tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Risk of Subsequent Transmission of Hemophilus Influenzae Type B Disease among Children in Day Care
Authors: Michael T. Osterholm, Lynne M. Pierson, Karen E. White, Therese A. Libby, Joel N. Kuritsky, John G. McCullough
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

To determine the risk of Hemophilus influenzae type b disease among children attending day-care facilities who were exposed to a primary case of invasive hemophilus disease, we conducted a two-year (August 1982 through July 1984) statewide prospective study involving active surveillance for H. influenzae disease and a 60-day follow-up of the children's day-care contacts. We identified 185 patients with primary invasive hemophilus type b disease who were under six years of age and who attended a total of 195 day-care facilities (centers or private homes). There were 4102 children in attendance at these day-care facilities when the primary cases occurred; 4034 (98 percent) were followed for 60 days or more after the onset of illness in the patients with primary disease. A total of 2612 children were considered classroom contacts of the patients with primary disease, because they were cared for in the same home or the same room in a larger facility, but they were not siblings of the index patients. Of these classroom contacts, 370 from 0 to 23 months of age and 716 from 24 to 47 months of age did not receive rifampin chemoprophylaxis. We could confirm no subsequent H. influenzae disease among contacts. Our results suggest that the risk of subsequent hemophilus disease in contacts of patients in day-care facilities is significantly lower than that previously reported for siblings and day-care contacts.
Hazards of reducing cholesterol
Authors: C Lines
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - The paper by Law and colleagues1 has given rise to further debate on the safety of cholesterol reduction. In particular, there has been speculation concerning a disputed increase in deaths from suicide and accidents,2 which might indicate detrimental effects on the central nervous system associated with lowering cholesterol.

Data gathered during the 8245 patient, 48 week, double blind, placebo controlled, parallel groups, expanded clinical evaluation of lovastatin (EXCEL) study are pertinent …
The serum concentration of allograft inflammatory factor–1 is correlated with metabolic parameters in healthy subjects
Authors: Michiaki Fukui, Muhei Tanaka, Hitoshi Toda, Mai Asano, Masahiro Yamazaki, Goji Hasegawa, Saeko Imai, Aya Fujinami, Mitsuhiro Ohta, Naoto Nakamura
Journal: Metabolism (2012)
Roles and Limitations of FDG PET in Pediatric Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Koya Nakatani, Yuji Nakamoto, Kenichiro Watanabe, Tsuneo Saga, Tatsuya Higashi, Kaori Togashi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Purpose The usefulness of 18F fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (p-HL) has been well demonstrated; however, pediatric non-Hodgkin lymphoma (p-NHL) has distinct characteristics from p-HL and adult NHL. We assessed roles of FDG PET in p-NHL. Materials and Methods Nineteen patients with p-NHL underwent 80 scans. Scans for staging (group A, n = 6) and response assessment (group B, n = 42) were compared with conventional imaging modalities (CIMs). Scans within group B for end-chemotherapy assessment (subgroup B+, n = 11) and for post-therapeutic surveillance (group C, n = 32) were analyzed for diagnostic performance. Results In group A, PET and CIM demonstrated comparable results. In group B, PET diagnoses were concordant with CIM in 21 and discordant in 11 studies. Of the discordant cases, PET suggested remnant lesions in 5 cases, whereas CIM suggested lesions in 6 cases. PET modified therapeutic strategy in 4 cases by detecting new extranodal lesions. In subgroup B+, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for predicting relapse were 50%, 71%, and 64%, respectively. In group C, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 100%, 87%, and 88%, respectively, but positive predictive value was 33%. Conclusions The role of FDG PET in p-NHL may be limited, unlike with p-HL or adult NHL. Nevertheless, FDG PET may serve complementarily in detecting unexpected lesions that can emerge in p-NHL.
