tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
C-Reactive Protein Levels Are Not Associated with Increased Risk for Colorectal Cancer in Women
Authors: Shumin M. Zhang, Julie E. Buring, I-Min Lee, Nancy R. Cook, Paul M. Ridker
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Background: Observations that risk for colorectal cancer is elevated in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and that long-term use of anti-inflammatory drugs may reduce colorectal cancer risk have raised the possibility that inflammation may play a role in the development of colorectal cancer. While a recent prospective study observed a positive association between C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation, and risk for colon cancer, data testing this hypothesis are sparse. Objective: To evaluate whether plasma CRP levels predict colorectal cancer risk in women. Design: Prospective cohort study, with 97% morbidity follow-up and 100% mortality follow-up within the past 2 years. Setting: Women's Health Study. Participants: 27 913 apparently healthy women age 45 years or older who had CRP measured at entry into a trial of low-dose aspirin and vitamin E. Maximum length of intervention and follow-up was 10.8 years. Measurements: Self-reported incident colorectal adenocarcinoma confirmed by medical record review. Results: 169 women developed colorectal adenocarcinomas during follow-up. Baseline CRP levels were not significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk. The multivariate hazard ratios according to cutoff points for CRP proposed in clinical guidelines were 0.79 (95% CI, 0.53 to 1.17) for the category of 1 to 3 mg/L and 0.66 (CI, 0.43 to 1.03) for the category of greater than 3 mg/L (P for trend = 0.09), as compared with the category of less than 1 mg/L. High CRP levels were also not associated with increased risk in analyses done according to tumor location and stage at diagnosis, according to alternative cutoff points for CRP, or in any of the subgroups evaluated. Limitations: Despite multivariate analysis, residual confounding might still be present. Although this study was prospective, we cannot completely exclude undetected cancer at baseline. Measurements for CRP were available for only 71% of women in the cohort; however, the women who did and those who did not provide blood were mostly similar. Conclusions: Plasma CRP levels do not appear to predict an increased risk for developing colorectal cancer in apparently healthy women. Low-grade inflammation may not play an important role in increasing the risk for colorectal cancer.
Management of virus cental nervous system disease.
Authors: H E Webb
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Virus infections of the central nervous system (C.N.S.) still present a major problem of both diagnosis and management.As each year goes by more and more diseases of the C.N.S. are found to have a viral aetiology.Among the most recent is the subacute sclerosing panencephalitis of measles.' 2 There are many others which are still borderline problems-for example, the progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy occurring in association with certain types of malignant disease in which particles looking like virions of the papova group of viruses have been seen in large numbers in glial cells.3Kuru, the fascinating progressive neurological disorder of the Fore tribe in New Guinea, has now been transmitted to monkeys, parti- cularly chimpanzees.4The agent responsible for this is of ultra-microscope size and may well be a virus.Many other diseases, such as disseminated sclerosis and motor neurone disease, may be associated with some viral type agent.It is therefore somewhat difficult to generalize about the management of virus C.N.S. disease, but it is clear, however, that one must think in terms of acute viral C.N.S. disease and chronic " slow" or " latent" type virus disease.By far the most important is the acute viral C.N.S. disease. Acute Viral C.N.S. DiseaseThis is seen all over the world as encephalomyelitis.This term is used as for practical purposes encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) or meningitis (inflammation of the meninges) or myelitis (inflammation of the spinal cord) does not exist alone as a clinical entity.The emphasis of the clinical disease may be on any one of these three, but all components are invariably present, and this affects prognosis.For example, what is thought to be a fairly simple case of aseptic meningitis may develop at a later date unpleasant psychological sequelae, such as changes in sleep rhythm, temper tantrums, and changes in personality.Yet at the time of the illness no obvious lesions indicating brain involvement could be detected by ordinary clinical examination.Awareness of this situation will affect management, prognosis, and the handling of relatives.Acute C.N.S. viral disease is that in which clinical C.N.S. involvement occurs within-one month of the primary infection.This is a somewhat arbitrary figure, based on personal experience of different types of encephalomyelitis seen both in Europe and the tropics.It ranges from infections with poliomyelitis, Japanese B virus encephalitis (insect borne), Coxsackie viruses, and those of the specific fevers such as chicken-pox, measles, and mumps.The encephalomyelitic phase occurs as a second phase of the disease after the viraemia has finished.The length of time between this first and second phase varies with different viruses.It may be up to 14 days with members of the tick-borne
Protective effect of preconditioning on the injury associated to hepatic ischemia-reperfusion in the rat: Role of nitric oxide and adenosine
Authors: C Peralta, G Hotter, D Closa, E Gelpí, O Bulbena, J Rosello-Catafau
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

