tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Red Cell—Production, Metabolism, Destruction: Normal and Abnormal
Authors: Ward D. Noyes
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The contemporary mode in medical science is to analyze the basic underlying mechanisms for disease. In hematology, many investigators may be said to be right on in such areas as sickle cell disease, immune hemolysis, or the anemia of renal disease. However, for many physicians these new data are barely comprehensible and very difficult to incorporate as working knowledge relevant to patients. In the revised edition of The Red Cell , Drs. Harris and Kellermeyer clearly unfold the accumulating evidence and develop our present concepts of red cell disease. From the common disorders such as iron deficiency and hemoglobin variants to uncommon diseases of the red cell membrane or porphyrin synthesis, each aberration of red cell synthesis, metabolism, and destruction is thoroughly and equitably examined. Clinical descriptions are used primarily as a framework for understanding the molecular and physiologic mechanisms underneath. A massive bibliography enables the inquisitive to poke further into
Advances in Pancreatic Disease, Molecular Biology, Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: A N Kingsnorth
Journal: Gut (1997)

tion for both radiologist and gastroenterolo- gist, as well as providing a prompt service with appropriate quality.In my heart I know that the comments by Dr Vallance are correct when he highlights the potential difficulties and drawbacks that may result from ultrasound examinations being undertaken by practitioners other than skilled trained radiologists.In my head, however, I recognise that there are other arguments that must be resolved.Some gastroenterologists and indeed clinicians in other specialties, do genuinely wish to provide an ultrasound serv- ice and this wish has been given validity by the declaration of the European Board of Gastro- enterology that ultrasound should be part of the training programme for gastroenterologists.Neither radiologists individually nor col- lectively through their Royal College, are in a position to prevent non-radiologists from using ultrasound for diagnosis and therefore we find ourselves in a position in which we can adopt one of three responses.Radiologists can ignore the needs of non- radiologists to train in ultrasound and decline to be involved in such training.In doing this we will deny to non-radiologists an under- standing of our own skills, which contribute to a quality service and we may thus contrib- ute to the poor quality non-radiological serv- ice which we fear.Radioloists may believe that because non- radiological ultrasound training is in vogue, that we should simply keep our heads down for a while in the hope that the fashion will pass, but again we risk the development of a second rate service without our contribution.Thirdly, we could permit our non- radiologist colleagues free access to our skills.Of course we do this already by providing a service for them and their patients, but we should extend this to the provision of training, so that the service which non-radiologists provide is of sufficient standard to fulfil radi- oloists' definition of quality.Additionally the links forged between radiologist and non- radiologist during training should contribute to more open communication, which must be to the ultimate benefit of our patients.I believe that the responsible and logical reaction of radiologists to the wishes of some non-radiologists to train in ultrasound, is to provide them with sensible achievable guide- lines for training so that radiologist and non- radiologist can work together to provide what the patient needs, a rapid ultrasound service of appropriate quality.
Inflammatory breast carcinoma (carcinoma erysipeloides): an easily overlooked diagnosis
Authors: L.J. FINKEL, C.E.M. GRIFFITHS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

A 70‐year‐old woman developed erythema and induration of the right chest wall, and swelling of her right arm. The provisional diagnosis was deep venous thrombosis and for cellulitis of the right arm. Skin biopsy showed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma within lymphatic vessels, and immunohistochemical staining revealed this to be of breast origin. Inflammatory carcinoma or carcinoma erysipeloides represents 1% of all cases of breast carcinoma. Our case illustrates the importance of considering this entity in the differential diagnosis of unilateral chest wall erythema and induration.
Exercise-Induced ST-Segment Elevation in ECG Lead aVR Is a Useful Indicator of Significant Left Main or Ostial LAD Coronary Artery Stenosis
Authors: Shanmugam Uthamalingam, Hui Zheng, Marcia Leavitt, Eugene Pomerantsev, Imad Ahmado, Gagandeep S. Gurm, Henry Gewirtz
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2011)
Hooked! Modeling human disease in zebrafish
Authors: Cristina Santoriello, Leonard I. Zon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Zebrafish have been widely used as a model system for studying developmental processes, but in the last decade, they have also emerged as a valuable system for modeling human disease. The development and function of zebrafish organs are strikingly similar to those of humans, and the ease of creating mutant or transgenic fish has facilitated the generation of disease models. Here, we highlight the use of zebrafish for defining disease pathways and for discovering new therapies.
