tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ED-03 * THE IMPACT OF VALPROIC ACID USE ON HIGH GRADE GLIOMA
Authors: J. Chiang, L.-L. Kwok, S. J. See, C. K. Tham
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Valproic acid (VPA), other than its seizure activity, has shown potential benefit as a chemosensitizing agent due to its histone deacetylase inhibitor activity in the management of patients with high grade glioma. On the other hand, VPA could also potentially increase the toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents. We aim to study the use of VPA on the outcomes of patients with high grade gliomas. METHODS: All patients with high grade glioma seen at the Neuro-oncology clinic in National Cancer Centre Singapore between 2006 to 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients with high grade glioma, defined as World Health Organization (WHO) grade III or IV astrocytic, oligodendroglial, oligoastrocytic tumors were included in the study. RESULTS: A total of 122 patients were analyzed. Median age of diagnosis for the cohort was 49.6 years. 87 patients (71.3%) underwent surgical resection, while 33 patients (27%) had a biopsy performed. In the cohort, 60 patients (49.2%) had concurrent temozolomide and radiotherapy thereafter. Median follow up time for the cohort was 1.5 years. Median overall survival (OS) was comparable for VPA users and non-users (VPA users: 25.2 months (95% CI: 18.0, 48.0) versus non-VPA users: 33.6 months (95% CI: 20.4, 67.2), p = 0.348). Among the 60 patients who underwent concurrent temozolomide and radiotherapy, the use of VPA conferred a marginal worsening of OS (VPA users: 25.2 months (95% CI: 18.0, 38.4) versus non-VPA users: 33.6 months (95% CI: 20.4, 67.2), p = 0.083). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, high grade glioma patients on VPA have similar median OS compared to those who were not on VPA. However, there is a trend towards decreased overall survival in those patients who had concurrent temozolomide and radiotherapy with VPA use. This could be related to increased treatment toxicity. The role of VPA in high grade glioma will need to be clarified in further studies.
761-4 Angloplasty in Borderline Lesions of &amp;lt;50% Diameter Stenosis for Unstable or Post-Infarction Angina is not a Benign Procedure
Authors: Waqar H. Ahmed, Clyde R. Meckel, Robert N. Piana, Deborah Manuelian, Burt Adelman, John A. Bittl
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Treatment of Depression
Authors: Ronald A. Thisted
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  Keller et al, in a study of patients seeking treatment for depressive illness at university health care facilities, examined the type and dose of medication received by these patients for their current episodes of depression before seeking care at the university medical center (1982;248:1848). Among their findings, the authors report that for nonpsychotic depression, there is little association between the duration of the depressive episode and the intensity of prior treatment received.  The data reported by the authors support quite the opposite conclusion, and their erroneous inference arises from comparing two groups that largely consist of the same patients— those with episodes of more than six months' and those with episodes of more than one month's duration. The latter group clearly contains the former; comparing these overlapping groups will result in understatement of differences using any criterion.  A comparison of treatment given patients with episodes of less
Biomarkers for late-onset neonatal sepsis
Authors: Richard A Polin, Tara M Randis
Journal: Genome Medicine (2010)

The diagnosis of healthcare-associated infections is problematic because of the overlap between clinical signs associated with 'normal' physiological disturbances and those of bacteremia or fungemia. Earlier diagnosis of sepsis in critically ill infants would enable timely administration of antibiotics and discontinuation of treatment in infants with a low probability of sepsis. A recent study by Ng et al. identified two novel biomarkers for late-onset neonatal sepsis: the des-arginine variant of serum amyloid A and apolipoprotein C-II. These markers may be of value in the identification of neonates with bacteremia or fungemia.
Rearrangement of immune complexes in glomeruli leads to persistence and development of electron-dense deposits.
Authors: M Mannik, L Y Agodoa, K A David
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

Covalently, cross-linked immune complexes were prepared with multivalent 2-nitro-4-azidophenyl X human serum albumin (NAP X HSA) and antibodies to NAP at five times antigen excess. After purification with gel filtration, affinity chromatography with antigen-agarose column, and addition of the hapten, 9.5% of the antibodies dissociated from the complexes by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. After injection of these cross-linked immune complexes into mice, glomeruli stained for the complexes by immunofluorescence microscopy for only a few hours and electron-dense deposits were not detected. In contrast, when the same immune complexes with comparable lattice but without covalent cross-linking were administered to a second group of mice, the initial deposition by immunofluorescence was comparable and then increased to extensive deposits that persisted to 96 h. In this second group of mice extensive electron-dense deposits evolved. These observations supported the conclusion that the immune complexes initially deposited from circulation must undergo rearrangement to persist and to form electron-dense deposits in glomeruli. The covalently cross-linked immune complexes existed in glomeruli only for a short period of time since these complexes could not rearrange.
A NOVEL PATHWAY TO PROVIDE THERAPEUTIC HYPOTHERMIA TO SURVIVORS OF OUT-OF-HOSPITAL CARDIAC ARREST LEADS TO A REMARKABLE 43% SURVIVAL WITH AN EXCELLENT NEUROLOGIC OUTCOME IN VT/VF BUT FAILS TO IMPROVE OUTCOME FOR IN-HOSPITAL CARDIAC ARREST OR ASYSTOLE /PEA ARREST.
Authors: Eyal Herzog, Janet Shapiro, Emad F. Aziz, Mun K. Hong, Dan Wiener, Suneet Mittal
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Effect on the Early Embryo of Agents Administered to the Mother
Authors: C. Lutwak-Mann, M. F. Hay
Journal: BMJ (1962)

