tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anaesthetic services in obstetrics
Authors: M. Rosen
Journal: BMJ (1988)

<h3>Summary</h3> Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) infects multiple food-animal species, thus capable of disseminating among ungulate species with distinct transmission rates. Here present a multilevel compartmental stochastic model, taking into account births and deaths and explicit representation of species-specific transmission dynamics. The model considered two major modes of dissemination, between-farm animal and spatial transmission. Our model outcomes are the number of secondary infected animals and farms, spatial dissemination distances, and effectiveness of depopulation and vaccination along with surveillance and movement restrictions. We demonstrated that after 20 days of FMD dissemination, the median number of infected farms was 8 (IQR: 3-22), of which 7 (IQR: 3-22) were bovine, 3 (IQR: 1-6) swine farms, and 1 (IQR: 1-1) small ruminants. We demonstrate that animal movement dominated dissemination in the first days of epidemics, while at ten days the spatial transmission dominated bovine infections, whilst between-farm led to most swine infections. We have also shown the median distances between seeded and secondary infections was 5.77 km (IQR: 1-10.29 km), with some long-range dissemination at 695.40 km. We estimated that depopulating 12 and vaccinating 15,000 farms per day faded out 98.3% of the epidemics, however, was insufficient to contain large-scale epidemics (&gt; 248 infected farms). The estimated effectiveness of a baseline control scenario eliminated 93.4% of the epidemics with a median of 9 (IQR: 3-23, max: 221) infected farms. Our results demonstrated that the depopulation alone against epidemics with more than 22 infected farms had limited success, stamping out less than 80% of simulations. The developed transmission model allows for cross-species transmission to be considered in FMD policy-making, and the software implementation facilitates the adaption of scientific-based support to FMD planning and response throughout other Brazilian states.
The Cushing Syndrome: An Update on Diagnostic Tests
Authors: Todd B. Kaye
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Study Objective: Review and evaluation of diagnostic tests for the Cushing syndrome based on reports published since 1978. Data Identification: Studies published in the English literature from 1978 through 1989 were identified using Index Medicus and cross searching of bibliographies. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Studies of five or more patients for general analysis and smaller studies and case reports when pertinent. To develop criteria for the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) stimulation test, only studies reporting individual patient data were analyzed. Results: No new test is clearly better than existing tests in establishing a definitive diagnosis. Among tests to determine cause, the CRH stimulation test, by newly developed criteria, has a 91% sensitivity (95% CI, 85% to 95%) and a 95% specificity (CI, 82% to 99%), and the overnight highdose dexamethasone suppression test has an 89% sensitivity (CI, 80% to 94%) and a 100% specificity (CI, 84% to 100%) for the pituitary Cushing syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging has greater sensitivity for detecting adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-producing pituitary adenomas than computed tomography. Inferior petrosal sinus sampling can correctly identify a pituitary cause in 88% (CI, 79% to 94%) of cases. Conclusions: Diagnosis is still best established by using 24-hour urine free cortisol measurements or low-dose dexamethasone suppression testing. The CRH stimulation test is an outpatient alternative to determine cause, and the overnight high-dose dexamethasone test may become the test of choice along with plasma ACTH measurements by radioimmunoassay in the initial evaluation of cause. Magnetic resonance imaging should be used to evaluate the pituitary Cushing syndrome, and inferior petrosal sinus sampling is most useful in problematic cases with uncertain cause.
Research in Medical Education—Reply
Authors: Rose Hatala, Gordon H. Guyatt
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
INFLUENCE OF INCOMPLETE STENT APPOSITION (ISA) ON OCT-DETECTED THROMBUS AFTER DRUG-ELUTING STENT (DES) AND BARE METAL STENT (BMS)
Authors: Yukio Ozaki, Masanori Okumura, Horoyuki Naruse, Kousuke Hattori, Shino C. Kan, Makoto Ishikawa, Tomoko Kawai, Hiroto Harigaya, Hideki Kawai, Tousei Hashimoto, Junichi Ishii, Tevfik F. Ismail
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Regrets, I have a few
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Looking back, you’ll wonder why on earth we did it. Friendship wrist bands? Strictly Come Dancing ? Buying your children a flat? That second home? Ugg boots, and of course long hair on men? Similarly, looking back through the annals of medicine you flinch: tonsillectomy, danazol, all foot surgery, diazepam, and of course bisphosphonates. The difference between the two groups (with the exception of Strictly Come Dancing ) is that in medicine such mistakes can do enormous harm that is often only revealed in time. …
Acyclovir-Resistant Herpes Simplex Virus Infections in Patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: Kim S. Erlich, John Mills, Pamela Chatis, Gregory J. Mertz, David F. Busch, Stephen E. Follansbee, Robert M. Grant, Clyde S. Crumpacker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

