tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Presence on idiotype-specific suppressor T cells of receptors that interact with molecules bearing the idiotype.
Authors: F L Owen, S T Ju, A Nisonoff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

All A/J mice produce anti-p-azophenylarsonate (anti-Ar) antibodies, some of which share a cross-reactive idiotype. The idiotype can be suppressed by treatment with anti-idiotypic antiserum before immunization, although normal concentrations of anti-Ar antibodies are synthesized. We have previously reported that such suppressed mice, if hyperimmunized and then allowed to rest, contain up to 10% of splenic T cells which form rosettes with autologous RBC coated with Fab fragments of anti-Ar antibodies bearing the idiotype. Our present results indicate that the rosette-forming T cells include the idiotype-specific suppressor T-cell population. The suppressive activity is largely depleted by removal of the rosette-forming lymphocytes, and the rosettes themselves are highly suppressive. The data do not establish whether all of the idiotype-specific rosette-forming cells are suppressor cells. The system may provide a source of large numbers of suppressor cells for further study, and facilitate investigation of the mechanism of generation of idiotype-specific suppressor cells.
ULCUS ACIDUM OF MECKEL'S DIVERTICULUM
Authors: LESTER R. DRAGSTEDT
Journal: JAMA (1933)

My purpose in this communication is to describe a case of perforating ulcer of the ileum near the entrance of a Meckel's diverticulum. It is of interest because of the support it affords to the view that the principal etiologic agent in gastric and duodenal ulcer is the corrosive action of the gastric juice and because of the light it throws on the question of the mechanism of ulcer pain. The lesion is relatively rare if one may judge from the few cases collected in the recent reviews of Aschner and Karelitz<sup>1</sup>and of Lindau and Wulff.<sup>2</sup>It is probable, however, that a great many other cases have occurred and have either not been recognized or not been reported in the literature. In the majority of reported cases in which an ulcer has been found in the ileum in the neighborhood of Meckel's diverticulum, a careful search has
Signs and Symptoms in Gynecology
Authors: Alex S. Tulsky
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>Signs and Symptoms in Disorders of Pregnancy, edited by Edward H. Bishop and Robert C. Cefalo, 188 pp, with illus, $29.50, Philadelphia, JB Lippincott Co, 1983.</h3> It always pleases me to see a well-organized, reasonably evenly written book, especially when it is multiauthored.<i>Signs and Symptoms in Gynecology</i>is such a book, basically because the coeditors established a format each contributor was asked to follow, so that the style is consistent. The contents are essentially a differential diagnosis of conditions that directly or indirectly impinge on our specialty. In each instance, the condition is preceded by a basic physiological or pathophysiological explanation to facilitate its understanding and management. The diagrams and illustrations are clear, but, as is my bias, I am unhappy with the black-and-white illustrations in the chapter on lesions of the vulva, vagina, and perineum, although I recognize the added cost of publication when color photographs are used.
Rejecting political correctness
Authors: Deborah Cohen, Kristina Fišter
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Karol Sikora , dean elect of Britain's first private medical school, thinks the school will widen access to education. Others beg to differ. Deborah Cohen and Kristina Fister report 

Known for his outspoken views on NHS reform and private medicine, Karol Sikora, professor of cancer medicine and honorary consultant oncologist at Imperial College London's School of Medicine, is now grappling with medical education.

After being approached by Buckingham University's vice chancellor, Terence Kealey, himself a doctor, Professor Sikora was appointed dean elect of Britain's first private medical school at Buckingham University, the only UK university not directly funded by the government. He finds the challenge of implementing a new medical course appealing.

