tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lifestyle Modification to Improve Blood Pressure Control in Individuals With Diabetes
Authors: Leonard E. Egede
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—To determine the effectiveness of physician advice on hypertension-related lifestyle modification in individuals with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Data on adults with one or more physician visit in the 1998 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were analyzed (diabetes, n = 1,609; no diabetes, n = 19,672). The proportion with hypertension who received physician advice to lose weight, increase physical activity, or take antihypertensive medications and the proportion who reported adhering to advice were compared by diabetes status. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with receipt of physician advice and adherence to advice by diabetes status controlling for covariates. Then, logistic regression was also used to determine the extent to which patient adherence among people with diabetes differed by age, sex, and race/ethnicity, controlling for other covariates. STATA statistical software was used for all analyses to account for the complex survey design of NHIS. RESULTS—Controlling for covariates, individuals with diabetes were more likely to receive advice (odds ratio [OR] 1.94 for weight loss, 1.99 for exercise, and 2.16 for medications). Adherence was more likely in individuals with diabetes (OR 1.40 for losing weight and 2.16 for taking medications). Adherence in people with diabetes did not differ by sex or race/ethnicity. Subjects 18–44 years old were least likely to report losing weight (OR 0.15) or taking medications (0.31) compared with subjects ≥65 years old. CONCLUSIONS—Physician advice appears effective at changing hypertension-related lifestyles in people with diabetes regardless of sex or race/ethnicity. However, advice on increasing physical activity does not seem as effective.
SOME FALLACIES IN THE AGGLUTINATION TESTSA PLEA FOR THE EMPLOYMENT OF A MORE UNIFORM TECHNIC.
Authors: OSKAR KLOTZ
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The increased attention which has of late been extended to the serum agglutination of bacteria has brought into prominence certain fallacies which arise in the experimenter's hands, and which must have been noted, to a greater or less extent, by everyone working in this subject. The literature which has now accumulated dealing with the agglutination of the typho-coli group alone is nigh unlimited, and many of the reports are so at variance with each other that we are landed in a hopeless confusion when we strive to draw the true inferences from them. Some have held that the agglutinine produced by each organism are specific, while a host of others have denied this and have pointed out that they are only special for closely allied groups of organisms. Others, again, have demonstrated that this agglutination reaction is not necessarily a vital one. but is also exhibited in inert substances
Scope of Surgery in Management of Deafness
Authors: I. B. Thorburn
Journal: BMJ (1958)

BrIHmiments; trauma caused by fine particles of metal in circu- lating soluble oil; and trauma produced by abrasive particles in moulding sand, refractory materials, etc.The first two causes-and these account for most of the cases- are preventable: the first by the education of the works first-aid departments to avoid the use of sensitizing applications, and the second by strict supervision of the various machines to ensure that all abrasive particles are filtered from the circulating coolants.The education of the works first-aid departments is a real problem, since there has grown up from the days of Lister the desire to " kill germs " at all cost.This desire is fostered both by qualified medical practitioners and by skilful advertising.Many antiseptics are potential sensitizing agents, and, although cases of sensitization dermatitis are uncommon, when they do occur they are tragic.The unfortunate individuals may, in the worst cases, never again return to their former skilled jobs, and, since these cases are preventable, they should never occur.In addition, one feels that, since many of these sub- stances act by coagulating protein, they may also actively delay the process of tissue repair.In my opinion the treatment of relatively trivial injuries should consist in the area being cleaned thoroughly with 1% cetrimide solution and either a sterile dry dressing or a dressing of sterile paraffin applied, the dressing not being disturbed until healing has taken place.
Selective, novel spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) inhibitors suppress chronic lymphocytic leukemia B-cell activation and migration
Authors: J Hoellenriegel, G P Coffey, U Sinha, A Pandey, M Sivina, A Ferrajoli, F Ravandi, W G Wierda, S O'Brien, M J Keating, J A Burger
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
NICE calls for wider use of statins
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Treatment with statins should be considered in patients with clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease and in people with a 20% or greater risk of developing the disease within 10 years. This was the recommended guidance to the NHS in England and Wales published last week, which will make an additional 3.3 million people eligible for these drugs.

The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), the body that advises on the use of treatments by the NHS, reviewed all available studies on the efficacy and cost …
Meta-analysis: Can<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>Eradication Treatment Reduce the Risk for Gastric Cancer?
