tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Successful treatment with bosentan of non-digital skin ulcers in severe scleroderma
Authors: M E G Ferreira, M A Scheinberg
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

Recurrent digital ulcers are a manifestation of vascular disease in patients with systemic sclerosis leading to severe pain, impaired function and tissue loss. Treatment with the endothelin receptor antagonist, bosentan, has recently been shown to be of benefit in patients with severe Raynaud phenomenon and in the prevention and treatment of digital ulcers in systemic sclerosis.1–4 To our knowledge, there are no reports in the English literature on the use of bosentan on non-digital …
Inflammatory bowel disease in the Bedouin Arabs of southern Israel: rarity of diagnosis and clinical features.
Authors: H S Odes, D Fraser, P Krugliak, D Fenyves, G M Fraser, A D Sperber
Journal: Gut (1991)

A prospective epidemiological and clinical study of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease was undertaken in the Bedouin Arabs of southern Israel between 1981 and 1990. There were six patients with ulcerative colitis and the prevalence rate in 1990 was calculated to be 9.8/10(5) (95% confidence intervals 3.6-17.4) in the total population, or 6.2/10(5) (0.8-22.5) in men and 13.7/10(5) (3.7-35.0) in women. Two cases of Crohn's disease occurred, both in women; the prevalence rate was 3.2/10(5) (0.4-11.8) in the entire population, and 6.8/10(5) (0.8-17.5) in women. The prevalence rates (age adjusted) in Arabs were significantly lower (p less than 0.01) than the corresponding rates in the local Jewish populations. The Bedouin patients were aged mean (SD) 34.0 (16.4) years at time of diagnosis. The clinical features of both diseases resembled those in the Jewish and other reported populations. It is suggested that the exposure of the Bedouin Arabs to the environmental causative factors of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease has hitherto been limited and thereby accounts for the rarity of these diseases in this population.
Human insulin and unawareness of hypoglycaemia: need for a large randomised trial.
Authors: M. Egger, G. D. Smith, A. Teuscher
Journal: BMJ (1992)

The synthesis of insulin chemically identical to human Randomised clinical trials: little power insulin was first achieved in 1974.'It was shown to be What is the evidence from randomised clinical trialsCorrespondence to: human insulin, 2 with porcine Dr Davey Smith.insulin *Number of patients necessary to detect a relative risk of severe hypoglycaemia of 2/1-5 with a power of 0 9 at a significance level of 0 05.
Prevention of feeding tube dislodgement with the Wiesbaden rein: a case series
Authors: H. Manner, O. Pech, R. Henrich, S. van Weyenberg, C. Löhr, N. Manner, C. Ell
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

We describe initial experience with the use of a new fixation method (Wiesbaden rein), which has been developed to prevent dislodgement of feeding tubes in the gastrointestinal tract. The Wiesbaden rein has been used in three patients without complication. In none of the patients was dislodgement or malfunction of the feeding tube observed. Therefore, the use of the Wiesbaden rein might prevent dislodgement of feeding tubes. Clinical trials are required before this new method can be recommended for general use.
The incidence of atopic dermatitis in school entrants is associated with individual life-style factors but not with local environmental factors in Hannover, Germany
Authors: S. Werner, K. Buser, A. Kapp, T. Werfel
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disease in childhood. Micro- and macro-environmental factors have not yet been studied simultaneously in a large cohort of the same area in detail.The incidence of AD was investigated in 97% of all school entrants (n = 4219) in the city of Hannover, Germany, with regard to the influence of individual and environmental factors.A standardized questionnaire based on the criteria of Hanifin and Rajka that has the sensitivity and specificity of 97% compared with the clinical diagnosis of a dermatologist and a logistic regression model were used. Multiple local-based environmental factors were analysed for all 49 city quarters.Of all children studied, 10.5% suffered from AD at some time in their lives. The frequency of AD was significantly increasing with more privileged socio-economic status (P < 0.01). Independent factors that were associated with a higher frequency of AD were German nationality (12.4% AD compared with 2.1% in non-German), higher paternal socio-economic status (i.e. father's profession), higher daily duration of the fathers' professional work and the lack of paternal shift work. In contrast, there was no significant association between the frequency of AD and local environmental factors such as the biological effective level of air pollution and urbanization.In conclusion, we confirm an association between a privileged life-style and a higher incidence of AD in a large number of investigated children between 5 and 9 years of age (97.6% of children were 6 or 7 years old) for the German city of Hannover. We propose the socio-economic status as a marker for different life-styles and social micro-environments in further studies as there were multiple significant correlations between individual social and environmental factors. The macro-environment seems to be less important for the disease outcome in this context.
Effect of air pollution on asthma is "small"
Authors: D. Carnall
Journal: BMJ (1995)

