tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Baroreceptor-heart rate reflex function before and after surgical reversal of two-kidney, one-clip hypertension in the rat.
Authors: M E Edmunds, G I Russell, P R Burton, J D Swales
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Baroreflex function was studied in conscious early phase (less than 6 weeks) two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats before and 24 hours after surgical reversal of hypertension by removal of the constricting renal artery clip or after pharmacological reduction of blood pressure by an infusion of hydralazine or captopril. A normotensive sham-clipped group was included. Another group of two-kidney, one-clip rats was studied 3 weeks after unclipping. Baroreflex sensitivity, as assessed by the steady-state method using a graded phenylephrine infusion, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate were measured preoperatively and at 24 hours postoperatively. Two-kidney, one-clip rats were significantly hypertensive preoperatively compared with control (mean arterial pressure, 183 +/- 4 vs. 106 +/- 2 mm Hg, p less than 0.001), heart rate was similar (420 +/- 9 vs. 401 +/- 9 beats/min, p greater than 0.05), and baroreflex sensitivity was significantly reduced (0.76 +/- 0.07 vs. 1.50 +/- 0.20 msec/mm Hg; p less than 0.001). There was a minimal change in heart rate despite the fall in mean arterial pressure in all hypertensive groups, indicating resetting of the baroreflexes. At 24 hours after the operation, baroreflex sensitivity was unchanged in all groups compared with the preoperative value. By 3 weeks, baroreflex sensitivity was significantly greater than in the hypertensive two-kidney, one-clip rats before the operation and 24 hours after they were unclipped, but not compared with normotensive sham-clipped rats. Thus, although resetting occurs within 24 hours, whatever the method of blood pressure reduction, baroreflex sensitivity remains impaired at this time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Relationship Between Dietary Food and Nutrient Intakes and Bone Mineral Density In Childhood Eczema
Authors: Ting Fan Leung, Flora Yin-ying Kwok, Yvonne Yi-fong Ho, Susan Shuxin Wang, Patty Pui-pui Tse, Gary Wing-kin Wong, Kam Lun Ellis Hon
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Atrial electrophysiological remodeling caused by rapid atrial activation: underlying mechanisms and clinical relevance to atrial fibrillation
Authors: S Nattel
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

One of the most exciting developments in our understanding of atrial fibrillation (AF) over the last several years has been the recognition that AF itself modifies atrial electrical properties in a way that promotes the occurrence and maintenance of the arrhythmia, a process termed 'atrial remodeling'. The principle stimulus for AF-induced atrial remodeling is the rapid atrial rate that results: rapid regular atrial pacing produces changes similar to those caused by AF in animal models. The mechanisms of atrial tachycardia-induced remodeling have been extensively explored, and involve changes in atrial electrophysiology associated with altered ion channel function. The most important ionic change is a reduction in L-type Ca2+ current, which reduces action potential duration (APD) and APD adaptation to rate. AF-induced changes in ion channel function appear to be due both to rapid voltage- and time-dependent alterations in channel availability caused by tachycardia and to slower downregulation of messenger RNA concentrations encoding α-subunits of specific ion channels. Atrial remodeling likely contributes importantly to a wide variety of clinical phenomena of previously unrecognized mechanism, including atrial dysfunction after cardioversion of AF, the increasing resistance to therapy of longer-standing AF, the association of AF with other forms of supraventricular tachyarrhythmia and the tendency of paroxysmal AF to become chronic. The present paper reviews the state of knowledge regarding the mechanisms and clinical consequences for AF of atrial remodeling caused by rapid atrial activation.
Title for Painting Corrected-Reply
Authors: Joseph R. Wilder
Journal: JAMA (1976)

