tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Screening for chlamydial infections and the risk of ectopic pregnancy in a county in Sweden: ecological analysis
Authors: M. Egger, N. Low, G. D. Smith, B. Lindblom, B. Herrmann
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To analyse trends in rates of genital chlamydial infection and ectopic pregnancy between 1985 and 1995 in a county in Sweden. <b>Setting:</b> Uppsala county where screening for chlamydial infection, treatment, and contact tracing has been widespread and where ectopic pregnancies are recorded. <b>Methods:</b> Rates of chlamydial infections and ectopic pregnancy between 1985 and 1995 were calculated for women aged 20-39 years. Poisson and linear regression were used to examine the association between the risk of ectopic pregnancy and the current rates of chlamydial infection and rates of chlamydial infection from up to 5 years earlier. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Rates of chlamydial infection per 100 examinations, rates of ectopic pregnancy per 1000 pregnancies, rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals for an increase in chlamydial infections of 5 new cases per 100 examinations. <b>Results:</b> 103 870 cervical samples from women aged 15-39 years were analysed; 5648 (5.4%) were positive for chlamydia. 51 630 pregnancies were analysed; 930 (1.8%) were ectopic. Both rates declined over time. For women aged 20-24 years there was a strong correlation between the rate of ectopic pregnancy and the rate of chlamydial infection in the same year (<i>r</i>=0.93, P&lt;0.001); among older women correlations were stronger with rates of chlamydial infection occurring 1 or 2 years earlier. In Poisson regression ectopic pregnancy was most strongly associated with the current rate of chlamydial infection among women aged 20-24 (rate ratio 1.85, 95% confidence interval 1.44 to 2.38), with the rate of infection 1 year earlier among 25-29 year olds (rate ratio 1.72, 1.33 to 2.22) and 30-34 year olds (rate ratio 2.27, 1.53 to 3.37); and with the rate 2 years earlier among 35 to 39 year olds (rate ratio 2.58, 1.45 to 4.60). <b>Conclusions:</b> Declining rates of genital chlamydial infections have probably led to a fall in the rate of ectopic pregnancies. The timing of the decline in the rate of ectopic pregnancies varies with age. Among young women falling rates of chlamydial infection have been accompanied by an immediate reduction in the rate of ectopic pregnancy. <h3>Key messages</h3> The effect of measures to diagnose and treat genital chlamydial infections on the risk of ectopic pregnancy was examined in a county in Sweden Rates of chlamydial infection and ectopic pregnancy both declined between 1985 and 1995 Chlamydial infections seem to be the main cause of ectopic pregnancy in young women; the risk of ectopic pregnancy decreased concurrently with the decline in chlamydial infections In older women the associations were less pronounced
Unmet Need for Medical Care
Authors: Leonard S. Rosenfeld, Avedis Donabedian, Jacob Katz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

INCREASING amounts of money and effort are being expended on the organization and provision of medical services, as well as on research and professional education. Practicing physicians, hospital, medical-care and public-health administrators, as well as many other groups, are deeply absorbed in the day-to-day task of meeting medical-care needs. Nevertheless, there are few yardsticks for measuring how effective these efforts are in terms of the potentialities of medicine. The possible value of such yardsticks in maintaining and improving standards of service seem self-evident.This report is based on a series of three studies designed to measure the distribution of unmet . . .
