tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Primary Care for Women
Authors: Keith P. Russell
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To the Editor.—  The COMMENTARY by J. W. Pearson (231:815, 1975) properly delineates the role of the obstetrician-gynecologist as a primary care physician for women. Recently, the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) has reconsidered its position, and AAMC policy now includes obstetrics-gynecology with family practice, pediatrics, and internal medicine as the four primary care disciplines. This has been documented in the AAMC support of HR 3279 health manpower legislation submitted by Congressman Rogers.  Of the five organizations sponsoring the Coordinating Council on Medical Education, the only two that have not endorsed this concept are, inexplicably, the American Board of Medical Specialties and the Council of Medical Specialty Societies. It is to be hoped that they too will reconsider their previous position and join the other responsible national organizations in the inclusion of obstetrics-gynecology as a primary care specialty. A factual evaluation of the practice of obstetrics and gynecology makes
New Jersey: A Case Study of the Reduction in Urban and Suburban Air Pollution from the 1950s to 2010
Authors: Paul J. Lioy, Panos G. Georgopoulos
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Background: Air pollution has been a topic of intense concern and study for hundreds of years. During the second half of the 20th century, the United States implemented regulations and controls to reduce the levels of criteria air pollutants and achieve the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for the protection of human health, while concurrently reducing the levels of toxic air pollutants.Objective: In this commentary we trace the changes in air pollution in New Jersey as a case study, demonstrating the impact of local, state, and federal strategies to control emissions of pollutants and pollutant precursors from the 1950s until today.Discussion: The original NAAQS (1970–1995) have been achieved, and significant progress has been made to achieve revised standards for ozone and particulate matter (PM) < 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) in New Jersey, which in the past was considered a highly polluted industrial state.Conclusions: Assuming no reversals on current regulations because of some major event or energy infrastructure disruption, outdoor air pollution reductions will continue to address health risks among specific segments of the general population affected by ozone/PM and pollution caused by neighborhood, local, and regional point and mobile sources.
AIDS investigators identify second retrovirus
Authors: John Maurice
Journal: JAMA (1983)

A team of French researchers and clinicians has discovered a human retrovirus that may, they think, be linked to the etiology of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The virus is similar but quite distinct, the investigators now believe, from the first human retrovirus to be discovered, the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV). HTLV was initially described three years ago by Robert Gallo, MD, of the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Md, and is now thought possibly to be causally associated with AIDS. A retrovirus is an RNA virus containing the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which enables the virus to transcribe its single strand of RNA into double-stranded DNA that can then integrate into the host cell's genome. The "French" retrovirus has so far been detected in four of six patients with a multiple lymphadenopathy syndrome, believed to be a possible prodrome of AIDS, and has therefore been named "lymphadenopathy virus" (LAV)
The Case Against Childhood Cholesterol Screening
Authors: Thomas B. Newman
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Because some authorities have proposed blood cholesterol screening for children to prevent coronary heart disease, we reviewed published studies to estimate the potential risks and benefits of such screening. Childhood cholesterol levels are a poor predictor of high cholesterol levels in young adulthood and will be an even poorer predictor of coronary heart disease later in life. There is no evidence that blood cholesterol levels can be lowered more easily in children than in adults, and it seems unlikely that cholesterol reduction in childhood will be much more effective at preventing coronary heart disease than cholesterol reduction begun in middle age. Screening and interventions to lower blood cholesterol levels for millions of children would be expensive, could lead to labeling and family conflicts, and may cause malnutrition and increased noncardiovascular mortality. Because the benefits of cholesterol screening are unlikely to exceed these risks, we conclude that children should not be screened for high blood cholesterol levels.
