tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lactic Acidosis and Bicarbonate Therapy
Authors: ROBERT C. HOLLANDER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1987Lactic Acidosis and Bicarbonate TherapyROBERT C. HOLLANDER, M.D.ROBERT C. HOLLANDER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-107-1-116_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Annals has recently published an editorial by Stacpoole (1) opposing the use of bicarbonate for the treatment of lactic acidosis and an argument in rebuttal by Narins and Cohen (2) in support of its use. The arguments used by Narins and Cohen omit certain details.Narins and Cohen criticize the experimental models of lactic acidosis in that mortalities approached 100%. Although this is true, it should be emphasized that even the acute administration of bicarbonate was associated with deleterious effects. In the phenformin model (3), bicarbonate therapy was associated with decreases in cardiac output, intracellular pH of...References1. STACPOOLE P. Lactic acidosis: the case against bicarbonate therapy [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1986;105:276-9. LinkGoogle Scholar2. NARINSCOHEN RJ. Bicarbonate therapy for organic acidosis: the case for its continued use. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:615-8. LinkGoogle Scholar3. ARIEFFLEACHPARKLAZAROWITH AWWV. Systemic effects of NaHCO3 in experimental lactic acidosis in dogs. Am J Physiol. 1982;242:FF586-91. Google Scholar4. GRAFLEACHARIEFF HWA. Evidence for a detrimental effect of bicarbonate therapy in hypoxic lactic acidosis. Science. 1985;227:754-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. NARINSCOHEN RJ. Bicarbonate therapy for organic acidosis: the case for its continued use. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:615-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. ASHER R. Talking Sense. London: Pitman Publishing Company; 1972. Google Scholar3. SKRABANEK P. Preventive medicine and morality. Lancet. 1986;1:43. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. KROENKE K. Polypharmacy: causes, consequences and cures. Am J Med. 1985;79:149-52. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Wadsworth Veterans Administration Medical Center Los Angeles, CA 90073 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byLactic Acidosis and Bicarbonate TherapyROBERT G. NARINS, M.D., JORDAN J. COHEN, M.D. 1 July 1987Volume 107, Issue 1Page: 116-117KeywordsBicarbonatesCardiac outputLactic acidosisMortality Issue Published: 1 July 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
THE INFLUENCE OF TRAUMA IN THE PRODUCTION OF MOVABLE KIDNEY.
Authors: M. L. HARRIS
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The influence of trauma in the production of movable kidney is a subject of special importance to the railway surgeon who is so frequently called on to decide whether or not a movable kidney in a given case is the result of a certain injury or accident. It is a common belief of the profession, as well as of the laity, that a movable kidney is frequently the result of an injury. Most writers on the subject assign to trauma an important place among the etiologic factors, but few of them indeed offer any evidence, such as the report in detail of cases, or of reasoning based on pathologic conditions found, in support of their statements. It is evident, therefore, that the statement has been passed on from one author to another without the subject receiving the careful attention which it deserves. Before entering in detail into this phase of
Freezing bone without excision. An experimental study of bone-cell destruction and manner of regrowth in dogs
Authors: A. A. Gage
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Freezing is lethal for cells and may be used to destroy normal or neoplastic tissue.1,2Our experience with cryotherapy for malignant tumors in the oral cavity demonstrated that lesions which were radioresistant and were not amenable to excision could be controlled.3When the cancer was adjacent to the mandible or maxilla, the bone also was frozen during treatment and was exposed when the soft tissue sloughed a few days later. Although the bared bone became discolored and coated with necrotic debris, healing occurred and soft tissue slowly covered the area. These observations suggested an experimental study to determine the extent of cell destruction and the manner of subsequent regrowth in bone devitalized by freezing without having been removed from the body. The purpose of the experiments was the development and evaluation of a technique of treating bone tumors without amputation or excision.  Methods and Materials  The femora of
Eradicate variations in health care, experts say
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The NHS should work to reduce unexplained variations in health care to generate cost savings, experts concluded at the King’s Fund annual conference in London this week.

The NHS has had a decade of growth, but the current cold financial climate means that there will inevitably be a reduction in funding over the next 10 years. The conference, Transforming Quality, Creating Value: Developing Health Care for a New Economic Era , examined solutions for coping with reduced funding at a time of increasing demand.

