tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Cardiology in Perspective
Authors: WILLIAM C. MONTGOMERY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1987Pediatric Cardiology in PerspectiveWILLIAM C. MONTGOMERY, M.D.WILLIAM C. MONTGOMERY, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-107-4-602 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The article by Howell on American cardiology (1) contained serious inaccuracies about the role pediatric cardiology plays as a subspecialty in pediatric care today.Pediatric cardiology is an active and important subspecialty field in pediatrics. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has had a Section on Pediatric Cardiology since 1957. The section currently has 450 members. Membership in the section requires that the physician pass the sub-boards in pediatric cardiology given by the American Board of Pediatrics. As of 1986, 747 persons have passed the sub-boards. The section meeting, held annually in conjunction with the AAP Fall...Reference1. HOWELL J. The changing face of twentieth-century American cardiology. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:772-82. Google Scholar1. . Annual Report and Reference Handbook. Chicago: American Board of Medical Specialties; 1986. Google Scholar2. KLETKE P, SCHLEITER M, and TARLOV A. Changes in the supply of internists: the internal medicine population from 1978 to 1998. Ann Intern Med. 1987; 107:93-100. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: WILLIAM C. MONTGOMERY, M.D.Affiliations: American Academy of Pediatrics Elk Grove Village, IL 60009-0927 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1987Volume 107, Issue 4Page: 602-603KeywordsFallsPediatric cardiologySub-specialty care ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
INTRAVENOUS NEEDLE WITH VACUUM CUP
Authors: Henry W. Abelmann
Journal: JAMA (1923)

This instrument is useful for the administration of intravenous medication, such as arsphenamin, for taking blood for various tests, and for blood transfusion or bloodletting, for which the needle was originally devised. The chief and unique feature of the needle is the vacuum cup, which possesses the distinct advantage of absolutely fixing the needle and holding it firmly in place after its introduction into the vein. Every physician who does intravenous work will at once appreciate this feature, as it eliminates the trouble of the needle's slipping out of the vein or becoming dislodged during the operation. Other important advantages aside from fixation are that: The needle is economical to use, being so constructed that the holder will accommodate any size gage Luer needle. The operator can, therefore, interchange needles easily or replace the old, worn-out needle with a new one. The needle can be used with any apparatus, thus
A general practice based survey of bronchial hyperresponsiveness and its relation to symptoms, sex, age, atopy, and smoking.
Authors: C J Trigg, J B Bennett, M Tooley, B Sibbald, M F D'Souza, R J Davies
Journal: Thorax (1990)

