tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Functions of LIM-homeobox genes
Authors: Oliver Hobert, Heiner Westphal
Journal: Trends in Genetics (2000)

Homeobox genes play fundamental roles in development. They can be subdivided into several subfamilies, one of which is the LIM-homeobox subfamily. The primary structure of LIM-homeobox genes has been remarkably conserved through evolution. Have their functions similarly been conserved? A host of new data has been derived from mutational analysis in diverse organisms, such as nematodes, flies and vertebrates. These studies have revealed a prominent involvement of LIM-homeodomain proteins in tissue patterning and differentiation, and their function in neural patterning is evident in all organisms studied to date. Here, we summarize the recent findings on LIM-homeobox gene function, compare the function of these genes from different organisms and describe specific co-factor requirements.
IUDs Effective but Underused Options for Emergency and Long-term Contraception
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Paying for bmj.com: Nothing is for free
Authors: A. Belozerova
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—I am delighted that over the past six years (when the internet became accessible in my town) I have had the pleasure of reading the BMJ online. The printed version is extremely expensive for me (my monthly salary is around 200 euros). But fortunately I can still enjoy the BMJ for free even after 2005 as I live in Russia.1

But I can see that it is an expensive gift. Even I could pay something—for example, 5-10 euros a year. Anyway, thank you for an exellent information source and educational tool.
Severity of overdose after restriction of paracetamol availability: retrospective study
Authors: D. Robinson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Paracetamol overdose is the commonest cause of intentional self harm in the United Kingdom, accounting for approximately 70 000 cases per year.1 It is the commonest cause of acute liver failure,1 although this is rare in adults if doses of <12 g are ingested.2 To reduce this major health problem the government introduced legislation in September 1998 to limit the number of tablets in a single packet to 32 for packets sold in pharmacies and 16 in non-pharmacy outlets.3

This study assesses the impact of reduced availability of paracetamol on the number and severity of overdoses by comparing self poisoning cases in two periods of six months before and after the change to smaller packets.

Patients presenting with acute self poisoning to five general hospitals in the Belfast area during the months …
Absence of nucleophosmin leukaemic mutants in B and T cells from AML with NPM1 mutations: implications for the cell of origin of NPMc+ AML
Authors: M P Martelli, N Manes, V Pettirossi, A Liso, R Pacini, R Mannucci, T Zei, N Bolli, F di Raimondo, G Specchia, I Nicoletti, M F Martelli, B Falini
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Colleges join forces to issue guidance on resuscitation training
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Four major professional medical organisations have joined forces to try to improve the standard of training for staff involved in resuscitation and to improve resuscitation provision in the United Kingdom.

The guidelines, from the Royal College of Anaesthetists, the Royal College of Physicians, the Intensive Care Society, and the Resuscitation Council, have been drawn up to address perceived variations from one healthcare facility to another in the level of treatment received.

Although at the moment individual hospitals' resuscitation rates are not available, and are therefore not used as performance indicators, the Healthcare Commission may …
The Hypnotic Brain: Hypnotherapy and Social Communication
Authors: Alexander A. Levitan
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In his introduction Brown states, "... my object is to review our changing understanding of hypnosis and its clinical use in hypnotherapy in the light of our new knowledge of human behavior and brain function." He achieves his objective brilliantly in a comprehensive and scholarly fashion. Brown has digested over 1000 sources (the majority recent) and describes his understanding of how humans communicate. He then proceeds to explain how this communicative ability impacts and is interwoven with the phenomenon we call hypnosis. The book has three sections, each covering the origins, abilities, and uses of social communication and hypnosis. The first third covers the anthropologic evolution of human communication, both nonverbal and verbal. Topics include our common primate ancestors and their evolution; how critical constant communication was to our ancestors' evolutionary success; and the evolution of human communication through facial expression, gesture, rhythm of movement, and, eventually, speech. Also included are
Late clonal selection and expansion of the TEPC-15 germ-line specificity.
Authors: J Fung, H Köhler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

The maturation of the antibody response to phosphorylcholine (PC) in neonatal BALB/c mice was studied. A T cell-independent class 1 1 PC-antigen, 3-(p-azophenyl phosphorylcholine)-N-acetyl-L-tyrosylglycylglycine lipopolysaccharide, was synthesized and used to immunize neonatal mice of different ages. The earliest anti-PC hemolytic plaque-forming response could be induced in 1-d-old neonates. Idiotype analysis on these early anti-PC antibodies showed that the response was not TEPC-15 dominant although TEPC-15-positive plaque-forming cells were detected. However, idiotype analysis of the anti-PC-LPS response in 7 d or older animals indicated that clonal dominance had been established. Similar results were obtained in splenic fragment culture with cells from neonatal livers and spleens. PC-specific precursors were detected in the liver of 1-d-old neonates, whereas the spleen of those animals contained no precursors for PC. Precursors for PC residing in the neonatal liver are not TEPC-15 dominant, whereas the splenic PC precursors of 5- to 6-day-old animals express the TEPC-15 idiotype dominatly. These findings demonstrate that during ontogeny PC-specific B cells appear before the TEPC-15 clone becomes dominant. Thus clonal dominance in the adult anti-PC response and late acquisition of the TEPC-15 specificity during ontogeny do not signify a particularly unique or direct relationship to the expression of genes encoded in the germline.
Normokalemic Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Jerome W. Conn
Journal: JAMA (1966)

