tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
STUDIES OF NIACIN REQUIREMENT IN MAN. I. EXPERIMENTAL PELLAGRA IN SUBJECTS ON CORN DIETS LOW IN NIACIN AND TRYPTOPHAN 1
Authors: Grace A. Goldsmith, Herbert P. Sarett, U. D. Register, Janis Gibbens
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1952)

Early attempts to estimate human niacin requirement were based on calculations of the niacin content of pellagragenic and nonpellagragenic diets (1, 2). It was appreciated that the protein content of the diet was in some way related to niacin requirement. Recent studies showing that the amino acid tryptophan is converted in part to niacin compounds in man (3-5) may explain the above relationship, and also the pellagra preventive effect of foods which are low in niacin but rich in good protein. The present experiments were designed to study niacin requirement in man with diets of known tryptophan content. Estimation of minimum tryptophan requirement for nitrogen balance (6) permits formulation of diets containing little excess tryptophan which may be converted to niacin. The discovery of the major metabolites of niacin, namely Nl-methylnicotinamide (N'-Me) and the 6-pyridone of Nl-methylnicotinamide (pyridone), and the development of methods for the measurement of these compounds in urine, now permit more complete studies of niacin metabolism (7-11).
The impact of traveling to endemic areas on the spread of hepatitis E virus infection: Epidemiological and molecular analyses
Authors: Jaw-Ching Wu, I-Jane Sheen, Tzen-Yuh Chiang, Wen-Yung Sheng, Yuan-Jen Wang, Cho-Yu Chan, Shou-Dong Lee
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Traveling to endemic areas carries a risk of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection, but no molecular analysis to document sources of infection is available. Eighteen (38%) of 47 patients with acute non-A, non-B, non-C hepatitis were positive for antibody to HEV (anti-HEV), and 9 (50%) of these were also positive for serum HEV RNA by polymerase chain reaction following reverse transcription. Only 1 (5%) of the 21 patients with acute hepatitis A was positive for HEV RNA. Travel to endemic areas (mostly to China; odds ratio, 22.2; 95% confidence interval, 4.7-105.8) and deeper jaundice (odds ratio, 5.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-27.2) were the only factors associated with HEV infection in multivariate analysis. The two HEV isolates from two patients who had traveled to China and the HEV isolate from a patient whose travel history was obscure formed a monophyletic group with the isolates from Guangzhou. The HEV isolates from our patients show a homology of 72% to 78% in nucleotide sequence with the Burma, Beijing, India, Pakistan, and Xiangjiang strains; a homology of 81% to 91% with the Guangzhou strains; and a homology of 76% with the Mexico strain. The close relationship between the Taiwan isolates and the Guangzhou strains was further supported by the short Kimura’s two-parameter distances among them. In summary, HEV infection does occur in this area. Epidemiological and molecular analyses strongly indicate that most cases of HEV infection originated from travel to HEV-endemic areas.
Two functional components of the hippocampal memory system
Authors: Howard Eichenbaum, Tim Otto, Neal J. Cohen
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1994)

Abstract There is considerable evidence that the hippocampal system contributes both to (1) the temporary maintenance of memories and to (2) the processing of a particular type of memory representation. The findings on amnesia suggest that these two distinguishing features of hippocampal memory processing are orthogonal. Together with anatomical and physiological data, the neuropsychological findings support a model of cortico-hippocampal interactions in which the temporal and representational properties of hippocampal memory processing are mediated separately. We propose that neocortical association areas maintain shortterm memories for specific items and events prior to hippocampal processing as well as providing the final repositories of long-term memory. The parahippocampal region supports intermediate-term storage of individual items, and the hippocampal formation itself mediates an organization of memories according to relevant relationships among items. Hippocampal-cortical interactions produce (i) strong and persistent memories for events, including their constituent elements and the relationships among them, and (ii) a capacity to express memories flexibly across a wide range of circumstances.
Pyridoxine-Responsive Anemia
Authors: A. J. Erslev, A. A. Lear, W. B. Castle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

HYPOCHROMIC, microcytic anemia combined with normal or elevated serum iron is a syndrome characteristically found in patients harboring the thalassemia gene. This syndrome is also encountered in some patients who for various reasons are unable to utilize their circulating iron for heme synthesis. In a few of these a specific deficiency of pyridoxine (vitamin B6) appears to be responsible for this defective synthesis.1 2 3 4 5 It has been known for many years that pyridoxine deficiency induced in laboratory animals may result in a reversible hypochromic, microcytic anemia with a high serum iron.6 That a human counterpart for this syndrome exists . . .
Mother fails to win right to control treatment for son
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1999)

If parents and doctors are in “grave” conflict over a child's treatment, the court must be asked to decide, England's most senior civil judge said last week.

