tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Education Program for Risk Factor Management After an Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Ariel Cohen, Patrick Assyag, Louise Boyer-Chatenet, Alain Cohen-Solal, Christel Perdrix, Marie Dalichampt, Pierre-Louis Michel, Gilles Montalescot, Philippe Ravaud, P. Gabriel Steg, Isabelle Boutron
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Lifestyle improvements after an acute coronary syndrome reduce cardiovascular risk but are difficult to achieve.To determine whether a nurse-led or dietician-led cardiovascular risk factor education program would improve risk factor reduction over the long term after an acute coronary syndrome.The Réseau Insuffisance Cardiaque (RESICARD) PREVENTION: study was a 2-arm, parallel-group, multicenter, randomized clinical trial at 6 tertiary care hospitals in France. Patients hospitalized in a cardiac intensive care unit for an acute coronary syndrome with at least 1 lifestyle risk factor (current smoking, sedentary lifestyle, or overweight or obesity) were randomized according to a computer-generated list with sequentially numbered, sealed envelopes.Patients underwent an education program in a unique non-hospital setting (a House of Education) or were treated according to physicians' usual standard of care.The primary outcome was a composite that included at least 1 of the following: smoking cessation, at least 3 hours per week of physical activity, at least 5% reduction in weight, and at least 4% reduction in waist circumference. Patients were followed up for 1 year. An intent-to-treat analysis was performed. RESULTS From June 21, 2006, to July 30, 2008, a total of 251 patients were randomized to the House of Education and 251 to conventional care. The 2 groups did not differ significantly at 12 months in the primary composite outcome (51.8% vs 49.8% success rate; adjusted relative risk [aRR], 1.11; 95% CI, 0.90-1.37) or with correction of all risk factors (aRR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.89-1.66). Similarly, the 2 groups did not differ by physical activity (aRR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.92-1.21), smoking cessation (aRR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.87-1.13), and weight or waist reduction (aRR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.84-1.36).Compared with conventional care, the House of Education did not result in superior improvement in lifestyle-related cardiovascular risk factors after an acute coronary syndrome.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00337480.
Gynecology: Principles and Practice
Authors: John W. Huffman
Journal: JAMA (1971)

There is a plethora of excellent gynecologic textbooks these days. None of them, however, are superior to this one and few equal it. This second edition of Dr. Kistner's book differs considerably from the first. The author has enlisted the services of many of the staff of the Boston Hospital for Women in revising the material, and the book encompasses the whole field of gynecology in the mature patient. The chapter on cervical cancer points up the importance now attached to the early lesions. Not everyone, however, will agree with the author that dysplasia "bordering on carcinoma in situ" is an indication for hysterectomy. The discussion of endometrial carcinoma gives an excellent summary of Kistner's technique. It combines radiation, hormonal therapy, and surgery and deserves thoughtful consideration by those who treat this type of genital malignancy. The chapter on the ovary contains a lucid description of the so-called mesometanephric tumors.
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF ABSCESS OF THE ANTRUM.