ABSTRACT Frank Litsky, the Sports Editor of the New York Times, has identified the two front runners as Gerry Lindgren and Tracy Smith (Figure). Likewise, Mr. Litsky, who is also a track expert, advised me that Prefontaine was a distance runner, running anything from 2 miles to 10,000 m. As such, there is no question that I made an error in calling my painting Prefontaine Winning Half-Mile.My congratulations to those astute track buffs who picked this up.
Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for coronary spasm.
Authors: M Sugiishi, F Takatsu
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Although there have been many studies on the risk factors for coronary artery disease, the etiology of coronary artery spasm has not yet been determined. METHODS AND RESULTS After diagnosis by coronary arteriography, various risk factors were compared between two groups of subjects using logistic regression analysis. The vasospasm group included 175 patients with angiographically determined coronary artery spasm but no coronary artery narrowing exceeding 25% of the luminal diameter. The control group comprised 176 subjects with completely normal coronary arteries and a negative response to ergonovine maleate. The adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for smoking as a risk factor for vasospasm was 2.41 and 1.53-3.82, respectively (p &lt; 0.05). The adjusted odds ratios for total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, triglycerides, diabetes mellitus, and body mass index, calculated by multivariate logistic regression analysis, were not statistically nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS Smoking appears to be a major risk factor for vasospastic angina without significant coronary narrowing. The other risk factors for coronary artery disease may not contribute to coronary vasospasm.
Family Cluster of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infections
Authors: Ziad A Memish, Alimuddin I Zumla, Rafat F Al-Hakeem, Abdullah A Al-Rabeeah, Gwen M Stephens
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

A human coronavirus, called the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), was first identified in September 2012 in samples obtained from a Saudi Arabian businessman who died from acute respiratory failure. Since then, 49 cases of infections caused by MERS-CoV (previously called a novel coronavirus) with 26 deaths have been reported to date. In this report, we describe a family case cluster of MERS-CoV infection, including the clinical presentation, treatment outcomes, and household relationships of three young men who became ill with MERS-CoV infection after the hospitalization of an elderly male relative, who died of the disease. Twenty-four other family members living in the same household and 124 attending staff members at the hospitals did not become ill. MERS-CoV infection may cause a spectrum of clinical illness. Although an animal reservoir is suspected, none has been discovered. Meanwhile, global concern rests on the ability of MERS-CoV to cause major illness in close contacts of patients.
Bureau of Investigation
Authors: DAVID INGRAM
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Malaria in Britain.
Authors: M. F. Green
Journal: BMJ (1968)

uncomplicated chronic renal failure without regular dialysis treatment.In 1954, however, Wheeler et al. reviewed 160 cases of gynae- comastia collected over a 10-year period.3Bilateral gynaecomastia was noted in four patients in whom chronic pyelonephritis or chronic glomerulonephritis was the under- lying disease.Hypertension and decreased renal function were present in three, and atrophic testes were noted in two of these patients.Although we have also observed gynaecomastia in the non-dialysed uraemic patient, its incidence seems to be greatly increased by maintenance haemodialysis.The resemblance to refeeding gynaecomastia is indeed striking.-Weare, etc.,
SYPHILIS IN SURGICAL PRACTICE.
Authors: ARTHUR DEAN BEVAN
Journal: JAMA (1899)

My father was a physician. One day, when a boy of 16, I was in my father's office when a tall, fine-looking man of 35 or 40 came in to consult, him. This man was a German-American of considerable prominence. I had often met him before, and had always admired him. He was a great thick fellow, more than six feet tall, with large brown shaggy head and beard, deep-voiced, bright-eyed, the picture of physical and mental health; a fine type of the Teutonic massiveness and vitality that has relegated the Latin races to the dying nations of the world. I remember that when I read "Cæsar's Commentaries," with the description of the giant Germans, who disputed Cæsar's advance across the Rhine, and who died so bravely, crushed by the better arms and better discipline of the Roman legions, I thought of this man; they were his ancestors. He was a picture of
Non-invasive evaluation of hepatic fibrosis: don't count your chickens before they're hatched
Authors: M Pinzani
Journal: Gut (2006)