There is no good evidence that air pollution causes asthma, and current levels of air pollution play only a small part in exacerbating existing asthma, says a British government report. According to Professor Ross Anderson, the chairman of a subgroup of the Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants set up to examine the links between asthma and air pollution, “daily fluctuations in the levels of air pollution do correlate with hospital admissions and symptoms, but this accounts for less than 5% of the total number of episodes of asthma.”

Although there is …
Vesicovaginal Fistula After Hysterectomy
Authors: —Howard Newcomb Morse
Journal: JAMA (1966)

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Madcam–1 Expressed in Chronic Inflammatory Liver Disease Supports Mucosal Lymphocyte Adhesion to Hepatic Endothelium (Madcam–1 in Chronic Inflammatory Liver Disease)
Authors: Allister J. Grant, Patricia F. Lalor, Stefan G. Hübscher, Michael Briskin, David H. Adams
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule (MAdCAM–1) plays a pivotal role in T–lymphocyte homing to the gut. Given the strong association between the autoimmune liver diseases primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune hepatitis and inflammatory bowel disease, we investigated the role of MAdCAM–1 in recruiting mucosal lymphocytes to the liver. MAdCAM–1 was strongly expressed on inflamed portal vein/sinusoidal endothelium in autoimmune mediated liver disease. In modified Stamper–Woodruff assays, MAdCAM–1 on hepatic vessels supported adhesion of α4β7+ lymphocytes ( i.e. , gut–derived T cells) from patients with inflammatory bowel disease and primary sclerosing cholangitis. This adhesion was inhibited by pretreatment with blocking antibodies to MAdCAM–1, α4β7, or the integrin α4 chain indicating that MAdCAM–1 in inflamed liver is functionally active. Circulating lymphocytes from patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis showed rolling adhesion on MAdCAM–1 transfectants in a flow–based adhesion assay that could be blocked by anti–MAdCAM–1 or anti–α4β7 mAbs. These findings indicate that, under certain circumstances, vessels in the human liver support adhesion of α4β7+ mucosal lymphocytes via binding to aberrantly expressed MAdCAM–1 on liver endothelium. This provides a mechanism to explain the hepatic recruitment of mucosal lymphocytes in inflammatory liver disease complicating inflammatory bowel disease.
Organ Donation and Dual Advocacy
Authors: Richard S. Luskin, Alexandra K. Glazier, Francis L. Delmonico
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

To the Editor: In a Perspective article in this issue of the Journal, Truog provides his views on organ donation, suggesting that the pendulum between the need for transplantable organs and the rights of potential donors' families “has swung too far in the direction of procuring organs.”1 Truog asserts that consent for organ donation is obtained “at the expense of commitments that are fundamental to the patient–physician relationship.” We disagree with this description because it does not reflect current consent practices. In practice, there is a confluence between the ethical commitments that Truog outlines: “that the desires of people who . . .
B-less: a strain of profoundly B cell-deficient mice expressing a human lambda transgene.
Authors: T J Vasicek, D A Levinson, E V Schmidt, J Campos-Torres, P Leder
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

