tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A recombinant murine granulocyte/macrophage (GM) colony-stimulating factor derived from an inducer T cell line (IH5.5). Functional restriction to GM progenitor cells.
Authors: S Kajigaya, T Suda, J Suda, M Saito, Y Miura, M Iizuka, S Kobayashi, N Minato, T Sudo
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

The cDNA for the murine granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was cloned from a cDNA library obtained from a murine T cell line, IH5.5, by using two synthetic probes that encoded two parts of the GM-CSF from murine lung. The cDNA inserted into the plasmid vector pcDV1 was transfected into monkey COS-1 cells and the conditioned medium was used to investigate the hemopoietic activities of the resultant product, recombinant GM-CSF (rGM-CSF), by means of various colony assays. rGM-CSF stimulated only neutrophil/macrophage colonies in the cultures of murine normal bone marrow and fetal liver cells. No other colony stimulating activities (CSA) were seen in the preparation including burst-promoting activity, eosinophil-CSA, megakaryocyte-CSA and mast cell-CSA. rGM-CSF could not support colony formation of 5-fluorouracil-treated mouse spleen cells, in which only the primitive population of stem cells survived. However, after culture of these cells with PWM-spleen cell-conditioned medium (PWM-SCM), the colonies consisting of blast cells were formed. These blast cells could now be induced to form neutrophil/macrophage colonies in the presence of rGM-CSF. Pure neutrophil colonies, pure macrophage colonies, as well as mixed neutrophil/macrophage colonies, were formed from these single blast cells in the presence of rGM-CSF by micromanipulation. rGM-CSF did not act on pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells, but did act directly and selectively on neutrophil/macrophage progenitors. Moreover, striking heterogeneities were noted in the size of the colonies and the proportion of components. GM-CSF is, therefore, considered to play a noninstructive role in the differentiation of the GM pathway.
Central peptidergic control of gastric acid secretion.
Authors: J G Geoghegan, T N Pappas
Journal: Gut (1997)

The effect of a low dose antacid treatment on mucosal prostaglandin metabolism was studied in 15 healthy volunteers. A daily dose of 46 mmol (= 138 mval) Al(OH)3 and 42 mmol (= 84 mval) Mg(OH)2 with a titrated in vitro neutralising capacity of 272 mval of H+ was given for three weeks. Total prostaglandin formation and the prostaglandin profile as well as the degradation of PGE2 were assayed by incubating homogenates of endoscopic biopsies from antral and duodenal mucosa with the precursor (14C)arachidonic acid. Total prostaglandin synthesis in antrum (623 (110) pmol/mg protein) and duodenum (432 (72) pmol/mg) was stimulated after three weeks administration of low dose antacids by 176% (p less than 0.05) and 154% (p less than 0.05), respectively. An untreated control group exhibited no significant changes. In contrast, the prostaglandin profile showed only a small increase of the prostacyclin metabolite 6-keto PGF1a (p less than 0.05) at the expense PGD2. PGE2 catabolism was unaffected. This enhanced activity of mucosal prostaglandin cyclooxygenase might represent one possible mechanism of action of a low dose antacid treatment.
SUBACUTE BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS IN PENICILLIN-SENSITIVE PATIENT
Authors: C. A. Beck
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Chlorprophenpyridamine (Chlor-Trimeton) maleate and other antihistaminics have recently been used to decrease the percentage of all kinds of allergic reactions, including that to penicillin. Because of this, we used chlorprophenpyridamine maleate in a patient with subacute bacterial endocarditis who had a severe sensitivity to penicillin, a rare combination and in addition an excellent test for the drug. A penicillin-sensitive patient with a serious illness presents a dilemma in therapy. Only four courses are possible: (<i>a</i>) administration of penicillin regardless of risk, (<i>b</i>) attempted desensitization to penicillin, (<i>c</i>) use of other antibiotics with less likelihood of a successful outcome, or (<i>d</i>) administration of penicillin along with a substance such as an antihistamine or cortisone in an effort to obviate reactions. The following case history of a patient with subacute bacterial endocarditis is illustrative of the failure of alternate<i>c</i>, and the success of alternate<i>d</i>. Desensitization was considered, but a recent
Silencing Peanut Allergy: A Chinese Herbal Formula, Fahf-2, Completely Blocks Peanut-induced Anaphylaxis for up to 6 Months Following Therapy in a Murine Model Of Peanut Allergy
Authors: K.D. Srivastava, T. Zhang, C. Qu, H.A. Sampson, X.M. Li
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Transport Peripheral Antigens to the Thymus to Promote Central Tolerance
Authors: Husein Hadeiba, Katharina Lahl, Abdolhossein Edalati, Cecilia Oderup, Aida Habtezion, Russell Pachynski, Linh Nguyen, Asma Ghodsi, Sarah Adler, Eugene C. Butcher
Journal: Immunity (2012)
The Patient-Physician Relationship
Authors: Richard M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (1996)

