tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oral retinoids-efficacy and toxicity in psoriasis
Authors: H.P.M. GOLLNICK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Psoriasis is a disease of unknown aetiology, affecting approximately 1–3% of the population. In most cases involving relatively localized disease, patients are best managed with either topical therapy alone or topical therapy in combination with UV–phototherapy. However, approximately 35% of patients do not respond well to these conventional treatments or have moderate–to–severe disease requiring more aggressive forms of therapy. The second–generation retinoids, etretinate and its metabolite acitretin, are important additions to the armamentarium of agents used to treat these recalcitrant or severe forms of the disease. Generalized pustular psoriasis generally responds well to high‐dose (0·7–1 mg/kg/day) oral retinoid monotherapy. In contrast, increasing small doses of the retinoid are recommended initially in erythrodermic psoriasis in order not to provoke the disease. Long‐term clinical experience favours a combination treatment of the retinoid with either topical and/or UV irradiation in chronic plaque‐like psoriasis. Both oral retinoids have comparable efficacy and tolerability profiles, and the relapse rates for both drugs are similar. The toxicities associated with both short‐ and long‐term treatment with oral retinoids are significant and include mucocutaneous effects, adverse modulation of serum lipid chemistries, elevation of liver enzymes, and after long–term chronic dosing, skeletal and ligamentous calcification, and hyperostosis. Both etretinate and acitretin, like all retinoids, are known teratogens in animal models, and documented evidence exists for teratogenic activity in humans as well. Consequently, women of childbearing age are strongly advised to avoid pregnancy during treatment and up to 5 years following cessation of therapy with both etretinate and the carboxylic acid metabolite acitretin.
Heterozygosity at Gm loci associated with humoral immunity to osteosarcoma.
Authors: J P Pandey, B T Shannon, K Y Tsang, H H Fudenberg, J G Camblin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

Serum samples from 50 Caucasian patients with osteosarcoma were tested for the presence of antibodies to osteosarcoma-associated antigens (OSAA) and typed for nine Gm markers. A highly significant association was found between Gm 3;5,13,14 and unresponsiveness to OSAA, and between 1,3,17;5,13,14,21 and responsiveness to OSAA. These results suggest the existence of complementary immune response genes which in the heterozygous condition permit a response to OSAA.
A case of dysphagia.
Authors: A G Donald, J D Dawes
Journal: BMJ (1977)

