tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Malathion Poisoning with Special Reference to the Effect of Cholinesterase Inhibition on Erythrocyte Survival
Authors: Alan R. Goldin, Arthur H. Rubenstein, Basil A. Bradlow, Guy A. Elliott
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

SINCE the introduction of the organophosphate malathion (the o-odimethyl dithiophosphate of diethylmercaptosuccinate) to the insecticide market in 1954, it has become widely used for agricultural and domestic purposes. Because of its relatively low toxicity, which is one fortieth, that of parathion, very few cases of poisoning by this substance have been reported1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 (Table 1). Like that of the other organophosphates its main action is to interfere with the activity of cholinesterases in all tissues, resulting in parasympathetic overactivity and voluntary-muscle paralysis.An almost fatal case of malathion poisoning is reported below because of its interest in two respects apart from . . .
Rare diseases and effective treatments: are we delivering?
Authors: Lucio Luzzatto, Carla E M Hollak, Timothy M Cox, Arrigo Schieppati, Christoph Licht, Helena Kääriäinen, Giampaolo Merlini, Franz Schaefer, Steven Simoens, Luca Pani, Silvio Garattini, Giuseppe Remuzzi
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
THE R.A.M.C. AS A CAREER: Introductory Address at St. Mary's Hospital, London
Authors: J. Goodwin
Journal: BMJ (1919)

IP was comparatively recently that I realized the near advent of the first of October and the fact tlhat My address was' still unwritten.I cast round for advio, I asked one triend as to the nature of the subject on which I slhould address you; lhe anowered: "Oh, that's quite simple- reply to the criticism4s 'whiclh lhave been directed at the Axmy Medical Service during the war.
Comparative Effectiveness of Extrafine Hydrofluoroalkane Beclometasone (EF HFA-BDP) and Fluticasone Propionate (FP) in Smoking Asthmatic Patients — a Retrospective, Real-Life Observational Study in a UK Primary Care Asthma Population
Authors: David Price, Richard J. Martin, Mark Milton-Edwards, Elliot Israel, Nicolas Roche, Annie Burden, Julie von Ziegenweidt, Shuna E. Gould, Elizabeth Hillyer, Gene L. Colice
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Bullous hemorrhagic dermatosis at sites distant from subcutaneous injections of heparin: A report of 5 cases
Authors: Paola Maldonado Cid, Ricardo Moreno Alonso de Celada, Pedro Herranz Pinto, Lucero Noguera Morel, Rosa Feltes Ochoa, Maria José Beato Merino, Elena Collantes Bellido, Mónica López Rodríguez, Mariano Casado Jiménez
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2012)
gamma/delta T cell-deficient mice have impaired mucosal immunoglobulin A responses.
Authors: K Fujihashi, J R McGhee, M N Kweon, M D Cooper, S Tonegawa, I Takahashi, T Hiroi, J Mestecky, H Kiyono
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Mucosal tissues of mice are enriched in T cells that express the gamma/delta T cell receptor. Since the function of these cells remains unclear, we have compared mucosal immune responses in gamma/delta T cell receptor-deficient (TCRdelta-/-) mice versus control mice of the same genetic background. The frequency of intestinal immunoglobulin (Ig) A plasma cells as well as IgA levels in serum, bile, saliva, and fecal samples were markedly reduced in TCRdelta-/- mice. The TCRdelta-/- mice produced much lower levels of IgA antibodies when immunized orally with a vaccine of tetanus toxoid plus cholera toxin as adjuvant. Conversely, the antigen-specific IgM and IgG antibody responses were comparable to orally immunized control mice. Direct assessment of the cells forming antibodies against the tetanus toxoid and cholera toxin antigens indicated that significantly lower numbers of IgA antibody-producing cells were present in the intestinal lamina propria and Peyer's patches of TCRdelta-/- mice compared with the orally immunized control mice. The selective reduction of IgA responses to ingested antigens in the absence of gamma/delta T cells suggests a specialized role for gamma/delta cells in mucosal immunity.
Dramatic Parotid Uptake of I-131 on a Diagnostic Whole-Body Scan
Authors: MARIE R. CARLISLE, I. ROSS McDOUGALL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

