tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha increases airway responsiveness and sputum neutrophilia in normal human subjects.
Authors: P S Thomas, D H Yates, P J Barnes
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The effect of inhaled recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rhTNF alpha) on airway responsiveness and the cellular composition of sputum was studied in eight normal subjects using a placebo-controlled study design. Spirometric data and bronchial responsiveness (BR) to methacholine were studied, and an estimate of pulmonary-cell infiltration was made using the technique of induced sputum. A single dose of rhTNF alpha (60 ng) caused an increase in BR, with a leftward shift in the concentration-based response to methacholine at all time points after inhalation, as compared with a saline control challenge. Likewise, there was a decrease in the log provocative concentration of methacholine causing a 15% decrease in FEV1, which reached a maximum at 24 h (1.37 +/- 0.22 versus 1.87 +/- 0.24, rhTNF alpha and control, respectively; p < 0.05). No change was observed in baseline spirometric measures at any of the time points. A significant increase in the percentage of neutrophils occurred in the induced sputum, reaching a maximum at 24 h (44.2 +/- 9.9% versus 16.6 +/- 7.1%, rhTNF alpha and control, respectively; p < 0.05). We conclude that TNF alpha can induce an increase in airway responsiveness in normal subjects, and is associated with a neutrophil infiltration, thus making it a candidate cytokine for the induction of airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness.
In the Park Monceau
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Provocation of Postural Hypotension by Nitroglycerin in Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy?
Authors: L Hume, D J Ewing, I W Campbell, S R Reuben, B F Clarke
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

The effect of nitroglycerin on heart rate and systolic blood pressure was compared in 5 normal subjects, 12 diabetic subjects without autonomic neuropathy, and 5 diabetic subjects with autonomic neuropathy. The magnitude and time course of the increase in heart rate and the decrease in systolic blood pressure after nitroglycerin were similar in the normal and diabetic subjects without autonomic neuropathy, whereas a lesser increase in heart rate and a greater decrease in systolic blood pressure occurred in the diabetic subjects with autonomic neuropathy. It is therefore suggested that caution should be exercised when prescribing vasodilator drugs in diabetic patients, particularly those with autonomic neuropathy.
SIMULTANEOUS MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION ASSESSMENT DURING MYOCARDIAL CONTRAST ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY PROVIDES INCREMENTAL PROGNOSTIC VALUE BEYOND WALL MOTION ANALYSIS WHEN INCORPORATED INTO A REAL-WORLD CLINICAL STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY SERVICE
Authors: Benoy N. Shah, Ana M. Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Maria Drakopoulou, Navtej S. Chahal, Sanjeev Bhattacharyya, Wei Li, Isabelle Roussin, Rajdeep Khattar, Roxy Senior
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The Handling of Immunoreactive Vasopressin by the Isolated Perfused Rat Kidney
Authors: Ralph Rabkin, Leonard Share, Paul A. Payne, Judy Young, Joan Crofton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Using the isolated rat kidney perfused with an artificial medium containing glucose as the sole fuel, we studied the renal handling of immunoreactive arginine vasopressin (AVP) and determined the effect of various factors on the ability of the kidney to remove AVP.
Abnormal Movements and Prognosis in Schizophrenia
Authors: PAUL E. YARDEN, WILLIAM J. DISCIPIO
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

A longitudinal study was made of 18 young hospitalized schizophrenics who exhibited abnormal movements of a choreiform or athetoid type and 36 schizophrenic controls who were free of movement disorders. The group with movement abnormalities were younger at first hospitalization than the controls and their disease progressed steadily, with early and profound mental deterioration. The majority remained in the hospital for the entire observation period despite intensive treatment efforts, while the control group had shorter hospital stays and showed better treatment response.
Under- or Overtreatment of Pain in the Patient With Cancer: How to Achieve Proper Balance
Authors: Judith A. Paice, Jamie H. Von Roenn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

