tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
B Vitamins for Prevention of Cognitive Decline
Authors: Robert J. Clarke, Derrick A. Bennett
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Comparative Effects of Isoproterenol and Dopamine on Myocardial Oxygen Consumption, Blood Flow Distribution and Total Body Oxygen Consumption in Conscious Lambs With and Without an Aortopulmonary Left to Right Shunt
Authors: Beatrijs Bartelds, Jan-Willem C Gratama, Koos J Meuzelaar, Michiel Dalinghaus, Jan H Koers, Willem F Heikens, Willem G Zijlstra, Jaap R.G Kuipers
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
PTU-032 Would you like a Trainee to Perform your Colonoscopy?
Authors: B Arnold, B Hudson, A Sinha, C L Gregson, B J Colleypriest
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Quality assurance in colonoscopy is underpinned by a framework of nationally agreed quality indicators and auditable outcomes to maintain minimum standards. High quality colonoscopy training is a vital part of ensuring these standards and is important that quality is assured during training lists so these patients receive the same standard of care. It is understandable that patients may be concerned if a trainee is performing their procedure and vital that evidence based consent is obtained to address concerns. This study aimed to compare quality delivered on training and non-training colonoscopy lists in order to inform patients. <h3>Methods</h3> A 12 month period (Jan 2012 to Jan 2013) of data from the endoscopy reporting system was retrospectively analysed. Caecal intubation rates, procedure duration, endoscopist reported pain score, sedation usage and polyp detection rates were analysed for seven training endoscopists. Data was compared for seven training endoscopists between training and non-training lists. Statistical analyses used χ testing and linear regression in Stata 11. <h3>Results</h3> Complete data were available for 422 training lists and 936 Service colonoscopies (300 BCSP) Mean(SD) age was similar in service and trainee groups; 61.0(12.3) and 60.6(14.2) years respectively, p = 0.657. There was no difference in caecal intubation rates between groups (trainees 93.8% and service 94.4%, p-0.657). Polyp detection was similar amongst trainees 119(28.2%) as non-BCSP service procedures 186(29.3%), p = 0.71. Midazolam was used less frequently during service lists(737 [78.7%]) vs (367 [87.0%]) (p &lt; 0.001). A statistically but not clinically significantly larger average doses was used 2.3 (0.7) and 2.2(0.7) mg, p = 0.001 during service lists. Interestingly mean doses of fentanyl were similar 59.5(23.2) and 57.7(22.2) mcg, p = 0.46, but lower mean doses of pethidine 36.8 (12.5) and 43.2 (12.2) mg, p = 0.001 were used during training lists. Endoscopist reported pain scores were greater on service lists, with 223 (52.8%) trainees and 332 (35.5%) trainers reporting no symptoms, 431 (46.1%) and 143 (33.9%) mild, 149 (15.9%) and 53 (12.6%) moderate, and 24 (2.6%) and 3 (0.7%) severe symptoms respectively (p &lt; 0.001). As expected, procedure duration was longer on training procedures; 30.6 (12.3) vs. 46.6 (14.2) minutes, p &lt; 0.001. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In conclusion, colonoscopy is delivered at a similar high quality when performed by trainees compared with trained endoscopists. Although trainees took longer, caecal intubation rates and polyp detection were similar to those of trained endoscopists. Interestingly, patient discomfort reported by endocopist was lower during training colonoscopies and could possibly relate to longer procedure time. These conclusions will be used for patient information and monitored as quality assurance. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Abstract 4677: Irinotecan plus anthracycline - based combination chemotherapy in advanced solid tumors
Authors: Joseba Rebollo, Manuel Sureda, Ramon Gonzalez-Manzano, Belen Balenzuela, Antonio Brugarolas
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Irinotecan and Anthracyclines (Topoisomerase I and II inhibitors, respectively) are widely used as antitumoral agents in cancer treatment. However, no data have been reported when used in combination. In this study we report the activity of biweekly Irinotecan (150 mg/m2) plus Anthracycline (Doxorrubicin 30 mg/m2 or Pegylated Doxorrubicin 20 mg/m2) - based combination chemotherapy in some previously treated advanced solid tumours. From June ’04 to June ’09, eighteen patients (pt) have been treated. Median age has been 64 y (range 28-84 y). Eight pt had ovarian cancer, 8 pt non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 2 pt gastric cancer. Therapy has been administered as a second line treatment in 11 pt and as a third and further treatment in 7 pt. Four pt have received radiotherapy previously. Toxicities have been leucopenia (3 pt grade III-IV, 6 pt grade I-II), mucositis (6 pt grade III-IV, 5 pt grade I-II), diarrhea (2 pt grade III) and hand-foot syndrome (2 pt grade II). One pt died of neutropenic sepsis after the first dose of chemotherapy. Seven out of 16 (44%) pt presented objective response: 4/7 ovarian cancer pt, 2/7 NSCLC pt and 1/2 gastric cancer pt. Two pt are not evaluable for response (one pt without evaluable disease and 1 pt early toxic death). Median Progression Free Survival has been 4 mo (range 1-13 mo). Irinotecan plus Anthracycline - based combination chemotherapy is an active treatment in some solid tumours and it is well tolerated. Most of the toxic events were related to heavily pre-treated pt. It is infrequent to observe objective good quality responses in first line therapy resistant tumours. For this reason, we purpose there is a synergistic effect based on the known mechanisms of both drugs (Topoisomerase I and II inhibition) and an early-use first line therapy is recommended with this combination. This combination should be tested in larger trials to confirm antineoplastic activity. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4677.
Editors, Publishers, Impact Factors, and Reprint Income
Authors: Harvey Marcovitch
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