The patient is  newcomer to this part of the world but has consulted the practice six times during her first three months with us. She is 30 and engaged to the previously married managing director of  small construction firm whose appoint ment to this region led to her moving here. She is an attractive girl, physically and conversationally; she has previously worked as  business receptionist but is not working just now; she is on the pill but her probable or possible future husband is 20 years older and has already had to postpone the wedding date twice because of business pressures. Her past history includes a tendency to get strep throats that always need the strong form of penicillin; menstrual disorders, which, after private consultation and  dilatation and curettage, led to private laparotomy and  diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease; private investigation for missed heart beats at which  pansystolic murmur was found and offered to the patient (it is not now audible); and headache diagnosed in an NHS hospital outpatient clinic as migraine. Since joining our list she has accepted the reality that she is  girl with problems of adjusting to an insecure style of life and that she is in lay terms neurotic. She has already esta blished connections with  local gynaecologist (through the Health Service) and has seen  NHS dermatologist because of multiple warts on her hand. I saw her for the first time two weeks ago with another of her strep throats (normal on clinical examination) and  feeling of  lump in her throat. She wanted to see an ear, nose, and throat specialist. I assured her she had nothing physically wrong but today she was back again saying that she was now having difficulty swallowing solid food. She still wants to see  specialist. She says she is prepared to go privately. What should I do?
Isoniazid resistance and death in patients with tuberculous meningitis: retrospective cohort study
Authors: C. Vinnard, C. A. Winston, E. P. Wileyto, R. R. MacGregor, G. P. Bisson
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective </b>To determine whether initial isoniazid resistance is associated with death during the treatment of tuberculous meningitis. <b>Design </b>Retrospective cohort study. <b>Setting</b> National Tuberculosis Surveillance System at the Centers for Disease Control in the United States. <b>Participants </b>Patients with a clinical diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis, reported to the National Tuberculosis Surveillance System between 1 January 1993 and 31 December 2005. <b>Main outcome measure</b> All cause mortality during antituberculous treatment. <b>Results </b>Between 1993 and 2005, 1896 patients had a clinical diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis and positive cultures from any site. In 123 (6%) of these patients, isoniazid resistance was present on initial susceptibility testing. The unadjusted association between initial isoniazid resistance and subsequent death among these 1896 patients did not reach statistical significance (odds ratio 1.38, 95% confidence interval 0.94 to 2.02). However, among 1614 patients with positive cerebrospinal fluid cultures, a significant unadjusted association was found between initial isoniazid resistance and subsequent death (odds ratio 1.61, 1.08 to 2.40). This association increased after adjustment for age, race, sex, and HIV status (odds ratio 2.07, 1.30 to 3.29). <b>Conclusions </b>Isoniazid resistance on initial susceptibility testing was associated with subsequent death among cases of tuberculous meningitis with positive cerebrospinal fluid cultures. Randomised controlled trials are needed to evaluate the optimal empirical regimen for treating patients with tuberculous meningitis who are at high risk for both initial isoniazid resistance and poor clinical outcomes.
Pediatric Care in Private Practice
Authors: Harold Jacobziner, Herbert Rich, Roland Merchant
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The extent of availability and utilization of private pediatric care, for well and sick children under six years of age in New York City, was investigated by means of a questionnaire (10% sample of all practicing physicians). Ninety-three per cent of the physicians responded. It was found that the pediatrician spent more time for well care than for sick care, whereas the general practitioner devoted the greatest share of his time to the care of sick children. The general practitioner provided 61% of the total volume of private pediatric. care. The average child was seen by a physician eight times annually. The study indicates that in New York City private pediatric care is available and fairly well utilized.
Lung Cancer After Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: L. B. Travis, R. E. Curtis, W. P. Bennett, B. F. Hankey, W. D. Travis, J. D. Boice
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1995)

Journal Article Lung Cancer After Hodgkin's Disease Get access Lois B. Travis, Lois B. Travis Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rochelle E. Curtis, Rochelle E. Curtis Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William P. Bennett, William P. Bennett Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Benjamin F. Hankey, Benjamin F. Hankey Cancer Statistics Branch, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William D. Travis, William D. Travis * Department of Pulmonary and Mediastinal Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of PathologyWashington, DC Correspondence to : Lois B. Travis, M.D., Sc.D., National Institutes of Health, Executive Plaza North, Suite 408, Bethesda, MD 20892. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John D. Boice John D. Boice Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 87, Issue 17, 6 September 1995, Pages 1324–1327, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/87.17.1324 Published: 06 September 1995 Article history Received: 20 March 1995 Revision received: 08 June 1995 Accepted: 19 June 1995 Published: 06 September 1995
Congenital Absence of the Gallbladder and Cystic Duct
Authors: Donald C. Mcllrath
Journal: JAMA (1962)

