tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Angiotensin II-evoked enhanced expression of RGS2 attenuates Gi-mediated adenylyl cyclase signaling in A10 cells
Authors: Y LI, S HASHIM, M ANANDSRIVASTAVA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

We have recently shown that pretreatment of A10 vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) with angiotensin II (Ang II) for 24 h enhanced the expression of Gialpha-proteins, however, Gialpha-mediated adenylyl cyclase signaling was attenuated. Since regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) have been shown to negatively regulate the Galpha-protein, we investigated the role of RGS2, in Ang II-induced attenuation of Gialpha-mediated signaling in A10 vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC).A10 VSMC were incubated with Ang II (10(-7) M) for different periods of time at 37 degrees C. The levels of G-proteins and RGS2 protein were determined by immunoblotting using specific antibodies. Adenylyl cyclase activity stimulated or inhibited by agonists was determined to examine the functions of G-proteins.Ang II treatment of A10 VSMC enhanced the expression of Gialpha and RGS2 proteins in a time-dependent manner, the maximal expression of Gialpha-proteins was observed at 1 h that remained elevated up to 24 h, whereas enhanced expression of RGS2 in these cells was detected at 1 h, peaked at 2 h and returned to base line level by 8 h. The increased expression of RGS2 by Ang II was inhibited by actinomycin D. The increased expression of Gialpha at 30 min when the levels of RGS2 were not augmented was reflected in increased Gi functions as was demonstrated by increased inhibition of adenylyl cyclase by inhibitory hormones (receptor-dependent functions) and increased inhibition of forskolin (FSK)-stimulated adenylyl cyclase by GTPgammaS (receptor-independent functions). However, with increased expression of RGS2, the Gi-mediated functions started declining and were completely abolished at 2 h of treatment when the levels of RGS2 were maximally augmented. Furthermore, prior treatment of cells with RGS2 antibody, that completely attenuated Ang II-induced expression of RGS2, prevented the GTPgammaS-induced attenuation of FSK-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity. In addition, treatment of the cells with Ang II for 30 min that increased the levels of Gialpha-protein and not of RGS2 protein resulted in the attenuation of Gsalpha-mediated isoproterenol-induced stimulation of adenylyl cyclase and this attenuation was restored to control level at 1 h and remained unchanged thereafter.These results suggest that RGS2 may be involved in short-term regulation of Ang II-induced Gi-mediated adenylyl cyclase signalling.
Role of asbestos and other fibres in the development of diffuse malignant mesothelioma.
Authors: A R Gibbs
Journal: Thorax (1990)

