tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
STUDIES OF TOTAL PULMONARY CAPACITY AND ITS SUB-DIVISIONS. IV. PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ON CASES OF PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA AND OF PNEUMOCONIOSIS
Authors: Alberto Hurtado, Walter W. Fray, Wm. S. McCann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1933)

1'ULMONARY CAP'ACITY: EMPhIYSENIA, PNEUMOCONIOSIS Case 1. Male 41 years.Chronic cough for 27 years.Severe asthmiatic at- tacks during the last few years.Vcry severe dyspnwca ont physical activity.No cardiac symptoimis.Chest marke(dly emphysematous.Heart normal.Radiograph showed increased linear markings and emphysema.Diagnosis: Chronic bronchitis.Asthma.Pulmionary emphysemiia.Case 2. Male 54 years.Chronic cough and asthmatic attacks for 20 years.ScTecrc dyspnica ont physical activity.No cardliac symptoms.Chest markedly emphysematous.Heart normal.Electrocar(liogram normal.Radiograph showed increased linear markings.Diagnosis: Chronic
Use of procalcitonin for the diagnosis of pneumonia in patients presenting with a chief complaint of dyspnoea: results from the BACH (Biomarkers in Acute Heart Failure) trial
Authors: Alan Maisel, Sean‐Xavier Neath, Judd Landsberg, Christian Mueller, Richard M. Nowak, W. Frank Peacock, Piotr Ponikowski, Martin Möckel, Christopher Hogan, Alan H.B. Wu, Mark Richards, Paul Clopton, Gerasimos S. Filippatos, Salvatore Di Somma, Inder Anand, Leong L. Ng, Lori B. Daniels, Robert H. Christenson, Mihael Potocki, James McCord, Garret Terracciano, Oliver Hartmann, Andreas Bergmann, Nils G. Morgenthaler, Stefan D. Anker
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2012)

Biomarkers have proven their ability in the evaluation of cardiopulmonary diseases. We investigated the utility of concentrations of the biomarker procalcitonin (PCT) alone and with clinical variables for the diagnosis of pneumonia in patients presenting to emergency departments (EDs) with a chief complaint of shortness of breath.The BACH trial was a prospective, international, study of 1641 patients presenting to EDs with dyspnoea. Blood samples were analysed for PCT and other biomarkers. Relevant clinical data were also captured. Patient outcomes were assessed at 90 days. The diagnosis of pneumonia was made using strictly validated guidelines. A model using PCT was more accurate [area under the curve (AUC) 72.3%] than any other individual clinical variable for the diagnosis of pneumonia in all patients, in those with obstructive lung disease, and in those with acute heart failure (AHF). Combining physician estimates of the probability of pneumonia with PCT values increased the accuracy to >86% for the diagnosis of pneumonia in all patients. Patients with a diagnosis of AHF and an elevated PCT concentration (>0.21 ng/mL) had a worse outcome if not treated with antibiotics (P = 0.046), while patients with low PCT values (<0.05 ng/mL) had a better outcome if they did not receive antibiotic therapy (P = 0.049).Procalcitonin may aid in the diagnosis of pneumonia, particularly in cases with high diagnostic uncertainty. Importantly, PCT may aid in the decision to administer antibiotic therapy to patients presenting with AHF in which clinical uncertainty exists regarding a superimposed bacterial infection.
Liver cytochrome P450 CYP1A2 is markedly inhibited by systemic but not by bath PUVA in dermatological patients
Authors: I. Tantcheva-Poor, M. Servera-Llaneras, K. Scharffetter-Kochanek, U. Fuhr
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Methoxsalen (8-MOP) may cause important pharmacokinetic drug interactions as it has been shown to inhibit and/or induce several drug-metabolizing enzymes in vitro, in animal models and in humans.In order to assess the clinical importance of acute and chronic 8-MOP effects on the liver cytochrome P-450 enzyme CYP1A2 in vivo, we measured caffeine clearance in dermatological patients before the onset of systemic or bath psoralen + ultraviolet A radiation (PUVA) (8-MOP + UVA) therapy, on the first day and after 1 week of treatment.Data from four patients with systemic PUVA and seven patients with bath PUVA were available (age range 23-71 years, five women and six men).For all of the patients, individual pre-PUVA caffeine clearance values were above the lower limit of previously assessed reference ranges. Systemic PUVA markedly decreased caffeine clearance by factors of 0.17 [90% confidence interval (CI) 0.07-0.42] on the first day and 0.14 (90% CI 0.05-0.36) after 1 week of treatment, respectively, and values thus dropped below the reference ranges. In contrast, bath PUVA had no obvious effect on pre-PUVA clearance values as the latter changed by factors of 1.00 (90% CI 0.81-1.23) and 1.05 (90% CI 0.75-1.49) on the first day and after 1 week of treatment, respectively.Systemic PUVA causes pronounced inhibition of liver CYP1A2, while bath PUVA has no such effect. The extent of interaction makes a dose adjustment for most CYP1A2 substrates such as theophylline mandatory in patients undergoing systemic PUVA.
Left Ventricular Ejection Time by Densitometry in Patients at Rest and During Exercise, Atrial Pacing and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: RAUL CHIRIFE, JAMES M. FOERSTER, OSCAR H. L. BING
Journal: Circulation (1974)