We have created several transgenic mouse strains that bear the human lambda light chain gene driven by its own promoter and a mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer. The transgene is expressed in many tissues, with particularly high levels of expression in the bone marrow, thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes. One of these transgenic lines, B-less, displays a dramatic phenotype characterized by an acute susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections. Analysis of this strain shows it to be profoundly deficient in both immature (pre-B) and mature B cells, as well as in circulating immunoglobulin. The pre-B and B cell defects are cell autonomous, as judged by cell culture and bone marrow graft chimeras. Despite this B cell deficiency, the T cell lineage appears grossly normal as assessed by flow cytometric analysis and by its response to mitogen stimulation. Since an independently derived transgenic strain bearing the same human lambda construct displays a partial B-less phenotype, it is likely that the B lineage deficiency is due to a dominant effect of transgene expression rather than to the insertional perturbation of an endogenous mouse gene. It is interesting that the deficiency phenotype is fully expressed in the FVB/N genetic background, but is suppressed in F1 hybrids formed between the FVB/N and C57BL/6 inbred strains. Evidently, there are one or more dominant genetic suppressors of B-less in the C57BL/6 genome.
The leukotriene C4 synthase (A-444C) promoter polymorphism is associated with the severity of exercise-induced asthma in Korean children
Authors: Hyo-Bin Kim, So-Yeon Lee, Jung Yeon Shim, Ja-Hyung Kim, Mi-Jin Kang, Soo-Jong Hong
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Abstract 152: Methylated-DNA enrichment and PCR array technology: A qPCR-based method to rapidly screen for changes in promoter DNA methylation patterns
Authors: Jonathan M. Shaffer, Xiujing Gu, Kathy Boon
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract As the only known enzymatic modification of DNA in mammals, methylation of cytosines at CpG dinucleotides is recognized as a “third pathway” in Knudson's two-hit hypothesis for cancer which suggests that at least two DNA insults (hits) are required for cancer progression. This epigenetic event alters gene expression patterns associated with normal development and disease progression without changing the actual DNA sequence. In cancer, hypermethylation of tumor suppressor gene promoters abolishes their transcription, while hypomethylation of proto-oncogene promoters increases their transcription, effectively driving tumorigenesis in either case. Given the importance of this event for tumorgenesis, various techniques have been developed to identify DNA methylation based diagnostic biomarkers. Unfortunately, these methods often fall short in terms of throughput capacity, cost, or equipment requirements. This work presents a novel combination of technologies to efficiently screen for changes in DNA methylation patterns within a panel of genes simultaneously. Using lung cancer as an experimental model, this study establishes that methylated DNA enrichment combined with real-time PCR (qPCR) technology offers great potential to identify putative biomarkers. This one-day assay is quite simple, and with very little hands-on time it can be easily adapted for high-throughput screening. A genomic DNA sample of interest is sheared, denatured, and incubated with a highly specific anti-5-methylcytosine antibody immobilized to a resin. The methylated DNA is then released, purified over a column, and applied to a pathway-focused qPCR array. The sensitivity of the method is very high; even one methylated CpG dinucleotide is enough to selectively enrich for a methylated target of interest, and the assay detection limit is well below 2.5% of a target in a mixed genomic DNA background. Importantly, data derived from this method has been validated with data derived from the Illumina® Infinium® Methylation Assay platform, further attesting to the potential for discovering methylation biomarkers with this system. In conclusion, the combination of methylated-DNA enrichment and qPCR array technology has been extensively optimized to discriminate methylated-CpG dinucleotides with low background. With this method, researchers will be able to quickly determine whether changes in gene expression (upregulation or downregulation) are associated with promoter methylation changes. This combination of methylated-DNA enrichment with qPCR array technology offers great potential as a methylated CpG dinucleotide screening tool, without the high cost. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 152.
CONSUMPTION PRIMARILY A NERVE DISEASE.Read before the Illinois State Medical Society, May, 1893.
Authors: J. J. M. ANGEAR
