tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of YM087, a potent nonpeptide vasopressin antagonist, on vasopressin-induced protein synthesis in neonatal rat cardiomyocyte
Authors: Atsuo Tahara, Yuichi Tomura, Koh-ichi Wada, Toshiyuki Kusayama, Junko Tsukada, Noe Ishii, Takeyuki Yatsu, Wataru Uchida, Akihiro Tanaka
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Objective: Hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy associated with various cardiovascular diseases such as congestive heart failure. The aim of this study was to investigate whether vasopressin (AVP) induces protein synthesis in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes through its specific receptor and whether YM087, a newly synthesized nonpeptide AVP receptor antagonist, inhibits AVP-induced protein synthesis in vitro. Methods: AVP receptors on cardiomyocytes were characterized using the radioligand [3H]AVP. The effects of AVP and YM087 on intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and [3H]-leucine incorporation were investigated in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Results: In cardiomyocytes, Scatchard analysis showed a single population of high-affinity binding sites with the expected AVP V1A receptor subtype profile. YM087 showed high affinity for cardiomyocyte V1A receptors with a Ki value of 0.63 nM. In these same cells, YM087 potently inhibited AVP-induced increases in [Ca2+]i and activation of MAP kinase in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, AVP concentration-dependently stimulated the synthesis of protein without changing the rate of DNA synthesis, and YM087 prevented AVP-induced protein synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusions: These results suggest that AVP directly causes protein synthesis and YM087 is a potent inhibitor of AVP-induced protein synthesis of cardiomyocytes and thus may have beneficial effects in the development and regression of cardiomyocytic hypertrophy.
Telemedicine: Is Ben a Boon?
Authors: Eugene A. Gaston
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The old saying that nothing is so bad there isn't some good in it may even be true of "TVmedicitis" ("A New 'Disease',"<i>JAMA</i><b>187</b>:307 [Jan 25] 1964). A foreignborn woman on whom 1 operated had a cholecystectomy and stones were removed from the common bile duct. Unfortunately, in spite of a diligent search and the use of cholangiography during the operation, a stone was left in the duct. The resulting biliary fistula was a source of great concern to the patient and her family, and with each visit to the office no effort was made to conceal their dissatisfaction with the way the operation had been performed. My repeated explanation of how it all happened was made noeasier by the presence of some language difficulty. Finally the day came when the decision for a second operation had to be made. To my surprise the patient's
Expression of IgD by murine lymphocytes. Loss of surface IgD indicates maturation of memory B cells.
Authors: S J Black, W van der Loo, M R Loken, L A Herzenberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

B lymphocytes capable of generating primary IgM and IgG plaque-forming cells (PFC) responses to burro erythrocytes have surface IgD, as do primary IgM PFC. IgG memroy cells arising after one injection of antigen are divided into two groups, one of which expresses surface IgD while the other has no detectable membrane IgD. PFC generated from the IgG memory cells lacking surface IgD show a higher average avidity than those arising from IgD-positive IgG memory cells, indicating that mature IgG memory cells do not have surface IgD. After more than one injection of antigen, few, if any, IgG memory cells have surface IgD. IgG PFC arising in primary or secondary immune response lack membrane-bound IgD. These data provide the outlines for a B-cell maturation pathway in which IgD marks unprimed and early memory B cells and is lost in mature memory cells. Studies presented here were conducted by isolating IgD+ and IgD- cells with the fluorescence-activated cell sorter and functional testing of the isolated populations in adoptive transfer experiments.
