tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Summer and Death from Neuroblastoma
Authors: R. W. Miller, J. A. Hill
Journal: BMJ (1967)

sory or perceptual changes.Will a flexible " law " forbid the possession of any drugs at all without a prescription ?There might be something to be said for this, whereas for the present policy of changing the law, or designating secret and in fact non-existent treatment centres, there is absolutely nothing to be said.It is time to examine comprehensively the attitude of our society to the flood of new chemicals that it is itself calling into exist- ence.What new kinds of drug action do we need ?If we will only specify them, our inventive and resourceful pharmaceutical industry is very likely to produce them.Meanwhile, it is apparent that we need hallucinogens, for they are what we are getting.Why ?We need scientific answers, not guesses themselves based on fantasies.Perhaps we should begin by asking that our legislators recognize this as the kind of ques- tion that matters, and that not until we have tried to answer it scientifically can there be any reasonable basis for changing the law, whether in the direction of increased flexibility or the reverse-I am, etc.,
Doxycycline Attenuates Protein Aggregation in Cardiomyocytes and Improves Survival of a Mouse Model of Cardiac Proteinopathy
Authors: Hanqiao Zheng, Mingxin Tang, Qingwen Zheng, Asangi R.K. Kumarapeli, Kathleen M. Horak, Zongwen Tian, Xuejun Wang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Inhibition of Na-K pump current in guinea pig ventricular myocytes by dihydroouabain occurs at high- and low-affinity sites.
Authors: D J Mogul, H H Rasmussen, D H Singer, R E Ten Eick
Journal: Circulation Research (1989)

Binding of cardiac glycosides to the Na+,K+-dependent ATPase has been shown to occur at both high- and low-affinity sites. However, recent reports suggest that glycoside-induced inhibition of electrogenic Na-K pump current occurs with simple first-order binding kinetics at relatively low-affinity sites. This implies that high-affinity binding sites have little to do with Na-K pump inhibition during exposure to cardiac glycosides. To better understand the role of the high-affinity site, we investigated the concentration dependence of Ipump inhibition by dihydroouabain (DHO) in guinea pig ventricular myocytes through use of wide-pore patch pipettes to "fix" internal Na+ activity at approximately 30 mM and to voltage clamp at -40 mV (T = 34 degrees C). DHO was found to have no effect on membrane conductance at a holding potential of -40 mV. Holding current was monitored and the difference between steady-state holding current before and during external exposure to nine concentrations (range, 0.01-1,000 microM) of DHO was measured and normalized to cellular membrane capacitance. The concentration dependence of the inhibition of Na-K pump current was biphasic and well fitted to a two-binding site model with inhibitory KD values of 0.05 microM and 64.5 microM. This is consistent with previously reported 3H-ouabain binding studies in guinea pig myocardium. These findings indicate that the electrogenic properties of the Na-K pump can be inhibited by glycoside binding to both high- and low-affinity sites.
Multicellular Origin of Parathyroid “Adenomas”
Authors: Philip J. Fialkow, Charles E. Jackson, Melvin A. Block, Kenneth A. Greenawald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Most cases of primary hyperparathyroidism are associated with enlargement of a single gland (i.e., an "adenoma") or with chief-cell hyperplasia, but there is controversy about the relative frequency of each of these entities. It has even been postulated that adenomas do not arise spontaneously, bu- result from prolonged hyperplasia in response to unknown stimuli. We studied four parathyroid adenomas from three women with heterozygosity (GdB/GdA) for the X-chromosome-linked enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, to determine the number of cells from which the growths arise. Unicellular origin would be compatible with a rare oncogenic event, whereas multicellular origin might be seen with hyperplasia. Both B and A isoenzymes were found in each "adenoma" in proportions similar to those observed in normal tissues, indicating that the lesions have multicellular origin. Thus, parathyroid hyperplasia and adenomas, which at best are difficult to distinguish from one another pathologically, may also be similar biologically.
Neuroanatomical structures and segregated circuits
Authors: Philip Lieberman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Segregated neural circuits that effect particular domain-specific behaviors can be differentiated from neuroanatomical structures implicated in many different aspects of behavior. The basal ganglionic components of circuits regulating nonlinguistic motor behavior, speech, and syntax all function in a similar manner. Hence, it is unlikely that special properties and evolutionary mechanisms are associated with the neural bases of human language.
NHS Confederation calls for compulsory insurance to fund care of elderly people
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The United Kingdom should bring in compulsory insurance to cope with the care needs of the growing elderly population, argues the NHS Confederation, the body that represents the managers and directors of NHS trusts across the UK.

