tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Charity calls on governments to give 10% of funding to people orphaned by AIDS
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A Swiss charity that campaigns on behalf of people orphaned by AIDS has launched a campaign to persuade governments around the world to devote 10% of the money they spend on the disease to help the children left vulnerable in the wake of the epidemic.

The Association Francois-Xavier Bagnoud, which established an annual world AIDS orphans day in 2002, claims that fewer than one in 10 orphans receives support from anyone outside their family.

Figures from Unicef show that more than 15 million children worldwide have lost one or both parents to AIDS. By 2010 the …
The Role of the (18)F-Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography Scan in the Nederlands Leuvens Longkanker Screenings Onderzoek Lung Cancer Screening Trial
Authors: Susan C. van't Westeinde, Harry J. de Koning, Frederik B. Thunnissen, Matthijs Oudkerk, Harry J.M. Groen, Jan-Willem J. Lammers, Carla Weenink, Rene Vernhout, Kristiaan Nackaerts, Willem Mali, Rob J. van Klaveren
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
SAMUEL FULLER—PILGRIM, DOCTOR AND DEACON.
Authors: I. N. DANFORTH
Journal: JAMA (1901)

"The names of those which came over first, in ye year 1620, and were by the blessing of God the first beginers and (in a sort) the foundation of all the Plantations and Colonies in New England; and their families."<sup>1</sup>So reads the quaint caption of Governor William Bradford's list of the<i>Mayflower</i>passengers, appended to his "History of Plimouth Plantation." Among the passengers, we read the name of "Mr. Samuell Fuller, and a servant caled William Butten. His wife was behind, a child which came afterwards."<sup>2</sup>Bridget Fuller, the wife of "Samuell," with a child who soon died, came over in the ship<i>Anne</i>, and landed at Plymouth in August, 1623; hence, both Samuel Fuller and his wife are properly classed among the "old comers" or the "forefathers," as the forefathers included all those who came in the first three ships; the<i>Mayflower</i>, the<i>Fortune</i>, and the
Oesophageal manometry: how well does it predict oesophageal function.
Authors: C O Russell, G Whelan
Journal: Gut (1987)

The variability in manometric measurements of oesophageal peristalsis was assessed in 10 volunteers. The amplitude, velocity and duration of the peristaltic waves resulting from 10 separate 10 ml boluses of water were measured at fixed distances above the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS). After a 10 minute rest period with the manometry catheter still in situ peristaltic values in response to a second group of 10 10 ml boluses were measured. The measurement of peristaltic amplitude at a fixed distance above the LOS showed wide interindividual variation--for example, at 8 cm above the LOS the variation between individuals was marked (p less than 0.001). At the same site, however, there was only a small intra individual variation noted with time (p greater than 0.25). Similar differences were noted at 16 and 4 cm above the LOS. For the first group of swallows, while the interindividual variation remained high (p less than 0.025), the measurement variation from site to site was of lesser magnitude (p greater than 0.1). Similar findings were noted for interindividual variation and site to site variation at the second group of swallows. The values for velocity showed a similar pattern of variation. From this study we conclude that manometric measurements can be used as a valid method for assessing the effects of drugs on peristalsis in individuals provided all measurements are made at the exact same level in the oesophagus and 'normal' subjects with a large inherent variation are excluded. Any studies comparing peristaltic values in different population groups - for example, normal v reflux patients, may not detect any significant difference even with large sample numbers. Any differences detected may be of no clinical importance because of the large normal variation.
Book Review Chromosome Abnormalities and Genetic Counseling (Oxford Monographs on Medical Genetics. No. 29.) Second edition. By R.J. McKinlay Gardner and Grant R. Sutherland. 478 pp., illustrated. New York, Oxford University Press, 1996. $59.50. 0-19-510615-6
Authors: F. Clarke Fraser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)
ON THE USE OF CALCIUM SALTS IN PNEUMONIA
Authors: W. Ewart
Journal: BMJ (1907)

