tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
On Some Points in the Treatment of Diabetes
Authors: F. E. Anstie
Journal: BMJ (1864)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <h3>Study design</h3> Retrospective case series <h3>Objective</h3> Describe subsidence in lumbar interbody fusion using an expandable meshed allograft containment device with 12-month minimum radiographic follow-up. <h3>Background</h3> We have previously reported the use of a minimally invasive allograft-filled expandable meshed-bag containment system in the lumbar spine. Subsidence has not been reported with this device. <h3>Methods</h3> Consecutive adult patients that underwent 1- or 2-level interbody fusion with at least 1 year of follow-up were included in this study. Preoperative, postoperative, and final follow-up lumbar radiographs were analyzed to measure disc height at the anterior and posterior margins of the disc space, as well as the neuroforaminal height. <h3>Results</h3> Forty-one patients were identified, with a mean age of 63.4 years (± 11.8). A total of 61 levels were treated, with successful fusion observed in 54 levels (88.5%). The mean radiographic follow-up was 24.3 months (± 11.2). The mean disc height pre- and postoperatively was 6.9 mm (± 3.2) and 10.1 mm (± 2.9, <i>P</i> &lt; .001), respectively. The mean disc height at final follow-up was 8.3 mm (± 2.4). Average disc height subsidence was 1.8 mm (± 1.7, <i>P</i> &lt; .001). Overall, average disc height increased by a net 1.3 mm (± 2.5, <i>P</i> &lt; .001). The mean neuroforaminal height pre- and postoperatively was 18.0 mm (± 3.3) and 20.7 mm (± 3.6, <i>P</i> &lt; .001), respectively. The mean neuroforaminal height at final follow-up was 19.2 mm (± 3.4). Average neuroforaminal height subsidence was 1.3 mm (± 3.4, <i>P</i> = .012). Overall, average neuroforaminal height increased by a net 1.7 mm (± 2.8, <i>P</i> = .004). No significant difference in subsidence was observed between 1- and 2-level surgeries. <h3>Conclusion</h3> An expandable allograft containment system is a feasible alternative for lumbar interbody fusion. Due to its biologic and mechanical nature, the surgeon using such constructs should account for an anticipated average of 18% loss of interbody height due to subsidence during the bony remodeling/fusion process.
Suspected cardiac amyloidosis: Endomyocardial biopsy remains the diagnostic gold‐standard
Authors: Arnt V. Kristen, Thomas J. Dengler, Hugo A. Katus
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

To the Editor: Renal damage after stem cell transplantation (SCT) may manifest as acute renal failure, renal tubular acidosis, and proteinuria [1].Post-SCT nephrotic syndrome (NS) has histological association with membranous nephropathy.It usually accompanies acute/chronic graft versus host disease (aGVHD/cGVHD) [2], and represents kidney damage mediated by donor lymphocytes.By natural history, GVHD severity usually decreases with time.However, therapeutic induction of GVHD by donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) may be needed to enhance the graft versus leukemia (GVL) effect.The clinical spectrum of DLI-related GVHD is often different from that after initial SCT [3].Very little is known about the manifestation, histology, and optimal treatment for DLI related glomerulonephritis [4].A 27-year-old man with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) received SCT from an unrelated donor.He was engrafted with grade I aGVHD with no cGVHD.Cyclosporine (CsA) was tailed-off at 1 year.However, molecular and cytogenetic relapse of CML occurred at 36 months.Two doses of DLI (3.5 Â 10 5 lymphocytes/kg) produced complete molecular remission, accompanied Fig. 1.Electron microscopy shows discrete electron-dense deposits in the subepithelial region (original magnification 33,900).
