tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of Posture on Limb Blood Flow in Late Pregnancy
Authors: G. B. Drummond, S. E. M. Scott, M. M. Lees, D. B. Scott
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Arm and leg blood flow was measured in 40 patients in late pregnancy in the supine and left lateral positions, and the changes were contrasted with changes found in 15 patients investigated in the early puerperium. A significant reduction in leg flow occurred in the pregnant subjects when the supine position was assumed. A further 30 patients in late pregnancy had leg flow measured in the following positions: left lateral, supine, right lateral, and the two mid-positions. Leg flow significantly increased on moving from the supine to all other positions except the right intermediate position, indicating that a leftward tilt is more effective in preventing caval compression.
The Involuntary Plight of the Voluntary Hospital
Authors: Carl Bearse
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

IN his autobiography, Benjamin Franklin wrote: "In 1751, Dr. Thomas Bond, a particular friend of mine, conceived the idea of establishing a hospital in Philadelphia... for the reception and cure of poor sick persons, whether inhabitants of the province or strangers." Thus was born the Pennsylvania Hospital, the first voluntary hospital in the United States. The seal chosen for the institution "bore a device of the Good Samaritan conveying the sick man to an inn, with the inscription `take care of him, and I will repay thee.' "Those who contributed financially to this enterprise thereupon elected a board of . . .
Delayed Massive Soft Tissue Uptake of Tc-99m MDP After Radiation Therapy for Cancer of the Breast
Authors: ROBERT T. MORRISON, ROBERT D. STEUART
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

A patient with a history of breast cancer and known lung metastases was referred for a bone scan to investigate the cause of severe neck and right shoulder pain. The bone scan showed massive uptake of the radiopharmaceutical in the soft tissue surrounding the right shoulder. A review of the patient's history indicated that the patient had undergone radiation therapy to the right upper thorax and breast area 14 months previously and an acute radiation dermatitis of the proximal right arm and shoulder had developed. This had long since resolved. Physical examination and plain radiographs of the right shoulder and humerus failed to demonstrated any abnormality.
Gene therapy by allele selection in a mouse model of beta-thalassemia
Authors: Sigrid Eckardt, N. Adrian Leu, Ashley Yanchik, Seigo Hatada, Michael Kyba, K. John McLaughlin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

To be of therapeutic use, autologous stem cells derived from patients with inherited genetic disorders require genetic modification via gene repair or insertion. Here, we present proof of principle that, for diseases associated with dominant alleles (gain-of-function or haploinsufficient loss-of-function), disease allele–free ES cells can be derived from afflicted individuals without genome manipulation. This approach capitalizes on the derivation of uniparental cells, such as parthenogenetic (PG) ES cell lines from disease allele–free gametes. Diploid mammalian uniparental embryos with only maternally (oocyte-) or paternally (sperm-)derived genomes fail early in development due to the nonequivalence of parental genomes caused by genomic imprinting. However, these uniparental embryos develop to the blastocyst stage, allowing the derivation of ES cell lines. Using a mouse model for dominant beta-thalassemia, we developed disease allele–free PG ES cell lines from the oocytes of affected animals. Phenotype correction was obtained in donor-genotype recipients after transplantation of in vitro hematopoietic ES cell derivatives. This genetic correction strategy without gene targeting is potentially applicable to any dominant disease. It could also be the sole approach for larger or more complex mutations that cannot be corrected by homologous recombination.
Therapeutic Decision Making: A Cost-Benefit Analysis
Authors: Stephen G. Pauker, Jerome P. Kassirer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