The patient-physician relationship is under siege. I believe there are two sources that underlie the distress experienced by many patients and physicians in their interactions with each other. First, there is an intensification of the tension between the science and the art of medicine. Second, there are severe strains related to the rapid changes in the economics of medical practice. Concern about tensions between the science and the art of medicine is hardly new. In the first paragraph of his landmark 1927<i>JAMA</i>article, Francis Peabody noted that the most common criticism of young physicians of that era was that "they are too 'scientific' and do not know how to take care of patients."<sup>2</sup>A physician can hardly be "too scientific" in the sense of having an understanding of a disease and the knowledge necessary to diagnose and treat it successfully. What Dr Peabody meant almost 70 years ago,
9 DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF PEGYLATED INTERFERON ALPHA THERAPY ON INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSES IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B
Authors: L. Micco, D. Peppa, E. Loggi, A. Martello Panno, A. Shurich, C. Cursaro, F. Bihl, M. Bernardi, P. Andreone, M.K. Maini
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Report calls for end to exploitation and injustice meted out to adolescent girls
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Adolescent girls in rural areas could play a key role in strengthening rural economies, helping to meet the world’s future food supply needs and reducing malnutrition, says a report released by the Chicago Council on Global Affairs.

Yet, until now, the potential of 10-19 year old girls has been largely neglected by national governments and international organisations, says the report entitled Girls Grow: a vital force in rural economies . Reliable quality data on this population are almost non-existent and less than two cents of every dollar of international aid goes to adolescent girls, the council says.

“If the world is to meet the challenge of feeding nine …
Lung mucus: a clinician's view
Authors: WD Kim
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1997)

Respiratory mucus represents the products derived from secretion of the submucosal glands and the goblet cells. Accumulation of mucus in the airway tree may be caused by an increased volume of mucus produced, and also by decreased clearance due to defects in the ciliary clearance apparatus. Hypersecretion of mucus contributes to the morbidity of airway diseases by predisposing patients to respiratory infections, and contributing to airflow obstruction and to patients' discomfort. There is a significant association between chronic production of mucus and an increased risk of mortality. Also the degree of airway obstruction is related to the physical properties of the sputum. Observation of chronic bronchitic sputum can reveal important clinical information concerning the type and level of the inflammatory process, the physical properties of the material, the extent of bronchial mucosal damage, and the identification of pathogenic microorganisms that may be present. The management of mucous hypersecretion can be undertaken in two main ways: firstly, improved clearance by physical methods; and, secondly, by pharmacological methods.
Is the Supine Position as Safe and Effective as the Prone Position for Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography? A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: V. Terruzzi, F. Radaelli, G. Meucci, G. Minoli
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Background and Study Aims: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is usually performed with the patient lying in the prone position, on the assumption that this position is optimal for cannulation of the papilla and for obtaining good-quality radiographic images. The supine position, however, may be more comfortable for the patient and may facilitate airway management, and this study aimed to compare the two positions in terms of procedure outcome, safety, and patient tolerance. Patients and Methods: Consecutive patients who were undergoing ERCP were randomized to start the procedure in either the prone position or the supine position. Patients under the age of 18 years, intubated patients, and those who had already undergone endoscopic sphincterotomy were excluded. The difficulty of cannulation was assessed using the Freeman score (1 = one to five attempts; 2 = six to 15 attempts; 3 = more than 15 attempts; 4 = failure of cannulation). Total procedure time, patient tolerance, willingness to undergo ERCP in the future, and procedure-related adverse cardiorespiratory events (oxygen desaturation, tachycardia, bradycardia) were also recorded. Results: A total of 34 patients were evaluated (21 men, 13 women; mean age 68, range 20 - 96), 17 patients in each group. Demographic and clinical features, and the indications for the procedure were similar for the two patient groups. The median Freeman score was significantly lower in the prone group compared with the supine group (1 vs. 3, P = 0.0047, rank sum test). Biliary cannulation was achieved in all patients in the prone group, but was not achieved in five patients (29 %) in the supine group (P = 0.052). In four of these five patients, biliary cannulation was successfully achieved after turning the patient into the prone position. The percentage of patients unwilling to repeat the ERCP procedure in the future was higher in the supine group (29 % vs. 6 %, P = 0.087); the mean tolerance score and mean total procedure time were similar in the two groups. Seven patients in the supine group experienced at least one adverse cardiorespiratory event, compared with only one patient in the prone group (41 % vs. 6 %, P = 0.039). Conclusions: ERCP performed with the patient in the supine position is technically more demanding for operators used to working with patients in the prone position and carries a greater risk of adverse cardiorespiratory events in nonintubated patients.
Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT in a Cerebral Gunshot Wound
Authors: GUIDO VALLE, MASSIMO GIULIANO BONETTI, PIERLUIGI CIRITELLA, PASQUALE DI FAZIO, FILIPPO BARBANO, ELIO PERRONE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

