tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Steroid production in the thymus: implications for thymocyte selection.
Authors: M S Vacchio, V Papadopoulos, J D Ashwell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

The mouse thymus was assessed for its ability to produce steroids. Cultured thymic non-T cells produced soluble pregnenolone and deoxycorticosterone, and immunohistochemistry demonstrated steroidogenic enzymes in radioresistant thymic epithelial cells but not in thymocytes. Inhibition of thymic corticosterone production or blockade of the glucocorticoid receptor with RU-486 resulted in enhanced TCR-mediated, antigen-specific deletion of immature thymocytes. These data indicate that locally produced glucocorticoids, because of their antagonism of TCR-mediated signaling for death, may be a key element of antigen-specific thymocyte selection.
Surgery of Infants and Children: Scientific Principles and Practice
Authors: Robert J. Touloukian
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<i>Surgery of Infants and Children</i>, edited by Oldham et al, is a major text that emphasizes the "scientific principles and practice" of pediatric surgery while presenting the most available information on the diagnosis and treatment of the wide spectrum of clinical conditions encountered in this age group. The principal editors have been joined by 149 contributing authors "substantially younger than tradition would suggest for a text of this sort." Their work encompasses 1834 pages, 18 major sections, and 104 chapters. The editors have done exceptionally well in maintaining balance and consistency in style and language to make the book very readable. The text is a reference work "with a unique and contemporary view of pediatric surgery," one of the goals announced in the preface. The first section is devoted to the basic considerations required to understand the pathophysiology of surgical disease, while other major sections cover trauma, oncology
Human T cell responses to dengue virus antigens. Proliferative responses and interferon gamma production.
Authors: I Kurane, B L Innis, A Nisalak, C Hoke, S Nimmannitya, A Meager, F A Ennis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

The severe complications of dengue virus infections, hemorrhagic manifestations and shock, are more commonly observed during secondary dengue virus infections than during primary infections. It has been speculated that these complications are mediated by cross-reactive host-immune responses. We have begun to analyze human T cell responses to dengue antigens in vitro to explain the possible role of T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of these complications. Dengue antigens induce proliferative responses of PBMC from dengue antibody-positive donors, but do not induce specific proliferative responses of PBMC from dengue antibody-negative donors. IFN gamma is detected in the culture fluids of dengue-immune PBMC stimulated with dengue antigens. The cells that proliferate in the dengue antigen-stimulated bulk cultures have CD3+, CD4+, CD8-, CD16-, and CD20- phenotypes. Dengue-specific T cell lines were established using limiting dilution techniques. They have CD3+, CD4+, and CD8- phenotypes, and produce IFN gamma in response to dengue antigens. Culture fluids from dengue-immune PBMC stimulated with dengue antigens, which contain IFN gamma, augment dengue virus infection of human monocytes by dengue virus-antibody complexes. These results indicate that PBMC from dengue-immune donors contain CD4+ T cells that proliferate and produce IFN gamma after stimulation with dengue antigens, and suggest that the IFN gamma that is produced by these stimulated dengue-specific T cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome by increasing the number of dengue virus-infected monocytes in the presence of cross-reactive anti-dengue antibodies.
Press freedom, oil exports, and risk for natural disasters: A challenge for climato-economic theory?
Authors: Joana Arantes, Randolph C. Grace, Simon Kemp
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Does the interaction between climactic demands, monetary resources, and freedom suggest a more general relationship between the environmental challenges that human societies face and their resources to meet those challenges? Using data on press freedom (Van de Vliert 2011a), we found no evidence of a similar interaction with natural resources (as measured by oil exports) or risk for natural disasters.
Reduced Perfusion and Uptake of Tc-99m HDP in the Iliac Bone
Authors: RIK PIJPERS, SEINE EKKELKAMP, JAN C. ROOS, GERRIT J.J. TEULE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

The authors present a case report of a young patient with two osteomyelitic foci. Bone scintigraphy showed a rare combination of a cold and a hot spot. Possible problems in the interpretation of the scintigram in patients with pelvic osteomyelitis are discussed.
The Association between Birthweight, Sex, and Airway Function in Infants of Nonsmoking Mothers
Authors: SOOKY LUM, AH-FONG HOO, CAROL DEZATEUX, IRIS GOETZ, ANGIE WADE, LAURA DeROOY, KATE COSTELOE, JANET STOCKS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

