and Ipi, ARE was seen in 23% of patients within 4 months of starting Ipi treatment. This is greater than the commonly reported 10% risk of ARE after SRS alone for brain metastasis. No increased toxicity was seen with WBRT and Ipi.
Estrogen Receptor α Polymorphism and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, and Hip Fracture
Authors: Alisa D. Kjaergaard, Christina Ellervik, Anne Tybjærg-Hansen, Christen Kirk Axelsson, Marie-Louise M. Grønholdt, Peer Grande, Gorm B. Jensen, Børge G. Nordestgaard
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— We hypothesized that the estrogen receptor α (ESR1) IVS1-397T/C polymorphism affects high-density lipoprotein cholesterol response to hormone replacement therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer of reproductive organs, and hip fracture. Methods and Results— We studied cross-sectionally 9244 individuals from the Danish general population and followed them up for 23 to 25 years. End points were CVD (ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, ischemic cerebrovascular disease, ischemic stroke, other ischemic cerebrovascular disease, venous thromboembolism, deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism), cancer of reproductive organs (breasts, ovaries, uterus, and prostate), and hip fracture. We also studied patients with ischemic heart disease (n=2495), ischemic cerebrovascular disease (n=856), and breast cancer (n=1256) versus general population controls. The CC, CT, and TT genotypes had general population frequencies of 21%, 50%, and 29%, respectively. Cross-sectionally, genotype did not influence high-density lipoprotein cholesterol response to hormone replacement therapy. In the cohort study, there were no differences in risks of CVD, cancer of reproductive organs, or hip fracture between genotypes. In case–control studies, risk of CVD did not differ between genotypes; however, the odds ratio for breast cancer in women with TT versus CC genotypes was 1.4 (95% CI, 1.1 to 1.7). Meta-analysis in men of 6 previous and the present 2 studies, including 4799 cases and 12 190 controls, showed odds ratios in CC versus CT and TT genotypes for fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.59 to 1.12) and 1.08 (95% CI, 0.97 to 1.21). Conclusions— ESR1 IVS1-397T/C polymorphism does not influence high-density lipoprotein cholesterol response to hormone replacement therapy or risk of CVD, most cancers of reproductive organs, or hip fracture.
Low levels of CC16 in nasal fluid of children with birch pollen‐induced rhinitis
Authors: S. Johansson, C. Keen, A. Ståhl, G. Wennergren, M. Benson
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Background: Clara cell protein 16 (CC16; secretoglobin 1A1) is an anti‐inflammatory protein mainly expressed in the epithelial cells in the airways. Objective: To compare the levels of CC16 in nasal lavage (NAL) from children with intermittent allergic rhinitis and healthy controls and to study the effect of a local steroid. Methods: Thirty schoolchildren with birch pollen allergy and 30 healthy controls from the same schools were included in the study. The NAL fluid was collected before the season, during the birch pollen season and, for the patients, after 1 week of treatment with a local steroid. Symptom scores were obtained on every occasion. CC16 and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) were analyzed with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The nasal fluid levels of CC16 were significantly lower in patients than in controls, before and during pollen season. Before the season, the median CC16 concentrations were 9.1 (range 1.1–117) μ g/l in patients and 25.7 (6.1–110.2) μ g/l in controls. During the season, the median CC16 concentrations in nasal fluid were 12.9 (2.3–89.7) μ g/l in the allergic children and 22.0 (9.5–90.1) μ g/l in the healthy controls ( P = 0.0005). Symptom scores, nasal fluid eosinophils and ECP were higher in patients during the season. Treatment with a local steroid did not change the CC16 levels. Conclusions: Nasal fluid CC16 levels were lower in children with birch pollen‐induced allergic rhinitis than in healthy controls both before and during the pollen season. We speculate that reduction in anti‐inflammatory activity by CC16 may contribute to the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis.
