tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ELECTROCAUTERIZATION OF THE CERVIX IN CHILDREN
Authors: Bernard Notes
Journal: JAMA (1933)

A complete review of the literature 1 reveals but one mention of cauterization of the cervix in children. The present communication is based on fifty cases in which this procedure was done during the past four and a half years in the gynecologic service of Dr. E. W. Titus in the Children's Hospital, Washington, D. C.  Stein 2 and his co-workers emphasized the occurrence of involvement of the cervix in inflammations of the lower genital tract in children. At the Children's Hospital we had by that time (December, 1928) already begun cauterization in the cases of chronic cervicitis in which medical treatment was unavailing. More than 70 per cent of our cases were gonorrheal by positive smears, and probably 20 per cent more were of gonorrheal origin.  In our series there was practically complete cessation of all discharge in 64 per cent of the cases, marked improvement in 23 per
Renal nerve stimulation causes alpha 1-adrenoceptor-mediated sodium retention but not alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonism of vasopressin.
Authors: D D Smyth, S Umemura, W A Pettinger
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

Renal alpha 2-adrenoceptor stimulation by epinephrine infusion reverses cyclic adenosine monophosphate-mediated effects of vasopressin on sodium and water excretion. We used this response to determine whether renal nerve stimulation can activate renal alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the non-recirculating isolated perfused rat kidney (Krebs-Henseleit solution; 3.5 g/100 ml Ficoll; 1 g/100 ml albumin; 36 degrees C; propranolol 100 nM). In the presence of alpha 1-adrenoceptor blockade with prazosin (30 nM) alpha 2-adrenoceptor stimulation with epinephrine reversed the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-mediated effects of vasopressin on sodium (P less than 0.05) and water (P less than 0.05) excretion. Subthreshold (for vasoconstriction) renal nerve stimulation (10 V; 1 msec; 0.65 +/- 0.10 Hz) failed to alter the effect of vasopressin. Similarly, higher levels of renal nerve stimulation [plus prazosin (100 nM) or phenoxybenzamine (1.0 mg/kg per hr) to block alpha 1-adrenoceptors] did not activate renal alpha 2-adrenoceptors which are associated with the antagonism of the effects of vasopressin. The same level of subthreshold renal nerve stimulation (0.85 +/- 0.14 Hz) in the absence of vasopressin, and without alpha 1- or alpha 2-adrenoceptor blockade, decreased (P less than 0.05) sodium and water excretion. The reversal of this effect by alpha 1-adrenoceptor blockade (prazosin 30 nM) but not alpha 2-adrenoceptor blockade (yohimbine 300 nM) indicates that this effect of renal nerve stimulation is mediated through alpha 1-adrenoceptors. Thus, subthreshold renal nerve stimulation in the rat kidney induces sodium and water retention through activation of alpha 1-adrenoceptors, as shown by others in the rabbit and dog.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
What about acute coronary syndrome?
Authors: Z. Sheikh, A. Khan, S. Khan
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The National Patient Safety Agency considers emergency oxygen treatment in adults, focusing on chronic obstructive airways disease.1 The acute coronary syndrome is also commonly treated with oxygen according to MONA (morphine, oxygen, nitroglycerine, aspirin)—a mnemonic imprinted on the memory of every medical student and …
Complete Cure of Persistent Virus Infections by Antiviral siRNAs
Authors: Aure Saulnier, Isabelle Pelletier, Karine Labadie, Florence Colbère-Garapin
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have been developed as antiviral agents for mammalian cells. The capacity of specific siRNAs to prevent virus infections has been demonstrated, and there is evidence that these new antiviral agents could have a partial therapeutic effect a few days after infection. We investigated the possibility of curing a persistent infection, several months after becoming established, using an in vitro model of persistent poliovirus (PV) infection in HEp-2 cells. Despite high virus titers and the presence of PV mutants, repeated treatment with a mixture of two siRNAs targeting both noncoding and coding regions, one of them in a highly conserved region, resulted in the complete cure of the majority of persistently infected cultures. No escape mutants emerged in treated cultures. The antiviral effect of specific siRNAs, consistent with a mechanism of RNA interference, correlated with a decrease in the amount of viral RNA, until its complete disappearance, resulting in cultures cured of virions and viral RNA.
Subsequent Criminal Activity Among Violent Misdemeanants Who Seek to Purchase Handguns
Authors: Garen J. Wintemute, Mona A. Wright, Christiana M. Drake, James J. Beaumont
Journal: JAMA (2001)

