tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Suppurative Arthritis Complicating Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: J. H. Kellgren, J. Ball, R. W. Fairbrother, K. L. Barnes
Journal: BMJ (1958)

In recent years we have observed 12 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who developed severe and sometimes fatal bacterial infection in connective-tissue structures.In nine cases this was mainly a suppurative arthritis, which was often polyarticular; in two cases the infection was mainly in the bones; and in the remaining case there were multiple subcutaneous and muscular abscesses.This complication of rheumatoid arthritis is therefore not uncommon, and since it presents some dia- gnostic and therapeutic problems and is a grave threat to life it seemed desirable to report our experience with these patients in some detail, especially as we have been unable to find any previous report of a similar series.Coste et al. (1957), however, reported a case of polyarthritis complicated by two episodes of staphylococcal septicaemia, and Bywaters (1953) mentions the occurrence of staphylococcal arthritis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in discussing two cases of what he calls fistulous rheumatism.In some of our earlier cases the extent of suppuration was revealed only by a systematic examination of the joints at necropsy; but with increasing experience and awareness of the problem we have been able to make a correct diagnosis at an earlier stage and reducemortality by appropriate treatment.In two patients the infecting organism was a coliform bacillus, but in the other ten it was a staphylococcus, and in all but three of these the staphylococcus was resistant to penicillin.The cases are described in chronological order and their main features are summarized in Tables I andII.Case I A retired business man aged 63 was admitted to the in- firmary in July, 1950, for severe progressive rheumatoid arthritis of five years' duration.During the six months before admission he had been constitutionally ill and had lost 20 lb.(9 kg.) in weight, and during the last two weeks he developed an unproductive cough.On admission he was obviously ill, with a fever up to 1010 F. (38.30C.).He had a severe inflammatory erosive arthritis of all the limb joints, some limitation of spinal movement, numerous subcutaneous nodules, lymphadenopathy, and a large left pleural effusion.E.S.R. 106 mm.(Westergren), Hb 12.0 g./100 ml., W.B.C. 9,000, sheep-cell agglutinating titre (S.C.A.T.) 512, serum albumin 3.6 g. / 100 ml., serum globulin 3.5 g./100 ml.The pleural fluid was blood-stained but sterile on culture; bronchoscopy and BRMSH MEDICAL JouRKL4z.
Working memory capacity and the hemispheric organization of the brain
Authors: Gabriele Gratton, Monica Fabiani, Paul M. Corballis
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Different hypotheses about the mechanisms underlying working memory lead to different predictions about working memory capacity when information is distributed across the two hemispheres. We present preliminary data suggesting that memory scanning time (a parameter often associated with working memory capacity) varies depending on how information is subdivided across hemispheres. The data are consistent with a distributed model of working memory.
Clinical Chemotherapy, vol 1: Fundamentals
Authors: Robert C. Hastings
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Apparently this is the first of a series of three volumes dealing with  While subsequent volumes will deal with antimicrobial chemotherapy and antineoplastic chemotherapy, volume 1 is intended to include all the scientific fundamentals that are necessary for clinical chemotherapy. Emphasis on the fundamentals suggests that this volume was designed primarily to cover microbiology and pharmacology with subsequent volumes presumably emphasizing infectious diseases and oncology.  The volume suffers considerably from the common problems with multiauthored texts—differences in writing styles, overlaps, contradictions, and omissions. A number of the 22 chapters are succinct, useful reviews. Chapter 2, for example, is an excellent instructional review of the structure and physiology of bacteria. Much of the same information, however, is repeated in a well-written and useful review of the mechanisms of action of antimicrobial drugs in chapter 5. Chapters 7 and 8, dealing with bacterial resistance, are entirely different in thrust, consisting of
Convincing the World
Authors: Saul B. Gilson
Journal: JAMA (1965)

