tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Biochemistry, Schizophrenias, and Affective Illness
Authors: Sidney Malitz
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Reading this book is a frustrating experience. It is probably the best source of authoritative knowledge about the biochemistry of mental illness. It is encyclopedic in scope. Yet it leaves the clinician feeling dissatisfied. Why should this be? The editor, Dr. Himwich, has admirably described the present status of indoleamines in schizophrenia and depression. Drs. Snezhevsky and Vartanyan have reviewed the role of erythrocyte permeability in schizophrenia and given us the Russian approach to classification. Dr. Schildkraut has made an exhaustive, scholarly review of catecholamine metabolism and affective illness. Dr. Gottlieb and his co-workers have reviewed their provocative hypothesis about the role of γ2 globulin in schizophrenia and have suggested that this substance is out of control in the schizophrenic just as glucose is out of control in the diabetic. Dr. Heath has brought up to date his immunological theory of the etiology of schizophrenia and the possibility of an
Évaluation de l'apport de l'association acide acétique et FICE dans la détection de la dysplasie de haut grade et des carcinomes intra-muqueux sur oesophage de Barrett
Authors: M Camus, R Coriat, S Leblanc, C Brezault, U Chaput, M Gaudric, F Prat, B Terris, S Chaussade
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Introduction: La détection des zones de DHG sur EBO est un objectif majeur de l'endoscopie dans la surveillance des EBO. La coloration par l'acide acétique a permis de bien caractériser le pit pattern des EBO. La chromo endoscopie »virtuelle« est une technique intégrée à la vidéoendoscopie. La technique FICE utilise un algorithme qui sélectionne des longueurs d'ondes précises et reconstitue une image de façon instantanée Le but de ce travail a été de décrire la sémiologie endoscopique du système FICE après application d'acide acétique chez des patients porteurs d'un EBO avec et sansdysplasie de haut grade (DHG) ou des carcinomes intra muqueux sur oesophage de Barrett et ainsi d'évaluer l'apport diagnostique de cette technique.
The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD)
Authors: Patrick S. Kamath, Ray W. Kim
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Abstract The Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) was initially created to predict survival in patients with complications of portal hypertension undergoing elective placement of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts. The MELD which uses only objective variables was validated subsequently as an accurate predictor of survival among different populations of patients with advanced liver disease. The major use of the MELD score has been in allocation of organs for liver transplantation. However, the MELD score has also been shown to predict survival in patients with cirrhosis who have infections, variceal bleeding, as well as in patients with fulminant hepatic failure and alcoholic hepatitis. MELD may be used in selection of patients for surgery other than liver transplantation and in determining optimal treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who are not candidates for liver transplantation. Despite the many advantages of the MELD score, there are approximately 15%-20% of patients whose survival cannot be accurately predicted by the MELD score. It is possible that the addition of variables that are better determinants of liver and renal function may improve the predictive accuracy of the model. Efforts at further refinement and validation of the MELD score will continue. (Hepatology 2007;45:797–805.)
THE FALLACY OF ANTITOXIN TREATMENT AS A CURE FOR DIPHTHERIA.
Authors: ELMER LEE
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Early in my medical career, and at the time that Pasteur declared he had discovered a certain remedy for hydrophobia, it seemed a pity to me that the profound effort could not have been directed to the cure of diphtheria. Hydrophobia is such a rare disease, occurring not oftener than one to the million per annum, whereas diphtheria is universally prevalent, is the reason why regret was felt at the time of his publication. What it was hoped he might have done, is alleged to have been done by other investigators. Pasteur claimed in 1884, that a product made from the culture of the brain of an animal which had been inoculated with the disease of hydrophobia, was able, when injected beneath the skin of the human being, to cure rabies. This prophetic utterance emanated from a man who seemed to me, during this period of medical adolescence, to be
HPV16 Tumor Associated Macrophages Suppress Antitumor T Cell Responses
Authors: Ana Paula Lepique, Katia Regina Perez Daghastanli, Iolanda Midea Cuccovia, Luisa Lina Villa
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main etiologic factor for cervical cancer. The severity of HPV-associated cervical lesions has been correlated to the number of infiltrating macrophages. The objective of this work is to characterize the role of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) on the immune cellular response against the tumor.We used the HPV16 E6- and E7-expressing TC-1 mouse tumor model to study the effect of TAM on T-cell function in vitro, and depleted TAM, using clodronate-containing liposomes, to characterize its role in vivo.TAM, characterized by the positive expression of CD45, F4/80, and CD11b, formed the major population of infiltrating tumor cells. TAM displayed high basal Arginase I activity, producing interleukin-10 (IL-10); they were resistant to iNOSII activity induction, therefore reversion to M1 phenotype, when stimulated in vitro with lipopolysaccharide/IFNgamma, indicating an M2 phentoype. In cultures of isolated TAM, TAM induced regulatory phenotype, characterized by IL-10 and Foxp3 expression, and inhibited proliferation of CD8 lymphocytes. In vivo, depletion of TAM inhibited tumor growth and stimulated the infiltration of tumors by HPV16 E7(49-57)-specific CD8 lymphocytes, whereas depletion of Gr1(+) tumor-associated cells had no effect.M2-like macrophages infiltrate HPV16-associated tumors causing suppression of antitumor T-cell response, thus facilitating tumor growth. Depletion or phenotype alteration of this population should be considered in immunotherapy strategies.
Association of Maternal Weight Gain in Pregnancy With Offspring Obesity and Metabolic and Vascular Traits in Childhood
Authors: Abigail Fraser, Kate Tilling, Corrie Macdonald-Wallis, Naveed Sattar, Marie-Jo Brion, Li Benfield, Andy Ness, John Deanfield, Aroon Hingorani, Scott M. Nelson, George Davey Smith, Debbie A. Lawlor
Journal: Circulation (2010)

