tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Limited efficacy of conventional DMARDs after initial methotrexate failure in patients with recent onset rheumatoid arthritis treated according to the disease activity score
Authors: S. M van der Kooij, J. K de Vries-Bouwstra, Y. P M Goekoop-Ruiterman, D. van Zeben, P. J S M Kerstens, A. H Gerards, J. H L M van Groenendael, J. M W Hazes, F. C Breedveld, C. F Allaart, B. A C Dijkmans
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

<h3>Objectives:</h3> To determine the efficacy of subsequent disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapies after initial methotrexate (MTX) failure in patients with recent onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA), treated according to the DAS for 2 years. <h3>Methods:</h3> In groups 1 and 2 of the BeSt study, 244 RA patients were initially treated with MTX 15–25 mg/week. Patients who discontinued MTX because of insufficient clinical response (disease activity score, DAS &gt;2.4) or toxicity were classified as "MTX failures." In group 1, these patients switched to sulfasalazine (SSA), then leflunomide and finally to MTX + infliximab (IFX). In group 2, "MTX failures" added SSA to MTX, then hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), then prednisone, and eventually switched to MTX + IFX. "MTX successes" were patients who achieved a DAS ⩽2.4 after 2 years while still on MTX monotherapy. Total Sharp/van der Heijde score (TSS) progression from 0–2 years was assessed in "MTX failures" versus "MTX successes." <h3>Results:</h3> After 2 years, 162/244 patients (66%) had discontinued MTX because of insufficient response or toxicity. Of these, 78% also failed on SSA (adding or switching), 87% subsequently failed on leflunomide (in group 1), and 64% on MTX + SSA + HCQ (in group 2). 34 of 48 patients (71%) in groups 1 and 2 were successfully treated with MTX + IFX. After 2 years, regardless of the "success" on subsequent DMARDs, " MTX failures" had a median TSS progression of 3 units (mean 9) versus 1 unit (mean 3) in "MTX successes" (p = 0.007). <h3>Conclusion:</h3> After failure on initial MTX, treatment with subsequent conventional DMARDs is unlikely to result in a DAS ⩽2.4 and allows progression of joint damage.
Peace Through Mind/Brain Science
Authors: Henry N. Wagner
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Conventional wisdom is that international conflict is due to the existence of individual nations, resulting in pervasive international insecurity, anxiety, and fear, often progressing to aggressive behavior and war. Socioeconomic inequality is often cited as another cause of human conflicts. A third but less conventional cause—abnormal brain function—was emphasized at recent scientific meetings in Japan, where it was proposed that a key to world peace may lie in a greater understanding of how brain chemistry affects human emotions. "Peace Through Mind/Brain Science" was the theme of two conferences held in Hamamatsu City, Japan—the first in May 1988, and the second in February 1989.<sup>1-3</sup>Discussion at these conferences emphasized new imaging technologies, including positron emission tomography (PET), that make it possible for the first time to relate human thought, emotions, and behavior to measurable chemical reactions within the living human brain.<sup>4,5</sup> The second conference was sponsored by a newly
Expression of plasma soluble fas, an apoptosis inhibitor, and plasma soluble fas ligand, an inducer of apoptosis, in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: K. Nishigaki, S. Minatoguchi, T. Noda, K. Asano, H. Takatsu, H. Sano, N. Yasuda, S. Watanabe, H. Fujiwara
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
The Gulf war syndrome
Authors: T. Revell
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—Since my predecessor last wrote to the BMJ1 the number of patients concerned about their health in relation to service during the Gulf war in 1990-1 who have undergone systematic assessment by the defence medical services has risen to 200. Our assessment programme is being subjected to clinical audit by the Royal College of Physicians. When the programme is complete a detailed report will be published; meanwhile, I offer this summary of our findings.

