tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Unrecognized Myocardial Infarction Detected With Magnetic Resonance Imaging and its Relationship to Cerebral Ischemic Lesions in Both Sexes
Authors: Charlotte Ebeling Barbier, Ruta Nylander, Raquel Themudo, Håkan Ahlström, Lars Lind, Elna-Marie Larsson, Tomas Bjerner, Lars Johansson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Impaired FANCD2 monoubiquitination and hypersensitivity to camptothecin uniquely characterize Fanconi anemia complementation group M
Authors: Thiyam Ramsing Singh, Sietske T. Bakker, Sheba Agarwal, Michael Jansen, Elke Grassman, Barbara C. Godthelp, Abdullah Mahmood Ali, Chang-hu Du, Martin A. Rooimans, Qiang Fan, Kebola Wahengbam, Jurgen Steltenpool, Paul R. Andreassen, David A. Williams, Hans Joenje, Johan P. de Winter, Amom Ruhikanta Meetei
Journal: Blood (2009)
India's poor sanitation and hygiene practices are linked to stunting in children, study finds
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Improving sanitation and hygiene practices in rural areas of India can substantially reduce the prevalence of stunting in children, research published in BMJ Open has found.1

The study, which was led by Jee Hyun Rah, of Unicef in New Delhi, showed that India’s policies and programmes to tackle the issue of child stunting should include “WASH” (water, sanitation, and hygiene) interventions and nutrition sensitive programmes.

The National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) in 2006 showed that 61 million Indian children aged under 5 had stunting caused by poor nutrition, which represents over a third of children with stunting …
551 DONOR-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS AS PREDICTORS OF SUSTAINED VIROLOGIC RESPONSE TO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY IN RECURRENT HEPATITIS C AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: R.M. Iemmolo, M. Marino, R. Montalti, F. Ponziani, R. Viganò, E. De Martin, M.F. Donato, M. Rendina, M.C. Morelli, D. Di Paolo, E. Fornasiere, L. Migliorasi, V. Giannelli, S. Fagiuoli, G.E. Gerunda
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Relations among autonomic nerve dysfunction, oesophageal motility, and gastric emptying in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
Authors: K M Cunningham, M Horowitz, P S Riddell, G J Maddern, J C Myers, R H Holloway, J M Wishart, G G Jamieson
Journal: Gut (1991)

Recent studies suggest that vagal nerve dysfunction may be important in the aetiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Delayed oesophageal transit and slowed gastric emptying occur frequently and may also be of pathogenic importance. In 48 patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease we studied the prevalence of and relations between autonomic nerve dysfunction (as assessed by cardiovascular reflex tests) and oesophageal transit, oesophageal motility, gastric emptying, and endoscopic grade of oesophagitis. Of the 48 patients, 21 (44%) had abnormal autonomic nerve function, which was predominantly parasympathetic. Oesophageal transit was delayed in 28% of the patients and gastric emptying of the solid component of the meal was delayed in 46%. Oesophageal transit was significantly (p less than 0.007) slower in patients with abnormal autonomic nerve function. The percentage of synchronous oesophageal contractions was related to the score for autonomic nerve dysfunction (r = 0.40, p less than 0.05). There was no significant relation of autonomic nerve dysfunction to either delayed gastric emptying or endoscopic grade of oesophagitis. We conclude that in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease there is a high prevalence of parasympathetic nerve dysfunction which relates to delayed oesophageal transit and abnormal peristalsis and may therefore be of pathogenic importance.
The Metabolomic Signature of Malignant Glioma Reflects Accelerated Anabolic Metabolism
Authors: Prakash Chinnaiyan, Elizabeth Kensicki, Gregory Bloom, Antony Prabhu, Bhaswati Sarcar, Soumen Kahali, Steven Eschrich, Xiaotao Qu, Peter Forsyth, Robert Gillies
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Although considerable progress has been made toward understanding glioblastoma biology through large-scale genetic and protein expression analyses, little is known about the underlying metabolic alterations promoting their aggressive phenotype. We conducted global metabolomic profiling on patient-derived glioma specimens and identified specific metabolic programs differentiating low- and high-grade tumors, with the metabolic signature of glioblastoma reflecting accelerated anabolic metabolism. When coupled with transcriptional profiles, we identified the metabolic phenotype of the mesenchymal subtype to consist of accumulation of the glycolytic intermediate phosphoenolpyruvate and decreased pyruvate kinase activity. Unbiased hierarchical clustering of metabolomic profiles identified three subclasses, which we term energetic, anabolic, and phospholipid catabolism with prognostic relevance. These studies represent the first global metabolomic profiling of glioma, offering a previously undescribed window into their metabolic heterogeneity, and provide the requisite framework for strategies designed to target metabolism in this rapidly fatal malignancy. Cancer Res; 72(22); 5878–88. ©2012 AACR.
Mechanism of adrenal angiotensin II receptor changes after nephrectomy in rats.
Authors: J G Douglas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

