tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Favorable effects of total paracentesis on splanchnic hemodynamics in cirrhotic patients with tense ascites*1
Authors: A LUCA
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Total paracentesis is widely used in the treatment of patients with cirrhosis and tense ascites. However, very little information is available regarding its consequences on splanchnic circulation, and its effects on portocollateral blood flow have not been investigated. Ten cirrhotic patients admitted because of tense ascites had measurements of hepatic and systemic hemodynamics, renal function and endogenous vasoactive neurohumoral systems at baseline, just after total paracentesis and 1 hr later. Total paracentesis caused a significant increase in cardiac output (+11%; 95% confidence interval, +4% to +19%) and a rapid fall in portal pressure, as shown by significant decreases in both the wedged hepatic venous pressure (-27% +/- 8%; p < 0.005) and the hepatic venous pressure gradient (-10%; 95% confidence interval, -3% to -18%). This was accompanied by a marked decrease in azygos blood flow (-28%; 95% confidence interval, -13% to -43%). These favorable hemodynamic effects were associated with a fall of the elevated levels of plasma renin activity (-47% +/- 9%; p < 0.05), plasma aldosterone (-31% +/- 21%; p < 0.05) and plasma norepinephrine and by a decrease in levels of serum creatinine (-24% +/- 15%; p < 0.05) and blood urea nitrogen (-4% +/- 3%; p < 0.05). These changes were maintained 1 hr later. This study indicates that in patients with cirrhosis and tense ascites total paracentesis favorably influences the systemic hemodynamics, portocollateral blood flow and portal pressure.
We need a Sunshine Act in the UK
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The United States is different. Its citizens have far too many horribly straight, white teeth. They wear checks, stripes, and bold colours all at the same time, all topped off with a baseball cap. They speak so loudly that you would swear they had a hearing impairment (probably caused by loud whooping as teenagers). 

America’s style of medicine is foreign to us, too. The dogma of free enterprise allows direct to consumer advertising, which has made drug names as well known as Coca-Cola. Costs have soared, and new drugs have been widely prescribed, often off label, leading to polypharmacy, …
Combinatorial Biomatrix/Cell‐Based Therapies for Restoration of Host Tissue Architecture and Function
Authors: David Antonio Cantu, W. John Kao
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Abstract This Progress Report reviews recent advances in the utility of extracellular matrix (ECM)‐mimic biomaterials in presenting and delivering therapeutic cells to promote tissue healing. This overview gives a brief introduction of different cell types being used in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering while addressing critical issues that must be overcome before cell‐based approaches can be routinely employed in the clinic. A selection of five commonly used cell‐associated, biomaterial platforms (collagen, hyaluronic acid, fibrin, alginate, and poly(ethylene glycol)) are reviewed for treatment of a number of acute injury or diseases with emphasis on animal models and clinical trials. This article concludes with current challenges and future perspectives regarding foreign body host response to biomaterials and immunological reactions to allogeneic or xenogeneic cells, vascularization and angiogenesis, matching mechanical strength and anisotropy of native tissues, as well as other non‐technical issues regarding the clinical translation of biomatrix/cell‐based therapies.