We have reported that the combination of overproduction of aldosterone and suppression of plasma renin activity is uniquely diagnostic of an aldosterone-secreting adrenal cortical tumor.<sup>1-3</sup>These diagnostic criteria were established initially by demonstration of their existence preoperatively in ten consecutive patients from whom aldosterone-secreting adrenal cortical adenomas were subsequently removed surgically.<sup>4</sup>All ten of those patients had exhibited hypokalemic alkalosis preoperatively and, thus, satisfied what we had previously regarded as a biochemical aberration necessary for diagnosis of primary aldosteronism. For numerous reasons, discussed in detail in previous publications,<sup>2-4</sup>we had become suspicious that hypokalemia was a manifestation of severe and prolonged primary aldosteronism, and that most patients with this disease were maintaining normal levels of serum potassium. Such patients would then be clinically indistinguishable from patients with "essential" hypertension. We had also become impressed with the gross and histological similarities between the aldosterone-secreting adenomas that we had
Oncostatin M (OSM) Cytostasis of Breast Tumor Cells: Characterization of an OSM Receptor β–Specific Kernel
Authors: Nicholas Underhill-Day, John K. Heath
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The interleukin-6 cytokine oncostatin M (OSM) induces potent growth-inhibitory and morphogenic responses in several different tumor cell types, highlighting the importance of OSM signaling mechanisms as targets for therapeutic intervention. The specific molecular pathways involved are not well understood, as OSM can signal through two separate heterodimeric receptor complexes, glycoprotein 130 (gp130)/leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) α and gp130/OSM receptor β (OSMRβ). In this investigation, we used a LIFR antagonist to help resolve signaling responses and identify patterns of gene expression elicited by the different receptor complexes. OSM-induced biological effects on breast tumor–derived cell lines were specifically mediated through the gp130/OSMRβ complex. Each cytokine tested exhibited differential signaling capability and manifested both shared and unique patterns of gene activation, emphasizing compositional differences in activator protein-1 transcription factor activity and expression. In particular, OSM strongly activated the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) serine/threonine kinase and downstream components, including activating transcription factor (ATF)/cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein family member, ATF3. JNK/stress-activated protein kinase kinase inhibition abrogated cell morphogenesis induced by OSM, indicating an important role for this pathway in OSM specificity. These findings identify a core signaling/transcriptional mechanism specific to the OSMRβ in breast tumor cells. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(22): 10891-901)
Fortuitous Findings of Tc-99m PIPIDA Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy
Authors: MYRON L. LECKLITNER, MARTIN L. NUSYNOWITZ, PETER W. HOLLIMON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