<h3>Abstract</h3> COVID-19 poses a major challenge to care homes, as SARS-CoV-2 is readily transmitted and causes disproportionately severe disease in older people. Here, we report on 6,600 COVID-19 cases from the East of England, 1,167 of which were identified as residents from 337 care homes. Older age and being a care home resident were associated with increased mortality. SARS-CoV-2 genomes were available for 700 residents from 292 care homes. By integrating genomic and temporal data we defined 409 viral clusters within the 292 homes, indicating two different patterns - outbreaks among care home residents and independent introductions with limited onward transmission. Approximately 70% of residents in the genomic analysis were admitted to hospital during the study period, providing extensive opportunities for transmission between care homes and hospitals. Limiting viral transmission between care home residents should be a key target for infection control to reduce COVID-19 mortality in this population.
Sam Ho, MD
Authors: Fitzhugh Mullan
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
British American Tobacco is drawn into Israeli damages claim
Authors: Judy Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (2005)

British American Tobacco (BAT) has been added by the Jerusalem district court as a defendant in a multibillion dollar lawsuit over compensation for damage to members of Israel's largest health maintenance organisation.

Clalit Health Services is seeking compensation for its healthcare expenses incurred from smoking related illnesses caused by cigarettes manufactured and advertised by the defendants.

Court judge Yosef Shapira handed down a legal precedent on Thursday 3 November when he ruled that a holding company that does not itself deal directly …
Nitric Oxide Regulation of Myocardial Contractility and Calcium Cycling
Authors: Shakil A. Khan, Michel W. Skaf, Robert W. Harrison, Kwangho Lee, Khalid M. Minhas, Anil Kumar, Mike Fradley, Artin A. Shoukas, Dan E. Berkowitz, Joshua M. Hare
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

The mechanisms by which nitric oxide (NO) influences myocardial Ca2+ cycling remain controversial. Because NO synthases (NOS) have specific spatial localization in cardiac myocytes, we hypothesized that neuronal NOS (NOS1) found in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) preferentially regulates SR Ca2+ release and reuptake resulting in potentiation of the cardiac force-frequency response (FFR). Transesophageal pacing (660 to 840 bpm) in intact C57Bl/6 mice (WT) stimulated both contractility (dP/dtmax normalized to end-diastolic volume; dP/dt-EDV) by 51+/-5% (P<0.001) and lusitropy (tau; tau) by 20.3+/-2.0% (P<0.05). These responses were markedly attenuated in mice lacking NOS1 (NOS1-/-) (15+/-2% increase in dP/dt-EDV; P<0.001 versus WT; and no change in tau; P<0.01 versus WT). Isolated myocytes from NOS1-/- (approximately 2 months of age) also exhibited suppressed frequency-dependent sarcomere shortening and Ca2+ transients ([Ca2+]i) compared with WT. SR Ca2+ stores, a primary determinant of the FFR, increased at higher frequencies in WT (caffeine-induced [Ca2+]i at 4 Hz increased 107+/-23% above 1 Hz response) but not in NOS1-/- (13+/-26%; P<0.01 versus WT). In contrast, mice lacking NOS3 (NOS3-/-) had preserved FFR in vivo, as well as in isolated myocytes with parallel increases in sarcomere shortening, [Ca2+]i, and SR Ca2+ stores. NOS1-/- had increased SR Ca2+ ATPase and decreased phospholamban protein abundance, suggesting compensatory increases in SR reuptake mechanisms. Together these data demonstrate that NOS1 selectively regulates the cardiac FFR via influences over SR Ca2+ cycling. Thus, there is NOS isoform-specific regulation of different facets of rate-dependent excitation-contraction coupling; inactivation of NOS1 has the potential to contribute to the pathophysiology of states characterized by diminished frequency-dependent inotropic responses.
Long Struggle Continues to Find New Weapons Against an Old Foe—the Malaria Parasite
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1990)