RECURRENT herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are frequent in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although they are usually self-limiting in the normal host, such infections may produce extensive and persistent ulcerative disease in compromised hosts.1 Several studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of systemic acyclovir in severe HSV infections in immunodeficient patients, and this drug has become the antiviral agent of choice in the treatment of such infections.2 3 4 5 6 Virtually all HSV strains isolated from patients with acute HSV infections are highly susceptible to acyclovir, but acyclovir-resistant strains have been recovered occasionally from persons who have received prolonged therapy . . .
Advances in asthma. Hypersensitivity mechanisms.
Authors: M Turner-Warwick
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Advances in AsthmaIn the articles below three contributors discuss recent progress in the investigation, diagnosis, and treatment of asthma.Dr. Margaret Turner-Warwick shows that extrinsic asthma may be classified into reaginic and non- reaginic, but that the pathogenesis of non-allergic, intrinsic asthma remains a mystery.Dr. D. T. D. Hughes emphasizes the role of repeated simple lung-function tests in diagnosis and management.Considering the newer drugs, Dr. N. B. Pride suggests that disodium cromoglycate produces "useful" rather than "dramatic" changes, while salbutamol has a greater bronchodilator and a smaller cardiovascular effect than other sympathomimetic bronchodilators.
Gun Sighting, Visual Field Defects, and a Pituitary Tumor
Authors: IRMA H. ULLRICH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1986Gun Sighting, Visual Field Defects, and a Pituitary TumorIRMA H. ULLRICH, M.D., MARGARET J. ALBRINK, M.D.IRMA H. ULLRICH, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MARGARET J. ALBRINK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-3-463_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The onset of visual field defects resulting from suprasellar extension of a pituitary tumor may be so gradual as to be relatively unnoticed by the patient. Adjustments such as turning the head may compensate for very large defects during usual activities. Some recreational activities, however, require closing one eye, or at least focusing with only one eye, and the defect may become immediately apparent. Hunting and target shooting represent such activities that are very common in West Virginia, primarily a rural state with extensive hunting opportunities. We have seen two young men who noted visual problems only... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: West Virginia University Medical Center Morgantown, WV 26506 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byF 1 September 1986Volume 105, Issue 3Page: 463-463KeywordsPituitary tumors ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1986 PDF downloadLoading ...
Leaving a County Hospital Against Medical Advice
Authors: Alice A. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Patients leave the hospital against medical advice for a variety of reasons.<sup>1-3</sup>The medical importance of this phenomenon has not been well studied. We have investigated patients leaving against medical advice from a county hospital, in addition to the association between signing out against medical advice and substance abuse. <h3>Methods.—</h3> We reviewed discharge dispositions and diagnoses for the period of July 1, 1977, through June 30, 1978, of medical, general surgical, and orthopedic patients at Highland General Hospital, a 300-bed county hospital in Oakland, Calif. Primary and secondary diagnoses were classified according to the<i>International Classification of Diseases of the World Health Organization</i>(revision 8). Patients were considered to be drug or alcohol abusers if they carried a diagnosis that a previous study at this hospital had shown to be associated with substance abusers in greater than 90% of cases. <h3>Results.—</h3> A total of 5,394 patients were
DNA Replication Licensing Factor Minichromosome Maintenance Deficient 5 Rescues p53-Mediated Growth Arrest
Authors: Mukesh K. Agarwal, A.R.M. R. Amin, Munna L. Agarwal
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Inactivation of p53 signaling by mutation of p53 itself or abrogation of its normal function by other transfactors, such as MDM2, is a key event in the development of most human cancers. To identify novel regulators of p53, we have used a phenotype-based selection in which a total cDNA library in a retroviral vector has been introduced into TR9-7ER cells, which arrest when p53 is expressed from a tetracycline-regulated promoter. We have isolated several clones derived from cells that are not growth-arrested when p53 is overexpressed. In one clone, the levels of p53, p21, and MDM2 are comparable with those in TR9-7ER cells and, therefore, the abrogation of growth arrest by an exogenous cDNA is likely to be distal to p21. Using reverse transcription-PCR, we were able to isolate a cDNA of ∼2.2 kb, which was found to have 99% identity to the nucleotides between about 80 and 2,288 of the open reading frame of a gene encoding DNA replication licensing factor. It encodes complete peptide of 734 residues of this protein also called minichromosome maintenance deficient 5 (MCM5) or cell division cycle 46 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Northern and Western blot analyses revealed that the expression of MCM5 and its transcriptional regulator, E2F1, is negatively regulated by p53. When MCM5 cDNA was reintroduced into fresh TR9-7ER cells, numerous colonies that grow in the absence of tetracycline were formed. This novel observation establishes a role for MCM5 in negating the growth arrest function of p53. [Cancer Res 2007;67(1):116–21]
Mental Health Experts Work to Help Youth Recover From War’s Psychic Toll
Authors: Lynne Lamberg
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hemoglobin A1c Levels and Risk of Severe Hypoglycemia in Children and Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes from Germany and Austria: A Trend Analysis in a Cohort of 37,539 Patients between 1995 and 2012
Authors: Beate Karges, Joachim Rosenbauer, Thomas Kapellen, Verena M. Wagner, Edith Schober, Wolfram Karges, Reinhard W. Holl
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

