tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Rationale of Complete Immobilization in Treatment of Infected Wounds
Authors: J. Trueta, J. M. Barnes
Journal: BMJ (1940)

WOUNDST and to our young comrades who, in the capacity of liaison officers, have been responsible for contact and have had to bear the brunt of the "paper" war.We have enjoyed far more than ordinary loyalty and comradeship.All things pos- sible have been done to smoothe the way for us.These friends, who were worn out by hard work and sorely tried by personal grief, have by sacrificing much-needed time for rest and recreation not only carried out our wishes but even tried to forestall them.
A Face-To-Face Educational Program By Allergists Can Improve Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors (KAB) Of Internal Medicine, Pediatric, and Emergency Medicine Residents
Authors: Artemio M. Jongco, Sheila Bina, Robert Sporter, Marie A. Cavuoto Petrizzo, Blanka M. Kaplan, Susan Schuval
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Carcinogen adducts as an indicator for the public health risks of consuming carcinogen-exposed fish and shellfish.
Authors: B P Dunn
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

A large variety of environmental carcinogens are metabolically activated to electrophilic metabolites that can bind to nucleic acids and protein, forming covalent adducts. The formation of DNA-carcinogen adducts is thought to be a necessary step in the action of most carcinogens. Recently, a variety of new fluorescence, immunochemical, and radioactive-postlabeling procedures have been developed that allow the sensitive measurement of DNA-carcinogen adducts in organisms exposed to environmental carcinogens. In some cases, similar procedures have been developed for protein-carcinogen adducts. In an organism with active metabolic systems for a given carcinogen, adducts are generally much longer lived than the carcinogens that formed them. Thus, the detection of DNA- or protein-carcinogen adducts in aquatic foodstuffs can act as an indicator of prior carcinogen exposure. The presence of DNA adducts would, in addition, suggest a mutagenic/carcinogenic risk to the aquatic organism itself. Vertebrate fish are characterized by high levels of carcinogen metabolism, low body burdens of carcinogen, the formation of carcinogen-macromolecule adducts, and the occurrence of pollution-related tumors. Shellfish, on the other hand, have low levels of carcinogen metabolism, high body burdens of carcinogen, and have little or no evidence of carcinogen-macromolecule adducts or tumors. The consumption of carcinogen adducts in aquatic foodstuffs is unlikely to represent a human health hazard. There are no metabolic pathways by which protein-carcinogen or DNA-carcinogen adducts could reform carcinogens. Incorporation via salvage pathways of preformed nucleoside-carcinogen adducts from foodstuffs into newly synthesized human DNA is theoretically possible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Respiratory Intensive Care: A 10-Year Survey
Authors: R. K. B. Young, D. Campbell, J. M. Reid, A. B. M. Telfer
Journal: BMJ (1974)

