tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Isolated Systolic Hypertension and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly
Authors: Bruce M. Psaty, Curt D. Furberg, Lewis H. Kuller, Nemat O. Borhani, Pentti M. Rautaharju, Daniel H. O’leary, Diane E. Bild, John A Robbins, Linda P. Fried, Cheryl Reid
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To assess the association between isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) and subclinical disease in adults aged 65 years and above.Medicare eligibility lists were used to obtain a representative sample of 5201 community-dwelling elderly persons for the Cardiovascular Health Study, a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute--sponsored cohort study of risk factors for coronary heart disease and stroke. In this cross-sectional analysis of baseline data, we excluded 3012 participants who were receiving antihypertensive medications, had clinical cardiovascular disease, or had a diastolic blood pressure of at least 90 mm Hg.For electrocardiogram: myocardial infarction, left ventricular hypertrophy, and left ventricular mass as measures of myocardial damage and strain; for echocardiography: left ventricular mass, fractional shortening, and Doppler flow velocities as measures of cardiac systolic and diastolic function; and for carotid sonography: carotid arterial intima-media thickness as a measure of atherosclerosis.Among the 2189 men and women in this analysis, 195 (9%) had ISH (systolic blood pressure, greater than or equal to 160 mm Hg) and 596 (23%) had borderline ISH (systolic blood pressure, 140 to 159 mm Hg). Systolic blood pressure was associated with myocardial infarction by electrocardiogram (P = .02). Borderline and definite ISH were strongly associated with left ventricular mass (P less than .001). While there was little association with cardiac systolic function, borderline and definite ISH were associated with cardiac diastolic function (P less than .001). Isolated systolic hypertension was also strongly associated with increased intima-media thickness of the carotid artery (P less than .001).While cohort analyses of future repeated measures will provide a better assessment of risk, both borderline and definite ISH were strongly related to a variety of measures of subclinical disease in elderly men and women.
Slow-Virus Infections of the Nervous System
Authors: D. Carleton Gajdusek
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THE term "slow infection" has been variously used and defined. I have taken it from the Icelandic worker in veterinary medicine, Dr. Bjorn Sigurdsson, who, returning to Iceland from work in the United States, isolated one viral agent after another from Icelandic sheep, each a virus that behaved very differently from viruses then being isolated in most other parts of the world. For a while it seemed as though slow viruses were purely Icelandic and that Icelandic sheep were unique. Sigurdsson defined slow infection as an infection of the host in which the agent continued to multiply, slowly producing progressive . . .
Metacognition without introspection
Authors: Peter Langland-Hassan
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract While Carruthers denies that humans have introspective access to cognitive attitudes such as belief, he allows introspective access to perceptual and quasi-perceptual mental states. Yet, despite his own reservations, the basic architecture he describes for third-person mindreading can accommodate first-person mindreading without need to posit a distinct “introspective” mode of access to any of one's own mental states.
The Lipstick Sign
Authors: ALFRED I. KAPLAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters1 January 1981The Lipstick SignALFRED I. KAPLAN, M.D., M.P.H., STANLEY SABIN, M.D.ALFRED I. KAPLAN, M.D., M.P.H.Search for more papers by this author, STANLEY SABIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-94-1-137_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We have noted that many of our female patients on feeling better or on "turning the corner" in their illnesses greet us on morning rounds with lipstick on their lips where none was present earlier in their hospitalization. In interviews, they tell us of a renewed sense of well-being, of having "turned the corner." Consequently, we have come to accept the "lipstick sign" as an accurate indicator of our patients' subjective status when it appears, even if physical findings seem to be at odds with probable improvement.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Leonard Morse Hospital Natick, MA 01760 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1981Volume 94, Issue 1Page: 137-137KeywordsEmotionsHospitalizations ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1981 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Effects of Infection on the Circulation
Authors: A. S. Freedberg, M. D. Altschule
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

