tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Regulation of the fibrinolytic system of cultured human vascular endothelium by interleukin 1.
Authors: M P Bevilacqua, R R Schleef, M A Gimbrone, D J Loskutoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

We examined the effects of human interleukin 1 (IL-1) on the production of fibrinolytic components by cultured human vascular endothelium. Conditioned media collected from IL-1-treated (5 U/ml, 24 h) monolayers exhibited decreased tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) activity and increased plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activity, as assessed by fibrin and reverse fibrin-autography. Quantitative immunological assays revealed a 35% decrease in tPA antigen and a 360% increase in active PAI antigen, after incubation for 24 h with 0.6 U/ml IL-1. Maximal effects (approximately 50% decrease in tPA antigen; 400-800% increase in active PAI antigen) were observed with 2.5-5 U/ml IL-1. Changes in tPA and PAI reached a maximum at approximately 24 h and persisted for greater than 48 h. IL-1 induction of endothelial procoagulant activity was more rapid and transient, peaking by 6 h and subsiding by 24 h. Natural monocyte-derived IL-1 and two species of recombinant IL-1 had comparable effects. Heat and polymyxin-B treatments differentiated IL-1 actions from those of endotoxin, which promoted similar endothelial alterations. IL-1 effects on endothelial procoagulant and fibrinolytic activities may contribute to the generation and maintenance of fibrin in pathophysiological settings in vivo.
REPORT CIX. ON THE PRIMITIVE MUSCLE TISSUE OF THE HUMAN HEART
Authors: A. Gibson
Journal: BMJ (1909)

THE attention recently given to the more accurate analysis of the events taking place in the cardiac cycle of man has resulted in limiting the origin of the beat to certain regions.In the frog's heart we know that the beat originates in the sinus venosus, and it has been tentatively assumed that in mammalian hearts the beat originates in that part which represents the sinus venosus of the amphibia.Recent clinical work, as for instance that of
A Thyroid Nodule Representing Metastatic Renal Carcinoma
Authors: JAMES C. MAILANDER, VIRGIL B. GRAVES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Metastatic neoplasms to the thyroid that become clinically apparent are rare, but a patient that presents with a thyroid nodule and a history of a prior malignancy elsewhere (especially a renal neoplasm) should be thought to have a metastatic nodule first and a nodule of thyroid origin second. This report describes a 66-year-old woman who presented with a large symptomatic thyroid nodule and a history of a right nephrectomy for renal carcinoma two years previously.
Long term effect on mortality of stopping smoking after unstable angina and myocardial infarction.
Authors: L E Daly, R Mulcahy, I M Graham, N Hickey
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Subjects who stop smoking cigarettes after myocardial infarction have an improved rate of survival compared with those who continue, but to date it was not known whether the benefit persisted for more than six years. A total of 498 men aged under 60 years who had survived a first episode of unstable angina or myocardial infarction by two years were followed up by life table methods for a further 13 years. Mortality in those who continued to smoke was significantly higher (82.1%) than in those who stopped smoking (36.9%). These differences increased with time. Mortality in those who were non-smokers initially and who continued not to smoke was intermediate (62.1%). The adverse effect of continued smoking was most pronounced in those with unstable angina. Continuing to smoke increased the rate of sudden death to a greater degree in those with less severe initial attacks, while the effect of smoking on fatal reinfarctions was most apparent in those with a more complicated presentation. These findings suggest that stopping cigarette smoking is the most effective single action in the management of patients with coronary heart disease.
Creatine Phosphokinase Elevation
Authors: CHARLES K. TASHIMA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 July 1973Creatine Phosphokinase ElevationCHARLES K. TASHIMA, M.D.CHARLES K. TASHIMA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-79-1-140_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The recent reports (1-3) on the causes of elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) in noncardiac conditions call for emphasis on its occurrence in many different situations.Levitan's case (1) of elevated CPK in an alcoholic who developed acute pancreatitis and lactic acidosis while on phenformin therapy made me recall two patients with puzzling increases of CPK. Both patients were known alcoholics prone to alcohol binges. The CPK levels were elevated 8 to 16 times the normal values and remained elevated for many days after admission. After numerous studies in one of these patients, which included endocrine, neuromuscular, and...References1. LEVITAN A: Phenformin and pancreatitis (letter). Ann Intern Med 78:306-307, 1973 LinkGoogle Scholar2. HOWERSTRUCKTACKMAN JHW: CPK activity in hypoparathyroidism (letter). N Engl J Med 287:1098, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. WOLF S: CPK activity in hypoparathyroidism (letter). N Engl J Med 288:215, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. COODLEY E: Elevated creatine Phosphokinase activity (letter). N Engl J Med 285: 635, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. KINGZAPF JP: A review of the value of creatine phosphokinase estimations in clinical medicine. Med J Aust 1:699-703, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByAn increase in creatine kinase secondary to acute pancreatitis: a case report 1 July 1973Volume 79, Issue 1Page: 140-140KeywordsAcute pancreatitisAlcoholicsAlcoholsCreatineCreatinine phosphokinaseLactic acidosis Issue Published: 1 July 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
924 A GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY IDENTIFIED A NOVEL SUSCEPTIBILITY LOCUS GENE PBK (RS 17388536)FOR SUSTAINED VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE IN PATIENTS BEARING IL28B GENOTYPE CC
Authors: L. Rojas, M. Maraver, L. Ortiz-Fernandez, A. Rojas, M. Conde, M. García-Valdecasas, R. García-Lozano, J.A. Del Campo, R. Sola, X. Forns, R. Moreno-Otero, R. Andrade, M. Diago, J. Salmeron, L. Rodrigo, J.A. Pons, J.M. Navarro, J.L. Calleja, J. Garcia-Samaniego, M. Butti, C. Cano, M. Millen, R. Millan, M.F. Gonzalez-Escribano, M. Romero-Gomez
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
C1r deficiency: an inborn error associated with cutaneous and renal disease
Authors: N. K. Day, H. Geiger, R. Stroud, M. deBracco, B. Mancado, D. Windhorst, R. A. Good
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

