tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relationship between bile flow and Na+, K+-adenosinetriphosphatase in liver plasma membranes enriched in bile canaliculi.
Authors: J Reichen, G Paumgartner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

The relationship between bile flow and Na+,K+-ATPase activity in liver plasma membranes enriched in bile canaliculi was studied in rats treated with ethinyl estradiol, phenobarbital, or 20-methyl cholanthrene. In comparison with controls (1.49+/-0.12 microliter/min per g liver), bile flow was significantly diminished by ethinyl estradiol, increased by phenobarbital, and unchanged by 20-methyl cholanthrene or the solvent, propanediol (0.92+/-0.31, 2.50+/-0.21, 1.62+/-0.18, and 1.64+/-0.30 microliter/min per g liver, respectively). The corresponding values for canalicular Na+,K+-ATPase activity were 80.7+/-19.2, 50.0+/-18.4, 231.7+/-42.6, 82.7+/-30.7, and 143.6+/-55.3 micronmol Pi/h per g liver. Canalicular Na+,K+-ATPase activity was significantly correlated (r=0.785, n=31) with bile flow. These findings support the hypothesis that a fraction of bile flow is related to Na+,K+-ATPase activity and canalicular Na+ transport.
722-6 Prediction of Recovery of Function of Hibernating Myocardium After Coronary Angioplasty: Comparison of Dobutamine Echocardiography and Rest-Redistribution Thallium Tomography
Authors: Usman Qureshi, Imran Afridi, Periyanan Vaduganathan, Helen A. Kopelen, Emma Cid, Mario S. Verani, William A. Zoghbi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Characterizing immune evasion in FFPE tissue sections - a new method for measuring cellular interactions via multiplexed phenotype mapping and spatial point patterns
Authors: Clifford Hoyt, Chichung Wang, Kristin Roman, Kent Johnson, Peter Miller, Elizabeth Mittendorf
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Full realization of the potential of immunotherapy will require biomarkers that capture immuno-tumor interactions. This will most effectively be achieved by phenotyping cells in-situ in intact tissue sections. Such methods will potentially predict response to drugs and monitor
Psychiatric Aspects of Organ Transplantation
Authors: Robert M. House
Journal: JAMA (1988)

DURING the past 30 years, organ transplantation has moved from being an experimental procedure to an accepted treatment for several disorders. This review discusses the most common psychiatric complications as well as psychological benefits that children, adolescents, and adult transplantation patients and their families experience. Preoperative psychiatric evaluation; psychiatric aspects of living, related, and brain-dead donors; and the support provided by the transplantation unit staff are also discussed. During the early 1950s, Hume<sup>1</sup>performed several cadaveric renal transplantations, but it was not until 1954, when Murray and colleagues<sup>2,3</sup>successfully transplanted a kidney from one identical twin brother to the other that long-term success in transplantation began to be achieved. In the 30 years since that pioneering work, long-term survival has significantly increased. This has been largely due to the increased experience of surgeons, refinement of surgical technique, improvements in tissue typing and matching, more careful selection of candidates,
Anaerobes in ejaculates of subfertile men
Authors: Waltraud Eggert-Kruse, Gerhard Rohr, Wolfram Ströck, Susanne Pohl, Beate Schwalbach, Benno Runnebaum
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1995)

The clinical significance of micro-organisms in semen samples of asymptomatic subfertile patients is a matter of constant debate. Usually little attention is paid to anaerobic bacteria as they are sensitive to transportation and culturing, and differentiation is difficult, costly and time-consuming. In the present study, special screening was carried out for anaerobes in ejaculates in addition to the routine microbial cultures of genital secretions of both partners. In addition to standard semen analysis and evaluation of sperm ability to penetrate cervical mucus (CM) in vivo (post-coital testing) and in vitro using a standardized test system, semen samples from 126 randomly chosen males of couples with a median duration of infertility of 4 years were examined for colonization with anaerobic bacteria. All couples were without clinical signs or symptoms of genital tract infection. The special care taken for anaerobic growth in semen samples gave a high rate of positive cultures and showed that nearly all ejaculates (99%) were colonized with anaerobic micro-organisms, and potentially pathogenic species were found in 71% of men. This rate was more than four times higher than that obtained with routine cultures and standard transportation (16%). Anaerobic bacterial growth of > or = 10(6) colony forming units (CFU)/ml was seen in 42% (total range 10(3)-10(8) CFU/ ml). In addition, aerobic growth was found in 96% (> or = 10(6) CFU/ml in 21%), potentially pathogenic species in 61% of semen specimens. There were no marked differences in the prevalence of anaerobic micro-organisms in patients with reduced or normal sperm count, motility or morphology. Nor was there any significant difference in anaerobic colonization between samples with impaired or good ability to penetrate CM of female partners (in vivo or in vitro), or the CM of fertile donors in the in-vitro sperm-cervical mucus penetration test (SCMPT) in this asymptomatic group of patients. There was no clear association between microbial colonization and subsequent fertility in vivo within an observation period of 6 months. The results of this study suggest that anaerobic bacteria are often not detected when routine methods for microbial evaluation are used. This should be considered during assisted reproduction and in patients with symptoms of genital tract infection and should lead to further studies in infertile patients where subclinical infection or inflammation is indicated by specific markers in semen samples.
