tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effect of biliary enteroenterostomy on the pharmacokinetics of enterally administered cyclosporine in rats
Authors: Peter F. Whitington, Beat H. Kehrer, Susan H. Whitington, Benjamin Shneider, Dennis D. Black
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

A major factor in poor bioavailability of cyclosporine in children undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation appears to be poor absorption of the drug. Our hypothesis is that the Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy used for biliary drainage in these children causes cyclosporine malabsorption by reducing the length of bowel available for absorption and by distally displacing the entry of bile into the intestine. In these experiments, we determined the effect of biliary enteroenterostomy on the pharmacokinetics of enterally administered cyclosporine in Sprague-Dawley rats. Experimental rats (n = 24) were prepared for study by constructing self-emptying jejunal blind loops. Sham rats (n = 9) had jejunal transection and reanastomosis. Control rats (n = 26) had no operation. Two to 4 weeks later, chronic biliary-enteric fistulae were formed in all animals. In experiments, [ 3 H]cyclosporine was delivered into the duodenum while the site of bile delivery varied. Hourly and cumulative [ 3 H]cyclosporine excretion into bile was quantitated, which our preliminary data show to be a valid estimate of absorption. In control rats, bile was delivered into the duodenum or was replaced with saline and sucrose solution. In experimental rats, bile was infused either into the duodenum, which tested bowel shortening only, or into the proximal end of the blind loop, which tested the combined effects of bowel shortening and distal displacement of bile entry. In sham rats, bile was infused into the duodenum, which controlled for previous abdominal surgery, or into the mid-jejunum, which tested for distal bile entry only. Two effects of biliary enteroenterostomy on cyclosporine absorption were observed. First, distal displacement of bile entry into the intestinal lumen reduced drug absorption by about 50%. Compared to control rats with duodenal bile (n = 15), which excreted 14.8 ± 3.3% of the label into bile in 24 hr, and sham rats with duodenal bile (n = 4), which excreted 14.6 ± 1.3%, experimental animals with loop bile (n = 13) excreted 7.7 ± 2.1% and sham rats with midjejunal bile (n = 5) excreted 7.2 ± 1.8%. Control rats with no bile (n = 11) excreted 3.2 ± 1.6%. Second, reduction of bowel length by constructing the enteroenterostomy reduced absorption by 25%. Experimental rats with duodenal bile (n = 11) excreted 11.2 ± 2.5%. These data suggest that the surgical approach to biliary reconstruction after orthotopic liver transplantation in children can contribute to poor cyclosporine bioavailability.
GONORRHOEA TREATED BY ELECTROLYSIS: A NEW ELECTROLYTE: Some Notes upon Causes of Failure with the Method
Authors: C. Russ
Journal: BMJ (1917)

the average was 120 to 140 till the enid of the first week.On the third day the patient developed an attack of bronclhitis, aind the sputum vas foun-d to cointaini pnieumlococci.This subsided after a week, aind the patient nma(le a rapi(d recovery.The first case is representative of tlle badly infected class; the second was a comiiplicated case, butt niot infected.The third case is typical of an uncomplicated Caesarean section for osteoilmalacia.CASE III.A., aged 24.Symptoms of osteomalacia.M1arked contrac- tioln of pelvis.Admitted May 3rd, 1916.Operationi 1May 23rd.Eveening temperature 99.40.This, was maiintainied next day. (in the third( day the temperature was lnormal.On the fourth day it rose to 100.40 ini the evening", with a pulse of 144; this subside(d after a soap-anid-water enema.In this case, after andmissionj, a dirty tamipon was found in the vagina, so anltiseptic douclhes were giveni daily before operation.If the eclaimipsia case is excluded, it will be seen that tlhe nmortality in 21 cases was approximiiately 9. per ceint.The general coniclusion is that carefuil techlnique gives such good results, even in complicated cases of Caesarcan section, that this operation mnay be regarded as definiitely superior to that introduced by Po rro.Craniotoiimy slhould be reserved for tllose cases in wlhicll the clild is decad.
Iron mobilization, cytoprotection and inhibition of cell proliferation in normal and transformed rat hepatocyte cultures by the hydroxypyridinone CP411, compared to CP20
Authors: N. Rakba, F. Gaboriau, P. Loyer, N.C. Pasdeloup, R.C. Hider, P. Brissot, G. Lescoat
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
GP who looked after baby Peter missed opportunity to save him, GMC is told
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The GP who looked after the battered baby Peter Connolly missed a “unique opportunity to prevent the appalling abuse” inflicted on him just before his death, a General Medical Council panel was told this week.

