tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ABC of emergency radiology. The elbow.
Authors: D A Nicholson, P A Driscoll
Journal: BMJ (1993)

The elbow is a commonly injured joint in both children and adults.Interpretation of elbow radiographs is sometimes difficult because of the complex anatomy and obscurity of certain injuries.Errors can be avoided by using a systematic approach to interpreting radiographs based on knowledge of the important anatomical relations.Humerus Coronoid process of ulna FIG i-Lateral radiograph of elbow and line gram.Note position of normal fat pad anterior to distal humerus.Humerus Adult Olecranon The elbow is composed of three joints: the fossa humeroulnar, humeroradial, and radioulnar.All Medial are contained in a single synovial cavity.The //4=>) \epicondyle lower end of the humerus consists of a spherical / Olecranon portion (capitellum), which articulates with the e process radius, and a grooved portion (trochlea), which n Trochlea articulates with the ulna.The capitellum and d / Coronoid trochlear portions ofthe humerus are at about 450 process to the shaft, so that a line projected along the :k ---J{l f | / anterior humeral cortex should intersect the middle of the ossification centre of the "Iv>XUlna capitellum.The elbow ligaments consist of the ulnar collateral (medial), radial collateral (lateral), and annular ligaments.The annular ligament is attached to the ulna and clasps the head and neck of the radius in the superior radioulnar joint.There is no attachment to the radius, which is free to rotate in the annular ligament.
Holmium-YAG laser for gall stone fragmentation: an endoscopic tool.
Authors: M J Blomley, D A Nicholson, G Bartal, C Foster, A Bradley, M Myers, W Man, S Li, L M Banks
Journal: Gut (1995)

A systematic review of the 2.1 mu holmium-YAG laser for gall stone lithotripsy was undertaken. This infrared laser, which can be used endoscopically and percutaneously, has safety advantages over other lasers and has potential as a general purpose vascular and surgical tool. Twenty nine gall stones (mean mass 1.3 g) were fragmented in vitro using pulse energies of 114 to 159 mJ/pulse at 5 Hz with a 0.6 mm fibre, while being held in an endoscopy basket. All stones were successfully fragmented, requiring an average of 566 pulses with a 5 Hz pulse repetition frequency. The number of pulses required increased with gall stone size and mass (p &lt; 0.01), and decreased with both pulse energy (p &lt; 0.01) and operator experience (p &lt; 0.05). The biochemical content of the stone did not significantly affect the number of pulses needed. The potential hazard of the laser to the biliary endothelium was investigated. At the pulse energies used, five pulses at close contact penetrated into the serosa of fresh gall bladder wall. No damage was seen when two pulses were fired. This laser shows considerable promise in gall stone lithotripsy. Until further safety data are available, however, its use with endoscopic vision is advised.
The human GFI136N variant induces epigenetic changes at the Hoxa9 locus and accelerates K-RAS driven myeloproliferative disorder in mice
Authors: Cyrus Khandanpour, Joseph Krongold, Judith Schütte, Frederique Bouwman, Lothar Vassen, Marie-Claude Gaudreau, Riyan Chen, Fernando J. Calero-Nieto, Evangelia Diamanti, Rebecca Hannah, Sara E. Meyer, H. Leighton Grimes, Bert A. van der Reijden, Joop H. Jansen, Chandrashekhar V. Patel, Justine K. Peeters, Bob Löwenberg, Ulrich Dührsen, Bertie Göttgens, Tarik Möröy
Journal: Blood (2012)
Commercial Contraceptive Jellies and Creams
Authors: R. E. Hoffmann
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The printing of the article "In Vitro Assessment of Commercial Contraceptive Jellies and Creams" (JAMA<b>176</b>:427 [May 6] 1961) is an all-time low in medical journalism inThe Journal. If the AMA must resort to printing articles of this type, I hopefully suggest that the time has come forThe Journalto close its printing doors. Yours for better medical literature.
A role for TGFbeta1 in langerhans cell biology. Further characterization of the epidermal Langerhans cell defect in TGFbeta1 null mice.