Intra-individual comparison of the cutaneous safety and efficacy of calcitriol 3 ug g-1 ointment and calcipotriol 50 ug g-1 ointment on chronic plaque psoriasis localized in facial, hairline, retroauricular or flexural areas
Authors: J.P. Ortonne, P. Humbert, J.F. Nicolas, N. Tsankov, S.D. Tonev, A. Janin, J. Czernielewski, M. Lahfa, L. Dubertret
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Background Psoriasis involving sensitive skin areas remains difficult to treat because of the side‐effects of topical corticosteroids and the irritancy potential of vitamin D3 derivatives. Several clinical trials have demonstrated that calcitriol, the naturally occurring and hormonally active form of vitamin D3, is effective and safe at the dose of 3 µg g−1 for the treatment of psoriasis affecting the trunk and limbs. Methods We compared the safety and efficacy of calcitriol 3 µg g−1 ointment and calcipotriol 50 µg g−1 ointment in a multicentre, randomized, investigator‐blinded, left–right comparison in mild to moderate chronic plaque psoriasis affecting sensitive areas, defined as being the face, hairline, retroauricular and flexural areas. One pair of symmetrical and bilateral target lesions was selected from each area and assessed for perilesional erythema, oedema, and stinging/burning. Global assessment of local tolerability and global improvement were rated by the investigator, and the subjects were asked to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of each product and to express their global preference. Results In the 75 subjects, calcitriol and calcipotriol both led to clearing of at least one target lesion in 21 (28%) of the subjects each. Perilesional erythema (P < 0·001), perilesional oedema (P < 0·02) and stinging/burning (P < 0·001) were all significantly less severe with calcitriol than with calcipotriol. The subjects' evaluation of local tolerability was significantly (P < 0·0001) in favour of calcitriol. Ten treatment‐related dermatological events occurred in eight subjects, including one subject who experienced skin discomfort on both sides. All other events occurred only on the calcipotriol‐treated side (irritant dermatitis, six subjects; contact dermatitis, one subject). Global assessment of improvement from baseline by the investigators was significantly greater for the calcitriol‐treated lesions (P < 0·02). The subjects' global preference was significantly in favour of calcitriol (P < 0·02). Conclusions In the present study, calcitriol ointment was found to be better tolerated and would appear to be more effective than calcipotriol ointment in the treatment of psoriasis in sensitive areas.
HERNIA IN CHILDREN.Read in the Section on Diseases of Children, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: WM. E. WIRT
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Hernia being a very disabling affection to a relatively large per cent. of the human family, and the frequent cause of death both in aduiis and children, is sufficient reason for its being considered here to-day.   Frequency and Varieties .—I have mentioned that it affects a comparatively large per cent. of mankind. It has been variously estimated that the affection is found in from one-eighth to one-sixteenth of the entire population. About one death occurring in every six hundred is due to hernia. Almost every aperture leading directly or indirectly to the abdominal cavity is liable more or less frequently to become the point of exit of a hernia. In the order of frequency of occurrence they may be named as follows: inguinal, umbilical, femoral, ventral, obturator, ischiatic, perineal, diaphragmatic, and a few other rare forms.  For every ventral hernia there are about four femoral, five umbilical and sixty-two inguinal herniae.