ABSTRACT To  Editor:— In your editorial (JAMA192:778 [May 31] 1965) you affirm that the important investigator is  one  convinces  world.Certainly  historian occasionally finds that a sure determination of prior claims of discovery and invention is virtually impossible. Despite this difficulty, one should not erase  innovator from our histories nor transfer our admiration for his achievement to  publicist, if not plagiarist, who convinces   Following your more  approach, Darwin would yield his laurels to Huxley, Auenbrugger to Corvisart, Mendel to DeVries, Correns, Tschernak, and we should rewrite our history.That this pragmatic approach does actually prevail we can see in  present proliferation of  medical press, in which one can detect a myriad of authors rewriting  self-same paper in ingenious permutations and combinations, and all to bring conviction to  world.
Doctors and medical politics
Authors: D. Carnall
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Although membership of the BMA has risen to its highest level ever, and continues to rise, doctors' enthusiasm to join the organisation is not reflected in participation in its work. Likewise, the Royal College of Physicians of London is seeking greater participation from members1 and proposals to reform the way in which its fellows elect the ruling council and the president have been mooted. The president's working party of the General Medical Council is exploring ways to improve the participation of doctors in its elections. Yet the vast majority of doctors take no active part in any of these organisations. Nominations for the BMA's Council are sought in this issue of the Journal (see p 1576) amid increasing concern about the level of participation of doctors in the bodies that govern the profession.

Last year's BMA council elections illustrate the problem: 32 of the elections for the 43 directly elected constituencies were uncontested and two seats were left vacant. Yet the BMA's council is …
Triple Therapy With Aspirin, Prasugrel, and Vitamin K Antagonists in Patients With Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation and an Indication for Oral Anticoagulation
Authors: Nikolaus Sarafoff, Amadea Martischnig, Jill Wealer, Katharina Mayer, Julinda Mehilli, Dirk Sibbing, Adnan Kastrati
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Spleen Cells from Young Donors Eradicate Large Tumors–Letter
Authors: Laszlo Radvanyi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

We have read with great interest the recent study by Schreiber and colleagues ([1][1]) in the May 1, 2012 issue of Clinical Cancer Research . This article elegantly uses a naturally induced tumor (8101 tumor) containing a mutated high MHC-binding epitope (p68) from RNA helicase as a target for
Cemetery at Terlingua
Authors: James E. Kreisle Sr.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Ad Libitum15 March 1998Cemetery at TerlinguaJames E. Kreisle Sr., MDJames E. Kreisle Sr., MDAustin, TX 78703Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-6-199803150-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail And desert ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Austin, TX 78703Corresponding Author: James E. Kreisle Sr., MD, 2509 Schulle Avenue, Austin, TX 78703. Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 March 1998Volume 128, Issue 6Page: 503KeywordsBoneDust ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 March 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Eph Receptors and Ephrins in Cancer: Common Themes and Controversies
Authors: Jin Chen, Guanglei Zhuang, Leslie Frieden, Waldemar Debinski
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Ephrins and Eph receptors are key regulators of physiologic and pathologic processes in development and disease. Expression of Eph receptors is often elevated in many types of malignant tumors, yet their precise role in cancer is not well-understood. The purpose of the first “Eph/Ephrins and
Radiography in women of childbearing ability
Authors: J. Herbetko
Journal: BMJ (1989)

After consultation with their professional body pharmacists were individually canvassed by the director general of health to join the scheme, for which a management plan had been prepared.Specially designed equipment had been produced and was available from the outset.Participating pharmacies order 20 exchange packs at a time, which are delivered in a purpose built cardboard box that doubles as the disposal unit.Each exchange pack consists of a cylindrical plastic container with screw top, ten 3 ml syringes with 26 gauge needles attached, a packet of three condoms with illustrated instruction sheet, and a general information leaflet.Pharmacists charge a service fee for selling the packs.Trhis is less for a customer who returns the
Insulin Response in Relation to Insulin Sensitivity: An Appropriate -Cell Response in Black South African Women: Response to Goedecke et al.
Authors: Barry I. Joffe, Larry A. Distiller
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

