tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
New Response Criteria Proposed for Immunotherapies
Authors: Rabiya S. Tuma
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2008)

linical investigators are testing the antitumor activity of several immunotherapies in a variety of malignancies.But new data from trials in melanoma patients suggest that the standard criteria used to define tumor response and progression may not adequately reflect patient responses to immunotherapeutic agents.In a worst-case scenario, researchers say, the disconnect between patient responses and the criteria used to evaluate them could cause active drugs to fail in clinical trials and the regulatory process.With these concerns in mind, a group of academic and industry researchers proposed a modification to the standard response criteria, which they presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology."This is important to all of us in the field," said Jedd Wolchok, M.D., director of immunotherapy clinical trials at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York and a coauthor on the proposal."We don't want to see drugs discarded because the response criteria are inappropriate."Researchers typically use Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria or modifi ed World Health Organization (mWHO) criteria to defi ne tumor responses and disease progression.Both systems were developed for the evaluation of cytotoxic chemotherapies and rely on tumor shrinkage to indicate antitumor activity.By contrast, in several recent trials that tested an antibody that inhibits CTLA-4, a key immune system checkpoint, some patients appeared to derive long-term survival benefi t from the treatment but showed continued tumor growth initially.By standard criteria, such patients would be classifi ed as having pro-gressive disease and taken off the study drug.
Delayed reconstitution of B cell immunity to pneumococcus in HIV-infected Malawian children on antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Oluwadamilola H. Iwajomo, Peter Moons, Rose Nkhata, David Mzinza, Abiodun D. Ogunniyi, Neil A. Williams, Robert S. Heyderman, Adam Finn
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)

Despite CD4(+) count restoration and viral load suppression with antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-infected children remain at increased risk of life-threatening infections including invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). We therefore investigated whether persistent susceptibility to IPD following ART is associated with incomplete recovery of B-cell function.
Epidemiologic Assessment of the Role of Blood Pressure in Stroke
Authors: William B. Kannel
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Control of hypertension, labile or fixed, systolic or diastolic, at any age, in either sex appears to be central to prevention of atherothrombotic brain infarction (ABI). Prospectively, hypertension proved the most common and potent precursor of ABI's. Its contribution was direct and could not be attributed to factors related both to stroke and hypertension. Asymptomatic, causal "hypertension" was associated with a risk of ABI about four times that of normotensives. The probability of occurrence of an ABI was predicted no better with both blood pressure measurements or the mean arterial pressure than with systolic alone. Since there was no diminishing impact of systolic pressure with advancing age, the concept that systolic elevations are, even in the aged, innocuous is premature. Comparing normotensives and hypertensives in each sex, women did not tolerate hypertension better than men.
TIMING AND RISK FACTORS OF GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING AND ANEMIA OF UNDETERMINED SOURCE AFTER HEARTMATE II VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE
Authors: Matthew Bunte, Maria Mountis, Jeffrey Fowler, Aska Ozaki, Lee Joseph, Lucy Thuita, Gonzalo Gonzalez-Stawinski, Eugene Blackstone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
The neuroimmune guidance cue netrin-1 promotes atherosclerosis by inhibiting the emigration of macrophages from plaques
Authors: Janine M van Gils, Merran C Derby, Luciana R Fernandes, Bhama Ramkhelawon, Tathagat D Ray, Katey J Rayner, Sajesh Parathath, Emilie Distel, Jessica L Feig, Jacqueline I Alvarez-Leite, Alistair J Rayner, Thomas O McDonald, Kevin D O'Brien, Lynda M Stuart, Edward A Fisher, Adam Lacy-Hulbert, Kathryn J Moore
Journal: Nature Immunology (2012)
Evaluation of Two Methods of Self Blood Glucose Monitoring by Trained Insulin-dependent Diabetic Adolescents Outside the Hospital
Authors: Alicia Schiffrin, Micheline Desrosiers, Mimi Belmonte
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

