tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Manipulation in Treatment of Low Back Pain
Authors: E. Riches
Journal: BMJ (1975)

associated with a rising haemoglobin level due to loss of plasma into the tissues or stimulation of erythropoiesis from renal caemia.Future investigations on the geographical distribution of edlampsia should therefore test the effects of a-ltitude and secondary polycythaemia.FinaUly, there is another aspect of low temperature and high humidity in the tropics -namely, tat such conditions may be associated with thunderstorms.The paper you quote from Colombia mentions that there are "no reports of electrically charged mountain winds" but does not give a quantitative record of thunder or lightning.Itt may not be entirely fortuitous that the first of nine eclamptic fits in a Germ-n woman on 21 June 1902 was -at the height of such a storm ("erster Anfall im Augenblick eines in der Ndhe niedergehenden schweren Blitzes").5Wihether from the cooling of an abnormal plasmna or the intense visual or auditory stimulation of an ischaemic cerebrum by a newby thunderbolt, the weather may stll give clues to the pathogenesis of eciampsia.-Iam, etc.,
Achieving Target Refraction after Cataract Surgery
Authors: Shira S. Simon, Yewlin E. Chee, Ramez I. Haddadin, Peter B. Veldman, Sheila Borboli-Gerogiannis, Stacey C. Brauner, Kenneth K. Chang, Sherleen H. Chen, Matthew F. Gardiner, Scott H. Greenstein, Carolyn E. Kloek, Teresa C. Chen
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
Haemodynamic effects of atrial natriuretic peptide in hypoxic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Authors: T K Rogers, W Sheedy, J Waterhouse, P Howard, A H Morice
Journal: Thorax (1994)

BACKGROUND--Pulmonary artery pressure is elevated in patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is increased in pulmonary hypertension and this hormone may both selectively vasodilate pulmonary vessels and inhibit pulmonary vascular remodelling. The hypothesis that ANP has a physiological role in protection of the pulmonary circulation from pressure overload, and that it may be beneficial in patients with COPD, has been examined. METHODS--Ten patients with hypoxic COPD were infused for 30 minute periods with saline followed by ANP at 0.4, 2, and 10 pmol/kg/min respectively via a pulmonary artery catheter whilst monitoring haemodynamics and oxygenation. RESULTS--Levels of immunoreactive ANP (irANP) increased from a mean (SD) of 23 (15) pmol/l to a maximum of 94 (41) pmol/l. Neither systemic blood pressure, cardiac output nor total systemic vascular resistance showed any correlation with irANP levels. There were negative correlations between levels of ANP and mean pulmonary artery pressure which fell from 28.7 to 25.9 mm Hg, pulmonary artery wedge pressure which fell from 6.5 to 4.6 mmHg, and total pulmonary vascular resistance which fell from 489 to 428 dynes s cm-5. There was a small fall in PaCO2 from 6.2 to 5.9 kPa, whilst venous admixture and oxygen delivery both increased non-significantly. CONCLUSIONS--At these pathophysiological concentrations there was evidence that ANP selectively reduced right ventricular afterload. These data support the hypotheses that increased plasma levels of ANP may be beneficial in hypoxic COPD, and that endogenous ANP may ameliorate pulmonary hypertension in humans.
Long-term beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol therapy in juvenile asthma.
Authors: R S Francis
Journal: Thorax (1976)

Following a short-term clinical trial reported elsewhere, beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol has been given to 15 children with asthma for between 2 1/2 and 3 years except for a short placebo period after the first year. Month-by-month records of wheezing, peak flow rate, and other treatments used are presented for the first 17 months, adrenocortical function tests are reported for the first 2 years, and growth is recorded for 2 1/2-3 years. The short-term clinical benefits of the treatment are confirmed in the longer term, adrenocortical function appears to be unchanged, and growth proceeds along expected lines. The main disadvantage seems to be worsening of eczema and allergic rhinitis in those children who have ceased using corticotrophin or oral steroids for the control of asthma. It is concluded that in the long term beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol provides safe and effective day-to-day control of asthma in children, although occasional recourse to systemic steroid therapy cannot be avoided. Oral candidasis has not been a clinical problem.
