tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial esophageal neoplasms: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yoshiki Tsujii, Tsutomu Nishida, Osamu Nishiyama, Katsumi Yamamoto, Naoki Kawai, Shinjiro Yamaguchi, Takuya Yamada, Toshiyuki Yoshio, Shinji Kitamura, Takeshi Nakamura, Akihiro Nishihara, Hideharu Ogiyama, Masanori Nakahara, Masato Komori, Motohiko Kato, Yoshito Hayashi, Shinichiro Shinzaki, Hideki Iijima, Tomoki Michida, Masahiko Tsujii, Tetsuo Takehara
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> The safety and efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for superficial esophageal neoplasms (SENs) have not been evaluated in a multicenter survey. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical outcomes in a multicenter study that included municipal hospitals. <b>Patients and methods:</b> Of 312 consecutive patients with 373 esophageal lesions treated by ESD at 11 hospitals from May 2005 to December 2012, a total of 368 SENs in 307 patients were retrospectively analyzed. <b>Results: </b>The median tumor size was 18 mm (range 2 – 85 mm). The median procedure time was 90 minutes (range 12 – 450 minutes). The en bloc resection and complete resection rates were 96.7 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 94.4 % – 98.1 %) and 84.5 % (95 %CI 80.5 % – 87.8 %), respectively. Perforation (including mediastinal emphysema), postoperative pneumonia, bleeding, and esophageal stricture, occurred in 5.2 % (95 %CI 3.3 % – 7.9 %), 1.6 % (95 %CI 0.7 % – 3.5 %), 0 %, and 7.1 % (95 %CI 4.9 % – 10.2 %) of patients, respectively. All of these complications were cured conservatively. No procedure-related mortality occurred. Early treatment periods (odds ratio [OR] = 4.04; <i>P</i> < 0.01) and low volume institutions (OR = 3.03; <i>P </i> = 0.045) were significantly independent risk factors for perforation. The circumference of the lesion was significantly associated with postoperative stricture (OR = 32.3; <i>P</i> < 0.01). The procedure times significantly decreased in the later period of the study (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Follow-up data (median 35 months; range 4 – 98 months) showed significant differences in overall survival (<i>P</i> = 0.03) and recurrence-free survival (<i>P</i> < 0.01) rates between patients with curative and noncurative resections. <b>Conclusions: </b>Esophageal ESD has become feasible with acceptable complication risks and favorable long term outcomes.
Torula Histolytica of Central Nervous System
Authors: F. R. Magarey, P. H. Denton
Journal: BMJ (1948)

THE LIVER IN INFECTIVE HEPATITISBRITISIL the blood in infective hepatitis appears to be secondary to the disease process.The higher incidence of infective hepatitis among officers compared with men cannot be explained on the basis of avitaminosis.It is due to the greater incidence of "jaundice-precipitating factors" among them as already discussed in the previous paper. Summary and ConclusionsThe liver changes observed in fatal cases of infective hepatitis are described in detail.The sequence of these changes is traced from acute necrosis to portal cirrhosis.If death occurs within a fortnight the findings are those of acute necrosis.After a fortnight fibrous-tissue formation becomes apparent, especially at the portal tracts.The pattern is that of portal cirrhosis.In three months' time portal cirrhosis is obvious.In eighteen months the picture is that of portal cirrhosis, both macro- scopically and microscopically.Jaundice waxes and wanes according to the intensity of inflammation of the liver cells.This sequence occurs in less than 1 % of cases.In the remaining cases the liver appears to recover ultimately.Homologous serum jaundice is not a separate entity.The difference between apparent and real incubation periods is pointed out.My thanks are due to Colonel Chandra, Colonel Lambert, Lieutenant-Colonel Daukes,
Atypical patterns of retrograde conduction over accessory atrioventricular pathways in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
Authors: G J Klein, E N Prystowsky, E L Pritchett, D Davis, J J Gallagher
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Patterns of ventriculoatrial conduction have been used to distinguish retrograde conduction over an accessory atrioventricular pathway from that over the normal atrioventricular conduction system. Ventriculoatrial conduction at a constant interval during incremental ventricular pacing and during progressive prematurity of ventricular extrastimuli has been considered characteristic of conduction over an accessory pathway. We describe three patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome who had progressive or sudden increments in ventriculoatrial conduction over an accessory pathway during fixed-rate ventricular pacing or during introduction of ventricular extrastimuli. Such properties have been considered characteristic of conduction over the normal atrioventricular conduction system. We conclude that retrograde conduction over accessory pathways may resemble conduction over the normal atrioventricular conduction system.
Structural and Dynamic Bases of Hand Surgery
Authors: John G. Kuhns
Journal: JAMA (1969)