THERE are many ways in which infection may give rise to circulatory disturbances, and it is the purpose of the present report to discuss the pathologic physiology of these disorders.A large number of infectious diseases, some still of doubtful etiology, give rise to vascular lesions. Included in this group are rheumatic fever, syphilis, Fiedler's myocarditis, acute disseminated lupus erythematosus, periarteritis nodosa, mycotic aneurysms, acute and subacute bacterial endocarditis, typhus fever and meningococcemia. Similarly, the various urticarias, purpuras and macular or papular rashes also represent the effects of vascular lesions. It is not our purpose to describe the pathologic anatomy . . .
Anglo-Canadian Exchange in General Practice: British View of Canadian General Practice
Authors: G. N. Marsh
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The Canadian general practitioner is remunerated by an item-of-service system of payment which encourages servicing demands rather than needs, discourages delegation of work to paramedical workers, and involves his staff in a massive amount of paper work. He has an excellent hospital attachment, which unfortunately is overdone. His community facilities are piecemeal and his office organization is rudimentary. There are few incentives for good general practice in the community. He spends an inordinate amount of time examining well people. The university departments of general practice are extremely good and much should be heard from them very quickly. The patient9s attitude towards his doctor is quite different from the one prevailing currently in Britain. I returned happily to British general practice.
A Mechanical Impediment to Intestinal Flow
Authors: LeRoy H. Stahlgren, Robert H. Roy, Guillermo Umana
Journal: JAMA (1964)

MASSIVE MASSIVE RESECTION of the small intestine may cause severe nutritional deficiencies which will not respond to diet or drug therapy. Because of this fact, patients who need massive resection, such as those with extensive regional enteritis, mesenteric vascular occlusion, intra-abdominal neoplasm, and so on, may be denied resection. Various surgical procedures designed to improve nutrition after massive resection have been studied in animals. These procedures have in common the objective of delaying the passage of food through the short segment of remaining intestine to prolong contact between food and mucosa.<sup>1</sup>In this regard the action of the ileocecal junction may be duplicated.<sup>1,2</sup>The reversed intestinal segment has been evaluated by Hammer et al,<sup>3</sup>Singleton et al,<sup>4</sup>and the authors. A serious disadvantage of the reversed segment, in our experience, is the narrow margin which exists between a beneficial delay in transit which is within a
Fcγ receptor antigen targeting potentiates cross-presentation by human blood and lymphoid tissue BDCA-3+ dendritic cells
Authors: Thijs W. H. Flinsenberg, Ewoud B. Compeer, Dan Koning, Mark Klein, Femke J. Amelung, Debbie van Baarle, Jaap Jan Boelens, Marianne Boes
Journal: Blood (2012)
Relationship between exhaled NO, respiratory symptoms, lung function, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and blood eosinophilia in school children
Authors: P A Steerenberg
Journal: Thorax (2003)

<b>Background:</b> Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) may serve as a non-invasive marker of airway inflammation but its relationship with other commonly used measures has not been evaluated. <b>Methods:</b> Levels of eNO in a sample of 450 children aged 7–12 years out of a total sample of 2504 school children living in different urban areas near motorways were determined. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the relationship between eNO, impairment of lung function (PEF, FVC, FEV<sub>1</sub> and MMEF), bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), and blood eosinophilia in children with and without atopy as assessed by skin prick testing. <b>Results:</b> Regression analysis showed that wheezing and nasal discharge and conjunctivitis that had occurred during the previous 12 months were positively associated with eNO levels in atopic children (relative increase of 1.48 and 1.41, respectively; p&lt;0.05) but not in non-atopic children. Similarly, BHR and the number of blood eosinophils per ml were positively associated with eNO levels in atopic children (relative increase of 1.55 and 2.29, respectively; p&lt;0.05) but not in non-atopic children. The lung function indices PEF, FVC, FEV<sub>1</sub> and MMEF were not associated with eNO levels. <b>Conclusions:</b> In addition to conventional lung function tests and symptom questionnaires, eNO is a suitable measure of airway inflammation and its application may reinforce the power of epidemiological surveys on respiratory health.
Is It Time for Medicine-Based Evidence?
Authors: John Concato
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Determinants and Functional Significance of Myocardial Perfusion Reserve in Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Christopher D. Steadman, Michael Jerosch-Herold, Benjamin Grundy, Suzanne Rafelt, Leong L. Ng, Iain B. Squire, Nilesh J. Samani, Gerry P. McCann
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2012)
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Problems in Diverticulitis
Authors: C. P. LeRoyer, Benjamin V. White
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