GLP-1 receptor activation improves β cell function and survival following induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Bernardo Yusta, Laurie L. Baggio, Jennifer L. Estall, Jackie A. Koehler, Dianne P. Holland, Hongyun Li, Danny Pipeleers, Zhidong Ling, Daniel J. Drucker
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2006)
Therapeutic potential of acyclovir and of the interferons in HBV-related chronic active hepatitis due to HBV with or without HDV superinfection
Authors: C. Trépo, D. Ouzan, T. Fontanges, M. Chevallier, P. Chossegros, F. Degos, P. Chevallier, O. Hantz
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1986)
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Alleviated Positioning after Small Macular Hole Surgery
Authors: Ramin Tadayoni, Eric Vicaut, François Devin, Catherine Creuzot-Garcher, Jean-Paul Berrod, Yannick Le Mer, Jean-François Korobelnik, Mounir Aout, Pascale Massin, Alain Gaudric
Journal: Ophthalmology (2010)
Risk for Complications After Transthoracic Needle Lung Biopsy
Authors: Renda Soylemez Wiener, H. Gilbert Welch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Letters6 December 2011Risk for Complications After Transthoracic Needle Lung BiopsyRenda Soylemez Wiener, MD, MPH and H. Gilbert Welch, MD, MPHRenda Soylemez Wiener, MD, MPHFrom The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02218, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, VT 05009.Search for more papers by this author and H. Gilbert Welch, MD, MPHFrom The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02218, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, VT 05009.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-11-201112060-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We appreciate Dr. Leong's interest in our study. We recognize that newer bronchoscopic techniques guided by endobronchial ultrasonography or electromagnetic navigation may be considered, if available, when the clinician is deciding how to evaluate a patient with a pulmonary nodule. However, we were unable to include these procedures in our analysis because they do not have dedicated International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Volume 9, procedure codes assigned to them. We therefore cannot comment on use or complication rates of these procedures.We fully agree with Dr. Leong that individual characteristics must be considered when ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Renda Soylemez Wiener, MD, MPH; H. Gilbert Welch, MD, MPHAffiliations: From The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02218, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, VT 05009.Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M10-2560. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPopulation-Based Risk for Complications After Transthoracic Needle Lung Biopsy of a Pulmonary Nodule: An Analysis of Discharge Records Renda Soylemez Wiener , Lisa M. Schwartz , Steven Woloshin , and H. Gilbert Welch Risk for Complications After Transthoracic Needle Lung Biopsy Steven Leong Metrics Cited byRole of Computed Tomography-guided Biopsies in the Era of Electromagnetic Navigational Bronchoscopy: A Retrospective Study of Factors Predicting Diagnostic Yield in Electromagnetic Navigational Bronchoscopy and Computed Tomography Biopsies 6 December 2011Volume 155, Issue 11Page: 796KeywordsBiopsyConflicts of interestDatabasesDisclosureHealth statisticsLung and intrathoracic tumorsMedical risk factorsRisk managementUltrasound imaging ePublished: 6 December 2011 Issue Published: 6 December 2011 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Toxic potential of the plasticizer Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in the context of its disposition and metabolism in primates and man.
Authors: C C Peck, P W Albro
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

Although human toxicity from exposure to the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is unknown, reports of animal toxicity from DEHP have stimulated extensive toxicological studies. In the absence of direct toxicity data, information on the disposition and metabolism of DEHP in primates and man may enhance our assessment of the toxic potential of DEHP in man. Studies of DEHP disposition and metabolism in the African Green monkey and man show that the compound is rapidly and extensively metabolized. It is excreted largely in the urine (greater than 90%) as conjugated (glucuronide) oxidation products of mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; excretion in feces accounts for the other 10% of the administered DEHP. Plasma disappearance of parenterally administered DEHP is equally rapid so that by 24 hr following DEHP administration, plasma DEHP concentrations are virtually undetectable, while greater than 70% of the dose has been excreted in urine and stool. The transience of DEHP in primates and the extent to which it is metabolized and conjugated may play a role in the observed lack of toxicity.
The Failure of Antihistaminic Drugs to Prevent or Cure the Common Cold and Undifferentiated Respiratory Diseases
Authors: A. E. Feller, George F. Badger, Richard G. Hodges, William S. Jordan, Charles H. Rammelkamp, John H. Dingle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

THE value of the antihistaminic drugs in the treatment and prevention of the common cold and undifferentiated respiratory diseases has been investigated as follows: by observation of the effect of the drugs in naturally occurring respiratory infections; and by determination of the influence of the drugs on the occurrence and subsequent course of common colds developing after the experimental inoculation of normal volunteers. In neither type of study have the drugs proved to be effective. The procedures employed and the results obtained in the two studies are presented below under separate headings.Use of Antihistaminic Drugs in Naturally Occurring Respiratory . . .
