tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effects of intraduodenal bile acid administration on biliary secretion of ionized calcium and carbonate in man
Authors: Klaus Knyrim, Nimish Vakil, Rudolf Pfab, Meinhard Classen
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

The importance of calcium in gallstone formation is increasingly recognized. Calcium carbonate is an important constituent of gallbladder stones and may be present in the nidus of cholesterol stones. Secondary deposition of calcium carbonate on the surface of cholesterol gallstones is an important reason for failure of oral bile acid dissolution therapy. We sought to determine the effects of bile acids on the crystallization conditions of calcium carbonate in bile. We studied 18 patients with choledocholithiasis with a percutaneous or endoscopically placed catheter high in the biliary tree. Samples of bile in the basal state and following replacement of the bile acid pool with cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid were analyzed for total calcium, ionized calcium, bicarbonate and carbonate, and the saturation index for calcium carbonate was calculated. Hepatic bile in the basal state was supersaturated with calcium carbonate. Total calcium concentrations rose linearly with rising bile acid concentrations but ionized calcium was maintained in a relatively narrow range. These data are consistent with an important role for bile acids in binding calcium. Extrapolation of the linear regressions between bile acid concentration and calcium concentrations suggested that in the absence of bile acids, biliary calcium concentrations are in passive equilibrium with plasma. Chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid caused a bicarbonate-rich choleresis and significantly augmented the saturation index for calcium carbonate, whereas cholic acid caused no change. In contrast with animal models, the apparent choleretic activity of cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid was similar, and no hyper-choleresis was observed with ursodeoxycholic acid. Chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid therefore increase the thermodynamic possibility for calcium carbonate precipitation.
Any variability in outcome comparisons adjusted for case mix must be accounted for
Authors: D F Signorini, N U Weir
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—Parry et al draw attention to the difficulties faced by those wishing to use comparative outcome data to indicate performance.1 They clearly show the importance of adjusting for differences in case mix and allowing for random variation by establishing 95% confidence intervals for estimates of adjusted outcome. In addition to the uncertainty in the observed mortality, however, there is uncertainty in the predicted mortality. The overall lack of clarity in the rankings of the neonatal intensive care units might therefore …
Influence of superstition on the date of hospital discharge and medical cost in Japan: retrospective and descriptive study
Authors: K. Hira, T. Fukui, A. Endoh, M. Rahman, M. Maekawa
Journal: BMJ (1998)

To determine the influence of superstition about Taian (a lucky day)-Butsumetsu (an unlucky day) on decision to leave hospital. To estimate the costs of the effect of this superstition.Retrospective and descriptive study.University hospital in Kyoto, Japan.Patients who were discharged alive from Kyoto University Hospital from 1 April 1992 to 31 March 1995.Mean number, age, and hospital stay of patients discharged on each day of six day cycle.The mean number, age, and hospital stay of discharged patients were highest on Taian and lowest on Butsumetsu (25.8 v 19.3 patients/day, P=0.0001; 43.9 v 41.4 years, P=0.0001; and 43.1 v 33.3 days, P=0.0001 respectively). The effect of this difference on the hospital's costs was estimated to be 7.4 million yen (¿31 000).The superstition influenced the decision to leave hospital, contributing to higher medical care costs in Japan. Although hospital stays need to be kept as short as possible to minimise costs, doctors should not ignore the possible psychological effects on patients' health caused by dismissing the superstition.
Liver Damage and Angiosarcoma in Vinyl Chloride Workers
Authors: Laszlo Makk
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Recently, five cases of hepatic angiosarcoma were found in Louisville. All of the patients had worked in a plant engaged in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) from vinyl chloride. A systematic health surveillance program was instituted to detect existing liver damage or angiosarcoma and to find early signs of developing liver damage. A protocol was devised that began with on-site phlebotomies done in the plant and progressed to sophisticated hospital studies, if important abnormalities were found. All of the 1,183 employees of the plant were tested. Two new cases of hepatic angiosarcoma and three cases of portal fibrosis were discovered by this program at the initial screening. It is hoped that continuous health monitoring will aid detection of liver abnormalities while still in a reversible or curable state. (<i>JAMA</i>230:64-68, 1974)
226 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF SORAFENIB AT LONG TERM IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC): NEED TO SCREEN FOR CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS AFTER LONG TERM ADMINISTRATION
Authors: M. Reig, A. Forner, C. Rodriguez de Lope, J. Rimola, S. Tremosini, C. Mestres, C. Ayuso, J.M. Llovet, J. Bruix
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Risk factors for childhood asthma and wheezing. Importance of maternal and household smoking.
Authors: R I Ehrlich, D Du Toit, E Jordaan, M Zwarenstein, P Potter, J A Volmink, E Weinberg
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

