tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
571 NOVEL MECHANISM OF ACTION OF ANTI-HBS ANTIBODIES IN SUPRESSING HBSAG AND VIRUS RELEASE FROM HEPATOMA CELLS
Authors: S. Phillips, S. Ijaz, A.U. Newman, R. Eren, S. Dagan, W. Rosenberg, S. Chokshi, N.V. Naoumov
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
The Golden Age of CME Is Yet to Come-Reply
Authors: Phil R. Manning
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We appreciate the thoughtful letters concerning CME. Dr Madigan points out that achievement of reasonably uniform standards that govern the organization and administration of CME has been facilitated by the Essentials and Guidelines of the Accreditation Council for CME. We are encouraged by Dr Madigan's statement that the pressure and demand for more courses have subsided and that sponsors may now focus on redirecting CME toward more individualized, practice-linked methods. The Physician's Recognition Award of the American Medical Association, since its early days, has emphasized individual learning; however, attendance at CME programs is the major way to validate CME participation. We hope that the Accreditation Council for CME will continue to explore additional methods of validation for practice-linked CME and that the Physician's Recognition Award will do the same. We agree with Drs Fisher, Scarpinato, and Govaker that it is difficult for physicians to learn procedures that have
Second infections independently increase mortality in hospitalized patients With cirrhosis: the north american consortium for the study of end-stage liver disease (NACSELD) experience
Authors: Jasmohan S. Bajaj, Jacqueline G. O'Leary, K. Rajender Reddy, Florence Wong, Jody C. Olson, Ram M. Subramanian, Geri Brown, Nicole A. Noble, Leroy R. Thacker, Patrick S. Kamath
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Bacterial infections are an important cause of mortality in cirrhosis, but there is a paucity of multicenter studies. The aim was to define factors predisposing to infection-related mortality in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis. A prospective, cohort study of patients with cirrhosis with infections was performed at eight North American tertiary-care hepatology centers. Data were collected on admission vitals, disease severity (model for endstage liver disease [MELD] and sequential organ failure [SOFA] scores), first infection site, type (community-acquired, healthcare-associated [HCA] or nosocomial), and second infection occurrence during hospitalization. The outcome was mortality within 30 days. A multivariate logistic regression model predicting mortality was created. 207 patients (55 years, 60% men, MELD 20) were included. Most first infections were HCA (71%), then nosocomial (15%) and community-acquired (14%). Urinary tract infections (52%), spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP, 23%) and spontaneous bacteremia (21%) formed the majority of the first infections. Second infections were seen in 50 (24%) patients and were largely preventable: respiratory, including aspiration (28%), urinary, including catheter-related (26%), fungal (14%), and Clostridium difficile (12%) infections. Forty-nine patients (23.6%) who died within 30 days had higher admission MELD (25 versus 18, P < 0.0001), lower serum albumin (2.4 g/dL versus 2.8 g/dL, P = 0.002), and second infections (49% versus 16%, P < 0.0001) but equivalent SOFA scores (9.2 versus 9.9, P = 0.86). The case fatality rate was highest for C. difficile (40%), respiratory (37.5%), and spontaneous bacteremia (37%), and lowest for SBP (17%) and urinary infections (15%). The model for mortality included admission MELD (odds ratio [OR]: 1.12), heart rate (OR: 1.03) albumin (OR: 0.5), and second infection (OR: 4.42) as significant variables.Potentially preventable second infections are predictors of mortality independent of liver disease severity in this multicenter cirrhosis cohort.
EFFECTS OF PRIMAQUINE ON THE RED BLOOD CELL MEMBRANE. II. K+ PERMEABILITY IN GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENT ERYTHROCYTES*
Authors: Robert I. Weed
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1961)

An unexplained anomaly of "primaquine-sensitive" erythrocytes is their ability to resist hemoly- sis in vitro, even when exposed to concentrations of primaquine that are greatly in excess of phar- macologic levels.Beutler, Dern and Alving (1) have studied in vitro hem-iolysis of primaquine- sensitive red cells in detail and demonstrated that it occurs between 1.5 and 4 x 10-3 M primaquine (0.6 to 2.0 mg per ml) when measured in a test system containing saline buffered at pH 7.0.They were unable to demonstrate any difference between normal and abnormal cells with respect to the drug concentration required to produce in vitro hemoly- sis.In vitro studies on normal cells, reported in an accompanying paper (2) generally demon- strated no hemolysis with concentrations of less than 5 x 10-3 M primaquine; these observations were made on whole defibrinated blood, and when compared with Beutler's studies of red cells sus- pended in buffered saline, it appears that serum proteins inhibited hemolysis of red cells exposed to concentrations of primaquine less than 5 x 10-3 M.In comparing in vitro observations on hemolysis produced by primaquine, with the in vivo effects of the drug, Beutler and colleagues have (1) sug- gested that the drug, or one of its metabolic by-products, damages the sensitive erythrocytes, thereby making them susceptible to removal by in vitro mechanisms but not to in vitro hemolysis.Brodie and Udenfriend (3), who studied the he- molytic effect of primaquine, suggested that a
Direct actions of GLP-1 analogues on AMP-activated protein kinase activity are distinct from cyclic AMP accumulation
Authors: Susan Leanne Samson, Mandeep Bajaj
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)

