tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pathogenetic mechanisms in legionnaires' disease.
Authors: D Fumarola
Journal: BMJ (1979)

1893, 100 years after Jenner's pioneering cowpox experiments in the English countryside.My grandfather would have been gratified to learn that his method for purifying the lymph containing the virus had remained essentially the same for almost another century (surely a medical therapeutic record ?).During this time one of the most loathsome of communicable diseases has been extirpated and is medical history.Those of us from the medical schools of St Thomas's and Westminster, where Monckton Copeman was student and pedagogue, have another reason to be proud.
Temporal changes in endocardial energy metabolism following propranolol and the metabolic basis for protection against isoprenaline cardiotoxicity
Authors: G. M. PIEPER, F. C. CLAYTON, G. L. TODD, R. S. ELIOT
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1979)

Propranolol infusions in open-chested, anesthetised dogs increased endocardial levels of ATP and phosphocreatine. It reduced ADP, AMP, glucose-6-phosphate and lactate in this region. Endocardial glycogen was transiently increased. Metabolic perturbations in the endocardium produced by cardiotoxic doses of isoprenaline were prevented or reduced by propranolol pretreatment. Thus, propranolol appears to have a more selective action on endocardial versus midmyocardial or epicardial metabolism.
Asthma and airways collapse in two heritable disorders of connective tissue
Authors: A W Morgan, S B Pearson, S Davies, H C Gooi, H A Bird
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

<h3>Objectives:</h3> This study investigated the clinical impression that there was an increased prevalence of respiratory disorders in both the Hypermobility Syndrome (HMS)/Benign Joint Hypermobility Syndrome (BJHS) and Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome (EDS), compared with the normal population. <h3>Methods:</h3> A questionnaire was distributed to 509 subjects (221 healthy controls, 126 HMS, 162 EDS) who documented respiratory symptoms and previously diagnosed respiratory and atopic disorders. A subgroup of 157 responders underwent full clinical and serological assessments, and 57 subjects were assessed physiologically. <h3>Results:</h3> A significant increase in the frequency of a wide range of respiratory symptoms and reduced exercise tolerance was observed in subjects with both HMS and EDS compared with controls. In particular, there was an increased prevalence of asthmatic symptoms (HMS: OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.4–4.1, p = 0.002; EDS: OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.8–5.2, p&lt;0.001) and atopy (HMS: OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.6–4.5, p&lt;0.001; EDS: OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.6–4.4, p&lt;0.001), which was subsequently confirmed by clinical assessment. Pulmonary physiological studies revealed increased lung volumes, impaired gas exchange and an increased tendency of both the lower and upper airways to collapse. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> We have demonstrated, for the first time, that individuals with HMS/BJHS and EDS have respiratory symptoms in association with various pulmonary physiological abnormalities. The increased prevalence of asthma may be due to linkage disequilibrium between the genes causing these conditions or a function of the connective tissue defect itself. In the non-asthmatic population, changes in the mechanical properties of the bronchial airways and lung parenchyma may underlie the observed increased tendency of the airways to collapse.
ST segment deviation and regional myocardial blood flow during experimental partial coronary artery occlusion
Authors: G. TIMOGIANNAKIS, I. AMENDE, E. MARTINEZ, M. THOMAS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1974)

