tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adjuvant Chemotherapy: Correct Advice?
Authors: Arthur Louie
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We take exception to suggestions made by Dr Turnbull for adjuvant chemotherapy in a case of Dukes stage C colonic cancer (237:385, 1977). Dr Turnbull correctly states that the adjuvant use of fluorouracil and semustine (methyl-CCNU) is investigational with insufficient long-term experience, and yet he goes on to recommend adjuvant therapy. Published results of adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer deal primarily with the use of thiotepa,<sup>3,4</sup>intravenous fluorouracil,<sup>5</sup>intraluminal fluorouracil,<sup>6</sup>and intravenous floxuridine.<sup>7</sup> In evaluating results of adjuvant therapy in this disease, one must realize that improved surgical techniques have led to better five-year survival rates for all patients with operable colonic cancers. Current figures for survival following surgery alone range from 50% to 55% in several large series.<sup>1,2</sup> Holden and co-workers<sup>3</sup>reported the results of a university hospital cooperative study involving 693 patients, half of whom were treated with adjuvant
ANIMAL RINGWORM. TRICHOPHYTON DISCOIDES AND MENTAGROPHYTES INFECTIONS IN THE CAMBRIDGE AREA.
Authors: ARTHUR ROOK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1956)

Journal Article ANIMAL RINGWORM. TRICHOPHYTON DISCOIDES AND MENTAGROPHYTES INFECTIONS IN THE CAMBRIDGE AREA. Get access ARTHUR ROOK ARTHUR ROOK Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 68, Issue 1, 1 January 1956, Pages 11–15, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1956.tb12750.x Published: 01 January 1956
Possible involvement of an endogenous opioid in the antihypertensive effect of clonidine in patients with essential hypertension.
Authors: C Farsang, J Kapocsi, I Juhasz, G Kunos
Journal: Circulation (1982)

The effect of naloxone on the hypotensive and bradycardiac action of clonidine was studied in 27 hospitalized patients with uncomplicated mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. In a double-blind, crossover study, clonidine, 0.3 mg/day orally for 3 days, significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate, whereas placebo was ineffective. Naloxone, 0.4 mg given intravenously on the third day of clonidine treatment, caused a rapid increase in blood pressure and heart rate in 14 patients (reacting group), but was ineffective in the remaining 13 patients (nonreacting group). Naloxone given during the placebo period was ineffective in all patients. Both the clonidine-induced hypotension and the rebound increase in blood pressure after cessation of clonidine were significantly greater in the reacting than in the nonreacting group. These observations suggest that release of an endogenous opioid contributes to the antihypertensive action of clonidine; this mechanism may be also involved in the discontinuation syndrome after cessation of clonidine.
Determinants of Duration and Mean Rate of Ventricular Ejection
Authors: E. BRAUNWALD, S. J. SARNOFF, W. N. STAINSBY
Journal: Circulation Research (1958)

