tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
II. Blue Movie
Authors: Robert W. Nudelman
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to a ruptured intracranial aneurysm represents about 10% of all new cases of stroke seen each year<sup>1,2</sup>with an incidence of ten per 100 000.<sup>1-4</sup>An unknown number of people harbor unruptured aneurysms, but postmortem studies have revealed these lesions in up to 8% of a population undergoing autopsy.<sup>2</sup>Unfortunately, aneurysms rarely produce any signs or symptoms before rupture. The physiologic and environmental factors that provoke rupture are unknown, but may include hypertension, sexual activity, and emotional and physical stress. The following case represents an unusual combination of illicit drug use and erotic activity that resulted in an unforeseeable and nearly catastrophic neurologic emergency. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 43-year-old homosexual male, in previously good health, was "popping" amyl nitrite and viewing erotic movies. He suddenly experienced the onset of a severe headache and became acutely confused. Physical examination on admission
A NON-GAS-PRODUCING STRAIN OF THE HOG-CHOLERA BACILLUS ISOLATED FROM AN OLD LABORATORY CULTURE
Authors: Carl Tenbroeck
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1916)

In a stock culture of the hog-cholera bacillus, which was passed through a series of rabbits 14 years ago, an organism was found that differs from the original culture in that it fails to form gas from the carbohydrates that are usually attacked by this organism, while acid formation persists. This new strain is agglutinated by an anti-hog-cholera bacillus serum and produces in rabbits and mice a disease similar to that caused by the typical cultures. The failure to form gas has persisted over a period of 18 months and all attempts to cause the strain to revert to the original condition have failed. It resembles in many respects Bacillus typhosus and it may be that some of the so called typhoid cultures that are not agglutinated by antityphoid serum are non-gas-producing paratyphoids. Attempts to produce a similar change in a more recently isolated culture of the hog-cholera bacillus by means of animal passages and changes in the environment have been negative.
An in vitro model of gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Effect of gliadin on intestinal epithelial cells of patients with gluten-sensitive enteropathy in organ culture.
Authors: Z M Falchuk, R L Gebhard, C Sessoms, W Strober
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Jejunal biopsy specimens from patients with gluten-sensitive enteropathy (GSE) (obtained during gluten challenge) as well as from normal individuals and patients with other gastrointestinal abnormalities were cultured in vitro for 48 h in the presence or absence of a peptic-tryptic digest (P-T digest) of gliadin. In the absence of gliadin the alkaline phosphatase activity in the biopsy specimens obtained from normal control individuals increased from an initial value of 384 +/- 83 U to a 48 h value of 561 +/- 151 U (mean +/- SD) (difference significant at P < 0.01). The initial alkaline phosphatase activity of specimens obtained from patients with GSE was strikingly lower than that of normals, 117 +/- 79 U, and increased to a 48 h value of 399 +/- 203 U (difference significant at P < 0.01). The biochemical change in cultured biopsy specimens of GSE patients correlated with increases in the length and regularity of brush borders of epithelial cells as seen with the electron microscope. In the presence of a P-T digest of gliadin, the alkaline phosphatase activity of biopsy specimens of control individuals increased from an initial value of 384 +/- 83 U to a 48 h value of 578 +/- 156 U. In contrast, the alkaline phosphatase activity of biopsy specimens of patients with GSE in exacerbation showed a markedly diminished increase in activity during 48 h of culture; in this case the initial activity was 117 +/- 79 U and the final activity was 203 +/- 93 U. This inhibitory effect on increase of alkaline phosphatase activity during organ culture was specific in that a P-T digest of casein (a protein not toxic in vivo to patients with GSE) had no effect on alkaline phosphatase increases in culture. Finally, these results obtained with biopsy specimens taken from patients with GSE in exacerbation were compared with results obtained from patients with GSE in remission. Alkaline phosphatase activity of specimens obtained from the latter group of patients also increased during culture but in this instance P-T digest of gliadin in the culture medium had no significant inhibitory effect. In conclusion, the inhibitory effect of gliadin on intestinal epithelial cells in organ culture represents an in vitro model of gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Inasmuch as this effect of gliadin is not seen in cultures of specimens taken from patients in remission, it appears that gliadin is not directly toxic to GSE jejunal mucosa per se, but rather toxicity requires the participation of an endogenous effector mechanism which must first be stimulated in vivo.