Cell kinetics in the jejunal crypt epithelium in malabsorption syndrome with cow's milk protein intolerance and in coeliac disease of childhood.
Authors: I Kosnai, P Kuitunen, E Savilahti, J Rapola, J Kohegyi
Journal: Gut (1980)

Cell kinetics in the proximal jejunal epithelium were studied by the methods of Cairnie et al. and Wright et al. Seventeen children with untreated malabsorption syndrome and cow9s milk protein intolerance (CMI) and 12 of these on a cow9s milk free diet were compared with 47 children with untreated coeliac disease, with 15 of these on a gluten free diet, and with 15 controls. The total number of cells in the crypts of the patients with CMI was 1.8 times (P less than 0.001) and in patients with coeliac disease 2.4 times (P less than 0.001) that seen in the controls. During the elimination diet the total number of cells in the crypts returned to the level seen in the controls. The mitotic indices, both crude and corrected, were significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in untreated patients with CMI and those with coeliac disease than in the controls. During dietary treatment the indices fell, but not quite to the level of the controls. These small differences between the two groups may be due to the difference in the causative agents or to the different ages of the patients.
Health-Related Quality of Life After Angioplasty and Stent Placement in Patients With Iliac Artery Occlusive Disease
Authors: Johanna L. Bosch, Yolanda van der Graaf, Maria G. M. Hunink
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Backround —To assess the quality of life in patients with iliac artery occlusive disease, we compared primary stent placement versus primary angioplasty followed by selective stent placement in a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Methods and Results —Quality-of-life assessments were completed by 254 patients in a telephone interview. Assessment measures consisted of the RAND 36-Item Health Survey 1.0, time tradeoff, standard gamble, rating scale, health utilities index, and EuroQol-5D. The interviews were performed before treatment and after 1, 3, 12, and 24 months. When the 2 treatments were compared, no significant difference was observed ( P &gt;0.05). All measurements showed a significant improvement in the quality of life after treatment ( P &lt;0.05). The RAND 36-Item Health Survey measures physical functioning, role limitations caused by physical problems, and bodily pain and the EuroQol-5D were the most sensitive to the impact of revascularization. Conclusions —Health-related quality of life improves equally after primary stent placement and primary angioplasty with selective stent placement in the treatment of intermittent claudication caused by iliac artery occlusive disease.
Abstract 2606: Absence of transcriptomic signature of response to chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal carcinoma patients
Authors: Audrey Laroche-Clary, Denis Smith, Armelle Laurand-Quancard, Serge Evrard, Jacques Robert, Valerie Le Morvan
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Using whole genome tumour gene expression profiling in patients treated for metastatic colorectal cancer, we attempted to define a signature able to discriminate between responders and non-responders to first-line chemotherapy. A total of 42 patients were prospectively included between 2003 and 2006. They all suffered from histologically proven colorectal adenocarcinoma and were metastatic at the time of diagnosis. All of them gave informed consent to the study. They were treated in first line with 5-fluorouracil (according to the de Gramont regimen in most cases) associated either with irinotecan (FolFiri regimen, 180 mg/m2 every two weeks, 22 pts) or with oxaliplatin (FolFox 4 regimen, 85 mg/m2, 20 pts) according to physician's decision. Response was evaluated using WHO criteria every 2 months after initiation of chemotherapy and patients were assigned to complete response (1 pt), partial response (24 pts), stable disease (13 pts) or progressive disease (4 pts). From a tumour sample obtained at surgery (18 pts) or by biopsy (24 pts) and kept in RNA later, we extracted and purified total RNA. Gene expression profiling was performed by Cogenics using microarrays from Applied Biosystems (Human Genome Survey Microarray v2.0). We used three different methods for supervised data analysis: analysis of variance, SAM (statistical analysis of microarrays) and Limma (Bioconductor). We compared responders to non-responders in the whole set of patients and in the subsets of patients who received either irinotecan or oxaliplatin. With none of the three methods we were able to obtain a stable signature, i.e. a group of genes consistently associated with response to chemotherapy. On the contrary, we obtained very homogeneous gene expression profiles which were even difficult to clusterise using a non-supervised approach. These negative results show that the determinants of response to chemotherapy should be sought not only in the tumour molecular characteristics, but also among the processes leading to drug availability to the tumour (drug dose, drug disposition, etc.). Especially, the relatively low dose of irinotecan which is of standard use in Europe does not allow to recruit all the responders who could be identified at higher dosage, given the sharp dose-efficacy curve that has been identified long ago for this drug. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2606.
