tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Failure of a Relatively Small Dose of Passively Administered Anti-Rh to Suppress Primary Immunization by a Relatively Large Dose of Rh-positive Red Cells
Authors: N. C. Hughes-Jones, P. L. Mollison
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Prevention of Rh-Immunization-Woodirow et al.MCDARIL SRA were seen in the two patients receiving approximately 1,000 /ug. of anti-D in the form of gammaglobulin intramuscularly.The evidence suggests that Rh immunization by quite large transplacental haemorrhage can be safely prevented by giving anti-D gammaglobulin.A cautious approach to the use of this method in dealing with Rh-incompatible transfusions in women before or during the child-bearing period seems justified.We would like to thank Professor J. A. Stallworthy, Mr. C. H. de Boer, Mr. S. E. Riterband, and Dr. M. M. Pickles for permission to publish details of cases under their care.Dr. J. Darnborough carried out the serological investigations in Case 4 and Mr. W. T. A. Donohoe those in Case 1
Primary Medical Care Evaluation
Authors: James A. Burdette
Journal: JAMA (1974)

A study design to compare and evaluate different systems of primary medical care delivery in the United States was devised. The concept of an "indicator case" (common in all systems of primary care) was used as a convenient way to sample and evaluate medical care delivery. Eight criteria, including both "cure" and "care" aspects, were used to measure and compare different primary care systems. Data were collected by a trained group of nurse-interviewers and very little of the physician's time was required. A unique aspect of this study is that it was conceived and worked out in detail over a five-year period cooperatively by a group of practicing physicians representing the American Academy of Family Physicians and experienced medical researchers from the School of Public Health of the University of North Carolina. (<i>JAMA</i>230:1668-1673, 1974)
A Plasmodium Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase Controls Zygote Development and Transmission by Translationally Activating Repressed mRNAs
Authors: Sarah Sebastian, Mathieu Brochet, Mark O. Collins, Frank Schwach, Matthew L. Jones, David Goulding, Julian C. Rayner, Jyoti S. Choudhary, Oliver Billker
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2012)

SummaryCalcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) play key regulatory roles in the life cycle of the malaria parasite, but in many cases their precise molecular functions are unknown. Using the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei, we show that CDPK1, which is known to be essential in the asexual blood stage of the parasite, is expressed in all life stages and is indispensable during the sexual mosquito life-cycle stages. Knockdown of CDPK1 in sexual stages resulted in developmentally arrested parasites and prevented mosquito transmission, and these effects were independent of the previously proposed function for CDPK1 in regulating parasite motility. In-depth translational and transcriptional profiling of arrested parasites revealed that CDPK1 translationally activates mRNA species in the developing zygote that in macrogametes remain repressed via their 3′ and 5′UTRs. These findings indicate that CDPK1 is a multifunctional protein that translationally regulates mRNAs to ensure timely and stage-specific protein expression.Highlights•CDPK1 is an abundant kinase of invasive and noninvasive life-cycle stages•It functions in gametocyte emergence and zygote-to-ookinete transformation•CDPK1 mediates transcriptional activation of some silenced mRNAs in the zygote•CDPK1 is crucial for the mosquito transmission of P. berghei
From gametogenesis and stem cells to cancer: common metabolic themes
Authors: Sandro L. Pereira, Ana Sofia Rodrigues, Maria Inês Sousa, Marcelo Correia, Tânia Perestrelo, João Ramalho-Santos
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2014)

Both pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) and cancer cells have been described as having similar metabolic pathways, most notably a penchant for favoring glycolysis even under aerobiosis, suggesting common themes that might be explored for both stem cell differentiation and anti-oncogenic purposes.A search of the scientific literature available in the PubMed/Medline was conducted for studies on metabolism and mitochondrial function related to gametogenesis, early development, stem cells and cancers in the reproductive system, notably breast, prostate, ovarian and testicular cancers.Both PSCs and some types of cancer cells, particularly reproductive cancers, were found to obtain energy mostly by glycolysis, often reducing mitochondrial activity and oxidative phosphorylation. This strategy links proliferating cells, allowing for the biosynthesis reactions necessary for cell division. Interventions that affect metabolic pathways, and force cells to change their preferences, can lead to shifts in cell status, increasing either pluripotency or differentiation of stem cells, and causing cancer cells to become more or less aggressive. Interestingly metabolic changes in many cases seemed to lead to cell transformation, not necessarily follow it, suggesting a direct role of metabolic choices in influencing the (epi)genetic program of different cell types.There are uncanny similarities between PSCs and cancer cells at the metabolic level. Furthermore, metabolism may also play a direct role in cell status and targeting metabolic pathways could therefore be a promising strategy for both the control of cancer cell proliferation and the regulation of stem cell physiology, in terms of manipulating stem cells toward relevant phenotypes that may be important for tissue engineering, or making cancer cells become less tumorigenic.
Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale
Authors: Elizabeth R. Brown
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Dr T. Berry Brazelton has, almost single-handedly, awakened the pediatric community to the competency of the newborn infant to respond to environmental stimuli. Before publication of Dr Brazelton's excellent studies, which formed the basis for the development of the National Behavioral Assessment Scale, newborn infants were considered passive recipients of environmental stimuli. The NBAS has helped both care givers and parents to see the infant's cognitive and affective responsiveness. This text is, in essence, a manual describing the correct methodology for adminstration of the NBAS. It is of primary interest to pediatricians, nurses, psychologists, and other professionals who use the scale for either clinical or research purposes. The introductory chapter by Dr Brazelton presents the rationale behind newborn behavioral assessment. The major portion of the text details the proper way to administer each of the 37 scale items as well as a battery of elicited neurological responses. The descriptions are
Reliable High-Speed Coronary Computed Tomography in Symptomatic Patients
Authors: Annick C. Weustink, Willem B. Meijboom, Nico R. Mollet, Masato Otsuka, Fransesca Pugliese, Carlos van Mieghem, Roberto Malago, Niels van Pelt, Marcel L. Dijkshoorn, Filippo Cademartiri, Gabriel P. Krestin, Pim J. de Feyter
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Homocysteine Levels, Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) Activity, and Cardiovascular Risk—Reply
Authors: Stephen J. Nicholls
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Contribution of androgens to the gender difference in leptin production in obese children and adolescents.
Authors: M Wabitsch, W F Blum, R Muche, M Braun, F Hube, W Rascher, E Heinze, W Teller, H Hauner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Recent studies demonstrated significantly higher serum leptin concentrations in females as compared with males, even after correction for differences in body fat mass. The aim of our study was to measure serum leptin concentrations in a large group of obese children and adolescents to determine the possible role of sex steroid hormones on both leptin serum concentrations and production in human adipocytes. Obese girls were found to have significantly higher leptin concentrations than boys at the same degree of adiposity (25.2+/-14.1 vs. 17.2+/-12.6 ng/ml, P < 0.001). In a multiple regression analysis with age and body mass index (percent body fat) as fixed variables, it turned out that testosterone had a potent negative effect on serum leptin in boys, but not in girls. In vitro experiments using newly developed human adipocytes in primary culture showed that both testosterone and its biologically active metabolite dihydrotestosterone are able to reduce leptin secretion into the culture medium by up to 62%. Using a semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR method, testosterone was found to suppress leptin mRNA to a similar extent. These results suggest that, apart from differences in body fat mass, the higher androgen concentrations in obese boys are responsible for the lower leptin serum concentrations compared with obese girls.
Two Variants Noted on Radiogallium Imaging
Authors: RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Two variants observed during radiogallium Imaging are presented. In one, soft tissue uptake was enhanced at sites of external tissue overlap. In the lower abdomen, this produced a “bathing trunks” appearance. The second variant was a result of bone uptake of radiogallium in the vertebral column. With severe scoliosis, the vertebral column appears to cross the sternum, producing a “hook” appearance.
