tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Brain and Bannister's Clinical Neurology
Authors: Donald J. Dalessio
Journal: JAMA (1992)

The seventh edition of this venerable text follows the preceding edition by seven years. Dr Bannister's name now graces the title, which is altogether appropriate, given his long association with the book over 25 years through the last five editions. The text retains its previous format, a five-part presentation, with the first part devoted to symptoms, signs, and investigation. There follows complete descriptions of neurological diseases, infections, diffuse and systemic disorders, and psychological factors in neurology. A series of color plates is presented midway through the book, and the text is well illustrated throughout, with photographs, tables, and diagrams. Dr Bannister has attempted to make the book readable, and in this he has been successful. Given that he is the sole author, there are no jarring changes in style, which make multiple-author texts less appealing. As noted in my review of the last edition, this is a British text. Some
Assessment of Hepatitis C Viremia Using Molecular Amplification Technologies: Correlations and Clinical Implications
Authors: David R. Gretch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

To compare two recently developed molecular techniques for quantitating the levels of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in the serum of patients with a wide spectrum of chronic hepatitis C.Serum samples from 299 patients with HCV viremia, 101 control patients without HCV infection, and 19 consecutive patients receiving systemic interferon therapy were evaluated by a commercially available branched-chain DNA (bDNA) assay and a quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR).University-based hepatology clinics and reference virology laboratory.Patients with HCV viremia as defined by results of qualitative RNA PCR, including 53 HCV-infected blood donors, 34 patients receiving renal dialysis, and 212 patients attending a hepatology clinic.Results of in vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that the sensitivity and dynamic range of the PCR assays were greater than those of the bDNA assay. Detection of HCV viremia by the bDNA assay was highly dependent on viral RNA titers, with a sensitivity of 5% at HCV RNA titers of 5.0 logs per mL or less and 94% at titers of 5.5 logs per mL or greater. The best correlation between assays was observed in specimens with HCV RNA titers between 6.0 and 7.5 logs per mL (r = 0.73). In patients with high-titer HCV viremia, including liver transplant recipients and patients with cirrhosis, quantitative PCR results were an average of 12-fold higher than bDNA assay results. Results of repetitive testing of discordant specimens showed that these discrepancies were caused by a high kit-to-kit coefficient of variation (112%) in the bDNA assay. Of 19 patients receiving interferon therapy, 9 (47%) became bDNA negative, but only 5 became quantitative PCR negative. The bDNA-negative, quantitative PCR-positive patients all had relapse when therapy was discontinued.The bDNA assay has a narrower linear range for quantitation of HCV viremia than quantitative PCR. Because persons with low HCV titers may respond well to therapy, seropositive persons with negative bDNA results should be retested with PCR-based assays. Similarly, the bDNA assay may underestimate the true degree of HCV viremia in persons with end-stage infection (> 10(7) RNA equivalents/mL of sera). Despite these limitations, the combination of bDNA- and PCR-based assays appears to be optimal for selecting and following patients during interferon therapy.
Encapsulation of beraprost sodium in nanoparticles: Analysis of sustained release properties, targeting abilities and pharmacological activities in animal models of pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Tomoaki Ishihara, Erika Hayashi, Shuhei Yamamoto, Chisa Kobayashi, Yuichi Tamura, Ryoichi Sawazaki, Fumiya Tamura, Kayoko Tahara, Tadashi Kasahara, Tsutomu Ishihara, Mitsuko Takenaga, Keiichi Fukuda, Tohru Mizushima
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Abstract P5-01-13: Flat Epithelial Atypia: Management and outcome in three Dutch teaching hospitals
Authors: PM Ghuijs, B de Vries, LJA Strobbe, CHM van Deurzen, EM Heuts, KBMI Keymeulen, MBI Lobbes, CAP Wauters, KKBT Van de Vijver, ML Smidt
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Flat Epithelial Atypia (FEA) is a presumably neoplastic alteration of terminal duct-lobular units, characterized by the replacement of native luminal epithelium by ductal cells demonstrating low-grade cytologic atypia. The architecture shows stratification of epithelial cells. FEA is often accompanied by microcalcifications and therefore discovered in biopsies following screening mammography. FEA is frequently seen in association with ADH (atypical ductal hyperplasia), DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ), lobular neoplasia and invasive tubular carcinomas. There is emerging evidence suggesting FEA may represent a precursor to DCIS. The risk of subsequent breast carcinoma remains to be defined. The aim of this study is therefore to inventorise the management and outcome of solitary FEA in histological biopsies in three Dutch teaching hospitals. Materials and Methods: Data of this retrospective multicentre study were collected in a database. Local pathology databases were screened with the terms: ‘FEA’, ‘Flat Epithelial Atypia’, ‘columnar atypia’ and Dutch equivalents. Results were manually screened, only including solitary FEA. Patient files were viewed for information on presentation, mammography, ultrasound and management: surgery vs follow-up. In case of excision, definitive pathology was added. Results: We included 103 patients showing only solitary FEA in the primary biopsy. Management of these patients consisted of follow-up for 60 patients (58,3%) and surgery for 43 patients (41,7%, 49 excisions): lumpectomy (42) or mastectomy (7). Reason for choosing mastectomy was preventive in case of contralateral breast cancer or increased familial or genetic risk. Definitive pathology of lumpectomy or mastectomy showed no abnormalities or solitary FEA in 31 patients; other findings were ADH in 7, LCIS in 4 and DCIS in 7 patients. Some patients showed more than one finding. Invasive breast cancer (IBC) was detected in 3 patients. Only one mastectomy showed invasive disease, located in a different lobe, however. No incidents occurred in the follow-up group. Conclusions: No consistent management exists concerning solitary FEA in these three hospitals. Also, one hospital used the diagnosis of FEA inconsistently and interchangingly with other terms. Lack of this study is the retrospective gathering of data, making it difficult to detect the reasons for the chosen management. DCIS or IBC was discovered in 20,4% of all surgical specimens. It was concluded that FEA should be seen as a red flag, indicating the possible presence of a more malignant lesion. Additional research is warranted concerning long term follow-up for this patient group. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-01-13.
