tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Peripheral Neuritis Connected with Pregnancy and the Puerperal State
Authors: E. S. Reynolds
Journal: BMJ (1897)

1 8 K,IM,A JOURNALJ.to whether the patient had ever before gone through an attack of the disease.(4)-Cases wvho had 'Fzuieredfrom Tylphoid at a Previous Date.o 6 Date of Dvo a E a i is ase.Reaction.Remarks.z u nation.0 lsae 126 I6/3/97 6 montlhs None 127 27/5/97 M. 21 I year 128 12/6,97 F. i6 I4 months Imperfect Now suffering from tu- berculous peritonitis with pyrexia.(5)-Unclassed Cases.27/2/97 M. 221 26th day None Apparently typhoid cli- 30/3/97 M. 22 57th ,, ,, nically, with one hmemorrhage,but temper- ature remained elevated, and death en- 229 < ,sued, the post-mortem l9 lexamination revealing general tuberculosis, slthough Peyer's patches were pro- minent and dis-42 lcoloured.130 265/97 M. rd ueek ,, IA suspicious case of pyrexia in an alcoholie subject.During convalescence there was a reJaplse lastiDg a fortnight.Could not obtain a second sample of blood. (2/6/97 F. 45; 3rd week ,, Was suffering from peri- 1226/97 F. 45 Very slight uterine trouble in I small clumps, May.Since then tem- :1 31 4 but good deal of perature has occasion- F. umovemiient ally for a time risen 9/7/97 F. 45 Ditto two degrees above normal at night.8/7/z97 F. -Movement Has dorsal caries, with stopped in jo slight hectic tempera- minutes, but ture.Had a sus- clumps prove picious illness last 332 imperfeet summer, " infilammation " lastinga month.21/7/97 F. 7 Fair clumps in I0 minutes, but field not quite clearOf the non-typhoid cases one case of typhus fever (Case 120) gave a good reaction.We can only explain this by sup- posing that he had had typhoid previously, but this could not be satisfactorily ascertained.Another case of typhus fever tested on the same date gave absolutely no reaction, and this accords with the experience of other observers.With a view to test Bates Block's statement that cases of malaria will react, we obtained serum from a well-marked case of this disease (Case 124), both during a paroxysm and in the interval, and at neither period was any reaction observed.Of the total cases examined, 34 were obtained from the Belfast Royal Hospital, 37 from the Belfast Union Fever Hospital and Infirmary, 8 from the Ulster Hospital for Women and Children, 8 from the Queen Street Hospital for Sick Children, and 9 from the Garrison Hospital.The remaining 36 cases were sent in by private practitioners.Our warmest thanks are due to Dr. J.
Coexistence of trisomies of chromosomes 12 and 19 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia occurs exclusively in the rare IgG-positive variant
Authors: R Ibbotson, A Athanasiadou, L-A Sutton, Z Davis, A Gardiner, P Baliakas, R Gunnarsson, A Anagnostopoulos, G Juliusson, R Rosenquist, D Oscier, K Stamatopoulos
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
The crooked timber of humanity
Authors: T Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Putting the finishing touches to an editorial some years ago, I decided at the last minute that “Wanted: guidelines that doctors will follow” was a better title than “Wanted: doctors who will follow guidelines.” My thinking was that doctors aren’t automata. You can’t just write a few lines of code to achieve the desired outcome; human beings are more complicated than that.

