tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Case of Imperforate Anus, in which the Rectum Opened into, and Discharged its Contents through, the Urethra, in the Male
Authors: H. Dodgson
Journal: BMJ (1868)

THE BRITIStI MEDICAL _OURNAL.{Dec.26, x868.epileptic affections; the difference between them and epilepsy being this, that in the latter the disturbance takes place in the cerebral circulation, whereas in the former it occurs elsewhere.Symptoms analogous to those I have mentioned, and ownilng a similar pathology, are often met with in other organs; but it is my purpose now only to enumerate those which by a parity of reasoning may, I think, meet with a like explanation.They are, paroxysmal breathless- ness; some pseudo-anginal attacks; vertigo; temporary amaurosis or deafness; and paroxysmal dyspepsia, vomiting, with sudden accumula- tion of flatus, and their concomitant and subsequent discomforts.My object is to remove some of the alarm which is often felt upon the occurrence of the symptoms I have mentioned, by suggesting that they do not depend, as they have been commonly supposed to depend, upon disease of the great centres of innervation; but upon a change in that system of nerves which is the most liable to disturbance, and the aberrations of which are commonly the most amenable to treatment.
263. Antigen-Specific and MHC-Independent Tumor Cell Lysis by Redirected Human CD4+ T Cells Grafted with an Antibody-Type Immunoreceptor
Authors: Andreas Hombach, Heike Koehler, Gunter Rappl, Hinrich Abken
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Immune elimination of tumor cells requires the close cooperation between CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and CD4+ T helper cells. Previous reports from our and other groups have shown that CD8+ T cells can be antigen-specifically redirected towards tumor cells by grafting with a recombinant immunoreceptor ("T-body"). We here circumvent MHC class II restriction of human CD4+ T cells and redirect their specificity towards CEA+ tumor cells by expression of an immunoreceptor with an antibody-derived, MHC-independent binding domain specific for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Upon binding of the immunoreceptor, CD4+ T cells are activated to mediate cytolysis of CEA+ tumor cells with high efficiencies. Lysis by redirected CD4+ T cells is independently of death receptor signalling via TNF-a or Fas, but is mediated by perforin and granzyme and inhibited by blocking the release of cytotoxic granules, but not by blocking of Fas ligand. Our results demonstrate that CD4+ T cells can eliminate antigen-specifically tumor cells independently of MHC class II restriction and of CD8+ T cells, thereby extending the power of adoptive immunotherapeutic strategies by an additional cytolytic effector cell population.
S-S Synapsis during Class Switch Recombination Is Promoted by Distantly Located Transcriptional Elements and Activation-Induced Deaminase
Authors: Robert Wuerffel, Lili Wang, Fernando Grigera, John Manis, Erik Selsing, Thomas Perlot, Frederick W. Alt, Michel Cogne, Eric Pinaud, Amy L. Kenter
Journal: Immunity (2007)
Romanian police raid clinic run by Israelis, accusing them of buying women's eggs and selling them for profit
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Romanian police have arrested 30 people, most of them Israelis, in a sudden sweep on 30 July. The 30 were detained on suspicion of removing and purchasing human eggs from indigent local women for a few hundred euros each and selling and implanting them in Israeli and other women for thousands of euros.

Twenty eight of the detainees were interrogated and released after bail was posted, but the Israeli owners of the Sabyc Medical Centre, the doctors Harry Myron and his son Yair, will remain in custody for at least several weeks. 

The Myron family in Israel maintain that the two doctors had received “all necessary approvals from the authorities” for the in vitro fertilisation clinic. However, the Romanian police said that the clinic was guilty of violating the law that prohibits paying for the …
582 The in vivo anti-allergic activity of CI-949, 5-methoxy-3-(1-methylethoxy)-1-phenyl-N-1H-tetrazol-5-YL-1H-indole-2-carboxamide, L-arginine salt
Authors: Martin P. Finkel, Stanley P. Mallard, David O. Thueson, Mary Carol Conroy
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1988)
how can general practitioners aid prompt referral?
Authors: P. Oakeshott
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Elisabeth is a first child so her parents have little experience of common childhood illnesses.In addition, her mother is an anaesthetist and may be reluctant to bother a general practitioner unless it is really necessary. Unusually, Elisabeth has had two episodes of a severe infection–periorbital cellulitis–for which investigation for immune deficiency may be indicated. Her parents seek advice after Elisabeth has been unwell for three days with fever, irritability, sore mouth, conjunctivitis, rash, and desquamation and has not passed urine for 24 hours. At …
Hodgkin disease. Observations, controversy, and lessons
Authors: N. J. Vianna
Journal: JAMA (1975)

