tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gender Differences in the Noninvasive Evaluation and Management of Patients with Suspected Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Leslee J. Shaw
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

To determine if gender-based differences exist in the post-test management and clinical outcome of patients with clinically suspected coronary artery disease who have stress electrocardiographic or myocardial perfusion imaging evaluation.Retrospective cohort study.University medical center.From a cohort of 3975 middle-aged patients referred for outpatient stress testing, 840 (47% women) were evaluated noninvasively for clinically suspected coronary artery disease.The rates of subsequent diagnostic procedures and the incidence of subsequent coronary revascularization, myocardial infarction, or cardiac death were determined for women and men.Pretest cardiac risk profiles were similar, except hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were more frequent in women. Atypical angina was more common in women than in men (57.5% compared with 44.5%, respectively; P < 0.001). Rates of initial test positivity (defined as exercise-induced horizontal or downsloping ST-segment depression > or = 1.0 mm or > or = 1 reversible thallium-201 defect) were similar in women and men. Compared with men, most women with an initial positive test result had no additional coronary artery disease evaluation (62.3% compared with 38.0%; P = 0.002). Coronary revascularization procedures were done more frequently in men (4.9% [22 of 449] compared with 2.0% [8 of 391]; P = 0.03). Cardiac death or myocardial infarction occurred more often in women during 2 years of follow-up (6.9% [27 of 391] compared with 2.4% [11 of 449]; P = 0.002).Women with suspected coronary artery disease have fewer additional diagnostic tests than men after an initial abnormal noninvasive stress test result, even though the incidence of typical angina, cardiac risk factors, and initial diagnostic test positivity rates are similar.
Dioxin Exposure, from Infancy through Puberty, Produces Endocrine Disruption and Affects Human Semen Quality
Authors: Paolo Mocarelli, Pier Mario Gerthoux, Donald G. Patterson, Silvano Milani, Giuseppe Limonta, Maria Bertona, Stefano Signorini, Pierluigi Tramacere, Laura Colombo, Carla Crespi, Paolo Brambilla, Cecilia Sarto, Vittorio Carreri, Eric J. Sampson, Wayman E. Turner, Larry L. Needham
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

