tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Calculation of Relative Glomerular Filtration Rate and Correlation with Delayed Technetium-99m DMSA Imaging
Authors: ANDREW TAYLOR, MICHAEL KIPPER, KATHRYN WITZTUM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

The relative renal uptake of Tc-99m DMSA was compared with the relative glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in ten patients with serum creatinines ranging from 0.3 to 2.5 mg/dl. Relative GFR was based on the renal uptake of Tc-99m DTPA determined by two methods: 1) Integrating the counts from 1 to 3 minutes postinjection and correcting for background. 2) Totalizing the individual renal counts in a single 15-second frame from 2:45 minutes to 3:00 minutes postinjection and correcting for background. The two methods of determining relative DTPA uptake showed excellent correlation, r = 0.98. Relative DMSA uptake determined at 24 hours post-injection using computer-assisted regions of interest showed excellent correlation with the relative GFR determined by either the integral or single-frame method, r = 0.98. The addition of background subtraction for the DMSA images at 24 hours did not improve the correlation.
Hard Put For A Silver Lining
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Tobacco is an enemy whose crimes are admitted even by its devotees. Its only defense is the claim that the alternatives to smoking—depression, excessive appetite, and nervous tension—may outweigh its dangers.  There are, however, circumstances under which smoking may be beneficial. In a study of risk factors for deep vein thrombosis complicating myocardial infarction, Handley and Teather 1 found, to their surprise, that this complication occurred more often in nonsmokers than in cigarette smokers. Deep vein thrombosis was diagnosed by 125 I-labelled fibrinogen scanning in 17 (28%) of the 61 cigarette-smoking patients seen in the coronary care unit of Queen Mary's Hospital, Roehampton, England, as compared with 19 (51%) of their 37 nonsmoking counterparts.  The difference became even more significant after high-risk cases, ie, patients aged 70 years or more and those with varicose veins or a history of previous thromboembolism, had been excluded. In the narrowed sample, 9 (41%)
Level of play related anthropometric differences in volleyball players
Authors: M Zadraznik, E Dervisevic
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Volleyball is a sport where anthropometric measures strongly influence the level of play. Objective The aim of our study was to explore the differences in the anthropometric measures in volleyball players among different levels of play. Design Controlled laboratory study. Setting Elite national division (competitive). Participants and methods 301 volleyball player (115 males and 134 females) underwent the anthropometric testing at the Faculty of sport in Ljubljana at the end of competitive season 2006–2007. Players were recruited from Slovenian 1st (49 males, 66 females) and 2nd league (66 males, 68 females). Testing included body height, body mass and 9-site skinfold measurements. Later on body mass index and body composition (percentage fat, lean body mass, somatotyping …) was calculated. Multivariate analysis of variance with correction for age was used to evaluate the differences among different levels of play. Results On multivariate level the differences among the 1st and 2nd division existed in both sexes (males F=4.41, p=0.0001; females F=2.84, p=0.004). On univariate level the main differences in both sexes were related to the body height (males F=10.92, p=0.01; females 10.20, p=0.002) and lean body mass (males F=14.96, p=0.0002; females 8.13, p=0.005), while in males the differences existed in the bone mass as well (F=4.21, p=0.04). Conclusions Our results suggest that body height remains the important factor of success in volleyball players. While the body height is genetically determined and virtually impossible to modify, the lean body mass is the modifiable factor that should be regularly monitored and adjusted in volleyball players. Our study offers solid reference values for the anthropometric evaluation of volleyball players.
Anthrax of the Thigh Treated by Operation: Recovery
Authors: T. Sinclair
Journal: BMJ (1900)

