tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2359: Using the glycolytic inhibitor 2-fluorodeoxy-D-glucose, a novel glycolytic inhibitor approach to target the chemoresistant, hypoxic cell population in advanced LHBETATAG retinal tumors
Authors: Yolanda Pina, Christina L. Decatur, Samuel Houston, Timothy G. Murray, Nikesh Shah, Theodore Lampidis
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose: The aim of the current study is to assess the impact of 2-fluorodeoxy-D-glucose on tumor burden and hypoxia in the LHBETATAG retinal tumors. Methods: The study protocol was approved by the University of Miami Institutional Animal Care and Use Review Board Committee and the ARVO Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research. 17-week-old (n=54) LHBETATAG transgenic mice were treated with 2-fluorodeoxy-D-glucose or saline control. These animals received three different treatments. They were treated: (1) with one injection and sacrificed at one day post-treatment, (2) with one injection and sacrificed at one week post-treatment, or (3) twice a week for three weeks and sacrificed at one day post-last injection. At the time of enucleation, all eye samples were snap frozen and analyzed for tumor burden and hypoxia using immunohistochemical techniques. Average densities of the different groups were statistically analyzed using ANOVA. Results were considered significant if p≤ 0.05. Results: There was no apparent toxicity associated with 2-fluorodeoxy-D-glucose treatment. There was a significant reduction in tumor burden following treatment with 2-fluorodeoxy-D-glucose at 1 day (86%) and 3 weeks (63%) post-treatment (p≤0.05). There was no reduction of tumor burden observed when mice were treated with 1 injection and eyes harvested at 1 week post-treament (2%, p=0.0640). There was a significant reduction of hypoxia areas following treatment with 2-fluorodeoxy-D-glucose at 1 day (100%) and 3 weeks (75%) post-treatment (p≤0.05). There was an increase in hypoxia of 12% following treatment at 1 week post-injection, but this increase was not statistically significant. Conclusions: 2-FDG significantly reduces tumor burden and tumor hypoxia following a single injection, with continued efficacy following repeated injections for 3 weeks. 2-FDG treatment is efficacious in murine retinoblastoma tumors and may enhance tumor control when combined with other therapies. 2-FDG appears to target hypoxic cells, a population that has been resistant to chemotherapy and radiation. Additionally, 2-FDG is commonly used in medical imaging and does not pose significant toxicities. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2359. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2359
The controlled clinical trial and the advance of reliable knowledge
Authors: D. H Spodick
Journal: BMJ (1983)

FIG 2-Month of onset and travel history in cases of legionella infection in Scotland 1981-2.least five of the cases were fatal.There were no nosocomial infections.Figure 2 shows association with travel.Of the 13 patients who were infected abroad seven were infected in Spain, three in Portugal, one in Corfu, one in Italy, and one in Majorca.Although there had been no clear seasonal instance of legionella infections in Scotland before 1982, apart from association with travel, in 1982 of the 22 sporadic cases, 11 occurred in August, two in September, and five in October, making a total of 18 of the sporadic cases (82%) occurring in the second six months of the year.
Ethnic characteristics of eyelashes: a comparative analysis in Asian and Caucasian females
Authors: J.I. Na, O.S. Kwon, B.J. Kim, W.S. Park, J.K. Oh, K.H. Kim, K.H. Cho, H.C. Eun
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Despite similar biochemical composition of human hair between races, physico-morphological characteristics are not identical in different ethnic groups. Eyelashes have been investigated far less than scalp hair, and the information available is insufficient.To obtain basic information about eyelashes and to clarify differences between female eyelashes in Asians and Caucasians.Twenty Asian and 10 white Caucasian female volunteers aged between 20 and 29 years were admitted to the study. Lateral digital photographs of upper eyelashes were taken and curl-up and lift-up angles of upper eyelashes were measured from lateral views. Images of upper eyelashes were also taken using the phototrichogram technique and total numbers, lengths and thicknesses of upper eyelashes were obtained (a total of 4661 eyelashes; 2946 for Asian, 1715 for Caucasian). The central portion of the eyelashes or whole eyelashes were clipped and images were taken immediately and 7 days later to obtain the growth rate and anagen ratio of upper eyelashes. Numbers and thickness of eyelash cuticular layers were obtained by electron microscopy.Compared with Caucasians, Asian eyelashes revealed lower lift-up and curl-up angles, fewer numbers and a thicker transverse diameter. However, no statistical difference was observed in length or growth rate. Duration of anagen was estimated at about 2 months. The eyelash anagen ratio obtained from five Asians was 17.8 +/- 3.3%. By electron microscopy, the number of cuticular layers in transverse section was greater in Asian (8.0 +/- 1.2) than Caucasian females (6.5 +/- 1.1), but no statistical difference was found in single cuticle layer thickness between the two groups. Moreover, eyelash characteristics were not influenced by eye makeup in either race.Our results on eyelash morphology and growth characteristics demonstrated significant ethnic differences in Asian and Caucasian females that could provide basic information for future investigations.
Contact With Mental Health and Primary Care Providers Before Suicide: A Review of the Evidence
Authors: Jason B. Luoma, Catherine E. Martin, Jane L. Pearson
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

