tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mitogenic analysis of murine B-cell heterogeneity.
Authors: C Bona, A Yano, A Dimitriu, R G Miller
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

The B-cell mitogens lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Nocardia water-soluble mitogen (NWSM), and dextran sulfate (DxS) react with different subpopulations of B lymphocytes. Selective in vitro killing of cells responding to either LPS or NWSM has little effect on the in vitro response to the other mitogen, although the response to DxS is reduced in both cases. If, after selective in vitro killing, cells are injected into irradiated mice for 2-3 wk before measuring their in vitro mitogen responses, the same specificity pattern is seen. Thus, one is dealing with different B-cell subpopulations rather than different stages of maturation of a single population. Treatment with various alloantisera and complement before measuring the mitogen response to LPS and NWSM shows that (a) whereas all LPS response cells carry surface Ig, a subpopulation of NWSM responsive cells does not; (b) both LPS- and NWSM-responsive cells carry I-A antigens but might not I-E or I-J antigens; (c) all LPS-responsive cells carry I-C antigens, whereas approximately 25% of NWSM responsive cells do not: (d) there is a subpopulation of NWSM-responsive cells carrying neither surface Ig nor I-C antigens and resistant to anti-theta treatment.
HERNIA OF THE STOMACH THROUGH THE ESOPHAGEAL ORIFICE OF THE DIAPHRAGM
Authors: MAX RITVO
Journal: JAMA (1930)

An "esophageal orifice hernia," as the term is used throughout this article, is a protrusion of a portion of the fundus of the stomach through the esophageal opening of the diaphragm into the thorax. This condition was formerly considered very rare and of but slight clinical significance. Thus, in 1911, Eppinger<sup>1</sup>summarized the literature on diaphragmatic hernia and reported that of 635 cases of herniation through various portions of the diaphragm, only eleven involved the esophageal hiatus. Quénu in 1920<sup>2</sup>found only one esophageal orifice hernia in a series of 116 cases which had come to operation. Breitner<sup>3</sup>stated that, of the large number of diaphragmatic hernias reported up to 1921, only forty-four had been diagnosed during the life of the patient, and in only six of these was the diagnosis made without the aid of the x-rays. These studies were carried out before the roentgen examination
Localization of a domain in the FimH adhesin of Escherichia coli type 1 fimbriae capable of receptor recognition and use of a domain-specific antibody to confer protection against experimental urinary tract infection.
Authors: K Thankavel, B Madison, T Ikeda, R Malaviya, A H Shah, P M Arumugam, S N Abraham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

