tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interferon alfa regulated gene expression in patients initiating interferon treatment for chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Xuhuai Ji, Ramsey Cheung, Stewart Cooper, Qingqin Li, Harry B. Greenberg, Xiao-Song He
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Interferon alfa (IFN–α) is an approved therapeutic agent for chronic hepatitis C. To directly characterize the effects of IFN–α in humans, we used microarrays to profile gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from hepatitis C patients treated with IFN–α. Seven patients were studied using two strategies: (1) in vivo : PBMCs were collected immediately before the first dose of IFN–α, and 3 and 6 hours after the dose; (2) ex vivo : PBMCs that were collected before the first IFN–α dose were incubated with IFN–α for 3 and 6 hours. The microarray datasets were analyzed with significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) to identify genes regulated by IFN–α. We identified 516 named genes up–regulated at least 2–fold, at a false discovery rate (FDR) of less than 1%. In vivo and ex vivo studies generated similar results. No genes were identified as regulated differently between these 2 experimental conditions. The up–regulated genes belonged to a broad range of functional pathways and included multiple genes thought to be involved in the direct antiviral effect of IFN–α. Of particular interest, 88 genes directly relating to functions of immune cells were up–regulated, including genes involved in antigen processing and presentation, T–cell activation, lymphocyte trafficking, and effector functions, suggesting that IFN–α up–regulates multiple genes involving different aspects of immune responses to enhance immunity against hepatitis C virus. In conclusion, IFN–α-inducible genes can be identified in human PBMCs in vivo as well as ex vivo . Signature changes associated with different treatment outcomes may be found among these genes.
Abstract 4645: CIP2A is a marker of reduced survival in serous ovarian cancer patients
Authors: Camilla Böckelman, Heini Lassus, Annabrita Hemmes, Arto Leminen, Jukka Westermarck, Caj Haglund, Ralf Bützow, Ari Ristimäki
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Cancerous inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A) is a recently identified oncoprotein, but its role in ovarian cancer is not known. We analyzed CIP2A protein expression in 562 consecutive serous ovarian cancer patients, of which 524 were scored successfully and analyzed for presence of CIP2A immunopositivity using tissue microarrays. The association of CIP2A expression with survival was evaluated according to the Kaplan-Meier method. We found strong CIP2A positive immunostaining in 212 (40.4%) specimens, 222 (42.4%) were weakly positive, while the rest (n = 90, 17.2%) were immunonegative for CIP2A protein. Our results demonstrate that CIP2A immunopositivity is a marker of reduced overall survival in ovarian cancer patients (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). In addition, positive CIP2A expression was significantly more frequent in specimens with high grade (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), advanced stage (P = 0.0005), aberrant p53 immunoreactivity (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), high proliferation index (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), and aneuploidy (P = 0.001). Interestingly, in subgroups of patients with favorable clinical factors (i.e. low stage and optimal debulking surgery) CIP2A expression was strongly associated with reduced survival (P &amp;lt; 0.0001 for both parameters). This shows that CIP2A could be used to predict biological behavior in the group of patients with otherwise favorable prognosis. In conclusion, our results show that CIP2A protein expression is a novel marker of reduced survival in patients with serous ovarian carcinoma. Furthermore, these results suggest that CIP2A characterizes the aggressive type of this disease even within subgroups with initially favorable prognosis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4645.
Torture continues in post-election Zimbabwe
Authors: M. Hunter
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Political violence, torture, and denial of basic healthcare services continue unabated in post-election Zimbabwe despite President Robert Mugabe's disputed victory in the polls, human rights organisations have warned.

Widespread abuses of human rights against supporters of the opposition Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) were documented in the run-up to the March election by the Amani Trust (a Zimbabwean rights organisation) and Physicians for Human Rights, Denmark (9 February, p317).

Now both groups claim that the violence goes on, undeterred by President Mugabe's re-election.

