tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
JAMA 100 Years Ago
Authors: H. H. Vinke
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Reversal of Human Neutrophil Survival by Leukotriene B<sub>4</sub> Receptor Blockade and 5-Lipoxygenase and 5-Lipoxygenase Activating Protein Inhibitors
Authors: ELAINE LEE, TRISHA LINDO, NICHOLAS JACKSON, LEE MENG-CHOONG, PAULA REYNOLDS, ANTHONY HILL, MALCOLM HASWELL, STEPHEN JACKSON, STEPHEN KILFEATHER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Persistent neutrophilia is a feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Leukotriene synthesis inhibitors and cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists have shown efficacy in the treatment of asthma. Antagonism of leukotriene (LT)B(4) receptors is being considered as a mode of treating COPD. We examined the capacity for inhibition of leukotriene synthesis and LTB(4) receptor antagonism to reduce survival of neutrophils from patients with COPD and those from normal subjects. The basal apoptosis level of these cells was 55.4 +/- 2.4% (mean +/- SEM) of total cells. Separate exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), dexamethasone (DEX), and LTB(4) increased neutrophil survival (p < 0. 001). The LTB(4) receptor antagonist SB201146 abolished LPS-induced survival in a concentration-dependent manner (10 pmol to 0.1 microM), with an IC(50) of 1.9 nM. Combined exposure to SB201146 and to the cysteinyl leukotriene antagonist SKF104353 did not have a greater effect on survival than did exposure to SB201146 alone. Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) with BWA4C and of 5-LO-activating protein (FLAP) with MK886 abolished GM-CSF- and DEX-induced neutrophil survival. BWA4C and MK886 abolished GM-CSF- induced neotrophil survival in a concentration-dependent manner (1 nM to 10 microM), with IC(50) values of 182.0 nM and 63.1 nM, respectively. These findings demonstrate reversal of LPS-, GM-CSF-, and DEX-induced neutrophil survival by LTB(4) receptor antagonism and inhibitors of 5-LO and FLAP. They also suggest a potential additional antiinflammatory mode of action of these compounds through reduction of cell survival.
Residual Benign Prostatic Glands at the Urethrovesical Anastomosis after Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy: Prediction and Impact on Disease Outcome
Authors: Roger Paul, Mathias Hoppmann, Heiner van Randenborgh, Hubert Kübler, Michael Alschibaja, Markus Günther, Rudolf Hartung
Journal: European Urology (2004)
Aldosterone and Spironolactone in Heart Failure
Authors: Karl T. Weber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Chronic heart failure occurs most commonly after earlier myocardial infarction or in the presence of long-standing hypertension. The inability of this normally efficient muscular pump to eject or receive blood results in characteristic symptoms and signs. In patients with compensated heart failure, breathlessness and fatigue occur only with moderate or greater levels of exertion, and physical signs of increased plasma and extravascular volumes are absent. Symptoms that occur with minimal exertion or at rest, accompanied by jugular venous distention and edema of the lower extremities, reflect decompensation. Congestive heart failure, a syndrome arising from hypoperfused tissues and congested organs, has . . .
The VD National Hotline
Authors: SAMUEL KNOX
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1981The VD National HotlineSAMUEL KNOX, B.S., A. MARTIN LERNER, M.D.SAMUEL KNOX, B.S.Search for more papers by this author, A. MARTIN LERNER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-95-4-513_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The continuing annual rise in new episodes of infectious diseases spread by human sexual contact is so great that the "epidemic" may be considered "hyperendemic". Syphilis, gonorrhea, and venereal warts have been joined by human infections caused by herpes simplex virus, type 2,Chlamydia trachomatis; Ureaplasma urealyticum;group B streptococci; and hepatitis B virus, among other agents. Yearly, there are 8.6 to 11.1 million episodes of sexually transmitted diseases in the United States, affecting patients from every socioeconomic stratum. The American Academy of Family Practice has offered its support in the care of these patients (1), and...References1. NIXON S. ASHA's VD Hotline. Am Fam Physician. 1981;23:95-6. Editorial. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. KNOXMANDELLAZAROWICZ SSR. Profile of callers to the VD National Hotline. Sex Trans Dis. In press. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: SAMUEL KNOX, B.S.; A. MARTIN LERNER, M.D.Affiliations: Hutzel Hospital Medical Unit Detroit, MI 48201 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1981Volume 95, Issue 4Page: 513-513 ePublished: 12 March 2020 Issue Published: 1 October 1981 PDF downloadLoading ...