Results of a phase III clinical trial with an HBsAg-HBIG immunogenic complex therapeutic vaccine for chronic hepatitis B patients: Experiences and findings
Authors: Dao-Zhen Xu, Xuan-Yi Wang, Xin-Liang Shen, Guo-Zhong Gong, Hong Ren, Li-Min Guo, Ai-Min Sun, Min Xu, Lan-Juan Li, Xin-Hui Guo, Zhen Zhen, Hui-Fen Wang, Huan-Yu Gong, Cheng Xu, Nan Jiang, Chen Pan, Zuo-Jiong Gong, Ji-Ming Zhang, Jia Shang, Jie Xu, Qing Xie, Tie-Feng Wu, Wen-Xiang Huang, Yong-Guo Li, Jing Xu, Zheng-Hong Yuan, Bin Wang, Kai Zhao, Yu-Mei Wen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Selective expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells 2/c1 in human basophils: Evidence for involvement in IgE-mediated IL-4 generation
Authors: John T. Schroeder, Katsushi Miura, Hyun-Hee Kim, Aytul Sin, Antonella Cianferoni, Vincenzo Casolaro
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Abstract 798: Adenomas in Lynch syndrome: Diagnostically useful
Authors: Christophe Rosty, Michael Walsh, Daniel Buchanan, Sven Arnold, Mark Clendenning, Rhiannon Walters, John Hopper, Mark Jenkins, Jeremy Jass, Joanne Young
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Debate continues as to the usefulness of testing adenomas for loss of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins to identify individuals with suspected Lynch syndrome. Several studies have suggested that it is only worthwhile testing large, proximal adenomas exhibiting high grade dysplasia while others report disappointing “hit rates” even from known mutation carriers. Screening of unselected early-onset adenomas for MMR deficiency has yielded disappointing results. Design: We tested 88 adenomas from 49 proven mutation carriers (23 female and 26 male) from 37 Lynch syndrome families (12 MLH1, 21 MSH2, 3 MSH6 and 1 PMS2) enrolled in the Australasian Colorectal Cancer Family Study which is part of the Colon Collaborative Family Registry (C-CFR). The average age of diagnosis of first polyp studied was 49.1 ± 9.6 years (ranging from 30.3 to 72.0 years). All polyps were tested by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the four MMR proteins MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2. In addition, microsatellite instability testing using a panel of 10 markers (incorporating the standard NCI panel) was performed on 69 adenomas. All polyps were subjected to a standard review by one specialist pathologist (JJ). The majority of adenomas included in the present study were tubular adenomas (n = 61), with 22 tubulovillous adenomas, 1 villous adenoma, and 4 traditional serrated adenomas. Results: Overall, abnormal immunohistochemical results (loss of expression) were noted for 73/88 (82.9%) of the adenomas from MMR gene mutation carriers. In all instances, loss of expression was consistent with the underlying germline mutation. MSI testing was concordant with immunohistochemistry in 66/69 (95.6%) cases. There was no statistical difference in patient ages at the time of polypectomy between MMR deficient and intact adenomas (49.6 ± 9.5 yrs vs. 49.8 ± 11.6 yrs). 15/88 (17.1%) polyps demonstrated normal MMR IHC. Six of these polyps came from four individuals who had other polyps which demonstrated abnormal IHC), whilst the remaining nine adenomas came from nine individuals for whom other adenomas had not been tested. Of these 9 cases, however, three had been diagnosed with Lynch syndrome-spectrum tumours which showed appropriate loss of MMR protein(s) Conclusions: Diagnostic testing of adenomas from patients from Lynch syndrome families is a useful alternative in cases where cancers are unavailable. The overwhelming majority (82.9%) of adenomas from carriers show appropriate loss of MMR proteins and a high level of concordant microsatellite instability. We were unable to demonstrate an association between adenoma grade, size or site and MMR deficiency. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 798.
How to Encourage Criminals.
Authors: Charles J. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Chicago, Dec. 26, 1893. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journalof Dec. 23, 1893, Dr. W. P. Howle writes on "How to Manage Criminals." I approve of the publication of such articles by medical men to the end of becoming versed in sociology. Students of medicine are better prepared to give an opinion which approaches to accuracy concerning the health of a given criminal than is the ordinary layman. Perhaps it was for want of space that the Doctor did not define crime, so that we might know who to brand as being wicked and deserving of punishment. Crime is the violation of a statute.<sup>1</sup>A criminal is one who knowingly violates a statute. Since crime is by virtue of statutory enactments, it is pertinent to inquire whether the framers of our laws possessed more of virtue than they who violate them. In the case of William Lloyd Garrison
Barnett Rosenberg: In Memoriam (1924–2009)
Authors: Bruce A. Chabner
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Dr. Barnett Rosenberg, a professor of chemistry and biophysics at Michigan State University since 1961, passed away on August 8, 2009 after a brief illness. Although he was not a cancer researcher by training or by departmental ties, Dr. Rosenberg made a fundamental observation: Platinum salts could
Prosthetic-Valve Dehiscence
Authors: Jose Luis Lopez-Campos, Gerardo Vieyra-Herrera
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