Context-Dependent GluN2B-Selective Inhibitors of NMDA Receptor Function Are Neuroprotective with Minimal Side Effects
Authors: Hongjie Yuan, Scott J. Myers, Gordon Wells, Katherine L. Nicholson, Sharon A. Swanger, Polina Lyuboslavsky, Yesim A. Tahirovic, David S. Menaldino, Thota Ganesh, Lawrence J. Wilson, Dennis C. Liotta, James P. Snyder, Stephen F. Traynelis
Journal: Neuron (2015)
The Darwin Awards: sex differences in idiotic behaviour
Authors: B. A. D. Lendrem, D. W. Lendrem, A. Gray, J. D. Isaacs
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Sex differences in risk seeking behaviour, emergency hospital admissions, and mortality are well documented. However, little is known about sex differences in idiotic risk taking behaviour. This paper reviews the data on winners of the Darwin Award over a 20 year period (1995-2014). Winners of the Darwin Award must eliminate themselves from the gene pool in such an idiotic manner that their action ensures one less idiot will survive. This paper reports a marked sex difference in Darwin Award winners: males are significantly more likely to receive the award than females (P&lt;0.0001). We discuss some of the reasons for this difference.
A Clinical Study on Idiopathic Pericarditis : Symposium III Pericarditis
Authors: Akira Wakabayashi, Yasushi Kitaura
Journal: Circulation (1978)

1) Thirty-eight cases of idiopathic pericarditis in our institutes were analyzed and were classified into 3; group A: clinical picture of pericarditis, group B: clinical picture of peri-myocarditis and group C: dominant clinical picture of chronic pericardial effusion. 2) All cases of group A showed a good clinical course. 3) In group B cases with complete A-V block continued to have heart block with significant myocardial changes, and the prognosis may not be good. 4) Many cases of group C belonged to elderly female and the etilogy was unclear. 5) Viral pericarditis was proven in only one case.
The Evolution of Endothelial Regulatory Paradigms in Cancer Biology and Vascular Repair
Authors: Joseph W. Franses, Elazer R. Edelman
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Although the roles of endothelial cells in cancer have primarily been considered to be related to tumor perfusion, the emerging appreciation of "angiocrine" regulation adds stromal regulatory capabilities to the expanding list of endothelial functions in tumors. We posit that an understanding of the state-dependent paracrine regulatory paradigms established in vascular disease and repair will be critical for a deep understanding of tumor biology, as endothelial cells regulate diverse processes in all vascularized tissues. Here, we outline the historical developments that led to the appreciation of the paracrine regulatory functions of endothelial cells, summarize classical views of blood vessels and stroma in cancer, and attempt to merge these ideas to include the stromal regulatory endothelial cell as a critical regulator of cancer. The notion of the endothelial cell as a biochemical regulator of cancer state in constant dynamic balance with its tumor could impact diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer. Such concepts might well explain the mixed results from antiangiogenic cancer therapeutics and how certain drugs that improve vascular health correlate with improved cancer prognosis.
Bullous pemphigoid and ulcerative colitis: a report of two cases and description of immunoblot findings
Authors: P. V. Harrison, R. W. Blewitt, J. Allen, F. Wojnarowska, A. R. Adamson, C. J. P. Jones, J. D. Aplin, H. J. Church
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Journal Article Bullous pemphigoid and ulcerative colitis: a report of two cases and description of immunoblot findings Get access P. V. Harrison, P. V. Harrison Department of Dermatology, Queen Victoria Hospital, Thornton Road, Morecambe LA4 5NN, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. W. Blewitt, R. W. Blewitt Department of Pathology, Royal Lancaster Infirmary, Lancaster LA1 4RP, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Allen, J. Allen Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JL, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Wojnarowska, F. Wojnarowska Department of Dermatology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7JL, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. R. Adamson, A. R. Adamson Department of Medicine, Royal Lancaster Infirmary Lancaster LA1 4RP, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. J. P. Jones, C. J. P. Jones Department of Pathological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. D. Aplin, J. D. Aplin Departments of Obstetrics and School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. J. Church H. J. Church Departments of Obstetrics and School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 134, Issue 3, 1 March 1996, Pages 599–600, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.t01-4-53778.x Published: 01 March 1996
Immigration and Health Insurance
Authors: Andre N. Minuth
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Schramm<sup>1</sup>writes "By 1989, the number of citizens without [medical insurance] coverage had reached approximately 33.4 million, according to US Bureau of Census figures." The US census counts persons, not citizens. I know citizens of Chile, China, El Salvador, India, and Mexico who came to the United States in the last 3 years and who now receive long-term kidney dialysis treatment, costing over $300 000 per lifetime of the patient. Ten million immigrants and over 20 million illegal aliens entered the United States in the 1980s. Should the impact of immigration on the health care system not be discussed since the number of immigrants is expected to rise in the 1990s?