DIVERTICULOSIS and diverticulitis are relatively common in persons past the age of forty-five. Ochsner and Bargen1 discovered that in all the patients registered at the Mayo Clinic in 1933, x-ray study showed diverticulosis in 0.4 per cent, and 7 per cent of all autopsies revealed the presence of diverticula. This corresponds with Morton's2 figure of 6.5 per cent in 8500 autopsies at the University of Rochester. Among 24,620 cases in which barium enemas were performed Rankin and Brown3 found diverticulosis in 5.6 per cent.Diverticulitis occurs at some time in 17 to 27 per cent of all cases of diverticulosis. . . .
Splenic Abscess from Fusobacterium nucleatum
Authors: Stuart W. Haber
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1989Splenic Abscess from Fusobacterium nucleatumStuart W. Haber, MD, Carl A. Perlino, MDStuart W. Haber, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Carl A. Perlino, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-110-11-948_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:Splenic abscess is relatively uncommon. At one teaching institution, only 11 cases were found in a 30-year period (1). Splenic abscess has been associated with endocarditis, metastatic infection from other foci, trauma, and underlying immunodeficiency, and it has been found in intravenous drug abusers with or without endocarditis. We report a case of splenic abscess due to Fusobacterium nucleatum in a patient who had a history of intravenous drug abuse and no evidence of endocarditis. Fusobacterium nucleatum has not been reported previously in this setting; however, we describe a behavioral pattern that may have increased the likelihood...References1. Sarr M and Zuidema G. Splenic abscess—presentation, diagnosis and treatment. Surgery. 1982;92:480-5. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. Fry D, Richardson J, and Flint L. Occult splenic abscess: an unrecognized complication of heroin abuse. Surgery. 1978;84:650-4. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. Nallathambi M, Ivatury R, Lankin D, Wapnir I, and Stahl W. Pyogenic splenic abscess in intravenous drug addiction. Am Surg. 1987;53:342-6. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. Henry S, DeMaria A, and McCabe W. Bacteremia due to Fusobacterium species. Am J Med. 1983;75:225-31. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Stuart W. Haber, MD; Carl A. Perlino, MDAffiliations: Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA 30303 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAbcès profonds à germes anaérobies de localisation inhabituelle : à propos de cinq cas6-phospho-alpha-D-glucosidase from Fusobacterium mortiferum: cloning, expression, and assignment to family 4 of the glycosylhydrolasesFusobacterium nucleatum bacteraemia with multiple liver abscesses in an HIV-1 antibody positive man with IgG2 deficiency 1 June 1989Volume 110, Issue 11Page: 948-948KeywordsAbscessesAddictsDrug abuseEndocarditisImmunodeficiencies ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
Censorship of Medical Journals in Occupied Japan
Authors: Sey Nishimura
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Before the Pacific War, Yukie Kiriyama attended the University of Washington in Seattle as a foreign student. At a gathering of Japanese nationals, she saw a film that asserted, "Japan is a divine country, and will eventually incorporate Southeast Asia into the Empire." Thereafter, Kiriyama was uncomfortable with Japanese militarism; when the war ended, she felt revived at 31 years of age. In autumn 1945, Kiriyama began working as a reader and translator for the Magazine Section of the Press, Pictorial, and Broadcast Division (PPB) of the Civil Censorship Detachment (CCD) of the Occupation forces (officially known as the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers [SCAP]). Kiriyama's colleagues included Senzô Furuya, a 51-year-old former professor of English literature at Nippon University, who began working at the CCD after the university was completely demolished by US air raids, and Noboru Sakai, 28 years old, a graduate of the English Department of
Power &amp;amp; Illness: The Political Sociology of Health and Medical Care
Authors: Philip C. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Does sociology possess certain technical skills that can reliably produce useful insights into difficult problems? Calm debate and study over the years suggest that the correct answer is no. Sociology still has evolved little or no overlap with the true sciences. Sociology does seem mainly to be a form of advocacy concerned with various issues—in this book, with the promotion of social reforms. Krause is an able, sincere journalist interested in consumer advocacy and extensive reform of the medical professions. He is a prominent sociologist at Northeastern University; a social reformer, generally; and "left-critical" in politics. He prefers the perspective of modern Marxian theory. Even though Krause seems eager to offend the traditional physician by using left-wing Marxian language and the radical journalistic style of unpleasantly bitter criticisms and accusations, he is far too sophisticated and experienced to write a trivial, angry polemic. The persistent reader will find useful analyses
THE PSYCHO-PHYSICAL RELATIONS OF MAN, CONSIDERED FROM THE STANDPOINT OF A PRACTITIONER OF MEDICINE.Read before the Binghamton Academy of Medicine Oct. 19, 1893.
Authors: JOHN M. FARRINGTON
Journal: JAMA (1894)

