tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EVENTS AFTER THE BINDING OF ANTIGEN TO LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: Kenneth A. Ault, Emil R. Unanue
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1974)

The behavior of the immunoglobulin antigen receptor on lymphocytes was studied using both fluorescent antiimmunoglobulin antibody to detect B cells and autoradiography with radiolabeled antigens to detect antigen-binding cells. It was shown that after binding of antiimmunoglobulin antibody to the lymphocyte there was a rapid loss of surface immunoglobulin and then a progressive reappearance over 18 h. This could be quantitated using an inhibition assay for surface immunoglobulin. Similarly, after binding various dinitrophenyl-conjugated proteins or keyhole limpet hemocyanin to their specific antigen-binding cells, there was a loss of the antigen receptor from the surface and then a progressive reappearance of the receptor. The reappearance of surface immunoglobulin and of the antigen receptor proceeded at about the same rate. Repeated exposure to antibody or prolonged exposure to antigen did not diminish the capacity of the lymphocyte to re-express its receptor. These events, which follow the interaction of antigen and its receptor, are of possible importance in understanding the mechanism of triggering of the immune response and of tolerance.
Clinical observations on intensive immunosuppressive therapy combined with umbilical cord blood support for the treatment of severe aplastic anemia
Authors: Fang Zhou, Linfu Ge, Zhe Yu, Yuan Fang, Fansheng Kong
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2011)

To evaluate the efficacy of enhanced, intensive, immuno-suppressive therapy with umbilical cord blood support for severe aplastic anemia (SAA).A total of 25 patients with SAA received enhanced, intensive, immuno-suppressive therapy and a cord blood transfusion. Therapy protocol: Anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) 2.5 mg/(kg•d) × 5d; Cyclophosphamide 50 mg/(kg•d) × 2d; cyclosporin A (CsA) maintenance therapy.25 patients were enrolled. 18 underwent a complete recovery, 4 made significant improvements, 1 did not respond, and 2 died. Therefore, the efficacy rate was 88%. The median follow-up time was 35 months (range 13-47 months), and the 3-year overall survival rate was 92%. Patients rapidly achieved reconstitution of hematopoiesis. The median time to neutrophil ANC > 0.5 × 109/L was 18 days (range 8-36), platelets >20 × 109/L was 34 days (range 12-123), and Hb > 100 g/L 95 days (range 35-173).Enhanced, intensive, immuno-suppressive therapy with umbilical cord blood support may be an effective option for SAA therapy.
Transient Transgene Expression of Decorin in the Lung Reduces the Fibrotic Response to Bleomycin
Authors: MARTIN KOLB, PETER J. MARGETTS, TOM GALT, PATRICIA J. SIME, ZHOU XING, MICHAEL SCHMIDT, JACK GAULDIE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic progressive disease with no effective therapy. Transforming growth factor β (TGF- β ) is thought to be a key profibrotic mediator and blocking its activity is therefore one of the targets of new treatment strategies for fibrosis. Decorin is an endogenous proteoglycan and one of the known inhibitors of TGF- β . The short half-life of peptide-based therapeutics makes gene transfer a promising approach to achieve prolonged protein levels in the lung. Replication-deficient adenovirus was used to deliver decorin transgene (AdDec) to the airways by a single intranasal injection in a murine bleomycin model of lung fibrosis. The ability of vector-derived decorin to inhibit TGF- β was examined in a bioassay and its effect on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis was determined by histomorphology and lung hydroxyproline. In vitro, supernatant from cells infected with AdDec abrogated the bioactivity of TGF- β in a dose-dependent manner whereas control virus (AdDL70) had no effect. In vivo, treatment of bleomycin-injected mice with AdDec substantially reduced the fibrogenic response compared with control virus (hydroxyproline: bleomycin/AdDec, 1.96 μ g/mg; bleomycin/AdDL70, 3.05 μ g/mg; p = 0.0005). These results suggest that a single administration of AdDec was able to generate a local pulmonary environment that effectively blocked the fibrogenic response to bleomycin by inhibition of TGF- β .
Focus on performance indicators
Authors: S. Lowry
Journal: BMJ (1988)

