tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Triamterene and Hydrochlorothiazide in the Treatment of Hypertension.
Authors: William C. Heath
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 February 1964Triamterene and Hydrochlorothiazide in the Treatment of Hypertension.William C. Heath, M.B., B.S., Edward D. Freis, M.D., F.A.C.P.William C. Heath, M.B., B.S.Search for more papers by this author, Edward D. Freis, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-2-317_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe pteridine diuretic triamterene, 100 mg twice daily, did not alter the urinary potassium excretion control values when given to seven nonedematous inpatients. In view of the saluretic potency of the benzothiadiazines and the potassium sparing action of triamterene, a combination of the two drugs was evaluated in 13 patients on a controlled sodium intake. Sodium excretion averaged 154 mEq/24 hr during control; 332 with hydrochlorothiazide, 50 mg, twice daily; and 341 mEq/24 hr with hydrochlorothiazide, 25 mg plus triamterene 50 mg, twice daily. Potassium increased from 60 to 80 mEq/24 hr with hydrochlorothiazide but decreased to 50 mEq with... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Washington, D. C. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThiazide Diuretics and Related Drugs 1 February 1964Volume 60, Issue 2_Part_1Page: 317-317KeywordsDiureticsDrugsExcretionHypertensionInpatientsPotassiumSodium Issue Published: 1 February 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
Enhanced allostimulatory activity of host antigen-presenting cells in old mice intensifies acute graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Rainer Ordemann, Raymond Hutchinson, Jeffrey Friedman, Steven J. Burakoff, Pavan Reddy, Ulrich Duffner, Thomas M. Braun, Chen Liu, Takanori Teshima, James L.M. Ferrara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Older bone marrow transplantation (BMT) recipients are at heightened risk for acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic BMT, but the causes of this association are poorly understood. Using well-characterized murine BMT models we have explored the mechanisms of increased GVHD in older mice. GVHD mortality, morbidity, and pathologic and biochemical indices were all worse in old recipients. Donor T cell responses were significantly increased in old recipients both in vivo and in vitro when stimulated by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) from old mice, which also secreted more TNF-α and IL-12 after LPS stimulation. In a B6 → B6D2F1 model, CD4+ donor T cells but not CD8+ T cells mediated more severe GVHD in old mice. We confirmed the role of aged APCs in GVHD using B6D2F1 BM chimeras created with either old or young BM. Four months after chimera creation, allogeneic BMT from B6 donors caused significantly worse GVHD in old BM chimeras. APCs from these mice also stimulated greater responses from allogeneic cells in vitro. These data demonstrate a hitherto unsuspected mechanism of amplified donor T cell responses by aged allogeneic host APCs that increases acute GVHD in aged recipients in this BMT model.
Splenic Radiation for Corticosteroid-resistant Immune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: David C. Calverley, Glenn W. Jones, John G. Kelton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To determine the role of splenic radiation as a treatment for immune thrombocytopenia. Design: Retrospective analysis of an open, nonrandomized investigation. Setting: A regional cancer center, referred care, and primary care settings. Patients: Eleven older patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and 8 patients with secondary immune thrombocytopenia refractory to corticosteroid treatment for whom surgery would have posed a high risk. Intervention: A short course (1 to 6 weeks) of radiation therapy to the spleen (total dose, 75 to 1370 cGy) with or without concurrent and postradiation corticosteroid administration. Measurements: Efficacy was assessed by measuring any increase in the platelet count and by monitoring the duration of response and side effects. Results: Of 11 patients with ITP, 8 patients responded. Three patients had a sustained (> 52 weeks) increase in the platelet count to safe levels after therapy was discontinued. An additional patient had a sustained response but required intermittent, low-dose corticosteroids. Four other patients had increases in their platelet counts that lasted from 8 to 25 weeks. Two of the eight patients without ITP had a positive response, whereas four did not respond, and two were not evaluable. Patients had no adverse reactions to the radiation treatment. Conclusion: Splenic radiation can be a safe and effective method to raise the platelet count in older patients with ITP that is refractory to corticosteroids and in whom the risks associated with splenectomy are high.