At 48 h after bilateral nephrectomy in rats there is a two- to threefold increase in the number of adrenal angiotensin II receptors and a decrease in Kd of smooth muscle angiotensin II receptors. These changes have been attributed to the absence of circulating angiotensin II. Serum K+, which increases after nephrectomy may be an important and overlooked modulator. Therefore, the present experiments were designed to assess the role of K+ as a regulator of angiotensin II receptors after nephrectomy. Serum K+ was controlled with Na polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate), a resin designed to exchange Na+ for K+ in the gastrointestinal tract. Acutely nephrectomized rats were divided into two groups: experimental animals received Kayexalate resin every 12 h for four doses, and controls received Kayexalate exchanged with KCl in vitro before gavage. There was a significant positive correlation serum K+ and aldosterone (r = 0.78, P less than 0.001). Kayexalate maintained a normal serum K+ of 5.9 +/- 0.2 meq/liter (n = 27), aldosterone 25 +/- 3 ng/dl (n = 27) and adrenal receptor concentration of 934 +/- 156 fmol/mg protein (n = 4). Control animals had significantly higher serum K+ of 10.5 +/- 0.4 meq/liter (n = 23), aldosterone 435 +/- 32 (n = 23), and adrenal receptors of 2726 +/- 235 fmol/mg protein (n = 4). There was a linear relationship between serum K+ and number of adrenal receptors (r = 0.87). No such relationship was present in uterine smooth muscle. Therefore, these studies demonstrate that K+ modulates the number of adrenal but not smooth muscle angiotensin II receptors after nephrectomy. This is the first evidence that potassium modulates angiotensin II receptors independently of changes in angiotensin II blood levels.
Upregulation and Modulation of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Rat Cardiac Allografts With Chronic Rejection and Transplant Arteriosclerosis
Authors: Mary E. Russell, Africa F. Wallace, Lauri R. Wyner, John B. Newell, Morris J. Karnovsky
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background The Lewis-F344 rat cardiac transplantation model produces cardiac allografts with chronic rejection characterized by arteriosclerotic lesions composed of macrophages and smooth muscle cells. Modulation of the inflammatory response with a diet deficient in essential fatty acids protects against the development of intimal thickening. Little is known about the components of the inflammatory response mediating this process. The cytokine-inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) regulates the high-output nitric oxide pathway that confers activation properties to macrophages and regulates vasomotion, monocyte adherence, and smooth muscle cell proliferation in the vasculature. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the iNOS pathway was upregulated during the course of chronic cardiac rejection. Methods and Results We studied iNOS mRNA and protein expression patterns in a series of Lewis-F344 cardiac allografts with early and late chronic rejection and after modulation of the inflammatory response (in an effort to attenuate arteriosclerosis). Relative gene transcript levels were measured with a 32 P-dCTP reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay designed to amplify iNOS mRNA. The distribution of the iNOS gene product was examined by immunocytochemistry with a polyclonal antibody against iNOS. NOS transcript levels increased significantly in cardiac allografts (days 7, 14, 28, and 75) compared with paired host hearts (exposed to the same circulation) and syngrafts ( P &lt;.003). Immunostaining localized the iNOS antigen within subpopulations of mononuclear inflammatory cells in cardiac allografts—presumably, activated macrophages. The number of iNOS-positive mononuclear cells was 25-fold higher in cardiac allografts compared with paired host hearts and syngrafts ( P &lt;.009). In cardiac allografts of 75 days or older, there also was striking iNOS staining within some medial and intimal smooth muscle cells in various vessels. Modulation of the inflammatory response (with a diet deficient in essential fatty acids) produced significant decreases in the intimal thickening score and in the percentage of diseased vessels in 28-day cardiac allografts compared with allografts from rats fed a control diet. There was a correlate decrease in iNOS transcript levels and in the number of iNOS-positive mononuclear cells in the 28-day cardiac allografts from rats fed the essential fatty acid-deficient diet. Conclusions The early and persistent upregulation of iNOS in chronic cardiac rejection and the coincident reduction in arteriosclerosis and downregulation of iNOS suggest that this inducible regulator may contribute to the inflammatory response mediating transplant arteriosclerosis.
Aspirin and Recurrent Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Richard J. Jones
Journal: JAMA (1980)

