tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ALCOHOL AND ITS EFFECTS.
Authors: W. P. HOWLE
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Alcohol pure in full strength is rarely used as an internal remedy. In the form of whisky, brandy or wine it is often used. In minute doses it<i>stimulates</i>; in large doses it intoxicates; in larger doses it may kill. Therefore its effects like the effects of anything else depend upon the quantity given, the conditions under which it is taken, etc. An ounce of alcohol in a pint of water or syrup makes a stimulant about the same strength as ordinary wine; a tablespoonful of this three times a day before meals improves the appetite and leaves no bad after effects. This quantity of alcohol would last a patient nine or ten days, and within a year thirty-six ounces or a little over three pints of alcohol would be used. This quantity would not harm the average adult. Alcohol given in teaspoonful doses every hour or two, soon makes
Late-onset X-linked sideroblastic anemia following hemodialysis
Authors: Kazumichi Furuyama, Hideo Harigae, Chiharu Kinoshita, Toshihiko Shimada, Kazuko Miyaoka, Chiaki Kanda, Yoshifumi Maruyama, Shigeki Shibahara, Shigeru Sassa
Journal: Blood (2003)
Dutch patients are warned against stem cell treatment
Authors: Tony Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Patients in the Netherlands have been warned against having controversial stem cell treatment for conditions such as multiple sclerosis and spinal chord injuries.

The Dutch Health Care Inspectorate issued the warning before the end of an investigation into two private clinics that offer such treatment because of “media attention.” The clinics are the Preventive Medicine Clinic in Rotterdam and Cells4Health, based near Zutphen.

These clinics claim to have had successful results with the techniques, for which the Health Care Inspectorate says there is “no scientific proof.” Such treatment is banned in the United Kingdom but not in the Netherlands.

The investigation follows complaints from leading Dutch neurologists. …
ERYTHROMYCIN-RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE
Authors: J. Verhaegen, P. Goubau, L. Verbist, J. Glupczynski, M. Blogie, E. Yourassowsky, R.E. Warren, D. Haines, E. Walpole, M.A.T. Coles
Journal: The Lancet (1988)
Medical Nobels--stamp of genius.
Authors: J. M. Dunlop
Journal: BMJ (1988)

anthropometric formulae applied to the long bones of the lower limbs indicated a height in life of 170 cm.Photographs were taken of the bones in situ and then correctly disposed on tables for examination (fig 2), and the remains were reverently deposited in the new casket from Taverna, which was re-interred at the original site after a solemn High Mass "de requie" on Saturday 15 December 1962. Exhumations in historyExhumations do not feature in most doctors' experi- ence, even in the rather gruesome circumstances of forensic investigation, still less under the more fascinating aspect of historical research.As examples of historical exhumations I recall "An Account of what appeared On Opening the Coffin of KING CHARLES THE FIRST, in the vault of King Henry the Eight, in St George's Chapel at Windsor, on the First of April MDCCCXIII by Sir Henry Halford, Bart, FRS and FAS, Physician to the King and the Prince Regent" (published in London in 1813).Rather more por- tentous must have been the exhumations and the searches for traces of arsenic poisoning performed on the remains of Napoleon.Piteous indeed was the finding in 1674 in the Tower of London of the wooden chest containing the presumed remains of the two Princes, sons of Edward IV, said to have been murdered by Richard Crookback.In 1933 these remains were examined by Professor William Wright
1230 IMPACT OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY ON THE VARIABILITY OF THE HCV NS5B POLYMERASE IN HIV/HCV COINFECTED PATIENTS
Authors: Z. Plaza, V. Soriano, T. Bar-Magen, M.M. Gonzalez, F. Di Lello, J. Marias, P. Labarga, J.A. Pineda, E. Poveda
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Serum from patients with type 2 diabetes with neuropathy induces complement-independent, calcium-dependent apoptosis in cultured neuronal cells.
Authors: S Srinivasan, M J Stevens, H Sheng, K E Hall, J W Wiley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

