tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cloning of murine TCF-1, a T cell-specific transcription factor interacting with functional motifs in the CD3-epsilon and T cell receptor alpha enhancers.
Authors: M Oosterwegel, M van de Wetering, D Dooijes, L Klomp, A Winoto, K Georgopoulos, F Meijlink, H Clevers
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

CD3-epsilon gene expression is confined to the T cell lineage. We have recently identified and cloned a human transcription factor, TCF-1, that binds to a functional element in the T lymphocyte-specific enhancer of CD3-epsilon. In a panel of human cell lines, TCF-1 expression was restricted to T lineage cells. TCF-1 belonged to a novel family of genes that contain the so-called high mobility group 1 (HMG) box. Here we report the cloning of murine TCF-1. Two splice alternatives were identified that were not previously observed in human TCF-1. Murine and human TCF-1 displayed a 95.5% overall amino acid homology. Recombinant murine and human TCF-1 recognized the same sequence motif in the CD3-epsilon enhancer as judged by gel retardation and methylation interference assays. With the murine cDNA clones several aspects of TCF-1 were analyzed. First, deletion analysis revealed that a region of TCF-1 containing the HMG box was sufficient for sequence-specific binding. Second, by high stringency Northern blotting and in situ hybridization, TCF-1 expression was shown to be confined to the thymus and to the T cell areas of the spleen. Third, TCF-1 bound specifically to a functional T cell-specific element in the T cell receptor alpha (TCR-alpha) enhancer. The T lineage-specific expression and the affinity for functional motifs in the TCR-alpha and CD3-epsilon enhancers imply an important role for TCF-1 in the establishment of the mature T cell phenotype.
The NHS film unit
Authors: J. O. Drife
Journal: BMJ (2009)

When I heard that the British Film Institute has a mediatheque on tour showing old films about coal, I felt a rush of nostalgia. I grew up in a Scottish mining village where “NCB,” the logo of the National Coal Board, had a much higher profile than the NHS. The local cinema didn’t do social realism, however, and until recently I had never heard of the NCB Film Unit.

Its spiritual forerunner, the GPO (General Post Office) Film Unit, …
Seasonal variations in the onset of ulcerative colitis.
Authors: B Moum, E Aadland, A Ekbom, M H Vatn
Journal: Gut (1996)

Several retrospective studies have reported seasonal variations in the relapse of ulcerative colitis, and two studies have found seasonality in the onset of ulcerative colitis, with a peak from August to January. This study was designed to investigate possible seasonal variations of onset of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn9s disease (CD). Patients with symptoms of one year or less were recruited from a prospective study of the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease, and the onset of symptoms was recorded month by month for four consecutive years. A total of 420 patients with UC and 142 patients with CD were included. There was monthly seasonality (p = 0.028) in symptomatic onset in December and January for UC but not for CD. It was found that environmental agents with known seasonality can be of importance for the seasonal variations of disease onset in UC.
Pioneering in Postgraduate Medicine
Authors: SYLVIA COVET
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Letters and Comments1 May 1970Pioneering in Postgraduate MedicineSYLVIA COVETSYLVIA COVETSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-762_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I have read with interest recent reports of the agreement reached by a number of "major U. S. medical journals" to adopt a uniform style of bibliographic citation based on the form used inIndex Medicus. I don't know what the criteria were for inquiring of journals which might agree to accept this style. However, it may interest you to know that since its inception,Postgraduate Medicinehas followed the style of the previous quarterlyCumulative Index Medicusand that of the current IM for bibliographic citations. The only thing we have not done is to drop... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 4015 W. 65th St. Minneapolis, Minn. 55435 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 762-762 Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Patterns of genetic diversification within the Adh gene family in the grasses (Poaceae)
Authors: B. S. Gaut, A. S. Peek, B. R. Morton, M. T. Clegg
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