The risk of respiratory illness and death is increased in infants of low birthweight for gestational age, but the underlying physiologic mechanisms remain unclear. We examined the hypothesis that airway function is diminished in infants of low birthweight for gestational age, independent of exposure to maternal smoking. Respiratory function was measured using partial and raised volume forced expiratory maneuvers in 103 infants ( > 35 wk gestation; 56 boys) not exposed pre- or postnatally to maternal smoking who, according to birthweight, were either small (SGA; n = 38) or appropriate (AGA; n = 65) for gestational age. At testing, SGA infants were of similar postnatal age (mean [SD]: SGA 6.8 [2.4] wk, AGA 5.9 [2.3] wk), but remained shorter and lighter than AGA infants. In univariate analyses, FVC, forced expired volume in 0.4 s (FEV0.4), and FEF75 were significantly diminished in SGA compared with AGA infants (mean [95% CI of difference]: FVC: 127 versus 143 ml [ − 29, − 2]; FEV0.4: 112 versus 125 ml [ − 24, − 2]; and FEF75: 173 versus 203 ml s− 1 [ − 57, − 3], respectively), but these differences were no longer significant after allowing for sex and body size. Furthermore, FEF75 was on average 35 ml s− 1 lower in boys than girls (95% CI: − 61, − 8). We conclude that diminished airway function in SGA infants shortly after birth appears to be primarily mediated through impaired somatic growth.
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis. Experimental precipitation with sodium liothyronine
Authors: M. M. Okihiro
Journal: JAMA (1966)

THE PATIENT with hypokalemic periodic paralysis associated with hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxic periodic paralysis) is freed from further attacks of paralysis when the hyperthyroidism is adequately treated.<sup>1,2</sup>Relapses of hyperthyroidism have been accompanied by reappearance of periodic paralysis.<sup>3-5</sup>Devices which trigger paralytic attacks, such as large carbohydrate meals, glucose infusion, insulin, and epinephrine, are only effective when the patient is hyperthyroid. Once he becomes euthyroid these devices no longer work.<sup>6</sup> The adverse effect of thyroid medication on thyrotoxic periodic paralysis have been known for many years. In 1919, Shinosaki<sup>7</sup>first reported that attacks of paralysis could be precipitated by the administration of thyroid preparations. As far as we know, similar studies have not been done in patients who have been "cured" of their hyperthyroidism. Our recent experience with such a patient is the basis for this report. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 44-year-old, Japanese welder had thyrotoxic periodic
Comparison of glucosylated low density lipoprotein with methylated or cyclohexanedione-treated low density lipoprotein in the measurement of receptor-independent low density lipoprotein catabolism.
Authors: U P Steinbrecher, J L Witztum, Y A Kesaniemi, R L Elam
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

We previously showed that glucosylation of lysine residues of low density lipoproteins (LDL) blocks high-affinity degradation by cultured human fibroblasts, and markedly slows LDL turnover in guinea pigs. The present studies were done to evaluate glucosylated (GLC) LDL as a tracer of receptor-independent LDL catabolism, and to compare it with two other modified LDL, methylated (MET) LDL, and cyclohexanedione (CHD)-treated LDL, which have been used previously for this purpose. Glucosylation of LDL did not affect receptor-independent degradation in vivo, as the turnover of GLC-LDL and native LDL were similar in the LDL receptor-deficient, Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit. Each modified radiolabeled LDL preparation was injected into eight guinea pigs, and fractional catabolic rates (FCR) determined. The FCR of GLC-LDL (0.024 +/- 0.005 h-1; SD) was similar to that of MET-LDL (0.023 +/- 0.006 h-1), and approximately 22% of that of native LDL (0.105 +/- 0.02 h-1). The FCR of CHD-LDL was greater than that of the other modified LDL, and it varied depending on how soon after preparation the CHD-LDL was injected: when used within 2 h of preparation, the mean FCR was 0.044 +/- 0.007 h-1 (n = 4); when used after overnight dialysis at 4 degrees C, the mean FCR was 0.082 +/- 0.03 h-1 (n = 4). This suggests that CHD-LDL overestimates the amount of LDL degraded by receptor-independent pathways, perhaps because the CHD modification is spontaneously reversible. The present studies indicate that GLC-LDL is a useful tracer of receptor-independent LDL catabolism in animals.
The <i>PTPN22</i> 1858T Gene Variant in Type 1 Diabetes Is Associated With Reduced Residual β-Cell Function and Worse Metabolic Control
Authors: Antonio Petrone, Marialuisa Spoletini, Simona Zampetti, Marco Capizzi, Sara Zavarella, John Osborn, Paolo Pozzilli, Raffaella Buzzetti
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

