tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
How much alcohol and how often? Population based case-control study of alcohol consumption and risk of a major coronary event
Authors: P. McElduff, A. J Dobson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b>To quantify the effects of quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption on risk of acute myocardial infarction and coronary death. <b>Design:</b>Case-control study. <b>Setting:</b>Lower Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia, 1983-94. <b>Subjects:</b>Men and women aged 35-69 years. <b>Main outcome measure:</b>Acute myocardial infarction or coronary death. <b>Results:</b>Alcohol consumption patterns were compared between 11 511 cases of acute myocardial infarction or coronary death and 6077 controls randomly selected from the same study population. After adjusting for the effects of age, smoking, and medical history, men and women who consumed one or two drinks of alcohol on five or six days a week had a reduction in risk of a major coronary event compared with men and women who were non-drinkers (odds ratios: men 0.31 (95% confidence interval 0.22 to 0.45); women 0.33 (0.18 to 0.59)). A similar reduction in risk was found after excluding non-drinkers who were formerly moderate to heavy drinkers. An acute protective effect of alcohol consumption was also found for regular drinkers who consumed one or two drinks in the 24 hours preceding the onset of symptoms (odds ratios: men 0.74 (0.51 to 1.09); women 0.43 (0.20 to 0.95)). <b>Conclusions:</b>Frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption are important in assessing the risk of a major coronary event. Risk is lowest among men who report one to four drinks daily on five or six days a week and among women who report one or two drinks daily on five or six days a week.
Reproducibility and temporal stability of ADP‐induced platelet aggregation: Comparison of the anticoagulants sodium citrate and D‐phenylalanyl‐L‐prolyl‐L‐arginyl chloromethyl ketone
Authors: William C. Horne, Donald J. Cohen, George M. Anderson
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract We compared the reproducibility and temporal stability of ADP‐induced aggregation of platelet‐rich plasma anticoagulated with citrate or with D‐phenylalanyl‐L‐prolyl‐L‐arginyl‐chloromethyl ketone (PPACK), a thrombin inhibitor. Citrate‐ or PPACK‐platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) was stored at room temperature in capped plastic tubes or in plastic syringes from which all air was expelled. At intervals over 1‐5 hr after venipuncture, platelet aggregation was induced by 1‐1.5 μM ADP. Initially, the aggregation of PPACK‐PRP was nearly twice that of citrate‐PRP. The response of PPACK‐PRP stored in the syringe remained essentially constant over the interval of study, in contrast to the responses of the other samples which declined with time. The improved stability of the response obtained from samples anticoagulated with PPACK was due to the a citrate, since PRP containing both citrate and PPACK became less responsive over time a manner similar to PRP which contained only citrate. Anticoagulation with PPACK rather than citrate results in a more reproducible and stable aggregation response and more closely reproduces the in vivo environment of the platelet.
New malaria drugs need subsidy, study finds
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2008)

An entire new class of effective antimalarial drugs will have little effect on the prevalence of the disease unless they are made more affordable. Research by the government of Uganda and the non-governmental organisation Medicines for Malaria Venture shows that such drugs are “too expensive and not widely available for millions in Africa.”

