tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Granulomatous (Fiedler's) Myocarditis with Extracardiac Involvement
Authors: William H. Long
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Isolated myocarditis is a rare condition, described by Fiedler in 1900, which commonly ends in sudden death. By definition, demonstrable lesions are limited to the heart, but cases of extracardiac involvement are known. One more case of granulomatous myocarditis is reported here. The patient was a 54-year-old housewife who had a series of fainting spells associated with various mental disturbances and one episode of incontinence. Death came suddenly, less than three weeks after the first attack. Postmortem exmination revealed granulomatous lesions in the heart and also in the lungs. Certain resemblances between granulomatous myocarditis and sarcoidosis as to symptoms and microscopic changes suggest a relation between the two conditions, but this remains unsettled.
315 HCV-RNA DECLINE IN THE FIRST 48 HOURS IDENTIFIES HCV MONOINFECTED AND HCV/HIV COINFECTED PATIENTS WITH RVR AT WEEK 4 OF PEGINTERFERON-ALPHA-2A/RIBAVIRIN THERAPY
Authors: J.E. Arends, J. Cohen Stuart, L.C. Baak, M.E. van der Ende, K.J. van Erpecum, G.J. Boland, D. van Baarle, I.M. Hoepelman
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Gene Therapy for Diabetes: Metabolic Effects of Helper-dependent Adenoviral Exendin 4 Expression in a Diet-induced Obesity Mouse Model
Authors: Susan L Samson, Erica V Gonzalez, Vijay Yechoor, Mandeep Bajaj, Kazuhiro Oka, Lawrence Chan
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

Exendin 4 (Ex4) is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP- 1R) agonist which is available as a short-acting injectable treatment for type 2 diabetes. Our aim was to characterize the long-term effects of elevated steady-state levels of Ex4 provided by in vivo gene therapy. We constructed a helper-dependent adenoviral (HDAd) vector for long-term expression of Ex4 in vivo. A high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model was chosen to approximate the metabolic derangements seen in obese patients. Mice were treated with a single injection of HDAd-Ex4 and were monitored for 15 weeks. Both hepatic Ex4 RNA and plasma Ex4 were detectable at the end of the study. HDAd-Ex4 treatment improved glucose homeostasis without increasing insulin levels. However, there was evidence of enhanced insulin action and decreased gluconeogenic enzyme expression. HDAd-Ex4 caused decreased weight gain without detectable changes in food intake, in part, due to increases in energy expenditure (EE). HDAd-Ex4 DIO mice also had reduced hepatic fat and an improved adipokine profile. In the liver, there was decreased expression of genes that were involved in de novo fatty acid synthesis. These observations are important in considering the development of longer acting GLP-1R agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Persistently high quality of life conferred by coexisting congenital deficiency of terminal complement C9 in a paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria patient
Authors: Nobuyoshi Hanaoka, Yoshiko Murakami, Masahide Nagata, Shoichi Nagakura, Yuji Yonemura, Takashi Sonoki, Taroh Kinoshita, Hideki Nakakuma
Journal: Blood (2012)
Evolutionary History of “Early-Diverging” Eukaryotes: The Excavate Taxon Carpediemonas is a Close Relative of Giardia1
Authors: Alastair G. B. Simpson, Andrew J. Roger, Jeffrey D. Silberman, Detlef D. Leipe, Virginia P. Edgcomb, Lars S. Jermiin, David J. Patterson, Mitchell L. Sogin
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2002)

Diplomonads, such as Giardia, and their close relatives retortamonads have been proposed as early-branching eukaryotes that diverged before the acquisition-retention of mitochondria, and they have become key organisms in attempts to understand the evolution of eukaryotic cells. In this phylogenetic study we focus on a series of eukaryotes suggested to be relatives of diplomonads on morphological grounds, the "excavate taxa". Phylogenies of small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) genes, alpha-tubulin, beta-tubulin, and combined alpha- + beta-tubulin all scatter the various excavate taxa across the diversity of eukaryotes. But all phylogenies place the excavate taxon Carpediemonas as the closest relative of diplomonads (and, where data are available, retortamonads). This novel relationship is recovered across phylogenetic methods and across various taxon-deletion experiments. Statistical support is strongest under maximum-likelihood (ML) (when among-site rate variation is modeled) and when the most divergent diplomonad sequences are excluded, suggesting a true relationship rather than an artifact of long-branch attraction. When all diplomonads are excluded, our ML SSU rRNA tree actually places retortamonads and Carpediemonas away from the base of the eukaryotes. The branches separating excavate taxa are mostly not well supported (especially in analyses of SSU rRNA data). Statistical tests of the SSU rRNA data, including an "expected likelihood weights" approach, do not reject trees where excavate taxa are constrained to be a clade (with or without parabasalids and Euglenozoa). Although diplomonads and retortamonads lack any mitochondria-like organelle, Carpediemonas contains double membrane-bounded structures physically resembling hydrogenosomes. The phylogenetic position of Carpediemonas suggests that it will be valuable in interpreting the evolutionary significance of many molecular and cellular peculiarities of diplomonads.