“Within hours …
Effects of Technical Editing in Biomedical Journals
Authors: Elizabeth Wager, Philippa Middleton
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Technical editing supposedly improves the accuracy and clarity of journal articles. We examined evidence of its effects on research reports in biomedical journals.Subset of a systematic review using Cochrane methods, searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, and other databases from earliest entries to February 2000 by using inclusive search terms; hand searching relevant journals. We selected comparative studies of the effects of editorial processes on original research articles between acceptance and publication in biomedical journals. Two reviewers assessed each study and performed independent data extraction.The 11 studies on technical editing indicate that it improves the readability of articles slightly (as measured by Gunning Fog and Flesch reading ease scores), may improve other aspects of their quality, can increase the accuracy of references and quotations, and raises the quality of abstracts. Supplying authors with abstract preparation instructions had no discernible effect.Considering the time and resources devoted to technical editing, remarkably little is know about its effects or the effects of imposing different house styles. Studies performed at 3 journals employing relatively large numbers of professional technical editors suggest that their editorial processes are associated with increases in readability and quality of articles, but these findings may not be generalizable to other journals.
Cat and dust mite allergen levels, specific IgG and IgG4, and respiratory symptoms in adults
Authors: Deborah Jarvis, Jan-Paul Zock, Joachim Heinrich, Cecilie Svanes, Giuseppe Verlato, Mario Olivieri, Simona Villani, Michela Ponzio, Benedicte Leynaert, Jordi Sunyer, Anna Dahlman-Hoglund, Susan Chinn, Christina Luczynska, Dan Norbäck, Peter Burney
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Transport of 14C-4-cholesterol between perfusing serum and dog common carotid artery: a shear dependent process
Authors: C. G. CARO
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1974)

Dog common carotid arteries have been perfused, at low transmural pressure, in special rigs, with serum containing 14C-4-cholesterol in the lipoprotein moiety. The magnitude and spatial invariance of the uptake of the label by the artery wall are inconsistent with boundary layer controlled diffusion. The uptake is dependent on the level of the wall shear, implying that it is the uptake process at the blood:wall interface which is the rate-limiting step in the total transport.
750 NON-INVASIVE SERUM BIOMARKER DEVELOPMENT USING HIGH THROUGHPUT MULTIPLEX PROTEIN DETECTION ASSAY IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS AND COMPARISON TO FIBROSURE
Authors: K. Patel, T. Walker, K. Remlinger, S. Gardner, D. Theodore, W. Symonds, S. Stimpson, P. Leitner, K. Hamlet, N. Flintosh, J.G. McHutchison
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Ginseng and Vaginal Bleeding
Authors: Ezra M. Greenspan
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Ginseng has been reported to produce a physiological estrogenlike effect on the vaginal mucosa, mastalgia with diffuse mammary nodularity in postmenopausal women, and, experimentally, stimulation of corticotropin secretion and altered RNA hepatic metabolism. After bilateral oophorectomy, Punnonen and Lukola<sup>1</sup>observed a notable vaginal effect in a patient ingesting an unstated amount of Rumanian ginseng only two weeks per month. A 72-year-old woman experienced vaginal bleeding and a moderate estrogen effect after ingesting one tablet daily of a Swiss-Austrian geriatric formula containing 200 mg of ginseng of an unspecified source (Geriatric Pharmaton, Bernardgass, Austria). Physicians should be alerted to a possible vaginal bleeding action of ginseng in postmenopausal women.
STUDIES ON THE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF THE STREPTOCOCCAL CELL WALL
Authors: Richard M. Krause, Maclyn McCarty
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1962)

The trypsinized cell walls of Group C streptococci contain two components, the group-specific carbohydrate and a mucopeptide polymer. Hot formamide extraction of Group C cell walls results in a soluble group-specific carbohydrate fraction and an insoluble mucopeptide residue. This mucopeptide, similar in composition to that of Groups A and A-variant streptococci, contains N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylmuramic acid, alanine, glutamic acid, lysine, and glycine. It is dissolved by the muralytic enzymes, including lysozyme, which does not attack the whole cell wall. Lysis of the cell wall by phage-associated lysin results in the release of soluble fragments composed of the elements of mucopeptide. Group C carbohydrate extracted with formamide is composed primarily of N-acetylgalactosamine and rhamnose. Serological studies suggest that the specificity of Group C carbohydrate is determined by the N-acetylgalactosamine.
