tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Predicting Survival in Adults with End-Stage Renal Disease: An Age Equivalence Index
Authors: TOM A. HUTCHINSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

To quantify prognosis in patients with end-stage renal disease, we evaluated pretreatment clinical state and ascertained the outcome of all 220 patients who began therapy at two hospitals from 1970 to 1975. Each of three pretreatment characteristics made a statistically significant independent contribution to the relative risk of death: age (relative risk for 10-year increments = 2.2, p < 0.001); duration of diabetes (relative risk for 10-year increments = 2.2, p < 0.001); and left-sided heart failure (relative risk = 2.0, p < 0.001). We combined the effects of these factors in an age-equivalence index that showed a strong gradient in survival rates from lower to higher values; the 5-year survival rate differed between 92% in patients with a score of 30 or less and 6% in patients with a score over 70. This index, which is simple to use, should prove helpful in patient care and can improve the scientific validity of therapeutic comparisons in patients with end-stage renal disease by identifying and adjusting for the selection biases that occur in the allocation of different treatments.
Mutations in smooth muscle α-actin (ACTA2) lead to thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections
Authors: Dong-Chuan Guo, Hariyadarshi Pannu, Van Tran-Fadulu, Christina L Papke, Robert K Yu, Nili Avidan, Scott Bourgeois, Anthony L Estrera, Hazim J Safi, Elizabeth Sparks, David Amor, Lesley Ades, Vivienne McConnell, Colin E Willoughby, Dianne Abuelo, Marcia Willing, Richard A Lewis, Dong H Kim, Steve Scherer, Poyee P Tung, Chul Ahn, L Maximilian Buja, C S Raman, Sanjay S Shete, Dianna M Milewicz
Journal: Nature Genetics (2007)
Australian health professionals warned against featuring in advertisements
Authors: M. Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2008)

An Australian professor has cautioned doctors and other health professionals against featuring in commercial advertisements or advertorials that promote drugs or other health and medical products.

Warwick Anderson, chief executive officer of the National Health and Medical Research Council and previously a senior scientist at Monash University and the Baker Institute, also thinks that health professionals should not participate in commercially driven disease awareness campaigns.

Professor Anderson made the comments in response to a project by the online news service Crikey, which documents extensive ties between commercial marketing campaigns and health professionals. Crikey’s register of influence includes many doctors who have appeared in advertisements and advertorials (www.crikey.com.au/The-Crikey-Register-of-Influence.html).

Professor Anderson said that the relationship between the health professions and commercial interests was “a very hot, …
Revolutionising management of chronic disease: the ParkinsonNet approach
Authors: B. R. Bloem, M. Munneke
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Patients with Parkinson's disease need long term support to manage their condition. <b>Bastiaan Bloem</b> and <b>Marten Munneke </b>describe the benefits of a model of integrated care provided by a network of specialists and suggest it has promise for other long term conditions
Consensus: use of estrogen receptor assay
Authors: W. A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CD4pos, NK1.1pos T cells promptly produce interleukin 4 in response to in vivo challenge with anti-CD3.
Authors: T Yoshimoto, W E Paul
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Injection of anti-CD3 antibodies causes prompt expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-2, and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) mRNA among spleen cells. The optimal dose of anti-CD3 for such induction was 1.33 microgram/animal; lymphokine mRNA was first observed at 30 min, peaked at 90 min, and was undetectable (for IL-4) or had declined markedly by 4 h. Cells harvested from spleens of mice injected with anti-CD3 90 min earlier secreted IL-4, IL-2, and IFN-gamma without further stimulation. By contrast, in vitro stimulation with anti-CD3 of spleen cell suspensions or splenic fragments from noninjected donors failed to cause prompt production of IL-4 and, even after 24 h of stimulation, the amount of IL-4 produced in such cells was substantially less than that secreted within 1 h by spleen cell suspensions or splenic fragments from mice injected with anti-CD3 90 min earlier. Production of IL-4 by spleen cells from anti-CD3-injected mice was not inhibited by pretreatment with anti-IL-4 antibody or with IFN-gamma or tumor growth factor beta nor enhanced by treatment with IL-4. By contrast, CTLA-4 immunoglobulin (Ig) treatment clearly diminished IL-4 production in response to in vivo anti-CD3, indicating that cellular interactions involving CD28 (or related molecules) were important in stimulation. Cell sorting analysis indicated that the cells that produced IL-4 in response to in vivo injection of anti-CD3 were highly enriched in CD4pos cells with the phenotype leukocyte cell adhesion molecule-1 (LECAM-1)dull, CD44bright, CD45RBdull, NK1.1pos. Indeed, the small population of CD4pos, NK1.1pos cells had the great majority of the IL-4-producing activity of this population. Injection with Staphylococcal enterotoxin B also caused prompt induction of IL-4 mRNA; the cells that were principally responsible for production also had the phenotype of CD4pos, NK1.1pos. These results suggest that possibility that this rare population of T cells may be capable of secreting IL-4 at the outset of immune responses and thus may act to regulate the pattern of priming of naive T cells, by providing a source of IL-4 to favor the development of T cell helper 2-like IL-4-producing cells.
Potassium and Its Effect on Glycogen in the Dog Heart
Authors: ARTHUR W. MERRICK
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

