tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Computerized Axial Tomography
Authors: Steven E. Newman
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  The article, Computerized Axial Tomography: Use in the Diagnosis of Dementia by Menzer et al (234:754, 1975) reviewed five cases of diffuse or focal cerebral lesions demonstrable by CT scanning. Two of the five patients had an electroencephalogram; one of these disclosed bilateral slow-wave activity. From these data the authors conclude, It is likely that CT will reduce the use of the EEG as a screening tool for patients with neurological complaints other than seizure disorders.  There is no doubt the CT scan has supplanted other neuroradiological investigative techniques 1,2 and from early reports appears to be a powerful new tool. However, we are presently reviewing several cases of adult patients with dementia secondary to diffuse degenerative cerebral changes and carcinomatoses, and children with both focal and diffuse cerebral problems who have had normal CT scans with focal or diffuse electrographic disturbances.  Furthermore, the frequent need for
EU parliament votes for total ban on tobacco advertising
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The European Union is on course to impose a total ban on tobacco advertising in newspapers and magazines and on the radio and internet within three years.

The draft legislation received a large majority in the European parliament on 20 November and will now be considered by EU governments. It represents a major victory for David Byrne, the European public health commissioner, who has made the fight against tobacco one of his top priorities.

The legislation is designed to replace earlier measures, which the European Court of Justice had partially annulled on the grounds that the …
THE USE OF PHOSPHORUS 32 IN STUDIES ON PLASMODIUM GALLINACEUM
Authors: Delphine H. Clarke
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1952)

The measurement of the degree of incorporation of P(32) into nucleic acids has been used as a quantitative means of studying parasite growth and development in vitro under various conditions. An extract of normal chicken erythrocytes was found to be of unique importance as a constituent of the medium, both for intact parasitized cells and for lysates of such cells. Heated normal chicken serum possessed some favorable effect upon intact cells. The major portion of the beneficial effect of the erythrocyte extract was found to be associated with the non-dialyzable portion, although the dialysate was shown to possess slight growth-promoting activity. Further attempts to characterize the extract in terms of its favorable effects upon parasite growth were unsuccessful. A medium and conditions were developed which permitted the growth of a limited parasite population in lysates of parasitized red cells. The most important constituents of the medium were concentrated, freshly prepared erythrocyte extract and malate. Comparative studies carried out with intact parasitized cells and with lysates showed that substances and conditions exerting quite marked effects upon the intact cell system were without effect or exerted a less marked effect upon parasite growth in lysates. The possible implications of these observations are discussed and the further exploitation of this comparative approach suggested as a means of furthering our knowledge of parasite-host cell relationships.
Characterization of a Novel, Potent and Selective Small Molecule Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (SYK) Inhibitor in In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Asthma.
Authors: M.A. Crackower, L.Y. Moy, Y. Jia, H. Yu, S. Vincent, J.R. Miller, G. Lieber, X. Fernandez, M. Caniga, M. Gil, A. Wilhelm, H. Houshyar, A. Northrup, R. Chapman, W.M. Abraham, N. Kelly, E. Hickey, T. Miller
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Rectal biopsy as an aid to cancer control in ulcerative colitis.
Authors: B C Morson, L S Pang
Journal: Gut (1967)

EDITORIAL COMMENT This is a very important paper as it provides the clinician with a new method of identifying patients with total colitis who may be particularly exposed to the risk of carcinoma.Rectal biopsies of flat mucosa may demonstrate a certain cellular pattern which has been shown to be particularly associated with carcinoma.on July 14,
A Hopeful Beginning for Malaria Vaccines
Authors: William E. Collins, John W. Barnwell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