Radiation sialadenitis is a complication of I-131 therapy for thyroid cancer. They authors report a case of intense uptake by parotid glands in a diagnostic I-131 scan (2 mCi) in whom sialadenitis had developed previously after a 100-mCi dose of I-131. Similar examples of images could not be found in the literature.
Lectures on the Occurrence of Organic Forms in Connection with Contagious and Infective Diseases
Authors: J. B. Sanderson
Journal: BMJ (1875)

IN the bodies of men and of the higher animals, there are innumerable ,doorways by which particles as small as septic bacteria must constantly enter, yet no putrefactive changes occur.Bacteria, as we have seen, are, if I may so express myself, potentially present in all articles of food; for every kind of ordinary liquid has the faculty, when added, even in the smallest proportion, to a " cultivation liquid" (i.e., a liquid fitted to serve as soil), of determining in it at once the development of bacteria.The fact that, even when we employ the highest powers of the micro- scope, we can see absolutely nothing in these liquids, only teaches us that our modes of observation are insufficient; for we have the proof, slot merely that they act zymotically, but that we can deprive them at will of this power, either by heat or by agents such as carbolic acid, which are destructive to bacterial life.Thus, in ordinary drinking water, in cold meat, in fresh vegetables, in cheese above all, and in all ordinary specimens of milk, we are constantly taking in efficient sources of saprogenous life.When such aliments come into relation with the absorbing apparatus of the intestine, whatever of course is chemically soluble enters the blood-current by the veins, while the insoluble parts enter the lymphatic system by the villi.The mechanism of absorption by the villi is such that even inorganic solids, in a state of fine division, are very rea- dily taken in, and thus find their way from the intestinal cavity into the lacteals, through the thoracic duct, into the blood-stream.Anato- mically, this was formerly very difficult to understand ; for, so long as it was supposed that the epithelial covering of the villi was set on a structureless hyaline basement-membrane, it was difficult to see how particles could pass through such a membrane.Now we know that this membrane is not structureless, but that here, as in other examples of supposed structurelessness, the substance is penetrated by channels lined with protoplasm, which in the one direction are ready for the taking in nutritive particles, especially oleaginous ones, and in the other communicate with the commencing lacteal.But, before these anatomical conditions were known and understood,
Delinquency and Psychopathology
Authors: Stuart M. Finch
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Written by a child psychiatrist, a psychologist, and a social worker, this book deals with the extremely complex field of delinquency and, in ten chapters, covers a wide variety of topics. The authors worked closely with the juvenile court in New Haven, Conn.  As the authors make clear, delinquency is a legal and not a medical term that refers to those youngsters who behave in an unacceptable way in the society. They primarily saw only those youngsters referred to them by the court, and therefore do not believe they have had as complete a sample of so-called delinquents as they might. Nevertheless, they do believe that they have done a useful task and pointed the way for future investigations.  They frankly state that they cannot answer all of the questions they raise about delinquency, since there are so many causes. They do make a point with which most of us
Audit of a tuberculosis contact tracing clinic.
Authors: S. F. Hussain, R. Watura, B. Cashman, I. A. Campbell, M. R. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1992)

