tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Development of a research strategy for integrated technology-based toxicological and chemical evaluation of complex mixtures of drinking water disinfection byproducts.
Authors: Jane Ellen Simmons, Susan D Richardson, Thomas F Speth, Richard J Miltner, Glenn Rice, Kathleen M Schenck, E Sidney Hunter, Linda K Teuschler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Chemical disinfection of water is a major public health triumph of the 20th century. Dramatic decreases in both morbidity and mortality of waterborne diseases are a direct result of water disinfection. With these important public health benefits comes low-level, chronic exposure to a very large number of disinfection byproducts (DBPs), chemicals formed through reaction of the chemical disinfectant with naturally occurring inorganic and organic material in the source water. This article provides an overview of joint research planning by scientists residing within the various organizations of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development. The purpose is to address concerns related to potential health effects from exposure to DBPs that cannot be addressed directly from toxicological studies of individual DBPs or simple DBP mixtures. Two factors motivate the need for such an investigation of complex mixtures of DBPs: a) a significant amount of the material that makes up the total organic halide and total organic carbon portions of the DBPs has not been identified; and b) epidemiologic data, although not conclusive, are suggestive of potential developmental, reproductive, or carcinogenic health effects in humans exposed to DBPs. The plan is being developed and the experiments necessary to determine the feasibility of its implementation are being conducted by scientists from the National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, the National Risk Management Research Laboratory, the National Exposure Research Laboratory, and the National Center for Environmental Assessment.
FDA's Electronic Bulletin Board
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Scintigraphic Evaluation of Hip Pain in Children
Authors: SYDNEY HEYMAN, HAROLD A. GOLDSTEIN, WILLIAM CROWLEY, S TREVES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1980)

Thirty-eight patients (28 boys and 10 girls) with hip pain were referred for bone scans. In 7 of 8 with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, there was decreased uptake of the radiopharmaceutical in the proximal femoral epiphysis; the other had radiographic evidence of joint destruction and showed increased uptake. Three patients with abnormal scans had normal x-rays with Gaucher's disease, toxic synovitis, and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, respectively. One patient with avascular necrosis associated with steroid therapy had increased uptake, possibly due to revascularization. Those with toxic synovitis had either normal bone scans or showed a slight generalized increase around the hip joint. It is speculated that the latter may represent those who later present with Legg-Calvé-Perthes. The bone scan is useful for the early detection of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease in patients with hip pain.
Incisional Recurrence of a Cervical Carcinoma
Authors: Robert M. Greenlee
Journal: JAMA (1981)

METASTATIC carcinoma in an abdominal wall incision has been reported in cancers of the colon, bladder, and kidney.<sup>1</sup>We report the occurrence of metastatic nodules in the abdominal wall incision following operation for epidermoid carcinoma of the cervix. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of such an event. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 41-year-old woman was first seen on Feb 5, 1979, complaining of intermenstrual bleeding for six days. Her past health and illnesses, including gynecologic history, were noncontributory. Physical examination revealed a weight of 72.3 kg, and normal pulse rate and respirations. Significant findings were limited to the pelvis. On the anterior lip of the cervix, a 4×5-cm exophytic, granular, friable lesion was found. The uterus and adnexa were normal on palpation. Parametria were soft and pliable. Rectal examination results were confirmatory. A biopsy specimen of the lesion revealed a moderately well-differentiated, nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma
The Impact of Diet and Betel Nut Use on Skin Lesions Associated with Drinking-Water Arsenic in Pabna, Bangladesh
Authors: Kathleen M. McCarty, E. Andres Houseman, Quazi Quamruzzaman, Mahmuder Rahman, Golam Mahiuddin, Thomas Smith, Louise Ryan, David C. Christiani
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

An established exposure-response relationship exists between water arsenic levels and skin lesions. Results of previous studies with limited historical exposure data, and laboratory animal studies suggest that diet may modify arsenic metabolism and toxicity. In this study, we evaluated the effect of diet on the risk of arsenic-related skin lesions in Pabna, Bangladesh. Six hundred cases and 600 controls loosely matched on age and sex were enrolled at Dhaka Community Hospital, Bangladesh, in 2001-2002. Diet, demographic data, and water samples were collected. Water samples were analyzed for arsenic using inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy. Betel nut use was associated with a greater risk of skin lesions in a multivariate model [odds ratio (OR) = 1.67; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.18-2.36]. Modest decreases in risk of skin lesions were associated with fruit intake 1-3 times/month (OR = 0.68; 95%CI, 0.51-0.89) and canned goods at least 1 time/month (OR = 0.41; 95% CI, 0.20-0.86). Bean intake at least 1 time/day (OR = 1.89; 95% CI, 1.11-3.22) was associated with increased odds of skin lesions. Betel nut use appears to be associated with increased risk of developing skin lesions in Bangladesh. Increased intake of fruit and canned goods may be associated with reduced risk of lesions. Increased intake of beans may be associated with an increased risk of skin lesions. The results of this study do not provide clear support for a protective effect of vegetable and overall protein consumption against the development of skin lesions, but a modest benefit cannot be excluded.
Diversity of immunobiological functions of T-cell lines established from patients with adult T-cell leukaemia
Authors: K. IWATSUKI, H. HARADA, Y. MOTOKI, F. KANEKO, F. JIN, M. TAKIGAWA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

