tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adherence to HAART: A Systematic Review of Developed and Developing Nation Patient-Reported Barriers and Facilitators
Authors: Edward J Mills, Jean B Nachega, David R Bangsberg, Sonal Singh, Beth Rachlis, Ping Wu, Kumanan Wilson, Iain Buchan, Christopher J Gill, Curtis Cooper
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2006)

Background Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) medication is the greatest patient-enabled predictor of treatment success and mortality for those who have access to drugs. We systematically reviewed the literature to determine patient-reported barriers and facilitators to adhering to antiretroviral therapy. Methods and Findings We examined both developed and developing nations. We searched the following databases: AMED (inception to June 2005), Campbell Collaboration (inception to June 2005), CinAhl (inception to June 2005), Cochrane Library (inception to June 2005), Embase (inception to June 2005), ERIC (inception to June 2005), MedLine (inception to June 2005), and NHS EED (inception to June 2005). We retrieved studies conducted in both developed and developing nation settings that examined barriers and facilitators addressing adherence. Both qualitative and quantitative studies were included. We independently, in duplicate, extracted data reported in qualitative studies addressing adherence. We then examined all quantitative studies addressing barriers and facilitators noted from the qualitative studies. In order to place the findings of the qualitative studies in a generalizable context, we meta-analyzed the surveys to determine a best estimate of the overall prevalence of issues. We included 37 qualitative studies and 47 studies using a quantitative methodology (surveys). Seventy-two studies (35 qualitative) were conducted in developed nations, while the remaining 12 (two qualitative) were conducted in developing nations. Important barriers reported in both economic settings included fear of disclosure, concomitant substance abuse, forgetfulness, suspicions of treatment, regimens that are too complicated, number of pills required, decreased quality of life, work and family responsibilities, falling asleep, and access to medication. Important facilitators reported by patients in developed nation settings included having a sense of self-worth, seeing positive effects of antiretrovirals, accepting their seropositivity, understanding the need for strict adherence, making use of reminder tools, and having a simple regimen. Among 37 separate meta-analyses examining the generalizability of these findings, we found large heterogeneity. Conclusions We found that important barriers to adherence are consistent across multiple settings and countries. Research is urgently needed to determine patient-important factors for adherence in developing world settings. Clinicians should use this information to engage in open discussion with patients to promote adherence and identify barriers and facilitators within their own populations.
DIVIDED DOSES OF TYPHOID VACCINE IN THE FEVER THERAPY OF NEUROSYPHILIS
Authors: J. R. DRIVER
Journal: JAMA (1933)

