tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography
Authors: George M. Saypol
Journal: JAMA (1974)

ON Dec 18, 1950, I saw a 76-year-old white woman at Manhattan State Hospital, New York City, who was jaundiced and semicomatose, with an enlargement of the liver three finger-breadths below the right subcostal margin, and in whom liver function studies showed extrahepatic obstructive jaundice. Permission for surgery was refused by the family, but consent was given for the insertion of a needle into the liver, in an effort to obtain a cholangiogram. With the patient lying flat in bed, suction was applied with a syringe that was attached to an 18-gauge short-beveled spinal needle. The needle was then inserted into the right subcostal area and directed towards an enlarged major bile duct. On obtaining white bile, 40 ml of 35% iodopyracet (Diodrast) was injected, and with a portable x-ray machine, a cholangiogram was made. Polyethylene tubing was inserted through the lumen of the needle, the lumen was withdrawn, and
THERAPEUTIC RE-ORIENTATION IN SOME DEPRESSIVE STATES: CLINICAL EVALUATION OF A NEW MONO-AMINE OXIDASE INHIBITOR (W-1544-A) (PHENELZINE (NARDIL)
Authors: WILLIAM FURST
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

A re-orientation to theory and therapy of some depressive states is slowly coming into sharper focus. The sequence of events developing from the response of a depressed patient to nicotinic acid and its relation to iproniazid is presented. Psychic energizers, mono-amine oxidase inhibitors, serotonin, and nor-epinephrine may have etiologic relationship in depressive disorders. Neurophysiological findings must also be integrated with psychopharmacological researches. A more specific nosological re-classification to recognize that involutional melancholia, manic-depressive states, and reactive depression may vary qualitatively rather than quantitatively is in order. Clinical experience with phenelzine (W-1544-A), a new mono-amine oxidase inhibitor, is presented as to drug characteristics, dosage, side effects, therapeutic effect, and comparability with iproniazid. In a preliminary screening at the private practice level, 69% of 36 patients who completed more than 4 weeks of treatment with W-1544-A showed remission from endogenous depressive states.
Prevention of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome With Daily Bowel Lavage in Patients With Shiga Toxin–Producing Enterohemorrhagic<i>Escherichia coli</i>O104:H4 Infection
Authors: Stefan Lüth, Thorben W. Fründt, Thomas Rösch, Christoph Schlee, Ansgar W. Lohse
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)
Points: Dilemma over cannabis?
Authors: H C M Walton
Journal: BMJ (1979)

This would perhaps bring home to the DHSS the extent to which the consultants are financ- ing the Health Service by running their own cars.I personally as a consultant manage to run one mini.My wife wonders why I spend all this money running a car for the sake of the NHS when she never has the use of it.I feel that the time has come now for my wife to have the use of our car and to insist that the hospital provides transport when it is needed.
Health campaigning group calls for action on corruption in India
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The Indian branch of the international People’s Health Movement organisation has expressed serious concerns about the increasing trend of corruption in India’s private medical sector.

In an open letter to India’s health minister, Harsh Vardhan, the movement called on the Indian government to act firmly against corruption in the private health sector. The organisation, which campaigns for equal health for all, said that such corruption can lead to substantial increases in the costs of care, impoverishment, and compromised health outcomes. It recommended that policy initiatives should be drawn up to curb corruption and warned that “private sector corruption is also in danger of becoming the acceptable norm of behaviour, to be universalized by policy.” …
Effect of negative ionisation of inspired air on the response of asthmatic children to exercise and inhaled histamine.
Authors: I Ben-Dov, I Amirav, M Shochina, I Amitai, E Bar-Yishay, S Godfrey
Journal: Thorax (1983)

