tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Retinol is essential for growth of activated human B cells.
Authors: J Buck, G Ritter, L Dannecker, V Katta, S L Cohen, B T Chait, U Hämmerling
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

When EBV-transformed human B cells are removed from conventional cell cultures, washed, and seeded at a low cell density in serum-free medium, their growth potential is greatly diminished. Fresh serum restores the growth of low density B cell cultures. We have traced this restorative effect to an essential factor present in the lipid fraction of serum and have identified it as all-trans retinol. The identification is based on the close similarities of the factor isolated from serum with authentic all-trans retinol as revealed by mass spectrometry, HPLC chromatography, and the ability to stimulate the growth of lymphoblastoid cells in the bioassay. Retinol is active at concentrations equal to its concentration in serum. Retinol is also a requirement for growth in suspension cultures at cell densities of 3 x 10(5)/ml. Cells removed at any time from such exponentially growing cultures and transferred to retinol-free medium cease to grow and consequently die, whereas in the continued presence of retinol, cell growth is unabated. All-trans retinal can substitute for retinol, but retinoic acid fails to stimulate the growth of lymphoblastoid cells at physiological concentrations. Normal human B lymphocytes also require retinol as a costimulator of proliferation after activation by anti-mu antibody or Staphylococcus aureus (Cowan strain) bacteria. In serum, retinol is bound to retinol-binding protein, which in turn forms a complex with prealbumin. Accordingly, we find that B cells respond to retinol bound to its physiological serum carrier, retinol-binding protein. In conclusion, human B cells are critically dependent for optimal growth in cell culture on an external supply of retinol.
Tamoxifen with or without Breast Irradiation in Women 50 Years of Age or Older with Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Anthony W. Fyles, David R. McCready, Lee A. Manchul, Maureen E. Trudeau, Patricia Merante, Melania Pintilie, Lorna M. Weir, Ivo A. Olivotto
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

We determined the effect of breast irradiation plus tamoxifen on disease-free survival and local relapse in women 50 years of age or older who had T1 or T2 node-negative breast cancer.
Focal Pulmonary Uptake During Tc-99m Myocardial Perfusion SPECT Imaging
Authors: SEONG-MIN KIM, HEE-SEUNG BOM, HO-CHEON SONG, HWAN-JEONG JEONG, JUNG-JUN MIN, MING-HAO LI, JAE-TAE LEE, SEOK-TAE LIM, JI-YEUL KIM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