WITH the recent acceptance by the Food and Drug Administration of controlled clinical trials that establish the safety and efficacy of aspirin for control of transient ischemic attacks in the cerebral circulation and reducing the risk of their progression to stroke,<sup>1,2</sup>one might expect similar protective effects on the coronary circulation. For several years it has been suggested that patients who habitually use aspirin are less liable to have development of myocardial infarction.<sup>3</sup>Three earlier randomized controlled trials<sup>4-6</sup>provided suggestive evidence in support of using aspirin as prophylaxis in coronary heart disease (CHD), but in none did the difference in mortality between the control and experimental groups achieve statistical significance (<i>P</i>&lt;.05). These led to three more trials that have recently seen publication: a trial sponsored by the Medical Research Council (MRC) Epidemiology Unit of South Wales,<sup>7</sup>the Aspirin Myocardial Infarction Study (AMIS) sponsored by the
Control of vitamin B12 release from poly(ethylene glycol)/poly(butylene terephthalate) multiblock copolymers
Authors: R. van Dijkhuizen-Radersma, F.L.A.M.A. Péters, N.A. Stienstra, D.W. Grijpma, J. Feijen, K. de Groot, J.M. Bezemer
Journal: Biomaterials (2002)
Severe Liver Dysfunction During Nicotinic Acid Therapy
Authors: William O. Pardue
Journal: JAMA (1961)

