tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
When Does Depression Become an Illness?
Authors: HUGO J. ZEE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Editorials1 May 1977When Does Depression Become an Illness?HUGO J. ZEE, M.D.HUGO J. ZEE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-5-648 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptWe all develop from a state of helplessness and dependence to a state of relative mastery and autonomy. Just as it is said that our children are given in loan to us, so, equally, as children we must learn that parents and possessions are only temporary. To appreciate and care for what is ours only for a time—that is a task to be mastered in growing up. Failing that task, whether for reasons of envy or greed, can lead to bitter disappointments at what we falsely assumed was ours forever.Separation is learned from an early age onward. We experience... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1977Volume 86, Issue 5Page: 648-649KeywordsChildren Issue Published: 1 May 1977 PDF DownloadLoading ...
HYDROGEN SULFIDE THERAPY ATTENUATES ISCHEMIA-INDUCED HEART FAILURE VIA NRF2 AND NRF1 SIGNALING
Authors: John W. Calvert, Marah Elston, Saurabh Jha, Susheel Gundewar, Juan Pablo Aragon, David Bennett Grinsfelder, Arun Ramachandran, John W. Elrod, David J. Lefer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Resetting of ventricular tachycardia with electrocardiographic fusion: incidence and significance.
Authors: M E Rosenthal, N J Stamato, J M Almendral, C D Gottlieb, M E Josephson
Journal: Circulation (1988)

The incidence and significance of fusion of the QRS complex during resetting of sustained ventricular tachycardias (VTs) was determined in 53 VTs induced by programmed stimulation in 46 patients with prior myocardial infarction. All 53 VTs were reset with one or two extrastimuli delivered at the right ventricular apex (RVA); 29 (54.7%) demonstrated fusion of the VT QRS complex coincident with the extrastimulus resetting the VT. Activation time at the RVA during VT (measured from the onset of the VT QRS complex to the first rapid deflection of the RVA electrogram) was longer in VT reset with fusion compared with those without fusion (91 +/- 30 vs 33 +/- 32 msec; p less than .001). A right bundle branch block VT QRS morphology and a rightward and inferior axis were more common in VT reset with electrocardiographic (ECG) fusion. Additionally, the shortest return cycle following the extrastimulus resetting the VT was shorter in VT reset with ECG fusion compared with those without (327 +/- 66 vs 423 +/- 84 msec; p less than .001). Fusion of the endocardial electrogram recorded at the site of VT origin was noted in 11 of 15 VTs that were reset while a recording catheter was positioned at this site, including all eight VTs with evidence of surface ECG fusion and three of seven VTs without fusion. Seventeen VTs were reset from the right ventricular outflow tract as well as the RVA; eight demonstrated QRS fusion at both sites, five from the right ventricular outflow tract only, and four from neither site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Clinical and angiographic outcomes in patients with previous coronary artery bypass graft surgery treated with primary balloon angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Gregg W. Stone, Bruce R. Brodie, John J. Griffin, Lorelei Grines, Judith Boura, William W. O’Neill, Cindy L. Grines
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Fatal perforation with subcutaneous emphysema complicating ERCP
Authors: I. Beintaris, D. Polymeros, Ι. Papanikolaou, C. Kontopoulou, A. Kourikou, A. Sioulas, N. Danias, G. Dimitriadis, K. Triantafyllou
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

