tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The biosynthetic basis of adult lactase deficiency.
Authors: J Witte, M Lloyd, V Lorenzsonn, H Korsmo, W Olsen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

The intestinal brush-border enzyme lactase splits lactose into its component monosaccharides, glucose and galactose. Relative deficiency of the enzyme during adulthood is a common condition worldwide and is frequently associated with symptoms of lactose intolerance. We studied the synthesis and processing of lactase in normal and adult hypolactasic subjects using human intestinal explants in organ culture. Metabolic labeling experiments in our control subjects with [35S]methionine followed by immunoprecipitation, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, and fluorography demonstrated that newly synthesized lactase is initially recognized as a precursor molecule with a relative molecular weight (Mr) of 205,000. Over the course of several hours most of the labeled lactase was converted to a mature form of 150,000 Mr. Transiently appearing forms of 215,000 and 190,000 Mr were identified and were felt to represent intermediary species generated during intracellular processing. We identified two distinct alterations in lactase biosynthesis accounting for adult hypolactasia. Studies in three deficient subjects demonstrated markedly reduced synthesis of the precursor protein though posttranslational processing appeared identical to normal. Multiple studies in a fourth deficient subject demonstrated synthesis of ample amounts of precursor lactase but reduced conversion to the mature active form of the enzyme.
Medullary Sponge Kidney and Renal-Leak Hypercalciuria
Authors: Paul W. Dlabal
Journal: JAMA (1979)

The pathogenesis of the association of medullary sponge kidney and hyperparathyroidism from parathyroid adenoma remains obscure. This unusual case of medullary sponge kidney and secondary hyperparathyroidism due to renal-leak hypercalciuria gives insight into a possible mechanism for the occurrence of medullary sponge kidney with parathyroid adenoma. Suppressible hyperparathyroidism due to renal calcium wasting could represent an intermediate stage in the development of unsuppressible parathyroid hormone secretion. Thus, parathyroid adenoma occurring with medullary sponge kidney may represent a consequence of disordered renal calcium excretion rather than a primary abnormality.
Confidentiality, contraception, and young people
Authors: D Paintin
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - Victoria Gillick implies that sexual behaviour in young people under 16 would be beneficially restricted if doctors either did not prescribe contraception for this age group or did so only with parental consent.1 Her view is not supported by research. About 28% of boys and 20% of girls have had intercourse by the age of 16, and 55% and 45% of these, respectively, …
Myocardial Tc-99m sestamibi activity predicts recovery of function after coronary bypass surgery: Correlation with histopathology
Authors: Habib A. Dakik, Donald G. Wellbaecher, Jimmy F. Howell, Rafael Espada, Gerald M. Lawrie, Zuo-Xiang He, Periyanan Vaduganathan, John J. Mahmarian, Mario S. Verani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Comparison of Subcutaneous Soluble Human Insulin and Insulin Analogues (AspB9, GluB27; AspB10; AspB28) on Meal-Related Plasma Glucose Excursions in Type I Diabetic Subjects
Authors: Steven Kang, Fionuala M Creagh, John R Peters, Jens Brange, Aage Vølund, David R Owens
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Objective To compare postprandial glucose excursions and plasma free insulin-analogue levels after subcutaneous injection of three novel human insulin analogues (AspB10; AspB9, GluB27; and AspB28) with those after injection of soluble human insulin (Actrapid HM U-100). To compare postprandial glucose excursions and plasma free insulin-analogue levels after subcutaneous injection of three novel human insulin analogues (AspB10; AspB9, GluB27; and AspB28) with those after injection of soluble human insulin (Actrapid HM U-100). Research Design and Methods Six male subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes, at least 1 wk apart and after an overnight fast and basal insulin infusion, received 72 nmol (∼ 12 U)s.c. of soluble human insulin 30 min before, or 72 nmol of each of the three analogues immediately before, a standard 500-kcal meal. Results Mean basal glucoses were similar on the 4 study days. Compared to human insulin (6.3 ± 0.8 mM), mean ± SE peak incremental glucose rises were similar after analogues AspB10 (5.4 ± 0.8 mM) and AspB9, GluB27 (5.4 ± 0.7 mM) and significantly lower after analogue AspB28 (3.6 ± 1.2 mM, P &amp;lt; 0.02). Relative to soluble human insulin (100% ± SE21), incremental areas under