tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Judging a virus by its cover
Authors: Eva Szomolanyi-Tsuda, Raymond M. Welsh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

The production of protective neutralizing antibodies occurs quickly in some viral infections but very slowly in others. In a new study, surface glycoproteins (the targets of neutralization) of 2 different viruses were genetically switched. Analysis of the neutralizing antibody response to each of the 2 parent and recombinant viruses in infected mice revealed that the speed of neutralizing antibody induction was intrinsically dependent on the surface glycoprotein and not the rest of the virus.
Effects of Multivitamin Supplement on Cataract and Age-Related Macular Degeneration in a Randomized Trial of Male Physicians
Authors: William G. Christen, Robert J. Glynn, JoAnn E. Manson, Jean MacFadyen, Vadim Bubes, Miriam Schvartz, Julie E. Buring, Howard D. Sesso, J. Michael Gaziano
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
Functional distribution of alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in the coronary microcirculation.
Authors: W M Chilian
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND The goal of this study was to determine the functional distribution of alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in the epicardial coronary microcirculation. This goal was accomplished by intracoronary administration of the selective alpha 1-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine and the selective alpha 2-adrenergic agonist BHT-933 during measurements of coronary microvascular diameters in the beating heart. METHODS AND RESULTS Experimental measurements were made under conditions with intact vasomotor tone and during coronary hypoperfusion (i.e., under conditions with autoregulatory mechanisms intact and blunted, respectively). Administration of selective alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic antagonists, prazosin and SKF 104078, respectively, confirmed that the agonists were preferentially activating the desired adrenergic receptor subtype because the vasoconstrictor effects of the agonists were completely blocked by the appropriate antagonist. With baseline coronary vasomotor tone intact, phenylephrine caused constriction (8 +/- 3% decrease in diameter, p less than 0.05) of small coronary arteries (vessels greater than 100 microns in diameter) but did not produce constriction of coronary arterioles (vessels less than 100 microns in diameter). During coronary hypoperfusion, phenylephrine caused constriction (p less than 0.05) of both small coronary arteries and arterioles, 6 +/- 2% and 11 +/- 3% decreases in diameter, respectively. BHT-933 did not cause significant changes in microvascular diameters under control conditions but substantially and selectively decreased arteriolar diameters during hypoperfusion (24 +/- 6% decrease in diameter, p less than 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In the intact, autoregulating coronary circulation, coronary arterioles escape from the effects of adrenergic activation but coronary arteries do not; rather, they can exhibit alpha 1-adrenergic coronary vasoconstriction. During coronary hypoperfusion, when autoregulatory adjustments are blunted, coronary arterioles are sensitive to both alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic agonists, demonstrating significant constrictor responses. Also, the magnitude of coronary alpha 2-adrenergic arteriolar constriction (24% decrease in diameter) is significantly greater than that of alpha 2-adrenergic constriction (11% decrease in diameter) (p less than 0.05). Thus, alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic activation produce different constrictor effects in the coronary microcirculation under baseline conditions when autoregulatory adjustments are intact and during coronary hypoperfusion when autoregulation is blunted. The data suggest that alpha 2-adrenergic receptors are preferentially distributed in arterioles, whereas alpha 1-adrenergic receptors are located throughout the coronary microcirculation. Importantly, the data also suggest that intrinsic autoregulatory adjustments in tone (i.e., autoregulatory escape) can override either alpha 1- or alpha 2-adrenergic constriction in coronary arterioles.
Multiple Infections and Subsequent Cardiovascular Events in the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Study
Authors: Marek Smieja, Judy Gnarpe, Eva Lonn, Håkan Gnarpe, Gunnar Olsson, Qilong Yi, Vladimir Dzavik, Matthew McQueen, Salim Yusuf
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Limited prospective epidemiological data are available on the relation between exposure to Chlamydia pneumoniae , Helicobacter pylori , cytomegalovirus (CMV), and hepatitis A virus (HAV), individually or as a total pathogen score, and human cardiovascular (CV) disease. Methods and Results— We analyzed enrollment sera from 3168 Canadian patients in the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) study for antibodies to C pneumoniae , H pylori , CMV, and HAV and measured the relation between serostatus and 494 adjudicated trial outcomes of myocardial infarction, stroke, or CV death over 4.5 years of follow-up. CV events were associated with CMV serostatus (covariate-adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.24; 95% CI, 1.01, 1.53). Neither C pneumoniae IgG (adjusted HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.68, 1.10), C pneumonia IgA (adjusted HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.90, 1.34), H pylori IgG (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.82, 1.19), nor HAV IgG (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.83, 1.24) predicted CV events. Total pathogen score was associated with CV events (adjusted HR for 4 versus 1 or 0=1.41; 95% CI, 1.02, 1.96). Conclusions— Exposure to CMV but not to C pneumoniae , H pylori , or HAV was associated with a slight excess risk of subsequent myocardial infarction, stroke, or CV death in HOPE study patients, and total pathogen score based on these infections predicted a small increased hazard of CV events.
SUCCESSFUL TRANSPLANTATION OF GRAFT WITHOUT PERIOSTEUM
Authors: Horace G. Wetherill
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Since the publication of my paper, "The Growth, the Death and the Regeneration of Bone,"<sup>1</sup>the question has been raised whether or not the ultimate result in my second case, in which the graft<i>was transplanted without periosteum</i>, was satisfactory. I have been reminded that few attempts have been made to transplant grafts<i>en masse</i>in human beings,<i>without periosteum</i>, and that of these many have failed. It has been pointed out that a roentgenogram made four weeks after operation is not evidence of success, and grave doubt is expressed regarding the satisfactory termination of this attempt to reproduce the bone under such circumstances. Anticipating that the same doubts may have arisen in the minds of many other readers ofThe Journalfrom whom I have not heard, I should like to say that at this time (six months after the operation) the patient
Gastric mucosal morphology and faecal blood loss during ethanol ingestion
Authors: V. P. Dinoso, H. Meshkinpour, S. H. Lorber
Journal: Gut (1973)