To help the physician decide whether or not to treat a patient who may or may not have a disease, a method has been developed for calculating a therapeutic threshold. If the probability of disease in a given patient exceeds the threshold, the preferable course of action is to treat; if the probability is below the threshold, the preferable course of action is to withhold treatment. This method is applicable in many medical and surgical settings in which some diagnostic uncertainty exists after all appropriate studies have been carried out. The technic not only exposes some of the basic principles of therapeutic decision making in the face of diagnostic uncertainty but also forms a convenient framework for analyzing the impact of "soft" clinical data on the decision-making process. (N Engl J Med 293:229–234, 1975)
New players in high fat diet-induced obesity: LETM1 and CTMP
Authors: Jisoo Park, Yuwen Li, Seon-Hwan Kim, Keum-Jin Yang, Gyeyeong Kong, Robin Shrestha, Quangdon Tran, Kyeong Ah. Park, Juhee Jeon, Gang Min Hur, Chul-Ho Lee, Dong-Hoon Kim, Jongsun Park
Journal: Metabolism (2013)
Septic Shoulder Presenting as Biceps Muscle Abscess
Authors: JEFFREY C. ALLARD, ALLAN NAIMARK, VICTOR W. LEE, SIDNEY POLLACK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Septic arthritis of the shoulder has been confused with rotator cuff tears, thrombophlebitis, and local soft tissue inflammation. A case is reported in which this occurred partly because of the unusual association with abscess formation in the biceps muscle. The pathway of spread from the shoulder joint to the biceps muscle is explained by an understanding of the weak points in the shoulder capsule when the joint is distended. Arthrography and gallium scanning proved most useful in making the diagnosis. A cold defect sign on gallium imaging is described that may be pathognomonic for a septic arthritis that extends beyond the normal joint boundary.
Phenarsine Hyprochloride in the Treatment of Syphilis
Authors: William P. Boardman, Robert Kaldeck
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1944)

PHENARSINE hydrochloride is a mechanical mixture of 3-amino-4-hydroxy-phenyl-dichlorarsine hydrochloride with sodium citrate as a buffer diluent. Its chemical constitution and pharmacologie properties have been fully described by Long1 and Guy, Goldmann and Gannon.2 The treatment of syphilis with phenarsine was begun in the Department for Diseases of the Skin of the Boston City Hospital one and a half years ago. The drugf was given in courses of ten to twenty injections, alternating with courses of fifteen injections of bismuth. The doses ranged from 0.030 to 0.045 gm. for women and from 0.030 to 0.067 gm. for men. In cases of primary and early secondary syphilis three injections a week were given for the first two or three weeks, and weekly injections after that to the end of the first course of arsenicals.
Sustained Inhibition of Antigen‐Induced Histamine Release from Human Lung by the β<sub>2</sub>‐Adrenoceptor Agonist Terbutaline
Authors: Bengt‐Åke Petersson
Journal: Allergy (1984)

Antigen-induced histamine release from passively sensitized human lung tissue was inhibited in the presence of the beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist, terbutaline. A sustained and statistically significant suppression was detected in the concentration interval 3 X 10(-8)-1 X 10(-6) M. Fifty per cent inhibition IC50, was obtained at an interpolated concentration of 5.3 X 10(-8) +/- 0.4 X 10(-8) M (n = 13), when the histamine secretion was elicited with optimum concentration of antigen. Histamine release induced with a suboptimum concentration of antigen was inhibited to a greater extent than release initiated with optimum concentration. The data in the present investigation support the concept that terbutaline-induced inhibition of mediator release from human lung tissue can contribute to the clinical effectiveness of the drug during treatment of allergic asthma.
Enrichment of a Population of Mammary Gland Cells that Form Mammospheres and Have <i>In vivo</i> Repopulating Activity
Authors: Mai-Jing Liao, Cheng Cheng Zhang, Beiyan Zhou, Drazen B. Zimonjic, Sendurai A. Mani, Megan Kaba, Ann Gifford, Ferenc Reinhardt, Nicholas C. Popescu, Wenjun Guo, Elinor Ng Eaton, Harvey F. Lodish, Robert A. Weinberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The identification of mammary gland stem cells (MGSC) or progenitors is important for the study of normal breast development and tumorigenesis. Based on their immunophenotype, we have isolated a population of mouse mammary gland cells that are capable of forming “mammospheres” in vitro. Importantly, mammospheres are enriched for cells that regenerate an entire mammary gland on implantation into a mammary fat pad. We also undertook cytogenetic analyses of mammosphere-forming cells after prolonged culture, which provided preliminary insight into the genomic stability of these cells. Our identification of new cell surface markers for enriching mammosphere-initiating cells, including endoglin and prion protein, will facilitate the elucidation of the cell biology of MGSC. [Cancer Res 2007;67(17):8131–8]
Building a Benign Behavioral-Science Course
Authors: Jules Older
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

