tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ABC of child abuse. Head injuries.
Authors: C. J. Hobbs
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Head injuries with or without fracture ofthe skull feed. Serious intracranial injury is extremely are the commonest cause ofdeath from battering, unlikely. but abdominal injury to the gut or solid organs The force entailed in physical abuse-for can mimic the signs ofhead injury and can lead to example, in swinging the child, in violent death if they are unrecognised. uncontrolled shaking, and in hitting the child's head with a fist or-foot or against a wall-is so much greater that the pattern ofinjury is Detecting head injuries due to physical abuse different.-Fractures are more likely to be When an infant rolls off a changing table, extensive, multiple, complex or branched, hospital trolley, or bed, even on to a hard floor, he depressed, wide, separated, and growing and to is unlikely to sustain a fracture of the skull and is affect several of the individual skull bones. The almost certainly assured of escaping from major occipital bone and base of the skull, which are intracranial injury. Falls from greater heights hardly ever fractured in simple falls, are common (between 1 and 2 m), as, for example, from a sites of injury. standing adult's shoulder, may result in a single These differences are shown in the table. linear parietal hairline fracture of the skull, and Children who have been shaken but have not the infant may be irritable, vomit, or refuse a suffered blunt trauma to the head will have no
SHOE DYE POISONING
Authors: C. W. MUEHLBERGER
Journal: JAMA (1925)

During the last two years, my attention has been called to ten cases of poisoning from the use of shoe dyes which contain either nitrobenzene or anilin as a solvent and which are used to dye tan or light colored leather black. These cases have been characterized by marked cyanosis, sometimes accompanied by vertigo and weakness, digestive disorders, headache and somnolence. The danger of poisoning from nitrobenzene or anilin has been discussed particularly with regard to industrial workers. This phase of nitrobenzene and anilin intoxication is perhaps best summarized by Hamilton,<sup>1</sup>who made a thorough investigation of such poisoning in the American dye industry. Many cases of accidental poisoning by nitrobenzene or anilin through the spilling or splashing of these liquids on the skin or clothing are recorded in the medical literature. Painters using anilin-containing paint have been poisoned by the absorption of this oil through the skin.<sup>2</sup>
COMPARISON OF BIVALIRUDIN VERSUS HEPARIN PLUS GLYCOPROTEIN IIB/IIIA INHIBITORS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING AN INVASIVE STRATEGY: A META-ANALYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS
Authors: Jashdeep S. Dhoot, Michael S. Lee, Hsini Liao, Tae Yang, Jonathan Tobis, Gregg Fonarow, Ehtisham Mahmud
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Doctors could oppose child's right to die
Authors: C. Dyer, A. Murdoch
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Doctors could oppose child's right to die Doctors caring for a 22 month old boy with brain damage in the north of England, whose parents want him to be allowed to die, are to oppose the parents' High Court appli- cation to stop his artificial feeding.Con and Fiona Creedon believe that their son, Thomas, who was injured before birth, is in constant pain.But the doctors looking after him dispute this and insist that his plight is no worse than that of other babies in their care.Humberside social services department had Thomas made a ward of court last month with his parents' consent.The move means that no important changes can be made without the court's consent, pending a hearing in the autumn.Thomas is blind, deaf, and subject to fits, cries inconsolably, and has no control over his limbs.He is unable to swallow and is fed through a tube in his stomach.The president of the High Court's family division, Sir Stephen Brown, said: "He is treated with sedatives, and it is believed that he does not suffer significant pain or distress."Thomas is under the care of two NHS trusts, one of which runs a centre providing care for a small number of severely impaired babies.He spends four days a week there and the rest of the time with his parents.Both trusts are defendants in the case along with Humberside County Council, which is also expected to oppose the withdrawal of feeding.The fourth defendant, the official solici- tor, Peter Harris, has yet to decide what stance to take.A spokesman said that he would ask a paediatric neurologist to exam- ine Thomas.John Hogg, the solicitor handling the case in Humberside, said: "We would tend to line up with what the health authority decides, but it depends on what evidence they produce and what alternatives they propose for Thomas.The medical evidence we've had has been relatively clear cut.Given that, it's unlikely that the doctors would agree."John Burman, the Creedons' solicitor, said that they had expected Thomas's doc- tors to fight the move."They knew all along that the health authority had taken the view they wanted to keep the tube feed going.As far as the local authority are concerned, I understand that they're lining up with the health authority.Ultimately, it may depend on what medical evidence they get, and they may change their mind."The case will break new ground in Britain
Herpes Zoster-Varicella Infections in Immunosuppressed Patients
Authors: RAPHAEL DOLIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Herpes zoster infections (localized and disseminated) are more frequent and severe in immunosuppressed patients. Dissemination of virus may occur to skin and to viscera but is associated primarily with increased morbidity rather than mortality. Involvement of the central nervous system can occur with localized or disseminated infection, including two clinically distinct forms of encephalitis. Studies of the pathogenesis of infections are hampered by the absence of a convenient animal model. However, circulating antibody to varicella-zoster virus can be measured with recently devised, sensitive serologic techniques. Controlled studies of adenine arabinoside in the treatment of herpes zoster in immunosuppressed patients have yielded promising results. Antiviral chemotherapy may represent a significant control measure for these infections in the future.
1118-101 Congestive heart failure and cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction have high mortality and are associated with intense inflammatory response: Results from the CARDINAL trials
Authors: Rafael Valencia, Pierre Theroux, Christopher B Granger, Kenneth W Mahaffey, Taissa Gudaye, Kevin Malloy, W.Douglas Weaver, Thomas G Todaro, Christopher F Mojcik, Paul W Armstrong, Judith S Hochman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Safety and efficacy of large-diameter esophageal metal stents
Authors: R. Silva, N. Mesquita, C. Brandão, M. Dinis-Ribeiro, N. Fernandes, L. Moreira Dias
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