Marihuana in Science and Medicine
Authors: Barry I. Liskow
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Passions regarding the use and abuse of marijuana have abated considerably during the past ten years. However, concern regarding marijuana's short-term and long-term adverse effects has persisted in the lay and medical communities. Dr Nahas, the author of this volume, was one of the earliest physician-researchers to emphasize these adverse consequences of marijuana use and to warn about its potential as a public health problem. He has remained persistent in his warnings through the years, and new research findings have given added weight to his concerns. This volume, the third edition of a book originally published in 1973, attests to its author's scholarship. The book is written for "the scientific and medical community" and provides current exhaustive literature reviews of marijuana's botany, chemistry, metabolism, toxicology, and pharmacology. All sections review relevant plant, animal, and human experimental and clinical data, with an emphasis on the adverse physical consequences and potential of
Concentrations of dialkyl phosphate metabolites of organophosphorus pesticides in the U.S. population.
Authors: Dana B Barr, Roberto Bravo, Gayanga Weerasekera, Lisa M Caltabiano, Ralph D Whitehead, Anders O Olsson, Samuel P Caudill, Susan E Schober, James L Pirkle, Eric J Sampson, Richard J Jackson, Larry L Needham
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

We report population-based concentrations, stratified by age, sex, and racial/ethnic groups, of dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites of multiple organophosphorus pesticides. We measured dimethylphosphate (DMP), dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP), dimethyldithiophosphate (DMDTP), diethylphosphate (DEP), diethylthiophosphate (DETP), and diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP) concentrations in 1,949 urine samples collected in U.S. residents 6-59 years of age during 1999 and 2000 as a part of the ongoing National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We detected each DAP metabolite in more than 50% of the samples, with DEP being detected most frequently (71%) at a limit of detection of 0.2 microg/L. The geometric means for the metabolites detected in more than 60% of the samples were 1.85 microg/L for DMTP and 1.04 microg/L for DEP. The 95th percentiles for each metabolite were DMP, 13 microg/L; DMTP, 46 microg/L; DMDTP, 19 micro g/L; DEP, 13 microg/L; DETP, 2.2 microg/L; and DEDTP, 0.87 microg/L. We determined the molar sums of the dimethyl-containing and diethyl-containing metabolites; their geometric mean concentrations were 49.4 and 10.5 nmol/L, respectively, and their 95th percentiles were 583 and 108 nmol/L, respectively. These data are also presented as creatinine-adjusted concentrations. Multivariate analyses showed concentrations of DAPs in children 6-11 years of age that were consistently significantly higher than in adults and often higher than in adolescents. Although the concentrations between sexes and among racial/ethnic groups varied, no significant differences were observed. These data will be important in evaluating the impact of organophosphorus pesticide exposure in the U.S. population and the effectiveness of regulatory actions.
SERIAL CHANGES IN SYSTEMIC VENTRICULAR VOLUME LONG AFTER FONTAN OPERATION: INSIGHT INTO BETTER PATIENT CARE
Authors: Iki Adachi, Hajime Ichikawa, Koji Kagisaki, Takayoshi Ueno, Haruki Ide, Takaya Hoashi, Kazuhiko Ishimaru, Masaki Taira, Toru Kuratani, Junjiro Kobayashi, Toshikatsu Yagihara, Yoshiki Sawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Abstract 2992: Mitotic role for Pten in accurate chromosome segregation
Authors: Janine H. van Ree, Karthik B. Jeganathan, Fang Jin, Jan M. van Deursen
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract During mitosis, sister chromatids are separated and equally divided over two daughter cells. If missegregation of whole chromosomes occurs, progeny cells with an abnormal number of chromosomes will arise. This is referred to as aneuploidy, a hallmark of most human cancers. We found that inactivation of a single Pten allele in mouse splenocytes and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) is sufficient to cause aneuploidy, suggesting a role for Pten in the chromosome segregation process. Upon further study by live cell imaging of haploinsufficient and null Pten MEFs, we indeed found many missegregation errors (59% and 79% respectively, compared to 15% in wildtype MEFs). These abnormalities were independent from the AKT pathway since overexpression of a myristoylated, constitutively