We hypothesized that sera from type 2 diabetic patients with neuropathy contains an autoimmune immunoglobulin that promotes complement-independent, calcium-dependent apoptosis in neuronal cell lines. Neuronal cells were cultured in the presence of complement-inactivated sera obtained from patients with type 2 diabetes with and without neuropathy and healthy adult control patients. Serum from diabetic patients with neuropathy was associated with a significantly greater induction of apoptosis, compared to serum from diabetic patients without neuropathy and controls. In the presence of calcium channel antagonists, induction of apoptosis was reduced by approximately 50%. Pretreatment of neuronal cells with serum from diabetic patients with neuropathy was associated with a significant increase in elevated K+-evoked cytosolic calcium concentration. Serum-induced enhancement in cytosolic calcium and calcium current density was blocked by treatment with trypsin and filtration of the serum using a 100,000-kd molecular weight filter. Treatment with an anti-human IgG antibody was associated with intense fluorescence on the surface of neuronal cells exposed to sera from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with neuropathy. We conclude that sera from type 2 diabetic patients with neuropathy contains an autoimmune immunoglobulin that induces complement-independent, calcium-dependent apoptosis in neuronal cells.
A Florida Summer Camp for Diabetic Children
Authors: Joseph C. Shipp
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE VALUE of summer camps for children with diabetes mellitus is clearly established.<sup>1,2</sup>Such camps provide supervised and complete recreational activities, an opportunity to live with others who have diabetes mellitus, a better understanding of diabetes, a unique educational experience for the medical staff, and an economical means of "learning with fun." The first camp for diabetic children was established by Dr. Leonard F. C. Wendt of Detroit soon after the introduction of insulin. In 1929, Dr. Henry John of Cleveland started Camp Ho Mita Koda, which has been operating continuously for the longest period. Slowly, other camps were opened but in 1951 there were only 15 camps in the United States and Canada.<sup>3</sup>During the period from 1951 to 1962 the number of camps has more than doubled. Camp Immokalee, the Florida camp, is the 33rd in the US and the third camp in the Southeast, the
Unmet clinical need in autoimmune liver diseases
Authors: Jessica K. Dyson, Gwilym Webb, Gideon M. Hirschfield, Ansgar Lohse, Ulrich Beuers, Keith Lindor, David E.J. Jones
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)

Despite recent advances in understanding and treatment, there remain significant areas of unmet clinical need in each of the autoimmune liver diseases (AILDs). The evolving research landscape and emerging large patient cohorts are creating unique opportunities to translate science into new therapies and care pathways, with the potential to significantly improve the lives of AILD patients. However, the areas of unmet need represent real challenges, which need to be addressed, if this vision is to be realised. This review describes the areas of unmet need in AILD in adults relating to diagnostic and prognostic assessment, primary therapy, symptom management, trial design and delivery, and structured care delivery, with the aim of focusing future research prioritisation.
Polymorphisms of the β <sub>2</sub> -Adrenergic Receptor Determine Exercise Capacity in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Lynne E. Wagoner, Laura L. Craft, Balkrishna Singh, Damodhar P. Suresh, Paul W. Zengel, Nancy McGuire, William T. Abraham, Thomas C. Chenier, Gerald W. Dorn, Stephen B. Liggett
Journal: Circulation Research (2000)