We studied the accuracy of the Chemstrip bG and Glucometer systems in the self-monitoring of blood glucose by trained adolescents. The determinations were done at home with simultaneous collection of whole blood into capillary tubes (Sarstedt) which were later analyzed by a glucose-Oxidase analyzer (Beckman Instruments). In both cases, there was an excellent correlation between laboratory concen-trations and Chemstrip bG (r = 0.96, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and Glucometer (r = 0.96, P &amp;lt; 0.001). Comparisonsmade at 8 mo remained with the same degree of accuracy. There was a trend toward greater deviation with higher plasma glucose values. Well-trained patients can achieve sufficientaccuracy to permit the use of either of the methods tested with similar results.
Risk Factors For Adults with a History of Penicillin Allergy
Authors: A.J. Apter, F. Wan, J. Chittams, B. Adelsberg, S. Andrew, M. Blaiss, M. Columbo, A. Davidson, P. Detjen, B. De Cotiis, D. Dvorin, L. Ford, S. Gawchik, S. Gillman, M. Grijnsztein, G. Gross, M. Hoffman, M. Lanz, A. Stillerman, P. Takach, T. Rebbeck
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
New editor named for AMA pathology journal
Authors: Kimberly Glasbrenner
Journal: JAMA (1983)

On Jan 1, 1984, William W. McLendon, MD, of the University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill) School of Medicine, will become the sixth editor of the American Medical Association'sArchives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. He will succeed Kenneth M. Brinkhous, MD, also of that university, who has served as editor for the past ten years. TheArchiveswill also undergo a change in structure in January. As McLendon explains, "We plan to expand into such areas as laboratory improvement, quality assurance, and the use of computer technology in the laboratory setting." This change is the result of an agreement between the College of American Pathologists and the AMA to cosponsor theArchivesso as to expand its subject matter and increase its readership. Says Brinkhous: "This is a good move for the entire pathology community." McLendon, too, believes the joint project may serve as a model for future collaborations
Asterixis After Metrizamide Myelography
Authors: Frederick M. Vincent
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Metrizamide is a nonionic water-soluble contrast agent that is used primarily for myelographic examinations. A high incidence of transient side effects is noted to occur after its use; headache, nausea and vomiting, and back or leg pain are frequently seen.<sup>1</sup>Seizures and changes in mental status have been rarely reported; in one review only seven of 6,000 patients who had metrizamide myelograms suffered from seizures after the procedure, and these seizures may have been secondary to a preexisting seizure disorder or caused by pretreatment with neuroleptic medications.<sup>2</sup>We recently observed three patients who had asterixis develop after metrizamide myelography; to our knowledge, this side effect has not been previously reported. Two of the patients had cervical myelograms, and a total dose of 2,200 mg I of metrizamide was injected into the lumbar subarachnoid space; the remaining patient received a total dose of 1,700 mg I
Inhibition of the Na <sup>+</sup> /H <sup>+</sup> Exchanger Delays the Development of Rapid Pacing–Induced Atrial Contractile Dysfunction
Authors: Gregory T. Altemose, Douglas P. Zipes, Juan Weksler, John M. Miller, Jeffrey E. Olgin
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Atrial mechanical stunning due to atrial fibrillation may persist after restoration of sinus rhythm. Although the mechanism of rapid rate-related contractile dysfunction remains unknown, ischemia, pH changes, and calcium overload have been postulated as potential mechanisms. We hypothesized that blockade of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE) would alter atrial contractile dysfunction from rapid rates.Twenty-three anesthetized dogs were studied and subjected to 5 hours of rapid right atrial pacing. Ten received an inhibitor of the NHE, 10 received saline, and 3 received nifedipine. All animals underwent placement of 2 sonomicrometers on the left atrium, transesophageal echocardiography, and invasive hemodynamic monitoring. All measurements were made in sinus rhythm. Except for baseline and postdrug measurements, reduction in left atrial fractional shortening was significantly less at all time points in the NHEI group than in the control and nifedipine groups (P:=0.05). The percent change from baseline of left atrial function at all time intervals as assessed by left atrial appendage contraction velocity (LAACV) was significantly less in the NHEI group than in the control (P:=0.05) group. LAACV was significantly preserved at all time intervals (except 300 minutes) in the NHEI group compared with the nifedipine group (P:=0.05). The only significant difference in hemodynamics among the groups was between the control and the nifedipine groups at 30 minutes after drug (P:=0.05).Treatment with HOE642 significantly blunts the decline in left atrial mechanical function from rapid atrial rates compared with both control and nifedipine-treated groups.
Surgeon who shouted and swore at colleagues is suspended
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A surgeon who had to be ordered out of the operating theatre after shouting and swearing at colleagues and throwing a tissue collection bag in anger has been suspended for 12 months by a fitness to practise panel.

