tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE NEUROPSYCHIATRIC SCREENING ADJUNCT (NSA) AND THE CORNELL SELECTEE INDEX (FORM N)
Authors: HARRY C. LEAVITT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1946)

1. A statistical correlation study made in an induction station between the Neuropsychiatric Screening Adjunct (NSA) and the Cornell Selectee Index, Form N, revealed that both tests performed the same function as shown by a correlation of minus .81. 2. Intensive neuropsychiatric examining experience in an induction station, has taught the need for greater attention to be given to the manner in which individual test items are answered, and a minimum amount of consideration given to the test score value. 3. We believe the NSA test superior to Form N in the following ways: (a) Less time is required for administration and scoring; (b) phrasing of individual questions is better in that wording is more simple and to the point; (c) a minimum of non-essential questions are presented. This quality permits a perusal of the items by the examiner with a minimum of time and visual sorting of the significant responses; (d) the multiplicity of choice in type of reply allowed the individual was of definite aid in the economy of the neuropsychiatrist's time. 4. Certain advantageous elements were present in Form N which were lacking in the NSA; namely, Form N contained certain very important questions absent in the other test, and several items were better worded and presented than similar items in the NSA. 5. Neither the NSA nor Form N was designed to effectively detect psychopathology such as psychopathic personalities, conversion hysteria trends, obsessional states, and the pre-psychotic and psychotic personalities. 6. Any type of neuropsychiatric screening test must only serve as a supplement to an examiner's judgment. The utilization of a test score by a clerk as the only criterion to determine whether an individual is neuropsychiatrically acceptable, without a routine neuropsychiatric interview, is not recommended. Of necessity, a neuropsychiatric interview must include a neurological examination.
Folate and vitamin B12 in epilepsy.
Authors: C D Allen
Journal: BMJ (1970)

I have a vivid recollection of one of my teachers whose habit was as I was about to divide the second cranial nerve in an enucleation to say, "it was the right eye, wasn't it, Payne?"One knew very well that he would say this, but it never failed to send a shiver down the spine, and I have always felt compelled to verify the laterality by all possible means in the theatre imme- diately before operations of this sort.-Iam, etc., I.
1006-42 What Beyond Aspirin and Anticoagulation Improves Outcome in Unstable Angina? Effect of Medical Therapy
Authors: Steven Borzak, Phillip L. Kraft, Lori Douthat, Christopher P. Cannon, Elliott Antman, Joe Massaro, Sebastian T. Palmeri, Judith S. Hochman, Carolyn T. McCabe, Joanna Fuchs, Burt Adelman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
FIVE CASES OF CHOLELITHIASIS.
Authors: BAYARD HOLMES
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The following cases are reported because each of them contains at least one point of real surgical interest: <h3>Case 1.</h3> —<i>Indistinct pain in the abdomen, with sick headache; the morphin habit; empyema of the gall bladder; cholecystostomy; recovery</i>. The patient was a physician, 45 years of age, who came to Dr. Waugh's sanitorium for the treatment of the morphin habit. He was of very regular habits, used no tobacco or alcohol and had no significant previous history. He had indistinct pain in his back and abdomen for several years and was accustomed to take small doses of morphin to relieve this distress. These doses increased, however, in frequency and size until he found himself, under one pretext or another, taking larger and larger doses, up to 0.45 or 0.52 grams a day. He was bright and had been able to follow his practice, which was large and diversified. On
Lesson of the week: Turner's syndrome mosaicism in patients with a normal blood lymphocyte karyotype
Authors: C. Azcona, P. Bareille, R. Stanhope
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Most doctors believe that a normal blood lymphocyte karyotype excludes the diagnosis of Turner's syndrome. However, there are patients whose dysmorphic features strongly suggest Turner's syndrome, but whose lymphocyte karyotype is normal. In the past, these patients have probably been labelled inappropriately as having Noonan's syndrome. In a girl with some of the clinical features of Turner's syndrome—growth failure,1 gonadal dysfunction, cardiovascular abnormalities, renal anomalies, a webbed or short neck, or both, cubitus valgus, and nail dysplasia, 2 3 —it is important to make an accurate diagnosis. Turner's syndrome has serious sequelae throughout life—especially with regard to hypertension, oestrogen replacement, infertility, and skeletal integrity.