Mark Jennings, director of healthcare improvement at the King’s Fund, told delegates: “If we reduce variations in health care we can reduce costs and increase quality.” Quoting John Wennberg, director of the Center for Evaluative Clinical Sciences at Dartmouth Medical School, he said: “Variations in care …
Misleading guidelines on oxygen treatment in asthma
Authors: F. Wells
Journal: BMJ (1985)

with an ointment comprising 15% paromomycin sulphate and 12% methylbenzethonium chloride in white soft paraffin (P ointment, UK Patent No GB1 17237A).After 10 days' treatment twice daily 73% of patients had no parasites in their lesions; 14% became free within a further 20 days without further treatment, and 13% failed to respond.Pigmentation developed in 18% of the treated lesions and inflammation of varying degree was associated with the treatment.These develop- ments did not affect clinical healing, which was generally completed 10 to 30 days after the end of treatment.In addition, 94% of the treated lesions healed with little or no scarring.No adverse clinical or laboratory side effects were observed except for a burning sensation at the site of treatment.Parasites isolated from patients who failed to respond to topical treatment were found to be susceptible to the ointment in in vitro infected macrophages and in vivo in experimentally infected BALB/c mice.
Treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in a rat model by using multiple daily doses of oral administration of G-CSF-containing nanoparticles
Authors: Fang-Yi Su, Er-Yuan Chuang, Po-Yen Lin, Yi-Chun Chou, Chiung-Tong Chen, Fwu-Long Mi, Shiaw-Pyng Wey, Tzu-Chen Yen, Kun-Ju Lin, Hsing-Wen Sung
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Correction: Editorial on Tuberculosis Therapy
Authors: WILLIAM W. STEAD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1980Correction: Editorial on Tuberculosis TherapyWILLIAM W. STEAD, M.D.WILLIAM W. STEAD, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-93-5-784_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: There is an error in the third paragraph in our editorial en tuberculosis (1). What we meant to convey is that resistance to any effective drug occurs at a rate of 1 X 10-5to 1 X 10-7divisions. Thus, a population of 1 X 10-9organisms in a cavitary case might harbor from 100 to 10 000 resistant mutants....Reference1. STEAD W and DUTT A. An advance in treatment of tuberculosis. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:394-5. Editorial. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: WILLIAM W. STEAD, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1980Volume 93, Issue 5Page: 784-784KeywordsDrugs ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1980 PDF downloadLoading ...
Occurrence of Immunoglobulin G-Alkaline Phosphatase Complexes in Human Serum
Authors: Marc E. De Broe, Tony E. Mets, Geert G. Leroux-Roels, Roger J. Wieme
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

We studied three patients in whom all or part of their serum alkaline phosphatase circulated as a complex with immunoglobulin G (IgG). Serum alkaline phosphatase isozymes were visualized by their electrophoretic (in agar, agarose, and starch gel and on cellulose acetate), gel filtration, and electroimmunodiffusion behaviour. The alkaline phosphatase-IgG complex was of the liver type (two cases) and bone type (one case). The reaction pattern of alkaline phosphatase with different human tissues and with sera of heterologous origin suggests that the complex is of the antigen-antibody type. A direct genetic mechanism seems unlikely since in one patient the IgG-alkaline phosphatase complex was not present in previous serum samples. The presence of this complex has no apparent correlation with the observed abnormalities. Alkaline phosphatase linked to immunoglobulin G must be considered in the interpretation of increased serum alkaline phosphatase.
ON AURAL FOCAL SEPSIS AS A SOURCE OF NEURASTHENIA AND INSANITY
Authors: E. Watson-Williams
Journal: BMJ (1925)