Effect of Medullary Tonicity on Urinary Sodium Excretion in the Rat
Authors: H. John Reineck, Retta Parma
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

In previous reports from this laboratory we have suggested that a reduction in medullary tonicity decreases the thin ascending loop of Henle sodium reabsorption and is in part responsible for the magnitude for the natriuresis accompanying 10% body weight Ringer loading. According to this postulate, one would expect that the medullary washout associated with water diuresis would also result in a natriuresis, but this does not occur. It is possible, however, that increased delivery from the proximal tubule is necessary to demonstrate an effect of medullary tonicity on urinary sodium excretion. Micropuncture studies were designed to test that possibility by increasing distal delivery by 2% Ringer loading in animals with and without reduced medullary tonicity. In an initial series of experiments the α-adrenergic agonist clonidine was used to induce a water diuresis. When given alone, this agent caused a marked decrease in urine osmolality and an increase in urine flow rate but had no effect on proximal reabsorption in either superficial or juxtamedullary nephrons, and did not alter urinary sodium excretion. Volume expansion with 2% body weight Ringer solution resulted in a significant fall in proximal reabsorption and a trivial increment in sodium excretion. When this same degree of volume expansion was conferred on animals undergoing a water diuresis, a marked increase in absolute and fractional sodium excretion occurred. In a second group of studies medullary tonicity was reduced in the left kidney only by removal of the left ureter 1 h before micropuncture. When these animals were infused with 2% body weight Ringer solution, proximal reabsorption was decreased in juxtamedullary nephrons, and a marked increase in sodium excretion was observed only from the left kidney. Finally, the effect of water diuresis on fractional sodium delivery to the early and late distal tubule of superficial nephrons during 2% Ringer loading was evaluated. Delivery to both of these sites was comparable after 2% Ringer loading alone and during 2% Ringer loading plus water diuresis.
Mass flu vaccination of healthcare workers: not to be sniffed at
Authors: W. Daw, R. Morton, D. King
Journal: BMJ (2014)

We are worried that McCartney’s article will exacerbate the current reluctance among healthcare professionals to have the influenza vaccine.1 She expresses doubts about the effectiveness of vaccinating healthcare professionals, in direct opposition to current government policy.2 Most of her conclusions seem to be based on the outcome of only a small reduction …
Interleukin-20 plays a critical role in maintenance and development of psoriasis in the human xenograft transplantation model
Authors: K. Stenderup, C. Rosada, A. Worsaae, F. Dagnaes-Hansen, T. Steiniche, E. Hasselager, L.F. Iversen, S. Zahn, H. Wöldike, H. Lindgreen Holmberg, J. Rømer, K. Kragballe, J.T. Clausen, T.N. Dam
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Journal Article Interleukin‐20 plays a critical role in maintenance and development of psoriasis in the human xenograft transplantation model Get access K. Stenderup, K. Stenderup Departments of Dermatology Correspondence: Karin Stenderup. E‐mail: Karin_Stenderup@email.dk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Rosada, C. Rosada Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Worsaae, A. Worsaae Discovery, Novo Nordisk, Bagsvaerd, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Dagnaes‐Hansen, F. Dagnaes‐Hansen Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Steiniche, T. Steiniche Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK‐8000 Aarhus, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Hasselager, E. Hasselager Discovery, Novo Nordisk, Bagsvaerd, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L.F. Iversen, L.F. Iversen Discovery, Novo Nordisk, Bagsvaerd, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Zahn, S. Zahn Discovery, Novo Nordisk, Bagsvaerd, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Wöldike, H. Wöldike Discovery, Novo Nordisk, Bagsvaerd, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Lindgreen Holmberg, H. Lindgreen Holmberg Discovery, Novo Nordisk, Bagsvaerd, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ... Show more J. Rømer, J. Rømer Discovery, Novo Nordisk, Bagsvaerd, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Kragballe, K. Kragballe Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.T. Clausen, J.T. Clausen Discovery, Novo Nordisk, Bagsvaerd, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T.N. Dam T.N. Dam Department of Dermatology, Roskilde Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 160, Issue 2, 1 February 2009, Pages 284–296, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08890.x Published: 01 February 2009
Autumn Books: Nottingham paediatrics text
Authors: T H Hughes-Davies