We investigated the evolutionary dynamics of the Adh gene family within the grasses (Poaceae), with the goal of using molecular evolutionary tools to understand the process of gene family diversification. We analyzed 21 Adh sequences representing a broad array of grasses. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that Adh duplicated into Adh1 and Adh2 before the radiation of the grasses roughly 65 MYA. Gene structure, including intron length, has varied little over this period. Conservation of intron length prompted investigation into the dynamics of intron evolution, particularly the ability of intron sequences to form secondary structures. Intron sequences did not have an extremely high or low minimum free energy of folding relative to permuted sequences, suggesting that individual Adh introns do not evolve under secondary structural constraints. For coding sequences, the diversification of Adh1 and Adh2 was marked by a shift in third-position G + C content. This shift may reflect differential selection for codon use. Diversification between Adh1 and Adh2 was also typified by a shift in nonsynonymous nucleotide substitution rates, but there was no evidence that relatively fast nonsynonymous nucleotide substitution rates in the Adh2 clade were a product of diversifying selection. Gene conversion may have played a role in retarding diversification of Adh1 and Adh2 in rice, but there is no evidence of gene conversion between paralogs in other taxa. Although the reasons for retention of two functional Adh genes remain obscure, we propose that a shift in gene expression was important for the retention of the two Adh gene copies within the grasses.
Drug Tests in Pregnant Women: Abuse of Substance or of Test?
Authors: Kary L. Moss
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In their article entitled "Substance Abuse," Drs Schnoll and Karan<sup>1</sup>note the increase in the amount of random urine testing done by employers and government agencies and raise an important issue: "Are we dealing with a witch-hunt," they ask, "or a process that will significantly reduce the problems of drug abuse?" Unfortunately, they do not attempt to answer this important question, one that should be answered in the affirmative for the first half and in the negative for the second half. Their question is very meaningful today, given the enormous increase in numbers of children born with some evidence of drugs in their system as a result of their mother's drug use during pregnancy. A study conducted by the Perinatal Addiction Research and Education Center, Chicago, Ill, estimated that 10% of all deliveries are associated with drug use (<i>New York Times</i>. January 9, 1989:A10;<i>New York</i>
AN EXAMINATION OF THE MECHANISM OF PNEUMOCOCCUS IMMUNITY BY MEANS OF BACTERICIDAL MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Hugh K. Ward
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

1. There is in the filtrate of a 5 day broth culture of Type III pneumococcus a type-specific substance which has a very powerful antibactericidal action. If the precipitinogen content of the broth filtrate and the specific carbohydrate is taken as the basis of comparison, it requires approximately one thousand times as much antiserum to neutralize the broth filtrate as is necessary to neutralize the specific carbohydrate. The active substance in the broth filtrate appears to be related to the specific carbohydrate. Its possible nature is discussed. 2. A similar substance, but in stronger concentration, was found in the filtrate of a lung from a Type III pneumonia autopsy. The influence of this substance on the disease is discussed. 3. One specimen of Type III convalescent blood, though comparatively weak in anticarbohydrate antibody (precipitin) was better able to neutralize the broth filtrate and the lung filtrate than a corresponding mixture of normal blood and antiserum. Two other specimens of Type II convalescent blood neutralized the Type III broth filtrate efficiently.
IMPACT OF COMPARISON H2 ANTAGONIST(H2RB) AND PROTON POMP INHIBITER (PPI)-USE IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH THIENOPYRIDINES AFTER PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION (PCI) FROM CREDO KYOTO REGISTRY
Authors: Yoshihiro Katoh, Masahiro Natsuaki, Takeshi Kimura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
THE ABSURDITIES AND THE COMMERCIALISM OF THE PROPOSED NINTH DECENNIAL REVISION OF THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIA
Authors: OLIVER T. OSBORNE
Journal: JAMA (1913)

As a list of drugs approved for the next Pharmacopeia has already been published, and as the United States Pharmacopeia is a book of public interest and a legal standard, made so by the federal Food and Drugs Act, what follows is no breach of confidence but rather a necessary presentation for public approval, or disapproval, of a subject that is vital to each and every person who may become a patient, and especially vital to each and every physician, namely, what drugs and preparations shall be officialized in the next Pharmacopeia, a book of standards of purity of the drugs and preparations that are of therapeutic value. A thing that has no therapeutic value should not be termed a drug, and useless things should not appear in this book of drug values. The primary question is, then, who shall decide what drugs are of sufficient positive therapeutic value, in
ON THE PROBABLE IDENTITY OF RICKETTSIA PEDICULI WITH RICKETTSIA QUINTANA
Authors: A. Bacot
Journal: BMJ (1921)

NZIM~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~DAL JOU3!NAL of the peroneu § tertius,, almost completely frayed through, was found crossing the wound.This tendon was retracted inwards, and it was, then found that the astragalus "was completely free from all -its-attachments, the posterior surface pointing directly outwards and the head inwards.
Myocardial Tissue Perfusion Predicts the Evolution of Fragmented QRS in Patients with ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Fırat Özcan, Osman Turak, Uğur Canpolat, Iskender Kadife, Sedat Avcı, Ahmet Işleyen, Muhammed Cebeci, Özgül Malçok Gürel, Fatma Nurcan Başar, Derya Tok, Serkan Topaloğlu, Dursun Aras, Sinan Aydoğdu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The National Study of Internal Medicine Manpower: XX. The Changing Demographics of Internal Medicine Residency Training Programs
Authors: Christopher S. Lyttle
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Three annual physician workforce surveys of internal medicine residency programs from 1990-1991, 1991-1992, and 1992-1993 show that changes in the demographic characteristics of internal medicine residents detected in the period 1986-1989 have been sustained; specifically, more women and international medical graduates are entering internal medicine. Women and international medical graduates now compose 32% and 36% of internal medicine trainees, respectively. The percentage of U.S. medical graduates was lower in traditional 3-year (categorical) tracks (64%) and highest in preliminary tracks (1 year of internal medicine leading to another specialty) (87%). Approximately 1500 more first-year residents than positions offered through the National Residency Matching Program were reported in 1992-1993. This suggests that many programs concentrate their recruiting efforts outside the Matching Program. The data also show a continuing high subspecialization rate for residents who complete 3 years of training in internal medicine (approximately 60%), although about one third do not go directly into subspecialty training. We discuss the implications of these findings for the national goal of increasing the number of primary care physicians.
Orders for Intravenous Proton Pump Inhibitors After Implementation of an Electronic Alert
Authors: Daniel E. Freedberg, Hojjat Salmasian, Julian A. Abrams, Robert A. Green
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

