tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE ABSORPTION OF VITAMIN A IN TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: B. B. BREESE
Journal: JAMA (1942)

In studies on man relating to vitamin A, reduced ability to absorb the vitamin was found in 1 patient with old intestinal tuberculosis. This suggested that investigation of patients with intestinal symptoms associated with tuberculosis should be made by means of the vitamin A absorption test. This vitamin A absorption test is somewhat similar to the dextrose tolerance test. The patient is given a known amount of vitamin A in the form of a concentrated fish liver oil by mouth (7,000 U. S. P. units per kilogram of body weight). Blood samples are taken before the oil is given and at four, eight and twenty-four hours after the ingestion of the oil. These blood samples are then analyzed chemically for the vitamin A concentration.<sup>1</sup> Normally there is a decided rise in the blood concentration of vitamin A which usually reaches a peak at the fourth hour. Since vitamin A
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Sustained Improvement on Low Dosage of Cortisone
Authors: R. J. Twort
Journal: BMJ (1951)

MDBRDwOHX; 149ISuch dextran solutionsas have been available have proved unsatisfactory diluents owing to rouleaux formation.Red Cells.-Theunknown red cells, which may be obtained from either citrated or oxalated blood, or from the blood-stained serum of clotted blood after serum has been taken for Wassermann reaction or antibody inivestigation, are washed in saline and centrifuged at not more than 1,000 r.p.m. for three to five minutes.The supernatant fluid is WVithdrawn and the cells are resuspended in saline to approximately 40-50% concentratiQn.
Malignant hypertension presenting with an acute abdomen.
Authors: P L Padfield
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Group 2Group 3 Group 4 (n=100) (n=12) (n=I100)(n= 100) Individual distribution of serum vitamin A levels.Horizontal lines represent means. DiscussionIt is not easy to account for the significant increase of serum vitamin A in patients with advanced chronic renal failure, which varied from two to five times the mean normal value.On the basis of some new concepts of vitamin A metabolism there are two hypotheses: (a) the increase may result from a previous rise in serum retinol-binding protein.The simultaneous increase of serum vitamin A and retinolbinding protein noted in patients suffering from renal disease2 sup- ports this possibility.Nevertheless, two of our patients had a liver vitamin A contents of 2 0 ,umol/g and 2-24 ,umol/g (585 nnd 642 ,ug/g)-values five times greater than in normal adults-which on 18 August
Deaths from peptic ulceration
Authors: K G Wormsley
Journal: BMJ (1985)

principle of self medication and the disastrous laissez- faire of drug abuse.If the proponents have no appeal to our intellect what of Dr Rosenberg's appeal to our pockets (31 August, p 601)?While it is impossible to draw parallels between our system and one which charges by the millimetre for excised skin tumours, it does emphasise the uncomfortable and disturbing com- mercial undertone to this debate, because the pressure for OTC licensing seems arise not just from a defined patient need and proved response but also from the logic of industrial profit.Finally, there is Professor Greaves's serious suggestion that "the onus is clearly on the opponents to provide evidence why hydro- cortisone should not be introduced for OTC use."The onus of proof is, and must remain, with those who introduce a drug, a new route of administration, or dosage.They must provide evidence of need, effect, and safety; and, of course, it is because they can do none of these that they wish to shift the responsibility.Now that all the OTC pennants are fluttering side by side in the academic breeze we can see how threadbare they are, despite their gaudy colours.After such a show surely it is inconceivable that any regulatory body in the UK can possibly approve OTC licensing of topical hydrocortisone or any other corticosteroid.
Seroprevalence of and risk factors for Toscana and Sicilian virus infection in a sample population of Sicily (Italy)
Authors: Giuseppe Calamusa, Rosalia Maria Valenti, Francesco Vitale, Caterina Mammina, Nino Romano, James Jerome Goedert, Gianni Gori-Savellini, Maria Grazia Cusi, Emanuele Amodio
Journal: Journal of Infection (2011)
Engelmann's disease of bone--a systemic disorder?
Authors: A J Crisp, D P Brenton
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