The studies of sera from two siblings with C1r deficiency are described. The brother (18 yr old) has shown clinical manifestations resembling lupus erythematosus for 5 yr, and the sister (24 yr old) has had arthralgia and recurrent episodes of rhinobronchitis since early childhood. Three siblings have died: one brother died at age 12 with symptoms similar to the disease of the male patient studied here, and two other siblings died in infancy, probably from infection. The low hemolytic C1 activity of the patients could be restored by the addition of purified C1r to their sera. Bactericidal activity and immune adherence were found to be impaired. When alternate pathways of the complement system were studied, both sera permitted activation of terminal components with endotoxin and cobra venom factor. These findings support the view that an alternate pathway for activation of the terminal portion of the complement cascade exists which does not utilize the conventional pathway operating through the usual early components.
Anti–Glycoprotein VI Treatment Severely Compromises Hemostasis in Mice With Reduced α <sub>2</sub> β <sub>1</sub> Levels or Concomitant Aspirin Therapy
Authors: Sabine Grüner, Miroslava Prostredna, Barsom Aktas, Alexandra Moers, Valerie Schulte, Thomas Krieg, Stefan Offermanns, Beate Eckes, Bernhard Nieswandt
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Platelet inhibition is a major strategy to prevent arterial thrombosis, but it is frequently associated with increased bleeding because of impaired primary hemostasis. The activating platelet collagen receptor, glycoprotein VI (GP VI), may serve as a powerful antithrombotic target because its inhibition or absence results in profound protection against arterial thrombosis but no major bleeding in mice. Methods and Results— Mice lacking (−/−) or expressing half-levels (+/−) of the other major platelet collagen receptor, integrin α 2 β 1 , were injected with the anti–GP VI antibody JAQ1 and analyzed on day 5. Anti–GP VI treatment resulted in a marked hemostatic defect in α 2 −/− or α 2 +/− mice, as shown by dramatically prolonged tail bleeding times. Platelet adhesion to collagen was studied in an ex vivo whole-blood perfusion system under high shear conditions. Weak integrin activation by thromboxane A 2 (TxA 2 ) receptor stimulation restored defective adhesion of anti–GP VI–treated wild-type but not α 2 −/− or α 2 +/− platelets to collagen. This process required the simultaneous activation of the G q and G 13 signaling pathways, as demonstrated by use of the respective knockout strains. Conversely, inhibition of TxA 2 production by aspirin severely compromised hemostasis in anti–GP VI–treated or GP VI/Fc receptor γ-chain–deficient but not control mice. Conclusions— Anti–GP VI therapy may result in defective hemostasis in patients with reduced α 2 β 1 levels or concomitant aspirin therapy. These observations may have important implications for a potential use of anti–GP VI–based therapeutics in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
BiDil for Heart Failure in Black Patients: Implications of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Approval
Authors: Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Alicia Fernandez
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

