tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunotoxicity of PCBs (Aroclors) in relation to Great Lakes.
Authors: H Tryphonas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are among the most widespread environmental pollutants and a prominent contaminant of the Great Lakes basin. Due to their resistance to biodegradation and lipophilic properties, PCBs bioaccumulate in fish tissues and in fish-eating humans. PCBs are also known to cross the placenta and to be excreted into the mother's milk, thus predisposing the infant to potentially adverse health effects. For example, a higher incidence of bacterial infections was reported for breast-fed infants born to mothers who consumed large amounts of Great Lakes fish compared to the incidence in control infants whose mothers ingested low amounts of fish. While data regarding the PCB-induced immunotoxic effects in humans are scarce, data derived from the use of experimental animals, including nonhuman primates, indicate that the immune system is a potential target for the immunotoxic effects of PCBs. Such studies have used the commercially available PCB mixtures alone. However, PCBs have the potential of partially antagonizing the effects of other structurally related compounds including the highly toxic dioxins, which are also present in small amounts in the Great Lakes. Thus, to fully evaluate the magnitude of the immunotoxic risk PCBs pose to humans, consideration should be given to investigations in which the interactive effects of PCBs are combined with other contaminants present in the Great Lakes.
The School Nurse Practitioner Program
Authors: Henry K. Silver
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The school nurse practitioner program is a new educational and training program in pediatric health care for professional nurses which prepares school nurses to assume an expanded role in providing improved health care to school-aged children. School nurses will be prepared to offer comprehensive well-child care and to identify and assess the factors that may operate to produce learning disorders, psychoeducational problems, perceptive-cognitive difficulties, and behavior problems as well as those causing physical disease. The school will serve as a principal setting for comprehensive primary and continuing health care and services since it is the one place where children between the ages of 5 and 18 years are regularly and readily accessible. Effective utilization of nurses in a school setting could result in a major modification of the present health-care system.
Abstract 3245: The Golgi protein GLG1 participates in tumor progression
Authors: Anne Planche, Marina Bacac, Ivan Stamenkovic
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Increasing evidence suggests that endocytosis and membrane trafficking are deregulated in cancer cells. Because of their dependence on selected signaling pathways, tumor cells may need to rely on accelerated receptor recycling and increased secretion of a variety of molecules such as matrix components, adhesion molecules and growth factors. Mass spectrometry analysis of proteins associated with separase, recently shown to be an important regulator of membrane trafficking, identified the Golgi apparatus protein 1 (GLG1). GLG1 is primarily known as an E-selectin ligand that mediates the initial step of tethering and rolling of leukocytes on vascular endothelium. We therefore addressed the possibility that GLG1 could play a similar role in circulating tumor cells, facilitating arrest and extravasation into adjacent tissues. Consistent with this possibility, tail vein injection of stably GLG1-depleted tumor cells into NOD/SCID mice resulted in reduced numbers of metastatic nodules. Moreover, metastatic tumor growth was almost exclusively intravascular, indicating impaired extravasation of tumor cells. Further investigation, however, showed that, in tumor cells, GLG1 is almost exclusively localized to the Golgi apparatus, challenging the notion that it plays a direct role in mediating tumor cell adhesion to endothelium as in leukocytes. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which GLG1 could affect tumor cell migration through interactions at the Golgi level, we conducted experiments using GLG1-depleted human tumor cell lines. Transient silencing of GLG1 by siRNA was observed to modify cell shape (elongated morphology), to markedly alter Golgi architecture, to inhibit migration of a range of tumor cell lines, and to decrease β1 integrin protein level and impair its internalization/recycling. In addition, subsequent experiments led to the identification of BIG1, an Arf-GEF required to initiate membrane vesicle formation by promoting guanine-nucleotide exchange on Arf1 and Arf3, as a new interactor of GLG1. Taken together, our observations provide insight into a novel and specific role of GLG1 in tumor progression by affecting, thanks to its privileged position in the secretory pathway, trafficking of key molecules implicated in cell migration. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3245. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3245
High-Dose Melphalan versus Melphalan plus Dexamethasone for AL Amyloidosis
Authors: Arnaud Jaccard, Philippe Moreau, Veronique Leblond, Xavier Leleu, Lotfi Benboubker, Olivier Hermine, Christian Recher, Bouchra Asli, Bruno Lioure, Bruno Royer, Fabrice Jardin, Frank Bridoux, Bernard Grosbois, Jérome Jaubert, Jean-Charles Piette, Pierre Ronco, Fabrice Quet, Michel Cogne, Jean-Paul Fermand
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation has been reported to provide higher response rates and better overall survival than standard chemotherapy in immunoglobulin-light-chain (AL) amyloidosis, but these two strategies have not been compared in a randomized study.
