tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drug points: Ticlopidine associated with acute arthritis
Authors: H. A Dakik, I. Salti, R. Haidar, I. W Uthman
Journal: BMJ (2002)

In utero exposures due to smoking during pregnancy may increase the risk of both diabetes and obesity through programming, resulting in lifelong metabolic dysregulation, possibly due to fetal malnutrition or toxicity.The odds ratios for obesity without type 2 diabetes are more modest than those for diabetes and the scope for confounding may be greater.Smoking during pregnancy may represent another important determinant of metabolic dysregulation and type 2 diabetes in offspring.Smoking during pregnancy should always be strongly discouraged.
Nipple Piercing and Hyperprolactinemia
Authors: Geoffrey A. Modest, John J.W. Fangman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

In the May 16 issue, three articles deal with public policy on stem-cell research. [1]2][3] The authors of all three articles agree that reproductive cloning should be banned but that research on therapeutic cloning (i.e., nuclear transplantation to produce human embryos as sources of stem cells) should be permitted.Annas justifies this compromise politically as the only way to avoid the dangers of unrestrained research. 1Evers thinks that abuses could be prevented if European and other models of regulation were globalized. 2 Weissman suggests that scientists are best qualified to make informed decisions on the matter because of their ability to understand fully the potential benefits of scientific and medical research. 3 We find these articles seriously inadequate.Each fails to devote sufficient attention to the inevitable death of the human embryo when the embryo's stem cells are harvested.Millions of Americans do not accept the utilitarian argument that the potential benefits of research cloning justify the intentional destruction of the embryo.Yet Weissman and others seek to dispel concern about embryonic sacrifice with the simple protest that preventing embryonic destruction would impede medical research and thereby rob people of the means to improve and prolong their lives. 3 Approaches to the formation of public policy that esteem scientific potential but fail to give sufficient weight to all basic ethical considerations are profoundly troubling, and attempts to dismiss those who oppose embryonic destruction simply by pointing to the good that may result are chilling.Although we applaud the desire to pursue therapies for human afflictions, a utilitarian perspective that allows science and medicine to trump ethics in the name of furthering medical benefits is exceedingly dangerous and will eventu-ally have grave consequences.Any serious consideration of the issues raised by research cloning must engage all basic ethical arguments against such a prospect, rather than merely dismiss them or regard them as secondary in importance.Inclusion in the Journal of material that grapples seriously with the often-neglected ethical issues raised by research cloning would have resulted in a better assessment of this highly contentious topic.The Center for Bioethics and Human Dignity and Georgetown's Center for Clinical Bioethics offer such material 4,5 -not to hold back science but to encourage it to proceed in an ethical fashion.Our society must not subjugate basic ethical considerations to scientific and medical progress, lest we all become subjects mastered by our own technological prowess.
New Thematic Series
Authors: Jane A. Leopold, Bradley A. Maron
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Recent Advances in Pulmonary HypertensionPulmonary hypertension is associated with a high degree of morbidity and mortality in patients with World Health Organization Group 1 pulmonary hypertension (pulmonary artery hypertension) as well as Groups 2 to 5 pulmonary hypertension (pulmonary hypertension attributable to left heart disease, lung disease, thromboembolic disease, and miscellaneous causes, respectively).Historically, the underlying cause of pulmonary hypertension coupled with a defining hemodynamic profile has been used for the clinical classification of patients into different groups, in part, to facilitate management.Over the past several years, advances in the field have increased our understanding of the pathobiology, clinical course, and treatment outcomes for patients with pulmonary hypertension.Along these lines, recent findings from randomized, clinical trials have demonstrated efficacy of novel therapeutics and expanded treatment options for this important cardiopulmonary disease.In this thematic series in Circulation on Recent Advances in Pulmonary Hypertension, a group of experts will discuss progress in the field and remaining controversies that are likely to have broad applicability to patients with different forms of pulmonary hypertension.The topics reviewed will cover practical considerations in the care of patients with pulmonary hypertension, such as clinical diagnosis, therapeutic interventions, use of noninvasive imaging to evaluate pulmonary vascularright ventricular function, and the role of mechanical support for the failing right ventricle.Next, select populations of patients with pulmonary hypertension who clinicians may encounter in practice will be discussed, including patients with congenital heart disease, human immunodeficiency virus, or those who develop pulmonary hypertension as a consequence of exposure to high altitude.The series will also provide a focused review of current end points used in clinical trials and their attendant limitations as a consideration for how to interpret findings from previous studies as well as design future trials in this field.Finally, recent translational advances with clinical implications for patients with pulmonary hypertension in the areas of cellular metabolism, neurohumoral signaling, and sex hormones will be reviewed.Together, the reviews in this series aim to provide the reader with a state-of-the art view of diagnostic modalities and therapeutic interventions as well as an introduction to new frontiers in the care of patients afflicted with this heterogeneous and complex disease.
Eight cases of parents convicted of killing their children are referred to commission
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Just eight cases of parents convicted of killing their children have so far emerged as candidates for criminal appeals following the review by the attorney general in the wake of the release of Angela Cannings.

