tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reviews and Notes: Hepatology: Current Hepatology
Authors: Frank Iber
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Literature of Medicine1 June 1996Reviews and Notes: Hepatology: Current HepatologyFrank Iber, MDFrank Iber, MDHines Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, IL 60141Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-11-199606010-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Volume 14. Gary Gitnick; ed. 383 pages. Chicago: Mosby-Year Book; 1994. $82.95. ISBN 0815136757. Order phone 800-426-4545.Twelve chapters, which cover all aspects of the liver, address the important advances published from 1990 to 1992. The best chapters review a sharply limited number of articles, place them in clear perspective through extensive editorial comment, and frequently mention missing data. The chapters on acute and chronic hepatitis, portal hypertension, and cirrhosis are extremely valuable.The book has been written to update clinicians on basic science, treatment, and diagnostic information. Most of the chapters accomplish this concisely, limiting discussion to a manageable ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Frank Iber, MDAffiliations: Hines Veterans Affairs Hospital, Hines, IL 60141 Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1996Volume 124, Issue 11 Page: 1018 Keywords Biliary system Chronic hepatitis Cirrhosis Gastroenterology and hepatology Liver Portal hypertension ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 June 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Lawrence R. Shapiro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

The clinical picture of the X-linked form of mental retardation associated with a fragile X chromosome was first elucidated in 1980. The affected males are retarded and have long, thin faces with prominent jaws, large and protuberant ears, macroorchidism, and autistic features.1 It was subsequently recognized that despite the apparently X-linked mode of inheritance, some female carriers have mental retardation.2 The fragile X syndrome is now seen as the most common inherited form of mental retardation,3 and some suggest that the study of a mentally retarded person is not complete without an analysis for the fragile X chromosome.1 , 2 The disorder's . . .
Immunization Levels in Boston Schools — A Second Look
Authors: Nell H. Gottlieb, Henry Wechsler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

The Department annually surveys the immunization status of children entering kindergarten in Massachusetts. For 1974–75, the results1 compared favorably with national averages2 for that year but showed pockets of low immunization in the inner city. For the 8499 children entering kindergarten in Boston, the immunization levels found in 1974 were: 79 per cent for poliomyelitis (as compared with a national average of 73 per cent), 83 per cent for diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (85 per cent nationally) and 82 per cent for measles (72 nationally). The Department's statistics revealed that full immunization against poliomyelitis* was reported below 60 per cent in 10 Boston . . .
Abstract 5592: FGFR4-mediated anti-apoptotic signaling classifies subtypes of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cells.
Authors: Marco Wachtel, Jelena Rakic, Michal Okoniewski, Peter Bode, Beat Schäfer
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Both conventional and targeted treatments of cancer are effective only in subsets of patients. A major obstacle for any treatment directed against a certain tumor type is the biological heterogeneity of tumors. Therefore, characterization of treatment-relevant tumor heterogeneity is necessary to develop more specific, tumor-tailored treatments in the future. Here, we evaluated heterogeneity among alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (aRMS) by assessing differences in anti-apoptotic signaling mediated by FGFR4, a receptor commonly activated in this tumor type. We found that FGFR4 signaling rescues subgroups of aRMS cell lines from apoptosis induced by compounds targeting the IGF1R-PI3K-mTor pathway or by different chemotherapeutics. As a result of differences of involved apoptotic signaling mechanisms composition of the subgroups is compound-dependent. IGF1R-PI3K-mTor targeted treatment induced apoptosis via Bim/Bad in the rescue and via Bmf in the non-rescue group of cells. Gene expression analysis detected signatures specific for these two cell types also in biopsy samples. Expression levels of AP2β discriminate the two cell types and reveal that both cell types are present in different ratios in most aRMS tumors. Behaviour of Rh30 cells suggests that the two cell types reflect different activation states of PAX/FKHR, the fusion transcription factors present in most aRMS and that environmental stimuli can induce a phenotype switch. Combination of targeted or untargeted drugs with FGFR inhibitors therefore represents an opportunity to improve therapeutic efficacy against aRMS cells with active anti-apoptotic FGFR4 signaling. Citation Format: Marco Wachtel, Jelena Rakic, Michal Okoniewski, Peter Bode, Beat Schäfer. FGFR4-mediated anti-apoptotic signaling classifies subtypes of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5592. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5592
COMPARISON OF LYMPHATIC ABNORMALITIES IN PATIENTS WITH PROTEIN LOSING ENTEROPATHY AND PLASTIC BRONCHITIS
Authors: Yoav Dori, Marc Keller, Andrew Glatz, Matthew Gillespie, David Goldberg, Matthew Harris, Mark Fogel, Kevin Whitehead, Jonathan Rome, Jack Rychik, Maxim Itkin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Screening for ovarian cancer: Authors' reply
Authors: I. Jacobs, D. Oram
Journal: BMJ (1993)

