tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ontogeny of mouse lymphocyte function. II. Development of the ability to produce antibody is modulated by T lymphocytes.
Authors: D E Mosier, B M Johnson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

The relative functional maturity of neonatal mouse spleen T- and B-cell populations was assessed by comparing the ability to respond to the thymic-independent antigen, DNP-Ficoll, or thymic-dependent SRBC by producing antibody in vitro. Although mouse spleen cells responded to DNP-Ficoll at an earlier age than they responded to SRBC or TNP-SRBC, the reason for the lag in the T-dependent response was confounded by the finding of high numbers of suppressor T lymphocytes in the neonatal spleen. Thus, small numbers of neonatal spleen T cells or thymocytes significantly decreased the in vitro antibody response of adult spleen cells. Although B lymphocytes appear to be functionally mature soon after birth, their acitivity may be modulated by an excess of suppressor T cells; e.g., the reconstitution of helper cell function in the neonatal spleen required anti-theta treatment before addition of adult helper cells. Suppressive activity attributable to T cells seems to play a dominant role in determining the ability of the neonatal animal to react positively or negatively to antigenic stimulation.
The Pulmonary Artery Catheter, 1967–2007
Authors: Gordon D. Rubenfeld, Elizabeth McNamara-Aslin, Lewis Rubinson
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The mode of action of ethyl lactate as a treatment for acne
Authors: C. PROTTEY, D. GEORGE, R.W. LEECH, J.G. BLACK, D. HOWES, C.F.H. VICKERS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

We have shown that an alcoholic lotion containing ethyl lactate when applied topically to rat skin under occlusion became localized in the follicles and sebaceous glands. When applied to human facial skin the ethyl lactate was hydrolysed to ethanol and lactic acid, and thereby lowered the skin pH. Under such conditions the growth of recoverable skin bacteria, in particular the anaerobe Propionibacterium acnes, was inhibited, and the hydrolysis of sebum to free fatty acids by lipase derived from the bacteria was greatly impaired. These effects of ethyl lactate would account for its observed clinical efficacy in acne vulgaris.
Public interest group accuses FDA of trying to discredit whistleblower
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A public interest group that aims to protect whistleblowers claimed last week that an attempt had been made by a member of staff at the Food and Drug Administration to discredit Dr David Graham, the FDA executive who testified to the US Senate committee on 18 November.

Dr Graham, associate director in the FDA's Office of Drug Safety, had carried out a study with Kaiser Permanente of northern California that looked …
Close Calls with Club Drugs
Authors: Cynthia G. McGinn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Around midnight one night in 1999, I was radioed by the EMTs: they were bringing in two "drunk" college students. This was hardly an uncommon occurrence. Many a college student has been mortified to wake up in the emergency room looking into the eyes of a college administrator who knew that a stressful semester or a campus party could spell danger. Widespread alcohol abuse on college campuses and its sometimes fatal consequences have long raised alarm, and the signs and symptoms of cocaine or marijuana abuse are commonly known.But there was something different about these students. Apparently healthy college . . .
Inhibition of the c-Abl–TAp63 pathway protects mouse oocytes from chemotherapy-induced death
Authors: Stefania Gonfloni, Lucia Di Tella, Sara Caldarola, Stefano M Cannata, Francesca G Klinger, Claudia Di Bartolomeo, Maurizio Mattei, Eleonora Candi, Massimo De Felici, Gerry Melino, Gianni Cesareni
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
Survey of patient participation groups in the United Kingdom: I.
Authors: T Paine
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Funding is an important?and for 44% of groups a daunting ?aspect of running a patient participation group. Annual budgets seem to range between ?50 and ?150, though four groups spent well over this in 1981, oneover ?850. Large spending of this sort is usually accounted for by special projects, such as publishing booklets. With few exceptions groups attempt to raise as much as they can from the patients by arranging social functions, raffles, sponsored activities, and so on. One group does very well each year from a cake and biscuit stall at the local May Day fair. Roughly half the groups are helped out financially by their doctors, who donate between a quarter to a half of the budget. Sometimes this is only as a starter; more often it is a regular contribution. Financial help is frequently sought from outside organisations, either statutory or otherwise, usually for help with particular projects. Because this is an area of consider? able practical interest to many groups, it will be dealt with in some detail. Before their demise area health authorities made money available to three groups: ?10 for leaflets, Bcrinsfield; ?300 for making health education films, Aberdarc; ?700 to produce and publish a centre users guide, Kentish Town. One district management team allocated ? 10 to help a group to start operating, and a local social services department in London provided ?50 for the same purpose. Local charities, firms, and other organis ations have also helped : a total of ?250 was granted over two years by three local charities to enable the Bristol group to publish their booklets; ?270 was contributed by local charities to support the work of one community care group; ?25 and ?40 have been received by two other groups from local firms and organisations. ?300 was given by the King's Fund in London to finance the Bristol group's 1981 health education programme, their application to the local area health authority having been turned down. Several groups have received fees from press, radio, and television. Drug companies are understood to have made small contributions to some budgets.
Leisure Physical Activity and the Risk of Fracture in Men
Authors: Karl Michaëlsson, Helena Olofsson, Karin Jensevik, Sune Larsson, Hans Mallmin, Lars Berglund, Bengt Vessby, Håkan Melhus
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2007)