Some 45000 British personnel were involved …
Solid wastes from nuclear power production.
Authors: H F Soule
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

Radioactivity in nuclear power effluents is negligible compared to that in retained wastes to be disposed of as solids. Two basic waste categories are those for which shallow disposal is accepted and those for which more extreme isolation is desired. The latter includes "high level" wastes and others contaminated with radionuclides with the unusual combined properties of long radioactive half-life and high specific radiotoxicity. The favored method for extreme isolation is emplacement in a deep stable geologic formation. Necessary technologies for waste treatment and disposal are considered available. The present program to implement these technologies is discussed, including the waste management significance of current policy on spent nuclear fuel reprocessing. Recent difficulties with shallow disposal of waste are summarized.
??Bull??s Eye?? Appearance of Hyperostosis Frontalls Interna
Authors: GERALDINE McGINTY, MARTIN CHARRON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

A 40-year-old man had hyperostosis frontalis interna that showed a "bull's eye" appearance on bone imaging. He was evaluated for low back pain; CT scans were not obtained. The authors believe that the pattern of uptake noted on this bone imaging was suggestive of the disease extending centripetally. No previous bone scans were available to correlate this.
Mandatory HPV Vaccination
Authors: Lucija Tomljenovic, Christopher A. Shaw
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE FUNCTIONS OF THE FULL TIME PATHOLOGIST IN HOSPITALS
Authors: NICHOLAS M. ALTER
Journal: JAMA (1934)

The functions of the pathologist are but vaguely defined and understood. Since Virchow's first pathologic publications, about seventy-five years ago, the progress of medicine in general has been rapid. With this the functions of the pathologist have increased in scope and importance. After the fundamental work of the great German pathologists Virchow and Cohnheim, pathologic anatomy was separated as a distinct branch of medical science. At first the pathologist, as "prosector," had a narrower field, confined mainly to the study of autopsy material. The rapidly progressing surgery, however, opened a new field of surgical pathology, thereby aiding the study of disease in vivo. The general advances of medicine at the same time made the pathologist an important adjunct in all lines of diagnostic work. This practical standpoint of diagnosis is responsible for increasing the importance of the laboratories beyond the scope of morphology. All branches of so-called clinical pathology (biochemistry,
Endothelial Vasomotor Dysfunction in the Brachial Artery Is Associated With Late In-Stent Coronary Restenosis
Authors: Yoshinobu Kitta, Takamitsu Nakamura, Yasushi Kodama, Hajime Takano, Ken Umetani, Daisuke Fujioka, Yukio Saito, Ken-ichi Kawabata, Jyun-ei Obata, Yoshihide Ichigi, Akira Mende, Kiyotaka Kugiyama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Detecting fabricated or induced illness in children
Authors: Prathap Chandra, Anandagiri M Shankar
