tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Colonoscopy-assisted percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy to avoid a gastrocolocutaneous fistula of the transverse colon
Authors: Yosho Fukita, Yoshiki Katakura, Seitaro Adachi, Ikuma Yasuda, Tsutoshi Asaki, Michifumi Toyomizu, Hiroyuki Ishibashi
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

An 80-year-old woman with a nasogastric tube in situ for cerebral infarction sequelae was referred for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). The abdominal computed tomography scan on admission showed that the transverse colon was interposed between the anterior abdominal wall and the stomach ([Fig. 1]). The usual PEG placement posed a high risk of piercing the transverse colon. A fluoroscopy-assisted colonoscopy was performed, which showed that the transverse colon was present in the upper abdomen ([Fig. 2 a]). While maintaining the tip of the colonoscope at the hepatic flexure, the transverse colon was moved toward the pelvis under fluoroscopic guidance by using a twisting maneuver of the scope shaft. While the colonoscope was in situ, the esophagogastroduodenoscope was inserted ([Fig. 2 b]). The stomach was expanded as usual to perform the PEG. PEG feeding was initiated as usual without problems. When the PEG button was replaced with a new one 6 months later, no specific abnormalities were observed.
Innate lymphoid cells responding to IL-33 mediate airway hyperreactivity independently of adaptive immunity
Authors: Hye Young Kim, Ya-Jen Chang, Srividya Subramanian, Hyun-Hee Lee, Lee A. Albacker, Ponpan Matangkasombut, Paul B. Savage, Andrew N.J. McKenzie, Dirk E. Smith, James B. Rottman, Rosemarie H. DeKruyff, Dale T. Umetsu
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
REMOVAL OF STRANGULATED SPLEEN IN A CHILD.
Authors: W. L. WALLACE
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The spleen is hung so loosely in the upper part of the abdomen that it seems strange that it is not more often dislocated. At an autopsy or an operation it is generally possible to pass the hand through a median incision and, grasping the pedicle as a handle, easily draw the spleen outside of the body. The spleen is often enlarged, as in acute fevers and infections; or in chronic diseases, as malaria, leukemia, anemia, cirrhosis of the liver, heart disease, and in tumors or tuberculosis of the spleen itself. These enlarged spleens seldom get out of position, showing that abnormal size is not usually the cause of displacement. Ordinarily the spleen stays in position, moved up and down by the diaphragm, and pushed back and forth by the stomach, but remaining in the upper left-hand corner of the abdomen, resting on the splenic flexure of the colon, its
Acute Osteomyelitis and Septic Arthritis
Authors: N. Capener
Journal: BMJ (1952)

Although it is true that the outlook in acute osteo- myelitis and septic arthritis has been almost miraculously changed by the use of penicillin, successful treat- ment still requires early diagnosis, first-class medical and nursing care under continuous supervision, and adequate local and general supportive measures.In this article the discussion is limited to blood-borne pyo- genic infections, and in particular to the bone and joint disease of children usually due to infection by Staphylococcus aureus.
CATARACT EYE SPECULUM
Authors: George Huston Bell
Journal: JAMA (1925)