Jerome Ikwueke noted a marked change in the behaviour of the toddler when he saw him on 26 July 2007, eight days before he died at the age of 17 months.

But he did not carry out a full examination, said Jeremy Donne QC, counsel for the GMC. Had he done so he might have discovered that the child had fractured ribs and injuries to some of his fingers, caused by his nails being forcibly pulled out.

He was found dead …
New Zealand moves towards plain packaging of cigarettes
Authors: M. Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Public health experts and the Australian government have welcomed moves to make plain packaging of cigarettes mandatory in New Zealand, although question marks surround the measure’s implementation.

New Zealand’s government recently announced that it would develop legislation on plain packaging but that its implementation would await the outcome of challenges to laws in Australia made under world trade and intellectual rights agreements.

Australia’s plain packaging legislation, which took effect on 1 December 2012, has survived a High Court challenge by tobacco companies but remains the subject of World Trade Organization complaints by the governments of Ukraine, the Dominican Republic, and Honduras and a case brought by Philip Morris Asia, claiming that …
Localization of a gene for Fukuyama type congenital muscular dystrophy to chromosome 9q31–33
Authors: T. Toda, M. Segawa, Y. Nomura, I. Nonaka, K. Masuda, T. Ishihara, M. Suzuki, I. Tomita, Y. Origuchi, K. Ohno, N. Misugi, Y. Sasaki, K. Takada, M. Kawai, K. Otani, T. Murakami, K. Saito, Y. Fukuyama, T. Shimizu, I. Kanazawa, Y. Nakamura
Journal: Nature Genetics (1993)
Altered cellular dynamics and endosteal location of aged early hematopoietic progenitor cells revealed by time-lapse intravital imaging in long bones
Authors: Anja Köhler, Vince Schmithorst, Marie-Dominique Filippi, Marnie A. Ryan, Deidre Daria, Matthias Gunzer, Hartmut Geiger
Journal: Blood (2009)
Non-invasive diagnosis of portal vein occlusion by radionuclide angiography.
Authors: P MacMathuna, M K O'Connor, D G Weir, P W Keeling
Journal: Gut (1992)

