tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
COX-2 Inhibitors — Lessons in Drug Safety
Authors: Bruce M. Psaty, Curt D. Furberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Approximately six years after the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors were approved for use in the United States, the results of three randomized, placebo-controlled trials provide new evidence about the cardiovascular risks of rofecoxib, celecoxib, and valdecoxib.13 The Adenomatous Polyp Prevention on Vioxx (APPROVe) trial, a study of patients with a history of colorectal adenomas, was stopped early because rofecoxib doubled the risk of major cardiovascular events (relative risk, 1.92; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.19 to 3.11). These findings confirmed the increased risk of myocardial infarction previously seen in the Vioxx Gastrointestinal Outcomes Research (VIGOR) trial4 and some observational studies.5 The . . .
The Immunoreceptor TIGIT Regulates Antitumor and Antiviral CD8 + T Cell Effector Function
Authors: Robert J. Johnston, Laetitia Comps-Agrar, Jason Hackney, Xin Yu, Mahrukh Huseni, Yagai Yang, Summer Park, Vincent Javinal, Henry Chiu, Bryan Irving, Dan L. Eaton, Jane L. Grogan
Journal: Cancer Cell (2014)
N17 Modifies Mutant Huntingtin Nuclear Pathogenesis and Severity of Disease in HD BAC Transgenic Mice
Authors: Xiaofeng Gu, Jeffrey P. Cantle, Erin R. Greiner, C.Y. Daniel Lee, Albert M. Barth, Fuying Gao, Chang Sin Park, Zhiqiang Zhang, Susana Sandoval-Miller, Richard L. Zhang, Marc Diamond, Istvan Mody, Giovanni Coppola, X. William Yang
Journal: Neuron (2015)
Free Cholesterol Enhances Adenoviral Vector Gene Transfer and Expression in CAR-Deficient Cells
Authors: Stefan Worgall, Tilla S. Worgall, Kostas Kostarelos, Ravi Singh, Philip L. Leopold, Neil R. Hackett, Ronald G. Crystal
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2000)

Efficient adenovirus vector-mediated gene transfer depends on the presence of sufficient amounts of the high-affinity coxsackie–adenovirus (Ad) receptor (CAR) on the surface of the target cell leading to receptor-mediated endocytosis of the vector. The present study evaluates the effect of free cholesterol, a lipid component of endocytic vesicles, on Ad uptake into CAR-deficient cells. Infection in the presence of free cholesterol at its maximum solubility in water led to increased binding, uptake, and expression of Ad in human skin fibroblasts and alveolar macrophages, two primary human cells known to be deficient in CAR. The effect of free cholesterol was maximal at its solubility maximum in aqueous solution. Increase of Ad vector-mediated gene transfer with cholesterol was dependent on the lack of CAR receptor expression on the surface and was diminished by overexpression of CAR in CAR-deficient cells. Cholesterol-mediated increase of Ad-mediated gene expression was dependent on coincubation of both cholesterol and Ad and was not dependent on the cholesterol content of the cell. Increased Ad vector-mediated gene expression in the presence of free cholesterol was also observed in murine skin in vivo. Structural analysis of the Ad–cholesterol mixture showed complexation between Ad particles leading to formation of multivirus aggregates due to hydrophobic interaction. The addition of free cholesterol with Ad vectors may be a simple way to increase Ad-mediated gene transfer to cells that are poor targets due to their lack of a sufficient number of Ad receptors.
Tc-99m Sestamibi Myocardial Imaging at Rest for Evaluation of Cocaine-Induced Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction
Authors: MONITAS YUEN-GREEN, CHI-KWAN YEN, AILEEN D. LIM, ROBERT J. LULL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Many clinical cases of cocaine-induced myocardial infarction have been reported in the literature. Of the reported cases, patients tend to be young (in the third decade of life), chronic abusers with myocardial infarction typically involving the anterior left ventricular wall. This case report demonstrates the usefulness of two-phase (symptomatic and asymptomatic) Tc-99m sestamibi myocardial imaging at rest for definitive diagnosis of cocaine-induced myocardial ischemia and infarction.
General practice observed. Child abuse and general practice.
Authors: K Beswick, M A Lynch, J Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1976)

