tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A neuropsychological approach to motor control and imagery
Authors: Barbara Tomasino, Corrado Corradi-Dell'Acqua, Alessia Tessari, Caterina Spiezio, Raffaella Ida Rumiati
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

In his article Grush proposes a potentially useful framework for explaining motor control, imagery, and perception. In our commentary we will address two issues that the model does not seem to deal with appropriately: one concerns motor control, and the other, the visual and motor imagery domains. We will consider these two aspects in turn.
Influence of Geographic Location in Modeling Blood Pesticide Levels in a Community Surrounding a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Superfund Site
Authors: Shannon H. Gaffney, Frank C. Curriero, Paul T. Strickland, Gregory E. Glass, Kathy J. Helzlsouer, Patrick N. Breysse
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

In this study we evaluated residential location as a potential determinant for exposure to organochlorine compounds. We investigated the geographic distribution characteristics of organochlorine levels in approximately 1,374 blood samples collected in 1974 from residents of a community with a potential organochlorine source. Street addresses of Washington County, Maryland, residents were obtained and geocoded in a geographic information system. We used multivariate linear regression models to characterize the blood organochlorine levels of these residents that had been analyzed as part of previous studies using both environmental- and individual-level covariates. This was done to evaluate if the geographic distribution of blood levels in participants was related to the environmental source in the community. Model inference was based on generalized least squares to account for residual spatial variation. A significant inverse relationship was found between blood dieldrin levels and residential distance from the potential source. For every mile of distance from the source, blood dieldrin levels decreased 1.6 ng/g in study participants (p-value = 0.042), adjusting for age, sex, education level, smoking status, and drinking water source. 1,1-Dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) levels in the blood did not change significantly based on residential distance from the source, taking the same covariates into account. However, these results are limited by the inability to account for several potential confounders. This study demonstrates that spatially distributed covariates may play an important role in individual exposure patterns. Spatial information may enable researchers to detect a potential exposure pattern that may not be revealed with only nonspatial variables.
Transport of toxic metals by molecular mimicry.
Authors: Nazzareno Ballatori
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Intracellular concentrations of essential metals are normally maintained within a narrow range, whereas the nonessential metals generally lack homeostatic controls. Some of the factors that contribute to metal homeostasis have recently been identified at the molecular level and include proteins that mediate import of essential metals from the extracellular environment, those that regulate delivery to specific intracellular proteins or compartments, and those that mediate metal export from the cell. Some of these proteins appear highly selective for a given essential metal; however, others are less specific and interact with multiple metals, including toxic metals. For example, DCT1 (divalent cation transporter-1; also known as NRAMP2 or DMT1) is considered to be a major cellular uptake mechanism for Fe(2+) and other essential divalent metals, but this protein also mediates uptake of Cd(2+), Pb(2+), and possibly of other toxic divalent metals. The ability of nonessential metals to interact with binding sites for essential metals is critical for their ability to gain access to specific cellular compartments and for their ability to disrupt normal biochemical or physiological functions. Another major mechanism by which metals traverse cell membranes and produce cell injury is by forming complexes whose overall structures mimic those of endogenous molecules. For example, it has long been known that arsenate and vanadate can compete with phosphate for transport and metabolism, thereby disrupting normal cellular functions. Similarly, cromate and molybdate can mimic sulfate in biological systems. Studies in our laboratory have focused on the transport and toxicity of methylmercury (MeHg) and inorganic mercury. Mercury has a high affinity for reduced sulfhydryl groups, including those of cysteine and glutathione (GSH). MeHg-l-cysteine is structurally similar to the amino acid methionine, and this complex is a substrate for transport systems that carry methionine across cell membranes. Once MeHg has entered the cell, some of it binds to GSH, and the resulting MeHg-glutathione complex appears to be a substrate for proteins that mediate cellular export of glutathione S-conjugates, including the apically located MRP2 (multidrug resistance-associated protein 2) transporter, a member of the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette protein superfamily. Because other toxic metals also form complexes with endogenous molecules, comparable mechanisms may be involved in their membrane transport and disposition.