BackgroundEnvironmental toxicants are allegedly involved in decreasing semen quality in recent decades; however, definitive proof is not yet available. In 1976 an accident exposed residents in Seveso, Italy, to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD).ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate reproductive hormones and sperm quality in exposed males.MethodsWe studied 135 males exposed to TCDD at three age groups, infancy/prepuberty (1–9 years), puberty (10–17 years), and adulthood (18–26 years), and 184 healthy male comparisons using 1976 serum TCDD levels and semen quality and reproductive hormones from samples collected 22 years later.ResultsRelative to comparisons, 71 men (mean age at exposure, 6.2 years; median serum TCDD, 210 ppt) at 22–31 years of age showed reductions in sperm concentration (53.6 vs. 72.5 million/mL; p = 0.025); percent progressive motility (33.2% vs. 40.8%; p < 0.001); total motile sperm count (44.2 vs. 77.5 × 106; p = 0.018); estradiol (76.2 vs. 95.9 pmol/L; p = 0.001); and an increase in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH; 3.58 vs. 2.98 IU/L; p = 0.055). Forty-four men (mean age at exposure, 13.2 years; median serum TCDD, 164 ppt) at 32–39 years of age showed increased total sperm count (272 vs. 191.9 × 106; p = 0.042), total motile sperm count (105 vs. 64.9 ×106; p = 0.036), FSH (4.1 vs. 3.2 UI/L; p = 0.038), and reduced estradiol (74.4 vs. 92.9 pmol/L; p < 0.001). No effects were observed in 20 men, 40–47 years of age, who were exposed to TCDD (median, 123 ppt) as adults (mean age at exposure, 21.5 years).ConclusionsExposure to TCDD in infancy reduces sperm concentration and motility, and an opposite effect is seen with exposure during puberty. Exposure in either period leads to permanent reduction of estradiol and increased FSH. These effects are permanent and occur at TCDD concentrations < 68 ppt, which is within one order of magnitude of those in the industrialized world in the 1970s and 1980s and may be responsible at least in part for the reported decrease in sperm quality, especially in younger men.
Elevated Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Pericardial Fluid of Patients With Unstable Angina
Authors: Masatoshi Fujita, Masaki Ikemoto, Masamichi Kishishita, Hideo Otani, Ryuji Nohara, Terumitsu Tanaka, Shun-ichi Tamaki, Ario Yamazato, Shigetake Sasayama
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Collateral growth is induced by chemical signals from the ischemic myocardium. We hypothesized that angiogenic growth factors are produced by cardiac tissue; they are diffusible, more concentrated in pericardial fluids, and are increased by myocardial ischemia. Methods and Results With the use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we measured the concentrations of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in pericardial fluids of 12 patients with unstable angina (group 1) and of 8 patients with nonischemic heart diseases (group 2). The levels of protein in pericardial fluids were quite comparable between the two groups (34±2 versus 32±4 mg/mL). The concentration of bFGF in pericardial fluids in group 1 was 2036±357 pg/mL, significantly ( P &lt;.001) higher than the 289±72 pg/mL in group 2. The amount of bFGF per milligram of protein was also significantly ( P &lt;.05) higher in group 1 than in group 2 (67±15 versus 12±4 pg/mg). The concentration of VEGF in pericardial fluids tended to be higher in group 1, but the difference was statistically insignificant (39±7 versus 22±6 pg/mL). The amount of VEGF per milligram of protein was 1.2±0.3 pg/mg in group 1, similar to the 0.8±0.4 pg/mg in group 2. Conclusions This finding provides new evidence that bFGF plays an important role in mediating collateral growth in humans.
Artificial Heart Implantation: What Limitations Are Imposed by Infectious Complications?
Authors: Louis B. Rice
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Recently, the interests and efforts of the scientific community to support or replace the severely dysfunctioning heart for variable periods have focused on the implantable total artificial heart (TAH) and the mechanical ventricular assist pump (VAP). Despite important technical advances in biomaterials, in the mechanical aspects of the devices, and in power sources, life-threatening thromboembolic, hemorrhagic, and infectious complications were promptly noted in association with use of these devices. Furthermore, use of the TAH was made difficult by the limited space available for its implantation within the thorax, while use of the VAP was restricted by its extracorporeal placement. Concurrent with the efforts to develop these mechanical devices, orthotopic cardiac transplantation became a reality. By the end of 1985, an international registry reported that 2577 patients had received cardiac transplants and that four-year survival among those heart recipients treated with cyclosporine was, by actuarial analysis, 76%.<sup>1</sup>The successes of
The Influence of Large-Scale Airborne Particle Decline and Traffic-Related Exposure on Children’s Lung Function
Authors: Dorothea Sugiri, Ulrich Ranft, Tamara Schikowski, Ursula Krämer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Between 1991 and 2000, ambient air pollution in East Germany changed to resemble West German pollution levels: The concentration of total suspended particles (TSPs) decreased on a broad scale while traffic increased. During that time, we analyzed total lung capacity (TLC) and airway resistance (R(aw)) of East and West German children. We tested children 5-7 years of age (n = 2,574) with cooperation-independent body plethysmography in repeated cross sections. We used random-effect models to determine the mutually adjusted association between lung function and short-term and chronic particle exposure and its interaction with living near a busy road. Annual averages of TSPs declined from 77 to 44 microg/m2; averages on the day of investigation declined from 133 to 30 microg/m2. Differences in lung function between East and West German children vanished during the investigation time. The association of TSPs with R(aw) and TLC was stronger in children living > 50 m away from busy roads. East German children from this group had an R(aw) 2.5% higher [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.0-5.1%] per 40-microg/m2 increase of daily TSP averages. TLC decreased by 6.2% (95% CI, 0.04-11.6%) per 40-microg/m2 increase in annual mean TSPs, and this effect was equally pronounced in East and West Germany. TSP exposure decreased on a broad scale between 1991 and 2000. Lower concentrations of TSPs were associated with better measures of lung function in 6-year-old children. For children living near busy roads, this effect was diminished.
Cohort Study of Cytomegalovirus Infection as a Risk Factor for Carotid Intimal-Medial Thickening, a Measure of Subclinical Atherosclerosis
Authors: F. Javier Nieto, Erwin Adam, Paul Sorlie, Homayoon Farzadegan, Joseph L. Melnick, George W. Comstock, Moyses Szklo
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Animal studies as well as clinical and cross-sectional epidemiological studies in humans have suggested a possible role of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and other herpesvirus infections in the development of cardiovascular disease. Methods and Results The present report is based on a case-control study nested within a historical cohort. The case group comprised 150 individuals with elevated carotid intimal-medial thickness (IMT) measured by B-mode ultrasound at the first two examinations of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (1987 through 1992). The control group comprised 150 age- and sex-matched individuals with low IMT. Antibody titers for CMV and herpesvirus 1 and 2 were determined in sera obtained in 1974 as part of a community-wide survey conducted in Washington County, Maryland. Case subjects had higher mean CMV antibody titers in 1974 sera than control subjects, although the difference was not statistically significant when adjusted for other cardiovascular risk factors. There was evidence of a graded relation between the odds of intimal-medial thickening and the levels of CMV antibodies that remained significant after adjustment for the main cardiovascular risk factors ( P =.013). The adjusted odds ratio for a high CMV antibody titer (a positive/negative value ≥20) compared with a positive/negative value &lt;4 was 5.3 (95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 18.0). Conclusions The results from this first population-based cohort study of CMV infection and carotid IMT are compatible with the hypothesis of a causal role of CMV in atherosclerosis.
Finnish regulator is investigated after discovery of two bogus doctors
Authors: P. Saloheimo
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Finland’s health regulatory authority is being investigated after the discovery that two men who had been working as doctors in Finland for many years were not medically qualified.