For nearly two decades medical schools throughout the English-speaking world have been adding behavioral-science courses to their curricula. At first there was widespread concern that such courses could create problems for medical education and, indeed, for medical practice itself. Some worried that courses in behavioral sciences would prove so interesting as to create an unhealthy demand for updating the rest of the medical curriculum. Others feared that these courses might so enhance the sensitivity, broaden the knowledge and increase the interviewing skills of future doctors that the very presence of such students might threaten the ego structures of staff members . . .
Theory and Practice in Acute Venous Thrombosis
Authors: STANFORD WESSLER, DANIEL DEYKIN
Journal: Circulation (1958)

The purpose of this review has been to outline the basis for proposing, and the details for implementing, a rational and consistent plan of therapy for the management of acute venous thrombosis. We have interpreted the entity of venous thrombosis as representing a common, frequently systemic disease, clinically manifest by focal intravascular coagulation. Concerning this disease, the specific etiology is unknown, the diagnostic criteria are crude and unsatisfactory, and although the clinical course is usually benign and self limited it may be unpredictably recurrent and fatal. We have also inferred that the difficulties in statistically validating any specific therapeutic measure are, for the present, extremely great, and that this problem will not be significantly lessened until an accurate test for thrombosis is devised. To construct a workable frame of reference for the clinical management of venous thrombosis within the limits of our present knowledge, we have formulated the concept of the temporary thrombotic state. Treatment is based upon the neutralization of hypercoagulability by anticoagulant drugs and upon a reduction of venous stasis by the removal of immobilization and a decrease in the size of the peripheral venous pool by elastic support. Various aspects of this therapeutic approach are described in detail and illustrated by selected case studies.
1002-97 Effects of preinfarction angina pectoris on left ventricular function in diabetic patients with a first ST-Elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Calveri Giuseppe, Carlo Dajelli Ermolli, Rogiani Silvia, Saporiti Lucia, Bertelli Ylenia, Caico Salvatore, Jorge Antonio Uriarte-Salerno
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Overexpression and role of the ATPase and putative DNA helicase RuvB-like 2 in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Benoît Rousseau, Ludovic Ménard, Valérie Haurie, Danièle Taras, Jean-Frédéric Blanc, François Moreau-Gaudry, Philippe Metzler, Michel Hugues, Sandrine Boyault, Sylvie Lemière, Xavier Canron, Pierre Costet, Michael Cole, Charles Balabaud, Paulette Bioulac-Sage, Jessica Zucman-Rossi, Jean Rosenbaum
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Abstract Using a proteomic analysis of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we identified the overexpression in 4 tumors of RuvB-like 2 (RUVBL2), an ATPase and putative DNA helicase known to interact with β-catenin and cellular v-myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (c-myc). RUVBL2 expression was further analyzed in tumors with quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis and immunohistochemistry; in addition, RUVBL2 expression in a HuH7 cell line was silenced by small interfering RNA or increased with a lentiviral vector. RUVBL2 messenger RNA overexpression was confirmed in 72 of 96 HCC cases, and it was associated with poorly differentiated tumors ( P = 0.02) and a poor prognosis ( P = 0.02) but not with β-catenin mutations or c-myc levels. Although RUVBL2 was strictly nuclear in normal hepatocytes, tumoral hepatocytes exhibited additional cytoplasmic staining. There was no mutation in the coding sequence of RUVBL2 in 10 sequenced cases. Silencing RUVBL2 in HuH7 HCC cells reduced cell growth ( P &lt; 0.001) and increased apoptosis, as shown by DNA fragmentation ( P &lt; 0.001) and caspase 3 activity ( P &lt; 0.005). This was associated with an increased expression of several proapoptotic genes and with an increased conformational activation of Bak-1 and Bax. On the other hand, HuH7 cells with an overexpression of RUVBL2 grew better in soft agar ( P &lt; 0.03), had increased resistance to C2 ceramide–induced apoptosis ( P &lt; 0.001), and gave rise to significantly larger tumors when injected into immunodeficient Rag2/γc mice ( P = 0.016). Conclusion: RUVBL2 is overexpressed in a large majority of HCCs. RUVBL2 overexpression enhances tumorigenicity, and RUVBL2 is required for tumor cell viability. These results argue for a major role of RUVBL2 in liver carcinogenesis. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)
LOCATION LOCATION LOCATION: DOES IT MATTER WITH STRESS SPECT MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING OUTCOMES?
Authors: Sabeena Arora, Shishir Mathur, Vivian Teixeira, Abhijit Ghatak, Mahjabeen Rashid, Sanjeev U. Nair, Fawad Kazi, Alan W. Ahlberg, Gary V. Heller
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
SEVERE ANAEMIA WITH ACHLORHYDRIA
Authors: C. H. Melland
Journal: BMJ (1933)

