tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Limitations of Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangioscopy for the Diagnosis of the Intramural Extension of Bile Duct Carcinoma
Authors: M. Sato, H. Inoue, S. Ogawa, S. Ohashi, I. Maetani, Y. Igarashi, Y. Sakai
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

Background and Study Aims: Vascular dilatation seen on percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (PTCS) is diagnostic of intramural invasive carcinoma of the bile duct, but the limitations of the technique, including biopsy, for the diagnosis of intramural extension of bile duct carcinoma have not to our knowledge been investigated before. The aims of the present study were to estimate the thickness of the specimens of bile duct wall taken by biopsy, to assess the sensitivity of PTCS for detecting intramural invasive carcinoma, and to identify the characteristics of the intramural extension of bile duct carcinoma associated with vascular dilatation.
The HLA-DR and DQ genes control the autoimmune response to DNA topoisomerase I in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma).
Authors: M Kuwana, J Kaburaki, Y Okano, H Inoko, K Tsuji
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

HLA class II alleles were determined using the PCR-RFLP method in Japanese systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) patients with (n = 28) or without (n = 34) anti-topoisomerase I antibodies (anti-topo I). Either the DQB1*0601 or *0301 allele was recognized in all anti-topo I positive patients, compared with 44% of anti-topo I negative patients (P < 0.00001, relative risk [RR] > 41) or 58% of Japanese healthy control subjects (P < 0.00001, RR > 24). Tyrosine at position 26 in the second hypervariable region in the beta 1 domain of the DQB1 gene is common to these two alleles and is not present in any other known DQB1 alleles. We also examined immunoreactivities of anti-topo I positive sera to four different autoantigenic B cell epitopes of topo I molecule that were expressed as recombinant fusion proteins. One major B cell epitope, located within the region corresponding to amino acid residues 74-248, was perfectly associated with the amino acid sequence FLEDR at positions 67-71 in the beta 1 domain of the DRB gene. Two other epitopes, corresponding to 316-441 or 658-700, were associated with the serologically defined HLA-DR52 antigen. Patients with both FLEDR and DR52 demonstrated higher anti-topo I antibody titers. These results suggest that the HLA-DR and DQ genes together control the autoimmune response to topo I in systemic sclerosis.
Antimitochondrial Antibody in Diagnosis of Liver Disease
Authors: RICHARD A. L. STURDEVANT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 February 1973Antimitochondrial Antibody in Diagnosis of Liver DiseaseRICHARD A. L. STURDEVANT, M.D.RICHARD A. L. STURDEVANT, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-2-313 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Failure to recognize that the usefulness of a diagnostic test in differential diagnosis is related to the prevalence of the diseases requiring differentiation may lead to erroneous conclusions. Even as sensitive and specific a test as the antimitochondrial antibody for primary biliary cirrhosis (1) requires evaluation for its usefulness in differential diagnosis from the point of view of relative prevalence of the diseases.Consider the problem of separating primary biliary cirrhosis from extrahepatic bile duct obstruction, assuming for simplification that no other diagnosis is possible. Local experience suggests that the prevalence of this obstruction is approximately thirty times greater...Reference1. KLATSKINKANTOR GF: Mitochondrial antibody in primary biliary cirrhosis and other diseases. Ann Intern Med 77:533-541, 1972 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPrimary Biliary Cirrhosis 1 February 1973Volume 78, Issue 2Page: 312-314KeywordsAntimitochondrial antibodiesBile ductsLiver diseasesPrimary biliary cirrhosis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
Drug Administration in Hepatic Disease
Authors: Jan Koch-Weser, Roger L. Williams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

THE biologic processes that govern the absorption of a drug into the body and its elimination from it are important determinants of its pharmacologic effect and toxicity. Absorption occurs after administration of a drug parenterally or via the gastrointestinal tract, the skin, lung, eye, or other tissues and organs. Each route possesses certain characteristics that control the rate and extent of entry of a drug into the systemic circulation. Drugs are eliminated from the body through the excretion of unchanged drug or through biotransformation to one or more metabolites. Because absorption usually occurs more rapidly than elimination, the processes of . . .
Metal-induced infidelity of DNA synthesis.
Authors: R A Zakour, T A Kunkel, L A Loeb
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1981)

