tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Role of Patient Participation in the Doctor Visit: Implications for adherence to diabetes care
Authors: Carol E Golin, M Robin DiMatteo, Lillian Gelberg
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

For patients, treatment of diabetes involves complex changes in basic behaviors and adherence to complicated regimens. Understanding the factors that enable patients to adhere to diabetes treatment is the first step to designing effective interventions. Researchers of diabetes care have postulated that increasing diabetic patients' participation in medical decision making during the doctor visit is likely to improve their adherence to self-care. However, a critical review of the impact of patient participation on diabetic patients adherence to self-care is absent from the literature. We review the subject of patient participation in medical decision making and its effect on adherence to self-care for patients with diabetes. We introduce a model of the determinants of adherence to diabetes self-care that incorporates the effects of patient participation in medical decision making. In this model, we suggest three ways that patient participation can affect adherence to self-care: 1) it may have a direct effect; 2) it may affect adherence to self-care indirectly by affecting patients' understanding of their treatment regimen or the fit of their regimen with their lifestyle; and 3) perceived omissions of participation can affect adherence to self-care indirectly through an effect on patient satisfaction. Research is needed to identify more clearly which components of patient participation affect adherence to self-care and in what ways. Distinguishing patient and physician behaviors that contribute to the process of patient participation would provide a means to develop specific behavioral interventions.
Use of an implantable drug delivery system for refractory chronic sickle cell pain
Authors: Thomas J. Smith, Patrick J. Coyne, Wally R. Smith, John D. Roberts, Virginia Smith
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

An increasing number of chronic sickle cell patients are being treated with sustained-release opioids in the same manner as cancer patients. In a randomized clinical trial of patients with refractory cancer pain, implantable intrathecal drug delivery systems (IDDS) improved clinical success compared to comprehensive medical management alone. We implanted IDDS pumps in two sickle cell patients with refractory bone pain. Both patients achieved rapid and sustained relief of pain, with dramatic reduction in the use of as-needed opioids, crises, and admissions. IDDS may offer relief for sickle cell patients with refractory pain. A prospective trial with more participants is planned. Am. J. Hematol. 78:153–154, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effect of clofibrate on lipoprotein metabolism in hyperlipidemic rats
Authors: Pesach Segal, Paul S. Roheim, Howard A. Eder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

