tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CONTUSIONS OF THE HEART
Authors: CLAUDE S. BECK
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Most wounds of the heart are of the penetrating variety; i.e., they are produced by stabs or bullets that penetrate the heart.<sup>1</sup>However, there is another type of cardiac trauma not produced by penetration of the body, and it is this nonpenetrating type of trauma that I shall discuss. In the past, surprisingly little consideration has been given to this subject. The literature on this subject consists almost entirely of anatomic descriptions of hearts that had ruptured following compression or contusion of the body. Only a few discussions on the clinical manifestations of cardiac contusion could be found, and it would seem that the surgical aspects of the subject have been almost entirely neglected. One is accustomed to look on the heart as an organ that almost always escapes any of the ordinary injuries to which the rest of the body is subjected. The thoracic cage affords what is
The role of protein kinase B and mitogen-activated protein kinase in epidermal growth factor and tumor necrosis factor ?-mediated rat hepatocyte survival and apoptosis
Authors: Ruth A. Roberts, Neil H. James, Sabina C. Cosulich
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Perturbation of hepatocyte growth regulation is associated with a number of liver diseases such as fibrosis and cancer. These diseases are mediated by a network of growth factors and cytokines that regulate the induction of hepatocyte proliferation and apoptosis. In this study, we have investigated the role of signaling pathways activated by tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the regulation of apoptosis induced by transforming growth factor β 1 (TGF-β 1 ), because this physiological factor is believed to regulate spontaneous apoptosis in the liver. We show that pretreatment with (10 ng/mL) EGF or (25 ng/mL) TNF-α can suppress TGF-β 1 -induced apoptosis by 73% and 50%, respectively, in isolated rat hepatocytes. However, suppression of TGF-β 1 -induced apoptosis by EGF and TNF-α occurs via different protein kinase signaling pathways. Using specific inhibitors, we show that suppression of apoptosis by EGF is dependent on activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) and the extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways, but not p38 MAP kinase. In contrast, suppression of TGF-β 1 -induced apoptosis by TNF-α does not require PI 3-kinase and protein kinase B (PKB or Akt)-mediated pathways, but is dependent on ERK and p38 MAP kinase activity. These data contribute to our understanding of the intracellular survival signals that play a role in normal liver homeostasis and in diverse pathological conditions.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DEVELOPMENT OF PROLONGED QRS DURATION OVER 20 YEARS IN HEALTHY YOUNG ADULTS: THE CORONARY ARTERY RISK DEVELOPMENT IN YOUNG ADULTS (CARDIA) STUDY
Authors: Leonard Ilkhanoff, Elsayed Z. Soliman, Hongyan Ning, Kiang Liu, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
DEATH FROM THE BITE OF A CAT
Authors: G. Allen
Journal: BMJ (1853)

OPERATION SUCCESSFULLY PERFORMED.Mary I-n, aged two years and a half, apparently a healthy and well-formed girl, was brought to me, her parents being desirous to ascertain if anything could be done to relieve a disgusting defect, which had existed from birth.They stated that there was no anus, and that she had passed all her fices through the vagina.An examination disclosed neither aperture nor depression where the anus should have been.Upon making further inquiry, I found that every second or third day she became restless and uneasy, and that she en- deavoured to make them understand that she suffered pain in the lower or pelvic region.This state generally con- tinued for an hour or two, when it was relieved by a copious discharge of fBeculent matter from the vagina.The faeces were rarely liquid, their consisteuce being firm and about olle-twelfth of an inch in diameter, or about the thickness of ordinary packthread.These deposits had a very curious appearance, the motions being at least two or three yards in length, and much resembling heaps of worms.After each evacuation she became perfectly well for two or three days, and seemed to enjoy excellent health and spirits.Upon a careful examination of the vagina by means of a probe, I found at its further extremity a canal, evidently communicating with the rectum; and from the horizontal direction of the probe, I inferred that the communication was very near to the normal termination of the guts, and that probably the only defect was a closure of the natural outlet.I recommended an operation; and was then in- formned that several medical men had seen her previously, and that they had advised that the case should not be in- terfered with, as an operation might be dangerous and the result uncertain.Notwithstanding this, I still gave it as my opinion that the operation, if carefully performed, would not beattended with much danger; and that the result would most probably be favourable.In consequence the parents resolved that the child should be submitted to the operation, which was performed a few days after.The little patient was placed near the edge of a table ,
ACUTE POLIOMYELITIS WITH AN ISOLATED PALATINE PARALYSIS
Authors: Joseph C. Regan
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The occurrence of an isolated palatine paralysis as the only paralytic manifestation of an attack of acute poliomyelitis is rare. Literature contains only one reference to a similar instance, as observed by Ivan Wickman<sup>1</sup>and recorded in his classic monograph. The details of the symptomatology are not given. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3><h3>History.</h3> —A girl, aged 3½ years, admitted to the Kingston Avenue Hospital, Oct. 4, 1921, had had influenza, measles and whooping cough in the past three years. The family history was irrelevant. A tonsillectomy had been performed, September 15, but she recovered well from the operation and was not observed to have any signs of difficulty in swallowing or of regurgitation through the nose until the onset of the present illness. September 29, five days before admission, the patient complained of headache. On the following day, she had difficulty in swallowing liquids and her
Bacterial Endocarditis and Right Atrial Vegetation
Authors: Eric J. Eichhorn, William L. Winters, E. Stanley Crawford, Daniel M. Musher, John W. Middleton, Robert A. Hettig
Journal: JAMA (1981)