We read with great interest the recent paper by Hasan et al. [1], reporting three cases of development of esophagorespiratory fistulas at the proximal edge of the superior flange of a large-diameter Flamingo Wallstent. In all three cases the fistula developed several months after stent insertion and there was no evidence of any malignancy at the site of the fistula. The authors speculated that the fistulas had formed as a result of pressure necrosis caused by the proximal flange, and recommended that these large-diameter Flamingo stents should not be used in patients with a life expectancy of more than 6 months. Moreover, in a letter to the editor, Siersema et al. [2] emphasized the results of a prospective study of 40 patients: in this study, the large-diameter Flamingo Wallstent appeared to be associated with an increased risk of esophageal complications, particularly bleeding, compared with the small-diameter one [3]. Even though the difference was not statistically significant, the authors recommended that the large-diameter stents should not be used until studies have provided more data on the effect of the stent diameter on efficacy and on the risk of complications.
Hyperresponsivity to Low-Dose Endotoxin during Progression to Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Is Regulated by Leptin-Mediated Signaling
Authors: Kento Imajo, Koji Fujita, Masato Yoneda, Yuichi Nozaki, Yuji Ogawa, Yoshiyasu Shinohara, Shingo Kato, Hironori Mawatari, Wataru Shibata, Hiroshi Kitani, Kenichi Ikejima, Hiroyuki Kirikoshi, Noriko Nakajima, Satoru Saito, Shiro Maeyama, Sumio Watanabe, Koichiro Wada, Atsushi Nakajima
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2012)
Drug points: Systemic granulomatous disease after intravesical BCG instillation
Authors: F C Mooren
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Vaccination with BCG, an attenuated strain of bovine tubercle bacilli, has been used for most of this century to protect against tuberculosis.1 Recently the cell mediated immune response that follows inoculation with this organism was found to be an effective treatment for different types of cancer.2 We report a patient in whom application of BCG into the urinary bladder was quite effective in controlling a superficial vesical carcinoma but who developed granulomatous disease of multiple organ systems.