PROTECTION against the malaria parasite is a highly complex affair that has hindered the development of an effective vaccine against the disease. Despite the contributions of the molecular biologist in isolating, cloning, and manufacturing, by recombinant techniques, immunologic pieces of the parasite, and the testing of one recombinant gene-cloned vaccine (which stimulated only low levels of antibody), the goal of an effective immunogen against malaria seems as far off as ever. But if the goal remains distant, this isn't deterring a determined cadre of malaria researchers from pursuing it, if the amount and variety of research reported at a recent workshop on cellular mechanisms in malaria immunity—held by the John E. Fogarty International Center staff at the National Institutes of Health campus in Bethesda, Md—is any evidence. <h3>Pace Picking Up</h3> "The field is moving so rapidly, I sometimes have difficulty myself seeing what's important and what isn't," admits Peter Perlmann,
Retraction: Acharya CR, et al. Gene expression signatures, clinicopathological features, and individualized therapy in breast cancer. <i>JAMA</i>. 2008;299(13):1574-1587.
Authors: Chaitanya R. Acharya, David S. Hsu, Carey K. Anders, Ariel Anguiano, Kelly H. Salter, Kelli S. Walters, Richard C. Redman, Sascha A. Tuchman, Cynthia A. Moylan, Sayan Mukherjee, William T. Barry, Holly K. Dressman, Geoffrey S. Ginsburg, Kelly P. Marcom, Katherine S. Garman, Gary H. Lyman, Joseph R. Nevins, Anil Potti
Journal: JAMA (2012)

To the Editor: We would like to retract the article entitled “Gene Expression Signatures, Clinicopathological Features, and Individualized Therapy in Breast Cancer,” which was published in the April 2, 2008, issue of JAMA. A component of this article reported the use of chemotherapy sensitivity predictions based on an approach described by Potti et al in Nature Medicine in 2006. The Nature Medicine article was recently retracted due to an inability to reproduce the results with the chemotherapy signatures. Because a significant component of this JAMA article was based on the use of chemotherapy signatures reported in the Nature Medicine paper, we have decided to retract the JAMA article. We apologize for any negative impact on scientific research or clinical care caused by the publication of our article in JAMA.
Abstract 5706: Engineering of trans kingdom RNAi (<i>tk</i>RNAi) against gastrointestinal polyps
Authors: Moreshwar B. Vaze, Tong Wu, Shaguna Seth, Mike Templin, Barry Polisky
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Trans Kingdom RNAi (tkRNAi) is a technology where nonpathogenic bacteria synthesize and deliver shRNA. CEQ508 is our orally delivered tkRNAi clinical candidate for delivery to intestinal polyp cells in patients with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. CEQ508 is an E. coli that has Δrnc and ΔdapA mutations engineered in its genome, harboring a plasmid called pMBV43 encoding invasin, listeriolysin O (LLO) and a shRNA expression cassette. It is the concerted expression of these elements that provides the specificity and high activity of the tkRNAi platform. The shRNA in CEQ508 targets β-catenin in cancerous polyp cells. CEQ508 expresses Yersinia pseudotuberculosis invasin enabling β1-integrin-dependent cellular internalization. Bacterial death due to phagosome action is enhanced by the cell-wall weakening ΔdapA attenuation. LLO expression provides for efficient intracellular release to the cytoplasm by lysis of the phagosome. The shRNA expression cassette allows for precise initiation and termination of the shRNA transcript, and Δrnc removes the only dsRNA-specific RNase (RNase III) from the E. coli genome, leading to significant accumulation of the expressed shRNA. Following Dicer processing and incorporation into RISC, cleavage of β-catenin mRNA induces death of the targeted cancerous cells. Thus, the tkRNAi approach allows effective local delivery of shRNA to mediate RNA interference. Since the “external” body surfaces such as GI tract, GU tract, upper respiratory tract and skin are colonized with bacterial species, this approach can be extended to other indications by the combination of genetic engineering of a carrier bacteria, expression of cell-specific targeting entities, and expression of one or more shRNA sequences against disease-relevant targets. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5706. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5706
Molecular Imaging of Late Somatostatin Receptor–Positive Metastases of Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Pancreas by 68Ga DOTATOC PET/CT
Authors: Luisa Peter, Jörg Sänger, Merten Hommann, Richard Paul Baum, Daniel Kaemmerer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