A relatively simple and rapid histological technique for studying the action upon the pre-implantation rabbit embryo (blastocyst) of maternally transmitted agents has been developed.  Flat-mounts are prepared from rabbit blastocysts recovered from pregnant animals that have received various treatments and are compared with embryos from normal untreated rabbits.  Photomicrographs show the changes in the embryonic disk as produced by the treatment of pregnant animals with doses of 6-mercaptopurine E39 soluble thalidomide and phthaloyl-DL-isoglutamine that were incapable of affecting maternal health.  The possibility of the flat-mount technique as an additional and promising test-object for the study of growth-modifying and chemotherapeutic substances is easily envisaged.
Model of Unidirectional Transluminal Gene Transfer
Authors: Marco A Arap, Johanna Lahdenranta, Amin Hajitou, Frank C Marini, Christopher G Wood, Kenneth C Wright, Juan Fueyo, Wadih Arap, Renata Pasqualini
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Gene transfer assays in vitro are poor indicators of transduction efficacy observed in vivo. We designed and optimized an intermediate model for assessing and quantifying unidirectional transduction ex vivo. The model enables simultaneous transmucosal evaluation of up to 96 different variables under the same tissue conditions. We show that the model is versatile and suitable for use with different vectors (adenovirus and AAV), different reporter genes (β-galactosidase and green fluorescent protein), and viscera with various tissue features such as peritoneum and urothelium. Ex vivo transduction assays may correlate better with in vivo gene transfer results. Because the experimental model described here can be performed in small samples, it may enable translational applications in tissues of human origin.
Histone methyltransferase ASH1 orchestrates fibrogenic gene transcription during myofibroblast transdifferentiation
Authors: Maria Jesus Perugorria, Caroline L. Wilson, Mujdat Zeybel, Meagan Walsh, Shilu Amin, Stuart Robinson, Steven A. White, Alastair D. Burt, Fiona Oakley, Hidekazu Tsukamoto, Derek A. Mann, Jelena Mann
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) to a myofibroblast-like phenotype is the pivotal event in liver fibrosis. The dramatic change in phenotype associated with transdifferentiation is underpinned by a global change in gene expression. Orchestrated changes in gene expression take place at the level of chromatin packaging which is regulated by enzymatic activity of epigenetic regulators that in turn affect histone modifications. Using expression profiling of epigenetic regulators in quiescent and activated primary HSCs we found a number of histone methyltranferases including MLL1, MLL5, Set1 and ASH1 to be highly up-regulated during transdifferentiation of HSCs. All of these histone methyltranferases regulate methylation of lysine 4 of histone H3, which is a signature of actively transcribed genes. We therefore postulated that one or more of these enzymes may be involved in positively influencing expression of profibrogenic genes. Conclusion: We find that ASH1 directly binds to the regulatory regions of alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA), collagen I, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1) and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFβ1) in activated HSCs while depletion of ASH1 caused broad suppression of fibrogenic gene expression. We also discovered that MeCP2 positively regulates ASH1 expression and therefore identify ASH1 as a key transcriptional activator component of the MeCP2 epigenetic relay pathway that orchestrates coordinated induction of multiple profibrogenic genes.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Authors: Katherine H. Taber, Robin A. Hurley, Stuart C. Yudofsky
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2010)