An effective human malaria vaccine has been sought for over 70 years, with little success.1 A successful malaria vaccine used in conjunction with other control interventions would help reduce and eventually eliminate the considerable global disease burden caused by malaria. Many different antigens have been identified as potential targets for malaria-vaccine development. One of these, the repetitive sequence of four amino acids in the circumsporozoite antigen on the surface of the sporozoite of Plasmodium falciparum, arguably the most important of the human malarias, is the basis for the RTS,S vaccine.2 This vaccine was subjected to extensive studies involving human volunteers, . . .
Abstract 3040: Terbinafine inhibits oral squamous cell carcinoma growth through anti-cancer cell proliferation and anti-angiogenesis
Authors: Ming-Hsien Chien, Shun Fa Yang, Wen Sen Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract ABSTRACT Terbinafine (TB), an oral antifungal agent used in the treatment of superficial mycosis, has been reported to exert an anti-tumor effect in various cancer cells. However, the effect of TB on oral cancer has not been evaluated. Herein we demonstrated that TB (0-60 μM) concentration-dependently decreased cell number in cultured human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), KB cells. The anti-proliferation effect of TB was also observed in two other OSCC cell lines, SAS and SCC 15. TB (60 μM) was not cytotoxic and its inhibition on KB cell growth was reversible. [3H]thymidine incorporation and flow cytometric analyses revealed that TB inhibited DNA synthesis and induced the G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. The TB-induced cell cycle arrest occurred when the cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) activity was inhibited just as the protein levels of p21cip1 and p27kip1 were increased. The TB-induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest was completely blocked when the expressions of p21cip1 and p27kip1 were knocked-down together. Taken together, these results suggest that the p21cip1- and p27kip1-associated signaling pathways might be involved in the TB-induced anti-proliferation in KB cells. In vivo, TB (50 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly inhibited the KB tumor size. In these TB-treated tumors, increases in the levels of p21cip1 and p27kip1 protein and decreases in the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells and the microvessel density (MVD) were observed. These findings demonstrate for the first time that TB might have potential to serve as a therapeutic tool in the treatment of oral cancer. 1 Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3040. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3040
Serum concentrations of sex hormone binding globulin in lung cancer.
Authors: T P Corbishley, J J Keating, P J Johnson, R Williams
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Comparaison de sujets sains, d'hommes atteints d'epithelioma du poumon et d'hommes atteints d'autres tumeurs malignes. Les taux seriques de globuline fixant les hormones sexuelles sont eleves dans les cas de cancer, et tres fortement eleves dans les cancers du poumon. Chez les temoins et chez les malades atteints d'autres tumeurs une correlation negative existe entre cette globuline et la 5α-dihydrotestosterone. Le rapport est inverse en cas de cancer du poumon
Accuracy of Bayley Scores as Outcome Measures in Trials of Neonatal Therapies
Authors: Lorrie Costantini, Judy D'Ilario, Diane Moddemann, Karen Penner, Barbara Schmidt
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2014)

national multicenter trial.Errors were detected and corrected in real time by comprehensive and rigorous central source document verification.The use of computer-assisted scoring software may reduce calculation and table look-up errors but cannot correct the effects of administrative or clerical errors that are made before data are entered into the program.Conclusions | This study underscores the importance of diligent administration and recording of psychometric assessments.We recommend central source document verification of all psychometric tests that contribute to the primary outcome in large multicenter trials of perinatal and neonatal therapies.
Studies of Rheumatoid Disease: Proceedings of the Third Canadian Conference on Research in the Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto, February, 25-27, 1965
Authors: J.T. Scott
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1968)

many years of observation, if possible controlled, must pass before any operative procedure in rheuma- toid arthritis can be accepted as of proven value.A few operations, such as osteotomy of the rheumatoid hip, are rightly condemned; time may yet usher others into disrepute.The ingredients for success in this field are correct assessment of the natural history of the disease in the target joint and elsewhere, since deterioration at other sites may compromise an otherwise success- ful result, accurate appraisal of the patient's ability to cooperate in regaining function, selection of the correct operation, and good surgical technique.If Dr. Marmor's excellent descriptions of technique, albeit with less guidance to indications and choice of procedure, are set in this context of other factors, and if, furthermore, many operations are seen as measures still on trial, then his book will give useful service.
Parental Characteristics Associated With Outcomes in Youth With Type 2 Diabetes: Results From the TODAY Clinical Trial
Authors: Ruth S. Weinstock, Paula M. Trief, Laure El ghormli, Robin Goland, Siripoom McKay, Kerry Milaszewski, Jeff Preske, Steven Willi, Patrice M. Yasuda
Journal: Diabetes Care (2015)