IN CONTRAST to the other lymphomas, which have always been regarded as neoplastic disorders, there has been incessant controversy over the nature of Hodgkin disease. Is it infectious, neoplastic, inflammatory—none, all, or some of these? We should be quick to recall that Wilks, Mallory, Warthin, Sternberg, and Reed pondered over these very same considerations, as have a countless number of other students of this disorder, which was first described in 1832. More recently, it has been hypothesized that Hodgkin disease in the young might be infectious in nature, whereas in the elderly it behaves like a neoplasm.<sup>1</sup>Another series of epidemiologic studies<sup>2</sup>suggests that in certain settings, most notably schools, this disease might have an infectious component. Despite all the efforts over the past century, the fact remains that we have failed to elucidate the nature of Hodgkin disease. The reason or reasons for this may well be
The longitudinal study and the social distribution of cancer.
Authors: L. J. Kinlen
Journal: BMJ (1988)

elderly6 and may be the innocent victims of the lust for speed of some drivers.Those who make policy must understand that any decision to relax the enforcement of laws on speeding is to condemn some of our citizens to death.7 The present publicity is about speeding on motorways, but a speed of above 90 miles/hour (144 km/hour) on motorways often converts to 50 miles/hour (80 km/hour) or above on urban thoroughfares, which include shopping streets, and to 40 miles/hour (64 km/hour) or above on residential streets, which include children's play areas.Though no speed is safe, a safer speed is a lower speed.Legislation to control speed is in the interest of both individual people and the community to reduce deaths, injuries, and damage to property and the costs of these losses.Enforcing speed limits is not particularly difficult: the technology, capable of photographing a vehicle (even in fog) and superimposing its speed, date, and location, has existed for over a decade.'
INCONTINENCE OF FECES (NON-ORGANIC)
Authors: L. H. Zeuch
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Incontinence of feces analogous to incontinence of urine, the origin of which can be traced to neuroses, general anemia or local parasites, is quite rare, judging from a review of the literature. In this disorder there is a relaxation of the sphincter ani, but not a paralysis. The muscle fibers respond to stimulation and are controlled at will, but formed stools pass through without the knowledge of the individual, as often as five or six times a day. No amount of moral suasion will control the disagreeable evacuations. Vegetable astringents, taken internally, are of no avail. Ergot, strychnin and hematic tonics have given success in the hands of others, but not until weeks have elapsed. To the list of reported cases I wish to add one occurring in my practice.  Case A. H., aged 8, whose father was a dipsomaniac, and mother very neurotic, had good control of the sphincters
Antiviral drug-resistant HBV: Standardization of nomenclature and assays and recommendations for management
Authors: Anna S. Lok, Fabien Zoulim, Stephen Locarnini, Angeline Bartholomeusz, Marc G. Ghany, Jean-Michel Pawlotsky, Yun-Fan Liaw, Masashi Mizokami, Carla Kuiken
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Substantial advances have been made in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in the past decade. Approved treatments for chronic hepatitis B include 2 formulations of interferon and 4 nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs). Sustained viral suppression is rarely achieved after withdrawal of a 48-week course of NA therapy, necessitating long, and in many cases, indefinite treatment with increasing risk of development of drug resistance. Antiviral resistance and poor adherence are the most important factors in treatment failure of hepatitis B. Thus, there is a need to standardize nomenclature relating to hepatitis B antiviral resistance, and to define genotypic, phenotypic, and clinical resistance to NA therapy. (HEPATOLOGY 2007;46:254–265.)