The work of the respiratory intensive care unit at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary covering a period of 10 years and involving more than 2,000 patients has been analysed. The rate of admission of patients with acute respiratory or metabolic disturbances remained surprisingly constant over the years, allowing for the increase in available beds after 1965. A disturbing feature was the notable increase in the incidence of severe self-poisonings. The continued importance of infection as a life-threatening complication is also emphasized. The reduction in mortality observed in some of the most gravely ill patients appears to justify this approach to patient care.
Pseudohypoparathyroidism, Cimetidine, and Neurologic Toxicity
Authors: ALAN R. RUSHTON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1983Pseudohypoparathyroidism, Cimetidine, and Neurologic ToxicityALAN R. RUSHTON, M.D., PH.D.ALAN R. RUSHTON, M.D., PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-5-677_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Cimetidine is a histamine H2 receptor antagonist widely used to decrease gastric acid secretion in ulcer disease. Hallucinations, confusion, and agitation have been reported in persons with renal or hepatic dysfunction that prevents normal drug excretion and allows toxic levels to accumulate in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (1). Acute psychosis developed in a girl with an underlying metabolic disorder who accidentally took Cimetidine. Her behavior may be explained by the effect of the drug on the aberrant H2 receptor system in her brain tissue.A 16-year-old girl with pseudohypoparathyroidism had decreased serum levels of ionized calcium,...References1. KIMELBLATT B, CERRAR F, CALLERI G, BERG M, MCMILLEN M, and SCHENTAG J. Dose and serum concentration relationships in cimetidine-associated mental confusion. Gastroenterology. 1980;78:791-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. FARFEL Z, BROTHERS V, BRICKMAN A, CONTE F, NEER R, and BOURNE H. Pseudohypoparathyroidism: inheritance of deficient receptor: cyclase coupling activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1981:78:3098-102. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. ILLINGWORTH R and JARVIE D. Absence of toxicity in Cimetidine overdosage. Br Med J. 1979;1:453-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. SCHWARTZ J, POLLARD H, and QUACH T. Histamine as a neurotransmitter in mammalian brain. J Neurochem. 1980;35:26-33. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. GREEN J, JOHNSON L, WEINSTEIN H, and MAAYANI S. Antagonism of histamine-activated adenylate cyclase in brain by D-lysergic acid diethylamide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1977;74:5697-701. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ALAN R. RUSHTON, M.D., PH.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1983Volume 98, Issue 5_Part_1Page: 677-677KeywordsCalciumCerebrospinal fluidDrugsExcretionGastric ulcersHallucinationsHistamineMetabolic disordersPseudohypoparathyroidismToxicity ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
Lipoprotein(a) plasma concentrations associated with lipolytic activities in eight kindreds with familial combined hyperlipidemia and normolipidemic subjects
Authors: Manuel Castro Cabezas, Tjerk W.A. de Bruin, Margreet Van Linde-Sibenius Trip, Luciënne A.W. Kock, Hans Jansen, D.Willem Erkelens
Journal: Metabolism (1993)
Effects of vector-control interventions on changes in risk of malaria parasitaemia in sub-Saharan Africa: a spatial and temporal analysis
Authors: Federica Giardina, Simon Kasasa, Ali Sié, Jürg Utzinger, Marcel Tanner, Penelope Vounatsou
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2014)

In the past decade, decreases in clinical episodes and deaths due to malaria have been mainly associated with the expansion of vector-control measures, such as insecticide-treated bednets and indoor residual spraying. Malaria indicator surveys gather information about key malaria indicators through national representative household surveys. We aimed to estimate changes in risk of malaria parasitaemia at high spatial resolution in sub-Saharan Africa, and to quantify the effects of malaria interventions at national and subnational levels.In this spatial and temporal analysis, we analysed data from the six sub-Saharan countries that had publicly available data from two malaria indicator or demographic and health surveys with malaria measurements done in 2006-08 and 2010-12: Angola, Liberia, Mozambique, Senegal, Rwanda, and Tanzania. We used Bayesian geostatistical models to estimate the present malaria risk and to establish the change relative to the period between the last two national surveys. We applied Bayesian variable selection procedures to select the most relevant insecticide-treated-bednet measure for reducing malaria risk, and did spatial kriging over the study region to produce intervention coverage maps. We estimated the contribution of bednets and indoor residual spraying on changes in malaria risk, after adjustment for climatic and socioeconomic factors. Spatially varying coefficients of intervention coverage enabled estimation of their effects at subnational level.In all countries, the probability of decrease in parasitaemia varied substantially between regions. Insecticide-treated bednets were an important intervention for reducing malaria risk, according to different definitions of coverage. An overall effect of insecticide-treated bednets at country level was significant only in Angola (-0·64, 95% credible interval -0·98 to -0·30) and Senegal (-0·34, -0·64 to -0·05); however, in all countries, we detected significant effects of bednets and indoor residual spraying at local level.The described methodology is useful for the identification of regions where changes in malaria risk have taken place, and to describe the geographical pattern of malaria. Intervention effects vary in space, which might be driven by local endemicity levels. The produced maps provide a visual aid for national malaria control programmes to identify where targeted strategies and resources are most needed or likely to have the greatest effect on reducing the risk of parasitaemia.
<i>Thymidylate Synthase</i> and <i>Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase</i> Gene Polymorphism in Normal Tissue As Predictors of Fluorouracil Sensitivity
Authors: Anders Jakobsen, Jens Nederby Nielsen, Niels Gyldenkerne, Jan Lindeberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

