tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PCB-Related Alteration of Thyroid Hormones and Thyroid Hormone ReceptorGene Expression in Free-Ranging Harbor Seals ( <i>Phoca vitulina</i> )
Authors: Maki Tabuchi, Nik Veldhoen, Neil Dangerfield, Steven Jeffries, Caren C. Helbing, Peter S. Ross
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Persistent organic pollutants are environmental contaminants that, because of their lipophilic properties and long half-lives, bioaccumulate within aquatic food webs and often reach high concentrations in marine mammals, such as harbor seals (Phoca vitulina). Exposure to these contaminants has been associated with developmental abnormalities, immunotoxicity, and reproductive impairment in marine mammals and other high-trophic-level wildlife, mediated via a disruption of endocrine processes. The highly conserved thyroid hormones (THs) represent one vulnerable endocrine end point that is critical for metabolism, growth, and development in vertebrates. We characterized the relationship between contaminants and specific TH receptor (TR) gene expression in skin/blubber biopsy samples, as well as serum THs, from free-ranging harbor seal pups (n = 39) in British Columbia, Canada, and Washington State, USA. We observed a contaminant-related increase in blubber TR-alpha gene expression [total polychlorinated biphenyls (capital sigmaPCBs); r = 0.679; p < 0.001] and a concomitant decrease in circulating total thyroxine concentrations (capital sigmaPCBs; r = -0.711; p < 0.001) . Consistent with results observed in carefully controlled laboratory and captive feeding studies, our findings suggest that the TH system in harbor seals is highly sensitive to disruption by environmental contaminants. Such a disruption not only may lead to adverse effects on growth and development but also could have important ramifications for lipid metabolism and energetics in marine mammals.
Complication of internal jugular venepuncture.
Authors: G A Matthews
Journal: BMJ (1973)

JouRNAL 24 EBRuAY 1973 48 bacilli are not quite as rare as people might imagine.With a relatively low level of immunization among those most at risk, the appear- ance of a highly virulent strain could again give rise to an outbreak, the first few cases of which might well be diagnosed at necropsy.Until we know the precise reasons for the decline of diphtheria in the United Kingdom we should be cautious of writing its obituary.-Weare, etc.,
Myositis and swollen knees: disease or treatment complication?
Authors: I Haq
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Interesting and unusual causes of knee pain in three patients with idiopathic inflammmatory myositis seen in the clinic over the past 12 months are reported. Their clinical features are described and treatment discussed emphasising the importance of being able to differentiate between a manifestation of the rheumatic disease and a treatment complication. Publications on this topic are also reviewed.
Mitral annular geometric changes after the implantation of a left ventricular shape changing device: a real-time three-dimensional echocardiograpic study in canine with dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hua Yang, Takahiro Shiota, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Lisa A. Cardon, Masami Takagaki, Kiyotaka Fukamachi, Yoshie Ochiai, Kazuyoshi Doi, Patrick M. McCarthy, James D. Thomas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
High urine IP-10 levels associate with chronic HCV infection
Authors: Linda Petrone, Teresa Chiacchio, Valentina Vanini, Elisa Petruccioli, Gilda Cuzzi, Cristina Di Giacomo, Luigia Pucci, Marzia Montalbano, Raffaella Lionetti, Angela Testa, Daniele Lapa, Assunta Navarra, Ubaldo Visco-Comandini, Delia Goletti
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)
The Alcohol Prescription-Reply
Authors: Robert G. Niven
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> It is difficult to respond to all of Mr Meister's implications since they are largely based on erroneous or inappropriate assumptions. Several points, however, need clarification. I did not fail in an attempt to write a "prescription for society" since I made no such attempt. I stand by my comments that physicians should not prescribe beverage alcohol; I believe that they would do well to apply the same risk-benefit assessment to the use of this drug that they do with other psychoactive drugs. Mr Meister offers no convincing arguments to refute my position. I also made no statements about "zero-risk situations." Since I am not certain there are zero-risk situations it seems advisable to recommend consumption for those who drink be limited to low-risk situations, a position that I sincerely hope Mr Meister and others in the alcohol beverage industry would adopt. I am not quick to assume that "beverages" rather than individuals
D-Lactic Acidosis Due to Abnormal Gut Flora
Authors: Lawrence Stolberg, Rial Rolfe, Norman Gitlin, Jeffrey Merritt, Lewis Mann, Jean Linder, Sydney Finegold
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