In order to understand the variety of HTLV-1-associated cutaneous diseases, we studied the cytological profile of HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines established from patients with adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL). Among four CD4+ cell lines, termed 16T(-), 35T(-), MH-1, and KS-2, the 16T(-) cells secreted elevated quantities of IL-4, IL-6 and IFN-gamma and expressed mRNA for each cytokine in the absence of exogenous stimulation. The 35T(-) cells secreted IL-6 and a small amount of IFN-gamma, but not IL-4. The MH-1 and KS-2 cells secreted only IL-6 in the absence of stimulation. In response to stimulation with phorbol-12-myristate-13 acetate (PMA), the 16T(-) cells produced more IL-4 and IFN-gamma, whereas the 35T(-) and MH-1 cells exhibited increased secretion of IFN-gamma, but still no IL-4 or IL-4 mRNA production. Although neither IL-4 nor IFN-gamma were found in the culture supernatant of KS-2 cells, the production of IL-4 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. Culture supernatants from the 16T(-) and 35T(-) cells induced the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and HLA-DR by cultured keratinocytes. This response was inhibited by pretreatment of the supernatant with anti-IFN-gamma antibodies. These results indicate that some HTLV-1-infected T-cell lines constitutively secrete various cytokines, including biologically active IFN-gamma. The diversity of immunobiological functions of the T-cell lines may be related to the variety of clinical features present in ATL patients.
Brucellosis and veterinary surgeons.
Authors: R J Henderson, D M Hill, A A Vickers, J M Edwards, H E Tillett
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Forty-six veterinary surgeons were given a full clinical examination, serological examinations with estimates of immunoglobulins, and supplementary haematological and radiological investigations. Thirty-five complained of one or more symptoms, and eight had abnormal physical signs which might have been caused by infection with Brucella abortus, but neither sereological tests results nor immunoglobulin estimates bore any special relation to the clinical features. The soundest way of assessing ill health which had possibly been caused by brucellosis seemed to be thorough clinical examination and disregard of serologican findings. Interpreting results by the usual serological tests in the absence of a clinical examination is probably of doubtful value and may even be misleading.
468 ANALYSIS OF FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SOCS3 EXPRESSION IN HUMAN LIVER ALLOGRAFTS EARLY AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: S. Fangazio, P. Giarda, G. Grossi, R. Minisini, D. Bitetto, G. Occhino, M.E. Burlone, P. Toniutto, E. Falleti, C. Fabris, M. Pirisi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Comparative effect of disopyramide and ethmozine in suppressing complex ventricular arrhythmias by use of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, longitudinal crossover design.
Authors: C M Pratt, J B Young, M J Francis, A A Taylor, H J Norton, L English, D E Mann, H Kopelen, M A Quinones, R Roberts
Journal: Circulation (1984)

This placebo-controlled, double-blind, longitudinal crossover study compares the efficacy of disopyramide and ethmozine, a new investigational drug, in suppressing frequent (40 or more per hour) ventricular premature depolarizations (VPDs) in 27 patients completing a 37 day protocol. Although both drugs significantly reduced VPDs relative to placebo, ethmozine was a superior antiarrhythmic drug in ach9eving near-total abolition of VPDs (30% of patients), which was never observed during disopyramide dosing (p less than .05). At the 80% VPD reduction level, ethmozine was effective in 56% of all patients compared with an effectiveness in only 22% of patients during disopyramide therapy (p less than .05). The mean peak plasma level of ethmozine was 0.66 +/- 0.8 micrograms/ml, which significantly fell to a trough level of 0.1 +/- 0.08 micrograms/ml (p less than .001). Mean peak and trough plasma levels of disopyramide exhibited less fluctuation (2.6 +/- 0.9 micrograms/ml vs 2.2 +/- 0.9 micrograms/ml). Ethmozine had no effect on the QT interval, whereas disopyramide prolonged it significantly. Importantly, while disopyramide produced serious side effects in 30% of patients, ethmozine was well tolerated with no statistically significant side effects compared with placebo.
CANADIAN COMMISSION DENIES AUTHORIZATION FOR CIRCULAR ON KOCH TREATMENT FOR CANCER
Authors: J. G. Gillanders
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Apparently a circular letter has been widely distributed among members of the medical profession in the United States, indicating that this commission has compiled a series of proofs of the efficacy of the Koch treatment of cancer. A sponsor of the Koch treatment appeared before this commission and submitted some evidence, in the main consisting of case histories. To correct any erroneous inference that might be drawn from the circular mentioned, it should be noted that this commission has made no report expressing any opinion whatever of the efficacy or otherwise of the treatment as a remedy or cure for cancer.
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF HYPONATREMIA ACCORDING TO EJECTION FRACTION AND SERUM BNP LEVELS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE KOREAN ACUTE HEART FAILURE (KORAHF) REGISTRY
Authors: Jin Joo Park, Yeonyee Yoon, Il-Young Oh, Chang Hwan Yoon, Jung-Won Suh, Young-Seok Cho, Tae-Jin Youn, Goo-Yeong Cho, In-Ho Chae, Dong-Ju Choi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
In vitro responses to Leishmania antigens by lymphocytes from patients with leishmaniasis or Chagas' disease.
Authors: S G Reed, E M Carvalho, C H Sherbert, D P Sampaio, D M Russo, O Bacelar, D L Pihl, J M Scott, A Barral, K H Grabstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

