tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Coping with SARS
Authors: Mary Jeanne Buttrey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Letters15 June 2004Coping with SARSFREEMary Jeanne Buttrey, MDMary Jeanne Buttrey, MDFrom Taipei, Taiwan.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-12-200406150-00024 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Regarding the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), many have asked, “What was the big deal?” I would like to emphasize one issue briefly mentioned by Dr. Emanuel in his perspective on the lessons of SARS (1), namely the stress on hospital facilities and health care workers. Managing SARS was an incredibly labor-intensive effort, making tremendous demands on everyone involved. Properly donning the personal protective equipment took 10 to 20 minutes, and the reverse process was equally time-consuming. In one isolation hospital dedicated to SARS, personnel were on the ward from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., always dressed in 1 or 2 layers of protective equipment, adding another layer to enter individual patient rooms. The staff were not allowed to eat or drink the entire 9 hours they were on the ward. In our institution, the patients potentially most in need of immediate care, especially those with impending respiratory failure or those who were already on ventilators, were also the ones who posed a significant danger to staff because of increased secretions and possible aerosolization of the virus.We were perhaps fortunate in Taiwan that our outbreak came somewhat later than elsewhere, so that we benefited from the experience of others. But that did not eliminate the anxiety. The haggard faces and slumping shoulders of our staff early in the epidemic told their own tale. As the disease began to come under control, we realized we were doing the right things, and faces began to brighten. Should another outbreak of SARS occur, we believe the protective measures are effective, but it would still be terrifically burdensome. I have the highest respect for our personnel who were on the front lines last spring. With them, I heartily pray we don't have to repeat the experience.Reference1. Emanuel EJ. The lessons of SARS. Ann Intern Med. 2003;139:589-91. [PMID: 14530230] LinkGoogle Scholar Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Taipei, Taiwan. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Lessons of SARS Ezekiel J. Emanuel Metrics Cited ByHuman Perceptual Performance With Nonliteral Imagery: Region Recognition and Texture-Based Segmentation. 15 June 2004Volume 140, Issue 12Page: 1060-1061KeywordsAnxietyHealth care facilitiesHealth care providersPersonal protective equipmentRespiratory failureSARS coronavirusShouldersVentilators ePublished: 15 June 2004 Issue Published: 15 June 2004 CopyrightCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Why Bioethicists<i>Still</i>Need to Think More About Sex …
Authors: Robert Sparrow
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2010)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1That O'Connor lists "trans-ablism" as one of his research interests, on his institutional web page, suggests that it is unlikely that he has in fact forgotten this. 2It is, admittedly, true that without the premise that parents are obligated to choose the "best child" I cannot show that it is morally impermissible for parents to select boys. However, I can show that parents have just as strong reasons to select against a male embryo as they do against a female embryo with the genes for MRKH—an implication that should be controversial enough to establish the significance of the problematic that concerns me. 3However, it is worth noting that the title of his most recent paper still refers to "The Moral Obligation to Create Children with the Best Chance of the Best Life" (CitationSavulescu and Kahane 2009; my emphasis).
Prenatal Infection and Schizophrenia: A Review of Epidemiologic and Translational Studies
Authors: Alan S. Brown, Elena J. Derkits
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2010)

