tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of HIV Infection on the Serologic Manifestations and Response to Treatment of Syphilis in Intravenous Drug Users
Authors: Marc N. Gourevitch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To describe the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on the serologic manifestations and response to treatment of syphilis in intravenous drug users. Design: Cohort study of intravenous drug users. Setting: Medical clinic in a hospital-based methadone maintenance treatment program in New York City. Patients: Fifty patients with syphilis, of whom 31 were HIV seropositive and 19 HIV seronegative. Measurements: Serologic tests for syphilis and clinical manifestations. Results: Stage of syphilis at presentation was not associated with HIV serologic status. No unusual or fulminant manifestations of early syphilis or neuro-syphilis were noted among HIV-seropositive cases. Maximum nontreponemal titers were higher among HIV-seropositive (median, 1:128) than among HIV-seronegative (median, 1:32) patients with syphilis (P = 0.05); this difference was present only among patients with first-episode syphilis. All 26 evaluable, HIV-seropositive patients treated for syphilis responded appropriately, including 13 patients given standard or less-than-standard doses of penicillin. Seven of 43 patients (16%) showed reversion to negative treponemal antibody assay results after treatment for syphilis; this finding was not associated with HIV infection, CD4 count, or stage of syphilis. Low nontreponemal titer was weakly associated with treponemal test reversion. Conclusions: Infection with HIV did not alter the stage at presentation, clinical course, serologic manifestations, or response to treatment of syphilis in this cohort of intravenous drug users.
Glasnost and Cancer: Information Flows To Eastern European Nations
Authors: C. K. Wittenberg
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Glasnost and Cancer: Information Flows To Eastern European Nations Get access Clarissa K. Wittenberg Clarissa K. Wittenberg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 13, 4 July 1990, Pages 1090–1091, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.13.1090 Published: 04 July 1990
Biological Activity of 4-Substituted Methoxybenzoyl- Aryl-Thiazole: An Active Microtubule Inhibitor
Authors: Chien-Ming Li, Zhao Wang, Yan Lu, Sunjoo Ahn, Ramesh Narayanan, Jeffrey D. Kearbey, Deanna N. Parke, Wei Li, Duane D. Miller, James T. Dalton
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Formation of microtubules is a dynamic process that involves polymerization and depolymerization of αβ-tubulin heterodimers. Drugs that enhance or inhibit tubulin polymerization can destroy this dynamic process, arresting cells in the G(2)/M phase of the cell cycle. Although drugs that target tubulin generally demonstrate cytotoxic potency in the subnanomolar range, resistance due to drug efflux is a common phenomenon among the antitubulin agents. We recently reported a class of 4-substituted methoxybenzoyl-aryl-thiazoles (SMART) that exhibited great in vitro potency and broad spectrum cellular cytotoxicity. Evaluation of the in vitro and in vivo anticancer activities of 3 SMART compounds, SMART-H (H), SMART-F (F), and SMART-OH (OH), with varying substituents at the 4-position of aryl ring, demonstrated that they bind potently to the colchicine-binding site in tubulin, inhibit tubulin polymerization, arrest cancer cells in G(2)/M phase of the cell cycle, and induce their apoptosis. The SMART compounds also equipotently inhibit the growth of parental and MDR-overexpressing cells in vitro, indicating that they can overcome multidrug resistance. In vivo antitumor efficacy studies in human prostate (PC-3) and melanoma (A375) cancer xenograft models demonstrated that SMART-H and SMART-F treatments resulted in %T/C values ranging from 4% to 30%. In addition, in vivo SMART-H treatment for 21 days at the higher dose (15 mg/kg) failed to produce any apparent neurotoxicity. These studies provide the first in vivo evidence and proof-of-concept that SMART compounds are similarly efficacious to currently FDA approved antitubulin drugs for cancer treatment, but they can circumvent P-glycoprotein-mediated drug resistance.
Respiratory Artefact Causing Malpositioning of Liver Dome Lesion in Right Lower Lung
Authors: Ismet Sarikaya, Henry W.D. Yeung, Yusuf Erdi, Steven M. Larson
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