The attorney general, Lord Goldsmith, has been reviewing almost 300 child killing cases since Mrs Cannings was cleared on appeal at the end of last year of murdering her two baby sons ( BMJ 2004;328: 183). The appeal court in that case said that no prosecutions …
Expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7 and MMP-13 and loss of MMP-19 and p16 are associated with malignant progression in chronic wounds
Authors: U. Impola, L. Jeskanen, L. Ravanti, S. Syrjanen, B. Baldursson, V-M. Kahari, U. Saarialho-Kere
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐7 and MMP‐13 and loss of MMP‐19 and p16 are associated with malignant progression in chronic wounds Get access U. Impola, U. Impola Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Jeskanen, L. Jeskanen Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and Biomedicum Helsinki, Meilahdentie 2, 00250 Helsinki, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Ravanti, L. Ravanti Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Dermatology and Turku Centre for Biotechnology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Syrjänen, S. Syrjänen Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Baldursson, B. Baldursson Department of Dermatology, Gävle Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar V‐M. Kähäri, V‐M. Kähäri Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Dermatology and Turku Centre for Biotechnology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar U. Saarialho‐Kere U. Saarialho‐Kere Departments of DermatologyDepartment of Dermatology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Söder Hospital, Sweden Ulpu Saarialho‐Kere. E‐mail: saarialho‐kere@helsinki.fi Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 152, Issue 4, 1 April 2005, Pages 720–726, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06447.x Published: 01 April 2005 Article history Accepted: 22 September 2004 Published: 01 April 2005
'I Have Done My Duty': Florence Nightingale in the Crimean War 1854-56 [letters]
Authors: Anne Digby
Journal: JAMA (1988)

This volume consists of 100 of the 300 letters that were written by Florence Nightingale while she was in the Crimea from 1854 to 1856 and is the first of four projected volumes of her letters. The editor, Sue Goldie, has spent 20 years working on this correspondence and has already coedited the<i>Calendar of Letters of Florence Nightingale</i>(1983). She is therefore well qualified to edit this extensive correspondence and has done so in exemplary fashion. Her laudable desire not to interpose "an editorial smokescreen" between the reader and the letters has perhaps contributed to the publisher's unfortunate decision to make the introductory sections and the correspondence visually indistinguishable. It is to be hoped that this is altered in later volumes. Inevitably, the main outlines of the terrain revealed in these letters seem familiar because of extensive quotation by earlier biographers. What this invaluable collection principally adds, however, is,
Human C-reactive protein does not bind to fcγRIIa on phagocyti cells
Authors: Eirikur Saeland, Annet van Royen, Karin Hendriksen, Henriette Vilé-Weekhout, Ger T. Rijkers, Lieke A.M. Sanders, Jan G.J. van de Winkel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase protein in humans with an important role in innate immunity.During inflammation it can be upregulated from a concentration of less than 1 µg/ml to as high as 500 µg/ml.CRP opsonizes foreign particles (1), activates complement (2), and can directly interact with phagocytic cells (3-6).The identification of CRP-binding receptors on phagocytic cells has been tedious, but in February 2000, Stein et al. reported in the JCI that CRP binds to FcγRIIa (CD32) and, more specifically, to the R131 polymorphic form of the receptor (6).
Clinical heterogeneity of familial colorectal cancer and its influence on screening protocols.
Authors: H F Vasen, B G Taal, G Griffioen, F M Nagengast, A Cats, F H Menko, W Oskam, J H Kleibeuker, G J Offerhaus, P M Khan
Journal: Gut (1994)