Its debate paper Funding Tomorrow Today says that the current social care system is unable to deliver targeted social care to all those who could benefit from it, let alone universal provision.

And things are only going to get worse, it says. The number of UK people aged over 65 years will rise by 400 000 over the next three years, the paper estimates, with a particularly steep rise occurring in the number of people aged over 85. Currently a quarter of people aged over 85 have some …
Dissolution of Human Insulin
Authors: David S. Schade
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Intermediate- (isophane or NPH) and long-acting (ultralente) insulins are injected every day by millions of diabetic patients. Surprisingly, little is known about the actual dissolution of the insulin crystal in subcutaneous tissue. However, it is known that the appearance of the free insulin into the circulation is erratic, resulting in as much as a 100% day-to-day variation in blood insulin levels from the same quantity of injected NPH insulin. 1 In an attempt to understand the initial steps in the dissolution of the insulin crystal, we perfused human NPH insulin crystals (recombinant DNA derived, Eli Lilly & Co, Indianapolis) with a physiological solution for four hours at a flow rate of 50 mL/h at 27°C. The solution contained sodium, 142 mmol/L (142 mEq/L); chloride, 121 mmol/L (121 mEq/L); bicarbonate, 25 mmol/L (25 mEq/L); and potassium, 4 mmol/L (4 mEq/L), at a pH of 7.4. The insulin crystals were perfused on a
Expression of Genes Involved in Oxidative Stress Responses in Airway Epithelial Cells of Smokers with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Stefan Pierrou, Per Broberg, Rory A. O'Donnell, Krzysztof Pawłowski, Robert Virtala, Eva Lindqvist, Audrey Richter, Susan J. Wilson, Gilbert Angco, Sebastian Möller, Håkan Bergstrand, Witte Koopmann, Elisabet Wieslander, Per-Erik Strömstedt, Stephen T. Holgate, Donna E. Davies, Johan Lund, Ratko Djukanovic
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

The molecular mechanisms involved in airway oxidative stress responses reported in healthy smokers and in those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are poorly understood.To assess the expression of genes involved in oxidative stress responses in the bronchial epithelium of smokers with or without COPD and in relation to disease severity.Global gene expression was assessed in bronchial brushings in 38 subjects with COPD, 14 healthy nonsmokers, and 18 healthy smokers.Gene expression analysis using Affymetrix arrays revealed mRNAs representing 341 out of 642 oxidative stress genes from two predefined gene sets to be differentially expressed in healthy nonsmokers when compared with healthy smokers, and 200 differentially expressed oxidative genes in subjects with COPD when compared with healthy smokers. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that pathways involved in oxidant/antioxidant responses were among the most differentially expressed gene pathways in smoking individuals, with further differences seen in COPD. Distinct, nonlinear gene expression patterns were identified across the severity spectrum of COPD, which correlated with the presence of certain transcription factor binding sites in their promoters. Significant changes in oxidant response genes observed in vivo were reproduced in vitro using primary bronchial epithelial cells from the same donors cultured at an air-liquid interface and exposed to cigarette smoke extract.Cigarette smoke induces significant changes in oxidant defense responses; some of these are further amplified, but not in a linear fashion, in individuals who develop COPD.
Atopic Allergy in Chronic Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Albert H. Rowe
Journal: JAMA (1963)