To identify modifiable risk factors for wheezing illness in childhood, the associations between current asthma or wheezing and factors such as household smoking, damp and dietary salt preference were measured in a questionnaire-based prevalence study of schoolchildren 7 to 9 yr of age in Cape Town. In a random sample of 15 schools, questionnaires were completed by parents of 1,955 children, from which 368 cases and 294 controls were selected on the basis of reported asthma diagnosis or symptoms. Urinary cotinine concentrations were measured, and the parents were interviewed. An exposure-response relationship between the urinary cotinine creatinine ratio and asthma/wheeze was observed. In multivariate analysis, predictors of asthma/wheeze were hay fever (odds ratio [OR] - 5.30; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.16 to 8.89), eczema (OR = 2.19; 95% CI = 1.33-3.62), parental asthma (OR = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.11 to 2.84), absence of paternal contribution to income (OR = 1.72; 95% CI = 1.17 to 2.54), maternal smoking in pregnancy (OR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.25 to 2.81), and each additional household smoker (OR = 1.15; 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.30). Findings were similar, with higher odds ratios for most variables, except number of household smokers, when the group was restricted to children with parent-reported asthma. The findings confirm that household smoking is an important modifiable risk factor in asthma/wheeze among young schoolchildren, and they suggest that maternal smoking in pregnancy and current household exposure are independent contributors to this effect.
Necdin, a p53 target gene, regulates the quiescence and response to genotoxic stress of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells
Authors: Takashi Asai, Yan Liu, Silvana Di Giandomenico, Narae Bae, Delphine Ndiaye-Lobry, Anthony Deblasio, Silvia Menendez, Yevgeniy Antipin, Boris Reva, Rachel Wevrick, Stephen D. Nimer
Journal: Blood (2012)
Mathematical Analysis of Oscillatory and Non-oscillatory Recovery of Contractility after a Rested-State Contraction and Its Modification by Calcium
Authors: Christian J. Posner, David A. Berman
Journal: Circulation Research (1969)

Recovery of contractility after a rested-state contraction in rat ventricle proceeded in two phases and is described by equations that are solutions of a nonhomogeneous second-order differential equation. The recovery can be characterized by a damping ratio defined in terms of the constants of the homogeneous portion of the differential equation. When calcium concentration was elevated, the usual smooth recovery curve underwent oscillatory variation and thus became less damped. There was a shift in phase between oscillation in recovery and in resting tension after a rested-state contraction. A control system is proposed to regulate relaxation and subsequent recovery of contractility. Possible mechanisms for an effect of calcium on such a control system are discussed.
Leflunomide as a remission-maintaining therapy in difficult-to-treat dermatomyositis
Authors: V S Sangle, S R Sangle, D P D'Cruz
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

Dermatomyositis (DM) is an autoimmune disorder affecting skeletal muscles and skin with a female preponderance.1 Classification for DM by Bohan and Peter is still in use today.2

A 54-year-old woman presented with a facial rash, joint pains, generalised weakness and breathlessness. Clinically she had Gottron’s sign, mechanic’s hands, a heliotropic rash and weakness in her quadriceps grade 3 and neck muscles grade 4, on a five-point system. She had raised creatinine kinase (CK) >3000 u/l (normal 25–200 u/l), positive Rose–Waaler titre of 1:8 and Jo-1 antibodies. Electromyography showed typical myositic features and muscle biopsy showed perivascular …
Reviews and Notes: Neurology: Neurology
Authors: H. Kenneth Walker
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Literature of Medicine1 January 1995Reviews and Notes: Neurology: NeurologyH. Kenneth Walker, MDH. Kenneth Walker, MDAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-1-199501010-00041 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail NeurologyFifth edition. Howard Weiner and Lawrence Levitt. House Officer Series. 236 pages. Baltimore, Maryland: Williams & Wilkins; 1994. $20.00.James Parkinson wrote Essay on the Shaking Palsy in 1817. He did not examine his patients. He did not even describe the arresting rigidity of the disease, leaving this for Charcot to delineate 60 years later. The neurologic examination probably was started by Charles Bell, who published six collected papers in 1830 under the title The Nervous System of the Human Body. His hands were his most useful instrument: “When we held up the eye-lid, and threatened to touch the ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1995Volume 122, Issue 1Page: 79 Issue Published: 1 January 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Human immune responses to hapten-conjugated cells. I. Primary and secondary proliferative responses in vitro.
Authors: M F Seldin, R R Rich
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