<b>Purpose:</b> Background parenchymal enhancement (BPE), and the amount of fibroglandular tissue (FGT) assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been implicated as sensitive imaging biomarkers for breast cancer. The purpose of the study was to quantitatively assess the parenchymal uptake (BPU) on <sup>18</sup>F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (<sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT) of the breast as another valuable imaging biomarker and examine its correlation with BPE, FGT, and age. <b>Methods:</b> There were 129 patients with normal imaging findings in the one breast (BI-RADS 1) included in this IRB-approved study, whose cases were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent prone <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT and 3T CE-MRI of the breast. In all patients, Reader 1 assessed BPU quantitatively using maximum standard uptake values. Two readers assessed FGT and BPE of the normal contralateral breast by subjective visual estimation, as recommended by BI-RADS®. Reader 1 re-assessed all cases and repeated BPU measurements. Appropriate statistical tests were used to assess correlations of BPU, BPE, FGT, and age, as well as inter- and intra-reader agreement. <b>Results:</b> BPU on <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT varied between patients. The mean BPU SUV<sub>max</sub> values ± SD for patients with minimal BPE were 1.57 ± SD 0.6, for mild BPE 1.93 ± SD 0.6, for moderate BPE 2.42 ± SD 0.5, and for marked BPE 1.45 ± SD 0.3. There were significant (P&lt;0.001) moderate to strong correlations among BPU, BPE, and FGT. BPU is directly correlated with both BPE and FGT on MRI. Patient age showed a moderate to strong indirect correlation with all three imaging-derived tissue biomarkers. The coefficient of variation for quantitative BPU measurements with SUV<sub>max</sub> was 5.6%, indicating a high reproducibility. Inter-reader and intra-reader agreement for BPE and FGT was almost perfect, with a Kappa value of 0.860 and 0.822, respectively. <b>Conclusion:</b> The results of our study demonstrate that BPU varies between patients. BPU is directly correlated with both BPE and FGT on MRI, and BPU measurements are highly reproducible. Patient age showed strong inverse correlation with all three imaging-derived tissue biomarkers. These findings indicate that BPU may serve as a sensitive imaging biomarker for breast cancer prediction, prognosis, and risk assessment.
CTLA-4: From conflict to clinic
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

CTLA-4 was first identified in 1991 as a second receptor for the T cell costimulation ligand B7. Uncertainties about its biological function plagued the early years after its discovery until 1995, when it was confirmed to be an inhibitor of T cell responses. CTLA-4 has since scored in the clinic as a target for antitumor therapy and as a soluble inhibitor of autoimmunity.
312 GENOTYPE DISTRIBUTION OF THE HEPATIC CANALICULAR TRANSPORTER ABCC2 – 24C&gt;T POLYMORPHISM IS NOT RELATED TO DRUG-INDUCED IDIOSYNCRATIC LIVER INJURY (DILI). RELEVANCE OF ETHNIC VARIANTS IN EUROPEANS
Authors: M.I. Lucena, E. Crespo, E. Ulzurrun, F. Ruiz-Cabello, Y. Borraz, M.R. Cabello, M.C. Fernandez, G. Pelaez, A. Madrazo, M. Romero-Gomez, A. Castiella, H. Hachem, J.M. Navarro, R. Planas, J. Costa, J.F. Salmeron, C. Guarner, G. Soriano, R.J. Andrade
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Manuel Velasco-Suarez
Authors: T. A Ruff
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Mexico's father of neurosurgery and a campaigner against nuclear weapons

Manuel Velasco-Suarez was one of Mexico's wise elders and was usually revered in his home country with the title of “maestro.” He became an early leader of and perennial pillar of support for International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, and he was in no small measure responsible for the inspired and visionary role that Mexico had in efforts to rid the planet of nuclear weapons.

The son of a judge, who went on to become governor of the province of Chiapas, Manuel moved to Mexico City at the age of 14 to continue his education. His social activism began at an early age, and in 1938 he was one of the student leaders who attended the World Youth Congress against war and fascism that was sponsored by the United States' then first lady, Eleanor Roosevelt.


Manuel trained in medicine at the National Autonomous University of Mexico and in neurosurgery in Boston. Returning to Mexico as chief of neurosurgery at Hospital Juarez, one of Mexico's largest, he became the “father of neurosurgery” in Mexico and the teacher of generations of surgeons. He founded and directed the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, which now bears his name. 