Lord Woolf, master of the rolls, and two other appeal court judges were refusing a request by the mother of a severely handicapped boy for a declaration that doctors could not treat her son or withhold treatment from him against her will.

The judges refused Carol Glass the declaration …
Humanitarian responses to mass violence perpetrated against vulnerable populations
Authors: G. A Gellert
Journal: BMJ (1995)

This multidisciplinary review links three areas of legitimate inquiry for practitioners of medicine and public health. The first is occurrences of mass violence or genocide perpetrated against vulnerable populations, with a focus on the failure of national and international mechanisms to prevent or predict such violence. The second is evolving concepts of national sovereignty and an emerging framework in which the imperative to assist vulnerable populations supersedes a state's right to self determination. The last is how medical, public health, and other systems of surveillance and rapid assessment of mass violence can accelerate public awareness and facilitate structured, consistent political decision making to prevent mass violence and to provide international humanitarian assistance.
Meaningful Use of Health Information Technology Is Managing Information
Authors: Richard J. Baron
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Invasion of the Central Nervous System by Borrelia burgdorferi in Acute Disseminated Infection
Authors: Benjamin J. Luft
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine central nervous system (CNS) involvement in acutely disseminated<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>infection by measurement of borrelia-specific DNA using the polymerase chain-reaction (PCR) assay and to compare the results of this with standard serological tests. <h3>Design.</h3> —Prospective study with laboratory investigators blinded to clinical data. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Multicenter office practice with a central reference laboratory. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected from 12 patients with acute disseminated Lyme borreliosis with less than 2 weeks of active disease. The normal control specimens came from 16 patients whose CSF samples had been sent to the clinical laboratory for tests unrelated to the present study. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Clinical evidence of disease and laboratory abnormalities. <h3>Results.</h3> —Eight of the 12 patients (four of six with multiple areas of erythema migrans and four of six with cranial neuritis without erythema migrans) had<i>B burgdorferi</i>—specific DNA in their CSF. Among the 12 patients studied, nine had acute cranial neuritis and six had multiple erythema migrans lesions. Just four of the eight who were found to have spirochetal DNA in their CSF had complaints suggestive of CNS infection. In three of the PCR-positive CSF samples, no other abnormalities were noted. None of 16 samples from controls were positive in the PCR assay. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —<i>B burgdorferi</i>can invade the CNS early in the course of infection. Careful consideration should be given to choosing antibiotics that achieve adequate CSF levels in patients with disseminated infection. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:1364-1367)
Cognitive and Behavioral Outcomes of School-Aged Children Who Were Born Preterm
Authors: Adnan T. Bhutta, Mario A. Cleves, Patrick H. Casey, Mary M. Cradock, K. J. S. Anand
Journal: JAMA (2002)

The cognitive and behavioral outcomes of school-aged children who were born preterm have been reported extensively. Many of these studies have methodological flaws that preclude an accurate estimate of the long-term outcomes of prematurity.To estimate the effect of preterm birth on cognition and behavior in school-aged children.MEDLINE search (1980 to November 2001) for English-language articles, supplemented by a manual search of personal files maintained by 2 of the authors.We included case-control studies reporting cognitive and/or behavioral data of children who were born preterm and who were evaluated after their fifth birthday if the attrition rate was less than 30%. From the 227 reviewed studies, cognitive data from 15 studies and behavioral data from 16 studies were selected.Data on population demographics, study characteristics, and cognitive and behavioral outcomes were extracted from each study, entered in a customized database, and reviewed twice to minimize error. Differences between the mean cognitive scores of cases and controls were pooled. Homogeneity across studies was formally tested using a general variance-based method and graphically using Galbraith plots. Linear meta-analysis regression models were fitted to explore the impact of birth weight and gestational age on cognitive outcomes. Study-specific relative risks (RRs) were calculated for the incidence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and pooled. Quality assessment of the studies was performed based on a 10-point scale. Publication bias was examined using Begg modified funnel plots and formally tested using the Egger weighted-linear regression method.Among 1556 cases and 1720 controls, controls had significantly higher cognitive scores compared with children who were born preterm (weighted mean difference, 10.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.2-12.5). The mean cognitive scores of preterm-born cases and term-born controls were directly proportional to their birth weight (R(2) = 0.51; P<.001) and gestational age (R(2) = 0.49; P<.001). Age at evaluation had no significant correlation with mean difference in cognitive scores (R(2) = 0.12; P =.20). Preterm-born children showed increases in externalizing and internalizing behaviors in 81% of studies and had more than twice the RR for developing ADHD (pooled RR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.85-3.78). No differences were noted in cognition and behaviors based on the quality of the study.Children who were born preterm are at risk for reduced cognitive test scores and their immaturity at birth is directly proportional to the mean cognitive scores at school age. Preterm-born children also show an increased incidence of ADHD and other behaviors.
Low Sedimentation Rate, Hypofibrinogenemia and Restrictive Pseudo-Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Associated with Trichinosis
Authors: Eugene D. Robin, Charles H. Crump, Richard J. Wagman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