An emerging literature from epidemiologic, clinical, and preclinical investigations has provided evidence that gestational exposure to infection contributes to the etiology of schizophrenia. In recent years, these studies have moved from ecologic designs, which ascertain infection based on epidemics in populations, to investigations that have capitalized on reliable biomarkers in individual pregnancies. These studies have documented specific candidate infections that appear to be associated with an elevated risk of schizophrenia. Animal models of maternal immune activation inspired by this work have revealed intriguing findings indicating behavioral, neurochemical, and neurophysiologic abnormalities consistent with observations in schizophrenia. In parallel studies in humans and animals, investigators are working to uncover the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which in utero exposure to infection contributes to schizophrenia risk. In this review, the authors discuss and critically evaluate the epidemiologic literature on in utero exposure to infection and schizophrenia, summarize emerging animal models of maternal immune activation, and discuss putative unique and common mechanisms by which in utero exposure to infection alters neurodevelopment, potentially increasing susceptibility to schizophrenia. The promise of this work for facilitating the identification of susceptibility loci in genetic studies of schizophrenia is illustrated by examples of interaction between in utero exposure to infection and genetic variants. The authors then elaborate on possible implications of this work, including the use of preventive measures for reducing the incidence of schizophrenia. Finally, they discuss new approaches aimed at addressing current challenges in this area of research.
Mushrooms and a Toxic Reaction to Alcohol
Authors: W. A. Reynolds, F. H. Lowe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

FOUR acutely ill adults, 2 men, aged forty and seventy, and 2 women, aged thirty-seven and sixty-six years, were seen in St. Patrick's Hospital Emergency Room on the afternoon of June 15, 1964. All 4 complained of the same symptoms and insisted that they had been poisoned by beer. All had been in good health, with no complaints, while riding together in a car en route to pick wild mushrooms. They each drank a bottle of beer and immediately became ill. The initial symptoms were profound flushing of the face and a metallic taste in the mouth followed by paresthesia . . .
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and PTEN Modulate Tissue Factor Expression in Glioblastoma through JunD/Activator Protein-1 Transcriptional Activity
Authors: Yuan Rong, Vladimir E. Belozerov, Carol Tucker-Burden, Gang Chen, Donald L. Durden, Jeffrey J. Olson, Erwin G. Van Meir, Nigel Mackman, Daniel J. Brat
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Hypoxia and necrosis are fundamental features of glioblastoma (GBM) and their emergence is critical for the rapid biological progression of this fatal tumor; yet, underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We have suggested that vaso-occlusion following intravascular thrombosis could initiate or propagate hypoxia and necrosis in GBM. Tissue factor (TF), the main cellular initiator of coagulation, is overexpressed in GBMs and likely favors a thrombotic microenvironment. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification and PTEN loss are two common genetic alterations seen in GBM but not in lower-grade astrocytomas that could be responsible for TF up-regulation. The most frequent EGFR mutation in GBM involves deletion of exons 2 to 7, resulting in the expression of a constitutively active receptor, EGFRvIII. Here, we show that overexpression of EGFR or EGFRvIII in human glioma cells causes increased basal TF expression and that stimulation of EGFR by its ligand, EGF, leads to a marked dose-dependent up-regulation of TF. In all cases, increased TF expression led to accelerated plasma coagulation in vitro. EGFR-mediated TF expression depended most strongly on activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcriptional activity and was associated with c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) and JunD activation. Restoration of PTEN expression in PTEN-deficient GBM cells diminished EGFR-induced TF expression by inhibiting JunD/AP-1 transcriptional activity. PTEN mediated this effect by antagonizing phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity, which in turn attenuated both Akt and JNK activities. These mechanisms are likely at work in vivo, as EGFR expression was highly correlated with TF expression in human high-grade astrocytoma specimens.
Complications: Neuropathy, Pathogenetic Considerations
Authors: Douglas A Greene, Anders A F Sima, Martin J Stevens, Eva L Feldman, Sarah A Lattimer
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

