tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive Diagnosis of Dual AV Node Physiology in Patients With AV Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia by Administration of Adenosine-5′-Triphosphate During Sinus Rhythm
Authors: Bernard Belhassen, Roman Fish, Michael Glikson, Aharon Glick, Michael Eldar, Shlomo Laniado, Sami Viskin
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) represents the most commonly encountered type of regular paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. This study determined whether administration of adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) during sinus rhythm may be useful in the noninvasive diagnosis of dual AV nodal pathways. Methods and Results —During electrophysiological study, we intravenously administered incremental doses of ATP (from 10 to 50 mg) during sinus rhythm to patients with spontaneous and inducible sustained AVNRT (study group, n=42) and to patients with no evidence of dual AV nodal physiology or inducible AVNRT (control group, n=21). Signs suggestive of dual AV node physiology after ATP administration during sinus rhythm (“jump” of AH ≥50 ms between 2 consecutive beats, ≥1 AV nodal echo beat, or initiation of AVNRT) were observed in 32 (76%) of 42 study patients but in only 1 (5%) of the 21 control patients ( P &lt;0.001). Similar results were observed when only surface lead recordings (without intracardiac recordings) were evaluated. Signs suggestive of dual AV node physiology by the ATP test were observed in 29 (80.5%) of 36 patients who had electrophysiological demonstration of dual AV node physiology and in 3 (50%) of 6 patients without AV nodal duality ( P =NS). Signs suggestive of dual physiology according to the ATP test disappeared in 11 (92%) of the 12 patients who underwent successful slow AV nodal ablation but persisted in 8 (62%) of 13 patients who underwent AV nodal modification . Conclusions —Administration of ATP during sinus rhythm may be a useful bedside test for identifying patients with dual AV nodal pathways who are prone to AVNRT. This simple test should be considered as a screening test for patients with symptoms suggestive of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia but no documented arrhythmias or for patients with documented narrow complex tachycardia of unclear mechanism.
Repeated sympathetic stimuli elicit the decline and disappearance of prostaglandin modulation and an increase of vascular resistance in humans.
Authors: G G Neri Serneri, S Castellani, L Scarti, F Trotta, J L Chen, M Carnovali, L Poggesi, G Masotti
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

To investigate the role of prostaglandins I2 and E2 in modulating the vasoconstrictor response to sympathetic stimulation, repeated and proximate cold pressor tests were performed in 23 healthy young volunteers. Limb vascular resistance (blood flow measured by venous occlusion plethysmography), prostaglandin I2 (as 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha) and prostaglandin E2 plasma levels (detected by radioimmunoassay), and plasma catecholamines (detected by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection) were measured. A progressive increase in the duration of the vasoconstrictor response was observed with repetition of cold applications (p less than 0.001, by analysis of variance for trends). This increase was associated with a progressive decrease in cold-induced elevation of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha and prostaglandin E2 plasma levels until, after five stimulations, neither prostaglandin was detectable. The maximum detected concentration of norepinephrine did not significantly change, but its area under the curve in time showed a trend toward an increase. Epinephrine levels did not significantly change. The increase of vascular resistance was significantly correlated with the decrease of both prostaglandins (r = 0.93, p less than 0.05 for prostaglandin E2 and r = 0.89, p less than 0.05 for 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha), whereas no significant correlations were found between variations of vascular resistance and catecholamines. Prostaglandin blockade induced by diclofenac sodium administration caused, from the first cold application, a pattern of the vasoconstrictor response and plasma prostaglandin and norepinephrine changes similar to that observed at the fifth cold application in untreated subjects, when prostaglandins are no longer detectable in plasma. We conclude that an increased vasoconstrictor response to sympathetic stimulation in humans may result from a diminished inhibitory influence of prostaglandins on adrenergic transmission.
Eating more red meat is linked with raised risk of breast cancer
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Eating more red meat during early adulthood is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, an analysis of US data from the large Nurses’ Health Study has found.1

The overall evidence concerning red meat intake and risk of breast cancer is not consistent. However, most of the data have come from studies that evaluated diet during midlife and later. This latest prospective cohort study, published in The BMJ , included data from younger women.