The effects of ischemic preconditioning on rat liver integrity, as well as the implication of nitric oxide (NO) and adenosine in this process, has been evaluated. Preconditioning before ischemia-reperfusion prevented the increases in alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, but did not modify blood flow. Adenosine or NO administration previous to hepatic ischemia-reperfusion simulated the effect of preconditioning, whereas inhibition of adenosine or NO synthesis abolished the protective effect of hepatic preconditioning. Nevertheless, inhibition of adenosine and simultaneous administration of NO in preconditioned animals offered similar results to those found in the preconditioned group, indicating that, in the absence of adenosine, NO is able to maintain the preconditioning benefits. It is suggested that, in preconditioning, adenosine stimulates NO production to protect against the injury associated with ischemia-reperfusion.
A NEOPLASM OF MONOCYTES OF MICE AND ITS RELATION TO SIMILAR NEOPLASMS OF MAN
Authors: J. Furth
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1939)

A transmissible neoplasm of mice characterized by malignant cells resembling histiocytes (monocytes) is described. The morphology of these cells and the microscopic appearance of the lesions are similar to those of human neoplasms formed by histiocytes. The malignant histiocytes form tumor-like masses in the liver and spleen and infiltrate these and other tissues. They are present in small numbers in the blood of many mice when the disease is far advanced. The malignant cells have scant phagocytic ability. The fixed cells of the host (endothelial cells and fibroblasts) have no significant part in the production of the lesions of the disease. Transmission is readily accomplished when material containing the malignant histiocytes is used for inoculations, but fails in their absence. Attempts to demonstrate a cell-free transmitting agent have been unsuccessful.
Resistance to interference and the emergence of delayed gains in newly acquired procedural memories: Synaptic and system consolidation?
Authors: Maria Korman, Tamar Flash, Avi Karni
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

The progressive multistage stabilization of memory (consolidation) relies on post-acquisition neural reorganization. We hypothesize that two processes subserve procedural memory consolidation and are reflected in delayed post-acquisition performance gains: (1) synaptic consolidation, which is classical Hebbian, and (2) in some tasks, concurrently or consequently, “system consolidation,” which might in some skills be sleep-dependent. Behavioral interference may affect either type of consolidation.
A Short History of Marriage.
Authors: Edward Westermarck
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
UN and Red Cross dispatch aid to refugees from violence in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

UN agencies and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) have dispatched humanitarian aid, including medical supplies, to assist more than 1000 injured people, and over 200 000 people displaced within their country by the outbreak of violence in southern Kyrgyzstan. 

The relief agencies are also sending assistance to more than 75 000 refugees who have sought safety in neighbouring Uzbekistan since inter-ethnic violence escalated on 10 June, with reports of continued killings and the burning of residences, shops, and other properties.

The ICRC said on Tuesday 15 June that its team on the ground reported “several hundred people have been killed in the fighting, although it’s too early to say precisely how many as a number of bodies have already been buried.”

Anna …
Jeevan Muddappa Deyanda
Authors: P. d. Lacy
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Jeevan Muddappa Deyanda was a dedicated, hard working cardiology trainee who died prematurely in 2007. He was born in Bangalore, Karnataka, India. He attended primary school in his home city and continued his secondary schooling at a boarding school in a neighbouring state. He undertook his medical degree at Mysore Medical College, during which time his father fell ill with complications from a suspected myocardial infarction.

