tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Homicide Rates and Firearm Availability
Authors: V. Vadakan
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Finger-hut and Kleinman<sup>1</sup>suggests a correlation between the availability of firearms and increased homicide rate. However, analysis of the international data presented does not support such a claim. Indeed, when the homicide rates and firearm availability in other countries are considered, no significant correlation appears. Firearms, including automatic weapons, are universally available in Israel, with a relatively low homicide rate of 3.7 per 100 000 population. Switzerland, with universal compulsory military service for all men, issues firearms and ammunition to the extent that virtually every household is equipped with firearms, yet shows an extremely low homicide rate. Countries such as England, Japan, and Australia have reasonably strict bans on handguns with associated low homicide rates, while in many developing countries of Asia such as Thailand, the Philippines, and Malaysia, where the possession of firearms is punishable by a jail sentence or even death,
The Technicians' Case
Authors: G. Care, R. G. Jones, R. A. Norling, G. Davies, D. Witchard, J. H. Evans, R. F. Hearne, B. Sullivan, R. J. Williams, D. Pugh, A. S. Bennett, E. Lewis, J. M. Jones, C. Lakin, P. Crowley, D. Chapman
Journal: BMJ (1974)
Case 41-1974
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Betty U. McNeely, Charles F. Barlow, Edward P. Richardson, Stanley J. Robboy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Presentation of Case First admission. A 12-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of meningitis.Growth had ceased at the age of nine years, and no secondary sex characteristics had developed. During the six months before admission she experienced cold intolerance, urinary frequency, nocturia and polydipsia. Three days before admission she became listless, febrile and disoriented, and stiffness of the neck developed. She was referred to this hospital.The temperature was 37.7°C, the pulse 125, and the respirations 22. The blood pressure was 105/80 mm Hg. The height was 130 cm, and the weight 23.4 kg (both less . . .
Effectiveness of physical activity promotion based in primary care: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: G. Orrow, A.-L. Kinmonth, S. Sanderson, S. Sutton
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objectives</b> To determine whether trials of physical activity promotion based in primary care show sustained effects on physical activity or fitness in sedentary adults, and whether exercise referral interventions are more effective than other interventions. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. <b>Data sources</b> Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, the Cochrane Library, and article reference lists. <b>Review methods</b> Review of randomised controlled trials of physical activity promotion in sedentary adults recruited in primary care, with minimum follow-up of 12 months, reporting physical activity or fitness (or both) as outcomes, and using intention to treat analyses. Two reviewers independently assessed studies for inclusion, appraised risk of bias, and extracted data. Pooled effect sizes were calculated using a random effects model. <b>Results</b> We included 15 trials (n=8745). Most interventions took place in primary care, included health professionals in delivery, and involved advice or counselling given face to face or by phone (or both) on multiple occasions. Only three trials investigated exercise referral. In 13 trials presenting self reported physical activity, we saw small to medium positive intervention effects at 12 months (odds ratio 1.42, 95% confidence interval 1.17 to 1.73; standardised mean difference 0.25, 0.11 to 0.38). The number needed to treat with an intervention for one additional sedentary adult to meet internationally recommended levels of activity at 12 months was 12 (7 to 33). In four trials reporting cardiorespiratory fitness, a medium positive effect at 12 months was non-significant (standardised mean difference 0.51, −0.18 to 1.20). Three trials of exercise referral found small non-significant effects on self reported physical activity at 12 months (odds ratio 1.38; 0.98 to 1.95; standardised mean difference 0.20, −0.21 to 0.61). <b>Conclusions</b> Promotion of physical activity to sedentary adults recruited in primary care significantly increases physical activity levels at 12 months, as measured by self report. We found insufficient evidence to recommend exercise referral schemes over advice or counselling interventions. Primary care commissioners should consider these findings while awaiting further trial evaluation of exercise referral schemes and other primary care interventions, with longer follow-up and use of objective measures of outcome.
