tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for the treatment of chronic genotype 4 hepatitis C virus infection in patients of Egyptian ancestry
Authors: Peter J. Ruane, Dani Ain, Richard Stryker, Raymond Meshrekey, Mina Soliman, Peter R. Wolfe, Joseph Riad, Sameh Mikhail, Kathryn Kersey, Deyuan Jiang, Benedetta Massetto, Brian Doehle, Brian J. Kirby, Steven J. Knox, John G. McHutchison, William T. Symonds
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)

We conducted an open-label phase 2 study to assess the efficacy and safety of the oral nucleotide polymerase inhibitor sofosbuvir in combination with ribavirin in patients of Egyptian ancestry, chronically infected with genotype 4 hepatitis C virus (HCV).Treatment-naive and previously treated patients with genotype 4 HCV were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to receive sofosbuvir 400mg and weight-based ribavirin, for 12 or 24 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients with sustained virologic response (HCV RNA <25IU/ml) 12 weeks after cessation of therapy (SVR12).Thirty treatment-naive and thirty previously treated patients were enrolled and treated for 12 weeks (n=31) or 24 weeks (n=29). Overall, 23% of patients had cirrhosis and 38% had diabetes. 14% of treatment-naive patients were interferon ineligible and 63% of treatment-experienced patients had prior non-response. SVR12 was achieved by 68% of patients (95% CI, 49-83%) in the 12-week group, and by 93% of patients (95% CI, 77-99%) in the 24-week group. The most common adverse events were headache, insomnia, and fatigue. No patient discontinued treatment due to an adverse event.The findings from the present study suggest that 24 weeks of sofosbuvir plus ribavirin is an efficacious and well tolerated treatment in patients with HCV genotype 4 infection.
Case 20-1973
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Robert E. Scully, Betty U. McNeely, Henry J. Mankin, Karl H. Proppe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Presentation of CaseA 57-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of pain below the knee.Two months previously he incurred minor trauma to the left leg. Because of pain in the injured area he consulted a physician, who prescribed no treatment. X-ray films of the left leg were interpreted as normal. The pain subsided within a few days. Two weeks later he noticed swelling in the same area, and one week before admission there was the onset of a dull ache in that region.There was no history of chills, fever, anorexia, weight loss or symptoms referable to . . .
Challenge to Alzheimer Drug
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Autonomic cardiovascular control during hypoxia in the dog.
Authors: S C Hammill, W W Wagner, L P Latham, W W Frost, J V Weil
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

The mechanisms controlling cardiovascular responses to hypoxia are poorly understood.We studied effects of parasympathetdc blockade by atropine (Px) and sympathectomy by adrenalectomy plus 6-hydroxydopamine (Sx) in five unanesthetdzed dogs acutely exposed to hypoxic conditions (Paoi -35 mm Hg).In intact dogs during hypoxia, heart rate increased by 55 ± 10 (SEM) beats/min.After either Px or Sx, heart rate increased by only 34 ± 4 beats/min during hypoxia.Combined Sx and Px abolished the heart rate response to hypoxia.In intact dogs, hypoxia decreased stroke volume by 6 ± 1 ml.After Sx, hypoxia still decreased stroke volume (5 ± 1 ml), but stroke volume increased during Px (5 ± 2 ml).The stroke volume response was eliminated by Sx plus Px.Cardiac output increased during hypoxia alone (1.2 ± 0.2 liters/min) and in the presence of Px (2.0 ± 0.5 liters/min) and Sx (0.8 ± 0.3 liter/min); this response was abolished by Sx plus Px.Systemic arterial pressure increased during hypoxia alone (16 ± 4 mm Hg) and in the presence of Px (21 ± 7 mm Hg), but failed to change during either Sx or Sx plus Px.Total systemic vascular resistance fell during hypoxia alone (5 ± 2 mm Hg/ liter per min) and in the presence of Px (3 ± 1 mm Hg/liter per min and Sx (5 ± 2 mm Hg/liter per min), but failed to fall during Sx plus Px.We conclude that the autonomic nervous system plays a major role in mediating these cardiovascular systemic responses to hypoxia.The pattern of responses suggests that sympathetic activity increases heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, and blood pressure during hypoxia.whereas decreased parasympathetic activity increases heart rate and cardiac output and decreases stroke volume.If both components of the autonomic system are blocked, the systemic hypoxic response is eliminated.
Transfusing Yersinia enterocolitica.
Authors: M. H. Wilcox, T. G. Winstanley, R. C. Spencer
Journal: BMJ (1992)

