tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Controlling the Communicable and the Man-Made Diseases
Authors: David D. Rutstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

One of the greatest advances in health in the 20th century is the elimination of the human reservoir of smallpox virus with eradication of the naturally occurring disease from the face of the earth. In 1967, at the inception of the World Health Organization's (WHO) intensified eradication program, 131,697 cases of smallpox were reported, but it was estimated that in the same year there actually were 10 to 15 million cases of smallpox with 2 million deaths.1 The last case of naturally occurring smallpox was diagnosed only a decade later in Merca, Somalia, on October 26, 1977. The lesson of . . .
Improving Hypertension Control in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Aanand D. Naik, Michael A. Kallen, Annette Walder, Richard L. Street
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Communication between patients and clinicians using collaborative goals and treatment plans may overcome barriers to achieving hypertension control in routine diabetes mellitus care. We assessed the interrelation of patient-clinician communication factors to determine their independent associations with hypertension control in diabetes care.We identified 566 older adults with diabetes mellitus and hypertension at the DeBakey VA Medical Center in Houston, Tex. Clinical and pharmacy data were collected, and a patient questionnaire was sent to all participants. A total of 212 individuals returned surveys. Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the effect of patient characteristics, self-management behaviors, and communication factors on hypertension control. Three communication factors had significant associations with hypertension control. Two factors, patients' endorsement of a shared decision-making style (odds ratio 1.61, 95% confidence interval 1.01 to 2.57) and proactive communication with one's clinician about abnormal results of blood pressure self-monitoring (odds ratio 1.89, 95% confidence interval 1.10 to 3.26), had direct, independent associations in multivariate regression. Path analysis was used to investigate the direct and indirect effects of communication factors and hypertension control. Decision-making style (beta=0.20, P<0.01) and proactive communication (beta=0.50, P<0.0001) again demonstrated direct effects on hypertension control. A third factor, clinicians' use of collaborative communication when setting treatment goals, had a total effect on hypertension control of 0.16 (P<0.05) through its direct effects on decision-making style (beta=0.28, P<0.001) and proactive communication (beta=0.22, P<0.01).Three communication factors were found to have significant associations with hypertension control. Patient-clinician communication that facilitates collaborative blood pressure goals and patients' input related to the progress of treatment may improve rates of hypertension control in diabetes care independent of medication adherence.
Medical Responsibility in Orthetics
Authors: Robert L. Bennett
Journal: JAMA (1963)

IT SEEMS LOGICAL to begin this afternoon's program by trying to answer the question, "Why have a panel on orthetics?" What has taken place in this ancient phase of medical care that deserves and requires a particular emphasis? Actually, there are many things happening in this active field. There are new devices, new materials, new methods of fabrication—the field even has a new name. If orthetics is new, orthotics is even newer! These reasons alone might be enough to warrant this panel, but even more significant than all of these is the new<i>interest</i>in orthetics. This interest has been shown by engineers and orthotists who are eager to design and fabricate better devices, by educators who are recognizing the need for developing training methods in orthetics, and even by agencies who have indicated a willingness to coordinate and financially support research and development in this field. All of
Correction: A Breakthrough in R&amp;D for Neglected Diseases: New Ways to Get the Drugs We Need
Authors: Mary Moran
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

In the third paragraph of the section "Neglected-Disease R&D Activity," the sentence "Nearly one-third of these projects are at the clinical trial stage, including seven drugs now in Phase III trials…" should read instead "Nearly one-third of these projects are at the clinical trial stage, including six drugs now in Phase III trials…."
Leaving the Hospital against Medical Advice
Authors: Robert W. Schlauch, Peter Reich, Martin J. Kelly
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

THE patients who sign out of general hospitals against advice have received little attention in the medical literature. A survey of the problem in our hospital in 1974 revealed the incidence of such discharges to be 0.7 per cent and found evidence of addiction to alcohol or drugs in 58 per cent of the patients involved.1 We have extended this survey by reviewing the records of all patients discharged against advice from the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital during the two years from January 1, 1974, through December 31, 1975, and by including additional data on the demographic, psychiatric and behavioral . . .
Koplik's Spots
Authors: Lawrence M Tierney, Kevin C Wang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

