tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Ability of Echocardiography to Measure Acute Alterations in Left Ventricular Volume
Authors: D. R. REDWOOD, W. L. HENRY, S. E. EPSTEIN
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Measurement of acute serial changes in left ventricular volume is often desirable. Although left ventricular volumes estimated echocardiographically correlate well with results of angiographic methods, the sensitivity with which echocardiography can detect acute alterations in volume is unknown. Accordingly, the effect on transverse left ventricular dimension of interventions known to alter left ventricular volume (tilting and administration of nitroglycerin and phenylephrine) was studied in six normal subjects. Tilting significantly reduced end-diastolic dimension (from 48 ± 1.7 to 41.8 ± 1.5 mm, P &lt; .01) and end-systolic dimension (from 32.2 ± 0.6 to 27.5 ± 0.8 mm, P &lt; .001). Nitroglycerin also reduced end-diastolic dimension (from 44.8 ± 2.3 to 39.8 ± 2.1 mm, P &lt; .02) and end-systolic dimension (from 30.2 ± 1.3 to 26.5 ± 1.2, P &lt; .005). In contrast, phenylephrine increased end-diastolic dimension (from 42.3 ± 2.6 to 45.6 ± 2.6 mm, P &lt; .025) but did not significantly alter end-systolic dimension (from 28.9 ± 2.0 to 31.8 ± 2.9 mm). Mean rate of circumferential fiber shortening (mean Vcf) was not altered significantly by tilting or by phenylephrine, but was increased by nitroglycerin (from 1.3 ± 0.1 to 1.7 ± 0.1 circ/sec, P &lt; .005). In addition, a study of eight patients with chronic rheumatic mitral valve disease showed that there was a positive correlation between the percentage change in R-R intervals and the percentage change in transverse diastolic dimension ( y = .22 x - 10, r = 0.68). These results indicate that the anticipated changes in left ventricular volume are readily detected by echocardiography. Thus, this noninvasive technique may be uniquely valuable in situations in which it is desired to make serial measurements of left ventricular volume.
California Encephalitis Virus Infections in Children
Authors: Henry G. Cramblett
Journal: JAMA (1966)

A study was done on 15 children, 2 1/2 to 12 years of age, in whom serologic evidence of California encephalitis virus infection was demonstrated. All of the children had associated central nervous system illnesses, the majority of which were encephalitic in nature. Specimens from these children were studied for other viruses capable of causing similar disease, ie, mumps, herpes simplex, and enteroviruses, and were negative.
Tests to Detect Asymptomatic Urinary Tract Infections-Reply
Authors: John W. Bachman
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Our study reaffirms the value of Gram's stain. It is still the preferred test for same-day results in diagnosing AUTIs. We did not present data about low leukocyte counts and UTIs. In our preliminary analysis, we found that in our patient population even leukocyte counts less than 4 cells per high-power field were not discriminatory. The cost of a urine dipstick was 26 cents. It can be performed easily during the patient's visit and recorded directly in the medical record. In our practice, the price has been absorbed. A central laboratory that charges $11 does so to include the cost of such things as transport, laboratory personnel, paperwork, and pathologist supervision. A clinician may choose a less expensive and simpler approach. Another advantage is that the US Preventive Guidelines<sup>1</sup>call for urine dipstick testing for protein and glucose at each prenatal visit. If one adds the nitrite
The Postmortem Examination
Authors: Stanley Burrows
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Review of 252 autopsies on adult inpatients showed substantial differences between the major postmortem findings and the clinical diagnoses in 30 cases (11.9%). The clinical errors in at least half of these patients were of academic interest only. Errors in the diagnosis of malignant neoplasm occurred in 29 (25.7%) of 113 patients with cancer; however, all but three (2.7%) were of academic interest only. The results indicate that current diagnostic techniques may have decreased the value of the "routine" autopsy. Greater stress should be placed on the postmortem examination in selected cases rather than in a fixed percentage of deaths. (<i>JAMA</i>233:441-443, 1975)
147 EXCESSIVE REDUCTION IN HVPG IS PREDICTIVE OF MORTALITY AFTER TRANSJUGULAR INTRAHEPATIC PORTOSYSTEMIC SHUNT (TIPS)
Authors: S. Banerjee, G.D. Lang, A. Aronsohn, T. Van Ha, H. Te, N. Reau, G. Reddy, S. Mohanty, D. Jensen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION ENDPOINTS, IMPACT OF EVENT ADJUDICATION, AND TICAGRELOR EFFECTS IN THE PLATELET INHIBITION AND PATIENT OUTCOMES (PLATO) TRIAL
Authors: Kenneth W. Mahaffev, Daniel Wojdyla, Stefan James, Hugo Katus, Steen Husted, Philippe Steg, Christopher Cannon, Richard Becker, Claes Held, Nardev Khurmi, Debra Montgomery, Anders Himmelmann, Robert Harrington
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Increased allergen‐specific Th2 responses <i>in vitro</i> in atopic subjects receiving subclinical allergen challenge
Authors: S. Gabrielsson, S. Paulie, A. Roquet, E. Ihre, E. Lagging, M. van Hage‐Hamsten, B. Harfast, M. Troye‐Blomberg
Journal: Allergy (1997)