The most common form of neuropathy associated with diabetes mellitus is distal symmetric sensorimotor polyneuropathy, often accompanied by autonomic neuropathy. This disorder is characterized by striking atrophy and loss of myelinated and unmyelinated fibers accompanied by Wallerian degeneration, segmental, and paranodal demyelination and blunted nerve fiber regeneration. In both humans and laboratory animals, this progressive nerve fiber damage and loss parallels the degree and/or duration of hyperglycemia. Several metabolic mechanisms have been proposed to explain the relationship between the extent and severity of hyperglycemia and the development of diabetic neuropathy. One mechanism, activation of the polyol pathway by glucose via AR, is a prominent metabolic feature of diabetic rat peripheral nerve, where it promotes sorbitol and fructose accumulation, myo-inositol depletion, and slowing of nerve conduction by alteration of neural Na+-K+-ATPase activity or perturbation of normal physiological osmoregulatory mechanisms. ARIs, which normalize nerve myo-inositol and nerve conduction slowing, are currently the focus of clinical trials. Other specific metabolic abnormalities that may play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy include abnormal lipid or amino acid metabolism, superoxide radical formation, protein glycation, or potential blunting of normal neurotrophic responses. Metabolic dysfunction in diabetic nerve is accompanied by vascular insufficiency and nerve hypoxia that may contribute to nerve fiber loss and damage. Although major questions about the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy remain unanswered and require further intense investigation, significant recent progress is pushing us into the future and likely constitutes only the first of many therapies directed against one or more elements of the complex pathogenetic process responsible for diabetic neuropathy.
A case of purpura hyperglobulinaemica of Waldenstrom studied by skin immunofluorescence
Authors: W. H. PERKS, F. GREEN, M. H. GLEESON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

A case of purpura hyperglobulinaemica of Waldenström is reported. Immunofluorescence of skin and subcutaneous tissue using monospecific fluorescein-tagged anti-human IgA, IgG, IgM and complement showed deposition of IgA in the walls of intradermal vessel in affected skin. It is suggested that these findings help in the elucidation of the pathogenesis of the purpura.
A further case of plantar squamous cell carcinoma arising in Olmsted syndrome
Authors: Y. Yoshizaki, H. Kanki, T. Ueda, M. Ichihashi, M. Ueda
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article A further case of plantar squamous cell carcinoma arising in Olmsted syndrome Get access Y. Yoshizaki, Y. Yoshizaki Department of Dermatology, Kobe University School of Medicine, 7‐5‐1 Kusunoki‐cho, Chuo‐ku, Kobe 650‐0017, Japan Correspondence: Masato Ueda.E‐mail: mueda@med.kobe‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Kanki, H. Kanki Department of Dermatology, Kobe University School of Medicine, 7‐5‐1 Kusunoki‐cho, Chuo‐ku, Kobe 650‐0017, Japan Correspondence: Masato Ueda.E‐mail: mueda@med.kobe‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Ueda, T. Ueda Department of Dermatology, Kobe University School of Medicine, 7‐5‐1 Kusunoki‐cho, Chuo‐ku, Kobe 650‐0017, Japan Correspondence: Masato Ueda.E‐mail: mueda@med.kobe‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Ichihashi, M. Ichihashi Department of Dermatology, Kobe University School of Medicine, 7‐5‐1 Kusunoki‐cho, Chuo‐ku, Kobe 650‐0017, Japan Correspondence: Masato Ueda.E‐mail: mueda@med.kobe‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Ueda M. Ueda Department of Dermatology, Kobe University School of Medicine, 7‐5‐1 Kusunoki‐cho, Chuo‐ku, Kobe 650‐0017, Japan Correspondence: Masato Ueda.E‐mail: mueda@med.kobe‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 145, Issue 4, 1 October 2001, Pages 685–686, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04453.x Published: 01 October 2001
The whole truth?
Authors: P. Hammond
Journal: BMJ (2003)

In 1871 Oliver Wendell Homes, a prominent American physician, told his medical students, “Your patient has no more right to the truth that you know than he has to all the medicine in your saddlebags. He should get only just as much as is good for him.” This information control is the foundation of medical power, but in the post-Bristol era we've decided British patients should be told “the whole truth” about their care. Do you really want to know, though? Or do you still prefer the cosy placebo of blind faith?