We describe four patients who had features of Turner's syndrome (see table), but whose lymphocyte karyotype was normal. All had more than just short stature. The patients in cases 1, 3, and 4 had other clinical features of Turner's syndrome, while the girl …
The utility of endoscopic ultrasonography and endoscopy in the endoscopic mucosal resection of early gastric cancer
Authors: S Ohashi, K Segawa, S Okamura, M Mitake, H Urano, M Shimodaira, T Takeda, S Kanamori, T Naito, K Takeda, B Itoh, H Goto, Y Niwa, T Hayakawa
Journal: Gut (1999)

To clarify the usefulness of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and endoscopy in the endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of early gastric cancer. Patients/Methods-EMR was performed in 61 patients with early gastric cancer over the past five years. The accuracy of the assessment of the depth of cancerous invasion was studied in 49 patients who had EUS before EMR. Forty eight patients were treated with endoscopy alone; in these patients, EUS and endoscopic findings correlated with the clinical course.Forty six patients showed no changes in the submucosal layer or deeper structures on EUS. Pathologically these included 37 patients with mucosal cancer and nine with submucosal cancer showing very slight submucosal infiltration. Three patients showed diffuse low echo changes in the submucosal layer on EUS; pathologically, these included two with submucosal cancer and one with mucosal cancer with a peptic ulcer scar within the tumour focus. Of 48 patients receiving endoscopic treatment alone, 45 showed no tumour recurrence or evidence of metastases on EUS and endoscopy. Three cases of recurrence were observed. Two of these patients had a surgical gastrectomy, and one was re-treated endoscopically. In the former cases, the surgical results correlated well with assessment by EUS and endoscopy. In addition, the latter patient who was re-treated endoscopically after evaluation with EUS and endoscopy has so far had no recurrence.The combined use of EUS and endoscopy is effective in diagnosing the depth of cancerous invasion in patients undergoing EMR as well as in clarifying changes both within and between anatomic levels during follow up.
THE MANAGEMENT OF EPIDEMIC SUMMER DIARRHOEA AND VOMITING, INCLUDING THE USE OF SALINE INJECTIONS
Authors: H. K. Waller, G. Walker
Journal: BMJ (1911)

TH1C outbreak of the epidemiiic siun^mer diarrhoea and vomiiitinlg in the district surrounding this hospital shows signs of being miiore widespread and severe in character tlall iusual.As tlle end of tlle epidemic is probably still distant, any figuires of the numbers treated are incon- cltusive.But it may be said tllat at least one-third of the clhildren seen in the out-patient department are sufferers, anid amongst the casualty patients seen at night the occa- siolial dog bite or swallowed halfpenny forms a welcome digre4sion from the mnonotonous stream of diarrhoea and vc miting.Between July 1st and August 18th 125 cases were adiiiitted to tile miedical wards; this does not include those wlhicil at the time of writing occupied 54 of 80 medical cots in tlhe liospital.Of the 125 admissions 50 have died and 75 have been discllarged as cured that is, with a cessa- tioni of symptolns and able to take a normal diet.A small
Serum Concentrations of Uric Acid and the Metabolic Syndrome Among US Children and Adolescents
Authors: Earl S. Ford, Chaoyang Li, Stephen Cook, Hyon K. Choi
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— The association between concentrations of uric acid and the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents remains incompletely understood. The objective of this study was to examine how these 2 were associated in a nationally representative sample of US children and adolescents. Methods and Results— We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 1370 males and females aged 12 to 17 years using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2002. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was &lt;1% among participants in the lowest quartile of serum concentration of uric acid, 3.7% in the second quartile, 10.3% in the third quartile, and 21.1% in the highest quartile. Compared with the lowest 2 quartiles of uric acid together (≤291.5 μmol/L), the odds ratios were 5.80 (95% confidence interval, 3.22 to 10.46) for those in the third quartile (&gt;291.5 to ≤339 μmol/L or &gt;4.9 to ≤5.7 mg/dL) and 14.79 (95% confidence interval, 7.78 to 28.11) for those in the top quartile (&gt;339 μmol/L) after adjustment for age, sex, race or ethnicity, and concentrations of C-reactive protein. Starting with the lowest quartile of concentration of uric acid, mean concentrations of serum insulin were 66.2, 66.7, 79.9, and 90.9 pmol/L for ascending quartiles, respectively ( P for trend &lt;0.001). Conclusions— Among US children and adolescents, serum concentrations of uric acid are strongly associated with the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and several of its components.
Erythema Gyratum Repens
Authors: Maia Delage, Michael Naouri
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

