tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Factor V Leiden related Budd-Chiari syndrome
Authors: P Deltenre
Journal: Gut (2001)

The role of factor V Leiden as a cause of Budd-Chiari syndrome has only recently been described.To assess the specific features of factor V Leiden related Budd-Chiari syndrome.Sixty three consecutive patients with hepatic vein or terminal inferior vena cava thrombosis.Standardised chart review.Factor V Leiden was found in 20 patients (31% (95% CI 20-43)). In the subgroup of patients with, compared with the subgroup without, factor V Leiden, a combination of prothrombotic states was more common (70% (95% CI 50-90) v 14% (95% CI 3-24)); inferior vena cava thrombosis was more frequent (40% (95% CI 19-61) v 7% (95% CI 0-14)); and distribution of initial alanine aminotransferase values was bimodal (almost normal or extremely increased) versus unimodal (p=0.003). Factor V Leiden accounted for four of five cases of massive ischaemic necrosis (transaminases >50-fold the upper limit of normal values) (p=0.014), and also for all three cases developing during pregnancy. Patients with and without factor V Leiden did not differ with regard to mortality, portosytemic shunting, or listing for liver transplantation. Hepatocellular carcinoma developed in two patients; both had factor V Leiden and indolent obstruction of the inferior vena cava.In patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome, factor V Leiden (a) is common; (b) precipitates thrombosis mostly when combined with another risk factor; (c) is associated with one of two contrasting clinical pictures: indolent thrombosis-particularly of the inferior vena cava-or massive ischaemic necrosis; and (d) is a major cofactor of Budd-Chiari syndrome developing during pregnancy.
Inhibition of acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in mice by colchicine.
Authors: M J Lyons, R Amador, C Petito, K Nagashima, H Weinreb, J B Zabriskie
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

Colchicine was found to inhibit the clinical and histopathological manifestations of monophasic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in mice. For inhibition of actively induced disease, inoculation of colchicine at the time of encephalitogenic challenge was found to be most effective. In adoptive transfer experiments, lymph node cells (LNC) from colchicine treated donors failed to transfer the disease. Additionally, colchicine treatment of recipients receiving an otherwise disease-inducing level of sensitized LNC prevented the development of disease. Experiments involving delayed-type hypersensitivity expression support an inhibitory role for the drug on event(s) of the efferent pathway of the cellular immune response.
Sociodemographic factors in chronic leg ulceration
Authors: C.J. Moffatt, P.J. Franks, D.C. Doherty, R. Smithdale, R. Martin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Background While there is a commonly held belief that leg ulceration is associated with social factors, the evidence to support this is mainly anecdotal. Objectives To determine deficits in sociodemographic status in patients with chronic leg ulceration. Methods In a matched case–control study carried out in community leg ulcer clinics and participants' homes within Wandsworth Primary Care Trust, patients with chronic leg ulceration were compared with age- and sex-matched community controls drawn from general practitioner registers. Main outcome measures were the prevalence of social class, ethnicity, marital status, living status and social support. Data were analysed by conditional logistic regression. Results In all, 113 patients were identified and matched to controls. Patients had a mean age of 75 years (range 31–94), with 72 (64%) being women. The ulcer had been present for a median of 8 months (range 0·8–144), and 29% of patients had an area of ulceration >10 cm2 (range 0·5–171·5). Being Afro-Caribbean increased the risk of leg ulceration eightfold (95% confidence interval, CI 1·83–34·75; P < 0·001) compared with the white population. There was a gradient with social class, with patients with leg ulcers being more likely to come from social class IV and V (odds ratio, OR 2·82, 95% CI 1·19–6·74; P = 0·015). Never having married (OR 2·98, 95% CI 1·15–7·74; P = 0·025), living in rented housing (P < 0·001) and having a mobility deficit (P < 0·001) more often occurred in the ulcer patients, while living with a spouse was protective (OR 0·46, 95% CI 0·21–0·99; P = 0·048). Patients with ulceration experienced significantly poorer social support than their controls for most subscales of the medical outcomes study social support questionnaire (all P < 0·05). Conclusions Chronic leg ulceration is associated with poorer socioeconomic status, and factors which relate to social isolation. At present it is not possible to determine whether these associations are causative or are a consequence of the ulceration.
