tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Implications of the DCCT: Looking beyond tight control
Authors: Richard R Rubin, Mark Peyrot
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

The main conclusion of the recently completed, landmark Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), i. e., the fact that tight control significantly reduces the risk of diabetes-related complications, has been widely acclaimed. This enthusiasm has been fueled in part by the magnitude of the advantage tight control seems to offer: the 2% difference in average HbA1c between the DCCT standard and intensive treatment groups was associated with a 60% reduction in risk for diabetic reti-nopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy.
The New Face of Legal Psychiatry
Authors: JONAS ROBITSCHER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

While the 19th-century psychiatrist occupied a very circumscribed position in society, the role of his present-day counterpart has expanded considerably. Forensic psychiatry is a good example of this; its practitioners are now involved not only with law, but also with sociology, psychology, social work, and other behavioral sciences. The author reviews the important work going on in what he calls "social-legal psychiatry" and describes some of its literature and important court decisions. He believes it provides a focus for students who want to find ways to use psychiatric knowledge in the larger context of society.
Hematopoietic mobilization in mice increases the presence of bone marrow-derived hepatocytes via<i>in vivo</i>cell fusion
Authors: Oscar Quintana‐Bustamante, Alberto Alvarez‐Barrientos, Alexander V. Kofman, Isabel Fabregat, Juan A. Bueren, Neil D. Theise, José C. Segovia
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

The mechanisms for in vivo production of bone marrow-derived hepatocytes (BMDHs) remain largely unclear. We investigated whether granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mediated mobilization of hematopoietic cells increases the phenomenon. Recurrent liver injury in mice expressing green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in all hematopoietic-derived cells was produced by 3 months of carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) injections. Histologically, there were necrotic foci with histiocyte-rich infiltrates, but little oval cell proliferation. Subsequently, some animals were mobilized with G-CSF for 1, 2, or 3 weeks. Animals were sacrificed 1 month after growth factor treatment. BMDH percentages were lower than previously reported, though G-CSF mobilization significantly augmented BMDH production in injured livers. BMDHs originating from in vivo fusion were evaluated by transplanting female EGFP+ cells into male mice. Binucleated, EGFP+ hepatocytes with one Y chromosome, indicating fusion, were identified. In conclusion, (1) mobilization of hematopoietic cells increases BMDH production and (2) as with the FAH-null model, the first model demonstrating hematopoietic/hepatocyte fusion, recurring CCl4-induced injury has macrophage-rich infiltrates, a blunted oval cell response, and a predominantly in vivo fusion process for circulating cell engraftment into the liver. These findings open the possibility of using hematopoietic growth factors to treat nonhematopoietic degenerative diseases.
Court rules that care cannot be withdrawn due to cash cuts
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Local authorities in England and Wales have been plunged into uncertainty by an Appeal Court decision last week that councils cannot withdraw community care services from elderly and disabled people because of cash shortages. The landmark ruling by a two to one majority overturns a High Court decision that it would be “impractical and unrealistic” to stop councils making cuts if their budgets were reduced.