Maria Guzenina-Richardson, the Finnish minister of health and social services, has appointed a three person group to look into the actions of Valvira, the National Supervisory Authority for Welfare and Health, after claims that the authority had ignored warnings last year that the two doctors’ qualifications might be bogus.

The investigating group, which consists …
Lessons from next-generation sequencing analysis in hematological malignancies
Authors: E Braggio, J B Egan, R Fonseca, A K Stewart
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2013)

Next-generation sequencing has led to a revolution in the study of hematological malignancies with a substantial number of publications and discoveries in the last few years. Significant discoveries associated with disease diagnosis, risk stratification, clonal evolution and therapeutic intervention have been generated by this powerful technology. As part of the post-genomic era, sequencing analysis will likely become part of routine clinical testing and the challenge will ultimately be successfully transitioning from gene discovery to preventive and therapeutic intervention as part of individualized medicine strategies. In this report, we review recent advances in the understanding of hematological malignancies derived through genome-wide sequence analysis.
Bioactivity of Instant Glucose
Authors: Robin R. Gunning
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The efficacy of instant glucose as a potential treatment for hypoglycemia was studied in normal volunteers, with therapeutic doses administered in the buccal cavity. 2-Tritiated glucose (50 mu Ci) was homogenized into each dose before use. Mean blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations were unaltered by instant glucose. Glucose absorption was less than 0.05 mg at any time, and total glucose absorbed was less than 0.1 mg. For comparison purposes, volunteers swallowed a dose of instant glucose. Approximately 88% of the dose was absorbed during a 30-minute interval. Blood glucose and insulin levels increased. Instant glucose appears to be of therapeutic value only if swallowed by fully conscious, hypoglycemic patients. It should not benefit unconscious patients because of its poor absorption through the buccal mucosa.
Cranial nerve palsy in tetanus.
Authors: R P Patel, M Sorokin
Journal: BMJ (1973)

taneously without requiring pacing and that the majority of patients with anterior myo- cardial infarction do badly whether they are paced or not.Our figures and those of the authors whom we quoted lend some support to this belief but they do not prove the point.Our present policy continues to be relatively conservative, pacing only those patients in whom drug therapy is unsuccess- ful.It is apparent from Dr.
Lamin B1 duplications cause autosomal dominant leukodystrophy
Authors: Quasar S Padiath, Kazumasa Saigoh, Raphael Schiffmann, Hideaki Asahara, Takeshi Yamada, Anulf Koeppen, Kirk Hogan, Louis J Ptáček, Ying-Hui Fu
Journal: Nature Genetics (2006)
Revisiting Justified Nonvoluntary Euthanasia
Authors: Bertha Manninen
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgment Many thanks to my colleagues at Arizona State University, Tuomas Manninen, Jackie Gately, Maureen Sander-Staudt, Shari Collins-Chobanian, and Sandra Woien, for their very helpful comments and suggestions.
JAKs and STATs in Immunity, Immunodeficiency, and Cancer
Authors: John J. O'Shea, Steven M. Holland, Louis M. Staudt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