containing metronidazole.'This indicates that metronidazole resistance on its own is of limited value in evaluating the outcome of treatment.Compliance was measured by counting the number of tablets remaining at the time of the follow up endoscopy.The definition of "eradication" of H pylorz varies from paper to paper.We followed the Sydney
Hooked on Hormones
Authors: Mark A. Frankle
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  The article by Drs Kashkin and Kleber 1 focuses on the addictive properties of anabolic androgenic steroids. They stress that athletes who use these drugs need to be treated rather than tested and penalized.  We have been involved with delivering lectures on anabolic steroids to various groups. Attendance varied and our message seemed, at best, poorly received. We then cared for a young, previously healthy patient who had a stroke as a result of steroid use, 2 after which we decided to begin a steroid clinic where we could see athletes who were using or were thinking of using steroids. This is done on a one-to-one basis—completely confidentially and without cost. 3 We think this enables the athlete to assess his or her own risks and perceived benefits based on history and results of physical examination and laboratory tests (Table). In the 1 year during which the
Case of Anaesthesia of Peculiar Distribution
Authors: J. Dreschfeld
Journal: BMJ (1878)

THE BRITISH MED cAL yOURNAL 553 not dead, and hallucinations of sight, as that she saw him in the room, when he had been buried some days.She became very suicidal, and was sent to the asylum.The delusions and hallucinations rapidly passed off, but were replaced by hysteria and incomplete epilepsy.The features of her case resemble so much those of the previous one that it is un- necessary to repeat them here.The somnambulism was not so marked in it, but the hysterical and epileptiform phenomena were more exag- gerated than in the other one.Her attacks were most frequent and severe at the menstrual periods, and were sometimes ushered in by sickness and vomiting.She was also aphasic for some time after the attacks.An interesting experiment was made regarding the hemianaesthesia.Over the left antesthetic arm a mustard-blister leaf was tied, and removed some hours afterwards, when the whole arm was found to be hyperesthetic; while the right arm, which was previously extremely sensitive, bad become almost completely anesthetic.This transfer of sensibility, or " phenomenon of transfer", as it is called by Westphal, only lasted a few hours.The paralysis was benefited by the use of elec- tricity; but the relief was only temporary, and it returned after the next epileptiform attack.
THE CLINICAL VALUE OF THE FREE DISPENSARY.
Authors: THOMAS A. DAVIS
Journal: JAMA (1896)

<h3>Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen:</h3> —I did not know until yesterday afternoon (through the Chicago<i>Tribune</i>) that papers were to be presented here to-night; but understood there would be some little effort at extempore discussion in defamation and laudation of the dispensary system. I was glad to see the preparation for so thorough consideration of the subject from such practical standpoints and by such distinguished gentlemen, and I am sure that, though I can offer but little of interest myself, I shall have learned much, and by the application of such knowledge do sufficient good to compensate for my shortcoming in relation to the present meeting. The dispensary is an old institution, originating in the seventeenth century from philanthropic people as a protection to the sick poor against the greed of the apothecary, and later on was used to relieve the crowded hospitals from outdoor patients as an economic move by
General practitioners' knowledge of notifiable, reportable, and prescribed diseases
Authors: D Sen, K Osborne
Journal: BMJ (1995)

For most patients with an occupationally related illness or injury the family doctor is often the first port of call. With recent estimates suggesting that over 90% of registered patients consult their general practitioners over five years,1 family doctors can play a key part in diagnosing and treating ill health that may be linked with work, in preventing further cases by notifying the right people (reportable diseases),2 and in enabling the patient to claim benefit under the Industrial Injuries Scheme (prescribed diseases).3

The Health and Safety Executive recently investigated general practitioners' awareness of health and safety legislation and its relevance to their practices. A survey was carried …
GMC member challenges decision against her
Authors: K. Burke
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Jennifer Colman, the General Medical Council member forced to stand down from its professional conduct committee, has challenged the council's right to instigate an external review of her suitability to judge doctors' fitness to practice.

Speaking at a full GMC council meeting last week, Dr Colman accused the council of undermining democracy by forcing her to stand down from a committee she was elected to serve on and acting outside its legal powers by launching an external review of her behaviour. The GMC is governed under the Medical Act 1983, which Dr Colman argued …
A New Departure in the Diagnosis of Heart Murmurs
Authors: W. Whitla
Journal: BMJ (1887)

