tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Functional inactivation of neutrophils with a Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) monoclonal antibody protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat liver
Authors: Hartmut Jaeschke, Anwar Farhood, Abraham P. Bautista, Zoltan Spolarics, John J. Spitzer, Wayne C. Smith
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

The role of neutrophil CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1) adhesion proteins in the pathogenesis of hepatic reperfusion injury was investigated in an experimental model. Male Fischer rats were treated with a CD11b monoclonal antibody or an isotype-matched IgM control antibody and subjected to 45 min of hepatic ischemia followed by 24 hr of reperfusion. Large numbers of neutrophils were present in postischemic liver lobes (1,241 ± 64 polymorphonuclear cells/50 high-power fields) compared with numbers in baseline measurements (14 ± 3 polymorphonuclear cells/50 high-power fields), and severe liver injury was observed after 24 hr of reperfusion (hepatic necrosis: 88% ± 2%). Pretreatment with the CD11b antibody (two doses of 2 mg/kg each) significantly attenuated liver injury and reduced the number of polymorphonuclear cells in the postischemic liver by 59%. Selective treatment with the antibody only during reperfusion was similarly effective. The increased spontaneous superoxide formation of neutrophils isolated from postischemic liver (1.05 ± 0.11 nmol O 2 − /hr/10 6 cells) was reduced by 56% in neutrophils from CD11b antibody-treated animals. Flow cytometric analysis of CD11b/CD18 expression on circulating neutrophils demonstrated significant upregulation at all time points during reperfusion. Clone 17 also effectively inhibited neutrophil extravasation in a glycogen peritonitis model. Our data are consistent with a dual protective effect of the CD11b antibody in hepatic reperfusion injury in vivo (i.e., reduced accumulation of neutrophils and their functional inactivation). (Hepatology 1993;17:915-923.)
Ceftriaxone in Haemophilus influenzae Type b Meningitis-Reply
Authors: Richard F. Jacobs
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —I am in agreement with Dr Bradley regarding his statement that our case does not warrant a change in recommendations for cephalosporin therapy as an equally effective alternative to ampicillin and chloramphenicol in children with meningitis. This continued enthusiasm for cephalosporins is reflected in the empirical antibiotic regimens utilized in infants and children with suspected meningitis at Arkansas Children's Hospital. Older infants (out of the nursery and up to 3 months of age) receive ampicillin and cefotaxime; children over 3 months of age receive cefotaxime alone pending culture and susceptibility data. I disagree that the most likely explanation in this case is an antibiotic dosing or laboratory error. The physician orders, nurse medication log, and pharmacy log corroborated a regimen of 50 mg/kg of ceftriaxone every 12 hours. It would be difficult to explain the growth of<i>H influenzae</i>type b from a CSF sample that was consistent
Prevention has an important role in the treatment of migraines, researchers say
Authors: B. Kermode-Scott
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Prophylaxis should be considered for patients whose migraines affect their quality of life despite appropriate symptomatic treatment, or who are at risk of headache through overuse of drugs, says a Canadian systematic review of studies investigating migraine prevention. ( CMAJ 2010 doi:10.1503/cmaj.081657).

The review, by researchers from the University of Calgary, looked at prospective, double blind, randomised, controlled trials of drugs commonly used in clinical practice in North America and Europe to prevent migraines. These included antiepileptics, antidepressants, antihypertensives and vitamins, minerals, and herbal agents.

The antidepressant amitriptyline and the antiepileptic topiramate were shown to be “very effective”—most people experience clinically significant improvement.

Four trials evaluated amitriptyline as prophylaxis for migraine, and all reported a beneficial effect. One trial of 100 patients found an odds ratio of 2.41 (95% confidence interval 1.07 to …
Payment by results may undermine services for drug users, warn specialists
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Plans by the UK government to pilot a “payment by results” scheme to fund treatment and recovery services for illicit drug users might not deliver the benefits expected and could even undermine service provision, warns a report from an independent drug policy group.