Bronchogenic Carcinoma With Invasion of the Spine
Authors: Dattatreyudu Nori
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A 64-year-old man with bronchogenic carcinoma was noted to have invasion of the chest wall and spine at time of diagnosis. Computed tomography and myelography demonstrated destruction of the vertebral body with epidural extension. After preoperative radiotherapy, resection of the involved lung, chest wall, and spine was accomplished. Afterloading catheters were placed for tumor-bed perioperative iridium 192 irradiation. The patient is free to disease two years after treatment. We describe the afterloading perioperative brachytherapy technique used and suggest this multidisciplinary approach for bronchogenic carcinoma invading the spine.
Abstract 3439: Suppression of pancreatic cancer cell growth by NISC-6 through activation of Par-4 and death receptor 5.
Authors: Deepkamal Karelia, Manoj K. Pandey, Rosalyn Irby, Shantu Amin, Arun K. Sharma
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers, with a median survival of 6 months and a 5 year survival rate of 3-5%. The poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer is attributable to its tendency for late presentation, aggressive local invasion, early metastases, and poor response to chemotherapy. Currently used drugs result in marginal survival advantage and are associated with multiple adverse events and drug resistance. Thus, there is a need for novel therapeutic agents and strategies involving less toxic agents that can sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to chemotherapy. Through extensive structure-activity relationship studies, we have recently developed an Akt pathway inhibitor, NISC-6, designed by incorporating an isoselenocyanate (-N=C=Se) functionality into naphthalimide structure, rendering it lethal to cancer cells at a dose that is non-toxic to normal cells. Our hypothesis is that the Akt inhibitor, NISC-6, in conjunction with Prostate apoptosis response protein 4 (Par-4), will induce apoptosis in pancreatic tumor cells through the TRAIL pathway. This is based on the observation that Par-4 causes apoptosis in cancer, but not in normal, cells, often in response to an apoptotic agent and is often inactivated in cancer cells through interaction with Akt1. In pancreatic cancer, Par-4 expression is often reduced through deletion of a chromosome segment containing 12q21, the location of the PAR-4 gene. Activation of Par-4 through inhibition of Akt by NISC-6 thus holds promise as a possible strategy for pancreatic cancer treatment. Our studies have shown NISC-6 to be effective in reducing cell proliferation in three different pancreatic cancer cell lines e.g. MiaPaCa-2, Panc-1, and BxPC-3. The treatments of NISC-6 for 48 h reduced the cell viabilities of pancreatic cancer cells with an IC50 of between 1-2.5 μM. In addition, treatment of MiaPaCa-2 cells with NISC-6 for 24 h showed significant activation of Par-4 and death receptor 5 (DR5). This activation was associated with the down-regulation of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL and Survivin. Furthermore, NISC-6 potentiated the apoptotic effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL/APO-2L). Taken together, these results suggest that NISC-6 may represent a novel therapeutic agent to sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to TRAIL and chemotherapeutic drugs. Detailed results of these investigations will be presented. Citation Format: Deepkamal Karelia, Manoj K. Pandey, Rosalyn Irby, Shantu Amin, Arun K. Sharma. Suppression of pancreatic cancer cell growth by NISC-6 through activation of Par-4 and death receptor 5. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3439. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3439
Interferon-gamma depresses binding of ligand by C3b and C3bi receptors on cultured human monocytes, an effect reversed by fibronectin.
Authors: S D Wright, P A Detmers, M T Jong, B C Meyer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

