tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Care homes shouldn't profit from delays in assessing their residents for discharge from hospital
Authors: D. Bryson
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Twenty two days in a side room on an acute orthopaedic ward. Twenty two days alone with the same four walls, with no television and no visitors. The admission could have been—and should have been—shorter. The patient was ready to return home on the 16th day after the operation, 17 days after admission, but his discharge was delayed for a further five days. What was the reason for the delay? We had to wait four days for the manager of the residential home to come and assess the patient’s suitability to return to their care.

Such a scenario will come as no surprise to those who work on acute medical and surgical wards. What may be a surprise—it certainly was to me—is that the residential home continues to receive 100% funding throughout the admission and does so for all admissions up to four weeks’ long. Assuming the funding is not private, this means that the government and tax payers are effectively paying twice for the delivery …
Captopril potentiates the myocardial infarct size-limiting effect of ischemic preconditioning through bradykinin B2 receptor activation
Authors: Takayuki Miki, Tetsuji Miura, Nobuyuki Ura, Takashi Ogawa, Katsuo Suzuki, Kazuaki Shimamoto, Osamu Iimura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
The effects of frequency and predictability on eye fixations in reading: An evaluation of the E-Z Reader model
Authors: Laurent Sparrow, Sébastien Miellet, Yann Coello
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

We tested whether the E-Z Reader model can be generalised to the French language. The simulation showed that the model can account for the frequency effect. The predictability effect is moreover accurate for word skipping, but not for fixation times. We think that this model is psychologically plausible for certain aspects of reading and we have used it to evaluate the performance of dyslexic readers.
Massive Intraperitoneal Hemorrhage from a Ruptured Corpus Luteum
Authors: Victor Gurewich, Duncan Thomas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

THE value of long-term anticoagulant therapy for the prevention of thromboembolism is widely accepted. Fortunately, major hemorrhagic complications are infrequent and, when recognized promptly, can usually be treated effectively. In contrast to well known and readily diagnosed hazards such as gastrointestinal bleeding, hematuria, cerebral hemorrhage, subcutaneous ecchymoses, epistaxis and hemoptysis, a group of rare, less easily recognized hemorrhagic complications has been described in the past decade. These include spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma,1 bilateral adrenal hemorrhage,2 retroperitoneal hemorrhage,3 hemopericardium,4 hematoma of the rectus abdominis5 and intraperitoneal hemorrhage of ovarian follicular origin.6 The present case appears to constitute the second record of . . .
Clinical Use of Rivaroxaban: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Rationale for Dosing Regimens in Different Indications
Authors: Toby Trujillo, Paul P. Dobesh
Journal: Drugs (2014)

Target-specific oral anticoagulants have become increasingly available as alternatives to traditional agents for the management of a number of thromboembolic disorders. To date, the direct Factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban is the most widely approved of the new agents. The dosing of rivaroxaban varies and adheres to specific schedules in each of the clinical settings in which it has been investigated. These regimens were devised based on the results of phase II dose-finding studies and/or pharmacokinetic modeling, and were demonstrated to be successful in randomized, phase III studies. In most cases, the pharmacodynamic profile of rivaroxaban permits once-daily dosing. A once-daily dose is indicated for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients undergoing hip or knee replacement surgery, the long-term prevention of stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation, and the long-term secondary prevention of recurrent VTE. Twice-daily dosing is required in the acute phase of treatment in patients with VTE and in the combination of rivaroxaban with standard single or dual antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention after acute coronary syndrome events. This article reviews the empirical and clinical rationale supporting the dose regimens of rivaroxaban in each clinical setting.
Comparative Effectiveness Of Extrafine Hydrofluoroalkane Beclomethasone And Fluticasone In Asthma Management: A Real-world Observational Study From The United States
Authors: D.B. Price, P. Dorinsky, P. Polos, A. Burden, J. von Ziegenweidt, A. Chisholm
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
TCT-58 The Optimal Timing of Second Intervention to Non-infarct Related Critical Lesions in STEMI Patients with Multi-vessel Disease Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Menderes Tapsız, TANER SEKER, Hakan Uçar, DURMUS Y. SAHIN, ömer şen, OYTUN A. BAYKAN, mevlüt koç, MUSTAFA GUR, ZAFER ELBASAN, Murat Cayli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Neonatal Intracranial Hemorrhage — Iatrogenic Etiology?
Authors: Joseph Volpe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