Abstract 5071: Application of a novel protein biomarker discovery platform to identify biomarkers for improved diagnosis of prostate cancer
Authors: Michael McAndrew, Colin Wheeler, Jens Koopmann, Ezam Uddin, Pooja Agashe, Nick Workman, John Anson
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The issues surrounding the use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) are well documented and the need for a molecular diagnostic test with greater discriminatory power is clear. The development of autoantibodies associated with prostate cancer has also been described. In general, the appearance of such antibodies can precede disease symptoms by many years, making them attractive as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis. We have developed a unique “functional protein” array platform which utilises correctly folded proteins and has the ability to display native, discontinuous epitopes. The reproducibility of the platform is exceptionally good, making it possible to screen statistically meaningful numbers of samples. Following on from a successful pilot study, where panels of autoantibody biomarkers exhibiting a specificity and sensitivity for PCa superior to PSA were identified using the platform1, we have validated this approach in a large-scale analytical study. The current analytical study involving approximately 1800 samples was primarily designed to identify panels of biomarkers with the ability to distinguish between PCa (n=400) and control samples from patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH, n=406). BPH can present with similar symptoms to PCa and can also result in elevated PSA levels. Additional sample cohorts included prostatitis, other cancers of various origin and non-disease/healthy controls (n=400). All samples were age, ethnicity and gender matched. The products of 1296 unique genes (1330 proteins), chosen for their association with disease, signal transduction and cancer autoimmunity, are immobilized on each array. Serum samples (n=1781) were analysed using the arrays as described previously1. Data were split into test and training sets and analyzed with several classification algorithms to identify classifiers which would successfully distinguish case from control samples. Data were repeatedly split into test and training sets and analysis cycles repeated until a stable set of classifiers was identified. At the time of writing, data is still under analysis; however, early indications are encouraging and suggest that panels of biomarkers with a performance that significantly exceeds that of PSA may be identified. Full results of the study will be presented. 1 McAndrew et al Development of a panel of biomarkers for the diagnosis of prostate cancer (2010) Molecular Diagnostics in Cancer Therapeutic Development conference Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5071. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5071
REPORT OF A CASE OF ACUTE LEUKEMIA WITH STREPTOCOCCUS INFECTION.
Authors: JAMES B. HERRICK
Journal: JAMA (1897)

In presenting the following brief history no attempt is made to review the entire subject of acute leukemia, nor to draw from this imperfectly studied case—under observation for little more than two days and with no autopsy—any general conclusions concerning the etiology or essential nature of this extremely interesting and relatively rare affection. But as the clinical picture was that of acute leukemia, and further, as there was a septicemia proven clinically and by bacteriologic examination, I have deemed the case worthy of record because the blood findings are somewhat at variance with those of most observers who have reported upon secondary or mixed infection in acute leukemia. <h3>History.</h3> —Wm. P. was born in Minnesota twenty-seven years ago. Has lived in Texas and the South for twelve years; in Chicago for the past seven years. As a child, he had pneumonia and typhoid fever. While in the South he had
CFD ANALYSIS OF THE BODY POSITION DURING THE GLIDING IN SWIMMING
Authors: Daniel A Marinho, M L Novais, Vishveshwar R Mantha, Rui J Ramos, Tiago M Barbosa, Abel I Rouboa, António J Silva
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Background The swimmer's body position after immersion determines the success of the start rather than his/her starting body position in the block or during the fly. 1 There are swimmers gliding in a lateral position whereas others prefer a prone one. Moreover, during this phase, swimmers may alter their body posture and, as far as some techniques are concerned, swimmers must change the position of the limbs. 2 The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of body positions in drag coefficient during the glide in swimming using computational fluid dynamics. Methods In order to create the three-dimensional digital model computer tomography scans of a human body of a male swimmer were applied 3 . The swimmer was modelled as if he were gliding underwater in a streamlined position, at four different body positions: (i) in the prone position, (ii) in a side position with an absolute angle between the horizontal plane with the body coronal plane of 45°, (iii) in a side position with 90° of rotation and, (iv) in the dorsal position. The boundary conditions of the model were designed to represent the geometry and flow conditions of a part of a lane in a swimming pool. Steady-state computational fluid dynamics analyses were performed using the Fluent® code and the drag coefficient was computed for velocities of 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 m/s. Results Drag coefficient reaches its lowest value in the prone position, followed by the side position with 45° of rotation (0.29%, 0.15%, 0.01% drag increment for 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 m/s, respectively), the side position with 90° of rotation (1.03%, 0.94%, 0.64% increment), and the dorsal position (2.21%, 1.42%, 0.96% increment), in which the highest value of drag coefficient is obtained. Discussion/Conclusions Main data shows that the prone position presented the lowest drag coefficient values, whereas dorsal position presented the highest values during the underwater gliding. The prone position seems to be the one that should be adopted after the starts and turns phases of a competitive swimming event, especially during freestyle events and after pushing-off from the wall during the turn where swimmers can freely choose the best body position.
" God and the Doctor we Alike Adore."