The prevalence and associations of bronchial hyperresponsiveness were investigated in a general practice population. The sample was obtained by using every 12th patient on the practice age-sex register, replacing non-responders with corresponding age and sex matched individuals from up to two further 1 in 12 samples. The response rate was 43%; 366 patients were studied. Doubling concentrations of methacholine were given to a maximum of 32 mg/ml or until a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) occurred (provocation concentration, PC20FEV1). Bronchial hyperresponsiveness was defined arbitrarily as a PC20FEV1 of 2 mg/ml or less (or 11 mumol cumulative dose, PD20FEV1). The prevalence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness was 23%. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness was not associated with age but was more prevalent in women than men (31%:13%). It was also more common in those who had ever wheezed (39%) and in those who had had an attack of rhinitis in the preceding month (45%, p less than 0.1), in atopic individuals (30%), and in smokers (32%), but it was not associated with cough or dyspnoea. There was a positive correlation between PC20FEV1 and resting FEV1 (r = 0.288) and a negative correlation between PC20FEV1 and mean daily peak flow variability (r = -0.356). Stepwise binary logistic regression analysis showed significant independent effects on PC20FEV1 for mean daily peak flow variability, gender, number of positive skin test responses, resting FEV1, and mean histamine skin weal area, but no relation with smoking or mean allergen weal area. The prevalence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness was much higher than the prevalence of diagnosed asthma in the practice in 1984 (4.9%). Analysis of case notes of 169 individuals showed that those with bronchial hyperresponsiveness had not attended the practice more frequently for respiratory complaints during the previous five years.
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness in young children with allergic rhinitis and its risk factors
Authors: S. H. Choi, Y. Yoo, J. Yu, C.‐S. Rhee, Y.‐G. Min, Y. Y. Koh
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: Subjects with allergic rhinitis but no clinical evidence of asthma have greater bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), and several factors have been implicated as its determinants. However, studies in young children are lacking. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of BHR in young children with allergic rhinitis and to investigate its risk factors. Methods: Methacholine bronchial challenges were performed in 4‐ to 6‐year‐old nonasthmatic children with allergic rhinitis ( n = 83) and in healthy nonatopic controls ( n = 32), using a modified auscultation method. The end‐point was defined as the appearance of wheezing and/or oxygen desaturation. Subjects were considered to have BHR when they had end‐point concentrations of methacholine ≤8 mg/mL. Clinical and laboratory data in allergic rhinitis patients and a history of allergic diseases in their parents were collected. Results: BHR was observed in 27 subjects with allergic rhinitis (32.5%) and three controls (9.4%). Among subjects with allergic rhinitis, serum total IgE, the number and pattern of skin‐prick test responses, blood eosinophil markers, and parental history of allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis were not different between the BHR(+) and BHR(−) groups, whereas the persistent type of rhinitis and parental history of asthma were more frequent in the BHR(+) group than in the BHR(−) group. These associations remained significant in a multivariable logistic regression. Conclusions: Young children with allergic rhinitis alone showed an increased prevalence of BHR. Both persistent type of rhinitis and parental history of asthma were significant and independent risk factors for BHR in these children.
Monolayer culture of cells from psoriatic lesions
Authors: J. R. COOPER, M. A. COWAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

Journal Article Monolayer culture of cells from psoriatic lesions Get access J. R. COOPER, J. R. COOPER M. R. C. Unit on the Experimental Pathology of Skin, The Medical School, The University, Birmingham 15 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. A. COWAN M. A. COWAN M. R. C. Unit on the Experimental Pathology of Skin, The Medical School, The University, Birmingham 15 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 91, Issue 3, 1 September 1974, Pages 275–280, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb12896.x Published: 01 September 1974 Article history Accepted: 08 January 1974 Published: 01 September 1974
p53 tumor suppressor gene: at the crossroads of molecular carcinogenesis, molecular epidemiology, and cancer risk assessment.
Authors: C C Harris
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Carcinogenesis is a multistage process involving the inappropriate activation of normal cellular genes to become oncogenes, e.g., ras, and the inactivation of other cellular genes called tumor suppressor genes. p53 is the prototypic tumor suppressor gene that is well suited as a molecular link between the causes of cancer, i.e., carcinogenic chemical and physical agents and certain viruses, and the development of clinical cancer. The p53 tumor suppressor gene is mutated in the majority of human cancers. Genetic analysis of human cancer is providing clues to the etiology of these diverse tumors and to the functions of the p53 gene. Some of the mutations in the p53 gene reflect endogenous causes of cancer, whereas others are characteristic of carcinogens found in our environment. In geographic areas where hepatitis B virus and a dietary chemical carcinogen, aflatoxin B1, are risk factors of liver cancer, a molecular signature of the chemical carcinogen is found in the mutated p53 gene. A different molecular signature in the p53 gene is found in skin cancer caused by sunlight. Because mutations in the p53 gene can occur in precancerous lesions in the lung, breast, esophagus, and colon, molecular analysis of the p53 gene in exfoliated cells found in either body fluids or tissue biopsies may identify individuals at increased cancer risk. p53 mutations in tumors generally indicate a poorer prognosis. In summary, the recent history of p53 investigations is a paradigm in cancer research, illustrating both the convergence of previously parallel lines of basic, clinical, and epidemiologic investigation and the rapid translation of research findings from the laboratory to the clinic.
Eighth Biannual Report of the Cochrane Haematological Malignancies Group--Focus on Chronic Lymphatic Leukemia
Authors: C. Herbst, I. Monsef, N. Skoetz, A. Engert
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2008)

