tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Infection and Total Joint Replacement
Authors: Mark G. Lazansky
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Total joint replacement, particularly of the hip, is rapidly becoming one of the more commonly performed orthopaedic surgical procedures. Deep infection, involving the prosthetic devices and their anchoring acrylic cement, is the greatest threat to the success of these operations. We have observed, from our own experience and the reports of others, that a small but substantial proportion of the late postoperative infections, that is, those becoming apparent several months to several years after surgery, can be attributed to hematogenous seeding of the prosthetic joint from distant primary sources of acute or chronic infection. Broadly speaking, two categories seem to be involved: substantial bacteremia from infections of lung, kidney, skin, and other foci of acute infection, and surgical or dental manipulations, such as abdominal surgery, genitourinary procedures, and periodontal and exodontal surgery. We are taking this means to suggest that all patients who have had total joint
ASTHMA DUE TO CAT AND DOG HAIR: A PERSONAL EXPERIENCE
Authors: Grafton Tyler Brown
Journal: JAMA (1923)

At the age of 6 years, my parents noticed that I had considerable difficulty in breathing. This was thought to be due to a pair of very large tonsils, which almost entirely closed the aperture in my throat. Tonsillectomy and adenectomy were performed at this time, but my dyspnea persisted and was then recognized as bronchial asthma. From this time, I suffered with frequently recurring attacks of more or less severity. I scarcely knew the meaning of a good night's sleep and, at times, I was unable to go to bed at all, but was forced to spend the night in a chair. Whenever I had a cold, which was very often, I was completely incapacitated. The inhalation of various asthma powders and cigarets gave me temporary relief, but no hope for a cure was held other than that I might possibly outgrow it. My first real relief was obtained
The Crystal Structure of Netrin-1 in Complex with DCC Reveals the Bifunctionality of Netrin-1 As a Guidance Cue
Authors: Lorenzo I. Finci, Nina Krüger, Xiaqin Sun, Jie Zhang, Magda Chegkazi, Yu Wu, Gundolf Schenk, Haydyn D.T. Mertens, Dmitri I. Svergun, Yan Zhang, Jia-huai Wang, Rob Meijers
Journal: Neuron (2014)
Electromagnetic Fields and Circadian Rhythms-Reply
Authors: Leonard A. Sagan
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In Reply.  —I appreciate Dr Schwartz's comments and would agree that the effects of power frequency EMFs on human behavior are important to study. However, I would disagree that the effects of EMF on human circadian rhythms are well-documented. There is only one existing report of such an effect, that cited by Dr Schwartz, ie, the work of Wever conducted on humans and finches in an underground bunker, first published in 1973 and recently reviewed by Wever. 1 The human work has never been replicated, either by Wever or by anyone else. A recent attempt to replicate the observations on finches, conducted in the same German bunker under conditions identical to those used by Wever, failed to show effects. 2   While there is work suggesting that EMFs do affect circadian rhythms in rodents, 3 one must be cautious in extrapolating these results to humans. For one thing, the exposures used
Prognosis for South Asian and white patients with heart failure in the United Kingdom: Deprivation gradient in mortality should not be dismissed as artefactual
Authors: G Lyratzopoulos
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—Blackledge et al report that, counterintuitively, socially deprived patients with heart failure have a better all cause mortality risk.1 This contradicts a large previous study in the United Kingdom showing a clear socioeconomic gradient in mortality risk favouring the least deprived patients.2

Blackledge et al suggest that their finding may be an artefact of the deprivation index they used (index of multiple deprivation 2000). However, misclassification error resulting from the use of any ecological deprivation index would influence results towards parity rather than produce a clear socioeconomic gradient. Although the results are significant only for the most deprived group, a test for trend using the deprivation score as a continuous variable is likely to have produced a significant result and could have been more informative.3

As the authors state, adverse health outcomes are concentrated in the elderly population subgroups of any given geographically defined population. Nevertheless, area based deprivation indices for the United Kingdom consistently predict adverse health outcomes at the individual level.4

An alternative hypothesis is that the observed prognostic variation might reflect differences in the cause of heart failure in different deprivation groups. The more deprived groups may contain comparatively more patients with heart failure due to valve disease, hypertension, alcoholism, and arrhythmias and comparatively fewer with coronary artery disease, which has the poorest prognosis.5 The exact causes of the socioeconomic differences in mortality observed in this study merit further investigation and should not on current evidence be dismissed as artefactual.