Error in Medicine
Authors: Michael D. Fetters
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —Dr Leape 1 is to be congratulated for a highly needed and provocative analysis of error in medicine. Unfortunately, his article and the accompanying Editorial 2 largely ignore the patient's perspective. Unlike the manufacturing industry, where the product is an inanimate object, the product in medicine is quality health care. As autonomous individuals, patients are active participants in the process, not passive recipients. Based on my experience in completing in-flight consumer satisfaction surveys, I am convinced that consumer feedback is used extensively in the aviation industry. As the participant in and consumer of the health care product, patients have a priceless and unique perspective both on error prevention and on error resolution. Unfortunately, there is only sparse research and philosophical inquiry into patients' attitudes, values, and beliefs about the management of medical errors and mistakes.  Leape states, [Tjotal quality management calls for grassroots participation to identify and
Pathophysiology of Upper Airway Closures During Sleep-Reply
Authors: Samuel T. Kuna
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In Reply.  —Dr Woodcock's data do not support the conclusion that nasal airway resistance is unlikely to be important in the causation of OSA. As emphasized in our article, upper airway closure during sleep can be caused by changes in pharyngeal closing pressure, pharyngeal muscle force, and/or pharyngeal suction force. While not all OSA patients have abnormally high nasal airway resistance, individuals with an abnormally high nasal airway resistance from nasal septal deviation, nasal polyps, or chronic nasal congestion, are at increased risk of developing upper airway closure during sleep. 1-3 Abnormally high upstream resistance increases transmission of subatmospheric intrathoracic pressure into the potentially collapsible pharyngeal airway. Improvement in OSA has been reported with correction of abnormally high nasal airway resistance. 4 However, correction of abnormally high nasal airway resistance may not improve OSA depending on pharyngeal closing pressure and pharyngeal muscle force. Treatment of these latter patients may be
Cardiovascular Correlates of the Psychotherapeutic Process
Authors: Paul C. Mohl, Linda C. Wyrick, William Cleveland, David Hawkins, Linda Burdette, Redford B. Williams
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1982)

12 medical student volunteers were studied during 10 weekly sessions of brief dynamic psychotherapy using on-line physiological monitoring and concurrent psychotherapy process ratings. Forearm vascular resistance change from baseline for each visit was found to be related to psychotherapeutic outcome, and to some of the process variables, but to be most strongly correlated with clusters of process variables. This suggests that there may yet be a role for physiological monitoring in psychotherapy research.
Supporting elderly dependent people at home.
Authors: N. J. Vetter, P. A. Lewis, L. Llewellyn
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To clarify the relation between the dependency of elderly people and the assistance they receive from others by using a detailed but simple measure of dependency. DESIGN--Secondary analysis of data from a survey of people aged 70 and over. SETTING--Two general practices in south Wales. SUBJECTS--1280 people aged 70 and over. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Dependency on others to perform essential functions; detailed data on who assists with those functions. RESULTS--Increasing dependency was associated with increased use of more than one member of the family or friends and an increase in the provision of statutory services. CONCLUSION--The complexity of the relation between dependency and those who care for dependent people has previously been underestimated. The presence of providers of statutory services at the household of elderly dependent people suggests that these services can be developed further to help those caring for elderly people at home.
Depression and the Dynamics of Smoking
Authors: Robert F. Anda
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Data from multiple studies suggest that depression plays a role in cigarette smoking. To obtain a national perspective on the role of depression in the dynamics of smoking, we analyzed data from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. We used the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale to assess symptoms of depression and used the standard cutoff (score, ≥16) for defining persons as depressed. The cross-sectional analysis of the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey showed that the prevalence of current smokers increased as the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score increased, whereas the quit ratio (former smokers/ever smokers) decreased as the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score increased. Among the cohort of smokers in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study, the estimated incidence of quitting after 9 years of follow-up was 9.9% for depressed smokers and 17.7% for nondepressed smokers. When we adjusted for amount smoked, sex, age, and educational attainment by means of a Cox proportional hazards model, we found that depressed smokers were 40% less likely to have quit compared with nondepressed smokers (relative risk, 0.6). These findings suggest that depression plays an important role in the dynamics of cigarette smoking in the United States. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:1541-1545)
Gastric Inflammatory Polyposis after Long-Term Intermittent Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Histamine<sub>2</sub>-Receptor Antagonists
Authors: K. Hizawa, T. Takeya, T. Yao, H. Yamamoto, H. Aomi, T. Nakahara, T. Matsumoto, M. Iida
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

A 74-year-old Japanese man newly presented with gastric polyposis, 2 years after intermittent administration of lornoxicam 12 mg (a new potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug) and nizatidine 300 mg daily (a histamine2-receptor antagonist) for knee joint pain and abdominal discomfort, respectively. Gastroscopy (Figure [1] a, b) and double-contrast radiography (Figure [1] c) showed multiple small hemispheric polyps circularly oriented in the gastric antrum, with tubular narrowing. On histology, the polyps were found to consist of inflamed granulation tissue, with immature regenerative epithelium (Figure [1] d).