An in vitro model was developed to study both primary and secondary proliferative responses of human lymphocytes to hapten-conjugated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Coculture of human lymphocytes with autologous trinitrophenyl (TNP)-conjugated stimulator cells resulted in primary proliferative responses. Subjects segregated into high and low primary responders with mean stimulation indices of 11 and 2.1, respectively. Restimulation of primed cells from high responder subjects 3 wk after initial sensitization generated secondary proliferative responses. To investigate the antigenic requirements for secondary stimulation, autologous TNP-conjugate primed responders were restimulated with both autologous and allogeneic TNP-conjugated stimulators. In all experiments restimulation with autologous conjugated cells yielded substantially greater proliferative responses than with allogeneic conjugates. Experiments were then performed to ascertain whether HLA determinant homology between primed responder and stimulator cells influenced the level of secondary responsiveness. Homology for HLA-A and B locus serologic determinants was not associated with enhanced responsiveness. In contrast, D region determinant homology, detected by B-cell antigen typing, showed a highly significant positive correlation with the magnitude of secondary responses. The data thus strongly suggest that for secondary proliferative responses to TNP, human T cells recognize hapten in association with HLA-D region determinants.
Treatment of active ankylosing spondylitis with infliximab: a randomised controlled multicentre trial
Authors: J Braun, J Brandt, J Listing, A Zink, R Alten, W Golder, E Gromnica-lhle, H Kellner, A Krause, M Schneider, H Sörensen, H Zeidler, W Thriene, J Sieper
Journal: The Lancet (2002)
Disciplinary attitudes and cigarette smoking: a comparison of two schools.
Authors: A Porter
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Two British boarding schools for boys with different disciplinary policies in respect of cigarette smoking were identified. Questionnaires were sent to the young "old boys" of each school to determine their present smoking habit and most were returned (school A 81%, school B 83%). Significantly more responders smoked who had been to the less strict school (school A 39%, school B 30%, p less than 0.05). These figures probably underestimate the smoking prevalence in the two complete groups. The results suggest that measures that reduce the exposure of an uncommitted adolescent to peer group smoking decrease the chances of tobacco dependence in adulthood.
The Soul in the Brain: The Cerebral Basis of Language, Art, and Belief
Authors: Mark H. Fleisher
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Immunoscintigraphy for detecting acute myocardial infarction without electrocardiographic changes.
Authors: D Jain, A Lahiri, E B Raftery
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To establish whether immunoscintigraphy with antibody to myosin may detect acute myocardial infarction without electrocardiographic changes. DESIGN--Prospective study of patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina with cardiac imaging with 111indium myosin antibody, estimation of cardiac enzyme concentrations, electrocardiography, 201thallium imaging, and radionuclide ventriculography. SETTING--Coronary care unit in a district general hospital. PATIENTS--119 Consecutive patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina. Patients with cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, valvular heart disease, myocardial infarction or cardiac surgery in the previous two weeks or with left bundle branch block and women of childbearing age were excluded. RESULTS--Of 75 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction, seven had no diagnostic electrocardiographic changes despite normal conduction patterns. Immunoscintigraphy with myosin antibody disclosed necrosis in all seven patients, which was localised in regions supplied by diseased coronary arteries in all but one. Six patients had abnormal images on 201thallium imaging, and all seven had abnormal wall motion at the site of antibody uptake. One patient with minimal left main stem and right coronary artery atheroma had uptake of antibody at two discrete sites. CONCLUSIONS--Immunoscintigraphy with antibody to myosin confirms myocardial infarction in the absence of electrocardiographic changes and discloses the site of infarction.
Aspirin and/or antioxidants did not prevent CV events in diabetes and peripheral arterial disease
Authors: Michael E. Farkouh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Source Citation Belch J, MacCuish A, Campbell I, et al. The prevention of progression of arterial disease and diabetes (POPADAD) trial: factorial randomised placebo controlled trial of aspirin and antioxidants in patients with diabetes and asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease. BMJ. 2008;337:a1840. 18927173
Bronchial gland dimensions in coalminers: influence of smoking and dust exposure.
Authors: A N Douglas, D Lamb, V A Ruckley
Journal: Thorax (1982)