The Clinical Presentation of <i>Fusobacterium</i>-Positive and Streptococcal-Positive Pharyngitis in a University Health Clinic
Authors: Robert M. Centor, T. Prescott Atkinson, Amy E. Ratliff, Li Xiao, Donna M. Crabb, Carlos A. Estrada, Michael B. Faircloth, Lisa Oestreich, Jeremy Hatchett, Walid Khalife, Ken B. Waites
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Pharyngitis guidelines focus solely on group A β-hemolytic streptococcal infection. European data suggest that in patients aged 15 to 30 years, Fusobacterium necrophorum causes at least 10% of cases of pharyngitis; however, few U.S. data exist.To estimate the prevalence of F. necrophorum; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; and group A and C/G β-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis and to determine whether F. necrophorum pharyngitis clinically resembles group A β-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis.Cross-sectional.University student health clinic.312 students aged 15 to 30 years presenting to a student health clinic with an acute sore throat and 180 asymptomatic students.Polymerase chain reaction testing from throat swabs to detect 4 species of bacteria and signs and symptoms used to calculate the Centor score.Fusobacterium necrophorum was detected in 20.5% of patients and 9.4% of asymptomatic students. Group A β-hemolytic streptococcus was detected in 10.3% of patients and 1.1% of asymptomatic students. Group C/G β-hemolytic streptococcus was detected in 9.0% of patients and 3.9% of asymptomatic students. Mycoplasma pneumoniae was detected in 1.9% of patients and 0 asymptomatic students. Infection rates with F. necrophorum, group A streptococcus, and group C/G streptococcus increased with higher Centor scores (P < 0.001).The study focused on a limited age group and took place at a single institution. Asymptomatic students-rather than seasonal control participants-and a convenience sample were used.Fusobacterium necrophorum-positive pharyngitis occurs more frequently than group A β-hemolytic streptococcal-positive pharyngitis in a student population, and F. necrophorum-positive pharyngitis clinically resembles streptococcal pharyngitis.University of Alabama at Birmingham and the Justin E. Rodgers Foundation.
Counselling and consent in vasectomy
Authors: S. Rowlands
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

RSM, pp.38±42) is that the therapeutic effect of leeches is due not to the amount of blood ingested but to continued bleeding after their detachment.Their saliva contains the most potent natural anticoagulant known (hirudin) and a histamine-like vasodilator that promotes local bleeding, a local anaesthetic and hyaluronidase that enhances the spread of other salivary secretions into the bite wound 1 .Blood loss after prolonged use of leeches must be monitored.Leeches must also be prevented from `wandering' or attaching to normal or better perfused tissues.
Prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus among patients with cryptogenic chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis
Authors: Lennox J. Jeffers, Fuad Hasan, Maria de Medina, Rajender Reddy, Talley Parker, Marcelo Silva, Leonardo Mendez, Eugene R. Schiff, Michael Manns, Michael Houghton, Qui-Lim Choo, George Kuo
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Many cases of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis cannot be attributed to a known cause and are collectively referred to as cryptogenic chronic liver disease. We have evaluated the role of the hepatitis C virus in the pathogenesis of this condition in a retrospective serum analysis for antibody to hepatitis C virus in 129 patients with cryptogenic liver disease. Other causes of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis were ruled out by clinical, serum biochemical and serological techniques. All 129 patients were HBcAg negative, but 28 (22%) had antibody to HBcAg. Sera were tested by radioimmunoassays using recombinant peptides for antibodies to nonstructural (C100-3 and C33c) and structural regions (C22) of HCV. Among the 129 patients, 61 (47%) had antibody to C100-3, 76 (59%) had antibody to C33c and 74 (57%) had antibody to C22. Seventy-nine (61%) were reactive with at least one and 76 (59%) were reactive with at least two HCV peptides (this is the criterion used for hepatitis C virus antibody reactivity). A proportion of patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis (55 of 91; 60%) similar to that of patients without cirrhosis (21 of 38; 55%) had hepatitis C virus antibody. No significant clinical, serum biochemical or histological differences were noted between the group of patients with hepatitis C virus antibody and those without this antibody reactivity. Thus more than half the patients with cryptogenic chronic liver disease had hepatitis C virus antibody, suggesting that chronic HCV infection plays a major role in the origin of cryptogenic chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis.
