tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cineangiocardiographic Studies of the Left Ventricle in Patients with Angina Pectoris
Authors: LARS BJÖRK, INGEMAR CULLHED, ADAR HALLÉN
Journal: Circulation (1967)

The findings at coronary angiography and left ventricular cineangiography were compared with clinical data in 52 cases of coronary artery disease. A semiquantitative estimation of left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes was used, as well as the identification of local dysfunction in the left ventricular wall. The findings at ventriculography had no relation to the functional classification or the maximal physical work capacity. Thus the limiting factor is angina pectoris and not primarily changes in the left ventricular wall after infarction. Similarly, retrograde filling of stenosed arteries by collateral channels was not correlated to the degree of left ventricular dysfunction or to physical work capacity. Patients with slight to moderate coronary artery stenosis had a normal left ventricular contraction pattern, and in no instance did the electrocardiogram indicate previous myocardial infarction. On the other hand, a normal electrocardiogram as well as a normal left ventricular contraction pattern was seen with severe coronary artery stenosis. There was a fair correspondence between the localization of infarcts according to the electrocardiograms and the left ventricular angiograms. There seemed to be more false negative electrocardiographic diagnoses of posterior-than of anterior-wall infarction. It is concluded that left ventricular angiography provides anatomic and some physiological information that no other method can give. Its use with other clinical and laboratory methods adds considerably to the accuracy in diagnosis and evaluation of patients with coronary artery disease.
Vertical Transmission of Group B Streptococcus
Authors: Jeffrey P. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1979)

A prospective study of 70 mother-infant pairs was designed to evaluate vertical transmission of group B Streptococcus (GBS) in relation to the use of intrauterine fetal monitors (IUFMs). Multiple-site cultures obtained from mothers during the intrapartum interval and those obtained from infants on day 1 and at discharge or day 4 were plated on a selective medium. Thirteen (27.1%) of 48 IUFM-exposed women vs seven (31.8%) of 22 non-IUFM-exposed women had GBS at one or more sites. The GBS colonization with maternally concordant serotypes occurred in eight (61.5%) of 13 infants born to GBS-colonized, IUFM-exposed women vs two (28.6%) of seven infants born to GBS-colonized, non-IUFM-exposed women. While this suggests that vertical transmission of GBS is enhanced by IUFM placement, the differences in these infant rates were not statistically significant.
General aspects in polymer synthesis.
Authors: H K Reimschuessel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

The term, synthetic polymer, denotes a macromolecule composed of simple structural units and usually derived from monomers by a process of polymerization. This process is possible only if certain chemical, thermodynamical, and mechanistic conditions are satisfied. The monomer must have a functionality of two or higher. The polymerization process must be characterized by a negative free energy change. The monomer must have activable or reactive functions. Activable structures are polarizable multiple bonds, and bonds entailing heteroatoms in ring compounds. Suitable reactive functions are those that participate in: carbonyl addition, substitution, multiple bond addition, and free-radical coupling. According to their growth mechanisms, polymerization reactions are divided into two major groups: chain-growth polymerization and step-growth polymerization. Polyaddition and polycondensation occur in either group, but polyinsertion is a chain-growth process exclusively. Radical, ionic, and heterogeneous initiations are entailed in chain growth, whereas both nucleophilic and electrophilic initiation prevails in step-growth. The chemical structure of polymers is determined mainly by constitutional and configuration parameters. Principal constitutional ones are related to interlinking of chains and structural units, composition, substituents, endgroups, and the molecular weight. Configurational ones refer particularly to the position of substituents on a central chain atom relative to the neighboring structural unit and thus to the tacticity of the polymer.
Air embolism after accidental removal of intravenous catheter.
Authors: S M Ross, P S Freedman, J V Farman
Journal: BMJ (1979)

DiscussionRadiosynoviorthosis aims at satisfactory irradiation of the synovium with minimal irradiation of other tissues.Of the yttrium radiocolloids, the silicate is best retained in the knee8 and is associated with least chromosomal damage.4Further attempts to reduce extra-articular leakage have included using longer periods of bed rest and encasing the limb in plaster-of- Paris after injection, which considerably increase the nursing work load and the patient's discomfort.This study has shown that a firm, light splint on a mobilised patient minimises extra-articular spread.The chromosomal damage observed in mobilised patients is comparable with that found in other studies of fully immobilised patients.4 5
The Virology and Immunology of Cancer
Authors: Renato L. Baserga
Journal: JAMA (1969)