The FimH subunit of type 1-fimbriated Escherichia coli has been implicated as an important determinant of bacterial adherence and colonization of the urinary tract. Here, we sought to localize the functionally important domain(s) within the FimH molecule and to determine if antibodies against this domain would block adherence of type 1-fimbriated E. coli to the bladder mucosa in situ and in vivo in an established mouse model of cystitis. We generated translational fusion proteins of disparate regions of the FimH molecule with an affinity tag MalE, and tested each of the fusion products in vitro for functional activity. The minimum region responsible for binding mouse bladder epithelial cells and a soluble mannoprotein, horseradish peroxidase, was contained within residues 1-100 of the FimH molecule. We validated and extended these findings by demonstrating that antibodies directed at the putative binding region of FimH or at synthetic peptides corresponding to epitopes within the binding domain could specifically block type 1 fimbriae-mediated bacterial adherence to bladder epithelial cells in situ and yeast cells in vitro. Next, we compared the ability of mice passively immunized intraperitoneally with antisera raised against residues 1-25 and 253-264 of FimH or 1-13 of FimA to resist bladder colonization in vivo after intravesicular challenge with type 1-fimbriated E. coli. Only the antibody directed at the putative binding region of FimH (anti- s-FimH1-25) significantly reduced E. coli bladder infections in the experimental mouse model of urinary tract infections. Similar results were obtained when the mice were actively immunized with synthetic peptides corresponding to residues 1-25 and 253-264 of FimH or 1-13 of FimA. The mechanism of protection was attributed, at least in part, to inhibition of bacterial adherence to the bladder surface by s-FimH1-25-specific antibody molecules that had filtered through the kidneys into the urine. The level of FimH antibodies entering the bladder from the circulatory system of the immunized mice was found to be markedly enhanced upon bacterial challenge. The potential broad spectrum activity of the protective FimH antibody was indicated from its serologic cross-reactivity with various urinary tract bacterial isolates bearing type 1 fimbriae. These findings could be relevant in the design of an efficacious and broadly reactive FimH vaccine against urinary tract infections.
Transplantable myeloproliferative disease induced in mice by an interleukin 6 retrovirus.
Authors: R G Hawley, A Z Fong, B F Burns, T S Hawley
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Lethally irradiated mice transplanted with bone marrow cells infected with a novel recombinant retrovirus (murine stem cell virus-interleukin 6 [MSCV-IL-6]) bearing a mouse IL-6 gene developed a fatal myeloproliferative disease within 4 wk of engraftment. The hematologic manifestations of the syndrome included elevated peripheral leukocyte counts (up to 430 x 10(3) cells/mm3) with a predominance of neutrophilic granulocytes, microcytic anemia, and thrombocytosis or thrombocytopenia. The mice showed extensive neutrophil infiltration of the lungs, liver, and occasionally lymph nodes, plus splenomegaly resulting from enhanced splenic myelopoiesis (30-60-fold increase in progenitor numbers). Despite the chronic stimulation of neutrophil excess by IL-6, bone marrow from affected mice was capable of repopulating the hematopoietic tissues (bone marrow and spleen) of lethally irradiated hosts during repeated serial transplantation. In the longest documented case, the progeny of a single MSCV-IL-6-marked cell transferred the myeloproliferative disease to two secondary, four tertiary, and two quaternary recipients (the clone endured for a total of 72 wk). These results, demonstrating considerable proliferative longevity of the IL-6-producing cells, support an in vivo role of IL-6 in the maintenance of hematopoietic precursors. Dysregulated IL-6 production also had significant systemic effects. The mice displayed increased mesangial cell proliferation in the kidney, frequent liver abnormalities, and marked alterations in plasma protein levels. Unlike previous studies where constitutive expression of exogenous IL-6 genes resulted in lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by massive plasmacytosis, minimal plasma cell expansion occurred in the MSCV-IL-6 mice during the observation period. Potential explanations for the differences in disease phenotypes observed in the present and previous studies are different cell types expressing the exogenous IL-6 genes, higher sustained circulating levels of IL-6 achieved using the MSCV-IL-6 retroviral delivery system, and/or the premature death (3-15 wk after transplantation) of the MSCV-IL-6 mice before the onset of plasmacytosis. This animal model should prove useful for further investigation of the function of IL-6 in normal and abnormal hematopoiesis and in inflammatory responses.
Pericentromeric Instability and Spontaneous Emergence of Human Neoacrocentric and Minute Chromosomes in the Alternative Pathway of Telomere Lengthening
Authors: Sarantis Gagos, Maria Chiourea, Agni Christodoulidou, Eftichia Apostolou, Christina Raftopoulou, Samuel Deustch, Charles-Edward Jefford, Irmgard Irminger-Finger, Jerry W. Shay, Stylianos E. Antonarakis
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract In the alternative pathway of telomere lengthening (ALT), neoplastic cell growth is prolonged by telomere recombination. We show that ALT is unexpectedly characterized by high rates of ongoing pericentromeric chromosomal instability. Combined with telomeric recombination, ALT pericentromeric instability generates neoacrocentric chromosomes. In the present studies, we describe a subgroup of ALT neoacrocentric minute chromosomes, composed of DNA entities two to five times smaller in size than human chromosome 21. The frequencies of ALT minute chromosomes were increased by γ-irradiation and suppressed by telomerase. Continuous growth after telomerase inhibition/depletion was followed by increased rates of telomeric sister chromatid recombination and the emergence of minute chromosomes. We show that ALT minute chromosomes were derived from true centromeric fissions and/or chromosomal breakage/fusion/bridge cycles. They exhibit a two-chromatid structure, carry genomic DNA, centromeric and telomeric repeats, and display regular mitotic functionality. These observations are important in understanding the global genomic instability that characterizes most human advanced malignancies. [Cancer Res 2008;68(19):8146–55]
PNEUMONIA SIMULATING APPENDICITIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: PAUL A. WHITE
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Some recent experiences in the Iowa State Soldiers' Orphans' Home Hospital have emphasized the necessity of keeping in mind the variations in the mode of onset and symptoms that may be exhibited by acute pneumonia. The possibility of its simulating acute appendicitis with the usual syndrome of vomiting, abdominal pain, rigidity and tenderness must be remembered. The difficulties in diagnosis are enhanced in children because they usually do not note the sequence of symptoms, and often exaggerate or understate their severity. Children are often repressed during examination, and respond in the manner they consider is desired rather than in accord with the facts with respect to duration, extent or localization of symptoms. When the child is frightened and cries continuously, the subjective side of the picture is lacking entirely. Sometimes a hiatus in observation between matron, nurse and physician adds to the difficulty. The importance of considering pneumonia as a
Propranolol for the prevention of recurrent variceal hemorrhage: A controlled trial
Authors: Jean-Pierre Villeneuve, Gilles Pomier-Layrargues, Claire Infante-Rivard, Bernard Willems, Michel P. Huet, Denis Marleau, André Viallet
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