To determine the efficiency of tuberculosis contact tracing in South Glamorgan 1987-9.Review of records of contact tracing clinic and of data from the Mycobacterium Reference Unit. The clinic's practice was compared with 1983 British Thoracic Society's recommendations.Health authority tuberculosis control programme.Proportion of contacts screened, follow up attendance rates, number of secondary cases detected, and quality of record keeping.101 index patients and 611 contacts were identified. 596 (97.5%) contacts were screened, of whom 139 should not have been. Of 356 contacts requiring a Heaf test, 237 were tested, seven refused the test, and 112 had chest radiography without a Heaf test. 95 contacts were unnecessarily tested. 87 contacts had chest radiography unnecessarily and seven should have had radiography but did not. 34 contacts were given follow up appointments inappropriately and seven were overlooked for follow up. Tuberculosis was diagnosed in five asymptomatic contacts, all at initial screening and all close contacts of index patients with pulmonary disease.Inadequacy of data, non-adherence to contact tracing guidelines, and failure to define the term highly infectious index case resulted in many contacts being unnecessarily screened or followed up.The efficiency of tracing contacts would be improved by specifying smear results and ethnic origin of the index case on the notification form, clearly classifying contacts as close or causal, and clearly defining the term highly infectious.
The Effect of Sympathectomy on Blood Flow to Bone
Authors: Neil M. Trotman, William D. Kelly
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE EFFECT OF SYMPATHECTOMY on skin and muscle blood flow previously has been measured by several different methods.<sup>1</sup>The measurement of blood flow to the bone, however, has been difficult to achieve, and data on this point have been inferential.<sup>2, 3</sup>Within recent years, several methods have been described for the measurement of blood flow to a variety of tissues. These techniques are of particular interest, in that they make it possible to obtain simultaneous measurements of blood flow in several tissues in which such determinations are difficult. <h3>Method and Material</h3> The method used in this experiment has been well described by Sapirstein.<sup>4</sup>Briefly, it has been shown that for many tissues of the body, the tissue content of radioactive potassium (K<sup>42</sup>) or rubidium (Rb<sup>86</sup>) present in the first minute or two after injection of the isotope into the circulation is proportional to the
A role for Smad6 in development and homeostasis of the cardiovascular system
Authors: Katherine M. Galvin, Michael J. Donovan, Catherine A. Lynch, Ronald I. Meyer, Richard J. Paul, John N. Lorenz, Victoria Fairchild-Huntress, Kristen L. Dixon, Judy H. Dunmore, Michael A. Gimbrone, Dean Falb, Dennis Huszar
Journal: Nature Genetics (2000)
Thrombosis of splenic artery pseudoaneurysm complicating pancreatitis.
Authors: T De Ronde, B Van Beers, L de Canniere, J P Trigaux, M Melange
Journal: Gut (1993)

The natural history of pseudoaneurysms complicating pancreatitis is unknown. A patient with chronic pancreatitis is described in whom thrombosis of a splenic artery pseudoaneurysm occurred. Early diagnosis and radical treatment of a bleeding pseudoaneurysm are mandatory. When elective treatment is considered, however, contrast enhanced computed tomography may be useful just before surgery as thrombosis may occur.
Transient Pure Red-Cell Aplasia: Cell-Mediated Suppression of Erythropoiesis Associated with Hepatitis
Authors: H. ALEXANDER WILSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Transient pure red-cell aplasia is a rare complication of persistent acute hepatitis. We have investigated possible mechanisms for marrow suppression in one such patient who developed erythroid aplasia in the course of transfusion-related hepatitis. The patient's lymphocytes, obtained during the acute illness, markedly inhibited erythroid colony formation by donor marrow. After the patient recovered, remission lymphocytes in co-culture did not inhibit colony formation. No reversible suppression was demonstrable by addition of patient serum. These observations suggest that hematocytopenias associated with hepatitis may result from cell-mediated suppression induced by hepatic injury.
Coronary-Artery Disease among Physicians
Authors: Samuel A. Levine, J. A. Hindle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

