tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Low-Dose Oral Contraceptives and Stroke
Authors: Julie E. Buring
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

For decades it has been known that oral contraceptive drugs are one of the most effective forms of birth control. Despite their clear and substantial benefits, concern has remained about the short-term and long-term risks associated with these agents. The latter include an increased risk of venous thromboembolism, myocardial infarction, and stroke, both ischemic and hemorrhagic. Since the amount of estrogen in oral-contraceptive preparations has been thought to be chiefly responsible for these risks, in recent years newer, low-estrogen oral contraceptives (containing less than 50 μg) have been developed and become widely used.Of the long-term risks, stroke is one . . .
Phase III Trial (MPACT) of Weekly Nab-Paclitaxel Plus Gemcitabine in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: Influence of Prognostic Factors on Survival
Authors: Josep Tabernero, Daniel Von Hoff, Malcolm Moore, Thomas Ervin, Francis Arena, E. Chiorean, Jeffrey Infante, Sunil Hingorani, Vinod Ganju, Colin Weekes, Werner Scheithauer, Ramesh Ramanathan, David Goldstein, Xinyu Wei, Alfredo Romano
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Colloid carcinoma of the minor duodenal papilla
Authors: H. Varnholt, R. Wait, J. Mueller, D. Desilets
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

A 43-year-old woman presented with intermittent epigastric pain and nausea. Her hemoglobin concentration was 10.3 g/dL. Abdominal imaging revealed a 4-cm cystic mass in the pancreatic head ([Figure 1]). ERCP showed an ulcerated polypoid mass at the minor duodenal papilla ([Figure 2]). Cannulation of the normal-appearing major papilla showed a dilated, 4-mm main pancreatic duct and a stricture of the main duct in the head of the gland ([Figure 3]). Cannulation through the mass showed contrast in the ectatic dorsal pancreatic duct, which confirmed involvement of the minor papilla by tumor. Pancreas divisum was not present. A pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure) revealed a polypoid gelatinous mass measuring 3 × 2 × 1.5 cm protruding from the minor papilla. Histologically the tumor showed mucin pools containing malignant epithelial cells ([Figure 4]). Resection margins and 15 peripancreatic lymph nodes were free of tumor. Despite an uncomplicated immediate postoperative course, CA 19 - 9 levels are rising 22 months later along with possible liver metastases.
Factors Influencing the Onset of Chronic Respiratory Disease
Authors: W. W. Holland, T. Hall, A. E. Bennett, A. Elliott
Journal: BMJ (1969)

To investigate the effect of different environmental and personal factors on ventilatory function 10,971 children resident and going to school in four areas of Kent were examined. Details of past respiratory illnesses were obtained by a questionary completed by the parents; the examination included measurement of height, weight, and peak expiratory flow.Area of residence, social class, family size, and a past history of pneumonia, bronchitis, or asthma were found to be associated with differing levels of peak expiratory flow. These four factors acted independently, and the effects were additive. It is suggested that environment in the early years of life can produce adverse changes which may exist throughout life and contribute to the development of chronic respiratory disease.
Increased Urinary Urobilinogen Following Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: JOHN M. EVANS, ORLYN H. WOOD, ELEANOR M. BREW
Journal: Circulation (1952)