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The role of sex chromosomes in sex determination has been well studied in diverse groups of organisms. However, the role of the genes on the sex chromosomes in conferring sexual dimorphism is still being experimentally evaluated. An unequal complement of sex chromosomes between two sexes makes them amenable to sex-specific evolutionary forces. Sex-linked genes preferentially expressed in one sex over the other offer a potential means of addressing the role of sex chromosomes in sexual dimorphism. We examined the testis transcriptome of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, which has a ZW chromosome constitution in the female and ZZ in the male, and show that the Z chromosome harbors a significantly higher number of genes expressed preferentially in testis compared to the autosomes. We hypothesize that sexual antagonism and absence of dosage compensation have possibly led to the accumulation of many male-specific genes on the Z chromosome. Further, our analysis of testis-specific paralogous genes suggests that the accumulation on the Z chromosome of genes advantageous to males has occurred primarily by translocation or tandem duplication.
Abstract 1329: Personalizing gastrointestinal cancer treatment by the utilization of TumorGraft™ technology
Authors: Meredith James, Elizabeth Bruckheimer, Ronnie Morris, Eric Rowinsky, David Sidransky, Keren Paz
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Malignancies of the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract share similarities in their symptoms, histology, genetic composition and sites of metastasis, but differ in their incidence rates. While colorectal cancer is common with over 130,000 new cases annually in the US alone, small intestinal adenocarcinoma is relatively rare with only 2500 new cases annually. Nevertheless, the overall clinical benefit of “standard of care” therapeutics is negligible, thereby underlining the need for novel therapeutics, especially personalized approaches. Champions Oncology focuses on personalizing cancer treatment via generating Tumorgraft models from each patient's individual whole tumor. The current study describes the attempt to identify a personalized solution for two patients with metastatic colorectal and duodenal cancers. Using Champions revolutionary Tumorgraft™ technology, personalized ‘trials’ were performed in vivo. Tumor fragments, obtained from the patient's liver metastases, were implanted into immunodeficient mice in a manner that preserves the biological properties of the original tumor and supporting stroma. Once the Tumorgrafts models were established, individual therapeutics and combinations were evaluated to identify treatment regimens likely to be maximally effective in the clinic. Each drug study encompassed 16 different treatment groups, including FDA-approved, as well as investigational agents. Of the different treatment arms in the colorectal model, two demonstrated partial response with tumor growth inhibition values of 152 and 149% for irinotecan/cetuximab/sunitinib and bevacizumab/cetuximab/irinotecan, respectively. While the combination of cetuximab/irinotecan resulted in stable disease in the duodenal model as well, complete responses were observed in all mice treated with eribulin as a single agent. Mutation status analysis of the tumors revealed wild type KRAS. Additional molecular characterization is ongoing to determine other potential signatures of response. The results from the Tumorgraft study were recommended to the patients and their medical oncologists and new lines of treatment were commenced subsequently. The results from these Tumorgraft studies, the molecular profile of the tumors, and correlation with clinical outcome will be presented. Results demonstrate the application of Personalized Tumorgraft models to personalized oncology and their impact on the future of cancer treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1329. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1329
Nonselective cation channels as effectors of free radical–induced rat liver cell necrosis
Authors: Luis Felipe Barros, Andrés Stutzin, Andrea Calixto, Marcelo Catalán, Joel Castro, Claudio Hetz, Tamara Hermosilla
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Necrosis, as opposed to apoptosis, is recognized as a nonspecific cell death that induces tissue inflammation and is preceded by cell edema. In non-neuronal cells, the latter has been explained by defective outward pumping of Na+ caused by metabolic depletion or by increased Na+ influx via membrane transporters. Here we describe a novel mechanism of swelling and necrosis; namely the influx of Na+ through oxidative stress-activated nonselective cation channels. Exposure of liver epithelial Clone 9 cells to the free-radical donors calphostin C or menadione induced the rapid activation of an approximately 16-pS nonselective cation channel (NSCC). Blockage of this conductance with flufenamic acid protected the cells against swelling, calcium overload, and necrosis. Protection was also achieved by Gd3+, an inhibitor of stretch-activated cation channels, or by isosmotic replacement of extracellular Na+ with N-methyl-D-glucamine. It is proposed that NSCCs, which are ubiquitous although largely inactive in healthy cells, become activated under severe oxidative stress. The ensuing influx of Na+ initiates a positive feedback of metabolic and electrolytic disturbances leading cells to their necrotic demise.
