tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Placental Transfer of Theophylline
Authors: Joseph Dasta
Journal: JAMA (1979)

To the Editor.—  I want to expand on the excellent review of asthma and pregnancy by Weinstein et al (241: 1161, 1979). They state that there are no data reporting the placental transfer of theophylline. We have recently reported two cases in which notable theophylline concentrations were present in the sera of neonates born to mothers receiving theophylline therapy up to the time of delivery. 1 Concentrations of theophylline declined slowly in the serum of these two neonates, with half-lives of 15.0 and 10.6 hours, respectively. Although no signs of serious toxic reaction were observed in the neonates, slight tachycardia and jitteriness were noted. An earlier report by Yeh and Pildes 2 described a similar case of theophylline-placental transfer in which tachycardia, vomiting, and jitteriness occurred in one neonate. Thus, theophylline may cross the placenta, and neonates born to mothers receiving theophylline therapy should be monitored for the pharmacologic actions
Randomized controlled study of TIPS versus paracentesis plus albumin in cirrhosis with severe ascites
Authors: Francesco Salerno, Manuela Merli, Oliviero Riggio, Massimo Cazzaniga, Valentina Valeriano, Massimo Pozzi, Antonio Nicolini, Filippo Salvatori
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) has been shown to be effective in the control of refractory or recidivant ascites. However, the effect of TIPS on survival as compared with that of large-volume paracentesis plus albumin is uncertain. A multicenter, prospective, clinical trial was performed in 66 patients with cirrhosis and refractory or recidivant ascites (16 Child-Turcotte-Pugh class B and 50 Child-Turcotte-Pugh class C) randomly assigned to treatment with TIPS (n = 33) or with large-volume paracentesis plus human albumin (n = 33). The primary endpoint was survival without liver transplantation. Secondary endpoints were treatment failure, rehospitalization, and occurrence of complications. Thirteen patients treated with TIPS and 20 patients treated with paracentesis died during the study period, 4 patients in each group underwent liver transplantation. The probability of survival without transplantation was 77% at 1 year and 59% at 2 years in the TIPS group as compared with 52% and 29% in the paracentesis group (P = .021). In a multivariate analysis, treatment with paracentesis and higher MELD score showed to independently predict death. Treatment failure was more frequent in patients assigned to paracentesis, whereas severe episodes of hepatic encephalopathy occurred more frequently in patients assigned to TIPS. The number and duration of rehospitalizations were similar in the two groups. In conclusion, compared to large-volume paracentesis plus albumin, TIPS improves survival without liver transplantation in patients with refractory or recidivant ascites.
Association of early CMV viraemia with hepatic arterial thrombosis
Authors: S. Pastacaldi, A. Grasso, R. Teixeira, P. Montalto, L. Dagher, J. Vlachogiannakos, M. Rehim, D. Patch, K. Rolles, B. Davidson, A.K. Burroughs
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Gene Expression Profiles of BRCA1-Linked, BRCA2-Linked, and Sporadic Ovarian Cancers
Authors: Amir A. Jazaeri, Cindy J. Yee, Christos Sotiriou, Kelly R. Brantley, Jeff Boyd, Edison T. Liu
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2002)

Background: Germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 are responsible for 5%–10% of epithelial ovarian cancers, but the molecular pathways affected by these mutations are unknown. We used complementary DNA (cDNA) microarrays to compare gene expression patterns in ovarian cancers associated with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations with gene expression patterns in sporadic epithelial ovarian cancers and to identify patterns common to both hereditary and sporadic tumors. Methods: Tumor samples from 61 patients with pathologically confirmed epithelial ovarian adenocarcinoma with matched clinicopathologic features were studied, including 18 with BRCA1 founder mutations, 16 with BRCA2 founder mutations, and 27 without either founder mutation (termed sporadic cancers). The cDNA microarrays contained 7651 sequence-verified features. Gene expression data were analyzed with a modified two-sided F test, with P<.0001 considered statistically significant. The expression level of six genes was also studied with reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Results: The greatest contrast in gene expression was observed between tumors with BRCA1 mutations and those with BRCA2 mutations; 110 genes showed statistically significantly different expression levels (P<.0001). This group of genes could segregate sporadic tumors into two subgroups, "BRCA1-like" and "BRCA2-like," suggesting that BRCA1-related and BRCA2-related pathways are also involved in sporadic ovarian cancers. Fifty-three genes were differentially expressed between tumors with BRCA1 mutations and sporadic tumors; six of the 53 mapped to Xp11.23 and were expressed at higher levels in tumors with BRCA1 mutations than in sporadic tumors. Compared with the immortalized ovarian surface epithelial cells used as reference, several interferon-inducible genes were overexpressed in the majority of tumors with a BRCA mutation and in sporadic tumors. Conclusions: Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 may lead to carcinogenesis through distinct molecular pathways that also appear to be involved in sporadic cancers. Sporadic carcinogenic pathways may result from epigenetic aberrations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 or their downstream effectors.
Embryonic stem cell–derived hemangioblasts remain epigenetically plastic and require PRC1 to prevent neural gene expression
Authors: Luca Mazzarella, Helle F. Jørgensen, Jorge Soza-Ried, Anna V. Terry, Stella Pearson, Georges Lacaud, Valerie Kouskoff, Matthias Merkenschlager, Amanda G. Fisher
Journal: Blood (2010)
Make surgeons more active in teaching anatomy at all levels
Authors: Sanjay Purkayastha, Paraskeva Paraskevas, Ara Darzi
Journal: BMJ (2007)