Authors: T A Borkowski, J J Letterio, C L Mackall, A Saitoh, X J Wang, D R Roop, R E Gress, M C Udey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Previous studies of TGFbeta1 null (-/-) mice indicated that the epidermis was devoid of Langerhans cells (LC) and that the LC deficiency was not secondary to the inflammation that is the dominant feature of the -/- phenotype (Borkowski, T.A., J.J. Letterio, A.G. Farr, and M.C. Udey. 1996. J. Exp. Med. 184:2417-2422). Herein, we demonstrate that dendritic cells could be expanded from the bone marrow of -/- mice and littermate controls. Bone marrow from -/- mice also gave rise to LC after transfer into lethally irradiated recipients. Thus, the LC defect in TGFbeta1 null mice does not result from an absolute deficiency in bone marrow precursors, and paracrine TGFbeta1 production is sufficient for LC development. Several approaches were used to assess the suitability of -/- skin for LC localization. A survey revealed that although a number of cytokine mRNAs were expressed de novo, mRNAs encoding proinflammatory cytokines known to mobilize LC from epidermis (IL-1 and TNFalpha) were not strikingly overrepresented in -/- skin. In addition, bone marrow-derived LC populated full-thickness TGFbeta1 null skin after engraftment onto BALB/c nu/nu recipients. Finally, the skin of transgenic mice expressing a truncated loricrin promoter-driven dominant-negative TGFbeta type II receptor contained normal numbers of LC. Because TGFbeta1 signaling in these mice is disrupted only in keratinocytes and the keratinocyte hyperproliferative component of the TGFbeta1 -/- phenotype is reproduced, these results strongly suggest that the LC defect in TGFbeta1 null mice is not due to an epidermal abnormality but reflects a requirement of murine LC (or their precursors) for TGFbeta1.
Patient-reported morbidity following flashlamp-pumped pulsed tunable dye laser treatment of port wine stains
Authors: S.W. LANIGAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Journal Article Patient‐reported morbidity following flashlamp‐pumped pulsed tunable dye laser treatment of port wine stains Get access S.W. LANIGAN S.W. LANIGAN Department of Dermatology, Bridgend General Hospital, Bridgend, Mid Glamorgan CF31 1JP, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 133, Issue 3, 1 September 1995, Pages 423–425, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb02671.x Published: 01 September 1995 Article history Accepted: 31 October 1994 Published: 01 September 1995
Intensive Induction Chemotherapy With CBOP/BEP in Patients With Poor Prognosis Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: J.A. Christian, R.A. Huddart, A. Norman, M. Mason, S. Fossa, N. Aass, E.J. Nicholl, D.P. Dearnaley, A. Horwich
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: Despite a high cure rate in patients with testicular cancer, there remain patients in the poor prognosis group who have a less favorable outcome. Intensive induction chemotherapy using a regimen consisting of carboplatin, bleomycin, vincristine, and cisplatin, followed by bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (CBOP/BEP), developed at the Royal Marsden Hospital, is designed to overcome the rapid proliferation seen in germ cell tumors. This study assesses the outcome of patients with poor-prognosis nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT) treated with CBOP/BEP. Patients and Methods: Patients with NSGCT from three centers, classified as poor prognosis according to International Germ Cell Classification Consensus Group criteria, were treated with CBOP/BEP regimen during the period from 1989 to 2000. Data on treatment toxicity, relapse-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS) were collected prospectively on a hospital database. Results: Fifty-four male patients with poor prognosis NSGCT were treated with CBOP/BEP. The RFS at 3 and 5 years for all patients was 83.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 68.8% to 91.3%). After a median follow-up of 4 years, the OS of the 54 patients was 91.5% (95% CI, 78.6% to 96.8%) at 3 years and 87.6% (95% CI, 71.3% to 94.9%) at 5 years. Three-year OS in patients with a primary mediastinal germ cell tumor was 77.1% (95% CI, 34.5% to 93.9%) compared with 95.4% (95% CI, 82.8% to 98.8%) in patients with a testicular primary tumor (P = .24). Conclusion: The results reported here compare favorably with the historical results of alternative regimens used in the management of poor-prognosis NSGCT. We suggest a phase III trial to confirm our findings.