In this issue of the Journal, Simmons et al. present data relating intracranial hemorrhage to hypernatremia induced by vigorous therapy of neonatal acidosis with sodium bicarbonate. Before the implications of this work are discussed it may be useful to review some of the important features of intracranial hemorrhage in neonates, the dangers of hypernatremia and concomitant hyperosmolality, and the controversy concerning the use of sodium bicarbonate.There are three major, clinically important categories of intracranial hemorrhage that occur in the newborn period: subdural hemorrhage; primary subarachnoid hemorrhage; and periventricular ("intraventricular"), intracerebral hemorrhage. Subdural hemorrhage in neonates can result from . . .
Do-lt-Yourself Medical Testing: More Than 160 Tests You Can Do at Home
Authors: Elliott B. Oppenheim
Journal: JAMA (1984)

One of the reasons physicians are licensed by the state is to prevent people from untrained quackery. Another is to prevent them from themselves. This book by Pinckney and Pinckney is noxious in both respects and ignores the Chinese: a physician who treats himself has a fool for both a patient and a doctor. Dr Edward Pinckney, a one-time assistant editor of The Journal and a fellow of the American College of Physicians, has created a monster for those of us in the trenches who provide daily medical care. <i>Do-It-Yourself Medical Testing</i>begins with the premise that "there is nothing new about home medical testing," but in 266 pages encourages the layman to establish a home clinical lab that would make most primary care physicians envious. The book is written to slake the thirst of the American public in second-guessing the physician and represents unabashed literary profiteering. The husband-and-wife authors
Clifford Bryan Floyd Stanley Clucas Gawne Raymund Peter Hoskinson Michael Lawrence Johnson Robert I Levy John Wilson Morrison Archie MacDonald Revie Philip Sydney Silver Frank Philip Walt David Leonard Williams Robin David Winch
Authors: J. Shindler, D. White, S. Gawne, M. Hoskinson, G. H Robb, F. Charatan, G W Morrison, J. McDonald, W I W. Wilson, R. Walt, W E Lewis, J B Lynch, J G Thomas, K C Hines
Journal: BMJ (2000)
A PLEA FOR STATIC ELECTRICITY.
Authors: w. f. Robinson
Journal: JAMA (1892)