Cultivation of human monocytes with recombinant IFN-gamma causes a 5-10-fold depression in their binding of EC3b or EC3bi. This effect is observed within 18 h and is expressed for 5 d in the presence of 100 U/ml IFN-gamma. The capacity of IFN-gamma-treated phagocytes to bind EC3b and EC3bi is fully restored if the phagocytes are allowed to spread for 45 min on surfaces coated with Fn. IFN-gamma-treated cells express normal levels of cell surface C3b and C3bi receptors as measured with monoclonal anti-receptor antibodies, and spreading on Fn does not alter receptor number. We conclude that cultivation with IFN-gamma causes a change in the nature of these receptors that prevents them from interacting with ligand. Immunoelectron microscopy shows that C3bi receptors are expressed on the apical surface of the IFN-gamma-treated MO and that these receptors exhibit normal capacity to migrate in the plane of the membrane. Thus, the nature of the change caused by IFN-gamma is not related to changes in receptor number, location, or mobility. While spreading of IFN-gamma-treated cells on Fn enables C3 receptors to bind ligand, it does not enable them to promote phagocytosis. Treatment of cells with PMA alone does not affect binding or phagocytosis, but treatment of cells with both Fn and PMA enables cells to phagocytose EC3b and EC3bi. These data indicate that the binding and signaling activities of C3 receptors are separately regulated. Fn enables receptors to bind ligand and PMA enables them to signal phagocytosis.
The RNA-binding protein HuR is essential for the B cell antibody response
Authors: Manuel D Diaz-Muñoz, Sarah E Bell, Kirsten Fairfax, Elisa Monzon-Casanova, Adam F Cunningham, Mar Gonzalez-Porta, Simon Richard Andrews, Victoria I Bunik, Kathi Zarnack, Tomaž Curk, Ward A Heggermont, Stephane Heymans, Gary E Gibson, Dimitris L Kontoyiannis, Jernej Ule, Martin Turner
Journal: Nature Immunology (2015)
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SEBORRHOEIC DERMATITISE
Authors: E. WITTKOWER, R. M. B. MACKENNA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1947)

Journal Article THE PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SEBORRHOEIC DERMATITISE Get access E. WITTKOWER, M.D., Berlin, E. WITTKOWER, M.D., Berlin Physician, Tavistock Clinic, London; Late Major. R.A.M.C Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. M. B. MACKENNA, M.D., F.R.C.P. R. M. B. MACKENNA, M.D., F.R.C.P. Physician in Charge of Skin Department, St. Bartholomew's Hospital. London; Late Consulting Dermatologist to the Army Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 59, Issue 8-9, 1 August 1947, Pages 281–293, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1947.tb10908.x Published: 01 August 1947
Optimal treatment of descending necrotising mediastinitis
Authors: M. J. Corsten, F. M. Shamji, P. F. Odell, J. A. Frederico, G. G. Laframboise, K. R. Reid, E. Vallieres, F. Matzinger
Journal: Thorax (1997)

BACKGROUND: Descending necrotising mediastinitis is caused by downward spread of neck infection and has a high fatality rate of 31%. The seriousness of this infection is caused by the absence of barriers in the contiguous fascial planes of neck and mediastinum. METHODS: The recent successful treatment of seven adult patients with descending necrotising mediastinitis emphasises the importance of optimal early drainage of both neck and mediastinum and prolonged antibiotic therapy. The case is also presented of a child with descending necrotising mediastinitis, demonstrating the rapidity with which the infection can develop and lead to death. Twenty four case reports and 12 series of adult patients with descending necrotising mediastinitis published since 1970 were reviewed with meta-analysis. In each case of confirmed descending necrotising mediastinitis the method of surgical drainage (cervical, mediastinal, or none) and the survival outcome (discharge home or death) were noted. The chi 2 test of statistical significance was used to detect a difference between cases treated with cervical drainage alone and cases where mediastinal drainage was added. RESULTS: Cervical drainage alone was often insufficient to control the infection with a fatality rate of 47% compared with 19% when mediastinal drainage was added (p &lt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Early combined drainage with neck and chest incisions, together with broad spectrum intravenous antibiotics, should be considered standard care for this disease.
Peripheral tissue release of interleukin-6 in patients with chronic kidney diseases: Effects of end-stage renal disease and microinflammatory state
Authors: G. Garibotto, A. Sofia, V. Procopio, B. Villaggio, A. Tarroni, M. Di Martino, V. Cappelli, M.T. Gandolfo, F. Aloisi, F. De Cian, M.R. Sala, D. Verzola
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
Primary care trusts to continue direct provision of services
Authors: Andrew Cole
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The UK government has insisted that reconfigured primary care trusts (PCTs) will be free to continue to provide as well as to commission a range of services under its latest reforms. The announcement is part of its response, published last week, to a scathing health select committee report that attacked the reforms as “ill judged” and the policy of contracting out provider services as “incoherent” ( BMJ 2006;332:72, 14 Jan).

