tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Warnings in Tobacco Advertisements: Marlboro Man vs Surgeon General-Reply
Authors: Paul M. Fischer
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In Reply.—  Dr Alwitt fails to understand or has ignored the central issue in our research. The essential context for the warning must be the tobacco advertisement itself. Only 8% of the viewing time was devoted to the warning, while 92% was devoted to the advertisement. Comparisons with advertisements for products that carry no warnings are irrelevant.  As we acknowledged in the article, the sample size is small. However, our study remains one of the largest ever reported in the literature using eye tracking techniques. Furthermore, it is the only published study to examine the effectiveness of the Surgeon General's warning for adolescents.  Dr Alwitt is incorrect in her statement that the subjects should have been able to read the warning in three visual fixations. The reference 1 that she cites, in fact, states that only eight letters are seen in the average fixation. The warnings on cigarette advertisements average
474 Risk factors for cholesterol gallstone formation are associated with common polymorphisms of , the genes encoding the biliary cholesterol half-transporters in German and Mexican gallstone patients
Authors: N MENDEZSANCHEZ, N RAHBARTABRIZI, A KINGMARTINEZ, H WITTENBURG, H KEPPELER, R SCHIRINSOKHAN, A WERTH, H WASMUTH, M URIBE, S MATERN
Journal: Hepatology (2003)
Guidelines for the Determination of Death
Authors: John T. Burroughs
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> As the "Guidelines for the Determination of Death" (1981;246:2184) point out, the co-authors do not agree on every detail but do agree on the principles outlined. For instance, valid protocols for apnea testing may vary, but it is generally accepted that a patient who is not apneic is not fully brain-dead. Conversely, some may justifiably argue that the guidelines protocol for apnea testing should contain precautions for patients who have ventilation-perfusion defects or who have had chronic hypercapnea. Others may justifiably argue that apnea testing is unnecessary for the determination of brain death. Nevertheless, the guidelines will still serve a useful purpose for clinicians. We regret that the guidelines are an appendix to the President's Commission's report. The commission was chartered by Congress to study "the ethical and legal implications of... the matter of defining death, including the advisability of developing a uniform definition of death."<sup>1</sup>
Depression and oral contraception.
Authors: D Rees
Journal: BMJ (1971)

our findings are not peculiar to Newcastle for the same high incidence of jejunal mucosal abnormalities has been found in large series from London4ll15 and Glasgow"6 and several cases have been reported from the Netherlands,'7 Canada,3 and the U.S. A.18 This means that all patients with dermatitis herpetiformis should be investiga- ted for coeliac disease solely on the grounds that they have dermatitis herpetiformis.The evidence is now so unequivocal that the day may not be far off when any of us may be called to answer a charge of negligence if we omit this essential investigation.-Weare, etc.,
Genetic susceptibility in diabetes mellitus: analysis of the HLA association.
Authors: A G Cudworth, J C Woodrow
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Two hundred and eighty-eight patients with insulin-dependent diabetes w,o were aged 30 or under at onset and 150 patients with late-onset diabetes, 50 of them dependent on insulin and 100 not dependent on insulin, were HLA-typed. There was a significant positive association between the young-onset insulin-dependent patients and HLA-B8, BW15, and B18 and a significant negative association with B7. These data were combined with those from two other centres. There was a significant concordance for the distribution of all the HLA antigens among these three series, producing evidence in favour of an HLA-linked diabetogenic gene (or genes) having a major role in all cases of juvenile-onset insulin-dependent diabetes. There was a positive association between late-onset insulin-dependent diabetes and B8, but no association between non-insulin-dependent diabetes and the HLA system. This provides further evidence for the existence of different pathogenetic mechanisms in the two major clinical forms of diabetes mellitus.
Pattern of distribution and intensity of lymphoblastogenesis as an aid to distinguishing pseudolymphomas from lymphomas
Authors: G.E. PIERARD, CLAUDINE PIERARD-FRANCHIMONT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Pseudolymphomas and malignant lymphomas may be distinguished on the basis of their proliferative activities, evaluated by radioautography after incorporation of tritiated thymidine. In malignant lymphomas, cells synthesizing DNA are numerous and are distributed regularly in the infiltrate. In pseudolymphomas many atypical cells do not synthesize DNA, and those labelled with [3H]TdR are often grouped in restricted areas of the infiltrate.
