tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sequence Variants of Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Susceptibility to Prostate Cancer
Authors: Yen-Ching Chen, Edward Giovannucci, Ross Lazarus, Peter Kraft, Shamika Ketkar, David J. Hunter
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Chronic inflammation has been hypothesized to be a risk factor for prostate cancer. The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) presents the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which interacts with ligand-binding protein and CD14 (LPS receptor) and activates expression of inflammatory genes through nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. A previous case-control study found a modest association of a polymorphism in the TLR4 gene [11381G/C, GG versus GC/CC: odds ratio (OR), 1.26] with risk of prostate cancer. We assessed if sequence variants of TLR4 were associated with the risk of prostate cancer. In a nested case-control design within the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, we identified 700 participants with prostate cancer diagnosed after they had provided a blood specimen in 1993 and before January 2000. Controls were 700 age-matched men without prostate cancer who had had a prostate-specific antigen test after providing a blood specimen. We genotyped 16 common (&amp;gt;5%) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) discovered in a resequencing study spanning TLR4 to test for association between sequence variation in TLR4 and prostate cancer. Homozygosity for the variant alleles of eight SNPs was associated with a statistically significantly lower risk of prostate cancer (TLR4_1893, TLR4_2032, TLR4_2437, TLR4_7764, TLR4_11912, TLR4_16649, TLR4_17050, and TLR4_17923), but the TLR4_15844 polymorphism corresponding to 11381G/C was not associated with prostate cancer (GG versus CG/CC: OR, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 0.79-1.29). Six common haplotypes (cumulative frequency, 81%) were observed; the global test for association between haplotypes and prostate cancer was statistically significant (χ2 = 14.8 on 6 degrees of freedom; P = 0.02). Two common haplotypes were statistically significantly associated with altered risk of prostate cancer. Inherited polymorphisms of the innate immune gene TLR4 are associated with risk of prostate cancer. (Cancer Res 2005; 65(24): 11771-8)
Prehospital management of severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: C. L Hammell, J D Henning
Journal: BMJ (2009)

#### Summary points

#### Sources and selection criteria

We searched Medline 1980-2008, Pubmed and the Cochrane library for clinical trials and reviews. The medical subject headings “head injury”, “brain injury”, “trauma”, “prehospital”, and combinations thereof were used. Individual therapeutic options (such as “mannitol”) were also searched for. Search results were individually reviewed and manually cross referenced. Reference lists were searched for additional works. Priority was given to review articles, meta analyses, and well designed large trials. The websites www.braintraumafoundation.org, www.trauma.org, and www.east.org were also searched for additional information.

Traumatic brain injury is a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in the UK. An estimated 11 000 people per year sustain a severe traumatic brain injury, mostly between ages 15 and 29 years.1 Patients with severe traumatic brain injury have a high mortality rate (30-50%) and many survivors will have persistent severe neurological disability.2 Prompt identification and appropriate early management of traumatic brain injury is essential to optimise outcome, however, few guidelines are available for clinicians on management in the challenging prehospital environment. The 2007 report by the national enquiry into patient outcome and death on the provision of trauma services in the UK3 highlighted concerns about prehospital management of airways and …
India is among top five countries for mortality in children under 5
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Preterm birth complications killed more than 300 000 Indian children under 5 in 2013, a new analysis has found. 

India was among the five countries with the highest rates of mortality in under 5s last year, with 1.3 million deaths. The other four were Nigeria, Pakistan, China, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.1

The analysis, published in the Lancet , was carried out by Li Liu of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore, …
Does complete deficiency of muscle α actinin 3 alter functional capacity in elderly women? A preliminary report: Table 1
Authors: A F San Juan, F Gomez-Gallego, S Cañete, C Santiago, M Pérez, A Lucia
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2005)