the glucose curve between 0 and 240 min were 79% ± 34 (AspB10, NS), 70% ± 29 (AspB9, GluB27, NS), and 43% ± 23 (AspB28, P &amp;lt; 0.02). Basal plasma free insulin levels were similar on the 4 study days. Plasma free insulin-analogue levels rose rapidly to peak 30 min after injection at 308 ± 44 pM (AspB10); 1231 ± 190 pM (AspB9, GluB27) and 414 ± 42 pM (AspB28) and were significantly higher than corresponding (i.e., 30 min postmeal) plasma free insulin levels of 157 ± 15 pM (P &amp;lt; 0.02 in each case). Conclusions Plasma profiles of the insulin analogues were more physiological than that of human insulin after subcutaneous injection. All three analogues given immediately before the meal are at least as effective as soluble human insulin given 30 min earlier. These analogues are promising potential candidates for short-acting insulins of the future.
IMMUNOPATHOLOGY OF NZB/BL MICE
Authors: Robert C. Mellors, Chen Ya Huang
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1967)

Hemolytic disease characterized by slight anemia, reticulocytosis, hemosiderosis, extramedullary hematopoiesis, and positive indirect antiglobulin (Coombs') tests and renal disease with proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and glomerular lesions were produced in Swiss mice by neonatal intraperitoneal inoculation of cell-free filtrates prepared from the spleens of old NZB/Bl mice. Lymphoid cell and plasma cell hyperplasia as well as hypergammaglobulinemia occurred in some of these inoculated mice. Type "C" murine oncogenic virus-like particles, indistinguishable from those previously described (1), were shown by electron microscopic study to be present in distinctive locations, notably in the basal foldings of convoluted tubules in the kidneys of a newborn NZB/Bl mouse, old NZB/Bl mice, a CBA x NZB F1 hybrid mouse, and a Swiss mouse inoculated with NZB/Bl spleen cell-free filtrate. These observations point to two (perhaps related) circumstances which may be requisites for the pathogenic action of this newly discovered virus within and outside the strain NZB: infection of newborn, or infant, mice; persistent, possibly tolerant, infection of adult mice.
LONGEVITY WITH COMPLETE ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK
Authors: Julien E. Benjamin
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Two case reports of patients known to have complete heart block for 35 years are presented for the purpose of adding to the literature further information on the important aspect of prognosis in this disease of the heart. Atrioventricular block has always been an important clinical problem in itself and also in indicating the existence of serious disease or toxic states. Occasionally, however, and possibly more often than is generally appreciated, etiological factors may influence strikingly the course of this disease. <h3>REPORT OF CASES</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> Miss L. W., aged 57, a white registered nurse, was known to one of us (J. E. B.) for 35 years. In 1910, when she was hospitalized for a minor surgical procedure, it was noted that she had a "slow pulse." The patient's mother told her that when she was very young the family doctor had observed her unusually slow pulse rate. She had
PcG methylation of the HIST1 cluster defines an epigenetic marker of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: G Tiberi, A Pekowska, C Oudin, A Ivey, A Autret, T Prebet, M Koubi, F Lembo, M-J Mozziconacci, G Bidaut, C Chabannon, D Grimwade, N Vey, S Spicuglia, B Calmels, E Duprez
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
(12) Muir-Torre syndrome
Authors: I.H. Coulson, K.V. Sanderson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article (12) Muir‐Torre syndrome Get access I.H. Coulson, I.H. Coulson Royal Marsden Hospital, London SW3 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K.V. Sanderson K.V. Sanderson Royal Marsden Hospital, London SW3 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 113, Issue s29, 1 July 1985, Pages 56–57, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb13027.x Published: 01 July 1985
EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION OF DIGESTIVE TRACT ULCERATIONS
Authors: Abraham Penner, Alice Ida Bernheim
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1939)

