tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
On the Utility of Growth Curves
Authors: Victor C. Vaughan
Journal: JAMA (1992)

In this issue ofThe JOURNAL, Yip et al<sup>1</sup>describe the changes that have taken place in a decade (1980 through 1989) in the birth weight and early childhood growth of children of low-income immigrant families from Southeast Asia. While Asian See also p 937. immigrant infants and young children showed a marked shift in growth status toward the reference standards of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS),<sup>2</sup>during this same period the status of black, white, and Hispanic subjects from the same low-income population remained essentially unchanged. Data were collected through the Centers for Disease Control Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System, which monitors the status of children who are receiving services through certain public health and nutrition programs (in major part through the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children). The data show a fall in incidence of low birth weight (less than 2500 g)
Insulin Sensitivity and Lipid Metabolism in Human CD36 Deficiency
Authors: Masato Furuhashi, Nobuyuki Ura, Tomoaki Nakata, Kazuaki Shimamoto
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

CD36 has been proposed as a fatty acid translocase and a receptor for HDL and oxidized LDL. The association between CD36 deficiency and insulin resistance remains controversial. We investigated glucose and lipid metabolism in human CD36 deficiency.A total of 61 type I CD36-deficient patients and 25 control subjects were examined. Diabetes was defined as fasting glucose level > or =7 mmol/l or use of hypoglycemic agents. A homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index was evaluated in patients without diabetes. Insulin resistance was defined as a HOMA index > or =1.73 (sensitivity 64.3%, specificity 78.9%; J Japan Diab Soc, 2000).Diabetes was identified in 12 (20%) of the 61 CD36-deficient patients. Fasting glucose, HbA(1c), and total cholesterol levels in the diabetic CD36-deficient patients were significantly higher than in the control subjects and the nondiabetic CD36-deficient patients. Regardless of diabetes, HDL cholesterol concentrations in the CD36-deficient patients were significantly higher than in the control subjects. The nondiabetic CD36-deficient patients had higher triglyceride concentrations than the control subjects, and triglyceride concentrations were higher in the diabetic CD36-deficient patients than in the nondiabetic CD36-deficient patients. The prevalence of insulin resistance in the nondiabetic CD36-deficient patients was similar to that in the control subjects.Human CD36 deficiency is not necessarily responsible for insulin resistance. Lipid abnormalities in CD36 deficiency may partly depend on the presence of diabetes, and increased levels of triglyceride and HDL cholesterol may be due to impaired binding of fatty acids and HDL to CD36 and subsequent clearance.
General Comments on the Role of Aggression in Human Psychopathology
Authors: J. Bastiaans
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

Human beings are continously engaged in finding solutions for their aggressive tendencies. Possible solutions are discussed in relation to biological and psychoanalytical models of aggression regulation. Phases and fixation points of aggression regulation are mentioned and related to the psychoanalytic concepts of safety, power and pleasure. Instrumental, situational and obediential aggression can be used for the reinforcement of the feeling states of safety, freedom and completeness.
Recurrent respiratory obstruction from a mediastinal bronchogenic cyst.
Authors: S R Johnston, A Adam, D J Allison, P Smith, P W Ind
Journal: Thorax (1992)