The accuracy of non-invasive radionuclide angiography in detecting portal vein occlusion was assessed in 61 patients--10 with portal vein occlusion confirmed by conventional portography, 25 with chronic liver disease and a patent portal vein (mild = 12, severe = 13), and 26 with normal liver function, who served as controls. The median percentage portal venous flow for the portal vein occlusion group was 8% (range 1-30) (consistent with negligible flow) compared with 78% (52-87) for control subjects (p &lt; 0.005) and 68% (61-80) and 49% (23-59) respectively for patients with mild and severe liver disease (p &lt; 0.001 and p &lt; 0.005). At a portal venous inflow of &lt; 20%, the procedure had a specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 90% in diagnosing portal vein occlusion. Non-invasive radionuclide angiography provides a safe and accurate screening method for evaluating portal vein patency or occlusion in the investigation of portal hypertension or before liver transplantation.
β-Agonist Use and Death from Asthma-Reply
Authors: Brian Mullen
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We would like to clarify some confusions raised in the commentaries on our recent integration of the association between β-agonist use and death from asthma.<sup>1</sup>One confusion involves effect strength. When we describe an effect of mean<i>r</i>=.055 as being "extremely weak," we are using empirically established benchmarks<sup>2</sup>: large (<i>r</i>=.500), moderate (<i>r</i>=.300), and small (<i>r</i>=.100). The weight of the available evidence indicates that one can account for approximately 0.3% ([mean<i>r</i>=.055]<sup>2</sup>=.003) of the variation in whether an asthmatic patient lived or died by knowing whether they used β-agonists. Drs Alberg and Comstock disagree with our assessment of this effect as "extremely weak." We fail to see how it can be described in any other way. Alberg and Comstock are correct in submitting that correlations can be misleading under some circumstances. However, they confuse the calculation of<i>r</i>as a
Abstract IA23: A systems approach to the discovery of lung cancer biomarkers
Authors: Samir Hanash
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract We have implemented a systems approach for the discovery of lung cancer biomarkers. Applications include risk assessment, early detection, and predicting response to treatment. The approach which includes genomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and immune profiling integrates data from human biospecimens, a large number of lung cancer cell lines grown under various conditions and several genetically engineered mouse models of lung cancer. An important component of the human studies consists of profiling of pre-diagnostic plasmas available through longitudinal cohort studies, particularly useful for the discovery and validation of blood based risk and early detection markers. Findings include molecular signatures and networks for lung cancer sub-types. Mouse model studies yielded an NKX2.1 signature relevant to early detection, an EGFR network signature for EGFR driven lung cancer and a neuroendocrine signature for small cell lung cancer which were validated in human samples. Integration of proteome and transcriptomic profiling of lung cancer cell line yielded several signatures and a marker panel that predict survival for early stage lung cancer. Mining of the large and continuously expanding sets of data currently being collected benefits from an organized collaborative effort.
Diagnosis-Related Groups and Severity of Illness
Authors: Richard E. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The "insensitivity of the DRGs [diagnosis-related groups] to severity of illness" mentioned by Dr Mullin<sup>1</sup>is a major problem for two reasons. First, ignoring the importance of "severity of illness" may sound the death knell for DRGs as the preferred basis of prospective payment. This problem is likely to be resolved by adoption of a capitation system for paying both physicians and hospitals. In the long run, the greater problem with the clinical "insensitivity" of the DRG system is its failure to satisfy the "severity of illness" factor in the development of physician performance profiles, useful in evaluating efficiency and effectiveness of clinical practice habits. To help a physician decide to practice efficiently, three sets of data are needed: (1) Cost data, to confirm that "you're spending more than your peers." (2)<i>Severity of illness</i>data, to satisfy the response, "Of course I am. I treat
Further evidence of the safety of tar in the management of psoriasis
Authors: S.K. JONES, RONA M. MACKIE, D.J. HOLE, C.R. GILLIS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article Further evidence of the safety of tar in the management of psoriasis Get access S.K. JONES, S.K. JONES Department of Dermatology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar RONA M. MACKIE, RONA M. MACKIE Department of Dermatology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 Professor R.M.MacKie. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.J. HOLE, D.J. HOLE West of Scotland Cancer Surveillance Unit, Greater Glasgow health Board, Ruchill Hospital, Glasgow G209NB, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.R. GILLIS C.R. GILLIS West of Scotland Cancer Surveillance Unit, Greater Glasgow health Board, Ruchill Hospital, Glasgow G209NB, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 113, Issue 1, 1 July 1985, Pages 97–101, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb02048.x Published: 01 July 1985 Article history Accepted: 27 December 1984 Published: 01 July 1985
CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORPTION METHODS IN ANAESTHESIA
Authors: F. T. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1932)

