tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Elevated C-Reactive Protein Levels Do Not Correspond to Autoimmunity in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Andras Treszl, Laszlo Szereday, Alessandro Doria, George L. King, Tihamer Orban
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

everal clinical trials (1) have demonstrated that vitamin E does not reduce future major cardiovascular (CV) events.However, these trials could not rule out the potential benefit for highrisk subgroups.Diabetic individuals who are homozygous for the haptoglobin 2 allele (Hp 2-2) are at high risk for CV events (2-4); moreover, the Hp 2-2 protein product is an inferior antioxidant compared with the Hp 1 allele (5).We therefore hypothesized that vitamin E may reduce CV events in Hp 2-2 diabetic individuals.Hp type was measured in 3,167 participants (1,078 with diabetes) of the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) trial, which evaluated the 4.5year effects of 400 IU vitamin E daily on the primary composite of CV death, myocardial infarction, and stroke (1).No significant benefit of vitamin E supplementation was detected in either the entire group or in the diabetic subset, consistent with what was previously reported for the entire HOPE cohort (1).In Hp 2-2 diabetic participants, there was a trend toward a reduced primary composite outcome (relative risk 0.70 [95% CI 0.45-1.10])and a statistically significant reduction in the risk of CV death (0.45 [0.23-0.90])and nonfatal myocardial infarction (0.57 [0.33-0.97]).However, this trend was not observed for strokes (1.15 [0.47-2.82]),and there was no statistical interaction between vitamin E use and haptoglobin type for either the composite outcome or any of its components.In conclusion, the absence of any statistical interaction indicates that these data do not support the hypothesis that the effects of vitamin E differed by Hp phenotype.Therefore, the results noted above in Hp 2-2 diabetic individuals demonstrating a significant reduction in CV death and myocardial infarction could be spurious and clearly require prospective testing in future trials.
Continuous Caudal Analgesia
Authors: R. A. Hingson
Journal: BMJ (1949)

TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT TERTIAN MALARIA RDIHJ 777 repeated in six to eight hours if necessary.Mepacrine sulphonate (atebrin musonate) may also be given intra- venously, but the margin of safety with this drug is low, and the intramuscular route is to be preferred, 200 mg.being injected into each buttock (total dosage 400 mg.).Good results have also been claimed with chloroquine and camoquin given intramuscularly.Should none of the above-mentioned drugs be available, quinine sulphate 15 to 30 gr. (I to 2 g.) may be given per rectum, mixed with starch paste thin enough to run through a rectal catheter.The drug is rapidly absorbed by this route.As soon as the patient is able to take drugs by mouth all further medication should be administered orally.The action of proguanil is not sufficiently rapid to warrant the use of this drug in cases of extreme urgency.Blood transfusion may be indicated in pernicious malaria accompanied by grave anaemia.Vomiting, if persistent, may be relieved by intravenous injections of 5 % glucose in 200 to 400 ml. of normal saline, repeated if necessary, and supplemented by 1 mg. of thiamin hydrochloride for each 25 g. of glucose.Summary The relative merits of the various specific drugs now avail- able for the treatment of malignant tertian malaria are discussed in detail.Emphasis is laid on the importance of differentiating this disease from a number of others which it may simulate very closely, and on the fact that infections with different geo- graphical strains of P. falciparum may vary widely in their response to treatment with the same antimalarial drug.
Renal artery dysplasia with hypertension in neurofibromatosis.
Authors: E Bourke, P B Gatenby
Journal: BMJ (1971)