Potassium chloride, infused into 10 anesthetized dogs until severe electrical changes were observed in the heart (electrocardiogram) and serum potassium was elevated (9.5 mEq./L.), had no apparent effect on the glycogen content of any of the 4 heart chambers. Dog ventricular slices did not tolerate a medium high in potassium. Glycogenolysis was noted when the slices were incubated in a Krebs-Ringer buffered phosphate glucose medium containing 9 mM of potassium. The glycogen loss was confined to the acid-soluble form of the polysaccharide. A homogenate of dog myocardium, incubated in a simulated "intracellular" medium for up to 50 minutes, rapidly and continuously lost acid-soluble glycogen. The acid-insoluble fraction was not degraded until the homogenate was incubated for 50 minutes.
Physician Substance Abuse—Reply
Authors: David R. Gastfriend
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PTU-121 Normal Values and Reproducibility of the Real Time Beat-To-Beat Index of Cardiac Vagal Tone in Healthy Humans
Authors: A D Farmer, S J Coen, M Kano, Q Aziz
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The vagus nerve is the primary neuroanatomical substrate within the brain gut axis (1). In humans, surrogate measures of vagal tone are most commonly evaluated using heart rate variability (HRV) albeit with considerable methodological limitations, particularly with respect to temporal resolution. However, recent advances have allowed the measurement of a novel non-invasive validated measure of efferent vagal activity from the brainstem, known as cardiac vagal tone (CVT). CVT is measured on a linear vagal scale (LVS) where 0 represents full atropinization and has improved temporal resolution compared to HRV. CVT is increasingly being utilised in a diverse array of GI research (3.4.5). However, its normal values and reproducibility are, to date, incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to address these knowledge gaps. <h3>Methods</h3> 120 healthy subjects (68 males, median age 29 years, range 19–55 years) were studied in a temperature controlled, constantly lit, quiet laboratory. After attachment of CVT recording equipment (Neuroscope), 20 minutes of CVT data (resting/no stimulation) was acquired. 30 subjects, selected at random, were restudied after 1 year. Reproducibility was assessed using a two-way, random effects, single measure intra-class correlational coefficients (ICC) model and Bland Altman plots. <h3>Results</h3> The mean CVT was 8.2 LVS with a standard deviation of 3.0. Thus, the normal range (mean +/- 2 standard deviations (SD)) for CVT based on this data is therefore 2.2 LVS to 14.2 LVS. Age correlated negatively with CVT (r = –0.36, p &lt; 0.0001) but there was no discernable effect of gender, body mass index or ethnicity. The ICC for CVT was 0.81 (95% confidence interval 0.64–0.91), indicating excellent reproducibility. Figure 1 shows the Bland-Altman plot that demonstrate that 29 out of the 30 measurements lie within +/- 2 SDs of the differences between measurements suggesting that there was no bias or systematic error and that the parameter of CVT is reproducible at a period of 1 year. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The normal range for CVT should be considered to be 2.2 – 14.2 LVS. CVT is a reproducible measure over the period of 1 year. Future research utilising CVT should refer to these values <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared <h3>References</h3> Schwartz, Nutrition 2000. Spainzi <i>et al.</i> NGM 2010. Paine <i>et al.</i> Pain 2011. Chua <i>et al.</i> APT 2012. Sharma <i>et al.</i> Psychosomatic Medicine 2012.
IgM peak independently predicts treatment-free survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and correlates with accumulation of adverse oncogenetic events
Authors: D Rizzo, J Chauzeix, F Trimoreau, J B Woillard, F Genevieve, A Bouvier, J Labrousse, C Poli, E Guerin, N Dmytruk, L Remenieras, J Feuillard, N Gachard
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Neo-evolution: is Homo sapiens ready?
Authors: H. V. Fineberg
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Harvey Fineberg contemplates the next phase of human evolution

