tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Email health support service is already operating in Africa
Authors: F J Cooke
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—We agree with Fraser and McGrath that email is an effective and practical medium for healthcare support in remote regions1 and that many patients in rural areas may soon benefit from telemedicine projects.2 In Britain we have been providing an international email health support service since April 1998,3 which has been accessed frequently in sub-Saharan Africa. Our service is successful and highly valued,4 and it is constantly being improved and …
Prosody does not equal language
Authors: Robbins Burling
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Prosody, in motherese as in all forms of language, has a very different form and a very different use than the central lexical, phonological, and syntactic components of language. Whereas the prosodic aspects of motherese probably derive from primate vocalization, this does not help us to understand how the more distinctive parts of language emerged.
Painful Purpura on Bilateral Helices
Authors: Tahmina Mahmood, Ashley Delacerda, Katherine Fiala
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Painful purpura on bilateral helices developed in a patient recently treated for a urinary tract infection with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and levofloxacin, who was taking other multiple drugs and found to have p-ANCA positivity. What is your diagnosis?
Crackle-sound recording to monitor airway closure and recruitment in ventilated pigs
Authors: Ferenc Petak, Walid Habre, Barna Babik, J Tolnai, Z Hantos
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

It was hypothesised that the recruitment of atelectatic lung areas is signified by changes in the airway and tissue mechanics, and by the appearance of crackle activity attributed to the sudden reopening of collapsed airways. The authors also assumed that the acoustic activity is an earlier indicator of lung recruitment than the change in the overall mechanical state of the lungs. Six thoracotomised and mechanically ventilated mini-pigs were studied. Low-frequency pulmonary impedance was measured at end-expiratory pauses at transpulmonary pressures of 4 and 1 hPa to estimate airway resistance (<i>R</i><sub>aw</sub>) and the coefficient of lung tissue elastance (<i>H</i>), and tracheal sounds were recorded during subsequent slow inflations to 30 hPa, in the control state and following increasing doses of <i>i.v.</i> methacholine (Mch). <i>R</i><sub>aw</sub> and <i>H</i> were higher at baseline and increased more in response to Mch at 1 hPa than at 4 hPa. The crackles detected during the subsequent inflations were concentrated around and associated with the development of the lower knee of the pressure–volume curve. The number of crackles increased faster following the Mch doses and reached statistical significance earlier than <i>R</i><sub>aw</sub> and <i>H</i>. Crackle recording during mechanical ventilation can be employed as a simple method with which to monitor lung recruitment–derecruitment.
SEMI-QUANTITATIVE XENON-133 IMAGES OF BRAIN PERFUSION
Authors: N. Milne, K P. Lyona, J. Hyde
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Regional brain blood flow is routinely measured using a gamma camera and computer with inhaled Xenon-133. The patient breathes 25 mCi Xe-133 on a closed circuit for 2 minutes and a washout circuit for 13 minutes while serial 10-second images are acquired. Time activity curves are drawn from regions of interest (ROIs) and grey matter flow calculated from the first portion of washout. The flow values are transferred to a diagram of the head and reported as a flow map. A computer derived image representing regional brain blood flow would provide useful information. To obtain this, we subtract the second or third frame of the study from all other frames, to remove airway activity, then add the subtracted frames 4 to 9 (30 to 90 seconds) and smooth. This image integrates the washin portion of the study prior to saturation of the tissue and represents blood flow distribution, because the uptake of Xe-133, a freely diffusible indicator, is proportional to blood flow. To confirm this, we subtracted the third point of the time-activity curve from all other points, then summed the resulting values from 30 to 90 seconds and compared this figure with calculated blood flow. Good correlation (r = 0.91, p<0.025) was obtained for large regions of interest. For small regions of interest, with poorer counting statistics, correlation was not so good. In 8 out of 9 patients, the inflow Xe-133 images permitted better localization of lesions than the flow map, and have provided useful additional information. These images may be obtained using equipment available in most Nuclear Medicine Departments.
A Life Setting Conducive to Illness
Authors: GEORGE L. ENGEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Study of the life settings in which patients fall ill reveals that illness is commonly preceded by a period of psychological disturbance, during which the individual feels unable to cope. This has been designated the giving-up—given-up complex and has the following five psychologic characteristics: a feeling of giving up, experienced as helplessness or hopelessness; a depreciated image of the self; a sense of loss of gratification from relationships or roles in life; a feeling of disruption of the sense of continuity between past, present, and future; and a reactivation of memories of earlier periods of giving-up. It is proposed that this state reflects the temporary failure of mental coping mechanisms with a consequent activation of neurally regulated biological emergency patterns. Changes in body economy so evoked may alter the organism's capability to deal with concurrent pathogenic processes, permitting disease to develop. As such, the giving-up—given-up complex is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for disease development, merely a contributing factor.
Agreement Between Breast Cancer Risk Estimation Methods
Authors: K. A. McGuigan, P. A. Ganz, C. Breant
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1996)