stain a dusky slate blue, the parathyroid adenomata all stain dark blue to purple.In most patients the thyroid gland and the strap muscles are tinged a light blue.Thyroid cysts when present seem to take up the dye and stain dark blue, but this does not prove confusing.No troublesome side effects were Identification of Glands Preoperative Parathyroids Case No. Infusion Time R. IV R. III L. IV L. III 1 .. 2 hours 0 -_ -2 ..
Early diastolic mitral annular tissue doppler velocities predicts the degree of left atrial appendage stunning following conversion to sinus rhythm after short duration atrial fibrillation in a canine model
Authors: Erwan Donal, Hirotsugu Yamada, None Yong Jin Kim, Neil L. Greenberg, Deborah A. Agler, Shaowei Zhuang, Youhua Zhang, Don W. Wallick, Kent A. Mowrey, Todor N. Mazgalev, James D. Thomas, Richard A. Grimm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Incidental Bronchogenic Cyst Detected on F-18 FDG Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Evis Sala, Richard Coulden
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Bronchogenic cysts are congenital lesions resulting from abnormal development of the ventral diverticulum of the primitive foregut during embryogenesis of the tracheobronchial tree. They are commonly located in the mediastinum and are usually in the subcarinal region (52%). On computed tomography, they appear as sharply outlined lesions that contain water (50%) or higher attenuation material. We describe a case of a focal photon-deficient FDG area in the subcarinal region, which corresponded to a bronchogenic cyst, in a patient who underwent positron emission tomography imaging for staging lung carcinoma.
Biochemical and pharmacological properties of SR 49059, a new, potent, nonpeptide antagonist of rat and human vasopressin V1a receptors.
Authors: C Serradeil-Le Gal, J Wagnon, C Garcia, C Lacour, P Guiraudou, B Christophe, G Villanova, D Nisato, J P Maffrand, G Le Fur
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

SR 49059, a new potent and selective orally active, nonpeptide vasopressin (AVP) antagonist has been characterized in several in vitro and in vivo models. SR 49059 showed high affinity for V1a receptors from rat liver (Ki = 1.6 +/- 0.2) and human platelets, adrenals, and myometrium (Ki ranging from 1.1 to 6.3 nM). The previously described nonpeptide V1 antagonist, OPC-21268, was almost inactive in human tissues at concentrations up to 100 microM. SR 49059 exhibited much lower affinity (two orders of magnitude or more) for AVP V2 (bovine and human), V1b (human), and oxytocin (rat and human) receptors and had no measurable affinity for a great number of other receptors. In vitro, AVP-induced contraction of rat caudal artery was competitively antagonized by SR 49059 (pA2 = 9.42). Furthermore, SR 49059 inhibited AVP-induced human platelet aggregation with an IC50 value of 3.7 +/- 0.4 nM, while OPC-21268 was inactive up to 20 microM. In vivo, SR 49059 inhibited the pressor response to exogenous AVP in pithed rats (intravenous) and in conscious normotensive rats (intravenous and per os) with a long duration of action (> 8 h at 10 mg/kg p.o). In all the biological assays used, SR 49059 was devoid of any intrinsic agonistic activity. Thus, SR 49059 is the most potent and selective nonpeptide AVP V1a antagonist described so far, with marked affinity, selectivity, and efficacy toward both animal and human receptors. With this original profile, SR 49059 constitutes a powerful tool for exploring the therapeutical usefulness of a selective V1a antagonist.
Recent Trends in Hospitalization for Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Ontario Children
Authors: Jacqueline R. Curtis, Teresa To, Sarah Muirhead, Elizabeth Cummings, Denis Daneman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE—To investigate trends and geographic variation in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) hospitalization rates among children in Ontario from 1991 to 1999. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) data were used to identify 15,872 diabetes-related hospital admissions in children younger than 19 years in Ontario from 1991 to 1999. Of these, 5,008 admissions were because of DKA and 10,864 admissions were because of conditions other than DKA (non-DKA). Small area variation analysis was used to compare areas with high versus low DKA admission rates. RESULTS—There was a 19% relative decrease in the overall diabetes admission rate over the study period. Non-DKA admissions decreased by 29%, whereas DKA admissions remained stable. Total days of care decreased by 393 days per year for non-DKA admissions and by 99 days per year for DKA admissions. The average length of hospital stay decreased from 4.9 to 3.5 days for non-DKA admissions and from 4.5 to 3.2 days for DKA admissions. The fatality rate was 0.19% for non-DKA admissions and 0.18% for DKA admissions. Variation across geographic areas remained stable for DKA over the study period (Kendall’s correlation coefficient 0.64, P = 0.017) with an average 3.7-fold difference between the lowest and highest regions. CONCLUSIONS—Increased ambulatory care efforts for children with type 1 diabetes in Ontario have successfully reduced non-DKA admission rates. However, DKA admission rates have remained stable. Geographic variation for DKA admissions is low, but the observed 3.7-fold difference is clinically important for a preventable complication with a significant potential for long-term morbidity and mortality. Prevention strategies are needed, particularly in areas identified with the highest rates.
Vasospasm of the nipple a manifestation of Raynaud's phenomenon: case reports
Authors: L. Lawlor-Smith, C. Lawlor-Smith
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Objective: To investigate possible risk factors and mechanisms behind the four times higher and diverging mortality from coronary heart disease in Lithuanian compared with Swedish middle aged men.Design: Concomitant cross sectional comparison of randomly selected 50 year old men without serious acute or chronic disease.Methods and equipment were identical or highly standardised between the centres.Setting: Linköping (Sweden) and Vilnius (Lithuania).Subjects: 101 and 109 men aged 50 in Linköping and Vilnius respectively.Main outcome measures: Anthropometric data, blood pressure, smoking, plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to oxidation, and plasma concentrations of fat soluble antioxidant vitamins.Results: Systolic blood pressure was higher (141 v 133 mm Hg, P < 0.01), smoking habits were similar, and plasma total cholesterol (5.10 v 5.49 mmol/l, P < 0.01) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (3.30 v 3.68 mmol/l, P < 0.01) lower in men from Vilnius compared with those from Linköping.Triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and Lp(a) lipoprotein concentrations did not differ between the two groups.The resistance of low density lipoprotein to oxidation was lower in the men from Vilnius; lag phase was 67.6 v 79.5 minutes (P < 0.001).Also lower in the men from Vilnius were mean plasma concentrations of lipid soluble antioxidant vitamins ( carotene 377 v 510 nmol/l, P < 0.01; lycopene 327 v 615 nmol/l, P < 0.001; and lipid adjusted tocopherol 0.25 v 0.46 mol/mmol, P < 0.001.Tocopherol concentration did not differ).Regression analysis showed that the lag phase was still significantly shorter by 10 minutes in men from Vilnius when the influence of other known factors was taken into account. Conclusions:The high mortality from coronary heart disease in Lithuania is not caused by traditional risk factors alone.Mechanisms related to antioxidant state may be important.
The relevance of peripheral baroreceptors and chemoreceptors to regulation of cerebral blood flow in the cat.
Authors: D Bates, T M Sundt
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

