tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Upregulation of CXCR4 is essential for HER2-mediated tumor metastasis
Authors: Yan M. Li, Yong Pan, Yongkun Wei, Xiaoyun Cheng, Binhua P. Zhou, Ming Tan, Xiaoyan Zhou, Weiya Xia, Gabriel N. Hortobagyi, Dihua Yu, Mien-Chie Hung
Journal: Cancer Cell (2004)
TRYPARSAMIDE IN THE TREATMENT OF NEUROSYPHILIS
Authors: UDO J. WILE
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Through the generosity of those in charge of the distribution of tryparsamide, we have been able, during the last six months, to undertake a preliminary study to determine the value of this drug in the treatment of neurosyphilis, as well as to determine the toxicity and the untoward reactions of the drug, if such existed. In order that our study should be of value, we were careful to carry out our procedure exactly as outlined to us, and to take all the necessary precautions that were definitely given to us at the outset of our study. A large part of our material came from the psychopathic service of the University of Michigan Medical School, and, therefore, most of our cases were those of the parenchymatous type. As this particular type of case, notably the cases of general paralysis, has been least benefited with other forms of treatment, it seemed especially
Future of singlehanded general practices: The NHS has room for variety
Authors: Nigel Higson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

EDITOR—In his editorial on the future of singlehanded general practices Majeed makes a plea for the continuation of single-handed general practice in UK primary care.1

I have experienced the growth of a practice from a small to a large partnership, then the trauma of divorcing myself from partnership and creating a singlehanded practice, which through necessity had to grow to …
Antineoplastic Drug Screening Belongs in the Laboratory, Not in the Clinic
Authors: L. M. Weisenthal
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have increasingly begun to emerge (1). Many authorities agree that this situation has the potential to become a problem of serious proportions. One hopes that scientists in both public and private sectors are hard at work studying these resistant strains in the laboratory to discover new drugs and methods to circumvent the resistance to the old drugs. What if it were impossible to study these resistant strains in the laboratory? What if the only models for Mycobacterium tuberculosis were species of Escherichia colil What if we didn't have a clue whether or not a series of new drugs had any chance of working until we had tested them in thousands of dying human beings with advanced tuberculosis? Finally, how would we feel if most of the drugs which emerged from the Escherichia coli screen as potential antituberculosis candidates routinely inflicted life-threatening toxic effects in these dying human beings? One would think that the first order of business would be to make a high priority of developing better model systems. More precisely, one would look to develop laboratory methods to study directly the drug-resistant mycobacteria which are causing all of the trouble.
US passes bill granting mandatory access to data
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Free public access is to be made available to the results of research funded by the National Institutes of Health, the US Senate has decided.

Widespread non-compliance with an existing voluntary public access initiative has led to support for the mandatory programme. According to a government report issued in January 2006, less than 4% of articles were made publicly available in the eight month period initiation of the voluntary programme in May 2005 (http://publicaccess.nih.gov/Final\_Report\_20060201.pdf).

The Senate passed a bill on 23 October that requires researchers who are funded by …
Stress fractures of the hip in Royal Marine recruits under training: a retrospective analysis.
Authors: M D Stoneham, N V Morgan
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1991)