In this study, the authors compared the estimated risk for both the Gail and Claus models using previously collected data from women attending the high-risk breast cancer clinic of the University of California at Los Angeles from 1992 through 1994.
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Report of the Cooperative Study
Authors: Louis R. Caplan
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The cooperative aneurysm study was begun in 1957 and remains vitally active today. The project is the first in-depth study supported by the National Institutes of Health of a major human disorder. Because no single center could accumulate sufficient cases for meaningful analysis, the participation of many US and foreign centers was obtained. Dr Sahs, the prime engineer from the beginning, and his colleagues update in this volume the recent results of the project, supplementing the 1969 publication of initial results. The authors systematically review the thinking, planning, and detailed results of sequential stages of the project. Phase 1 (1957 to 1965) was a feasibility study involving data collection from more than 6,000 patients. In phase 2 (1963 to 1970), 1,000 patients were randomized into four treatment groups: bed rest, drug-induced hypotension, carotid ligation, and intracranial surgery. In phase 3 (1970 to 1972), 242 new patients were randomized into three
Abstract 15820: S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase (GSNOR) Modulates Reendothelialization and Vascular Repair
Authors: Andre Manica, Julio F Marchini, Richard Travers, Yevgenia Tesmenitsky, Akm K Wara, Toshifumu Mooroka, Mark W Feinberg, Jonathan S Stamler, Daniel I Simon, Kevin Croce
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) reductase (GSNOR) is a widely expressed enzyme that degrades GSNO, a major source of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity. GSNOR inhibition raises GSNO levels, incr...
Alcoholism: Treatment and Recovery
Authors: Robert W. Murray
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In assembling authoritative papers and excerpts from books on alcoholism and drug dependency, Dr Goby is giving the treatment field a one-volume wealth of information and guidance. The material has been selected and arranged strategically to cover the spectrum of this disease in a manner we have not seen before. The reader from any of the professions dealing with alcoholism will want to continue through this compendium with the dawning realization that his respective area of involvement—be it medical, mental, or spiritual—is interconnected with and affected by all the aspects of this multifaceted disease. While statistics are often dry and burdensome, numbers are necessary to present and analyze the awesomeness of alcoholism. The reader can find in Dr Goby's book figures, categories, percentages, and ratios that will require several readings to digest, but, since all authorities seem agreed that there is no such thing as a "typical alcoholic," the subject
Hospitalization and Socialization
Authors: Donald C. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Due to the recent fervor of a large part of our population to try to get something for nothing through socialization, especially in regard to socialization of medicine, I have recently done some extensive research on how long persons stay in the hospital and how large the amounts of the hospital bills become for persons who paid their own bills, for persons whose bills were paid in total or in part by Blue Cross, and for persons whose bills were paid by government agencies at Weld County General Hospital. It should be noted that payment for all persons receiving government medical aid under the categories of Aid to the Blind, Aid to Dependent Children, and Old Age Pension is paid by government agencies through Blue Cross so that the Blue Cross figures also include government-paid bills. The study was done on patients admitted between Jan. 1, 1960,
In recently postmenopausal women, HRT reduced a composite of death, MI, or heart failure at 10 years
Authors: Angela M. Cheung
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Source Citation Schierbeck LL, Rejnmark L, Tofteng CL, et al. Effect of hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular events in recently postmenopausal women: randomised trial. BMJ. 2012;345:e6409. 23048011
Cholesterol in ischaemic heart disease.
Authors: N. E. Miller
Journal: BMJ (1989)

The implications of these alterations in the most basic aspects of cardiovascular physiology are not clear, but they may need to be taken into account in the development ofnew treatments for the critically ill.Prospective studies have indicated that treat- ment based on some understanding of the pathophysiology of critical illness is associated with considerable improvements in survival.6Preventing gross errors in the management of acute critical illness is essential, but the ways to achieve this are not evident.Even with good treatment many patients go on to succumb to multiple organ failure, and research effort must now be directed to developing scientifically based treatments for this poorly understood condition.Unfortunately, research into shock, trauma, and critical illness does not fall cleanly within the remit of any of the principal charities or specialties with existing research infrastructures.Given the associated difficulty of research funding, I would hope that the national bodies like the Medical Research Council and the Department of Health have the foresight to encourage such research.With such scope for worthwhile advance it is regrettable that more funding is not forthcoming.
THE ANTI-MENTAL HEALTH MOVEMENT
Authors: ALFRED AUERBACK
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