To evaluate the effect of negative ionisation of inspired air on bronchial reactivity, 11 asthmatic children were challenged twice by exercise and 10 were challenged twice by histamine inhalation. The children breathed negatively ionised air (4 X 10(5) - 10 X 10(5) ions/cm3) or control room air in random order in a double-blind fashion. All challenges were matched in terms of basal lung function and the exercise tests were matched in terms of ventilation and respiratory heat loss. Exercise-induced asthma was significantly attenuated by exposure to negatively ionised air, the mean postexercise fall in one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) being 29% (SE 5%) of the initial value after the control and 21% (3%) after the ionised air test (p less than 0.02). Ten of the 11 subjects developed less exercise-induced asthma while breathing ionised air. Although the median dose of histamine (cumulative breath units) which caused a constant fall in FEV1 for each individual was higher with the ionised air challenge than with the control challenge the difference was not significant. Five of the 10 subjects were less sensitive to histamine and the other five more sensitive when breathing ionised air. It is concluded that negative ionisation of inspired air can modulate the bronchial response to exercise but the effect on the response to histamine is much more variable.
Do hepatitis B virus carriers develop atopic diseases?
Authors: C. N. Kocabas
Journal: Allergy (2001)

The prevalence of allergic disorders, such as asthma, hay fever, and atopic dermatitis, has increased dramatically over the past few decades. Although the important inherited component in these diseases is well established, the role of environmental factors in relation to allergic disorders has become increasingly topical in the last decade. Immunologic data show that different infections can either promote atopy (as in respiratory syncytial virus infections) or inhibit it (as in measles, hepatitis A, and tuberculosis). Although there are 400 million hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers around the world, and asymptomatic HBV carriers with a high level of virus replication are characterized by Th2-type immune reactions, the relationship between HBV carriers and atopic disorders has not been studied.
LONGTERM CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOME AFTER BARE-METAL STENTING POST-DILATED WITH THE PACLITAXEL-ELUTING BALLOON IS NON-INFERIOR COMPARED TO THE XIENCE V DRUG-ELUTING STENT: 2-YEAR CLINICAL DATA FROM THE OCTOPUS TRIAL
Authors: Sylvia Otto, Kristina Nitsche, Johannes Gassdorf, Florian Janiak, Christian Jung, Bjoern Goebel, Hans R. Figulla, Tudor Poerner
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Characteristics and possible mechanism of ventricular arrhythmia dependent on the dispersion of action potential durations.
Authors: C S Kuo, K Munakata, C P Reddy, B Surawicz
Journal: Circulation (1983)