We sought to examine the association of gestational weight gain (GWG) and prepregnancy weight with offspring adiposity and cardiovascular risk factors.Data from 5154 (for adiposity and blood pressure) and 3457 (for blood assays) mother-offspring pairs from a UK prospective pregnancy cohort were used. Random-effects multilevel models were used to assess incremental GWG (median and range of repeat weight measures per woman: 10 [1, 17]). Women who exceeded the 2009 Institute of Medicine-recommended GWG were more likely to have offspring with greater body mass index, waist, fat mass, leptin, systolic blood pressure, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 levels and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A1 levels. Children of women who gained less than the recommended amounts had lower levels of adiposity, but other cardiovascular risk factors tended to be similar in this group to those of offspring of women gaining recommended amounts. When examined in more detail, greater prepregnancy weight was associated with greater offspring adiposity and more adverse cardiovascular risk factors at age 9 years. GWG in early pregnancy (0 to 14 weeks) was positively associated with offspring adiposity across the entire distribution but strengthened in women gaining >500 g/wk. By contrast, between 14 and 36 weeks, GWG was only associated with offspring adiposity in women gaining >500 g/wk. GWG between 14 and 36 weeks was positively and linearly associated with adverse lipid and inflammatory profiles, with these associations largely mediated by the associations with offspring adiposity.Greater maternal prepregnancy weight and GWG up to 36 weeks of gestation are associated with greater offspring adiposity and adverse cardiovascular risk factors. Before any GWG recommendations are implemented, the balance of risks and benefits of attempts to control GWG for short- and long-term outcomes in mother and child should be ascertained.
Confirmation of uterotrophic activity of 3-(4-methylbenzylidine)camphor in the immature rat.
Authors: Helen Tinwell, Paul A Lefevre, Graeme J Moffat, A Burns, Jenny Odum, T D Spurway, George Orphanides, John Ashby
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

In this study we found that the ultraviolet sunscreen component 3-(4-methylbenzylidine)camphor (4MBC) is uterotrophic in immature rats when administered by either subcutaneous injection or oral gavage. These data confirm earlier reports of uterotrophic activity for this agent when administered to immature rats in the diet or by whole-body immersion; however, they are in contrast to negative unpublished immature rat uterotrophic assay results. Data also indicate that 4MBC binds to isolated rat uterine estrogen receptors and shows activity in a human estrogen receptor yeast transactivation assay; however, we considered both of these effects equivocal. In this study, we confirmed the original observation that 4MBC was active as a mitogen to MCF-7 breast cancer cells. We evaluated and discounted the possibility that the estrogenic activity of 4MBC is related to its bulky camphor group, which is of similar molecular dimensions to that of the weak estrogen kepone. Uncertainty remains regarding the mechanism of the uterotrophic activity of 4MBC.
Diabetes care needs to focus more on ethnic inequalities, say experts
Authors: P. Dinsdale
Journal: BMJ (2008)

More needs to be done to reduce inequalities in diabetes care among ethnic groups, say experts, after the government published a five year progress report on its national strategy for the disease.

The report examines how well the NHS is performing against a range of standards set out in 2003 in the national service framework delivery strategy and pinpoints areas for improvement during the second half of the government’s 10 year strategy.

