tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of Leucine-Rich Repeat-Containing G Protein-Coupled Receptor 5 (LGR5) Represents a Typical Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway-Activated Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Kathryn Effendi, Ken Yamazaki, Mariko Fukuma, Michiie Sakamoto
Journal: Liver Cancer (2014)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and most frequently lethal cancers worldwide. Although many advances have been made in the analysis of multistage hepatocarcinogenesis, we still lack information to guide adequate clinical management options for HCC. A large number of genetic alterations occur during hepatocarcinogenesis, and many genetic studies have indicated that one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes found in HCC is &lt;i&gt;β-catenin&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Summary: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;Molecular subclassification of HCC based on gene expression signatures has identified a typical hepatocyte-like subclass of HCC harboring &lt;i&gt;β-catenin&lt;/i&gt; mutations; this subclass is characterized by better histological differentiation and a less aggressive nature. We previously identified overexpression of the leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), also known as &lt;i&gt;GPR49&lt;/i&gt;, in HCC with &lt;i&gt;β-catenin&lt;/i&gt; mutations. &lt;i&gt;LGR5&lt;/i&gt; has been indicated as one of the downstream target genes of the Wnt signaling pathway; however, the functional role of LGR5 in cancer is largely unknown. We demonstrated that HCC cells transfected with LGR5 exhibited higher colony forming activity and were more resistant to a cytotoxic drug than the control HCC cells were. Overexpression of LGR5 also retarded cell migration. LGR5-transfected HCC cells formed nodule-type tumors in the livers of immunodeficient mice, whereas control cells formed more invasive tumors. Results of our recent research suggest that aberrant expression of LGR5 could regulate the epithelial cell phenotype and promotes HCC cell survival. HCC cells overexpressing LGR5 seem to represent a typical phenotype of a less aggressive HCC. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Key messages: &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;Recent efforts on the molecular classification of HCC have led us to new strategies for dealing with HCC. These specific signatures may predict the risk of recurrence or the patient survival rate, which affect the outlook and may suggest treatment strategies for HCC patients.
The Hazards of Immunization
Authors: Roy Rosenthal
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The author, who in great measure wrote the classic volumes on the Principles of Bacteriology and Immunity (Topley and Wilson), was until recently the director of Public Health Laboratory Service. Thus, his vast knowledge and keen mind makes him highly qualified to publish the first book devoted to the accidents and complications of immunization and serum therapy. He regards as fundamental, the principle that any doctor applying a remedy to a patient should be conversant as far as possible with its ill effects as well as its good effects.  Considered methodically and in separate chapters are the following hazards in vaccine or antisera production: normal toxicity, faulty production (foreign toxin present, use of wrong culture, and bacterial or viral contamination), faulty administration (due to the use of nonsterile apparatus), contamination from the operator, and so forth. Allergic manifestations—varying from local reactions to serum sickness—anaphylaxis, neuroparalysis, and encephalomyelitis are considered. The
Nocturnal Rostral Fluid Shift
Authors: Dai Yumino, Stefania Redolfi, Pimon Ruttanaumpawan, Mao-Chang Su, Stephanie Smith, Gary E. Newton, Susanna Mak, T. Douglas Bradley
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and central sleep apnea are common in patients with heart failure. We hypothesized that in such patients, severity of OSA is related to overnight rostral leg fluid displacement and increase in neck circumference, severity of central sleep apnea is related to overnight rostral fluid displacement and to sleep P co 2 , and continuous positive airway pressure alleviates OSA in association with prevention of fluid accumulation in the neck. Methods and Results— In 57 patients with heart failure (ejection fraction ≤45%), we measured change in leg fluid volume and neck circumference before and after polysomnography, and we measured transcutaneous P co 2 during polysomnography. Patients were divided into an obstructive-dominant group (≥50% of apneas and hypopneas obstructive) and a central-dominant group (&gt;50% of events central). Patients with OSA received continuous positive airway pressure. In obstructive-dominant patients, there were inverse relationships between overnight change in leg fluid volume and both the overnight change in neck circumference ( r =−0.780, P &lt;0.001) and the apnea-hypopnea index ( r =−0.881, P &lt;0.001) but not transcutaneous P co 2 . In central-dominant patients, the overnight reduction in leg fluid volume correlated inversely with the apnea-hypopnea index ( r =−0.919, P &lt;0.001) and the overnight change in neck circumference ( r =−0.568, P =0.013) and directly with transcutaneous P co 2 ( r =0.569, P =0.009). Continuous positive airway pressure alleviated OSA in association with prevention of the overnight increase in neck circumference ( P &lt;0.001). Conclusions— Our findings suggest that nocturnal rostral fluid shift is a unifying concept contributing to the pathogenesis of both OSA and central sleep apnea in patients with heart failure.
Anti–HIV-1 Antibodies
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Two antibodies that neutralize HIV-1 have been isolated from human breast milk, a finding that helps explain why only 1 in 10 mothers infected with HIV-1 pass on the virus to their breastfeeding infants (Friedman J et al. PLoS One. 2012;7[5]:e37648).
Value of positive myocardial infarction imaging in coronary care units.
Authors: S P Joseph, A V Pereira-Prestes, P J Ell, R Donaldson, W Somerville, R W Emanuel
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Positive myocardial imaging was undertaken on 120 unselected patients admitted to a coronary care unit with clinical suspicion of acute myocardial infarction. Multipurpose mobile gamma-cameras were used for serial imaging after administration of 99mtechnetium-labelled imidodiphosphonate, a low-cost radiopharmaceutical that is 97% specific for myocardial necrosis, with myocardial uptake and blood clearance most suitable for myocardial imaging. The sensitivty of detection was 94% for patients whose infarction was unequivocal on the ECG; when the presence of raised enzyme concentrations was also used as a criterion for myocardial necrosis, the overall sensitivity for all 120 patients remained 94%. In 73 patients (61%), whose ECGs were unhelpful or difficult to interpret, scintigraphy allowed infarction to be diagnosed in 11 (15%) and to be excluded in five (7%). In 32 (44%) of this group whose ECGs were totally uninterpretable due to previous myocardial damage or disorders of electrical activation, scintigraphy provided confirmation of a diagnosis that otherwise rested only on whether enzyme concentrations were raised. Myocardial imaging is thus a useful technique that permits more definite diagnosis in patients for whom ECG and enzyme data are uncertain.
Significance of the Extensor Plantar Response in Surgery of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: A. G. L. Corkill, A. H. Chignell
Journal: BMJ (1965)