Hepatocytes explanted in the spleen preferentially express carbamoylphosphate synthetase rather than glutamine synthetase
Authors: Wouter H. Lamers, Willem Been, Robert Charles, Antoon F. M. Moorman
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Urea cycle enzymes and glutamine synthetase are essential for NH3 detoxification and systemic pH homeostasis in mammals. Carbamoylphosphate synthetase, the first and flux-determining enzyme of the cycle, is found only in a large periportal compartment, and glutamine synthetase is found only in a small, complementary pericentral compartment. Because it is not possible to manipulate experimentally the intrahepatic distribution of carbamoylphosphate synthetase and glutamine synthetase, we looked for conditions in which explanted hepatocytes would exhibit either the carbamoylphosphate synthetase phenotype or glutamine synthetase phenotype. In the spleen hepatocytes either settle as individual cells or in small agglomerates. The dispersed cells only express the carbamoylphosphate synthetase phenotype. Within the agglomerates, sinusoids that drain on venules develop. Hepatocytes surrounding the venules stain only weakly for carbamoylphosphate synthetase but are strongly positive for glutamine synthetase. These observations were made for explanted embryonic hepatocytes (no prior expression of either carbamoylphosphate synthetase or glutamine synthetase), neonatal hepatocytes (compartments of gene expression not yet established) and adult periportal and pericentral hepatocytes.
Hyperlipidemia revealed by erythrocyte morphology
Authors: Clare E. Miller, Bharti Hirani, Barbara J. Bain
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

A 42-year-old man was under regular outpatient review following a renal transplant. Renal function was impaired with a plasma creatinine of 150 µmol/l (normal range 60–125). A full blood count, performed on a Sysmex XE-2100 automated instrument, showed normal white cell and platelet counts and apparently a mild anemia with a hemoglobin concentration (Hb) of 126 g/l. The mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was increased to 367 g/l (316–349), and a blood film was therefore examined. This did not show spherocytes, irregularly contracted cells or any other erythrocyte abnormality known to increase the MCHC. However the red cells had fuzzy outlines (image). This raised the suspicion of hyperlipidemia. Triglyceride concentration was found to be 26.76 mmol/l (normal range 0–2). The presence of fuzzy red cell outlines is the result of lipid interfering with the fixation and staining of the film; this finding is often dismissed as a ‘poor film' rather than being recognized as an abnormality that should be noted. It is, however, significant for two reasons. It alerts the laboratory to factitious results. The Hb is artefactually elevated as a result of turbidity and this leads to a factitious increase in the MCHC. This morphological observation can also lead to the detection of previously undiagnosed hyperlipidemia.
White and Aesculapius
Authors: ROBERT A. FAGUET
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1979White and AesculapiusROBERT A. FAGUET, M.D.ROBERT A. FAGUET, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-91-6-930_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I read with interest Dr. Blumhagen's (1) excellent paper (July 1979) on the symbolic nature of the physician's white coat. In it he states that white evokes the concepts of life, purity, justice, and superhuman power.I should like to call attention to the actual appearance of a "white coat" in the myth of the healer Aesculapius and suggest that white also refers to the physician's strict and specific obligation to honor and protect his patients' confidences.According to McLaughlin (2), the earliest Greek story of Aesculapius is as follows: The mortal maid Coronis of Thessaly was...References1. BLUMHAGEN D. The doctor's white coat: the image of the physician in modern America. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:111-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. MCLAUGHLIN J. The analyst and the Hippocratic Oath. J Am Psychoanal Assoc. 1961;9:107-23. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ROBERT A. FAGUET, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1979Volume 91, Issue 6 Page: 930-931 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...