Silicone-Covered Expandable Metallic Stents in the Esophagus: An Experimental Study
Authors: K. F. Binmoeller, M. Maeda, D. Lieberman, R. M. Katon, K. Ivancev, J. Rösch
Journal: Endoscopy (1992)

Modified silicone-covered Gianturco expandable metallic stents were placed in the normal esophagus of six young pigs. Following endoscopic examination, the stents were placed using endoscopic and fluoroscopic control. The animals were observed for eating behavior and weight gain. Stents appeared to be tolerated well based on these parameters. Three stents remained in position for the full study period, and three stents migrated into the stomach during the study. The pigs were sacrificed at four weeks and postmortem examination performed. Esophageal wall thickening and nodular inflammation were noted at the sites where the wire skirts penetrated the mucosa. Injury was limited to the region of the wire skirts and there was no injury due to the radial force of the stent body. There was no free perforation. This preliminary study suggests that endoscopic and fluoroscopic placement of modified silicone-covered Gianturco stents in the esophagus is feasible and safe. More extensive animal studies, followed by clinical investigation for palliation of malignant strictures, are warranted.
Long-term Outcomes of Salvage Lymph Node Dissection for Clinically Recurrent Prostate Cancer: Results of a Single-institution Series with a Minimum Follow-up of 5 Years
Authors: Nazareno Suardi, Giorgio Gandaglia, Andrea Gallina, Ettore Di Trapani, Vincenzo Scattoni, Damiano Vizziello, Vito Cucchiara, Roberto Bertini, Renzo Colombo, Maria Picchio, Giampiero Giovacchini, Francesco Montorsi, Alberto Briganti
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Intense Esophageal FDG Activity Caused by Candida Infection Obscured the Concurrent Primary Esophageal Cancer on PET Imaging
Authors: Sankaran Shrikanthan, Aysel Aydin, Thiruvenkatasamy Dhurairaj, Abass Alavi, Hongming Zhuang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Esophageal cancer frequently causes a focal intense FDG uptake on positron emission tomography (PET) imaging while esophagitis often results in a mild to moderate degree of FDG activity in a diffuse pattern. However, detection of an esophageal cancer can become difficult in the presence of a diffuse esophageal activity because of esophagitis. We present such case in which esophageal cancer superimposed by Candidal esophagitis is difficult to recognize on FDG PET images.
Engineering Polymeric Microparticles as Theranostic Carriers for Selective Delivery and Cancer Therapy
Authors: Khin Yin Win, Enyi Ye, Choon Peng Teng, Shan Jiang, Ming‐Yong Han
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Multifunctional polymeric nano- and microparticles are engineered as theranostic carriers and their selective size-dependent cellular uptake is demonstrated. It is found that effective uptake and accumulation of nanoparticles occurs in both normal and cancer cells, whereas, that of microparticles occurs in cancer cells but not in normal cells, allowing cancer cells to be specifically targeted for local drug delivery.
Ten-Year Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease in Relation to Cholesterol Level among Men with and without Preexisting Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Juha Pekkanen, Shai Linn, Gerardo Heiss, Chirayath M. Suchindran, Arthur Leon, Basil M. Rifkind, Herman A. Tyroler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

To determine the associations of total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol with mortality from coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease, we studied 2541 white men who were 40 to 69 years old at base line and followed them for an average of 10.1 years. Seventeen percent had some manifestation of cardiovascular disease at base line, whereas the others did not.