At the Commando Training Centre, Royal Marines (CTCRM), a retrospective analysis of the occurrence of one form of stress fracture--that of the hip--has shown that this fracture is a significant cause of morbidity in the recruits. Most fractures presented in the last few weeks of training, which may reflect the increasing workload that the training involves. Two different fracture sites are identified, but there is no discernible difference in presentation or outcome between them. The condition may be easily misdiagnosed as a more trivial injury. A careful history and examination, and a low threshold for radiographic and scintigraphic investigation are important for diagnosis, and to avoid the catastrophic failure of the fracture seen in one of our patients.
P1-023: Analysis of case history data including smoking status, resectability and bronchoscopic findings in lung cancer patients in the Pulmonary Department of the 1st Medical Faculty in Prague, Czech Republic
Authors: Miloslav Marel, Frantisek Krejbich, Irena Spasova, Otakar Mericka, Pavla Stranska, Jiri Homolka, Milada Zemanova
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Observations on Atrioventricular Conduction in Patients with Bilateral Bundle-Branch Block
Authors: R. M. SCHUILENBURG, DIRK DURRER
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Atrioventricular conduction was studied in three patients, each representing a different grade of bilateral bundle-branch block. His bundle activity was recorded by a catheter technic. Two of the three patients had experienced Adams-Stokes attacks. The first patient had right bundle-branch block with left axis deviation at the time of catheterization. Increases in the atrial driving rate resulted in progressive lengthening of the A-H interval, the H-V interval remaining constant and within normal limits. Second degree A-V block occurred at atrial rates higher than 140/min. The site of this block was located above the His bundle. On no occasion was the impulse blocked distally to the His bundle. The second patient had a Mobitz type II A-V block with complete left bundle-branch block and a prolonged P-R interval in the conducted beats. The block of the nonconducted beats could be located distal to the His bundle. H-V block occurred more frequently when the atrial rate was increased. Second degree A-H block occurred at rates above 140/min. At these rates interesting patterns were seen due to conduction impairment at two levels in the A-V conduction system. The third patient presented with complete A-V block. The site of this block could be located at a level lower than the His bundle. A-H conduction studied with increases of atrial rate and with atrial premature beats seemed to be normal. There was evidence for the existence of retrograde V-A conduction in this patient.
Epigenetics—The Link Between Infectious Diseases and Cancer
Authors: Richard A. Stein
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dactylone Inhibits Epidermal Growth Factor–Induced Transformation and Phenotype Expression of Human Cancer Cells and Induces G1-S Arrest and Apoptosis
Authors: Sergey N. Fedorov, Larisa K. Shubina, Ann M. Bode, Valentin A. Stonik, Zigang Dong
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The marine natural chamigrane-type sesquiterpenoid, dactylone, is closely related to secondary metabolites of some edible species of red algae. In the present study, the effect of dactylone was tested on the mouse skin epidermal JB6 P+ Cl41 cell line and its stable transfectants as well as on several human tumor cell lines, including lung (H460), colon (HCT-116), and skin melanomas (SK-MEL-5 and SK-MEL-28). This natural product was effective at nontoxic doses as a cancer-preventive agent, which exerted its actions, at least in part, through the inhibition of cyclin D3 and Cdk4 expression and retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (Rb) phosphorylation. The inhibition of these cell cycle components was followed by cell cycle arrest at the G1-S transition with subsequent p53-independent apoptosis. Therefore, these data showed that application of dactylone and related compounds may lead to decreased malignant cell transformation and/or decreased tumor cell proliferation. [Cancer Res 2007;67(12):5914–20]
Reliability of Estimating Ductions in Thyroid Eye Disease
Authors: Peter J. Dolman, Kenneth Cahill, Craig N. Czyz, Raymond S. Douglas, Victor M. Elner, Steven Feldon, Michael Kazim, Mark Lucarelli, Jennifer Sivak-Collcott, Andrew W. Stacey, Diego Strianese, Jimmy Uddin
Journal: Ophthalmology (2011)
Reply
Authors: Guangqin Xiao, Jia Shen, Lunan Yan
Journal: Hepatology (2015)

Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report We thank Dr. Lin and colleagues for their comment on our recent article.1 In our article, we systemically reviewed the published articles about the diagnostic accuracy of two noninvasive models, namely, aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index (APRI) and fibrosis‐4 index (FIB‐4), in diagnosing the severity of hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The main message of our article was that APRI and FIB‐4 can predict liver fibrosis caused by HBV with a moderate accuracy. We further showed that the summary area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of FIB‐4 were greater than those of APRI for the diagnosis of significant fibrosis, advanced fibrosis, and cirrhosis. These results and conclusion were based on the results of 39 studies, which were included in our systemic review and meta‐analysis. Dr Lin et al. may have misunderstood our conclusion. When the AUC value is between 0.7 and 0.9, the diagnostic value of the diagnostic test is moderate. When the AUC value of a diagnostic test is more than 0.9, the ability of this method to diagnose disease is very high and we believe that it can accurately diagnose disease.2 We believe there is no method that can be 100% accurate for diagnosing diseases, and their accuracy is more or less influenced by human and technical factors. At present, no single test can completely replace liver biopsy for diagnosing hepatic fibrosis, but there is hope that this may be accomplished in the future.3 Currently, we think these two kinds of noninvasive methods can be used as the auxiliary method in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis. To a certain degree, the markedly increased values of these two indices can be considered as the warning of the existence of hepatic fibrosis. In the dynamic detection of the values of these two indices, the higher value may suggest the more severe liver fibrosis. According to the results of Dr Lin's study and other studies, we agree with the opinion that these two models cannot be used as a single diagnosing method independently for detecting liver fibrosis. Overall, we think that, although APRI and FIB‐4 cannot be considered as the golden standard for diagnosing liver fibrosis caused by different factors, they can be used as an adjunct diagnostic tool and the alarm of the presence and severity of liver fibrosis.
Abstract LB-342: MicroRNA-130b contributes to mesenchymal differentiation and leiomyosarcomagenesis
Authors: Laura Danielson, Maria Guijarro, Jiri Zavadil, Jianjun Wei, Douglas Levine, Eva Hernando
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a highly aggressive cancer of smooth muscle origin for which the molecular bases of transformation and progression are poorly defined. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that have been implicated in tumor development by acting as tumor suppressors or oncogenes. Therefore, identifying a mechanistic role for miRNAs in the biology of LMS will result in better understanding of this complex disease. Moreover, investigation of miRNAs that may also play a role in smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation might enhance our understanding of this highly undifferentiated neoplasia. MiRNA microarrays previously performed in our lab identified miR130b as upregulated in uterine LMS compared to normal myometrium. The objective of the current study is to investigate the role of this miRNA in SMC differentiation and LMS genesis and progression. Preliminary studies have demonstrated increased proliferation, invasion, and colony formation in LMS cell lines overexpressing miR130b indicating that it may be pro-oncogenic. Moreover, miR130b overexpression in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) induced to differentiate into SMCs inhibited their maturation. Target analysis thus far has revealed that miR130b reduces the levels of its predicted targets Tuberous sclerosis 1, Dicer1, and Connexin 43. Ongoing overexpression and knockdown studies will determine the necessity and sufficiency of miR130b on in vitro tumorigenic properties of LMS cell lines and SMC differentiation of hMSCs. Microarray expression studies and direct target analysis are being used to elucidate the molecules through which miR130b exerts its functions. Additionally, patient samples will be analyzed to determine the relevance of miR130b overexpression in LMS. Genomic amplification will be assessed as a potential mechanism for the increased levels of miR130b in LMS tissues. Human specimens will also be used to investigate correlations between miRNA expression and its direct targets. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-342. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-342
How much will Herceptin really cost?
Authors: Birte Twisselmann
Journal: BMJ (2006)