Moudar Maximilian Mahfoud, 49, was also found to have become so aggressive with a patient’s husband that hospital security guards were called, an incident which prompted his resignation from the Princess Alexandra Hospital in Essex and led the hospital trust to report him to the General Medical Council.

Mahfoud, a native of Syria, has left the United Kingdom and waived his right to attend the Manchester hearing of the Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service, but he continued to communicate with GMC officials by emails, some of which were acerbic. In one he wrote, “ISIS …
Pneumopancreatogram after injection therapy for bleeding duodenal ulcer
Authors: E. Saperas, A. Miranda, J. Armengol, J. Malagelada
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

A 50-year-old woman was admitted with a history of melena in the last 24 h. She reported having suffered intermittent mild mid-epigastric pain, postprandial nausea, and bilious emesis during the past 3 months. She was taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs up to 1200 mg per day. On examination she was pale, afebrile, with a regular heart rate at 100 beats/min and a blood pressure of 110/60 mm Hg. She had abdominal tenderness with no signs of guarding. Laboratory data showed the hemoglobin concentration at 7 g/dL and leukocytosis (23 × 109/L). Plain abdominal and chest radiographs were normal. After stabilization, gastroscopy revealed a large duodenal ulcer covered by a nonremovable blood clot and oozing that was effectively controlled by injection therapy with ethanolamine. After endoscopy the patient was in severe pain, and a CT scan of the abdomen revealed pneumopancreas ([Fig. 1]). She responded promptly to conservative medical therapy. The follow-up CT 14 days later showed a marked reduction of the pneumopancreas, with a thin, air-filled fistulous tract between the gastric lumen and the pancreatic duct ([Fig. 2]). Complete healing of the ulcer was achieved with antisecretory therapy. The patient presented 3 months later with jaundice as a result of stricture of the distal common bile duct. Surgical hepaticojejunostomy was performed and she recovered uneventfully and is cholangitis-free, 1 year after the operation.
Australian ministers threaten restrictions on junk food advertising
Authors: C. Zinn
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Advertisers of junk food who target children could face tougher rules as the Australian government moves to tackle the health issues caused by the one in five children who are obese.

The warning by the children's minister to the advertising industry, which was welcomed by a leading GPs' group, came as the national taskforce tackling obesity published new research about the persistence of childhood fat into adulthood.

The threat of tighter regulation in advertising was made by Larry Anthony, the children's minister, who said there were a million …
Dose-responsive increases in pulmonary fibrosis after inhalation of asbestos.
Authors: T R Quinlan, J P Marsh, Y M Janssen, K O Leslie, D Hemenway, P Vacek, B T Mossman
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