The study aimed to determine whether inhalation of subclinical allergen doses leads to a shift in the balance between T helper (Th) 1 and Th2 cells in asthmatic patients. Elevated IgE requires allergen‐specific T cells producing cytokines such as interleukin (IL)‐4 or 1L‐13. Interferon‐gamma (IFN‐y) produced by Till cells counteracts the effects of IL‐4. In nature, allergic persons are often exposed to low levels of allergen, leading to hyperreactivity, but not to acute allergic reactions. In this study, nine allergic persons inhaled low doses of allergen or placebo in a double‐blind manner over seven consecutive weekdays. During the study, the bronchial responsiveness to histamine challenge increased, but no subject exhibited asthmatic symptoms. Blood was drawn on days 0,1, 4, and 9, and the number of IL‐4– and IFN‐γ‐producing cells was measured by enzyme‐linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay after in vitro stimulation with a low‐dose phytohemagglutinin (PHA) mixed with the relevant allergen or with PHA alone. In three of the four subjects receiving allergen, the IL‐4/IFN‐y ratio increased during the time of the study. No increase was seen in the placebo group. No increase was seen in serum IgE levels in any of the groups. We conclude that a shift in the balance between Thl and Th2 cells can be detected in subjects exposed to subclinical allergen doses.
Global Burden of Diabetes, 1995–2025: Prevalence, numerical estimates, and projections
Authors: Hilary King, Ronald E Aubert, William H Herman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

To estimate the prevalence of diabetes and the number of people with diabetes who are > or =20 years of age in all countries of the world for three points in time, i.e., the years 1995, 2000, and 2025, and to calculate additional parameters, such as sex ratio, urban-rural ratio, and the age structure of the diabetic population.Age-specific diabetes prevalence estimates were applied to United Nations population estimates and projections for the number of adults aged > or =20 years in all countries of the world. For developing countries, urban and rural populations were considered separatelyPrevalence of diabetes in adults worldwide was estimated to be 4.0% in 1995 and to rise to 5.4% by the year 2025. It is higher in developed than in developing countries. The number of adults with diabetes in the world will rise from 135 million in 1995 to 300 million in the year 2025. The major part of this numerical increase will occur in developing countries. There will be a 42% increase, from 51 to 72 million, in the developed countries and a 170% increase, from 84 to 228 million, in the developing countries. Thus, by the year 2025, >75% of people with diabetes will reside in developing countries, as compared with 62% in 1995. The countries with the largest number of people with diabetes are, and will be in the year 2025, India, China, and the U.S. In developing countries, the majority of people with diabetes are in the age range of 45-64 years. In the developed countries, the majority of people with diabetes are aged > or =65 years. This pattern will be accentuated by the year 2025. There are more women than men with diabetes, especially in developed countries. In the future, diabetes will be increasingly concentrated in urban areas.This report supports earlier predictions of the epidemic nature of diabetes in the world during the first quarter of the 21st century. It also provides a provisional picture of the characteristics of the epidemic. Worldwide surveillance of diabetes is a necessary first step toward its prevention and control, which is now recognized as an urgent priority.
Caveolin-1 Regulates the Antagonistic Pleiotropic Properties of Cellular Senescence through a Novel Mdm2/p53-Mediated Pathway
Authors: Janine N. Bartholomew, Daniela Volonte, Ferruccio Galbiati
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