A 75 year old man was admitted …
Abstract 2252: Mechanism of thymoquinone-induced cell death in glioblastoma multiforme.
Authors: Ira O. Racoma, Robert M. Snapka, Altaf A. Wani
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and common type of brain tumor in humans. Surgical resection followed by radiation and chemotherapy is the current standard treatment; however, due to the upregulation of several survival pathways, tumor recurrence is quite common with a median survival of 12 to 15 months. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of glioblastoma. Naturally occurring phytochemicals have steadily received much scientific attention, owing to the fact that many of these compounds have potent action against tumors. Thymoquinone (TQ) is the bioactive compound of the volatile oil extracted from the black seed, Nigella sativa. TQ has shown anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-neoplastic actions with a selective cytotoxicity for human cancer cells compared to several normal cells. Here, we show that TQ can dose-dependently inhibit colony formation in three distinct glioblastoma cell lines, with the highly tumorigenic Gli36ΔEGFR displaying the greatest sensitivity to the anti-proliferative effects of TQ. Moreover, normal human astrocytes are far less sensitive to TQ-induced cell kill. The absence of both DNA fragmentation and PARP cleavage in U87 and Gli36ΔEGFR cells suggests that TQ does not activate apoptosis. We show that TQ does not change the levels of Beclin-1 expression, but does cause accumulation of LC3-II and p62 protein levels. This suggests that TQ blocks the late stages of autophagy. TQ-induced cell death can be partially rescued by co-treatment with a lysosomal cathepsin hydrolase inhibitor III. We also show that TQ induces persistent γ-H2AX activation and causes G2/M cell cycle arrest in GBM cells to a degree that correlates with the cells’ relative clonogenic sensitivity. Moreover, co-treatment with TQ and N-acetyl cysteine, a simple thiol nucleophile and antioxidant, prevented cell death, DNA double strand breaks, and cell cycle arrest. Citation Format: Ira O. Racoma, Robert M. Snapka, Altaf A. Wani. Mechanism of thymoquinone-induced cell death in glioblastoma multiforme. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2252. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2252
PARENT-TO-CHILD AND CHILD-TO-PARENT KIDNEY TRANSPLANTS EXPERIENCE WITH 101 TRANSPLANTS AT ONE CENTRE
Authors: RichardL Simmons, CarlM Kjellstrand, RichardM Condie, TheodoreJ Buselmeier, E.Jane Thompson, EdmondJ Yunis, S.Michael Mauer, JohnS Najarian
Journal: The Lancet (1976)
Erythrocytapheresis in the prevention of recurrent myocardial infarction in sickle cell disease
Authors: Zohya Khalique, Jiri Pavlu, David Lefroy, Mark Layton
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

Erythrocytapheresis in the prevention of recurrent myocardial infarction in sickle cell diseaseTo the Editor: Erythrocytapheresis is an established therapy for the prevention of stroke in sickle cell disease [1].We report its use in the prevention of recurrent acute coronary syndromes.A 50-year-old woman, with homozygous sickle cell disease presented in December 2005 with central chest pain, T wave inversion in V1-V3 and biphasic T waves in V4-V6.She was treated with aspirin, clopidogrel, and enoxaparin.Her troponin I peaked at 8.23 lg/L 12 hr later.Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed subendocardial hyperenhancement in the lateral wall of the left ventricle consistent with an infarct.Coronary angiography showed no obstruction [2].A long-term red cell exchange program was considered but deferred in the absence of evidence of recurrent myocardial infarction in sickle cell disease.Nine months later the patient presented with central chest pain of sudden onset.Electrocardiography showed new onset atrial fibrillation with T wave inversion across V1-V4.Serum troponin I was elevated at 0Á19 lg/ L and rose to 4Á61 lg/L 12 hr later.Cardiac MRI was unchanged compared with the previous study.Treatment with enoxaparin was commenced and electrocardioversion undertaken, successful only with amiodarone preloading.In light of the recurrence of myocardial infarction, a red cell exchange program to achieve a target hemoglobin S level of <30% was implemented.Thirty-four months after this second event, the patient is maintained on a regular red cell exchange program and remains well in sinus rhythm.We have recommended erythrocytapheresis is continued on an indefinite basis.Although regular red cell transfusions to suppress the level of hemoglobin S are well established in the primary and secondary prevention of stroke in sickle cell disease [1], they have not previously been shown to reduce the risk of recurrent myocardial infarction.We believe hematologists should be aware of the potential benefit of such an approach.
On the Central Motor Innervation of the Larynx
Authors: H. Krause
Journal: BMJ (1890)

sure over the tender prominence caused nausea.The bowels were constipated, the motions dark, the tongue clean, the pulse small, the skin moist, and he required a fire even on a hot August day.I made a vertical incision about an inch and a half below the margin of the ribs, a little above the most prominent part of the swelling, that is, about the middle, (from side to side) of the rectus, and, after dividing the abdominal wall, found no adhe- sions at the part of the liver exposed.I therefore separated the rectus from the posterior layer of its sheath, so as to expose a portion such as is shown in the sketch (Fig. 1).Then with Hage- e .Sheath o~*ectus.f. ~hIu0kb1
5m UK study aims to discover what causes cleft lip and palate
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The largest ever research project into the causes and treatment of cleft lip and palate has been launched in the UK.