Gloucestershire County Council is appealing to the House of Lords over the decision. Unless reversed, the ruling …
The underinformative formulation of conditional probability
Authors: Laura Macchi, Maria Bagassi
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract The formulation of the conditional probability in classical tasks does not guarantee the effective transmission of the independence of the hit rate from the base rate. In these kinds of tasks, data are all available, but subjects are able to understand them in the specific meanings proper to a specialized language only if these are adequately transmitted. From this perspective, the partitive formulation should not be considered a facilitation, but rather, a way of effectively transmitting the conditional probability. Consider the following two phrases: 1 The death-rate among men is twice that for women. 2 In the deaths registered last month there were twice as many men as women. Are these two different ways of saying the same or are these different events? In fact, they are different events. (Lindley 1985, p. 44)
A surgical treatment for anxiety-triggered palmar hyperhidrosis is not unlike treating tearfulness in major depression by severing the nerves to the lacrimal glands
Authors: H.S. Bracha, S.M. Lenze, M.Tsang Mui Chung
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, The recent study of Krogstad et al.1 in this Journal, reporting on the daily pattern of sweating and response to stress in patients with palmar hyperhidrosis, is an important contribution to the clinical literature. Patients and controls did not differ while doing ‘physical activity’ or ‘other activity’. In contrast, in patients, but not in controls, palmar hyperhidrosis was most severe at mid‐day during the working day (when psychological stress levels are likely to be highest). These authors conclude that their ‘finding supports the idea that thermoregulatory sweating is normal in hyperhidrotic patients’ but found extensive evidence that psychological stress influences patients with palmar hyperhidrosis more than controls.1 The surgical literature (see Krogstad et al. for references) advocates sympathectomy or other surgical procedures as the first line of treatment for palmar hyperhidrosis. This is despite the frequent postsympathectomy complications, most commonly truncal compensatory hyperhidrosis, a condition which we contend is at least as uncomfortable and as socially embarrassing as palmar hyperhidrosis. Long‐lasting postsurgical compensatory truncal hyperhidrosis has been reported to occur in 44–86% of patients.2, 3
An Outline History of Medicine
Authors: William K. Beatty
Journal: JAMA (1986)

What is put in is more important than what is left out in this type of book. Rhodes, who has been a faculty member and a dean in medical schools in Australia and England, has obviously long enjoyed reading about the history of medicine. With this book, he has attempted to bring his enjoyment to visible life and to show his colleagues in practice and the classroom, as well as medical students, that the pleasure and knowledge derivable from an acquaintance with the history of their profession can serve philosophic and practical purposes. Rhodes has succeeded in his major goal and, indeed, has provided a pleasant and stimulating road— with broad horizons—for the physician or student to travel, even though he or she may have believed that medical history is a lifeless and impractical subject. Ten of the 12 chapters are based on a chronologic bird's-eye view. Rhodes discusses, in
Psychodynamics of the Emotionally Uncomfortable
Authors: George E. Gifford
Journal: JAMA (1981)