The old saying, that history repeats itself, seems to be as true in the field of medicine as elsewhere, and may also be applied to static electricity. It is not generally known that, in the early part of this century, this agent was used for a series of years, by the celebrated Dr. Golding-Bird, at Guy's Hospital, London. The results were very satisfactory, as the published reports of the hospital show, but after Dr. Golding-Bird's death, the art of applying it seems to have been lost, and so it gradually dropped out of use again. Another difficulty which static electricity had to contend against in former days, Avas the great inconvenience attendant upon its use. The old machines had to be kept in rooms heated summer and winter, and if any dampness Avas allowed to enter, the apparatus became useless for the time being. The present perfected machines, as manufactured
PROLAPSE OF THE OVARY AND ITS TREATMENT.
Authors: GEORGE GRAY WARD
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Prolapse of the ovary, in view of its being a not infrequent and important cause of misery and suffering, deserves more consideration at the hands of authors than it usually receives in the majority of the present-day text-books on gynecology. Many give but a few lines, touching on the condition and its treatment in a very superficial manner, and some do not mention it at all. In the days when it was a matter of grave import to open the abdominal cavity, there was no remedy other than attempts at reposition of the ovary, bimanually or by posture, and these efforts were signal failures, so far as permanent relief was concerned. In former days, therefore, there was little to be said on the matter of treatment, except to state that in those cases where life became unendurable, it was justifiable to open the abdomen and to remove the offending organ.
How will we know if the London 2012 Olympics and Paralympics benefit health?
Authors: M. Weed
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> Chalazia are common inflammatory eyelid lesions, but their epidemiology remains understudied. This retrospective case–control study examined the prevalence, risk factors and geographic distribution of chalazia in a large veteran population. <h3>Methods</h3> Data on all individuals seen at a Veterans Affairs (VA) clinic between October 2010 and October 2015 were extracted from the VA health database. Subjects were grouped based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) code for chalazion. Univariable logistic regression modelling was used to identify clinical and demographic factors associated with chalazion presence, followed by multivariable modelling to examine which factors predicted risk concomitantly. All cases were mapped across the continental US using geographic information systems modelling to examine how prevalence rates varied geographically. <h3>Results</h3> Overall, 208 720 of 3 453 944 (6.04%) subjects were diagnosed with chalazion during the study period. Prevalence was highest in coastal regions. The mean age of the population was 69.32±13.9 years and most patients were male (93.47%), white (77.13%) and non-Hispanic (93.72%). Factors associated with chalazion risk included smoking (OR=1.12, p&lt;0.0005), conditions of the tear film (blepharitis (OR=4.84, p&lt;0.0005), conjunctivitis (OR=2.78, p&lt;0.0005), dry eye (OR=3.0, p&lt;0.0005)), conditions affecting periocular skin (eyelid dermatitis (OR=2.95, p&lt;0.0005), rosacea (OR=2.50, p&lt;0.0005)), allergic conditions (history of allergies (OR=1.56, p&lt;0.0005)) and systemic disorders (gastritis (OR=1.54, p&lt;0.0005), irritable bowel syndrome (OR=1.45, p&lt;0.0005), depression (OR=1.35, p&lt;0.0005), anxiety (OR=1.31, p&lt;0.0005)). These factors remained associated with chalazion risk when examined concomitantly. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Periocular skin, eyelid margin and tear film abnormalities were most strongly associated with risk for chalazion. The impact of environmental conditions on risk for chalazion represents an area in need of further study.
Evaluation of Parathyroid Gland Lesions-Reply
Authors: Edward Payolan
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Dufour's letter underscores the difficulties that endocrine pathologists and surgeons face when they attempt to establish a clear differentiation between hyperplasia and adenoma of the parathyroid glands. It is necessary to recognize that parathyroid adenomas, like their counterparts in the adrenal, pituitary, and thyroid glands, develop from a background of cellular hyperplasia that can then progress to nodular hyperplasia, to adenoma formation, and, on rare occasions, to frank carcinomatous dedifferentiation.<sup>1,2</sup>Given this sequence of events, it follows that there will be instances where combinations of hyperplasia, nodular hyperplasia, single adenoma, or "double adenomas" coexist in the same patient and, at times, within the same parathyroid gland. Unfortunately, controversy over the classification of parathyroid histopathology has not resolved the endocrine surgeon's dilemma at the time of surgery. Only then can the extent of the disease, including the number of glands involved, and whether a particular gland is
Legalized Physician-Assisted Suicide in Oregon — The Second Year
Authors: A D Sullivan, K Hedberg, D W Fleming
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