Soon after Jeevan completed his house officer posts in a hospital in Mysore, he travelled to Russia to take part in cardiology research at the Moscow Medical Academy. …
Crystal Structures of Der f 1, Der p 1 and a Der f 1 Allergen-Antibody Complex: Localization of Antibody Binding Epitopes
Authors: M. Chruszcz, M.D. Chapman, E.A. Stura, L.D. Vailes, J. Saint-Remy, W. Minor, A. Pomés
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Borderline Hypertensives Volunteering for Follow-Up and Biofeedback
Authors: Hoyle Leigh, James Ungerer, Adrian Ostfeld, Robert Drake, Morton F. Reiser
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1976)

We compared the locus of control scores of the following groups: (1) 19 male borderline hypertensives volunteering for biofeedback treatment; (2) 100 consecutive males who were screened for hypertension; (3) 30 male cancer patients receiving radiation therapy, and (4) the normative data from college students. The biofeedback volunteer group was significantly more internal in locus of control as compared to all other groups. The locus of control of the borderline hypertensives within the screened population did not differ from the normotensives, but the screened population as a whole had a relatively internal locus of control. Our findings imply that the 'internals' may be more attracted to self-control treatments like biofeedback, and data generated from this particular population may have limited generalizability, especially in regard to 'externals'.
Native LDL induces interleukin-8 expression via H2O2, p38 Kinase, and activator protein-1 in human aortic smooth muscle cells
Authors: S Ryoo
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Background and objectives: Endothelial and monocytic cells appear to play a key role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and restenosis via the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and the formation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). However, the role of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) has been underestimated and is not well understood. It was investigated for the first time that native LDL stimulates human SMCs to secrete IL-8. The aim of this study was to investigate the signaling pathway involved in the upregulation of IL-8, induced by LDL in human aortic SMCs. Methods and results: LDL-induced IL-8 expression (mRNA and protein) is specific to SMCs and likely to be regulated at the transcription level in dose- and time-dependent manners, as judged by experiments with actinomycin D and ELISA. Although both p38 and ERK 1/2 MAPKs were activated by LDL, only p38 MAPK is responsible for the LDL effects, as evidenced by a complete blockade of IL-8 upregulation by SB203580. Pretreatment with catalase significantly decreased the extent of IL-8 upregulation, indicating that H2O2 is necessary for the LDL response. Activation of activator protein (AP)-1, but not nuclear factor (NF)-κB, by p38 or H2O2 appears to be necessary along with the concomitant upregulation of c-fos and c-JUN, as judged by electrophoretic mobility shift and luciferase reporter assays. Conclusions: These data demonstrated that LDL stimulates SMCs to induce IL-8 production in dose- and time-dependent manners at the transcription level and that the LDL signaling in hAoSMCs is conveyed via the generation of H2O2, the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, the activation of AP-1, and the participation of NF-κB.
Effect of central corticotropin releasing factor on hepatic circulation in rats: the role of the CRF2 receptor in the brain
Authors: M Yoneda
Journal: Gut (2005)

<b>Backgrounds:</b> Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) is distributed in the central nervous system and acts as a neurotransmitter to regulate gastric functions through vagal-muscarinic pathways. We have recently demonstrated that central CRF aggravates experimental acute liver injury in rats. In the present study, the central effect of CRF on hepatic circulation was investigated. <b>Methods:</b> Hepatic surface perfusion was determined by laser Doppler flowmetry in urethane anaesthetised rats. Portal pressure and portal blood flow was simultaneously monitored. CRF (0.1–4 nmol), urocortin II (a selective CRF<sub>2</sub> receptor agonist 2.5–100 pmol), or saline vehicle was injected intracisternally, and changes in hepatic circulation were observed for 120 minutes. We examined the effects of various pretreatments with K41498, a selective CRF<sub>2</sub> receptor antagonist, atropine, 6-hydroxydopamine, hepatic plexus denervation, or hepatic branch vagotomy, respectively. <b>Results:</b> Intracisternal injection of CRF (0.2–4 nmol) caused a dose dependent decrease in hepatic surface perfusion with a maximum response occurring 60 minutes post injection. Portal pressure was dose dependently elevated and portal blood flow was decreased by intracisternal CRF concurrently with the decrease in hepatic surface perfusion. These changes in hepatic circulation by intracisternal CRF were abolished by 6-hydroxydopamine and hepatic plexus denervation, but not by atropine or hepatic vagotomy. Urocortin II injected intracisternally decreased hepatic surface perfusion and elevated portal pressure at doses within the picomolar range. Intracisternal preadministration of K41498 inhibited the effect of central CRF on the hepatic circulation. <b>Conclusion:</b> These data suggest that CRF acts in the brain to decrease hepatic surface perfusion and elevate portal pressure through central CRF<sub>2</sub> receptor and sympathetic-noradrenergic pathways.
RCGP recommends GP federations but dismisses polyclinics
Authors: Deborah Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2007)

