tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous fluctuations of viral load in untreated patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: M BOURLIERE
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

A quantitative nucleic acid sequence-based amplification assay (NASBA-QT) for detection of hepatitis C virus RNA (HCV-RNA) was evaluated and compared with the HCV branched-DNA (bDNA) assay (Chiron Corporation) and the HCV MONITOR assay (Roche Diagnostic Systems). For this evaluation five panels were designed: (1) serial dilutions of genotype 1b in-vitro HCV-RNA; (2) standards of in-vitro HCV-RNA genotypes 1a, 1b, 2, 3, 4, and 5; (3) a proficiency panel consisting of 12 HCV-RNA positive plasma samples of different genotypes and HCV-RNA concentrations and a genotype 1a and 1b 3-fold dilution series; (4) a panel of 67 HCV-RNA positive plasma samples obtained from patients with HCV infection and (5) an HCV-RNA positive control sample, diluted 50-fold in 25 different HCV-RNA negative plasma samples. The quantitative detection limit was found to be 103 copies per 100 μl and the qualitative detection limit 102.3 per 100 μl. The amplification efficiency was independent of the plasma matrix, but dependent on the HCV genotype. The HCV NASBA-QT assay was more than 10 times as sensitive as the bDNA assay while the quantitative results of both assays were highly concordant. The HCV NASBA-QT assay was comparable in sensitivity with the HCV MONITOR assay, but the HCV MONITOR assay yielded consistently lower values. It is concluded that the HCV NASBA-QT assay is a reliable assay for quantitative HCV-RNA detection in various settings.
Clinical Course of Deep Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Anthonie W.A. Lensing
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 May 1997Clinical Course of Deep Venous ThrombosisAnthonie W.A. Lensing, MD, PhD, Martin H. Prins, MD, PhD, and Paolo Prandoni, MD, PhDAnthonie W.A. Lensing, MD, PhDAcademic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the NetherlandsUniversity of Padua, Padua, ItalySearch for more papers by this author, Martin H. Prins, MD, PhDAcademic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the NetherlandsUniversity of Padua, Padua, ItalySearch for more papers by this author, and Paolo Prandoni, MD, PhDAcademic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the NetherlandsUniversity of Padua, Padua, ItalySearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-9-199705010-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Drs. Cattaneo and Mannucci hypothesize that a subclinical post-thrombotic syndrome increases the risk for ipsilateral thrombotic recurrence. Their hypothesis is not supported by our data. First, the risk for recurrent deep venous thrombosis depended on the presence or absence of risk factors, whereas the occurrence of post-thrombotic sequelae was most strongly related to recurrent ipsilateral thrombosis. Second, among the 63 patients with recurrent deep venous thrombosis, 35 cases (56%) involved the ipsilateral leg and 28 (44%) involved the contralateral leg. If a subclinical post-thrombotic syndrome would be a major risk factor for recurrence, one should expect that this ...REFERENCE1. Simioni P, Prandoni P, Lensing AW, Scudeller A, Sardella C, Prins MH, et al. The risk of recurrent thromboembolism in patients with an Arg506→Gln mutation in the gene for factor V (factor V Leiden). N Engl J Med. 1997; 336:399-403. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the NetherlandsUniversity of Padua, Padua, Italy PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1997Volume 126, Issue 9Page: 743-744KeywordsDeep vein thrombosisFactor V LeidenHazard ratioMedical risk factors Issue Published: 1 May 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Leprosy-Control Methods
Authors: Joseph Westermeyer
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  Dr. Arnold is too harsh in pronouncing the village-center treatment of leprosy anachronistic ( 195 :595, 1966). In the northern hill country of Thailand where Dr. Buker has worked and in Laos, circumstances make this the only feasible method at present.  There are virtually no roads. As a result, the medicine and personnel must be transported by STOL (slow-take-off-and-land) aircraft, by helicopter, or by foot and pack over mountains.  The country is mountainous, the population exceedingly sparse, and the weather inclement for much of the year. Thus, the logistics problem in supplying medical commodity to even a few dozen leprosy villages is herculean.  Due to the shifting slash and burn agriculture practiced by the hill tribes people and the refugee movements brought on by foreign military incursions into the area, it is necessary to group patients merely to keep track of them.  Professional medical care is stretched extremely
Renal and Electrolyte Disorders
Authors: Robert E. Cronin
Journal: JAMA (1993)

