tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Self regulation must succeed
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1998)

“Self regulation must succeed and be seen to succeed,” James Johnson, the chairman of the BMA's Central Consultants and Specialists Committee, told the association's senior staffs conference last week.

After the General Medical Council's finding that three doctors at the Bristol Royal Infirmary had ignored warnings that too many babies had died after operations (6 June, p 1691), Mr Johnson said that the profession must show its complete commitment to self regulation and …
Some unusual hurdles en route to fitness
Authors: V. S. Cowart
Journal: JAMA (1990)

AS THE NATION pursues physical fitness, members of the American College of Sports Medicine are hearing about such things as allergy to exercise, gold standard failure, and too much of a potentially good thing. These cases of "conditioning come a cropper" were outlined at the organization's annual meeting in Salt Lake City, Utah. In the first report, a 30-year-old woman, who had ridden an exercise bicycle regularly for several years, had a 2-week history of breaking out in a rash during exercise, and one episode of light-headedness. She was seen at the Parkside Sports Medicine Center of Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, Ill. William Briner, MD, associate director of the center, says the woman's physical examination and blood pressure were unremarkable. Briner arranged for her to pedal a bicycle ergometer, and after 6 minutes the rash appeared. Four minutes later, her blood pressure dropped to 100/50 mm Hg. Briner's diagnosis
Gallium Scan Findings Following Multiple Blood Transfusions in an Infant with Erythroblastosis Fetalis
Authors: GEORGE F. EDEBURN, S T TREVES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A premature infant with erythroblastosis fetalis presented to the Nuclear Medicine department for a Ga-67 citrate scan to rule out an occult abscess. The infant had received multiple intrauterine transfusions and multiple exchange transfusions after birth. Persistent leukocytosis, irritability, and distended abdomen following multiple abdominal taps for ascites prompted the gallium scan.
Bugging of the Intestinal Mucosa
Authors: Clara Abraham, Judy H. Cho
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Invasive E. coli adhere to enterocytes in patients with Crohn's disease before invading the cells. A recent study implicates carcinoembryonic antigen–related cell-adhesion molecule 6 (CEACAM6) in the mediation of this adherence.
Amniocentesis and Intrauterine Transfusion in Rh-Sensitized Pregnancy
Authors: Brian Little, Elgin McCutcheon, Jane F. Desforges
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

BEFORE the introduction of amniocentesis and intrauterine transfusion, the management of women sensitized to the rhesus factor had been determined by the past history and the level and rate of acceleration of increased serum anti-D titer. Early delivery prevented stillbirth but brought with it the hazards of prematurity and exchange transfusion in the immature fetus.However, recent work has demonstrated that in any case in which erythroblastosis fetalis is suspected, amniocentesis and amniotic-fluid evaluation must be performed; in some of these, the fetuses should be transfused in utero.1 , 2 The major problems remaining are to determine the precise indications for . . .
A case of variegate porphyria in an Indian
Authors: F. HANDA, KAMLESH KUMAR, RAJ KUMAR
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

A female patient aged 25 years developed abdominal and neurological symptoms followed by a photosensitive eruption during pregnancy. She was found to have variegate porphyria on investigation. Investigation of the family revealed on member having latent porphyria. To our knowledge, this is the first report of variegate porphytia from India.
Physicians' Assistants: Nurses as Physicians
Authors: John W. Runyan
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor.—  Reference is made to the recent editorial Physician's Assistant or Assistant Physician? ( 212 :313, 1970) in which our article ( 211 :476, 1970) was discussed. We are most appreciative of the interestThe Journalhas shown in this program by devoting an editorial to it. We invited comments with our statement which read any departures from the traditional patterns of medical care should come under the close scrutiny of the medical profession and all others concerned with medical care.  As judged by correspondence and requests for reprints this article has provoked a fair amount of interest in this country and abroad. All comments have been favorable, so far. We have learned that other groups and individuals have either considered, planned, or have underway programs in which nurses provide medical care in a manner somewhat similar to that which we describe.  Your editorial makes a valid point concerning the
ACTION OF CARDIAC STIMULANTS IN CIRCULATORY FAILURE DUE TO DIPHTHERIA
Authors: C. W. EDMUNDS
Journal: JAMA (1925)