The sarcomeric protein alpha actinin 3 is localised to the Z line of fast fibres, which are responsible for generating forceful muscle contractions at high velocity. However, a substantial proportion of healthy humans are totally deficient in this protein as they are homozygous for a premature stop codon polymorphism (R577X) in the ACTN3 gene. The purpose of this preliminary study was to assess if the presence or absence of alpha actinin 3 influences the deleterious effects of ageing on muscle output and functional capacity.
Shall The Journal be Removed to Washington?
Authors: Philip Dickes
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have read the arguments pro and con, anent the removal ofThe Journal. My vote is with Chicago, believing it to be to the best interests ofThe Journalto remain where it is. Would it not be well to request every member of the Association to send a postal card with his vote, not later than April 4. I believe we are all interested enough to do this, and in this way it will not costThe Journalmuch to find out which side has the majority. Boundary, Ind., March 7, 1891.
Bolus or Intravenous Infusion of Ranitidine: Effects on Gastric pH and Acid Secretion
Authors: M. Arturo Ballesteros
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Study Objective: To compare the effects of intravenous bolus injection of ranitidine, continuous intravenous infusion of ranitidine, and placebo on gastric pH, acid secretion, and plasma ranitidine concentration during a 24-hour period, and to determine by survey the use, delivery methods, and costs of histamine H2-receptor antagonists in intensive care units. Design: Double-blind, Latin-square randomized, prospective measurement of the gastric pH, acid output, and plasma ranitidine concentration over 24 hours in response to six treatment regimens in 12 patients with inactive duodenal ulcer. Eight regional hospitals were surveyed to obtain information on the use of histamine H2-receptor antagonists. Interventions: Gastric acid secretion, pH, and plasma ranitidine were monitored for 24 hours on six separate days in response to placebo, intravenous bolus injection of ranitidine (50 mg every 8 hours and 75 mg every 12 hours), and continuous intravenous infusion of ranitidine (75, 150, and 300 mg every 24 hours). Measurements and Main Results: Intravenous infusions were significantly more effective than bolus injections. After bolus injections, hourly gastric pH values fluctuated widely, from 7.6 to 1.6, whereas during continuous infusion of 150 mg and 300 mg, hourly pH values were 3.8 or greater. The gastric pH was greater than 4.0 in 75% ± 5% and 83% + 6% of determinations done during continuous intravenous infusion of 150 mg and 300 mg, respectively. Fluctuations in the plasma ranitidine concentration corresponded with changes in gastric pH and acid secretion. Histamine H2-receptor antagonists were prescribed for about 75% of patients in intensive care units and were most commonly administered by bolus rather than infusion (5:1); the cost was approximately $40 per day less by infusion. Conclusions: On the basis of both efficacy and cost, intermittent bolus injections should be discontinued and replaced by continuous intravenous infusion in hospitalized patients requiring treatment with histamine H2-receptor antagonists. If ranitidine is used, either 150 mg or 300 mg administered as a 24-hour continuous infusion is most effective.
CD8<sup>+</sup> T-Lymphocytes in Peripheral Airways of Smokers with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: MARINA SAETTA, ANTONINO Di STEFANO, GRAZIELLA TURATO, FABRIZIO M. FACCHINI, LAURA CORBINO, CRISTINA E. MAPP, PIERO MAESTRELLI, ADALBERTO CIACCIA, LEONARDO M. FABBRI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