Current Dermatologic Therapy
Authors: Neil A. Fenske
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Due to the plethora of medical information, physicians welcome textbooks that will expedite, yet enhance, the care of their patients. Fortunately, several comprehensive dermatologic textbooks are available, most of which can be found in the personal libraries of practicing dermatologists. Although of considerable value as reference sources, these texts generally are too cumbersome and detailed to serve as practical sources of concise, up-to-date information. Consequently, several abbreviated textbooks of varying emphasis have evolved. Some of these have been widely adopted by medical students and residents as bedside sources of information, while others have gained notoriety as valuable sources of pearls for teaching rounds and similar academic exercises. Although dermatologists are well served by the former and trainees by the latter, nondermatologists providing dermatologic care often complain about the difficulty they have in obtaining specific information regarding therapeutic options, medicinal dosage recommendations, and treatment precautions. Since Dr Maddin and his cohorts
Elevated Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) is Positively Associated with the Risk of Subsequent Cold Symptoms
Authors: L SALAZAR, M EVANS, E ANDERSON, D DASILVA, R GRABHER, K HANSON, W KIM, T PAPPAS, K ROBERG, C TISLER
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Unusual Urethral F18-FDG Accumulation on PET/CT
Authors: Kevser Kavak, Mehmet Aydin
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Normal physiological variants of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) distribution and benign findings on whole-body FDG PET scans are well described in the medical literature. In this report, an 82-year-old man presented with laryngeal cancer and an unusual variant of urinary FDG activity in the prostatic urethra. Beside the FDG uptake in the laryngeal mass and neck lymph nodes, PET/CT images demonstrate FDG accumulation in the prostatic urethra because of the dilatation of this part of the urethra, possibly because of previous open prostatectomy.
Expression of the Atrial Natriuretic Factor Gene in small Cell Lung Cancer Tumors and Tumor Cell Lines
Authors: D. P. Bliss, J. F. Battey, R. I. Linnoila, M. J. Birrer, A. F. Gazdar, B. E. Johnson
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Hyponatremia in patients with small cell lung cancer can be caused by tumor production of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and result in the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. In evaluating the expression of AVP mRNA from tumor and tumor cell line specimens from five patients with small cell lung cancer and hyponatremia (presumed to have the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone), we found that the tumors and tumor cell lines from two of these five patients expressed AVP mRNA. The RNA samples from the three patients with undetectable AVP mRNA expressed abundant atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) mRNA. Analysis of specimens from three patients with small cell lung cancer and normal serum sodium levels revealed no detectable AVP mRNA expression, and samples from only one of these three patients' specimens expressed detectable ANF mRNA. The AVP and ANF peptide levels in lysate preparations of the tumor cell lines from four of these patients were tested by radioimmunoassay and confirmed the gene expression data. These studies demonstrate ectopic production of ANF mRNA in small cell lung cancer specimens from patients with this cancer and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. These findings will be of particular interest if future studies demonstrate that ectopic ANF production can cause sodium abnormalities in patients with small cell lung cancer.
No evidence for β cell neogenesis in murine adult pancreas
Authors: Xiangwei Xiao, Zean Chen, Chiyo Shiota, Krishna Prasadan, Ping Guo, Yousef El-Gohary, Jose Paredes, Carey Welsh, John Wiersch, George K. Gittes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Whether facultative β cell progenitors exist in the adult pancreas is a major unsolved question. To date, lineage-tracing studies have provided conflicting results. To track β cell neogenesis in vivo, we generated transgenic mice that transiently coexpress mTomato and GFP in a time-sensitive, nonconditional Cre-mediated manner, so that insulin-producing cells express GFP under control of the insulin promoter, while all other cells express mTomato (INSCremTmG mice). Newly differentiated β cells were detected by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy, taking advantage of their transient coexpression of GFP and mTomato fluorescent proteins. We found that β cell neogenesis predominantly occurs during embryogenesis, decreases dramatically shortly after birth, and is completely absent in adults across various models of β cell loss, β cell growth and regeneration, and inflammation. Moreover, we demonstrated upregulation of neurogenin 3 (NGN3) in both proliferating ducts and preexisting β cells in the ligated pancreatic tail after pancreatic ductal ligation. These results are consistent with some recent reports, but argue against the widely held belief that NGN3 marks cells undergoing endocrine neogenesis in the pancreas. Our data suggest that β cell neogenesis in the adult pancreas occurs rarely, if ever, under either normal or pathological conditions.
mTOR is Frequently Active in GH-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas without Influencing their Morphopathological Features
Authors: Emir Ahmed Sajjad, Grzegorz Zieliński, Maria Maksymowicz, Łukasz Hutnik, Tomasz Bednarczuk, Paweł Włodarski
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2013)
The biology of the interest in money
Authors: Joseph Agassi
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Why are people interested in money? This question is too broad: there are many kinds of money, interest, and people. The biological approach of Lea &amp; Webley (L&amp;W) makes them seek the roots of this interest, and they contend that tool making and addiction qualify as the roots. Curiosity and the quest for power, however, qualify too. As L&amp;W rightly admit, other approaches supplement their biological one.