That anatomy teaching is in crisis has been felt by clinicians for many years.1 Surgeons should be more involved in the teaching of anatomy and be integrated with anatomists and other clinical specialists such as anaesthetists, gynaecologists, and radiologists to provide a multispecialty approach. The …
Expanding Treatment Options for Stress Urinary Incontinence in Women
Authors: Neil M. Resnick
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Redox Modulation of T-Type Calcium Channels in Rat Peripheral Nociceptors
Authors: Slobodan M. Todorovic, Vesna Jevtovic-Todorovic, Adam Meyenburg, Steven Mennerick, Edward Perez-Reyes, Carmelo Romano, John W. Olney, Charles F. Zorumski
Journal: Neuron (2001)
Last Wishes: A Handbook to Guide Your Survivors
Authors: Pamela E. Sakalosky
Journal: JAMA (1996)

"A man's dying is more the survivor's affair than his own."—Thomas Mann,<i>The Magic Mountain</i> When Thomas Mann wrote of death, he recognized that survivors are profoundly affected by the passing of a loved one. To many, this is the ultimate loss. All too often the strain is compounded when the death occurs unexpectedly, forcing survivors to make difficult decisions without knowing many of the wishes of the deceased. A new publication,<i>Last Wishes</i>, hopes to alleviate this stress on family and friends by providing individuals the opportunity to specify their bequests and instructions before death. As one of the authors, Lucinda Knox, observes, "One of the saddest, most stressful times of a person's life— losing a loved one—is made even more difficult by having to make important decisions and search for needed information. Most people don't leave written instructions for their survivors." <i>Last Wishes</i>is a workbook to be
Abnormal Scrotal Finding on Bone Imaging Increased Radioactivity in a Hemi-Scrotum Due to Malignant Lymphoma
Authors: WEI-JEN SHIH, CALIXTO PULMANO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

An incidental photopenic area in the scrotum may be found on bone scintigraphy; such a lesion can be due to a benign disease (hydroceie). In contrast, increased activity of the hemi-scrotum on bone scintigraphy may indicate a malignant lesion. A 68-year-old man with enlargement of the right scrotum was found to have increased radioactivity in the right scrotum occupying two thirds of the scrotum on an anterior bone scan. On ultrasound examination, this scrotal enlargement showed diffuse hypoechoic density in the right scrotum. The patient underwent right orchlectomy and resection of right spermatic cord; pathologic examination confirmed malignant lymphoma with hematopoietic origin. Bone scan Interpretation should include observable asymmetrical soft tissue activity of the scrotum to depict scrotal abnormality.
Angiotensin II type-1 receptor antagonist inhibits vascular phenotypic change and remodeling in intramyocardial arteries by reducing oxidative stress through upregulation of superoxide dismutase
Authors: Masakazu Tanaka, Seiji Umemoto, Shinji Kawahara, Kyoko Umeji, Masunori Matsuzaki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
272 EARLY VIRAL RESPONSE OF CONTROLLED-RELEASE INTERFERON ALPHA2B AND RIBAVIRIN VS. PEGYLATED-INTERFERON ALPHA2B AND RIBAVIRIN IN TREATMENT-NAIVE GENOTYPE1 HEPATITIS C: 12 WEEK RESULTS (SELECT-2 TRIAL)
Authors: E. Lawitz, Z. Younossi, P. Mehra, A. Rigney, Z. Krastev, K. Tchernev, D. Takov, W.A. Long
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Volatile organic compounds as breath biomarkers for active and passive smoking.
Authors: Sydney M Gordon, Lance A Wallace, Marielle C Brinkman, Patrick J Callahan, Donald V Kenny
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