Matrix metalloproteinases in gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: P D BROWN
Journal: Gut (1998)

Matrix metalloproteinases in gastrointestinal cancerMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of enzymes that are responsible for the breakdown of connective tissue proteins.These enzymes play a central role in tissue remodelling associated with growth, development and repair.In these physiological processes MMP activity is tightly regulated.However, it is clear that aberrant MMP expression can contribute to the pathogenesis of several diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, tumour invasion and metastasis, multiple sclerosis, cerebral haemorrhage, and inflammatory bowel disease.The focus of this short article is the expression of MMP activity in gastrointestinal cancer.Rather than provide a complete overview of research in this area the article will consider areas of particular clinical relevance, such as the potential use of MMPs as prognostic markers and the use of MMP inhibitors in the treatment of cancer.For further insight into the role of MMPs in tumour invasion and metastasis the reader is referred to the recent review by Chambers and Matrisian.
“Ambulation” after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: J. Willis Hurst
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

The paper, "Value of Early Ambulation in Patients with and without Complications after Acute Myocardial Infarction," by Abraham and his colleagues, elsewhere in this issue of the Journal deserves careful scrutiny.A number of questions should be asked about every scientific article, including this one.The first is whether the investigators have precisely stated the problem that they wish to study. The authors state, "We now report a prospective, randomized, controlled investigation of early ambulation in all patients admitted to the hospital with acute myocardial infarction regardless of the presence or absence of complications, provided the patients survived for a . . .
Current Practice of Medicine
Authors: Ted W. Grace
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Almost encyclopedic in size and scope, this text has four bound volumes and more than 300 chapters. A work of this magnitude serves more as a reference library than a textbook. In such a multiauthored book with hundreds of contributors, overlaps, repetitions, and contradictions are not unusual. However, this work has been edited for uniformity in content and style, making it very readable. The chapters are attractively formatted with a two-color design, prominent titles are used throughout, key points for each chapter are bulleted, and the most recently published references are highlighted. Fifteen specialty areas in internal medicine, including general internal medicine, are covered in detail in separate sections. While these sections are comprehensive, great efforts have been taken to keep them succinct—sometimes to a fault. A number of subjects are not covered in enough detail to be helpful. Each chapter has an annotated list of suggested readings
GW25-e0548 Effects of arsenic trioxide on cell apoptosis and voltage-gated potassium currents of rat mesenteric arterial smooth muscle cells
Authors: Jing-Xiu Li, En-Ze Jin, Long-Hao Yu, None Xin-Li, Yu-Mei Dong, Qing-Hui Yang, Shu-Jun Yan, Xue-Qi Li
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Fiberendoscopic Monitorized Dilatation of Oesophageal Strictures in Children
Authors: S. Cadranel, P. Rodesch, J. Peeters, M. Cremer, N. Cremer
Journal: Endoscopy (1977)

Oesophageal dilatations were performed 55 times in 10 children aged 2 months to 8 years presenting with acquired strictures of several origins. Classical bougienage with rubber material and newer technique with the Eder-Puestow's metallic olives system were used successively. The conjunction of the latter with systematic use of fiberendoscopy enhances considerably the safety of the procedure and permits better functional results.
