tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oregon's Death with Dignity Act: Ten Months Later
Authors: Howard Wineberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters16 March 1999Oregon's Death with Dignity Act: Ten Months LaterHoward Wineberg, PhDHoward Wineberg, PhDPortland State University; Portland, OR 97207-0751 (Wineberg)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-6-199903160-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In a press release issued on 18 August 1998, the Oregon Health Division provided data on the number of Oregonians who had received medication to end their lives since the law went into effect on 27 October 1998 (1). Although a longer time frame is needed before a definitive analysis of the impact of Oregon's Death with Dignity Act is possible, these preliminary data may offer some insight into how the law is working. One key finding is that only 10 people have obtained lethal prescriptions, of whom 8 used the prescriptions to end their lives; the ...References1. News Release. Death with dignity preliminary summary issued. Portland, OR: Oregon Health Division; 18 August 1998. Google Scholar2. Lee MA, Tolle SW. Oregon's assisted suicide vote: the silver lining [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1996;124:267-9. LinkGoogle Scholar3. Muskin PR. The request to die: role for a psychodynamic perspective on physician-assisted suicide. JAMA. 1998;279:323-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Howard Wineberg, PhDAffiliations: Portland State University; Portland, OR 97207-0751 (Wineberg) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byEvolving Medicolegal Issues in Palliative Medicine 16 March 1999Volume 130, Issue 6Page: 538KeywordsPain managementPalliative careSuicide ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 16 March 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 149: DNA methylation biomarker discovery using the Methyl-Profiler PCR Array System
Authors: Jonathan M. Shaffer, Chun-Xiang Liu, Xiujing Gu, GuoZhen Liu, Yan Xiang, Yuye Lin, Rui Han, George J. Quellhorst, Kathy Boon
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Histone modifications and DNA methylation are epigenetic events that can modulate gene expression patterns associated with normal development and disease pathology. Epigenetic alterations are clearly involved in breast cancer initiation and progression, as they silence tumor suppressor genes and activate proto-oncogenes. As a result, the profiling of gene promoter DNA methylation status can lead to the identification of novel biomarkers which can aid in the development and improvement of diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic treatments. The Methyl-Profiler PCR Array System proves to be quite useful for these purposes. The Methyl-Profiler DNA Methylation technology method is designed for semi high-throughput gene/target-specific DNA methylation profiling. The method involves the selective digestion of sample DNA with methylation-specific restriction enzymes, followed by precise quantization of intact remaining target DNA by real-time PCR using assays specially designed and validated for high G/C content amplicons. Attesting to the power of this method, as little as one µg of genomic DNA can be used to profile the methylation status of up to 96 gene/target assays, and as low as five % hyper-methylated DNA copies can be reliably detected in a heterogeneous sample. In short, this technology yields quantitative data comparable to bisulfite sequencing, but without the need for bisulfite conversion. Using the Methyl-Profiler assay, the methylation status of highly relevant methylation targets in breast cancer cell lines was profiled in an effort to discover novel DNA methylation biomarkers. Several putative markers were identified and compared with results as generated by Illumina® Infinium® Methylation Assay platform, demonstrating the viability of the Methyl-Profiler method in discovering DNA methylation biomarkers. In three short procedural steps, the Methyl-Profiler PCR System can efficiently and reproducible identify novel methylation-related targets that may prove to be valuable in developing breast cancer preventative and therapeutic strategies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 149.
Abstract 627: Fiber-induced DNA damage response in human lung epithelial cells.