A 16-year-old, previously healthy boy came to the hospital with a history of fever for several days, nonproductive cough, and coryza. On examination he appeared to be acutely ill; his temperature was 39.5°C, with a pulse of 120 and a respiratory rate of 18 breaths per minute. Physical examination showed intense conjunctivitis, a macular rash on the trunk, and Koplik's spots on the buccal mucosa opposite the second molars (arrow). The patient was treated with supportive care and recovered uneventfully without complications. Koplik's spots are evanescent white papules that are classically present on the buccal mucosa opposite the second molars . . .
Diabetic Retinopathy, Promoter (4G/5G) Polymorphism of PAI-1 Gene, and PAI-1 Activity in Pima Indians With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Dinesh K Nagi, Lynn J McCormack, Vidya Mohamed-Ali, John S Yudkin, William C Knowler, Peter J Grant
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) activity and PAI-1 gene (4G/5G) polymorphism and diabetic retinopathy in Pima Indians with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 171 Pima Indians with type 2 diabetes between the ages of 30–70 years in a population-based epidemiological survey. Plasma PAI-1 activity was measured by a spectrophotometric assay and PAI-1 4G/5G promoter genotype by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using allele-specific primers. Retinopathy was assessed by ophthalmoscopy after pupillary dilation and classified as any retinopathy or as nonproliferative and proliferative. RESULTS Retinopathy was present in 70 (41%) subjects, and 4 (2.3%) subjects had proliferative retinopathy. Plasma PAI-1 activity was not significantly different among subjects with and without retinopathy (17.1 ± vs. 19.7 ± 9.1 arbitrary units (AU)/ml, P = 0.09). PAI-1 activity was negatively correlated with duration of diabetes (rs = −0.18, P = 0.02). In a logistic regression analysis controlled for age, sex, BMI, and duration of diabetes, any retinopathy was significantly associated with fasting plasma glucose concentrations (P &amp;lt; 0.05), 2-h postload glucose (P = 0.02), and HbA1c (P = 0.008), but not with PAI-1 activity (P = 0.48). The prevalence of retinopathy in the three genotype groups differed significantly (4G/4G, 4G/5G, and 5G/5G were 44, 49, and 24%, respectively; chi χ2 = 8.22, df = 2, P = 0.016) and remained significant after controlling for age, sex, BMI, duration of diabetes, glycated hemoglobin, and urine albumin-to-creatine ratio in a logistic regression analysis. The odds ratios for retinopathy in subjects with 4G/4G and 4G/5G, compared with the 5G/5G genotype, were 2.0 and 3.1, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Although diabetic retinopathy in Pima Indians with type 2 diabetes is not associated with PAI-1 activity, subjects with the 4G/4G and 4G/5G genotype had a higher prevalence of retinopathy compared with 5G/5G PAI-1genotype. These preliminary findings indicate that in Pima Indians with type 2 diabetes, presence of the 4G allele of the PAI-1 gene was associated with a higher risk of diabetic retinopathy.
THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF THE CAPSULE AND THE M-ANTIGEN IN DETERMINING COLONY FORM OF GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: Armine T. Wilson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

Evidence is presented showing that the surface configuration of Group A streptococcal colonies depends largely on whether or not the cocci form a capsule. Strains which form capsules during growth on agar produce mucoid or matt colonies. Strains that do not form capsules during growth on agar produce glossy colonies. Whether or not M antigen is formed by the growing cocci appears to have no direct effect on surface configuration of the colony, although there is an indirect and partial association between M production and the mucoid-matt variant state and between M deficiency and the glossy variant state.
665 Early biliary reconstruction for post-laparoscopic cholecystectomy bile duct injuries
Authors: V MURALIDHARAN, M SILVA, S BRAMHALL, D MAYER, J BUCKELS, P MCMASTER, D MIRZA
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