ANAESTHESIAr METHEBRISAL 931 linen, as no local applications following treatment are necessary, or, indeed, desirable.A dosimeter is unneces- sary.If the operator takes the trouble to estimate at regular intervals the efficiency of the lamp used, the erythema dose for the individual is easily and quickly ascertained, and even when this is not done, but the dose gauged from previous experienice with the lamp in use, there is a wide margin of safety.SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 1.A report is presented on fifty-one cases of erysipelas treated by exposure to an artificial source of ultra-violet light, the exposure beirfg one and a half times to twice that required to produce a definite erythema on normal skin.2. The treatment of erysipelas, particularly the early case, by ultra-violet light appeared to give better results than other methods in use.3. The method is easily applied, usually available, devoid of danger, cleanly, and inexpensive.4. The technique is simple, and can be carried out with any ultra-violet lamp of known efficiency.The cases detailed are from the records of the Edinburgh City Hospital.The opportunity for, anid incep)tion of, this investigation are due to Dr. XV. T. BeInsoin,
Abstract 2966: Targeting defective DNA repair as a novel chemoprevention strategy for BRCA1-mutated breast cancer
Authors: Elizabeth Alli, David Solow-Cordero, Stephanie C. Casey, James M. Ford
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Carriers of germline mutations in the Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene 1 (BRCA1) have an increased risk for developing breast cancer. Unfortunately, BRCA1-mutated cancers are not amenable to current chemoprevention options, often associate with an aggressive clinical course, and thus, are in need of an effective prevention strategy. We previously found that BRCA1 plays a role in DNA base-excision repair (BER) of oxidative DNA damage, and that BRCA1-mutated breast cancers exhibit a compromised ability for BER of oxidative DNA damage. Given that excessive oxidative DNA damage leads to tumorigenesis, we hypothesized that small molecules may be used to enhance the repair of oxidative DNA damage, and in turn, prevent tumorigenesis of BRCA1-mutated breast cancer cells. First, a high-throughput chemical screen identified small molecules that enhance BER of oxidative DNA damage in the presence of mutant BRCA1. These molecules have been termed DNA repair-activating agents. At least two DNA repair-activating agents significantly enhanced BER in mutant BRCA1 but not wild-type BRCA1 cell lines. These molecules also decreased basal levels of oxidative DNA damage as determined by flow cytometry using a FITC-conjugated 8oxoG-binding protein and decreased H2O2-induced oxidative DNA damage as determined by the alkaline comet assay modified for detection of oxidized lesions. Both DNA repair-activating agents directly activated BER, rather than indirectly as a result of induction of DNA damage, as evidenced by the alkaline comet assay for DNA strand breaks. Both agents also showed no cytotoxicity at concentrations that enhanced BER of oxidative DNA damage, which is ideal for chemoprevention. Finally, at least one of the DNA repair-activating agents decreased BRCA1-associated tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo. The DNA repair-activating agent decreased anchorage-independent growth of BRCA1-mutant/deficient cells without a significant effect on cell viability, as well as delayed tumor formation and decreased tumor burden in a dose-response manner in a xenograft mouse model. Taken together, these data suggest that enhancing DNA base-excision repair of oxidative DNA damage may be a novel strategy for the targeted chemoprevention of BRCA1-associated breast cancers. Citation Format: Elizabeth Alli, David Solow-Cordero, Stephanie C. Casey, James M. Ford. Targeting defective DNA repair as a novel chemoprevention strategy for BRCA1-mutated breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2966. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2966
Pseudomembranous colitis in four patients with cystic fibrosis following lung transplantation
Authors: B Yates, D M Murphy, A J Fisher, F K Gould, J L Lordan, J H Dark, P A Corris
Journal: Thorax (2006)

