tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Repeated head trauma is linked to smaller brain volume in study of professional fighters
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Repeated blows to the head are associated with lower brain volumes and lower processing speed in boxers and other professional fighters, a report in the British Journal of Sports Medicine has concluded.

The Professional Fighters Brain Health Study1 included 131 martial arts fighters and 93 boxers, as well as 22 matched controls. All participants were aged 18 to 44, and the amount of time they had spent as professional fighters …
Traditional butchery methods linked to vCJD cluster
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

A report into the largest cluster of cases of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in the United Kingdom has said that beef products bought from traditional family butchers might have been involved.

The report linked deaths from vCJD in the Leicestershire community of Queniborough to a series of factors in the supply chain of local meat, including meat preparation practices used by traditional butchers and slaughterers two decades ago, which might have allowed brain tissue infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) to come into contact with meat.

“We have found an association which provides a biologically plausible explanation suggesting that four out of the five people with vCJD may have been exposed to the BSE agent through the purchase and consumption of beef from a butcher's shop where the meat could be …
Workplace, Household, and Personal Predictors of Pesticide Exposure for Farmworkers
Authors: Sara A. Quandt, María A. Hernández-Valero, Joseph G. Grzywacz, Joseph D. Hovey, Melissa Gonzales, Thomas A. Arcury
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

In this article we identify factors potentially associated with pesticide exposure among farmworkers, grade the evidence in the peer-reviewed literature for such associations, and propose a minimum set of measures necessary to understand farmworker risk for pesticide exposure. Data sources we reviewed included Medline, Science Citation Index, Social Science Citation Index, PsycINFO, and AGRI-COLA databases. Data extraction was restricted to those articles that reported primary data collection and analysis published in 1990 or later. We read and summarized evidence for pesticide exposure associations. For data synthesis, articles were graded by type of evidence for association of risk factor with pesticide exposure as follows: 1 = association demonstrated in farmworkers; 2 = association demonstrated in nonfarmworker sample; 3 = plausible association proposed for farmworkers; or 4 = association plausible but not published for farmworkers. Of more than 80 studies we identified, only a third used environmental or biomarker evidence to document farmworker exposure to pesticides. Summaries of articles were compiled by level of evidence and presented in tabular form. A minimum list of data to be collected in farmworker pesticide studies was derived from these evidence tables. Despite ongoing concern about pesticide exposure of farmworkers and their families, relatively few studies have tried to test directly the association of behavioral and environmental factors with pesticide exposure in this population. Future studies should attempt to use similar behavioral, environmental, and psychosocial measures to build a body of evidence with which to better understand the risk factors for pesticide exposure among farmworkers.
Alcohol and death certification: a survey of current practice and attitudes.
Authors: G Bell, A Cremona
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Alcohol and death certification: a survey of current practice and attitudes Official estimates ofall deaths from cirrhosis in England and Wales are lower than those in other countries with similar levels of alcohol consumption.'In addition, officially recorded death rates from alcoholic cirrhosis appear lower than rates suggested by results of clinical surveys.2These discrepancies are thought to be due largely to underrecording on death certificates, perhaps to avoid the statutory obligation (waived in July 1984) to report deaths related to alcohol to the coroner.3We have examined the recording of alcohol abuse on death certificates and factors influencing such recording. Methods and resultsAll 125 death certificates signed by the 43 preregistration housemen at Middlesex and University College Hospitals over a three month period were examined.Those with a diagnosis in which alcohol may have been aetiologically important (n=40) were selected for review of the case notes (table).Thirty eight case notes were available and were reviewed (a) to establish the accuracy of certification with special reference to alcohol and (b) to assess the adequacy of the history of alcohol consumption recorded.Diagnoses on death certificates selected for review of case notes Diagnosis No of cases Cirrhosis of the liver (two patients certified as alcoholic) 4 Carcinoma of the tongue 2 Carcinoma of the oesophagus 2 Carcinoma of the stomach 5 Carcinoma of the pancreas 5 Cardiovascular diseases 17 Cerebrovascular diseases 5We thank the house officers and the general practitioners who completed the questionnaire.1 Taylor D. Alcohol: reducing the harm.
How do we see what is not there?
Authors: Lothar Spillmann, John S. Werner
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Pessoa et al. provide a valuable taxonomy of perceptual completion phenomena, but it is not yet clear whether these phenomena are mediated by one kind of neural mechanism or more. We suggest three possible neural mechanisms of long-range interaction to stimulate further perceptual and neurophysiological investigation of perceptual completion and filling-in.
β-Blockers Before Noncardiac Surgery Help Only Some Heart Patients
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mechano-active tissue engineering of vascular smooth muscle using pulsatile perfusion bioreactors and elastic PLCL scaffolds
Authors: Sung In Jeong, Jae Hyun Kwon, Jin Ik Lim, Seung-Woo Cho, Youngmee Jung, Won Jun Sung, Soo Hyun Kim, Young Ha Kim, Young Moo Lee, Byung-Soo Kim, Cha Yong Choi, Soo-Ja Kim
Journal: Biomaterials (2004)
One-year Follow-up Results of Combined Mitomycin C Trabeculectomy and E~rtracapsular Cataract Extraction
Authors: Karen M. Joos, Michael J. Bueche, Paul F. Palmberg, William J. Feuer, Alana L. Grajewski
Journal: Ophthalmology (1995)