Tracheostomy: An Underrated Surgical Procedure
Authors: Ben Eiseman
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Indications for the early use of tracheostomy include flail chest, severe lung contusion, injuries to the head and neck, mediastinal emphysema, and associated unconsciousness. Practical suggestions are made as to operative technique and subsequent nursing care. It is emphasized that tracheostomy has certain dangers. A combination of positive pressure mechanical respiration with tracheostomy has proved beneficial to patients with inadequate respiratory reserve after various types of chest injury. Such a combination of techniques commonly utilized by cardiac surgeons has proved life-saving to many patients after chest trauma. Physicians and medical centers assuming responsibility for care of chest injuries should have both the proper equipment and personnel trained in the use of mechanical respirators in combination with tracheostomy.
Excess mortality among children discharged from hospital after treatment for diarrhoea in rural Bangladesh.
Authors: E M Mankazana
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The fact that 4/5 of the total number of children in the study by Dr. S. K. Roy and others (15 October p. 1097) were under 2 years of age an age band which shows the highest mortality for the population would suggest that deductions made from this study could reasonably be applied to the general child population in Matlab Bangladesh.  I notice however that only 1/12 of those children aged less than 2 had severe malnutrition as compared with 1/4 of those aged 2 and older.  Also the observed deaths in those aged less than 2 were in fact 2/3 of expected deaths for the same age group in the normal population.  Could the smaller proportion of severely malnourished children in the under 2s account for the fact that the effect of severe malnutrition in the overall mortality has not shown up as convincingly as it has done in those aged 2 and over?  In the study by Chen et al the proportion of severely malnourished children in those under 2 was 1/4 of the total number of children in this age group and the effect of severe malnutrition was well shown.  Table 3 of Dr. Roys article shows a lower mortality in severely malnourished children compared with moderately malnourished children.  How would the authors explain this finding?  I concur that it would be wise to recognize the need to integrate antidiarrheal treatment with nutritional rehabilitation and home care follow up but even more important perhaps would be to compare those who had treatment and nutritional rehabilitation with those who had treatment but no follow up or nutritional rehabilitation.  My personal experience of working in mission hospitals in the rural areas was that scarce Health Service resources were deployed to follow up these children who had suffered from diarrheal illness with no attempt to ascertain whether such management made any difference in the overall mortality.  The ethical issue did not arise as a reasonable number used to refuse nutritional rehabilitation after recovery from the acute illness.  Those who refused rehabilitation could be compared with those who accepted nutritional rehabilitation.  (full text)
Decreasing trends in the incidence of heart failure after acute myocardial infarction from 1993–2004: a study of 175 216 patients with a first acute myocardial infarction in Sweden
Authors: Masoud Shafazand, Annika Rosengren, Georgios Lappas, Karl Swedberg, Maria Schaufelberger
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
Environmental genome project: focusing on differences to understand the whole.