Oral resiquimod in chronic HCV infection: Safety and efficacy in 2 placebo-controlled, double-blind phase IIa studies
Authors: Paul J. Pockros, Dominque Guyader, Heather Patton, Myron J. Tong, Terry Wright, John G. McHutchison, Tze-Chiang Meng
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Transfusion intensity, not the cumulative red blood cell transfusion burden, determines the prognosis of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome on chronic transfusion support
Authors: Arturo Pereira, Meritxell Nomdedeu, Josep‐Lluís Aguilar, Mohamed Belkaid, Anna Carrió, Francesc Cobo, Dolors Costa, María Rozman, Cristina Sanz, Benet Nomdedeu
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

Transfusion-dependency is associated with poor prognosis in patients with MDS although the causal link for such association is disputed. This study tests thee hypotheses on the association between transfusion burden and prognosis in the MDS: (1) the cumulative transfusion burden is a confounder merely reflecting the time elapsed from diagnosis; (2) it is a surrogate for higher transfusion intensity, which would reflect a more severe disease; and (3) it is the total amount of transfused RBC units that influences on prognosis. We studied 191 transfusion-dependent patients with MDS or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Transfusion intensity was calculated at the time of each transfusion as the yearly-equivalent number of RBC units. The main outcome was acute leukemia-free survival from first transfusion. Median transfusion burden was 30 (range: 4-330) RBC units and 112 patients received ≥ 25 units after a median of 9 months from first transfusion. In nested Cox models, having received ≥ 25 RBC units had a significant effect on survival (P < 0.001) that was not abrogated by including follow-up ≥ 9 months as a time-dependent covariate. Including transfusion intensity in the model had a significant effect on leukemia-free survival (P < 0.001) and cancelled the prognostic value of having received ≥ 25 RBC units. In conclusion, transfusion intensity, instead of the cumulative transfusion burden, is the transfusion-related variable really influencing on the prognosis of patients with transfusion-dependent MDS.
Cancer and the Cardiopulmonary System
Authors: Raymond Harris
Journal: JAMA (1985)

It is important to keep abreast of new developments in the treatment of cancer and to be familiar with the cardiotoxic effects of the numerous effective chemotherapeutic agents that are now available to extend the life of the patient with cancer and even cure some types of cancer. This small monograph provides such help by concisely discussing the current methods of cardiopulmonary testing, diagnosis, drug administration, perioperative evaluation, management of cardiopulmonary problems common to patients with cancer, potentially toxic effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy on the cardiopulmonary system, cardiac and mediastinal tumors, cardiopulmonary syndromes, and cardiopulmonary emergencies. Not only does this book focus on the scientific aspects of cancer and the cardiopulmonary system, but it also deals with the art of care, which must not be overlooked in treating seriously ill patients with cancer. The patient dying of cancer belongs in an environment designed to provide as much comfort as
A key role for Pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor in experimental hepatitis
Authors: Alexander R. Moschen, Romana Gerner, Andrea Schroll, Teresa Fritz, Arthur Kaser, Herbert Tilg
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Pre–B cell colony–enhancing factor (PBEF), also known as nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase or visfatin, plays an important role in metabolic, inflammatory, and malignant diseases. Recent evidence suggests that blocking its enzymatic activity using a specific small-molecule inhibitor (FK866) might be beneficial in acute experimental inflammation. We investigated the role of PBEF in human liver disease and experimental hepatitis. PBEF serum levels and hepatic expression were determined in patients with chronic liver diseases. These studies were followed by in vivo experiments using concanavalin A (ConA) and D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) models of experimental hepatitis. PBEF was either overexpressed by hydrodynamic perfusion or inhibited by FK866. In vivo findings were corroborated studying inflammatory