Remission of scleroderma during chemotherapy for lymphoma.
Authors: M Comer, A R Harvey
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

Temporary remission of scleroderma during the successful treatment of an associated malignant lymphoma by chemotherapy is reported in a patient with systemic sclerosis and mixed connective tissue disease. There is a well established relation between malignant disease and polymyositis/dermatomyositis but no overall association with systemic sclerosis or mixed connective tissue disease. Reports of the coexistence of malignancy and systemic sclerosis, however, emphasise a close temporal relation in their occurrence. A review of published work has identified several postulated mechanisms for this relation which may explain the response to chemotherapy.
Fetal Heart Rate Response to Maternal Exertion-Reply
Authors: Stanley P. Sady
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> We share the opinion of Dr Smith that additional studies are required to understand fully the effect of maternal exertion on fetal homeostasis. Two issues mentioned by Dr Smith require clarification, however. First, cycle ergometry was used because of its reproducibility and its relative freedom from weight-bearing effects: an issue during pregnancy. Neither the combined effect of arm and leg exercise nor the effect of maximal exercise with the arms alone was examined in our study. Both would be of interest and might contribute to an understanding of postexercise fetal bradycardia. Second, we found that marked fatigue in our subjects made ambulation to a couch difficult immediately after peak exertion. We therefore had our subjects perform five minutes of low-resistance cycling during this cool-down period. All episodes of fetal bradycardia occurred within three minutes of exercise cessation, when all mothers were still upright on the cycle. No
A Prospective Study of the Role of Cytomegalovirus in Post-Transfusion Mononucleosis
Authors: Keay M. Foster, Ian Jack
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

After open-heart surgery post-transfusion mononucleosis developed in six patients who had had cytomegalovirus complement-fixing (CMV-CF) antibody before operation. Three of them showed an appreciable antibody rise during the episode of mononucleosis, and cytomegalovirus was isolated from the leukocytes of another two. One donor to a patient with mononucleosis and cytomegalovirus in the blood had a rising CMV-CF antibody titer. This donor, it is suggested, may have been viremic at the time of donating blood and that he constituted an exogenous source of virus. The cytomegalovirus in the blood of patients experiencing post-transfusion mononucleosis may be of endogenous as well as of exogenous derivation. It is questionable whether cytomegalovirus was responsible for the hematologic changes observed.