The 'slippery slope': handling HIV-infected health workers
Authors: D. L. Breo
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Spontaneous Postpartum Regression of Pituitary Mass With Return of Function
Authors: Sara Leiba
Journal: JAMA (1986)

A 37-year-old woman undergoing endocrine evaluation during her seventh pregnancy because of headaches, weakness, and hyponatremia was found to have central hypoadrenalism and hypothyroidism. Computed tomography showed a pituitary mass with suprasellar extension but her visual fields were intact. She was treated conservatively with hydrocortisone acetate and levothyroxine sodium until 38 weeks of gestation, when healthy twins were delivered by cesarean section. A few months later, her pituitary function improved, with a significant increase in the adrenocorticotropic hormone level, normal values of basal thyroid-stimulating hormone, growth hormone, and gonadotropins and of their functional reserves, and only a slight elevation in the prolactin level. A repeated computed tomographic scan showed disappearance of the pituitary mass. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;255:230-232)
Intractable Terminal Suffering
Authors: Rodney Syme
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters7 November 2000Intractable Terminal SufferingRodney Syme, FRCS, FRACSRodney Syme, FRCS, FRACSEast Melbourne, Australia 3002 (Syme)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-133-9-200011070-00030 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:No doubt BG, the patient described in Quill and Byock's paper (1), was grateful for the assistance he received at the end of his life, and his palliative care attendants would say he died peacefully. But no amount of sophistry can hide the fact that he did not get the treatment he wanted: His statement “I just want to go to sleep and not wake up” reveals his true wishes, which are not always explicitly expressed by dying patients. This requires exploration of such gambits, but many in palliative care do not want to open these doors. ...References1. Quill TE, Byock IR. Responding to intractable terminal suffering: the role of terminal sedation and voluntary refusal of food and fluids. ACP–ASIM End-of-Life Care Consensus Panel. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:408-14. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Quill TE. Death and dignity: a case of individualized decision making. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:691-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: East Melbourne, Australia 3002 (Syme) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoResponding to Intractable Terminal Suffering: The Role of Terminal Sedation and Voluntary Refusal of Food and Fluids Timothy E. Quill , Ira R. Byock , and Metrics 7 November 2000Volume 133, Issue 9Page: 749-750KeywordsEnd of life careFoodLethal dosePalliative careQuality of lifeSedationSedativesSleepSuicideVentilators ePublished: 7 November 2000 Issue Published: 7 November 2000 CopyrightCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Progressive transition of Epstein-Barr virus associated lymphoproliferative disease subtypes with the development of lung cancer
Authors: Kazuki Taoka, Yasuhito Nannya, Go Yamamoto, Takashi Sakatani, Satoshi Ota, Masashi Fukayama, Tsuyoshi Takahashi, Mineo Kurokawa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) associated lymphoproliferative disease (LPD) comprises a wide spectrum of clinical and pathological features [1]. This variety is most systematically categorized in post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) [2], in which subtypes are ordered according to disease progression from reactive polyclonal proliferation to large cell lymphoma. However, whether this categorization is applicable to LPDs other than PTLD is not well explored. Here, we present a nontransplant case of EBV-LPD that initially presented as a polyclonal self-limiting proliferation and later transited to large cell lymphoma. This transition was associated with the progression of lung cancer and its therapy. Our case demonstrates that stepwise progression of LPD is a feature that can be observed in non-PTLD cases of EBV-LPD.
Importance of Preclinical Research in the Development of Neuroprotective Strategies for Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Ain A. Neuhaus, Tamer Rabie, Brad A. Sutherland, Michalis Papadakis, Gina Hadley, Ruiyao Cai, Alastair M. Buchan
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Preclinical stroke research has had a remarkably low translational success rate, and the clinical need for novel neuroprotective therapeutics has gone largely unmet, especially in light of the severe underuse of thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke.In this review, we aim to provide a brief overview of the commonly used stroke models, their merits and shortcomings, and how these have contributed to translational failures. We review some recent developments in preclinical stroke, providing examples of how improved study quality and the use of novel methods can facilitate translation into the clinical setting.This is a narrative review of ischemic stroke neuroprotection based on electronic database searches, references of previous publications, and personal libraries.The stroke research community has not been complacent in its response to criticism: preclinical stroke studies now demonstrate considerable rigor, standardization, and emphasis on minimization of experimenter bias. In addition, numerous innovative methods and strategies are providing novel avenues for investigating neuroprotection, as well as more extensive characterization of established models.The improvements in preclinical stroke models and methods will make stroke research a good example for preclinical medicine, in general, and will hopefully instill greater confidence in the clinical community regarding which compounds are worthy of further investigation in a clinical setting.
Rural Health Care
Authors: William J. Kane
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Problems in the provision of health care to rural areas in the United States include the distribution of health workers, health care facilities, preventive services, quality of care, and economics. The problems must be clearly identified and defined if solutions are to be effective, and the cooperation of several sectors of the community is required. Community organization and political activity are often necessary to convince legislators and medical schools to assist rural communities in a solution of their major problems. (<i>JAMA</i>240:2647-2650, 1978)
Sleep Deprivation and Clinical Performance
Authors: Matthew B. Weinger
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: PAUL D. BERK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

The plasma concentration of unconjugated bilirubin is determined by the rate at which newly synthesized bilirubin enters the plasma (bilirubin turnover) and the rate of irreversible bilirubin removal by the liver (hepatic bilirubin clearance). Measurement of each of these variables by kinetic studies with radiolabeled bilirubin permits a precise classification of cases of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia into those due to increased bilirubin turnover (for example, hemolysis), those due to decreased bilirubin clearance (for example, Gilbert's syndrome), and those in which both mechanisms operate. The ability to quantitate hepatic bilirubin clearance makes it possible to detect Gilbert's syndrome even in the presence of concomitant hemolysis. Of the hereditary disorders of bilirubin metabolism, Gilbert's syndrome is common but innocuous, whereas Crigler-Najjar syndrome is rare but devastating. An unusual case of Crigler-Najjar syndrome is described in which bilirubin encephalopathy developed at age 18. Various modalities used in an attempt to reduce her plasma bilirubin concentration by either increasing bilirubin clearance or reducing bilirubin turnover are described.