A study was conducted of the serial urinary urobilinogen excretion in patients with acute myocardial infarction, using Watson's semiquantitative method. Increased excretion was observed in some 90 per cent of the subjects with infarcts confirmed by the electrocardiogram and in more than half of the subjects where the electrocardiogram was not conclusive. The degree and duration of increased urinary urobilinogen had no apparent bearing upon prognosis. It is postulated that the altered urobilinogen excretion is induced by hepatic effects of the stress reaction incident to acute myocardial infarction.
Traumatic Ventricular Aneurysm
Authors: J Jordan, R Dietz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Figure 1. A 65-year-old man presented with recurrent ventricular tachycardia. At cardiac catheterization a calcified structure (Panel A) was visible adjacent to the pigtail catheter. The structure was also visible on a chest film obtained 20 years earlier (Panel B). Coronary angiography of the left anterior descending coronary artery (Panel C) and electrocardiography (Panel D) were performed, and a defibrillator was implanted. The patient recalled having tossed a large “dud” shell into a fire 40 years earlier. The shell then exploded, striking him in the chest and knocking him down. Several months later an electrocardiogram showed abnormalities, and he was . . .
Coffee Consumption and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Donald B. Louria
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Letters17 August 2004Coffee Consumption and Type 2 Diabetes MellitusDonald B. Louria, MDDonald B. Louria, MDFrom University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey–New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07107-3000.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-141-4-200408170-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their article on coffee consumption and risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (1), Salazar-Martinez and colleagues did multivariate adjustment for many variables and included magnesium intake because their previous work suggested an inverse association between dietary magnesium and risk for diabetes. It is puzzling, therefore, that they did not adjust for nut intake. In 2002, the same group (2) using the same population of nurses reported that eating a portion of nuts 5 or more times per week reduced risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus by the same amount (about 30%) found in their more recent ...References1. Salazar-Martinez E, Willett WC, Ascherio A, Manson JE, Leitzmann MF, Stampfer MJ, et al . Coffee consumption and risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140:1-8. [PMID: 14706966] LinkGoogle Scholar2. van Dam RM, Feskens EJ. Coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lancet. 2002;360:1477-8. [PMID: 12433517] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Donald B. Louria, MDAffiliations: From University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey–New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07107-3000. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoCoffee Consumption and Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Eduardo Salazar-Martinez , Walter C. Willett , Alberto Ascherio , JoAnn E. Manson , Michael F. Leitzmann , Meir J. Stampfer , and Frank B. Hu Coffee Consumption and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Benjamin Schaefer Coffee Consumption and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Federico Soriguer , Gemma Rojo-Martínez , and Isabel Esteva de Antonio Coffee Consumption and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus John H. Glaser and Sheila K. Glaser Coffee Consumption and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Donald A. Gerber Coffee Consumption and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Frank B. Hu , Walter C. Willett , and JoAnn E. Manson Metrics Cited byCoffee as a Functional Beverage 17 August 2004Volume 141, Issue 4Page: 321KeywordsCoffeeEatingMagnesiumRisk managementType 2 diabetes ePublished: 17 August 2004 Issue Published: 17 August 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Patient Registries, Predictive Models, and Optimal Care—Reply
Authors: Nancy A. Dreyer
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Surgeons' posture and kungfu.
Authors: Y. L. Yip
Journal: BMJ (1988)

New friendships have been struck and old ones reinstated.Supported and reinforced by each other, we have a growing confidence in our ability to bring about change, and a sense ofpurpose and fun in having a common goal to work for.It has taken a long time to capture the imagination of a community like ours and to overcome the feelings of scepticism, apathy, and despair, but at last people are starting to believe that an alternative future without the open cast mine is possible and worth fighting for.When the new year begins we will not know what the future holds.Like many other families, we will have to learn to cope with the stress of more uncertainty and perhaps even failure.But we also know now that some of the other issues that affect the health of our community, such as the design of the junction in the main road, the cramped doctors' surgery, and the leaking school roof are no longer daunting.And so by the time 1989 is over who knows what else may be on our agenda?Surgeons' posture and kungfu
MM-111: a novel bispecific antibody targeting ErbB3 with potent anti-tumor activity in ErbB2 over-expressing malignancies.
Authors: U Nielsen, A Huhalov, B Harms, V Paragas, S Adams, J Gu, S Nguyen, L Luus, S Oyama, M Razlog, R Overland, M Wallace, N Kohli, M Feldhaus, B Schoeberl, C McDonagh
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #4166 ErbB3 has been identified as a preferred dimerization partner of ErbB2, critical for driving the proliferation of ErbB2 over-expressing breast tumors. We have designed a bispecific antibody, MM-111, which inhibits ligand-induced phosphorylation of ErbB3 with sub-nanomolar potency by exploiting the abundant expression of its dimerization partner, ErbB2, for specific targeting to cancer cells that express both receptors. We employed computational physicochemical modeling to guide the kinetic optimization of the monovalent binding affinities to the ErbB2 and ErbB3 receptors to increase the potency and specificity of MM-111 for tumor cells. We have demonstrated that MM-111 inhibits activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway in vitro and in vivo, resulting in attenuation of tumor proliferation. Inhibition of growth by MM-111 has been observed in several murine xenograft models including BT474 and MDA-MB-361 breast tumors. While the antitumor activity of MM-111 is positively correlated with ErbB2 expression levels, MM-111's potent inhibition of ErbB3 phosphorylation and signaling downstream from this receptor differs markedly from currently available therapies targeting ErbB2 over-expressing breast tumors and thus provides a novel approach to treatment for these malignancies. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that the combination of computational biology with antibody engineering has resulted in the development of a promising, novel therapeutic, MM-111, that has potent antitumor activity in malignancies driven by the ErbB2/3 oncogenic unit. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4166.
Clinical Crossroads: Alcoholism and HIV Infection-Reply
Authors: Steven E. Hyman
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The letter by Drs Zenilman, Rompalo, and Jadack highlights several important issues that were discussed in our Clinical Crossroads article. Zenilman and colleagues raise the issue of a physician's "duty to warn" potential victims of future harm, a duty enshrined in the Tarasoff case.<sup>1</sup>The problem with respect to the patient under discussion is that to warn potential victims, the clinician must know their identities. In this case, we cannot predict who the patient's future sexual partners will be. Short of successful treatment, the clinician cannot protect or warn society at large, except by incarcerating the patient or perhaps forcing him to wear a warning label. Such measures have not been adopted by American society. Indeed, American society has, by and large, limited the paternalistic powers that physicians have. Only in limited circumstances, such as the mentally ill individual who poses an immediate risk to self or
THE AMERICAN MELTING POT: ITS MEANING TO US
Authors: J. M. RADZINSKI
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

