tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Screening for Inherited Metabolic Disease by Plasma Chromatography (Scriver) in a Large City
Authors: D. N. Raine, J. R. Cooke, W. A. Andrews, D. F. Mahon
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Before introducing a more comprehensive screen such as plasma chromatography, with its potential to detect 20 amino-acid disorders-an advantage over screening methods which detect only phenylketonuria-the greatly increased problems of organization and the effect on the community, midwives, paediatric services, and laboratory should be considered. The three years' experience in Birmingham showed a three-fold increase in cases detected and suggests criteria for further investigation and treatment.
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Measured with I-123 IMP SPECT in a Case of Subcortical Arteriosclerotic Encephalopathy (Binswanger??s Disease)
Authors: NAOYA TAKAHASHI, MAMIKO NISHIHARA, IKUO ODANO, KUNIO SAKAI, AKIRA KOYAMA, TETSUJI ATSUMI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

N-isopropyl-p-[I-123] iodoamphetamine (I-123 IMP) SPECT studies were performed on a 75-year-old patient who could be clinically classified as subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (Binswanger's disease). Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was quantitatively measured by a microsphere model, and was diffusely decreased in the whole brain (mean rCBF: 36 ml/100 g/minute). After a ventriculoperitoneal shunt operation, his clinical symptoms were markedly improved, and the improvement was validated by a 32% increase of mean rCBF. However, MRI and CT images showed no significant interval changes before and after the shunt operation. Regional rCBF measurement by I-123 IMP SPECT should be performed and plays an important role in the evaluation of Binswanger's disease.
P85Analysis of endothelial cell apoptosis and intimal hyperplasia in rabbit aorta during experimental atherosclerosis
Authors: S Kryvorot, T Vladimirskaya, I Shved, S Novakovskaya
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis in the development of pre-atherosclerotic intimal hyperplasia in different periods of experimental atherosclerosis. Methods: Experimental atherogenic diet (Cholesterol, 200 mg/kg) in rabbits. Levels of lipid profile were measured in venous blood samples. Histological assays, IHC, TUNEL, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used. Results: Apoptotic index (AI) of EC and intimal thickness (Lia) were significantly increased (p<0.05) in rabbits after 7, 15, 30 and 60 days of experimental atherosclerosis in comparison with control group, with peak AI level in 15 days of experiment (p=0.001). Period of experimental atherosclerosis and increase of AI were positively correlated (rs=0.71, p<0.001; rs=0.41, p=0.008, respectively) with L. ROC curve analysis displayed the largest diagnostic characteristics for L 7.82 (5.83-7.82) μm (AUC=0.893. p<0.001) after 7 days of experiment. The results of TUNEL (TUNEL-positive nuclei and cytoplasm of EC) and TEM (CT, connective tissue, DZ, destruction zone, N, nucleus) are given on the Figures 1 (a, b, respectively). Figure 1. TUNEL×1000 (a), TEM×5800 (b).
Bridging the gaps in biomedical research
Authors: Stella Fatovic-Ferencic
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Discussionoriginal 15 EU states have some of the strongest publication records, and their ranking individually within that group changes depending on the indicator used.For example, raw numbers favour the United Kingdom, Germany, France, and Italy (the four most populous countries), whereas adjusted indicators favour the Scandinavian countries and the Netherlands.The research productivity of many of the original member countries, adjusted for population size or for funds devoted to research and development, far exceeds the productivity of the US, but productivity for the EU as a whole, adjusted for population, is only two thirds that for the US.Furthermore, some of the 10 newest EU states (Slovenia, Hungary, Estonia, and the Czech Republic) have higher indicators than the lowest ranking countries of the original 15 EU states.The four candidate countries, in general, have lower indicators than the 10 newest EU states, with the exception of publications per billions of US dollars devoted to research and development, where they rank higher.The negative geographical gradient from north to south and west to east, evident by other indicators, is also present in the biomedical research within the European Union. 6 Although the US leads the biomedical research race by most indicators, the original group of 15 EU states as a whole was not far behind.Moreover, US based journals are more heavily represented than European journals in the Institute for Scientific Information's databases, 7 therefore affording the US an advantage not adjusted for in our comparison.However, the accession of the 10 newest EU states resulted in a substantial dilution of research indicators and a considerable increase in the publication gap in relation to the US, which is due to worsen with the planned accession of candidate countries, excluding the indicator adjusted for funds devoted to research and development.Given the importance of biomedical research in economic development, we urge the EU governing bodies, along with the scientific community, to further strengthen research networks of excellence in the EU and continue to increase funding opportunities in biomedical research (as has happened with the sixth framework programme in support of research in the EU and the candidate countries, as well as in some eastern European countries not in the EU). 8Furthermore, the newest EU members and the candidate countries need particular attention to increase their research productivity and improve their indicators, thus raising productivity for the EU as a whole.We thank Ioannis A Bliziotis and Evi Papastamataki for their help with data collection and analysis.
Arming antitumor T cells
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