In its first report on the antimalarial drugs market in Uganda, the venture says, “Replacing older classes of drugs with ACTs [artemisinin based combination therapies] is critical to ensure appropriate treatment of malaria, a disease that has grown resistant to a number of drugs, such as chloroquine (CQ) and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP).” …
Invasive Potential Induced under Long-Term Oxidative Stress in Mammary Epithelial Cells
Authors: Kazunori Mori, Motoko Shibanuma, Kiyoshi Nose
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Although the causal relationship between chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis has long been discussed, the molecular basis of the relation is poorly understood. In the present study, we focused on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their signals under inflammatory conditions leading to the carcinogenesis of epithelial cells and found that repeated treatment with a low dose of H2O2 (0.2 mmol/L) for periods of 2 to 4 days caused a phenotypic conversion of mouse NMuMG mammary epithelial cells from epithelial to fibroblast-like as in malignant transformation. The phenotypic conversion included the dissolution of cell-cell contacts, redistribution of E-cadherin in the cytoplasm, and up-regulation of a set of integrin family members (integrin α2, α6, and β3) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs; MMP-3, -10, and -13), as analyzed using Northern blot analysis and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Gelatin zymography indicated post-transcriptional activation of gelatinases, including MMP-2 and -9. In parallel, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 were activated, which contributed to the induction of MMP-13, and a glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay showed the activation of a small GTPase, Rac1. Surprisingly, the prolonged oxidative treatment was sufficient to induce all of the aforementioned events. Most importantly, depending on the MMP activities, the epithelial cells exposed to oxidative conditions eventually acquired invasiveness in a reconstituted model system with a Matrigel invasion chamber containing normal fibroblasts at the bottom, providing the first substantial evidence supporting the direct role of ROS signals in the malignant transformation of epithelial cells.
Testing the validity of the Danish urban myth that alcohol can be absorbed through feet: open labelled self experimental study
Authors: C. S. Hansen, L. H. Faerch, P. L. Kristensen
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<b>Objective</b> To determine the validity of the Danish urban myth that it is possible to get drunk by submerging feet in alcohol. <b>Design</b> Open labelled, self experimental study, with no control group. <b>Setting</b> Office of a Danish hospital. <b>Participants</b> Three adults, median age 32 (range 31-35), free of chronic skin and liver disease and non-dependent on alcohol and psychoactive drugs. <b>Main outcome measures</b> The primary end point was the concentration of plasma ethanol (detection limit 2.2 mmol/L (10 mg/100 mL)), measured every 30 minutes for three hours while feet were submerged in a washing-up bowl containing the contents of three 700 mL bottles of vodka. The secondary outcome was self assessment of intoxication related symptoms (self confidence, urge to speak, and number of spontaneous hugs), scored on a scale of 0 to 10. <b>Results</b> Plasma ethanol concentrations were below the detection limit of 2.2 mmol/L (10 mg/100 mL) throughout the experiment. No significant changes were observed in the intoxication related symptoms, although self confidence and urge to speak increased slightly at the start of the study, probably due to the setup. <b>Conclusion</b> Our results suggest that feet are impenetrable to the alcohol component of vodka. We therefore conclude that the Danish urban myth of being able to get drunk by submerging feet in alcoholic beverages is just that; a myth. The implications of the study are many though.
Regulation of pathogenesis and immunity in helminth infections
Authors: Rick M. Maizels, Edward J. Pearce, David Artis, Maria Yazdanbakhsh, Thomas A. Wynn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