Authors: Lorenzo Fuccio, Rocco Maurizio Zagari, Leonardo Henry Eusebi, Liboria Laterza, Vincenzo Cennamo, Liza Ceroni, Diego Grilli, Franco Bazzoli
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with gastric cancer, but the effect of eradication treatment on gastric cancer risk is not well defined. Purpose: To determine whether H. pylori eradication treatment can reduce the risk for gastric cancer. Data Sources: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and online clinical trial registers through 31 January 2009, without language restrictions. Study Selection: Randomized trials that compared eradication treatment with no treatment in H. pylori–positive patients and that assessed gastric cancer or progression of preneoplastic lesions during follow-up. Data Extraction: Two authors independently reviewed articles and extracted data. Data Synthesis: Seven studies met inclusion criteria, 1 of which was excluded from pooled analysis because of clinical and methodological heterogeneity. All studies were performed in areas with high incidence of gastric cancer, mostly in Asia. Overall, 37 of 3388 (1.1%) treated patients developed gastric cancer compared with 56 of 3307 (1.7%) untreated (control) participants. In a pooled analysis of 6 studies with a total of 6695 participants followed from 4 to 10 years, the relative risk for gastric cancer was 0.65 (95% CI, 0.43 to 0.98). Limitations: All studies but 1 were performed in Asia. Only 2 assessed gastric cancer incidence, and only 2 were double-blinded. Conclusion: Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment seems to reduce gastric cancer risk.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations in Plasma DNA Samples Predict Tumor Response in Chinese Patients With Stages IIIB to IV Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Hua Bai, Li Mao, hang Shu Wang, Jun Zhao, Lu Yang, tong Tong An, Xin Wang, chun Jian Duan, na Mei Wu, zhi Qing Guo, yi Xu Liu, hong Ning Liu, ye Yu Wang, Jie Wang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Purpose Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase domain can predict tumor response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, obtaining tumor tissues for mutation analysis is challenging. We hypothesized that plasma-based EGFR mutation analysis is feasible and has value in predicting tumor response in patients with NSCLC. Patients and Methods Plasma DNA samples and matched tumors from 230 patients with stages IIIB to IV NSCLC were analyzed for EGFR mutations in exons 19 and 21 by using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography. We compared the mutations in the plasma samples and the matched tumors and determined an association between EGFR mutation status and the patients' clinical outcomes prospectively. Results In 230 patients, we detected 81 EGFR mutations in 79 (34.3%) of the patients' plasma samples. We detected the same mutations in 63 (79.7%) of the matched tumors. Sixteen plasma (7.0%) and fourteen tumor (6.1%) samples showed unique mutations. The mutation frequencies were significantly higher in never-smokers and in patients with adenocarcinomas (P = .012 and P = .009, respectively). In the 102 patients who failed platinum-based treatment and who were treated with gefitinib, 22 (59.5%) of the 37 with EGFR mutations in the plasma samples, whereas only 15 (23.1%) of the 65 without EGFR mutations, achieved an objective response (P = .002). Patients with EGFR mutations had a significantly longer progression-free survival time than those without mutations (P = .044) in plasma. Conclusion EGFR mutations can be reliably detected in plasma DNA of patients with stages IIIB to IV NSCLC and can be used as a biomarker to predict tumor response to TKIs.
MEDICAL SOCIETY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
Authors: John F. W. Whitbeck
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reappraisal With Meta-Analysis of the Addition of Gram-Positive Prophylaxis to Fluoroquinolone in Neutropenic Patients
Authors: Mario Cruciani, Marina Malena, Oliviero Bosco, Stefano Nardi, Giovanni Serpelloni, Carlo Mengoli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Past reports and meta-analyses indicate that fluoroquinolones are highly effective in preventing Gram-negative infections in neutropenic cancer patients, but offer inadequate coverage for Gram-positive infections. We evaluated by meta-analysis the efficacy of the addition of antimicrobial agents with enhanced Gram-positive activity to prophylaxis with quinolones.Randomized trials comparing fluoroquinolones alone (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, or norfloxacin) with fluoroquinolone in combination with Gram-positive prophylaxis (rifampin, vancomycin, amoxicillin, roxithromycin, or penicillin) were retrieved. We pooled relative risks (RRs) using a fixed-effects model.Nine trials (1,202 patients) published between 1993 and 2000 meet inclusion criteria. Compared with fluoroquinolone alone, Gram-positive prophylaxis reduced total bacteremic episodes (RR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.26 to 1.88), streptococcal infections (RR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.44 to 3.37), coagulase-negative staphylococcal infections (RR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.04), and rate of febrile patients (RR 1.08; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.16). Occurrence of clinically documented infections, unexplained fever, and infectious mortality was similar in the two groups. The addition of Gram-positive prophylaxis, however, significantly increased side effects (RR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.76). Rifampin use resulted in a higher incidence of undesirable effects.Considering the lack of cut-clear benefit on some parameters of morbidity and mortality, routine use of Gram-positive prophylaxis is not advisable. This strategy, however, should be particularly valuable in subgroups of patients at high risk of streptococcal infection (eg, those with severe and prolonged neutropenia or mucositis, and those receiving cytarabine). Problems of tolerability and the potential for the emergence of resistant microorganisms should be considered when prescribing prophylaxis with enhanced Gram-positive activity to neutropenic patients.