We have attempted to reproduce in animal experiments a group of pathological findings which we have observed to be associated with shock. In order to simulate the compensatory vasomotor reactions occurring in shock, we have utilized the intraperitoneal injection of adrenalin hydrochloride in dogs, cats, rabbits and guinea pigs. That the effect of adrenalin hydrochloride when injected by this route is of long duration has been shown by the prolonged hyperglycemia which it produces. Our experiments have resulted in the production of a lesion in the digestive tract which is identical in the gross with those which we observed in our human material. The histological changes, however, have been found to differ from those encountered in the latter. These differences have been noted to occur only in the dog and cat, where the initial changes take place in the mucosa, and the alterations in the submucosa appear secondary to these. In the rabbit and guinea pig the histogenesis of the lesions is identical with that observed in man, the lesions first manifesting themselves in changes in the submucosa, congestion, edema and hernorrhage. Only later are similar changes seen in the mucosa, progressing finally to necrosis and ulceration. The cause of the histological differences has been found in the presence of arteriovenous anastomoses which occur in the submucosa in the case of the dog and cat and in the mucosa in the case of the rabbit, guinea pig and man. We have pointed out that variations in blood flow through the intestinal wall may result from the short circuiting of the blood through the arteriovenous anastomoses. This, associated with the vasoconstriction known to occur in shock, may if severe and prolonged, result in necrosis of the intestinal wall. We have experimentally reproduced the same lesion by the injection of adrenalin, which acts in a similar way. The experimentally produced anatomical changes offer additional evidence in support of the clinical occurrence of a vasospasm which is of sufficient severity and duration to cause tissue necrosis.
Aseptic Necrosis of the Femoral Head Associated with Steroid Therapy
Authors: Mervin Boksenbaum
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Aseptic necrosis of the femoral head occurred in two patients after they had received intensive corticosteroid therapy. In neither case was the primary disease process one usually associated with this complication. In one case, that of an 18-yr-old woman, the medication was taken for chronic severe skin disease, diagnosed as pemphigus vulgaris. In the other, that of a 52-yr-old woman, the hormone was administered for recurrent exfoliative dermatitis. A direct hormonal effect on osteoblastic activity is offered as explanation for the bone necrosis. Prompt attention to symptoms of hip pain in patients receiving corticosteroid therapy may markedly alter the course of this complication.
Variants of PBEF predispose to systemic sclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension development
Authors: J. C. A. Broen, P. Gourh, M. C. Vonk, L. Beretta, F. Niederer, B. Rueda, L. Geurts-van Bon, C. Brouwer, R. Hesselstrand, A. Herrick, J. Worthington, N. Hunzelman, D. C. Fonseca, G. Riemekasten, H. Kiener, R. Scorza, C. P. Simeon, V. Fonollosa, P. Carreira, N. Ortego-Centeno, M. A. Gonzalez-Gay, P. Airo', M. J. H. Coenen, M. Mayes, D. Kyburz, F. C. Arnett, J. Martin, T. R. D. J. Radstake
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Aim</h3> Pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF) is intricately involved in inflammation and fibrosis, functional polymorphisms of PBEF have been previously shown to influence PBEF expression and pulmonary damage. Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a disease in which inflammation, fibrosis and pulmonary deterioration are prominent hallmarks. Therefore the authors here investigate the role of the <i>PBEF -1001T&gt;G</i> and <i>PBEF -1543C&gt;T</i> polymorphisms in the genetic predisposition to SSc susceptibility and pulmonary involvement. <h3>Patients and methods</h3> The authors genotyped DNA from 2737 SSc patients and 1913 matched healthy controls, both from eight different ethnic populations. Genotyping was performed using custom Taqman 59 allelic discrimination assays. In addition, PBEF serum expression levels were measured by ELISA and correlated with genotypes. <h3>Results</h3> In two separate populations and in a meta-analysis, the combined <i>PBEF -1543CC -1001TT genotype</i>, hence carrying no minor alleles, was found associated with SSc susceptibility (p=0.009 OR 1.20 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.37)). In addition, these subjects showed an increased decline in forced vital capacity over 15 years follow-up (p=0.02) (HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.64) and a higher PBEF serum concentration (p&lt;0.01), compared to carriers of minor alleles. On the other hand, patients with genotype <i>PBEF -1001TT</i> were at lower risk for PAH development within 15 years of disease onset compared to the carriers with genotypes <i>PBEF -1001GG</i> and <i>PBEF -1001TG</i> (p&lt;0.001) (HR 3.29, 95% CI 1.52 to 7.12). <h3>Conclusions</h3> This data identify PBEF as a novel candidate gene that influences SSc susceptibility, pulmonary function and the development of PAH.