This book consists of an introduction and 16 chapters: "The Oral Dependency Need"; "Dynamics of the Unconscious Guilt"; "Feelings of Inferiority, Impending Doom and Bad Luck"; "Feelings of Guilt"; "The Feeling That There's Something Wrong"; "The Feeling That There Is Something Physically Wrong"; "The Transsexual"; "'Depression'"; "Misperceiving the Unconscious Guilt"; "Projection of Guilt in the Second Position"; "Projection of Guilt in the Third Position"; "The Distortion of Interpersonal Relationships"; "Decreasing Unconscious Guilt"; "'Treating' the Unconscious Guilt and the Unmet Oral Need." Chapter 16 is a summary. Before commenting on the book, I would like to quote some of the author's statements regarding it: "This book becomes the first of its kind in presenting not only what the witch doctor, the quack and the charlatan do in making emotionally uncomfortable people more uncomfortable, but more importantly, every interpersonal relationship as well" (page vii). "This book is simply written for those people
Endemic Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: WILLIAM M. VALENTI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1984Endemic Acquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeWILLIAM M. VALENTI, M.D., JOSEPH P. ANARELLAWILLIAM M. VALENTI, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOSEPH P. ANARELLASearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-3-399_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Although most cases of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome have been seen in several high-risk areas, small- to medium-sized communities have been affected as well. Patients acquiring the disease in high-risk areas may come to other communities for medical care; in some cases, the disease has probably originated and been transmitted in high-risk groups in some smaller communities. As these smaller communities continue to see the "ripple effects" of the syndrome, we believe there is a need to define an endemic (locally acquired) case to provide a more uniform case definition essential to any epidemiologic investigation. We suggest... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Rochester Area Task Force on AIDS The University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, NY 14542 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1984Volume 101, Issue 3Page: 399-400KeywordsAIDSEpidemiology Issue Published: 1 September 1984 PDF DownloadLoading ...
British health insurers fail to learn lessons from the US
Authors: A. Hopkins
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Colleagues should be aware of a feature of many lower cost medical insurance plans. I recently saw a patient for neurological symptoms, referred by her general practitioner, with severe headaches and a blood pressure of 180/130. In association with a cardiologist, I arranged appropriate outpatient investigations. When the patient submitted the accounts to the insurers she was informed that, in regard to outpatient consultations and subsequent investigations, “in accordance …
Acute Liver Failure in the United States
Authors: Raquel Marie Schears
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Letters16 December 2003Acute Liver Failure in the United StatesRaquel Marie Schears, MD, MPHRaquel Marie Schears, MD, MPHFrom Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-12-200312160-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:It appears that the Ostapowicz and colleagues (1) failed to meet their prime objective, that is, characterizing the clinical features of patients presenting with the rare condition of acute liver failure who, by virtue of the selection criteria, were only those who were the most severely ill. I base my criticism on the highly subjective eligibility criteria. Enrolled patients needed to meet 3 inclusion requirements: a prothrombin time of 15 seconds or an international normalized ratio (INR) of 1.5, altered mental status of any degree, and an acute illness less than 26 weeks' duration in patients who ...References1. Ostapowicz G, Fontana RJ, Schiodt FV, Larson A, Davern TJ, Han SH, . Results of a prospective study of acute liver failure at 17 tertiary care centers in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:947-54. [PMID: 12484709] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Lee WM. Acute liver failure. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:1862-72. [PMID: 8305063] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. O'Grady JG, Schalm SW, Williams R. Acute liver failure: redefining the syndromes. Lancet. 1993;342:273-5. [PMID: 8101303] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoResults of a Prospective Study of Acute Liver Failure at 17 Tertiary Care Centers in the United States George Ostapowicz , Robert J. Fontana , Frank V. Schiødt , Anne Larson , Timothy J. Davern , Steven H.B. Han , Timothy M. McCashland , A. Obaid Shakil , J. Eileen Hay , Linda Hynan , Jeffrey S. Crippin , Andres T. Blei , Grace Samuel , Joan Reisch , William M. Lee , and Acute Liver Failure in the United States William M. Lee , Anne Larson , Robert Fontana , and George Ostapowicz Acute Liver Failure in the United States William D. Carey Metrics 16 December 2003Volume 139, Issue 12Page: 1045KeywordsAcute liver failureCreatinineDrugsEpidemiologyHospitalizationsInternational normalized ratioLiverProthrombin timeResearch laboratoriesSleep ePublished: 16 December 2003 Issue Published: 16 December 2003 CopyrightCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
