tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TREATMENT OF THE BITES OF COPPERHEAD SNAKESBY LOCAL FREEZING COMBINED WITH THEFREFREQU APPLICATION OF A POTASSIUM M PERM GANATE SOLUTION.
Authors: C. W. R. CRUM
Journal: JAMA (1906)

For several years I have averaged about two cases of bites of copperhead snakes a year, and finally hit on a plan of treatment which gives me such good results that it may be worth while to communicate it to others. My earliest experience with the use of caustics locally and whisky and ammonia internally was unsatisfactory in many respects, although I had no deaths. During the past year I treated for two months a fearful ulcer of the finger and hand which was caused by cauterization with caustic potash for snake bite. The final result was a contracted palm and stiff fingers. Several years ago Dr. Thomas R. Brown<sup>1</sup>published an account of some experiments with potassium permanganate as an antidote to the venom of snakes of the viper class, e. g., rattlesnakes, copperheads and vipers. Previously I had used this drug in a measure, but afterward I
Endotoxin and Acute Renal Failure Associated with Obstructive Jaundice
Authors: E. N. Wardle, N. A. Wright
Journal: BMJ (1970)

A single dose of endotoxin given to rats with obstructive jaundice produced death with intravascular coagulation. This action was apparently due to delayed clearance of endotoxin from the circulation. The finding is relevant to "hepatorenal failure," which can be caused by bacteraemia after biliary tract operations.
Smoke exposure interacts with <i>ADAM33</i> polymorphisms in the development of lung function and hyperresponsiveness
Authors: N. E. Reijmerink, M. Kerkhof, G. H. Koppelman, J. Gerritsen, J. C. De Jongste, H. A. Smit, B. Brunekreef, D. S. Postma
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Introduction: ADAM33 is the first identified asthma gene by positional cloning, especially asthma combined with bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR). Moreover, ADAM33 is associated with early‐life lung function and decline of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ) in the general population. In utero and postnatal cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) are associated with reduced lung function, and development of BHR and asthma. We hypothesized that this may occur via interaction with ADAM33. Aim: To replicate the role of ADAM33 in childhood lung function and development of BHR and asthma. Furthermore, we investigated gene–environment interaction of ADAM33 with in utero and postnatal CSE in the Dutch PIAMA cohort. Methods: Six ADAM33 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped. Rint was measured at age 4 and 8 years, FEV 1 and BHR at age 8 years; asthma was based on questionnaire data at age 8. Results: In the total cohort, the rs511898 A, rs528557 C, and rs2280090 A alleles increased the risk to develop asthma (+BHR). There existed interaction between in utero but not postnatal CSE and the rs528557 and rs3918396 SNPs with respect to development of BHR, the rs3918396 SNP with Rint at age 8 and the rs528557 SNP with FEV 1 % predicted. Conclusions: We confirm associations between ADAM33 and the development of asthma (+BHR). This is the first study suggesting that interaction of in utero CSE with ADAM33 results in reduced lung function and the development of BHR, which needs further confirmation.
Outcomes of Reference Pricing for Angiotensin-Converting–Enzyme Inhibitors
Authors: Sebastian Schneeweiss, Alexander M. Walker, Robert J. Glynn, Malcolm Maclure, Colin Dormuth, Stephen B. Soumerai
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