Every extracontractual referral is a jewel
Authors: E. Pugh, D. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Commissioning complementary medicineEvaluations ofefficacy oftreatments should be consistent ED1TOR,-In his editorial lain Smith calls for research to obtain evidence of the efficacy of complementary procedures, and we agree that "the burden of proof should be no greater, or less, than for mainstream medicine."'In the next paragraph, however, he says that randomised controlled trials "may fail to allow for the holistic effect that is central to the philosophy of most complementary therapies" and that "the beneficial effects are often so obvious, the side effects so rare and mild, and the duration of effect so variable after even a single exposure that perhaps observational, studies may be enough to prove benefit."He then cites Black, who quotes defibrillation for ventricular fibrillation as an example of a treatment with an impact so large that observational data are sufficient to show it.2We are unconvinced by this argument.In con- ventional medicine the mildness of side effects or variability in the duration of effects would not be accepted as an excuse for not using a randomised controlled trial to prove efficacy.We cannot think of any complementary treatment that has an impact comparable to that of defibrillation or in which holistic considerations prohibit the use of a randomised controlled trial to prove efficacy, but Smith says that this is "often" the case.Could he please suggest a few examples of complementary treatments that cannot be tested by such trials for the reasons he gives?
In vivo proof of concept of oral insulin delivery based on a co-administration strategy with the cell-penetrating peptide penetratin
Authors: Ebbe Juel Bech Nielsen, Shinya Yoshida, Noriyasu Kamei, Ruisha Iwamae, El-Sayed Khafagy, Jørgen Olsen, Ulrik Lytt Rahbek, Betty Lomstein Pedersen, Kozo Takayama, Mariko Takeda-Morishita
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Serum hepatitis after open-heart surgery
Authors: E. Lockey, Y. Cossart, L. Gonzalez-Lavin
Journal: Thorax (1973)

Ten cases of serum hepatitis occurring after open-heart surgery at the National Heart Hospital, London are reported. The incidence seemed to be rising and was at least 2% before antigen-screened blood became available. Investigation of 135 patients for the presence of Australia antigen and antibody showed that five (3·7%) had responses to exposure to the infective agent. All were and remained clinically well, but such patients may constitute a source of infection. Since tested blood has been used no hepatitis cases have been recognized.
Differential Destruction of Stem Cells: Implications for Targeted Cancer Stem Cell Therapy
Authors: Mary E. Sehl, Janet S. Sinsheimer, Hua Zhou, Kenneth L. Lange
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Cancer stem cells represent a novel therapeutic target. The major challenge in targeting leukemic stem cells (LSC) is finding therapies that largely spare normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) while eradicating quiescent LSCs. We present a mathematical model to predict how selective a therapy must be to ensure that enough HSCs survive when LSCs have been eradicated. Stem cell population size is modeled as a birth-death process. This permits comparison of LSC and HSC eradication times under therapy and calculation of the number of HSCs at the time of LSC eradication for varied initial population sizes and stem cell death rates. We further investigate the effects of LSC quiescence and resistance mutations on our predictions. From a clinical point of view, our models suggest criteria by which cancer stem cell therapy safety can be assessed. We anticipate that in conjunction with experimental observation of cancer stem cell killing rates, our results will be useful in screening targeted therapies for both hematologic and solid tumor malignancies.
