tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Independent and incremental prognostic value of endogenous ouabain in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Maria Vittoria Pitzalis, John M. Hamlyn, Elisabetta Messaggio, Massimo Iacoviello, Cinzia Forleo, Roberta Romito, Elisabetta de Tommasi, Paolo Rizzon, Giuseppe Bianchi, Paolo Manunta
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2005)
Children on hunger strike: child abuse or legitimate protest?
Authors: A Mok, E A S Nelson
Journal: BMJ (1996)

The issue of children on hunger strike (voluntary total fasting) has not been reported before. The World Medical Association Declaration of Tokyo 1975 and the Declaration of Malta 1991 (revised 1992) provide clinicians with guidelines for the management of adult patients on hunger strike but do not mention children. We report the management of 14 Vietnamese children, aged 1 to 12 years, who took part in a hunger strike at a refugee detention centre in Hong Kong.
Pulmonary hypertension and hypoxemia in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
Authors: D Sajkov, R J Cowie, A T Thornton, H A Espinoza, R D McEvoy
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

To determine whether pulmonary hypertension (PH) can occur in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in the absence of lung or primary cardiac disease, we studied 27 patients (26 males, mean age 49 +/- 10 yr) with OSAS (respiratory disturbance index [RDI] > 10 events/h) in whom clinically significant lung or cardiac diseases were excluded. Pulsed Doppler measurements of pulmonary hemodynamics, pulmonary function tests, arterial blood gas analysis, and polysomnography were performed. A total of 11 OSAS patients (41%) were found to have pulmonary hypertension. The levels of PH were relatively mild (Ppa < or = 26 mm Hg). There were no differences between PH and non-PH patients in body mass index (BMI), smoking history, or lung function. PH patients were more hypoxemic when awake than non-PH patients (PaO2 = 72.2 +/- 7.6 versus 77.6 +/- 7.3 mm Hg, respectively; p < 0.05) but did not differ in severity of sleep apnea (RDI = 51.9 +/- 25.1 versus 56.8 +/- 26.2 events/h, respectively; p = NS) or indices of sleep desaturation. The hypoxemia in PH patients could not be explained by impairment of lung function, greater body mass, or a higher prevalence of smoking, and PaO2 in the study population was significantly correlated with Ppa (r = -0.46, p < 0.02) but not with FEV1 or BMI. We conclude that lung disease is not a prerequisite for PH in OSAS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Propylthiouracil-induced cutaneous vasculitis. Case presentation and review of the literature
Authors: D. B. Vasily
Journal: JAMA (1980)

A patient had cutaneous vasculitis, leukopenia, and splenomegaly caused by the antithyroid drug, propylthiouracil. Histopathologic changes of acute vasculitis of the superficial and deep dermal blood vessels accompanied by fibrin thrombi formation were found in biopsy specimens of the cutaneous lesions. Direct immunofluorescence studies demonstrated IgM and C3 of the vessel walls suggesting immune complex deposition. The literature disclosed five cases with similar features associated with propylthiouracil therapy. Characteristic cutaneous findings include a recurrent, self-limited, symmetrical purpuric eruption that can involve the face or earlobes. Clinicians should recognize these changes as a cutaneous sign of a vasculitis associated with propylthiouracil therapy.
