tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quality of life after lung resection is not associated with functional objective measures
Authors: Anita Suijkerbuijk, Rudolf Hoogenveen, Ardine de Wit, Alet Wijga, Martine Hoogendoorn, Maureen Rutten-van Molken, Talitha Feenstra
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

To the Editor: 

Patient and physician perspectives about surgical risk may differ. Physicians are mostly focused on objective end-points ( i.e. mortality and survival), whereas most patients are worried about permanent physical and emotional disability resulting from the operation [1]. Can objective clinical information be used to predict patient-reported health status?

In the attempt to respond to this question, we studied 221 consecutive patients submitted to major anatomic pulmonary resections (204 lobectomy and 17 pneumonectomy) during a 36-month period. All patients had a pre-operative measurement of maximum oxygen uptake ( V ′O2max), as a part of their routine pre-operative functional work-up, and a complete assessment of their pre-operative and post-operative (3 months after surgery) quality of life. All patients gave their consent for inclusion of their clinical data in our institutional database for clinical and scientific purposes and the Institutional Review Board of our hospital approved the study. No formal pre-admission or post-discharge physiotherapy or psychological support programmes were administered in this series. Neurological or psychotropic personal medications, if present, were generally resumed the day after surgery.

Quality of life was assessed before and 3 months after the operation by the administration of Short Form 36v2 (SF36v2) survey [2], which …
SULFAGUANIDINE IN TREATMENT OF DYSENTERY (BACTERIUM FLEXNERI) CARRIERS
Authors: LINCOLN OPPER
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Attempts with sulfaguanidine in the treatment of bacillary dysentery were destined to follow the more or less successful trials with the previously discovered sulfonamide compounds, namely, sulfanilamide,<sup>1</sup>sulfapyridine<sup>2</sup>and sulfathiazole,<sup>3</sup>and also the highly encouraging experimental studies of Marshall and his associates.<sup>4</sup>These workers noted that sulfaguanidine combined the advantages of free solubility in water together with poor absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Further clinical investigation has confirmed the tendency of the usually administered dosages to saturate the intestinal content without exceeding a relatively low level of concentration in the blood. In a well controlled clinical study, Lyon<sup>5</sup>described the remarkably rapid improvement which followed the administration of sulfaguanidine in 17 of 23 cases of acute bacillary dysentery of the Flexner type. The ability of the drug to destroy permanently the organism in the intestinal tract was not evaluated in this study, probably because the
Biochemical and Toxicological Response of Infant Baboons to Lead Driers in Paint
Authors: Norman Cohen, Theo. J. Kneip, Virginia Rulon, David H. Goldstein
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

In an effort to define the toxicology and disposition of lead compounds that presently exist in paint (i.e., organic driers), a controlled dose feeding study was initiated early this year with the use of 28 infant baboons as experimental animals. The infant baboon, established as a metabolic model for a child ingesting lead, will be used to determine the adequacy of present as well as recently recommended limitations for lead in paint to assure protection from this potential source of lead exposure. To accomplish this goal, research has been designed to determine basic dose–response relationships in animals ingesting constant daily doses of a dried paint, a lead octoate drier, and lead acetate. Doses for these compounds have been chosen to cover a broad range of concentrations including that recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics from the maximum daily permissible lead ingestion, and associated estimates of paint intake by children with pica. Parameters of metabolic response for each lead compound, include: general clinical surveillance, lead concentrations in blood, urine and feces, erythrocytic δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and free erythrocytic porphyrin. The response of several of these measures of lead exposure as a function of time will be discussed for each compound at the several dose levels administered.
Community Infection With St. Louis Encephalitis Virus
Authors: C. Alan Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1965)

