tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of contract in ISTCs
Authors: Allyson M Pollock, Graham Kirkwood
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2009)

Nick Black questions whether our paper on Scotland's only Independent Sector Treatment Centre (ISTC), in which cataract surgery, knee and hip replacement, and other treatments are delivered to NHS patients by for-profit companies in mainly private facilities is the first independent evaluation.1 Our study is the first and only independent evaluation of public money paid for an ISTC contract in the UK; it showed that in Scotland's only ISTC, the company Netcare may have been paid up to £3 million for treatment that had not been provided to patients in the first year of the contract worth £6 million a year. In contrast, Black's study,2 to which we refer, was a questionnaire survey of patient-reported outcomes of 1895 patients treated in NHS hospitals and 769 patients treated in six ISTCs.

This week the Scottish health minister responded to our academic evaluation by deciding not to renew the contract with Netcare and to return the services to the NHS. This is in sharp contrast to England where the £5 billion ISTC programme is still unevaluated, on account of the contracts remaining commercial in confidence. Academic scrutiny of value for money claims cannot be undertaken. Furthermore, unlike Scotland any evaluation of the ISTC programme in England is further hampered by lack of data, and incomplete and poor quality data returns. Although all ISTCs are required to submit hospital episode statistics on all NHS patients treated, the Healthcare Commission (HCC) found that during 2005–2006 fewer than half of them returned any data.3 Of the data returned, 43.4% were missing primary procedure codes and 7.6% had invalid primary procedure codes.4 For 2006–2007, 18.8% of episodes were missing primary procedure codes and 1.3% were invalid.4 Patients attending such centres are healthier and better off than those attending the NHS. Black et al. have shown that patients attending ISTCs are routine and straightforward elective cases – that is, with fewer complications and co-morbidities than other NHS patients – the HCC has shown that ISTCs also treat a lower proportion of patients in the lowest socioeconomic group than the rest of the NHS.3 The contribution of ISTCs to reducing waiting times and improving access cannot be evaluated without complete data on all patients. While patient-reported outcomes are an important aspect of healthcare evaluations they provide a partial picture of access and quality of care. It is unfortunate that the government in England has thus far failed to place the contract data in the pubic domain or to ensure the completeness and quality of routine data on all NHS patients. Unlike Scotland, the lack of data means that policy of using private for-profit companies in the NHS is not subject to proper informed public and parliamentary scrutiny. It's time that England took a leaf from the Scottish health minister's book.
THE GLOBAL REGISTRY PROGRAM ON LONG-TERM ORAL ANTI-THROMBOTIC TREATMENT IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION (GLORIA-AF): FIRST ASSESSMENT OF BASELINE CHARACTERISTICS OF DABIGATRAN AND VKA COHORTS IN NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Ken Rothman, Menno V. Huisman, Gregory Lip, Hans-Christoph Diener, Sergio J. Dubner, Chang-Sheng Ma, Christine Teutsch, Kristina Zint, Nils Schoof, Miney Paquette, Eva Kleine, Andreas Clemens, Dorothee Bartels, Jeff S. Healey, Jonathan Halperin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Potential Options for Preservation of Fertility in Women
Authors: Rogerio A. Lobo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

An increasing number of options are available for women who wish to preserve their fertility, particularly before cancer treatment: oophorectomy with cryopreservation, embryo cryopreservation, and aspiration of oocytes for cryopreservation immediately or after ovarian hyperstimulation. This article also describes the natural process of oocyte loss and methods of testing for decreased ovarian reserve.
Current Treatment Approaches for Mantle-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Thomas E. Witzig
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL) is now recognized as a distinct clinicopathologic subtype of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Patients with MCL are typically older adults with a male predominance and usually present with stage IV disease. The cells are characterized as CD20 + CD5 + CD23 − with a t(11;14)(q13;q32) and cyclin D1 overexpression on immunohistochemistry. Response to chemotherapy usually results in a tumor response but unmaintained remissions are short and the median survival is 3 to 4 years. The treatment approach to newly diagnosed patients with MCL depends on the patient's eligibility for stem cell transplantation (SCT). Those who are eligible are usually treated with either rituximab-CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) followed by SCT or rituximab-HyperCVAD (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, decadron, cytarabine, and methotrexate) followed by observation. The purine nucleoside analogues also have activity as single agents and with rituximab. Unfortunately none of these approaches can definitively cure patients with MCL, and new agents are needed. Recent studies in patients with relapsed MCL have shown substantial antitumor activity of single-agent bortezomib, single-agent temsirolimus, and the combination of thalidomide and rituximab. Studies integrating these novel agents earlier in the disease course or in combination with each other will hopefully produce more durable responses with less toxicity.
Neglected Tropical Diseases
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Doppler echocardiographic assessment of the St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve in the aortic position using the continuity equation.
Authors: E R Chafizadeh, W A Zoghbi
Journal: Circulation (1991)

