tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Idiopathic Dyserythropoietic Jaundice.
Authors: S. Berendsohn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963Idiopathic Dyserythropoietic Jaundice.S. Berendsohn, M.D., J. Lowman, M.D., R. D. Sundberg, M.D., Ph.D., C. J. Watson, M.D., M.A.C.P.S. Berendsohn, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. Lowman, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, R. D. Sundberg, M.D., Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, C. J. Watson, M.D., M.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-732_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA 35-year-old Peruvian male with prolonged retention jaundice has been studied in detail with special reference to the origin of the great excess of bilirubin in the serum and bile, and of urobilinogen in the feces. Superficially, the disease simulated hemolytic jaundice although the moderate anemia was normocytic normochromic without increased fragility or spherocytosis of the red blood cells. Thalassemia was excluded.With use of N15glycine it was readily established that the life span of the circulating erythrocytes was normal and that nearly all of the fecal urobilinogen was derived from sources other than the hemoglobin of mature circulating... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Minneapolis, Minn. (CI) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 732-732KeywordsBileBilirubinGlycineHemoglobinHemolytic anemiaHemolytic jaundiceRed blood cellsThalassemia Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Allergic Reactions to Drugs and Biologic Agents
Authors: John A. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In summary, the term adverse drug reaction is used to designate any type of undesirable and unintended response to a drug and can be broadly classified on the basis of either the presence or absence of an immune mechanism. Allergic reactions (immune) constitute only 5% to 10% of adverse drug reactions. Drug intolerance (nonimmune) constitutes the rest of these reactions. Many of these latter reactions are mild and self-limited, and many drug intolerances cannot be exactly characterized. Of those reactions in which an immune mechanism has been indicated or reactions that clinically appear to be "allergiclike," a limited number of in vivo (eg, skin tests) or in vitro (eg, RAST, IgE-ELISA, other antibody, or cell-mediated assays) tests have proved helpful in the diagnosis. Best studied are adverse reactions to aspirin, penicillin, insulin, and RCM. The principal treatment of all adverse drug reactions is to avoid the drug that has been specifically identified as being responsible for the previous reaction. In cases where avoidance is not possible, desensitization is an alternative (eg, penicillin and insulin). Prophylactic treatment of patients who had previously demonstrated a drug intolerance reaction (eg, systemic RCM reaction) with medication--particularly type I activation--may be helpful in some patients.
P246 Respiratory patient activity, physical exercise in normal individuals, and telehealth prediction of air pollution
Authors: M Morrison, KM Prentice, LJ Anderson, K Mcdowall, E Hopkins, L Macleod-Kennedy, JK Anderson, I Beverland, S Sneddon, K Anderson
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> While air pollution is associated with morbidity and mortality in patients with respiratory and cardiac disease, there are also effects in normal individuals particularly if exercising on days when pollutants are high. The accepted advice on these days is to reduce exposure by restricting activity or remaining indoors. Consequently, in the European Union, high PM10 levels in 2005 caused 625M individual restricted activity days, encouraging national telehealth programmes, which incorporate this approach. <i>Know and Respond</i>, introduced in Scotland in February 2012, informs individuals by text, email, or landline message of the next day’s air pollution prediction. <h3>Study</h3> Five main focus groups were contacted–COPD patients registered with our LTOT service (n=20, age 55–73), in-patient respiratory patients (n= 6 COPD and n=7 asthmatics, age 24–75), regular recreational joggers from central Glasgow (n=25, age 24–30), competitive athletes (n=15, age 21–26), and a group of occasional exercisers, who were predominately sedentary otherwise (n=15, age 25–30). Questions were asked about multimedia access, basic knowledge of air pollution and its’ influence on daily activities. <h3>Results</h3> Only 5 of the LTOT patients had internet access, and 7 had text receiving mobiles. All other subjects had internet access, and text phones. In the in-patient asthmatic group most were aware of the links between air pollution and health (6/7) and would change their exercise habits. In comparison only one COPD patient reported a link and consideration for air pollution when exercising. Some of the competitive athletes (13/15) and occasional exercisers (9/15) were aware of PM2.5 as a risk pollutant which might influence their choice of activity, but none of the joggers, who all ran regularly even during the high levels of air pollution in Glasgow during March 2012 when unseasonal weather patterns drew pollutant dusts from Europe across Scotland. <h3>Conclusion</h3> We would reasonably contend that the aim of <i>Know and Respond</i> is justified given the known effects of air pollution however we acknowledge that awareness of the background relevance of air pollution is extremely variable. <i>Know and Respond</i> patient cards have been sent to general practise surgeries nationally to encourage patients to register with this free service.
Radiation Therapy for "Wet" Type Macular Degeneration Shows Promise in Early Trials
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