A1RTHBAX OF THIIGH.[TI A H757a.few small scars, some thickening of the hepatic capsule, or slight perihepatitis may be the only morbid features percep- tible externally on post-nortem examination.This fact is of great importance in its bearing upon diagnosis.There may be no suspicious history, nothing whatever distinctive in the physical signs made out during life.The condition of the liver, as ascertained by examination of the abdomen may correspond exactly with that of an ordinary alcoholic cir- rhosis.Another feature of syphilitic cirrhosis is the degree of peri- hepatitis and local peritonitis in the region of the liver.This condition of general perihepatitis, with extension to neigh- bouring stractures, is far more marked in connection with
Complications of Endoscopic Sphincterotomy: Results From a Single Tertiary Referral Center
Authors: M. Barthet, N. Lesavre, A. Desjeux, M. Gasmi, P. Berthezene, S. Berdah, X. Viviand, J. C. Grimaud
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Complications of endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) have been assessed in recent multicenter studies. The aim of this series was to report and identify risk factors for complications of ES at a single tertiary referral center.Between 1996 and 2000, 1159 consecutive endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies (ERCP) procedures were performed and their related complications were assessed. A total of 658 patients (57 %) underwent ES. All the clinical, radiological and biological data were carefully recorded within the 30 days following the procedure. Multivariate analysis was performed using a stepwise logistic model.The morbidity rate for ES was 7.7 %, being moderate to severe in 5 %. Morbidity included acute pancreatitis (3.5 %), perforations (1.8 %), sepsis (1.2 %) and bleeding (1.2 %). The 30-day mortality was 0.9 %. In the 1159 ERCP procedures, 231 patients underwent precut papillotomy (20 %) followed by sphincterotomy in 174 cases. Using logistic regression analysis, the risk factors for ES were precut papillotomy (relative risk, RR 2.76), confidence interval, (CI 1.39 - 5.49) and the presence of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (RR, 7.72, CI 3.2 - 18.4).In this single-center series, we found a complication rate of ES in about 7 %, comparable to that in multicenter series. Precut papillotomy and sphincter of Oddi dysfunction were the main independent risk factors for ES.
Secretion of Peptides and Proteins Lacking Hydrophobic Signal Sequences: The Role of Adenosine Triphosphate-Driven Membrane Translocators*
Authors: KARL KUCHLER, JEREMY THORNER
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1992)

In this review, we will emphasize the role of ATP-dependent membrane transporters in protein export and intracellular protein trafficking in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. ATP-binding-cassette (ABC)-transport proteins, also termed "traffic ATPases," belong to a superfamily of ubiquitous ATP-driven membrane transporters that share extensive sequence similarity and highly conserved domain organization. They are implicated in a remarkable variety of transmembrane transport processes, including the transport of ions, heavy metals, sugars, anticancer drugs, amino acids, oligopeptides, and proteins. Bacterial ABC-proteins include the well-characterized periplasmic permeases involved in nutrient uptake, but also include protein secretion systems, such as the exporter for the Escherichia coli enterotoxin hemolysin A. Prominent eukaryotic members of this superfamily include the human P-glycoprotein (which is associated with the phenomenon of multiple drug resistance in tumor cells), the product of the cystic fibrosis gene (CFTR), the gene (pfmdr) implicated in chloroquine resistance of the malarial parasite, putative peptide transporters encoded at the locus for the class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and the yeast Ste6 transporter which mediates export of a peptide hormone that lacks a classical hydrophobic signal peptide. The well-established function of prokaryotic ABC-transporters in the secretion of proteins without typical signal sequences, and the example set by the Ste6 transporter, have led to the reasonable hypothesis that certain ABC-proteins in animal cells may be operating by a similar mechanism to mediate the export of a new class of secretory proteins, those lacking a classical hydrophobic signal peptide.
Abstract 1146: Multiple HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) reduce the expression of the oncogenic miR-17∼92 cluster; a pan HDACi class effect
Authors: Dominique R. Talbert, Xiaodong Peng, Scott A. Shell, Sarah Bacus
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract miR-17∼92 is an oncogenic polycistronic cluster encoding six mature miRNAs (MIR-17, MIR-20A, MIR-18A, MIR-19A, MIR-19B, and MIR-92A). This oncogenic cluster is driven by MYC activity and is highly-expressed in many tumor types where it has been shown to promote tumorigenesis through the suppression of oncogene-induced senescence. We recently observed reduced expression of the miR-17∼92 miRNA cluster in a miRNA microarray analysis of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells treated with the pan-HDAC inhibitors (HDACi's) Vorinostat, MS-275, and LAQ824. Treatment with all three HDACi's, at concentrations shown to induce the expression of p21 and acetylated histone-H3, demonstrated this effect which was further validated by qRT-PCR. Furthermore, significant cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis and/or senescence were shown with treatment of both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells with the HDACi's. There was also significant reduction of MYC expression upon treatment with HDACi's which is consistent with studies showing that the miR-17∼92 cluster is driven by MYC. The miR-17∼92 cluster has also been shown to suppress the expression of several cellular targets important in tumor suppression including p21, PTEN, E2F1, and BIM. The expression of these proteins will also be assessed in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells after treatment with HDACi. The modulation of MYC, the miR-17∼92 cluster and its oncogenic targets will also be confirmed in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 tumor xenograft mice treated with the HDACi's. Lastly, antagomirs will be used to inhibit the expression of the miR-17∼92 cluster in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in order to compare the functional (apoptosis, senescence, and cell cycle arrest) and cellular (repression of target proteins) effects elicited by HDACi treatment. Together, we have shown that pan-HDAC inhibitors inhibit the expression of MYC and the oncogenic miR-17-92 cluster. This finding could have important utility in the clinical development of pan-HDACi's by identifying MYC and/or the miR-17-92 cluster as potential biomarkers to select patients more likely to respond to pan-HDACi treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1146. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1146
Peroral Cholangiopancreatoscopy (PCPS) and Peroral Direct Cholangioscopy (PDCS)
Authors: Y. Urakami
Journal: Endoscopy (1980)