An important group of drugs that is always in demand in cases of emergency is the class known as the cardiac stimulants. It is true that they form rather an indefinite group and include drugs that have no direct effect on either heart or blood vessels, their only possible influence on the circulation being an indirect one. Perhaps those which are mentioned most commonly in this connection as being useful in cases of circulatory failure in acute infections are strychnin, camphor, epinephrin, digitalis, pituitary preparations and caffein. In this group should probably be included also the various solutions that are used for intravenous injections, such as Ringer's solution, and acacia and glucose solutions. It is true that some of the drugs named have been to a greater or less extent discredited for this purpose, and not so much reliance is placed on them now as there was some years ago.
Annual rotavirus epidemic patterns in North America. Results of a 5-year retrospective survey of 88 centers in Canada, Mexico, and the United States. Rotavirus Study Group
Authors: C. W. LeBaron
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Rotavirus is the major cause of severe diarrhea in children. A recent study of hospitalizations for diarrhea in the United States suggested that the annual rotavirus epidemic may follow a regional sequence from west to east. As part of a program to establish active surveillance of rotavirus prior to the introduction of vaccines, we obtained 5 years of retrospective data on rotavirus detections from 88 centers throughout North America. Analysis of 34 644 detections indicates that the peak of the annual rotavirus epidemic occurs first in Mexico and the Southwest of the United States in late fall, goes systematically across the continent in the winter, and ends in the Northeast United States and the Maritime Provinces of Canada in the spring. When detections are grouped by region, onset of the epidemic follows the same regional sequence as the peak. To our knowledge, this is the only description of a repetitive geographic sequence for the seasonal epidemic activity of a viral agent. Further studies are indicated to determine whether climate, features of the virus itself, or other factors are responsible for this apparently unique pattern. A system of active surveillance can use this pattern to detect natural alterations in the epidemic behavior of rotavirus and to assess the impact of vaccines. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:983-988)
Book Review Obstetrics and Gynecology: A history and iconography (Norman Obstetrics and Gynecology Series. No. 3.) Revised second edition of Iconographia Gyniatrica. By Harold Speert. 540 pp., illustrated. San Francisco, Norman, 1994. $245. 0-930405-62-5
Authors: Charlotte G. Borst
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)
An investigation of the skin flora of dialysis and transplant patients
Authors: W.C. NOBLE, M.H. REBEL, INGRID SMITH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

The skin flora of patients on routine haemodialysis and of outpatients with a renal transplant has been investigated and compared with that of rheumatology outpatients at the same hospital. Dialysis patients had significantly smaller numbers of organisms on the skin. No excess of pathogens or potential pathogens was found in any group.
Psychological rehabilitation after myocardial infarction: multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: D A Jones, R R West
Journal: BMJ (1996)

To evaluate rehabilitation after myocardial infarction.Randomised controlled trial of rehabilitation in unselected myocardial infarction patients in six centres, baseline data being collected on admission and by structured interview (of patients and spouses) shortly after discharge and outcome being assessed by structured interview at six months and clinical examination at 12 months.Six district general hospitals.All 2328 eligible patients admitted over two years with confirmed myocardial infarction and discharged home within 28 days.Rehabilitation programmes comprising psychological therapy, counselling, relaxation training, and stress management training over seven weekly group outpatient sessions for patients and spouses.Anxiety, depression, quality of life, morbidity, use of medication, and mortality.At six months there were no significant differences between rehabilitation patients and controls in reported anxiety (prevalence 33%) or depression (19%). Rehabilitation patients reported a lower frequency of angina (median three versus four episodes a week), medication, and physical activity. At 12 months there were no differences in clinical complications, clinical sequelae, or mortality.Rehabilitation programmes based on psychological therapy, counselling, relaxation training, and stress management seem to offer little objective benefit to patients who have experienced myocardial infarction compared with previous reports of smaller trials.
Graft Versus Host Disease Prophylaxis with Everolimus and Tacrolimus in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) and Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) Receiving Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation (PBSCT).
Authors: Uwe Platzbecker, Caroline Pabst, Alexander Kiani, Johannes Schetelig, Martin Wermke, Anett Helwig, Gerhard Ehninger, Martin Bornhäuser
Journal: Blood (2006)
Effects of long-term pressure overload on regional myocardial glucose and free fatty acid uptake in rats. A quantitative autoradiographic study.
Authors: Y Kagaya, Y Kanno, D Takeyama, N Ishide, Y Maruyama, T Takahashi, T Ido, T Takishima
Journal: Circulation (1990)