OBJECTIVE This study examined parental factors associated with outcomes of youth in the Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) clinical trial. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Of 699 youth with type 2 diabetes in the TODAY cohort, 623 (89.1%) had a parent participate and provide data at baseline, including weight, HbA1c, blood pressure, symptoms of depression, binge eating (BE), and medical history. Youth were followed 2–6.5 years. Data were analyzed using regression models and survival curve methods. RESULTS Parental diabetes (43.6% of parents) was associated with higher baseline HbA1c (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and failure of youths to maintain glycemic control on study treatment (53.6% vs. 38.2% failure rate among those without a diabetic parent, P = 0.0002). Parental hypertension (40.6% of parents) was associated with hypertension in youth during TODAY (40.4% vs. 27.4% of youth with and without parental hypertension had hypertension, P = 0.0008) and with higher youth baseline BMI z scores (P = 0.0038). Parents had a mean baseline BMI of 33.6 kg/m2. Parental obesity (BMI &amp;gt;30 kg/m2) was associated with higher baseline BMI z scores in the youth (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Depressive symptoms in parents (20.6% of parents) were related to youth depressive symptoms at baseline only (P = 0.0430); subclinical BE in parents was related to the presence of subclinical BE (P = 0.0354) and depressive symptoms (P = 0.0326) in youth throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS Parental diabetes and hypertension were associated with lack of glycemic control, hypertension, and higher BMI z scores in youth. Further research is needed to better understand and address parental biological and behavioral factors to improve youth health outcomes.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha modulates monocyte/macrophage apoprotein E gene expression.
Authors: H Duan, Z Li, T Mazzone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

apo E has been shown to modulate cholesterol balance in arterial wall cells. Production of apo E by macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques could thereby influence the development of the plaque lesion. Cytokines, including TNF alpha, have been identified in human lesions, therefore, we undertook a series of studies to evaluate the effect of TNF alpha on monocyte/macrophage apo E production. The addition of TNF alpha to freshly isolated human monocytes led to a four- to fivefold increase of apo E mRNA abundance. The addition of TNF alpha to fully differentiated macrophages either had no effect or modestly inhibited apo E mRNA expression. THP1 human monocytic cells also responded to TNF alpha in a phenotype-specific manner. Treatment of these cells with TNF alpha produced a dose- and time-dependent increase in apo E mRNA. This increase was reflected in apo E synthesis and was associated with inhibition of DNA synthesis, and with induction of c-fos and ICAM-1 gene expression. Cell-permanent analogues of ceramide did not reproduce TNF alpha effect on apo E, but antagonists of protein kinase C did inhibit its effect. TNF alpha induction of apo E mRNA abundance was associated with stimulation of apo E promoter-dependent gene transcription. In summary, TNF alpha stimulates apo E gene transcription, mRNA abundance, and protein synthesis in the monocyte/macrophage in a phenotype-specific manner. Such regulation could significantly modify the amount of apo E present in vessel wall lesions.
Accelerated mineralization of dense collagen-nano bioactive glass hybrid gels increases scaffold stiffness and regulates osteoblastic function
Authors: Benedetto Marelli, Chiara E. Ghezzi, Dirk Mohn, Wendelin J. Stark, Jake E. Barralet, Aldo R. Boccaccini, Showan N. Nazhat
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Second complete remission in an elderly patient with acute myeloid leukemia retreated with decitabine
Authors: Amanda F. Cashen, Hollie Devine, John DiPersio
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