Achieving balance in the appropriate use of opioids for the treatment of cancer pain is complex. The definition of “balance” is continually being modified. Palliative care professionals, pain specialists, and oncologists have long been advocating for the aggressive management of pain for patients with advanced cancer. Some progress has been made in this arena but barriers persist. Fear of addiction by patients, family members, and oncology professionals presents a serious obstacle to the provision of adequate pain control. This is further complicated by societal factors that receive extensive media coverage, such as diversion of prescribed opioids for recreational use and increasing deaths as a result of this inappropriate use of prescription opioids. This growing concern has led to more opioid regulation, which increases obstacles to pain management in this population. Another evolving concern is whether the long-term use of opioids is safe and effective. Data from the chronic nonmalignant pain literature suggest that toxicities may result and misuse has been underestimated, yet little information is available in the cancer population. These issues lead to serious questions regarding how balance might be successfully achieved for patients in an oncology setting. Can pain relief be provided while reducing negative consequences of treatment? Which patient should be prescribed what medications, in what situations, for what kind of pain, and who should be managing the pain?
Seropositive rheumatoid arthritis associated with decreased diffusion capacity of the lung.
Authors: G Schernthaner, O Scherak, G Kolarz, F Kummer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1976)

Sixty-two patients with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis were subjected to lung function analysis. The various parameters--spirography, plethysmography, blood gas analysis, measurement of lung compliance, and diffusion capacity--were correlated with duration and stage of disease, and with rheumatoid factor titres. A statistically significant correlation was found to exist between Rose-Waaler titre and specific diffusion capacity. Similar results between Rose-Waaler titre and lung compliance, however, were not statistically significant.
Autism is not a scientifically valid or clinically useful diagnosis
Authors: S. Timimi
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Szatmari provides little evidence to support the validity of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) as a diagnosis.1 Two ex-services users, both diagnosed with an ASD, and I concluded in our recent book that ASD is not a valid diagnosis.2 The prevalence of ASD increased from 4.5 to 160 per 10 000 in just …
A Prospective Study of Diet Quality and Mortality in Women
Authors: Ashima K. Kant
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Most studies of diet and health care have focused on the role of single nutrients, foods, or food groups in disease prevention or promotion. Few studies have addressed the health effects of dietary patterns, which include complex mixtures of foods containing multiple nutrients and nonnutrients.To examine the association of mortality with a multifactorial diet quality index.Data from phase 2 (1987-1989) of a prospective cohort study of breast cancer screening, the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project, with a median follow-up of 5.6 years.A total of 42,254 women (mean age, 61.1 years) who completed the food frequency questionnaire portion of the survey.All-cause mortality by quartile of Recommended Food Score (RFS; the sum of the number of foods recommended by current dietary guidelines [fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy, and lean meats and poultry] that were reported on the questionnaire to be consumed at least once a week, for a maximum score of 23).There were 2065 deaths due to all causes in the cohort. The RFS was inversely associated with all-cause mortality. Compared with those in the lowest quartile, subjects in the upper quartiles of the RFS had relative risks for all-cause mortality of 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73-0.92) for quartile 2, 0.71 (95% CI, 0.62-0.81) for quartile 3, and 0.69 (95% CI, 0.61-0.78) for quartile 4 adjusted for education, ethnicity, age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol use, level of physical activity, menopausal hormone use, and history of disease (chi2 for trend = 35.64, P<.001 for trend).These data suggest that a dietary pattern characterized by consumption of foods recommended in current dietary guidelines is associated with decreased risk of mortality in women.
Use of glucagon in the treatment of quinidine toxicity in the heart
Authors: K. PRASAD
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1977)

The effects of glucagon on quinidine-induced cardiac toxicity were studied in open-chest anaesthetised dogs. Glucagon along increased the heart rate and contractility; and decreased the blood pressure, duration of P-R and Q-T interval, and QRS complex. Quinidine produced dose-dependent decreases in the heart rate, blood pressure, and contractility, and lengthening of the duration of P-R and Q-T interval, and QRS complex. Glucagon abolished the changes produced by quinidine within two minutes, and appears to be a drug of choice in the treatment of quinidine toxicity in the heart.
Further modifications in the children's jejunal biopsy capsule.
Authors: S. Latham, A. J. Becket, D. A. Chapell
Journal: BMJ (1969)