The effects of clofibrate administration were studied in rats made hyperlipidemic by the feeding of diets high in sucrose. Within 12 hr of administration of clofibrate, there was a marked decrease in the concentration of serum high density lipoproteins but no change in the concentrations of the low and very low density lipoproteins. Between 2-4 days of treatment, the concentration of the very low density lipoproteins decreased whereas that of the low density lipoproteins was unchanged. In addition, the composition of the very low density lipoproteins was altered by clofibrate administration with a decrease in triglyceride and an increase in phospholipid content. The synthesis of high density lipoproteins, as measured by the incorporation of labeled amino acids, decreased within 12 hr of treatment. The synthesis of the very low density lipoproteins was increased during the first 2 days and then decreased slightly. The synthesis of low density lipoproteins did not change. The rate of removal of very low density lipoproteins was measured at various times from 0.5 to 8 days of treatment and was found to be elevated. It was concluded that in the hyperlipidemic sucrose-fed rat, administration of clofibrate results in a reduced level of very low density lipoproteins which may be due in part to enhancement of the rate of removal of this fraction.
Interactions of actin, myosin, and an actin-binding protein of chronic myelogenous leukemia leukocytes.
Authors: L A Boxer, T P Stossel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Actin, myosin, and a high molecular weight actin-binding protein were purified from chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) leukocytes. CML leukocyte actin resembled skeletal muscle and other cytoplasmic actins by its subunit molecular weight, by its ability to polymerize in the presence of salts, and to activate the Mg2+-ATPase activity of rabbit skeletal muscle myosin. CML leukocyte myosin was similar to other vertebrate cytoplasmic myosins in having heavy chains and two light subunits. However, its apparent heavy-chain molecular weight and Stokes radius suggested that it was variably degraded during purification. Purified CML leukocyte myosin had average specific EDTA- AND Ca2+-activated ATPase activities of 125 and 151 nmol Pi released/mg protein per min, respectively and low specific Mg2+-ATPase activity. The Mg2+-ATPase activity of CML myosin was increased 200-fold by rabbit skeletal muscle F-actin, but the specific activity relative to that of actin-activated rabbit skeletal muscle myosin was low. CML leukocyte myosin, like other vertebrate cytoplasmic myosins, formed filaments in 0.1 M KCl solutions. Reduced and denatured CML leukocyte-actin-binding protein had a single high molecular weight subunit like a recently described actin-binding protein of rabbit pulmonary macrophages which promotes the polymerization and gelation of actin. Cytoplasmic extracts of CML leukocytes prepared with ice-cold 0.34-M sucrose solutions containing Mg2+-ATP, dithiothreitol, and EDTA at pH 7.0 underwent rapid gelation when warmed to 25 degrees C. Initially, the gel could be liquified by cooling to ice-bath temperature. With time, warmed cytoplasmic extract gels shrunk ("contracted") into aggregates. The following findings indicated that CML leukocyte actin-binding protein promoted the temperature-dependent gelation of actin in the cytoplasmic extracts and that CML leukocyte myosin was involved in the contraction of the actin gels: (a) Cytoplasmic extract gels initially contained actin as their major polypeptide component and consistent of tangled thin filaments; (b) Contracted aggregates of cytoplasmic extract gels contained by large quantities of myosin as well as actin; (c) Purified actin-binding protein underwent a temperature-dependent, reversible aggregation and caused low concentrations of purified muscle or CML leukocyte actins to gel in sucrose solutions; (d) The gels formed from purified actin plus purified actin-binding protein slowly contracted in the presence but not in the absence of purified CML leukocyte myosin; (e) Rabbit antiserum against purified CML leukocyte actin-binding protein but not against purified CML leukocyte myosin inhibited the gelation of warmed CML leukocyte extracts. Antiserum against CML leukocyte myosin had no effect on the gelation of CML leukocyte extracts but partially curtailed the contraction of the CML leukocyte extract gels and of gels formed from purified CML leukocyte actin-binding protein plus rabbit skeletal muscle actin.
Prognostic Value of Bone Marrow Micrometastasis in Patients with Operable Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study
Authors: Shao-bin Chen, Xiao-dong Su, Guo-wei Ma, Peng Lin, Jing Wen, Fei-xiang Wang, Hao Zhang, Jian-hua Fu, Xu Zhang
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
Aseptic Meningitis Due to Echo Virus Type 7
Authors: Herman Kleinman, Donald G. Ramras, Marion K. Cooney, Lloyd Boyd
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

THE virus that subsequently became known as ECHO virus Type 7 was first encountered by Ramos-Alvarez and Sabin1 in 1953. Honig et al.2 isolated and eventually identified the same virus in West Virginia, 1951–1953. Bell has reported his experiences with ECHO virus Type 7 as it was isolated from well children in an institution.3 serologic data from Gelfand4 and Henigst and his colleagues5 and again from Sabin6 indicate that infection with this agent is common, occurs in the young but does not really become prevalent until the school years. Also, once the adult years are reached, fully three quarters of . . .
Access to health information is vital for low income countries
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The goal that every person in the world should have access to an informed healthcare provider by 2015 is an ambitious but achievable target, delegates attending a conference in London heard this week.

The Healthcare Information for All by 2015 (HIFA2015) campaign was launched in 2006 with the goal of progressively meeting the information needs of healthcare providers. HIFA2015 has five online discussion networks linking together health professionals, publishers, policymakers, researchers, librarians, information professionals, and citizen representatives. Some of the key messages from the forum discussions are then collated into a knowledge base, known as HIFA lumps.