Evolution of the Atherosclerotic Plaque
Authors: S. L. Wilens
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The evolution of concepts about the arteriosclerotic plaque is brilliantly unfolded in a newly published symposium which ought to be read by all investigators in the field. The articles are of uniformly high standard; the discussions, however, sometimes appear undisciplined. The results of current, refined methods of investigation are presented—electron microscopy, paper chromatography, fluorescent antigen-antibody reactions, and radioactive tracers. It is reassuring to learn that these more refined methods have yielded findings which substantiate views derived from older, more elementary research, and even those which might seem self-evident without experimentation. No one would quibble with the conclusion that large arteries tend to have more plaques than small ones, and that blood pressure plays some role in arteriosclerosis, even if no experiments had been done on the point. While the techniques of the studies are highly complex, the findings are summarized in relatively simple form. We quickly learn that basic questions,
MicroRNA-155 Exerts Cell-Specific Antiangiogenic but Proarteriogenic Effects During Adaptive Neovascularization
Authors: Franziska Pankratz, Xavier Bemtgen, Robert Zeiser, Franziska Leonhardt, Sheena Kreuzaler, Ingo Hilgendorf, Christian Smolka, Thomas Helbing, Imo Hoefer, Jennifer S. Esser, Max Kustermann, Martin Moser, Christoph Bode, Sebastian Grundmann
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background— Adaptive neovascularization after arterial occlusion is an important compensatory mechanism in cardiovascular disease and includes both the remodeling of pre-existing vessels to collateral arteries (arteriogenesis) and angiogenic capillary growth. We now aimed to identify regulatory microRNAs involved in the modulation of neovascularization after femoral artery occlusion in mice. Methods and Results— Using microRNA-transcriptome analysis, we identified miR-155 as a downregulated microRNA during hindlimb ischemia. Correspondingly, inhibition of miR-155 in endothelial cells had a stimulatory effect on proliferation and angiogenic tube formation via derepression of its direct target gene angiotensin II type 1 receptor. Surprisingly, miR-155–deficient mice showed an unexpected phenotype in vivo, with a strong reduction of blood flow recovery after femoral artery ligation (arteriogenesis) dependent on the attenuation of leukocyte-endothelial interaction and a reduction of proarteriogenic cytokine expression. Consistently, miR-155–deficient macrophages exhibit a specific alteration of the proarteriogenic cytokine expression profile, which is partly mediated by the direct miR-155 target gene SOCS-1. Conclusions— Our data demonstrate that miR-155 exerts an antiangiogenic but proarteriogenic function in the regulation of neovascularization via the suppression of divergent cell-specific target genes and that its expression in both endothelial and bone marrow–derived cells is essential for arteriogenesis in response to hindlimb ischemia in mice.
Trainer-teaching techniques
Authors: R J L Davis
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Background/Aim: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided breast biopsy is a complex and time-consuming procedure. This study aimed to clarify the factors that affect the duration of the procedure. Patients and Methods: Twenty-eight examinations performed at our institute for 27 lesions detected solely on MRI were analyzed. The correlations between the clinicopathological factors and duration of the procedure were estimated. Results: The needle guidance method was the only factor that significantly affected the duration of the MRI-guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VAB) (p=0.012). The use of a computer-aided detection (CAD) system with grid breast compression plates had significantly shorter durations (62±12 min) than the manual calculation of coordinates with pillar-type compression plates (76±13 min). Conclusion: This preliminary study showed that the use of a CAD system might shorten the duration of MRI-guided VAB.
Phasic Renal Artery Blood Flow Velocity in Man During Cardiac Arrhythmias.
