tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
What is really ongoing during occult HBV reactivation?
Authors: Isabelle Chemin, Sophie Alain, Séverine Margeridon, Saad Mrani, Alan Kay, Christian Trépo
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

We read with interest the article by Hass et al.1 documenting the proposal of a posttranscriptional regulation of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) production in a case of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection reactivation. Convincing in vitro demonstration of the ability of the G458A mutation to affect HBsAg production through the 5′ splicing site of HBV is provided. These data are very useful from a mechanistic perspective because, despite the improvement of several new generation tests for HBsAg showing excellent sensitivity, occult infections still escape HBsAg-negative detection despite detectable HBV DNA. In most cases there is no change in the a determinant that could explain the lack of HBsAg detection,2-4 and very few cases (≈10%) are related to obvious "hypermutated" HBV genomes.5, 6 Posttranscriptional regulation due to minor changes in the HBV sequence seems a relevant option. The authors did not discuss the link between HBV reactivation and HIV status of the patients—including HIV viral loads, CD4+ cell counts, and highly active antiretroviral therapy such as 3TC—but it is intriguing that both patients A and B became HBsAg-positive when CD4+ cells decreased to under 200/mL. An important point is that the careful analysis performed to highlight the possible mechanism involved in HBsAg negativity was conducted at the reactivation peak, when HBsAg was in fact positive. Indeed, no HBV sequences from before reactivation—the time at which patient A was HBsAg-negative—have been analyzed. The fact that all the sequences analyzed to provide a new mechanism to explain HBsAg negativity in HBV DNA+ patients are derived from an HBsAg-positive sample is worrisome. Finally, because a mixed HBV genome population was documented in patient A, a phenomenon that we6, 7 and others8 have also observed, one should not overlook the possibility that dynamic processes, over time, affect the HBV genomes circulating in these patients. We can therefore wonder whether the detection of mutation G458A at a point during follow-up when the patient was HBsAg-positive is sufficient to conclude that the G458A-mutated HBV genomes were responsible for the previous lack of HBsAg detection. An alternative hypothesis, based on the fact that there are frequently mixed populations of HBV during occult infections, would be that trans-complementation of two defective HBV genomes may be occurring, which would lead to a chronic HBsAg-negative HBV infection. Isabelle Chemin*, Sophie Alain , Séverine Margeridon*, Saad Mrani*, Alan Kay*, Christian Trépo*, * INSERM U271, Virus des hépatites et Pathologies Associées, Lyon, France, CHU Dupuytren, Limoges, France.
Magnetic resonance angiography of intracranial and extracranial arteries in patients with spontaneous migraine without aura: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Faisal Mohammad Amin, Mohammad Sohail Asghar, Anders Hougaard, Adam Espe Hansen, Vibeke Andrée Larsen, Patrick JH de Koning, Henrik BW Larsson, Jes Olesen, Messoud Ashina
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2013)
Growth Inhibition of Human Lymphoma Cell Lines by the Marine Products, Dolastatins 10 and 15
Authors: M. Beckwith, W. J. Urba, D. L. Longo
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1993)

Journal Article Growth Inhibition of Human Lymphoma Cell Lines by the Marine Products, Dolastatins 10 and 15 Get access Margaret Beckwith, Margaret Beckwith Biological Carcinogenesis and Development Program, Program Resources Inc/DynCorp Inc., Frederick, Md Correspondence to : Margaret Beckwith, Ph.D., NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Building, 567, Room 206, Frederick, MD 21702. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Walter J. Urba, Walter J. Urba Clinical Services Program, Program Resources Inc/DynCorp Inc.Frederick, Md Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dan L. Longo Dan L. Longo Biological Response Modifiers Program, Division of Cancer Treatment, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research and Development CenterFrederick, Md Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 85, Issue 6, 17 March 1993, Pages 483–488, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/85.6.483 Published: 17 March 1993 Article history Received: 04 September 1992 Revision received: 03 December 1992 Accepted: 11 December 1992 Published: 17 March 1993
Coaching sport to develop personal strengths in young people: perspectives from positive psychology
Authors: Jim McKenna
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Contemporary research emphasises that sport and physical activity can play a powerful role in helping young people to optimise their development. Indeed, this is one of the most enduring legacies that sport advocates wish to claim for engagement. However, it is unwise to assume that exposure to these activities is universally positive, and drop-out (as distinct from transfer) and long-term withdrawal from active living remain worrying outcomes of especially negative experiences. Equally, it is not sensible to assume that engagement should be made trouble-free, since successful management of negative experiences can all contribute to personal development. This presentation will draw on theoretical perspectives from Frederikson's Broaden and Build Theory of Emotions and different conceptualisations relating to both flourishing and resilience to address viable options for improving the experience of sport engagement for young people. With obvious relevance to leadership and governance, these issues will interest coaches, athletes governing bodies of sport and sport psychologists alike.