Dyslexia likely to be inherited, study shows
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Researchers have found the strongest evidence yet that dyslexia is inherited, raising hopes that one day it may be possible to minimise the effects of the disorder.

The work, carried out at the Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics Research in Oxford, made use of data from the freely available human genome project and included 208 families from the United Kingdom and …
Iridium Oxide–Coated Defibrillation Electrode
Authors: Mark J. Niebauer, Bruce Wilkoff, Yoshio Yamanouchi, Todor Mazgalev, Kent Mowrey, Patrick Tchou
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Transvenous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) leads are designed to deliver electric shocks to the heart for termination of ventricular dysrhythmias. However, the efficiency of different lead materials has not been well studied. This study compares an ICD lead coated with iridium oxide (IROX), a material that reduces shock-induced polarization, with an otherwise identical, uncoated lead. Methods and Results The defibrillation threshold (DFT) was determined in 13 swine with both IROX-coated and uncoated ICD leads paired with an uncoated “can” electrode. The leads were exchanged through a Teflon sheath to reproduce the intracardiac position. The delivered energy DFT of the IROX-coated lead was 15.9±5.4 J and was significantly lower than the delivered energy DFT of the uncoated lead (19.1±5.1 J; P &lt;.006). The initial lead impedance was equivalent in both leads (IROX, 41.7±5.8 Ω; uncoated, 41.3±4.7 Ω; P =NS) at DFT. However, the impedance rose by 7.3±2.0 Ω during the first phase and by 3.7±2 Ω during the second phase with the uncoated lead, whereas the corresponding impedance change was 1.0±0.3 Ω during phase 1 and 1.6±0.5 Ω during phase 2 ( P &lt;.01 each phase) when the IROX-coated lead was used. Conclusions This study shows that an IROX coating of this lead system significantly lowers the DFT energy in the swine model. The blunting of the impedance rise by the IROX coating that is seen is consistent with a reduction in electrode polarization.
The Pain of Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Deborah Zimmerman
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The medical literature indicates that chest pain and particularly anginal-type pain may be due to pulmonary hypertension. To investigate this possibility, we compared the frequency and type of chest pain in patients with normal pulmonary pressures and those with varying degrees of pulmonary hypertension. There was no difference between frequency and type of chest pain in patients with pulmonary hypertension and controls. We find no evidence that an anginal-type chest pain is related to pulmonary hypertension. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:2345-2346)
Donor ureteric calculus presenting as acute rejection in a renal transplant recipient.
Authors: A De Vecchi
Journal: BMJ (1984)

may represent an absence of vascular response to ketanserin at the latter site but could be due to technical problems of using this method to assess circulation in sclerodermatous skin.The results of ketanserin treatment for ulceration in scleroderma appear to be less favourable than the results in treating Raynaud's pheno-
Impact of an autologous oxygenating matrix culture system on rat islet transplantation outcome
Authors: A Schaschkow, C Mura, W Bietiger, C Peronet, A Langlois, F Bodin, C Dissaux, C Bruant-Rodier, M Pinget, N Jeandidier, M T Juszczak, S Sigrist, E Maillard
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Biocompatible photoresistant far-red emitting, fluorescent polymer probes, with near-infrared two-photon absorption, for living cell and zebrafish embryo imaging
Authors: Salim Adjili, Arnaud Favier, Guillaume Fargier, Audrey Thomas, Julien Massin, Karine Monier, Cyril Favard, Christophe Vanbelle, Sylvia Bruneau, Nadine Peyriéras, Chantal Andraud, Delphine Muriaux, Marie-Thérèse Charreyre
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
Sun protection with trees
Authors: B.L. Diffey, J.L. Diffey
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Journal Article Sun protection with trees Get access B.L. Diffey, B.L. Diffey Regional Medical Physics Department, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 6BE, U.K. *Department of Medical Physics & Engineering, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, U.K. E‐mail: b.l.diffey@ncl.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.L. Diffey J.L. Diffey Regional Medical Physics Department, Newcastle General Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 6BE, U.K. *Department of Medical Physics & Engineering, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, U.K. E‐mail: b.l.diffey@ncl.ac.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 147, Issue 2, 1 August 2002, Pages 397–398, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.483010.x Published: 01 August 2002
When I Use A Word . . .: Shalom Salmonella
Authors: J. Aronson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

An outbreak of diarrhoea caused, I'm told, by small round structured viruses, reminded me of the time when we admitted several people with acute diarrhoea. They had all eaten salmon from the cold buffet at a wedding. It must be due to salmonella, I told the students. To their credit they didn't believe me; it turned out to be Escherichia coli . Of course, you can catch salmonella from salmon, but not etymologically.