Molecular analysis of isophthalate and terephthalate degradation by Comamonas testosteroni YZW-D.
Authors: Y Z Wang, Y Zhou, G J Zylstra
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Comamonas testosteroni YZW-D was isolated from Passaic River sediment for its ability to degrade isophthalate and terephthalate. Degradation of the two isomeric compounds proceeds via separately inducible catabolic pathways that converge at protocatechuate. Analysis of the catabolic pathways by which these two isomers are degraded demonstrated that a cis-dihydrodiol intermediate is involved in both pathways. The genes for the conversion of isophthalate and terephthalate to protocatechuate were cloned on a single fragment of genomic DNA from C. testosteroni YZW-D. The two operons were located by subcloning and mutant complementation experiments. The regions coding for the two degradative pathways were sequenced. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence for the isophthalate degradation operon located genes for a dioxygenase, a transport protein, a cis-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase, and a reductase. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence for the terephthalate degradation operon located genes for a regulatory protein, a transport protein, a dioxygenase large subunit, a dioxygenase small subunit, a cis-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase, and a reductase.
Small bowel hematoma in a hemophiliac as a cause of pseudoappendicitis: Diagnosis by ct imaging
Authors: Harry E. McCoy, Craig S. Kitchens
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract Acute abdominal pain in a hemophiliac should be approached as hemorrhage until proven otherwise. With factor replacement available, a conservative approach can be taken as opposed to immediate exploratory surgery. Diagnostic imaging can define areas of hemorrhage. We report a case of “pseudoappendicitis” in a hemophiliac with terminal ileum circumferential bowel wall hematoma diagnosed by CT with the initial diagnostic scan. Factor replacement resulted in resolution of the signs and symptoms of the pseudoappendicitis and follow‐up CT scan revealed resolution of the hematoma. A review of the literature reveals few CT documented circumferential bowel wall hematomas with limited clinical histories and no cases with follow‐up scans after conservative management.
The Impact of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation on Right Ventricular Function
Authors: Hüseyin Ayhan, Tahir Durmaz, Telat Keleş, Abdullah Nabi Aslan, Haci Ahmet Kasapkara, Cenk Sarı, Emine Bilen, Nihal Akar Bayram, Serdal Baştuğ, Murat Akçay, Engin Bozkurt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Homology of the major birch-pollen allergen, I, with the major pollen allergens of alder, hazel, and hornbeam at the nucleic acid level as determined by cross-hybridization
Authors: R VALENTA, H BREITENEDER, K PETTENBURGER, M BREITENBACH, H RUMPOLD, D KRAFT, O SCHEINER
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1991)
INTRAVESICAL EXPLOSIONS AS A COMPLICATION OF TRANSURETHRAL ELECTRORESECTION: REPORT OF TWO CASES
Authors: Herman L. Kretschmer
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Having recently had two intravesical explosions with rupture of the bladder at the end of transurethral electroresections, I wish to call attention to this possible complication. In this connection I wish to emphasize the following points: First, that the explosions occurred at the end of the resections; second, that they occurred in the 313th and 344th resections, respectively; third, that the complication was recognized and the patients operated on immediately; fourth, that both patients made an uneventful recovery following the surgical repair, and, fifth, that one was an intraperitoneal and the other an extraperitoneal rupture. Practically every urologist, during the course of fulguration treatment of bladder papillomas, has at some time or another experienced small intravesical explosions. Interesting in this connection is the report of Cassuto,1 who reported an intravesical explosion in a patient with a middle lobe hypertrophy. He was retouching certain points when there was produced a loud
Propiverine Compared to Oxybutynin in Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity – Results of a Randomized, Double-blind, Multicenter Clinical Study
Authors: Manfred Stöhrer, Gerd Mürtz, Guus Kramer, Frieder Schnabel, Edwin P. Arnold, Jean-Jaques Wyndaele
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Ganciclovir Prophylaxis To Prevent Cytomegalovirus Disease after Allogeneic Marrow Transplant
Authors: James M. Goodrich