Electrocardiographic Studies in Normal Infants and Children
Authors: Robert F. Ziegler
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A homozygous insertion–deletion in the type VII collagen gene (COL7A1) in Hallopeau–Siemens dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Latifa Hilal, Ariane Rochat, Philippe Duquesnoy, Claudine Blanchet-Bardon, Janine Wechsler, Nadine Martin, Angela M. Christiano, Yann Barrandon, Jouni Uitto, Michel Goossens, Alain Hovnanian
Journal: Nature Genetics (1993)
Hairy Cell Leukemia-Associated Familial Lymphoproliferative Disorder
Authors: HARVEY JAY COHEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Three generations of a family were affected by hematologic malignancies: the proband had hairy cell leukemia, his brother chronic lymphocytic leukemia, his nephew cutaneous and central nervous system lymphoma, and his father chronic granulocytic leukemia. There was no clinical evidence for immune deficiency in 17 unaffected family members. Most family members had normal serum immunoglobulins and peripheral B-cells, but some had decreased T cells. Lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A were markedly reduced, while pokeweed mitogen responses were essentially normal. Delayed hypersensitivity responses determined by response to a 23-antigen skin test panel were markedly diminished, as were viral antibody titers. The decreased immune function in these family members suggests a role for the immune system in the emergence of hairy cell leukemia and other lymphoid malignancies, though further follow-up will be needed to see if other family members develop malignancies.
Subtrocar for Removing a Gallbladder from the Abdominal Cavity
Authors: S. Kakizoe, Y. Kakizoe, S. Kase, M. Ishida, H. Kakizoe, T. Kakizoe, K. Kakizoe
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Recent advances in laparoscopic cholecystectomy have enabled us to perform the procedure using three 3 mm or 5 mm trocars for operative instruments and a 10 mm trocar for the laparoscope [1] [2] . A small-diameter laparoscope is necessary to perform the procedure when removing a gallbladder from the abdominal cavity. Small-diameter laparoscopes, however, are expensive, and still give poor imaging [3]. We have developed a subtrocar which enabled us to extract the gallbladder without using a small-diameter laparoscope.
Typhoid Fever Due to Salmonella typhi
Authors: R. Lamb
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Deaths from Smoking SIR,-Your leading article of 6 June (p.1451) comments on remarks which I made recently.I would like to take this oppor- tunity to answer some of the points raised.It was not my intention to deny or to minimize the association of cigarette-smoking to the incidence of bronchial carcinoma.I agree that the frequency of this disease is reflected in the extent of individual cigarette consumption.I recognize that although the development of bronchial carcinoma is materially less in light smokers than in heavy smokers the evidence available shows that smoking cigar- ettes, even in small numbers, adds to the hazard in comparison with non-smokers.I would like, therefore, to make it clear that the views of the Imperial Cancer
Profiling of circulating microRNAs: from single biomarkers to re-wired networks
Authors: A. Zampetaki, P. Willeit, I. Drozdov, S. Kiechl, M. Mayr
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

The recent discovery that microRNAs (miRNAs) are present in the circulation sparked interest in their use as potential biomarkers. In this review, we will summarize the latest findings on circulating miRNAs and cardiovascular disease but also discuss analytical challenges. While research on circulating miRNAs is still in its infancy, high analytical standards in statistics and study design are a prerequisite to obtain robust data and avoid repeating the mistakes of the early genetic association studies. Otherwise, studies tend to get published because of their novelty despite low numbers, poorly matched cases and controls and no multivariate adjustment for conventional risk factors. Research on circulating miRNAs can only progress by bringing more statistical rigour to bear in this field and by evaluating changes of individual miRNAs in the context of the overall miRNA network. Such miRNA signatures may have better diagnostic and prognostic value.