The administration of chloroquine to patients with symptomatic porphyria causes a transient reaction in which pyrexia and malaise are accompanied by a marked increase in urine porphyrin excretion.The excretion of porphyrin precursors, 8-aminolaevulinic acid and porphobilinogen increases only slightly.This reaction is associated with clinical and biochemical evidence of liver damage, in particular, a rise in serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity.It is thought that the porphyrin excreted in the urine is released from the liver.After the reaction patients are not affected by further administration of chloroquine; it is not known for how long this refractory state persists.The reaction resembles in some ways the primaquine-induced haemolysis of red cells deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.Patients with symptomatic porphyria have improved clinically after chloroquine therapy, but this is attributed to other factors; evidence of hepatic dysfunction argues against the use of chloroquine in this condition.We are indebted to Dr. C. J. Uys, of the department of histopathology, University of Capetown, for examining the liver biopsies, and to the department of chemical pathology for routine chemicopathological data.The assistance of Mrs. M. J. Levey in the estimation of quantitative porphyrins in urine and faeces is gratefully acknowledged.
Propoxyphene Hydrochloride
Authors: Russell R. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1970)

A review of the published literature on propoxyphene hydrochloride was undertaken to determine if the wide popularity of the drug is justified. Only double-blind studies were reviewed; 20 were identified in a bibliography of 243 articles. In the course of the review, deficiencies in the design, conduct, and reporting of the clinical studies were noted. The addiction liability of propoxyphene is low but several reports have demonstrated its abuse potential. The reviewed studies show that propoxyphene is not superior to codeine or aspirin in terms of analgesic effect. No definite statement as to relative incidence of side effects can be made. It appears that factors other than intrinsic therapeutic value are responsible for the commercial success of propoxyphene.
Differentiation Between Residual Cancer and Thymic Hyperplasia in Malignant Non-Hodgkin??s Lymphoma With Somatostatin Receptor Scintigraphy
Authors: LUKAS RETTENBACHER, G??NTHER GALVAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