I wish I’d gained further insight into behavioural change since that midnight revelation, but I haven’t. Ruminating on the difficulties of getting people to do the right thing, I console myself with Immanuel Kant’s claim that “Out of the …
A noninhibitory mutant of the caveolin-1 scaffolding domain enhances eNOS-derived NO synthesis and vasodilation in mice
Authors: Pascal Bernatchez, Arpeeta Sharma, Philip M. Bauer, Ethan Marin, William C. Sessa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Aberrant regulation of eNOS and associated NO release are directly linked with various vascular diseases. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), the main coat protein of caveolae, is highly expressed in endothelial cells. Its scaffolding domain serves as an endogenous negative regulator of eNOS function. Structure-function analysis of Cav-1 has shown that phenylalanine 92 (F92) is critical for the inhibitory actions of Cav-1 toward eNOS. Herein, we show that F92A–Cav-1 and a mutant cell–permeable scaffolding domain peptide called Cavnoxin can increase basal NO release in eNOS-expressing cells. Cavnoxin reduced vascular tone ex vivo and lowered blood pressure in normal mice. In contrast, similar experiments performed with eNOS- or Cav-1–deficient mice showed that the vasodilatory effect of Cavnoxin is abolished in the absence of these gene products, which indicates a high level of eNOS/Cav-1 specificity. Mechanistically, biochemical assays indicated that noninhibitory F92A–Cav-1 and Cavnoxin specifically disrupted the inhibitory actions of endogenous Cav-1 toward eNOS and thereby enhanced basal NO release. Collectively, these data raise the possibility of studying the inhibitory influence of Cav-1 on eNOS without interfering with the other actions of endogenous Cav-1. They also suggest a therapeutic application for regulating the eNOS/Cav-1 interaction in diseases characterized by decreased NO release.
Risk of preterm delivery with increasing depth of excision for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in England: nested case-control study
Authors: A. Castanon, R. Landy, P. Brocklehurst, H. Evans, D. Peebles, N. Singh, P. Walker, J. Patnick, P. Sasieni
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Objective</b> To determine the association between depth of excision of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and risk of preterm birth. <b>Design</b> Case-control study nested in record linkage cohort study. <b>Setting</b> 12 hospitals in England. <b>Participants</b> From a cohort of 11 471 women with at least one histological sample taken at colposcopy and a live singleton birth (before or after colposcopy), 1313 women with a preterm birth (20-36 weeks) were identified and frequency matched on maternal age at delivery, parity, and study site to 1313 women with term births (38-42 weeks). <b>Main outcome measures</b> Risk of preterm birth and very/extreme preterm birth by depth of excisional treatment of the cervical transformation zone. <b>Results</b> After exclusions, 768 preterm births (cases) and 830 term births after colposcopy remained. The risk of preterm birth was no greater in women with a previous small (&lt;10 mm) excision (absolute risk 7.5%, 95% confidence interval 6.0% to 8.9%) than in women with a diagnostic punch biopsy (7.2%, 5.9% to 8.5%). Women with a medium (10-14 mm) (absolute risk 9.6%; relative risk 1.28, 0.98 to 1.68), large (15-19 mm) (15.3%; 2.04, 1.41 to 2.96), or very large (≥20 mm) excision (18.0%; 2.40, 1.53 to 3.75) had a higher risk of preterm delivery than those with small excision. The same pattern was seen in 161 women with very/extremely preterm births (20-31 weeks) and with increasing volume excised. Most births were conceived more than three years after colposcopy, and the risk of preterm delivery did not seem to depend on time from excision to conception. <b>Conclusions</b> The risk of preterm birth is at most minimally affected by a small excision. Larger excisions, particularly over 15 mm or 2.66 cm<sup>3</sup>, are associated with a doubling of the risk of both preterm and very preterm births. The risk does not decrease with increasing time from excision to conception. Efforts should be made to excise the entire lesion while preserving as much healthy cervical tissue as possible. Close obstetric monitoring is warranted for women who have large excisions of the cervical transformation zone.
Prognostic relevance of a non‐invasive evaluation of right ventricular function and pulmonary artery pressure in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Stefano Ghio, Pier Luigi Temporelli, Catherine Klersy, Anca Simioniuc, Bruna Girardi, Laura Scelsi, Andrea Rossi, Mariantonietta Cicoira, Franco Tarro Genta, Frank L. Dini
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2013)
Agency mediation and an understanding of the mind
Authors: Olga Chesnokova
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