SINCE Altschul and associates<sup>1-5</sup>first reported reduction of serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic patients with large doses of nicotinic acid, there have been many reports of the effectiveness and apparent safety of this method of treatment. Flushing, pruritus, and nausea occur frequently but usually subside with continued therapy.<sup>6</sup>However, reactivation of peptic ulcer has occurred occasionally.<sup>7,8</sup>Decreased glucose tolerance and abnormal results of liver function tests have been reported in a few patients, with reversion to normal when nicotinic acid therapy was discontinued.<sup>9</sup>Needle biopsies of the liver have shown no abnormality. One patient with jaundice has been reported, and two additional patients with transient jaundice during treatment with nicotinic acid have been observed.<sup>10,11</sup> The purpose of this communication is to report the occurrence of hypoalbuminemia, edema, and abnormal results of liver function tests in a patient during the administration of large doses of
Echocardiography in Cardiovascular Drug Assessment
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Originally intended to be a modest ancillary tool in diagnosing structural abnormalities of the heart and the pericardium, the noninvasive technique of echocardiography has greatly expanded its diagnostic orbit. It now competes successfully with invasive angiographic techniques for diagnosing and evaluating valvular and myocardial disorders, as well as those of ventricular function—the latter reflected in the measurements of left ventricular diameters and derived hemodynamic indices. Currently, two-dimensional cross-sectional echocardiography is proving even more informative than M-mode techniques in estimating left ventricular ejection fraction—a reliable index of left ventricular performance.  Can measuring left ventricular diameters be similarly helpful in studying the action of cardiovascular drugs? Gibson 1 in 1973 and Burggraf and Parker 2 in 1974 suggested this possibility, which has since been explored by a number of investigators with results that varied from endorsement to rejection.  Clearly, no satisfactory answer could be given to the value of echocardiography in the
ETIOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF CHRONIC CYSTITIS.
Authors: A. C. STOKES
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Comparatively little work has been done in the last ten years on the scientific investigation of cystitis. Some, however, has been done which is very valuable, and from it I shall take the liberty of drawing very freely. <h3>ETIOLOGY.</h3> The etiology of cystitis is essentially a bacteriological problem. The germs most frequently found are, in order of frequency, colon bacillus, streptococcus, staphylococcus in several species, typhoid bacillus, gonococcus of Neisser, proteus vulgaris and the tubercle bacillus. The fermentation of the urine has been shown by Melchior and Muller to be rather a result of infection than a cause of cystitis, certain germs producing ammonium carbonate from urea, thus converting the urine into an ammoniacal substance, giving an alkaline reaction. The chief germs which do so are the micrococcus of urea, species of the pyogenic germs, and occasionally the colon bacillus and<i>Proteus vulgaris.</i>It will be found in a goodly
Low incidence of haematogenous seeding to total hip and knee prostheses in patients with remote infections
Authors: Ilker Uçkay, Anne Lübbeke, Stéphane Emonet, Luisa Tovmirzaeva, Richard Stern, Tristan Ferry, Mathieu Assal, Louis Bernard, Daniel Lew, Pierre Hoffmeyer
Journal: Journal of Infection (2009)
The Diagnosis of Testicular Torsion
Authors: Bruce E. Haynes
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Prompt diagnosis of testicular torsion remains difficult. Since warning symptoms occur in one third of patients and salvage rates correspond to the interval between symptom onset and operation, higher salvage rates should be achievable. Separating torsion from epididymitis is complicated by overlapping ages of peak incidence, shared symptoms, and the need for rapid distinction of the two. Doppler studies (88% accuracy) and nuclear scans (95% accuracy) help confirm the diagnosis, but correct technique is essential, and their use should not delay prompt operation. The diagnosis of epididymitis should be made cautiously in persons younger than the age of 35 years. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;249:2522-2527)
Dharmasena case: responsibility takes precedence over accountability
Authors: J. Malone-Lee
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Twelve months ago I welcomed Dhanuson Dharmasena into my research team having ascertained his innocence. A rigorous trial has exonerated this decent doctor.1

In 2012 Dr Dharmasena faced an emergency and acted with care. He discussed his worries with his consultant. A responsible, professional decision was made; it was not respected. Through unspecified trust procedures and people, Dr Dharmasena and a patient’s …
IgE‐receptor activation induces survival and Bfl‐1 expression in human mast cells but not basophils
Authors: Z. Xiang, C. Möller, G. Nilsson
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: The contribution of mast cells to the pathology of allergic diseases are facilitated by their long life span in tissue and ability to regranulate. Bcl‐2 genes are one of the main regulators of cell death and survival. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for mast cell survival in allergy. Methods: Bcl‐2 family gene expression in human mast cells and basophils was analyzed by ribonuclease protection assay and by reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Cell survival was measured by mixing cells with the vital dye, trypan blue, and the number of living cells was enumerated. Apoptotic cells were measured by a Cell Death Detection ELISA. Results: We found that cross‐linking of Fc ɛ RI on human cord blood cultured mast cells (CBCMCs) promoted cell survival and induced expression of the pro‐survival gene Bfl‐1. CBCMCs were found to express both Bfl‐1 and Bfl‐1S, two splicing variants of Bfl‐1. Bfl‐1 induction was mediated through Syk, PI3‐kinase and intracellular calcium mobilization, since piceatannol, wortmannin and EDTA, respectively, significantly reduced Bfl‐1 expression levels. In contrast to CBCMCs, no evidence was found for Bfl‐1 expression and survival promotion in human basophils. Conclusions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE)‐dependent activation‐induced mast cell survival was correlated with Bfl‐1 gene upregulation, providing a possible explanation for mast cell longevity in allergic reactions.
Bisphenol A Update
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2010)