METABOLIC acidosis caused by D-lactic acid, the optical isomer of L-lactic acid, was recently described by Oh et al. in a patient with a short-bowel syndrome.1 We encountered a similar condition in two patients with prior gut surgery. One patient had undergone an extensive small-bowel resection after mesenteric infarction, and the other had had a jejunoileal bypass for obesity. These patients presented with repeated episodes of stupor or coma, metabolic acidosis with an increased anion gap, normal plasma levels of L-lactate, and elevated plasma levels of D-lactate. Treatment with oral vancomycin resulted in normalization of the neurologic and metabolic status. . . .
Can the prevalence of disease risk factors be assessed from general practice records?
Authors: D Mant, A Phillips
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The result of an audit of the recording of smoking habit, alcohol consumption, blood pressure level, diet, exercise, height, weight, and occupation in patients in five general practices is reported. This audit was the first phase of a study to assess the feasibility of the exchange of information between general practice and a district health authority. The frequency with which each item was recorded varied from 3% (exercise) to 65% (blood pressure) in a five year period. The sample of patients upon whom a recording had been made was shown to be unrepresentative of the practice population: this presents a difficulty in using general practice records to estimate the prevalence of risk factors for disease in the community.
Splenomegaly and Percussion: Is the Background Noise Due to Tongue in Cheek?-Reply
Authors: Steven A. Grover
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In Reply.  —Dr Rosenman may be quite correct that an expert in the magical art of percussion requires a soft touch, a sharp ear, and a tongue in cheek. However, we believe that our review of the bedside assessment of splenomegaly dealt not with the art of percussion, but with the science for which a tongue in cheek can only introduce background noise that obscures the truth.  In reviewing clinical studies objectively evaluating the precision and accuracy of percussion and palpation, we hoped to provide a rational set of guidelines that identified the clinical situations where these bedside maneuvers might be useful to diagnose splenic enlargement. Just as important, we also identified clinical scenarios in which these maneuvers are probably of little clinical value, such as ruling out splenomegaly.  Accordingly, we agree with Rosenman that the art of percussion is best practiced by drum players. However, we believe there remains
Renal Toxicity of Oral Cholecystographic Media
Authors: John E. Wennberg
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Endogenous creatinine clearances were performed before and after the administration of bunamiodyl sodium and iopanoic acid in 31 subjects. Bunamiodyl sodium caused significant depression of endogenous creatinine clearance when given in a single 4.5-gm dose in four of seven patients. One patient became transiently oliguric. Iopanoic acid when given in multiple doses appeared to cause some depression in creatinine clearance; however, changes were not as frequent nor as profound as those seen following a single exposure to bunamiodyl sodium. Two cases of acute renal failure following bunamiodyl sodium were described; one case ended fatally, and at autopsy birefringent crystals containing calcium oxalate were found in the renal tissue. There was no associated chronic hepatic or renal disease in any of these patients.
Management of Overactive Bladder
Authors: Joseph G Ouslander
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Symptoms of overactive bladder are common, are often distressing, and may have serious adverse consequences. Myriad factors — disorders of the lower urinary tract, neurologic conditions, behavioral factors, and a variety of commonly prescribed drugs — may cause this syndrome. This review considers the pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, and current treatment of overactive bladder syndrome.
Abstract P1-01-24: Preoperative ultrasound staging of the axilla superfluous peroperative examination of the sentinel node
Authors: W Tjalma, C Van Berckelaer, M Van Goethem, I Verslegers, P Van Dam
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Axillary surgery in breast cancer is tailored. The current standard is to perform a frozen section or dep examination of the sentinel node during surgery. If the sentinel node is found positive (≥ macrometastases) a complete axilliary resection is recommended. Preoperative identification of positive nodes will lead to a further improvement of the tailored therapy. Hypothesis: A percentage of less than 5% of patients who would needed an additional operation is considered acceptable. Material and Method: From 2010 – 2012 all breast cancer patients of the Multidisciplinary Breast Clinic Antwerpen had an ultrasound evaluation of the axilla as part of their staging. Fine needle aspiration cytology was performed of suspicious lymph nodes. If this showed to be positive, sentinel node biopsy was bypassed. Patients with normal nodes or benign/non diagnostic biopsy had removal of the sentinel node(s) without peroperative pathological examinations. Results: A total of 275 breast patients had an ultrasound staging (table 1). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value was respectively 90%, 85%, 77% and 94%. Table 1: Ultrasound stagingEchoLN +LN -N1 (n = 117)9027N0 (n = 158)10148 Ten of the 275 patients (3.6%) needed an axillary clearance as a second procedure. Discussion Preoperative detection of invaded lymph nodes has several advantages. First of all it will allow you to identify patients with positive nodes, who can participate in neoadjuvant trial. Secondly it will save operating time and avoid overloading of the system for direct examination and reduces tissue loss. This approach will reduce costs for the health system and anesthetic time for the patient, with an acceptable reoperation rate. Conclusion Preoperative evaluation ultrasound staging of the axillare lymph nodes will avoid peroperative examination of the sentinel node at an acceptable reoperation rate. It is better for the patient, the physicians and the health care system. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-01-24.
Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma and Meningioma in DOTATATE PET/CT
Authors: Constantin Lapa, Mario Löhr, Christina Bluemel, Camelia Maria Monoranu, Ken Herrmann
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Although meningiomas are among the most frequent intracranial tumors, primary central nervous system lymphoma represents a rare variant of extranodal non-Hodgkin-type lymphoma. Here, we report on a 73-year-old man with 2 suspicious intracerebral lesions. Combined DOTATATE PET/CT identified 1 lesion as meningioma, whereas the second lesion could not be further specified although a different meningioma was felt very unlikely. Open biopsy of this lesion confirmed the diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma.
Effects of hydralazine and nitroprusside on cardiopulmonary function when a decrease in cardiac output complicates a short-term increase in pulmonary vascular resistance.
Authors: K Y Lee, D W Molloy, L Slykerman, R M Prewitt
Journal: Circulation (1983)

