tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Obesity Among Adults With Disabling Conditions
Authors: Evette Weil
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Context Obesity, a leading cause of preventable death and chronic disease, is associated with disability.Little is known about obesity among adults with specific disabilities.Objectives To determine the prevalence of obesity in adults with physical and sensory limitations and serious mental illness. Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe 1994-1995 National Health Interview Survey of 145007 US community-dwelling respondents, 25626 of whom had 1 or more disabilities.Main Outcome Measures Likelihood of being obese, attempting weight loss, and receiving exercise counseling among adults with and without disabilities. ResultsAmong adults with disabilities, 24.9% were obese vs 15.1% of those without disabilities.After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, adults with a disability were more likely to be obese, with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 1.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-2.0).The highest risk occurred among adults with some (AOR, 2.4; 95% CI, 2.3-2.5) or severe (AOR, 2.5; 95% CI, 2.3-2.7)lower extremity mobility difficulties.After further adjustment for comorbid conditions, adults with disabilities were as likely to attempt weight loss as those without disabilities, except for adults with severe lower extremity mobility difficulties, who were less likely (AOR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.5-0.9]),and adults with mental illness, who were more likely (AOR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2-1.8).Physician exercise counseling was reported less often among adults with severe lower extremity (AOR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.4-0.7)and upper extremity (AOR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.5-1.0)mobility difficulties. ConclusionObesity appears to be more prevalent in adults with sensory, physical, and mental health conditions.Health care practitioners should address weight control and exercise among adults with disabilities.
association between HERG K897T polymorphism and QT interval in middle-aged finnish women
Authors: Eeva Pietilä, Heidi Fodstad, Elmo Niskasaari, P.äivi J Laitinen, Heikki Swan, Markku Savolainen, Y.Antero Kesäniemi, Kimmo Kontula, Heikki V Huikuri
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Interaction of Radiation Therapy With Molecular Targeted Agents
Authors: Zachary S. Morris, Paul M. Harari
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

The development of molecular targeted therapeutics in oncology builds on many years of scientific investigation into the cellular mechanics of malignant transformation and progression. The past two decades have brought an accelerating pace to the clinical investigation of new molecular targeted agents, particularly in the setting of metastatic disease. The integration of molecular targeted agents into phase III clinical trial design has lagged in the curative treatment setting, particularly in combination with established therapeutic modalities such as radiation. In this review, we discuss the interaction of radiation and molecular targeted therapeutics. The dynamics of cellular and tumor response to radiation offer unique opportunities for beneficial interplay with molecular targeted agents that may go unrecognized with conventional screening and monotherapy clinical testing of novel agents. By using epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) as a primary example, we discuss recent clinical studies that illustrate the potential synergy of molecular targeted agents with radiation and highlight the clinical value of such interactions. For various molecular targeted agents, their greatest clinical impact may rest in combination with radiation, and efforts to facilitate systematic investigation of this approach appear highly warranted.
Disorders of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Disorders of the Liver, Nutritional Disorders
Authors: DUANE W. Taebel
Journal: JAMA (1977)

As medical knowledge has expanded, so has the heft of standard textbooks of medicine, to the point where lap support is almost impossible without risk to the abdominal contents. Perhaps because of this, the publishers of this new textbook of medicine have presented it in multiple volumes, each of which is conveniently sized and easy to handle. The first volume deals with digestive, liver, and nutritional diseases. The authors, well known for their expertise in their particular topics, have certainly been able to project current concepts into the subject matter. Each organ system is discussed according to basic concepts relating to anatomy and physiology, diagnostic techniques to evaluate that particular organ system, and the differential approach to clinical syndromes related to that organ. Finally, specific diseases of the organ itself are discussed separately. It is with the basic concepts where the authors are most adept at succinctly and comprehensively presenting
REFERENCE PREPARATION FOR ASSAY OF SOME PREGNANCY AND CANCER ASSOCIATED PROTEINS
Authors: H. Bohn, J.G. Grudzinskas, S. Rosen, M. Seppala, Y.S. Tatarinov, T. Chard, A. Klopper, P. Schultz-Larsen, P. Sizaret, B. Teisner
Journal: The Lancet (1980)
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LARGE AND SMALL ARTERY ELASTICITY AND NT-PRO B-TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE: RESULTS OF THE MULTI-ETHNIC STUDY FOR ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: Daniel A. Duprez, David Jacobs, David Bluemke, Joao Lima, Hossein Bahrami, Carmen Peralta, Michael Criqui, Lori Daniels, Alan Maisel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Chronic granulomatous disease. Diagnosis in a 27-year-old man with Mycobacterium fortuitum
Authors: M. J. Chusid
Journal: JAMA (1975)