Journal Article ST segment deviation and regional myocardial blood flow during experimental partial coronary artery occlusion Get access G. TIMOGIANNAKIS, G. TIMOGIANNAKIS 1 From the MRC Cardiovascular Research Unit, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 1 Present address: The University of Athens, Athens, Greece. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar I. AMENDE, I. AMENDE From the MRC Cardiovascular Research Unit, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E. MARTINEZ, E. MARTINEZ From the MRC Cardiovascular Research Unit, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. THOMAS M. THOMAS From the MRC Cardiovascular Research Unit, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 8, Issue 4, July 1974, Pages 469–477, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/8.4.469 Published: 01 July 1974
Primary cutaneous nocardiosis mimicking lupus erythematosus
Authors: Y.L. Chung, J-C. Park, K. Takatori, K.H. Lee
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Sir, Nocardiosis is an uncommon but world‐wide infectious disease, and reported cases have increased in number in recent years.1 Primary cutaneous nocardial infection is a mixed suppurative and granulomatous inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue.2,3 We report an immunocompetent patient with primary cutaneous nocardiosis who presented with lupus erythematosus‐like clinical features A 41‐year‐old woman had a progressive 5‐year history of a skin rash on her face and neck. In October 1994, she noticed indurated erythema on both cheeks. There was no history of trauma. She was intermittently treated as having lupus erythmatosus with systemic steroids (10–25 mg daily) and hydroxychloroquine, but there was no improvement. In September 1998, she was referred to our hospital for the evaluation of the gradually spreading facial rash. Physical examination showed that the patient was in good general health except for the cutaneous findings of painless indurated erythematous plaques with follicular plugging on her face and neck (Fig. 1a). There was no palpable regional lymph adenopathy and no fever.
Low-Dose Dual-Source CT Angiography With Iterative Reconstruction for Coronary Artery Stent Evaluation
Authors: Jasmin Eisentopf, Stephan Achenbach, Stefan Ulzheimer, Christian Layritz, Wolfgang Wuest, Matthias May, Michael Lell, Dieter Ropers, Lutz Klinghammer, Werner G. Daniel, Tobias Pflederer
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2013)
Physicians, Nuclear War, and Politics
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