We sought to compare the clinical presentation and angiographic patterns of saphenous vein graft (SVG) failure after stenting with a paclitaxel-eluting stent (PES) versus a similar bare-metal stent (BMS).The mode of SVG failure after stenting has been poorly characterized.The SOS (Stenting Of Saphenous Vein Grafts) trial enrolled 80 patients with 112 lesions in 88 SVGs who were randomized to a BMS or PES. Angiographic follow-up at 12 months was available in 83% of the patients.Binary angiographic restenosis occurred in 51% (24 of 47) of BMS-treated lesions versus 9% (4 of 43) of PES-treated lesions (p < 0.0001). Graft occlusion occurred in 9 of the 21 SVGs (43%) that failed in the BMS group and in 2 of 4 SVGs (50%) that failed in the PES group. SVG failure after stenting presented as an acute coronary syndrome in 10 of the 24 patients (42%) (7 of those 10 patients presented with non–ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction), stable angina in 9 (37%) patients, and without symptoms in 5 (21%) patients. Of the 19 patients (with 20 grafts) who developed symptomatic graft failure, repeat SVG revascularization was successfully performed in all 13 (100%) subtotally obstructed SVGs but was attempted (and successful) in only 1 of 7 (14%) occluded SVGs. Revascularization of a native coronary artery was performed in an additional 4 of 7 (57%) symptomatic patients with an occluded SVG.SVG failure after stenting often presents as acute myocardial infarction and with SVG occlusion. Compared with BMS, PES reduce SVG failure.
Effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition on myocardial capillary permeability and reactive hyperaemic response
Authors: P. R. Hansen, S. Haunso
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Journal Article Effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition on myocardial capillary permeability and reactive hyperaemic response Get access Peter Riis Hansen, Peter Riis Hansen * Department of Medicine B (Division of Cardiology), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark *Correspondence to Dr Hansen. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Stig Haunsø Stig Haunsø Department of Medicine B (Division of Cardiology), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 29, Issue 6, June 1995, Pages 862–866, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6363(96)88624-X Published: 01 June 1995 Article history Received: 15 November 1994 Accepted: 06 February 1995 Published: 01 June 1995
Administration of Cortisone by the Aerosol Method in the Treatment of Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Maxwell L. Gelfand
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

THE administration of drugs by the aerosol method in the treatment of diseases of the bronchopulmonary tree has long been an accepted mode of therapy. In bronchial asthma, bronchodilators and antibiotics of all sorts have proved extremely beneficial when applied in this manner.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Recently cortisone has been shown to have a definitely favorable therapeutic effect in bronchial asthma.8 9 10 11 It has been given both intramuscularly and orally with equal success. There are, however, no reports to date of the application of cortisone directly to the pulmonary epithelium in the treatment of bronchial asthma. Reeder and Mackey's demonstration12 that nebulized cortisone delivered . . .
Comparison of Lung Scintigraphy With Multi-Slice Spiral Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Feng Wang, Wei Fang, Bin Lv, Jin-Guo Lu, Chang-Ming Xiong, Xin-Hai Ni, Zuo-Xiang He
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

To compare the diagnostic efficacy of lung perfusion scans combined with ventilation (V/Q) scans and/or chest radiography (CR) with contrast-enhanced multislice spiral CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in diagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE).Eighty-two consecutive patients with suspected PE underwent CTPA, lung perfusion scan, and CR. Of them, 28 patients underwent V/Q scans. The final diagnosis was made using a composite reference test.The overall sensitivity and specificity were 89.2% and 92.1% for V/Q scan or perfusion scan combined with CR, and 97.3% and 97.4% for CTPA. For the 28 patients with V/Q scan, the sensitivity and specificity were 91.7% and 92.9% for V/Q scan, and 91.7% and 100.0% for CTPA. The segmental agreement rate between perfusion scan and CTPA was 69.5% (kappa = 0.30, P < 0.05). The perfusion scan revealed significantly more subsegmental abnormalities than CTPA (59 vs. 10, chi2 test, P < 0.05).V/Q scan, perfusion scan combined with CR and CTPA all show high efficacy in diagnosing PE. V/Q scan or perfusion scan combined with CR is as accurate as CTPA.
SARS-Associated Coronavirus
Authors: Kathryn V Holmes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