Aim: We aimed to compare serum levels of the inflammatory mediators of C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and Asymmetric-Dimethyl-Arginine (ADMA) in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) and their coexistence called Overlap Syndrome (OVS). Also, we planned to investigate the changes of these mediators with the treatment of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in OSAS and OVS patients. Methods: CRP, TNF-α, ADMA levels were analyzed by ELISA method with the blood samples taken from patients with COPD (N=25), OVS (N=25) and moderate-severe stage OSAS (N=25) in the morning after polysomnography application and second blood samples taken from OSAS and OVS patients who underwent regular CPAP treatment throughout 3-6 weeks. Results: In comparison of three groups prior to CPAP treatment, ADMA levels in OSAS group were significantly lower than in COPD group (p=0.009), but CRP (p=0.478) and TNF-α (p=0.137) were similar among groups. On the basis of before-after CPAP treatment comparison, CRP levels in both OSAS and OVS groups decreased significantly (p=0.02, p=0.04), whereas TNF-α (p=0.980, p=0.144) and ADMA (p=0.321, p=0.282) levels did not display any statistical significant differences. Conclusion: In OVS group, no significant difference was established in inflammatory mediators when compared to COPD and OSAS groups. After effective CPAP treatment, decrease in serum-CRP level in OVS and OSAS groups showed that CPAP is an effective treatment method for systemic inflammation. Nevertheless, further investigations examining the differences in ADMA, CRP and TNF-α level in patients with COPD, OSAS and OVS are required.
Spiritual beliefs may affect outcome of bereavement: prospective study
Authors: Kiri Walsh, Michael King, Louise Jones, Adrian Tookman, Robert Blizard
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To explore the relation between spiritual beliefs and resolution of bereavement. <b>Design:</b> Prospective cohort study of people about to be bereaved with follow up continuing for 14 months after the death. <b>Setting:</b> A Marie Curie centre for specialist palliative care in London. <b>Participants:</b> 135 relatives and close friends of patients admitted to the centre with terminal illness. <b>Main outcome measure:</b> Core bereavement items, a standardised measure of grief, measured 1, 9, and 14 months after the patients9 death. <b>Results:</b> People reporting no spiritual belief had not resolved their grief by 14 months after the death. Participants with strong spiritual beliefs resolved their grief progressively over the same period. People with low levels of belief showed little change in the first nine months but thereafter resolved their grief. These differences approached significance in a repeated measures analysis of variance (F=2.42, P=0.058). Strength of spiritual belief remained an important predictor after the explanatory power of relevant confounding variables was controlled for. At 14 months the difference between the group with no beliefs and the combined low and high belief groups was 7.30 (95% confidence interval 0.86 to 13.73) points on the core bereavement items scale. Adjusting for confounders in the final model reduced this difference to 4.64 (1.04 to 10.32) points. <b>Conclusion:</b> People who profess stronger spiritual beliefs seem to resolve their grief more rapidly and completely after the death of a close person than do people with no spiritual beliefs. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Religious belief affects outcome of bereavement in families coping with the death of a child and in older people who are bereaved of a spouse Research is often retrospective, and causal connections are difficult to establish <h3>What this study adds</h3> People who profess stronger spiritual beliefs seem to resolve their grief more rapidly and completely after the death of a person close to them than do people with no spiritual beliefs Most palliative care units involve the family members and friends of the person dying; attention to spiritual matters may be an important component of this work
Extended Care in Nursing Homes: A Program for a County Teaching Medical Center
Authors: ROBERT B. BREITENBUCHER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

A continuity care program for patients in nursing homes using internal medicine residents in training has been developed in a county teaching hospital. Resident physicians on a paid basis assume primary care responsibility for 1000 patients in 29 private community nursing homes. A faculty internist coordinates the activities of the residents and monitors patient care through an extended care office in the county hospital. The program has produced a significant upgrading of the continuity and quality of care of patients in these nursing homes as well as providing medical residents with geriatric and nursing home experience. The increased sensitivity and concern for the needs of nursing home patients developed by the medical residents seems to continue after they complete their training.
The IL6R variation Asp358Ala is a potential modifier of lung function in subjects with asthma
Authors: Gregory A. Hawkins, Mac B. Robinson, Annette T. Hastie, Xingnan Li, Huashi Li, Wendy C. Moore, Timothy D. Howard, William W. Busse, Serpil C. Erzurum, Sally E. Wenzel, Stephen P. Peters, Deborah A. Meyers, Eugene R. Bleecker
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Combined Evaluation of Postoperative Serum Levels of Carcinoembryonic Antigen Less than or Equal to 2.5 ng/ml and Absence of Vascular Invasion may Predict no Recurrence of Stage I Adenocarcinoma Lung Cancer
Authors: Kosuke Kashiwabara, Syoh Saeki, Ji-ichiro Sasaki, Masanobu Nomura, Hirotsugu Kohrogi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2008)