An 83-year-old man was evaluated for a 1-year history of a pruritic, progressively worsening migratory rash, with associated weakness and a 5-kg weight loss. He had a 30-pack-year history of smoking; he had stopped smoking 45 years earlier. On examination, he had erythematous skin lesions that appeared in concentric, raised, serpiginous bands, with desquamation (Panel A). The rash affected mainly the trunk and proximal extremities. A clinical diagnosis of erythema gyratum repens was made. A computed tomographic scan revealed a pulmonary mass measuring 59 by 43 mm (Panel B). Bronchoscopy with biopsy revealed squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung. Erythema gyratum . . .
Recovery of renal function after prolonged dialysis and transplantation.
Authors: R Ahmad
Journal: BMJ (1983)

become highly prized only when they are no longer available.A few psychiatric hospitals have small museums and the various medical schools and colleges have theirs, but these are for restricted professional use and do not offer the public a more general folk museum approach.A National Museum of Health could fill the gap and become a repository of the history and progress in health and welfare.
OBLIQUE INGUINAL HERNIA.
Authors: A.E. BENJAMIN
Journal: JAMA (1903)

and four years in the medical course.In 21 departments of universities the baccalaureate course is four years in length and the medical course three years in length.Forty-three independent medical schools make an al¬ lowance of one year to graduates in arts and science of reputable colleges.In 28 medical schools less than seven years are required for both baccalaureate and pro¬ fessional degrees.Forty-four do not give us satisfactory information on this subject.In 79 medical schools an allowance of one year is also made to graduates in dentistry, in 70 to graduates in pharmacy, in 59 to graduates in veterinary medicine, in two to graduates in osteopathy.In 68 there is no evi¬ dence of allowance in these classes.It is my present opinion that the regents should be somewhat elastic in registering college courses under the amended law.It should be sufficient for them to require that the college work be of such a character as will fit students for admission to advanced standing in medicine.It will be contended that only those medical schools that are wealthy enough to provide many courses from which candidates have the privilege of election within certain limits can admit to the second year of medicine Avithout disorganizing their work students with baccalaureate degrees representing only a broad training in Latin, French and German, physics, chem¬ istry, biology and mathematics.It may be that many schools now giving generally an allowance of one year to college graduates may be driven, like Yale and the University of Pennsylvania, to abandon this plan and to admit to the second year only such students as have covered satisfactorily the work embraced in the first medical year.As medical school faculties are strengthened, how¬ ever, and as faculties increase, they can admit to the second year of medicine more and more freely those with baccalaureate degrees that embrace a general train¬ ing in Latin.French and German, physics, chemistry, biology and mathematics.In other words, I believe that at present the regents should look at it from the broad standpoint that a three-year professional course based on a four-year college course is preferable to a four- year medical course based on high-school work only, and that the responsibility for the necessary rearrangement of work must rest with the medical schools.OBLIQUE INGUINAL HERNIA.* .
Specific Functions for ERK/MAPK Signaling during PNS Development
Authors: Jason M. Newbern, Xiaoyan Li, Sarah E. Shoemaker, Jiang Zhou, Jian Zhong, Yaohong Wu, Daniel Bonder, Steven Hollenback, Giovanni Coppola, Daniel H. Geschwind, Gary E. Landreth, William D. Snider
Journal: Neuron (2011)
PURPURA HEMORRHAGICA IN PERTUSSIS
Authors: H. W. KNIGHT
Journal: JAMA (1910)