The UK Drug Policy Commission, a group of leading specialists in drug treatment set up in 2007 to provide objective analysis of drug policy, reviewed the government’s plans to introduce payment by results to fund drug services.

The government is planning to introduce six pilot schemes using payment by results for drug recovery services in 2011. Under this system, providers of drug treatment will be paid only after they have provided the service on the basis of the results they …
Efficacy of tracheal gas insufflation in acute respiratory distress syndrome with permissive hypercapnia.
Authors: P H Kuo, H D Wu, C J Yu, S C Yang, Y L Lai, P C Yang
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

This study was conducted to assess the CO2-elimination efficiency of tracheal gas insufflation (TGI) in 20 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and to compare its efficacy during volume-controlled (VCV) and pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV). TGI was initially applied as an adjunct to VCV, with continuous flows (Vcath) of 4 and 6 L/min delivered through a catheter positioned 2 cm above the carina. Total effective tidal volume (VTeff) was held constant. The percent reductions in PaCO2 (% delta PaCO2) were 13.3 +/- 2.1 and 16.7 +/- 2.7% at Vcath 4 and 6 L/min, respectively, which correlated well with the percent reduction in the end-tidal PCO2 from baseline (% delta PETCO2) (r = 0.75, p < 0.001). An inverse relationship (r = -0.65, p < 0.001 and r = -0.59, p < 0.01 at Vcath 4 and 6 L/min, respectively) was found between the % delta PaCO2 and the baseline ratio of artery to PETCO2 difference to PaCO2, which was determined as the fraction of alveolar dead space (VDalv) relative to total alveolar ventilation. Twelve patients were subsequently switched to PCV combined with Vcath 6 L/min, which provided a % delta PaCO2 of 16.1 +/- 3.0% (p = NS versus 17.1 +/- 2.6% during VCV). These data suggest that in patients with ARDS the change in PETCO2 may be helpful in predicting the decrement in PaCO2 during TGI, and the existence of a high VDalv tends to limit its effectiveness. Further, the efficacy of TGI with VCV is equivalent to that with PCV.
PRACTICAL MEASURES IN THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF PUERPERAL SEPSIS
Authors: B. P. WATSON
Journal: JAMA (1934)

The cause, prevention and treatment of puerperal sepsis have been discussed since obstetrics began to have a literature of its own. It is held as a reproach to the medical profession that puerperal sepsis still continues to take such a large toll of human life and that efforts for its prevention and cure have fallen far short of success. Of late years there has been much criticism in the lay press regarding the present state of affairs. Such publicity is good so far as it stimulates improvement, but, since much that is written distorts the facts or puts them in the wrong perspective, it is harmful. That the medical profession is alive to the problem is evidenced by the vast amount of work being done on it in every part of the world, and by the voluminous literature that has accumulated in the past ten years. Space will not permit
Cytomegalovirus reactivation and tumour necrosis factor
Authors: W.D. Döcke, E. Fietze, U. Syrbe, R. von Baehr, H.D. Volk, S. Prösch, V. Kimel, D.H. Krüger, H. Zuckermann, C. Klug
Journal: The Lancet (1994)
Public health psychiatry or crime prevention?
Authors: N. Eastman
Journal: BMJ (1999)

In the wake of the recommendations of the Fallon inquiry into the personality disorder unit at Ashworth Hospital 1 2 the government has now announced its own solution to the problems presented by people with antisocial3 or dissocial4 personality disorder.5 After a joint Home Office and Department of Health review which ran in parallel with the Fallon inquiry it has proposed for consultation new services and law. Although not prescriptive about the detail of its solution, both the government's philosophy and its resolve are clear. In pursuing, above all, public protection, it intends services which essentially hybridise punishment and health care, with law that allows preventive detention of even the unconvicted.

The uncertain treatability of antisocial personality disorder,6 consequent professional therapeutic ambivalence,7 and inherent uncertainty about the moral status of the condition (whether individuals “suffering” from it are mad or bad)8 combine sensibly to imply a hybrid service solution which is far more radical than that which emerged from the last government's attempt at a similar review.9 Reflecting its close look at various European service models, the present government seems to intend a “third way,” involving establishing new specialist institutions which would be hybrids of prison and hospital and would house only people with severe personality disorder.