During the summer of 1964, the city of Houston experienced a major epidemic of St. Louis encephalitis (SLE), the first recorded appearance of arbovirus encephalitis in the city. 1 More than 700 clinical cases and 32 deaths were suspected of being caused by SLE. The first recorded epidemic of this disease occurred in St. Louis, Mo, during the summer of 1933. 2 Five hundred and twenty cases in St. Louis county and 577 cases in St. Louis city were reported, based entirely on clinical findings. A clinically similar, but smaller, outbreak had occurred in Paris, Ill, in the summer of 1932. The observations made some 30 years age indicated that the disease had no predilection for sex or race but showed a striking increase in both incidence and fatality rates with increasing age. It is well known also that during outbreaks of St. Louis virus encephalitis the inapparent infection rate
PHOSPHORYLATED CARBOHYDRATE INTERMEDIATES OF THE HUMAN ERYTHROCYTE DURING STORAGE IN ACID CITRATE DEXTROSE. III. EFFECT OF INCUBATION AT 37° C WITH INOSINE, INOSINE PLUS ADENINE, AND ADENOSINE AFTER STORAGE FOR 6, 10, 14, AND 18 WEEKS*
Authors: A. William Shafer, Grant R. Bartlett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1962)
SOME SUCCESSFUL METHODS OF TREATING ALOPECIA AND ALOPECIA AREATA.Read in the Section of Dermatology and Syphilology at the Forty-third annual meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Detroit, Mich., June 7, 1892.
Authors: A. H. OHMANN-DUMESNIL
Journal: JAMA (1893)

ing is that which has been commonly chosen, as it is generally free from other engagements.The dinner need not be an elaborate or expensive one ; the others referred to are furnished at two dollars for each one joining in the same.It is earnestly hoped that the Section may take such action during this session as shall lead the officers and executive committee to arrange for such a dinner the coming year.Thanking the Section for the honor conferred on me in calling me for the fifth time to preside over its deliberations, and for your kind attention at the present time, and hoping that there may be full and free discussion of the subjects presented on the inter¬ esting program, which I take pleasure in setting be¬ fore you, I declare the session of the Section opened for the business on hand. SOME SUCCESSFUL METHODS OF TREATINGALOPECIA AND ALOPECIA AREATA.
A Population-Based Evaluation of a Publicly Funded, School-Based HPV Vaccine Program in British Columbia, Canada: Parental Factors Associated with HPV Vaccine Receipt
Authors: Gina Ogilvie, Maureen Anderson, Fawziah Marra, Shelly McNeil, Karen Pielak, Meena Dawar, Marilyn McIvor, Thomas Ehlen, Simon Dobson, Deborah Money, David M. Patrick, Monika Naus
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

Information on factors that influence parental decisions for actual human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine receipt in publicly funded, school-based HPV vaccine programs for girls is limited. We report on the level of uptake of the first dose of the HPV vaccine, and determine parental factors associated with receipt of the HPV vaccine, in a publicly funded school-based HPV vaccine program in British Columbia, Canada.All parents of girls enrolled in grade 6 during the academic year of September 2008-June 2009 in the province of British Columbia were eligible to participate. Eligible households identified through the provincial public health information system were randomly selected and those who consented completed a validated survey exploring factors associated with HPV vaccine uptake. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to calculate adjusted odds ratios to identify the factors that were associated with parents' decision to vaccinate their daughter(s) against HPV. 2,025 parents agreed to complete the survey, and 65.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 63.1-67.1) of parents in the survey reported that their daughters received the first dose of the HPV vaccine. In the same school-based vaccine program, 88.4% (95% CI 87.1-89.7) consented to the hepatitis B vaccine, and 86.5% (95% CI 85.1-87.9) consented to the meningococcal C vaccine. The main reasons for having a daughter receive the HPV vaccine were the effectiveness of the vaccine (47.9%), advice from a physician (8.7%), and concerns about daughter's health (8.4%). The main reasons for not having a daughter receive the HPV vaccine were concerns about HPV vaccine safety (29.2%), preference to wait until the daughter is older (15.6%), and not enough information to make an informed decision (12.6%). In multivariate analysis, overall attitudes to vaccines, the impact of the HPV vaccine on sexual practices, and childhood vaccine history were predictive of parents having a daughter receive the HPV vaccine in a publicly funded school-based HPV vaccine program. By contrast, having a family with two parents, having three or more children, and having more education was associated with a decreased likelihood of having a daughter receive the HPV vaccine.This study is, to our knowledge, one of the first population-based assessments of factors associated with HPV vaccine uptake in a publicly funded school-based program worldwide. Policy makers need to consider that even with the removal of financial and health care barriers, parents, who are key decision makers in the uptake of this vaccine, are still hesitant to have their daughters receive the HPV vaccine, and strategies to ensure optimal HPV vaccine uptake need to be employed.
Study Examines Stress—Immune System Links in Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1997)