Authors: Eeva Kettunen, Päivi Tuominen, Satu Suhonen, Julia Catalán, Sisko L. Anttila, Penny Nymark, Hannu Norppa
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Asbestos, a group of naturally occurring mineral fibers, is a significant lung carcinogen. Exposure to asbestos fibers induces the formation of reactive oxygen species in cells and, subsequently, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), the most serious form of DNA damage related to transformation of cells. As a part of the DNA damage response, H2AX histone variant molecules are phosphorylated at ser139, producing γH2AX foci at the site of DSBs, and these serve as a docking site for DNA repair molecule complexes. Thereby, γH2AX foci are considered a sensitive marker for DSBs. DNA damage response has not thoroughly been investigated in particle carcinogenesis. Here, we studied fiber-induced DSB formation in two human lung epithelial cell lines, the cancer cell line A549 and the transformed cell line BEAS-2B to provide further knowledge on DNA damage associated with fiber exposure as a risk factor for lung cancer.A sub-lethal asbestos fiber concentration of 2 μg /cm2 was determined, by cell viability tests, as suitable for working with the A549 and BEAS-2B cells. Then, we studied the kinetics of fiber induced DSB formation in terms of H2AX phosphorylation. Foci of γH2AX can be detected using specific antibody in immunocytochemistry assays. A549 and BEAS-2B cells were exposed to asbestos fibers for 4, 24 and 48 h, and γH2AX foci were counted. Concurrent non-exposed control cultures were settled at each time point. At 4 h, the control group displayed remarkable endogenous DSB formation, possibly due to replication stress. In exposed cultures, the formation of γH2AX foci peaked at 24 h. We also explored whether it is possible, by using γH2AX antibody in a chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by next generation sequencing, to find out the distribution of DSBs at 24 h in the fiber-exposed A549 cells. The sequences involved in γH2AX foci were genome-widely distributed. To conclude, the kinetics of fiber-induced γH2AX foci formation in the A549 and BEAS-2B cells was partly interfered by endogenously formed DSBs. This study revealed sequences that may be implicated within γH2AX foci for further elucidation on their contribution to lung tumor progression in particle carcinogenesis. Citation Format: Eeva Kettunen, Päivi Tuominen, Satu Suhonen, Julia Catalán, Sisko L. Anttila, Penny Nymark, Hannu Norppa. Fiber-induced DNA damage response in human lung epithelial cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 627. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-627
Abstract SY17-03: Inferring cell death networks from biochemical data
Authors: Peter K. Sorger, Sabrina Spencer, Suzanne Gaudet, Bree Aldridge, Deborah Flusberg, John Bachman, Josh Sims
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The responses of cells to extracellular ligands results in a series of complex spatiotemporal changes in protein levels and state that vary considerably from one cell to the next. I will discuss our attempts to understand the biochemical mechanisms underlying these phenomena with a focus on TRAIL and Fas ligand in human tumor cells. These molecules are prototypical inducers of receptor-mediated (extrinsic) apoptosis and TRAIL is a first-in-class investigational therapeutic. I will discuss the development and application of computational methods for constructing, managing, calibrating and validating detailed kinetic models of core apoptotic process. With these methods we aim to go beyond the informal pictorial models that currently dominating molecular biology and create probabilistic mathematical constructs that assign rigorous “degrees of belief” to specific biochemical hypothesis given prior knowledge and a specific set of empirical data. I will discuss why some TRAIL-treated human cells die within ∼40 min, some only after 12 hr and yet others live indefinitely. We have explored three explanations for these differences: (i) genetic or epigenetic variation (ii) the involvement of one or more biochemical processes subject to stochastic fluctuation (iii) transient but deterministic differences in cell state. I will illustrate how all three interact on different time scales to determine those aspects of cellular physiology that are highly invariant and those that are variable and I will present a modeling framework for understanding the impact of specific protein factors in cell-to-cell variability. A key conclusion from this work is that variability in the responses of cells to drugs is inherent to the stochastic operation of the biochemical pathways that anti-cancer drugs target. Fractional killing is one inevitable consequence. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY17-03. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-SY17-03
Methyl Iodide Toxicity
Authors: GERALD B. APPEL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Comments1 January 1977Methyl Iodide ToxicityGERALD B. APPEL, M.D.GERALD B. APPEL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-1-120_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe letter below was sent by Dr. Appel in response to the "Comment" letter by Drs. Cobb and Raymond that was published in the October 1976 issue.To the editor: Doctors Cobb and Raymond have questioned the evidence for "pulmonary congestion" as a characteristic of methyl iodide intoxication, as noted in our report (Ann Intern Med82:534-536, 1975). We agree that this remains to be proved since the few reported cases in the foreign literature do not clearly clarify this point. Moreover, we did not imply at all that pulmonary congestion was a symptom of our patient. Indeed, by describing...References1. HINE C: Methyl bromide poisoning. A review of ten cases. J Occup Med 11:1-10, 1969 MedlineGoogle Scholar2. IRISHADAMSSPENCER DEH: Chemical changes of methyl bromide in the animal body in relation to its physiological effects. J Ind Hyg Toxicol 23:408-411, 1941 Google Scholar3. VON OETTIGEN W: The Halogenated Hydrocarbons—Toxicity and Potential Danger. Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1955, pp. 11-14 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: GERALD B. APPEL, M.D.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byIodmethan [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 1981]Methyl iodide [MAK Value Documentation, 1996]Mammalian Toxicity of Organic Compounds of Bromine and IodineHydroformylation Oxo Synthesis, Roelen Reaction 1 January 1977Volume 86, Issue 1Page: 120-120KeywordsIntoxicationToxicity ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...
THE EARLY SIGNS OF PREGNANCY.A CONTRIBUTION TO ITS CLINICAL STUDY, WITH ONE PATHOLOGIC SPECIMEN.