stream from the patient's mouth, and this caused e very tiresome aphthous condition.Large amphoric breathing with metallic tink- ling was now heard in the centre of the lung over a space of over fo-ur inclies square.The hope that the abscess would finally empty itself, and give the patient a chance of recovery at length died away.The quantity of pus expectorated was increasing instead of diminishing, and the strength was reduced to the lowest ebb by the violent hectic and loss of sleep.Having now, on July 18th, five months from the access of cough, to deal with the above named state of things, namely, a gangrenous abscess of very large dimensions, with continuous destruction of lung tissue, and whi:h abscess had certainly existed for thirty-four days, if not longer, I came to the conclusion that nothing but puncture of the lung, reaching the abscess, and draining it, would give the patient any chance of surviving, even for a few days.Sir W. Foster bad seen the patient with me a few days before this time, and, although dis- posed to recommend a little more delay, he agreed with me that pune- ture would probably have to be performed to give the g rl the only, though a remote, chance of recovery.July 18th.Convinced myself that even another day's delay might prove fatal, I resolved to operate.Assisted by my colleague, Dr. Crowe, the needle of an aspirator was pushed quite home into the chest, just below the nintlh rib, and at one inch behind the axillary line.A drop of pUs appeared almost at once.Withdrawing the needle, a large curved trocar, nine inches in length, was thrust in its track to a depth of about eight inches in an upward and forward direc.tion towards the fifth interspace in front.Pas of the same stinking character as that expectorated followed in large quantity.A drainage.tube was now pushed home through the cannula of the trocar by means of a probe, and the trocar was then withdrawn.The wound was dressed antiseptically with plenty of carbolic tow.There was no
Spirillum Fever
Authors: Jerome Kowal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

ACCORDING to Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (seventh edition) the genus spirillum is composed of 9 species of motile, spiral organisms with gram-negative staining characteristics. All but 2 of these species are aerobic and grow readily on artificial mediums. Spirillum minus, 1 of the 2 that have not been artificially cultivated, has long been known to be pathogenic for man as the causative agent of rat-bite fever (sodoku). Early claims by several investigators of the successful cultivation of S. minus in vitro have never been confirmed.1 2 3 Members of the remaining species of spirillum have been considered nonpathogenic for man. . . .
Abstract 3295: The type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) pathway driven metastasis signature correlates with poor prognosis and decreased distant metastasis-free survival in human breast cancer
Authors: Deepali Sachdev, Aaron Sarver
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) acting via the type I IGF receptor (IGF1R) regulate growth and metastasis of multiple types of cancers. Agents targeting IGF1R are currently being tested in phase II/III clinical trials. We have previously shown that IGF1R can regulate metastasis independently of primary tumor growth. In a model of high risk metastatic cancer using the MDA435/LCC6 metastatic cancer cells, we have shown that disruption of IGF signaling either with an antibody against IGF1R, AVE1642, or a dominant negative IGF-1R construct, does not affect growth in the mammary fat pad but inhibits pulmonary metastases and colonization of the lungs. Regulation of such a phenotype will not be measured in clinical trials and these findings imply that clinical trials of this therapeutic strategy may need to adjust their endpoints for assessing benefit by taking into account that inhibition of IGF1R signaling may inhibit metastasis but not primary tumor growth. Here, we sought to develop an IGF1R driven metastasis signature that may be useful in selecting patients that could benefit from IGF1R targeted therapy and determine if changes in expression of the genes in the signature can be useful in monitoring response. Serum starved LCC6-WT cells (with wild-type functional IGF1R) and LCC6-DN (cells with dominant negative IGF1R) were treated with IGF-I, AVE1642 (antibody against IGF1R that inhibits metastasis but not tumor growth in the mammary fat pad), or AVE1642+ IGF-I for 4 and 24 hours and microarray analysis was performed using the U133 Plus 2.0 human arrays with 47,000 transcripts. Array data were analyzed to determine genes regulated by IGF1R signaling in these cells and if disruption of signaling with AVE1642 affected genes whose expression was regulated by IGF-I signaling. A total of 206 transcripts were regulated by IGF signaling in LCC6-WT cells and AVE1642 treatment reversed the effects of IGF1R signaling. 53 of the most significantly regulated genes were used to query two different human breast tumor datasets to determine if genes regulated by activation of IGF1R are associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in human tumors. IGF1R regulated metastasis signature genes were expressed in human tumors and were correlated to decreased survival and decreased distant metastasis free survival in breast cancer patients. Our results suggest that presence of IGF1R metastasis signature in patients confers prognostic value and identifying IGF1R driven metastasis signatures may be useful to identify and monitor patients who could benefit from IGF1R targeted therapy for inhibition of metastatic disease. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3295.
Anomalies occur in registrations of fetal deaths in multiple pregnancies
Authors: P O D Pharoah
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—In a monozygotic monochorionic multiple pregnancy the fetal death of one conceptus may have profound consequences, such as neonatal death, cerebral palsy, and severe mental disability for the livebirth co-conceptus. Because of these consequences the importance of registering a twin fetus papyraceus has been discussed previously.1–4