243Fmalignancies.The clinical usefulness of this test, however, was questioned in the discus- 9ion which followed.H. BEGEMANN (Munich) presented 'the results of a trial of asparaginase therapy.
Coverage and Access in Health Care Reform
Authors: Uwe E. Reinhardt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Some critics of current efforts to reform the American health care system claim that every American already has a catastrophic health insurance policy: the emergency room of the nearest hospital. With universal coverage thus in place, they ask, “What health care crisis”1?The papers by Stoddard et al. and the Medicaid Access Study Group, in this issue of the Journal, should give these critics pause2,3. The investigators demonstrate that the lack of medical insurance is a barrier to health care, even for relatively serious medical conditions. In an earlier study, Franks et al. showed that, all else . . .
Smoking-induced coronary vasoconstriction in patients with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease: evidence for adrenergically mediated alterations in coronary artery tone.
Authors: M D Winniford, K R Wheelan, M S Kremers, V Ugolini, E van den Berg, E H Niggemann, D E Jansen, L D Hillis
Journal: Circulation (1986)

In patients with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, cigarette smoking increases myocardial oxygen demand but may cause an inappropriate decrease in coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen supply. This study was performed to explore the mechanism of smoking-induced coronary vasoconstriction and, specifically, to determine if smoking causes an alpha-adrenergically mediated increase in coronary artery tone. In 36 chronic smokers with coronary artery disease (27 men and nine women, 50 +/- 9 [mean +/- SD] years old), heart rate-systolic arterial pressure double product and coronary sinus blood flow (by thermodilution) were measured before and during smoking both before and after (1) normal saline (n = 5, control subjects), (2) an alpha-adrenergic-blocking agent, phentolamine, 5 mg (n = 15), (3) a beta-adrenergic-blocking agent, propranolol, 0.1 mg/kg (n = 12), or (4) sodium nitroprusside, 0.4 to 0.8 micrograms/kg/min, given in a dose sufficient to diminish systolic arterial pressure by 15% (n = 4). During the initial smoking period, rate-pressure product increased and coronary sinus blood flow was unchanged by smoking in all groups. After 30 to 75 min, saline, phentolamine, propranolol, or sodium nitroprusside was given, and measurements were repeated. In the control subjects, rate-pressure product and coronary sinus blood flow responded in a similar manner to that observed previously. In those receiving phentolamine, rate-pressure product was unchanged, but coronary sinus blood flow rose substantially with smoking (percent change +2 +/- 15% during the first smoking period [before phentolamine] and +32 +/- 17% during the second smoking period [after phentolamine]; p less than .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Clonidine Suppression Testing in Essential Hypertension
Authors: DAVID S. GOLDSTEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

To assess the contribution of sympathetic outflow to blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension, we measured blood pressure and plasma norepinephrine responses to clonidine, an antihypertensive agent that decreases central sympathetic outflow, in 44 patients and in 41 normotensive control subjects of similar age. Among the hypertensive patients, the resting level of plasma norepinephrine was significantly related to the decrease in mean arterial pressure 3 hours after a single oral dose of clonidine, 300µg (r=0.62, p < 0.001). The magnitude of the depressor response in the patients also was correlated significantly with the decrease in plasma norepinephrine after clonidine (r=0.60, p < 0.001). These results suggest that increased sympathetic outflow plays a pathophysiologic role in some patients with essential hypertension.
The Tourniquet Test in Identifying Diabetic Retinopathy-Reply
Authors: William A. Reynolds
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> My letter was a condensation of the article that, for lack of space, deleted most of the discussion and review of literature, including references cited by Drs Aaby and Zegarra. Obviously, the tourniquet test is not specific for diabetic microangiopathy, but the test result is infrequently abnormal in the nondiabetic population. Reported incidences are as follows: 6% of 268 medical students,<sup>1</sup>9% of 200 healthy adults,<sup>2</sup>and 8% of 50 nondiabetic patients in my study. Using the three-minute arm cuff occlusion as described in my letter, there was minimal discomfort or complaint by my patients. The test can be performed easily by the physician's assistant for a cost of about 50 cents for labor. The value of the tourniquet test to detect diabetic retinopathy is strongly supported by the study of Rodriguez and Root.<sup>3</sup>In 100 unselected diabetics, the test result was normal in 56
Blood doping in athletes—Detection of allogeneic blood transfusions by flow cytofluorometry
Authors: Patricia A. Arndt, Belinda M. Kumpel
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