In 2005, the combination of hydralazine hydrochloride and isosorbide dinitrate was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating heart failure in black patients. In departing from its long history of approving drugs for general clinical indications without regard to demographic classification, the FDA cited the need to address racial disparities in health as an important contributor to their decision. The authors argue that this decision, although perhaps well-intentioned, was based on flawed scientific interpretation of trial results that claimed differential drug response by race and ignored the considerable literature on the cause of racial disparities in health and health care. Because of its potential impact on future drug approvals, the FDA's decision is a setback in the scientific and policy discourse on medical therapeutics and race and specifically hinders the efforts aimed at eliminating health and health care disparities.
Physical activity to prevent obesity in young children
Authors: Alastair Michell
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Physical activity to prevent obesity in young children Negative outcome or protocol problem?Editor-Although the article by Reilly et al on physical activity to prevent obesity in young children emphasises that adherence to protocol was good, 1 an interview with Reilly on the Today programme (7.20 am, 6 October 2006) cited the difficulty in getting children to increase their activity as much as required-that is, not a negative outcome, but a problem in achieving sufficient increase to make the intervention effective.Which was the case?
Xpert MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Claudia M. Denkinger, Samuel G. Schumacher, Catharina C. Boehme, Nandini Dendukuri, Madhukar Pai, Karen R. Steingart
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

Xpert MTB/RIF (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) is endorsed for the detection of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the accuracy of Xpert for the detection of extrapulmonary TB. We searched multiple databases to October 15, 2013. We determined the accuracy of Xpert compared with culture and a composite reference standard (CRS). We grouped data by sample type and performed meta-analyses using a bivariate random-effects model. We assessed sources of heterogeneity using meta-regression for predefined covariates. We identified 18 studies involving 4461 samples. Sample processing varied greatly among the studies. Xpert sensitivity differed substantially between sample types. In lymph node tissues or aspirates, Xpert pooled sensitivity was 83.1% (95% CI 71.4–90.7%) versus culture and 81.2% (95% CI 72.4–87.7%) versus CRS. In cerebrospinal fluid, Xpert pooled sensitivity was 80.5% (95% CI 59.0–92.2%) against culture and 62.8% (95% CI 47.7–75.8%) against CRS. In pleural fluid, pooled sensitivity was 46.4% (95% CI 26.3–67.8%) against culture and 21.4% (95% CI 8.8–33.9%) against CRS. Xpert pooled specificity was consistently &gt;98.7% against CRS across different sample types. Based on this systematic review, the World Health Organization now recommends Xpert over conventional tests for diagnosis of TB in lymph nodes and other tissues, and as the preferred initial test for diagnosis of TB meningitis.
Treatment of red cell aplasia with antithymocyte globulin: Repeated inductions of complete remissions in two patients
Authors: Stuart I. Harris, J. Brice Weinberg
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract Two patients with red cell aplasia unresponsive to prednisone and cyclophosphamide were treated with antithymocyte globulin (ATG). Both patients developed reticulocytosis within 2‐4 days after ATG treatment and had complete remissions. Within 4‐6 months, they relapsed, and after retreatment with ATG both again developed reticulocytosis and remission. ATG should be considered for the treatment of patients with red cell aplasia who fail to respond to glucocorticoid/alkylator treatment.
The Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor, Pargyline Hydrochloride, and Reserpine
Authors: Robert F. Maronde
Journal: JAMA (1963)