ity) to assess renal outcomes, the groups were similar with respect to fracture-specific risk factors at baseline.Our study was observational; while the 2 groups were well matched on important prognostic factors such as dementia and psychoses, the associations may be subject to confounding by indication in which the reason for prescription of an atypical antipsychotic medication (eg, behavioral disturbances) may predispose patients to falls and fractures.In summary, these findings call into question the widespread off-label use of atypical antipsychotic medications and support increasing evidence of safety concerns regarding their use in older adults.
Suppression of Pituitary TSH Secretion in the Patient with a Hyperfunctioning Thyroid Nodule
Authors: E. C. Ridgway, B. D. Weintraub, J. L. Cevallos, M. C. Rack, F. Maloof
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

10 patients with a single hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule each were studied for pituitary thyrotropin (TSH) suppression. They were judged to be euthyroid on clinical grounds. The total thyroxine (T(4)D), free thyroxine (FT(4)), total triiodothyronine (T(3)D), and free triiodothyronine (FT(3)) were normal in most of the patients. Incorporation of (131)I into the hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules was not suppressed by the administration of physiological doses of T(3). Basal serum TSH concentrations were undetectable (<0.5 - 1.0 muU/ml) in all patients. The metabolic clearance of TSH in one patient before and after excision of the thyroid nodule was unchanged (40 vs. 42 ml/min) whereas the calculated production rate was undetectable before the operation (<29 mU/day) and normal after (103 mU/day). These data, in one patient, suggest that the undetectable concentration of TSH in these patients is a result of suppressed TSH secretion rather than accelerated TSH clearance. In eight patients, basal serum TSH concentrations failed to increase after the intravenous administration of 200 mug of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH); minimal increases in serum TSH concentrations were observed in two patients. The suppression of TSH was evident despite "normal" concentrations of circulating thyroid hormones. The observation that normal serum concentrations of T(4)D, FT(4), T(3)D, and FT(3) may be associated with undetectable basal serum TSH concentrations and suppressed TSH response to TRH was also found in four hypothyroid patients given increasing doses of L-thyroxine and sequential TRH stimulation tests.
Concurrent Chemotherapy and Short Course Radiotherapy in Patients with Stage IIIA to IIIB Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Not Eligible for Radical Treatment: Results of a Randomized Phase II Study
Authors: Sergiusz Nawrocki, Maciej Krzakowski, Ewa Wasilewska-Tesluk, Dariusz Kowalski, Monika Rucinska, Rafal Dziadziuszko, Aleksander Sowa
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Reduced regional myocardial perfusion in the presence of pharmacologic vasodilator reserve.
Authors: J M Canty, F J Klocke
Journal: Circulation (1985)

To determine whether reductions in regional myocardial perfusion at reduced coronary arterial pressures reliably indicate maximal vasodilation of the distal vasculature, coronary autoregulation was studied in open-chest dogs at heart rates of approximately 60 beats/min, a level at which metabolic demand, time-averaged systolic compressive forces, and transmural vasodilator reserve approximate those found under usual resting conditions. Circumflex pressure was controlled with a programmable pressure source. Regional circumflex inflow was 0.56 +/- 0.04(SEM) ml . min-1 . g-1 when circumflex pressure equaled spontaneous aortic pressure and fell to 0.34 +/- 0.02 ml . min-1 . g-1 when circumflex pressure was reduced to 35 mm Hg. Reductions were similar in each myocardial layer, with endocardial flow falling from 0.68 +/- 0.04 to 0.39 +/- 0.03 ml . min-1 . g-1. During adenosine-induced vasodilation at 35 mm Hg, full-thickness and endocardial flows rose to 0.92 +/- 0.08 and 1.07 +/- 0.10 ml . min-1 . g-1, respectively. When coronary pressure was reduced to 25 mm Hg and autoregulation was again operative, full-thickness and endocardial flows fell to 0.28 +/- 0.03 and 0.28 +/- 0.04 ml . min-1 . g-1. During adenosine vasodilation at 25 mm Hg endocardial flow did not increase significantly but epicardial reserve remained present. These results indicate that significant reductions in regional myocardial perfusion can occur before pharmacologic vasodilator reserve is exhausted. In the absence of tachycardia, endocardial vasodilator reserve can persist to coronary pressures less than 35 mm Hg, but is ordinarily exhausted before epicardial vasodilator reserve.
Carcinoid tumour of the thymus with systemic manifestations: a radiological and pathological study
Authors: R. M. Lowenthal, J. M. Gumpel, L. Kreel, J. E. McLaughlin, D. B. L. Skeggs
Journal: Thorax (1974)

