tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adrenergic Innervation of the Canine Kidney
Authors: OLIVIA C. MCKENNA, EVANGELOS T. ANGELAKOS
Journal: Circulation Research (1968)

The adrenergic innervation of the canine kidney was studied with the fluorescence histochemical method of Falck and Hillarp in conjunction with chemical assays for catecholamines in specific portions of the kidney. Adrenergic nerve fibers were seen traveling along the interlobar, arcuate, and interlobular arteries and along the afferent arterioles. The vasa recta of the outer medulla also received adrenergic innervation. Adrenergic nerve fibers were never seen in association with the glomerulus, the efferent arteriole, or the tubules. The distribution of the nerve fibers agreed with the distribution of norepinephrine. After administration of reserpine or denervation of the kidney, no adrenergic nerve fibers were seen, and the norepinephrine level in all portions of the kidney fell to negligible levels. Accumulation of norepinephrine in the nerve fibers was observed after kidney slices had been exposed to solutions of norepinephrine. On the basis of these experiments, it was concluded that the fibers visualized with the fluorescence histochemical method were adrenergic nerve fibers. The possible physiologic role of the adrenergic innervation of the canine kidney is discussed.
Prognostic significance of the S-phase fraction of light-chain-restricted cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (cIg) positive plasma cells in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma enrolled on eastern cooperative oncology group treatment trial E9486
Authors: M.C. Trendle, T. Leong, R.A. Kyle, J.A. Katzmann, M.M. Oken, N.E. Kay, B.G. Van Ness, P.R. Greipp
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

The bone marrow plasma cell labeling index (PCLI) as measured by bromodeoxyuridine uptake is a well-established independent prognostic factor for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, but the test is not easily done in most laboratories. The purpose of this study was to determine if the proliferative activity (% S-phase) as determined by two-color flow cytometry for cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (cIg) light chain and DNA content also had prognostic significance. As part of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group clinical trial E9486, 500 patients had successful performance of the bone marrow PCLI. Of 349 patients who had flow cIg and DNA content cytometry, 210 had adequate data to reliably calculate S-phase %. Patients with low % S-phase fraction (<2%) had a significant overall survival advantage over patients high % S-phase fraction (≥2%), median survivals 4.1 vs. 2.9 years (P = 0.032). Measurement of the S-phase % by flow cytometry gives significant prognostic information in patients with newly diagnosed myeloma. However, in multivariate analysis, S-phase % did not add prognostic information when PCLI was in the model. S-phase % added prognostic information only when all cases with flow measurement of S-phase % were included, and when PCLI was excluded from the model. Discriminating a population of only cIg positive cells proved difficult in patients with a low percentage of bone marrow plasma cells. Methodology to measure S-phase % in patients with a low percent plasma cells is needed before this technique can be used for diagnosis and prognosis in myeloma. Am. J. Hematol. 61:232–237, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
VERTICAL FRACTURE OF THE ARTICULAR SURFACE OF THE PATELLA
Authors: Samuel Kleinberg
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The common type of fracture of the patella is a simple transverse fracture due to muscular violence. Occasionally, one sees a fracture of the apex or of the superior border, which is torn away with the attached quadriceps extensor tendon. In an injury from a direct blow, one sees either simple or compound linear or comminuted fractures. Longitudinal fractures through the body of the patella have also been described, but in none of the articles on patellar fractures or in the textbooks on surgery have I come across a description or even mention of the tearing off, by trauma or otherwise, of part of the posterior articular surface of the patella. In response to an inquiry on this subject at a clinical conference of the staff of the Hospital for Ruptured and Crippled, none of the surgeons present had ever seen a similar case. I therefore concluded that the type
Familial Factor in Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Roger W. Turkington
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Fifteen cases of malignant melanoma occurring in two or more family members were found among the family histories of 250 hospital records selected for review. This familial incidence far exceeds that expected by chance alone. Each instance of melanoma was histologically verified, and current pedigrees on each family were obtained. The clinical onset of melanoma in these and other reported familial cases tended to occur at an earlier age in successive generations and at a similar age in siblings. The occurrence of melanoma in families suggests a genetic predisposition to the development of this cancer, although the mode of inheritance cannot presently be defined. Observation of relatives of patients with melanoma may lead to earlier detection of this malignancy.