A comparison of left ventricular ejection time (LVET) measured directly from the central aortic pressure tracing (CAPT) and a densitogram recording was carried out in 39 patients during diagnostic cardiac catheterization. The correlation coefficient between the LVET derived from the CAPT and densitogram of 32 patients while at rest was 0.974 with a standard deviation from regression ( sdr ) of 6.2 msec. Sequential LVETs were analyzed in two patients during atrial pacing, three patients during exercise and three patients with atrial fibrillation. Correlation coefficients were 0.981, 0.951 and 0.974 with sdrs of 5.3, 6.2 and 6.7 msec respectively. Assuming LVET from the CAPT to be error free, the over-all error of estimating LVET by densitogram was less than 5% for over 95% of the measurements. The largest mean difference between CAPT and densitogram derived LVETs was present during atrial pacing and corresponds to an error of less than 2% of the average LVET for the group. We conclude that densitometry is a practical and reliable noninvasive method for LVET measurements in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions.
Efficacy of ambulatory systemic vasodilator therapy with oral prazosin in chronic refractory heart failure. Concomitant relief of pulmonary congestion and elevation of pump output demonstrated by improvements in symptomatology, exercise tolerance, hemodynamics and echocardiography.
Authors: N A Awan, R R Miller, A N DeMaria, K S Maxwell, A Neumann, D T Mason
Journal: Circulation (1977)

The long-term efficacy of the new oral vasodilator, prazosin (PZ), was evaluated in nine patients with refractory heart failure due to chronic coronary heart disease. Ventricular function was assessed by cardiac catheterization, echocardiography, and treadmill testing; symptomatic evaluation was carried out for two to four months. One hour following 2-7 mg PZ, control left ventricular filling pressure was reduced (32 to 18 mm Hg, P less than 0.001) and cardiac index was elevated (1.95 to 2.89 L/min/m2, P less than 0.001) for a 6-hour period. After two weeks of PZ 2 to 7 mg four times daily, echographic end-diastolic dimension fell (5.7 to 5.4 cm, P less than 0.001) while shortening fraction increased (27.6 to 30.2%, P less than 0.005). Treadmill exercise duration increased from 209 to 317 seconds (P less than 0.001). Symptoms diminished throughout the duration of follow-up (mean 94 days) with improvement in NYHA functional class (3.7 to 2.2, P less than 0.001). Thus, prazosin possesses sustained nitroprusside-like balanced dilator actions on the systemic arterial and venous systems and is effective in the ambulatory management of chronic severe heart failure.
Twentieth-Century Changes in the Treatment of Septic Infections
Authors: Alexander Fleming
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

MICROBIOLOGY started with Louis Pasteur — a chemist. He drifted into microbiology through his work on alcoholic fermentation. He confirmed that alcoholic fermentation was due to a living micro-organism, a yeast, and he found that when the alcoholic fermentation went wrong other organisms were present. This gave him the interest in microbes. Later, he became interested in the microbes of disease.After Pasteur's time bacteriology was largely medical for many years, but recently the interest in microbes has become much more general and the industrial possibilities of these lowly organisms have become recognized. Microbiology is now important in many industries, . . .
Some Characteristics of the Rabbit Vermiform Appendix as a Secreting Organ
Authors: William D. Blackwood, Robin A. Bolinger, Nathan Lifson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