We used real-time breath measurement technology to investigate the suitability of some volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as breath biomarkers for active and passive smoking and to measure actual exposures and resulting breath concentrations for persons exposed to tobacco smoke. Experiments were conducted with five smoker/nonsmoker pairs. The target VOCs included benzene, 1,3-butadiene, and the cigarette smoke biomarker 2,5-dimethylfuran. This study includes what we believe to be the first measurements of 1,3-butadiene in smokers' and nonsmokers' breath. The 1,3-butadiene and 2,5-dimethylfuran peak levels in the smokers' breath were similar (360 and 376 microg/m(3), respectively); the average benzene peak level was 522 microg/m(3). We found higher peak values of the target chemicals and shorter residence times in the body than previously reported, probably because of the improved time resolution made possible by the continuous breath measurement method. The real-time breath analyzer also showed the presence of the chemicals after exposure in the breath of the nonsmokers, but at greatly reduced levels. Single breath samples collected in evacuated canisters and analyzed independently with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of the target compounds in the postexposure breath of the nonsmokers but indicated that there was some contamination of the breath analyzer measurements. This was likely caused by desorption of organics from condensed tar in the analyzer tubing and on the quartz fiber filter used to remove particles. We used the decay data from the smokers to estimate residence times for the target chemicals. A two-compartment exponential model generally gave a better fit to the experimental decay data from the smokers than a single-compartment model. Residence times for benzene, 1,3-butadiene, and 2,5-dimethylfuran ranged from 0.5 (1,3-butadiene) to 0.9 min (benzene) for tau1 and were essentially constant (14 min) for tau2. These findings will be useful in models of environmental tobacco smoke exposure and risk.
Right ventricular load transcriptionally activates the F1-ATP synthase β-subunit in vivo and a cis-region of its gene is inducible by hypertrophic stimuli in cardiocytes
Authors: Terrence X. O'Brien, Donald R. Menick, Mary S. Rackley, John D. Rozich, Paul J. McDermott, George Cooper
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Surgeons as Hospital Employees
Authors: Lena M. Napolitano
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Whole-body lipolysis and triglyceride-fatty acid cycling in cachectic patients with esophageal cancer.
Authors: S Klein, R R Wolfe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Whole-body lipolytic rates and the rate of triglyceride-fatty acid cycling (reesterification of fatty acids released during lipolysis) were measured with stable isotopic tracers in the basal state and during beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol infusion in five cachectic patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, five cachectic cancer-free, nutritionally-matched control patients, and 10 healthy volunteers. Resting energy expenditure and plasma catecholamines were normal in all three groups. The basal rate of glycerol appearance in blood in the patients with cancer (2.96 +/- 0.45 mumol.kg-1.min-1) was similar to that in the nutritionally matched controls (3.07 +/- 0.28 mumol.kg-1.min-1), but 48% greater than in the normal-weight volunteers (2.00 +/- 0.16 mumol.kg-1.min-1) (P = 0.028). The antilipolytic effect of propranolol and the rate of triglyceride-fatty acid cycling in the patients with cancer were also similar in the cachectic control group and approximately 50% greater than in the normal-weight volunteers, but the differences were not statistically significant because of the variability in the data. We conclude that the increase in lipolysis and triglyceride-fatty acid cycling in "unstressed" cachectic patients with esophageal cancer is due to alterations in their nutritional status rather than the presence of tumor itself. Increased beta-adrenergic activity may be an important contributor to the stimulation of lipolysis.
Do psychiatric registrars take a proper drinking history?
Authors: M P Farrell, A S David
Journal: BMJ (1988)