(Continued from page 450). Excessive fright has often been productive of grave results, and in many instances, of sudden death. Among the grave diseases induced by fright are mentioned typhus, epilepsy and apoplexy. Fear excites especially enuresis, diarrhea and generally produces a relaxation of the sphincters of the mucous passages, causes abortion and predisposes to attacks of contagious and miasmatic disease, while it aggravates every disorder and often renders them fatal. We might, if time would permit, refer to many recorded cases of positive and even fatal illness being induced by the imagination only, but one instance or illustration must suffice. Lord Stanhope relates the following: "An English physician while walking with a friend and conversing with him upon the power of the imagination in its effect upon the health observed a robust and healthy laborer approaching; to prove to his friend the truth of his opinion he accosted the
European Union to send medical aid to Guatemala
Authors: J. Hamilton
Journal: BMJ (1997)

One of the United Nation's overlooked but none the less spectacular successes has been the brokering of a definitive end to Guatemala's brutal 36 year civil war in 1996. The European Union–a key player in the peace process–has just announced a joint declaration of assist-ance and cooperation with Guatemala, agreeing to provide $250m (£156m) until the year …
Public involvement in health care
Authors: Peter M Lapsley
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Editor—Florin and Dixon bring coherence and clarity to what has hitherto been a muddled debate.1 Two things are worth adding.

Firstly, the more devolved and local public involvement in health policy development becomes the more the government's national strategy and targets become givens. The public was not involved in the British government's decision to focus on mortality and cure (which are easily measurable) at the expense of long term medical conditions that chiefly affect the quality of people's lives. But that focus has become a given that will dominate the development of local health policy. If governments wish to provide the sort of health care people want, public involvement in health strategy development is needed at the highest level.

Secondly, a tendency prevails to see public involvement as something separate from the rest of health policy development instead of an integral part of it. Dermatology is an exception.

The Action on Dermatology programme was established in 2000, chiefly in response to long waiting times. A task group was established to identify, develop, and disseminate good practice in the delivery of dermatology services. The task group consists of two or three representatives of the NHS Modernisation Agency, two consultant dermatologists, two dermatology nurse specialists, two general practitioners actively interested in dermatology, two patients' representatives, and a pharmacist. Everybody in the group has equal status. There is no politically correct pandering to the patients' representatives (of whom I am one), but our views are weighed equally with those of others, and we are not “token patients.”

This inclusiveness and egalitarianism have made the programme so successful. Its findings were published and are now being developed further.2 All parties found the programme's task group as a forum for the exchange of information and ideas so useful that it has been kept running, although funding ceased in March 2003.
Cost-effectiveness of HIV prevention for high-risk groups at scale: an economic evaluation of the Avahan programme in south India
Authors: Anna Vassall, Michael Pickles, Sudhashree Chandrashekar, Marie-Claude Boily, Govindraj Shetty, Lorna Guinness, Catherine M Lowndes, Janet Bradley, Stephen Moses, Michel Alary, Peter Vickerman
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2014)

Avahan is a large-scale, HIV preventive intervention, targeting high-risk populations in south India. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of Avahan to inform global and national funding institutions who are considering investing in worldwide HIV prevention in concentrated epidemics.We estimated cost effectiveness from a programme perspective in 22 districts in four high-prevalence states. We used the UNAIDS Costing Guidelines for HIV Prevention Strategies as the basis for our costing method, and calculated effect estimates using a dynamic transmission model of HIV and sexually transmitted disease transmission that was parameterised and fitted to locally observed behavioural and prevalence trends. We calculated incremental cost-effective ratios (ICERs), comparing the incremental cost of Avahan per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) averted versus a no-Avahan counterfactual scenario. We also estimated incremental cost per HIV infection averted and incremental cost per person reached.Avahan reached roughly 150 000 high-risk individuals between 2004 and 2008 in the 22 districts studied, at a mean cost per person reached of US$327 during the 4 years. This reach resulted in an estimated 61 000 HIV infections averted, with roughly 11 000 HIV infections averted in the general population, at a mean incremental cost per HIV infection averted of $785 (SD 166). We estimate that roughly 1 million DALYs were averted across the 22 districts, at a mean incremental cost per DALY averted of $46 (SD 10). Future antiretroviral treatment (ART) cost savings during the lifetime of the cohort exposed to HIV prevention were estimated to be more than $77 million (compared with the slightly more than $50 million spent on Avahan in the 22 districts during the 4 years of the study).This study provides evidence that the investment in targeted HIV prevention programmes in south India has been cost effective, and is likely to be cost saving if a commitment is made to provide ART to all that can benefit from it. Policy makers should consider funding and sustaining large-scale targeted HIV prevention programmes in India and beyond.Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.