The US researchers analyzed data from …
Radiotherapy of pseudotumors of bone in hemophiliacs with circulating inhibitors to factor VIII
Authors: Victoria L. Castaneda, Richard T. Parmley, Miguel Bozzini, John J. Feldmeier
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract Pseudotumors of bone in two hemophiliacs with severe factor VIII deficiency and a high level of circulating inhibitors are reported. Both had favorable response to radiation therapy after unsuccessful treatment with factor concentrates and remain free of recurrence at 18‐62 months. A review of the literature of cases in which radiotherapy has been used is presented. Radiotherapy in the treatment of pseudotumors of bone in hemophiliacs should be strongly considered, particularly if coagulation factor inhibitors are present.
On the Physical Death of Jesus Christ
Authors: Blaine C. White
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article on the death of Jesus Christ is interesting.<sup>1</sup>It is theological, since Christ is only used as a postresurrection title. Moreover, the authors seem to be largely unaware of the nature and results of New Testament scholarship over the last 200 years. This results in some degree of historical distortion and distant (admittedly not malevolent) echos of anti-Semitism. The extent of New Testament study and the careful scholarship with which it has been done need to be briefly examined. Moreover, the current understanding of the historical man Jesus, without which his death is unintelligible, also needs to be touched upon. New Testament scholarship relies on a carefully developed historicocritical methodology. Its major elements include the following. Textual criticism. All our available ancient texts are Greek, and the earliest complete codices date from the fourth century. By this time, a considerable amount of copying
EXPERIMENTAL FRICTION BLISTERS.
Authors: P. F. D. NAYLOR
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1955)

Journal Article EXPERIMENTAL FRICTION BLISTERS. Get access P. F. D. NAYLOR, M.A., M.D. P. F. D. NAYLOR, M.A., M.D. Research Fellow, the Institute of Dermatology, British Postgraduate Medical Federation, University of London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 67, Issue 10, 1 October 1955, Pages 327–342, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1955.tb12657.x Published: 01 October 1955
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Hae Suk Cheong, Mi Kyoung Joung, Cheol-In Kang, Kwan Soo Ko, Doo Ryeon Chung, Kyong Ran Peck, Nam Yong Lee, Jae-Hoon Song
Journal: Journal of Infection (2009)
RATIO OF EARLY MITRAL INFLOW VELOCITY TO EARLY DIASTOLIC STRAIN RATE: IMPACT ON PROGNOSIS IN AORTIC STENOSIS AFTER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Jordi S. Dahl, Mikael Poulsen, Lars Videbaek, Rasmus Carter-Storch, Nicolaj L. Christensen, Anja Kumme, Patricia Pellikka, Jacob E. Moller
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Human Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Do Not Undergo Transformation after Long-term<i>In vitro</i>Culture and Do Not Exhibit Telomere Maintenance Mechanisms
Authors: Maria Ester Bernardo, Nadia Zaffaroni, Francesca Novara, Angela Maria Cometa, Maria Antonietta Avanzini, Antonia Moretta, Daniela Montagna, Rita Maccario, Raffaella Villa, Maria Grazia Daidone, Orsetta Zuffardi, Franco Locatelli
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Significant improvement in the understanding of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) biology has opened the way to their clinical use. However, concerns regarding the possibility that MSCs undergo malignant transformation have been raised. We investigated the susceptibility to transformation of human bone marrow (BM)–derived MSCs at different in vitro culture time points. MSCs were isolated from BM of 10 healthy donors and propagated in vitro until reaching either senescence or passage (P) 25. MSCs in the senescence phase were closely monitored for 8 to 12 weeks before interrupting the cultures. The genetic characterization of MSCs was investigated through array-comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH), conventional karyotyping, and subtelomeric fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis both before and after prolonged culture. MSCs were tested for the expression of telomerase activity, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) transcripts, and alternative lengthening of telomere (ALT) mechanism at different passages. A huge variability in terms of proliferative capacity and MSCs life span was noted between donors. In eight of 10 donors, MSCs displayed a progressive decrease in proliferative capacity until reaching senescence. In the remaining two MSC samples, the cultures were interrupted at P25 to pursue data analysis. Array-CGH and cytogenetic analyses showed that MSCs expanded in vitro did not show chromosomal abnormalities. Telomerase activity and hTERT transcripts were not expressed in any of the examined cultures and telomeres shortened during the culture period. ALT was not evidenced in the MSCs tested. BM-derived MSCs can be safely expanded in vitro and are not susceptible to malignant transformation, thus rendering these cells suitable for cell therapy approaches. [Cancer Res 2007;67(19):9142–9]
Association of Hospital Participation in a Surgical Outcomes Monitoring Program With Inpatient Complications and Mortality
Authors: David A. Etzioni, Nabil Wasif, Amylou C. Dueck, Robert R. Cima, Samuel F. Hohmann, James M. Naessens, Amit K. Mathur, Elizabeth B. Habermann
Journal: JAMA (2015)