Background Data from previous studies are inconsistent, and it is therefore uncertain whether, to what extent, and at what level leisure physical activity influences the risk of osteoporotic fractures in men. Methods and Findings A cohort of 2,205 men, 49–51 y of age, was enrolled in a longitudinal, population-based study. Leisure physical activity and other lifestyle habits were established at baseline and at ages 60, 70, 77, and 82 y. During 35 y of follow-up, 482 men had at least one fracture. Cox's proportional hazards regression was used to determine hazard ratios (HRs) of fracture associated with time-dependent physical activity habits and covariates. Men with a sedentary lifestyle (HR 2.56, 95% confidence interval 1.55–4.24) or men who walked or bicycled only for pleasure (HR 1.61, 95% confidence interval 1.10–2.36) had an increased adjusted risk of hip fracture compared with men who participated in regular sports activities for at least 3 h/wk. At the end of follow-up, 8.4% of the men with a high physical activity, 13.3% of the men with a medium physical activity, and 20.5% of the men with a low physical activity had suffered a hip fracture. According to the estimation of population-attributable risk, one third of all hip fractures could be prevented by participation in regular sports activities. High activity also conferred a reduced overall fracture risk. Conclusions Our data indicate that regular sports activities can reduce the risk of fractures in older men.
The Biology and Clinical Management of Bladder Cancer
Authors: J. D. Fergusson
Journal: BMJ (1975)

