tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intracellular distribution of the Wilson's disease gene product (atpase7b) afterin vitro andin vivo exogenous expression in hepatocytes from the LEC rat, an animal model of Wilson's disease
Authors: Koji Nagano, Kimitoshi Nakamura, Ken-Ich Urakami, Kazuhiro Umeyama, Hideki Uchiyama, Kazunori Koiwai, Shinzaburo Hattori, Tetsuro Yamamoto, Ichiro Matsuda, Fumio Endo
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

In patients with Wilson's disease, both copper incorporation into ceruloplasmin and excretion of this metal into bile are impaired. These conditions are caused by a genetic defect in the Wilson's disease gene (ATP7B). To investigate the Wilson's disease gene protein (ATPase7B) in hepatocytes, we constructed an expression plasmid carrying full-length complementary DNA for human Wilson's disease gene and attempted to express the gene in hepatocytes of LEC rats, an animal model of Wilson's disease. Transfection of hepatocytes, either in vitro or in vivo, was done using a newly developed cationic liposome containing 1,4-bis(3-(N-hexadecyl) aminopropyl) piperazine. Immunological analyses of human ATPase7B with specific monoclonal antibodies showed human ATPase7B to be a membrane protein with a molecular mass of 155 kd. Analysis of human ATPase7B expressed in hepatocytes from LEC rats suggested that this protein is present in the trans-Golgi network and at the plasma membrane, a distribution pattern similar to that of Menkes' disease protein (ATPase7A). These findings suggest that these two putative copper-transporting P-type ATPases function similarly at the cellular level. Cotransfection and coexpression of the human Wilson's disease gene and ceruloplasmin gene in cultured hepatocytes indicate that the distribution of ceruloplasmin is always accompanied by ATPase7B at the perinuclear region, but that part of ATPase7B localizes irrespective of the distribution of ceruloplasmin. Based on these investigations, we propose that ATPase7B exists in the trans-Golgi network and transports copper into this compartment. This seems to ensure an appropriate delivery of copper to the apoceruloplasmin. On the other hand, part of ATPase7B that is not accompanied by ceruloplasmin in the perinuclear region and at the plasma membrane seems to contribute to efflux of this metal from the hepatocytes. Thus the distribution patterns of ATPase7B in hepatocytes may explain the dual roles of this P-type ATPase in hepatocytes.
Estrogen Excretion Patterns and Plasma Levels in Vegetarian and Omnivorous Women
Authors: Barry R. Goldin, Herman Adlercreutz, Sherwood L. Gorbach, James H. Warram, Johanna T. Dwyer, Linda Swenson, Margo N. Woods
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

We studied 10 vegetarian and 10 nonvegetarian premenopausal women on four occasions approximately four months apart. During each study period, the participants kept three-day dietary records, and estrogens were measured in plasma, urinary, and fecal samples. Vegetarians consumed less total fat than omnivores did (30 per cent of total calories, as compared with 40 per cent) and more dietary fiber (28 g per day, as compared with 12 g). There was a positive correlation between fecal weight and fecal excretion of estrogens in both groups (P less than 0.001), with vegetarians having higher fecal weight and increased fecal excretion of estrogens. Urinary excretion of estriol was lower in vegetarians (P less than 0.05), and their plasma levels of estrone and estradiol were negatively correlated with fecal excretion of estrogen (P = 0.005). Among the vegetarians the beta-glucuronidase activity of fecal bacteria was significantly reduced (P = 0.05). We conclude that vegetarian women have an increased fecal output, which leads to increased fecal excretion of estrogen and a decreased plasma concentration of estrogen.
