tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Major histocompatibility complex-linked susceptibility or resistance to disease caused by a noncytopathic virus varies with the disease parameter evaluated.
Authors: T Leist, A Althage, E Haenseler, H Hengartner, R M Zinkernagel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

The influence of major transplantation antigens on susceptibility to T cell-mediated disease caused by infection with the noncytopathic virus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) was evaluated in B10 H-2-congenic mice. Susceptibility to early T cell-mediated liver cell destruction (day 7-9) and early mortality (before day 12) was H-2Dq linked and correlated directly with early (day 6-8) and high cytotoxic T cell activity. In contrast, susceptibility to become an LCMV carrier, inability to rapidly clear virus, or tendency to develop late hepatitis (day 14-17) was linked to Dk and correlated with absence of early cytotoxic T cell activity. Thus, H-2D-regulated T cell-immune responses controlling both virus spread and immunopathology may directly determine the type and severity of disease. The results illustrate that susceptibility to disease caused by one virus may be linked to distinct MHC alleles dependent upon the disease parameter studied.
Dapsone therapy for oral-genital ulceration
Authors: C.E.M. Griffiths, J.N. Leonard, L. Fry
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Journal Article Dapsone therapy for oral‐genital ulceration Get access C.E.M. Griffiths, C.E.M. Griffiths Dermatology Department, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.N. Leonard, J.N. Leonard Dermatology Department, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Fry L. Fry Dermatology Department, St Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 114, Issue 5, 1 May 1986, Pages 640–641, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb04079.x Published: 01 May 1986
Do opponent process theories help physicalism about color?
Authors: Justin Broackes
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Byrne &amp; Hilbert (B&amp;H) give some excellent replies to the objections to realism about color. However, the particular form of realism they propose, based on opponent processing, prompts several challenges. Why characterize a color by its tendency to produce an intermediate brain signal, rather than in terms of the final effect – either a perception or a neural substrate for it? At the level of the retina, and even of the cortex, there are processes that partly parallel the structure of color experience; but the correspondence is not exact. Must we assume that there is any place in the brain where an exact structural correspondence is found? At the level of psychophysical functioning, there is indeed opponency; but it is not clear that this gives us the kind of type-reduction that B&amp;H want.
Serum immune complexes in systemic sclerosis: relationship with precipitating nuclear antibodies.
Authors: M A French, G Harrison, C A Penning, J Cunningham, P Hughes, N R Rowell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

In a comparative study of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and immune complexes in the serum of 43 patients with systemic sclerosis (SS) ANA were detected by indirect immunofluorescence on Hep 2 cells and/or double immunodiffusion in 90% of patients, while immune complex assays were positive in 32% of patients. The immune complex assays were positive only in sera containing antibodies to Scl 70, n-RNP, Ro, and La. The presence of immune complexes in SS sera is therefore related to ANA specificity. This might explain the variable findings of several previous studies of immune complexes in SS.
Indian anti-tobacco campaigners plead for larger graphic warnings on products
Authors: S. Bagcchi
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Anti-tobacco activists have called for the Indian government to immediately implement a policy that it agreed in October 2014 to increase graphic images on tobacco packaging from 40% to 85% of a pack’s surface.

Their plea has been spurred by the death of an anti-tobacco campaigner, Sunita Tomar, on 1 April—the same day that the policy was due to take effect. The World Lung Foundation said that the government’s move was delayed after interference from the tobacco industry. Just days before her death Tomar, who …
Molecular Mechanisms of Steroid Hormone Action.
Authors: Bert W. O'Malley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1973Molecular Mechanisms of Steroid Hormone Action.Bert W. O'Malley, M.D.Bert W. O'Malley, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-812_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn viewing the sequence of events required in steroid hormone action, we must consider the large body of evidence that shows that steroid hormones combine with cytoplasmic receptor proteins almost immediately on entering the target cell. This is potentially a specific rate-limiting event in hormone action, since only target tissues contain appreciable quantities of receptor. Furthermore, the receptor itself will form a high-affinity complex only with steroid molecules that are biologically "active" in that tissue.The steroid hormone-receptor complex is next transferred to the nuclear compartment, where it forms a second complex with certain chromatin "acceptor sites," comprising DNA and... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Houston, Texas PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 812-813KeywordsChromatinDNAHormonesProteinsSteroid hormones Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Long-Term Prospective Follow-Up Study of Cardiac Function After Cardiotoxic Therapy for Malignancy in Children
Authors: Tuija Poutanen, Tero Tikanoja, Pekka Riikonen, Annuli Silvast, Mikko Perkkiö
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