<b>Lowenthal, R. M., Gumpel, J. M., Kreel, L., McLaughlin, J. E., and Skeggs. D. B. L. (1974).</b><i>Thorax</i>, <b>29</b>, 553-558. <b>Carcinoid tumour of the thymus with systemic manifestations: a radiological and pathological study.</b> Following recent reports of an unusual mediastinal tumour described as `mediastinal endocrine neoplasm of probable thymic origin, related to carcinoid tumour9 (Rosai and Higa, 1972), a further case, in a 72-year-old man, has been studied. Polyarthropathy was the presenting feature, and the patient also had clubbing of the fingers and clinical evidence of a probable proximal myopathy and a peripheral neuropathy. These non-metastatic systemic manifestations have not previously been described with this type of tumour. By retrograde thymic venography the tumour was conclusively shown to be arising in the thymus, as had been suspected but not proven in previously described cases. Histologically the typical picture, including areas of cells with true rosette formation and cells with argyrophil granules, was seen. In contrast to the more usual thymic tumours, this type of neoplasm responds poorly to radiotherapy, but surgical treatment may give good results. Therefore, in a situation where the possibility of carcinoid tumour of the thymus exists, it is imperative that tissue be obtained for histological diagnosis before any therapeutic decision is made.
Where I Live
Authors: Jeanne Macrae
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

On Being a Patient2 September 2008Where I LiveJeanne Macrae, MDJeanne Macrae, MDFrom SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-5-200809020-00012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail My life ended when I was diagnosed with ovarian cancer. The doctors at the hospital where I was treated always called it “ovary cancer.” It seems like a small point, but to me, it symbolized how far I had strayed from the normal world—even the normal world of medicine where I work. I was treated in this alien place for 9 interminable months, surrounded by other words I had had no personal connection with before: optimal debulking, stem-cell support, second-look procedure, peritoneal port. Having had no personal experience with serious illness of my own, I found it horrific beyond description—one ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203.Corresponding Author: Jeanne Macrae, MD, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203; e-mail, jeanne.[email protected]edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 2 September 2008Volume 149, Issue 5Page: 355-356KeywordsCartilageChemotherapyDementiaDrugsFatigueFearMotivationOutpatientsOvarian cancerVitamins ePublished: 2 September 2008 Issue Published: 2 September 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Acute Myxoedema Precipitated by Pneumonia
Authors: W. Hausmann, A. J. Karlish
Journal: BMJ (1961)

The age-and-sex distribution of atheroma and stenosis of the carotid and vertebral systems in 93 unselected necropsies is described.Attention is drawn to the frequency with which lesions occur in some sites, and possible reasons for this are discussed.The relationship between neck-artery stenosis and aortic atheroma, and also the strong correlation between stenosis in the four neck artery systems, are described.The relationship between strokes and neck-artery stenosis, ulceration, and occlusion, is discussed.This work was done during the tenure of a C. J.
Senescence of activated stellate cells: Not just early retirement
Authors: Jörg Schrader, Jonathan Fallowfield, John P. Iredale, Kris Kowdley, Geoffrey McCaughan, Christian Trautwein
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Cellular senescence acts as a potent mechanism of tumor suppression; however, its functional contribution to noncancer pathologies has not been examined. Here we show that senescent cells accumulate in murine livers treated to produce fibrosis, a precursor pathology to cirrhosis. The senescent cells are derived primarily from activated hepatic stellate cells, which initially proliferate in response to liver damage and produce the extracellular matrix deposited in the fibrotic scar. In mice lacking key senescence regulators, stellate cells continue to proliferate, leading to excessive liver fibrosis. Furthermore, senescent activated stellate cells exhibit gene expression profile consistent with cell-cycle exit, reduced secretion of extracellular matrix components, enhanced secretion of extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes, and enhanced immune surveillance. Accordingly natural killer cells preferentially kill senescent activated stellate cells in vitro and in vivo, thereby facilitating the resolution of fibrosis. Therefore, the senescence program limits the fibrogenic response to acute tissue damage.