To analyze thymidylate synthase (TS) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphism with respect to fluorouracil (FU) sensitivity.The study included a retrospective analysis of 88 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer and a prospective trial with 51 patients also with measurable metastases. All patients were treated with FU and leucovorin. The analysis of gene polymorphism was performed on normal intestinal tissue and lymphocytes.The response rate was significantly higher in patients with TS 3R/3R or MTHFR 677 TT gene polymorphism compared with the other groups. The difference of response rate translated to a difference in time to progression. Similar results were observed in the retrospective analysis and the prospective confirmatory trial.The analysis of gene polymorphism allows delineation of a group of patients (30%) with a response rate to a single drug of approximately 50%. This information should be used in the design of tailored treatment.
Short term measures to meet NHS targets cannot be sustained
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Some hospitals have met government targets on waiting times and care of patients by the skin of their teeth and a large amount of financial cunning, but they will find it hard to maintain their performance for another year, says a report from England's public spending watchdog.



The star ranking system should be revised because several two star and three star hospitals lacked capacity and needed support



Although hospitals and primary care trusts have cut the time that patients wait for a GP consultation, hospital appointment, or operation, they have done so by diverting money earmarked for other services, such as computers, medical equipment, and building maintenance, says the Audit …
The Plutonium Controversy
Authors: Herbert L. Volchok
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I would like to bring to your attention a serious discrepancy between data mentioned by Dr John W. Gofman (236:284, 1976) and some of our own. Dr Gofman stated "at the Rocky Flats installation, careful air monitoring... has shown air levels of resuspended plutonium not declining even after five years." This statement was followed by a reference to monthly reports of the Denver Department of Health. Other, perhaps more complete, information is available from our own research-monitoring program in the Rocky Flats area. The Health and Safety Laboratory of the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration carried out the initial comprehensive area mapping of the soil plutonium contamination near Rocky Flats in early 1970,<sup>1</sup>and the results of this study have been generally accepted and widely quoted by all sides in "the plutonium controversy."<sup>2-4</sup>In mid-1970, we initiated a program for continuous sampling and analysis
Amidopyrine and Pernicious Anaemia
Authors: L. J. Witts
Journal: BMJ (1941)

MEDICAL MEMORANDAEDICAL URNAL199days after a dose of diphtheria toxin-antitoxin.Vaughan and Pipes (1936) described a case very similar to the present one in which a severe reaction was caused by 0.1 c.cm. of anti-tetanic serum given intradermally.An interesting feature of our case was the rapidly spreading inflammation of lymphatic vessels and glands draining ;he site of injection.It is obvious that such a reaction must be due to the presence of some substance flowing along the lymphatic which causes dilatation of the surrounding capillaries as it travels.Whether this substance is the actual serum injected or some tissue product is unknown, but it is interesting to realize that 0.02 c.cm. of serum intra- dermally can produce such an intense and prolonged lymphangitis as was observed. SummaryA case of allergic shock after the intradermal injection of horse serum is described in a youth aged 18, who was also sensitive to poison ivy, pollen, and salmon protein.A severe systemic reaction was induced by as little as 0.02 c.cm. of serum given intradermally.The case emphasizes the importance of skin-testing before the therapeutic use of serum, particularly in patients with a family or personal history of allergic disease.
Pressure and Flow Generated by the Left Ventricle against Different Impedances
Authors: GIJS ELZINGA, NICOLAAS WESTERHOF
Journal: Circulation Research (1973)