A patient with Engelmann9s disease of bone (progressive diaphyseal dysplasia) also suffered from Raynaud9s phenomenon, multiple nail fold infarcts, anaemia, leucopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Her mother, who also had this inherited bone disease, was known to have Raynaud9s phenomenon, necrotising vasculitis, and digital gangrene. Review of other published cases of Engelmann9s disease indicates that some of these features are not uncommon. It is argued that Engelmann9s disease is not primarily a metabolic bone disease but may be a systemic disorder which might be included within the spectrum of the inflammatory connective tissue diseases. The beneficial effects of steroid treatment on both skeletal and systemic features are compatible with this view.
Emergency Treatment of Acute Drug Ingestions-Reply
Authors: William G. Barsan
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In Reply.  —I appreciate Dr Hoffman's comments concerning the Emergency Medicine section in the Contempo 1991 issue of JAMA . I agree with Hoffman that the quote in the margin of the article would seem to suggest at first glance that an error in interpretation of the study by Merigian et al 1 was made. However, I would like to point out that the quote in the margin as well as the quote in Hoffman's letter were both taken out of the context of what was stated in the article. My interpretation of the study by Merigian et al was that while these results suggest that gastric emptying and activated charcoal may be unnecessary in asymptomatic patients, absolute changes in protocols should await corroborative studies.  I would also point out that in the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology Update , published quarterly by the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, the interpretation of
A Serious Threat to the Medical Chief Residency
Authors: Robert S. Crausman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 August 1997A Serious Threat to the Medical Chief ResidencyRobert S. Crausman, MD, MMS and Richard Lain, MDRobert S. Crausman, MD, MMSBrown University School of Medicine; Pawtucket, RI 02860Search for more papers by this author and Richard Lain, MDBrown University School of Medicine; Pawtucket, RI 02860Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-3-199708010-00029 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I am writing to inform the readership of the Annals of a change in graduate medical education reimbursement that will have a significant impact on internal medicine residency training. Specifically, I am referring to a serious threat to the medical chief residency. Over the years, the internal medicine chief residency at many institutions has evolved as a postgraduate year (PGY) 4 (or later) experience that is tailored to the needs of the program and the individual person filling the position. The chief medical resident often fulfills that vitally important role of a supervisor-colleague for housestaff who is ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Robert S. Crausman, MD, MMS; Richard Lain, MDAffiliations: Brown University School of Medicine; Pawtucket, RI 02860 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPreservation of the Chief Medical ResidencyRobert S. Crausman, MD, MMS and Yul D. Ejnes, MD 1 August 1997Volume 127, Issue 3Page: 248-249KeywordsFellowshipsForecastingGeriatricsGraduate medical educationMedicareResidencySub-specialty care ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 August 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Thrombolytic Therapy for Elderly Patients
Authors: Eric J. Topol, Robert M. Califf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