It is no longer necessary to defend the principle of fever therapy in the treatment of neurosyphilis, for Wagner-Jauregg's malaria treatment of dementia paralytica has had universal acceptance, and its value in other forms of resistant neurosyphilis has been firmly established. Soon after its introduction, however, it was recognized that inoculation with malaria was attended by certain dangers and limitations which precluded its general application for all cases. Generally speaking, only robust persons without serious physical sequelae should be inoculated. Also, it is found that approximately 10 per cent of the patients inoculated have a partial or total immunity to malaria, making it necessary to adopt some other method of producing pyrexia. The difficulty of maintaining a suitable strain of tertian plasmodium, even in larger cities, is well recognized. For similar reasons, relapsing fever and sodoku have not fulfilled the requirements for a safe, efficient, easily available method of producing
Height, Body Mass Index, and Physical Activity in Relation to Glioma Risk
Authors: Steven C. Moore, Preetha Rajaraman, Robert Dubrow, Amy S. Darefsky, Corinna Koebnick, Albert Hollenbeck, Arthur Schatzkin, Michael F. Leitzmann
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Whether energy balance during early life and/or adulthood is related to glioma risk is unknown. We therefore investigated height, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity in relation to glioma risk in the prospective NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Participants completed a baseline questionnaire (sent in 1995-1996) inquiring about height, weight, and potential confounders. A second questionnaire (sent in 1996) inquired about physical activity during ages 15 to 18, 19 to 29, and 35 to 39 years and the past 10 years and body weight at ages 18, 35, and 50 years. During follow-up from 1995/1996 to 2003, we documented 480 cases of glioma among 499,437 respondents to the baseline questionnaire and 257 cases among 305,681 respondents to the second questionnaire. Glioma risk among tall persons (>or=1.90 m) was twice that of short persons [<1.60 m; multivariate relative risk (RR), 2.12; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.18-3.81; P(trend) = 0.006]. Risk among participants who were obese (BMI 30.0-34.9 kg/m(2)) at age 18 years was nearly four times that of persons of normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m(2)) at age 18 years (RR, 3.74; 95% CI, 2.03-6.90; P(trend) = 0.003); 11 cases were obese at age 18 years. Risk among participants who were active during ages 15 to 18 years was 36% lower than that of persons who were inactive during ages 15 to 18 years (RR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.44-0.93; P(trend) = 0.02). BMI and physical activity after age 18 years were unrelated to glioma risk. Adult height, BMI during adolescence, and physical activity during adolescence were each associated with glioma risk, supporting a role for early-life energy balance in glioma carcinogenesis.
Preprocedure inflammatory state predicts periprocedural myocardial infarction after elective percutaneous coronary intervention: An EPIC substudy
Authors: Herbert D. Aronow, Martin J. Quinn, Hitinder S. Gurm, Michael S. Lauer, Danielle M. Brennan, Eric J. Topol, A.Michael Lincoff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
The Postmortem Examination
Authors: Louis Munan
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Elsewhere in this issue (p 441), Dr. Stanley Burrows makes the point, often repeated but seldom backed by data, that most autopsies are routine and are not justifiable either for diagnostic or teaching purposes. We have just completed a review<sup>1</sup>of all deaths in pediatric ages, whether dying in or out of hospital, that complements the findings of Dr. Burrows on autopsies in adults. We found that 61% of autopsies in children were unnecessary either because they confirmed or were less specific than the clinical diagnoses, against the 88% reported by Dr. Burrows in adults. There were, on the other hand, 16% of deaths in children without a well-defined clinical diagnosis, which a good autopsy could have supplied, had it been performed. The latter is a point often overlooked in investigations that limit themselves only to cases coming to autopsy. The difference in autopsy rates in
Murderous Medicine: Nazi Doctors, Human Experimentation, and Typhus
Authors: Nancy D. Berkman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Medical Writings: Book Notes20 June 2006Murderous Medicine: Nazi Doctors, Human Experimentation, and TyphusNancy D. Berkman, PhDNancy D. Berkman, PhDFrom RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-144-12-200606200-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Baumslag N. 304 pages. Westport, CT: Praeger; 2005. $49.95. ISBN 0275983129. Order at www.greenwood.com.Field of medicine: Medical ethics and history and public health.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Clinicians and nonclinicians interested in the Holocaust, the history of medicine, and public health.Purpose: To expose the important role of epidemic typhus in the killing of prisoners in ghettos and concentration camps in Nazi Germany.Content: This book describes how German doctors manipulated living conditions to increase deaths due to typhus among Jews and other persecuted groups during the Holocaust. The author argues that although members of the medical community understood ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 20 June 2006Volume 144, Issue 12Page: 944KeywordsAttentionHistory of medicineHomicideHygieneJewish peoplePrevention, policy, and public healthResearch laboratoriesSoftware toolsTyphus ePublished: 20 June 2006 Issue Published: 20 June 2006 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Pregnancy complications and maternal cardiovascular risk: opportunities for intervention and screening?
Authors: N. Sattar
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Plentiful evidence now links low birth weight due to intrauterine growth restriction and increased risk of vascular disease in later adult life. This is considered to be partly the result of programming through fetal nutrition. 1 In contrast, much less attention has been focused on the relation between adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as pre›eclampsia, gestational diabetes, preterm delivery, and intrauterine growth restriction, and the mother’s subsequent health, and interesting data are now increasingly linking the maternal vascular, metabolic, and inflammatory complications of pregnancy with an increased risk of vascular disease in later life (table). This article summarises the emerg› ing evidence to support this fascinating concept, notes important areas for further research, and discusses potential practical implications.
SOME IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS IN THE EXTRACTION OF CATARACT.
Authors: MARK D. STEVENSON
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Established methods of cataract extraction will be discussed in this paper only sufficiently to draw attention to certain of their important points and to compare them with those which I advocate. Soft or membranous cataracts or such others as some traumatic varieties, which do not require extraction, but needling, removal by capsule punch, or other kind of operation, will not be considered. When the lens is found to be opaque, judgment should determine, after examination, if it is necessary or wise to operate, and if so by which method. The field of vision should be taken, and this is best done by the use of a candle, or preferably two, whereby the field may be mapped out with tolerable certainty. The tension should always be determined. An examination of the urine sometimes gives suggestive hints as to the cause of the cataract, the presence of retinitis, and probable length of
Another "Rim Sign": A Patent Processus Vaginalis Demonstrated by Peritoneal Tc-99m SC Scintigraphy
Authors: SOPHIE TURPIN, RAYMOND LAMBERT, SERGE QUERIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