The authors examined regional cerebral blood flow by using Tc-99m HMPAO SPECT studies in a patient who received a gunshot wound to the brain. Although the presence of the retained bullet's fragments adversely affected the quality of CT images and contraindicated MRI studies, the SPECT examination did not have the same constraints and allowed both therapy assessment and prognostic evaluation. The repair of the cortical defect could also be assessed.
THE TREATMENT OF ADENOIDS AND ENLARGED TONSILS WITHOUT OPERATION
Authors: W. Steuart
Journal: BMJ (1913)

TREATMENT OF ADENOIDS WITHOUT OPERATION.[ Tm B I m I examination of the sputa as being a fair approximation and index of the incidence of phthisis in adults and clhildren.This is not to assume that the disease is over tlhree times (33.9 to 9.1) more frequent in adults than in chlildren, but we are entitled to say that tuberculosis of the lungs is less common in children than in adults, and less common, too, than is generally supposed.In view of this conclusion, which is quite reasonable in thle circumstances, the question is: What is the nature of these cases of suspected phthisis in children?The probable explanation is that they are chronic catarrhal conditions associated sometimes with varving degrees of bronchiectasis and are the chronic residue of pneumonic or bronchopneumonic inflammations which in turn have followed nieasles or wllooping-cough, or indeed may have arisen alone.Tlle cough, the types of breath sounds, the rales, and the sputum, can all be explained by such a condition, and where dullness is elicited it is no doubt due to pulmonary fibrosis.Dr. Theodore Fisher lhas already, in this JOURNAL, called attention to the existence of peri- bronchitisand bronchiectasis in children, and has emiiphasized the need of caution before diagEosing phthisis in sucll cases.Ages of 22 PositiVe Cases.Age 15 ... cases
Genetic basis of the latex-fruit syndrome: Association with HLA-Class II alleles
Authors: C. Blanco, F. Sánchez-García, M.J. Torres-Galván, A.G. Dumpierrez, L. Almeida, J. Figueroa, N. Ortega, R. Castillo, M.D. Gallego, T. Carrillo
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
THE MEMBRANE ATTACK MECHANISM OF COMPLEMENT
Authors: William P. Kolb, Hans J. Müller-Eberhard
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

The membrane attack mechanism of complement, C5 to C9, has previously been postulated to associate on the target cell surface to a stable decamolecular complex with a calculated mol wt of 995,000. A soluble and stable complex consisting of C5, C6, C7, C8, and C9 has now been demonstrated to arise as a consequence of complement activation by the classical or alternate pathway. It has a sedimentation coefficient of 22.5S and a mol wt of 1 million daltons, and it migrates on electrophoresis at pH 8.6 as an alpha-globulin. The stable and soluble C5b-9 complex cannot bind to erythrocytes and has no demonstrable cytolytic activity. However, due to partially unsaturated binding sites for C9, it can bind additional C9 and thus function as an inhibitor of lysis of EAC1-8 by C9. These results support the concept according to which the membrane-bound attack system of complement represents a stable, decamolecular assembly of C5b-9. Unlike its analogue in free solution, the membrane-bound complex is cytolytically active.
SOURCE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF STREPTOCOCCI IN MARKET MILK
Authors: F. S. Jones
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1920)