To test whether the continuity equation can be applied to the noninvasive assessment of prosthetic aortic valve function, Doppler echocardiography was performed in 67 patients (mean age, 58 +/- 14 years) within 10 +/- 6 days after valve replacement with St. Jude Medical valves. All patients were clinically stable and without evidence of valve dysfunction. Valve size ranged from 19 to 31 mm, and ejection fraction ranged from 30% to 75%. With the parasternal long-axis view, the left ventricular outflow diameter measured just proximal to the prosthetic valve correlated well with valve size (r = 0.92). Doppler-derived maximal gradients ranged from 9 to 71 mm Hg. Effective prosthetic aortic valve area by the continuity equation ranged between 0.73 cm2 for a 19-mm valve and 4.23 cm2 for a 31-mm valve. With analysis of variance, effective orifice area differentiated various valve sizes (p less than 10(-14)) better than did gradients alone (p = 0.003) and correlated better with actual valve orifice area (r = 0.83 versus - 0.40). A Doppler velocity index, the ratio of peak velocity in the left ventricular outflow to that of the aortic jet, averaged 0.41 +/- 0.09 and was less dependent on valve size (r = 0.43). Thus, the continuity equation can be applied to the assessment of prosthetic St. Jude valves in the aortic position. By accounting for flow through the valve, it provides an improved assessment over the sole use of gradients in the evaluation of prosthetic valve function.
IMPACT OF CILOSTAZOL ON VASCULAR EVENTS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CORONARY STENT IMPLANTATION WITH AND WITHOUT PRIOR CEREBRAL INFARCTION
Authors: Hiroshi Ueda, Kojiro Yoshimura, Atsumichi Kido, Kenji Natsuyama, Seiji Matsuhisa, Koichiro Asawa, Naohiro Yoshida, Kazushige Yamaguchi, Yasushi Sasaki, Yukiko Kuga, Masahiro Yamasaki, Kazuya Ueda, Yasunori Nishida
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
HIV-Infected Surgeons-Reply
Authors: David Orentlicher
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Burget et al emphasize an important point—improvements in surgical technique may be able to eliminate much of the risk of HIV transmission from surgeon to patient. As they suggest, the profession's efforts should be focused on developing and implementing such improvements. The possibility of percutaneous injuries from wires and sharp bone edges will still exist, but changes in surgical technique could make the risk of transmission insignificant. As Halevy observes, the 1987 statement of the Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs (published in 1988)<sup>1</sup>has incorrectly been interpreted as urging a "no-risk" standard. The language of the statement may not have been sufficiently clear; that is one reason why subsequent policy statements, in 1989,<sup>2</sup>1990,<sup>3</sup>and 1991 ("AMA Statement on HIV-Infected Physicians," press release, January 17, 1991), have clarified the AMA's position as one of "significant," or "identifiable" risk. The Council has always recognized that
Cost effectiveness of magnetic resonance imaging: Authors' reply
Authors: A K Szczepura, J Fletcher, J D Fitz-Patrick
Journal: BMJ (1992)

severity of health problems and the variety of It seems inappropriate for conclusions about the resonance imaging (produced since our paper was options for care and care settings.impact of radiological investigations on patients' submitted) concludes that further work is needed Secondly, concern about the use of QALYs still quality of life to be drawn from an audit of this to measure the effects of magnetic resonance focuses on doubts about their adequacy as measures nature.imaging on patients' quality of life "but that such of health gain' and on the technical validity of L JABERNETHY data may be difficult to obtain."' Our experience comparisons of costs per QALY.' Though these Department of Radiology, supports-this.problems may be overcome, we believe that the Royal Children's Hosspsital, A K SZCZEPURA authors' conclusions are mistaken, even when Meborne
Substrate stabilization: genetically-controlled reciprocal relationship between two enzymes.
Authors: J A Boyle, M L Green, J E Seegmiller
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1971)