Ga somatostatin receptor PET/CT, currently the most sensitive imaging modality for well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors, is based on the molecular imaging of somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) that are expressed in different tumor entities such as neuroendocrine neoplasms, lymphomas, meningiomas, or renal cell cancer (RCC). Most neuroendocrine neoplasms show a high expression of SSTR subtypes 2A and 5, whereas the overexpression of SSTR2A in RCC is mainly seen in peritumoral vessels. Here we report a case with strongly SSTR-positive pancreatic lesions detected by Ga DOTATOC PET/CT, which histologically turned out to be ultralate metastases of a RCC.
Serum immunoglobulin M antibody to hepatitis D as a surrogate marker of hepatitis D in interferon-treated patients and in patients who underwent liver transplantation
Authors: Elisabetta Borghesio, Floriano Rosina, Antonina Smedile, Marco Lagget, Maria Grazia Niro, Giovanni Marinucci, Mario Rizzetto
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

The kinetics of the immunoglobulin (Ig) M type antibody to the hepatitis D virus (IgM anti-HD) were investigated in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers with chronic hepatitis D treated with interferon (IFN) and in patients with terminal hepatitis delta virus (HDV) cirrhosis who underwent liver transplantation. The IgM antibody disappeared in each of 8 patients who responded to IFN therapy with the persistent normalization of aminotransferases and with the clearance of serum HBsAg and HDV-RNA. The IgM reactivity did not decline in the 45 treated patients who did not respond to the cytokine or who experienced a relapse after responding while on therapy. The antibody rapidly disappeared from serum post-transplantation in each of 10 examined patients with HDV who underwent transplantation. In 5 patients who underwent transplantation and who became reinfected with HDV, the antibody remained undetectable during the early reinfection phase, as marked by HDV replication and by the absence of liver damage; however, it rapidly raised to pre-transplantation levels with the recurrence of hepatitis D (HD) in the liver graft. Monomeric 7S IgM anti-HD predominated over pentameric 19S antibody in each of the two patients examined for IgM anti-HD molecular species. The IgM antibody to HDV raises in response to HDV-induced damage and represents a valid surrogate marker of liver damage which is immunopathologically related to HDV infection. Besides providing diagnostic information, it provides the best predictor of impending resolution of chronic HDV disease, whether spontaneous or IFN-induced.
A Question of Quality? Roads to Assurance in Medical Care
Authors: Howard M. Spiro
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A Question of Quality is valuable to the American physician because it looks at the problems of quality assurance from a different perspective, ie, that of a country with a National Health Service. Of particular interest are analyses of such professional matters as maternal health, the care of malignant hypertension, and the quality of surgical care. In an introduction and a postscript, which deserves wide reading, the editor has contributed valuable essays on the principles and perspectives of quality assurance. I like best an essay on quality in general practice. This emphasizes the way practicing physicians working together in small groups can learn to improve more readily than by preparing for formal tests of cognitive knowledge. Of course, there was no double-blind controlled study to prove this notion! As the writers keep pointing out, assessment depends so largely on recordkeeping that a good physician can be judged deficient simply because
Impact of aortic stiffness on the risk of ischemic stroke in elder patients
Authors: Kenichi Sugloka, Robert R. Sciacca, Takeshi Hozumi, Yumiko Miyake, Inna Tilova, Gabrielle Gaspard, Ralph L. Sacco, Shunichi Homma, Marco R. Di Tullio
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Immunostimulatory RNA oligonucleotides trigger an antigen-specific cytotoxic T-cell and IgG2a response
Authors: Carole Bourquin, Laura Schmidt, Veit Hornung, Cornelia Wurzenberger, David Anz, Nadja Sandholzer, Susanne Schreiber, Andreas Voelkl, Gunther Hartmann, Stefan Endres
Journal: Blood (2006)
Alternatives to arteriovenous fistulas
Authors: R. W. Corbett, D. R. Ashby, N. D. Duncan
Journal: BMJ (2014)

In their review, Siddiky and colleagues suggest that arteriovenous fistulas for haemodialysis “offer the best short, intermediate and long term options for renal replacement therapy.”1 Although they have many advantages, one of the few rigorous systematic reviews in vascular access emphasises the often overlooked complication of primary non-function (the fistula never works).2 This occurs …
789 PRECLINICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF NOVEL CYCLOPHILIN INHIBITORS BASED ON THE POLYKETIDE, SANGLIFEHRIN
Authors: S.J. Moss, M. Bobardt, N. Coates, U. Chatterji, T. Foster, P. Gallay, A. Habel, S. Kendrew, P. Leyssen, C.J. Martin, J. Neyts, M. Nur-e-Alam, S. Obeid, J. Paeshuyse, D. Suthar, T. Warneck, B. Wilkinson, M.A. Gregory
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Methods of Sterilizing Dressings
Authors: S. N. Hayes
Journal: BMJ (1937)