This speculum is designed to lay over the nose with the hinge or joint over the nonoperated eye, leaving the temporal region, on the side of the operation, entirely free from parts that might in any way limit the operator's freedom or come into accidental contact with the cataract knife or other sharp instruments. Special attention is directed to the distinctive form of the lower arm of the speculum, which is bent sharply upward, and returns, crossing the straight upper arm in the median line (anatomically speaking). The object of this bend is to have the two arms of the speculum cross the nose at the same level; otherwise the speculum is tilted out at the bottom and dislodged. The speculum is easily inserted and firmly retained, regardless of the size or shape of the nose. The speculum was devised particularly for cataract operations to give the operator perfect freedom
Gross Genomic Aberrations in Precancers: Clinical Implications of a Long-Term Follow-Up Study in Oral Erythroplakias
Authors: Jon Sudbø, Wanja Kildal, Anne C. Johannessen, Hanna S. Koppang, Asle Sudbø, Håvard E. Danielsen, Björn Risberg, Albrecht Reith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: Gross genomic aberrations are increasingly seen as a cause rather than a consequence of carcinogenesis. Carcinomas may be prevented by systemically acting agents when used in high-risk individuals. If gross genomic aberrations could be shown to be predictive markers in precancers, they could serve as a tool for identifying high-risk individuals to be included in chemopreventive trials. PATIENTS AND METHODS: To investigate the predictive power of gross genomic aberrations in several types of oral premalignancies, we analyzed 57 biopsies from oral erythroplakias of 37 patients, both histologically and for DNA content. DNA content was measured by high-resolution image cytometry, and distribution histograms of DNA content were generated and interpreted according to established protocols. The primary end point was cancer-free survival. RESULTS: Fifty-seven dysplastic oral red lesions from 37 patients were investigated. Forty-one lesions from 25 patients were classified with aberrant DNA content (DNA aneuploidy), of which 23 patients (92%) later developed an oral carcinoma (after a median observation time of 53 months; range, 29 to 79 months). Of 12 patients having altogether 16 lesions with normal DNA content, none developed a carcinoma (median observation time, 98 months; range, 23 to 163 months; P &lt; .001). In multivariate analysis, DNA content was a significant prognostic factor (P &lt; .001), whereas histologic grade, sex, use of tobacco, size and location of lesions, and the presence multiple of lesions were not. CONCLUSION: Gross genomic aberrations are highly predictive for the subsequent occurrence of carcinomas from a wide range of oral premalignancies.
Teach me to hear mermaids singing
Authors: C. Vaughan
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Five months ago I developed a chest infection which would not clear up. I had been overworking: four part time jobs, three children, Christmas with its expectations, and a winter of coughs and colds. My general practitioner suggested a chest x ray examination. I went with my 5 year old daughter in tow. The result was extraordinary and the radiologist looked suitably impressed. My daughter turned to me, “Mummy, has your cancer come back?” “I am afraid it has, my love,” I replied.

At first I crept into my bed and withdrew from the world and howled. How preposterous not to see my lovely children grow up. How unbearable to have had only half my life with my love. How disappointing to leave all my exciting work plans at such a vulnerable but optimistic stage.

So, four years after the first diagnosis, I have a tumour like an avocado pear in my right lung and a small crescent of functioning liver remaining. I am probably dying: the biggest adventure of all. The past five months have appalled, surprised, and exhilarated me and given me insights into my life in a totally unexpected way. I would like to share some of this richness.

Breast cancer is a roller coaster of an illness with windows of complete wellbeing, the last of which lasted two and a half years. I was more than well. I was fired with energy and vigour. I focused on my family with an …
Anti-MIT3 antibodies in systemic sclerosis
Authors: I. Cavazzana, M. Taraborelli, A. Ceribelli, M. Fredi, G. Norman, M. Satoh, F. Franceschini
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background and objectives</h3> Antimitochondrial (AMA) is considered the serological hallmark of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Other autoantibodies recognising nuclear dots (Sp100) and nuclear pore complex proteins (gp-210) are associated to severe PBC, but they are found by less available methods. An ELISA with a combination of three mitochondrial antigens (MIT3), Sp100 and gp-210 has been recently developed. The aim of our study was to analyse the prevalence, associations and the fine specificity of antibodies to MIT3, Sp100 and gp210 in a cohort of Italian patients affected by systemic sclerosis (SSc). <h3>Materials and methods</h3> 201 sera were analysed by ELISA (Quanta Lite TM ELISA; INOVA Diagnostics Inc, San Diego, California, USA) for the detection of antibodies to MIT3 (using goat anti-human IgA and IgG antibodies), Sp100 and gp210. Antinuclear, anti-ENA and anti-RNA polymerase III were detected by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), counterimmunoelectrophoresis and ELISA, respectively. AMA were identified by IIF on rodent kidney/stomach/liver tissue sections. The diagnosis of SSc and PBC were assessed according to LeRoy criteria and EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines. More than 99% of patients were Caucasians of Italian ancestry. <h3>Results</h3> Antibodies to combination of MIT3, gp210 or Sp100 (anti-PBC screen+) were detected in 21% of cases (43 sera): anti-MIT3 were found in 36, anti-Sp100 in 5 and anti-gp210 in 1 serum. Anticentromere (ACA) and AMA were more frequently detected in anti-PBC screen+ when compared with 158 negative group (p=0.0005 and p=0.001). When the authors considered only ACA+ patients, AMA and PBC were more frequently found in anti-PBC screen+ cases (p=0.02 and p=0.0009). Analysing the anti-MIT3 isotypes (36 sera), the authors found isolated IgG in 44.5%, IgA in 33.4%, IgG+IgA in 22%. Autoantibodies and clinical features of SSc didn9t show a different distribution between groups, except for skin ulcers and pulmonary hypertension more frequently detected in isolated IgG and in total IgG anti-MIT3 cases, respectively. AMA were more frequently detected in IgA+IgG versus IgA or IgG anti-MIT3 groups (p=0.005 and p=0.002). IgA+IgG anti-MIT3 showed a more frequent diagnosis of PBC and elevation of serum ALP (considered a marker of liver disease severity) despite of urso-deoxycholic acid treatment, when compared with others (p=0.014 and p=0.04). Anti-MIT3 antibodies showed a good sensitivity and specificity (75% and 85%, respectively) for PBC diagnosis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The availability of fully automated ELISA could enhance the possibility of finding different autoantibodies considered markers of PBC in routine laboratory analysis, avoiding assays with diversified antigen sources. The anti-MIT3 isotypes characterisation could improve the assessment of patients with PBC, with higher risk of disease severity.
Primary Intrathoracic Goiter on Scintigraphy
Authors: Jose R. Infante, Justo Serrano, Juan I. Rayo, Luz Dominguez, Ramon Gomez-Tejada, Juan J. Pimentel, Roman S??nchez
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