Cavitating Pulmonary Nodules Complicating Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Philip M. Hatfield
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Dr. Hatfield: This 64-year-old man with a six-year history of Hodgkin's disease complained of pain in the right side of the chest of three days' duration. For six years he had received high doses of steroids, which had induced myopathy in his legs. He also had severe coronary artery disease with at least one myocardial infarct, angina, atrial fibrillation, and recurrent congestive failure. He first received melphalan (Alkeran) two years previously when he was admitted to the hospital with pain in the right side of the chest and lowgrade fever. Results of physical examination were unremarkable, except for a grade 2/6 apical systolic murmur and palpable right inguinal nodes. Roentgenograms of the chest (Fig 1 and 2) demonstrate the subacute evolution of nodular masses within both lungs, with eventual cavitation. Between these two examinations, the patient received 1,000 rads in one week to both lungs. There was no discernible response
Yet another ten stories on antiviral drug discovery (part D): Paradigms, paradoxes, and paraductions
Authors: Erik De Clercq
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2009)

Abstract This review article presents the fourth part (part D) in the series of stories on antiviral drug discovery. The stories told in part D focus on: (i) the cyclotriazadisulfonamide compounds; (ii) the {5‐[(4‐bromophenylmethyl]‐2‐phenyl‐5 H ‐imidazo[4,5‐ c ]pyridine} compounds; (iii) (1 H ,3 H ‐thiazolo[3,4‐ a ]benzimidazole) derivatives; (iv) T‐705 (6‐fluoro‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐pyrazinecarboxamide) and (v) its structurally closely related analogue pyrazine 2‐carboxamide (pyrazinamide); (vi) new strategies for the treatment of hemorrhagic fever virus infections, including, as the most imminent, (vii) dengue fever, (viii) the veterinary use of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates; (ix) the potential (off‐label) use of cidofovir in the treatment of papillomatosis, particularly RRP (recurrent respiratory papillomatosis); and (x) finally, the prophylactic use of tenofovir to prevent HIV infections. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 30, No. 4, 667–707, 2010
Atrial Peptide Study Proceeds Apace
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1987)

"THE HEART SEEMS to be a very self-serving, self-centered organ, and it seems to have devised a way to protect itself against the volume overload of high blood pressure." So said Tadashi Inagami, PhD, professor of biochemistry and director of the Specialized Center for Research on Hypertension at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn, at the annual meeting of the American Heart Association (AHA) in Dallas. The "way" Inagami referred to is atrial natriuretic factor. How this medium-size peptide secreted by the atria (and probably, it is now thought, to some degree by the ventricles as well) does its job, why it doesn't always do it adequately, and how its influence can be augmented are topics of intense interest and speculation among cardiovascular specialists. Pharmaceutical companies also are seeking to learn more about the material whose properties make Marc Cantin, MD, director of the Laboratory of Experimental Hypertension at the
Classification of HIV Infection and Disease in Women from Rwanda: Evaluation of the World Health Organization HIV Staging System and Recommended Modifications
Authors: Alan R. Lifson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To develop a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) staging system for sub-Saharan Africa on the basis of an evaluation of the World Health Organization (WHO) system and predictors of mortality. Design: Prospective cohort study with 4 years of follow-up. Setting: Kigali, Rwanda. Patients: 412 HIV-infected women recruited from prenatal and pediatric clinics. Measurements: Clinical signs and symptoms of HIV disease, laboratory assays (including complete blood count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate), and cumulative mortality. Results: The WHO staging system includes a clinical and a laboratory axis. The clinical axis was revised by inclusion of oral candidiasis, chronic oral or genital ulcers, and pulmonary tuberculosis as “severe” disease (clinical stage IV); in addition, body mass index was substituted for weight loss in the definition for the wasting syndrome. The 36-month cumulative mortality was 7% for women in modified clinical stage I (“asymptomatic”), 15% for those in stage II, 19% for those in stage III, and 36% for those in stage IV (P < 0.001). The laboratory axis was revised by replacing lymphocyte count with hematocrit and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The 36-month mortality was 10% for women in modified stage A (“normal” laboratory results) and 33% for those in stage B (erythrocyte sedimentation rate >65 mm/h or hematocrit <0.38) (P < 0.001). A single staging system combining clinical and laboratory criteria is proposed, with a 36-month mortality of 7% for women in combined stage I, 10% for those in stage II, 29% for those in stage III, and 62% for those in stage IV (P < 0.001). Conclusions: On the basis of this analysis, a staging system relevant for sub-Saharan Africa is proposed that reflects the range of HIV-related outcomes, has strong prognostic significance, includes inexpensive and available laboratory tests, and can be used by both clinicians and researchers.