IT IS well known by all physicians and even by the lay public that heart disease is at present the leading cause of death in this country. In fact, this has been so for some years. The great increase in the prevalence of this disease that has taken place during the last few decades has resulted mainly, if not entirely, from the increase in the number of cases of coronary-artery disease, hypertensive heart disease and other types of nonvalvular heart disease. There is no evidence that rheumatic valvular disease has been a factor in this change, and it is fairly . . .
Association of psoriasis with HLA-DR7
Authors: J.L. Tiwari,, N J. Lowe,, W. Abramovits,, B.R. Hawkins, M.S. Park
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Journal Article Association of psoriasis with HLA‐DR7 Get access J.L. Tiwari,, J.L. Tiwari, Department of Surgery, UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, and Combined UCLA‐VA Wadsworth Dermatology Program, Los Angeles, California 90024, U.S.A. J.L.Tiwari, Department of Surgery, 1000 Veteran Ave., University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N J. Lowe,, N J. Lowe, Department of Surgery, UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, and Combined UCLA‐VA Wadsworth Dermatology Program, Los Angeles, California 90024, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W. Abramovits,, W. Abramovits, Department of Surgery, UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, and Combined UCLA‐VA Wadsworth Dermatology Program, Los Angeles, California 90024, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B.R. Hawkins, B.R. Hawkins Department of Surgery, UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, and Combined UCLA‐VA Wadsworth Dermatology Program, Los Angeles, California 90024, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.S. Park M.S. Park Department of Surgery, UCLA School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, and Combined UCLA‐VA Wadsworth Dermatology Program, Los Angeles, California 90024, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 106, Issue 2, 1 February 1982, Pages 227–230, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb00934.x Published: 01 February 1982
With respect to old age
Authors: E. Murphy
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The last royal commission to deliberate on the problems of funding long term care for elderly people, which reported in 1895,1 was a disaster from start to finish. Despite growing national prosperity and a falling bill for poor relief, workhouses and poor law infirmaries were rapidly filling up with destitute sick old folk. Thousands more were reliant on their children for the basics of life. Old people's dependence on the unforgiving poor law system was becoming a deeply unpopular and unacceptable indignity. The Prince of Wales, a member of the commission, withdrew his support because of the endless political squabbling in committee. Joseph Chamberlain and his “pro-universal old age pension group” submitted an angry minority report, and five other members inserted disaffected addenda of dissent. To cap it all the commission's unfortunate chairman, Lord Aberdare, died the day before the report was published.

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Most members of that early commission were steeped in the culture of the poor law of 1834. They could not make the visionary leap into a world of planned personal pensions and therapeutically comfortable institutions, even when the mood of the public should have told then that some revolutionary thinking was required. With Respect to Old Age , the report of the recent …

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UNIVERSITIES AND MEDICAL PATENTS
Authors: M. C. PINCOFFS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1934)

Editorial1 August 1934UNIVERSITIES AND MEDICAL PATENTSM. C. PINCOFFSM. C. PINCOFFSSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-8-2-229 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAt the recent meeting of the American Medical Association at Cleveland, Dr. George Blumer introduced a motion, which was passed by the House of Delegates, requesting that a committee be appointed by the Board of Trustees to make a comprehensive study of the situation as to the control of patents covering products and devices used in the practice of medicine.One of the finer traditions of the medical profession prescribes that the physician shall make freely available to his colleagues and to the public any new medical knowledge which he may have gained, and shall not attempt to restrict the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1934Volume 8, Issue 2Page: 229-234 Issue Published: 1 August 1934 PDF downloadLoading ...
A Risk-Based Strategy Improves Prostate-Specific Antigen–Driven Detection of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Monique J. Roobol, Ewout W. Steyerberg, Ries Kranse, Tineke Wolters, Roderick C.N. van den Bergh, Chris H. Bangma, Fritz H. Schröder
Journal: European Urology (2009)
Withholding or Withdrawing Treatment
Authors: Fr. Robert Barry
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  I attended the symposium jointly sponsored by the American Medical Association and the Hastings Center in New Orleans from March 14 to 16 entitled A New Ethic for a New Medicine. The recently announced opinion of the Judicial Council on the feeding of irreversibly comatose patients will bring serious harm to the medical profession, and the members of the American Medical Association should reject this new opinion.  American medicine has become the most successful in history, in large part because it has attacked diseases with the expectation that scientific research and prudent practice would yield an effective cure or remedy. The Judicial Council's opinion on the feeding of comatose patients is in fact an admission of defeat, an admission that nothing can be done with patients in this condition, and that the only course of action to be taken with them is to guarantee their deaths by
Book Review Smith's Textbook of Endourology Second edition. Edited by Arthur D. Smith, Gopal Badlani, and Demetrius Bagley, with eight others. 972 pp., illustrated, plus index, with CD-ROM. Hamilton, Ont., Canada, BC Decker, 2007. $299.95. 978-1-55009-365-0
Authors: Edward M. Schaeffer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)
AMP-Activated Protein Kinase in the Heart
Authors: Michael Arad, Christine E. Seidman, J.G. Seidman
Journal: Circulation Research (2007)