active form of AKT in wildtype MEFs resembled a wildtype instead of a Pten heterozygous phenotype. In addition, overexpression of a catalytic mutant Pten (C124S) in Pten+/- MEFs corrected the missegregation errors. We therefore propose a novel tumor-suppressive function of Pten to prevent whole chromosome instability, independent of the increased cell proliferation and survival caused by the activation of AKT. BubR1 is a regulator of kinetochore-microtubule attachment and a potent inhibitor of Cdc20, a key co-activator of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) that drives cells into anaphase by targeting the anaphase inhibitors cyclin B1 and securin for degradation by the 26S proteosome. We found that overexpression of BubR1 completely restores accurate chromosome segregation in Pten+/- MEFs, alluding to a specific role for Pten in mitosis. As a first step to test the hypothesis that Pten's mitotic role in preventing aneuploidization represents a key tumor suppressive function of this phosphatase, we bred a Flag-tagged BubR1 transgene into Pten+/- mice. We are currently in the process of studying the impact of the transgene on the development of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). Consistent with our hypothesis, preliminary analysis of two mice shows that BubR1 overexpression considerably decreases PIN lesion multiplicity. Data from the complete analysis of our double transgenic mouse cohort will be presented at the meeting. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2992. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2992
Herpesvirus hominis infections.
Authors: E. J. Bell, C. A. Ross
Journal: BMJ (1968)

MEDIBJOURNgiven a bottle of antibiotic and is under the impression that once the total contents have been taken no further treatment is necessary.Repeated attacks of otitis media may be due to sterile pus remaining within the middle ear, but it is essential to look for con- tributory lesions in the rest of the upper respiratory tract.The adenoids and sinuses are sources of infection which demand investigation and treatment.The " glue ear " is a well-recognized cause of deafness in children,'but is overlooked because the drums appear normal.Abnormal physical signs such as a blue or yellow drum may be seen, but in a small child with a narrow canal it may be difficult to be certain of the appear- ance of the drum.
An investigative journalist looks at medical ethics.
Authors: D. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Campbell criticizes Britain's medical and research community and the General Medical Council (GMC) for their lack of initiative in investigating the activities of Drs. James Sharp and Jabar Sultan. Sharp and Sultan conducted a series of highly-publicized but unethical and potentially harmful experiments with private patients that was eventually brought to public attention by Campbell's report and a BBC television program. Campbell questions why senior doctors, journal reviewers, and others failed to speak out against Sharp and Sultan or to alert the GMC, and why the GMC did not investigate the researchers independently. He warns that with the increasing commercialization of British medicine, legislation is needed to create a national regulatory body to oversee standards in the private sector.
Erythrokeratolysis hietnalis—Oudtschoorn skin
Authors: D.M. France, S. Xerrr
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article Erythrokeratolysis hietnalis—Oudtschoorn skin Get access D.M. France, D.M. France Crawley Hospital, Crawley, Sussex Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Xerrr S. Xerrr Crawley Hospital, Crawley, Sussex Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 113, Issue s29, 1 July 1985, Page 46, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb13016.x Published: 01 July 1985
Simplified Method for Total Cerebral Angiography
Authors: Henry A. Shenkin
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The principal difficulty in completing angiographic study of the cerebral circulation has been failure to visualize the vertebral-basilar complex with ease and consistency. Percutaneous catheterization of the right brachial artery, the right vertebral artery visualized and the basilar artery and its branches together with the right common carotid artery and its branches. When pressure cuffs were applied to the patient's arms just prior to injection, the vertebral artery and its branches were well visualized in 90% of 50 patients and the right carotid artery and its branches were well seen in 82% of 50 consecutive patients. The study was completed by direct percutaneous injection of the left common carotid artery at the same sitting.