How would you like to be better than you are? Suppose with just a few changes in your genes you could get a better memory—more precise, more accurate, and quicker. Or maybe you would like to be fitter, stronger, have more stamina. Would you like to be more attractive and self confident? How about living longer, with good health? Or perhaps you are one of those who has always yearned for more creativity. If you could have any of these it would be a very different world. Is it just imaginary, or is it perhaps possible?

As a physician I came to realise that the goal I was working towards was different from the goal of evolution—not necessarily contradictory, just different. I was trying to preserve the body. I wanted to keep us healthy. I wanted to restore health from disease. I wanted us to live long and healthy lives.



Genome to go

Phillippe Plailly/SPL

By contrast, evolution is all about passing on the genome to the next generation, adapting and surviving through generation after generation. From an evolutionary point of view, you and I are like the booster rockets designed to send the genetic payload into the next level of orbit and then drop off into the sea. To evolution but not to ourselves, our bodies are expendable. I think we would all understand the sentiment expressed by Woody Allen when he said, “I don’t want to achieve immortality through my work. I want to achieve it through not dying.”



You and me baby ain’t nothin’ but booster rockets

NASA

Evolution does not necessarily favour the longest lived. It does not necessarily favour the biggest or the strongest or the …
Abstract 3272: Effect of Non-Soy Legume Consumption on Cholesterol Levels: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Lydia A Bazzano, Michael T Tees, Cuong H Nguyen
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Studies evaluating the effect of legume consumption on cholesterol have focused primarily on soybeans, however non-soy legumes are more commonly consumed in the Western countries. We conducted a me...
Abstract ES3-3: Clinical Trial Designs for New Therapies: What Endpoints Should We Use?
Authors: CA Hudis
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The selection of endpoints is critical to the interpretation of clinical trials results. In early phase clinical trials investigators seek evidence of activity, then predictors of clinical benefit, and in most randomized trials, accepted surrogates of meaningful benefit. At one extreme we may seek improvements in overall survival while in another we may be satisfied simply with evidence of tumor stabilization or changes in circulating biomarkers. In between these extremes are intermediate and composite endpoints including “partial responses”, “clinical benefit rate”, and those that are time-dependent endpoints such as disease-free or progression free survival. Many of the discussions and disagreements we hear in the context of drug development, benefit, and approval can be linked to a fundamental lack of agreement on the value and meaning of many of these endpoints. Activity of a given novel agent may, or may not, persuade some investigators, clinicians, and patients, that it is a worthwhile addition to our treatment options. On the other hand, a small but statistically significant improvement in overall survival in advanced cancer may, or may not, convince this same audience that the tested treatment is worthy of approval and use. Again, the intermediate endpoints may be unreliable or only weak predictors of more profound benefits. We will review and explore these issues considering not only the endpoints themselves but also their meaning in specific clinical settings and the impact of endpoint selection on further drug development. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr ES3-3.