To investigate the effects of long-term pressure overload on regional myocardial substrate use, we performed quantitative autoradiography using 2-deoxy-D-[U-14C]glucose (14C-DG) and beta-methyl[1-14C]heptadecanoic acid (14C-BMHDA) in conscious rats with a 10-week ascending aortic constriction. Heart weight/body weight ratio increased by 27% in aortic-constricted rats as compared with sham-operated rats (p less than 0.01). Myocardial 14C-DG uptake increased (258 +/- 63 vs. 144 +/- 41 nCi/g, p less than 0.01, n = 6 for each group); however, 14C-BMHDA extraction decreased (251 +/- 69 vs. 342 +/- 75 nCi/g, p less than 0.05, n = 7 for each group) in aortic-constricted rats as compared with sham-operated rats. In sham-operated rats, both 14C-DG and 14C-BMHDA uptakes were higher in the left ventricular anterior and lateral walls as compared with the posterior wall or the interventricular septum. In aortic-constricted rats, 14C-DG uptake also increased in the interventricular septum, as well as in the left ventricular anterior and lateral walls, as compared with the posterior wall. There was, however, no regional difference in 14C-BMHDA extraction among these four regions. Myocardial blood flow distribution determined by 4-[N-methyl-14C]iodoantipyrine or myocyte width showed no regional variations among the four regions, either in aortic-constricted or sham-operated rats. Regional interstitial fibrosis was small in either group. The present study suggests that myocardial substrate uptake is altered nonhomogeneously, and that the nonhomogeneity is not because of regional variations in blood flow distribution, myocyte hypertrophy, or interstitial fibrosis. The results of angiotensin II-induced acute pressure overloading in other sham-operated rats, in which a remarkable increase in myocardial 14C-BMHDA extraction (n = 3, p less than 0.01) and no difference in 14C-DG uptake (n = 3) as compared with normotensive sham-operated rats were elicited, suggest that the findings in aortic-constricted rats are not direct responses to increased left ventricular pressure itself but rather should be explained by still unknown factors related to prolonged pressure overload.
SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE GENES OF THE GUINEA PIG
Authors: Harry G. Bluestein, Ira Green, Baruj Benacerraf
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