Authors: Alberto Benchimol
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Phasic Renal Artery Blood Flow Velocity in Man During Cardiac Arrhythmias.Alberto Benchimol, M.D., Kenneth B. Desser, M.D.Alberto Benchimol, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Kenneth B. Desser, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-817_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPhasic renal artery blood flow velocity was measured in 23 patients, utilizing the Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter telemetry system. The catheter tip containing the transmitting and receiving crystals was located near the ostia of each renal artery. Renal blood flow is pulsatile and characterized by a major systolic wave occurring during ventricular systole. The flow velocity pattern in the renal artery, although phasic, is continuous throughout the cardiac cycle, with a large diastolic fraction. Under normal physiologic conditions renal blood flow is entirely forward without measurable retrograde flow. Ventricular tachycardia resulted in marked reduction in renal blood flow with extreme variations... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Phoenix, Ariz. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 817-817KeywordsArrhythmiaBlood flowCathetersRenal arteriesRenal circulationSystoleVentricular tachycardia Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Abstract 5579: Genomic approach to the prediction of chemotherapeutic sensitivity in osteosarcoma
Authors: Shintaro Iwata, Miki Ohira, Takehiko Kamijo, Tsukasa Yonemoto, Takeshi Ishii, Shin-ichiro Tatezaki, Akira Nakagawara
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract PURPOSE: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. Despite of recent progress of combined therapy, about 30% of OS patients die because of tumor progression or relapse. It is generally accepted that sensitivity of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the most important prognostic factor for OS, however, there have been few analyses documenting molecular markers that predicts the chemosensitivity of OS patients. The aim of this study is to identify possible genomic biomarkers for the prediction of chemosensitivity and prognosis for OS patients. METHODS: Pretherapeutic biopsy samples of 22 pediatric OS patients treated in Chiba cancer center who had homogeneous clinicopathological- and therapeutic- background were analyzed. In our study, patients were divided into 3 groups; group A includes 8 patients who demonstrated a good response for 1st regimen, group B includes 6 patients who were resistant to 1st regimen but showed good response to 2nd regimen, group C includes 8 patients who did not respond to neither 1st nor 2nd regimen. Genomic DNAs were prepared from each frozen tissue and used for aCGH analysis with Agilent 44k DNA microarray. RESULTS: According to the results of comparative analysis of CNV patterns in each patient, three chromosomal patterns strongly separated group A from B&amp;C or C from A&amp;B were identified. Gain of 5p12 was found in 7 out of 8 patients of group A, while only 1 out of 14 patients of group B and C (sensitivity 87.5%, specificity 92.9%). On the other hand, loss of 9q21 and amplification of 12q14 were specifically observed in group C, but not in A and B (sensitivity 100%, specificity 92.9%). The average of copy numbers within the region of 5p12 and 9q21.3 on each patient were calculated, and 2-dimensional plot of these two values clearly showed that each group formed distinct clusters. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that copy number changes in OS biopsy samples could be good markers to determine suitable chemotherapeutic regimen for individual patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5579. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5579
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Pathway Gene Polymorphism Associated With Extent of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes Trial
Authors: Sharon Cresci, Jun Wu, Michael A. Province, John A. Spertus, Michael Steffes, Janet B. McGill, Edwin L. Alderman, Maria Mori Brooks, Sheryl F. Kelsey, Robert L. Frye, Richard G. Bach
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the major cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although demographic and clinical factors associated with extent of CAD in patients with diabetes mellitus have been described, genetic factors have not. We hypothesized that genetic variation in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway genes, important in diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis, would be associated with extent of CAD in patients with diabetes mellitus.We genotyped 1043 patients (702 white, 175 blacks) from the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes (BARI 2D) genetic cohort for 3351 variants in 223 PPAR pathway genes using a custom targeted-genotyping array. Angiographic end points were determined by a core laboratory. In whites, a single variant (rs1503298) in TLL1 was significantly (P=5.5 × 10(-6)) associated with extent of CAD, defined as number of lesions with percent diameter stenosis ≥20%, after stringent Bonferroni correction for all 3351 single nucleotide polymorphisms. This association was validated in the diabetic subgroups of 2 independent cohorts, the Translational Research Investigating Underlying Disparities in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients' Health Status (TRIUMPH) post-myocardial infarction registry and the prospective Family Heart Study (FHS) of individuals at risk for CAD. TLL1rs1503298 was also significantly associated with extent of severe CAD (≥70% diameter stenosis; P=3.7 × 10(-2)) and myocardial jeopardy index (P=8.7 × 10(-4)). In general linear regression modeling, TLL1rs1503298 explained more variance of extent of CAD than the previously determined clinical factors.We identified a variant in a single PPAR pathway gene, TLL1, that is associated with the extent of CAD independently of clinical predictors, specifically in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and CAD. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00006305.
