tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of Tannic Acid in various Diseases
Authors: S. S. Alison
Journal: BMJ (1850)

DURING the ls3t six yers, I have been in the constant practice of prescribing TAwno Acm, usually termed Tannin, il various diseases.I was led to its employment, by a knowledge of the potency of many substances into whose composition it largely entered.It recommended itself likewise by its bitter and intensely styptic taste.Its remarkable chemical effect upon gelatine, and the alleged wholesomeness of the tan-yard, in some measure also contributed to cause me to make ttial of this agent.In all the diseases, and, with two or three exceptions, in all examples of the diseases in which I have employed it, marked advantage has attended or followed its use.I can conscientiously say, that, on the whole, the results have been sucb, in respect to promptitude, certainty, convenience, and safety, as I have not procured from any other remedial agent.This testimony in its favour is given only after due analysis, and deliberation; and I am so convinced of its correctness, that I have decided upon continuing to consider and to use Tannic Acid, as one of the most efficacious d valuable articles in the stores of the pharmaceutist.It is to record the grounds of this decision, and to point out the conditions and circumstances under which it is useful, as well as to indicate the most advantageous mode of employing it, that the present communication is designed.The facts to be related, it is thought, possess some value, and appear to justify a more extensive and general employment of this remedy, than it has yet obtained.
Cancellation of debt of poorest people would be worthy memorial to millennium
Authors: D. Logie
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor—Andrew Haines and Richard Smith rightly argue that the increasing disparity in wealth, between and within countries, is having such a profound effect on health that doctors must cooperate with others to analyse the “pathology” of poverty and lobby for change.1 Medical Action for Global Security, the British affiliate of International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, is doing just that. By linking with health professionals globally and by working with economists, we are examining …
Parental Symbolism in the Doctor Image of Asthmatic Patients
Authors: R. Pierloot, F. Hoornaert
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1978)

In a group of asthmatic adult subjects (n = 88) the maternal and paternal aspects in the doctor image have been investigated. The Semantic Differential Parental, an item list consisting of 18 paternal and 18 maternal items, was employed. With this item list the following concepts were scored: the doctor, the father, the ideal father, the mother, and the ideal mother. In the formation of the doctor image, the contribution of maternal and paternal qualities were both qualitatively as well as quantitatively studied and compared with the parental images. The acquired data are interpreted in comparison with the findings of former studies, with the same methodology, in groups of neurotic, schizophrenic and mixed psychosomatic patients. It appears that asthmatic patients consider the doctor mostly as a minimally differentiated omnipotent figure, possessing all parental qualities, but excelling by paternity, instrumental and nurturance functions. We notice a close likeness with the doctor image of the mixed group of psychosomatic patients. In contrast to neurotics, who project on the doctor more the norm giving pole of paternity and the receptivity pole of maternity, for asthmatics and psychosomatic patients in general the doctor figure is invested with the all-embracing power qualities of both parents.
Tuberculosis in the Heavily Exposed
Authors: J. Arthur Myers
Journal: JAMA (1967)

To the Editor:—  In his letter to the editor concerning tuberculosis in medical students ( 198 :791, 1966) Dr. Joseph Westermeyer refers to my statement inThe Journal( 194 :1086, 1965): The last clinical case in the school [University of Minnesota School of Medicine] occurred in 1946 as  entirely accurate. This statement distinctly specifies the school of medicine and therefore included no reference to the graduates of this school although detailed information concerning them is also available.  Dr. Westermeyer refers to an intern who contracted miliary tuberculosis at the Minneapolis General Hospital. He was a graduate of our school, but had no evidence of tuberculosis at time of graduation. He had not reacted to tuberculin before entering medical school or throughout the four years he was in school. He strongly believes that he became infected in the hospital emergency room while serving as an intern. He made a prompt recovery
Do Vasodilators Prolong Life in Heart Failure?
Authors: Milton Packer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Over the past decade, vasodilator therapy has become an accepted way to treat the symptoms of patients with congestive heart failure. By antagonizing the systemic vasoconstriction that limits cardiac performance, vasodilator drugs alter the loading conditions in the failing left ventricle and can thereby produce immediate and long-term hemodynamic and clinical improvement.1 Yet, despite these symptomatic benefits, the prognosis of patients with chronic heart failure remains extremely poor. The annual mortality rate ranges from 15 to 60 percent, depending on the severity of the underlying disease. Nearly 200,000 patients die of heart failure in the United States each year.Do . . .
STIFF, PAINFUL SHOULDERS, EXCLUSIVE OF TUBERCULOSIS AND OTHER INFECTIONS
Authors: EDSON B. FOWLER
Journal: JAMA (1933)