A large mediastinal bronchogenic cyst presented acutely with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and severe airflow obstruction. The patient had experienced identical symptoms on two other occasions over the previous 24 years. These had been previously misdiagnosed as due to a mediastinal lymphoma. Percutaneous extrapleural aspiration successfully decompressed the cyst with substantial improvement in lung function. Recurrent swelling of the cyst occurred that could not be relieved surgically. After repeat aspiration percutaneous instillation of bleomycin and alcohol has been used to prevent further increase in the size of the cyst.
Judges are baffled by baby's painless skull fractures
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The migration of glial chains along the nerve entails directional and coordinated movement. Despite its importance in the formation of the nervous system, this process remains poorly understood, because of the difficulty of manipulating identified cells. Using confocal time-lapse and cell ablation in the whole animal, we provide direct evidence for a discrete number of <i>Drosophila</i> peripheral glial cells acting as pioneers and guiding the rest of the migratory chain. These cells are in direct contact with several follower cells through a very long and stable cytoplasmic extension. The presence of pioneer cells and homotypic interactions at the tip of the chain allows coordinated movement and the formation of a continuous sheath around the nerve. These <i>in vivo</i> data open novel perspectives for understanding the cellular bases of vertebrate glial migration in physiological and pathological conditions.
Divided dose intramuscular regimen and single dose subcutaneous regimen for chloroquine: plasma concentrations and toxicity in patients with malaria.
Authors: R E Phillips, D A Warrell, G Edwards, Y Galagedera, R D Theakston, D T Abeysekera, P Dissanayaka
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Adults with malaria in Sri Lanka were treated with parenteral chloroquine diphosphate, either 2.5 mg base/kg intramuscularly at 0, 1, 12, 13, 24, and 25 hours or 5 mg base/kg subcutaneously at 0, 12, and 24 hours. Both regimens were completed with oral chloroquine phosphate, 5 mg base/kg, at 36 and 48 hours. Mean peak chloroquine concentrations in the first 12 hours, which were 0.5 (range 0.3-0.6) mg/l (1.4 (0.9-1.7) mu mol/l) [corrected] with the intramuscular regimen and 0.3 (0.2-0.4) mg/l (1.0 (0.7-1.3) mu mol/l) [corrected] with the subcutaneous regimen (p less than 0.05), were reached in median times of 90 (65-90) minutes and 30 (30-60) minutes respectively (p less than 0.05) after the start of treatment. The mean area under the plasma concentration curve for the first 12 hours was 1.4 (0.9-2.1) mg/l.h (4.5 (2.8-6.4) mu mol/l.h) [corrected] after intramuscular administration and 1.8 (0.8-2.3) mg/l.h (5.7 (2.7-7.2) mu mol/l.h) [corrected] after subcutaneous administration (p greater than 0.1). Mean maximum plasma concentrations were higher after intramuscular administration (0.6 (0.4-0.8) mg/l (1.7 (1.3-2.5) mu mol/l)) [corrected] than after subcutaneous administration (0.4 (0.4-0.5) mg/l (1.3 (1.3-1.5) mu mol/l)) [corrected] (p less than 0.05), but both regimens produced satisfactory plasma profiles. Chloroquine resistance was found in the only case of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Chloroquine is absorbed rapidly after divided dose intramuscular injection and single dose subcutaneous injection and does not cause hypotension or neurotoxicity in adults. Similar regimens should be evaluated in children before the parenteral use of this drug is abandoned.
Toxoplasmosis Testing During Pregnancy-Reply
Authors: Brian W. Jack
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In Reply. —  We appreciate Dr Frenkel's comments, which emphasize what we believe to be the most important aspect of preconception care: the ability of health professionals to provide comprehensive health promotion and counseling to reduce risks to future pregnancy. We agree that serological testing for antibody againstToxoplasma gondiiduring pregnancy is not optimal because of the poor predictive value of such testing; however, testing before pregnancy does have benefit over testing during pregnancy since those already positive and therefore not in need of further testing or hygienic measures in any future pregnancy are identified. The prevalence of toxoplasmosis infection and the prevalence of susceptibility to new infection during pregnancy vary greatly in the different parts of the United States, ranging from 50% to 95% susceptibility,1and the extent of the morbidity and mortality due to toxoplasmosis is not known with certainty.2Subtracting those who test positive
Obesity and Treatment of Diabetes With Glyburide May Both Be Risk Factors for Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Kerstin B. Blomgren, Anders Sundström, Gunnar Steineck, Bengt E. Wiholm
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE—To evaluate risk factors, notably drugs, for acute pancreatitis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A population-based case-control study was conducted of 1.4 million inhabitants, aged 20–85 years, of four regions in Sweden between 1 January 1995 and 31 May 1998. A total of 462 case subjects were hospitalized in surgery departments for their first episode of acute pancreatitis without previous gallbladder disease. A total of 1,781 control subjects were randomly selected from a population register. Information was obtained from case records and through telephone interviews. RESULTS—A total of 27 case subjects (6%) and 55 control subjects (3%) had prevalent diabetes. A total of 53 case subjects (11%) and 130 control subjects (7%) had a BMI &amp;gt;30 kg/m2. Use of glyburide had a crude odds ratio (OR) of 3.2 (95% CI 1.5–5.9), and in a multivariate logistic regression adjusted for covariates, the OR for use of glyburide was 2.5 (1.1–5.9). BMI had a continuous OR of 1.2 (1.1–1.4) per 5 units of BMI. The relative risk for hospitalization longer than 14 days or treatment in an intensive care unit was 2.4 (1.1–5.4) among patients with a BMI &amp;gt;30 kg/m2 when compared with patients with a BMI between 20 and 25 kg/m2. CONCLUSIONS—Use of glyburide and obesity may both be risk factors for acute pancreatitis. Obesity is associated with an extended hospitalization time in subjects with acute pancreatitis.
Radioiodine Pooling in Dilated Greater Saphenous Vein Mimicking Contamination
Authors: Erhan Varoglu, Mustafa Yildirim, Rezan Bayrakdar, A Mecit Kantarci, Hatice Uslu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