A 69-year-old woman with a history of goiter and thyrotoxicosis over the previous year was seen for radioiodine therapy. At the time of a previous ablation with I-131, a thyroid scan was performed after administration of Tc-99m sodium pertechnetate. Scintigraphy showed an enlarged thyroid gland with increased thyroid uptake in the neck at its normal location along with mediastinal uptake. Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed an anterior mediastinal mass. This mass was excised. Histologic study demonstrated an ectopic primary intrathoracic nodular goiter at the site of increased activity seen on Tc-99m pertechnetate imaging.
The Breast Cancer Screening Controversy Continues
Authors: Wende W. Logan-Young
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 May 1993The Breast Cancer Screening Controversy ContinuesWende W. Logan-Young, MD, Nancy Yanes Hoffmann, MD, and Joyce Janus, MDWende W. Logan-Young, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Nancy Yanes Hoffmann, MDSearch for more papers by this author, and Joyce Janus, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-9-199305010-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:You are to be congratulated for reminding internists of their obligation to teach and perform a competent breast examination on every female patient [1]. Nevertheless, your recommendations, based on the Canadian study [2], to abolish screening mammography for women under the age of 50 render a grievous disservice to such women. The Canadian Study's obviously inferior mammograms were incapable of discovering early breast cancer and thus could not improve chances of survival.In 1980, the University of Toronto asked one of us to serve as a mammographic consultant for this study. After a few months of never ...References1. Fletcher SW, Fletcher RH. The breast is close to the heart. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:969-71. Google Scholar2. Miller AB, Baines CJ, To T, Wall C. Canadian National Breast Screening Study: 1. Breast cancer detection and death rates among women aged 40 to 49 years. Can Med Assoc J. 1992; 147:1459-88. Google Scholar3. Shapiro S. Periodic Screening for Breast Cancer: the Health Insurance Plan Project and Its Sequelae, 1963-1986. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press; 1988. Google Scholar4. Tabar L, Fagerberg G, Duffy SW, Day NE, Gas A, Grontoft O. Update of the Swedish two-county program of mammographic screening for breast cancer. Radiol Clin North Am. 1992; 30:187-210. Google Scholar5. Verbeek A, Hendricks J, Holland R, Holland RA, Holland RB, Holland RC, et al. Mammographic screening and breast cancer mortality: age-specific effects in the Nijmegen Project 1975-1982. Lancet. 1985; 1:865-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Wende W. Logan-Young, MD; Nancy Yanes Hoffmann, MD; Joyce Janus, MDAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1993Volume 118, Issue 9Page: 746-749KeywordsBreast cancerBreast cancer screeningHipMammographyMortalityRadiologists ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 May 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
<i>Salmonella enteritidis</i> Gastroenteritis Transmitted by Intact Chicken Eggs
Authors: Ban Mishu, Patricia M. Griffin, Robert V. Tauxe, Daniel N. Cameron, Robert H. Hutcheson, William Schaffner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