2011;54:827–829. [10] Tomas E, Habener JF. Insulin-like actions of glucagon-like peptide-1: a dual receptor hypothesis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2010;21:59–67. Susan Leanne Samson⇑ Mandeep Bajaj Diabetes Research Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, St. Luke’s Episcopal Hospital, Houston, TX, USA ⇑Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 713 798 3076; fax: +1 713 798 8764 E-mail address: ssamson@bcm.edu JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
Costs of Cancer Care: A View From the Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services
Authors: Peter B. Bach
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Fee-for-service Medicare pays for a very substantial portion of all cancer care delivered in the United States. By virtue of its size and visibility, its payment policies at times also influence those of other health care payers. As a result, Medicare affects both the overall economics and the incentive structures of oncology care. Three aspects of how Medicare finances cancer care are particularly germane to the issue of costs. First, Medicare finances all aspects of cancer care in independent payment units, paying separately for physician services, laboratory tests, procedures, imaging, radiation, drug administration, and drugs. Second, Medicare is currently managing and monitoring a very substantial overhaul in payment for cancer care, which aims to reduce or eliminate incentives that have favored aggressive and costly treatments in clinical situations where alternative therapeutic approaches might have been equivalent or preferable. Third, Medicare is trying to increase the focus on care quality and transparency, as improved efficiency and greater value is needed if costs of care are to be contained. Understanding these three aspects of cancer care financing can help clarify what Medicare is capable of doing to control the rising costs that are occurring in cancer today.
Levamisole in the treatment of ascariasis in children
Authors: N. D. W. Lionel, E. H. Mirando, J. C. Nanayakkara, P. E. Soysa
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Levamisole (the laevorotatory isomer of tetramisole) is a new synthetic anthelmintic. A cure rate of 91% was obtained in a series of 111 ascariasis-infected children treated with a single oral dose of the drug. The failures, who were treated with the drug a second time one week later, were all cured. In a comparative study of levamisole and piperazine citrate in a series of 100 children with ascariasis a cure rate of 92% and 90% was obtained with a single dose of levamisole and piperazine respectively, indicating equal efficacy. Levamisole is better tolerated than piperazine citrate and is virtually free of toxic effects.
Molecular Basis of Mature T-Cell Leukemia
Authors: Yuri Pekarsky
Journal: JAMA (2001)

T-cell chronic lymphocytic/prolymphocytic leukemia (T-CLL/T-PLL) is a lymphoproliferative disease derived from immunocompetent post-thymic T cells. Activation (initiation of expression) of the TCL1 locus at chromosome 14q32.1 appears to be the causal event in the pathogenesis of these mature T-cell leukemias. This activation occurs as a result of translocations or inversions that cause rearrangement of the TCL1 (T-cell leukemia/lymphoma 1) locus with regulatory elements of T-cell receptor genes. To describe the molecular events that take part in the leukemogenesis of mature T-cell leukemias, we reviewed the literature and our own data on the molecular basis of mature T-cell leukemia. This data search revealed that 4 genes have been identified at the TCL1 locus: TCL1, TCL1b, TNG1, and TNG2. The expression of these genes is substantially increased following rearrangements involving 14q32.1. Functional analysis of the Tcl1 protein revealed its involvement in an Akt (protein kinase B) prosurvival pathway through its interaction with the Akt kinase, which promotes translocation of Akt to the nucleus and increases Akt's enzymatic activity. The available data provide important insights into the molecular mechanisms of T-cell leukemogenesis that may lead to the development of new drugs for treatment of mature T-cell leukemia.
Dilemmas in the Management of the Neurological Patient
Authors: Charles M. Poser
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Critics and iconoclasts rarely are accorded the plaudits given to their more conventional colleagues; in fact, Cassandra-like, they are only too often ignored, for what they say is not popular. Now comes a whole book of such critiques, a most innovative, exciting, and provocative enterprise. This is a collection of 26 essays by British neurologists and neurosurgeons. I am not certain of the importance of the fact that only a single American author was included. The subjects have been chosen with great care; the reviews are remarkably unbiased, up-to-date, and as thorough as can be when only English-language literature is reviewed (with rare exceptions). Here and there, however, a mere touch of therapeutic nihilism can be detected. The broad range of subjects chosen for comment makes one wait impatiently for the next edition and hope that further volumes will examine those areas of controversy (and there are still many!) that
Fluoridation of Water Supply
Authors: Alonzo H. Garcelon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

