tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Is Antiretroviral Therapy Cost-Effective in South Africa?
Authors: R. Scott Braithwaite, Joel Tsevat
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

No resource allocation decision occurs in a vacuum. The decision to fund any public health intervention implies that those funds will be unavailable for alternative uses that may confer greater or lesser benefits. Even when funds are earmarked for a specific purpose such as providing antiretroviral therapy (ART) questions persist: should more money be spent on pharmaceuticals and less on laboratory tests that monitor treatment response? should treatments be targeted toward individuals with a wide spectrum of disease stages or should treatments be targeted exclusively toward individuals with late-stage disease? The purpose of cost-effectiveness analysis is to enable the health and economic value from a particular policy decision to be compared with the value from alternative decisions. While many factors other than health and economic value need to be considered in the formulation of health policy (for example ensuring equality in access to health services) such value is an important consideration. The cost-effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been studied widely in resource-rich countries but data from resource-poor environments have been scarce or are out of date. A new study by Motasim Badri and colleagues in PLoS Medicine on the cost-effectiveness of HAART in South Africa therefore constitutes an important addition to the literature. (excerpt)
Accumulation of risk markers predicts the incidence of sudden death in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Jun Watanabe, Tsuyoshi Shinozaki, Nobuyuki Shiba, Kohei Fukahori, Yoshito Koseki, Akihiko Karibe, Masahito Sakuma, Masahito Miura, Yutaka Kagaya, Kunio Shirato
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2005)
Psychoanalytic Schools From the Beginning to the Present
Authors: Natalie Shainess
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<i>Psychoanalytic Schools</i>is a formidable book. Its 568 pages run like a sea of uninterrupted black print, presaging its heavy style unleavened by a humorous word or a change of pace—perhaps in part the result of translation from the German. Its list of contents runs 26 pages—a noble attempt to summarize the material of each chapter, and yet rather threatening in its "muchness." The brief introduction by Leston Havens is the lightest note in the book, and really an excellent summary that brings crucial issues to the fore. Although it conveys briefly and with reasonable accuracy the theoretical approaches of psychoanalysts from Freud to the present, there are some surprising and perhaps capricious inclusions and omissions concerning this side of the ocean—and it would probably be accurate to add, on the other side as well. It is very difficult to know what kind of recommendation to make about this book.
Letter: Gold therapy in 1975.
Authors: S P Liyanage
Journal: BMJ (1975)

stated) and Morgan et al.4 also noted a rise in blood pressure in a few cases.Thorpe9 reported a rise in blood pressure (to 240/140 Hg) in a -patient who itook about 500 mg of pindolol in a suicide attempt.It is difficult to estimate exactly ihow often a hypertensive effect ooears, but our ex- perience with 260 patients treated with pin- dolol suggests that it may occur in about 5 % of cases.We ibelieve that pindolol is a useful and effeeive drug but that -the initial dosage should be low ,(for example, 2 5-5 0 mg twice daily) and that if dosages above 25-40 mg daily seem to be ineffective, then dose reduction should be tried.The 'blood pressure may then fall to satisfactory levels.If it remains unchanged, or if it falls but is still un- satisfactory, then somne other drug should be added.-Weare, etc.,
STUDY OF RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY CONTROL AT CENTRAL AND IN-HOUSE RADIOPHARMACIES
Authors: P. J. Robbins, M. J. Daly, T. J. Benedict, F. Z. Wickham
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

Nuclear Medicine Laboratory, Division of Electronic Products, BRH, FDA, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH and Ohio Board of Pharmacy, Columbus, OH.
Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) Ventilation
Authors: Kenneth S. Wayne
Journal: JAMA (1976)

In situations characterized by a substantial decrease in lung compliance and a large alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilation is often effective in enhancing arterial oxygen content. It may have a variable effect on cardiac output based in part on the level of end-expiratory pressure, the state of intravascular volume, and the pathophysiology of the underlying pulmonary abnormality. It is most beneficial in conditions manifesting diminished lung compliance. Evidence is clear that PEEP may decrease expiratory shunting by maintaining alveolar patency, thereby increasing functional residual capacity. It may not prevent and may actually favor accumulation of interstitial lung water. Commonly employed levels of PEEP result in a 7% incidence of pneumothorax. The most advantageous level of PEEP is variable and is determined by sequential monitoring of multiple physiologic indexes.
Cardiovascular responses in man to a stream of cold air
Authors: J. M. HAYWARD, W. F. HOLMES, B. A. GOODEN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1976)

Cardiovascular responses to a stream of cold air (0−10°C) directed towards the face and abdomen separately were examined in 12 human subjects. Cold air directed at the side of the face produced a 36±6% increase in forearm vascular resistance and 22±4% reduction in blood flow. Cold air on the abdomen did not produce a significant change in vascular resistance. The results are discussed in relation to angina pectoris evoked by cold wind.
Placebos in medicine
Authors: Toke S Barfod
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—In their paper on the use of placebos in clinical practice, Nitzan and Lichtenberg say that they were unable to find more than one other study on the use of placebos in a clinical context.1 2 Eight similar studies are indexed in PubMed (see bmj.com).