Mu-Chain Disease
Authors: Stanley L. Lee, Fred Rosner, William Ruberman, Sidney Glasberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

A patient with "heavy-chain disease" of the mu-chain variety is described. A syndrome of mu-chain disease may have been characterized in this and two previously reported cases as slowly progressive chronic lymphocytic leukemia with prominent hepatosplenomegaly, with pathologic fractures, and with apparent hypogammaglobulinemia, Bence-Jones proteinuria, and an abnormally negatively charged IgM fragment on serum immunoelectrophoresis. Evidence in this case is consistent with in vitro studies that suggest that the biochemical defect in mu-chain disease is a lack of normal coupling of light and heavy chains in the biosynthetic cells, rather than an over-production of heavy chains, as is the case in alpha and gamma heavy-chain diseases.
Teaching English for specific purposes.
Authors: M Kourilova
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Few would dispute the need for students of scientific disciplines to learn English. The teaching of English to scientists whose first language is not English is essentially utilitarian. The learners need English as a means of doing their work efficiently and of furthering their specialist education, and the language is not taught with a general educational aim in mind, as a cultural or social experience. As suggested by its name, English for specific purposes (ESP) covers both the common nucleus?the basic categories and patterns of communication and structure of the English language?and variations relevant to the specific use. Furthermore, the variety of uses to which English is put in different countries and the different degrees of proficiency required make it essential to consider each group of users in each country separately.
Surgery in Biliary Tract Disease
Authors: Frank Glenn
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The direct surgical attack upon biliary tract disease began less than a century ago, when Bobbs, in 1867, performed the first cholecystostomy. 1 Langenbuch reported the first recorded cholecystectomy in 1883. 1 Exploration of the common duct for removal of calculi was accomplished by Kummell in 1890. 2 By 1900, these three procedures had become established, and, while indications for their employment were well described, there was a general belief among the medical profession in the United States that the late stages and the complications of diseases of the biliary tract provided the most fertile field for operative intervention. Many believed that biliary tract disease could be tolerated well by most patients, and that the risk of surgery was greater than that arising from the disease. Medical management was by far the most frequent therapy accorded to patients.  From 1900 until 1923, when cholecystography was introduced by Graham, Cole, and
New council takes GMC to High Court for undue leniency
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The bodies that regulate the conduct of doctors and nurses in the United Kingdom were taken to the High Court last week under new powers to challenge decisions of healthcare regulatory bodies for the protection of the public.

In its first two cases, the new Council for the Regulation of Healthcare Professionals challenged a caution imposed on a nurse who viewed pornographic websites during his night shift on a children's ward, and a finding that a GP accused of having an affair with a patient was not guilty of serious professional misconduct. …
Magnitude of and Risk Factors for In-Hospital and Postdischarge Stroke in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Andrzej Budaj, Katarzyna Flasinska, Joel M. Gore, Frederick A. Anderson, Omar H. Dabbous, Frederick A. Spencer, Robert J. Goldberg, Keith A.A. Fox
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Stroke is a recognized complication after acute myocardial infarction, but few studies have investigated the incidence and outcome of stroke in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study examined the incidence and outcomes of hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic stroke and risk factors associated with stroke in patients with ACS. Methods and Results— Data were obtained from 35 233 patients enrolled in the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) with an ACS. In-hospital strokes occurred in 310 patients (0.9%), of which 100 (32.6%) were fatal. The incidence of in-hospital stroke was significantly higher in patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction than in non–ST-segment myocardial infarction or unstable angina (1.3%, 0.9%, 0.5%, respectively; P &lt;0.001). Overall, 35.5% of in-hospital strokes occurred within 6 days of hospitalization. The strongest risk factor for in-hospital nonhemorrhagic stroke was in-hospital CABG, followed by in-hospital atrial fibrillation, previous stroke, initial enzyme elevation, and advanced age. Prior statin use was a protective factor. After controlling for potential confounders, in-hospital mortality was significantly higher among patients who experienced an in-hospital stroke (adjusted odds ratio, 8.3; 95% CI, 6.0 to 11.4). A total of 269 additional strokes (1.1%) occurred within 6 months after discharge from hospital, of which 56 (20.9%) were fatal. The most important risk factor for postdischarge stroke was the occurrence of an in-hospital stroke. Conclusions— Stroke is an uncommon event in patients with ACS but is associated with high mortality. Despite current therapy, the incidence of postdischarge stroke is not low. New approaches are warranted to reduce the risk of stroke in patients with ACS.