To the Editor:  —Since treatment of chronic ulcerative colitis (CUC) advised inThe Journal( 181 :1020 [Sept 15] 1962) does not mention atopic allergy, we wish to emphasize its importance. For over 20 yr, with increasing frequency, Andresen and the writers have reported food allergy alone, with or without inhalant allergy, especially to pollens, to be the major cause, with drug allergy the occasional cause. The localization and spreading of the lesions in the colon and also the remissions are similar to those observed in atopic eczema. The erythema, bleeding, ulcerations, and formation of scar tissue can be explained as being caused by vascular allergy.  Our routine methods of study and treatment are as follows: (1) The possibility of food allergy must be studied in all cases except when symptoms occur only during pollen seasons. Milk allergy may be the sole cause, but more frequently there are accompanying allergies to
Does Testing Accelerate Defibrillator Failure?-Reply
Authors: Richard O. Cummins
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In Reply.—  Dr Bashein raises the interesting point that perhaps overtesting can wear out a defibrillator and lead to premature defibrillator failure. In actuality, three daily low-energy charge and discharge cycles, even if performed over the first 5 years of a defibrillator's life, do not significantly stress the components. Such activity is well within the performance capabilities of currently manufactured devices. Three discharges a day for 5 years constitute only 5475 shocks. Though impressive in number, these represent only a small proportion of a defibrillator's total discharge capacity. The membership of our Defibrillator Working Group included representatives from the Emergency Care Research Institute and the Health Industry Manufacturers Association. They expressed general agreement that frequent testing will not accelerate device failure.  Dr Bashein's suggestion that frequent clinical use can substitute for discharge testing, while reasonable on the surface, raises several major concerns. One concern is that inclusion of actual clinical
A FURTHER CONTRIBUTION TO THE DIAGNOSIS OF GOUT
Authors: J. B. Berkart
Journal: BMJ (1915)

1 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MEDICAL JOtEINAL 17 vas highly albuminous, very dal-l.partlyowing to bile pig- nents, but partly no doubt to the beta-naplhthol.Mlicroscopic examiiiation slhowed a quantity of d6b-is and a few scatteredl red blood cells.No spectroscopic examnination was made.Concbi s ion?.Tlhese cases teach us-that in individuals suffering from diseases of the kidnevs beta-naplhtlhol should be used witlh tlle utmost caution, if at all.Probably it would also be wvise to go back to the old Eayptian rule of leaving an interval of a full week between ainy two treatments.Dr. J. E. A. Ferguson of British Guiana administers to patients w%ith ankylostoniasis 10 grains of thymol in a caelet every niglht for many weeks, and finds that it cures the disease comipletely without any ill effects on the- kidneys.Perlhaps other physicians who have lhad ex-
Guidelines for selective radiological assessment of inversion ankle injuries.
Authors: M G Dunlop, T F Beattie, G K White, G M Raab, R I Doull
Journal: BMJ (1986)

A prospective study was performed to establish definitive guidelines for selective use of radiography in the assessment of inversion ankle injuries. Five hundred patients were included, representing 3.2% of the workload of the department during the study period. There were 379 soft tissue injuries, 56 malleolar fractures, 40 avulsion fractures, 21 fractures at the base of the fifth metatarsal, and four calcaneal fractures. Multiple logistic regression identified distal fibular tenderness, age, and ability to bear weight as the most important clinical variables in predicting important fractures (p less than 0.001). A policy of requesting x ray examination of only those patients with distal fibular tenderness or inability to bear weight or aged over 60, with a further proviso that no foot radiographs should be obtained, would produce a 60% reduction in ankle radiography in this centre without detriment to patient care.
Academic-industrial relationships.
Authors: C A Sanders
Journal: Circulation (1985)

In conclusion, it is obvious that the delivery system for medical care is changing much faster than anticipated. Technology is the agent in this process and economics is both the driving and the limiting force: driving because it is the impetus to change the sites of medical practice, limiting because of the constrained number of dollars to allocate to technology acquisition and operation. As we move into the future, it cannot be emphasized too strongly that hospitals and industry should be complementary in this process. To do so successfully requires an understanding of the mission each seeks to pursue and of what each can do for the other.
Animation program used to encourage patients or family members to take an active role for eliminating wrong-site, wrong-person, wrong-procedure surgeries: Preliminary evaluation
Authors: Lai-Chu See, Yi-Hua Chang, Kai-Lan Chuang, Hui-Ru Lai, Pei-I. Peng, Wen-Chyi Jean, Chao-Hui Wang
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2010)
Ground-glass hepatocytes: A spectrum of inclusions
Authors: Michael A. Gerber, Pedro J. Grases
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