To investigate whether the inflammatory process in peripheral airways is different in smokers who develop symptoms of chronic bronchitis and chronic airflow limitation and in asymptomatic smokers who do not develop chronic airflow limitation, we examined surgical specimens obtained from 16 smokers undergoing lung resection for localized pulmonary lesions. Nine had symptoms of chronic bronchitis and chronic airflow limitation and seven were asymptomatic with normal lung function. In peripheral airways, immunohistochemical methods were performed to identify neutrophils, macrophages, CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes infiltrating the airway wall, and morphometric methods were used to measure the internal perimeter, the airway wall area, and the smooth muscle area. The number of CD8+ T-lymphocytes and the smooth muscle area were increased in smokers with symptoms of chronic bronchitis and chronic airflow limitation as compared with asymptomatic smokers with normal lung function, while the number of neutrophils, macrophages, and CD4+ T-lymphocytes were similar in the two groups of subjects examined. We concluded that smokers who develop symptoms of chronic bronchitis and chronic airflow limitation have an increased number of CD8+ T-lymphocytes and an increased smooth muscle area in the peripheral airways as compared with asymptomatic smokers with normal lung function, supporting the important role of CD8+ T-lymphocytes and airway remodeling in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Clinical Manifestations of Fibromuscular Dysplasia Vary by Patient Sex
Authors: Esther S.H. Kim, Jeffrey W. Olin, James B. Froehlich, Xiaokui Gu, J. Michael Bacharach, Bruce H. Gray, Michael R. Jaff, Barry T. Katzen, Eva Kline-Rogers, Pamela D. Mace, Alan H. Matsumoto, Robert D. McBane, Christopher J. White, Heather L. Gornik
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
INFLUENZA
Authors: Herman T. Blumenthal, Donald Greiff, Henry Pinkerton, Robert DeWitt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1950)

Groups of embryonated eggs infected with the PR8 strain of influenza virus A were incubated at 34 degrees , 37.5 degrees , and 40 degrees C. At frequent intervals, for periods ranging up to 96 hours, pooled allantoic fluids were tested simultaneously for infectivity and hemagglutination. After about 12 hours of virus growth, fluids often showed infectivity titres greater than 10(-5), but were incapable of causing hemagglutination. At later time intervals, marked disagreement between the two tests for viral activity was noted at all temperatures, but most strikingly at 40 degrees C. Hemagglutination titres were highest and best sustained in eggs incubated at 34 degrees C., while incubation at 37.5 degrees C. resulted in the highest and best sustained infectivity titres. Hemagglutination titre determinations do not reflect accurately the rate of influenza virus multiplication. Possible reasons for the lack of correspondence between hemagglutination and infectivity are discussed.
Prolactin Deficiency in Pseudohypoparathyroidism
Authors: Harold E. Carlson, Arnold S. Brickman, Gian Franco Bottazzo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Because thyrotropin deficiency may occur in pseudohypoparathyroidism, we studied pituitary function in two families with this condition. Six of eight patients had impaired pituitary prolactin secretion after administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and chlorpromazine, with preservation of other anterior pituitary functions. Peak serum prolactin levels after thyrotropin-releasing hormone and chlorpromazine in the prolactin-deficient patients were significantly lower than normal. Administration of diethylstilbestrol for five days, which normally enhances prolactin responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone, had no effect on prolactin secretion in these patients. Although antilactotroph antibodies were not demonstrable, hypothyroidism or decreased thyroid reserve in four and antithyroid and antiparietal-cell antibodies in several family members suggest that an associated autoimmune process may be responsible for the prolactin deficiency.
Implementing health reform in the US is going to require huge change, briefing told
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Implementing the new US health reform bill will be as difficult as getting it through Congress, a policy specialist told a large briefing for congressional staff in Washington, DC, on 30 April.

Scott Keefer, from the Center for Policy and Research at the trade group America’s Health Insurance Plans, said that reform was an “opportunity to transform or simplify administrative structures.”

Even before the reform bill was passed the insurance industry was working with hospital and doctors’ groups in Ohio and New Jersey to create pilot programmes for a unified payment system, with standardised forms for claims and disability information.

He compared the new payment system to …
US black women are less likely to have genetic tests for breast cancer
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Black women who have close relatives with breast or ovarian cancer are nearly five times less likely to be offered genetic testing for these cancers than white women, a US study reported this week.