EARLY clinical trials of an experimental treatment for the leading cause of blindness in developed countries have yielded encouraging although not yet convincing results. In the trials, a majority of patients with age-related macular degeneration of the "wet" type, who received lowdose external beam radiation to halt the proliferation of blood vessels beneath their retinas, experienced stabilized or improved vision. However, some ophthalmologists and others are not yet convinced that the improvement and stabilization of vision reported was a result of the treatment. Because the vision of patients with macular degeneration often stabilizes or improves without treatment, at least for a while, randomized controlled trials are necessary, they say, before this therapy can be considered effective. <h3>2 Types of Disorder</h3> There are 2 kinds of age-related macular degeneration, and the causes of both are unknown. The "wet" type is marked by a proliferation of blood vessels beneath the retina that
The Bcl6-SMRT/NCoR Cistrome Represses Inflammation to Attenuate Atherosclerosis
Authors: Grant D. Barish, Ruth T. Yu, Malith S. Karunasiri, Diana Becerra, Jason Kim, Tiffany W. Tseng, Li-Jung Tai, Matthias LeBlanc, Cody Diehl, Leandro Cerchietti, Yury I. Miller, Joseph L. Witztum, Ari M. Melnick, Alexander L. Dent, Rajendra K. Tangirala, Ronald M. Evans
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2012)
China bids to improve fitness levels
Authors: R. Tomlinson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The Chinese government is determined to improve fitness by encouraging sports among its increasingly sedentary population. The State Physical Culture and Sports Commission last week announced the start of a “grand physical training project,” which includes setting up new exercise facilities in 20 large cities.

Since economic reform started in 1979 rising standards of living have taken their toll on the population's general health. The medical afflictions of developed countries, including high blood pressure, heart disease, and diabetes, are all increasing in China.



The level of fitness among Chinese …
High-Value Health Care — A Sustainable Proposition
Authors: Gregory D. Curfman, Stephen Morrissey, Jeffrey M. Drazen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Health care in the United States is at a crossroads. With health care costs representing an unsustainable 17.6% of our gross domestic product, creation of a new, higher-value health care system has never been a greater priority. Although the rate of increase in health care spending has moderated during the economic recession, some experts predict that it will rebound as the economy recovers.Thus, the need for higher value in health care is urgent. The goal of high-value health care is to produce the best health outcomes at the lowest cost, and this goal has recently created a new alliance. . . .
Limitations of ECG-gated SPECT for assessment of regional thickening: Experimental comparison with ECG-gated MRI
Authors: Christoph Gradel, Lawrence H. Staib, Eliot N. Heller, R.Todd Constable, Donald P. Dione, YiHwa Liu, Frans J.Th. Wackers, Albert J. Sinusas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
The Relationship between Proteinuria and Coronary Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Vlado Perkovic, Christine Verdon, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Federica Barzi, Alan Cass, Anushka Patel, Meg Jardine, Martin Gallagher, Fiona Turnbull, John Chalmers, Jonathan Craig, Rachel Huxley
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