Personality and Psychological Distress in Legal Abortion, Threatened Miscarriage and Normal Pregnancy
Authors: R. Rizzardo, S. Novarin, G. Forza, M. Cosentino
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1991)

A sample of 208 pregnant women (78 before the voluntary termination of pregnancy, 63 admitted to hospital because of a threatened miscarriage, 67 at the outpatient clinic for a routine antenatal visit) performed a personality test (EPI) and two tests to evaluate psychological distress (SCL-90 and GHQ). The women who were about to abort exhibited a higher level of psychological distress which was also related to an underlying personality structure with neurotic traits. The group with a threatened miscarriage exhibited an intermediate level of psychological distress but a structure of personality similar to the antenatal group.
Genetic inactivation of TRAF3 in canine and human B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Kevin R. Bushell, Yukyoung Kim, Fong Chun Chan, Susana Ben-Neriah, Andrew Jenks, Miguel Alcaide, Daniel Fornika, Bruno M. Grande, Sarah Arthur, Randy D. Gascoyne, Christian Steidl, Ryan D. Morin
Journal: Blood (2014)
Abstract P4-11-10: A Study of Intraoperative Radiotherapy with Electrons in Breast-Conserving Surgery in China: 3 Year Results
Authors: S Zhou, C Sun, D Meng, W Shi, Q Lv, J Jing, Y. Zhao
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background:The standard treatment for most localised breast cancer patients is the breast-conservating sugery followed by postoperative radiation worldwide. Preliminary studies of intraoperative radiotherapy with electrons(ELIOT) in selected patients, mainly in Europe since 1999, have shown good local control, less toxicity and satisfatory cosmetic apperance. However few studies have been conducted among non-western populations. To investigate the feasibility of ELIOT in China, we introduced ELIOT in selected early breast cancer patients. Risk of local relapse is the main outcome objective, toxicity and cosmetic results are also studied. Patients and Methods:From June 2007 to May 2010, 51 patients diagnosed with unifocal breast carcinoma up to a diameter of 3cm received a wide excision of the primary tumor followed by a radiotherapy of 21Gy delivered to the breast tissue at the surface of the tumor bed, biologically equivalent to 58 to 60 Gy in standard fractionation. The median age of the treated patients was 47 years, with 38/51(74.5%) patients younger than 50. 8 patients(15.7%) were found to have positive axillary I-nodes(six patients had one node involved, one patient had two and one had three positive nodes). Pathologic free margins ≥10 mm were obtained in all patients. Patients were evaluated semiannunally after surgery, and thereafter every 6 months for cosmetic results, complications and other events. Results: After a follow-up from 4 to 36 months(median time12 months), 3 patients developed fat deliquescence, 16 patients showed wound edema and excess fluid and no one had incision infection or hematoma. Two patients developed local relapses. One was comfirmed unrecognised multi-focal cancer in other quadrants of the breast remain dormant. The other patient was confirmed ipsilateral positive axillary III-nodes and no relapse was found in the same quadrant. Neither contralateral breast cancer nor distant metastases were observed. No replase was found in patients aged &amp;lt;50. Accodring to the JCRT standard, cosmetic result was excellent in 73.1% and 90.9% patients at one year and two year checkup respectively, and good was found in 15.4% and 9.1% patients. Conclusion:The incidence of breast cancer remains to increase in China with the aging of society and changes of lifestyle, and the highest incidence is found in the age group 45-50 years.Our study suggested the toxicity and cosmetic evalution were good. Data on local control were encouraging, especially for those under 50. ELIOT of 21Gy was a well-tolerated treatment in early stage Chinese breast cancer patients. And further follow up is still needed. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-11-10.