In patients with treated malignant lymphoma, Ga-67 uptake in the mediastinum is seen only in viable lymphoma, but not in fibrotic or necrotic tissue. However, in children increased Ga-67 uptake in the mediastinum may be observed because of thymic hyperplasia. Somatostatin- receptor-scintigraphy is also a sensitive method in detection of malignant lymphoma. The authors present findings that suggest somatostatin receptor scintigraphy may clarify false-positive Ga-67 imaging.
Cardiac ventricular aneurysm
Authors: H. R. S. Harley
Journal: Thorax (1969)

A case of successful excision of a ventricular aneurysm due to myocardial infarction is presented. The aetiology, incidence, pathogenesis, pathology, clinical features, and diagnosis of the condition are discussed. An account is given of the haemodynamic upset caused by aneurysms of the ventricle. The prognosis of untreated aneurysms is discussed. Although there is difference of opinion, it is concluded that a ventricular aneurysm adversely affects the prognosis after myocardial infarction. The indications for, and the mortality and results of, resection of ventricular aneurysms are discussed. The conclusion is drawn that persistent cardiac failure and angina can be relieved and the risk of systemic embolism reduced by the excision of expansile ventricular aneurysms of a fibrous nature. It is possible that excision may also reduce the incidence of subsequent acute myocardial infarction.
Weight loss and nausea in a patient taking digoxin
Authors: M.-F. Kong, R. Kela, R. Gregory
Journal: BMJ (2011)

In August 2007, a 76 year old white woman was referred because of a two week history of worsening lethargy with loss of appetite and nausea. She had ischaemic heart disease and hypertension and had had a pacemaker inserted in February 2007 for atrial fibrillation with sinus pauses. She had lost 9.3 kg in the past 10 months. When she visited her family doctor two days before hospital admission her symptoms were initially thought to be caused by digoxin toxicity (digoxin concentration 5 nmol/L, therapeutic range 0.9-2.6), so her digoxin dose had been reduced, but a random blood glucose measurement was raised at 29.3 mmol/L (reference range 3.3-6.0) and she was referred to hospital. She had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in February 2006 on an oral glucose tolerance test (0 min blood glucose 5.1 mmol/L, 2 hour value 12.3 mmol/L) and had been controlled using diet alone. Her glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) value had been 6.4% (4.0-6.1%; 46 mmol/mol, 20-43) in February 2007.

She was thin, weighing 45 kg, with a body mass index of 17. Her breath smelled “fruity.” Her blood pressure was 148/89 mm Hg. Urinalysis showed 3+ glucose and 3+ ketones. Arterial pH was 7.241 (7.35-7.45), bicarbonate 12 mmol/L (22-29), sodium 129 mmol/L (133-146), potassium 4.9 mmol/L (3.5-5.3), urea 29.3 mmol/L (2.5-7.8), creatinine 213 µmol/L (60-120), and blood glucose 59.3 mmol/L (3.3-6.0). Haemoglobin was 145 g/L (115-165), white cell count was 12.1×109/L (4.0-11.0), and platelets were 251×109/L (140-400).