EXTENSIVE field and laboratory investigations have demonstrated that persons born and raised to about eight years of age on water supplies containing the optimum amount of fluorides experience significantly less dental decay throughout life than those born and raised to the same age on water supplies that are deficient in fluorides.1 2 3 These studies have also demonstrated that the fluorides are as effective when they are added to the water supply by the water-works operator, at the water plant, as when they are added by nature, as the water flows over fluoride-bearing rock.3 It has been properly pointed out4 that the . . .
Stability and effectiveness of chlorine disinfectants in water distribution systems.
Authors: V P Olivieri, M C Snead, C W Krusé, K Kawata
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

A test system for water distribution was used to evaluate the stability and effectiveness of three residual disinfectants--free chlorine, combined chlorine, and chlorine dioxide--when challenged with a sewage contaminant. The test distribution system consisted of the street main and internal plumbing for two barracks at Fort George G. Meade, MD. To the existing pipe network, 152 m (500 ft) of 13-mm (0.5 in.) copper pipe were added for sampling, and 60 m (200 ft) of 2.54-cm (1.0 in.) plastic pipe were added for circulation. The levels of residual disinfectants tested were 0.2 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L as available chlorine. In the absence of a disinfectant residual, microorganisms in the sewage contaminant were consistently recovered at high levels. The presence of any disinfectant residual reduced the microorganism level and frequency of occurrence at the consumer's tap. Free chlorine was the most effective residual disinfectant and may serve as a marker or flag in the distribution network. Free chlorine and chlorine dioxide were the least stable in the pipe network. The loss of disinfectant in the pipe network followed first-order kinetics. The half-life determined in static tests for free chlorine, chlorine dioxide, and combined chlorine was 140, 93, and 1680 min.
Irregular Supraventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Edgar Argulian, Eric Bader, Patricia Chavez, Emad F. Aziz
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Results of Surgical Treatment of Patients with Diffuse Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis
Authors: ROBERT L. FRYE, OWINGS W. KINCAID, H. J. C. SWAN, JOHN W. KIRKLIN
Journal: Circulation (1965)

Sixteen patients with diffuse hypertrophic subaortic stenosis have been treated surgically. Thirteen of 14 patients undergoing excision of hypertrophied muscle from the left ventricular outflow tract via left ventriculotomy or aortotomy have survived. Operation has provided excellent symptomatic relief, associated with eradication or significant reduction of the systolic pressure gradient between the left ventricle and the aorta while the patient is at rest. Operation is recommended for those patients with this disease who are experiencing significant and limiting symptoms related to obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract.
Physicians Who Move-Reply
Authors: Steven R. Steiber
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In Reply.—  I appreciate Dr Loftin's interest in my research on Physicians Who  and Why They Move (1982;248:1490), as expressed in his letter. Dr Loftin underscores the major issue in research into medical manpower in the United States, and that is whether local community needs will be met by current medical manpower supply. The issue, as Dr Loftin suggests, is more complex than it might seem at first glance, and further research has shed empirical light on some of the questions he raises.  The physician mobility patterns described in my recent article apply only to established physicians, those who have completed their residencies before the study period. The other side of this manpower issue, where graduating medical residents move on completion of their programs, is addressed in a forthcoming issue of theJournal of Medical Education.1As expected, these early-career physicians are moving with greater frequency and filling
A Bit on the Side
Authors: J Collier
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Paul Halloran, Mark Hollingsworth Simon and Schuster, pounds sterling12.99, pp 231 ISBN 0–671–71350–7

It is often hard to know why one trusts some people and suspects others. In a close personal relationship the reasons are usually more obvious because there will have been time to observe, to confide, and to match words with deeds. With a patient, there is a chance to question and requestion, to check with relatives, to examine, and to perform sensitive tests. But in more distanced relationships, as for instance with a business or committee colleague or perhaps a politician, there may be little tangible on which to base judgment.