This book is an English translation of a Russian text written by members of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. After a brief introduction to the theories of carcinogenesis, the first part of the book is devoted to the viral etiology of cancer. The authors have several chapters covering a list of the viruses which cause tumors, the morphology of tumor viruses, the antigenic and immunogenic properties of tumor viruses, and finally the pathogenic potentialities of tumor viruses. Part 2 is devoted to the immunology of cancer, with several chapters on the antigenic structure of tumor tissue, the immunology of transplantable tumors, and a valuable appendix on some methods of immunologic analysis. My only objection to this book is that the authors have not exerted a critical selection of the references. This is left to the reader to do, a procedure that has both advantages and disadvantages. The
The optimal interval of endoscopic variceal ligation
Authors: Gin‐Ho Lo, Kwok‐Hung Lai
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

We read with interest the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Practice Guidelines "Prevention and Management of Gastroesophageal Varices and Variceal Hemorrhage in Cirrhosis."1 These practice guidelines are helpful for clinicians managing portal hypertensive gastrointestinal hemorrhage. However, some recommendations reported in this article are not well evidence-based. According to recommendation 10 (for prophylaxis of first variceal bleeding), if a patient is treated with endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL), it should be repeated every 1-2 weeks until obliteration. According to recommendation 22 (for prevention of variceal rebleeding), EVL should be repeated every 1-2 weeks until obliteration. Both recommendations suggest repeating EVL every 1-2 weeks until obliteration of varices to prevent first variceal bleeding and to prevent variceal rebleeding. Up to now, there are no data to support the idea that EVL at intervals of every 1-2 weeks is appropriate. Our previous study showed that EVL at an interval of 3-4 weeks could achieve an appreciably low incidence of variceal rebleeding.2 In our own personal experience, if EVL is performed at an interval of 1-2 weeks, a lot of esophageal ulcers induced by EVL may hamper the performance of EVL. Yoshida et al.3 showed that EVL performed at an interval of 2 months to prevent first variceal bleeding brought about better results than the same treatment performed at an interval of 2 weeks. Thus, the optimal interval of EVL remains undetermined. On the other hand, recommendation 15 suggests treating variceal hemorrhage with either EVL or sclerotherapy. Our previous study showed that even during active variceal bleeding, EVL is superior to sclerotherapy in achieving successful hemostasis.4 Villanueva et al.5 also showed that added to somatostatin, EVL is superior to sclerotherapy in the control of acute esophageal variceal bleeding. Baveno IV consensus statements6 suggested that EVL is the recommended form of endoscopic therapy for acute esophageal variceal bleeding and that sclerotherapy may be used in the acute setting if ligation is technically difficult. We believe that this recommendation is more pertinent and evidence-based. Gin-Ho Lo*, Kwok-Hung Lai , * Medical Research & Education, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Administration, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
WAX MODELS OF CASES OF LEPROSY BY FRANCIS R. DAY, OF HONOLULU.
Authors: E. S. GOODHUE
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Death claimed him before he could be gratified by appreciations of his beautiful models exhibited at the last annual meeting of the American Medical Association in Boston. It was not long ago that Dr. Day showed these models to the members of the Hawaiian Territorial Society at its thirteenth annual meeting in Honolulu. He said: Every man should have a hobby, especially if he be a physician. The eternal grind of our work favors the gradual wearing into deep ruts that are difficult to escape from when once formed. An avocation serves the useful purpose of breaking up the process of rut making. It offers relief from the brain-tiring monotony and affords mental recreation and change. Therefore, I say, every man should have a hobby. My latest is the making of wax models of skin lesions or other pathologic specimens. While abroad a few years ago I was particularly impressed
Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Psoriasis
Authors: Joel M. Gelfand, Andrea L. Neimann, Daniel B. Shin, Xingmei Wang, David J. Margolis, Andrea B. Troxel
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Psoriasis is the most common T-helper cell type 1 (T(H)1) immunological disease. Evidence has linked T(H)1 diseases to myocardial infarction (MI). Psoriasis has been associated with cardiovascular diseases, but has only been investigated in hospital-based studies that did not control for major cardiovascular risk factors.To determine if within a population-based cohort psoriasis is an independent risk factor for MI when controlling for major cardiovascular risk factors.A prospective, population-based cohort study in the United Kingdom of patients with psoriasis aged 20 to 90 years, comparing outcomes among patients with and without a diagnosis of psoriasis. Data were collected by general practitioners as part of the patient's medical record and stored in the General Practice Research Database between 1987 and 2002, with a mean follow-up of 5.4 years. Adjustments were made for hypertension, diabetes, history of myocardial infarction, hyperlipidemia, age, sex, smoking, and body mass index. Patients with psoriasis were classified as severe if they ever received a systemic therapy. Up to 5 controls without psoriasis were randomly selected from the same practices and start dates as the patients with psoriasis. A total of 556,995 control patients and patients with mild (n = 127,139) and severe psoriasis (n = 3837) were identified.Incident MI.There were 11,194 MIs (2.0%) within the control population and 2319 (1.8%) and 112 (2.9%) MIs within the mild and severe psoriasis groups, respectively. The incidences per 1000 person-years for control patients and patients with mild and severe psoriasis were 3.58 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.52-3.65), 4.04 (95% CI, 3.88-4.21), and 5.13 (95% CI, 4.22-6.17), respectively. Patients with psoriasis had an increased adjusted relative risk (RR) for MI that varied by age. For example, for a 30-year-old patient with mild or severe psoriasis, the adjusted RR of having an MI is 1.29 (95% CI, 1.14-1.46) and 3.10 (95% CI, 1.98-4.86), respectively. For a 60-year-old patient with mild or severe psoriasis, the adjusted RR of having an MI is 1.08 (95% CI, 1.03-1.13) and 1.36 (95% CI, 1.13-1.64), respectively.Psoriasis may confer an independent risk of MI. The RR was greatest in young patients with severe psoriasis.
n-3 Fatty Acids Attenuate the Risk of Diabetes Associated With Elevated Serum Nonesterified Fatty Acids: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Brian T. Steffen, Lyn M. Steffen, Xia Zhou, Pamela Ouyang, Natalie L. Weir, Michael Y. Tsai
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