As is mentioned by the author in his preface, the surgical reconstruction of a functional hand demands profound knowledge of the intricate structures and subtle mechanisms as well as the application of the basic concepts of biomechanics. The dissections which are presented by line drawings were carried out at the Finchetto School of Surgery. The book describes these drawings and gives sketches which illustrate the faulty balance of forces which contribute greatly to the development of deformities. The author has drawn from dissection his concept of the faculty relationship of forces. From this and from his wide experience he is able to illustrate in detail his methods of treatment. The deformities seen in claw hand as well as the common deformities shown in the spastic and arthritic hands are carefully described. In their reconstruction and repair the author first describes the faulty muscular balance. Then he describes the method that
Scavenging Free Radicals by Low-Dose Carvedilol Prevents Redox-Dependent Ca2+Leak Via Stabilization of Ryanodine Receptor in Heart Failure
Authors: Mamoru Mochizuki, Masafumi Yano, Tetsuro Oda, Hiroki Tateishi, Shigeki Kobayashi, Takeshi Yamamoto, Yasuhiro Ikeda, Tomoko Ohkusa, Noriaki Ikemoto, Masunori Matsuzaki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
The use of α-conotoxin ImI to actualize the targeted delivery of paclitaxel micelles to α7 nAChR-overexpressing breast cancer
Authors: Dong Mei, Zhiqiang Lin, Jijun Fu, Bing He, Wei Gao, Ling Ma, Wenbing Dai, Hua Zhang, Xueqing Wang, Jiancheng Wang, Xuan Zhang, Wanliang Lu, Demin Zhou, Qiang Zhang
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Introduction of the Discussion on ‘Essential Hypertension’
Authors: J. Bastiaans
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1970)

Essential hypertension may be the result of an exaggerated use in time and intensity of the same mechanisms which 'physiologically' produce a temporary rise in the blood pressure in certain conflict situations. This exaggerated use may be based on a character core which can be described as 'hysteria in statu nascendi'. This is usually found at the bottom of psychosomatic character formation. Patients suffering from hypertension suppress the instinctual tendency to exaggerate the use of their normal alarm signals, but in doing so they exaggerate the normal use of preferred defence mechanisms. Psychosomatic defence strategy is considered to be more mature than hysterical defence strategy.
Mouse lactoferrin gene: a marker for estrogen and epidermal growth factor.
Authors: C Teng
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Lactoferrin mRNA in the 21-day-old mouse uterus can be increased several hundredfold by estrogen. The physiological role of lactoferrin in mouse uterus is unclear; however, it can be a useful marker for the estrogen action in the uterus. The structural organization and the chromosome location of the lactoferrin gene are similar to members of the transferrin gene family. At the 5' flanking region of the lactoferrin gene, we have characterized two modules that respond to estrogen and growth factor stimulation. Each module is composed of either overlapping or multiple transcription factor-binding elements. The well-characterized estrogen and growth factor response modules in the mouse lactoferrin gene could serve as the foundation to understand the intricate molecular mechanisms of estrogen action and its relationship to growth factors.
Treatment of Streptomycin-Susceptible and Streptomycin-Resistant Enterococcal Endocarditis
Authors: WALTER R. WILSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Fifty-six patients with enterococcal endocarditis received 4 weeks of antimicrobial therapy with penicillin G and streptomycin (36 patients) or, if infections were streptomycin resistant, penicillin and gentamicin (20 patients). Compared with patients who had symptoms for less than 3 months, patients with symptoms for more than 3 months had a higher relapse rate (0% versus 44%; p less than 0.001) and mortality (2.5% versus 25%; p less than 0.001). Patients with mitral valve endocarditis had a significantly higher relapse rate (25%) than patients with aortic valve infections (0%) (p less than 0.01). Gentamicin-associated nephrotoxicity was more frequent (p less than 0.001) among patients treated with greater than 3 mg/kg d of gentamicin than among those treated with 3 mg or less (100% versus 20%). Relapse and mortality rates did not differ significantly between patients treated with low-dose or high-dose gentamicin regimens. Patients who have had symptoms of enterococcal endocarditis for more than 3 months or patients with mitral valve infection should receive at least 6 weeks of antimicrobial therapy, but patients without these high-risk factors can be treated for 4 weeks.
NOSE DROP CONTAMINATION IN DROPPER BOTTLES
Authors: JOHN L. GOMPERTZ
Journal: JAMA (1942)