This comprehensive monograph owes its inception to an academic study of cell populations in carcinoma of the bladder begun by the editors several yea-rs ago.The subject matter has since been greatly ex- panded, largely as the result of an international meeting on bladder cancer held in Leeds in 1971.With the assistance of several well-known contributors firom Europe and *the U.S.A. the book covers a wide range of
A 47-Year-Old Woman With Sarcoidosis
Authors: Steven E. Weinberger
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Ms K, a 47-year-old woman, was found to have sarcoidosis after evaluation of an abnormal chest radiograph obtained during work-up of a recently diagnosed melanoma. She has symptoms of fatigue, achiness, and exertional dyspnea. She believes her symptoms are due to sarcoidosis and would like to get some symptomatic improvement, though she is reluctant to be treated with corticosteroids. She is interested in knowing about the likely course of her disease and the potential treatment options. The various presentations, protean manifestations, variable natural history, and attempts to understand the etiology of sarcoidosis are discussed. The principles underlying the decision of whether to institute treatment, the options for treatment, and the effectiveness of treatment are reviewed.
Cadmium and lead in blood in relation to low bone mineral density and tubular proteinuria.
Authors: Tobias Alfvén, Lars Järup, Carl-Gustaf Elinder
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Long-term exposure to cadmium may cause kidney and bone damage. Urinary cadmium is commonly used as the dose estimate for the body burden of cadmium. However, elevated levels of cadmium in the urine may reflect not only high levels of cadmium dose but also renal dysfunction. In this study we used blood cadmium as the dose estimate. In addition, we analyzed blood lead. We examined 479 men and 542 women, ages 16-81 years, who were environmentally or occupationally exposed to cadmium and lead. We used urinary protein alpha 1-microglobulin as a marker for tubular proteinuria and measured forearm bone mineral density using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The relationship between blood cadmium and tubular proteinuria was strong, even when we excluded occupationally exposed participants. The subgroup with the highest blood cadmium levels had a 4-fold risk of tubular proteinuria compared to the subgroup with the lowest blood cadmium levels. In the older age group (age > 60), the risk of low bone mineral density (z-score < -1) for the subgroup with the highest blood cadmium levels was almost 3-fold compared to the group with lowest blood cadmium levels. We found no similar associations for lead. The observed effects may be caused by higher cadmium exposure in the past. This study strengthens previous evidence that cadmium exposure may affect both bone mineral density and kidney function.
Osteoblast-derived WNT16 represses osteoclastogenesis and prevents cortical bone fragility fractures
Authors: Sofia Movérare-Skrtic, Petra Henning, Xianwen Liu, Kenichi Nagano, Hiroaki Saito, Anna E Börjesson, Klara Sjögren, Sara H Windahl, Helen Farman, Bert Kindlund, Cecilia Engdahl, Antti Koskela, Fu-Ping Zhang, Emma E Eriksson, Farasat Zaman, Ann Hammarstedt, Hanna Isaksson, Marta Bally, Ali Kassem, Catharina Lindholm, Olof Sandberg, Per Aspenberg, Lars Sävendahl, Jian Q Feng, Jan Tuckermann, Juha Tuukkanen, Matti Poutanen, Roland Baron, Ulf H Lerner, Francesca Gori, Claes Ohlsson
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
Doctors Must Not Kill'
Authors: Willard Gaylin
Journal: JAMA (1988)

IN THE middle of the night, a sleepy gynecology resident is called to attend a young woman, dying of cancer, whom he has never seen before. Horrified by her severe distress, and proceeding alone without consultation with anyone, he gives her a lethal injection of morphine, clearly intending the death that promptly ensues. The resident submits a first-person account of his killing to the<i>Journal of the American Medical Association</i>. Without any editorial comment,<i>JAMA</i>publishes the account, withholding the author's name at his request. What in the world is going on? Before the sophisticated obscure our vision with clouds of arguments and subtle qualifications, we must fix our gaze on the brute facts. First, on his own admission, the resident appears to have committed a felony: premeditated murder. Direct intentional homicide is a felony in all American jurisdictions, for which the plea of merciful motive is no excuse. That
Adrenomedullin, an Endogenous Peptide, Counteracts Cardiovascular Damage
Authors: Tatsuo Shimosawa, Yugo Shibagaki, Kotaro Ishibashi, Kazuo Kitamura, Kenji Kangawa, Shigeaki Kato, Katsuyuki Ando, Toshiro Fujita
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Adrenomedullin (AM), a potent vasodilator peptide, is produced by posttranslational splicing of pro-adrenomedullin together with proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP), another hypotensive peptide. Although both AM and PAMP have the potential not only to decrease blood pressure but also to protect organs from damage, there is no direct evidence for their individual physiological roles in vivo.Using knockout mice with the disruption of AM peptide alone, we investigated the organ-protective effect of AM. Although the AM(-/-) mutation in mice was embryonic lethal without any apparent phenotypic changes, AM(+/-) mice were viable and fertile; plasma and organ AM concentrations were almost half of those in AM(+/+) mice. With the administration of angiotensin II (Ang II) on a high-salt diet for 12 days, marked perivascular fibrosis and intimal hyperplasia were found in coronary arteries of Ang II/salt-treated AM(+/-) mice, without the AM upregulation that was observed in Ang II/salt-treated AM(+/+) mice. In AM(+/-) mice, Ang II/salt loading increased both urinary excretion of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and isoprostane, markers of oxidative stress. Consistently, immunostaining of both p67phox and gp91phox, subunits of NAD(P)H oxidase and 3-nitrotyrosine, the metabolites of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the generation of ROS measured by electron spin resonance spectroscopy apparently increased in the Ang II/salt-treated heart. These data suggested that the overproduction of oxidative stress might be involved in the cardiovascular changes induced by Ang II/salt loading.The evidence presented supports the hypothesis that endogenous AM possesses a protective action against cardiovascular damage, possibly through the inhibition of oxidative stress production.
Lack of Association between Antimyelin Antibodies and Progression to Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Jens Kuhle, Christoph Pohl, Matthias Mehling, Gilles Edan, Mark S. Freedman, Hans-Peter Hartung, Chris H. Polman, David H. Miller, Xavier Montalban, Frederik Barkhof, Lars Bauer, Susanne Dahms, Raija Lindberg, Ludwig Kappos, Rupert Sandbrink
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Patients with a single episode of neurologic dysfunction and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans suggestive of multiple sclerosis are at high risk for clinically definite multiple sclerosis, but the outcome for individual patients is unpredictable. An increased risk of progression to clinically definite multiple sclerosis in patients with serum antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and myelin basic protein (MBP) has been reported.
Association of Large-Airway Lymphocytic Bronchitis with Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome
Authors: John R. Greenland, Kirk D. Jones, Steve R. Hays, Jeffrey A. Golden, Anatoly Urisman, Nicholas P. Jewell, George H. Caughey, Neil N. Trivedi
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