Hyperactivation of p21ras and PI3K cooperate to alter murine and human neurofibromatosis type 1–haploinsufficient osteoclast functions
Authors: Feng-Chun Yang, Shi Chen, Alexander G. Robling, Xijie Yu, Todd D. Nebesio, Jincheng Yan, Trent Morgan, Xiaohong Li, Jin Yuan, Janet Hock, David A. Ingram, D. Wade Clapp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

Individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) have a high incidence of osteoporosis and osteopenia. However, understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of these sequelae is incomplete. Osteoclasts are specialized myeloid cells that are the principal bone-resorbing cells of the skeleton. We found that Nf1(+/-) mice contain elevated numbers of multinucleated osteoclasts. Both osteoclasts and osteoclast progenitors from Nf1(+/-) mice were hyperresponsive to limiting concentrations of M-CSF and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) levels. M-CSF-stimulated p21(ras)-GTP and Akt phosphorylation was elevated in Nf1(+/-) osteoclasts associated with gains of function in survival, proliferation, migration, adhesion, and lytic activity. These gains of function are associated with more severe bone loss following ovariectomy as compared with that in syngeneic WT mice. Intercrossing Nf1(+/-) mice and mice deficient in class 1(A) PI3K (p85alpha) restored elevated PI3K activity and Nf1(+/-) osteoclast functions to WT levels. Furthermore, in vitro-differentiated osteoclasts from NF1 patients also displayed elevated Ras/PI3K activity and increased lytic activity analogous to those in murine Nf1(+/-) osteoclasts. Collectively, our results identify a what we believe to be a novel cellular and biochemical NF1-haploinsufficient phenotype in osteoclasts that has potential implications for the pathogenesis of NF1 bone disease.
Screening overseas students for tuberculosis
Authors: S Sebugwawo, G H Stewart, J R Catterall, M Kirkup, A V J Butler
Journal: BMJ (1995)

differing natural courses,' and their inclusion could require intolerable variations in manage- ment.The hospice environment may seem more dis- tressing for patients with diseases other than cancer; moreover, if such patients were treated in hospices, patients with cancer might have greater difficulties with body image and in accepting the inconsistency of more active management being given for non-malignant diseases.5Hospices are deliberately not generally equipped to deliver such management so that overmedicalisation of terminal care is avoided.Presently hospices see only about half of patients with cancer, which leaves little scope for the needs of a wider population (estimated at 150% extra bed days required for patients with diseases other than cancer6).Hospice-style input for non-malignant diseases remains equally important but requires appro- priate provision in addition to traditional hospices.Adequate community services could also meet much of this need.Hospices offer quality rather than quantity and should not be seen as an easy and cheaper option for providing care for patients with terminal disease as if they were a homogeneous group.
PMO-004 Do we need propofol sedation and a cytologist present during endoscopic ultrasound? Initial experience from a UK centre
Authors: A D Hopper, A Irvine, R Vinayagam, A Dube
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is a prolonged procedure using endoscopes nearly twice the diameter of a standard gastroscope and relies on a compliant still patient to obtain images and fine needle aspiration (FNA) samples. Propofol or anaesthetic delivered sedation is used to ensure procedure success and tolerability in many international centres with in-room cytology expertise to optimise the yield of FNA. This practice is potentially costly and labour intensive. We retrospectively and prospectively examined tolerability, completion and FNA accuracy in a recently expanded EUS centre in the UK using midazolam and fentanyl sedation only and no in room cytologist. <h3>Methods</h3> Electronic array radial and linear ultrasound scopes with FNA procedures were available to our centre from July 2010. A cytology processing methodology was used with complete expulsion of FNA material into a “cytorich red” medium with no in room slide processing or viewing. A standard three FNA passes was used for pancreatic masses (20 ml suction) and lymph nodes (0–10 ml suction). Accuracy was calculated with follow-up of patients for &gt;3 months for specimens. Also from this time analysis of sedation used, procedure success and any reversal agent/respiratory support required was documented. From 1 September 2011 patients undergoing EUS and gastroscopy examinations were invited to complete questionnaires to score pain during the procedure. <h3>Results</h3> From 1 July 2010 until 31 December 2011 450 EUS procedures were performed. 