tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Separation of sublethal and lethal effects of the bactericidal/permeability increasing protein on Escherichia coli.
Authors: B A Mannion, J Weiss, P Elsbach
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Binding of the bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (BPI) of granulocytes to Escherichia coli promptly produces several discrete outer envelope alterations and growth arrest without major impairment of bacterial structure or biosynthetic capabilities, raising the question whether these early effects of BPI are sufficient to cause bacterial death. In this study, the bactericidal action of BPI was examined more closely. We have found that bovine or human serum albumin blocks bacterial killing without preventing BPI binding or an increase in outer membrane permeability. Moreover, addition of serum albumin after BPI results in growth resumption without displacement of bound BPI and without (early) repair of the envelope alterations. These effects are opposite to those produced by Mg2+ (80 mM), which displaces greater than 85% of bound BPI and rapidly initiates outer envelope repair without restoration of bacterial growth. The extent of rescue by serum albumin depends on the time and pH of preincubation of BPI with E. coli: e.g., for E. coli J5 treated with human BPI, t1/2 = 79 min at pH 7.4 and 10 min at pH 6.0. The serum albumin effects on BPI action are the same in wild-type E. coli and in a mutant strain lacking an activatable phospholipase, indicating that serum albumin does not act by sequestering membrane-damaging products of bacterial phospholipid hydrolysis. The progression from reversible to irreversible growth arrest, revealed by the subsequent addition of serum albumin at different times, is paralleled by a decrease in amino acid uptake and an increase in the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane to o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside. These findings demonstrate at least two stages in the action of BPI: (a) an early, reversible, sublethal stage in which BPI has effects on the outer envelope and causes growth arrest, and (b) time- and pH-dependent progression to a lethal stage, apparently involving cytoplasmic membrane damage, possibly caused by penetration of a small subpopulation of BPI.
L-arginine abrogates salt-sensitive hypertension in Dahl/Rapp rats.
Authors: P Y Chen, P W Sanders
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

This study examined the contribution of nitric oxide (NO) to the susceptibility or resistance to the hypertensive effects of high sodium chloride (8.0% NaCl) intake in young Dahl/Rapp salt-sensitive (SS/Jr) and salt-resistant (SR/Jr) rats. Using NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) as a probe for NO production in vivo, we found that increasing dietary sodium chloride increased NO activity in salt-resistant rats, but not in salt-sensitive rats. Exogenous L-arginine, the substrate for NO synthesis, decreased blood pressure to normotensive levels in salt-sensitive rats made hypertensive for 2 wk from 8.0% NaCl chow. D-arginine had no effect on blood pressure of these rats and L-arginine did not change blood pressure of salt-resistant rats. Intraperitoneal injections of L-arginine and its precursor, L-citrulline, and oral L-arginine, but not D-arginine, prevented the increase in blood pressure in salt-sensitive rats on the high salt chow over 2 wk of observation. In contrast, L-arginine did not alter the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Mean urinary cGMP levels were higher in salt-sensitive rats on oral L-arginine than salt-sensitive rats on D-arginine. Infusion of L-NMMA acutely decreased, whereas intravenous L-arginine rapidly increased, urinary cGMP in both groups. L-arginine and L-citrulline increased production of NO and prevented salt-sensitive hypertension in Dahl/Rapp rats.
STUDIES IN THE BLOOD CYTOLOGY OF THE RABBIT
Authors: Louise Pearce, Albert E. Casey
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1930)