A new type of ground-glass hepatocyte is described. The appearance is due to pale, homogeneous, weakly eosinophilic inclusions filling a portion of or the entire hepatocytic cytoplasm. On haematoxylin and eosin stained sections, these cells closely resemble ground-glass hepatocytes described in other conditions. However, they are negative on special stains for HBsAg and on PAS staining. Immunohistochemically, they reveal a selective and exclusive positivity for fibrinogen. On electron microscopy, the immunoreactive fibrinogen appears as amorphous, fluffy or granular material within dilated cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. This finding suggests intracellular storage possibly reflecting a defective intracellular transport of fibrinogen.
Tunable Substrates Unveil Chemical Complementation of a Genetic Cell Migration Defect
Authors: Janina Kristin Hellmann, Nadine Perschmann, Joachim P. Spatz, Friedrich Frischknecht
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Cell migration is dependent on a number of physical and chemical parameters of the substrate that influence cellular signaling events as cell surface receptors interact with the substrate. These events can strengthen or loosen the contact of the cell with its environment and need to be orchestrated for efficient motility. A set of tunable substrates was used in combination with quantitative imaging to probe for potentially subtle differences in genetically modified and chemically treated rapidly migrating cells. As model cell, Plasmodium sporozoites were used, the forms of malaria parasites transmitted by the mosquito to the host. Sporozoites lacking a substrate-binding surface protein moved on different surfaces with consistently lower efficiency and were more sensitive to adhesion ligand spacing than wild type sporozoites. Addition of an actin filament stabilizing chemical agent temporarily increased sporozoite motility on soft but not on hard substrates. Defined conditions were found where the chemical completely compensates the reduced migration capacity of the genetically modified parasites. As the onset of motility was delayed for sporozoites on unfavourable gels it is suggested that the parasite can slowly adjust to environmental elasticity, possibly by adapting the interplay between surface adhesins and actin filament dynamics. This demonstrates the utility of tunable substrates to dissect molecular function in cell adhesion and motility.
New York City's Health Care Crisis: AIDS, the Poor, and Limited Resources
Authors: Aran Ron
Journal: JAMA (1988)