To evaluate cardiac function by means of conventional and three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) and measurement of natriuretic peptides in children and adolescents previously treated for childhood malignancy using individual follow-up data and matched control children as reference criteria.Thirty-nine survivors of childhood malignancy were examined in 1994 and 1998. The mean time from the diagnosis was 8.6 (3.9 to 16.8) years and between cardiac evaluations was 4.1 (3.3 to 5.1) years. Patients were divided into two groups according to therapies given (group I (n = 30): no cardiac irradiation, median cumulative anthracycline dose 210 mg/m2; group II (n = 9): irradiation in the cardiac region, median cumulative anthracycline dose 180 mg/m2).Fractional shortening (FS) in 1994 was higher than in 1998 (32.5 +/- 4.3 vs. 30.3% +/- 3.3%, P =.009). 33% of patients in group I and 56% in group II in 1994 and 30% of patients in group I and 67% in group II in 1998 had N-terminal of the propeptide-atrial natriuretic peptide (NT-proANP) levels exceeding the 90th percentile of controls. In 1998, both groups (I and II) had lower ejection fraction (EF) measured by 3DE than their matched controls (52.9 +/- 5.2 vs. 58.8% +/- 3.1%, P <.001 and 50.0 +/- 6.6 vs. 60.8% +/- 3.2%, P =.024, respectively). Left atrial maximum volumes/body surface area were smaller in the patients than in controls. B-Type natriuretic peptide values did not differ significantly in either group.Left ventricular contractility decreases slowly even years after cardiotoxic cancer therapy in children. 3DE and NT-proANP measurements are effective methods to evaluate the cardiac function in these patients.
RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY AND PSYCHIATRIC HELP-SEEKING
Authors: ARNOLD W. WILSON, GORDON SAVER, PETER A. LACHENBRUCH
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1965)

This study of 322 patients who sought help at two psychiatric facilities in the summer of 1963 in Los Angeles County indicates there is at least 2½ times higher incidence of migrants in such a sample than in the general population. Also, there was a 53% incidence of having changed residences within the year of seeking help, and 82% within the previous 5 years; a significantly higher percentage than the average County resident. No significant correlations were found between diagnostic categories and migrants, or between frequent childhood moves and adult diagnostic categories, or between frequent childhood moves and incidence of adult illness.
Apoptosis induced by an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody in a human colorectal carcinoma cell line and its delay by insulin.
Authors: X Wu, Z Fan, H Masui, N Rosen, J Mendelsohn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Both EGF and insulin, or IGF, stimulate the growth of many cell types by activating receptors that contain tyrosine kinase activities. A monoclonal antibody (mAb 225) against the EGF receptor produced in this laboratory has been shown to competitively inhibit EGF binding and block activation of receptor tyrosine kinase. Here we report that a human colorectal carcinoma cell line, DiFi, which expresses high levels of EGF receptors on plasma membranes, can be induced to undergo G1 cell cycle arrest and programmed cell death (apoptosis) when cultured with mAb 225 at concentrations that saturate EGF receptors. Addition of IGF-1 or high concentrations of insulin can delay apoptosis induced by mAb 225, while the G1 arrest cannot be reversed by either IGF-1 or insulin. Insulin/IGF-1 cannot activate EGF receptor tyrosine kinase that has been inhibited by mAb 225. Moreover, an mAb against the IGF-1 receptor, which has little direct effect on DiFi cell growth, can block the capacity of insulin/IGF-1 to delay apoptosis induced by mAb 225, suggesting that the insulin/IGF-1-mediated delay of apoptosis is acting through the IGF-1 receptor. In contrast, insulin/IGF-1 cannot delay the apoptosis caused by the DNA damaging agent, cisplatin. The results indicate that EGF receptor activation is required both for cell cycle progression and for prevention of apoptosis in DiFi cells, and that a signal transduction pathway shared by receptors for insulin/IGF-1 and EGF may be involved in regulating apoptosis triggered by blockade of the EGF receptor.
Development and validation of PRE-DELIRIC (PREdiction of DELIRium in ICu patients) delirium prediction model for intensive care patients: observational multicentre study
Authors: M. v. d. Boogaard, P. Pickkers, A. J. C. Slooter, M. A. Kuiper, P. E. Spronk, P. H. J. v. d. Voort, J. G. v. d. Hoeven, R. Donders, T. v. Achterberg, L. Schoonhoven
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objectives</b> To develop and validate a delirium prediction model for adult intensive care patients and determine its additional value compared with prediction by caregivers. <b>Design</b> Observational multicentre study. <b>Setting</b> Five intensive care units in the Netherlands (two university hospitals and three university affiliated teaching hospitals). <b>Participants</b> 3056 intensive care patients aged 18 years or over. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Development of delirium (defined as at least one positive delirium screening) during patients’ stay in intensive care. <b>Results</b> The model was developed using 1613 consecutive intensive care patients in one hospital and temporally validated using 549 patients from the same hospital. For external validation, data were collected from 894 patients in four other hospitals. The prediction (PRE-DELIRIC) model contains 10 risk factors—age, APACHE-II score, admission group, coma, infection, metabolic acidosis, use of sedatives and morphine, urea concentration, and urgent admission. The model had an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.87 (95% confidence interval 0.85 to 0.89) and 0.86 after bootstrapping. Temporal validation and external validation resulted in areas under the curve of 0.89 (0.86 to 0.92) and 0.84 (0.82 to 0.87). The pooled area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (n=3056) was 0.85 (0.84 to 0.87). The area under the curve for nurses’ and physicians’ predictions (n=124) was significantly lower at 0.59 (0.49 to 0.70) for both. <b>Conclusion</b> The PRE-DELIRIC model for intensive care patients consists of 10 risk factors that are readily available within 24 hours after intensive care admission and has a high predictive value. Clinical prediction by nurses and physicians performed significantly worse. The model allows for early prediction of delirium and initiation of preventive measures. <b>Trial registration</b> Clinical trials NCT00604773 (development study) and NCT00961389 (validation study).
HER2-Associated Breast Cancer Signature Using a 3D Culture Model.
Authors: P. Chaluvally-Raghavan, A. Zeisel, W. Koestler, J. Jacob-Hirsch, G. Rechavi, E. Domany, Y. Yarden
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Carcinomas of the breast account for one third of all cancers occurring in woman and responsible for approximately one quarter of cancer-related deaths in females. The HER2/Neu -oncogene is amplified in 20-25% percent of human primary breast cancers and this alteration is associated with disease behaviour. Whereas signalling pathways emanating from HER2 have been characterized, much less is known about the transcriptionally regulated genes that contribute to HER2 tumorigenic effects.Materials and Methods: Normal and HER2 overexpressing mammary epithelial cells (MCF10A) were grown in extracellular matrix to form 3D structures, which allow epithelial cells to organize into structures that resemble their in vivo architecture. RNA was isolated from the 3D structures and hybridized to an Affymetrix HuGene 1.0 ST oligonucleotide array.Results: Upon HER2 overexpression, mammary epithelial cells lost their polarity and formed disorganized structures in matrigel. Using microarrays we analyzed transcriptional events responsible for the morphological changes and found that several sets of genes such as integral proteins, transcription factors, matrix proteases and chemokines were highly altered in the HER2 overexpressing group. Using gene annotation we defined molecular-pathways which are highly altered in HER2 overexpressing cells. More generally, our study proposes a mechanistic description of the processes underlying the HER2 transcriptional network. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4146.
Effects of dobutamine administration on timing of atrial contraction and systolic performance of the left atrium in normal subjects and in patients with heart failure
Authors: J. Dernellis, C. Stefanadis, K. Toutouzas, E. Tsiamis, S. Vaina, C. Pitsavos, P. Toutouzas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS ON CERTAIN CONSTITUENTS OF THE BILE
Authors: REGINALD FITZ
Journal: JAMA (1922)

