tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Implementing clinical governance: turning vision into reality
Authors: A. Halligan
Journal: BMJ (2001)

T2-weighted MRI shows attenuated signals from the basal ganglia, such signal attenuation being more evident at high magnetic field strengths of 1.5 tesla (T). The basal ganglia contain high levels of iron, and it has been suggested that these iron deposits lead to shortening of bulk water T2 protons via a mechanism involving diffusion of water through local magnetic field gradients generated by the iron. This mechanism generates a relaxation contribution that is proportional to the square of the applied static field B0, and if it is significant the relaxation rate 1/T2 should be strongly dependent on Bo. T2-weighted MRI would then provide a potential means of imaging regional cerebral iron levels at field strengths that are high enough for this mechanism to be important. The bulk water proton spin-spin relaxation times (T2) of samples from caudate nucleus, frontal cortex, and white matter, taken from fresh cerebral necropsy material of four subjects dying of non-neurological conditions, and one subject with Parkinson9s disease have been measured. T2 values were compared with regional cerebral iron content. At high field strengths (2.35 T and 8.5 T) no significant variation in regional cerebral water proton T2 values was found; caudate, cortex and white matter had similar water proton spin-spin relaxation times in spite of the variation in their iron content. Increasing the field strength from 2.35 T to 8.5 T resulted in a generalised 50% decrease in mean regional cerebral T2 values, as opposed to the 13-fold decrease expected if T2 relaxation was dominated by a mechanism that is dependent on B02. It was thus not possible to provide evidence that iron deposition per se is responsible for the attenuated signal obtained from the basal ganglia in T2-weighted MRI.
A YOUTHFUL DECEIVER.
Authors: JOHN J. KYLE
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The matron of one of our benevolent institutions, situated in the northern part of the state called my attention recently to what she regarded as a remarkable case. A child of 10, some two years ago, contracted purulent ophthalmia, which destroyed the sight of the left eye, compelling enucleation. An artificial eye was fitted, which has been worn with comfort. Since July last, the matron tells me, there has been forming under the upper and lower lids of the right eye, three or four times a day, large lumps of a mucopurulent character, which would be discharged spontaneously, or on lifting the lids. Sometimes two lumps would be discharged at the same time. They could be seen moving and thus excited further interest in the case. Since July 1, the child has been under constant observation, making daily trips to the oculist. When I separated the lids, a large lumpy
Hepatic oval cells express the hematopoietic stem cell marker thy-1 in the rat
Authors: Bryon E. Petersen, Julie P. Goff, Joel S. Greenberger, George K. Michalopoulos
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Hepatic oval cells (HOC) are a small subpopulation of cells found in the liver when hepatocyte proliferation is inhibited and followed by some type of hepatic injury. HOC can be induced to proliferate using a 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF)/hepatic injury (i.e., CCl 4 , partial hepatectomy [PHx]) protocol. These cells are believed to be bipotential, i.e., able to differentiate into hepatocytes or bile ductular cells. In the past, isolation of highly enriched populations of these cells has been difficult. Thy-1 is a cell surface marker used in conjunction with CD34 and lineage-specific markers to identify hematopoietic stem cells. Thy-1 antigen is not normally expressed in adult liver, but is expressed in fetal liver, presumably on the hematopoietic cells. We report herein that HOC express high levels of Thy-1. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the cells expressing Thy-1 were indeed oval cells, because they also expressed α-fetoprotein (AFP), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), cytokeratin 19 (CK-19), OC.2, and OV-6, all known markers for oval cell identification. In addition, the Thy-1 + cells were negative for desmin, a marker specific for Ito cells. Using Thy-1 antibody as a new marker for the identification of oval cells, a highly enriched population was obtained. Using flow cytometric methods, we isolated a 95% to 97% pure Thy-1 + oval cell population. Our results indicate that cell sorting using Thy-1 could be an attractive tool for future studies, which would facilitate both in vivo and in vitro studies of HOC.
Rich and poor to clash over sugar in WHO's healthy diet plan
Authors: Fiona Fleck
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Poor nations whose income is based on producing basic commodities are set to clash with their wealthy, industrialised counterparts when the World Health Organization's 192 member states gather in May to adopt a global plan to combat obesity that proposes limits on daily sugar intake.