In our present summary of key features of recent RCTs, we focus on chronic lymphatic leukemia. Four recently published trials in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are presented in detail: three examine different therapeutic options for first-line therapy for CLL and one addresses the role of oblimersen sodium (Bcl-2 antisense) as an addition to cyclophosphamide and fludarabine. In lesser detail, we present the results of three other interesting trials published during the 9-month period. After a short overview of the clinical relevance and the selection of patients for these trials, we discuss important methodologic aspects of each trial, eg, randomization, loss to follow-up, dropout rate, and statistical analysis. We also discuss the results of the primary efficacy endpoints and the methods used to report health-related quality of life. The main objective of this summary report is to provide the knowledge in a way that busy practitioners can easily interpret it. Published Trials in Patients With CLL CLL is a chronic disease of the B-cell lineage that is characterized by an accumulation of ineffective lymphocytes. Because early treatment is not associated with increased length of survival, treatment is reserved for patients with clinical symptoms or rapidly progressing disease. CLL is staged according to the Binet criteria or Rai’s criteria, both of which are based on the number of lymphatic sites or organs (liver, spleen) affected as
London's private doctors protest at "managed care"
Authors: J. Sims
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The London Consultants' Association has called on doctors to refuse to sign contracts with insurance companies that limit their clinical freedom and management.

The move is a reaction to attempts by BUPA and the Private Patients Association, both providers of private health insurance schemes, to exercise greater control over their work. At the end of last month, BUPA announced that, in future, consultants will have to get …
5-Aminoisoquinolinone reduces renal injury and dysfunction caused by experimental ischemia/reperfusion
Authors: Prabal K. Chatterjee, Bristi E. Chatterjee, Helene Pedersen, Ahila Sivarajah, Michelle C. McDonald, Helder Mota-Filipe, Paul A.J. Brown, Keith N. Stewart, Salvatore Cuzzocrea, Michael D. Threadgill, Christoph Thiemermann
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
Leiomyoma of the Jejunum
Authors: Samuel F. Marshall, Mark L. Welch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

MASSIVE hemorrhage into the gastrointestinal tract is usually associated with a penetrating ulcer of the posterior wall of the duodenum. Serious massive hemorrhage, however, occasionally occurs with the less frequent benign leiomyoma and malignant leiomyosarcoma of the stomach and small intestine. In the case of leiomyoma of the jejunum with massive enterorrhagia and melena reported below, the preoperative diagnosis was bleeding duodenal ulcer.Leiomyoma of the small intestine is rare. Smith,1 in 1937, in a review of the literature, was able to collect 513 cases of leiomyomas of the gastrointestinal tract. Of these, 50 occurred in the esophagus, 321 in . . .
Opportunities for Palliative Care in Public Health
Authors: Liliana De Lima, Tania Pastrana
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2015)

In May 2014, the World Health Assembly, of the World Health Organization (WHO), unanimously adopted a palliative care (PC) resolution, which outlines clear recommendations to the United Nations member states, such as including PC in national health policies and in the undergraduate curricula for health care professionals, and highlights the critical need for countries to ensure that there is an adequate supply of essential PC medicines, especially those needed to alleviate pain. This resolution also carries great challenges: Every year over 20 million patients (of which 6% are children) need PC at the end of life (EOL). However, in 2011, approximately three million patients received PC, and only one in ten people in need is currently receiving it. We describe this public health situation and systems failure, the history and evolution of PC, and the components of the WHO public health model. We propose a role for public health for PC integration in community settings to advance PC and relieve suffering in the world.
Calcitonin elevation in small cell lung cancer without ectopic production.
Authors: M J Kelley, K L Becker, J M Rushin, D Venzon, R Phelps, D C Ihde, D P Bliss, K Melby, R H Snider, B E Johnson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