A study of the blood cytology of normal male rabbits was carried out from October 20, 1927 to November 22, 1928 in connection with an investigation of constitutional and environmental factors related to the occurrence and course of disease. In 1110 observations on 174 animals, total red and white cells counts, differential white cell counts by the supravital method, and hemoglobin estimations were made. A statistical analysis of the results obtained is presented. Attention is directed to the occurrence of wide variations in the numbers of the various white cells as contrasted with comparatively small variations in the numbers of red cells and of hemoglobin content. The results recorded are regarded as representing approximate rather than fixed values of normality.
Cutting balloon angioplasty for the treatment of in-stent restenosis: a matched comparison with rotational atherectomy, additional stent implantation and balloon angioplasty
Authors: Milena Adamian, Antonio Colombo, Carlo Briguori, Takahiro Nishida, Federica Marsico, Carlo Di Mario, Remo Albiero, Issam Moussa, Jeffrey W Moses
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
70 Differential effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and cholic acid (CA) on hepatic and renal expression of MRP4 and MRP6, two novel ABC transporters, in mice
Authors: G. Zollner, E. Hallibasic, M. Wagner, P. Fickert, D. Silbert, J. Gumhold, A. Fuchsbichler, K. Zatloukal, H. Denk, M. Trauner
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
MECKEL'S SCINTIGRAPHY
Authors: Jeffrey S. Kempf, Manan Patel, Anthony P. Yudd, Hussein M. Abdel-Dayem, Theodore J. Stahl, Mustafa F. Akisik
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Kempf, Jeffrey S. M.D.*; Patel, Manan M.D.**; Yudd, Anthony P. M.D., Ph.D.*; Abdel-Dayem, Hussein M. M.D.***; Stahl, Theodore J. M.D.*; Akisik, Mustafa F. M.D.** Author Information
Comparison of the Peak Inotropic Effects of a Catecholamine and a Digitalis Glycoside in the Intact Canine Heart
Authors: G. DAVID BEISER, STEPHEN E. EPSTEIN, ROBERT E. GOLDSTEIN, MORRIS STAMPFER, EUGENE BRAUNWALD
Journal: Circulation (1970)

The relative peak effects of isoproterenol and ouabain on myocardial contractility and cardiac output were compared by infusing increasing amounts of these two drugs into seven open-chest anesthetized dogs until toxicity developed. Just prior to the development of toxicity isoproterenol increased contractile force an average of 149% and the peak rate of force development (df/dt) an average of 278% of control values, compared to an increase of only 49% and 35%, respectively, with the administration of ouabain. Cardiac output and stroke volume were also significantly greater with the catecholamine than the glycoside. The combination of isoproterenol and ouabain produced essentially the same contractile force and stroke volume achieved by isoproterenol alone. Suppression of ouabain-induced arrhythmias by ventricular pacing allowed additional glycoside to be infused until ventricular fibrillation terminated the study. With pacing and ouabain, contractile force increased 131% above control, a level similar to that achieved by isoproterenol; peak df/dt increased to 200% above control, a value significantly lower than that obtained with isoproterenol. However, stroke volume decreased despite a substantial increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. It is concluded that maximal doses of isoproterenol produce significantly greater increases in myocardial contractility and cardiac output compared to ouabain, even when the toxicity produced by the latter is suppressed by electrical stimulation.
Sorafenib improves rituximab and ofatumumab efficacy by decreasing the expression of complement regulatory proteins
Authors: M Dwojak, M Bobrowicz, J Bil, K Bojarczuk, B Pyrzynska, M Siernicka, A Malenda, E Lech-Maranda, W Tomczak, K Giannopoulos, J Golab, M Winiarska
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2015)

Sorafenib improves rituximab and ofatumumab efficacy by decreasing the expression of complement regulatory proteins
Highest French court awards compensation for "being born"
Authors: A. Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (2001)

French obstetricians and specialists in prenatal diagnosis last week protested about a decision by France's highest court of appeal that upheld damages to a boy for “being born.”

The decision states that a child can be compensated for being born with a handicap or a malformation if a mother had not had the opportunity to ask for a therapeutic abortion because she had not been informed of the …
Do Evolving Practices Improve Survival in Operated Lung Cancer Patients? A Biobank May Answer
Authors: Fotis Vlastos, Stéphanie Lacomme, Pascal Wild, Stéphane Poulain, Joëlle Siat, Gilles Grosdidier, Stanislas du Manoir, Ben Monga, Georgios Hillas, Roselyne Varsovie, Frédérique Claudot, Béatrice Marie, Jean Michel Vignaud, Nadine Szymanski
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Aspirin for preventing and treating pre-eclampsia
Authors: L. Duley
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Pre-eclampsia is a multisystem disorder usually associated with raised blood pressure and proteinuria. A relatively common complication of the second half of pregnancy, it affects 2-8% of pregnancies.1 Although outcome is often good, pre-eclampsia remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality for both woman and child. For example, the woman may develop renal or hepatic failure or disseminated intravascular coagulation or have a cerebrovascular haemorrhage. The baby may have intrauterine growth restriction, suffer the consequences of prematurity, or die in utero. The causes of pre-eclampsia remain obscure, but women with the condition produce excess thromboxane, and thus aspirin has long been tried for both prevention and treatment. Early trials were promising, but more recent ones have shown little benefit.