What lurks in dropper bottles besides nose drops has long been a subject of discussion. By "dropper bottle" is meant the standard type of dropper attached, screw capped bottle wherein the dropper hangs submerged in the solution. The patient purchases a dropper bottle of solution of one of the common vasoconstrictors, treats his cold, then puts the bottle away in the family medicine cabinet. It is brought out thereafter when any member of the household has a stuffy nose. The dropper is inserted into the offending nostrils and is then put back into the bottle. Usually the dropper has been inserted well into the nostrils; therefore the questions arise of nose drops being a possible source of transmission of infection from one member of the family to another and of a future "cold" being complicated by the use of nose drops contaminated from a previous "cold." Most persons would not
Immediate-early gene induction and MAP kinase activation during recovery from metabolic inhibition in cultured cardiac myocytes.
Authors: A Yao, T Takahashi, T Aoyagi, K Kinugawa, O Kohmoto, S Sugiura, T Serizawa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

To investigate how cardiac myocytes recover from a brief period of ischemia, we used a metabolic inhibition (MI) model, one of the in vitro ischemic models, of chick embryo ventricular myocytes, and examined the induction of immediate-early (IE) genes mRNAs and the activity of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. We performed Northern blot analysis to study the expression of c-jun, c-fos, and c-myc mRNAs during MI using 1 mM NaCN and 20 mM 2-deoxy-d-glucose, and also during the recovery from MI of 30 min. The c-fos mRNA was induced transiently at 30 and 60 min during the recovery. The expression of c-jun mRNA was significantly augmented at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min during the recovery (3.0-, 4.7-, 2.4-, and 1.9-fold induction, respectively) and so did the expression of c-myc mRNA (1.4-, 1.7-, 1.8-, and 2.0-fold induction, respectively). In contrast, the levels of these mRNAs remained unchanged during MI. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that AP-1 DNA binding activity markedly increased at 120 min during the recovery. When the cells were pretreated with protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors, 100 microM H-7 or 1 microM staurosporine, the induction of c-jun mRNA at 60 min during the recovery was markedly suppressed (95 or 82% reduction, respectively). The c-jun induction was partially inhibited when the cells were treated with 2 mM EGTA during MI and the recovery (42% reduction). MAP kinase activity quantified with in-gel kinase assay was unchanged during MI, but significantly increased at 5, 10, and 15 min during the recovery (3.0-, 4.1-, and 3.4-fold increase, respectively). S6 kinase activity was also augmented significantly at 15 min during the recovery. Thus, these data suggest that IE genes as well as MAP kinase may play roles in the recovery process of cardiac myocytes from MI, and that the augmentation of c-jun expression needs the activation of PKC and to some extent, [Ca2+]i.
Peripheral tachykinins and the neurokinin receptor NK1 are required for platelet thrombus formation
Authors: Sarah Jones, Katherine L. Tucker, Tanya Sage, William J. Kaiser, Natasha E. Barrett, Philip J. Lowry, Andreas Zimmer, Stephen P. Hunt, Michael Emerson, Jonathan M. Gibbins
Journal: Blood (2007)

Platelets play an important role in hemostasis, with inappropriate platelet activation being a major contributor to debilitating and often fatal thrombosis by causing myocardial infarction and stroke. Although current antithrombotic treatment is generally well tolerated and effective, many patients still experience cardiovascular problems, which may reflect the existence of alternative underlying regulatory mechanisms in platelets to those targeted by existing drugs. In this study, we define a role for peripherally distributed members of the tachykinin family of peptides, namely substance P and the newly discovered endokinins A and B that are present in platelets, in the activation of platelet function and thrombus formation. We have reported previously that the preferred pharmacologically characterized receptor for these peptides, the NK1 receptor, is present on platelets. Inhibition or deficiency of the NK1 receptor, or SP agonist activity, resulted in substantially reduced thrombus formation in vitro under arterial flow conditions, increased bleeding time in mice, and a decrease in experimentally induced thromboembolism. Inhibition of the NK1 receptor may therefore provide benefit in patients vulnerable to thrombosis and may offer an alternative therapeutic target.
V-Q SPECT in Prone Position Is a Suitable Way to Improve Irradiation of Inoperable Lung Cancer
Authors: F Courbon, O Caselles, P Fran??ois, A Boneu, D McNamara, J M. Bachaud
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