Anti-mental health trends are manifestations of an ideological struggle under way in the United States in recent years. "Right-wing" groups in the name of "patriotism" have been attacking various aspects of our democratic process. Psychiatry and the mental health movement, for historical, sociological and emotional reasons, have been under increasing attack, a trend that will continue. Organizations and individuals connected with mental health activities must anticipate this development and plan to meet it.
HYDRASTIS.SOME OF ITS THERAPEUTIC USES.
Authors: W. BLAIR STEWART
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Many years ago, no one can say how many, the Indian tribes that roved over what is now our United States well knew the physical properties, the curative and medicinal virtues of a beautiful yellow, juicy, perennial root that grew in the rich shady woodland east of the Rocky Mountains. This root, when beaten up alone or with a little water, yielded a beautiful yellow fluid that would dye their clothing varying shades of yellow, according to concentration and mixture with other plant juices. They also knew that an infusion of this yellow root would cure many cases of ophthalmia and chronic leg ulcers. Indeed, the Cherokees were reported to cure cancers by it, but our present knowledge of the drug and disease practically disproves this idea. Like many of our medicinal preparations, what was then used empirically is now known practically to us as hydrastis canadensis.
Standards of care for people who self harm are "bleak," finds report
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Junior hospital doctors, who lack appropriate training to deal with people who have self harmed or tried to take their own lives, are being left to cope with patients in busy accident and emergency departments—often at night and with no appropriate specialist support.

That is just one of the shortfalls in services provided for patients who are at the “limit of what they can emotionally endure,” says a report from the Royal College of Psychiatrists.

The report includes a survey of 1500 college members, of whom fewer than half (49%) felt that they or their team were appropriately qualified to deal with patients who had self harmed. Meanwhile 46% of those responding said they had not received specific training on self harm. Of those working in accident and emergency departments, two …
PWE-147 Colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM): increasing role of laparoscopic liver resection—a single unit comparative analysis
Authors: S K P John, S Rehman, A Vallance, S Robinson, J French, D Manas, S White
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) is becoming increasingly used to reduce the morbidity of open liver resection The aim of this study was to compare outcomes after LLR with that of open liver resection. <h3>Methods</h3> From April 2007 onwards all patients who underwent either left lateral sectionectomy, left hemi-hepatectomy, segmentectomy and non-segmental resection for CRLM were identified from a prospectively maintained HPB database (open and LLR). Those having right hepatectomy were excluded from analysis as there were too few laparoscopic procedures for meaningful analysis. Comparisons between groups were made in terms of complications (graded using the Clavien-Dindo classification), duration of hospital stay and overall survival (OS). Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher Exact test for categorical variables, Mann–Whitney U test for non-parametric continuous variables and overall survival (OS) plotted with Kaplan–Meier curves (SPSS V.19). <h3>Results</h3> 78 patients had LLR for various indications (colorectal n=43, non-colorectal n=17, benign n=18). During the same period 94 patients had open equivalent procedures for CRLM (including 4 conversions from a lap procedure). Female patients were more likely to have a LLR compared to open (47% females, 24% males p=0.01). Grade 3 and 4 complications were more seen in the open group (8.5% vs 4.7%), however grade 1 and 2 complications were slightly higher in the laparoscopic group (18.6% vs 17.1%) Median stay was 4 days in LLR group (range 1–23), 7 days (range 3–95) in open group, p&lt;0.001. R1 resections were less during second era of the study in LLR and comparable to the open group. At 3 years 91% of LLR and 72% of open group were alive. OS was similar (p=0.4). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Laparoscopic liver resection has shown benefits in terms of lower morbidity in our series when comparing it to equivalent open procedures. Long term follow-up will be needed to see if there is real advantage in OS and outcome. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Correction: Additional Reference in Letter on Amenorrhea
Authors: ROSE E. FRISCH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1985Correction: Additional Reference in Letter on AmenorrheaROSE E. FRISCH, Ph.D.ROSE E. FRISCH, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-3-482_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In my letter (1) in the July issue, the comments about the woman channel swimmer are from the study of Frisch and colleagues (2)....References1. FRISCH R. Body composition in amenorrheic athletic women [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103:153. LinkGoogle Scholar2. FRISCHHALLAOKI RGT. Metabolic, endocrine and reproductive changes of a woman channel swimmer. Metabolism. 1984;33:1106-11. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ROSE E. FRISCH, Ph.D.Affiliations: Harvard Center for Population Studies Cambridge, MA 02138 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1985Volume 103, Issue 3Page: 482-482 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
Changes in Bone Mineral Content in Male Athletes
Authors: Robert C. Klesges
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To determine changes in bone mineral content (BMC) in male athletes, to examine the mechanisms of changes, and to evaluate the effects of intervention.Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) tests were administered over a 2-year period, and calcium loss during training was determined by analysis of sweat and urine. Calcium supplementation was administered during year 2. SETTING--A midsouth university.Eleven members of a college Division I-A basketball team.Based on observed calcium loss, athletes received differential levels of calcium supplementation. Intervention commenced the week prior to the fall training season and continued through postseason play. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Changes in BMC.Total body BMC decreased 3.8% from preseason to midseason of year 1 (mean decrease, 133.4 g, P = .02), increased nonsignificantly by 1.1% (mean increase, 35.3 g, P = .22) during the offseason, but decreased an additional 3.3% during summer months when practices resumed (mean decrease, 113.1 g, P = .01). Dermal calcium loss averaged 247 mg [corrected] per training session. From preseason to late summer, there was an overall decrease of 6.1% in total BMC and a 10.5% decrease in BMC of the legs. Calcium supplementation was associated with significant increases in BMC and lean body mass.Bone loss is calcium related and exercise is positively related to BMC provided that calcium intake is sufficient to offset dermal loss.
Stability Over Time of Modern Diagnostic Criteria for Type II Diabetes
Authors: Michael P Stern, Rodolfo A Valdez, Steven M Haffner, Braxton D Mitchell, Helen P Hazuda
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