The new combined positron emission (PET)/computed tomographic (CT) scanners have many advantages over PET scanners alone. However, physicians must be aware of the potential artefacts observed in PET/CT scanners. A body PET/CT was performed on an 81-year-old man with colorectal cancer. The CT-based, attenuation-corrected PET image showed a right lower lung lesion. However, there was no lung lesion on the transmission CT image. Nonattenuation-corrected PET, and rod source-based, attenuation-corrected PET images demonstrated focal uptake in the dome of the liver. Dedicated CT with intravenous contrast confirmed that the lesion was in the liver dome and not in the right lower lung. The liver lesion was misplaced to the right lower lung in the CT-based, attenuation-corrected PET image because of a respiratory artefact. To overcome this respiration artefact the authors suggest a routine review of the nonattenuation-corrected PET images, particularly when evaluating liver dome and lower lung lesions.
Correction: Citation of Paper by Yeager and Associates
Authors: HENRY YEAGER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1979Correction: Citation of Paper by Yeager and AssociatesHENRY YEAGER JR., M.D.HENRY YEAGER JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-90-3-445_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I write to request that you print a correction concerning a citation in the October 1978 issue to work from our laboratory. The paper from Dr. Ronald Crystal's laboratory (1) lists as Reference 22 a work of ours, but the names of three of the six authors are not given, and two of the remaining three names are listed incorrectly. A similar error is made on page 465, left-hand side, line 52. The correct listing of our work should be:YEAGERH JR, WILLIAMSMC, BEEKMANJF, BAYLYTC, BEAMANBL, HAWLEYRJ: Sarcoidosis: analysis of cells obtained by bronchial lavage.Am Rev Resp Dis116:951-955, 1977...Reference1. WEINBERGERKELMANELSONYOUNGREYNOLDSFULMERCRYSTAL SJNRHJR: Bronchoalveolar lavage in interstitial lung disease. Ann Intern Med 89:459-466, 1978 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Georgetown University Hospital Washington, DC 20007 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1979Volume 90, Issue 3Page: 445-445KeywordsCellsResearch laboratoriesSarcoidosis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...
THE UEFA INJURY STUDY: 11-YEAR DATA CONCERNING 346 MCL INJURIES IN PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL
Authors: M Lundblad, M Waldén, H Magnusson, M Hägglund, J Karlsson, J Ekstrand
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury of the knee is scarcely investigated in football. Objective To investigate the rate and circumstances of MCL injuries and their development over the past decade. Design Prospective cohort study, in which 27 professional football teams were followed between 2001/02 and 2011/12. Individual player exposure and time loss injuries were recorded. Setting Highest leagues in Europe. Participants 1 743 male professional players. Risk factor assessment Seasonal trend, expressed as the average annual percentage of change, was analysed using linear regression with log-transformed injury rates as the dependent variable. A 2-year moving average approach, by summarising two consecutive seasons, was also used to smooth out large seasonal variations. Injury circumstances such as player contact and foul play was also studied. Main outcome measurements Injury rate was defined as the number of injuries per 1000 player hours. Results 346 MCL injuries occurred during the study period, being the most common knee injury constituting 4% of all injuries. The MCL injury rate was 0.33 per 1000 hours, and a time trend analysis indicated a significant average annual decrease of approximately seven per-cent over the study period (P=.023). Almost 70% of all MCL injuries were contact-related, and no difference in lay-off times between contact (median=16, Q1=8, Q3=29) and non-contact (median=16, Q1=7, Q3=30) injuries was detected (P=.741). A higher percentage of foul play injuries were found in MCL contact injuries compared with other contact injuries during match play (24% vs. 18%, P=.015). Conclusion MCL injury is still the most frequent knee injury in professional football, but the rate has decreased significantly during the 11-year study period. MCL injuries are commonly caused by contact situations and foul play.
A Dose-Ranging Study of AAV-hAADC Therapy in Parkinsonian Monkeys
Authors: John R. Forsayeth, Jamie L. Eberling, Laura M. Sanftner, Zhu Zhen, Philip Pivirotto, John Bringas, Janet Cunningham, Krystof S. Bankiewicz
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The main medication for idiopathic Parkinson disease is l-Dopa. Drug efficacy declines steadily in part because the converting enzyme, aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), is lost concomitant with substantia nigra atrophy. Over the past decade, we have developed a gene therapy approach in which AADC activity is restored to the brain by infusion into the striatum of a recombinant adeno-associated virus carrying human AADC cDNA. We report here the results of an investigation of the relationship between vector dose and a series of efficacy markers, such as PET, l-Dopa response, and AADC enzymatic activity. At low doses of vector, no effect of vector was seen on PET or behavioral response. At higher doses, a sharp improvement in both parameters was observed, resulting in an approximate 50% improvement in l-Dopa responsiveness. The relationship between vector dose and AADC enzymatic activity in tissue extracts was linear. We conclude that little behavioral improvement can be seen until AADC activity reaches a level that is no longer rate limiting for conversion of clinical doses of l-Dopa into dopamine or for trapping of the PET tracer FMT. These findings have implications for the design and interpretation of clinical studies of AAV-hAADC gene therapy.
The phenotype of human STK4 deficiency
Authors: Hengameh Abdollahpour, Giridharan Appaswamy, Daniel Kotlarz, Jana Diestelhorst, Rita Beier, Alejandro A. Schäffer, E. Michael Gertz, Axel Schambach, Hans H. Kreipe, Dietmar Pfeifer, Karin R. Engelhardt, Nima Rezaei, Bodo Grimbacher, Sabine Lohrmann, Roya Sherkat, Christoph Klein
Journal: Blood (2012)
Treatment of asthma in pre‐school children with inhalation of terbutaline in Turbuhaler compared with Nebuhaler
Authors: H. AHLSTRÖM, E. SVENONIUS, M. SVENSSON
Journal: Allergy (1989)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety and preference of pre-school children with regard to two different devices for treatment of bronchial asthma with terbutaline. Turbuhaler, a powder inhaler preloaded with pure terbutaline for inhalation, was compared with a pressurized metered dose inhaler, attached to a Nebuhaler. The study had an open, cross-over randomized design. Each treatment period consisted of 2 weeks. Diary cards were filled in every morning and evening by the parents regarding PEF, asthma symptoms, extra inhalations of terbutaline, and side effects. Twenty-one children (mean age 3.9 years) were included in the study. A highly significant (P less than 0.001) increase in peak expiratory flow (PEF) was obtained after inhalation with both devices. The PEF values in the mornings after inhalation of terbutaline with Turbuhaler were significantly higher (P = 0.046) than those with Nebuhaler. Further, the PEF baseline values in the evenings before inhalation were also significantly higher (P = 0.03) with Turbuhaler. No difference was found in asthma symptoms and extra medication between the two devices. Side effects were mild and few with both devices. The parents found Turbuhaler easier to handle and 19 of 21 preferred this device for future use.
Cranking out healthy platelets
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

