tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
All-trans retinoic acid (RA) stimulates events in organ-cultured human skin that underlie repair. Adult skin from sun-protected and sun-exposed sites responds in an identical manner to RA while neonatal foreskin responds differently.
Authors: J Varani, P Perone, C E Griffiths, D R Inman, S E Fligiel, J J Voorhees
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Adult human skin from a sun-protected site (hip) and from a sun-exposed site (forearm) was maintained in organ culture for 12 d in the presence of a serum-free, growth factor- free basal medium.Cultures were incubated under condi- tions optimized for keratinocyte growth (i.e., in 0.15 mM extracellular Ca2") or for fibroblast growth (i.e., in 1.4 mM extracellular Ca2").Treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (RA) induced histological changes in the organ-cultured skin under both conditions which were similar to the changes seen in intact skin after topical application.These included expansion of the viable portion of the epidermis and activation of cells in the dermis.In sun-damaged skin samples, which were characterized by destruction of normal connective tissue elements and presence of thick, dark-stain- ing elastotic fibers, a zone of healthy connective tissue could be seen immediately below the dermo-epidermal junction.This zone was more prominent in RA-treated organ cultures than in matched controls.Associated with these histological changes was an increase in overall protein and extracellular matrix synthesis.In concomitant studies, it was found that RA treatment enhanced survival and proliferation of adult keratinocytes and adult dermal fibroblasts under both low- and high-Ca2" conditions.In all of these assays, responses of sun-protected and sun-exposed skin were identical.In contrast, responses of neonatal foreskin to RA were similar to those of adult skin in the presence of low-Ca2" culture medium, but under conditions of high extracellular Ca2" RA provided little or no additional stimulus.Together these studies suggest that the ability of RA to enhance repair of sun-damaged skin (documented in previous studies) may reflect its ability to influence the behavior of skin in a man- ner that is age dependent but independent of sun-exposure status.(
Localization of Metastatic Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma with Ga-67
Authors: FRANK T. WARD, JAY H. ANDERSON, JAMES JELINEK, DAVID W. ANDERSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Data are limited on the localization of Ga-67 in primary or metastatic adrenal cortical carcinoma. We report the localization of Ga-67 to pathologically confirmed adrenal cortical carcinoma metastatic to the lung. A review of the literature revealed four patients have previously been reported to have metastatic adrenal cortical carcinoma detected on Ga-67 scan. Gallium imaging may be useful in the evaluation of patients with adrenal cortical carcinoma. SPECT imaging should further improve lesion resolution and localization.
Adverse Effects of Drugs
Authors: R. Wood
Journal: BMJ (1972)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The advent of modern single-cell biology has revealed the striking molecular diversity of cell populations once thought to be more homogeneous. This newly appreciated complexity has made intersectional genetic approaches essential to understanding and probing cellular heterogeneity at the functional level. Here we build on previous knowledge to develop a simple AAV-based approach to define specific subpopulations of cells by Boolean exclusion logic (AND NOT). This Expression by Boolean Exclusion (ExBoX) system encodes for a gene of interest which is turned On by a particular recombinase (Cre or FlpO) and turned Off by another. ExBoX allows for the specific transcription of a gene of interest in cells expressing only the activating recombinase, but not in cells expressing both. We show the ability of the ExBoX system to tightly regulate expression of fluorescent reporters <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, and further demonstrate the adaptability of the system by achieving expression of a variety of virally-delivered coding sequences in the mouse brain. This simple strategy will expand the molecular toolkit available for cell- and time-specific gene expression in a variety of systems. <h3>Summary statement</h3> Ubina et al. describe the generation of a novel AAV-based intersectional approach to define and target specific subpopulations of cells in time and space via Expression by Boolean Exclusion (ExBoX).
Meningioma Extending Through the Skull
Authors: WILLIAM A. WEGENER, HADYN T. WILLIAMS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

A doughnut lesion in the skull can arise during bone scintigraphy for a number of reasons: primary and metastatic tumors, multiple myeloma, infection, hematoma, and surgery all have been reported to produce a photopenic center with a rim of increased activity. In this case, the doughnut lesion was due to a parasagittal meningioma, which had completely destroyed the overlying frontal bone, was continuing to expand subdermally, and presented as a growing, soft scalp mass.