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Improving surveillance of MRSA bacteraemiaData from north west England support Oxfordshire findings Editor-Wyllie et al conclude that admission cultures accounted for 24% of total hospital methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia episodes over seven years to March 2004. 1 Data collected from five district general hospitals and one university hospital in Cheshire and Merseyside and one district general hospital in greater Manchester support this view.This group of hospitals has collected enhanced MRSA bacteraemia surveillance data using published case definitions from the Department of Health since April 2004.Anonymised data are collected on paper forms and analysed using the FORMIC data capture system.In all, 534 cases of S aureus bacteraemia were identified between April 2004 and March 2005, 334 being methicillin sensitive S aureus bacteraemia and 200 MRSA bacteraemia.Sixty six of the MRSA bacteraemia cases occurred within 48 hours of arrival in hospital, 16 being related to a previous hospital admission, 25 in patients known to have been colonised with MRSA, and 13 in patients admitted from nursing or residential homes.Thirty five cases were admitted as medical specialties, 25 of them in patients over 65.Our results support the suggestion by Wyllie et al that anti-MRSA treatment should be considered for patients with possible staphylococcal sepsis who have previously been admitted or known to be colonised with MRSA.In a predominantly district general hospital setting, anti-MRSA treatment should also be considered for possible staphylococcal sepsis in elderly medical admissions and admissions from nursing homes.
CD34+CD38+CD19+ as well as CD34+CD38−CD19+ cells are leukemia-initiating cells with self-renewal capacity in human B-precursor ALL
Authors: Y Kong, S Yoshida, Y Saito, T Doi, Y Nagatoshi, M Fukata, N Saito, S M Yang, C Iwamoto, J Okamura, K Y Liu, X J Huang, D P Lu, L D Shultz, M Harada, F Ishikawa
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
Nitric Oxide during Altitude Acclimatization
Authors: Allison J. Janocha, Carl D. Koch, Mauro Tiso, Andrea Ponchia, Allan Doctor, Lindsey Gibbons, Benjamin Gaston, Cynthia M. Beall, Serpil C. Erzurum
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Hypobaric hypoxia occurs during ascent to higher altitude. In this observational study of healthy lowland dwellers, intracellular red-cell forms of nitric oxide, S-nitrosohemoglobin, and iron nitro...
Minimizing the Three Stages of Publication Bias
Authors: Thomas C. Chalmers
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Publication bias can be considered to have three stages: (1) Prepublication bias occurs in the performance of research, caused by ignorance, sloth, greed, or the double standard applied to clinical trials but not to clinical practice. (2) Publication bias refers to basing acceptance or rejection of a manuscript on whether it supports the treatment tested. Potentially biased reviewers are of equal concern. (3) Postpublication bias occurs in publishing interpretations, reviews, and meta-analyses of published clinical trials. Bias can be minimized by (1) insisting on high-quality research and thorough literature reviews, (2) eliminating the double standard concerning peer review and informed consent applied to clinical research and practice, (3) publishing legitimate trials regardless of their results, (4) requiring peer reviewers to acknowledge conflicts of interest, (5) replacing ordinary review articles with meta-analyses, and (6) requiring the authors of reviews to acknowledge possible conflicts of interest.
Transnational Gestational Surrogacy: Exploitative or Empowering?
Authors: K. Orfali, P. A. Chiappori
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