A phase II study of trastuzumab-DM1, a first-in-class HER2 antibody-drug conjugate, in patients with HER2+ metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: S Vukelja, H Rugo, C Vogel, R Borson, E Tan-Chiu, M Birkner, SN Holden, B Klencke, J O'Shaughnessy, HA Burris
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #33 Background&amp;#x2028; Trastuzumab-DM1 (T-DM1), an antibody drug conjugate (ADC) designed to combine the biological activity of trastuzumab with the targeted delivery of a highly potent anti-microtubule agent (DM1) to HER2-expressing cells, has demonstrated activity in a Phase I study. The maximally tolerated dose (MTD) for T-DM1 given every 3 wks was 3.6 mg/kg.&amp;#x2028; Methods&amp;#x2028; This is a multi-institutional, open-label, single-arm, Phase II study of T-DM1, 3.6 mg/kg administered by IV infusion every 3 wks, to pts with HER2+ MBC; 100 efficacy-evaluable pts who have progressed on prior T and chemotherapy given in the metastatic setting will be enrolled. The primary objective is to assess objective response rate (ORR) and safety and tolerability in this patient population. Key secondary objectives include measurement of duration of objective response and progression-free survival; to characterize the pharmacokinetics of this T-DM1 regimen; and to assess the formation of antibodies to T-DM1. A preplanned, protocol specified interim analysis of efficacy data was performed after the first 30 efficacy evaluable pts had completed 4 cycles (12 wks) of treatment. A final analysis will be conducted 26 wks after the last patient has been enrolled.&amp;#x2028; Results&amp;#x2028; As of June 6, 2008, 92/100 pts have been enrolled. Demographic data from the first 31 enrolled pts include: median age 57 (range 38-79); PS 0-1, 29; PS 2, 2; median number prior metastatic chemo agents 2 (range 1-9); median duration of prior T is 76.1 wks (range 12-379); 13 pts (42%) received prior lapatinib. Of the 31 pts, 30 were evaluable for efficacy per protocol. Based on investigator assessments, 12/30 (40%) pts have had a partial (11) or complete (1) response reported. The IRF has reported a partial response in 9/30 (30%) pts to date. To date, these 31 pts have received a median of 4 T-DM1cycles (range 1-11). Gr2 adverse events (AEs) include thrombocytopenia (10%), fatigue (13%), nausea/vomiting (10%), infusion reaction/fever/chills (10%). Gr3 thrombocytopenia occurred in 10% of pts and Gr4 AEs occurred in 2 (6%) pts (thrombocytopenia and transaminase elevation). Sixteen (52%) pts have discontinued therapy, 11 for progressive disease.&amp;#x2028; Conclusions&amp;#x2028; T-DM1 has shown single-agent clinical activity in pts who have progressed on prior HER2-directed therapy. The safety profile of T-DM1 appears tolerable at the recommended dose. To date, preliminary data show a 40% investigator-determined response rate and a 30% IRF-reported response rate. Updated results for the entire study population will be presented. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 33.
Totally occluded in-stent restenotic lesions treated with gamma intracoronary radiation: Six-month clinical and angiographic outcomes
Authors: Arvind K. Sharma, Andrew E. Ajani, Robert Lew, Augusto D. Pichard, Lowell F. Satler, Kenneth M. Kent, Ellen Pinnow, Regina Deible, George Aggrey, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Effects of Vitamin E
Authors: Alan R. Gaby
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The weight of evidence, recently reviewed,<sup>1</sup>suggests that vitamin E reduces the risk of thromboembolic disorders. This nutrient appears to inhibit platelet aggregation directly<sup>1,2</sup>and vitamin K indirectly.<sup>2</sup>Early work pointing to an antithrombin effect<sup>3</sup>has been more recently disputed, solely on the basis of unpublished observations.<sup>4</sup> According to his article inThe Journal(1981;246:129), Roberts has found that many patients with pulmonary emboli or thrombophlebitis had been taking vitamin E. This is not surprising. Tens of millions of Americans take this nutrient for various reasons. One could easily find a large group with just about any disease who have been taking vitamin E. If these observations imply that tocopherol may cause thromboembolism, we had better also indict aspirin as a cause of strokes (many patients have strokes after starting a regimen of aspirin for transient ischemic attacks). Four patients in Roberts'
Nonhematopoietic cells selected for resistance to tumor necrosis factor produce tumor necrosis factor.
Authors: B Y Rubin, S L Anderson, S A Sullivan, B D Williamson, E A Carswell, L J Old
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