In this paper, we consider the effects of metal ions on the accuracy of catalysis by DNA polymerases. Certain activating and nonactivating metal ions have been shown to diminish the fidelity of DNA synthesis in vitro with a variety of DNA polymerases. There is a significant correlation between the metals that decrease fidelity and those that have been reported to be mutagenic and carcinogenic. Thus, metal carcinogens are no exception to the general postulate that carcinogens can be identified by their interactions with DNA.
An unusual case of Bravo capsule aspiration
Authors: D. von Renteln, T. Kayser, B. Riecken, K. Caca
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Prolonged intraesophageal pH monitoring represents the gold standard for the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The Bravo pH Testing System (Medtronic Inc., Shoreview, Minnesota, USA) allows intraesophageal pH monitoring by placement of a capsule on the esophageal mucosal wall. No catheter is used and therefore the system is more likely to show greater patient tolerability [1]. Capsule endoscopy is generally a safe and well-tolerated procedure with few complications. Clinically significant complications, including symptomatic capsule retention and aspiration, occur in less than 2 % of examinations [2].
Nerve Growth Factor Is a Potential Therapeutic Target in Breast Cancer
Authors: Eric Adriaenssens, Elsa Vanhecke, Pasquine Saule, Alexandra Mougel, Adeline Page, Rodrigue Romon, Victor Nurcombe, Xuefen Le Bourhis, Hubert Hondermarck
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract We show here that nerve growth factor (NGF), the prototypic neurotrophin, can be targeted in breast cancer to inhibit tumor cell proliferation, survival, and metastasis. Analysis of a series of biopsies revealed widespread expression of NGF in the majority of human breast tumors, with anti-NGF immunoreactivity concentrated in the epithelial cancer cells. Moreover, immunodeficient mice xenografted with human breast cancer cells and treated with either anti-NGF antibodies or small interfering RNA against NGF displayed inhibited tumor growth and metastasis. Such treatments directed against NGF induced a decrease in cell proliferation with a concomitant increase in apoptosis of breast cancer cells and an inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. Together, these data indicate that targeting NGF in breast cancer may have therapeutic ramifications. [Cancer Res 2008;68(2):346–51]
Evidence of Local Allergic Rhinitis in Areas with High and Permanent Aeroallergens Exposure
Authors: D. Cruz Niesvaara, C. Rondon, L. Almeida Quintana, A. Correa, R. Castillo Sainz, L. Melendez, T. Carrilo Diaz, M. Blanca
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
PREDICTORS OF LATE RESTENOSIS FOLLOWING SIROLIMUS-ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATION: SERIAL (8-MONTH AND 2-YEAR) ANGIOGRAPHIC FOLLOW-UP
Authors: Nehiro Kuriyama, Yoshio Kobayashi, Tatsuya Nakama, Daigo Mine, Mitsuhiro Shimomura, Kensaku Nishihira, Katsumasa Nomura, Keiichi Ashikaga, Akihiko Matsuyama, Yoshisato Shibata
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
The Hypothalamo-Hypophysial System
Authors: Wendell J. S. Krieg
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Neuroendocrinologists have demonstrated in the past decade or so that the endocrinotropic hormones of the anterior hypophysis stand under control of the hypothalamic region of the brain. Moreover, the individual hormones are under separate regulation by different parts of the hypothalamus (though experimenters disagree on the details) and are, of course, regulated by different stimuli as, indeed, their divergent functions would necessitate. Those not involved in the subject may not be aware that an enormous literature has grown up, quite specialized and strictly for experts. Such a situation makes desirable a careful review and analysis. This is such a book. It is really an expanded second edition of Schreiber's comprehensive review which appeared in 1959 in the Czech language. He has long been engaged in this subject, his knowledge is extensive, and his approach the broadest possible. An attempt is made in the last chapter to establish clinical correlations, but
Fatty Acid-Binding Protein E-FABP Restricts Tumor Growth by Promoting IFN-β Responses in Tumor-Associated Macrophages
Authors: Yuwen Zhang, Yanwen Sun, Enyu Rao, Fei Yan, Qiang Li, Ying Zhang, Kevin A.T. Silverstein, Shujun Liu, Edward Sauter, Margot P. Cleary, Bing Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABP) are known central regulators of both metabolic and inflammatory pathways, but their role in tumor development remains largely unexplored. Here, we report that host expression of epidermal FABP (E-FABP) protects against mammary tumor growth. We find that E-FABP is highly expressed in macrophages, particularly in a specific subset, promoting their antitumor activity. In the tumor stroma, E-FABP–expressing tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) produce high levels of IFN-β through upregulation of lipid droplet formation in response to tumors. E-FABP–mediated IFN-β signaling can further enhance recruitment of tumoricidal effector cells, in particular natural killer cells, to the tumor stroma for antitumor activity. These findings identify E-FABP as a new protective factor to strengthen IFN-β responses against tumor growth. Cancer Res; 74(11); 2986–98. ©2014 AACR.
CHEMO-IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES ON CONJUGATED CARBOHYDRATE-PROTEINS
Authors: Walther F. Goebel, Frank H. Babers, Oswald T. Avery
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

