tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE ANTIRACHITIC ACTIVATION OF FOODS AND OF CHOLESTEROL BY ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION
Authors: ALFRED F. HESS
Journal: JAMA (1925)

As is well known, animals as well as infants can be protected from rickets by means of the ultraviolet radiations from the sun or the mercury vapor or carbon arc lamps. About a year ago I communicated to the American Pediatric Society experimental data which showed that similar results can be brought about in an indirect way—that the ultraviolet rays can endow inactive oils with antirachitic properties, and that rickets can regularly be prevented or cured by feeding such substances to rats.<sup>1</sup>Linseed oil and cottonseed oil were cited as examples in which this remarkable metamorphosis had been brought about. Shortly thereafter, similar results were reported by Steenbock and his co-workers.<sup>2</sup>Since that time a series of papers has been published from this laboratory showing that refined wheat flour, dry milk, vegetables and other foods can be rendered rickets-protective by short exposures to the radiations from the quartz
THE THYROID AND MANGANESE TREATMENT IN ACUTE PNEUMONIA
Authors: N. J. Roche
Journal: BMJ (1927)

T 40 - by Caesareani section at tie sae-time as the main oper a- tion is done.I-n infective cases hysterectomy would be substitu-ted becautse of the risk of infection of the puerperal ulterus and general septicaemia, anid thus wouild add materially to the time taken in, tlhe olwration and to the shock enitailed.Geinerallyv speakinig, the rule shiould be that t-he iimiinilmm operative procedure that will meet thle needs of the case, and tile onie that can be performed ini the shortest time, should, so far as possible, he selected.Tlere should be as little distuirbanice of the uter-us as possible.In addition to reasons already given, the prognosis An pregnant womeni is rendered grav-er by the possibility of abortioni or premature labour followiiig thle acute adminal condition or the op-eration done for itfs relief.Abor-tion or rremature labour is l-iable to result in a generalized inifection in sep-tic cases or cases with a septic focus.MaIniputlations for retained placenta or other prooedures involving pressure on the -abdomen also add to the risk of spread of infection.
APPARENT CURE OF A TYPHOID CARRIER WITH SOLUBLE IODOPHTHALEIN
Authors: James R. Enright
Journal: JAMA (1941)

The report of Saphir and Howell<sup>1</sup>describing an apparent cure of a carrier of the typhoid-paratyphoid group by the oral administration of soluble iodophthalein has such potential significance from a public health standpoint that it was considered advisable to record another case in which the administration of the same drug was followed by the disappearance of Eberthella typhi from the stool. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> C. B., a man aged 34, a Filipino living at the Hawaiian Homestead, Hoolehua, Molokai, was seen by a physician (P. W.) on the afternoon of Sept. 23, 1937. He gave a history of having felt "sick" since September 8 but he had not gone to bed. He complained of severe headache on September 17 but felt better on the 18th and 19th. On the 20th the symptoms became so severe that he went to bed. He summoned his physician on the 23d. The physician,
TREATMENT OF THE STUTTER TYPE PERSONALITY IN A MEDICAL-SOCIAL CLINIC
Authors: JAMES S. GREENE
Journal: JAMA (1935)