A new monoamine oxidase inhibitor, pargyline hydrochloride, given by mouth, produced a significant drop in the group averages of blood pressure of 29 hypertensive patients. The major effect was on the pressures of patients when standing, although there was also some decrease of diastolic pressure in supine patients. This drop in pressure was similar in character to that previously caused by guanethidine sulfate and probably approximated the BP response reported after use of methyldopa (Aldomet). In another group of 16 hypertensive persons, 0.5 mg of reserpine given daily by mouth resulted in only a slight decrease of the diastolic pressure on standing. The amount of methyl reserpate found in the urine of these patients indicated that some of the oral reserpine was probably inactivated in the intestine by hydrolysis.
Effects of Pulmonary Embolism on the Pulmonary Circulation With Special Reference to Arteriovenous Shunts in the Lung
Authors: ALBERT H. NIDEN, DOMINGO M. AVIADO
Journal: Circulation Research (1956)

Pulmonary embolism using glass beads was investigated in anesthetized dogs. The instantaneous bradycardia and apnea immediately following the injection is a reflex mediated by the vagus. The subsequent respiratory stimulation is also reflex in nature mediated not only by the sensory vagus but also by the thoracic sympathetics and the aortic and carotid body chemoreceptors. The latter are activated by anoxemia which appears to be due to opening of arteriovenous communications in the embolized lungs. In the perfused lungs, the hypertension of embolization is the outcome of mechanical obstruction by the emboli plus reflex vasoconstriction which is partly mediated by the extrinsic pulmonary nerves.
Distinct patterns of hematopoietic stem cell involvement in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Anders Castor, Lars Nilsson, Ingbritt Åstrand-Grundström, Miranda Buitenhuis, Carole Ramirez, Kristina Anderson, Bodil Strömbeck, Stanislaw Garwicz, Albert N Békássy, Kjeld Schmiegelow, Birgitte Lausen, Peter Hokland, Sören Lehmann, Gunnar Juliusson, Bertil Johansson, Sten Eirik W Jacobsen
Journal: Nature Medicine (2005)
Metabolic activation of benzo(a)pyrene in SENCAR and BALB/c mouse embryo cell cultures.
Authors: W M Baird, S M Sebti, L A Reinsvold
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

The metabolism and DNA binding of benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] were compared in early passage mouse embryo cell cultures prepared from SENCAR mice, a strain especially susceptible to two-stage tumorigenesis, and BALB/c mice, a strain relatively resistant to two-stage tumorigenesis. Cultures from both strains metabolized similar amounts of B(a)P; however, the proportion of water-soluble metabolites formed was higher in the BALB/c cultures than in the SENCAR cultures. The major metabolites formed in cultures from both strains were B(a)P-9,10-diol, B(a)P-7,8-diol and the glucuronic acid conjugate of 3-hydroxy-B(a)P. The level of binding of B(a)P to DNA was greater in the SENCAR mouse embryo cell cultures than in the BALB/c cultures after 5, 24, and 48 hr exposure. The major B(a)P-DNA adduct formed in B(a)P-treated cultures from both strains was the adduct formed by reaction of (+)anti-B(a)P-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide [anti-B(a)PDE, the isomer with the epoxide and the benzylic hydroxyl on opposite faces of the molecule] with the exocyclic amino group of deoxyguanosine. Immobilized boronate chromatography followed by high-performance liquid chromatography demonstrated the presence of small amounts of syn-B(a)PDE (the isomer with the epoxide and benzylic hydroxyl on the same face of the molecule)-DNA adducts. The proportions of these amounts were similar in cultures from both strains. The results suggest that SENCAR mouse embryo cell cultures may convert less B(a)P to water-soluble metabolites and more to DNA-binding metabolites than BALB/c mouse embryo cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Characterization of FcεRI-bearing CD123+ blood dendritic cell antigen-2+ plasmacytoid dendritic cells in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Natalija Novak, Jean-Pierre Allam, Tobias Hagemann, Claudia Jenneck, Sylvia Laffer, Rudolf Valenta, Jarema Kochan, Thomas Bieber
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Defining perception and cognition
Authors: Dennis J. McFarland, Anthony T. Cacace
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Discussions of the relationship between perception and cognition often proceed without a definition of these terms. The sensory-modality specific nature of low-level perceptual processes provides a means of distinguishing them from cognitive processes. A more explicit definition of terms provides insight into the nature of the evidence that can resolve questions about the relationship between perception and cognition.
Physician Migration to the United States
Authors: Hossain A. Ronaghy, Kathleen Cahill, Timothy D. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1974)