Authors: J. H. BRYAN
Journal: JAMA (1889)

The antrum is that triangular-shaped cavity in the superior maxilla, sometimes found extending into the malar bone forming a second cavity. It is lined by mucous membrane continuous with that of the nose, and it is occasionally thrown into folds forming partial septa, a fact of considerable clinical importance. It varies in size according to the age and sex of the individual, being small in children, and larger in the male than in the female. It diminishes in size in old age and after the loss of the teeth. Of the surgical affections of the antrum, suppurative inflammations play the most important part. Until within recent years abscess of the antrum was regarded as rather an uncommon affection, but we now know that it exists much more frequently than was formerly supposed. It occurs generally after the second dentition; although there is one case recorded by P. B. Pedley,<sup>1</sup>
Peripartum Pleural Effusions
Authors: SATTAR FARZAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1983Peripartum Pleural EffusionsSATTAR FARZAN, M.D.SATTAR FARZAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-2-258_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I read with interest the article by Hughson and associates (1) about their common radiographic finding of pleural effusion in women within 24 hours of childbirth, but the authors have unjustifiably called the fluid "postpartum pleural effusion." Without considering the more logical and likely possibility that the pleural fluid had formed during the last stage of pregnancy, they have asserted that the effusion had occurred after delivery. Apparently none of the patients in the retrospective and prospective groups had had prepartum studies for pleural effusion.As extracellular body fluid progressively increases with advancing pregnancy and is lost...Reference1. HUGHSONFRIEDMANFEIGINRESNIKMOSER WPDRK. Postpartum pleural effusion: a common radiographic finding. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:856-8. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byObstetric and gynecologic causes of pleural effusionsPeripartum pleural effusion 1 February 1983Volume 98, Issue 2Page: 258-258KeywordsBirthBody fluidsPleural effusionPregnancyRetrospective studies Issue Published: 1 February 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
Evaluation of a new endoscopic index to predict first bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: M Zoli
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the usefulness of the Italian Liver Cirrhosis Project (ILCP) classification of esophageal varices, together with the gastric features of portal hypertension, in predicting the first upper gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhosis. The efficiency of these endoscopic parameters in predicting bleeding was also compared with the efficiency of the North Italian Endoscopic Club (NIEC) index. Three hundred forty-four cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices but without any previous bleeding were enrolled in the study. The following endoscopic parameters of esophageal varices were recorded: location, size, occupancy, blue tone, and red color signs. Gastric varices were graded as absent or present, while congestive gastropathy was considered as absent, mild to moderate, or severe. All patients were followed until the first upper gastrointestinal bleeding and/or death, or for at least 24 months. No patient received any treatment to prevent bleeding. Sixty-five patients bled from the upper gastrointestinal tract during the study. Univariate analysis showed that all endoscopic parameters were predictors of bleeding. According to multivariate analysis (Cox's model), size, gastric varices and congestive gastropathy were the only independent predictors of bleeding, and the following prognostic index (PI) was developed: PI = (size × 0.0395) + (congestive gastropathy × 0.878) + (gastric varices × 0.705). This index, which was validated using a split-sample technique, and which appears to be superior to the NIEC index in predicting bleeding, may be useful in decision making for primary prophylaxis.
Abstract 4441: Stichoposides induce apoptosis through the generation of ceramide in human leukemia cells
Authors: Joo-In Park, Seong-Hoon Yun, Sung-Won Shin, Eun-Seon Park, Seon-A Lee, Jin-Yeong Han, Jin-Sook Jeong, Valentin A Stonik, Jong-Young Kwak
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Marine triterpene glycosides are physiologically active natural compounds, isolated from sea cucumbers (holothurians) and demonstrate a wide spectrum of biological effects. Stichoposides are extracted from Thelenota anax (family Stichopodidae). Previous studies demonstrated that stichoposides had antifungal, cytotoxic, and antitumor activities. However, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying this effect remain to be elucidated. Stichoposide-induced apoptosis was examined in human leukemia cells in relation to mitochondrial injury and perturbations in signaling pathways. Stichoposide C (STC) induces apoptosis in these cells in a dose-dependent manner and leads to the activation of FAS, recruitment of FADD, activation of caspase-8, cleavage of Bid, mitochondrial damage and activation of caspase-3. In contrast, stichoposide D (STD) induces apoptosis in these cells in a dose-dependent manner and causes to activation of extrinsic pathway, not to activation of intrinsic pathway. In addition, STC- and STD-induced apoptosis are mediated by ER stress pathway, showing that Salubrinal, ER pathway inhibitor, inhibits apoptosis by STC and STD. STD activated acid sphingomyelinase (SMase) and neutral SMase, resulting in the generation of ceramide, but STC slightly activated them. By using specific inhibitor for acid SMase or neutral SMase and siRNA knockdown experiments, stichoposides-induced apoptosis was blocked. Thus, these results indicate that ceramide generation by stichoposides may contribute to stichoposides-induced apoptosis. Thus, these data suggest that stichoposides may have therapeutic relevance in the treatment of human leukemia. This study was supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korea government (MEST) through the Medical Research Center for Cancer Molecular Therapy at Dong-A University (R13-2002-044-05002-0). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4441.