This is the fourth edition of a text that first appeared in 1976. At its inception it measured 471 pages; the current edition has 846 pages, a remarkable 80% growth in size. However, the physical arrangement and scope of nephrologic topics covered in the fourth edition is virtually identical to the first, and the book retains its original compact feel. The given purpose of this text is that the reader will understand the pathophysiology of kidney disease. I believe that the authors have been very successful in achieving this goal. Eleven new names appear on the list of contributing authors. Three chapters ("Disorders of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System," "Obstructive Nephropathy: Pathophysiology and Management," and "Proteinuria and the Nephrotic Syndrome") have been freshly rewritten by acknowledged experts in these areas. As with the other chapters, the format of the new ones is an initial well-referenced description of the pathophysiology of the disorder,
Ebf1 heterozygosity results in increased DNA damage in pro-B cells and their synergistic transformation by Pax5 haploinsufficiency
Authors: Mahadesh A. J. Prasad, Jonas Ungerbäck, Josefine Åhsberg, Rajesh Somasundaram, Tobias Strid, Malin Larsson, Robert Månsson, Ayla De Paepe, Henrik Lilljebjörn, Thoas Fioretos, James Hagman, Mikael Sigvardsson
Journal: Blood (2015)
Effect of moderate physical exercise on serum lipoproteins. A controlled clinical trial with special reference to serum high-density lipoproteins.
Authors: J K Huttunen, E Länsimies, E Voutilainen, C Ehnholm, E Hietanen, I Penttilä, O Siitonen, R Rauramaa
Journal: Circulation (1979)

A controlled trial is reported on the effects of mild-to-moderate physical activity on serum lipoproteins. After two baseline examinations 100 asymptomatic middle-aged men were randomly assigned to exercise and control groups. The exercise group participated in a 4-month exercise program that consisted of 3-4 weekly sessions. The control group was advised to maintain their previous exercise habits. The success of the program was corroborated by the increase in VO2 in the training group, but not in the control group. Serum triglycerides decreased from 1.54 +/- 0.10 to 1.27 +/- 0.08 mmol/1 (p less than 0.001) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol increased from 1.27 +/- 0.04 to 1.41 +/- 0.04 mmol/1 (p less than 0.01) in the exercise group during the trial. No change was seen in the control group. As the concentration of apolipoprotein AI stayed constant in both groups, the ratio HDL cholesterol/apolipoprotein AI increased only in the exercise group. The level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein AII decreased in both groups during the trial. The alterations in serum triglycerides and HDL cholesterol in the exercise group were not dependent on weight reduction; similar changes were also seen in subjects with constant body weight during the intervention.
Preconditioning protects liver and lung damage in rat liver transplantation: Role of xanthine/xanthine oxidase
Authors: Leticia Fernández, Nicolás Heredia, Luis Grande, Gloria Gómez, Antonio Rimola, Alberto Marco, Emilio Gelpí, Joan Roselló-Catafau, Carmen Peralta
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