In the accompanying editorial, Spiegel points out that the Cochrane …
Intestinal epithelial vitamin D receptor signaling inhibits experimental colitis
Authors: Weicheng Liu, Yunzi Chen, Maya Aharoni Golan, Maria L. Annunziata, Jie Du, Urszula Dougherty, Juan Kong, Mark Musch, Yong Huang, Joel Pekow, Changqing Zheng, Marc Bissonnette, Stephen B. Hanauer, Yan Chun Li
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

The inhibitory effects of vitamin D on colitis have been previously documented. Global vitamin D receptor (VDR) deletion exaggerates colitis, but the relative anticolitic contribution of epithelial and nonepithelial VDR signaling is unknown. Here, we showed that colonic epithelial VDR expression was substantially reduced in patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. Moreover, targeted expression of human VDR (hVDR) in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) protected mice from developing colitis. In experimental colitis models induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid, dextran sulfate sodium, or CD4+CD45RBhi T cell transfer, transgenic mice expressing hVDR in IECs were highly resistant to colitis, as manifested by marked reductions in clinical colitis scores, colonic histological damage, and colonic inflammation compared with WT mice. Reconstitution of Vdr-deficient IECs with the hVDR transgene completely rescued Vdr-null mice from severe colitis and death, even though the mice still maintained a hyperresponsive Vdr-deficient immune system. Mechanistically, VDR signaling attenuated PUMA induction in IECs by blocking NF-κB activation, leading to a reduction in IEC apoptosis. Together, these results demonstrate that gut epithelial VDR signaling inhibits colitis by protecting the mucosal epithelial barrier, and this anticolitic activity is independent of nonepithelial immune VDR actions.
492 A phase II, placebo-controlled study of merimepodib (XV-497), in combination with pegylated interferon-alfa, and ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C non-responsive to previous therapy with interferon-alfa and ribavirin
Authors: P. Marcellin, Y. Horsmans, F. Nevens, J.D. Grange, J.P. Bronowicki, D. Vetter, R. Kauffman, S. Knox, L. McNair, S. Moseley, J. Alam
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Screening for Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Achini Jayatilleke
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Genetic Factors Associated With Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions—Reply
Authors: Wen-Hung Chung, Shuen-Iu Hung
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cervical spondylosis and neck pain
Authors: Allan I Binder
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Most patients who present with neck pain have "non-specific (simple) neck pain," where symptoms have a postural or mechanical basis. Aetiological factors are poorly understoodw1 and are usually multifactorial, including poor posture, anxiety, depression, neck strain, and sporting or occupational activities.w2 Neck pain after whiplash injury also fits into this category, provided no bony injury or neurological deficit is present.w3 When mechanical factors are prominent, the condition is often referred to as "cervical spondylosis," although the term is often applied to all non-specific neck pain. Mechanical and degenerative factors are more likely to be present in chronic neck pain. In cervical spondylosis, degenerative changes start in the intervertebral discs with osteophyte formation and involvement of adjacent soft tissue structures. Many people over 30 show similar abnormalities on plain radiographs of the cervical spine, however, so the boundary between normal ageing and disease is difficult to define.w4 Even severe degenerative changes are often asymptomatic, but can lead to neck pain, stiffness, or neurological complications. I will concentrate on the diagnosis of cervical spondylosis and the evidence available for the different treatments. I will also mention some practical measures that are thought to be important but have not yet been studied. Specific conditions like fibromyalgia, disc prolapse, and whiplash will not be considered, although some patients with these conditions may have been included in therapeutic studies. #### Summary points
Overlapping Role of Dynamin Isoforms in Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis
Authors: Andrea Raimondi, Shawn M. Ferguson, Xuelin Lou, Moritz Armbruster, Summer Paradise, Silvia Giovedi, Mirko Messa, Nao Kono, Junko Takasaki, Valentina Cappello, Eileen O'Toole, Timothy A. Ryan, Pietro De Camilli
Journal: Neuron (2011)
Preliminary case report of fatal anthrax in an injecting drug user in North-Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, December 2009
Authors: D Radun, H Bernard, M Altmann, I Schöneberg, V Bochat, U van Treeck, R  M Rippe, R Grunow, M Elschner, W Biederbick, G Krause
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2010)