Good progress has been made, it says, with more people being given a diagnosis earlier in the course of the disease. Around 2000 diagnoses have been …
The Clinical Diagnosis, Classification and Histogenetic Concepts of the Early Stages of Cutaneous Malignant Melanomas
Authors: Martin C. Mihm, Wallace H. Clark, Lynn From
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

RECENT data indicate that cutaneous malignant melanomas occur in distinct clinicopathological forms1 2 3 that have been designated as follows: lentigo-maligna melanoma (circumscribed precancerous melanosis of Dubreuilh with malignant melanoma, or Hutchinson's melanotic freckle with malignant melanoma); superficial spreading melanoma (precancerous melanosis, or "pagetoid" melanoma —MeGovern); and nodular melanoma (polypoid melanoma). Each of these kinds of malignant melanoma has a characteristic history of clinical evolution, a distinctive gross appearance (Fig. 1), and distinguishable light-microscope and fine-structure features, which are described below. Survival data for each kind of melanoma in relation to histologic depth of invasion are also discussed.Types of Malignant Melanoma . . .
THE IMPACT OF GENETIC VARIABILITY OF FIBRINOGEN A-CHAIN GENE DEFINES FIBRINOGEN LEVELS BETWEEN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS AND PATIENTS WITH DOCUMENTED ATHEROSCLEROSIS: EFFECTS ON PROTHROMBOTIC PROFILE
Authors: Nikos Papageorgiou, Dimitris Tousoulis, George Hatzis, Antigoni Miliou, Charalambos Antoniades, Anastasios Giolis, Maria Kozanitou, Alexandros Briasoulis, Alexios Antonopoulos, Eirini Bosinakou, Christodoulos Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Pulmonary fibrosis: thinking outside of the lung
Authors: Stavros Garantziotis, Mark P. Steele, David A. Schwartz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating condition that leads to progressive lung destruction and scarring. Previous mechanistic research has focused on the local fibroproliferative process in the lung. However, emerging evidence suggests that circulating cells of hematopoietic origin play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of this disease .
A randomized study comparing lamivudine monotherapy after a short course of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIg) and lamivudine with long-term lamivudine plus HBIg in the prevention of hepatitis B virus recurrence after liver transplantation
Authors: Marı́a Buti, Antoni Mas, Martı́n Prieto, Fernando Casafont, Antonio González, Manuel Miras, Jose-Ignacio Herrero, Rossendo Jardı́, Eva Cruz de Castro, César Garcı́a-Rey
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
P1-06-21: Relationship between Body Mass Index and Preoperative Treatment Response to Aromatase Inhibitor Exemestane in Postmenopausal Patients with Primary Breast Cancer.
Authors: M Takada, S Saji, N Masuda, K Kuroi, N Sato, H Takei, Y Yamamoto, S Ohno, H Yamashita, K Hisamatsu, K Aogi, H Iwata, T Ueno, H Sasano, M Toi
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Some studies have shown that high body mass index (BMI) is associated with inferior outcome after adjuvant therapy with non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor, anastrozole in breast cancer patients. We aimed to investigate predictive effect of BMI on clinical response to neoadjuvant therapy with steroidal aromatase inhibitor, exemestane in postmenopausal patients with primary breast cancer. Patients and methods: The study group consisted of 109 patients from the JFMC 34-0601 neoadjuvant endocrine therapy trial in which postmenopausal patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive primary breast cancer were administered exemestane (25 mg/day) for 24 weeks before surgery. Patients were categorized into three groups according to BMI: low (BMI &amp;lt; 22 kg/m2), intermediate (22 ≤ BMI &amp;lt; 25 kg/m2) and high (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). Statistical analyses were performed to explore the predictive effect of BMI on clinical response using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Higher BMI correlated with positive progesterone receptor status (p &amp;lt; 0.01) and low Ki-67 index (p = 0.03). Objective response rates (ORR) were 21.7% in low BMI, 56.0% in intermediate BMI and 60.6% in high BMI, respectively (p = 0.01). In a multivariate analysis, only low BMI was an independent negative predictor of clinical response. Conclusion: Low BMI was associated with a decreased ORR to neoadjuvant endocrine therapy with exemestane. Our results may suggest that the predictive effect of BMI varies according to the type of aromatase inhibitor and objective outcome. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-06-21.
Reduced risk of hospital admission for childhood asthma among Scottish twins: record linkage study
Authors: D. P Strachan
Journal: BMJ (2000)

A recent study of Swedish army conscripts found a reduced prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis among twins.1 We analysed routine data on hospital admissions in Scotland to compare risks of asthma and other respiratory complaints among twins and singletons.

We identified all twins born in Scotland during 1981–4 from computerised maternity records. Subsequent admissions of twins to Scottish hospitals during 1981–94 were ascertained by probability matching on the basis of date of birth, sex, and surname. This matching is considered 99% accurate for singletons, but for twins it is reliable only at the level of the pair: which twin is admitted cannot be identified with certainty.