Distinct patterns of gained chromosomes in high hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia with t(1;19)(q23;p13), t(9;22)(q34;q22) or MLL rearrangements
Authors: K Paulsson, C J Harrison, M K Andersen, L Chilton, A Nordgren, A V Moorman, B Johansson
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
938 DISCOVERY OF POTENT, BIOAVAILABLE HCV NS3/4A INHIBITORS THAT DISPLAY UNIMPAIRED ACTIVITY AGAINST AN NS3 SEQUENCE VARIANT ASSOCIATED WITH RESISTANCE TO LINEAR TETRAPEPTIDES AND MACROCYCLIC INHIBITORS
Authors: B. Buckman, K. Kossen, D. Ruhrmund, R. Rajagopalan, S. Stevens, L. Hooi, L. Snarskaya, T. Wang, J. Hong, S. Lim, L. Pan, L. Huang, N. Stoycheva, L. Beigelman, S. Seiwert
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Health-Related Benefits of Attaining the 8-Hr Ozone Standard
Authors: Bryan J. Hubbell, Aaron Hallberg, Donald R. McCubbin, Ellen Post
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

During the 2000-2002 time period, between 36 and 56% of ozone monitors each year in the United States failed to meet the current ozone standard of 80 ppb for the fourth highest maximum 8-hr ozone concentration. We estimated the health benefits of attaining the ozone standard at these monitors using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program. We used health impact functions based on published epidemiologic studies, and valuation functions derived from the economics literature. The estimated health benefits for 2000 and 2001 are similar in magnitude, whereas the results for 2002 are roughly twice that of each of the prior 2 years. The simple average of health impacts across the 3 years includes reductions of 800 premature deaths, 4,500 hospital and emergency department admissions, 900,000 school absences, and > 1 million minor restricted activity days. The simple average of benefits (including premature mortality) across the 3 years is 5.7 billion dollars [90% confidence interval (CI), 0.6-15.0] for the quadratic rollback simulation method and 4.9 billion dollars (90% CI, 0.5-14.0) for the proportional rollback simulation method. Results are sensitive to the form of the standard and to assumptions about background ozone levels. If the form of the standard is based on the first highest maximum 8-hr concentration, impacts are increased by a factor of 2-3. Increasing the assumed hourly background from zero to 40 ppb reduced impacts by 30 and 60% for the proportional and quadratic attainment simulation methods, respectively.
Lack of the nucleoside transporter ENT1 results in the Augustine-null blood type and ectopic mineralization
Authors: Geoff Daniels, Bryan A. Ballif, Virginie Helias, Carole Saison, Shane Grimsley, Lucienne Mannessier, Hein Hustinx, Edmond Lee, Jean-Pierre Cartron, Thierry Peyrard, Lionel Arnaud
Journal: Blood (2015)
Twin Bill on Tumor Immunity
Authors: F.J. Ingelfinger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Readers who discover that the first and second articles in this issue bear identical titles will probably think, "Oh-oh — they've goofed again." Well, the twin reports may be a blunder, but not of the usual unintentional variety.For the uninitiated, immunology, and particularly tumor immunology, tends to be a difficult subject. And things become no easier when some immunologic phenomena of leukemia are described in terms of lymphocytic blastogenesis, membrane immunofluorescence, and abrogation of positive blastogenesis by autologous but not by allogeneic serum. Nor is the picture clarified by responses that reflect a mixed bag of partly cell-mediated immunity, . . .
SALIENT FEATURES OF THE OPERATION FOR CLEFT PALATE.A Clinical Lecture Delivered at the Chicago Medical College, Medical Department of the Northwestern University, January 26, 1882.
Authors: W. E. CASSELBERRY
Journal: JAMA (1892)

The little patient now being anæsthetized suffers from a congenital cleft of the palate which extends through the uvula and velum and some distance into the hard palate — about through the horizontal plate of the palate bone, but not involving the superior maxilla. On inspection, the parts appear as if there were no soft palate, the side flaps being retracted by muscular tension, leaving a wide, inverted, V-shaped opening, through which is visible the posterior and superior walls of the naso-pharynx, with their covering of adenoid glandular tissue. In severer cases, the fissure may extend through the entire roof of the mouth, and may be conjoined with hare-lip. The operation is known as staphylorophy when the cleft involves the soft palate only, or extends but little into the hard palate, and osteoplasty when the palate process of the superior maxilla is so deficient as to necessitate the Fergusson procedure
Rate Control in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Paul Dorian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Untreated atrial fibrillation is usually associated with a rapid, irregular ventricular response and is often accompanied by symptoms including palpitations, fatigue, dyspnea, and dizziness. It is widely accepted that slowing the ventricular response, both at rest and during activity, with the use of drugs that prolong the refractory period of the atrioventricular (AV) node (so-called rate-control agents) will result in an improvement in symptoms and most likely reduce the future risk of adverse cardiovascular events. The strategy of rate control is preferred by most physicians to the strategy of rhythm control as initial therapy for patients with atrial fibrillation,1 given . . .