It has been confirmed that the rabbit vermiform appendix secretes spontaneously at a relatively rapid rate (1-12 ml.h(-1); 1.4+/-0.24 mul.min(-1).cm(-2)). The electrolyte composition is similar to that of ileal fluids and independent of the secretory rate. The transmural potential difference is about 12 mV, mucosa negative. Of the major electrolytes, only HCO(3) (-) is secreted grossly against its electrochemical potential difference. This finding plus the low hydraulic (or osmotic) permeability (L(p)) and high secretory pressures of the organ strongly suggest that the secretion is an active one. The passive permeability to Na(+) and Cl(-) appears to be, at most, somewhat less than for small bowel. Permeability to mannitol was estimated at 2.5 x 10(-7) cm.s(-1). On the basis of reasonable assumptions and results with luminal test solutions of differing osmolarities, it was concluded that (a) the L(p) of the appendiceal epithelium is in the lower range of values reported for small bowel and colon; (b) the L(p) is higher for osmotic absorption than for osmotic secretion; and (c) the rate of spontaneous secretion is insensitive to luminal anisotonicity over a wide range of values. But sufficiently hypotonic solutions can reverse net secretion to net absorption, more by inhibiting spontaneous secretion than increasing osmotic absorption. The rabbit vermiform appendix appears to be a useful model for the elucidation of intestinal secretory processes.
Impact of concomitant heart failure on outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions: analysis of the Melbourne Interventional Group registry
Authors: Ken J. Lu, Bryan P. Yan, Andrew E. Ajani, William M. Wilson, Stephen J. Duffy, Ronen Gurvitch, David J. Clark, Angela Brennan, Christopher Reid, Nick Andrianopoulos, Henry Krum
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2011)
Intrauterine deposition of calcium on copper-bearing intrauterine contraceptive devices.
Authors: C Gosden, A Ross, N B Loudon
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Copper-bearing intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) removed after various times in utero were examined by scanning electron microscopy and x-ray microanalysis of the elements present. As time in utero increased these devices became increasingly calcified. This calcification may limit the release of copper from the devices and decrease the specific contraceptive effectiveness of copper over an enert plastic device. Conversely, any teratogenic effects attributable to the copper may decrease with time in utero and depend on the extent of calcification. Even though the amount of copper in the device is not significantly diminished after two years, devices should not remain in situ for over two years because calcium accumulation probably prevents further diffusion of copper. Calcification can begin as early as six months after insertion. Consequently a careful review of the amount of time a copper-containing IUD should be left in situ should be undertaken.
DLK1: A Novel Target for Immunotherapeutic Remodeling of the Tumor Blood Vasculature
Authors: Nina Chi Sabins, Jennifer L Taylor, Kellsye PL Fabian, Leonard J Appleman, Jodi K Maranchie, Donna Beer Stolz, Walter J Storkus
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Tumor blood vessels are frequently inefficient in their design and function, leading to high interstitial fluid pressure, hypoxia, and acidosis in the tumor microenvironment (TME), rendering tumors refractory to the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents and immune effector cells. Here we identified the NOTCH antagonist delta-like 1 homologue (DLK1) as a vascular pericyte-associated antigen expressed in renal cell carcinomas (RCC), but not in normal kidney tissues in mice and humans. Vaccination of mice bearing established RCC against DLK1 led to immune-mediated elimination of DLK1(+) pericytes and to blood vessel normalization (i.e., decreased vascular permeability and intratumoral hypoxia) in the TME, in association with tumor growth suppression. After therapeutic vaccination, tumors displayed increased prevalence of activated VCAM1(+)CD31(+) vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and CXCL10, a