wrote prior to operation on his frontal sinluses suffice to demonstrate his delusional insanity.Had -he been certified as inisane it would have been a matter of great difficulty for him to regain the confidenee of his bank directors.(e) Bacteriological examination of the n'asal sinus contenlts demonstrated pure culture of Staphylococcuts aureus, so often regardled as of little import.Teeth and tonsils were not involved; his previous appendicectomy had apparently removed the only other involved focus of infection, making his a pure nasal infection case.Let me refer very briefly to one example at the other extreme-the very mild type of chronic nasal sepsis.A man, aged 56, complained of deafness with post-nasal catarrh, never severe, but of twenty-seven years' dturation.He had been tIeated off and on during that long period, but latterly had been getting depressed, lessened mental alacrity causing difficulty in carrying on his work; he -complained also of general muscular weakhess.Exploration of.his nasal sinuses revealed no obvious pus, but Dr. Todd, who examined the extracted contents, found, together with polymorphonuclears, streptococcus and Friedlander's pneumobacillus in the right sphenoidal and posterior ethmoidal cells the other sinuses being sterile.The infected sinuses were opened and drained and he soon felt stronger, increased in weight, and, as he put it, brighter than he had ever done for years past.
Hyperparathyroidism after renal transplantation.
Authors: M Kleerekoper, L S Ibels, J P Ingham, S W McCarthy, J F Mahony, J H Stewart, S Posen
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Renal transplantation reduced circulating parathyroid hormone in recipients of renal allografts. Nevertheless, biochemical and histological evidence of mild hyperparathyroidism persisted up to eight years after renal transplantation despite good graft function.
Proceedings: Effect of corticotrophin and oral corticosteroids on nocturnally released growth hormone.
Authors: R Motson, D N Glass, J I Evans, P Hill, J R Daly, N Rudolf
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1973)

Heberden Society 595 develops concealed hostility and difficulty in demonstrat- ing feelings of aggression to people around.Is this true and do you think that this is responsible for their depres- sion ?DR.ZAPHIROPOULOS It is true that patients with chronic disability are likely to exhibit 'conflicts in the expression of hostility', but I do not know whether the anxiety and depression is a result of this; they are all part of the general disturbance seen in rheumatoid patients (Robinson, Kirk.Frye, and Robertson, 1972).
Once-daily Fluticasone Furoate Nasal Spray Showed Greater Improvement In Nocturnal Quality Of Life In Subjects With Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis Compared With Oral Fexofenadine
Authors: C ANDREWS, B MARTIN, R JACOBS, J DIAZ, W TOLER, B PRILLAMAN, A DALAL, E PHILPOT
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Clinical Features and Treatment of Peristomal Pyoderma Gangrenosum
Authors: Amy P. Hughes
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Context Peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum (PPG), an unusual variant of pyoderma gangrenosum, has been reported almost exclusively in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and is frequently misdiagnosed.Objective To better characterize the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of PPG.Design, Setting, and Patients Retrospective analysis of 7 patients with PPG observed in a university-affiliated community setting between 1988 and December 1999. Main Outcome MeasuresClinical and histopathologic features, associated disorders, and microbiologic findings. ResultsTwo patients had Crohn disease, 2 had ulcerative colitis, and 3 had abdominal cancer.Five patients had at least 1 relapse of PPG after initial healing.Although 3 of 4 patients with IBD had active bowel disease, a parallel course with PPG occurred in only 1 patient.Both patients whose stoma was relocated developed an ulcer at the new site.Effective therapies included topical superpotent corticosteroids; intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide at the ulcer margin; topical cromolyn sodium; oral dapsone, prednisone, cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil; and intravenous infliximab. ConclusionOur experiences demonstrate that although PPG has been most often reported in patients with IBD, it may occur in the absence of IBD.Biopsy of the skin lesion is not diagnostic but excludes other causes.Relocation of the stoma may be associated with a new ulceration and should be avoided.Trauma to the skin of a predisposed patient may elicit the pustules or ulcerations associated with pathergy.
Ethical Dilemmas for House Staff Physicians
Authors: Susan E. Light
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with interest the article by Dr Winkenwerder<sup>1</sup>entitled "Ethical Dilemmas for House Staff Physicians" inThe Journal. He eloquently describes and analyzes a situation all too often encountered and usually ignored because the more pressing dilemmas facing a house officer revolve around the physical well-being of the patient. In reading his article I was reminded of an analogous experience during the first year of my fellowship in pediatric hematology-oncology. The situation was made more poignant by the fact that the patient was a teenage boy who was recently diagnosed as having acute lymphoblastic leukemia but was being kept alive by artificial ventilation and pressors following a central nervous system hemorrhage. The family was devastated by the course of events and I knew no way to ease their pain. I could not understand the reason why the attending physician chose to continue supportive care. After
Fatal renal failure caused by diethylene glycol in paracetamol elixir: the Bangladesh epidemic
Authors: M. Hanif, M R. Mobarak, A. Ronan, D. Rahman, J. J Donovan Jr, M. L Bennish
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To determine the cause of a large increase in the number of children with unexplained renal failure. <b>Design</b>: Case-control study. <b>Setting</b>: Children9s hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. <b>Subjects</b>: Cases were all 339 children with initially unexplained renal failure; controls were 90 children with cause of renal failure identified; all were admitted to hospital during 35 months after January 1990. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Differences between the case and control patients in clinical and histological features and outcome; toxicological examination of 69 bottles of paracetamol from patients and pharmacies. <b>Results</b>: Compared with children with an identified cause for their renal failure, children with initially unexplained renal failure were significantly (P&lt;0.05) more likely to have hepatomegaly (58% v 33%), oedema (37% v 20%), and hypertension (58% v 23%); to have a higher serum creatinine concentration (mean 519 µmol/l v 347 µmol/l) and lower serum bicarbonate concentration (10.1 mmol/l v 12.4 mmol/l); to have been given a drug for fever (91% v 31%); to have ingested a brand of paracetamol shown to contain diethylene glycol (20% v 0%); and to have died in hospital (70% v 33%). Diethylene glycol was identified in 19 bottles of paracetamol, from 7 of 28 brands tested. In the 12 months after a government ban on the sale of paracetamol elixir, new cases of renal failure decreased by 54%, and cases of unexplained renal failure decreased by 84%. <b>Conclusion</b>: Paracetamol elixirs with diethylene glycol as a diluent were responsible for a large outbreak of fatal renal failure in Bangladesh.
URINARY INFECTIONS DUE TO 4,4'-DIAMINODIPHENYL SULPHONE THERAPY: REPORT OF THREE CASES
Authors: FRANK C. COMBES, MILTON REISCH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1957)