Chronically high nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) are a marker of metabolic dysfunction and likely increase risk of type 2 diabetes. By comparison, n-3 fatty acids (FAs) have been shown to have various health benefits and may protect against disease development. In 5,697 participants of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), we examined whether serum levels of NEFAs relate to risk of incident type 2 diabetes and further tested whether plasma n-3 FA levels may interact with this relation.NEFAs were measured in fasting serum using an enzymatic colorimetric assay and phospholipid n-3 FAs eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids were determined in plasma through gas chromatography-flame ionization detection in 5,697 MESA participants. Cox proportional hazards regression evaluated the association between NEFA levels and incident type 2 diabetes and whether plasma n-3 FAs modified this association adjusting for age, sex, race, education, field center, smoking, and alcohol use.Over a mean 11.4 years of the study period, higher diabetes incidence was found across successive NEFA quartiles (Q) (hazard ratio [95% CI]): Q1, 1.0; Q2, 1.35 (1.07, 1.71); Q3, 1.58 (1.24, 2.00); and Q4, 1.86 (1.45, 2.38) (P(trend) < 0.001). A significant interaction of n-3 FAs on the relation between NEFAs and type 2 diabetes was also observed (P(interaction) = 0.03). For individuals with lower n-3 levels (<75th percentile), a higher risk of type 2 diabetes was observed across quartiles of NEFAs: Q1, 1.0; Q2, 1.41 (1.07, 1.84); Q3, 1.77 (1.35, 2.31); and Q4, 2.18 (1.65, 2.88) (P(trend) < 0.001). No significant associations were observed in those with n-3 FAs ≥ 75th percentile (P(trend) = 0.54).NEFAs are a marker of type 2 diabetes and may have clinical utility for detecting risk of its development. The modifying influence of n-3 FAs suggests a protective effect against disease and/or metabolic dysfunction related to NEFAs and requires further study.
Bush administration announces plan to combat bird flu
Authors: Janice Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

If avian influenza begins to spread between humans, the US government will work with international agencies to limit or slow the spread to the US population. Within the United States, state and local governments and communities will bear the weight of the response, says the government's 232 page plan of action.