Authors: Julie Wakefield
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

A s the Environmental Genome Project (EGP) marks its fifth anniversary in 2003, there is some cause for celebration.Although it is premature to expect the project to have any impact on public health and policy yet, the EGP's science and technology are advancing in step with its original goals of understanding the complex interrelationship between environmental exposure, genetic susceptibility, and human disease.The NIEHS began the EGP in late 1997.The EGP is a multicomponent project comprising extramural and intramural research in several key areas.In addition to enhancing understanding of human genetic susceptibility to environmental exposure-how individuals differ in susceptibility to environmental agents, and how such susceptibilities change over time-other topics of interest are dose response, identification of sensitive subpopulations, and selection of appropriate test systems for human responses.EGP research is also looking at selected genes in different individuals to learn the extent and location of variations in a single DNA pair, also called single nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs.SNP variations are thought to be central to why people respond differently to various drugs or environmental toxicants.The project's findings have the potential to revolutionize everything from assessing a chemical's safety, to predicting a subpopulation's adverse reactions to a new drug, to identifying earlier warning signs of much subtler effects."The EGP will open up a whole new vista of both public health and design of medicinemolecular-designed medicines that specifically target genes that have been modified because of SNPs," says James Selkirk, deputy director of the National Center for Toxicogenomics.The center is a coordinated, multidisciplinary research program of the NIEHS that has conducted the intramural research phase of the EGP.Since its inception, the EGP has been closely tied conceptually and through the collection of sequencing data to the Human Genome Project, which was initiated in October 1990.The EGP heavily relies on sequencing data produced from the Human Genome Project and other related sequencing projects."[Genome mapping projects] that are going on right now are very important tools for us in environmental health," says William Farland, acting deputy assistant administrator for science in the Office of Research and Development at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)."The kinds of data that we are getting out of these studies will allow us to begin to identify working genes and gene products that might be at the heart of
Tenascin and aggrecan expression by articular chondrocytes is influenced by interleukin 1 : a possible explanation for the changes in matrix synthesis during osteoarthritis
Authors: D Pfander
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Objective:</b> To analyse the distribution patterns of tenascin and proteoglycans in normal and osteoarthritic cartilage, and to determine the effect of interleukin 1β (IL1β) on aggrecan and tenascin expression by human articular chondrocytes in vitro. <b>Methods:</b> Normal and osteoarthritic cartilage and bone samples were obtained during total knee replacements or necropsies. After fixation and decalcification, paraffin embedded specimens were sectioned perpendicular to the surface. Specimens were graded according to Mankin and subdivided into those with normal, and mild, moderate, and severe osteoarthritic lesions. Serial sections were immunostained for tenascin. Tenascin expression by healthy and osteoarthritic chondrocytes was quantified by real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Furthermore, in cell culture experiments, human articular chondrocytes were treated with 0.1 or 10 ng/ml IL1β. Real time PCR analyses of aggrecan and tenascin transcripts (normalised 18S rRNA) were conducted to determine the effect of IL1β on later mRNA levels. <b>Results:</b> Tenascin was immunodetected in normal and osteoarthritic cartilage. In osteoarthritic cartilage increased tenascin staining was found. Tenascin was found specifically in upper OA cartilage showing a strong reduction of proteoglycans. Greatly increased tenascin transcript levels were detected in osteoarthritic cartilage compared with healthy articular cartilage. IL1β treatment of articular chondrocytes in vitro significantly increased tenascin transcripts (~200% of control) and strongly reduced aggrecan mRNA levels (~42% of control). <b>Conclusions:</b> During progression of osteoarthritis the switch in matrix synthesis occurs mainly in upper osteoarthritic cartilage. Furthermore, changes in synthesis patterns of osteoarthritic chondrocytes may be significantly influenced by IL1β, probably diffusing from the joint cavity within the upper osteoarthritic cartilage.