tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reversing the Direction of Paced Ventricular and Atrial Wavefronts Reveals an Oblique Course in Accessory AV Pathways and Improves Localization for Catheter Ablation
Authors: Kenichiro Otomo, Mario D. Gonzalez, Karen J. Beckman, Hiroshi Nakagawa, Anton E. Becker, Nayyar Shah, Kagari Matsudaira, Zulu Wang, Ralph Lazzara, Warren M. Jackman
Journal: Circulation (2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine how often accessory atrioventricular (AV) pathways (AP) cross the AV groove obliquely. With an oblique course, the local ventriculoatrial (VA) interval at the site of earliest atrial activation (local-VA) and the local-AV interval at the site of earliest ventricular activation (local-AV) should vary by reversing the direction of the paced ventricular and atrial wavefronts, respectively.One hundred fourteen patients with a single AP were studied. Two ventricular and two atrial pacing sites on opposite sides of the AP were selected to reverse the direction of the ventricular and atrial wavefronts along the annulus. Reversing the ventricular wavefront increased local-VA by >/=15 ms in 91 of 106 (91%) patients. With the shorter local-VA, the ventricular potential overlapped the atrial potential along a 17.2+/-8.5-mm length of the annulus. No overlap occurred with the opposite wavefront. Reversing the atrial wavefront increased local-AV by >/=15 ms in 32 of 44 (73%) patients. With the shorter local-AV, the atrial potential overlapped the ventricular potential along an 11.9+/-8.9-mm length of the annulus. No overlap occurred with the opposite wavefront. Mapping during longer local-VA or local-AV identified an AP potential in 102 of 114 (89%) patients. Catheter ablation eliminated AP conduction in all 111 patients attempted (median, 1 radiofrequency application in 99 patients with an AP potential versus 4.5 applications without an AP potential).Reversing the direction of the paced ventricular or atrial wavefront reveals an oblique course in most APs and facilitates localization of the AP potential for catheter ablation.
Stromal heparan sulfate differentiates neuroblasts to suppress neuroblastoma growth
Authors: Erik H. Knelson, Angela L. Gaviglio, Jasmine C. Nee, Mark D. Starr, Andrew B. Nixon, Stephen G. Marcus, Gerard C. Blobe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Neuroblastoma prognosis is dependent on both the differentiation state and stromal content of the tumor. Neuroblastoma tumor stroma is thought to suppress neuroblast growth via release of soluble differentiating factors. Here, we identified critical growth-limiting components of the differentiating stroma secretome and designed a potential therapeutic strategy based on their central mechanism of action. We demonstrated that expression of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), including TβRIII, GPC1, GPC3, SDC3, and SDC4, is low in neuroblasts and high in the Schwannian stroma. Evaluation of neuroblastoma patient microarray data revealed an association between TGFBR3, GPC1, and SDC3 expression and improved prognosis. Treatment of neuroblastoma cell lines with soluble HSPGs promoted neuroblast differentiation via FGFR1 and ERK phosphorylation, leading to upregulation of the transcription factor inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (ID1). HSPGs also enhanced FGF2-dependent differentiation, and the anticoagulant heparin had a similar effect, leading to decreased neuroblast proliferation. Dissection of individual sulfation sites identified 2-O, 3-O-desulfated heparin (ODSH) as a differentiating agent, and treatment of orthotopic xenograft models with ODSH suppressed tumor growth and metastasis without anticoagulation. These studies support heparan sulfate signaling intermediates as prognostic and therapeutic neuroblastoma biomarkers and demonstrate that tumor stroma biology can inform the design of targeted molecular therapeutics.
Decreased Risk of Fractures of the Hip and Lower Forearm with Postmenopausal Use of Estrogen
Authors: Noel S. Weiss, Carol L. Ure, Jude H. Ballard, Ann R. Williams, Janet R. Daling
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

We interviewed 327 women who had been 50 to 74 years of age when treated for fracture of the hip or lower forearm, to determine their use (or lack of use) of estrogen preparations. Their responses were compared with those in a random sample of 567 women who were of similar age and from the same region. The risk of fracture was 50 to 60 per cent lower in women who had used these drugs for six years or longer than in women who had not used them (95 per cent confidence interval of relative risk, 0.3 to 0.6); those using them for shorter periods received less benefit, if any. A decreased risk of fracture was clearly evident only in women still taking estrogens and evident at either common daily dose (0.625 and 1.25 mg). In conjunction with the finding that estrogens can retard the development of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, our data argue that lowering of the risk of hip and forearm fractures must be weighed as a benefit of long-term estrogen use. (N Engl J Med. 1980; 303:1195–8.)
Researchers launch major initiative to hunt human cancer genes
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2003)

UK and Dutch research centres announced a major, joint initiative this week to use one of the latest molecular research techniques—RNA interference—to systematically identify new genes causing human cancers.