Critics said that the federal plan placed a burden on local governments but that it did not explain where funds would come from. If an epidemic occurs, it will be more like a war or a widespread economic crisis than an earthquake or hurricane, the report says. It could occur in waves and last for months. The US government has been criticised for its response to hurricane Katrina.

Up to 40% of staff at government agencies and private companies might be absent for up to two …
Cat-scratch Disease and Bacillary Angiomatosis-Reply
Authors: H. Preston Holley
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Drs Tappero and Koehler correctly point out that there currently is no convincing evidence that the organism that causes CSD is the same as that associated with BA. The confusion in the literature is unfortunate and I did not intend to add to it. I intentionally avoided referring to BA but did refer to two articles that described disseminated "cat-scratch disease" in immunocompromised patients.<sup>1,2</sup>Those articles, one written by Koehler et al,<sup>2</sup>described patients who probably had BA rather than CSD. Two proposed agents of BA are<i>R quintana</i><sup>3</sup>and<i>Bartonella bacilliformis</i>.<sup>4</sup>Both organisms have been distinguished from the agent of CSD using either DNA hybridization studies or 16S rRNA sequence analysis.<sup>5</sup>The agent of BA has not been cultured but appears to be very closely related, if not identical, to<i>Rochalimaea</i>.<sup>3</sup> Since some immunocompromised patients with BA have a history of
Chinosol—A Correction
Authors: Homer K. Nicoll
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Practical Demonstration of the Dangers of OptometryTo the Editor:\p=m-\Knowingthe active interest of the Asso- ciation in the wide-spread agitation for laws licensing opti- cians to examine for refractile errors and prescribe glasses, I have thought that a striking instance of the dangers of
Pneumomediastinum. A report of 28 cases and review of the literature
Authors: W. P. Munsell
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Pneumomediastinum is an entity in which free air is found within the mediastinum. It occurs principally in healthy young men and parturient women and is found most frequently without apparent precipitatory cause. Functionally, however, alveolar hyperpressure, pulmonary capillary hypotension, or aveolar wall defects on a localized basis may occur as a result of, or may be associated with an acute, transient, respiratory obstruction, a type found most commonly in parturition, simple cough, emesis, or asthma.  The most common symptoms are pain and dyspnea. Fever and leukocytosis without apparent infection are also frequently encountered. With obvious extrathoracic sources of mediastinal air excluded, the criteria for the diagnosis of pneumomediastinum should include the combination of roentgenographic free mediastinal air and subcutaneous emphysema.
Arginine Vasopressin (AVP) and AVP-Like Immunoreactivity in Peripheral Tissues
Authors: JUDITH A. CLEMENTS, JOHN W. FUNDER
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1986)

THE NONAPEPTIDE arginine vasopressin (AVP) is classically synthesized as part of a precursor hormone [AVP-neurophysin II, (AVP-NPII)] in the magnocellular neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. It is then transported via their axons to the posterior pituitary, where it is secreted into the circulation (1). AVP, which has both antidiuretic and pressor effects, regulates water clearance in the kidney as well as blood pressure. In addition, AVP, together with CRF, has been shown to be involved in the regulation of ACTH secretion from the anterior pituitary (2–5). Furthermore, AVP has also been implicated in learning and memory (6, 7), central cardiovascular regulation (8–11), and other central nervous system functions (7, 12–14). Recently, the presence of many neuropeptides, including AVP, has been demonstrated in a number of peripheral, mainly endocrine tissues, largely on immunochemical criteria. Thus, this review is concerned with the demonstration of immunoreactive (ir)-AVP in the periphery. In addition, in reviewing current knowledge regarding cellular localization, molecular species, possible gene expression/synthesis and function at these sites, we will attempt to establish whether these AVP-like peptides are authentic AVP.
Factors in predicting blood pressure change.
Authors: D Sparrow, A J Garvey, B Rosner, H E Thomas
Journal: Circulation (1982)