Lung transplantation offers great promise for otherwise terminal lung diseases, but the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) continues to limit survival. Although acute rejection and lymphocytic bronchiolitis have been identified as risk factors for the development of BOS, it is unclear whether large-airway lymphocytic inflammation conveys the same risk.We evaluated lymphocytic bronchitis on endobronchial biopsies as a risk factor for BOS and mortality.Endobronchial biopsies were collected and graded during surveillance after lung transplantation. We assessed samples with negative cultures collected in the first 90 days from 298 subjects and compared large-airway lymphocytic bronchitis assessed by a 0-2 "E-score" and with standard A and BR pathology scores for acute rejection and small-airway lymphocytic bronchiolitis, respectively.We found surprisingly little association between large- and small-airway lymphocytic inflammation scores from a given bronchoscopy. Endobronchial lymphocytic bronchitis was more prevalent in subjects in BOS stage 0p and BOS stages 1-3 at the time of biopsy. Within 90 days after transplantation, increasing maximum E-score was associated with greater risk of BOS (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.76; 95% confidence interval, 1.11-2.78; P = 0.02) and in this analysis 90-day maximum E-scores were the only score type predictive of BOS (P < 0.01).These results support a multicenter study to evaluate endoscopic biopsies for the identification of patients at increased risk for BOS. The association of endobronchial lymphocytic inflammation and BOS may have mechanistic implications.
Side effects of dental materials
Authors: H. J Hamre
Journal: BMJ (1995)

in childhood is therefore unlikely to be both sensitive (that is, identifying true positives) and specific (that is, not identifying non-cases as cases).This is especially so for schizophrenia of adult onset, which is characterised by abnormalities of cognition and behaviour not manifest in childhood.It is perhaps more important, however, to find out if and why potential cases either fail to develop schizophrenia or develop some disorder other than schizophrenia.Children with conduct disorders have been shown to be at high risk of alcohol and drug misuse and antisocial personality in adult life.' Whether the pattern of misconduct in these children differs or whether intervening events lead to different conditions remains to be determined.
Activation of peripheral blood and intestinal lamina propria lymphocytes in Crohn's disease. In vivo state of activation and in vitro response to stimulation as defined by the expression of early activation antigens.
Authors: F Pallone, S Fais, O Squarcia, L Biancone, P Pozzilli, M Boirivant
Journal: Gut (1987)