The case-control study looked at 408 women receiving primary healthcare services from the University of Pennsylvania Health System who had a first degree or second degree relative with breast or ovarian cancer ( JAMA 2005;293: 1729-36). The women were followed up from December 1999 to …
Successful prevention of recurrent nasal polyposis by means of systemic low-dose IFN-[alpha ]2a
Authors: Margit A. Huber, Helmut Gall, Kerstin Geth[ouml ]ffer, Guido M[uuml ]hlmeier, Heinz Maier, Ralf U. Peter
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2001)
Abstract 2482: Bat3 facilitates histone H3 lysine 79 dimethylation by DOT1L to promote ionizing radiation-induced 53BP1 foci formation during G1- and G2-phases of the cell cycle
Authors: Timothy P. Wakeman, Junjie Feng, Xiao-fan Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract DOT1L is a unique histone methyltransferase involved in normal cellular metabolism and in the initiation of certain leukemias. DOT1L specifically methylates histone H3 at K79, promoting the interaction of H3 with various binding partners. 53BP1, a component of the DNA damage response machinery, has been shown to interact with H3 K79-diMe following exposure to ionizing radiation; however, it remains unclear if this modification is required for 53BP1 foci formation as 53BP1 interacts with histone H4 K20-diMe with a much higher efficiency. Here, we clarify the role of H3 K79-diMe by demonstrating that this modification contributes to IR-induced 53BP1 foci formation during G1- and G2-phases of the cell cycle, but is negligible during S-phase. Further, we describe an essential role for HLA-B-associated transcript 3 (Bat3) in regulating this process. Bat3 co-localizes with DOT1L at histone H3, and Bat3 knockdown results in decreased DOT1L-H3 interaction and H3 K79-diMe, leading to a reduction in IR-induced 53BP1 foci formation. Bat3-depleted cells also exhibit defects in DNA repair and increased sensitivity to IR. We demonstrate that a conserved ubiquitin-like motif of Bat3 and a conserved DOT1L ubiquitin interacting motif are required for DOT1L-Bat3 interaction, which promotes efficient H3 K79-diMe and IR-induced 53BP1 foci formation. Taken together, our data identify a novel role for Bat3 in regulating DOT1L function. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2482. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2482
Long-term Treatment of Epistaxis with Oestrogens
Authors: E. K. Blackburn
Journal: BMJ (1963)

The object of this paper is to report the long-term efficiency of relatively low doses of oestrogens in the treatment of severe epistaxis in a brother and sister suffering from hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia and in a patient with maxillary sinusitis unassociated with hereditary disease.
Aurora and IKK kinases cooperatively interact to protect multiple myeloma cells from Apo2L/TRAIL
Authors: Laura Mazzera, Guerino Lombardi, Manuela Abeltino, Micaela Ricca, Gaetano Donofrio, Nicola Giuliani, Anna Maria Cantoni, Attilio Corradi, Antonio Bonati, Paolo Lunghi
Journal: Blood (2013)
The Isolation of Thyroxine
Authors: Martin L. Nusynowitz
Journal: JAMA (1983)