Athletes may undergo blood transfusion to increase their red cell mass and the oxygen carrying capacity of their blood in order to confer a competitive advantage. Allogeneic transfusions are normally mismatched at one or more minor blood group antigens. The most sensitive and accurate method known to detect this form of blood doping is flow cytometry. Low percentages of antigen-positive and antigen-negative red blood cells (RBCs) can be quantitated using suitable specific alloantibodies and careful analysis. By testing blood samples taken at various times, a reduction in the percentage of a minor population of RBCs will indicate transfusion has occurred.
The persistent vegetative state
Authors: R. S Howard, D. H Miller
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Patients in a vegetative state seem to be awake with their eyes open but show no evidence of awareness.1 They do not interact with others and make no purposeful or voluntary responses to visual, auditory, tactile, or noxious stimuli. They are able to breathe spontaneously, and they retain their gag, cough, sucking, and swallowing reflexes. Sleep-wake cycles are preserved, and so are the hypothalamic and brain stem autonomic responses. They are incontinent of urine and faeces, but they may retain their cranial nerve, spinal, and primitive reflexes. Inconsistent non-purposive movements occur, notably facial grimacing and chewing; they make sounds; and they may show inconsistent auditory and oculomotor orienting reflexes to peripheral sounds or movement. The diagnosis of a vegetative state is not tenable if there is any degree of voluntary movement, sustained visual pursuit, consistent and reproducible visual fixation, or response to threatening gestures.2 3

The condition is distinct from coma, in which patients have their eyes closed and lack sleep-wake cycles, and from the “locked-in” syndrome, in which patients are aware of themselves and their environment but have lost motor function and speech, communication being achieved by eye movement or blinks. Akinetic mutism is a rare syndrome in which movement is pathologically slowed or nearly absent and speech is lost but wakefulness and self awareness are variably preserved—though the …
S108 MIF as the key regulator for mesenchymal stem cells homing to tumours by 3D and in vivo lung metastasis models
Authors: S. Lourenco, V. Teixeira, T. Kalber, R. Thakrar, A. Floto, S. Janes
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3></h3> Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are inherently tumour-homing and can be isolated, expanded and transduced, making them viable candidates for cell therapy. This tumour-tropism has been used to deliver anti-cancer therapies to various tumour models in several organs. In a previous study we have shown that MIF is the key director of MSC migration and infiltration towards tumour cells. We have shown this major role for MIF (mainly via CXCR4), using <i>in vitro</i> migration and invasion assays, in presence of different receptor inhibitors and achieving a drastic decrease in both processes using MIF inhibitor. Importantly we show that knock down of either CXCR4 or MIF abrogates MSC homing to tumours in an <i>in vivo</i> pulmonary metastasis model, confirming the <i>in vitro</i> 2D and 3D assays. In this study we define the mechanism behind MIF stimulation of MSC homing to tumours. We show that MIF upregulates other cytokines involved in chemotaxis, such as IL6, IL8 and CCL2 and upregulates MIF as well, amplifying the initial trigger and generating a positive feedback loop. However when inhibiting those cytokines individually, we never achieved a decrease in migration as drastic as for MIF inhibition. This suggests that the up-regulation of this set of cytokines would lead to chemoattraction of leucocytes to the site of the tumour, which was observed in a 3D model. Therefore, MIF trigger is amplified by its own upregulation in MSCs via a positive feedback loop, confirming again our previous findings and its key role as a regulator of MSC homing to tumours. This improved understanding of MSC tumour tropism will further enable development of novel cellular therapies for cancers.
Management Changes in Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: George L. Irvin III
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Medicine and American Growth, 1800-1860
Authors: Lloyd G. Stevenson
Journal: JAMA (1987)

James Cassedy's new book continues the theme of his Demography in Early America, 1600-1800 (1969), also reiterating and expanding a part of what he admirably dealt with in his American Medicine and Statistical Thinking, 1800-1860 (1984).   domain he is rounding out for himself gives him the opportunity to pursue such appealing topics as white perceptions of black demography (this is a part of The Medical Arithmetic of Southern Regional Development) and Women in Antebellum Medical-Demographic Change (a motif that occupies, rewardingly, about a tenth of the book). Perhaps more unexpected is a substantial chapter on Manifest Destiny and Medicine, which takes care of the Mexican War, the Panama crossing, naval expansion, and the rise of the foreign medical missionary enterprise, not forgetting missions and morbidity in Liberia, Hawaii, and Canton. All of these have required broad research in published and unpublished materials, but hardly more than do the obvious