We conducted a prospective, randomized single-blind trial of propranolol for the prevention of recurrent variceal bleeding. Seventy-nine patients shown to have variceal hemorrhage at endoscopy were included in the study within 72 hr following diagnosis. Fifty-seven patients had alcoholic cirrhosis, 10 cryptogenic cirrhosis, 6 posthepatitic cirrhosis, 4 biliary cirrhosis, 1 portal vein thrombosis without cirrhosis and 1 idiopathic portal hypertension. The severity of liver disease at inclusion was assessed according to the Pugh modification of the Child-Turcotte classification: 9 (11%) had Class A; 41 (52%) Class B and 29 (37%) Class C disease. Patients were randomly assigned by sealed envelope to the propranolol group (42 patients) or the placebo group (37 patients). Propranolol dosage was titrated in order to produce plasma concentrations of propranolol of 50 to 150 ng per ml. β-blockade was also confirmed by isoproterenol testing. The cumulative percentages of patients free of rebleeding 1 and 2 years after inclusion were 31 and 21% in the propranolol group, and 25 and 17% in the placebo group; both differences were not significant. Cumulative 1 and 2 years survival were also comparable: 64 and 54% in the propranolol group vs. 70 and 63% in the placebo group. There was no evidence for a therapeutic effect of propranolol after adjusting for potential confounding variables by multiple logistic regression. We conclude that propranolol is not effective for the prevention of variceal rebleeding, when administered early following the initial bleed, in cirrhotics unselected with respect to the severity of the liver disease.
WHO to push for swift implementation of tobacco accord
Authors: F. Fleck
Journal: BMJ (2003)

After four years of talk the World Health Organization has adopted a landmark accord to curb deaths and disease from tobacco use but faces an uphill task in ensuring that, to be effective, it is ratified by the 40 signatory states.