Abstract —The β 2 -adrenergic receptor (β 2 AR) exists in multiple polymorphic forms with different characteristics. Their relevance to heart failure (HF) physiology is unknown. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed on 232 compensated HF patients with a defined β 2 AR genotype. Patients with the uncommon Ile164 polymorphism had a lower peak V̇ o 2 (15.0±0.9 mL · kg −1 · min −1 ) than did patients with Thr164 (17.9±0.9 mL · kg −1 · min −1 , P &lt;0.0001). The percentage achieved of predicted peak V̇ o 2 was also lower in patients with Ile164 (62.3±4.5% versus 71.5±5.1%, P =0.045). The relative risk of a patient having a V̇ o 2 ≤14 mL · kg −1 · min −1 who had Ile164 was 8.0 ( P =0.009). Catheterization-based invasive exercise testing revealed depressed changes in the exercise-induced cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance, stroke volume, and V̇ o 2 in patients with Ile164. The polymorphisms at position 16 also impacted exercise capacity: peak V̇ o 2 for Arg16 versus Gly16 was 17.0±0.8 versus 15.6±0.5 mL · kg −1 · min −1 , respectively ( P =0.03). Because the polymorphisms at loci 16 and 27 can occur together, 4 homozygous combinations exist. Patients with Arg16/Glu27 had the highest percentage achieved of predicted peak V̇ o 2 (75.7±6.4%), whereas those with Gly16/Gln27 had the lowest (55.3±2.8%, P =0.0032). The above findings were not confounded by baseline clinical characteristics, including β-blocker usage. We conclude that the β 2 AR polymorphisms Ile164, Gly16, and the combination of Gly16 and Gln27 are associated with depressed exercise performance in HF and represent a genetically determined factor in the pathophysiology of HF.
Disseminated Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection Mimic Metastases on PET/CT Scan
Authors: Kuan-Hsiu Lin, Jao-Hsien Wang, Nan-Jing Peng
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A 68-year-old man had malaise, weight loss, and enlarged right cervical lymph nodes. The first biopsy from a right cervical lymph node showed granulomas with negative acid-fast bacillus (AFB) staining, and he was treated for extrapulmonary tuberculosis with isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. Symptoms persisted even after receiving antituberculosis drugs for 2 months. He was transferred to our center for F-18 FDG PET/CT scan under the suspicion of occult malignancy. The PET/CT scan showed increased FDG uptake in the right cervical lymphadenopathy and multiple bony lesions. The second biopsy from the FDG-avid cervical lymph node and bone marrow confirmed nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection. After another 6 months of adjusted antituberculosis therapy with isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and clarithromycin, a repeat PET/CT scan showed remission of previous lesions.
The Child With Multiple Birth Defects
Authors: Blair O. Rogers
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This book should be welcomed by physicians treating patients with birth defect syndromes as it is a notable departure from many of the standard books already published on this subject. Because these syndromes now number in the thousands rather than the hundreds, there has been a need for a book that classifies and evaluates them in depth and shows their relationships to each other in terms of groupings rather than as isolated entities. This interrelationship of the various symptomatologies of isolated syndromes has not been too frequently emphasized by former books on this subject, but Dr Cohen performs a heroic service in analyzing these interrelationships for us using an extremely good analytical stance, and, according to Dr Josef Warkany who writes the foreword to his book, Dr Cohen has "an encyclopedic knowledge of malformation syndromes." The reader should be forewarned that this book does not deal in any manner whatsoever
G9a interacts with Snail and is critical for Snail-mediated E-cadherin repression in human breast cancer
Authors: Chenfang Dong, Yadi Wu, Jun Yao, Yifan Wang, Yinhua Yu, Piotr G. Rychahou, B. Mark Evers, Binhua P. Zhou
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Breast cancers are highly heterogeneous but can be grouped into subtypes based on several criteria, including level of expression of certain markers. Claudin-low breast cancer (CLBC) is associated with early metastasis and resistance to chemotherapy, while gene profiling indicates it is characterized by the expression of markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) - a phenotypic conversion linked with metastasis. Although the epigenetic program controlling the phenotypic and cellular plasticity of EMT remains unclear, one contributor may be methylation of the E-cadherin promoter, resulting in decreased E-cadherin expression, a hallmark of EMT. Indeed, reduced E-cadherin often occurs in CLBC and may contribute to the early metastasis and poor patient survival associated with this disease. Here, we have determined that methylation of histone H3 on lysine 9 (H3K9me2) is critical for promoter DNA methylation of E-cadherin in three TGF-β-induced EMT model cell lines, as well as in CLBC cell lines. Further, Snail interacted with G9a, a major euchromatin methyltransferase responsible for H3K9me2, and recruited G9a and DNA methyltransferases to the E-cadherin promoter for DNA methylation. Knockdown of G9a restored E-cadherin expression by suppressing H3K9me2 and blocking DNA methylation. This resulted in inhibition of cell migration and invasion in vitro and suppression of tumor growth and lung colonization in in vivo models of CLBC metastasis. Our study not only reveals a critical mechanism underlying the epigenetic regulation of EMT but also paves a way for the development of new treatment strategies for CLBC.
Ultrastructural and Biochemical Liver Analyses in Fabry's Disease
Authors: Stephan G.M. Meuwissen, Kurt P. Dingemans, Anneke Strijland, Joseph M. Tager, Bert C.M. Ooms
Journal: Hepatology (1982)