<h3>Importance</h3> Programs that analyze and report rates of surgical complications are an increasing focus of quality improvement efforts. The most comprehensive tool currently used for outcomes monitoring in the United States is the American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP). <h3>Objective</h3> To compare surgical outcomes experienced by patients treated at hospitals that did vs did not participate in the NSQIP. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Data from the University HealthSystem Consortium from January 2009 to July 2013 were used to identify elective hospitalizations representing a broad spectrum of elective general/vascular operations in the United States. Data on hospital participation in the NSQIP were obtained through review of semiannual reports published by the ACS. Hospitalizations at any hospital that discontinued or initiated participation in the NSQIP during the study period were excluded after the date on which that hospital’s status changed. A difference-in-differences approach was used to model the association between hospital-based participation in NSQIP and changes in rates of postoperative outcomes over time. <h3>Exposure</h3> Hospital participation in the NSQIP. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Risk-adjusted rates of any complications, serious complications, and mortality during a hospitalization for elective general/vascular surgery. <h3>Results</h3> The cohort included 345 357 hospitalizations occurring in 113 different academic hospitals; 172 882 (50.1%) hospitalizations were in NSQIP hospitals. Hospitalized patients were predominantly female (61.5%), with a mean age of 55.7 years. The types of procedures performed most commonly in the analyzed hospitalizations were hernia repairs (15.7%), bariatric (10.5%), mastectomy (9.7%), and cholecystectomy (9.0%). After accounting for patient risk, procedure type, underlying hospital performance, and temporal trends, the difference-in-differences model demonstrated no statistically significant differences over time between NSQIP and non-NSQIP hospitals in terms of likelihood of complications (adjusted odds ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.97-1.03), serious complications (adjusted odds ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.94-1.03), or mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.94-1.14). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> No association was found between hospital-based participation in the NSQIP and improvements in postoperative outcomes over time within a large cohort of patients undergoing elective general/vascular operations at academic hospitals in the United States. These findings suggest that a surgical outcomes reporting system does not provide a clear mechanism for quality improvement.
Series Introduction: Inspirations on asthma
Authors: Jack Elias
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Asthma continues to challenge physicians and scientists. After declining for years, the prevalence, morbidity and mortality of asthma have increased over the last two decades. In keeping with the importance of this “epidemic,” significant attention has been focused on the pathogenesis of this disorder. These investigations have revised our concepts of the abnormalities that underlie the asthmatic diathesis and our understanding of crucial aspects of its natural history. They have also provided exciting insights into the cellular and molecular events that regulate airway inflammation and inflammation in other tissues. It is clear from these studies that a genetic predisposition plus an appropriate life event(s) conspire to generate the asthmatic diathesis and that often early life (and possibly in utero) events play a crucial role in disease pathogenesis. It is also clear that inflammation is the cornerstone of asthma and that, in the majority of cases, Th2 dominated tissue responses are responsible for this disorder. Recently, the non-inflammatory structural alterations in the asthmatic airway have received renewed attention and the roles these structural changes may play in generating symptomatology and altering natural history have begun to be elucidated.