Abstract LB-443: The Simple Western rapidly generates quantitative profiles of MAPK and PI3K proteins in clinical specimens
Authors: Alice C. Fan, Prajna Banerjee, Dean W. Felsher
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract In this era of targeted therapeutics, there is a need for highly sensitive and quantitative methods to measure proteins in clinical specimens to define and predict of specific therapies for patients. However, the current gold standard in proteomic analysis, Western Immuno Blotting, has many manual steps, is insensitive and provides only semi-quantitative data. Here, we present the first report of a novel automated platform, the Simple Western(TM), a novel automated nanovolume size-based protein separation platform used to quantify proteomic profiles of clinical specimens. Since the Simple Western automates all steps of proteomic analysis including sample loading, size-based protein separation, immunoprobing, washing, detection and data analysis, we are able to make up to 96 measurements in a single experiment, in a highly quantitative manner, minimizing errors due to manual variability. We were able to perform direct proteomic comparison of oral cavity tumors paired with adjacent normal tissues, acquired from the Stanford University Tissue Bank that had been preserved at -80C in Optimum Cutting Temperature Compound (OCT). Tissues were homogenized and lysed in a commercially available Bicine/CHAPS lysis buffer, denatured and loaded in duplicate in a 384-well plate at a final concentration of 1-2 mg/ml in each well. 40 nanoliters of lysate was used for each protein measurement. We measured 10 proteins (including AKT and ERK) from the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, normalized to loading controls (β-actin) from 4 distinct clinical specimens and 2 additional cell line controls. It took 1 hour to prepare a run and 14 hours of unattended automated machine time to generate the analyzed data. Therefore this technology enables us to report highly quantified protein profiles to the clinical team in less than 24 hours of receiving a clinical sample. Moreover, the highly quantitative nature of the measurements allowed us to determine that AKT2 levels were 80% lower in the tumor tissue as compared to their adjacent normal samples. Furthermore, we have been able to show that levels of both ERK1 and ERK2 were independently lower by 71% and 70%, respectively, in the tumor samples as compared to their corresponding adjacent normal tissues. The ability to make rapid and quantitative measurements will be useful to measure and predict responses to targeted therapeutics. The Simple Western is an extremely efficient, quantitative and high-throughput platform that can be used to rapidly generate proteomic profiles for clinical specimens for the development of novel diagnostic and predictive biomarkers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-443. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-443
Abstract P5-05-07: Promestriene effects on estrogen-sensitive breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro
Authors: AJO Almodovar, SA Litherland, S Courtneidge, DA Decker
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction: Promestriene (3-propyl ethyl, 17B-methyl estradiol) is a synthetic estrogen analogue with potential as a topical treatment for vaginal atrophy caused by estrogen deprivation. Topical Promestriene is minimally absorbed with chronic use and has been reported to significantly improve the symptoms of vaginal atrophy. However, to be considered for use for these symptoms in estrogen responsive post-menopausal breast cancer survivors on an aromatase inhibitor, Promestriene would need to show none of the cyto-proliferative properties of estrogen. Methods: We conducted in vitro testing of estrogen responsive breast cancer cell line MCF-7, T-47D, and BT-474 for dose-dependent, estrogen-like functional responses to Promestriene in both estrogen-rich and estrogen-deprived conditions. As assay controls, cultures treated with Fulvestrant, Testosterone, Progesterone and Estradiol were analyzed in parallel. Analysis: Dose dependent Estrogen-like responses in the cell lines were measured as 1) proliferation using flow cytometric analysis of CSFE fluorescence, 2) estrogen receptor expression by flow cytometry, and 3) GREB 1 RNA expression using TaqMan real time PCR quantitative analysis. All cultures were grown to quiescence in RPMI medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. To induce estrogen deprivation, half of the cultures were then held 3 days in media pre-treated and containing anti-estrogen specific antibodies to sequester any residual estrogen from the culture. Data for each culture treatment were analyzed using linear regression analysis and compared using multifactorial or pairwise analyses to determine the significance of estrogen-like responses relative to the estradiol and untreated controls. Results: In estrogen sufficient cultures, Promestriene exhibited no cell proliferative properties on MCF-7, BT-474, or T47-D tumor cells, even at very high concentrations. However, when estrogen in the media was sequestered and culture allowed to quiesce without estrogen receptor stimulation, low dose Promestriene effects on cell proliferation in MCF-7 estrogen responsive cells were not significantly different from low dose estradiol. Low dose Promestriene (2-10pg/ml), unlike comparable doses of estradiol, did not stimulate GREB1 expression in MCF-7 cells. In contrast, T-47D and BT-474 cell lines proliferated and increased GREB- expression in response Promestriene or Fulvestrant treatments. Conclusions: The potential estrogen-like properties of Promestriene to stimulate the growth of estrogen receptor responsive breast cancer cell lines, especially in estrogen-deprived conditions, suggest caution when prescribed for vaginal atrophy in post-menopausal breast cancer survivors on an aromatase inhibitor. Its ability to activate growth and gene expression in ER- breast cancer cells warrants further study. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-05-07.
