tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The D2 Dopamine Receptor and Tourette's Syndrome
Authors: Daniel H. Golwyn
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Comings et al<sup>1</sup>reported on the presence of the<i>Al</i>allele of the D<sub>2</sub>dopamine receptor gene in several large samples of neuropsychiatric disorders frequently associated with alcoholism or believed to involve defects in dopaminergic neurotransmission. Surprisingly, social phobia was not included in the study.
Expression of Notch pathway proteins correlates with albuminuria, glomerulosclerosis, and renal function
Authors: Mariana Murea, Jun-Ki Park, Shuchita Sharma, Hideki Kato, Antje Gruenwald, Thiruvur Niranjan, Han Si, David B. Thomas, James M. Pullman, Michal L. Melamed, Katalin Susztak
Journal: Kidney International (2010)
Sex differences in the Toll-like receptor–mediated response of plasmacytoid dendritic cells to HIV-1
Authors: Angela Meier, J Judy Chang, Ellen S Chan, Richard B Pollard, Harlyn K Sidhu, Smita Kulkarni, Tom Fang Wen, Robert J Lindsay, Liliana Orellana, Donna Mildvan, Suzane Bazner, Hendrik Streeck, Galit Alter, Jeffrey D Lifson, Mary Carrington, Ronald J Bosch, Gregory K Robbins, Marcus Altfeld
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
Diversifying the Medical Classroom
Authors: Olveen Carrasquillo, Elizabeth T. Lee-Rey
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Provision of taped conversations with neonatologists to mothers of babies in intensive care: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Tieh Hee Hai Guan Koh, Phyllis N Butow, Michael Coory, Donna Budge, Li-An Collie, John Whitehall, Martin H Tattersall
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<b>Objective</b> To determine whether providing mothers of babies in neonatal intensive care units with audiotapes of their conversations with a neonatologist improves recall of information and psychological wellbeing. <b>Design</b> Randomised, single blinded trial. <b>Setting</b> Neonatal intensive care unit, North Queensland, Australia. <b>Participants</b> 200 mothers of babies in a neonatal intensive care unit. <b>Interventions</b> Mothers given (n=102) or not given (n=98) audiotapes of their conversations with a neonatologist. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Recall of information, attitudes to and use of the tape, satisfaction with conversations, postnatal depression, anxiety, general health, and stress about parenting, at 10 days and four and 12 months. <b>Results</b> 91% (n=93) of mothers in the tape group listened to the tape (once by day 10, twice by four months, and three times by 12 months; range 1-10). At 10 days and four months, mothers in the tape group recalled significantly more information about diagnosis, treatment, and outcome than mothers in the control group. At four months mothers in the tape group were 75% more likely to recall all of the information about treatment than mothers in the control group (59% <i>v</i> 34%; risk ratio 1.75, 95% confidence interval 1.27 to 2.4). Six mothers, all in the control group, could not recall their conversations. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups in satisfaction with conversations (10 days), postnatal depression and anxiety scores (10 days, four and 12 months), and stress about parenting (12 months). <b>Conclusion</b> Providing the mothers of babies in neonatal intensive care units with audiotapes of conversations with a neonatologist enhanced their recall of information (up to four months). The taped conversations did not affect the mothers9 wellbeing or satisfaction with the neonatologist. <b>Trial registration</b> Australian Clinical Trials Registry 12606000478516.
Risk of Malpractice Suits from Use of Phylacogens
Authors: Frank H. Jackson
Journal: JAMA (1913)

To the Editor:  —In view of the fact thatThe Journalhas seen fit to give timely and well-warranted warning (Feb. 1, 1912, p. 373) against the use of Phylacogens, it would seem that it might be proper to call attention to the fact that malpractice suits may result from the use of these products. Since the manufacturers advise against informing the patient of the reaction that may take place until the remedy has actually been administered, and until that time defer the intelligent explanation which should be forthcoming, one might pertinently ask how we are to make this explanation, being in the dark as to the nature of the remedy that we are using.  Careful perusal of the laws governing the practice of medicine will soon convince the careful physician that if he uses such a remedy as Phylacogen he will do so at his own peril and risk.