This article is limited to: (1) the enumeration of a number of terms for stiff, painful shoulders with practically the same clinical syndrome; (2) an analysis of the pathologic changes found in dissections, autopsies and operations; (3) a study of the rôle that rupture of the supraspinatus tendon, capsule and subacromial bursa plays as an etiologic factor; (4) a review of a few cases to emphasize the importance of apparently trivial symptoms, usually overlooked or neglected as unimportant; (5) a brief outline of the essentials of treatment, based largely on a study of 340 shoulders in dissecting rooms; (6) a description of a simplified operation for tendon and capsule repair. In particular, my purpose is to direct attention to evidence that rupture of the supraspinatus tendon is apparently the primary exciting cause of most "stiff, painful shoulders," and that an early recognition of that fact, with prompt proper treatment, will
Adult Pericarditis and Myocarditis Due to Coxsackie Virus Group B, Type 5
Authors: F. C. Null, C. H. Castle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

SINCE the recognition of the Coxsackie viruses in 19481 a number of diverse human illnesses have been associated with these viruses. The gamut of clinical manifestations attributed to the Coxsackie viruses include herpangina,2 3 4 "three-day fever,"4 aseptic meningitis,5 6 7 8 9 10 11 epidemic pleurodynia,12 13 14 pericarditis,15 16 17 18 myocarditis in infants,19 20 21 22 23 orchitis24 and a syndrome of lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly.25 During the spring and summer of 1957 an epidemic of infections due to Coxsackie virus Group B, Type 5, occurred in Salt Lake City, Utah. Laboratory evidence was obtained in 17 cases to incriminate this virus as the etiologic agent in the acute illnesses.§ The clinical manifestations varied strikingly . . .
A systems biology approach to the pathogenesis of obesity-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease using reverse phase protein microarrays for multiplexed cell signaling analysis
Authors: Valerie S. Calvert, Rochelle Collantes, Hazem Elariny, Arian Afendy, Ancha Baranova, Michael Mendoza, Zachary Goodman, Lance A. Liotta, Emanuel F. Petricoin, Zobair M. Younossi
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Abstract Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of chronic liver disease. Omental adipose tissue, a biologically active organ secreting adipokines and cytokines, may play a role in the development of NAFLD. We tested this hypothesis with reverse-phase protein microarrays (RPA) for multiplexed cell signaling analysis of adipose tissue from patients with NAFLD. Omental adipose tissue was obtained from 99 obese patients. Liver biopsies obtained at the time of surgery were all read by the same hepatopathologist. Adipose tissue was exposed to rapid pressure cycles to extract protein lysates. RPA was used to investigate intracellular signaling. Analysis of 54 different kinase substrates and cell signaling endpoints showed that an insulin signaling pathway is deranged in different locations in NAFLD patients. Furthermore, components of insulin receptor–mediated signaling differentiate most of the conditions on the NAFLD spectrum. For example, PKA (protein kinase A) and AKT/mTOR (protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway derangement accurately discriminates patients with NASH from those with the non-progressive forms of NAFLD. PKC (protein kinase C) delta, AKT, and SHC phosphorylation changes occur in patients with simple steatosis. Amounts of the FKHR (forkhead factor Foxo1)phosphorylated at S256 residue were significantly correlated with AST/ALT ratio in all morbidly obese patients. Furthermore, amounts of cleaved caspase 9 and pp90RSK S380 were positively correlated in patients with NASH. Specific insulin pathway signaling events are altered in the adipose tissue of patients with NASH compared with patients with nonprogressive forms of NAFLD. Conclusion: These findings provide evidence for the role of omental fat in the pathogenesis, and potentially, the progression of NAFLD. (HEPATOLOGY 2007;46:166–172.)
Pulmonary function measures predict mortality differently in IPF versus combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema
Authors: S.L. Schmidt, A.M. Nambiar, N. Tayob, B. Sundaram, M.K. Han, B.H. Gross, E.A. Kazerooni, A.R. Chughtai, A. Lagstein, J.L. Myers, S. Murray, G.B. Toews, F.J. Martinez, K.R. Flaherty
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

The composite physiologic index (CPI) was derived to represent the extent of fibrosis on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), adjusting for emphysema in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We hypothesised that longitudinal change in CPI would better predict mortality than forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)), forced vital capacity (FVC) or diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (D(L,CO)) in all patients with IPF, and especially in those with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE). Cox proportional hazard models were performed on pulmonary function data from IPF patients at baseline (n = 321), 6 months (n = 211) and 12 months (n = 144). Presence of CPFE was determined by HRCT. A five-point increase in CPI over 12 months predicted subsequent mortality (HR 2.1, p = 0.004). At 12 months, a 10% relative decline in FVC, a 15% relative decline in D(L,CO) or an absolute increase in CPI of five points all discriminated median survival by 2.1 to 2.2 yrs versus patients with lesser change. Half our cohort had CPFE. In patients with moderate/severe emphysema, only a 10% decline in FEV(1) predicted mortality (HR 3.7, p = 0.046). In IPF, a five-point increase in CPI over 12 months predicts mortality similarly to relative declines of 10% in FVC or 15% in D(L,CO). For CPFE patients, change in FEV(1) was the best predictor of mortality.
THE EFFECT OF INJECTIONS OF IODIZED OIL IN THE SPINAL SUBARACHNOID SPACE
Authors: LOYAL DAVIS
Journal: JAMA (1930)