366 PREVALENCE AND SEVERITY OF KIDNEY DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B IN EUROPE: DATA FROM THE EUROPEAN VIRGIL COHORT
Authors: K. Deterding, N. Lampe, J. Reijnders, M.P. Manns, H. Janssen, F. Zoulim, M. Buti, T. Santantonio, H. Wedemeyer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
NRAS mutations with low allele burden have independent prognostic significance for patients with lower risk myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: D M Murphy, R Bejar, K Stevenson, D Neuberg, Y Shi, C Cubrich, K Richardson, P Eastlake, G Garcia-Manero, H Kantarjian, B L Ebert, G Mike Makrigiorgos
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
OBSERVATIONS WITH THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE ON THE SOLVATION AND RECONSTITUTION OF COLLAGEN
Authors: Parker Vanamee, Keith R. Porter
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1951)

The course of events in the solvation and reconstitution of collagen obtained from rat tail tendon is described as seen with the electron microscope. Under the influence of 0.01 per cent acetic acid the collagen fibers swell and dissociate into submicroscopic filaments, the smallest of which are probably beyond the resolution of the electron microscope. These filaments can be made to reconstitute into fibers either by the addition of neutral salts to the acid solution or by raising the pH. The structural form of the resulting fibers is influenced by the concentration of the salt and by the pH of the solution employed. Saline-concentrations around 1 per cent and pH's ranging from 4.8 to 6.8 lead to the formation of needle-shaped crystals, or tactoids, showing the striated structure characteristic of collagen. Saline concentrations outside of this range (0.5 per cent and 5.0 per cent) lead to the formation of long fibrils without evidence of striations. pH's on the alkaline side of 6.8 bring about the formation of long slender fibers. Some of the possible reasons for these different fiber forms are discussed. Apparently fibers are formed in vitro by the lateral and longitudinal association of the filaments seen in the original solutions. Some of the fibers thus formed may in turn associate laterally and longitudinally to form the larger fibers. The formation of the needle-shaped crystals appears to be an orderly process since it leads to the formation of a periodicity in the fibers. The striations in the smaller fibers are uniform and regularly spaced at around 210 A. With continued growth of these fibers there is a simultaneous development of a more obvious and precise banding. It is evident that two out of each group of three regularly spaced striae are more prominent. This produces the macroperiod of collagen measuring around 640 A in length.
Abstract 2809: Deficiency of Notch-1 signaling in liver increases neuroblastoma hepatic metastases.
Authors: Debarshi Banerjee, Alejandro Garcia, John Andrews, Emily Sbiroli, Jessica J. Kandel, Darrel J. Yamashiro
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: The Notch signaling pathway has been extensively studied for its role in tumor angiogenesis but its function in tumor metastasis is largely elusive. In the present study we investigated the role of a notch receptor, Notch-1, in the regulation of neuroblastoma liver metastatic process. Methods: To investigate the function of Notch-1 in neuroblastoma liver metastasis we first generated immunodeficient (rag2gammaC deletion) Notch-1 heterozygous (+/-) mice. We crossed a Notch1 heterozygous (+/-) mouse with a rag2/gamma-c double knockout (-/-) mouse. The mouse with Notch1(+/-)rag2(+/-)gammaC(+/-) genotype was then backcrossed with a rag2gammaC double knockout (-/-) mouse to generate rag2(-/-)gammaC(-/-)Notch1(+/-) mouse or rag2(-/-)gammaC(-/-)Notch1(+/+)control mouse . These mice (n=5) were intracardically injected with 105 neuroblastoma NGP (MYCN amplified) cells expressing Firefly luciferase. The mice were subjected to IVIS- bioluminescence imaging, once in a week, to monitor the metastatic spread. All mice were sacrificed at week 8. At the time of sacrifice, mice were injected with Luciferin, sacrificed and liver was then dissected out, imaged and bioluminescence flux was measured (ex vivo imaging). The liver tissues were also sectioned (5um, paraffin) and H&amp;E stained at multiple levels to further confirm the presence of metastases. Result: Intracardically injected NGP cells formed increased liver metastases in rag2(-/-)gammaC(-/-)Notch1(+/-) mice compared to littermate control rag2(-/-)gammaC(-/-)Notch1(+/+) mice. 4 out of 5 (80%) mice in Notch-het group and only 1 out of 5 (20%) mice in control group developed hepatic metastases. Notch-het livers showed multiple metastatic lesions with diameter ranged from 1-5 mm. Ex vivo bioluminescence imaging showed total flux (photon/sec) of Notch1 (+/-) livers were significantly higher (p&amp;lt;0.01) compared to Notch1 (+/+) control livers. Immunohistochemical staining against blood vessel markers such as Collagen IV, endomucin (endothelial cells) and aSMA (pericyte) showed extensive network of angiogenesis in Notch1 (+/-) liver metastases. Conclusion: Deficiency of Notch1 signaling in liver microenvironment presented an increase in metastases in Notch-het mice in NGP intracardiac injection metastatic model. Therefore our study indicates that Notch1 acts as tumor suppressor in neuroblastoma liver metastasis. Citation Format: Debarshi Banerjee, Alejandro Garcia, John Andrews, Emily Sbiroli, Jessica J. Kandel, Darrel J. Yamashiro. Deficiency of Notch-1 signaling in liver increases neuroblastoma hepatic metastases. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2809. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2809
Aberrant fibrin formation and cross-linking of fibrinogen Nieuwegein, a variant with a shortened Aα-chain, alters endothelial capillary tube formation
Authors: Annemie Collen, Annemarie Maas, Teake Kooistra, Florea Lupu, Jos Grimbergen, Fred J. L. M. Haas, Douwe H. Biesma, Pieter Koolwijk, Jaap Koopman, Victor W. M. van Hinsbergh
Journal: Blood (2001)
Vbeta4(+) T cells promote clearance of infection in murine pulmonary histoplasmosis.
