tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Histoplasmosis
Authors: Max Michael, Ralph A. Vogel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

THE acquisition of knowledge concerning the clinical features of histoplasmosis has followed that of many other newly recognized diseases. In 1906 Darling1 described a rapidly fatal disease involving primarily the reticuloendothelial system. Except for occasional reports, the next step was the recognition, in 1940,2 that asymptomatic pulmonary calcifications could result from infection by Histoplasma capsulatum. Since that time the gaps between the two extremes are being filled in. Outbreaks of mild atypical pneumonia, ulcers of the mucous membranes, pulmonary cavitation, chronic disseminated pulmonary disease and a variety of other lesions have been recognized. The purpose of this report is threefold: . . .
THE TREATMENT OF GUNSHOT WOUNDS OF THE ABDOMEN
Authors: A. W. Mayo-Robson
Journal: BMJ (1915)

rzoi& Jutlne to the end of October, while serving in thle Dardaielles, it has fallen to my lot to see a very large number of gunshot wounds inflicted by bullets, shells, slhrapnel, and bombs, a considerable ntumber being abdominal.The greater part of my time was spent on various lhospital ships anchored from lhalf a mile to a miile from the various landings, my duty being to change from one slhip to anotlher as eaclh in turn filled witlh wounded and steamed off to some base.Many of the cases-suelh was the efficiency of the R. A.M.C. service ashore-landed on the hospital slhip within from two to four bours of being wounded.At first we were influenced by the experiences of the South African war.which seemed to prove conclusively that opium, starvation, and rest in the Fowler position yielded better results in gunshot injuries of the abdomen tllan treatmenit by operation.In my first six months spent in a base mnilitary hospital in London I could not but feel impressed by the absence of abdominal cases in our wards; the explanation is, of course, quite clear-the cases seldom, if ever, reaclhed the base hospitals, as the wholesale expettant treatment was a failure.
Vascular Ectasias of the Right Colon
Authors: Seymour Sprayregen
Journal: JAMA (1978)

VASCULAR ectasias of the right side of the colon (also referred to as angiodysplasias, arteriovenous malformations, and angiomas), are being recognized with increasing frequency as a cause of lower intestinal tract bleeding in the elderly.<sup>1,2</sup>In a recent review of the experience at Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center, New York, from 1971 through 1976, ectasias and diverticulosis were the commonest causes of lower intestinal hemorrhage in patients older than 65 years of age and were approximately equal in number. Clinically, patients with symptomatic ectasias usually present with multiple episodes of acute lower intestinal hemorrhage, which may appear as bright red or maroon bleeding or as melena. Less commonly, ectasias produce chronic blood loss and anemia requiring blood transfusions. Characteristically, colonic ectasias (1) occur mostly in patients older than 60 years of age, (2) are not associated with angiomatous lesions of the skin or other viscera, (3) almost always occur
Human vascular endothelial cell adhesion receptors for Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes: roles for endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1.
Authors: C F Ockenhouse, T Tegoshi, Y Maeno, C Benjamin, M Ho, K E Kan, Y Thway, K Win, M Aikawa, R R Lobb
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