<h3><b>Background</b></h3> The STarT Back Screening Tool (SBT) was recently developed for primary care providers to use as a screening tool for subgrouping people with low back pain (LBP) on the basis of modifiable prognostic factors. The use of the SBT in physical therapy has not been described. <h3><b>Objective</b></h3> The aims of this study were to describe the use of the SBT in people receiving physical therapy for LBP and to describe patterns of change in clinical outcomes across the episode of care and among SBT categories. <h3><b>Design</b></h3> This study was a prospective case series. <h3><b>Methods</b></h3> A total of 214 patients receiving physical therapy for LBP were administered the SBT at the initial evaluation. Treatment was at the physical therapist9s discretion. Clinical outcomes included pain intensity and disability scores collected at each session. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and baseline characteristics among SBT categories were compared. Hierarchical linear mixed models were used to examine patterns of change in predicted outcomes across the episode of care. <h3><b>Results</b></h3> The patients9 mean age was 44.3 years (SD=15.8), and 56.5% were women. The SBT categorized 33.2% of the patients as being at low risk, 47.7% as being at medium risk, and 19.2% as being at high risk. The high-risk category corresponded to the highest initial pain intensity and disability scores. The low-risk category corresponded to the lowest initial pain intensity and disability scores. Linear mixed models indicated different patterns of change in outcome scores for pain intensity (F=3.99) and disability (F=3.49) among SBT categories. Relative to the low-risk category, the high-risk category had larger improvements in predicted outcomes and the medium-risk category had similar improvements in predicted outcomes. <h3><b>Limitations</b></h3> The SBT was not administered to 24% of eligible patients. The timing of follow-up assessments was variable. <h3><b>Conclusions</b></h3> The SBT may provide important prognostic information for physical therapists.
634 IMPACT OF THE DRUG USE AND SUBSTITUTION TREATMENTS ON THE ANTIVIRAL TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS C: ANALYSIS OF ADHERENCE, VIROLOGICAL RESPONSE AND QUALITY OF LIFE
Authors: P. Melin, J.-P. Lang, D. Ouzan, M. Chousterman, M. Varastet, M. Rotily, T. Fontanges, P. Marcellin, P. Cacoub
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Tobacco Advertising in the United States
Authors: Ronald Bayer, Lawrence O. Gostin, Gail H. Javitt, Allan Brandt
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Lorillard Tobacco Co. v Reilly is the latest in a series of Supreme Court cases striking down public health regulation of advertising as a violation of the First Amendment. In its decision, the Supreme Court significantly reduced the scope of constitutionally acceptable forms of regulation of tobacco advertising and created an almost insoluble dilemma for public health authorities. Control over advertising, along with taxes and restrictions on smoking in public settings, plays an important role in the public health response to tobacco. Those committed to reducing the patterns of cigarette-related morbidity and mortality should broaden their advertising-related strategies and consider the role that greater disclosure of the health harms of tobacco can have on reducing consumption. Toward this end, we propose a comprehensive system of taxation and regulation designed to increase public appreciation and comprehension of the health risks of cigarettes. First, we consider a tax to be levied on tobacco advertising and promotion or, as an alternative, a new excise tax, the proceeds of which would be used exclusively to fund a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-directed national antitobacco campaign. Second, all print advertising should be required to carry public health warnings equivalent to 50% of the space devoted to the advertisement. Third, manufacturers should be required to devote one full side of cigarette packages to graphic pictorials displaying the dangers of smoking. The tobacco industry would no doubt respond by declaring such efforts an unwarranted burden, an example of constitutionally suspect compelled speech. However, this would be a battle worth engaging, because it might have an impact on tobacco-related morbidity and mortality in the United States.
Association Between the Use of Fondaparinux vs Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Non–ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Karolina Szummer, Jonas Oldgren, Lars Lindhagen, Juan Jesus Carrero, Marie Evans, Jonas Spaak, Robert Edfors, Stefan H Jacobson, Pontus Andell, Lars Wallentin, Tomas Jernberg
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Fondaparinux was associated with reduced major bleeding events and improved survival compared with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in a large randomized clinical trial involving patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Large-scale experience of the use of fondaparinux vs LMWH in a nontrial setting is lacking.To study the association between the use of fondaparinux vs LMWH and outcomes in patients with NSTEMI in Sweden.Prospective multicenter cohort study from the Swedish Web-System for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-Based Care in Heart Disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies registry involving 40,616 consecutive patients with NSTEMI who received fondaparinux or LMWH between September 1, 2006, through June 30, 2010, with the last follow-up on December 31, 2010.In-hospital treatment with fondaparinux or LMWH during the hospital stay.In-hospital severe bleeding events and death and 30- and 180-day death, MI, stroke, and major bleeding events. Logistic regression models adjusted for calendar time, admitting hospital, baseline characteristics, and in-hospital revascularization.In total, 14,791 patients (36.4%) were treated with fondaparinux and 25,825 (63.6%) with LMWH. One hundred sixty-five patients (1.1%) in the fondaparinux group vs 461 patients (1.8%) in the LMWH group experienced in-hospital bleeding events (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.54; 95% CI, 0.42-0.70). A total of 394 patients (2.7%) in the fondaparinux group died while in the hospital vs 1022 (4.0%) in the LMWH group (adjusted OR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.63-0.89). The differences in major bleeding events and mortality between the 2 treatments were similar at 30 and 180 days. There were no significant differences in the number of recurrent MI and stroke events at 30 or 180 days among the 2 treatment groups.In routine clinical care of patients with NSTEMI, fondaparinux was associated with lower odds than LMWH of major bleeding events and death both in-hospital and up to 180 days afterward.
Reprogramming of mouse somatic cells into pluripotent stem-like cells using a combination of small molecules
Authors: Phil Jun Kang, Jai-Hee Moon, Byung Sun Yoon, Solji Hyeon, Eun Kyoung Jun, Gyuman Park, Wonjin Yun, Jiyong Park, Minji Park, Aeree Kim, Kwang Youn Whang, Gou Young Koh, Sejong Oh, Seungkwon You
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)