PACEMAKER-induced endocarditis has traditionally been diagnosed by clinical suspicion and positive blood cultures. The present case shows that echocardiographic techniques can be used to record right-sided vegetation owing to endocarditis induced by an atrioventricular pacemaker.  Report of a Case  A 62-year-old man with an indwelling pacemaker was hospitalized for cyclic episodes of fever. Eight years previously he had suffered a myocardial infarction, and five years before this admission a permanent transvenous pacemaker electrode had been inserted into the right ventricle. His pacemaker generator was changed 18 months before admission, but had required no further attention. On admission the patient denied dyspnea or chest pain and gave no history of recent dental extractions, skin infections, or instrumentation. He had lost almost 16 kg in the year before admission. His blood pressure was 114/48 mm Hg, his pulse rate was 80 beats per minute, and his temperature was 37 °C. Conjunctivae and
Abortion and the NHS: the first decade.
Authors: R Greenham, P M Jones, R J Postlethwaite, J M Savage
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Retroperitoneal fibrosis after treatment with atenolol SIR,-The report from Belfast City Hospital (23-30 December, p 1786) implying that atenolol may have been the cause of retroperitoneal fibrosis in a 68-year-old woman deserves comment.There are several reasons for supposing that the suspicion of a cause- and-effect relationship is not well founded.The authors state that this case was reported "because of the established relationship between the earlier beta-blocker practolol and similar types of sclerosing fibroblastic reaction."However, in more than 200 cases of
Gene rearrangement: a novel mechanism for MDR-1 gene activation.
Authors: L A Mickley, B A Spengler, T A Knutsen, J L Biedler, T Fojo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Drug resistance, a major obstacle to cancer chemotherapy, can be mediated by MDR-1/P-glycoprotein. Deletion of the first 68 residues of MDR-1 in an adriamycin-selected cell line after a 4;7 translocation, t(4q;7q), resulted in a hybrid mRNA containing sequences from both MDR-1 and a novel chromosome 4 gene. Further selection resulted in amplification of a hybrid gene. Expression of the hybrid mRNA was controlled by the chromosome 4 gene, providing a model for overexpression of MDR-1. Additional hybrid mRNAs in other drug-selected cell lines and in patients with refractory leukemia, with MDR-1 juxtaposed 3' to an active gene, establishes random chromosomal rearrangements with overexpression of hybrid MDR-1 mRNAs as a mechanism of acquired drug resistance.
Inhomogeneous Bone Marrow Uptake Caused by G-CSF Mimics Multiple Bone Metastases on FDG-PET
Authors: Yuji Nakamoto, Tsuyoshi Suga, Tadashi Hara, Koichi Ishizu, Kaori Togashi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