A large number of cytokines signal through the JAK–STAT pathway. Abnormal function of this pathway may lead to a variety of diseases. Targeting the defects in this signaling pathway has already led to treatment advances, and further advances are likely.
HIGH CIRCULATING LEVELS OF TENASCIN-C WERE ASSOCIATED WITH CORONARY ARTERIAL CALCIFICATION IN PATIENTS WITH STABLE EFFORT ANGINA PECTORIS
Authors: Sakamoto Nobuo, Kazuhiko Nakazato, Hiroyuki Kunii, Tomofumi Misaka, Hiroyuki Mizukami, Koichi Sugimoto, Shu-ichi Saitoh, Toshiyuki Ishibashi, Yasuchika Takeishi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Coevolution of the Domains of Cytoplasmic Tyrosine Kinases
Authors: Martin Nars, Mauno Vihinen
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2001)

Many signaling molecules are multidomain proteins that have other domains in addition to the catalytic kinase domain. Protein tyrosine kinases almost without exception contain Src homology 2 (SH2) and/or SH3 domains that can interact with other signaling proteins. Here, we studied evolution of the tyrosine kinases containing SH2 and/or SH3 and kinase domains. The three domains seem to have duplicated together, since the phylogenetic analysis using parsimony gave almost identical evolutionary trees for the separate domains and the multidomain complexes. The congruence analysis of the sequences for the separate domains also suggested that the domains have coevolved. There are several reasons for the domains to appear in a cluster. Kinases are regulated in many ways, and the presence of SH2 and SH3 domains at proper positions is crucial. Because all three domains can recognize different parts of ligands and substrates, their evolution has been interconnected. The reasons for the clustering and coevolution of the three domains in protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are discussed.
THE PARALYSES, BY ONE OF THE MANY PARALYTICS.
Authors: SAMUEL KNOX CRAWFORD
Journal: JAMA (1898)

To have studied paralysis from clinical phenomena observed in one's own body, and to have closely watched its varied and variable phases from a subjective point of view, is to have learned well a story which too few survive to relate. To have suffered a grave lesion of a part of one hemisphere of the central ganglion, and yet to have been fully conscious of it all, and able to interpret the nerve disturbance and mental perturbation resulting therefrom, and to have been capable, conversely, of locating the lesion from the distal nerve phenomena, is to have enjoyed a rare privilege that none would seek, and to have passed an ordeal through which few pass and survive. Surviving, they seldom possess sufficient force and energy to attempt a formulated portrayal and deductive story of the ailment suffered. The consensus of medical opinion is to the effect that to the subject
Pulmonary Radiation Reactions
Authors: KENT B. LAMOUREUX
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments and Correction1 November 1975Pulmonary Radiation ReactionsKENT B. LAMOUREUXKENT B. LAMOUREUXSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-5-738_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I have recently described the appearance of increased clinically symptomatic pulmonary radiation reactions with adjuvant chemotherapy (1), specifically a combination of nitrogen mustard, procarbazine, and vincristine. My comments in that paper suggested that "increased reactions be looked for in all organ systems that are irradiated during combination studies." Further evidence in support of this statement is given by the recent report of synergistic cardiotoxicity with adriamycin and radiation in your journal by Merrill and associates (Ann Intern Med 82:122-123, 1975), and another article by Cassady and associates (2) on treatment of Wilms tumor with combined modality therapy....References1. LAMOUREUX K: Increased clinically symptomatic pulmonary rediation reactions with adjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer Chem Rep 58:705-708, 1974 MedlineGoogle Scholar2. CASSADY J, MEYER G, and JAFFE N: Fever, lethargy and rash complicating treatment for Wilms' tumor—a new syndrome? Radiology 115:171-174, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. LAMOUREUX K: Diagnostic problems after radiotherapy involving the lung. South Med J 66:1388-1392, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: KENT B. LAMOUREUXAffiliations: Department of Radiation Therapy Arnot-Ogden Memorial Hospital Roe Avenue Elmira, New York 14901 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPulmonary Reactions to Drugs 1 November 1975Volume 83, Issue 5Page: 738-738KeywordsAdjuvant chemotherapyProcarbazineRadiation therapy ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
Strategies to increase the lung donors' pool
Authors: P. Hantson, X. Wittebole, A. Liolios
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