Speaking at the conference, HIFA2015: addressing the information needs of healthcare providers in low-income countries , Najeeb Al-Shorbaji, director of knowledge management and sharing at the World Health …
Absence of Stat1 in donor CD4+ T cells promotes the expansion of Tregs and reduces graft-versus-host disease in mice
Authors: Huihui Ma, Caisheng Lu, Judith Ziegler, Ailing Liu, Antonia Sepulveda, Hideho Okada, Suzanne Lentzsch, Markus Y. Mapara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

STAT1 is the main signal transducer for type I and II IFNs and plays a central role in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. We used Stat1-deficient mice to test the role of donor Stat1 in MHC-matched minor histocompatibility antigen-mismatched (mHA-mismatched) and fully MHC-mismatched models of bone marrow transplantation. Lack of Stat1 in donor splenocytes reduced graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in both immunogenetic disparities, leading to substantially attenuated morbidity and mortality. Donor Stat1 deficiency resulted in reduced alloantigen-induced activation and expansion of donor T cells and correlated with the expansion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs in vivo. This expansion of Tregs was further confirmed by studies showing that Stat1 deficiency promoted the proliferation, while inhibiting the apoptosis, of natural Tregs, and that absence of Stat1 enhanced the induction of inducible Tregs both in vitro and in vivo. Ex vivo expanded Stat1-/- Tregs were superior to wild-type Tregs in suppressing alloantigen-driven expansion of T cells in vitro and in inhibiting the development of GVHD. These observations demonstrate that Stat1 is a regulator of Tregs and that targeting Stat1 in CD4+ T cells may facilitate in vitro and in vivo expansion of Tregs for therapeutic use.
The impact of A(H1N1)pdm09 infection on renal transplant recipients: A multicenter cohort study
Authors: Jang-Hee Cho, Chan-Duck Kim, Myoung-Soo Kim, Eun-Suk Kang, Young-Hoon Kim, Ji-Il Kim, Chang-Kwon Oh, Yon-Su Kim, Dong-Il Won, Sun-Hee Park, Yong-Lim Kim
Journal: Journal of Infection (2012)
Mannitol as an Alternative to Furosemide in Tc-99m MAG3 Diuretic Renography
Authors: JOSE M. ZUBELDIA, KWANG G. JOO, GEORGE R. BAEUMLER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

A 52-year-old woman was referred to the authors’ institution for evaluation of hydronephrosis. A previous intravenous pyelogram showed dilatation of both renal pelves, with bilateral obstruction of the ureteropelvic junction. A baseline renal scan revealed fairly good flow and function of both kidneys, with possible hydronephrosis of the left kidney. She was allergic to furosemide, so diuretic renal scintigraphy was performed using an intravenous infusion of mannitol. The study revealed a rapid downslope of the excretory phase bilaterally. Therefore, mechanical obstruction was ruled out. The results indicate that mannitol is an adequate alternative to furosemide in patients who are allergic to that or other sulfa drugs.
Romania plans to switch from a state insurance healthcare system to a private one
Authors: N. Bunduc
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Radical changes are being introduced into the Romanian healthcare system, transforming it from a state based health insurance scheme to one based on private insurance companies.

Under the proposals the National Health Insurance House, which runs the healthcare system, will be turned into a supervisory body which regulates private companies.

At present Romanians pay 5.5% of their income into a state insurance system, and their employers pay in 5.2%. The National Health Insurance House then …
Chronic Arthropathy After Rubella Vaccination in Women
Authors: Paul E. Slater
Journal: JAMA (1997)