In January 1997, reference pricing for angiotensin-converting–enzyme (ACE) inhibitors for patients 65 years of age or older was introduced in British Columbia, Canada. For medications within a specific class, insurance covers the cost up to the reference price, and patients pay the extra cost of more expensive medications. Although reference pricing may reduce the costs of prescription drugs, there is concern that patients may switch to less effective medications or stop treatment.
Preparation: Sometimes Good Is Not Good Enough
Authors: Donnie J. Self
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Johnston's article entitled "Preparation," in the Nov 23, 1984, issue ofThe Journal,<sup>1</sup>was somewhat unsettling to me both because it revealed yet another weakness in the medical education system and because it exhibited poor logic. First, the implied inadequacy of the medical education system in preparing students to encounter "a terrified, helpless old man dying in a horrible gory, painful death" is no doubt an accurate description of most medical education. It would, however, be interesting to know what Dr Johnston thinks would be adequate preparation for such an event. Second, although the article was interesting, engaging, and well written in other respects, it exhibited poor logic in several ways. For example, as difficult as it might be to imagine, the situation described as Mr G.'s death might have been even worse without the death and dying course that "seemed irrelevant and far away."
Book Review Pediatric Neuropsychiatry Edited by C. Edward Coffey, Roger A. Brumback, David R. Rosenberg, and Kytja K.S. Voeller. 748 pp., illustrated. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins, 2006. $149. 0-7817-5191-8
Authors: Bennett L. Leventhal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)
Uniform Clinical Trial Registration Policy for Journals of Kidney Diseases, Dialysis, and Transplantation
Authors: William G. Couser, Tilman Drueke, Phillip Halloran, Bertram Kasiske, Saulo Klahr, Peter Morris
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

Medical research can be seriously compromised by the selective publication of clinical trial results. Therefore, it is imperative that information regarding clinical trials be available to the general public. We require, as a condition of consideration for publication, registration in a public trials registry. Trials must register at or before the onset of patient enrollment. This policy applies to any clinical trial that starts enrollment after January 1, 2006. For trials that began enrollment before this date, we require registration by April 1, 2006, before considering the trial for publication. We define a clinical trial as any research project that prospectively assigns human subjects to intervention or comparison groups to study the cause-and-effect relationship between a medical intervention and a health outcome. Studies that are designed for other purposes, such as to study pharmacokinetics or major toxicity (e.g., phase 1 trials) are exempt. We do not advocate one particular registry, but registration must be with a registry that meets the following minimum criteria: Accessible to the public at no charge; Searchable by standard, electronic (internet-based) methods; Open to all prospective registrants free of charge or at minimal cost; Validates registered information; Identifies trials with a unique number; Includes information on the investigator(s), research question or hypothesis, methods, intervention and comparisons, eligibility criteria, primary and secondary outcomes measured, date of registration, anticipated or actual start date, anticipated or actual date of last follow-up, target number of subjects, status (anticipated, ongoing, or closed), and funding source(s) Registries that currently meet these criteria include: The registry sponsored by the U.S. National Library of Medicine (www.clinicaltrials.gov); The International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number registry (www.contolled-trials.com); The Cochrane Renal Group registry (www.cochrane-renal.org/trialsubmissionform.php); The National (UK) Research Register (www.update-software.com/national/); European Clinical Trials Database (http://eudract.emea.eu.int/).
Cut useless medical treatments, says Audit Commission
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Cutting the number of treatments that have low clinical value would save the NHS £500m (€562m; $814m) a year, a briefing from the Audit Commission says. The figures show what the NHS could save if it carried out fewer ineffective and inefficient treatments. The savings should be spent on treatments that have been shown to work, it says. The commission looked at several primary care trusts’ efforts to decommission treatments that offer low clinical value and found that there was a wide variation in the approaches they took, and in the treatments they targeted. Examples of the types of treatments that are deemed no longer necessary include:
After Cystectomy, Is It Justified to Perform a Bladder Replacement for Patients with Lymph Node Positive Bladder Cancer?
Authors: Thierry Lebret, Jean-Marie Herve, Laurent Yonneau, Vincent Molinie, Philippe Barre, Pierre-Marie Lugagne, Martine Butreau, Laurent Mignot, Henry Botto
Journal: European Urology (2002)
Evidence of Acinar Airway Involvement in Asthma
Authors: SYLVIA VERBANCK, DANIËL SCHUERMANS, MARC NOPPEN, ALAIN VAN MUYLEM, MANUEL PAIVA, WALTER VINCKEN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