vation.A specificity of 890/o would not be adequate to prompt surgical exploration, but the serum markers could be used to prompt transvaginal sonogrphy.This would considerably reduce the number of transvaginal sonograms required in a screening strategy.As the panel of three markers distinguishes malignant from benign pelvic masses with a specificity of approximately 50%, half of the false positive results obtained with transvaginal sonography might also be eliminated.The specificity of this strategy is currently being tested.In the long term a combination of modalities is likely to provide a more sensitive and specific screening strategy than either serum markers or transvaginal sonography alone.
Role of Nicotinic Acid in Atherosclerosis Prevention
Authors: Thomas F. Whayne
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Built Environment and Physical Functioning in Hispanic Elders: The Role of “Eyes on the Street”
Authors: Scott C. Brown, Craig A. Mason, Tatiana Perrino, Joanna L. Lombard, Frank Martinez, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, Arnold R. Spokane, José Szapocznik
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

BackgroundResearch on neighborhood effects increasingly includes the influences of the built environment on health and social well-being.ObjectivesIn this population-based study in a low-socioeconomic-status (SES), Hispanic neighborhood, we examined whether architectural features of the built environment theorized to promote direct observations and interactions (e.g., porches, stoops) predicted Hispanic elders' social support and psychological and physical functioning.MethodsWe coded built-environment features for all 3,857 lots in the 403-block area of an urban Miami, Florida, community. We then conducted three annual assessments of social support, psychological distress, and physical functioning in a population-based sample of 273 low-SES Hispanic elders (70–100 years of age). We used structural equation modeling analytic techniques to examine hypothesized relationships between the built environment and elders' social support, psychological distress, and physical functioning over a 3-year period.ResultsAfter controlling for age, sex, and income, architectural features of the built environment theorized to facilitate visual and social contact had a significant direct relationship with elders' physical functioning as measured 3 years later, and an indirect relationship through social support and psychological distress. Further binomial regression analyses suggested that elders living on blocks marked by low levels of positive front entrance features were 2.7 times as likely to have subsequent poor levels of physical functioning, compared with elders living on blocks with a greater number of positive front entrance features [b = 0.99; χ2 (1 df) = 3.71; p = 0.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.0–7.3].ConclusionsArchitectural features that facilitate visual and social contacts may be a protective factor for elders' physical functioning.
Hypomagnesemia. Physical and psychiatric symptoms
Authors: R. C. Hall
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Hypomagnesemia uncomplicated by other factors can give rise to an organic brain syndrome. In a patient with bleeding peptic ulcer, hypomagnesemia occurred secondary to intravenous fluid replacement and suction losses. The patient developed cramping, nystagmus, tremor, clonus, myoclonic jerks, hyperacusia, Chvostik sign, hypertension, tachycardia, and an acute organic brain syndrome. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum magnesium concentrations can be correlated to the treatment schedule, symptom progression, and electroencephalographic changes.
Men of Bart's
Authors: Miles Atkinson
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In reply to Dr. Trimble's Critique and Cavil item (<i>JAMA</i><b>189</b>:698 [Aug 31] 1964), my original cavil was levelled at the use of the prefix "St." before "Bart's," something never done. Now Dr. Trimble brings up another solecism, the omission of the apostrophe. I regret to say it is often seen, even among those who should know better. Bart's is an abbreviation, a colloquialism, an affectionate nickname, for St. Bartholomew's Hospital, as St. Thomas's Hospital might be referred to as "Tom's"—but isn't! (Heaven help me if a Thomas's man sees this.) The austere St. Bartholomew is dear old Bart, his hospital is the Hospital of St. Bartholomew, of Bart, or Bart's Hospital, or succinctly Bart's. And the staff and students and graduates of that hospital are Bart's men—and nowadays women—as those from St. Thomas's Hospital are Thomas's men. Imagine the uproar if the staff of that
THE TREATMENT OF FRACTURES OF THE FEMUR WITH THE AMBULATORY PNEUMATIC SPLINT.
Authors: WALTER B. METCALF
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The treatment of fractures of the femur has from time immemorial been an ungovernable condition, never fully under the control of the surgeon. The condition has been a source of anxiety to the surgeon and not an infrequent source of deformity to the patient. The injury has invariably resulted in shortening, which varied in amount from three-fourths of an inch to three and one-half inches, and in rare cases even more, with an average disability of twelve weeks' being the time offered by the Standard Accident Insurance Company as a cash settlement at the time of the accident. Heilfrich, in his book on fractures published in 1900, gives an average time for healing as thirteen and one-half months, with 34 per cent. able to work and 66 per cent. unable to work. In view of these facts I report the following case: April 6, 1901, Mr. A. G. B., age
Medical Ethics in Review-Reply
Authors: David DeGrazia
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In Reply.  —I would like to respond briefly to Dr Shenkin's letter in order to acknowledge some common ground and clarify a few points. While I think he is still mistaken on nearly everyspecificissue he readdresses, to pursue these points would be largely self-indulgent. Let me instead take up Shenkin's contention that the  ethics establishment (1) eschews empirical approaches to ethics and (2) ignores the fact that, down in the trenches, most physicians are pretty good seat-of-thepants ethicists.  To my knowledge, no medical ethicist eschews empirical approaches toempirical problems. Ethics is partly empirical, partly nonempirical—just as ethical arguments generally depend on both distinctively ethical premises (which are not empirical) and empirical claims to the effect that the present case falls under the scope of some ethical premise. So, for example, an argument that abortion should be legal because illegalization would lead to disastrous consequences relies on
Born in the USA: Infant Health Paradox
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1994)