A Key Role for Old Yellow Enzyme in the Metabolism of Drugs by <i>Trypanosoma cruzi </i>
Authors: Bruno Kilunga Kubata, Zakayi Kabututu, Tomoyoshi Nozaki, Craig J. Munday, Shunichi Fukuzumi, Kei Ohkubo, Michael Lazarus, Toshihiko Maruyama, Samuel K. Martin, Michael Duszenko, Yoshihiro Urade
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2002)

Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas' disease. So far, first choice anti-chagasic drugs in use have been shown to have undesirable side effects in addition to the emergence of parasite resistance and the lack of prospect for vaccine against T. cruzi infection. Thus, the isolation and characterization of molecules essential in parasite metabolism of the anti-chagasic drugs are fundamental for the development of new strategies for rational drug design and/or the improvement of the current chemotherapy. While searching for a prostaglandin (PG) F2α synthase homologue, we have identified a novel “old yellow enzyme” from T. cruzi (TcOYE), cloned its cDNA, and overexpressed the recombinant enzyme. Here, we show that TcOYE reduced 9,11-endoperoxide PGH2 to PGF2α as well as a variety of trypanocidal drugs. By electron spin resonance experiments, we found that TcOYE specifically catalyzed one-electron reduction of menadione and β-lapachone to semiquinone-free radicals with concomitant generation of superoxide radical anions, while catalyzing solely the two-electron reduction of nifurtimox and 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide drugs without free radical production. Interestingly, immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that anti-TcOYE polyclonal antibody abolished major reductase activities of the lysates toward these drugs, identifying TcOYE as a key drug-metabolizing enzyme by which quinone drugs have their mechanism of action.
Impacted Foreign Body at the Pharyngoesophageal Junction: An Innovative Management
Authors: S. Nijhawan, L. Shimpi, N. K. Jain, R. R. Rai
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

The majority of foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract can be retrieved endoscopically [1] with the help of forceps, basket or snare [2]. We report an innovative method of removal of an impacted foreign body at the pharyngoesophageal junction.
Therapy of Acute Hepatitis C With Interferon: How Good Is It Really?
Authors: Jorge J. Gumucio, Jorge Rakela, David D. Douglas
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

To test whether interferon can prevent acute non–A, non–B hepatitis from becoming chronic, a prospective controlled trial was conducted in 25 patients; 11 were treated for an average of 30 days with a mean of 52 megaunits of interferon and 14 acted as controls. 4 patients in the treatment group who continued to have raised serum aminotransferase concentrations after a year's follow–up were given a second course of interferon. Follow–up at 3 years has revealed that all but 1 of those treated showed normal serum aminotransferase, whereas only 3 controls showed such change (p &lt; 0.02). Serum hepatitis C virus RNA became undetectable in 10 of 11 treated and in only 1 of 12 control patients, which suggests that interferon prevents the progression of acute non–A, non–B hepatitis to chronicity by eradicating HCV.