This commentary is an attempt to give a Vygotskian perspective on Carpendale's &amp; Lewis's (C&amp;L's) target article. The article uses ideas that are well familiar to Vygotsky's scholars. However, it develops these ideas further and raises important empirical questions about the role of social interaction in the development of social cognition. The article provides a fresh view on the old problems and frames themes traditional for the English-speaking developmental psychology into a broader international perspective.
Vasopressin and Epinephrine vs. Epinephrine Alone in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Pierre-Yves Gueugniaud, Jean-Stéphane David, Eric Chanzy, Hervé Hubert, Pierre-Yves Dubien, Patrick Mauriaucourt, Coralie Bragança, Xavier Billères, Marie-Paule Clotteau-Lambert, Patrick Fuster, Didier Thiercelin, Guillaume Debaty, Agnès Ricard-Hibon, Patrick Roux, Catherine Espesson, Emgan Querellou, Laurent Ducros, Patrick Ecollan, Laurent Halbout, Dominique Savary, Frédéric Guillaumée, Régine Maupoint, Philippe Capelle, Cécile Bracq, Philippe Dreyfus, Philippe Nouguier, Antoine Gache, Claude Meurisse, Bertrand Boulanger, Claude Lae, Jacques Metzger, Valérie Raphael, Arielle Beruben, Volker Wenzel, Comlavi Guinhouya, Christian Vilhelm, Emmanuel Marret
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

During the administration of advanced cardiac life support for resuscitation from cardiac arrest, a combination of vasopressin and epinephrine may be more effective than epinephrine or vasopressin alone, but evidence is insufficient to make clinical recommendations.In a multicenter study, we randomly assigned adults with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest to receive successive injections of either 1 mg of epinephrine and 40 IU of vasopressin or 1 mg of epinephrine and saline placebo, followed by administration of the same combination of study drugs if spontaneous circulation was not restored and subsequently by additional epinephrine if needed. The primary end point was survival to hospital admission; the secondary end points were return of spontaneous circulation, survival to hospital discharge, good neurologic recovery, and 1-year survival.A total of 1442 patients were assigned to receive a combination of epinephrine and vasopressin, and 1452 to receive epinephrine alone. The treatment groups had similar baseline characteristics except that there were more men in the group receiving combination therapy than in the group receiving epinephrine alone (P=0.03). There were no significant differences between the combination-therapy and the epinephrine-only groups in survival to hospital admission (20.7% vs. 21.3%; relative risk of death, 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97 to 1.05), return of spontaneous circulation (28.6% vs. 29.5%; relative risk, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.06), survival to hospital discharge (1.7% vs. 2.3%; relative risk, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.02), 1-year survival (1.3% vs. 2.1%; relative risk, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.02), or good neurologic recovery at hospital discharge (37.5% vs. 51.5%; relative risk, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.81 to 2.06).As compared with epinephrine alone, the combination of vasopressin and epinephrine during advanced cardiac life support for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest does not improve outcome. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00127907.)
Increased sensitivity to stimulation of acid secretion by pentagastrin in duodenal ulcer.
Authors: J I Isenberg, M I Grossman, V Maxwell, J H Walsh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