Neuropsychiatry is the subspecialty of psychiatry that deals with disorders at the intersection of neurology and psychiatry. Neuropsychiatric disorders are complex and incompletely understood. Neuroscience research is beginning to elucidate the biological underpinnings of many of these disorders. These advances have the potential to improve diagnosis, inform treatment selection, and facilitate development of new and better interventions.
645 CORRELATES AND PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS CORE ANTIGEN SERUM LEVELS DURING CHRONIC INFECTION AND TREATMENT
Authors: E. Durante-Mangoni, L. Vallefuoco, E. Perna, D. Iossa, R. Andini, U. Malgeri, R. Utili, G. Portella
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Heat Stroke-Reply
Authors: James P. Knochel
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> All of us are indebted to Dr Fine for his dedicated and persistent efforts to elucidate the pathophysiology and treatment of bacteremic and endotoxic shock. Dr Fine suggests that death in acute heat stroke could be mediated by acute disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) emanating from hepatic failure and absorption of endotoxin from the bowel. He further postulates that measures to interrupt this process could be life-saving. Laboratory evidence of DIC in patients with heat stroke is extremely common and in most instances resolves spontaneously after cooling and other supportive measures. If damage occurs by this mechanism, it seems quite likely that it has already occurred by the time the patient is initially seen. It has been suggested, therefore, but not proved that heparin therapy might be useful to prevent further DIC. Dr Fine implies that the initialing influence of DIC is acute hepatic failure. As supporting evidence, he
Low Serum PBI Values with Clinical Euthyroidism in I131 Treated Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: George R. Burnett
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Seventy eight patients with thyrotoxicosis were reexamined from 1 to 7 years after treatment with radioactive iodine. Determinations of protein-bound iodine in the serum (SPBI) were carried out in all patients. Twenty-nine of the 78 were patients with recurrent thyrotoxicosis following previous surgery. In this group, previously operated upon, the incidence of hypothyroidism, both clinically and by SPBI determination, was somewhat higher than in the patients without previous surgery. Dissociation between clinical state and SPBI was noted in 34 of the 78 patients. Of 58 patients clinically judged to be euthyroid, 21 had low SPBI values. The incidence of low SPBI values progressively increased up to the third year of follow-up. Approximately 50% of the patients followed from 3 to 7 years after therapy had low SPBI values.
The Social Implications of Questionable Cancer Therapies
Authors: B. R. Cassileth
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1989)

Questionable or “unorthodox” treatments are not selected in a vacuum; their degree of popularity and the particular types used are functions of their social and cultural context. The liquid preparations that were popular earlier in this century reflected fascination with bottled medicinals, consistent with the growing era of pharmaceutical medicine. Today's questionable remedies are similarly consistent with their social and cultural context. “Metabolic” therapies emphasizing diet, self care, vitamins, and internal cleansing, along with “immune-enhancing” regimens, represent today's reigning “alternatives.” Such approaches reflect underlying social trends and values, such as belief in assuming personal responsibility for one's health, the importance of self care and physical fitness, patients' rights movements, dietary emphases encouraged by conventional and alternative medicine alike, the holistic medicine movement, and general disaffection with organized medicine. Just as questionable therapies are born of the values and beliefs of their culture, so these treatments and their use affect the social environment in which they exist. The relationship is reciprocal and cyclic, with social trends encouraging particular forms of questionable regimens and these regimens, in turn, reinforcing prevailing social beliefs. Public beliefs about cancer were reflected in responses to our studies of unorthodox cancer therapies and of psychosocial correlates of survival. Responses revealed widely held values and beliefs about cancer, cancer treatment, and medicine generally. These themes are described.
Expression of hepatocyte growth factor, transforming growth factor ?, and transforming growth factor ? 1 messenger RNA in various human liver diseases and correlation with hepatocyte proliferation
Authors: M Masuhara, M Yasunaga, K Tanigawa, F Tamura, S Yamashita, I Sakaida, K Okita
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) stimulate liver regeneration, whereas transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) inhibits it in rats. However their significance in human liver diseases, especially in severe acute liver injury, remains unclear. We studied HGF, TGF-alpha, and TGF-beta 1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in the livers of patients with live diseases using a competitive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. As little as a twofold difference in mRNA expression could be detected from minute liver biopsy samples. We then examined cell proliferation using proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining. HGF mRNA levels were significantly higher (approximately threefold) in acute hepatitis (AH) than in exacerbation of chronic liver disease (EX) (P < .05). TGF-alpha mRNA levels were significantly greater in AH (approximately twofold) than EX (P < .05), and the levels were significantly higher (approximately threefold) in chronic hepatitis (CH) than in EX (P < .05). The TGF-beta 1 mRNA levels in all the groups were not significantly different. In acute liver injury (AH and EX), there was a significant correlation between HGF mRNA expression and the PCNA labeling index (LI) in the liver (r = .87, P < .005). TGF-alpha mRNA expression also correlated with the PCNA LI (r = .92,P < .0001). There was no significant correlation between the serum HGF and the PCNA LI in the liver. In conclusion, HGF and TGF-alpha produced in the liver stimulate hepatocyte proliferation in response to acute liver injury in humans.
LETTER FROM NEW YORK.
Authors: Adolph Kœnig
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<h3>To the Editor</h3> :—In your issue of October 11 there appears a paper by Dr. Wm. H. Daly, a nose and throat specialist of this city, on "The Medical Treatment of Diphtheria," containing statements that call for correction. The paper was read at the forty-first annual meeting of the American Medical Association at Nashville, June, 1890, and strange to relate, its claims for originality were not contradicted. The special treatment for diphtheria to which Dr. Daly refers, and which he claims as his own, is that by large doses of calomel. He says: "You will pardon me if I undertake to draw your attention again to a well-tried plan of treatment which I had the honor of bringing to the notice of the profession in a paper entitled, 'The Simplest and most Efficient Treatment of Diphtheria,' which I read before the Congress of the American Laryngological Association in Philadelphia in
Minds That Came Back
Authors: John H. Talbott
Journal: JAMA (1961)