A 67-year-old man with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was treated with low-dose decitabine. He achieved a complete remission (CR) after two cycles of therapy, and he remained in remission during 1 year of treatment. He developed recurrent AML after discontinuation of decitabine. He was retreated with decitabine and again achieved a CR, which has been maintained for 6 months. This case demonstrates that durable responses can occur upon retreatment with decitabine.
Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of EPHA2 promotes apoptosis in NSCLC
Authors: Katherine R. Amato, Shan Wang, Andrew K. Hastings, Victoria M. Youngblood, Pranav R. Santapuram, Haiying Chen, Justin M. Cates, Daniel C. Colvin, Fei Ye, Dana M. Brantley-Sieders, Rebecca S. Cook, Li Tan, Nathanael S. Gray, Jin Chen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Genome-wide analyses determined previously that the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) EPHA2 is commonly overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). EPHA2 overexpression is associated with poor clinical outcomes; therefore, EPHA2 may represent a promising therapeutic target for patients with NSCLC. In support of this hypothesis, here we have shown that targeted disruption of EphA2 in a murine model of aggressive Kras-mutant NSCLC impairs tumor growth. Knockdown of EPHA2 in human NSCLC cell lines reduced cell growth and viability, confirming the epithelial cell autonomous requirements for EPHA2 in NSCLCs. Targeting EPHA2 in NSCLCs decreased S6K1-mediated phosphorylation of cell death agonist BAD and induced apoptosis. Induction of EPHA2 knockdown within established NSCLC tumors in a subcutaneous murine model reduced tumor volume and induced tumor cell death. Furthermore, an ATP-competitive EPHA2 RTK inhibitor, ALW-II-41-27, reduced the number of viable NSCLC cells in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner in vitro and induced tumor regression in human NSCLC xenografts in vivo. Collectively, these data demonstrate a role for EPHA2 in the maintenance and progression of NSCLCs and provide evidence that ALW-II-41-27 effectively inhibits EPHA2-mediated tumor growth in preclinical models of NSCLC.
Oral contraceptives, pregnancy, and endogenous oestrogen in gall stone disease--a case-control study.
Authors: R K Scragg, A J McMichael, R F Seamark
Journal: BMJ (1984)

A case-control study of gall stone disease in women in relation to use of contraceptives, reproductive history, and concentrations of endogenous hormones was undertaken. The study population comprised 200 hospital patients with newly diagnosed gall stone disease, 182 individually matched controls selected from the community, and 234 controls who were patients in hospital. Use of oral contraceptives was associated with an increased risk of developing gall stones among young subjects but a decreased risk among older subjects. The risk of developing gall stone disease increased in association with increasing parity, particularly among younger women. The risk fell with increasing age at first pregnancy, independent of parity. Mean urinary excretion over 24 hours of oestrone, but not of pregnanediol, was significantly (p less than 0.05) greater for postmenopausal patients than controls. The age dependence of the relative risk associated with exposure to oral contraceptives and pregnancy suggests that there are subpopulations of women susceptible to early formation of gall stones after exposure to either oral contraceptives or pregnancy.
Abstract 449: Hypoxia induces tumor aggressiveness by an acquired stem-like phenotype in pancreatic cancer through HIF-1α signaling
Authors: Okito Hashimoto, Syuho Semba, Kazuya Shimizu, Ku Yonson, Hiroshi Yokozaki, Yuichi Hori
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Intratumoral hypoxia is a negative prognostic indicator, as it has been associated with increased aggressiveness and distant metastasis. Although hypoxia can drive the metastatic phenotype secondary to genetic instability and clonal selection of aggressive tumor cells, the interplay underlying them is to be unanswered. We hypothesized that mature cancer cells might acquire the stem-like phenotype under hypoxia, consequently leading to aggressive phenotype. Methods: Under normoxia (20% O2) or hypoxia (1% O2) condition, the expression of CD133 (cancer stem cell marker), CXCR4 (chemokine receptor), HIF-1α, and pimonidazole (hypoxic probe) were examined by quantitative RT-PCR and imuunohistochemistry using human pancreatic cancer cell lines. Moreover, we evaluated the expression of CD133 and hypoxia markers (pimonidazole, HIF-1α, and CA) in xenograft and human pancreatic cancer specimen. Furthermore, we transfected dominant active HIF-1α (HIF-1α ΔODD) by the retroviral gene transfer and examined the effects both in vitro and in vivo. Results: We demonstrated that hypoxia induces tumor aggressive phenotype in pancreatic cancer, including invasiveness and CXCR4 expression. Furthermore, this phenotype is followed distinctively by the subpopulation of CD133+ pancreatic cancer cells, which themselves show hypoxic and invasive properties, indicating that mature cancer cells might reacquire an undifferentiated stem-like phenotype. In addition, both acquired stem-like phenotype and invasiveness under hypoxia are predominantly in a HIF-1α/CXCR4-dependent manner, and dominant active HIF-1αΔODD transfected cells promoted their tumorigenic ability. Surprisingly, orthotopic engraftment of these cells showed liver metastasis, while the engraftment of mock transfected cells did not occur any liver metastasis. Conclusion: We demonstrated that mature cancer cells acquired the stem-like phenotype under hypoxia and showed aggressive phenotype including invasiveness and metastasis through HIF-1α signaling. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 449.
Hooked on hormones? An anabolic steroid addiction hypothesis
Authors: K. B. Kashkin
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Widespread illicit anabolic steroid use has recently been reported. A review of available evidence suggests that elevations of serum levels of steroid hormones, including anabolic steroids, have profound psychological effects. Long-term, high-dose anabolic steroid use may lead to a preoccupation with drug use, difficulty stopping despite psychological side effects, and drug craving. Reductions in serum levels of steroid hormones appear to result in acute hyperadrenergic withdrawal symptoms that respond to steroid replacement or to agents that also ameliorate withdrawal symptoms in alcohol and opioid dependence. A delayed depression syndrome when serum steroid levels drop precipitously has been reported that appears similar to that observed in withdrawing cocainedependent individuals. We conclude that a proportion of anabolic steroid abusers may develop a previously unrecognized sex steroid hormone—dependence disorder and that treatment should be based on research into steroid effects on opioid and aminergic neurotransmission systems and relapse prevention. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:3166-3170)
Antitrust and Hospital Privileges
Authors: William J. Tabor
Journal: JAMA (1984)

