tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sound Science in the Implementation of Public Policy
Authors: Kenneth W. Kizer
Journal: JAMA (1988)

THROUGHOUT the past several decades, and especially in recent years, science has played an increasingly important role in the development and implementation of public policy. The primary reasons for this are (1) the numerous, often dramatic, technological developments that have markedly transformed modern American society and (2) the need for scientific evaluations to aid in the understanding of the ramifications of such technologies. As future technological advances are made we can expect that the role of science in the formulation of public policy—especially in the areas of public health, health care services, and environmental issues—will become even more important. The marriage of science and public policy has not always been a perfect union. California's Proposition 65, officially known as The Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986, brought with it the potential for problems in this regard. The implementation of Proposition 65 has enabled solutions to those same
“That's all I got handed over”: Missed opportunities and opportunity for near misses in Wales
Authors: Mathew Tokode, Breden O'Riordan, Ludger Barthelmes
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Solution is flawedEditor-Conroy et al offer a challenging solution to advance decisions on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), but the basis for that solution is fundamentally flawed. 1 They start from the premise that all institutions should provide cardiopulmonary resuscitation unless an overt decision has been made to the contrary. 2 3This is a common position in most UK NHS trusts, but there is no ethical, legal, or clinical demand on professionals that they must provide CPR.Current UK guidelines describe a presumption in favour of CPR in the absence of an advance decision but are equally clear that it would be unreasonable to resuscitate anyone in whom the burdens of treatment clearly outweigh the potential benefits.The presumption in favour of CPR has been interpreted by many health authorities as a default for CPR, but such a position is not supported by the guidelines and runs counter to personalised decision making by removing personal choice.It is also exceptional, since no other medical treatment comes with a default position.Unfortunately, Conroy et al's solution is to suggest an equally unacceptable position, a default against CPR.Conroy et al are right that the current guidelines need to be reviewed, but not for the reasons they state.Current UK guidelines are the source of much confusion among clinicians. 4They contain many contradictions and confusing statements and provide no framework for making clinical decisions.It is possible to make sense of advance decisions on CPR, and had the authors done so they would have arrived at a framework that individualises decisions, involves patients or relatives and partners when appropriate, and does so without placing an unnecessary burden on patients and carers. 4Instead the authors try to work through this confusion, and by offering a default against CPR they fail to reach a caring solution.
Patterns of injuries during the great lakes open athletics championships held in kenya
Authors: P Bukhala, T Kilika
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Injuries are common in sports, especially dynamic ones such as athletics. An accurate documentation of such injuries provides useful information for future planning, prevention, treatment and management. Literature seems nonexistent on the incidence of such sport injuries in Africa. Objective This study investigated the injuries sustained during the first organised Great Lakes Paralympics Open Athletics Championships that brought together nine countries Nairobi –Kenya from the 21st–26th August 2010. Design The data was collected from records of the medical team and analyzed descriptively and reported using percentages, bar graphs and tables. Participants A total of 120 athletes participated in the championships and were from nine countries namely, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Angola, Ethiopia, and Egypt. 73 cases were reported and treated for one injury or the other. Results The most common treatment was on soft tissue injuries 46 (63%), varying pain conditions (19%) and stomach upsets 12 (16%). The causes of these injuries included the type of shoes; type of wheelchair used and length of time spend on the warm up track. Most of the injuries resulted from overuse (40%) and improper training modalities. Conclusion It was concluded that proper sports training and management of athletes was essential for an injury free competition. Training of volunteer coaches and medical personnel would be helpful for all teams.
Reducing length of stay in hospital for very low birthweight infants by involving mothers in a stepdown unit: an experience from Karachi (Pakistan)
Authors: Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Iqtidar Khan, Suhail Salat, Farukh Raza, Husan Ara
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Clinical care of infants with a very low birth weight (less than 1500 g) in developing countries can be labour intensive and is often associated with a prolonged stay in hospital. The Aga Khan University Medical Center in Karachi, Pakistan, established a neonatal intensive care unit in 1987. By 1993-4, very low birthweight infants remained in hospital for 18-21 days.A stepdown unit was established in September 1994, with mothers providing all basic nursing care for their infants before being discharged under supervision.We analysed neonatal outcomes for the time periods before and after the stepdown unit was created (1987-94 and 1995-2001). We compared these two time periods for survival after birth until discharge, morbidity patterns during hospitalisation, length of stay in hospital, and readmission rates to hospital in the four weeks after discharge.Of 509 consecutive, very low birthweight infants, 494 (97%) preterm and 140 (28%) weighing < 1000 g at birth), 391 (76%) survived to discharge from the hospital. The length of hospitalisation fell significantly from 1987-90, when it was 34 (SD 18) days, to 16 (SD 14) days in 1999-2001 (P < 0.001). Readmission rates to hospital did not rise, nor did adverse outcomes at 12 months of age.Our results indicate that it is possible to involve mothers in the active care of their very low birthweight infants before discharge. This may translate into earlier discharge from hospital to home settings without any increase in short term complications and readmissions.
Echocardiographic and Cardiac Catheterization Findings and Surgical Results of 64 Patients with Congenital Corrected Transposition of Great Arteries (A Single Center Experience)
Authors: Ayhan Çevik, Reyhan Dedeoğlu, İlker Kemal Yücel, Mustafa Orhan Bulut, Numan Aydemir, Buğra Harmandar, Abdullah Erdem, Ahmet Çelebi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Abstract A84: Metronomic cyclophosphamide, when combined with vaccination, increases the immunogenicity of the vaccine and modulates the tumor microenvironment to provide better anti-tumor activity
Authors: Genevieve M. Weir, Neil L. Berinstein, Olga Hrytsenko, Mohan Karkada, Marianne M. Stanford, Marc Mansour
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract DPX-Survivac is a peptide vaccine targeting the broadly expressed tumor antigen survivin. The vaccine contains a mixture of survivin HLA class I peptides (A1, A2, A3, A24 and B7) formulated in the novel adjuvanting vaccine platform DepoVaxTM. A phase I clinical study performed in advanced ovarian cancer patients (n=19) demonstrated that the combination of metronomic cyclophosphamide (mCPA) and DPX-Survivac exhibited enhanced immune responses by IFN-γ ELISPOT (p&amp;lt;0.015) and increased poly-functional antigen-specific EM/ CM CD8+ T cells, relative to patients treated with vaccine alone. These results were mirrored in a preclinical mouse model in which tumor bearing mice treated with mCPA in combination with a DPX peptide vaccine had increased IFN-γ ELISPOT response and enriched antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Adoptively transferred T cells from mice treated with the combination of mCPA and vaccine provided a more pronounced anti-tumor effect. Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry indicated that mice treated with mCPA and vaccine had reduced levels of tumor-induced immune suppressor cells, such as myeloid derived suppressor cells, but no effect was seen on regulatory T cells. Analysis of the tumor microenvironment by RT-qPCR revealed that mice treated with combination therapy had increased levels of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) markers such as granzyme B and IFN-γ. An ovarian tumor model (MOSE) was developed in HLA-A2 transgenic mice to extend these finding to a DPX-survivin vaccine in a relevant animal model. We showed that mCPA increased the levels of CTL markers in the tumor specifically when combined with a DPX-survivin vaccine, in addition to enhancing the immunogenicity of the vaccine. Together, these models allow us to explore novel immune modulator/ vaccine combinations and provide insight into mechanisms that could result in enhanced anti-tumor activity. Citation Format: Genevieve M. Weir, Neil L. Berinstein, Olga Hrytsenko, Mohan Karkada, Marianne M. Stanford, Marc Mansour. Metronomic cyclophosphamide, when combined with vaccination, increases the immunogenicity of the vaccine and modulates the tumor microenvironment to provide better anti-tumor activity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A84.
The Editor, 'The British Journal of Dermatology'. Recovery from 'yellow nails'
Authors: P. D. Samman
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1967)