Peroral cholangiopancreatoscopy (PCPS) using a mother and babyscope was attempted in 30 cases and the duct systems were successfully inspected in 25 cases. This procedure should be useful in cases with biliary and pancreatic diseases if the bending system and biopsy channel of the babyscope can be improved. Peroral direct cholangioscopy (PDCS) using four kinds of forward-viewing small-caliber fiberscopes was successfully employed in 14 of 22 cases. These instruments have a biopsy channel as well as an air-supplying and an aspiration channel, so that a stone can be removed with a basket catheter under visual control. PDCS should become valuable therapeutically in bile duct diseases if the fiberscope can be improved.
Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins Compared with Unfractionated Heparin for Treatment of Acute Deep Venous Thrombosis: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Michael K. Gould
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Background: Low-molecular-weight heparins are effective for treating venous thrombosis, but their cost-effectiveness has not been rigorously assessed. Objective: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of low-molecular-weight heparins compared with unfractionated heparin for treatment of acute deep venous thrombosis. Design: Decision model. Data Sources: Probabilities for clinical outcomes were obtained from a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Cost estimates were derived from Medicare reimbursement and other sources. Target Population: Two hypothetical cohorts of 60-year-old men with acute deep venous thrombosis. Time Horizon: Patient lifetime. Perspective: Societal. Intervention: Fixed-dose low-molecular-weight heparin or adjusted-dose unfractionated heparin. Outcome Measures: Costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. An inpatient hospital setting was used for the base-case analysis. Secondary analyses examined outpatient treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin. Results of Base-Case Analysis: Total costs for inpatient treatment were $26 516 for low-molecular-weight heparin and $26 361 for unfractionated heparin. The cost of initial care was higher in patients who received low-molecular-weight heparin, but this was partly offset by reduced costs for early complications. Low-molecular-weight heparin treatment increased quality-adjusted life expectancy by approximately 0.02 years. The incremental cost-effectiveness of inpatient low-molecular-weight heparin treatment was $7820 per QALY gained. Treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin was cost saving when as few as 8% of patients were treated at home. Results of Sensitivity Analysis: When late complications were assumed to occur 25% less frequently in patients who received unfractionated heparin, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio increased to almost $75 000 per QALY gained. When late complications were assumed to occur 25% less frequently in patients who received low-molecular-weight heparin, this treatment resulted in a net cost savings. Inpatient low-molecular-weight heparin treatment became cost saving when its pharmacy cost was reduced by 31% or more, when it reduced the yearly incidence of late complications by at least 7%, when as few as 8% of patients were treated entirely as outpatients, or when at least 13% of patients were eligible for early discharge. Conclusions: Low-molecular-weight heparins are highly cost-effective for inpatient management of venous thrombosis. This treatment reduces costs when small numbers of patients are eligible for outpatient management.
Oliguria and Increased Intra-abdominal Pressure
Authors: James J. Gehrig
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  Clinicians should be aware that acute rises in intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) after surgical procedures or from other abdominal processes may be associated with oliguria or even anuria in the absence of apparent intravascular volume depletion.  Report of a Case.—  A 58-year-old morbidly obese woman underwent a ventral abdominal herniorrhaphy and panniculectomy, which was complicated by persistent respiratory failure, sepsis, and gastrointestinal tract bleeding. Renal function remained good, with a serum creatinine level of 1.5 mg/dL. Gastrointestinal tract bleeding recurred, and the patient was taken to surgery, where oversewing of two duodenal ulcers was performed. A previously placed polypropylene mesh abdominal wall graft was removed during the procedure, and, thus, the abdominal tissues were difficult to appose on closing the incision. The patient was hemodynamically stable during surgery, and urine output was 100 to 150 mL/hr. However, postoperatively over a period of 12 hours, oliguria and then anuria
Chorea and the Oral Contraceptives
Authors: D. Riddoch, M. Jefferson, E. R. Bickerstaff
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The case histories are reported of six women who developed chorea while taking oral contraceptive drugs. The chorea that results from taking compounds containing oestrogen and progestogen has many features in common with chorea gravidarum, and the pathogenesis is probably similar. In some of the patients, however, the sudden onset of symptoms suggests a vascular aetiology.
Disclosure of Risks and Uncertainties Are Especially Vital in Light of Regenerative Medicine
Authors: S. L. Niemansburg, M. G. J. L. Habets, J. J. M. van Delden, A. L. Bredenoord
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2014)