Editors would like to imagine they are simply gatekeepers who facilitate the interaction between authors who wish to impart information and people who want to read it.In fact, they are subject to a raft of external pressures that interfere with this core task.Coauthors are prone to disputes with each other and with reviewers; rejected authors may protest; readers may be dissatisfied; institutions may react inadequately to editors' concerns about probity
Induction of Apoptosis by Celecoxib in Cell Culture: An Uncertain Role for Cyclooxygenase-2
Authors: Axel H. Schönthal
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

To the Editor: 

A recent report by Kern et al. ( [1][1]) described molecular mechanisms of apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines in response to treatment with the selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor (coxib), celecoxib. In their study, the authors treated Huh7 and HepG2
New Opportunities for Out-of-Hospital Health Services
Authors: John H. Moxley, Penelope C. Roeder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Within the past few years, a wide array of freestanding out-of-hospital health-care delivery systems have gained the public's attention. Much of the current interest in these new approaches is due to wide-spread participation by large multihospital systems. These out-of-hospital services are, however, essentially entrepreneurial in the true sense of the word: most have been started by a person — often a physician or group of physicians — who organizes, manages, and assumes the risks of the business. Recent participation by the large chains has merely precipitated the spread of a trend that had already begun.The services and delivery mechanisms . . .
Simian virus 40 (SV40) antibodies in elderly subjects
Authors: E. Mazzoni, M. Tognon, F. Martini, A. Taronna, A. Corallini, G. Barbanti-Brodano, G. Guerra, G. Carandina, F. Casali, G. Rezza, G. Pizzo, C. Valdarchi
Journal: Journal of Infection (2013)
AHI-1 interacts with BCR-ABL and modulates BCR-ABL transforming activity and imatinib response of CML stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Liang L. Zhou, Yun Zhao, Ashley Ringrose, Donna DeGeer, Erin Kennah, Ann E.-J. Lin, Guoqing Sheng, Xiao-Jiang Li, Ali Turhan, Xiaoyan Jiang
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) represents the first human malignancy successfully treated with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI; imatinib). However, early relapses and the emergence of imatinib-resistant disease are problematic. Evidence suggests that imatinib and other inhibitors may not effectively eradicate leukemic stem/progenitor cells, and that combination therapy directed to complimentary targets may improve treatment. Abelson helper integration site 1 (Ahi-1)/AHI-1 is a novel oncogene that is highly deregulated in CML stem/progenitor cells where levels of BCR-ABL transcripts are also elevated. Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of Ahi-1/AHI-1 in murine and human hematopoietic cells confer growth advantages in vitro and induce leukemia in vivo, enhancing effects of BCR-ABL. Conversely, RNAi-mediated suppression of AHI-1 in BCR-ABL–transduced lin−CD34+ human cord blood cells and primary CML stem/progenitor cells reduces their growth autonomy in vitro. Interestingly, coexpression of Ahi-1 in BCR-ABL–inducible cells reverses growth deficiencies exhibited by BCR-ABL down-regulation and is associated with sustained phosphorylation of BCR-ABL and enhanced activation of JAK2–STAT5. Moreover, we identified an AHI-1–BCR-ABL–JAK2 interaction complex and found that modulation of AHI-1 expression regulates phosphorylation of BCR-ABL and JAK2–STAT5 in CML cells. Importantly, this complex mediates TKI response/resistance of CML stem/progenitor cells. These studies implicate AHI-1 as a potential therapeutic target downstream of BCR-ABL in CML.
Prognostic Assay in Small, Node-Negative Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Marco Anile, Federico Venuta
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Managing atrial fibrillation in elderly people
Authors: K. M English, K. S Channer
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Chronic atrial fibrillation is the commonest arrhythmia seen in clinical practice. Not only does it cause increased morbidity and mortality among affected individuals; it also adds a significant burden to healthcare costs. The prevalence of atrial fibrillation increases steadily with age (from 0.5% of those aged 50-59 years to 8.8% of those aged 80-89 years), as do the associated risks.1 Even in the absence of rheumatic heart disease, there is a sixfold increase in thromboembolic phenomena, and atrial fibrillation accounts for up to 36% of all strokes in elderly people.2 It is the commonest arrhythmia requiring admission to hospital and is the primary diagnosis in 20% of all new outpatient cardiology appointments. As the population ages so these effects will be exacerbated.