MEDICAL students, elderly spouses of patients with Alzheimer disease, and rodents usually have little or nothing in common. But in studies over the past decade, these disparate groups have shown that psychological stress can affect the immune system. Now, in a slightly different take on the same theme, newer studies are beginning to show that psychological interventions may give an immune boost to patients coping with the stressful world of breast cancer. The ultimate question is whether the interventions translate into health effects that confer survival advantages. Previous studies of cancer patients have produced mixed results, but suggest that group therapy can improve survival. Her findings are preliminary, but so far, Barbara L. Andersen, PhD, professor of psychology at Ohio State University in Columbus, said they show a relationship between stress reduction and immune enhancement in women with breast cancer. "Our hypothesis is that women treated with this psychological intervention
PRACTICAL POINTS OF ECONOMY IN HOSPITAL CONSTRUCTION.
Authors: A. J. OCHSNER
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The matter of economy in the construction of hospitals has come to be of the. greatest importance in every part of this country, because these institutions are now an absolute necessity, not only in the great cities, but in every community. No town of more than one thousand inhabitants should be without its hospital, because these smaller towns contain all other necessities desired by intelligent, educated people. They usually have excellent schools and churches. The water supply is good and there is ample fire protection. The inhabitants of these towns are people of refinement and education, who, together with the population of the surrounding farming communities, make up the most valuable portion of the population of this country. These people must, for many generations to come, supply the physical, mental and moral stamina of this nation and are entitled to all the modern facilities. It seems that in civilized communities,
Transfusion Requirements After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Ludhmila A. Hajjar, Jean-Louis Vincent, Filomena R. B. G. Galas, Rosana E. Nakamura, Carolina M. P. Silva, Marilia H. Santos, Julia Fukushima, Roberto Kalil Filho, Denise B. Sierra, Neuza H. Lopes, Thais Mauad, Aretusa C. Roquim, Marcia R. Sundin, Wanderson C. Leão, Juliano P. Almeida, Pablo M. Pomerantzeff, Luis O. Dallan, Fabio B. Jatene, Noedir A. G. Stolf, Jose O. C. Auler
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Perioperative red blood cell transfusion is commonly used to address anemia, an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality after cardiac operations; however, evidence regarding optimal blood transfusion practice in patients undergoing cardiac surgery is lacking.To define whether a restrictive perioperative red blood cell transfusion strategy is as safe as a liberal strategy in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery.The Transfusion Requirements After Cardiac Surgery (TRACS) study, a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical noninferiority trial conducted between February 2009 and February 2010 in an intensive care unit at a university hospital cardiac surgery referral center in Brazil. Consecutive adult patients (n = 502) who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass were eligible; analysis was by intention-to-treat.Patients were randomly assigned to a liberal strategy of blood transfusion (to maintain a hematocrit ≥30%) or to a restrictive strategy (hematocrit ≥24%).Composite end point of 30-day all-cause mortality and severe morbidity (cardiogenic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or acute renal injury requiring dialysis or hemofiltration) occurring during the hospital stay. The noninferiority margin was predefined at -8% (ie, 8% minimal clinically important increase in occurrence of the composite end point).Hemoglobin concentrations were maintained at a mean of 10.5 g/dL (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.4-10.6) in the liberal-strategy group and 9.1 g/dL (95% CI, 9.0-9.2) in the restrictive-strategy group (P < .001). A total of 198 of 253 patients (78%) in the liberal-strategy group and 118 of 249 (47%) in the restrictive-strategy group received a blood transfusion (P < .001). Occurrence of the primary end point was similar between groups (10% liberal vs 11% restrictive; between-group difference, 1% [95% CI, -6% to 4%]; P = .85). Independent of transfusion strategy, the number of transfused red blood cell units was an independent risk factor for clinical complications or death at 30 days (hazard ratio for each additional unit transfused, 1.2 [95% CI, 1.1-1.4]; P = .002).Among patients undergoing cardiac surgery, the use of a restrictive perioperative transfusion strategy compared with a more liberal strategy resulted in noninferior rates of the combined outcome of 30-day all-cause mortality and severe morbidity.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01021631.
The Electrocardiogram and Vectorcardiogram in Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Massimo Calabresi
Journal: JAMA (1966)

