tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute Renal Failure Following Hexol-Induced Abortion
Authors: Daniel L. Gornel
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Identifying dominant modifiers of mutant FUS toxicity in vivo
Authors: J Gavin Daigle, Nicholas A Lanson, Ian Casci, John Monaghan, Charles Nichols, Dimitri Kryndushkin, Frank Shewmaker, Udai Pandey
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2013)

FUS is a DNA/RNA binding protein found to be mutated in some cases of both sporadic and familial forms of ALS. It is still not clear how ALS-causing mutations in FUS leads to motor neuron degeneration. Here, we exploited a Drosophila model and mammalian neuronal cell lines to elucidate the role of the RNA-binding ability of FUS in regulating FUS-mediated toxicity. To determine the role of the RNA binding ability of FUS in ALS, we mutated FUS RNA binding sites (F305, F341, F359, F368) to leucines and generated RNA binding-incompetent mutants (4F-L) with and without ALS causing mutations R518K or R521C. We found that mutating 4F to L residues makes FUS RNA binding-incompetent. We observed that ectopic expression of RNA binding-incompetent FUS in fly brain, eyes and motor neurons strongly blocks neurodegenerative phenotypes as compared to RNA-binding-competent FUS carrying ALS causing mutations. Interestingly, RNA-binding deficient FUS strongly localized to the nucleus of Drosophila motor neurons and mammalian neuronal cells whereas FUS carrying ALS linked mutations was distributed to the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Importantly, we found that incorporation of mutant FUS into stress granules is dependent on the RNA-binding ability of FUS. SGs are dynamic aggregates composed of proteins and RNA that are formed when cells are under a variety of stresses. We observed that normally cytoplasmic SGs rapidly disassemble when stress conditions end, whereas cytoplasmic SGs formed in ALS patient cells having a FUS mutation fail to disassemble. This suggests that mutant FUS sequesters proteins and RNAs important for cellular homeostasis and the defect in disassembly of cytoplasmic SGs contributes to ALS. Finally, following up these observations we performed an in vivo unbiased genetic screen that led to the discovery of several dominant modifiers of mutant FUS toxicity including proteins involved in regulating SG dynamics, mitochondrial functions and RNA splicing. These genetic modifiers would help in identifying potential therapeutic targets for ALS.
Malignant Bone Tumors
Authors: David C. Dahlin
Journal: JAMA (1977)

This book provides general discussions useful to those who want to learn details concerning bone tumors. The chapter by Sissons indicates the necessity of having diagnoses that are specific and reproducible enough that international, meaningful comparisons of incidence and treatment results can be made. Ackerman and Uehlinger have indicated the difficulties in assessing osseous lesions and the importance of correlating roentgenographic with histologic features. The comparisons of human tumors of bone with those of other species are interesting and may prove valuable. The problems involved with experimental production of tumors are well outlined. It is doubtful that electron microscopic, cytologic, and cytochemical studies will attain general usefulness unless definite and reproducible criteria can be documented and disseminated. Immunologic studies related to these types of tumors are provided the reader. Treatment of benign and malignant tumors is detailed in six chapters. Reliable data on results of treatment are not yet available.
EVALUATION OF CONVULSIVE AND SUBCONVULSIVE SHOCK THERAPIES UTILIZING A CONTROL GROUP
Authors: GEORGE A. ULETT, KATHLEEN SMITH, GOLDINE C. GLESER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1956)

1. Convulsive photoshock is an effective treatment procedure. 2. The convulsive seizure, whether produced by electric or photo-chemical means, has therapeutic value in the treatment of affective psychosis. 3. Periods of induced paroxysmal brain wave activity alone ( subconvulsive treatment) without subsequent convulsion resulted in no improvement beyond that produced by the psychotherapeutic effect of routine hospital care. 4. The amount of postshock confusion is not related to recovery and clouds the picture when immediate evaluation of treatment is desired. Postshock confusion was less frequently noted after photoshock than after an equal number of electroshock treatments. 5. Fear of treatment did not play a role in producing remission from psychotic symptoms. 6. Evidence is discussed suggesting that convulsions produced by different means may have different modes of action in the central nervous system thus accounting for differences in recovery rate, degree of alteration of convulsive threshold, and amount of mental confusion.
Comparative bio-availability of proprietary topical corticosteroid preparations; vasoconstrictor assays on thirty creams and gels
Authors: B. W. BARRY, R. WOODFORD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Thirty proprietary corticosteroid creams and gels were evaluated for vasoconstriction using an occluded blanching test. The method differed from previous investigators' in employing a more sensitive estimation of pallor and more reading times in order to determine the complete blanching profile. The results were expressed as three parameters: (1) area under the blanching curve, (2) summed % total possible score, and (3) square root transformation of sum of scores divided by number of volunteers; the last permitted statistical differentiation between the preparations. Experiments were performed to (a) compare the bio-availability of the formulations, (b) determine the effect of antimicrobial additives, and (c) assess the retention of steroids in the skin. Scores for the additive-containing and ‘plain’ preparations were within 90% except for Tri-Adcortyl/Adcortyl (78%) and Locorten-Vioform/ Locorten (53%). A steroid reservoir in the skin was demonstrated for up to 14 days. Selected preparations were re-tested by a non-occluded method and the results compared with those obtained by the occluded procedure.
A Psychiatric Track Program: Design and Experience
Authors: PAUL JAY FINK, RICHARD E. HICKS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