“There's going to be a shortage of doctors in 20 years' time, and according to the Wanless report it will be about 25 000 [see BMJ 2002;324: 998]. Although medical school entry has doubled over the last 10 years, it's still too small,” he said. “The trouble is that they [existing educational initiatives] all use the same system of education. We want to get away from this dreadful political correctness in medical education that exists now. The main drivers of medical education in British medical schools are not doctors; they are professional medical …
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MILITARY SURGEONS OF THE NATIONAL GUARD OF THE UNITED STATES.CONCERNING THE ORGANIZATION OF THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT OF THE NATIONAL GUARD.; Read at the First Meeting of National Guard Surgeons, at Chicago, Sept. 18, 1891.
Authors: J. D. BRIANT
Journal: JAMA (1891)

While the title of this paper is sufficiently expressive, as it seems to me, to make its importance obvious to all concerned, still, it is not the intention of the writer now to do more than to speak of the medical officers of the Guard and their immediate aids. The scope of a complete organization for the duties of active service, as in the case of the regular army, is too extended to be considered at large at this time, and in fact it may be best considered by a careful study of the methods employed in the regular army itself. Ishall deem it sufficient at present to dwell upon the necessity of what may be called self evident requirements of the medical service, requirements, the advisability of which are so obviousas to hardly need more than the mention to carry conviction to all minds. Those of you who areat
The Parent's Pharmacy: Preventing and Treating Childhood Illnesses
Authors: D. Gregory Felch
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This book is a companion volume to the primary author's previous book for parents. It covers symptom evaluation and essentially, "when to call the doctor." The current book assumes that a diagnosis has been made and reviews both home treatment and specific pharmacologic therapy for a variety of common childhood diseases and disorders. The first section of the book is an overview of drug efficacy, safety, and use, including techniques of administering medication to children and the problem of compliance. This is followed by a brief section on health maintenance issues and a major section on therapeutic approaches to a wide spectrum of childhood ailments. The final section alphabetically lists medications by generic name and includes pertinent information such as indications, dosage, and side effects. Several general themes concerning medication are stated at the beginning of the book and set the tone for the succeeding discussions of common ailments. Prescription
The media man
Authors: B Dixon
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Few bacteriologists today will know the name of W H (Bill) Pierce. Yet, as Max Sussman of the University of Newcastle upon Tyne pointed out recently, they are professionally indebted to Pierce every day of their working lives. For it was he who played the key role in developing culture media that are now routinely used in every bacteriology laboratory throughout the world.

The story has its roots in the German chemist Justus von Liebig's development of meat extract as a human nutritional supplement over a century and a half ago. Originally von Liebig's extract was made at the Royal Pharmacy in Munich; then in 1865 control was transferred to London with the formation of Liebig's Extract of Meat …
99mTc HMDP bone scanning in generalised nodal osteoarthritis. I. Comparison of the standard radiograph and four hour bone scan image of the hand.
Authors: C W Hutton, E R Higgs, P C Jackson, I Watt, P A Dieppe
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

The pattern of joint involvement on conventional radiographs and the four hour gammacamera image of 99Tc HMDP bone scans were studied in 33 patients with generalised nodal osteoarthritis. Both techniques showed the predominant involvement of the distal interphalangeal, scaphotrapezial, and first carpometacarpal joints. Some joints were abnormal just on one investigation: either x ray or scan alone. Others showed a marked dissimilarity in the severity of involvement on x ray compared with scan. This discrepancy between x ray and scan suggests that the scan is imaging a different process than the radiograph and offers a different way of assessing change in osteoarthritis.
Comparison of Atovaquone (566C80) with Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole to Treat Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia in Patients with AIDS
Authors: Walter Hughes, Gifford Leoung, Francoise Kramer, Samuel A. Bozzette, Sharon Safrin, Peter Frame, Nathan Clumeck, Henry Masur, Danny Lancaster, Charles Chan, James Lavelle, Joel Rosenstock, Judith Falloon, Judith Feinberg, Stephen LaFon, Michael Rogers, Fred Sattler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Both trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and pentamidine are effective as treatments for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, but adverse effects frequently limit their use. Atovaquone (566C80) is a new hydroxynaphthoquinone with activity against P. carinii.
Pigmentary changes of the ageing skin
Authors: J.-P. ORTONNE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1990)

