tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
LOCALIZATION OF ANTIGEN IN TISSUE CELLS
Authors: Alan G. S. Hill, Helen Wendler Deane, Albert H. Coons
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1950)

The fate of the capsular polysaccharide of Friedländer B bacillus in the mouse after its intravenous administration was studied by means of homologous antibody labelled with fluorescein. The results indicate that this acid polysaccharide, like pneumococcal polysaccharide, types II and III, was rapidly taken up by phagocytic cells throughout the body, where it persisted in decreasing concentration for more than 33 days. It was widely distributed in the capillary endothelium and on collagenous fibres in all organs. It made a transient appearance in or on lymphocytes in the spleen and lymph nodes. It was found in the hepatic epithelium and in the bile; in the juxtaglomerular segment of the distal renal tubule and in an occasional cast in the lumens of collecting tubules; in the epithelium of some uterine glands; and in cells in the steroid-secreting tissues of the ovary, suprarenal cortex, and perhaps of the testis. In joints the synovial membranes contained large amounts of antigen, and some also penetrated into cartilage cells adjacent to the joint cavity. Osteoblasts and a few osteocytes also took up the polysaccharide. When administered by inhalation, the polysaccharide was found in high concentration in the pulmonary macrophages but could not be found constantly in other lung elements.
Diagnosis of Unilateral Renal Artery Lesions After Captopril Administration-Reply
Authors: Pierre Corvol
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Let us stress the following points. Dr Grim considers our data preliminary. He does not seem to be aware that, when our article was published in January 1984, at least five other articles (besides the article by Lyons et al quoted by Dr Grim) had already shown the usefulness of converting enzyme inhibition for investigating renal vein renin ratios in renovascular hypertension.<sup>1-5</sup> Dr Grim states that the diagnosis of a renal artery lesion causing hypertension is retrospective, based on the sustained cure (for how long?) of the hypertension by the surgical intervention. This implies that we ought to operate on all our patients to confirm or exclude such a diagnosis. This is not reasonable, and we prefer to use the three positive diagnostic criteria (functional, biochemical, and anatomic) proposed by Izzo<sup>6</sup>in a recent editorial in this journal. Dr Grim reproaches us for not presenting evidence
Forced expiratory indices in normal black southern African children aged 6-19 years.
Authors: M H Shamssain
Journal: Thorax (1991)

Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced expiratory ratio (FEV1/FVC x 100), forced mid expiratory flow (FMF), and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were measured in 2000 non-smoking black African schoolchildren aged 6-19 years from Umtata in the Republic of Transkei in Southern Africa. FVC, FEV1, FMF, and PEF were highly correlated with each other and all were highly correlated with age and standing height in both sexes. There was a significant negative correlation between FEV1/FVC and both age and standing height. An increase in the slope of the increase in FVC for both age and height occurred at 11 years and 143 cm in girls and at 13 years and 150 cm in boys. This continued for about two years and 10 cm in both groups before it declined. The mean values of FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and PEF in the present study were 14% lower than those obtained in black American schoolchildren. The present study is the largest study of urban black African schoolchildren and provides useful reference values.
Corinne Camilleri-Ferrante
Authors: W. Caan
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Corinne Camilleri-Ferrante was steeped in medicine as a child, as her father (the late Professor A P Camilleri) was dean of Malta medical school. Strong family loyalty and strong faith would mark her life at every stage and in every place she worked. Political upheavals while she was at the Royal University of Malta required her to transfer to University College London in 1977 to complete her medical studies. Even to those who met Corinne back in London, her joie de vivre was exceptional (often expressed in hospitality …
Do you hate the Russians more than you love your children?
Authors: J. Davis
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> There is an outstanding need for broadly acting antiviral drugs to combat emerging viral diseases. Here, we report that thiopurines inhibit the replication of the betacoronaviruses HCoV-OC43 and SARS-CoV-2, and to a lesser extent, the alphacoronavirus HCoV-229E. 6-Thioguanine (6-TG) disrupted early stages of infection, limiting synthesis of full-length and subgenomic HCoV RNAs. Furthermore, consistent with our previous report on the effects of thiopurines on influenza A virus glycoproteins, we observed that 6-TG inhibited accumulation of Spike glycoproteins from diverse HCoVs. Specifically, 6-TG treatment decreased the accumulation of Spike proteins and increased their electrophoretic mobility, consistent with Spike migration following the enzymatic removal of N-linked oligosaccharides with Peptide:N-glycosidase F (PNGaseF). SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles (VLPs) harvested from 6-TG-treated cells were deficient in Spike. 6-TG treatment had a similar effect on lentiviruses pseudotyped with SARS-CoV-2 Spike; lentiviruses could be harvested from cell supernatants but were deficient in Spike and unable to infect human cells bearing ACE2 receptors. Together, these findings from complementary ectopic expression and infection models strongly indicate that defective Spike trafficking and processing is an outcome of 6-TG treatment. At low micromolar doses, the primary known mode of action of 6-TG is selective inhibition of the small GTPase Rac1. However, we observed that selective chemical inhibitors of the small GTPases Rac1, CDC42 and Rho had no effect on Spike processing and accumulation. The GTPase agonist ML099 countered the effects of 6-TG, suggesting that an unknown GTPase could be the relevant 6-TG-target protein involved in regulating Spike processing and accumulation. Overall, these findings provide important clues about the mechanism of action of a candidate antiviral that can broadly target HCoVs and suggest that small GTPases are promising targets for host-targeted antivirals. <h3>AUTHOR SUMMARY</h3> The COVID-19 pandemic has ignited efforts to repurpose existing drugs as safe and effective antivirals. Rather than directly inhibiting viral enzymes, host-targeted antivirals inhibit host cell processes to indirectly impede viral replication and/or stimulate antiviral responses. Here, we describe a new antiviral mechanism of action for the FDA-approved thiopurine 6-thioguanine. We demonstrate that this thiopurine is a pro-drug that must be metabolized by host enzymes to gain antiviral activity. We show that it can inhibit the replication of several human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, at least in part by interfering with the processing and accumulation of Spike glycoproteins, thereby impeding assembly of infectious progeny viruses. We provide evidence implicating host cell GTPase enzymes in the antiviral mechanism of action.
A Technique for Producing Constant Plasma Drug Concentrations
Authors: JOHN J. AMBRE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1987A Technique for Producing Constant Plasma Drug ConcentrationsJOHN J. AMBRE, M.D., R. SMITH-COGGINS, M.D., STEVEN BELKNAP, M.D., JOHN NELSON, M.D.JOHN J. AMBRE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, R. SMITH-COGGINS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, STEVEN BELKNAP, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOHN NELSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-107-1-122_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: It is well known that the ideal intravenous drug regimen designed to achieve immediately and then maintain a constant plasma drug concentration is a loading dose injection followed by an infusion that exponentially decreases to a constant maintenance rate. The major obstacle to the application of the ideal regimen in the clinical setting has been the lack of a simple, economical method of effecting exponential drug delivery. Exponentially decreasing intravenous infusions have been approximated by stepped changes in delivery rate from constant rate infusion pumps, multiple injection loading doses, and other methods (1, 2), which have the...References1. GREENBLATTBOLOGNINIKOCH-WESERHARMATZ DVJJ. Pharmacokinetic approach to the clinical use of lidocaine intravenously. JAMA. 1976;236:273-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. SALZERWEINRIBMARINALIMA LARJ. A comparison of methods of lidocaine administration in patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1981;29:617-24. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. KLEINBLOESEMVAN BRUMMELENDANHOFFABERURQUHARTBREIMER CPMHJD. Rate of increase in the plasma concentration of nifedipine as a major determinant of its hemodynamic effects in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1987;41:26-30. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. RIDDELLMCALLISTERWILKINSONWOODRODEN JCGAD. A new method for constant plasma drug concentrations: application to lidocaine. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:25-8. LinkGoogle Scholar5. CHOWAMBRERUOATKINSONBOWSHERFISCHMAN MJTADM. Kinetic of cocaine distribution, elimination and chronotropic effects. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1985;38:318-24. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Northwestern University Medical School Chicago, IL 60611 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPseudodifferential Operators on Compact Manifolds with Lipschitz BoundaryTime-Dependent Distribution Volume and Kinetics of the Pharmacodynamic Effector SiteWhat’s New in Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics? 1 July 1987Volume 107, Issue 1Page: 122-122KeywordsAttentionBlood plasmaDrug deliveryDrugs Issue Published: 1 July 1987 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Abstract 3928: <i>In vivo</i> ERK1/2 reporting demonstrates the association and timing of ERK1/2 pathway reactivation and acquired resistance to RAF inhibitors.
Authors: Kevin J. Basile, Ethan V. Abel, Neda Dadpey, Andrew E. Aplin
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Patients with V600 mutant BRAF positive metastatic melanoma are now treated with the RAF inhibitor, vemurafenib (Zelboraf), as a first line therapy. Although most patients treated with vemurafenib have tumor shrinkage, other patients exhibit disease progression. Furthermore, most patients who initially respond to the drug eventually develop acquired resistance to vemurafenib. Disease progression while on vemurafenib frequently correlates with ERK1/2 pathway reactivation but previous studies have been unable to precisely monitor the temporal changes in ERK1/2 activity. Here, we establish a cell-based ERK1/2 reporter system that provides quantitative analysis of RAF inhibitor action in mutant BRAF melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. This system was utilized to show that the RAF inhibitor, PLX4720, effectively targets the ERK1/2 pathway in vivo and that ERK1/2 reactivation is associated with tumor re-growth. Levels of ERK1/2 reactivation varied substantially between tumors and were associated with several different molecular changes. These data present a new system from monitoring in vivo efficacy of ERK1/2 pathway inhibitors and identifying mechanisms of in vivo acquired resistance. Citation Format: Kevin J. Basile, Ethan V. Abel, Neda Dadpey, Andrew E. Aplin. In vivo ERK1/2 reporting demonstrates the association and timing of ERK1/2 pathway reactivation and acquired resistance to RAF inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3928. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3928
Pseudolymphoma Syndrome: Findings on a Gallium-67 Citrate Scan
Authors: Girolamo Moschilla, Nat P Lenzo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

