tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia with translocation t(1;22)(p13;q13) in a 10‐week‐old infant
Authors: Setsuko Washio, Masaru Ido, Eiich Azuma, Masako Fukui, Takeo Shibata, Shao‐Li Zhang, Yoshihiro Komada, Masahiro Ito, Tadashi Koike, Yasuhiko Kaneko, Minoru Sakurai
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

Abstract A 10‐week‐old girl without Down syndrome developed an acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL). Bone marrow aspirates and biopsy showed megakaryoblastic infiltration with myelofibrosis. The diagnosis was made based on the findings that the positive reactions of leukemic cells to platelet peroxidase and to monoclonal antibodies which recognize platelet‐specific surface glycoprotein (GP) Ilb/IIIa and GP78. The blasts also showed myeloid and monocytoid differentiation antigens. The leukemic cells had a karyotype of 46,XX,t(1;22)(p13;q13). Our case and two other infantile cases reported by other investigators establish the novel association of the t(1;22) with AMKL.
A retinotopic representation of filling in: Further supporting evidence
Authors: Ikuya Murakami
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

A few findings from our laboratory are provided as evidence favoring “isomrphism” in filling-in. One is the responsivity of macaque-cortical area V1 cells to a stimulus designed for surface filling-in at the blind spot. Another is a phenomenological observation of motion aftereffect confined within a filled-in surface at the blind spot. Our recent study on the monkey's perception of surface filling-in at a scotoma is also mentioned.
THE EFFECT OF CORTICOSTERONE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS ON THE RENAL EXCRETION OF ELECTROLYTES
Authors: George W. Thorn, Lewis L. Engel, Harry Eisenberg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

The sodium and chloride retaining effect of suprarenal cortical extracts and of crystalline compounds derived from the suprarenal cortex parallels their effectiveness in maintaining suprarenalectomized dogs. All of the active compounds thus far studied produce a potassium diuresis when injected into normal dogs. The injection of a synthetic compound, desoxy-corticosterone acetate, produced in normal dogs a very marked sodium and chloride retention and a potassium diuresis. In a suprarenalectomized dog desoxy-corticosterone acetate was substituted successfully for suprarenal cortical extract.
Mycophenolate mofetil for severe childhood atopic dermatitis: experience in 14 patients
Authors: M. Heller, H.T. Shin, S.J. Orlow, J.V. Schaffer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Background Reports of successful treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) have thus far been limited to adults. Considering that the condition typically develops during childhood and is most active during this period, MMF would represent a valuable addition to the therapeutic armamentarium for paediatric AD. Objectives To evaluate the safety and efficacy of MMF in the treatment of severe childhood AD. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed of all children treated with MMF as systemic monotherapy for severe, recalcitrant AD between August 2003 and August 2006 at New York University Medical Center. Fourteen patients meeting these criteria were identified. Results Four patients (29%) achieved complete clearance, four (29%) had > 90% improvement (almost complete), five (35%) had 60–90% improvement and one (7%) failed to respond. Initial responses occurred within 8 weeks (mean 4 weeks), and maximal effects were attained after 8–12 weeks (mean 9 weeks) at MMF doses of 40–50 mg kg−1 daily in younger children and 30–40 mg kg−1 daily in adolescents. The medication was well tolerated in all patients, with no infectious complications or development of leucopenia, anaemia, thrombocytopenia or elevated aminotransferases. Conclusions This retrospective case series demonstrates that MMF can be a safe and effective treatment for severe, refractory AD in children. MMF represents a promising therapeutic alternative to traditional systemic immunosuppressive agents with less favourable side-effect profiles, and prospective controlled studies are warranted, further to assess its benefits in paediatric AD.
United States Adopted Names (USAN). Cumulative List No. 1, 1961-1962.
Authors: Joseph B. Jerome
Journal: JAMA (1963)