OBJECTIVE: This study examined rates of contact with primary care and mental health care professionals by individuals before they died by suicide. METHOD: The authors reviewed 40 studies for which there was information available on rates of health care contact and examined age and gender differences among the subjects. RESULTS: Contact with primary care providers in the time leading up to suicide is common. While three of four suicide victims had contact with primary care providers within the year of suicide, approximately one-third of the suicide victims had contact with mental health services. About one in five suicide victims had contact with mental health services within a month before their suicide. On average, 45% of suicide victims had contact with primary care providers within 1 month of suicide. Older adults had higher rates of contact with primary care providers within 1 month of suicide than younger adults. CONCLUSIONS: While it is not known to what degree contact with mental health care and primary care providers can prevent suicide, the majority of individuals who die by suicide do make contact with primary care providers, particularly older adults. Given that this pattern is consistent with overall health-service-seeking, alternate approaches to suicide-prevention efforts may be needed for those less likely to be seen in primary care or mental health specialty care, specifically young men.
905-56 Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography in the Detection of Significant Stenosis of the Infarct Related Artery Following Acute Myocardial Infarction: Comparison of Wall Motion Changes, Symptoms, and ECG Changes
Authors: Thomas Knickelbine, Thomas R. Stoiber, Steven C. Smart, John C. Wynsen, Kiran B. Sagar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Intralesional treatment of alopecia areata with triamcinolone acetonide by jet injector
Authors: E. ABELL, D.D. MUNRO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Eighty-four patients with alopecia areata of varying degree have been treated by intralesional injections of triamcinolone acetonide, using a needleless injector (Porto-Jet). Results indicate that, in limited alopecia, a high proportion will produce a rapid regrowth of hair. In established alopecia totalis, lasting hair growth is exceptional.
DC-HIL/Glycoprotein Nmb Promotes Growth of Melanoma in Mice by Inhibiting the Activation of Tumor-Reactive T Cells
Authors: Mizuki Tomihari, Jin-Sung Chung, Hideo Akiyoshi, Ponciano D. Cruz, Kiyoshi Ariizumi
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract DC-HIL/glycoprotein nmb (Gpnmb) expressed on antigen-presenting cells attenuates T-cell activation by binding to syndecan-4 (SD-4) on activated T cells. Because DC-HIL/Gpnmb is expressed abundantly by mouse and human melanoma lines, we posited that melanoma-associated DC-HIL/Gpnmb exerts similar inhibitory function on melanoma-reactive T cells. We generated small interfering RNA–transfected B16F10 melanoma cells to completely knock down DC-HIL/Gpnmb expression, with no alteration in cell morphology, melanin synthesis, or MHC class I expression. This knockdown had no effect on B16F10 proliferation in vitro or entry into the cell cycle following growth stimulation, but it markedly reduced the growth of these cells in vivo following their s.c. injection into syngeneic immunocompetent (but not immunodeficient) mice. This reduction in tumor growth was due most likely to an augmented capacity of DC-HIL–knocked down B16F10 cells (compared with controls) to activate melanoma-reactive T cells as documented in vitro and in mice. Whereas DC-HIL knockdown had no effect on susceptibility of melanoma to killing by cytotoxic T cells, blocking SD-4 function enhanced the reactivity of CD8+ T cells to melanoma-associated antigens on parental B16F10 cells. Using an assay examining the spread to the lung following i.v. injection, DC-HIL–knocked down cells produced lung foci at similar numbers compared with that produced by control cells, but the size of the former foci was significantly smaller than the latter. We conclude that DC-HIL/Gpnmb confers upon melanoma the ability to downregulate the activation of melanoma-reactive T cells, thereby allowing melanoma to evade immunologic recognition and destruction. As such, the DC-HIL/SD-4 pathway is a potentially useful target for antimelanoma immunotherapy. Cancer Res; 70(14); 5778–87. ©2010 AACR.
26 nations join US Global Health Security Agenda
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Representatives of 26 nations met in Washington, DC, on 13 February to join a new US initiative on the threat of infectious diseases.

