tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Capital Crime: Black Infant Mortality in America
Authors: Jane E. Hodgson
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Why do 10 000 black American infants die during their first year of life, and why is this rate increasing? Why is the black infant mortality rate twice that of white infants, with no signs of any narrowing gap between the two races? The reader is immediately gripped by a powerful foreword, written by John W. Scanlon, MD, director of neonatalogy, Columbia Hospital for Women, Washington, DC. He vividly describes the neonatal intensive care units in our nation's capital, where tiny victims are born, incompletely formed, to be attached to electronic monitors and infusions. He describes how the survivors too frequently develop blindness, hearing loss, infections, and permanent handicaps. After incurring hundreds of thousands of dollars of hospital costs, infants are discharged to the same bleak, often violent environment that launched their premature arrival into neonatal intensive care. The result of these premature births is a black infant mortality rate
Null Cell Adenomas of the Pituitary Gland: an Institutional Review of Their Clinical Imaging and Behavioral Characteristics
Authors: James A. Balogun, Eric Monsalves, Kyle Juraschka, Kashif Parvez, Walter Kucharczyk, Ozgur Mete, Fred Gentili, Gelareh Zadeh
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2014)
Cheap, managed death
Authors: T. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1995)

For most of medical history doctors have had ethical and financial incentives to keep their patients alive. Preserving life as long as possible was, until recently, the automatic, unquestioned response by a physician to serious illness. In many systems of medical care the longer a patient was kept alive the higher the fees earned by the medical attendants; while even in systems such as the NHS, where prolonged illness was expensive for the hospital, no one questioned the obligation to preserve life.

Two quite separate developments in the past 10 years or so have now changed that picture, and some voices in …
Racial Factors in Patient Selection
Authors: JOE YAMAMOTO, QUINTON C. JAMES, MILTON BLOOMBAUM, JACK HATTEM
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

A previous study of 594 consecutive admissions to an outpatient clinic indicated that patients were being treated differently depending upon factors of race. The followup reported here showed that therapists with low ethnocentricity (as measured by the Bogardus Social Distance Scale) more often treated ethnic-minority patients in proportions comparable with Caucasian patients and that therapists with greater feelings of ethnocentricity less often saw minority-group patients in treatment lasting six or more visits.
ADDITIONAL EXPERIENCES IN THE HYPODERMIC USE OF ARSENIC.Read before the Section of Neurology and Medical Jurisprudence, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: HAROLD N. MOYER
Journal: JAMA (1893)

In a former communication we called attention to the value of the hypodermic method of giving arsenic and reported some eight cases all told in which it was employed. Since that time a large additional experience with the method has but confirmed our previous good opinion. The list now includes twenty-eight cases of chorea, three of paralysis agitans and eight cases of neurasthenia. The hypodermic use of Fowler's solution has been recommended by numerous writers. Hammond claimed that the dose which could be administered in this way was much greater than could be safely administered by the mouth. He says: "I have frequently given as high as 35 drops of Fowler's solution as an initial dose. It is very certain that the stomach would not tolerate this quantity. Again, I have often carried the amount given by the mouth to the utmost bounds of prudence—till the eyes were puffed and
"Physician Migration: Brain Drain or Overflow?"
Authors: Henry R. Mason
Journal: JAMA (1973)