The design, implementation, and first year's experience in the operation of a psychiatry track program for medical students is discussed, with particular attention to the educational objectives of the track; the inclusion of a 12-week multidisciplinary period of seminars in anthropology, sociology, psychology, psychopharmacology, neuropathology, neuroanatomy, genetics, human sexuality, and psychopathology; and a system of clinical electives permitting the students considerable flexibility in focusing or diversifying their clinical experience.
The effect of lidocaine on reentry within the His-Purkinje system in man.
Authors: J N Ruskin, M Akhtar, A N Damato, J R Foster
Journal: Circulation (1980)

The effects of intravenous lidocaine were assessed in 11 patients with normal intraventricular conduction in whom reentry within the His-Purkinje system (RE-HPS) occurred consistently over a narrow range of ventricular (S1S2) coupling intervals. RE-HPS was characterized by a spontaneous beat (V3) inducible by critically timed premature stimuli (S2) during constant ventricular drive (S1S1), and was dependent upon critical retrograde conduction delay within the HPS (S2H2 interval). Lidocaine abolished RE-HPS in six of 11 patients (group 1) and shortened the zone of RE-HPS in five of 11 patients (group 2). In group 1 after lidocaine, critical S2H2 intervals for RE-HPS were not attained at any S1S2 in four patients and critical S2H2 intervals were equaled but not exceeded in two patients without resulting in RE-HPS. In group 2 after lidocaine. RE-HPS was present in all patients at S2H2 intervals comparable to control values; however, significantly closer S1S2 intervals were necessary to achieve these requisite S2H2 delays (p < 0.005). The longest S2H2 intervals at comparable S1S2 intervals were significantly shortened by lidocaine in 11 of 11 patients (p < 0.001). Thus, lidocaine causes a significant decrease in retrograde refractoriness within the HPS in patients with normal intraventricular conduction.
German health reform likely to raise costs for patients
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Germany's healthcare reforms that took effect at the beginning of this month look set to drive up the cost of annual health insurance for the average family by several hundred euros, instead of substantially cutting the fees as intended.