One of the more remarkable features of the resurgent public concern about nuclear war is the prominent role of the medical profession.Twenty years ago, at the time of the Cuban Missile Crisis, physicians were also in the vanguard of the anti-nuclear-war movement, but they represented only a tiny segment of the profession. A small group, calling themselves Physicians for Social Responsibility (PSR) wrote a landmark study of the medical consequences of thermonuclear war, which was published in the Journal.1 2 3 4 5 It attracted national attention and helped the public and the profession understand facts that had not been squarely faced . . .
Backleak, tight junctions, and cell- cell adhesion in postischemic injury to the renal allograft.
Authors: O Kwon, W J Nelson, R Sibley, P Huie, J D Scandling, D Dafoe, E Alfrey, B D Myers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Postischemic injury in recipients of 3-7-d-old renal allografts was classified into sustained (n = 19) or recovering (n = 20) acute renal failure (ARF) according to the prevailing inulin clearance. Recipients of optimally functioning, long-standing allografts and living donors undergoing nephrectomy served as functional (n = 14) and structural controls (n = 10), respectively. Marked elevation above control of fractional clearance of dextrans of graded size was consistent with transtubular backleak of 57% of filtrate (inulin) in sustained ARF. No backleak was detected in recovering ARF. To explore a structural basis for backleak, allograft biopsies were taken intraoperatively, 1 h after reperfusion in all recipients, and again on day 7 after transplant in a subset (n = 10). Electron microscopy revealed disruption of both apical and basolateral membranes of proximal tubule cells in both sustained and recovering ARF, but cell exfoliation and tubule basement membrane denudation were negligible. Histochemical analysis of membrane-associated adhesion complexes confirmed an abnormality of proximal but not distal tubule cells, marked in sustained ARF but not in recovering ARF. Staining for the zonula occludens complex (ZO-1) and adherens complex (alpha, beta, and gamma catenins) revealed diminished intensity and redistribution of each cytoskeletal protein from the apico-lateral membrane boundary. We conclude that impaired integrity of tight junctions and cell-cell adhesion in the proximal tubule provides a paracellular pathway through which filtrate leaks back in sustained allograft ARF.
Abstract 5030: Necitumumab (IMC-11F8), a recombinant human anti EGFR antibody, increases the antitumor effects of cisplatin/paclitaxel in human NSCLC xenograft models
Authors: James R. Tonra, Huiling Li, Dhanvanthri S. Deevi, Channa Bao, Selda Samakoglu
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeted antibodies may have a role in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), based on preclinical and clinical data. Here we have demonstrated a significant benefit of adding necitumumab, a recombinant human IgG1 antibody targeting EGFR, to cisplatin+paclitaxel administered at its maximum tolerated dose, in subcutaneous xenograft tumor models established in nu/nu athymic mice with A549 or NCI-H1650 NSCLC cell lines. Necitumumab monotherapy or cisplatin+paclitaxel therapy inhibited xenograft tumor growth with a T/C% of 47 and 63, respectively in A549 tumor model. A similar anti tumor effect was seen in NCI-H1650 xenograft tumors treated with necitumumab monotherapy or cisplatin+paclitaxel therapy with a T/C% of 37 and 50, respectively. Furthermore, the combination of necitumumab with cisplatin+paclitaxel significantly inhibited tumor growth with a magnitude greater than any of the therapies alone in A549 xenograft tumors with a T/C% of 33 and in NCI-H1650 xenograft tumors with a T/C% of 18. Combination treatment resulted in partial regressions (3 out of 9 mice) in A549 and maximum tumor regressions (10 out of 12) in NCI-H1650. Chi-Squared test for all animals in the treatment groups showed p=0.02 in A549 and p=3.0E-08 in NCI-H1650 xenograft tumors. In vitro analysis on A549 and NCI-H1650 cell lines treated with cisplatin+paclitaxel, with/without necitumumab (5 μg/ml) demonstrated that this combination benefit was associated with the increased apoptotic index in both models. Cell cycle arrest during combination therapy was also observed as an increase in the percentage of cells in G2/M phase in A549 and S or G2/M phase in NCI-H1650 cell lines. We are further utilizing SABiosciences PCR arrays to demonstrate combination benefit related gene function in apoptosis, cell cycle signaling pathways and drug specific biomarkers in both A549 and NCI-H1650 cell lines. Thus our results demonstrate the potential utility of necitumumab for enhancing the efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy in both in A549 and NCI-H1650 cell lines and xenograft tumors models. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5030. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5030
S144 Acute cough: a longitudinal observational study
Authors: K. K. Lee, S. Matos, D. H. Evans, I. D. Pavord, S. S. Birring
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Acute cough is a common illness with more than 12 million episodes each year in the UK. More than £100 million is spent on over-the-counter cough medicines annually, despite limited evidence to support their efficacy. The optimal cough assessment outcome parameter for clinical evaluation of anti-tussive drugs is not known. We investigated the natural course of acute cough with objective and subjective cough assessment tools. <h3>Methods</h3> 32 healthy subjects with acute cough due to upper respiratory tract infection (median (IQR) age 30 (32–35) years, 63% female, mean (SEM) duration of cough 4.2 (0.4) days) were recruited for evaluation. Subjects taking anti-tussives were excluded. Assessments of cough severity included objective 24-h ambulatory cough frequency monitoring with the Leicester Cough Monitor, health related quality of life (HRQOL) with the Leicester Cough Questionnaire-Acute (LCQ) and cough severity visual analogue scale (VAS). Assessments were performed at baseline (day 1) and then 4 and 8 days later. Global rating of change questionnaires were completed by patients at each follow-up to assess change in cough severity and determine minimal important difference. <h3>Results</h3> At baseline, the median (IQR) LCQ score was 14.7 (10.9–18.3) and mean (SEM) cough VAS was 48 (4) mm, consistent with a severe cough associated with significant impairment in HRQOL. Geometric mean (logSD) 24-h cough frequency (CF<sub>24</sub>) at baseline was 15.0 (0.4) coughs/hr, and at days 5 and 9 were 8.7 (0.5) and 3.4 (0.7) coughs/hr respectively. At day 5, 3 subjects reported no change, 9 mild, 14 moderate and 6 large change in their cough severity. At day 9, 6 subjects reported mild, 5 moderate and 20 large change in cough severity. The minimal important difference on day 5 for the LCQ was 2.0, VAS 17 mm and CF<sub>24</sub> 54% change from baseline. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Acute cough is associated with a significant cough frequency and impairment in HRQOL. We suggest clinical trials of anti-tussive drugs should incorporate objective and subjective cough assessment outcome measures. Anti-tussive drugs need to demonstrate a considerable reduction in cough frequency (&gt;54% over a 4-day interval) to establish clinically important efficacy.
Prevalence of Cholelithiasis in Idiopathic Late-Onset Immunoglobulin Deficiency
Authors: JOSE A. DIAZ-BUXO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Twelve of 50 consecutive patients with idiopathic late-onset immunoglobulin deficiency had cholelithiasis. This represents a prevalence rate of 24%, which is significantly above the rate in a control group of 500 patients from this medical center matched 10:1 for age and sex (P less than 0.005). This finding adds a new gastrointestinal abnormality to those known to occur in idiopathic late-onset immunoglobulin deficiency.
VON RECKLINGHAUSEN'S DISEASE: CASE PRESENTING INVOLVEMENT OF LEFT EYELIDS
Authors: Arthur A. Knapp
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Following is the report of a case of von Recklinghausen's disease, with unusual manifestations: <h3>History.</h3> —A man was admitted to the New York City Cancer Institute, in 1925, because of a growth on the left side of the face, which had been present since birth. The family history has no bearing on the case. At birth, which was normal, a "bulging" of the patient's left eye was observed. At 6 months, the child sat up, at which time his mother noticed a "drooping" of the left upper lid, which appeared to be swollen throughout. Shortly after this, the swelling involved the cheek, with the subsequent growth of the left cheek out of all proportion to the right. He walked before he was a year old. When 2 years of age, an ophthalmologist was consulted in regard to the exophthalmos. Some surgical procedure was advised. The parents were told that it
Health Services in the United States: A Growth Enterprise Since 1875
Authors: Bruce Stuart
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Twenty years ago, Odin Anderson wrote a provocative account of the development of American health policy between 1875 and 1965, entitled<i>The Uneasy Equilibrium</i>. This new work incorporates the older one, virtually intact, but extends the analysis in time and scope of coverage. The central theme is the same in both books. United States health policy is shown as the product of a deep ambivalence in public attitudes that at once support a private market-oriented health provision system and a collective, increasingly public, means of financing. Anderson's primary focus is on the 40 years beginning with the American Association for Labor Legislation's attempt to enact compulsory statelevel health insurance programs prior to US entry into World War I, and culminating with the Medicare and Medicaid legislation of 1965. He provides an insightful analysis of the ebb and flow of legislative interest in health financing programs throughout this era. Of particular
On "Dysphasia" or Aphasia as an Initial Symptom of Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: M. M. Sinclair
Journal: BMJ (1902)