We identified hospital admissions for respiratory disease (ICD-9 (international classification of diseases, 9th revision) codes 464, 466, 480-486, and 490-496) for all Scottish children born during …
Trichinosis with Myocarditis
Authors: Laurence F. Segar, Harry A. Kashtan, Perry B. Miller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

THE mortality in trichinosis, as listed by Gould,1 is about 5 or 6 per cent. The chief danger and most frequent complication is myocarditis, most deaths resulting from the development of congestive heart failure and bronchopneumonia.1 The use of ACTH and cortisone in the treatment of trichinosis, as first described independently by Davis and Most,2 by Rothenberg3 and by Luongo et al.,4 offers hope that the acute phase of the disease may be modified and the mortality lowered. To date, 6 cases of trichinosis treated with ACTH and 3 cases treated with cortisone have been reported in the American medical . . .
The Man Who Didn't Know He Had Cancer
Authors: Adria Burrows
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Costs and Outcomes for Different Primary Care Providers
Authors: Diana Dryer Wright, Robert L. Kane, George F. Snell, F. Ross Woolley
Journal: JAMA (1977)

This study examined the relationship between levels of medical training and direct costs for 1,700 episodes of acute illness treated in ambulatory-care clinics. Faculty, family practice residents, and physician assistants were included as the providers. Total cost and four component costs were examined. An outcome was defined as good if the patient returned to his usual level of functioning after an acute illness episode. Average total cost per episode was not related to type of provider, but there were significant (<i>P</i>&lt;.05) differences among providers in laboratory and medication costs. Faculty and physician assistants produced higher costs, especially for patients who experienced bad outcomes. Both costs and percentage of good outcomes achieved were similar in first-, second-, and third-year residents. (<i>JAMA</i>238:46-50, 1977)
Benign Ulcer in the Cancerous Stomach
Authors: Eddy D. Palmer
Journal: JAMA (1974)

THE HISTORY of gastrology is shot through with uncertainties over the interrelationships of the benign and malignant diseases of the stomach. Most of the scriptive emphasis, of course, has centered on the difficulty of differentiating the benign ulcer from the malignant, a problem that will no doubt continue to plague the clinician as long as there are stomach diseases. Because occasional apparent diagnostic errors could not be explained in any other fashion, it was proposed long ago that some benign ulcers in time become malignant. Both pathologist and observant clinician have objected to this concept, and it is now thought that benign gastric ulcers never (or almost never) become malignant. A few observations have suggested another possible progression, the conversion of a gastric carcinoma to a benign crater through sloughing of the malignant portion. An association of malignant and benign that is more clear-cut concerns development of carcinoma in the
Outcome of long stay psychiatric patients resettled in the community: prospective cohort study
Authors: N. Trieman, J. Leff, G. Glover
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Objective: To examine the outcome of a population of long stay psychiatric patients resettled in the community. Design: Prospective study with 5 year follow up. Setting: Over 140 residential settings in north London. Subjects: 670 long stay patients from two London hospitals (Friern and Claybury) discharged to the community from 1985 to 1993. Main outcome measures: Continuity and quality of residential care, readmission to hospital, mortality, crime, and vagrancy. Results: Of the 523 patients who survived the 5 year follow up period, 469 (89.6%) were living in the community by the end of follow up, 310 (59.2%) in their original community placement. A third (210) of all patients were readmitted at least once. Crime and homelessness presented few problems. Standardised mortality ratios for the group were comparable with those reported for similar populations. Conclusions: When carefully planned and adequately resourced, community care for long stay psychiatric patients is beneficial to most individuals and has minimal detrimental effects on society. #### Key messages
Upregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor 4 in oral leukoplakia
Authors: Hiroshi Kobayashi, Kenichi Kumagai, Akito Gotoh, Takanori Eguchi, Hiroyuki Yamada, Yoshiki Hamada, Satsuki Suzuki, Ryuji Suzuki
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2013)

In the present study, we investigate the expression profile of the epidermal growth factor receptor family, which comprises EGFR/ErbB1, HER2/ErbB2, HER3/ErbB3 and HER4/ErbB4 in oral leukoplakia (LP). The expression of four epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family genes and their ligands were measured in LP tissues from 14 patients and compared with levels in 10 patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and normal oral mucosa (NOM) from 14 healthy donors by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Synchronous mRNA coexpression of ErbB1, ErbB2, ErbB3 and ErbB4 was detected in LP lesions. Out of the receptors, only ErbB4 mRNA and protein was more highly expressed in LP compared with NOM tissues. These were strongly expressed by epithelial keratinocytes in LP lesions, as shown by immunohistochemistry. Regarding the ligands, the mRNA of Neuregulin2 and 4 were more highly expressed in OLP compared with NOM tissues. Therefore, enhanced ErbB4 on the keratinocytes and synchronous modulation of EGFR family genes may contribute to the pathogenesis and carcinogenesis of LP.