This booklet is a convenient, attractive, and authoritative presentation of nomenclature information for formally adopted nonproprietary names for drugs. The information is essentially limited to names adopted by the AMA-USP Nomenclature Committee since June 15, 1961 and subsequently published in the New Names columns ofThe Journal. Cross-indices are provided. The booklet also contains a statement of the "Guiding Principles for Coining U. S. Adopted Names for Drugs," recommended to all concerned with either the coining or the utilization of nonproprietary names for drugs. Authoritative information of this nature has not been convenient to locate. The<i>American Drug Index</i>( Wilson and Jones) in recent editions provides the most complete indications, but is understandably lacking in depth of information provided. The present publication (the first of a series) provides most of the nomenclature information, which is frequently of interest, for the compounds listed. It is concerned with the newer drugs and
All that glisters is not gold
Authors: T. E Love
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The “gold standard” is a pervasive metaphor in health research. Whether it is an argument about establishing a standard for quality of care or a debate about the relative merits of diagnostic investigations, the term is universally used to describe the best care, the best test, or the most certain medical knowledge. A Medline search on the phrase produces 7891 results.

But is it a good metaphor? The gold standard refers to …
ACIDOSIS IN HYPERTHYROIDISM
Authors: RALPH H. MAJOR
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Although the presence of acidosis as a complication of hyperthyroidism, particularly after operation, is mentioned in the literature of thyroid disease, such references have as a rule been very brief and cursory. This complication is referred to by Crile,<sup>1</sup>by Crotti<sup>2</sup>and by Chesky,<sup>3</sup>both of the latter observers describing the acetone breath which is noted at times in patients after operation. However, many of the most recent articles and textbooks fail to mention the occurrence or the treatment of this complication. A recent experience with cases of acidosis in thyroid disease suggests the desirability of studying more fully such an important complication. A summary of two of these cases is given: <h3>REPORT OF CASES</h3><h3>Case 1.</h3> —A married woman, aged 37, white, entered the Bell Memorial Hospital, University of Kansas, May 11, 1922, complaining of weakness, nervousness and fluttering of the heart. The duration of the
Intussusception of the Small Bowel
Authors: Lawrence E Harrison, Steve H Kim
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A 37-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a two-day history of crampy abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. On physical examination, his temperature was 37.2°C, and his pulse was 110 beats per minute. The examination revealed a markedly distended abdomen, with moderate tenderness but without guarding or rebound. The patient's white-cell count was 11,300 per cubic millimeter, with 28 percent band forms. Plain-film radiography of the abdomen revealed a partial obstruction of the small bowel. Computed tomographic scanning of the abdomen showed a classic bull's-eye sign, suggesting intussusception of the small bowel (Panel A, arrow). The radiologic diagnosis was . . .
Quartz-Seq: a highly reproducible and sensitive single-cell RNA sequencing method, reveals non-genetic gene-expression heterogeneity
Authors: Yohei Sasagawa, Itoshi Nikaido, Tetsutaro Hayashi, Hiroki Danno, Kenichiro D Uno, Takeshi Imai, Hiroki R Ueda
Journal: Genome biology (2013)

Abstract Development of a highly reproducible and sensitive single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) method would facilitate the understanding of the biological roles and underlying mechanisms of non-genetic cellular heterogeneity. In this study, we report a novel single-cell RNA-seq method called Quartz-Seq that has a simpler protocol and higher reproducibility and sensitivity than existing methods. We show that single-cell Quartz-Seq can quantitatively detect various kinds of non-genetic cellular heterogeneity, and can detect different cell types and different cell-cycle phases of a single cell type. Moreover, this method can comprehensively reveal gene-expression heterogeneity between single cells of the same cell type in the same cell-cycle phase.
Myocardial damage after head trauma and simulated intracranial haemorrhage in mice: The role of the autonomic nervous system
Authors: W. E. Hawkins, B. R. Clower
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1971)