How much will Herceptin really cost? Balancing local and national priorities is not newEditor-Herceptin for early stage breast cancer is a cost effective treatment, and it is right that the NHS should make it available.The challenge of funding new treatments and balancing local and national priorities is one the NHS has faced since its inception. 1 The process the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) follows for evaluating new medicines is the most rigorous anywhere in the world, and local NHS organisations can have confidence that implementing our recommendations is an effective use of their resources.NICE's independent advisory committees do not rubber stamp decisions.They make them based on an objective and impartial interpretation of the evidence.Those who suggest otherwise should come forward with their evidence for doing so.It is wrong to suggest that a single recommendation from NICE will necessarily cause other services to be reduced and that these decisions are made by clinicians only.Many demands are made on available funds in any hospital at any one time and it is the responsibility of local NHS management, working with their clinical teams, to make the best use of these resources.This difficult job is made easier by NICE guidance and the support tools we offer, such as our commissioning guides and our forthcoming advice on shifting spending from less to more effective treatments.
The use of "fresh" unstented homograft valves for replacement of the aortic valve: analysis of 6 1/2 years experience.
Authors: R Thompson, E Knight, M Ahmed, W Somerville, M Towers, M Yacoub
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Between August 1969 and January 1976, 561 patients underwent homograft replacement of the aortic valve (AVR). Isolated AVR was performed in 339 patients, ranging in age between 18 months and 74 years. The valves were sterilized in antibiotic solution and preserved at 4 degrees C in tissue culture medium. There were 11 early deaths (3.2%) and 23 late deaths (6.8%). Actuarial analysis showed 88% survival at 5 years and 85% at 6 years. Valve failure occurred in 13 patients (3.8%) due to prolapse of one cusp in five patients (1.5%), infective endocarditis in three and degeneration of the graft in five (1.5%). Degenerative valve failure was encountered after the fourth year with an incidence of 3.5% of patients at risk, and occurred only in grafts from donors over the age of 70 years. Diastolic murmurs were present in 22% of patients followed up for more than one month and increased very slightly with time. The clinical result was judged to be good or excellent in approximately 90% of the surviving patients.
Use of the short-term inflammatory response in the mouse peritoneal cavity to assess the biological activity of leached vitreous fibers.
Authors: K Donaldson, J Addison, B G Miller, R T Cullen, J M Davis
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