TRICHINOSIS is a relatively common infection whose classic clinical manifestations are well known. These include muscle pain and tenderness, eosinophilia, fever, periorbital edema and conjunctival and splinter hemorrhages. A number of other manifestations, although much less common, may be useful in calling attention to the possibility of this diagnosis. One such manifestation is the presence of a low or normal sedimentation rate in the face of obvious and severe inflammatory disease.1 It is the purpose of this communication to describe a patient with trichinosis in whom the possibility of trichinosis was raised because of this finding. Studies in this patient . . .
JAM-B regulates maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow
Authors: Marie-Laure Arcangeli, Vincent Frontera, Florence Bardin, Elodie Obrados, Susanne Adams, Christian Chabannon, Claudine Schiff, Stephane. J. C. Mancini, Ralf H. Adams, Michel Aurrand-Lions
Journal: Blood (2011)
Multiple Maxima of Likelihood in Phylogenetic Trees: An Analytic Approach
Authors: Benny Chor, Michael D. Hendy, Barbara R. Holland, David Penny
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

Maximum likelihood (ML) is a widely used criterion for selecting optimal evolutionary trees. However, the nature of the likelihood surface for trees is still not sufficiently understood, especially with regard to the frequency of multiple optima. Here, we initiate an analytic study for identifying sequences that generate multiple optima. We concentrate on the problem of optimizing edge weights for a given tree or trees (as opposed to searching through the space of all trees). We report a new approach to computing ML directly, which we have used to find large families of sequences that have multiple optima, including sequences with a continuum of optimal points. Such data sets are best supported by different (two or more) phylogenies that vary significantly in their timings of evolutionary events. Some standard biological processes can lead to data with multiple optima, and consequently the field needs further investigation. Our results imply that hill-climbing techniques as currently implemented in various software packages cannot guarantee that one will find the global ML point, even if it is unique.
Standardization, Licensing, and Availability of Live Poliovirus Vaccine
Authors: Roderick Murray
Journal: JAMA (1961)

AT THIS POINT in time, a discussion of the problems encountered with inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine, Salk vaccine, is relatively simple. Once the difficulties which were encountered in 1955 had been surmounted, there were no further problems with safety in the field. The revised safety testing procedures introduced in 1955 have been consistently effective in providing a safe product. Problems do occur on occasion in the course of manufacture which emphasize the validity of the revised test procedures. Some relatively minor problems have arisen from time to time, such as the presence of penicillin in the vaccine as originally produced, but it is now possible readily to obtain vaccine prepared with other antibiotics. The introduction of more stringent manufacturing and testing procedures in 1955 was associated with a fall in average potency. Although remaining within the required potency limits, this was nevertheless undesirable in a vaccine which is not 100% effective
Use of a fibrin-based system for enhancing angiogenesis and modulating inflammation in the treatment of hyperglycemic wounds
Authors: M. Kulkarni, A. O'Loughlin, R. Vazquez, K. Mashayekhi, P. Rooney, U. Greiser, E. O'Toole, T. O'Brien, Maria M. Malagon, A. Pandit
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
ALOX5AP and LTA4H polymorphisms modify augmentation of bronchodilator responsiveness by leukotriene modifiers in Latinos
Authors: Haig Tcheurekdjian, Marc Via, Anthony De Giacomo, Harriet Corvol, Celeste Eng, Shannon Thyne, Rocio Chapela, William Rodriguez-Cintron, Jose R. Rodriguez-Santana, Pedro C. Avila, Esteban González Burchard
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
EARLY CUTANEOUS CARCINOMA
Authors: RICHARD L. SUTTON
Journal: JAMA (1935)