Two New Textbooks in Medicine
Authors: Lester S King
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The task of textbook writers and editors is becoming increasingly more difficult. They face progressively more troublesome problems in choosing the level of exposition, selecting material and providing suitable emphasis and evaluation. Of current medical texts some are comprehensive and try to cover all of medicine; others restrict themselves to a particular area. Some try to give almost encyclopedic coverage; others are content to provide only the essentials. Some are large, others are much larger. Virtually none are small. The two new textbooks of medicine which arrived at this editor's desk on the same day have many things in common and also many points of divergence. One of the features they share is a dissatisfaction with previous textbooks of medicine. Both new texts try new approaches. <i>Internal Medicine Based on Mechanisms of Disease</i>is carefully designed for a specific audience. The editors have recognized that the conventional texts, with their
Circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Survival in Patients With Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Kimmie Ng, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Kana Wu, Diane Feskanich, Bruce W. Hollis, Edward L. Giovannucci, Charles S. Fuchs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Higher plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) (25(OH)D) levels are associated with a decreased incidence of colorectal cancer, but the influence of plasma 25(OH)D on the outcome of patients with established colorectal cancer is unknown.We prospectively examined the association between prediagnosis 25(OH)D levels and mortality among 304 participants in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS) who were diagnosed with colorectal cancer from 1991 to 2002. Participants diagnosed within 2 years of blood collection were excluded. Patients were observed until death, June 2005 (NHS), or January 2005 (HPFS), whichever came first. The primary end point was overall mortality. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) adjusted for other risk factors for cancer survival.Higher plasma 25(OH)D levels were associated with a significant reduction in overall mortality (P for trend = .02). Compared with the lowest quartile, participants in the highest quartile had an adjusted HR of 0.52 (95% CI, 0.29 to 0.94) for overall mortality. A trend toward improved colorectal cancer-specific mortality was also seen (HR = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.31 to 1.19). The results remained unchanged after excluding patients diagnosed within 5 years of blood collection (P for trend = .04); the multivariate HR for overall mortality comparing extreme quartiles was 0.45 (95% CI, 0.19 to 1.09).Among patients with colorectal cancer, higher prediagnosis plasma 25(OH)D levels were associated with a significant improvement in overall survival. Further study of the vitamin D pathway and its influence on colorectal carcinogenesis and cancer progression is warranted.
Regional left ventricular mechanics in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Authors: S Betocchi, O M Hess, M A Losi, H Nonogi, H P Krayenbuehl
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Nonuniformity is a determinant of diastolic function. In patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypertrophy, abnormal calcium handling, and regional ischemia can also play a role. This study was designed to assess regional mechanics, asynchrony, and asynergy in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS Nine control subjects and 22 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were studied by biplane left ventriculography and high-fidelity pressure tracings for the assessment of diastolic function by computing the time constant of isovolumic relaxation, peak filling rate, and the constant of passive chamber stiffness. Regional mechanics were evaluated by dividing the left ventricle into six sectors in the right and left anterior oblique projections. Systolic and diastolic asynchrony were assessed from the coefficient of variation of the regional time intervals from end diastole to end systole and to peak filling rate, respectively. Asynergy was evaluated from the coefficient of variation of the regional area reduction. Regional passive elastic properties were estimated by computing the regional constant of chamber stiffness. In patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, isovolumic relaxation was prolonged (time constant of isovolumic relaxation 101 +/- 41 versus 51 +/- 16 milliseconds in control subjects; P &lt; .001) and the constant of chamber stiffness was increased (0.056 +/- 0.038 versus 0.025 +/- 0.010 mL-1; P &lt; .001). Both systolic and diastolic asynchrony as well as asynergy were found. Regional mechanics showed hyperkinesia in the free wall, whereas the septum exhibited normal wall motion and increased constant of chamber stiffness. CONCLUSIONS Diastolic function is impaired in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and such an impairment is the consequence of nonuniformity and hypertrophy. The regions where the myopathic process is more pronounced show normal wall motion but increased stiffness. The inhomogeneity of regional wall motion with regional hyperkinesia and normokinesia of neighboring regions results in left ventricular asynergy.
Dietary fibre, sodium, and blood pressure.
Authors: P M Dodson
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Sewage treatment SIR,-The aim of conventional sewage treat- ment in this country is more limited than was suggested in your leading article (26 January, p 206) "No sewage in the streets."It is to reduce suspended solids and biochemical oxygen demand, although a concomitant improvement in the chemical and microbiological quality of the effluent can be expected.Some chemicals will go through the plant virtually unchanged and may find their way into water supplies.For this reason dual water supplies incorporating a small highly purified supply for drinking are desirable.Incidentally, the Aberdeen typhoid out- break occurred because of contamination when the Argentinian factory used untreated river water for cooling cans of meat after a breakdown in the chlorination plant.