The effect of graded doses of pentagastrin (2.7-6,000 ng/kg times h) on gastric acid secretion was measured in 20 duodenal ulcer (DU) and 20 non-DU subjects. Confirming many previous studies, the mean observed highest response and the mean calculated maximal response were significantly greater in DU than in non-DU subjects. The mean dose (plus or minus SE) in ng/kg times h for half maximal response, calculated from responses corrected for basal secretion and normalized for maximal secretion, was 92.1 plus or minus 1.7 in DU and 246.8 plus or minus 24.6 in non-DU subjects, a significant difference. By parallel line bioassay non-DU subjects required 2.8 times more pentagastrin (95% confidence limits 2.1-3.7) than DU highest response. Thus, this study shows that, compared with non-DU subjects, DU patients not only secrete more acid in response to stimulation by pentagastrin but also are more sensitive to stimulation by pentagastrin, that is, need smaller doses to achieve the same fraction of maximal response.
Dynamic transcriptional and epigenomic reprogramming from pediatric nasal epithelial cells to induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Hong Ji, Xue Zhang, Sunghee Oh, Christopher N. Mayhew, Ashley Ulm, Hari K. Somineni, Mark Ericksen, James M. Wells, Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Management of Varices and Variceal Hemorrhage in Cirrhosis
Authors: Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao, Jaime Bosch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Gastroesophageal varices are present at diagnosis in almost half of patients with cirrhosis, and variceal hemorrhage continues to be a lethal complication of cirrhosis. This review explains the three main challenges in clinical management: primary prophylaxis to prevent a first episode of hemorrhage, the treatment of acute bleeding episodes, and secondary prophylaxis to prevent recurrence of variceal hemorrhage.
Characteristics and outcome of biochemical breakthroughs (BBTS) in patients with HBeAg-negative HBV related chronic liver disease [HBeAg(-)CLD] under long-term lamivudine monotherapy (LAM)
Authors: George Papatheodoridis, Evangelini Dimou, Andreas Laras, Vasilios Papadimitropoulos, Stephanos Hadziyannis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
New start dates for medical posts
Authors: G Winyard
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - P D Miller gives an inaccurate account of the introduction of compulsory induction courses and the new starting day for hospital medical and dental staff.1 The new procedures were first discussed with the profession well over a year ago and were announced on 4 January this year as guidance, not as a directive. Further guidance was issued in April to clarify certain operational queries. As before, the wording of this supplementary guidance had been submitted to …
Surgery Without Homologous Transfusion
Authors: CarlL. Nelson
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Patients who will not or cannot receive homologous blood transfusion for either elective or traumatic surgery present a dilemma. Attempts to control bleeding during surgical intervention are not new. However, performing major reconstructive hip surgery using blood-saving and retrieving techniques without the use of homologous blood transfusion is not a frequent procedure. Consequently, there is little or no information available. In the past two years, we have successfully combined the use of hypotensive anesthesia and intraoperative autotransfusion in a group of patients whose religious beliefs prohibited homologous transfusion. Hypotensive anesthesia significantly lowered the amount of blood loss by 50% in this group of patients and aided in the insertion of acrylic cement. Also, 40% of the blood lost at surgery could be retrieved and replaced by intraoperative autotransfusion. Lesser amounts could be obtained in patients who bled little at surgery. The data suggest that intraoperative autotransfusion provides
A randomised study of screening for colorectal cancer using faecal occult blood testing: results after 13 years and seven biennial screening rounds
Authors: O D Jorgensen
Journal: Gut (2002)

Background: Three randomised trials have demonstrated reduction in mortality from colorectal cancer (CRC) by repeated screening with faecal occult blood tests, including the trial presented here, which is the only one still in progress. Aims: To evaluate reduction in mortality after seven screening rounds and the possible influence of compliance on mortality from CRC. Methods: At Funen in Denmark, random allocation to biennial screening with Hemoccult-II in 30 967 subjects aged 45–75 years and 30 966 controls was performed in 1985 from a population of 137 485 of the same age. Only participants who completed the first screening round were invited for further screening. Colonoscopy was offered if the test was positive. The primary end point was death from CRC, and the 10 year results were published in 1996. Results: From the beginning of the first screening to the seventh round, mean age increased from 59.8 to 70.0 years in the screening and control groups, and the male/female ratio decreased from 0.92 to 0.81. Those who accepted screening were younger than non-responders. Positivity rates varied from 0.8% to 3.8%, the cumulative ratio of a positive test was 5.1% after seven rounds, and 4.8% of patients had at least one colonoscopy. Mortality from CRC was significantly less in the screening group (relative risk (RR) 0.82 (0.69–0.97)), and the reduction in mortality was most pronounced above the sigmoid colon. After seven rounds, RR was reduced to less than 0.70 compared with controls. Mortality rates from causes other than CRC did not differ. Non-responders had a significantly increased risk of death from CRC compared with those who accepted the full programme. Subjects who accepted the first screening, but not subsequent ones, demonstrated a tendency towards increased risk. Conclusions: The persistent reduction in mortality from CRC in a biennial screening program with Hemoccult-II, and a reduction in RR to less than 0.70 in those adhering to the programme, support attempts to introduce larger scale population screening programmes. The smaller effect on mortality from CRC in the rectum and sigmoid colon suggests evaluation by additional flexible sigmoidoscopy with longer intervals.
Post-adolescent acne: a review of clinical features
Authors: V. GOULDEN, S.M. CLARK, W.J. CUNLIFFE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Acne is usually recognized as a disorder of adolescence. However, the referral of patients over the age of 25 years with acne has significantly increased over the past 10 years. The clinical features of 200 patients over the age of 25 years, referred to our department for treatment of acne. were evaluated with a view to establishing possible aetiological factors. There were 152 (76%) women and 48 (24%) men. The mean age of the patients was 35.5 years (range 25‐55 years). The acne was mild or moderate in severity, consisting principlly of inflammatory lesion, with mean total acne grade (Leeds Grading Scale) of 1.125 for men and 0.75 for women. Most patients had persistent acne; but true late‐onset acne (onset after the age of 25 years) was seen in 28 (18.4%) of women and four (8.3%) of men. Thirty‐seven per cent of women had features of hyperandrogenicity. One hundred and sixty‐four patients (82%) had failed to respond to multiple courses of antibiotics, and 64 (32%) had relapsed after treatment with one or more courses of isotretinoin. External factors, such as cosmetics. drugs and occupation, were not found to be significant aetiological factor. A family history revealed that 100 (50%) of patients had a first‐degree relative with post‐adolescent acne. Patients with post‐adolescent acne appear to represent an increasingly important population of acne sufferers. External factors do not seem to have a significant aetiological role. Two main clinical groups were identified: those with persistent acne and those with late‐onset acne. A minority of women also had features of hyperandrogenicity. These patients, and those with late‐onset acne, may represent a subgroup who have underlying abnormalities of ovarian, adrenal or local androgen metabolism, and require separate investigation.
Hyponatremia and Ultramarathons-Reply
Authors: S. Robert Lathan
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In Reply.—  The purpose of our article was to point out that hyponatremia is a serious life-threatening electrolyte disorder in ultramarathon runners. The likelihood of this syndrome developing in shorter-duration events appears low.  Most of the published guidelines for athletes indicate the need to replace water losses without addressing salt losses. Both of the above letters are in agreement with our postulate that salt balance as well as water balance in participants of ultramarathon events should be considered.  The observations of Hiller et al are consistent with our feelings. However, ultramarathon participants on foot are more likely to be water overloaded, with frequent aid stations every mile or two, than triathlon competitors, who spend the majority of the time cycling. Runners are encouraged to drink water liberally at these rest stops, whereas triathletes may find it difficult to consume equal amounts of water while cycling.  There are many mechanisms leading
FDA shuts down human tissue company
Authors: Fred Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A company in New Jersey that supplied human tissue for surgical procedures and transplants has been accused of conspiring to steal tissue from the corpses of people who never gave permission to be donors.