The elderly, particularly the very elderly, are the fastest-growing segment of the U.S. population.1 They account for over 60 percent of the deaths attributed to myocardial infarction2 and provide a challenging group of patients in which to develop standards for the use of myocardial reperfusion therapy. In the important clinical trials of intravenous thrombolysis begun in the mid-1980s, investigators in the United States usually excluded patients over the age of 75. Fortunately, some European investigators had the insight to eschew an age ceiling in their studies, including the study of the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Streptochinasi nell'Infarto Miocardico . . .
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>and Nonulcer Dyspepsia
Authors: Lawrence S. Friedman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Dyspepsia encompasses a variety of upper abdominal symptoms — pain and discomfort, bloating, fullness, early satiety, nausea, anorexia, heartburn, regurgitation, and belching — that are experienced regularly by 25 to 40 percent of the population of the Western world.13 A working definition of dyspepsia is chronic or recurrent pain or discomfort centered in the upper abdomen.3 Remarkably, 2 to 5 percent of visits to primary care physicians in the United States are for dyspepsia, and each year, over $1.3 billion is spent on prescription drugs to treat the condition.1 The differential diagnosis of dyspepsia usually focuses on diseases of . . .
The evolution of diabetic response to ischemia/reperfusion and preconditioning in isolated working rat hearts
Authors: A. Tosaki, D. T. Engelman, R. M. Engelman, D. K. Das
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Studies have shown that the diabetic heart exhibits abnormalities in cellular ion transport, which can affect susceptibility to reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation (VF), tachycardia (VT) and functional derangements. It has been shown that "preconditioning" renders the heart very resistant to a subsequent prolonged ischemic episode. This phenomenon has been extensively studied in healthy myocardium, but such a study has not been previously done in diseased (hypertrophic or myopathic) hearts.We studied the incidence of reperfusion-induced VF, VT, cardiac function, and ion shifts (Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) induced by ischemia/reperfusion in isolated hearts from rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Following 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of diabetes, hearts were isolated and subjected to 30 min global ischemia followed by reperfusion.In the 2-week diabetic group the total incidence of VF and VT was reduced from their non-diabetic age-matched control value of 100 and 100% to 42 (P < 0.05) and 42% (P < 0.05), respectively. Such a reduction in the incidence of VF and VT was not observed with progressive diabetes (4, 6, and 8 weeks). In the 2-week diabetics, the reduction in the VF and VT was reflected in the improvement of postischemic function, the reduction of ischemia and reperfusion-induced Na+ and Ca2+ gains, and the prevention in K+ and Mg2+ loss. This diabetes-induced initial protection was not seen in the 4- and 6-week diabetics, and a deterioration of postischemic function was observed in the 8-week diabetics. Four cycles of preconditioning, each consisting of 5 min ischemia followed by 10 min reperfusion, failed to reduce the incidence of VF and VT, improve cardiac function, and prevent ion shifts induced by 30 min ischemia followed by 30 min reperfusion in 4- and 8-week diabetics.In the early phase of diabetes the heart is more resistant to ischemia/reperfusion than the non-diabetic heart. Preconditioning does not afford protection against a prolonged period of ischemia in diabetics, indicating that preconditioning may be a "healthy heart phenomenon".
Activity of the clinical-stage CK2-specific inhibitor CX-4945 against chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: L R Martins, P Lúcio, A Melão, I Antunes, B A Cardoso, R Stansfield, M T S Bertilaccio, P Ghia, D Drygin, M G Silva, J T Barata
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Mineral Metabolism Disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Bryan Kestenbaum
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Free circulating DNA as a biomarker of colorectal cancer
Authors: Elisa Cassinotti, Luigi Boni, Sergio Segato, Stefano Rausei, Alessandro Marzorati, Francesca Rovera, Gianlorenzo Dionigi, Giulia David, Alberto Mangano, Daniele Sambucci, Renzo Dionigi
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2013)
A novel isoform of platelet glycoprotein Ib? is prevalent in African Americans
Authors: Kaelen M. Aramaki, Alexander P. Reiner
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