A 33-year-old man with rheumatic heart disease presented with acute chest pain and diaphoresis. Five years earlier, he had undergone replacement of the mitral and aortic valves. EKG showed ST elevation in left-sided leads V8 and V9.
Atrioventricular Node Modification in Patients With Chronic Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Stelios Rokas, Styliani Gaitanidou, Sofia Chatzidou, Costas Pamboucas, Dennis Achtipis, Stamatios Stamatelopoulos
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —This study evaluates the role of RR interval distribution pattern as an outcome predictor of radiofrequency (RF) modification of atrioventricular (AV) node in chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) and attempts to elucidate the likely mechanism of rate control. Methods and Results —Sixty-five patients with chronic AF underwent AV node modification. The RR interval distribution pattern was derived from 24-hour ECG recordings obtained before and after the procedure. The preablation pattern was bimodal (B) in 36 patients (55%) and unimodal (U) in 29 patients (45%). After the modification procedure, the B pattern shifted to U (78%) or became modified B (22%). The mean number of RF pulses delivered and the fluoroscopy time were n=8±5 and 24±11 minutes, respectively, in patients with B pattern versus n=18±7 and 45±17 minutes in patients with U pattern ( P &lt;0.001 for both). The location of successful ablation was posteroseptal and lower midseptal in 26 patients (81%) with B pattern versus 2 (13%) with U pattern ( P &lt;0.001). Mean and maximal ventricular rates and heart rate at peak exercise were reduced after the procedure in both groups ( P &lt;0.001 for all). Long-term success rate, AV block incidence, and pacemaker implantation rate were 89%, 0%, and 8%, respectively, in patients with B pattern versus 52% ( P &lt;0.001), 21% ( P =0.006), and 48% ( P &lt;0.001) in patients with U pattern. Conclusions —RF modification of the AV node is expected to be more effective, safe, and expeditious in patients with chronic AF and B RR interval distribution pattern. Posterior atrionodal input ablation may be the prevailing mechanism of rate control in these patients, whereas U-pattern patients may benefit from partial injury to the AV node.
High definition colonoscopy combined with <i>i</i>-Scan is superior in the detection of colorectal neoplasias compared with standard video colonoscopy: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: A. Hoffman, F. Sar, M. Goetz, A. Tresch, J. Mudter, S. Biesterfeld, P. Galle, M. Neurath, R. Kiesslich
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

See also: Commentaire de travail de A. Hoffman et al., pp. 827Endoscopy 2010; 42(10): 883-883DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291882
Welsh NHS heads for £32m deficit
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

NHS Wales is heading for a deficit of £32m (€46m: $56m), it was reported last week.

