tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HEALTH OF AMERICAN INDIANS
Authors: Haven Emerson
Journal: JAMA (1927)

To the Editor:  —May I suggest that your current comment on this subject, January 8, is misleading, and perhaps fraught with injury to the several hundred thousand American Indians?  Improvements in the Indian medical service there have been; the good faith with which they have been attempted, and the definiteness of the results, episodic and inadequate as they are, calls for fullest recognition. What calls for correction is the tendency of the Indian Commissioner's report to create an impression that existing administrative initiative is sufficing to deal with a serious and tragic condition.  What are the facts, as revealed by the federal census? I have the mortality tables before me, showing the deaths per thousand of Indians within the registration area. These tables shown an increase of 48 per cent in the mortality rate among the Indians in the four years ending 1924, the last year for which complete data
Acute Herpes Zoster: Sympathetic Nerve Block Unsupported by Prospective Trial-Reply
Authors: Stephen E. Straus
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In Reply.  —My experience with postzoster neuralgia and the vast literature concerning it lead me to be largely unimpressed by therapeutic claims that are not supported by prospectively acquired data, preferably in controlled trials. Dr McGuinness argues that the simplicity of sympathetic nerve blocks and uncontrolled published experience by Bonica and Buckley should be sufficient to justify its widespead use, although authorities in pain treatment are more circumspect about that experience.
Nonmyocardial Production of ST2 Protein in Human Hypertrophy and Failure Is Related to Diastolic Load
Authors: Jozef Bartunek, Leen Delrue, Frederik Van Durme, Olivier Muller, Filip Casselman, Bart De Wiest, Romaric Croes, Sofie Verstreken, Marc Goethals, Herbert de Raedt, Jaydeep Sarma, Lija Joseph, Marc Vanderheyden, Ellen O. Weinberg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Mechanisms of hypochlorite injury of target cells.
Authors: I U Schraufstätter, K Browne, A Harris, P A Hyslop, J H Jackson, O Quehenberger, C G Cochrane
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