We investigated acinar airway involvement in 20 patients with stable asthma, using the phase III slope analysis of the multiple breath N2 washout previously applied in a group of patients with COPD (Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1998;157:1573–1577). This technique quantifies severity of conductive and acinar components of ventilation maldistribution separately, through indices Scond and Sacin, which increase when respective ventilation inhomogeneities increase. We also investigated the effect of salbutamol inhalation on Scond and Sacin in patients with asthma and compared it with that obtained in patients with COPD. Baseline measurements in the patients with asthma show that (1) acinar ventilation inhomogeneity was indeed abnormal in patients with asthma (Sacin = 0.195 ± 0.026 L− 1) despite the normal diffusing capacity in this group; Sacin values were intermediate between those obtained in unaffected individuals and patients with COPD, and that (2) conductive ventilation inhomogeneity was abnormal in the patients with asthma (Scond = 0.076 ± 0.006 L− 1) but similar to that obtained in the patients with COPD. Measurements after salbutamol inhalations showed significant changes in Scond and Sacin only in the patients with asthma (p < 0.001). This study primarily demonstrated significant, but partially reversible, acinar airway impairment in patients with asthma, as compared with the more severe baseline acinar airway impairment in patients with COPD, which was not reversible after salbutamol inhalation.
1304 PEPTIDES PRODUCED BY AUTOLYSIS REACTIONS FROM WHEAT BRAN HAVE THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS IN NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS
Authors: T. Ueno, Y. Nogata, A. Nakamura, T. Nakamura, H. Koga, T. Torimura, M. Suetsugu, T. Yano, S. Baba, J. Taguchi, M. Kajiwara, K. Ishii, Y. Morita, E. Nagata, M. Sata
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Episodic giddiness and hyperventilation.
Authors: H. Lowenstein
Journal: BMJ (1969)

in which the subject of awareness during anaesthesia was discussed.Out of a total of 1,328 cases that I have recently anaesthetized, five cases have volunteered details of their operative experience indicating awareness.Three of these cases received nitrous-oxide-oxygen and relaxant anaesthesia-two out of a total of 25 caesarean sections and one case of multiple injuries.
Coronary Anatomy in Unstable or Preinfarction Angina: Its Relation to Prognosis.
Authors: Arthur J. Merrill
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972Coronary Anatomy in Unstable or Preinfarction Angina: Its Relation to Prognosis.Arthur J. Merrill Jr., M.D., Benigno Soto, M.D., Albert Oberman, M.D., F.A.C.P., David Roitman, M.D., William B. Jones, M.D., F.A.C.P., Thomas Sheffield, M.D.Arthur J. Merrill Jr., M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Benigno Soto, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Albert Oberman, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, David Roitman, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, William B. Jones, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Thomas Sheffield, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-866_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptBecause of increasing enthusiasm for emergency coronary angiograms and coronary bypass surgery for patients with unstable angina, particularly prolonged coronary pain without infarction, the angiograms and prognosis (average 20 months follow-up) of 35 patients with a change in their anginal pattern (average duration, 5.8 weeks before coronary angiogram) were reviewed. Twenty-five had angina at rest, or prolonged pain, or both. Results of angiograms were normal in six patients. Five had pain mainly at rest, and three had normal ECGs. All six had negative treadmill exercise tests. Of 27 patients with abnormal angiograms, nine had normal ECGs, but 19 of 23... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Birmingham, Ala. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByCoronary anatomy and arteriography in patients with unstable angina pectorisUnstable angina pectoris: National cooperative study group to compare medical and surgical therapy 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 866-866KeywordsAnginaAngiographyExerciseInfarctionPatientsSurgeryUnstable angina Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Outcomes of Older Patients Receiving Chronic Dialysis-Reply
Authors: Colene Byrne
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Lundin notes that our study fails to report or control for the adequacy of dialysis in our study population and that underdialysis may be responsible for the low survival rates in elderly dialysis patients. We agree that adequacy of and compliance with dialysis are two important determinants of survival, and we have noted in our study that because of the lack of these and other data, we were unable to explain survival patterns. However, we are unaware of any studies that suggest that underdialysis is more prevalent in the elderly and that improving dialysis will significantly raise their survival rates. The data clearly show that the difference in survival between ESRD patients and their age-matched peers increases with age, suggesting that even with adequate dialysis, elderly ESRD patients will have poor survival because of coexistent medical conditions and cumulative frailties. Age and cause of renal failure are
A Barefoot Physician
Authors: Eugene V. Boisaubin
Journal: JAMA (1983)