Nevertheless, judgments must be made, and at some point one …
A PAI-1 (SERPINE1) polymorphism predicts osteonecrosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Deborah French, Leo H. Hamilton, Leonard A. Mattano, Harland N. Sather, Meenakshi Devidas, James B. Nachman, Mary V. Relling
Journal: Blood (2008)
Effects of Testosterone Therapy in Older Men—Reply
Authors: Marielle H. Emmelot-Vonk
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Relationship Between TIMI Frame Count and Clinical Outcomes After Thrombolytic Administration
Authors: C. Michael Gibson, Sabina A. Murphy, Michael J. Rizzo, Kathryn A. Ryan, Susan J. Marble, Carolyn H. McCabe, Christopher P. Cannon, Frans Van de Werf, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —The corrected TIMI frame count (CTFC) is the number of cine frames required for dye to first reach standardized distal coronary landmarks, and it is an objective and quantitative index of coronary blood flow. Methods and Results —The CTFC was measured in 1248 patients in the TIMI 4, 10A, and 10B trials, and its relationship to clinical outcomes was examined. Patients who died in the hospital had a higher CTFC (ie, slower flow) than survivors (69.6±35.4 [n=53] versus 49.5±32.3 [n=1195]; P =0.0003). Likewise, patients who died by 30 to 42 days had higher CTFCs than survivors (66.2±36.4 [n=57] versus 49.9±32.1 [n=1059]; P =0.006). In a multivariate model that excluded TIMI flow grades, the 90-minute CTFC was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (OR=1.21 per 10-frame rise [95% CI, 1.1 to 1.3], an ≈0.7% increase in absolute mortality for every 10-frame rise; P &lt;0.001) even when other significant correlates of mortality (age, heart rate, anterior myocardial infarction, and female sex) were adjusted for in the model. The CTFC identified a subgroup of patients with TIMI grade 3 flow who were at a particularly low risk of adverse outcomes. The risk of in-hospital mortality increased in a stepwise fashion from 0.0% (n=41) in patients with a 90-minute CTFC that was faster than the 95% CI for normal flow (0 to 13 frames, hyperemia, TIMI grade 4 flow), to 2.7% (n=18 of 658 patients) in patients with a CTFC of 14 to 40 (a CTFC of 40 has previously been identified as the cutpoint for distinguishing TIMI grade 3 flow), to 6.4% (35/549) in patients with a CTFC &gt;40 ( P =0.003). Although the risk of death, recurrent myocardial infarction, shock, congestive heart failure, or left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40% was 13.0% among patients with TIMI grade 3 flow (CTFC ≤40), the CTFC tended to segregate patients into lower-risk (CTFC ≤20, risk of adverse outcome of 7.9%) and higher-risk subgroups (CTFC &gt;20 to ≤40, risk of adverse outcome of 15.5%; P =0.17). Conclusions —Faster (lower) 90-minute CTFCs are related to improved in-hospital and 1-month clinical outcomes after thrombolytic administration in both univariate and multivariate models. Even among those patients classified as having normal flow (TIMI grade 3 flow, CTFC ≤40), there may be lower- and higher-risk subgroups.
Immunotherapeutic Approaches to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment
Authors: Alexander G. Miamen, Haidong Dong, Lewis R. Roberts
Journal: Liver Cancer (2012)

Liver cancer, the most common form of which is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is one of the most deadly cancers worldwide. As of 2008, in men, HCC was the fifth most common cancer (approximately 450,000 new cases per year) and the second most frequent cause of death from cancer (around 416,000 deaths per year), whereas in women, it was the seventh most frequently diagnosed cancer (150,000 new cases per year) and the sixth most frequent cause of cancer deaths (140,000 deaths per year) [1]. Overall, HCC is the third leading cause of death from cancer globally [2, 3]. Worldwide, the incidence of HCC in males is more than twice that in females. The etiology of HCC is diverse; however, approximately 80% of HCCs occur secondary to chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) [4]. The geographic distribution of HCC is such that the high-incidence regions of Eastern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa bear a disproportionate HCC burden, amounting to more than 80% of the global burden [4]. However, even in areas considered low-incidence regions—North America and Europe—the incidence of HCC is on the rise [4]. In the US, HCC incidence has risen more than threefold in the past 30 years, and it is now the ninth most frequent cause of death from cancer. The major reasons for the increased incidence of HCC in the US are the increasing prevalence of chronic HCV infection, increased immigration from high-incidence countries in Asia and Africa, and the increase in the number of individuals with cirrhosis due to obesity-related fatty liver disease. Most HCCs are diagnosed at an advanced stage for which there is no curative option. Sorafenib, the only agent specifically approved for HCC treatment, is of limited efficacy in this setting. Therefore, an urgent need for improved HCC therapy exists. In this review, we discuss the available data on the development and use of immunotherapy for HCC, with a particular focus on recent results and novel approaches.