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a heterotrimeric enzyme that is expressed in most mammalian tissues including cardiac muscle. Among the multiple biological processes influenced by AMPK, regulation of fuel supply and energy-generating pathways in response to the metabolic needs of the organism is fundamental and likely accounts for the remarkable evolutionary conservation of this enzyme complex. By regulating the activity of acetyl–coenzyme A carboxylase, AMPK affects levels of malonyl–coenzyme A, a key energy regulator in the cell. AMPK is generally quiescent under normal conditions but is activated in response to hormonal signals and stresses sufficient to produce an increase in AMP/ATP ratio, such as hypoglycemia, strenuous exercise, anoxia, and ischemia. Once active, muscle AMPK enhances uptake and oxidative metabolism of fatty acids as well as increases glucose transport and glycolysis. Data from AMPK deficiency models suggest that AMPK activity might influence the pathophysiology and therapy of diabetes and increase heart tolerance to ischemia. Effects that are not as well understood include AMPK regulation of transcription. Different AMPK isoforms are found in distinct locations within the cell and have distinct functions in different tissues. A principal mode of AMPK activation is phosphorylation by upstream kinases (eg, LKB1). These kinases have a fundamental role in cell-cycle regulation and protein synthesis, suggesting involvement in a number of human disorders including cardiac hypertrophy, apoptosis, cancer, and atherosclerosis. The physiological role played by AMPK during health and disease is far from being clearly defined. Naturally occurring mutations affecting the nucleotide-sensing modules in the regulatory γ subunit of AMPK lead to enzyme dysregulation and inappropriate activation under resting conditions. Glycogen accumulation ensues, leading to human disease manifesting as cardiac hypertrophy, accessory atrioventricular connections, and degeneration of the physiological conduction system. Whether AMPK is a key participant or bystander in other disease states and whether its selective manipulation may significantly benefit these conditions remain important questions.
Activity of the Vesicular Calcium Pump in the Spontaneously Failing Heart-Lung Preparation
Authors: EDWARD W. GERTZ, MICHAEL L. HESS, RICHARD F. LAIN, F. NORMAN BRIGGS
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

The in vitro calcium uptake activity has been examined in fragments of sarcoplasmic reticulum, i.e. vesicles, obtained from hearts spontaneously failing in the canine heart-lung preparation. The rate of uptake was found to be less than that observed for vesicles from control hearts. If the vesicles were prepared from a failed heart that had been treated in vivo with ouabain, then the rate of calcium uptake was normal. In vitro additions of ouabain increased the rate of calcium uptake only with vesicles prepared from failing hearts. This effect of ouabain on calcium uptake by vesicles appears, therefore, to be specific for the defect causing depression of calcium uptake. No evidence could be found that the depression of calcium uptake is due to uncoupling of the pump adenosine triphosphatase. Calcium uptake and adenosine triphosphatase activity were found to be proportionately depressed in the failing heart and proportionately restored by ouabain.
International Practice in Cardiothoracic Surgery
Authors: Alan T. Marty
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This book delights in describing those delicious victories of "doers" over "doubters." Besides historical and basic subjects, it compiles current views and techniques from more than 100 of the best cardiac and thoracic surgeons in the world. Both English and Chinese language editions have been published. Such an immense project has taken three years to accomplish, so the reviews of some topics, like myocardial preservation or cardiac transplantation, are not au courant. Some of the illustrations are of poor quality: for example, the reproduction of a selective arteriogram of the left T-12 costal artery, supposedly showing an artery of Adamkiewicz, is undecipherable. Fortunately, most of the figures are line drawings and thus escape this criticism. One of the best sections summarizes esophageal problems. Ellis' chapter on "Surgery for Achalasia" not only describes his methods in extenso, it also cogently answers those who criticize his "myotomy only" technique. Skinner's chapter starts