The last large epidemic of rubella in the United States was in 1964 when almost half a million cases were reported. The National Communicable Disease Center, now the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, estimated the true size of the 1964 epidemic as 12.5 million cases, and at least 20 000 clinically evident cases of the congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) were subsequently reported.<sup>1</sup>The first rubella vaccine was licensed in the United States in 1969, and from that year on rubella and CRS incidence began to decline. In 1994, there were 227 reported cases of rubella and 7 cases of CRS<sup>2</sup>; in 1995, there were 128 cases of rubella—the lowest number in history—and 6 cases of CRS<sup>3</sup>; and in 1996, there were 210 cases of rubella (CRS data are not yet available).<sup>4</sup>Through June 1997, only 64 cases of rubella had been reported in the United
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia And Histiocytic Medullary Reticulocytosis
Authors: Robert F. Marvin
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Shreiner's article (231:838, 1975) suggests a stem-cell abnormality as the possible underlying cause of the patient's acute lymphoblastic leukemia and subsequent histiocytic medullary reticulosis. Further thought on the cause of the latter disease is provoked by the existence of 25 cases of histiocytic medullary reticulosis seen at Mulago Hospital in Uganda over a seven-year period.<sup>1-2</sup> Good American articles often fail to note the existence of this large number of cases.<sup>3</sup>Serck-Hansen and Purchit have postulated that the increased incidence of cases in the tropics may be due to increased stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system, resulting from frequent infections or from malnutrition beginning in early infancy.<sup>1</sup>It may be of additional interest that many of these cases come from the same area where there is an increased incidence of Burkitt lymphoma.
Comparison of Survival of Colorectal Cancer Patients Undergone for Metastasectomy Before or After Chemotherapy with Liver Only Metastases
Authors: Burcak Karaca, Gulcan Bulut, Zeki Surmeli, Burcu Cakar, Ulus Sanli, Canfeza Sezgin, Bulent Karabulut, Ruchan Uslu
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
624 PRES-S GENETIC VARIANTS ARE HIGHLY PREVALENT AND SIGNIFICANTLY CORRELATE WITH LOWER LEVELS OF HBSAG IN ACTIVE HBV INFECTIONS
Authors: T. Pollicino, G. Amaddeo, A. Restuccia, G. Raffa, A. Alibrandi, S. Maimone, G. Squadrito, G. Raimondo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
USUAL SOURCE OF CARE AND OUTCOMES AFTER ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: DATA FROM THE PROSPECTIVE REGISTRY EVALUATING MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: EVENT AND RECOVERY (PREMIER)
Authors: Erica S. Spatz, Mayur M. Desai, Kensey Riley, Joseph S. Ross, Sameer D. Sheth, John A. Spertus, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
TCT-345 Effect of Body Mass Index and Diabetes Mellitus on Angiographic Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Using Different Drug-eluting Stents
Authors: Seiji Habara, Kazushige Kadota, Tahei Ichinohe, Shunsuke Kubo, Masatomo Ozaki, Yusuke Hyodo, Koshi Miyake, Naoki Saito, Suguru Otsuru, Hideaki Otsuji, Daiji Hasegawa, Yoshikazu Shigemoto, Takeshi Tada, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Yasushi Fuku, Tsuyoshi Goto, Kazuaki Mitsudo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
The Plague Makers
Authors: Jeffrey A. Fisher
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I would like to respond to a few points raised by Dr Polly in his review of my book.<sup>1</sup> First, with regard to his characterization of the style of the book as resembling a supermarket tabloid, I would like to remind him that this book was written primarily for nonhealth care professionals. If it had been written in a drier style, the important message of the book—that the inappropriate use of antibiotics is putting us on the brink of disaster— would never have gotten out. If Polly thinks that this message is hyperbole, I refer him to an article<sup>2</sup>by Cohen that indicates he believes we are fast approaching the postantibiotic era. Clearly, not all infectious disease experts share Polly's opinion of my book—several respected authorities have endorsed it. As to my blaming the problem of antibiotic abuse on a misguided medical school curriculum, I
Primary Osteoarthritis, Migraine Headaches, and Motion Sickness
Authors: William K. Ishmael
Journal: JAMA (1967)