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To study the efficacy and toxicity of ganciclovir prophylaxis given at engraftment to cytomegalovirus (CMV)-seropositive, allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients. Design: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Setting: The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, a referral marrow transplant center. Patients: This study was conducted from November 1990 to August 1991. Ninety-three CMV-seropositive patients were entered into the study before marrow transplant, with 64 patients randomized to receive the study drug after marrow engraftment. Thirty-one patients received placebo, and 33 received ganciclovir. The dose was 5 mg/kg body weight administered intravenously twice daily for 5 days, followed by once daily until day 100 after transplant. Measurements: Outcome variables measured were CMV infection, monitored by weekly cultures, and neutropenia, defined as an absolute neutrophil count of 0.750 × 10−9/L for 2 consecutive days. Cytomegalovirus disease and mortality were secondary end points. Results: Fourteen (45%) placebo recipients developed CMV infection in the first 100 days after marrow transplant compared with one (3%) ganciclovir recipient (P < 0.001). Nine (29%) placebo recipients developed CMV disease compared with no cases in the ganciclovir group during the first 100 days (P < 0.001). Neutropenia occurred in 10 ganciclovir recipients (30%) compared with no cases in the placebo group during the period of observation (P = 0.001). In a separate analysis, patients on ganciclovir who became neutropenic were at greater risk (relative risk, 4.3; P = 0.02) for bacterial infection. Mortality between the two study groups did not differ statistically at 100 and 180 days. Conclusion: Ganciclovir given prophylactically after engraftment is effective in suppressing CMV infection and disease. Neutropenia is an important side effect of ganciclovir use and is associated with an increased risk for bacterial infection. †Deceased.
Design for a Brain
Authors: Kenneth L. Artis
Journal: JAMA (1961)

During  past 20 years, research in  behavioral sciences has become increasingly sophisticated. New findings concerning  brain and behavior have forced upon us  unpleasant necessity of reexamining our models. Concepts once useful, such as the unconscious, regression, and motivation, no longer serve to adequately encompass  data. Ashby is a representative of this new order of sophistication in research, as he proceeds to investigate  problem of  brain's orderliness. He accepts, as fact, that  nervous system behaves adaptively and assumes that it is, in its essentials, mechanistic. These two data are approached as not irreconcilable.  From this point, he proceeds to examine dynamic systems from  standpoint of rigorous scientific —dominantly mathematical—logic until he has evolved a theoretical counterpart of brain functioning. He then builds and experiments with a prototype electronic model, which he names  Homeostat, and tests various aspects of his theories of
Cytological Examination of the Joint Fluid as an Aid to Prognosis in Penetrating Gunshot Wound of the Knee
Authors: W. S. Lazarus-Barlow
Journal: BMJ (1916)

t "l'.lc" 895 Patihogenicity for Man.-Definite pvidence of the patho- genicity of this organism for man is very scanty, although ther;e lhas been on tlle part of certain writers a tacit assumption of its association with a low form of gastro- intestinal disease.Wlhen foulnd in the dejecta in diarrlhoeal and typlhoidal infectious as thie sole non-lactose fermenter, it has most commoilly been regarded as simply an asso- ciated organism whicil lhas overgrown tlle more specific organispns and renidered their recovery impossible.In mnore recent years, lhowever, a few cases have been reported in whiich this organismn lhas been recovered from the blood, and has apparently been accountable for the sylmptoms in the respective cases.Tllus Straub and Krais (1914) record two cases, of which the following are brief notes:Female, aged 19 years, admitted January 6th, 1913.Pain on defaecation, with two or three stools a day, since middle of December, 1912.Stool formed, btut containing mucus.On January 2nd pains in the umbilical region.Since January 4th vomitinig of bilious watery material without blood.Little appetite.Temperature 390 to 400.C., pulse 130. Herpes labialis.Heart and lunigs normal; abdomen tender on pressure, no distension; spleen niot enlarged.Temperature feli by lysis from January 11th, anld patient was discharged on -February 8th.From the blood a pure culture of an organlism allied t3 the f ecail 8 group, but liquefying gelatine, was recovered.Total ]eucocytes 4,500, with relative lymphocytosis.Serum of patient di(d not agglutinate B. typhosuzs or the two para- tvphoid bacilli.Male, aged 19 years.Admitted April 24th, 1913.Took ill on April 3rd with hea(dache anid rigors, but continued at work till April 14th.Hle then r eceived ambulant treatment till April 24th.On admission he complainied of stabbing pains in the chest, with cough, headache, and night sweats.Stools were regular.Temperature39.90 C. Pulse 100.Spleen not palpable.Leuco- cytes 7,100, with 50 per cenit.lymphocytes.Fever was con-
Overexpression of apolipoprotein AII in transgenic mice converts high density lipoproteins to proinflammatory particles.