The final text of WHO's global strategy on diet, physical activity, and health was completed last week and will be published in April, a month before WHO member states consider it at the World Health Assembly from 17 to 24 May …
Totally implantable vascular access for long term chemotherapy.
Authors: T I Davidson, K C Soo
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Cyanosis attributable to right to left shunt in the carcinoid syndrome SIR,-Dr G W Stewart and colleagues (1 March, p 589) described an interesting case of pronounced arterial hypoxaemia in a patient with the carcinoid syndrome.In the absence ofpulmonary metastases they attributed the hypoxaemia to intrapulmonary shunting through microscopic arteriovenous fistulas.The data presented, however, do not exclude an alternative explanation-right to left shunting through a patent foramen ovale.Although right to left shunting through the foramen ovale is well recognised in patients with pulmonary hypertension,'"3 it may also occur in the presence of normal pulmonary artery and right heart pressures, apparently as a result of reduced right atrial compliance.4Thus though mean left atrial pressure may exceed mean right atrial pressure, during atrial filling right atrial pressure rises disproportionately, causing phasic shunting across the interatrial septum.Right atrial compliance
Self-induced Glomerulonephritis
Authors: J. M. Boulton-Jones, J. G. P. Sissons, P. F. Naish, D. J. Evans, D. K. Peters
Journal: BMJ (1974)

A patient is described who developed renal failure due to a severe proliferative glomerulonephritis with hypocomplementaemia and cryoglobulinaemia while repeatedly injecting herself with diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus vaccine (D.P.T. vaccine). After stopping the antigen administration there was recovery of renal function, complement values returned to normal, and cryoglobulin could no longer be recovered from the sera. The pathogenesis of the glomerulonephritis is discussed.
AN ENDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF ENTERIC VIRUS INFECTIONS
Authors: Edward I. Honig, Joseph L. Melnick, Peter Isacson, Robert Parr, Ira L. Myers, Mary Walton
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1956)

An endemiological study of enteric viruses was conducted among 136 normal children, living in households in two socio-economic groups, over a 29 month period in Charleston, West Virginia. A repeatable seasonal incidence of enteric virus excretion was noted with over 90 per cent of isolations occurring in the months of June to October. Of 592 stools examined in District I, a lower socio-economic group, 8.3 per cent yielded virus as compared to 3.1 per cent of 966 stools examined in District IV, an upper middle class district with good environmental sanitation. Among the 77 viruses isolated in tissue cultures of monkey kidneys, 44 per cent were ECHO or orphan viruses, 37 per cent Coxsackie viruses, and 19 per cent poliomyelitis viruses. Among poliovirus carriers, and 15 family contacts, 10 individuals had simultaneous heterotypic and type-specific antibody responses. The heterotypic ones were usually present at low levels and were transient in nature. Family infection with certain orphan viruses was also evident from antibody development which occurred following isolation of virus in the sentinel child.
Markers of HTLV-III in patients with end stage renal failure.
Authors: R S Rodger, J S Tapson, A A Codd
Journal: BMJ (1986)

normal latency pattern reversal response has been confirmed in an independent study by Danesi et al,S and we are surprised that Dr Wright and Mr Richardson did not quote this finding.Obviously it is always easy to obtain a response to flash stimulation in patients, but it is more difficult to obtain pattern reversal responses.However, in almost all the cases we have studied we have been able to obtain such a response as it is certainly the case that using a checkerboard stimulus which subtends a visual angle of 280 (with each check subtending a visual angle of 56') we rarely find that patients are incapable of cooperating to the extent that pattern visual evoked potentials are not obtainable.The few patients who have been unable to cooperate are itemised in our various publications.Dr Wright and Mr Richardson are correct in their theoretical assumption that a delayed flash with a normal pattern reversal response could be seen in any condition which affects the visual association areas with relative sparing of the primary visual cortex.We have recently discussed and produced a theoretical model.
We need evidence based tools to identify medically at risk drivers
Authors: E. Desapriya, Y. Ranatunga, I. Pike
Journal: BMJ (2012)

