tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Angiogenesis in liver disease
Authors: Mercedes Fernández, David Semela, Jordi Bruix, Isabelle Colle, Massimo Pinzani, Jaume Bosch
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)

Angiogenesis and disruption of liver vascular architecture have been linked to progression to cirrhosis and liver cancer (HCC) in chronic liver diseases, which contributes both to increased hepatic vascular resistance and portal hypertension and to decreased hepatocyte perfusion. On the other hand, recent evidence shows that angiogenesis modulates the formation of portal-systemic collaterals and the increased splanchnic blood flow which are involved in the life threatening complications of cirrhosis. Finally, angiogenesis plays a key role in the growth of tumours, suggesting that interference with angiogenesis may prevent or delay the development of HCC. This review summarizes current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of liver angiogenesis and on the consequences of angiogenesis in chronic liver disease. On the other hand, it presents the different strategies that have been used in experimental models to counteract excessive angiogenesis and its potential role in preventing transition to cirrhosis, development of portal hypertension and its consequences, and its application in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
St. Louis Encephalitis in Adults During the 1964 Houston Epidemic
Authors: Stuart Riggs
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The clinical features of St. Louis encephalitis were defined first during the epidemic in St. Louis in 1933, the earliest outbreak in which the virus was recovered and characterized.<sup>1-3</sup>Since that time numerous observations of the disease have been reported from widely separated areas of the United States.<sup>4-12</sup>Most outbreaks have occurred in rural areas, the epidemic usually was recognized late, and patients were difficult to study since they were widely separated from each other and from modern diagnostic facilities. In most previous studies the number of serologically confirmed cases was small, preexisting illness was not documented, and the role of concurrent illnesses was not evaluated. Therefore a unique opportunity for study of this disease was provided when an outbreak of St. Louis encephalitis was recognized among patients in a teaching hospital of a university medical center. Results of such a study are the basis of this report.
Abstract 1848: Let-7 brings new insights into chronic myeloid leukemia therapy.
Authors: Bin Yi, Xiaobo Li, Wenjun Du, Gary A. Piazza, Yaguang Xi
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Human chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a malignancy of pluripotent hematopoietic cells that is caused by the deregulated activity of the tyrosine kinase that is encoded by the chimeric bcr-abl oncogene. Given that CML cells are usually highly resistant to chemotherapy, novel and more efficacious strategies against this disease are urgently needed. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a set of newly discovered 20-22 nucleotides RNA molecules, and they broadly repress their cognate target genes at post-transcriptional/translational level. Up to date, there are approximately 2,000 human miRNA transcripts have been characterized, which are estimated to modulate more than 30% human genes and are widely involved in many essential biological processes including differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and also tumorigenesis. In this study, we studied let-7, a miRNA with tumor suppressive signature, for its therapeutic potential in CML. When treating CML K562 and KU812 cell by imatinib, let-7 can be significantly induced. Overexpression of let-7 can sensitize K562 and KU812 cells to imatinib, while knock-down of let-7 can increase the drug resistance of these cells. The mechanistic studies found that let-7 was able to promote apoptosis of CML cells, inhibit the tumor cell proliferation, and lead to a cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. These results demonstrate that let-7 is a potential target for treating CML by imatinib and/or other anti-cancer druges. The pro-apoptosis and anti-proliferation roles of let-7 in CML cells may provide novel insights into discovery and development novel drugs for conquering this malignant disease. Citation Format: Bin Yi, Xiaobo Li, Wenjun Du, Gary A. Piazza, Yaguang Xi. Let-7 brings new insights into chronic myeloid leukemia therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1848. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1848 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Emotional Impairment in Internal Medicine House Staff
Authors: Jay W. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1986)

A questionnaire was sent to all internal medicine program directors who were members of the Association of Program Directors in Internal Medicine to identify the scope of the problem of debilitating emotional impairment in internal medicine house staff for each of the five years 1979 through 1984; 63% of the questionnaires were returned. During these five years, 55.5% of internal medicine training programs granted leaves of absence to medical residents because of emotional impairment; an average of 0.9% of internal medicine house staff required leaves of absence, with the rate twice as common in female residents. Most impaired residents recovered and apparently did well, for 79% continued in medicine. However, 10% completely dropped out of medicine and 2% had a successful suicide; an additional 3% attempted suicide unsuccessfully. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;255:1155-1158)
Are Chlamydial Infections the Most Prevalent Venereal Disease?
Authors: Julius Schachter
Journal: JAMA (1975)