Role of asbestos and other fibres in the development of diffuse malignant mesotheliomaDescriptions of diffuse malignant mesothelioma date from the nineteenth century' but it was not until 1960 that Wagner et al2 described a series of cases of pleural mesothelioma from South Africa and linked them to crocidolite asbestos exposure.Malignant mesotheliomas may arise from the pleura, peritoneum, and pericardium and all may be associated with asbestos exposure.Malignant mesothelioma of the pleura should be distinguished from the so called localised pleural mesothelioma (pleural fibroma), which is rarely malignant3 and which is not associated with asbestos exposure.Malignant mesothe- lioma is an uncommon tumour with an annual male incidence of 7-13/1 000 000 and a female incidence of 1-2/ 1 000 000 in the United States.4In Great Britain the death rate (equivalent to the incidence) in 1983 was 17 5/ 1 000 000 for men and 3 2/1 000 000 for women.5The
When Dr Mopp tried to get into research
Authors: Markus Hesseling
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Initially, it had all seemed so easy and straightforward. Working in a large children's hospital, I thought it would be useful to survey paediatric nurses and doctors about their knowledge of popular children's television characters. Knowing one's Tweenies from one's Fimbles always helps in communicating with a wary preschool child, and it …
Severe Malnutrition Assessment in Children in Rural Kenya--Reply
Authors: J. Berkley
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
S142 Investigating patterns in 24 hours of coughing
Authors: R. J. Dockry, K. Sunger, P. Marsden, A. Kelsall, S. Decalmer, W. Powley, R. Murdoch, A. Woodcock, J. A. Smith
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Ambulatory 24 h cough monitoring is a relatively new technique, and so far few studies have investigated hourly variation in cough frequency. We analysed data from previous studies in three different disease groups to compare patterns throughout the day. <h3>Methods</h3> We studied chronic cough (duration&gt;8 weeks) [n=70, median age 58 yrs (IQR 49–64), 67.1% female], acute cough in otherwise healthy volunteers (duration &lt;3 weeks) [n=56, median age 22 yrs (IQR 21–25.5), 62.5% female] and physician diagnosed asthma [n=58, median age 58.5 yrs (IQR 52–67.8), 63.8% female]. Subjects wore a cough monitor (Vitalojak) for 24 h and median numbers of coughs in each hour were manually counted and plotted against the actual time of day. <h3>Results</h3> The asthmatic group had significantly lower total cough rates compared with the other groups (geometric mean 2.3 coughs/hr (SD±3.3); chronic cough 13.1 (±2.7); acute cough 8.9 (±2.63); p&lt;0.001). Abstract S142 figure 1 shows the median coughs in each hour of the day (interquartile ranges). The chronic and acute cough groups show a very similar cough frequency and pattern, with two peaks during the daytime, despite substantial variability. The asthma group show a similar pattern but with much lower counts. For all diagnosis coughing practically ceases overnight. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These data suggest that cough frequency in acute and chronic cough are remarkably similar, implying similar mechanisms may be driving coughing in these conditions, unlike in asthma where cough frequency is much lower. However all groups show similar fluctuations in hour to hour pattern of daytime cough and effective suppression of coughing during sleep, indicating behaviour has an important influence.
Gap junction-mediated intercellular communication in ischemic preconditioning
Authors: D Garcia-Dorado
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Gap junction-mediated communication can modulate cell death in different tissues. In myocardium, gap junction communication is altered during ischemia, which contributes to the development of arrhythmias, but still allows synchronization of the onset of rigor contracture in the progression of injury. During reperfusion, gap junction communication allows cell-to-cell spread of hypercontracture and cell death. Since the intracellular signal transduction systems involved in modulation of gap junction-mediated communication are activated during ischemic preconditioning, the hypothesis can be raised that gap junctions are end-effectors of preconditioning contributing to its protective effect on cell death. This paper reviews the available information supporting this hypothesis. It has been shown that ischemic preconditioning may influence gap junction-mediated intercellular communication by activation of different kinases, including PKC and MAPK cascades, and by preservation of cGMP among other mechanisms. Connexin phosphorylation by PKC, p38/MAPK, and PKG, tends to reduce intercellular communication. This effect of ischemic preconditioning seems to have no relevant consequences during prolonged ischemia, and does not significantly modify the time course of either electrical uncoupling or the frequency or temporal distribution of ventricular arrhythmias during this period. However, any modification of gap junction communication during initial reperfusion could contribute to the reduced extent of hypercontracture and cell death observed in preconditioned hearts. The potential role of gap junctions as effectors of ischemic preconditioning against lethal injury secondary to ischemia–reperfusion deserves to be investigated in depth.
CAL-101, a p110δ selective phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor for the treatment of B-cell malignancies, inhibits PI3K signaling and cellular viability
Authors: Brian J. Lannutti, Sarah A. Meadows, Sarah E. M. Herman, Adam Kashishian, Bart Steiner, Amy J. Johnson, John C. Byrd, Jeffrey W. Tyner, Marc M. Loriaux, Mike Deininger, Brian J. Druker, Kamal D. Puri, Roger G. Ulrich, Neill A. Giese
Journal: Blood (2010)
The Headache Book
Authors: Seymour Diamond
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<i>The Headache Book</i>should prove felicitous reading for the lay scientist and the headache sufferer. This is especially true because of the previous lack of accurate and accomplished lay literature on cephalalgias. The introduction discusses basic pain mechanisms simply and with clarity, and the initial chapter on headache folklore and legend should be of special interest to physicians as well as their patients. The authors present ten excellent case histories, and through these descriptions the various types of head pain are delineated. My only criticism is that the case histories lack continuity with the clinical descriptive material that appears in later chapters. The case histories would be more effective placed within the chapters describing the clinical disorders. The physiology and chemistry of head pain is depicted in an easily understandable manner. The association of head pain as a symptom of a companion disorder such as hypothyroidism, allergy, febrile disease, hypoglycemia,
Predicting the risk of abrupt vessel closure after angioplasty in an individual patient
Authors: Alan N. Tenaglia, Donald F. Fortin, Robert M. Califf, David J. Frid, Charlotte L. Nelson, Laura Gardner, Michael Miller, Frank I. Navetta, Jack E. Smith, James E. Tcheng, Richard S. Stack
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
Treatment of extramammary Paget's disease by radiotherapy
Authors: N.P. BURROWS, D.H. JONES, P.M. HUDSON, R.J. PYE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare cutaneous malignancy, which usually occurs in the elderly. Wide local excision is the recommended treatment, although this may not always be feasible. We report our experience of EMPD treated by radiotherapy in five patients. The radiotherapy was well tolerated in each case, and there were no signs of recurrence during follow-up (6 months-8 years). This study shows that radiotherapy is a useful alternative therapy for EMPD, and should be considered particularly in elderly patients who may not tolerate surgery.
Exercise: not a miracle cure, just good medicine
Authors: Domhnall MacAuley, Adrian Bauman, Pierre Frémont
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