Pulmonary Tuberculosis after Subtotal Gastrectomy
Authors: Stanton T. Allison
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

IN a large tuberculosis hospital (615 beds) I have been impressed by the number of patients who have been admitted in the last few years with active pulmonary tuberculosis after subtotal gastrectomy for peptic ulcer.One of the chief factors leading to this chronic infection is lack of resistance. Starvation, faulty assimilation of ingested food, metabolic imbalance, long-continued stress and poor hygienic surroundings seem to favor the development of tuberculosis.When, as clinical director of the United States Navy Hospital Ship, Benevolence, it was my privilege to assist in screening 1500 recently liberated prisoners of war in Japan at the . . .
Phthirus pubis Infestation of the Eyelashes-Reply
Authors: Melvin H. Kirschner
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> When I wrote my original letter regarding<i>P pubis</i>of the eyelashes last year, it was not my purpose to get involved in a discussion of age and sex distribution. Rather, it was to alert the physician to the fact that an unresponsive "blepharitis" or "conjunctivitis" could prove to be<i>P pubis</i>infestation of the eyelashes when examined with a magnifying lens. In my clinical experience, eyelash infestation occurs in adults as well as children, and this seems to be confirmed by case reports in the literature. Goldman<sup>1</sup>reported six juvenile cases of infestation of both eyelashes and scalp. He noted that "involvement of the scalp should be suspected in children with infestation of the cilia." Four cases reported by Couch et al<sup>2</sup>all involved adults. Regarding body distribution, Orkin<sup>3</sup>suggested that "predilection of the 'crabs' for pubic hairs is probably related to hair density... the
Very Low Doses of Warfarin Can Prevent Thrombosis in Central Venous Catheters
Authors: Murray M. Bern
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Objective: To determine whether very low doses of warfarin are useful in thrombosis prophylaxis in patients with central venous catheters. Design: Patients at risk for thrombosis associated with chronic indwelling central venous catheters were prospectively and randomly assigned to receive or not to receive 1 mg of warfarin, beginning 3 days before catheter insertion and continuing for 90 days. Subclavian, innominate, and superior vena cava venograms were done at onset of thrombosis symptoms or after 90 days in the study. Results: One hundred twenty-one patients entered the study, and 82 patients completed the study. Of 42 patients completing the study while receiving warfarin, 4 had venogram-proven thrombosis. All 4 had symptoms from thrombosis. Of 40 patients completing the study while not receiving warfarin, 15 had venogram-proven thrombosis, and 10 had symptoms from thrombosis (P < 0.001). There were no measurable changes in the coagulation values assayed due to this warfarin dose, except in occasional patients who had become anorectic because of their disease or chemotherapy. Conclusions: Very low doses of warfarin can protect against thrombosis without inducing a hemorrhagic state. This approach may be applicable to other groups of patients.