This contrasts with the solution proposed by Fallon …
Apelin Expression in Human Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Role in Angiogenesis and Prognosis
Authors: Judit Berta, Istvan Kenessey, Judit Dobos, Jozsef Tovari, Walter Klepetko, Hendrik Jan Ankersmit, Balazs Hegedus, Ferenc Renyi-Vamos, Janos Varga, Zsolt Lorincz, Sandor Paku, Gyula Ostoros, Anita Rozsas, Jozsef Timar, Balazs Dome
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Hemodynamic Patterns in Essential Hypertension
Authors: SAMUEL FINKIELMAN, MANUEL WORCEL, ALBERTO AGREST
Journal: Circulation (1965)

Hemodynamic studies, including cardiac output, arterial blood pressure, run-off index, flow cessation pressure, and blood volume, were performed in 20 normotensive control subjects, 17 labile hypertensive patients and 20 patients with fixed hypertension, 10 of them with a mild elevation of the diastolic pressure and 10 classified as severe because of a diastolic blood pressure above 110 mm. Hg. In labile hypertension cardiac output was elevated, whereas blood volume, peripheral resistance, run-off index and flow cessation pressure were normal when blood pressure was high. This hemodynamic pattern was interpreted as due to an enhanced myocardial contractile energy or a restriction of the capacity vascular bed. In mild fixed hypertension total peripheral resistance and flow cessation pressure were uniformly increased, but cardiac output and run-off index were normal. This pattern may be explained by the influence of flow autoregulation and the barostatic mechanism. In severe fixed hypertension blood volume, cardiac output, and peripheral resistance were found to be high. Renal ischemia and secondary hyperaldosteronism may determine the development of this last stage of hypertension.
Estimation of Stroke Volume in the Dog by a Pulse Contour Method
Authors: NICHOLAS T. KOUCHOUKOS, LOUIS C. SHEPPARD, DONALD A. McDONALD
Journal: Circulation Research (1970)

A method for estimating the stroke volume (SV) from the systolic area of a single-channel record of the central aortic pressure has been tested in 12 anesthetized open-chest dogs. The formula used was SV = K·Psa·(1 + Ts/Td), where Psa is the area under the systolic part of the curve above end-diastolic pressure, Ts and Td are the durations of systole and diastole, respectively, and K is an arbitrary constant derived from measurement of an initial SV by electromagnetic flowmeter in each dog and used thereafter without change, in that dog. In the 12 dogs, 541 simultaneous determinations of SV by the pressure contour and electromagnetic flowmeter methods were compared under normal and altered circulatory conditions employing 12 different interventions. The total range of SV was 2.4 to 28.1 ml, of heart rate 35 to 207/min, and of mean arterial pressure 24 to 166 mm Hg. The overall correlation coefficient (r) was 0.928 with a regression line y = 1.04x + 0.21 ml (SE) of estimate, ±17.4%. Except for three sympathomimetic drugs, the r values for all other interventions ranged from 0.93 to 0.99. These observations compare favorably with those of previously reported pulse contour methods. The windkessel origin of the formula is noted, and a new derivation from a modification of the "water-hammer" equation is given.
Cutting-Edge Medicine: What Psychiatrists Need to Know
Authors: M. Hartshorn
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A new class of antimycobacterial drugs: the diarylquinolines
Authors: I Samson
Journal: Thorax (2005)