Authors: B. H. Putnam
Journal: JAMA (1896)

North East, Pa., Dec. 6, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The Alma Mater of Dr. Burnside Foster of St. Paul, ought to take him across her maternal knee for translating the beautiful Latin of (??)Euricius Cordus as an answer to the query of R. M. W., of Brooklyn<i>in re</i>the authorship of the lines "God and the doctor" et sequens. The proper although liberal translation of this quotation from E. Cordus is I think as follows: " Three faces wears the doctor; When first sought an angel's; And a God's, the cure half wrought. But when the cure complete, He seeks his fee, The devil is less terrible than he." The next time B. F. essays a translation I trust he will honor his Alma Mater better than he has with this " his maiden effort." By the way I have often wished some enterprising firm would embellish this translation from E.
The Effect of Progestational Agents on Male Gonadal and Pituitary Function.
Authors: J. Geller
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969The Effect of Progestational Agents on Male Gonadal and Pituitary Function.J. Geller, M.D., A. Baron, B.S., V. Warburton, B. A., A. LohJ. Geller, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, A. Baron, B.S.Search for more papers by this author, V. Warburton, B. A.Search for more papers by this author, A. LohSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1062_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo determine whether cyproterone acetate, a progestational antiandrogen compound, decreased testosterone production by a direct effect on the testis or indirectly by inhibition of pituitary gonadotrophins, urinary testosterone glucuronide and luteinizing hormone were assayed at simultaneous intervals in patients with carcinoma of the prostate before and during drug therapy, 250 mg daily. The effect of cyproterone acetate on testicular function was also assessed by comparison of levels of urinary testosterone glucuronide on the third and fourth days of stimulation with human chorionic gonadotrophin before and during administration of the test drug. Urinary testosterone glucuronide was measured by gas-chromatography and luteinizing... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Bronx, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByNormalization of sexual behaviour in a female with dementia after treatment with cyproteroneAntiandrogens: Basic Concepts and Clinical TrialsContinuous oral low-dosage cyproterone acetate for fertility regulation in the male? — A trend analysis in 15 volunteers —AntiandrogensClinical Uses of Antiandrogens 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1062-1062KeywordsDrug administrationDrug therapyDrugsLuteinizing hormoneTestosterone Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Use of Statins and Gallstone Risk
Authors: Tetsuji Fujita
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Antibodies to single-stranded and double-stranded DNA in antinuclear antibody-positive type 1-autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: A J Czaja, S A Morshed, S Parveen, M Nishioka
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

To determine the significance of antibodies to single-stranded (anti-ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) in antinuclear antibody (ANA)-positive type 1 autoimmune hepatitis, sera from 53 patients were tested by enzyme immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence using the Crithidia luciliae substrate. Anti-dsDNA were detected in 18 patients (34%) by ELISA and 12 patients (23%) by the Crithidia-based assay. Twenty patients with anti-dsDNA by either assay (38%) had higher serum levels of immunoglobulin G (3971 ± 270 mg/dL vs. 3201 ± 247 mg/dL, P = .05) than seronegative patients. They also had human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DR4 more commonly than other patients (83% vs. 41%, P = .006) and normal subjects (83% vs. 30%, P = .00007). In contrast to patients seropositive by the Crithidia-based assay, those seropositive by ELISA failed corticosteroid therapy more commonly (24% vs. 3%, P = .04). Anti-ssDNA were found in 45 patients (85%) and they did not distinguish patients with different clinical features or outcomes. We conclude that anti-dsDNA are common in ANA-positive type 1 autoimmune hepatitis. HLA DR4 is associated with their production, and seropositivity by ELISA characterizes patients who have a poorer immediate response to corticosteroid treatment. Anti-ssDNA are common but they do not have important clinical implications.
Effects of long-term nitrogen dioxide exposure on rat lung: morphological observations.
Authors: K Kubota, M Murakami, S Takenaka, K Kawai, H Kyono
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Rats continuously exposed to NO2 at 0.04, 0.4, and 4.0 ppm for as long as 27 months were submitted to morphological observation and electronmicroscopic morphometry of the lung. At 4 ppm exposure for 9 months, bronchial epithelium showed typical proliferation, which progressed further at 18 months. At this stage, proliferation of type II alveolar epithelium and edematous extension of interstitial tissue were evident and yielded fibrosis at 27 months. At 0.4 ppm, morphological changes in 18-month specimens were still ambiguous, although a tendency toward epithelial changes, as well as interstitial edema of the alveolar wall, was noticed under the electron microscope. Slight but definite alteration of the epithelium became evident after 27 months. At 0.04 ppm there were no remarkable changes throughout the entire exposure period. The morphometry revealed concentration- and duration-dependent increases in arithmetic mean thickness (AMT) of the alveolar wall. At 4 ppm, increase of AMT started as early as 9 months, became significant at 18 months, and showed a slight decrease at 27 months. This decrease was interpreted as a recovery of alveolar epithelium and decreased amount of septal edema, which in turn led to fibrosis. At 0.4 ppm, a slight increase of AMT started at 18 months and extended significantly in 27 months. A similar but insignificant tendency was found even at 0.04 ppm. The morphological alterations were parallel to the concentration and duration of exposure. These findings suggested that an intensive study should be conducted to confirm whether alterations were due to prolonged exposure and/or due to elevated sensitivity of the aged lung.
