tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus oncoprotein Tax represses TGF-β1 signaling in human T cells via c-Jun activation: a potential mechanism of HTLV-I leukemogenesis
Authors: Bertrand Arnulf, Aude Villemain, Christophe Nicot, Elodie Mordelet, Pierre Charneau, Joëlle Kersual, Yaël Zermati, Alain Mauviel, Ali Bazarbachi, Olivier Hermine
Journal: Blood (2002)
Inhibiting retinoic acid signaling ameliorates graft-versus-host disease by modifying T-cell differentiation and intestinal migration
Authors: Kazutoshi Aoyama, Asim Saha, Jakub Tolar, Megan J. Riddle, Rachelle G. Veenstra, Patricia A. Taylor, Rune Blomhoff, Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari, Christopher A. Klebanoff, Gérard Socié, David H. Munn, William J. Murphy, Jonathan S. Serody, LeShara M. Fulton, Takanori Teshima, Roshantha A. Chandraratna, Ethan Dmitrovsky, Yanxia Guo, Randolph J. Noelle, Bruce R. Blazar
Journal: Blood (2013)
Interferon beta 1, an intermediate in the tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced increased MHC class I expression and an autocrine regulator of the constitutive MHC class I expression.
Authors: J F Leeuwenberg, J van Damme, G M Jeunhomme, W A Buurman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

In conclusion, our observations indicate that the constitutive MHC class I expression is regulated by autocrine production of IFN-beta 1. TNF-alpha acts as an enhancer of the autocrine production of IFN-beta 1, and consequently as an enhancer of the MHC class I expression and viral protection.
Systemic TNFα Gene Therapy Synergizes With Liposomal Doxorubicine in the Treatment of Metastatic Cancer
Authors: Baowei Su, Arzu Cengizeroglu, Katarina Farkasova, Joana R. Viola, Martina Anton, Joachim W. Ellwart, Rudolf Haase, Ernst Wagner, Manfred Ogris
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a potent antitumoral cytokine, either killing tumor cells directly or affecting the tumor vasculature leading to enhanced accumulation of macromolecular drugs. Due to dose limiting side effects systemic administration of TNFα protein at therapeutically active doses is precluded. With gene vectors, tumor restricted TNFα expression can be achieved and in principle synergize with chemotherapy. Synthetic gene carriers based on polyamines were intravenously injected, which either passively accumulate within the tumor or specifically target the epidermal growth factor receptor. A single intravenous injection of TNFα gene vector promoted accumulation of liposomal doxorubicine (Doxil) in murine neuroblastoma and human hepatoma by enhancing tumor endothelium permeability. The expression of transgenic TNFα was restricted to tumor tissue. Three treatment cycles with TNFα gene vectors and Doxil significantly delayed tumor growth in subcutaneous murine Neuro2A neuroblastoma. Also tumors re-growing after initial treatment were successfully treated in a fourth cycle pointing at the absence of resistance mechanisms. Systemic Neuro2A metastases or human LS174T colon carcinoma metastases in liver were also successfully treated with this combined approach. In conclusion, this schedule opens the possibility for the efficient treatment of tumors metastases otherwise not accessible for macromolecular drug carriers.
Artificial Respiration in the Therapy of Primary Varicella Pneumonia
Authors: Joseph D. DiMase, Robert Groover, John E. Allen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

THE primary purpose of this report is to describe the use of the tank-type respirator in the treatment of primary varicella pneumonia. A brief review of the literature on the clinical features of this disease will be presented.This review reveals that over 66 cases of primary varicella pneumonia have been reported since 1942.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 All but 5 cases2 , 10 , 13 have been in adults nineteen to seventy-one years of age. The disease ranges in severity from a mild involvement of the respiratory tract, with cough as the prominent symptom, to a severe and not infrequently fatal illness with striking tachypnea, dyspnea and . . .
AHEC of a Deal in South Texas
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1991)

