tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A lateral approach to ingrowing toenail
Authors: S. Anari
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

An ingrowing toenail causes an inflammatory reaction with formation of granulation tissue in the nailfold, which in turn aggravates the trauma to the nailfold tissue by the growing nail edge. Treatment is aimed at preventing irritation of the nailfold tissue, and surgical operations such as simple nail avulsion, wedge resection and Zadik's procedure or chemical ablation of the matrix with phenol or sodium hydroxide do this by removing the nail. I have tried a different technique on myself, whereby excess nailfold tissue is taken out of the way of the growing nail edge. A silver nitrate stick was used to cauterize the granulation tissue in the nailfold and to ablate extra nailfold tissue surrounding the nail edge (Figure 1), in order to prevent irritation and to break the vicious circle preventing healing. The whole length of the nailfold was cauterized but the matrix was left undisturbed. The dried excess tissue fell off after about two weeks and left a perfect result.



Figure 1

Cauterizing the deeper side



Because it does not disturb the germinal layer this method does not disfigure the toenail. Oozing of the granulation tissue soon stops but the foot requires good ventilation to prevent maceration and promote drying-off. The method seems worthy of further evaluation.
Short-Course Therapy of Catheter-related<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Bacteremia
Authors: John A. Jernigan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To determine, through structured methodologic review of published articles, the effectiveness of short-course ( 2 weeks) antibiotic therapy for catheter-related Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Data Sources: English-language publications on catheter-related S. aureus bacteremia identified using MEDLINE (1966 to the present) and bibliographic review of relevant articles and textbooks. Study Selection: Any study reporting outcome data for patients with catheter-related S. aureus bacteremia who were treated with short-course therapy. Data Extraction: Epidemiologic criteria were applied to assess the quality of protection provided by each study against four important types of biases. In addition, the statistical precision of each study was assessed. Data Synthesis: Eleven studies were identified. Reported late complication rates varied from 0% to 29%; the pooled estimate of the late complication rate was 6.1% (95% CI, 2.0% to 10.2%). Ten of the 11 studies were uncontrolled. Only three provided adequate protection against treatment allocation bias. None of the studies adequately defined the illness under study, and only four provided adequate follow-up. The relapse rates in all 11 studies had low statistical precision. The complication and mortality rates for catheter-related S. aureus bacteremia when published data were pooled, regardless of duration of therapy, were 24% and 15%, respectively. Conclusions: The available data regarding the safety of short-course therapy for catheter-related S. aureus bacteremia are potentially flawed by both bias and statistical imprecision. The optimal duration of treatment remains unknown. Short-course therapy should be viewed with caution in treating this serious infection until randomized trials determine the comparative rates of late complication.
A Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism in Women and Men
Authors: Deborah A. Quinn
Journal: JAMA (1992)