Health insurance fees, half of which are paid for by employers, currently range from 12.6% to 14.9% of annual income, but health economist Rolf Rosenbrock, professor of social sciences and public health at the Technical University in Berlin and member of the Advisory Council for the Concerted Action in Health Care at the German health ministry, predicts in the latest issue of the …
Ordering Laboratory Tests
Authors: Joe Rutledge
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Of the reasons cited by Dr Lundberg for ordering laboratory tests (1983;249:639), perhaps the least supportable and of least potential benefit to the patient is<i>habit</i>. Before September 1982, our laboratory, supporting a 160-bed, tertiary care, pediatric teaching hospital, performed an average of four urine chloride determinations daily. While fluid and electrolyte derangements are common in our patient population, disorders in which urine chloride analysis is said to be helpful<sup>1,2</sup>are not common and could not account for the number ordered. This phenomenon has been previously documented in a study of 47 requests for urine chloride determinations, of which only one was clinically indicated.<sup>3</sup>Despite my addressing this discrepancy informally among the clinical house staff, no reduction was achieved. Most house staff wrote orders for "urine lytes," a phrase translated by the nurses and ward clerks (who actually submitted the laboratory requests) to mean the
Linguistic Acculturation and Skin Cancer–Related Behaviors Among Hispanics in the Southern and Western United States
Authors: Elliot J. Coups, Jerod L. Stapleton, Shawna V. Hudson, Amanda Medina-Forrester, Stephen A. Rosenberg, Marsha A. Gordon, Ana Natale-Pereira, James S. Goydos
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Objective: To examine the association between linguistic acculturation (assessed using the Language Use and Linguistic Preference subscales from the Bidimensional Acculturation Scale for Hispanics) and skin cancerrelated behaviors among US Hispanic adults to determine whether, compared with Hispanics denoted as Spanish-acculturated, English-acculturated Hispanics would report less frequent shade seeking and use of sun protective clothing and higher rates of sunscreen use, sunbathing, and indoor tanning.Design: Online survey study conducted in September 2011.Setting: Five southern and western US states.Participants: A population-based sample of 788 Hispanic adults drawn from a nationally representative web panel.Main Outcome Measures: Self-reported sunscreen use, shade seeking, use of
Abstract 5407: Milk derived exosomes: Scalable source of biologically active drug delivery nanoparticles
Authors: Farrukh Aqil, Radha Munagala, Jeyaprakash Jeyabalan, Ramesh C. Gupta
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Exosomes are biological nanoparticles and found in almost all the body fluids. They shuttle in and out of cells, are comprised of lipid bilayers, and carry a cargo of macromolecules. Because of the nano size (30-100 nm) these natural vesicles are being explored as nanodevices for the development of new therapeutic applications. Here we show bovine milk as a scalable source of exosomes and as a drug delivery vehicle for small molecules - both lipophilic and hydrophilic. The exosomes were isolated by differential centrifugation with the size generally ranging from 30-100 nm as analyzed by NanoSight and confirmed by electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The identity of exosomes was confirmed by surface protein markers (CD63, CD81), buoyant floatation density (1.12 g/ml) determined by sucrose density gradient, and high content of immune-related miRNAs and mRNA as determined by PCR. Exosomes, suspended in PBS, and stored frozen (-80°C) were found to be stable in terms of their size and biological activities. Milk exosomes loaded with fluorescent dye were readily taken up by macrophages and human cancer cells in vitro and distributed in the various tissues of nude mice following treatment with gavage and i.v. routes. Imaging of various tissues collected after euthanasia showed a broad tissue distribution of the exosomes delivered via the oral route, whereas exosome concentration predominated in the liver when administered by the i.v. route. Both lipophilic and hydrophilic chemopreventive (curcumin, withaferin A, anthocyanidins, and punicalagins, etc.) and chemotherapeutic (paclitaxel and docetaxel) agents could be loaded onto exosomes with 8%-60% drug load with respect to exosomal protein content. Drug-exosomal formulations showed significantly higher antiproliferative activity against lung, breast and ovarian cancer cells versus the free drugs. The drug formulation also showed significantly higher tissue drug levels, and enhanced anti-inflammatory and antitumor activity versus the free drug. Intriguingly, in the absence of any drug, the milk exosomes showed anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities in cancer cells, suggesting the presence of protective factors in the milk exosomes (e.g., miRNAs); this notion corroborates the epidemiological and experimental findings of the presence of built-in immune factors in milk. (Supported from USPHS grants CA-118114 and CA-125152, Kentucky Lung Cancer Research Program, Agnes Brown Duggan Endowment, and Helmsley Funds). Citation Format: Farrukh Aqil, Radha Munagala, Jeyaprakash Jeyabalan, Ramesh C. Gupta. Milk derived exosomes: Scalable source of biologically active drug delivery nanoparticles. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5407. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5407
Clinical outcome of patients with acute myocardial infarction randomized to either coronary stenting plus abciximab or fibrinolysis plus abciximab (STOPAMI-2 Trial)
Authors: Albert Schoemig, Adnan Kastrati, Julinda Mehilli, Josef Dirschinger, Ullrich Schricke, Jodi Neverve, Jürgen Pache, Stefan Martinoff, Franz-Josef Neumann, Stephan Nekolla, Rudolf Blasini, Melchior Seyfarth, Markus Schwaiger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Lipopolysaccharide is a potent monocyte/macrophage-specific stimulator of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 expression.
Authors: R J Pomerantz, M B Feinberg, D Trono, D Baltimore
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) potently stimulates human immunodeficiency virus type 1-long terminal repeat (HIV-1-LTR) CAT constructs transfected into monocyte/macrophage-like cell lines but not a T cell line. This effect appears to be mediated through the induction of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B). Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrate that LPS induces a DNA binding activity indistinguishable from NF-kappa B in U937 and THP-1 cells. LPS is also shown to dramatically increase HIV-1 production from a chronically infected monocyte/macrophage-like cloned cell line, U1, which produces very low levels of HIV-1 at baseline. The stimulation of viral production from this cell line occurs only if these cells are treated with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) before treatment with LPS. This stimulation of HIV-1 production is correlated with an increase in the level of HIV-1 RNA and and activation of NF-kappa B. LPS is not able to induce HIV-1 production in a cloned T cell line. The effect of LPS on HIV-1 replication occurs at picogram per milliliter concentrations and may be clinically significant in understanding the variability of the natural history of HIV-1 infection.
Doctors in Syria are being forced to treat patients in secret, charity says
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The medical charity Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) has warned that the Syrian regime is using doctors and healthcare facilities as “tools of repression” and doctors are being forced to treat patients clandestinely.

The charity held a press conference in Paris on 8 February where it showed video testimonies of patients who had escaped for treatment to neighbouring Jordan and Lebanon. It says it cannot verify any of the patients’ statements but “given the recurring nature, the consistency and the severity of the acts described” MSF decided to make the testimonies public.