The Global Health Security Agenda will include programs to help countries develop national infectious disease laboratories, public health electronic reporting systems, and emergency operations centers.

Kathleen Sebelius, US Secretary of Health and Human Services, said that the initiative was necessary because the world’s growing interconnectedness allowed dangerous pathogens …
FACTORS OF RESISTANCE TO HETEROPLASTIC TISSUE-GRAFTING
Authors: James B. Murphy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1914)

It has been shown that the chick embryo offers suitable conditions for the growth of implanted tissues, whether these be embryonic or adult, of the same species or a foreign one. The chick at about the time of hatching develops a defensive mechanism against the tissue of foreign species. This resistance can be supplied to the embryo in the early stages if grafts of adult spleen or bone marrow are implanted. Under these conditions the embryo exhibits the same resistance to foreign tissue as does the adult, and presents the same histological manifestations about the graft. Furthermore, the same tissues, spleen and bone marrow, when grafted into an embryo with an established and growing rat tumor, bring about a retrogression and absorption of the foreign tissue. Other adult tissues do not supply this power to the embryo.
Experimental Myocardial Infarction
Authors: RAJ KUMAR, G. V.R.K. SHARMA, FAROUK A. MOLOKHIA, JOHN C. NORMAN, A. N. INAMDAR, JOSEPH V. MESSER, WALTER H. ABELMANN, WILLIAM B. HOOD
Journal: Circulation (1972)