In normal untreated mice experimental intracranial haemorrhage produced myocardial damage. Adrenalectomy and pretreatments with atropine and reserpine reduced the incidence of myocardial damage after intracranial haemorrhage.
Ureteral Obstruction Complicating the IUD
Authors: R. Mark Kirk
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  Since its introduction ten years ago, the plastic intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) has been associated with complications including bleeding, infection, perforation, bowel obstruction, peritonitis, and pregnancy. We know of no reported injury to the urinary tract, and present a case of ureteral obstruction secondary to parametritis resulting from long-term use of an IUD.  Report of a Case.—  A 35-year-old gravida 5 para 4 suffered pain in the right flank of one month's duration. An excretory urogram revealed nonfunction of the right kidney. At the University of Missouri Medical Center, laboratory results included: hemoglobin, 12 gm/100 ml; white blood cell count, 12,000/cu mm; blood urea nitrogen, 12 mg/100 ml; and creatinine, 1.0 mg/100 ml. An intravenous pyelogram showed markedly delayed function on the right associated with hydronephrosis (Fig 1), and a retrograde pyelogram demonstrated stenosis of the right ureter (Fig 2). On pelvic examination, a woody induration of
Thymosin-α1, but not interferon-α, specifically inhibits anchorage-independent growth of hepatitis B viral transfected HepG2 cells
Authors: Jeffrey A. Moshier, Milton G. Mutchnick, Julie Dosescu, Todd K. Holtz, Sami Akkary, Kavita Mahakala, Joseph R. Merline, Paul H. Naylor
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1996)
Blockade of TGF-β Signaling by the TGFβR-I Kinase Inhibitor LY2109761 Enhances Radiation Response and Prolongs Survival in Glioblastoma
Authors: Mengxian Zhang, Susanne Kleber, Manuel Röhrich, Carmen Timke, Na Han, Jochen Tuettenberg, Ana Martin-Villalba, Juergen Debus, Peter Peschke, Ute Wirkner, Michael Lahn, Peter E. Huber
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive primary brain tumor that tends to be resistant to the ionizing radiotherapy used to treat it. Because TGF-β is a modifier of radiation responses, we conducted a preclinical study of the antitumor effects of the TGF-β receptor (TGFβR) I kinase inhibitor LY2109761 in combination with radiotherapy. LY2109761 reduced clonogenicity and increased radiosensitivity in GBM cell lines and cancer stem-like cells, augmenting the tumor growth delay produced by fractionated radiotherapy in a supra-additive manner in vivo. In an orthotopic intracranial model, LY2109761 significantly reduced tumor growth, prolonged survival, and extended the prolongation of survival induced by radiation treatment. Histologic analyses showed that LY2109761 inhibited tumor invasion promoted by radiation, reduced tumor microvessel density, and attenuated mesenchymal transition. Microarray-based gene expression analysis revealed signaling effects of the combinatorial treatments that supported an interpretation of their basis. Together, these results show that a selective inhibitor of the TGFβR-I kinase can potentiate radiation responses in glioblastoma by coordinately increasing apoptosis and cancer stem-like cells targeting while blocking DNA damage repair, invasion, mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. Our findings offer a sound rationale for positioning TGFβR kinase inhibitors as radiosensitizers to improve the treatment of glioblastoma.
Maternal and Other Factors in the Etiology of Infantile Colic
Authors: Jack L. Paradise
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Significant colic developed in 23% of 146 normal newborns. Its incidence was unrelated to family economic class, maternal age, birth order, sex, weight gain, type of feeding, or family history of allergic or gastrointestinal disorder. Superior maternal intelligence and advanced maternal education seemed associated with a higher than average incidence of colic, possibly because of better maternal reporting or lower maternal tolerance. The occurrence of colic showed no relationship to maternal emotional factors, whether estimated clinically or measured by a standardized psychological test. Most mothers of infants with colic were stable, cheerful, and feminine. This evidence, and other evidence when critically reviewed, does not support the frequently stated view that colic results from an unfavorable emotional climate created by an inexperienced, anxious, hostile, or unmotherly mother. By so advising parents, physicians may relieve them of unwarranted self-blame and anxiety.
Ultraviolet B induces hyperproliferation and modification of epidermal differentiation in normal human skin grafted on to nude mice
Authors: S. Del Bino, C. Vioux, P. Rossio-Pasquier, A. Jomard, M. Demarchez, D. Asselineau, F. Bernerd
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