The faecal blood loss of six alcoholic subjects with normal gastric mucosa, six with superficial gastritis, and six with atrophic gastritis was studied before and during ingestion of 40% v/v ethanol using <sup>51</sup>Cr-tagged red blood cells. No significant change in faecal blood loss was observed in the normal mucosa and superficial gastritis groups but all subjects with atrophic gastritis had significant increases of faecal blood loss during ethanol ingestion. These observations suggest that gastric mucosal morphology may be an important determinant of gastric mucosal bleeding during the ingestion of alcohol.
BRAIN LESIONS ASSOCIATED WITH EXPERIMENTAL "EPILEPTIFORM" SEIZURES IN THE MONKEY
Authors: S. EUGENE BARRERA, LENORE M. KOPELOFF, NICHOLAS KOPELOFF
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1944)

By means of a single application to the cerebral motor cortex of certain chemical and immunologic agents, it has been possible to produce convulsive seizures in the rhesus monkey. Of more significance than the acute manifestations observed, was the state of chronic convulsive reactivity induced. A histopathologic examination of monkeys exhibiting recurrent convulsive seizures indicated a pathologic process which was essentially that of a chronic progressive meningocortical cicatrix. However, a similar type of lesion was produced by control preparations which failed to induce convulsive seizures at any time during a long observation period. From this study it must be concluded that the pathologic changes observed were insufficient to account by themselves for the convulsive manifestations.
Training in Advanced Trauma Life Support
Authors: Paul E. Collicott
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The lack of a standardized method for the initial assessment of the trauma patient's condition and the skills to perform emergency lifesaving surgical techniques in rural Nebraska has led to the development of an Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) course. There has been a direct correlation between the presentation of the course in several rural areas of Nebraska and the improved quality of trauma care apparent when the patients arrive at a definitive care hospital. The national development of a standardized ATLS course will improve the survival of trauma patients as has been experienced with the Advanced Cardiac Life Support course and cardiac patients.
WARFARIN IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS AND LEFT VENTRICULAR THROMBUS FORMATION: ARE WE TREATING THE RIGHT PATIENTS WITH THE RIGHT ANTI-THROMBOTIC THERAPY?
Authors: Ronak Delewi, Robin Nijveldt, Rianne H. de Bruin, Bogdan Marcu, Jim Vleugels, Alexander Hirsch, Berto J. Bouma, Albert C. van Rossum, Felix Zijlstra, Jan J. Piek
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Low sex-hormone binding globulin levels in young women with diffuse hair loss
Authors: J.A. MILLER, C.R. DARLEY, K. KARKAVITSAS, J.D. KIRBY, D.D. MUNRO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