The aim of this study was to compare, in women and men suspected of pulmonary embolism, the frequency, risk factors, diagnosis, and presentation of pulmonary embolism as well as the accuracy of the ventilation/perfusion scan (V/Q scan) as a diagnostic tool.Data were collected during a prospective study (the Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis) to establish the accuracy of the V/Q scan compared with pulmonary angiograms.Six tertiary medical centers in Massachusetts, Michigan, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, and North Carolina.Patients suspected of pulmonary embolism for whom a request was made for a V/Q scan or pulmonary angiogram (496 women and 406 men).Women 50 years old and under had a decreased frequency of pulmonary embolism compared with men of that age (16% vs 32%), but there was no difference in patients over 50 years old (Breslow-Day test, P less than .01). Risk factors for pulmonary embolism, the usefulness of the V/Q scan, and 1-year mortality were not different for women and men. Estrogen use in women was not associated with an increased frequency of pulmonary embolism, except in women using oral contraceptives who had undergone surgery within 3 months; four of five (80%) had emboli compared with four of 28 (14%) age-matched surgical patients not using estrogens (P less than .01).Women 50 years old and under (even young women using oral contraceptives) who were suspected of having pulmonary emboli and were enrolled in the Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis study had a smaller frequency of pulmonary embolism than men of that age, The risk factors for pulmonary embolism were the same for women and men, except that women using oral contraceptives had an increased risk of pulmonary embolism following surgery. Although the V/Q scan was a useful tool in the preliminary evaluation for pulmonary embolism in these women, a pulmonary angiogram was often needed for accurate diagnosis.
Role of DNA repair inhibition in lead- and cadmium-induced genotoxicity: a review.
Authors: A Hartwig
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Compounds of lead and cadmium have been shown to be carcinogenic to humans and experimental animals. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not understood. In mammalian cells in culture, lead(II) is weakly mutagenic after long incubation times and generates DNA strand breaks only after treatment with high, toxic doses. Cadmium(II) induces DNA strand breaks and chromosomal aberrations, but its mutagenic potential is rather weak. However, both metals exert pronounced indirect genotoxic effects. Lead(II) is comutagenic towards UV and N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and enhances the number of UV-induced sister chromatid exchanges in V79 Chinese hamster cells. With regard to DNA repair, lead(II) causes an accumulation of DNA strand breaks after UV-irradiation in HeLa cells, indicating an interference with the polymerization or ligation step in excision repair. Cadmium(II) enhances the mutagenicity of UV light in V79 Chinese hamster cells and an increased sensitivity toward UV light is observed in various rodent and human cell lines. Furthermore, an inhibition of unscheduled DNA synthesis after UV-irradiation and a partial inhibition of the removal of UV-induced DNA lesions has been shown. For both metals, the indirect genotoxic effects are observed at low, nontoxic concentrations, suggesting that an interference with DNA repair processes may be predominant at biologically relevant concentrations. This might also explain the conflicting results of epidemiological studies obtained for both metals. Possible mechanisms of repair inhibition are discussed.
Nurse led interventions to improve control of blood pressure in people with hypertension: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: C. E. Clark, L. F. P. Smith, R. S. Taylor, J. L. Campbell
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a combination of factors that increases the risk of cardiovascular atherosclerotic diseases including diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure. Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death in the adult Saudi population where the increase in cardiovascular-related mortality is augmented by the rise in the prevalence of MS. Metabolic syndrome is a multi-factorial disorder influenced by interactions between genetic and environmental components. This review aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of studied environmental and genetic factors explaining the prevalence of MS in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Additionally, this review aims to illustrate factors related to the population genetics of Saudi Arabia, which might explain a proportion of the prevalence of MS.
Durable Tetanus Protection
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Altered metabolisms of mediators controlling vascular function and enhanced oxidative stress in asymptomatic children with congenital portosystemic venous shunt
Authors: Hironori Nagasaka, Yoshiyuki Okano, Madoka Aizawa, Takashi Miida, Tohru Yorifuji, Go Tajima, Nobuo Sakura, Tomozumi Takatani, Yoshitami Sanayama, Kenji Sugamoto, Mitsufumi Mayumi, Kunihiko Kobayashi, Kenichi Hirano, Masaki Takayanagi, Hirokazu Tsukahara
Journal: Metabolism (2009)
Angiographic Evidence of Flush Coronary Occlusion
Authors: Vincent Barresi
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Serial coronary angiograms of a patient before and after an inferior wall myocardial infarction document a flush occlusion of a posterolateral arterial branch of the right coronary artery. The case illustrates that one-time angiography may fail to demonstrate complete occlusion and loss of a branch coronary artery. This sequence of events may explain the apparently normal coronary arteriograms in patients with documented inferior myocardial infarctions.
423 HCV CORE TUMOR VARIANTS SHIFT TGF-BETA RESPONSES FROM TUMOR SUPPRESSION TO ONCOGENESIS IN PRIMARY HUMAN AND MOUSE HEPATOCYTES
Authors: S. Battaglia, S. Nobilet, O. Bregerie, M. Gigou, P. Charneau, D. Samuel, C. Brechot, M.F. Bourgeade
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Chronic fetal hypoxia in diabetic pregnancy
Authors: F D Johnstone, N G Haddad, J M Steel, P Hoskins
Journal: BMJ (1988)

<h3>Background</h3> Acute chest syndromes (ACS) may be associated with upper respiratory tract infections, but the epidemiology of viral and intracellular respiratory pathogens in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) is not precisely known. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of viral and intracellular respiratory pathogens in children with SCD presenting with fever and/or ACS. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> An observational, prospective, single-centre cohort study with nested case–control analysis was conducted on children with SCD admitted from October 2016 to October 2017 for fever and/or ACS to the paediatric department of Robert Debré university hospital, Paris, France. They were screened for 20 respiratory pathogens by a multiplex PCR in the nasopharynx (FilmArray). <h3>Results</h3> We included 101 children. M/F sex ratio of 0.45. The median age was 3.2 years (IQR: 1.4–8.2). At least one pathogen was isolated in 67 patients (67%). The most frequent viruses were as follows: rhinovirus (n=33), adenovirus (n=14), respiratory syncytial virus (n=13) and parainfluenza viruses (n=11). <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> was detected in one case. Twenty-three (23%) presented with or developed ACS. A nested case–control analysis was performed, after pairing ACS with non-ACS children for age and inclusion period. There was no statistical association between any viral detection or multiple viral infection, and ACS (p=0.51) even though parainfluenza viruses were twice as common in ACS. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Viral detection in febrile children with SCD is frequent, but its association with ACS was not demonstrated. In this study, <i>M. pneumoniae</i> was rare in young children with SCD experiencing ACS.
Protective effects of erythema nodosum in coccidioidomycosis
Authors: Irwin M Braverman
Journal: The Lancet (1999)