Purpose To evaluate the incidence and origin of abnormal focal pulmonary uptake during myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging (MSPECT). Methods For evaluation of chest pain, 790 men and 581 women (mean age, 56 ± 13 years) underwent MSPECT. All of them received adenosine for pharmacologic stress and Tc-99m tetrofosmin (TF, n = 817) or Tc-99m sestamibi (MIBI, n = 554) for myocardial perfusion imaging. Results Review of chest radiography with or without computed tomography revealed 111 (8.1%) focal pulmonary diseases. Among them, 38 (34.2%) showed focal pulmonary uptake (TF, 22; MIBI, 16); 27 (30.7%) of 88 showed previous pulmonary tuberculosis; 2 of 10 (20%) benign pulmonary nodules; 4 of 5 (80%) metastatic lung cancers; 2 of 4 (50%) primary lung cancers; and 3 of 4 (75%) pneumonias. No difference in uptake was noted for the two imaging agents. Intensity of uptake did not vary with origin of the uptake. Focal abnormal pulmonary uptake was found in 2.8% of patients undergoing MSPECT and in 34.2% of patients in whom radiological examinations showed regional pulmonary disease. In patients with abnormal pulmonary uptake on MSPECT, 16% had a malignant lesion, whereas 75% of patients with a pulmonary nodule shown on radiography and focal pulmonary uptake on MSPECT had a malignant lesion. Conclusions Although the incidence of abnormal pulmonary uptake during MSPECT was very low, the incidence of malignant lesions in the patients with nodular pulmonary uptake was relatively high.
Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Gastroenterology: Helicobacter pylori and Peptic Ulceration in Gastritis
Authors: James P. McManus
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine15 May 1993Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Gastroenterology: Helicobacter pylori and Peptic Ulceration in GastritisJames P. McManus, MDJames P. McManus, MDTexas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76508.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-10-199305150-00035 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Helicobacter pylori and Peptic Ulceration in GastritisBarry J. Marshall, Richard W. McCallum, and Richard L. Guerrant; eds. 226 pages. London: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991. $59.95.The recognition of the significance of Helicobacter pylori in gastritis and peptic ulceration ranks in importance with the development of fiberoptic endoscopes, histamine-2 (H2)-receptor antagonists, and proton pump inhibitors. Although the role of H. pylori infection in the pathogenesis of type B chronic gastritis is universally accepted, its role in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease and, even more importantly, the implications of eradication of the infection in the natural history of peptic ulcer disease have ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76508. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 May 1993Volume 118, Issue 10Page: 831-832KeywordsGastritisInfectious diseasesMicrobiologyMolecular biologyNauseaPathogenesisPediatric infectionsPeptic ulcersResearch laboratoriesVomiting ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 May 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Measuring health-related quality of life in patients with mild to moderate eczema and psoriasis: clinical validity, reliability and sensitivity to change of the DLQI
Authors: None Badia, None Mascaró, None Lozano
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Journal Article Measuring health‐related quality of life in patients with mild to moderate eczema and psoriasis: clinical validity, reliability and sensitivity to change of the DLQI Get access X. Badia, X. Badia Catalan Institute of Public Health, University of Barcelona, Campus de Bellvitge. Ctra de la Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain Dr Xavier Badia E‐mail: xbadia@bell.ub.es Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.M. Mascaró, J.M. Mascaró Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, C/Villarroel 170, 08034 Barcelona, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Lozano, R. Lozano Medical Department, Laboratorios Novag, S.A. (Grupo Ferrer), Gran Via Carlos III 94, 08028 Barcelona, Spain Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ON BEHALF OF THE CAVIDE RESEARCH GROUP ON BEHALF OF THE CAVIDE RESEARCH GROUP Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 141, Issue 4, 1 October 1999, Pages 698–702, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.03112.x Published: 01 October 1999
Transcoronary Concentration Gradients of Circulating MicroRNAs
Authors: Salvatore De Rosa, Stephan Fichtlscherer, Ralf Lehmann, Birgit Assmus, Stefanie Dimmeler, Andreas M. Zeiher
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background— Circulating levels of microRNA (miR) have been proposed as biomarkers for cardiovascular disease. To identify the heart as a potential source for miRs released into the circulation, we measured concentration gradients across the coronary circulation for muscle-enriched (miR-133a, miR-499, miR-208a), vascular (miR-126, miR-92a), leukocyte-related (miR-155), and platelet-enriched (miR-223) miRs. Methods and Results— Circulating miRs were measured by TaqMan polymerase chain reaction in EDTA-plasma simultaneously obtained from the aorta and the coronary venous sinus in patients without coronary artery disease (n=7), with stable coronary artery disease (n=31), and with troponin-positive acute coronary syndromes (n=19). Circulating levels of the muscle-enriched miR-499 (&gt;20-fold; P &lt;0.01), miR-133a (11-fold; P &lt;0.01), and miR-208a (5-fold; P &lt;0.01) were significantly elevated in the aorta of troponin-positive acute coronary syndrome patients compared with patients with coronary artery disease. Importantly, there was a significant increase in circulating levels of miR-499 and miR-133a across the coronary circulation in troponin-positive acute coronary syndrome patients, suggestive of a release into the coronary circulation during myocardial injury. Indeed, miR-499 concentration gradients were significantly correlated with the extent of myocardial damage as measured by high-sensitivity troponin T ( r =0.70, P &lt;0.01). In contrast, circulating levels of miR-126 ( P =0.16) decreased during transcoronary passage in patients with evidence of myocardial injury, suggesting consumption during transcoronary passage. Conclusions— Muscle-enriched miR-499 and miR-133a are released from the heart into the coronary circulation on myocardial injury, whereas the vascular miR-126 is consumed during transcoronary passage. The differential regulation of circulating miRs during the transcoronary passage might provide important insights to exploit their role as cardiac biomarkers. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.germanctr.de . Unique identifier: DRKS00000207; in German Clinical Trials Registry.
Role of Lymphocytes in Myocardial Injury, Healing, and Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ulrich Hofmann, Stefan Frantz
Journal: Circulation Research (2015)