PRIMA-1Met induces myeloma cell death independent of p53 by impairing the GSH/ROS balance
Authors: Benoît Tessoulin, Géraldine Descamps, Philippe Moreau, Sophie Maïga, Laurence Lodé, Catherine Godon, Séverine Marionneau-Lambot, Thibauld Oullier, Steven Le Gouill, Martine Amiot, Catherine Pellat-Deceunynck
Journal: Blood (2014)
Nicholas Copernicus: Physician and Astronomer
Authors: Stanley J. G. Nowak
Journal: JAMA (1964)

ABSTRACT To the Editor:— The contribution on  Copernicus, written by Mieczyslaw Skulimowski, MD, was designed specifically to emphasize a phase in the life  Copernicus which is not generally appreciated. The author assumed that readers  a scientific journal were well aware  his monumental contribution as a an astronomer and  his epochal De Revolutionibus. Of course, it might have been well to make specific references to it. However, the author preferred to resort to a subtler technique as in the following:On page 668, in the first sentence, Nicholas Copernicus, future  astronomer and eminent physician... the word genial was used in its rare form meaning of or characterized by genius.On page 668, second column, last paragraph, there is reference to the influence  astronomy and mathematics in medicine.On page 670, second column, end  first paragraph, the author states: Copernicus's biographers  the 17th and
Dose and time relations in Hg(++)-induced tubular necrosis and regeneration.
Authors: J B Nielsen, H R Andersen, O Andersen, H Starklint
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Mercuric chloride is a well-known human and animal nephrotoxicant. Previous studies have demonstrated an inverse relationship between dose size and relative whole-body retention of mercury after oral administration of mercuric chloride to mice. The present study indicates that this inverse relationship is caused by a dose-related induction of kidney damage leading to increasing leakage of mercury through the kidneys. Histopathologic investigation revealed extensive necrosis of the proximal tubules in kidneys from mice exposed to 100 mumole HgCl2/kg or higher doses. Moreover, maximum renal damage occurred between days 2 and 3 after administration. The renal damage was followed by regeneration, which was observed between days 3 and 7 at increasing dose levels up to 100 mumole HgCl2/kg. The amount of glutathione and the glutathione peroxidase activity in kidney decreased with increasing doses of mercuric chloride. The reduced glutathione peroxidase activity was due to a reduction in selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity. The level of lipid peroxidation was not changed by increasing doses of mercuric chloride, and hence was not a primary toxic mechanism in acute nephrotoxicity induced by mercuric chloride.
Evaluating Individual Hospital Quality Through Outcome Statistics
Authors: Harold S. Luft
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Case abstract data are routinely collected by hospital abstracting services, peer review organizations, and some state agencies. These data have proved invaluable in the analysis of patterns of performance across large numbers of hospitals and have shown, for example, the inverse relation between diagnosis- or procedure-specific volume and outcome. Routinely collected data also appear to be an attractive means for identifying hospitals, and perhaps physicians, with particularly good or poor outcomes for their patients. Unfortunately, problems of small numbers of patients and relatively low rates of poor outcomes make it difficult to be confident in the identification of individual performers. Recent data for cardiac catheterization patients are used to illustrate this problem. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;255:2780-2784)
Hepatic drug clearance in chronic liver disease: Can we expect to find a universal, quantitative marker of hepatic function?
Authors: Denis J. Morgan, Richard A. Smallwood
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Blood clearance of antipyrine, indocyanine green, and galactose were measured to evaluate the alterations of effective hepatic blood flow and hepatic intrinsic clearances in chronic liver diseases. Galactose blood clearance, which may be taken as effective hepatic blood flow, decreased by approximately 30% in patients with cirrhosis (12.49 ± 0.76 ml/min/kg; mean ± SE; n = 17) compared with normal subjects (18.17 ± 1.03 ml/min/kg; n = 5). In patients with cirrhosis, intrinsic clearances of antipyrine (9.178 ± 0.14 ml/min/kg; n = 17) and indocyanine green (6.19 ± 1.38 ml/min/kg; n = 7) showed 61% and 85% reduction, respectively, compared with those of normal subjects (0.462 ± 0.048 ml/min/kg; n = 5; 41.72 ± 7.75 ml/min/kg; n = 5). Considering that indocyanine green and antipyrine are eliminated by different hepatic mechanisms, these mechanisms may not be equally sensitive to decrements in hepatic function. In addition, fractional reductions of intrinsic clearances for these compounds are thus much greater than that of effective hepatic blood flow.