In areas endemic for coccidioidomycosis, pregnant women who acquire the infection are at risk of dissemination of disease with the possibility of death. But is the risk greater for some pregnant women than others? E L Arsura and colleagues have reported a series of 61 pregnant women with coccidioidomycosis from California, 30 (49%) of whom developed erythema nodosum. 1 Arsura EL Kilgore WB Ratnayake SN Erythema nodosum in pregnant patients with coccidioidomycosis. Clin Infect Dis. 1998; 5: 1201-1203 Crossref Scopus (28) Google Scholar None of these 30 women went on to have disseminated disease, whereas 11 of the 31 without erythema nodosum did, and one of them died. Of the 12 patients whose infection became chronic, only one had erythema nodosum. The findings suggest that erythema nodosum has a protective effect against dissemination and chronicity in this high-risk group. Although these observations need to be confirmed, the likelihood that these observations are correct and are relevant for decisions on therapy are supported by other observations in clinical medicine.
US health reforms offer chance for primary care and public health to integrate, says report
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Federal agencies should take steps to help bridge the longstanding gap between public health and primary care in the United States, says a new report from the Institute of Medicine. It suggests that the changing nature of health concerns and the evolving reimbursement environment under the government’s health reforms offer new opportunities for better integration of the two specialties.

“Research increasingly is giving us insights into how to actually intervene in a meaningful way,” said Paul Wallace, chairman of the committee that wrote the report. “It is demonstrating that it is a team sport . . . for chronic disease.”

The report (http://bit.ly/H6rzP5) was shaped by concerns of the two agencies within …
Accidental Drowning of Toddlers in Buckets
Authors: Bruce A. Hyma
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor. —  Jumbelic and Chambliss1have described the significant health threat 5-gallon buckets are to infants and toddlers. In Dade County, Florida, since 1956, we have had five fatalities of toddlers drowning in 5-gallon pails and one toddler drowning in an ice chest since 1956. The manner of death in all six (mean age, 10.6 months) was determined to be accidental. It must be emphasized that these cases need to be thoroughly investigated through a cooperative effort by the medical examiner, law enforcement, and social services. Death of children below or above the toddler stage should be considered suspicious. Furthermore, careful attention must be paid to each individual's motor development, which may vary from toddler to toddler.  In our communications with the US Consumer Product Safety Commission, they have identified 234 similar drownings from 1972 to the present. Perhaps a conspicuous written warning similar to that found on
Monocyte receptors for fibronectin characterized by a monoclonal antibody that interferes with receptor activity.
Authors: B Hosein, C Bianco
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

We describe a molecule on the surface of human peripheral blood monocytes that appears to be a plasma membrane receptor for fibronectin. We have identified this protein using a monoclonal antibody, A6F10, which prevents the interaction between monocytes and substrate-bound fibronectin. Thus, at least functionally, the antibody appears to recognize the plasma membrane receptor for fibronectin. The antibody and its Fab fragments bound to the cell surfaces of human monocytes, tissue macrophages, and, to a lesser extent, neutrophils. It did not react with fibroblasts, lymphocytes, platelets, or erythrocytes. It bound human and guinea pig cells but did not react with rat, mouse, or hamster cells. In Western blots, this monoclonal antibody bound specifically to a polypeptide with apparent molecular weight of 110,000 and made of a single chain. The antigen recognized by A6F10 was susceptible to trypsin digestion. These observations suggest that the monoclonal antibody A6F10 is directed to the fibronectin receptor of human monocytes.
In vivo induction of tolerance in murine CD4+ cell subsets.
Authors: C G Romball, W O Weigle
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

The induction of tolerance in mice to preparations of deaggregated human gamma globulin (DHGG) results in in vitro antigen-specific unresponsiveness in CD4+ T cells as well as in both the T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2-like subpopulations. Whereas both CD45RB(hi) and CD45RB(lo) cells from lymph nodes of HGG/complete Freund's adjuvant-immunized mice (control) proliferated in vitro to HGG, both subpopulations from mice previously tolerized with DHGG failed to respond. Furthermore, CD4+ T cells from control, but not from DHGG-injected mice, secreted high levels of interleukin 2 (IL-2) after in vitro stimulation with HGG. Although significant levels of IL-4 in supernatants of control CD4+ cells stimulated with HGG were detected in some, but not all, experiments, significant levels of IL-4 were never detected in supernatants of HGG-stimulated tolerant CD4+ cells. The demonstration that serum IgG1 anti-HGG is preferentially produced in a few tolerant mice that exhibit a leaky tolerant state suggests that tolerance induction may be more difficult to induce in IL-4- than in IL-2-producing cells.
Performance of a nurse-led paediatric point of care service for respiratory syncytial virus testing in secondary care
Authors: Aysha Begum Khanom, Charlotte Velvin, Khidir Hawrami, Martin Schutten, Mauli Patel, Michael V. Holmes, Claire Atkinson, Judith Breuer, John FitzSimons, Anna Maria Geretti
Journal: Journal of Infection (2010)
Generalized Dermatitis from Pediculosis Capitis
Authors: F. Ronchese
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1946)