An 80-year-old man was admitted for cholestatic jaundice. He had undergone Billroth II gastrectomy 32 years earlier due to an ulcer. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed choledocholithiasis. At endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), reverse sphincterotomy, balloon dilation of the sphincterotomy, and bile duct stone removal were performed ([Fig. 1] and [Fig. 2]). Shortly afterwards the patient complained of epigastric pain accompanied by abdominal, thoracic, and supraclavicular crepitus. Computed tomography (CT) revealed significant subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, left pneumothorax, pneumoperitoneum, retropneumoperitoneum, fluid collection in the abdomen and pelvis, and pleural effusion with atelectasis ([Fig. 3] and [Fig. 4]). Surgical intervention was not undertaken, due to the patient's comorbidities and poor performance status; he was treated with nasogastric suction, hydration, and antibiotics, but 1 day later became febrile. Emergency CT ([Fig. 5]) showed reduction of the pneumoperitoneum, retropneumoperitoneum, pneumothorax, and subcutaneous emphysema, but an increase in the right pleural effusion and atelectasis. He gradually deteriorated and finally succumbed to his illness amidst respiratory distress and sepsis.
Gap Junction Uncoupler Heptanol Prevents Cell-to-Cell Progression of Hypercontracture and Limits Necrosis During Myocardial Reperfusion
Authors: David Garcia-Dorado, Javier Inserte, Marisol Ruiz-Meana, Miguel A. González, Julia Solares, Margarita Juliá, José A. Barrabés, J. Soler-Soler
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that chemical interaction through gap junctions may result in cell-to-cell progression of hypercontracture and that this phenomenon contributes to the final extent of reperfused infarcts. Methods and Results Cell-to-cell transmission of hypercontracture was studied in pairs of freshly isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes. Hypercontracture induced by microinjection of a solution containing 1 mmol/L Ca 2+ and 2% lucifer yellow (LY) was transmitted to the adjacent cell (11 of 11 pairs), and the gap junction uncoupler heptanol (2 mmol/L) prevented transmission in 6 of 8 pairs ( P =.003), with a perfect association between passage of the LY and transmission of hypercontracture. In the isolated, perfused rat heart submitted to 30 minutes of hypoxia, addition of heptanol to the perfusion media during the first 15 minutes of reoxygenation had a dose-related protective effect against the oxygen paradox, as demonstrated by a reduction of diastolic pressure and marked recovery of developed pressure ( P &lt;.001), as well as less lactate dehydrogenase release during reoxygenation ( P &lt;.001) and less contraction band necrosis ( P &lt;.001) than controls. In the in situ pig heart submitted to 48 minutes of coronary occlusion, the intracoronary infusion of heptanol during the first 15 minutes of reperfusion at a final concentration of 1 mmol/L limited myocardial shrinkage, reflecting hypercontracture ( P &lt;.05), reduced infarct size after 5 hours of reperfusion by 54% ( P =.04), and modified infarct geometry with a characteristic fragmentation of the area of necrosis. Heptanol at 1 mmol/L had no significant effect on contractility of nonischemic myocardium. Conclusions These results demonstrate that hypercontracture may be transmitted to adjacent myocytes through gap junctions and that heptanol may interfere with this transmission and reduce the final extent of myocardial necrosis during reoxygenation or reperfusion. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis tested and open a new approach to limitation of infarct size by pharmacological control of gap junction conductance.
Retinal Vessel Leakage at High Altitude
Authors: Gabriel Willmann, M. Dominik Fischer, Andreas Schatz, Kai Schommer, Florian Gekeler
Journal: JAMA (2013)

should be distinguished from rationing and that parsimony is a virtue to which all physicians should strive in the practice of medicine. 2owever, we disagree with the statement in the article that "Both parsimonious medicine and rationing aim to reduce resource use."The aim of medical parsimony is to provide the care necessary for the patient's good, not to reduce resource use (although it may in addition preserve resources 3 )-a difference in intention that helps form the foundation for the ethical distinction between parsimonious medicine and rationing.We suspect Tilburt and Cassel might agree because they note the role of beneficence and nonmaleficence in underpinning parsimony.But language is important, and in this case it should not confuse a well-developed rationale for parsimony in medical practice.
Etv4 and Etv5 are required downstream of GDNF and Ret for kidney branching morphogenesis
Authors: Benson C Lu, Cristina Cebrian, Xuan Chi, Satu Kuure, Richard Kuo, Carlton M Bates, Silvia Arber, John Hassell, Lesley MacNeil, Masato Hoshi, Sanjay Jain, Naoya Asai, Masahide Takahashi, Kai M Schmidt-Ott, Jonathan Barasch, Vivette D'Agati, Frank Costantini
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
CEACAM2 negatively regulates hemi (ITAM-bearing) GPVI and CLEC-2 pathways and thrombus growth in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Musaed M. Alshahrani, Eunice Yang, Jana Yip, Simona S. Ghanem, Simon L. Abdallah, Anthony M. deAngelis, Cindy J. O’Malley, Fatemeh Moheimani, Sonia M. Najjar, Denise E. Jackson
Journal: Blood (2014)
Serial Bone Scanning Using Technetium 99m Diphosphonate in Patients Undergoing Cyclical Combination Chemotherapy for Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: J. L. ALEXANDER, P. J. GILLESPIE, G. A. EDELSTYN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1976)