We show that caveolin-1 is a novel binding protein for Mdm2. After oxidative stress, caveolin-1 sequesters Mdm2 away from p53, leading to stabilization of p53 and up-regulation of p21(Waf1/Cip1) in human fibroblasts. Expression of a peptide corresponding to the Mdm2 binding domain of caveolin-1 is sufficient to up-regulate p53 and p21(Waf1/Cip1) protein expression and induce premature senescence. Oxidative stress-induced activation of the p53/p21(Waf1/Cip1) pathway and induction of premature senescence are compromised in caveolin-1 null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF). We also show that reintroduction of caveolin-1 in oncogenic Ras (Ras(G12V))-transformed fibroblasts, which express residual levels of caveolin-1, is sufficient to promote cellular senescence. Moreover, caveolin-1 expression in MEFs is required for senescent fibroblast-induced stimulation of cell growth and tumorigenesis of both Ras(G12V)-transformed fibroblasts and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer epithelial cells both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our results propose caveolin-1 as a key mediator of the antagonistic pleiotropic properties of cellular senescence.
A Two-Year Trial of Oleic and Erucic Acids (“Lorenzo's Oil”) as Treatment for Adrenomyeloneuropathy
Authors: Patrick Aubourg, Catherine Adamsbaum, Marie-Claude Lavallard-Rousseau, Francis Rocchiccioli, Nathalie Cartier, Isabelle Jambaque, Christine Jakobezak, Anne Lemaitre, Francois Boureau, Claude Wolf, Pierre-Francois Bougneres
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Adrenomyeloneuropathy is an X-linked recessive disorder characterized by myelopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and cerebral demyelination, which develop in association with the accumulation of very-long-chain fatty acids. The administration of oleic and erucic acids inhibits the synthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids. Recently such dietary treatment has been widely publicized as a possible cure for this disease.
The Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Database
Authors: R J Lilford
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The Cochrane Collaboration Annual subscription (pounds sterling )99 (institutional) (pounds sterling )57 (individual) Available on 3.5″ or 5.25″ disk from Update software, Oxford OX44 7QB

It is a sign of the times to be asked to review not a book but a computer database. This is welcome; books are often out of date even by the time they are published. The Cochrane Childbirth and Pregnancy Database (Previously the oxford Database) is a product of secondary research - research that is designed to find and analyse original research publications. that some secondary research in necessary should come as no surprise, given that most individual articles get lost in the mass of medical information. The authors of the database have made an immense contribution by pulling all of this together, and it is extremely useful both to clinicians and to researchers, as well as being very easy to use.

The information contained in structured reviews can provide a clear guide to clinical action. while some treatments - such as administering anti-D immunoglobulin to an Rh negative woman - have obvious advantages, the effects of other interventions …
Power Politics and IRB's
Authors: Karin Meyers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