The modern ritual of asepsis enables surgical procedures to be carried out with an almost monotonous freedom from complications caused by infection.Nevertheless from time to time disturbing features arise that have not up to now been satisfactorily explained.A surgeon finds wounds that should heal by first intention breaking down.Cases of tetanus following operation are occasionally reported.The obstetrician has sporadic cases of infec- tion, and hospitals and nursing homes are afflicted- fortunately rarely-by epidemic sepsis.For many years my own work has been partly concerned with highly infected labour cases.It was not difficult to imagine that unless the aseptic technique was efficient spread of infec- tion involving "clean" labour and gynaecological cases was not improbable.This led me five years ago to undertake the investigations outlined in this paper.The sterilization of boilable articles for fifteen minutes is generally accepted as efficient.The sterilization of dressings, although accepted, appeared to be something of a mystery.My own knowledge was scanty.I knew that dressings such as abdominal sheets, towels, swabs, wool, overalls, gauze, caps, masks, etc., were packed into drums or bags and placed in a sterilizer into which steam was admitted until a certain pressure was reached; twenty minutes later the dressings were considered as sterile.I find that the knowledge of many of my col- leagues is just as limited.It has always appeared to me somewhat strange that we should accept dressings as bacteriologically sterile merely because they have been treated in a high-pressure sterilizer.Under the present methods in vogue there is no proof whatsoever that such dressings are sterile.Some Disturbing Facts Inspection of six large hospitals revealed many dis- tur-bing facts, illtustrating the haphazard methods in use.It is assumed that the methods of six different hospitals, each under separate administration, may be taken as fairly representative.A few examples are as follows:1.All the surgeons were convinced that their dressings were sterile, even though they had no knowledge of the details of the technique of sterilization.2. In only one case was there any real supervision by a
Risk-based classification of leukemia by cytogenetic and multiplex molecular methods: results from a multicenter validation study
Authors: C D Gocke, J Mason, L Brusca, W Laosinchai-Wolf, C Higgs, H Newell, A Masters, L Friar, J Karp, M Griffiths, Q Wei, E Labourier
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2012)

Modern management of leukemia and selection of optimal treatment approaches entails the analysis of multiple recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities with independent diagnostic or prognostic value. We report the first multicenter validation of a multiplex molecular assay for 12 relevant fusion transcripts relative to cytogenetic methods. Performance was evaluated using a set of 280 adult and pediatric acute or chronic leukemias representative of the variety of presentations and pre-analytical parameters encountered in the clinical setting. The positive, negative and overall agreements were >98.5% with high concordance at each of the four sites. Positive detection of cases with low blast count or at relapse was consistent with a method sensitivity of 1%. There was 98.7% qualitative agreement with independent reference molecular tests. Apparent false negatives corresponded to rare alternative splicing isoforms not included in the panel. We further demonstrate that clinical sensitivity can be increased by adding those rare variants and other relevant transcripts or submicroscopic abnormalities. We conclude that multiplex RT-PCR followed by liquid bead array detection is a rapid and flexible method attuned to the clinical laboratory workflow, complementing standard cytogenetic methods and generating additional information valuable for the accurate diagnosis, prognosis and subsequent molecular monitoring of leukemia.
The Origin of the Variations of Body Impedance Occurring during the Cardiac Cycle
Authors: F. H. BONJER, JW. VAN DEN BERG, M. N. J. DIRKEN
Journal: Circulation (1952)

If the trunk is placed between two electrodes of a high frequency circuit, changes in impedance occur during the cardiac cycle. Experiments are presented which show that these variations do not result from the actual volume changes of the heart, as has been suggested in the literature. The changes in impedance are caused by the rhythmic variations in blood content of the vessels.