tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Serious hazards of transfusion (SHOT) initiative: analysis of the first two annual reports
Authors: L M Williamson, S Lowe, E M Love, H Cohen, K Soldan, D B L McClelland, P Skacel, J A J Barbara
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To receive and collate reports of death or major complications of transfusion of blood or components. <b>Design:</b> Haematologists were invited confidentially to report deaths and major complications after blood transfusion during October 1996 to September 1998. <b>Setting:</b> Hospitals in United Kingdom and Ireland. <b>Subjects:</b> Patients who died or experienced serious complications, as defined below, associated with transfusion of red cells, platelets, fresh frozen plasma, or cryoprecipitate. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Death, "wrong" blood transfused to patient, acute and delayed transfusion reactions, transfusion related acute lung injury, transfusion associated graft versus host disease, post-transfusion purpura, and infection transmitted by transfusion. Circumstances relating to these cases and relative frequency of complications. <b>Results:</b> Over 24 months, 366 cases were reported, of which 191 (52%) were "wrong blood to patient" episodes. Analysis of these revealed multiple errors of identification, often beginning when blood was collected from the blood bank. There were 22 deaths from all causes, including three from ABO incompatibility. There were 12 infections: four bacterial (one fatal), seven viral, and one fatal case of malaria. During the second 12 months, 164/424 hospitals (39%) submitted a "nil to report" return. <b>Conclusions:</b> Transfusion is now extremely safe, but vigilance is needed to ensure correct identification of blood and patient. Staff education should include awareness of ABO incompatibility and bacterial contamination as causes of life threatening reactions to blood. <h3>Key messages</h3> Blood transfusion, while extremely safe, has several potentially fatal hazards All staff handling blood should be aware of the importance of correct identity of sample, patient, and blood bag at all stages Resources should be directed to evaluation of methods for improving identification of patients Acute fever or collapse during or after transfusion may be due to ABO incompatibility or bacterial contamination Microbiological complications of transfusion accounted for a minor component of all reports
Overexpression of extracellular matrix receptors (VL-3, 5 and 6) on psoriatic keratinocytes
Authors: I. KELLNER, U. KONTER, W. STERRY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

The potential role of adhesion molecules in the pathophysiology of psoriasis was investigated and the pattern of expression of the cell-surface receptors ICAM-1, LFA-3, and VLA-1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 was determined in biopsies of skin from patients with psoriasis (n = 12) and from normal skin (n = 12). There were no differences in the intensity or localization of the adhesion molecules VLA-1, 2 and 4 and LFA-3. In contrast, VLA-3 and VLA-6, which are restricted to the basal keratinocytes in normal skin, were overexpressed in the spinous cells in psoriatic skin. ICAM-1 and VLA-5, which are not expressed by keratinocytes in normal skin, were focally induced, especially in cells above elongated rete ridges and where there was an infiltrate with intraepidermal granulocytes and lymphocytes.
Effects of high doses of inhaled corticosteroids on adrenal function in children with severe persistent asthma.
Authors: T K Ninan, I W Reid, P E Carter, P J Smail, G Russell
Journal: Thorax (1993)

BACKGROUND--Childhood asthma generally responds well to inhaled corticosteroids within the dosage range recommended by the manufacturers, but it is sometimes necessary to use higher doses--that is, above 400 micrograms/day--a practice which has become more widespread recently. Whereas the lack of adrenal suppression in children given inhaled corticosteroids in normal doses is well documented, little is known about the effects of higher doses. METHODS--The effects on adrenal function of high dose (above 400 micrograms/day) inhaled corticosteroids were evaluated by measuring cortisol concentration in the morning and performing a short tetracosactrin test in 49 children taking budesonide (mean age 9.2 years (range 4 to 16 years) and 28 children taking beclomethasone dipropionate (10.2 years (5 to 13 years)). Twenty three non-asthmatic children (8.9 years (4.9 to 13 years)) who were under investigation for short stature served as controls for the study. RESULTS--Compared with controls mean basal cortisol concentration was lower in children taking budesonide and beclomethasone dipropionate (control 401 (26.8) nmol/l, budesonide 284 (22) nmol/l, beclomethasone dipropionate 279 (23.2) nmol/l). Sixteen of the 49 children taking budesonide had subnormal basal cortisol concentrations compared with seven of the 28 taking beclomethasone dipropionate. Mean stimulated cortisol concentrations were lower in children taking inhaled corticosteroids than in controls, with no difference between those taking budesonide or beclomethasone dipropionate. CONCLUSIONS--Adrenal suppression occurs in some children who are given inhaled corticosteroids in doses greater than 400 micrograms/day. It may therefore be advisable to try alternative treatments before such doses are used.
Combination of Anti‐Biofouling and Ion‐Interaction by Click Chemistry for Endotoxin Selective Removal from Protein Solution
Authors: Jinshan Guo, Fanbo Meng, Xiabin Jing, Yubin Huang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