To determine the source and to describe the clinical importance of a large outbreak of Salmonella enteritidis gastroenteritis in Tennessee, which is outside the geographic focus of the S. enteritidis pandemic.A case-control study and tracing of the source eggs.A Tennessee community and a large layer farm in Indiana.Case patients ate at the implicated restaurant and subsequently developed S. enteritidis gastroenteritis; controls ate with the case patients, but did not develop gastroenteritis.Eighty-one case patients were identified; 73 (90%) had eaten egg-containing sauces at a local restaurant on a given evening. The eggs were traced to their farm of origin in Indiana. The farm was inspected 5 weeks after the outbreak.Of 24 patients with culture-proved cases, 11 were hospitalized. Hollandaise and bernaise sauces prepared with intact, extra-large, grade-A eggs were strongly associated with illness (P less than 0.001). Salmonella enteritidis was isolated from specimens collected from chickens and the farm. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, phage typing, and plasmid profiles of isolates from the farm and from patients were indistinguishable.Salmonella enteritidis infection is a large and growing public health problem that is spreading beyond the northeastern United States. This study shows a direct link between infected poultry flocks and an outbreak of human illness.
Donor countries should ensure donated funds reach health workers
Authors: Deborah Cohen, Stephanie Rich
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Half of all money donated to poor countries should be spent on public services to enable recipient countries to pay healthcare workers, the United Kingdom's international development minister Gareth Thomas has said.

His comments came at the first meeting of the all party parliamentary group on AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria and soon after the launch of a report from the African Medical and Research Foundation that sets out recommendations for the UK and other donor and African countries to tackle the serious shortage of health workers.

The report cites estimates of a worldwide shortage of 4.2 …
<i>ERAP1</i> Gene Expression Is Influenced by Nonsynonymous Polymorphisms Associated With Predisposition to Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Félicie Costantino, Alice Talpin, Irini Evnouchidou, Amir Kadi, Ariane Leboime, Roula Said‐Nahal, Nelly Bonilla, Franck Letourneur, Tifenn Leturcq, Zeyna Ka, Peter van Endert, Henri‐Jean Garchon, Gilles Chiocchia, Maxime Breban
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2015)