The charity does not have any official presence in Syria but it has made contact with doctors and other healthcare staff in the country to whom it has sent medical supplies.

The conflict in Syria has intensified in recent days and there have been reports of hospitals and clinics being targeted by the military.

The …
Overt and Latent Cardiac Effects of Ozone Inhalation in Rats: Evidence for Autonomic Modulation and Increased Myocardial Vulnerability
Authors: Aimen K. Farraj, Mehdi S. Hazari, Darrell W. Winsett, Anthony Kulukulualani, Alex P. Carll, Najwa Haykal-Coates, Christina M. Lamb, Edwin Lappi, Dock Terrell, Wayne E. Cascio, Daniel L. Costa
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Background: Ozone (O3) is a well-documented respiratory oxidant, but increasing epidemiological evidence points to extrapulmonary effects, including positive associations between ambient O3 concentrations and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.Objective: With preliminary reports linking O3 exposure with changes in heart rate (HR), we investigated the hypothesis that a single inhalation exposure to O3 will cause concentration-dependent autonomic modulation of cardiac function in rats.Methods: Rats implanted with telemeters to monitor HR and cardiac electrophysiology [electrocardiography (ECG)] were exposed once by whole-body inhalation for 4 hr to 0.2 or 0.8 ppm O3 or filtered air. A separate cohort was tested for vulnerability to aconitine-induced arrhythmia 24 hr after exposure.Results: Exposure to 0.8 ppm O3 caused bradycardia, PR prolongation, ST depression, and substantial increases in atrial premature beats, sinoatrial block, and atrioventricular block, accompanied by concurrent increases in several HR variability parameters that were suggestive of increased parasympathetic tone. Low-O3 exposure failed to elicit any overt changes in autonomic tone, heart rhythm, or ECG. However, both 0.2 and 0.8 ppm O3 increased sensitivity to aconitine-induced arrhythmia formation, suggesting a latent O3-induced alteration in myocardial excitability.Conclusions: O3 exposure causes several alterations in cardiac electrophysiology that are likely mediated by modulation of autonomic input to the heart. Moreover, exposure to low O3 concentrations may cause subclinical effects that manifest only when triggered by a stressor, suggesting that the adverse health effects of ambient levels of air pollutants may be insidious and potentially underestimated.
Beat frequency of cilia from sites of purulent infection.
Authors: R Wilson, D A Sykes, D Currie, P J Cole
Journal: Thorax (1986)

Mucociliary clearance depends on the interaction between cilia and mucus; it is delayed in the presence of purulent secretions. Nasal mucociliary clearance was examined by the saccharin method and nasal ciliary beat frequency by a photometric technique. Four groups were studied: normal controls, patients with bronchiectasis without nasal symptoms, patients with chronic mucopurulent sinusitis alone, and patients with chronic mucopurulent sinusitis and bronchiectasis. Nasal mucociliary clearance was prolonged in infected patients. Cilia obtained from the site of purulent secretions were found to beat more slowly in vitro (mucopurulent sinusitis 12.1 Hz, mucopurulent sinusitis and bronchiectasis 11.6 Hz), than those obtained from normal controls (14.3 Hz) and from patients with bronchiectasis alone (13.6 Hz). The cause of the ciliary slowing seemed most likely to be the release of host factors during the inflammatory response, rather than the particular organism isolated. Ciliary slowing may contribute to the observed delay of mucociliary clearance in conditions in which purulent secretions are present.
SERUM FOR INFANTILE PARALYSIS
Authors: George Draper
Journal: JAMA (1925)

To the Editor:  —In view of the definite increase in the number of cases of infantile paralysis in the various parts of the country this summer, it may be of interest to know that serum from patients who have recovered has been used recently with several satisfactory results. A child, aged 4½ years, developed typical preparalytic symptoms; a lumbar puncture was done and spinal fluid containing 500 cells to the cubic millimeter was found. At the time of the puncture the patient had a temperature of 102, was toxic and showed the typical muscular twitchings that belong to this stage of the disease and indicate the penetration of the central nervous system by the virus. Fifteen cubic centimeters of serum from a patient who had recovered was run into the spinal canal, and immediately thereafter 50 c.c. was given intravenously. At the end of four and a half hours a
US publishes first global health strategy to improve health of Americans and rest of the world
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The US Department of Health and Human Services has published its first ever global health strategy, recognising the fact that the health of its citizens is more closely linked to the health of people in the rest of the world than ever before. 

The strategy, published on 5 January, says, “This interconnectedness offers both opportunities and challenges. A disease outbreak in a distant country can threaten the health of Americans at home, just as a discovery made in a foreign country can lead to better treatment for diseases affecting Americans. Greater movement of people and of products—including foods, feed, drugs, and medical devices—can increase exposure to potential health risks originating outside the United States. But this mobility can also make life-saving care …