The discovery that a novel coronavirus is the probable cause of the newly recognized severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), reported by Ksiazek et al. (pages 1953–1966), Drosten et al. (pages 1967–1976), and Peiris et al.1 provides a dramatic example of an emerging coronavirus disease in humans, described by Poutanen et al. (pages 1995–2005), Tsang et al. (pages 1977–1985), and Lee et al. (pages 1986–1994). Although human coronaviruses cause up to 30 percent of colds, they rarely cause lower respiratory tract disease. In contrast, coronaviruses cause devastating epizootics of respiratory or enteric disease in livestock and poultry. Most coronaviruses cause disease . . .
Uses of Quantitative Analyses of Bacterial Populations in Sputum
Authors: Donald B. Louria
Journal: JAMA (1962)

In most patients with acute bacterial infections of the respiratory tract, routine cultures provide data which enable the physician to administer appropriate antibacterial agents. Occasionally, these cultures give insufficient evidence to assure the physician that his therapeutic regimen is best for the patient. In such cases, quantitative bacteriologic analyses of sputum specimens may be helpful. Seven cases are presented in which quantitative studies provided important information. The uses of the technique fell into three categories: evaluation of dual infections, analysis of the efficacy of therapy in severe infections, and separation of the harmless carrier state from potentially dangerous bacteriologic infection or superinfection.
Teaching hospital teams
Authors: G. Dunea
Journal: BMJ (2002)

We meet in the morning for consulting rounds. “How is Mr Jones ?” I ask. “Oh, he is Irene's patient, and she is in the clinic,” answers another resident.

We go to see Mr Jones. Manuel, the intern on the primary care “team,” has the day off. The resident cannot present the patient because he was off last night. The student who worked up the patient is at a lecture. “Jones really belongs to Manuel, and we …
Urban Lead Mining: Lead Intoxication among Deleaders
Authors: Robert G. Feldman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

A new industrial hazard has developed in the attempt to delead old houses. Although qualified contractors are available, serious problems may result from careless or inexperienced deleading practices. Many unsafe methods are being used that put in jeopardy the occupants of the houses as well as the workers who remove the paint. Standard operating procedures have been defined and distributed by the Division of Occupational Hygiene, Massachusetts Department of Labor and Industries.1 Through a series of public-service announcements over television, the Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health has been telling the public what safety . . .
Healing parameters in a rabbit partial tendon defect following tenocyte/biomaterial implantation
Authors: Christiane Stoll, Thilo John, Claudia Conrad, Anke Lohan, Sylvia Hondke, Wolfgang Ertel, Christian Kaps, Michaela Endres, Michael Sittinger, Jochen Ringe, G. Schulze-Tanzil
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
And Who Shall Care for the Sick: The Corporate Transformation of Medicine in Minnesota
Authors: William R. Fifer
Journal: JAMA (1989)

One cannot fairly review a book by Dr Reece without discussing the man himself. He is so intimately identified with his book that his smiling picture appears on the front cover, and his work expresses his feelings about what's happening to the medical profession as much as it does the history of the steady "corporate transformation of medicine" in the Twin Cities. Dr Reece was a successful pathologist serving Twin Cities hospitals and created his own private reference laboratory before becoming an editor and author. In his career as editor of<i>Minnesota Medicine</i>, the journal of the Minnesota Medical Association, he has transformed a rather ordinary scientific publication into a journal of the sociopolitical aspects of medical care. As an author he publishes a monthly newsletter called "The Reece Report" that is read by physicians all across the country. As a personality, he is a frequent speaker to health care
The Implications of Caring for the Injured Brain
Authors: Monique Lanoix
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