NEW YORK City is facing a major health care crisis—one that may be repeated in other American cities in the near future. This is the growing number of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), whose care threatens to overwhelm the city's health care resources. In our city, minorities and the poor constitute an increasing proportion of new AIDS cases. In addition, the demographic makeup of this patient population creates an increasing potential for conflicts to erupt across racial and socioeconomic class lines. The majority of new AIDS diagnoses are in intravenous drug users, their sexual partners, and infants born to these couples. More than 80% of these patients are black or Hispanic<sup>1</sup>and almost all are poor. These groups, along with homosexual AIDS patients and substance abusers who don't have AIDS, are already placing great demands on limited hospital resources. It is becoming more difficult to arrange admission for
Correlation between clinical atypia and histologic dysplasia in acquired melanocytic nevi
Authors: Giorgio Annessi, Maria Sofia Cattaruzza, Damiano Abeni, Giannandrea Baliva, Massimo Laurenza, Vittorio Macchini, Franco Melchi, Paolo Ruatti, Pietro Puddu, Tullio Faraggiana
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2001)
Clinical Utility of Immunologic Tests
Authors: ROY E. RITTS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Editorials1 June 1982Clinical Utility of Immunologic TestsROY E. RITTS JR., M.D.ROY E. RITTS JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-96-6-779 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA heightened awareness of potential immunologic mechanisms in various diseases has led increasingly to extensive and expensive immunologic testing of patients. As a result, most immunologists share a growing concern that many tests of immune function are prematurely applied in practice, and are inappropriate and far too costly for patients. This notion suggests a reversal of the accusation that medicine is very slow to adopt the clinical advances in both science and technology; indeed, this situation may be a case of too much science being clinically applied too soon.In May 1981, the World Health Organization (WHO) sponsored a meeting...References1. . Use and abuse of eight widely-used diagnostic procedures in clinical immunology: a WHO Memorandum. Bull WHO. 1981;59:717. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. TORRIGIANI G. Use and abuse of laboratory tests in clinical immunology—critical considerations of eight widely used diagnostic procedures. Clin Exp Immunol. 1981;46:662-74. Google Scholar3. BUCKLEYWRAYBELMAKER RBE. Extreme hyperimmunoglobulinemia E and undue susceptibility of infection. Pediatrics. 1972;49:59-70. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. VAN SCOYHILLRITTSQUIE RHRP. Familial neutrophil Chemotaxis defect, recurrent bacterial infections, mucocutaneous candidiasis and hyperimmunoglobulinemia E. Ann Intern Med. 1975:82: 766-71. LinkGoogle Scholar5. GOODWIN J. OKT3, OKT4 and all that. JAMA. 1981;246:947-8. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. REINHERZMORETTAROPER ELM. Human T lymphocyte subpopulations defined by Fc receptors and monoclonal antibodies. J Exp Med. 1980;151:969-74. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ROY E. RITTSJR., M.D.Affiliations: Mayo Medical School Rochester, Minnesota PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byLymphocyte markers in health and diseaseSystemic Cryptococcal Infection in HomosexualAtopic Dermatitis 1 June 1982Volume 96, Issue 6_Part_1Page: 779-781KeywordsClinical immunologyGlobal healthPatients ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1982 PDF downloadLoading ...
Phenotypic variability associated with progranulin haploinsufficiency in patients with the common 1477C→T (Arg493X) mutation: an international initiative
Authors: Rosa Rademakers, Matt Baker, Jennifer Gass, Jennifer Adamson, Edward D Huey, Parastoo Momeni, Salvatore Spina, Giovanni Coppola, Anna M Karydas, Heather Stewart, Nancy Johnson, Ging-Yuek Hsiung, Brendan Kelley, Karen Kuntz, Ellen Steinbart, Elisabeth McCarty Wood, Chang-En Yu, Keith Josephs, Eric Sorenson, Kyle B Womack, Sandra Weintraub, Stuart M Pickering-Brown, Peter R Schofield, William S Brooks, Vivianna M Van Deerlin, Julie Snowden, Christopher M Clark, Andrew Kertesz, Kevin Boylan, Bernardino Ghetti, David Neary, Gerard D Schellenberg, Thomas G Beach, Marsel Mesulam, David Mann, Jordan Grafman, Ian R Mackenzie, Howard Feldman, Thomas Bird, Ron Petersen, David Knopman, Bradley Boeve, Dan H Geschwind, Bruce Miller, Zbigniew Wszolek, Carol Lippa, Eileen H Bigio, Dennis Dickson, Neill Graff-Radford, Mike Hutton
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2007)
Folic Acid and Methotrexate in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Bernard A. Cooper
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters1 January 1996Folic Acid and Methotrexate in Rheumatoid ArthritisBernard A. Cooper, MDBernard A. Cooper, MDStanford University; San Jose, CA 94305Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-1_Part_1-199601010-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Morgan and colleagues [1] clearly showed that supplementation with folic acid improved methotrexate tolerance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. However, I find the conclusion that the folate supplement did not alter the efficacy of methotrexate somewhat difficult to accept on the basis of the data presented.The data summarized in Table 2 of their report show that after 6 months of treatment, joint swelling and tenderness was either unchanged or worse in 39 and 35 patients, respectively, in the placebo group; 33 and 63 patients, respectively, in the low-dose folic acid group; and 13 and 43 patients, ...REFERENCE1. Morgan SL, Baggott JE, Vaughn WH, Austin JS, Veitch TA, Lee JY, et al. Supplementation with folic acid during methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:833-41. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Stanford University; San Jose, CA 94305 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByLow-Dose Methotrexate: A Mainstay in the Treatment of Rheumatoid ArthritisTHE REMARKABLE SPECTRUM OF METHOTREXATE TOXICITIES 1 January 1996Volume 124, Issue 1_Part_1Page: 73KeywordsFolic acidInflammationMegaloblastic anemiaMethotrexateNeutrophilsRheumatoid arthritisStatistical dataToxicity Issue Published: 1 January 1996 CopyrightCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...