Relation between mental health care and general development
Authors: Alex Souter, R Srinivasa Murthy, Ahmad Mohit
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—Disparities remain worldwide between high and low income countries in mental health services and protection of human rights for mentally ill patients.1 Substantial improvement has not been achieved in mental health since 2001, regional imbalances also remaining similar.2 When does society give importance to disadvantaged people? Can society be expected to …
Abstract 583: Physiological concentrations of genistein reduced ER-α promoter methylation and increased ER-α expression in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Abeer M. Mahmoud, Wancai Yang, Umaima Al-Alem, Maarten C. Bosland
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer death among men in the United States. The lower incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer in Asian population were correlated to the high dietary consumption of isoflavone-rich soy. One of the most abundant and potent isoflavones in soy is genistein which has an estradiol like structure and high affinity to estrogen receptor-α (ER-α). It has been suggested that genistein exerts its anti-cancer effects through binding to ER-α, the later has anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in prostate cancer. ER-α is mainly expressed in prostate epithelial cells and is downregulated in localized prostate cancer with increasing grade from Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PIN) through low to high Gleason grade. This expression pattern supports the notion of a tumor suppressor role of ER-α. Therefore, ER-α agonists may be potential chemopreventive and therapeutic agents for prostate cancer. One of the mechanisms by which ER-α is suppressed in prostate cancer is promoter methylation, the extent of which correlates with the ER-α expression level which in turn may be linked to the degree of aggressiveness of prostate cancer. We examined the effects of physiological range of genistein concentrations (0.5, 1, and 10µM) on ER-α promoter methylation and ER-α expression in LNCaP, LAPC-4, and PC-3 prostate cancer cells that exhibit various basal levels of ER-α expression. We demonstrated for the first time that genistein caused a significant dose-dependent reduction in ER-α promoter methylation in LNCaP and LAPC-4 cells, using methylation specific PCR. There was a corresponding dose-related increase in ER-α mRNA and protein levels in these two cell lines assayed by quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting, respectively. However, ER-α expression levels and ER-α promoter methylation were not changed in PC-3 cells, which could be attributed to the low basal level of ER-α promoter methylation and the high basal level of ER-α expression in this cell line. These findings suggest that physiological concentrations of genistein is capable of reactivating tumor suppressor pathways by reversing ER-α promoter methylation with a subsequent restoration of the level of ER-α expression in prostate cancer cells that have higher basal levels of methylation. (Supported in part by Grant No. CA116195) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 583. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-583
Abstract 2937: Dual roles of ERK2 to TRAIL sensitivity in SK-N-MC neuroepithelioma cells.
Authors: Hye Lim Jung, Myoung Woo Lee, Ji Eun Eom, Dea Seong Kim, Hyo-Jung Park, Dong-Kyung Yu, Meong Hi Son, Soo Hyun Lee, Keon Hee Yoo, Ki Woong Sung, Hong Hoe Koo
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a new promising agent for clinical use since it kills a wide range of tumor cells but not normal cells. It is regulated by 2 death receptors (DR), DR4 (TRAIL-R1) and DR5 (TRAIL-R2), and 2 decoy receptors (DcR), DcR1 (TRAIL-R3) and DcR2 (TRAIL-R4). However, the determining factors of the sensitivity to TRAIL cytotoxicity are not clearly understood. This study aims to elucidate the role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) on enhancement of TRAIL cytotoxicity in cultured neuroepithelioma cell line SK-N-MC. When 1 μg/ml cisplatin-pretreated cells were exposed to 100 ng/ml TRAIL for 48 h, apoptotic cell death increased, compared with the