three quarters of the population thought that AIDS was "very frightening."This varied considerably according to age, with fear among young people increasing from 68% in 1986 to 80% in 1987.Finally, nearly all of the population and 99% of 15-24 year olds understood that AIDS can be transmitted by drug misusers sharing needles.*Surgical specialties only.**Mental institutions and mental hospitals only.
Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Biopsy Using Novel Thin Bronchoscope for Diagnosis of Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions
Authors: Masahide Oki, Hideo Saka, Chiyoe Kitagawa, Yoshihito Kogure, Kouki Mori, Shigehisa Kajikawa
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Melanoma-associated markers expression in blood: MUC-18 is associated with advanced stages in melanoma patients
Authors: M.C. Rapanotti, L. Bianchi, I. Ricozzi, E. Campione, A. Pierantozzi, A. Orlandi, S. Chimenti, G. Federici, S. Bernardini
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Multimarker reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was originally reported to reveal melanoma-associated mRNAs (MAMs) in melanoma cells but not in the peripheral blood of healthy individuals.To evaluate the expression of MAMs in the peripheral blood of melanoma patients at different American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stages, and to correlate their presence with early and/or advanced stages of the disease.One hundred blood samples of melanoma patients (AJCC I-IV) were analysed using multimarker RT-PCR to assess the co-expression of Tyr-OH, MART-1, MAGE-3, MUC-18/MCAM and p97. Patients were stratified into two disease categories: early and advanced stages. The former includes in situ and melanoma stages AJCC I-II, the latter AJCC III-IV. chi(2) and Fisher's exact tests were used to statistically evaluate the association between each MAM and disease categories. The recognized significant associations were subsequently resubmitted to univariate logistic regression. Furthermore, sensitivity and specificity were established.At least one MAM could be detected in 24% of our series. Tyr-OH was the most common marker (14%), followed by MUC-18 (12%), MART-1 (5%), MAGE-3 (4%) and p97 (3%). No significant association among Tyr-OH, MART-1, MAGE-3, p97 and disease stages were evidenced. Only MUC-18 was statistically associated (P < 0.009) with advanced stages alone or co-expressed with other MAMs. According to logistic regression univariate analysis, MUC-18 increases the probability (odds ratio: 33) being in advanced stages and the incidence of recurrences (95% CI 2.9-374).MUC-18 RT-PCR assay could be proposed as an adjunctive molecular method in the management of melanoma patients and is useful in the monitoring of study protocols.
Late Intervention with a Myeloperoxidase Inhibitor Stops Progression of Experimental Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Andrew Churg, Caroline V. Marshall, Don D. Sin, Sarah Bolton, Steven Zhou, Katherine Thain, Elaine B. Cadogan, Justine Maltby, Matthew G. Soars, Philip R. Mallinder, Joanne L. Wright
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

Inflammation and oxidative stress are linked to the deleterious effects of cigarette smoke in producing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a neutrophil and macrophage product, is important in bacterial killing, but also drives inflammatory reactions and tissue oxidation.To determine the role of MPO in COPD.We treated guinea pigs with a 2-thioxanthine MPO inhibitor, AZ1, in a 6-month cigarette smoke exposure model, with one group receiving compound from Smoking Day 1 and another group treated after 3 months of smoke exposure.At 6 months both treatments abolished smoke-induced increases in lavage inflammatory cells, largely ameliorated physiological changes, and prevented or stopped progression of morphologic emphysema and small airway remodeling. Cigarette smoke caused a marked increase in immunohistochemical staining for the myeloperoxidase-generated protein oxidation marker dityrosine, and this effect was considerably decreased with both treatment arms. Serum 8-isoprostane, another marker of oxidative stress, showed similar trends. Both treatments also prevented muscularization of the small intrapulmonary arteries, but only partially ameliorated smoke-induced pulmonary hypertension. Acutely, AZ1 prevented smoke-induced increases in expression of cytokine mediators and nuclear factor-κB binding.We conclude that an MPO inhibitor is able to stop progression of emphysema and small airway remodeling and to partially protect against pulmonary hypertension, even when treatment starts relatively late in the course of long-term smoke exposure, suggesting that inhibition of MPO may be a novel and useful therapeutic treatment for COPD. Protection appears to relate to inhibition of oxidative damage and down-regulation of the smoke-induced inflammatory response.
Homeostatic Limits to Safe Parenteral Fluid Therapy
Authors: Nathan B. Talbot, John D. Crawford, Allan M. Butler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