Abstract 2356: Investigating the role of mammalian RNA binding protein Musashi-2 (MSI2) in breast cancer invasion and nodal metastasis
Authors: Nick Holzapfel, Ranju Nair, Susan J. Done
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Previous array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) studies in our lab have shown that chromosomal gains on 17q22-24.2 are associated with invasion when detected in duct carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and nodal metastasis when detected in invasive duct carcinoma (IDC). Of nine candidate genes identified within this region, MSI2 was selected for further study. MSI2 is a Musashi family RNA binding protein that translationally regulates target mRNAs. RNAi screens have indicated that MSI2 down regulation impairs hematopoietic stem cell repopulation. Other studies implicate its role in leukemia and colon cancer. Downstream targets of the MSI2 homologue MSI1, have shown a strong correlation with cancer related processes through their roles in cell cycle modulation, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. MSI1 has also been shown to modulate WNT and Notch signaling through its interactions with the Notch inhibitor NUMB and the WNT antagonist DKK3. Invasion, migration, and proliferation assays were carried out in the breast cancer cell lines MDA231 and MCF7 over-expressing MSI2. These cell lines were also transfected with the TOPflash TCF reporter plasmid to investigate the effect of MSI2 over-expression on WNT signaling. To investigate the effects of WNT signaling on MSI2, MDA231 cell lines were treated with the human WNT agonist WNT-3a and MSI2 levels were quantified via western blotting. RNA immunoprecipitation was performed to analyze the downstream targets of MSI2. To investigate the role of MSI2 in breast stem and progenitor cell populations, cell lines were grown as non-adherent mammospheres. MSI2 RNA levels in mammospheres were compared via qRT-PCR. Lastly, the expression of a panel of stem cell markers was compared between cells over-expressing MSI2 and GFP controls via qRT-PCR. Our results show MSI2 over-expressing MCF7 and MDA231 cells have increased levels of proliferation, migration, and invasion. MSI2 over-expressing cells also up-regulate several putative stem cell markers including Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM), CD133, and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase. MSI2 levels are significantly enhanced in mammosphere culture and MSI2 over-expressing cells have demonstrated an increase in mammosphere forming capabilities. We believe MSI2 plays an important role in breast cancer through its modulation of RNA translation and subsequent regulation of WNT signaling and stem cell biology. MSI2 represents a promising therapeutic target which could be used to block breast cancer invasion and metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2356. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2356
Expression of Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoproteins A2 and B1 in the Thyroid Follicular Cells
Authors: Yukiko Yano, WenWen Wu, Hiroshi Kamma, Masachika Fujiwara, Hisato Hara, Tohru Yashiro, Ei Ueno, Masanao Miwa, Yuji Aiyoshi
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2005)
High dose triazolam and anterograde amnesia.
Authors: M. Ansseau, P. F. Poncelet, D. Schmitz
Journal: BMJ (1992)

asthma need to be appraised critically.For example, the number of admissions to hospital is often used as evidence of bad care of asthma in general practice.Admission to hospital may, however, often be appropriate.If we can remove the stigma attached to admissions for acute asthma generated by general practitioners junior hospital doctors may take our referrals for admission more seriously.
Effect of the new HJV-L165X mutation on penetrance of HFE
Authors: Boukje A. C. van Dijk, Erwin H. J. M. Kemna, Harold Tjalsma, Siem M. Klaver, Erwin T. G. Wiegerinck, Jan-Pieter Goossens, Peter H. Th. J. Slee, Martijn H. Breuning, Dorine W. Swinkels
Journal: Blood (2007)
Mountain-Climbing Accidents in the United States
Authors: B. G. Ferris
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

THOSE who consider mountain climbing extremely hazardous will cite the 268 deaths in the Alps in 1961 in support of their position. This, however, does not give an adequate description of the problem since a number of factors must be considered.Data on individual accidents have been obtained by the American Alpine Club by means of a special report form filled out by the person involved, a witness or a third party who had acquired the information from the preceding group or had participated in the rescue. To calculate an accident rate the various mountain-climbing groups were asked for the . . .
Red blood cell alloimmunization in sickle cell disease: The influence of racial and antigenic pattern differences between donors and recipients in Brazil
Authors: Gilberto Moreira, José O. Bordin, Akemi Kuroda, José Kerbauy
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are widely used in the management of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). However, repeated RBC transfusions are often complicated by RBC alloimmunization. To investigate whether the frequency of RBC alloimmunization could be accounted for by racial and RBC phenotype differences between donors and recipients in Brazil, in this study we compared the RBC phenotype of 100 SCD patients with that observed in 120 randomly selected blood donors. A comparison of the RBC phenotype between the two groups revealed a statistically significant increase in the frequency of the C antigen in the donor population (P < 0.01), but no significant difference was observed for the A,B,D,c,E,e,K,k,Fya,M,N,S,s, and Jka antigens. Using standard techniques (indirect antiglobulin test, enzyme treatment, and low-ionic-strength solution) we observed an RBC alloimmunization rate of 12.9% (11/85) in the SCD patients. Fifteen alloantibodies were detected in 11 patients, and most (80%) involved antigens in the Rhesus and Kell systems. This observed RBC alloimmunization rate in SCD patients in Brazil is lower than that reported by studies from North America, suggesting that the requirement for extended antigen-matched RBC transfusion for SCD patients in the setting of a RBC phenotype concordant donor-recipient population may not be cost-effective in some countries.