A 75-year-old man presented with a history of fever and night sweats. One month earlier, he had been diagnosed with viral encephalitis and seizures and had been started on phenytoin. On examination, he was febrile with no other focal signs. Blood investigations revealed a raised white cell count (WCC) with eosinophilia, raised C-reactive protein (CRP), and mildly deranged liver function tests (LFTs). A gallium scan was performed and showed areas of increased uptake in the lungs in both hilar regions and the cervical region. On withdrawal of phenytoin, fevers and night sweats settled. CRP, WCC, and LFTs normalized and a clinically palpable left supraclavicular node resolved. A diagnosis of phenytoin-induced hypersensitivity reaction (“pseudolymphoma syndrome”) was made.
A Follow-up Study of 238 Leucotomized Patients
Authors: H. Gillies, B. Hickson, W. Mayer-Gross
Journal: BMJ (1952)

SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHE;MATOSUS BRJRN 527 Fio. 3.-Peripheral nerve.Artery with gross intimal thicken- ing and thinning of muscularis over it.New elastic-tissue formation.Hart-Sheridan method for elastic. (x420.)of the former diagnosis, as was the female sex of the patient.On the other hand, the peripheral neuritis which gave rise to the presenting symptoms suggested polyarteritis nodosa, particularly when no previous account of this lesion in systemic lupus erythematosus could be found.That this was a case of systemic lupus erythematosus could not be doubted after the post-mortem examination, although there is no satisfactory explanation for the repeatedly positive blood cultures.The diagnosis of peripheral neuritis is established by the combination of a lower motor-neurone lesion, paraesthesiae, and sensory loss in all four limbs, together with bilateral calf tenderness.From the histological evidence already given, it is postulated that the neuritis was of a similar nature to that described in polyarteritis nodosa by Wohlwill (1923), due to ischaemic changes in the nerves produced by an obliterative arteritis of the arteria nervorum.In view of the now generally accepted belief that systemic lupus erythematosus is a widespread disease of collagen it is not surprising to find these vessels involved.Indeed, rather is it to be wondered why polyneuritis is not a more frequent manifestation of this disease process.Summary A case of systemic kupus erythematosus in a woman aged 34 isdescribed in which the presenting picture was one of peripheral neuritis.It is considered that the peripheral neuritis was due to ischaemia consequent on vascular lesions mn the vessels supplying the nerves.We wish to record our indebtedness to Dr. J. W. Litchfield and Dr. P. H. Sandifer, the physicians in attendance on the patient, for their permission to report this case and for the interest they have shown in this paper; to Dr. J. F.
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitisin the intensive care unit:clinical features and outcome of 20 adults
Authors: Romain Sonneville, Sophie Demeret, Isabelle Klein, Lila Bouadma, Bruno Mourvillier, Juliette Audibert, Stéphane Legriel, Francis Bolgert, Bernard Regnier, Michel Wolff
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2007)
Varicella-Zoster Virus Spread
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Recurrent Meningococcal Meningitis
Authors: Louis Weinstein, Edith D. Stanley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