Several polymorphisms in ERAP1 are strongly associated with susceptibility to spondyloarthritis (SpA). The combination of rs17482078, rs10050860, and rs30187 results in the construction of 3 major haplotypes that are associated with SpA (the "protective" haplotype T/T/C, the "neutral" haplotype C/C/C, and the "susceptibility" haplotype C/C/T). The aim of the present study was to determine whether such haplotypes might affect endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP-1) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, protein level, and/or enzymatic activity in antigen-presenting cells, a type of cell that is potentially relevant to disease pathogenesis.Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) were generated in 2 cohorts (a discovery cohort and a replication cohort) comprising a total of 23 SpA patients and 44 healthy controls. Lymphoblastoid B cell lines were established from individuals who were homozygous for the risk, the neutral, or the protective ERAP1 haplotype, respectively. In those samples, we investigated the relationship between ERAP1 haplotypes and mRNA expression level. We also used Western blot analysis to measure the relative protein expression of ERAP-1 and a fluorogenic assay to measure its enzymatic activity.In monocyte-derived DCs, there was a strong association between ERAP1 haplotypes and the ERAP-1 mRNA expression level, with higher levels in subjects harboring the susceptibility haplotype (P = 0.001 and P = 5.6 × 10(-7) in the discovery and replication cohorts, respectively). In lymphoblastoid B cell lines, we observed a significant correlation between haplotype risk score and ERAP1 transcript or protein level (P = 0.003, ρ = 0.92 for both). Enzymatic activity followed a similar trend both in monocyte-derived DCs and in lymphoblastoid B cell lines.These data provide strong evidence that SpA-associated ERAP1 polymorphisms affect the level of gene expression in antigen-presenting cells. How increased production/activity of ERAP-1 may influence susceptibility to SpA remains to be determined.
Reentrant ventricular arrhythmias in the late myocardial infarction period. Interruption of reentrant circuits by cryothermal techniques.
Authors: N El-Sherif, R Mehra, W B Gough, R H Zeiler
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Both sustained and nonsustained ventricular tachycardias were reproducibly induced in dogs 3 to 5 days after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Isochronal maps of ventricular activation were constructed from close bipolar electrograms recorded from the entire epicardial surface and selected intramural sites by a computerized multiplexing technique. The electrophysiologic data were correlated with the anatomic characteristics of the infarction. The induced tachycardias were due to reentrant activation in the surviving epicardial layer overlying the infarction. Cooling or cryoablation was applied to localized epicardial sites along the reentrant circuit to reversibly or permanently interrupt reentrant activation. The reentrant circuit could be consistently interrupted when cooling or cryoablation was applied to the distal part of the common reentrant wave front proximal to the site of earliest reactivation. Localized cooling of the site of earliest reactivation usually failed to interrupt reentry because the common reentrant wave front reactivated other sites close to the original reactivation site. Before interruption of reentry, cooling resulted in characteristic changes in conduction of the reentrant wave front. The study (1) fulfills Mines' criteria that circus movement reentry is the mechanism of the induced rhythms in this canine experimental model and (2) identifies the critical site along the reentrant circuit at which cryothermal ablation (or surgical interruption) of reentrant activation could be successfully accomplished.
"Rachi-Resistance" and Spinal Anaesthesia
Authors: W. R. Black, G. A. B. Walters
Journal: BMJ (1937)

PLASMODIUM OVALE INFECTION peutic purposes.Quinine treatment was instituted, and on November 2 only a few parasites were present.She had no further relapses and no more parasites were found.Case II A police commissioner was first seen on December 9, 1935, fourteen days after his arrival in England.He had served for seventeen months in Nigeria, where he had suffered from insomnia and loss of energy, and had complained of pain in the left side, which was attributed to a renal calculus.His spleen was slightly enlarged, but prolonged search revealed no malaria parasites in his blood.On January 15, 1936, he complained that during the three previous weeks he had had several mild attacks of fever; they always occurred at night, and were accompanied by pain in the lumbar region.The spleen was now found to be hard and large, and examination of blood films disclosed a heavy P. ovale infection in all stages of development.Atebrin treatment was begun, and on February 1 the spleen was normal again, the blood free from parasites, and he had had no further pyrexial attacks. Case IllThe wife of a company official had been two years in Stanleyville (Belgian Congo), where she had had one attack of malaria in March, 1935.She had a second attack in the following December, which lasted for five days and necessi- tated hospital treatment.She returned to England on July 14, 1936.and eight days later had an attack of fever with rigor, which began at 6.30 p.m. and was associated with pain in the centre of the abdomen.Atebrin treatment was com- menced, but was interrupted by the removal of the patient's appendix on July 24.Two days afterwards the pyrexia returned, the temperature reaching 103' F.; she vomited, and had pain in the back.The spleen was slightly enlarged, and examination of blood films showed numerous half-grown P. ovale parasites.Atebrin treatm.entwas recommenced, and the patient rnade an uninterrupted recovery.Case IV An engineer had served one and a half vears in Sierra Leone, during which time he had had several mild attacks of fever.In September, 1935, his appendix was removed.When seen first on April 3, 1936, he complained of pain over the gall-bladder area, and was neurasthenic.The spleen was then not enlarged, and no parasites were found in the blood.On May 27 he stated that he had suffered from daily attacks of fever in the evenings, with aching in the bones and lumbar region.The spleen was now much enlarged, and blood films showed a fairly heavy infection with half-grown and gameto- cyte forms of P. ovale.He reacted immediately to atebrin treatment, the aches and pains disappearing on the second dav.On August 28 the neurasthenic symptoms had subsided, the spleen was normal, and the blood showed no further evidence of infection.