The arrhythmogenic role of increased dispersion of repolarization (dispersion) was studied in 23 open-chest dogs using six simultaneously recorded monophasic action potentials (MAPs) from the ventricular surface and programmed ventricular premature stimulation (VPS). Increased dispersion was induced by generalized hypothermia (29 degrees C) and regional warm blood (38-43 degrees C) perfusion through a coronary artery branch. Hypothermia and regional warm blood perfusion increased maximum dispersion from 13 +/- 10 to 111 +/- 16 msec (p less than 0.001), predominantly because of the increased MAP duration difference (10 +/- 15 vs 97 +/- 16 msec, p less than 0.001). The maximal difference between activation times was not significantly changed, but the QRS duration increased from 47 +/- 6 to 52 +/- 7 msec (p less than 0.01). Ventricular arrhythmia did not occur spontaneously but was induced by a single VPS in all 23 dogs during hypothermia and regional warm blood perfusion when dispersion reached a critical magnitude. The critical magnitude of dispersion required to induce ventricular arrhythmia was documented in 16 dogs by stepwise increments or decrements of dispersion. In four dogs, an increase in atrial pacing rate of 24 beats/min prevented induction of ventricular arrhythmia by decreasing dispersion from a critical magnitude of 103 +/- 5 msec to a nonarrhythmogenic value of 86 +/- 9 msec (p less than 0.05). In six dogs, we compared the stimulation site-dependent effects of VPS applied in the region with short and long MAPs. In all dogs, ventricular arrhythmia was inducible only by VPS from the region with a short MAP. Premature impulses from this region propagated more slowly than those from the region with a long MAP. Our results show that the large dispersion of repolarization facilitates the development of a conduction delay necessary to induce sustained arrhythmia by an early premature stimulus applied at the site with a short MAP.
Intravenous somatic gene transfer with antisense tissue factor restores blood flow by reducing tumor necrosis factor-induced tissue factor expression and fibrin deposition in mouse meth-A sarcoma.
Authors: Y Zhang, Y Deng, T Wendt, B Liliensiek, A Bierhaus, J Greten, W He, B Chen, V Hach-Wunderle, R Waldherr, R Ziegler, D Männel, D M Stern, P P Nawroth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Fibrin is deposited on the endothelial cell surface in the vasculature of murine methylcholanthrene A-induced sarcomas after injection of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Capillary endothelial cells of the tumor vascular bed become positive for tissue factor after TNF injection, based on immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. Intravascular clot formation was not dependent on tissue factor derived from tumor cells, since in vessels of tumors not expressing tissue factor, TNF also induced fibrin/fibrinogen deposition. However, the time course of fibrin/fibrinogen deposition after TNF differed in tumors expressing no, little, or greater amounts of tissue factor. Fibrin/fibrinogen deposition was more rapid in tumors in which the neoplastic cells expressed tissue factor than in tumors not expressing tissue factor. In the tumors not expressing tissue factor, activation of coagulation was dependent on TNF-induced synthesis of tissue factor by host cells, i.e., endothelium or monocytes/macrophages. Intravenous somatic gene transfer with tissue factor cDNA in the antisense orientation (but not sense or vector alone) reduced intravascular fibrin/fibrinogen deposition and restored blood flow to the tumor, showing that de novo tissue factor expression is central in TNF-induced activation of the coagulation mechanism.
Ditch the digraph
Authors: Marcus Gore
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A surgeon uses a ligature to tie off a bleeding vessel, although the word is somewhat archaic and conjures up an image of John Hunter tying off a popliteal aneurysm. Yet lexical ligatures cast a long shadow, at least on this side of the Atlantic. Medical language is full of words containing ae and oe : although these pairs are now printed as separate vowels (digraphs), a look in an older text will reveal their earlier form as ligatures ∞ and œ. Haemoglobin and oesophagus show no signs of losing ae and oe respectively, and some august surgeons and physicians are inordinately proud of …
Inhibition of Metastases of a Human Melanoma Xenograft by Monoclonal Antibody to the GD2/GD3 Gangliosides
Authors: D. Iliopoulos, C. Ernst, Z. Steplewski, J. A. Jambrosic, U. Rodeck, M. Herlyn, W. H. Clark, H. Koprowski, D. Herlyn
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

A human melanoma variant cell line was obtained from a lung metastasis that arose spontaneously after we inoculated melanoma cells sc into a nude mouse. In this model, IgG2a monoclonal antibody (MAb) ME 36.1 defining the GD2/GD3 gangliosides inhibited melanoma growth at the primary site and metastatic spread of the cells, whereas an IgG1 variant of MAb ME 36.1 inhibited lung metastasis formation only. Possible mechanisms of antitumor effects of MAb ME 36.1 are discussed.
PCBP1 Suppresses the Translation of Metastasis-Associated PRL-3 Phosphatase
Authors: Haihe Wang, Leah A. Vardy, Cheng Peow Tan, Jia Min Loo, Ke Guo, Jie Li, Seng Gee Lim, Jianbiao Zhou, Wee Joo Chng, Siok Bian Ng, Hui Xiang Li, Qi Zeng
Journal: Cancer Cell (2010)
Photocopier's Phalanx
Authors: ELLIOT D. ROSENSTEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1983Photocopier's PhalanxELLIOT D. ROSENSTEIN, M.D.ELLIOT D. ROSENSTEIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-5-677_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The case presented below may represent a new occupational hazard among health professionals.A 29-year-old staff physician developed intermittent pain in his left thumb. He had no history of trauma or preceding rheumatologic symptoms. Physical examination was notable only for tenderness on palpation of the base of the left thumb, aggravated by hyperextension of the thumb. No swelling or nodules were present. Directed questioning revealed that the pain had been elicited first while the patient was photocopying journal articles for house staff rounds. The patient was observed during a provocative trial of photocopying. The repetitive motion of...References1. MINUKWAGGONERHOOFNAGLEHANSONPAPPAS GJJRS. Pipetter's thumb [Letter]. N Engl J Med. 1982;306:751. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. ROULLETCASTAIGNE EP. Pipetter's thumb, type II. [Letter]. N Engl J Med. 1982;307:503. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByWall Washer's ThumbJOSEPH R. THURN, M.D. 1 May 1983Volume 98, Issue 5_Part_1Page: 677-677KeywordsInflammationPrevention, policy, and public health Issue Published: 1 May 1983 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Depression and Type 2 Diabetes Over the Lifespan: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Arie Nouwen, Cathy E. Lloyd, Frans Pouwer
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