Enhancement of pulmonary vascular remodelling and inflammatory genes with VIP gene deletion
Authors: S. A. Hamidi, S. Prabhakar, S. I. Said
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

The pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains poorly understood. The present authors recently reported that mice with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) gene disruption show a spontaneous phenotype of PAH, with pulmonary vascular remodelling and lung inflammation. To explore the underlying molecular mechanisms in this model, it was examined whether absence of the VIP gene might alter the expression of additional genes involved in the pathogenesis of PAH, as single-gene deletions, in the absence of hypoxia, rarely result in significant pulmonary vascular remodelling. Lung tissue from mice with targeted disruption of the vasoactive intestinal peptide gene (VIP -/- mice) and from control mice was subjected to whole-genome gene microarray analysis, and the results validated with quantitative, real-time PCR. Lungs from VIP -/- mice showed a wide range of significant gene expression alterations, including overexpression of genes that promote pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, underexpression of antiproliferative genes and upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes. In conclusion, vasoactive intestinal peptide is a pivotal modulator of genes controlling the pulmonary vasculature, its deficiency alone resulting in gene expression alterations that can readily explain both the vascular remodelling and associated inflammatory response in pulmonary arterial hypertension. The present findings shed more light on the molecular mechanisms of pulmonary arterial hypertension, and could lead to better understanding of the pathogenesis of human pulmonary arterial hypertension, and hence to improved therapy.
Rugby in Rio in 2016!
Authors: Lars Engebretsen, Kathrin Steffen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Warm upan Iranian group published in this issue 1 (see page 168) shows that catastrophic injuries are rare, 2/100 000 wrestlers per year.However, the sport is extremely popular in countries like Iran and other East Asian countries, and needs public focus on injury prevention.In their paper, the authors attempt to identify major risk factors for catastrophic wrestling injuries, which for the future will play an essential role in affecting rule changes and thereby hopefully injury prevention, too.In the current issue, we also present news on risk-taking behaviour in skiing/ snowboarding to prevent injuries in these sports, 2 (see page 204) data from a cohort of elite rowers, 3 (see page 207) as well as results from a prospective cohort study on physical activity and sports related injuries in children. 4 (see page 158) These papers are important contributions to sports medicine which should help sports medicine clinicians and researchers in implementing current knowledge on injury prevention.As one of their tasks, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) has decided to fi nancially support established research centres that have demonstrated clinical, educational and research expertise in elite sports.In September 2009, the IOC announced that four sports medicine centres were chosen as 'IOC research centres for IPHP.'The tasks for the centres, located in Australia, Canada, Norway and South Africa, will be: ▶ establishing long-term research programmes on injury and disease
Donald Unverferth, MD
Authors: Molly Woulfe
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Double blind trial of loperamide for treating acute watery diarrhoea in expatriates in Bangladesh.
Authors: F P van Loon, M L Bennish, P Speelman, C Butler
Journal: Gut (1989)

To determine if loperamide is effective and safe in treating watery diarrhoea, we randomly assigned 50 adult expatriates in Bangladesh with more than three unformed stools in the previous 24 hours and illness of less than 72 hours to receive loperamide or a placebo. On entry into the five day study patients took two capsules (one loperamide capsule = 2 mg) and one after each unformed stool up to a maximum of eight per day. The groups did not significantly differ in pretreatment features or pathogens identified. Mean number of stools on study day 1 was 2.6 in the loperamide group and 4.0 in the placebo group (p = 0.035); on day 2 it was 1.3 versus 3.4 (p less than 0.001). Differences in stool frequencies during the final three study days, or proportion of patients with cramps, nausea, or vomiting on any study day, were not significant. No serious side effects occurred in either group. We conclude that loperamide, by decreasing stool frequency during the early part of illness, may have a role in the symptomatic treatment of this self-limiting disease.