The first Perspective in this series, by Gern, Lemanske and Busse, deals with the early life origins of the asthmatic diathesis, and the second article, by Oettgen and Geha, highlights recent insights into the importance of IgE and new anti-IgE-based therapies in atopy and the asthmatic response. The third article by Ray and Cohn highlights the large body of data that has now been generated regarding the cellular and molecular events that regulate and the effector functions of Th2 inflammatory responses, and the fourth article by Lukacs and colleagues describes the organized chemokine network that is involved in the generation of airway inflammation. The last article in the series by Elias et al. deals with the structural changes and the concept of asthmatic airway remodeling, highlighting both our level of knowledge and the challenges for the future.

When the information presented in this series is looked at in composite, one can easily be impressed by the depth and breadth of our knowledge. It is also easy to see how these studies will serve as a springboard for future investigations and the foundation upon which new and powerful therapeutic interventions for asthma can be developed. It is important to keep in mind, however, that the relationship between atopy and asthma and the cause of the asthmatic epidemic are still poorly understood despite significant investigation. Perspective is also provided by the fact that William Osler stated in 1892 that asthma “in many cases is a special form of inflammation of the smaller bronchioles.” It has taken us almost a century to fully embrace this concept and begin to carefully dissect this airway response. Although we have made impressive progress, we still have a long way to go.
Clinical Hypothyroidism Occurring During Lithium Treatment: Two Case Histories and a Review of Thyroid Function in 19 Patients
Authors: M. P. ROGERS, P. C. WHYBROW
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1971)

The case histories of two individuals developing hypothyroidism during treatment with lithium carbonate are presented. A review of thyroid function in 19 patients revealed a significant decrease in PBI concomitant with lithium treatment for an average of 15 months. The authors suggest that this antithyroid effect may be of importance in the theoretical understanding of the antimanic effect of lithium; they also draw attention to the importance of assessing thyroid function and noting the use of other potentially antithyroid medications prior to and during long-term lithium treatment.
Locum doctors protest at strike breaking
Authors: C. Essex
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Doctors have been flown from Australia to fill the places of striking junior doctors at Whakatane Hospital in New Zealand's North Island. Ten of the hospital's junior doctors are on a three and a half week strike. They want a return to hourly rates of pay and claim that they were being called back after a full day's work to perform duties normally done by other staff.

Eastbay Health Crown Health Enterprise hired the locum doctors after placing advertisements in Australian newspapers …
Generation of hydroxyl radical by chromate in biologically relevant systems: role of Cr(V) complexes versus tetraperoxochromate(V).
Authors: X Shi, N S Dalal
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

While Cr(V) species and .OH radicals have been suggested to play significant roles in the mechanism of chromate-related carcinogenesis, controversy still exists regarding the identity of the Cr(V) species and their role in the generation of .OH radicals. Some recent studies have suggested that the primary Cr(V) species involved is the tetraperoxochromate(V) (CrO8(3-)) ion, which produces .OH radical either on decomposition or by reaction with H2O2. The present study utilized ESR and spin trapping techniques to probe this mechanism. The results obtained show that (i) CrO8(3-) is not formed in any significant quantity in the reaction of chromate with biologically relevant reductants such as glutathione, glutathione reductase, NAD(P)H, ascorbate, vitamin B2, etc. (ii) Decomposition of CrO8(3-), or its reaction with H2O2 does not generate any significant amount of .OH radicals. (iii) The major Cr(V) species formed are complexes of Cr(V) with reductant moieties as ligands. (iv) These Cr(V) complexes generate .OH radicals from H2O2 via Fenton-like reaction. The present study thus disagrees with the recently proposed
Peptide-Hormone Analogues
Authors: H. D. Niall, G. W. Tregear
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