Abstract 2571: The effect of 15-deoxy-α12,14-prostaglandin J2 on osteolytic bone metastasis by breast cancer cells
Authors: Ki-Rim Kim, Won-Yoon Chung, Kwang-Kyun Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The majority of patients dying from cancer of the breast or prostate have metastases to bone. Bone is a dynamic tissue and metastatic breast cancer cells indirectly induce osteoclast-mediated bone resorption by secreting osteolytic factors, resulting in the increase of bone destruction. 15-deoxy-α12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2), an endogenous ligand for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, is the electrophilic cyclopentenone prostaglandin as one of the terminal products of the cyclooxygenase-2-catalyzed reactions. Through the post-translational modification of redox and inflammatory signaling molecules, this prostaglandin exerts various biological actions, such as potent anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, anti-fibrotic, and apoptotic activities. In particular, 15d-PGJ2 has been known to exhibit anti-tumor effects in a variety of cancers. This study explores the in vitro and in vivo effect of 15d-PGJ2 on osteolytic bone metastasis by breast cancer cells. 15d-PGJ2 inhibited the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 metastatic human breast cancer cells, in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with 15d-PGJ2 inhibited osteoclast formation and reduced pit formation by osteoclast activity in receptor activator of the NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-treated mouse bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). In differentiated osteoclasts, the activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cathepsin K markedly decreased by 15d-PGJ2 treatment. Furthermore, we inoculated MDA-MB-231 cells into the left cardiac ventricle of nude mice and then subcutaneously injected 15d-PGJ2 for 6 weeks. The histomorphometrical analysis, including bone volume and microstructure, revealed that 15d-PGJ2 inhibited bone destruction by metastatic breast cancer cells. These results demonstrate that 15d-PGJ2 may inhibit migration/invasion of breast cancer cells, prevent RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation/ activity, and suppress breast cancer cells-mediated osteolytic lesion in mice. Thus, 15d-PGJ2 can be a therapeutic agent for cancer metastasis to bone. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2571. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2571
Directing Valvular Interstitial Cell Myofibroblast‐Like Differentiation in a Hybrid Hydrogel Platform
Authors: Jesper Hjortnaes, Gulden Camci‐Unal, Joshua D. Hutcheson, Sung Mi Jung, Frederick J. Schoen, Jolanda Kluin, Elena Aikawa, Ali Khademhosseini
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Three dimensional (3D) hydrogel platforms are powerful tools, providing controllable, physiologically relevant microenvironments that could aid in understanding how various environmental factors direct valvular interstitial cell (VIC) phenotype. Continuous activation of VICs and their transformation from quiescent fibroblast to activated myofibroblast phenotype is considered to be an initiating event in the onset of valve disease. However, the relative contribution VIC phenotypes is poorly understood since most 2D culture systems lead to spontaneous VIC myofibroblastic activation. Here, a hydrogel platform composed of photocrosslinkable versions of native valvular extracellular matrix components—methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) and methacrylated gelatin (GelMA)—is proposed as a 3D culture system to study VIC phenotypic changes. These results show that VIC myofibroblast‐like differentiation occurs spontaneously in mechanically soft GelMA hydrogels. Conversely, differentiation of VICs encapsulated in HAMA‐GelMA hybrid hydrogels, does not occur spontaneously and requires exogenous delivery of TGFβ1, indicating that hybrid hydrogels can be used to study cytokine‐dependent transition of VICs. This study demonstrates that a hybrid hydrogel platform can be used to maintain a quiescent VIC phenotype and study the effect of environmental cues on VIC activation, which will aid in understanding pathobiology of valvular disease.
Fatty acid–induced gut-brain signaling attenuates neural and behavioral effects of sad emotion in humans
Authors: Lukas Van Oudenhove, Shane McKie, Daniel Lassman, Bilal Uddin, Peter Paine, Steven Coen, Lloyd Gregory, Jan Tack, Qasim Aziz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Although a relationship between emotional state and feeding behavior is known to exist, the interactions between signaling initiated by stimuli in the gut and exteroceptively generated emotions remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the interaction between nutrient-induced gut-brain signaling and sad emotion induced by musical and visual cues at the behavioral and neural level in healthy nonobese subjects undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Subjects received an intragastric infusion of fatty acid solution or saline during neutral or sad emotion induction and rated sensations of hunger, fullness, and mood. We found an interaction between fatty acid infusion and emotion induction both in the behavioral readouts (hunger, mood) and at the level of neural activity in multiple pre-hypothesized regions of interest. Specifically, the behavioral and neural responses to sad emotion induction were attenuated by fatty acid infusion. These findings increase our understanding of the interplay among emotions, hunger, food intake, and meal-induced sensations in health, which may have important implications for a wide range of disorders, including obesity, eating disorders, and depression.
Mining the literature: new methods to exploit keyword profiles
Authors: Miguel A Andrade-Navarro
Journal: Genome Medicine (2012)

Bibliographic records in the PubMed database of biomedical literature are annotated with Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) by curators, which summarize the content of the articles. Two recent publications explain how to generate profiles of MeSH terms for a set of bibliographic records and to use them to define any given concept by its associated literature. These concepts can then be related by their keyword profiles, and this can be used, for example, to detect new associations between genes and inherited diseases.http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/13/249/abstracthttp://genomemedicine.com/content/4/9/75/abstract.