This is the title of a recent article written by an Iranian medical educator, Bahman Joorabchi.<sup>1</sup>The article deals with the large number of Iranian-educated physicians emigrating to the United States in recent years. In it, he postulates a thesis that is contrary to that of recent American writers who have adopted the brain-drain theory. These latter authors characterize the United States as the world's richest nation seducing badly needed physicians away from poor, developing nations. Dr. Joorabchi demonstrates in very clear terms that the shifting from Iran is an overflow and not a brain-drain. He theorizes that the economy of Iran cannot absorb these native sons who have taken specialty training in United States hospitals. Following five years of residency in relatively sophisticated facilities, working with a variety of technical assistants, their advanced knowledge and skills are not suited to the medical economy of Iran. In recent years,
A Comprehensive Family-Based Replication Study of Schizophrenia Genes
Authors: Karolina A. Aberg, Youfang Liu, Jozsef Bukszár, Joseph L. McClay, Amit N. Khachane, Ole A. Andreassen, Douglas Blackwood, Aiden Corvin, Srdjan Djurovic, Hugh Gurling, Roel Ophoff, Carlos N. Pato, Michele T. Pato, Brien Riley, Todd Webb, Kenneth Kendler, Mick O’Donovan, Nick Craddock, George Kirov, Mike Owen, Dan Rujescu, David St Clair, Thomas Werge, Christina M. Hultman, Lynn E. Delisi, Patrick Sullivan, Edwin J. van den Oord
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a devastating psychiatric condition. Identifying the specific genetic variants and pathways that increase susceptibility to SCZ is critical to improve disease understanding and address the urgent need for new drug targets.To identify SCZ susceptibility genes.We integrated results from a meta-analysis of 18 genome-wide association studies (GWAS) involving 1,085,772 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 6 databases that showed significant informativeness for SCZ. The 9380 most promising SNPs were then specifically genotyped in an independent family-based replication study that, after quality control, consisted of 8107 SNPs.Linkage meta-analysis, brain transcriptome meta-analysis, candidate gene database, OMIM, relevant mouse studies, and expression quantitative trait locus databases.We included 11,185 cases and 10,768 control subjects from 6 databases and, after quality control 6298 individuals (including 3286 cases) from 1811 nuclear families.Case-control status for SCZ.Replication results showed a highly significant enrichment of SNPs with small P values. Of the SNPs with replication values of P.01, the proportion of SNPs that had the same direction of effects as in the GWAS meta-analysis was 89% in the combined ancestry group (sign test, P < 2.20 x 10(-16) and 93% in subjects of European ancestry only (P < 2.20 < 10(-16)). Our results supported the major histocompatibility complex region showing a3.7-fold overall enrichment of replication values of P < .01 in subjects from European ancestry. We replicated SNPs in TCF4 (P = 2.53 x 10(-10)) and NOTCH4 (P = 3.16 x 10(-7)) that are among the most robust SCZ findings. More novel findings included POM121L2 (P = 3.51 x 10(-7)), AS3MT (P = 9.01 x 10(-7)), CNNM2 (P = 6.07 = 10(-7)), and NT5C2(P = 4.09 x 10(-7)). To explore the many small effects, we performed pathway analyses. The most significant pathways involved neuronal function (axonal guidance, neuronal systems, and L1 cell adhesion molecule interaction)and the immune system (antigen processing, cell adhesion molecules relevant to T cells, and translocation to immunological synapse).We replicated novel SCZ disease genes and pathogenic pathways. Better understanding the molecular and biological mechanisms involved with schizophrenia may improve disease management and may identify new drug targets.
Equality, sustainability, and quality of life
Authors: R. G. Wilkinson, K. E. Pickett, R. D. Vogli
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Action on climate change is hampered by the view that reducing carbon emissions will involve a sacrifice in living standards. But <b>Richard Wilkinson</b>, <b>Kate Pickett</b>, and<b> Roberto De Vogli</b> argue that greater equality will not only help achieve sustainability but also enhance the real quality of life
Remission of epidermodysplasia verruciformis-like skin eruption after highly active antiretroviral therapy in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient
Authors: N. Haas, P.G. Fuchs, B. Hermes, B.M. Henz
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