cells treated with cisplatin or TRAIL alone (66% versus 27% or 9% apoptotic cell death). In addition, pretreatment with cisplatin in SK-N-MC cells significantly increased ERK1/2 activity and increased expression levels of DR5, but not DR4, DcR1 and DcR2, which correlated with increase of their susceptibility to TRAIL cytotoxicity. Introduction of ERK2 siRNA or ERK2 shRNA in SK-N-MC cells significantly decreased cisplatin-induced DR5 expression, suggesting that cisplatin-induced ERK2 activity is involved in DR5 expression. On the other hand, treatment with 20 μM U0126, an inhibitor of MEK, completely reduced basal ERK1/2 activity and induced cell death in SK-N-MC cells. In addition, pretreatment with U0126 increased TRAIL-mediated apoptosis via up-regulation of DR5 expression in response to the decrease in basal ERK2 activity. Because pretreatment with U0126 completely inhibited not only cisplatin-induced ERK2 activation but also basal ERK2 activity, the following treatment with TRAIL significantly increased cell death, indicating that constitutively activated ERK2 blocks DR5 expression in SK-N-MC cells. Taken together, our results implicate that basal ERK2 activity is involved in TRAIL resistance but induced ERK2 plays a role in TRAIL sensitivity, and suggest that the enhanced sensitivity of SK-N-MC cells to TRAIL is associated with an increase in DR5 expression. Citation Format: Hye Lim Jung, Myoung Woo Lee, Ji Eun Eom, Dea Seong Kim, Hyo-Jung Park, Dong-Kyung Yu, Meong Hi Son, Soo Hyun Lee, Keon Hee Yoo, Ki Woong Sung, Hong Hoe Koo. Dual roles of ERK2 to TRAIL sensitivity in SK-N-MC neuroepithelioma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2937. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2937
Effects of acetyl glyceryl ether of phosphorylcholine (platelet activating factor) on ventricular preload, afterload, and contractility in dogs.
Authors: J L Kenzora, J E Pérez, S R Bergmann, L G Lange
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Acetyl glyceryl ether of phosphorylcholine (AGEPC), platelet activating factor, is a potent hypotensive agent that may mediate changes in blood pressure during anaphylaxis and may be involved in blood pressure variations of renal origin. This study was designed to characterize the hemodynamic mechanisms responsible for hypotension induced by this recently identified phospholipid. Intravenous administration of AGEPC to anesthetized open-chest dogs (n = 5) produced hemodynamic alterations which, for the purpose of analysis, were divided into three phases based on changes in the mean systemic blood pressure. During phase I (5-30 s) mean systemic blood pressure decreased to levels 5 to 10% below baseline values in association with a rise in cardiac output and a decrease in systemic vascular resistance. Phase II (30-90 s) consisted of a substantial reduction in systemic blood pressure to its nadir, 50% of baseline values, together with a decrease of similar magnitude in cardiac output and a rise in systemic vascular resistance. Phase III (90 s-60 min) exhibited a gradual recovery of mean systemic blood pressure toward normal with a several-fold rise in systemic vascular resistance and a continued low cardiac output. On the right side of the circulation, the predominant effect of AGEPC was a marked transient increase in pulmonary artery pressure in phase I, associated with an elevation of pulmonary resistance during phase II. Diethylcarbamazine blocked virtually all of these hemodynamic changes induced by AGEPC; FPL 55712 substantially blocked the rise in systemic vascular resistance in phase III. These results suggest that leukotrienes may mediate at least some of the hemodynamic effects induced by AGEPC, but further studies will be required when more specific leukotriene blocking agents become available. As assessed during phase III with the end-systolic pressure-dimension relation, myocardial performance itself was diminished. The occurrence of an AGEPC-induced negative inotropic effect was further confirmed in isolated Krebs-perfused guinea pig hearts and isolated blood-perfused rabbit hearts. The results indicate that the mechanism of AGEPC-induced hypotension is complex, affecting both vascular tone and the inotropic state of the myocardium.