T cells can kill tumors more effectively if a roadblock in their receptor signaling is removed, report Loeser et al. on page 879.






Figure 1

Mice that lack cbl-b spontaneously reject UV-induced tumors.




Most tumors are poor targets for the immune system as they frequently lack costimulatory molecules and present antigens that are only weakly immunogenic. The few tumor-specific T cells that do get generated are tolerized and fail to see the tumor as a dangerous enemy.

Strategies to induce strong antitumor T cell responses—including cytokine treatment to coax tumors into expressing costimulatory proteins or vaccination with host dendritic cells loaded with tumor antigens—have not always worked. Loeser and colleagues decided instead to circumvent tolerogenic mechanisms within the antitumor T cells themselves.

Their target was the ubiquitin ligase cbl-b, which inhibits TCR signals by targeting downstream signaling proteins for proteasomal degradation. The group had previously shown that T cells lacking cbl-b are efficiently activated by weak antigens even in the absence of costimulation, suggesting that cbl-b functioned as an internal tolerance enforcer.

They now find that these T cells are efficient tumor killers as well. Mice lacking cbl-b were able to spontaneously reject tumors that were either injected into the animals or induced by UV exposure. Cbl-b–deficient CD8+ T cells destroyed tumors when transferred into wild-type animals. These cells developed into memory cells and offered long-lasting protection against tumor recurrence.

One pitfall of removing a tolerogenic T cell protein such as cbl-b is the threat of autoimmunity. The cbl-b–deficient mice do show signs of autoimmune damage. However, these side effects are not lethal, and the mice have a normal lifespan. The team now plans to test whether antitumor T cell activity in mice can be mediated by RNAi knock-down of cbl-b, as this strategy may be practical in humans.
Thallium-201 Imaging in Anomalous Left Coronary Artery Originating from Pulmonary Trunk
Authors: SUNG M. KIM, CHAN H. PARK, CHARLES M. INTENZO, A M BAHT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

A 3–month–old infant with anomalous origin of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) from the pulmonary trunk was evaluated using resting thallium imaging. The imaging findings were consistent with myocardial scar and ischemia of the anterolateral and posterolateral walls in the distribution of the LMCA.
Clinical Appraisal of Drugs
Authors: Julius Pomeranze, Raymond J. Gadek
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