Violence in general practice: a survey of general practitioners' views.
Authors: F D Hobbs
Journal: BMJ (1991)

To survey the extent of abuse and violence directed towards general practitioners during the course of their professional duties and to categorize the characteristics of such aggression.Retrospective survey of the views of a large sample of general practitioners by using a piloted postal questionnaire.All medical practices in the west midlands.A total of 1093 general practitioners (40.6% of the total sample) who responded to the questionnaire.Number of incidents of aggression experienced by the general practitioners during a period of 12 months and the incidence of various precipitating factors.Although the response was low at 40.6%, this study is the largest published database on aggression towards family doctors. In all, 687 (62.9%) of the responders had experienced abuse or violence during the previous 12 months, and 191 (17.5%) had experienced some sort of abuse at least once a month and 11 (1%) had experienced verbal abuse every day. Even assuming that all of the non-responders did not experience any violence, then aggression in patients affects 25.5% of general practitioners in the west midlands. For those practitioners who had experienced aggression in patients the annual incidence of an event per general practitioner was 2.42. In all, 96 (14%) of these general practitioners thought that aggression was increasing. A total of 1520 (91.3%) of all incidents comprised verbal abuse or threats with no direct physical act. The surgery was the commonest location for aggression, with 942 (56.6%) incidents; however, 90 (62.5%) of the incidents involving assault or injury occurred during domiciliary visits and 22 (66%) of the injuries were received during night calls. Relatives were the aggressors in 668 (37.6%) cases, anxiety was a precipitant in 435 (25.7%) cases, and a long wait in 183 (10.8%).Violence towards general practitioners is common and may be increasing. Some of the precipitants of aggression are potentially avoidable and practices should make strenuous attempts to identify such factors and remedy them. Staff training in interpersonal skills and recognising anxious or intoxicated patients is essential and should be supplemented by consideration of surgery layout and repair. Doctors should avoid delays for patients by rearranging booking policies or surgery times and lengths. Victims of aggression must be followed up. A prospective study or centralised recording of incidents should be funded.
Minicircle DNA Vectors Achieve Sustained Expression Reflected by Active Chromatin and Transcriptional Level
Authors: Lia E. Gracey Maniar, Jay M. Maniar, Zhi-Ying Chen, Jiamiao Lu, Andrew Z. Fire, Mark A. Kay
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

Current efforts in nonviral gene therapy are plagued by a pervasive difficulty in sustaining therapeutic levels of delivered transgenes. Minicircles (plasmid derivatives with the same expression cassette but lacking a bacterial backbone) show sustained expression and hold promise for therapeutic use where persistent transgene expression is required. To characterize the widely-observed silencing process affecting expression of foreign DNA in mammals, we used a system in which mouse liver presented with either plasmid or minicircle consistently silences plasmid but not minicircle expression. We found that preferential silencing of plasmid DNA occurs at a nuclear stage that precedes transport of mRNA to the cytoplasm, evident from a consistent >25-fold minicircle/plasmid transcript difference observed in both nuclear and total RNA. Among possible mechanisms of nuclear silencing, our data favor chromatin-linked transcriptional blockage rather than targeted degradation, aberrant processing, or compromised mRNA transport. In particular, we observe dramatic enrichment of H3K27 trimethylation on plasmid sequences. Also, it appears that Pol II can engage the modified plasmid chromatin, potentially in a manner that is not productive in the synthesis of high levels of new transcript. We outline a scenario in which sustained differences at the chromatin level cooperate to determine the activity of foreign DNA.