Helminths are multicellular eukaryotic parasites that infect over one quarter of the world’s population. Through coevolution with the human immune system, these organisms have learned to exploit immunoregulatory pathways, resulting in asymptomatic tolerance of infections in many individuals. When infections and the resulting immune responses become dysregulated, however, acute and chronic pathologies often develop. A recent international meeting focused on how these parasites modulate host immunity and how control of parasitic and immunopathological disease might be achieved.
Long-term serial angiographic studies after coronary artery bypass surgery.
Authors: D F Guthaner, E W Robert, E L Alderman, L Wexler
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Twenty-six patients underwent repeat coronary angiography 5--8 years after saphenous vein coronary artery bypass surgery (SVCABG). These patients were selected from the first cohort of 117 patient who had SVCABG because they had obtained essentially complete relief of angina, and because all grafts were patent at initial angiography 11.2 months (mean) after surgery. Of the 39 grafts (1.5 grafts per patient) patent at 1 year, 34 (87.2%) were patent at reexamination 76 months (mean) (range 65--103 months) after SVCABG. Graft occlusion could not be predicted by the early angiographic appearance of the graft itself or its proximal or distal anastomosis. In some cases, narrowing or irregularity consistent with intimal hyperplasia appeared to progress, while in others it developed at late follow-up. Progressive narrowing occurred in 96% (22 of 23 grafted vessels) of the native coronary arteries proximal to the graft anastomosis. Progresssion to a stenosis greater than 75% or total occlusion was seen distal to the graft anastomosis in eight of 39 grafts (20%). Of 103 non-bypassed major vessels, 56% showed some progression of disease and half of these progressed to significant stenoses (greater than 75% luminal narrowing). There were no apparent predictors to indicate whether progression in nongrafted coronary arteries would occur preferentially in a previously stenotic or nonstenotic vessel, although 80% of vessels with initial stenoses greater than 75% progressed to total occlusion.
Inconstancy of "Constantly" Infused Penicillin
Authors: Martin E. Plaut
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Penicillin is commonly administered by intravenous infusion over several hours. Physicians assume that constant volumes of drug-containing solution are delivered as long as the infusion is running. A recent study of penicillin serum levels indicated a wide fluctuation in experimental infusions, even if closely attended.<sup>1</sup>To document this finding in patients with infectious diseases already receiving intravenously administered penicillin, serum samples were obtained at hourly intervals from three such patients, and the amount of penicillin assayed by a disk modification of the cup-plate method with<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>. The hourly volume of penicillin-containing solution infused was also measured, and compared to the amount the physician had ordered. Each patient was studied twice, at first while the rate of infusion was carefully watched by one of us (D.H.), and again when the "drip" was left unattended, as is the common practice on most general medical wards. The Table
Raloxifene vs Tamoxifen
Authors: Steven R. Goldstein
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Intralesional therapy with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab: local and systemic efficacy in primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma
Authors: A.M. Roguedas, H. Watier, G. Paintaud, A. de Muret, L. Vaillant, L. Machet
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Rituximab (MabThera, Roche) is a chimeric monoclonal antibody directed against the CD20 antigen. Its efficacy and safety were first demonstrated in the treatment of systemic B-cell lymphomas. We report the use of intralesional injections of rituximab into some but not all cutaneous lesions in a patient with multiple primary cutaneous follicular centre B-cell lymphoma. This treatment resulted in tumour regression, even of the lesions that had not been injected. We therefore hypothesize that there is systemic diffusion of rituximab from injected sites despite the low doses injected locally, or the induction of a specific antitumour immune response acting systemically.
Variant Form of Angina Pectoris
Authors: Myron Prinzmetal
Journal: JAMA (1960)

A variant form of angina pectoris was observed in 23 patients. The clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, pathological physiology, and chemical changes are summarized. Chest pain developed when the patients were at rest or relatively inactive. Electrocardiograms, recorded during this type of anginal pain, showed an elevation of the S-T segment which disappeared when the pain stopped. The electrocardiogram may, therefore, show findings opposite to those of ordinary angina pectoris. In mild attacks the electrocardiogram may show spurious improvement. Sufficient diagnostic features are pointed out to allow for clinical diagnosis of typical cases, and two case histories illustrate the course and treatment of this condition.
Novel Dyskerin-Mediated Mechanism of p53 Inactivation through Defective mRNA Translation
Authors: Lorenzo Montanaro, Maria Calienni, Sara Bertoni, Laura Rocchi, Pasquale Sansone, Gianluca Storci, Donatella Santini, Claudio Ceccarelli, Mario Taffurelli, Domenica Carnicelli, Maurizio Brigotti, Massimiliano Bonafè, Davide Treré, Massimo Derenzini
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

