tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
951 INTERLEUKIN 10-MEDIATED HEME OXYGENASE 1-INDUCED UNDERLYING MECHANISM IN INFLAMMATORY DOWNREGULATION BY NORFLOXACIN IN CIRRHOSIS
Authors: I. Gómez-Hurtado, P. Zapater, P. Bellot, S. Pascual, M. Pérez-Mateo, J. Such, R. Francés
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
CDKN2A might be better than telomere length in determining individual health status
Authors: P. G. Shiels
Journal: BMJ (2012)

McCartney notes that telomere length measurement raises more questions than it answers.1

Determination of personal health status based on a biomarker of ageing and not as a direct function of chronology requires very sensitive and specific biomarkers. Validated markers of biological age are few and must meet the Baker …
Wnt-β-catenin signaling initiates taste papilla development
Authors: Fei Liu, Shoba Thirumangalathu, Natalie M Gallant, Steven H Yang, Cristi L Stoick-Cooper, Seshamma T Reddy, Thomas Andl, Makoto M Taketo, Andrzej A Dlugosz, Randall T Moon, Linda A Barlow, Sarah E Millar
Journal: Nature Genetics (2006)
Inoculating Blood Cultures: Recapping Needles and Contamination Rates
Authors: Brenda L. Waters
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with interest the article entitled "Changing the Needle When Inoculating Blood Cultures: A<i>No</i>-Benefit and<i>High</i>-Risk Procedure" by Leisure et al.<sup>1</sup>As medical director of an intravenous (IV) therapy department at a teaching hospital, I had just reinstituted the policy of changing needles to reduce a recently increased contamination rate. Therefore, I was most interested in the methods and conclusions of this article. To my surprise, I found that the authors had instructed the phlebotomists (actually medical students) to recap the needles. This activity of recapping has been proved over and over again to result in needlestick injuries.<sup>2</sup>In our hospital, and in many others, recapping needles is vigorously discouraged. To further emphasize this point (forgive the pun), the authors noted that four of five injuries occurred during recapping. I am reluctant to give up the policy of changing needles on
Babesiosis in a Massachusetts Resident
Authors: Karl A. Western, Gordon D. Benson, Neva N. Gleason, George R. Healy, Myron G. Schultz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

THE babesia or piroplasmas are intracellular red-cell parasites transmitted by ticks that have been identified in a variety of wild and domestic mammals. Although many animal infections are subclinical, babesiosis can produce a febrile, hemolytic disease of considerable economic importance. The first three recognized human cases of babesiosis were in persons whose spleens had been removed.1 2 3 4 5 The fourth human case has occurred in a previously healthy, middle-aged woman whose spleen has not been removed, and who probably acquired the infection on Nantucket Island, Massachusetts.Case ReportA 59-year-old widow was admitted to a New Jersey hospital on July 13, 1969, . . .
RNF4-mediated polyubiquitination regulates the Fanconi anemia/BRCA pathway
Authors: Jenny Xie, Hyungjin Kim, Lisa A. Moreau, Shannon Puhalla, Judy Garber, Muthana Al Abo, Shunichi Takeda, Alan D. D’Andrea
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

The Fanconi anemia/BRCA (FA/BRCA) pathway is a DNA repair pathway that is required for excision of DNA interstrand cross-links. The 17 known FA proteins, along with several FA-associated proteins (FAAPs), cooperate in this pathway to detect, unhook, and excise DNA cross-links and to subsequently repair the double-strand breaks generated in the process. In the current study, we identified a patient with FA with a point mutation in FANCA, which encodes a mutant FANCA protein (FANCAI939S). FANCAI939S failed to bind to the FAAP20 subunit of the FA core complex, leading to decreased stability. Loss of FAAP20 binding exposed a SUMOylation site on FANCA at amino acid residue K921, resulting in E2 SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9-mediated SUMOylation, RING finger protein 4-mediated (RNF4-mediated) polyubiquitination, and proteasome-mediated degradation of FANCA. Mutation of the SUMOylation site of FANCA rescued the expression of the mutant protein. Wild-type FANCA was also subject to SUMOylation, RNF4-mediated polyubiquitination, and degradation, suggesting that regulated release of FAAP20 from FANCA is a critical step in the normal FA pathway. Consistent with this model, cells lacking RNF4 exhibited interstrand cross-linker hypersensitivity, and the gene encoding RNF4 was epistatic with the other genes encoding members of the FA/BRCA pathway. Together, the results from our study underscore the importance of analyzing unique patient-derived mutations for dissecting complex DNA repair processes.
Long term respiratory sequelae of whooping cough in a nationally representative sample.
Authors: N Britten, J Wadsworth
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The long term respiratory consequences of whooping cough in childhood were sought among members of the National Survey of Health and Development. Peak expiratory flow rate was measured when the survey members were 36 years old and seven respiratory symptoms were reported at the same time. Peak expiratory flow rate was slightly reduced in those who had had whooping cough as a child, and this difference became non-significant when other factors were taken into account. Unexpectedly, chronic cough was significantly less likely to be reported by those who had had whooping cough, and this difference remained significant only among men after other factors had been taken into account. This study failed to show a long term detrimental effect of whooping cough on the respiratory system.
Beta-adrenergic agonists stimulate the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway in the rat heart.
Authors: H G Zimmer, H Ibel, U Suchner
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