A LEGEND displayed over the old apothecary shop in Williamsburg, Virginia, reads, "Deus major agit." When Walter Cannon entitled his book on homeostatic reactions The Wisdom of the Body he re-emphasized the role of innate forces in healing. The present report explores the possibility of so designing parenteral fluid therapy that patients may make full use of their homeostatic mechanisms during the critical period when the physician's order, rather than instinct, prescribes water and solute intake.The following sections deal, respectively, with the homeostatic mechanisms pertinent to the water, sodium, potassium, phosphate and dextrose needs of patients whose illness prescribes . . .
Study of Chloride Transport Across the Rabbit Cortical Collecting Tubule
Authors: Michael J. Hanley, Juha P. Kokko
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Recent micropuncture studies have suggested that the collecting tubule may be involved in the regulation of extracellular fluid volume. The present studies were designed to evaluate chloride transport across the in vitro-perfused rabbit cortical collecting tubule inasmuch as chloride ion would ultimately affect extracellular fluid volume. The tubules were perfused and bathed with artificial solutions simulating ultrafiltrate. Four groups of studies were conducted. In groups one and two, tubules from rabbits not receiving desoxycorticosterone (DOCA) were compared to tubules from rabbits which had received DOCA (5 mg/day) for 1 wk. In groups three and four, tubules were obtained only from rabbits not receiving DOCA. In group one, sequential bidirectional chloride fluxes were measured. The ratio of chloride efflux to influx was 0.99±0.04 in tubules obtained from rabbits not receiving DOCA whereas it was 1.28±0.09 in tubules obtained from rabbits receiving DOCA, suggesting stimulation of net chloride flux under these conditions. In group 2, chemical chloride concentration and osmolality of the collected fluid were measured. Neither the chemical chloride concentration nor the osmolality of the collected fluid decreased significantly below their respective perfusion fluid values in tubules from non-DOCA-treated rabbits but there was a significant decrease in the chemical chloride concentration (10-42 meq/liter) and osmolality (10-42 mosmol/kg H2O of the collected fluid in tubules from DOCA-treated rabbits. In group three, unidirectional chloride permeabilities from lumen-to-bath were determined during the passage of current down the perfusion pipette. The alterations of the average lumen potential, −35±4 and +28±2 mV, did not influence unidirectional chloride movement suggesting that the cortical collecting tubule is quite impermeable to chloride. In group four, unidirectional chloride permeability from lumen-to-bath was measured before and after substitution of NaCH3SO4 for sodium chloride in the bath. Replacement of chloride by CH3SO4 reversibly decreased the apparent chloride permeability from 2.41±0.50 to 0.69±0.08 (×10−5 cm/s) demonstrating that 36Cl permeability is dependent on the chemical concentration of chloride.
Innovation and Implementation in Cardiovascular Medicine
Authors: Patrick T. O’Gara, William J. Oetgen
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Emergency Management of the Obstructed Airway
Authors: Donald S. Gann
Journal: JAMA (1980)

THE REPORT to the American Red Cross on emergency management of the obstructed airway by the Committee on Emergency Medical Services (EMS) of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) has been challenged. Specifically, Henry Heimlich, MD, and Edward A. Patrick, MD, charge that, in the sequence of maneuvers recommended by the NAS, ie, rapid and vigorous backslaps followed by manual thrusts, the backslaps can drive an object deeper into the throat and thus cause death.<sup>1-3</sup>Dr Heimlich contends that only the manual thrusts should be used. Since disagreement has resulted in confusion in the minds of the medical profession as well as the public, it seems appropriate to present a summary of the basis for the committee's recommendations. It must be understood that the disagreement is of a type that frequently occurs in science when data are inadequate to definitively prove or disprove strongly held opinions on an issue,
Representation of authors and editors from poor countries: Partnerships may well be unequal
Authors: Ike Anya
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Editor-Despite research in tropical medicine being undertaken in countries from low human development index, authorship and editorial opinion remain with countries from higher development index.This unfair trend observed by Keiser et al demands to be addressed and overturned. 1 This observed bias may arise because countries of high human development index fund the bulk of research in tropical medicine. 2 3Authors from these countries have prepared the grant applications, taken principal investigator status, and believe that they should take primary or terminal authorship.Researchers from low human development index countries can break this cycle only if they can obtain international funding themselves or are allowed authorship by the principal investigators.It seems this is rarely extended to the collaborators in tropical countries, even though they are the ones practically conducting the study.If such generosity in authorship and mentorship were provided, this would enable researchers from low human devel-
Is poliomyelitis a serious problem in developing countries?--lameness in Ghanaian schools.
Authors: S Ofosu-Amaah, J H Kratzer, D D Nicholas
Journal: BMJ (1977)

A postal survey of lameness in schools throughout Ghana showed an estimated prevalence of lameness attributable to poliomyetitis of 5-8 per 1000 school-aged children and an estimated mean annual incidence of paralytic poliomyelitis of 23 per 100 000 population. Official reported incidence rates range from 0-1 to 2-1 per 100 000 population, indicating that at least 90% of cases are not reported. No evidence of epidemics was found to account for these high rates. These suggest that mean annual incidence rates in tropical endemic countries have always been as great, if not greater, than those experienced by temperate countries during epidemic periods in the twentieth century and that the total number of cases of paralytic poliomyelitis occurring in the world each year has been reduced by only 25% since the advent of polio vaccine. Immunisation against poliomyelitis must have a high priority in Ghana and other tropical countries where the disease is endemic.
Human histocompatibility antigen associations in subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus.
Authors: R D Sontheimer, P Stastny, J N Gilliam
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