Final Results of the Balloon vs Optimal Atherectomy Trial (BOAT)
Authors: Donald S. Baim, Donald E. Cutlip, Samin K. Sharma, Kalon K. L. Ho, Richard Fortuna, Theodore L. Schreiber, Robert L. Feldman, Jacob Shani, Cynthia Senerchia, Yan Zhang, Alexandra J. Lansky, Jeffrey J. Popma, Richard E. Kuntz
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Previous directional coronary atherectomy (DCA) trials have shown no significant reduction in angiographic restenosis, more in-hospital complications, and higher 1-year mortality than conventional balloon angioplasty (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty [PTCA]). DCA, however, has subsequently evolved toward a more “optimal” technique (larger devices, more extensive tissue removal, and routine postdilation to obtain diameter stenosis &lt;20%). Methods and Results —The Balloon vs Optimal Atherectomy Trial (BOAT) was conducted to evaluate whether optimal DCA provides short- and long-term benefits compared with balloon angioplasty. One thousand patients with single de novo, native vessel lesions were randomized to either DCA or PTCA at 37 participating centers. Lesion success was obtained in 99% versus 97% ( P =.02) of patients to a final residual diameter stenosis of 15% versus 28% ( P &lt;.0001) for DCA and PTCA, respectively, the latter including stents in 9.3% of the patients. There was no increase in major complications (death, Q-wave myocardial infarction, or emergent coronary artery bypass graft surgery [2.8% versus 3.3%]), although creatine kinase–MB &gt;3× normal was more common with DCA (16% versus 6%; P &lt;.0001). Angiographic restudy (in 79.6% of eligible patients at 7.2±2.6 [median, 6.9] months) showed a significant reduction in the prespecified primary end point of angiographic restenosis by DCA (31.4% versus 39.8%; P =.016). Clinical follow-up to 1 year showed nonsignificant 13% to 17% reductions in the DCA arm of the study for mortality rate (0.6% versus 1.6%; P =.14), target-vessel revascularization (17.1% versus 19.7%; P =.33), target-site revascularization (15.3% versus 18.3%; P =.23), and target-vessel failure (death, Q-wave myocardial infarction, or target-vessel revascularization, 21.1% versus 24.8%; P =.17). Conclusions —Optimal DCA provides significantly higher short-term success, lower residual stenosis, and lower angiographic restenosis than conventional PTCA, despite failing to reach statistical significance for reducing late clinical events compared with PTCA with stent backup.
A Primer of Cardiology
Authors: David H. Spodick
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Few books fulfill their advertising blurbs, but this long-term favorite continues to exceed them. Perhaps the best review would be to list the encomiums of postgraduate physicians, students, and house staff to whom the last edition was assigned reading. Few changes were needed for this fourth edition of Burch's<i>Primer</i>—a title which is rather spartan. The bones of cardiology are indeed there, but with what generous coverings of flesh! All the basic facts and much more are presented with the author's customary clarity and force in a text which is at once compact, lucid, and easily read. The illustrations alone could be an atlas of the essentials of cardiology. They are so plentiful and so placed that the reader has one at hand for virtually every important fact and concept. The<i>Primer</i>differs particularly from other introductory texts in that the reader is not cut adrift amid a structured
Molecular mimicry in primary biliary cirrhosis. Evidence for biliary epithelial expression of a molecule cross-reactive with pyruvate dehydrogenase complex-E2.
Authors: J Van de Water, J Turchany, P S Leung, J Lake, S Munoz, C D Surh, R Coppel, A Ansari, Y Nakanuma, M E Gershwin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Sera from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) react with enzymes of the 2-oxo dehydrogenase pathways, particularly PDC-E2. These enzymes are present in all nucleated cells, yet autoimmune damage is confined to biliary epithelial cells. Using a panel of eight mouse monoclonal antibodies and a human combinatorial antibody specific for PDC-E2, we examined by indirect immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy sections of liver from patients with PBC, progressive sclerosing cholangitis, and hepatocarcinoma. The monoclonal antibodies gave typical mitochondrial immunofluorescence on biliary epithelium and on hepatocytes from patients with either PBC, progressive sclerosing cholangitis, or hepatocarcinoma. However, one of eight mouse monoclonal antibodies (C355.1) and the human combinatorial antibody reacted with great intensity and specificity with the luminal region of biliary epithelial cells from patients with PBC. Simultaneous examination of these sections with an antiisotype reagent for human IgA revealed high IgA staining in the luminal region of biliary epithelial cells in patients with PBC. IgG and IgA antibodies to PDC-E2 were detected in the bile of patients with PBC but not normal controls. We believe that this data may be interpreted as indicating that a molecule cross-reactive with PDC-E2 is expressed at high levels in the luminal region of biliary epithelial cells in PBC.