type-1 T cell recruiting chemokine, in concert with increased levels of type-1 CD8(+) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). Vaccination against DLK1 also yielded (i) dramatic reductions in Jarid1B(+), CD133(+), and CD44(+) (hypoxia-responsive) stromal cell populations, (ii) enhanced tumor cell apoptosis, and (iii) increased NOTCH signaling in the TME. Coadministration of a γ-secretase inhibitor (N-[N-(3,5-Difluorophenacetyl-l-alanyl)]-(S)-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT)) that interferes with canonical NOTCH signaling resulted in the partial loss of therapeutic benefits associated with lentivirus encoding full-length murine (lvDLK1)-based vaccination.
Abstract 2715: Host genomic environment determines HTLV-1 clone size <i>in vivo</i>
Authors: Nicolas Gillet, Nirav Malani, Anat Melamed, Niall Gormley, Richard Carter, David Bentley, Charles Berry, Frederic Bushman, Graham Taylor, Charles Bangham
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract HTLV-1 persists by driving clonal proliferation of infected T-lymphocytes. A high proviral load predisposes to the inflammatory and malignant diseases associated with HTLV-1. Yet the reasons for the remarkable variation within and between individuals in the size of HTLV-1-infected clones remain unknown. We devised a high-throughput protocol to map the genomic location and quantify the abundance of &amp;gt;91,000 distinct integration sites from 61 HTLV-1+ individuals and &amp;gt;2,100 sites from in vitro infection. We show that a typical HTLV-1-infected host carries between 500 and 5000 distinct integrated proviral clones. We demonstrate that negative selection dominates during chronic infection, favouring survival of proviruses integrated in transcriptionally silenced DNA: this selection is significantly stronger in asymptomatic carriers. The high proviral load characteristic of HTLV-1-associated inflammatory disease results from a larger number of integrated proviruses and not as previously believed from a difference in clonality. The abundance of surviving integrated proviruses is determined by genomic features of the flanking DNA and the transcriptional orientation of the provirus relative to the nearest host gene. HTLV-1 clonal expansion in vivo is favoured by orientation of the provirus in the same sense as the nearest host gene. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2715. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2715
Rules and similarity as conscious contents with distinctive roles in theory
Authors: Donelson E. Dulany
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Difficulty of distinguishing rules and similarity in categorization comes from reliance on relatively simple manipulation-response designs and a style of modeling with abstract parameters, rather than assessment of intervening and controlling mental states. This commentary proposes a strategy in which rules and similarity would be distinguished by their different roles in a theory interrelating reportable conscious contents in deliberative categorization.
Relationships with the drug industry: Keep at arm's length
Authors: M. Angell
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The relationship between the drug industry, academia, healthcare professionals, and patients has reached an all time low and few doubt that it is in the interests of all parties to improve it. A recent report from the Royal College of Physicians attempts to define a path towards achieving a more productive relationship. Here we set out five contrasting views on what the ideal relationship between industry and prescribers and patients should be and what steps need to be taken to achieve it (doi:10.1136/bmj.b211, doi:10.1136/bmj.b232, doi:10.1136/bmj.b252, doi:10.1136/bmj.b252)
Kidney function and markers of inflammation in elderly persons without chronic kidney disease: The health, aging, and body composition study
Authors: C.R. Keller, M.C. Odden, L.F. Fried, A.B. Newman, S. Angleman, C.A. Green, S.R. Cummings, T.B. Harris, M.G. Shlipak
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
NHS trusts are urged to embrace comparative performance data
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2010)