In 1997, Oregon legalized physician-assisted suicide. We have previously reported data on terminally ill Oregon residents who received prescriptions for lethal medications under the Oregon Death with Dignity Act and who died in 1998. We now report similar data for 1999, obtained from physicians' reports, death certificates, and interviews with physicians. We also report data from interviews with family members.
Metabolic Adaptation to Tissue Iron Overload Confers Tolerance to Malaria
Authors: Raffaella Gozzelino, Bruno Bezerril Andrade, Rasmus Larsen, Nivea F. Luz, Liviu Vanoaica, Elsa Seixas, Antonio Coutinho, Sílvia Cardoso, Sofia Rebelo, Maura Poli, Manoel Barral-Netto, Deepak Darshan, Lukas C. Kühn, Miguel P. Soares
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2012)
Abstract 3312: Protein activation pathway analysis of glioblastoma stem cells reveals potential novel biomarkers
Authors: Giulia Federici, Michele Signore, Simona Di Martino, Federica Pelacchi, Ruggero De Maria, Lance A. Liotta, Emanuel F. Petricoin, Lucia Ricci-Vitiani
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis postulates that within the tumor mass there exists cells that possess self-renewal characteristics and are the tumorigenic and chemoresistant component of the growing lesion. Currently, there are no therapies specifically targeting this population and thus, elucidation of the undermining molecular mechanisms responsible for these attributes are critical for all tumor types in order to identify therapeutics that target the deranged pathways within the CSCs. GBM is an incurable malignancy of the neural glia and it has been demonstrated the presence of CSCs within it. Indeed it has been shown that there is a population of cells expressing CD133, a putative CSC marker, that resides in the tumor and may lead to its progression. We studied a set of thirty CD133+ GBM cancer stem cell lines obtained from 30 GBM patients and performed a Reverse-phase Protein Microarray (RPMA) analysis to investigate the activation state of more than 100 key signaling proteins involved in proliferation, inflammation, adhesion, survival and migration. This screening allowed the characterization and functional mapping of activated intracellular signaling networks within the GBM cancer stem cell lines and identified 8 clear subgroups based on molecular signatures of functional signaling activation. Unsupervised and supervised/statistical analysis of the differentially activated signaling architectures revealed the incidence of several phosphorylated proteins that underpinned these subclasses, such as members of the growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase family (e.g. EGFR, IGFR, VEGFR and PDGFR); proteins that control cell cycle division (Histone H3, PLK1 and Aurora) and members of calcium signaling/energy metabolism (S100A7, AMPK and PKC family), amongst others. It is hoped that ongoing and further characterization of the signaling architecture of a diverse number of GBM CSCs will help establish the key therapeutic targets that could be validated for causal significance and graduate to the clinic. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3312. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3312
Metabolism of Testosterone by the Human Prostate
Authors: Wells E. Farnsworth
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE GROWTH and maintenance of the prostate depends on an adequate level of circulating androgen. Our in vitro studies on rat-ventral and monkey-caudal prostate minces have shown that a 10<sup>-7</sup>M concentration of testosterone significantly accelerates incorporation of amino acids into protein and of acetate into fatty acids and citric acid.<sup>1</sup>Kochakian and Harrison<sup>2</sup>concluded that the primary site of action of androgens is "in the area of synthesis of RNA for incorporation into the ergastoplasm so that synthesis of protein and enzymes may be accomplished." Wilson<sup>3</sup>concluded "that the generalized effects of testosterone on protein anabolism in the intact animal are in fact secondary to a generalized enhancement of a specific step in protein synthesis—the peptide-bonding of soluble RNA-amino acids to form microsomal ribonucleoproteins." These correlations of an agent, the hormone, with an effect, biosynthesis, bring us no nearer to an understanding of the
IN ASYMPTOMATIC FIREFIGHTERS THE BURDEN OF SUBCLINICAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS AS MEASURED BY BOTH CORONARY ARTERY CALCIFICATION AND CAROTID INTIMAL MEDIAL THICKENING IS ASSOCIATED WITH METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES AND BUT NOT WITH STANDARD TRADITIONAL SEROLOGICAL RISK FACTORS
Authors: Lakshmana K. Pendyala, Stephen Frohwein, Catherine Skrifvars, Brenda Garrett, Radhika R. Gadesam, Kathryn Momary, H Robert Superko
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
THE EDUCATION OF THE DEGENERATE.
Authors: JOHN MADDEN
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Those nerve cells which are most active, develop most in increasing length and complexity of their dendritic branches. The development takes place during physical as well as mental activity, and the education of one cell group, directly stimulated, leads to the education of more or less remote cell groups, by reason of dendritis contact. No matter, then, whether we reach the brain through the avenues of mental or physical activity, we shall have made a commencement in the education of the child just as soon as we can make him do something. If he be defective in mental development, in the development of the cells of the higher centers of the brain, and it is found that they can not be directly stimulated, then we must try to reach them indirectly, stimulating those of the motor area by muscular exercise. "If we wish to hasten the maturity of the brain,
Do the Right Thing
Authors: Mark C. Rogers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

ONE hundred fifty years ago, surgery was performed under brutal conditions. Without benefit of anesthesia, patients endured excruciating pain; indeed, the belief was widespread that they could die from the "shock" of surgery. With the advent of anesthesia, this primitive and inhumane era passed. Adult patients could expect complete relief of pain during surgical procedures. Unfortunately, infants and children continued to receive inadequate relief of pain or even no treatment for pain during surgical procedures, and this is often still the case.The rationale for this situation is understandable, even if it is not defensible. Premature and critically ill infants . . .
Evidence that a 210,000-molecular-weight glycoprotein (GP 210) serves as a platelet Fc receptor.
Authors: R B Stricker, P T Reyes, L Corash, M A Shuman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