A fetal death must be registered if delivery takes place after 24 weeks' gestation, irrespective of the gestational age at the time of death When …
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: the other side of the coin
Authors: O. T Terpstra
Journal: BMJ (1996)

pressed by a group of 500-some of them managers, lawyers, non-medical academics, and (God forbid) journalists-who purport to speak for medicine.It would be tragic if an academy were to degenerate to yet another body for doling out honours.We must applaud Sir Michaels' working party for wanting to consult with everybody interested over the future of an academy, and let us hope that the consultation produces a rich debate and good ideas on which to base the academy.There is undoubtedly a job to be done, but there is also a good chance of producing yet another body that dines and processes and changes nothing.
Murder in Medical Education
Authors: Philip C. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The mental features discoursed of as the analytical are, in themselves, but little susceptible of analysis. We appreciate them only in their effects. We know of them, among other things, that they are always to their possessor, when inordinately possessed, a source of the liveliest enjoyment. As the strong man exults in his physical ability, delighting in such exercises as call his muscles into action, so glories the analyst in that moral activity which<i>disentangles</i>. He derives pleasure from even the most trivial occupations bringing his talent into play. He is fond of enigmas, of conundrums, hieroglyphics; exhibiting in his solutions of each a degree of acumen which appears to the ordinary apprehension praeternatural. His results, brought about by the very soul and essence of method, have, in truth, the whole air of intuition. Edgar A. Poe, "The Murders in the Rue Morgue," 1841
How should we manage fibromyalgia?
Authors: Paul A Reilly
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

How should we manage fibromyalgia?We read with interest your leader, "How should we manage fibromyalgia?". 1 We were puzzled by Paul Reilly's statement that a comprehensive pain management programme...has the best chances of success, although even rheumatologists can practise amateur cognitive behavioural therapy in the clinic".Is Dr Reilly really suggesting that a rheumatologist's amateur eVorts oVer the best outcome for people with fibromyalgia?Dr Reilly oVers no evidence to support this statement.He does, however, find evidence to raise questions as to the value of patient self help groups.Dr Reilly cites a 1992 paper that reports an association between membership of such a group and worse prognosis in chronic fatigue syndrome. 2As the authors emphasised the caution with which the results should be interpreted, it is surprising that Dr Reilly has used this evidence to inform his clinical practice.Firstly, this is ancient research.Things have moved on.Although we would agree that some so called self help groups can end up as a circular review of symptoms, self management courses, which we at Arthritis Care espouse, are a very diVerent matter.Challenging Arthritis is a self management programme-and that title was chosen very deliberately.It is run by people with arthritis for people with arthritis.It gives people the skills to take control of their lives and their arthritis.It is practical and positive, and it works.The eVectiveness of similar programmes in the USA is well recorded. 3 Experience in the United Kingdom shows similar results, including better understanding of symptoms, improved communication with medical staV, and increased use of exercise and relaxation techniques.Probably most importantly of all, self management programmes significantly decrease pain, fatigue, and anxiety. 4 So it is extremely important to diVerentiate between navel gazing self help systems and courses such as ours, which encourage people to take control for themselves-and which work.Similar courses run on the Challenging Arthritis model are now available to people with other chronic conditions.Given Dr Reilly's desire to disabuse patients of the notion that their fibromyalgia is his problem alone, shouldn't eVective courses which encourage people to take control for themselves be a welcome adjunct to his treatment, even if it is run by a patient self management group?ROBINA
Genetics, Epidemiology, and Cancer Disparities: Is it Black and White?
Authors: Timothy R. Rebbeck, Chanita Hughes Halbert, Pamela Sankar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

Epidemiologic studies attempt to understand the distribution and determinants of human disease. Epidemiologic research often incorporates information about race, ethnicity, or ancestry, usually as a self-identified race or ethnicity (SIRE) variable. Differences in the distribution and determinants of disease on the basis of SIRE may be identified in these studies. In addition, genetic and other biologic differences according to SIRE are frequently reported. If these differences are real and meaningful, they may have value in identifying disease-causative or -preventive factors, and thus may be beneficial to human health. However, the concepts of race, ethnicity, or ancestry are often poorly considered or crudely applied, particularly in genetic studies of disease etiology or outcome. Consequently, results suggesting genetic differences with respect to disease etiology or outcome across SIRE groups may not be meaningful; in fact, these differences may prove harmful if they propagate stereotypes or spurious differences. Therefore, it is critical to properly consider the meaning, definitions, and use of race, ethnicity, or ancestry in molecular epidemiologic studies.