The National Hospital for Speech Disorders opened its doors seventeen years ago. Thousands of young men and women have availed themselves of our clinical services, 70 per cent of whom were given free treatment. Incidentally, since I opened the clinic we have handled over 15,000 stutterers, besides several thousand nonstuttering speech defectives. Stuttering is herein defined as that speech phenomenon which is characterized (1) by tonic and clonic spasms of the vocal tract, which (2) result in conversational difficulty characterized by hesitancy. Theoretically, it is assumed that the stutterer type personality in one born with a special organic structure having constitutional factors which all but parallel the constitutional factors of the nonstutterer type. The stutter type is an extremely sensitive personality, in which the emotional range always overreaches that of the nonstutterer type. This human organism is not always destined to stuttering speech. Only an environment of opposition accentuating the
Angiotensin receptor type 1 mRNA in human right ventricular endomyocardial biopsies: downregulation in heart failure
Authors: V Regitz-Zagrosek
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Objective: Atrial angiotensin II receptors type 1 (AT1) are downregulated in end-stage human heart failure at mRNA and protein level. The present study investigated whether AT1 ventricular mRNA content was reduced in myocardial biopsies from heart failure patients. Methods: AT1 mRNA was quantitated in right ventricular endomyocardial biopsies from 16 patients with decreased left ventricular function (LVEF 36±3%) due to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and in biopsies from 12 patients with suspected myocardial disease but normal cardiac function (LVEF 62±2%). Two biopsies per patient were pooled, RNA was extracted and reverse-transcribed after addition of an AT1 cRNA standard. AT1 standard and wild-type RNA were amplified with the same primers in the same PCR tube. The PCR products were hybridized to a microtiter plate and detected and quantitated by an ELISA system. Glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA was determined in the same samples as AT1 mRNA. Results: In the biopsies from 16 patients with heart failure, a 68% decrease in AT1 mRNA content was found in comparison with 12 controls (heart failure 94±15 AT1 mRNA copies/ng RNA; controls 297±45; P<0.001). Relating AT1 mRNA content to GAPDH mRNA confirmed the specific decrease in AT1 mRNA (AT1/GAPDH: heart failure 1.3±0.15; controls 3.4±0.5; P<0.002). The best correlation between AT1 mRNA content and clinical parameters was found for right ventricular ejection fraction (r = 0.59, P<0.01). Conclusions: The quantitative RT-PCR procedure indicated a loss of ventricular AT1 mRNA in human heart failure which corresponds to the loss of AT1 protein described previously. It may underlie the decrease in AT1 protein expression in human heart failure.
FURTHER EXPERIENCE IN USE OF HUMAN ANTIHÆMOPHILIC GLOBULIN (H.A.H.G.) FOR THE CONTROL OF BLEEDING AFTER DENTAL EXTRACTION IN HÆMOPHILIC PATIENTS
Authors: Rosemary Biggs, J.M. Matthews, B.M. Rush, F.C. Johnstone, R.G. Macfarlane, D.S. Hayton-Williams
Journal: The Lancet (1965)
Colony-Stimulating Factors and Host Defense
Authors: Richard H. Weisbart
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Colony-stimulating factors are growth factors responsible for the proliferation and the maturation of bone marrow stem cells to fully differentiated granulocytes and monocytes. In addition to their effects on hematopoiesis, some colony-stimulating factors prime mature cells for enhanced chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and killing in response to physiologic stimuli. The action of colony-stimulating factors is mediated by growth factor receptors on precursor and mature effector cells. The results of studies of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) suggest a possible therapeutic role for colony-stimulating factors in augmenting mechanisms of host defense.
Effect of Adrenal steroid hormones on the response of the toad's urinary bladder to vasopressin
Authors: J. S. Handler, A. S. Preston, J. Orloff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

This study was designed to examine the effect of adrenal steroid hormones on the response of the toad bladder to vasopressin. Aldosterone enhanced the short-circuit current response, the osmotic water flow response, and the urea permeability response to vasopressin. Since aldosterone also enhanced the short-circuit current response and the osmotic water flow response to adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate, the steroid effect on the bladder's response to vasopressin appears to be at a step beyond the stimulation of adenyl cyclase. Indirect evidence was obtained that the effect of adrenal steroid hormones on the osmotic water flow response to vasopressin is mediated by a different hormone-tissue interaction than that mediating the effect of adrenal steroid hormones on sodium transport. In experiments with three different pairs of mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid analogues, the former had a greater effect on short-circuit current, the latter on the osmotic water flow response to vasopressin. In addition, the spirolactone SC-14266 markedly inhibited the short-circuit current effect of dexamethasone and had little or no inhibitory effect on the dexamethasone enhancement of the osmotic water flow response to vasopressin. Aldosterone and dexamethasone stimulate the oxidation by the bladder of glucose-6-(14)C and depress the rate of oxidation of glucose-1-(14)C compared with glucose-6-(14)C. SC-14266 inhibited the effect of dexamethasone on the oxidation of glucose-6-(14)C but did not alter the effect of the steroid on the rate of oxidation of glucose-1-(14)C compared with glucose-6-(14)C, suggesting that the latter is a glucocorticoid effect and the stimulation of glucose-6-(14)C oxidation a mineralocorticoid effect. Under conditions in which aldosterone has produced a marked enhancement of short-circuit current and the permeability response to vasopressin, the steroid had no detectable effect on cell water content or on cell sodium, potassium, or chloride.
UK spearheads efforts to combat rising threat of antibiotic resistance
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The UK government and UK based charities are taking the lead in efforts to tackle the growing threat of antibiotic resistance through the development of new antibiotics and smarter use of those already in existence.