In subjects older than 25–30 years the number of enzymatically active melanocytes detectable by the dopa reaction decreases by about 10–20% per decade, with exposed skin having approximately twice as many pigment cells as unexposed skin. Chronic exposure to sunlight may stimulate the epidermal melanocyte system rather than accelerating chronological ageing. The number of melanocytic naevi declines with age. Despite the decreased melanocyte density, photoaged skin has irregular pigmentation and, frequently, there is hyperpigmentation. This may be due to greater positivity of dopa of chronically irradiated melanocytes. Heterogeneity in skin colour in exposed areas of skin is due to uneven distribution of pigment cells, a local loss of melanocytes, and a modification in the interactions between melanocytes and keratinocytes. The most common pigmented lesions in sun‐exposed skin include ephelides, actinic lentigo, pigmented solar keratoses and seborrhoeic keratoses, and lentigo maligna. The white spots in aged skin are usually stellate pseudoscars or idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis. Greying of the hair is due to progressive loss of melanocytes from the hair follicles. In vivo and in vitro studies are necessary to increase overall understanding of the processes involved and to improve treatment of the pigmentary changes in ageing skin.
The UCLA population studies of chronic obstructive respiratory disease: XI. Impact of air pollution and smoking on annual change in forced expiratory volume in one second.
Authors: D P Tashkin, R Detels, M Simmons, H Liu, A H Coulson, J Sayre, S Rokaw
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

We assessed the relative impact of residential exposure to community air pollution and habitual cigarette smoking on lung function by comparing the annualized rate of change in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) in current, former, and never-smokers 25 to 59 yr of age residing in three demographically similar areas of the Southern California air basin who had been chronically exposed to (1) moderate levels of photochemical oxidants and very low levels of other pollutants (Lancaster); (2) very high levels of photochemical oxidants, sulfates, and particulate matter (Glendora); and (3) high levels of sulfates, oxides of nitrogen, and probably hydrocarbons (Long Beach), together with moderate levels of sulfur dioxide. Of the 621 to 763 nonsmokers, 317 to 479 former smokers and 472 to 691 continuing smokers residing in the three areas who were studied initially, 53 to 64, 49 to 59, and 43 to 54%, respectively, were retested. For male residents, area of residence and smoking category each had highly significant effects on FEV1 decline (two-way ANCOVA; p < 0.001) without significant interaction (p > 0.4). After adjustment for baseline FEV1, age, height, and a history of allergy, the mean decline in FEV1 attributable to living in Long Beach compared with living in Lancaster was 23.6 ml/yr, which was 71% of the rate of decline in FEV1 (33.3 ml/yr), attributable to smoking > 1 pack of cigarettes per day. For female residents, a significant interaction was noted between area and smoking (p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Salim Yusuf, Srinath Reddy, Stephanie Ôunpuu, Sonia Anand
Journal: Circulation (2001)

This two-part article provides an overview of the global burden of atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease. Part I initially discusses the epidemiologic transition which has resulted in a decrease in deaths in childhood due to infections, with a concomitant increase in cardiovascular and other chronic diseases; and then provides estimates of the burden of cardiovascular (CV) diseases with specific focus on the developing countries. Next, we summarize key information on risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and indicate that their importance may have been underestimated. Then, we describe overarching factors influencing variations in CVD by ethnicity and region and the influence of urbanization. Part II of this article describes the burden of CV disease by specific region or ethnic group, the risk factors of importance, and possible strategies for prevention.
The Art of Dying
Authors: U. Tayal
Journal: BMJ (2003)

To understand what constitutes a good death we need to think beyond medicine and explore insights from the arts and social sciences. This month has seen the end of The Art of Dying, a year long programme at King's College, London, that brought together clinicians, social researchers, philosophers, historians, lawyers, theologians, and ethicists.