Spontaneous Peritonitis And Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Peter E. Lipsky, John A. Hardin, Lionel Schour, Paul H. Plotz
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Primary Gram-positive bacterial peritonitis developed in three patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). These cases suggest a possible association between these two entities. Furthermore, they emphasize the importance of accurate diagnosis when evaluating abdominal symptoms in patients with SLE. (<i>JAMA</i>232:929-931, 1975)
Self pity will destroy you
Authors: Richard Smith
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Today I'm in old fart mode. I'm on my way to Stockton on Tees to don a gown and speak to students of the University of Durham who have completed the first phase of their medical course. In two weeks' time I'll do the same for students at St George's Hospital Medical School. It's an occupational hazard for old farts, particularly for those who venture into print with sententious advice to medical students ( BMJ 2003;327: 1430).

I'm feeling contrite because what I will say to the students is roughly what I've said before, but I'm wondering if I should add …
Regional lung function in ankylosing spondylitis.
Authors: R M Stewart, J B Ridyard, J D Pearson
Journal: Thorax (1976)

Xenon-133 was used to study regional pulmonary function in nine patients with chest cage rigidity due to ankylosing spondylitis. In comparison with normal subjects, the patients showed an overall diminution in lung volume and the proportion of inhaled xenon reaching the lung apices was reduced but the distribution of injected xenon was normal. The possible relationship between these findings and apical lung disease in ankylosing spondylitis is mentioned.
False-Positive I-131 Whole-Body Scan in Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma Caused by Frontal Sinus Mucocele
Authors: JUAN JOSE DUQUE, MARIA BEGOÑA MIGUEL, ENRIQUE RUIZ, LUIS CASTILLO, MANUEL CLAVER, MARIA JESUS RUBIO, JOSE IGNACIO CALVO, ANTONIO RODRIGUEZ, BELEN ZAMORA, CESAR CASADO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

A 42-year-old woman had a thyroidectomy and was being treated with radioiodine for follicular carcinoma. Pre- and post-treatment scans revealed only residual thyroid tissue. During a subsequent routine I-131 scan, a left supraorbital metastasis was considered possible, but the results of skull radiographs and planar bone scanning were inconclusive. CT and MRI revealed the presence of a mucocele in the left frontal sinus, which was confirmed through histologic examination. A false-positive result in an I-131 scan is always possible, especially in the presence of atypical uptake and when the serum level of thyroglobulin is within normal limits. FIGURE 1Fig. 1: A 42-year-old woman underwent total thyroidectomy for a follicular carcinoma located in the right thyroid lobe. (A) An ablative dose of 3 GBq (80mCi) I-131 was administered 2 months later and the results of her thyroid scan were unchanged. (B) One year later, a repeated scan performed with 370 MBq (10 mCi) I-131 revealed, to our surprise, an area of intensely increased uptake in the left supraorbital region that did not disappear despite exhaustive washing, thus eliminating the possibility of skin contamination. When questioned about this, the patient indicated that during the preceding year she experienced a mild continual headache in the left frontal area and increased tearing in the left eye. Serum levels of thyroglobulin continued to be less than 1 ng/ml. Skull radiographs showed increased density in the left frontal sinus. A Tc-99m MDP bone scan revealed increased activity in the left frontal sinus.FIGURE 2Fig. 2: The findings on MRI, T1 (left) and T2 (right), were consistent with a mucocele of the left frontal sinus. Histologic examination of the tissues removed confirmed the final diagnosis of mucocele. Although generally rare, potential explanations for a false-positive result of I-131 scan are varied and include physiologic (1) and pathologic reasons (2–4). In this case, focal uptake of I-131 in the left frontal region corresponded to a mucocele in the left frontal sinus, a lesion almost always resulting from inflammation (sinusitis) with accumulation of inflammatory exudates and mucous secreted by the hypertrophied glands and mucinous cells. Similar findings have been reported by Matheja and colleagues (5).
The Scintigraphic ???Duodenal Cut Off Sign??? in Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: DEAN J. SHANLEY, ARTHUR B. BUCKNER, HERBERT G. ALEXANDER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Acute pancreatitis is a dreaded complication of biliary calculus disease, and several radiographic signs have been reported in association with this condition. We report a new sign demonstrated on hepatobiliary scintigraphy, the duodenal cut off sign, seen in a patient being evaluated for stone disease and later found to have acute pancreatitis. Hepatobiliary scans are commonly performed during the initial evaluation of patients with suspected calculus disease, and visualization of this sign may indicate to the clinician that he is dealing with a more serious condition.