CONGENITAL ABSENCE of the gallbladder and cystic duct is a relatively rare condition. Patients in whom this entity exists can be divided into 2 groups: (1) those whose condition is discovered clinically because of persistent symptoms and proved by abdominal exploration with operative cholangiography and (2) those who are asymptomatic during life and whose condition is discovered only at necropsy. A review of 26,531 routine necropsies at the Mayo Clinic revealed 10 cases of congenital absence of the gallbladder and cystic duct. This study is a report of these 10 cases. Review of the Literature Dixon and Lichtman, in 1945, reported 10 cases of congenital absence of the gallbladder which had been encountered at the Mayo Clinic prior to that time. Diagnosis was established by surgical exploration and these cases are not included in this report. In 1947, Latimer and associates a reviewed the world literature and found 71 cases
62 ACTIVITY OF DANOPREVIR PLUS LOW-DOSE RITONAVIR (DNV/R) IN COMBINATION WITH PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A (40KD) PLUS RIBAVIRIN (PEGIFNa-2A/RBV) IN PREVIOUS NULL RESPONDERS
Authors: R. Rouzier, D. Larrey, E.J. Gane, A. Wiercinska-Drapalo, L. Chang, Y. Zhang, B. Gujral, S. Le Pogam, I. Nájera, P. Smith, N. Shulman, J. Tran
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
The Homebound Aged
Authors: PHILIP W. BRICKNER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Aged, homebound people are among the medically unreached. Their problems are multifaceted, involving medical and psychological health, finances, housing, and isolation from society. In January 1973 a program was started to meet the needs of this group in some areas of Manhattan surrounding St. Vincent's Hospital by keeping the patients in their own community, out of institutions, in adequate housing, in the best possible state of health, and at the maximum level of independence. Community organizations serve as case finders; physicians, nurses, and social workers from St. Vincent's Hospital participate in the delivery of a broad range of services. In the first 16 months, 200 individuals have been referred and 620 home visits made. This form of health care delivery serves society through substantial financial savings, and it fulfills the wishes of older people themselves for such programs.
Diagnosing breast carcinoma in young women.
Authors: A Yelland, M D Graham, P A Trott, H T Ford, R C Coombes, J C Gazet, N G Polson
Journal: BMJ (1991)

To assess the individual and combined diagnostic accuracy of clinical examination, mammography, and fine needle aspiration biopsy in young women with breast cancer.Analysis based on case notes of patients presenting with breast cancer during 1971-89.A combined breast clinic.Consecutive series of 81 women aged less than 36 with histologically proved breast cancer presenting with a discrete mass over 19 years.Results of clinical examination, xeromammography or conventional mammography, fine needle aspiration biopsy, and examination of tissue removed by surgery.The clinical diagnosis was correct in 47 women and radiography in 35. Fine needle aspiration biopsy was correct in 47 of the 63 women in whom it was successfully performed. Fine needle aspiration was significantly more accurate than mammography (78% v 45%, p less than 0.01). Ten (16%) patients had negative results on clinical examination, mammography, and fine needle aspiration.Mammography alone seems inadequately sensitive to detect breast cancer in young patients. When all investigations give negative results excision biopsy is the only way of obtaining a definitive diagnosis.
Influenza-Associated Myoglobinuric Renal Failure
Authors: Eugene Cunningham
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Acute myoglobinuric renal failure developed in three patients during the course of influenza virus infection. Muscle enzyme levels were elevated in all patients. Myoglobin was detected in the urine or serum by immunodiffusion. Recent influenza infection was documented by elevated hemagglutination inhibition titers. One patient died, whereas the remaining two patients completely recovered renal function. These patients with influenza infection represented more than half of the cases of myoglobinuric renal failure seen on the medical services of the study institutions during ths same period. These observations suggest that the association between influenza infection and myoglobinuric renal failure may be more common than previously suspected.
Engineered superparamagnetic Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles as a heat shock protein induction agent for ocular neuroprotection in glaucoma
Authors: Minhong Jeun, Jin Wook Jeoung, Seungje Moon, Yu Jeong Kim, Sanghoon Lee, Sun Ha Paek, Kyung-Won Chung, Ki Ho Park, Seongtae Bae
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Extracorporeal Shock-Wave Lithotripsy and Prophylaxis for Endocarditis
Authors: ANNE G. MATLOW
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1986Extracorporeal Shock-Wave Lithotripsy and Prophylaxis for EndocarditisANNE G. MATLOW, M.D., SUSAN D. GOLDBERG, M.D.ANNE G. MATLOW, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, SUSAN D. GOLDBERG, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-6-966_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended for patients with cardiac conditions that predispose to infective endocarditis after a procedure associated with bacteremia (1). Cytoscopy, prostatic surgery, urethral catheterization (especially in the presence of infection), and urinary tract surgery are genitourinary procedures for which such prophylaxis is recommended (1). Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy has recently been introduced as a noninvasive treatment for urinary calculi (2). Because this therapy results in pulverization of a possibly infected stone, a potential for bacteremia exists.The data on 80 patients treated by extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy at UCLA for renal and urethral stones was reviewed (3)....References1. SCHULMANAMRENBISNO SDA. Prevention of bacterial endocarditis: a statement for health professionals by the Committee on Rheumatic Fever and Infective Endocarditis of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young. Circulation. 1984;70:1123A-1127A. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. WALSHGITTESPERLMUTTERSTAMEY PRAT eds. Campbell's Urology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company; 1986:532-4. Google Scholar3. GOLDBERG S. The role and impact of perioperative antibiotics in extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy [Abstract]. J Urol. 1986:135(4 pt 1):195. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: The Wellesley Hospital, University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario Canada M4Y 1J3 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByIncidence of Urinary Tract Infection in Patients Without Bacteriuria Undergoing SWL: Comparison of Stone TypesThe necessity of prophylactic antibiotics during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsyRisk of Bacteraemia During Extracorporeal Shock Wave LithotripsyNew Concepts in the Pathogenesis and Modalities of the Chemoprophylaxis of Native Valve EndocarditisExtracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy 1 December 1986Volume 105, Issue 6Page: 966-967KeywordsAntibiotic prophylaxisBacteremiaCardiac surgeryCatheterizationEndocarditisGenitourinary infectionsGenitourinary proceduresKidney stonesProphylaxisUrinary tract infections Issue Published: 1 December 1986 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Operative Results in Aortic Valve Surgery
Authors: EARLE B. KAY, AKIO SUZUKI, DAVID MENDELSOHN
Journal: Circulation (1962)