This study concerns patients with inoperable (respiratory failure), stage I or II, lung cancers. It aims to establish a reliable procedure for ventilation–perfusion (V-Q) SPECT-CT study and to estimate its impact on treatment planning. Fifteen patients underwent V-Q SPECT and CT studies in the prone position in an expendable foam immobilization device (EFID). This position was well tolerated even for patients requiring part-time oxygen supply. SPECT data induced a modification of radiotherapy planning in all patients. The V-Q SPECT-CT study in the prone position is safe, accurate and useful for irradiation treatment planning.
Cancer-testis antigen expression and immunogenicity in AL amyloidosis
Authors: M A Rosenzweig, H Landau, D Seldin, C O'Hara, S Girnius, N Hanson, D Frosina, C Sedrak, M Arcila, R L Comenzo, S Giralt, S Gnjatic, A A Jungbluth, G Koehne
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2012)

Light-chain amyloidosis (AL) is a plasma cell dyscrasia closely related to multiple myeloma. In multiple myeloma, the cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) CT7 (MAGE-C1), CT10 (MAGE-C2) and MAGE-A CTAs are expressed in up to 80% of cases. In this study, we investigated the expression and immunogenicity of several CTAs in patients with AL amyloidosis in a total of 38 bone marrow specimens by employing standard immunohistochemistry techniques on paraffin-embedded archival tissues. Plasma samples from 35 patients (27 with matched bone marrow samples) were also analyzed by ELISA for sero reactivity to a group of full-length CTA proteins. CT7 was present in 25/38 (66%) while CT10 was demonstrated in 3/38 and GAGE in 1/38 AL amyloid cases. The expression pattern was mostly focal. There were no significant differences with regard to organ involvement, response to treatment, or prognosis in CTA positive compared to negative cases. None of the specimens showed spontaneous humoral immunity to CT7, but sero reactivity was observed in individual patients to other CTAs. This study identifies CT7 as the prevalent CTA in plasma cells of patients with AL amyloidosis. Further analyses determining the biology of CTAs in AL amyloidosis and their value as potential targets for immunotherapy are warranted.
Prediction of response to therapy with ezatiostat in lower risk myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Naomi Galili, Pablo Tamayo, Olga B Botvinnik, Jill P Mesirov, Margarita R Brooks, Gail Brown, Azra Raza
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2012)

Approximately 70% of all patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) present with lower-risk disease. Some of these patients will initially respond to treatment with growth factors to improve anemia but will eventually cease to respond, while others will be resistant to growth factor therapy. Eventually, all lower-risk MDS patients require multiple transfusions and long-term therapy. While some patients may respond briefly to hypomethylating agents or lenalidomide, the majority will not, and new therapeutic options are needed for these lower-risk patients. Our previous clinical trials with ezatiostat (ezatiostat hydrochloride, Telentra®, TLK199), a glutathione S-transferase P1-1 inhibitor in clinical development for the treatment of low- to intermediate-risk MDS, have shown significant clinical activity, including multilineage responses as well as durable red-blood-cell transfusion independence. It would be of significant clinical benefit to be able to identify patients most likely to respond to ezatiostat before therapy is initiated. We have previously shown that by using gene expression profiling and grouping by response, it is possible to construct a predictive score that indicates the likelihood that patients without deletion 5q will respond to lenalidomide. The success of that study was based in part on the fact that the profile for response was linked to the biology of the disease.RNA was available on 30 patients enrolled in the trial and analyzed for gene expression on the Illumina HT12v4 whole genome array according to the manufacturer's protocol. Gene marker analysis was performed. The selection of genes associated with the responders (R) vs. non-responders (NR) phenotype was obtained using a normalized and rescaled mutual information score (NMI).We have shown that an ezatiostat response profile contains two miRNAs that regulate expression of genes known to be implicated in MDS disease pathology. Remarkably, pathway analysis of the response profile revealed that the genes comprising the jun-N-terminal kinase/c-Jun molecular pathway, which is known to be activated by ezatiostat, are under-expressed in patients who respond and over-expressed in patients who were non-responders to the drug, suggesting that both the biology of the disease and the molecular mechanism of action of the drug are positively correlated.
The Administration of Supplementary Oxygen to Prevent Hypoxia During Upper Alimentary Endoscopy
Authors: R. Block, J. Jankowski, D. Johnston, J. R. Colvin, K. G. Wormsley
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