Old remedy proves useful for heart attacks
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>BACKGROUND:</h3> Ventilatory inefficiency increases ventilatory demand; corresponds to an abnormal increase in the ratio of minute ventilation (V̇<sub>E</sub>) to CO<sub>2</sub> production (V̇<sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub>); represents increased dead space, deregulation of respiratory control, and early lactic threshold; and is associated with expiratory flow limitation that enhances dynamic hyperinflation and may limit exercise capacity. <h3>OBJECTIVE:</h3> To evaluate the influence of ventilatory inefficiency over exercise capacity in COPD patients. <h3>METHODS:</h3> Prospective study of 35 COPD subjects with different levels of severity, in whom cardiopulmonary stress test was performed. Ventilatory inefficiency was represented by the V̇<sub>E</sub>/V̇<sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub> relation. Its influence over maximal oxygen consumption (V̇<sub>O<sub>2</sub></sub>max), power (W), and ventilatory threshold was evaluated. Surrogate parameters of cardiac function, like oxygen pulse (V̇<sub>O<sub>2</sub></sub>/heart rate) and circulatory power (%V̇<sub>O<sub>2</sub></sub>max × peak systolic pressure), were also evaluated. <h3>RESULTS:</h3> Cardiopulmonary stress test was stopped due to dyspnea with elevated V̇<sub>E</sub> and marked reduction of breathing reserve. A severe increase in V̇<sub>E</sub>/V̇<sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub> (mean ± SD 35.9 ± 5.6), a decrease of V̇<sub>O<sub>2</sub></sub>max (mean ± SD 75.2 ± 20%), and a decrease of W (mean ± SD 68.6 ± 23.3%) were demonstrated. Twenty-eight patients presented dynamic hyperinflation. Linear regression showed a reduction of 2.04% on V̇<sub>O<sub>2</sub></sub>max (<i>P</i> &lt; .001), 2.6% on W (<i>P</i> &lt; .001), 1% on V̇<sub>O<sub>2</sub></sub>/heart rate (<i>P</i> = .049), and 322.7 units on circulatory power (<i>P</i> = .02) per each unit of increment in V̇<sub>E</sub>/V̇<sub>CO<sub>2</sub></sub>, respectively. <h3>CONCLUSIONS:</h3> Ventilatory inefficiency correlates with a reduction in exercise capacity in COPD patients. Including this parameter in the evaluation of exercise limitation in this patient population may mean a contribution toward the understanding of its pathophysiology.
Pragmatism on food means compromising health
Authors: J. C. Landon
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Winkler calls for “an outbreak of pragmatism”—ditching “ineffectual” and “politically unacceptable” policies—to deal with obesity and dietary ill health.1 Nobody wants ineffectual policies, but discouraging politically unpalatable or business opposed policies is negligent and short sighted.

Instead, Winkler calls for voluntary measures from the food industry. He cites the success of voluntary salt reduction in food products, but he should …
Social Vulnerability and Death by Infection
Authors: Harvey V. Fineberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Obviously, the equilibrium between man and the tubercle bacillus is very precarious. If war can so rapidly upset it, other unforeseen events might also cause recurrences of the tuberculosis epidemic in the Western world. . . . In the final analysis, the fight against tuberculosis can be carried along two independent approaches, by preventing the spread of the bacilli through procedures of public health, and by increasing the resistance of man through a proper way of life.René and Jean Dubos, The White Plague Nearly a half-century after René and Jean Dubos wrote these words,1 tuberculosis continues to cause more . . .