The age at onset of non-polyposis colorectal cancer (CRC) was investigated in 49 families with at least three relatives affected in two successive generations. Forty one of these families satisfy the accepted minimum criteria for hereditary non-polyposis CRC. The remaining eight families were distinguished by a late age of disease onset and, hence, could not be included in the group. The condition in these latter families has been designated provisionally, as late onset familial CRC. The hereditary non-polyposis CRC families include 194 patients, 110 men and 84 women (mean age at diagnosis: 44 years; range: 16-74 years). Ninety two per cent of the patients were diagnosed by age 60. Colorectal cancer was diagnosed at progressively earlier ages in successive generations (p < 0.0005). The late onset CRC families comprised 30 patients, 20 men and 10 women (mean age at diagnosis: 62 years; range: 51-77 years). Fifty eight per cent of the CRCs in the patients belonging to the hereditary non-polyposis CRC families were located in the right colon compared with 13% in the late onset familial CRC group (p < 0.001). Multiple CRCs were found in 23% of the cases in the former but in only 3% in the latter families (p < 0.05). Adenomas associated with CRC were reported in 14.5% of the cases in the hereditary non-polyposis CRC families and in 30% of the cases in the late onset familial CRC group (p = NS). Extracolonic cancers, frequently encountered in hereditary non-polyposis CRC, were not found in the late onset CRC families. These findings indicate that there is a distinct clinical entity of non-polyposis CRC in which colorectal cancer develops at a more advanced age than in hereditary non-polyposis CRC. Future molecular genetic studies should confirm this hypothesis. In the meantime, recognition of these late onset familial CRC families, which will rest on clinical observations, is important because of the implications for the screening protocol.
Systolic Time Intervals as Measures of the Contractile State of the Left Ventricular Myocardium in Man
Authors: S. SULTAN AHMED, GILBERT E. LEVINSON, CARL J. SCHWARTZ, PHILIP O. ETTINGER
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Previous studies relating systolic time intervals and measures of cardiac performance have suggested that the time intervals may be useful indices of myocardial contractility. To explore this possibility, systolic times and left ventricular (LV) performance and contractility were measured nearly simultaneously in 14 normal subjects and 56 patients with cardiac disease. Preejection period (PEP) and the ratio of PEP to LV ejection time (LVET) changed significantly with acute inotropic influences (exercise and isoproterenol), were normal in patients with right or left ventricular overloads in whom cardiac index and ejection fraction were depressed but contractile element velocity at peak dP/dt and the Frank-Levinson contractility index were normal, and were significantly abnormal in patients with either clinically evident or occult LV decompensation in whom the measures of contractility were reduced. Correlations of PEP and PEP/LVET with measures of both performance and contractility were insignificant for patients with valvular disease, shunts, or cor pulmonale and significant but weak for the entire series. However, in subjects with either normal left ventricles or cardiac disease confined to the left ventricle, PEP and PEP/LVET exhibited good correlations with measures of pump function and excellent correlations with measures of contractility. These results indicate that the systolic times are a valid measure of contractility which should prove useful in comparing patients with cardiac pathology confined to the LV myocardium and in following patients with extramyocardial hemodynamic lesions of constant severity.
PTU-127 The Macrogol MRI Challenge Test: A Novel Non Invasive Colonic Function Test
Authors: C Lam, G Chaddock, C Hoad, C Costigan, E Cox, S Pritchard, L Marciani, P Gowland, R Spiller