The Greeks used a sign …
Betaine as an osmolyte in rat liver: Metabolism and cell-to-cell interactions
Authors: Matthias Wettstein, Christian Weik, Claudia Holneicher, Dieter Häussinger
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Betaine was recently identified as an osmolyte in rat liver macrophages (Kupffer cells [KCs]) and sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs). Betaine interferes with KC functions, such as phagocytosis, cytokine, and prostaglandin syntheses. As betaine is derived from choline, the present study was undertaken to evaluate osmosensitivity and cell heterogeneity of choline metabolism in rat liver. In the perfused rat liver after in vivo prelabeling with [ 14 C]-choline, hypoosmotic stress induced a radioactivity release into the perfusate which was identified as [ 14 C]-betaine by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis and which was inhibited by the anion exchanger inhibitor 4,4′-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid. Choline metabolism was studied in cultured liver parenchymal cells, (PCs), KCs, and SECs. Choline was taken up by all but betaine formation from choline was only detectable in PCs and not in KCs and SECs. Betaine formation in PCs was not stimulated by hyperosmolarity; rather, betaine has a role as an osmolyte in KCs and SECs but is of minor importance in PCs, as evidenced by only minor hyperosmolarity-induced betaine uptake. Thus, liver PCs can produce and release betaine derived from choline, and, thereby, possibly supply the osmolyte important for KC and SEC cell function. This may be another example for cell-to-cell interaction in the liver.
Abstract 3874: A novel human fusion protein composed of the serine protease Granzyme B and VEGF121 to target the vasculature of solid tumors
Authors: Khalid A. Mohamedali, Lawrence H. Cheung, Yu Cao, Michael G. Rosenblum
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Targeting solid tumors and their metastases continue to be viewed as an essential aspect of therapeutic success to achieve long-term tumor control. Targeted therapy is a promising approach in this regard and the utilization of human proteins assures the potential for long-term therapy without immunological restrictions. VEGF121 is a naturally-occurring splice variant that binds to both VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 receptors over-expressed on the endothelium of tumor vasculature but not normal vasculature. The serine protease granzyme B (GrB) is capable of inducing intense cellular apoptosis through both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent multiple-cascade mechanisms. We expressed pro-GrB/VEGF121 in HEK293T cells and harvested the fusion protein under serum-free conditions. The purified protein expressed as a homodimer and Western blotting confirmed incorporation of both VEGF121 and GrB components into the construct. Comparison of GrB/VEGF121 with its expected molecular weight by SDS-PAGE suggests minimal (1-2 kDa) glycosylation. The enzymatic activity of GrB in GrB/VEGF121 was comparable to that of human GrB. The cytotoxicity of GrB/VEGF121 confirmed specific targeting and internalization into PAE/hVEGFR-2 (IC50 ∼ 10 nM), but not PAE/hVEGFR-1 cells (IC50 &amp;gt; 300 nM). GrB/VEGF121 induced apoptosis in PAE/VEGFR-2, but not PAE/VEGFR-1 cells, as determined by Annexin V staining. The targeting efficacy of GrB/VEGF121 against a panel of cells expressing a range of VEGFR receptor levels is under study. Studies investigating GrB/VEGF121 signaling events and in vivo efficacy against various tumor models are currently ongoing and will be presented. Research conducted, in part, by the Clayton Foundation for Research. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3874. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3874
Cyclooxygenase-1, but not -2, is upregulated in NB4 leukemic cells and human primary promyelocytic blasts during differentiation
Authors: B Rocca, R Morosetti, A Habib, N Maggiano, F Zassadowski, G Ciabattoni, C Chomienne, B Papp, F O Ranelletti
Journal: Leukemia (2004)
Differential measurement of small and large bowel transit times in constipation and diarrhoea: A new approach.