A cohort study hosted by the universities of Bristol and Manchester aims to recruit 3500 children born with cleft lip or palate over the next few years and follow them to adulthood.

Despite its frequency—more than 1000 cases a year in the UK, and one every three minutes worldwide—cleft is poorly understood, with little known about its causes and differences of opinion over the best treatments. For affected children, it can have profound effects with a heavy burden of care over many years …
Variable morphology of coronary atherosclerosis: Characterization of atherosclerotic plaque and residual arterial lumen size and shape by epicardial echocardiography
Authors: David D. McPherson, Maryl R. Johnson, Nanette M. Alvarez, Neil B. Rewcastle, Steve M. Collins, Mark L. Armstrong, Robert A. kieso, Linda J. Thorpe, Melvin L. Marcus, Richard E. Kerber
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1992)
Key issues for the assessment of the allergenic potential of genetically modified foods: breakout group reports.
Authors: Dori R Germolec, Ian Kimber, Lynn Goldman, MaryJane Selgrade
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

On the final afternoon of the workshop "Assessment of the Allergenic Potential of Genetically Modified Foods," held 10-12 December 2001 in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA, speakers and participants met in breakout groups to discuss specific questions in the areas of use of human clinical data, animal models to assess food allergy, biomarkers of exposure and effect, sensitive populations, dose-response assessment, and postmarket surveillance. Each group addressed general questions regarding allergenicity of genetically modified foods and specific questions for each subject area. This article is a brief summary of the discussions of each of the six breakout groups regarding our current state of knowledge and what information is needed to advance the field.
Diabetes and Colorectal Cancer Incidence in the Cohort of Swedish Men
Authors: Susanna C. Larsson, Edward Giovannucci, Alicja Wolk
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Dietary and lifestyle factors related to insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, including a westernized diet, physical inactivity, and obesity, have been linked to increased colorectal cancer risk (1,2). These observations support the hypothesis that hyperinsulinemia (3) or factors associated with insulin resistance, such as hyperglycemia or hypertriglyceridemia (4), may play a role in colorectal carcinogenesis. Epidemiologic studies have observed an elevated risk of colorectal cancer associated with high circulating insulin and C-peptide (a marker of insulin secretion) concentrations (5–7). Also, a recent study (8) reported that chronic insulin therapy was related to a significant increased risk of colorectal cancer among patients with type 2 diabetes.

Some, but not all, epidemiologic studies have observed an increased risk of colorectal cancer among people with diabetes (9). However, several previous investigations were limited by small sample size and an inability to account for important covariates (9). In addition, few studies have reported on diabetes in relation to subsites in the colon, and the findings have been conflicting (10–13). We therefore examined the relationship between self-reported diabetes and risk of colorectal cancer overall and by subsite in the COSM (Cohort of Swedish Men).