Physical activity remains the best buy for public health 

There is nothing miraculous about exercise. What is extraordinary is how long it is taking mainstream medicine to accept the importance of physical activity. A recent report from the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges, Exercise: the Miracle Cure and the Role of the Doctor in Promoting It, reminds us of the benefits of physical activity,1 but we already know that it is effective in primary prevention, secondary prevention, and in the treatment of many common diseases. The report builds on decades of epidemiological evidence, years of identifying the “potential” health gain if physicians successfully prescribed physical activity, and even support efforts to medicalise inactivity by labelling it “sedentary death syndrome.”2

The role of doctors in promoting exercise has slowly developed through recent global dissemination of concepts such as “Exercise is Medicine,” started by the American College of Sports Medicine and adopted particularly in Canada, Australia, and South America,3 and “Health Enhancing Physical Activity,” initiated by WHO Europe.4 Promoting physical activity is, however, a major challenge in the modern environment with our lifestyle designed to reduce or eliminate physical …
Does Methylphenidate Cause a Cytogenetic Effect in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder?
Authors: Susanne Walitza, Birgit Werner, Marcel Romanos, Andreas Warnke, Manfred Gerlach, Helga Stopper
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common psychiatric disorder in children and adolescents (6-12% affected). Treatment with methylphenidate (MPH) in the United States has increased to a current prescription rate of > 5 million per year. However, a 2005 study by El-Zein and co-workers [Cancer Lett 230:284-291] reporting a 3-fold increase in genomic damage in all 12 analyzed children after 3 months of therapy with MPH resulted in much concern about potential carcinogenic effects. Here we provide new information concerning the cytogenetic effect of MPH in children.In a prospective study, we analyzed the genomic damage in children with ADHD (initial sample size 38 children) before and 1 (30 children), 3 (21 children), and 6 (8 children) months after initiation of MPH therapy. In addition, we investigated a group of 9 children receiving chronic MPH therapy. Patients were recruited within a study of our Clinical Research Group on ADHD in the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy of the University of Würzburg. Assessment and treatment of patients were performed during inpatient or outpatient health care. The measure for genomic damage was the frequency of micronuclei, a subset of chromosomal aberrations, in peripheral lymphocytes.MPH treatment resulted in no significant alteration in the micronucleus frequency.Because the findings published in 2005 by El-Zein and co-workers could not be replicated, the concern regarding a potential increase in the risk of developing cancer later in life after long-term MPH treatment is not supported.
Physique of Children
Authors: E. S. Lower
Journal: BMJ (1955)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Population-representative studies of the sexual health of middle-aged and older adults are lacking in ageing societies. This study aimed to identify latent patterns of sexual behaviours and health of people aged 45–74 years. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted a latent class analysis of the National Attitudes and Sexual Lifestyles Survey (Natsal-3), a nationally representative survey conducted in Britain in 2011. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 5260 respondents aged 45–74 years, 48.86% of men and 44.91% of women belonged to the Content Caseys class who reported good sexual health. The Infrequent Indigos (30.94% of men, 44.38% of women) were characterised by a lack of sexual activity, reported some dissatisfaction, and were more likely to have a disability. The Low-Functioning Lees (11.65% of men, 8.41% of women) reported some more disability and had issues with sexual functioning and higher levels of distress. The Multiple-Partnered Morgans (8.62% of men, 2.30% of women) were characterised by a greater number of sexual partners and several risk behaviours. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The use of these four classes can aid in improved targeting of tailored sexual health services to improve sexual function, sexual satisfaction, reduce distress and risky behaviours among middle-aged and older adults. These services should be inclusive of the disabled community.
A study on stress stimuli among the students of physical education
Authors: J P Bhukar, Sanjeev Harish
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