Immunoblastic morphology but not the immunohistochemical GCB/nonGCB classifier predicts outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the RICOVER-60 trial of the DSHNHL
Authors: German Ott, Marita Ziepert, Wolfram Klapper, Heike Horn, Monika Szczepanowski, Heinz-Wolfram Bernd, Christoph Thorns, Alfred C. Feller, Dido Lenze, Michael Hummel, Harald Stein, Hans-Konrad Müller-Hermelink, Matthias Frank, Martin-Leo Hansmann, Thomas F. E. Barth, Peter Möller, Sergio Cogliatti, Michael Pfreundschuh, Norbert Schmitz, Lorenz Trümper, Markus Loeffler, Andreas Rosenwald
Journal: Blood (2010)
Amyloid elastosis: a new case studied extensively by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry
Authors: B. Bocquier, M. D’Incan, J. Joubert, J. Kanitakis, M. Salavert, O. Tournilhac, F. Maitre, P. Déchelotte, P. Souteyrand, E. Estève, L. Martin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Journal Article Amyloid elastosis: a new case studied extensively by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry Get access B. Bocquier, B. Bocquier Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. D’Incan, M. D’Incan Departments of Dermatology Correspondence: Michel D’Incan. E‐mail: mdincan@chu‐clermontferrand.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Joubert, J. Joubert Pathology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Kanitakis, J. Kanitakis Departments of Dermatology and Electron Microscopy, CHU Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, F‐69347 Lyon, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Salavert, M. Salavert Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar O. Tournilhac, O. Tournilhac Haematology, CHU Clermont‐Ferrand, Hôtel‐Dieu, F‐63058 Clermont‐Ferrand, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Maitre, F. Maitre Departments of Pathology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Déchelotte, P. Déchelotte Pathology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Souteyrand, P. Souteyrand Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Estève, E. Estève Dermatology, CHG Orléans, La Source Hospital, F‐45000 Orléans, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ... Show more L. Martin L. Martin Dermatology, CHG Orléans, La Source Hospital, F‐45000 Orléans, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 158, Issue 4, 1 April 2008, Pages 858–860, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08428.x Published: 01 April 2008
Abstract 2290: A novel function in metastasis for YY1 overexpression in the initiation of the EMT phenotype
Authors: Stavroula Baritaki, Sara Huerta-Yepez, Kam Yeung, Ioannis Neonakis, Benjamin Bonavida
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Metastasis is the main cause of death in cancer patients. The underlying molecular mechanisms of the metastatic process and their regulation in different malignancies are unknown. Survival pathways, such as the constitutively activated NF-κB pathway, contribute to the initiation of metastasis, a process known as epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). The EMT phenotype is characterized by several gene modifications such as inhibition of epithelial gene products (e.g. E-cadherin, cytokeratin 18) and upregulation of mesenchymal gene products (e.g. vimentin and fibronectin). In addition, the cells exhibit invasive properties. The metastasis-inducer transcription factor, Snail, is intimately involved in EMT and is transcriptionally regulated, in part, by NF-κB. A recent report demonstrated that Snail is transcriptionally regulated, in part, by the transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) and YY1 is downstream of NF-κB. We have reported that YY1 expression is a prognostic marker in prostate cancer and YY1 also regulates tumor cell resistance to apoptosis by cytotoxic therapeutics. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that the expression levels of YY1 in cancer may also regulate EMT directly and/or indirectly through its regulation of Snail transcription. This hypothesis was tested using the human metastatic prostate carcinoma cell lines, PC-3 and DU-145, that exhibit the EMT phenotype as models. The relationship between inhibition of YY1 and inhibition of EMT was established by several lines of evidence. Treatment of the tumor cells with the proteasome inhibitors, NPI-0052 or Bortezomib, inhibited NF-κB, Snail and YY1 activities and correlated with inhibition of EMT. The direct role of YY1 expression and activity in the regulation of EMT was shown by treating cells with YY1 siRNA and resulting in the inhibition of the EMT phenotype. In turn, inhibition of Snail resulted in upregulation of the expression of the metastasis-suppressor/immune surveillance cancer gene product, Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP). The upregulation of RKIP by YY1 siRNA was due to the inhibition of the RKIP transcription repressor Snail. These findings establish a novel role for YY1 in the regulation of EMT. The findings also establish the dysregulation of the circuitry NF-κB/Snail/YY1/RKIP in cancer and metastasis resulting in the initiation of EMT. Further, this dysregulation has also been recently reported by us to regulate tumor cell resistance to apoptotic-inducing stimuli. Therefore, this dysregulated circuitry and downstream regulated gene products may be considered as novel targets for the regulation of both metastasis and resistance. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2290.