### 1 What is the diagnosis?

#### Short answer

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

#### Long answer

DKA consists of the biochemical triad of ketonaemia (≥3 mmol/L) or severe ketonuria (more than 2+ on standard urine sticks), hyperglycaemia (blood glucose >11 …
Tauroursodeoxycholic acid protects rat hepatocytes from bile acid-induced apoptosis via activation of survival pathways†
Authors: Marieke H. Schoemaker, Laura Conde de la Rosa, Manon Buist-Homan, Titia E. Vrenken, Rick Havinga, Klaas Poelstra, Hidde J. Haisma, Peter L. M. Jansen, Han Moshage
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is used in the treatment of cholestatic liver diseases, but its mechanism of action is not yet well defined. The aim of this study was to explore the protective mechanisms of the taurine-conjugate of UDCA (tauroursodeoxycholic acid [TUDCA]) against glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA)-induced apoptosis in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Hepatocytes were exposed to GCDCA, TUDCA, the glyco-conjugate of UDCA (GUDCA), and TCDCA. The phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase pathway (PI3K) and nuclear factor-kappaB were inhibited using LY 294002 and adenoviral overexpression of dominant-negative IkappaB, respectively. The role of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways were investigated using the inhibitors SB 203580 and U0 126 and Western blot analysis. Transcription was blocked by actinomycin-D. Apoptosis was determined by measuring caspase-3, -9, and -8 activity using fluorimetric enzyme detection, Western blot analysis, immunocytochemistry, and nuclear morphological analysis. Our results demonstrated that uptake of GCDCA is needed for apoptosis induction. TUDCA, but not TCDCA and GUDCA, rapidly inhibited, but did not delay, apoptosis at all time points tested. However, the protective effect of TUDCA was independent of its inhibition of caspase-8. Up to 6 hours of preincubation with TUDCA before addition of GCDCA clearly decreased GCDCA-induced apoptosis. At up to 1.5 hours after exposure with GCDCA, the addition of TUDCA was still protective. This protection was dependent on activation of p38, ERK MAPK, and PI3K pathways, but independent of competition on the cell membrane, NF-kappaB activation, and transcription. In conclusion, TUDCA contributes to the protection against GCDCA-induced mitochondria-controlled apoptosis by activating survival pathways.
Open Wound: The Tragic Obsession of Dr. William Beaumont
Authors: Natasha Bagdasarian
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nanoparticles made from novel starch derivatives for transdermal drug delivery
Authors: M.J. Santander-Ortega, T. Stauner, B. Loretz, J.L. Ortega-Vinuesa, D. Bastos-González, G. Wenz, U.F. Schaefer, C.M. Lehr
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2009)
Primary cutaneous amyloidosis of the glans penis. Two case reports and a review of the literature
Authors: E.E. Merika, M.Ι. Darling, P. Craig, M. Paul, N. Francis, H. Lachmann, W. Porter, C.B. Bunker
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Primary cutaneous amyloidosis of the penis is a rare entity.We describe two cases of primary penile cutaneous amyloidosis presenting as localized lesions on the penis and not associated with systemic amyloidosis.A comprehensive literature review of all published cases.The rarest form of cutaneous amyloidosis, nodular amyloidosis, is the most frequent presentation of penis-limited cutaneous amyloid with a low incidence of systemic disease progression.Although primary nodular amyloidosis is a rare entity it seems to be the most frequent presentation of penile-limited cutaneous disease, with a low incidence of systemic involvement.
Effect of combined therapy with bezafibrate and cholestyramine on low-density lipoprotein metabolism in type IIa hypercholesterolemia
Authors: J.J. Series, M.J. Caslake, C. Kilday, A. Cruickshank, T. Demant, A.R. Lorimer, C.J. Packard, J. Shepherd
Journal: Metabolism (1989)
Proposals for revalidation are "too complicated and aspirational"
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Revalidation of doctors practising in the United Kingdom is expected to be launched in late 2012, but the existing proposals will be reviewed and may be streamlined amid concerns that they are too onerous.

Responses to the three month consultation by the General Medical Council, the regulator of UK doctors, on revalidation showed broad support for the principle but some concerns about how it would operate in practice.

A common objection was that some of the proposals might be “too complicated and aspirational,” the analysis of responses showed. The main area of concern was …
Doctor-rating websites base their reports on only a few patient reviews
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Websites that rate US doctors’ performance and service are increasingly popular with consumers, but a study from Loyola University, Illinois, of urologists found that, on average, ratings are based on reports from just 2.4 patients.1

Two thirds of US consumers who have internet access look up health information online. Half of them look up their healthcare providers and 40% also use doctor-rating sites. 