Authors: L W Castellani, M Navab, B J Van Lenten, C C Hedrick, S Y Hama, A M Goto, A M Fogelman, A J Lusis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Previous studies showed that transgenic mice overexpressing either apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) or apolipoprotein AII (apoAII), the major proteins of HDL, exhibited elevated levels of HDL cholesterol, but, whereas the apoAI-transgenic mice were protected against atherosclerosis, the apoAII-transgenic mice had increased lesion development. We now examine the basis for this striking functional heterogeneity. HDL from apoAI transgenics exhibited an enhanced ability to promote cholesterol efflux from macrophages, but HDL from apoAII transgenics and nontransgenics were not discernibly different in efflux studies. In contrast with HDL from nontransgenics and apoAI transgenics, HDL from the apoAII transgenics were unable to protect against LDL oxidation in a coculture model of the artery wall. Furthermore, HDL taken from apoAII-transgenic mice, but not HDL taken from either the apoAI transgenics or nontransgenic littermate controls, by itself stimulated lipid hydroperoxide formation in artery wall cells and induced monocyte transmigration, indicating that the apoAII-transgenic HDL were in fact proinflammatory. This loss in the ability of the apoAII-transgenic HDL to function as an antioxidant/antiinflammatory agent was associated with a decreased content of paraoxonase, an enzyme that protects against LDL oxidation. Reconstitution of the apoAII transgenic HDL with purified paraoxonase restored both paraoxonase activity and the ability to protect against LDL oxidation. We conclude that overexpression of apoAII converts HDL from an anti- to a proinflammatory particle and that paraoxonase plays a role in this transformation.
Doctor Shortage in Developing Countries
Authors: D. R. W. Haddock
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Intensive-care Units for Myocardial Infarction SIR,-At the present time there is consider- able interest in the possibility of establishing special units in hospitals throughout the country for the intensive care of patients fol- lowing a myocardial infarction.The recent developments in resuscitation using external cardiac massage, direct current countershock for cardiac arrest or grave arrhythmias, and electrical pacing for heart block have given techniques which can be applied successfully in specifically defined complications and added support for such units.We have had a pilot unit for intensive care and study of patients following myocardial infarction at Hammersmith for the past two years, and, although the results are so far promising where mortality figures are con- cerned, in our opinion caution must be ob- served before accepting the principle of setting up such units throughout the country in advance of critical analysis of the best methods to apply in particular circumstances.The success of any intensive-care unit depends not only on the monitoring facilities for resuscitation but on the continuous availability of suitably trained medical and nursing staff and the enthusiasm of all concerned.Above all, it is essential to achieve a greater understanding of the principles of rational management of arrhythmias, haemodynamic and other changes following myocardial infarction.Studies are required to assess the influence of details of management such as posture, the administration of oxygen, regular exercise of the legs to prevent thrombo- embolic complications, and the value or harm of drugs old and new.
Ubiquitin—a common denominator in intermediate filament pathology of brain and liver?
Authors: Helmut Denk, Kurt Zatloukal, Karl-Heinz Preisegger
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Polyclonal antibodies were raised which have a high affinity for conjugated ubiquitin. Immuno-cytochemistry was performed on paraffin sections of tissues showing well-characterized inclusion bodies. Ubiquitin was found as a component of the intermediate filament inclusion bodies characteristic of several major diseases including Lewy bodies of Parkinson’s disease, Pick bodies of Pick’s disease, Mallory bodies of alcoholic liver disease, cytoplasmic bodies of a specific myopathy, and Rosenthal fibres within astrocytes. Ubiquitin was also present in the three histological lesions characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease. These observations suggest a fundamental role for ubiquitin in the formation of intermediate filament inclusion bodies in man, and have implications regarding the pathogenesis of these important diseases.