A 58-year-old man was referred for I-131 whole-body scan on day 7 after I-131 ablation to evaluate follicular carcinoma metastases. I-131 whole-body scanning revealed increased uptake in the lower neck representing postoperative residual thyroid tissue. In addition, I-131 uptake in the liver was increased in excess of diffuse physiologic hepatic uptake. Increased superficial I-131 uptake in the left calf suggested contamination. Doppler ultrasonography revealed a dilated left greater saphenous vein in the same region. Dilatation and enlargement of the greater saphenous vein was also shown on radionuclide venography with Tc-99m-labeled red blood cells. I-131 pooling in dilated veins may mimic contamination or metastases.
Diphtheria toxin fused to variant human interleukin-3 induces cytotoxicity of blasts from patients with acute myeloid leukemia according to the level of interleukin-3 receptor expression
Authors: Ugo Testa, Roberta Riccioni, Mauro Biffoni, Daniela Diverio, Francesco Lo-Coco, Robin Foà, Cesare Peschle, Arthur E. Frankel
Journal: Blood (2005)
Remarks on Villous Tumour of the Rectum: And the Resemblance that it May Bear in its Symptoms to Chronic Dysentery; Illustrated by Two Cases
Authors: H. M. Tuckwell
Journal: BMJ (1868)

THE BRITISH MEDICAL 70URNAL.609 nipple, and, in another, fluctuation was felt deeply seated below the nipple.The abscess was opened, and in about a month a good re- covery ensued.CASE VII.Chironic Ifiammation of the Breast in a Sing-e T'Voman, simulatinzg Cancer.-EllenA., aged 56, a single healthy woman, came under my care at Guy's Hospital on July 3rd, i865, for some affection of her left breast.It had been coming on for about three weeks with- out any known cause; the breast gradually becoming hard and painful.When I saw her, the whole gland was infiltrated with some new product, inflammatory or otherwise.It was indurated and tender on manipulation.There was no enlargement of the axillary glands.The nipple was completely drawn in, and out of sight.The skin over the breast was healthy and the tumour moved freely upon the parts beneath.The case was one of a doubtful kind; the age of the woman and the local symptoms raised a suspicion of its being of a cancerous nature, and yet its progress had been somewhat too rapid for the generality of such cases.On inquiry, also, it was found out that the retracted nipple was a congenital condition.Tonics were given and the case watched.In a fortnight distinct evidence of inflammation of the skin appeared with indistinct fluctuation.In another week an abscess was opened, and rapid convalescence followed.CASE VIII.C/ironic Abscess in Breast wi/h Retorcted N125eth.--Sarah M., a childless married woman aged 20, came under my care at Guy's Hospital on December 30th, i863, for some enlargement of the left breast.It had been gradually coming on for eight months, after a blow.The swelling was accompanied with a dull pain, and the gradual re-
Book Review Gastrointestinal Emergencies Edited by Mark B. Taylor, with John L. Gollan, Mark A. Peppercorn, Michael L. Steer, and M. Michael Wolfe. 643 pp., illustrated. Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins, 1992. $105. ISBN 0–683–08107–1 .
Authors: David M. Kastenberg, Lawrence S. Friedman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)
RET/PTC-Induced Cell Growth Is Mediated in Part by Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Activation: Evidence for Molecular and Functional Interactions between RET and EGFR
Authors: Michelle Croyle, Nagako Akeno, Jeffrey A. Knauf, Doriano Fabbro, Xu Chen, Jacqueline E. Baumgartner, Heidi A. Lane, James A. Fagin
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract RET/PTC rearrangements are one of the genetic hallmarks of papillary thyroid carcinomas. RET/PTC oncoproteins lack extracellular or transmembrane domains, and activation takes place through constitutive dimerization mediated through coiled-coil motifs in the NH2 terminus of the chimeric protein. Based on the observation that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase inhibitor PKI166 decreased RET/PTC kinase autophosphorylation and activation of downstream effectors in thyroid cells, despite lacking activity on the purified RET kinase, we proceeded to examine possible functional interactions between RET/PTC and EGFR. Conditional activation of RET/PTC oncoproteins in thyroid PCCL3 cells markedly induced expression and phosphorylation of EGFR, which was mediated in part through mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. RET and EGFR were found to coimmunoprecipitate. The ability of RET to form a complex with EGFR was not dependent on recruitment of Shc or on their respective kinase activities. Ligand-induced activation of EGFR resulted in phosphorylation of a kinase-dead RET, an effect that was entirely blocked by PKI166. These effects were biologically relevant, as the EGFR kinase inhibitors PKI166, gefitinib, and AEE788 inhibited cell growth induced by various constitutively active mutants of RET in thyroid cancer cells as well as NIH3T3 cells. These data indicate that EGFR contributes to RET kinase activation, signaling, and growth stimulation and may therefore be an attractive therapeutic target in RET-induced neoplasms. [Cancer Res 2008;68(11):4183–91]
A Prospective Study of the Development of Diabetes in Relatives of Patients with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes
Authors: William J. Riley, Noel K. Maclaren, Jeffrey Krischer, Rebecca P. Spillar, Janet H. Silverstein, Desmond A. Schatz, Sherwin Schwartz, John Malone, Shirish Shah, Constance Vadheim, Jerome I. Rotter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