Isolation and characterization of a colonic autoantigen specifically recognized by colon tissue-bound immunoglobulin G from idiopathic ulcerative colitis.
Authors: F Takahashi, K M Das
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Patients with idiopathic ulcerative colitis (UC) have a colonbound antibody (CCA-IgG) that reacts with colon tissue extracts. We have partially characterized a colonic protein that is specifically recognized by CCA-IgG. CCA-IgG was eluted from operative colon specimens from 10 patients with UC. A colon tissue-bound IgG was similarly eluted from six patients with Crohn's colitis, two with ischemic colitis, and one with diverticulitis. Purified serum IgG from patients with Crohn's disease, from normal subjects and a patient with myeloma were also used as additional controls. For detection of antigen(s), tissue extracts were prepared from 26 specimens of colon (UC, 12; Crohn's disease, 6; normal, 4; other controls, 4), 8 specimens of human normal stomach, duodenum, ileum, and liver (2 each). Tissue extracts were also prepared from rats and mice, including germ-free rat colons and rat's fetal colons. Immunorecognition of CCA-IgG to the tissue extracts was examined by affinity-column chromatography and by transblot analysis. Tissue-extracted proteins were electrophoresed in SDS-polyacrylamide gel, transferred to nitrocellulose sheet, and probed with iodinated CCA-IgG, colonic IgG from other inflammatory bowel disease patients, UC serum IgG, and control serum IgG. Although many proteins were present in colon tissue extracts, 9 of 10 CCA-IgG consistently recognized a protein of 40 kD. None of the nine IgG preparations from colon specimens of patients with Crohn's colitis and other colonic inflammatory diseases reacted with the 40-kD protein. Five of six symptomatic UC serum IgG and none of eight control serum IgG reacted with the 40-kD protein. The 40-kD protein was present in all colon specimens and it appeared to be organ specific. It was absent in mouse and rat tissues, including colon. The 40-kD protein is not actin and nor a part of the Ig molecule. These results suggest that the 40-kD protein is a colonic "autoantigen" that may initiate a specific IgG antibody response in UC.
Type 1 Diabetes Screening
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2013)

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Generalizing the Results of Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: Ralph M. Meyer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

recurrent platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC): Preliminary results of a randomized, multicenter phase II study. J Clin Oncol 25:276s, 2007 (suppl 18S; abstr 5508) 18. Tarhini AA, Christensen S, Frankel P, et al: Phase II study of aflibercept (VEGF trap) in recurrent inoperable stage III or stage IV melanoma of cutaneous or ocular origin. J Clin Oncol 27:468s, 2009 (suppl 15S; abstr 9028) 19. Hanna NH, von Pawel J, Reck M, et al: Carboplatin/paclitaxel with/without sorafenib in chemonaive patients with stage IIIB-IV non-small-cell lung cancer: Interim analysis results from a randomized phase III trial (ESCAPE). J Thorac Oncol 3:S268, 2008 (suppl) 20. Kim ES, Serur A, Huang J, et al: Potent VEGF blockade causes regression of coopted vessels in a model of neuroblastoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:11399-11404, 2002 21. Dowlati A, Gray R, Sandler AB, et al: Cell adhesion molecules, vascular endothelial growth factor, and basic fibroblast growth factor in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab: An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study. Clin Cancer Res 14:14071412, 2008