For ethical and technical reasons, the in vivo biological effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on skin are difficult to study in human volunteers. The use of human skin grafted on to nude mice may circumvent this difficulty.To investigate the effects of a single moderate UVB exposure on human skin grafted on to nude mice.Modifications of epidermal differentiation markers and patterns of keratin expression were assessed from 24 h to 14 days after a physiological UVB irradiation characterized by the induction of sunburn cells.During the first 48 h postexposure, involucrin, loricrin, transglutaminase type I, filaggrin and keratin K2e expression were altered together with the formation of abnormal horny layers. Constitutive keratin K14 was increased while keratin K10 expression was delayed. Newly synthesized keratins K6, K16, K17 and K19 were induced in parallel with an increase in the epidermal proliferation rate. A progressive normalization of both keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation took place during the following days, reaching completion within 2 weeks.Exposure of human skin to a UVB dose corresponding to a mild sunburn reaction induces epidermal hyperproliferation and alterations of several constitutive differentiation markers, as well as a drastic modification in the pattern of epidermal keratins. Although these modifications were shown to be progressively reversed in a single exposure model, the data also suggest that subsequent UV exposures occurring during the recovery period may lead to potentially deleterious long-term consequences, such as photoageing and photocarcinogenesis. Grafted human skin appeared to be an attractive and promising model for investigating the biological consequences of UVB radiation in vivo.
Occupation and Disease
Authors: P. Brooks
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Allard Dembe Yale University Press, £25, pp 384 ISBN 0 300 06436 5

This is the story of the scribe, the telegrapher, the typewriter, and the computer—speckled with such interesting characters as Astley Cooper, Guillaume Dupuytren, and Henry Finkelstein, who helped found the Hospital for Joint Diseases in New York. Allard Dembe sets the theme for his book by developing a pluralistic model of occupational disease involving the individual, the health care worker, the work environment, and the many social factors that might affect this. He then develops this theme with three major occupational diseases: cumulative trauma disorders of the hands and wrists, back pain, …
"NASAL OPERATIONS IN BRONCHIAL ASTHMA"
Authors: G. Henry Mundt
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —After reading the article by Dr. Morris H. Kahn inThe Journal(February 16, p. 536), I feel that some comment should be made by an otolaryngologist. From an analysis of the table of clinical results, one is unable to gain any definite information as to the procedure instituted in the thirty-three cases. I think that the majority of rhinologists are firmly of the opinion that in selected cases of bronchial asthma there will be definite and often permanent relief after an operation in the upper straits of the nose, in which area I include especially the ethmoid cells. My reason for this letter is that such an article as the one under discussion may act as a serious deterrent to a complete study of this most interesting and important class of cases. However, any nasal procedure should be based on a definite pathologic condition, and this
Pediatric Kidney Disease
Authors: Donald Moel
Journal: JAMA (1993)

