tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Address ON SOME PRACTICAL POINTS IN THE TREATMENT AND CLINICAL HISTORY OF EARLY SYPHILIS: Delivered before the Manchester (West) Division, British Medical Association
Authors: W. Coates
Journal: BMJ (1910)

study of early syphilis is full of interest, but its range is so vast that it is but a fringe of the subject that can be dealt with to-day.No disease presents more difficult problems for solution, or more complicated sym- ptoms for treatment.These concern not only the family practitioner: every branch of the kingdom of medicine is invaded, and each specialist sees, and must be alive to, its early and remote effects.It respects no class: rich and poor, old and young, peer and peasant, the depraved and the chaste, are alike counted amongst its victims.Its effects may be so lasting as to influence all periods of a man's life, and they bulk as a great factor in determining the vitality, affluence, prosperity, and happineEs of a race.The Carability of Syphilis.In the largemajority of cases, and judged on lines that apply to other diseases, syphilis is curable, and it is unnecessarily cruel to teach otherwise.Occasionally cases occur that resist treatment; and others, apparently immune for years, suddenly break out in symptom.The syphilitic virus sometimes assails a constitution with an idiosyncrasy favourable to its development and multiplication; then, indeed, it is difficult to cure.But by far the larger number of cases of syphilis, if seen early and treated rightly, remain well to all intents and purposes, though the longer the treatment is delayed the more difficult and protracted is the recovery.Small-pox,
Update in Cardiology
Authors: Peter H. Stone
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Updates15 November 2005Update in CardiologyPeter H. Stone, MDPeter H. Stone, MDFrom Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-143-10-200511150-00011 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail This Update will cover the highlights of an extraordinary year in cardiology. Papers included in the update examined important research in the areas of unstable and stable coronary artery syndromes, risk factors for atherosclerotic disease, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, peripheral vascular disease, and valvular heart disease.Unstable Coronary Artery SyndromesIntensive Atorvastatin Therapy Provided Greater Protection than Moderate Pravastatin Therapy for Patients Who Have Had an Acute Coronary Syndrome Cannon CP, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, et al. Intensive versus moderate lipid lowering with statins after acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:1495-504. [PMID: 15007110]Statins are known to reduce cardiac ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Peter H. Stone, MDAffiliations: From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.Disclosures: Dr. Stone received research grants from Pfizer (not active) and Boston Scientific Corporation (active), served on a now-defunct advisory board for CV Therapeutics, and has served on an advisory board for Pfizer (not active). He has received honoraria from Pfizer for several speaking engagements.Corresponding Author: Peter H. Stone, MD, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115; e-mail, [email protected]org. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoUndisclosed Conflicts of Interest Daniel M. Musher Undisclosed Conflicts of Interest Peter H. Stone Correction: Update in Cardiology Metrics Cited byUndisclosed Conflicts of InterestDaniel M. Musher, MDCorrection: Update in Cardiology 15 November 2005Volume 143, Issue 10Page: 737-743KeywordsAnginaCholesterolDrugsHeartHeart failureMyocardial infarctionRevascularizationStent implantation ePublished: 15 November 2005 Issue Published: 15 November 2005 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Hematological predictors of increased severe anemia in Kenyan children coinfected with<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>and HIV-1
Authors: Gregory C. Davenport, Collins Ouma, James B. Hittner, Tom Were, Yamo Ouma, John M. Ong'echa, Douglas J. Perkins
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

Malaria and HIV-1 are coendemic in many developing countries, with anemia being the most common pediatric hematological manifestation of each disease. Anemia is also one of the primary causes of mortality in children monoinfected with either malaria or HIV-1. Although our previous results showed HIV-1(+) children with acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria [Pf(+)] have more profound anemia, potential causes of severe anemia in coinfected children remain unknown. As such, children with P. falciparum malaria (aged 3-36 months, n = 542) from a holoendemic malaria transmission area of western Kenya were stratified into three groups: HIV-1 negative [HIV-1(-)/Pf(+)]; HIV-1 exposed [HIV-1(exp)/Pf(+)]; and HIV-1 infected [HIV-1(+)/Pf(+)]. Comprehensive clinical, parasitological, and hematological measures were determined upon enrollment. Univariate, correlational, and hierarchical regression analyses were used to determine differences among the groups and to define predictors of worsening anemia. HIV-1(+)/Pf(+) children had significantly more malarial pigment-containing neutrophils (PCN), monocytosis, increased severe anemia (Hb < 6.0 g/dL), and nearly 10-fold greater mortality within 3 months of enrollment. Common causes of anemia in malaria-infected children, such as increased parasitemia or reduced erythropoiesis, did not account for worsening anemia in the HIV-1(+)/Pf(+) group nor did carriage of sickle cell trait or G6PD deficiency. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that more profound anemia was associated with elevated PCM, younger age, and increasing HIV-1 status ([HIV-1(-) --> HIV-1(exp) --> HIV-1(+)]. Thus, malaria/HIV-1 coinfection is characterized by more profound anemia and increased mortality, with acquisition of monocytic pigment having the most detrimental impact on Hb levels.
Medical Literature Made Easy
Authors: Robert Sikorski
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In the new patient clinic, an oncology fellow sees a 60-year-old man who was diagnosed with gastric cancer 1 year earlier. The patient underwent surgical resection and reports that all of his tumor was removed. He has had no medical care in the interim. Since the fellow does not see many patients with gastric cancer in the clinic, he is unsure of the current treatment recommendations. Does the patient need follow-up computed tomographic (CT) scans? If so, how often? Would adjuvant chemotherapy be beneficial for this type of cancer? After seeing the patient, the physician decides to use the Internet to perform a literature search on the topic.
Congenital Cardiac Disease Associated with Polysplenia
Authors: JAMES H. MOLLER, AHMAD NAKIB, RAY C. ANDERSON, JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1967)