THE LARGEST first-year funding ever granted by the federal Health Resources and Services Administration is now being implemented in the Lone Star State. In October 1990, $3.1 million was given to the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA) and cooperating schools and communities to establish an Area Health Education Center (AHEC) for the Lower Rio Grande Valley and South Texas.  purpose of the 3-year grant (which is expected to become a 9-year program) is to expand health care and enhance health manpower in the valley and along the Texas-Mexico border, where 3 million Mexican Americans live. Many of them are medically uninsured or underinsured.  Ciro V. Sumaya, MD, MPH, a Mexican American who is from Brownsville, Tex, and is now director of the South Texas Health Research Center at UTHSCSA, says, The AHEC concept is quite significant because it involves a partnership between a health
A prospective, randomized trial comparing combination half-dose tissue-type plasminogen activator and streptokinase with full-dose tissue-type plasminogen activator. Kentucky Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial (KAMIT) Group.
Authors: C L Grines, S E Nissen, D C Booth, J C Gurley, N Chelliah, R Wolf, J Blankenship, M C Branco, K Bennett, A N DeMaria
Journal: Circulation (1991)

The potential benefits of combination thrombolytic agents in the treatment of myocardial infarction remain uncertain. In a small pilot study, we demonstrated that combining half-dose tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) with streptokinase (SK) achieved a high rate of infarct vessel patency and a low rate of reocclusion at half the cost of full-dose t-PA.We designed a prospective trial in which 216 patients were randomized within 6 hours of myocardial infarction to receive either the combination of half-dose (50 mg) t-PA with streptokinase (1.5 MU) during 1 hour or to the conventional dose of t-PA (100 mg) during 3 hours. Acute patency was determined by angiography at 90 minutes, and angioplasty was reserved for failed thrombolysis. Heparin and aspirin regimens were maintained until follow-up catheterization at day 7. Acute patency was significantly greater after t-PA/SK (79%) than with t-PA alone (64%, p less than 0.05). After angioplasty for failed thrombolysis, acute patency increased to 96% in both groups. Marked depletion of serum fibrinogen levels occurred after t-PA/SK compared with t-PA alone at 4 hours (37 +/- 36 versus 199 +/- 66 mg/dl, p less than 0.0001) and persisted 24 hours after therapy (153 +/- 66 versus 252 +/- 75 mg/dl, p less than 0.0001). Reocclusion (3% versus 10%, p = 0.06), reinfarction (0% versus 4%, p less than 0.05), and need for emergency bypass surgery (1% versus 6%, p = 0.05) tended to be less in the t-PA/SK group. Greater myocardial salvage was apparent in the t-PA/SK group as assessed by infarct zone function at day 7 (-1.9 SD/chord versus -2.3 SD/chord after t-PA alone, p less than 0.05). In-hospital mortality (6% versus 4%) and serious bleeding (12% versus 11%) were similar between the two groups.These results suggest that a less expensive regimen of half-dose t-PA with SK yields superior 90-minute patency and left ventricular function and a trend toward reduced reocclusion compared with the conventional dose of t-PA.
THE PLAGUE IN AMERICAN CITIES.
Authors: N. K. FOSTER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