The auditor general for Wales, Jeremy Colman, has announced that Welsh NHS trusts are predicting they will have overspent by £26m in the financial year 2005-6, with Health Commission Wales—the executive agency of the Welsh Assembly government that advises NHS Wales on commissioning services—predicting its own deficit of a further £10m. Mr Colman has warned that things could get worse before they get better.

The …
Choosing NSAID Therapy
Authors: J Woodland
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

peritoneal serositis.In the first patient pericarditis also developed and resulted in the formation of a pericardial effusion.This is often the earliest cardiac abnormality to occur and, as in this case, is usually not severe enough to produce any haemodynamic disturbance.3The ascites and pericardial effusion both resolved completely on corticosteroid treat- ment and did not recur.In the second case an exploratory laparotomy failed to show any other cause for her ascites which persisted for three years until her death from bronchopneumonia.It has been stated that painless ascites occurs in SLE only when secondary to cardiac, hepatic, or renal disorders and when other features of disease Ascites in systemic lupus erythematosus 779 are present.However, this is not always the case, and it is important to consider SLE in the differen- tial diagnosis of any patient who presents with painless ascites.We are grateful to Dr C W H Havard for permission to report on these patients who were under his care.
Changes to hepatocyte ploidy and binuclearity profiles during human chronic viral hepatitis
Authors: H Toyoda
Journal: Gut (2005)

<b>Background and aim:</b> The importance of the hepatocyte ploidisation pattern to the control of cell proliferation and differentiation has been well established. However, there are no data that have characterised hepatocyte ploidy at various stages of chronic liver inflammation and fibrosis in vivo. <b>Methods:</b> We therefore investigated hepatocyte ploidy/binuclearity patterns in 57 patients with chronic hepatitis, using a recently developed methodology which allows simultaneous hepatocyte ploidy and binuclearity analyses on the same liver section. <b>Results:</b> The percentage of mononuclear diploid hepatocytes was significantly reduced in patients with high hepatitis activity and marked fibrosis (low activity: 75.1 (18.8)% <i>v</i> high activity: 61.8 (21.6)%, p = 0.0111, and low fibrosis: 77.3 (13.8)% <i>v</i> high fibrosis: 57.4 (23.3)%, p = 0.0002). Accordingly, the percentage of mononuclear polyploid hepatocytes increased in patients with high hepatitis activity and marked fibrosis (low activity: 11.9 (15.5)% <i>v</i> high activity: 22.2 (20.1)%, p = 0.0166, and low fibrosis: 9.4 (10.7)% <i>v</i> high fibrosis: 26.4 (21.6)%, p = 0.0001). In addition, the fraction of binuclear hepatocytes was significantly higher in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) than in those with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections (HBV: 18.2 (7.6)% <i>v</i> HCV: 12.0 (4.8)%; p = 0.0020). Under multivariate analysis, HBV infection was an independent factor accounting for the larger binuclear hepatocyte fraction (p = 0.0294). <b>Conclusion:</b> Our results revealed an increase in the polyploid hepatocyte fraction which correlates with the severity of chronic hepatitis; moreover, we demonstrated that HBV and HCV related chronic hepatitis exhibited distinctive hepatocyte ploidy patterns, thus allowing the suggestion that these two viral infections may modulate liver ploidy through different mechanisms.
Diazepam and neuromuscular blocking drugs.
Authors: S N Webb, E G Bradshaw
Journal: BMJ (1971)