responses of lentivirally PBEF-silenced or control FL83B mouse hepatocytes. Here, we demonstrate that PBEF serum levels were increased in patients with chronic liver diseases irrespective of disease stage and etiology. In particular, we observed enhanced PBEF expression in hepatocytes. Liver-targeted overexpression of PBEF rendered mice more susceptible to ConA- and D-galactosamine/LPS–induced hepatitis compared with control animals. In contrast, inhibition of PBEF using FK866 protected mice from ConA-induced liver damage and apoptosis. Administration of FK866 resulted in depletion of liver nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+ levels and reduced proinflammatory cytokine expression. Additionally, FK866 protected mice in the D-galactosamine/LPS model of acute hepatitis. In vitro , PBEF-silenced mouse hepatocytes showed decreased responses after stimulation with LPS, lipoteichoic acid, and tumor necrosis factor α. In primary murine Kupffer cells, FK866 suppressed LPS-induced interleukin (IL)-6 production, whereas incubation with recombinant PBEF resulted in increased IL-6 release. Conclusion: Our data suggest that PBEF is of key importance in experimental hepatitis. Its specific inhibition might be considered a novel treatment option for inflammatory liver diseases. (Hepatology 2011;)
The Health Care 'Team'?
Authors: DONNELL D. Etzwiler
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To  Editor.—   commentary, The Health Care Team by Emil P. Taxay, MD (239:1137, 1978), demands an immediate response.  statement that the practice of medicine is not   activity... is refuted by  definition of  word team itself. According to Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary ,  team is defined as a number of persons associated together in work or activity.  As late as  18th and 19th centuries, physicians in this country maintained solo practices in which they diagnosed disease, compounded  medication, and collected  fees themselves. Even then, however, they worked with other persons, namely,  patients themselves, without whose presence they could not have functioned.  Fortunately, medicine has made astronomical strides since those days, and few physicians would admit they possess all of  knowledge, skills, and time required to be all things to all patients. Consequently, groups of skilled health professionals join
Long-Term Oral <scp>l</scp>-Arginine Administration Improves Peripheral and Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: PierMarco Piatti, Lucilla D. Monti, Gianpietro Valsecchi, Fulvio Magni, Emanuela Setola, Federica Marchesi, Marzia Galli-Kienle, Guido Pozza, K. George M.M. Alberti
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—The aim of this study was to evaluate whether long-term administration of l-arginine acting through a normalization of NO/cyclic-guanosine-3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) pathway was able to ameliorate peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity in 12 lean type 2 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A double-blind study was performed for 3 months. In the first month, patients were treated with their usual diet. Then they were randomly allocated into two groups. In group 1, patients were treated with diet plus placebo (orally three times per day) for 2 months. In group 2 patients were treated for 1 month with diet plus placebo (orally, three times per day) and then for 1 month with diet plus l-arginine (3 g three times per day). At the end of the first and the second month of therapy, patients underwent a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp combined with [6,6-2H2]glucose infusion. A total of 10 normal subjects underwent the same test as control subjects. RESULTS—In group 1, no changes in basal cGMP levels, systolic blood pressure, forearm blood flow, glucose disposal, and endogenous glucose production were observed throughout. In group 2, l-arginine normalized basal cGMP levels and significantly increased forearm blood flow by 36% and glucose disposal during the clamp by 34%, whereas it decreased systolic blood pressure and endogenous glucose production by 14 and 29%, respectively. However, compared with normal subjects, l-arginine treatment was not able to completely overcome the defect in glucose disposal. CONCLUSIONS—l-Arginine treatment significantly improves but does not completely normalize peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients.