Journal Article The Editor, ‘The British Journal of Dermatology’. Recovery from ‘yellow nails’ Get access P. D. Samman P. D. Samman Westminster Hospital, London, S.W.I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 79, Issue 12, 1 December 1967, Pages 729–730, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1967.tb11456.x Published: 01 December 1967
Quantitative studies of the metabolism of chylomicron triglycerides and cholesterol by liver and extrahepatic tissues of sheep and dogs
Authors: E. N. Bergman, R. J. Havel, B. M. Wolfe, T. Bøhmer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Unanesthetized sheep and dogs, previously fitted with indwelling catheters in the aorta, lower vena cava, mesenteric, portal, left hepatic and jugular veins, were given constant intravenous infusions of lymph in which the chylomicron lipids were variously labeled with 3H or 14C. Para-aminohippuric acid was infused into the mesenteric venous catheter for measurement of portal and hepatic venous blood flow. In some animals, alternately labeled free fatty acids bound to albumin were mixed with the lymph to be infused. In both species, chylomicron triglyceride fatty acids were taken up in the region drained by the lower vena cava and portal vein and free fatty acids derived from hydrolysis of these triglycerides were extensively recycled in the blood. Direct uptake of triglyceride fatty acids also occurred in liver and accounted for about 10% of the total triglyceride fatty acids removed from the blood in sheep and 22% in dogs. In sheep, 10% and, in dogs, about 40% of these triglyceride-fatty acids were released into the blood as free fatty acids. The free fatty acids recycled from various regions accounted for a substantial fraction of the chylomicron fat eventually deposited in each tissue. Uptake of chylomicron cholesterol from the blood of sheep occurred primarily in liver and to a small extent in certain tissues drained by the portal vein. The results obtained, together with other available data, demonstrate that chylomicron triglycerides are removed primarily in extrahepatic tissues of both species, while the liver removes cholesterol contained in chylomicron "skeletons" from which most of the triglycerides have been removed. The quantitative differences between transport of chylomicron lipid in sheep and dogs may be related to known differences in the structure of their hepatic sinusoids.
Engineering of bone using bone marrow stromal cells and a silicon-stabilized tricalcium phosphate bioceramic: Evidence for a coupling between bone formation and scaffold resorption
Authors: M. Mastrogiacomo, A. Papadimitropoulos, A. Cedola, F. Peyrin, P. Giannoni, S.G. Pearce, M. Alini, C. Giannini, A. Guagliardi, R. Cancedda
Journal: Biomaterials (2006)
Is mitral regurgitation in congestive heart failure truly functional? Evidence for significant biochemical changes in the valvular extracellular matrix
Authors: Kathryn J. Grande-Allen, Richard W. Troughton, Allen G. Borowski, Penny L. Houghtaling, Nicholas R. DiPaola, Christine S. Moravec, Ivan Vesely, Brian P. Griffin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Radical incision and cutting with an insulation-tipped knife: a new method to treat multiple diaphragmatic strictures of the small intestine
Authors: Yiyang Zhang, Xiaoping Zou, Lei Wang, Xiaoqi Zhang, Ying Lv, Yunhong Li, Tingsheng Ling, Qingshan Pei
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