We read with interest the meta-analysis by Mezuk et al. (1) on the bidirectional relationship between diabetes and depression. In their report, the authors examined whether having depression increases risk of type 2 diabetes and the inverse relationship, namely, whether having type 2 diabetes increases risk of depression. The authors concluded that depression was associated with a 60% increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes but that there was only a modest (15%) increased risk of depression in individuals with type 2 diabetes. While we welcome this report, we would argue that there are a number of important methodological and conceptual issues that …
Can Prenatal Malaria Exposure Produce an Immune Tolerant Phenotype?: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study in Kenya
Authors: Indu Malhotra, Arlene Dent, Peter Mungai, Alex Wamachi, John H. Ouma, David L. Narum, Eric Muchiri, Daniel J. Tisch, Christopher L. King
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

Malaria in pregnancy can expose the fetus to malaria-infected erythrocytes or their soluble products, thereby stimulating T and B cell immune responses to malaria blood stage antigens. We hypothesized that fetal immune priming, or malaria exposure in the absence of priming (putative tolerance), affects the child's susceptibility to subsequent malaria infections.We conducted a prospective birth cohort study of 586 newborns residing in a malaria-holoendemic area of Kenya who were examined biannually to age 3 years for malaria infection, and whose malaria-specific cellular and humoral immune responses were assessed. Newborns were classified as (i) sensitized (and thus exposed), as demonstrated by IFNgamma, IL-2, IL-13, and/or IL-5 production by cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) to malaria blood stage antigens, indicative of in utero priming (n = 246), (ii) exposed not sensitized (mother Plasmodium falciparum [Pf]+ and no CBMC production of IFNgamma, IL-2, IL-13, and/or IL-5, n = 120), or (iii) not exposed (mother Pf-, no CBMC reactivity, n = 220). Exposed not sensitized children had evidence for prenatal immune experience demonstrated by increased IL-10 production and partial reversal of malaria antigen-specific hyporesponsiveness with IL-2+IL-15, indicative of immune tolerance. Relative risk data showed that the putatively tolerant children had a 1.61 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10-2.43; p = 0.024) and 1.34 (95% CI 0.95-1.87; p = 0.097) greater risk for malaria infection based on light microscopy (LM) or PCR diagnosis, respectively, compared to the not-exposed group, and a 1.41 (95%CI 0.97-2.07, p = 0.074) and 1.39 (95%CI 0.99-2.07, p = 0.053) greater risk of infection based on LM or PCR diagnosis, respectively, compared to the sensitized group. Putatively tolerant children had an average of 0.5 g/dl lower hemoglobin levels (p = 0.01) compared to the other two groups. Exposed not sensitized children also had 2- to 3-fold lower frequency of malaria antigen-driven IFNgamma and/or IL-2 production (p<0.001) and higher IL-10 release (p<0.001) at 6-month follow-ups, when compared to sensitized and not-exposed children. Malaria blood stage-specific IgG antibody levels were similar among the three groups.These results show that a subset of children exposed to malaria in utero acquire a tolerant phenotype to blood-stage antigens that persists into childhood and is associated with an increased susceptibility to malaria infection and anemia. This finding could have important implications for malaria vaccination of children residing in endemic areas.
Effect of outer membrane vesicle vaccine against group B meningococcal disease in Norway
Authors: G Bjune, E.A Høiby, J.K Grønnesby, Ø Arnesen, J.H Fredriksen, A-K Lindbak, H Nøkleby, E Rosenqvist, L.K Solberg, O Closs, L.O Frøholm, A Lystad, L.S Bakketeig, B Hareide, A Halstensen, E Holten, J Eng
Journal: The Lancet (1991)
THE CAPACITY OF MEDICINE.
Authors: WM. ALLEN PUSEY
Journal: JAMA (1895)