He was a striking man, slender, with fine features, approximately 60 years of age, with a tan complexion and a gray, closely cropped beard. He sat upright in the hospital bed, with his legs crossed, and possessed an aura of surprising serenity.  Who is that man? I questioned the senior resident.  Oh, him, he's a diabetic with a rotten toe. He is going to sign out AMA. Says he's a doctor from somewhere in the Middle East. Refuses surgery or antibiotics. I told him he is going to get septic and die if he's not treated.  I approached his bed and introduced myself as the attending physician for the ward. He smiled and in fluent English told me his name.  Are you a physician? I inquired.  Yes, I am.  Then why do you not want to be treated?  Ah, but I do want to have treatment.  Then why do you
Linkage and association studies of the lipoprotein lipase gene with postheparin plasma lipase activities, body fat, and plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations : The HERITAGE family study
Authors: Christophe Garenc, Louis Pérusse, Jacques Gagnon, Yvon C. Chagnon, Jean Bergeron, Jean-Pierre Després, Michael A. Province, Arthur S. Leon, James S. Skinner, Jack H. Wilmore, D.C. Rao, Claude Bouchard
Journal: Metabolism (2000)
Are coronary artery spasm and progressive damage to the heart associated with the hyperventilation syndrome?
Authors: L J Freeman, P G Nixon
Journal: BMJ (1985)

A case of coronary artery vasospasm was studied in a man with a four year history of angina. He had evidence of symptomatic hyperventilation during a spontaneous episode of chest pain. When asked to hyperventilate the pain in his chest and ST elevation were reproduced in the same leads as occurred during the spontaneous attack. This may be the first reported case of spontaneous hyperventilation producing vasoconstriction, and the patient9s previous admissions to the coronary care unit may have been associated with coronary vasospasm induced by hyperventilation. When patients with variant angina report pains in the chest in association with dizziness and breathlessness hyperventilation should be considered to be a possible cause of the symptoms. As coronary vasospasm is increasingly implicated in angina after myocardial infarction the role of hyperventilation should be considered more often.
TEMPORAL CHANGE IN CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN PATIENTS WITH NON-OBSTRUCTIVE PLAQUE ON CTA.
Authors: Joanne D. Schuijf, Jacob M. van Werkhoven, Bernard A. Herzog, Aju Pazhenkottil, J Wouter Jukema, Eric Boersma, Ernst E. van der Wall, Philipp A. Kaufmann, Jeroen J. Bax
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Evaluation of an endoscopic suturing device for transoral outlet reduction in patients with weight regain following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Authors: P. Jirapinyo, J. Slattery, M. B. Ryan, B. K. Abu Dayyeh, D. B. Lautz, C. C. Thompson
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> A dilated gastrojejunal anastomosis (GJA) is thought to be associated with weight regain in patients with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Due to a high rate of perioperative morbidity, surgical revision is not generally performed. The aim of this study was to assess the technical feasibility, safety, and early outcomes of a procedure using a commercially available endoscopic suturing device to reduce the diameter of the GJA. <b>Patients and methods:</b> This was a retrospective analysis of 25 consecutive patients who underwent transoral outlet reduction (TORe) for dilated GJA and weight regain. An endoscopic suturing device was used to place sutures at the margin of the GJA in order to reduce its aperture. On chart review, clinical data were available at 3, 6, and 12 months. <b>Results:</b> Patients had regained a mean of 24 kg from their weight loss nadir and had a mean body mass index of 43 kg/m<sup>2</sup> at the time of endoscopic revision. Average anastomosis diameter was 26.4 mm. Technical success was achieved in all patients (100 %) with a mean reduction in anastomosis diameter to 6 mm (range 3 – 10 mm), representing a 77.3 % reduction. The mean weight loss in successful cases was 11.5 kg, 11.7 kg, and 10.8 kg at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. There were no major complications. <b>Conclusion:</b> This case series demonstrated the technical feasibility, safety, and efficacy of performing gastrojejunostomy reduction using a commercially available endoscopic suturing device. This technique may represent an effective and minimally invasive option for the management of weight regain in patients with RYGB.
Methods in health services research: Interpreting the evidence: choosing between randomised and non-randomised studies
Authors: M. McKee, A. Britton, N. Black, K. McPherson, C. Sanderson, C. Bain
Journal: BMJ (1999)

