tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EXFOLIATIVE DERMATITIS FOLLOWING SILVER ARSPHENAMIN
Authors: Loyd Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1922)

F. H. V., a man, aged 44, consulted me, Feb. 25, 1922, complaining of "rheumatism." He admitted having had gonorrhea at 15 years of age, and a sore on the penis at 19. At the latter age, he was given mercurial inunctions and potassium iodid for five weeks, and he had no further symptoms of syphilis until two years ago. At that time, he consulted a physician in his home town for rheumatism, and in the course of a routine examination a Wassermann test was strongly positive. He received four intravenous injections of arsphenamin at weekly intervals, and following the last one developed a marked exfoliating dermatitis. He stated that the skin of the entire body "peeled off." There was also a great deal of edema of the face, hands, legs and scrotum. He was confined to bed nine weeks. He had received no antisyphilitic treatment since that time, and
HABITUAL HYPERTHERMIA DURING RECOVERY FROM SCARLET FEVER
Authors: HEINRICH FINKELSTEIN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

By habitual hyperthermia we understand a chronic, moderate elevation of the body temperature for which no external cause, such as an infectious focus, can be found. The mean temperature lies above 37.5 C. (99.5 F.), and the peaks range between 37.8 C. (100 F.) and 38.2 C. (100.7 F.). Such cases are quite frequent in childhood.  The individuals affected are apparently of a sensitive type with vasomotor irritability, in whom careful examination reveals no findings to explain this condition. All organs, including especially the nasopharyngeal tract and cervical glands, are normal; and there is no latent tuberculosis. The elevated temperature persists for weeks and months without causing an appreciable disturbance of the general condition. The usual antipyretics have no influence on the hyperthermia. But, in many cases, by a sojourn in a favorable climate—in the mountains or at the seashore—the body temperature becomes normal in a short time and remains
Ga-67 Uptake in a Perisplenic Fluid Collection: Planar and SPECT Images
Authors: SUDHA CHALLA, NORAH MILNE, THERON W. BROWN, KENNETH P. LYONS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