You can't find out how many times your pilot has crashed, but soon you'll know if your heart surgeon is any good. That's the theory, but our politicised NHS has always swapped accuracy for expediency. Denied the resources to produce reliable figures, heart surgeons have been bounced into releasing rough data simplified into a ludicrous “Michelin guide” star system. Just as you suspect the lone star McDonald's waiter of peeing in the milkshakes, you may not trust your bottom-rung heart surgeon.

I feel …
A SIMPLIFICATION OF THE USUAL TECHNIC OF SKIN GRAFTING.
Authors: JOHN EGERTON CANNADAY
Journal: JAMA (1906)

In several forms of minor surgical work considerable satisfaction is obtainable even when comparatively careless methods are pursued. However, in the particular field of this subject a minutely planned and carefully carried out technic is essential to a successful issue. The need for repairs to the epithelial covering may arise from the following causes: deep burns, lacerated wounds, the sloughing of flaps, gangrene from frost bite and other causes, varicose and other ulcers, the correction of deformities and the excision of malignant growths. Bared areas can only cover themselves by the reproduction of epithelium around the edges. After a varying length of time, dependent somewhat on the individual case, this border-line epithelium becomes apparently entirely exhausted and ceases to reproduce itself further. Then Nature must be assisted. Indeed, it is not usually best to wait until she has thrown up the sponge. Unless the denuded area is quite large, it
Abstract 4614: The organic panic
Authors: Jacob Jensen, Andrew Garrett, Kim O'Neill, Richard Robison
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract In today's market place organic foods have become a very popular topic of discussion. Some studies have compared the different benefits of organic foods vs. conventional foods in disease prevention, including cancer. Although differences have been examined, no broad or concrete conclusions have been reached. Studies have shown that consumption of antioxidants can decrease the risk of oxidative damage, degenerative conditions, and cancer. In this study, antioxidant levels between organic blueberries and conventional blueberries were analyzed and compared in their skin, seed, and juice using the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity assay (ORAC). Data indicate that, in each sample category, conventional samples showed higher antioxidant activities overall when compared to organic samples. 15 organic samples and 15 conventional samples were taken for measurement of antioxidant activity. All values are reported as Trolox Equivalents per 100 grams sample (TE/100g). Conventional blueberry skin revealed highest overall antioxidant activity (7258 TE/100g, s=1024), while organic blueberry seed revealed the lowest (494 TE/100g, s=160). Conventional skin (7258 TE/100g, s=1024) revealed higher values than organic skin (3891 TE/100g, s=288). Conventional seed (1308 TE/100g, s=597) revealed higher values than organic seed (494 TE/100g, s=160). Conventional juice (5077 TE/100g) revealed higher values than organic juice (2205 TE/100g, s=276). Student's t-test analysis revealed statistically significant differences between conventional and organic samples in all three groups (organic vs. conventional skin, p=1.3×10-5, organic vs. conventional seed, p=0.008; organic vs. conventional juice, p=0.022). Data from this study suggest that consumption of organic fruits may not provide higher antioxidant protection when compared to consumption of conventional samples; consumption on conventional blueberries may prove to be most beneficial. Further studies on other fruit samples may provide additional insight on the antioxidant benefits of organic and conventional fruits and vegetables. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4614. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4614
Neonatal plasminogen displays altered cell surface binding and activation kinetics. Correlation with increased glycosylation of the protein.
Authors: J M Edelberg, J J Enghild, S V Pizzo, M Gonzalez-Gronow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Plasminogen isolated from 60 full-term newborns differs from adult plasminogen in carbohydrate composition, kinetic activation constants, and cell binding. Amino acid composition and amino-terminal sequence analysis data indicate that the plasminogens of neonates and adults have the same amino acid sequence. Like the adult, the neonate has two glycoforms, but both have significantly more mannose and sialic acid than the adult forms. The difference in the neonatal glycosylation is probably responsible for the altered migration observed by isoelectric focusing. Moreover, the difference in carbohydrate composition appears to be the basis of the decreased functional activity of the neonatal plasminogen. The kcat/Km ratios indicate that the overall activation rates of the two neonatal plasminogen glycoforms are lower compared with the adult glycoforms. In addition, neonatal plasminogen does not bind as well to cellular receptors compared with adult plasminogen. These studies suggest a basis for the decreased fibrinolytic activity observed in neonates.
Padded Tongue Blades
Authors: John DiTraglia
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Your consultant's answer to the question about padded tongue blades<sup>1</sup>is most dissatisfying. The correct answer is yes, the padded tongue blade is a bizarre stigmatization and has never been shown to be of use for an actively seizing person in anybody's "hands."
Noninvasive Imaging of Cationic Lipid-Mediated Delivery of Optical and PET Reporter Genes in Living Mice
Authors: Meera Iyer, Manijeh Berenji, Nancy S. Templeton, Sanjiv S. Gambhir
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2002)