HOCl, which is produced by the action of myeloperoxidase during the respiratory burst of stimulated neutrophils, was used as a cytotoxic reagent in P388D1 cells. Low concentrations of HOCl (10-20 microM) caused oxidation of plasma membrane sulfhydryls determined as decreased binding of iodoacetylated phycoerythrin. These same low concentrations of HOCl caused disturbance of various plasma membrane functions: they inactivated glucose and aminoisobutyric acid uptake, caused loss of cellular K+, and an increase in cell volume. It is likely that these changes were the consequence of plasma membrane SH-oxidation, since similar effects were observed with para-chloromercuriphenylsulfonate (pCMBS), a sulfhydryl reagent acting at the cell surface. Given in combination pCMBS and HOCl showed an additive effect. Higher doses of HOCl (greater than 50 microM) led to general oxidation of -SH, methionine and tryptophan residues, and formation of protein carbonyls. HOCl-induced loss of ATP and undegraded NAD was closely followed by cell lysis. In contrast, NAD degradation and ATP depletion caused by H2O2 preceded cell death by several hours. Formation of DNA strand breaks, a major factor of H2O2-induced injury, was not observed with HOCl. Thus targets of HOCl were distinct from those of H2O2 with the exception of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, which was inactivated by both oxidants.
FRI0049 Case-Severity, Case-Fatality and Secondary Preventive Pharmacotherapy after Acute Coronary Events in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: A. Mantel, M. Holmqvist, T. Jernberg, S. Wallberg-Jonsson, J. Askling
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Data indicate that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with a poorer short- and long term outcome, in terms of case-fatality, after acute coronary events (ACS), and that this might be due to suboptimal institution of secondary preventive drugs. <h3>Objectives</h3> To assess whether case-fatality after ACS differs in prevalent RA-patients compared to the general population, and to investigate whether any difference could be linked to a variation in initiation and/or adherence to standard of care cardioprotective secondary preventive drugs (Aspirin, P2Y12-inhibitors, RAS-blockers, β-blockers and statins). <h3>Methods</h3> Using the Swedish nationwide patient registry, a cohort of 31890 individuals with prevalent RA 2008 was identified. This RA-cohort and 163045 general population comparators matched on sex, year of birth, area of residency and educational level were followed through 2008 to identify all cases hospitalized with an incident ACS. After the ACS, information on all-cause, cause-specific mortality and dispensed drugs of interest was collected during a follow-up of 390 days. Cox regression models, adjusted for potential imbalances in demographics and preexisting comorbidities/pharmacotherapies as a propensity score, were used to analyze mortality. <h3>Results</h3> 261 (0.8%) of the RA-patients and 729 (0.4%) of the general population comparators suffered an ACS during 2009. Of the individuals with an ACS, a higher proportion of RA-patients was diagnosed with a transmural myocardial infarction (25% vs. 20%) and was hospitalized for more than 5 days (30% vs. 25%). A higher proportion of RA-patients compared to comparators received primary reperfusion therapy (42% vs. 28%), whereof 34% (vs. 25%) received PCI and 6% (vs 1%) received CABG. The case-fatality was more than twice as high among the RA-patients compared to the comparators during the month following the event. 11% (vs. 4%) died within the first week, and 15% (vs. 7%) during the first 30 days. During the entire follow-up of 390 days, 27% of the RA-cases (vs. 15%) died. This corresponded to adjusted hazard ratios between 2.7-2.0 (Figure). There was no significant difference in initiation and/or adherence to any of the studied secondary preventive drugs. 74% of both RA-patients and comparators initiated a combination of at least 3 drugs. 50% of RA-patients (vs 55%) adhered to at least 3 drugs at 1 year after the event (p=0.26). <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this study of acute coronary syndrome in patients with prevalent RA, the acute coronary events were on average somewhat more serious, the case fatality was higher, but the initiation and adherence to secondary preventive drugs were similar compared to general population. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.5727
RIP Kinase-Dependent Necrosis Drives Lethal Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
Authors: Linde Duprez, Nozomi Takahashi, Filip Van Hauwermeiren, Benjamin Vandendriessche, Vera Goossens, Tom Vanden Berghe, Wim Declercq, Claude Libert, Anje Cauwels, Peter Vandenabeele
Journal: Immunity (2011)
Tobacco industry lobbyists and their health-care clients
Authors: Nicholas S Hopkinson, John Moxham, Hugh Montgomery, Robert West, Gabriel Scally, Martin McKee, Stephen Spiro, Andrew Bush, John Stradling, Athol Wells, Kian Fan Chung, Stephen R Durham, Finbarr C Martin, Jo Congleton, Elin Roddy, Mark Dayer, Patrick White, Philip W Ind, Joanna L Brown, Irem Patel, Keir Lewis, Nicholas Hart, Samuel Kemp, Jack Barker, Matthew Hind, David Nicholl, Myra Stern, Sarah Elkin
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
At last, a public health minister
Authors: N. Olsen
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The appointment of Britain's first minister of public health, Tessa Jowell, is a sign that the new Labour administration recognises that the health of the population depends on more than the provision of good healthcare services. Health also depends on the physical, social, and economic environment in which people live. To improve public health the new minister will need to generate a culture of concern for human health throughout government policy. To facilitate this a new public health act should be introduced as soon as possible, and, pending that, changes should be implemented that do not need legislation.

The forthcoming British presidency of the intergovernmental conference of the European Union should focus its efforts on revising clause 129 of the Maastricht agreement (which deals with public health issues). This would make health impact assessment (which includes both environmental and social assessment) a dominant feature of the development of European policy, providing an evidence based counterbalance to market forces and the common agricultural policy. Given political commitment and improved methodology, health impact assessment could catalyse the next leap in the population's health in the early years of the new millennium.