We previously identified a 210,000-mol-wt platelet glycoprotein (GP 210) that is missing from Bernard-Soulier platelets, and found that an antibody against GP 210 inhibits ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination. We now show by immunoblotting that GP 210 binds heat-aggregated rabbit and human IgG, as well as keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-anti-KLH and ovalbumin (OA)-anti-OA immune complexes. Immune complex binding to GP 210 was preserved on chymotrypsin-treated platelets that lacked glycoprotein Ib (GP Ib). In contrast, ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination resulted in disappearance of immunologically detectable GP 210 and loss of immune complex binding, even though GP Ib remained intact. Purified Fc fragments inhibited binding of anti-GP 210 antibody to intact platelets and to GP 210 on immunoblots. The Fc fragments also blocked immune complex binding to GP 210. Conversely, anti-GP 210 antiserum and F(ab)2 fragments inhibited binding of fluorescein-labeled Fc fragments to intact platelets. We conclude that GP 210 functions as a platelet Fc receptor.
Guanethidine-Resistant Hypertension
Authors: G. SANDLER, A. W. D. LEISHMAN, P. M. HUMBERSTONE
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Resistance of hypertensive patients to large doses of guanethidine is seldom due to defective absorption of the drug, since the existence of adrenergic blockade can be demonstrated in these cases. The effect on the blood pressure of intravenous phenoxybenzamine and norepinephrine, respectively, has been compared in groups of hypertensive patients resistant and responsive to guanethidine. As both the hypotensive action of intravenous phenoxybenzamine, a peripheral antagonist of norepinephrine, and the pressor effect of norepinephrine infusion were more marked in patients resistant to guanethidine it seems likely that the maintenance of high blood pressure in these cases is due to enhanced sensitivity of the arterioles to endogenous norepinephrine. To combat this effect the therapeutic use of phenoxybenzamine appeared logical. Phenoxybenzamine taken by mouth has been found by itself to be an unsatisfactory hypotensive agent but when used in combination with guanethidine has proved highly effective. The blood pressure of 13 out of 16 hypertensive cases previously resistant to guanethidine in high dosage has been controlled for periods of from 3 to 30 months after the addition of phenoxybenzamine. When used in combination with guanethidine, phenoxybenzamine caused no side effects.
Slovakia's doctors prepare to strike over plans to privatise hospitals
Authors: J. Feinmann
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Doctors in Slovakia say they are going on strike for a second time in a month in a bid to force the government to scrap plans to turn the country’s state run hospitals into joint stock companies funded by private health insurance. The move, according to the Slovakian Medical Trade Unions’ Association, LOZ, will lead to the privatisation of hospitals and the end of accessible, quality healthcare.

The strike warning, made at a press conference on 12 December, came as around 1200 Slovakian doctors—including many of the country’s surgeons and anaesthetists—were preparing to return to work after participating in a mass resignation from the country’s health service from 1 December. The action, condemned by the government as “traumatising patients,” forced at …
BASIC FUCHSIN IN CHRONIC LEG ULCER
Authors: EUGENE S. MAY
Journal: JAMA (1913)

In a former paper 1 I called attention to the germicidal action of basic fuchsin (Grubler's Fuchsin fur Bakterien). In this paper we wish to publish the results obtained in cases of chronic leg ulcer treated with fuchsin ointment. A brief summary, however, of the experimental work will be given before proceeding to the clinical report.  Technic.  —With distilled water, carefully weighed quantities of Grubler's Fuchsin fur Bakterien were made up in dilutions of 1.0, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25, 0.1, 0.075, 0.05, 0.025, 0.01 and 0.001 per cent. Five c.c. of each of these solutions was run into sterile test-tubes, sterilized in flowing steam in the Arnold sterilizer for fifteen minutes on three successive days and kept in a dark place. The activity of these stock solutions was