A 68-year-old Chinese woman presented with nausea, vomiting, and weight loss that had been present for several months. She had undergone esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and colonoscopy examinations, but no positive findings were detected. Upper gastrointestinal radiography revealed a stricture in the upper jejunum. Hence, single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) was performed. She had a history of cerebral infarction, and had been taking aspirin (100 mg daily) for 3 years.
Sports injuries' postal survey: difficulties encountered in assessment of outcome.
Authors: M A Pickard, W M Tullett, A R Patel
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1987)

We present the results of a postal survey on the outcome of sports injuries treated in an Accident and Emergency Department which shows that this is unsuitable for assessing their outcome. There are, however, some points of interest relating to associated morbidity and satisfaction with treatment in the Accident and Emergency Department.
Changes in phosphoinositide turnover in isolated guinea pig hearts stimulated with isoproterenol.
Authors: I Edes, R J Solaro, E G Kranias
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

The incorporation of 32Pi into phospholamban, troponin I, phosphatidylinositols, and inositol trisphosphates was studied in Langendorff-perfused guinea pig hearts stimulated with isoproterenol. Hearts were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing [32P]Pk and freeze-clamped at different times during the positive inotropic response. Exposure of the hearts to 0.1 microM isoproterenol for up to 1 minute was associated with significant (up to threefold) increases in phospholamban and troponin I phosphorylation, but there was no significant increase in 32P incorporation into phospholipids. However, longer exposure (2 minutes or more) to isoproterenol was associated with increases in the degree of 32P labeling of phosphatidylinositols and phosphatidic acid. Examination of 32P labeling of inositol trisphosphates in the same hearts revealed that the radioactivity associated with these compounds decreased with time. The decreases were significant at times of exposure of 2 minutes or longer to beta-adrenergic stimulation. The tissue levels of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate isoform were also measured in hearts perfused with isoproterenol for 3 minutes, and they were found to be significantly lower compared with values obtained in control hearts. The effects of isoproterenol on 32P incorporation into phospholipids and proteins were observed in the presence of prazosin, and they were completely abolished by the beta-receptor blocker propranolol. Examination of the phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C activity in the perfused hearts revealed that isoproterenol stimulation was associated with a decrease in the membrane-associated enzymatic activity at physiological calcium concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Propranolol in the Control of Schizophrenic Symptoms
Authors: N. J. Yorkston, S. A. Zaki, M. K. U. Malik, R. C. Morrison, C. W. H. Havard
Journal: BMJ (1974)