After an investigation by the US Food and Drug Administration and the Brooklyn District Attorney's Office, which lasted more than 18 months, a 122 count indictment was served on Michael Mastromarino, owner and executive director of Biomedical Tissue Services of Fort Lee, New Jersey, and funeral home directors Joseph Micelli, Lee Crucetta, and Christopher Aldorasi.

The four defendants allegedly forged death certificates and consent forms for organ donation. They have also been charged with enterprise corruption, body stealing and opening graves, …
Knowledge of cardiothoracic ratio adds to cardiovascular risk stratification
Authors: C. Hart, G. D. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Hemingway et al report that cardiothoracic ratio in healthy middle aged men predicted coronary heart disease, using data from 1203 men in the Whitehall study.1This increased risk was mainly restricted to men with the greatest cardiothoracic ratio, with little evidence of a dose-response association. We have repeated the analysis on 5734 men from the west of Scotland collaborative study, 2 3 who were aged 35-64 when they were screened in 1970-3 and had …
The Emergence of Kaposi's Sarcoma–Associated Herpesvirus (Human Herpesvirus 8)
Authors: Patrick S. Moore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

The concept of emerging “new” pathogens is somewhat misnamed, since these pathogens are usually old infections that have newly adapted to social and technological changes. Such is the case for Kaposi's sarcoma–associated herpesvirus, also referred to as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), which was first described in 1994 and is the subject of two articles, one by Luppi et al.1 and one by Pauk et al.,2 in this issue of the Journal. HHV-8 is closely related to the Epstein–Barr virus (human herpesvirus 4) and infects CD19+ B cells as well as the endothelial-derived spindle cells of Kaposi's sarcoma lesions.3 In addition . . .
Hypoallergenicity, Growth and Tolerance of an Amino Acid Based Formula (AAF) with Synbiotics in Allergic and Healthy Infants and Children
Authors: B.M. Harvey, S.M. Gillman, J.E. Langford, T.D. Green, R.H. Schwartz, A.W. Burks
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)