On page 1917, Nishikii et al. produce a plethora of platelets by picking perfect stem cell progenitors and preventing shearing of the platelets' activating receptors.






Figure 1

MMP inhibitors help maximize the numbers and function of cultured platelets (green) expressing integrin receptors (red).




Platelets for therapeutic use are currently filtered from donated blood, which increases the risk of infections and other side effects in patients who need frequent transfusions. Scientists have been trying to generate platelets from embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines instead, but their efforts have so far been stymied by two problems.

First, ESCs cultured with stromal cells produce a tiny platelet population that is quickly drowned out by other cell lineages. Nishikii et al. resolved this issue by using ESCs that had already differentiated into platelet-committed hematopoietic stem cells, which express the clot-promoting αIIbβ3 receptor.

The second and more worrying problem is that the ESC-derived platelets don't aggregate properly. This defect was previously seen in vivo in long-lived platelets whose matrix-binding receptors had been sheared off by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The group found that this also happened in vitro, and platelets cultured with MMP inhibitors formed clots in vitro and enhanced tissue repair in injured mice. This approach awaits testing in humans.
Effect of aminophylline on fatigue of the sternomastoid muscle in man.
Authors: J Efthimiou, J Fleming, R H Edwards, S G Spiro
Journal: Thorax (1986)