Bronchial Atresia on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Harshkumar Gohil, Ashok Muthukrishnan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Bronchial atresia is a rare but important congenital pathology that could be readily mistaken for a pulmonary mass. We report the PET/CT characteristics of bronchial atresia in a 63-year-old woman with no prior history of cancer who was referred for evaluation of a solitary pulmonary nodule observed on a prior diagnostic chest CT. PET/CT images demonstrated an opacity in the superior segment of the right lower lobe of the lung with no focal increase in FDG uptake. The intensity of FDG uptake within this lesion was less than that of the adjacent mediastinal blood pool.
PMO-116 EUS guided sampling of pancreatic malignancy
Authors: D Lloyd, A Higginson, B Stacey, H Shepherd, H Gordon
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided sampling of malignant pancreatic lesions is increasingly performed to confirm malignancy prior to chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Historically lesions have been sampled by fine needle aspiration (FNA) yielding cells for cytological analysis. Cook Medical has recently developed the ProCore needle for EUS guided fine needle biopsy (FNB). This study compared the diagnostic yield of Procore FNB and FNA in patients undergoing EUS guided sampling of suspected pancreatic malignancy in a tertiary EUS centre. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients with suspected pancreatic malignancy undergoing EUS guided tissue sampling over a 1-year period from 1st January 2011 to 31st December 2011 were retrospectively identified from endoscopy records. Note was made of whether FNA or FNB were performed. Electronic records were reviewed to determine the results of FNA/FNB. Standard statistical tests were used to compare the diagnostic yield of FNA and FNB. <h3>Results</h3> EUS guided sampling was performed on 51 suspected malignant pancreatic mass lesions. FNA was performed on 27 occasions; FNB was performed on 40 occasions. Fifteen lesions were sampled by both FNA and FNB. FNA yielded a sample sufficient for cytological analysis in 19 (70%) cases. Of these samples, cytology confirmed malignancy in 17 (89%) of cases. FNB yielded a sample sufficient for histological analysis in 27 (68%) cases. Of these, histology confirmed malignancy in 26 (96%) cases. There was no statistically significant difference in either the yield of analysable tissue or the yield of positive cytology/histology between FNA and FNB. In cases where both FNA and FNB were performed, both modalities confirmed malignancy in eight cases (53%) and both modalities failed to yield diagnostic tissue in three cases (20%). In two cases FNA was positive with insufficient tissue from FNB, and in two cases FNB was positive with FNA yielding insufficient tissue. The overall yield of FNB was only one in five of patients undergoing repeat sampling where the initial sample had been non-diagnostic, compared to two in three for FNA. <h3>Conclusion</h3> An advantage of Procore FNB is that cytology specimen preparation in endoscopy is not required and the larger sample allows more extensive histological assessment. The overall positive yield of FNB in patients who underwent EUS guided sampling of a suspected pancreatic malignancy was 65% compared to 63% for FNA. The limitation to higher yield appears to be acquisition of sufficient tissue for histological analysis. The yield of FNB in repeat sampling is low suggesting that combined FNA &amp; FNB should be performed in such situations, ideally with on site microscopy assessment to ensure adequate tissue acquisition. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Alternative pathway of complement in multiple myeloma
Authors: Eric H. Kraut, Arthur L. Sagone
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1981)

Abstract The alternative pathway of complement was studied in 16 newly diagnosed and 2 previously treated patients with multiple myeloma. Functional activity of this pathway was abnormal in 10 of these 18 patients (55%). These abnormalities correlated with depressed levels of alternative pathway components in 3 of 10 patients, but in the remaining 7, no etiology was demonstrated. There was an inverse correlation between activity and concentration of the monoclonal protein. This defect is an additional factor that may predispose patients with myeloma to overwhelming infection.
Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Early Rise in Mean Corpuscular Volume
Authors: T. J. S. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  In the article by Charles A. Hall, MD (1981;245:1144), we do not dispute the fact that a high mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (normal range, 78 to 93 femtoliters [fL]) should alert a physician to the possibility of vitamin B12or folate deficiency; however, there are a multitude of other important causes of high MCV, some of which are liver disease, renal disease, hypothyroidism, blood regeneration, and malaria, to name a few.1  In our experience, which consists of a study of the vitamin B12status of 772 patients during a two-year period, 101 (13%) were found to have a low serum vitamin B12level. Of these 101 patients only four were found to have a high MCV (greater than 93 fL).  Conversely, in 45 patients of the 772 studied who had a high MCV, only five (11%) had a low vitamin B12serum
Drugs in sport: the pressure to perform
Authors: A D J Webborn
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

BMA, London: BMJ Publishing Group, 2002, £16.95, pp 165, softcover. ISBN 0727916068

This is a paperback book produced by the British Medical Association and is touted as “an invaluable aid.” I would beg to differ, and, in addition to several factual inaccuracies, the overall impression was that this had not been written by anyone who had been involved in the care of the elite athlete. Many can write a text by reviewing relevant material, but you can tell if the authors have an intimate working knowledge of the topic. When I looked at the names of the editors and contributing authors, I could not recognise any name as a doctor involved in elite sports medicine in the UK despite this being a British book. Furthermore, the topic of doping is ever evolving, and it will become increasingly inaccurate …
MOLECULAR IMAGING DEMONSTRATES ID3 MODULATES B LYMPHOCYTE HOMING TO ATHEROSCLEROSIS-PRONE REGIONS OF THE AORTA
Authors: Michael Lipinski, David K. Glover, Kimberly A. Kelly, Marcus D. Skaflen, Stephanie N. Oldham, James C. Garmey, Heather M. Perry, Amanda C. Doran, Coleen A. McNamara
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Malaria Burden and Artemisinin Resistance in the Mobile and Migrant Population on the Thai–Myanmar Border, 1999–2011: An Observational Study
Authors: Verena I. Carrara, Khin Maung Lwin, Aung Pyae Phyo, Elizabeth Ashley, Jacher Wiladphaingern, Kanlaya Sriprawat, Marcus Rijken, Machteld Boel, Rose McGready, Stephane Proux, Cindy Chu, Pratap Singhasivanon, Nicholas White, François Nosten
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

Background The Shoklo Malaria Research Unit has been working on the Thai–Myanmar border for 25 y providing early diagnosis and treatment (EDT) of malaria. Transmission of Plasmodium falciparum has declined, but resistance to artesunate has emerged. We expanded malaria activities through EDT and evaluated the impact over a 12-y period. Methods and Findings Between 1 October 1999 and 30 September 2011, the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit increased the number of cross-border (Myanmar side) health facilities from two to 11 and recorded the number of malaria consultations. Changes in malaria incidence were estimated from a cohort of pregnant women, and prevalence from cross-sectional surveys. In vivo and in vitro antimalarial drug efficacy were monitored. Over this period, the number of malaria cases detected increased initially, but then declined rapidly. In children under 5 y, the percentage of consultations due to malaria declined from 78% (95% CI 76–80) (1,048/1,344 consultations) to 7% (95% CI 6.2–7.1) (767/11,542 consultations), p<0.001. The ratio of P. falciparum/P. vivax declined from 1.4 (95% CI 1.3–1.4) to 0.7 (95% CI 0.7–0.8). The case fatality rate was low (39/75,126; 0.05% [95% CI 0.04–0.07]). The incidence of malaria declined from 1.1 to 0.1 episodes per pregnant women-year. The cumulative proportion of P. falciparum decreased significantly from 24.3% (95% CI 21.0–28.0) (143/588 pregnant women) to 3.4% (95% CI 2.8–4.3) (76/2,207 pregnant women), p<0.001. The in vivo efficacy of mefloquine-artesunate