To the Editor: In view of the ongoing debate regarding the composition of Institutional Review Boards (IRB's) and the relation of their structure to their task of providing protection for human research subjects,1 it may be instructive to consider some principles of group dynamics, particularly the role of power within the group setting. Group psychologists have found that the ability of a group to carry out its appointed function depends on the degree to which the members share a normative consensus, a set of ideas and sentiments to which they are motivationally and morally committed.2 Most important, researchers have discovered . . .
Connecting the dots from Toll-like receptors to innate immune cells and inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: David L. Boone, Averil Ma
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); CTL antigen-4 (CTLA-4); suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS); Src homology protein-1 (SHP-1); IL-10 receptor (IL-10R); Toll-like receptor (TLR); pathogen-associated molecular product
Impact of Systematic EGFR and KRAS Mutation Evaluation on Progression-Free Survival and Overall Survival in Patients with Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated by Erlotinib in a French Prospective Cohort (ERMETIC Project—Part 2)
Authors: Jacques Cadranel, Audrey Mauguen, Michele Faller, Gérard Zalcman, Marie-Pierre Buisine, Virginie Westeel, Elisabeth Longchampt, Marie Wislez, Bruno Coudert, Catherine Daniel, Bruno Chetaille, Stephane Michiels, Helene Blons, Jerome Solassol, Florence De Fraipont, Pascal Foucher, Thierry Urban, Ludovic Lacroix, Virginie Poulot, Elisabeth Quoix, Martine Antoine, Guillaume Danton, Franck Morin, Christos Chouaid, Jean-Pierre Pignon
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
Eplerenone Suppresses Constrictive Remodeling and Collagen Accumulation After Angioplasty in Porcine Coronary Arteries
Authors: Michael R. Ward, Peter Kanellakis, Debra Ramsey, John Funder, Alex Bobik
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Coronary artery angioplasty triggers healing that causes constrictive remodeling. Because collagen accumulation correlates with constrictive remodeling and aldosterone has been implicated in collagen accumulation, we examined how aldosterone and the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists spironolactone and eplerenone affect remodeling and collagen in porcine coronary and iliac arteries after angioplasty.Twenty-four pigs were allocated into 4 treatment groups: oral eplerenone (100 mg/d), oral spironolactone (200 mg/d), subcutaneous aldosterone (400 microgram/d), or no treatment. Twenty-eight days after angioplasty of the coronary arteries, eplerenone increased total vessel area by 30% (P<0.05) and luminal area by nearly 60% (P<0.05) compared with the no-treatment group, without affecting neointima size. These effects were accompanied by a 65% reduction in neointimal and medial collagen density (both P<0.05). Spironolactone was less effective, and aldosterone tended to exert opposite effects on coronary artery structure after angioplasty. These effects were not observed in angioplastied iliac arteries.Eplerenone attenuates constrictive remodeling after coronary artery angioplasty by mechanisms involving reduction in collagen accumulation, which thus appears to be an important contributor to constrictive remodeling of angioplastied coronary arteries.
1985 Year Book of Cardiology
Authors: Irwin R. Callen
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The "Year Books" have been a unique reference source over the years. The<i>1985 Year Book of Cardiology</i>is Year Book Medical Publishers' 25th-anniversary edition and the best one so far. Six editors were involved. I assume some or all of them worked with reviewers and abstractors who were the first to cull the 100,000 medical and surgical articles pertaining to cardiology and its subdivisions. Drs Harvey, Kirkendall, Kirklin, Nadas, Resnekov, and Sonnenblick have reviewed and edited the articles they deemed worthy of being included in this review book, which covers the 12 months ending December 1984. Three of these physicians, Drs Harvey, Kirklin, and Nadas, have been editors during the 25 years of this Year Book's existence. For Drs Kirklin and Nadas this one is their last. The cardiology Year Books have been popular. It is an impossible task to read all of the articles available in a given
Influence of CD34 cell selection on the incidence of mixed chimaerism and minimal residual disease after allogeneic unrelated donor transplantation
Authors: G Socié, JM Cayuela, B Raynal, H Esperou, X Fund, C Raffoux, A Devergie, P Ribaud, J-P Marolleau, N Parquet, F Sigaux, O Brison, E Gluckman
Journal: Leukemia (1998)
Interferon-<i>γ</i>-deficient mice are resistant to the development of alopecia areata
Authors: P. Freyschmidt-Paul, K.J. McElwee, R. Hoffmann, J.P. Sundberg, M. Vitacolonna, S. Kissling, M. Zöller
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Alopecia areata (AA) is a T-cell mediated putative autoimmune disease of hair follicles, which can be transferred by CD4(+) T cells. However, whether T-helper (Th) 1 or Th2 cytokines are predominant has not yet been defined.To elucidate the importance of Th1 cells in the pathogenesis of AA we investigated the functional role of interferon (IFN)-gamma in the experimental induction of AA.AA was experimentally induced by grafting full-thickness skin from AA-affected C3H/HeJ mice on to C3H/HeJ mice with a targeted deletion of the Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma gene (IFNgamma(-/-)) and on to wild-type mice (IFNgamma(+/+)).While 90% of wild-type mice developed AA, none of the IFNgamma(-/-) mice exhibited hair loss. Immunohistochemistry of skin sections revealed a dense perifollicular and intrafollicular infiltrate of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in controls, while in IFNgamma(-/-) mice skin-infiltrating CD8(+) T cells were absent and the number of CD4(+) cells was significantly reduced. Aberrant expression of major histocompatibility complex class I and II molecules in the putative immune-privileged infrainfundibular site of the hair follicle was found to be weaker in AA-resistant IFNgamma(-/-) mice than in control mice with AA. Flow cytometry revealed that leucocytes of IFNgamma(-/-) mice did not respond to the transfer of AA-affected skin. As distinct from IFNgamma(+/+) mice, neither T-cell activation markers nor Th1 cytokines were upregulated in draining lymph node cells or skin-infiltrating leucocytes of AA-resistant IFNgamma(-/-) mice. However, there was no evidence for a shift towards a Th2 cytokine profile, nor for upregulation of regulatory T cells in IFNgamma(-/-) mice.IFNgamma(-/-) mice fail to activate Th1 cells in response to the transplanted (auto)antigens, which suggests an essential requirement for IFN-gamma-mediated Th1 activation in the induction of AA.
SERCA2A GENE TRANSFER INHIBITS PROGRESSIVE LV REMODELING IN POST MI CHRONIC HEART FAILURE
Authors: Kiyotake Ishikawa, Jaume Aguero, Lisa Tilemann, Kho Changwon, Ahyoung Lee, Nadjib Hammoudi, Kenneth Fish, Roger Hajjar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Clinical networks are effective, work in patients' interests, and shouldn't be disbanded
Authors: Roger Boyle
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Clinical networks are an established part of National Health Service infrastructure. Over the past decade they have operated in specialist areas throughout the NHS in England and, in a different shape, in Scotland and Wales. They vary in form and function, from groups of interested clinicians who meet occasionally to more formal, managed clinical networks established for major conditions such as heart disease, cancer, and stroke.