Having read the article by Goedecke et al. (1) with interest, a number of discrepancies inherent in their conclusions deserve comment. Many of the initial studies reporting reduced insulin secretion in black South Africans were performed several decades ago (2). Since then, considerable lifestyle changes have occurred in this segment of the …
Rituximab plus liposomal doxorubicin in HIV-infected patients with KSHV-associated multicentric Castleman disease
Authors: Thomas S. Uldrick, Mark N. Polizzotto, Karen Aleman, Kathleen M. Wyvill, Vickie Marshall, Denise Whitby, Victoria Wang, Stefania Pittaluga, Deirdre O’Mahony, Seth M. Steinberg, Richard F. Little, Robert Yarchoan
Journal: Blood (2014)
WHO launches programme to extend treatment of mental and neurological disorders
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The World Health Organization has launched a programme to scale up the treatment of people with mental, neurological, and substance use disorders, especially in poor countries, where more than 75% of people affected receive no treatment or care.

The agency says that rich nations also have substantial gaps in treatment, with up to half the patients affected by these conditions left untreated.

Margaret Chan, director general of WHO, said that the plan “addresses the abysmal lack of care” for patients, especially in …
Prevention of reperfusion injury and microcirculatory failure in macrosteatotic mouse liver by omega-3 fatty acids
Authors: Ashraf Mohammad El‐Badry, Wolfgang Moritz, Claudio Contaldo, Yinghua Tian, Rolf Graf, Pierre‐Alain Clavien
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Macrovesicular hepatic steatosis has a lower tolerance to reperfusion injury than microvesicular steatosis with an abnormally high ratio of omega-6 (n-6): omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). We investigated the influence of PUFAs on microcirculation in steatotic livers and the potential to minimize reperfusion injury in the macrosteatotic liver by normalization of PUFAs. Ob/ob mice were used as a model of macrovesicular hepatic steatosis and C57/Bl6 mice fed a choline-deficient diet for microvesicular steatosis. Steatotic and lean livers were subjected to 45 minutes of ischemia and 3 hours of reperfusion. Hepatic content of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs was determined. Microcirculation was investigated using intravital fluorescence microscopy. A second group of ob/ob mice was supplemented with dietary omega-3 PUFAs and compared with the control diet–fed group. Microcirculation, AST, and Kupffer cell activity were assessed. Macrosteatotic livers had significant microcirculatory dysfunction correlating with high omega-6: omega-3 PUFA ratio. Dietary omega-3 PUFA resulted in normalization of this ratio, reduction of intrahepatic lipids, and decrease in the extent of macrosteatosis. Defective microcirculation was dramatically ameliorated with significant reduction in Kupffer cell activity and protection against hepatocellular injury both before ischemia and after reperfusion. Conclusion: Macrosteatotic livers disclosed an abnormal omega-6: omega-3 PUFA ratio that correlates with a microcirculatory defect that enhanced reperfusion injury. Thus, protective strategies applied during or after ischemia are unlikely to be useful. Preoperative dietary omega-3 PUFAs protect macrosteatotic livers against reperfusion injury and might represent a valuable method to expand the live liver donor pool. (HEPATOLOGY 2007;45:855–863.)
Endogenous Adrenomedullin Protects Against Vascular Response to Injury in Mice
Authors: Junsuke Kawai, Katsuyuki Ando, Akihiro Tojo, Tatsuo Shimosawa, Katsutoshi Takahashi, Maristela Lika Onozato, Masao Yamasaki, Teruhiko Ogita, Takashi Nakaoka, Toshiro Fujita
Journal: Circulation (2004)