The first edition of<i>Pediatric Kidney Disease</i>was an excellent reference book for pediatric nephrologists, pediatric residents, and medical students, but, as the years passed without update, its usefulness diminished. No other textbooks of pediatric nephrology have matched the comprehensiveness of the 1978<i>Pediatric Kidney Disease</i>, not even the second edition of<i>Pediatric Nephrology</i>, edited by Holliday, Barratt, and Vernier and published in 1987. The long-awaited second edition of<i>Pediatric Kidney Disease</i>is also a fine, comprehensive, two-volume textbook. Hopefully, the third edition will be published in less than 14 years. As was true with the first edition, this textbook should be included in all medical school libraries, pediatric departmental libraries (if the department can afford its high price), and the personal libraries of pediatric nephrology fellows and pediatric nephrologists. For the academic pediatric nephrologist, of course, it will lack most recent references but can serve as a basis for
Immunity and Oncogenesis
Authors: Zenonas Danilevicius
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Approximately at the time when Osoba and Miller1described the thymic factor and indicated that through this factor thymus endows the lymphoid cells with power to participate in the phenomenon of immunity, Perri et al2spoke about thymus as follows:  The thymus and its function could be of particular importance in the field of oncology since it might participate, along with other glands, in the regulation of tissue homeostasis and be of paramount importance in regressing the activity of cells which potentially may develop into neoplasms.  Perri et al found that Jensen sarcoma grew at a faster rate in thymectomized animals than in normal controls. Since that time, other authors have indicated that in animals and in humans who have been immunosuppressed, the incidence of malignant tumors was higher than in those with normal immunity status.  In 1972, Penn and Starzl3demonstrated that human organ transplant recipients
Resistance of human glioblastoma multiforme cells to growth factor inhibitors is overcome by blockade of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins
Authors: David S. Ziegler, Renee D. Wright, Santosh Kesari, Madeleine E. Lemieux, Mary A. Tran, Monish Jain, Leigh Zawel, Andrew L. Kung
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), including PDGFR, have been validated as therapeutic targets in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), yet inhibitors of RTKs have had limited clinical success. As various antiapoptotic mechanisms render GBM cells resistant to chemo- and radiotherapy, we hypothesized that these antiapoptotic mechanisms also confer resistance to RTK inhibition. We found that in vitro inhibition of PDGFR in human GBM cells initiated the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, as evidenced by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, but downstream caspase activation was blocked by inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). Consistent with this, inhibition of PDGFR combined with small molecule inactivation of IAPs induced apoptosis in human GBM cells in vitro and had synergistic antitumor effects in orthotopic mouse models of GBM and in primary human GBM neurospheres. These results demonstrate that concomitant inhibition of IAPs can overcome resistance to RTK inhibitors in human malignant GBM cells, and suggest that blockade of IAPs has the potential to improve treatment outcomes in patients with GBM.
Predicting Aggressive Decline in Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Giuseppe Tosto, Molly E. Zimmerman, Owen T. Carmichael, Adam M. Brickman
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Although white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are associated with the risk for Alzheimer disease, it is unknown whether they represent an independent source of impairment or interact with known markers of disease.
Kinetic Studies of the Mechanism of Thrombocytopenia in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Penny J. Ballem, Allan Belzberg, Dana V. Devine, Donald Lyster, Barry Spruston, Helen Chambers, Phillip Doubroff, Karol Mikulash
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Isolated thrombocytopenia accompanied by increased amounts of platelet-associated antibody is a common manifestation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and the thrombocytopenia often improves with zidovudine. It is not clear whether the mechanism of HIV-related thrombocytopenia primarily involves autoimmune destruction of platelets or reduced platelet production by megakaryocytes.We studied the survival of 111In-labeled autologous platelets and performed platelet imaging in 24 men with isolated HIV-related thrombocytopenia (16 who received no treatment and 8 who received zidovudine). We also studied 20 HIV-infected men with normal platelet counts (10 who received no treatment and 10 who received zidovudine) and studied 12 healthy seronegative men as controls.Mean (+/- SD) platelet survival was significantly decreased in both the untreated and the zidovudine-treated patients with HIV-related thrombocytopenia (to 92 +/- 33 and 129 +/- 44 hours, respectively; both P < 0.001), as compared with the normal controls (198 +/- 15 hours). Mean platelet survival was also significantly decreased in the HIV-infected patients with normal platelet counts (untreated, 162 +/- 23 hours, P < 0.01; zidovudine-treated, 166 +/- 35 hours, P < 0.05). Imaging studies, however, revealed no evidence of increased clearance of autologous platelets in the liver or spleen in any of these groups. Mean platelet production was significantly depressed in the untreated patients with thrombocytopenia (23,000 +/- 11,000 platelets per cubic millimeter per day, P < 0.001) as compared with the healthy controls (45,000 +/- 6,000 per cubic millimeter per day). Mean platelet production was significantly increased, however, in the men treated with zidovudine, both in those with thrombocytopenia (60,000 +/- 31,000 platelets per cubic millimeter per day, P < 0.01 vs. controls) and in those without thrombocytopenia (68,000 +/- 22,000 per cubic millimeter per day, P < 0.01).Although there was a moderate reduction in platelet survival in HIV-infected persons, these patients, regardless of platelet counts, also had decreased production of platelets, possibly due to viral infection of the megakaryocytes. Zidovudine appears to improve platelet production.
901-59 Right Coronary Artery Obstruction After Radiofrequency Current Application at Right Atrial Myocardium in Young Pigs
Authors: Thomas Paul, Regina Bökenkamp, Magdalena Zimmermann, Britta Mahnert, Hans J. Trappe, Anne Maaβ, Rudolf Sümpelmann, Thomas Gräter, Hans C. Kallfelz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)