tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1088: Characterizing the effects of alcohol on the ER-alpha status of HER2 breast cancer
Authors: Amy W. Wong, Sarah M. Smith, Nomeli P. Nunez
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Alcohol consumption is a major risk factor for breast cancer. Approximately 400,000 cases of cancer in 2002 were attributable to alcohol consumption worldwide. In women, breast cancer accounts for 60% of these alcohol-related cancers. Over 25% of all breast cancer cases are HER2 (ErbB2) positive and have poor prognosis. Unfortunately, the mechanism by which alcohol promotes breast cancer is unclear. Our research focuses on characterizing the effects of alcohol on HER2 positive breast cancer. More specifically, we determine if and how alcohol affects the ER-alpha status of ErbB2-expressing tumors in the presence and absence of ovarian hormones using the MMTV-neu mouse model of ErbB2-induced breast cancer. We show alcohol consumption increases tumor incidence as well as tumor proliferation as demonstrated by Ki67 immunohistochemical staining. We measure systemic estrogen levels and ER-alpha expression in the mammary tumors developed from alcohol and water consuming mice to determine if their levels are associated with the higher tumor incidence in alcohol consuming mice. We show that both systemic estrogen and ER-alpha expression levels are elevated in alcohol consuming mice. Our data suggest that alcohol increases tumor development in HER2 transgenic mice via the estrogen pathway. In fact, the effects of alcohol on tumor incidence were blocked with ovariectomy, suggesting that indeed the effects of alcohol on HER2 tumors are mediated via the estrogen pathway. Our results suggest that the effects of alcohol on HER2 positive breast cancers can be prevented by targeting or blocking the estrogen pathway. For this purpose, we will determine in future studies if the effects of alcohol can be prevented with tamoxifen, a selective ER modulator (SERM), and letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, both of which blocks the estrogen pathway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1088. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1088
A digital display revolution counter.
Authors: D. A. Brodie, R. S. Bhogal, E. Mitchell
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1981)

The pulse is fed to pin 14 of the 7490 IC decade *LED is Light Emitting Diode.counter.The display is driven by a 7447 IC BCD-to-* IC BCD is Integrated Circuit Binary Coded Decimal seven-segment decoder-driver.
Book Review Textbook of Geriatric Neuropsychiatry Edited by C. Edward Coffey and Jeffrey L. Cummings, with Mark R. Lovell and Godfrey D. Pearlson. 720 pp., illustrated. Washington, D.C., American Psychiatric Press, 1994. $94.50. 0-88048-391-1
Authors: Carl Salzman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)
Poor monitoring and processes are responsible for errors in one in 20 GP prescriptions
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2012)

One in 20 prescriptions written by GPs in England contains an error, and one in 550 contains a serious error, a large study has found.

The prevalence and causes of prescribing errors in general practice study, commissioned by the General Medical Council, shows that it is not doctors’ knowledge about drugs that is responsible for most errors but human factors and process issues. Errors chiefly occur because of problems in the process of prescribing and failure to monitor and review patients adequately.