Administration of granulocyte colony stimulating factor can cause homogeneous hypermetabolic activity of bone marrow in positron emission tomography using F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose. We report a case in which positron emission tomography demonstrated multiple foci of hypermetabolic activity in the bone marrow, which was considered an early effect of granulocyte colony stimulating factor, and not multiple osseous metastases.
195 LONG-TERM OUTCOME OF LIVER TRANSPLANTATION FOR HEPATITIS B WITH ANTI-HBC POSITIVE GRAFTS
Authors: M. Garcîa-Eliz, A. Rubín, V. Aguilera, M. Berenguer, N. Jimenez, F. San Juan, E. Pareja, R. López-Andujar, M. Prieto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Effect of polybrominated biphenyls on adenylate cyclase activity in rat lung alveoli.
Authors: K S Sidhu, A M Michelakis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

The in vitro effect of polybrominated biphenyls (FireMaster BP-6) on adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] activity in plasma membranes of rat lung alveoli was determined. Two fractions of plasma membranes, PM-I (approximate d = 1.13 g/cm3) and PM-II (approximate d = 1.16 g/cm3) were isolated under hypotonic homogenization and fractionation conditions (1mM NaHCO3, 5mM dithiothreitol, pH 7.5) by using differential centrifugation and nonlinear sucrose gradient centrifugation techniques. Polybrominated biphenyls (10 microgram/ml) dissolved in ethyl acetate (0.25%) stimulated basal adenylate cyclase activity of plasma membranes by 2.1 to 2.5-fold. The implication of this observation is discussed.
Effect of Exercise on Electrocardiograms of Patients with Low Serum Potassium
Authors: A. J. GEORGOPOULOS, W. L. PROUDFIT, IRVINE H. PAGE
Journal: Circulation (1961)

Twelve adult patients (10 hypertensive and two normotensive) with low serum potassium levels but without electrocardiographic signs diagnostic of hypokalemia were subjected to nonstrenuous exercise. Electrocardiographic signs of hypokalemia appeared following exercise in all but the two hypertensive patients receiving digitalis. The severity of the changes and the duration correlated with the degree of hypokalemia present prior to exercise. The results were similar in the normotensive and hypertensive patients and in those made chronically or acutely hypokalemic. Following potassium repletion, exercise did not produce electrocardiographic changes of hypokalemia. The frequency with which S-T segment and T-wave changes occurred following exercise during potassium depletion suggested that hypokalemia can introduce an error in interpreting results of exercise tolerance tests in patients receiving thiazide compounds, when serum potassium is at the low normal or borderline level. These results may reflect intracellular myocardial potassium depletion brought on by exercise.
Treatment of Keloids With Triamcinolone Acetonide Injected Intralesionally
Authors: Henry C. Maguire
Journal: JAMA (1965)

ATROPHY is a well-documented dosage-dependent side effect of the injection of repository corticosteroids into skin.<sup>1,2</sup>However, like certain noxious by-products of chemical manufacture, side effects of drugs in the exceptional circumstance may have their own virtue and be deliberately sought after. For repository corticosteroids, keloids are such an instance. We have recently treated a young girl with multiple, large, ugly keloids, using massive amounts of corticosteroid injected intralesionally. The response was dramatic. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 9-year-old, Negro girl was first seen in the Dermatology Clinic of the University Hospital, June 1961. In January 1954, she was burned on the lower face, neck, and shoulders by hot grease spilled from a kitchen stove. The patient was treated at that time with antibotics and wound dressings; she made an uneventful recovery. In the succeeding months, however, keloids developed at a number of the healing sites. In April 1956, the
Adeno-Associated virus-mediated microdystrophin expression protects young mdx muscle from contraction-induced injury
Authors: Mingju Liu, Yongping Yue, Scott Q. Harper, Robert W. Grange, Jeffrey S. Chamberlain, Dongsheng Duan
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common inherited lethal muscle degenerative disease. Currently there is no cure. Highly abbreviated microdystrophin cDNAs were developed recently for adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated DMD gene therapy. Among these, a C-terminal-truncated DeltaR4-R23/DeltaC microgene (DeltaR4/DeltaC) has been considered as a very promising therapeutic candidate gene. In this study, we packaged a CMV.DeltaR4/DeltaC cassette in AAV-5 and evaluated the transduction and muscle contractile profiles in the extensor digitorum longus muscles of young (7-week-old) and adult (9-month-old) mdx mice. At approximately 3 months post-gene transfer, 50-60% of the total myofibers were transduced in young mdx muscle and the percentage of centrally nucleated myofibers was reduced from approximately 70% in untreated mdx muscle to approximately 22% in microdystrophin-treated muscle. Importantly, this level of transduction protected mdx muscle from eccentric contraction-induced damage. In contrast, adult mdx muscle was more resistant to AAV-5 transduction, as only approximately 30% of the myofibers were transduced at 3 months postinfection. This transduction yielded marginal protection against eccentric contraction-induced injury. The extent of central nucleation was also more difficult to reverse in adult mdx muscle (from approximately 83% in untreated to approximately 58% in treated). Finally, we determined that the DeltaR4/DeltaC microdystrophin did not significantly alter the expression pattern of the endogenous full-length dystrophin in normal muscle. Neither did it have any adverse effects on normal muscle morphology or contractility. Taken together, our results suggest that AAV-mediated DeltaR4/DeltaC microdystrophin expression represents a promising approach to rescue muscular dystrophy in young mdx skeletal muscle.
Suicide among farmers provokes government action
Authors: L Dillner
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The high rate of suicide among farmers in Britain has prompted the Department of Health to fund an investigation into stress in rural areas. Farmers are nearly twice as likely to kill themselves as the average person, and figures from the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys show that farming has the fourth highest suicide rate of all occupations. Only vets, pharmacists, and dentists have higher rates.