To the American physician of the last generation "plague" meant but very little. If he had a particularly active imagination and especially if he had read some of the thrilling accounts of the terrible epidemic, he saw an infected city where the workmen were stricken at the bench, the banqueter at the table; where the ties of kinship were forgotten in the general alarm; where people fell dead on the streets without warning, and where the well were too few to remove the dead. This picture could hardly be too strong for the truth, but it was general and carried nothing of a special nature. Physicians saw nothing of the cause of the disease, nothing of the symptoms—only the result. Our text-books almost wholly ignored the question, and our teachers referred to it, if at all, as something we would never see unless we traveled in the far East. We
Antibodies to Epstein-Barr Virus in 50 Patients With Thymic Tumor
Authors: C. Perronne, T. Ooka, G. Decaussin, G. De The, S. Berrih-Aknin, J. M. Verley
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has a pharyngeal tropism and represents an initial cofactor in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.<sup>1</sup>The report of an association of EBV with a "lymphoepitheliomalike" thymic carcinoma, a tumor that involves tissues that originate from the primitive pharynx, caused us to investigatea series of patients with thymic tumors.<sup>2,3</sup> We determined the titers of antibodies to EBV in the serum samples from 50 patients, aged 28 to 78 years, with thymic tumors. These consisted of 13 benign thymomas, 26 malignant thymomas, 5 thymic carcinomas, and 6 lymphomas with thymic localization, including 5 patients with Hodgkin's disease. The antibodies assayed by immunofluorescence were IgG to the viral capsid antigen (VCA), antibodies to the EBV nuclear antigen, IgG antibody to the early antigen, and IgM antibody to VCA (Table). As can be seen, IgG antibody to early antigen, which usually reflects replication of the virus, was detectable in 5 (38%) of 13 patients with a benign thymoma but in 26 (70%) of 37 patients with one of the three types of malignant tumors (<i>P</i>&lt;.05). Low titers of IgM antibody to VCA, usually only present during the primary EBV infection, were
Antioxidant Supplementation and Cancer Prevention
Authors: Maarten C. Bosland, David L. McCormick
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Remodeling of T-Tubules and Reduced Synchrony of Ca <sup>2+</sup> Release in Myocytes From Chronically Ischemic Myocardium
Authors: Frank R. Heinzel, Virginie Bito, Liesbeth Biesmans, Ming Wu, Elke Detre, Frederik von Wegner, Piet Claus, Steven Dymarkowski, Frederik Maes, Jan Bogaert, Frank Rademakers, Jan D’hooge, Karin Sipido
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

In ventricular cardiac myocytes, T-tubule density is an important determinant of the synchrony of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release and could be involved in the reduced SR Ca2+ release in ischemic cardiomyopathy. We therefore investigated T-tubule density and properties of SR Ca2+ release in pigs, 6 weeks after inducing severe stenosis of the circumflex coronary artery (91+/-3%, N=13) with myocardial infarction (8.8+/-2.0% of total left ventricular mass). Severe dysfunction in the infarct and adjacent myocardium was documented by magnetic resonance and Doppler myocardial velocity imaging. Myocytes isolated from the adjacent myocardium were compared with myocytes from the same region in weight-matched control pigs. T-tubule density quantified from the di-8-ANEPPS (di-8-butyl-amino-naphthyl-ethylene-pyridinium-propyl-sulfonate) sarcolemmal staining was decreased by 27+/-7% (P<0.05). Synchrony of SR Ca2+ release (confocal line scan images during whole-cell voltage clamp) was reduced in myocardium myocytes. Delayed release (ie, half-maximal [Ca2+]i occurring later than 20 ms) occurred at 35.5+/-6.4% of the scan line in myocardial infarction versus 22.7+/-2.5% in control pigs (P<0.05), prolonging the time to peak of the line-averaged [Ca2+]i transient (121+/-9 versus 102+/-5 ms in control pigs, P<0.05). Delayed release colocalized with regions of T-tubule rarefaction and could not be suppressed by activation of protein kinase A. The whole-cell averaged [Ca2+]i transient amplitude was reduced, whereas L-type Ca2+ current density was unchanged and SR content was increased, indicating a reduction in the gain of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release. In conclusion, reduced T-tubule density during ischemic remodeling is associated with reduced synchrony of Ca2+ release and reduced efficiency of coupling Ca2+ influx to Ca2+ release.
CpG-Depleted Plasmid DNA Vectors with Enhanced Safety and Long-Term Gene Expression in Vivo
Authors: Nelson S Yew, Hongmei Zhao, Malgorzata Przybylska, I-Huan Wu, Jennifer D Tousignant, Ronald K Scheule, Seng H Cheng
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2002)