An analysis of the surgical management in relation to factors contributing to morbidity, mortality, and results in 90 patients having artificial valvular replacement for diseased aortic valves is presented. Twenty-four factors occurred in 15 patients which were responsible either alone or in combination for the deaths. These factors fell into five main groups related to the patient, the heart, the myocardial protection, the general body protection, and the valve. Most of these factors contributing to death are preventable. Therefore, the over-all operative mortality of 16 per cent should be materially reduced in the future.
Targeting Interferon-α Increases Antitumor Efficacy and Reduces Hepatotoxicity of E1A-mutated Spread-enhanced Oncolytic Adenovirus
Authors: Elena V Shashkova, Jacqueline F Spencer, William S M Wold, Konstantin Doronin
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Novel approaches are needed to improve the antitumor potency and to increase the cancer specificity of oncolytic adenoviruses (Ad). We hypothesized that the combination of interferon-alpha (IFN-α) expression with a specific mutation in the e1a gene of Ad could target vector replication to genetic defects in the IFN-α pathway resulting in both improved antitumor efficacy and reduced toxicity. The conditionally replicative Ad vector KD3-IFN carries the dl1101/1107 mutation in the e1a gene that eliminates binding of E1A proteins to p300/CBP and pRb. KD3-IFN expresses human IFN-α in concurrence with vector replication and overexpresses the adenovirus death protein (ADP; E3-11.6K). The antitumor activity of KD3-IFN was significantly higher than that of a control vector in established human hepatocellular carcinoma tumors in immunodeficient mice and in hamster kidney cancer tumors in immunocompetent Syrian hamsters. The dl1101/1107 mutation rendered Ad replication sensitive to the antiviral effect of IFN-α in normal as opposed to cancer cells. These results translated to reduced vector toxicity upon systemic administration to C57BL/6 mice. The combination of Ad oncolysis, ADP overexpression, and IFN-α-mediated immunotherapy represents a three-pronged approach for increasing the anticancer efficacy of replicative Ads. Exploiting the dl1101/1107 mutation provides a mechanism for additional selectivity of IFN-α-expressing replication-competent Ads.
Fluorescence of experimental atheromatous plaques with hematoporphyrin derivative.
Authors: J R Spears, J Serur, D Shropshire, S Paulin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Fluorescence of hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) has been used clinically to localize malignant neoplasms because of its selective accumulation in these tissues. We tested the hypothesis that HPD may also be selectively concentrated within atheromatous plaques. 48 h after HPD injection in a variety of species, selective fluorescence of atheromatous plaques of the aorta was seen in each animal (rabbits and Patas monkey) exhibiting such lesions. No fluorescence could be demonstrated in aortic segments free of atheromatous involvement. Since the efficacy of photodynamic destruction of malignant tumors with HPD has been demonstrated in clinical studies, the observations of the present study may have therapeutic implications in atheromatosis.
Headlines: more perilous than pills?
Authors: K. Abbasi
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Assessing risk has become hazardous. While newspapers happily report the latest research findings, the facts are often obscured by editors' hunger for a dramatic story. To this end, headlines can both mislead and exaggerate, especially as many readers struggle to venture beyond the first line of an article. What's more, the level of danger you feel may depend on the newspaper you are reading.