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Professor of Physiology, Nervous and Mental Disease in College of Physicians and Surgeons, Keokuk, Iowa.—Professor of Physiology and Pathology in United States Dental College—Surgeon of the Columbian Accident Company—Attending Physician National Temperance Hospital—Member American Medical Association—Illinois State Medical Society—Chicago Medical Society—Chicago Pathological Society—Chicago Academy of Sciences—Ex-President Chicago Pathological Society, etc. I have for years entertained the idea that the initial lesion or vice causing consumption is in the nervous system. In January 1880, 1 read a paper bearing the title "Consumption a Nerve Disease" before the Iowa State Medical Society. Causes of all diseases may be divided into internal and external. External causes arise from the patient's environments and are generally called exciting causes. Internal causes are congenital or hereditary defects or vice. This is generally termed predisposing causes. Primary cause here is meant some abnormal condition of the nervous system, which may arise from the patient's environment or heredity
A New Robot for Flexible Ureteroscopy: Development and Early Clinical Results (IDEAL Stage 1–2b)
Authors: Remzi Saglam, Ahmet Yaser Muslumanoglu, Zafer Tokatlı, Turhan Çaşkurlu, Kemal Sarica, Ali İhsan Taşçi, Bülent Erkurt, Evren Süer, Ahmet Sinan Kabakci, Glenn Preminger, Olivier Traxer, Jens J. Rassweiler
Journal: European Urology (2014)
4-phenylbutyrate enhances the cell surface expression and the transport capacity of wild-type and mutated bile salt export pumps
Authors: Hisamitsu Hayashi, Yuichi Sugiyama
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 (PFIC2) is caused by a mutation in the bile salt export pump (BSEP/ABCB11) gene. We previously reported that E297G and D482G BSEP, which are frequently found mutations in European patients, result in impaired membrane trafficking, whereas both mutants retain their transport function. The dysfunctional localization is probably attributable to the retention of BSEP in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) followed by proteasomal degradation. Because sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (4PBA) has been shown to restore the reduced cell surface expression of mutated plasma membrane proteins, in the current study, we investigated the effect of 4PBA treatment on E297G and D482G BSEP. Transcellular transport and cell surface biotinylation studies using Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) II cells demonstrated that 4PBA treatment increased functional cell surface expression of wild-type (WT), E297G, and D482G BSEP. The prolonged half-life of cell surface–resident BSEP with 4PBA treatment was responsible for this result. Moreover, treatment of Sprague-Dawley rats with 4PBA resulted in an increase in BSEP expression at the canalicular membrane, which was accompanied by an increase in the biliary excretion of [3H]taurocholic acid (TC). Conclusion: 4PBA treatment with a clinically achievable concentration enhances the cell surface expression and the transport capacity of WT, E297G, and D482G BSEP in MDCK II cells, and also induces functional BSEP expression at the canalicular membrane and bile acid transport via canalicular membrane in vivo . 4PBA is a potential pharmacological agent for treating not only PFIC2 patients with E297G and D482G mutations but also other cholestatic patients, in whom the BSEP expression at the canalicular membrane is reduced. (Hepatology 2007;45:1506–1516.)
Neonatal Gene Therapy With a Gamma Retroviral Vector in Mucopolysaccharidosis VI Cats
Authors: Katherine P Ponder, Thomas M O'Malley, Ping Wang, Patricia A O'Donnell, Anne M Traas, Van W Knox, Gustavo A Aguirre, N Matthew Ellinwood, Jason A Metcalf, Bin Wang, Emma J Parkinson-Lawrence, Meg M Sleeper, Doug A Brooks, John J Hopwood, Mark E Haskins
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) VI is due to a deficiency in the activity of N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfatase (4S), also known as arylsulfatase B. Previously, retroviral vector (RV)-mediated neonatal gene therapy reduced the clinical manifestations of MPS I and MPS VII in mice and dogs. However, sulfatases require post-translational modification by sulfatase-modifying factors. MPS VI cats were injected intravenously (i.v.) with a gamma RV-expressing feline 4S, resulting in 5 ± 3 copies of RV per 100 cells in liver. Liver and serum 4S activity were 1,450 ± 1,720 U/mg (26-fold normal) and 107 ± 60 U/ml (13-fold normal), respectively, and were directly proportional to the liver 4S protein levels for individual cats. This study suggests that sulfatase-modifying factor (SUMF) activity in liver was sufficient to result in active enzyme despite overexpression of 4S. RV-treated MPS VI cats achieved higher body weights and longer appendicular skeleton lengths, had reduced articular cartilage erosion, and reduced aortic valve thickening and aortic dilatation compared with untreated MPS VI cats, although cervical vertebral bone lengths were not improved. This demonstrates that therapeutic expression of a functional sulfatase protein can be achieved with neonatal gene therapy using a gamma RV, but some aspects of bone disease remain difficult to treat.
EVALUATING PHYSICIAN PERFORMANCE IN THE INTERPRETATION OF VENTILATION PERFUSION (VQ) SCANS
Authors: L. A. Richardson, A. Ramos-Gabatin, J. R. Leyendecker, A. Jimenez
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Richardson, L. A. MD; Ramos-Gabatin, A. MD; Leyendecker, J. R. MD; Jimenez, A. Author Information
Treatment of detainees in South Africa
Authors: S A Strauss
Journal: BMJ (1983)