Ultrastructural and biochemical analyses were made of liver biopsy material from a patient with longstanding Fabry's disease. Both hepatocytes as well as periportal macrophages showed lipid accumulations consisting of amorphous material as well as stacks of lamellar leaflets. Lipid inclusions in periportal macrophages were much larger than in hepatocytes. Furthermore, small round spheres were found exclusively in periportal macrophages. The biochemical analysis showed an increased content of ceramide -3, with only minor elevated concentrations of other glycosphin–golipids. The almost normal hepatic architecture and the presence of well–preserved hepatocytic organelles are in agreement with the observation that liver involvement in Fabry's disease has only minor clinical significance.
Incomplete Tears of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Knee Locking
Authors: Bruce R. Monaco
Journal: JAMA (1982)

An infrequently considered cause of knee locking in incomplete tear of the anterior cruciate ligament. In this series, 19 locked knees were diagnosed at the time of arthrotomy as isolated incomplete tears of the anterior cruciate ligament. No pathological findings associated with the menisci, patella, or collateral ligaments were evident. In each case, the torn portion of the anterior cruciate ligament was demonstrated to be the mechanism for locking, and locking resolved with excision or repair of the torn portion.
Analysis of gene expression patterns in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lijian Hui, Tangmin Wu, Liang Xu, Gengxi Hu
Journal: Nature Genetics (1999)

Tremendous progress has recently been made in the development of high-throughput microarray technologies for monitoring genetic alterations and expression profiles of genes in cancer cells.Such technological advances appear to be lacking, however, for another common molecular alteration, namely DNA methylation, in cancer.We have recently developed a novel technique, called differential methylation hybridization 1 (DMH) that provides for the first time, an opportunity to conduct genome-based methylation analysis in breast cancer.The first part of this innovation was the generation of over 1,000 CpG island fragments (or tags) as hybridization templates arrayed onto nylon membranes.The second part involved preparation of radiolabelled amplicons, representing a pool of methylated DNA from the test genome.These amplicons were prepared from 28 paired normal and breast tumour tissues and used as probes in array-hybridization.Positive hybridization signals identified by the tumour amplicon, but not by the normal amplicon, indicate the presence of hypermethylated CpG island loci in breast tumours.Close to 9% of these tags exhibited extensive hypermethylation in the majority of breast tumours relative to their normal controls, whereas others had little or no detectable changes.Pattern analysis in a subset of CpG island tags revealed that CpG island hypermethylation is associated with histologic grades of breast tumours.Poorly differentiated tumours appeared to exhibit more hypermethylated CpG islands than their well or moderately differentiated counterparts (P<0.041).Our early findings lay the groundwork for population-based DMH study and demonstrates the need to develop a database for examining large-scale methylation data and for associating specific epigenetic signatures with clinical parameters in breast cancer.
Circulating microRNA changes in heart failure patients treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy: responders vs. non‐responders
Authors: Raffaele Marfella, Clara Di Filippo, Nicoletta Potenza, Celestino Sardu, Maria Rosaria Rizzo, Mario Siniscalchi, Emilio Musacchio, Michelangela Barbieri, Ciro Mauro, Nicola Mosca, Francesco Solimene, Maria Teresa Mottola, Aniello Russo, Francesco Rossi, Giuseppe Paolisso, Michele D'Amico
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2013)
Genetic variation in PCDH11X is associated with susceptibility to late-onset Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Minerva M Carrasquillo, Fanggeng Zou, V Shane Pankratz, Samantha L Wilcox, Li Ma, Louise P Walker, Samuel G Younkin, Curtis S Younkin, Linda H Younkin, Gina D Bisceglio, Nilufer Ertekin-Taner, Julia E Crook, Dennis W Dickson, Ronald C Petersen, Neill R Graff-Radford, Steven G Younkin
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Vanadate treatment restores the expression of genes for key enzymes in the glucose and ketone bodies metabolism in the liver of diabetic rats.
Authors: A Valera, J E Rodriguez-Gil, F Bosch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Oral administration of vanadate to diabetic streptozotocin-treated rats decreased the high blood glucose and D-3-hydroxybutyrate levels related to diabetes. The increase in the expression of the P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene, the main regulatory enzyme of gluconeogenesis, was counteracted in the liver and the kidney after vanadate administration to diabetic rats. Vanadate also counteracted the induction in tyrosine aminotransferase gene expression due to diabetes and was able to increase the expression of the glucokinase gene to levels even higher than those found in healthy animals. Similarly, an induction in pyruvate kinase mRNA transcripts was observed in diabetic vanadate-treated rats. These effects were correlated with changes on glucokinase and pyruvate kinase activities. Vanadate treatment caused a decrease in the expression of the liver-specific glucose transporter, GLUT-2. Thus, vanadate was able to restore liver glucose utilization and block glucose production in diabetic rats. The increase in the expression of the mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (HMGCoAS) gene, the key regulatory enzyme in the ketone bodies production pathway, observed in diabetic rats was also blocked by vanadate. Furthermore, a similar pattern in the expression of PEPCK, GLUT-2, HMGCoAS, and the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha genes has been observed. All of these results suggest that the regulation of the expression of genes involved in the glucose and ketone bodies metabolism could be a key step in the normalization process induced by vanadate administration to diabetic rats.
Group B Streptococcal Infection in Newborns
Authors: Carol J. Baker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Despite notable advances in the treatment of sick newborn infants, bacterial infections during the first week of life continue to claim hundreds of lives. The most common of these early-onset neonatal infections is caused by streptococci of Lancefield group B.1 Group B streptococcal disease has had an incidence of approximately 2 cases per 1000 live births for nearly two decades. It will afflict approximately 7200 neonates in the United States this year, at an estimated cost of $249 million.2 This estimate excludes the costs associated with resulting neurologic handicaps, such as mental retardation, cerebral palsy, or deafness, in some survivors. . . .
Hyper-Low Density Lipoproteinemia in United States Air Force Recruits
Authors: DAVID B. KOCHER, ERNEST L. MAZZAFERRI, DAVID J. KUDZMA, RAYMOND E. STOLL
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Six hundred and three selected, lean, healthy United States Air Force recruits, ranging from age 18 to 22, were screened for hyperlipoproteinemia shortly after military induction. There were 307 men and 296 women. Mean plasma lipid levels were lower than generally observed in the population at large: cholesterol = 139 ± 39 ( sd ) mg%; low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol = 86 ± 40 mg%; high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol = 59 ± 23 mg%; total plasma triglyceride (TG) = 40 ± 17 mg%. The low total plasma cholesterol was largely attributed to the LDL cholesterol fraction. White women had lower total and LDL cholesterol levels ( P &lt; 0.01) than men, but no other significant sex or race differences were observed. Twenty-six individuals (4.3%) had values for either one or both total plasma cholesterol and LDL cholesterol concentrations above the limits arbitrarily established for this group and are regarded as having hyper-low density lipoproteinemia. More individuals were identified as abnormal by a determination of total plasma and LDL cholesterol levels than by measuring total plasma cholesterol alone. No other lipoprotein abnormalities were observed. The lipid concentrations observed in these lean, healthy, young subjects are probably a reflection of ideal values around age 20.
Reply to M.C. Garassino et al
Authors: Paul K. Paik, Sandra D'Angelo, Mark G. Kris, Gregory J. Riely
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