ContextSome states prohibit the purchase of handguns by persons convicted of selected misdemeanor crimes, but most do not. California has denied handgun purchases by violent misdemeanants since 1991; the effectiveness of these policies is unknown.ObjectiveTo determine the risk factors for new criminal activity among violent misdemeanants who seek to purchase handguns and whether denial of handgun purchase by violent misdemeanants affects their risk of arrest for new crimes, particularly gun and/or violent crimes.DesignRetrospective, population-based cohort study.Setting and SubjectsPersons aged 21 to 34 years who sought to purchase a handgun through a licensed dealer in California during 1989-1991 and who had at least 1 violent misdemeanor conviction in the preceding 10 years. The study cohorts consisted of 986 persons whose purchase applications were made in 1991 and were denied (denied persons) and 787 persons whose purchase applications were made in 1989-1990 and were approved (purchasers).Main Outcome MeasuresIncidence and relative risk of first arrest in California for new gun and/or violent crimes and for nongun, nonviolent crimes during a 3-year follow-up after actual or attempted handgun purchase.ResultsDuring the 3-year follow-up, 546 (33.0%) of 1654 subjects with follow-up information were arrested for a new crime, including 296 (31.9%) of 927 denied persons and 250 (34.4%) of 727 purchasers. After adjusting for differences in age, sex, and prior criminal history, purchasers were more likely than denied persons to be arrested for new gun and/or violent crimes (relative hazard [RH], 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.60), but not for nongun, nonviolent crimes (RH, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.78-1.19). In both groups, risk of arrest was strongly related to age and number of convictions accrued prior to actual or attempted handgun purchase.ConclusionOur results indicate that denial of handgun purchase to violent misdemeanants is associated with a specific decrease in risk of arrest for new gun and/or violent crimes.
A rapid urine test for early detection of kidney injury
Authors: Vishal S. Vaidya, Glen M. Ford, Sushrut S. Waikar, Yizhuo Wang, Matthew B. Clement, Victoria Ramirez, Warren E. Glaab, Sean P. Troth, Frank D. Sistare, Walter C. Prozialeck, Joshua R. Edwards, Norma A. Bobadilla, Stephen C. Mefferd, Joseph V. Bonventre
Journal: Kidney International (2009)
Aetiological importance of ovulation in epithelial ovarian cancer: a population based study.
Authors: D J Cruickshank
Journal: BMJ (1990)

relative risk for the patients with sickle cell disease was 0 9.The two groups of children were categorised accord- ing to whether their alanine aminotransferase activity was 0-55, 56-100, or >100 IU/l (table ).None of the differences in the proportions in the three categories between the two groups was significant (p>O 1 in all categories, Fisher's exact two tailed test).
Epanutin in Mental Hospital Patients
Authors: S. Davidson, J. D. Sutherland
Journal: BMJ (1939)

events; and for various reasons I very much doubt if the same underlying sequence can be postulated for the types of headache I have been considering here.I should much appreciate the views of others on this speculation.Finally, I am very conscious of deficiencies, distortions, and omissions, and of the fact that this paper is full of the dogmatism and economy of truth which is perhaps insepar- able from a brief presentation of such a colossal subject. SummaryThe recognition of headache as evidence of a psychiatric problem is discussed.Positive points in the diagnosis of such headaches are put forward as a supplement to the principle of exclusion, so apt to be used alone.
cAMP responsive element-mediated regulation of the gene transcription of the alpha 1B adrenergic receptor by thyrotropin.
Authors: M Kanasaki, H Matsubara, S Murasawa, H Masaki, Y Nio, M Inada
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

To elucidate the molecular mechanism of the stimulatory effect of thyrotropin on the gene regulation of alpha 1B adrenergic receptor in functioning rat thyroid (FRTL-5) cells, we established a competitive reverse-transcriptase (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nuclear run-off assay to quantify changes in mRNA levels and transcription rates. A binding assay showed that FRTL-5 cells predominantly expressed alpha 1B adrenergic receptor and that thyrotropin increased its expression sevenfold. By means of RT-PCR, we found that thyrotropin induced an 11-fold increase in alpha 1B receptor mRNA abundance. The nuclear run-off assay demonstrated that thyrotropin caused a ninefold increase at the gene transcriptional level, which occurred in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. The half-life of the alpha 1B receptor mRNA in cells incubated with thyrotropin for 1 h increased 1.5-fold but returned to the original value after 12 h. Dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin mimicked the stimulatory effects of thyrotropin on the gene transcriptional level. The 5'-flanking region of the rat alpha 1B receptor gene contained a putative cAMP responsive element (CRE) at nucleotide -438 relative to the translation start site. The promoter analysis using the reporter gene indicated that the CRE motif confers the cAMP sensitivity to the transcription of the rat alpha 1B receptor gene. These results demonstrated that a CRE-mediated mechanism is involved in the transcriptional regulation of the alpha 1B receptor gene by thyrotropin without requiring new protein synthesis.
M.A.O.I. treatment cards.
Authors: E S Lamont
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Upper II aborted hydropic twins and was subsequendy sterilized.In this case, unlike the one we reported in our first letter, it was hoped that accurate assessment and adequate treatment would have been possible because of the position of the sacs, side by side, and the position of the placentas (posteriorly).-Weare, etc.,
Exercise and Osteoporosis-Reply
Authors: Jon E. Block
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Our intention in presenting a synopsis of studies dealing with exercise and bone mass was to examine critically the current understanding of this important research area as well as provide impetus for additional, more rigorous, investigation of the potential role of physical activity in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. However, due to the space constraints of the commentary format, we were unable to present complete findings from every study reviewed; we selectively presented what we felt were the most clinically relevant results. In the study by Simkin and coworkers,<sup>1</sup>it was found that distal radial integral (25% trabecular, 75% cortical) bone as measured by single-photon absorptiometry did not change significantly as a result of bone-loading exercises over the course of five months in postmenopausal women. As we reported, this finding was similar to findings reported from at least three previous prospective studies employing the same technique.
Distal Embolic Protection in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Albert Schömig, Adnan Kastrati
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Epigenetic mechanisms in tumorigenesis, tumor cell heterogeneity and drug resistance
Authors: Roel H. Wilting, Jan-Hermen Dannenberg
Journal: Drug Resistance Updates (2012)

Resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapeutics and emerging targeted drugs is a devastating problem in the treatment of cancer patients. Multiple mechanisms contribute to drug resistance such as increased drug efflux, altered drug metabolism, secondary mutations in drug targets, and activation of downstream or parallel signal transduction pathways. The rapid kinetics, the reversibility of acquired drug resistance and the absence of genetic mutations suggest an epigenetic basis for drug insensitivity. Similar to the cellular variance seen in the human body, epigenetic mechanisms, through reversible histone modifications and DNA methylation patterns, generate a variety of transcriptional states resulting in a dynamic heterogeneous tumor cell population. Consequently, epigenomes favoring survival in the presence of a drug by aberrant transcription of drug transporters, DNA-repair enzymes and pro-apoptotic factors render cytotoxic and targeted drugs ineffective and allow selection of rare drug-resistant tumor cells. Recent advances in charting cancer genomes indeed strongly indicate a role for epigenetic regulators in driving cancer, which may result in the acquisition of additional (epi)genetic modifications leading to drug resistance. These observations have important clinical consequences as they provide an opportunity for "epigenetic drugs" to change reversible drug-resistance-associated epigenomes to prevent or reverse non-responsiveness to anti-cancer drugs.
Horace Wells and Nitrous Oxide
Authors: I. Russell Weinstein
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Your editorial on William Thomas Green Morton (<b>194</b>:190, 1965) has revived that old biased view which the medical profession held so long in regard to the discoverer of anesthesia. When Horace Wells, in his recognition and realization of the significance and potential of anesthesia, demonstrated nitrous oxide to the medical profession, he was derided by members of that profession. Medical writers who later described this event, instead of condemning the medical audience for their shortsightedness, condemned Wells for his "inadequacy." Morton never conceived on his own the idea of using general anesthesia in surgery; he learned it from Wells. Yet, in the long narrative which you quoted from Morton's<i>Memoir to the Academy of Sciences at Paris on a New Use of Sulphuric Ether</i>, this "discoverer" makes no mention of the fact that he had worked with Wells and had learned of the concept of general
Noninvasive evaluation of hepatic fibrosis using acoustic radiation force-based shear stiffness in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Mark L. Palmeri, Michael H. Wang, Ned C. Rouze, Manal F. Abdelmalek, Cynthia D. Guy, Barry Moser, Anna Mae Diehl, Kathryn R. Nightingale
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
The T cell receptor repertoire of CD4-8+ thymocytes is altered by overexpression of the BCL-2 protooncogene in the thymus.
Authors: W Tao, S J Teh, I Melhado, F Jirik, S J Korsmeyer, H S Teh
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