We measured plasma sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and testosterone levels in a pilot study of eight women aged 21-41 years who complained of diffuse hair loss; and subsequently in a larger group of fifteen patients of a similar age range. There was a significant reduction in SHBG levels in both groups of patients when compared ot controls, but testosterone values were normal.
Aldose Reductase and Cardiovascular Diseases, Creating Human-Like Diabetic Complications in an Experimental Model
Authors: Ravichandran Ramasamy, Ira J. Goldberg
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

Abstract : Hyperglycemia and reduced insulin actions affect many biological processes. One theory is that aberrant metabolism of glucose via several pathways including the polyol pathway causes cellular toxicity. Aldose reductase (AR) is a multifunctional enzyme that reduces aldehydes. Under diabetic conditions AR converts glucose into sorbitol, which is then converted to fructose. This article reviews the biology and pathobiology of AR actions. AR expression varies considerably among species. In humans and rats, the higher level of AR expression is associated with toxicity. Flux via AR is increased by ischemia and its inhibition during ischemia reperfusion reduces injury. However, similar pharmacological effects are not observed in mice unless they express a human AR transgene. This is because mice have much lower levels of AR expression, probably insufficient to generate toxic byproducts. Human AR expression in LDL receptor knockout mice exacerbates vascular disease, but only under diabetic conditions. In contrast, a recent report suggests that genetic ablation of AR increased atherosclerosis and increased hydroxynonenal in arteries. It was hypothesized that AR knockout prevented reduction of toxic aldehydes. Like many in vivo effects found in genetically manipulated animals, interpretation requires the reproduction of human-like physiology. For AR, this will require tissue specific expression of AR in sites and at levels that approximate those in humans.
Analysis of Definitive Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in Each Clinical Stage for Elderly Patients with Esophageal Cancer
Authors: K. Ogawa, A. Hosokawa, A. Ueda, T. Ando, S. Kajiura, K. Shibata, N. Horikawa, M. Note, M. Terada, T. Sugiyama
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Emergence of Recreational Drug Abuse as a Major Risk Factor for Stroke in Young Adults
Authors: David A. Kaku
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Objective: To investigate the clinical and epidemiologic relations between recreational drug abuse and stroke in young persons. Design: A case-control study based on medical records. Setting: San Francisco General Hospital, a 400-bed municipal hospital. Patients: Consecutive sample of 214 patients aged 15 to 44 years, admitted between 1979 and 1988 with a diagnosis of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. An equal number of control patients admitted with diagnoses of status asthmaticus, acute appendicitis, or acute cholecystitis were matched to stroke patients by age, sex, and year of hospitalization. Measurements and Main Results: Seventy-three patients with stroke (34%) were drug abusers compared with 18 (8%) of the controls. In 47 patients with stroke, temporal proximity of drug administration (n = 34) or infectious endocarditis (n = 13) suggested a direct association between drug abuse and stroke. After controlling for other identifiable stroke risk factors, the estimated relative risk for stroke among drug abusers compared with that among non-drug abusers was 6.5 (95% CI, 3.1 to 13.6), and this increased to 49.4 (CI, 6.4 to 379.0) for those patients whose symptoms began within 6 hours of drug administration. Among patients less than 35 years of age, drug abuse was the most commonly identified potential predisposing condition (47%), and it was the only condition with a significantly elevated relative risk for stroke (11.7; CI, 3.2 to 42.5). Further, a substantial rise in the proportion of drug-related strokes was observed in the last 3 years of the study (31% in 1986 to 1988, compared with 15% in 1979 to 1985, P = 0.008). Cocaine, especially recently, was the drug used most frequently in drug-related strokes. Conclusion: In an urban population such as ours, recreational drug abuse appears to be a prominent and growing risk factor for strokes in young adults.
"The Texas Medical Law."
Authors: F. W. Reilly
Journal: JAMA (1894)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have to thank you for calling my attention to an editorial article in the current number of the<i>Texas Medical Journal</i>, in which the Illinois State Board of Health is accused of having made "a bad break with regard to the law in Texas," in its report on medical education, prepared by the present writer. Since that report has not yet been published the Texas<i>Journal</i>must refer to an article originally published in theJournal of the American Medical Association, March 10, 1894, under the title "Legal Requirements for the Practice of Medicine in the United States." It is, therefore, proper that this notice of the Texas<i>Journal's</i>charges should appear in the same columns. The article consisted substantially of "a<i>résumé</i>of the legal requirements for practice in each State and Territory of the United States in force Jan. 1,1894," and in it appeared
Training for Success — How to Treat the Doctor
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