Pharmacists reviewed 6048 prescriptions written for 1777 patients by GPs at 15 general practices in England for errors. Most of the 247 prescribing errors and 55 monitoring errors identified were not serious: 42% were minor, 54% moderate, and 4% severe. The most serious related to failure to adequately monitor warfarin or to prescribe a drug to a patient with a documented allergy to it—the two cases of allergy that occurred involved penicillin and …
Adoptive transfer of experimental hypersensitivity pneumonitis in the LEW rat.
Authors: H B Richerson, J D Coon, D Lubaroff
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The pathogenesis of immune-mediated pulmonary inflammation following inhalation of antigen in sensitized subjects may involve specific cellular or humoral mechanisms, or both. We used adoptive transfer to document cellular mechanisms in an established LEW rat model of acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis. The optimal protocol utilized sensitized spleen cells cultured for 72 h in the presence of antigen and concanavalin A before intraperitoneal injection of 20 x 10(6) cultured cells into sublethally irradiated recipients. Experimental and control rats were subjected 7 d later to twice daily aerosol challenge for 1 or 3 d and examined 12 h after the last challenge. Histopathology was evaluated in one lung, and the other was lavaged and cells evaluated by flow cytometry for T cell phenotypes (CD4, CD8, and RT6, CD45R subsets). Histopathology and cell numbers for most phenotypes were increased in experimental over controls, but proportions were unchanged. Similar results were obtained in animals evaluated at both 24 and 72 h after initial challenge. Results indicate cellular participation in an established LEW rat model of HP. Significant increases in numbers of T cell phenotypes suggest an important role in pathogenesis, but no single phenotype could be incriminated by disproportionate numbers.
Brimonidine 0.2% versus apraclonidine 0.5% for prevention of intraocular pressure elevations after anterior segment laser surgery11None of the authors have any commercial interests in brimonidine or apraclonidine.
Authors: Teresa C Chen, Robert T Ang, Cynthia L Grosskreutz, Louis R Pasquale, Joseph T Fan
Journal: Ophthalmology (2001)
European Curriculum for Sedation Training in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Position Statement of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and European Society of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Nurses and Associates (ESGENA)
Authors: J.-M. Dumonceau, A. Riphaus, U. Beilenhoff, P. Vilmann, P. Hornslet, J. Aparicio, M. Dinis-Ribeiro, E. Giostra, M. Ortmann, J. Knape, S. Ladas, G. Paspatis, C. Ponsioen, I. Racz, T. Wehrmann, B. Walder
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

See also: Currículum Europeo de Entrenamiento en Sedación para Endoscopia Gastrointestinal: Declaración de Postura Oficial de la Sociedad Europea de Endoscopia Gastrointestinal (ESGE) y la Sociedad Europea de Enfermeras en Gastroenterología y Endoscopia y Asociados (ESGENA)Endoscopy 2013; 45(06): t496-t504DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1391224
Mechanism of remote myocardial ischaemia after coronary occlusion in open chest dogs
Authors: J. A GASCHO, T. L FLANAGAN, C F. JENNINGS, G. A BELLER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1988)

To determine whether or not the fall in coronary perfusion pressure after coronary occlusion is the cause of remote myocardial ischaemia, regional myocardial blood flow was measured using radiolabelled microspheres before and after left anterior descending (LAD) occlusion in the presence of a left circumflex artery stenosis in 22 anaesthetised dogs. Aortic pressure was maintained constant at the time of left anterior descending artery occlusion in 13 dogs (group 1) and proximal left circumflex artery pressure was held constant by a servocontrolled pump in nine dogs with a carotid artery-left circumflex artery shunt (group 2). Despite the maintenance of constant mean aortic pressure in group 1, remote posterior bed mean(SEM) endocardial flow fell from 0.69(0.05) to 0.43(0.07) ml.min-1.g-1 (p less than 0.05). In the dogs in which left atrial pressure rose to less than or equal to 9 mmHg after left anterior descending artery occlusion, remote bed endocardial flow did not fall significantly (0.66(0.07) to 0.56(0.11) ml.min-1.g-1; NS). In contrast, remote bed endocardial flow fell from 0.73(0.07) to 0.28(0.06) ml.min-1.g-1 (p less than 0.0001) after left anterior descending artery occlusion in the dogs in which left atrial pressure rose to greater than 9 mmHg. The fall in remote bed endocardial flow was prevented in group 2 dogs by maintaining proximal left circumflex artery pressure constant (0.95(0.08) to 0.86(0.09) ml.min-1.g-1; NS). An important mechanism for the development of remote myocardial ischaemia appears to be the fall in proximal coronary perfusion pressure at the time of coronary occlusion.
Haemoglobin and red cell enzyme changes in juvenile myeloid leukaemia.
Authors: D. J. Weatherall, J. A. Edwards, W. T. Donohoe
Journal: BMJ (1968)