THE incidence of relapse in the course of meningococcal meningitis before the use of the sulfonamides in its treatment was about 50 per cent. Since the universal adoption of this group of drugs as the therapeutic measure of choice, the relapse rate has dropped to only 8 per cent.1 True recurrence of this disease, on the other hand, is a rare phenomenon.For the purpose of discussion, it is important to differentiate a relapse from a true recurrence. The former is defined in Gould's Medical Dictionary2 as "a return of an attack of a disease shortly after the beginning of . . .
Sexual Science: The Victorian Construction of Womanhood
Authors: Sarah J. Stage
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In<i>Sexual Science</i>, Cynthia Russett writes a scholarly yet delightfully readable history of what passed for the science of sexuality in the 19th century. That sexual difference was paramount struck the Victorians as patently obvious. Yet, Russett asks, on what evidence did Victorian men of science base the conclusion that women were not only different from but inherently inferior to men? Russett's book shows that although doctors have been much castigated for the zeal with which they proclaimed female weakness, they were hardly alone in their enthusiastic embrace of sexual science. Anthropologists, biologists, psychologists, and sociologists all played a crucial role. Russett looks carefully at five areas from which sexual scientists drew their conclusions. From physical anthropology came the somatic bias, which led to a mania for measurement. Women's smaller crania and lighter brain mass scientists took as empirical evidence of female mental inferiority. Nascent biology contributed biogenetic law, the
Relationship between the coagulation abnormality score (CAS) and the intraoperative blood products usage in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT)
Authors: J. Moreno, F. Acosta, J.S. Ortega, A.R. Ribó, A. Olivares, R.F. Contraras, P. Parrilla, F. Buano, P. Ramires, A. Albarracin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1991)
Self Portrait with Dr Arrieta
Authors: J. Curran
Journal: BMJ (2008)

For much of his working life the Spanish painter Francisco de Goya was not fond of the medical profession. In the “Caprichos,” a series of prints painted a few years after a prolonged and debilitating illness that left Goya deaf, a doctor is portrayed as an ass, sitting with a vacant expression at the bedside of a moribund patient, while in the background two dark figures stand menacingly over the bed. The print is cynically titled What Illness Will He Die From? 

By contrast, however, is the double portrait that Goya produced many years later of himself …
”Transmural air leak”: a computed tomographic finding following endoscopic submucosal dissection of gastric tumors
Authors: F. Onogi, H. Araki, T. Ibuka, Y. Manabe, K. Yamazaki, S. Nishiwaki, H. Moriwaki
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

A small amount of free air, visible on CT but not on plain chest radiography, which appeared following endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of a gastric neoplasm without endoscopically visible perforation, was defined as a "transmural air leak", and a prospective, consecutive entry study was performed to determine its incidence and clinical significance.Between January 2006 and September 2008, ESD was performed for 246 gastric lesions in 246 consecutive patients. Abdominal CT scan was performed 1 day after ESD. In addition, chest radiography and blood biochemistry tests were performed at different time points before and after ESD.Two hundred and nineteen lesions (89 %) were curatively removed by ESD. Among the total of 246 patients, we encountered endoscopically visible perforation during ESD in 2 patients (0.8 %), and clinically suspected perforation diagnosed by the presence of free air on chest radiography but invisible during ESD in 3 patients (1 %), while transmural air leak was observed in another 33 (13 %). Air leak occurred in cases where resection size was larger, procedure time longer, and the muscularis propria on the ulcer base was exposed at the end of ESD. Patients with air leaks developed pyrexia at a higher rate than those without (36 % vs. 16 %, P = 0.018). These patients recovered with antibiotics and required no endoscopic or surgical intervention. The presence of an air leak did not affect the duration of hospital stay.A transmural air leak was observed in 13 % of the patients undergoing ESD. Larger resection size, prolonged procedure time, and exposure of the muscularis propria on the ulcer base were risk factors for transmural air leak, but the outcome of patients with this complication was good.
Nobel; the man and his prizes.
Authors: John H. Raach
Journal: JAMA (1963)

It has been less than a century since Alfred Barnhard Nobel invented dynamite and revealed his genius in a materialistic sense. It has been 61 years since the Foundation he established in his will began giving the five prizes which have become so coveted and so much a symbol of eminence and achievement. The prizes awarded for literature, physiology or medicine, chemistry, physics, and peace have not all been awarded each year since they were originated. The prizes for peace and physiology or medicine have been awarded only 45 and 52 times, respectively, in the past 60 years. In 1950, the first edition of this work appeared. The various sections of the book were written by men prominent in the Nobel Foundation and recounted the manner in which the prize winners were selected. The present edition adds the winners of the 1950-1961 period to the imposing list previously compiled. The
Subcorneal accumulation of Langerhans cells in erythema gyratum repens
Authors: R.A. WAKEEL, A.D. ORMEROD, H.F. SEWELL, MARION I. WHITE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Erythema gyratum repens (EGR) is a cutaneous manifestation of malignant disease. We report an unusual accumulation of activated epidermal Langerhans cells in the upper layer of the epidermis and propose that these cells play an important immunopathological role.
What's behind the smile?
Authors: John J. Ohala
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract Many species' non-threat facial expression involves an open mouth and retracted lip corners – the smile. This served to make an accompanying vocalization sound like it originated from a smaller vocalizer. That such signals are deceptive and benefit primarily the signaler undermines the notion that the perception of the smile employs embodied simulation of the smiler's state.