The clinical complications associated with severe and cerebral malaria occur as a result of the intravascular mechanical obstruction of erythrocytes infected with the asexual stages of the parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. We now report that a primary P. falciparum-infected erythrocyte (parasitized red blood cell [PRBC]) isolate from a patient with severe complicated malaria binds to cytokine-induced human vascular endothelial cells, and that this adhesion is in part mediated by endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1). PRBC binding to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-activated human vascular endothelial cells is partially inhibited by antibodies to ELAM-1 and ICAM-1 and the inhibitory effects of these antibodies is additive. PRBCs selected in vitro by sequential panning on purified adhesion molecules bind concurrently to recombinant soluble ELAM-1 and VCAM-1, and to two previously identified endothelial cell receptors for PRBCs, ICAM-1, and CD36. Post-mortem brain tissue from patients who died from cerebral malaria expressed multiple cell adhesion molecules including ELAM-1 and VCAM-1 on cerebral microvascular endothelium not expressed in brains of individuals who died from other causes. These results ascribe novel pathological functions for both ELAM-1 and VCAM-1 and may help delineate alternative adhesion pathways PRBCs use to modify malaria pathology.
Targeted Therapies in Combination with Chemotherapy in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: David H. Johnson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract With rare exceptions, attempts to combine so-called targeted agents with standard cytotoxic chemotherapy in advanced non–small cell lung cancer have yielded disappointing results. The reasons underlying these spectacular failures are not always fully understood, but certainly the lack of careful patient selection is a major contributing factor. In addition, recent preclinical and clinical studies indicate that antagonism may exist between the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors and chemotherapy primarily in tumor cells with wild-type EGFR. By contrast, tumor cells harboring somatic mutations in EGFR experience massive apoptosis when exposed to the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Therefore, in theory, mutant tumor cells should exhibit enhanced cell kill when treated with concomitant chemotherapy and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors akin to what is observed with chemotherapy and trastuzumab in breast cancer. Clinical data from the recently completed TRIBUTE trial support the latter possibility. Ideally, future studies of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors and other targeted drugs will use careful patient selection criteria based on well-characterized and validated predictive markers. However, in the absence of such biomarkers, clinical judgment, common sense, and innovative clinical trial design are necessary to avoid undue delay in drug development.
Simultaneous Administration of Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccines
Authors: Frank DeStefano
Journal: JAMA (1982)

We compared the adverse reaction rates and antibody responses when influenza and pneumococcal vaccines were given simultaneously and separately. We used a double-blind, placebo-controlled protocol in which the participants, healthy university students and staff between 18 and 26 years of age, were randomly assigned to the different vaccination groups. Simultaneous administration of the two vaccines did not result in any increase in local or systemic reactions, except for transient myalgia. Study participants who received the vaccines simultaneously had pneumococcal antibody responses comparable with those of participants who received pneumococcal vaccine alone, although the response rate for both groups was low. There was also no difference between the simultaneous-administration group and the group that received influenza vaccine alone in antibody response to the influenza A/Texas antigen. Antibody responses to the influenza A/Brazil and B/Hong Kong antigens were adequate for both groups, although the group that received influenza vaccine alone achieved higher postvaccination antibody titers. We conclude that simultaneous administration of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines is as safe and effective as giving either vaccine alone. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;247:2551-2554)
Ocular inflammation as an initial manifestation of cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa
Authors: A. Grinbaum, A. Ashkenazi, I. Avni, G. Treister
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article Ocular inflammation as an initial manifestation of cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa Get access A. Grinbaum, A. Grinbaum Goldschleger Eye Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel‐Hashomer 52621, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Ashkenazi, A. Ashkenazi Goldschleger Eye Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel‐Hashomer 52621, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. Avni, I. Avni Goldschleger Eye Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel‐Hashomer 52621, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Treister G. Treister Goldschleger Eye Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel‐Hashomer 52621, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 131, Issue 3, 1 September 1994, Pages 451–452, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb08541.x Published: 01 September 1994
Deficiency in phosphorylase phosphatase activity despite elevated protein phosphatase type-1 catalytic subunit in skeletal muscle from insulin-resistant subjects.
Authors: B L Nyomba, D L Brautigan, K K Schlender, W Wang, C Bogardus, D M Mott
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Glycogen synthase is activated by protein phosphatase type-1 (PP-1). The spontaneous PP-1 activity accounts for only a small fraction of total PP-1 activity, which can be exposed by trypsin digestion of inhibitor proteins in the presence of Mn2+. We determined total PP-1 activity in muscle biopsies from insulin-sensitive and -resistant nondiabetic Pima Indians. Inhibitor-2 sensitive PP-1 represented 90% of total phosphatase activity. Spontaneous and total PP-1 activities were reduced in insulin resistant subjects (P less than 0.05-0.01), suggesting that the reduced PP-1 activity is not the result of inhibition by trypsin-labile phosphatase regulatory subunits. This difference was further investigated by Western blots using two different antibodies. An antibody raised against the rabbit muscle PP-1 catalytic subunit was used to analyze muscle extracts concentrated by DEAE-Sepharose adsorption. An antibody raised against a peptide derived from the COOH-terminal end of the PP-1 catalytic subunit was used to analyze crude muscle extracts. Both antibodies recognized a PP-1 catalytic subunit of approximately 33 kD, which unexpectedly was more abundant in insulin-resistant subjects (P less than 0.05-0.01). The increase in the tissue PP-1 protein content may be a response to compensate for the impairment in the enzyme activity.
A METHOD OF SKIN-GRAFTING
Authors: S. Samuel
Journal: BMJ (1921)