The Personality of the Alcoholic: Guises of Dependency
Authors: Donald W. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Somebody has said that in every fat man there is a thin one begging to be let free. The author of this book believes that in every alcoholic is a child with thwarted  needs.  All men are created dependent, the author holds, but some get over it more than others. Alcoholics are notoriously slow to get over it. whatever their behavior—whether angry or depressed, assertive or servile— unfulfilled dependency needs lie at the bottom of it. Effective treatment depends on the therapist recognizing these needs and responding appropriately.  Most of the book is devoted to elaboration on this theme and suggestions for appropriate therapeutic response. In support of his theory the author relies entirely on clinical observation by himself and others (rarely identifying the others). Although the proposition that alcoholics have a specific personality has been debated in psychiatry for years and been rejected by most current authorities, the
Hyperplasia of the Juxtaglomerular Complex with Hyperaldosteronism and Hypokalemic Alkalosis.
Authors: J. R. Gill
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963Hyperplasia of the Juxtaglomerular Complex with Hyperaldosteronism and Hypokalemic Alkalosis.J. R. Gill Jr., M.D. (Associate), F. C. Bartter, M.D., P. Pronove, M.D., R. C. MacCardle, Ph.D.J. R. Gill Jr., M.D. (Associate)Search for more papers by this author, F. C. Bartter, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, P. Pronove, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, R. C. MacCardle, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-740_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptHyperplasia and hypertrophy of the juxtaglomerular apparatus, and increased aldosterone production which hypokalemic alkalosis, have been found to be associated with normal blood pressure in 2 Negro boys, C. T. and M. W., ages 10 and 25 years, respectively. Growth and development were retarded in both patients, most markedly in C. J., who showed proportional dwarfism. Hypokalemia was known to be present at 5 years in C. J. and at 16 years in M. W. Serum potassium (K) and carbon dioxide (CO2) ranged from 1.3 to 2.2 mEq/liter and 29 to 37 mEq/liter, respectively; serum Na was also depressed. Urinary... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Bethesda, Md. (CI) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByBartter-Syndrom, 1962 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 740-740KeywordsAldosteroneBlood pressureCarbon dioxidePotassium Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF DownloadLoading ...
TOMOGRAPHIC DETECTION OF APICAL LEFT VENTRICULAR LEAD AND INFEROLATERAL SCAR PREDICT NON-RESPONSE TO CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY
Authors: Jack Rickard, Ahmad Masri, David Spragg, Patrick Tchou, Richard Grimm, Peyman Naji, Bruce Wilkoff, Milind Desai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Drug-resistance mechanisms and tuberculosis drugs
Authors: Claudio U Köser, Babak Javid, Kathleen Liddell, Matthew J Ellington, Silke Feuerriegel, Stefan Niemann, Nicholas M Brown, William J Burman, Ibrahim Abubakar, Nazir A Ismail, David Moore, Sharon J Peacock, M Estée Török
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
Interactions between stromal cell--derived keratinocyte growth factor and epithelial transforming growth factor in immune-mediated crypt cell hyperplasia.
Authors: M Bajaj-Elliott, R Poulsom, S L Pender, N C Wathen, T T MacDonald
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Immune reactions in the gut are associated with increased epithelial cell proliferation. Here we have studied the role of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; FGF7) and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) in the epithelial cell hyperplasia seen in explants of fetal human small intestine after activation of lamina propria T cells with the superantigen Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB). After the addition of SEB to the explants there is a 10-fold increase in KGF mRNA by 72 h of culture. KGF transcripts were abundant in the lamina propria using in situ hybridization and the culture supernatants contained elevated amounts of KGF protein. SEB had no direct effect on KGF mRNA and protein production by cultured lamina propria mesenchymal cells, but both were upregulated by TNF-alpha. Accompanying the increase in KGF there was also an increase in TGF-alpha precursor proteins in the culture supernatants and the phosphorylated form of the EGFR receptor was also detected in the tissue. Increased TGF-alpha precursor proteins were also detected in the supernatants of control explants stimulated with KGF alone. The direct addition of KGF and TGF-alpha enhanced epithelial cell proliferation and antibodies against KGF and TGF-alpha partially inhibited SEB-induced crypt hyperplasia. These results suggest molecular cross-talk between the KGF/KGFR and the TGF-alpha/EGFR in immune-mediated crypt cell hyperplasia.