To determine the relative contribution of ectopic calcitonin (CT) production versus nonectopic secretion of CT in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), serum and urine immunoreactive CT (iCT) levels of 86 different subjects were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) using two polyclonal antisera (Ab3b and Ab4). The subjects included 49 previously untreated patients with SCLC, 17 smokers, and 20 nonsmokers. Serum and urine iCT values were highest in the patients with SCLC, intermediate in the smokers, and lowest in the nonsmokers (p < 0.0003). Sixteen of the 49 patients with SCLC had tumor cell lines available for determination of CT mRNA expression by RNase protection assay (RPA) and iCT production by RIA. CT mRNA was detected in nine of 16 subjects and iCT in eight of 16. The tumor cell lines of seven patients had undetectable CT by both RPA and RIA, and of these, five had elevated urine or serum iCT values compared with those of nonsmokers, and two had levels above all values in the smoker group. Immunohistochemical staining of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples detected iCT in two of four tumors from patients whose tumor cell lines had CT mRNA by RPA and iCT by RIA, but in none of six whose tumor cell lines had undetectable CT mRNA. Thus, increased iCT values in some patients with SCLC are likely due to sources other than CT production by tumor cells.
How evidence based is English public health policy?
Authors: S. V. Katikireddi, M. Higgins, L. Bond, C. Bonell, S. Macintyre
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi and colleagues</b>' analysis of the government's white paper <i>Healthy Lives, Healthy People</i> finds many of the interventions proposed lack evidence of effectiveness and some have even been shown not to work
Surgery for Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: further experience with an epicardial approach.
Authors: G M Guiraudon, G J Klein, A D Sharma, D L Jones, D G McLellan
Journal: Circulation (1986)

We have previously reported the use of an epicardial approach for ablation of left ventricular free wall accessory atrioventricular pathways. The technique involves mobilization of the atrioventricular fat pad and exposure and cryoablation of the atrioventricular junction at the site of the accessory pathway on the normothermic beating heart. Here we describe our further experience with left ventricular free wall accessory pathways and right ventricular free wall accessory pathways. Our experience is based on 53 consecutive patients. There were 35 male and 18 female subjects, 6 to 52 (mean 41.4) years old. Forty-eight patients had a left ventricular free wall accessory pathway, and five had a right ventricular free wall accessory pathway. Two patients had an associated anterior septal accessory pathway. Five patients had associated cardiac abnormalities, including atrial septal defect, aortic insufficiency, mitral valve prolapse, Ebstein's anomaly, and cardiomyopathy. The accessory pathway was ablated in 52 patients who remain arrhythmia free without medication after a mean follow-up period of 12 months. The accessory pathway was permanently modified in one patient. There were no postoperative complications. This epicardial approach can be performed with normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass or without bypass. It does not require cross-clamping of the aorta, allowing a greater margin of safety when this is required for concomitant procedures.
941-19 A Scintigraphic Prognostication is Important in Young Patients with Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Takashi Furuno, Jun Takata, Toshikazu Yabe, Yoshihisa Matsumura, Taishiro Chikamori, Syoji Yoshida, Yoshinori Doi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Role modelling—making the most of a powerful teaching strategy
Authors: Sylvia R Cruess, Richard L Cruess, Yvonne Steinert
Journal: BMJ (2008)

In conclusion, many of the NICE recommendations will prove beneficial in ensuring that women with preexisting or gestational diabetes receive comprehensive care that aims to minimise risks to mother and baby.The recommendations will be most helpful for clinicians managing predominantly white women with type 1 diabetes and a high uptake of medical care and low deprivation; however, in areas with an increasingly obese, ethnically diverse population and a high risk of type 2 and gestational diabetes, implementation will be more challenging.
Targeting the leukemia microenvironment by CXCR4 inhibition overcomes resistance to kinase inhibitors and chemotherapy in AML
Authors: Zhihong Zeng, Yue Xi Shi, Ismael J. Samudio, Rui-Yu Wang, Xiaoyang Ling, Olga Frolova, Mark Levis, Joshua B. Rubin, Robert R. Negrin, Elihu H. Estey, Sergej Konoplev, Michael Andreeff, Marina Konopleva
Journal: Blood (2008)
Pedro de la Torre: Doctor to Conquerors
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1974)