The well-recognized association of congenital cardiac disease with asplenia has been termed "bilateral right-sidedness" or dextro-isomerism, since the spleen is absent, the liver is symmetrical, and each lung has three lobes and an epiarterial bronchus. In a study of pathological material from 12 patients with congenital cardiac disease associated with multiple spleens (as contrasted to accessory spleen), we found a definite tendency for the symmetrical development of organs but with a tendency for bilateral left-sidedness or levo-isomerism. The abnormalities assumed one of three forms as follows: (1) absence of a normal right-sided structure, (2) bilateral organs, each with the structure of a left-sided organ, or (3) excessive tissue of a left-sided organ. Thus, in polysplenia we observed a tendency for (1) absence of the hepatic segment of the inferior vena cava and absence of the gallbladder, (2) two lobes in each lung with hyparterial bronchi, and (3) multiple spleens. Other noncardiac abnormalities were partial or complete abdominal heterotaxia and partial malrotation of the bowel. The cardiac malformations included dextrocardia, bilateral superior venae cavae, anomalous pulmonary venous connection with malposition of the atrial septum, and defects in the atrial septum and in the ventricular septum. Our study suggests that the developmental complex of multiple spleens is closely related to the asplenic syndrome, with the important difference being left-sided symmetry rather than right-sided symmetry.
Doctors demand AIDS drugs for women who have been raped
Authors: P. Sidley
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The number of women raped in South Africa is among the highest in the world, with an estimated 25% of women likely to be raped at some point over the course of their lives. These crimes occur in a country in which about 25% of the population is infected with HIV, and 1800 people are newly infected with the virus each day. Women who have been raped believe that they have a good chance of having been infected with HIV by the rape perpetrator. South Africa's ministry of health is resistant to allocating resources for the provision of a course of zidovudine, a GlaxoWellcome antiretroviral drug, to women who have been raped. The drug is expensive and there is no scientific proof that such a prophylactic course can effectively reduce the chance of a raped woman becoming infected with HIV. The South African Medical Association recommends zidovudine treatment at the government's expense for women who have been raped. Additional attention was focused upon the issue following the publication of an article by Charlene Smith, a Johannesburg journalist, describing her difficulties obtaining zidovudine from a local private hospital after being raped, even though she was insured and willing to pay.
A dose-dependent requirement for the proline motif of CD28 in cellular and humoral immunity revealed by a targeted knockin mutant
Authors: Lindzy D. Friend, Dulari D. Shah, Christine Deppong, Joseph Lin, Traci L. Bricker, Twyla I. Juehne, Christine M. Rose, Jonathan M. Green
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2006)

Activation of naive T cells requires the integration of signals through the antigen receptor and CD28. Although there is agreement on the importance of CD28, there remains controversy on the mechanism by which CD28 regulates T cell function. We have generated a gene-targeted knockin mouse expressing a mutation in the C-terminal proline-rich region of the cytoplasmic tail of CD28. Our analysis conclusively showed that this motif is essential for CD28-dependent regulation of interleukin 2 secretion and proliferation. In vivo analysis revealed that mutation of this motif-dissociated CD28-dependent regulation of cellular and humoral responses in an allergic airway inflammation model. Furthermore, we find an important gene dosage effect on the phenotype of the mutation and provide a mechanistic explanation for the conflicting data on the significance of this motif in CD28 function.
Reply: Endobronchial Ultrasound–guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration versus Cervical Mediastinoscopy: Case Selection Is Needed to Maintain Clinical as well as Cost Benefits
Authors: Neal Navani, Sam M. Janes
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

From the Authors:

We thank Drs. Agarwal and Ahmad for their interest in our article (1). We agree that it is important to include patients with mediastinal pathology in the diagnostic algorithm to maintain clinical as well as fiscal benefits. Subjecting patients without mediastinal pathology to mediastinoscopy, with or without prior endobronchial ultrasound–guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA), cannot be considered good practice.