ABC of blood pressure measurement: technique.
Authors: E T O'Brien, K O'Malley
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Indirect blood pressure measurement by auscultation is susceptible to several errors, which may originate with the observer, the , sphygmomanometer, the patient, or a combination of these factors.By careful attention to detail blood pressure measurement with a sphygmomanometer can give systolic and diastolic pressures within 4-mm Hg of intra-arterial pressures. Korotkoff soundsShortly after Scipione Riva-Rocci had invented the sphygmomanometer a Russian surgeon, Dr N C Korotkoff (left), reported that by placing a stethoscope over the brachial artery at the antecubital fossa distal to the Riva-Rocci cuff sounds could be heard.He documented the phases, and thus introduced the indirect auscultatory method of recording blood pressure.Although the origin of the Korotkoff sounds is still not clear, vibratory and flow phenomena are probably responsible.The phases are: Phase 1-The first appearance of faint clear tapping sounds which gradually increase in intensity.The systolic pressure is heard for at least two consecutive beats, and this correlates well with intra-arterial pressure.Phase 2-The softening of sounds, which may become swishing.Phase 3-The return of sharper sounds, which become crisper but never fully regain the intensity of phase 1 sounds.Neither phase 2 nor phase 3 has any known clinical importance.Phase 4-The distinct abrupt muffling of sounds, which become soft and blowing.Phase 5-The point at which all sounds disappear completely.
Myogenic Activation and Calcium Sensitivity of Cannulated Rat Mesenteric Small Arteries
Authors: Ed VanBavel, Jos P. M. Wesselman, Jos A. E. Spaan
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Pressure-induced activation of vascular smooth muscle may involve electromechanical as well as nonelectromechanical coupling mechanisms. We compared calcium-tone relations of cannulated rat mesenteric small arteries during pressure-induced activation, depolarization (16 to 46 mmol/L K+), and alpha1-adrenergic stimulation (1 micromol/L phenylephrine). The intracellular calcium concentration was expressed as the fura-2 ratio, normalized to the maximal and minimal ratios. In order to compare activation levels at various pressures, tone was expressed as the ratio of active wall tension to the maximal active tension. The passive and maximal active pressure-diameter relations needed for the calculation of tone were determined in a separate set of experiments, using isometric loading of cannulated vessels. Pressure steps from 20 to 60 and then to 100 mm Hg caused a modest rise of calcium. Nifedipine (1 micromol/L) blocked both the calcium rise and the resulting myogenic responses. Electromechanical coupling could not fully account for the myogenic response: the calcium sensitivity, defined as the slope of the calcium-tone relation, was five times higher during pressure-induced activation compared with potassium stimulation and twice as high as the sensitivity during alpha1-adrenergic stimulation. We therefore conclude that the myogenic response involves a small but necessary rise in calcium due to influx through L-type calcium channels, as well as a nonelectromechanical coupling mechanism that greatly enhances the calcium sensitivity of the contractile machinery.
ON SOME POINTS CONCERNING CLUB FOOT.Abstract of a clinical lecture delivered at the Children's liospital, Great Ormond street, London, May 11, 1893.
Authors: EDMOND OWEN
Journal: JAMA (1893)

[ABSTRACTED BY A. M. PHELPS, M.D., NEW YORK.] Mr. Owen recognizes the two forms of equino varus, viz: the congenital and acquired, and also calls attention to the fact that one variety is much more easily cured than the other. He inclines to the belief that pressure in utero is one of the chief causes of the deformity. I quote: "Probably, after all, the cause of the congenital deformity is the faulty packing of the fætus in utero. Here I show you a specimen of a fætus taken by surprise, as it were, and removed at about the sixth month. You will notice that the heels are markedly drawn up and the soles turned inwards. Often after a premature labor we find the feet folded flat upon the front of the chest, and much more inverted than in the specimen I have just handed round. It is a very suggestive
Destructive aortic valve endocarditis from Brucella abortus: survival with emergency aortic valve replacement.