SOME aspects of modern university teaching have recently been criticized by Mr. Paul Chambers, chairman of Imperial Chemical Industries. As a businessman he has complained that life at a university, with its intellectual and inconclusive discussions at the postgraduate level, is on the whole a bad training for the real world of management and decision making. He does not contend that a formal education necessarily tends to extinguish the qualities of drive and enterprise, but he claims that many universities are not doing enough to nurture these qualities where they exist. If this is true it may be a valid . . .
Platelet Microparticles: A Potential Predictive Factor of Survival in Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Docetaxel-Based Chemotherapy
Authors: Dominique Helley, Eugeniu Banu, Abdelkader Bouziane, Adela Banu, Florian Scotte, Anne-Marie Fischer, Stéphane Oudard
Journal: European Urology (2008)
1157-49 Physiologic and anatomical evaluation prior to and after stent implantation in small coronary vessels: Final results of PHANTOM trial
Authors: Marco A Costa, Manel Sabate, Rodolfo Staico, Fernando Alfonso, Paul Gilmore, Brett Sasseen, Martin Zenni, Seixas Ana Cristina, J Eduardo Sousa, Carlos Macaya, Theodore Bass
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
DIABETES MELLITUS AND CONCOMITANT LEUKEMIA
Authors: JEROME GLASER
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The simultaneous occurrence of diabetes mellitus and leukemia in the same person is quite unusual. In 1920, Fitz<sup>1</sup>reported a case and summarized two others already described in the literature. The first case was described by Rebitzer,<sup>2</sup>and occurred in a man, aged 56, who had had diabetes for six years. Four months before death, which occurred in diabetic coma, the patient began to complain of a sense of pressure under the ribs and an abdominal swelling. On examination, a greatly enlarged spleen was felt and the leukocyte count was 555,000. At necropsy the observations were characteristic of leukemia, but it cannot be stated from the report whether the leukemia was of the myelogenous or the lymphatic type. Grossly and microscopically, nothing abnormal was noted in the pancreas. The second case, reported by Schwarz,<sup>3</sup>occurred in a boy, aged 13 years. In this instance the onset of
Ethical Analysis of Clinical Medicine: A Guide to Self-Evaluation
Authors: Bernard H. Adelson
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Ethics is that branch of philosophy that deals with right and wrong and with the moral consequences of human action. A rapidly growing literature of medical ethics testifies to the importance and the immediacy of the ethical problems involved in patient care. Many physicians have an incomplete understanding of medical ethics and are often uncertain as to how to proceed in the resolution of ethical issues arising in the care of patients. This book is a response to the needs of these physicians. The book stimulates the reader to participate actively in the critical reasoning that is needed to resolve issues of medical ethics as they pertain to the care of the patient. It was written by a philosopher and two practicing physicians who have had a long interest in patient care, in the evaluation of ethical issues in medicine, and in the teaching of medical ethics. The authors use
A Life Course Approach to Chronic Disease Epidemiology
Authors: J. Fox
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Ed Diana Kuh, Yoav Ben-Shlomo Oxford University Press, £45, pp 317 ISBN 0 19 2627821 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> The 20th century has seen a remarkable shift in the health of populations in industrialised countries. For example, life expectancy in England and Wales has risen from 48.5 years in men and 52.4 years in women in 1901 to 74.4 and 79.6 years respectively in 1996. The main causes of death in 1901 were bronchitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, and pneumonia; in 1996 they were ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and pneumonia. Changes of this size imply that different factors influence health today from at the start of the century. … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Computing and Expressing Degree of Fatness
Authors: Kelly M. West
Journal: JAMA (1980)