De la Torre comes into history via three discrete episodes—1545, 1551, and 1554—each represented by bundles of archival documents. Professor Lanning, studying these documents, has provided a brilliant picture of a medical scoundrel and the complex social and cultural environment of an unfamiliar era. De la Torre, a braggart and liar, although apparently a talented one, claimed to be a medical graduate of Padua, but his "degree" was self-conferred. His first appearance in the archives concerns his prosecution for practicing medicine illegally, without qualifications. Convicted, he was subjected to severe penalties, but he managed not only to avoid these but even to resume practice, with the connivance of his judges. At this time, there were extremely few qualified medical men in the New World; epidemics, especially smallpox, were rife; rich people demanded medical attention; poor people wanted it; and the stage was set for charlatans. In Torre's second appearance in
WHO alliance aims to tackle the world's lack of health workers
Authors: Christiane Rehwagen
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A new global partnership that aims to improve the world's shortage of doctors, nurses, midwives, and other health workers was launched at last week's World Health Assembly in Geneva. The announcement came six weeks after the World Health Organization made the issue a priority in its annual report, in which it called for a global action plan to tackle the shortage of an estimated 4.2 million health workers. …
Iron loading and its clinical implications
Authors: Chaim Hershko
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

The main aspects of iron loading and the consequent clinical implications described in this series of articles are summarized in this final chapter. Despite mechanisms to maintain iron homeostasis, harmful iron accumulation can occur in patients with hereditary defects of regulatory proteins, such as hepcidin, or with transfusion-dependent anemias, such as thalassemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. Identifying the role of nontransferrin bound iron in the pathogenesis of disease allows for better treatment strategies to prevent and reverse iron toxicity. In addition, accurate noninvasive methods to reliably assess iron accumulation and chelation are now available. Continuous chelation coverage, which can be achieved with combination therapy (deferoxamine and deferiprone) or deferasirox, is expected to provide optimal protection from iron toxicity. As more long-term data on these drugs accumulate, the role of oral and combination chelation therapies in relation to blood transfusion, as well as other iron overload disorders, will become clearer.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills of preregistration house officers: five years on.
Authors: F Morris, S G Tordoff, D Wallis, D V Skinner
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Ratio of male to female infants according to whether mothers did not or did require manual removal of placenta Did not require manual removal Did require manual removal Male infants Female infants Ratio Male infants Female infants Ratio
Tastes of Mosquitoes.
Authors: Henry Leffmann
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Philadelphia, Sept. 15, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The editorial reference inThe Journal, September 15, page 865, to some observations on the preferences of mosquitoes in the matter of clothes, leads me to call attention to a source of error in such experiments. Some years ago a bulletin of the Hygienic Laboratory of the United States Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service detailed experiments on different colored stuffs with a view of determining if mosquitoes possess color preferences. I have not the bulletin at hand, but my recollection is that yellow was found to be least sought. The error that enters into such tests is that the avoidance of some colors may be due to the odor of the dyestuff and not to the color. Many of the yellow colors now in use are nitroderivatives, and even a very minute exhalation of a nitrocompound would be likely to be objectionable to
Unfilled posts in the north.
Authors: G. Discombe
Journal: BMJ (1968)

MEDITALJSHkNAL 299 undesirable: brucellosisleptospirosis, and boutonneuse fever also are known as Medi- terranean fevers, and abdominal pain, not fever, is the outstanding feature.Episodes are not always unpredictable as stated, but recur regularly for years in some Israeli victims' and in many others.'Periodic precision can be demonstrated if events are registered continuously.Periodic fever is a separate entity.It does occur in Jewish people, in Aryans, Japanese, and Negroes.Amyloidosis has ensued.'Periodic fever, like periodic polyserositis, is rarely influenced by corticosteroid therapy.Aetiocholanolone has no causal relation to either disorder.'-I am, etc.,