The heavy chain of platelet glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) contains two prevalent sequence polymorphisms. The first, Thr/Met145 is responsible for the human platelet alloantigen system, human platelet antigen (HPA)-2. The second is a tandem repeat polymorphism that consists of four variants, A, B, C, and D. Previous linkage studies in Caucasian and Eastern Asian populations have demonstrated that HPA-2a (Thr145) is associated with variants C and D, while HPA-2b (Met145) is associated with variants A and B. We have determined HPA-2 and variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) genotypes in three different North American ethnic groups. The gene frequency of HPA-2b in the North American Indians was intermediate between African Americans and Caucasians, and similar to the frequency previously reported in Japanese. Furthermore, the VNTR-A allele, which previously has been reported only in Eastern Asian populations, was present in two of 101 North American Indian individuals. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the first Native Americans migrated to North America from Eastern Asia. Analysis of HPA-2 and VNTR haplotypes demonstrated an unexpected linkage pattern in the African American population. A rare GPIbα isoform, HPA-2b/VNTR-C, was present in 2.2% of African American haplotypes. Furthermore, a novel GPIbα isoform, HPA-2a/VNTR-B, was present in 6.5% of African American haplotypes. These data suggest a more complex evolutionary pattern of GPIbα isoforms than previously proposed. Am. J. Hematol. 60:77–79, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Regulation of interleukin-6, osteoclastogenesis, and bone mass by androgens. The role of the androgen receptor.
Authors: T Bellido, R L Jilka, B F Boyce, G Girasole, H Broxmeyer, S A Dalrymple, R Murray, S C Manolagas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Interleukin-6 is an essential mediator of the bone loss caused by loss of estrogens. Because loss of androgens also causes bone loss, we have examined whether the IL-6 gene is regulated by androgens, and whether IL-6 plays a role in the bone loss caused by androgen deficiency. Both testosterone and dihydrotestosterone inhibited IL-6 production by murine bone marrow-derived stromal cells. In addition, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and adrenal androgens inhibited the expression of a chloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter plasmid driven by the human IL-6 promoter in HeLa cells cotransfected with an androgen receptor expression plasmid; however, these steroids were ineffective when the cells were cotransfected with an estrogen receptor expression plasmid. In accordance with the in vitro findings, orchidectomy in mice caused an increase in the replication of osteoclast progenitors in the bone marrow which could be prevented by androgen replacement or administration of an IL-6 neutralizing antibody. Moreover, bone histomorphometric analysis of trabecular bone revealed that, in contrast to IL-6 sufficient mice which exhibited increased osteoclast numbers and bone loss following orchidectomy, IL-6 deficient mice (generated by targeted gene disruption) did not. This evidence demonstrates that male sex steroids, acting through the androgen-specific receptor, inhibit the expression of the IL-6 gene; and that IL-6 mediates the upregulation of osteoclastogenesis and therefore the bone loss caused by androgen deficiency, as it does in estrogen deficiency.
WHO agrees global action plan to control avian flu
Authors: Paul Ress
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A global action plan to control avian influenza in chickens and ducks and at the same time to “limit the threat” of a human flu pandemic was adopted last week at a World Health Organization conference.

The conference's 600 participants from more than 100 countries included experts on animal and human health, senior policy makers, representatives from donor agencies and industry, economists, and top health officials from countries affected by avian flu or at risk.

Led by WHO, the World Bank, the Food and Agriculture Organization, and the World Organization …
Capacitance Responses and Fluid Exchange in the Cat Liver during Stimulation of the Hepatic Nerves
Authors: Clive V. Greenway, Ronald D. Stark, W. Wayne Lautt
Journal: Circulation Research (1969)

Techniques are described to study the hepatic vascular bed in the anesthetized cat without interference with the hepatic artery or portal vein. Liver volume was recorded with a plethysmograph while simultaneous recordings were made of arterial and portal pressures and total hepatic blood flow. Hepatic venous pressure could be raised to any desired level, and capillary filtration coefficients could therefore be determined. The hepatic blood volume was 27 ± 3.3 ml/100 g liver (14% of the total blood volume of the cat). Stimulation of the hepatic nerves decreased liver volume. Maximal responses were reached at frequencies of about 6/sec, and 50% of the blood in the liver was expelled. The hepatic vascular bed is thus an important blood reservoir. The capillary filtration coefficient was 0.30 ± 0.03 ml/mm/mm Hg/100 g, and this value was not significantly changed during stimulation of the hepatic nerves.
EPO receptor circuits for primary erythroblast survival
Authors: Pradeep Sathyanarayana, Arvind Dev, Jing Fang, Estelle Houde, Olga Bogacheva, Oleg Bogachev, Madhu Menon, Sarah Browne, Anamika Pradeep, Christine Emerson, Don M. Wojchowski
Journal: Blood (2008)
Effect of thromboxane and serotonin receptor antagonists on intracoronary platelet deposition in dogs with experimentally stenosed coronary arteries.
Authors: P Golino, L M Buja, J H Ashton, P Kulkarni, A Taylor, J T Willerson
Journal: Circulation (1988)