1. The synthesis of p-aminophenol alpha-glucoside has been described. This glucoside can be coupled to any protein to yield a synthetic alpha-glucoside-protein complex. 2. A synthetic beta-glucoside-protein complex has also been prepared. 3. These synthetic sugar-protein complexes have been used as immunizing antigens in order to ascertain whether alpha- and beta-glucosidic unions influence the specificity of the immune response in animals. The results of the immunological studies are presented in the following paper.
A Combined Prognostic Serum Interleukin-8 and Interleukin-6 Classifier for Stage 1 Lung Cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial
Authors: Bríd M. Ryan, Sharon R. Pine, Anil K. Chaturvedi, Neil Caporaso, Curtis C. Harris
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
Thrombasthenic-Thrombopathic Thrombocytopenia with Giant, "Swiss-Cheese" Platelets
Authors: THOMAS P. SMITH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

A patient, studied over a 5-year period, had presented with a mild bleeding diathesis and chronic, mild, nonimmunologic thrombocytopenia. He had giant, bizarre, vacuolated platelets; functional platelet abnormalities characteristic of more than one specific platelet disorder; and a documented shortened platelet survival. The initial platelet defect was most consistent with thrombasthenia because platelet aggregation with exogenous ADP was markedly decreased. During and after corticosteroid therapy, however, the thrombocytopenia improved, and the disorder evolved into a primary platelet release defect, more consistent with thrombopathia. The accurate classification of qualitative platelet disorders is difficult. Whether this case represents an overlap of two specific platelet disorders or an evolution from one defect to another remains unresolved.
Receptors for T cell-replacing factor/interleukin 5. Specificity, quantitation, and its implication.
Authors: S Mita, N Harada, S Naomi, Y Hitoshi, K Sakamoto, M Akagi, A Tominaga, K Takatsu
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