The man is fortunate who has a high conception of his life work. In this respect, at least as regards the humanitarian aims of his profession, the doctor is usually fortunate. I believe it is the rule that the doctor has a conscious pride in the high purposes of his profession; I believe it can be said, without exaggeration and without straining the truth, that the doctor usually approaches his work with a realizing sense of his duties and of his heavy responsibilities. Often—oftener I believe than most men—he is animated by lofty ideals and sustained in a career of heavy responsibilities and, perhaps, unrewarded endeavors by the approval of his own conscience for doing, as well as in him lies, the work that comes to his hands. I believe, too, it can be said with truth, that he does not usually have to depend upon the approval of his
A CASE OF DOUBLE UTERUS AND VAGINA.Read in the Section of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: M. GUHMAN
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Mrs. A., 28 years of age, married six years, well developed. First pregnancy four years after marriage—there was nothing unusual during her term of pregnancy. Dr. Langan and I delivered her on February 6, 1889, under the influence of chloroform, of a living female child. It was a breech presentation, and never entered the inferior strait, and followed by a complete inversion of the uterus, which I reported to the St. Louis Medical Society. On April 25, 1890, I was summoned again to deliver her the second time. Upon examination I found it another breech presentation. Labor progressed favorably until entering the inferior strait, and then it became firmly lodged. I sent for Dr. Langan and my son to assist me. Under the influence of chloroform and in position, I proceeded to deliver her. I introduced my fingers in the vagina, but to my surprise I could not detect any
Investigation and management of unintentional weight loss in older adults
Authors: J. McMinn, C. Steel, A. Bowman
Journal: BMJ (2011)

#### Summary points

Unintentional weight loss occurs in 15-20% of older adults (those over 65) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.1 Clinical and epidemiological studies have reported even higher prevalence in certain populations, with as many as 27% of community dwelling elderly people and 50-60% of nursing home residents being affected.1 2 w1

Weight loss may be the presenting problem or an incidental finding during a consultation for other reasons. There are no published guidelines on how to investigate and manage patients with unintentional weight loss, and responses range from doing nothing (if it is viewed as a normal part of the ageing process) to extensive blind investigation because of the fear that it represents underlying cancer. Observational studies have shown that in as many as 25% of cases no identifiable cause is found, despite extensive investigation.3 4 It is not clear how far clinicians should go to investigate older patients with unintentional weight loss in the absence of an obvious medical cause.

We review the available evidence (mainly epidemiological and observational studies) and outline a structured approach to investigation and management of the older patient with unintentional weight loss.

#### Sources and selection criteria

We searched the literature for current …
Companies offer surgeons incentives to use their prostheses
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The Royal College of Physicians has set out a new blueprint for providing acute care in the NHS in what it calls "one of the most important" reports it has produced in recent years.The college believes its proposals will dramatically improve the quality and safety of people who are acutely ill, because it will ensure that those patients have the undivided attention of specialist acute care teams, rather than specialists in other types of care who are doing shifts on the acute ward on a rotation.It recommends there should be at least three consultants with primary responsibility for acute medicine in each acute hospital, and more in larger hospitals, by 2008.It also argues that a doctor with skills in acute medicine,