Background Markers of kidney dysfunction such as proteinuria or albuminuria have been reported to be associated with coronary heart disease, but the consistency and strength of any such relationship has not been clearly defined. This lack of clarity has led to great uncertainty as to how proteinuria should be treated in the assessment and management of cardiovascular risk. We therefore undertook a systematic review of published cohort studies aiming to provide a reliable estimate of the strength of association between proteinuria and coronary heart disease. Methods and Findings A meta-analysis of cohort studies was conducted to obtain a summary estimate of the association between measures of proteinuria and coronary risk. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for studies reporting an age- or multivariate-adjusted estimate and standard error of the association between proteinuria and coronary heart disease. Studies were excluded if the majority of the study population had known glomerular disease or were the recipients of renal transplants. Two independent researchers extracted the estimates of association between proteinuria (total urinary protein >300 mg/d), microalbuminuria (urinary albumin 30–300 mg/d), macroalbuminuria (urinary albumin >300 mg/d), and risk of coronary disease from individual studies. These estimates were combined using a random-effects model. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine possible sources of heterogeneity in effect size. A total of 26 cohort studies were identified involving 169,949 individuals and 7,117 coronary events (27% fatal). The presence of proteinuria was associated with an approximate 50% increase in coronary risk (risk ratio 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23–1.74) after adjustment for known risk factors. For albuminuria, there was evidence of a dose–response relationship: individuals with microalbuminuria were at 50% greater risk of coronary heart disease (risk ratio 1.47, 95% CI 1.30–1.66) than those without; in those with macroalbuminuria the risk was more than doubled (risk ratio 2.17, 1.87–2.52). Sensitivity analysis indicated no important differences in prespecified subgroups. Conclusion These data confirm a strong and continuous association between proteinuria and subsequent risk of coronary heart disease, and suggest that proteinuria should be incorporated into the assessment of an individual's cardiovascular risk.
Varicose vein surgery
Authors: A. R. Holder
Journal: JAMA (1971)

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Diagnosis and nonsurgical management of osteoarthritis
Authors: J W J BIJLSMA
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

Diagnosis and nonsurgical management of osteoarthritis . 2nd ed. KD Brandt (Pp 304; US $19.95.) Caddo, OK: Professional Communications Inc 2000. ISBN1-884735-57-6.

Kenneth Brandt is an opinion leader in the field of osteoarthritis. In the pocketsize book, Diagnosis and Nonsurgical Management of Osteoarthritis, he gives an authoritative view on the present state of the field of osteoarthritis, focusing on practical aspects.

He has a message for the reader: osteoarthritis is sadly often viewed incorrectly as a condition that, once it becomes symptomatic, follows an inexorably downhill course, much like Alzheimer's disease. This is reflected in the use of the inaccurate, depressing term “degenerative joint disease”, causing a sense of inevitability and futility. If physicians continue to convey this view to patients, they are wrong. Most patients with osteoarthritis …
Fatherhood as a Precipitant of Mental Illness
Authors: WILLIAM H. WAINWRIGHT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1966)