The Regulation of Human Respiration: The Proceedings of the J. S. Haldane Centenary Symposium Held in the University Laboratory of Physiology, Oxford.
Authors: David W. Cugell
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The centenary (1960) of the birth of J. S. Haldane was the occasion for a symposium, held in 1961, in which most of the world's important pulmonary physiologists participated. Although Haldane contributed basic knowledge to many branches of respiratory physiology, this symposium primarily discusses respiratory control. The proceedings are divided into five principal sections, each comprising four to six papers. Individual sections are devoted to specific features of respiratory control such as: peripheral receptors and effectors, central receptors, response to CO<sub>2</sub>, altitude adaptation, and hyperpnea of exercise. Ten to twenty pages of excellent discussion conclude each division. An additional section presents tributes to Haldane, not the usual eulogy often found in medical publications but serious scientific reviews in which the role of Haldane's contributions to the development of present knowledge is traced by an accomplished investigator with an intimate knowledge of the field. A final portion contains brief reports
CHFR Protein Expression Predicts Outcomes to Taxane-Based First Line Therapy in Metastatic NSCLC
Authors: Rathi N. Pillai, Seth A. Brodie, Gabriel L. Sica, You Shaojin, Ge Li, Dana C. Nickleach, Liu Yuan, Vijay A. Varma, Dacian Bonta, James G. Herman, Malcom V. Brock, Maria J.A. Ribeiro, Suresh S. Ramalingam, Taofeek K. Owonikoko, Fadlo R. Khuri, Johann C. Brandes
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Currently, there is no clinically validated test for the prediction of response to tubulin-targeting agents in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we investigated the significance of nuclear expression of the mitotic checkpoint gene checkpoint with forkhead and ringfinger domains (CHFR) as predictor of response and overall survival with taxane-based first-line chemotherapy in advanced stage NSCLC.We studied a cohort of 41 patients (median age 63 years) with advanced NSCLC treated at the Atlanta VAMC between 1999 and 2010. CHFR expression by immunohistochemistry (score 0-4) was correlated with clinical outcome using chi-square test and Cox proportional models. A cutoff score of "3" was determined by receiver operator characteristics analysis for "low" CHFR expression. Results were validated in an additional 20 patients who received taxane-based chemotherapy at Emory University Hospital and the Atlanta VAMC.High expression (score = 4) of CHFR is strongly associated with adverse outcomes: the risk for progressive disease after first-line chemotherapy with carboplatin-paclitaxel was 52% in patients with CHFR-high versus only 19% in those with CHFR-low tumors (P = 0.033). Median overall survival was strongly correlated with CHFR expression status (CHFR low: 9.9 months; CHFR high: 6.2 months; P = 0.002). After multivariate adjustment, reduced CHFR expression remained a powerful predictor of improved overall survival (HR = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.1-0.58%; P = 0.002). In the validation set, low CHFR expression was associated with higher likelihood of clinical benefit (P = 0.03) and improved overall survival (P = 0.038).CHFR expression is a novel predictive marker of response and overall survival in NSCLC patients treated with taxane-containing chemotherapy.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PURULENT PLEURITIC EFFUSIONS IN CHILDHOOD.