Journal Article URINARY INFECTIONS DUE TO 4,4′‐DIAMINODIPHENYL SULPHONE THERAPY: REPORT OF THREE CASES Get access FRANK C. COMBES, M.D., FRANK C. COMBES, M.D. New York, N.Y., U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar MILTON REISCH, M.D. MILTON REISCH, M.D. New York, N.Y., U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 69, Issue 1, 1 January 1957, Pages 25–27, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1957.tb13765.x Published: 01 January 1957
Polycythemia associated with a hemoglobinopathy.
Authors: S Charache, D J Weatherall, J B Clegg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1966)

The efficiency of hemoglobin as an oxygencarrying substance is dependent upon certain features of its molecular configuration. The functional integrity of the molecule depends not only on spatial relationships between the heme and globin moieties, but on interrelations between the four globin chains (1, 2). The functional significance of portions of the molecule can be investigated by a study of hemoglobin with known abnormalities of structure. Many structural abnormalities have been reported, but functional abnormalities are extremely rare. Despite considerable differences in the amino acid composition of the fi, 8, and y chains, the oxygen dissociation curves of purified solutions of hemoglobin A (a2Ih8), hemoglobin F (ay,), and hemoglobin A2 (a282) are quite similar (3-5). In contrast, hemoglobins H (/4), Bart's (y,), and aA, in which interaction between a and , chains is impossible, have very high oxygen affinities (1, 2, 6). A Bohr effect is not present, and oxygen dissociation curves are hyperbolic rather than sigmoid in shape, indicating that heme-heme interac
Effect of hydrocortisone on the adenylate cyclase system of the skin—in vitro explant study
Authors: T. AOYAGI, K. UMEDA, H. IIZUKA, Y. MIURA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