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Managing resistant constipation commonly involves multiple often unpleasant invasive tests. Our aim was to develop a more acceptable non-invasive colonic function test. <h3>Methods</h3> 13 patients (ages 21–60, female: male = 12:1) with chronic constipation (CC) unresponsive to simple laxatives; 9 with slow transit constipation, 2 obstructive defecation and 2 IBS with constipation. Whole gut transit (WGT) was assessed by ingesting 5 pills filled with Gadolinium-DOTA solution, 24 hours before study day when a fasting MRI scan of the abdomen was performed. Transit of the pills was assessed from an average weighted Transit Score (TS) previously shown to correlate well with the standard radio-opaque marker method (1). This enabled TS to be converted to WGT time in hours. Patients then ingested 1 litre of macrogol (MCG), followed by hourly MRI scans for 4 hours while they scored bowel symptoms from 0–10 (none – severe). Colonic movements were assessed using a motility index (integral of the duration of contraction in secs/2 minute X multiplied by the number of sections of the ascending colon showing contraction). Results were compared with values from 11 healthy volunteers (HV) previously reported (2). <h3>Results</h3> (Mean±SEM) WGT time was calculated from the TS to be significantly greater for CC being 83 ± 12 hr vs. 30 ± 4 hr for HV (p &lt; 0.01). The average fasting small bowel water content (SBWC) was increased for CC being 200 ± 18 compared to 51 ± 7ml in HV (p &lt; 0.01). Fasting AC volumes were also greater in CC being 307 ± 26 compared to 205 ± 14ml in HV (p &lt; 0.01). The average arrival time of MCG to the ascending colon (AC) was 74 ± 7 min in CC and 65 ± 5 in HV (p = 0.39). Motility index 2 hours after MCG ingestion was reduced in CC compared to HV being 14 ± 14 and 82 ± 14 (p = 0.04). Distension of the colon at 2 hours by MCG was greater for CC with AC volume of 615 ± 59 vs. 357 ± 46 ml in HV (p &lt; 0.01). Time to first bowel movement after ingestion of MCG was delayed for CC compared to HV at 414 ± 144 and 117 ± 21 min (p = 0.04). Stool frequency for CC on the day of MCG ingestion were reduced compared to HV being 4.5 ± 1.4 versus 8.9 ± 1.2 (p &lt; 0.01). Bloating score following ingestion of MCG was greater in CC being 2.3 ± 0.3 compared to HV 0.9 ± 0.3 (p = 0.02). <h3>Conclusion</h3> CC patients have increased fasting SBWC and AC volumes compared to HV. When challenged with MCG, they showed greater distension and more discomfort with reduced motility and delayed bowel movement response. This MRI monitored MCG challenge test gives data on transit, sensory and motor function. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared <h3>References</h3> Lam <i>et al.</i><i></i> BSG 2013 submission. Garsed <i>et al.</i> Gastroenterology 2012; 142:S814S.
Abstract 5024: Sorafenib in combination with modifiers of epigenetic mechanism induce synergistic cytotoxicity in human liver cancer cell lines
Authors: Shikha Gaur, Linling Chen, Yun Yen
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most important cause of cancer death worldwide. Sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor improved outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by inhibiting angiogenesis. Epigenetic research suggests that many cancers may not be caused by mutations in genes but by chemical modifications that change how the genes function. DNA methylation and histone deacetylation are two of the more widely studied epigenetic mechanisms. Inhibitors of DNA methylation (Vidaza) and histone deacetylation (SAHA) have shown inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in liver cancer cells. We investigated the cytotoxicity of combination of Sorafenib with SAHA or Vidaza in two liver cancer cell lines HepG2 and Hep3B. METHODS: HepG2 and Hep3B cells in log phase growth were treated simultaneously with sorafenib (0.5-10 µM) and/or vidaza (1.25-10 µM) or SAHA (1.25-10 µM) for 72 hours. Following drug treatment, MTS assay was used as the endpoint for cell proliferation and the IC50 values and combination indices (CI) were derived using Calcusyn software (Biosoft, Cambridge, UK). Each combination was repeated at least three times. RESULTS: The mean single agent IC50's for Sorafenib, Vidaza and SAHA were 6.83±0.44 µM, 10.33±2.91µM, and 11.5±4.25 µM, respectively in HepG2 cells and 6.25±0.20 µM, 11.50±0.41 µM, and 4.25±0.20 µM, respectively in Hep3B cells. The combination indices were:CombinationsHepG2Hep3BSorafenib and Vidaza0.72+0.130.73+0.12Sorafenib and SAHA0.77+0.130.68+0.05 CONCLUSIONS: The CI's for both combinations demonstrated synergistic effects in each of the cell lines. The molecular mechanism behind the synergistic effect of sorafenib in combination with vidaza or SAHA in liver cancer in underway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5024.
Randomized trial of the effect of antipyresis by metamizol, propacetamol or external cooling on metabolism, hemodynamics and inflammatory response
Authors: Miriam M. Treggiari, Gian-Reto Kleger, Pascale Roux-Lombard, Marc Fathi, Claude Pichard, Jacques-Andr� Romand, Valerio Gozzoli
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2004)
Numbers Don't Lie, but Do They Tell the Whole Story?
Authors: Dean Schillinger, Urmimala Sarkar
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

Newly appointed Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Kathleen Sebelius, recently reaffirmed that reducing social disparities in diabetes is a national priority (1). Lower educational attainment has been strongly linked to higher diabetes prevalence and worse diabetes control. In California, for example, diabetes is much more common among those with a 9th grade education or less (14%) compared with those with a college degree or higher (5%). Nationally, very large disparities in diabetes-related mortality also exist across education levels, with rates three- to fivefold higher among those with less than a high school degree versus a college degree. Educational disparities in both diabetes control (as measured by A1C) and mortality have widened over the last 20 years (2). Similarly, many racial and ethnic minority groups have higher diabetes prevalence and worse diabetes control. African Americans are much more likely than non-Hispanic white to have diabetes and to experience worse glycemic control, even in populations with similar access to care (3). Insofar as African Americans are less likely than non-Hispanic white to have received the benefits of higher education, understanding whether lower educational attainment is an explanatory factor for racial and ethnic disparities in diabetes is critical for practitioners and policy makers in public health and clinical medicine.

It is in that spirit that Osborn et al. (4) have asked the question, “Can an assessment of performance strongly related to educational attainment (numeracy) help explain observed racial disparities in disease control, in a disease (diabetes) whose management demands a certain facility with numbers?” Prior research in a sample of ethnically diverse, …
A single nucleotide polymorphism determines protein isoform production of the human c-FLIP protein
Authors: Nana Ueffing, Kusum K. Singh, Andrea Christians, Christoph Thorns, Alfred C. Feller, Florian Nagl, Falko Fend, Sebastian Heikaus, Alexander Marx, Rainer B. Zotz, Joachim Brade, Wolfgang A. Schulz, Klaus Schulze-Osthoff, Ingo Schmitz, Christian Schwerk
Journal: Blood (2009)
THE PROPERDIN SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY
Authors: Louis Pillemer, Livia Blum, Irwin H. Lepow, Leona Wurz, Earl W. Todd
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1956)

A detailed method for the zymosan assay of properdin is described, together with procedures for the preparation and standardization of reagents employed in the test. The reliability and reproducibility of the assay, as well as its limitations, are discussed.
THE TEETH OF INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS.
Authors: ALTON H. THOMPSON
Journal: JAMA (1891)

The resources of Nature are infinite. The expedients to which she resorts are marvelous and endless in their variety. When new conditions are to be met, her invention is never at a loss, and her capacity for change is boundless. Environments change and corresponding alterations in organs arise to meet the new conditions presented. The life of a species depends upon this power to change, to conform to new environments. The law is adaptation or extinction. In no set of organs—in animal life at least—is this infinite variety of resources, or the capacity for change, or the power of invention, so fully illustrated, as in the teeth. Food selection has created a wonderful variety of forms of teeth which have arisen in response to changes in the food environment. Those species which could conform to gradual change, survived and transmitted the acquired modifications in the dental apparatus. Those which could