Is there hope for South Asia?
Authors: Zulfiqar Bhutta, Samiran Nundy, Kamran Abbasi
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Yes, if we can replicate the models of Kerala and Sri Lanka 

Two years turned the Indian subcontinent into South Asia. Between 14 August 1947 and 4 February 1948, India, Pakistan (its eastern part would later become Bangladesh), and Sri Lanka all gained independence from the British Empire. Amid the optimism of independence, the new states were comparable in population health and development indicators. Their progress since has been different.

This issue of the BMJ maps out the extent of the region's myriad difficulties. Non-communicable and communicable diseases ravage South Asia (see pp 781, 794, 807, 811). Tobacco and pharmaceutical industries are exploiting weak legislation to nurture new markets (pp 778, 780, 801). There is little pride in the progress of surgery (p 782), health research (p 826), or postgraduate education (p 779). Yet one challenge dwarfs all these: the desperate state of maternal and child health. Several articles reinforce the message that the scale of morbidity and mortality caused by neglect of mothers and children …
Book Review Rescuing Science from Politics: Regulation and the Distortion of Scientific Research Edited by Wendy Wagner and Rena Steinzor. 304 pp. New York, Cambridge University Press, 2006. $75 (cloth); $29.99 (paper). 978-0-521-85520-4 (cloth); 978-0-521-54009-4 (paper).
Authors: Chi V. Dang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)
Abstract 4900: The role of Interleukin (IL)-22 on the UVB-induced proliferation and inflammation of human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT
Authors: Yejin Kim, Hyemin Kim, Jiwon Choi, Mirim Jang, Jiyea Choi, Jae Seung Kang, Wang Jae Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Interleukin 22 (IL-22), a member of IL-10 family, is a potent mediator of inflammatory responses. It is produced by activated CD4+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, but IL-22Rα expression is restricted to nonhematopoietic cells in the skin, pancreas, intestine, liver, lung and kidney. IL-22 suppresses IL-4 production from Th2 cells and induces acute phase proteins in liver and pancreas. It is recently found that IL-22 plays a critical role in the maintenance of epidermal homeostasis by controlling cell cycle of keratinocytes. Therefore, we investigated that role of IL-22 on the proliferation and inflammation of ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated human keratinocytes, HaCaT. First, we found the expression of IL-22Rα mRNA and protein level was increased in HaCaT by UVB (100 J/m2) irradiation. Interestingly, the translocation of IL-22Rα from cytosol to membrane was increased by UVB irradiation. When UVB-irradiated HaCaT was cultured in the presence of recombinant IL-22 (rIL-22), the suppressed proliferation of HaCaT by UVB was rescued. In addition, we found that the production of UVB-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1α, IL-6 and IL-18, was increased by the treatment of rIL-22. Taken together, IL-22 plays a critical role in inflammation by UVB irradiation. And it suggests that UVB-induced skin inflammation could effectively be controlled by the regulation of IL-22 production and its action on keratinocytes. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Yejin Kim, Hyemin Kim, Jiwon Choi, Mirim Jang, Jiyea Choi, Jae Seung Kang, Wang Jae Lee. The role of Interleukin (IL)-22 on the UVB-induced proliferation and inflammation of human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4900. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4900
Reduced NK cell cytotoxicity in hepatitis C infection is associated with reduced levels of cytotoxicity markers NKP30 and NKP46
Authors: T. P. I. Pembroke, I. Rees, K. Gallagher, P. Mizen, E. Wang, A. Godkin
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> <i>Background:</i> Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) results in life long chronic infection in the majority of subjects, indicating the virus has developed immunoevasion strategies. Treatment with interferon α (IFNα) and ribavirin is effective in clearing HCV in approximately 40% of genotype 1 and 80% of genotype 2 and 3 infected patients. Results from previous studies are inconclusive regarding the effects of HCV infection on natural killer (NK) cell function. <h3>Aims</h3> To phenotype and assess cytotoxicity of NK cells derived from HCV exposed subjects and healthy controls using multiparameter flow cytometry. <h3>Methods</h3> Mononuclear cells were extracted from heparinised blood samples and liver biopsies where available. NK cells were phenotyped using a panel of monoclonal antibodies to natural cytotoxicity receptors NKp30, NKp46, NKG2D and CD16. Cytotoxicity was measured by surface expression of CD107a (indicating degranulation) after stimulation with IFNα and Huh 7.5 cells or K562 target cells. <h3>Results</h3> Cytotoxicity was strikingly impaired in HCV infected subjects (genotype 1 more than 3) compared to healthy controls. The steady state expression of cytotoxicity receptors NKp30 and NKp46 correlated to the frequency of cells that degranulated. However, these cell surface receptors were down regulated by stimulation, thus rendering direct comparison at the single cell level not possible. Expression of NKG2D did not correlate with increased CD107a expression and the proportion of cells expressing NKG2D did not alter after activation with IFN and target cell lines. The percentage of NK cells expressing NKG2D was increased in HCV infected subjects. <h3>Conclusion</h3> NK cell function is impaired in patients with chronic HCV infection. The authors found that the level of NK cytotoxicity is associated with NKp30 and NKp46 but not NKG2D prior to activation with IFN.