Authors: H. L. E. JOHNSON
Journal: JAMA (1904)

We are familiar with the usual physical signs of pregnancy in women and their relative importance, when considered singly or collectively, in influencing our diagnosis of the existence or non-existence of this condition. Some are early manifestations, while others are late in the cycle of uterogestation. These several physical signs are, according to their diagnostic value, usually classified as presumptive signs and positive signs, and, when existing, remove all doubt in a particular case, though the consideration of all necessarily delays for some months a positive diagnosis. These signs or symptoms, though usually clear and distinct, are often obscured or modified by concomitant pathologic conditions, such as, for example, tumors, malignant or benign, within the generative area, ectopic gestation, etc., making a late diagnosis difficult or doubtful, and an early one, in some instances, practically impossible. I shall confine this paper to the consideration of the diagnosis of pregnancy prior
A Lecture ON SOME FEATURES OF GUNSHOT WOUNDS OF THE CHEST
Authors: J. F. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (1918)

THE recognition of penetrating wounds of the chest is not always easy, and the most careful examination of the chest should be made in wounds of the upper arm, neck, shoulder, and lumbar regions.The following case is very instructive in this respect: CASE I.--Vound in Deltoid Region (Arm raised): Penetrating WWpund of Chest: Haemothorax: Aspiration: Recovery.On Juily 31st, 1917, Pte.G. M. was sitting in a railway carriage when a shell fellclose to the train, and he felt he had been hit in the arm.He was helped out of the train, walked with assistance about 100 yards, and then sat on a form for some time.He had a little pain in the chest, and could not take a deep breath.There was no haemoptysis.The wound in the arm appeared to be trivial, and a dressitng was applied.He was sent on to hospital about fifteen miles by road.On admission there a wound was found over the insertion of the right deltoid.The bone was not injured and there was no exit wound.He rapidly became very ill with dyspnoea, haemoptysis, cyanosis, etc.With stimulation, warmth, and oxygen he improved.Dullness was present at the right base, extending up to the angle of the sca?ula.It was evident that while the arm was abducted the missile had passed tbrough the bicelps muscle, missing the vessels and nerves, across the axilla, and into the chest.X-ray examination showed the foreign body in the lung about the level of the angle of the scapula, midway between the front and back of the chest.The diaphragm was elevated on the right side and there was a large haemothorax.This was aspirated and found to be sterile.He rapidly improved and was evacuated to kngland on August 31st, 1917.
Primary sclerosing cholangitis in children: A long-term follow-up study
Authors: Ariel E. Feldstein, Jean Perrault, Mounif El-Youssif, Keith D. Lindor, Deborah K. Freese, Paul Angulo
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is increasingly diagnosed in children and adolescents, but its long-term prognosis remains uncertain. The aim of this longitudinal, cohort study was to determine the long-term outcome of children with PSC. Fifty-two children with cholangiography-proven PSC (34 boys and 18 girls; mean age 13.8 +/- 4.2 years; range, 1.5-19.6 years) who were seen at our institution over a 20-year period were followed-up for up to 16.7 years. Two thirds presented with symptoms and/or signs of PSC and 81% had concomitant inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Twenty-five percent had total alkaline phosphatase activity within the normal range for the age group, but all of them had elevated gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels. Autoimmune hepatitis overlapping with PSC was present in 35% of children. A positive but transient clinical and/or biochemical response occurred under therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid, alone or in combination with immunosuppressive medications. During follow-up, 11 children underwent liver transplantation for end-stage PSC and 1 child died. The median (50%) survival free of liver transplantation was 12.7 years. Compared with an age- and gender-matched U.S. population, survival was significantly shorter in children with PSC (P <.001). In a Cox regression model, lower platelet count, splenomegaly, and older age were associated with shorter survival. Presence of autoimmune hepatitis overlapping with PSC (P =.2) or medical therapy (P =.2) did not affect survival. In conclusion, PSC significantly decreases survival in this child population. Although pharmacologic therapy may improve symptoms and liver test results initially, it does not seem to impact the long-term outcome.
Implanted Bipolar Pacemakers
Authors: Norman Robinson
Journal: JAMA (1973)

One hundred five pacemakers with bipolar electrodes have been observed in a pacemaker clinic serving a rural population. Pacemaker stimulus wave-form analysis and electronic stimulus interval counting were employed. Also, in selected cases, radiographic analysis of battery depletion was performed. Results show that a 1% increase in pacemaker rate is an accurate predictor of impending failure in units that are designed to undergo a rate change with battery depletion, and that radiography is helpful in cases of doubt. Wave-form analysis was useful only when other factors were unequivocally abnormal because of difficulty in standardizing the test.