infarction but with raised titres of Coxsackie virus, and I have been impressed with the prevalence of normal arteriograms in this group, which is relatively young and pre- dominantly female.Is it possible that some of the patients with normal arteriograms, dis- cussed by Dr Fox, have never had coronary occlusion at all ?
Speech and language therapy: does it work?
Authors: P. Enderby, J. Emerson
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Speech and language therapy is a relatively new discipline.The profession was born some 50 years ago, uniting those working with mostly head injured soldiers returning from the second world war.Interest in communication at that time was lead by neurologists, ear, nose, and throat surgeons, and many teachers.As in many other disciplines, the foundations of the profession were based on concern for those with the disorders and an empirical approach to remediation.We undertook a literature review to establish the state of knowledge about the efficacy of speech and language therapy in major client groups and to identify important areas for research.'Not surprisingly, in view of the pro- fession's youth, research has dealt more with the analy- sis and identification of speech and language disorders and the development of hypotheses underlying thera- peutic programmes than with evaluating their efficacy, relevance, and validity.We wanted to take a systematic approach to reviewing the research,2 but there are not enough controlled stud- ies for us to confine ourselves to this approach.We therefore extended our review to studies displaying the state of knowledge and the main therapeutic challenges.This review attempted to cover a broad range of published and grey literature and hence required interroga- tion of many different databases because the literature related to speech and language therapy appears in jour- nals covering linguistics, psychology, social sciences, and education.Other reviews examining the efficacy of speech and language therapy have not reflected the wealth of literature because they have limited the search to Medline and associated medical databases.'The main findings of the review are summarised in the box.
The Cigarette Underworld
Authors: Ronald M. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<i>The Cigarette Underworld</i>is a republished book version of the December 1983 issue of the<i>New York State Journal of Medicine</i>. This is one of at least six issues of nonspecialty medical journals [as well as this issue ofThe Journal] that have focused on the problem of cigarette smoking. (The other five are<i>Med J Aust</i>, March 5, 1983;<i>JAMA</i>, Nov 23/30, 1984;<i>JAMA</i>, May 24/31, 1985;<i>NY State J Med</i>, July 1985; and<i>Del Med J</i>, July 1985.) Individually and collectively, these issues represent a major contribution to the tobacco literature. They symbolize and reflect the enormous impact that cigarettes have on the public health. They also perform the unique service of reaching the general physician population with important information related to smoking. Alan Blum, MD, former editor of both the<i>Medical Journal of Australia</i>and of the<i>New York State Journal of Medicine</i>, has edited three of
Helene Julia Mair
Authors: E. Hunnings, A. Rees
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Born in Utrecht, Holland, Helene Julia Mair (“Oma”) died peacefully at home in Boundary Bay, Delta, British Columbia, Canada, with her daughters, Eve (David) and Anneke (Rob), at her bedside. Predeceased in 2004 by her husband and lifelong professional partner, Dr Nicholas Saul Mair (“Opa”), she leaves two daughters, five grandchildren (Nick, Alex, …