The contribution of neural vasomotor reflexes to the control of cerebral blood flow (CBF) was investigated in 30 cats lightly anesthetized with pentobarbital. CBF was measured both by kinetic analysis and by the intial slope technique of the washout curve of a bolus of 133Xe. Autoregulation (10 cats) and responsiveness to alteration in arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) (10 cats) and arterial PO2 (Pao2) (five cats) were assessed both before and after bilateral intracranial division of the 9th and 10th nerves. In an additional group (five cats), related changes in CBF to alteration of PaCO2 were recorded before and after unilateral section of the 7th and 8th nerves. Autoregulation was preserve after division of the 9th and 10th nerves and there was no significant change in the PaCO2 response curves. Section of the 7th and 8th cranial nerves did not produce conclusive results in the small number of cats studied. A conclusion that the facial nerves are not dominant in responses to hypercapnia seems justified, but a modulating role for these nerves is possible. These studies do not exclude a physiological role for these nerves in the autoregulation of CBF, but do indicate that the cerebral vascular bed apparently is capable of functioning normally after their division.
Testing the limits of the ontogenetic sources of talent and excellence
Authors: Paul B. Baltes
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Experiential factors such as long-term deliberate practice are powerful and necessary conditions for outstanding achievement. Nevertheless, to be able to reject the role of biology based individual differences (including genetic ones) in the manifestation of talent requires designs that expose heterogeneous samples to so-called testing-the-limits conditions, allowing asymptotic levels of performance to be analyzed comparatively. When such research has been conducted, as in the field of lifespan cognition, individual differences, including biology based ones, come to the fore and demonstrate that the orchestration of excellence requires joint attention to genetic–biological and experiential factors.
We’re all pharmacologists now
Authors: Ike Iheanacho
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Endlessly repeated, a half truth can mutate to dogma and then unquestioned “fact.” So, having become what everybody thinks they know, the half truth is free to distort thought, discussion, and action.

Into this category falls the notion that the drug industry conducts most of the key testing of its products. This is sort of true but only from the narrow perspective that equates research with steering committees, consent forms, confidence intervals, and publication.