Bronchi from 94 coalminers were examined for enlargement of the mucous glands. The measurements used were the mean and maximum ratios of gland thickness to wall thickness, the mean acinar diameter, and the ratio of the gland area to the area of the non-cartilaginous portion of the bronchial wall. The relationships between these measurements and the subjects9 smoking habits and their past exposure to dust in the coal mines were analysed. Smoking was found to be significantly related to mean and maximum gland-to-wall ratios. In addition, coalmine dust exposure was found to be significantly related to maximum gland:wall ratio. No significant relationships were found between gland dimensions and pneumoconiosis or dust retained in the lung. These results lend support to the view that irritants encountered in an occupational environment may play an important part in the development of hypersecretion of mucus.
The Great American Game-Reply
Authors: Laura King
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —I thank Dr Simpson for his interesting letter but point out that the rule regarding the placement of home base is not mandatory. According to the 1995 edition of<i>Official Baseball Rules</i>,<sup>1</sup>"<i>It is desirable</i>that the line from home base through the pitcher's plate to second base shall run east-northeast." [emphasis added] In response to Dr Ray, in my Cover Story I wrote that baseball is mythologized as the great social equalizer and that this notion is "naive" and "romanticized." I state that "the idea of a level playing field" must have been appealing to Friedman and that "he was struck by the<i>thought</i>of the one place where no one was an outsider" (italics added). I did not intend to imply that baseball is the one place where everyone is equal, but rather that this is how baseball is idealized. Indeed, major league baseball was
Points: Effects of maternal smoking on the newborn infant
Authors: R A Pastel
Journal: BMJ (1987)

maladministration of the HM(61)112 procedure or its successor.There is a parallel-the Police Complaints Board.Even worse than HM(61)112 for disciplining doctors, however, is RHB(51)81, where the employing authority can be the complainant, prosecuting council, judge, and appeal court while the suspended doctor is denied any legal repre- sentation although the lawyers acting on behalf of the employer are allowed to be present.It is difficult to have any confidence in such a system.
539 TGFB EXPRESSION IN CD4+/CD25+/FOXP3+/CD127LOW CELLS MAY HELP TO DISTINGUISH HCV HEPATITIS FROM REJECTION IN LIVER TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS
Authors: P. Fytili, A. Gronert, C. Meyer-Heithuis, J. Klempnauer, E. Jaeckel, M.P. Manns, M. Cornberg, H. Wedemeyer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Hepatic Transport and Bile Secretion: Physiology and Pathophysiology
Authors: G M Murphy
Journal: Gut (1994)

Effects of Kanechlor-500 (KC500), a commercial polychlorinated biphenyl mixture, on the levels of serum thyroid hormones such as total thyroxine (T<sub>4</sub>) and triiodothyronine were examined in male mice, hamsters, rats, and guinea pigs. Four days after a single intraperitoneal injection of KC500, significant decreases in the levels of the serum total T<sub>4</sub> and free T<sub>4</sub> occurred in all the animals examined, whereas a significant decrease in the level of serum triiodothyronine was observed only in guinea pigs among the animals examined. In addition, no significant change in the level of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone was observed in any of the rodents examined. A significant increase in the activity of hepatic T<sub>4</sub>-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase after the KC500 administration occurred only in guinea pigs, whereas the increase in the amount of biliary [<sup>125</sup>I]T<sub>4</sub> glucuronide after an intravenous injection of [<sup>125</sup>I]T<sub>4</sub> to the KC500-pretreated animals occurred only in rats. On the other hand, in all the rodents examined, KC500-pretreatment promoted the clearance of [<sup>125</sup>I]T<sub>4</sub> from the serum and led to a significant increase in the steady-state distribution volumes of [<sup>125</sup>I]T<sub>4</sub>. Likewise, its pretreatment raised the concentration ratio (<i>K</i><sub>p</sub> value) of the liver to serum and the liver distribution of [<sup>125</sup>I]T<sub>4</sub> in all the rodents tested. The present findings indicate that for the first time the KC500-mediated decrease in the serum T<sub>4</sub> level in mice, hamsters, rats and guinea pigs occurs mainly through an increase in the accumulation level of T<sub>4</sub> in the liver.
Therapeutic Contributions to the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Authors: Charles M. Plotz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 November 1965Therapeutic Contributions to the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis.Charles M. Plotz, M.D., F.A.C.P., Harry Spiera, M.D., Donald Gerber, M.D.Charles M. Plotz, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Harry Spiera, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Donald Gerber, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-63-5-922 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSince the immunologic approach to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis has reached a point of diminishing returns, a study has been made of possible mechanisms of action both of those drugs believed to help this disease and those drugs that produce or exacerbate it.Beneficial drugs for rheumatoid arthritis may be broadly divided into those with immediate activity, mainly such anti-inflammatory agents as salicylates, adrenocortical steroids, phenylbutazone, indomethacin, flufenamic and mefenamic acids, and those with delayed activity such as gold and the antimalarials. Drugs that may produce a rheumatoid-like picture, or at least one of a related connective tissue disease,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Charles M. Plotz, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Harry Spiera, M.D.; Donald Gerber, M.D.Affiliations: Brooklyn, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1965Volume 63, Issue 5Page: 922-922KeywordsAcidsAntimalarialsConnective tissue diseasesDrugsPathogenesisRheumatoid arthritisSalicylatesSteroids ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...