All schizophrenic symptoms remitted completely in six out of 14 adults who had not responded to phenothiazine drugs and who were then given propranolol. Another patient improved markedly and four improved moderately. Two had minimal or transient improvement, and one left hospital unchanged after a short, severe, toxic reaction. The six with complete remissions all began to improve within a few days of starting propranolol and the florid symptoms remitted completely after three to 26 days. They were stabilized on a daily dose of 500-3,500 mg of propranolol and at the time of writing had remained well for up to six months. Two patients who stopped propranolol after their symptoms remitted relapsed severely within a few days. Toxic effects (ataxia, visual hallucinations, and confusional states) were related to the rate of increase rather than to the absolute dose of propranolol. After the procedure was modified unwanted effects were usually mild or absent.
Supervision of Outpatient Drug Therapy with the Medication Monitor
Authors: THOMAS MOULDING
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

The medication monitor is a calendar-marked medication dispenser that includes radioactive material and photographic film to record the regularity with which medication packets are removed. The monitor showed that 31% of 122 supposedly reliable tuberculosis outpatients took less than 70% of their medication for 1 or more months. Income above $8,000 per year correlated with better medication consumption but not sufficiently to fully separate reliable from unreliable patients. Nurses and physicians were only partially able to predict the reliability of patients. With the monitor 28% of patients were identified who required special attention to ensure regular drug ingestion. Control of outpatient chemotherapy led to shorter hospitalization that was beneficial to most patients and saved large sums of money. The medication monitor should be useful to study factors that lead to irregular drug ingestion and to measure the effect of irregular drug ingestion when any medication program is being evaluated on an outpatient basis.
Health, Economics, and the 2012 G8 Summit
Authors: Howard Bauchner, Julio Frenk
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CORRELATION BETWEEN CAROTID INTIMA MEDIA THICKNESS, CAROTID PLAQUE AND CALCIUM SCORE IN ASYMPTOMATIC ASIANS
Authors: Rachel Qiao Ming Ng, Terrance Chua, John Carson Allen, Huilin Koh, Nerissa Rico, Felix YJ Keng, Foong Koon Cheah, Swee Yaw Tan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Genomic imbalances in pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Miguel Verbitsky, Simone Sanna-Cherchi, David A. Fasel, Brynn Levy, Krzysztof Kiryluk, Matthias Wuttke, Alison G. Abraham, Frederick Kaskel, Anna Köttgen, Bradley A. Warady, Susan L. Furth, Craig S. Wong, Ali G. Gharavi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

There is frequent uncertainty in the identification of specific etiologies of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children. Recent studies indicate that chromosomal microarrays can identify rare genomic imbalances that can clarify the etiology of neurodevelopmental and cardiac disorders in children; however, the contribution of unsuspected genomic imbalance to the incidence of pediatric CKD is unknown.We performed chromosomal microarrays to detect genomic imbalances in children enrolled in the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) prospective cohort study, a longitudinal prospective multiethnic observational study of North American children with mild to moderate CKD. Patients with clinically detectable syndromic disease were excluded from evaluation. We compared 419 unrelated children enrolled in CKiD to multiethnic cohorts of 21,575 children and adults that had undergone microarray genotyping for studies unrelated to CKD.We identified diagnostic copy number disorders in 31 children with CKD (7.4% of the cohort). We detected 10 known pathogenic genomic disorders, including the 17q12 deletion HNF1 homeobox B (HNF1B) and triple X syndromes in 19 of 419 unrelated CKiD cases as compared with 98 of 21,575 control individuals (OR 10.8, P = 6.1 × 10⁻²⁰). In an additional 12 CKiD cases, we identified 12 likely pathogenic genomic imbalances that would be considered reportable in a clinical setting. These genomic imbalances were evenly distributed among patients diagnosed with congenital and noncongenital forms of CKD. In the vast majority of these cases, the genomic lesion was unsuspected based on the clinical assessment and either reclassified the disease or provided information that might have triggered additional clinical care, such as evaluation for metabolic or neuropsychiatric disease.A substantial proportion of children with CKD have an unsuspected genomic imbalance, suggesting genomic disorders as a risk factor for common forms of pediatric nephropathy. Detection of pathogenic imbalances has practical implications for personalized diagnosis and health monitoring in this population.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00327860.This work was supported by the NIH, the National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.