In up to 60% of human cancers, p53 gene mutations are responsible for direct inactivation of the tumor suppressor function of p53. Alternative mechanisms of p53 inactivation described thus far mainly affect its posttranslational regulation. In X-linked dyskeratosis congenita, a multisystemic syndrome characterized by increased cancer susceptibility, mutations of the DKC1 gene encoding dyskerin cause a selective defect in the translation of a subgroup of internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-containing cellular mRNAs. In this study, we show that impairment of dyskerin function can cause p53 inactivation due to a defect in p53 mRNA translation. siRNA-mediated reduction of dyskerin levels caused a decrease of p53 mRNA translation, protein levels, and functional activity, both in human breast cancer cells and in primary mammary epithelial progenitor cells. These effects seemed to be independent of the known role of dyskerin in telomerase function, and they were associated with a specific impairment of translation initiation mediated by IRES elements present in p53 mRNA. In a series of human primary breast cancers retaining wild-type p53, we found that low levels of dyskerin expression were associated with reduced expression of p53-positive target genes. Our findings suggest that a dyskerin-mediated mechanism of p53 inactivation may occur in a subset of human tumors.
Peanuts for Luncheon
Authors: George D. Lavers
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The Journalpublished a letter suggesting the use of peanuts as a timesaving lunch (<b>200</b>: 183,1967). I would suggest that any doctor advising this luncheon should urge his patient to chew the pea-nuts well, as they can be the cause of phytobezoar. This is illustrated by the following case. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> A 27-year-old salesman was in the habit of eating a luncheon of peanuts washed down with a soft drink. On the day he suffered a small-bowel obstruction, his symptoms started at about 4:30 PM. At laparotomy, the obstructed segment was found to be about 8 inches of the midileum. The obstructing mass had the consistency of putty, and on palpation through the bowel wall numerous small hard particles could be felt. The bowel above this was greatly distended and the lacteals engorged with fat. The obstructing mass was broken down, without opening the bowel,
PD1-1-4: Low socio-economic status is an independent poor prognostic factor for survival in stage I non-small-cell lung cancer, and is independent of marital status, race, and surgical treatment. A population-based analysis of 19,702 stage I NSCLC patients in the California Cancer Registry
Authors: Sai-Hong I. Ou, Jason A. Zell, Argyrios Ziogas, Hoda Anton-Culver
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Particle Size Distribution of Airborne Microorganisms and Pathogens during an Intense African Dust Event in the Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Paraskevi N. Polymenakou, Manolis Mandalakis, Euripides G. Stephanou, Anastasios Tselepides
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

The distribution of microorganisms, and especially pathogens, over airborne particles of different sizes has been ignored to a large extent, but it could have significant implications regarding the dispersion of these microorganisms across the planet, thus affecting human health.We examined the microbial quality of the aerosols over the eastern Mediterranean region during an African storm to determine the size distribution of microorganisms in the air.We used a five-stage cascade impactor for bioaerosol collection in a coastal city on the eastern Mediterranean Sea during a north African dust storm. Bacterial communities associated with aerosol particles of six different size ranges were characterized following molecular culture-independent methods, regardless of the cell culturability (analysis of 16S rRNA genes).All 16S rDNA clone libraries were diverse, including sequences commonly found in soil and marine ecosystems. Spore-forming bacteria such as Firmicutes dominated large particle sizes (> 3.3 microm), whereas clones affiliated with Actinobacteria (found commonly in soil) and Bacteroidetes (widely distributed in the environment) gradually increased their abundance in aerosol particles of reduced size (< 3.3 microm). A large portion of the clones detected at respiratory particle sizes (< 3.3 microm) were phylogenetic neighbors to human pathogens that have been linked to several diseases.The presence of aerosolized bacteria in small size particles may have significant implications to human health via intercontinental transportation of pathogens.
Australia Antigen and Hepatitis
Authors: Baruch S. Blumberg, Alton I. Sutnick, W. Thomas London, Irving Millman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