The switchover from foetal to adult haemoglobin synthesis, which is normaly complete by the end of the first year of life, is accompanied by marked changes in the red cell enzyme pattern. In particular, the level of carbonic anhydrase, which is very low in cord blood, rapidly increases during the first year of life to become the most abundant of the red cell non haemoglobin proteins. There have been occasional reports of the presence of increased levels of foetal haemoglobin in the red cells of patients with leukaemia (Beaven et al., 1960; Shuster et al., 1960; Hardisty et at., 1964; Weatherall and Walker, 1965). While a slight rise of foetal haemoglobin is not uncommon in a variety of leukaemias, very high levels have been noted only in patients with erythroleukaemia (Beaven et al., 1960) and in children with juvenile myeloid leukaemia (Hardisty et al., 1964). The occurrence of associated changes in red cell enzyme levels has not been noted. This report describes the changes in haemoglobin and red cell enzyme patterns over a 12-month period in a child with the clinical features of juvenile myeloid leukaemia and similar studies on 27 children with other types of leukaemia. These studies shed further light on the pathogenesis of juvenile chronic myeloid leukaemia.
The Value of the UroVysion® Assay for Surveillance of Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Sigurdur Gudjónsson, Björn L. Isfoss, Kerstin Hansson, Anna-Maria Domanski, Janina Warenholt, Wolfgang Soller, Lena-Maria Lundberg, Fredrik Liedberg, Magnus Grabe, Wiking Månsson
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Sentinel Node Imaging of Laryngeal Cancer Using a Portable Gamma Camera With CdTe Semiconductor Detectors
Authors: Chikako Tanaka, Hirofumi Fujii, Akihiro Shiotani, Yuko Kitagawa, Kayoko Nakamura, Atsushi Kubo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

A 59-year-old man with laryngeal cancer was scheduled to receive sentinel lymph node (SLN) navigation surgery. Radioactive colloids were endoscopically injected around the tumor. Three hours after injection, preoperative lymphoscintigraphy was performed using a new portable CdTe semiconductor camera as well as a conventional gamma camera. The semiconductor camera successfully identified an SLN neighboring the primary tumor over an acquisition time of only 30 seconds, whereas the conventional camera could not clearly visualize the SLN over the same acquisition time. This semiconductor camera also imaged the SLN in the operating room, 19 hours after the injection.
Viruses in Lymph Nodes of Children with Mesenteric Adenitis and Intussusception
Authors: T. M. Bell, J. H. Steyn
Journal: BMJ (1962)

REFERENCES Duncan, I. B. R., and Hutchinson, J. G. P. (1961). Lancet, 1, 530. Fulton, F., and Dumbell, K. R. (1949). /. gen. Microbio!., 3, 97. Gardner, P. S. (1961). Brit. med. J., 2, 495. McGregor, C. B., and Dick, K. (1960). Ibid., 1, 91. Wright, A. E., and Hale, J. H. (1961). Ibid., 2, 424. Hale, J. H., Lee, L. H., and Gardner, P. S. (1961). Ibid., 2, 728. Kendall, E. J. C, Riddle, R. W., Tuck, H. A., Rodan, K. S., Andrews, B. E., and McDonald, J. C. (1957). Ibid., 2, 131. Kjell?n, L., Sterner, G., and Svedmyr, A. (1957a). Acta paediat. (Uppsala), 46, 164. -Zetterberg, B., and Svedmyr, A. (1957b). Ibid., 46, 561. Knox, E. G., Court, S. D. M., and Gardner, P. S. (1962). Brit. med. J., 2, 692. Munro-Ashman, D., Gardner, P. S., Taylor, C. E. D., and McDonald, J. C. (1958). Lancet, 2, 121. Ramos-Alvarez, M., and Sabin, A. B. (1958). J. Amer. med. Ass., 167, 147. Ross, J. G., and Potter, C. W. (1961). Lancet, 1, 81. Sommerville, R. G. (1958). Ibid., 2, 1347.
Six-Year Follow-Up of Impact of Co-proxamol Withdrawal in England and Wales on Prescribing and Deaths: Time-Series Study
Authors: Keith Hawton, Helen Bergen, Sue Simkin, Claudia Wells, Navneet Kapur, David Gunnell
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