We studied two population groups (more than 1,600 patients) to determine the prevalence and clinical associations of genital tract infections with chlamydiae and herpesviruses. Base-line isolation rates for asymptomatic women having routine pelvic examinations were much lower than rates for symptomatic women. In both groups, chlamydiae were more prevalent than herpesviruses. Chlamydial infection was associated much more commonly with cervicitis (36.6%) than with vaginitis only (4.1%). Among 282 symptomatic men, the cultures of 19.9% yielded chlamydiae, and 4.3%, herpesviruses. Chlamydiae were recovered from 35.5% (27 of 76) of specimens from men with nongonococcal urethritis, and from an even larger proportion, 57% (24 of 42), of the specimens from men with frank discharge. (<i>JAMA</i>231:1252-1255, 1975)
RETRACTION OF THE UTERINE MUSCLE ASSOCIATED WITH OBSTRUCTED LABOUR
Authors: H. T. Hicks
Journal: BMJ (1916)

OBSTRUCTED LABOUJL t MKJCALJOuRAL 5'5 (lue in the middle of March.Her blood pressure was 168, anid she was treated wvith veratrone.She had two more fits, but after more veratrone her blood pressure went down to 80, and they ceased.Her urine contained 4 grains of albumin per ounice, anid she passed 6 oz.At 10 a.m. next day the pAtient went iInto labour, and at 11.30 was given morphine gr.i, lyoscine gr.I; the os admitted one finger, and the pains were stroing.Her blood pressure was taken every half-hour and veratrone given when it was high.The injections of hyoscine were given every hour; after the third injection her memory was gone, and she was sleeping.The injections were continued, and the baby was born at 11.30 p.m. with forceps without clhloroform (to bring the head over the perineum).The baby cried at once.The veratrone was continued during the labour to keep the blood pressure low.The mother and child both did very well, and left hospital twenty days later. CASE IIMrs: M., aged 31, 1-para.Admitted 11.45 p.m., March 14th.Os the size of a shillinig; pains stronlg.At 1 a.m. on March 15th, morphine gr. 1, hyoscine gr..f5; the hyoscine was repeated ini gr.4j dosesevery hour.Tie patientslept; she sai( she felt pains a little, and at 2.30 p.m. became more awake.Morphine gr.* vas givenat 2.30 p.m.The hyoscine was continued every three- quarters of an hour.These were continiued all the next day, March 16th; the patient was sleeping most of the time, and when asked if she felt any pain, she complained of a sore shoulder and wandered in her talk.At 9 p.m. on March 16th, the head appeared to have stuck, so forceps were applied.The os had been fully dilated for some hours, but the patienit had been left to see if the child would be born spontaneously; for the fetal heart sounided good, anid the patient's conditionl likewise.As the patient was slightly restless, chloroform was given.It was a firm pull, anid there xvas a slight tear.The baby was born at 9.45 p.m., March 16th, anid cried at onice.Next day the patient could remember nothing except the pain she had when she came into hospital.* She had quite lost count of the days, and dlid not know what day it was.The total number of injections in the case was one morphine gr. 1, hyoscine gr.lIu one morphine gr.i; forty-three inijectionsof hyoscine gr.4*6.This was the greatest number given.
IMPORTANCE OF CAREFUL ROENTGEN-RAY INVESTIGATIONS OF APICAL CHEST TUMORS
Authors: HENRY K. PANCOAST
Journal: JAMA (1924)

There is an unusual but apparently infrequent type of intrathoracic growth occurring in the apical region, yet found with sufficient frequency in my experience to warrant a collective report of the cases encountered. The neoplastic condition is unusual for the reason that it produces referred nerve phenomena in the upper extremity which may be very misleading to the clinician and roentgenologist in their search for the cause; and when to these manifestations are added certain cervical sympathetic phenomena, the symptomatology of spinal cord tumor is closely simulated, especially in the absence of any apparent extraspinal etiologic factor. I have been fortunate enough to learn the exact nature of these growths from careful pathologic studies in two cases, and in all four cases there has been a most satisfactory correlation of clinical and roentgenologic data. In three of the four cases, an early diagnosis of the condition present was missed because
Cognitive and functional competence after anaesthesia in patients aged over 60: controlled trial of general and regional anaesthesia for elective hip or knee replacement.
Authors: M J Jones, S E Piggott, R S Vaughan, A J Bayer, R G Newcombe, T C Twining, J Pathy, M Rosen
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the influence of general or regional anaesthesia on long term mental function in elderly patients. DESIGN--Prospective study of patients randomly allocated to receive general or regional anaesthesia. SETTING--The patients9 homes and a large teaching hospital in Cardiff. SUBJECTS--146 Patients aged 60 and over scheduled for elective hip or knee replacement. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Scores achieved in tests of cognitive function and functional competence. RESULTS--72 Patients were allocated to receive general anaesthesia and 74 regional anaesthesia. Anaesthetic technique did not influence the duration of the operation, time to mobilisation postoperatively, requirements for analgesia after the operation, or duration of stay in hospital. Three months after the operation there was an improvement in the score for the recognition component (76 ms, 95% confidence interval 9 to 144) and the response component (82 ms, 5 to 158) of the choice reaction time in the group receiving general anaesthesia compared with the group receiving regional anaesthesia. This was the only significant difference between the two groups in the assessments of cognitive and functional competence. Eleven patients receiving regional anaesthesia and 12 receiving general anaesthesia reported that their memory and concentration were worse than before the operation, but this was not confirmed by testing. CONCLUSION--Cognitive and functional competence in elderly patients was not detectably impaired after either general or regional anaesthesia when attention was paid to the known perioperative influences on mental function.
Cardiac valvular anomalies in Fabry disease. Clinical, morphologic, and biochemical studies.
Authors: R J Desnick, L C Blieden, H L Sharp, P J Hofschire, J H Moller
Journal: Circulation (1976)