Collateral blood flow after coronary occlusion: influence of barbiturate anaesthesia and thoracotomy
Authors: J. A MELIN, G. M HUTCHINS, L. C BECKER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

A study was undertaken to determine whether barbiturate anaesthesia, with or without thoracotomy, adversely affects collateral blood flow during acute coronary artery occlusion. Twelve dogs were instrumented with an electromagnetic flow probe and pneumatic occluder on the left circumflex artery; seven days later, in the conscious state, complete coronary artery occlusion was induced for 8 min. Heart rate, mean aortic pressure, and subendocardial and subepicardial blood flow in the ischaemic zone were measured by radioactive microspheres before and 5 min into coronary artery occlusion. Measurements were repeated after pentobarbital 30 mg·kg−1 (n=7) and after pentobarbital plus thoracotomy (n=12). Compared with the conscious state, pentobarbital and thoracotomy produced a decrease in endocardial blood flow in the ischaemic zone (0.21(0.04) to 0.15(0.03) ml·min−1·g−1) and a modest redistribution from endocardium to epicardium (ratio of endocardial to epicardial flow 0.55(0.06) to 0.49(0.07) ml·min·1 ·g−1), coincident with an increase in heart rate from 127 to 178 beats·min−1 but no change in mean arterial pressure. Directionally similar, but smaller, changes occurred during anaesthesia without thoracotomy. To determine the role of tachycardia five of the animals were studied in the conscious state during a 50% increase in heart rate induced by atrial pacing. A similar decrease occurred in coronary blood flow as with anaesthesia. The results indicate that barbiturate anaesthesia and thoracotomy produce a diminution in collateral flow to ischaemic myocardium, together with an accentuation of its transmural maldistribution, and suggest that anaesthetic induced tachycardia is primarily responsible for these flow alterations.
Palpation of Arteries in Temporal Arteritis
Authors: C. Miller Fisher
Journal: JAMA (1961)

IN TEMPORAL ARTERITIS, when the inflamed arteries are painful, tender, enlarged, nodular, and pulseless, cursory examination of the vessels will reveal the diagnosis. It has been my personal experience, however, that in many cases none of these classic descriptive terms apply; for example, headache may be minimal or absent, the vessels instead of being swollen no larger in diameter than normal, and the pulses retained. In such cases, reliance usually is placed on arterial biopsy in making the correct diagnosis which, unfortunately, is often established only after permanent unilateral or bilateral blindness has occurred. It is the purpose of this brief note to reemphasize the great value of<i>careful</i>palpation of the superficial temporal artery and its branches in detecting the presence of temporal arteritis in patients whose arteries are not frankly involved.1 When the vessels are the seat of arteritis, the arterial wall is increased several times in
Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma After Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: MARGARET A. TUCKER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Eight cutaneous malignant melanomas occurred in 6 of 1405 patients with Hodgkin's disease, although the expected incidence rate was 0.77 (relative risk, 8; 95% confidence interval, 3 to 17). One melanoma was a thin, level II lesion less than 0.76 mm thick; the rest were mostly bulky, deeply invasive lesions despite close clinical surveillance. The melanomas spread aggressively; 3 of 6 patients died within 1 to 3 years. Two of the six patients developed a second primary malignant melanoma 1 year after the first. Two of six patients had biopsy-proven dysplastic nevus syndrome, a known precursor to cutaneous malignant melanoma, and an additional 3 patients had clinical evidence of dysplastic nevus syndrome. Histologically, the malignant melanomas showed a sparse inflammatory infiltrate, an abnormal host response seen previously in cutaneous melanomas developing in immunosuppressed patients. Dysplastic nevi may identify patients at highest risk who require modified medical management.