Objective— To examine the long-term stability of the World Health Organization criteria for diabetes in the 8-yr follow-up of the San Antonio Heart Study. A problem with older criteria for diagnosing diabetes was that many individuals classified as having borderline or chemical diabetes reverted to nondiabetic status on follow-up. Few studies have addressed this issue among diabetic patients who meet the more stringent, modern National Diabetes Data Group or World Health Organization criteria. Research Design and Methods— We studied 98 Mexican-American and 44 non-Hispanic white type II diabetic patients 8 yr after they were diagnosed according to World Health Organization criteria in a population-based epidemiological survey. Patients were classified as follows: whether they were on pharmacological treatment for diabetes at baseline, or, if not, whether they had a prior diagnosis of diabetes at the time of their baseline survey visit or were newly diagnosed. Results— Of the 142 patients who met the study criteria for type II diabetes at baseline and whose status at follow-up was known, 20 (14.1%; 95% confidence interval 9.0–20.5%) no longer met criteria at follow-up 8 yr later. All but 2 of those who reverted to nondiabetic status were from the newly diagnosed group. Two of 20 had lost more than 5.0 kg over the 8 yr and an additional 5 had lost 2.5–5.0 kg. The 20 patients who reverted to nondiabetic status lacked many of the associated anthropometric, physiological, and metabolic findings of diabetes such as obesity, unfavorable body fat distribution, and dyslipidemia. Moreover, only one had proteinuria, and none had any grade of diabetic retinopathy at baseline. Conclusions— Epidemiological surveys that rely on a single oral glucose tolerance test to determine the prevalence of type II diabetes may overestimate prevalence by as much as 16% (95% confidence interval 10.5–23.6%) (142/122 = 1.16). The actual overestimate could well be less because some patients who truly have diabetes at baseline may be in remission at follow-up as a result of significant weight loss. Despite these difficulties, the modern National Diabetes Data Group and World Health Organization criteria are more stable than earlier criteria.
Job's Illness
Authors: NELSON BORELLI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1977Job's IllnessNELSON BORELLI, M.D., HUGH H. HUSSEY, M.D.NELSON BORELLI, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, HUGH H. HUSSEY, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-87-3-379_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The scholarly exposition by Kapusta and Frank (1) makes a strong case for Job's illness as a model of depression. Yet diagnosis derived by historical reconstruction of events without benefit of observation of the patient may be erroneous. Psychohistorical inference and diagnosis are even chancier when the historical source is autobiographical, as in Job's instance.We offer an alternative suggestion—that Job suffered from pellagra. He had been a prosperous man with a well-balanced premorbid personality. His fortunes suddenly turned; possibly he was deprived of a full diet, or experienced severe anorexia because of grief incidental to his...Reference1. KAPUSTAFRANK MS: The Book of Job and the modern view of depression. Ann Intern Med 86:667-672, 1977 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1977Volume 87, Issue 3Page: 379-379KeywordsDiet ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...