Acute Mountain Sickness at Moderate Altitudes
Authors: Ben Honigman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 October 1993Acute Mountain Sickness at Moderate AltitudesBen Honigman, MD, Rob Roach, MD, and Charles Houston, MDBen Honigman, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Rob Roach, MDSearch for more papers by this author, and Charles Houston, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-7_Part_1-199310010-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Citing their own work [1] and that of others [2, 3], Roeggla and colleagues conclude that our 25% incidence of acute mountain sickness is an overestimate and that the self-reported questionnaire is an unreliable method for determining the incidence of acute mountain sickness [4].The incidence of acute mountain sickness is determined by individual susceptibility, the altitude reached, and the rate of ascent [3]. Although the individual susceptibility of Europeans and North Americans is probably similar, the populations differed with respect to fitness, smoking, drinking, and underlying health problems [1, 4]. In addition, the participants' knowledge regarding the ...References1. Roeggla G, Roeggla M, Hirschl MM, Wagner A, Laggner AN. The incidence of acute mountain sickness (AMS) in moderate altitude in the Austrian Alps. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1992; 104(Suppl 195):7-10. Google Scholar2. Maggiorini M, Buhler B, Walter M, Oelz O. Prevalence of acute mountain sickness in the Swiss Alps. BMJ. 1990; 301:853-5. Google Scholar3. Hackett PH, Rennie D, Levine HD. The incidence, importance and prophylaxis of acute mountain sickness. Lancet. 1976; 2:1149-54. Google Scholar4. Honigman B, Theis MK, Koziol-McLain J, Roach R, Yip R, Houston C, et al. Acute mountain sickness in a general population at moderate altitude. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118:587-92. Google Scholar5. Lake Louise consensus on definition and quantification of altitude illness. In: Hypoxia: Mountain Medicine. Sutton JR, Coates G, Houston CS, eds. Burlington, Vermont: Queen City Press; 1992:327-30. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1993Volume 119, Issue 7_Part_1Page: 633-634KeywordsAltitude sicknessClinical trialsEdemaFatigueForecastingHeadachesInsomniaPopulation statisticsQuestionnairesSigns and symptoms Issue Published: 1 October 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
A Peptide-Based Erythropoietin-Receptor Agonist for Pure Red-Cell Aplasia
Authors: Iain C. Macdougall, Jerome Rossert, Nicole Casadevall, Richard B. Stead, Anne-Marie Duliege, Marc Froissart, Kai-Uwe Eckardt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

We investigated whether a novel, synthetic, peptide-based erythropoietin-receptor agonist (Hematide, Affymax) can stimulate erythropoiesis in patients with anemia that is caused by antierythropoietin antibodies.In this open-label, single-group trial, we enrolled patients with chronic kidney disease who had pure red-cell aplasia or hypoplasia due to antierythropoietin antibodies and treated them with a synthetic peptide-based erythropoietin-receptor agonist. The agonist was administered by subcutaneous injection at an initial dose of 0.05 mg per kilogram of body weight every 4 weeks. The primary end point was a hemoglobin concentration above 11 g per deciliter without the need for transfusions.We treated 14 patients with the peptide agonist for a median of 28 months. The median hemoglobin concentration increased from 9.0 g per deciliter (with transfusion support in the case of 12 patients) before treatment to 11.4 g per deciliter at the time of the last administration of the agonist; transfusion requirements diminished within 12 weeks after the first dose, after which 13 of the 14 patients no longer required regular transfusions. Peak reticulocyte counts increased from a median of 10x10(9) per liter before treatment to peak counts of greater than 100x10(9) per liter. The level of antierythropoietin antibodies declined over the course of the study and became undetectable in six patients. One patient who initially responded to treatment had a diminished hematologic response a few months later despite increased doses of the agonist and required transfusions again; this patient was found to have antibodies against the agonist. One patient died 4 months after the last dose of the agonist, and a grade 3 or 4 adverse event occurred in seven other patients during the study period.This novel agonist of the erythropoietin receptor can correct anemia in patients with pure red-cell aplasia caused by antierythropoietin antibodies. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00314795.).