The independent influences of stroke volume, heart rate, aortic pressure, hypothermia, sympathomimetic amines, metered mitral and aortic valvular regurgitation, and alterations in myocardial contractility on the duration and mean rate of ventricular ejection and filling were studied. These observations were made in a metabolically supported, isolated heart preparation with performance characteristics comparable to the non-isolated heart.
Papillary Thyroid Cancer With Metastasis to the Skin
Authors: Roman Junik, Joanna K??ubo-Gwie??dzi??ska, Zdzislaw Zuchora, Wieslaw Zmyslowski
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Differentiated thyroid cancer metastasizes predominantly to the lymph nodes, lungs, and bones and rarely to the brain, liver, and skin. We present the case of a 56-year-old woman with papillary thyroid cancer with cutaneous metastases, situated in the left upper abdominal region, precisely above the area of the stomach. The location of the metastasis could lead to misinterpretation of iodine uptake in a metastasis as being physiological iodine excretion in the stomach mucosa. Results of I-131 whole-body scintigraphy could be properly interpreted only with some knowledge of the cutaneous metastasis. This is essential to avoid false-positive or false-negative scans.
Insulin suppresses growth hormone secretion by rat pituitary cells.
Authors: S Melmed
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The effects of insulin on basal and hydrocortisone-induced growth hormone (GH) secretion were studied in rat pituitary tumor cells (GH3). Cells were grown in monolayer culture and exposed to exogenously added insulin for up to 8 d. Basal GH secretion was inhibited by insulin (0.7 nM) after a 48-h lag period by approximately 50% (P less than 0.01, vs. untreated control cells). The suppression of GH secretion was reversible, as removal of added insulin resulted in return of GH secretion to normal levels after 24 h. Maximal suppression of basal GH secretion was achieved by 0.7 nM insulin, and these effects were prevented by simultaneous exposure of the cells to guinea pig anti-insulin serum (1:2,000). No effects of insulin on cell replication were evident, and glucose concentration in the medium did not differ in control or insulin-treated wells. Insulin (7 nM) significantly suppressed the fivefold hydrocortisone-induced GH stimulation during 5 d of incubation with up to 1,000 nM of the steroid (P less than 0.001). These inhibitory effects were similarly observed in glucose- and pyruvate-free medium, and in the presence of 2-deoxyglucose. Insulin also reversed the suppression of prolactin (PRL) secretion induced by hydrocortisone (1 uM), and actually stimulated basal PRL secretion by over 50%. Insulin did not alter the inhibitory effect of hydrocortisone on GH3 cell proliferation. Although higher doses (13 nM) of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) also suppressed basal GH secretion, IGF-I did not alter the GH and PRL secretory changes induced by hydrocortisone. The results show that insulin exerts a direct, specific inhibitory effect on basal and hydrocortisone-induced GH secretion by GH3 cells unrelated to glucose utilization by the cells.
Gastric Biopsies in Metabolic Investigations: In vitro studies on potassium loss and glycolysis in human gastric mucosal biopsies
Authors: E. Krag, H. Dalsager
Journal: Endoscopy (1972)

By gastroscopy human gastric mucosal biopsies are obtained and incubated in a nutrient medium at room temperature. The potassium loss from the cells, the uptake of glucose and xylose, and the production of lactate are examined. The studies indicate that human gastric mucosal biopsies display certain characteristic metabolic activities, and may thus be considered acceptable tissues for further metabolic investigations.
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF RIGHT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION DETERMINED BY CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE
Authors: Ijaz Ahmad, Aziz Rehman, Joe Y. Lau, Betty Hua, Frida Ashurova, Geetha Bhumireddy, Faisal Ali, Charles Vu, Joshua Fogel, Sorin J. Brener, Terrence Sacchi, John F. Heitner
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
A 52-Year-Old Woman With Disabling Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Seward B. Rutkove
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Ms Q is a 52-year-old woman who has had progressive polyneuropathy in the setting of diabetes for the past 8 years. Ms Q's major disability is that of increasingly severe neuropathic pain and cramps that have been poorly responsive to a variety of therapies, including gabapentin and topiramate. The diagnosis of and differential diagnosis for diabetic polyneuropathy are reviewed herein. In general, treatment options for diabetic polyneuropathy remain primarily symptomatic. Improving the metabolic profile through weight loss, exercise, and if necessary, medications may help slow neuropathy progression. Many medications are effective in reducing pain, and newly developed ones, such as pregabalin and duloxetine, while specifically marketed for diabetic neuropathy, are likely to be no better and are considerably more expensive than older ones. Alpha-lipoic acid appears to be effective as well.
Failure of T cell receptor-anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody interaction in T cells from marrow recipients to induce increases in intracellular ionized calcium.
Authors: M Yamagami, P W McFadden, S M Koethe, V Ratanatharathorn, L G Lum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