Serial bone scans and uptake measurements with 99mTc labeled diphosphonate were performed on patients with osseous metastases from primary breast cancer. Eleven of 18 patients showed a transient worsening of the scan appearance shortly after cyclical combination chemotherapy was commenced. The appearance of this “flare” effect could not be correlated significantly with the patients' response to treatment. It is stressed that an apparently deteriorating 99mTc diphosphonate bone scan is not an adequate basis on which to terminate a particular therapeutic regime. We have previously reported similar results for a series in which 87mSr was the scanning agent.
The Peripheral Blood Vessels.
Authors: Edward A. Edwards
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The keynote of this monograph is (as one contributor puts it) to "set the stage for a mechanistic cellular and subcellular approach to the peripheral circulation." It is based on a symposium on the pathological physiology and anatomy of the peripheral vessels sponsored in 1962 by the International Academy of Pathology. The purpose is partly to call attention to the current state of knowledge and, more significantly, to make known new directions, awaken the scientific imagination, and direct work into new and fruitful channels. Thirteen authors from various fields each discuss some aspect of normal anatomy and physiology, etiologic factors, or pathological manifestations. The subject matter relates mainly to arteries and capillaries and is about equally divided between the normal and the diseased state. Fawcett, through electron microscopy, shows that capillary endothelium varies considerably in thickness and in the number and size of pores, a matter of considerable importance in
Clustering of allergenic pollen on the basis of skin responses of atopic patients by matrix analysis
Authors: E. Kosman, A. Eshel, N. Keynan, Y. Waisel, Prof. Yoav Waisel
Journal: Allergy (1994)

The responses of 148 atopic patients to some 43 different extracts of allergenic pollen were tested by prick tests. The measure of dissimilarity was introduced and calculated for all pairs of allergens. The investigated allergens were clustered into groups, according to their unbiased greatest similarity, by a matrix‐structuring method. Results indicate that subgroups of allergens can be distinguished even within groups of closely related pollen allergens that were believed to be fully cross‐reactive. A few cases are demonstrated for various varieties of olives, pecans, date palms, and turf grasses and for some wild chenopods and amaranths. The usefulness of the suggested solution for allergy research and for clinical practice is discussed.
Prognostic factors for remission of and survival in acquired hemophilia A (AHA): results from the GTH-AH 01/2010 study
Authors: Andreas Tiede, Robert Klamroth, Rüdiger E. Scharf, Ralf U. Trappe, Katharina Holstein, Angela Huth-Kühne, Saskia Gottstein, Ulrich Geisen, Joachim Schenk, Ute Scholz, Kristina Schilling, Peter Neumeister, Wolfgang Miesbach, Daniela Manner, Richard Greil, Charis von Auer, Manuela Krause, Klaus Leimkühler, Ulrich Kalus, Jan-Malte Blumtritt, Sonja Werwitzke, Eva Budde, Armin Koch, Paul Knöbl
Journal: Blood (2014)
Glucagon response to hypoglycemia in sympathectomized man.
Authors: J P Palmer, D P Henry, J W Benson, D G Johnson, J W Ensinck
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Hypoglycemia stimulates immunoreactive glucagon (IRG) secretion and increases the activity of the sympathetic nervous system. To ascertain if the augmented alpha cell activity evoked by glucopenia is mediated by the adrenergic nervous system, the glucagon response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia of five subjects with neurologically complete cervical transections resulting from trauma, thereby disrupting their hypothalamic sympathetic outflow, was compared to six healthy volunteers. In addition to clinical neurological evaluation, completeness of sympathectomy was verified by failure to raise plasma norepinephrine levels during hypoglycemia compared to the two- and threefold increase observed in controls. Total IRG response (IRG area above basal 0-90 min) and peak IRG levels achieved were the same in the quadriplegics and the controls. Although the glucagon rise tended to be slower, and the peak levels attained occurred later in the quadriplegic patients than in the controls, this response was appropriate for their sugar decline, which was slower and reached the nadir later than in the control subjects. These observations that the glucagon release during insulin-induced hypoglycemia is normal in subjects whose hypothalamic sympathetic outflow has been interrupted provide strong evidence that the sympathetic nervous system does not mediate the glucagon response to hypoglycemia.
Emergency Management of Infectious Diseases
Authors: Richard A. Stein
Journal: JAMA (2010)