We focused here on steady-state mRNA levels of genes involved in antioxidant defense, i.e., manganese superoxide dismutase and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, and in cell proliferation, i.e., ornithine decarboxylase, c-jun, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase in whole-lung homogenates from Fischer 344 rats at 3 h to 20 d after exposure to crocridolite asbestos. Changes in gene expression were correlated with histopathologic findings, total and differential cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage, and levels of hydroxyproline in lung. Dosage-dependent increases in mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes and proliferation-related genes were observed. Differential cell counts revealed a dose-related infiltration of neutrophils that preceded elevations in gene expression. Neutrophil infiltration into lung and focal lesions of fibrosis as well as increased levels of hydroxyproline were observed only at high concentrations of asbestos. These results indicate that high airborne concentrations of asbestos cause molecular changes in lung that may be related to antioxidant defense and the triggering of cell proliferation, a feature of asbestosis and lung cancer.
Abstract 3364: Evaluation of CD133/CD44 expression level in resected gastric cancer tissues after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Hiroshi Yoshida, Takako Eguchi Nakajima, Hirokazu Taniguchi, Yousuke Horita, Kenkichi Masutomi, Tadakazu Shimoda, Yasuhide Yamada
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence suggests that there is a small subset of cells, called cancer stem cells (CSC), that are responsible for cancer initiation, development, metastasis and treatment resistance. Although CD133 and CD44 are thought to be the putative markers to characterize CSC of various solid tumors such as brain cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer and prostate cancer, the link between expression status of CD133/44 and the clnical future of resected gastric cancer tissues after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy has not yet studied. We evaluated CD133/44 expression status in resected gastric cancer issue after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 32 cases were selected from advanced gastric cancer specimens of patients who underwent neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (S-1 and cisplatin or irinotecan and cisplatin or S-1 monotherapy) and surgical resection between 2001 and 2007 at the National Cancer Center Hospital. Immunohistochemical staining with anti-CD133 and anti-CD44 antibody were performed with these specimens. Immunopositive cells were counted from 10 fields in the representative section and expressed as a percentage. The specimen with necrosis or disappearance of the tumor cells in more than 1/3 of the whole lesion was defined as positive histological response specimen. Correlation of immunoreactivity with clinicopathological variables was evaluated and survival curves were compared between CD133/CD44 positive and negative cases. RESULTS: Patient characteristics: median age 57 years (range 31-74); male/female 22/10; histological type diffuse-type/intestinal-type 25/7. CD133 and CD44 expression (positive cells: 0% &amp;lt;) were detected in 24 specimens (75%), and 29 specimens (91%), respectively. There was no significant difference of histological response rate between the CD133 positive and negative group (17% vs 50%, P=0.152). Median survival times were 30.4months in CD133+ group and 27.7months in CD133- group (P=0.65). Median relapse free survivals were 22.1months in CD133+ group and 17.6months in CD133- group (P=0.33). Histological type of gastric cancer (intestinal type vs diffuse type) was not correlated with CD133/CD44 expression. CONCLUSION: CD133 and CD44 were frequently expressed in gastric cancer tissues after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This study had limited numbers of patient sample and we were unable to study the CD133/44 status before treatment. Further study to identify the usefulness of CD133 and CD44 to predict the prognosis in gastric cancer patients is warranted. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3364.
Coronary Sclerosis and Hiatus Hernia
Authors: Mardoqueo I. Salomon
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The Journal(<b>178</b>:1056 [Dec. 9] 1961) carried a reply in reference to a 42-year-old woman complaining of pains in the left shoulder. She apparently has 8 attacks daily, each lasting 10 minutes. No relation to effort is mentioned. "Nitroglycerin (but not pentaerythritol) gives relief." What's more, she has a diaphragmatic hernia. Your consultant claims that this is evidence for coronary sclerosis and advises apparently permanent anticoagulation. I shall not go into the matter of the preventive value of anticoagulants in coronary sclerosis; this is, to say the least, controversial. But I strongly suspect that in the absence of definitive ECG changes during an attack, or at least after exercise, the diagnosis should be open to question. I hardly believe that the level of cholesterol has more than a statistical value from a diagnostic viewpoint. Thus, to expose the woman—on such a dubious basis—to the psychologic trauma
Autonomic reflexes and vascular reactivity in experimental scurvy in man
Authors: François M. Abboud, James Hood, Robert E. Hodges, Howard E. Mayer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