The websites typically ask patients to rate a doctor on points such as ease of making an …
THE EFFECT OF HIGH DOSE STATIN THERAPY ON LIPOPROTEIN-ASSOCIATED AND SECRETORY PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 MASS AND ACTIVITY AND ISCHEMIC EVENTS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES
Authors: SUNG KEE RYU, Ziad Mallat, Gregory G. Schwartz, Joelle Benessiano, Alain Tedgui, Anders G. Olsson, Sotirios Tsimikas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Variations in Serum Thyroxine Concentrations with Time after an Oral Replacement Dose
Authors: HARRY MAXON, CHARLES VOLLE, VICKI HERTZBERG, I-WEN CHEN, MARIANO FERNANDEZ-ULLOA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Serum thyroxine concentrations were measured sequentially in eight healthy male volunteers after the oral administration of one of two brand name, commercially available thyroxine tablets. In all cases, levels peaked at 2 hours and did not return to baseline values until 24 hours after dosing. From 2 through 10 hours, statistically significant elevations in serum thyroxine concentrations were observed. Such fluctuations may be important in evaluating laboratory results in patients receiving replacement doses of thyroxine.
PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ON A DISORDERED FAT METABOLISM IN SOME SKIN DISEASES*
Authors: E. C. DODDS, H. MacCORMAC, J. D. ROBERTSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1942)

Journal Article PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ON A DISORDERED FAT METABOLISM IN SOME SKIN DISEASES Get access E. C. DODDS, M.V.O., D.Sc, Ph.D., M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S., E. C. DODDS, M.V.O., D.Sc, Ph.D., M.D., F.R.C.P., F.R.S. Courtauld Institute of Biochemistry, and the Courtauld Research Wards, Middlesex Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. MacCORMAC, C.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P., H. MacCORMAC, C.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.P. Courtauld Institute of Biochemistry, and the Courtauld Research Wards, Middlesex Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. D. ROBERTSON, D.Sc. Ph.D., M.D., D.P.H. J. D. ROBERTSON, D.Sc. Ph.D., M.D., D.P.H. Courtauld Institute of Biochemistry, and the Courtauld Research Wards, Middlesex Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 54, Issue 7, 1 July 1942, Pages 212–214, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1942.tb10683.x Published: 01 July 1942
Spatially Resolved Metabolic Phenotyping of Breast Cancer by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Sabine Guenther, Laura J. Muirhead, Abigail V.M. Speller, Ottmar Golf, Nicole Strittmatter, Rathi Ramakrishnan, Robert D. Goldin, Emrys Jones, Kirill Veselkov, Jeremy Nicholson, Ara Darzi, Zoltan Takats
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease characterized by varying responses to therapeutic agents and significant differences in long-term survival. Thus, there remains an unmet need for early diagnostic and prognostic tools and improved histologic characterization for more accurate disease stratification and personalized therapeutic intervention. This study evaluated a comprehensive metabolic phenotyping method in breast cancer tissue that uses desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI MSI), both as a novel diagnostic tool and as a method to further characterize metabolic changes in breast cancer tissue and the tumor microenvironment. In this prospective single-center study, 126 intraoperative tissue biopsies from tumor and tumor bed from 50 patients undergoing surgical resections were subject to DESI MSI. Global DESI MSI models were able to distinguish adipose, stromal, and glandular tissue based on their metabolomic fingerprint. Tumor tissue and tumor-associated stroma showed evident changes in their fatty acid and phospholipid composition compared with normal glandular and stromal tissue. Diagnosis of breast cancer was achieved with an accuracy of 98.2% based on DESI MSI data (PPV 0.96, NVP 1, specificity 0.96, sensitivity 1). In the tumor group, correlation between metabolomic profile and tumor grade/hormone receptor status was found. Overall classification accuracy was 87.7% (PPV 0.92, NPV 0.9, specificity 0.9, sensitivity 0.92). These results demonstrate that DESI MSI may be a valuable tool in the improved diagnosis of breast cancer in the future. The identified tumor-associated metabolic changes support theories of de novo lipogenesis in tumor tissue and the role of stroma tissue in tumor growth and development and overall disease prognosis.