Introduction to Biometeorology
Authors: L. G. C. E. Pugh
Journal: BMJ (1963)

OBJECTIVE--To determine if insulin resistance is present in normotensive adults at increased risk of developing hypertension. DESIGN--Normotensive subjects with at least one hypertensive parent were paired with offspring of normotensive parents (controls), being matched for age, sex, social class, and physical activity. SETTING--Outpatient clinic. SUBJECTS--30 paired subjects (16 men and 14 women) with and without a family history of hypertension, aged 18-32, with a body mass index &lt; 25 kg/m2, with blood pressure &lt; 130/85 mm Hg, and not taking drugs. INTERVENTIONS--Euglycaemic glucose clamp (two hour infusion of insulin 1 mU/kg/min) and intravenous glucose tolerance test (injection of 100 ml 20% glucose). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Insulin mediated glucose disposal and insulin secretion. RESULTS--The offspring of hypertensive parents had slightly higher blood pressure than did the controls (mean 117 (SD 6) v 108 (5) mm Hg systolic, p = 0.013; 76 (7) v 67 (6) mm Hg diastolic, p = 0.017). Their insulin mediated glucose disposal was lower than that of controls (29.5 (6.5) v 40.1 (8.6) mumol/kg/min, p = 0.002), but, after adjustment for blood pressure, the difference was not significant (difference 6.9 (95% confidence interval -1.5 to 15.3), p = 0.10). Insulin secretion in the first hour after injection of glucose was slightly but not significantly higher in the offspring of hypertensive patients (9320 (5484) v 6723 (3751) pmol.min/l). The two groups had similar concentrations of plasma glucose (5.2 (0.3) v 5.1 (0.4) mmol/l), serum cholesterol (4.4 (0.8) v 4.6 (0.8) mmol/l), serum triglyceride (0.89 (0.52) v 0.68 (0.27) mmol/l), and serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (2.81 (0.65) v 2.79 (0.61) mmol/l). The offspring of hypertensive parents, however, had lower serum concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.24 (0.31) v 1.56 (0.35) mmol/l, p = 0.002) and higher serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (0.7 (0.4) v 0.4 (0.4) mmol/l, p = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS--Young normotensive subjects who are at increased risk of developing hypertension are insulin resistant.
SIMULTANEOUS OUTBREAKS OF CONTRASTING DRUG RESISTANT CLASSIC AND EL TOR VIBRIO CHOLERAE 01 IN BANGLADESH
Authors: AbulK. Siddique, Kamruz Zaman, Yameen Majumder, Qamrul Islam, Ishtiaque Bashir, Pulak Mutsuddy, Abu Eusof
Journal: The Lancet (1989)
Listerellosis in Patients with Malignant Disease.