Screening for Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Linda Hershey
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  In the editorial by DePaulo entitled Psychiatric Morbidity From Long-term Medications (1982;247:1867), he recommends the use of standardized and structured examinations to identify and quantitate psychopathological and cognitive impairment. While we fully agree with this approach, we would caution that the information obtained from two of these instruments, the Cognitive Capacity Screening Examination (CCSE) 1 and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), 2 might be different.  To date, we have used these screening tests on 25 patients with a variety of CNS degenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Alzheimer's dementia. None of these patients had clouding of consciousness at the time of examination. They ranged in age from 19 to 82 years (mean, 66.2 years). The two tests were administered on separate occasions, in random sequence, and usually within a three-month interval.
SILDENAFIL INHIBITS VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELL PROLIFERATION AND PLATELET AGGREGATION VIA ACTIVATION OF PROTEIN KINASE G (PKG), RESULTING IN REDUCING NEOINTIMAL HYPERPLASIA AFTER ANGIOPLASTY
Authors: Han-Mo Yang, Jung-kyu Han, Sang Eun Lee, Sahmin Lee, Kyung Woo Park, Hyun-Jae Kang, Bon Kwon Koo, Byung-Hee Oh, Young-Bae Park, Hyo-Soo Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Cytokine modulators as novel therapies for airway disease
Authors: P.J. Barnes
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

Cytokines play a critical role in orchestrating and perpetuating inflammation in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and several specific cytokine and chemokine inhibitors are now in development for the future therapy of these diseases. Anti-interleukin (IL)‐5 is very effective at reducing peripheral blood and airway eosinophil numbers, but does not appear to be effective against symptomatic asthma. Inhibition of IL‐4 with soluble IL‐4 receptors has shown promising early results in asthma. Inhibitory cytokines, such as IL-10, interferons and IL-12 are less promising, as systemic delivery causes side-effects. Inhibition of tumour necrosis factor‐α may be useful in severe asthma and for treating severe COPD with systemic features. Many chemokines are involved in the inflammatory response of asthma and COPD and several low-molecular-weight inhibitors of chemokine receptors are in development. CCR3 antagonists (which block eosinophil chemotaxis) and CXCR2 antagonists (which block neutrophil and monocyte chemotaxis) are in clinical development for the treatment of asthma and COPD respectively. Because so many cytokines are involved in asthma, drugs that inhibit the synthesis of multiple cytokines may prove to be more useful; several such classes of drug are now in clinical development and any risk of side-effects with these nonspecific inhibitors may be reduced by the use of inhalational route of delivery.
Normokalemic Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Jerome W. Conn
Journal: JAMA (1965)

In the recent past, one of us<sup>1</sup>has marshaled circumstantial evidence to support his conviction that about 20% of patients with "essential" hypertension harbor a small, aldosterone-secreting adrenal cortical tumor as its cause. Careful retrospective study, during the past 11 years, of our cases of proved primary aldosteronism had convinced us that many of these patients had not had hypokalemia until shortly (one to two years) before we saw them. Yet hypertension had been present for 10 to 15 years and was cured by removal of the adrenal adenoma. This meant that such patients would have had to be classified as having "essential" hypertension during those preceding years, and that hypokalemia and severe potassium depletion are late manifestations of an underlying process which has been active for many years. It became increasingly clear to us that our own insistence on the demonstration of persistent hypokalemia as a major diagnostic
Meta-analysis of Alcohol and Risk of Breast Cancer
Authors: Lynn Rosenberg
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Longnecker and colleagues<sup>1</sup>have applied meta-analysis to the question of whether alcohol consumption influences the risk of breast cancer. It makes sense to use this technique for combining data across studies when the studies are randomized trials. Randomization tends to equalize potential confounding factors across the comparison groups; these factors might otherwise distort the results. If each study is valid but too small to give a precise estimate, then combining the results gives a more precise answer, and a valid one. Of course, one cannot randomly assign alcohol consumption, so that all studies of alcohol and breast cancer have been observational. Confounding factors were not equalized across the groups by randomization; instead, they were controlled. For each study, one must decide whether the observed results might be due to some distorting factor. In the case of alcohol and breast cancer, this is a particularly difficult