The cardiovascular abnormalities were investigated in two unrelated hemizygous males with Fabry disease who had clinical mitral insufficiency. Postmortem examination of their hearts revelaed anatomic, ultrastructural and biochemical abnormalities resulting from defective activity of the lysosomal enzyme, alpha-galactosidase A. The ultrastructural and biochemical studies demonstrated the marked accumulation of the major glycosphingolipd substrate, trihexosyl ceramide, in the lyosomes of all the cardiac tissues examined; the greatest concentrations were found in the mitral valve and elft ventricular myocardium. Intriguingly, digalactosyl ceramide, a glycosphingolipid substrate not detectable in normal lung, vessel or cardiac tissues, was found increased only in the lung and right heart tissues. Morphologic and chemical examination of cardiac and systemic vessels demonstrated accumulation of trihexosyl ceramide in lysosomes of the vascular endothelium. These studies demonstrate that the progressive accumulation of trihexosyl ceramide in the lysosomes of the cardiac structures and vascular system leads to the multiple cardiovascular manfiestation of Fabry disease.
Pathogenesis of chondrocalcinosis and pseudogout. Metabolism of inorganic pyrophosphate and production of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals.
Authors: A Caswell, D F Guilland-Cumming, P R Hearn, M K McGuire, R G Russell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

<h3>Background</h3> The prevalence and prognosis of post-acute stage SARS-CoV-2 infection fatigue symptoms remain largely unknown. <h3>Aims</h3> We performed a systematic review to evaluate the prevalence of fatigue in post-recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection. <h3>Method</h3> Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, trial registries, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Google Scholar were searched for studies on fatigue in samples that recovered from PCR diagnosed COVID-19. English, French and Spanish studies were included. Meta-analyses were conducted separately for each recruitment setting. <h3>Results</h3> We identified 41 studies with 9362 patients that recovered from COVID-19. Post-COVID-19 patients self-report of fatigue was higher compared to healthy controls (RR = 3.688, 95%CI [2.502, 5.436], p &lt; 0.001). Over 50% of patients discharged from inpatient care reported symptoms of fatigue during the first (ER = 0.517, 95%CI [0.278, 0.749]) and second month following recovery (ER = 0.527, 95%CI [0.337, 0.709]). 10% of the community patients reported fatigue in the first-month post-recovery. Patient setting moderated the association between COVID-19 recovery and fatigue symptoms (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.11, p &lt; 0.001). Female patients recovering from COVID-19 had a greater self-report of fatigue (OR = 1.782, 95%CI [1.531, 2.870]). Patients recruited through social media had fatigue above 90% across multiple time points. Fatigue was highest in studies from Europe. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Fatigue is a symptom associated with functional challenges which could have economic and social impacts. Developing long-term planning for fatigue management amongst patients beyond the acute stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection is essential to optimizing patient care and public health outcomes. Further studies should examine the impact of sociodemographic, pandemic-related restrictions and pre-existing conditions on fatigue.
A SPLINT FOR ABDUCTION, TRACTION AND SUSPENSION IN FRACTURE OF THE HUMERUS
Authors: Paul N. Jepson
Journal: JAMA (1925)

It is generally conceded that better results are obtained in fracture of the humerus by adequate traction in bed. The splint shown here is for the purpose of obtaining extension, suspension, outward rotation and traction in cases of fracture of the humerus. It is so made that it can be applied quickly. A long horizontal board (<i>a</i>) is placed transversely between the mattress and the springs. A Buck's extension is applied to the arm; the rope from this extension is run through a pulley (<i>b</i>), and a weight is applied. Another Buck's extension is applied to the forearm in a plane perpendicular to that of the arm, and in such a manner as to allow the patient to grasp a handhold (<i>c</i>), which permits him to move the fingers frequently and at will, and tends to prevent stiffness. A rope running from the handhold (<i>c</i>) over the pulley (<i>d</i>) is
Medical Education at Western Reserve University
Authors: Thomas Hale Ham
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