Microscopical examination of the lung juice showed fine bacilli and a few diplococci; cultivations yielded an impure growth of what appeared to be the B. influenzae.A rabbit which was inoculated into the peritoneal cavity with 0.2 cCm. of the lung juice died seven days later, but culture media inoculated from the heart blood, etc.. remained sterile.A point of great interest bearing upon the pathogenesis of the B. influenzae was observed during the progress of this work.Pfeiffer, who originally described the organism, stated that it was pathogenic for rabbits when injected intravenously, Sucl4 inoculation being followed by paralysis of the hind limbs and in some cases death, but in no instance did he obtain effects resembling septicaemic infection.Cantani has also shown that it is possible to infect rabbits by means of intra- venous injection, and his experiments bear witness to the powerful effects of the toxin elaborated by the bacillus.In two of our cases (B.P., I and B. P.. io) the intraperitoneal injection of material containing the B. influenza was followed by death in about forty-eight hours from septicaemia, and the influenza bacillus was obtained direct from the heart blood, in one case associated with staphylococcus albus, from which it was easily separated; in the other in a state of purity.Its presence was also demonstrated microscopically in smear preparations from the spleen pulp.On the other hand, intra- perltoneal inoculation of even large doses of early generations of the B. influenzae subcultivated upon blood agar failed to induce general infection and death.
OXYGEN INJECTIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOUS PERITONITIS
Authors: Carroll Smith
Journal: JAMA (1925)