The COSM was initiated in the autumn of 1997 when all men aged 45–79 years residing in Vastmanland and Orebro counties in …
Erythropoietic Protoporphyria IV. Protection from Sunlight
Authors: R. M. Fusaro, W. J. Runge
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Dihydroxyacetone and lawsone, in a vanishing cream base, applied to the skin was found to protect patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria against sunlight. The use of the same ingredients in a 50% isopropyl alcohol/water solution did not induce adequate light protection. The chemically induced ultraviolet light filter in the stratum corneum allowed these patients to change their lives from an "indoor" to an "outdoor" environment.
The Effect of Alcohol on Nocturnal Gastroesophageal Reflux
Authors: Gary C. Vitale
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The effect of 120 mL (4 oz) of scotch whiskey (40% alcohol) on nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux was studied by ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring. Seventeen healthy volunteers were studied on two occasions, using a computerized radiotelemetric esophageal pH monitoring system. The subjects were given the alcohol during the second session, three hours after the evening meal, and went to bed at their usual time. Seven of the 17 subjects had prolonged supine reflux episodes on the night of alcohol ingestion. These lasted an average of 47.1 minutes (23.2 to 91.8 minutes) and occurred on an average of 31/2 hours after ingestion of whiskey and 1.4 hours after lying down. None of the subjects had these episodes on the control night. There was also a significant acidic shift in the cumulative percentage of data points below a pH of 3 and a pH of 4 in the supine position on the night of alcohol ingestion compared with the control night. This study has shown that there was a significant exposure of the distal esophagus to acid and that the normal acid clearance of the esophagus in the supine position was impaired after only moderate amounts of alcohol. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;258:2077-2079)
Cyclin E Deregulation Impairs Mitotic Progression through Premature Activation of Cdc25C
Authors: Rozita Bagheri-Yarmand, Angela Nanos-Webb, Anna Biernacka, Tuyen Bui, Khandan Keyomarsi
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

The cyclin E-cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) complex accelerates entry into the S phase of the cell cycle and promotes polyploidy, which may contribute to genomic instability in cancer cells. The effect of low molecular weight isoforms of cyclin E (LMW-E) overexpression on mitotic progression and its link to genomic instability were the focus of this study. Here, we show that full-length cyclin E (EL) and LMW-E overexpression impairs the G(2)-M transition differently by targeting dual-specificity phosphatase Cdc25C activity. We identify Cdc25C as an interaction partner and substrate for cyclin E/CDK2 kinase. Specifically, the cyclin E/CDK2 complex phosphorylates Cdc25C on Ser(214), leading to its premature activation, which coincides with higher cyclin B/CDK1 and Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) activities in an S-phase-enriched population that result in faster mitotic entry. Whereas EL overexpression leads to hyperactivation of Cdc25C, cyclin B/CDK1, and PLK1 in a G(2)-M-enriched population, LMW-E overexpression causes premature inactivation of Cdc25C and PLK1, leading to faster mitotic exit. In addition, LMW-E-overexpressing cells showed a reduction in the mitotic index in the presence of a spindle poison and faster degradation of cyclin B, suggesting an increased rate of mitotic slippage and adaptation to the spindle checkpoint. Lastly, downregulation of Cdc25C inhibits LMW-E-mediated chromosome missegregation, anaphase bridges, and centrosome amplification. These results suggest that the high levels of LMW-E isoforms found in breast cancer may contribute to cellular transformation and genomic instability by impairing mitotic progression involving Cdc25C.
A Randomized, Multi-observer, Comparative Evaluation of Conventional Fiberendoscopy and Videoendoscopy in the Upper GI Tract
Authors: M. de Reuck, B. Ramdani, C. Jonas, J. F. Nyst, M. van Gossum, E. de Koster, C. Deprez, M. Deltenre
Journal: Endoscopy (1990)

In a comparative, histologically controlled study, no significant difference was found in the accuracy of conventional fiberendoscopy and videoendoscopy in the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal tract lesions. Both techniques permitted accurate description of focal and/or ulcerative lesions, but videoendoscopy did not provide better sensitivity than fiberendoscopy in the diagnosis of superficial, non-ulcerative, inflammatory changes. The same results were obtained on checking the reproducibility of the macroscopic diagnosis by a delayed review of recorded videotapes.
Reactivation of Chronic Type B Hepatitis Presenting as Acute Viral Hepatitis
Authors: GARY L. DAVIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Three asymptomatic chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen, who had normal serum aminotransferase levels and no detectable hepatitis B e antigen in serum, developed icteric, symptomatic acute hepatitis. Serologic evidence of acute infection with hepatitis A virus, delta hepatitis virus, cytomegalovirus, or Epstein-Barr virus was absent. However, hepatitis B virus DNA and DNA polymerase activity, which were not detectable before the exacerbation, appeared in the serum of all three patients during the acute illness, confirming the diagnosis of spontaneous reactivation of chronic type B hepatitis. Thus, acute exacerbations of chronic type B hepatitis may present as an acute hepatitis superimposed on the chronic carrier state.