The collaboration between Cancer Research UK and the Netherlands Cancer Institute will use RNA interference to switch off individual genes in cells while leaving others unaffected. This will be then be used to uncover individual genes that become over-expressed in human cancers.

Dr Julian Downward, principal scientist at the Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, …
Assessment of dexrazoxane as a cardioprotectant in doxorubicin-treated children with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: long-term follow-up of a prospective, randomised, multicentre trial
Authors: Steven E Lipshultz, Rebecca E Scully, Stuart R Lipsitz, Stephen E Sallan, Lewis B Silverman, Tracie L Miller, Elly V Barry, Barbara L Asselin, Uma Athale, Luis A Clavell, Eric Larsen, Albert Moghrabi, Yvan Samson, Bruno Michon, Marshall A Schorin, Harvey J Cohen, Donna S Neuberg, E John Orav, Steven D Colan
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2010)
THE USE OF CARBON DIOXID SNOW IN THE TREATMENT OF NEVI AND OTHER LESIONS OF THE SKIN.A PRELIMINARY REPORT.
Authors: WILLIAM ALLEN PUSEY
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The purpose of this communication is to call attention to the use of frozen carbon dioxid for the destruction of lesions in the skin or for producing a violent inflammatory reaction in such lesions. Its action, of course, depends on its intense cold and on the effect produced by freezing. Since the idea occurred to me, eighteen months ago, I have used carbon dioxid as a destructive agent in various lesions of the skin. It furnishes a convenient and effective method of removing warts, calluses, senile keratoses and other such lesions. In the case of senile keratoses it is, I believe, an addition of some value to our methods of treatment. I wish, however, especially to call attention to its use in certain intractable conditions, notably nevi. The first case here reported illustrates what can be done in pigmented nevus with carbon dioxid. In this case a black hairy nevus
Oral immunotherapy induces IgG antibodies that act through FcγRIIb to suppress IgE-mediated hypersensitivity
Authors: Oliver T. Burton, Stephanie L. Logsdon, Joseph S. Zhou, Jaciel Medina-Tamayo, Azza Abdel-Gadir, Magali Noval Rivas, Kyle J. Koleoglou, Talal A. Chatila, Lynda C. Schneider, Rima Rachid, Dale T. Umetsu, Hans C. Oettgen
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Assessing equity in systematic reviews: realising the recommendations of the Commission on Social Determinants of Health
Authors: P. Tugwell, M. Petticrew, E. Kristjansson, V. Welch, E. Ueffing, E. Waters, J. Bonnefoy, A. Morgan, E. Doohan, M. P. Kelly
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A group from the Cochrane Collaboration, Campbell Collaboration, and the World Health Organization Measurement and Evidence Knowledge Network has developed guidance on assessing health equity effects in systematic reviews of healthcare interventions. This guidance is also relevant to primary research
Cervical Hibernoma Demonstrating Uptake on Tc-99m Lymphoscintigraphy
Authors: Erica Giblin, David Lynn, Keith Mortman
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