In practice, one sees not infrequently circumscribed epithelial new growths that in theory are difficult to classify. Some of them develop into carcinoma. I have interested myself in an attempt to determine which lesions have this potentiality, for it should be possible to identify carcinoma in its exceedingly early phases. It is plain that a new growth which has appeared where previously there was no growth must, while now obvious, have been at one time borderline, before that invisible, and before that nonextant. The argument bears no controversy that a lesion having arisen de novo must have had a beginning and must have progressively evolved. The problem arises, At what point is a carcinoma not a carcinoma? At what point does a process appearing de novo attain the status of cancerousness? I am of the decided opinion that, at least in many instances, it is correct to think that cancer
Computers in Medicine
Authors: Octo Barnett
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Two dominant characteristics of the current practice of medicine are the "explosion" in medical knowledge and the increased importance of the medical record in documenting patient care for an ever-growing list of users. The practice of medicine is dominated by how we process information, how we record information, how we retrieve information, and how we communicate information. The need to improve the management of this information has been an important driving force stimulating the development of information technology applications in medicine. Although the potential of the use of information technology in medicine is still only beginning to be realized, the development and dissemination of computer applications is occurring at an ever-increasing rate. The explosion of knowledge in the basic medical sciences and in the development of new methods for diagnosing and treating illness makes it a formidable task to keep abreast of current medical literature. The most important medical literature
Decision‐analytic evaluation of the clinical effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of management programmes in chronic heart failure
Authors: Alexander Göhler, Annette Conrads‐Frank, Stewart S. Worrell, Benjamin P. Geisler, Elkan F. Halpern, Rainer Dietz, Stefan D. Anker, G. Scott Gazelle, Uwe Siebert
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2008)
Concealed Metastatic Lung Carcinoma Presenting as Acute Coronary Syndrome With Progressive Conduction Abnormalities
Authors: Martina Perazzolo Marra, Gaetano Thiene, Manuel De Lazzari, Fiorella Calabrese, Carmelo Lacognata, Stefania Rizzo, Luisa Cacciavillani, Francesco Tona, Francesco Corbetti, Sabino Iliceto, Cristina Basso
Journal: Circulation (2012)
SPECT, Tc-99m CERETEC (HMPAO), BRAIN PERFUSION IMAGING IN LYME DISEASE
Authors: J A Vento, R Sood, M K Karimeddini
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Greater New York and New England Chapters, the Society of Nuclear Medicine 18th Annual Northeast Regional Scientific Session Abstracts October 22–October 24, 2004—Stamford, Connecticut: PDF Only
Tumor-Stroma Ratio Is an Independent Predictor for Survival in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: kai Wang, Wei Ma, Jianbo Wang, Liang Yu, Xiaomei Zhang, Zhenbo Wang, Bingxu Tan, Nana Wang, Bing Bai, Shengsi Yang, Houqiang Liu, Shengjie Zhu, Yufeng Cheng
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
Immunity, Transferrin, and Survival in Kwashiorkor
Authors: H. McFarlane, S. Reddy, K. J. Adcock, H. Adeshina, A. R. Cooke, J. Akene
Journal: BMJ (1970)

In a study of 40 children with kwashiorkor, serum albumin, transferrin, and immunoglobulin levels were measured. Treatment included chloroquine, pyrimethamine, multivitamins, folic acid, iron compounds, and a high-protein diet. After two weeks the mean serum transferrin values in the children who survived and those who died were 1.30 mg./ml. and 0.33 mg./ml., respectively. Many of the children died immediately after treatment started, and it is suggested that in children with severe kwashiorkor and low serum transferrin levels any increase in free-circulating iron may result in overwhelming infection and death. Thus the appropriate time for instituting iron therapy in such patients should be reconsidered.
Diabetes and the Promise of Managed Care
Authors: Robert C McDonald
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

The term managed care has a positive connotation to many people and a negative connotation to others. It implies a systematic approach to the provision of care supported by a managed care organization, the underlying values of which are efficiency in care delivery and continuous health improvement of the population being served. The recent advances in knowledge surrounding the treatment of diabetes, the codification of these advances into treatment guidelines, and the significant gap between recommended and real-world treatment patterns all suggest that there is an opportunity for managed care organizations to play a beneficial role in improving the treatment of people with diabetes. Typical strategies used by managed care organizations include dissemination of treatment guidelines and information feedback to providers and patients to suggest diagnostic measures or therapeutic interventions that should be repeated with regularity to maintain or improve the health of people with diabetes. Improvements in population-level measurement of health care quality will increase the focus on preventable long-term complications of diabetes and other chronic diseases and may establish increasingly quantitative quality metrics that should improve real-world treatment patterns. Models exist for a multifaceted approach to improve the care of people with diabetes through such mechanisms; this article reviews the experience of one health plan with such undertakings.