This study was designed to test the efficacy of glucagon in the treatment of hemodynamic abnormalities of acute and healing experimental canine myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction was produced in intact, conscious dogs by gradual inflation of a balloon cuff device implanted around the left anterior descending coronary artery 1 to 2 weeks prior to the study. Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of 50 µg/kg of glucagon were assessed serially in the control state, 1 hour after myocardial infarction and again 1 week later. In the control state glucagon improved cardiac performance and increased myocardial oxygen consumption. One hour after acute myocardial infarction glucagon improved cardiac performance and reduced the degree of left ventricular failure, without any increase in myocardial oxygen consumption. Similar effects of glucagon were noted in the healing phase of myocardial infarction. It is postulated that in this animal model in the presence of heart failure due to myocardial infarction there are reciprocal changes in the factors that increase myocardial oxygen consumption (glucagon-induced inotropy) and decrease oxygen consumption (fall in ventricular end-diastolic volume and wall stress), resulting in no net change in oxygen requirement.
Long-Term Persistence of Activated Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes after Viral Infection of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Simon Hawke, Philip G. Stevenson, Samantha Freeman, Charles R.M. Bangham
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Mice intranasally inoculated with influenza A/X-31 are protected against a subsequent intracerebral challenge with the neurovirulent influenza A/WSN and this heterotypic protection is mediated by CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes. We have studied the kinetics of this secondary immune response and found that despite the elimination of replication-competent virus by day 10, we were able to recover activated influenza-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) that killed freshly ex vivo from the brains of mice for at least 320 d after the intracerebral inoculation. The activated antiviral CTLs expressed high levels of the early activation marker CD69, suggesting continuing TCR signaling despite a lack of viral protein and major histocompatibility complex staining by immunohistochemistry in the brain parenchyma and barely detectable levels of viral nucleic acid by single and two-step reverse transcription PCR. Local persistence of activated lymphocytes may be important for efficient long-term responses to viruses prone to recrudesce in sites of relative immune privilege.
OC-027 Does the organisation of services in a geographically diverse region have impact upon delivery of end of life care for patients with upper GI cancer?
Authors: A Jones, R Coggins, J Godsman
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The Scottish government “Living and Dying Well” action plan aims to ensure that end of life care needs are recognised in all care settings. This study aims to examine end of life care for Upper GI cancer patients, diagnosed within the geographically diverse region that comprises NHS Highland. Following diagnosis, do we get patients home, and do they die at home? <h3>Methods</h3> E-Case Cancer Audit, Cancer Waiting Times Submissions, General Register Office Death and Cancer Registry databases were searched using ICD10 codes for upper GI cancer (ICD10 C15–C17 and C22–C25) for years 2005–2010. Place of death for patients diagnosed within NHS Highland was identified and recorded as one of: home, hospital, hospice or “other institution”. This data were then compared with Scottish national data for all cancers, compiled and published by Information Services Division, Scotland. <h3>Results</h3> 978 patients were diagnosed with upper GI cancer in the study period. Place of death was not known in 298 patients and these were therefore excluded from further analysis. Of the remaining 680 patients 237 (34.9%) died at home, 295 (43.4%) died in hospital, 96 (14.1%) died in hospice and 49 (7.2%) died in another institution. Of 75 522 cancer deaths in Scotland between 2004 and 2008 24.3% died at home, 51.9% died in hospital, 17.6% died in hospice and 6.2% died in another institution. Using χ<sup>2</sup> testing with Yates9 correction, differences between NHS Highland and national data show highly significant differences in both “at home” and “in hospital” deaths (p&lt;0.0001). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Despite government initiatives, over half of cancer patients in Scotland still die in hospital and just under a quarter die at home. In our study group fewer patients die in hospital and more—over one third—die at home. Despite the challenges of geography and transport links in the north of Scotland, the ability to deliver complex care and end of life planning for patients with Upper GI cancer is not adversely affected. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>Reference</h3> 1. <b>Information Services Division</b>. <i>Living and Dying Well: A National Action Plan For Palliative And End Of Life Care In Scotland</i>. Scotland: NHS National Services, 2008. http://www isdscotland.org. ISBN 9780755958894.
Induced Abortions in Danish Cancer Survivors: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: J. F. Winther, J. D. Boice, A. L. Svendsen, K. Frederiksen, J. H. Olsen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2009)

To learn whether female cancer survivors are more likely to terminate a pregnancy by choice than other women, the occurrence of induced abortions was determined in a population-based cohort of 1688 childhood cancer survivors. Proportion ratios (PRs) were estimated from the ratio of the proportion of pregnancies that resulted in induced abortions among the survivors (or 16 700 randomly selected population control subjects) to the proportion among 2737 sisters of the survivors. The proportion of induced abortions among survivors (292 of 1479 [19.7%]) was marginally higher but not statistically significantly different from that among sisters (961 of 5092 [18.9%]; PR = 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.96 to 1.22) and similar to that of the population control subjects (5505 of 27 989 [19.7%]; PR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.14). Survivors were not more likely than sisters and population control subjects to elect a second-trimester abortion because of physical and mental conditions or fetal abnormalities.
All troops sent to Gulf should be randomised to receive anthrax vaccination or placebo
Authors: A. R Ness, I. Harvey, D. Gunnell, G. D. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—The British ministry of defence announced recently that a new group of British troops are to be offered anthrax vaccination in preparation for service in the Gulf.1 The secretary of state for defence was vaccinated on camera as part of an effort to convince service personnel and the public that this vaccination is safe.

