tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In situ detection of retinoid-X receptor expression in normal and psoriatic human skin
Authors: J. REICHRATH, T. MUNSSINGER, A. KERBER, C. ROCHETTE-EGLY, P. CHAMBON, F.A. BAHMER, H.-P. BAUM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Increasing evidence suggests that the retinoid-X receptors RXR(-alpha,-beta,-gamma) play a crucial part in regulating the transcriptional activity of several steroid hormone receptors, including 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors (VDR) and retinoic acid receptors (RAR-alpha,-beta,-gamma). We developed a new technique for immunohistochemical in situ detection of RXR receptors, and investigated the localization of RXR-alpha in normal and psoriatic human skin using a recently raised corresponding specific antibody. RXR-alpha positive cells related to the skin were phenotyped by sequential sections and a double-labelling procedure for the simultaneous demonstration of this nuclear receptor and cell membrane antigens, as well as cytokeratin 10, HLA-DR and vimentin. Our findings indicate that: (i) RXR-alpha is strongly expressed in normal and psoriatic human skin; (ii) most of the cell types in normal human skin, including keratinocytes, melanocytes, fibroblasts and skin immune cells such as Langerhans cells, reveal strong nuclear immunoreactivity for RXR-alpha, with less cytoplasmic staining; (iii) altered levels or distribution of RXR-alpha in the skin do not appear to be involved in the genesis of psoriasis vulgaris, but subepidermal and subcellular distribution suggest a function of RXR-alpha in the transition from proliferation to differentiation in epidermal keratinocytes; (iv) expression in the hair follicle points to a contribution from RXR-alpha to hair growth.
Abstract 2899: Multiple-dose phase 1 study of 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM): Pharmacokinetics and biological effects
Authors: Gregory A. Reed, Jean M. Sunega, Kevin Latinis, John Gray, James A. Crowell, Marjorie Perloff
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract We have completed our examination of the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and effects of twice daily doses of 100 mg and 200 mg of 3, 3’-diindolylmethane (DIM) for four weeks. Healthy adult subjects self-administered an absorption-enhanced formulation of DIM (BR-DIM). Eight subjects received the low dose, and six subjects received the high dose of BR-DIM. Based on medical histories, physical examinations and a battery of blood and urine tests we concluded that BR-DIM in this dosing regimen was very well tolerated, with no significant adverse effects. The pharmacokinetics of DIM were determined at each dose for both the first dose and last dose of BR-DIM in these subjects. The first dose Cmax and AUC values obtained for the two doses were similar to the results of our previous single ascending dose study of BR-DIM. Surprisingly, after four weeks of twice daily dosing, the mean Cmax of DIM fell by 29% and 73% and the mean AUC fell by 46% and 71% in the low and high dose groups, respectively. Multiple daily dosing with BR-DIM clearly altered expression either of specific transporters or of enzymes that biotransform DIM, resulting in a marked decrease in bioavailability. This decreased systemic exposure, however, must be considered in light of the observed induction of CYP1A2, one of our primary biomarkers of effect. Mean CYP1A2 activity increased by 250% at the low dose and by 181% at the high dose, suggesting that effective concentrations of DIM or an active metabolite were achieved in the liver, and that this resulted in induction of hepatic CYP1A2. No effects of BR-DIM were seen on activities of CYPs 2C9, 2D6, or 3A4. The lack of systemic exposure to DIM could result either from induced hepatic metabolism of DIM or from increased biliary secretion of DIM. This proposal for the altered pharmacokinetics of DIM, allowing hepatic effects but not extrahepatic effects, is consistent with the very modest effects of BR-DIM we observed on peripheral blood lymphocyte GST activity, and suggests that the lymphocyte activity may not be an accurate surrogate for hepatic effects of DIM. The lack of significant change in the 2-hydroxyestrone:16α-hydroxyestrone ratio, judged by us to be a key biomarker of efficacy in our previous trial with the DIM precursor indole-3-carbinol, raises the possibility that the change in that ratio is based to a significant extent on extrahepatic hydroxylation of estrone, rather than modulation of hepatic estrogen metabolism. Supported by NCI N01 CN-35008-38 and P20RR021940. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2899.