Reliability of a Presumptive Diagnosis in Sudden Unexpected Death in Adults
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1979)

THE VALUE of autopsy performance in establishing a cause of death, assisting in the determination of the manner of death, comparing the premortem and postmortem findings, producing vital statistics, and monitoring the public health, among other things, has been documented for many decades.<sup>1</sup> In all legal jurisdictions of the United States and most other countries of the world, autopsy is not performed after every death. In some hospitals in the United States and in some other countries, autopsy is routine after almost every death. Since the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals recently eliminated its requirement of a certain fixed percentage of autopsies on deaths occurring in the hospital, many now believe that the American autopsy percentage has dropped to new modern lows. In these days of compulsory peer review, government involvement in quality of medical practice, frequent liability suits, questions of industrial health and environmental epidemiology, and the
Gaseous Inflation of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Milton M. Lieberthal, H. David Frank
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

LARGE accumulations of gas in the gastrointestinal tract have long been recognized to have certain diagnostic implications. Various therapeutic methods have also been devised for the removal of this gas. And yet, as Bockus1 pointed out in the 1950 Caldwell Lecture, radiologists do not generally report the presence or location of lesser gas shadows, nor do physicians seem to pay much attention to them when organic disease is not present.Perhaps these failures stem from a general lack of understandng of the mechanisms by which gas accumulates in the gastrointestinal tract — or from a reluctance to assign sufficient clinical . . .
The effects of des-Asp1-angiotensin II on blood pressure, plasma aldosterone concentration, and plasma renin activity in the rabbit.
Authors: J M Steele, A J Neusy, J Lowenstein
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

To examine the hypothesis that des-Asp-1-angiotensin II (angiotensin III) may be an important mediator of various responses to angiotensin II, both peptides were given sequentially at 25 ng/kg per min by systemic infusion to conscious rabbits, and the effects on blood pressure, plasma aldosterone concentration, and plasma renin activity were compared. The mean arterial pressure increased with angiotensin II infusion an average of 18.2 mm Hg, and with angiotensin III infusion only 3.2 mm Hg. Both peptides, however, produced a six- to sevenfold increase in plasma aldosterone concentration, and a threefold decrease in plasma renin activity. Renal clearance data suggest that the suppression of renin activity was not a consequence of renal hemodynamic change or altered sodium transport, but of direct inhibition through a receptor mediating a short feedback loop. These data in the intact rabbit, taken together with in vitro studies by others, suggest that the responses of these three organ systems to angiotensin peptides are mediated by receptors of varied specificity: those mediating vasoconstriction exhibit a greater response to angiotensin II than to angiotensin III; those mediating the secretion of aldosterone exhibit a lesser response to angiotensin II than to angiotensin III; and those mediating the suppression of renin release do not appear to discriminate between the two peptides.
Defective prelamin A processing and muscular and adipocyte alterations in Zmpste24 metalloproteinase–deficient mice
Authors: Alberto M. Pendás, Zhongjun Zhou, Juan Cadiñanos, José M.P. Freije, Jianming Wang, Kjell Hultenby, Aurora Astudillo, Annika Wernerson, Francisco Rodríguez, Karl Tryggvason, Carlos López-Otín
Journal: Nature Genetics (2002)
Pathways of Ammonia Metabolism in the Intact Functioning Kidney of the Dog*
Authors: William J. Stone, Robert F. Pitts
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

Studies in which 15N-labeled precursors of urinary ammonia were infused into the artery of an intact functioning kidney of an acidotic dog have led to the following conclusions: Preformed ammonia and ammonia derived from the amide nitrogen of plasma glutamine are added directly to urine without significant incorporation into amino acid intermediates of renal tissue. Thus, reductive amination of α-ketoglutarate to form glutamate does not occur to an appreciable extent nor is there significant transfer of the amide nitrogen of glutamine to the corresponding keto acids to form glutamate, aspartate, alanine, or glycine. The enzyme system “glutaminase II” may participate to a significant extent in the metabolism of glutamine by forming aspartate and alanine by direct transamination of oxalacetate and pyruvate and liberating the amide nitrogen as ammonia. Renal alanine exists as a well mixed pool derived in roughly equal amounts from filtered and reabsorbed plasma alanine and newly synthesized alanine. The alanine pool of tubular cells does not equilibrate with the alanine of peritubular capillary blood. Transfer of the nitrogen of alanine to α-ketoglutarate and subsequent oxidative demination of the resulting glutamate can account for the ammonia formed from alanine. Glycine is not an important intermediate in renal nitrogen metabolism.