British Journal of DermatologyVolume 145, Issue 4 p. 669-670 Remission of epidermodysplasia verruciformis-like skin eruption after highly active antiretroviral therapy in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient N. Haas, N. Haas Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty (Charité), Humboldt-University Berlin, Schumannstrasse 20/21, 10117 Berlin, Germany*Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorP.G. Fuchs, P.G. Fuchs Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty (Charité), Humboldt-University Berlin, Schumannstrasse 20/21, 10117 Berlin, Germany*Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorB. Hermes, B. Hermes Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty (Charité), Humboldt-University Berlin, Schumannstrasse 20/21, 10117 Berlin, Germany*Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorB.M. Henz, B.M. Henz Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty (Charité), Humboldt-University Berlin, Schumannstrasse 20/21, 10117 Berlin, Germany*Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, GermanySearch for more papers by this author N. Haas, N. Haas Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty (Charité), Humboldt-University Berlin, Schumannstrasse 20/21, 10117 Berlin, Germany*Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorP.G. Fuchs, P.G. Fuchs Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty (Charité), Humboldt-University Berlin, Schumannstrasse 20/21, 10117 Berlin, Germany*Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorB. Hermes, B. Hermes Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty (Charité), Humboldt-University Berlin, Schumannstrasse 20/21, 10117 Berlin, Germany*Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorB.M. Henz, B.M. Henz Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty (Charité), Humboldt-University Berlin, Schumannstrasse 20/21, 10117 Berlin, Germany*Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, GermanySearch for more papers by this author First published: 23 December 2001 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04426.xCitations: 20Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume145, Issue4October 2001Pages 669-670 RelatedInformation
pH of the contents of the duodenal bulb in relation to duodenal ulcer.
Authors: J Rhodes, H T Apsimon, J H Lawrie
Journal: Gut (1966)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS Wide fluctuations ofpH were found in the duodenal bulb for at least six hours after a meal.There was a clear correlation between pain and duodenal acidity.To test the hypothesis that duodenal ulcer is caused by abnormal acidity, it is necessary to measure acidity in the ulcer-bearing part of the duodenum.Previous investigators have attempted to do this, either by aspirating duodenal contents (Morton, 1929
Characteristics of Female Psychiatrists
Authors: Erica Frank, Lisa Boswell, Leah J. Dickstein, Daniel P. Chapman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed within-gender differences between psychiatrists and other physicians by using data taken from a large national sample of U.S. female physicians. METHOD: The authors used data from the Women Physicians' Health Study, a large, national questionnaire-based survey conducted in 1993–1994, to compare characteristics of female psychiatrists (N=570) with those of other female physicians (N=3,875). RESULTS: Psychiatrists were older, in poorer health, less likely to be married, more likely to be current or ex-smokers, and more likely to be politically liberal than were the other female physicians. Psychiatrists were somewhat (although not necessarily significantly) more likely than the other female physicians to report having had personal or family histories of various psychiatric disorders. Psychiatrists were more likely to have a solo practice and less likely to be in a group practice. They worked fewer hours than the other female physicians but reported comparable hourly incomes. Psychiatrists did not differ from the other female physicians in perceived work amount, work stress, work control, or career satisfaction. Their satisfaction with their specialty was, however, greater than that of the other female physicians. For nearly all of the 14 preventive health care counseling practices examined, the amount of preventive counseling psychiatrists reported performing, the clinical relevance they ascribed to those practices, their self-confidence in performing the practices, and the amount of training they reported receiving in preventive counseling practices was significantly lower than that of primary care practitioners and lower than or comparable to that of other specialists. CONCLUSIONS: Female psychiatrists significantly differ from other female physicians with regard to a number of personal and professional dimensions.
Overview of the fibroblast growth factor and receptor families: complexity, functional diversity, and implications for future cardiovascular research
Authors: S. E Hughes, P. A Hall
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Overview of the fibroblast growth factor and receptor families: complexity, functional diversity, and implications for future cardiovascular research Get access Siân E Hughes, Siân E Hughes Division of Histopathology, UMDS, St Thomas' Campus, Lambeth Palace Road, London SEl 7EH, United Kingdom: S E Hughes, P A Hall. Correspondence to Dr Hughes. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Peter A Hall Peter A Hall Division of Histopathology, UMDS, St Thomas' Campus, Lambeth Palace Road, London SEl 7EH, United Kingdom: S E Hughes, P A Hall. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 7, July 1993, Pages 1199–1203, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.7.1199 Published: 01 July 1993 Article history Received: 04 May 1993 Accepted: 04 May 1993 Published: 01 July 1993
National Health Information Network Cost and Structure
Authors: James M. Kretz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Letters17 January 2006National Health Information Network Cost and StructureJames M. Kretz, BA, MAJames M. Kretz, BA, MAFrom Reproductive Endocrinology Software, Cabin John, MD 20818.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-144-2-200601170-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I was dismayed by the superficiality that underpinned much of the article by Kaushal and colleagues (1). The wholesale adoption of the Santa Barbara County Data Exchange (SBCDE) as a working model for the nation because it could provide good cost data seems something like a drunk looking for his keys not near where he dropped them but instead beneath the streetlight because that is where light is.By using the SBCDE as a template, the authors reasoned that “Each data supplier requires a dedicated server to store aggregated data for exchange.” With that server come several ...Reference1. Kaushal R, Blumenthal D, Poon EG, Jha AK, Franz C, Middleton B, et al. The costs of a national health information network. Ann Intern Med. 2005;143:165-73. [PMID: 16061914] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: James M. Kretz, BA, MAAffiliations: From Reproductive Endocrinology Software, Cabin John, MD 20818.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Costs of a National Health Information Network Rainu Kaushal , David Blumenthal , Eric G. Poon , Ashish K. Jha , Calvin Franz , Blackford Middleton , John Glaser , Gilad Kuperman , Melissa Christino , Rushika Fernandopulle , Joseph P. Newhouse , and David W. Bates , and the Cost of National Health Information Network Working GroupNational Health Information Network Cost and Structure Michael M. Rothkopf and Herschel S. Jackson National Health Information Network Cost and Structure Rainu Kaushal , David W. Bates , and David Blumenthal National Health Information Network Cost and Structure Robert H. Dolin and Andrew M. Wiesenthal National Health Information Network Cost and Structure Robert B. Doherty Metrics 17 January 2006Volume 144, Issue 2Page: 145-146KeywordsConflicts of interestHealth care sectorHealth information technologyInformation technologyMedical servicesMumpsSoftware design ePublished: 17 January 2006 Issue Published: 17 January 2006 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Evidence for an alpha/beta T cell-independent mechanism of resistance to mycobacteria. Bacillus-Calmette-Guerin causes progressive infection in severe combined immunodeficient mice, but not in nude mice or in mice depleted of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
Authors: A A Izzo, R J North
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Depleting thymectomized mice of CD4+ T cells, or CD4+ plus CD8+ T cells, rendered them incapable of resolving Bacillus-Calmette-Guerin (BCG) infection in their lives, spleens, kidneys, and lungs. However, it did not render them incapable of stabilizing infection in the latter three organs after an initial period of BCG growth. Athymic nude mice showed a similar capacity to control BCG growth in these organs after a certain stage of infection. In contrast, congenitally severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice appeared to offer no resistance to BCG infection, in that the organism grew progressively in all organs of these mice and was lethal for them beginning on day 55 of infection. The results suggest that, although CD4+ T cells are important for resolving BCG infection, an alpha/beta T cell-independent mechanism of resistance can be acquired at 2-3 wk of infection that is capable of inhibiting further BCG growth in all organs except the lungs. Because this mechanism is absent from SCID mice, it is likely that it depends on the functions of gamma/delta T cells, B cells, or both types of cells. In keeping with this possibility is the additional finding that SCID mice engrafted with lymph node cells depleted of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells were capable of expressing an appreciable level of resistance against BCG infection.
Unequal synonymous substitution rates within and between two protein- coding mitochondrial genes
Authors: J. P. Bielawski, J. R. Gold
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