HLA in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Charles H. Emerson
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The expression "inborn errors of metabolism," coined by Garrod in 1908, was a harbinger of the close association that followed between genetic research and the study of "metabolic" disorders. In contrast, endocrinologists have traditionally focused on hormone action, control of hormone production, and the clinical features of hormone hyposecretion or hypersecretion. This is not to say that the familial nature of many endocrinopathies escaped recognition. Rather, because Mendelian patterns of inheritance were not apparent, it was not certain if familial clustering was due to genetic or environmental factors. In the past decade, steady progress has been made in establishing a genetic basis for a large number of endocrinopathies. As is the rule in scientific progress, this advance had its origins in seemingly unrelated fields. Immunologic research led to the discovery that the surface of lymphocytes contained genetically controlled proteins. Tissue transplantation studies established that these antigen proteins, when similar between
Effects of digitalis on subendocardial and subepicardial dysfunction during acute ischemia.
Authors: V S Banka, H Yamazaki, J B Agarwal, M M Bodenheimer, R H Helfant
Journal: Circulation (1982)

The effects of digitalis (ouabain infusion, priming dose of 10 micrograms/kg/min followed by 2.0 micrograms/kg/min) on subepicardial and subendocardial ischemic dysfunction during partial occlusion (59.4% reduction in coronary flow) and total coronary occlusion were evaluated in 14 dogs using pairs of ultrasonic crystals implanted in the epicardial and endocardial layers. After 30 minutes of partial coronary occlusion, systolic shortening in the ischemic zone decreased from 12.4 +/- 2.9% to -0.4 +/- 0.9% (p less than 0.001) in the epicardium and from 18.9 +/- 3.1% to -1.0 +/- 1.1% (p less than 0.001) in the endocardium. Ouabain infusion increased the systolic shortening from -0.4 +/- 0.9% to 10.6 +/- 3.1% (p less than 0.001) in the epicardium and from -1.0 +/- 1.1% to 17.2 +/- 3.4% (p less than 0.001) in the endocardium. The end-diastolic length did not change. In contrast, after 30 minutes of total coronary occlusion, systolic shortening in both epicardial and endocardial layers was replaced by systolic lengthening and remained unaffected by ouabain infusion in both layers. Systolic shortening in the nonischemic epicardial and endocardial layers increased consistently. We conclude that ouabain improves the contractile function of both ischemic epicardial and endocardial layers layers after partial coronary occlusion and does not worsen subendocardial ischemic dysfunction. After total coronary occlusion, however, the contraction of the ischemic zone is unaffected by ouabain.
Localized cold reflex urticaria
Authors: BEATE M. CZARNETZKI, PETER J.FROSCH, RAINER SPREKELER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Journal Article Localized cold reflex urticaria Get access BEATE M. CZARNETZKI, BEATE M. CZARNETZKI Department of Dermatology, von Esmarch Strasse 56, 4400 Münster, F.R.G. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar PETER J.FROSCH, PETER J.FROSCH Department of Dermatology, von Esmarch Strasse 56, 4400 Münster, F.R.G. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar RAINER SPREKELER RAINER SPREKELER Department of Dermatology, von Esmarch Strasse 56, 4400 Münster, F.R.G. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 104, Issue 1, 1 January 1981, Pages 83–88, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1981.tb01716.x Published: 01 January 1981 Article history Accepted: 28 March 1980 Published: 01 January 1981
Mnemonics, Rhetoric and Poetics for Medics: Knowledge Worth Spewing not Requiring Emetics
Authors: Peter N. Ver Lee