There are multiple immune defects in T cells from recipients after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). This study examines recipient T cells for increases in intracellular ionized calcium concentration [( Ca2+]i) after binding the T cell receptor-CD3 complex with anti-CD3 MAb. PBL from 10 of 23 short-term recipients (less than 1 yr after BMT) responded poorly (less than 35% of control) to anti-CD3 stimulation and PBL from 9 of 23 had blunted calcium flux responses (35-70% of control). Purified CD2+, CD56- cells from seven additional short-term recipients including three autologous marrow recipients were closely examined, and a sizable proportion of CD3+ cells from six of seven recipients did not increase [Ca2+]i after anti-CD3 stimulation. The decreased magnitude of the responses was due to decreased numbers of responding cells and not to a decrease in mean CD3 fluorescent intensity or in calcium flux responses on a single cell basis. Five of seven long-term recipients (greater than 1 yr after BMT) had PBL that responded normally and two of seven had PBL with blunted calcium flux responses. The data show that the signal transduction response mediated by the CD3-antigen receptor as measured by calcium flux is defective early after autologus or allogeneic BMT.
Culture and Depression: Studies in the Anthropology and Cross-cultural Psychiatry of Affect and Disorder
Authors: Joel E. Dimsdale
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Problems in cross-cultural assessment confront all medical specialties, but are especially troublesome to psychiatry. How does one take a history and make a diagnosis if the patient is from a radically different culture? A flip answer might be, "Obtain an interpreter." However, even when an interpreter has correctly translated each individual sentence of an interview, one still does not understand the meaning of the complaint in a different cultural context. Many of us wish for some sort of cross-cultural dictionary that would provide a succinct summary of different groups' unique cultural values and belief structures about illness. Alternatively, some wish for more of an understanding of the theoretical underpinnings and controversies in anthropology and psychiatry that make a cross-cultural discourse both imperative and difficult. This book follows the latter course. The editors have covered a broad spectrum of topics in psychiatry and anthropology. The chapters vary widely in approach and
Caution advised in interpreting nonsignificant results from ADVANCE post hoc analysis
Authors: Jyoti E. Brar
Journal: Kidney International (2013)

To the Editor: Perkovic et al.1.Perkovic V. Heerspink H.L. Chalmers J. et al.Intensive glucose control improves kidney outcomes in patients with type-2 diabetes.Kidney Int. 2013; 83: 517-523Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (235) Google Scholar suggest in their post hoc analysis that the number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent one end-stage renal disease (ESRD) over 5 years goes down as more markers of renal injury appear in a diabetic patient. It is important to note that in the univariate analysis, glomerular filtration rate <60 or albuminuria or their combination did not gain statistical significance for the outcome of ESRD. NNT should be used with caution in nonsignificant results.2.Eric Corty Using And Interpreting Statistics: A Practical Text for the Health, Behavioral, and Social Sciences. Mosby, 2007Google Scholar In a non-significant NNT, a hazard ratio could hypothetically also be a negative number, which would then constitute a number needed to harm.3.Muthu V. The number needed to treat: problems describing non-significant results.Evid Based Mental Health. 2003; 6: 72Crossref PubMed Scopus (9) Google Scholar This is not clinically meaningful. Thus, the reader is advised to not be swayed by the better NNT of nonsignificant outcomes in this article, but rather concentrate on the question of clinical utility of NNT of 410 in the overall study population (P<0.05) to prevent one ESRD over 5 years.
<i>IL12RB2</i> and <i>ABCA1</i> Genes Are Associated with Susceptibility to Radiation Dermatitis
Authors: Minoru Isomura, Natsuo Oya, Seiji Tachiiri, Yuko Kaneyasu, Yasumasa Nishimura, Tetsuo Akimoto, Masato Hareyama, Tadasi Sugita, Norio Mitsuhashi, Takashi Yamashita, Masahiko Aoki, Heitetsu Sai, Yutaka Hirokawa, Koh-ichi Sakata, Kumiko Karasawa, Akihiro Tomida, Takashi Tsuruo, Yoshio Miki, Tetsuo Noda, Masahiro Hiraoka
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Severe acute radiation dermatitis is observed in approximately 5% to 10% of patients who receive whole-breast radiotherapy. Several factors, including treatment-related and patient-oriented factors, are involved in susceptibility to severe dermatitis. Genetic factors are also thought to be related to a patient's susceptibility to severe dermatitis. To elucidate genetic polymorphisms associated with a susceptibility to radiation-induced dermatitis, a large-scale single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis using DNA samples from 156 patients with breast cancer was conducted. Experimental Design: Patients were selected from more than 3,000 female patients with early breast cancer who received radiotherapy after undergoing breast-conserving surgery. The dermatitis group was defined as patients who developed dermatitis at a National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria grade of ≥2. For the SNP analysis, DNA samples from each patient were subjected to the genotyping of 3,144 SNPs covering 494 genes. Results: SNPs that mapped to two genes, ABCA1 and IL12RB2, were associated with radiation-induced dermatitis. In the ABCA1 gene, one of these SNPs was a nonsynonymous coding SNP causing R219K (P = 0.0065). As for the IL12RB2 gene, the strongest association was observed at SNP-K (rs3790568; P = 0.0013). Using polymorphisms of both genes, the probability of severe dermatitis was estimated for each combination of genotypes. These analyses showed that individuals carrying a combination of genotypes accounting for 14.7% of the Japanese population have the highest probability of developing radiation-induced dermatitis. Conclusion: Our results shed light on the mechanisms responsible for radiation-induced dermatitis. These results may also contribute to the individualization of radiotherapy.
Evidence of Impaired Endothelium-Dependent Coronary Vasodilatation in Patients with Angina Pectoris and Normal Coronary Angiograms
Authors: Kensuke Egashira, Tetsuzi Inou, Yoshitaka Hirooka, Akira Yamada, Yoshitoshi Urabe, Akira Takeshita
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