A fatal case of anthrax occurred in an injecting drug user in Germany, in December 2009. A potential link to similar cases in Scotland in the same time period is currently under investigation.
Ventricular Ectopic Rhythms following Vagal Stimulation in Dogs with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: JAY KERZNER, MARSHALL WOLF, BERNARD D. KOSOWSKY, BERNARD LOWN
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Vagal stimulation inducing significant bradycardia did not precipitate ventricular fibrillation in any of 34 dogs subjected to ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Vagal stimulation, however, did result in two distinct types of ventricular arrhythmias occurring at different times following coronary occlusion. Within 3 hours, couplets and salvos were provoked which were overdriven by pacing at slow rates. From 4.5 to 9 hours ventricular tachycardia resulted which was slower in rate than the intrinsic sinus rhythm and could be overdriven only by pacing at rates faster than the ectopic mechanism. The response to acetylcholine administration was similar to that of vagal stimulation. By pacing in the presence of complete heart block or by the use of beta-adrenergic blockade, bradycardia was shown to be the basis for the ventricular arrhythmias. Reentry is believed to be the mechanism for the ectopics provoked by bradycardia early after coronary acclusion, while enhanced Purkinje fiber automaticity may account for the late arrhythmias.
1035 THE ANTIFIBROTIC EFFECT OF SORAFENIB IS DUE TO DECREASED HSCS ACTIVATION MEDIATED BY ANGIOGENESIS BLOCKAGE
Authors: S. De Minicis, L. Agostinelli, C. Rychlicki, S. Saccomanno, L. Trozzi, I. Pierantonelli, A. Benedetti, G. Svegliati-Baroni
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Overweight, Obesity, and Mortality in a Large Prospective Cohort of Persons 50 to 71 Years Old
Authors: Kenneth F. Adams, Arthur Schatzkin, Tamara B. Harris, Victor Kipnis, Traci Mouw, Rachel Ballard-Barbash, Albert Hollenbeck, Michael F. Leitzmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Obesity, defined by a body-mass index (BMI) (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) of 30.0 or more, is associated with an increased risk of death, but the relation between overweight (a BMI of 25.0 to 29.9) and the risk of death has been questioned.We prospectively examined BMI in relation to the risk of death from any cause in 527,265 U.S. men and women in the National Institutes of Health-AARP cohort who were 50 to 71 years old at enrollment in 1995-1996. BMI was calculated from self-reported weight and height. Relative risks and 95 percent confidence intervals were adjusted for age, race or ethnic group, level of education, smoking status, physical activity, and alcohol intake. We also conducted alternative analyses to address potential biases related to preexisting chronic disease and smoking status.During a maximum follow-up of 10 years through 2005, 61,317 participants (42,173 men and 19,144 women) died. Initial analyses showed an increased risk of death for the highest and lowest categories of BMI among both men and women, in all racial or ethnic groups, and at all ages. When the analysis was restricted to healthy people who had never smoked, the risk of death was associated with both overweight and obesity among men and women. In analyses of BMI during midlife (age of 50 years) among those who had never smoked, the associations became stronger, with the risk of death increasing by 20 to 40 percent among overweight persons and by two to at least three times among obese persons; the risk of death among underweight persons was attenuated.Excess body weight during midlife, including overweight, is associated with an increased risk of death.
Alcohol consumption and premature death in middle-aged men.
Authors: B Peterson, H Kristenson, N H Sternby, E Trell, G Fex, B Hood
Journal: BMJ (1980)

All the men living in Malmö born in 1926-9 were invited for a screening examination which included an assessment of alcohol consumption and measurement of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity. They were followed for up to four years (median 2) and their mortality assessed. Sixty-two deaths occurred, 41 (0.9%) among the 4571 men who attended the screening investigation and 21 (1.3%) among the 1609 who did not respond to the invitation. Evidence of alcohol abuse or an alcohol-related cause of death was present in 25 (61%) of the deaths among the attenders and 13 (62%) of those among the non-responders. GGT values at the screening investigation were significantly increased in 19 (46%) of those who died, but established risk factors, such as cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations and blood pressure, had little predictive value. Measurement of GGT provided an objective index of alcohol consumption, though the full clinical importance of a raised value needs further assessment. The finding that heavy alcohol consumption was the single most important factor associated with premature death in these middle-aged men has important implications for prevention.
Lack of Release of Platelet Factor 4 during Exercise-Induced Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Philip C. Mathis, Herbert Wohl, Sabina R. Wallach, Robert L. Engler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