A hibernoma is an uncommon, benign tumor composed of brown adipose tissue. It is a rare but documented cause of neck masses. Hibernomas may be first diagnosed not by clinical examination, but incidentally through radiologic tests assessing the metabolic activity of certain tissues. These tumors are by definition benign entities but, given their propensity for growth over time, they require complete extirpation to prevent recurrence. Different radiologic modalities have been used to evaluate hibernomas, including computed tomography scan, magnetic resonance imaging, fluorine-18 fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography, and angiography. It is rare for a hibernoma to be discovered through Tc-99m lymphoscintigraphy.
Jonas &amp;amp; Kovner’s Health Care Delivery in the United States
Authors: S. Ryan Greysen
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Plasma Endothelin in NIDDM Patients With and Without Complications
Authors: Plerdomenico Bertello, Franco Veglio, Giuliano Pinna, Lorenzo Gurioli, Paola Molino, Sandra Alban, Livio Chiandussi
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To measure plasma endothelin 1 (ET-1) levels in uncomplicated non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and investigate whether ET levels may be related to angiopathy, blood pressure, metabolic control, or duration of illness. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Plasma levels of ET-1 were measured in 44 NIDDM patients, of whom 24 had uncomplicated diabetes, 20 had angiopathy, and 10 had hypertension. In 21 patients, the duration of illness was &amp;gt; 10 years, and in 23 the duration of illness was &amp;lt;10 years. Serum creatinine levels, microalbuminuria, and HbA1c were determined simultaneously. Thirty normotensive healthy (nondiabetic) individuals (20 men and 10 women) served as control subjects. RESULTS No significant statistical differences in plasma ET-1 levels were found among all diabetic patients, diabetic patients with and without angiopathy, diabetic patients with different durations of diabetes, and normal subjects. No significant correlation of plasma ET-1 with blood pressure, age, serum creatinine level, duration of diabetes, HbA1c, or diabetic complications was found. CONCLUSIONS Plasma ET-1 levels are similar in patients with NIDDM and healthy subjects and do not seem to act as a marker of diabetic complications.
The Regeneration of the Blood After Splenectomy
Authors: R. M. Pearce
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The editorial on this subject (The Journal, Nov. 15, 1913, p. 1816) gives such an incorrect idea of the present state of our knowledge concerning this subject that I feel compelled to call attention to certain discrepancies in the data on which the editorial is based. An extensive study of the changes in the blood following splenectomy in the normal dog, carried out under my direction during the past two years (Pearce, R. M.: The Relation of the Spleen to Blood Destruction and Regeneration and to Hemolytic Jaundice, Papers I-VII,<i>Jour. Exper. Med.</i>, 1912, xvi, 363, 375, 758, 709, 780; 1913, xviii, 487, 494; an eighth paper is now in press [<i>Jour. Exper. Med.</i>, December, 1913]) has demonstrated conclusively that the spleenless animal always develops an anemia which is progressive for several weeks, usually reaching its period of greatest severity after from three to six weeks and
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN QUANTITATIVE SEVERITY OF CORONARY STENOSIS, FRACTIONAL FLOW RESERVE FINDINGS, AND DEMAND STRESS MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION FINDINGS IN PATIENT WITH SYMPTOMATIC CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Juefei Wu, Feng Xie, Edward O'Leary, John Steuter, Thomas Porter
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Clonal composition of benign and malignant human thyroid tumors.
Authors: H Namba, K Matsuo, J A Fagin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

We determined clonality of thyroid tumors from female patients who had restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) in the X chromosome genes hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) or phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK). We screened normal thyroid tissue from 59 female patients; of the informative cases 14 were heterozygous for a Bgl I site on PGK and 4 were heterozygous for a Bam HI site on HPRT. In monoclonal tumors, one of the polymorphic alleles was selectively digested after additional digestion with Hpa II, a methylation sensitive enzyme, whereas in polyclonal tissue both were decreased to a similar extent. Normal thyroid tissue from all patients showed a polyclonal pattern. Of the 18 tumors studied, 12 were solitary thyroid nodules, and 6 were obtained from multinodular goiters (MNG). The following were monoclonal: 6/6 follicular adenomas, 2/2 follicular carcinomas, and 1/1 anaplastic carcinoma. Two of the three papillary carcinomas showed intermediate patterns, possibly due to contaminating effects of stromal tissue present in most of these neoplasms. Of the six nodules from MNG, four were polyclonal. The two largest gave a distinct monoclonal pattern. Most solitary thyroid tumors are monoclonal, supporting a somatic cell mutation model of thyroid neoplasm formation. Nodules from MNG are largely hyperplastic, although monoclonal neoplasms do occasionally arise within these glands. The specific somatic mutations leading to clonal expansion and determination of tumor phenotype are presently unknown.
Nonneutral Admixture of Immigrant Genotypes in African Drosophila melanogaster Populations from Zimbabwe
Authors: M. Kauer
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