A group of patients has been described who have chest pain resembling angina and positive exercise tests, but normal coronary angiograms and no coronary-artery spasm. This constellation of features has sometimes been called syndrome X or microvascular angina. We attempted to determine whether endothelium-dependent vasodilatation of the coronary vasculature was impaired in patients with this syndrome.
Micro‐arrayed wheat seed and grass pollen allergens for component‐resolved diagnosis
Authors: C. Constantin, S. Quirce, M. Poorafshar, A. Touraev, B. Niggemann, A. Mari, C. Ebner, H. Akerström, E. Heberle‐Bors, M. Nystrand, R. Valenta
Journal: Allergy (2009)

Wheat is a potent allergen source and can cause baker's asthma, food and pollen allergy. The aim of the study was to develop an allergen micro-array for differential diagnosis of baker's asthma, wheat-induced food allergy and grass pollen allergy.We analysed the immunoglobulin-E reactivity profiles of patients suffering from baker's asthma, wheat-induced food allergy and grass pollen allergy to micro-arrayed recombinant wheat flour allergens and grass pollen allergens and compared these results with clinical results and diagnostic tests based on crude wheat flour, wheat pollen and grass pollen allergen extracts.We identified recombinant wheat flour allergens, which are specifically recognized by patients suffering from baker's asthma, but not from patients with food allergy to wheat or pollen allergy. rPhl p 1 and rPhl p 5 were identified as marker allergens specific for grass pollen allergy. They can be used to replace grass pollen extracts for allergy diagnosis and to identify grass pollen allergic patients among patients suffering from baker's asthma and wheat-induced food allergy. Profilin was identified as a cross-reactive allergen recognized by patients suffering from baker's asthma, food and pollen allergy.Our results indicate that it will be possible to design serological tests based on micro-arrayed recombinant wheat seed and grass pollen allergens for the discrimination of baker's asthma, wheat-induced food allergy and grass pollen allergy.
Outbreak of Pseudomonas paucimobilis in an Intensive Care Facility
Authors: Lawrence R. Crane
Journal: JAMA (1981)

During a two-month period, six patients in an intensive care unit (ICU) were colonized or infected with Pseudomonas paucimobilis, a newly described bacterial species. To our knowledge, the epidemic organism has not been found previously in these units. The bacterium was usually recovered from the sputum of persons receiving ventilatory assistance and represented transient colonization. One patient had a symptomatic urinary tract infection. The outbreak was confined to two of the ICUs. Cultures of respiratory equipment were negative, but P paucimobilis was recovered from the ICU hot water line. Water bottles used for rinsing tracheal suction connecting tubing were found to contain P paucimobilis organisms. This resulted from refilling with tap water. No further cases were found during a 20-month follow-up period, when a uniform tracheal suctioning policy was developed.
Genome-Wide Views of Cancer
Authors: Todd R. Golub
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Nearly coincident with the publication of the article by Hedenfalk et al.1 in this issue of the Journal are reports of the complete DNA sequence of the human genome.2,3 This remarkable point in biomedical history marks the beginning of an era in which we expect to learn the molecular basis of all human diseases. How long this will take is uncertain, but the boundaries of the problem are now clear. The increasing understanding of molecular medicine will shift clinical practice from empirical treatment to therapy based on a molecular taxonomy of disease. Physicians will be prescribing rationally designed drugs . . .
Medical genetics gets boost in India
Authors: M. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (1995)

India will spend £4m over the next three years to develop skill in human genetics and to use data from the international human genome research project for medical use in India. A government task force on human genetics has just approved a programme to spread the availability of prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders across the country and to set up research groups capable of delivering gene therapy in India.