Impaired Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Patients With Essential Hypertension
Authors: Julio A. Panza, Carlos E. García, Crescence M. Kilcoyne, Arshed A. Quyyumi, Richard O. Cannon
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Patients with essential hypertension have abnormal endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation, largely related to reduced bioactivity of nitric oxide (NO). The purpose of the present investigation was to determine whether this defect is due to a deficit at the specific intracellular signal-transduction pathway level or is a consequence of a more generalized endothelial abnormality.The responses of the forearm vasculature to acetylcholine and bradykinin (endothelium-dependent agents that act through different signal transduction pathways) and to sodium nitroprusside (a direct dilator of vascular smooth muscle) were studied in 10 hypertensive patients (5 men, 5 women; aged 48 +/- 9 years old [mean +/- SD]) and 12 control subjects (6 men, 6 women; aged 48 +/- 7 years old). To determine the contribution of NO to bradykinin-induced vasodilation, the vascular responses to bradykinin were also measured after administration of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, an arginine analogue that inhibits the synthesis of NO. Drugs were infused into the brachial artery, and forearm blood flow was measured by strain-gauge plethysmography. The response to acetylcholine was significantly blunted in hypertensive patients (maximal blood flow, 7.5 +/- 2 versus 16.6 +/- 8 mL.min-1.100 mL-1 in control subjects [mean +/- SD]; P < .005). Similarly, the vasodilator effect of bradykinin was significantly reduced in hypertensive patients compared with control subjects (maximal blood flow, 8.7 +/- 2 versus 15.8 +/- 6 mL.min-1.100 mL-1 in control subjects; P < .005). A significant correlation was found between the maximal blood flow with acetylcholine and that with bradykinin (r = .89). No significant differences were found between the two groups for vascular response to sodium nitroprusside. NG-monomethyl-L-arginine significantly blunted the response to bradykinin in control subjects (maximal blood flow decreased from 15.8 +/- 6 to 10.1 +/- 2 mL.min-1.100 mL-1, P < .003). In contrast, inhibition of NO synthesis did not modify the response to bradykinin in hypertensive patients (maximal blood flow, 8.7 +/- 2 and 8.5 +/- 3 before and during infusion of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine, respectively; P = NS). As a consequence, the response to bradykinin after inhibition of NO synthesis was not significantly different between the two groups.Patients with essential hypertension have impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilator responses to both acetylcholine and bradykinin. These findings indicate that the endothelial dysfunction in this condition is not related to a specific defect of a single intracellular signal-transduction pathway and suggest a more generalized abnormality of endothelial vasodilator function.
Superwarfarin poisoning: A report of two cases and review of the literature
Authors: Joseph E. Spahr, J. Scott Maul, George M. Rodgers
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract Superwarfarins are anticoagulant rodenticides similar to warfarin, but which have various substituted phenyl groups replacing the terminal methyl group, resulting in a fat‐soluble, long‐acting anticoagulant that is nearly 100 times more potent than the parent compound. Since their development, many accidental and intentional cases of consumption have been reported. We describe two cases of consumption, one related to unknown etiology, and the other related to utilization of the superwarfarin to potentiate a drug of abuse. The clinical manifestations including bleeding symptoms and abnormal coagulation assays are discussed. The differential diagnosis is quite broad, and includes all causes of vitamin K deficiency, factor deficiency or inhibitor, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and liver disease. Differentiating superwarfarin ingestion from the other causes can be quite difficult, but extremely important, as management requires prolonged administration of vitamin K. Other treatment options are discussed as well including, fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and recombinant factor VIIa. Finally, the significance of “lacing” drugs of abuse with superwarfarin to potentiate their effect is discussed, as well as the complications that could develop from such a habit. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Positive Antinuclear Factor in Patients with Chronic Lung Disease.