A successful combination of anti-biofouling and ion-interaction for endotoxin (ET) selective removal from protein solutions is realized via the immobilization of two ordinary polymers, PEG and PLL, which have protein resistance and endotoxin adsorption properties, respectively, together onto azide-functional polystyrene (PS-N3) microspheres (MSs) using a surface click reaction. Toxic copper ions residu is successfully minimized by the addition of 2,2′-bipyridine (BiPy). As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Rate of Progression and Functional Significance of Aortic Root Calcification After Homograft Versus Freestyle Aortic Root Replacement
Authors: Ismail El-Hamamsy, Mohamed Zaki, Louis M. Stevens, Lucy A. Clark, Michael Rubens, Giovanni Melina, Magdi H. Yacoub
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Calcification is an important limitation after aortic root replacement. The aims were to compare the long-term degree and rate of calcification of homografts versus Medtronic freestyle aortic roots to determine the functional consequences and predictive factors. Methods and Results— One hundred sixty-six patients were prospectively randomized to undergo homograft versus freestyle total aortic root replacement. Of those, 98 patients underwent a total of 248 electron beam computed tomography studies at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 8 years. All patients underwent yearly clinical and echocardiographic follow-up. Calcium scores were measured using Agatston scoring. Mixed effects models demonstrate significantly higher calcium scores in homograft roots than freestyle at 1.5 years ( P =0.02), 2 years ( P =0.02), and 3 years ( P =0.01), with a trend at 1 year ( P =0.06) and 8 years ( P =0.1). Homograft calcification occurs significantly faster than in freestyle prostheses between 6 months and 3 years after surgery ( P =0.02). Calcification occurs at a similar rate thereafter up to 8 years ( P =0.3). At 8 years, freedom from aortic valve dysfunction was lower in homografts than freestyle roots ( P =0.06). Freedom from reoperation was 93±4% in the homograft group versus 100±0% in the freestyle group at 8 years ( P =0.01). On multivariate analysis, redo surgery ( P &lt;0.001), smoking ( P &lt;0.01), atrial fibrillation ( P =0.001), family history of coronary artery disease ( P &lt;0.01), and a degenerative etiology ( P =0.02) were predictive of higher calcium scores. Conclusion— Homograft roots exhibit significantly higher calcium scores than freestyle roots because of faster early calcification.
Epidermal dysplasia and cyclosporine therapy in renal transplant patients: a comparison with azathioprine
Authors: D. SHUTTLEWORTH, R. MARKS, P.J.A. GRIFFIN, J.R. SALAMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

The prevalence of dysplastic cutaneous lesions was determined in a group of 68 renal transplant patients whose immunosuppressive therapy included cyclosporine but not azathioprine. The mean age of the patients was 41 years (range 17‐67), and the mean transplant time was 44 months (range 24‐75). Dysplastic cutaneous lesions were found in 14 out of 68 patients, a prevalence of 20.6%. Although the lesions arose on sun‐exposed sites, there was no apparent correlation with previous sun‐exposure. The cumulative prevalence of dysplastic cutaneous lesions in 64 patients who had received cyclosporine for between 24 and 72 months was compared with 33 renal transplant patients who had been treated with azathioprine over a similar period of time. The overall prevalence of cutaneous dysplasia was 22% in the cyclosporine group and 9% in the azathioprine group. The cumulative prevalence of cutaneous dysplasia in the cyclosporine group was greater at all time points studied. In contrast to previous reports, we have found no evidence that the risk of cutaneous malignancy in patients treated with cyclosporine is less than that found in patients maintained on azathioprine.
Science minister lobbies health department over AstraZeneca drug
Authors: A. Jack
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Government ministers are stepping up efforts to boost NHS prescriptions of recommended new drugs made by companies with a significant presence in the United Kingdom.