In a general practice of 9250 patients with 1841 children under 10 there were 12 cases of actual abuse during 1973-6. In March 1976 30 children were at risk. A preventive scheme was set up and the short-term outcome was good. There were no cases of serious abuse among the children at risk.
Chronic Exposure to Fine Particles and Mortality: An Extended Follow-up of the Harvard Six Cities Study from 1974 to 2009
Authors: Johanna Lepeule, Francine Laden, Douglas Dockery, Joel Schwartz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Epidemiologic studies have reported associations between fine particles (aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm; PM2.5) and mortality. However, concerns have been raised regarding the sensitivity of the results to model specifications, lower exposures, and averaging time.
Campaign to deliver AIDS drugs to 3 million will miss end of year target
Authors: Bob Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The ambitious goal of providing antiretroviral treatment to three million people living with HIV/AIDS in low and middle income countries by the end of 2005 is not likely to be met, an interim report says. The report, published this week by the World Health Organization and UNAIDS, estimates that a million people currently are receiving the treatment. This is an increase from 400 000 when the initiative began in December 2003 but short of the milestone of 1.6 million.

Estimates are that 6.5 million people worldwide would benefit from getting anti-HIV treatment. “We are going to get to three million, though …
Investigation of the health status of Michigan chemical corporation employees.
Authors: H A Anderson, M S Wolff, A Fischbein, I J Selikoff
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Clinical findings are reported for a group of 55 employees of the Michigan Chemical Corporation which manufactured FireMaster BP-6 from 1970 to 1974, in addition to a variety of other halogenated fire retardant chemicals. The results are compared with those from a group of male farm residents and consumers from Michigan examined at the same time. An increased prevalence of chest and skin symptoms was observed, compared with farmers. Skin symptoms were more prevalent among former PBB production personnel. Musculosketal symptoms were less prevalent among these workers than among farmers. Serum PBB concentrations are signicantly higher than among farmers. Blood chemistry results were similar for workers and farmers. However, both groups exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of elevated liver function tests (SGOT, SPGT) than a control population of nonexposed farmers. Both farmers and chemical workers showed an association of elevated CEA with serum PBB greater than 10 ppb.
A novel role of nucleostemin in maintaining the genome integrity of dividing hepatocytes during mouse liver development and regeneration
Authors: Tao Lin, Wessam Ibrahim, Cheng-Yuan Peng, Milton J. Finegold, Robert Y.L. Tsai
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