GPs should work together in collaborative groupings or “federations” to “provide the services patients want in the place they most want to receive it,” recommends a new report from the Royal College of General Practitioners. But it has come out against the establishment of polyclinics, as recommended by the health minister Ara Darzi in his recent report on health care in London ( BMJ 2007;335:61, 14 July doi: 10.1136/bmj.39273.467697.DB).

The college's report argues that the current state of primary care is not sustainable, because of the fragmentation of care. It says that health inequalities and comorbidities need particular attention.

“If we are to meet the …
Faith-Based Treatment for Addiction in Puerto Rico
Authors: H. Hansen
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 4514: Targeted liposomes to pancreatic cancer are effective in controlling the tumor load in mice.
Authors: Lavanya Kondapalli, Maria P. Lambros, Ying Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths. Targeted drug delivery to pancreas will increase the drug efficacy especially in inoperable tumors and reduce its toxicity. In this study we prepared targeted liposomes to SLC7A11 transporter which is upregulated in pancreatic cancers as our previous work has shown. The objective of our work was to evaluate the antitumor effect of targeted liposomes loaded with daunorubicin (DNR) in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Mice C57BL/6 were injected subcutaneously with 1x 106 PanO2 cells. When the tumors became palpable the mice were injected with different targeted or non targeted liposomal formulations of DNR. There were 5 groups: group A, saline; group B, free DNR; group C,DNR encapsulated in non-targeted liposomes; group D, DNR encapsulated in targeted liposomes; group E; DNR encapsulated in targeted liposomes with PEG. DNR dose was 5mg/kg once a week for the first two weeks. Another set of group of mice received a single dose. We measured the tumor size from the day of treatment until the animals were euthanized. On the day of autopsy, tumors were removed, sectioned and placed in a microscope to observe the DNR accumulation. Animals treated with targeted liposomes containing DNR had a significantly lower tumor load compared to those received DNR in nontargeted liposomes. The average body weight of animals that received free DNR shows a decrease which may be due to drug toxicity. Fluorescent images of tumor sections showed that the tumors treated with DNR in targeted liposomes had more fluorescence than tumors treated with free DNR or DNR encapsulated in nontargeted liposomes.The results indicate that DNR encapsulated in the targeted liposomes was more effective in reducing the tumor load compared to free DNR or DNR encapsulated in nontargeted liposomes. Citation Format: Lavanya Kondapalli, Maria P. Lambros, Ying Huang. Targeted liposomes to pancreatic cancer are effective in controlling the tumor load in mice. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4514. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4514
Splenic function in alcoholic liver disease.
Authors: A F Muller, P J Toghill
Journal: Gut (1992)

Splenic function was assessed in 42 patients with alcoholic liver disease by counting the percentage of erythrocytes with indentations or pits, seen by differential interference contrast microscopy. These pits represent cellular debris normally removed by the spleen. The findings were compared with 42 age and sex matched controls. Mean (SEM) pitted red cell counts in the patients was 2.7 (0.4)% and in the controls 0.7 (0.07)% (p &lt; 0.001). In all of the eight reformed drinkers (five with biopsy proven cirrhosis), cell counts were normal. Six patients with alcoholic liver disease had had serious infections within the past year. Of these, one had had a recent pneumococcal pneumonia and another of the patients died from overwhelming pneumococcal septicaemia. Both of these patients had evidence of functional hyposplenism as judged by high pitted erythrocyte counts. A total of 18 patients were considered to have pitted red cell counts above the normal, and 11 of these had proven cirrhosis and/or gross ascites. This study is the first to show the presence of functional hyposplenism in alcoholic liver disease and provides further evidence of the predisposition that these patients have to infection. At present, it is unclear whether the hyposplenism is a direct toxic effect of alcohol or the result of cirrhosis; further studies are warranted.
Current Surgical Therapy
Authors: Daniel J. Kacey
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal