tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 717: The diterpenoid lactone andrographolide (andro) induces apoptosis in all- trans-retinoic-acid (ATRA) resistant acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cell lines: Potential therapeutic implications
Authors: Shuo Yang, Andrew M. Evens, Sheila Prachand, Amareshwar T.K. Singh, Savita Bhalla, Leonidas Platanias, Leo I. Gordon
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Andro is a diterpenoid lactone isolated from Andrographis paniculata, an important herbal medicine used in Asia to treat a range of diseases, (respiratory infection, fever, diarrhea). Andro is the major bioactive component extracted from Andrographis paniculata. The three hydroxyls at C-3, C-19 and C-14 are responsible for its biological activities. Recently, the anti-cancer properties of Andro have been recognized, and we found that Andro results in mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in lymphoma cell lines and fresh malignant cells from patients with lymphoma. Based on the mechanism of action of this novel diterepenoid lactone and a prior report (Manikam et al Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacol 2009, 61:69), we hypothesized that Andro may have activity in APL. The cell differentiation inducing agent all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) combined with chemotherapy has become standard first-line treatment for APL through a mechanism that involves cell differentiation, but recent data suggest that ATRA alone or ATRA and arsenic trioxide, which induces apoptosis by degradation of the chimeric fusion protein PML-RARα, may replace ATRA/chemotherapy as initial treatment. Because Andro appears to work through a different mechanism than ATRA, we utilized ATRA-sensitive NB4, ATRA-resistant NB4 (NB4-007/6 and NB4-306) cell lines to test the in-vitro anti-leukemia effect of Andro on APL cells by measuring cell viability (MTT assay), apoptosis (Annexin V-FITC/PI, FACS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) (TMRE/ FACS), cell differentiation (CD11B staining/FACS) and signaling pathways (Western blot). We found that Andro reduced APL cell viability, MMP and increased apoptosis in a time &amp; dose-dependent manner. Moreover ATRA-resistant NB4-007/6 or NB4-306 cell lines were more sensitive to Andro compared with the ATRA-sensitive NB4 cell line. We found that the mechanism of Andro activity is not related to cell differentiation as measured by CD11b. In order to interrogate signaling pathways involved, we studied p27kip1 and FasL expression and found that Andro resulted in up-regulation of both. One of the forkhead box O (FOXO) proteins, FOXO1, a transcription factor, also demonstrated increased phosphorylation at Thr24 at 1h, 3h, and 24h Andro, but reduced phosphorylation at Thr24 at 6h and 16h. Taken together, these data suggest that Andro may have activity in patients with ATRA-resistant APL by a mechanism of action that is distinct from ATRA. Thus, further studies of diterpenoid lactones in APL are warranted. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 717.
Caecal pH and ammonia in experimental uraemia.
Authors: E Bourke, M D Milne, G S Stokes
Journal: Gut (1966)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS This paper describes the effect on the pH, ammonia, and urea content of the caecum in rabbits made uraemic by bilateral nephrectomy.The considerable quantities of free ammonia present are considered in relation to uraemic colitis in man.
Control parameters, equilibria, and coordination dynamics
Authors: Dagmar Sternad, M. T. Turvey
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Important similarities exist between the dynamical concepts implicit in Feldman &amp; Levin's extended λ model and those basic to a dynamical systems approach. We argue that careful application of the key concepts of control and order parameters, equilibria, and stability, can relate known facts of neuromuscular processes to the observables of functional, task-specific behavior.
THE ETIOLOGY OF EOSINOPHILIC PLEURAL EFFUSION
Authors: N. E. CLARKE
Journal: JAMA (1922)

In consideration of the frequency of pleural effusion in general, it is surprising that so few cases of pleural effusion with a large number of eosinophils have been reported in the literature. It is surprising also that the tubercle bacillus as the etiologic agent in these cases has never been isolated from the exudate. Bayne— Jones<sup>1</sup>states that this condition occurs in about 1 to 5 per cent, of all pleural effusions, as determined by investigators applying constant methods to cases in series. Schwartz<sup>2</sup>compiled sixty-eight cases from the literature in his monograph on the subject of eosinophilia. Klein<sup>3</sup>has reported two cases. One was a right-sided pleural effusion following an operation for hemorrhoids, the necropsy revealing septic, thrombosed hemorrhoidal veins, which were believed by the prosector to have been the source of the pleural infection. A second case followed stab wounds in the chest, which resulted
[787] THE REDUCTION OF BOTH CYCLOPHILIN B AND HCV-RNA BY THE CYCLOPHILIN INHIBITOR DEBIO-025 CONFIRMS THE IMPORTANCE OF CYCLOPHILIN B FOR HCV REPLICATION IN MAN
Authors: P. Gallav, R. Flisiak, A. Horban, C. Aeschlimann, J.M. Dutnont, H. Porchet, P. Scalfaro, R. Crabbe
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Abstract 2187: Plk2 loss and mTOR signaling in advanced colorectal cancer
Authors: Elizabeth M. Matthew, Zhaohai Yang, Wafik S. El-Deiry
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Dysregulated cell growth and proliferation can promote tumorigenesis. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a central promotor of cell growth and proliferation, is inhibited by Tuberous Sclerosis Complex 1 (TSC1) protein. Polo-like kinases (Plk) 1 &amp; 2 are downstream molecules in the p53 pathway. TSC1 is known to interact with Plk1 in a cell cycle-regulated, phosphorylation-dependent manner. Recently we found that Plk2 impacts mTOR signaling in the same manner as TSC1, and human lung tumor cells deficient in Plk2 grew significantly larger than control tumor cells. We hypothesized that Plk2 functions as a tumor suppressor protein and seek to investigate Plk2 function as it relates to mTOR signaling and tumor suppression. Design: This is a pilot study. Archived pathology specimens from 6 advanced colorectal adenocarcinomas (stages III &amp; IV) were retrieved, and immunohistochemical staining for phosphorylated mTOR (serine 2448), phosphorylated ribosomal S6 (Serine 235/236), Plk2, p53, Ki67, and glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) were performed. The staining pattern was analyzed. Results: Plk2 is expressed in normal colon epithelium, with a punctate staining pattern in the supranuclear region. In colorectal adenocarcinoma, Plk2 demonstrates partial loss of expression, complete loss of expression, or disrupted expression manifested as irregular or abnormal localization. Loss of Plk2 expression is more pronounced in the invasive front in some cases. mTOR shows strong expression in the invasive front, which is presumed to be less hypoxic. Phosphorylated S6 and Glut1 expression partially correlate with phosphorylated mTOR expression but appears more diffuse in some cases. p53 and Ki67 expression is diffuse, rather than specific to the tumor invasive front in the subset of cases examined. Conclusion: Our results support the hypothesis that Plk2 functions as a tumor suppressor molecule. Loss of Plk2 expression along with accentuated expression of phosphorylated mTOR, phosphorylated S6, and Glut1 at the invasive front at least in some advanced colorectal carcinomas suggest that interaction between Plk2 and TSC1 / mTOR signaling molecules plays a role in tumor progression during hypoxic condition. Further study with a larger number of tumor samples and tumor cell lines is needed to confirm the above findings. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2187. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2187
New findings on H1N1 vaccine prompt revised prescribing advice
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2011)

New findings on the suspected link between the H1N1 vaccine Pandemrix and narcolepsy in children and adolescents have prompted the European Medicines Agency to recommend interim changes to its product information.

The findings in question are the preliminary results of a Swedish registry study of a group of children and adolescents aged under 20 years who received Pandemrix between October 2009 and December 2010. The number of cases of narcolepsy in this group was four times the number in an unvaccinated group of the same age (4.1 cases per 100 000 …
Dermatophilus congolensis human infection
Authors: Loan Towersey, Eunice de Castro Soares Martins, Alberto Thomaz Londero, Roderick James Hay, Porphirio José Soares Filho, Cristina Maeda Takiya, Cláudio César Martins, Olga Fischman Gompertz
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1993)
Heart Disease and Sports
Authors: Paul R. Lurie
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I wish to comment on the answer of Dwight E. Harken, M.D., to E. G. Olmstead, M.D., regarding rheumatic heart disease and sports (<i>JAMA</i><b>179</b>:919 [March 17] 1962). This is an example of a situation in which an apparently safe, conservative course of action by the physician can do harm. The sudden prohibition of participation in strenuous activities which are part of his normal way of life will traumatize this 18-year-old boy severely. It can be justified only on a temporary basis if there is clear evidence of active rheumatic carditis. Even real aortic insufficiency which is well compensated is not a contraindication to competitive sports. In this case, we have not adequate information on which to state that there is significant aortic insufficiency (such as a statement of blood pressure). Perhaps he has a congenital bicuspid aortic valve with hardly any regurgitation, which has been
Effect of age on thickness of adult patellar articular cartilage.
Authors: G Meachim, G Bentley, R Baker
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1977)

The thickness of left patellar articular cartilages after formalin fixation was studied in a series of autopsies on 82 subjects aged 25-96 years. For each specimen the minimal uncalcified cartilage thickness in a transverse patellar slab was determined separately for a 'lateral' segment and a 'central and medial' segment. In the women the cartilage from subjects more than 50 years old showed progressive thinning with increasing age. This was due to lesions causing disintegration of the tissue and not to matrix shrinkage. It had a strong potential to progress to full-thickness cartilage loss in the older women, and to give an appearance indistinguishable from osteoarthrosis as seen in surgical excision specimens. This progression towards patellofemoral osteoarthrosis in the elderly affects the female population generally, and not just a special subgroup; however, the incidence of clinical symptoms from this cause is not known. In men progressive thinning with age of patellar cartilage in subjects more than 50 years old was less severe, especially so in the case of the 'lateral' segment; a site of full-thickness uncalcified cartilage loss on the left patella at autopsy was seen only occasionally in the older men.
Anatomischer Atlas des menschlichen Körpers. Band I: Knochenlehre, Gelenk- und Bänderlehre, Muskellehre. Band II: Eingeweidelehre, innersekretorische Drüsen, Herz. Band III: Nervensystem, Angiologie, Sinnesorgane.
Authors: Eugene W. Scheldrup
Journal: JAMA (1963)

This anatomic atlas, in three volumes, is the thirteenth edition of a work that has, since the publication of its first volume in Hungarian in 1946, subsequently had editions in German, Russian-Bulgarian, Chinese, English, and Spanish. The work is arranged systematically as follows: volume I— Osteology, Syndesmology, and Myology; volume II—Splanchnology, Endocrine Glands, and Heart; volume III—Nervous System, Angiology, and Sense Organs. For the student in the dissection room, a three-volume work is rather unwieldy. A single volume work, such as the Grant atlas, which treats the material regionally, or the Wolf-Heidegger atlas, which treats it systematically, is preferable. There are a total of 803 figures, most of them in color, which are attractively produced on a good grade of paper. Many of these illustrations have been made from special dissections of original preparations. The color reproductions are superior to those found in the Spalteholz atlas, but they lack the
The expiratory capnogram: a measure of ventilation-perfusion inequalities.
Authors: B I Hoffbrand
Journal: Thorax (1966)

Current methods of estimating ventilation- perfusion imbalance using radioactive gases (Dollery and Hugh-Jones, 1963), although giving regional localization, require exceptional technical resources, as does the single breath technique of West, Fowler, Hugh-Jones, and O'Donnell (1957).These methods also suffer the disadvantage that the respiratory manceuvres involved, such as breath-holding, may of themselves alter the ventilation-perfusion ratios (Briscoe, 1962).The method of Riley, Cournand, and Donald (1951) gives a measure of overall 'wasted' ventilation and perfusion (physiological dead-space and shunt, respectively) and avoids this latter disadvantage but requires arterial blood gas analysis.The non-uniformity of expired carbon dioxide in emphysema has been known for many years (Roelsen, 1939).This scatter of expired carbon dioxide concentration (expiratory capnogram) is attributable to imbalance between alveolar venti- lation and pulmonary capillary perfusion, different areas of lung having different carbon dioxide levels at end-inspiration and emptying asynchronously during expiration (Marshall, Bates, and Christie, 1952; Comroe, Forster, DuBois, Briscoe, and Carlsen, 1962).It has been suggested that the expiratory capnogram could be of value in the diagnosis of emphysema (Dorn- horst, Semple, and Young, 1953) and of ventila- tion-perfusion imbalance in general (Comroe et al., 1962).Kelsey, Oldham, and Horvath (1962), analysing the expiratory capnogram qualitatively, found that it was indeed of use in the diagnosis of chronic non-specific lung disease and could relate abnormal curves to certain conventional lung function test abnormalities.It was decided, in view of the need for a relatively simple test of overall ventilation- perfusion imbalance, to investigate the expiratory capnogram further.
Claim that “smart” weapons pose little risk to civilians is “absurd”
Authors: Tessa Smallwood
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Claims by the military that “smart” weapons are precision instruments that allow the waging of war with little risk to civilians are “totally absurd,” said Dominick Jenkins, a research affiliate at Cambridge University. He was speaking at a meeting in London last week convened by the Royal Society of Medicine's catastrophes and conflict forum.

Although new discriminating weapons can be deployed within minutes from remote sites, their effectiveness and safety with respect to “collateral damage” depends entirely on the quality of intelligence and communication that underpins the decision to use them, the forum heard.

War waged at a distance increased the risk of mistakes, said Michael Clark, director of the International Policy Institute at King's College, London, and raised questions about who takes legal and moral responsibility for its conduct.

Smart weapons have made war safer for the military but have …
Seizure Disorders Among Prisoners-Reply
Authors: Lambert King
Journal: JAMA (1978)

We generally agree with the caveats of Dr Bader and Dr French regarding the use of anticonvulsant prescription rates in estimating the prevalence of seizure disorders among prisoners. In some institutions there is a tendency for prisoners to be overmedicated. At one maximum-security institution cited and discussed in our article, 6% of the population were using prescribed anticonvulsants. At three other institutions of similar size, there was close agreement between the rates (1.7%, 1.8%, and 1.9%) of anticonvulsants prescribed. These latter rates are in close agreement with the 1.8% rate of epilepsy by physician diagnoses in studies of the North Carolina prisons and New York City jails. 1,2   We agree that prison physicians are careful to avoid a false-negative error in the treatment of seizure disorders. Unfortunately, in many prisons and jails adequate specialized diagnostic and consultative resources are not readily accessible. Thus, it is possible that false-positive
Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics: A Primer for Clinical Investigators and Decision-Makers
Authors: Evlin L. Kinney
Journal: JAMA (1989)

This book is an overview, once over lightly, of a large number of topics (application of epidemiologic techniques to studies of diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, to evaluation of health services, and to assessment of risks and benefits) in clinical epidemiology and statistics. Although the author says that his audience consists of all clinicians, the primary audience appears to be medical students. Judging from the positive response I got when having medical students read a chapter each, the book succeeds well in reaching and informing that audience. Clinical investigators may be the secondary audience, and there are sections that will be of value to them as well.  There are nine chapters about epidemiologic research design, six chapters about statistics, and four chapters on special topics, namely, diagnostic tests, decision analysis, survival analysis, and causality. Some important areas that are covered very well in this book are, by contrast, not even mentioned
A Case of Extensive Somatic Dissemination of Cysticercus Cellulosae in Man
Authors: R. Priest
Journal: BMJ (1926)

CYSTICERCUS CELLULOSAE IN MAN.rM, IRALTrsT 471 have been seen in the retina have been reported from the German clinics.It happens, then, that man may become the intermediate host, and because of the consequenlces the condition is a serious one.There are various theories as to how this may occur.The usual reasoniing is that man may eat some vegetables or drink water contamilnated with the segments or ova and thus become the intelrmediate host (or pig), with the same cycle of developiment of the parasite.It can occur, however, that ml-an is both the host and inter- mediate at the same period; that is to say, that a miian infected with the Taenia soliaitn may also be infected with the Cysticericus cellutlosae.It is thought that this accident may be caused through the regurgitation of the ripe proglottides into the stomach in an act of vomiting, but it is more likely that the irritation of the proglottides passing from the anus, which they may do spontaneously and under their own motility, leads to the soiling of man's fingers and the transference of the ova to the mouth.A man, aged 44 years, a hairdresser, was sent to me for con- sultation by his doctor in April, 1926.He complained of pains
Testicular Feminization in a Male Pseudohermaphrodite
Authors: O. N. Stern, W. J. Vandervort
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

THERE are both male and female types of pseudohermaphrodites, the designating factors being the gonads. Thus, in male pseudohermaphrodites the gonads are testes, whereas the external genitalia are female. Conversely, in female pseudohermaphrodites the gonads are ovaries, but male tendencies are seen in the organs of reproduction. Because of all this, investigators are agreed that, regardless of the body appearance, the sex of the patient is determined by the type of sex glands that are present.The incidence of pseudohermaphroditism has been reported by Young1 to be as high as 1 in 1000 persons. In most of these cases the . . .
The Origins of Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Dennis J. Selkoe
Journal: JAMA (2000)

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Left-Coronary-Artery to Left-Ventricle Fistula
Authors: Allen I. Midell
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We read with interest the report on a fistula originating from the left anterior descending coronary artery and terminating in the left ventricle by Housman and associates (240:372,1978). We recently reported a similar case in which the fistula was surgically closed and presented a movie of the same at the American Heart Association meeting in Anaheim, Calif, on Nov 17, 1975.<sup>1</sup>Our patient's fistula involved the main left anterior descending coronary artery and not a diagonal or contributing branch. Consequently, the authors' statement, "to our knowledge, no reported case of leftcoronary-artery... to left-ventricle... fistula exists in the English literature," is an incongruity. We congratulate the authors on their report but must point out that a more thorough perusal of the recent surgical literature would have discovered our recent contribution to the understanding of this interesting anomaly.