Psychopathological reactions to fatherhood probably occur with more frequency than is commonly recognized. Since the illness is usually attributed by the patient to other stresses, the importance of the recent birth of a child may be overlooked initially; a careful inquiry is necessary to establish the relationship. Ten case histories are cited to illustrate various dynamic factors operating to produce a pathological reaction to fatherhood.
Inherited hematological disorders due to defects in coat protein (COP)II complex
Authors: Roberta Russo, Maria Rosaria Esposito, Achille Iolascon
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Many diseases attributed to trafficking defects are primary disorders of protein folding and assembly. However, an increasing number of disease states are directly attributable to defects in trafficking machinery. In this context, the cytoplasmic coat protein (COP)II complex plays a pivotal role: it mediates the anterograde transport of correctly folded secretory cargo from the endoplasmic reticulum towards the Golgi apparatus. This review attempts to describe the involvement of COPII complex alteration in the pathogenesis of human genetic disorders; particularly, we will focus on two disorders, the Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia type II and the Combined Deficiency of Factor V and VIII.
Clinical Impact of Somatostatin Receptor Scintigraphy in the Management of Tumor-induced Osteomalacia
Authors: Michèle Duet, Samar Kerkeni, Raja Sfar, Cécile Bazille, Frédéric Lioté, Philippe Orcel
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare condition due to phosphate wasting secondary to the release of a phosphatonin, fibroblast growth factor-23. Attempts to identify the tumor by physical examination and/or conventional imaging are sometimes unrewarding. In such cases, somatostatin receptor scintigraphy with octreotide has been successfully proposed.Two case reports and a review of the literature allow to demonstrate the diagnostic usefulness of octreotide and the therapeutic value of somatostatin.Octreotide studies were positive in 79% of 24 reported TIO, including our 2 cases. In one of our patients with incomplete removal of the tumor, octreotide therapy was unable to improve hypophosphatemia, despite a decrease in fibroblast growth factor-23 levels by 30%. Similar results were achieved in most of the reported cases. Surgical procedures were effective in these cases and resulted in complete clinical and biochemical recovery.We highlight the impact of somatostatin receptor evaluation in the management of TIO.
Isovolumetric relaxation flow in patients with ischemic heart disease
Authors: Yasuhiro Tanaka, Kazuhiko Nakamura, Nobuchika Kuroiwa, Motoharu Odachi, Kousuke Mawatari, Madoka Onimaru, Jun-Ichi Sanada, Terukatsu Arima
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
Effects of Epsilon Aminocaproic Acid on Coagulation and Fibrinolytic Mechanisms
Authors: Jessica H. Lewis, Alfred P. Doyle
Journal: JAMA (1964)

THE ROLE of the liver in the production of the various coagulation factors has not been fully elucidated. That factors II (prothrombin), VII, IX (plasma thromboplastin component), and X (Stuart factor) are synthesized in the liver seems quite clear. These four factors are vitamin-K dependent, are commonly deficient in severe liver disease, and are rapidly decreased following experimental liver damage or hepatectomy. In vitro synthesis of factors II and VII by rat liver slices was demonstrated by Pool and Robinson.<sup>1</sup>Barnhart and Anderson<sup>2</sup>have localized factor II in the liver parenchymal cells by fluorescent antibody technique. Although patients with severe liver disease rarely show hypofibrinogenemia, much evidence suggests that the liver must be one, if not the only, site of factor I (fibrinogen) synthesis. Fibrinogen disappears rapidly after hepatectomy,<sup>3</sup>it has been localized in the microsomal and soluble fractions of the liver parenchymal cells,<sup>4</sup>and its in vitro synthesis
Informed consent for genetic research
Authors: K. T. Kelsey
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —While I salute the fine intentions of Dr Clayton et al and the consensus panel 1 in their suggestion that specific informed consent be required for all genetic research, in their zeal to protect the individual they could greatly hamper epidemiologic study of gene-environment interaction. This type of research has as its goal the investigation of the genetic modification of diseases induced by exposure to environmental or occupational toxins.  This field follows the tradition of other epidemiologic inquiry. For example, the use of banked serum samples in the study of cardiovascular disease, infectious disease, and nutritional disease has a long and distinguished history in public health and medicine. Biological markers have been used from these sources for decades. Many of the most influential studies in these areas came about only after stored samples provided the material to test hypotheses that could not have been thought of at
THE RECOGNITION OF THE CHOLERA VIBRIO
Authors: C. V. Craster
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1914)