IN AN ERA when immigrant status evokes sentiments ranging from mild suspicion to outright hostility, two sociologists have good news for foreign-born women living in the United States. Their data analyses challenge widely held assumptions that US women, usually with higher levels of education, employment, and income, have healthier infants than immigrants. "There is an apparent public health enigma," says Rubén G. Rumbaut, PhD, professor of sociology at Michigan State University in East Lansing. After studying hundreds of thousands of birth records in Southern California, Rumbaut and John R. Weeks, PhD, director of the International Population Center at San Diego (Calif) State University, found that immigrants experienced better perinatal outcomes than US-born women. "We are trying to unlock the paradox," Rumbaut, a Cuban native, said during the annual meeting of the American Public Health Association (APHA) where he presented their latest analysis that offers some explanations. <h3>Healthy Asian Infants</h3> Rumbaut
Influence of vitamin D receptor genotype on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a twin study in Britain
Authors: T D Spector, R W Keen, N K Arden, N A Morrison, P J Major, T V Nguyen, P J Kelly, J R Baker, P N Sambrook, J S Lanchbury, J A Eisman
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To investigate the possible association between vitamin D receptor genotype and bone mineral density in a large group of postmenopausal twins. <b>Design</b>: Cross sectional twin study. <b>Setting</b>: Twin population based in Britain. <b>Subjects</b>: 95 dizygotic (non-identical) pairs of twins and 87 monozygotic (identical) pairs of twins aged 50-69 years, postmenopausal, and free of diseases affecting bone, recruited from a national register of twins and with a media campaign. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Bone mineral density measured at the hip, lumbar spine, forearm, and for the whole body by dual energy x ray absorptiometry in relation to differences in the vitamin D receptor genotype. <b>Results</b>: At all sites the values of bone density among dizygotic twins were more similar in those of the same vitamin D receptor genotype than in those of differing genotype, and the values in the former were closer to the correlations seen in monozygotic twins. Women with the genotype that made them at risk of osteoporotic fracture had an adjusted bone mineral density that was significantly lower by SD 0.5 to 0.6 at the hip, lumbar spine, and for the whole body. The results could not be explained by differences in age, weight, years since menopause, or use of hormone replacement therapy. <b>Conclusions</b>: The findings that in postmenopausal women in Britain bone density—particularly at the hip and spine—is genetically linked and specifically associated with the vitamin D receptor genotypes should lead to novel approaches to the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. <h3>Key messages</h3> Key messages Vitamin D has an important role in the metabolism of calcium and bone, mediated through its receptor Common variants of the vitamin D receptor gene are responsible for 7-10% of the difference in bone density between women after the menopause This genetic marker is important because of its potential role in identifying individual women at increased risk of fracture before menopause and in selecting optimal treatment
Effects of volume expansion and contraction in normotensive whites, blacks, and subjects of different ages.
Authors: F C Luft, C E Grim, N Fineberg, M C Weinberger
Journal: Circulation (1979)

We studied the blood pressure, natriuretic, kaliuretic and humoral responses of 347 normal subjects after volume expansion and volume contraction to examine possible differences among whites, blacks and subjects of different ages. According to outpatient 24-hour urine collections, blacks excreted less sodium and potassium than whites. After similar states of sodium intake were achieved among all subjects, 2 liters normal saline were given i.v. Blacks and subjects greater than or equal to 40 years excreted less sodium than whites or subjects less than 40 years, over a 24-hour period. In addition, blacks excreted less potassium. The delay in sodium excretion occurred during the first 12 hours after the salt load. Blacks had a greater suppression of plasma renin activity than whites 24 hours after saline. Blacks also had higher blood pressures than whites after saline administration; their pressure remained elevated until furosemide was given. Furosemide, 120 mg over 24 hours, evoked greater natriuresis, but less kaliuresis in blacks than in whites. The greater prevalence of hypertension in both blacks and older subjects may be related to relatively blunted natriuretic responses when these groups engage in the high sodium-low potassium intake characteristic of our society.
Doctors and the drug industry in Sweden.
Authors: R Smith
Journal: BMJ (1985)