blood-vessels, may determine a complete rupture of the vessel coats.Such bleeding is similar to the hemorrhage which occasionally occurs on too suddenly emptying the bladder after prolonged retention.In one of my cases, at least, hemorrhage ex vacuo would seem to offer a plan sll,lo explanation for the bleeding.CASE "l.-The ]iaticnt. 27years old.bad been well °t ¡in obstinate anterior urethritis for about one month, Because of this infection he had been continent for several months; during.whiobtime he had had no seminal emissions.On coitus he noticed the discharge was deeply blood-sl a ined.Rl»d consulted me the following day.Alternate stripping °l the prostate and vesicles showed the proslalie secretion Rnd that from the right vesicle to be normal.The expressed contents of the lefi vesicle showed considerable fresh blood ~'IO pus.
Abstract 5487: Anti-proliferative, apoptotic and immunological effects of ganoderic acid DM on prostate cancer cells
Authors: Azizul Haque, Benjamin M. Johnson, Bently P. Doonan, Azim Hossain, Faisal F. Radwan
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Natural extracts have been the focus of recent investigation in the design of novel chemotherapeutics. One potential natural therapeutic agent is ganoderic acid DM (GA-DM), an extract from the Ganoderma lucidum mushroom previously shown to inhibit 5-α-reductase activity and prevent binding of dihydrotestosterone to the androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells. Studies in our laboratory used nonradioactive cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assays to investigate GA-DM's effect on both androgen dependent and independent prostate cancer cell lines, revealing dose dependent killing and inhibition of proliferation by this natural extract. Microscopic analysis using Hoechst staining showed DNA breakdown consisted with apoptosis in GA-DM-treated prostate cancer cells. Annexin V staining confirmed low levels of apoptotic cell death when treated with GA-DM. Western blotting and biochemical analysis revealed that GA-DM induced apoptotic cell death that was independent of caspase activation, cytochrome c release, and Bax induction. Further investigation showed that GA-DM treatment activated HLA protein expression, implying some immunological involvement contributing to GA-DM-induced cell death. This study outlines a novel mechanism of GA-DM-induced inhibition of proliferation, induction of apoptosis and immune components in both androgen dependent and independent prostate cancer cells, the implications of which support GA-DM's potential use in multimodal chemoimmunotherapeutics. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5487. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5487
An organotypic culture system of Merkel cells using isolated epidermal sheets
Authors: K. Nagase, S. Aoki, K. Uchihashi, N. Misago, M. Shimohira-Yamasaki, S. Toda, Y. Narisawa
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Merkel cells (MCs) exist in the epidermal basal layer, in contact with keratinocytes. This direct contact seems critical for maintaining MCs in vitro.To estimate the effects of nerve cells on the maintenance of MCs within epidermal sheets in a new organotypic culture system of MCs.We developed a new organotypic culture system of MCs, using MC-containing epidermal sheets embedded in collagen gel. To estimate the effects of nerve cells on the maintenance of MCs within the epidermal sheets, we cocultured nerve cells and MC-containing epidermal sheets. In these culture assemblies, cellular behaviour was analysed by histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.This culture, even in the absence of neurotrophin (NT)-3 and nerve growth factor (NGF) (which are crucial for MC biology), retained cytokeratin (CK)-20-positive and neuroendocrine granule-containing MCs within the sheets for over 2 weeks. Coculture of MCs with PC-12 nerve cells significantly increased the number of MCs within the epidermal sheets, and the keratinocytes had almost identical expression levels of CK1, CK10, CK14 and the progenitor marker p63 to those produced by keratinocytes in vivo. Uptake of the growth marker bromodeoxyuridine by MCs and levels of NT-3 and NGF in the culture supernatants were undetectable in this system, regardless of the presence or absence of PC-12.The data suggest, first, that direct contact between MCs and keratinocytes may be critical for retaining MCs in vitro; second, that nerve cell-affected maintenance of keratinocyte differentiation, but not NT-3 and NGF, may contribute to MC maintenance; and third, that MCs are not able to grow, at least in our system. Our method would be useful for studying MC biology.
Regulation of lipid accumulation by AMK-activated kinase in high fat diet–induced kidney injury
Authors: Anne-Emilie Declèves, Zarazuela Zolkipli, Joseph Satriano, Lin Wang, Tomohiro Nakayama, Mihael Rogac, Thuy P. Le, Joëlle L. Nortier, Marilyn G. Farquhar, Robert K. Naviaux, Kumar Sharma
Journal: Kidney International (2013)
The Japanese healthcare system
Authors: Hideki Nomura, Takeo Nakayama
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The issue is to solve the “tragedy of the commons” without making another 