Authors: W. H. MYERS
Journal: JAMA (1883)

[Read in the Section on Diseases of Children, June, 1883.] In 1872 I was called to visit a boy, aged eight years. The history of the case and the physical diagnosis disclosed the presence of fluid in the left pleural cavity. Its nature was determined by the exploratory puncture with the hypodermic needle. After thirty days I was in doubt as to the treatment pursued, and I sent the following telegram to Prof. Bowditch: “Patient æt. eight years; pleuritis, followed by empyæmia; three aspirations; interim ten days. First aspiration, 36 ounces; second, 24 ounces; third, 36 ounces of pus,” and in his absence received a reply from a physician of acknowledged ability to “aspirate.” I followed his instruction during the remaining six weeks that my patient lived. The result of the treatment impressed me so profoundly that I have never followed up a succession of aspirations in empyæmia; but am
Mutations of the SF3B1 splicing factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: association with progression and fludarabine-refractoriness
Authors: Davide Rossi, Alessio Bruscaggin, Valeria Spina, Silvia Rasi, Hossein Khiabanian, Monica Messina, Marco Fangazio, Tiziana Vaisitti, Sara Monti, Sabina Chiaretti, Anna Guarini, Ilaria Del Giudice, Michaela Cerri, Stefania Cresta, Clara Deambrogi, Ernesto Gargiulo, Valter Gattei, Francesco Forconi, Francesco Bertoni, Silvia Deaglio, Raul Rabadan, Laura Pasqualucci, Robin Foà, Riccardo Dalla-Favera, Gianluca Gaidano
Journal: Blood (2011)
Role of research in general practice.
Authors: M H Drucquer
Journal: BMJ (1991)

sought to raise theoretical and political questions about the nature of public health in the nineteenth century.It ends by saying: ... we cannot afford to romanticise the public health movement of the nineteenth century.It achieved certain notable successes, though these were fre- quently based more upon ideology than science.But, more importantly, its ideological impulses were often subservient to narrow class interests.One of the people to whom I think this particularly applies is Edwin Chadwick, whose heroic role in the mythology of public health in England Dr Ashton implicitly endorsed in an editorial.2This suggests that when Dr Ashton describes my chapter as idiosyncratic he is simply misleading the reader.
Tumour immunology and the gut.
Authors: K C Calman
Journal: Gut (1975)

This review set out to answer several questions related to tumour immunology and the gut. It is evident that in patients with gastrointestinal cancer there is a general depression of the immune response and this seems to be correlated with the stage of the disease. Paradoxically a specific immune response against definable tumour antigens can be demonstrated, both cellular and humoral mechanisms being involved although the complexities of this paradox require further analysis. Immunotherapy has been employed in gastrointestinal tumours in a sporadic way. The results suggest that gastrointestinal neoplasms may respond at least as well as other tumours. A firm conclusion awaits the results of controlled trials in which the bulk of the tumour has been effectively dealt with by other means or where combined immunochemotherapy is being used.
Mechanistic Investigation and Implications of Photodynamic Therapy Induction of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Nicolas Solban, Selbo K. Pål, Sinha K. Alok, Chang K. Sung, Tayyaba Hasan
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is now an approved therapeutic modality, and induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) following subcurative PDT is of concern as VEGF may provide a survival stimulus to tumors. The processes that limit the efficacy of PDT warrant investigation so that mechanism-based interventions may be developed. This study investigates VEGF increase following subcurative PDT using the photosensitizer benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) both in an in vitro and in an orthotopic model of prostate cancer using the human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. The two subcurative doses used, 0.25 and 0.5 J/cm2, mimicked subcurative PDT and elicited a 1.6- and 2.1-fold increase, respectively, in secreted VEGF 24 hours following PDT. Intracellular VEGF protein measurement and VEGF mRNA showed a 1.4- and 1.6-fold increase only at 0.5 J/cm2. In vivo subcurative PDT showed an increase in VEGF by both immunohistochemistry and ELISA. In vitro analysis showed no activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) or cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) following subcurative PDT; furthermore, small interfering RNA inhibition of HIF-1α and COX-2 inhibitor treatment had no effect on PDT induction of VEGF. PDT in the presence of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT inhibitor or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor still induced VEGF. However, subcurative PDT increased phosphorylated p38 and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase. The p38 MAPK inhibitor abolished PDT induction of VEGF. The results establish the importance of VEGF in subcurative BPD-PDT of prostate cancer and suggest possible molecular pathways for its induction. These findings should provide the basis for the development of molecular-based interventions for enhancing PDT and merit further studies. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(11):5633-40)