Pediatric Critical Care
Authors: Derek S. Wheeler
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
AT-61 * DEXAMETHASONE EXERTS PROFOUND INTERFERENCE ON TREATMENT EFFICACY FOR RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA
Authors: E. T. Wong, E. Lok, S. Gautam, K. D. Swanson
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Dexamethasone is often used to counteract rapid neurologic deterioration in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. We therefore asked whether dexamethasone reduces the efficacy of treatments. The phase III trial comparing tumor-treating alternating electric fields (TTFields) to active chemotherapy offered us a unique opportunity to address this question that was unencumbered by the confounding immune and hematologic side effects of chemotherapy. Using an unsupervised binary partitioning algorithm, we segregated subjects in the trial based on the dexamethasone dose that yielded the greatest overall survival (OS) difference. The median OS of TTFields-treated subjects who used ≤4.1 mg/day of dexamethasone was 11.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.8-16.6) months compared to 4.8 (95%CI 3.9-6.0) months in those who used >4.1 mg of dexamethasone (χ2 = 34.6, P < 0.0001). Subjects who were treated with chemotherapy also benefited from the same lower dose of dexamethasone, median OS 8.9 (95%CI 7.2-16.1) months with ≤4.1 mg/day versus 6.0 (95%CI 3.5-8.3) months with >4.1 mg/day (χ2 = 10.0, P < 0.0015). The same dexamethasone cutoff was validated in a single-institutional cohort with a Karnofsky performance score of ≥70 and treated with either TTFields monotherapy or in combination with bevacizumab. The median OS of patients who used dexamethasone ≤4.1 mg/day was 8.7 (95%CI 6.7-not available [NA]) months compared to those who used >4.1 mg/day was 3.2 (95%CI 1.2-NA) months (χ2 = 11.1, P = 0.0009). A 3-dimensional binary partitioning analysis revealed that the best outcome was from a group of patients with CD4 >144 cells/mm3, CD4/CD8 ≤1.1, dexamethasone ≤0.6 mg/day and their median OS was 13.7 (95%CI 10.8-13.8) months as compared to the rest with a median OS of 4.6 months (95%CI 0.3-22.7). Dexamethasone exerts a profound effect on both TTFields and chemotherapy treatment efficacy in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Our data strongly suggest that dexamethasone can cause global immunosuppression and this most likely interferes with immune effector function against the tumor.
MRSA and Pneumonia
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Influence of balloon size on initial success, acute complications, and restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. A prospective randomized study.