T he Japanese medical insurance system has a unique combination of characteristics that has led to the overuse of tests and drugs, unconstrained demand from patients, and an explosion of costs. Unless the system of medical insurance and reimbursement of healthcare providers changes, the combination of increasing technological advances, an ageing population, and unconstrained demand will produce a crisis in Japanese health care. Japan is only belatedly waking up to this crisis.

The Japanese medical insurance system has four characteristics that lie at the root of the problem. Firstly, Japanese citizens are covered comprehensively and exclusively by either national medical insurance (for the self employed) or social insurance (for employees). Beneficiaries have to make some co-payments, which are capped depending on income.1 Secondly, mixed private and insurance payments are prohibited—that is, beneficiaries cannot pay privately for medical services that are covered by their medical insurance. Thirdly, beneficiaries have guaranteed access to any healthcare providers, from general practitioners to specialists, without being charged a premium fee. Finally, healthcare providers and institutions are reimbursed through fees for service.

Fuelled by economic growth after the second world war and facilitated by the healthcare system, Japan has become one of the most medically advanced nations in the world, especially in its service quantity. Compared with other developed countries in the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Japan is the runaway leader in the number of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography …
Tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining of monocytes in gaucher disease
Authors: Kevin Troy, Janet Cuttner, Margaret Reilly, Gregory Grabowski, Robert Desnick
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Cytochemical studies were performed on peripheral blood from 30 patients with type 1 Gaucher disease. In 29 of the patients, peripheral blood monocytes stained positively for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, whereas monocytes from 18 normal individuals and 14 patients with monocytosis did not. In the Gaucher patients, the percentage of monocyte positivity for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase ranged from 2 to 97. There was no correlation between the percent monocyte staining and the degree of disease severity, as measured by hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, or extent of bone disease, for the group as a whole. In Gaucher patients who had not undergone splenectomy, however, there was a significant correlation between percent monocyte staining and the degree of hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. The presence of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase may be secondary to the lysosomal accumulation of glucosyl ceramide within these monocytes, although this remains to be confirmed. If so, these circulating cells may represent precursors of the Gaucher cells in tissues. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining of peripheral blood monocytes may be useful as a diagnostic marker for Gaucher type 1 disease and for further studies on the pathogenesis of the disease.
Create and maintain an age-sex register.
Authors: F M Sullivan, R C Eagers, K Lynch
Journal: BMJ (1987)

An age-sex register is thought to be a good thing by many general practitioners'; despite this half of those surveyed recently did not have one and most of these had no plans to establish one.2This seems surprising when information technology that will make a list of patients arranged according to age and sex is available to all general practitioners and family practitioner committees (health boards in Scotland).3These computerised age-sex registers are easy to create and maintain with regular-for example-quarterlyupdates to ensure accuracy and concordance between the informa- tion held by general practitioners and by family practitioner committees or health boards.Ifprovided with an age-sex register most general practitioners see its advantages.Some ofits uses are in (1) patient administration, for assessing capitation fees and eligibility for services (particularly in a practice with a mobile population, for the receptionist can quickly find out if a patient who presents to the surgery is registered);(2) monitoring changes in list size and structure, which can help in practice administration; (3) identifying groups by age and sex, which is important for screening and immunisation programmes and in the running ofwell woman clinics; (4) providing a morbidity register for diseases such as diabetes and hypertension; (5) pro- viding an "at risk" register for patients with social problems, who smoke, or who are receiving long term treatments; and (6) teaching, in listing patients who are willing to see students.As it is unlikely that computerised systems will be universally available in the next few years how might general practitioners create and maintain their own age-sex register?Registers were first described in 1963 in Britain,4 and a wide