Elected governor of his southern home province of Chiapas in 1970, Manuel supported recognition and justice for indigenous people. He consistently articulated the nexus between peace, health, and justice; and he masterfully understood the need for political engagement to achieve social and public health goals.

Out of the ruins of the 1985 Mexico City earthquake, he directed the rebuilding of Hospital Juarez, and created the inspiring Physician's Peace Park in Tlatelolco, from where the Latin American Nuclear Weapons Free Zone Treaty, the world's first, takes its name. A deeply religious man, Manuel was the founding president of the Mexican National Commission on Bioethics. He remained active, lucid, and indefatigable well into his 80s.

My wife and I first came to know him well during an IPPNW trip to Armenia and Azerbaijan in 1986. There are many things about him that we treasure—shared cognac and whisky, always without ice; lunch in grand style at San Angeline; tequilas on the verandah at five in the afternoon at his retreat at Guernavaca; the breakfast lesson in the dissection of bananas Manuel-style, sagittally; the morning dispensation of the allotted dose of vitamin C for each person for that day; his quiet personal prayers in his chapel; his phone calls, always in the wee morning hours; his precise and expansive handwriting and delightful letters.

Predeceased by his wife, Elvira, and two children, he leaves nine children.

Manuel Velasco-Suarez, neurosurgeon; b San Cristobal de las Casas, Mexico, 28 December 1914; q National Autonomous University of Mexico; d Mexico City 2 December 2001.
Coronary artery pressure development and wave transmission characteristics in the horse
Authors: J. A. RUMBERGER, R. M. NEREM, W. W. MUIR
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1979)

Measurements of the pressure waveform development and the wave transmission characteristics in the left extramural coronary arteries of the horse have been carried out. Near the ostium the left coronary pressure waveforms are seen to be virtually identical to the corresponding aortic root waveforms; however, the presence of low frequency, relatively large amplitude pressure oscillations (on the order of 5 to 10 Hz) gradually become the dominant diastolic feature as one proceeds distally from the left ostium, and these eventually completely mask the incisura. In a limited number of experiments, these oscillations have been simultaneously observed on both centerline velocity and phasic flow signals. These are felt to be primarily due to wave reflection phenomena, but may represent a combined effect of wave reflections and the natural oscillatory motion of the heart mass. Peak systolic pressures were found to remain relatively unchanged as one proceeds distally; however, the end-diastolic pressures were found to decrease steadily, thus giving rise to an increasing pulse pressure and a gradually decreasing mean pressure. Wave speeds in the coronary arteries were found to range between 4 and 11 m·s1, and the data obtained indicate the wave speed to be highly dependent on both local intralumenal pressure and spatial location.
Training programmes in internal medicine: Germany.
Authors: V Harth
Journal: BMJ (1971)