In 1919, Lyon 1 described a relatively simple clinical method for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the gallbladder and biliary ducts.This, in brief, con- sisted in the drainage of the biliary tract through a duodenal tube after relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi by the local application to the duodenum of a concen- trated solution of magnesium sulphate.The method was based on a suggestion from Meltzer 2 that magne- sium sulphate might relax the sphincter of the common duct and permit the ejection of bile into the duodenum.By making use of this procedure, Lyon believed that he could collect separately bile from the common duct, the gallbladder and the hepatic ducts, and could study each sample chemically, bacteriologically and cytologically.The potential importance of Lyon's work was immediately recognized, and already a large and some- what conflicting literature on the so-called Meltzer- Lyon test has accumulated.Certain observers, notably Brown,3 Smithies 4 and Sachs,5 confirm Lyon's observa- tions and believe that the method is of great practical value both in diagnosis and in treatment, while others, such as Dunn and Connell,6 Bassler, Luckett and Lutz,7 Cutler and Newton,8 and Hartman,9 are less enthusias¬ tic concerning its efficacy.Despite the varying results that have been reported, two facts with regard to the method remain outstanding : It affords a means for the clinical study of the excretion of the biliary pas¬ sages, and it allows the study of liver function from a fresh point of view.
Early allergen exposure and atopic eczema
Authors: J.M. Harris, H.C. Williams, C. White, S. Moffat, P. Mills, A.J. Newman Taylor, P. Cullinan
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