We have reported previously that thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and serotonin (5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine) are important mediators of cyclic flow variations (CFVs) in a canine model of coronary artery stenosis and endothelial injury. The present study tested the hypothesis that a TXA2 receptor antagonist is more effective in reducing intracoronary platelet deposition at sites of endothelial injury and severe stenosis than a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist. CFVs developed after placing a plastic constrictor around the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in 51 of 56 dogs. Autologous platelets labeled with 111In were injected in 48 animals. Ten control dogs (group 1A) were killed after CFVs were observed for 1 hour at the nadir of coronary blood flow. Five dogs (group 1B) did not develop CFVs after placement of the constrictor. CFVs were abolished with SQ 28668 (2.75 +/- 0.36 mg/kg, group 2) and SQ 29548 (0.45 +/- 0.1 mg/kg, group 3), two different TXA2 and PGH2 receptor antagonists, in eight of 10 and six of seven dogs, respectively. In eight of 10 dogs (group 4), CFVs were abolished with ketanserin (0.66 +/- 0.12 mg/kg), a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist. In group 2, 3, and 4 dogs, the respective drugs were given so that the minimal dose required to abolished CFVs was administered. In six of six dogs (group 5), a higher dose of ketanserin (i.e., 1.5 mg/kg) was used to abolish CFVs. At death, intracoronary platelet deposition was evaluated by calculating the LAD platelet accumulation ratio (111In activity in the LAD/111In activity in the circumflex coronary artery) in 43 dogs and, in 22 dogs, by microscopic examination of the LAD. A marked LAD platelet accumulation ratio was found in group 1A dogs at the stenotic site and in segments immediately distal to it. The LAD platelet accumulation ratio was significantly reduced by both the low and the high doses of ketanserin compared with group 1A dogs (p less than 0.001). However, the two TXA2 receptor antagonists further reduced the LAD platelet accumulation ratio compared with ketanserin-treated animals (p less than 0.01). Microscopic examination confirmed these findings. We conclude that SQ 28668 and SQ 29548, two different TXA2 receptor antagonists, reduce residual intracoronary platelet deposition associated with CFVs in this canine model more effectively than ketanserin, a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist.
'Send Us a Lady Physician': Women Doctors in America, 1835-1920
Authors: Constance U. Battle
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The year Henry Ford began work on his first car, Johns Hopkins established a medical school, and its chief, Dr William Osler, opened the door to women, promising innovative applications to medical education. Ruth J. Abram, editor of<i>'Send Us a Lady Physician': Women Doctors in America, 1835-1920</i>, implies Sir William's offer was precipitated by the half million dollars contributed to Johns Hopkins by women physicians, led by the president of Bryn Mawr, M. Carey Thomas. A scant ten years before, two eminent women physicians, Drs Marie Zabrezewsda and Elizabeth Blackwell, had somehow managed to scrape up $50 000 and offered it to Harvard, with the proviso that women be admitted to its medical school. Harvard refused and did not change its mind until 1946. Citing examples such as these, Abram traces the history of women in American medicine: their valiant struggle against the barrier of prejudice and the difficulties
REFERENCE VALUES OF TRICUSPID ANNULUS SIZE AND DYNAMICS BY TWO-DIMENSIONAL TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN 220 HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS
Authors: Marcelo Haertel Miglioranza, Denisa Muraru, Sorina Mihaila, Diletta Peluso, Umberto Cucchini, Simona Casablanca, Sabino Iliceto, Luigi Badano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)