Relation between longitudinal, circumferential, and oblique shortening and torsional deformation in the left ventricle of the transplanted human heart.
Authors: N B Ingels, D E Hansen, G T Daughters, E B Stinson, E L Alderman, D C Miller
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

The present study was designed to investigate the anisotropy of systolic chord shortening in the lateral, inferior, septal, and anterior regions of the human left ventricle. At the time of surgery, 12 miniature radiopaque markers were implanted into the left ventricular midwall of the donor heart in 15 cardiac transplant recipients. Postoperative biplane cineradiograms were computer-analyzed to yield the three-dimensional coordinates of these markers at 16.7-msec intervals. In each of the four left ventricular regions, chords were constructed from a central marker to outlying markers, and the percent systolic shortening of each chord was calculated. In each region, chord angles were measured with respect to the circumferential direction (positive angles counterclockwise) and each chord was assigned to one of four angular groups: I. oblique, -45 +/- 22.5 degrees or 135 +/- 22.5 degrees; II. circumferential, 0 +/- 22.5 degrees or 180 +/- 22.5 degrees; III. oblique, 45 +/- 22.5 degrees or -135 +/- 22.5 degrees; or IV. longitudinal, 90 +/- 22.5 degrees. In the lateral, inferior, and septal regions, respectively, systolic shortening (mean +/- SD%) was significantly greater in Group I chords (19 +/- 5%, 17 +/- 5%, and 15 +/- 4%) than those in Group II (15 +/- 5%, 12 +/- 4%, and 11 +/- 4%), Group III (12 +/- 4%, 12 +/- 5%, and 11 +/- 4%), or Group IV (13 +/- 5%, 13 +/- 6%, and 12 +/- 5%). The anterior region was unique in exhibiting equal shortening in both Group I and Group II chords (16 +/- 5%), although the shortening of these chords was significantly greater than that of Group III and Group IV (12 +/- 5%) in this region. A cylindrical mathematical model was developed to relate longitudinal, circumferential, and oblique systolic shortening to torsional deformation about the long axis of the left ventricle. Torsional deformations measured in these 15 hearts were of sufficient magnitude and correct sense to agree with model predictions. These data suggest that torsional deformations of the left ventricle are of fundamental importance in linking the one-dimensional contraction of the helically wound myocytes to the three-dimensional anisotropic systolic shortening encountered in the transplanted human heart.
What a waste of human resources
Authors: C J Langridge
Journal: BMJ (1989)

<h3>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</h3> Functional neuroimaging studies in irritable bowel syndrome have revealed abnormalities in the corticolimbic regions, specifically, hyperactivity of the amygdala during visceral and somatic stimulation. This study investigated changes in the neural circuitry of the amygdala in patients with irritable bowel syndrome based on resting-state functional connectivity. <h3>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</h3> Functional MR imaging data were acquired from 31 patients with irritable bowel syndrome and 32 healthy controls (matched for age, sex, and educational level) during rest, and the resting-state functional connectivity of bilateral amygdalae was compared. Multiple regression was performed to investigate the relationship between clinical indices of patients with irritable bowel syndrome and resting-state functional connectivity. <h3>RESULTS:</h3> Compared with healthy controls, patients with irritable bowel syndrome had higher positive resting-state functional connectivity between the amygdala and insula, midbrain, parahippocampal gyrus, pre- and postcentral gyri, and supplementary motor area. The inclusion of anxiety and depression as covariates did not alter amygdala resting-state functional connectivity differences between the study groups. Multiple covariate regression results showed that the pain intensity in patients with irritable bowel syndrome positively correlated with resting-state functional connectivity between the amygdala and supplementary motor area, pre- and postcentral gyri, and insula, while the Irritable Bowel Syndrome–Symptom Severity Score positively correlated with resting-state functional connectivity between the amygdala and insula and midbrain. <h3>CONCLUSIONS:</h3> Patients with irritable bowel syndrome showed disturbed amygdala resting-state functional connectivity with the corticolimbic regions, which could partly account for the enhanced emotional arousal and visceral information processing associated with irritable bowel syndrome.