Patients who develop atrial fibrillation are likely to present to their general practitioner with palpitations, shortness of breath, and fatigue. The …
The Thrales of Streatham Park
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Hester Thrale Piozzi, devoted friend of Samuel Johnson, has a permanent place in English literary and cultural history, for her diaries and letters have illuminated the life of the British upper-middle class in the 18th century. Mrs Hyde has now edited a hitherto unpublished journal, centering around the 12 children that Hester bore to her first husband, Henry Thrale. Only four of the children lived to maturity. The journal itself, relatively brief, has only intermittent entries, but Mrs Hyde, skillfully using other sources, has woven these entries into a continuous fabric. She has provided a narrative account that focuses on family life, with special reference to the birth, development, illnesses, education, personality, and activities of the children. These aspects fit admirably into a well-organized picture that reveals the emotional and personal relationships, the business affairs, friendships and enmities, strains of daily living, and social milieu, and through it all bears
Insulin. Its role in the thermic effect of glucose.
Authors: L Christin, C A Nacht, O Vernet, E Ravussin, E Jéquier, K J Acheson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

To investigate the possible role of insulin per se in the thermic response to glucose/insulin infusions, respiratory exchange measurements were performed on eight healthy young men for 45 min before and 210 min after somatostatin infusion. Two tests were performed on separate days and each had two consecutive phases of 90 min each. Test 1. Two different rates of glucose uptake were imposed, one at euglycemia (phase 1) and the other at hyperglycemia (phase 2) while insulinemia was maintained constant throughout. Test 2. Glucose uptake was maintained constant throughout while insulin was infused at two different rates: 1 mU/kg per min with hyperglycemia (phase 1) and 6.45 mU/kg per min with "euglycemia" (phase 2). The thermic effect of glucose and insulin, obtained from phase 1 in both tests, was 5.9 +/- 1.2 and 5.8 +/- 0.5% (NS) of the energy infused, respectively. A step increase in glucose uptake alone, test 1, phase 2, (0.469 +/- 0.039 to 1.069 +/- 0.094 g/min) caused an increase in energy expenditure of 0.14 +/- 0.03 kcal/min (thermic effect 5.9 +/- 1.1%). When insulin was increased by 752 +/- 115 microU/ml, with no change in glucose uptake, energy expenditure rose by 0.05 +/- 0.02 kcal/min, which correlated with the increase in plasma catecholamines. It is concluded that a large proportion of the thermic response to glucose/insulin infusions is due to glucose metabolism alone. The thermic effect of insulin is small and appears to be mediated by the sympathetic nervous system; thus at physiological insulin concentrations, the thermic effect of insulin per se is negligible.
Do the Poor Sue More?-Reply
Authors: Helen R. Burstin
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In Reply.  —Dr Saitz raises the possibility that the type of hospital to which poor patients are admitted may act as an effect modifier in the relationship between patient income or payer and malpractice suits. He hypothesizes that the poor may be more likely to sue when cared for in a private hospital setting, although less likely to sue for malpractice in public hospitals. Even after controlling for hospital ownership, we found that poor patients (odds ratio, 0.22; 95% confidence interval, 0.05 to 0.89) and uninsured patients (odds ratio, 0.05; 95% confidence interval, 0.003 to 0.73) were still significantly less likely to file malpractice claims. Therefore, the risk of malpractice claims among the poor and uninsured remains disproportionately low, regardless of hospital type.  Dr Kern's study on breast cancer litigation also confirms that the poor and uninsured are less likely to sue. It is particularly poignant that Kern's data are
GP contracts should be simplified to allow more "professional discretion," says England's health secretary
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The health secretary for England will initiate a “dramatic simplification” of GPs’ contracts from April 2014, as part of his drive to improve the care that older people receive outside hospital.