A large body of evidence produced during decades of research indicates that myocardial injury activates innate immunity. On the one hand, innate immunity both aggravates ischemic injury and impedes remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). On the other hand, innate immunity activation contributes to myocardial healing, as exemplified by monocytes' central role in the formation of a stable scar and protection against intraventricular thrombi after acute infarction. Although innate leukocytes can recognize a wide array of self-antigens via pattern recognition receptors, adaptive immunity activation requires highly specific cooperation between antigen-presenting cells and distinct antigen-specific receptors on lymphocytes. We have only recently begun to examine lymphocyte activation's relationship to adaptive immunity and significance in the context of ischemic myocardial injury. There is some experimental evidence that CD4(+) T-cells contribute to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Several studies have shown that CD4(+) T-cells, especially CD4(+) T-regulatory cells, improve wound healing after MI, whereas depleting B-cells is beneficial post MI. That T-cell activation after MI is induced by T-cell receptor signaling implicates autoantigens that have not yet been identified in this context. Also, the significance of lymphocytes in humans post MI remains unclear, primarily as a result of methodology. This review summarizes current experimental evidence of lymphocytes' activation, functional role, and crosstalk with innate leukocytes in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, wound healing, and remodeling after myocardial infarction.
Pancreatic Cancer Screening in a Prospective Cohort of High-Risk Patients: A Comprehensive Strategy of Imaging and Genetics
Authors: Elizabeth C. Verna, Caroline Hwang, Peter D. Stevens, Heidrun Rotterdam, Stavros N. Stavropoulos, Carolyn D. Sy, Martin A. Prince, Wendy K. Chung, Robert L. Fine, John A. Chabot, Harold Frucht
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Pancreatic cancer is a virtually uniformly fatal disease. We aimed to determine if screening to identify curable neoplasms is effective when offered to patients at high risk.Patients at high risk of pancreatic cancer were prospectively enrolled into a screening program. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and genetic testing were offered by a multidisciplinary team according to each patient's risk.Fifty-one patients in 43 families were enrolled, with mean age of 52 years, 35% of whom were male. Of these patients, 31 underwent EUS and 33 MRI. EUS revealed two patients with pancreatic cancer (one resectable, one metastatic), five with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN), seven with cysts, and six with parenchymal changes. Five had pancreatic surgery (one total pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer, three distal and one central pancreatectomy for pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia 2 and IPMN). A total of 24 (47%) had genetic testing (19 for BRCA1/2 mutations, 4 for CDKN2A, 1 for MLH1/MSH2) and 7 were positive for BRCA1/2 mutations. Four extrapancreatic neoplasms were found: two ovarian cancers on prophylactic total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, one carcinoid, and one papillary thyroid carcinoma. Overall, 6 (12%) of the 51 patients had neoplastic lesions in the pancreas and 9 (18%) had neoplasms in any location. All were on the initial round of screening. All patients remain alive and without complications of screening.Pancreatic cancer screening for high-risk patients with a comprehensive strategy of imaging and genetics is effective and identifies curable neoplasms that can be resected. Ongoing study will better define who will benefit from screening and what screening strategy will be the most effective.
Pathogens and host immunity in the ancient human oral cavity
Authors: Christina Warinner, João F Matias Rodrigues, Rounak Vyas, Christian Trachsel, Natallia Shved, Jonas Grossmann, Anita Radini, Y Hancock, Raul Y Tito, Sarah Fiddyment, Camilla Speller, Jessica Hendy, Sophy Charlton, Hans Ulrich Luder, Domingo C Salazar-García, Elisabeth Eppler, Roger Seiler, Lars H Hansen, José Alfredo Samaniego Castruita, Simon Barkow-Oesterreicher, Kai Yik Teoh, Christian D Kelstrup, Jesper V Olsen, Paolo Nanni, Toshihisa Kawai, Eske Willerslev, Christian von Mering, Cecil M Lewis, Matthew J Collins, M Thomas P Gilbert, Frank Rühli, Enrico Cappellini
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
Fibroblast-growth-factor receptor mutations in human skeletal disorders
Authors: Maximilian Muenke, Ute Schell
Journal: Trends in Genetics (1995)