A 49-year-old man with alcoholic liver disease and insulin dependent diabetes was admitted for left-sided abdominal pain, fever, chills, and leukocytosis. An ultrasound showed hepatosplenomegaly and bilateral pleural effusions. A Tc-99m sulfur colloid scan revealed marked reticulo-endothelial shift to the spleen with multiple wedge shaped photopenic areas representing either infarcts, abscesses, lymphoma, or metastatic cancer. Four days later, a whole-body Ga-67 scan with SPECT showed a perisplenic collection of tracer. A diagnosis of probable perisplenic infection was made. A CT of the abdomen showed a perisplenic fluid collection. The working diagnosis was splenic rupture from splenic infarcts complicated by infection of the perisplenic fluid or hematoma. A second CT scan of the abdomen after a week of antibiotics showed a decrease in the perisplenic fluid collection. The patient was asymptomatic and afebrile at the time of discharge.
Does Eradicating Bacteriuria Affect the Severity of Chronic Urinary Incontinence in Nursing Home Residents?
Authors: Joseph G. Ouslander
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To determine the effects of eradicating otherwise asymptomatic bacteriuria on the severity of chronic urinary incontinence among nursing home residents. Design: Residents were categorized as nonbacteriuric or bacteriuric on the basis of urine cultures. Bacteriuric residents were then randomly assigned to immediate and delayed treatment groups. The delayed treatment group was included to control for spontaneous changes in the severity of incontinence. The immediate treatment group received antimicrobial therapy for 7 days; after outcome measures had been repeated, the delayed treatment group was treated. Setting: 6 community-based nursing homes. Patients: Nursing home residents with chronic urinary incontinence. Measurements: The frequency and volume of urinary incontinence were determined by physical checks for wetness by trained research aides hourly between 7 a.m. and 7 p.m. for 3 days in all patient groups (nonbacteriuric, bacteriuric with immediate treatment, and bacteriuric with delayed treatment) at baseline, after the immediate treatment group was treated, and again after the delayed treatment group was treated. Results: 191 residents were enrolled, and 176 completed the study. Bacteriuria was eradicated by antimicrobial therapy in 71 residents (40%), and 17 residents (10%) had bacteriuria before and after therapy. The percentage of hourly checks at which the residents were found wet and other measures of incontinence severity remained essentially the same after bacteriuria was eradicated. In the nonbacteriuric group, the percentage of checks that were wet increased from 29% (95% CI, 26% to 32%) at baseline to 30% (CI, 27% to 34%) on repeated measurement. In the bacteriuric groups, the percentage increased from 34% (CI, 30% to 38%) before treatment to 35% (CI, 31% to 39%) after bacteriuria was eradicated. The presence of pyuria did not affect the results. Conclusion: Eradicating bacteriuria has no short-term effects on the severity of chronic urinary incontinence among nursing home residents. Our data support the practice of not treating asymptomatic bacteriuria in this population and validate the recommendations in the Health Care Financing Administration's Resident Assessment Protocol for urinary incontinence.
ZS-9, A NOVEL SELECTIVE CATION TRAP, LEADS TO A RAPID AND PREDICTABLE RATE OF DECLINE IN SERUM POTASSIUM IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND HYPERKALEMIA
Authors: Bhupinder Singh, Stephen A. Ash, Philip T. Lavin, Alex Yang, Henrik S. Rasmussen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Circulating Microparticles from Pulmonary Hypertensive Rats Induce Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: Simon Tual-Chalot, Christelle Guibert, Bernard Muller, Jean-Pierre Savineau, Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina, M. Carmen Martinez
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Rationale: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe disease characterized by an increase of pulmonary vascular resistance, which is accompanied by functional and structural changes in pulmonary arteries. Microparticles (MPs) have been described as biological vector of endothelial dysfunction in other pathologies.Objectives: The purpose of this work was to characterize circulating MPs during hypoxic PAH and to study their effects on endothelial function.Methods: Male Wistar rats were exposed or not to chronic hypoxia, and normoxic or hypoxic MPs from blood were characterized by flow cytometry. Endothelial cells (ECs) from rat aorta or pulmonary arteries were incubated with MPs, and then expression and phosphorylation of enzymes involved in nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species productions were analyzed. Hypoxic MPs were injected into rats, and endothelium-dependent relaxation was assessed.Measurements and Main Results: Circulating levels of MPs from hypoxic rats were twofold higher than those present in normoxic rats. In vitro treatment of ECs with hypoxic MPs reduced NO production in aortas and pulmonary arteries by enhancing phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase at the inhibitory site. Hypoxic MPs increased oxidative stress only in pulmonary ECs via xanthine oxidase and mitochondrial implication. In vivo injection of hypoxic MPs into rat impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation both in aorta and pulmonary arteries.Conclusions: These data provide evidence that hypoxic circulating MPs induce endothelial dysfunction in rat aorta and pulmonary arteries by decreasing NO production. Moreover, MPs display tissue specificity with respect to increased oxidative stress, which occurs only in pulmonary ECs.
Genetic analysis of adenosine deaminase expression in adult T‐cell leukemia
Authors: Takayuki Morisaki, Naomi Horiuchi, Hisashi Tsutsumi, Hiromi Ogura, Hitoshi Kanno, Kenzaburo Tani, Hisaichi Fujii, Shiro Miwa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

We investigated the genetic basis for the increased adenosine deaminase (ADA) expression in adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). We found a correlation between the levels of ADA-specific mRNA and ADA immunoreactive protein in ATL. Southern blot analysis revealed no gene amplification or rearrangement of the ADA gene. These findings indicate that increased ADA expression in ATL cells reflects increased transcriptional activity for the ADA gene or increased stability of ADA mRNA.
Clinical Genetics, VII: From Genetics to Pathophysiology: Positional Cloning
Authors: Alan R. Sanders, Elliot S. Gershon
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1998)

This introduction briefly highlights NIMH's history from its inception until today. It is not meant as, nor could it be, a detailed history of NIMH but is offered primarily as a perspective by which to read the articles in this supplement. Obviously, the history of any institution is the personal history of its leadership, and contained in this special issue are the personal reminiscences of six of the eight Directors of NIMH, who review their tenures at the Institute from the perspective of the central contributions and advances made by NIMH during the time they served as Director. As such, it is an interesting and informative personalized history of one of the world's great institutions and one that has played and continues to play a central and vital role in this nation's response to its mentally ill citizens.
Hypomethylation of DNA: a possible nongenotoxic mechanism underlying the role of cell proliferation in carcinogenesis.
Authors: J I Goodman, J L Counts
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