IN a recent article, Morris1 has called attention to pediculosis corporis as an overlooked cause of ulcers of the legs in middle-aged patients. The present paper emphasizes pediculosis capitis as an overlooked cause of a generalized dermatitis.The usual descriptions of the dermatitis accompanying pediculosis capitis give as its location the scalp and the neighboring areas of the neck. Not infrequently, however, the eczematoid, prurigolike dermatitis extends far beyond these limits; in some cases it involves the entire cutaneous surface, as in pediculosis corporis. The main difference is that in pediculosis corporis the patient is likely to be elderly, destitute . . .
The nature and plausibility of Cognitivism
Authors: John Haugeland
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1978)

Abstract Cognitivism in psychology and philosophy is roughly the position that intelligent behavior can (only) be explained by appeal to internal “cognitive processes,” that is, rational thought in a very broad sense. Sections 1 to 5 attempt to explicate in detail the nature of the scientific enterprise that this intuition has inspired. That enterprise is distinctive in at least three ways: It relies on a style of explanation which is different from that of mathematical physics, in such a way that it is not basically concerned with quantitative equational laws; the states and processes with which it deals are “interpreted,” in the sense that they are regarded as meaningful or representational; and it is not committed to reductionism, but is open to reduction in a form different from that encountered in other sciences. Spelling these points out makes it clear that the Cognitivist study of the mind can be rigorous and empirical, despite its unprecedented theoretical form. The philosophical explication has another advantage as well: It provides a much needed framework for articulating questions about whether the Cognitivist approach is right or wrong. The last three sections take that advantage of the account, and address several such questions, pro and con.
Clinical Application of Electron Spin Resonance
Authors: Jessie L. Ternberg
Journal: JAMA (1963)

JAUNDICE exists when the bilirubin concentration in tissue fluids is higher than normal. The definition of the cause of jaundice, though difficult at times, is extremely important if proper therapy is to be instituted. The considerable information obtainable from laboratory tests, diagnostic procedures, and a careful medical history does not ensure the correct diagnosis. At the present time the increase in the number of cases of drug jaundice accentuates the problem of differential diagnosis. Of the drug jaundices, those with cholestasis are the most confusing to differentiate from mechanical obstructive jaundice. Although in the past cholestatic drug jaundice occurred infrequently today it predominates.<sup>1</sup> Since the demonstration, by means of electron spin resonance spectrometry, that free radicals commonly occur in biological systems<sup>2</sup>and are decisive intermediates in enzymatic oxidationreduction processes,<sup>3, 4</sup>we have undertaken comparable investigations of surviving animal tissues. These studies show that most animal tissues
Comparing human pancreatic cell secretomes by in vitro aptamer selection identifies cyclophilin B as a candidate pancreatic cancer biomarker
Authors: Partha Ray, Kristy L. Rialon-Guevara, Emanuela Veras, Bruce A. Sullenger, Rebekah R. White
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Most cases of pancreatic cancer are not diagnosed until they are no longer curable with surgery. Therefore, it is critical to develop a sensitive, preferably noninvasive, method for detecting the disease at an earlier stage. In order to identify biomarkers for pancreatic cancer, we devised an in vitro positive/negative selection strategy to identify RNA ligands (aptamers) that could detect structural differences between the secretomes of pancreatic cancer and non-cancerous cells. Using this molecular recognition approach, we identified an aptamer (M9-5) that differentially bound conditioned media from cancerous and non-cancerous human pancreatic cell lines. This aptamer further discriminated between the sera of pancreatic cancer patients and healthy volunteers with high sensitivity and specificity. We utilized biochemical purification methods and mass-spectrometric analysis to identify the M9-5 target as cyclophilin B (CypB). This molecular recognition-based strategy simultaneously identified CypB as a serum biomarker and generated a new reagent to recognize it in body fluids. Moreover, this approach should be generalizable to other diseases and complementary to traditional approaches that focus on differences in expression level between samples. Finally, we suggest that the aptamer we identified has the potential to serve as a tool for the early detection of pancreatic cancer.
On falling over
Authors: Elizabeth Davies
Journal: BMJ (2006)

There is something ridiculous about grown-ups falling over, as if they really should have known better. So finding myself on the ground, after a sudden nothingness where a step should have been, my first thought was whether anyone had witnessed my indignity. All the more so, as my pride at having walked the four miles home had led me to take some steps down at speed—which just shows how the old sayings have said it all. 

Embarrassment was rapidly followed by a shock of pain and a sense of gasping for equilibrium, without actually being able to move. Immediately I …