Evidence has been reported for a new susceptible locus for type 1 diabetes, the protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 2 (PTPN22), which encodes a lymphoid-specific phosphatase. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of the C1858T variant of the PTPN22 gene on beta-cell function as measured by C-peptide levels from time of disease diagnosis through 12 months follow-up in a prospective series of 120 consecutive type 1 diabetic subjects.The C1858T polymorphism was genotyped using TaqMan. Fasting C-peptide, A1C, and insulin requirements were determined at diagnosis and every 3 months for 12 months; their change during follow-up was analyzed using the general linear model repeated-measures procedure.Fasting C-peptide levels were significantly lower and A1C levels were significantly higher in subjects carrying the PTPN22 1858T variant than in subjects homozygous for C1858 from time of disease diagnosis through 12 months of intensive insulin therapy follow-up (P = 0.008 and P = 0.01, respectively). These findings were independent of age at onset, sex, and HLA risk groups. The trend in C-peptide and A1C levels in the 12-month period did not differ significantly between subjects with or without the 1858T variant. Insulin dose was similar in the 1858T carriers and noncarriers.Type 1 diabetic subjects carrying the 1858T variant show significantly lower beta-cell function and worse metabolic control at diagnosis and throughout the study period than subjects homozygous for C1858; these differences remain unchanged over the course of the first year after diagnosis.
The Human Embryo: Documentations on Kinetic Anatomy
Authors: J. David Deck
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The beautiful color plates in this book show partial and complete reconstructions of human embryos at different developmental stages during the critical period from 31/2 weeks to the beginning of the third month of life. The plates themselves are not titled (which may detract somewhat from their initial usefulness) but parts of the embryos are clearly labeled on line drawings on the facing pages. The plates are presented as support for the author's thesis that a new key to the understanding of bodily function lies in the study of "developmental movements" ("kinetic anatomy"), that is, the changes in spatial arrangements of bodily parts as they develop. His explanation of the concept of kinetic anatomy is not altogether clear, but he asserts that the functions of definitive parts of the body are foreshadowed by the spatial rearrangements which their embryonic<i>Anlagen</i>undergo during development. Whether or not the reader is
Operation for Thoracic Aneurysm
Authors: F. T. Ranson
Journal: BMJ (1947)