   ![][1] 

Dr Jong Wook Lee, incoming director, WHO (see News Extra) 

LAURENT GILLIERON/A P KEYSTONE

The framework convention on tobacco control envisages larger health warnings on cigarette packs, tougher laws on tobacco smuggling, new …

 [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Cholestasis in a patient with gallstones and a normal gamma-glutamyl transferase
Authors: Sheida Moghadamrad, Matteo Montani, Rosemarie Weimann, Andrea De Gottardi
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Cholestasis with normal gamma glutamyl transferase characterizes functional deficiencies in the gene ABCB11, which encodes the bile salt export pump (BSEP), a liver-specific adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette transporter. Here we report the case of a patient presenting with features of benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis associated with a heterozygous mutation in the ABCB11 gene. Immunohistochemistry showed a gradual decrease of BSEP from zone 1 to zone 3 of the liver lobule, suggesting that the mutation identified here may predispose patients to cholestasis through a delocalization process of BSEP at the lobular level. (HEPATOLOGY 2013;57:2539-2541).
Two Additional Implications of an HIV Nucleic Acid Testing Program With Automated Internet and Voicemail Systems to Deliver Results
Authors: Sheldon R. Morris
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Letters19 October 2010Two Additional Implications of an HIV Nucleic Acid Testing Program With Automated Internet and Voicemail Systems to Deliver ResultsSheldon R. Morris, MDSheldon R. Morris, MDFrom University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92301.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-8-201010190-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Armbruster highlights that the rate of incidence of HIV at San Diego HIV testing sites in our study are higher than estimates for general population of MSM in the United States and that the number of acute infections are disproportionate to the expected number. These numbers would suggest that individuals seeking HIV testing are at higher risk and may be responding to recent risk behaviors where they are concerned that they may have been exposed to HIV. During the study, we gathered some limited data in 2007 on whether testers reported any symptoms compatible with early HIV ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Sheldon R. Morris, MDAffiliations: From University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92301.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoEvaluation of an HIV Nucleic Acid Testing Program With Automated Internet and Voicemail Systems to Deliver Results Sheldon R. Morris , Susan J. Little , Terry Cunningham , Richard S. Garfein , Douglas D. Richman , and Davey M. Smith Two Additional Implications of an HIV Nucleic Acid Testing Program With Automated Internet and Voicemail Systems to Deliver Results Benjamin Armbruster Metrics 19 October 2010Volume 153, Issue 8Page: 549KeywordsBehaviorConflicts of interestHIVHIV infectionsInternetMale male sexual contactNucleic acids ePublished: 19 October 2010 Issue Published: 19 October 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Sulphasalazine inhibition of human granulocyte activation by inhibition of second messenger compounds.
Authors: G Carlin, R Djursater, G Smedegard
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

The effects of sulphasalazine on the production of second messenger compounds in human granulocytes have been characterised by various stimuli. The increases in cytosolic calcium, inositol trisphosphate, diacylglycerol, and phosphatidic acid (all important mediators of intracellular signal transduction) triggered by stimulation were inhibited by sulphasalazine. The metabolites 5-amino-salicylic acid and sulphapyridine were less potent inhibitors than the mother compound. It is concluded that sulphasalazine inhibits the synthesis of phosphoinositide derived second messenger compounds at the level of phospholipase C or its regulatory guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) binding protein. Inhibition of phosphatidic acid synthesis was either due to the same mechanism, or to interaction with a phospholipase D regulating GTP binding protein.
Leukocyte Integrin Mac-1 Promotes Acute Cardiac Allograft Rejection
Authors: Koichi Shimizu, Peter Libby, Rica Shubiki, Masashi Sakuma, Yunmei Wang, Kenichi Asano, Richard N. Mitchell, Daniel I. Simon
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— In allograft rejection, recipient leukocytes and alloantibodies first target donor endothelial cells. Although the leukocyte integrin Mac-1 (α Mβ2 , CD11b/CD18) facilitates cell–cell interactions among leukocytes and interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells or platelets, its role in allograft survival and vasculopathy is incompletely defined. Methods and Results— This study examined parenchymal rejection and graft arterial disease after total allomismatched cardiac transplantation (BALB/c donor heart and B6 recipients) in wild-type (WT) and Mac-1-deficient (Mac-1 −/− ) recipients. Recipient Mac-1 deficiency attenuated parenchymal rejection and significantly prolonged cardiac allograft survival from 8.3±1.3 days in WT recipient allografts (n=18) to 13.8±2.3 days in Mac-1 −/− recipient allografts (n=6; P &lt;0.0001). Accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages significantly decreased in Mac-1 −/− compared with WT recipients. Adoptive transfer of WT but not Mac-1 −/− macrophages to Mac-1 −/− recipients exacerbated parenchymal rejection and reduced allograft survival; in contrast, adoptive transfer of WT neutrophils did not affect graft survival. Mac-1 −/− macrophages expressed significantly lower levels of costimulatory molecules both in vivo and in vitro, and mixed lymphocyte reaction using alloantigen-primed Mac-1 −/− macrophages resulted in significantly lower antigen-presenting function than for WT macrophages. Tumor necrosis factor-α production also fell in cultures with Mac-1 −/− macrophages. Despite attenuation of acute rejection, recipient Mac-1-deficiency did not prevent late graft arterial disease. Conclusions— These studies demonstrate critical participation of Mac-1 in alloresponses during cellular allograft rejection. These observations establish a molecular target for modulating recipient responses to prolong graft survival.
Effects of intravenous urokinase versus alteplase on total pulmonary resistance in acute massive pulmonary embolism: A European multicenter double-blind trial
Authors: Guy Meyer, Hervé Sors, Bernard Charbonnier, Wolfgang Kasper, Jean-Pierre Bassand, Ian H Kerr, Emmanuel Lesaffre, Philippe Vanhove, Marc Verstraete
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1992)
What Genome-wide Association Studies Can Do for Medicine
Authors: Kaare Christensen, Jeffrey C. Murray
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