International conference “mildly optimistic” about bird flu
Authors: Paul Ress
Journal: BMJ (2005)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Seasonal influenza virus infections cause mild illness in healthy adults, as timely viral clearance is mediated by the functions of cytotoxic T cells. However, avian H5N1 influenza virus infections can result in prolonged and fatal illness across all age groups, which has been attributed to the overt and uncontrolled activation of host immune responses. Here we investigate how excessive innate immune responses to H5N1 impair subsequent adaptive T cell responses in the lungs. Using recombinant H1N1 and H5N1 strains sharing 6 internal genes, we demonstrate that H5N1 (2:6) infection in mice causes higher stimulation and increased migration of lung dendritic cells to the draining lymph nodes, resulting in higher numbers of virus specific T cells in the lungs. Despite robust T cell responses in the lungs, H5N1 (2:6) infected mice showed inefficient and delayed viral clearance as compared to H1N1 infected mice. In addition, we observed higher levels of inhibitory signals including increased PD1 and IL-10 expression by cytotoxic T cells in H5N1 (2:6) infected mice, suggesting that delayed viral clearance of H5N1 (2:6) was due to suppression of T cell functions <i>in vivo</i>. Importantly, H5N1 (2:6) infected mice displayed decreased numbers of tissue resident memory T cells as compared to H1N1 infected mice; however, despite decreased number of tissue resident memory T cells, H5N1 (2:6) were protected against a heterologous challenge from H3N2 virus (X31). Taken together, our study provides mechanistic insight for the prolonged viral replication and protracted illness observed in H5N1 infected patients. <h3>Importance</h3> Influenza viruses cause upper respiratory tract infections in humans. In healthy adults, seasonal influenza virus infections result in mild disease. Occasionally, influenza viruses endemic in domestic birds can cause severe and fatal disease even in healthy individuals. In avian influenza virus infected patients, the host immune system is activated in an uncontrolled manner and is unable to control infection in a timely fashion. In this study, we investigated why the immune system fails to effectively control a modified form of avian influenza virus. Our studies show that T cell functions important for clearing virally infected cells are impaired by higher negative regulatory signals during modified avian influenza virus infection. In addition, memory T cell numbers were decreased in modified avian influenza virus infected mice. Our studies provide a possible mechanism for the severe and prolonged disease associated with avian influenza virus infections in humans.
991 COMPARISON OF RISK FOR CORONARY HEART DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH NAFLD, CHRONIC HEPATITIS C AND HEALTHY SUBJECTS
Authors: S. Dragneva, D. Valcheva, A. Markova, R. Ivanova, D. Stanchev, A. Alexiev, K. Antonov, D. Jelev, V. Dimitrova, L. Mateva
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways in failing human hearts
Authors: D Ng
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Objectives: The signal transduction pathways mediating the progression to failure have been intensively studied in a variety of in vitro and in vivo animal models. Recently, acute activation of the Janus kinases (JAKs) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) has been observed in the heart, but whether this is sustained in ischemic heart disease (IHD) or dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) has not been previously addressed. Methods: We assessed the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1, 3, 5 and 6 in ventricular samples of explanted human hearts with IHD (n=11) and DCM (n=9) as an indication of STAT activation. Samples from normal donor hearts (n=9) acted as controls. In parallel, we also assessed protein expression and phosphorylation of three major families of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs); ERK, p38 MAPK and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK). Results: All STAT isoforms were significantly phosphorylated in DCM. In contrast, only the phosphorylation of STATs 1 and 5 were significantly enhanced in IHD. Expression of total STAT protein remained unchanged. For the MAPKs, significant phosphorylation of p38MAPK was only observed in IHD. In contrast, there was no change in ERK or JNK activation despite abundant protein expression. Conclusions: We have shown that different members of the STAT transcription factor family are chronically phosphorylated in the failing heart as a result of IHD (STAT1 and 5) or DCM (STAT1, 3, 5 and 6). In contrast, IHD but not DCM showed significant p38MAPK phosphorylation. Whilst the differences noted between IHD and DCM may reflect different initiating events, the common activation of STATs 1 and 5 suggests that these transcription factors may play a common role regulating the progression of heart failure.
THE UROPOD-BEARING LYMPHOCYTE OF THE GUINEA PIG
Authors: David L. Rosenstreich, Ethan Shevach, Ira Green, Alan S. Rosenthal
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

In this study, the frequency of uropod formation and the type of lymphocyte bearing the uropod was investigated in various guinea pig lymphocyte populations. Without prior in vitro stimulation, almost 40% of peritoneal exudate lymphocytes (PELS) form uropods, while thymocytes and lymph node cells form far fewer. Subsequent stimulation in vitro with purified protein derivative demonstrated that there is an association between antigen reactivity and frequency of uropod formation in these populations. The ultrastructure of these uropods is identical to that described for human lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin. In the populations studied, all the lymphocytes forming uropods lack easily detectable surface membrane immunoglobulin and are therefore most likely thymus-derived or T lymphocytes.