Authors: Hiroshi Nagaya
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968Positive Antinuclear Factor in Patients with Chronic Lung Disease.Hiroshi Nagaya, M.D., C. Edward Buckley III, M.D., Herbert O. Sieker, M.D., F.A.C.P.Hiroshi Nagaya, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, C. Edward Buckley III, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Herbert O. Sieker, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1186_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA high prevalence of rheumatoid factor (RF) has been reported in the serum of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Patients with typical rheumatoid arthritis and high titers of RF often show evidence of diffuse or localized pulmonary disease. Although pulmonary involvement occurs in patients with systemic connective tissue diseases, they rarely present exclusively with bronchopulmonary systems. We have studied eight patients with otherwise uncomplicated chronic lung disease in whom antinuclear factor (ANF) has been demonstrated. Other illnesses commonly associated with ANF were excluded. ANF was assayed by indirect double sandwich fluorescent antibody technique using monospecific goat anti-human immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgA,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Durham, North Carolina PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1186-1186KeywordsAtrial natriuretic peptidesConnective tissue diseasesInterstitial lung diseasesLungsPulmonary diseasesRheumatoid arthritis Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
S83 An Economic Evaluation Of Domiciliary Non-invasive Ventilation (niv) In Patients With End-stage Copd In The Uk
Authors: D. Blissett, S. Jowett, A. Turner, D. Moore, J. Dretzke, R. Mukherjee, C. Dave
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3></h3> This abstract summarises independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) under its HTA Programme (Ref 11/27/01). The views expressed are those of the author (s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. <h3>Background</h3> NIV is an established treatment for the management of acute exacerbation of COPD but less is known about the effectiveness of NIV in the home setting. Many clinicians consider domiciliary NIV to be cost-effective in patients that have experienced three or more exacerbations however no economic evaluations, using decision modelling have been conducted. <h3>Methods</h3> The findings of a systematic clinical review of the clinical effectiveness of domiciliary NIV in COPD were applied in a Markov model, to estimate cost-effectiveness, from a UK perspective, when compared to usual care. Outcomes were measured in Quality Adjust Life Years (QALYs). Two end-stage COPD populations were considered; patients that were stable for at least twelve weeks (stable population) and those recently discharged for exacerbation (post-admission population). Given the uncertainty around the effect of domiciliary NIV on admissions and mortality in both populations, extensive sensitivity analysis was conducted to quantify and likelihood of NIV being cost-effective at a thresholds of £30,000 per QALY and the model’s sensitivity to key parameters. <h3>Results</h3> This model indicated that domiciliary NIV is unlikely to be cost-effective in stable populations but is more likely to be cost-effective post-admission. However, there was considerable uncertainty around the results for both populations. The model was most sensitive to changes in the risk ratio for admission and the duration of the effect but was also sensitive to changes in baseline risk of admissions. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This model indicates that domiciliary NIV is unlikely to be cost-effective in stable patients but maybe cost-effective in patients with a history of admissions. This speculative economic model describes the uncertainty around these conclusions.
Work on RNA interference brings Nobel triumph
Authors: Geoff Watts
Journal: BMJ (2006)

For the second time in five years the Nobel prize for physiology or medicine has gone to researchers working with one of molecular biology's favourite laboratory animals: the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans . Even more striking is the short interval (eight years) since Andrew Fire and Craig Mello began publishing the work on RNA interference that has now won them the 2006 award. Their findings have already proved valuable in the laboratory and may yet do so in the clinic.
Association between infection with Helicobacter pylori and risk of gastric cancer: evidence from a prospective investigation.
Authors: D Forman, D G Newell, F Fullerton, J W Yarnell, A R Stacey, N Wald, F Sitas
Journal: BMJ (1991)

To investigate the association between gastric cancer and prior infection with Helicobacter pylori.Case-control comparison of prevalence of IgG antibodies to H pylori in blood samples collected prospectively, before diagnosis of gastric cancer in the cases. Presence of H pylori antibody (greater than 10 micrograms IgG/ml) determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).29 men with a subsequent diagnosis of gastric cancer and 116 aged matched controls selected from over 22,000 middle aged men participating in two ongoing cohort studies (the British United Provident Association study and the Caerphilly collaborative heart disease study), who had provided blood samples during 1975-1982.20 of the 29 cases (69%) and 54 of the 116 controls (47%) were positive for H pylori specific antibody. The median specific IgG concentration was significantly higher in the cases than controls (90 micrograms/ml v 3.6 micrograms/ml, p less than 0.01). The estimated odds ratio for the risk of gastric cancer in those with a history of infection with H pylori was 2.77 (95% confidence interval 1.04 to 7.97, 2p = 0.039).H pylori infection may be an important cause of gastric cancer; between 35% and 55% of all cases may be associated with such an infection.
Modification of the thermogenic effect of acutely inhaled salbutamol by chronic inhalation in normal subjects.
Authors: S R Wilson, P Amoroso, J Moxham, J Ponte
Journal: Thorax (1993)

BACKGROUND--Acute inhalation of clinical doses of salbutamol in normal volunteers increases resting metabolic rate by up to 20% above control values. This study was designed to see if chronic treatment with salbutamol causes a sustained increase in metabolic rate and whether it modifies the acute thermogenic response to the drug. METHODS--The effects of chronic inhaled salbutamol on resting oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide output (VCO2) were studied in seven normal subjects (age 20-47 years, weight 52-105 kg, five men). An open canopy method of indirect calorimetry was used to measure VO2, VCO2, and respiratory quotient (RQ). Subjects inhaled two puffs of salbutamol or placebo four times a day in a double blind manner. Measurements of resting VO2 and VCO2 after 10 days of salbutamol were compared with the values after 10 days of placebo and with those taken at the start of the study. At the end of each treatment period subjects inhaled eight puffs (800 micrograms) of salbutamol and the acute effects on VO2, VCO2 and RQ were monitored for one hour. RESULTS--Resting VO2, VCO2, and RQ were not significantly different at the end of the salbutamol and placebo periods but the acute response to eight puffs of salbutamol was abolished by regular inhalation. The mean VO2 integrated over one hour after 800 micrograms salbutamol given acutely was different (241.3 and 210.7 ml/kg/h in the placebo and salbutamol groups respectively). Differences were not significant between placebo and salbutamol groups for changes in VCO2, heart rate, blood pressure, and RQ after acute inhalation. CONCLUSION--Regular treatment with inhaled salbutamol (800 micrograms/day) does not cause a sustained increase in resting metabolic rate but prevents the increase in VO2 that occurs after acute inhalations in normal subjects.