Cholera-like non-agglutinating vibrios are invariably found in the intestinal contents of healthy persons, and frequently in the water of wells and rivers, during epidemics of cholera. Although many of these saprophytic vibrios are indistinguishable in morphology and cultural properties from the cholera vibrio, the negative reaction with an anticholera serum has readily differentiated them from the Asiatic vibrio. The biological polymorphism of the cholera vibrio has been suggested by the development of agglutination, by special methods of culture, in cholera-like vibrios. Confirmatory Pfeiffer reactions have not been obtained, as a rule, in these instances, probably because of the low virulence of the vibrio culture, although positive bacteriolysis in vitro (Bordet's test) was observed in some, and in others positive complement fixation and cross agglutination indicated the cholera nature of the vibrios in question. Although it cannot as yet be definitely proven, we are justified in suspecting that cholera-like vibrios which eventually develop agglutination properties are of a true cholera nature. It is probable that the production of agglutination antibodies in the serum brings about the development by the bacterial cell of defensive anti-agglutinins, resulting in the disappearance of agglutinating power. In the case of the water vibrios, changed physical conditions could bring about a similar alteration in biological properties. It may be said that the absence of agglutination in a vibrio isolated from a suspected source does not define conclusively its noncholera nature. In all probability among a number of cholera-like vibrios isolated from suspected sources a certain percentage will eventually be found to develop agglutination either during laboratory cultivation or by means of animal passage, and until subjected to a procedure that will induce the return of agglutination no vibrio can be regarded with assurance as of a truly saprophytic variety.
Utility of Untimed Urinary Albumin Measurements in Assessing Albuminuria in Black NIDDM Subjects
Authors: Rochelle L Chaiken, Raheela Khawaja, Mara Bard, Margaret Eckert-Norton, Mary Ann Banerji, Harold E Lebovitz
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To determine the usefulness of an untimed morning urine specimen in screening a black NIDDM population attending an urban diabetes clinic for microalbuminuria. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Untimed morning specimens were provided by 218 black NIDDM subjects. Of the 218 subjects, 123 also provided 24-h urine specimens. The 24-h specimens were assayed for albumin excretion rate (AER) in milligrams per 24 h, and the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (A-to-C) in micrograms per milligram was determined on the untimed morning urine specimen. RESULTS Correlation between the A-to-C ratio and the 24-h AER was 0.96 (P = 0.0001). In the range of clinical proteinuria, r was 0.92 (P = 0.003, n = 7). In the range of microalbuminuria, r was 0.55 (P = 0.005, n = 26), and in the normal range, r was 0.59 (P ≤ 0.0001, n = 90). Analysis of the untimed urine specimens from 218 black NIDDM subjects showed that 171 had A-to-C &amp;lt; 30 μg/mg, 38 had A-to-C 30–300 μg/mg, and 9 had A-to-C &amp;gt; 300 μg/mg. Data were grouped according to duration of NIDDM and the presence or absence of hypertension. None of the newly diagnosed NIDDM patients (&amp;lt; 1 year) (n = 40) had microalbuminuria. The frequency of microalbuminuria and clinical proteinuria increased with 1) duration of NIDDM 5–10 years (odds ratio [OR], 3.39; 95% CI 1.17–9.82),2) duration of NIDDM &amp;gt; 10 years (OR, 11.03; 95% CI 4.16–29.25), and 3) presence of hypertension (OR, 2.59; 95% CI I.20–5.61). CONCLUSIONS The A-to-C ratio obtained from an untimed morning urine specimen correlates with the AER from a 24-h collection. In black subjects with newly diagnosed NIDDM, microalbuminuria is not present to a significant degree. Duration of NIDDM &amp;gt; 5 years is associated with increased prevalence of microalbuminuria, and hypertension is associated with microalbuminuria and clinical proteinuria in this population.
Visnagin protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy through modulation of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase
Authors: Yan Liu, Aarti Asnani, Lin Zou, Victoria L. Bentley, Min Yu, You Wang, Graham Dellaire, Kumar S. Sarkar, Matthew Dai, Howard H. Chen, David E. Sosnovik, Jordan T. Shin, Daniel A. Haber, Jason N. Berman, Wei Chao, Randall T. Peterson
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

A drug that targets the mitochondrial enzyme malate dehydrogenase protects against cardiotoxicity from the anticancer drug doxorubicin.