Body piercing in England: a survey of piercing at sites other than earlobe
Authors: Angie Bone, Fortune Ncube, Tom Nichols, Norman D Noah
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objectives</b> To estimate the prevalence of body piercing, other than of earlobes, in the general adult population in England, and to describe the distribution of body piercing by age group, sex, social class, anatomical site, and who performed the piercings. To estimate the proportion of piercings that resulted in complications and the proportion of piercings that resulted in professional help being sought after the piercing. <b>Design</b> Cross sectional household survey. <b>Setting</b> All regions of England 2005. <b>Participants</b> 10 503 adults aged 16 and over identified with a two stage selection process: random selection of geographical areas and filling predefined quotas of individuals. Results weighted to reflect the national demographic profile of adults aged 16 and over. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Estimates of the prevalence of body piercing overall and by age group, sex, and anatomical site. Estimates, in those aged 16-24, of the proportion of piercings associated with complications and the seeking of professional help. <b>Results</b> The prevalence of body piercing was 1049/10 503 (10%, 95% confidence interval 9.4% to 10.6%). Body piercing was more common in women than in men and in younger age groups. Nearly half the women aged 16-24 reported having had a piercing (305/659, 46.2%, 42.0% to 50.5%). Of the 754 piercings in those aged 16-24, complications were reported with 233 (31.0%, 26.8% to 35.5%); professional help was sought with 115 (15.2%, 11.8% to 19.5%); and hospital admission was required with seven (0.9%, 0.3% to 3.2%). <b>Conclusions</b> Body piercing is common in adults in England, particularly in young women. Problems are common and the assistance of health services is often required. Though serious complications requiring admission to hospital seem uncommon, the popularity of the practice might place a substantial burden on health services.
Host Deficiency in Caveolin-2 Inhibits Lung Carcinoma Tumor Growth by Impairing Tumor Angiogenesis
Authors: Yajun Liu, Sungchan Jang, Leike Xie, Grzegorz Sowa
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Caveolin-2 (Cav-2), a member of caveolin protein family, is largely different from better known caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and thus might play distinct functions. Here, we provide the first genetic evidence suggesting that host-expressed Cav-2 promotes subcutaneous tumor growth and tumor-induced neovascularization using two independent syngeneic mouse models. Host deficiency in Cav-2 resulted in defective and reduced growth of subcutaneously implanted Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) and B16-F10 melanoma tumors, respectively. Consistent with the defective growth, LLC and B16-F10 melanoma tumors implanted into Cav-2 KO mice displayed reduced microvascular density (MVD) determined by IHC with anti-CD31 antibodies, suggesting impaired pathologic angiogenesis. Additional studies involving LLC tumors extracted from Cav-2 KO mice just 10 days after implantation determined reduced cell proliferation, massive necrotic cell death, and fibrosis. In contrast with day 10, only MVD but not cell proliferation and survival was reduced in the earliest palpable LLC tumors extracted 6 days after implantation into Cav-2 KO mice, suggesting that impaired angiogenesis is the causative factor. Mechanistically, impaired LLC tumor growth and angiogenesis in Cav-2 KO mice was associated with increased expression levels of antiangiogenic thrombospondin-1 and inhibited S1177 phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Taken together, our data suggest that host deficiency in Cav-2 impairs tumor-induced angiogenesis, leading to compromised tumor cell survival/proliferation manifested by the defective tumor growth. In conclusion, host-expressed Cav-2 may promote tumor growth via supporting tumor-induced angiogenesis. Thus, Cav-2 expressed in tumor microenvironment may potentially become a novel target for cancer therapy.