4][5] There were no significant differences in overall or progression-free survival in these trials in all patients or in patients with EGFR wild-type tumors.No biomarkers in these trials predicted which treatments would benefit most patients with EGFR wild-type tumors.The authors state that "the available evidence seems to suggest a superiority of chemotherapy over TKIs." 1 We agree that chemotherapy is superior to EGFR TKI in EGFR wild-type tumors in the first-line setting, but we believe that tested biomarkers cannot currently identify which patients should receive an EGFR TKI or chemotherapy after progression on first-line chemotherapy.7][8] Finally, we must take caution in how we define tumors of patients that lack a particular oncogene or mutation.In the same way that we would not label a patient with an EGFR mutation as having a KRAS wild-type tumor, the use of the term "EGFR wild type" can be misleading; it likely consists of an array of important molecular subsets of tumors, including those with ALK gene rearrangements, BRAF mutations, MET gene amplification, and many others.Indeed, EGFR TKI therapy showed little benefit for ALK-positive NSCLC and this molecular subset would currently be categorized as EGFR wild type in most historical trials. 8We hope that additional efforts to delineate the oncogenic drivers in patients with lung cancer will improve personalized care and provide patients with therapy that is most likely to improve their disease.
Cytological regression and clearance of high-risk human papillomavirus in women with an abnormal cervical smear
Authors: Mariëlle AE Nobbenhuis, Theo JM Helmerhorst, Adriaan JC van den Brule, Lawrence Rozendaal, Feja J Voorhorst, P Dick Bezemer, René HM Verheijen, Chris JLM Meijer
Journal: The Lancet (2001)