Fibroblast-growth-factor receptors (FGFRs), members of the tyrosine-kinase receptor family, play a crucial role in signal transduction and development. Recently, unique mutations in three human FGFR-encoding genes (FGFR1-3) have been identified as the cause of a variety of skeletal disorders. Comparison of these specific mutations with the resulting phenotypes is now providing new insight into the role of these receptors in normal and abnormal bone development.
Prevalence of markers of heart failure in patients with atrial fibrillation and the effects of ximelagatran compared to warfarin on the incidence of morbid and fatal events: A report from the SPORTIF III and V trials
Authors: John G.F. Cleland, Rhiddian Shelton, Nikolay Nikitin, Sarah Ford, Lars Frison, Margaretha Grind
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2007)
Increase in staff numbers may reduce doctors' "presenteeism"
Authors: R M Wrate
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—Forsythe et al show, on the basis of self reports, that doctors regularly ignore BMA ethical guidelines that advise against self-prescribing or prescribing for colleagues or relatives.1 Concerns about confidentiality were commonly reported. Proposals to address these problems include more “doctors' doctors” and an improved occupational health service for general practitioners.

The opportunities and anxieties that doctors face in their everyday lives may be important factors. For example, research in Edinburgh in which I participated found …
The prevalence of latex allergy in children seen in a university hospital allergy clinic
Authors: E. Novembre, R. Bernardini, I. Brizzi, G. Bertini, L. Mugnaini, C. Azzari, A. Vierucci
Journal: Allergy (1997)

Natural rubber latex allergy is responsible for a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms, ranging from rhinoconjunctivitis to severe anaphylaxis, in both adults and children. An association between allergy to latex and allergy to various fruits has been reported. This study investigated the prevalence and clinical significance of latex sensitization in children seen in a university hospital allergy clinic. A total of 453 consecutive children were screened in a 7-month period. A detailed clinical history with particular attention to the past surgical history and the eventual presence of latex- or food-induced allergic symptoms was obtained. Skin prick tests (SPT) for the more important inhalant allergens and foods were performed on all children. In patients with positive latex SPT, latex challenge and additional SPT for some fresh foods (avocado, pineapple, apricot, grape, banana, pear, apple, orange, almond, and chestnut) were also performed. RAST for the same food antigens, as well as patch test with latex and a standard battery of contact allergens, was also done. Of 326 atopic children, 10 (3%) presented positive skin test to latex, but only five (1.5%) also had a positive clinical history to latex exposure. Latex challenge was positive in 3/9 positive-latex-SPT children. None of the nonatopic children had positive skin test to latex or symptoms to latex exposure. A history of previous surgery was found in 5/10 positive-latex-SPT children, in 63/316 negative-latex-SPT atopic children (P < 0.05), and in 23/127 nonatopic children. RAST to latex was positive in 5/10 positive-latex-SPT children. Associated fruit-specific IgE (SPT and/or RAST) were found in all latex-symptomatic children and in 2/5 latex-asymptomatic children. Apple, kiwi, and chestnut were the most common SPT-positive foods. Only one patient with clinical allergy to latex and positive skin tests to fruits had a history of clinical symptoms after ingestion of kiwi and orange. The natural history of the positive-latex-SPT children without clinical reactions to latex exposure and the clinical significance of the association of latex and fruit sensitivity require further studies.
Acute Renal Failure Complicating Rickettsial Infections in Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase-Deficient Individuals
Authors: ANDREW WHELTON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Two cases of acute renal failure in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD)-deficient American Negro soldiers are reported. Massive intravascular hemolysis in these patients was not due to hemolytic drugs—including antimalarial agents—but was associated with murine typhus in one case and with scrub typhus in the other. This association is described for the first time. Peritoneal dialysis was effective in treating the acute renal failure in both cases. A phenomenon of decreased peritoneal solute clearance (urea and creatinine) during the acute hemolytic renal failure phase of the illness was noted; however, it was seen that with subsequent clinical improvement, peritoneal solute clearances returned to the usual range. The pathogenesis of the renal failure in these patients remains speculative and may be due to the extensive intravascular hemolysis with filtration of large quantities of hemoglobin and hemoglobin cast formation superimposed on a rickettsial-induced vasculitis in the kidney.
Cyclooctylamine of Experimental in the Prevention Human Influenza
Authors: Yasushi Togo
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The prophylactic effectiveness of intranasally given SK&amp;F 23880A (cyclooctylamine hydrochloride) against induced A<sub>2</sub>/Hong Kong influenza was evaluated in double-blind trials on nine drug-treated and seven placebo-treated subjects. The topical SK&amp;F 23880A formulation was effective in preventing overt influenza in these susceptible subjects. The degree and duration of febrile reactions were substantially diminished. The drug exerted little effect in minimizing other signs and symptoms, however. Influenza viruses were recorded from all subjects but in apparently smaller quantities from the drug-treated men. Postchallenge serum antibody titers were significantly lower in the drug-treated group. Respiratory secretory antibody responses in this group were also reduced, but only slightly. Three drug-treated men complained of transient, mild nasopharyngeal irritation associated with the intranasally given medication.
Reporter who accused surgeon of experimentation told to reveal sources
Authors: Michael Leidig
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A Swiss newspaper that reported that a top surgeon had deliberately transplanted a heart with the wrong blood group as an “experiment” has been ordered to reveal its sources by a Swiss court.