The “rim sign” is usually associated with a missed testicular torsion. Here, a “rim sign” was demonstrated during peritoneoscintigraphy, in a case of an indirect inguinal hernia. Activity was found not only along the inguinal canal, but also around the testicle due to a large patent processus vaginalis. An intravenous injection of Tc-99m pertechnetate helped evaluate the respective size of the right and left sides of the scrotum.
The effect of the cognitive demands of the distraction task on unconscious thought
Authors: Laurent Waroquier, Marlène Abadie, Olivier Klein, Axel Cleeremans
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2014)

Abstract The unconscious-thought effect occurs when distraction improves complex decision making. Recent studies suggest that this effect is more likely to occur with low- than high-demanding distraction tasks. We discuss implications of these findings for Newell &amp; Shanks' (N&amp;S's) claim that evidence is lacking for the intervention of unconscious processes in complex decision making.
A Molecular Marker for Chloroquine-Resistant Falciparum Malaria
Authors: David C. Warhurst
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum, a protozoan parasite of the blood, is responsible for up to 2.7 million deaths yearly, mainly in children in sub-Saharan Africa. Worldwide there are over 300 million new cases of malaria per year. Given the lack of a suitable vaccine, the main ways to reduce morbidity and mortality are the use of insecticide-impregnated netting around the bed and chemoprophylaxis for specific groups at increased risk, such as nonimmune travelers to an area where malaria is endemic, pregnant women,1 and children with sickle cell anemia. However, in many areas the effectiveness of treatment and of efforts . . .
The Old Oak
Authors: Henry L. Harrell
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Mrs L. just passed her 100th birthday. She hasn't always taken her medicine in just the way I've prescribed it, and she's not particularly impressed with my insistence on a low-sodium diet, but I have to admit that she's done pretty well these last 100 years—doing things her own way. She continues to scrub her floors and clean her oven once a week. She's a powerful force in directing the affairs of her children, who are elderly themselves by most people's standards.  I couldn't help but ask how she felt after reaching this milestone, but I wasn't prepared for her answer. She leaned forward and said: Doctor, I'm like an old oak tree. When you first plant an oak, it just grows and grows. Finally it gets to be full grown and then it seems to stay the same year after year—never changing. By and by, though, you'll notice that
Dealing with poor clinical performance
Authors: S. Dewar
Journal: BMJ (2001)

This week the British government announced a new agency, the National Clinical Assessment Authority, to work with doctors and employers to address underperformance and incompetence.1 The announcement was hasty, following a report that concluded that a British general practitioner, already convicted of 15 murders, might have committed up to 300. Moreover, and despite being in the offing for some time, the report describing the new authority, Assuring the Quality of Medical Practice , reads like an end of term report from a government seeking re-election.2 It was supposed to add flesh to the bones of a consultation document produced by England's chief medical officer 14 months ago, Supporting Doctors, Protecting Patients ,3 and tell us how “a system for preventing, recognising and dealing with the poor clinical performance of doctors”3 would work in practice. In fact, it rehearses a lot about what we already know and tells us little more about how it will all work together.