The oxidative pentose phosphate pathway is poorly developed in the rat heart compared with other organs, since the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, is low. As a consequence, the available pool of 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate and the rate of adenine nucleotide biosynthesis are limited. Isoproterenol, 24 hours after subcutaneous administration at 0.1, 1, and 25 mg/kg, stimulated the activity of G-6-PDH in whole hearts dose-dependently from 4.3 +/- 0.16 (control) to 6.6 +/- 0.35, 10.3 +/- 0.82, and 11.5 +/- 0.56 units/g protein, respectively. The activity of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, another of the enzymes in the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, remained unchanged. G-6-PDH activity started to increase 12 hours after isoproterenol application, when the glycogenolytic and functional response was over, and reached a peak value between 24 and 48 hours. This stimulating effect was also demonstrated in cardiac myocytes that were isolated 28 hours after isoproterenol application. beta-receptor blockade with atenolol reduced the isoproterenol-induced increase in cardiac G-6-PDH activity by 90%. Cycloheximide, which inhibits translation, and actinomycin D, which interferes with transcription, attenuated it by 83% and 78%, respectively. These results indicate that cardiac beta-adrenergic receptors and enzyme protein synthesis are involved in this effect. Other beta-sympathomimetic agents such as dopamine, dobutamine, fenoterol, salbutamol, and terbutaline also stimulated myocardial G-6-PDH activity in a time- and dose-related manner. The calcium antagonist D 600 (gallopamil) reduced the isoproterenol-elicited stimulation by 65%, and verapamil blunted the fenoterol-induced increase by 50%. This suggests that Ca2+ ions also contribute to the stimulation of the cardiac oxidative pentose phosphate pathway.
AB0011 The association between p-selectin polymorphisms and thrombosis in antiphospholipid syndrome: a pilot study
Authors: N. A. Kanıtez, V. S. Hançer, B. Erer, S. Kamalı, M. İnanç, R. D. Küçükkaya
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterised by recurrent arterial or venous thrombosis, pregnancy morbidity and the persistence of positive antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLA). The selectins are cell adhesion molecules that mediate the interaction among leukocytes, activated platelets and endothelial cells. P-selectin, which can be identified as soluble form in plasma, intercedes the attachment and rolling of leukocytes on activated endothelial cells, and is involved in the recruitment of leukocytes to thrombi. <h3>Objectives</h3> We aimed to investigate whether P-selectin polymorphisms are associated with thrombosis in patients with APS. <h3>Methods</h3> Fourty adult patients with APS and 40 healthy subjects as controls with no history of thrombosis or autoimmune diseases were included into the study. The diagnosis and classification of APS were based on the report of an international workshop. The subjects participating in the study had no systemic lupus erythematosus and the risk factor such as hypertension or hyperlipidemia for thrombosis. Genomic DNA was extracted from citrated blood samples of all subjects. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with P-selectin coding region (S290N, c.1087G&gt;A; D562N, c.1902G&gt;A; T715P, c.2363A&gt;C) were assessed. <h3>Results</h3> There were 26 APS (65%) patients with thrombosis involved vein, artery, vein and artery together respectively; 12 (46%), 10 (38%) and 4 (15%). The number of patients without thrombosis was 14 (35%). The mean age of patients (92% female) was 39,4±9,5. The frequency of D562N-DN genotype was significantly higher in patients with APS than healthy controls (p: 0,003). The frequency of this genotype was significantly higher in patients with APS with thrombosis compared with patients with no thrombosis (p:0,03). D562N-NN genotype was found at a higher frequency in patients with APS than healthy controls (p:0,004). The frequency of D562N-NN genotype was comparable between patients without thrombosis and controls (p:0,21). On the other hand, S290N and T715P polymorphisms were similar in all subjects (Table). No relationship was found between APLA, thrombocytopenia or fetal loss and P selectin polymorphisms. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our results suggest that D562N polymorphism DN genotype of P-selectin is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis in patients with APS. NN genotype of the same polymorphism might be protective for thrombosis in those patients. The effect of D562N polymorphism on soluble P-selectin levels will be studied in the next step. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
THE FORTHCOMING REPORT OF THE BUREAU OF EDUCATION ON PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES.
Authors: BAYARD HOLMES
Journal: JAMA (1893)