David Willetts, the science minister, has raised concerns with his counterparts at the Department of Health for England over the low adoption of new drugs that have been endorsed as safe, effective, and cost effective, including AstraZeneca’s antiplatelet drug ticagrelor (marketed as Brilique).

The action comes after growing complaints from the drug industry that doctors are ignoring positive recommendations on its drugs made by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), …
MYOCARDIAL FIBROSIS ATTENUATES THE EFFECT OF CIBENZOLINE ON LEFT VENTRICULAR DIASTOLIC FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Makoto Saito, Yasuhiro Sasaki, Toyofumi Yoshii, Go Hiasa, Takumi Sumimoto, Kazuhisa Nishimura, Katsuji Inoue, Hideki Okayama, Mareomi Hamada, Jitsuo Higaki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
TCT-118 Successful EVAR For Short-necked Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Using Balloon Expandable Stents By Interventional Cardiologists
Authors: Abhijeet Basoor, Kirit Patel, Abdul Halabi, Nishit Choksi, Thanh Phan, Michele DeGregorio
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Phase I Study of H5.020CMV.PDGF-β to Treat Venous Leg Ulcer Disease
Authors: David J Margolis, Lee M Morris, Maryte Papadopoulos, Linda Weinberg, Jennifer C Filip, Stephanie A Lang, Sachin S Vaikunth, Timothy M Crombleholme
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Venous leg ulcers are a prevalent nonhealing wound of the lower extremity. Although topically applied growth factors successfully improve wound repair in animal studies, similar studies on humans with venous leg ulcers have not been successful. This study was designed to evaluate the acute safety and biologic feasibility of peri-ulcer injection of a replication-incompetent adenoviral construct expressing platelet-derived growth factor-beta (PDGF-beta). In this phase I study, we demonstrate the initial safety, feasibility, and biologic plausibility of using H5.020CMV.PDGF-beta to treat venous leg ulcer disease.
Urinary excretion reflects lung deposition of aminoglycoside aerosols in cystic fibrosis
Authors: P-F. Dequin, F. Faurisson, E. Lemarié, F. Delatour, S. Marchand, C. Valat, E. Boissinot, C. de Gialluly, P. Diot
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

Using nebulization to deliver aminoglycosides may be of benefit in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients colonized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa . However, one problem with this route is the absence of clinical parameters allowing estimation of the mass of drug deposited in the lungs (MDL). The aim of this study was to assess whether aminoglycoside excretion in the urine reflects the MDL. Fourteen studies were performed in seven CF patients. Amikacin was mixed with albumin labelled with 99m Tc and nebulized with an ultrasonic nebulizer. The MDL was determined by the mass-balance technique. Urine was collected during the 24 h following inhalation and was assayed for amikacin by fluorescence polorization immunoassay (FPIA). The mean±sem MDL was 14.0±2.2% of the nebulizer charge. The mean±sem amount of amikacin excreted in the urine was 20.9±4.5 mg and correlated with the MDL (r=0.93; p=0.0001). There was, however, wide intersubject variability in both deposition and excretion in the urine. Monitoring excretion of aminoglycosides in the urine allows noninvasive estimation of the mass of drug deposited in the lung in cystic fibrosis patients, which might be useful to assess the dose-response relationship in groups of patients, but intersubject variability prevents its use for individual follow-up.
Too much medicine; too little care
Authors: P. Glasziou, R. Moynihan, T. Richards, F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Time to wind back the harms of overdiagnosis and overtreatment 

> “Too much testing of well people and not enough care for the sick worsens health inequalities and drains professionalism, harming both those who need treatment and those who don’t.” Margaret McCartney.1

A growing frustration in clinical medicine is that we are now so busy managing the proliferation of risk factors, “incidentalomas,” and the worried well that we lack the time to care properly for those who are seriously ill. As the definitions of common conditions such as diabetes and kidney disease have expanded and the categories and boundaries of mental disorders have grown, our time and attention for the most worryingly ill, disturbed, and vulnerable patients has shrunk. Too much medicine is harming both the sick and well.