Systemic delivery of cationic lipid-plasmid DNA (pDNA) complexes induces an acute inflammatory response with adverse hematologic changes and liver damage. Immunostimulatory CpG motifs in the pDNA are known to contribute substantially to this response. Here we constructed a pDNA vector (pGZB) that has been depleted of 80% of the CpG motifs present in the original vector. Compared with the unmodified vector, systemic administration of pGZB induced considerably fewer changes in blood parameters, reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines, and decreased liver damage. Despite the extensive sequence modifications within pGZB, there were still robust levels of transgene expression. Furthermore, in contrast to the transient expression observed from the unmodified vector, we observed sustained or increasing expression for up to 49 days from pGZB in the lung and liver of immunocompetent BALB/c mice. Studies adding CpG motifs in trans or in cis indicate that the reduced CpG content of pGZB was the major determinant for its persistent expression. This combination of decreased toxicity and sustained expression suggests that CpG-depleted pDNA vectors can greatly improve the safety and efficacy of synthetic gene delivery systems.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor or Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Use and Renal Outcomes
Authors: Laurie Tomlinson, Liam Smeeth
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

To the Editor The recent study by Hsu et al1 regarding the renoprotective effect of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade in patients with predialysis advanced chronic kidney disease, hypertension, and anemia is important but we believe that the findings should be interpreted with caution.
Just following advice
Authors: Hugo Wellesley
Journal: BMJ (2006)

particularly important to family medicine, students may be more attuned to mistreatment or perceive a broader range of behaviours as harassing or belittling.Alternatively they may have chosen family medicine as a reaction to harassment or belittlement encountered elsewhere, or experiences in family medicine may now be different.A smaller proportion of students from ethnic minorities reported harassment from their professors than did white students (with the exception of those classified as Native American or "other").In the women physicians' health study (n = 4501), whereas ethnically based harassment was higher in under-represented minorities, 7 Asian women doctors were least likely to report sexual or gender based harassment, and rates in black and Hispanic students were comparable to those in white students. 8 Given that previous research has documented a higher prevalence of harassing and discriminatory behaviours towards women medical students, w8 w14 w16-w18 the absence of a significant sex effect in our study is noteworthy.However, studies that have examined more general mistreatment or abuse among medical students have found far less disparity between sexes, w2 w5 and that sex based differences mainly occur for sexual harassment.w19 The lack of consistent, significant differences between the sexes in our sample probably results from students responding to incidents involving a range of dysfunctional practices than just sexual or gender based harassment.Although students with psychopathology may perform or perceive differently from other students, ours and others' data suggest that abusive behaviour, especially by authority figures, contributes to poor mental health.The women physicians' health study showed significantly more frequent histories of depression and suicide attempts among doctors who had experienced gender based or sexual harassment. 8A longitudinal cohort study of 137 medical students found that abuse was significantly related to most psychopathological outcomes, after controlling for pre-existing psychopathology.w21 Although few students believed that the incidents they had experienced were severe, the effects were personally and professionally significant.If students are to learn to behave ethically with colleagues and patients, we ourselves need to behave in an ethically appropriate and sensitive way.
Importance of reflux symptoms in functional dyspepsia.
Authors: P K Small, M A Loudon, B Waldron, D Smith, F C Campbell
Journal: Gut (1995)

The relation between symptom severity in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and quantitated oesophageal acid reflux is variable. Furthermore, when oesophageal acid exposure lies within the conventional normal range, the cause of the symptoms is unknown. This prospective study evaluated 24 hour ambulatory oesophageal pH profiles in relation to objective symptom scores in 100 dyspeptic patients who were free from ulcer and gall stones. Twenty patients had raised oesophageal acid exposure and reflux symptoms consistent with GORD, and 80 had oesophageal pH profiles within the conventional normal range. Forty four of the 80 had severe or moderate reflux symptoms and were classified as having reflux like functional dyspepsia (RFD); 36 had minimal or absent reflux symptoms, and were categorised as having non-reflux dyspepsia (NFD). While oesophageal pH profiles lay within the conventional normal range in both functional dyspepsia subgroups, patients with RFD had consistently greater acid exposure values as follows: mean (SEM) total oesophageal acid exposure time, RFD 16.2 (2.56) min v NFD 9.05 (2.0) min (p &lt; 0.03); percentage of time with pH &lt; 4, RFD 1.4 (0.2) v NFD 0.8 (0.2) (p &lt; 0.03); DeMeester scores, RFD 12.8 (0.5) v NFD 11.4 (0.4) (p &lt; 0.03). The RFD group had a pain/reflux event correlation of 23.8 (5.3)% v 8.1 (3.7)% for the NFD group (p &lt; 0.01). This study shows that patients with RFD have oesophageal acid exposure that lies below the diagnostic threshold for GORD, but exceeds that of patients with NFD. The high pain/reflux event correlation in RFD, suggests that subthreshold oesophageal acid exposure may be associated with troublesome reflux symptoms.
Author's reply to Bolsin and Colson, Nelson and colleagues, and Vallance-Owen
Authors: S. Westaby
Journal: BMJ (2014)