The Beveridge report, the foundation stone of the NHS, emphasised the role of government in prevention.1 Unfortunately, the NHS's first half century saw little effective preventive action by …
Facial expression of pain – more than a fuzzy expression of distress?
Authors: Christiane Hermann, Herta Flor
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Facial expressions of pain may be best conceptualized as an example of an evolved propensity to communicate distress, rather than as a distinct category of facial expression. The operant model goes beyond the evolutionary account, as it can explain how the (facial) expression of pain can become maladaptive as a result of its capability to elicit attention and caring behavior in the observer.
Prevalence and Prognostic Significance of Heart Failure Stages
Authors: Khawaja Afzal Ammar, Steven J. Jacobsen, Douglas W. Mahoney, Jan A. Kors, Margaret M. Redfield, John C. Burnett, Richard J. Rodeheffer
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive disorder associated with frequent morbidity and mortality. An American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology staging classification of HF has been developed to emphasize early detection and prevention. The prevalence of HF stages and their association with mortality are unknown. We sought to estimate HF stage prevalence in the community and to measure the association of HF stages with mortality.A population-based, cross-sectional, random sample of 2029 Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents aged > or = 45 years was identified. Participants were classified by medical record review, symptom questionnaire, physical examination, and echocardiogram as follows: stage 0, healthy; stage A, HF risk factors; stage B, asymptomatic cardiac structural or functional abnormalities; stage C, HF symptoms; and stage D, severe HF. In the cohort, 32% were stage 0, 22% stage A, 34% stage B, 12% stage C, and 0.2% stage D. Mean B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations (in pg/mL) increased by stages: stage 0=26, stage A=32, stage B=53, stage C=137, and stage D=353. Survival at 5 years was 99% in stage 0, 97% in stage A, 96% in stage B, 75% in stage C, and 20% in stage D.The present study provides prevalence estimates and prognostic validation for HF staging in a community cohort. Of note, 56% of adults > or = 45 years of age were classified as being in stage A (risk factors) or B (asymptomatic ventricular dysfunction). HF staging underscores the magnitude of the population at risk for progression to overt HF.
A CLINICAL LECTURE ON THE MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF POTT'S DISEASE.
Authors: CHARLES F. STILLMAN
Journal: JAMA (1885)

The first case we will consider to-day is this boy of nine years, who has had spondylitis for two years, and whose mother died of phthisis soon after his birth. There is no history of traumatism so far as it can be elicited, and his step-mother states that her attention was first drawn to his condition by his complaints plaints of pain. He described this pain as passing from his back around the right hip to the front of the abdomen, and that the pain was not constant, but was felt more in the afternoon, after exercise. She also noticed that he afterwards began to carry himself stiffly, and carefully avoided bending the spine, resting often in a stooping posture, with his hands upon his knees, thus transferring the weight of the head and upper extremities to the legs directly. She also noticed, about this time, a protrusion, or "knuckle,"
Cavitation and Repair of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: A. N. SINCLAIR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1930)