The diagnosis is not contentious. The current systems in the NHS for dealing with potential poor performance are ad hoc, fragmented, …
TREATMENT OF TYPHOID FEVER.Read in the Section of Practice of Medicine, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: CHRISTIAN SIHLER
Journal: JAMA (1893)

When the chairman of this Section invited me to read a paper here on the hydriatic treatment of typhoid fever in private practice, I wrote him that I would come but only deliver a short sermon on this text. The cool bath treatment of typhoid fever can, ought, and will be carried out in private practice. This method can be carried out in private practice; this I know, because I have been using it now for almost three and one-half years during which time I treated over ninety-five cases and must have had administered over 5,000 baths. Incidentally I would remark that so far I have never been called on account of any mishap or dangerous symptom depending on the baths. Now I think what I have done any of you can accomplish. My patients belong to the class of artisans and laborers, thus representing the masses of the people
Pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and intracellular effects of PEG-asparaginase in newly diagnosed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from a single agent window study
Authors: I M Appel, K M Kazemier, J Boos, C Lanvers, J Huijmans, A J P Veerman, E van Wering, M L den Boer, R Pieters
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
Leptin Modulates Airway Remodeling Processes and Responses to Interleukin-13 in Lung Fibroblasts in a Murine Model of Chronic Allergic Airways Disease
Authors: Jennifer L. Ingram, Robert W. Sigmon, Barbara Theriot, Michael Ghio, Akhil Hegde, Dave Francisco, Julia K.L. Walker, Monica Kraft
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Parathyroid Adenomas Seen in the Clinical Follow-Up of Patients With Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Burcu Esen Akkaş, Gülin Uçmak Vural, Güler Tan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

The coexistence of nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma and parathyroid adenoma is an uncommon clinical entity. In most of the previously published studies, thyroid carcinomas are diagnosed incidentally during or after the treatment of parathyroid disease, mostly in the pathology specimens. Here, we report 2 cases of parathyroid adenoma who presented years after the treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Neither of the patients had symptoms of hypercalcemia and hyperparathyroidism, and parathyroid adenomas were diagnosed on routine physical examination of the neck and on routine monitoring of serum calcium levels.
Global consulting firm calls for revolution in drug marketing
Authors: R. Moynihan
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A global consulting firm is urging pharmaceutical companies to shift their marketing strategiesfrom targeting individual doctors to influencing senior managers in healthcare systems.

The firm's report Evidence based Healthcare: Overcoming Barriers in Europe hasbeen produced by Frost & Sullivan, a firm providing “growth consulting” and advice to corporate clients in more than 50 countries.