We investigated the short-term cardiopulmonary effects of nitroprusside and hydralazine when cardiac output (CO) was reduced by a short-term increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). In six anesthetized, ventilated dogs, small autologous blood clots, injected over 1 to 2 hr, increased right ventricular afterload. When CO had fallen approximately 40%, dogs were treated with nitroprusside and subsequently with hydralazine. Both drugs reduced biventricular filling pressures (p less than .05), but only hydralazine increased CO and stroke volume (p less than .05). Although mean blood pressure and pulmonary artery pressure remained constant with hydralazine, systemic vascular resistance and PVR decreased (p less than .01). In contrast, although nitroprusside reduced blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance (p less than .01), it did not affect PVR and pulmonary artery pressure. When CO is significantly reduced because of a short-term increase in PVR, hydralazine may be superior to nitroprusside in improving cardiopulmonary function.
Sharing after religion
Authors: T Smith
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Underlying most of our current political and economic concerns are the stunning statistics of idleness (by which I mean not laziness but people who would like to work but cannot find jobs). Three million people are unemployed in Britain; 30 million in Europe. And the registered unemployed are only part of the idle cohort: others are teenagers on phoney training schemes and the millions who have retired early having been given offers of redundancy they could not refuse. Overall, one recent estimate from a European Commissioner was that only 60% of people of working age in the European Union have jobs.

The other side of the …
Hepatic Oxidative Stress Promotes Insulin-STAT-5 Signaling and Obesity by Inactivating Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase N2
Authors: Esteban N. Gurzov, Melanie Tran, Manuel A. Fernandez-Rojo, Troy L. Merry, Xinmei Zhang, Yang Xu, Atsushi Fukushima, Michael J. Waters, Matthew J. Watt, Sofianos Andrikopoulos, Benjamin G. Neel, Tony Tiganis
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2014)
A Clinical Lecture on the Significance of Dilatation or Gastrectasia in Functional and Organic Diseases of the Stomach
Authors: M. A. Boyd
Journal: BMJ (1897)

GASTRIC dilatation or gastrectasia in one or other of its forms is so frequently present in almost all organic or functional affections of the stomach, and its existence is so frequently overlooked by us in hasty examifrations of that organ that I may be pardoned for going Into details of the various affec- tions in which this symptom is met with.I may say at the outset dilatation of the stomach is not a disease, but only a symptom of disease.
1008 INTERACTIONS BETWEEN METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE POLYMORPHISMS, LIFESTYLE AND DIET WITH THE RISK OF CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA IN THAILAND, THE HIGHEST INCIDENCE IN THE WORLD
Authors: N. Songserm, S.S. Promthet, P. Sithithaworn, C. Pientong, T. Ekalaksananan, D.M. Parkin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy for Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions: Recommendations and Rationale
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

This statement summarizes the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations for use of hormone replacement therapy for the primary prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal women and updates the 1996 USPSTF recommendations on this topic. The complete information on which this statement is based, including evidence tables and references, is available through the USPSTF Web site (www.preventiveservices.ahrq.gov) and through the National Guideline Clearinghouse (www.guideline.gov) The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on the use of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy and the following outcomes: cardiovascular disease, including CHD and stroke; osteoporosis and fractures; thromboembolism; dementia and cognitive function; breast, colon, ovarian, and endometrial cancer; and cholecystitis. The USPSTF also reviewed evidence of the effects of hormone replacement therapy on phytoestrogens and osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. The use of hormone replacement therapy for relieving active symptoms of menopause, such as hot flashes, urogenital symptoms, and mood and sleep disturbances, among others, is outside the scope of these USPSTF recommendations, and literature on this topic was not reviewed. Sources for estimates of benefits and harms cited in this Recommendation statement are described in the summary of the evidence available from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. *For a list of the members of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, see Appendix.
Choline Fails to Prevent Liver Fibrosis in Ethanol–Fed Baboons But Causes Toxicity
Authors: Charles S. Lieber, Maria A. Leo, Ki M. Mak, Leonore M. Decarli, Shinkichi Sato
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