In a cohort study, Beate Karges and colleagues find that the association between low hemoglobin A1C and severe hypoglycemia in children and young adults with type 1 diabetes has decreased over the period between 1995 and 2012. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Latest Generation, Wide-Angle, High-Definition Colonoscopes Increase Adenoma Detection Rate
Authors: Andreas Adler, Alireza Aminalai, Jens Aschenbeck, Rolf Drossel, Michael Mayr, Mathias Scheel, Andreas Schröder, Timur Yenerim, Bertram Wiedenmann, Ulrich Gauger, Stephanie Roll, Thomas Rösch
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2011)
False-positive complement-fixation serology in histoplasmosis. A retrospective study
Authors: P. B. Terry
Journal: JAMA (1978)

A review of the records of 79 consecutive patients who had a positive immunodiffusion or complement-fixation test for histoplasmosis showed 28 (35%) with false-positive serologic results in relation to their clinical significance. Twelve patients (15%) had complement-fixation titers of 1:32 or greater, without cultural or histological evidence of active infection. No common clinical or laboratory finding could be correlated with the presence of false-positive tests. The latter finding correlates well with the incidence of false-positive complement-fixation titers (12%) in the normal random patient population.
Relation of the hypertonic saline responsiveness of the airways to exercise induced asthma symptom severity and to histamine or methacholine reactivity.
Authors: H K Makker, S T Holgate
Journal: Thorax (1993)

Conflicting views exist over whether responsiveness of the airways to hypertonic saline relates to non-specific bronchial hyperresponsiveness measured by histamine or methacholine challenge. The bronchoconstrictor responses to exercise and hypertonic saline are reported to be closely related, but the relationship between the symptoms of exercise induced asthma and airway responsiveness to hypertonic saline is not known.In 29 asthmatic patients with a history of exercise induced asthma, the response to an ultrasonically nebulised hypertonic saline (3.6% sodium chloride) aerosol, measured as the volume of hypertonic saline laden air required to produce a fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of > or = 20% (PD20), was compared with the concentration of histamine (PC20; group 1) and methacholine (PC20; group 2) producing a 20% fall in baseline FEV1 and exercise induced asthma symptom severity score (groups 1 and 2). The hypertonic responsiveness was determined in a dose-response manner to a maximum dose of 310 1 and the exercise induced asthma symptom severity was scored on a scale of 0-5.Of the 29 patients, 23 (79%) were responsive to the hypertonic saline, with PD20 values ranging from 9 to 310 1. A significant correlation was found between the PD20 hypertonic saline and the exercise induced asthma symptom score. There was no significant correlation between the PD20 response to hypertonic saline and the histamine PC20 or methacholine PC20. The exclusion of those subjects who failed to respond to hypertonic saline improved the relationship between hypertonic saline and methacholine PC20. No significant correlation was found between the exercise induced asthma symptom score and histamine PC20 or methacholine PC20.These findings suggest that hypertonic saline responsiveness bears a closer relationship to the severity of exercise induced asthma symptoms than to the non-specific bronchial hyperresponsiveness measured by histamine or methacholine reactivity.
Demonstration of mast cell chemotactic activity in synovial fluid from rheumatoid patients
Authors: Niclas Olsson, Ann-Christin Ulfgren, Gunnar Nilsson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