The principal source of streptococci in milk is the cow's udder. The udder streptococci fall into two broad groups; those of the larger group agree in cultural characters and agglutination affinities with mastitis streptococci; the smaller group is composed of low acid-producing streptococci. The streptococci of the latter group produce clear zones of hemolysis about surface and deep colonies in horse blood agar plates. They attack dextrose, lactose, saccharose, and maltose, but do not ferment raffinose, inulin, mannite, or salicin. Acid production in dextrose by the members of this group is about the same as that produced by human streptococci under the same conditions. The limiting hydrogen ion concentration for these pleomorphic udder streptococci in dextrose serum bouillon is within the limits of the limiting hydrogen ion concentration observed by Avery and Cullen for human streptococci. All the streptococci from the vagina, saliva, skin, and feces have been non-hemolytic. Those from the saliva form a heterogeneous aggregation in which individuals fermenting raffinose, inulin, and mannite predominate. From the skin a characteristic streptococcus has been found. It produces acid in dextrose, lactose, saccharose, maltose, raffinose, mannite, and salicin, but fails to acidulate media containing inulin. The fecal streptococci are characterized by the formation of large amounts of acid in dextrose, lactose, saccharose, maltose, raffinose, inulin, and salicin. Mannite is not fermented. Neither the fecal nor the skin streptococci have been isolated from the bottled milk with any great frequency.
A Physician's Oath for Self-Insight
Authors: RALPH CRAWSHAW
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Ad Libitum1 October 1979A Physician's Oath for Self-InsightRALPH CRAWSHAW, M.D.RALPH CRAWSHAW, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-91-4-648 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDespite an egalitarian consumer's world demanding that health care come with a warranty, physicians succeed or fail according to their judgments based on their knowledge of their own strengths and weaknesses. To one physician, a severely burned patient is a challenge, but to another a fear. To one physician, a psychotic patient is the object of focused curiosity, to another, revulsion. Such feelings are neither right nor wrong, but they must be taken into account in treating each patient who comes for help.A physician's training maps out areas of illness through which he may travel intrepidly and those in... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Portland, Oregon PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByBeneficence, justice, and lifelong learning expressed in medical oaths 1 October 1979Volume 91, Issue 4Page: 648-648KeywordsEmotionsFearGlobal healthHealth carePatient advocacy Issue Published: 1 October 1979 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Hazard of Folinic Acid with Pyrimethamine and Sulfadiazine
Authors: RICHARD E. HELMER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments1 January 1975Hazard of Folinic Acid with Pyrimethamine and SulfadiazineRICHARD E. HELMER III, M.D.RICHARD E. HELMER III, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-82-1-124_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the recent report of 194 cases of confirmed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, acute leukemia was the primary disorder in 35.5% (1). Pentamidine was used in the treatment. The regimen of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine has been used successfully in the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (2). Pentamidine's side effects, the need for immediate therapy, and possible delay in obtaining pentamidine from the National Communicable Disease Center may make this alternative regimen even more attractive if clinical trials further substantiate its efficacy.Pyrimethamine may produce megaloblastoid changes presumably related to folic acid or folinic acid antagonism (3). To obviate...References1. WALZERPERLKROGSTAD PDD: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the United States. Epidemiologic, diagnostic, and clinical features. Ann Intern Med 80:83-93, 1974 LinkGoogle Scholar2. KIRBYKENAMOREGUCKIAN HBJ: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia treated with pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine. Ann Intern Med 75:505-509, 1971 LinkGoogle Scholar3. MYATTHERNANDEZCOATNEY ATG: Studies in human malaria: the toxicity of pyrimethamine (Daraprim) in man. Am J Trop Med 2:788, 1953 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. SHELDON W: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, in Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 6th ed., edited by WINTROBE MM, THORN GW, ADAMS RD, et al. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1970, pp. 1042-1044 Google Scholar5. FARBERDIAMONDMERCER SLR: Temporary remissions in acute leukemia in children produced by folic acid antagonist, 4-aminopteroyl-glutamic acid (Aminopterin). N Engl J Med 238:787-793, 1948 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Internal Medicine University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, Texas 77550 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByDrug–Nutrient Interactions Involving FolateDrug-Nutrient Interactions Involving FolateToxoplasmosis in immunosuppression and AIDSKomplikationen und supportive Therapie der Leukämien und malignen Non-Hodgkin-LymphomeToxoplasmosis in the Compromised HostJOEL RUSKIN, M.D., F.A.C.P., JACK S. REMINGTON, M.D., F.A.C.P. 1 January 1975Volume 82, Issue 1Page: 124-125KeywordsClinical trialsFolic acidPneumocystis carinii pneumoniaPyrimethamine Issue Published: 1 January 1975 PDF DownloadLoading ...
PORTABLE COMPRESSED-AIR ATOMIZER.
Authors: GEORGE F. COTT
Journal: JAMA (1900)