BRITTSHgeneral and pulmonary condition in 1932 was normal; one child had had no symptoms, but there were signs of fibrosis at the base of one lung following collapse of the lower lobe, which was recognized in 1930 but for which no definite cause was ascertained on investigation; one had had no symptoms, but his general condition was poor, although there were no definite abnormal physical signs; one had bronchitis when the second test was done; one had rheumatic myocarditis at the time of the second test, but had had no pulmonary symptoms during the two years, and there were no abnormal signs in the lungs in 1932; one had enlarged and unhealthy tonsils in 1932, but was otherwise healthy; and one had slightly enlarged discrete cervical glands, which had remained unaltered since 1930.Three children under 5 years of age, who were positive in 1930, cannot be traced.None of the children examined was ill, and with one exception their general condition was good.Although the numbers are small, it is initeresting to note that of these twenty-four children under 5 years (two of whom were under 2) who had been infected with the tubercle bacillus none had had an acute dissemination of the disease, and none, except perhaps the child with cervical adenitis, had clinical tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONSThe results of the repetition of the tuberculin test on 700 children whose ages varied from 1 to 15 years at the time of the first test show that allergy, once it is pro- duced, persists in over 96 per cent. of cases throughout childhood.A comparison of the different dilutions of old tuberculin which will produce a positive tuberculin reaction demon- strates the fact that there is a tendency for the degree of sensitivity to increase after an interval of one and a half to two years.Further, on separating the children into contact and non-contact groups, it is evident that a high degree of sensitivity in contact children is reached at an early age, whereas in a large percentage of non-contact children this degree of allergy is not reached at any age.The absence of any development of clinical tuberculosis in 700 children during the period of one and a half to two years is interesting, more especially as this number includes two children of I to 2 years of age and seven under 3 years.That these children have remained appar- ently healthy throws doubt on the view which is held by some authors that a positive tuberculin reaction in a child under 2 years of age is evidence of active tuberculous disease.SUMMARY 1.After an interval of one and a half to two years 700 children, 164 of whom were contact cases, were retested with tuberculin with the Mantoux method, and were examined for signs of tuberculosis.2. Investigation has shown that in over 96 per cent. of cases positive reactors have remained positive after an interval of one and.a half to two years.The change from negative to positive reaction, in at least thirty-one out of fifty-four cases, took place without any notable disturbance to the.health of the child.
THE TREATMENT OF TETANUS BY INTRASPINAL INJECTIONS OF MAGNESIUM SULPHATE FOR THE CONTROL OF CONVULSIONS.REPORT OF TWO CASES, WITH A DISCUSSION OF THE METHOD.
Authors: SAMUEL LOGAN
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The extremely unfavorable prognosis which must be given in cases of tetanus and the doubtful value of the antitetanic serum save as a prophylactic remedy are of themselves sufficient justification for the trial of any new plan of treatment of this disease which may hold out even the faintest hope of obtaining better results. With the object, therefore, of adding in a slight degree to the statistics of a newly-suggested method of treatment, I report two cases of tetanus which have been treated according to the method proposed by Dr. S. J. Meltzer.<sup>1</sup>While neither of the cases resulted in a cure, they are nevertheless reported, partly because of unusual features arising in each and partly because of my belief that the value of any new method of treatment can be obtained only from a study of its failures as well as of its successes. In one of the
CORROBORATION OF RECENT MODELS OF THE γG IMMUNOGLOBULIN MOLECULE
Authors: M. Fougereau, G. M. Edelman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