DNA methylation (i.e., the 5-methylcytosin content of DNA) plays a role in the regulation of gene activity. There is a persuasive body of evidence indicating that differential methylation of DNA (i.e., 5-methylcytosine versus cytosine) is a determinant of chromatin structure and that the methyl group provides a chemical signal that is recognized by trans-acting factors that regulate transcription. Hypomethylation (i.e., low levels of DNA 5-methylcytosine) of a gene is necessary but not sufficient for its expression, and, therefore, a hypomethylated gene can be considered to possess an increased potential for expression as compared to a hypermethylated gene. Cell proliferation is a fundamental component of carcinogenesis. It plays a key role in expanding clones of initiated cells and, in addition, cell replication may contribute to carcinogenesis by facilitating mutagenesis. This can occur either by causing the fixation of promutagenic DNA-damage before repair or as a consequence of a "normal" error occurring during DNA replication. During periods of cell proliferation the established pattern of DNA methylation is maintained by the action of a maintenance methylase following DNA replication. Changes in the methylation status of a gene provide a mechanism by which its potential for expression can be altered in an epigenetic heritable manner, and it is expected that modifications in DNA methylation would result from threshold-exhibiting events.
Excellent response of basal cell carcinomas and pigmentary changes in xeroderma pigmentosum to imiquimod 5% cream
Authors: E. Nagore, A. Sevila, O. Sanmartin, R. Botella-Estrada, C. Requena, C. Serra-Guillen, P. Sanchez-PedreNo, C. Guillen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is an autosomal recessive disease in which patients have a 1000‐fold increased risk of developing cutaneous neoplasms. Management of patients with XP is a difficult therapeutic challenge as they usually present with many cutaneous malignancies and continue to form skin tumours at a high rate. We describe a 19‐year‐old woman with XP who had been previously treated with many different therapeutic approaches. She had an excellent clinical response of her multiple small pigmented basal cell carcinomas and pigmentary changes using imiquimod 5% cream with only minor side‐effects.
Neuroendocrine Differentiated Breast Carcinoma With Pleural Metastases Using Indium-111 Octreotide
Authors: Amar A. Suchak, Noam Millo, Robert MacEwan, Alexander J.B. (Sandy) McEwan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

A 44-year-old woman was managed with segmental resection and chemoradiation therapy for stage I adenocarcinoma of the left breast in 1999. Five years later, she developed dyspnea and pleurodynia, and a chest computed tomography study revealed multiple large soft tissue density pleural masses and a right pleural effusion. A pleural biopsy revealed neuroendocrine type metastatasis, which was confirmed as histologically similar to the 1999 breast pathology. This suggested a primary breast neuroendocrine differentiated neoplasm.
Preservation of Human Kidneys for Transplantation: Preliminary Results with a Gambro Perfusion Machine
Authors: T. P. Stephenson, E. P. N. O'Donoghue, W. F. Hendry, J. E. A. Wickham
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Twenty-six human cadaveric kidneys have been preserved for up to 36 hours by continuous perfusion with 4.5% albumin solution on a Gambro machine. Of these, 20 kidneys were transplanted, and six were discarded owing to poor perfusion characteristics during storage. Immediate function was obtained with four kidneys, of which two had been preserved for over 30 hours.Satisfactory renal function has been obtained with 17 kidneys, and three kidneys were lost owing to rejection or technical complications. It is our experience that human kidneys can be successfully preserved for up to 36 hours by this technique.
The Histone Methyltransferase Wbp7 Controls Macrophage Function through GPI Glycolipid Anchor Synthesis
Authors: Liv Austenaa, Iros Barozzi, Agnieszka Chronowska, Alberto Termanini, Renato Ostuni, Elena Prosperini, A. Francis Stewart, Giuseppe Testa, Gioacchino Natoli
Journal: Immunity (2012)
The antimicrobial and osteoinductive properties of silver nanoparticle/poly (dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-coated stainless steel
Authors: Yi Liu, Zhong Zheng, Janette N. Zara, Chingyun Hsu, Donnalisa E. Soofer, Kevin S. Lee, Ronald K. Siu, Lloyd S. Miller, Xinli Zhang, Doug Carpenter, Chunling Wang, Kang Ting, Chia Soo
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Duret Hemorrhage Following Subdural Hematoma Evacuation
Authors: S. Arthur Moore, Manoj K. Mittal, Alejandro A. Rabinstein
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