BtTnl-EIA ORA flulid in this oase-was secr4ed into.the.peritceal.cavity.Thle amoutnt removed, is niot given, but as miuchl as 16 and 18 pinlts were w-ithdrawn at a time, so that the total quantity miglht possibly l)e greater than in the case now recorded.This patielt also "ate, slept, aind looked wvell" after many tappungs.Dr. Pye-Smith stated.that he-should have recom- meti(lend early operative interference miore-urgenitly than he dlit], because removal of a primaxy papilloma is sometimes followved by shrivelling of the seconldary growth and a complete cnre.
Professional Ethics in Medicine in Our Time
Authors: Ignacio Chávez
Journal: JAMA (1964)

JEAN GOSSET said recently that at the present time it is not fashionable to speak of professional ethics. One is in danger of being labelled as a moralist, a hypocrite, or at least a utopian idealist. This, unfortunately, is true, and for this reason I cannot rid myself of certain feelings of discomfort as I stand here before you to talk, as I have been asked to do, about the conflicts of professional ethics when confronted with certain of the problems of our time.  The basic theme, that of medical morality, is so old that Hippocrates himself went to some lengths to define it in his famous oath, 24 centuries ago. But we must agree that, old as it is, it has not lost its vitality, and continues to be a permanent source of concern in every doctor's conscience. Deep inside us we are aware that the dictates of a
Managing agitation and aggression after head injury
Authors: S. Fleminger
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Minimum use of drugs and early care in rehabilitation units are recommended 

Too many patients recovering from a head injury on medical and surgical wards across the United Kingdom are being given too much haloperidol. This is a view voiced by members of the UK Brain Injury Psychiatrists group, who are aware that drugs to treat mental disorders are often given to patients after head injury,1 though these patients are particularly vulnerable to their side effects. For example, haloperidol, is usually given to manage agitation, can hinder recovery, and its side effects include motor restlessness (akithisia) and increased confusion.2 There is a danger of the treatment chasing its own tail.

Although haloperidol may be quite appropriate for the management of acute agitation or aggression if the problem persists for more than one or two days, then “as required” drugs should be stopped. A review of the patient, if possible with the help of a liaison …
Response to Commentary of Hultgren et al on 'Aortocoronary-Artery-Bypass: Assessment After 13 Years'
Authors: Michael E. DeBakey, Gerald M. Lawrie
Journal: JAMA (1979)

THE REPLY of Hultgren et al<sup>1</sup>to our COMMENTARY on the assessment of coronary bypass<sup>2</sup>fails to answer the most serious criticisms of the Veterans Administration Cooperative Study, presents the data from Baylor College of Medicine in an inaccurate, distorted form, and draws yet another set of false conclusions. Our original COMMENTARY was published on Feb 27,1978, only a few weeks after publication of the report of Read and associates.<sup>3</sup>At the time our COMMENTARY was written, we quoted accurately from the only available source of the VA Cooperative Study.<sup>4</sup>The mean follow-up of 21 months was therefore quoted accurately.<sup>4</sup>Read and co-workers<sup>3</sup>subsequently published a follow-up on their patients of up to four years. Only 114 of 332 surgical patients (34%) had, however, been followed up to four years compared with a full five or more years' follow-up for all our patients. To
Arthroscopy of the Knee Joint in the Diagnosis and Follow-up Observation of Osteochondritis Dissecans
Authors: M. Mann
Journal: Endoscopy (1980)