Fluoroquinolone Resistance in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>
Authors: Rose A. Devasia, Amondrea Blackman, Tebeb Gebretsadik, Marie Griffin, Ayumi Shintani, Carolyn May, Teresa Smith, Nancy Hooper, Fernanda Maruri, Jon Warkentin, Ed Mitchel, Timothy R. Sterling
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Rationale: Fluoroquinolones are the most commonly prescribed antibiotic class in the United States. They have the potential to become first-line antituberculosis therapy, but the effect of fluoroquinolone use on fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is not well characterized.Objectives: To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for fluoroquinolone-resistant tuberculosis in a large United States population.Methods: We identified all people with culture-confirmed tuberculosis enrolled in TennCare (Medicaid) and reported to the Tennessee Department of Health from January 2002 to December 2006. People with fluoroquinolone-resistant M. tuberculosis isolates (cases) were compared with those with susceptible isolates (control subjects). Fluoroquinolone resistance was determined by agar proportion using ofloxacin 2 μg/ml. Outpatient fluoroquinolone exposure in the 12 months before tuberculosis diagnosis was ascertained from TennCare pharmacy data.Measurements and Main Results: Of 640 study patients, 116 (18%) had fluoroquinolone exposure in the 12 months before diagnosis, and 16 (2.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4–4.0%) M. tuberculosis isolates were fluoroquinolone resistant. Among the 54 patients with more than 10 days of fluoroquinolone exposure, 7 (13%) had fluoroquinolone resistance. In multivariable logistic regression analyses using propensity score to control for age, sex, race, HIV serostatus, and site of disease, more than 10 days of fluoroquinolone exposure before tuberculosis diagnosis was associated with fluoroquinolone resistance (odds ratio 7.0; 95% CI, 2.3–20.6; P = 0.001). Fluoroquinolone exposure for more than 10 days that occurred more than 60 days before tuberculosis diagnosis was associated with the highest risk of resistance (20.8%; odds ratio 17.0; 95% CI, 5.1–56.8; P < 0.001 compared with no exposure).Conclusions: Overall, fluoroquinolone resistance was relatively low. However, receipt of fluoroquinolones for more than 10 days, particularly more than 60 days before tuberculosis diagnosis, was associated with a high risk of fluoroquinolone-resistant tuberculosis.
512 IN VITRO CO-CULTURE OF PRIMARY HUMAN TUMOR AND NON-TUMOR HEPATOCYTES WITH AUTOLOGOUS PBMCS AND STUDY OF THEIR IMMUNOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS
Authors: P.P. Doumba, M. Nikolopoulou, A. Derventzi, I.P. Gomatos, E. Galani, E. Leandros, S. Katsaragakis, A. Archimandritis, M.M. Konstadoulakis, J. Koskinas
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Fulminant streptococcus pyogenes infection.
Authors: J R Goepel, D G Richards, D M Harris, L Henry
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Life-threatening infection due to Streptococcus pyogenes (fPhaemolytic streptococcus, Lancefield's group A) has become uncommon since the introduction of penicillin.1 2 3 Excluding the four cases reported here, the department of bacteriology at this hospital has seen only six cases of Str pyogenes bacteraemia in the past 10 years, and nationally the species accounted for only 2 7% of all bacteraemias recorded in 1976 and 1977.4We report on four major infections by group A streptococci seen in this hospital over three months to emphasise their ful- minant nature, the fact that they presented in ways that did not immediately suggest their cause, and the limitations of certain commonly used methods of treatment. Case reportsCase 1-An acutely ill 15-year-old girl was admitted on 29 January 1980 with peritonitis.On a presumptive diagnosis of perforative appendicitis, gentamicin and metronidazole were given preoperatively.Laparotomy showed bilateral suppurative salpingitis, and many Gram-positive cocci were seen in films made from the pus.Benzylpenicillin, 2 MU six hourly, was given immediately, and culture of the pus subsequently yielded Str pyogenes.Though initially very ill, she was discharged well after five days and subsequently returned to school.It is not yet known whether she has permanent tubal damage.