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This is the first book of mnemonics I have read that is more than a mere collection. Written in a witty, engaging style, it begins with some psychology of memory and memory aids. Later in the text there are chapters tracing the history of mnemonics. Otherwise the book is written in a quasitextbook-style outline with the mnemonics arranged by organ systems. The mnemonics vary from simple, familiar devices to elaborate inventions. Readers will recognize a few of them, but most were new to me. Mnemonics have been around for centuries and, despite the objections of anatomy teachers, have persisted because they were short, ingenious phrases or sentences that stuck in the mind. Published collections invariably omitted obscene mnemonics and the results were not nearly as `rememberable' as the off-color phrase. None of the mnemonics in this book are obscene, although many are quite ingenious and funny. One gets the impression
269 Reconstructing and predicting the hepatitis C virus epidemic in Greece: Increasing trends of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma despite the decline in the incidence of HCV infection
Authors: V. Sypsa, G. Touloumi, N.C. Tassopoulos, I. Ketikoglou, I. Vafiadi, G. Hatzis, D. Tsantoulas, E. Akriviadis, J. Delladetsima, M. Demonakou, A. Hatzakis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Use-Dependent Inhibition of Synaptic Transmission by the Secretion of Intravesicularly Accumulated Antipsychotic Drugs
Authors: Carsten H. Tischbirek, Eva M. Wenzel, Fang Zheng, Tobias Huth, Davide Amato, Stefan Trapp, Annette Denker, Oliver Welzel, Katharina Lueke, Alexei Svetlitchny, Manfred Rauh, Janina Deusser, Annemarie Schwab, Silvio O. Rizzoli, Andreas W. Henkel, Christian P. Müller, Christian Alzheimer, Johannes Kornhuber, Teja W. Groemer
Journal: Neuron (2012)
Phenolphthalein-containing laxative use in relation to adenomatous colorectal polyps in three studies.
Authors: M P Longnecker, D P Sandler, R W Haile, R S Sandler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Phenolphthalein, the active ingredient in many laxatives, was recently found to be a carcinogen in animal models. Human data suggest a laxative-colon cancer association, but few data specifically address the effects of phenolthalein-containing laxatives. We examined use of phenolphtalein-containing laxatives in relation to occurrence of adenomatous colorectal polyps in data from three case-control studies. The study conducted in Los Angeles, California (1991-1993), and the two studies conducted in North Carolina (1988-1990 and 1992-1995) altogether included 866 cases and 1,066 controls. The prevalence of using phenolphthalein-containing laxatives at least once a week in the recent past, however, was less than 5% among these subjects. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratios associated with recent use of phenolphthalein-containing laxatives once a week or more were 1.8 -95% confidence interval (CI), 0.5-6.2] in Los Angeles, 1.0 (CI, 0.4-2.2) in North Carolina (1988-1990), and 1.1 (CI, 0.2-5.7) in North Carolina (1992-1995). For use of other types of laxatives, the corresponding odds ratios were 1.3 (CI, 0.9-1.9) in Los Angeles, 1.0 (CI, 0.5-1.7) in North Carolina (1988-1990), and 0.9 (CI, 0.4-1.8) in North Carolina (1992-1995). Although the low prevalence of frequent use made for relatively wide confidence intervals, overall these data suggest that use of phenolphthalein-containing laxatives does not increase risk of adenomatous colorectal polyps.
Doctor's sacking is setback for French public health, supporters say
Authors: P. Benkimoun
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A high profile expert on public health, Alain Braillon, has lost his position at the University Hospital of Amiens, Picardy, in a move that public health doctors fear may become more frequent because of a new hospital payment system. 

Public hospitals in France now have to comply with what is called “T2A,” which stands for “tariff by activity,” under which hospitals are funded per activity carried out. Health experts point out that time consuming public health interventions are therefore less rewarding for hospitals, particularly in the short term.