During liver development and regeneration, hepatocytes undergo rapid cell division and face an increased risk of DNA damage associated with active DNA replication. The mechanism that protects proliferating hepatocytes from replication-induced DNA damage remains unclear. Nucleostemin (NS) is known to be up-regulated during liver regeneration, and loss of NS is associated with increased DNA damage in cancer cells. To determine whether NS is involved in protecting the genome integrity of proliferating hepatocytes, we created an albumin promoter-driven NS conditional-null (albNScko) mouse model. Livers of albNScko mice begin to show loss of NS in developing hepatocytes from the first postnatal week and increased DNA damage and hepatocellular injury at 1-2 weeks of age. At 3-4 weeks, albNScko livers develop bile duct hyperplasia and show increased apoptotic cells, necrosis, regenerative nodules, and evidence suggestive of hepatic stem/progenitor cell activation. CCl4 treatment enhances degeneration and DNA damage in NS-deleted hepatocytes and increases biliary hyperplasia and A6+ cells in albNScko livers. After 70% partial hepatectomy, albNScko livers show increased DNA damage in parallel with a blunted and prolonged regenerative response. The DNA damage in NS-depleted hepatocytes is explained by the impaired recruitment of a core DNA repair enzyme, RAD51, to replication-induced DNA damage foci. Conclusion: This work reveals a novel genome-protective role of NS in developing and regenerating hepatocytes. (Hepatology 2013; 58:2176–2187)
OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE PRESERVATION OF HEARING
Authors: W. SOHIER BRYANT
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The opportunities for the preservation of hearing include (1) systematic aural inspection for the detection of objective signs of impairment of the hearing, and (2) the adaptation of the operative technic to include the preservation of the hearing.  SYSTEMATIC AURAL INSPECTION  This scheme of systematic prophylaxis would apply to all ear diseases and defects not congenital, among them those originating in the pharynx, the nose, the eustachian tube, external canal, the ear complications of general diseases, nervous conditions and trauma, We thus include the stubborn forms of deafness due to chronic middle-ear catarrh, and absolute deafness of labyrinthine or nervous origin, as well as those inflammations of the tympanomastoid region which threaten entire loss of hearing and even life itself. At greater length we may catalogue them as inflammations of the pharynx, obstructions, adenoids and tonsils; inflammation of the nose and irregularities, hypertrophies and obstructions; obstructions and inflammation of the
Mammographic Screening of Elderly Women
Authors: Stephen A. Feig
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Analgesic Nephritis-Reply
Authors: Benedict R. Harrow
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Drs. Harrow and Sloane, authors of one of the articles mentioned reply in the next letter. Previous animal experiments with large doses of salicylates (or phenacetin) have failed to produce renal papillary necrosis, although a renal interstitial reaction was identified. Therefore, Dr. Feller's findings are intriguing and may have clinical significance of considerable importance. The details of his method and reasons for his ability to produce the necrosis with salicylates (and acetazolamide) are eagerly awaited. Present evidence still points to phenacetin rather than salicylates as the etiological agent in the clinical syndrome for the following reasons: In world-wide reports of kidney damages associated with analgesic abuse, phenacetin was the one compound always present. In the large number of cases from Switzerland, Saridon was the most widely used preparation, but Saridon does not contain salicylates. (The formula is isopropylantipyrine, 150 mg; phenacetin, 250 mg; caffeine, 50 mg, and 3,3-diethyl-2,4-dioxo-tetrahydro-pyridine. ) Likewise, in
LPS-induced tyrosine nitration of hepatic glutamine synthetase
Authors: Boris Görg, Matthias Wettstein, Sabine Metzger, Freimut Schliess, Dieter Häussinger
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

In our previous study,1 mass spectrometry identified the peptide NH2-KGYFEDR-COOH from sheep glutamine synthetase (GS) as a site of tyrosine nitration (Fig. 7 in Görg et al.1). The amino acid sequence was aligned around Y160 of rat GS,1 which apparently lines the ammonium binding pocket.2 Extended alignment studies demonstrated that the peptide even better fits around Y335 of rat GS, which is highly conserved among eukaryotic GSs. Generalized profile searches with the pftools package (http://www.isrec.isb-sib.ch/ftp-server/pftools/) allowed us to reliably align mammalian Y335 to R355 of the structurally characterized bacterial GS from Salmonella (PDB entry 1F1H). The position of R355 in the structure suggests that the mammalian Y335 residue directly stacks with the purine system of GS-bound ADP/ATP (adenosine diphosphate/adenosine triphosphate), and in addition might contribute to the interface with the neighboring subunit (Kay Hofmann, Memorec Biotec GmbH, Cologne, Germany; personal communication). Both functions may be impaired by nitration of Y335. This additional aspect underlines our conclusion that nitration of active site tyrosine residues critically contributes to GS inactivation by nitrosative stress. Boris Görg*, Matthias Wettstein*, Sabine Metzger , Freimut Schliess*, Dieter Häussinger*, * Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectiology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany, Biological Medical Research Center, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Breast-Feeding and Risk for Childhood Obesity
Authors: Elizabeth J. Mayer-Davis, Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, Li Zhou, Frank B. Hu, Graham A. Colditz, Matthew W. Gillman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

fects on glucose tolerance resulting from increased relative weight, as also observed in our study (2).We strictly support the statement of Mayer-Davis et al. (1) that breast-feeding should be recommended for all women.However, against the background of the rather exemplary arguments provided here, this story is far from being finished.Much more research is urgently needed, especially to ensure safety of our general recommendation also in the case of early neonatal breast-feeding by diabetic/ overweight mothers.
Assessment of linezolid efficacy and safety in MDR- and XDR-TB: an Indian perspective
Authors: Z. F. Udwadia, T. Sen, G. Moharil
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