"The Implications of Caring for the Injured Brain." The American Journal of Bioethics, 8(9), pp. 35–36 Acknowledgment This research was funded by a Canadian Institutes for Health Research grant to François Baylis “Therapeutic Hopes and Ethical Concerns.”
Hyperdynamic circulation of advanced cirrhosis: a re-appraisal based on posture-induced changes in hemodynamics
Authors: Mauro Bernardi, Lorenzo Fornalè, Claudio Di Marco, Franco Trevisani, Mario Baraldini, Antonio Gasbarrini, Carlo De Collibus, Fabio Zacà, Amedeo Ligabue, Alessandra Colantoni, Giovanni Gasbarrini
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1995)
Influence of Combined Therapy with Mevinolin and Interruption of Bile-Acid Reabsorption on Low Density Lipoproteins in Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Scott M. Grundy, Gloria Lena Vega, David W. Bilheimer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia have a 50% deficiency of receptors for plasma low density lipoproteins (LDL) that induces a marked increase in plasma LDL levels. Two therapeutic measures that seem to increase the synthesis of LDL receptors are interruption of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids with either bile-acid sequestrants or the ileal-exclusion operation, and competitive inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase with mevinolin or compactin. To determine the effectiveness of this combination and the mechanisms of lowering LDL levels, we measured turnover rates of LDL apoprotein (apo-LDL) before and during treatment with mevinolin and colestipol in eight patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Drug therapy reduced LDL cholesterol levels by an average of 52%; this response was due to a 40% increase in fractional catabolic rate of apo-LDL and a 26% decrease in its production rate. A similar response was obtained in two patients who had previously had an ileal-exclusion operation for severe hypercholesterolemia and who were treated with mevinolin.
Thiazide diuretic-induced subacute cutaneous lupus-like syndrome
Authors: S.K Jones, B.R. Reed, L.A. Lee, J.C. Huff, D.A. Norris
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Specific anti‐nuclear antibodies are useful in identifying subsets of lupus erythematosus (LE) and may be directly involved in the aetiology of keratinocyte damage seen in cutaneous LE lesions. In support of this, UV irradiation has been shown to induce (in vitro) expression of SSA, RnP and Sm antigens on keratinocyte cell surfaces, and antibodies to these antigens induce mononuclear cell lysis of cells coated with the relevant antigen. In addition, human skin grafted on to nude mice binds anti‐SSA antibody in vivo, this being increased by UV irradiation. Several drugs are recognized to induce anti‐nuclear antibodies in man, and thiazides are known as inducers of phototoxic and photoallergic dermatitis. We describe five patients who developed photosensitive eruptions with clinical and histological features of subacute cutaneous LE, and antibodies to SSA/Ro antigen, whilst taking thiazides. These all cleared with discontinuation of the drug and topical therapy. In one case, anti‐SSA antibodies have disappeared, and in another rechallenge with the drug produced a further photo‐eruption. To date, no patients on thiazide diuretics (n = 14) who have not developed a rash have been found to have anti‐SSA antibodies. Thus, this seems to represent a new type of photo‐drug reaction. Possible mechanisms may include induction of antibody to thiazide‐protein complexes which crossreact with SSA, the potentiation of epidermal cytotoxicity, and the increased production or cell surface expression of SSA antigen. Data relating to these hypotheses will be presented.
Transplantation 50 Years Later — Progress, Challenges, and Promises
Authors: Mohamed H. Sayegh, Charles B. Carpenter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A half-century has elapsed since the first transplantation, and this procedure is now accepted as the treatment of choice for end-stage organ failure. This article reviews the many developments since that historic moment. Although tremendous progress has contributed to the success of this form of therapy, several challenges remain if transplantation is to be widely available with minimal risks and optimal outcomes.