Francois Bourdillon, chairman of the French Public Health Society (Societe Francaise de Sante Publique), said, “This is the first case of the sacking of a public health expert that I have heard of. Public health activities in university hospitals are vulnerable because of the logic of ‘tariff by activity.’ Such activities do not make money flow in, and they weigh on the hospital finances as a whole. Hospital directors and chairmen of hospital boards ask us: what is the added value of your position? If the medical community …
A Study of Patient Clues and Physician Responses in Primary Care and Surgical Settings
Authors: Wendy Levinson
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Context Patients often present clues (direct or indirect comments about personal aspects of their lives or their emotions) during conversations with their physicians.These clues represent opportunities for physicians to demonstrate understanding and empathy and thus, to deepen the therapeutic alliance that is at the heart of clinical care.A paucity of information exists regarding how physicians address the psychological and social concerns of patients.Objectives To assess how patients present clues and how physicians respond to these clues in routine primary care and surgical settings. Design, Setting, and ParticipantsDescriptive, qualitative study of 116 randomly selected routine office visits to 54 primary care physicians and 62 surgeons in communitybased practices in Oregon and Colorado, audiotaped and transcribed in 1994. Main Outcome MeasuresFrequency of presentation of clues by patients during office visits, nature (emotional vs social) and content of clues, and nature of physician responses to clues, coded as positive or missed opportunity. ResultsFifty-two percent and 53% of the visits in primary care and surgery, respectively, included 1 or more clues.During visits with clues, the mean number of clues per visit was 2.6 in primary care and 1.9 in surgery.Patients initiated approximately 70% of clues, and physicians initiated 30%.Seventy-six percent of patient-initiated clues in primary care settings and 60% in surgical settings were emotional in nature.In surgery, 70% of emotional clues related to patients' feelings about their biomedical condition, while in primary care, emotional clues more often related to psychological or social concerns (80%) in patients' lives.Physicians responded positively to patient emotions in 38% of cases in surgery and 21% in primary care, but more frequently they missed opportunities to adequately acknowledge patients' feelings.Visits with missed opportunities tended to be longer than visits with a positive response. ConclusionThis study suggests that physicians in both primary care and surgery can improve their ability to respond to patient clues even in the context of their busy clinical practices.
On the Periphery
Authors: Orville T. Bailey
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ADJUVANT THERAPY WITH ISOCARBOXAZID
Authors: STANLEY R. DEAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1960)

In this series of 47 patients with a variety of depressive reactions, isocarboxazid produced a fair to excellent effect in 63.8% overall, and in 26 of the 27 reactive depressives and schizophrenic apathetics. Although it did not eliminate nor reduce the need for ECT, it was a valuable adjunct to ECT and intensive psychotherapy, particularly in reactive depressions. While not found quite as effective as iproniazid, it was definitely better tolerated and less toxic, with no clinical evidence of hepatoxicity in any of the patients.
Temporary transvenous pacing and femoral vein thrombosis.
Authors: A J Nolewajka, M D Goddard, T C Brown
Journal: Circulation (1980)

The true incidence of thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in patients requiring temporary transvenous pacing via the femoral vein in unknown. Twenty-nine patients, mean age 66.2 years (range 38-79 years) who required temporary pacing were studied by bilateral contrast venography and perfusion lung scanning after removal of the pacing catheter. The patients were subdivided into two subgroups based on hemodynamic status. There was no statistical difference between the two groups with respect to mean age or the time the pacer catheter was in place and all patients were placed on low-dose heparin therapy. Ten patients (34%) had venographic evidence of thrombosis; six of them (60%) showed lung scan evidence of pulmonary emboli. The hemodynamically compromised group consisted of seven patients, six (85%) of whom had thrombosis; three of these six (50%) had pulmonary emboli. Of the 22 patients in the hemodynamically stable group, four (18%) had thrombosis and two of these (50%) had pulmonary emboli. Venous thrombosis, with subsequent pulmonary emboli, is a serious complication of temporary transvenous pacing using the femoral approach, despite the use of prophylactic low-dose heparin.
Clinical research in primary care needs urgent boost
Authors: Roger Jones
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—Let us hope that the cogent arguments advanced by Rothwell in support of more and better clinical research in the United Kingdom begin a serious dialogue that will correct the asymmetries in research funding, kudos, and leadership that have developed over the past 5-10 years.1 Rothwell's arguments apply with even greater force to the need for a clinical research effort …
NICE and its value judgments: Utilitarian values are inadequate
Authors: William House, David Peters
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—The values of the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) turn out to be utilitarian and economic.1 Predictably, NICE's attempt to use them to generate advice to professionals for achieving the highest attainable standard of care often founders on the narrowness of perspective. High quality care demands an understanding …
A new approach to the differential diagnosis of a regular tachycardia with a wide QRS complex.