PRELIMINARY appraisal is made in this report of the program of medical education at Western Reserve University. It is necessarily brief, and more complete studies are in progress. The data for this progress report have been obtained in part from the recorded experience of faculty and students over a period of sixteen years, 1946–1962, concerning the planning, organization and conduct of a revised program that was begun in 1952.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Evaluation has been conducted within the School of Medicine and from extramural studies by the Bureau of Applied Social Research of Columbia University,18 , 33 34 35 the National Board of Medical Examiners, the University . . .
Pharmacodynamic Profile of Short-term Abciximab Treatment Demonstrates Prolonged Platelet Inhibition With Gradual Recovery From GP IIb/IIIa Receptor Blockade
Authors: Mary A. Mascelli, Ellen T. Lance, Lakshmi Damaraju, Carrie L. Wagner, Harlan F. Weisman, Robert E. Jordan
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —The glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist abciximab is approved for use in high-risk percutaneous coronary interventions. The purpose of the present study was to establish the pharmacodynamic profile and platelet-bound life span of abciximab. Methods and Results —The pharmacodynamics of abciximab (inhibition of ex vivo platelet aggregation and GP IIb/IIIa receptor blockade) were measured in 41 individuals who were randomized to receive a 0.25-mg/kg bolus and a 12-hour infusion of either 10 μg/min (EPIC regimen) or 0.125 μg · kg −1 · min −1 (EPILOG regimen) of the antiplatelet agent. At extended times, the amount and distribution of platelet-bound abciximab were monitored by flow cytometry. The EPIC and EPILOG infusion regimens exhibited equivalent blockade of both GP IIb/IIIa receptors and platelet aggregation throughout the duration of abciximab treatment. Flow cytometry revealed a single, highly fluorescent platelet population during treatment, consistent with complete saturation and homogeneous distribution of abciximab on circulating platelets. For 15 days after treatment, the fluorescence histograms remained unimodal with gradually diminishing fluorescence intensity, indicating decreasing levels of platelet-bound abciximab. At 8 and 15 days, which exceeds the normal circulating life span of platelets, median relative fluorescence intensity corresponded to 29 100 (29% GP IIb/IIIa receptor blockade) and 13 300 (13% GP IIb/IIIa receptor blockade) abciximab molecules bound per platelet, respectively. Conclusions —These results are consistent with continuous reequilibration of abciximab among circulating platelets and may explain the gradual recovery of platelet function and long-term prevention of ischemic complications by abciximab after coronary intervention.
Sears-Roebuck Foundation Plan of Assistance to Physicians
Authors: L. R. Dame
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

NEVER before has the United States had so much superior medical talent. Simultaneously, however, at least three major trends have impaired the usual delivery of this talent to the sick in many areas. The first is the tremendous growth in the population accompanied by the ever-increasing movement to the suburbs with a fluidity comparable to the mass migrations westward in the 1800's. The people have really been moving away from their medical men and established medical facilities in many places. The second is that availability of physicians for replacement has been delayed, and the trend to early specialization somewhat accentuated, . . .
Academic Medical Centers and Conflicts of Interest
Authors: Marvin E. Gozum
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Contamination of Mechanical Ventilators with Tubing Changes Every 24 or 48 Hours
Authors: Donald E. Craven, Michael G. Connolly, Deborah A. Lichtenberg, Philip J. Primeau, William R. McCabe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

We studied the contamination of ventilator circuits in order to assess the need for daily changes of tubing. Patients requiring continuous mechanical ventilation were randomly selected for tubing changes at 24 hours (Group 1) or at 48 hours (Group 2). Samples of inspiratory-phase gas from ventilators with standardized settings were cultured according to the tube-broth method of Edmondson and Sanford. The frequency of positive cultures from 128 ventilators in Group 1 (30 per cent) was not significantly different from that for 112 ventilators in Group 2 (32 per cent). Gram-negative bacteria were most frequently isolated from patient's sputum and ventilator inspiratory-phase gas, but no species predominated in either group of patients. Further studies performed with the Aerotest and Andersen air samplers confirmed that the levels of inspiratory-phase-gas contamination were low in both groups. In addition, quantitative analysis of colonization of the tubing demonstrated no significant increase in colonization between 24 and 48 hours. The absence of a significant difference in inspiratory-phase-gas contamination or tubing colonization suggests that ventilator tubing need be changed only every 48 hours. (N Engl J Med. 1982; 306:1505–9.)
Mutations in the vasopressin type 2 receptor gene (AVPR2) associated with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Authors: Ans M.W. van den Ouweland, Jos C.F.M. Dreesen, Marian Verdijk, Nine V.A.M. Knoers, Leo A.H. Monnens, Mariano Rocchi, Bernard A. van Oost
Journal: Nature Genetics (1992)