The immunogenicity of three random copolymers of amino acids with L-glutamic acid and L-alanine (GA), L-glutamic acid and L-tyrosine (GT), or L-glutamic acid, L-alanine, and L-tyrosine (GAT), administered in complete Freund's adjuvant, was studied in several inbred and random-bred guinea pig strains. The animals were tested for delayed sensitivity and their sera were assayed for the presence of antibody directed against the immunizing polymer. All of the guinea pigs developing delayed hypersensitivity also had significant antibody levels in their sera. Inbred strain 2 guinea pigs responded to immunization with GA, but failed to form detectable responses to GT. Inbred strain 13 animals, on the other hand, responded to GT, but not to GA. The (2 x 13)F(1) hybrids responded to both GA and GT with both delayed hypersensitivity and circulating antibody. Thus, the ability of these inbred guinea pigs to respond immunologically to GA or GT is controlled by distinct autosomal dominant genes. A variable percentage of random-bred guinea pigs, depending on their source as well as their strain, responded to immunization with GA and with GT. All guinea pigs, both inbred and random bred, responded to immunization with GAT. The ability to respond immunologically to GAT, therefore, does not seem to be under simple genetic control. However, the levels of anti-GAT antibody found in the sera of animals lacking the ability to respond to GA were much lower than those detected in GA responder animals.
Characterizing chunks in visual short-term memory: Not more than one feature per dimension?
Authors: Werner X. Schneider, Heiner Deubel, Maria-Barbara Wesenick
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Cowan defines a chunk as “a collection of concepts that have strong associations to one another and much weaker associations to other chunks currently in use.” This definition does not impose any constraints on the nature and number of elements that can be bound into a chunk. We present an experiment to demonstrate that such limitations exist for visual short-term memory, and that their analysis may lead to important insights into properties of visual memory.
OT2-03-01: Incidence of Mastalgia as a Presenting Complaint in Iranian Population with Regard to Age, BMI, Education, Residency (City or Rural), State of Marriage and Compare with Western Countries.
Authors: S Razavi
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract As it is has usually been stated, breast pain (mastalgia) is among the most common (or the commonest) cause of women referring to a breast clinic. The incidence has been reported in different ranges, and some studies (e.g. Canadian groups) have stated that mastalgia has its lowest incidence in middle east (compared to western countries). Based on this information, I have recently planned a study to investigate this issue. To evaluate this data, I planned a questionnaire for every new patient coming to my breast clinic randomly. Every questionnaire was double checked &amp; if still incomplete, was completed by phone communication. The only inclusion criteria were to be a new patient. In this way over 550 questioners were completed during over 4 months. The aim is to find if there is any statistical difference in incidence rate and if there is any, evaluate any demographic difference that can be a cause. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr OT2-03-01.
Y-Box Binding Protein-1 Controls CC Chemokine Ligand-5 (CCL5) Expression in Smooth Muscle Cells and Contributes to Neointima Formation in Atherosclerosis-Prone Mice
Authors: Regina Krohn, Ute Raffetseder, Ilze Bot, Alma Zernecke, Erdenechimeg Shagdarsuren, Elisa A. Liehn, Peter J. van Santbrink, Peter J. Nelson, Erik A. Biessen, Peter R. Mertens, Christian Weber
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— The CC chemokine CCL5/Regulated on Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) is upregulated in mononuclear cells or deposited by activated platelets during inflammation and has been implicated in atherosclerosis and neointimal hyperplasia. We investigated the influence of the transcriptional regulator Y-box binding protein (YB)-1 on CCL5 expression and wire-induced neointimal hyperplasia. Methods and Results— Analysis of the CCL5 promoter revealed potential binding sites for YB-1, and interaction of YB-1 with a sequence at position −204/−173 was confirmed by DNA binding assays. Both YB-1 expression and CC chemokine ligand-5 (CCL5) mRNA expression were increased in neointimal versus medial smooth muscle cells, as analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Overexpression of YB-1 in smooth muscle cells (but not macrophages) enhanced CCL5 transcriptional activity in reporter assays, mRNA and protein expression, and CCL5-mediated monocyte arrest. Carotid arteries of hyperlipidemic apolipoprotein E–deficient mice were subjected to intraluminal transfection with a lentivirus encoding YB-1 short hairpin RNA or empty vector directly after wire injury. Double immunofluorescence revealed YB-1 expression in neointimal smooth muscle cells but not macrophages and colocalization with neointimal CCL5, which was downregulated by YB-1 short hairpin RNA. Neointima formation was decreased significantly after YB-1 knockdown compared with controls and was associated with a diminished content of lesional macrophages. A reduction of lesion formation by YB-1 knockdown was not observed in apolipoprotein E–deficient mice deficient in the CCL5 receptor CCR5 or after treatment with the CCL5 antagonist Met-RANTES, which indicates that YB-1 effects were dependent on CCL5. Conclusions— The transcriptional regulator YB-1 mediates CCL5 expression in smooth muscle cells and thereby contributes to neointimal hyperplasia, thus representing a novel target with which to limit vascular remodeling.
Erythrocyte Transketolase Inhibition, Neuropathy and Uremia
Authors: Lee W. Henderson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