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Eicosanoid excretion in hepatic cirrhosis. Predominance of 20-HETE.
Authors: D Sacerdoti, M Balazy, P Angeli, A Gatta, J C McGiff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

The cytochrome P450 system transforms AA to hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) metabolites that are vasoactive and affect transport in several nephron segments. A principal product of this system, 20-HETE, participates in key mechanisms that regulate the renal circulation and extracellular fluid volume. We hypothesized that excess production of 20-HETE, which constricts the renal vasculature, contributes to the renal functional disturbances in patients with hepatic cirrhosis, particularly the depression of renal hemodynamics. The development of a precise and sensitive gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric method makes it possible to measure 20-HETE and the subterminal HETEs (16-,17-,18-, and 19-HETEs) in biological fluids. As 20-HETE was excreted as the glucuronide conjugate, measurement of 20-HETE required treatment of urine with glucuronidase. We measured HETEs in the urine of patients with cirrhosis, and compared these values to those of normal subjects. Urinary excretion rate of 20-HETE was highest in patients with ascites; 12.5+/-3.2 ng/min vs. 5.0+/-1.5 and 1.6+/-0.2 ng/min in cirrhotic patients without ascites and in normal subjects, respectively. Excretion of 16-, 17-, and 18-HETEs was not increased. In patients with cirrhosis, the excretory rate of 20-HETE was several-fold higher than those of prostaglandins and thromboxane, whereas in normal subjects 20-HETE and prostaglandins were excreted at similar rates. Of the eicosanoids, only increased excretion of 20-HETE in subjects with cirrhosis was correlated (r = -0.61; P < 0.01) with reduction of renal plasma flow (RPF).
Effects of hypothermia during cardiopulmonary bypass and circulatory arrest on sympathetic nerve activity in rabbits
Authors: S TOKUNAGA, T IMAIZUMI, K FUKAE, A NAKASHIMA, M HISAHARA, R TOMINAGA, A TAKESHITA, H YASUI, K TOKUNAGA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Little is known about the effect of hypothermia on neural regulation. We investigated the effects of hypothermia during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on control of renal (RSNA) and lumbar sympathetic nerve activity (LSNA), and plasma catecholamine levels.We directly measured RSNA (n = 14) and LSNA (n = 6) during CPB in anesthetized rabbits. CPB was performed via cannulae in the aortic root for arterial perfusion and the right atrium for venous drainage. Systemic hypothermia was induced by core cooling. RSNA and LSNA were recorded at the nasopharyngeal temperature of 37, 30, 24, and 18 degrees C and after rewarming up to 37 degrees C while keeping mean arterial pressure at 70 mmHg by altering perfusion flow. Other variables such as blood gases or electrolytes were kept constant.RSNA at the temperature of 30, 24, and 18 degrees C significantly decreased by 91, 97, and 95% from control (37 degrees C), respectively. LSNA decreased by 18, 57, and 89% from control as well. The decreases in RSNA at 30 and 24 degrees C were greater than those in LSNA (P < 0.05). At 18 degrees C both RSNA and LSNA nearly disappeared. Circulatory arrest for 20 min during hypothermia at 18 degrees C caused no increase in RSNA while it increased LSNA. Plasma catecholamine levels at 18 degrees C were not different from those at 37 degrees C. Rewarming to 37 degrees C increased RSNA and LSNA by 321 and 92% from control (37 degrees C before cooling), respectively (P < 0.01).Hypothermia progressively decreased and rewarming markedly increased sympathetic nerve activity, but the effects of hypothermia on RSNA and LSNA were not uniform.
The Unrecognized Extragonadal Germ Cell Cancer Syndrome
Authors: RONALD L. RICHARDSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Within 3 years we saw 12 patients diagnosed initially as having poorly differentiated or undifferentiated carcinomas who, we believe, actually had extragonadal germinal cancers. Serum levels of the β subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) or α-fetoprotein were useful in suggesting and supporting the diagnosis: Levels of one or the other were elevated in six of 10 patients in whom they were measured but levels of both, in only one patient. Staining of histologic specimens for β-HCG or α-fetoprotein showed intracellular localization of one of these markers in the cancer cells of all four patients studied. All patients responded to therapy (11 treated with chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy, one with excision and radiotherapy only), with complete remissions in seven of 12. Two of the patients who had a complete remission have experienced relapse, and five have continued in disease-free remission from more than 8 to more than 56 months. Histologically atypical extragonadal germ cell neoplasms may be commoner than previously supposed. Physicians should consider this treatable and potentially curable cancer in selected patients having poorly differentiated or undifferentiated carcinomas.
MINIMALLY INVASIVE VIDEO ASSISTED SURGICAL CLOSURE OF ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECTS: HASTENING RECOVERY USING A SAFE AND EFFECTIVE APPROACH
Authors: Anna Sabate Rotes, Harold Burkhart, Rakesh Suri, Martha Grogan, Nathaniel Taggart, Hartzell Schaff, Joseph Dearani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Spectinomycin resistant gonococci.
Authors: C A Ison, K Littleton, K P Shannon, C S Easmon, I Phillips
Journal: BMJ (1983)