The succinate receptor GPR91 in neurons has a major role in retinal angiogenesis
Authors: Przemyslaw Sapieha, Mirna Sirinyan, David Hamel, Karine Zaniolo, Jean-Sébastien Joyal, Jang-Hyeon Cho, Jean-Claude Honoré, Elsa Kermorvant-Duchemin, Daya R Varma, Sophie Tremblay, Martin Leduc, Lenka Rihakova, Pierre Hardy, William H Klein, Xiuqian Mu, Orval Mamer, Pierre Lachapelle, Adriana Di Polo, Christian Beauséjour, Gregor Andelfinger, Grant Mitchell, Florian Sennlaub, Sylvain Chemtob
Journal: Nature Medicine (2008)
Empirically Supported Treatments Improve Care of Adolescents With Depression
Authors: Lynne Lamberg
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Distinct kinetics and dynamics of cross-presentation in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells compared to dendritic cells
Authors: Anna Schurich, Jan P. Böttcher, Sven Burgdorf, Patrick Penzler, Silke Hegenbarth, Michaela Kern, Andreas Dolf, Elmar Endl, Joachim Schultze, Emmanuel Wiertz, Dirk Stabenow, Christian Kurts, Percy Knolle
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Abstract Cross-presentation is an important function of immune competent cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and an organ-resident liver cell population, i.e., liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs). Here, we characterize in direct comparison to DCs the distinct dynamics and kinetics of cross-presentation employed by LSECs, which promote tolerance induction in CD8 T cells. We found that LSECs were as competent in cross-presenting circulating soluble antigen ex vivo as DCs at a per-cell basis. However, antigen uptake in vivo was 100-fold more pronounced in LSECs, indicating distinct mechanisms of cross-presentation. In contrast to mannose-receptor–mediated antigen uptake and routing into stable endosomes dedicated to cross-presentation in DCs, we observed distinct antigen-uptake and endosomal routing with high antigen turnover in LSECs that resulted in short-lived cross-presentation. Receptor-mediated endocytosis did not always lead to cross-presentation, because immune-complexed antigen taken up by the Fc-receptor was not cross-presented by LSECs, indicating that induction of CD8 T cell tolerance by LSECs is impaired in the presence of preexisting immunity. Conclusion: These results provide a mechanistic explanation how organ-resident LSECs accommodate continuous scavenger function with the capacity to cross-present circulating antigens using distinct kinetics and dynamics of antigen-uptake, routing and cross-presentation compared to DCs. (Hepatology 2009.)
Visualization and quantification of T cell–mediated cytotoxicity using cell-permeable fluorogenic caspase substrates
Authors: Luzheng Liu, Ann Chahroudi, Guido Silvestri, Mary E. Wernett, William J. Kaiser, Jeffrey T. Safrit, Akira Komoriya, John D. Altman, Beverly Z. Packard, Mark B. Feinberg
Journal: Nature Medicine (2002)
The components of consultation
Authors: D. C Taylor, K. W Moses
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

A lack of clarity about the real nature of any given medical consultation could be one factor in the decline of public confidence in medicine. It affects the trust implicit in such engagements and diminishes their therapeutic worth. When patients meet their doctors, will they see a shaman; an insurance agent; a welfare worker; a government official; or the police?