The Sunday edition of the country's most respectable newspaper the Neue Zuercher Zeitung reported last July that the chief surgeon at Zurich University Hospital, Marko Turina, had deliberately transplanted a heart with the wrong blood group into patient Rosemarie Voser to attempt a medical breakthrough.

Ms Voser died three days after the operation in April 2005, at the age of 57, after spending a year on an organ donation waiting list. During the operation, she was given …
Protection Against Ischemic Injury by Nonvasoactive Concentrations of Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors in the Perfused Rabbit Heart
Authors: Christophe Depré, Jean-Louis Vanoverschelde, Jean-François Goudemant, Isabelle Mottet, Louis Hue
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background The functional and metabolic effects of inhibitors of nitric oxide (NO) synthase on ischemic hearts have not been investigated. This work was designed to perform such a study in isolated perfused rabbit hearts submitted to low-flow ischemia. Methods and Results After a 30-minute equilibration period, the hearts were submitted to low-flow ischemia for 60 minutes followed by reperfusion for 30 minutes. Functional and metabolic parameters were followed in hearts perfused with or without inhibitors of NO synthase or NO precursors, which were added 15 minutes before ischemia but were absent during reperfusion. Ischemic contracture was delayed and reduced in hearts perfused with 1 μmol/L l - N -monomethylarginine (L-NMMA) or 1 μmol/L l - N -arginine methylester, two inhibitors of NO synthase, but not with d - N -monomethylarginine, the inactive enantiomer of L-NMMA. The protection was suppressed by addition to the perfusate containing L-NMMA of 1 mmol/L l -arginine or 0.1 mmol/L sodium nitroprusside but not by addition of 10 μmol/L 8-bromo cGMP, a cGMP analogue. The functional protection by 1 μmol/L L-NMMA was related to a stimulation of glycolysis from exogenous glucose and a preservation of the glycogen stores. This resulted in a better maintenance of high-energy phosphates and a lower acidosis as measured by 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. During reperfusion, functional recovery was more than doubled, and enzyme release was halved in L-NMMA–treated hearts compared with controls. The functional and metabolic protection was maximal at 1 nmol/L to 1 μmol/L L-NMMA, ie, below the vasoactive concentrations of the inhibitor. Conclusions Nonvasoactive concentrations of NO synthase inhibitors protect the heart against ischemic damage; this relates to a stimulation of glycolysis from exogenous glucose.