Article1 April 1930Cavitation and Repair of Pulmonary TuberculosisA. N. SINCLAIR, M.B., C.M., F.A.C.P.A. N. SINCLAIR, M.B., C.M., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-3-10-1038 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptUntil recent years the occurrence of cavity in the course of pulmonary tuberculosis was accepted as heralding the doom of the patient.The study of serial radiographs, however, disclosing annular shadows that contracted and even disappeared awakened the observers to the possibility of cavities becoming not only healed but even obliterated with little or no evidence of their past occurrence.This was not accepted at first, such annular shadows being classified as pleural shadows; but the evidence produced by many observers has established the conviction that cavities can heal with or without leaving evidence of their past occurrence.The question...4 BAUMMEBELKANE , Amer. Rev. Tuberc., 1928, XVIII, 596. Google Scholar2 PINNER M: Amer. Rev. Tuberc., 1928, XVII, 601. Google Scholar3 WILLIS HS: Amer. Rev. Tuberc, 1928, XVII, 240. Google Scholar4 PARKWILLIAMS> , Pathogenic Microorganisms, 1924. 437. Google Scholar5 POTTENGER FM: Amer. Rev. Tuberc., 1928, XVIII, 580. Google Scholar6 SINCLAIR AN: Annals of Clinical Medicine, 1924, I. 240. Google Scholar7 RAPPAPORT I: Amer. Rev. Tuberc., 1928, XVIII, 590. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: A. N. SINCLAIR, M.B., C.M., F.A.C.P. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1930Volume 3, Issue 10Page: 1038-1045 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1930 PDF downloadLoading ...
Limited Long-Term Durability of the Cryolife O’Brien Stentless Porcine Xenograft Valve
Authors: Daisy Pavoni, Luigi P. Badano, Fabio Ius, Enzo Mazzaro, Romeo Frassani, Sandro Gelsomino, Ugolino Livi
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Despite the fact that early and midterm hemodynamic and clinical results of the Cryolife O'Brien (CLOB) stentless valve have been reported to be favorable, the long-term durability and clinical results of this valve are largely unknown. Accordingly, we analyzed 10-year outcomes after aortic valve replacement with this valve.From January 1994 to September 2004, 185 patients (67, 73, and 75 years, 25th, 50th, and 75th quartiles, respectively; 38% older than 75 years; 56% females) underwent aortic valve replacement with the CLOB valve. Sixty-eight percent of patients were in NYHA class 3 to 4. Standard EuroSCORE was 7.1+/-2.7. Pure aortic stenosis accounted for 42% (n=79), and pure insufficiency for 12% of cases (n=22). Concomitant surgery: 28% coronary artery bypass (n=51), 11% mitral valve replacement/annuloplasty (n=21), and 2% ascending aorta replacement (n=3). Sixty-one percent of patients received a 23-mm valve or smaller size. Follow-up was 100% completed, and cumulative follow-up was 65 months/patient. The 30-day mortality was 5.4% (none were valve related). Actuarial survival at 5 and 10 years were 68% and 40%, respectively. Actuarial freedom from structural valve deterioration was 91% at 5 years and dropped to 44% at 10 years. Actuarial freedom from reoperation was 94% at 5 years and declined to 57% at 10 years.In a population with a high prevalence of elderly females with small aortic root, the CLOB valve demonstrated satisfactory clinical results till 8-years. Afterward, a significant increase in hazard for structural valve deterioration and reoperation occurred in late follow-up.
Prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and dementia in two communities: Nigerian Africans and African Americans
Authors: H C Hendrie, B O Osuntokun, K S Hall, A O Ogunniyi, S L Hui, F W Unverzagt, O Gureje, C A Rodenberg, O Baiyewu, B S Musick
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1995)

This article reports on a prevalence study of dementia and Alzheimer's disease among two groups of subjects with the same ethnic background but widely differing environments.The study was conducted among residents aged 65 years and older in two communities: Yorubas (N = 2,494) living in Ibadan, Nigeria, and African Americans (N = 2,212 in the community and N = 106 in nursing homes) living in Indianapolis, Indiana. The study design consisted of a screening stage followed by a clinical assessment stage for selected subjects on the basis of their performance on the screening tests.The age-adjusted prevalence rates of dementia (2.29%) and Alzheimer's disease (1.41%) in the Ibadan sample were significantly lower than those in the Indianapolis sample, both in the community-dwelling subjects alone (4.82% and 3.69%, respectively) and in the combined nursing home and community samples (8.24% and 6.24%, respectively). The prevalence rates of dementia and Alzheimer's disease increased consistently with advancing age in both study groups.To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study, using the same research method at the two sites, to report significant differences in rates of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in two different communities with similar ethnic origins.
Arterial Steal Phenomena
Authors: John H. Isch
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Our report on the reversal of blood flow in the left carotid artery in this month's issue of theArchives of Surgery(110:399-401, 1975) is the latest description of a wide variety of physiologic steal phenomena due to obstructive lesions in major thoracic-cervical arterial branches. Although the clinical case of "subclavian steal" was recognized and described by Contorni<sup>1</sup>only in 1960, it is now well known that this and additional steal phenomena in other parts of the body are not rare. Obstruction in any of the major thoracic aortic arch stems or their branches may result in a clinical steal syndrome. This phenomenon may occur in any situation in which a hemodynamically significant obstructive lesion is present in a proximal segment of a vessel, resulting in decreased pressure and flow in its distal patent segment. Perfusion of the distal patent segment is then maintained by siphoning off, in a
What Is Internal Medicine?
Authors: L.A. Healey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 September 1993What Is Internal Medicine?L.A. Healey, MDL.A. Healey, MDFrom The Mason Clinic, Seattle, WA 98111.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-6-199309150-00043 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:It is not often one encounters a script for a television drama in a medical journal [1]; yet there it was, an episode of Northeastern Exposure. The hero shows a nervous cardiologist how to remove a hook from the eyelid of an angler and also inserts a permanent pacemaker, all the while spouting philosophic wisdom.Dr. LaCombe neglected to tell us how he declined payment for his services but felt fully repaid by a shy smile of gratitude and a mess of shining trout.REFERENCE1. LaCombe M. What is internal medicine? Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118: 384-7. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From The Mason Clinic, Seattle, WA 98111. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 September 1993Volume 119, Issue 6Page: 542KeywordsGratitudePacemakers Issue Published: 15 September 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Unjustified Restrictions on Letters to the Editor
Authors: Douglas G Altman
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