The task …
Effectiveness of Betamethasone in Management of Severe Infections
Authors: Jean Klastersky, Roger Cappel, Louise Debusscher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

STEROIDS might be of benefit to the patient with a serious infection.1 In 1961 a Cooperative double-blind study of the effects of administering a dose of 300 mg of hydrocortisone to patients with severe bacterial infections, followed by decrements for another three days, did not indicate any noteworthy alteration in the mortality.2 More recently, experimental studies indicated that only pharmacologic doses of corticoids might be expected to be helpful in bacterial infections.3 Therefore, the following studies were undertaken to define further the place, if any, of large doses of corticoids as an adjunct to antibiotics in the therapy of severe . . .
Occupational Health Programs for House Staff Physicians-Reply
Authors: Robert Lewy
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Goldenring takes issue with several of the methods used in our preemployment medical examination. He comments that neither the cost nor radiation exposure justify the routine chest x-ray film. Radiation exposure from a single posteroanterior film is negligible. At our institution, a single posteroanterior chest film provides three millirad of radiation. For comparison, background radiation exposure in New York City averages 40 to 50 millirad per year. Whether a routine chest film, performed at four- to five-year intervals, provides sufficient baseline medical information, must be based on the population at risk. In view of the high risk of morbidity and the low rate of compliance with preventive programs among house staff, baseline screening for this group seems justified. Dr Goldenring consistently confuses charges with costs. Charges for single tests may be less than charges for an automated screen. However, it often costs far less to perform an
29Whole genome and transcriptome approach in a polygenic model for cardiac hypertrophy identifies Trim55 as a new candidate gene in quantitative trait locus cardiac mass 22
Authors: PR Prestes, FZ Marques, G Lopez-Campos, SB Harrap, FJ Charchar
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Objective: Cardiac hypertrophy (CH) is the main risk factor for heart disease after age. Multiple genetic factors are known to be involved but still poorly understood. We have previously described a quantitative trait locus (QTL) cardiac mass 22 (Cm22) on chromosome 2 which influences heart size independently of blood pressure. Our aim was to determine which genes in QTL Cm22 contribute to CH using a polygenic genetic model. Design and method: We used a genomic and transcriptomic approach to identify genes in Cm22 contributing to CH. Firstly, we used the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform to sequence the whole-genome of the Hypertrophic Heart Rat (HHR), a normotensive genetic model of CH, and its control, the Normal Heart Rat (NHR). Both genomes were aligned and compared to Rat Genome Database v3.4 and four types of variants were analysed: single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions and deletions (InDels), copy number variations (CNVs) and structural variants (SVs). Secondly, we investigated gene expression of all Cm22 genes in left ventricles of HHR and NHR (n=8 per group) using Affymetrix GeneChip® Rat Gene 1.0 ST arrays. We then combined these data to identify unique variants in genes differentially expressed in QTL Cm22. Results: Overall, approximately 5.7 and 5 million variants are present in HHR and NHR, respectively, and the majority of the variants (80%) were SNPs. In QTL Cm22, we found approximately 10 thousand variants in each strain. The array data showed that gene for tripartite motif-containing 55 (Trim55) was significantly downregulated in HHR (FC=-2.08; FDR=0.049). We validated these findings by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), which showed that Trim55 mRNA is down-regulated from neonatal to late adulthood in the CH model. Analysis of the gene region of Trim55 identified 12 and 24 variants in HHR and NHR, respectively. One missense mutation in the HHR was located in its ninth exon. In silico studies demonstrated that this mutation may cause a change in the protein structure which may affect function. Conclusion: The Trim55 gene in QTL CM22 is a novel candidate gene for polygenic hypertrophy development independent of blood pressure.