HIV‐associated multicentric Castleman's disease
Authors: Justin Stebbing, Liron Pantanowitz, Farshid Dayyani, Ryan J. Sullivan, Mark Bower, Bruce J. Dezube
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

Abstract Multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD), a relatively rare lymphoproliferative disorder that presents with heterogenous symptoms including fevers, anemia, and multifocal lymphadenopathy, is today most commonly observed in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type‐1 (HIV). In such individuals, a lymph node biopsy typically identifies cells that stain for Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus proteins, and most HIV‐associated MCD features can be attributed to the presence of this γ‐herpesvirus. Surgery and antiviral therapies including highly active antiretroviral therapy, interferon‐α, foscarnet, ganciclovir, and antibodies to interleukin‐6 have proved largely ineffective, and chemotherapy in HIV positive individuals is complicated by limited efficacy and pronounced toxicity. While no randomized trials have been performed, more recently the use of the anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab in large single center cohorts has been associated with prolonged remissions, radiologic responses, as well as hematologic and serum chemistry normalization of the inflammatory picture observed, at the expense of B cell depletion and flare of Kaposi's sarcoma. MCD represents a model of disease at the interplay between tumor biology, infection, and immunology. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antitumor effects of celecoxib on K562 leukemia cells are mediated by cell‐cycle arrest, caspase‐3 activation, and downregulation of Cox‐2 expression and are synergistic with hydroxyurea or imatinib
Authors: Guang‐Sen Zhang, Ding‐Sheng Liu, Chong‐Wen Dai, Rui‐Juan Li
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract Celecoxib, a specific cyclooxygenase‐2 (Cox‐2) inhibitor, has been shown to possess antitumor activity in a variety of cancer cells. However, the antitumor activity of celecoxib in hematopoietic tumors, especially in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), has not been well established. This study was designed to investigate the effect of celecoxib on growth and apoptosis in a human CML cell line (K562 cells) or in primary CML cells, and to examine the synergistic actions of celecoxib and hydroxyurea or imatinib on K562 cell proliferation and apoptosis. Celecoxib significantly inhibited the growth of both K562 and primary CML cells and induced apoptosis in a dose‐dependent fashion. The IC 50 of celecoxib was 46 μM for inhibition of K562 cell proliferation. The effect of celecoxib on growth inhibition was accompanied by the downregulation of cyclin D 1 and cyclin E and p‐Rb expression, the upregulation of P 16 INK4a and P27 KIP expression, and a G 1 ‐S phase arrest of the cell cycle. The pro‐apoptotic effect of celecoxib was determined to be mediated by caspase‐3 activation. When K562 cells were pretreated with DEVD‐fmk, a specific inhibitor of caspases, the apoptotic activity of celecoxib was, in part, abrogated. Importantly, we demonstrated for the first time that K562 cells were Cox‐2‐positive both at the mRNA and protein levels. We noted the following observations: (i) we detected Cox‐2 mRNA in K562 cells by reverse transcription‐PCR (RT‐PCR) and protein expression by western blot analysis; (ii) Cox‐2 expression in K562 cells was stimulated by IL‐1β, a specific inducing agent of Cox‐2 expression; (iii) primary CML cells from CML patient bone marrow also exhibited Cox‐2 protein expression. Furthermore, Cox‐2 expression was downregulated at higher doses of celecoxib (80–160 μM), suggesting a Cox‐2‐dependent mechanism was involved in the drug's effects of growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis. In addition, a synergistic effect was observed when cells were exposed to low‐dose celecoxib (40 μM) and hydroxyurea (10 mM) or a combination of celecoxib (40 μM) and imatinib (0.2 μM). These findings provide the basis for uncovering the mechanism of celecoxib's antitumor effects and developing a new therapeutic strategy for treating CML. Am. J. Hematol. 81:242–255, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Macrophages as origin of factor increasing monocytopoiesis.