It has been my pleasure and rare opportunity to look over the proof sheets of chapters IX and X in the forthcoming<i>Education Report 1889-90</i>on professional schools. These chapters have been prepared by Wellford Addis of the Bureau. MEDICAL SECTS. One is pleased to see the diagrams which show such gratifying improvement in many directions. Thus, at this time, when the question of "the code or no code," is separating the American Medical Association into two factions with age and dignity on one side and youth and humanity on the other, a glance at Diagram 14, which is here reproduced will convince the most fearful that the abuse and misinterpertation of a single clause in the code need not shatter that almost inspired document. The equitable adjustment of the "medical sect" question can be furthered by devotion to higher objects in medical education. Some of these objects will be set
Primary prevention of atrial fibrillation with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing dialysis
Authors: Ting-Tse Lin, Yao-Hsu Yang, Min-Tsun Liao, Chia-Ti Tsai, Juey J. Hwang, Fu-Tien Chiang, Pau-Chung Chen, Jiunn-Lee Lin, Lian-Yu Lin
Journal: Kidney International (2015)
Ireland is to review accuracy of its miscarriage diagnoses to avoid damaging interventions
Authors: M. Houston
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Cases of misdiagnosed miscarriage that occurred over the past five years in Ireland are to be reviewed to see how many of the women who had wrongly been told that they had miscarried were then advised to have drug or surgical treatment, thus ending a viable pregnancy. 

Dozens of women across the country contacted telephone helplines set up by the Health Service Executive after Melissa Redmond, from Dublin, revealed that were it not for her insisting on a second ultrasound scan her 3 month old son would not be alive today.

An abortifacient was prescribed and arrangements were made for her to have a dilatation …
Gallbladder Disease and the Cardiac Status
Authors: Eddy D. Palmer
Journal: JAMA (1975)

FOR YEARS clinicians have suspected some connection between gallbladder disease and certain cardiac disorders. Varied experiences have suggested an association significant enough to justify cholecystectomy as hopeful therapy for angina pectoris and paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. For others, the only important interrelationship concerns problems of bedside differential diagnosis. The whole matter is in need of clarification. These things are known with reasonable confidence (Friedman's<sup>1</sup>review is recommended): In some patients, removal of a diseased gallbladder is followed by disappearance of long-standing, periodic premature ventricular contractions. In some patients, removal of a diseased gallbladder is followed by disappearance of anginal attacks. It has been reported on several occasions that removal of a diseased gallbladder has been followed by disappearance of Adams-Stokes attacks. No statistical relationship can be found between cholesterosis of the gallbladder and coronary artery disease. During gallbladder surgery, when the gallbladder or cystic duct is already distended, the manipulations
Dissociation of Pentameric to Monomeric C-Reactive Protein on Activated Platelets Localizes Inflammation to Atherosclerotic Plaques
Authors: Steffen U. Eisenhardt, Jonathon Habersberger, Andrew Murphy, Yung-Chih Chen, Kevin J. Woollard, Nicole Bassler, Hongwei Qian, Constantin von zur Muhlen, Christoph E. Hagemeyer, Ingo Ahrens, Jaye Chin-Dusting, Alex Bobik, Karlheinz Peter
Journal: Circulation Research (2009)