This is the first of four articles

Evaluations of healthcare interventions can either randomise subjects to comparison groups, or not. In both designs there are potential threats to validity, which can be external (the extent to which they are generalisable to all potential recipients) or internal (whether differences in observed effects can be attributed to differences in the intervention). Randomisation should ensure that comparison groups of sufficient size differ only in their exposure to the intervention concerned. However, some investigators have argued that randomised controlled trials (RCTs) tend to exclude, consciously or otherwise, some types of patient to whom results will subsequently be applied Furthermore, in unblinded trials the outcome of treatment may be influenced by practitioners' and patients' preferences for one or other intervention. Though non-randomised studies are less selective in terms of recruitment, they are subject to selection bias in allocation if treatment is related to initial prognosis.

#### Summary points

Treatment effects obtained from randomised and non-randomised studies may differ, but one method does not give a consistently greater effect than the other

Treatment effects measured in each type of study best approximate when the exclusion criteria are the same and where potential prognostic factors are well understood and controlled for in the non-randomised studies

Subjects excluded from randomised controlled trials tend to have a worse prognosis than those included, and this limits generalisability

Subjects participating in randomised controlled trials evaluating treatment of existing conditions tend to be less affluent, educated, and healthy than those who do not; the opposite is true for trials of preventive interventions

View this table:

Threats to validity of evaluative research and possible solutions



These issues have led to extensive debate, although empirical evidence is limited. This paper is a brief summary of a more detailed review1 of the impact of these potential threats.

The review focused …
Hydroxychloroquine and chronic erythema nodosum
Authors: P. Jarrett, M.J.D. Goodfield
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Journal Article Hydroxychloroquine and chronic erythema nodosum Get access P. Jarrett, P. Jarrett Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Great George Street, West Yorkshire LS1 3EX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.J.D. Goodfield M.J.D. Goodfield Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Great George Street, West Yorkshire LS1 3EX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 134, Issue 2, 1 February 1996, Page 373, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb07635.x Published: 01 February 1996
Recent advances: Immunology
Authors: M. Kemeny, M. Peakman
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Immunology is one of the most recent subjects to have emerged as a separate discipline in biomedical science. Therefore, many clinicians currently practising will have received little or no basic or clinical training in this subject, while those who have will find that much has changed in the past five to 10 years. Access to this important aspect of medicine is hampered by the profligate use of acronyms and jargon, but some attempt has been made to bring order where chaos threatened. The CD (cluster of differentiation) system defines cell surface molecules and now stretches to CD161. The interleukin system of cytokine nomenclature (now up to interleukin 18) has rid the literature of BCGF (B cell growth factor) and other acronyms. The genetic age has brought with it a new nomenclature for the HLA system, which may be difficult for clinicians who are required to adapt from the old one but will be beneficial to new generations of clinicians. The reality is that immunology can no longer be avoided. Its relevance spans from pregnancy to senescence and from vaccination to cancer, a fact recognised by the 10 Nobel prizes for medicine or physiology awarded for key immunological advances, most recently to Zinkernagel and Doherty for their work on the specificity of cell mediated immune defence.