Activation of neurohumoral systems in postinfarction left ventricular dysfunction
Authors: Jean L. Rouleau, Jacques de Champlain, Marc Klein, Daniel Bichet, Lemuel Moyé, Milton Packer, Gilles R. Dagenais, Bruce Sussex, J.Malcolm Arnold, François Sestier, John O. Parker, Patricia McEwan, Victoria Bernstein, T.Edward Cuddy, Gervasio Lamas, Stephen S. Gottlieb, John McCans, Claude Nadeau, François Delage, Peggy Hamm, Marc A. Pfeffer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
Altered signal transduction in cardiac ventricle overexpressing A1-adenosine receptors
Authors: Joachim Neumann, Peter Boknik, Frank Begrow, Gabriela Hanske, Isabel Justus, Marek Mat'us̆, Uta Reinke, G.Paul Matherne, Wilhelm Schmitz
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of A(1)-adenosine receptor (A1-AR) stimulation in ventricle of A(1)-adenosine receptor overexpressing mice (transgenic mice, TG).Effects of the A(1)-adenosine receptor agonist R-PIA ((-)-N(6)-phenylisopropyladenosine) on phosphorylation of phospholamban (PLB), Ca(2+) transients, Ca(2+) currents and cell shortening were studied in isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes.R-PIA alone did not affect contractility in isolated electrically stimulated cardiomyocytes from wild-type mice (WT) or TG. However, after pre-stimulation of beta-adrenoceptors by isoproterenol, R-PIA reduced contractility in cardiomyocytes from WT but increased contractility in TG. Under the same conditions, R-PIA reduced isoproterenol-stimulated currents through L-type Ca(2+) channels, Ca(2+) transients and phosphorylation of PLB in cardiomyocytes from WT. In contrast, R-PIA diminished phospholamban phosphorylation induced by isoproterenol but augmented isoproterenol-elevated currents through L-type Ca(2+) channels, and isoproterenol-heightened Ca(2+) transients in cardiomyocytes from TG.We suggest that A(1)-adenosine receptor overexpression reverses the interaction of beta-adrenergic and A(1)-adenosine receptor stimulation, at least in part. Hence, the receptor/effector coupling is dependent on receptor density in this model.
Clinical Remarks on a Case of Bronchiectasis Treated by Incision and Drainage
Authors: D. W. Finlay
Journal: BMJ (1888)

progress was being made, I found, on introducing the finger, that a sinus ran for some distance in a direction upwards.This I dilated, and detected a collection of pus partially shut off from the rest of the pleural cavity, and lying nearly as high as the clavicle.The sinus was dilated, and the empyema subsequently closed.Secondly, Estlander's operation affords a method of dealing successfully with cases hithlerto incurable, in which the lung is bound down and the chest wall is prevented, by the rigidity and close apposition of the ribs, from falling in and thus obliterating the cavity.Time does not permit me to enter uponI any description of the method by whlich the extensive removal of ribs thllat may be called for can best be carried out.A full account will be found in Mr. Godlee's lectures to which I have already referred.I will only say that, though it may not often be required, it is a highly important addition to the operative surgery of the thorax.
The Public's View of the Future of Medicare
Authors: Robert J. Blendon
Journal: JAMA (1995)

AS WE REACHED the 30th anniversary of the enactment of Medicare, widespread national debate about the future of the program continues. The controversy involves strong disagreements over Medicare's short-term future as well as the shape the program should take in the next century. Health policy experts, national politicians, and opinion leaders have written and spoken extensively on this topic. But less attention has been paid to the views of the average citizen on the future of Medicare. This article seeks to fill that void. We attempt to answer three basic questions. First, how much do Americans know about Medicare and its problems? Second, what do they want to do about the program in the short term, particularly with regard to avoiding bankruptcy of the Medicare Hospital Trust Fund and achieving savings to help balance the federal budget? Last, what is the public's vision of the Medicare program in the next
Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma (Thymic Lymphoma) Imaged With F-18 FDG PET-CT
Authors: William Makis, Vilma Derbekyan, Marc Hickeson
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma is believed to arise from a small population of thymic medullary B-cells, and is considered a distinct entity from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, based on its unique clinical, histopathologic, and molecular features. It represents 2% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas, and has a propensity to affect young women with a median age of 35 years. It usually presents with a bulky tumor in the anterior mediastinum that is rapidly progressive, causing local compressive symptoms. Although distant spread is infrequent at presentation, this subtype of lymphoma tends to spread to unusual extranodal sites such as liver, kidneys, and central nervous system. We present 2 cases of histologically proven primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma, which demonstrate this pattern of distant spread to organs including the stomach and pancreas. In these cases, F-18 FDG PET-CT proved very useful in the evaluation of distant spread of the disease.