The presence of cytoplasmic islet-cell autoantibodies has been recognized as a risk factor for the development of diabetes mellitus in relatives of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), but the magnitude of the risk is unknown, as is the influence of other factors, such as age, sex, and race.
Concurrent Sickle-Cell Anemia and α-Thalassemia
Authors: Stephen H. Embury, Andree M. Dozy, Judy Miller, J. R. Davis, Klara M. Kleman, Haiganoush Preisler, Elliott Vichinsky, William N. Lande, Bertram H. Lubin, Y. W. Kan, William C. Mentzer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

We studied 47 patients with sickle-cell anemia to determine the effect of alpha-thalassemia on the severity of their hemolytic anemia. We diagnosed alpha-thalassemia objectively by using alpha-globin-gene mapping to detect alpha-globin-gene deletions, studying 25 subjects with the normal four alpha-globin-genes, 18 with three, and four with two. The mean hemoglobin, hematocrit, and absolute reticulocyte levels (+/- S.D.) were 7.9 +/- 0.9 g per deciliter (4.9 +/- 0.6 mmol per liter), 22.9 +/- 2.9 per cent, and 501,000 +/- 126,000 per cubic millimeter, respectively, in the non-thalassemic group; 9.8 +/- 1.6 g per deciliter (6.1 +/- 1.0 mmol per liter), 29.0 +/- 5.0 per cent, and 361,000 +/- 51,000 per cubic millimeter in the group with three alpha-globin genes; and 9.2 +/- 1.0 g per deciliter (5.7 +/- 0.6 mmol per liter), 27.5 +/- 3.0 per cent, and 100,000 +/- 15,000 per cubic millimeter in the group with two alpha-globin genes. Deletion of alpha-globin genes was also accompanied by a decreased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in post-reticulocyte erythrocytes and by increased hemoglobin F levels. The decreased intraerythrocytic hemoglobin S concentration and elevated hemoglobin F levels associated with alpha-thalassemia appear to diminish the degree of hemolytic anemia found in sickle-cell disease.
Visceral Lesions Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: D. L. Fingerman, F. C. Andrus
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1943)