▴ Andries K, Verhasselt P, Guillemont J, et al . A diarylquinoline drug active on the ATP synthase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Science2005;307:223–7 [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] Over three million people die from tuberculosis (TB) every year, and drug resistance is an increasing problem. This paper reports the development of a promising new anti-TB agent, R207910, a diarylquinoline. It acts as an inhibitor of mycobacterial … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1126%252Fscience.1106753%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15591164%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=sci&resid=307/5707/223&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F60%2F6%2F495.atom
ANGIOGRAPHIC QUANTIFICATION OF THROMBUS IN ACUTE ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH MICROVASCULAR DYSFUNCTION EVEN AFTER ASPIRATION THROMBECTOMY: A PROSPECTIVE TRIAL ASSESSED WITH INDEX OF MICROCIRCULATORY RESISTANCE
Authors: Byung Ok Kim, Hyo Seung Ahn, Joung Hoon Kim, Hye Young Lee, Young-Sup Byun, Kun Joo Rhee
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Targeting the mTOR pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma: Current state and future trends
Authors: Matthias S. Matter, Thomas Decaens, Jesper B. Andersen, Snorri S. Thorgeirsson
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)

Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates cell growth, metabolism and aging in response to nutrients, cellular energy stage and growth factors. mTOR is frequently up-regulated in cancer including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is associated with bad prognosis, poorly differentiated tumors, and earlier recurrence. Blocking mTOR with rapamycin and first generation mTOR inhibitors, called rapalogs, has shown promising reduction of HCC tumor growth in preclinical models. Currently, rapamycin/rapalogs are used in several clinical trials for the treatment of advanced HCC, and as adjuvant therapy in HCC patients after liver transplantation and TACE. A second generation of mTOR pathway inhibitors has been developed recently and is being tested in various clinical trials of solid cancers, and has been used in preclinical HCC models. The results of series of clinical trials using mTOR inhibitors in HCC treatment will emerge in the near future.
Chemotherapy Delivery Issues in Central Nervous System Malignancy: A Reality Check
Authors: Leslie L. Muldoon, Carole Soussain, Kristoph Jahnke, Conrad Johanson, Tali Siegal, Quentin R. Smith, Walter A. Hall, Kullervo Hynynen, Peter D. Senter, David M. Peereboom, Edward A. Neuwelt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

This review assesses the current state of knowledge regarding preclinical and clinical pharmacology for brain tumor chemotherapy and evaluates relevant brain tumor pharmacology studies before October 2006.Chemotherapeutic regimens in brain tumor therapy have often emerged from empirical clinical studies with retrospective pharmacologic explanations, rather than prospective trials of rational chemotherapeutic approaches. Brain tumors are largely composed of CNS metastases of systemic cancers. Primary brain tumors, such as glioblastoma multiforme or primary CNS lymphomas, are less common. Few of these tumors have well-defined optimal treatment. Brain tumors are protected from systemic chemotherapy by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and by intrinsic properties of the tumors. Pharmacologic studies of delivery of conventional chemotherapeutics and novel therapeutics showing actual tumor concentrations and biologic effect are lacking.In this article, we review drug delivery across the BBB, as well as blood-tumor and -cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barriers, and mechanisms to increase drug delivery to CNS and CSF tumors. Because of the difficulty in treating CNS tumors, innovative treatments and alternative delivery techniques involving brain/cord capillaries, choroid plexus, and CSF are needed.
Identification of homologous regions in human immunodeficiency virus I gp41 and human MHC class II beta 1 domain. I. Monoclonal antibodies against the gp41-derived peptide and patients' sera react with native HLA class II antigens, suggesting a role for autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
Authors: H Golding, F A Robey, F T Gates, W Linder, P R Beining, T Hoffman, B Golding
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Homologous regions of five amino acids each, were identified in the NH2-terminal domain of human class II beta chains and the COOH terminus of HIV I envelope protein. The homologous regions are highly conserved among different DR and DQ alleles and also among different isolates of HIV. Septamers containing these sequences were synthesized and used for the generation of murine mAbs. The mAbs selected for this study were raised against the HIV I-derived peptide and reacted strongly not only with the immunizing peptide, but also with the homologous class II-derived peptide. These mAbs also reacted with native MHC class II antigens expressed on human B cell lines and on murine fibroblast L cell lines transfected with the genes coding for the alpha and beta chains of human class II antigens. Furthermore, sera from 36% of AIDS patients tested contained antibodies that reacted with the class II-derived peptide, as well as with intact class II molecule-rich cell extracts. Such antibodies in HIV I-infected individuals may recognize self class II antigens, triggering autoimmune mechanisms that could contribute to the development of immunodeficiency in AIDS patients.
The relationship of TP53 R72P polymorphism to disease outcome and TP53 mutation in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: K L McGraw, L M Zhang, D E Rollison, A A Basiorka, W Fulp, B Rawal, A Jerez, D L Billingsley, H-Y Lin, S E Kurtin, S Yoder, Y Zhang, K Guinta, M Mallo, F Solé, M J Calasanz, J Cervera, E Such, T González, T J Nevill, T Haferlach, A E Smith, A Kulasekararaj, G Mufti, A Karsan, J P Maciejewski, L Sokol, P K Epling-Burnette, S Wei, A F List
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2015)