Authors: Donald B. Louria
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966Listerellosis in Patients with Malignant Disease.Donald B. Louria, M.D., F.A.C.P., Terry Hensle, B.S., Donald Armstrong, M.D., Ann Blevins, R.N.Donald B. Louria, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Terry Hensle, B.S.Search for more papers by this author, Donald Armstrong, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Ann Blevins, R.N.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1169_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptListerella monocytogenes is an infrequent pathogen in adults. At Memorial Hospital 14 cases ofListerella bacteremiaor menigitis or both have been observed. Surprisingly, virtually all occurred in patients with lymphatic malignancy, a relationship not previously recognized. In 7 patients with Hodgkin's disease, one with lymphosarcoma, and 2 reticulum cell sarcoma, the infection was lethal whereas it was successfully treated in 4 patients with lymphatic leukemia and 1 with multiple myeloma. Whereas in other series, two thirds of the cases were due to Type 4B.L. monocytogenesand one third to Type 1, the situation here was reversed, 10 of... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCEREBRAL ABSCESS DUE TO LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENESClinical and laboratory aspects of listeria monocytogenes infections with a report of ten cases 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1169-1169KeywordsBacteremiaHodgkin lymphomaInfectious diseasesLymphocytic leukemiaMultiple myelomaPathogensSarcoma Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Ethics of Fetal Research
Authors: Glen W. Davidson
Journal: JAMA (1975)

How are policy decisions about medical ethics in research made in a democratic society? Paul Ramsey, of Princeton University, uses the debate over fetal research to investigate the question. The book is one of Yale's Fastback Series, designed to bring subjects of keen current interest to readers as quickly as possible. Ramsey sketches the history of the debates over fetal research, reveals how some governmental decisions have been made in camera , examines several guidelines that have been used for policy decision-making both in Britain and in the United States, questions how the new National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects will operate, and proposes several basic ethical principles for medical research.  Ramsey shows that it is not clear how we make policy decisions about ethics in research. In fact, he poses the irony that some of the best guidelines have come out of closed-door sessions. But he notes, whether
Asbestos and lung cancer in Glasgow and the west of Scotland.
Authors: H De Vos Irvine, D W Lamont, D J Hole, C R Gillis
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To quantify the relation between lung cancer and exposure to asbestos in men in west Scotland and to estimate the proportion of lung cancer which may be attributed to exposure to asbestos. DESIGN--An ecological correlation study of the incidence of lung cancer in men and past asbestos exposure. The unit of analysis was the postcode sector. Correction was made for past cigarette smoking, air pollution, and deprivation. SETTING--The region covered by the west of Scotland cancer registry, containing 2.72 million people and including Glasgow and the lower reaches of the River Clyde, where shipbuilding was once a major industry. SUBJECTS--All men diagnosed with lung cancer between 1975 and 1984 whose residence at the time of registration was within the west of Scotland. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--The population attributable risk for asbestos related lung cancer. RESULTS--An estimated 5.7% (95% confidence interval 2.3 to 9.1%) of all lung cancers in men registered in the west of Scotland during the period 1975-84 were asbestos related, amounting to 1081 cases. CONCLUSIONS--A considerable proportion of cases of lung cancer in men in Glasgow and the west of Scotland from 1975 to 1984 were asbestos related. Most of these may not have been considered for compensation by the Department of Social Security. Given the very small annual number of recorded cases of asbestosis this condition is probably not a prerequisite for the development of asbestos related lung cancer. A heightened awareness of the increasing incidence of asbestos related neoplasms and their more thorough investigation are recommended.
HIV Screening in Health Care Settings
Authors: Lawrence O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA (2006)