Purpose: When patients with glaucoma require cataract surgery, combined procedures offer important advantages over cataract surgery alone.Because mitomycin C has improved the success rate of a trabeculectomy in patients at high risk for filtration failure, the authors investigated whether it also would increase the survival rate of functioning filters in combined procedures.Methods: Patients with both cataract and glaucoma underwent combined mitomycin C trabeculectomy, extracapsular cataract extraction, and intraocular lens implantation.Mitomycin C (0.5 mg/ml) was applied topically to the trabeculectomy site for 5 minutes before the cataract extraction.Intraocular pressure (lOP), visual acuity, and astigmatism were measured preoperatively and postoperatively.One-year results are available for 74 patients.Resufts: At 1 year, 54 (73%) of 74 patients had lOPs of 15 mmHg or less without glaucoma medications.Visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 44 (60%) of 74 patients.Ten (15%) patients had a shift of more than 2 diopters of astigmatism against the rule compared with preoperative values.No notable comeal epithelial toxicity was present.Postoperative symptomatic hypotony with the wound construction occurred in 3 (4%) of 74 patients, with 1 patient requiring surgical revision.Other potential complications of mitomycin C include endothelial toxicity (1 patient had decreased vision due to endothelial folds) and wound stability (1 patient had wound rupture after direct ocular trauma). Conclusion:The 1-year survival rate of a functioning trabeculectomy using mitomycin C in combined glaucoma and cataract surgery is encouraging.The longer-term benefits and possible adverse effects of mitomycin C in combined procedures are unknown and continue to be investigated.
Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition Increases Mortality, Enhances Left Ventricular Remodeling, and Impairs Systolic Function After Myocardial Infarction in the Pig
Authors: Leo Timmers, Joost P.G. Sluijter, Cees W.J. Verlaan, Paul Steendijk, Maarten Jan Cramer, Maringa Emons, Chaylendra Strijder, Paul F. Gründeman, Siu Kwan Sze, Lin Hua, Jan J. Piek, Cornelius Borst, Gerard Pasterkamp, Dominique P.V. de Kleijn
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression in the heart increases after myocardial infarction (MI). In murine models of MI, COX-2 inhibition preserves left ventricular dimensions and function. We studied the effect of selective COX-2 inhibition on left ventricular remodeling and function after MI in a pig model. Methods and Results— Twenty-two pigs were assigned to COX-2 inhibition with a COX-2 inhibitor (COX-2i; celecoxib 400 mg twice daily; n=14) or a control group (n=8). MI was induced by left circumflex coronary artery ligation, and the animals were euthanized 6 weeks later. Cardiac dimensions and function were assessed with echocardiography and conductance catheters. Infarct size and collagen density were analyzed with triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and picrosirius red staining, respectively. COX-2 inhibition increased mortality compared with controls (50% versus 0%, P =0.022), whereas infarct size was similar (13.1±0.7% versus 14.1±0.1%, P =0.536). The decrease in thickness of the infarcted myocardial wall was more pronounced in the COX-2i group (60.6±9.6% versus 36.2±5.7%, P =0.001). End-diastolic volume was higher in the COX-2i group (133.9±33.5 versus 91.1±24.0 mL; P =0.021), as was the end-systolic volume at 100 mm Hg (81.7±27.8 versus 56.3±21.1 mL; P =0.037), which indicates that systolic function was more severely impaired. Infarct collagen density was lower after COX-2i treatment (25.3±3.9 versus 56.1±23.8 gray value/mm 2 ; P =0.005). Conclusions— In pigs, COX-2 inhibition after MI is associated with increased mortality, enhanced left ventricular remodeling, and impaired systolic function, probably due to decreased infarct collagen fiber density.
Critical Limits for Urgent Clinician Notification at US Medical Centers
Authors: Gerald J. Kost
Journal: JAMA (1990)