This study was designed to evaluate whether ischemic preconditioning could confer protection against liver and lung damage associated with liver transplantation. The effect of preconditioning on the xanthine/xanthine oxidase (XOD) system in liver grafts subjected to 8 and 16 hours of cold ischemia was also evaluated. Increased xanthine levels and marked conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) to XOD were observed after hepatic cold ischemia. Xanthine/XOD could play a role in the liver and lung damage associated with liver transplantation. This assumption is based on the observation that inhibition of XOD reduced postischemic reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and hepatic injury as well as ensuing lung inflammatory damage, including neutrophil accumulation, oxidative stress, and edema formation. Ischemic preconditioning reduced xanthine accumulation and conversion of XDH to XOD in liver grafts during cold ischemia. This could diminish liver and lung damage following liver transplantation. In the liver, preconditioning prevented postischemic ROS generation and hepatic injury as well as the injurious effects in the lung following liver transplantation. Administration of xanthine and XOD to preconditioned rats led to hepatic ROS and transaminase levels similar to those found after reperfusion and abolished the protective effect of preconditioning on the lung inflammatory damage. In conclusion, ischemic preconditioning reduces both liver and lung damage following liver transplantation. This endogenous protective mechanism is capable of blocking xanthine/XOD generation in liver grafts during cold ischemia.
The Early Radiological Diagnosis of Diseases of the Pancreas and Ampulla of Vater: Elective Exploration of the Ampulla of Vater and the Head of the Pancreas by Hypotonic Duodenography
Authors: John Doppman
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The essence of this monograph is contained in its subtitle, "Elective Exploration of the Ampulla of Vater and Head of the Pancreas by Hypotonic Duodenography." To most American radiologists, this procedure will be an unfamiliar one. The strikingly detailed duodenal studies illustrating this book should do much to popularize the technique. The basic idea of hypotonic duodenography is temporarily to abolish duodenal peristalsis and tone and then to distend the duodenum with barium injected under pressure. Ileus is achieved by the intramuscular injection of an anticholinergic drug after an intestinal tube has been positioned in the duodenum. A viscous local anesthetic is injected, followed by thick barium paste which completely distends the flaccid duodenum, molding it against the pancreatic head. Double contrast studies complete the examination. Although more complicated than routine barium studies, this procedure seems safe, and duodenal visualization is remarkably improved. Following a section on normal anatomy and
The new platinum(IV) derivative LA-12 shows stronger inhibitory effect on Hsp90 function compared to cisplatin
Authors: Veronika Kvardova, Roman Hrstka, Dawid Walerych, Petr Muller, Eva Matoulkova, Veronika Hruskova, Dagmar Stelclova, Petr Sova, Borivoj Vojtesek
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2010)

Abstract Background Cisplatin and its derivatives are commonly used anti-cancer drugs. However, cisplatin has clinical limitations including serious side effects and frequent emergence of intrinsic or acquired resistance. Thus, the novel platinum(IV) complex LA-12 represents a promising treatment modality, which shows increased intracellular penetration resulting in improved cytotoxicity in various cancer cell lines, including cisplatin resistant cells. Results LA-12 disrupts cellular proliferation regardless of the p53 status in the cells, however the potency of the drug is greatly enhanced by the presence of a functional p53, indicating several mechanisms of action. Similarly to cisplatin, an interaction of LA-12 with molecular chaperone Hsp90 was proposed. Binding of LA-12 to Hsp90 was demonstrated by Hsp90 immunoprecipitation followed by platinum measurement using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). An inhibitory effect of LA-12 on Hsp90 chaperoning function was shown by decrease of Hsp90-assisted wild-type p53 binding to p21 WAF1 promoter sequence in vitro and by accelerated ubiqutination and degradation of primarily unfolded mutant p53 proteins in cells exposed to LA-12. Conclusions To generalize our findings, LA-12 induced degradation of other Hsp90 client proteins such as Cyclin D1 and estrogen receptor was shown and proved as more efficient in comparison with cisplatin. This newly characterised molecular mechanism of action opens opportunities to design new cancer treatment strategy profitable from unique LA-12 properties, which combine DNA damaging and Hsp90 inhibitory effects.
The Law, the Doctor and the Deviant — Country Life — Aunt Teresa's Migraine
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