ANESTHETISTS AND ANESTHETIC TECHNICIANS
Authors: Paluel J. Flagg
Journal: JAMA (1918)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —A gradually increasing misconception of the art of anesthesia has led to a rather unique condition of affairs. We find that nurses and other lay persons may, by the simple acquisition of a few rules, become anesthetists. Large institutions have adopted the nurse anesthetist on grounds of economy, expediency and even sentimentality. It is argued that these workers can be employed at little expense, that the supply meets the demand, and that the feminine element eliminates fear and works for smoothness during the induction of the anesthesia. These institutions may employ lay persons to take their roentgenograms and to make urinary, blood or sputum examinations, but does any one dream of speaking of these workers as the hospital roentgenologist or the attending pathologist? They are employed as technicians. The nurse who administers an anesthetic is an anesthetic technician. She can never be more without a medical degree,
Structural basis of a unique interferon-β signaling axis mediated via the receptor IFNAR1
Authors: Nicole A de Weerd, Julian P Vivian, Thao K Nguyen, Niamh E Mangan, Jodee A Gould, Susie-Jane Braniff, Leyla Zaker-Tabrizi, Ka Yee Fung, Samuel C Forster, Travis Beddoe, Hugh H Reid, Jamie Rossjohn, Paul J Hertzog
Journal: Nature Immunology (2013)
Long-term follow-up of serum immunoglobulin levels in blinatumomab-treated patients with minimal residual disease-positive B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: G Zugmaier, M S Topp, S Alekar, A Viardot, H-A Horst, S Neumann, M Stelljes, R C Bargou, M Goebeler, D Wessiepe, E Degenhard, N Gökbuget, M Klinger
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2014)

Long-term follow-up of serum immunoglobulin levels in blinatumomab-treated patients with minimal residual disease-positive B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Enhanced Helminthotoxic Capacity of Eosinophils from Patients with Eosinophilia
Authors: John R. David, Mathew A. Vadas, Anthony E. Butterworth, Pedro Azevedo de Brito, Edgar M. Carvalho, Roberta A. David, Jose C. Bina, Zilton A. Andrade
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

To determine whether eosinophils from patients with eosinophilia have an enhanced capacity to kill parasites, we compared purified eosinophils (mean purity, 89 per cent) from 30 patients with various degrees of eosinophilia and with or without infection with Schistosoma mansoni for the capacity to kill schistosomula, the larval stage of S. mansoni, in vitro. There was a significant correlation between peripheral eosinophil count and antibody-dependent, eosinophil-mediated death of parasites after 40 hours of culture (P<0.0001). Antibody-dependent adherence of eosinophils, measured after two hours of incubation, also correlated with the capacity of the eosinophils to kill the parasites. The correlation between the killing capacity of eosinophils and their peripheral-blood count was observed in patients both with and without S. mansoni infection. We suggest that eosinophilia involves not only a quantitative change in eosinophil numbers but also a qualitative change in functional capacity that renders circulating eosinophils more effective in resisting parasitic infections. (N Engl J Med. 1980; 303:1147–52.)
Embryo selection for complex traits is impracticable
Authors: E. P Kirk
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—With respect to the news item by Hargreaves,1 much of the concern about the possibility of “designer babies” is misplaced. The barriers to successful selection of “superior” babies are likely to remain insurmountable, outside the context of selection for babies unaffected by genetic disease (which is generally not controversial).