A national survey determined critical limits used by trauma and medical centers in the United States. Mean low and high critical limits for the most frequently listed tests were the following values: glucose, 2.6 and 26.9 mmol/L; potassium, 2.8 and 6.2 mmol/L; calcium, 1.65 and 3.22 mmol/L; sodium, 120 and 158 mmol/L; hematocrit, 0.18 and 0.61; hemoglobin, 66 and 199 g/L; platelets, 37 x 10(9)/L and 910 X 10(9)/L; and white blood cell count, 2.0 X 10(9)/L and 37.0 X 10(9)/L. The high critical limit for prothrombin time was 27 seconds. Critical limits for PCO2 were 19 and 67 mm Hg; and for pH, 7.21 and 7.59. The low critical limit for PO2 was 43 mm Hg; no high critical limit was listed. The noncritical span for free calcium was 0.80 mmol/L. Important qualitative critical results included the presence of blasts on the blood smear, a Gram's stain or culture from blood or cerebrospinal fluid with positive results, and an elevated white blood cell count in the cerebrospinal fluid. A product of 15 years of collective medical judgment, these data should help physicians improve the quality and efficiency of acute patient care.
The effects of aerobic, resistance, and combined exercise on metabolic control, inflammatory markers, adipocytokines, and muscle insulin signaling in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Maria Luiza Mendonça Pereira Jorge, Vanessa Neves de Oliveira, Nathalia Maria Resende, Lara Ferreira Paraiso, Antonio Calixto, Angelica Lemos Debs Diniz, Elmiro Santos Resende, Eduardo Rochete Ropelle, Jose Barreto Carvalheira, Foued Salmen Espindola, Paulo Tannus Jorge, Bruno Geloneze
Journal: Metabolism (2011)
Systematic Review: The Effect on Surrogates of Making Treatment Decisions for Others
Authors: David Wendler, Annette Rid
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Background: Clinical practice relies on surrogates to make or help to make treatment decisions for incapacitated adults; however, the effect of this practice on surrogates has not been evaluated. Purpose: To assess the effect on surrogates of making treatment decisions for adults who cannot make their own decisions. Data Sources: Empirical studies published in English and listed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, BIOETHICSLINE, PsycINFO, or Scopus before 1 July 2010. Study Selection: Eligible studies provided quantitative or qualitative empirical data, by evaluating surrogates, regarding the effect on surrogates of making treatment decisions for an incapacitated adult. Data Extraction: Information on study location, number and type of surrogates, timing of data collection, type of decisions, patient setting, methods, main findings, and limitations. Data Synthesis: 40 studies, 29 using qualitative and 11 using quantitative methods, provided data on 2854 surrogates, more than one half of whom were family members of the patient. Most surrogates were surveyed several months to years after making treatment decisions, the majority of which were end-of-life decisions. The quantitative studies found that at least one third of surrogates experienced a negative emotional burden as the result of making treatment decisions. The qualitative studies reported that many or most surrogates experienced negative emotional burden. The negative effects on surrogates were often substantial and typically lasted months or, in some cases, years. The most common negative effects cited by surrogates were stress, guilt over the decisions they made, and doubt regarding whether they had made the right decisions. Nine of the 40 studies also reported beneficial effects on a few surrogates, the most common of which were supporting the patient and feeling a sense of satisfaction. Knowing which treatment is consistent with the patient's preferences was frequently cited as reducing the negative effect on surrogates. Limitations: Thirty-two of the 40 articles reported data collected in the United States. Because the study populations were relatively homogenous, it is unclear whether the findings apply to other groups. In some cases, the effect of making treatment decisions could not be isolated from that of other stressors, such as grief or prognostic uncertainty. Nine of the studies had a response rate less than 50%, and 9 did not report a response rate. Many of the studies had a substantial interval between the treatment decisions and data collection. Conclusion: Making treatment decisions has a negative emotional effect on at least one third of surrogates, which is often substantial and typically lasts months (or sometimes years). Future research should evaluate ways to reduce this burden, including methods to identify which treatment options are consistent with the patient's preferences. Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health.
Spontaneous pneumothorax: marker gas technique for predicting outcome of manual aspiration.
Authors: D Seaton, K Yoganathan, T Coady, R Barker
Journal: BMJ (1991)

To determine whether in a patient with spontaneous pneumothorax the presence or absence of a pleural leak can be shown at the time of manual aspiration by use of a marker gas. Also, to find out if the technique can predict whether manual aspiration will be successful, hence avoiding the need for intercostal tube drainage.Prospective study of 25 episodes of pneumothorax during which patients breathed air from a Douglas bag that contained chlorofluorocarbon gases from a metered dose inhaler while the pneumothorax was aspirated.Medical unit of a district general hospital.22 patients who presented over nine months with acute pneumothorax.Presence or absence of chlorofluorocarbon marker gases in the aspirate. Presence or absence of sustained re-expansion of the affected lung in the chest radiograph.Marker gas was detected in the aspirate from 16 out of 25 pneumothoraces. Of these, 13 required intercostal tube drainage because of failure of the lung to re-expand. Marker gas was not detected in nine cases, and in all of these cases manual aspiration resulted in sustained re-expansion of the lung.The presence or absence of a pleural leak during manual aspiration of spontaneous pneumothorax can be shown by using this technique. The absence of marker gas in the aspirate implies that manual aspiration will be successful, whereas its presence predicts, in most cases, either failure of manual aspiration to expand the lung or early re-collapse of the lung.
COLICIN K
Authors: Shuang-Shine Tsao, Walther F. Goebel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1969)