Fernando Antezana drops out of WHO leadership race
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Dr Fernando Antezana has dropped out of the race for the post of director general of the World Health Organisation. The announcement came as an American television documentary claimed that Dr Antezana had lied about his qualifications on his resume.

The investigative programme 60 Minutes , on the American television channel CBS, found that the Bolivian university from which Dr Antezana had claimed to have a doctorate does not give out doctorates. Dr Antezana also claimed to have diplomas in public health and international relations from Harvard University when he had only completed a one year fellowship at Harvard. He further claimed to have a degree from Stanford University in California, whereas he had attended a …
Invariant natural killer T cell–natural killer cell interactions dictate transplantation outcome after α-galactosylceramide administration
Authors: Rachel D. Kuns, Edward S. Morris, Kelli P. A. MacDonald, Kate A. Markey, Helen M. Morris, Neil C. Raffelt, Tatjana Banovic, Alistair L. J. Don, Vanessa Rowe, Angela C. Burman, Andrew D. Clouston, Camile Farah, Gurdyal S. Besra, Petr A. Illarionov, Mark J. Smyth, Steven A. Porcelli, Geoffrey R. Hill
Journal: Blood (2009)
Abstract 4734: Modeling acquired resistance to MAPK pathway inhibitors in KRAS mutant tumors
Authors: Bonnie Liu, Carol O'Brien, Kyung Song, Jill Spoerke, John Moffat, Somasekar Seshagiri, Lori S. Friedman, Marcia Belvin, Mark Lackner, Georgia Hatzivassiliou
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Acquired resistance to antitumor therapies underlies one of the challenges in effectively treating cancer. Understanding the mechanisms of acquired drug resistance may lead to elucidation of redundant oncogenic pathways and the development of more effective therapies. The RAS/RAF/MEK pathway is active in over 30% of human tumors, often due to mutation in BRAF or RAS family members. Several MEK inhibitors, aimed at treating tumors with RAS/RAF pathway alterations, are in various stages of clinical development. These inhibitors are allosteric and act by binding to a hydrophobic pocket adjacent to the ATP binding pocket to inhibit MEK kinase activity. Preclinical studies using randomly mutagenized MEK cDNAs have identified mutations in MEK that upon transfection in MEK sensitive lines can render them resistant to MEK inhibitors. The strongest effects were observed with mutations affecting the allosteric binding pocket, thus blocking inhibitor binding. Results: To model acquired resistance to MEK inhibitors 3 independent KRAS mutant tumor cell lines (breast MDA-MB-231, colon HCT116 and LoVo) were grown in the presence of increasing concentrations of the selective MEK inhibitor PD0325901 and pools of MEK resistant cells were characterized versus parental cells. MEK resistant cells were still dependent on the MAPK pathway and sensitive to treatment with inhibitors against the downstream kinase ERK. In all three lines, MEK resistance was associated with acquisition of mutations in the MEK allosteric binding pocket, resulting in lack of signaling inhibition and suggesting that such resistance can arise relatively rapidly and in distinct tumor types. To compare mechanisms of acquired resistance to ERK inhibitors, we also generated HCT116 cells resistant to a selective ERK inhibitor. ERK resistant lines remained sensitive to MEK inhibitors and dependent on the MAPK pathway. Conclusions: Acquired resistance to MEK inhibitors in KRAS mutant cells arises through mutations in MEK that block inhibitor binding so that the inhibitor is no longer effective. In this case, tumors remain dependent on the MAPK pathway and can be targeted by inhibitors that act downstream of mutated target. These studies provide the rationale for future screening of patients with acquired MEK inhibitor resistance for mutations in MEK1 and MEK2. Patients whose resistance is driven through MEK mutations may benefit from treatment with an ERK inhibitor. Combination of MEK and ERK inhibitors may potentially prevent or delay the onset of resistance in MAPK-addicted tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4734. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4734