These more formal networks bring coherence to clinical services for populations of 1.5-2 million, help centralise services, and try to standardise cost effective clinical pathways of care among institutions. They counterbalance the power of individual hospitals, which tend to try to retain business at the expense of optimal service configuration. The networks also provided a focus for local clinical leadership as national policies for major killing conditions were being implemented. The national service framework for coronary heart disease and the national stroke strategy were not conceived and delivered in Whitehall but drew from, and were delivered by, the grass roots of the NHS. The networks became part of a movement that developed and maintained service improvement. In time, this service improvement element was formalised under the umbrella of NHS Improvement, so that new learning as well as proved ideas …
Conjunctival cysts of the orbit
Authors: Michael H. Goldstein, Charles N.S. Soparkar, Robert C. Kersten, James C. Orcutt, James R. Patrinely, John Holds
Journal: Ophthalmology (1998)

ObjectiveThis study reviews functionally and anatomically disruptive features of simple conjunctival orbital cysts.DesignA case series review from four oculoplastic practices over 6 years.ParticipantsEleven patients with simple conjunctival cysts of the orbit were identified.InterventionAll cysts were excised and evaluated histopathologically.Main outcome measuresAssessment was made of the length of time from inciting event to presentation, preoperative and postoperative refractive state and ocular motility, the presence or absence of discomfort, and radiographic or clinical evidence of bone remodeling.ResultsSix of 11 cysts were presumed to be primary, unrelated to antecedent surgery or trauma. Four of 11 cysts were associated with pain or tenderness, 5 cysts induced ocular motility disturbance, 6 cysts caused observable globe distortion or refractive error change, and 6 cysts remodeled bone.ConclusionsSimple conjunctival cysts of the orbit, traditionally regarded as low-pressure lesions with minimal structural impact, may induce considerable anatomic and functional disruption.
Safe tissue grafts
Authors: D Fehily, R M Warwick
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Orthopaedic patients receiving transfusions may worry about the safety of the blood they receive but be blissfully unaware of the possible risks associated with the allograft bone in their femur or hip. Any fears about blood transfusion are largely unfounded. Blood donors in Britain are unremunerated volunteers who are carefully selected and screened by the National Blood Transfusion Service, and donated blood is processed and tracked in a highly regulated environment in which biannual inspections result in the issue of special licenses by the Medicine Control Agency.

Tissue banking in Britain is under no such quality control. In total hip replacements the femoral head, which would otherwise be discarded, may be banked for transplantation to other patients, most commonly in revision hip surgery.1 Cadavers provide an alternative source of donor bone. A tissue bank can be established by any organisation without regard to licensing, inspection, or adherence to any standards. There is evidence …