It describes evidence based medicine as a revolution in health care but argues that drug companies' marketing strategies have changed in a similar way. The report criticises existing strategiesthat promote individual drugs to individual clinicians …
Seven new loci associated with age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Lars G. Fritsche, Wei Chen, Matthew Schu, Brian L. Yaspan, Yi Yu, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Donald Jeffrey Zack, Satoshi Arakawa, Valentina Cipriani, Stephan Ripke, Robert P. Igo, Gabriëlle H.S. Buitendijk, Xueling Sim, Daniel E. Weeks, Robyn H. Guymer, Joanna E Merriam, Peter J. Francis, Gregory Hannum, Anita Agarwal, Ana Maria Armbrecht, Isabelle Audo, Tin Aung, Gaetano R Barile, Mustapha Benchaboune, Alan C. Bird, Paul N. Bishop, Kari E. Branham, Matthew Brooks, Alexander J. Brucker, William H. Cade, Melinda S. Cain, Peter Anthony Campochiaro, Chi Chao Chan, Ching-Yu Cheng, Emily Y. Chew, Kimberly A Chin, Itay Chowers, David G. Clayton, Radu Cojocaru, Yvette P. Conley, Belinda K. Cornes, Mark J Daly, Baljean Dhillon, Albert O. Edwards, Evangelos Evangelou, Jesen A Fagerness, Henry A. Ferreyra, James S. Friedman, Asbjorg Geirsdottir, Ronnie J. George, Christian Gieger, Neel Gupta, Stephanie A Hagstrom, Simon P. Harding, Christos Haritoglou, John R. Heckenlively, Frank G. Holz, Guy Hughes, John P A Ioannidis, Tatsuro Ishibashi, Peronne Joseph, Gyungah Jun, Yoichiro Kamatani, Nicholas Katsanis, Claudia N Keilhauer, Jane C. Khan, Ivana K. Kim, Yutaka Kiyohara, Barbara E K Klein, Ronald Klein, Jaclyn L. Kovach, Igor Kozak, Clara J. Lee, Kristine E. Lee, Peter Lichtner, Andrew J. Lotery, Thomas Meitinger, Paul Mitchell, Saddek Mohand-Saïd, Anthony T. Moore, Denise J. Morgan, Margaux A. Morrison, Chelsea E. Myers, Adam C. Naj, Yusuke Nakamura, Yukinori Okada, Anton Orlin, M. Carolina Ortube, Mohammad I. Othman, Chris Pappas, Kyu Hyung Park, Gayle J.T. Pauer, Neal S. Peachey, Olivier Poch, Rinki Ratna Priya, Robyn Reynolds, Andrea J. Richardson, Raymond Ripp, Guenther Rudolph, Euijung Ryu, José Alain Sahel, Debra A. Schaumberg, Hendrik P.N. Scholl, Stephen G. Schwartz, William K. Scott, Humma Shahid, Haraldur Sigurdsson, Giuliana Silvestri, Theru A. Sivakumaran, R. Theodore Smith, Lucia Sobrin, Eric H Souied, Dwight E. Stambolian, Hreinn Stefansson, Gwen M. Sturgill-Short, Atsushi Takahashi, Nirubol Tosakulwong, Barbara J. Truitt, Evangelia E. Tsironi, André G. Uitterlinden, Cornelia M van Duijn, Lingam Vijaya, Johannes R Vingerling, Eranga N. Vithana, Andrew R. Webster, H. Erich Wichmann, Thomas W. Winkler, Tien Yin Wong, Alan F. Wright, Diana Zelenika, Ming Zhang, Ling Zhao, Kang Zhang, Michael L. Klein, Gregory Scott Hageman, Mark G Lathrop, Kari Stefansson, Rando L Allikmets, Paul N Baird, Michael B. Gorin, Jie Jin Wang, Caroline C.W. Klaver, Johanna M Seddon, Margaret A Pericak-Vance, Sudha K. Iyengar, John R.W. Yates, Anand Swaroop, Bernhard H.F. Weber, Michiaki Kubo, Margaret DeAngelis, Thierry Léveillard, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Jonathan L Haines, Lindsay A. Farrer, Iris M. Heid, Gonçalo R. Abecasis
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
Lack of immune potentiation by complexing HBsAg in a heat-inactivated hepatitis B Vaccine with antibody in hepatitis B immunoglobulin
Authors: Nico P. Lelie, Peter J. A. J. van Amelsfoort, C. S. Martine de Groot, Ed Bakker, Wim Schaasberg, Jos C. M. Niessen, Henk W. Reesink
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

In a randomized, dose-response study among 305 health care workers, we examined whether the immunogenicity of a heat-inactivated hepatitis B vaccine could be enhanced when HBsAg was complexed by anti-HBs contained in hepatitis B immunoglobulin either at equivalent proportions or at 10-fold antigen excess. The dose of HBsAg in the control vaccine as well as in the two complexed vaccine preparations could be reduced from the standard value (3 μg) to 0.6 μg per injection without affecting the antibody response in the vaccinees. Still lower dosages of HBsAg in the three vaccine preparations induced significantly lower but comparable anti-HBs responses. These results indicate that, in man, using a heat-inactivated plasma vaccine, addition of anti-HBs contained in hepatitis B immunoglobulin does not potentiate the immunogenicity of HBsAg.
Bone Scintigraphy for the Evaluation of Possible Osteomyelitis in the Lower Extremity Leads to the Detection of a Brain Abscess
Authors: Yifan Zhang, Steve S. Huang, Wei-Shen Griggs, Geming Li, Hongming Zhuang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A 17-month-old boy presented with fever and lethargy for 2 days. A complete physical examination rendered no results to explain the source of the fever. Laboratory tests only showed leukocytosis, whereas CT scans of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis were unrevealing. Because the patient refused to walk, possible osteomyelitis of the lower extremities was suspected by referring physicians, and 3-phase bone scintigraphy of the lower extremities was acquired to confirm the suspicion. The bone-scan images showed no abnormal activity in the lower extremities. However, there was increased activity in the region of the mastoid of the right temporal bone. This finding prompted subsequent head CT scan that showed opacification of the middle ear cavity and mastoid air cells with destruction of mastoid bone, suggestive of otomastoiditis and possible osteomyelitis as a complication. In addition, CT showed a large right cerebellar abscess.