A time-series study conducted by Keith Hawton and colleagues reports on the links between withdrawal of the analgesic co-proxamol and subsequent prescribing and deaths associated with analgesic poisoning.
Dehydration, Delirium, and Disability in Elderly Patients
Authors: Carlos A. Reyes-Ortiz
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Dr Ferrucci and colleagues<sup>'</sup>on catastrophic and progressive disability helps physicians to understand the disability process in older persons. However, dehydration and cognitive impairment need more emphasis. First, Ferrucci et al found that dehydration was an important diagnosis in the disability subsets. Dehydration was 1 of the 6 most frequent discharge diagnoses among both men and women who developed progressive disability, and its cumulative percentage was similar to that of pneumonia and diabetes.<sup>1</sup>In fact, approximately 1.5% of community-dwelling elderly will be hospitalized with dehydration annually.<sup>2</sup>Drugs, diseases, and psychosocial factors that cause decreased fluid intake or increased fluid loss in older patients can predispose them to dehydration.<sup>3</sup>Consequently, dehydration is both effect and cause with respect to disability. For instance, dehydration may contribute to disability by weakness due to electrolyte imbalance. In 1991, Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized with dehydration were identified
Abstract 342: A hepatocyte growth factor antagonist engineered by disruption of heparan sulfate binding
Authors: Fabiola Cecchi, Deborah Pajalunga, Daniel C. Rabe, Benedetta Peruzzi, Andrew C. Fowler, Davida K. Blackman, Nicholas MacDonald, Stephen J. Stahl, Andrew R. Byrd, Donald P. Bottaro
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) stimulates cell proliferation, motility, and morphogenesis upon binding to the receptor tyrosine kinase Met and cell surface heparan sulfate (HS) glycans. NK1 is a truncated HGF isoform consisting of the N-terminal (N) and first kringle (K1) domains of full-length HGF that stimulates all major HGF biological activities. Within NK1, the N domain contains the HS binding site, while K1 contains the primary determinants of Met binding. To further define the role of HS in ligand-receptor interaction and biological signaling, we identified the primary HS binding residues in N domain (K60, K62, R73) and generated opposite charge mutations at these positions in NK1. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of recombinantly expressed mutant and wild type (WT) proteins revealed that both were folded normally. Mutant proteins displayed diminished binding to immobilized HS relative to WT, and the triple mutant protein (3M) also lacked intrinsic motogenic and mitogenic activity. Interestingly, 3M NK1 maintained Met binding and competitively inhibited DNA synthesis stimulated by WT NK1 as well as full-length HGF in normal cells. Expression plasmids encoding 3M and WT NK1 proteins were transfected into the glioblastoma cell U87 MG, which is dependent on HGF/Met autocrine signaling for tumorigenicity in mice. 3M/U87 MG cells displayed a substantially lower rate of growth relative to WT/U87 MG or the parental cell line, suggestive of growth antagonism by 3M NK1. As anticipated, expression of WT NK1 significantly accelerated the growth of U87 MG tumor xenografts in mice, which reached maximal volume (1 ml) by 22 days post-implantation, compared to 45 days required by the parental cell line. In contrast, tumor growth in animals injected with 3M/U87 MG was dramatically impaired: at 60 days post implantation, average tumor volume for this group was &amp;lt; 0.3 ml. Because both WT and 3M transfectants expressed equal amounts of their respective recombinant proteins, the HS binding site mutations delayed measurable tumor growth from one week to two months. Thus HS binding is critical for HGF-driven mitogenesis and tumor growth. We now show that HGF signaling requires specific HS binding interactions and that targeted disruption of these HS binding sites in HGF yields a potent and selective competitive inhibitor of normal and oncogenic HGF signaling. Our findings further define the role of HS in growth factor signaling and reveal a novel strategy for antagonist development which may be applicable to other HS-binding growth factors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 342.
The clinical task.
Authors: J. Sheppard
Journal: BMJ (1992)