We have identified a clinically distinct subset of lupus erythematosus patients marked by the presence of a histologically proven, nonscarring variety of cutaneous LE (subacute cutaneous LE) in which there is a very high frequency of the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) B8 and DR3. Differences in the configuration of their skin lesions allowed a separation of the patients into two clinical subgroups; annular and papulosquamous. HLA-B8 was increased in the annular subgroup (81%, corrected P (Pc) < 0.007) and combined group (65%, Pc < 0.004). HLA-DR3 was present in all 11 of the annular patients (10%, Pc < 0.00008). In addition, HLA-DR3 was present in increased frequencies in the papulosquamous subgroup (60%, Pc < 0.04) and combined group (77%, Pc < 0.00008). Thus, HLA-DR3 positive individuals have a relative risk of 10.8 for developing subacute cutaneous LE of either type and an even greater relative risk (67.1) for the annular variety. The HLA phenotype A1, B8, DR3 was also found more commonly in the annular (73%, P < 0.00008) and combined patient groups (46%, P < 0.004). These HLA associations, which are stronger than ever before reported for any form of LE, did not result from the concurrent presence of subclinical Sjögren's syndrome. Thus, subacute cutaneous LE can now be added to the growing list of HLA-B8, DR3-associated diseases that have autoimmune features.
THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF THE LHRH AGONIST, ICI 118630, IN THE TREATMENT OF ADVANCED PROSTATIC CARCINOMA
Authors: K.J. Walker, A.O. Turkes, R.I. Nicholson, A. Turkes, K. Griffiths, M. Robinson, Z. Crispin, S. Dris
Journal: The Lancet (1983)
Bidirectional homing of Tregs between the skin and lymph nodes
Authors: Hironori Matsushima, Akira Takashima
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Although several homing receptors are known to be differentially expressed by Tregs in lymphoid tissues compared with those found in peripheral tissues, it remains unclear whether these cells traffic between the two locations. In this issue of the JCI, Tomura et al. report steady-state Treg migration from the skin to draining LNs in mice. Furthermore, they report that not only does skin inflammation exacerbate LN-directed Treg homing, it also triggers reverse circulation of Tregs from LNs to skin, whereby these cells contribute to regulation of the immune response. These results now form a new framework for our understanding of Treg homing.
Regulations are stifling development of new drugs
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The volumes of regulations that surround scientific research are stifling the development of new drugs and need to be rationalised if innovative discoveries in biology are to be matched with new medicines and demand by patients for better treatments, said experts this week.

It costs an estimated $800m (£433m; €645m) to get a new drug to the market, and pharmaceutical companies have to hit …
Toward Evidence-Based Statistics
Authors: Thomas Morgan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters21 March 2000Toward Evidence-Based StatisticsThomas Morgan, MDThomas Morgan, MDDartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center; West Lebanon, NH 03784 (Morgan)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-6-200003210-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In his pair of articles on evidence-based medical statistics (1, 2), Goodman decries the misuse of the P value and argues for its replacement with the Bayes factor. This strategy transforms the P value into a likelihood ratio that may be entered into Bayes theorem to calculate the posterior odds of the null hypothesis. Although this is a useful concept, I take issue with one of Goodman's central assertions.Goodman asserts that “The distinction between evidence and error is clear when it is recognized that the Bayes factor (evidence) is a measure of how much the probability ...References1. Goodman SN. Toward evidence-based medical statistics. 1: The P value fallacy. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:995-1004. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Goodman SN. Toward evidence-based medical statistics. 2: The Bayes factor. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:1005-13. LinkGoogle Scholar3. Glantz SA. Primer of Biostatistics. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1997:104. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Thomas Morgan, MDAffiliations: Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center; West Lebanon, NH 03784 (Morgan) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoToward Evidence-Based Medical Statistics. 1: The P Value Fallacy Steven N. Goodman Toward Evidence-Based Medical Statistics. 2: The Bayes Factor Steven N. Goodman Toward Evidence-Based Statistics Jean-Francois Caubet Toward Evidence-Based Statistics Daniel P. Sulmasy Metrics Cited byEvidence-Based Nursing Care Management for the Pregnant Woman With an Ostomy 21 March 2000Volume 132, Issue 6Page: 507KeywordsBayesian methodLikelihood ratioStatistical dataTest statistics ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 21 March 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...