In his personal view, O’Neill argued that medical screening of older drivers is misguided and typifies a worrying lack of due diligence.1 A recent Cochrane systematic review has shown that existing screening tools to identify high risk drivers fail to preserve transport mobility or reduce motor vehicle crashes.2 There is now sufficient evidence to conclude that age based screening for fitness …
Dr. Shepard and the Turkish Bath
Authors: T. D. Crothers
Journal: JAMA (1910)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The death of Dr. Charles H. Shepard, of Brooklyn, Oct. 29, 1910, deserves more than a passing notice, from the fact that he was literally the founder and promoter of the Turkish bath movement in this country. He was born in Ogdensburg, N. Y., Sept. 25, 1825, and received a medical degree from the New York Medical College in 1848. In 1861 he opened, on a broad scientific basis, the first Turkish bath in America, at Columbia Heights, Brooklyn, and of this he continued in active charge up to, the time of his death. He was a member of the American Medical Association and was secretary in 1893 and 1894 and chairman in 1895 of the Section now designated the Section on Preventive Medicine and Public Health. For many years he contributed articles to this Section, and was one of the earliest writers in this country on
In-Hospital Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: John J. Gregory
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor. —  We read with interest the report by Taffet and collegues 1 concerning their experience with in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation at the Houston (Tex) Veterans Administration Medical Center. Review of the literature and our own experience lead us to believe, as the authors suggest, that their results are not representative of those in many acute-care hospitals. They reported a 6.7% survival for all patients (preponderantly male) and a 0% survival to hospital discharge in patients 70 years of age or older.  A 2-year experience (January 1, 1986, to December 31, 1987) with in-hospital resuscitation in our 590-bed community hospital is more favorable, as shown in Table 2.  Our overall survival rate was 15.5%: 24.5% for patients younger than age 70 years and 12.7% for patients aged 70 years and older. Of the groups represented in Table 2, survival rate was lowest for men aged 70 years and older, but
Recent advances in non-invasive cardiology
Authors: G Morgan-Hughes, C A Roobottom, N Manghat, A J Marshall
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Family history of breast cancer Referral guidelines changed after acceptance of 10 minute consultationEditor-In their 10 minute consultation on family history of breast cancer Lucassen and Watson drew attention to the recently published guidelines from the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) on familial breast cancer. 1 2 It is unfortunate that the referral criteria were changed between the acceptance of this article in December 2003 and the final published guidelines in June 2004, which would result in the referral of the patient highlighted in the article for potential mammography screening, rather than for her reassurance.Women aged 40-49 years at moderate risk of breast cancer are entitled to annual mammograms. 2 The definition of moderate risk was based on a risk of at least 3% over the 10 year period from the age of 40 to 50.Available evidence, particularly from combined analyses of case-control studies of familial risks, 3 indicates that a woman reaches this category with a first degree relative (mother or sister) with breast cancer when younger than 40 years or two relatives on the same side of the family (one first degree and one second degree or two first degree) diagnosed at any age.The latter category differs from the draft NICE guidelines and previous referral criteria, which required that the two relatives be diagnosed at an average age of less than 60. 4 This age restriction was removed because it could not be justified on the basis of the available data.It should be noted, however, that referral on the basis of two elderly close relatives is likely to be restricted to the age groups of 30-49, with referral of only high risk groups (for example, two affected relatives diagnosed at an average age of less than 50 years) outside this age group.
Abstract 2996: Sunitinib withdrawal uncovers complementary stromal- and tumor-mediated mechanisms of resistance and rebound growth in metastatic mouse models
Authors: Michalis Mastri, Amanda Tracz, Christina R. Lee, Derya Deveci, John M. L. Ebos
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Despite the clinical approval of VEGF pathway targeted agents in the treatment of late-stage metastatic disease, sustained benefits are not seen in the majority of patients, and eventual relapse occurs. Understanding mechanisms of intrinsic and acquired drug resistance has taken on increasing importance as both host- and tumor-mediated pathways may contribute to treatment failure. However, few studies have aimed to assess resistance in clinically-relevant spontaneous metastatic disease after surgical resection of the primary tumor. Methods: Here we describe the derivation of spontaneous metastatic human kidney, breast, and melanoma cell lines following long-term in vivo sunitinib treatment. Re-exposure of selected tumor and stromal cells to drug in vitro for extended periods allowed evaluation of reversible and irreversible gene expression changes. Cells were implanted orthotopically and then surgically removed to assess primary and metastatic growth potential following treatment cessation. Results: Our results show that metastatic sunitinib-resistant cells retained treatment sensitivity when re-implanted orthotopically regardless of in vitro drug exposure conditions, suggesting a predominant host-mediated role in treatment failure. However, sunitinib treatment withdrawal elicited significant increases in tumor growth and metastatic potential, a finding which was enhanced when non-tumor bearing mice were ‘conditioned’ with drug prior to i.v. tumor cell inoculation. Parallel studies in vitro show increased proliferation and migration following therapy removal. Results from gene and protein expression analysis of cells in different sunitinib treatment conditions will be presented showing that coordinated tumor and host reactions can contribute to changes in metastatic phenotype upon therapy removal. Conclusions: Taken together, clinically relevant models of drug-resistant spontaneous metastatic disease may have the potential to distinguish tumor- and stromal-responses to treatment that can alter in vivo disease progression both on (and off) therapy. Citation Format: Michalis Mastri, Amanda Tracz, Christina R. Lee, Derya Deveci, John M. L. Ebos. Sunitinib withdrawal uncovers complementary stromal- and tumor-mediated mechanisms of resistance and rebound growth in metastatic mouse models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2996. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2996
Didanosine-induced Disorders of Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Manjula Pandit
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 November 1993Didanosine-induced Disorders of Glucose ToleranceManjula Pandit, MDManjula Pandit, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-10-199311150-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We thank Dr. Albrecht and colleagues for their interesting observation on the diabetogenic effect of ddI. Further studies should help elucidate the exact mechanisms of action of this agent on glucose tolerance. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Manjula Pandit, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 November 1993Volume 119, Issue 10Page: 1050KeywordsGlucose tolerance ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 November 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Discordant Uptake of Technetium-99m DISIDA and Technetium-99m Sulfur Colloid in an Amebic Abscess
Authors: JEFFREY C. ALLARD, VICTOR W. LEE, JOHN FOSTER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Hepatobiliary imaging in a patient with an amebic abscess showed an early cold defect that later showed rim enhancement. A Tc-99m SC scan did not show prominent flow (making hepatoma unlikely) and showed the previously noted defect to appear larger and without rim enhancement. The differential damage to Kupffer cells and hepatocytes or edema may account for these findings. Amebic abscess should be included in the differential diagnosis of lesions that give increased Tc-99m IDA but cold Tc-99m SC images.
The WHO wants governments to encourage people to stop smoking
Authors: J. E Asvall
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Dear Prime Minister,