Over time bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics, and this process has been accelerated by the overuse of antibiotics for minor infections. In addition, drug companies have not prioritised the development of new antibiotics because the process is costly and any new drugs will generate limited profits because they will be used only as a last resort yet still have a limited patent. The World Health Organization has warned that, if action is not taken, the world will enter a post-antibiotic era, where common infections become fatal once again.1

On Wednesday, Prime Minister David Cameron announced that …
A Phase II Study of Cetuximab Plus Irinotecan/S-1 as First-Line Treatment in KRAS Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: T. Masuishi, Y. Sakai, T. Matsui, R. Nakamura, S. Anzai, Y. Suzuki, I. Kobori, Y. Fukami, K. Suzuki, J. Tazawa
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Comparison of the Tetracycline Fluorescence Test and Cytology for the Diagnosis of Cancer.
Authors: L. J. Sandlow
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 November 1965Comparison of the Tetracycline Fluorescence Test and Cytology for the Diagnosis of Cancer.L. J. Sandlow, M.D., H. Necheles, M.D., Ph.D.L. J. Sandlow, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, H. Necheles, M.D., Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-63-5-909_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn the diagnosis of cancer of the stomach, pancreas, pleural fluid, and ascitic fluid, using the tetracycline fluorescence test, we had had 95% accuracy. Not all investigators have found the test to be of this value.In order to more clearly define the usefulness of this method we are presenting a comparison of the tetracycline test with that of the cytological Papanicolaou technique. Both tests were done independently in different laboratories on material obtained from the same patients.In 200 cases of gastric washings our accuracy was approximately 95%. The accuracy using cytology was lower.In 100 cases of duodenal... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Chicago, Illinois PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1965Volume 63, Issue 5Page: 909-910KeywordsCell biologyPancreasStomachTetracyclines Issue Published: 1 November 1965 PDF DownloadLoading ...
THE VALUE OF INOCULATIONS WITH SEPTIC OR TOXIC AGENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS.Read in the Section on Surgery and Anatomy, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Sau Francisco, June 5-8,1894.
Authors: JOHN A. WYETH
Journal: JAMA (1894)

My first experience with the action of toxic or septic agents upon malignant neoplasms was in 1884. J. W. Phillips, an innkeeper of Gainesville, Texas, at that time (May 20,1884) 33 years of age, was directed to me by Dr. Conson, his home physician. Four months before he had noticed a small lump in the wall of the abdomen on the right side, about four inches above Poupart's ligament, just where he had been struck some weeks previously by the end of a billiard cue. The tumor grew rapidly and enlarged in all directions, but was not painful. In the last few weeks he lost flesh considerably. History of specific urethritis ten years ago and sores on penis six years ago, but no symptoms of constitutional syphilitic infection followed. He had always been a vigorous and healthy subject. When he came under my care the tumor in the wall of
Species differences in the metabolism of benzene.
Authors: R F Henderson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