It would have been far more impressive if …
Relation Between Cirrhosis and Trace Metal Content of Liver
Authors: A. H. Hunt, R. M. Parr, D. M. Taylor, N. G. Trott
Journal: BMJ (1963)

A total of 267 hospital in-patients were examined for splinter haemorrhages.These were present in 51 (19.1 %).They were found to occur more often in those patients whose occupations or activities exposed their hands to frequent trauma.They were also found more often in those patients who had recently been admitted to hospital, their incidence tending to decrease with increasing length of duration in hospital.It is suggested that they may be traumatic in origin.Other details which were recorded-namely, age, sex, temperature, blood-pressure, capillary fragility, and haematuria-were apparently irrelevant.
To know a fly
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1963)

At the present time zoologists have in large part lost contact with "nature" in the older 19th-century sense. Modern zoology seems wedded to chemistry and physics, with a houseful of alreadyadult daughter sciences, and roomfuls of electronic furniture. It is consequently a matter of great satisfaction when we find a highly sophisticated biologist who not only presents the achievements of modern zoology but at the same time preserves the virtues of the old-time naturalist and who, as a special bonus, is also a talented writer bringing charm and wit to his pages. Professor Dethier, a specialist in insect physiology at the University of Pennsylvania, writes about flies, their anatomical structures and physiological functions, their habits and instincts, modes of integration and adaptation. He discusses them as whole organisms interacting with their environment, as well as composites of separate organs and functions. The book would come under the category of "popular
EWS–WT1 Oncoprotein Activates Neuronal Reprogramming Factor ASCL1 and Promotes Neural Differentiation
Authors: Hong-Jun Kang, Jun Hong Park, WeiPing Chen, Soo Im Kang, Krzysztof Moroz, Marc Ladanyi, Sean Bong Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The oncogenic fusion gene EWS–WT1 is the defining chromosomal translocation in desmoplastic small round-cell tumors (DSRCT), a rare but aggressive soft tissue sarcoma with a high rate of mortality. EWS–WT1 functions as an aberrant transcription factor that drives tumorigenesis, but the mechanistic basis for its pathogenic activity is not well understood. To address this question, we created a transgenic mouse strain that permits physiologic expression of EWS–WT1 under the native murine Ews promoter. EWS–WT1 expression led to a dramatic induction of many neuronal genes in embryonic fibroblasts and primary DSRCT, most notably the neural reprogramming factor ASCL1. Mechanistic analyses demonstrated that EWS–WT1 directly bound the proximal promoter of ASCL1, activating its transcription through multiple WT1-responsive elements. Conversely, EWS–WT1 silencing in DSRCT cells reduced ASCL1 expression and cell viability. Notably, exposure of DSRCT cells to neuronal induction media increased neural gene expression and induced neurite-like projections, both of which were abrogated by silencing EWS–WT1. Taken together, our findings reveal that EWS–WT1 can activate neural gene expression and direct partial neural differentiation via ASCL1, suggesting agents that promote neural differentiation might offer a novel therapeutic approach to treat DSRCT. Cancer Res; 74(16); 4526–35. ©2014 AACR.
Keratin 18 overexpression but not phosphorylation or filament organization blocks mouse Mallory body formation
Authors: Masaru Harada, Pavel Strnad, Evelyn Z. Resurreccion, Nam-On Ku, Bishr M. Omary
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Several human liver diseases are associated with formation of Mallory body (MB) inclusions. These hepatocyte cytoplasmic deposits are composed primarily of hyperphosphorylated keratins 8 and 18 (K8/K18). Feeding a 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC)-containing diet is a well-established mouse model of MBs. K8 overexpression, and K8-null or K18-null mouse models, indicate that a K8-greater-than-K18 expression ratio is critical for MB formation. We used established transgenic mouse models to study the effect of K18 overexpression and phosphorylation, or keratin filament disorganization, on MB formation. Five mouse lines were used: nontransgenic, those that overexpress wild-type K18 or the K18 phosphorylation mutants Ser33-to-Ala (S33A) or Ser52-to-Ala (S52A), and mice that overexpress K18 Arg89-to-Cys, which causes collapse of the keratin filament network into dots. DDC feeding induced MBs in nontransgenic livers, but MBs were rarely seen in any of the K18 transgenic mice. Wild-type K18 overexpression protected mice from DDC-induced liver injury. Conclusion: K18 overexpression protects mice from MB formation and from DDC-induced liver injury, which supports the importance of the K8-to-K18 ratio in MB formation. The effect of K18 on MB formation is independent of hepatocyte keratin filament organization or K18 Ser33/Ser52 phosphorylation. Keratin filament collapse, which is a major risk for acute liver injury, is well tolerated in the context of chronic DDC-mediated liver injury. Hepatology 2007;45:88–96.)