A total of 1166 male participants (ages 23--80 years) of the Normative Aging Study who had baseline blood pressure less than 140/90 mm Hg were followed prospectively for 10 years. Blood pressures were taken at 5- and 10-year follow-up examinations. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that baseline levels of systolic pressure, hematocrit, subscapular skinfold thickness and age were significant predictors of systolic pressure change during the follow-up period. Baseline levels of diastolic pressure, hematocrit, and body mass index were significant predictors of diastolic pressure change. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that only baseline blood pressure and hematocrit were significant predictors of subsequent blood pressure elevation to more than 159 mm Hg systolic or 94 mm Hg diastolic. Although the mechanisms by which hematocrit and body build affect blood pressure are unknown, these results suggest that identifying hypertension-prone subjects and delaying or preventing hypertension may be possible.
Unintended pregnancies and contraceptive use
Authors: C B Everett
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Children sick enough to be admitted to hospital are often still recovering from infection when discharged and may not be fit for immunisation.Indeed, children may be discharged less than 30 hours after fever subsides, which would preclude immunisation by the criteria of Dr Riley and colleagues.As already occurs in Oxford, and as suggested by Dr Reeve and colleagues, suitably trained health visitors could catch up missed immunisations.The single most important finding in our study was that once parents have decided against a particular vaccine, often following in- appropriate advice, it is difficult to persuade them otherwise.Attention to the clear and concise recommendations in the "green book" should ensure that health professionals give appropriate advice from the outset.
Rethinking breast screening—again
Authors: Cornelia J Baines
Journal: BMJ (2005)

B ack in 1989 Maureen Roberts, clinical director of the Edinburgh breast screening project, wrote poignantly in an article entitled “Breast screening: time for a rethink”: “I am in a reflective mood as I lie here in the sunshine at the end of my life. Breast cancer has caught up with me after eight good years” ( BMJ 1989;299: 1153-5).

Fast forward to autumn 2004. A 69 year old woman—age 13 at menarche, age 22 at first birth, no family history of breast cancer, on oestrogen only hormone replacement therapy for 15 years—was referred to a surgeon because of discomfort in her left breast. As requested, she brought her most recent mammograms. On clinical examination neither patient nor surgeon could see or feel any abnormality in either breast. Bilateral diagnostic mammography showed a normal left breast but an obvious breast cancer in the right breast at 6 o'clock. Although it was smaller, the cancer was also clearly evident on previous mammograms.

> Enthusiasm …
INTERPRETATION OF ROENTGENOGRAMS IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: HENRY K. TAYLOR
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Serial roentgen studies of pathologic changes of superinfections and reinfections (secondary) in pulmonary tuberculosis reveal that the lesions are either exudative or productive in character from the earliest time that patients come under observation. These lesions have a tendency to heal. The end result of the healing manifestations in pulmonary tuberculosis, demonstrable on the roentgen film, permits of a division into five types.  The exudative lesion terminates in one of three ways: (1) It may completely resolve and leave no traces in the roentgenogram, (2) it may resolve and leave a residual of a few fibrotic strands, or (3) it may undergo caseation and cavity formation. The productive lesions present themselves in one of two forms: (1) fibrotic strands with small nodules, and (2) fibrosis with numerous small cavitations resembling a bronchiectasis.  EXUDATIVE LESIONS  1. Complete Resolution.—  Early in the development of this lesion there are coalescent multilobular areas of
Unusual Presentation of a Case of Brain Abscess after Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy of Esophageal Varices
Authors: J. Y. Robert, J. L. Raoul, J. F. Bretagne, P. Denjean, D. Heresbach, L. Siproudhis, M. Gosselin
Journal: Endoscopy (1991)

Although an increasing number and variety of complications of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) of bleeding esophageal varices have been reported, infectious complications are rare. A case of brain abscess following EIS is reported which was characterised by an unusual clinical presentation in that there was no fever or leucocytosis. This presentation could have led to the abscesses being mistaken for brain metastases. The outcome of antimicrobial therapy was favorable which provided further evidence in support of the diagnosis.