In “Is There an Ethical Obligation to Disclose Controversial Risk?” De Marco and colleagues (2014) discuss the disclosure of disputed evidence of serious risk to future research participants. We ag...
Herpes simplex virus and atopy in Finnish and Russian Karelian children
Authors: L. C. von Hertzen, P. T. Pekkarinen, T. Laatikainen, M. J. Mäkelä, T. Haahtela
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

To the Editors: 

Although the focus in the context of the hygiene hypothesis in explaining raised atopy prevalences has largely shifted from pathogens to commensals and saprophytes, the role of pathogens cannot be wholly ignored. Many pathogens are able to establish persistent or chronic infections, and have evolved strategies for immune evasion. A common immune subversion strategy used by such pathogens involves the increased production of the regulatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-10 and/or transforming growth factor-β by innate immune cells or via the generation of regulatory T (T-reg)-cells 1. These cytokines, by inhibiting/downregulating the function of antigen-presenting cells and effector T-cells, appear, in turn, to be crucial for the development of tolerance against allergens.

We assessed whether seropositivities to three pathogens known to readily establish persistent/chronic infections (Helicobacter pylori, Toxoplasma gondii , herpes simplex virus (HSV)) and to hepatitis …
Survival of the Unfittest
Authors: K. Collins
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Bernard Isaacs had the good fortune to enter the emerging specialty of geriatric medicine in the 1950s at Glasgow’s Stobhill Hospital, where Professor Ferguson Anderson and his colleagues understood the challenge of rehabilitating the elderly patients with chronic diseases who had been admitted to their wards. In 1975 Isaacs left Glasgow when he was appointed to the chair of geriatric medicine at Birmingham University. In his 15 years there Isaacs created a teaching programme for medical students and developed specialist training for doctors entering geriatric medicine. He set up a clinic to look …
Fabry Disease, an Under-Recognized Multisystemic Disorder: Expert Recommendations for Diagnosis, Management, and Enzyme Replacement Therapy
Authors: Robert J. Desnick
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Fabry disease (alpha-galactosidase A deficiency) is an X-linked recessive lysosomal storage disorder. Although the disease presents in childhood and culminates in cardiac, cerebrovascular, and end-stage renal disease, diagnosis is often delayed or missed. This paper reviews the key signs and symptoms of Fabry disease and provides expert recommendations for diagnosis, follow-up, medical management, and the use of enzyme replacement therapy. Recommendations are based on reviews of the literature on Fabry disease, results of recent clinical trials, and expertise of the authors, all of whom have extensive clinical experience with Fabry disease and lysosomal storage disorders and represent subspecialties involved in treatment. All males and female carriers affected with Fabry disease should be followed closely, regardless of symptoms or treatment status. Clinical trials have shown that recombinant human alpha-galactosidase A replacement therapy--the only disease-specific therapy currently available for Fabry disease--is safe and can reverse substrate storage in the lysosome, the pathophysiologic basis of the disease. Enzyme replacement therapy in all males with Fabry disease (including those with end-stage renal disease) and female carriers with substantial disease manifestations should be initiated as early as possible. Additional experience is needed before more specific recommendations can be made on optimal dosing regimens for reversal; maintenance; and prevention of disease manifestations in affected males, symptomatic carrier females, children, and patients with compromised renal function.