Physiological Bases of Nutrition
Authors: S. J. Cowell
Journal: BMJ (1937)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MEDICAL JOURNA L.Similarly it is probable that the alcoholic disorders which ,occur in persons with the epileptoid constitution could *be shown to link up with epileptic psychcsis proper.It is important to realize in this connexion that the constitutional factor in the exogenous psychosis does not merely effect a-slight variation of the symptomatic picture -in accordance with the patient's personal peculiarities- this would follow as a matter of course-but that it is ,an essential determining factor in the very structure of *the psychosis, a factor which does not merely colour the symptomatic picture but which determines the whole 'course and termination of the disease.The psychological .reasonsfor taking to drink vary in accordance with a person's constitution; the alcoholic disorder with which She is faced is correspondingly different, and the prognosis -is diffe-.These considerations also affect our approach to the biological and eugenic aspects of alcoholism.Since, -according to Pohlisch, alcoholic delirium, in contrast to the other alcoholic psychoses, seldom occurs as a familial disorder and frequently crops up in constitutionally healthy -individuals, it should be regarded as of less serious import than the other psychoses when we are called upon to advise in matrimonial problems.Influence of the Constitution Constitution plays no less important a part in the deter- mination of the reactive neuropsychoses, psychogenic conditions, psychoneuroses, hysteria, obsessional neurosis, and paranoid states.Although we are frequently able to cure them by psychotherapy we must never forget that successful psychotherapy just as often depends on problems of personality-structure as on experience and environment.
Teaching Health Centers and the Primary Care Workforce Crisis for the Underserved
Authors: Mahesh Krishnamurthy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Letters4 May 2010Teaching Health Centers and the Primary Care Workforce Crisis for the UnderservedMahesh Krishnamurthy, MDMahesh Krishnamurthy, MDFrom Easton Hospital, Easton, PA 18042.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-152-9-201005040-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The ongoing debate on health care reform centers on reforming health care finance to provide the laudable goal of universal health care. The basis of any fiscally responsible health care delivery system is improved access to quality primary care. The shortage of primary care physicians is one of the key obstacles, but no concentrated effort has been made to address this shortage. Rieselbach and colleagues (1) state that the decrease in primary care resident graduates is due to deficient reimbursement, debt, lifestyle preferences, and the current problematic structure of primary care practice. Unfortunately, because many of the ...References1. Rieselbach RE, Crouse BJ, Frohna JG. Teaching primary care in community health centers: addressing the workforce crisis for the underserved. Ann Intern Med. 2010;152:118-22. [PMID: 20008743] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Krishnamurthy M. Role of caregivers and geriatricians in dementia [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 2007;147:70. [PMID: 17606969] LinkGoogle Scholar3. Bragg EJ, Warshaw GA. ACGME requirements for geriatrics medicine curricula in medical specialties: progress made and progress needed. Acad Med. 2005;80:279-85. [PMID: 15734811] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Mahesh Krishnamurthy, MDAffiliations: From Easton Hospital, Easton, PA 18042.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoRole of Caregivers and Geriatricians in Dementia Mahesh Krishnamurthy Teaching Primary Care in Community Health Centers: Addressing the Workforce Crisis for the Underserved Richard E. Rieselbach , Byron J. Crouse , and John G. Frohna Teaching Health Centers and the Primary Care Workforce Crisis for the Underserved Tonya L. Fancher , Mark C. Henderson , Tracie Harris , and Dorothy Pitman Teaching Health Centers and the Primary Care Workforce Crisis for the Underserved Frederick M. Chen , Sarah A. Lesko , and Bruce Gray Teaching Health Centers and the Primary Care Workforce Crisis for the Underserved Earl Berman Teaching Health Centers and the Primary Care Workforce Crisis for the Underserved Lucinda Leung Metrics 4 May 2010Volume 152, Issue 9Page: 615KeywordsAcademic medicineGeriatricsGraduate medical educationHealth careHealth care qualityOutpatientsPrimary carePrimary care physiciansResidencySub-specialty care ePublished: 4 May 2010 Issue Published: 4 May 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...