Jeremy Hunt said that targets and financial incentives in the current contract needed to be streamlined to help achieve his vision to “transform the quality of care received by vulnerable older people in the NHS.” His plans include enshrining the right to a named GP for all vulnerable older people in the NHS mandate from 2014.1

Setting out his vision in a speech at the Future of Primary Care conference held by the …
The Medical Management of Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
Authors: J. M. Holmes
Journal: BMJ (1958)

13RBrfl not in a strict sense nervous diseases at all.Hence a study of pathology corrects specialism.To take but one case: the commonest nervous symptom is an arterial affair.Hemiplegia; in the vast majority of cases, is owing to blocking up of a diseased artery or to rupture of one.Nerve tissue is not here at fault, but suffers.It deliquesces (as in soften- ing), or is smashed up by irruption of blood.A man's nervous tissue does not begin to soften; it is often locally starved because its arterial supply is cut off-it is boycotted.If a man can take care of his arteries he need have but little fear of hemiplegia and apoplexy.His nervous tissues will take care of themselves.If we could conceive a man so badly educated and so curiously minded that he knew nervous symptoms well and nothing else, he would, if he made post-mortem examinations, became de-specialized.He would find that he must start anew by studying cardiac, arterial, and renal diseases, syphilis, gout, rheumatism, and so forth.Out of that new study he would get a reasonable basis for prognosis, and for the care of his patients.In a word, he would find that the pathology of most nervous diseases was indirect, and would cease to take a merely nervous view of them."
Relationship of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate hydrolysis to calcium mobilization and functional activation in fluoride-treated neutrophils.
Authors: D English, D J Debono, T G Gabig
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Sodium fluoride (20 mM) effected rapid hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in human neutrophils. Intracellular free Ca2+ levels increased after PIP2 hydrolysis but before respiratory burst activation. Both the increase in intracellular free Ca2+ levels and the extent of functional activation were dependent on the availability of extracellular Ca2+. The rate of F(-)-stimulated PIP2 hydrolysis, however, was not affected when the rise in cytosolic Ca2+ was severely limited by depletion of extracellular Ca2+. Fluoride caused the specific hydrolysis of PIP2 in isolated neutrophil plasma membranes. This effect occurred in the presence of low levels of available Ca2+ and was accompanied by the release of inositol phosphates. We conclude that PIP2 hydrolysis is an early event in the response of neutrophils to F-. This response is not Ca2+-regulated but may lead to an influx of Ca2+ from the extracellular medium. Activation of a PIP2-specific phospholipase independent of a change in cytosolic free Ca2+ levels may be the initial event in the stimulus-response pathway triggered by fluoride.
662 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES TARGETING THE E1E2 ENVELOPE COMPLEX OF SERUM-DERIVED HEPATITIS C VIRUS PARTICLES – NEW POTENTIAL DIAGNOSTIC AND IMMUNOTHERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS
Authors: M.-A. Petit, N. Ndongo, P. Berthillon, P. Pradat, M. Maynard, C. Trépo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Antiangiogenic Activity of Prostate-Specific Antigen
Authors: A. H. Fortier, B. J. Nelson, D. K. Grella, J. W. Holaday
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1999)

Measurement of serum levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is widely used as a screening tool for prostate cancer. However, PSA is not prostate specific, having been detected in breast, lung, and uterine cancers. In one study, patients whose breast tumors had higher levels of PSA had a better prognosis than patients whose tumors had lower PSA levels. To test the hypothesis that PSA may have antiangiogenic properties, we evaluated the effects of PSA on endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, which are key steps in angiogenesis, the process by which tumors develop a blood supply.To assess the antiproliferative effects of PSA, we treated bovine endothelial cells and human endothelial cell lines (HUVEC and HMVEC-d) with purified human PSA (0.1-10 microM) and then stimulated them with 10 ng/mL fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). Effects on FGF-2- or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-stimulated endothelial cell migration, invasion, and tube formation were measured by use of one cell line only (HUVEC). PSA was administered to mice at 9 microM for 11 consecutive days after intravenous inoculation of B16BL6 melanoma cells to assess its ability to inhibit the formation of lung colonies (i.e., metastatic tumors).PSA inhibited endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and invasion at IC(50) (i. e., the concentration at which inhibition was 50%) values ranging from 0.3-5 microM. In addition, PSA inhibited endothelial cell responses to both angiogenic stimulators tested, FGF-2 and VEGF. In a mouse model of metastatic disease, daily PSA treatment resulted in a 40% reduction in the mean number of lung tumor nodules compared with phosphate-buffered saline treatment (two-sided P =.003).To our knowledge, this is the first report that PSA may function in tumors as an endogenous antiangiogenic protein. This function may explain, in part, the naturally slow progression of prostate cancer. Our findings call into question various strategies to inhibit the expression of PSA in the treatment of prostate cancer.