Return of Susannah Sash Shandy-Reply
Authors: Ruth B. Hewitt
Journal: JAMA (1974)

ABSTRACT To the Editor.— We appreciate the contribution to the standard nomenclature of diseases and operations of  from Dr. R. R. R. Raleigh (226:1571, 1973), and we agree that the term needs a species designation to accompany the generic designation which he has suggested, since acucullophallia generically includes a condition, usually iatrogenic, that is so widespread and so harmless (though not all will agree with this latter characterization) as to place it outside the bounds of the clinical.We wish to point out, however, that the species Susannahus, since a window sash was involved, hardly should include the toilet-seat syndrome. Small slam, indeed, but the TS syndrome (for succinctness) described in earlier communications did not consist merely of circumcision (more properly, guillotinization), but evidently of a variety of blows from a blunt object other than a window sash, namely, a toilet seat.We recommend, accordingly, that the toilet-seat syndrome be
Degradation of collagen by a human granulocyte collagenolytic system
Authors: Gerald S. Lazarus, John R. Daniels, Robert S. Brown, Howard A. Bladen, Harold M. Fullmer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

This report suggests a mechanism for collagen degradation mediated by human granulocytic leukocytes. A specific collagenase, which is extractable from human granulocytes, has been partially purified by DEAE chromatography. This collagenolytic enzyme is operative at physiological pH and is inhibited by EDTA, cysteine, and reduced glutathione but not by human serum. The enzyme cleaves the collagen molecule into two specific products, without loss of helical conformation. Electron micrographs of segment long spacing aggregates indicate that the cleavage occurs one-quarter of the length from the carboxy terminal end of the molecule. Experiments with crude extracts from granulocytes suggest that the specific products of granulocyte collagenase activity are then degraded by other proteases present in the human granulocyte.
76 TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE (TDF) VERSUS EMTRICITABINE PLUS TDF FOR TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B (CHB) IN SUBJECTS WITH PERSISTENT VIRAL REPLICATION RECEIVING ADEFOVIR DIPIVOXIL (ADV)
Authors: T. Berg, B. Moller, H. Trinh, S. Chan, P. Marcellin, E. Suarez, A. Snow-Lampart, D. Frederick, D. Oldach, J. Sorbel, K. Borroto-Esoda, F. Rousseau
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Computerised Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sammy K. Cheng, Janine Dizon
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2012)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Computerised cognitive behavioural therapy (CCBT) is an innovative mode of delivering services to patients with psychological disorders. The present paper uses a meta-analysis to systematically review and evaluate the effectiveness of CCBT for insomnia (CCBT-I). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Method:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; A comprehensive search was conducted on 7 databases including MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Social Sciences Citation Index and PubMed (up to March 2011). Search terms covered 3 concepts: (1) [&lt;i&gt;internet, web, online, computer-aided, computer-assisted, computer-guided, computerized&lt;/i&gt; OR&lt;i&gt; computerised&lt;/i&gt;] AND (2) [&lt;i&gt;CBT, cognitive therapy, behavio(u)ral therapy&lt;/i&gt; OR &lt;i&gt;behavio(u)r therapy&lt;/i&gt;] AND (3) [&lt;i&gt;insomnia, sleep disorders &lt;/i&gt;OR&lt;i&gt; sleeping problem&lt;/i&gt;]. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; 533 potentially relevant papers were identified, and 6 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that met the selection criteria were included in the review and analysis. Two RCTs were done by the same group of investigators (Ritterband and colleagues) using the same internet programmes. Post-treatment mean differences between groups showed that the effects of CCBT-I on sleep quality, sleep efficiency, the number of awakenings, sleep onset latency and the Insomnia Severity Index were significant, ranging from small to large effect sizes. However, effects on wake time after sleep onset, total sleep time and time in bed were non-significant. On average, the number needed to treat was 3.59. The treatment adherence rate for CCBT-I was high (78%). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; The results lend support to CCBT as a mildly to moderately effective self-help therapy in the short run for insomnia. CCBT-I can be an acceptable form of low-intensity treatment in the stepped care model for insomnia.
Expression of a glycoprotein of the carcinoembryonic antigen family in normal and neoplastic sebaceous glands
Authors: Dieter Metze, H.-Peter Soyer, Bernhard Zelger, Michael Neumaier, Fritz Grunert, Christine Hartig, Udo Amann, Ranjit Bhardwaj, Christoph Wagener, Thomas A. Luger
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1996)