Ministers originally said that the PCTs would have to shed all provided services, such as district nursing and family planning, and concentrate solely on commissioning. They later softened this line, saying trusts could …
A pharmacogenetic approach to blood pressure in Lyon hypertensive rats. A chromosome 2 locus influences the response to a calcium antagonist.
Authors: M Vincent, N J Samani, D Gauguier, J R Thompson, G M Lathrop, J Sassard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

In a backcross population (n = 281) derived from a cross of the Lyon hypertensive rat with Lyon normotensive rat, we investigated whether genetic factors influence the acute cardiovascular responses to pharmacological modulation of the renin-angiotensin system, the sympathetic nervous system, and the voltage-sensitive L-type calcium channels. Using microsatellite markers, a quantitative trait locus was identified and mapped on rat chromosome 2 that specifically influences the systolic (peak LOD score 4.4) and diastolic (peak LOD score 4.1) blood pressure responses to administration of a dihydropyridine calcium antagonist, PY108-068. The locus accounted for 10.3 and 10.4% of the total variances in the systolic and diastolic responses to PY108-068, respectively. In marked contrast, the locus had no effect on either basal blood pressure or on the responses to acute administration of a ganglionic blocking agent, trimetaphan, or of an angiotensin II subtype 1 receptor antagonist, losartan. These findings provide strong direct support for the paradigm that genetic factors may influence the response to antihypertensive drugs and suggest that the heterogeneity seen in the responses to different antihypertensive agents in human essential hypertension may have a significant genetic determination.
Effects of Aerobic Training, Resistance Training, or Both on Percentage Body Fat and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Obese Adolescents
Authors: Ronald J. Sigal, Angela S. Alberga, Gary S. Goldfield, Denis Prud’homme, Stasia Hadjiyannakis, Réjeanne Gougeon, Penny Phillips, Heather Tulloch, Janine Malcolm, Steve Doucette, George A. Wells, Jinhui Ma, Glen P. Kenny
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

Little evidence exists on which exercise modality is optimal for obese adolescents.To determine the effects of aerobic training, resistance training, and combined training on percentage body fat in overweight and obese adolescents.Randomized, parallel-group clinical trial at community-based exercise facilities in Ottawa (Ontario) and Gatineau (Quebec), Canada, among previously inactive postpubertal adolescents aged 14 to 18 years (Tanner stage IV or V) with body mass index at or above the 95th percentile for age and sex or at or above the 85th percentile plus an additional diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular risk factor.After a 4-week run-in period, 304 participants were randomized to the following 4 groups for 22 weeks: aerobic training (n = 75), resistance training (n = 78), combined aerobic and resistance training (n = 75), or nonexercising control (n = 76). All participants received dietary counseling, with a daily energy deficit of 250 kcal.The primary outcome was percentage body fat measured by magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and 6 months. We hypothesized that aerobic training and resistance training would each yield greater decreases than the control and that combined training would cause greater decreases than aerobic or resistance training alone.Decreases in percentage body fat were -0.3 (95% CI, -0.9 to 0.3) in the control group, -1.1 (95% CI, -1.7 to -0.5) in the aerobic training group (P = .06 vs controls), and -1.6 (95% CI, -2.2 to -1.0) in the resistance training group (P = .002 vs controls). The -1.4 (95% CI, -2.0 to -0.8) decrease in the combined training group did not differ significantly from that in the aerobic or resistance training group. Waist circumference changes were -0.2 (95% CI, -1.7 to 1.2) cm in the control group, -3.0 (95% CI, -4.4 to -1.6) cm in the aerobic group (P = .006 vs controls), -2.2 (95% CI -3.7 to -0.8) cm in the resistance training group (P = .048 vs controls), and -4.1 (95% CI, -5.5 to -2.7) cm in the combined training group. In per-protocol analyses (≥ 70% adherence), the combined training group had greater changes in percentage body fat (-2.4, 95% CI, -3.2 to -1.6) vs the aerobic group (-1.2; 95% CI, -2.0 to -0.5; P = .04 vs the combined group) but not the resistance group (-1.6; 95% CI, -2.5 to -0.8).Aerobic, resistance, and combined training reduced total body fat and waist circumference in obese adolescents. In more adherent participants, combined training may cause greater decreases than aerobic or resistance training alone.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00195858.