Authors: G S Roubin, J S Douglas, S B King, S F Lin, N Hutchison, R G Thomas, A R Gruentzig
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is strongly associated with incomplete initial dilatation. To determine if oversized PTCA balloons would reduce the restenosis rate without increasing the risk of arterial dissection and acute complications, we prospectively randomized 336 patients to receive either smaller or larger balloons. Thirty-four percent of patients had multivessel disease and 18% had multisite dilatation. One hundred sixty-nine patients were randomized to PTCA with a larger balloon and 167 to PTCA with a smaller balloon. Balloon:artery diameter ratios were 1.13 +/- 0.14 in the larger group and 0.93 +/- 0.12 in the smaller group (p less than 0.001). The trial was halted as clinically important differences in acute complications emerged. Emergency bypass graft surgery, usually for the treatment of arterial dissection, was required in 7.1% of patients in the larger balloon group and 3.6% of patients in the smaller balloon group (p = 0.15). Myocardial infarction (Q wave and non-Q wave) complicated 7.7% of procedures in which large balloons were assigned and 3.0% of procedures in which small balloons were assigned (p = 0.056). There were no deaths in either group. The incidence of bypass surgery was 1.7% when the balloon:artery ratio was less than 0.9, 3.1% when the ratio was 0.9-1.1, and 7.8% when it was greater than 1.1. Stepwise logistic regression analysis demonstrated that larger balloon assignment, multiple lesion dilatation, and multivessel coronary artery disease were independent predictors of emergency surgery. Angiographic restudy rates were 50% in the larger group and 60% in the smaller group (p = NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Exposure to CT scans in children slightly increases risk of leukaemia or brain tumour, study shows
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Children who have computed tomography scans run a higher risk of developing leukaemia or a brain tumour later in life, a large cohort study using NHS data has shown. In absolute terms the risks remain small, but the study emphasises the need to ensure that children are scanned only when absolutely necessary.

The study concludes that two to three computed tomography scans to the head in children under 15 can triple the risk of brain cancer, while five to 10 such scans can triple the risk of leukaemia. For every 10 000 children given a single scan to the head before the age of 10, there would be one additional case of leukaemia …
Abstract 2228: Phosphatidylinositol-4-kinase - Potent and selective inhibitors of PI4Kα and PI4Kβ.
Authors: Michael J. Waring, Darren Cross, David Andrews, Vikki Flemington, Carol Lenaghan, Jennifer McKelvie, Sarita Maman, Piotr Raubo, Graeme Robb, James Smith, Martin Swarbrick
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Phosphatidylinositol (PI) is a phospholipid that resides primarily on the cytosolic surface of cell membranes. PI can be phosphorylated to generate seven different phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIPs), all of which have distinct biological activities.1 A major first step in the production of these PIPs is the conversion of PI into phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P) by PI4 kinase.2 Here we describe the identification of inhibitors of PI4 kinase via targeted screening of a kinase subset. This exercise has delivered inhibitors that are potent inhibitors of PI4 kinase (pIC50 &amp;gt;8), which are selective the α- or the β-subtypes and do not inhibit related enzymes on the PI pathway (PI3 kinase pIC50 &amp;lt;5 or PIP5 kinase pIC50 &amp;lt;4) and also exhibit good broader kinase selectivity. The effect of these useful probe compounds on cellular phosphatidylinositol-4,5-diphosphate and subsequent downstream markers will be described along with the comparison of these effects with the corresponding siRNA. 1. G. Di Paolo, P. De Camilli, Phosphoinositides in cell regulation and membrane dynamics. Nature 2006, 443, 651-657.2. T. Sasaki, S. Takasuga, J. Sasaki, S. Kofuji, S. Eguchi, M. Yamazaki, A. Suzuki, Mammalian phosphoinositide kinases and phosphatases. Progress in lipid research, 2009, 48, 307-343. Citation Format: Michael J. Waring, Darren Cross, David Andrews, Vikki Flemington, Carol Lenaghan, Jennifer McKelvie, Sarita Maman, Piotr Raubo, Graeme Robb, James Smith, Martin Swarbrick. Phosphatidylinositol-4-kinase - Potent and selective inhibitors of PI4Kα and PI4Kβ. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2228. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2228