To study selective changes in capacitive and resistive load under constant left atrial filling pressure, isolated cat hearts were loaded with a hydraulic model simulating the input impedance of the systemic arteries. The model was constructed so that resistive (peripheral resistance) and capacitive (total arterial compliance) characteristics could be changed independently. Aortic and left ventricular pressure and aortic flow, as generated by the left ventricle against the different impedances, were measured. An increase in resistance resulted in an increase in systolic, diastolic, and mean aortic pressure. A decrease in capacitance caused a small increase in systolic pressure and a decrease in diastolic and mean aortic pressure. Mean left ventricular pressure increased when resistance increased or capacitance decreased. Both peak flow and mean flow decreased when resistance increased or capacitance decreased. We attempted to explain these observations by the concept of source impedance. This concept had been, until now, incorrectly approached, because the nonlinearity arising from the aortic valves had been neglected. The correct computations met with difficulties, but it was shown that the isolated heart, with constant atrial filling pressure, behaved as neither a flow source nor a pressure source.
LIGATION OF THE BLEEDING VESSEL IN THE HEMORRHAGE FROM DUODENAL ULCER.
Authors: R. R. HUGGINS
Journal: JAMA (1907)

to be making no progress.The pains were very feeble and seemed to have scarcely any effect on the dilatation.I rup- tured the membranes, and the pains increased enough to dilate the os to about three inches, and then there was no further
Ventricular Tachycardia: Mechanisms and Management
Authors: Jay W. Mason
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Ventricular tachycardia recently has become the most intensively studied of the human arrhythmias. This is the result of new techniques to treat it and the recognition that it is the rhythm responsible for a large proportion of sudden deaths that number close to 500,000 a year in the United States alone. Therefore, the text edited by Josephson is timely. This book has a dominant clinical emphasis, but also presents some basic science data that bear on the clinical problem. The chapter by Peter Corr and Burton Sobel reviews several biochemical factors that may be involved in the genesis of ventricular arrhythmias. Andrew Wit gives a superb summary of intracellular and extracellular events recorded during the various phases of experimental myocardial infarction. Joseph Spear and colleagues give an insightful analysis of the cellular electrophysiological properties of infarcted human myocardium. Despite worry over experimental artifact, studies of this type, involving human tissue,
Clinical Management of Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Alan R. Gerstein
Journal: JAMA (1976)

This brief book, covering conservative management, dialysis, and transplantation, is intended primarily for physicians training in nephrology, but also for anyone treating a uremic patient. The first chapter, on conservative management, emphasizes treatable causes and complications of uremia. This section is so brief that it does little more than list the reversible causes. A physician treating azotemic patients must go to a more comprehensive source to get much help in diagnosis and management. The section on peritoneal dialysis is not quite adequate to serve as a guide to performing this procedure. With a little more detail on cannula insertion and draining problems, it would have been much more useful. It does cover the value of peritoneal dialysis in chronic uremia well. The main section of the book is two chapters on hemodialysis and complications in dialysis patients. This can be a useful introduction to hemodialysis for a physician entering this
Body Build, Running, and Mortality
Authors: Leonard F. Walts
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To the Editor.—  The term  arrhythmia was coined by Thomas J. Bassler, MD (1980;244:1437), to describe three cardiac deaths among lean marathon runners.  However, other than three anecdotes, there is no evidence for the existence of the entity that Bassler has named. Two of the three runners described had known heart disease; one had been, in the past, disabled by angina at rest. Bassler does not provide data on body size so the reader can determine whether, in fact, these runners were thinner than the average marathon runner. Even if these runners were slender, there is no evidence that the cardiac death rate of lean marathon runners is greater than the cardiac death rate of moderate-sized marathon runners. Finally, there were no data on food ingestion to determine whether there truly was a nutritional deficiency.  Rather than coining a new term and frightening patients, why not state the obvious.
Subjective efficacy of nasal CPAP therapy in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: a prospective controlled study
Authors: J.L. Kiely, M. Murphy, W.T. McNicholas
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