NHS organisations must improve the transparency and quality of their data and fully embrace the democracy of the web if they are to boost efficiency and improve clinical outcomes in line with government thinking, NHS leaders were told last week.

Bruce Keogh, medical director of the NHS in England, told delegates to the annual conference in Liverpool last week of the NHS Confederation, which represents most NHS organisations, that the publication of comparative data on performance was a major lever for quality improvement. But while vital for local commissioners, it continued to be feared, he said.

“We still have a long way to go …
Advanced Lymphoma and CHOP Chemotherapy
Authors: ARTURO PEREIRA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1986Advanced Lymphoma and CHOP ChemotherapyARTURO PEREIRA, M.D., EMILIO MONTSERRAT, M.D., FRANCISCO CERVANTES, M.D., ClRIL ROZMAN, M.D.ARTURO PEREIRA, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, EMILIO MONTSERRAT, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, FRANCISCO CERVANTES, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ClRIL ROZMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-4-631_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Despite advances in the treatment of large-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (1), patients who have relapses after chemotherapy still have a poor outcome with the presently available "rescue" regimens (2). Because the possibility of attaining a cure seems to rely on the initial chemotherapy, the identification of presenting factors that allow the clinician to select the best first-line treatment is a matter of great importance. In the June issue, Shipp and coworkers (3) proposed a prognostic classification, derived from a multivariate analysis of patients' pretreatment characteristics, that could predict the response to M-BACOD or m-BACOD (methotrexate, bleomycin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide,...References1. COLEMAN M. Chemotherapy for large-cell lymphoma: optimism and caution [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103:140-2. LinkGoogle Scholar2. SINGER C and GOLDSTONE A. Clinical studies of ABMT in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Clin Haematol. 1986;15:105-50. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. SHIPP M, HARRINGTON D, and KLAT M. Identification of major prognostic subgroups of patients with large-cell lymphoma treated with m-BACOD or M-BACOD. Ann Intern Med. 1986;104:757-65. LinkGoogle Scholar4. GOLDIE J and COLDMAN A. A mathematic model for relating the drug sensitivity of tumors to their spontaneous mutation rate. Cancer Treat Rep. 1979;63:1727-33. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ARTURO PEREIRA, M.D.; EMILIO MONTSERRAT, M.D.; FRANCISCO CERVANTES, M.D.; ClRIL ROZMAN, M.D.Affiliations: University of Barcelona 170 Barcelona 36 Spain PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byOutcomes of lymphoma in South Australia, 1977–2007Non-hodgkin's lymphoma of unfavourable histology: A multivariate analysis of factors predicting the response to chop 1 October 1986Volume 105, Issue 4 Page: 631-631 Keywords Chemotherapy Cyclophosphamide Lymphoma Methotrexate Multivariate analysis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1986 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Frequency of the Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Thomas A. Medsger
Journal: JAMA (1972)

As a research discipline, epidemiology has contributed importantly to our understanding of the rheumatic diseases. This timely monograph summarizes current knowledge of the frequency of these disorders. The volume should be of central interest to clinical epidemiologists, rheumatologists, and those concerned with health statistics and health care delivery, but will interest few others. The frequency and ubiquity of rheumatic complaints and disorders and their large toll in disability are repeatedly emphasized. The occurrence of each disease by age, race, and sex is thoroughly described. The chapter sequencing, however, is not ideal. The author has done a masterful job of integrating the results of existing studies in a fashion which emphasizes comparability. Simultaneously, he lucidly describes and critically evaluates the varying methodologies. These comments pertain especially to his chapters on rheumatoid disease which far outclass others in their thoroughness. In contrast, the sections on connective tissue diseases and ankylosing spondylitis are
The Breast Cancer Screening Controversy Continues
Authors: Charles J. Wright
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 May 1993The Breast Cancer Screening Controversy ContinuesCharles J. Wright, MDCharles J. Wright, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-9-199305010-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Your editorial [1] makes a very appropriate recommendation on the need to review the current recommendations on mammographic screening for breast cancer in younger women. However, you continue to support mammographic screening in women over 50 years old, stating that at least five major randomized, controlled trials, three case–control studies, and one cohort study have been conducted, all finding that screening for breast cancer saves lives in women ages 50 to 74. Of the five major randomized, controlled trials reported in the literature, only the first twothe HIP study and the Swedish National Board of Health studyclaimed ...References1. Fletcher SW, Fletcher RH. The breast is close to the heart. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:969-71. Google Scholar2. Andersson I, Aspegren K, Janzon L, Landberg T, Lindholm K, Linell F, et al. Mammographic screening and mortality from breast cancer: the Malmo mammographic screening trial. Br Med J. 1988; 297:943-8. Google Scholar3. Roberts MM, Alexander FE, Anderson TJ, Chetty U, Donnan PT, Forrest P, et al. Edinburgh trial of screening for breast cancer: mortality at seven years. Lancet. 1990; 335:241-6. Google Scholar4. Miller AB, Baines CJ, To T, Wall C. Canadian National Breast Screening Study: 2. Breast cancer detection and death rates among women aged 50 to 59 years. Can Med Assoc J. 1992; 147:1477-88. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1993Volume 118, Issue 9Page: 746-749KeywordsAge groupsBreast cancerBreast cancer screeningCancer screeningCohort studiesHipMammographyRandomized trialsSequence analysis Issue Published: 1 May 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...