Chronic neurological effects of organophosphate pesticides
Authors: K. Steenland
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Organophosphate pesticides have replaced organochlorines in the past 20 years and are widely used in both agricultural and structural applications. People working with these compounds receive the highest exposures, but the public can be exposed during structural applications or by drift from aerial spraying. The immediate toxic effects of organophosphates are well described; what remain controversial are the longer term effects.

Organophosphates inhibit the neurotransmitter acetyl cholinesterase, leading to symptoms related to the autonomous nervous system (abdominal cramps, nausea, diarrhoea, salivation, miosis) and the central nervous system (dizziness, tremor, anxiety, confusion). Symptoms usually occur within hours of exposure and typically disappear within days or weeks as new cholinesterase is synthesised. The degree (or rate) of inhibition required to produce symptoms is controversial.

On the basis primarily of animal data and human case reports we know that some organophosphates (such as methamidophos, leptophos, fenthion, merphos) inhibit a second enzyme, neuropathy target esterase. Severe inhibition of this enzyme (animal data suggest inhibition by 70% or more) may be accompanied by a peripheral neuropathy 10-14 days after exposure. This delayed neuropathy typically affects the motor and sensory nerves of the legs and is caused …
The Quality Solution: The Stakeholder's Guide to Improving Health Care
Authors: Cathy Bradley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Medical Writings: Book Notes16 May 2006The Quality Solution: The Stakeholder's Guide to Improving Health CareCathy Bradley, PhDCathy Bradley, PhDFrom Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-144-10-200605160-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The Quality Solution: The Stakeholder's Guide to Improving Health Care Nash DB, Goldfarb NI, eds. 321 pages. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett; 2006. $51.95. ISBN 0763727482. Order at www.jbpub.com.Field of medicine: Health care delivery.Format: Paperback book.Audience: Clinicians, medical students, health administrators, employers, and researchers seeking strategies for identifying, measuring, and improving health care.Purpose: In response to the Institute of Medicine's report, Crossing the Quality Chasm, The Quality Solution, the book attempts to frame quality health care by providing a guide for quality improvement tailored to the unique perspectives of key stakeholders. It offers a plan for ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byKnowledge, attitude, and preventive behaviors of Hormozgan residents toward COVID-19, one month after the epidemic in Iran 16 May 2006Volume 144, Issue 10Page: 784KeywordsChartsEmotionsHealth careHealth care providersHealth care qualityHealth information technologyMotivationQuality improvementSoftware tools ePublished: 16 May 2006 Issue Published: 16 May 2006 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Aldosterone and Angiotensin
Authors: James O. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1964)

ALDOSTERONE AND ANGIOTENSIN II are Ltwo of the important hormones associated with the formation of edema. It also seems likely that both hormones are involved in certain types of hypertensive disease. Aldosterone, a complex steroid, is the naturally occurring sodium-retaining hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex. Angiotensin II is a peptide composed of eight amino acids and is formed by enzymatic reactions which take place in blood. Renin, an enzyme secreted by the kidney, initiates the reactions leading to the formation of angiotensin II. In 1960, two new findings focused attention on the relationship of the renin-angiotensin system to aldosterone secretion. First, it was discovered that an aldosterone-stimulating hormone is secreted by the kidney,<sup>1-3</sup>and, second, synthetic angiotensin II was found to stimulate aldosteron secretion in man.<sup>4-5</sup>These experimental results were the culmination of a series of researches following the isolation and identification of aldosterone in 1953. These
Coxa Vara or Deflection of the Neck of the Femur
Authors: A. H. Tubby