TODAY, physicians have come to rely on powerful A new drugs to treat a wide variety of diseases. This reliance, which represents a sharp contrast to the therapeutic nihilism of less than a quarter century ago, has brought welcome and thrilling advances and made possible the remission of many diseases previously considered intractable. At the same time, it may have caused physicians to overlook an important principle of therapy.Paradoxically, in evaluating new compounds, pharmacologists and physicians alike have centered attention largely on relative efficacy and toxicity and have paid little regard to minor intolerances. Yet such effects almost inevitably . . .
Hepatic stellate cell immunodetection and cirrhotic evolution of viral hepatitis in liver allografts
Authors: M Guido, M Rugge, G Leandro, I M Fiel, S N Thung
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Patients with chronic viral hepatitis are at high risk of developing cirrhosis, but the outcome of the disease in a given patient is unpredictable. Hepatic stellate cells have been demonstrated to be the most important cell type involved in hepatic fibrogenesis, regardless of the cause of the liver injury. The α isotype of actin (a phenotypic marker of smooth muscle cells) may be expressed by hepatic stellate cells, reflecting their “activation” to myofibroblast-like cells. The present study aimed to analyze the expression of α-smooth muscle actin-positive hepatic stellate cells in liver allografts with recurrent viral hepatitis, and to evaluate whether and how such expression may be related to the outcome of the disease. Using immunohistochemistry and a semi-quantitative scoring system, the expression of α-smooth muscle actin in hepatic stellate cells was analyzed in liver allografts of 17 patients with recurrent viral hepatitis. They included nine patients who developed cirrhosis at the end of follow-up (mean time 23.6 months), and eight patients with no cirrhosis at the end of a comparable follow-up time (mean 30.1 months). In all patients, liver biopsy specimens were obtained between 3 and 6 months (t1) and between 10 and 15 months (t2) after transplantation. Preperfusion biopsy specimens of donor livers served as a baseline (t0). By comparison with the baseline biopsy, an increased number of α-smooth muscle actin-expressing hepatic stellate cells was observed in all cases in t1 biopsies. An increase in the amount of α-smooth muscle actin-positive hepatic stellate cells in zone 1 at t1 was significantly (P &lt; .006) related to subsequent cirrhotic evolution. In conclusion, in liver allografts with recurrent viral hepatitis, the activation of hepatic stellate cells is an early event. An increased number of α-smooth muscle actin-positive hepatic stellate cells in zone 1 may represent an unfavorable event related to cirrhotic evolution.
Acute Nickel Intoxication by Dialysis
Authors: James D. Webster, Thomas F. Parker, Al C. Alfrey, W. R. Smythe, Hideo Kubo, George Neal, Alan R. Hull
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Nickel intoxication was observed in a group of 23 dialyzed patients when leaching of nickel-plated stainless steel water heater tank contaminated the dialysate. Symptoms occurred during and after dialysis at plasma nickel concentrations of approximately 3 mg/L. Symptoms included nausea (37 of 37), vomiting (31 of 37), weakness (29 of 37), headache (22 of 37), and palpitation (two of 37). Remission of symptoms occurred spontaneously, generally 3 to 13 hours after cessation of dialysis. The evidence indicated that the nickel became bound in the plasma after crossing the membrane, resulting in a higher concentration in the plasma than in the dialysate and preventing its removal by dialysis.
Ga-67 Uptake in Unilateral Puberal Gynecomastia
Authors: NORIHISA TONAMI, HIROSHI MATSUDA, MANABU OGUCHI, KINICHI HISADA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1980)

TONAMI, NORIHISA M.D.; MATSUDA, HIROSHI M.D.; OGUCHI, MANABU M.D.; HISADA, KINICHI M.D. Author Information
Syphilis, Modern Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Harvey Blank
Journal: JAMA (1962)