The first clinically successful treatment of renal failure with the artificial kidney by W. J. Kolff in 1943 must be regarded as an empirical triumph. Although several normal solutes had been identified in abnormally high concentration in the blood of uremic patients, there was no information about whether reducing their concentrations would restore symptomatic normality. Cellophane was selected as the dialysis membrane with only a general awareness of its permeability characteristics. The dramatic reversal of symptomatic uremia by dialysis, coupled with the difficulty in assaying the pathophysiologic importance of solutes identified in uremic blood, has slowed work on the identification . . .
La coloscopie double ballon (CDB), une solution pour les coloscopies difficiles: expérience initiale
Authors: G Gay, M Delvaux
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

La technique de progression utilisée pour l'entéroscopie double ballon s'est révélée utile pour la réalisation de coloscopies difficiles, notamment chez des patients multiopérés. Un nouveau coloscope utilisant ce principe (CDB EC-450B15. Fujinon Optical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japon) est disponible depuis peu. Le but de cette étude préliminaire était d'évaluer les propriétés de ce coloscope chez des patients dont la coloscopie classique avait été incomplète en raison de difficultés de progression.
Comparison of 12 different containers for dispensing anti-inflammatory drugs.
Authors: P Le Gallez, H A Bird, V Wright, A P Bennett
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Twelve containers manufactured by 10 pharmaceutical companies for dispensing anti-inflammatory drugs, 10 of which are currently in use in the United Kingdom, have been compared in 99 patients with arthritis of the hands. Patients were given the containers in random order and were asked to open them, extract the tablets, and close them. Patients were questioned on ease of handling at each stage and were then timed on reopening and closing each container. Finally, the patients were asked which container was the best and which was the worst. There was a wide variation in popularity of containers. One was judged outstanding on almost every attribute, and four were preferred over the others on most attributes. A successful container for arthritic hands is likely to have a sharply angulated or "wing" cap placed on a tall slim base that is also angulated. Flip off tops, tops with long threads requiring many turns, very small containers, and glass were regarded as unfavourable. Manufacturers should take note of these findings and, where necessary, consider redesigning the containers.
CQC sets out new inspection regime for hospitals in England
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> To characterise early stages of geographic atrophy (GA) development in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to determine the prognostic value of structural precursor lesions in eyes with intermediate (i) AMD on the subsequent GA progression. <h3>Methods</h3> Structural precursor lesions for atrophic areas (lesion size at least 0.5 mm² in fundus autofluorescence images) were retrospectively identified based on multimodal imaging and evaluated for association with the subsequent GA enlargement rates (square-root transformed, sqrt). A linear mixed-effects model was used to account for the hierarchical nature of the data with a Tukey post hoc test to assess the impact of the local precursor on the subsequent GA progression rate. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 39 eyes with GA of 34 patients with a mean age of 74.4±6.7 (±SD) years were included in this study. Five precursor lesions (phenotypes 1–5) preceding GA development were identified: large, sub-retinal pigment epithelial drusen (n=19), reticular pseudodrusen (RPD, n=10), refractile deposits (n=4), pigment epithelial detachment (n=4) and vitelliform lesions (n=2). Precursor lesions exhibited a significant association with the subsequent (sqrt) GA progression rates (p=0.0018) with RPD (phenotype 2) being associated with the fastest GA enlargement (2.29±0.52 (±SE) mm/year. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The results indicate the prognostic relevance of iAMD phenotyping for subsequent GA progression highlighting the role of structural AMD features across different AMD stages.
The Role of Autoimmunity in Hypoendocrine and Hyperendocrine Function
Authors: ROBERT VOLPÉ
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

There is considerable evidence to suggest that the organspecific autoimmune endocrinopathies are primary disorders of the lymphoid system. Although proof is not complete, the basic genetic defect in each condition may be one of immune surveillance, that is, a defect in suppressor "T" lymphocytes. Combinations of two or more of these conditions may be due to the concurrence of two or more specific defects in immune control, as well as the random appearance of the appropriate self-directed "forbidden" clones of lymphocytes. In this concept, there is no need for antigenic alteration (only antigenic availability) to initiate these disorders. Both cell-mediated and humoral immunity seem essential, with roles for immune complexes and "killer" cells as well. Antireceptor antibodies are of particular interest in Graves' disease, where they are stimulatory: other antireceptor antibodies have been found that are blocking antibodies, and others may merely bind without either stimulating or blocking.