A review of ethnic mingling among the peoples of Europe demonstrates that the process has been associated with cultural dislocations and decline. Eventually, after centuries of incubation and biologic fusion, new cultural patterns became established, often superior, but at times inferior to the ones they displaced. The immigration of many millions of people into the U. S. A., particularly during the past 80 years, has brought together here the greatest assortment of ethnic stocks in the world and probably in history. If the lessons of European experience have any meaning, such a conglomeration of racial and ethnic elements renders a serious cultural decline inevitable. Symptoms of the decline are already apparent in the deteriorating state of some aspects of our culture, in the irresoluteness and confusion of our national leaders and in the virulence of frank antisocial behavior among our people far in excess of that encountered in west European countries, Canada and Australia. In short, we must face the unpalatable truth that the present American society is sick. Much time will elapse, measurable in generations, before a biologic fusion among the White elements of our population is attained. Many more generations, measurable in centuries, will be required to effect a biologic integration with the non-White segments of our people, provided, of course, that the problem is not perpetuated by further infusions of large numbers of immigrants of any race. Biologic integration cannot be hastened by an executive fiat. If there is one practical lesson to be derived from the present status of the American melting pot, it is that we should be extremely circumspect in our immigration policies. A political or an economic crisis abroad is not an indication for the relaxation of our restrictions no matter how much we may sympathize with the victims. The U. S. A. can no longer afford to be the foster home for the unfortunates of the world. Biologically, there already are present here so many human types that further additions can hardly enhance the genetic end product. But such additions will tend to postpone indefinitely the salutary fusion necessary for a harmonious society. Today, in excessive homicide, treason, juvenile delinquency and other crimes with their tremendous cost in suffering and treasure, we are paying the price for our reckless generosity to peoples of other lands. Politicians, who for reasons of expediency and false humanitarianism press for the relaxation of our too liberal immigration laws, are, in effect, asking for the perpetuation of this high tide of confusion and lawlessness. Education and propaganda will not sever the ties between our new citizens and their people abroad. They will not extirpate the deep rooted prejudices, antagonisms and tensions carried over from their respective homelands and surviving for generations here under hyphenated dualisms. Only a long inbreeding period can give real substance to the now nebulous concept– American.
Protective immune response to hepatitis C virus in chimpanzees rechallenged following clearance of primary infection
Authors: Suzanne E. Bassett, Bernadette Guerra, Kathleen Brasky, Emil Miskovsky, Michael Houghton, Gary R. Klimpel, Robert E. Lanford
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections were evaluated in chimpanzees that had previously cleared HCV and were rechallenged. Animals that had previously cleared HCV infection rapidly cleared homologous and heterologous virus upon rechallenge, indicative of a strong protective immunity. In one animal, sterilizing immunity was observed with regard to viremia, although viral RNA was transiently detected in the liver. Accelerated viral clearance following rechallenge with HCV was observed in animals that had not been exposed to HCV for over 16 years, suggesting that long–lasting protective immunity may be possible. The ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to recognize HCV proteins was evaluated during the course of the rechallenge experiments. A very early and strong in vitro recall response to HCV nonstructural proteins appeared to be associated with viral clearance. In contrast, proliferative responses to HCV proteins were not observed in 4 persistently infected chimpanzees, and a weak proliferative response was observed in 1 of 2 animals during acute resolving infection. The results suggest that a strong T–cell proliferative response is induced upon rechallenge of chimpanzees with HCV and that this response is associated with rapid viral clearance. The antibody response to HCV proteins increased by over 1,000–fold in all animals following rechallenge as well. A more complete understanding of the role of the cellular immune response in the clearance of HCV and the nature of the protective immune response following viral clearance may aid in the generation of therapies and vaccines.
EFFECTS OF CD31 EXPRESSION ON CIRCULATING CD4 T CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH UNSTABLE ANGINA
Authors: Panagiotis Tourikis, Dimitris Tousoulis, Agapi Kataki, Nikolaos Papageorgiou, Christina Mpiri, Athanasios Trikas, Gerasimos Siasos, Stamatis Kioufis, Kostas Tentolouris, Christodoulos I Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Problems for NHS whistleblowers persist
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A “culture of fear” continues to pervade the process of raising concerns in the NHS, campaigners have warned, despite repeated calls for more openness to improve the care of patients.