Genes encoded by mitochondrial DNA display considerable heterogeneity of sequence change. Among protein-coding genes, rates and patterns of nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions are influenced by differential selective constraints relative to amino acid composition and function of the gene product. Synonymous substitutions are presumably free of functional constraints on amino acid sequence. However, patterns of synonymous substitutions are not uniform. Observations of transition bias at synonymous sites across many groups of closely related taxa have led to general agreement that transitional substitutions, as a class, evolve more rapidly than transversional substitutions. Furthermore, strong nucleotide compositional bias present at largely synonymous third codon positions suggests that even within transitions or transversions the pattern of nucleotide substitution may not be uniform (Perna and Kocher 1995). Substitutional processes of mitochondrial genes are complex and additionally can vary with taxonomic group. In this study, we examined nucleotide sequence evolution of two protein-coding mtDNA genes (cytochrome b and ND4L) among closely related species of the North American cyprinid genus Notropis. Cytochrome b (cyt b) is a well-characterized gene whose predicted amino acid sequence appears to be conserved (Irwin, Kocher, and Wilson 1991; Martin and Palumbi 1993; Cantatore et al. 1994). ND4L is a smaller and less well-characterized gene whose predicted amino acid sequence is thought to be much less conserved than that of cyt b (Johansen, Guddal, and Johansen 1993; Meyer 1993). A 533-base-pair (bp) fragment of the cyt b gene and the entire ND4L gene (297 bp) were sequenced from representatives of eight species of the cyprinid genus Notropis. These included six species of the subgenus Notropis (N. amabilis, N. atherinoides, N. oxyrhynthus, N. shumardi, N. stilbius, and N. telescopus), N. rubellus (placed in the subgenus Notropis by Mayden and Matson [ 1988]), and N. girardi (placed in the subgenus Notropis by Coburn and Cavender [ 19921). Species were sampled from wild populations by seining. Genomic DNA was prepared using phenol : chloroform extraction and selected genes were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR thermal profile consisted of 35 cycles of 95°C denaturation
Reduced erythropoietin secretion in senile anemia
Authors: Kazuomi Kario, Kazuya Kodama, Takefumi Matsuo, Kazukiyo Nakao, Reiko Asada
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

Abstract To investigate the etiology of the age‐related decrease in hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, we measured serum erythropoietin (EPO), serum iron, total iron binding capacity, and serum feritin levels in 247 elderly subjects aged 60–99 years. EPO levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. An age‐related increase in the serum EPO concentration (r = 0.220; P &lt; 0.01) and a significant inverse relationship between EPO and Hb concentrations were found in normal elderly subjects without anemia (r = –0.302; P &lt; 0.001), but not in 111 younger controls. Serum EPO levels were slightly higher in elderly subjects with preanemic iron deficiency than in the normal elderly subjects (P &lt; 0.05). These results suggest that the EPO secretion is accelerated in the elderly even though the Hb remains above 12.0 g/dl, probably as a compensatory mechanism for peripheral tissue hypoxia. An inverse relationship between the EPO and Hb concentrations was found in the elderly subjects with iron deficiency anemia, but not in those with unexplained senile anemia. The changes of EPO levels were also assessed in 20 elderly subjects who had developed anemia when reviewed after 12 months. Serum EPO levels increased in relation to the decrease in Hb concentration in those with iron deficiency anemia, but not in those with unexplained senile anemia. Reduced EPO secretion thus seems to play a role in the progression of unexplained senile anemia, and recombinant human EPO may possibly be effective for treating this type of anemia by mobilizing excess iron. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.