The Febrile Child: Clinical Management of Fever and Other Types of Pyrexia
Authors: Hugh A. Carithers
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Thanks are due to Martin I. Lorin, MD, associate professor of pediatrics at Baylor College of Medicine, author of this superior treatise on fever, for using the Fahrenheit scale with centigrade values in parentheses throughout. The book is logically organized, with one third dealing with pathophysiology, the middle portion with clinical relevance, and the last part with symptomatic therapy.  With a semihard cover and pleasant type and margins, the book has extensive references and an adequate index. One feels that Dr Lorin has exhaustively reviewed the English literature on the subject of fever in preparing the test.  The current concept of why fever develops in mammals is explained. The thermoregulatory center of the brain located in the preoptic region of the anterior hypothalamus (POAH) has a   that acts as a stabilizer. By far the most common modifier of the set point is endogenous pyrogen, a substance released by
Death and Injury From Landmines and Unexploded Ordnance in Afghanistan
Authors: Oleg O. Bilukha
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Afghanistan is one of the countries most affected by injuries due to landmines and unexploded ordnance.To understand the epidemiological patterns and risk factors for injury due to landmines and unexploded ordnance.Analysis of surveillance data on landmine and unexploded ordnance injuries in Afghanistan collected by the International Committee of the Red Cross in 390 health facilities in Afghanistan. Surveillance data were used to describe injury trends, injury types, demographics, and risk behaviors of those injured and explosive types related to landmine and unexploded ordnance incidents.A total of 1636 individuals injured by landmines and unexploded ordnance, March 2001 through June 2002.Eighty-one percent of those injured were civilians, 91.6% were men and boys, and 45.9% were younger than 16 years. Children were more likely to be injured by unexploded ordnance (which includes grenades, bombs, mortar shells, and cluster munitions), whereas adults were injured mostly by landmines. The most common risk behaviors for children were playing and tending animals; for adults, these risk behaviors were military activity and activities of economic necessity (eg, farming, traveling). The case-fatality rate of 9.4% is probably underestimated because surveillance predominantly detects those who survive long enough to receive medical care.Landmine risk education should focus on hazards due to unexploded ordnance for children and on landmine hazards for adults and should address age-specific risk behaviors. Expanding community-based and clinic-based reporting will improve the sensitivity and representativeness of surveillance.
RasGRP3 Contributes to Formation and Maintenance of the Prostate Cancer Phenotype
Authors: Dazhi Yang, Noemi Kedei, Luowei Li, Juan Tao, Julia F. Velasquez, Aleksandra M. Michalowski, Balázs I. Tóth, Rita Marincsák, Attila Varga, Tamás Bíró, Stuart H. Yuspa, Peter M. Blumberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

RasGRP3 mediates the activation of the Ras signaling pathway that is present in many human cancers. Here, we explored the involvement of RasGRP3 in the formation and maintenance of the prostate cancer phenotype. RasGRP3 expression was elevated in multiple human prostate tumor tissue samples and in the human androgen-independent prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and DU 145 compared with the androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. Downregulation of endogenous RasGRP3 in PC-3 and DU 145 cells reduced Ras-GTP formation, inhibited cell proliferation, impeded cell migration, and induced apoptosis. Anchorage-independent growth of the PC-3 cells and tumor formation in mouse xenografts of both cell lines were likewise inhibited. Inhibition of RasGRP3 expression reduced AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation and sensitized the cells to killing by carboplatin. Conversely, exogenous RasGRP3 elevated Ras-GTP, stimulated proliferation, and provided resistance to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced apoptosis in LNCaP cells. RasGRP3-overexpressing LNCaP cells displayed a markedly enhanced rate of xenograft tumor formation in both male and female mice compared with the parental line. Suppression of RasGRP3 expression in these cells inhibited downstream RasGRP3 responses, caused the cells to resume the LNCaP morphology, and suppressed growth, confirming the functional role of RasGRP3 in the altered behavior of these cells. We conclude that RasGRP3 contributes to the malignant phenotype of the prostate cancer cells and may constitute a novel therapeutic target for human prostate cancer.
The offspring of people with a total knee replacement for severe primary knee osteoarthritis have a higher risk of worsening knee pain over 8 years
Authors: Feng Pan, Changhai Ding, Tania Winzenberg, Hussain Khan, Johanne Martel-Pelletier, Jean-Pierre Pelletier, Flavia Cicuttini, Graeme Jones
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

To investigate whether offspring having at least one parent with a total knee replacement for severe primary knee osteoarthritis (OA) have an increased risk of worsening knee pain over 8 years as compared with controls with no family history of knee OA.A total of 219 participants (mean age 48 years, range 29-61 years) with 115 offspring and 104 controls participated in this study. Knee pain was respectively assessed using Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) at 2 years and 10 years. T1-weighted or T2-weighted fat saturated MRI of the right knee was performed to assess knee cartilage defects, bone marrow lesions, effusion, meniscal extrusion and tears.Compared with controls, the prevalence of knee pain for offspring was similar at 2 years (56% vs 54%, p=0.764) and higher at 10 years (74% vs 54%, p=0.002). Over 8 years, offspring more frequently had an increase in total knee pain (66% vs 41% ≥1 point increase, p=0.003) and in all subscales apart from walking (all p<0.05). In multivariable analysis, after adjustment for confounders and structural factors, offspring had an elevated risk of worsening total knee pain (OR=2.16, 95% CI 1.14 to 4.12), as well as each subscale except for walking and standing (OR=1.95 to 3.30, all p<0.05).Offspring with a family history of knee OA have an increased risk of worsening knee pain, which is independent of structural factors, suggesting that genetic factors may be involved in the pathogenesis of knee pain.