Authors: F J Gomez, J A Cain, R Gibbons, R Allendoerfer, G S Deepe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

T cells are essential for controlling infection with Histoplasma capsulatum. Because the T cell receptor is vital for transducing the biological activities of these cells, we sought to determine if exposure to this fungus induced an alteration in the Vbeta repertoire in lungs of C57BL/6 mice infected intranasally. Vbeta2(+) cells were elevated on day 3 after infection; Vbeta4(+) cells were higher than controls on days 7, 10, and 14 after infection. Vbeta10(+) cells were increased on days 14 and 21, and Vbeta11(+) exceeded controls only on day 14. We investigated the clonality and function of Vbeta4(+) cells because their expansion transpired during the critical time of infection, that is, when cellular immunity is activated. Sequence analysis demonstrated preferential use of a restricted set of sequences in the complementarity-determining region 3. Elimination of Vbeta4(+) cells from mice impaired their ability to resolve infection. In contrast, depletion of Vbeta7(+) cells, the abundance of which was similar to that of Vbeta4(+), did not alter elimination of the fungus. The identification of clonotypes of Vbeta4(+) cells suggests that a few antigenic determinants may drive proliferation of this subset, which is necessary for optimal clearance.
Initial Ventricular Impulse
Authors: ROBERT F. RUSHMER, Donald Harding, Donald Baker, Nolan Watson
Journal: Circulation (1964)

During the early stages of ventricular systole, myocardial tension develops very rapidly, ventricular pressure rises steeply to exceed arterial pressure, and momentum is then rapidly imparted to the blood flowing out of the ventricles. The acceleration of blood out of the ventricles is an expression of the force being applied by the contracting myocardium, and the peak flow velocity can be regarded as the product of the net force applied over the time from the onset of ejection to the peak. The product of force and time is designated by a well-established physical term: impulse (I=Ft). Thus, "initial ventricular impulse" appears to be an appropriately descriptive term for the dynamic properties of ventricular ejection. Direct and continuous records of acceleration, the outflow rate of blood, and the rates of change of ventricular and arterial pressure demonstrate that ejection of blood from both ventricles (particularly the left) is more like striking a piston with a mallet than like squeezing blood out of a chamber. These dynamic characteristics of ventricular ejection are greatly altered by autonomic control and by simulated disease conditions. Initial ventricular impulse is greatly augmented during exercise, by stimulation of sympathetic nerves to the heart, and following long diastolic intervals. On the contrary, initial ventricular impulse is markedly depressed during premature ventricular contractions, acute coronary occlusion, exsanguination hypotension, general anesthesia, etc. Thus, signs of changing ventricular impulse may have significant value in assessing the performance capability of the heart. For this purpose, certain clinical tests of cardiac performance (e.g., arterial pressure pulses, electrokymograms, precordial displacements, ballistocardiograms) may have unsuspected importance. Experiments on animals have considerable value in suggesting measurements that might be appropriately employed on human subjects and patients, but because of species differences, the validation of initial ventricular impulse as clinical test of value must ultimately be accomplished by appropriate measurements conducted on human subjects. For this reason, a specific experimental design is suggested for the evaluation of certain indirect indicators that may have potential value in routine assessment of the cardiac status. By means of modern high-speed computers, cross correlations, and factor analysis could bring to light the aspects of peripheral arterial pulse waves, kinetocardiograms, electrokymograms, and ballistocardiograms of reliable predictive value in assessing initial ventricular impulse in man.