The relationship between exposure to indoor aeroallergens in early life and subsequent eczema is unclear. We have previously failed to show any significant associations between early life exposure to house dust mite and cat fur allergens and either sensitization to these allergens or wheeze. We have also previously reported a lower prevalence of parent-reported, doctor-diagnosed eczema by age 2 years for children exposed to higher concentrations of house dust mite, but no other associations with other definitions of eczema or for exposure to cat allergen.To extend the exposure-response analysis of allergen exposure and eczema outcomes measured up to age 8 years, and to investigate the role of other genetic and environmental determinants.A total of 593 children (92 x 4% of those eligible) born to all newly pregnant women attending one of three general practitioner surgeries in Ashford, Kent, were followed from birth to age 8 years. Concentrations of house dust mite and cat allergen were measured in dust samples collected from the home at 8 weeks after birth. The risk of subsequent eczema as defined by the U.K. diagnostic criteria was determined according to different levels (quintiles) of allergen exposure at birth.By age 8 years, 150 (25 x 3%) children had met the diagnostic criteria for eczema at least once. Visible flexural dermatitis was recorded at least once for 129 (28 x 0%). As in other studies, parental allergic history was positively associated with most eczema outcomes, as were higher maternal education and less crowded homes. No clear linear associations between early exposure to house dust mite or cat allergen were found, regardless of the definition of eczema used. The risk of eczema appeared to increase for the three lowest quintiles of house dust mite allergen exposure (odds ratio, OR 1 x 37 for third quintile compared with first), and then to fall for the two highest quintiles (OR 0 x 66 and 0 x 71) even after controlling for confounding factors.The lack of any clear exposure-disease relationship between allergens in early life and subsequent eczema argues against allergen exposure being a major factor causing eczema. If the lower levels of eczema at higher levels of house dust mite are confirmed, then interventions aimed at reducing house dust mite in early infancy could paradoxically increase the risk of subsequent eczema.
Human leucocyte antigens and mixed lymphocyte reaction in severe pre-eclampsia.
Authors: D M Jenkins, J A Need, J S Scott, H Morris, M Pepper
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Human leucocyte antigens (HLA) and mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) were studied in 38 women with severe pre-eclampsia and their husbands. Thirty-nine women with normal pregnancies and their husbands served as controls. Thirty-three of the control women were matched for age and parity with members of the study group. Infants were studied when possible. HLA compatibility was increased in the pre-eclamptic group compared with matched controls and with theoretical estimates for possible matings. The one-way MLR at delivery showed diminished response of maternal to paternal and cord cells in pre-eclamptic women. This reduced maternal reactivity in women with pre-eclampsia may have a role in the illness, and paternal/maternal histocompatibility may be a feature of the severe form.
Nutritional Assessment-Reply
Authors: Richard A. Wright
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In Reply.—  I appreciate the comments by Kovach and Huerta.  Despite the widespread use of nutritional assessment techniques in the determination of malnutrition, there is no universally applicable method to assess accurately the nutriture of all patients. 1 Standards for serum albumin reflect a statistical distribution of normal values for a large group of ages, sexes, and races. For any given person, the true normal value of laboratory determinations may significantly deviate from the standard. Anthropometric measurements (such as, triceps skinfold thickness, mid-arm circumference, height, and weight) have been standardized for middle-aged persons and may not be applicable to the extreme of ages, either the elderly or the preadolescent. It has been noted, for example, that lean body mass declines with age. 2 New techniques using specific T-lymphocyte counts, radioisotopic assessment of protein catabolism, and dynamanometric measurement of lean body mass may add sophistication to current methods in assessing visceral
Prolonged Alimentation via a Nasojejunal Tube
Authors: D. Rachmilewitz
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Patients suffering from gastric fistula or patients in whom gastrostomy is established temporarily are usually fed via feeding jejunostomy or by total parenteral hyperalimentation. Feeding jejunostomy can be established only at surgery, and total parenteral hyperalimentation is expensive and can be complicated by infections. We have recently introduced a nasojejunal tube for prolonged alimentation of a patient with gastrostomy complicated by pancreaticgastric fistula. Our technique might be useful for prolonged feeding of patients suffering from similar conditions. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 35-year-old woman suffered from blunt abdominal injury following a car accident. A transection of the body of the pancreas was diagnosed at laparotomy, and distal pancreatectomy was performed with gastrostomy. The postoperative course was complicated by massive bleeding from the margins of the gastrostomy. In a second operation the gastrostomy was closed following resection of its margins. Two weeks later the gastrostomy spontaneously reopened, and
Erythroid dysplasia, megaloblastic anemia, and impaired lymphopoiesis arising from mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Michael L. Chen, T. Daniel Logan, Maryann L. Hochberg, Suresh G. Shelat, Xiang Yu, Gregory E. Wilding, Wei Tan, Gregory C. Kujoth, Tomas A. Prolla, Mary A. Selak, Mondira Kundu, Martin Carroll, James E. Thompson
Journal: Blood (2009)