This small volume, presenting the electrocardiographic findings in congenital malformations, is divided in two parts. Part 1 introduces the basic concepts of electrocardiography, then describes the normal electrocardiogram and vectorcardiogram (Grishman cube method) and the abnormalities characteristic of right, left, or combined hypertrophy and of right or left bundlebranch block. Part 2 presents a classification of cardiac malformations based on types and localization of hypertrophy, and on presence or absence of cyanosis. A description of the findings in the individual defects, as seen in the scalar, 12-leads electrocardiogram and in the vectorial loops, follows.  The first part is an attempt to make the nonexperienced reader able to use the information given in part 2. The result is disappointing, for this introduction is inadequate for the beginner and superfluous for the expert.  The detailed analysis of electrocardiographic findings in each malformation is repetitious rather than informative. This, I believe, could not
Impact of Conventional Versus Biventricular Pacing on Hemodynamics and Tissue Doppler Imaging Indexes of Resynchronization Postoperatively in Children With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Phat P. Pham, Seshadri Balaji, Irving Shen, Ross Ungerleider, Xiaokui Li, David J. Sahn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
The acceleration of boron neutron capture therapy using multi-linked mercaptoundecahydrododecaborate (BSH) fused cell-penetrating peptide
Authors: Hiroyuki Michiue, Yoshinori Sakurai, Natsuko Kondo, Mizuki Kitamatsu, Feng Bin, Kiichiro Nakajima, Yuki Hirota, Shinji Kawabata, Tei-ichi Nishiki, Iori Ohmori, Kazuhito Tomizawa, Shin-ichi Miyatake, Koji Ono, Hideki Matsui
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Xenon Ventilation-Perfusion Lung Scans
Authors: Paul R. Pomrehn
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In their article "Xenon Ventilation-Perfusion Lung Scans: The Early Diagnosis of Inhalation Injury," Schall et al (240:2441, 1978) suggest that the "widespread application of this test will reduce the mortality associated with severe thermal burns." Their study has shown that ventilation-perfusion lung scan is a sensitive test in detecting inhalation injury early in its course. If bronchoscopy is considered the diagnostic standard, the lung scan was abnormal in 21 of 21 patients with abnormal bronchoscopic results. However, if the authors recommend using the ventilation-perfusion scan as a screening test for inhalation injury in most major thermal burn patients, I cannot agree. By the authors' admission, the benefits of using methylprednisolone early in inhalation injury are unproved. Assuming that all patients with major burns are monitored closely for respiratory problems from thermal injury, how would early detection by screening alter the care of these patients, and would early
Amplification of Inflammation in Emphysema and Its Association with Latent Adenoviral Infection
Authors: IVAN RETAMALES, W. MARK ELLIOTT, BERNARD MESHI, HARVEY O. COXSON, PETER D. PARE, FRANK C. SCIURBA, ROBERT M. ROGERS, SHIZU HAYASHI, JAMES C. HOGG
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

This study examines the hypothesis that the cigarette smoke-induced inflammatory process is amplified in severe emphysema and explores the association of this response with latent adenoviral infection. Lung tissue from patients with similar smoking histories and either no (n = 7), mild (n = 7), or severe emphysema (n = 7) was obtained by lung resection. Numbers of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN), macrophages, B cells, CD4, CD8 lymphocytes, and eosinophils present in tissue and airspaces and of epithelial cells expressing adenoviral E1A protein were determined using quantitative techniques. Severe emphysema was associated with an absolute increase in the total number of inflammatory cells in the lung tissue and airspaces. The computed tomography (CT) determined extent of lung destruction was related to the number of cells/m(2) surface area by R(2) values that ranged from 0.858 (CD8 cells) to 0.483 (B cells) in the tissue and 0.630 (CD4 cells) to 0.198 (B cells) in the airspaces. These changes were associated with a 5- to 40-fold increase in the number of alveolar epithelial cells expressing adenoviral E1A protein in mild and severe disease, respectively. We conclude that cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation is amplified in severe emphysema and that latent expression of the adenoviral E1A protein expressed by alveolar epithelial cells influenced this amplification process.
Medical associations urge global action on tobacco
Authors: S. Hargreaves
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Medical organisations around the world have urged governments to put health before commercial trade and profit in the fight against tobacco.