When is a peptide not a peptide? The ingenuity of the organic chemist is reflected in analogues with less and less resemblance to their parent molecules. Some are barely even recognizable as peptides; one needs a major in chemistry and a good road map to work out exactly what devilment has been inflicted on thyrotropin releasing hormone, for example, to generate pyro-(α-amino adipyl)-histidyl-thiazolidine-4-carboxamide, an analogue with powerful and selective effects on the central nervous system.1 Even the peptide backbone is no longer sacred, since aza-analogues, in which the α carbon atom is replaced by nitrogen, have been synthesized for several . . .
The Movement of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis across Borders in East Africa Needs a Regional and Global Solution
Authors: Kevin P. Cain, Nina Marano, Maureen Kamene, Joseph Sitienei, Subroto Mukherjee, Aleksandar Galev, John Burton, Orkhan Nasibov, Jackson Kioko, Kevin M. De Cock
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2015)

Kevin Cain and colleagues reflect on the cross border movement of people from Somalia with MDR-TB and the implications for MDR-TB programs in East Africa.
Activated CD47 promotes pulmonary arterial hypertension through targeting caveolin-1
Authors: Philip M. Bauer, Eileen M. Bauer, Natasha M. Rogers, Mingyi Yao, Monica Feijoo-Cuaresma, Joseph M. Pilewski, Hunter C. Champion, Brian S. Zuckerbraun, Maria J. Calzada, Jeffrey S. Isenberg
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive lung disease characterized by pulmonary vasoconstriction and vascular remodelling, leading to increased pulmonary vascular resistance and right heart failure. Loss of nitric oxide (NO) signalling and increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-derived oxidative stress are central to the pathogenesis of PAH, yet the mechanisms involved remain incompletely determined. In this study, we investigated the role activated CD47 plays in promoting PAH. We report high-level expression of thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) and CD47 in the lungs of human subjects with PAH and increased expression of TSP1 and activated CD47 in experimental models of PAH, a finding matched in hypoxic human and murine pulmonary endothelial cells. In pulmonary endothelial cells CD47 constitutively associates with caveolin-1 (Cav-1). Conversely, in hypoxic animals and cell cultures activation of CD47 by TSP1 disrupts this constitutive interaction, promoting eNOS-dependent superoxide production, oxidative stress, and PAH. Hypoxic TSP1 null mice developed less right ventricular pressure and hypertrophy and markedly less arteriole muscularization compared with wild-type animals. Further, therapeutic blockade of CD47 activation in hypoxic pulmonary artery endothelial cells upregulated Cav-1, increased Cav-1CD47 co-association, decreased eNOS-derived superoxide, and protected animals from developing PAH. Activated CD47 is upregulated in experimental and human PAH and promotes disease by limiting Cav-1 inhibition of dysregulated eNOS.
[568] HEPATIC FUNCTION IS A STRONG PREDICTIVE FACTOR OF EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ANTIVIRAL THERAPY IN PORTAL HYPERTENSIVE HEPATITIS C VIRUS-RELATED LIVER CIRRHOSIS
Authors: B.E. Annicchiarico, M. Siciliano, P. Parente, A. Gasbarrini, G. Bombardieri
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Unsuspected Synchronous Lung Cancer Unveiled on FDG PET After Chemotherapy for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Yifan Zhang, Geming Li, Hongming Zhuang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

A 68-year-old man with a history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma presented with fatigue, weight loss, and coughing. Recurrent lymphoma was suspected and the patient then underwent an FDG PET scan, which revealed multiple foci of hypermetabolism in the mediastinum and bilateral hilar regions of the lungs. Two follow-up FDG PET scans were performed during and after chemotherapy to monitor the effectiveness of the therapy. There was diminished activity in most lesions during and after chemotherapy. However, 1 lesion in the region of the right hilum continued to grow during chemotherapy, which was later proven to be squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.