From historical data of 200 patients presenting with Heberden's nodes and associated musculoskeletal complaints, and from 100 control subjects beyond 50 years of age and without Heberden's nodes, it is postulated that symptomatic primary osteoarthritis (Heberden's nodes), migraine headaches, and motion sickness are related, possibly in a genetic manner. It is possible that a lifelong history of musculoskeletal aches and pains, nausea, headaches, and nervous phenomena, such as insomnia and tension in an afflicted subject and members of his family, have a physiological as well as a psychological basis.
Population Toxicokinetic Modeling of Cadmium for Health Risk Assessment
Authors: Billy Amzal, Bettina Julin, Marie Vahter, Alicja Wolk, Gunnar Johanson, Agneta Åkesson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Cadmium is a widespread environmental pollutant that has been shown to exert toxic effects on kidney and bones in humans after long-term exposure. Urinary cadmium concentration is considered a good biomarker of accumulated cadmium in kidney, and diet is the main source of cadmium among nonsmokers.Modeling the link between urinary cadmium and dietary cadmium intake is a key step in the risk assessment of long-term cadmium exposure. There is, however, little knowledge on how this link may vary, especially for susceptible population strata.We used a large population-based study (the Swedish Mammography Cohort), with repeated dietary intake data covering a period of 20 years, to compare estimated dietary cadmium intake with urinary cadmium concentrations on an individual basis. A modified version of the Nordberg-Kjellström model and a one-compartment model were evaluated in terms of their predictions of urinary cadmium. We integrated the models and quantified the between-person variability of cadmium half-life in the population. Finally, sensitivity analyses and Monte Carlo simulations were performed to illustrate how the latter model could serve as a robust tool supporting the risk assessment of cadmium in humans.The one-compartment population model appeared to be an adequate modeling option to link cadmium intake to urinary cadmium and to describe the population variability. We estimated the cadmium half-life to be about 11.6 years, with about 25% population variability.Population toxicokinetic models can be robust and useful tools for risk assessment of chemicals, because they allow quantification and integration of population variability in toxicokinetics.
Toward the Control of Hepatitis B
Authors: Jules L. Dienstag
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a remarkably successful virus. It is so well adapted to its human host that it can direct the manufacture of up to a staggering 10 trillion virus-antigen-bearing particles per milliliter of its host's plasma. Moreover, it perpetuates itself in a reservoir of persistent virus carriers, through whom infection of others is effected not only by overt percutaneous routes but also by poorly understood, more subtle avenues of transmission. Testimony to the success of HBV is its global impact: as many as 200 million persons worldwide, or approximately 5 per cent of the earth's population, have . . .
Haemorrhagic cystitis associated with adenovirus in a patient with AIDS treated for a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: David Ghez, Eric Oksenhendler, Catherine Scieux, Ka�ss Lassoued
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

Adenovirus-induced haemorrhagic cystitis has been reported chiefly in bone marrow or kidney transplant recipients. We report hereon an HIV-positive patient treated for a Burkitt's lymphoma who developed gross haematuria associated with fever and burning urination. Usual causes of haematuria were ruled out: lithiasis, urinary tract lesions, glomerulonephritis, mycobacterium and schistosoma infections, and drug toxicity. Adenovirus was detected by cellular cultures and BK/JC virus DNA sequences were detected using a polymerase chain reaction method. Because BK/JC virus shedding is very common (75%) in HIV patients receiving chemotherapy, our data strongly suggest that adenovirus was responsible for the haemorrhagic cystitis in our patient. In conclusion, adenovirus should be considered as a potential cause of haemorrhagic cystitis in AIDS patients whose immunosuppression is aggravated by cytotoxic drugs. Am. J. Hematol. 63:32–34, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Diffuse Chemoradiotherapy-Related Enterocolitis
Authors: Hon-Yi Lin, Yee-Min Jen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

An 86-year-old man received a diagnosis of stage IV adenocarcinoma of the rectum, with metastatic disease noted below the aortic bifurcation. He had no history of inflammatory bowel disease. He was treated with 4500 cGy of radiation delivered to the whole pelvis in 25 fractions by means of a four-field box technique, in conjunction with fluorouracil and folic acid. Five weeks after the initiation of the radiotherapy, severe diarrhea developed, increasing to 11 episodes per day. No infectious pathogens were found. Computed tomography of the abdomen showed diffuse bowel changes that involved most of the ileum (Panels A and B, . . .
Inquiry into food poisoning outbreak in Wales says lessons weren't learnt from past incidents
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Hygiene inspections of food premises must be unannounced, and light touch enforcement needs to be closely monitored, concludes an independent report into one of Britain’s biggest food poisoning outbreaks.

The report into the country’s second largest food poisoning outbreak caused by Escherichia coli O157, in September 2005, highlights a series of system failures, missed clues, and ineffective enforcement action. In the outbreak in the South Wales valleys a 5 year old boy died and 31 people were hospitalised.

Hugh Pennington, emeritus professor of bacteriology at the University of Aberdeen, who chaired the inquiry and who also led the review into the E coli O157 outbreak in Scotland in 1996, said, “I had hoped that the lessons from the shocking events in 1996 would stay in people’s minds.

“But comparison of the failures that led to this outbreak …