The response to nasal continuous positive airways pressure (nCPAP) of a wide variety of symptoms recognized to be associated with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) was examined. Fifty-six consecutive patients with OSAS, confirmed by polysomnography (mean (SD) apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) 49.6 (22.6) events x h(-1), Epworth score 15.4 (5.0)), were asked to complete paired symptom evaluation questionnaires, before treatment and again after 4 months of nCPAP. The response rate was 80%. A control group of 21 consecutive OSAS patients of similar age, body mass index (BMI), AHI and Epworth score to the treated group but managed with conservative measures, completed the same questionnaires on two occasions, 4 months apart. The nCPAP-treated group showed significant reductions (Wilcoxon matched pairs test) in the symptoms of daytime sleepiness, restless sleep, heartburn, nocturia, enuresis, headache and nocturnal sweating, whereas controls showed no significant changes in these symptoms. There were no changes in BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption or exercise habits in either group. It was concluded that, in addition to improvements in symptoms of daytime sleepiness and restless sleep, a wide range of other symptoms may improve significantly with nasal continuous positive airways pressure therapy.
Abstract 2434: Novel primate-crossreactive BiTE antibodies that eliminate cancer cells expressing cMet, IGFR-1, FAP-alpha, PSCA, Endosialin, CAIX or Her2/neu
Authors: Tobias J. Raum, Doris Rau, Roman Kischel, Claudia Bluemel, Susanne Hausmann, Carola Steiger, Petra Meier, Evelyn Ebert, Susanne Mangold, Patrick Hoffmann, Susanne Strasser, Ronny Cierpka, Majk Kvesic, Patrick A. Baeuerle, Peter Kufer
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract BiTE antibodies are designed to transiently connect target cells with T cells of patients for induction of potent redirected lysis of cancer cells. Clinical proof-of-concept has been obtained with CD19/CD3-bispecific BiTE antibody blinatumomab (MT103), which showed a high response rate in patients with relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and acute B-lymphocytic leukemia. An EpCAM/CD3-bispecific BiTE antibody called MT110 currently is in a dose-escalating phase 1 study in patients with lung or gastrointestinal cancers, and BiTE antibodies targeting carcinoembryonal antigen (CEA), EGFR, CD33 or melanoma chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (MCSP) are in earlier stages of development. Here, we have generated a series of novel BiTE antibodies for cancer therapy that are based on our novel BiTE antibody platform, which is human in sequence and cross-reactive between human and non-human primate antigens. One set of target antigens selected for new BiTE generation is also targeted by conventional monoclonal antibodies that are in various stages of clinical development. These are mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (cMet), insulin-like growth factor receptor type I (IGFR-1), prostate-specific stem cell antigen (PSCA), carboanhydrase type IX (CAIX) and Her2/neu. These targets are all expressed by cancer cells of solid tumors, and some also by their so-called cancer stem cells. By targeting fibroblast activating protein alpha (FAP-alpha), a first BiTE antibody was generated that not only targets sarcoma cells but also stromal fibroblasts, which constitute the stromal tissue of many human cancers. By targeting endosialin (CD248), a first BiTE antibody was generated targeting cancer blood vasculature. We show that various single-chain antibodies specific for the seven target antigens cMet, IGFR-1, FAP-alpha, PSCA, CAIX, Her2/neu and endosialin could in each case be used to construct novel BiTE antibodies. All BiTE antibodies showed bispecific binding, cross-reactivity between human and Cynomolgus monkey antigens, and, most importantly, potent redirected lysis of CHO cells expressing the respective target antigen. This shows that new T cell-engaging BiTE antibodies can be made specific for a great variety of potential tumor-associated and also for stromal antigens. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2434.
Van Riebeeck and Cape Town
Authors: Henry R. Viets
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

JAN VAN RIEBEECK, sea captain, merchant and surgeon, founded a Dutch trading station and post office on the tip of the Cape of Good Hope in 1652. Table Bay had long been a port of call for the intrepid Dutch sailors rounding the Cape on the way to or from the East Indies, as fresh water, meat and vegetables could be obtained there. In 1648, two Dutch ships were wrecked near the present site of Cape Town and the captains and crews remained with the natives for a number of months. Their sojourn was so pleasant that the Dutch East . . .