According to the Samaritans, suicide is the second most common cause of death among farmers - accidents are the first. “We have been concerned about farmers for some time and have formed …
Tc-99m Pertechnetate Scrotal Imaging of an Inguinal Hernia Simulating Testicular Inflammation
Authors: RONALD M. SOKOLOFF, ALAN D. WAXMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

A patient with severe scrotal pain presented to the emergency room with a high degree of suspicion for testicular torsion. Pertechnetate imaging showed increased activity in this area, suggesting ipsilateral inflammation or contralateral torsion. The pain subsided promptly after reduction of an inguinal hernia in the emergency department.
Pharmacologic Advances in the Treatment of Schizophrenia
Authors: Samuel J. Keith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Although medications have dramatically improved the lives of many people with schizophrenia, treatment resistance remains a serious problem. Three quarters of patients with schizophrenia become ill before the age of 25. The manifestations of the disease include two types of symptoms — “positive” and “negative.” Positive symptoms are distortions of normal functioning. Distortion of perceptions may appear as hallucinations; distortion of inferential thinking may lead to delusions. Negative symptoms involve the loss of normal functioning — the loss of will, range of affect, pleasure, and fluency and content of speech. The intensity of these symptoms and the residual disability they . . .
Inhibition of sphingosine kinase 2 downregulates the expression of c-Myc and Mcl-1 and induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma
Authors: Jagadish Kummetha Venkata, Ningfei An, Robert Stuart, Luciano J. Costa, Houjian Cai, Woodrow Coker, Jin H. Song, Kiwana Gibbs, Terri Matson, Elizabeth Garrett-Mayer, Zhuang Wan, Besim Ogretmen, Charles Smith, Yubin Kang
Journal: Blood (2014)
The World Health Organization Network for Radiation Emergency Medical Preparedness and Assistance (REMPAN).
Authors: G Souchkevitch
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