The present study was undertaken to study the stress level and the stimuli that were responsible for the stress, among the students of Lakshmibai National University of Physical Education, Gwalior. The questionnaire developed by Daniel et al (1979) was modified and used in the study. It assesses the stress level due to frustration and inhibition, overload, time-urgent and aggressive behaviour. The coping strategy was also measured through this questionnaire. A sample of 30 undergraduate and 30 postgraduate students was randomly chosen from LNUPE for the study, out of which 15 boys and 15 girls for each group were selected. The stress assessment questionnaire was administered on these subjects. Two-way analysis of variance results showed that stress due to all the three stimuli (frustration and inhibition, overload and time-urgent and aggressive behaviour) was significantly higher at 0.05 level of significance among girls in comparison to that of boys, irrespective of undergraduate and postgraduate categories. The p value for the gender in frustration and inhibition is 0.003, overload 0.049, time-urgent and aggressive behaviour 0.042 and coping strategy for gender is 0.048. Post hoc analysis was done by using the least significance difference test; the coping strategy of male 60.66 (±17.65) was also significantly higher than that of female 50.00 (±22.36), irrespective of level of education.
Clinical and molecular features of FIP1L1-PDFGRA (+) chronic eosinophilic leukemias
Authors: P Vandenberghe, I Wlodarska, L Michaux, P Zachée, M Boogaerts, D Vanstraelen, M-C Herregods, A Van Hoof, D Selleslag, F Roufosse, M Maerevoet, G Verhoef, J Cools, D G Gilliland, A Hagemeijer, P Marynen
Journal: Leukemia (2004)
Computational ideas developed within the control theory have limited relevance to control processes in living systems
Authors: Mark L. Latash, Anatol G. Feldman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Exclusively focused on data that are consistent with the proposed ideas, the target article misses an opportunity to review data that are inconsistent with them. Weaknesses of the emulation theory become especially evident when one tries to incorporate physiologically realistic muscle and reflex mechanisms into it. In particular, it fails to resolve the basic posture-movement controversy.
TAAPP: Tiling Array Analysis Pipeline for Prokaryotes
Authors: Ranjit Kumar, Shane C. Burgess, Mark L. Lawrence, Bindu Nanduri
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2011)

Abstract High-density tiling arrays provide closer view of transcription than regular microarrays and can also be used for annotating functional elements in genomes. The identified transcripts usually have a complex overlapping architecture when compared to the existing genome annotation. Therefore, there is a need for customized tiling array data analysis tools. Since most of the initial tiling arrays were conducted in eukaryotes, data analysis methods are well suited for eukaryotic genomes. For using whole-genome tiling arrays to identify previously unknown transcriptional elements like small RNA and antisense RNA in prokaryotes, existing data analysis tools need to be tailored for prokaryotic genome architecture. Furthermore, automation of such custom data analysis workflow is necessary for biologists to apply this powerful platform for knowledge discovery. Here we describe TAAPP, a web-based package that consists of two modules for prokaryotic tiling array data analysis. The transcript generation module works on normalized data to generate transcriptionally active regions (TARs). The feature extraction and annotation module then maps TARs to existing genome annotation. This module further categorizes the transcription profile into potential novel non-coding RNA, antisense RNA, gene expression and operon structures. The implemented workflow is microarray platform independent and is presented as a web-based service. The web interface is freely available for acedemic use at http://lims.lsbi.mafes.msstate.edu/TAAPP-HTML/.
The Breaking of Bodies and Minds: Torture, Psychiatric Abuse, and the Health Professions
Authors: L. D. Hankoff
Journal: JAMA (1986)

We are inclined to regard torture and deliberate psychiatric abuse as matters that fall in the other fellow's backyard and of little concern to the practicing physician. The extent, however, of torture practices throughout the world as well as the known atrocities by German physicians during the Holocaust have produced ripples that engulf us all. This volume, resulting from the efforts of the Committee on Scientific Freedom and Responsibility of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, is an impressive collection of detailed and welldocumented facts on the subject of torture and psychiatric abuse, which demonstrates that its impact goes far beyond the immediate victims. The volume assiduously avoids hyperbole and ideological excursions while naming names and unhesitatingly placing blame at the doorsteps of the perpetrators. The editors point out the important distinction between<i>systematic</i>and<i>sporadic</i>abuse of authority in torture and psychiatric abuse. While arbitrary and sporadic
Mortality and Access to Care among Adults after State Medicaid Expansions
Authors: Benjamin D. Sommers, Katherine Baicker, Arnold M. Epstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Several states have expanded Medicaid eligibility for adults in the past decade, and the Affordable Care Act allows states to expand Medicaid dramatically in 2014. Yet the effect of such changes on adults' health remains unclear. We examined whether Medicaid expansions were associated with changes in mortality and other health-related measures.
Coexisting Pulmonary Coccidioidomycosis and Tuberculosis
Authors: Robert S. Study, Philip Morgenstern
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1948)

PRIOR to World War II, coccidioidomycosis was a relatively rare disease known chiefly to physicians in the San Joaquin Valley and a few other scattered areas in the southwestern portion of the United States. Winn,1 in 1941, reported a series of 12 cases in which attention was called to the frequency of pulmonary cavitation as a manifestation of coccidioidomycosis.During the war, when hundreds of thousands of troops were assigned for desert maneuvers in endemic areas such as Arizona, southern California and southwestern Texas, a large number acquired coccidioidal infection with pulmonary cavitation. As a result, many medical officers were . . .