SURVIVAL beyond adolescence is unusual in chronic granulomatous disease of childhood because of a marked susceptibility to serious bacterial and fungal infection. 1 Therefore, diagnosis of this disease in patients older than 18 years of age is rarely reported. 2,3 Recently, we have diagnosed chronic granulomatous disease in a 27-year-old man suffering from atypical mycobacterial pneumonitis and osteomyelitis.  Report of a Case  A 27-year-old man was referred to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). He had had pneumonitis for two months, and his past history included a staphylococcal thigh abscess and several bouts of facial cellulitis. The patient's 12-year-old sister was known to have chronic granulomatous disease complicated by chronic Nocardia osteomyelitis, and a brother had died of disseminated tuberculosis at 1 year of age.  Two months prior to referral, pleuritic chest pain developed with fever, night sweats, chills, and a 13.5-kg (30-lb) weight loss. A chest x-ray film showed
NFAT signalling and the differentiation of coronary smooth muscle cells
Authors: T. Brand
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

Development of the heart is complex and cells with different embryonic origins participate in cardiac organogenesis. The first and second heart fields deliver cells to generate the atrial and ventricular chambers and also participate in venous inflow and arterial outflow tract formation. There are also important cellular contributions from two extra-cardiac cell populations, i.e. cardiac neural crest cells and the pro-epicardium.1 The neural crest cells populate the outflow tract, are involved in septation of the arterial pole into the aorta and pulmonary trunk, and contribute to the smooth muscle layer of these large vessels. The pro-epicardium forms at the venous pole of the heart as a cauliflower-like cluster, which establishes contact to the myocardial surface and through proliferation and migration rapidly invest the myocardium to establish the epicardium. The embryonic epicardium gives rise to epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs) that undergo epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and migrate into the myocardial wall to participate in coronary artery formation and to differentiate into interstitial and perivascular fibroblasts ( Figure 1 ).4 



Figure 1 
Model of coronary smooth muscle differentiation by calcineurin/NFAT signalling. The adult myocardium consists of three tissue layers, i.e. the endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium. In the embryo, cells from the epicardium undergo EMT and form a migratory cell population, which has been termed epicardium-derived cells (EPDC). These cells will migrate into the subepicardium or into the ventricular wall and give rise to interstitial or adventitial fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells of the coronary arteries, while their contribution to the coronary endothelium is uncertain. The epicardium secretes signals (IGF2, PDGF), which stimulate myocardial proliferation resulting in chamber wall expansion, whereas the …
Biological Psychology: An Introduction to Behavioral, Cognitive, and Clinical Neuroscience
Authors: Richard J. Bodnar
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Virtue and Medicine: Explorations in the Character of Medicine
Authors: John A. Mihalevich
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<i>Virtue and Medicine</i>is a 355-page collection of essays primarily written by philosophers and ethicists dealing with the emerging trend of "virtue-based" theory in modern ethics supplementing or replacing the concepts of "duty-based" or "rights-based" ethical theory. The essays explore issues of character (virtue) in relation to issues of conduct or rules and regulations in formulating ethical behavior, particularly as related to medicine. The book is intended for philosophers, physicians, ethicists, and historians of medicine. Unfortunately, the discipline of philosophy, dealing more in the abstract, and the practice of medicine, dealing more with the real life situations, like oil and water, may interface but never really mix. For this reason, the book as a whole will be unappealing to many physicians. There are, however, several interesting and thought-provoking essays in this collection. The book initially provides a historical analysis of virtue beginning with classical Greek thought, in which health was
Abstract 2204: Loss of heterozygosity in ameloblastic odontogenic tumors
Authors: Carolina C. Gomes, Calrice F. Galvão, Marina G. Diniz, Luiz De Marco, Paula S. Macedo, Pablo A. Vargas, Adalberto M. Taylor, Ricardo S. Gomez
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The interrelationship of the odontogenic lesions consisting of odontogenic epithelium with odontogenic ectomesenchyme has not been established. To give further insight into the molecular pathogenesis of these odontogenic tumors, the present study investigated allelic loss of a panel of tumor suppressor genes. Six samples of ameloblastic fibroma (AF), 3 cases of ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO) and 3 ameloblastic fibrosarcomas (AFS) were included in the study. We observed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in 2/6 samples of AF in at least one of the analyzed markers and loss in all the three samples of AFO and AFS in more than one marker. Results are shown in table 1. For the markers AFM238WF2(CHRNB1) and P53, LOH was found all the three types of lesion studied. However, the markers D3S1293, D9S157 and D9S171 showed LOH only in AFS and none of the samples included in the study showed LOH of D11S1369 and D3S1029 markers. LOH was observed for the marker D9S162 in only one sample of AFO. Our data show that AFS have distinct patterns of LOH in tumor suppressor genes compared to their benign counterparts and allelic loss of some markers may be related to tumor behavior, as AFS is a malignant odontogenic tumor and the others are benign entities. This study was supported by FAPEMIG and CAPES, Brazil. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2204. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2204
Nilotinib treatment-associated accelerated atherosclerosis: when is the risk justified?
Authors: A Tefferi
Journal: Leukemia (2013)

Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death and morbidity in developed countries and is the culprit behind coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebral vascular disease (CVD) and peripheral artery occlusive disease (PAOD).Atherosclerosis leads to segmental narrowing and occlusion of arteries, and current opinion favors a complex pathogenetic process that involves the endothelium, platelets, monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, T and B lymphocytes, lipids, inflammation and chemokines/cytokines.Two papers in Leukemia recently reported the prevalence of PAOD in tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-treated patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) 1,2 Conflict of interest statements declared 'editorial assistance' from Novartis pharmaceuticals (manufacturer of nilotinib and imatinib) for one of the reports 2 My comments will focus on the other report by Kim et al., 1 who prospectively screened 129 CML patients for pathological PAOD, using ankle-brachial index (ABI).Pathological PAOD (defined by o0.9 ABI) was documented in 6.3% of patients receiving imatinib as first-line therapy, 26% receiving nilotinib as first-line therapy and 35.7% receiving nilotinib as second-line therapy (Po0.05).Clinically overt PAOD was seen in five patients, all of whom were exposed to nilotinib therapy.The detrimental effect of nilotinib was evident despite a shorter duration of treatment (median 30 vs 102 months for imatinib).Cardiovascular risk factors were similar between the two groups.In the second part of their study, Kim et al. 1 reviewed 27 cases of TKI treatment-associated overt PAOD accrued from several collaborating centers and discovered that all but one of these patients were exposed to nilotinib therapy, including 20 patients who were receiving nilotinib as first-or second-line treatment of CP-CML.These events were severe enough to require percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in 33.3% of the cases, stent implantation in 22.2%, amputation in 22.2% and surgery in 18.5%.The observations from Kim et al. 1 are consistent with those of earlier 3,4 and more recent 5,6 reports associating nilotinib with accelerated atherosclerosis.Aichberger et al. 3 reported a 33% incidence of PAOD, myocardial infarction, spinal infarction or subdural hematoma, among 24 CML patients treated with nilotinib.Tefferi et al. 4 described two patients who experienced sudden death or severe PAOD/CAD; continued nilotinib treatment in the latter patient was associated with rapid progression of intraand extracranial atherosclerosis leading to stroke. 6Most recently, Levato et al. 5 reported their single-institution experience with 82 CML patients treated with imatinib (n ¼ 55) or nilotinib (n ¼ 27); four (14.8%) nilotinib-treated patients developed severe PAOD or other vascular disease.In contrast, none of the 55 imatinib-treated patients developed PAOD and only one experienced myocardial
TRAUMATIC OSSIFICATION OF TENDON
Authors: S. F. A. Charles
Journal: BMJ (1912)

UNDEI this term one would first associate the ossification of tlle adductors met with in horsemen, and which receives tlle special appellation of " rider's bone."Or, again, we mlay think of another common example occulring in the deltoid muscle, usually seen amongst soldiers, the "drill bone."These two coinditions are explained by the detachment of periosteal fibres consequent upon somiie straini; these fibres still continue to perform their functions, and so give rise to the bony formiiation found in the tendon of the muscle.Apart froni the foregoing, bony conditions occur- ring in either the tendons or m-iuscles are rarely nlet, so it may be of interest to record the hiistory and histology of thc following example.In the first place, allow me to state tllat I wisli to demonstrate not a.periosteal bony formationi, but an acttual ietamorphosis of tendon fibres inlto cancellouk bone. A. S., mate on a coal barge, six montlhs before lie camle
Effect of Reductions in Respiratory Therapy on Patient Outcome
Authors: Joseph D. Zibrak, Patricia Rossetti, Elizabeth Wood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Abstract In 1981–1982, a Massachusetts Hospital Association and Massachusetts Blue Cross–Blue Shield task force reviewing ancillary services found that the use of respiratory therapy at New England Deaconess Hospital far exceeded the statewide average. These findings led to a hospital-wide effort to reduce ancillary services. As part of this effort, we studied the effect of the reductions in respiratory therapy on patient outcome. At the beginning of the study, senior respiratory therapists advised physicians about the optimal use of various respiratory-therapy services, including their discontinuation when no longer necessary. One year after the intervention began, we analyzed the use of respiratory therapy by employing data-collection techniques that were identical to those used by the task force. Marked reductions in all categories of respiratory therapy had occurred, but morbidity and mortality from pulmonary disorders had not increased. In the largest group studied — patients undergoing coronary-artery bypass surgery — the charges for respiratory therapy, the length of hospital stay, and pulmonary complications had all decreased. We conclude that consistent application of prescribed guidelines for respiratory therapy results in marked decreases in its use and that such decreases can be achieved without a reduction in the quality of care. (N Engl J Med 1986; 315:292–5.)
Comparison Studies Needed Before New Lasers Join the Medical Mainstream
Authors: Terra Ziporyn
Journal: JAMA (1987)