In the present study the state of activation of either peripheral blood and intestinal lamina propria mononuclear cells in Crohn9s disease was defined by investigating the expression of early activation antigens (namely the 4F2 antigen, the transferrin receptor and the interleukin-2 receptor). The expression of 4F2 and T9 antigens was greatly increased--in the peripheral blood and in the intestinal lamina propria whereas the proportion of interleukin-2 receptor bearing cells was much less pronounced. The counts of early activation antigens bearing cells in the lamina propria were quite comparable with those of the autologous peripheral cells. In the peripheral blood counts of 4F2 and T9 positive cells were very high in patients with active Crohn9s disease but patients with quiescent disease also had a significantly raised proportion of 4F2 and T9 bearing cells. Only in those patients with no evidence of macroscopic disease (namely those resected without recurrence) the counts of early activation antigens bearing cells were within the normal range. The in vitro mitogen induced expression of early activation antigens on either peripheral and intestinal mononuclear cells of patients with Crohn9s disease proved to be both quantitatively and qualitatively similar to that of the controls showing the full expression of 4F2, transferrin receptor, and interleukin-2 receptor. While demonstrating that in Crohn9s disease there was no intrinsic defect of generation and expression of growth factors receptors by peripheral and intestinal lymphocytes, these results showed that there was a divergence in the expression of early activation antigens in vivo and in vitro. This would indicate that in Crohn9s disease there is an in vivo increased population of preactivated rather than fully activated lymphocytes consisting of 4F2 and T9 bearing cells. The high proportion of these cells in the peripheral blood and in the intestine suggests that a chronic immune activation is present in these patients outside as well as within the affected bowel.
Prevalence and prognostic value of acute cor pulmonale and patent foramen ovale in ventilated patients with early acute respiratory distress syndrome: a multicenter study
Authors: Gwenaëlle Lhéritier, Annick Legras, Agnès Caille, Thierry Lherm, Armelle Mathonnet, Jean-Pierre Frat, Anne Courte, Laurent Martin-Lefèvre, Jean-Paul Gouëllo, Jean-Bernard Amiel, Denis Garot, Philippe Vignon
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)

We sought to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with acute cor pulmonale (ACP) and patent foramen ovale (PFO) at the early phase of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and to assess their relation with mortality.In this prospective multicenter study, 200 patients submitted to protective ventilation for early moderate to severe ARDS [PaO₂/F(I)O₂: 115 ± 39 with F(I)O₂: 1; positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP): 10.6 ± 3.1 cmH2O] underwent transthoracic (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) <48 h after admission. Echocardiograms were independently interpreted by two experts. Factors associated with ACP, PFO, and 28-day mortality were identified using multivariate regression analysis.TEE depicted ACP in 45/200 patients [22.5%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 16.9-28.9%], PFO in 31 patients (15.5%; 95% CI 10.8-21.3%), and both ACP and PFO in 9 patients (4.5%; 95% CI 2.1-8.4%). PFO shunting was small and intermittent in 27 patients, moderate and consistent in 4 patients, and large or extensive in no instances. PaCO₂ >60 mmHg was strongly associated with ACP [odds ratio (OR) 3.70; 95% CI 1.32-10.38; p = 0.01]. No factor was independently associated with PFO, with only a trend for age (OR 2.07; 95% CI 0.91-4.72; p = 0.08). Twenty-eight-day mortality was 23%. Plateau pressure (OR 1.15; 95% CI 1.05-1.26; p < 0.01) and air leaks (OR 5.48; 95% CI 1.30-22.99; p = 0.02), but neither ACP nor PFO, were independently associated with outcome.TEE screening allowed identification of ACP in one-fourth of patients submitted to protective ventilation for early moderate to severe ARDS. PFO shunting was less frequent and never large or extensive. ACP and PFO were not related to outcome.