Risk of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and low visceral adiposity
Authors: Anna Ludovica Fracanzani, Luca Valenti, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Ester Vanni, Antonio Grieco, Luca Miele, Dario Consonni, Erika Fatta, Rosa Lombardi, Giulio Marchesini, Silvia Fargion
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Effects of cyclosporin and ultraviolet radiation on growth and ornithine decarboxylase activity in cultured human epidermal keratinocytes
Authors: S. TANIGUCHI, T. KONO, M. ISHII, S. OTANI, T. HAMADA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Both cyclosporin (CyA) and ultraviolet radiation are effective in the treatment of psoriasis, but their precise mechanisms of action are uncertain. We investigated their effects on ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity, ODC gene expression, and cellular proliferation stimulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF), in cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes. CyA (5 micrograms/ml) inhibited ODC activity, ODC mRNA level, and cell growth induced by 50 ng/ml EGF. Ultraviolet B (10 mJ/cm2) irradiation suppressed the induction of ODC, ODC mRNA, and cell proliferation stimulated by EGF, but ultraviolet A (0-15 J/cm2) irradiation inhibited neither EGF-stimulated ODC activity nor cell proliferation. These findings indicate that reduction of ODC activity in CyA- or ultraviolet B-treated human keratinocytes may contribute to the antiproliferative mechanism of these agents. These results also suggest that the regulation of ODC activity by ultraviolet B and A irradiation may be mediated by different signal transduction pathways.
Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin predicts kidney outcome and death in patients with cirrhosis and bacterial infections
Authors: Rogelio Barreto, Chiara Elia, Elsa Solà, Rebeca Moreira, Xavier Ariza, Ezequiel Rodríguez, Isabel Graupera, Ignacio Alfaro, Manuel Morales-Ruiz, Estaban Poch, Mónica Guevara, Javier Fernández, Wladimiro Jiménez, Vicente Arroyo, Pere Ginès
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
The Effect of Depo-Heparin on the Prothrombin Time
Authors: J. B. Holyoke, H. J. Wheelwright
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

THE efficacy of anticoagulant therapy in many clinical conditions has now been well established. Heparin and dicumarol have been the most widely used materials, but neither drug has proved to be entirely ideal. Heparin, on the one hand, is expensive and has a relatively short duration of action, which makes its prolonged administration cumbersome and expensive. Dicumarol, on the other hand, has the advantage of being inexpensive, but the delay in its onset of effect may be a great disadvantage under certain circumstances. As a general rule, when an anticoagulant is indicated, an immediate as well as a prolonged effect . . .
67Ga-Citrate Accumulation in Breasts of a Post-abortion Patient
Authors: Edward D. Fram, Hermenegildo H. Almaria, Steven Brownstein
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

A case is reported of a 34-year-old, 4 month pregnant female, who aborted followed by completion with dilatation and evacuation a week after an appendectomy due to a ruptured appendix with peritonitis. A67 Ga-citrate scan done six days post-abortion showed symmetrical accumulation in both breasts, which is believed to be a “normal variant.”
A Light‐Driven Anti‐Cancer Dual‐Therapeutic Cassette Enhances Solid Tumour Regression
Authors: A Ra Kim, Seung Won Shin, Seung‐Woo Cho, Joo Young Lee, Dong‐Ik Kim, Soong Ho Um
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Abstract The majority of anticancer therapeutics have failed to control the target cancers. Thus, new rational design concepts are critical. In most of the biological reactions, a cascade pathway is used to activate appropriate responses. In the cascade pathway, a small signal derived from neighboring environments can be amplified and it further triggers overwhelming and specialized responses. It can be applied to achieve powerful therapeutic effects for novel drug design strategies. Inspired by this concept, we design a preferential dual anti‐cancer therapeutic cassette composed of (i) DNA/RNA nanostructures as both anticancer containers and target ligands and (ii) a gold nanocrystal as localized heat inducers. We demonstrate that this multi‐modular platform is superior to conventional cancer medications in that it had higher drug loading efficiency, tunable drug release, and intrinsic serum stability characteristics. Both doxorubicin chemotherapy and thermal ablation exert a powerful synergistic killing effect that resulted in prostate cancer regression both in vitro and in vivo. We speculate that our novel anti‐cancer drug system can be adapted to effectively destroy many different types of solid cancers.