All the really difficult problems in your country's development land on your desk. From morning to night your schedule overflows with burning issues that claim your attention. Setting priorities is a constant challenge. There are times, however, when a small effort on your part can make a large contribution to the quality of life of the people of your country. This is one of those times, because you alone can orchestrate the concerted action of many ministries. I am addressing you today on such a matter, to ask for your support. Help your people by reducing the awful threats to their life and health that smoking inflicts on them.

Tobacco is one of the greatest public health challenges facing the 51 member states of the WHO European region. Every year over 1.2 million deaths in the region are caused by tobacco. By 2020, unless we really change things, that number …
I. The British Background for American Medicine
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A duration of a hundred years provides a certain stability. The century mark offers a point of rest, wherein we can pause, look back on past accomplishments, evaluate them, and look forward to the future. We may make a comparison, perhaps, with climbing a mountain and coming to a clearing. Here we can stop for a moment of retrospection and feel pleased that we have overcome so many difficulties. At the same time, on looking back, we see where we might have missed the best path and, moreover, the shape of the terrain that led us astray. We can also look upward toward an ever receding summit that we know we will never reach. The historian, dealing with the past, describes the way that the past has brought us to where we are now. And for the historian, a century is like a cleared space part way up the mountain—a
A patient with rheumatoid arthritis, cryoglobulinaemia, and an "accidental" finding
Authors: K. Liapis, Y. Chung, W. Akhtar, D. Taussig
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A 60 year old woman, originally from Greece, was admitted after burning herself while trying to warm her legs on an electric heater. She had rheumatoid arthritis treated with methotrexate and adalimumab.

She had been well until four months earlier, when pain and stiffness developed in her metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints, right ankle, and both knees. Six weeks before admission, she presented with severe arthralgia, a temperature of 37.6°C, a net-like rash on her legs compatible with livedo reticularis, and purpuric lesions around the malleoli. With the warming of her legs, the rash temporarily improved. Laboratory examinations at that time showed haemoglobin 109 g/L (reference range 130-170), leucocytes 2.9×109/L (4-10×109), neutrophils 1.2×109/L (2-7×109), platelets 170×109/L (150-410×109), rheumatoid factor 183 IU/mL (<20), hypergammaglobulinaemia, antinuclear antibodies 1:640 (<1:80), complement C4 0.04 g/L (0.14-0.54), anti-double stranded DNA antibody 8.6 IU/mL (0.0-7.0), negative antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens, and a positive test for cryoglobulins. Additional tests showed that the cryoglobulins were composed of polyclonal IgM, IgG, and IgA. Serological tests for HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C viruses were negative.

On admission, fever (38.7°C) and pancytopenia (leucocytes 1.8×109/L, neutrophils 0.5×109/L, haemoglobin 90 g/L, platelets 126×109/L) were noted. She had no hepatosplenomegaly or lymphadenopathy. A blood film was unremarkable. Broad spectrum antibiotics were started empirically because of the possibility of neutropenic sepsis, but no improvement was seen. Cultures of blood, urine, and sputum; computed tomography of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis; a polymerase chain reaction assay of the peripheral blood for cytomegalovirus, and a tuberculin skin test were negative. A detailed history identified that she had travelled to Athens seven months earlier and had stayed with relatives who kept several dogs. For diagnostic evaluation of pancytopenia, she underwent bone marrow …