Chest Compression Alone Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Is Associated With Better Long-Term Survival Compared with Standard Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Florence Dumas, Thomas D. Rea, Carol Fahrenbruch, Marten Rosenqvist, Jonas Faxén, Leif Svensson, Mickey S. Eisenberg, Katarina Bohm
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Little is known about the long-term survival effects of type-specific bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the community. We hypothesized that dispatcher instruction consisting of chest compression alone would be associated with better overall long-term prognosis in comparison with chest compression plus rescue breathing.The investigation was a retrospective cohort study that combined 2 randomized trials comparing the short-term survival effects of dispatcher CPR instruction consisting either of chest compression alone or chest compression plus rescue breathing. Long-term vital status was ascertained by using the respective National and State death records through July 31, 2011. We performed Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression to evaluate survival according to the type of CPR instruction. Of the 2496 subjects included in the current investigation, 1243 (50%) were randomly assigned to chest compression alone and 1253 (50%) were randomly assigned to chest compression plus rescue breathing. Baseline characteristics were similar between the 2 CPR groups. During the 1153.2 person-years of follow-up, there were 2260 deaths and 236 long-term survivors. Randomization to chest compression alone in comparison with chest compression plus rescue breathing was associated with a lower risk of death after adjustment for potential confounders (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-0.99; P=0.02).The findings provide strong support for long-term mortality benefit of dispatcher CPR instruction strategy consisting of chest compression alone rather than chest compression plus rescue breathing among adult patients with cardiac arrest requiring dispatcher assistance.
Hypertension, preeclampsia and eclampsia among HIV-infected pregnant women from Latin America and Caribbean countries
Authors: Elizabeth Stankiewicz Machado, Margot R. Krauss, Karen Megazzini, Conrado Milani Coutinho, Regis Kreitchmann, Victor Hugo Melo, José Henrique Pilotto, Mariana Ceriotto, Cristina B. Hofer, George K. Siberry, D. Heather Watts
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)
The Effect of Zoledronic Acid on the Clinical Resolution of Charcot Neuroarthropathy
Authors: Toni-Karri Pakarinen, Heikki-Jussi Laine, Heikki Mäenpää, Pentti Mattila, Jorma Lahtela
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

To investigate the clinical efficacy of zoledronic acid in patients with diabetes and acute Charcot neuroarthropathy.Thirty-nine consecutive patients were randomly assigned to placebo or three intravenous infusions of 4 mg zoledronic acid. The primary outcome was clinical resolution of acute Charcot neuroarthropathy determined by total immobilization time (casting plus orthosis).At baseline, there was no significant difference between the randomly assigned groups with respect to Charcot disease activity or other baseline values. In the zoledronic acid group, the median time for total immobilization was 27 weeks (range 10-62), and in the placebo group it was 20 weeks (20-52) (P=0.02).Zoledronic acid had no beneficial effect on the clinical resolution of acute Charcot neuroarthropathy in terms of total immobilization time. It is possible that it may prolong the time to clinical resolution of Charcot neuroarthropathy.