PLATELETS have long been implicated as a cause of acute myocardial ischemia,1 2 3 but absolute proof is lacking. Attempts to quantitate in vivo platelet activation during myocardial ischemia have led to the development of a number of indexes of platelet involvement, including the measurement of platelet aggregates4 and of platelet-specific proteins such as β-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4. However, results have been inconsistent5 , 6 and controversial, and platelets may not be involved in acute myocardial ischemia. Recently, Green and his coworkers presented evidence that patients with coronary-artery disease who are undergoing exercise-stress testing have elevations in platelet factor 4,7 a heparin-neutralizing protein . . .
Supporter of assisted dying law fears wrecking tactics by opponents
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Two powerful interventions by former Anglican archbishops, including a retired Archbishop of Canterbury, have given a boost to the Assisted Dying Bill, which is due to be debated for the first time in the UK parliament on 18 July.

The bill, introduced by the Labour peer Charles Falconer, will have its second reading debate in the House of Lords, where bishop members of the Lords have largely opposed it.1 But George Carey, who as Archbishop of Canterbury opposed a previous attempt to legalise assisted suicide, wrote in the Daily Mail that he had changed his mind “in the face of the reality of needless suffering” and would now support a …
INSTRUCTION OF THE PUBLIC IN ANTITUBERCULOSIS MEASURES BY A TRAVELING CAR EXHIBIT
Authors: GEORGE HOMAN
Journal: JAMA (1910)

remembered that the heart muscle has been shown to cor¬ respond in every way with the skeletal muscles as regards the output of work and conditions under which work may be done to the best advantage as regards time or load.The heart muscle, however, does not appear to niter in tone so rapidly us do the skeletal muscles.We should consider the possibility that the tone of the muscle of the heart may alternate nearly tis does the tone of the skeletal muscles.Until we can prove consistently that certain procedures alter the tone of the heart muscle we must be conservative in accepting such a change of tone as an explanation of or accompaniment of heart-blocks as instanced in the papers read.Dr. Alhert E. Tauhsig, St. Louis: I have under observa¬ tion a case of congenital stenosis of the pulmonic orifice with a patent ductus arteriosus which shows a phenomenon similar to that described by Dr. Lehmann.The patient is a young man, aged 1!), a shoemaker.He is able to earn a good living at his work in spite of his cardiac defect.The heart is en¬
AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION BY HEART RATE VARIABILITY ANALYSES CORRELATES WITH MYOCARDIAL FIBROSIS IN PEDIATRIC DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
Authors: Tamara O. Thomas, John Jefferies, Angela Lorts, Jeffrey Anderson, Kan Hor, Zhiqian Gao, Elaine Urbina
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Lamellar bodies as delivery systems of hydrolytic enzymes: Implications for normal and abnormal desquamation
Authors: G.K. MENON, RUBY GHADIALLY, MARY L. WILLIAMS, P.M. ELIAS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Journal Article Lamellar bodies as delivery systems of hydrolytic enzymes: Implications for normal and abnormal desquamation Get access G.K. MENON, G.K. MENON Dermatology Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, U.S.A. Department of Dermatology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar RUBY GHADIALLY, RUBY GHADIALLY Dermatology Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, U.S.A. Department of Dermatology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar MARY L. WILLIAMS, MARY L. WILLIAMS Dermatology Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, U.S.A. Department of Dermatology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.M. ELIAS P.M. ELIAS Dermatology Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, U.S.A. Department of Dermatology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, U.S.A. Dr P.M.Elias, V.A. Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA94121, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 126, Issue 4, 1 April 1992, Pages 337–345, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb00675.x Published: 01 April 1992
Affective prosody: Whence motherese
Authors: Marilee Monnot, Robert Foley, Elliott Ross
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Motherese is a form of affective prosody injected automatically into speech during caregiving solicitude. Affective prosody is the aspect of language that conveys emotion by changes in tone, rhythm, and emphasis during speech. It is a neocortical function that allows graded, highly varied vocal emotional expression. Other mammals have only rigid, species-specific, limbic vocalizations. Thus, encephalization with corticalization is necessary for the evolution of progressively complex vocal emotional displays.