In 63 small pages of type, arranged in easily readable style and with 43 good color illustrations, modern knowledge of syphilis has been well summarized. Each stage of the disease is described succinctly and with the authority of thorough understanding and experience. Undoubtedly this is a reflection of the assistance of Sidney Olansky and Evan W. Thomas, as acknowledged in the book. William J. Brown, Chief of the Venereal Disease Branch of the Communicable Disease Center, in a foreword, calls attention to the reversal in 1955 of the decline of syphilis. Since 1958, the incidence of infectious early syphilis in many communities has doubled each year, although there has not been a parallel increase in the number of reported cases of gonorrhea. The decreasing rarity of infectious syphilis calls for greater action. As early stages of the disease increase, the likelihood of overlooked early infection increases with its certain incidence
494. Assessing Lentiviral Vector Quality Using Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Lakshmi Sastry, Carole Miller, Terry Johnson, Aparna Jasti, Vince Gattone, Kenneth Cornetta
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
HIV-1 vectors are currently being pursued for a number of gene therapy applications. The infectious titer of HIV-1 vectors may be influenced by the presence of transduction inhibitors and defective interfering particles (DIPs) in vector preparations. To evaluate whether the mode of vector production or the nature of the pseudotyping envelope affects the levels of transduction inhibiting factors, we analyzed HIV-1 vectors pseudotyped with Vesicular Stomatitis Virus G-protein (VSVG) or Ross River Virus (RRV) envelope protein, prepared by ultracentrifugation or ultrafiltration, in the presence and absence of serum by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). For TEM studies, the HIV-1 vector, CS-CGW, was mixed with latex beads of known size and concentration in equal proportions, centrifuged onto formvar coated grids and negative stained with Uranyl Acetate (UA) or Nanovan. HIV-1 particles were identified in TEM by size and morphology. Analysis of particle size distribution in vector preparations indicates that all vectors contain particles that are smaller in size (30-80 nm) in addition to the expected 80-120 nm retroviral particles. Size distribution analysis of the VSVG pseudotyped CSCGW vector (kindly provided by Philip Zoltick, Philadelphia, PA) prepared in the absence of serum shows that the unconcentrated vector contains 72% smaller size particles and 28% of the correct sized retroviral particles whereas vector samples concentrated by either ultracentrifugation or ultrafiltration show higher amounts (73%) of the correct sized particles (approximately 50-100 particles were analyzed in three independent grid spaces). The particle size distribution of the CSCGW vector prepared in the presence of serum is similar to that of the serum free vector (73% small particles/27% retroviral particles). Particle size distribution analysis of unconcentrated CSCGW vector pseudotyped with RRV shows a four fold lower amount of smaller particles than the VSVG-pseudotyped vector (19%/RRV vs. 72 %/VSVG). These results suggest that concentration by either centrifugation or filtration removes significant amount of small sized particles from vector preparations and increases the percentage of correct sized particles. Also the nature of the pseudotyping envelope may influence particle size. In conclusion, analysis of HIV-1 vectors by TEM suggests that production methods affect factors that influence vector transduction efficiency.
Marxist View of Medicine
Authors: EARL W. CAMPBELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1978Marxist View of MedicineEARL W. CAMPBELL, M.D.EARL W. CAMPBELL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-5-721_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article by Dr. Waitzkin in the August issue (Ann Intern Med 89:264-278, 1978) is an interesting, well-organized critique of medicine in general. Particularly noteworthy are the lengthy bibliography, terse inclusion of philosophical principles of Marxists living and deceased, and the resultant rather unpolemic denunciation of medicine and existing political systems. Taken as a whole the article forms a useful framework for interpretation of weaknesses of medical care here and elsewhere in the world. The introduction of the concept of "praxis" has pertinent meaning on a federal governmental level.One must not forget, however, that implementation of...Reference1. WAITZKIN H: A Marxist view of medical care. Ann Intern Med 89:264-278, 1978 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1978Volume 89, Issue 5_Part_1Page: 721-721 Issue Published: 1 November 1978 PDF DownloadLoading ...
PRIMARY TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS.WITH REPORT OF A CASE.
Authors: HENRY W. CHENEY
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The case which I here report illustrates the extreme difficulty of making a diagnosis in the early stages of tuberculous meningitis. As stated editorially in a recent issue ofThe Journal, it is perfectly possible to have a primary tuberculous meningitis, synovitis, or osteomyelitis, with no other tuberculous lesion existing in any other part of the body, and it is in support of this statement that I report the following case. This child was sick two weeks before the symptoms were clear enough to make a positive diagnosis. <h3>Patient.</h3> —Alexander A., aged 3% years, had never been sick previously and was the picture of health. One paternal grandmother and one paternal uncle had died of tuberculosis. His parents were both living and healthy and being intelligent people had taken particular care in regard to his diet, exercise in the open air, etc., so that he was apparently as normal and
SELECTION OF PROPRIETARY VERSUS NONPROPRIETARY DRUGS IN HOSPITAL PRESCRIBING
Authors: ERNEST E. IRONS
Journal: JAMA (1930)