In our trial, we specifically only included patients who were selected by a multidisciplinary team (including a pulmonologist, surgeon, and radiologist) as appropriate for mediastinoscopy. The patients included, therefore, have a high pretest probability of having abnormal mediastinal pathology. Drs. Agarwal and Ahmad highlight that ethnicity is associated with an underlying diagnosis in patients with isolated mediastinal lymphadenopathy. However, they do not comment on other factors that may also predict an underlying diagnosis, including clinical features, radiological evidence of lymph node necrosis on computed tomography scan, and most importantly, lymph node size. It should be noted that the mean lymph node size in our trial was 23 mm, considerably larger than the current cutoff of 10 mm for the pathological evaluation of mediastinal lymph nodes in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (2). We believe that taking these other factors into account in a multidisciplinary setting will allow appropriate patient selection for invasive mediastinal lymph node sampling, regardless of the underlying ethnic diversity of the population.

Drs. Agarwal and Ahmad also highlight the issue of diagnosing lymphoma using EBUS-TBNA. We believe this has been addressed in the Discussion section of our article. Our trial only included three patients with lymphoma (out of 77 consecutively recruited), precluding any conclusions about the role of EBUS-TBNA in this patient group. An ongoing multicenter collaboration is currently underway to clarify this further. However, in the meantime, the low prevalence of lymphoma in patients presenting with isolated mediastinal lymphadenopathy justifies the approach of performing EBUS-TBNA as an initial investigation in patients who would have otherwise undergone mediastinoscopy.
Basophil activation test (BAT) and lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) in wasp allergic patients after 3 years of wasp venom immunotherapy
Authors: K.J. De Knop, A.J. Schuerwegh, D.G. Ebo, C.H. Bridts, L.S. De Clerck, W.J. Stevens
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Gastric Blood Flow and Inhibition of Histamine-Stimulated Gastric Secretion
Authors: Arnold S. Leonard, James C. Engle, Edward T. Peter, Donlin Long, Owen H. Wangensteen
Journal: JAMA (1964)

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFLUENCE on gastric ulcerogenesis was demonstrated in the 1840's by Rokitansky<sup>1</sup>and Schiff.<sup>2</sup>It remained, however, for Cushing's<sup>3</sup>clinical observations reported in 1932 to confirm the concept of this relationship and thus render impetus to further experimentation in this field. It has previously been demonstrated that stimulation of the anterior hypothalamus results in enhanced hydrochloric acid secretion<sup>4</sup>as well as increased blood flow.<sup>5</sup>By contrast, stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus did not initiate hydrochloric acid secretion, in fact, it resulted in inhibition of hydrochloric acid secretion following subcutaneously administered histamine.<sup>4</sup>Further experiments revealed a marked decrease in gastric blood flow following posterior hypothalamic stimulation.<sup>5</sup>Thus a relationship between blood flow and secretory capacity of the stomach influenced by the autonomic nervous system was in part established in separate studies. The following experiment was devised in order to measure directly blood
In vivo colonoscopic optical coherence tomography for transmural inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Bo Shen, Gregory Zuccaro, Terry L. Gramlich, Natalie Gladkova, Patricia Trolli, Margaret Kareta, Conor P. Delaney, Jason T. Connor, Bret A. Lashner, Charles L. Bevins, Felix Feldchtein, Feza H. Remzi, Marlene L. Bambrick, Victor W. Fazio
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2004)
Ank3-Dependent SVZ Niche Assembly Is Required for the Continued Production of New Neurons
Authors: Patricia Paez-Gonzalez, Khadar Abdi, Dominic Luciano, Yan Liu, Mario Soriano-Navarro, Emma Rawlins, Vann Bennett, Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo, Chay T. Kuo
Journal: Neuron (2011)
The challenge posed by endocrine-disrupting chemicals.
Authors: J Ashby, E Houthoff, S J Kennedy, J Stevens, R Bars, F W Jekat, P Campbell, J Van Miller, F M Carpanini, G L Randall
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Rapid regulatory developments in the area of environmental endocrine disruption present a series of potential problems that are identified and illustrated with examples taken from the recent literature. A list of priorities is provided, including the need for additional epidemiological and wildlife studies, the derivation of a coordinated testing strategy, agreement on the toxicities expected of endocrine disrupting agents, and acceptance that whole animal assays will be uniquely critical in this area of toxicology. The intrinsic difficulty of attempting to simultaneously study all aspects of endocrine disruption indicates the need to reduce the scope of the problem, which can be achieved by first studying toxicities mediated by sex hormone receptors.
President's Budget Request for NCI
Authors: A. Jacobs-Perkins
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