We have previously reported the effect of hydrocortisone (HC) on the adenylate cyclase system of pig epidermis. HC had no effect on the basal level of cyclic AMP but there was an increased adrenalineinduced cyclic AMP accumulation when epidermal slices were incubated for more than 6 h with HC. This incubation did not alter the responsiveness to histamine. We are interested in the effects on epidermal cells of HC, which may act through the adenylate cyclase system. It is well documented that adrenaline, histamine and adenosine stimulate adenylate cyciase and cause an accumulation of cyclic AMP in pig epidermis. An increased cyclic AMP results in the inhibition of mitosis and epidermal outgrowth. Employing the rate of epidermal outgrowth and mitotic index as indicators of cyclic AMP effect, we studied the effect of HC on the adenylate cyclase system. The pretrcatment with HC (100 μM) magnified the inhibitory effect of adrenaline on epidermal outgrowth and mitosis, whereas the inhibitory effeet of histamine or adenosine was not affected by HC. It is suggested that HC induced an increased responsiveness of adenylate cyclase to adrenaline, resulting in a magnified inhibitory effect of adrenaline on epidermal outgrowth and mitosis.
Low glycaemic index diet in pregnancy to prevent macrosomia (ROLO study): randomised control trial
Authors: J. M. Walsh, C. A. McGowan, R. Mahony, M. E. Foley, F. M. McAuliffe
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objective</b> To determine if a low glycaemic index diet in pregnancy could reduce the incidence of macrosomia in an at risk group. <b>Design</b> Randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> Maternity hospital in Dublin, Ireland. <b>Participants</b> 800 women without diabetes, all in their second pregnancy between January 2007 to January 2011, having previously delivered an infant weighing greater than 4 kg. <b>Intervention</b> Women were randomised to receive no dietary intervention or start on a low glycaemic index diet from early pregnancy. <b>Main outcomes</b> The primary outcome measure was difference in birth weight. The secondary outcome measure was difference in gestational weight gain. <b>Results</b> No significant difference was seen between the two groups in absolute birth weight, birthweight centile, or ponderal index. Significantly less gestational weight gain occurred in women in the intervention arm (12.2 <i>v</i> 13.7 kg; mean difference −1.3, 95% confidence interval −2.4 to −0.2; P=0.01). The rate of glucose intolerance was also lower in the intervention arm: 21% (67/320) compared with 28% (100/352) of controls had a fasting glucose of 5.1 mmol/L or greater or a 1 hour glucose challenge test result of greater than 7.8 mmol/L (P=0.02). <b>Conclusion</b> A low glycaemic index diet in pregnancy did not reduce the incidence of large for gestational age infants in a group at risk of fetal macrosomia. It did, however, have a significant positive effect on gestational weight gain and maternal glucose intolerance. <b>Trial registration</b> Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN54392969.
Oxygen Equilibrium Characteristics of Abnormal Hemoglobins: Hirose (α2β237Ser), L Ferrara (α247Glyβ2), Broussais (α290Asnβ2), and Dhofar (α2β258Arg)
Authors: Shigeru Fujita
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

The oxygen equilibrium characteristics of four structural variants of hemoglobin A were correlated with their amino acid substitutions. Hemoglobin Dhofar, in which the proline at E2(58)beta is replaced by arginine, had normal oxygen equilibrium characteristics. Hemoglobin L Ferrara. in which the aspartic acid at CD5(47)alpha is replaced by glycine, and hemoglobin Broussais, in which the lysine at FG2(90)alpha is replaced by asparagine, both showed a slightly elevated oxygen affinity; nevertheless both demonstrated a normal heme-heme interaction and a normal Bohr effect. Hemoglobin Hirose, in which the tryptophan at C3 (37)beta is replaced by serine, showed abnormalities of all oxygen equilibrium characteristics; i.e., increased oxygen affinity, diminished heme-heme interaction, and reduced Bohr effect.These results suggest that aspartic acid at CD5(47)alpha and lysine at FG2(90)alpha are involved in the function of the hemoglobin molecule, despite the fact that these positions are not located directly in the heme or the alpha-beta-contact regions. Tryptophan at C3(37)beta is located at contact between alpha(1)- and beta(2)-subunits. It is suggested that the substitution by serine might disturb the quarternary structure of the mutant hemoglobin molecule during transition from oxy-form to deoxy-form resulting in an alteration of the heme function.