Acute Renal Failure Following Oral Sodium Phosphate Bowel Preparation in Diabetes
Authors: Ronald C.W. Ma, Chun Chung Chow, Vincent T.F. Yeung, Wing Yee So, Alice P.S. Kong, Peter C.Y. Tong, Clive S. Cockram, Juliana C.N. Chan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Recently there is renewed interest in the association between type 2 diabetes and colorectal carcinoma (1). Some authorities have advocated more intensive colonoscopy screening in patients with diabetes (2). We recently managed two diabetic patients who developed acute renal failure following elective colonoscopy. The clinical presentation and biochemical parameters of these two patients are summarized in Table 1.

Both of the patients described had normal renal function at baseline, yet presented with acute renal failure within a few days following bowel preparation and colonoscopy, thus strongly implicating the bowel preparation in the development of the acute renal failure. Both patients …
Vasomotor-like Paroxysms
Authors: David Scheinberg
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  In QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (228:625, 1974) concerning vasomotor-like paroxysms, a reply is given by Dr. D. J. Breslin of the Lahey Clinic. I would like to add my comments.  The symptoms of flushed face, tachycardia, sudden elevations of blood pressure, chest pain, and violent shaking of the body described in a 67-year-old woman for 30 years following a cerebral embolism are observed very often in spinal cord injury patients with high cord involvement. These symptoms are considered to be mass sympathetic release—sympathetic hyperreflexia. Because the damping function of the brain is interrupted by the cord transection, the sympathetic reaction to any stimulation from the bladder or sphincter ani is uninhibited. It is possible that in the patient described, the cerebral embolism has caused a lessening of the damping capacity of her brain, and thus cannot control sympathetic reactions arising from her bladder or anal area. Any distension
High prevalence and correlates of low bone mineral density in young adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: Redonda G. Miller, Jodi B. Segal, Bimal H. Ashar, Sophia Leung, Shamim Ahmed, Shabina Siddique, Tasha Rice, Sophie Lanzkron
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a prevalent genetic disorder in which sickle hemoglobin leads to tissue hypoxia and adverse effects on bone. Published studies suggest that children with SCD often have undiagnosed osteopenia or osteoporosis. Minimal data exist on the prevalence of low bone mineral density (BMD) in adults. Our objective was to describe the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in adults with SCD and to identify patient or disease characteristics associated with low BMD. We conducted a cross‐sectional study of adults with SCD. Through questionnaires, we collected data about disease course and osteoporosis risk factors. Patients underwent dual X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurement of BMD at the hip, spine, and forearm and sampling of blood and urine for markers of bone turnover, sickle cell disease severity, and secondary causes of osteoporosis. Our main outcome measure was prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis as defined by WHO criteria. Of 32 adults with SCD (14 men and 18 women) with a mean age of 34 years, 72% (95% confidence interval 53–86%) had low BMD at one or more anatomic sites. Thirteen patients were classified as osteoporotic and 10 as osteopenic. The prevalence of low BMD was greatest in the lumbar spine (66% of patients). Significant correlates of decreased BMD included low BMI ( P &lt; 0.01), male sex ( P = 0.02), and low serum zinc concentrations ( P &lt; 0.01). The prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in young adults with SCD is extremely high. Further research is needed to address fracture risk and therapeutic interventions. Am. J. Hematol. 81:236–241, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
‘Pin-point precision’ for wedge excision of the ear
Authors: A. Sherley-Dale, W. Perkins