TO INVOKE the jurisdiction of a federal court over the subject matter of a lawsuit under the Sherman Antitrust Act, a plaintiff physician must demonstrate a logical connection between a denial of privileges and interstate commerce. Ordinarily, a defendant's anticompetitive conduct is subject to Sherman Act scrutiny if it has occurred "within the flow of commerce" or if it has "substantially affected interstate commerce."<i>Hospital Building Co v Trustees of Rex Hospital</i>, 425 US 738, 743 (1976). Since denials of privileges usually relate only to local markets for medical services rather than to interstate transactions, the first test rarely applies in hospital privilege controversies. The federal courts have adopted various approaches with respect to the nature and extent of impact that suffices to establish jurisdiction under the "effect on commerce" test, although a consensus position recently has begun to emerge. Until recently, federal courts remained unconvinced that denials of privileges
Fatal Toxoplasma Myocarditis in an Adult Patient with Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Paul T. Wertlake, Thorne S. Winter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

MYOCARDITIS is an important component of the constellation of clinical symptoms exhibited by adult patients with acquired toxoplasma infections.1 2 3 4 Evidence of myocarditis has been demonstrated by clinical and electrocardiographic means in patients who have acquired the disease after laboratory exposure5 and by means of increasing serologic titers.6 7 Further evidence has been obtained from post-mortem studies with microscopical demonstration of cysts within the heart.8 The cysts have been observed both with and without morphologic features of myocarditis. It has generally been accepted that the mere presence of the cysts does not excite inflammatory response but that rupture of the cysts with . . .
Agency warns of withdrawal risks for patients taking SSRIs
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Doctors prescribing selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) to patients with depression and anxiety should warn them first of the risks associated with stopping the treatment, the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) has advised, after receiving recommendations from an expert group convened by the Committee on Safety of Medicines. Doctors should also monitor closely patients starting to use the drugs.

But the expert group found no evidence of more suicidal thoughts or tendencies among adults prescribed the drug than among those taking placebo or older tricyclic drugs.

This is despite the fact that the potential …