I previously criticised the effective "statute of limitations" in several leading general medical journals "whereby authors of papers are immune to disclosure of methodological weaknesses once some arbitrary (short) period has elapsed" [2].Such a time limit discourages post-publication peer review, with potential correspondents deterred by the short and unambiguous deadline.I suggested that journals with such a policy should reconsider.The word limit on that article precluded additional adverse comments on journals' word limits for letters, although they were presented in Table 2 of that article [2].Subsequently, three of the six journals did revise their instructions [3-5], but each imposed tougher restrictions on letters, reducing either the maximum time limit, the maximum length, or both.The strictest current requirements are a two-week limit by The Lancet and a 175-word limit by the New England Journal of Medicine.Editors are seemingly falling over themselves to speed up and shorten letters, but this behaviour is inappropriate for a scientifi c journal.The key characteristic of science is not its infallibility, a quality it clearly does not and cannot have, but its self-correcting ability.The decision by medical editors to stifl e debate is misguided [2,6].A time limit, especially a very short one, signals that speed is more important than content, that convenience takes precedence over science.While it is reasonable to encourage early comments, there should be no time limit on comments aimed at clarifying or criticising study methodology.Likewise, it will often be impossible to explain the subtleties of methodological problems in 400 words, and impossible in only 175.Additional restrictions on the number of authors and references are also questionable.I am disappointed that PLoS Medicine has imposed a time limit of four weeks on correspondence.As explained above, I believe that such a limit is mistaken.
Nature of the Sweating Deficit of Prematurely Born Neonates
Authors: Hans Behrendt, Marvin Green
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

Thirty of 131 healthy full-size and two of 108 healthy low-birth-weight newborn infants demonstrated spontaneous generalized sweating under standardized conditions. In contrast eight of 20 low-birth-weight infants of heroin-addicted mothers had spontaneous generalized sweating. In addition, the pharmacologic threshold for sweating was decreased in the low-birth-weight infants of addicted mothers as compared to the healthy low-birth-weight controls. This paradox may be the result of predominantly central neurogenic stimulation of sweat glands induced by heroin withdrawal.
Dose-related effects of isoprenaline on the distribution of cardiac output and myocardial blood flow in conscious monkeys
Authors: B. I. HOFFBRAND, R. P. FORSYTH, K. L. MELMON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1973)

Intravenous isoprenaline infusions in conscious monkeys gave dose-related increased blood flow and falls in resistance to heart, skeletal muscle, intestines, adipose tissue, and bone. The fraction of cardiac output to brain, kidney, skin, and pancreas fell. There was a small but statistically significant increase in the fraction of myocardial blood flow to the atria with a fall in that to the intraventricular septum.
Milk, p-Aminobenzoate, and Malaria of Rats and Monkeys
Authors: F. Hawking
Journal: BMJ (1954)

duration of their illness, and the duration of treatment.It is concluded that other factors may determine a patient's response to withdrawal of maintenance therapy with these drugs.We wish to thank Professor E. J. Wayne for the opportunities of studying the cases under his care and the physicians of Sheffield Royal Infirmary for their valuable co-operation.We also wish to thank Dr. A. G. MacGregor for his help and for supplying data on the follow-up of some