At least 75 per cent. of the ascitic forms of tuberculous peritonitis are cured by laparotomy. Spencer Wells, in 1862, unintentionally operated on a patient with tuberculous peritonitis, who made a prompt recovery. He had diagnosed the condition before operation as a case of ovarian cyst. Operative treatment was first advised by Koenig, in 1884, but it never has been known just why a mere laparotomy cured the condition. Hildebrandt thought that the postoperative hyperemia was the cause. Others thought it was simply the admission of air. Gatti believed that the fluid exudate that follows operation exerted an injurious or bactericidal effect on the tubercle bacilli and thus promoted recovery. Murphy had the good fortune to see the peritoneum three or four days after operation for tuberculous peritonitis. He found that it was intensely congested, that its vascularity was greatly increased, that its gloss was almost or quite abolished, that
Antibody‐Dependent Monocyte‐Mediated Cytotoxidty in Severe Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Knud Kragballe
Journal: Allergy (1979)

Antibody-dependent monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity was studied in nine patients with severe atopic dermatitis during flares of their disease. In all cases the cytotoxicity was depressed. The disturbed function may contribute to the severe cutaneous infections seen in these patients. It remains to be seen if these patients have an intrinsic monocyte defect or if an inhibiting factor only is operating during active disease states.
An Agenda for Physicians and Legislators, 1976
Authors: William R. Roy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Shattuck Lectures have always been timely. One can trace the history of modern medicine reasonably well by reviewing the titles of the lectures.The lectures have been primarily clinical and scientific in nature, following the precedent of Dr. George Brune Shattuck's first presentation in 1890 on the subject of influenza. The greatest accomplishments of medicine after Koch and Lister have been revealed and reviewed here by the men who were, or are, the miracle workers of modern medicine. During the span of their work, medical care has contributed greatly to the doubling of the life expectancy of the citizens of . . .
Judging a book by its cover: descriptive survey of patients' preferences for doctors' appearance and mode of address
Authors: Marianne M Lill, Tim J Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To document patients9 preferred dress styles of their doctors and modes of address. <b>Design</b> Descriptive survey. <b>Setting</b> Inpatients and outpatients at a tertiary level hospital, New Zealand. <b>Participants</b> 202 inpatients and 249 outpatients, mean age 55.9 (SD 19.3) years. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Ranking of patients9 opinions of photographs showing doctors wearing different dress styles. A five point Likert scale was used to measure patient comfort with particular items of appearance. <b>Results</b> Patients preferred doctors to wear semiformal attire, but the addition of a smiling face was even better. The next most preferred styles were semiformal without a smile, followed by white coat, formal suit, jeans, and casual dress. Patients were more comfortable with conservative items of clothing, such as long sleeves, covered shoes, and dress trousers or skirts than with less conservative items such as facial piercing, short tops, and earrings on men. Many less conservative items such as jeans were still acceptable to most patients. Most patients preferred to be called by their first name, to be introduced to a doctor by full name and title, and to see the doctor9s name badge worn at the breast pocket. Older patients had more conservative preferences. <b>Conclusions</b> Patients prefer doctors to wear semiformal dress and are most comfortable with conservative items; many less conservative items were, however, acceptable. A smile made a big difference.
The worm turns on Helicobacter pylori
Authors: T T MACDONALD
Journal: Gut (2001)

Helicobacter pylori is causally associated with gastritis and gastric cancer.Some developing countries with a high prevalence of infection have high gastric cancer rates, whereas in others, these rates are low.The progression of helicobacterinduced gastritis and gastric atrophy mediated by type 1 T-helper cells may be modulated by concurrent parasitic infection.Here, in mice with concurrent helminth infection, helicobacterassociated gastric atrophy was reduced considerably despite chronic inflammation and high helicobacter colonization.This correlated with a substantial reduction in mRNA for cytokines and chemokines associated with a gastric inflammatory response of type 1 T-helper cells.Thus, concurrent enteric helminth infection can attenuate gastric atrophy, a premalignant lesion.