Hepatobiliary scintigraphy using Tc-99m labeled radiopharmaceuticals is employed primarily for the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis and for demonstration of biliary tract potency. This produce may also provide diagnostic information in the identification of unusual or atypical hepatobiliary disorders; frequently, this occurs as an incidental result of the test. We present five cases in which trauma, infection, or obstructive abnormalities were diagnosed fortuitously.
Abstract 2792: Serum vitamin D and colorectal cancer risk in a large male cohort
Authors: Stephanie J. Weinstein, Kai Yu, Ronald Horst, Jarmo Virtamo, Demetrius Albanes
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Only a few studies have prospectively evaluated biologic measures of vitamin D in relation to colorectal cancer risk, with some suggesting an inverse association, although inconsistencies remain. The accepted biomarker of vitamin D status, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], integrates total vitamin D intake and vitamin D synthesized as a result of UVB exposure from sunlight. We conducted a nested case-control study within the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study of Finnish men based on 239 colon and 192 rectal cancer cases, along with an equal number of controls matched on age (+/- 1 year) and date of blood draw (+/-30 days). Baseline serum samples were assayed for 25(OH)D using the DiaSorin LIAISON 25(OH)D TOTAL assay, with interbatch and intrabatch CVs of 12.3% and 10.5%, respectively. Conditional logistic regression models provided odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between 25(OH)D and colon and rectal cancers separately, adjusted for years of smoking and serum α-tocopherol, β-carotene, and retinol (and conditioned on the matching factors). 25(OH)D concentrations were categorized using clinically defined cutpoints of &amp;lt;25, 25 to &amp;lt;37.5, 37.5 to &amp;lt;50, 50 to &amp;lt;75 (referent), and &amp;gt; 75 nmol/L. Both colon and rectal cancer cases had non-significantly higher 25(OH)D concentrations compared with controls (p=0.14 and 0.63, respectively). We observed no inverse association between 25(OH)D and colon or rectal cancer (Table). Patterns in risk did not differ by season of blood draw or time from blood draw to diagnosis. Additional analyses with 25(OH)D residually-adjusted for season and with season-specific cutpoints were similarly null. In our study, few subjects had high (&amp;gt; 75 nmol/L) 25(OH)D, which may account for our finding no evidence of serum 25(OH)D being prospectively associated with colon or rectal cancer risk.ORs and 95% CIs for the association between serum 25(OH)D and risk of colon and rectal cancersSerum 25(OH)D (nmol/L)ColonRectum Cases/ControlsOR (95% CI)Cases/ControlsOR (05% CI)&amp;lt;25.077/870.63 (0.36-1.12)68/700.62 (0.33-1.18)25.0 - &amp;lt;37.563/600.91 (0.52-1.59)42/460.56 (0.27-1.13)37.5 - &amp;lt;50.040/440.73 (0.39-1.36)33/330.82 (0.39-1.71)50.0 - &amp;lt;75.047/401.00 (reference)39/321.00 (reference)≥75.012/81.44 (0.49-4.26)10/110.62 (0.22-1.76)P trend 0.11 0.23 Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2792.
Ensuring Access to Health Care for Children with Disabilities
Authors: John A. Butler, Sara Rosenbaum, Judith S. Palfrey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

There is a time-honored saying that the humanity of a society can be measured by how well it cares for its neediest citizens. Children with handicaps certainly constitute such a group, and it is instructive at this time of upheaval in health care to identify the strengths and weaknesses in the nation's system for providing such children with appropriate services.Estimates of the total number of young people with disabilities vary from 5 to 20 percent of the population. The 5 percent figure is based on the prevalence of certain chronic illnesses associated with high levels of functional impairment (e.g., . . .
Aorta of ApoE-Deficient Mice Responds to Atherogenic Stimuli by a Prelesional Increase and Subsequent Decrease in the Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes
Authors: Peter A.C. ’t Hoen, Christian A.C. Van der Lans, Miranda Van Eck, Martin K. Bijsterbosch, Theo J.C. Van Berkel, Jaap Twisk
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. We evaluated the relationship between extent of atherosclerotic lesion formation and vascular expression of pro- and antioxidant enzymes in apoE-deficient mice. On normal chow, these mice showed elevated serum cholesterol levels (7.5- to 9.5-fold), and age-dependent, spontaneous development of all stages of atherosclerotic lesions, starting at the age of 12 weeks. RNA was extracted from the aortic arch and descending aorta, and mRNA expression of pro- and antioxidant enzymes was measured with real-time PCR. Local infiltration of monocytes/macrophages, reflected by increased vascular expression of CD68 mRNA (&gt;10-fold), indicated that the arch was more susceptible than the descending aorta. The expression of catalase-1 and various isoforms of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S -transferase alpha was significantly increased in the aortic arch, but not in the descending aorta, in the period preceding lesion formation (age 6 to 12 weeks). These expression levels were 1.5 to 5 times higher than in age-matched wild-type animals. Remarkably, there was an inverse relationship between extent of lesion formation and the mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes, most of which started to decline after 12 weeks, as lesions developed. In contrast, inducible nitric oxide synthase expression increased 4-fold in the aortic arch over the course of the disease. Our results suggest that the arterial wall responds to increased serum levels of atherogenic lipoproteins by stimulating expression of antioxidant enzymes. The observed co-ordinate decline in expression of many of these protective systems may greatly accelerate the development of atherosclerosis.
Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Simultaneously Targeting Multiple Tumor-associated Antigens to Treat EBV Negative Lymphoma
Authors: Ulrike Gerdemann, Usha Katari, Anne S Christin, Conrad R Cruz, Tamara Tripic, Alexandra Rousseau, Stephen M Gottschalk, Barbara Savoldo, Juan F Vera, Helen E Heslop, Malcolm K Brenner, Catherine M Bollard, Cliona M Rooney, Ann M Leen
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Although immunotherapy with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can treat EBV-associated Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (HL/NHL), more than 50% of such tumors are EBV negative. We now describe an approach that allows us to consistently generate, in a single line, CTLs that recognize a wide spectrum of nonviral tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) expressed by human HL/NHL, including Survivin, MAGE-A4, Synovial sarcoma X (SSX2), preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) and NY-ESO-1. We could generate these CTLs from nine of nine healthy donors and five of eight lymphoma patients, irrespective of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type. We reactivated TAA-directed T cells ex vivo, by stimulation with dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with overlapping peptide libraries spanning the chosen antigens in the presence of an optimized Th1-polarizing, prosurvival/proliferative and Treg inhibitory cytokine combination. The resultant lines of CD4(+) and CD8(+), polycytokine-producing T cells are directed against a multiplicity of epitopes expressed on the selected TAAs, with cytolytic activity against autologous tumor cells. Infusion of such multispecific monocultures may extend the benefits of CTL therapy to treatment even of EBV negative HL and NHL.
Chemokine stromal cell–derived factor 1α activates basophils by means of CXCR4
Authors: Tan Jinquan, Henrik H. Jacobi, Chen Jing, Claus M. Reimert, Sha Quan, Steen Dissing, Lars K. Poulsen, Per S. Skov
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2000)
MEDICO-LEGAL NOTES.
Authors: HENRY A. RILEY
Journal: JAMA (1891)