President's Budget Request for NCI Get access Andree Jacobs-Perkins Andree Jacobs-Perkins Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 5, 7 March 1990, Page 351, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.5.351 Published: 07 March 1990
Thermodilution cardiac output may be incorrect in patients on venovenous extracorporeal lung assist.
Authors: M Haller, C Zöllner, W Manert, J Briegel, E Kilger, J Polasek, T Hummel, H Forst, K Peter
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Cardiac output measurement is part of routine monitoring in critically ill patients. In patients on extracorporeal lung assist, thermodilution cardiac output measurement may lead to erroneous results caused by indicator loss into the extracorporeal circuit. Seven patients on venovenous extracorporeal lung assist were studied using different extracorporeal blood flows. We compared conventional thermodilution cardiac output determinations with dye dilution cardiac output measurement, with dye injection into the pulmonary artery. The latter method is not affected by the extracorporeal circuit. The conventional thermodilution method overestimated cardiac output up to a maximum of 300%, providing results up to 10 L/min higher than true cardiac output. The mean difference between thermodilution and true cardiac output as determined by dye dilution with pulmonary artery indicator injection was 3.0 +/- 2.41 L/min. There was no correlation between thermodilution cardiac output values and true cardiac output (r = 0.06). We conclude that conventional thermodilution is not a suitable method for cardiac output measurement in patients on extracorporeal lung assist, especially if high extracorporeal blood flows are applied.
Case 47-1979
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Charles A. Hales, Robert H. Rubin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Presentation of CaseA 34-year-old business executive was admitted to the hospital because of pulmonary infiltrates.He was well until 14 months previously, when fever, sore throat and chest pain developed. An x-ray film of the chest showed pneumonitis of the right middle lobe. Erythromycin and tetracycline were administered, without improvement. One month later another x-ray film of the chest was unchanged, and the patient entered another hospital. Skin tests with PPD and histoplasmin were negative, and a culture of sputum yielded a normal throat flora. Microscopical examination of a biopsy specimen of a right scalene lymph node and bronchoscopic . . .
Bone marrow aspirate in Chédiak-Higashi syndrome
Authors: Abbas Hashim Abdulsalam, Nafila Sabeeh, Barbara J. Bain
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

A 10-month-old Iraqi male presented with meningoencephalitis and was treated with antibiotics. The blood count showed: white cell count 2.5 × 109/l, neutrophil count 0.08 × 109/l, hemoglobin concentration 96 g/l and platelet count 160 × 109/l. The severe neutropenia led to a bone marrow aspirate being performed. This revealed the diagnosis of Chédiak–Higashi syndrome. The child's skin was normally pigmented and the diagnosis had not previously been suspected. The inclusions of Chédiak–Higashi syndrome sometimes have staining characteristics appropriate to a lineage but sometimes they stain abnormally. In this composite image of a Romanowsky-stained bone marrow film, eosinophil granules are giant but retain their eosinophilic characteristics whereas many of the giant neutrophil granules stain deep purple. In addition to globular inclusions, some cells contain crystals (arrows).
Regulatory effects of endogenous interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein in immunoglobulin G immune complex-induced lung injury.
Authors: T P Shanley, J L Peters, M L Jones, S W Chensue, S L Kunkel, P A Ward
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) has regulatory effects on IL-1 activity both in vitro and in vivo. In the IgG immune complex model of lung injury in rats, exogenously administered human IL-1Ra suppressed neutrophil recruitment and ensuing lung injury. In this study, we sought to determine if endogenous rat IL-1Ra might regulate this lung-inflammatory response. By Northern blot analysis of lung mRNA and Western analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids, rat IL-1Ra expression was found to increase during development of inflammation in IgG immune complex-mediated alveolitis. By immunostaining, alveolar macrophages and recruited neutrophils were the apparent sources of IL-1Ra. In vivo blocking of endogenous IL-1Ra resulted in a 53% increase in lung vascular permeability and a 180% increase in BAL fluid neutrophils. In companion studies, a significant increase in IL-1beta was found, whereas no significant change in TNF-alpha activity was observed. Whereas the in vivo regulatory effects of IL-1R appear to be limited to IL-1beta, IL-10 regulates both IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in this model, reflected by a 48% increase in BAL IL-1beta in rats treated with anti-IL-10. These findings suggest that IL-1Ra is an intrinsic regulator of inflammatory injury after deposition of IgG immune complexes and that it regulates production of IL-1beta.