Although the causes of pre-eclampsia are unknown, it is primarily a placental disorder.2 During implantation, deficient trophoblast invasion of the maternal spiral arteries leads to underperfusion of the uteroplacental circulation and placental ischaemia. The resulting placental damage is thought to be responsible for the release of, as yet unknown, factors into the maternal circulation, which then alter endothelial cell function and cause widespread circulatory …
863. Directed Evolution of Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) Vectors for Human Gene Therapy
Authors: Luca Perabo, Jan Endell, Susan King, Daniela Goldnau, Kerstin Lux, Michael Hallek, Hildegard Buening
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The success of viral vectors in gene therapy will depend on our ability to solve a number of problems, the most important regarding safety and efficiency of the vector. Overcoming these obstacles requires appropriate molecular engineering of the viral particles. We performed combinatorial manipulation of the viral capsid by error prone PCR to generate mutants with optimized phenotype. To demonstrate the potential of this technology, we randomized the capsid of adeno-associated virus of type 2 (AAV-2), scattering point mutations throughout the capsid gene. The obtained library of viral particles was panned for the selection of viral clones that escape neutralization by human antibodies. We identified several capsid variants that efficiently transduce target cells in vitro in the presence of human serum concentrations that completely neutralize wild type AAV-2. These clones could be used as gene therapy vectors for the treatment of patients with AAV-2 preexisting immunity. The mutants identified in this study unveil undiscovered properties of the viral capsid. This suggests that combinatorial engineering overcomes the limitations of rational design posed by incomplete understanding of the infectious process, offering at the same time a powerful tool to dissect basic viral biology by reverse genetics.
Hot Flushes in a 76-Year-Old Man
Authors: Malcolm S. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  One of us (M.H.) recently submitted to the QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS section ofThe Journalan inquiry concerning the etiology and treatment of hot flushes in a 76-year-old man. 1 These episodes occurred intermittently over a five-year period up to five times per day, although predominantly at night. They were associated with urinary urgency but were not associated with wheezing, palpitations, headache, diarrhea, or feelings of depersonalization. Repeated investigations for the common causes of hot flushes—carcinoid, pheochromocytoma, thyrotoxicosis, and medication-related symptoms—were unrevealing.  We received two responses from two endocrinologists. Dr Bravo suggested reassuring the patient that his was a benign condition and nothing should be done unless symptoms worsened, in which case extensive endocrinologic studies should be attempted during episodes. Dr Schwartz recommended more intensive workup for carcinoid and autonomic epilepsy, including a liver scan and electroencephalogram and a trial of anticonvulsant medication.  A psychiatric consultation by
Cancer Screening in the United States, 2008: A Review of Current American Cancer Society Guidelines and Cancer Screening Issues
Authors: R. A. Smith, V. Cokkinides, O. W. Brawley
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2008)