I thank Bolsin and Colson, Nelson and colleagues, and Vallance-Owen for widening the debate on surgeon specific mortality data.1 2 3 4

Writing from Australia, Bolsin and Colson want to retain focus on surgeon culpability.2 Bolsin should have disclosed that he was the anaesthetist who triggered the Bristol Inquiry. For the sake of the profession as a whole …
Effectiveness of Nonemergency Care Via an Emergency Room
Authors: ROBERT H. BROOK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

This study evaluated the care received by 166 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms seen in the Johns Hopkins Hospital Emergency Room and referred for X rays. Using data from chart reviews and patient interviews 4 months after the initial visit, the process of medical care and patients' functional capacities were measured. Seventy-five percent of the patients completed their X rays, and 44% of those X rayed and interviewed knew their results. Using explicit criteria, the process was judged adequate for 75 patients (45%). Of the 157 patients interviewed, 1 had died; 27 had the same or increased symptoms; 61 had fewer symptoms; 68 were asymptomatic; 53 were doing less work, 84 the same amount, and 19 more. No significant relationship was found between the adequacy of the medical care process and change in functional capacity. Combining these two indicators, quality of care was judged acceptable for 41 of 161 patients (25%).
Reluctance of general practitioners to become fundholders
Authors: R. Robinson, P. Hayter
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The reasons why general practitioners have chosen to become fundholders have been the subject of detailed research.12 In contrast, little systematic attention has been paid to the reasons why most general practitioners have chosen not to apply for fundholding. We conducted a series of in depth interviews to identify the attitudinal and organisational factors that had led a sample of general practitioners and practice managers to decide against applying for fundholding.

A sample of 19 practices known not to be contemplating applying for fundholding was selected from within the South and West Regional Health Authority. Practices were chosen to reflect a range of characteristics, including variations in the extent of fundholding in their areas. In 17 of the practices we interviewed the senior partner, one other partner, and the …
Anorectal contractility under basal conditions and during rectal infusion of saline in ulcerative colitis.
Authors: S S Rao, N W Read, J A Stobart, W G Haynes, S Benjamin, C D Holdsworth
Journal: Gut (1988)

Pressure activity in the rectum and anal canal was measured with a multilumen probe in 29 patients with ulcerative colitis (12 active, 11 quiescent, six studied during both phases) and 18 normal controls under resting conditions and during rectal infusion of saline. Resting motor activity was significantly decreased in patients with active colitis compared with quiescent colitis (p less than 0.005) and normal controls (p less than 0.001). Forty per cent of active colitics showed a featureless record compared with only one patient with quiescent colitis and one normal subject. The volume of saline infused before leakage occurred, and the total volume retained were significantly lower (p less than 0.001) in patients with active and quiescent colitis compared with normal controls. Rectal infusion of saline provoked regular rectal contractions, of significantly higher (p less than 0.05) amplitude in patients with active colitis, than in quiescent colitis or controls. These rectal contractions were associated with simultaneous anal relaxations. During saline infusion, peak and pressures were lower in patients with ulcerative colitis than in normal subjects, but there were no significant differences in relaxation pressures. In normal subjects, the rectal pressures remained below the anal pressures throughout the saline infusion. Peak rectal pressures exceeded the anal relaxation pressures during the last five minutes of saline infusion in patients with ulcerative colitis and throughout the infusion in those patients who complained of incontinence. Results suggest that although the resting rectal motor activity is diminished in patients with ulcerative colitis, luminal distension causes the inflamed rectum to generate abnormally strong contractions that may threaten continence.