How fitting that on Christmas day, 1914, while the armies of Europe were locked in mortal combat, there was isolated the substance that would be the salvation of unnumbered thousands afflicted with hypothyroidism, bringing to them life and well-being. On that day, Edward C. Kendall crystallized and isolated thyroxine, enabling the determination of its chemistry.<sup>1</sup>Within 12 years, Harrington and Barger<sup>2</sup>were able to delineate its structure and synthesize the hormone. Kendall's accomplishment was the capstone of more than 40 years of work on hypothyroidism. In 1871, Fagge<sup>3</sup>described spontaneous cretinism and speculated on the appearance of the disease occurring in adults, and three years later, Gull<sup>4</sup>first described adult myxedema. Although thyroid extirpation experiments in animals were occurring about this time, the association between Gull's disease and the thyroid gland was not well established until two Swiss surgeons, Reverdin and Kocher,<sup>5,6</sup>reported on the
The weirdest people in the world are a harbinger of the future of the world
Authors: Paul Rozin
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Although North American undergraduates represent about 0.2% of humanity, and a very unrepresentative subset, they actually provide an advance look at what humanity is becoming. In the face of globalization, this is all the more reason to study the wonderful variants of the human condition before they become homogenized.
Medicine in People's Republic of China.
Authors: Tsung O. Cheng
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1973Medicine in People's Republic of China.Tsung O. Cheng, M.D., F.A.C.P.Tsung O. Cheng, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-835_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptBeing one of the few American physicians and the first Chinese-born born doctor of medicine to have visited the People's Republic of China in the last 22 years, I wish to share some of my experiences with my colleagues in this country. Among the many exciting medical developments in China are the revitalization of traditional medicine, emergence of barefoot doctors, synthesis of insulin, successful reattachment of severed fingers and limbs, complete eradication of venereal diseases, successful chemotherapy of metastasizing choriocarcinoma, and acupuncture anesthesia. The last is a typical example of great success resulting from integration of traditional and Western medicine.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Tsung O. Cheng, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Washington, D.C. Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byResearch trends from 1992 to 2022 of acupuncture anesthesia: a bibliometric analysis 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 835-835KeywordsAcupunctureAnesthesiaChemotherapyChinese peopleInsulinSexually transmitted diseasesTraditional medicine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF downloadLoading ...
High Energy Phosphates and the Force of Contraction of Cardiac Muscle
Authors: John V. Taggart, ROBERT F. FURCHGOTT, KWANG SOO LEE
Journal: Circulation (1961)

This paper reviews studies performed by the authors and by others on the levels of high energy phosphate compounds—adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and creatine phosphate (CP)—of cardiac muscle under various conditions influencing contractile force. Interference with energy metabolism decreases both contractile force and high energy phosphates, especially CP. Certain types of experimental "failure" are associated with decreases in high energy phosphates; however, other types of "failure" occur without significant decreases in these phosphates. In addition, marked decreases or increases in contractile force, independent of significant changes in high energy phosphates, can be produced by drugs, by changes in heart rate, or by alterations in extracellular concentrations of cations. A decrease in force when levels of high energy phosphate are normal may be attributed to a deficiency in the utilization of these energy stores for mechanical work. The nature of this deficiency has been analyzed in isolated cat papillary muscles by simultaneously determining the activity oxygen consumption and contractile force per beat. In the case of decreases in contractile force due either to reduced heart rate or to spontaneous heart failure, the deficiency may be attributed almost completely to a loss in efficiency in the conversion of chemical energy in the high energy phosphates to mechanical energy (work). Cardiac glycosides, in restoring contractile force, do so by restoring the efficiency of this conversion. In the case of decreases in contractile force resulting from lowered extracellular Ca ++ , the deficiency may be attributed partly to a loss of efficiency in this conversion and partly to a reduction in amount of high energy phosphate utilized per beat.
IL-33 and TSLP Mediate Chronic Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation and IgE Antibody Production Induced by Multiple Airborne Allergens
Authors: Koji Iijima, Takao Kobayashi, Kenichiro Hara, Gail Kephart, Hirohito Kita
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Animals in Research
Authors: David M. Jackson
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.—  Drs Smith and Hendee 1 urge practicing physicians to defend research on animals. They claim that opponents of animal research intend to dismantle animal research by measures that would place the future health of humans and animals at risk.  The physician's first duty is to do no harm. Experiments on animals that cause suffering certainly do harm to those animals, but may be justified by the health benefits resulting from some experiments—ie, the end justifies the means.  As Drs Smith and Hendee point out, the public desires assurance that animals are treated humanely and used appropriately, but I fear that they are very optimistic if they believe that the Animal Welfare Act guarantees any such thing. The act, as amended in 1985, makes the US Department of Agriculture responsible for this, but the department has few resources to devote to these tasks, which are far removed from