The effect of intravenous aminophylline on the contractility of the sternomastoid muscle was measured in the fresh state and after the induction of significant fatigue in five normal subjects. Fatigue was produced by repetitive isometric neck flexion, for two seconds every four seconds at 70% of the maximum voluntary contractile force, continued until exhaustion. Each subject performed three experiments, one to two weeks apart, in random order. In experiment 1 fatiguing exercise and recovery were completed without aminophylline; in experiment 2 intravenous aminophylline was started 30 minutes before exercise and continued throughout the 60 minute recovery period; and in experiment 3 intravenous aminophylline was started immediately after the end of exercise. Aminophylline did not influence the frequency-force relationships, relaxation rate, or maximum voluntary contractile force in the fresh muscle. After fatiguing exercise there was a relatively selective reduction in force response to stimulation frequencies of less than 30 Hz, with little alteration in forces at higher frequencies--that is, low frequency fatigue--and this effect was present for the entire one hour study period. Aminophylline given before or immediately after fatigue did not influence the recovery of either low frequency fatigue or maximum voluntary contractile force. Aminophylline at therapeutic concentrations had no significant effect on the contractility or fatiguability of the normal human sternomastoid muscle.
Dane Particle-Associated Hepatitis B e Antigen in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Hepatitis B e Antibody
Authors: Giovanni Raimondo, Serafino Recchia, Carla Lavarini, Osvaldo Crivelli, Mario Rizzetto
Journal: Hepatology (1982)

A commercial radioimmunoassay was adapted to detect serum Dane particle-associated HBeAg in patients whose sera contained homologous antibody. HBeAg was released from Dane particles with guanidine HCl. Dane particles were separated from anti-HBe by gel-filtration (Sepharose 4B) and ultracentrifugation of the eluate. Dane particle-HBeAg was tested in 45 HBsAg carriers with anti-HBe and was present in 8 (18%) carriers, all of whom had chronic liver disease. By contrast, HBeAg was not found in 10 carriers with normal liver histology. Serum or liver HBcAg was found in 6 of 8 patients with Dane particle-HBeAg. None of the carriers without Dane particle-HBeAg had other markers of hepatitis B virion synthesis. We conclude that Dane particle-HBeAg provides a sensitive index of active hepatitis B virus replication, a guide to the presence of chronic hepatitis in HBsAg carriers with anti-HBe, and a noninvasive method to follow infection in these patients.
The Use of Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) in the Diagnosis of Farmer's Lung
Authors: T. H. Ojanen, M.‐L. Katila, R. A. Mäntyjärvi
Journal: Allergy (1980)

Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was adapted lo measure antibodies against Aspergillus fumigatus, Thermoactinomyces vulgaris and Micropolyspora faeni. Mycelial and culture fluid antigens weir used separately lo analyze antibodies in three study groups: farmer's lung patients, patients with bronchitis and healthy control persons. The mycelial antigen of A. fumigatus gave more positive results than the corresponding culture fluid antigen. The situation was reversed for the actinomycetes. For this reason either a mycelial antigen or a combination of mycelial and culture fluid antigens should be used in ELISA in routine tests. The prevalence and the titers of antibodies against the three microbes detected by ELISA were higher in the farmer's lung group than in the other two groups.
Effect of HIV-1 Infection on T-Cell–based and Skin Test Detection of Tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Molebogeng Xheeda Rangaka, Katalin A. Wilkinson, Ronnett Seldon, Gilles Van Cutsem, Graeme Ayton Meintjes, Chelsea Morroni, Priscilla Mouton, Lavanya Diwakar, Tom G. Connell, Gary Maartens, Robert J. Wilkinson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Two forms of the IFN-gamma release assay (IFNGRA) to detect tuberculosis infection are available, but neither has been evaluated in comparable HIV-infected and uninfected persons in a high tuberculosis incidence environment.To compare the ability of the T-SPOT.TB (Oxford Immunotec, Abingdon, UK), QuantiFERON-TB Gold (Cellestis, Melbourne, Australia), and Mantoux tests to identify latent tuberculosis in HIV-infected and uninfected persons.A cross-sectional study of 160 healthy adults without active tuberculosis attending a voluntary counseling and testing center for HIV infection in Khayelitsha, a deprived urban South African community with an HIV antenatal seroprevalence of 33% and a tuberculosis incidence of 1,612 per 100,000.One hundred and sixty (74 HIV(+) and 86 HIV(-)) persons were enrolled. A lower proportion of Mantoux results was positive in HIV-infected subjects compared with HIV-uninfected subjects (p < 0.01). By contrast, the proportion of positive IFNGRAs was not significantly different in HIV-infected persons for the T-SPOT.TB test (52 vs. 59%; p = 0.41) or the QuantiFERON-TB Gold test (43 and 46%; p = 0.89). Fair agreement between the Mantoux test (5- and 10-mm cutoffs) and the IFNGRA was seen in HIV-infected people (kappa = 0.52-0.6). By contrast, poor agreement between the Mantoux and QuantiFERON-TB Gold tests was observed in the HIV-uninfected group (kappa = 0.07-0.30, depending on the Mantoux cutoff). The pattern was similar for T-SPOT.TB (kappa = 0.18-0.24).IFNGRA sensitivity appears relatively unimpaired by moderately advanced HIV infection. However, agreement between the tests and with the Mantoux test varied from poor to fair. This highlights the need for prospective studies to determine which test may predict the subsequent risk of tuberculosis.
Japanese doctor is heading for record number of retracted research papers
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Yoshitaku Fujii, a former associate professor at Toho University in Japan, faked 172 research papers between 1993 and 2011, an investigation by the Japanese Society of Anesthesiologists has concluded.