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Retrospective analysis of attitudes to ageing in the Economist: apocalyptic demography for opinion formers
Authors: R. Martin, C. Williams, D. O'Neill
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To investigate the description of older people and ageing in a major weekly newspaper, influential in political and financial circles, to see whether it reflected ageing in a balanced manner, and to what extent it indulged in apocalyptic demography—the portrayal of population ageing as a financial burden rather than a scientific advance. <b>Design</b> Electronic search of the digital archive of the <i>Economist</i> of articles published between January 1997 and April 2008. <b>Main outcomes measures</b> Categorisation of articles as portraying population ageing as a burden or a benefit or with a balanced view. <b>Results</b> Of 6306 identified articles, 262 were relevant. Most featured pensions, demography, and politics. Of these 262, 64% portrayed population ageing as a burden and 12% as a benefit; 24% had a balanced view. Most articles therefore showed a predominantly ageist view of older people as a burden on society, often portraying them as frail non-contributors. Recurrent themes included pension and demographic "time bombs" and future unsustainable costs of health care for older people. <b>Conclusion</b> This negative view of older people might be influential in shaping the attitudes of readers, who include opinion formers in political and economic circles. Gerontologists (including geriatricians) need to engage with influential media, as well as helping to promote a professional development of journalists that is informed and knowledgeable about the negative impact of ageism on the wellbeing of older people.
The NHS is not a sacred cow
Authors: A. P. Fitzpatrick
Journal: BMJ (2012)

McLellan and colleagues’ position on Lansley’s NHS “reforms” is that the NHS is a sacred cow that doesn’t need reform.1 The NHS provides free healthcare to all but with no incentive for responsible usage. Unrestricted demand and poor commissioning result in distorted priorities and “postcode lotteries.” Reform is needed to encourage more responsible usage. A key tool, …
Contribution of Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Uptake and Basal Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity to Surrogate Measures of Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Devjit Tripathy, Peter Almgren, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Leif Groop
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

The goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of surrogate measures of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion.The homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) of insulin resistance (IR) and the insulin sensitivity index (S(i)) from oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were compared with the M value from a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in 467 subjects with various degrees of glucose tolerance. Endogenous glucose production (EGP) and hepatic insulin sensitivity were determined in a subset (n = 143). Insulin secretion was estimated as the HOMA beta-cell index and as the insulinogenic index from the first 30 min of the OGTT (I/G30) and compared with the first-phase insulin response (FPIR) to an intravenous glucose tolerance test (n = 218).The M value correlated with the HOMA-IR (r = -0.591, P < 0.0001) and the S(i) (r = 0.533, P < 0.0001) indexes in the total study group. HOMA-IR correlated with basal EGP in the total study group (r = 0.378, P < 0.0005) and in subjects with diabetes (r = 0.330, P = 0.01). However, neither HOMA-IR nor S(i) correlated significantly with the M value in subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (r = -0.108, P = 0.5; r = 0.01, P = 0.9) or IFG/impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (r = -0.167, P = 0.4; r = 0.09, P = 0.6). The HOMA-IR correlated with hepatic insulin sensitivity in the whole study group (r = -0.395, P < 0.005) as well as in the IFG/IGT subgroup (r = -0.634, P = 0.002) and in the diabetic subgroup (r = -0.348, P = 0.008). In subjects with IFG/IGT, hepatic insulin sensitivity was the most important determinant of HOMA-IR, explaining 40% of its variation. The HOMA beta-cell index showed a weak correlation with FPIR in the whole study group (r = 0.294, P = 0.001) but not in the subgroups. In contrast, the I/G30 correlated with FPIR in the whole study group (r = 0.472, P < 0.0005) and in the IFG/IGT subgroup (r = 0.493, P < 0.005).HOMA-IR is dependent upon both peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity, the contribution of which differs between subjects with normal and elevated fasting glucose concentrations. These discrepancies develop as a consequence of a nonparallel deterioration of the variables included in the equations with worsening of glucose tolerance.
Dopamine in the Hepatorenal Syndrome
Authors: John R. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1977)

DOPAMINE hydrochloride has been reported to increase both renal plasma flow and, to a small extent, urinary sodium excretion in patients with the hepatorenal syndrome, but to have no notable effect on glomerular filtration rate or urinary output. 1,2 A patient with the hepatorenal syndrome had a clear increase in urine output and urinary sodium excretion resulting from the use of dopamine.  Report of a Cas  A 50-year-old woman with a history of heavy alcohol abuse was admitted with marked jaundice, massive ascites, and moderate pedal edema. The laboratory findings disclosed the following values: BUN, 5 mg/dl; creatinine, 0.8 mg/dl; total bilirubin, 20.8 mg/dl; SGOT, 282 μU/ml (normal 7 to 40 μU/ml); alkaline phosphatase, 234 μU/ml (normal 30 to 125 μU/ml); and urinary sodium, 3 mEq/liter. The patient began receiving a 500-mg sodium diet, and 1,200 ml fluid restriction.  On the ninth hospital day, asterixis, and mild confusion were noted.
Death by injection
Authors: G. Dunea
Journal: BMJ (1998)

On the subject of the death penalty, opinions vary as much as on other controversial subjects, such as abortion, gun control, or welfare for the indigent. Over the past few months I have informally polled friends and acquaintances and found the most diverse and often quite passionate opinions. On the whole, however, my findings bear out the earlier national formal polls: the majority of Americans, over 60%, support the death penalty.



Supporters will admit that theoretically mistakes could occur, but point out that the long delays between sentencing and executions make this quite unlikely. They say that the death penalty has been imposed mostly for particularly heinous crimes against children and old ladies, for rape, or for mass murderers, …
Human Physiology (2nd English edn)
Authors: R. J. Maughan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1991)

Section III deals with treatment approaches to restore normal move- ment of the foot and ankle using orthotics, physiotherapy or surgery.The chapter covering the fabrication of orthotic devices, which is supple- mented by some interesting case studies, is bound to be of interest to various disciplines involved with the treatment of foot and ankle problems.This book forms part of a series of monographs covering Contemporary Perspectives in Rehabilitation.The objective of this series is to provide compre- hensive and clinically relevant presen- tations which are challenging for both the student and clinician.This volume clearly achieves this objective.
The meaning of facial expressions of pain lies in their use, not in their reference
Authors: Mark D. Sullivan
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

As a product of natural selection, pain behavior must serve an adaptive function for the species beyond the accurate portrayal of the pain experience. Pain behavior does not simply refer to the pain experience, but promotes survival of the species in various and complex ways. This means that there is no purely respondent or operant pain behavior found in nature.