THE Winchester address, which is given annually to the Winchester City division of the British Medical Association by a distinguished person outside the medical profession on a topic concerning the practice of medicine in contemporary society, has once again provided much food for thought. This year Baroness Wootton, speaking on "The Law, the Doctor and the Deviant," drew the attention of her audience to the splendid new empires that are displayed before the medical world. She suggested that the profession has inherited the mantle of the Church in an age in which profound religious conviction is exceptional and intimations of . . .
IL-6 induces an anti-inflammatory response in the absence of SOCS3 in macrophages
Authors: Hideo Yasukawa, Masanobu Ohishi, Hiroyuki Mori, Masaaki Murakami, Takatoshi Chinen, Daisuke Aki, Toshikatsu Hanada, Kiyoshi Takeda, Shizuo Akira, Masahiko Hoshijima, Toshio Hirano, Kenneth R Chien, Akihiko Yoshimura
Journal: Nature Immunology (2003)
Chronic Endothelin Receptor Blockade Attenuates Progressive Ventricular Dilation and Improves Cardiac Function in Rats With Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Daniela Fraccarollo, Kai Hu, Paolo Galuppo, Peter Gaudron, Georg Ertl
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Left ventricular dilatation after myocardial infarction is associated with impaired ventricular function and heart failure and has important implications for survival. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in ventricular dilatation and the effects of chronic endothelin receptor blockade by a mixed ET A and ET B receptor blocker (bosentan) on the circulating and cardiac endothelin systems. Methods and Results Three hours after coronary ligation or sham operation, bosentan (100 mg · kg body wt −1 · d −1 ) or placebo was given by gavage. Seven days and 8 weeks after surgery, hemodynamic and left ventricular volume studies were performed. Acute bosentan treatment (7 days) had no effects on hemodynamic parameters and early left ventricular dilatation. In the rats with large infarcts, chronic bosentan treatment (8 weeks) versus placebo reduced left ventricular systolic pressure (116±2 versus 125±3 mm Hg, P &lt;.05) and arterial pressure (93±2 versus 103±3 mm Hg, P &lt;.05), improved stroke volume index (0.69±0.06 versus 0.52±0.04 mL/kg, P &lt;.05), and prevented in part the rightward shift of the pressure-volume curve. Chronic bosentan treatment also decreased ET-1 levels (390±33 versus 475±22 pg/g tissue, P &lt;.05) and density of ET-1 receptors (262±24 versus 346±31 fmol/mg protein, P &lt;.05) in left ventricular myocardium. Conclusions In the present study, a mixed ET A and ET B receptor antagonist (bosentan) partially prevented left ventricular dilatation and improved hemodynamics, suggesting that endothelin plays a role in left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. Supporting this hypothesis, we show inhibitory effects of bosentan on the peripheral and myocardial endothelin system.
THE REVISION OF THE MEDICAL CURRICULUM
Authors: ARTHUR DEAN BEVAN
Journal: JAMA (1923)