This apparatus consists of a tank 6 inches high and 4 inches in diameter. It has a brass barrel running through the center and closed at the lower end by a cone-shaped piece of rubber having a slit in its lower extremity. The piston which runs up and down in the barrel admits air through the rod by drawing it up and is prevented from escaping by a valve which closes when the piston is sent home. The air is then forced through the slit in the rubber stopper and again prevented from returning into the pump, by closing hermetically, as it were. Thus, the cylinder or tank holds the air indefinitely, and a pressure of thirty pounds can be reached, which, however, is not necessary, as fifteen or twenty pounds is amply sufficient for all ordinary purposes. A peculiarly arranged apparatus is attached immediately above the handle, which acts
The excess of atopic eczema in East Germany is related to the intrinsic type
Authors: T. Schäfer, U. Krämer, D. Vieluf, D. Abeck, H. Behrendt, J. Ring
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Background Prevalence data for atopic eczema based on a dermatological examination have not so far been available for East and West Germany. Possible differences in the proportions of extrinsic and intrinsic types of eczema, and how far these could explain differences in the prevalence of eczema, need to be clarified. Objectives To compare the prevalence of atopic eczema in pre‐school children between different locations in East and West Germany, and over a period of 7 years, at three time points. Additionally, to determine the proportions of intrinsic and extrinsic types of eczema by taking skin prick test reactivity into account. Methods Repeated cross‐sectional studies in 1991, 1994 and 1997 in 5–6‐year‐old pre‐school children at five different locations in West Germany (n = 2075) and six in East Germany (n = 1926) were carried out. Individuals with eczema were identified by an examination performed by physicians of the Department of Dermatology. In addition, a skin prick test and a standardized questionnaire were used. Results The overall prevalence of atopic eczema in these children was 10·4%. At all three times of investigation (1991, 17·5% vs. 11·2%; 1994, 12·6% vs. 8·7%; 1997, 11·2% vs. 4·5%) and in the total group (12·9% vs. 8·2%), the prevalence was significantly higher in East than in West Germany. After controlling for influences of sex, parental history of atopic diseases, observer and socio‐economic status in multiple logistic regression analyses, these differences remained significant for 1991, 1994 and for the overall group (odds ratio, OR 1·78, 95% confidence interval, CI 1·43–2·21). Girls (OR 1·56, 95% CI 1·27–1·92) and children whose parents had a higher level of school education (OR 1·17, 95% CI 1·00–1·37) were affected more frequently. Of all children, 26·6%, and of those with eczema, 41·9% exhibited at least one reaction in the prick test (OR 2·21, 95% CI 1·75–2·80; sensitization in eczema vs. no eczema). Whereas 50·4% of the children with eczema in West Germany were sensitized, only 36·5% of the diseased children in East Germany reacted positively in the prick test (OR 1·77, 95% CI 1·12–2·79). Conclusions These results are in accordance with findings regarding allergic sensitization and hay fever and might indicate that factors other than allergy are responsible for the higher prevalence of atopic eczema in East Germany.