Drosophila melanogaster originated in Africa and colonized the rest of the world only recently (approximately 10,000 to 15,000 years ago). Using 151 microsatellite loci, we investigated patterns of gene flow between African D. melanogaster populations representing presumptive ancestral variation and recently colonized European populations. Although we detected almost no evidence for alleles of non-African ancestry in a rural D. melanogaster population from Zimbabwe, an urban population from Zimbabwe showed evidence for admixture. Interestingly, the degree of admixture differed among chromosomes. X chromosomes of both rural and urban populations showed almost no non-African ancestry, but the third chromosome in the urban population showed up to 70% of non-African alleles. When chromosomes were broken into contingent microsatellite blocks, even higher estimates of admixture and significant heterogeneity in admixture was observed among these blocks. The discrepancy between the X chromosome and the third chromosome is not consistent with a neutral admixture hypothesis. The higher number of European alleles on the third chromosome could be due to stronger selection against foreign alleles on the X chromosome or to more introgression of (beneficial) alleles on the third chromosome.
The Inherent Premise of Immunotherapy for Cancer Dormancy
Authors: Masoud H. Manjili
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Clinical cancer dormancy is evident from the detection of circulating tumor cells in the blood and tissue-residing disseminated tumor cells in the bone marrow of cancer survivors who have been clinically disease free. Emerging evidence from clinical and preclinical studies suggests that tumor dormancy is a critical step in the development of both primary cancer and advanced-stage disease. In this review, it is shown that (i) naturally occurring tumor dormancy precedes occurrence of primary cancer, and (ii) conventional cancer therapies result in treatment-induced tumor dormancy, which in turn could lead to distant recurrence of cancer or permanent tumor dormancy, depending on immunogenic status of dormancy. Given that cellular dormancy is an evolutionary conserved survival mechanism in biologic systems, any stress or cytotoxic therapy could trigger cellular dormancy. Therefore, a successful cancer therapy is likely to be achieved by establishing permanent tumor dormancy and preventing distant recurrence of cancer or by eliminating dormant tumor cells. This could be accomplished by cancer immunotherapy because of the establishment of long-term memory responses.
Meta-analysis: Effect of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Testing on Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Acute Dyspnea in the Emergency Setting
Authors: Louisa L. Lam, Peter A. Cameron, Hans G. Schneider, Michael J. Abramson, Christian Müller, Henry Krum
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Background: Although the accuracy of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) testing for diagnosing acute decompensated heart failure has been extensively evaluated, the effect of this test on clinical outcomes remains unclear. Purpose: To investigate whether BNP testing of patients presenting with acute dyspnea in the emergency department leads to fewer admissions, shorter length of stay, and improved short-term survival compared with usual care without BNP testing. Data Sources: Two reviewers searched Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE, without language restrictions, to identify pertinent studies published from January 1996 to July 2010. Study Selection: Randomized, controlled trials that compared BNP testing to diagnose heart failure with routine care in patients presenting with acute dyspnea and information about 1 or more of the following outcomes: mortality, admission, or length of hospital stay. Data Extraction: Two authors independently reviewed articles, extracted data, and assessed quality and risk for bias of studies. Data Synthesis: Five trials conducted in 5 countries and involving 2513 patients met inclusion criteria. Study settings had differing emergency department staffing models and used various BNP testing protocols. The pooled estimate of effect of BNP testing on all-cause mortality had wide confidence bounds and was inconclusive (odds ratio, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.65 to 1.41]). Admission rates decreased in the tested group compared with the control group (odds ratio, 0.82 [CI, 0.67 to 1.01]), although this finding was not statistically significant. Length of hospital and critical care unit stay were both modestly reduced in the tested group compared with the control group, with a mean difference of −1.22 days (CI, −2.31 to −0.14 day) and −0.56 day (CI, −1.06 to −0.05 day), respectively. Limitation: Few relevant trials were studied. Patients included in the trials and the settings in which trials were conducted were heterogeneous. Conclusion: B-type natriuretic peptide testing in the emergency department for patients presenting with acute dyspnea decreased length hospital of stay by about 1 day and possibly reduced admission rates but did not conclusively affect hospital mortality rates. Primary Funding Source: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
TCT-392 Silent Cerebral Infarcts Following Cardiac Catheterization: A Randomized Comparison Of Radial And Femoral Approaches
Authors: Michele Hamon, Guillaume Coutance, Janusz Lipiecki, Didier Carrié, Francesco Burzotta, Nicolas Durel, Nicolas Boudou, Cesare Colosimo, Carlo Trani, Nicolas Dumonteil, Rémy Morello, Fausto Viader, Béatrice Clais, Martial Hamon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
The Morning Post
Authors: Ted McMahon
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Perioperative management of patients taking treatment for chronic pain
Authors: C. Farrell, P. McConaghy
Journal: BMJ (2012)

#### Summary points

A large European survey conducted in 2003 found that 19% of adults report living with chronic pain.1 The British Pain Society defines chronic pain as pain that is continuous for more 12 weeks or (if the pain followed trauma or surgery) is longer than the time the healing would have been expected to take.2 Chronic pain, however, can be idiopathic, existing as its own disease entity, and does not need to have followed a specific traumatic or surgical event.

When patients with chronic pain are admitted to hospital, staff may be unfamiliar with the underlying condition and its management, potentially leading to a failure of staff to appreciate the need for continuation of regular analgesia as well as supplementation for acute postoperative pain. The presence of preoperative pain and high anxiety have been validated as predictors for early postoperative severe pain.3 Therefore, an inadequately managed patient with chronic pain risks experiencing severe postoperative pain. Providing effective analgesia is complicated by omission of regular medications owing to preoperative fasting,4 potentially leading to worsening of symptoms or development of withdrawal syndromes, while the prescription of …
Psychophysical assessment of visual dysfunction.
Authors: P M Blough, J S Young
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

Selected psychophysical techniques for nonhuman animals are described. These include operant learning methods and a new reflexive technique that may prove especially efficient. Problems of particular interest for toxicological research include control of the physical stimulus, choice of species, separation of stimulus from attentional effects, response bias, and pre- and post-training efficiency.