Much of the growth in apparent illness has escaped public attention. One striking example is the tripling of the incidence of thyroid cancer in the United States, Australia, and elsewhere between 1975 and 2012,2 3 during which time the death rate did not change. This dramatic rise is best explained by increased testing and improved diagnostic tools, rather than a real change in cancer incidence. It has been described as an epidemic of diagnosis rather than a true epidemic. Similar “epidemics” have occurred in conditions where there has been active screening, such as breast cancer …
Mechanisms of Lithium Action
Authors: Irwin Singer, Donald Rotenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

LITHIUM first attracted medical attention in the 19th century when A. B. Garrod attempted to treat gout with Li+ because Li+ urate was found to be more soluble than Na+ or K+ urate. However, the ubiquity of Na+ and K+ in human fluids prevented successful clinical exploitation of the differential solubility. Since that time the medical applications of Li+ have ranged from use as a sodium substitute to improve taste in low Na+ diets to use as a psychoactive agent in the treatment of manic-depressive disorders. The corresponding results have ranged from the production of severe and occasionally fatal Li . . .
Pulmonary Reverse Mismatches Due to Endotracheal Tube Placement
Authors: RONALD J. ROSENBERG, RICHARDO E. SANTIAG, RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Three patients are presented in whom both lungs were perfused (Tc-99m MAA), but only the right lung was ventilated (Xe-133). All three patients had been intubated, and there was evidence that the oxygen-delivering catheter had slipped into the right main stem bronchus. This was likely related to the anatomic arrangement of the bronchi, with the right being more accessible to the catheter (and being better ventilated with oxygen and better supplied with radioxenon).
Erythrocytosis with Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: James Hopper
Journal: JAMA (1963)

To the Editor:  —D. A. Emanuel, MD, and F. J. Wenzel, BS, describe in their clinical note Erythrocytosis Associated with the Nephrotic Syndrome ( JAMA  181 :788 [Sept 1] 1962) an interesting example of a nephrotic state accompanied by erythrocytosis. They state,  association of erythrocytosis and the nephrotic syndrome has not been previously described. We would take issue with this statement and refer the reader to the Proceedings of the First International Congress of Nephrology , Sept 1-4, 1960, G. Richet, Editor, S. Karger, Basel, 1961, p. 560, in which the nephrotic syndrome occurring in three patients was reported, erythrocyte volume having been measured by Cr 51 red-blood-cell (RBC) tag. These patients together with patients having other renal lesions seen since 1960 will soon be the subject of a more complete report. The cases include three of chronic glomerular nephritis proven by renal biopsy.  In nephrotic states, both plasma and red-blood-cell
Abstract 1734: Prognostic significance of combinations of RNA-dependent protein kinase and EphA2 biomarkers for NSCLC
Authors: Chengcheng Guo, Ruping Shao, Arlene M. Correa, Carmen Behrens, Bingliang Fang, Jack A. Roth, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Stephen G. Swisher, Tongyu Lin, Apar Pataer
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is an independent prognostic variable in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the present study, we investigated the correlation between PKR and 25 other biomarkers for NSCLC, identified the markers that could further improve the prognostic significance of PKR, and elucidated the mechanisms of interaction between these markers and PKR. Tissue microarray samples obtained from 218 lung cancer patients were stained with an anti-PKR antibody and antibodies against 25 biomarkers. Immunohistochemical expression was scored and used for Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The interaction between PKR and EphA2 in NSCLC cell lines was examined. We found that PKR was associated with EphA2 and that the prognostic information regarding NSCLC provided by the combination of PKR and EphA2 (P/E) was significantly more accurate than that provided by either marker alone. The 5-year overall survival rate in PKRlow/EphA2high patients (20%) was significantly lower than that of PKRhigh/EphA2low patients (74%), PKRhigh/EphA2high patients (55%), and PKRlow/EphA2low patients (55%) (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). We also found that the PKR:EphA2 (P/E) ratio was significantly associated with prognosis (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses revealed that this P/E combination or ratio was an independent predictor of overall survival. In addition, induction of PKR expression reduced EphA2 protein expression levels in NSCLC cell lines. PKR/EphA2 is a significant predictor of prognosis for NSCLC. PKR/EphA2 may be a promising approach to improving screening efficiency and predicting prognosis in NSCLC patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1734. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1734
British are the most overweight in Europe, new study shows
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The United Kingdom has the most overweight and obese people in Europe, shows a set of new health profiles comparing the health of populations across the continent.