T cell responses are correlated with recovery from and resistance to leishmaniasis. Antigens of Leishmania chagasi were evaluated by determining their ability to elicit in vitro proliferation and cytokine production in peripheral blood lymphocytes and in T cell lines and clones from patients with histories of leishmaniasis or Chagas' disease. Antigens tested were selected by their reactivity with patient antibodies. Several of the antigens induced proliferative responses in peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients recovered from visceral or cutaneous leishmaniasis or with chronic Chagas' disease. Two purified glycoproteins, 30 and 42 kD, were consistently among the most effective in eliciting high proliferative responses and IL-2 production. Lymphocytes from a recovered visceral leishmaniasis patient were used to produce T cell lines against either the 30- or 42-kD antigen. Each of the lines responded to both of these antigens as well as to crude leishmania lysate. CD4+ T cell clones specific for either or both of these antigens were also isolated from a visceral leishmaniasis patient. In contrast, rabbit antisera produced against these two antigens were not crossreactive. Both antigens were effective in inducing the production of IFN-gamma from T cell lines from both leishmaniasis and Chagas' disease patients. These studies demonstrate the potential for defining parasite antigens with broad immunostimulatory capabilities.
Prospective, Comprehensive Assessment of Cardiac Troponin T Testing After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Asim A. Mohammed, Arvind K. Agnihotri, Roland R.J. van Kimmenade, Abelardo Martinez-Rumayor, Sandy M. Green, Rene Quiroz, James L. Januzzi
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— The significance and clinical role of cardiac troponin testing after coronary artery bypass grafting remain unclear. Methods and Results— Cardiac troponin T (cTnT) was measured during the first 24 hours after coronary artery bypass graft surgery in 847 consecutive patients. Only 17 patients (2.0%) had new Q waves or left bundle-branch block after surgery; however, cTnT elevation was observed in nearly all subjects, with a median cTnT concentration of 1.08 ng/mL overall. Direct predictors of postoperative cTnT values included preoperative myocardial infarction ( P &lt;0.001), preoperative intraaortic balloon pump ( P &lt;0.001), intraoperative/postoperative intraaortic balloon pump ( P &lt;0.001), number of distal anastomoses ( P =0.005), bypass time ( P &lt;0.001), and number of intraoperative defibrillations ( P =0.009), whereas glomerular filtration rate ( P &lt;0.001), off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting ( P =0.003), and use of warm cardioplegia ( P =0.02) were inversely associated with cTnT values. A linear association was seen between cTnT levels and length of stay and ventilator hours, and in an analysis adjusted for the Society for Thoracic Surgery Risk Model, cTnT remained independently prognostic for death (odds ratio, 3.20; P =0.003), death or heart failure (odds ratio, 2.04; P =0.008), death or need for vasopressors (odds ratio, 2.70; P &lt;0.001), and the composite of all 3 (odds ratio, 2.57; P &lt;0.001). In contrast to consensus-endorsed cTnT cut points for postoperative evaluation, a cTnT &lt;1.60 ng/mL had a negative predictive value of 93% to 99% for excluding various post-coronary artery bypass graft surgery complications. Conclusions— cTnT concentrations after coronary artery bypass graft surgery are nearly universally elevated, are determined by numerous factors, and are independently prognostic for impending postoperative complications when used at appropriate cut points.
The Course of Patients with Suspected Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Albert G. Mulley, George E. Thibault, Robert A. Hughes, G. Octo Barnett, Victoria A. Reder, Ellen L. Sherman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