Arthroscopy of the knee joint in patients with osteochondritis dissecans provides useful information that cannot be obtained by previously available examination techniques, both in the diagnostic work-up and in follow-up examinations. Thus, on the one hand, primary arthroscopy makes it possible to arrive at a relatively certain decision as to the therapeutic measures to be adopted, without the need for exploratory arthrotomy while, on the other hand, follow-up arthroscopy permits the effectiveness of the selected therapeutic measures to be examined. As a result, it becomes possible, at an early stage, to adopt other measures when revision of the therapy is required, even when the need for this has not yet become apparent either clinically or radiologically. Follow-up arthroscopy in the case of patients treated conservatively is indicated after 4 and 8 months, since in these cases, surgical procedures can be adopted where indicated. Our experience to date indicates that arthroscopic follow-up examination carried out 4 months postoperatively is too early. Only after about 8 months are visible changes of the cartilage that permit a prognosis with respect to the healing-in of the osteochondral fragment, can be expected. Further investigations should be carried out to determine whether, as some of our last arthroscopic examinations suggest, reparative processes in the region of chondromalacial changes can occur more than one year postoperatively.
Abstract 311: Autophagic pathways and activity in breast and pancreatic cancer
Authors: Mar Egilsson, Ulfur Thoroddsen, Jon Gunnlaugur Jonasson, Margret Helga Ogmundsdottir, Helga M. Ögmundsdottir
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Autophagy is induced as a homeostatic process by energy shortage and cellular stress but can also be influenced by drugs. Poor autophagic function contributes to carcinogenesis but autophagy also promotes survival of tumours. We performed immunohistochemistry for LC3, pAMP kinase, p62, p53 on 15 samples from breast cancer and 14 from pancreatic cancer. P53 mutations were detected using CDGE. Autophagy was active (LC3 puncta in ≥ 30% of cells) in 5/15 breast carcinomas and 7/14 pancreatic carcinomas. This was associated with energy shortage (strong pAMP kinase expression) in 4/5 in breast samples and 5/7 in those from pancreas, often clearly colocalized when expression was variable. In contrast, activation of AMP kinase was not associated with autophagy in 4/8 breast and 2/7 pancreatic cancers. In 2/5 breast samples and 2/7 from pancreas impaired autophagic flux was suggested by absent cytoplasmic LC3 staining and strong expression of p62. Nuclear expression of p53 was seen in 10/15 breast cancer samples and of those 3 were mutated, 11/14 pancreas samples showed nuclear staining for p53, none mutated. Three out of 7 non-mutated p53-protein-positive breast cancers had low autophagy. Autophagy was thus often associated with energy shortage, can clearly also be induced by other pathways, but p53 appears not to be involved. Lack of autophagy in the presence of energy shortage suggests defects in induction. There is, therefore, considerable variability in autophagic pathways and activity in cancer and this will have to be taken into account when considering therapeutic intervention in the autophagic process. Citation Format: Mar Egilsson, Ulfur Thoroddsen, Jon Gunnlaugur Jonasson, Margret Helga Ogmundsdottir, Helga M. Ögmundsdottir. Autophagic pathways and activity in breast and pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 311. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-311
Unjustified seclusion of psychiatric patients is breach of human rights
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Two hospitals caring for detained psychiatric patients were wrong to disregard provisions on the use of seclusion—the hospital equivalent of solitary confinement—in the Mental Health Act code of practice, the Court of Appeal ruled last week.

The judgment, which lawyers and psychiatrists expect will have far reaching consequences, overturned two earlier High Court case rulings that held that the hospitals had to have regard to the code of practice but were not obliged to follow it.