Number of patients acquiring infections in hospitals falls by a fifth in five years
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The number of hospital associated infections in English hospitals fell by a fifth between 2006 and 2011, says a new report from the Health Protection Agency.

The agency’s fourth point prevalence survey of healthcare associated infections found a total of 3360 diagnoses between September and November 2011 in England.1 This number represents 6.4% of hospital patients, down from 8.2% when the last survey was carried out in 2006.

Enterobacteria such as Escherichia coli are the organisms most often associated with healthcare associated infections in English hospitals and should be the focus for improved infection control measures.

Just under two thirds (60%) of NHS acute trusts in England took part in the voluntary survey, …
Evaluating new physical treatments.
Authors: I Haslock
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

OBJECTIVES--To evaluate social class, ethnic origin, and various endocrine variables as potential risk factors in the development of nephritis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS--A cross-sectional survey was carried out of all outpatients with SLE attending the lupus Clinic of St Thomas9s Hospital from March to October 1992 using retrospective survival data. The main outcome measure was the duration of SLE before the onset of nephritis. RESULTS--Two hundred and ninety six women and 11 men were studied; the male patients were excluded from the analysis. Univariate analysis showed an increased risk of nephritis in patients with SLE of West Indian origin with 54 v 19% with nephritis at five years, in patients of lower social class, in patients who did not drink alcohol, and in those with a history of fetal loss after the onset of lupus. No significant effect of the age of onset of SLE, use of oral contraceptives, normal pregnancy, or smoking was seen. Multivariate analysis showed that ethnic origin did not influence the risk of nephritis independently of social class. CONCLUSIONS--Factors associated with socioeconomic deprivation may increase disease severity in patients with SLE.
Gastrointestinal complications of epidermolysis bullosa in children
Authors: E.B. Freeman, J. Köglmeier, A.E. Martinez, J.E. Mellerio, L. Haynes, N.J. Sebire, K.J. Lindley, N. Shah
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of inherited disorders characterized by skin and mucous membrane fragility. Gastrointestinal (GI) complications have been described in many types of EB and are responsible for significant morbidity.To delineate the nature and frequency of GI complications in a large cohort of paediatric patients with EB and to postulate why some complications occur more commonly in some specific subtypes.The case notes of 223 children with EB seen at a national referral centre were examined retrospectively for the presence of GI symptoms, investigations and interventions.GI complications were present in 130/223 (58%) of all patients. In EB simplex, constipation and gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) were frequently observed. In junctional EB, failure to thrive and protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) were the prominent GI manifestations. Constipation was common in patients with dystrophic EB (DEB) requiring laxatives and in some cases fibre supplementation. GOR affected three-quarters of those with recessive DEB, two-thirds also having significant oesophageal strictures. Over half of patients with recessive DEB required gastrostomy insertion. Diarrhoea affected a small but significant proportion of children with recessive DEB with macroscopic and/or microscopic changes of colitis in the majority.GI problems in EB are very common with subtype specificity for some of these complications. The occurrence of diarrhoea, PLE and colitis in the context of EB has not been highlighted previously, and may arise secondarily to antigenic exposure in the gut lumen as a result of mucosal fragility.
GRM1 is upregulated through gene fusion and promoter swapping in chondromyxoid fibroma
Authors: Karolin H Nord, Henrik Lilljebjörn, Francesco Vezzi, Jenny Nilsson, Linda Magnusson, Johnbosco Tayebwa, Danielle de Jong, Judith V M G Bovée, Pancras C W Hogendoorn, Karoly Szuhai
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)