Clinical applications of serum carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha-fetoprotein levels in children with solid tumors Mann, J., Lakin, E., Leonard, C., Rawlinson, A., Richardson, S., Corkery, J., Cameron, A., and Shah, K.: Arch. Dis. 53:366, 1978.
Authors: None SB
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1978)
Intensive breast cancer screening programs including MRI influence prognosis and treatment of breast cancer among BRCA 1/2 gene mutation carriers.
Authors: E Chereau, C Uzan, J Chevalier, B Bressac-de Paillerets, O Caron, M Mathieu, M Koskas, C Bourgier, F André, C Dromain, C Balleyguier, S Delaloge
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #5004 Background: Several studies have highlighted the potential benefit of early breast cancer (BC) diagnosis through breast MRI for high risk patients (pts). However, MRI is an expensive test with a low positive predictive value and has not been proven to reduce mortality rates in women carrying BRCA1/2 deleterious gene mutations (mut).&amp;#x2028; At Institut Gustave Roussy, we started intensive BC screening programs for BRCA1/2 carriers (annual MRI + mammogram + bi-annual US) in 2001. The aim of this study was to compare the characteristics and prognostic features of BC in BRCA1/2 pts diagnosed inside or outside screening programs.&amp;#x2028; Patients and Methods: All female BRCA1/2 mut carriers who have been treated for a new BC in our institution between 2001 and 2008, were entered into this study. All BRCA1/2 mut testing have been performed under the French guidelines and recommendations.&amp;#x2028; We compared the clinico-pathological data, treatments and prognostic features between group 1 (pts diagnosed while on an intensive dedicated screening program) and group 2 (pts diagnosed outside these programs). Pts characteristics were compared using student T-test, and survival curves using Log-Rank tests.&amp;#x2028; Results: 122 pts met the inclusion criteria: 20 in group 1, 102 in group 2. &amp;gt; 95% of pts in group 2 were not aware of their BRCA1/2 mut at time of diagnosis. In group 1, 17 cancers were diagnosed primarily through MRI (85%), while 3 were self-detected interval BC. Pts in group 1 had tumors with significantly better prognostic factors and received less CT.&amp;#x2028; 3-year DFS significantly differed between groups 1 (100%) and 2 (74% (IC: 64-81 (p=0.04). 3-years MFS was 100 and 80% (p= 0.08), 3-years OS was 100 and 94% (p=0.26) in groups 1 and 2.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Conclusion: These early data strongly suggest an important benefit in terms of disease-free survival and treatment sparing for i. the knowledge of a BRCA1/2 mut; ii. inclusion into intensive BC screening programs including MRI. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5004.
CORTISONE IN OCHRONOTIC ARTHRITIS
Authors: Clyde B. Cope
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Ochronotic arthritis is a rare metabolic condition clinically characterized by a diagnostic triad 1 : (1) blue-black cartilages, especially of the ears and nose, brownish discoloration of the scleras, and gray-blue pigmentation of the skin; (2) urine that turns dark brown or black on standing or alkalinization; and (3) arthritis. There have been about 50 cases reported in the literature. Virchow, 2 in 1866, described as postmortem findings the first case of ochronotic pigmentation and deforming arthritis. In 1904, Osler 3 reported the first living patient with pigmented ears and scleras, rheumatic pains, Heberden's nodes, and nonglucose reducing substances in the urine. Because of the complexity and rarity of this clinical entity, none of the summaries in the literature can be considered complete or final. The most satisfactory reviews have been written by Oppenheimer and Kline 4 and Smith. 5   Hench 6 has aptly stated that ochronotic arthritis resembles rheumatoid arthritis
The effect of Gd@C82(OH)22 nanoparticles on the release of Th1/Th2 cytokines and induction of TNF-α mediated cellular immunity
Authors: Ying Liu, Fang Jiao, Yang Qiu, Wei Li, Fang Lao, Guoqiang Zhou, Baoyun Sun, Genmei Xing, Jinquan Dong, Yuliang Zhao, Zhifang Chai, Chunying Chen
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Amino acid uptake in rabbit blood vessels two weeks after induction of hypertension by coarctation of the abdominal aorta
Authors: W. R. HUME, J. A. BEVAN
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1978)