Kinetic equations were derived for simple models of agonist-antagonist-receptor interaction and used to predict theoretical dose-response curves for the situation where there exists "receptor reserve" and a simple rectangular hyperbolic relation between tissue response and receptor occupancy by agonist, generated by an "effector chain" that links final response to receptor activation. Drug action within this chain, or an "uncompetitive" antagonism exerted by a reversible agonist that combines primarily with the active agonist-receptor complex, may give the appearance of classical noncompetitive or competitive antagonism, depending upon the amount of receptor reserve and upon the rate constants involved in both agonist-receptor and antagonist-receptor interaction. The apparent potency and nature of antagonism by such an uncompetitive antagonist may depend upon the particular agonist against which it is tested. The phenomenon whereby true competitive antagonists reduce the maximal response to a partial agonist can be explained if the partial agonist, in addition to activating receptors, also acts as an uncompetitive antagonist.
The functional `G' cell mass in atrophic gastritis
Authors: M. G. Korman, R. G. Strickland, J. Hansky
Journal: Gut (1972)

The serum gastrin response to a standard protein meal has been determined in achlorhydric patients with atrophic gastritis and contrasted with the response in normal subjects whose gastric contents were kept continuously neutral by intragastric bicarbonate instillation. Five normal subjects showed a significant increase in serum gastrin from a mean (± SEM) of 17 ± 3 pg/ml to 119 ± 10 pg/ml but their response did not approach that of four patients with atrophic gastritis and antral sparing (605 ± 133 pg/ml to 1418 ± 186 pg/ml). By contrast, in four patients with antral gastritis, there was no significant change in gastrin levels (24 ± 13 pg/ml to 55 ± 19 pg/ml). These studies indicate that the gastrin-secreting cell mass is increased in atrophic gastritis with antral sparing and decreased in atrophic gastritis with antral involvement, as compared to the normal state. They provide further evidence for the existence in man of two distinct forms of atrophic gastritis.
"Cytology and Cell Physiology"
Authors: G. H. Bourne
Journal: BMJ (1952)