The pathways of metabolism of benzene appear to be qualitatively similar in all species studied thus far. However, there are quantitative differences in the fraction of benzene metabolized by the different pathways. These species differences become important for risk assessments based on animal data. Mice have a greater overall capacity to metabolize benzene than rats or primates, based on mass balance studies conducted in vivo using radiolabled benzene. Mice and monkeys metabolize more of the benzene to hydroquinone metabolites than do rats or chimpanzees, especially at low doses. Nonhuman primates metabolize less of the benzene to muconic acid than do rodents or humans. In all species studied, a greater proportion of benzene is converted to hydroquinone and ring-breakage metabolites at low doses than at high doses. This finding should be considered in attempting to extrapolate the toxicity of benzene observed at high doses to predicted toxicity at low doses. Because ring-breakage metabolites and hydroquinone have both been implicated in the toxicity of benzene, the higher formation of those metabolites in the mouse may partially explain why mice are more sensitive to benzene than are rats. Metabolism of benzene in humans, the species of interest, does not exactly mimic that of any animal species studied. More information on the urinary and blood metabolites of occupationally exposed people is required to determine the fractional conversion of benzene to putative toxic metabolites and the degree of variability present in human subjects.
γδ T lymphocytes in oriental cutaneous leishmaniasis: occurrence and variable δ gene expression
Authors: M. ALAIBAC, G. CHARMS, K. ZWINGENBKRGER, J. MORRIS, R. YU, A.C. CHU
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

It has been suggested that T lymphocytes expressing gamma delta T-cell receptors could play an important role in defence against some intracellular infectious pathogens. The present study was undertaken to characterize the occurrence and variable delta gene expression of T lymphocytes expressing the gamma delta T-cell receptor in oriental cutaneous leishmaniasis. Eleven cases of oriental cutaneous leishmaniasis were investigated by immunohistological analysis using an alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) technique. In three cases, we observed an increased percentage of gamma delta T cells (about 20% of CD3+ cells). In these cases gamma delta T cells generally expressed the V delta 2 segment, and only rarely the V delta 1 gene product. V delta 2+ cells were predominantly localized in the dermis, and were virtually absent in the epidermal compartment. The rare gamma delta T cells observed in the epidermis were almost exclusively V delta 1+. This study demonstrates that an increase of gamma delta T cells may be found in oriental cutaneous leishmaniasis, although it is not a constant feature of the disease. The finding of a preferential expansion of the V delta 2 subset suggests that this subpopulation of gamma delta T cells might be selectively involved in the recognition of Leishmania antigens. The distinct compartmentalization of gamma delta T-cell subpopulations indicates that these subsets may recognize distinct sets of antigens.
Potent Inhibition of Human Liposarcoma Growth and Survival by Novel Modulators of the MDM2-P53 Interaction
Authors: A.J. Wagner, Y.X. Zhang, E. Sicinska, J.T. Czaplinski, S.P. Remillard, G.D. Demetri, S. Weng, L. Debussche
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Myocardial infarct size and location in relation to the coronary vascular bed at risk in man.
Authors: J T Lee, R E Ideker, K A Reimer
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Recent infarcts were compared with the anatomic boundaries of the involved vascular bed in human hearts to determine the amount and location of necrosis in relation to the myocardium at risk. The coronary arteries were injected with BaSO4 in 18 human hearts with 3-16-day-old infarcts. Thin (3-4 mm) slices were cut at 10-15 mm intervals, photographed, x-rayed and used for histologic analysis. Infarct outlines were traced from gross photographs using histologic confirmation of infarct boundaries, and the vascular bed was independently traced from the x-rays. Ischemic bed size and infarct size were then calculated by computerized planimetry. Infarct size ranged from 13-72% of the left ventricle (mean 30 +/- 3.6%) and was linearly related to the size of the occluded vascular bed (r = 0.93). However, the infarcts were always smaller than the occluded beds. They involved 50-88% of the ischemic bed (mean 69 +/- 3.0%) due to variation in the transmural extent of necrosis. A lateral zone of viable muscle within the ischemic bed was present but was consistently narrow (mean 1.7 +/- 0.3 mm) so that the infarcts involved 93 +/- 2.3% of the width of the bed at risk. Thus, ischemic bed size is a major determinant of infarct size in fatal human infarcts. When natural limitation of infarct size occurs, it is due primarily to limitation of the transmural extent of necrosis.
Mortality in Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome Due to Spontaneous Rupture of Large Arteries
Authors: William McFarland, Dale E. Fuller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