Strategies To Reduce Postoperative Pulmonary Complications after Noncardiothoracic Surgery: Systematic Review for the American College of Physicians
Authors: Valerie A. Lawrence, John E. Cornell, Gerald W. Smetana
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Postoperative pulmonary complications are as frequent and clinically important as cardiac complications in terms of morbidity, mortality, and length of stay. However, there has been much less research and no previous systematic reviews of the evidence of interventions to prevent pulmonary complications.To systematically review the literature on interventions to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications after noncardiothoracic surgery.MEDLINE English-language literature search, 1 January 1980 through 30 June 2005, plus bibliographies of retrieved publications.Randomized, controlled trials (RCTs); systematic reviews; or meta-analyses that met predefined inclusion criteria.Using standardized forms, the authors abstracted data on study methods, quality, intervention and control groups, patient characteristics, surgery, postoperative pulmonary complications, and adverse events.The authors qualitatively synthesized, without meta-analysis, evidence from eligible studies. Good evidence (2 systematic reviews, 5 additional RCTs) indicates that lung expansion interventions (for example, incentive spirometry, deep breathing exercises, and continuous positive airway pressure) reduce pulmonary risk. Fair evidence suggests that selective, rather than routine, use of nasogastric tubes after abdominal surgery (2 meta-analyses) and short-acting rather than long-acting intraoperative neuromuscular blocking agents (1 RCT) reduce risk. The evidence is conflicting or insufficient for preoperative smoking cessation (1 RCT), epidural anesthesia (2 meta-analyses), epidural analgesia (6 RCTs, 1 meta-analysis), and laparoscopic (vs. open) operations (1 systematic review, 1 meta-analysis, 2 additional RCTs), although laparoscopic operations reduce pain and pulmonary compromise as measured by spirometry. While malnutrition is associated with increased pulmonary risk, routine total enteral or parenteral nutrition does not reduce risk (1 meta-analysis, 3 additional RCTs). Enteral formulations designed to improve immune status (immunonutrition) may prevent postoperative pneumonia (1 meta-analysis, 1 additional RCT).The overall quality of the literature was fair: Ten of 20 RCTs and 6 of 11 systematic reviews were good quality.Few interventions have been shown to clearly or possibly reduce postoperative pulmonary complications.
Environmental and biological monitoring of benzene during self-service automobile refueling.
Authors: P P Egeghy, R Tornero-Velez, S M Rappaport
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Although automobile refueling represents the major source of benzene exposure among the nonsmoking public, few data are available regarding such exposures and the associated uptake of benzene. We repeatedly measured benzene exposure and uptake (via benzene in exhaled breath) among 39 self-service customers using self-administered monitoring, a technique rarely used to obtain measurements from the general public (130 sets of measurements were obtained). Benzene exposures averaged 2.9 mg/m(3) (SD = 5.8 mg/m(3); median duration = 3 min) with a range of < 0.076-36 mg/m(3), and postexposure breath levels averaged 160 microg/m(3) (SD = 260 microg/m(3)) with a range of < 3.2-1,400 microg/m(3). Log-transformed exposures and breath levels were significantly correlated (r = 0.77, p < 0.0001). We used mixed-effects statistical models to gauge the relative influences of environmental and subject-specific factors on benzene exposure and breath levels and to investigate the importance of various covariates obtained by questionnaire. Model fitting yielded three significant predictors of benzene exposure, namely, fuel octane grade (p = 0.0011), duration of exposure (p = 0.0054), and season of the year (p = 0.032). Likewise, another model yielded three significant predictors of benzene concentration in breath, specifically, benzene exposure (p = 0.0001), preexposure breath concentration (p = 0.0008), and duration of exposure (p = 0.038). Variability in benzene concentrations was remarkable, with 95% of the estimated values falling within a 274-fold range, and was comprised entirely of the within-person component of variance (representing exposures of the same subject at different times of refueling). The corresponding range for benzene concentrations in breath was 41-fold and was comprised primarily of the within-person variance component (74% of the total variance). Our results indicate that environmental rather than interindividual differences are primarily responsible for benzene exposure and uptake during automobile refueling. The study also demonstrates that self-administered monitoring can be efficiently used to measure environmental exposures and biomarkers among the general public.