Modification of Plasma Corticosteroid Concentrations during and after Surgery by Epidural Blockade
Authors: N. H. Gordon, D. B. Scott, I. W. P. Robb
Journal: BMJ (1973)

The adrenocortical response to major surgery was assessed by the measurement of plasma corticosteroid concentrations in patients receiving either a general anaesthetic alone or in combination with an epidural block. The expected increase in plasma corticosteroid concentration seen in the general anaesthesia group was significantly inhibited by epidural block. The inhibition was related to the duration of the epidural block. The lack of the normal adrenocortical response to surgery was not associated with cardiovascular collapse and indeed did not seem detrimental in any way. These findings question the need for corticosteroid “cover” for the stress of surgery in patients who have been taking corticosteroid drugs.
Digital archive of Lancet is launched
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Every issue of the Lancet going back to its first edition in 1823 is now available in digital format.

A two year project, which involved scanning and storing more than 370 000 articles, has produced a searchable database, which will be available for a one-off purchase payment. The cost will vary according to the size of the institution. For a medium sized institution, it will be about £55 000 ($91 700; €78 400), …
Eaton Agent Pneumonia
Authors: James R. Kingston
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The efficacy of demethylchlortetracycline in primary atypical pneumonia associated with Eaton agent was studied by a double-blind procedure. By a process of randomization, 290 bacteriologically negative patients with pneumonia were distributed between a test series who received 0.9 gm. of the drug per day for 6 days and a contratest series who received a placebo. The two series were comparable as to duration and severity of the illness when the patients were admitted to the study. The drug significantly reduced the duration of fever, rales, cough, and fatigue in Eaton pneumonia. It stopped the progression and accelerated the clearing of pulmonary infection.
Attention Reduces Stimulus-Driven Gamma Frequency Oscillations and Spike Field Coherence in V1
Authors: Matthew Chalk, Jose L. Herrero, Mark A. Gieselmann, Louise S. Delicato, Sascha Gotthardt, Alexander Thiele
Journal: Neuron (2010)

Rhythmic activity of neuronal ensembles has been proposed to play an important role in cognitive functions such as attention, perception, and memory. Here we investigate whether rhythmic activity in V1 of the macaque monkey (macaca mulatta) is affected by top-down visual attention. We measured the local field potential (LFP) and V1 spiking activity while monkeys performed an attention-demanding detection task. We show that gamma oscillations were strongly modulated by the stimulus and by attention. Stimuli that engaged inhibitory mechanisms induced the largest gamma LFP oscillations and the largest spike field coherence. Directing attention toward a visual stimulus at the receptive field of the recorded neurons decreased LFP gamma power and gamma spike field coherence. This decrease could reflect an attention-mediated reduction of surround inhibition. Changes in synchrony in V1 would thus be a byproduct of reduced inhibitory drive, rather than a mechanism that directly aids perceptual processing.
Treatment for Bromhidrosis
Authors: G. W. Richmond
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In Questions and Answers (<i>JAMA</i><b>177</b>:534 [Aug. 19] 1961) treatments for bromhidrosis were suggested. I have been very successful in treating this annoying condition with daily soakings in a saturated solution of boric and salicylic acids. The acid crystals are combined in equal parts, and 1 heaping tablespoon of this mixture is dissolved in each quart of boiling water. The solution is then cooled until the feet can be immersed in it comfortably. The feet are soaked for 20 to 30 minutes each evening for approximately 2 weeks, or until all dead skin is separated, and allowed to dry without toweling. The solution can be reheated and used again. As these acids are both deodorants, the odor disappears after the first soaking and may not reappear for as long as 1 year, at which time the treatment can be repeated. As an interesting side effect, it