To the Editor.—  Direct measurements of degree of fatness are seldom practicable. Among the most commonly recommended methods for expressing fatness are (1) use of standard tables of weight and height and (2) computation of the body mass index (BMI): weight, in kilograms, is divided by the height, squared, in meters (wt/ht2). Among the advantages of the latter is that in most circumstances, the index is independent of height. In a population of 973,I found this to be the case in both men and women.  A disadvantage of the BMI is that the significance of a given result differs substantially by sex. For example, a man with a BMI of 21.4 is a bit underweight; a woman with a BMI of 21.4 is a little overweight. Thus, data from men and women cannot be analyzed together. A common difficulty with using the standard weight-for-height tables is that standardization has
1155-101 In vivo temperature measurements of human atherosclerotic plaques with a new balloon-thermography catheter: The “cooling effect” of blood flow
Authors: Eleftherios Tsiamis, Konstantinos Toutouzas, John Mitropoulos, Sophia Vaina, Manolis Vavuranakis, Costas Tsioufis, John Kallikazaros, Christos Pitsavos, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Free radical damage pinpointed in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Oxidative damage to brain cells may be a principal indicator of Alzheimer's disease activity, according to new research that has identified increased concentrations of free radicals in certain areas of patients' brains.

Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and colleagues at the Florida Institute of Technology in Melbourne, Florida, have discovered that the measurement in body tissue of compounds called isoprostanes can accurately …
Superficial Corneal Growth
Authors: Huan J. Chang
Journal: JAMA (2011)

DURING A ROUTINE OFFICE VISIT, YOU NOTICE THAT YOUR PATIENT, A 70year-old white man, has a small superficial growth on the surface of his right eye that you do not remember seeing before (FIGURE 1). When you ask about it, your patient tells you he has had the lump for about a month. He has had no previous ophthalmic or relevant medical history. He also denies any prior surgery, trauma, or infection. Physical examination is remarkable only for a superficial right corneal lesion. What Would You Do Next? A. Ask the patient to stop rubbing his eyes so frequently B. Do nothing today, follow up in 3 months C. Refer to ophthalmologist for biopsy of the lesion D. Refer to ophthalmologist for corneal transplant
Jamaican Vomiting Sickness
Authors: Kay Tanaka, E. A. Kean, Barbara Johnson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

We identified methylenecyclopropylacetic acid, a known metabolite of hypoglycin A, in the urine of two patients with Jamaican vomiting sickness. Excretion of unusual dicarboxylic acids such as 2-ethylmalonic, 2-methylsuccinic, glutaric, adipic and dicarboxylic acids with eight and 10 carbon chains were also detected in both patients. The amounts of these dicarboxylic acids were 70 to 1000 times higher than normal. These metabolites have also been identified in urine of hypoglycin-treated rats. This evidence links hypoglycin A to Jamaican vomiting sickness as its causative agent. Urinary excretion of short-chain fatty acids was also increased up to 300 times higher than normal. These results indicate that, despite their clinical and histologic similarities, the cause and biochemical mechanisms of Jamaican vomiting sickness differ distinctly from those of Reye's syndrome in which these abnormal urinary metabolites are not appreciably increased.