The significance of the mast cell in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases has become more evident. Although mast cell hyperplasia is a feature of rheumatoid arthritis, the nature of mast cell chemoattractants involved in the recruitment of mast cells in joint diseases has not been studied in any detail. In this study the presence of mast cell chemotactic activity in synovial fluids was examined.Synovial fluids from seven rheumatoid patients were tested in a modified Boyden chamber, where a human mast cell line was used as responder. The presence of stem cell factor (SCF) and transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Six of the seven synovial fluids tested exhibited mast cell chemotactic activity. Two characterised human mast cell chemotaxins, SCF and TGFbeta, were highly expressed in the synovium. Soluble SCF could be detected in all fluids analysed. Blocking antibodies against SCF or TGFbeta almost completely blocked the activity in one fluid, partially blocked the activity in three, and did not affect the activity in two. Treatment of the responder cells with pertussis toxin reduced the migratory response against seven fluids, indicating the presence of chemoattractants mediating their effect through G(i) coupled receptors.These data demonstrate the presence of multiple factors in synovial fluid acting as mast cell chemoattractants, two of which are SCF and TGFbeta that contribute to the effect. These findings may be of importance for developing new strategies to inhibit mast cell accumulation in rheumatic diseases.
Size‐Controlled and Biocompatible Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Nanoparticles for Dual Photoacoustic and MR Imaging
Authors: Yu Kimura, Ryota Kamisugi, Michiko Narazaki, Tetsuya Matsuda, Yasuhiko Tabata, Akio Toshimitsu, Teruyuki Kondo
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

The synthesis, characterization, and functional evaluation of new size-controlled and biocompatible Gd2O3 nanoparticles as a bimodal contrast agent for use in photoacoustic (PA) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are reported. These nanoparticles show a clear PA image by themselves, without conjugation with gold, rare earth metals, or dyes. Relaxivity measurement by MR imaging clearly shows that their relaxivity, r1, is twice that of clinically available Gd-DTPA.
Childbearing among Older Women — The Message is Cautiously Optimistic
Authors: F. G. Cunningham, K. J. Leveno
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

During the past decade, the proportion of American women giving birth over the age of 35 has increased. In 1991, there were approximately 513,000 pregnancies in women 35 to 39 years of age and another 92,000 in women 40 or older,1 as older and often well-educated women made up for previous delays in childbearing. This trend has continued to intensify among women over the age of 30. At the same time, the number of women in their 30s who remain childless has increased sharply over the past two decades.2 Among women who reached 35 years of age by the end . . .
How We Can Save the Planet
Authors: Ian Roberts
Journal: BMJ (2006)

C limate change scares us when we think about it. It prompts us to recycle printer cartridges, turn off lights, and use public transport when we can. We think that hydrogen vehicles are the transport of the future and that, thanks to big research grants from benign energy companies, the best brains in Britain are working on how to keep climate change at bay. In other words, we have lost the plot.

I read How We Can Save the Planet on …
ERYTHEMA ELEVATUM DRTTINUM—VESICULAR LESIONS AND SULPHONE RESPONSE
Authors: DOROTHY I. VOLLUM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1968)

SUMMARY. The clinical and histological features of erythema elevatum diutinum are summarised. Reported cases with bullous or vesicular lesions are reviewed, and previous therapeutic experience is discussed. A case of the bullous form is described. Attacks lasting five months recurred each winter. Dapsone was dramatically effective.
Charcoal haemoperfusion and haemodialysis in acute intermittent porphyria.
Authors: A C Laiwah, B Junor, G J MacPhee, G G Thompson, K E McColl
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Charcoal haemoperfusion has been advocated as a means of removing delta aminolaevulinic acid, which accumulates in attacks of acute intermittent porphyria. A woman presented with acute intermittent porphyria unresponsive to conventional treatment and with pain that was difficult to control. Charcoal haemoperfusion was performed in series with haemodialysis for two hours daily on four consecutive days. Although during this treatment serum and urinary concentrations of delta aminolaevulinic acid and porphobilinogen were considerably reduced, they had returned to pretreatment values 24 hours after the end of treatment. Abdominal pain was not relieved. Although a longer course of treatment might have had a more favourable outcome, this seems unlikely in view of the rapid rebound of serum concentration of delta amino-laevulinic acid after each haemoperfusion.
Patients' rating of treatment tells you more about patients than hospitals, research concludes
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The way patients rate the outcome of their treatments in different hospitals says more about the patients than it does about the hospitals, a study at the Centre for Health Economics at the University of York has found.

Using patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) collected by the NHS in England since 2009, a team led by Andrew Street has found that most of the variation was accounted for by the types of patient treated rather than by the competence of the hospital treating them.

The findings, presented at a meeting in London on 14 November organised by Healthcare Conferences UK, undermine the idea that led to the introduction of PROMs in England, which was to improve the quality of care by identifying poor performers and enabling informed patients to choose to go to better ones.

Speaking at the meeting, Nick Black of …