The World Health Organization (WHO) has established a system of collaborating centers known as the Radiation Emergency Medical Preparedness and Assistance Network (REMPAN) to promote radiation emergency medical preparedness, assistance, and advice to countries in cases of overexposure of populations from any source of radiation. This network consists of 13 specialized institutions located in 10 countries. Within the REMPAN there are three separate but linked activities. The first is aimed at strengthening radiation emergency medical preparedness and assistance to treat and monitor acutely exposed individuals. The second activity is directed toward improving public health advice to mitigate long-term effects of exposure to low and protracted doses that might accrue in populations living in the affected territories. This involves giving advice on protecting public health, e.g., iodine prophylaxis, psychosocial risks associated with countermeasures, and public information strategies. In addition, the REMPAN develops activities aimed at improving long-term follow-up studies and preparedness for epidemiologic investigations in territories contaminated by radionuclides from a nuclear accident. The WHO's response in a radiation emergency depends on the type of accident and its time phase. This includes a wide range of actions from studying the situation to providing medical and public health assistance through the network of collaborating centers and relevant institutions within the REMPAN. The process of creating a reliable international system for radiation emergency medical preparedness and assistance has not yet been completed. Deficiencies in this system are outlined in this paper to attract the attention of specialists in the field of radiation protection and potential donors of the WHO program.
C-Reactive Protein Increases Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Expression and Activity in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells
Authors: Sridevi Devaraj, Dan Yan Xu, Ishwarlal Jialal
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Inflammation plays a pivotal role in atherosclerosis. In addition to being a risk marker for cardiovascular disease, much recent data suggest that C-reactive protein (CRP) promotes atherogenesis via effects on monocytes and endothelial cells. The metabolic syndrome is associated with significantly elevated levels of CRP. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a marker of atherothrombosis, is also elevated in the metabolic syndrome and in diabetes, and endothelial cells are the major source of PAI-1. However, there are no studies examining the effect of CRP on PAI-1 in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Methods and Results— Incubation of HAECs with CRP results in a time- and dose-dependent increase in secreted PAI-1 antigen, PAI-1 activity, intracellular PAI-1 protein, and PAI-1 mRNA. CRP stabilizes PAI-1 mRNA. Inhibitors of endothelial NO synthase, blocking antibodies to interleukin-6 and an endothelin-1 receptor blocker, fail to attenuate the effect of CRP on PAI-1. CRP additionally increased PAI-1 under hyperglycemic conditions. Conclusions— This study makes the novel observation that CRP induces PAI-1 expression and activity in HAECs and thus has implications for both the metabolic syndrome and atherothrombosis. (Circulation. 2003;107:398-404.)
Irreversible Acute Oliguric Renal Failure
Authors: Norman K. Hollenberg, Franklin D. McDonald, Ramzi Cotran, Eleonora G. Galvanek, Michael Warhol, Leroy D. Vandam, John P. Merrill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

IN three patients extremely prolonged renal failure developed after exposure to methoxyflurane (Penthrane). Their course and biopsy findings were unusual and similar enough to suggest a distinct syndrome. Renal failure persisted for several months to over a year on dialysis despite the absence of cortical necrosis. A number of renal abnormalities, ranging from an unusual diuresis to acute renal failure, are well documented as complications of methoxyflurane.1 Prolonged, acute renal failure has also been suggested,2 but this unusual – and extremely important – complication has not been documented in detail.Case ReportsCase 1 (PBBH 9–67–09). A 53-year-old man was . . .
Sickle erythrocyte adherence to endothelium at low shear: Role of shear stress in propagation of vaso‐occlusion
Authors: Richard A.O. Montes, James R. Eckman, Lewis L. Hsu, Timothy M. Wick
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract Under venular flow conditions, sickle cell adherence to endothelium is mediated by cell adhesion molecules and adhesive proteins associated with inflammation, coagulation, and endothelial perturbation. Periodic and reduced blood flow are observed in sickle microcirculation during hematologic steady state, suggesting that blood flow is compromised in sickle microcirculation. We tested the hypothesis that low blood flow enhances adherence by quantifying sickle cell adhesion to endothelium under venular flow (1.0 dyne/cm 2 shear stress) and low flow (0.1 dyne/cm 2 shear stress), with and without addition of adhesion promoting agonists. Under low flow, sickle cell adherence to endothelium increases with contact time in the absence of endothelial activation or adhesive protein addition. In contrast, at venular shear stress, sickle cell adherence only occurs following endothelial activation with TNF‐α or addition of thrombospondin. Analysis of these data with a mathematical model reveals that at low flow adherence is “transport‐controlled,” meaning that contact time between sickle cells and endothelium is a more important determinant of adherence than high‐affinity receptor–ligand interactions. Low‐affinity interactions are sufficient for adhesion at low flow. In contrast, at venular flow (1 dyne/cm 2 shear stress) adherence is “affinity‐controlled,” meaning that adherence requires induction of specific high‐affinity receptor–ligand interactions. These findings demonstrate that in addition to activating factors and adherence proteins, microvascular shear stress is an important determinant of sickle cell adhesion to endothelium. This suggests that in vivo, erythrostasis is an important determinant of adhesion that can act either independently or concurrently with ongoing acute events to induce adhesive interactions and vaso‐occlusion. Am. J. Hematol. 70:216–227, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.