To the Editors: 

In a recent issue of the European Respiratory Journal , de Perrot et al . 1 suggested various strategies in order to increase the number of lung donors. Among these strategies, the extension of the lung donors' selection criteria was discussed. We would like to stress some points in a subtype of marginal donors. Most of the transplant coordination centres are reluctant to consider donors who present with brain death after a toxic exposure.

Data available from the organ procurement organisations are scarce. Cumulative data recovered from January 1988 to March 2004 by the US Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network revealed that, among the 10,981 lung donors recorded within the interval, the mechanism of death was drug intoxication in only 92 cases (<1%). Similarly, the experience published by Eurotransplant (Austria, Belgium, Germany, Luxemburg and The Netherlands) is extremely limited. In 1996, a total of 168 lung transplantations were performed. …
Staff who dislike healthcare reforms should go now, says NHS chief
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Staff who strongly dislike the changes created by the government’s white paper health reforms should go now, as they will be a “drag” on the health service during its critical transition phase, the NHS’s chief executive, David Nicholson, has said.

Speaking on 16 November in Liverpool at the annual conference of NHS Employers—which represents trusts in England on workforce issues—David Nicholson urged human resources directors to set in train processes to deal with the three categories of people working in the NHS at this stage of its evolution.

“There are those who essentially hate all this,” he said, alluding to the “massive” challenges facing the health …
IMPACT OF TIME TO REPERFUSION ON MICROVASCULAR FUNCTION AND LONG-TERM OUTCOME AFTER PRIMARY ANGIOPLASTY FOR FIRST ANTERIOR WALL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Takefumi Takahashi, Yoshikazu Hiasa, Shin-ichiro Miyazaki, Shinobu Hosokawa, Koichi Kishi, Ryuji Ohtani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Grapefruit Juice for the Pruritus of Cholestatic Liver Disease
Authors: J.F. Cadranel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 June 1997Grapefruit Juice for the Pruritus of Cholestatic Liver DiseaseJ.F. Cadranel, MD, V. Di Martino, MD, and B. Devergie, MDJ.F. Cadranel, MDCentre Hospitalier Laennec, Creil, FranceSearch for more papers by this author, V. Di Martino, MDCentre Hospitalier Laennec, Creil, FranceSearch for more papers by this author, and B. Devergie, MDCentre Hospitalier Laennec, Creil, FranceSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-11-199706010-00030 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We read with interest the letter by Horsmans and Geubel [1] about the impressive efficacy of grapefruit juice in the treatment of cholestasis-induced severe pruritus. We report our experience with such therapy in five patients with cholestasis-induced pruritus. All of our patients had pruritus that was unresponsive to sequential treatment with bile acid-sequestering resin followed by terfenadine. The cholestasis was related to primary biliary cirrhosis in two patients who were treated continuously with ursodiol, to drug-induced hepatitis (caused by cyamamezine) in one patient, to acute viral hepatitis A in one patient (a pregnant woman), and to acute ...REFERENCE1. Horsmans Y, Geubel AP. Pruritus associated with cholestatic liver disease [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:701. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: J.F. Cadranel, MD; V. Di Martino, MD; B. Devergie, MDAffiliations: Centre Hospitalier Laennec, Creil, France PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byComplications of CholestasisComplications of Cholestasis 1 June 1997Volume 126, Issue 11Page: 920-921KeywordsAlcoholicsBileChronic hepatitis CDrugsHepatitisHepatitis ALiver diseasesPregnancyPrimary biliary cirrhosisPruritus ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 June 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...