Hosted by the college's Department of Humanities, The Art of Dying comprised debates, lectures, conferences, exhibitions, and performances that provided a forum for …
Regional dysfunction of the interventricular septum during acute coronary artery occlusion
Authors: M. NAKAMURA, S. SASAYAMA, M. TAKAHASHI, A. OHYAGI, A. YAMAMOTO, J.-D. LEE, C. KAWAI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1982)

To compare the effects of local myocardial ischaemia on the dynamics of different portions of the interventricular septum (IVS), pairs of miniature ultrasonic crystals were implanted across the anterior and posterior portion of the IVS and the left ventricular free wall (LVFW) to measure wall thickness changes in open chest dogs. Following left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion, the end-diastolic wall thickness decreased in all areas indicating significant chamber dilation. Systolic thickening was reduced from 19.2% to 0.8% in the anterior LVFW and from 16.0% to 4.1% in the anterior IVS, while a significant increase in thickening occurred in the posterior LVFW (from 17.1% to 21.0%) and in the posterior IVS (from 13.6% to 16.5%). Left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) occlusion produced a greater distension of the ischaemic free wall and the magnitude of responses tended to be less in the IVS than in the free wall (percentage thickening being reduced from 15.3% to 7.2% in the posterior IVS, and from 17.4% to −4.4% in the posterior LVFW). Enhancement of the systolic thickening of the normally perfused area was more marked with LCx occlusion than with LAD occlusion. Percentage thickening increased from 19.0% to 26.9% in the anterior LVFW and from 17.2% to 28.6% in the anterior IVS. These findings indicate that the ischaemic responses of the IVS, as induced by ischaemia differed in the anterior and posterior portion of the septum. Thus, when attempting to assess clinical echocardiographic findings of an ischaemic septum, one should take into account these regional differences with regard to which area of the septum the ultrasonic beam had passed.
Treatment of urinary tract stones.
Authors: J E Wickham
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Replacement of open surgery with minimally invasive techniques for treating stones in the renal tract has greatly reduced patients9 morbidity and mortality and the period of hospitalisation and convalescence. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy does not require anaesthesia and requires little analgesia so that treatment can be given on an outpatient basis, and there is no wound to heal. Only a small puncture site is needed for percutaneous endoscopic lithotomy, and with the advent of prophylactic antibiotics there are few complications. Of renal stones, about 85% can now be successfully treated by extracorporeal lithotripsy alone, and almost all of the stones too large or hard for lithotripsy can be treated endoscopically, with ultrasonic or electrohydraulic probes being used to fragment the stone. Stones in the upper and lower thirds of the ureter can be treated by extracorporeal lithotripsy, but stones in the middle third, which cannot normally be visualised to allow focusing of the shockwaves, usually require ureteroscopy. Nearly all bladder stones can be treated by transurethral endoscopy with an electrohydraulic probe. Only the largest renal tract stones still require open surgery.
THE DYNAMICS OF T CELL RECEPTOR SIGNALING: Complex Orchestration and the Key Roles of Tempo and Cooperation
Authors: Ronald N. Germain, Irena Stefanová
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1999)

▪ Abstract T cells constantly sample their environment using receptors (TCR) that possess both a germline-encoded low affinity for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and a highly diverse set of CDR3 regions contributing to a range of affinities for specific peptides bound to these MHC molecules. The decision of a T cell “to sense and to respond” with proliferation and effector activity rather than “to sense, live on, but not respond” is dependent on TCR interaction with a low number of specific foreign peptide:MHC molecule complexes recognized simultaneously with abundant self peptide-containing complexes. Interaction with self-complexes alone, on the other hand, generates a signal for survival without a full activation response. Current models for how this distinction is achieved are largely based on translating differences in receptor affinity for foreign versus self ligands into intracellular signals that differ in quality, intensity, and/or duration. A variety of rate-dependent mechanisms involving assembly of molecular oligomers and enzymatic modification of proteins underlie this differential signaling. Recent advances have been made in measuring TCR:ligand interactions, in understanding the biochemical origin of distinct proximal and distal signaling events resulting from TCR binding to various ligands, and in appreciating the role of feedback pathways. This new information can be synthesized into a model of how self and foreign ligand recognition each evoke the proper responses from T cells, how these two classes of signaling events interact, and how pathologic responses may arise as a result of the underlying properties of the system. The principles of signal spreading and stochastic resonance incorporated into this model reveal a striking similarity in mechanisms of decision-making among T cells, neurons, and bacteria.
Are corticosteroids really more effective than anticholinergic-drugs in the treatment of obstructive airways disease?
Authors: Mpmh RuttenvanMolken, Huib Kerstjens
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