Origin of Cell Components, Structure, and Function, L.L. Hsu. The Structure of Bacteria and Molecular Biology of Viruses, P.J. Krell and T.J. Beveridge. Eukaryotes: Scanning Electron Microscopy of Intracellular Structures, K. Tanaka. Structure and Function of Mitochondria, A.R. Wellburn. Plastids, J. Rosamond. The Golgi Apparatus, D.J. Morre. Endoplasmic Reticulum: Rough and Smooth, S.A. Garfield and R.R. Cardell, Jr. Membrane Structure: The Unit Membrane Model, Unit Membrane Structure, Cell Surfaces of Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes, Cell Junctions, New Techniques, R.B. Luftig. Membrane Physiology (Membrane Transport Mechanisms), W.O. Berndt. Lysosomes and Peroxisomes, H. Kindl. Structural Aspects of Ribosomes, M. Boublik. Cilia and Flagella, W.L. Dentler. Cell Movement, Excitability, and Contractility, P.H. Naccache. Nuclear Envelope and Chromatin Structure, T. Boulikas. The Nucleolus, S. Ghosh. Functions of Chromatin and the Expression of Genes, T. Boulikas. Structural Organization of Heterochromatin in the Human Genome, R.S. Verma and H. Dosik. The Cell Cycle, DNA Replication, and Repair, A.R. Lehmann. Cellular Senescence, R. Rosen. Cell Death, A.H. Wyllie. Insulin-Like Growth Factors: Natural Regulators of the Cell Cycle, H. Rothstein. Index.
EPR Oxygen Images Predict Tumor Control by a 50% Tumor Control Radiation Dose
Authors: Martyna Elas, Jessica M. Magwood, Brandi Butler, Chanel Li, Rona Wardak, Rebekah DeVries, Eugene D. Barth, Boris Epel, Samuel Rubinstein, Charles A. Pelizzari, Ralph R. Weichselbaum, Howard J. Halpern
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Clinical trials to ameliorate hypoxia as a strategy to relieve the radiation resistance it causes have prompted a need to assay the precise extent and location of hypoxia in tumors. Electron paramagnetic resonance oxygen imaging (EPR O2 imaging) provides a noninvasive means to address this need. To obtain a preclinical proof-of-principle that EPR O2 images could predict radiation control, we treated mouse tumors at or near doses required to achieve 50% control (TCD50). Mice with FSa fibrosarcoma or MCa4 carcinoma were subjected to EPR O2 imaging and immediately radiated to a TCD50 or TCD50 ± 10 Gy. Statistical analysis was permitted by collection of approximately 1,300 tumor pO2 image voxels, including the fraction of tumor voxels with pO2 less than 10 mm Hg (HF10). Tumors were followed for 90 days (FSa) or 120 days (MCa4) to determine local control or failure. HF10 obtained from EPR images showed statistically significant differences between tumors that were controlled by the TCD50 and those that were not controlled for both FSa and MCa4. Kaplan–Meier analysis of both types of tumors showed that approximately 90% of mildly hypoxic tumors were controlled (HF10%&amp;lt; 10%), and only 37% (FSA) and 23% (MCa4) tumors controlled if hypoxic. EPR pO2 image voxel distributions in these approximately 0.5 mL tumors provide a prediction of radiation curability independent of radiation dose. These data confirm the significance of EPR pO2 hypoxic fractions. The 90% control of low HF10 tumors argue that 0.5 mL subvolumes of tumors may be more sensitive to radiation and may need less radiation for high tumor control rates. Cancer Res; 73(17); 5328–35. ©2013 AACR.
Viewing the body after a traumatic death
Authors: G. Howarth
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Relatives should be given the choice, and time to consider their decision

Few research studies have tackled the question of whether people bereaved in sudden or traumatic circumstances should view the body of the deceased. The linked qualitative study by Chapple and Ziebland (doi:10.1136/bmj.c2032) found no hard and fast evidence about the therapeutic value of this practice, and their interviews with 80 respondents highlight a range of experiences and preferences.1 Above all else, their research shows how complex the subject is.

Previous interview based research, psychological outcome measures, and expert opinion are conflicting, with some people arguing that viewing is necessarily conducive to healthy grieving,2 and others being more circumspect.3 Bereavement theories based on the notion that people move through stages of grief argue that a successful outcome depends on them accepting the reality of death before they can mentally and emotionally move back into their familiar world in a functional way. Those who, for one reason or another, become “stuck” in their grief have been considered at risk of pathological or …
Common mushroom spores may cause asthma and hay fever in fall
Authors: William A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1982)

A substantial portion of fall asthma and hay fever may be due to spores of common mushrooms, according to a study described at the recent Montreal meeting of the American Academy of Allergy and Immunology by John Santilli, Jr, MD. "There is a tremendous increase in hospital emergency room admissions for asthma in the late fall, after ragweed season has ended," explained Santilli. No cause has ever been identified. Following a suggestion by John Salvaggio, MD, director of allergy and immunology in the Department of Medicine at Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Santilli and co-workers attempted to find out whether spores from fungi of the Basidiomycetes class might be the culprits. These spores are released in the fall. Not only was widespread sensitivity to mushroom spores identified among fall asthma sufferers but the team found that mushrooms might account for another puzzling phenomenon, "October hay fever." People have
Arsenic Inhibits Neurite Outgrowth by Inhibiting the LKB1–AMPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Xin Wang, Dan Meng, Qingshan Chang, Jingju Pan, Zhuo Zhang, Gang Chen, Zunji Ke, Jia Luo, Xianglin Shi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