HYPNOTISM. The subject of hypnotism continues to attract great attention, both in the public journals and at the meetings of learned societies. At a recent meeting of the Medico Legal Society of New York a committee made a preliminary report, and this was, at a later meeting, discussed by the members. Dr. E. P. Thwing said: The trance sleep is not a disease, although neurotic conditions predispose to it. Nor does sensitiveness to hypnotic influence imply small brain power. Hypnotism is not necessarily productive of harm, and in many cases in medical practice has proved valuable. There was a decided difference of opinion as to the value and propriety of public exhibitions of hypnotism. Several such exhibitions have been given in this city, some of which have attracted attention from physicians as well as from the curious and investigating public. Dr. Paul Gibier, the well-known head of the Pasteur
Psychiatric Symptomatology in Wives of Military Retirees
Authors: HARVEY R. GREENBERG
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

Some psychological problems of the military retiree's wife are discussed, with presentation of four representative cases. While gross psychopathological disturbances certainly are encountered in this group, milder situational or stress reactions are probably more common, are brought to the attention of psychiatric personnel far less frequently, and are probably appropriate to the major life changes which retirement presages. Retirement is viewed in its context for the psychic life of the individual more often than not, but its impact upon the community should not be ignored. It is suggested that this largely neglected area of military sociology will become more important as the number of retirees inexorably increases.
London councils fail asylum seekers
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The care of people seeking asylum in Britain is a lottery, with some councils providing a much fairer deal than others, according to a survey of local councils in London.

The Medical Foundation for the Care of Victims of Torture examined the provision of care for asylum seekers in each of London's 32 boroughs and the Corporation of London, which between them care for 15 000 asylum seekers. A year ago welfare benefits …
Host APOL1 genotype is independently associated with proteinuria in HIV infection
Authors: Michelle M. Estrella, Christina M. Wyatt, C. Leigh Pearce, Man Li, Michael G. Shlipak, Bradley E. Aouizerat, Deborah Gustafson, Mardge H. Cohen, Stephen J. Gange, W.H. Linda Kao, Rulan S. Parekh
Journal: Kidney International (2013)
Inhibition of Complement Component C3 Reduces Vein Graft Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E3–Leiden Transgenic Mice
Authors: A. Schepers, M.R. de Vries, C.J. van Leuven, J.M. Grimbergen, V.M. Holers, M.R. Daha, J.H. van Bockel, P.H.A. Quax
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Venous bypass grafts may fail because of development of intimal hyperplasia and accelerated atherosclerosis. Inflammation plays a major role in these processes. Complement is an important part of the immune system and participates in the regulation of inflammation. The exact role of complement in the process of accelerated atherosclerosis of vein grafts has not yet been explored, however. Methods and Results— To assess the role of complement in the development of vein graft atherosclerosis, a mouse model, in which a venous interposition was placed in the common carotid artery, was used. In this model, vein graft thickening appeared within 4 weeks. The expression of complement components was studied with the use of immunohistochemistry on sections of the thickened vein graft. C1q, C3, C9, and the regulatory proteins CD59 and complement receptor-related gene y could be detected in the lesions 4 weeks after surgery. Quantitative mRNA analysis for C1q, C3, CD59, and complement receptor-related gene y revealed expression of these molecules in the thickened vein graft, whereas C9 did not show local mRNA expression. Furthermore, interference with C3 activation with complement receptor-related gene y–Ig was associated with reduced vein graft thickening, reduced C3 and C9 deposition, and reduced inflammation as assessed by analysis of influx of inflammatory cells, such as leukocytes, T cells, and monocytes. In addition, changes in apoptosis and proliferation were observed. When C3 was inhibited by cobra venom factor, a similar reduction in vein graft thickening was observed. Conclusions— The complement cascade is involved in vein graft thickening and may be a target for therapy in vein graft failure disease.