Journal: BMJ (1898)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~JL 23 8. .the bones wer-e fastened together in exactly the samiie way as in the lasi ca'se.I found I had removed 3L ihiches of tle tibia..The girowtlh was a typical myeloid salcomna, but thjere were nio lhnenlorrhages or cysts.Z~i A A ~~~~. g ['~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0 1~~~~~~~~1 Fig. 3. ;Microscopic examination showed the usual structure of such a tumour.*T e growtlh was onily coveled by a tliin shell of bone oil its posterior a pect, and on its anterior and outer surfac there was only a capsule ith plates of bone in it.Above it lhad not reaclied the articular car- t lage.The foot was put up in the same way as in the last case, on a long back splint with footpiece.I have no note of aiiy trouble from rotation of the femiur outwards.I think probably thd screw held the bones so well together that this could be prevented by fixationi of the foot against the vertical footpiece.Primalry union was obtained, except wlhele the screw had protruded.The screw was removed on November ist, and on thie I3th the limb was put up in plaster.She continued the plaster case until March I898, as some mnovements remained betwveen the bones aud I hoped for bony union.On Marchl m7th a bonlit poroplastic case such as a patient would wear after fracture of the patella, was substituted for the plaster and a high-soled boot made for her.When seen on May i5th therewas still a little movement between the bones, but with the poroplastic case and the high-soled boot she could walk a little in the house without artificial support.
The National Association of General Practitioners
Authors: J. C. Jerrard
Journal: BMJ (1845)

In the article in our last Number, in which we examined, at such length, the new Medical Bill in all its bearings, we stated, after much consideration, " that we had come to the conclusion that it would be for the benefit of the profession generally, that, in addition to the existing medical corporations, a third should be established for the class of general practitioners."The consideration of the same facts, and the same process of reasoning, that led us to this conclusion, seem to have impressed the minds of the great body of general practitioners in the same manner; and the
Actions of Prolactin and Frusemide on Heart Rate and Rhythm
Authors: B. A. Nassar, M. S. Manku, J. D. Reed, M. Tynan, D. F. Horrobin
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Rat hearts with coronary circulations perfused by the Langendorff technique were studied. Recordings were made of the electrical and mechanical activity. Once the rate and rhythm of each heart and stabilized it was perfused with Ringer-Locke solution for 90 minutes; frusemide (40 μg/ml) was added to the perfusate during the last 30 minutes of this period. Eighteen experiments were performed—six controls, six in which prolactin at a concentration of 50 ng/ml was added to the perfusate for the whole 90 minutes, and six in which a prolactin concentration of 200 ng/ml was used. With the controls heart rate and rhythm remained steady, but there was a slow decline in amplitude of the contraction. With a prolactin concentration of 50 ng/ml the heart rate rose to about 40% above control during the first hour and after an initial sharp increase the contraction amplitude declined more rapidly than in the controls. The prolactin concentration of 200 ng/ml produced a decline of about 25% in heart rate over the first hour and amplitude behaved much as in the controls. Frusemide had no clear effect on the rate of beating of the controls, but it tended to reverse both the acceleration produced by 50 ng/ml prolactin and the slowing produced by the higher dose. Both the doses of prolactin consistently caused disturbances of rhythm. These effects occur at concentration of prolactin found in human plasma in various pathophysiological conditions.
Treating Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Compliance and Side Effects-Reply
Authors: Michael D. Iseman
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In Reply.  —Regarding the suggestions of Dr Chaulk and colleagues: Amen! As indicated by a recent article published elsewhere, 1 I firmly believe that broad application of DOT is the only realistic tool to prevent worsening of the TB situation. Their data regarding the impact of DOT provide tangible affirmation of the value of this strategy.  Dr Pierce and Ms Denison raise an appropriate issue: whether the rise of optic neuritis from ethambutol use is sufficiently great in elderly patients to contravene the routine use of this drug in patients with proven or suspected TB. There are several variables that bear on this problem:   The incidence of EAON in their series was far higher than previously reported. Although they noted the calculated dosage and duration of ethambutol treatment, they did not provide information about renal function that might influence the risk of EAON.  They note that some of their patients