well put young people at an unacceptable risk.A young person most likely needs higher absolute values to qualify for safe resection; in other words, a 25-yr-old patient with 20% ppo function for FEV1 has much more unhealthy lungs than a 70yr-old patient with a ppo value of 30%, although in absolute values they both have 0.9 L.The current use of percent of predicted values has been shown to work well and, generally speaking, guidelines should suggest cut-off values which err on the side of safety.The trend to include more patients with marginal cardio-pulmonary functional reserves for resection will continue [4], but must be based on evidence.
Administration of exogenous endothelin-1 following vascular balloon injury: early and late effects on intimal hyperplasia
Authors: Alan W Barolet, Saeid Babaei, Ranga Robinson, Pierre Picard, Winston Tsui, Nafiseh Nili, Farida Mohamed, Olga Ornatsky, John D Sparkes, Duncan J Stewart, Bradley H Strauss
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Administration of exogenous endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been shown to stimulate neointimal hyperplasia following arterial balloon angioplasty (BA). However, the specific effects of ET-1 on the cellular and extracellular matrix response of the vessel wall after balloon injury and the persistence of these ET-1 effects have not been studied. The objectives of this study were to determine the acute (1 week) and long term (10 weeks) effects of administering exogenous ET-1 after arterial BA on neointimal hyperplasia, collagen synthesis and content, cellular proliferation, and ETA and ETB receptor expression. Thirty-one rabbits were randomized to receive subcutaneous ET-1 (500 pmol/kg/day for 1 week) or placebo time-release pellets and sacrificed at either 1 or 10 weeks after BA. At 1 week, there was a significant two-fold increase in intimal cross-sectional area (CSA) in ET-1 treated animals compared with placebo. ET-1 treated animals showed significant increases in collagen synthesis (ten-fold) and collagen content (three-fold) compared to placebo treated animals. ET-1 treated animals also had a significant increase (two-fold) in proliferation rates. In addition, ETA and ETB receptor expression were significantly upregulated in ET-1 treated animals. By 10 weeks these stimulatory effects on intimal CSA and collagen content were no longer evident with a 'catch up' phenomenon observed in the placebo treated animals. Similarly, ETA and ETB mRNA levels had declined significantly in both groups. Therefore, exogenous ET-1 acutely stimulates extracellular and cellular processes including increased expression of ETA and ETB receptors contributing to intimal hyperplasia. However, these effects are transient and not maintained long term after withdrawal of exogenous ET-1 stimulation.
Economics of coronary artery bypass grafting.
Authors: A Williams
Journal: BMJ (1985)

To decide whether the number of operations for coronary artery bypass grafting should be increased, maintained at the present levels, or decreased we need to know how cost effective they are relative to other claimants on the resources of the National Health Service. For this purpose effectiveness is taken to be the effect on life expectancy adjusted for the quality of life. In an assessment of the cost per quality adjusted life year gained coronary artery bypass grafting rates well for cases of severe angina and extensive coronary artery disease. The cost, however, rises sharply for less severe cases. Bypass grafting seems to compare favourably with valve replacement for aortic stenosis and implantation of pacemakers for heart block; it is distinctly better than heart transplantation and the treatment of end stage renal failure but is probably less cost effective than hip replacement. If the number of operations for coronary artery bypass grafting were to increase it would be a fairly strong claimant only if restricted to the most severe cases. The data on which these judgments are based are crude and in need of refinement. The methodology is powerful, far reaching, and open to comment.
Treatment of infraorbital dark circles by autologous fat transplantation: a pilot study
Authors: M.R. Roh, T-K. Kim, K.Y. Chung
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Infraorbital dark circles are a cosmetic concern for a large number of individuals. However, the exact definition and precise cause has not been elucidated clearly. In our experience infraorbital dark circles due to thin and translucent lower eyelid skin overlying the orbicularis oculi muscle can be treated successfully with autologous fat transplantation.This study was conducted to clarify the nature of dark circles under the eyes and determine the efficacy of autologous fat transplantation.Ten patients with dark circles due to increased vascularity and translucency of the skin were included. They received at least one autologous fat transplantation and follow-up evaluations were conducted at least 3 months after the last treatment.An average of 1.6 autologous fat transplantations were done in both infraorbital areas. Patients showed an average of 78% improvement (average grading scale: 2.6 out of 4). Most of the patients showed improvement in the infraorbital darkening and contour of the lower eyelids.Autologous fat transplantation is an effective method for the treatment of infraorbital dark circles due to thin and translucent lower eyelid skin overlying the orbicularis oculi muscle.
NOTES ON PEDICULUS HUMANUS (VESTIMENTI) AND PEDICULUS CAPITIS
Authors: A. Bacot
Journal: BMJ (1916)