11 were incomplete and all due to luminal stricture formation only. FNA was performed in 126 patients. Accuracy for all lesions was 84.9%, and for solid pancreatic tumours 82.4% (n=68). Midazolam use ranged from 0 to 10 mg (mean 3.44 median 4) and fentanyl use ranged from 0 to 200 μg (mean 67.9; median 50). No reversal agent was used and no patients required any assisted ventilation. Prospective recruitment from 1 September 2011 included 49 patients which participated for EUS. The mean procedure time was 19.5 min (range 8–35), mean pain score during the procedure was 2.26/10 (range 0–9 median 2), and the average dose of sedation was 3.45 mg midazolam and 72.8 μg fentanyl. During the same time period 75 consecutive patients undergoing gastroscopy participated. There was no difference in the average pain score during the procedure compared to EUS: mean=2.6/10 (t test p=0.36) (mean procedure time=6.7 min; sedation given in 14/75; mean=3.3 mg midazolam). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Despite prolonged procedure duration and large scope diameter, EUS procedures are safely and well tolerated with midazolam and fentanyl sedation. A high FNA accuracy can be achieved without a cytologist present in the room. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID IN SYPHILIS
Authors: CHARLES F. WHITE, HUGH BARBER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1919)

Journal Article THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID IN SYPHILIS Get access CHARLES F. WHITE, M.B., CHARLES F. WHITE, M.B. Major, Royal Army Medical Corps; Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar HUGH BARBER, M.D. HUGH BARBER, M.D. Capt., Royal Army Medical Corps (T.C.) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 31, Issue 1, 1 January 1919, Pages 5–28, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1919.tb09687.x Published: 01 January 1919
Wrong-Side Thoracentesis
Authors: Kristen E. Miller, Maisha Mims, Douglas E. Paull, Linda Williams, Julia Neily, Peter D. Mills, Caryl Z. Lee, Robin R. Hemphill
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Despite the recognized value of the Joint Commission's Universal Protocol and the implementation of time-outs, incorrect surgical procedures are still among the most common types of sentinel events and can have fatal consequences.To examine a root cause analysis database for reported wrong-side thoracenteses and to determine the contributing factors associated with their occurrence.We searched the National Center for Patient Safety database for wrong-side thoracenteses performed in ambulatory clinics and hospital units other than the operating room reported from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2011.Data extracted included patient factors, clinical features, team structure and function, adherence to bottom-line patient safety measures, complications, and outcomes.Fourteen cases of wrong-side thoracenteses are identified. Contributing factors included failure to perform a time-out (n=12), missing indication of laterality on the patient's consent form (n=10), absence of a site mark on the patient's skin within the sterile field (n=12), and absent verification of medical images (n=7). Complications included pneumothoraces (n=4), hemorrhage (n=3), and death directly attributable to the wrong-side thoracentesis (n=2). Teamwork and communication failure, unawareness of existing policy, and a deficit in training and education were the most common root causes of wrong-side thoracentesis.Prevention of wrong-site procedures and accompanying patient harm outside the operating room requires adherence to the Universal Protocol and time-outs, effective teamwork, training and education, mentoring, and patient assessment for early detection of complications. The time-outs provide protected time and place for error detection and recovery.
URIC ACID LEVEL IS A PREDICTOR OF CORONARY COLLATERAL DEVELOPMENT IN PATIENTS WITH NON ST SEGMENT ELEVATION ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Authors: MEHMET KAYA, AHMET KASAPKARA, BAHADIR SARLI, ALI DOGAN, TUGRUL INANC, MUSTAFA DURAN, ABDURRAHMAN OGUZHAN, RAMAZAN TOPSAKAL
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Abstract IA25: Linking genetic features of human cancers and histone-modifying enzymes for future cancer therapies
Authors: Stuart L. Schreiber
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Small-molecular therapeutics targeting chromatin-modifying enzymes offer promise for future treatment of cancers, but the most suitable ways to use such agents is still largely unknown. This lecture will explore several avenues of research aimed at advancing chromatin-based therapeutics, including the identification of cancer genetic dependencies involving chromatin, the creation of new cancer dependencies by altering cell states through chromatin modifications, and the discovery of novel small molecules that alter chromatin states. Citation Format: Stuart L. Schreiber. Linking genetic features of human cancers and histone-modifying enzymes for future cancer therapies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr IA25.