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a predictor of cardiovascular risk. It circulates as a pentamer (pentameric CRP) in plasma. The in vivo existence of monomeric (m)CRP has been postulated, but its function and source are not clear. We show that mCRP is deposited in human aortic and carotid atherosclerotic plaques but not in healthy vessels. pCRP is found neither in healthy nor in diseased vessels. As source of mCRP, we identify a mechanism of dissociation of pCRP to mCRP. We report that activated platelets, which play a central role in cardiovascular events, mediate this dissociation via lysophosphatidylcholine, which is present on activated but not resting platelets. Furthermore, the dissociation of pCRP to mCRP can also be mediated by apoptotic monocytic THP-1 and Jurkat T cells. The functional consequence is the unmasking of proinflammatory effects of CRP as demonstrated in experimental settings that are pathophysiologically relevant for atherogenesis: compared to pCRP, mCRP induces enhanced monocyte chemotaxis; monocyte activation, as determined by conformational change of integrin Mac-1; generation of reactive oxygen species; and monocyte adhesion under static and physiological flow conditions. In conclusion, we demonstrate mCRP generation via pCRP dissociation on activated platelets and H 2 O 2 -treated apoptotic THP-1 and Jurkat T cells, thereby identifying a mechanism of localized unmasking of the proinflammatory properties of CRP. This novel mechanism provides a potential link between the established cardiovascular risk marker, circulating pCRP, and localized platelet-mediated inflammatory and proatherogenic effects.
Efficacy of Instant Glucose
Authors: Harvey M. Rosenbaum, Saul M. Genuth, Gerald T. Kent, O. Peter Schumacher, Ralph G. Wieland
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Gunning and Garber have shown in their article "Bioactivity of Instant Glucose: Failure of Absorption Through Oral Mucosa" (240:1611, 1978) that buccal absorption of glucose from instant glucose did not occur in normal, nondiabetic volunteers, but that 88% of a swallowed dose of instant glucose was absorbed by intestinal hydrolysis during a 30-minute interval in the same volunteers. They then stated that patients in hypoglycemic coma might possibly have a depressed gag reflex and either aspirate the instant glucose or puddle it in the oropharynx. They therefore conclude that instant glucose may be dangerous or may not work under certain circumstances, and they suggest that "other treatment may be more appropriate." The Diabetes Association of Greater Cleveland has produced and distributed instant glucose since 1967. It was primarily designed for the patient to carry on his person. If the patient feels impending hypoglycemia or friends note unusual
SERUM CHANGES AND THE CAUSE OF DEATH IN EXPERIMENTAL PANCREATITIS
Authors: William Petersen, James W. Jobling, A. A. Eggstein
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1916)

1. The serum changes observed during acute experimental pancreatitis indicate that the shock and death are due to an intoxication from protein split products, and not to an intoxication from pure tryptic ferment. 2. When the pancreatitis is produced by the injection of an anti-proteolytic substance (sodium oleate), the degree of intoxication bears no relation to the degree of tissue destruction. 3. The increase in serum antiferment apparently favors the recovery of the animal.
Brain Imaging in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Barbera van Harten, Frank-Erik de Leeuw, Henry C. Weinstein, Philip Scheltens, Geert Jan Biessels
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Diabetes is associated with impaired cognitive functioning and an increased risk of dementia (1,2). Patients with type 1 diabetes may show mild to moderate slowing of mental speed and diminished mental flexibility, whereas learning and memory are relatively spared (3). In patients with type 2 diabetes, cognitive impairment may be relatively more pronounced, particularly affecting verbal memory or complex information processing (4,5). The pathogenesis is still uncertain, but chronic hyperglycemia, vascular disease, repeated hypoglycemic episodes, and possibly direct effects of insulin on the brain have been implicated (6). Brain imaging studies can help to clarify the pathogenesis. An increasing number of studies report both focal vascular and more global (e.g., atrophy) cerebral changes, but the results are not always consistent.

Our aim was to systematically review brain imaging studies in patients with diabetes. Data on the relation of imaging with cognition and with relevant disease variables were also recorded.