A study was conducted examining the properties of 10 clinical isolates of spectinomycin resistant gonococci from patients attending clinics at St Mary's and St Thomas's Hospitals, London. All of the isolates produced beta-lactamase and contained plasmids of 2.6, 4.4, and 24.5 megadaltons and required proline for growth. None produced aminoglycoside modifying enzymes. Resistance to spectinomycin was transferred from some of the isolates by transformation but at a much lower frequency than resistance to streptomycin. The isolates from St Mary's Hospital were detected after therapy with spectinomycin, whereas those from St Thomas's Hospital were not. Four recent non-beta-lactamase producing gonococci isolated at St Mary's Hospital and two isolated at St Thomas's Hospital also were not related to use of spectinomycin.
Tumour Aromatase Expression, a Prognostic for Local Control in Young Breast Cancer Patients after Breast-Conserving Treatment?
Authors: M. Bollet, A. Savignoni, L. De Koning, C. Tran Perennou, C. Barbaroux, A. Degeorges, B. Sigal-Zafrani, G. Almouzni, P. Cottu, R. Salmon, N. Servant, A. Fourquet, P. de Cremoux
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Introduction: To determine whether the levels of expression of 17 candidate genes were associated with locoregional control after breast conserving treatments of early-stage breast cancers in young, premenopausal women.Methods: Gene expression was measured using RT-PCR in the breast tumors of a series of 53 young (≤40 years), premenopausal patients. All treatments consisted in primary breast conserving surgery followed by whole-breast radiotherapy (+/- regional lymph nodes) with or without systemic treatments (chemotherapy +/- hormone-therapy). The median follow-up was 10 years.Results: The 10-year locoregional recurrence rate was 70% (95% CI 57%-87%). In univariate analysis, no clinical/pathological prognostic factors were found to be significantly associated with a decreased loco-regional control. Expression of three genes was found to be significantly associated with an increased loco-regional recurrence rate: low estrogen receptor beta, low aromatase, high GATA3. Two others were associated with only a trend (p&amp;lt;0.10): low HER1 and SKP2. In multivariate analysis only the absence of aromatase was significantly associated with an increased loco-regional recurrence rate (p=0.003, Relative Risk=0.49 95% CI [0.29-0.82]).Conclusions: Recent data give credit to the fact that breast cancer in young women is a distinct biological entity driven by special oncogenic pathways. Our results highlight the role of estrogen signalling pathways (mainly CYP19/aromatase, GATA3 and ERβ) in the risk of locoregional recurrence of breast cancer in young women. Confirmation in larger prospective studies are needed. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 6035.
The outer wall of small airways is a major site of remodeling in fatal asthma
Authors: Marisa Dolhnikoff, Luiz F.F. da Silva, Bianca B. de Araujo, Higor A.P. Gomes, Sandra Fernezlian, Adri Mulder, Jan H. Lindeman, Thais Mauad
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)