Is it language that makes humans intelligent?
Authors: Jo Van Herwegen, Annette Karmiloff-Smith
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

The target article by Locke &amp; Bogin (L&amp;B) focuses on the evolution of language as a communicative tool. They neglect, however, that from infancy onwards humans have the ability to go beyond successful behaviour and to reflect upon language (and other domains of knowledge) as a problem space in its own right. This ability is not found in other species and may well be what makes humans unique.
Erroneous Diagnosis of Phaeochromocytoma in Hypertensive Patient on Labetalol
Authors: P-M Bouloux, L H Rees, V Clement-Jones, J E Goligher, R M Featherstone
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1985)

Labetalol is a commonly used antihypertensive agent with potent alphaand beta-adrenoceptor blocking properties. Since its inroduction into clinical practice, there have been several reports of its interference in the measurement of urinary catecholamines and their metabolites (Harris & Richards 1977, Miano et al. 1979, Richards et al. 1979, Hamilton et al. 1978, Kobayashi et al. 1978). Factitiously raised values have been reported from the urine of patients on labetalol using fluorimetric as well as spectrophotometric analyses. We describe a recent case where a hypertensive patient on labetalol underwent extensive investigations including an exploratory laparotomy in search of a phaeochromocytoma because of misleading urinary catecholamines levels.
Induction of β-Cell Rest in Type 1 Diabetes: Studies on the effects of octreotide and diazoxide
Authors: Elisabeth Björk, Christian Berne, F Anders Karlsson
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the inhibitory effects of octreotide and diazoxide on insulin secretion in patients with type 1 diabetes and measurable levels of circulating C-peptide. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Diazoxide was given to six patients during a 7-day period (100 mg three times daily), followed by a 3-week washout. Subsequently, octreotide (50 micrograms, three times daily) was administered subcutaneously for 7 days. Pre- and post- prandial blood glucose and serum C-peptide concentrations were measured before medication (control) and on day 7 of each medication period. Glucagon-stimulated C-peptide was determined in the morning before medication and on the day after each treatment period. RESULTS Diazoxide inhibited glucagon-stimulated C-peptide secretion (mean increment 0.08 nmol/l vs. 0.18 nmol/l, P &amp;lt; 0.05), whereas octreotide had no such effect. Both reduced the pre- and postprandial serum C-peptide concentrations (P &amp;lt; 0.05), octreotide being the more potent in this respect. A reduction in basal and meal-related blood glucose was observed during octreotide treatment, whereas the glucose concentrations tended to be higher during treatment with diazoxide than during the 24-h control period. CONCLUSIONS The study indicates that the two drugs reduce insulin output by different mechanisms. Diazoxide inhibits hormonal release directly on the beta-cells, whereas octreotide exerts its effect indirectly, presumably by multiple actions on insulin sensitivity and insulin-releasing hormones. The results suggest that each drug is capable of inducing beta-cell rest in type 1 diabetes.
Enhancement of hazelnut extract for IgE testing by recombinant allergen spiking
Authors: K. Andersson, B. K. Ballmer‐Weber, A. Cistero‐Bahima, J. Östling, I. Lauer, S. Vieths, J. Lidholm
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: Hazelnuts are a common cause of food allergic reactions. Most hazelnut allergic individuals in central and northern Europe are sensitized to Cor a 1, a member of the PR‐10 protein family, while the lipid transfer protein Cor a 8 acts as a major allergen in the south of Europe. Other allergens, including profilin and seed storage proteins, may be important in subgroups of patients. Reliable detection of specific IgE in the clinical diagnosis of food allergy requires allergen reagents with a sufficient representation of all relevant allergen components. Some reported observations suggest that natural hazelnut extract may not be fully adequate in this respect. Methods: The capacity of immobilized natural hazelnut extract to bind Cor a 1‐, Cor a 2‐ and Cor a 8‐specific IgE and IgG antibodies was investigated by serum adsorption and extract dilution experiments and by the use of allergen specific rabbit antisera. All measurements were performed with the ImmunoCAP assay platform. Results: The experimental results revealed an incomplete capacity of immobilized hazelnut extract to capture IgE antibodies directed to the major allergen Cor a 1. Spiking of hazelnut extract with recombinant Cor a 1.04 prior to solid phase coupling gave rise to significantly enhanced IgE antibody binding from Cor a 1 reactive sera. The spiking did not negatively affect the measurement of IgE to extract components other than Cor a 1. Conclusion: A hazelnut allergen reagent with enhanced IgE detection capacity can be generated by supplementing the natural food extract with recombinant Cor a 1.04.