FULL UPPER TOOTH PLATE REMOVED FROM ESOPHAGUS
Authors: G. S. McReynolds
Journal: JAMA (1926)

This case is of unusual interest because of the size of the foreign body and the length of time it had been tolerated in the esophagus. A man, aged 65, who was syphilitic and an habitual user of alcohol, ate a large oyster stew, Dec. 4, 1925, and a few hours later went into a. cafe and ordered two dozen fried oysters. While waiting to be served he had a severe choking spell for several minutes, when the trouble subsided; but he was unable to eat and went home. He continued to have considerable difficulty in swallowing, breathing and talking, but had no pain. A day or so later a physician made a diagnosis of possible laryngeal diphtheria and gave antitoxin, but the patient continued having difficulty in breathing, talking and swallowing, and could take only liquids. January 5, I found him talking huskily and
Oregon's Experience: Evaluating the Record
Authors: Ronald A. Lindsay
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2009)

Prior to passage of the Oregon Death with Dignity Act, opponents of assistance in dying argued that legalization would have serious harmful consequences. Specifically, they argued that the quality and availability of palliative care would decline, that the harms of legalization would affect certain vulnerable groups disproportionately, that legal assisted dying could not be confined to the competent terminally ill who voluntarily request assistance, and that the practice would result in frequent abuses. Data from Oregon's decade-long experience decisively refute the first three predictions. As to abuses, the record is not quite as clear, but if an appropriate framework for analysis is utilized, the most reasonable conclusion is that the risks of abuse do not outweigh the benefits of legalization. To the extent projected harmful consequences are relevant to the debate over legalization, Oregon's experience argues in favor of legalization of assistance in dying.
Striae and Systemic Abnormalities of Connective Tissue-Reply
Authors: Reed E. Pyeritz
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> While Dr Pottkotter raises three points worth emphasizing, we disagree vigorously with his conclusion. First, many of the manifestations of the "MASS phenotype," and of the Marfan syndrome, including striae, are common in people in the general population who do not have other evidence of a generalized connective-tissue defect. Second, diagnosis of pleiotropic conditions cannot be based on the presence of only one or two manifestations if inappropriate labeling is to be avoided. Thus, we do not suggest in our article that striae alone are sufficient to diagnose anything. Finally, the fact that striae on different people appear similar clinically and histologically does not imply commonality of cause. How striae are induced by puberty, hypercortisolism, pregnancy, obesity, and the Marfan syndrome is unknown, and while there may be some common pathways, the pathophysiology in the various situations probably differs in detail. Although striae are common in young
A Misleading Advertisement
Authors: V. C. Vaughan
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In various newspapers in this country there is now being published an advertisement which to the careless reader makes it appear that I approve of a certain proprietary preparation. To those who know me it is needless to say that this is without my knowledge or consent. I have placed the matter in the hands of my lawyer, and will see what can be done to stop it.
UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF DEMOGRAPHIC, INFLAMMATORY, AND PLAQUE PHENOTYPIC FACTORS ON CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROTIC VESSEL REMODELING: A 3D IVUS-VH/ANGIOGRAPHIC FUSION ANALYSIS WITH INTERMEDIATE TERM FOLLOW-UP
Authors: Michael Wilk, Tomas Kovarnik, Zhi Chen, Richard Downe, Tatiana Masiarova, Ross Vimr, Andreas Wahle, Milan Sonka, John Lopez
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
A tale of two diesels.
Authors: Janet Arey
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Two different samples of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) have been used by toxicologists interested primarily in cancer/genotoxicity or noncancer--such as pulmonary inflammation and asthma exacerbation--health end points. These are, respectively, a standard reference material, SRM 2975, from a heavy-duty diesel engine, and a sample collected by researchers at the Japanese National Institute for Environmental Studies from an automobile diesel engine. In this issue of Environmental Health Perspectives companion papers appear, by David DeMarini and co-workers and by Pramila Singh and co-workers, characterizing these samples and contrasting their Salmonella mutagenicity and pulmonary toxicity in mice. This commentary is a plea from an atmospheric chemist for more cooperation among toxicologists, analytical chemists, atmospheric chemists, and automotive and combustion engineers to provide a comprehensive assessment of health risks to humans exposed to contemporary diesel emissions and for greater quantities and more diverse types of DEP and ambient samples (i.e., SRMs) that can be shared and exhaustively characterized. This needs to be a continuing process as diesel engines, fuels, and exhaust components evolve in response to control regulations.