Rabbits were made hypertensive by partial constriction of the upper abdominal aorta. Two weeks after the operation various arteries and veins were removed from these rabbits and from sham-operated animals, and the in vitro incorporation of tritium-labelled proline and lysine into the vessels was measured to gain information on protein synthesis in the blood vessel walls. The ear and carotid arteries and the thoracic aorta, which are from the proximal (hypertensive) side of the ligature, showed increased uptake of the amino acids when compared with the same vessels from sham-operated animals. The increase showed good correlation with the degree of hypertension, expressed as the mean brachial arterial pressure. TCA-precipitated protein extracts were prepared from the thoracic and abdominal aortae. Comparison of labelled amino acid uptake into whole tissue and into TCA-precipitated protein for these vessels from each animal showed that increased uptake into the tissue indicated increased protein synthesis. Protein samples from thoracic aorta were separated into elastin, collagen, and other proteins for estimation of synthesis of these components. Each of the three protein groups showed increase of synthesis in hypertensive vessels. The greatest absolute increase was in the non-collagen, non-elastin protein, and the increase relative to control levels was similar in each of the three protein groups. In arteries distal to the ligature (normotensive side) and in veins from either side of the ligature no increase in protein synthesis related to brachial pressure was apparent. These results show that the rate of protein synthesis, determined in vitro, increases in arteries subjected to increased blood pressure. Synthesis increases in both the static structural (collagen and elastin) and in the other proteins. The change in protein synthesis is caused by local, rather than systemic, factors.
Thomas Ballantyne Begg
Authors: D Ward
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Founder of the modern hospice movementCicely Saunders founded the first modern hospice and, more than anybody else, was responsible for establishing the discipline and the culture of palliative care.She introduced effective pain management and insisted that dying people needed dignity, compassion, and respect, as well as rigorous scientific methodology in the testing of treatments.St Christopher's Hospice opened in south west London in 1967.It is now one of many but is still the leader in the field.It was her personal achievement and has been imitated all over the world.She raised the funds for the hospice and contributed some of her own money.Saunders introduced the idea of "total pain," which included the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions of distress.A good listener, she paid systematic attention to patient narratives.One St Christopher's patient, transferred from another hospital, said, "They used to see how long I could go without an injection.I used to be pouring with sweat because of the pain.I couldn't speak to anyone and I was having crying fits.I think I've only cried once since I've been here . . .The biggest difference is feeling so calm.I don't get worked up or upset."Cicely Mary Strode Saunders was born in Barnet, Hertfordshire, in 1918.She was sent to Roedean School when she was 10.Taller than the other girls, she felt she never fitted in, which, she said, gave her a feeling for people who were outsiders.She also suffered from a painful and slightly crooked spine, and was made to lie flat on the floor for 40 minutes a day.Her father disapproved of her desire to be a nurse, and so instead she went to study at Oxford.After the outbreak of the second world war she abandoned her course and defied her parents' advice, enrolling as a student nurse at St Thomas' Hospital in 1944.However, her back was still painful, and she was advised to quit nursing.After returning to Oxford for a year she gained a "war degree" and qualified as a social worker, or what was then called a lady almoner, in 1947.Saunders was originally an agnostic, but, while on holiday in Cornwall with some
REPORT OF A CASE OF FOREIGN BODY IN LEFT MAIN BRONCHUS FOR TEN YEARS
Authors: Thomas Hubbard
Journal: JAMA (1918)

L. W. aspirated an old, somewhat irregular three-quarter inch staple when she was 9 years of age. At that time she was recovering from measles. She developed bronchopneumonia with subsequent abscesses and occasional hemorrhages. She was not able to attend school on account of feebleness and constant coughing of foul-smelling sputum. For ten years she passed a wretched existence. For some unaccountable reason, no roentgen examination was made by any of the six physicians consulted during this ten-year period, and the patient was subjected to all kinds of consumption remedies in spite of the oft-told story of the accident. The family moved to Toledo, and at the Thalian Dispensary, Dr. Rabenoyich became suspicious that she was not tuberculous. Roentgenoscopy by Mr. Dachtler revealed the cause of the lung trouble. The staple was clearly outlined in the lower left bronchus, with the points upward. There was very little of the lung