The bcl-2 gene encodes an intracellular, membrane-associated protein that protects immature cortical thymocytes from a wide variety of apoptotic stimuli, including glucocorticoids, radiation, and anti-CD3 treatment. Since cortical thymocytes are the primary target cells for thymic positive and negative selection processes, and since these processes are associated with cell death, we evaluated the role of bcl-2 in T cell development in two ways. In the first approach, transgenic mice expressing high levels of Bcl-2 in cortical thymocytes were mated with H-Y T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice, the latter being a well-defined system for the study of positive and negative selection of T cells. We found that the bcl-2 transgene had a dramatic effect on positive selection. This was manifested by a greatly increased production of mature thymocytes that were highly skewed towards the CD4-8+ lineage. The change involving CD4-8+ thymocytes occurred not only in bcl-2 transgenic mice, but was also observed in H-Y TCR/bcl-2 doubly transgenic mice, regardless of whether the H-Y TCR was expressed in the selecting (H-2b) or nonselecting (H-2d) environments. Furthermore, a large proportion of CD4-8+ thymocytes produced in H-2b H-Y TCR/bcl-2 doubly transgenic female mice expressed endogenous TCR alpha chains rather than the transgenic TCR alpha chain. These observations are consistent with the model that high expression of Bcl-2 in cortical thymocytes overrides the normal apoptotic pathway. This then allows the selection of CD4-8+ thymocytes expressing TCRs that are otherwise nonselectable. However, the bcl-2 transgene did not protect CD4+8+ thymocytes expressing the male-specific TCR from deletion in male doubly transgenic mice. In the second approach, we determined the level of bcl-2 mRNA expression in populations of thymocytes defined by their CD4/CD8 phenotypes using quantitative reversed transcriptase PCR techniques. Our results indicate that bcl-2 mRNA was expressed at a high level in immature CD4-8- thymocytes and in mature CD4+8- thymocytes. There is a dramatic downregulation of bcl-2 mRNA in CD4+8+ thymocytes, particularly those expressing a low level of TCR. CD4+8+ thymocytes that upregulated their TCR, likely as a result of receiving positive selection signals, also upregulated bcl-2 mRNA. This observation suggests that rescue of immature thymocytes from the programmed cell death pathway by positive selection signals is accompanied by the upregulation of bcl-2 mRNA.
Pleural Mesothelioma and Occupational Coexposure to Asbestos, Mineral Wool, and Silica
Authors: Aude Lacourt, Céline Gramond, Sabyne Audignon, Stéphane Ducamp, Joelle Févotte, Annabelle Gilg Soit Ilg, Marcel Goldberg, Ellen Imbernon, Patrick Brochard
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Occupational coexposure to asbestos and other fibers or particles could modify the carcinogenicity of asbestos with regard to pleural mesothelioma.To estimate associations between pleural mesothelioma and occupational mineral wool and silica exposure and to study the impact of occupational coexposure on the risk of pleural mesothelioma.A total of 1,199 male cases and 2,379 control subjects were included in a French pooled case-control study. Complete job histories were collected, and occupational exposure to asbestos, mineral wool (MW), and silica were assessed by three French job exposure matrices. Unconditional logistic regression models adjusted for age, birth date, and occupational asbestos exposure were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).A significant association between mesothelioma and MW exposure was observed after adjustment for occupational asbestos exposure. OR for subjects exposed to less than 0.01 fibers·ml(-1)·yr(-1) was 1.6 (95% CI, 1.2-2.1) and increased to 2.5 (95% CI, 1.8-3.4) for subjects exposed to more than 0.32 fibers·ml(-1)·yr(-1). All ORs for silica exposure were around the null. Coexposure to either asbestos and MW or asbestos and silica seemed to increase the risk of pleural mesothelioma. ORs were 17.6 (95% CI, 11.8-26.2) and 9.8 (95% CI, 4.2-23.2) for subjects exposed to both asbestos and MW and for subjects exposed to both asbestos and silica, respectively, compared with 4.3 (95% CI, 1.9-9.8) for occupational asbestos exposure alone.Our results are in favor of an increased risk of pleural mesothelioma for subjects exposed to both asbestos and MW or asbestos and silica.
Chemoimmunotherapy of experimental hepatic metastases
Authors: David L. Williams, Edward R. Sherwood, Rose B. McNamee, Ernest L. Jones, I. William Browder, Nicholas R. di Luzio
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

Previous studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that particulate glucan is efficacious in the therapy of a syngeneic murine reticulum cell sarcoma (M5706), which specifically metastasizes from its primary site to the liver. The present study was undertaken to examine the therapeutic efficacy of a newly developed soluble glucan, in combination with cyclophosphamide in the treatment of hepatic metastatic disease. Male C57Bl/6J mice were injected subcutaneously on Day 0 with 1 × 104 sarcoma cells. Glucan (200 mg per kg i.v.), cyclophosphamide (45 mg per kg i.p.) or glucan and cyclophosphamide were administered beginning on Day 20, when hepatic metastases were evident, and continued at 3-day intervals up to Day 50. Combined therapy with glucan and cyclophosphamide resulted in reduction of hepatic metastatic lesions on Day 36, compared to control. Survival data revealed that the combination of glucan and cyclophosphamide significantly (p < 0.001) extended median survival time and the time to 100% mortality in an additive fashion, when compared to either therapy alone. Glucan-cyclophosphamide therapy was also effective in decreasing primary tumor weight to a level that was significantly (p < 0.05) less than when therapy was initiated. In vitro studies revealed that Kupffer cell tumoricidal activity against sarcoma was increased (p < 0.05) following glucan and cyclophosphamide. Glucan and cyclophosphamide also enhanced bone marrow proliferation and splenocyte response to mitogens in vitro. Additionally, glucan was observed to exert a direct cytostatic effect on sarcoma in vitro. Our results denote that soluble glucan-cyclophosphamide exerts antitumor activity by: (i) activation of Kupffer cell cytolytic activity; (ii) enhancing cell-mediated immunity, and (iii) exerting a direct cytostatic effect on sarcoma M5076.