As researchers have explored the environmental and inherited causes of common diseases, they have often amassed clinical and laboratory data collected from people with common complex disorders. Many have also collected biologic material, including DNA. These resources represent an essential component for ferreting out genes relevant to disease with the use of the genome-wide association study. This method entails the matching of a given human genome sequence with an annotated, high-resolution map of common genetic variation; it benefits from a large collection of DNA samples obtained from a population whose clinical characteristics are well defined, as well as cost-effective genotyping . . .
Points from Letters: Review Body Report
Authors: N. A. Shirlaw
Journal: BMJ (1974)

some extent those retiring between 1969 and 1972 will be given less than their olleagues who retired after 24 March 1972.This means that there has to be for them a different formula from that for general practitioners retiring after 24 March 1972 and it is on this that there have been some-what protracted negotiations with the De- partment.We have certainly put every pressure on the Department to expedite matters and we hope that with the help of our professional expert advisers we -may be able to reach an early settlement."-ED.,
LAD Coronary Artery Myocardial Bridging and Apical Ballooning Syndrome
Authors: Federico Migliore, Erica Maffei, Martina Perazzolo Marra, Claudio Bilato, Massimo Napodano, Francesco Corbetti, Alessandro Zorzi, Anto Luigi Andres, Cristiano Sarais, Luisa Cacciavillani, Enrico Favaretto, Chiara Martini, Sara Seitun, Filippo Cademartiri, Domenico Corrado, Sabino Iliceto, Giuseppe Tarantini
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2013)
Site-specific targeting of antibody activity in vivo mediated by disease-associated proteases
Authors: Oran Erster, Jerry M. Thomas, Juliana Hamzah, Abeer M. Jabaiah, Jennifer A. Getz, Tobias D. Schoep, Sejal S. Hall, Erkki Ruoslahti, Patrick S. Daugherty
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)
Off-clamp Robot-assisted Partial Nephrectomy Preserves Renal Function: A Multi-institutional Propensity Score Analysis
Authors: Bartosz F. Kaczmarek, Youssef S. Tanagho, Shahab P. Hillyer, Jeffrey K. Mullins, Mireya Diaz, Quoc-Dien Trinh, Sam B. Bhayani, Mohamad E. Allaf, Michael D. Stifelman, Jihad H. Kaouk, Craig G. Rogers
Journal: European Urology (2012)