In the target article, Kirby (2014) explores conditions under which gestational surrogacy in developing countries (in this case India) may (or may not) be considered as exploitative. The author pro...
Aortic Arch Syndrome and Polymyositis with L.E. Cells in Peripheral Blood
Authors: G. A. H. Miller, M. L. Thomas, W. E. Medd
Journal: BMJ (1962)

MEDICAL MEMORANDA 71 *~~~~~~~~~~~~M and no mural thrombus was present.Both inkternal carotid and vertebral arteries were removed in their entirety.A saccular aneurysm of the right internal carotid sinus 2.5 by 1.5 cm. was found (see Fig.).Sections through the aneurysm showed that the lumen was completely obliterated by laminated thrombus; microscopic examination of the wall of the aneurysm revealed atheromatous thickening and Close-up of right carotid bifurcation, showing saccular aneurysm of right carotid sinus.areas of thinning.The thrombus varied considerably in structure, some areas being organized while others appeared to be recently laid down.The innominate artery and right carotid artery proximal and distal to the aneurysm showed no luminal narrowing, and no stenosis was found at any poin.t in the left carotid system.Neither subclavian artery showed narrowing, but both vertebral arteries were severely stenosed at their origins, less than half the diameter of the original lumen being preserved.No other sites of thrombosis and no ulcerating atheromatous lesions were seen at any point in the carotid and vertebral systems.Brain.The right cerebral hemisphere was softened and
Temporal Relationship Between Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation and Embolic Events
Authors: Michela Brambatti, Stuart J. Connolly, Michael R. Gold, Carlos A. Morillo, Alessandro Capucci, Carmine Muto, Chu P. Lau, Isabelle C. Van Gelder, Stefan H. Hohnloser, Mark Carlson, Eric Fain, Juliet Nakamya, Georges H. Mairesse, Marta Halytska, Wei Q. Deng, Carsten W Israel, Jeff S. Healey
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background— Among patients with implantable pacemakers and defibrillators, subclinical atrial fibrillation (SCAF) is associated with an increased risk of stroke; however, there is limited understanding of their temporal relationship. Methods and Results— The Asymptomatic Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke Evaluation in Pacemaker Patients and the Atrial Fibrillation Reduction Atrial Pacing Trial (ASSERT) enrolled 2580 pacemaker and defibrillator patients aged ≥65 years with a history of hypertension but without a history of atrial fibrillation. Pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators precisely logged the time and duration of all episodes of SCAF and recorded electrograms that were adjudicated by experts. We examined the temporal relationship between SCAF &gt;6 minutes in duration and stroke or systemic embolism. Of 51 patients who experienced stroke or systemic embolism during follow-up, 26 (51%) had SCAF. In 18 patients (35%), SCAF was detected before stroke or systemic embolism. However, only 4 patients (8%) had SCAF detected within 30 days before stroke or systemic embolism, and only 1 of these 4 patients was experiencing SCAF at the time of the stroke. In the 14 patients with SCAF detected &gt;30 days before stroke or systemic embolism, the most recent episode occurred at a median interval of 339 days (25th to 75th percentile, 211–619) earlier. Eight patients (16%) had SCAF detected only after their stroke, despite continuous monitoring for a median duration of 228 days (25th to 75th percentile, 202–719) before their event. Conclusions— Although SCAF is associated with an increased risk of stroke and embolism, very few patients had SCAF in the month before their event. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00256152.
Efficacy of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate at 240 weeks in patients with chronic hepatitis B with high baseline viral load
Authors: Stuart C. Gordon, Zahary Krastev, Andrzej Horban, Jörg Petersen, Jan Sperl, Phillip Dinh, Eduardo B. Martins, Leland J. Yee, John F. Flaherty, Kathryn M. Kitrinos, Vinod K. Rustgi, Patrick Marcellin
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

We evaluated the antiviral response of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who had baseline high viral load (HVL), defined as having hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA ≥ 9 log10 copies/mL, after 240 weeks of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) treatment. A total of 641 hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative and HBeAg-positive patients (129 with HVL) received 48 weeks of TDF 300 mg (HVL n = 82) or adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) 10 mg (HVL n = 47), followed by open-label TDF for an additional 192 weeks. Patients with confirmed HBV DNA ≥ 400 copies/mL on or after week 72 had the option of adding emtricitabine (FTC). By week 240, 98.3% of HVL and 99.2% of non-HVL patients on treatment achieved HBV DNA <400 copies/mL. Both groups had similar rates of histologic regression between baseline and week 240. Patients with HVL generally took longer to achieve HBV DNA <400 copies/mL than non-HVL patients, but by week 96, the percentages of patients with HBV DNA <400 copies/mL were similar in both groups. Among HVL patients, time to achieving HBV DNA <400 copies/mL was shorter among those initially receiving TDF, compared to ADV. No patient with baseline HVL had persistent viremia at week 240 or amino acid substitutions associated with TDF resistance.CHB patients with HVL can achieve HBV DNA negativity with long-term TDF treatment, although time to HBV DNA <400 copies/mL may be longer, relative to patients with non-HVL.
Wnt5a-Ror2 signaling between osteoblast-lineage cells and osteoclast precursors enhances osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Kazuhiro Maeda, Yasuhiro Kobayashi, Nobuyuki Udagawa, Shunsuke Uehara, Akihiro Ishihara, Toshihide Mizoguchi, Yuichiro Kikuchi, Ichiro Takada, Shigeaki Kato, Shuichi Kani, Michiru Nishita, Keishi Marumo, T John Martin, Yasuhiro Minami, Naoyuki Takahashi
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
IMMUNOREACTIONS INVOLVING PLATELETS. VI. REACTIONS OF MATERNAL ISOANTIBODIES RESPONSIBLE FOR NEONATAL PURPURA. DIFFERENTIATION OF A SECOND PLATELET ANTIGEN SYSTEM*
Authors: N. Raphael Shulman, Richard H. Aster, Howard A. Pearson, Merilyn C. Hiller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1962)