Tenascin-C Protects Cancer Stem–like Cells from Immune Surveillance by Arresting T-cell Activation
Authors: Elena Jachetti, Sara Caputo, Stefania Mazzoleni, Chiara Svetlana Brambillasca, Sara Martina Parigi, Matteo Grioni, Ignazio Stefano Piras, Umberto Restuccia, Arianna Calcinotto, Massimo Freschi, Angela Bachi, Rossella Galli, Matteo Bellone
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Precociously disseminated cancer cells may seed quiescent sites of future metastasis if they can protect themselves from immune surveillance. However, there is little knowledge about how such sites might be achieved. Here, we present evidence that prostate cancer stem-like cells (CSC) can be found in histopathologically negative prostate draining lymph nodes (PDLN) in mice harboring oncogene-driven prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (mPIN). PDLN-derived CSCs were phenotypically and functionally identical to CSC obtained from mPIN lesions, but distinct from CSCs obtained from frank prostate tumors. CSC derived from either PDLN or mPIN used the extracellular matrix protein Tenascin-C (TNC) to inhibit T-cell receptor-dependent T-cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production. Mechanistically, TNC interacted with α5β1 integrin on the cell surface of T cells, inhibiting reorganization of the actin-based cytoskeleton therein required for proper T-cell activation. CSC from both PDLN and mPIN lesions also expressed CXCR4 and migrated in response to its ligand CXCL12, which was overexpressed in PDLN upon mPIN development. CXCR4 was critical for the development of PDLN-derived CSC, as in vivo administration of CXCR4 inhibitors prevented establishment in PDLN of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Taken together, our work establishes a pivotal role for TNC in tuning the local immune response to establish equilibrium between disseminated nodal CSC and the immune system.
Genetic Link Between Cancer and Thrombosis
Authors: Carla Boccaccio, Paolo M. Comoglio
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

From the beginning of their lives, cancer cells exert a procoagulant activity in their microenvironment, which can extend systemically and become clinically evident as Trousseau's syndrome, the well-known association between tumor and thrombosis. It is becoming clear that the genetic mechanisms responsible for neoplastic transformation (activation of oncogenes such as RAS or MET, and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes such as p53 or PTEN) directly induce the expression of genes controlling hemostasis. Activation of blood coagulation results in a selective advantage for cancer cells, as fibrin provides a scaffold for anchorage and invasion, and coagulation proteins induce receptor-mediated intracellular signals promoting invasive growth. Targeting the tumor procoagulant activity can fight not only a dangerous tumor adverse effect, but also the core mechanisms of cancer onset and progression.
THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF VOLUNTARY MUSCLE IN MUSCLE DISEASE: A COMPARISON OF PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY WITH OTHER DISEASES TOGETHER WITH A STUDY OF EFFECTS OF GLYCINE AND CREATINE THERAPY 12
Authors: John G. Reinhold, George R. Kingsley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1938)

Current interest in disease of the muscles has emphasized the need for information concerning chemical changes within affected muscle.For this reason we have analyzed during the past four years specimens of muscles of patients suffering from primary progressive muscular dystrophy and other diseases involving the musculature.Aside from the desirability of securing data for theoretical purposes, it was our object also to learn whether changes occurring in these diseases were sufficiently characteristic to be applied for differential diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.Our studies were planned in conjunction with therapeutic trials of glycine and other agents in muscular dystrophy.When possible, specimens were secured before, during, and after treatment for the purpose of ascertaining effects upon the composition of muscle.Our observations have been discussed, in part, in an earlier report (17) dealing with treatment of progressive muscular dystrophy, although publication of chemical data was deferred pending investigation of additional patients.The present paper describes the results of chemical examinations made upon patients whose histories were included in the report men- tioned as well as others studied subsequently. EXPERIMENTALThis report includes results of examination of muscle removed at biopsy from 12 patients suf- fering from progressive muscular dystrophy and from 16 patients with other diseases involving