THERE are now nearly 47,000 foreign-trained physicians who have permanent residency status and are licensed to practice medicine in the United States.<sup>1</sup>In the past 20 years, the number of foreign medical graduates (FMG) receiving license to practice increased from an annual rate of 300 in 1950 to 3,000 in 1970.<sup>1</sup>Thus, in 1970, twenty-seven percent of the 11,000 new licentiates in the United States were FMG as compared to 5% of 6,000 new physicians granted licenses in 1950.<sup>1</sup>Now almost one-third of all US house staff are FMG.<sup>1</sup>The extensive role played by the FMG in the health care system of the United States has been discussed from the point of view of the receiving country in a recent article by Dublin.<sup>2</sup>Our study addresses the issue from the viewpoint of one of the major donating countries. At present Iran ranks fifth among all
Isolated perfused cirrhotic human liver obtained from liver transplant patients: A feasibility study
Authors: Jean-Pierre Villeneuve, P.-Michel Huet, Louise Gariepy, Daphna Fenyves, Bernard Willems, Jean Côté, Réal Lapointe, Denis Marleau
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Cirrhotic livers obtained from eight patients who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation were perfused through the portal vein and hepatic artery in a closed recycling system for periods ranging from 2 to 7 hr. An average perfusion flow of 451 ml/min was used, with about 80% coming from the portal vein and 20% from the hepatic artery. The livers appeared to remain viable as assessed by gross appearance, stable portal vein and hepatic artery pressures, oxygen consumption and bile production. The extraction ratio of indocyanine green by the perfused livers averaged 0.098 (range = 0.023 to 0.168); that of propranolol averaged 0.445 (range = 0.126 to 0.813). Using the multiple-indicator dilution-curve method, shunts greater than 15 microns in diameter were demonstrated between the portal and hepatic veins in six of eight cases, whereas shunts from the hepatic artery to the hepatic veins were absent. Perfusion of human livers obtained during hepatic transplantation is a fairly simple procedure that will allow researchers to gain new insights into cirrhosis in humans.
Pericecal abscess treated by endoscopic transappendiceal stenting
Authors: C. Kapral, F. Wewalka, A. Ziachehabi, R. Schoefl
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

A 63-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain without fever or diarrhea. Laboratory data were notable for elevated C-reactive protein of 12.8 mg/dL (normal < 1.0 mg/dL). A colonoscopy carried out on the day after admission showed that the appendiceal orifice was inflamed and protruding ([Fig. 1]). A computed tomography (CT) scan taken after colonoscopy demonstrated a 5 × 3 cm pericecal abscess. The consulted surgeon recommended drainage and antibiotic therapy. Since the patient's colon was still clean we decided to do endoscopic transluminal drainage as described previously [1] [2] [3], although we intended to carry out transappendiceal stenting for long-term drainage, a procedure which has not been reported to date. A second colonoscopy was performed the same day. We intubated the appendix easily, using a guide wire sphincterotome, and plenty of pus discharged from the appendiceal orifice ([Fig. 2]). The abscess was visualized on fluoroscopy, using a contrast medium ([Fig. 3]). A double pigtail catheter, 4 cm in length and 7Fr in diameter, was placed into the abscess cavity ([Fig. 4]). The patient was free of pain immediately after drainage and CRP levels returned to normal within a few days. Ultrasonographic follow-up demonstrated rapid resolution of the abscess. An abdominal X-ray taken 3 weeks later showed that the pigtail catheter was no longer in place but had passed spontaneously. The consulted surgeon did not carry out interval appendectomy since no further episodes of appendicitis were expected to occur because of the likely obliteration of the appendiceal lumen [4]. After 6 months follow-up the patient is well without any recurrence or clinical signs of appendicitis.