The appeal court held that unjustified seclusion is a breach of article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights: the right to respect for private life. The right can be interfered with only for …
Postartesunate delayed hemolysis is a predictable event related to the lifesaving effect of artemisinins
Authors: Stéphane Jauréguiberry, Papa A. Ndour, Camille Roussel, Flavie Ader, Innocent Safeukui, Marie Nguyen, Sylvestre Biligui, Liliane Ciceron, Oussama Mouri, Eric Kendjo, François Bricaire, Muriel Vray, Adéla Angoulvant, Julien Mayaux, Kasturi Haldar, Dominique Mazier, Martin Danis, Eric Caumes, Marc Thellier, Pierre Buffet
Journal: Blood (2014)
An evaluation of combinations of diaziquone, etoposide and mitoxantrone in the treatment of adults with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia: results of 8722, a randomized phase II study conducted by Cancer and Leukemia Group B
Authors: EJ Lee, SL George, PC Amrein, PA Paciucci, SL Allen, CA Schiffer
Journal: Leukemia (1998)
ABC of sexual health: Taking a sexual history
Authors: J. Tomlinson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Many doctors are concerned about their ability to take an appropriate history from a patient with a sexual problem. The main difference from an ordinary medical history is that the patient (and often the doctor) is commonly embarrassed and uncomfortable. Patients may feel ashamed or even humiliated at having to ask for help with a sexual problem that they think is private and that they should be able to cope with themselves. This is particularly so with men, especially young men, who have to admit to erectile dysfunction and therefore, as they see it, the loss of their masculinity. Some hospital doctors get over this initial difficulty by giving patients a preconsultation questionnaire. Many patients like this, but a substantial number dislike its anonymity and apparent coldness.

As with other history taking, the doctor must consider how to put the patient at ease,find out what the real problem is, discover the patient's background and clinical history, and then work out a plan of management with the patient. The doctor should try to avoidshowing embarrassment, especially if the patient wants to talk about things that are outside the doctor's experience, as this can cause the patient to clam up.

Above all, there must be sufficient time allowed, and 45-60 minutes is an ideal that is unfortunately not often possible to achieve, although in general practice the patient can be asked to come back for a longer appointment at another time.

If the doctor's attitude is matter of fact, …
Two novel 1α-hydroxylase mutations in French-Canadians with vitamin D dependency rickets type I
Authors: Tadashi Yoshida, Toshiaki Monkawa, Harriet S. Tenenhouse, Paul Goodyer, Toshimasa Shinki, Tatsuo Suda, Shu Wakino, Matsuhiko Hayashi, Takao Saruta
Journal: Kidney International (1998)
Increased expression of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α on trephine biopsies correlates with extensive bone disease, increased angiogenesis and advanced stage in newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: M Roussou, A Tasidou, M A Dimopoulos, E Kastritis, M Migkou, D Christoulas, M Gavriatopoulou, F Zagouri, C Matsouka, D Anagnostou, E Terpos
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
Real-time cross-sectional echocardiographic imaging and measurement of the patent ductus arteriosus in infants and children.
Authors: D J Sahn, H D Allen
Journal: Circulation (1978)

While echocardiography has been used to noninvasively document indirect effects on the heart of left-to-right shunting through a patent ductus arteriosus, no noninvasive technique has been developed to image the duct itself. In this study, 35 sequential studies were performed on 28 patients with a mechanical sector scanner to image the distal pulmonary artery and its bifurcation by scanning along the axis of the right ventricular outflow tract. Cross-sectional imaging, just superior to the take-off of the right pulmonary artery, provided visualization of the patent ductus as a distal continuation of the pulmonary artery connecting to the descending aorta. Ductal visualization by cross-sectional echo was validated by saline echo contrast observations of right-to-left and left-to-right shunting through the duct in 14 patients, by surgical observations in 11, angiographic observations in 13 and autopsy observations in three. Angiographic size of the ductus arteriosus, whether constricted or widely patent, tortuous or straight, was predicted correctly and echo/angiographic correlations for smallest inner ductal dimension were excellent (r = 0.97). This study provides a method for and validates the direct imaging of the ductus arteriosus and suggests that cross-sectional echocardiography can accurately predict ductal contour and quantitative ductal cross-sectional size noninvasively.