"Are corticosteroids really more effective than anticholinergic-drugs in the treatment of obstructive airways disease?." American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 154(5), p. 1579
A Method for Evaluating Computer Programs for Electrocardiographic Interpretation
Authors: JAMES J. BAILEY, MARTHA HORTON, SAMUEL B. ITSCOITZ
Journal: Circulation (1974)

A simple method for testing reproducibility in ECG computer program performance results from using two digital representations of the same analog ECG tracing. Each digital representation is separated from the other by one millisecond in time. When the digital representations are processed by the Mayo Clinic program (1968), the diagnostic statements are identically reproduced in only 60% of 33 tracings. When the method is applied to version D of the PHS program and to the newly released IBM program of 1973, identical reproducibility is 43.3% and 76.0%, respectively, of 217 tracings. After analog filtering these figures are improved to 49.8% and 79.7%, respectively. These results show that reproducibility is most affected by a program's algorithms for pattern recognition, measurement, consistency checking, and noise handling. Reproducibility is less affected by attenuation of high frequency noise at the analog level. The relationship of reproducibility to program error rate in previous studies is discussed. Hence poor performance on this test obviates the need for a more time-consuming clinical evaluation. The need for human overview and quality checking is re-emphasized.
Asylum seekers who claim to have been tortured should have right to independent medical examination
Authors: C. Bulstrode
Journal: BMJ (1996)

benefit individual patients.24They need to be large enough to allow sufficient statistical power to answer the research questions posed.It is also known that only a small proportion of eligible patients are entered into such trials (for example, only 3-5% of patients with cancer in Britain are included in clinical trials4).Among the many reasons for this lack of accrual is a belief that multicentre trials do not officially recognise the considerable time and effort required by clinicians to identify suitable patients, obtain informed consent, and complete the necessary forms.Incentives to recruit patients into trials are required.We suggest that clinicians' vital contribution to randomised controlled trials should be acknowledged separately at the end of published papers.In large multicentre trials it is often not practical or desirable for all collaborating clinicians to be mentioned as authors of papers.Thus many people's efforts in recruiting patients to trials go unrewarded: they do not have publications to their name, and their research is denied the recognition that, since the publication of the Culyer report,' is now necessary to gain funding.Benefits could be gained if it became standard practice for all published papers to incorporate a list of clinicians who enrolled more than a (trial specific) number of patients into the trial.Not only would this acknowledge the important work of these clinicians in the trial but it would also provide evidence of their participation in research for academic assessment and for their curriculum vitae and provide kudos for the clinicians and their department.
THE USE OF FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY IN THE STUDY OF IN VITRO HAIR PENETRATION BY RINGWORM FUNGI.
Authors: B. S. VERMA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1966)

Journal Article THE USE OF FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY IN THE STUDY OF IN VITRO HAIR PENETRATION BY RINGWORM FUNGI. Get access B. S. VERMA, Ph.D., M.B., B.S., F.C.P.S. B. S. VERMA, Ph.D., M.B., B.S., F.C.P.S. Skin and Y.D. Department, Medical Collage and S.S.G. Hospital, Baroda, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 78, Issue 4, 1 April 1966, Pages 222–224, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1966.tb12209.x Published: 01 April 1966