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INJECTION TREATMENT OF VARICOSE VEINS
Authors: Hermann Schussler
Journal: JAMA (1927)

To the Editor:  —I was much interested in the editorial (The Journal, May 14, p. 1571), on  Injection Treatment of Varicose Veins, which reported Lomholt's fatal case of pulmonary embolism. I have successfully treated more than a hundred patients by the injection method in the last five years, and have always assumed that embolism was a mechanical impossibility in these cases on account of the extreme toughness and firm adherence of the chemically induced thrombi.  The extreme degree and persistence of the acute inflammatory reaction in the injected veins in Lomholt's case suggests that the thrombi had become infected by pyogenic bacteria in the blood stream, perhaps from abscessed teeth or other foci. I have always insisted on the eradication of all foci of infection before injecting any varicose veins, and my occasional neglect of this precaution has usually been followed by a severe inflammatory reaction. Possibly, Lomholt followed
Surveillance and medical devices
Authors: A. Tomkinson, W. Harrison, M. Temple, P. Phillips
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Lenzer and Brownlee highlight the potential value for postmarketing surveillance,1 but this is true not only for “complex” or new devices.

The UK government’s decision in 2001 to replace reusable tonsillectomy instruments with single use devices, because of the risk from variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, is a lesson in point. These were not …
Seriously ill patients in UK will have access to unlicensed drugs
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Patients in the United Kingdom are to be given access to some drugs before they have been formally licensed, in an effort to speed up access.

The early access scheme, which was first proposed in 2006 and has been under active discussion for the past two years,1 will apply to life threatening and seriously debilitating conditions. 

The first step is for the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency to designate a new drug as a “promising innovative medicine” (PIM) on the basis of early trial data and as long as the agency is satisfied the drug meets an unmet …
Water Pollution a la Mode
Authors: G. G. Liddle
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Newspapers have reported thousands of dollars in $20, $50, and $100 bills in the Washington, DC, sewer system. The Treasury's Secret Service said the money did not come from a bank robbery, and appeared uncertain of how it reached the sewers. Apparently it just flowed in with the sewage. This interesting type of water pollution brought immediate whirlwind attack from federal forces. Would similar types of water or air pollution bring equally vigorous response? Within current campaigns to make the air of our cities pure, peppermint-flavored exhausts for passenger cars and wintergreen for diesels would alert people to the dangers more effectively than chemical analysis of the noxious fumes. Color-coded smokestacks would announce their dangers, and all manner of rainbow colors in polluted waters would warn the unwary. A lesson may have been intended by those fellows who cut up the money and tossed it into the
Ethchlorvynol (Placidyl⌖)-Induced Pulmonary Edema
Authors: FREDERICK L. GLAUSER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Two patients experienced severe nonhemodynamic pulmonary edema following the intravenous injection of 25 and 40 mg/kg of body weight of ethchlorvynol (Placidyl⌖). The pulmonary edema cleared rapidly. Injection of Placidyl (12 to 80 mg/kg of body weight) intravenously into dogs caused acute, severe, nonhemodynamic pulmonary edema (as evidenced by markedly elevated lung weights and microscopic evidence of intra-alveolar edema), hypotension with a relative bradycardia, and a decreased cardiac output. Injection of polyethylene glycol, the vehicle in which ethchlorvynol is diluted, did not reproduce the syndrome.