The profiles, the culmination of a major study to compare health inequalities across Europe at regional level, show that even London’s lower prevalence of obesity, at 18%, is still two percentage points higher than Sweden’s most obese region.

The findings also show that at 29% the West Midlands has the highest percentage of obese adults in the European Union, double the European Union average of 14%. By comparison the highest for any region in Germany is 19%.

The profiles, brought together by 12 …
ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN NATIONAL COLLEGIATE ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION DIVISION I AMERICAN-STYLE FOOTBALL PLAYERS
Authors: Jonathan Kim, Ibhar Al Mheid, Mohammad Malekzadegan, Salman Sher, Jay Shoop, Angelo Galante, Byron Williams, Laurence Sperling, Rory Weiner, Aaron Baggish, Arshed Quyyumi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Early infertility treatments derived from human pituitary.
Authors: N Pfeffer
Journal: BMJ (1993)

which are perceived as abusive, or he may be being seen as some other significant person in the patient's life.If the needs of the patient, including the need to express feelings and opinions, are put first these encounters can be rendered less traumatic.If gynaecologists function to satisfy their own needs -for example, "to convince [patients] that stereo- typing is unfair"-the scene is set for further conflict.
E2A-ZNF384 and NOL1-E2A fusion created by a cryptic t(12;19)(p13.3; p13.3) in acute leukemia
Authors: C-h Zhong, V Prima, X Liang, C Frye, L McGavran, L Meltesen, Q Wei, T Boomer, M Varella-Garcia, J Gump, S P Hunger
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
A genome-wide association study of HCV-induced liver cirrhosis in the Japanese population identifies novel susceptibility loci at the MHC region
Authors: Yuji Urabe, Hidenori Ochi, Naoya Kato, Vinod Kumar, Atsushi Takahashi, Ryosuke Muroyama, Naoya Hosono, Motoyuki Otsuka, Ryosuke Tateishi, Paulisally Hau Yi Lo, Chizu Tanikawa, Masao Omata, Kazuhiko Koike, Daiki Miki, Hiromi Abe, Naoyuki Kamatani, Joji Toyota, Hiromitsu Kumada, Michiaki Kubo, Kazuaki Chayama, Yusuke Nakamura, Koichi Matsuda
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Making up for lost time
Authors: Pat Sidley
Journal: BMJ (2005)

In Botswana—land of Precious Ramotswe and the No 1 Ladies' Detective Agency—the health services are fighting one of the highest rates of HIV infection in Africa “We are so grateful. These days we are burying old women again,” a village chief said with noticeable relief to Botswana's minister of health, Sheila Tlou. It was anecdotal evidence of an improvement in the country's mortality figures, which have been dominated in recent years by the AIDS epidemic. Before Botswana introduced an antiretroviral treatment programme for its large population of people with HIV or AIDS, the chief was burying young people. A feature of the epidemic in the region is the high proportion of young people who die, filling cemeteries and leaving their children to be cared for by their grandparents. Dr Tlou had been responding to a question put to her about the effect of the treatment programme. Despite the success claimed for the programme, Botswana continues to have proportionally one of the largest epidemics in the world, with about 38% of adults infected.
The Importance of Determining Both Urea and Ammonium Levels in Gastric Juice for Rapid Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: R. Pedriali, D. Cantarini, S. Gullini
Journal: Endoscopy (1992)

See also: Suggestions for the Rapid Diagnosis of Campylobacter pylori Infection in Endoscopic SettingsEndoscopy 1989; 21(02): 110-111DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1012914
Sedation and paralysis
Authors: Robert Steur, S. Öngün, K. Gunning, M. J. Lindop, Harry S. Rafkin, John W. Hoyt, R. Priem, K. Müller, J. Nadstawek, J. A. Alvarez, J. M. Allegue, A. J. Brugger, A. Melgarejo, J. Fabregat, J. Crespillo, G. Carrasco, R. Molina, J. Costa, J. M. Soler, J. Paniagua, L. I. Cabré
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1992)