Phospholipid transfer activity of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein produces apolipoprotein B and reduces hepatosteatosis while maintaining low plasma lipids in mice
Authors: Irani Khatun, Sebastian Zeissig, Jahangir Iqbal, Minghui Wang, David Curiel, Gregory S. Shelness, Richard S. Blumberg, Mahmood M. Hussain
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Abstract Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), essential for apolipoprotein B (apoB) biosynthesis, evolved as a phospholipid transfer protein and acquired triglyceride transfer activity during a transition from invertebrates to vertebrates. But it is unknown whether MTP directly transfers lipids onto apoB in vivo and, if it does, whether both neutral and polar lipid transfer activities of MTP are critical for lipoprotein assembly. The molecular bases for differences in lipid transfer activities with respect to distinct domains in Drosophila MTP (dMTP) and human MTP (hMTP) are not obvious because both proteins have very similar primary, secondary, and tertiary structures. We used an in vivo approach to delineate physiological significance of these distinct lipid transfer activities by expressing dMTP (transfers phospholipids) and hMTP (transfers phospholipids and triglycerides) orthologs using adenoviruses in liver-specific MTP-deficient (L-MTP−/−) mice that have low plasma and high hepatic lipids. Both orthologs improved plasma lipids but plasma triglycerides were lower in dMTP mice due to lower hepatic triglyceride and apoB production. Hepatosteatosis in L-MTP−/− mice was ameliorated to similar levels by both. Attenuation of hepatosteatosis upon dMTP expression pertained to enhanced β-oxidation with no changes in lipogenesis. Phospholipid transfer activity of MTP promoted biogenesis of both apoB48 and apoB100-containing very low density lipoprotein in addition to a phospholipid-rich apoB48-containing high-density lipoprotein particle. Triglyceride transfer activity augmented the biosynthesis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by increasing the formation of these particles in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Conclusion : Based on these findings, we posit that the selective inhibition of MTP triglyceride transfer activity might reduce hyperlipidemia while protecting liver from excess lipid accumulation. (Hepatology 2011)
Conventional Irradiation vs Cobalt 60 Therapy
Authors: Francois Baclesse
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The definition of stage III cases is according to the nomenclature of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging and End Results Reporting.<sup>1</sup> The cases presented here were treated exclusively with radiotherapy in the author's service at the Curie Foundation and the American Hospital in Paris. The apparent clinical cure after five and ten years without obvious clinical or radiological signs might be interpreted as a "stabilization" of cancer. The possibility of the recurrence of breast cancer makes it necessary to reserve definite opinion regarding prognosis until after five years and even up to 15 years or more. All of this work was standardized, each patient receiving treatment by means of similar techniques with high total doses spread over a long period of time. All of the patients were seen at follow-up by the same doctors. Table 3 shows the results at five and ten years obtained by conventional
Nerve Growth Factor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: Retrospective Analysis of 63 Patients with Salivary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Authors: Hao Li, Xiao‐lin Nong, Qi Chen, Yi‐ping Yang, Jia‐quan Li, Yan‐ning Li
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2010)

To detect the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) tissues, as well as to determine the correlation between growth factor expression and prognosis in SACC. Medical records of 63 patients surgically treated for SACC between January 1988 and October 2005 were reviewed. Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine the expression of NGF and VEGF in tumor tissues. Kaplan‐Meier analysis and Cox's proportional hazard regression model were applied to assess predictors of survival. NGF and VEGF were overexpressed in SACC tissues, compared with those in normal salivary tissues (P<0.05), and the staining intensity of these two factors was stronger in groups of solid subtype, advanced TNM stage, perineural invasion and recurrence. Patients with high‐expression of NGF and VEGF, solid subtype, advanced stage, perineural invasion, recurrence and extended resection alone had worse survival rates (P<0.05). NGF and VEGF are expressed increasingly in the tissues of SACC cases with invasion and metastasis. NGF expression and VEGF expression are independent prognosis factors for survival.
Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced, Nonmetastatic, Squamous Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Consensus, Controversy, and Conundrum
Authors: David M. Brizel, Ramon Esclamado
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy (CRT) is superior to radiotherapy alone for the treatment of locally advanced, nonmetastatic squamous carcinoma of the head and neck (HNC). Three issues affect the use of CRT as primary treatment for advanced HNC. The first issue is the definition of advanced stage and the initial therapeutic choice of surgery or CRT and the role of post-CRT neck dissection. Function preservation considerations should guide the choice between surgery and CRT for patients with resectable disease. Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography scanning may identify patients who require adjuvant neck dissection. The second issue is optimization of radiotherapy and chemotherapy schedules. Ideally, concurrent chemotherapy should be incorporated into radiotherapy (RT) regimens that would constitute optimal therapy were RT to be administered as single-modality treatment. Modified fractionation schemes constitute optimal single-modality RT. Platinum schedules other than bolus dosing every 3 to 4 weeks are effective and may be less toxic. The third issue is integration of biologically targeted therapy into CRT treatment programs. Epidermal growth factor receptor blockade enhances the effectiveness of RT alone. Its role and that of angiogenic blockade in CRT are under investigation.