Authors: W Sluiter, E Hulsing-Hesselink, I Elzenga-Claasen, L W van Hemsbergen-Oomens, A van der Voort van der Kleij-van Andel, R van Furth
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

Earlier investigations had indicated that the factor increasing monocytopoiesis (FIM), present in the serum of mice and rabbits during the onset of an inflammatory response, is released by cells of the inflammatory exudate. The present study was performed to determine which cells produce and secrete this factor and to establish the kinetics of its production and secretion. FIM was assayed in vivo by intravenous injection of samples into untreated mice and monitoring the course of the number of blood monocytes in the recipients. FIM was assayed in vitro by adding samples to cultures of the macrophage cell line PU5 and determining the rate of proliferation of the cells. The results show that only macrophages contain and synthesize FIM. This factor is secreted upon exposure to a phagocytic stimulus, and after the release of preformed FIM, macrophages secrete newly synthesized FIM. Granulocytes and lymphocytes neither contain nor secrete FIM. The characteristics of FIM derived from macrophages are in all aspects similar to those of FIM in serum. Macrophage-derived FIM is a protein with a molecular weight between 10 and 25 X 10(3), its activity is cell-lineage specific and dose dependent, and it stimulates monocyte production in the bone marrow. Macrophage-derived FIM is not identical to either CSF-1 or IL-1, and has no chemotactic activity. Taken together, the present results show that FIM occurring in serum during an inflammatory response originates from macrophages at the site of the inflammation. In this way the macrophages themselves regulate the supply of circulating blood monocytes that can migrate to the site of injury when needed.
Abnormal Brain Development in Newborns with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Steven P. Miller, Patrick S. McQuillen, Shannon Hamrick, Duan Xu, David V. Glidden, Natalie Charlton, Tom Karl, Anthony Azakie, Donna M. Ferriero, A. James Barkovich, Daniel B. Vigneron
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Congenital heart disease in newborns is associated with global impairment in development. We characterized brain metabolism and microstructure, as measures of brain maturation, in newborns with congenital heart disease before they underwent heart surgery.We studied 41 term newborns with congenital heart disease--29 who had transposition of the great arteries and 12 who had single-ventricle physiology--with the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) before cardiac surgery. We calculated the ratio of N-acetylaspartate to choline (which increases with brain maturation), the ratio of lactate to choline (which decreases with maturation), average diffusivity (which decreases with maturation), and fractional anisotropy of white-matter tracts (which increases with maturation). We compared these findings with those in 16 control newborns of a similar gestational age.As compared with control newborns, those with congenital heart disease had a decrease of 10% in the ratio of N-acetylaspartate to choline (P=0.003), an increase of 28% in the ratio of lactate to choline (P=0.08), an increase of 4% in average diffusivity (P<0.001), and a decrease of 12% in white-matter fractional anisotropy (P<0.001). Preoperative brain injury, as seen on MRI, was not significantly associated with findings on MRS or DTI. White-matter injury was observed in 13 newborns with congenital heart disease (32%) and in no control newborns.Term newborns with congenital heart disease have widespread brain abnormalities before they undergo cardiac surgery. The imaging findings in such newborns are similar to those in premature newborns and may reflect abnormal brain development in utero.
Effects of intra-arterial ethanol in cardiogenic shock
Authors: C. H. SHATNEY, R. H. DIETZMAN, R. C. LILLEHEI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1976)

Journal Article Effects of intra-arterial ethanol in cardiogenic shock Get access CLAYTON H. SHATNEY, CLAYTON H. SHATNEY From the Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Health Sciences Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar RONALD H. DIETZMAN, RONALD H. DIETZMAN From the Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Health Sciences Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar RICHARD C. LILLEHEI RICHARD C. LILLEHEI From the Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Health Sciences Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 10, Issue 1, January 1976, Pages 74–80, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/10.1.74 Published: 01 January 1976
Diagnostic Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: M Häfner, R Schöfl
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Since the introduction of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), the focus in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has shifted from diagnosis to treatment - a change that has organizational implications in relation to teaching and providing access to ERCP. Most of last year's papers on ERCP described refinements of the technique and indication, tissue sampling, and efforts to reduce complications. Many studies compared MRCP with various other imaging methods and with histopathological findings. Bile duct stones and strictures are still the main target, but new entities for evaluation with MRCP have been found: primary sclerosing cholangitis, choledochal cysts, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic injury, and postoperative abnormalities. Helical computed-tomographic cholangiography is still attracting some interest. This review closes with a comparison of ERCP with MRCP with regard to availability, legal aspects, operator-dependency, and cost-effectiveness.