To determine how choline supplementation affects the liver and whether it can protect against ethanol–induced liver injury, baboons were fed either normal or choline–supplemented diets, each with or without ethanol. Eighteen baboons were pair–fed for 3 to 4 years liquid diets with 50% of total energy as ethanol or isocaloric carbohydrate; ten animals were given our regular diets, whereas in eight the choline content was increased 5–fold. Six additional animals were fed individually with the control diets (with or without additional choline). With both ethanol–containing diets, ethanol intake was comparable and resulted in hepatic steatosis and striking mitochon–drial lesions, with increases in serum biliburin and SGOT, SGPT and glutamate dehydrogenase activities. In addition, of the five animals fed alcohol with the regular diet, one progressed to incomplete cirrhosis and two others developed perivenular and associated perisinusoidal fibrosis. Similarly, in the four baboons fed alcohol with choline supplementation, incomplete cirrhosis developed in one and perivenular fibrosis in two. Collagen deposition was demonstrated by immunoperoxidase with a specific antibody against procollagen Type III. These animals also displayed proliferation of myofibroblasts in the perivenular area and transformation of fat–storing cells to transitional cells in the perisinusoidal space, with associated enhanced collagen fiber deposition. Thus, in baboons, choline supplementation failed to prevent alcohol–induced steatosis and fibrosis. All parameters remained normal in the eight baboons fed the regular control diet. However, in the choline–supplemented controls, serum bilirubin, SGOT and glutamate dehydrogenase activities increased moderately and serum albumin decreased. Occasional fat droplets appeared in hepatocytes with mitochondrial changes (enlargement and alterations of the cristae) and an abundance of “myelin” figures in the cytoplasm, indicating that choline supplementation exerts moderate hepatotoxicity.
Optimizing microarray in experimental hypertension
Authors: M. Frances Shannon, Katja U.S. Mckenzie, Amanda Edgley, Sudha Rao, Kaiman Peng, Amany Shweta, Chris G. Schyvens, Warwick P. Anderson, Susan R. Wilson, Yvonne E. Pittelkow, Stephen Ohms, Judith A. Whitworth
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
The Common Duct After Cholecystectomy
Authors: John Hughes
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The size of the common bile duct was measured in 81 patients who had undergone cholecystectomy. In 15 of these patients the preoperative size of the common duct was known and the postoperative measurements showed no change. In the 81 patients the average size of the common duct postoperatively was found to be 7.4 mm. In studies comparing the size of the common duct shortly after cholecystectomy with the size at later periods (in some cases 3 1/2 years), the average size differential was -0.7 mm. The clinical course of these patients was closely followed. Complete relief of preoperative abdominal complaints was found in 67 patients; the remaining 14 experienced only partial relief. There was no relationship between the postoperative size of the common duct and the relief of symptoms.
Coronary angioplasty practice in the United States.
Authors: B G Titus, R Chelsky, S L Mundall, G K Bryan, E M Spear
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Coronary Angioplasty Practice in the United StatesWe wish to express some concern about the article by Dr Eric J. Topol and colleagues1 analyzing coronary angioplasty practice in the United States based on insurance-claims data.The key con- clusion of this study was that the majority of coronary angioplasty procedures performed in this country are not preceded by objective evidence of myocardial ischemia, with the obvious conclusion that many of these procedures are being performed unnecessarily.Although the intent may have been to study patients with mainly stable angina pectoris, we strongly suspect that many of these patients were, indeed, unstable clinically.Table 1 of this article states that the median length of stay for patients without prior exercise testing was 6 days, which is roughly twice the average length of stay for patients with stable coronary disease undergoing elective percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.Of these patients, 67% to 68% were labeled with a diagnosis of "angina"; however, in the absence of a large number of periprocedural complications, it is hard to imagine a median length of stay of 6 days for the "stable" anginal patient.The median length of stay was only 3 days for those with prior exercise testing, and this is probably a greater reflection of those patients with a truly stable coronary artery disease.Thus, we would like to suggest that many of the patients without prior exercise stress testing were relatively unstable and were not deemed appropriate candidates for such.There are many other potential reasons for not performing stress testing before coronary angioplasty, and indeed, there are a number of class I indications, based on the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines,2 for the justifiable use of coronary angioplasty in patients without prior exer- cise stress testing, including those with angina pectoris who have proved unresponsive to medical therapy or intolerant of medical therapy.Although we have no doubt that some interventional cardiologists in the United States are overusing coronary angioplasty for financial rewards, we feel that the majority of interventional cardiologists do follow published practiced guidelines to the benefit of our patients.Data as constructed in the article of Topol et a1l should not be used by governmental agencies and third party insurers as a definitive assessment of utilization review.