The relationships between the polypeptide chains of gammaG immunoglobulin and fragments of the molecule produced by papain and pepsin have been investigated. Specific procedures were employed including peptide mapping of tryptic hydrolysates and analysis of molecules reconstituted from chains labeled with different iodine isotopes. By these means, the Fab fragment was shown unequivocally to consist of the light chain and a portion of the heavy chain, the Fd fragment. The Fc fragment was found to be comprised of the residual portions of the heavy chain. These findings support the gross arrangement of chains embodied in recent models of the gammaG immunoglobulin molecule. The present studies have also provided additional information on the susceptibility of gammaG immunoglobulin to proteolytic cleavage. It was found that the portion of heavy chains corresponding to the Fd fragment was extensively cleaved by papain.
Desert Storm Data Compilation Continues
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1991)

AEROMEDICAL EVACUATION associated with the Desert Storm operation is winding down. But preliminary figures indicate that about 43% of the US military personnel who were injured during the war were assigned to the medical evacuation flights because of orthopedic injuries. Monte B. Miller, MD, the three-star officer who is retiring shortly as surgeon general of the US Air Force, says that other percentages from these preliminary data on diagnoses of patients flown out of the theater of operations include 9% respiratory, 8% neurological or neurosurgical, 6% otorhinolaryngologic, 6% internal medicine, 5% general surgical, and 23% other (allergic, psychiatric, obstetric, gynecologic, or other categories). The Air Force called (to full-time active duty) 725 physicians from the various states' Air National Guard units or from the Air Force Reserve, Miller says. About half of these activated physicians served in Europe or with the Desert Shield/Storm forces and the rest replaced full-time Air
Pentothal Sodium Anesthesia in Neurologic Surgery
Authors: Edward W. Shannon, W. James Gardner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

THE purpose of this article is to summarize our experience with Pentothal Sodium anesthesia in neurologic surgery. Since this kind of anesthesia was first used in this clinic for pneumoencephalography,1 its use has been extended to include all neurosurgical procedures, regardless of length, in patients over ten years of age.2 Although this report is based on a planned study of 101 unselected cases in which Pentothal Sodium was the anesthetic agent, we have employed it in several hundred additional major neurosurgical procedures. No death could be attributed to the anesthetic.The types of operation are listed in Table 1, as well . . .
Gel Scaffolds of BMP‐2‐Binding Peptide Amphiphile Nanofibers for Spinal Arthrodesis
Authors: Sungsoo S. Lee, Erin L. Hsu, Marco Mendoza, Jason Ghodasra, Michael S. Nickoli, Amruta Ashtekar, Mahesh Polavarapu, Jacob Babu, Rehan M. Riaz, Joseph D. Nicolas, David Nelson, Sohaib Z. Hashmi, Stuart R. Kaltz, Jeffrey S. Earhart, Bradley R. Merk, Jeff S. McKee, Shawn F. Bairstow, Ramille N. Shah, Wellington K. Hsu, Samuel I. Stupp
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Peptide amphiphile (PA) nanofibers formed by self-assembly can be customized for specific applications in regenerative medicine through the use of molecules that display bioactive signals on their surfaces. Here, the use of PA nanofibers with binding affinity for the bone promoting growth factor BMP-2 to create a gel scaffold for osteogenesis is reported. With the objective of reducing the amount of BMP-2 used clinically for successful arthrodesis in the spine, amounts of growth factor incorporated in the scaffolds that are 10 to 100 times lower than that those used clinically in collagen scaffolds are used. The efficacy of the bioactive PA system to promote BMP-2-induced osteogenesis in vivo is investigated in a rat posterolateral lumbar intertransverse spinal fusion model. PA nanofiber gels displaying BMP-2-binding segments exhibit superior spinal fusion rates relative to controls, effectively decreasing the required therapeutic dose of BMP-2 by 10-fold. Interestingly, a 42% fusion rate is observed for gels containing the bioactive nanofibers without the use of exogenous BMP-2, suggesting the ability of the nanofiber to recruit endogenous growth factor. Results obtained here demonstrate that bioactive biomaterials with capacity to bind specific growth factors by design are great targets for regenerative medicine.
Worldwide variation of dialysis-associated peritonitis in children
Authors: F. Schaefer, R. Feneberg, N. Aksu, O. Donmez, B. Sadikoglu, S.R. Alexander, S. Mir, I.S. Ha, M. Fischbach, E. Simkova, A.R. Watson, K. Möller, H. von Baum, B.A. Warady
Journal: Kidney International (2007)