The use of iodized oil as a radiodiagnostic medium dates back a relatively brief period to 1922. Before that time iodized oils had been used as a form of iodine medication and for some time had been administered hypodermically. The opacity of iodized oil to the roentgen ray had been noted accidentally in the course of incidental x-ray plates of parts into which it had been injected. Sicard and Forestier 1 suggested its use as a method of making the epidural and subdural spaces roentgenologically visible. At the same time they began to use it in roentgenographic exploration of the pulmonary spaces.  Since that time there has been a constantly increasing number of reports on its use by the original authors and by many others. By far the greatest volume of the literature is concerned with the use of iodized oils as a contrast medium in the roentgen diagnosis of
Increased Expression of P-Selectin on Platelets Is a Risk Factor for Silent Cerebral Infarction in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Tetsuo Minamino, Masafumi Kitakaze, Shoji Sanada, Hiroshi Asanuama, Toshiya Kurotobi, Yukihiro Koretsune, Masatake Fukunami, Tsunehiko Kuzuya, Noritake Hoki, Masatsugu Hori
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Platelet activation and decreased levels of nitrite and nitrate (NOx), stable end products of nitric oxide (NO), are reported in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We examined the time-course changes in plasma NOx levels and the expression of P-selectin on platelets after the onset of AF in a canine model and determined whether these parameters could be risk factors for silent cerebral infarction in patients with AF. Methods and Results —AF was induced by rapid atrial pacing in the canine model of AF. Plasma NOx levels were significantly decreased and the levels of P-selectin on platelets and of neutrophil/platelet conjugates were significantly increased after the onset of AF in this model. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that the inhibition of NO synthesis increased the expression of P-selectin on platelets. Plasma NOx levels (19.7±2.4 versus 27.5±2.8 μmol/L) were significantly lower in 25 patients with AF compared with age- (±2 years) and sex-matched control subjects. Conversely, the levels of P-selectin on platelets (7.6±0.8% versus 4.8±0.7%) and of neutrophil/platelet conjugates (14.8±0.9% versus 8.1±0.6%) were significantly higher in patients with AF. Multiple regression analysis revealed that increased P-selectin on platelets and advanced age were associated with the number of foci of silent cerebral infarction. Conclusions —An irregular heart rate that is characteristic of AF appeared to blunt NO synthesis. The increased expression of P-selectin on platelets associated with the reduced NO levels was a risk factor for silent cerebral infarction in patients with AF.
False-Positive Diagnosis of a Pheochromocytoma With I-123 Metaiodobenzylguanidine
Authors: JENS BATHMANN, HARTMUT P.H. NEUMANN, GÜNTHER SIGMUND, ERNST MOSER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

The rare case of a false-positive scintiscan with I-123 labelled metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) in a patient with suspected pheochromocytoma is reported. Focal accumulation of the tracer in the upper right abdomen, primarily thought to represent a right-sided pheochromocytoma, was subsequently proven to be caused by an ampullary renal pelvis. In cases of unexplained MIBG accumulation the possibility of prolonged retention of the tracer, because of an abnormality of the renal pelvis, should be considered and excluded by ultrasound.
Evaluation of Suspected Pulmonary Embolism During Pregnancy—Reply
Authors: Jeffrey Glassroth
Journal: JAMA (2008)

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A65: Procedural Pain with Weekly Injections of Subcutaneous Methotrexate in Children with Rheumatic Disorders
Authors: Melanie Bechard, Julie Lemieux, Johannes Roth, Karen Watanabe Duffy, Ciaran M. Duffy, Mary Aglipay, Nick Barrowman, Roman Jurencak
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2014)

Background/Purpose:

Procedural pain may have long-term negative effects on children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of pain associated with weekly subcutaneous injections of methotrexate.



Methods:

A prospective observational cohort study was conducted from June 2013 through August 2013. All patients with appointments in rheumatology clinic during this period were screened for eligibility. Patients between the ages of 4\N17 years who were currently receiving weekly subcutaneous methotrexate injections for at least 4 weeks were invited to participate in the study. Patients and families underwent a focused interview, conducted by one interviewer, exploring their experience with methotrexate injections. Thereafter, they were trained to use the Faces Pain Scale\NRevised (FPS-R) tool to be able rate pain associated with future methotrexate injections. Associations between pain scores and age, duration of therapy, and presence of side effects were tested using simple and multiple linear regression.