Although there is some evidence that neonatal thrombocytopenic purpura, which occurs in otherwise normal children born of healthy mothers, is caused by maternal antibodies formed against fetal platelets (1-3), lack of reliable serologic techniques generally has prevented convincing demonstration of the responsible antibodies and has precluded thorough investigation of the properties and inheritance of specific platelet antigens presumed to be involved. Because experience in this laboratory has shown that complement fixation is the most sensitive technique for detecting several different types of antiplatelet antibodies (4-6), this technique was applied in a search for antibodies in the sera of normal mothers who had given birth to thrombocytopenic infants. In the present report the isoantibodies which were found are characterized, and the sensitivity of the complement fixation technique is compared with that of other techniques employed in attempts to detect antiplatelet antibodies.
1059-31 Stenting of the arterial duct and banding of the pulmonary arteries: Basis for univentricular or biventricular repair
Authors: Dietmar Schranz, Ina Michel-Behnke, Klaus Valeske, Juergen Bauer, Karl-Juergen Hagel, Hakan Akintuerk
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
INHIBITION OF TUBERCULIN REACTION BY LOCAL INJECTION OF COMPOUND F
Authors: Leon Goldman
Journal: JAMA (1952)

In previous experiments it was shown that local injection of a suspension of compound F acetate in the skin inhibited the reaction of that area of skin to chemical compounds to which the skin was sensitive. These compounds were applied directly over the injection site.<sup>1</sup>It has been found also that compound F is capable of inhibiting the reaction to insect bites over the injected area, even after four months.<sup>2</sup>In many of these experiments,controls were done with cortisone and cholesterol suspended in the same type of vehicle. Our previous experiments with cortisone had not revealed any such local inhibition of skin reactions.<sup>3</sup>Compound F has also been found to have a local effect when injected directly into a joint.<sup>4</sup> In this series of experiments, studies were made of the local inhibition of tuberculin and tuberculin-like reactions by compound F acetate. Corticotropin (ACTH) or cortisone
P107 HUMAN BILIARY TREE STEM/PROGENITOR CELLS (hbTSCS) FROM PERIBILIARY GLANDS (PBGS) OF ADULT LIVER DISPLAY IMMUNOMODULATORY PROPERTIES THROUGH Fas/Fas LIGAND INDUCED T-CELL LYMPHOCYTE APOPTOSIS
Authors: G. Carnevale, M. Riccio, V. Cardinale, L. Gibelini, S. De Biasi, A. Pisciotta, G. Carpino, R. Gentile, P.B. Berloco, R. Brunelli, C. Bastianelli, A. Cossarizza, E. Gaudio, D. Alvaro, A. De Pol
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
The Responses of Children to Combined Measles-Poliomyelitis Vaccine
Authors: Joel Warren
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Vaccine combining inactivated, concentrated measles and poliovirus antigens was prepared and administered to children in 3 doses of 0.5 ml each, 1 month apart. The neutralizing antibody responses to both antigens were determined in a group of 133 persons. The combination vaccine produced as high a percentage and titer of seroconversions as did the individual antigens alone, appeared to be stable for prolonged periods, and caused only minimal reactions upon injection. Although positive seroconversions were less in infants under 4 months of age, combined measles and polio vaccines should be considered for augmenting diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine to confer basic primary sensitization in young children.
A man with congenital abnormalities and psychotic symptoms
Authors: T. Thomas, B. Saravanan, F. Blake
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A white man in his 20s came to the attention of psychiatric services because of repeated acts of genital mutilation, often in the context of alcohol and opiate abuse. He first presented in his late teens with psychotic symptoms, which included persecutory, somatic, and bizarre delusions, and he had attracted a variety of diagnoses. However, these assessments seem to have been clouded by his longstanding use of illicit substances. He had been born with a cleft palate and showed developmental delay, particularly of speech. His family struggled with his behaviour. He could not cope with mainstream schooling, and early records noted an IQ of 68, indicating a mild learning disability. ### Short answers