The hospital course of all patients admitted to a medical intensive-care unit (ICU) with suspected myocardial infarction was reviewed to test the feasibility of identifying patients suitable for earlier transfer from the ICU. Three hundred sixty patients admitted after presentation with uncomplicated chest pain could be stratified into three risk groups within 24 hours of admission to the ICU. One hundred sixty-eight patients (47 per cent), who were without major complications, elevation of total serum creatine phosphokinase, or electrocardiographic evidence of transmural infarction during the first day, could be designated "low-risk" patients. Three per cent of the low-risk patients subsequently met clinical criteria for infarction, 2 percent had late complications in the ICU, and none died. Rates of infarction, late complications in the ICU, and mortality in the hospital were significantly higher for patients at intermediate and high risk. Identification of low-risk patients for whom early transfer may be routinely indicated is feasible and could reduce by 55 per cent the total number of days that such patients spend in the ICU.
TCT-271 BIOLUX P-II: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Passeo-18 Lux Drug Releasing Balloon versus Plain Old Balloon Angioplasty for the Treatment of Infrapopliteal Artery Lesions
Authors: Dierk Scheinert, Marianne Brodmann, Thomas Zeller, Marc Bosiers, Patrick Peeters, Schulte Karl-Ludwig, Ulrich Beschorner, Ernst Pilger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The Tenofovir Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Trial in Thailand: Researchers Should Show More Openness in Their Engagement with the Community
Authors: Arlene Chua, Nathan Ford, David Wilson, Paul Cawthorne
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Arlene Chua, Nathan Ford, David Wilson, Paul Cawthorne Two recent articles in PLoS Medicine [1,2] criticise the role played by activists in raising concerns about the tenofovir trial for HIV prophylaxis. We fully support the fact that activism should be based on informed opinion, rather than speculation, unwarranted criticism, overreaction, or sensationalising facts [1], and believe that in Thailand, the concerns raised by activists are entirely legitimate. The key community groups that have expressed concerns about the tenofovir trial in Thailand are the Thai Drug Users Network (TDN) and the Thai AIDS Treatment Advocacy Group (TTAG), which are described in Box 1. These community groups, which can justifi ably claim to represent Thai drug users, are well informed about the trial, but their objective concerns have been ignored by the trial investigators. Contrary to the assertion of Joep Lange [2] “that the investigators did consult intensely with community groups concerned”, TDN and TTAG were not consulted about the trial design and conduct until a very late stage, after several attempts to engage with the investigators had been rebutted. TDN and TTAG had attempted to constructively engage with the investigators since October 2004; they confi ned their statements of concern to private letters and meetings with the investigators, until the matter was made public in a Lancet editorial in March 2005 [3]. One major concern about the trial was the failure to provide sterile needles and syringes. Singh and Mills assert that this is consistent with Thai government policy [1]. Long prison terms and death sentences are the norm for drug-related offences [4], and Thai police, who have wide discretionary powers, still occasionally use possession of needles as evidence to arrest suspected drug users. Thus, although needles and syringes are available over the counter from most retail pharmacies, intravenous drug users (IDUs) are afraid to purchase them and, indeed, are often afraid to use services known to be provided for drug users. There is, however, no law or policy forbidding the distribution of clean needles and syringes, and preventing the investigators from doing so. In fact, the situation in Thailand is improving, with the National Harm Reduction Working Group, chaired by the Ministry of Public Health, taking steps to increase activities in this domain. In 2004, at the 15th International AIDS Conference in Thailand, the prime minister said, “We are now implementing a harm reduction program to reduce the risk of HIV infection among injecting drug users...the program...will be conducted through concerted collaboration among solo UN agencies, government bodies and non-governmental organizations including the Drug User Network” [5]. The reason clean injection materials are not distributed within the trial is because the United States government,
An Opioid Antagonist for Postoperative Ileus
Authors: Richard A. Steinbrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Postoperative ileus, a temporary impairment of gastrointestinal motility, occurs universally after major abdominal surgery. This condition exacerbates nausea and vomiting, delays oral feeding, increases postoperative pain, and prolongs hospitalization. Nearly 100 years ago, Cannon and Murphy1 demonstrated in dogs that opening the peritoneal cavity and manipulating the intestines resulted in a “striking” inhibition of contractile activity in the gastrointestinal tract.In people, typical postoperative ileus is generally followed by the restoration of motility in the stomach and small bowel within 24 hours; colonic function is recovered over a period of 48 to 72 hours.2,3 Gastrointestinal transit is modulated by . . .
Reducing cannabinoid abuse and preventing relapse by enhancing endogenous brain levels of kynurenic acid
Authors: Zuzana Justinova, Paola Mascia, Hui-Qiu Wu, Maria E Secci, Godfrey H Redhi, Leigh V Panlilio, Maria Scherma, Chanel Barnes, Alexandra Parashos, Tamara Zara, Walter Fratta, Marcello Solinas, Marco Pistis, Jack Bergman, Brian D Kangas, Sergi Ferré, Gianluigi Tanda, Robert Schwarcz, Steven R Goldberg
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2013)