T cell-replacing factor (TRF)/IL-5 is a glycosylated polypeptide that acts as a key factor for B cell growth and differentiation. Since IL-5 action is probably mediated by specific cell surface receptor(s), we have characterized the binding of IL-5 to cells using biosynthetically [35S]methionine-labeled IL-5 and 125I-IL-5 that had been prepared using Bolton-Hunter reagent. The radiolabeled IL-5 binds specifically to BCL1-B20 (in vitro line) (a murine chronic B cell leukemic cell line previously shown to differentiate into IgM-secreting cells in response to IL-5) within 10 min at 37 degrees C. There are two classes of binding sites with high affinity (Kd = 66 pM) and low affinity (Kd = 12 nM) for IL-5 and an average number of binding sites for high affinity and for low affinity were 400 and 7,500 per cell, respectively. The specificity of binding of radiolabeled IL-5 has been confirmed by demonstrating that only unlabeled IL-5 and anti-IL-5 mAb but not by IL-1, IL-2, IL-3, IFN-gamma, and GM-CSF inhibit radiolabeled IL-5 binding to BCL1-B20 cells. Treatment of surface-bound radiolabeled IL-5 with bivalent crosslinkers identified a membrane polypeptide of Mr 46,500 to which IL-5 is crosslinked. A variety of cell types have been surveyed for the capacity to bind specifically radiolabeled IL-5 with high affinity. BCL1 cells MOPC104E (murine myeloma cell line) expressed IL-5-R, whereas BAL. 17 and L10 A (B cell lymphoma) did not. T cell line, mastocytoma cell line, or macrophage tumor cell line did not display detectable levels of IL-5-R. were hardly detectable on normal resting B cells but were expressed on LPS-activated B cells, fitting the function of IL-5 that acts on activated B cells for their differentiation into Ig-secreting cells. Intriguingly, early B cell lines (J-87 and T-88) that grow in the presence of IL-5 expressed significant but low numbers of high-affinity binding sites for IL-5. The biological effects of IL-5 were mediated by high-affinity binding sites. The identification and characterization of IL-5-R should provide new insight into the apparent diverse biological activities of IL-5.
Origins of heterogeneity in tissue perfusion and metabolism
Authors: Axel R. Pries, Timothy W. Secomb
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

In the heart and other tissues, perfusion and metabolic activity are heterogeneous and spatially correlated. The goal of this work is to investigate the causes of this behaviour. Theoretical simulations are used to examine the effects on flow distribution and oxygen levels in terminal vascular beds of inherent irregularity in network structure, considering structural adaptation of vessel diameters to haemodynamic and metabolic stimuli, and adaptation of oxygen demand to local oxygen availability. A mathematical model based on experimentally observed microvascular network structures (rat mesentery and m. sartorius) is used to simulate blood flow, oxygen transport, and adaptation of vessel diameters and tissue oxygen demand. Inherent geometric heterogeneities of vascular networks cause heterogeneity of blood flow and oxygen levels that cannot be eliminated by increasing metabolic sensitivity of diameter adaptation. Adaptation of oxygen demand to differences in oxygen availability causes increased oxygen extraction, implying improved functional capacity, and establishes a correlation between local oxygen demand and flow rate, as observed experimentally. Such a correlation is not predicted if the heterogeneity of oxygen demand is assumed to be an intrinsic tissue property. A central mechanism generating heterogeneous perfusion is the inevitable structural heterogeneity of terminal vascular beds, which cannot be fully compensated by structural adaptation of vessel diameters. Heterogeneity of metabolism may result from adaptation of tissue function to the heterogeneous oxygen availability. These findings are of interest for the understanding of tissue function, including the heart, and of results obtained by corresponding imaging approaches.
Antigen recognition properties of mutant V beta 3+ T cell receptors are consistent with an immunoglobulin-like structure for the receptor.
Authors: J White, A Pullen, K Choi, P Marrack, J W Kappler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

We examined the effect of mutations in the V beta portion of a pigeon cytochrome c (cyto c)-specific V beta 3+/V alpha 11+ T cell receptor on its ability to recognize cyto c/IEk and various superantigens. The results were consistent with an immunoglobulin-like structure for the receptor V beta domain and with separate interaction sites on V beta for conventional antigen and superantigens. An amino acid predicted to lie in CDR1 was critical for cyto c/IEk but not superantigen recognition, while several amino acids predicted to lie in the hypervariable region 4 loop were critical for superantigen but not cyto c/IEk recognition.
Effect of Previous-Winter Mortality on the Association between Summer Temperature and Mortality in South Korea
Authors: Jongsik Ha, Ho Kim, Shakoor Hajat
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