Medline and EMBASE (1966 to February 2006) were searched with the following medical subject heading terms: computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies: white matter, leukoaraiosis, lacunar infarction, subcortical, periventricular, brain, cerebral, hippocampus, atrophy, MRI, magnetic resonance imaging, CT, and tomography; magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies: magnetic resonance spectroscopy, MRS, brain, and cerebral; positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission CT (SPECT), and Xenon-enhanced CT studies: cerebral blood flow, glucose metabolism, brain, cerebral, PET, SPECT, Xenon, positron emission tomography, single-photon emission tomography, and tomography; all combined with “diabetes.”

The abstracts were screened and potentially relevant articles retrieved. These articles were included if they met the following four criteria: 1 ) original article, written in English, on brain imaging in adult patients with diabetes in comparison with control subjects; 2 ) diagnostic criteria for diabetes specified; 3 ) sample size of at least 20 diabetic patients, or a total sample …
Improving students' ability to perform skin examinations and detect cutaneous malignancies using standardized patients and moulage
Authors: Karolyn A. Wanat, Joseph Kist, Anokhi Jambusaria-Pahlajani, Denise LaMarra, Adrienne Mackey, James R. Treat, Misha Rosenbach
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2013)
Developmental Exposure of Rats to Chlorpyrifos Elicits Sex-Selective Hyperlipidemia and Hyperinsulinemia in Adulthood
Authors: Theodore A. Slotkin, Kathleen K. Brown, Frederic J. Seidler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Developmental exposure to chlorpyrifos alters cell signaling both in the brain and in peripheral tissues, affecting the responses to a variety of neurotransmitters and hormones. We administered 1 mg/kg/day chlorpyrifos to rats on postnatal days 1-4, a regimen below the threshold for systemic toxicity. When tested in adulthood, chlorpyrifos-exposed animals displayed elevations in plasma cholesterol and triglycerides, without underlying alterations in nonesterified free fatty acids and glycerol. This effect was restricted to males. Similarly, in the postprandial state, male rats showed hyperinsulinemia in the face of normal circulating glucose levels but demonstrated appropriate reduction of circulating insulin concentrations after fasting. These outcomes and sex selectivity resemble earlier findings at the cellular level, which identified hepatic hyperresponsiveness to gluconeogenic inputs from beta-adrenoceptors or glucagon receptors. Our results thus indicate that apparently subtoxic neonatal chlorpyrifos exposure, devoid of effects on viability or growth but within the parameters of human fetal or neonatal exposures, produce a metabolic pattern for plasma lipids and insulin that resembles the major adult risk factors for atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
X--Paired alternatives.
Authors: T D Swinscow
Journal: BMJ (1976)

The significance of the results can then be simply tested by McNemar's test in the following way.Ignore rows (1) and ( 4), and examine rows (2) and (3).Let the larger number of pairs in either of rows (2) or (3) be called n1 on 2 August 2023 by guest.
Molecular Genetics and Ventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: Arthur J. Moss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

In 1957, Jervell and Lange-Nielsen described a family with four children who had congenital deafness, syncope, and prolongation of the QT interval on electrocardiograms.1 Three of the children died suddenly. Levine and Woodworth described a similar patient the following year.2 The transmission of this cardioauditory syndrome suggested an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. Romano et al. in 19633 and Ward in 19644 described two families with similar clinical features, but the affected patients had normal hearing and the transmission was consistent with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. During the past 35 years, approximately 400 families, involving more than 1500 . . .
HYPNOTIC REMEDIES IN MENTAL DISEASE.THE INDICATIONS THEREFOR AND THE USE THEREOF.
Authors: A. R. DIEFENDORF
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The paramount importance of insomnia as a symptom of mental disease always places the discussion of the indications for and the use of hypnotic remedies foremost in the therapeutics of psychiatry.  In discussing the subject I shall consider two phases of insomnia: 1, The insomnia characteristic of the early stages of mental disturbances, and, 2, the insomnia encountered after the psychosis has become well established. The two differ from each other and demand radically different methods of treatment.  The insomnia of the prodromal period is an almost invariable symptom, varying in intensity from the simple mild form of sleeplessness to the most aggravating and intractable, demanding drastic procedure. It may exist for many months before the outbreak of the more acute symptoms. It has no marked distinguishing features, but is usually accompanied by some more or less definite head symptoms which tend to reveal its true character. The great