On September 22 2006 the Center for Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a sweeping revision of its guidelines for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening in health care settings that reversed a decade-old approach to AIDS policy. Previous guidelines recommended HIV testing only for persons at high risk or in health care settings with high HIV prevalence which reflected a civil liberties approach that constrained testing with costly cumbersome procedures for pretest counseling and written informed consent. Health care professionals often did not perform HIV screening due to financial or administrative burdens or because conducting risk assessments or discovering HIV prevalence in their facilities was impractical. The new guidelines which apply to all health care institutions in the public and private sectors (eg emergency departments inpatient services public health and community clinics primary care and correctional health care) represent a radical departure. The CDC now recommends HIV screening for all individuals aged 13 to 64 years as a part of routine medical care irrespective of lifestyle perceived risk or local HIV prevalence. The recommendations incorporate a concept known as opt-out testing which notifies all patients that testing will be performed unless an individual explicitly declines. Although the CDC guidelines do not explicitly indicate how patients should be notified about testing separate written informed consent would no longer be required but rather general consent for medical care would be sufficient. Similarly counseling would not be required with HIV diagnostic testing or as part of HIV screening programs.  (excerpt)
The Circuit Riders: Rockefeller Money and the Rise of Modern Science
Authors: Norman Gevitz
Journal: JAMA (1989)

How does a historian reviewer react to the opening line of a volume written by a freelance journalist that reads, History is never kind to historians (p 13), and, following this wisdom, the informative tidbit on the next page,  goal of competition is to outdo your competitors (p 14)? I can only respond by saying that sometimes journalists are not kind to history.  This book, itself written with the support of  money, purports to tell the story of how the various Rockefeller foundations aided and were integral to the development of  science at home and abroad. The author begins by noting: With only a little fudging it can be asserted that modern philanthropy and the twentieth century began together. The key event was the creation of the large nonprofit foundation that treated its endowment as venture capital for the promotion of the common good (p 13). What
Prolonged diabetes reversal after intraportal xenotransplantation of wild-type porcine islets in immunosuppressed nonhuman primates
Authors: Bernhard J Hering, Martin Wijkstrom, Melanie L Graham, Maria Hårdstedt, Tor C Aasheim, Tun Jie, Jeffrey D Ansite, Masahiko Nakano, Jane Cheng, Wei Li, Kathleen Moran, Uwe Christians, Colleen Finnegan, Charles D Mills, David E Sutherland, Pratima Bansal-Pakala, Michael P Murtaugh, Nicole Kirchhof, Henk-Jan Schuurman
Journal: Nature Medicine (2006)
IGFBP-3 Is a Metastasis Suppression Gene in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Hemal H. Mehta, Qinglei Gao, Colette Galet, Vladislava Paharkova, Junxiang Wan, Jonathan Said, Joanne J. Sohn, Gregory Lawson, Pinchas Cohen, Laura J. Cobb, Kuk-Wha Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The insulin-like growth factor binding protein IGFBP-3 is a proapoptotic and antiangiogenic protein in prostate cancer (CaP). Epidemiologic studies suggest that low IGFBP-3 is associated with greater risk of aggressive, metastatic prostate cancers, but in vivo functional data are lacking. Here we show that mice that are genetically deficient in IGFBP-3 exhibit weaker growth of primary prostate tumors but higher incidence of metastatic disease. Prostates in IGFBP-3 knockout mice (IGFBP-3KO mice) failed to undergo apoptosis after castration. Spontaneous prostate tumors did not develop in IGFBP-3KO mice, but splenic lymphomas occurred in 23% of female IGFBP-3KO mice by 80 weeks of age. To assess the effects of IGFBP-3 deficiency on prostate cancer development, we crossed IGFBP-3KO mice with a c-Myc–driven model of CaP that develops slow-growing, nonmetastatic tumors. By 24 weeks of age, well-differentiated prostate cancers were observed in all mice regardless of IGFBP-3 status. However, by 80 weeks of age IGFBP-3KO mice tended to exhibit larger prostate tumors than control mice. More strikingly, lung metastases were observed at this time in 55% of the IGFBP-3KO mice but none in the control animals. Cell lines established from IGFBP-3KO:Myc tumors displayed more aggressive phenotypes in proliferation, invasion, and colony formation assays, relative to control Myc tumor cell lines. In addition, Myc:IGFBP-3KO cells exhibited evidence of epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Our findings established a function for IGFBP-3 in suppressing metastasis in prostate cancer, and they also offered the first reported transgenic model of spontaneous metastatic prostate cancer for studies of this advanced stage of disease. Cancer Res; 71(15); 5154–63. ©2011 AACR.
Reagan and Health Policy
Authors: Daniel S. Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Given President-elect Reagan's commitment to cut taxes and increase military spending while reducing the total budget, federal health programs — now running at about 10 per cent of all federal spending — may seem to rank high as sacrificial prospects. But as the incoming administration goes through a stock taking, its health-related deliberations are focusing more on deregulating, rather than dedollaring, the government role in the national health enterprise.The reason, quite simply, is that, although it is attractive to pound on alleged fraud waste, costly staffing, and other standard targets of tax-revolt politics, most federal health spending is politically . . .