BackgroundArsenic (As) is an environmental pollutant that induces numerous pathological effects, including neurodevelopmental disorders.Objectives and MethodsWe evaluated the role of the LKB1–AMPK pathway in As-induced developmental neurotoxicity using Neuro-2a (N2a) neuroblastoma cells as a model of developing neurons.ResultsThe addition of low concentrations of As (≤ 5 μM) during differentiation caused an inhibitory effect on the neurite outgrowth in N2a cells in the absence of cell death. Activation of adenosine monophosphate–activated kinase (AMPK) induced by retinoic acid in differentiating cells was blocked by As. Pretreatment with the AMPK-specific activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside or overexpression of a constitutively active AMPK-α1 plasmid reversed As-induced inhibition of neurite outgrowth. The activation of LKB1 (serine/threonine kinase 11), a major AMPK kinase, was also suppressed by As by inhibiting both the phosphorylation and the translocation of LKB1 from nucleus to cytoplasm. Antioxidants, such as N-acetyl cysteine and superoxide dismutase, but not catalase, protected against As-induced inactivation of the LKB1–AMPK pathway and reversed the inhibitory effect of As on neurite outgrowth.ConclusionsReduced neurite outgrowth induced by As results from deficient activation of AMPK as a consequence of a lack of activation of LKB1. Oxidative stress induced by As, especially excessive superoxide, plays a critical role in blocking the LKB1–AMPK pathway. Our studies provide insight into the mechanisms underlying As-induced developmental neurotoxicity, which is important for designing a new strategy for protecting children against this neurotoxic substance.
Automated Quantitative Analysis of HDM2 Expression in Malignant Melanoma Shows Association with Early-Stage Disease and Improved Outcome
Authors: Aaron J. Berger, Robert L. Camp, Kyle A. DiVito, Harriet M. Kluger, Ruth Halaban, David L. Rimm
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract The incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma continues to increase every year, and this disease remains the leading cause of skin cancer death in industrialized countries. Despite the aggressive nature of advanced melanoma, there are no standard biological assays in clinical usage that can predict metastasis. This may be due, in part, to the inadequacy of reproducible assessment of protein expression using traditional immunohistochemistry. We have previously described a novel method of quantitative assessment of protein expression (AQUA) with the continuity and accuracy of an ELISA assay but with maintenance of critical spatial information. Here, we modify this technology for the evaluation of protein expression in melanoma. Using a tissue microarray cohort of 405 melanoma lesions and 17 normal skin samples, we analyzed expression of HDM2, the human homologue of murine double minute 2 with automated quantitative analysis. We show that expression levels in the nucleus are significantly higher in primary melanomas than in metastatic lesions. Furthermore, high levels of expression are predictive of better outcome. This study demonstrates that quantitative assessment of protein expression is useful in melanoma to validate potential tissue biomarkers and suggests that human homologue of murine double minute 2 may be a valuable prognostic tool for management of malignant melanoma.
Palmitoylation of huntingtin by HIP14is essential for its trafficking and function
Authors: Anat Yanai, Kun Huang, Rujun Kang, Roshni R Singaraja, Pamela Arstikaitis, Lu Gan, Paul C Orban, Asher Mullard, Catherine M Cowan, Lynn A Raymond, Renaldo C Drisdel, William N Green, Brinda Ravikumar, David C Rubinsztein, Alaa El-Husseini, Michael R Hayden
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2006)
Host-based antipoxvirus therapeutic strategies: turning the tables
Authors: Anthony S. Fauci, Mark D. Challberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

The potential threat of the smallpox virus as a bioterror weapon has long been recognized, and the need for developing suitable countermeasures has become especially acute following the events of September 2001. Traditional antiviral agents interfere with viral proteins or functions. In a new study, Yang et al. focus instead on host cellular pathways used by the virus. A drug that interferes with the cellular ErbB-1 signal transduction pathway, activated by smallpox growth factor, sheds new light on how the virus replicates in the cell. Drugs that target the ErbB-signaling pathways represent a promising new class of antiviral agents.