declined steadily, with a sharp drop in 2011 (day-42 PCR-adjusted cure rate 42% [95% CI 20–62]). The proportion of patients still slide positive for malaria at day 3 rose from 0% in 2000 to reach 28% (95% CI 13–45) (8/29 patients) in 2011. Conclusions Despite the emergence of resistance to artesunate in P. falciparum, the strategy of EDT with artemisinin-based combination treatments has been associated with a reduction in malaria in the migrant population living on the Thai–Myanmar border. Although limited by its observational nature, this study provides useful data on malaria burden in a strategically crucial geographical area. Alternative fixed combination treatments are needed urgently to replace the failing first-line regimen of mefloquine and artesunate. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Mapping of the immunodominant T cell epitopes of the protein topoisomerase I
Authors: S Veeraraghavan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Objectives:</b> To identify the immunodominant T cell epitopes of the topoisomerase I protein in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and control subjects, using computational analysis software (TEPITOPE) and T cell proliferation assays. <b>Methods:</b> Six oligopeptides, predicted by TEPITOPE software as potential topoisomerase protein epitopes, were used to perform T cell proliferation assays in 21 patients with SSc and 15 healthy controls. <b>Results:</b> A positive response to at least one of the peptides was seen in 10/21 patients and 7/15 healthy controls. Among responders, the proliferative response was limited to a single peptide in 6/7 healthy controls, whereas 5/10 patients responded to more than one peptide. In responding patients a significant correlation was found between disease duration and number of peptides inducing a response (p = 0.007). <b>Conclusions:</b> Several T cell epitopes of the topoisomerase I protein have been identified and evidence has been found to suggest epitope spreading in patients with SSc.
The WHO Pandemic Influenza Preparedness Framework
Authors: David P. Fidler, Lawrence O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA (2011)

AFTER YEARS OF NEGOTIATIONS, THE WORLD HEALTH Organization (WHO) reached agreement on a pandemic influenza preparedness (PIP) framework for the sharing of influenza viruses and access to vaccines and other benefits in April 2011. The framework addresses a troubling controversy—should lowand middleincome countries share influenza virus specimens with WHO without assurances that benefits derived from sharing will be equitably distributed? During the avian influenza A(H5N1) outbreaks in late 2006, Indonesia refused to share virus specimens with WHO, claiming it was unfair to give pharmaceutical companies access. Industry would use viruses to patent vaccines and antiviral medications that Indonesia could not afford. Indonesia asserted sovereignty over viruses isolated within its territory, grounded on the Convention on Biological Diversity. Indonesia also argued that the 2005 International Health Regulations did not require states to share H5N1 viruses. The international community feared that Indonesia’s refusal to share would impede surveillance and response, particularly because Asia was the epicenter of the global H5N1 outbreak. Serious health and political repercussions could result if states failed to cooperate when confronting a common threat. In May 2007, WHO member states commenced negotiations on virus and benefit sharing to strengthen influenza surveillance and response. Negotiations in intergovernmental meetings and an open-ended working group proved difficult—the problems were complex and states had divergent interests, particularly on intellectual property rights. The 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic deepened developing-country mistrust because vaccines were not equitably shared. In October 2010, Convention on Biological Diversity parties reasserted state sovereignty over biological materials within their territories. Finally, after nearly 4 years of arduous negotiations, WHO’s director-general announced the WHO pandemic framework on April 16, and the World Health Assembly approved it in May. PIP Framework