NHS staff who raise concerns at work are bullied and badly managed, said Patients First, which campaigns for better rights for whistleblowers. Many whistleblowers are referred to professional bodies only to have their cases dismissed, but often after “years of distress, marginalisation, and expense,” it said. Patients First has submitted a dossier of 70 …
Patient information systems are not more expensive than leaflets
Authors: R. Jones
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—Graham et al, who compared a touch screen system with leaflets for providing women with information on prenatal tests,1 and Wyatt in his commentary2 may be too conservative in their conclusions. Graham et al mention the cost of developing the system and Wyatt says because there is limited evidence of benefit for these expensive tools over well designed leaflets they should be used only in the context of rigorous research studies. However, the study did not include an economic comparison of the use of the computer and leaflets. A full …
Research Ethics Boards: Error and Misconception
Authors: Angela Bowen
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Joal HillI read with interest the debate about for-profi t versus non-profi t institutional review boards (IRBs) [1], but was disappointed that no one addressed the ability (or inability) of for-profi t IRBs to review studies with the local context of research subjects in mind and then monitor what actually occurs during the consent process throughout the research trial.To my mind the "bigness" of for-profi t IRBs may be more of an impediment in protecting research subjects than their inherent confl ict of interest.Our IRB has reviewed consent forms approved by central/for-profi t IRBs that contained obvious errors such as schemas that did not match protocol narrative and use of eight point font in a study of geriatric subjects.Even when the initial review is outstanding, it seems a practical impossibility for a single IRB to provide meaningful monitoring of the actual consent process and implementation of the protocol at sites throughout the country.The greater "effi ciency" of for-profi t IRBs is only a meaningful benefi t if increased speed can be shown not to occur at the expense of careful review of consent forms, real understanding of the local research context, and a commitment to audit the informed consent process throughout the study for the protection of research subjects, including ongoing education and advice for researchers and their teams.This is not to say that all local IRBs perform this function as they should, but it does seem almost impossible for one IRB to perform local review and oversight for research sites around the nation in a way that really makes a difference for the men, women, and children who give of their time and their bodies so that society can benefi t.
291. In Vivo Characterization of Seneca Valley Virus (SVV-001), a Novel Oncolytic Picornavirus for Systemic Treatment of Patients with Solid Tumors with Neuroendocrine Features
Authors: Kevin D. Burroughs, Kristine Skele, Christian Sherk, Brian Jones, Ann-Jeanette Vasko, Laura Hales, Seshidhar R. Police, Paul L. Hallenbeck
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Seneca Valley Virus (SVV-001) is a novel native picornavirus being developed as a systemically deliverable oncolytic virus for treatment of human cancers with neuroendocrine features. In vitro, SVV-001 demonstrates selective oncolytic potency for adult and pediatric human cancer cells which express markers of neuroendocrine differentiation. In vivo, SVV-001 demonstrated efficacy in murine neuroendocrine tumor models following a single intravenous injection. In 4/4 human xenograft models and in a murine syngeneic neuroblastoma model (N1E-115), SVV-001 inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival. In H446 (small cell lung cancer) and Y79 (retinoblastoma) xenografts, eradication of >50% of tumors was observed with doses as low as 107 and 108 vp/kg, respectively. Tumor-selective replication of SVV-001 was also observed in the syngeneic N1E-115 tumor model. Injection of SVV-001 at 109 vp/kg yielded an infectious titer of SVV-001 in tumors greater than 109 TCID50/mg at 24 hr, 6|[ndash]|8 logs higher than levels observed in normal tissues. Virus was cleared from serum by day 4 and from all normal tissues between 7 and 14 days, whereas SVV-001 persisted in tumors through day 14. In toxicological studies, SVV-001 was well tolerated in mice and pigs. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed in a 12- week study in mice at doses up to 1014 vp/kg, a million-fold higher dose than necessary to eradicate 10/10 H446 and 5/8 Y79 tumors. These data substantiate the ongoing development of SVV-001 as a systemically deliverable oncolytic virus for treatment of human cancers.