Results:

41 out of 42 eligible patients consented to the study. Four patients were switched from subcutaneous to oral route of methotrexate at the time of study enrolment. Of the remaining 37 patients, 29 (78%) returned the completed pain scales. The mean age was 11.2 years (SD = 3.9 years) and 68% were female. Most of these patients were diagnosed with JIA (73%). Mean duration of therapy with subcutaneous injections of methotrexate was 2.5 years (SD = 2.1 yrs) and the dosing range was 0.3–1 mg/kg/week (maximum 25 mg/week). The upper arm was the preferred injection site in 71% of patients. Median amount of pain in the subset of 29 patients was 2/10; 18 (62%) patients reported mild pain (FPS-R score 0–2), 9 (31%) reported moderate pain (FPS-R score 4–6) and 2 participants reported severe pain (FPS-R 8–10). In univariate testing, higher intensity of pain was associated with presence of side effects (p = 0.004), but not duration of therapy (p = 0.20) or age (p = 0.24). Results were largely unchanged in multiple linear regression. Injection pain was successfully alleviated by ice in 10/14 patients (71%), comfort positions in 14/21 patients (67%), rewards in 13/20 patients (65%), reassurance in 11/22 patients (50%), distraction in 10/21 patients (48%), and analgesics in 4/9 patients (44%).



Conclusion:

While the average amount of pain associated with subcutaneous injections of methotrexate is mild, patients who suffer from methotrexate associated side-effects report significantly higher levels of pain. Patients and families reported using various effective strategies to alleviate injection associated pain.
Electron Microscopic Evidence of Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis Markers and Virus-Like Particles in Immunocompromised Humans
Authors: Seishiro Watanabe, Rajender K. Reddy, Lennox Jeffers, Gordon M. Dickinson, Mark O’Connell, Eugene R. Schiff
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

Characteristic pathological alterations of the liver in chimpanzees inoculated with non-A, non-B hepatitis sera have been described, but no corresponding findings have been reported in humans. Electron microscopic studies of the liver biopsy specimens of two homosexual patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome, one without hepatitis (Patient 1) and one with chronic active hepatitis in remission (Patient 2), revealed the cytoplasmic tubular structures which are characteristic of chimpanzee non-A, non-B hepatitis. A cluster of 23 nm double-shelled particles was also seen in the cytoplasm of a hepatocyte in patient 1 who had received a blood transfusion 8 days before the biopsy. These particles were smaller than the Dane particles, Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus or herpes simplex virus, and different from hepatitis A virus particles; the antibodies to all of which are found in high concentration in acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients. These observations may reflect the morphologic findings for non-A, non-B hepatitis infection in humans.
Atopic characteristics of children with recurrent wheezing at high risk for the development of childhood asthma
Authors: Theresa W. Guilbert, Wayne J. Morgan, Robert S. Zeiger, Leonard B. Bacharier, Susan J. Boehmer, Marzena Krawiec, Gary Larsen, Robert F. Lemanske, Andrew Liu, David T. Mauger, Chris Sorkness, Stanley J. Szefler, Robert C. Strunk, Lynn M. Taussig, Fernando D. Martinez
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Malignant Gliomas in Adults
Authors: Patrick Y Wen, Santosh Kesari
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Malignant gliomas, the most common type of primary brain tumor in adults, are associated with disproportionate cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Recently, there have been important advances in our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of malignant gliomas and progress in treating them. This review summarizes the diagnosis and management of these tumors in adults, highlighting new advances.
Engineered Newcastle Disease Virus as an Improved Oncolytic Agent Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Jennifer Altomonte, Sabrina Marozin, Roland M Schmid, Oliver Ebert
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an intrinsically tumor-specific virus, which is currently under investigation as a clinical oncolytic agent. Several clinical trials have reported NDV to be a safe and effective agent for cancer therapy; however, there remains a clear need for improvement in therapeutic outcome. The endogenous NDV fusion (F) protein directs membrane fusion, which is required for virus entry and cell-cell fusion. Here, we report a novel NDV vector harboring an L289A mutation within the F gene, which resulted in enhanced fusion and cytotoxicity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells in vitro, as compared with the rNDV/F3aa control virus. In vivo administration of the recombinant vector, termed rNDV/F3aa(L289A), via hepatic arterial infusion in immune-competent Buffalo rats bearing multifocal, orthotopic liver tumors resulted in tumor-specific syncytia formation and necrosis, with no evidence of toxicity to the neighboring hepatic parenchyma. Furthermore, the improved oncolysis conferred by the L289A mutation translated to significantly prolonged survival compared with control NDV. Taken together, rNDV/F(L289A) represents a safe, yet more effective vector than wild-type NDV for the treatment of HCC, making it an ideal candidate for clinical application in HCC patients.