186 EFFECTS OF PIOGLITAZONE ON PORTAL AND SYSTEMIC HEMODYNAMICS IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED LIVER CIRRHOSIS: A RANDOMIZED, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED, DOUBLE-BLIND TRIAL
Authors: A. Ferlitsch, J. Pleiner, M. Homoncik, T. Reiberger, G. Schaller, F. Mittermayer, M. Wolzt, M. Peck-Radosavljevic
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
T4/T8 ratio and absolute T4 cell numbers in different clinical stages of Kaposi's sarcoma in AIDS
Authors: P. SPORNRAFT, M. FROSCHL, J. RING, M. MEURER, F.-D. GOEBEL, H.W.L. ZIEGLER-HEITBROCK, G. RIETHMULLER, O. BRAUN-FALCO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Thirty-seven men (36 homosexual or bisexual and one heterosexual) with epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma and underlying HIV infection were followed up over a period of up to 32 months. Fourteen patients (38%) died, with a median survival time of 7.2 months after the diagnosis of AIDS. Seventeen patients (46%) presented with one or more opportunistic infections, mostly Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Eighteen patients (49%) had lymphadenopathy syndrome according to the definition of the CDC. Using the Laubenstein-classification of Kaposi's sarcoma, all patients either remained stable or deteriorated, improvement was never observed. Absolute T4 lymphocyte counts and the T4/T8 ratio were not related to the disease stage. With the onset of B symptoms (systemic symptoms), however, the absolute T4 numbers and the T4/T8 ratio markedly decreased. Delayed type hypersensitivity also showed no relationship to the clinical stages of Kaposi's sarcoma. Thus, the clinical progression of Kaposi's sarcoma lesions seems to be largely independent of the immunological parameters investigated. However, the onset of B symptoms was observed to be related to changes in immune status.
Comparative Cost Effectiveness of Gentamicin and Tobramycin
Authors: James J. Holloway, Craig R. Smith, Richard D. Moore, E. Robert Feroli, Paul S. Lietman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Gentamicin and tobramycin were compared for cost effectiveness in the treatment of adult patients with serious infections in a general medical service. We used data from a randomized double-blind trial in which the only observed difference between the clinical effects of these aminoglycosides was the incidence of nephrotoxicity (26% with gentamicin and 12% with tobramycin). According to 1984 cost data, the combined average drug and nephrotoxicity costs per patient were $127 for tobramycin and $72 for gentamicin. An extensive sensitivity analysis—varying frequency and cost of nephrotoxicity, dialysis requirements, aminoglycoside acquisition costs, and length of hospitalization—showed gentamicin to be more cost effective than tobramycin, unless hospitalization is prolonged by an average of at least 15 days for patients with severe nephrotoxicity or at least 3 days for all patients with moderate or severe nephrotoxicity.