Chekhov's Doctors: A Collection of Chekhov's Medical Tales
Authors: F. Butzen
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
General Thoracic Surgery
Authors: Carl E. Bredenberg
Journal: JAMA (1989)

This single-volume work on "general thoracic surgery" (as distinct from cardiac surgery) has by now become an established text. The first edition was pretty much the exclusive product of Dr Shields' own abundant experience and insight. Among other things, the first volume gave wide currency to the very term "general thoracic surgery." The second edition was perhaps most noteworthy for the expansion to include esophageal disease. This third edition appears six years following its predecessor and 17 years after the first edition. It is a multiauthored text, as was its immediate predecessor, and continues to expand its subject matter. The excellent anatomic sections from the previous edition are improved and extended to include lymphatic drainage of the esophagus and the embryology and anatomy of the diaphragm. I felt the chapters on physiology of the lungs were a bit perfunctory, but that is perhaps understandable in a book of this extent.
Improvement in Outcomes of Clinical Islet Transplantation: 1999–2010
Authors: Franca B. Barton, Michael R. Rickels, Rodolfo Alejandro, Bernhard J. Hering, Stephen Wease, Bashoo Naziruddin, Jose Oberholzer, Jon S. Odorico, Marc R. Garfinkel, Marlon Levy, Francois Pattou, Thierry Berney, Antonio Secchi, Shari Messinger, Peter A. Senior, Paola Maffi, Andrew Posselt, Peter G. Stock, Dixon B. Kaufman, Xunrong Luo, Fouad Kandeel, Enrico Cagliero, Nicole A. Turgeon, Piotr Witkowski, Ali Naji, Philip J. O’Connell, Carla Greenbaum, Yogish C. Kudva, Kenneth L. Brayman, Meredith J. Aull, Christian Larsen, Tom W.H. Kay, Luis A. Fernandez, Marie-Christine Vantyghem, Melena Bellin, A.M. James Shapiro
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

OBJECTIVE To describe trends of primary efficacy and safety outcomes of islet transplantation in type 1 diabetes recipients with severe hypoglycemia from the Collaborative Islet Transplant Registry (CITR) from 1999 to 2010. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 677 islet transplant-alone or islet-after-kidney recipients with type 1 diabetes in the CITR were analyzed for five primary efficacy outcomes and overall safety to identify any differences by early (1999–2002), mid (2003–2006), or recent (2007–2010) transplant era based on annual follow-up to 5 years. RESULTS Insulin independence at 3 years after transplant improved from 27% in the early era (1999–2002, n = 214) to 37% in the mid (2003–2006, n = 255) and to 44% in the most recent era (2007–2010, n = 208; P = 0.006 for years-by-era; P = 0.01 for era alone). C-peptide ≥0.3 ng/mL, indicative of islet graft function, was retained longer in the most recent era (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Reduction of HbA1c and resolution of severe hypoglycemia exhibited enduring long-term effects. Fasting blood glucose stabilization also showed improvements in the most recent era. There were also modest reductions in the occurrence of adverse events. The islet reinfusion rate was lower: 48% by 1 year in 2007–2010 vs. 60–65% in 1999–2006 (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Recipients that ever achieved insulin-independence experienced longer duration of islet graft function (P &amp;lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The CITR shows improvement in primary efficacy and safety outcomes of islet transplantation in recipients who received transplants in 2007–2010 compared with those in 1999–2006, with fewer islet infusions and adverse events per recipient.
Elevating body temperature enhances hematopoiesis and neutrophil recovery after total body irradiation in an IL-1–, IL-17–, and G-CSF–dependent manner
Authors: Maegan L. Capitano, Michael J. Nemeth, Thomas A. Mace, Christi Salisbury-Ruf, Brahm H. Segal, Philip L. McCarthy, Elizabeth A. Repasky
Journal: Blood (2012)
Use of anticonvulsants in eclampsia and pre-eclampsia: survey of obstetricians in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland
Authors: A M. Gulmezoglu, L. Duley
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Pre-eclampsia is a multisystem disorder associated with hypertension and proteinuria and is a fairly common complication of pregnancy. Eclampsia, the occurrence of fits with pre-eclampsia, is rare, but both conditions can have serious consequences for the mother and infant. Anticonvulsants are given to women with eclampsia to prevent further fits and to women with pre-eclampsia to prevent the first fit, thereby improving the outcome for mother and infant. Clinical practice, however, varies greatly worldwide. In the United Kingdom diazepam has been popular since the 1970s and phenytoin since the early 1990s, but the use of magnesium sulphate remains uncommon. 1 2 Magnesium sulphate has been widely used for decades in the United States and has recently been acknowledged as the preferred anticonvulsant for women with eclampsia.3 There is little …