BRmTIsH MEDICAL JOuRNAL 1 sEPTEMBER 1971 applicable, cheap, harmless, and rapidly executed even by persons with very little medical training.If, as is hoped, the test proves to be an efficient screening method I feel it would be logical to introduce it on a much wider scale.Cystic fibrosis is more common than phenylketonuria and screening for this is certainly more expensive in time and money than the method described for cystic fibrosis.-Iam, etc.,
The t(14;18)(q32;q21)/IGH-MALT1 translocation in MALT lymphomas contains templated nucleotide insertions and a major breakpoint region similar to follicular and mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Eva Maria Murga Penas, Evelyne Callet-Bauchu, Hongtao Ye, Sophie Gazzo, Françoise Berger, Georgia Schilling, Nadine Albert-Konetzny, Eik Vettorazzi, Gilles Salles, Iwona Wlodarska, Ming-Qing Du, Carsten Bokemeyer, Judith Dierlamm
Journal: Blood (2009)
Ethylenebisdithiocarbamates and ethylenethiourea: possible human health hazards.
Authors: P Houeto, G Bindoula, J R Hoffman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Humans are exposed to ethylenebisdithiocarbamates (EBDCs) from environmental sources. Exposure to EBDCs is chronic for workers in a variety of industries, where EBDCs are used for their properties as slimicides, vulcanization accelerators, antioxidants, and scavengers in waste-water treatment. EBDCs, and particularly the EBDC metabolite ethylenethiourea, have clearly defined, important toxic effects in various animal species, and there is reason to suspect they are carcinogenic in humans. In the absence of definitive information regarding human risk, further studies need to be done. In the interim, regular surveillance of workers with high levels of exposure to EBDCs, with specific attention to markers of thyroid and hepatic pathology, should be considered.
Efficacy of galectins in the amelioration of nephrotoxic serum nephritis in Wistar Kyoto rats
Authors: Yoshinori Tsuchiyama, Jun Wada, Hong Zhang, Yoshitaka Morita, Keita Hiragushi, Kazuyuki Hida, Kenichi Shikata, Masahiro Yamamura, Yashpal S. Kanwar, Hirofumi Makino
Journal: Kidney International (2000)
Apgar score and risk of cerebral palsy
Authors: N. Paneth
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Low scores are strongly associated with cerebral palsy and its subtypes

The first large study of Apgar score at birth and the risk of cerebral palsy was the US National Collaborative Perinatal Project. It found that most cases of cerebral palsy occurred in children with normal Apgar scores; that the risk of cerebral palsy was strongly related to an Apgar score lower than 4 in normal weight infants, especially when the low score was prolonged; and that low Apgar scores were less predictive of cerebral palsy in low birthweight infants⇓.1 



Library of Congress/Science Photo Library

In the linked study (doi:10.1136/bmj.c4990), Lie and colleagues confirm—in a Norwegian dataset 10 times larger (540 000 children)—all of these findings but add the new observation that the risk of cerebral palsy by Apgar score depends on the type of cerebral palsy. Hemiplegia was 10 times more common in babies with Apgar score less than 4, diplegia 22 times more common, but quadriplegia 137 times more common.2 

Although the nature of the insult or insults in cerebral palsy is still unclear, …
Irritable Bowel, Mitral Valve Prolapse, and Associated Conditions-Reply
Authors: Lee Sataline
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In Reply.—  I am most grateful to the many physicians who wrote advocating a possible relationship between IBS and MVPS. Many underlying causes were suggested, ranging from electrolyte imbalance to monosodium glutamate intolerance.  I am unfamiliar with LTS as described by Galland et al. The association of bladder and bowel dysfunction with vascular headaches as reported by Cohen et al may represent a generalized smooth-muscle dysmotility disorder.  I thank Dr Thompson for his comments and appreciate his long-established interest in IBS. However, to dismiss the possible relationship of IBS with MVPS by citing the frequent association of IBS with peptic ulcer, diverticulosis, and inflammatory bowel disease is not appropriate, since these latter entities are acquired diseases occurring in someone with IBS. Similarly, Saint's triad relates to three coexisting pathological conditions.  Irritable bowel syndrome and MVPS are probably congenital and hereditary. While MVPS may be documented by echocardiography, neither it nor
Endoscopic Transurethral Resection in the Treatment of Destructive Chronic Prostatitis
Authors: G. Mobilio, S. Cunico, G. Anselmo
Journal: Endoscopy (1976)

Destructive chronic prostatitis does not respond to medical therapy and requires surgical treatment. Compared to open surgery, endoscopic transurethral resection (TUR) is more complete and is performed under direct visual control. For satisfactory results resection must include the most peripheral and caudal zones of the prostate. In our department 11 patients with destructive chronic prostatitis were treated with TUR with uniformly excellent results.