At a time when discussions in connection with mental illness are being removed from the closets of prejudice and taboo, this book is a welcome commentary. It is written in an easy, clear, stimulating style. Technical terms are nicely defined for the benefit of the layman. The source material is indeed unique and unusual, but it portrays the conditions described perfectly. To take autobiographical material of people who were judged insane and weave a story from it is a scientific as well as a literary feat of considerable merit. The purpose of the book is to provide educational material to the millions of people whose families have been touched by mental illness. He not only succeeds in doing this but he also succeeds in underlining the hopefulness that people should and can have in many of these disease entities. This is a book which can be recommended to the medical
Method of attempted suicide as predictor of subsequent successful suicide: national long term cohort study
Authors: B. Runeson, D. Tidemalm, M. Dahlin, P. Lichtenstein, N. Langstrom
Journal: BMJ (2010)

To study the association between method of attempted suicide and risk of subsequent successful suicide.Cohort study with follow-up for 21-31 years.Swedish national register linkage study.48,649 individuals admitted to hospital in 1973-82 after attempted suicide.Completed suicide, 1973-2003. Multiple Cox regression modelling was conducted for each method at the index (first) attempt, with poisoning as the reference category. Relative risks were expressed as hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals.5740 individuals (12%) committed suicide during follow-up. The risk of successful suicide varied substantially according to the method used at the index attempt. Individuals who had attempted suicide by hanging, strangulation, or suffocation had the worst prognosis. In this group, 258 (54%) men and 125 (57%) women later successfully committed suicide (hazard ratio 6.2, 95% confidence interval 5.5 to 6.9, after adjustment for age, sex, education, immigrant status, and co-occurring psychiatric morbidity), and 333 (87%) did so with a year after the index attempt. For other methods (gassing, jumping from a height, using a firearm or explosive, or drowning), risks were significantly lower than for hanging but still raised at 1.8 to 4.0. Cutting, other methods, and late effect of suicide attempt or other self inflicted harm conferred risks at levels similar to that for the reference category of poisoning (used by 84%). Most of those who successfully committed suicide used the same method as they did at the index attempt-for example, >90% for hanging in men and women.The method used at an unsuccessful suicide attempt predicts later completed suicide, after adjustment for sociodemographic confounding and psychiatric disorder. Intensified aftercare is warranted after suicide attempts involving hanging, drowning, firearms or explosives, jumping from a height, or gassing.
Diving Accident Network begins 2nd year
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Recently, a scuba diving student in Texas made what appeared to be a normal ascent after about 15 minutes at 7.5 m below the water's surface. But then he lost consciousness and began having convulsions. After it was determined that there were gas bubbles in the pericardium and other tissues, the diver was rushed by military helicopter to Brooks AFB, San Antonio, some 130 km away, where there is a hyperbaric chamber (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1981; 246:1057-1066; 1171-1178). After treatment there as well as in a civilian hospital's chamber, the patient appeared to regain most functions and was enrolled in physical therapy. Later, in response to a news reporter's question, Maj Luis A. Matos, MC, USAF, a medical officer at Brooks, commented: "People who scuba dive should know the location of the nearest hyperbaric chamber so they can receive treatment, should they ever need it, as quickly as possible." That
Stop codon FGFR3 mutations in thanatophoric dwarfism type 1
Authors: Francis Rousseau, Pascale Saugier, Martine Le Merrer, Arnold Munnich, Anne-Lise Delezoide, Pierre Maroteaux, Jacky Bonaventure, Françoise Narcy, Marek Sanak
Journal: Nature Genetics (1995)
Toward eliminating HLA class I expression to generate universal cells from allogeneic donors
Authors: Hiroki Torikai, Andreas Reik, Frank Soldner, Edus H. Warren, Carrie Yuen, Yuanyue Zhou, Denise L. Crossland, Helen Huls, Nicholas Littman, Ziying Zhang, Scott S. Tykodi, Partow Kebriaei, Dean A. Lee, Jeffrey C. Miller, Edward J. Rebar, Michael C. Holmes, Rudolf Jaenisch, Richard E. Champlin, Philip D. Gregory, Laurence J. N. Cooper
Journal: Blood (2013)