IN 1963, during the course of a systematic study of variation in human serum constituents, an unusual antibody was found in the serum of a patient with hemophilia who had received many transfusions.1 In the initial experiments, the antibody was found to react with the serum of an Australian aborigine but not with a variety of serums from other people included in the panel. It was therefore called Australia antigen (abbreviated Au[1]). Recently, investigators have used a series of additional names for Australia antigen (that is, hepatitis antigen, SH antigen and hepatitis-associated antigen). By 1966 our studies showed that Au(l) . . .
Filling the Gaps To Fight Cervical Cancer
Authors: S. Beres
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2008)

Pap screening programs have substantially reduced the incidence of cervical cancer, yet it is hard to deny the promise of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines for further reducing the burden of this preventable disease. The two available vaccines — Merck’s Gardasil and GlaxoSmithKline’s Cervarix — target the most common HPV types that are responsible for 70% of cervical cancers. In girls not previously exposed to HPV, both vaccines have shown nearly 100% efficacy against these HPV strains. But not all women at risk for cervical cancer are benefi ting from these preventive measures. Millions of women and girls do not receive Pap screening, nor are they able to get the vaccine, particularly in resource-poor countries where education, access, and money are lacking. Also, the vaccines don’t protect against
USE OF ANTI-T-CELL MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY OKT3 TO PREVENT ACUTE GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE IN ALLOGENEIC BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION FOR ACUTE LEUKAEMIA
Authors: H.G. Prentice, G. Janossy, D. Skeggs, H.A. Blacklock, K.F. Bradstock, G. Goldstein, A.V. Hoffbrand
Journal: The Lancet (1982)
The Aetiology of Pulmonary Thrombosis in Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease with Pulmonary Stenosis
Authors: D. Heath, J. W. DuShane, E. H. Wood, J. E. Edwards
Journal: Thorax (1958)

Although a decade has passed since Rich (1948) reported the tendency of pulmonary thrombosis to develop in patients with Fallot's tetralogy, the aetiological factors concerned in this process have received little attention.He considered the classical pathological causes of thrombosis, namely anoxae- mia, diminished pulmonary blood flow and increased blood viscosity, to be more important than pul- monary embolism, but he gave no physiological data to support this view.The purpose of this communication is to present the results of an investigation into the relationship between the inci- dence of pulmonary thrombosis and the age, pulmonary arterial blood pressure and flow, and the value for haemoglobin in 25 patients who had pulmonary stenosis and who died after cardiotomy.The operation had been preceded in most instances by physiological studies during cardiac catheterization utilizing techniques described previously (Barratt-Boyes and Wood, 1957).The present study is concerned with the cause of the thrombi and not with their characteristic form and distribution within the lung, which have been considered in seven different types of cyanotic congenital heart disease without pulmonary hypertension by Best and Heath (1958).In the course of the present investigation, we also recorded the incidence of medial hypertrophy in the muscular pulmonary arteries. METHODS AND MATERIALAs already noted, a study was made of 25 patients who had pulmonary stenosis; this lesion was isolated in two cases, whereas it was associated with a ventricular septal defect in 15 cases, with an atrial septal defect in five, and with a common ventricle, corrected transposition of the vessels with atrial septal defect, and the
Disease in Adopted Children From Romania
Authors: J. A. Jenista
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Despite publications from several centers,<sup>1-4</sup>internationally adopted children continue to receive inadequate medical evaluation. Over 2000 Romanian children were adopted by US citizens in 1991. Many of these families are inexperienced in the field of international adoption; they may not belong to national adoption support groups and thus do not realize the special risks of such an adoption. Screening in the country of origin and the US immigration physical examination are notoriously poor at uncovering serious medical diagnoses in these children.<sup>1-5</sup> Of the last 10 postneonatal infants from Romania consulting the University of Michigan Pediatric Infectious Diseases Clinic in Ann Arbor, all but one had been in the United States at least 6 months and had been pronounced by their own doctors as healthy except for mild malnutrition, slight de velopmental delay, and/or incomplete immunizations. New diagnoses made in the Infectious Diseases Clinic are listed in