Clinical, Angiographic, and Genetic Factors Associated With Early Coronary Stent Thrombosis
Authors: Guillaume Cayla, Jean-Sébastien Hulot, Stephen A. O’Connor, Atul Pathak, Stuart A. Scott, Yves Gruel, Johanne Silvain, Jean-Baptiste Vignalou, Yves Huerre, Axel de la Briolle, Frédérick Allanic, Farzin Beygui, Olivier Barthélémy, Gilles Montalescot, Jean-Philippe Collet
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Despite dual antiplatelet therapy, stent thrombosis remains a devastating and unpredictable complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).To perform a sequential analysis of clinical and genetic factors associated with definite early stent thrombosis.Case-control study conducted in 10 centers in France between January 2007 and May 2010 among 123 patients undergoing PCI who had definite early stent thrombosis and DNA samples available, matched on age and sex with 246 stent thrombosis-free controls.Accuracy of early stent thrombosis prediction by 23 genetic variants.Among the 23 genetic variants investigated in 15 different genes, the significant determinants of early stent thrombosis were CYP2C19 metabolic status (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.99; 95% CI, 1.47-2.69), ABCB1 3435 TT genotype (adjusted OR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.21-3.88), and ITGB3 PLA2 carriage (adjusted OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.28-0.95). Nongenetic independent correlates were acuteness of PCI (adjusted OR, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.54-6.07), complex lesions (American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association type C) (adjusted OR, 2.33; 95% CI, 1.40-3.89), left ventricular function less than 40% (adjusted OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.09-4.70), diabetes mellitus (adjusted OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.02-3.24), use of proton pump inhibitors (adjusted OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.29-3.75), and higher clopidogrel loading doses (adjusted OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.57-0.93). The discriminative accuracy of the clinical-only model was similar to that of a genetic-only model (area under the curve, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.67-0.78] vs 0.68 [95% CI, 0.62-0.74], respectively; P = .34). A combined clinical and genetic model led to a statistically significant increase in the discriminatory power of the model compared with the clinical-only model (area under the curve, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.73-0.83] vs 0.73 [95% CI, 0.67-0.78]; P = .004).This case-control study identified 3 genes (CYP2C19, ABCB1, and ITGB3) and 2 clopidogrel-related factors (loading dose and proton pump inhibitors) that were independently associated with early stent thrombosis. Future studies are needed to validate the prognostic accuracy of these risk factors in prospective cohorts.
Insulin VNTR allele-specific effect in type 1 diabetes depends on identity of untransmitted paternal allele
Authors: Simon T. Bennett, Amanda J. Wilson, Laura Esposito, Nourdine Bouzekri, Dag E. Undlien, Francesco Cucca, Lorenza Nisticò, Raffaella Buzzetti, Emanuele Bosi, Flemming Pociot, Jørn Nerup, Anne Cambon-Thomsen, Alberto Pugliese, Julian P.H. Shield, Patricia A. McKinney, Stephen C. Bain, Constantin Polychronakos, John A. Todd
Journal: Nature Genetics (1997)
THE TUBERCULOSIS DISPENSARY: ITS METHODS, VALUE, AND LIMITATIONS.
Authors: EDWARD O. OTIS
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Throughout this series the spirilla have preserved their form unchanged.They appear either as single cells (8 microns) or of double length (16 microns), but at times even longer spirals are found.The latter are the result of end-to-end union by means of flagella, as we have heretofore shown.As in the case of blood preparations, no evidence is observed of division other than transverse.One observation in this connection is deserving of special emphasis owing to its bearing on the question as to whether spirochetes multiply by trans- verse or longitudinal division.In these cultures it is not unusual to find short spirals of two or three turns, and from 4 to 6 microns in length.These may occur singly or in pairs (8 to 12 microns long), showing the pale division zone.The width of the short form is the same as that of the longer cells.The occurrence of these short spirals is readily explainable as the result of trans- verse division.It may further be stated that the cultural spirals usually stain solid by the Romanowsky method, but at times they may show granulations which to some extent may be due to granules deposited from the me- dium. SAC CULTURES IN RAT SERUM.In view of the fact that Prowazek and others are in- clined to consider spirochetes as protozoa and as cell parasites, it was desirable to ascertain whether or not the spirilla could be maintained in active multiplication in a clear serum.Accordingly, the spirilla were inocu- lated into rat serum, completely freed from corpuscle5 by centrifugation.Up to the present time we have ef- fected seven consecutive passages in such serum in the space of twenty-four days.At each passage a control sac containing defibrinated rat blood was placed in the rat.The serum cultures, although totally devoid of corpuscles, were in every respect as rich in spirilla as the blood cultures.The conclusion to be deduced from these experiments is that multiplication of spirilla may take place without any intracellular stage.The occasional presence of spirilla in a cell is to be regarded as an acci- dent rather than as an expression of an unrecognized cycle.
Intra-articular infliximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis with monoarthritis resistant to local glucocorticoids. Clinical efficacy extended to patients on systemic anti-tumour necrosis factor 
Authors: F Conti, F Ceccarelli, R Priori, A Iagnocco, A Signore, G Valesini
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

In the second cohort of patients with early disease no patient showed any signs of clinical or radiographic ankylosis of the small joints in the hand.To conclude, the present data suggest that the prevalence of small joint ankylosis in RA is low and confined to patients with longstanding severe disease.This may be an indication of the possibility that ankylosis in RA is a vanishing phenomenon, possibly owing to more efficient treatment options.However, this pilot study shows that it is still feasible to identify in clinical practice small joint ankylosis in patients with RA.The possibility that this manifestation of RA may be a clue to important pathogenetic mechanisms in RA and the spondyloarthropathies argues in favour of identifying these patients and including them in pathogenetic studies of these diseases.