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer: Experiences with 54 Cases
Authors: O. Stadelmann, L. Sáfrány, A. Löffler, L. Barna, S. Miederer, J. Papp, C. Käufer, A. Sobbe
Journal: Endoscopy (1974)

Pathological alterations of the ductal system found during ERCP in 1082 examinations were due to pancreatic carcinoma in 54 patients. The diagnosis was confirmed by laparotomy or autopsy. Predominant findings in 42 patients were stenoses, prestenotic dilatation, caliber variation, stop of contrast medium and ductal displacement in pancreatography. In 28 cholangiograms stenoses were most common which were localized in one third of the cases in the proximal common bile duct. Four types may be differentiated: a stenosing type, an obstructed type, a tapering type and a cavernous type. The stenosing type can be divided in a form with and without interruption of the contrast medium column. A precise differential diagnosis between pancreatic carcinoma and chronic pancreatitis is not possible but a long stenosis with or without stop of the contrast medium speaks in favour of a tumorous process.
International uniform response criteria for multiple myeloma
Authors: B G M Durie, J-L Harousseau, J S Miguel, J Bladé, B Barlogie, K Anderson, M Gertz, M Dimopoulos, J Westin, P Sonneveld, H Ludwig, G Gahrton, M Beksac, J Crowley, A Belch, M Boccadaro, I Turesson, D Joshua, D Vesole, R Kyle, R Alexanian, G Tricot, M Attal, G Merlini, R Powles, P Richardson, K Shimizu, P Tosi, G Morgan, S V Rajkumar
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Myalgia and Elevated Creatine Phosphokinase with Danazol® in Hereditary Angioedema
Authors: WILLIAM B. SPAULDING
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1979Myalgia and Elevated Creatine Phosphokinase with Danazol® in Hereditary AngioedemaWILLIAM B. SPAULDING, M.D.WILLIAM B. SPAULDING, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-90-5-854_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Danazol®, a synthetic steroid that inhibits pituitary gonadotropins (1), is effective in preventing attacks of hereditary angioedema (2). Side effects are minor, the commonest being menstrual irregularities or amenorrhea, weight gain, edema, and acne (3). Muscle aching has been mentioned without reference to the plasma level of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) (3, 4). The following summary describes the case of a patient with hereditary angioedema whose attacks stopped when she took Danazol but who had muscle cramps and aching with elevated CPK levels until Danazol was withdrawn.The patient, a 40-year-old woman, began to have bouts of abdominal...References1. POTTS G: Pharmacology of danazol. J Int Med Res 5(suppl 3):1-14, 1977 MedlineGoogle Scholar2. GELFANDSHERINSALLINGFRANK JRDM: Treatment of hereditary angioedema with danazol. Reversal of clinical and biochemical abnormalities. N Engl J Med 295:1444-1448, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. YOUNGBLACKMORE MW: The use of danazol in the management of endometriosis. J Int Med Res 5(suppl 3):86-91, 1977 MedlineGoogle Scholar4. SPOONER J: Classification of side-effects to danazol therapy. J Int Med Res 5 (suppl 3):15-17, 1977 MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: McMaster University Hamilton, ON L8S 4J9, Canada PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited by10 Introduction to the toxicology of muscleRace-gender differences in serum creatine kinase activity: a study among South Africans.Danazol treatment increases serum enzyme levelsThe Enzymology of Skeletal Muscle DisordersDanazol and Thyroid FunctionJACOBO WORTSMAN, M.D., JACK HIRSCHOWITZ, M.D., NORMAN SOLER, M.D. 1 May 1979Volume 90, Issue 5Page: 854-854KeywordsAcneBlood plasmaCreatineCreatinine phosphokinaseEdemaGonadotropinsHereditary angioedemaMusclesMyalgiaWeight gain Issue Published: 1 May 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...