Authors: P Brugada, J Brugada, L Mont, J Smeets, E W Andries
Journal: Circulation (1991)

In the differential diagnosis of a tachycardia with a wide QRS complex (greater than or equal to 0.12 second) diagnostic mistakes are frequent. Therefore, we investigated the reasons for failure of presently available criteria, and we identified new, simpler criteria and incorporated them in a stepwise approach that provides better sensitivity and specificity for making a correct diagnosis.A prospective analysis revealed that current criteria had a poor specificity for the differential diagnosis. The value of four new criteria incorporated in a stepwise approach was prospectively analyzed in a total of 554 tachycardias with a widened QRS complex (384 ventricular and 170 supraventricular). The sensitivity of the four consecutive steps was 0.987, and the specificity was 0.965.Current criteria for the differential diagnosis between supraventricular tachycardia with aberrant conduction and ventricular tachycardia are frequently absent or suggest the wrong diagnosis. The absence of an RS complex in all precordial leads is easily recognizable and highly specific for the diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia. When an RS complex is present in one or more precordial leads, an RS interval of more than 100 msec is highly specific for ventricular tachycardia. This new stepwise approach may prevent diagnostic mistakes.
Acquired selective factor X deficiency in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia
Authors: M. T. Caimi, R. Redaelli, D. Cattarieo, A. M. Nosari, F. Baudo, F. De Cataldo
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract A case of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) and selective acquired FX deficiency at presentation is reported. The deficiency was not corrected by the infusion of fresh frozen plasma, but the patient's plasma had no neutralizing activity in vitro. The cause of the deficiency is unknown.
Type I IFN Counteracts the Induction of Antigen-Specific Immune Responses by Lipid-Based Delivery of mRNA Vaccines
Authors: Charlotte Pollard, Joanna Rejman, Winni De Haes, Bernard Verrier, Ellen Van Gulck, Thomas Naessens, Stefaan De Smedt, Pieter Bogaert, Johan Grooten, Guido Vanham, Stefaan De Koker
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

The use of DNA and viral vector-based vaccines for the induction of cellular immune responses is increasingly gaining interest. However, concerns have been raised regarding the safety of these immunization strategies. Due to the lack of their genome integration, mRNA-based vaccines have emerged as a promising alternative. In this study, we evaluated the potency of antigen-encoding mRNA complexed with the cationic lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-3trimethylammonium-propane/1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOTAP/DOPE ) as a novel vaccination approach. We demonstrate that subcutaneous immunization of mice with mRNA encoding the HIV-1 antigen Gag complexed with DOTAP/DOPE elicits antigen-specific, functional T cell responses resulting in specific killing of Gag peptide-pulsed cells and the induction of humoral responses. In addition, we show that DOTAP/DOPE complexed antigen-encoding mRNA displays immune-activating properties characterized by secretion of type I interferon (IFN) and the recruitment of proinflammatory monocytes to the draining lymph nodes. Finally, we demonstrate that type I IFN inhibit the expression of DOTAP/DOPE complexed antigen-encoding mRNA and the subsequent induction of antigen-specific immune responses. These results are of high relevance as they will stimulate the design and development of improved mRNA-based vaccination approaches.
An unusual case of pinworm infection
Authors: R. Araújo, A. Silva, J. Machado, A. Ramalho, A. Castanheira, E. Cancela, P. Ministro
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

We report the case of a 45-year-old female, who was observed in a gastroenterology outpatient clinic with a history of abdominal pain and a positive fecal occult blood test. Physical examination was unremarkable. Colonoscopy was performed, and countless pinworms were identified ([Fig. 1], [2]). In the right colon they were observed as a cluster around some feces, resembling a bezoar ([Fig. 3], [4], [5], [Video 1]).