Each year the American Cancer Society (ACS) publishes a summary of its recommendations for early cancer detection and a summary of the most current data on cancer screening rates and trends in US adults. In 2007, the ACS updated its colorectal cancer screening guidelines in a collaborative effort with the US Multi-Society Task Force and the American College of Radiology. In this issue of the journal, we summarize the current ACS guidelines, provide an update of the most recent data pertaining to participation rates in cancer screening from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and the National Health Interview Survey, and address some issues related to access to care.
Cigarette Smoking and Cancer of the Bladder
Authors: Ben G. Cobb
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The incidence of carcinoma of the bladder is increasing. There is some evidence that this increase is related to the increased use of tobacco products. Statistics from the United States, Denmark, and France have shown a qualitative relationship between tobacco usage and bladder cancer. This study was undertaken to determine if a quantitative relationship could be established as well.  A total of 136 patients with bladder cancer were studied and of these, 123 were found to be either medium or heavy smokers. The threshold value was found to be the equivalent of one pack of cigarettes a day for 15 to 30 years.  The possible mechanism for the relationship between tobacco usage and bladder cancer is pointed out. The area of excretion of a chemical that is carcinogenic may be as important as the area of ingestion.
Abnormal oxidant sensitivity and beta-chain structure of spectrin in hereditary spherocytosis associated with defective spectrin-protein 4.1 binding.
Authors: P S Becker, J S Morrow, S E Lux
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is an inherited disorder of erythrocyte shape associated with spectrin deficiency and hemolytic anemia. In a subset of patients with the autosomal dominant form of HS, spectrin displays a reduced capacity to bind protein 4.1 and, therefore, actin; both functions that are critical to the membrane skeleton. A specific structural defect has not been identified in the spectrin from these patients. Chymotryptic digestion of the isolated spectrin chains shows impaired cleavage of the distal peptide of the beta subunit, the beta IV domain. In previous work, we have shown that mild oxidation markedly diminishes the binding capacity of normal spectrin for protein 4.1. Here we observe that chemical reduction of freshly isolated, untreated HS spectrin dramatically improves its function. Thus, a primary structural defect in the beta subunit of spectrin in this subtype of HS may lead to oxidant sensitivity, and secondarily, to a functional defect in the binding of spectrin to protein 4.1 and actin.
Soft-Tissue Abscesses in a Diabetic Patient
Authors: John L. Floyd
Journal: JAMA (1981)

DIABETIC patients are believed to be at increased risk for bacterial infections. The proposed mechanisms include the deleterious effects of hyperglycemia and acidosis on polymorphonuclear function.<sup>1</sup>Insulin-dependent diabetics are continually exposed to violation of their skin by needles and may thus have an even higher risk of infection. In addition, insulin-dependent diabetics, along with parenteral drug abusers and patients receiving hemodialysis, have an increased carrier rate for<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>.<sup>2</sup>These latter two factors may help explain the increased susceptibility to staphylococcal infections in insulin-dependent diabetics. Gallium citrate Ga 67 scanning and ultrasound<sup>3</sup>techniques have gained widespread recognition in the evaluation of intra-abdominal and pelvic abscesses. We report a case that demonstrates another use of the gallium scan and sonogram—the evaluation of soft-tissue infections of the extremities. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 55-year-old man was admitted to Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, on July 17, 1980, with a five-day history
Changes in incidence of and mortality from breast cancer in England and Wales since introduction of screening
Authors: M. Quinn, E. Allen
Journal: BMJ (1995)

To assess the impact of the NHS breast screening programme on the incidence of and mortality from breast cancer.Comparison of age specific incidence and mortality before and after the introduction of screening in the late 1980s.England and Wales.Women aged over 30 years.In 1992 the age standardised incidence of breast cancer was 40% higher than in 1979. After the introduction of screening in 1988 recorded incidence rates rose steeply in the screened age group (50-64 year olds) but not in others. In 1992 the rates levelled off at about 25% higher than in 1987. Total mortality from breast cancer has increased steadily since the 1950s; the rates increased earlier in the younger age groups. By the mid-1980s rates had begun to fall in the younger age groups; but total mortality was still among the highest in the world. Age standardised mortality in the 55-69 age group changed little during the first three years of screening but then fell steeply and in 1994 was 12% lower than in 1987.Since the introduction of screening there have been pronounced increases in recorded incidence in the screened age group. Cancer registries have an essential role in assessing screening programmes and cancer services. The steep decrease in mortality in 55-69 year olds which began three years after screening started is unlikely to be due to screening. The widespread adoption of treatment with tamoxifen during this period may be important. With the reduction in mortality already observed and the expected additional benefits from screening, the Health of the Nation target should be achieved.
A HEMOSTAT FOR GOITER SURGERY
Authors: Frank H. Lahey
Journal: JAMA (1927)