Nonsynonymous TP53 exon 4 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), R72P, is linked to cancer and mutagen susceptibility. R72P associations with specific cancer risk, particularly hematological malignancies, have been conflicting. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with chromosome 5q deletion is characterized by erythroid hypoplasia arising from lineage-specific p53 accumulation resulting from ribosomal insufficiency. We hypothesized that apoptotically diminished R72P C-allele may influence predisposition to del(5q) MDS. Bone marrow and blood DNA was sequenced from 705 MDS cases (333 del(5q), 372 non-del(5q)) and 157 controls. Genotype distribution did not significantly differ between del(5q) cases (12.6% CC, 38.1% CG, 49.2% GG), non-del(5q) cases (9.7% CC, 44.6% CG, 45.7% GG) and controls (7.6% CC, 37.6% CG, 54.8% GG) (P=0.13). Allele frequency did not differ between non-del(5q) and del(5q) cases (P=0.91) but trended towards increased C-allele frequency comparing non-del(5q) (P=0.08) and del(5q) (P=0.10) cases with controls. Median lenalidomide response duration increased proportionate to C-allele dosage in del(5q) patients (2.2 (CC), 1.3 (CG) and 0.89 years (GG)). Furthermore, C-allele homozygosity in del(5q) was associated with prolonged overall and progression-free survival and non-terminal interstitial deletions that excluded 5q34, whereas G-allele homozygozity was associated with inferior outcome and terminal deletions involving 5q34 (P=0.05). These findings comprise the largest MDS R72P SNP analysis.
Microbiological markers suggesting high inoculum size at time of surgery are risk factors for relapse in patients with Staphylococcus aureus prosthetic joint infection
Authors: Anissa Bouaziz, Ilker Uçkay, Sébastien Lustig, André Boibieux, Frédéric Laurent, Daniel Lew, Pierre Hoffmeyer, Philippe Neyret, Christian Chidiac, Tristan Ferry
Journal: Journal of Infection (2012)
The placebo response to white soft paraffin/propylene glycol in the skin blanching test
Authors: R. WOODFORD, B.W. BARRY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

Journal Article The placebo response to white soft paraffin/propylene glycol in the skin blanching test Get access R. WOODFORD, R. WOODFORD School of Pharmacy, Portsmouth Polytechnic, Park Road, Portsmouth Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B.W. BARRY B.W. BARRY School of Pharmacy, Portsmouth Polytechnic, Park Road, Portsmouth Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 89, Issue 1, 1 July 1973, Pages 53–59, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1973.tb01917.x Published: 01 July 1973 Article history Accepted: 03 January 1973 Published: 01 July 1973
Treatment of gastric ulcer with carbenoxolone: antagonistic effect of spironolactone.
Authors: R Doll, M J Langman, H H Shawdon
Journal: Gut (1968)

Controlled trials have shown that the rate of healing of gastric ulcers is increased by treatment with carbenoxolone sodium, but that fluid retention is produced as a side effect sufficiently often to limit the freedom with which the drug can be prescribed (Doll, Hill, Hutton, and Underwood, 1962; Doll, Hill, and Hutton, 1965; Horwich and Galloway, 1965).We have, therefore, sought a method of using carbenoxolone which would minimize the side effects without reducing its therapeutic value and have examined the effect of two dose levels of the drug and two different diuretic regimes.