A prospective, randomized, controlled trial was conducted in 200 consecutive patients undergoing endoscopy of the upper alimentary tract. One hundred patients received supplementary oxygen at 4 liters/minute through nasal cannulae, while 100 patients received no additional oxygen. Within each of these two groups, 50 patients were sedated with midazolam and 50 patients with diazepam suspension (“Diazemuls”). The patients' weights were recorded and correlated with their height to assess whether they were over or under their ideal weight. Oxygen saturation was recorded at baseline and throughout the endoscopic procedure.
Impaired Antibody Responses to Pneumococcal Polysaccharide in Elderly Patients with Low Serum Vitamin B_12 Levels
Authors: Farid T. Fata
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Objective: To determine whether immunocompetent elderly patients with low serum vitamin B12 levels have impaired serum antibody responses to the 23-polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Design: Controlled, prospective cohort study. Measurements: 15 patients with low serum vitamin B12 levels and 15 age- and diagnosis-matched patients with normal levels were vaccinated. Serum antibody titers to 12 pneumococcal serotypes were measured by radioimmunoassay before and 4 weeks after vaccination. Results: The difference between the geometric mean of the vaccine antibody titers before and after vaccination for all 12 serotypes was lower (P = 0.005) in the patients with low vitamin B12 levels than in the patients with normal levels. When mean corpuscular volume and age were controlled for, vitamin B12 remained an independent predictor of antibody response (P = 0.005). Erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume was also an independent predictor of the increase in titer (P = 0.03). Conclusions: Patients with low vitamin B12 levels had impaired antibody responses to pneumococcal vaccine. Further study is necessary to determine whether treatment with vitamin B12 can enhance specific immunoglobulin synthesis and improve the clinical efficacy of the pneumococcal vaccine in patients with low vitamin B12 levels.
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Circadian Rhythm-Reply
Authors: Marian Willinger
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —There are many observations to be considered in developing testable hypotheses regarding the pathogenesis of SIDS and in developing effective interventions. As far as circadian rhythmicity is concerned, SIDS infants have been shown to have decreased melatonin in body fluids compared with control infants.<sup>1</sup>Patterns of sleep states and wakefulness across the night are also different for SIDS infants compared with control infants.<sup>1</sup>The SIDS infants have more periods of wakefulness in the hours between 7 and 11 PM and less periods of wakefulness between 3 and 7 AM. More rapid eye movement sleep and quiet sleep have also been observed in SIDS infants between 3 and 7 AM compared with controls. In addition to the surges of hormonal and immune factors listed by Dr Wehrmacher, arousal, sleep state, and thermoregulation of the infant are under circadian control. It remains to be determined how all these factors
ETHER-AIR ANESTHESIA OR THE DROP METHOD FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF ETHER.FROM AN EXPERIENCE OF SIX HUNDRED AND FIFTY CASES.
Authors: MYRON METZENBAUM
Journal: JAMA (1906)

In the United States ether is generally the anesthetic of election, and in this country, at least, its administration is conceded to be attended with less danger than that of chloroform. The universal method for the administration of ether is by means of the Allis or similar cone, and a universal principle governing its administration is that it should be given with the least possible amount of air. From the manner in which ether is generally administered by the cone, except when given by a skilled anesthetist, there is produced, besides the anesthetic effect, one of partial asphyxiation. To exclude all fresh air by using a closed cone and wrapping a towel around the chin and the cone, to prevent the escape of the inhaled vapors and to force the re-inhalation of these vapors without admitting any fresh air, is to produce a partial asphyxiation. Ordinarily the ether is poured