Such “official” research may, of course, be far removed from everyday clinical care. And …
499 VERY-EARLY VIRAL RESPONSE (WEEK-1) TO TRIPLE THERAPY WITH TELAPREVIR, PEG-INTERFERON AND RIBAVIRIN PREDICTS EXTENDED-RVR AND TREATMENT OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH HCV GENOTYPE 1
Authors: K. Takaguchi, H. Toyota, T. Seno, N. Baba, T. Nagano, T. Kumada, K. Kato, N. Shimada, T. Ide, M. Sata, A. Tsubota, N. Izumi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Vascular transport of insulin to rat cardiac muscle. Central role of the capillary endothelium.
Authors: R S Bar, M Boes, A Sandra
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Using intact, beating hearts, we have assessed the interaction of insulin with capillary endothelium and the subsequent appearance of insulin in cardiac muscle. Rat hearts were perfused with 125I-insulin (10(-10) M) alone or in combination with unlabeled insulin (10(-9)-10(-5) M). 125I grains (shown to represent greater than 90% intact insulin) over both capillary endothelium and cardiac muscle decreased in a dose-dependent manner when hearts were co-perfused with labeled insulin and increasing concentrations of unlabeled insulin. Perfusion of 125I-desoctapeptide (DOP) insulin, a low affinity insulin analogue, with unlabeled insulin (10(-9)-10(-5) M) had no effect on the appearance of 125I-DOP insulin over microvessel endothelium and muscle. When capillary receptors were first destroyed by trypsin treatment or blocked by anti-receptor antibodies, the appearance of 125I-insulin in cardiac muscle decreased proportional to the inhibition of insulin binding to the capillary receptors. We conclude that insulin binding to capillary endothelial receptors is a central step in the transport of intravascular insulin to rat cardiac muscle.
New Vaccine Development: Establishing Priorities, vol 1: Diseases of Importance in the United States
Authors: Alfred M. Prince
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Vaccines represent one of the most effective, economical, and often the only means for prevention of infectious diseases. Nevertheless, as widely noted, all is not well with the vaccine field. During the past decade, pharmaceutical manufacturers have progressively reduced their involvement with vaccines. More and more, essential vaccines are being produced by single manufacturers in the United States. Many factors have been cited to account for this distressing trend: high ratios of costs of development to return on investment as compared with the development of drugs, regulatory delays, and fear of litigation connected with supposed vaccine-related injury. Research and development in the vaccine area has suffered as a result of this disinterest on the part of the pharmaceutical industry, as well as from the many competing demands on the federal biomedical research budget. This is especially disappointing in light of the exciting new possibilities for vaccine development due to the
The U.K. Working Party's Diagnostic Criteria for Atopic Dermatitis II. Observer variation of clinical diagnosis and signs of atopic dermatitis
Authors: H.C. WILLIAMS, P.G. JBURNEY, D. STRACHAN, R.J. HAY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