Fujii, a specialist in postoperative nausea and vomiting who was sacked by the university in February,1 2 is likely to set a record once all the fabricated papers are retracted, the website Retraction Watch has predicted. It said that the German anaesthetist Joachim Boldt holds the previous unofficial record for retractions, with 89 papers retracted.3 4

The university announced on 8 March that eight papers by Fujii had been retracted …
The Ubiquitin Ligase TRIM56 Regulates Innate Immune Responses to Intracellular Double-Stranded DNA
Authors: Tetsuo Tsuchida, Jian Zou, Tatsuya Saitoh, Himanshu Kumar, Takayuki Abe, Yoshiharu Matsuura, Taro Kawai, Shizuo Akira
Journal: Immunity (2010)
Neuropsychiatric Effects of Anabolic Steroids in Male Normal Volunteers
Authors: Tung Ping Su, Michael Pagliaro, Peter J. Schmidt, David Pickar, Owen Wolkowitz, David R. Rubinow
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To evaluate the acute effects of anabolic steroids on mood and behavior in male normal volunteers.A 2-week, double-blind (subject and rater), fixed-order, placebo-controlled crossover trial of methyltestosterone.An inpatient research unit at the National Institutes of Health.A volunteer sample of 20 men who were medication free, free of medical and psychiatric illness, not involved in athletic training, and had no prior history of anabolic steroid use.A sequential trial for 3 days each of the following four drug conditions: placebo baseline, low-dose methyltestosterone (40 mg/d), high-dose methyltestosterone (240 mg/d), and placebo withdrawal.Mood and behavioral ratings were completed during each drug condition and included both subjective and objective measures.Significant (P < .05) albeit subtle increases in symptom scores were observed during high-dose methyltestosterone administration compared with baseline in positive mood (euphoria, energy, and sexual arousal), negative mood (irritability, mood swings, violent feelings, and hostility), and cognitive impairment (distractibility, forgetfulness, and confusion). An acute manic episode was observed in one of the 20 subjects, representing a 5% incidence, even under these conservative conditions. An additional subject became hypomanic. Baseline characteristics including family psychiatric history or previous drug abuse did not predict symptom changes.This is the first placebo-controlled prospective study demonstrating the adverse and activating mood and behavioral effects of anabolic steroids.
Poor prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in Asian children living in the United Kingdom.
Authors: A Oakhill, J R Mann
Journal: BMJ (1983)

A study of the results of treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in Asian (Indian and Pakistani) children living in the United Kingdom showed that they had a poorer prognosis than native white children due mainly to deaths during remission. Similar proportions of Asian and white children suffered relapse. Lower socioeconomic status, poor nutrition, and difficulties in communication may have contributed to the worse outcome in the Asian children.