DISSECTING aneurysm of the aorta, although more commonly associated with Marian's syndrome, has been reported in several patients with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome.1 This complication has occurred in young persons and is presumably related to the generalized abnormality of connective tissue in this condition.The present report describes 2 boys with the syndrome who died after spontaneous rupture of large arteries — a popliteal artery in 1 and a subclavian artery in the other.Case ReportsCase 1. E.K., a 12-year-old boy, was renowned locally for the many lacerations and dislocations that he suffered as a result of ordinary trauma. He presented . . .
Ryanodine receptor phosphorylation by oxidized CaMKII contributes to the cardiotoxic effects of cardiac glycosides
Authors: Hsiang Ting Ho, Bin Liu, Jedidiah S. Snyder, Qing Lou, Elizabeth A. Brundage, Florencia Velez-Cortes, Honglan Wang, Mark T. Ziolo, Mark E. Anderson, Chandan K. Sen, Xander H.T. Wehrens, Vadim V. Fedorov, Brandon J. Biesiadecki, Thomas J. Hund, Sándor Györke
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

Recent studies suggest that proarrhythmic effects of cardiac glycosides (CGs) on cardiomyocyte Ca2+ handling involve generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the specific pathway(s) of ROS production and the subsequent downstream molecular events that mediate CG-dependent arrhythmogenesis remain to be defined. We examined the effects of digitoxin (DGT) on Ca2+ handling and ROS production in cardiomyocytes using a combination of pharmacological approaches and genetic mouse models. Myocytes isolated from mice deficient in NADPH oxidase type 2 (NOX2KO) and mice transgenically overexpressing mitochondrial superoxide dismutase displayed markedly increased tolerance to the proarrhythmic action of DGT as manifested by the inhibition of DGT-dependent ROS and spontaneous Ca2+ waves (SCW). Additionally, DGT-induced mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization was abolished in NOX2KO cells. DGT-dependent ROS was suppressed by the inhibition of PI3K, PKC, and the mitochondrial KATP channel, suggesting roles for these proteins, respectively, in activation of NOX2 and in mitochondrial ROS generation. Western blot analysis revealed increased levels of oxidized CaMKII in WT but not in NOX2KO hearts treated with DGT. The DGT-induced increase in SCW frequency was abolished in myocytes isolated from mice in which the Ser 2814 CaMKII phosphorylation site on RyR2 is constitutively inactivated. These results suggest that the arrhythmogenic adverse effects of CGs on Ca2+ handling involve PI3K- and PKC-mediated stimulation of NOX2 and subsequent NOX2-dependent ROS release from the mitochondria; mitochondria-derived ROS then activate CaMKII with consequent phosphorylation of RyR2 at Ser 2814.
Hypertension in Elderly Patients
Authors: William B. Applegate
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Purpose: To synthesize and analyze new information on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of hypertension in the elderly to guide physicians making treatment decisions. Data Identification: An English-language literature search using MEDLINE (1972-1988) and bibliographic reviews of textbooks and review articles. Study Selection: Primary research articles on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of hypertension in the elderly were reviewed. Particular emphasis was placed on large randomized clinical trials. Data Extraction: Study design and quality were assessed, with particular attention to subject selection, sample size, definition of outcome variables, and applicability of the results to management of the elderly hypertensive patient. Results of Data Synthesis: Epidemiologic studies confirm that elevated systolic blood pressure in the elderly is more highly correlated with subsequent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality than is elevation of diastolic blood pressure. Results of several large randomized trials of the treatment of diastolic hypertension in elderly patients indicate that treatment is beneficial, at least up to age 80. For instance, the European Working Party on Hypertension in the Elderly reported that drug treatment resulted in a significant relative reduction (27%) in overall cardiovascular mortality, or an absolute reduction of 29 fewer cardiovascular events per 1000 person-years of treatment. Data from well-designed studies are not available to make a definitive statement about the treatment of isolated systolic hypertension. Conclusion: The cardiovascular risk reduction from treating mild to moderate diastolic hypertension in the elderly is significant, but the magnitude of absolute risk reduction is not so great that treatment should invariably be pursued if serious side effects cannot be avoided.