Authors: J C Cleveland, R Suchor, J Dague
Journal: Thorax (1978)

Brucella abortus infection of the aortic valve caused acute aortic regurgitation leading to severe left ventricular failure in a 62-year-old man. He made an excellent recovery after emergency aortic valve replacement. This is the third reported case of successful heart valve replacement for Brucella endocarditis and the second such case involving the aortic valve.
The modulation of corneal keratocyte and epithelial cell responses to poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogel surfaces: phosphorylation decreases collagenase production in vitro
Authors: Brian W Ziegelaar, J Helen Fitton, Anthony B Clayton, Sharon T Platten, Moira A.L Maley, Traian V Chirila
Journal: Biomaterials (1999)
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type II With Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome Caused by a Solitary Pancreatic Gastrinoma
Authors: Paul N. Maton
Journal: JAMA (1989)

THERE are three familial forms of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN), all of which are inherited as autosomal dominant traits. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type I is characterized by hyperparathyroidism, pituitary tumors, pancreatic islet cell tumors, and other less common manifestations.<sup>1,2</sup>Multiple endocrine neoplasia type II is characterized by medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, pheochromocytoma, and hyperparathyroidism.<sup>3,4</sup>Patients with MEN type III, otherwise named "MEN type lib," are similar to patients with MEN type II but also have mucosal neuromas and marfanoid habitus.<sup>4,5</sup>These three conditions are inherited separately and are distinct entities. Thus, mucosal neuromas are restricted to MEN type IIb, pheochromocytoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma occur only in MEN type II, and pituitary tumors and islet cell tumors occur only in MEN type I. However, because increasing numbers of patients with MEN syndromes are now being followed up, together with the increasing longevity of these patients, features
Substrate Preference and Metabolic Activity of the Aerobic and the Hypoxic Turtle Heart
Authors: Norman Brachfeld, Yoshinaga Ohtaka, Irwin Klein, Masaka Kawade
Journal: Circulation Research (1972)

Substrate utilization by the isolated aerobic (Po 2 500 mm Hg) and hypoxic (Po 2 50 mm Hg) turtle ( Pseudemys scripta ) heart was evaluated by retrograde perfusion. During aerobic perfusion, the heart demonstrated active extraction and oxidation of free fatty acid (FFA) even in the presence of exogenous glucose. FFA metabolism was similar to that seen in the mammalian heart and was adequate to meet most of the myocardial energy requirements. When hypoxia supervened, FFA utilization did not compete with, but rather enhanced, concomitant carbohydrate metabolism, and glycogenolysis provided sufficient substrate to meet myocardial energy requirements with little change in observed hemodynamic function. During hypoxia, both rat and turtle demonstrated enhanced myocardial esterification of extracted [1 -14 C]-palmitate into neutral lipid. Exogenous glucose provided the glycerophosphate skeleton for FFA esterification in the hypoxic rat heart; endogenous glycogen served this function in the turtle myocardium. Extraction of glucose by the turtle heart was limited and changed insignificantly during hypoxia. The rat heart increased glucose uptake five-fold during hypoxia. Glycogen stores in turtle heart were tenfold greater than they were in rat heart, and they provided greater metabolic flexibility and permitted the heart to function adequately under environmental conditions that are lethal to the mammal.
Side effects of benoxaprofen
Authors: M R Wilkins, D L Scott, M Farr
Journal: BMJ (1982)

We aim to provide a concise, evidence-based framework to assist secondary level, community and acute paediatricians during a 20–60 min annual review of children with neurofibromatosis type 1. This review does not cover all aspects of the disorder. We recognise the importance of an overview of the pathogenesis, molecular genetic testing, clinical manifestations and management; we shall cover some of this briefly, but this is not our focus here. We focus instead on the following areas: (A) what questions should be asked during annual review, (B) what should be included in a focused examination, (C) when to request further investigations and (D) when should a referral be made to tertiary specialists and other members of the multidisciplinary team. Ongoing debates regarding screening remain in certain areas, particularly regarding imaging and ophthalmology follow-up; here we summarise the differing opinions and make a recommendation based on the currently available evidence.