In our previous study, adrenomedullin (AM) overexpression could limit the arterial intimal hyperplasia induced by cuff injury in rats. However, it remains to be elucidated whether endogenous AM plays a role against vascular injury.We used the AM knockout mice to investigate the effect of endogenous AM. Compared with wild-type (AM+/+) mice, heterozygous AM knockout (AM+/-) mice had the increased intimal thickening of the cuff-injured femoral artery, concomitantly with lesser AM staining. In AM+/- mice, cuff placement increased both the production of superoxide anions (O2-) measured by coelentarazine chemiluminescence and the immunostaining of p67phox and gp91phox, subunits of NAD(P)H oxidase in the adventitia, associated with the increment of CD45-positive leukocytes, suggesting that the stimulated formation of radical oxygen species accompanied chronic adventitial inflammation. Not only the AM gene transfection but also the treatment of NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor apocynin and membrane-permeable superoxide dismutase mimetic tempol could limit cuff-induced intimal hyperplasia in AM+/- mice, associated with the inhibition of O2- formation in cuff-injured artery.The overproduction of oxidative stress induced by the increased NAD(P)H oxidase activity might be involved in cuff-injured arterial intimal hyperplasia in AM+/- mice. Thus, it is suggested that endogenous AM possesses a protective action against the vascular response to injury, possibly through the inhibition of oxidative stress production.
The Occurrence of Infection after Pulmonary Resection
Authors: Carroll C. Miller, Richard H. Sweet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

AN ANALYSIS has been made of 427 cases of pneumonectomy and lobectomy during the years 1942 through 1947 at the Massachusetts General Hospital, and the results of the use of chemotherapeutic and antibiotic agents have been tabulated, with particular regard to complications caused by infection and to mortality. With few exceptions these complications occurred and were recognized during the postoperative hospitalization period; in several cases late recrudescence or fulmination of symptoms required readmission and further treatment. The latter cases have been included in the present study because the complications were considered to be the direct result of operation and its . . .
PPAR-gamma augments death receptor signaling in hepatocellularcarcinoma
Authors: Hiroshi Okano, Katsuya Shiraki, Hidekazu Inoue, Masatoshi Deguchi, Kazushi Sugimoto, Takahisa Sakai, Shigeru Ohmori, Kazumoto Murata, Takeshi Nakano
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Mechanism of Impaired Water Excretion in the Hypothyroid Rat
Authors: Dimitrios S. Emmanouel, Marshall D. Lindheimer, Adrian I. Katz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

The ability to excrete an oral water load and the renal diluting mechanism were studied in hypothyroid rats and in age-matched euthyroid controls. Hypothyroid animals excreted a significantly smaller fraction of a 50-ml/kg oral water load than controls, demonstrating the same limited ability to excrete free water as thyroid-deficient man. During hypotonic (0.45%) saline infusion, absolute sodium delivery to the diluting segment and free water clearance were markedly lower in hypothyroid rats. However, both fractional distal sodium delivery and fractional free water clearance were similar in hypothyroid and control animals, suggesting that the reduced absolute free water formation in hypothyroid rats was due to decreased net distal delivery. In support of this hypothesis was the observation that fractional distal sodium reabsorption was equal or higher in thyroid-deficient rats, which indicates that the sodium reabsorptive capacity of the diluting segment was preserved in these animals. The results cannot be attributed to incomplete suppression of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) since they were identical in diabetes insipidus rats, nor to different rates of non-ADH-dependent backflux of filtrate since tissue osmolality and solute concentrations in the cortex, medulla, and papilla were similar in hypothyroid and control rats of both Sprague-Dawley and Brattleboro strains. The functional integrity of the diluting segment in hypothyroid rats was further demonstrated in experiments in which distal delivery was increased by contralateral nephrectomy or by administration of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors which decrease proximal sodium reabsorption. In both studies, fractional free water clearance increased markedly reaching levels significantly greater than in euthyroid controls. These results demonstrate that the impaired ability of the hypothyroid rat to excrete a water load is not due to incomplete suppression of ADH or decreased reabsorptive capacity of the diluting segment but results from decreased filtrate delivery to this site secondary to reduced GFR.
Report of a factor VIII inhibitor in a patient with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
Authors: Bruno S. Fang, Michael C. Sneller, Stephen E. Straus, Lawrence Frenkel, Janet K. Dale, Margaret E. Rick
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

The occurrence of factor VIII inhibitors in non-hemophilic patients is a rare event with a potentially lethal outcome. Despite its infrequent occurrence, the association of this inhibitor with multiple autoimmune diseases is well recognized. We report the case of a patient with the recently described autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) who developed an inhibitor to factor VIII. ALPS is a disease characterized by defective lymphocyte apoptosis due to inherited mutations in genes that regulate apoptosis, with the resulting enlargement of lymphoid organs and a variety of autoimmune manifestations. Am. J. Hematol. 64:214–217, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Natural history of autoimmune thyroiditis.
Authors: W M Tunbridge, M Brewis, J M French, D Appleton, T Bird, F Clark, D C Evered, J G Evans, R Hall, P Smith, J Stephenson, E Young
Journal: BMJ (1981)

One hundred and sixty-three asymptomatic people with thyroid antibodies or raised serum thyrotrophin (TSH) concentrations, or both, and 209 age-matched and sex-matched controls without either marker of thyroid disorder were followed up for four years to determine the natural history of autoimmune thyroiditis. Mildly raised TSH concentrations alone and the presence of thyroid antibodies alone did not significantly increase the risk of developing overt hypothyroidism during the four years compared with the controls. Overt hypothyroidism developed at the rate of 5% a year in women who initially had both raised TSH concentrations and thyroid antibodies. Prophylactic treatment with thyroxine may be justified in women found to have both markers of impending thyroid failure. The cost effectiveness of screening the adult population remains to be evaluated.
Fixing the default position in Knobe's competence model
Authors: Joseph Ulatowski, Justus Johnson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract Although we agree with the spirit of Knobe's competence model, our aim in this commentary is to argue that the default position should be made more precise. Our quibble with Knobe's model is that we find it hard to ascribe a coherent view to some experimental subjects if the default position is not clearly defined.
Perioperative systemic chemotherapy in peritoneal carcinomatosis of lymph node positive colorectal cancer treated with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy
Authors: A.M. Kuijpers, A.M. Mehta, H. Boot, M.E. van Leerdam, M. Hauptmann, A.G. Aalbers, V.J. Verwaal
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
The Vascular War
Authors: Peter M. Selzer
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> Implicit in the commentary by Dr Zarins<sup>1</sup>is the impression that vascular surgeons serve as a moderating influence, preventing aggressive and greedy radiologists and cardiologists from performing unindicated percutaneous angioplasty procedures. While in some instances this may occur, I feel that this generalization is unwarranted. Furthermore,in this characterization of vascular surgeons, Dr Zarins ignores the facts that probably the most aggressive marketing of "laser angioplasty" has been by some of his vascular surgical colleagues and that vascular surgeons represent one of the largest markets for the new, unproved laser devices. In many cases, the vascular surgeons are the ones performing percutaneous procedures, with little or no prior training in these techniques. Dr Zarins correctly characterizes the historical close cooperative and mutually beneficial relationship between radiologists and vascular surgeons, which generally serves the best interest of the patients. This assumes both types of physicians respect each
Targeting the Modulation of Neural Circuitry for the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders
Authors: David H Farb, Marcia H Ratner
Journal: Pharmacological Reviews (2014)

Anxiety disorders are a major public health concern. Here, we examine the familiar area of anxiolysis in the context of a systems-level understanding that will hopefully lead to revealing an underlying pharmacological connectome. The introduction of benzodiazepines nearly half a century ago markedly improved the treatment of anxiety disorders. These agents reduce anxiety rapidly by allosterically enhancing the postsynaptic actions of GABA at inhibitory type A GABA receptors but side effects limit their use in chronic anxiety disorders. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors have emerged as an effective first-line alternative treatment of such anxiety disorders. However, many individuals are not responsive and side effects can be limiting. Research into a relatively new class of agents known as neurosteroids has revealed novel modulatory sites and mechanisms of action that are providing insights into the pathophysiology of certain anxiety disorders, potentially bridging the gap between the GABAergic and serotonergic circuits underlying anxiety. However, translating the pharmacological activity of compounds targeted to specific receptor subtypes in rodent models of anxiety to effective therapeutics in human anxiety has not been entirely successful. Since modulating any one of several broad classes of receptor targets can produce anxiolysis, we posit that a systems-level discovery platform combined with an individualized medicine approach based on noninvasive brain imaging would substantially advance the development of more effective therapeutics.