In seeking a hemostat some years ago which was suitable for goiter surgery, the one marked "old style" in the accompanying illustration was designed and manufactured for our use. It was necessary to have this type of hemostat especially manufactured, as there was no snap on the market with a sufficiently sharp point for plunging them into the thyroid gland and at the same time possessing transverse stamping extending from the top to the heel of the jaws of the clamps. These hemostats have been employed in the clinic for years with great satisfaction, with the exception that catgut ties as they are passed about the handle of the hemostat and pulled downward toward its tip frequently catch in the fissure made by the open joint where the two limbs of the forceps are locked with a screw. To overcome this difficulty, the forceps shown in the illustration
Angiotensin-converting Enzyme, Sleep-disordered Breathing, and Hypertension
Authors: Ling Lin, Laurel Finn, Jing Zhang, Terry Young, Emmanuel Mignot
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion polymorphism influences ACE activity, cardiovascular risk, blood pressure, and possibly the risk of developing Alzheimer's dementia. We explored the association of the insertion/deletion polymorphism with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and hypertension in 1,100 subjects of the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort. The polymorphism did not influence body mass index or the occurrence of SDB, but was dose-dependently associated with blood pressure. Interestingly, SDB and the insertion/deletion polymorphism interacted significantly to modulate blood pressure independently of age, sex, ethnicity, and body mass index. Most specifically, the association of the deletion allele with hypertension was most pronounced in subjects with mild to moderate degrees of sleep apnea (5 < or = apnea-hypopnea index < or = 30). We hypothesize that in the absence of SDB the effect of the deletion allele alone may not be sufficient to increase blood pressure. At severe levels of SDB, the effect of sleep apnea on blood pressure overwhelms any association of the deletion allele with hypertension and occurs independent of any ACE gene genotype.
How Fat Works
Authors: Kim A. Carmichael
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Medical Writings: Book Notes7 November 2006How Fat WorksKim A. Carmichael, MDKim A. Carmichael, MDFrom Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-145-9-200611070-00026 SectionsAboutFull Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Wood PA. 272 pages. Boston: Harvard Univ Pr; 2006. $35.00. ISBN 0674019474. Order at www.hup.harvard.edu.Fields of medicine: Metabolism, nutrition, biochemistry, genetics, and research.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Physicians, metabolism researchers and students, and nutritionists.Purpose: To present a comprehensive review of the science of fat metabolism, as well as clinical applications and strategies to manage obesity.Content: This book describes the burden of obesity and is an overview of medical and scientific terminology, the general biochemistry and genetics of lipid and energy metabolism, and the pathogenesis of lipid abnormalities. The author explains the medical basis for diet, exercise, and ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 7 November 2006Volume 145, Issue 9Page: 712KeywordsBiochemistryExercise therapyFatsGeneticsLipidsMetabolic syndromeNutritionObesityPathogenesisSoftware tools ePublished: 7 November 2006 Issue Published: 7 November 2006 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
P321Modelling cardiac hypertrophy/hyperplasia in the zebrafish
Authors: D Kulaveerasingam, Y Hinits, SM Hughes
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Hypertrophy and hyperplasia play key roles in the growth of heart muscle. Following formation of the zebrafish heart tube at one day post fertilisation (dpf), it is currently thought that cell addition at the poles of the heart, with little proliferation of cardiomyocytes, results in growth until 2 dpf. From 3 dpf, cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation contributes to formation of trabeculae, which increases muscle mass and cardiac efficiency. However, the relative contribution of hypertrophy and hyperplasia at these critical stages is not well known. We have characterised how the normal heart grows during the first five days. To understand the contribution of hypertrophy and hyperplasia in myocardial growth, we have acquired confocal and 2-photon images of CM labelled live hearts and quantified nuclear numbers, ventricular myocardial thickness, volume and dimensions. Analysis of fish with manipulation of genes implicated in cardiac hypertrophy will be presented.