Ascorbic acid is a required cofactor in the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine in vitro, and the deficiency of this vitamin in guinea pigs is associated with degeneration of autonomic ganglion cells and with cardiac supersensitivity to norepinephrine. Because of these findings, we tested the hypothesis that ascorbic acid deficiency in man alters autonomic cardiovascular reflexes and vasomotor responses to adrenergic stimuli. We studied five normal volunteers who had been deprived of ascorbic acid for a period of 3 months; they had developed symptoms and signs of scurvy and their plasma levels of ascorbic acid averaged 0.178 +/-SE 0.07 mg/100 ml. We repeated the studies after giving the subjects vitamin C for a period of 4 months; they had become asymptomatic and their plasma ascorbic acid had increased to an average of 1.68 +/-0.151 mg/100 ml. Blood flow to the left forearm (plethysmograph), arterial and central venous pressures, and heart rate were measured before and after exposure of the lower half of the body to subatmospheric levels of pressure and before and after intravenous and intra-arterial (left brachial artery) infusions of norepinephrine and tyramine. Average values of blood flow (7.9 +/-1.4 ml/min per 100 ml), arterial pressure (91.2 +/-4.6 mm Hg), heart rate (68 +/-4.4 beats/min), central venous pressure (6.1 +/-1.1 mm Hg), and plasma catecholamines (0.68 +/-0.20 mug/liter) obtained during ascorbic acid deficiency were not altered significantly after correction of the deficiency. Vasoconstrictor responses to intra-arterial norepinephrine and tyramine were augmented after vitamin repletion. During ascorbic acid deficiency, four subjects had reduced responsiveness of resistance vessels of the forearm to lower body negative pressure as compared to the responsiveness observed after vitamin repletion. Reflex tachycardia during lower body negative pressure and reflex bradycardia during the pressor responses to intravenous tyramine and norepinephrine were similar during the two studies. The results suggest that the decreased vascular responsiveness to intra-arterial norepinephrine and tyramine and to lower body negative pressure during ascorbic acid deficiency is caused by a defect in the ability of resistance vessels to constrict in response to adrenergic stimuli. Ascorbic acid deficiency in man does not interrupt autonomic reflexes and does not appear to cause significant depletion of endogenous norepinephrine.
Role of liver biopsy in management of chronic hepatitis C: A systematic review
Authors: Kelly A. Gebo, H. Franklin Herlong, Michael S. Torbenson, Mollie W. Jenckes, Geetanjali Chander, Khalil G. Ghanem, Samer S. El-Kamary, Mark Sulkowski, Eric B. Bass
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

This systematic review addresses 2 questions pertinent to the need for pretreatment liver biopsy in patients with chronic hepatitis C: how well do liver biopsy results predict treatment outcomes for chronic hepatitis C? How well do biochemical blood tests and serologic measures of fibrosis predict the biopsy findings in chronic hepatitis C? Medline and other electronic databases were searched from January 1985 to March 2002. Additional articles were sought in references of pertinent articles and recent journals and by querying experts. Articles were eligible for review if they reported original human data from a study that used virological, histological, pathologic, or clinical outcome measures. Paired reviewers assessed the quality of each eligible study and abstracted data. Studies suggested that advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis on initial liver biopsy is associated with a modestly decreased likelihood of a sustained virological response (SVR) to treatment. Also, studies relatively consistently showed that serum aminotransferases have modest value in predicting fibrosis on biopsy; that extracellular matrix tests hyaluronic acid and laminin may have value in predicting fibrosis, and that panels of tests may have the greatest value in predicting fibrosis or cirrhosis. Biochemical and serologic tests were best at predicting no or minimal fibrosis, or at predicting advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis, and were poor at predicting intermediate levels of fibrosis. Thus, evidence suggests that liver biopsy may have some usefulness in predicting efficacy of treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C, and biochemical blood tests and serologic tests currently have only modest value in predicting fibrosis on liver biopsy.