Gene therapy involves the safe and effective delivery of one or more genes of interest to target cells in vivo. The advantages of using nonviral delivery systems include ease of preparation, low toxicity, and weak immunogenicity. Nonviral delivery methods, when combined with a noninvasive, clinically applicable imaging assay, will greatly aid in the optimization of gene therapy approaches for cancer. We demonstrate cationic lipid-mediated noninvasive monitoring of reporter gene expression of firefly (Photinus pyralis) luciferase (fl) and a mutant herpes simplex virus type I thymidine kinase (HSV1-sr39tk, tk) in living mice using a cooled charge coupled device (CCD) camera and positron emission tomography (PET), respectively. We observe a high level of fl and tk reporter gene expression predominantly in the lungs after a single injection of the extruded DOTAP:cholesterol DNA liposome complexes by way of the tail vein, seen to be time- and dose-dependent. We observe a good correlation between the in vivo bioluminescent signal and the ex vivo firefly luciferase enzyme (FL) activity in different organs. We further demonstrate the feasibility of noninvasively imaging both optical and PET reporter gene expression in the same animal using the CCD camera and microPET, respectively. Gene therapy involves the safe and effective delivery of one or more genes of interest to target cells in vivo. The advantages of using nonviral delivery systems include ease of preparation, low toxicity, and weak immunogenicity. Nonviral delivery methods, when combined with a noninvasive, clinically applicable imaging assay, will greatly aid in the optimization of gene therapy approaches for cancer. We demonstrate cationic lipid-mediated noninvasive monitoring of reporter gene expression of firefly (Photinus pyralis) luciferase (fl) and a mutant herpes simplex virus type I thymidine kinase (HSV1-sr39tk, tk) in living mice using a cooled charge coupled device (CCD) camera and positron emission tomography (PET), respectively. We observe a high level of fl and tk reporter gene expression predominantly in the lungs after a single injection of the extruded DOTAP:cholesterol DNA liposome complexes by way of the tail vein, seen to be time- and dose-dependent. We observe a good correlation between the in vivo bioluminescent signal and the ex vivo firefly luciferase enzyme (FL) activity in different organs. We further demonstrate the feasibility of noninvasively imaging both optical and PET reporter gene expression in the same animal using the CCD camera and microPET, respectively.
Melamine and Nephrolithiasis in Children in Taiwan
Authors: I-Jen Wang, Pau-Chung Chen, Kung-Chang Hwang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

To the Editor: The adverse renal effects of melamine-tainted formula have raised international concern. To address public concerns about melamine, the department of health in Taiwan initiated services to screen exposed children. From September 24 through October 23, 2008, we screened 1129 children in Taiwan who had possible exposure to contaminated formula, investigating the clinical symptoms and risk factors for nephrolithiasis. Clinical presentation and urinary calcium and creatinine levels were evaluated, and urinalysis and renal ultrasonography were performed. We categorized our patients into three groups, according to exposure history.1,2 The high-exposure group consisted of children who consumed dairy products . . .