The level of agreement between 14 physicians as to what constitutes a case of atopic dermatitis was tested on 15 selected patients with a range of diagnoses. Between-observer agreement was good, with a mean pair agreement index (P0) of 0.94, and a chance corrected index (κ) of 0.78. Between- observer agreement in the recording of 18 separate physical signs of atopic dermatitis was then tested by asking the 14 physicians to note the presence or absence of each sign in a different group of patients to those seen in the first part of the exercise. Substantial between-observer agreement (κ>0.61) was only present for truncal dermatitis. Most signs showed only fair to moderate agreement (κ0.21–0.60), and some signs, such as keratosis pilaris, xerosis, orbital pigmentation, fine hair, and extensor dermatitis, showed poor agreement (κ0.01–0.20). The findings were similar when the responses of two independent observers from the national study outlined in Paper I were compared for each sign. Within-observer variation for the recording of physical signs was substantially better than between-observer variation. Physicians interested in atopic dermatitis agree reasonably well on what constitutes a typical case of atopic dermatitis. Between-observer variation with regard to some physical signs of atopic dermatitis is of a magnitude which argues against their continued use in clinical and epidemiological studies.
Results of U.S. phase I clinical trial of closure of patent foramen ovale associated with stroke/transient ischemic attack or peripheral embolism using the amplatzerfi patent foramen ovale device
Authors: Tom Hong, Ziyad M. Hijazi, Donald J. Hagler, Hitendra Patel, John P. Cheatham, Lowell Satler, Richard Smalling
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Antagonism of the Phosphatase PP1 by the Measles Virus V Protein Is Required for Innate Immune Escape of MDA5
Authors: Meredith E. Davis, May K. Wang, Linda J. Rennick, Florian Full, Sebastian Gableske, Annelies W. Mesman, Sonja I. Gringhuis, Teunis B.H. Geijtenbeek, W. Paul Duprex, Michaela U. Gack
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2014)
Abstract 5591: Detection of autoantibody responses to prostate cancer-associated antigens following treatment of patients with androgen deprivation therapy
Authors: Brett B. Maricque, Douglas G. McNeel
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Over the last decade, immunotherapies have been developed for the treatment of prostate cancer with the goal of generating anti-tumor immune responses. Vaccine-based treatments target the immune system to a specific antigen, or set of antigens, expressed by the tumor. Other therapeutic modalities, including androgen deprivation therapy, can result in tissue damage and have been demonstrated to elicit prostate antigen-specific immune responses. The evaluation of immune responses to individual tumor antigens in the context of these non-antigen-specific immunomodulatory treatments has been notoriously difficult and time-consuming. We have previously reported a panel of 125 commonly recognized prostate cancer-associated antigens identified from multiple IgG screening approaches. This panel included multiple cancer-testis antigens and antigenic proteins recognized by IgG in patients with chronic prostatitis or prostate cancer. In the current study we questioned whether this panel could be used to identify antigen-specific immune responses elicited in patients with prostate cancer following androgen deprivation. 125 lambda phage encoding these unique antigens were spotted in triplicate using a high-throughput, high-density SEREX methodology. Sera were obtained from 33 patients with prostate cancer collected pretreatment and three months post-androgen deprivation therapy. These sera were used to probe this panel and IgG antibody responses were detected and objectively quantified by densitometry. 31 sera sets met pre-specified criteria as adequate for analysis. Results demonstrated that autoantibodies were induced to 62 of the 125 antigens. IgG responses were elicited to 21 of the antigens in multiple patients, including MAD-Pro-34, MAD-CT-1, and LAGE-1, each of which have previously been demonstrated to be the targets of autoantibody responses in prostate cancer patients. IgG responses were detected to at least one protein in 18 of 31 patients, and to multiple antigens in 11 of 31 patients. These data demonstrate that androgen deprivation elicits IgG responses to prostate-associated proteins, and that responses can be detected using a panel of commonly recognized prostate antigens. Further studies will aim to characterize this panel and autoantibody profiles in patients treated with other non-antigen-specific immunotherapies or anti-prostate tumor vaccines. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5591.
Association between allergic disease and reactivity to recombinant Der p 2 allergen of house dust mites in a tropical situation
Authors: Neil R. Lynch, Franca S. Puccio, Maria Di Prisco, Jaime E. Escudero, Marianella Nozzolino, Lee A. Hazel, Wendy A. Smith, Wayne R. Thomas
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)
Cytokine-induced nitric oxide production inhibits mitochondrial energy production and impairs contractile function in rat cardiac myocytes
Authors: Tetsuya Tatsumi, Satoaki Matoba, Akira Kawahara, Natsuya Keira, Jun Shiraishi, Kazuko Akashi, Miyuki Kobara, Tetsuya Tanaka, Maki Katamura, Chiaki Nakagawa, Bon Ohta, Takeshi Shirayama, Kazuo Takeda, Jun Asayama, Henry Fliss, Masao Nakagawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Cardiologist let his ambition interfere with patients' best interests, GMC is told
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

An “accomplished” interventional cardiologist allowed personal ambition to compromise his duty to act in his patients’ best interests, a General Medical Council fitness to practise panel was told this week.

Joseph Motwani, a consultant at Derriford Hospital in Plymouth, is accused of carrying out interventional procedures on a number of patients without giving them a proper opportunity to opt for coronary artery bypass surgery instead.

In some cases, the GMC alleges, the patients’ best interests would have been better served by surgery rather than by percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI]. The procedure went …