This is the second ofa series of In most practices the practice nurse is now an estabarticles focusing on the current lished member of the primary health care team, but tasks andfunctions ofthe this is a relatively new phenomenon.Any attempt to Tasks pr cluded in the developing role of pnmary health care team establish when practice nursing began is fraught with the practice nurse difficulty as there is an inevitable discrepancy between * Promotion of self care the official information and the experience of those * Follow up care after minor surgery in the practice who have worked in general practice without an official * Performing immunisations title or recognition.It is well known that the general .Giving vaccinations for foreign travel and advice on practitioner's wife who had nursing qualifications was health care abroad called on to use her bandaging and other nursing skills Care of patients with chronic disease in the in between acting as receptionist, nanny, and chief community cook and bottle washer to her overworked husband; and it may reasonably be supposed that the nursing * Performing venepuncture duties were a forerunner to practice nursing as it is * Syringingears today.* Taking cervical smears * The possibility of prescribing by nurses in the future Development of practice nursing * Audit and self assessment
Comparison of Sequential Three-Drug Regimens as Initial Therapy for HIV-1 Infection
Authors: Gregory K. Robbins, Victor De Gruttola, Robert W. Shafer, Laura M. Smeaton, Sally W. Snyder, Carla Pettinelli, Michael P. Dubé, Margaret A. Fischl, Richard B. Pollard, Robert Delapenha, Linda Gedeon, Charles van der Horst, Robert L. Murphy, Mark I. Becker, Richard T. D'Aquila, Stefano Vella, Thomas C. Merigan, Martin S. Hirsch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The optimal sequencing of antiretroviral regimens for the treatment of infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is unknown. We compared several different antiretroviral treatment strategies.This multicenter, randomized, partially double-blind trial used a factorial design to compare pairs of sequential three-drug regimens, starting with a regimen including zidovudine and lamivudine or a regimen including didanosine and stavudine in combination with either nelfinavir or efavirenz. The primary end point was the length of time to the failure of the second three-drug regimen.A total of 620 subjects who had not previously received antiretroviral therapy were followed for a median of 2.3 years. Starting with a three-drug regimen containing efavirenz combined with zidovudine and lamivudine (but not efavirenz combined with didanosine and stavudine) appeared to delay the failure of the second regimen, as compared with starting with a regimen containing nelfinavir (hazard ratio for failure of the second regimen, 0.71; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.48 to 1.06), as well as to delay the second virologic failure (hazard ratio, 0.56; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.29 to 1.09), and significantly delayed the failure of the first regimen (hazard ratio, 0.39) and the first virologic failure (hazard ratio, 0.34). Starting with zidovudine and lamivudine combined with efavirenz (but not zidovudine and lamivudine combined with nelfinavir) appeared to delay the failure of the second regimen, as compared with starting with didanosine and stavudine (hazard ratio, 0.68), and significantly delayed both the first and the second virologic failures (hazard ratio for the first virologic failure, 0.39; hazard ratio for the second virologic failure, 0.47), as well as the failure of the first regimen (hazard ratio, 0.35). The initial use of zidovudine, lamivudine, and efavirenz resulted in a shorter time to viral suppression.The efficacy of antiretroviral drugs depends on how they are combined. The combination of zidovudine, lamivudine, and efavirenz is superior to the other antiretroviral regimens used as initial therapy in this study.
Serum zinc and retinol-binding protein in acne
Authors: GERD MICHAELSSON, ANDERS VAHLQUIST, LENNART JUHLIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

The serum levels of zinc and retinol-binding protein (RBP) have been determined in 173 patients with acne and compared with those of a control group. The RBP is a specific transport protein and its level in plasma reflects the amount of vitamin A available to the tissues. Patients with severe acne were found to have lower levels of RBP than either patients with mild acne or healthy subjects ofthe same age. In the case of males with severe acne, the mean serum zinc level was significantly lower than that of the control group. No such difference was observed for girls. The observed condition of low levels of zinc and vitamin A in the serum of patients with severe acne may provide a rationale for the clinically good effect of oral zinc treatment.
CD56-negative blastic natural killer-cell lymphoma (agranular CD4+/CD56+ haematodermic neoplasm)?
Authors: K. Kawai
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article CD56‐negative blastic natural killer‐cell lymphoma (agranular CD4+/CD56+ haematodermic neoplasm)? Get access K. Kawai K. Kawai Division of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1–757 Asahimachi‐dori, Niigata 951‐8510, Japan E‐mail: kawai@med.niigata‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 152, Issue 2, 1 February 2005, Pages 369–370, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06296.x Published: 01 February 2005