Traits such as intelligence and aspects of personality are genetically complex. Any one gene …
RIGHT VENTRICULAR PACING IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS WITH RBBB: EFFECTS ON RV HEMODYNAMIC FUNCTION AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE AV DELAY
Authors: J. Lacy Sturdivant, Jiang Ding, Frank Cuoco, Robert B. Leman, J Marcus Wharton, Yinghong Yu, Michael R. Gold
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Effect of Real-Time Magnetic Endoscope Imaging on the Teaching and Acquisition of Colonoscopy Skills: Results from a Single Trainee
Authors: S. G. Shah, S. Thomas-Gibson, M. Lockett, J. C. Brooker, C. J. Thapar, I. Grace, B. P. Saunders
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

Most trainees have little concept of the loops that occur during colonoscopy, and have difficulty in appreciating the combination of withdrawal and torquing manoeuvres that are essential to achieving complete colonoscopy. Real-time magnetic endoscope imaging (MEI) allows visualization of shaft looping, and so makes intuitive the manoeuvres necessary to straighten the colonoscope shaft.Consecutive routine colonoscopies were performed by a single trainee (with previous experience of 15 colonoscopies). Procedures were randomly assigned to be carried out either with the trainee viewing the MEI display, or without the MEI view, which was recorded throughout all examinations.In total, 71 procedures were performed. To assess the trend for learning, procedures were analysed in blocks of 24 consecutive examinations (periods 1 to 3). In the first 24 procedures (period 1), the number of attempts at straightening the colonoscope and duration of looping were significantly less, and the intubation time was shorter, for examinations performed with the MEI view. In periods 2 to 3, there was a continued trend towards improved performance, but without a significant difference between procedures performed with or without MEI.During training, real-time colonoscope imaging using MEI appears to enhance the endoscopist's appreciation of looping and improves the learning of the manoeuvres required to straighten the colonoscope shaft. A prospective, multicentre study assessing a larger number of trainees is needed to clarify these findings.
Antitumor Efficacy of PKI-587, a Highly Potent Dual PI3K/mTOR Kinase Inhibitor
Authors: Robert Mallon, Larry R. Feldberg, Judy Lucas, Inder Chaudhary, Christoph Dehnhardt, Efren Delos Santos, Zecheng Chen, Osvaldo dos Santos, Semiramis Ayral-Kaloustian, Aranapakam Venkatesan, Irwin Hollander
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to show preclinical efficacy and clinical development potential of PKI-587, a dual phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mTOR inhibitor. Experimental Design: In vitro class 1 PI3K enzyme and human tumor cell growth inhibition assays and in vivo five tumor xenograft models were used to show efficacy. Results: In vitro, PKI-587 potently inhibited class I PI3Ks (IC50 vs. PI3K-α = 0.4 nmol/L), PI3K-α mutants, and mTOR. PKI-587 inhibited growth of 50 diverse human tumor cell lines at IC50 values of less than 100 nmol/L. PKI-587 suppressed phosphorylation of PI3K/mTOR effectors (e.g., Akt), and induced apoptosis in human tumor cell lines with elevated PI3K/mTOR signaling. MDA-MB-361 [breast; HER2+, PIK3CA mutant (E545K)] was particularly sensitive to this effect, with cleaved PARP, an apoptosis marker, induced by 30 nmol/L PKI-587 at 4 hours. In vivo, PKI-587 inhibited tumor growth in breast (MDA-MB-361, BT474), colon (HCT116), lung (H1975), and glioma (U87MG) xenograft models. In MDA-MB-361 tumors, PKI-587 (25 mg/kg, single dose i.v.) suppressed Akt phosphorylation [at threonine(T)308 and serine(S)473] for up to 36 hours, with cleaved PARP (cPARP) evident up to 18 hours. PKI-587 at 25 mg/kg (once weekly) shrank large (∼1,000 mm3) MDA-MB-361 tumors and suppressed tumor regrowth. Tumor regression correlated with suppression of phosphorylated Akt in the MDA-MB-361 model. PKI-587 also caused regression in other tumor models, and efficacy was enhanced when given in combination with PD0325901 (MEK 1/2 inhibitor), irinotecan (topoisomerase I inhibitor), or HKI-272 (neratinib, HER2 inhibitor). Conclusion: Significant antitumor efficacy and a favorable pharmacokinetic/safety profile justified phase 1 clinical evaluation of PKI-587. Clin Cancer Res; 17(10); 3193–203. ©2011 AACR.