Mucociliary clearance in patients with cystic fibrosis and in normal subjects.
Authors: J A Regnis, M Robinson, D L Bailey, P Cook, P Hooper, H K Chan, I Gonda, G Bautovich, P T Bye
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The aim of this study was to examine baseline mucociliary clearance (MCC) in patients with cystic fibrosis (n = 30; mean +/- SEM age, 23 +/- 1 yr; FEV1, 68 +/- 5% pred; range, 14 to 126%) and a group of normal subjects (n = 12; mean age, 27 +/- 1 yr) after an aerosol deposition of 99mTc-sulphur colloid (mass median diameter, 4.8 microns; geometric standard deviation, 1.6). Dynamic geometric mean images were formed from gamma camera data, and the percent clearance of activity after 60 min (%C60) was calculated for the whole right lung. Initial deposition of the aerosol was determined in terms of the penetration index, the ratio of peripheral to central activity. For normal subjects, an increase in mean inspiratory flow rate (MIFR) (49 +/- 5 versus 21 +/- 3 L/min, p < 0.05) resulted in an increase in whole right lung MCC (%C60, 31 +/- 4 versus 18 +/- 2%; p < 0.05). When aerosol delivery was controlled (MIFR, 34 +/- 5 versus 36 +/- 5 L/min), there was excellent reproducibility between studies (whole lung %C60, 34 +/- 8 versus 31 +/- 7; NS). The measurement of MCC was highly reproducible in six patients studied on four occasions with a mean coefficient of variation of 3.3 +/- 1%. A breathing pattern to accentuate central deposition was utilized in the patient studies (MIFR, 49 +/- 4 L/min).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Metoclopramide and Exercise-Induced Nausea-Reply
Authors: Markus Goldschmiedt
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We thank Dr Berndtson very much for his comments. As we mentioned before, the use of an antiemetic agent prior to exercise in an attempt to reduce or prevent nausea and emesis is reasonable. However, whether exercise affects gastric emptying is controversial.<sup>1-5</sup>Thus, it is uncertain that the beneficial effect of metoclopramide in his patient was related to its prokinetic effect counteracting "presumed gastric stasis." Results of controlled studies are eagerly awaited.
CROSS-REACTIVITY OF ANTI-KLEBSIELLA K43 BTS 1 SERUM AND LYMPHOCYTES OF PATIENTS WITH ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS: ANTIPODEAN CURIOSITY?
Authors: A.F. Geczy, J.K. Prendergast, L.E. Mcguigan, L.I. Upfold, J.S. Sullivan
Journal: The Lancet (1985)
LETHAL CARDIAC ANAPHYLAXIS IN THE RABBIT
Authors: J. Auer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1911)

Acute lethal anaphylaxis in the intact rabbit is caused by a failure of the heart. This failure of the heart is due to a change in the heart itself; it is peripheral and independent of the central nervous system for its production. This change in the heart is shown anatomically and functionally by decreased translucency, change in consistency, and by failure to respond to stimuli, and is probably to be classed as a chemical rigor. The rigor of the heart is most pronounced in the right ventricle, the wall of which may be gray, stiff, very tough to the finger nail, and non-irritable. Cardiac stimulants of the digitalis group seem to exert a harmful effect when injected in acute anaphylaxis. Blood coagulation is delayed; a loose clot forms after one half to two hours. Anti-anaphylaxis is produced when the animal does not succumb to the injection. When anaphylactic death is delayed for about one hour, a well developed rigor of the white muscles of the thigh, and of the diaphragm may occur while the animal is still alive. Reasons are brought forward to show the necessity of more caution in employing the word anaphylaxis. Friedberger's statement, that the lungs of guinea pigs dead from acute anaphylaxis are not characteristic of anaphylaxis for this animal, is shown to be baseless.