In response to flooding and soil erosion impacting the South Tobacco Creek watershed in southcentral Manitoba, local landowners constructed a network of small dams and reservoirs in the headwaters. Between 1999 and 2007, two of the small dams/reservoirs (Steppler multipurpose dam and Madill dry dam) were intensively monitored for their effectiveness in reducing peak flows and downstream sediment and nutrient loading during spring snowmelt (typically mid-March to mid-April) and summer rainfall (typically May to November) periods. These small-scale headwater storage dams were effective in reducing peak flows from agricultural land. The two dams/reservoirs monitored also reduced annual concentrations of sediment and total nitrogen (TN) to downstream receiving waters. However, annual concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) were only significantly reduced at the Madill dry dam, and the average concentrations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) within outflow water samples still exceeded guidelines for freshwater in the Canadian Prairies. Both dams/reservoirs significantly reduced annual loads of sediment, TN, and TP (Steppler dam, average of 77%, 15%, and 12%, respectively; Madill dam, average of 66%, 20%, and 9%, respectively). This corresponded to an average annual retention of 25 Mg y<sup>−1</sup> (28 tn yr<sup>−1</sup>) of sediment, 166 kg N y<sup>−1</sup> (366 lb N yr<sup>−1</sup>) and 17 kg P y<sup>−1</sup> (37 lb P yr<sup>−1</sup>) by the Steppler dam, while 6 Mg y<sup>−1</sup> (7 tn yr<sup>−1</sup>) of sediment, 181 kg N y<sup>−1</sup> (399 lb N yr<sup>−1</sup>) and 10 kg P y<sup>−1</sup> (22 lb P yr<sup>−1</sup>) were retained by the Madill dam. Both reservoirs reduced annual loads of dissolved N and P to downstream water bodies (Steppler, average of 14% and 10%, respectively; Madill, average of 23% and 15%, respectively), and were generally effective in removing dissolved N and P during both snowmelt and rainfall-generated runoff. The percent retention of dissolved nutrients was consistently higher during the summer than the spring. While the reservoirs removed particulates during snowmelt-generated runoff, they were often sources of suspended nutrients during rainfall-generated events. However, since dissolved nutrients were the dominant form of both N and P (&gt;70% for both snowmelt and rainfall events), the two dams/reservoirs successfully reduced overall nutrient loads to downstream water bodies, annually and seasonally. In combination with improving flood and erosion control for the region, small headwater storage dams and reservoirs deserve consideration when developing watershed nutrient management plans, especially for undulating and hummocky regions on the Great Plains.
Comparison of Three Cholesterol-Lowering Diets in Normolipidemic Men
Authors: Scott M. Grundy
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Saturated fatty acids and cholesterol in the diet raise the plasma cholesterol concentration, and a reduction in these constituents is recommended widely. However, there is not general agreement as to which nutrients should replace saturated fatty acids. Several different substitute nutrients are possible. In this study, three cholesterol-lowering diets were compared in nine men living in a domiciliary. On a typical American diet at baseline, cholesterol levels were in the normal range. One replacement diet was high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (High Poly); another had 30% fat and corresponded to the American Heart Association's (AHA) recommended diet for the general public (AHA phase I); the third diet had 20% fat, equivalent to the AHA phase III diet for treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Compared with baseline levels, all diets caused similar reductions in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, but the High Poly and AHA phase III diets lowered the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level more than the AHA phase I diet. Thus, for the limited number of patients in this study, the diet recommended for the general public appeared as effective for lowering of cholesterol levels as diets containing more polyunsaturates or more carbohydrates.
Short-term aluminum administration in the rat. Effects on bone formation and relationship to renal osteomalacia.
Authors: W G Goodman, J Gilligan, R Horst
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Aluminum may be pathogenic in the osteomalacia observed in some patients receiving hemodialysis. To study the early effects of Al on bone growth, bone formation, mineralization, and resorption were measured during short-term Al exposure in the tibial cortex of pair-fed control (C, n = 10), aluminum-treated (AL, n = 9), subtotally nephrectomized control (NX-C, n = 7), and subtotally nephrectomized aluminum-treated (NX-AL, n = 8) rats using double tetracycline labeling of bone. Animals received 2 mg/d of elemental Al intraperitoneally for 5 d/wk over 4 wk. Total bone and matrix (osteoid) formation, periosteal bone and matrix formation, and periosteal bone and matrix apposition fell by 20% in AL from C, P less than 0.05 for all values, and by 40% in NX-AL from NX-C, P less than 0.01 for all values. Moreover, each measurement was significantly less in NX-AL than in AL, P less than 0.05 for all values. Osteoid width did not increase following aluminum administration in either AL or NX-AL. Resorption surface increased from control values in both AL and NX-AL; also, resorptive activity at the endosteum was greater in NX-AL than in NX-C, P less than 0.05. Thus, aluminum impairs new bone and matrix formation but does not cause classic osteomalacia in the cortical bone of rats whether renal function is normal or reduced. These findings may represent either a different response to aluminum administration in cortical bone as contrasted to trabecular bone or an early phase in the development of osteomalacia. Aluminum may increase bone resorption and contribute to osteopenia in clinical states associated with aluminum accumulation in bone.