In the last few years there has been among medical educators much discussion of the necessity or, at least, the desirability of revising the medical curriculum. During the last year I have made this matter the subject of a special study, and shall present the result briefly. The problem of this special research was: What should the medical student be taught? What must the medical student know in order to qualify as a practitioner of medicine? I undertook to find out, first, what the medical student is being taught in our better medical schools today. This I attempted to do, first, by visiting various laboratory and clinical departments and inspecting the work done in these departments; and, secondly, by reading and reviewing (I found this both interesting and instructive) some recent generally employed textbooks on each subject, such as Macleod's "Biochemistry and Physiology" applied to medicine, Cunningham's "Anatomy," Starling's "Physiology,"
Acute Renal Failure in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: C. Ponticelli, E. Imbasciati, D. Brancaccio, A. Tarantino, E. Rivolta
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Acute anuric renal failure complicating systemic lupus erythematosus does not usually respond to treatment with corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents. We describe four cases treated by dialysis, corticosteroids, and heparin in anticoagulant doses in which there was remarkable improvement in renal function after prolonged anuria. One patient died later from a gastric haemorrhage. The other three were alive and well 55, 54, and 30 months from the onset of anuria. In two cases a second renal biopsy showed a striking improvement in the lesions. Large doses of corticosteroid and heparin may be the best treatment in acute anuric lupus nephritis.
Calcitriol and Renal Function-Reply
Authors: Shaul G. Massry
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Christiansen and associates continue to insist that the use of 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub>is hazardous in patients with advanced uremia. They claim that we misquoted their data. Despite careful and repeated reading of their original article,<sup>1</sup>we still could find only information on creatinine clearance at start and end of therapy. Furthermore, despite the claim in their letter that normocalcemia was maintained in the patients, their data showed that seven or eight patients had hypercalcemia develop during 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub>therapy. Now they provide us with serial data on percent change in serum creatinine clearance. This is misleading since an increment of 40% in serum creatinine clearance from 5.0 to 7.0 mL/dL has a different connotation and clinical import than a 40% rise from 10.0 to 14.0 mg/dL. Why do they not provide the actual absolute values and allow the readers to judge the meaning
Pilomatrix carcinoma and multiple pilomatrixomas
Authors: T.A. McCULLOCH, S. SINGH, D.W.K. COTTON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Pilomatrixoma is the only skin appendage tumour showing predominantly hair matrix differentiation. Rarely, aggressive or malignant variants are reported in the literature. We report a case of a 44-year-old male with multiple pilomatrixomas, one of which grew rapidly, recurring several times. Histological examination of this tumour showed predominantly hair matrix differentiation but also abortive hair follicle formation with pilar keratinization reminiscent of a trichoepithelioma. Numerous mitoses and moderate cellular pleomorphism were present, associated with infiltration of subcutaneous skeletal muscle and vascular invasion.
Integral Role of Transcription Factor 8 in the Negative Regulation of Tumor Angiogenesis
Authors: Takayuki Inuzuka, Masumi Tsuda, Shinya Tanaka, Hideaki Kawaguchi, Yujiro Higashi, Yusuke Ohba
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Angiogenesis is involved in various physiologic and pathological conditions, including tumor growth, and is tightly regulated by the orchestration of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors. Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the best-established antiangiogenic treatment in cancer, has shown some effectiveness; however, the identification of novel regulators, whose function is independent of VEGF, is required to achieve better outcomes. Here, we show that transcription factor 8 (TCF8) is up-regulated in endothelial cells during angiogenesis, acting as a negative regulator. Furthermore, TCF8 is specifically expressed in the endothelium of tumor vessels. Tcf8-heterozygous knockout mice are more permissive than wild-type mice to the formation of tumor blood vessels in s.c. implanted melanoma, which seems to contribute to the more aggressive growth and the lung metastases of the tumor in mutant mice. Suppression of TCF8 facilitates angiogenesis in both in vitro and ex vivo models, and displays comprehensive cellular phenotypes, including enhanced cell invasion, impaired cell adhesion, and increased cell monolayer permeability due to, at least partly, MMP1 overexpression, attenuation of focal adhesion formation, and insufficient VE-cadherin recruitment, respectively. Taken together, our findings define a novel, integral role for TCF8 in the regulation of pathologic angiogenesis, and propose TCF8 as a target for therapeutic intervention in cancer.
TCT-717 Emergent Cardiac Surgery During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) - Insights from the Edwards SAPIEN Aortic Bioprosthesis European Outcome (SOURCE) Registry
Authors: Holger Eggebrecht, Rajendra H. Mehta, Philipp Kahlert, Gerhard Schymik, Thierry Lefevre, Rudiger Lange, Carlos Macaya, Lazar Mandinov, Olaf Wendler, Martyn Thomas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Molar Sodium Lactate
Authors: Samuel Bellet, Fred Wasserman, Jerome I. Brody
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

IN previous communications we have discussed the action of molar sodium lactate in increasing the heart rate in patients with sinus bradycardia, partial and complete atrioventricular heart block and Stokes—Adams seizures, and have described the effects in the presence of terminal cardiac arrest.1 , 2 The purpose of this presentation is to amplify the original observations and to report the experience gained from subsequent studies.Methods and MaterialsMolar sodium lactate¶ was administered to the following groups of patients:To relatively asymptomatic patients with complete atrioventricular heart block whose rates varied from 32 to 71 per minute. The purpose was to determine . . .
Superior Athletic Performance Two Decades after Cardiac Transplantation
Authors: Mark Haykowsky, Wayne Tymchak
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

making critical management decisions solely on the basis of urine fluorescence.This recommendation is especially pertinent in the pediatric population, given the extremely high rate of fluorescence in patients who have not been poisoned. 1,2 Difficulties with positive and negative controls as well as interobserver variability are also important considerations.We acknowledge that the result of our own bedside test could represent a false positive finding from one or more fluorophores, as Theelen points out.In a report by Parsa et al., images of fluorescent urine samples from children who have not been poisoned retain their blue hue despite elevated levels of sodium fluorescein. 2 Given the lack of rapidly available testing for ethylene glycol in many centers, we still believe that urine fluorescence may have some use as an adjuvant test in adults.Above all, we strongly urge clinicians with questions regarding testing and management of both suspected and confirmed poisonings to consult with their local poisoncontrol center.