We used a special-purpose glass microfiber sample, Johns-Manville Code 100/475, to study the effects of various acid and alkali treatments on biological activity as assessed by inflammation in the mouse peritoneal cavity, the leaching of Si, and the phase contrast optical microscopy (PCOM) fiber number. We used mild and medium treatments with oxalic acid and Tris buffer and harsh treatment with concentrated HCl and NaOH. Mild oxalic acid and Tris treatment for 2 weeks had no effect on any of the end-points, but prolonging the mild oxalic acid treatment time to 2 months reduced the biological activity and the fiber number. Medium oxalic acid treatment reduced the biological activity and the fiber number and caused a loss of Si. Medium Tris alkali treatment reduced the PCOM-countable fibers and the biological activity but did not cause a substantial loss of Si. Harsh treatment with strong HCl did not affect the fiber number or cause leaching but the biological activity was reduced; strong NaOH reduced the fiber number and biological activity, and caused marked leaching of Si. The medium oxalic acid conditions (pH 1.4) were more acid than those found in lung cells but produced the same effects (reduction in fiber number and biological activity) as the more physiological mild treatment (pH 4.0), when prolonged. This study suggests that medium oxalic acid treatment can be used as a short-term assay to compare loss of Si, reduction in fiber number, and change in biological activity of vitreous fibers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Upregulation of FcγRIIb on monocytes is necessary to promote the superagonist activity of TGN1412
Authors: Khiyam Hussain, Chantal E. Hargreaves, Ali Roghanian, Robert J. Oldham, H. T. Claude Chan, C. Ian Mockridge, Ferdousi Chowdhury, Bjorn Frendéus, Kirsty S. Harper, Jonathan C. Strefford, Mark S. Cragg, Martin J. Glennie, Anthony P. Williams, Ruth R. French
Journal: Blood (2014)
IB-03 * IDH MUTANT GLIOMAS ARE RESISTANT TO NATURAL KILLER CELL-MEDIATED CYTOLYSIS
Authors: M. Brancho, Y. Chang, X. Zhang, H. Okada, A. Li, P. Grandi, M. Lotze, N. Amankulor
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2) are common in gliomas. 50-80% of WHO II/III gliomas possess IDH1/IDH2 mutation. Methylation-related transcriptional repression is a feature of IDH mutant (IDHmut) tumors. Epigenetic repression of natural killer (NK) cell ligands is a common occurrence in cancer, but it is unknown if this occurs in primary brain tumors. Here, we demonstrate transcriptional repression of NKG2D activating ligands (NKG2DLs) in IDHmut gliomas, and correlate this with decreased susceptibility of IDHmut cells to natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytolysis in vitro. Our data suggest that NK cell-astrocyte contact is required for production of Th1 cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α, and that production of these cytokines is limited in IDHmut astrocytes. We also show that NKG2DL-specific antibody blockade can result in significant reduction in NK-cell mediated cytolysis in vitro. Furthermore, we infect IDHmut cells with JDNI7 virus containing ULBP3 plasmid DNA to induce overexpression of this ligand. Upon ULBP3 overexpression, these cells are significantly more sensitive to NK-cell mediated lysis. Taken together, our data suggest a potential immune surveillance role for the NKG2DL, ULBP3, during IDHmut gliomagenesis.
Pressor Responses to Noxious Stimuli in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: ALVIN P. SHAPIRO
Journal: Circulation (1962)

The pressor and pulse rate responses to three standardized noxious stimuli were determined in groups of hypertensive patients receiving reserpine and chlorothiazide, alone and in combination. Although the drugs caused a significant decline in resting blood pressure, they failed to diminish the actual magnitude of the elevations in pressure and heart rate resulting from either physical or psychological stimuli. The possible physiological interpretations and the therapeutic implications of these data have been pointed out.
Bone Mineral Density in Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Authors: Angelo M. Taveira-DaSilva, Mario P. Stylianou, Carolyn J. Hedin, Olanda Hathaway, Joel Moss
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

Estrogen deficiency and pulmonary diseases are associated with bone mineral density (BMD) loss. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), a disorder affecting women that is characterized by cystic lung lesions, is frequently treated with antiestrogen therapy, i.e., progesterone and/or oophorectomy. Therefore, we evaluated BMD yearly in 211 LAM patients to determine the prevalence of BMD abnormalities, whether antiestrogen therapy decreased BMD, and if treatment with bisphosphonates prevented bone loss. Abnormal BMD was found in 70% of the patients and correlated with severity of lung disease and age. Greater severity of lung disease, menopause, and oophorectomy were associated with greater decline in BMD. After adjusting for differences in initial lung function and BMD, we found similar rates of BMD decline in progesterone-treated (n = 122) and untreated patients (n = 89). After similar adjustments, we found that bisphosphonate-treated patients (n = 98) had lower rates of decline in lumbar spine BMD (-0.004 +/- 0.003 vs. -0.015 +/- 0.003 gm/cm(2), p = 0.036) and T-scores (-0.050 +/- 0.041 vs. -0.191 +/- 0.041, p < 0.001) than untreated patients (n = 113). We conclude that abnormal BMD was frequent in LAM. Progesterone therapy was not associated with changes in BMD; bisphosphonate therapy was associated with lower rates of bone loss. We recommend systematic evaluation of BMD and early treatment with bisphosphonates for patients with LAM.