BRITISH mid-March.His blood urea kept about 60 mg.per 100 ml. and his progress was satisfactory.However, on April 3 he was found to be strange in manner and unresponsive when ques- tioned, and further probing showed that he was suffering from delusions.A diagnosis of uraemia was made and he was given glucose and fruit drinks up to 3 pints (1.7 litres) a day and a diaphoretic mixture; the bowels were attended to, and he also
Prevention of HIV Infection
Authors: Donald R. Hopkins
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> It has been asserted repeatedly<sup>1,2</sup>that asymptomatic persons whose activities put them at increased risk for infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) should not volunteer for serological testing as recommended by the Public Health Service.<sup>3,4</sup>It is argued that risks of any breach in confidentiality related to their employment, housing, and insurance, for example, outweigh any potential medical benefits. Another argument is that since all persons in high-risk groups should follow "safe sex" guidelines anyway, regardless of their antibody status, the value of testing to the individual is negligible in the absence of a drug or vaccine. Clearly, persons at increased risk must make their own decisions on this important issue, based on their own circumstances. However, they should be aware, in making their decision, of all appropriate medical facts. Some changes in the behavior of persons at increased risk (eg, reduction of the
Letter Regarding Article by Abbate et al, “Widespread Myocardial Inflammation and Infarct-Related Artery Patency”
Authors: Cristina Chimenti, Maurizio Pieroni, Andrea Frustaci
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Abbate et al 1 recently reported the presence of activated T cells in the peri-infarcted region and in the unaffected remote myocardium of patients who died from acute myocardial infarction.Because these cells were associated with persistent infarctrelated occlusion, the authors suggested that an antigenic stimulus also present in the myocardium triggers an immune response that can be critical to precipitate artery occlusion.The authors, however, failed to clarify whether the presence of activated inflammatory cells was associated with necrosis of the adjacent myocytes, which would meet the Dallas criteria for myocarditis. 2This clarification could be particularly important in explaining the presence in the remote myocardium of inflammatory cells, which are not affected by the ischemic process, indicating an additional factor in cardiac death.With regard to the mechanism of myocarditis, several options can be considered, including infectious agents and hypersensitivity to segregated antigens released by the infarcted myocardium.Concerning the latter mechanism, we have demonstrated that a myocarditis that involves both the left and right ventricles can cause global biventricular dysfunction and heart failure in patients with severe coronary artery disease. 3Importantly, antiheart autoantibodies were detected, by indirect immunofluorescence, in 30% of our cases.These improved remarkably, in terms of cardiac dimension and contractility, after the administration of immunosuppressive therapy.In conclusion, a Dressler-like myocarditis could explain the activated T lymphocytes that were observed distantly from the infarcted area and may have contributed to cardiac deaths that occurred some weeks after an acute ischemic event.
Penetrating Wounds of Cardiac Valves
Authors: James W. Pate
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Penetrating injury to cardiac valves occurred in two patients. A patient with acute tricuspid insufficiency and conduction-bundle injury due to a gunshot wound had immediate valve replacement, pacemaker implantation, and excision of the lower lobe of the right lung with subsequent recovery. We believe this to be the first case of valve replacement for a gunshot wound successfully done at initial exploration. A patient had mitral insufficiency due to stab wound with eventual valve replacement. Early, definitive surgery with a heart-lung machine available is urged for all gunshot wounds and stab wounds suspected of causing major intracardiac damage.
Points: Car seats and sciatica
Authors: R T D FitzGerald
Journal: BMJ (1984)

determined by the degree with which death is desired.For those who dread it, time rushes by; there is no time to do everything, as with a student approaching his finals, or a condemned man his execution.For those who have had enough of life and welcome death, time hangs heavy, as with a child awaiting Christmas Day.As Sarah, Duchess of Marlborough was wont to sigh in crippled old age, "If I could have walked out of this world, I would have departed long ago."'I Green D. Sarah, Duchess of
Late Results of Transplantation of Ureters into Pelvic Colon
Authors: A. Jacobs
Journal: BMJ (1954)

MEDICALJOURNAL A UINL- impairment to hearing "arising out of and in the course of a man's occupation" is not to be pooh-poohed.We are getting them, why shouldn't you ?Summary Current methods of industrial insurance in the United States are described, and the value of the insurance companies' inspection, schemes is stressed.The origin and development of industrial hygiene services in the United States are recounted.The role of the industrial hygienist, in establishing a safe working environment in industry is emphasized, and threshold limits for various toxic substances, adopted by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists in 1953, are listed.The control of noise in industry is referred to.
Cardioversion of Supraventricular Tachycardias
Authors: CARLOS VASSAUX, BERNARD LOWN
Journal: Circulation (1969)

Cardioversion was employed in 33 episodes of supraventricular tachycardia in 25 patients. Of these, 18 were episodes of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia with block and the remainder were atrial, junctional, and undefined supraventricular tachycardias. Cardioversion was successful in restoring sinus rhythm in 23 (70%). A major problem was to identify when digitalis intoxication was the cause of the supraventricular mechanism. By progressive titration of the shock energy, it was possible to determine the presence of digitalis intoxication. This was manifested by emergence of ventricular ectopic beats and acceleration in atrial rate. The use of lidocaine abolished the ventricular extrasystoles. Of the 10 patients failing to revert, seven had digitalis toxic arrhythmias. No complications were encountered.
Imatinib-associated lichenoid eruption: acitretin treatment allows maintained antineoplastic effect
Authors: J. Dalmau, L. Peramiquel, L. Puig, M.T. Fernández-Figueras, E. Roé, A. Alomar
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, Imatinib mesylate is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets the BCR‐ABL protein, c‐kit and platelet‐derived growth factor receptors and is used to treat chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), gastrointestinal stromal tumour and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.1, 2 Adverse cutaneous reactions seem frequent, but have been poorly characterized to date. We report four patients with lichenoid mucocutaneous eruptions that occurred during treatment with imatinib. Patient 1 was a 76‐year‐old man with CML, previously treated with subcutaneous interferon alfa 3–10 MU daily and hydroxyurea 1 g daily, in whom imatinib 400 mg daily was initiated. Complete resolution was noted in 7 weeks. Imatinib was withdrawn due to constipation and bone pain, but was restarted 2 months later at an initial dose of 300 mg daily for 2 months, and then increased to 400 mg daily. Coinciding with this increased dosage, he developed an erythematous rash with lichenoid papules on the thorax and upper limbs (Fig. 1a) in association with subungual hyperkeratosis of fingernails and toenails. Histopathology of a punch biopsy specimen showed chronic superficial perivascular dermatitis with lichenoid damage in the basal layer and necrotic keratinocytes, consistent with a drug‐induced reaction (Fig. 1b).
Cross-Sectional Relations of Digital Vascular Function to Cardiovascular Risk Factors in the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Naomi M. Hamburg, Michelle J. Keyes, Martin G. Larson, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Renate Schnabel, Moira M. Pryde, Gary F. Mitchell, Jacob Sheffy, Joseph A. Vita, Emelia J. Benjamin
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Background— Digital pulse amplitude augmentation in response to hyperemia is a novel measure of peripheral vasodilator function that depends partially on endothelium-derived nitric oxide. Baseline digital pulse amplitude reflects local peripheral arterial tone. The relation of digital pulse amplitude and digital hyperemic response to cardiovascular risk factors in the community is unknown. Methods and Results— Using a fingertip peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) device, we measured digital pulse amplitude in Framingham Third Generation Cohort participants (n=1957; mean age, 40±9 years; 49% women) at baseline and in 30-second intervals for 4 minutes during reactive hyperemia induced by 5-minute forearm cuff occlusion. To evaluate the vascular response in relation to baseline, adjusting for systemic effects and skewed data, we expressed the hyperemic response (called the PAT ratio) as the natural logarithm of the ratio of postdeflation to baseline pulse amplitude in the hyperemic finger divided by the same ratio in the contralateral finger that served as control. The relation of the PAT ratio to cardiovascular risk factors was strongest in the 90- to 120-second postdeflation interval (overall model R 2 =0.159). In stepwise multivariable linear regression models, male sex, body mass index, ratio of total to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and lipid-lowering treatment were inversely related to PAT ratio, whereas increasing age was positively related to PAT ratio (all P &lt;0.01). Conclusions— Reactive hyperemia produced a time-dependent increase in fingertip pulse amplitude. Digital vasodilator function is related to multiple traditional and metabolic cardiovascular risk factors. Our findings support further investigations to define the clinical utility and predictive value of digital pulse amplitude.
Centres that work with cochlear implants listen to views of deaf community
Authors: J. Graham, R. Ramsden
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Rupert Gauntlett points out that a congenitally deaf child given a cochlear implant may not develop normal speech and so may not thrive in a mainstream school.1 He also emphasises the importance of sign language and “the vibrant culture of deaf people” in allowing congenitally deaf children to acquire language and mentions the opposition of some congenitally deaf adults to implantation for children. Our …
Erythropoietin accelerates smooth muscle cell–rich vascular lesion formation in mice through endothelial cell activation involving enhanced PDGF-BB release
Authors: Maarten L. Janmaat, Jasper L. T. Heerkens, Alexander M. de Bruin, Anita Klous, Vivian de Waard, Carlie J. M. de Vries
Journal: Blood (2009)