TNF-resistant lines of L cells can be derived from TNF-sensitive populations by repeated exposure to TNF, and these resistant L cells, in contrast to sensitive L cells and other types of cells, lack demonstrable cell surface receptors for TNF. We have now found that TNF-resistant L cells produce a factor that is cytotoxic for L cells and has the following distinguishing characteristics of mouse TNF: it is a protein of 43 kD, composed of 16 kD subunits, that competes with TNF for receptor binding, induces hemorrhagic necrosis of the TNF-sensitive mouse sarcoma Meth A, has synergistic cytotoxic action with interferon, and its activity is neutralized by antibody to TNF. The two conclusions of this study are that cells selected for TNF resistance spontaneously produce a molecule resembling macrophage TNF, and that cells of nonhematopoietic origin are capable of producing TNF.
An Anti-Reflux Prosthesis in the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux
Authors: RICHARD A. KOZAREK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

The Angelchik anti-reflux prosthesis, a C-shaped, silicone filled device surgically secured around the distal esophagus, received premarket approval by the Food and Drug Administration's Bureau of Medical Devices in 1979. Despite its use in over 9000 patients, there are few physiologic data documenting its effectiveness. We studied ten patients before and 3 months after prosthesis implantation with barium meal, endoscopy, esophageal biopsy, standard acid reflux testing, esophageal manometry, gastroesophageal scintigraphy, and symptom scoring. After surgery all patients were able to discontinue cimetidine and elevation of the head of the bed. Two patients had documentation of mild reflux, one of whom needed to have the prosthesis removed because of its herniation into the mediastinum. Eight patients had no reflux. There was statistically significant improvement in endoscopic, symptomatic, and biopsy grading as well as increased lower esophageal sphincter pressure after surgery. Prosthesis implantation is a promising surgical treatment of intractable esophageal reflux, but we believe additional and long-term studies are needed before its general use.
Failure of Reflex Venoconstriction During Exercise in Patients With Vasovagal Syncope
Authors: Helen L. Thomson, John J. Atherton, Frederick A. Khafagi, Michael P. Frenneaux
Journal: Circulation (1996)

In this study, we tested two hypotheses. First, we tested the hypothesis that reflex constriction of the venous capacitance beds in patients with vasovagal syncope is impaired during both subhypotensive lower-body negative pressure. Second, we proposed that splenic venoconstriction may be impaired during exercise in patients with vasovagal syncope.We evaluated 25 patients with vasovagal syncope (age, 45.0 +/- 15.9 years; 12 men, 13 women) and 24 control subjects (age, 41.3 +/- 13.7 years; 16 men, 8 women). A nuclear technique was used to assess changes in forearm venous tone during lower-body negative pressure and in splenic venous volume during cycle exercise. Changes in forearm vascular resistance (FVR) during cycle exercise were assessed with a strain-gauge plethysmography technique. The percentage reduction in unstressed forearm vascular volume during lower-body negative pressure was similar in patients and control subjects (9.0 +/- 8.0% versus 9.7 +/- 5.9%, P=NS). During exercise, splenic venous volume decreased less in patients than in control subjects (15.8 +/- 21.7% versus 42.6 +/- 12.6%, P < .0001). FVR decreased by 2 +/- 32% in patients but increased 108 +/- 90% in control subjects (P < .0001). There was no relation between percentage change in splenic volume and percentage change in FVR during exercise in either patients or control subjects (r= -.06, P=NS and r= -.18, P=NS, respectively).Patients with vasovagal syncope exhibit a failure of the normal increase in tone in the splenic capacitance bed and in forearm resistance vessels during dynamic exercise. Forearm venous tone increases normally during lower-body negative pressure.
Coronary Circulation in the Normal and the Pathologic Heart
Authors: William B. Wartman
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The chief purpose of the authors of this book is to record their extensive studies of the arterial and venous coronary vasculature. The authors made casts of the coronary vessels by injecting the plastic substances "Geon Latex 576" and "Neoprene 842A" into the coronary arteries and veins and then corroded the soft tissues with acid. Both normal and diseased hearts were examined. Thus the study has to do with the coronary vasculature rather than the coronary circulation as the title of the book states. As with most previous anatomical studies of the coronary vasculature, this one has to do chiefly with large branches of the coronary arteries and veins and their anastomoses. The use of casts is excellent for this purpose, but the superimposition of vessels obscures the pattern of the small vasculature within the myocardium and precludes its detailed study. The book contains a wealth of information about the