It has recently been postulated that low mortality levels in the previous winter may increase the proportion of vulnerable individuals in the pool of people at risk of heat-related death during the summer months.We explored the sensitivity of heat-related mortality in summer (June-August) to mortality in the previous winter (December-February) in Seoul, Daegu, and Incheon in South Korea, from 1992 through 2007, excluding the summer of 1994.Poisson regression models adapted for time-series data were used to estimate associations between a 1 °C increase in average summer temperature (on the same day and the previous day) above thresholds specific for city, age, and cause of death, and daily mortality counts. Effects were estimated separately for summers preceded by winters with low and high mortality, with adjustment for secular trends.Temperatures above city-specific thresholds were associated with increased mortality in all three cities. Associations were stronger in summers preceded by winters with low versus high mortality levels for all nonaccidental deaths and, to a lesser extent, among persons ≥ 65 years of age. Effect modification by previous-winter mortality was not evident when we restricted deaths to cardiovascular disease outcomes in Seoul.Our results suggest that low winter all-cause mortality leads to higher mortality during the next summer. Evidence of a relation between increased summer heat-related mortality and previous wintertime deaths has the potential to inform public health efforts to mitigate effects of hot weather.
Synergy between an IGF-1R antibody and Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors in suppressing IGF-1R-mediated growth in hematopoietic cells
Authors: F E Bertrand, L S Steelman, W H Chappell, S L Abrams, J G Shelton, E R White, D L Ludwig, J A McCubrey
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Mediastinal haemorrhage: a complication of thrombolytic treatment.
Authors: K. P. Suddes, R. D. Thomas
Journal: BMJ (1988)

advised about the risk of antimalarial drugs provoking seizures.In view of the risk and the serious consequences if tonic-clonic seizures are provoked, some people with epilepsy may prefer to plan their itinerary so that they avoid the need to take antimalarial drugs.
Flow cytometric detection of dyserythropoiesis: a sensitive and powerful diagnostic tool for myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: S Mathis, N Chapuis, C Debord, A Rouquette, I Radford-Weiss, S Park, F Dreyfus, C Lacombe, M C Béné, O Kosmider, M Fontenay, V Bardet
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Sex-Linked Mammalian Sperm Proteins Evolve Faster Than Autosomal Ones
Authors: D. G. Torgerson
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

X-linked genes can evolve slower or faster depending on whether most recessive, or at least partially recessive alleles are deleterious or beneficial due to their hemizygous expression in males. Molecular studies of X chromosome divergence have provided conflicting evidence for both a higher and lower rate of nucleotide substitution at both synonymous and nonsynonymous sites, depending on the nucleotide sites sampled. Using human and mouse orthologous genes, we tested the hypothesis that genes encoding male-specific sperm proteins are evolving faster on the X chromosome compared with autosomes. X-linked sperm proteins have an average nonsynonymous mutation rate almost twice as high as sperm genes found on autosomes, unlike other tissue-specific genes, where no significant difference in the nonsynonymous mutation rate between the X chromosome and autosomes was found. However, no difference was found in the average synonymous mutation rate of X-linked versus autosomal sperm proteins, which along with corresponding higher values of Ka/Ks in X-linked sperm proteins suggest that differences in selective forces and not mutation rates are the underlying cause of higher X-linked mammalian sperm protein divergence.
Confidentiality of medicolegal reports
Authors: P. B R Kolman
Journal: BMJ (1982)

of correlation between energy intake and weight gain in preterm infants fed expressed breast milk.A further contributing factor, previously described by the Nottingham group and others,' 2 must also be considered- namely, the amount of fat which is lost in the process of milk being given to the baby.As part of a study investigating various effects of continuous and bolus intragastric milk feeding (unpublished data) we estimated the fat content of bank breast milk before and after transit down a feeding tube.An in vitro study simulating clinical practice was set up with rates varying from 4 to 10 ml/hour.The percentage of fat which was lost varied from 6 to 630,) (mean 26o0).Proportionally more was lost at slower rates (4 to 6 ml/hour).The fat loss during continuous feeding was con- siderably greater than that lost by bolus.Variable loss of human milk fat in feeding tubes can invalidate metabolic studies and must be taken into account when investigating the relation between weight gain and energy intake.It is also wasted effort to improve the fat content of human milk arriving at a milk bank and to spend much money and effort in its preparation if equal attention is not given to other factors which adversely affect the amount of fat reaching the baby.