Effect of maraviroc on non-R5 tropic HIV-1: refined analysis of subjects from the phase IIb study A4001029
Authors: M. Surdo, C. Alteri, M.C. Puertas, P. Saccomandi, L. Parrotta, L. Swenson, D. Chapman, G. Costa, A. Artese, E. Balestra, S. Aquaro, S. Alcaro, M. Lewis, B. Clotet, R. Harrigan, H. Valdez, V. Svicher, C.F. Perno, J. Martinez-Picado, F. Ceccherini-Silberstein
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2014)
Enzyme replacement therapy by fibroblast transplantation: long-term biochemical study in three cases of Hunter's syndrome.
Authors: M F Dean, R L Stevens, H Muir, P F Benson, L R Button, R L Anderson, A Boylston, J Mowbray
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

We have assessed the effectiveness of transplanted histocompatible fibroblasts as a long-lived source of lysosomal enzymes for replacement therapy in three patients with Hunter's syndrome, over periods ranging from 2.5 to 3.75 yr. The level of Hunter corrective factor excreted by all three patients increased after transplantation, as did the activity of alpha-L-idurono-2-sulfate sulfatase in serum, when measured directly with a radioactive disulfated disaccharide substrate. Sulfatase activity was also raised in leukocyte homogenates from the two patients that we were able to assess. These increases in enzyme activity were accompanied by corresponding increases in catabolism of heparan and dermatan sulfates, as shown by (a) a decrease in sulfate:uronic ratios of urinary oligosaccharides, (b) an increase in iduronic acid monosaccharide, and (c) a normalization of Bio-Gel P-2 gel filtration profiles. Both the increase in enzyme activity and increased catabolism were maintained during the period of study and were not affected by either a gradual decrease or total withdrawal of immunosuppressive therapy.
Causes of Paralytic Poliomyelitis
Authors: R. J. Dittrich
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The editorial, "The Multiple Causes of Paralytic Poliomyelitis," inThe Journal, Sept. 10, 1960, page 175, is restricted to consideration of various types of virus as causes of this disease. In recent reports (Lennette and others:<i>JAMA</i><b>171</b>: 1456-1464 [Nov. 14] 1959, and Brown and others:<i>ibid.</i><b>172</b>:807-812 [Feb. 20] 1960), it was impossible to identify any type of virus in a relatively high percentage of cases. In this connection, it may be well to consider the results of studies by Trueta and Hodes (<i>Lancet</i>, May 15, 1954), who produced poliomyelitis by the simple procedure of injecting irritants—formol or croton oil—into the limbs of experimental animals, without using any kind of virus. If these results can be verified on a larger scale, it may become necessary to revise our present concepts of the cause of this disease, and direct our efforts toward a search for other
Childhood Immunization Registries-Reply
Authors: Lawrence O. Gostin, Zita Lazzarini
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Clarification of the ideas presented in our article on IIS by Dr Orenstein and colleagues is most welcome. The CDC's National Immunization Program supported our study and contributed richly to its intellectual development. Orenstein and colleagues raise 2 central issues in the conceptualization of IIS—implementation of IIS at the state, as opposed to the national level, and the adequacy of privacy protection for children and their families. Orenstein and colleagues make a strong case for state data systems to accommodate local solutions and preferences. While state-based data systems achieve many benefits, variability in state rules can render them less effective from a public health perspective. The flow of immunization information is rarely restricted to the state in which it is generated. Families move from state to state, and the ability to track children and meet their medical needs wherever they live remains an important feature of IIS. Managed