Interference with Feedback Control of Glomerular Filtration Rate by Furosemide, Triflocin, and Cyanide
Authors: Fred S. Wright, Jürgen Schnermann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Microperfusion experiments have shown that increases in flow rate of tubule fluid through the loop of Henle are followed by reductions in single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) and stop-flow pressure (SFP) measured in the proximal tubule of the same nephron. Because changes in luminal sodium concentration are not consistently related to changes in SNGFR and SFP, we explored the possibility that a transport step at a flow-dependent distal-sensing site might be involved in feedback control of SNGFR. Because the macula densa cells of the distal tubule are adjacent to the glomerular vessels of the same nephrons, they could be the distal-sensing mechanism. We perfused superficial loops of Henle from late proximal to early distal segments in three groups of rats while measuring SFP in the proximal tubule of the same nephron, SNGFR in the proximal tubule of the same nephron, or flow rates of fluid, Na, K, and Cl emerging from the perfused loops. Perfusion solutions used were 0.15 NaCl, Ringer or Ringer with one of several inhibitors of electrolyte transport. Perfusion rates were 10 or 40 nl/min (also, zero during measurements of SFP and SNGFR). With Ringer alone the loop-flow rate increased from 10 to 40 nl/min, caused a decrease in SFP from 37.6 to 32.1 mm Hg, and a decrease in SNGFR from 29.9 to 18.7 nl/min. Concentrations of Na, K, and Cl in early distal fluid and absorption of Na and Cl along the loop segment were also increased when loop perfusion rate was increased. Decreasing the perfusion rate to zero had little effect on SFP or SNGFR. The SFP response to increased flow rate did not occur when the perfusion solution contained furosemide (10-4 M). No reduction of the SFP response was seen with other diuretics tested (amiloride, acetazolamide, ethacrynic acid, mercaptomerin) or with 0.15 M NaCl alone. The SNGFR response to increased perfusion rate was reduced by furosemide, triflocin, and cyanide but not by amiloride. Na and Cl absorption by the perfused segment were inhibited by furosemide, triflocin, cyanide, and amiloride. Amiloride and acetazolamide, probably do not act in the ascending limb. Ethacrynic acid and mercaptomerin are known to be ineffective in rat nephrons. Thus, agents that could have inhibited NaCl absorption by macula densa cells interfered with the feedback mechanism.
Amikacin therapy. Use against infections caused by gentamicin- and tobramycin-resistant organisms
Authors: Victor L. Yu, Frank S. Rhame, Edward L. Pesanti, Stanton G. Axline
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Amikacin sulfate was used in 24 treatment courses for 25 serious infections caused by aerobic or facultative anaerobic Gram-negative organisms resistant to numerous drugs. Sites of infection included urinary tract (11 cases), pleuropulmonary (6 cases), primary bacteremia (5 cases), and miscellaneous (3 cases).<i>Serratia marcescens</i>and<i>Pseudomonas</i>sp accounted for 73% of the isolates. The mean minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of these organisms to amikacin was 3.6 μg/ml; to gentamicin, 39 μg/ml; and to tobramycin, 32 μg/ml. The mean peak serum concentration of the drug was 20.8 μg/ml. Eleven patients were critically ill at the onset of therapy, and seven patients were bacteremic. The overall favorable response rate was 80%. The most serious side effect was ototoxicity, which occurred in three of 15 patients examined by serial audiometry. (<i>JAMA</i>238:943-947, 1977)
Number of African children dying from malaria approaches a million a year
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The number of deaths from malaria each year among African children aged under 5 years has risen to 900 000, a new report estimates.

Furthermore, mortality from the disease could be much higher, because of poor or non-existent data from vast areas of the continent, says the report, published online ahead of print publication on 28 February in the International Journal of Epidemiology (http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/, doi:10.1093/ije/dyl027).

Between 700 000 and 900 000 children in sub-Saharan Africa aged under 5 years died of the disease in 2000, accounting for …
&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;Le Père Jacques (The Wood Gatherer)&lt;/emph&gt;
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal