tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON ANTIBODY PRODUCTION
Authors: Elizabeth H. Leduc, Albert H. Coons, Jeanne M. Connolly
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

After an antigenic stimulus, antibody is first demonstrable in the cytoplasm, and often in a spot in the nucleus, of large, immature cells in the medullary areas of the lymph node draining the site of injection. Morphologically, these cells have basophilic cytoplasm and a large nucleus, and are typical hematogenous stem cells. As these cells multiply and differentiate, the concentration of antibody in their cytoplasm increases, until colonies of typical mature plasma cells containing antibody have developed. There is a marked difference between the primary and the secondary responses, the former characterized by the development of very few antibody-containing cells while in the latter there are hundreds in a similar area. The morphology of the cells involved in both responses is identical. Occasionally, antibody was also found in low concentration in association with the lymphoid follicles. The implications of these findings for an understanding of antibody synthesis are discussed.
Chicken or egg: physical activity in COPD revisited
Authors: M. I. Polkey, K. F. Rabe
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2009)

Quietly, over recent years, a reassessment has occurred amongst those caring for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although COPD is triggered by the inhalation of noxious stimuli, usually cigarette smoke, it is now apparent that the condition has a significant extrapulmonary component 1. COPD is of course diagnosed by the finding of a reduced forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1); however, amongst patients with an FEV1 of <50% predicted, FEV1 is a poor predictor of survival. What then does predict survival amongst patients with advanced disease? Certainly weakness of the principle locomotor muscle, the quadriceps, does 2, as does the reduction in quadriceps cross-sectional area 3. It is also well established that exercise capacity, whether measured on a field test, as in the BODE (body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnoea, exercise capacity) score 4, or in the laboratory 5, is predictive of survival. Lastly, in large cohorts it is clear that self-reported physical activity predicts prognosis in COPD 6 and may even impact on the rate of lung function decline 7. Indeed, recent data from 77,000 participants in the Nurses Health Study suggests that a lack of physical exercise is a major contributor to all causes of mortality irrespective of smoking history, although the latter is of course a separate and major risk factor 8.

Daily physical activity, muscle strength and performance are likely intimately interlinked; progress in the former area has been greatly advanced by the development of technology which permits physical activity monitoring. In its earliest guise, this could be as simple as a pedometer 9 or an actigraph 10. However, most investigators prefer the more sophisticated devices now …
1345 INTERACTION BETWEEN IL28B CCR5Δ32, AND HCV PERSISTENCE WITH GBV-C VIREMIA AND SYMPTOMS DURING ACUTE INFECTION
Authors: S. Tenckhoff, J. Wiegand, K. Patel, M. Wiese, H. Tenckhoff, H.D. Nischalke, U. Kullig, U. Gobel, E. Capka, I. Schiefte, W. Güthoff, K. Grüngreiff, I. König, U. Spengler, J.J. McCarthy, A.J. Thompson, J.G. McHutchison, J. Timm, S. Viazov, J. Nattermann, H. Tillmann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Abstract 1900: Age at last birth and endometrial cancer risk: Pooled analysis in the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium
Authors: Veronica W. Setiawan, Stalo Karageorgi, Sandra Deming, Kristin Anderson, Leslie Bernstein, Louise Brinton, Hui Cai, James R. Cerhan, Chu Chen, Wendy Cozen, Jennifer A. Doherty, Jo L. Freudenheim, Marc T. Goodman, Pamela Horn-Ross, Jolanta Lissowska, Galina Lurie, Thomas Mack, Rayna K. Matsuno, Susan E. McCann, Kristen Moysich, Malcolm C. Pike, Timothy R. Rebbeck, Kim Robien, Xiao-Ou Shu, Amanda B. Spurdle, Brian L. Strom, Giske Ursin, Yong-Bing Xiang, Penny M. Webb, Noel S. Weiss, Nicolas Wentzensen, Hannah P. Yang, Immaculata De Vivo
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Some studies show that childbearing at older age is associated with lower risk of endometrial cancer, but whether the association is independent of number of children or other factors still requires clarification. We pooled individual-level data from epidemiologic studies in the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium (E2C2). Data on age at last birth and/or last pregnancy were available from 14 studies: 11 case-control studies and 3 cohort studies; the latter were analyzed using a nested case-control design. A total of 9,613 endometrial cancer cases and 17,112 controls were included in the analysis. The majority of women were White (82%) and older than 55 years (69%). We estimated the effects of age at last birth using data from 12 studies and age at last pregnancy using data from 10 studies on the risk of endometrial cancer by calculating odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) using logistic regression models. Potential confounders included in the analysis were race, body mass index, parity, age at menarche, age at first birth, oral contraceptive use, postmenopausal hormone use, smoking status, and report of diabetes. After adjusting for potential confounders, a reduction in endometrial cancer risk was observed in women with increasing age at last birth (P trend &amp;lt;0.0001) and age at last pregnancy (P trend &amp;lt;0.0001). The OR per five-year increase in age at last birth and age at last pregnancy was 0.90 (95%CI: 0.86, 0.94) and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.87, 0.95), respectively. Women who had their last child at an age &amp;gt;40 years were at a 34% decreased risk compared with women who had their last child at an age &amp;lt;25 years (95% CI: 0.52, 0.82). Compared to women with age at last pregnancy &amp;lt;25 years, those with age at last pregnancy &amp;gt;40 years had a 30% decreased risk of endometrial cancer (95%CI: 0.57, 0.86). Inverse associations were observed for Whites and Asians in race-specific analysis and also in analysis restricted to women with at least 2 births. In this large pooled analysis, we show that late age at last birth or last pregnancy is a strong and independent protective factor for endometrial cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1900. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1900
Smoker's Wrinkles?
Authors: Herbert B. Allen
Journal: JAMA (1973)

On the basis of clinical and histologic examinations, wrinkles in the "crow's foot" area were shown to be caused by actinic exposure, not by cigarette smoking. By including black patients in our study, the factor of sunlight exposure was effectively controlled; in these patients (smokers and nonsmokers), facial wrinkles were absent. Histologic preparations from white smoking and nonsmoking patients, with and without wrinkles, showed changes only of actinic elastosis.
Amyl Nitrite Poppers and Methemoglobinemia
Authors: J. P. LAABAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1985Amyl Nitrite Poppers and MethemoglobinemiaJ. P. LAABAN, M.D., P. BODENAN, M.D., J. ROCHEMAURE, M.D.J. P. LAABAN, M.D., P. BODENAN, M.D., J. ROCHEMAURE, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-5-804_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Despite the increasing use of volatile nitrites, methemoglobinemia following inhalation or ingestion of nitrite "poppers" has been rarely reported, and only with butyl nitrite (1). We report the case of a patient who developed methemoglobinemia after ingestion of amyl nitrite poppers.A 29-year-old man was admitted to our intensive care unit with recent unexplained psychological disorders. On admission, the patient was mentally unclear and intermittently agitated. He was markedly and diffusely cyanotic. His blood pressure was 90/60 mm Hg; pulse, 150/min, respiratory rate, 25/min. The lungs were clear. Clinical findings were otherwise unremarkable. His arterial blood gases...References1. ARDITTIJEANDAVID JPJ. Toxicity and hazards of volatile nitrites sold in sex-shop. Toxicol Eur Res. 1983;5:189-92. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. SMITHSTAIRROLNICK MTM. Butyl nitrite and a suicide attempt. Ann Intern Med. 1980;92:719-20. LinkGoogle Scholar3. SHESSERDIXONALLENMITCHELLEDELSTEIN RDYJS. Fatal methemoglobinemia from butyl nitrite ingestion. Ann Intern Med. 1980;92:131-2. LinkGoogle Scholar4. HORNEWATERMANSIMONGARRIOTTFOERSTER MMLJE. Methemoglobinemia from sniffing butyl nitrite. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:417-8. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Hôtel Dieu de Paris 75181 Paris Cedex 04 France PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByCausative Agents in Clinically Significant Methemoglobinemia: A National Poison Data System StudyTeenage toxins: Recreational poisoning in the adolescentAltered Mental StatusSubstances volatilesInhalantsAphrodisiac Drug‐Induced HemolysisMetahemoglobinemia secundaria al consumo de poppers con ánimo recreativoMéthémoglobinémie récidivante : rechercher la prise itérative de poppersPoisonings in laboratory personnel and health care professionalsVolatile Substances of AbuseSocial drugsToxicities Of Alkyl NitritesJOHN OSTERLOH, M.D., KENT OLSON, M.D. 1 November 1985Volume 103, Issue 5Page: 804-805KeywordsBloodBlood pressureHeart rateIngestionInhalationIntensive care unitsLungsMethemoglobinemiaRespiratory rate Issue Published: 1 November 1985 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Abdominal Apoplexy due to Spontaneous Rupture of Right Gastric Artery
Authors: R. Burkitt
Journal: BMJ (1956)

MEInCAL JOURNAL chloramphenicol was administered in a dosage of 23 g. over nine days.Within four days all the symptoms had subsided, and on October 5 the patient, then fully recovered, was discharged from hospitaL (This case was described by Curtin (1949) in his group of paratyphoid fever cases treated with chloramphenicol.)Further Investigations.-Thepatient's blood, taken on August 31, was reported to agglutinate Salm.paratyphi B H up to 1 in 2,500 and non-specific salmonella up to I in 50.It did not agglutinate Salm.typbi H and 0 or Salm.paratyphi B O. On September 12 the paratyphoid organisms cultured from the faeces were reported to belong to phage type Taunton.After treatment the patient's stools were reported free from pathogens on September 23 and 30 and on October 3 and 7. On October 13 her serum still
Serendipity in Technetium-99m DTPA Renal Dynamic Study
Authors: A K PADHY, P G GOPINATH, K G REDDY, A K BASU
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A nine-year-old child was referred for a routine renal dynamic study to detect a renal and/or renovascular cause for hypertension. Tc-99m DTPA renography accidentally discovered and correctly localized a pheochromocytoma.
Breast cancer treatment delay in African American women in Washington, DC.
Authors: J Landau, N Sagy, H Young, L Alexander, N LaVerda, P Levine, S Patierno
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #4164 Background: Delays in follow-up after a positive breast cancer screen are thought to contribute to racial/ethnic disparities in breast cancer outcomes. The goal of this study was to determine the relative impact of self-identified race and other relevant socio-demographic and logistic variables on time to diagnosis after an abnormal mammogram, and time to first treatment after a cancer diagnosis within the context of data collection for a large research study of the effectiveness of patient navigation.&amp;#x2028; Methods: Our sample includes 168 African-American and non-Hispanic white women with a documented invasive breast cancer diagnosis at an urban academic medical center during 2006 and 2007. The outcome variables were the number of days from abnormal mammogram to cancer diagnosis and from diagnosis to first treatment.&amp;#x2028; Results: The median number of days to breast cancer diagnosis following an abnormal mammogram was 20.5 days for African-Americans compared to 15 days for non-Hispanic white women. Median days to first treatment after diagnosis was 21 days for African-American women compared to 16 days for non-Hispanic white women. Neither difference was statistically significant. In addition, 76% of African-American women had private insurance versus 81% of non-Hispanic white women.&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: The identification of specific risk factors associated with a delay in diagnosis noted elsewhere in the literature and suggested in these preliminary findings could provide useful information regarding characteristics of women who are most likely to benefit from enhanced patient navigation efforts. Thus far, no statistically significant differences have been identified but the variety of factors that could contribute to the longer delay in disease management in African-American women compared to non-Hispanic white women, such as insurance status, provider location, household income, cultural issues, and other barriers to health care access, should be evaluated with a larger patient population. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4164.
Vitamin D and Human Health: Lessons from Vitamin D Receptor Null Mice
Authors: Roger Bouillon, Geert Carmeliet, Lieve Verlinden, Evelyne van Etten, Annemieke Verstuyf, Hilary F. Luderer, Liesbet Lieben, Chantal Mathieu, Marie Demay
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2008)

Abstract The vitamin D endocrine system is essential for calcium and bone homeostasis. The precise mode of action and the full spectrum of activities of the vitamin D hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D], can now be better evaluated by critical analysis of mice with engineered deletion of the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Absence of a functional VDR or the key activating enzyme, 25-OHD-1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), in mice creates a bone and growth plate phenotype that mimics humans with the same congenital disease or severe vitamin D deficiency. The intestine is the key target for the VDR because high calcium intake, or selective VDR rescue in the intestine, restores a normal bone and growth plate phenotype. The VDR is nearly ubiquitously expressed, and almost all cells respond to 1,25-(OH)2D exposure; about 3% of the mouse or human genome is regulated, directly and/or indirectly, by the vitamin D endocrine system, suggesting a more widespread function. VDR-deficient mice, but not vitamin D- or 1α-hydroxylase-deficient mice, and man develop total alopecia, indicating that the function of the VDR and its ligand is not fully overlapping. The immune system of VDR- or vitamin D-deficient mice is grossly normal but shows increased sensitivity to autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease or type 1 diabetes after exposure to predisposing factors. VDR-deficient mice do not have a spontaneous increase in cancer but are more prone to oncogene- or chemocarcinogen-induced tumors. They also develop high renin hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and increased thrombogenicity. Vitamin D deficiency in humans is associated with increased prevalence of diseases, as predicted by the VDR null phenotype. Prospective vitamin D supplementation studies with multiple noncalcemic endpoints are needed to define the benefits of an optimal vitamin D status.
Popper and Lakatos's syndrome
Authors: L. Collier
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Haematologicalfindings in children from two areas Deprived Affluent p Value (n=70)Mean (SD) haemoglobin (g/l) 119 (12) 122 (12) 0-206* Mean (SD) cell volume (fl) 77-1 (4 4) 77-6 (3 3) 0.493* Mean (SD) cell haemoglobin(pg) 26-4(1-8) 26-8(1-6) 0.248* No (%) anaemic (Hb < 11 g/l) 11( 16) 8(11%) NStNo (%) iron deficientt 5 (7) 0 NSt *t test.tX2 test.4Mean cell volume <70 fl or mean cell haemoglobin <24 pg.deficiency in these children highly unlikely.Haemoglobin values in individuals show a high degree of variability, and capillary samples may introduce further error.7 Mean cell volumes and haemoglobin values, however, are much more consistent.While there are many causes ofanaemia, in the absence of haemoglobinopathy lowered mean cell volume and mean cell haemoglobin strongly suggest iron deficiency.Future studies should ideally measure ferritin concentrations in venous blood and then do a therapeutic trial of iron.In practice such a study in well babies would be a major undertaking.In the mean time our study suggests that iron deficiency may not be a major problem in white toddlers and that capillary haemoglobin estimations are a poor way of measuring anaemia or iron deficiency in the community.The latter point is particularly relevant after the recent Hall report on child health surveil- lance, which, while not recommending screening for iron deficiency, does suggest that further research is needed and that haemoglobin estimations may be a useful "screening" test.We would disagree.
Abstract 4577: A tetravalent bispecific TandAb for treating Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Melvyn Little
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Affimed has developed a tetravalent bispecific antibody (TandAb) for treating Hodgkin's lymphoma. It has a molecular weight of 105kDa and targets CD30 on Reed-Sternberg/Hodgkin cells and the FcγIIIA receptor (CD16A) on NK cells and macrophages. The anti CD16A antibody moiety does not bind the B isoform, which is present in relatively large numbers on granulocytes. Furthermore, in contrast to other therapeutic antibodies such as Rituximab, it binds with equal affinity to the various alleles of the receptor and should thus work equally well for all patients. The anti CD30 x anti CD16A TandAb has been granted Orphan Drug Status by both the FDA and EMEA. To provide toxicological and clinical material, a robust CMC production process was established with a good yield. The purified TandAb successfully completed an extensive toxicology programme in cynomolgus monkeys. No adverse clinical events occurred and no measurable amounts of antibodies to the drug product were found. The Tandab can probably be stored for a long time in its present lyophilised formulation, since no loss of activity has been observed on storage at 40degC for one year. A clinical Phase 1 trial started on October 5th. So far the treatment has been well tolerated with no adverse events. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4577. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4577
Asymptomatic Microhematuria and Urologic Disease-Reply
Authors: David N. Mohr
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In Reply.—  One of the difficulties in ascertaining the ability of asymptomatic microhematuria to predict the existence of renal or uroepithelial cancer is that the gold standard of diagnosis, excretory urography and cystoscopy, entails risks. The ethics of studies in man would generally preclude performances of these tests on all asymptomatic adults with one or more red blood cells per high-power field on urinalyses. However, the results of such tests on a high-risk subgroup, such as patients whom physicians have referred to urologists, cannot be applied to the general population. Thus, one must study a defined general population by observing the appearance of disease after an abnormal urinalysis result. Dr Heller must have overlooked our reporting on page 227 of patients who had urologic tests in the month after their urinalysis, but this does not resolve his legitimate concern that hematuria may be a clue to the preclinical phase of
Value of routine ultrasound scanning at 19 weeks: a four year study of 8849 deliveries.
Authors: C. A. Luck
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To evaluate the effectiveness of routine ultrasound scanning at 19 weeks9 gestation in an unselected population in terms of accuracy of detection of fetal structural abnormality and the effect on obstetric and neonatal care. DESIGN--Prospective study over four years. Scans performed by radiographers with overall supervision by a radiologist. SETTING--Ultrasound department of district general hospital. SUBJECTS--All pregnant women were offered scans; 8523 of 8849 (96%) accepted. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Information obtained from hospital records, genetic analysis, and post-mortem findings. RESULTS--166 fetal anomalies occurred; 140 were detected at 19 weeks (sensitivity 85%; specificity 99.9%). In 27 cases fetuses were shown to have severely crippling or lethal abnormalities; termination of pregnancy was requested in 25. Early diagnosis influenced timing and place of delivery in babies with severe cardiac or gastrointestinal anomalies. CONCLUSION--Scanning at 19 weeks with availability of termination can reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality. Scanning can be performed in a general ultrasound department with adequate counselling facilities and close cooperation between radiographers, midwives, obstetricians, paediatricians, and the radiologist.
LUMBAR PUNCTURE HEADACHE
Authors: Daniel Sciarra
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The occurrence of undesirable reactions following lumbar puncture is not uncommon. The incidence has been variously reported as ranging between 5 and 75%.1A prominent feature of the postlumbar puncture reaction, and often its only manifestation, is headache. This symptom usually appears 12 to 24 hours after the puncture, though it may occur in a few hours or may be delayed for several days. Characteristically, the headache is relieved when the patient lies down and becomes accentuated when the patient either sits or stands. In most cases the headache persists for several days, but occasionally it may last for as long as eight weeks.  Various explanations have been given for the appearance of the headache, and various factors have been noted that will modify or prevent it. Some observers have felt that postlumbar puncture headache is psychogenic2and that its incidence is greater in persons known to be neurotic.3Other investigators, dealing primarily with psychiatric patients, have stated that the incidence of