The growth of hospitals in number and in efficiency is one of the striking medical changes of the past twenty years. They have been equipped with modern operating rooms and x-ray, chemical and pathologic laboratories, and through their staffs are exerting a tremendous educational influence on the public. They are participating in the medical education of their interns and of their own staffs, who by study and contact with one another grow in experience and skill. But the hospital drug room, which reflects directly the medicinal requests of the staff, has hardly kept pace with the modernization of other departments of the hospital. The shelves in some hospital pharmacies remind one of the exhibits of proprietary medicines in a chain-drug-soda-fountain-lunchroom. It will be of some interest to inquire why in some hospitals there should be so many proprietary drugs and mixtures prescribed, where of all places conditions for the prescribing
Urinary excretion of pregnanetriol and Δ5-pregnenetriol in two forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Alfred M. Bongiovanni, Walter R. Eberlein, Thomas Moshang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Although congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency generally reveals a predominance of Delta(5)-3beta-hydroxysteroids, on occasion substantial quantities of pregnanetriol have been found as well. It appears that the latter steroid more often occurs in the subjects who have survived beyond infancy. The use of the measurement of pregnanetriol alone may therefore not be relied upon as a sole determinant of the specific form of defective steroidal biogenesis. It is more characteristic of the 21-hydroxylase deficiency. However when both Delta(5)-pregnenetriol and pregnanetriol are measured the ratio of the former to the latter is always considerably below 1.0 in 21-hydroxylase deficiency and always above 1.0 in 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Furthermore, 11-ketopregnanetriol has been found only in the urine of subjects with the 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Thus, these two forms of defective steroidal biogenesis may be distinguished by the measurement of these three urinary steroidal metabolites.
Costs and Benefits of Targeted Screening for Causes of Sudden Cardiac Death in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Laurel K. Leslie, Joshua T. Cohen, Jane W. Newburger, Mark E. Alexander, John B. Wong, Elizabeth D. Sherwin, Angie Mae Rodday, Susan K. Parsons, John K. Triedman
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Sudden cardiac death in children is a rare but devastating event. Experts have debated the merits of community-based screening programs using an ECG and targeting 2 potential high-risk groups: school-aged children initiating stimulant medications to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and adolescents participating in sports. Methods and Results— Simulation models incorporating detailed prevalence, sensitivity and specificity, and treatment algorithms were built to determine the cost-effectiveness of targeted sudden cardiac death screening. Clinical care algorithms were constructed for asymptomatic children initiating stimulants for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (8 years of age) or participating in sports (14 years of age) and presenting with a positive ECG finding suggestive of 1 of the 3 most common pediatric disorders causing sudden cardiac death and identifiable by ECG. Information to develop simulation model assumptions was drawn from the existing literature, Medicaid fees, and expert judgment. Sensitivity analyses examined parameter ranges to identify influential sources of uncertainty. Outcomes included costs and lost life-years caused by condition-related mortality. Our models estimate that screening for all 3 conditions simultaneously would reduce sudden death risk by 3.6 to 7.5×10 −5 with projected life expectancy increases of 0.8 to 1.6 days per screened individual. The incremental cost-effectiveness of screening is $91 000 to $204 000 per life-year. Sensitivity analysis showed that assumed disease prevalence, baseline mortality, and the relative risk of mortality resulting from stimulant medication use and sports participation had the greatest impact on estimated cost-effectiveness. Conclusion— Results based on assumptions favoring sudden cardiac death screening indicated that its cost is high relative to its health benefits.
Endoscopic mucosal resection for early gastric cancer: comparison of two modifications of the cap method
Authors: K. Kume, M. Yamasaki, M. Tashiro, N. Santo, K. Syukuwa, S. Maekawa, G. Aritome, H. Matsuoka, T. Murase, I. Yoshikawa, M. Otsuki
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

See also: Commentaire de travail de K. Kume et al., pp. 280Endoscopy 2008; 40(04): 451-451DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306822