Explaining risk is a thorny problem

SIMON FRASER/SPL



In December 1997 the BMJ published a case-control study looking at the influence of oral contraceptives on the risk of ischaemic stroke in women aged 16 to 44. The researchers found that for women taking oral contraceptives the adjusted odds ratio for ischaemic stroke was 2.9, or that these women were 2.9 times more likely to have an ischaemic stroke than women not taking oral contraceptives …
Pulsed Doppler echocardiographic detection of obstruction of systemic venous return after repair of transposition of the great arteries.
Authors: J G Stevenson, I Kawabori, W G Guntheroth, T K Dooley, D Dillard
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Pulsed Doppler echocardiography (PDE) allows the detection of direction and quality (smooth vs disturbed, or "rough") of blood flow characteristics at known sites within the heart and great vessels.In order to test the ability of this technique to detect obstruction of systemic venous return after interatrial repair of transposition of the great arteries, twelve children who had undergone such surgery were examined by PDE.The blood flow characteristics in the systemic venous return atrium in the children were compared with invasive pressure measurements in the venae cavae and systemic venous return atrium.Six children without measurable baffle gradients had phasic diastolic flow characteristics in the systemic venous return atrium similar to the normal.All six children who had a gradient between the cava and systemic venous return atrium of 3 mm Hg or more had nonphasic disturbed blood flow in the systemic venous return atrium during diastole.We conclude that 1) PDE offers simple and specific detection of atrial flow patterns in infants who have had interatrial repair of transposition of the great arteries; 2) the detection of nonphasic disturbed atrial flow during diastole strongly suggests the presence of obstruction to systemic venous return; and 3) the detection of phasic atrial flow suggests the absence of significant obstruction.
NEURASTHENIA AND THE REST CURE.
Authors: FREDERICK A. McGREW
Journal: JAMA (1900)

The use of the rest cure as a method of treatment is rapidly increasing. "Retreats," "rest-homes," etc., are springing up in the neighborhood of cities in numbers almost rivaling the hospitals. In growing numbers patients with nervous complaints presentthemselves with a history of having "already taken the rest cure." Some of these have done so under professional advisement; others at their own discretion, or at the solicitation of friends. Some have been benefited, for without doubt it is a valuable resource in certain neurasthenic states. Some have escaped with no unpleasant effect other than an irksome sequestration; while others have returned with either a waning confidence in the judgment of their physicians, or a firmly fixed belief that their ailments are beyond the comprehension and reach of ordinary medical skill. Considering the ill-defined scope of the term "neurasthenia," and the inexactness with which text-book and journal writers prescribe the rest