Abstract 1351: Expression of klotho enhances the apoptotic response of cancer cells to anticancer agents
Authors: Yujin Kudo, Jitsuo Usuda, Hideyuki Furumoto, Sachio Maehara, Keishi Ohtani, Tatsuya Inoue, Taichiro Ishizumi, Yasufumi Kato, Masatoshi Kakihana, Naohiro Kajiwara, Tatsuo Ohira, Norihiko Ikeda
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract (Introduction) We have reported that the klotho gene, which is an anti-aging gene known to be a tumor suppressor, is a prognostic factor for lung cancer patients. In this study, we determined whether klotho expression may have a predictive value of the efficacy of anti-cancer agents for cancer treatment. (Methods) We performed co-transfection of klotho and GFP-plasmid into MCF-7c3 cells, which stably express procaspase-3, and treated the cells with various kinds of anti-cancer agents. We observed typical apoptosis morphologically using fluorescent microscopy and evaluated the apoptotic response. (Results) Western blot analysis revealed high klotho expression in the cells transfected with the klotho gene plasmid. There was no evidence of klotho expression in the normal MCF-7c3 cells. The anti-cancer drug sensitivity test showed that docetaxel significantly induced more typical apoptosis in the cells with klotho than in the cells without klotho (41.2% and 18.3%, respectively; p &amp;lt; 0.05). Paclitaxel also significantly induced more typical apoptosis in the cells with klotho than in the cells without klotho (34.9% and 14.9%, respectively; p &amp;lt; 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the apoptosis rates induced by other anti-cancer drugs, such as cisplatin, carboplatin, pemetrexed, gemicitabine, vinorelbine, etoposide, and gefitinib. (Conclusion) A high expression of the klotho protein can markedly increase the apoptotic response of MCF-7c3 cells to docetaxel and paclitaxel. These results suggest that klotho expression may indicate the predictive value of chemotherapy and play an important role in cancer treatment. Apoptosis induced by taxane-induced stratified expression of klotho proteinRate of apoptosisDocetaxelPaclitaxelA: Klotho(-)/GFP(-)14.8%19.3%A vs B: p&amp;gt;0.05A vs B: p&amp;gt;0.05B: Klotho(-)/GFP(+)18.3%14.9%B vs C: p=0.01B vs C: p=0.03C: Klotho(+)/GFP(+)41.2%35.9% Citation Format: Yujin Kudo, Jitsuo Usuda, Hideyuki Furumoto, Sachio Maehara, Keishi Ohtani, Tatsuya Inoue, Taichiro Ishizumi, Yasufumi Kato, Masatoshi Kakihana, Naohiro Kajiwara, Tatsuo Ohira, Norihiko Ikeda. Expression of klotho enhances the apoptotic response of cancer cells to anticancer agents. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1351. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1351
The Declining Number and Variety of Procedures Done by General Internists: A Resurvey of Members of the American College of Physicians
Authors: Robert S. Wigton, Patrick Alguire
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Background: A survey of general internist members of the American College of Physicians (ACP) in 1986 found that they did a large number and variety of procedures in their practices. Since then, changes in the practice of medicine, regulatory requirements, and availability of subspecialists may have affected the number and type of procedures done by internists. Objective: To determine the number and types of procedures currently done by general internist members of the ACP compared with 1986. Design: Mailed questionnaire. Setting: National probability sample of general internists. Participants: Respondents to a national survey of 2500 general internist members of the ACP who were similar in characteristics to those who participated in the 1986 survey. Of the 1389 questionnaires that were returned, 990 were from general internists who had completed the survey. Measurements: Responses to questions about procedures done and practice characteristics. Results: The number and variety of procedures done by general internists has decreased dramatically. On average, the percentage of general internists doing each procedure now is less than half of that in 1986. The average number of different procedures done in practice decreased from 16 in 1986 to 7 in 2004. As in the 1986 survey, the number of procedures related strongly to personal and practice characteristics. Internists who practice in smaller towns and smaller hospitals do twice as many procedures on average as those in larger cities and larger hospitals. The number and variety of procedures done by internists also increased with greater time spent in total patient care. Limitations: The number and type of procedures were determined by self-reporting, not direct observation. Conclusions: Both the number and variety of procedures done by general internists have decreased considerably since 1986. As in the 1986 survey, general internists who practice in smaller cities and smaller hospitals and those who spend more hours in patient care perform more procedures. Recommendations and practices for internal medicine residency training in procedures should be reexamined in light of these changes.