This paper discusses drawing up a restricted list of 245 drugs for use in an inner London group practice, based on a review of prescribing patterns in November 1982.The likely impact of the recent proposals by the Department of Health and Social Security to limit drugs available for prescription under the National Health Service on this project and on patient care is considered.We conclude that generic prescribing and a limited list of drugs may improve the quality of prescribing and be the only way to curb prescribing costs but that a limited list should be flexible, responsive to patients' needs, and applied to ali pre- scribing.There should also be a mechanism for consumer feedback and regular revision of the list.
Deposition of cat (Fel d 1), dog (Can f 1), and horse allergen over time in public environments – a model of dispersion
Authors: A.‐C. Egmar, C. Almqvist, G. Emenius, G. Lilja, M. Wickman
Journal: Allergy (1998)

Background The occurrence and accumulation over time in public environments of cat, dog, and horse allergens was evaluated. Methods Concentrations of animal danders were analyzed by ELISA and countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (CCIE). Results Among factory‐new mattresses, 15/17 contained detectable levels of cat and/or dog allergen, whereas no horse allergen was found although six of the mattresses were stuffed with horsehair. Dust from 15 used mattresses contained significantly higher concentrations of Fel d 1 and Can f 1 than the factory‐new ones (P&lt;0.001). Allergen concentrations and titers correlated to the period of time that the mattresses had been tried by customers; r s =0.52‐0.77, P =0.04‐0.001 (cat), r s =0.38‐0.48, P =0.15‐0.08 (dog), and r s =0.64‐0.74, P =0.008‐0.003 (horse). The increase over time occurred rapidly in highly frequented stores and after 3 weeks reached concentrations that have been found in homes where furred pets had formerly been kept or even the lower allergen scale of homes where pets were currently kept. Conclusions The dispersion of allergens from furred animals to pet‐free public places is likely to occur by deposition from people who have been in direct or indirect contact with pets, and high levels of such allergens seem to accumulate in a short period of time.
Longitudinal Association of Glycemia and Microalbuminuria
Authors: James B. Meigs, Ralph B. D’Agostino, David M. Nathan, Nader Rifai, Peter W.F. Wilson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE—To assess current and long-term associations of glycemia with microalbuminuria, a marker of generalized endothelial injury. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We measured clinical characteristics, fasting plasma glucose, and the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) in 1,311 men and 1,518 women attending the sixth examination cycle (1995–1998) of the Framingham Offspring Study. After excluding participants with diabetes or cardiovascular disease (CVD) at the baseline examination (1971–1974), we used fasting glucose measured at baseline, examination 6, and at least two additional examinations from 1974 to 1995 in regression models to predict risk for microalbuminuria (UACR ≥30 mg/g) associated with baseline, current, and 24-year time-integrated glycemia. RESULTS—Microalbuminuria was present in 9.5% of men and 13.4% of women. Among men, age-adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for microalbuminuria associated with each 0.28 mmol/l (5 mg/dl) increase in baseline, current, and time-integrated glucose levels were 1.12 (1.00–1.16), 1.08 (1.05–1.10), and 1.16 (1.11–1.21), respectively. These effects persisted after adjustment for systolic blood pressure and other confounders. Higher glucose levels also predicted incident diabetes and CVD. Mean time-integrated glucose levels were highest among men who developed both CVD and microalbuminuria (SE 6.82 ± 0.16 mmol/l), intermediate among men with either condition (6.03 ± 0.65 mmol/l), and lowest among men with neither condition (5.49 ± 0.02 mmol/l; P &amp;lt; 0.001 for all pairwise comparisons). We observed similar associations in women. CONCLUSIONS—Long-term hyperglycemia and subdiabetic glycemia increase risk for microalbuminuria. Microalbuminuria, type 2 diabetes, and CVD seem to arise together over the course of decades, consistent with the hypothesis that they share a common antecedent.
Choices in Healing: Integrating the Best Conventional and Complementary Approaches to Cancer
Authors: John M. Merrill
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Thirteen million dollars funds the Office of Alternative Medicine within the $11 billion National Institutes of Health budget for this year—a small fraction, yet an outrage to some more conservative physicians and just as insulting to more fervent advocates of what are variously termed alternative, unorthodox, or quack methods of health care. You can usually guess where a health professional stands by the term chosen. The author of this text, a professional political scientist, PhD, and educator (I hear some physicians grumbling "Oh, oh..."), chooses the term "complementary." In that, he immediately makes a bridge that many skeptics can at least approach. The text is both critical and hopeful toward both conventional and complementary methods of cancer therapy. Nowhere does the book discourage the undeniably toxic but standard methods, nor is "cure" ever promised for any of the panoply of methods he simply asks be considered as possible complements. The