Authors: S L Waller
Journal: Gut (1975)

Differential measurements of small and large bowel transit times were performed in 13 subjects iwth a radiotelemetering pressure-sensitive capsule incorporating less than 10mugCi of 51-Cr. Six patients had constipation. The other seven patients had diarrhoea due to the irritable bowel syndrome (3), following vagotomy and pyloroplasty (3), or due to laxative abuse (1). This new method enables the gastric, small intestinal, and colonic transit times to be measured differentially in the same subject. The capsule can be localized in the gut lumen by reference to the characteristic pressure pattern and in relation to bony landmarks by the radioactive marker as frequently as desired without recourse to radiographs. The results show that gastric emptying and small intestinal transit did not differ in constipation and diarrhoea. By contrast the mean colonic transit was significantly faster (P smaller than 0.01) in diarrhoea whatever the cause (17.5 plus or minus 4.1 hours) than in constipation (118 plus or minus 4.1 hours).
Mucosal and systemic anti-HIV immunity controlled by A20 in mouse dendritic cells
Authors: Bangxing Hong, Xiao-Tong Song, Lisa Rollins, Lindsey Berry, Xue F. Huang, Si-Yi Chen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Both mucosal and systemic immune responses are required for preventing or containing HIV transmission and chronic infection. However, currently described vaccination approaches are largely ineffective in inducing both mucosal and systemic responses. In this study, we found that the ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20--an inducible feedback inhibitor of the TNFR, RIG-I, and TLR signaling pathways that broadly controls the maturation, cytokine production, and immunostimulatory potency of DCs--restricted systemically immunized DCs to induce both robust mucosal and systemic HIV-specific cellular and humoral responses. Mechanistic studies revealed that A20 regulated DC production of retinoic acid and proinflammatory cytokines, inhibiting the expression of gut-homing receptors on T and B cells. Furthermore, A20-silenced, hyperactivated DCs exhibited an enhanced homing capacity to draining and gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALTs) after systemic administration. Thus, this study provides insights into the role of A20 in innate immunity. This work may allow the development of an efficient HIV vaccination strategy that is capable of inducing both robust systemic and mucosal anti-HIV cellular and humoral responses.
Linkage of aerobic glycolysis to sodium-potassium transport in rat skeletal muscle. Implications for increased muscle lactate production in sepsis.
Authors: J H James, C H Fang, S J Schrantz, P O Hasselgren, R J Paul, J E Fischer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Although a linkage between aerobic glycolysis and sodium-potassium transport has been demonstrated in diaphragm, vascular smooth muscle, and other cells, it is not known whether this linkage occurs in skeletal muscle generally. Metabolism of intact hind-leg muscles from young rats was studied in vitro under aerobic incubation conditions. When sodium influx into rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles was facilitated by the sodium ionophore monensin, muscle weight gain and production of lactate and alanine were markedly stimulated in a dose-dependent manner. Although lactate production rose in both muscles, it was more pronounced in EDL than in soleus. Monensin-induced lactate production was inhibited by ouabain or by incubation in sodium-free medium. Preincubation in potassium-free medium followed by potassium re-addition also stimulated ouabain-inhibitable lactate release. Replacement of glucose in the incubation medium with pyruvate abolished monensin-induced lactate production but exacerbated monensin-induced weight gain. Muscles from septic or endotoxin-treated rats exhibited an increased rate of lactate production in vitro that was partially inhibited by ouabain. Increases muscle lactate production in sepsis may reflect linked increases in activity of the Na+, K+-ATPase, consumption of ATP and stimulation of aerobic glycolysis.