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Dear Editor, We read with interest the article of Mortimer et al.1 concerning the use of a needle for precise placement of pexing sutures. A successful outcome following wedge excision for tumours of the ear depends considerably on accurate and meticulous apposition of the cut edges.2 As described below, a needle can be of great help in achieving this by accurately locating the apical point of the wedge. Once the margin of excision is established, the required lateral point of incision on the helical rim can be marked (Fig. 1a). The apex of the wedge to be removed is then marked on the medial posterior surface of the ear. By measuring the distance from this point to the marked points on the helical rim one can accurately ensure that the two sides of the wedge are equal in length (Fig. 1b). Once the apex is established, and local anaesthesia is applied, a needle can be positioned and advanced from posterior to anterior (Fig. 1c, d). To avoid trauma from the sharp needlepoint a pair of needle holders can usefully be applied to the needlepoint until the needle is removed (Fig. 1d). It is wise to review the surgical margins on the anterior ear surface, guided by the needle placement, to ensure that they are complete. It is then a simple and quick process to remove the tumour (Fig. 2a, b) by cutting towards the needle on the posterior surface using a scalpel and completing the excision with dressing scissors through the remaining anterior surface, directed towards the needle, confident that the ear will accurately close along the equidistant cut edges. Notice too in Figure 1d the use of a paraffin‐soaked gauze pledget to prevent any blood entering the external auditory meatus. Figure 2(c) shows the ear at the end of the procedure and Figure 2d demonstrates the ear at the 2‐month follow‐up, showing a well‐healed and aligned helix. The use of a needle in this way provides a rapid and simple‐to‐apply target point to aim for when removing the wedge, resulting in consistently accurate closure.
Sensitivity to Cow's Milk
Authors: Douglas C. Heiner, John F. Wilson, M. Eugene Lahey
Journal: JAMA (1964)

SEVERAL REVIEWS dealing with various aspects of sensitivity to cow's milk have been published in recent years.<sup>1-3</sup>This report will point out why milk sensitivity is a complex subject not amenable to easy study or broad generalizations, and it will present a few emerging concepts based on laboratory and clinical observations. Clinical sensitivity to cow's milk has been estimated to occur in 0.3% to 7% of all children.<sup>3</sup>Thus, a significant number of sensitive subjects will be seen by the practitioner who cares for pediatric patients even though the vast majority of children may ingest milk without ill effect. Among the factors which occasionally seem to play important roles in the pathogenesis of sensitivity to cow's milk are age, infection, and, less frequently, emotional stress; genetic factors, however, may be a more basic cause than any of these. Laboratory studies have supported some of these theories by demonstrating
Neonatal mortality is higher in US hospitals with higher proportion of black babies
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2005)

yet about the safety of their organisation."Health organisations needed to hold a mirror up to themselves and ask what their record was on patient safety, he said."If something serious happens, would the instinct be to cover up or to learn so that the risks could be reduced?Are patients and their experience truly embedded within the organisation?And can we demonstrate that we're getting safer each year?" asked Professor Donaldson.
Dependence on Nicotine Chewing Gum-Reply
Authors: Dorothy Hatsukami
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In Reply.—  Drs West and Russell believe that any nicotine dependence in our subjects was present prior to their use of nicotine gum; ie, nicotine gum maintained an old dependence rather than caused a new one. We agree that this is possible, and that was the reason for using the phrase develop (or maintain) in the article. We disagree that it can be said to be true for all of our subjects since not all smokers are physically dependent on nicotine (ie, have withdrawal upon cessation of smoking that is relieved by nicotine). 1,2   Drs West and Russell imply that the generalizability of our results is limited because we used a highly selected sample. In fact, unlike their study, which included only smokers who had used the gum for at least 12 months, five of our eight subjects had used the gum for less than six months and three had