Partially purified colicin K (mCol K) has been obtained from cultures of Escherichia coli K235 induced with mitomycin C. Unlike colicin K (Col K) derived from noninduced cultures of E. coli K235, mitomycin-induced colicin K (mCol K) is not associated with the type O-specific antigen of the colicinogenic bacillus. mCol K elicits in rabbits specific antibodies which precipitate and neutralize the homologous bacteriocin. These colicin-specific antibodies are not precipitated by the colicin-O antigen complex derived from noninduced bacteria. Colicin-neutralizing antibodies can be separated by zone electrophoresis into fractions having different electrophoretic mobilities. The antibodies with lower mobility strongly precipitate the homologous antigen mCol K; those with higher mobility neutralize the bacteriocin and form soluble antigen-antibody complexes.
Who Shall Study Medicine?
Authors: Phillip A. Bauman
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Why do we continue to blame our admissions policies for the lack of compassionate and selfless physicians today (1980;244:779)? Why do we refuse to admit to the faults of our own educational system and the role it plays in fostering the generation of callous physicians? Certainly there are faults in the admissions policies of our medical schools. Certainly the most humane and compassionate applicants are often rejected for their mediocre academic performance. But these faults do not end with our admissions policies. On the contrary, that is where they begin. Medical school is not a school of compassion. When we reach the hospital after two grueling years of studying, we are taught, by example, to hide our feelings rather than to express them.<sup>1</sup>And when we do express compassion toward our patients, we learn to express it in a contrived and superficial way, rather than with
Agalactosyl IgG, antibodies to heat shock proteins, and acute rheumatic fever.
Authors: G M Bahr, A M Yousof, H A Majeed, K Behbehani, M Lubani, R B Parekh, R A Dwek, T W Rademacher, D B Young, A Mehlert
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

In rheumatoid arthritis an increased proportion of the N-linked oligosaccharides on serum IgG terminate with N-acetylglucosamine (agalactosyl IgG). It has recently been shown that group A streptococcal cell wall peptidoglycan/polysaccharide complex may be used to raise monoclonal antibodies which bind to this glycoform of IgG. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis also have increased levels of antibody to the 65 kD and 70 kD families of heat shock proteins, particularly to a bacterial (Mycobacterium bovis) homologue of heat shock protein hsp65. Streptococci must contain similar heat shock proteins. Acute rheumatic fever follows infection with group A streptococci, and these organisms might theoretically evoke antibody to heat shock proteins or changes in the levels of agalactosyl IgG, which is antigenically cross reactive with their cell walls. It is shown here that serum samples from patients with acute rheumatic fever do not differ from those from normal children by these criteria.
Hematotoxicity and carcinogenicity of inhaled benzene.
Authors: E P Cronkite, R T Drew, T Inoue, Y Hirabayashi, J E Bullis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1989)

CBA/Ca male mice have been exposed to benzene in air at 10, 25, 100, 300, 400, and 3000 ppm for variable intervals 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for up to 16 weeks. Two weeks of inhaling 10 ppm produced no hematologic effects; 25 ppm induced a significant lymphopenia. Inhalation of 100, 300, and 400 ppm produced dose-dependent decreases in blood lymphocytes, bone marrow cellularity, marrow content of spleen colony-forming units (CFU-S) and an increased fraction of CFU-S in DNA synthesis. Exposure of mice to 300 ppm for 2, 4, 8, and 16 weeks produced severe lymphopenia and decrease in marrow CFU-S. Recovery was rapid and complete after 2 and 4 weeks of exposure. After 8 and 16 weeks of exposure, recovery of lymphocytes was complete within 8 weeks. It took 16 weeks for the CFU-S to recover to that of the age-matched controls after 8 weeks of exposure and 25 weeks to recover to age-matched after 16 weeks of exposure. Inhalation of 3000 ppm for 8 days was less damaging than inhalation of 300 ppm for 80 days (same integral amount of benzene inhaled). The inhalation of 3000 ppm has not increased the incidence of leukemia or shortened its latency for development. Inhalation of 300 ppm 6 hr/day for 16 weeks significantly increases the incidence of myelogenous neoplasms in male CBA/Ca mice. Inhalation of 100 ppm for same interval does not influence incidence of myelogenous neoplasms but does increase incidence of solid neoplasms particularly in female CBA/Ca mice. Benzene is a potent carcinogen in CBA/Ca mice.