Abstract LB-509: Early detection of pancreatic cancer in transgenic mice with ultrasonic molecular imaging and VEGFR2-targeted microbubbles
Authors: Marybeth A. Pysz, Elliot S. Seeley, Kira Foygel, Sanjiv S. Gambhir, Lu Tian, Teresa A. Brentnall, Juergen K. Willmann
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease largely due to presence of advanced and inoperable disease at the time of diagnosis. Evidence from current screening programs for high-risk individuals suggests that aggressive detection at operable stages could dramatically improve prognosis; however, current radiological imaging screen methods are not standardized and rely on solid mass recognition from anatomical/morphological imaging strategies. Incorporation of a molecular imaging strategy can provide a highly reliable and cancer-specific diagnosis, as well as, improved delineation of tumor boundaries for therapeutic and surgical guidance. Molecular ultrasound imaging is accomplished by conjugating targeting molecules (peptides/antibodies) to the surface of gas-filled microbubble contrast agents (1-4 μm diameter), and these contrast agents bind to markers overexpressed on disease-associated endothelium. In this study, we investigated the ability to detect small pancreatic cancers with contrast microbubbles targeted to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2 (VEGFR2) and small animal transabdominal ultrasound (US) imaging in a transgenic mouse model of pancreatic cancer (Pdx1-Cre; KRasV12G; Ink4a-/-; PC mice). Small tumors ranging from 0.8 mm to 3.0 mm in diameter (mean: 1.7 ± 0.6 mm) could be detected with high-resolution B-mode US imaging, and showed 7.8-fold higher (P &amp;lt; 0.001) VEGFR2-targeted molecular US signal (mean signal intensity: 6.5 ± 8.4 arbitrary units; n=32 tumors) in PC mice compared with normal pancreas in wildtype mice (mean signal intensity: 0.8 ± 0.6 arbitrary units; n=14 mice). Small pancreatic tumors showed 3-fold higher VEGFR2-targeted US signal (mean signal intensity: 10.5 ± 9.4 arbitrary units) compared with US signal measured with non-targeted microbubbles (mean signal intensity: 3.6 ± 1.8 arbitrary units), indicating high specificity for VEGFR2. Ex vivo histological (H&amp;E) analysis and immunostaining of VEGFR2 confirmed millimeter-sized tumors in the pancreas and VEGFR2 expression in PC mice (VEGFR2-positive tumors); in contrast, pancreas tissue from normal, wildtype mice was VEGFR2-negative. Taken together, these studies indicate that VEGFR2-targeted US imaging can detect small pancreatic cancers that are not normally recognized with conventional anatomical imaging, and may be highly useful for establishing a standardized pancreatic cancer screening/monitoring method for high-risk patients. Supported by the Canary Foundation, and NIH/NCI grants R21 CA139279 and Fellowship R25 CA11868. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-509. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-509
Effect of prazosin vs placebo on chronic left ventricular heart failure.
Authors: W S Aronow, M Lurie, M Turbow, K Whittaker, S Van Camp, D Hughes
Journal: Circulation (1979)

The effect of the vasodilator prazosin vs placebo on exercise duration until marked dyspnea, and on left ventricular function measured by echocardiography, was evaluated in a double-blind, randomized study in 24 patients with chronic left ventricular failure despite digitalis and diuretic therapy. Compared with the double-blind placebo, prazosin reduced resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure times heart rate, improved clinical symptoms, decreased cardiothoracic ratio measured by chest roentgenography, decreased left ventricular and left atrial dimensions, improved ejection fraction and Vcf measured by echocardiography, and improved treadmill exercise duration. All 12 patients taking prazosin had greater than or equal to 20% improved treadmill exercise duration; none of 12 receiving placebo improved. In six of 12 patients taking prazosin, roentgenographic evidence of pulmonary venous congestion disappeared compared with none of the patients on placebo. These data suggest that prazosin may be effective in treating chronic left ventricular failure.