Acceleration of Typical Atrial Flutter Due to Double-Wave Reentry Induced by Programmed Electrical Stimulation
Authors: Jie Cheng, Melvin M. Scheinman
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Acceleration of reentrant tachycardia induced by programmed electrical stimulation is a well-documented phenomenon, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Methods and Results —Twelve patients with typical atrial flutter were studied. Activation sequence of the underlying reentrant circuit was recorded by multiple multipolar electrodes placed in the right atrium. In five patients, 27 episodes of atrial flutter acceleration were induced by single extrastimuli delivered in the isthmus between the tricuspid annulus and eustachian ridge (TA-ER isthmus) and one by rapid overdrive atrial pacing. Analyses of the activation sequences, intracardiac electrograms, and 12-lead surface ECG P-wave morphology indicated that the acceleration was caused by two successive activation wave fronts circulating in the same direction along the same reentrant circuit (double-wave reentry, DWR). DWR was induced only within a narrow range of coupling interval, from 2 to 45 ms beyond the effective refractory period, and was associated with unidirectional antidromic block of the paced impulse. Patients with DWR had a shorter effective refractory period (138.8±13.4 versus 163.8±12.2 ms, P &lt;.015) and larger excitable gap (124.0±22.6 versus 83.2±13.2 ms, P &lt;.009) compared with patients without inducible DWR. All of the DWR episodes were transient. Most (78.6%) terminated after one of the double wave fronts was blocked in the TA-ER isthmus. Conclusions —DWR is one of the mechanisms responsible for programmed electrical stimulation–induced atrial flutter acceleration in human subjects. Its induction requires a sufficient excitable gap and antidromic unidirectional block of the paced impulse in the TA-ER isthmus. In addition, the TA-ER isthmus is the usual site of DWR termination.
1164-127 Whole body, myocardial, and coronary vascular insulin resistance in conscious dogs with pacing induced dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Amy Schuett, Lazaros A Nikolaidis, Teresa Hentosz, Carol Stolarski, Aaron Doverspike, Rhonda Huerbin, Lee Zourelias, Richard P Shannon, Dariush Elahi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Nitric oxide and atrial natriuretic factor stimulate cGMP-dependent membrane insertion of aquaporin 2 in renal epithelial cells
Authors: Richard Bouley, Sylvie Breton, Tian-xiao Sun, Margaret McLaughlin, Ndona N. Nsumu, Herbert Y. Lin, Dennis A. Ausiello, Dennis Brown
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

In collecting duct principal cells, aquaporin 2 (AQP2) is shuttled from intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane upon vasopressin (VP) stimulation. VP activates adenylyl cyclase, increases intracellular cAMP, activating protein kinase A (PKA) to phosphorylate AQP2 on the COOH-terminal residue, serine 256. Using rat kidney slices and LLC-PK1 cells stably expressing AQP2 (LLC-AQP2 cells), we now show that AQP2 trafficking can be stimulated by cAMP-independent pathways. In these systems, the nitric oxide (NO) donors sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and NONOate and the NO synthase substrate L-arginine mimicked the effect of VP, stimulating relocation of AQP2 from cytoplasmic vesicles to the plasma membrane. Unlike VP, these other agents did not increase intracellular cAMP. However, SNP increased intracellular cGMP, and exogenous cGMP stimulated AQP2-membrane insertion. Atrial natriuretic factor, which signals via cGMP, also stimulated AQP2 translocation. The VP and SNP effects were blocked by the kinase inhibitor H89. SNP did not stimulate membrane insertion of AQP2 in LLC-PK1 cells expressing the phosphorylation-deficient mutant 256SerAla-AQP2, indicating that phosphorylation of Ser256 is required for signaling. Both PKA and cGMP-dependent protein kinase G phosphorylated AQP2 on this COOH-terminal residue in vitro. These results demonstrate a novel, cAMP-independent and cGMP-dependent pathway for AQP2 membrane insertion in renal epithelial cells.