USED IN SELECTION OF CASES IN the study of the visceral lesions in rheumatoid arthritis, the records of 192 cases having a diagnosis of arthritis were examined.These cases were obtained from the autopsy files -of the University of Minne- sota Pathology Department and associated local hospitals.Out of this group there were 81 which were frank suppurative arthritis, 61 were rheumatoid arthritis, and 29 were osteo-arthritis.There were 8 with tuberculous arthritis; 7 had a simple, chronic, non-suppurative, non-specific arthritis of undetermined itiology and involving only one joint; five had an acute inflammatory, non-suppurative arthritis, type undetermined, and 1 had gonorrheal arthritis."Rheumatoid Arthritis " as discussed in this* paper is the severe deforming type of chronic infectious arthritis.It is the atrophic, pro- liferative type of arthritis.The criteria used in selecting these cases of rheumatoid arthritis were as follows: The disease must have been chronic, being present a minimum of several months.It mnust involve two or more joints.It must have caused deformities of the joints and their adjacent structures, and finally, it must be of a non-suppurative type of involvement.That is, all cases which showed frank pus or definite aetiological factors or trophic changes such as syphilis, trauma, syringomyelia, tuberculosis, gonorrhea, suppurative streptococcus and staphylococcus infections involving joints were immediately excluded.However, the differentiation and exclusion of osteo-arthritis or hypertrophic (degenerative) type of arthritis from the rheumatoid or atrophic (proliferative) type of arthritis was not so simple.Any cases which had mixed types of arthritis or different types of arthritis in different joints were not included..That is, if a case was found to have both proliferative and degenerative changes, it was omitted from the series.The distinction was made by the clinical, radiological, and pathological evidence available.On this basis, 61 cases of rheumatoid arthritis were obtained and were studied with regard to their visceral lesions.II.TERMNOLOGY Chronic arthritis was classified in 1905 by Richardson into two main types: (1) Proliferative and (2) degenerative.However, since then other terms have been introduced which have been used interchangeably with the above two.Proliferative arthritis is often named 168 copyright.
Artificial nutrition in hospital.
Authors: A M Woolfson
Journal: BMJ (1983)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <h3>Background</h3> RNA-seq metagenomics on mosquitoes for surveillance and microbiome or pathogen discovery allows us to understand the disease ecology of arboviruses. A major hurdle in these studies is the depletion of overabundant ribosomal RNA (rRNA), commonly achieved using oligo-based protocols. The lack of publicly available complete reference rRNA sequences for many mosquito vector species narrows the range of such studies, causing a knowledge bias in mosquito vector biology. Here we describe a strategy to assemble full-length 28S and 18S rRNA sequences of 29 sylvatic and peri-urban mosquito species sampled from Cambodia, the Central African Republic, Madagascar, and French Guiana. <h3>Results</h3> Our score-based strategy successfully parses rRNA reads into insect and non-insect sources, leading to the assembly of complete rRNA sequences for all specimens in the study. We then evaluated the functionality of rRNA sequences as barcodes for taxonomy and phylogeny relative to the mitochondrial <i>cytochrome</i> c <i>oxidase I</i> (COI) gene marker system. rRNA- and COI-based phylogenetic inferences share little congruity. However, the former allowed for molecular species identification when COI sequences were ambiguous or unavailable and revealed better supported intergeneric evolutionary histories concordant with contemporary mosquito systematics. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The presented assembly strategy and the expansion of the rRNA reference library in public databases by 234 novel complete 28S and 18S rRNA sequences provide a new tool in the form of an RNA marker system to improve mosquito RNA-seq metagenomics. More holistic insights on mosquito vector ecology will benefit the design of public health measures against arboviral diseases.
Depression of Laryngeal Reflexes during Ketamine Anaesthesia
Authors: P. A. Taylor, R. M. Towey
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The competence of the laryngeal-closure reflex was assessed in a group of patients having ketamine anaesthesia and found to be depressed. All patients in a control group of conscious volunteers had a competent reflex. The possible dangers of ketamine anaesthesia without endotracheal intubation are discussed.
SOME PHASES OF INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION.
Authors: A. H. CORDIER
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Were I asked to name the pathology of the abdominal cavity demanding surgery for its relief that was followed by the highest post-operative mortality, I should unhesitatingly say acute intestinal obstruction. The causes of this condition are so many and varied that to classify them would require a whole volume. Modern methods of diagnosis, in skilled hands, have led to the saving of many cases that a few years ago would have been lost by the delay in resorting to the proper treatment. While the diagnosis of this condition can usually be made early, there are some cases in which the pathologic manifestations are so insidious or vague that their detection requires time and much careful clinical analysis. A very important pathologic fact must be accepted by the practitioner if he would make an accurate diagnosis of the diseases of the abdominal cavity. I refer to the generally accepted view