liable to cause smarting..If vour stock of ointmnent and(I )owder is exhausted, apply to the maii "iAn -your ullit who-is respousible for the dlistribution of tljese preparations.4. Just previouis to going to the trenchres.be careful to treat the clothing ancd body as di rected.5. Use the preparations abo-ut -every four days.Experiments in the trenchees lhave showni this to give the best resuLlts.-6.See that anv material, blanikets, emptyv sandbags, etc., wbichl may be present to increase the comfort of the (lug-out or billet, are treated with the powder l)rep)aration.7. Tsake adlvtatntag'e of all thefJcilitics ofered ait the baths.Divisional Bat7hs.
Prospective observational study to assess value of prostate specific antigen as screening test for prostate cancer
Authors: C. Parkes, N. J Wald, P. Murphy, L. George, H. C Watt, R. Kirby, P. Knekt, K J Helzlsouer, J Tuomilehto
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To evaluate measurement of serum prostate specific antigen as a potential screening test for future clinical prostate cancer among healthy men. <b>Design</b>: Nested case-control study with stored serum samples collected from 49261 men with follow up using national death and cancer registration systems. <b>Subjects</b>: 265 asymptomatic men who subsequently developed clinical prostate cancer and 1055 controls matched for age, study centre, and duration of storage of samples. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Distribution of concentrations of the antigen in men who developed prostate cancer and in controls. <b>Results</b>: Prostate specific antigen concentrations were significantly higher in men who subsequently developed prostate cancer than in controls. In the first three years after blood collection the median concentration was 23 times greater in cases than in controls of the same age at the same centre (that is, 23 multiples of the median). A smaller difference persisted thereafter; 4.0 multiples of the median 3-6 years after blood collection, 3.6 6-10 years, and 1.8 after 10 years. In the first three years the proportion of men who developed prostate cancer and had raised levels of the antigen (&gt;/=12 multiples of the median) (detection rate or sensitivity) was 81% (95% confidence interval 54% to 96%). The proportion of men who did not develop prostate cancer but had levels this high (false positive rate) was only 0.5%. <b>Conclusion</b>: Prostate specific antigen measurement is a highly discriminatory screening test for prostate cancer among healthy men. In the general population, 60-74 year old men who had &gt;/=12 times the normal median level would have about a 50% chance of developing clinical prostate cancer in the next three years. Measurement of this antigen is a good enough screening test to justify a randomised controlled trial to determine any reduction in mortality from prostate cancer.
97 Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) promotes the growth of the biliary tree in the normal and in the cholestatic rat
Authors: M. Marzioni, G. Alpini, S. Saccomanno, C. Candelaresi, S. Glaser, C. Rychlicki, H. Francis, L. Trozzi, J. Venter, R. Reichenbach, A. Benedetti
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Clavicular Hyperostosis with Enthesopathy, Hypergammaglobulinemia, and Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Authors: FRANK R. JIRIK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

The syndrome of sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis with painful bilateral clavicular enlargement and subclavian vein obstruction has been recently described in older adults. We report a similar syndrome, but without sternal or costal involvement, in a young man with hypergammaglobulinemia, vasculitis, enthesopathy, and oligoarthritis.