WHAT IS the laser's future? John Parrish, MD, professor of dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, and director, Wellman Research Laboratories, is among those who are pondering that question. He observes that, until recently, physicians had to adapt laser systems originally designed for industry to meet medical needs. Now, he says, increased knowledge of laser-tissue interactions is making possible laser technology to meet specific medical applications. Myron L. Wolbarsht, PhD, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, adds that now surgeons can hope to optimize the laser's effects by specifying wavelength, pulse duration, peak power, and beam characteristics. "We will see in the future," he predicts, "that a surgeon will have a choice of a laser that is tailored to a specific purpose or the use of a combination of lasers that can be changed in the course of the operation as the need for ablation, coagulation, or tissue bonding arises."
Case study of intracerebral plasmacytoma as an initial presentation of multiple myeloma
Authors: Aurelia Wavre, Audrey S. Baur, Michael Betz, Dominique Mühlematter, Martine Jotterand, Khalil Zaman, Nicolas Ketterer
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2007)

Cerebral involvement is an uncommon complication of multiple myeloma. We report on a 64-year-old man hospitalized for a partial seizure. MRI showed two intracerebral lesions, which proved to be plasmacytomas. After complete staging, we retained the diagnosis of immunoglobulin G lambda-type multiple myeloma with CNS involvement. Cytogenetic analysis of plasma cells detected a deletion in the p53 gene at 17p13.1. Despite cranial radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy, the patient's disease progressed rapidly and he died five months after diagnosis. What makes this case unusual is that overt multiple myeloma had been absent before cerebral involvement was discovered. It confirms the extremely poor prognosis of patients with CNS myeloma even in the presence of aggressive treatment. Cytogenetic abnormalities could be a marker of chromosomal and genetic instability, conferring to multiple myeloma a more aggressive profile.
Preventing Anticoagulant-Related Bleeding
Authors: Bruce Davidson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 January 1993Preventing Anticoagulant-Related BleedingBruce Davidson, MDBruce Davidson, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-2-199301150-00029 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their excellent article on guideline-based consultation to prevent anticoagulant-related bleeding [1], Drs. Landefeld and Anderson recommend administering “intravenous heparin by continuous infusion to attain an activated partial thromboplastin time (APT) of 1.5 to 2.5 times that patient's baseline value,” and cite reference 42. This study used an activated partial thromboplastin time between 55 and 75 seconds rather than some multiple of each patient's baseline APT to adjust heparin therapy. Most recommendations for heparin dosing for treatment of established deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism do not refer to the patient's baseline APT but to a mean ...References1. Landefeld CS, Anderson PA. Guideline-based consultation to prevent anticoagulant-related bleeding. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 116:829-37. Google Scholar2. Hull RD, Raskob GE, Hirsh J, Jay RM, Ledera JR, Geerts WH, et al. Continuous intravenous heparin compared with intermittent subcutaneous heparin in the initial treatment of proximal-vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med. 1986; 315:1109-14. Google Scholar3. Hirsh J. Drug therapy: heparin. N Engl J Med 1991; 324:1565-1574. Google Scholar4. Hyers TM, Hull RD, Weg JG. Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic disease. Chest. 1989; 95(Suppl)37S-51S. Google Scholar5. Hirsh J. Substandard monitoring of warfarin in North America. Arch Intern Med. 1992; 152:257-8. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 January 1993Volume 118, Issue 2Page: 158-159KeywordsDeep vein thrombosisHemorrhageHemostasisHeparinInternational normalized ratioPartial thromboplastin timeProthrombin timePulmonary embolismThrombosis Issue Published: 15 January 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Randomised trials of flexible sigmoidoscopy
Authors: W. Atkin, I. Kralj-Hans, J. Wardle, S. Duffy
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Bretthauer’s editorial contains two incorrect statements about the outcomes of the UK flexible sigmoidoscopy trial (UKFSST).1 2

Firstly, the subtitle, “Flexible sigmoidoscopy shows promise, but randomised trial data are needed,” is misleading because UKFSST is a randomised controlled trial. It involved 170 000 people and reduced the mortality of colorectal cancer by 43% and incidence by 33% in screening attenders.

Secondly, the absolute …