They have endorsed a manifesto released this week during international governmental negotiations in Geneva for the World Health Organization's framework convention on tobacco control. An estimated five million people will die from tobacco related illnesses in the next 12 months. Tobacco related illnesses are the single biggest cause of death in Europe, and developing countries are already struggling to cope with …
STUDIES OF TOTAL PULMONARY CAPACITY AND ITS SUBDIVISIONS. VII. OBSERVATIONS DURING THE ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA AND FOLLOWING THE ADMINISTRATION OF EPINEPHRINE 1
Authors: Alberto Hurtado, Nolan L. Kaltreider
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1934)

In the hope that new light might be thrown on the functional pathology of asthma and the mode of action of epinephrine the total pulmonary ca- pacity and its subdivisions have been measured during the acute stage of bronchial asthma, and the observations repeated soon after the adminis- tration of this drug. METHODSThe methods used in the determination of the total pulmonary capacity and its subdivisions, the nomenclature adopted, and the normal findings, both in males and in females, have been fully presented in previous papers (1), (2).The only modification in the technique previously described is that the determinations were made with the patients in the sitting posture, because some were disturbed by severe orthopnea.In five cases the pul- monary capacity was determined during the acute respiratory distress of the asthmatic attack, and again a few minutes after the subcutaneous ad- ministration of epinephrine, when the paroxysm had been relieved.In a sixth case the second determination was made two days later, after the acute symptoms had subsided; in this case no epinephrine had been ad- ministered.
End-Stage Renal Disease-Associated Managed Care Costs Among Patients With and Without Diabetes
Authors: Amie T. Joyce, John M. Iacoviello, Soma Nag, Shiva Sajjan, Evguenia Jilinskaia, Diane Throop, Alexander Pedan, Daniel A. Ollendorf, Charles M. Alexander
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—To examine the direct costs of care before and after onset of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) for patients with and without diabetes based on analyses of retrospective healthcare claims data. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Patients with onset of ESRD between January 1998 though June 2002 were identified based on use of dialysis, renal transplantation, or other ESRD-related services. Continuous health plan enrollment ≥12 months before and ≥1 month after ESRD onset was required. The costs calculated include both observed and adjusted estimates; the latter were calculated using generalized linear models, controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics, “onset” period, and duration of follow-up. Analyses focus on the diabetic ESRD patient and include a comparison with ESRD patients without diabetes. RESULTS—The study included 2,020 patients with diabetes and 2,170 without diabetes; 63% of patients were &amp;gt;50 years of age. Average costs were relatively stable before ESRD ($1,535 to $4,357 for diabetes, $1,082 to $2,447 for no diabetes) but more than doubled in the month preceding onset ($9,152 and $8,211, respectively). Postonset, average monthly per-patient costs escalated sharply in the 1st month ($26,507 and $26,789), declined steadily through month 6, and remained flat but elevated thereafter. Adjusted annual costs per patient pre- and postonset of ESRD were significantly higher for diabetes (P &amp;lt; 0.0001); annual costs were 69% ($38,041 vs. $22,538) and 79% ($96,014 vs. $53,653) higher pre- and postonset, respectively. CONCLUSIONS—The economic burden of ESRD in the year after onset is substantial, particularly among patients with diabetes.
Cerebral Control and Attention Science and Wisdom
Authors: Paul Chauchard
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1979)

Theoretical explanations of the subcortical and cortical mechanisms of attention are given. All psychophysiological approaches must be reevaluated in terms of attention. Excessive vigilance is in reality a lack of vigilance (law of optimum). Good conditioning strengthens needed vigilance and respects our liberty (liberating conditioning). The legitimacy of traditional wisdom (Zen) can be better understood by the grace of science.