Informed Consent-Reply
Authors: Alan Meisel
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In Reply.—  We agree with the substance of Mr Sorenson's observation that the basis for the informed consent requirement is a matter of morals, not of practicability. We are, however, puzzled as to why he finds our article troublesome in light of the fact that we conclude our article with the statement that positions [about informed consent] based on values [as opposed to empirical data] suffer none from the lack of useful  In other words, we acknowledged—admittedly briefly—that informed consent need not rise or fall on the basis of factual evidence. It is evident, we think, that our article did not intend to discuss competing justifications for informed consent. Rather, we merely set out to demonstrate that those who would either defend or support the requirement of informed consent on the basis of empirical data ought to be aware of the tenuousness of those data. Indeed, our other works,
11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1: A Tissue-Specific Regulator of Glucocorticoid Response
Authors: Jeremy W. Tomlinson, Elizabeth A. Walker, Iwona J. Bujalska, Nicole Draper, Gareth G. Lavery, Mark S. Cooper, Martin Hewison, Paul M. Stewart
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2004)

11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) interconverts inactive cortisone and active cortisol. Although bidirectional, in vivo it is believed to function as a reductase generating active glucocorticoid at a prereceptor level, enhancing glucocorticoid receptor activation. In this review, we discuss both the genetic and enzymatic characterization of 11β-HSD1, as well as describing its role in physiology and pathology in a tissue-specific manner. The molecular basis of cortisone reductase deficiency, the putative "11β-HSD1 knockout state" in humans, has been defined and is caused by intronic mutations in HSD11B1 that decrease gene transcription together with mutations in hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, an endoluminal enzyme that provides reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate as cofactor to 11β-HSD1 to permit reductase activity. We speculate that hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and therefore reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate supply may be crucial in determining the directionality of 11β-HSD1 activity. Therapeutic inhibition of 11β-HSD1 reductase activity in patients with obesity and the metabolic syndrome, as well as in glaucoma and osteoporosis, remains an exciting prospect.
Humoral immunostimulation. V. Selection of variant cell lines.
Authors: W T Shearer, C W Parker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

A permanent L-cell variant cell line (LC1) was isolated by the growth of the parent L-cell line (L) in the presence of a cytostimulatory dose (1:200) of rabbit anti-L-cell antiserum (AL) for 9 mo. LC1 differed from L in many aspects: (a) it was larger (1,533 mm3 vs. 1,284 mm3), (b) it grew faster (1.5- to 2-fold), (c) it grew in aggregated fashion, (d) its growth was no longer stimulated by AL, (e) it was almost completely resistant to high concentrations of AL in the presence of complement (C), (f) its original membrane antigens (immunogenic for AL) were redistributed in sparse and patchy clumps as noted by fluorescence microscopy, (g) it contained about 65% of the total original 125I-AL membrane-binding sites (1.4 X 10(7)/cell vs. 2.2 X 10(7)/cell), (h) its AL-binding sites displayed a lower average affinity constant (K = 0.9 X 10(5) M-1 vs. 2.8 X 10(5) M-1), (i) it contained a smaller proportion of high affinity (K greater than 10(6) M-1) binding sites (13% vs 21%), and (j) LC1 was fully immunogenic in that it was readily killed by homologous antiserum (ALC1) and C, whereas L was not similarly affected by ALC1 indicating that LC1 contained new membrane antigens not present on L. Another variant (LC2) was produced by growth of LC1 in a 10-fold higher dose (1:20) of AL (cytotoxic for L) for 1 mo. LC2 was even more resistant to AL in the presence of C, contained 0.84 X 10(7) AL-binding sites/cell with an average affinity constant of 1 X 10(5) M-1 (unchanged from LC1), and was less susceptible than LC1 to lysis in the presence of ALC1 and C. These findings confirm and extend our previous in vitro and in vivo observations dealing with the direct stimulation effects of antibody on tumor cell metabolism and suggest that immunostimulation may be a mechanism of tumor escape from immune control in vivo possibly by immunoselection and antigenic modulation as proposed by other investigators.