Comparative effects of verapamil, diltiazem, and nifedipine on hemodynamics and left ventricular function during acute myocardial ischemia in dogs.
Authors: J Urquhart, R E Patterson, S L Bacharach, M V Green, E H Speir, R Aamodt, S E Epstein
Journal: Circulation (1984)

The calcium channel-blocking drugs verapamil, diltiazem, and nifedipine are being used with increasing frequency in patients with angina pectoris due to coronary artery disease. Although each of these agents possesses negative inotropic potential, their relative effects on myocardial function in relation to their vasodilator potencies are unknown. We understood to study this in 20 conscious dogs that had partial occlusions of their circumflex coronary arteries during therapy with placebo, verapamil, nifedipine, or diltiazem. Myocardial blood flow was measured by use of microspheres, and left ventricular function was measured by radionuclide angiography. Drug effects were compared at doses causing equal decreases in mean arterial pressure and coronary vascular resistance of nonischemic myocardium. Global ejection fraction and ejection fraction of the ischemic region were significantly decreased by verapamil (p less than .01) and increased by nifedipine (p less than .001); diltiazem caused no significant changes. Verapamil significantly increased peak diastolic filling rate (p less than .001); nifedipine also increased diastolic filling rate, but only at doses that markedly decreased mean arterial pressure and coronary vascular resistance. The effect of diltiazem on diastolic filling rate was not significantly different than placebo. For doses causing an equal decrease in mean arterial pressure, verapamil decreased heart rate (p less than .001), and diltiazem and nifedipine increased heart rate (p less than .001). We conclude that the relative potencies of these three calcium channel blocking agents on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function during myocardial ischemia are different when compared with their relative vasodilator potencies. These differences may have important clinical implications.
Endocarditis Due to Group L Streptococcus
Authors: PAUL D. ELLNER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

A beta hemolytic Streptococcus belonging to Lancefield group L was isolated from multiple cultures of the blood of a 43-year-old man with subacute bacterial endocarditis complicated by cerebral emboli. He was treated with penicillin G and recovered. This is the first case of endocarditis due to streptococci of this group.
Reduction of Stroke Events With Pravastatin
Authors: Robert P. Byington, Barry R. Davis, Jonathan F. Plehn, Harvey D. White, Jennifer Baker, Stuart M. Cobbe, James Shepherd
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability. Although clinical trials of the early lipid-lowering therapies did not demonstrate a reduction in the rates of stroke, data from recently completed statin trials strongly suggest benefit. Methods and Results —The effect of pravastatin 40 mg/d on stroke events was investigated in a prospectively defined pooled analysis of 3 large, placebo-controlled, randomized trials that included 19 768 patients with 102 559 person-years of follow-up. In all, 598 participants had a stroke during ≈5 years of follow-up. The 2 secondary prevention trials (CARE [Cholesterol And Recurrent Events] and LIPID [Long-term Intervention with Pravastatin in Ischemic Disease]) individually demonstrated reductions in nonfatal and total stroke rates. When the 13 173 patients from CARE and LIPID were combined, there was a 22% reduction in total strokes (95% CI 7% to 35%, P =0.01) and a 25% reduction in nonfatal stroke (95% CI 10% to 38%). The beneficial effect of pravastatin on total stroke was observed across a wide range of patient characteristics. WOSCOPS (West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study, a primary prevention trial in hypercholesterolemic men) exhibited a similar, although smaller, trend for a reduction in total stroke. Among the CARE/LIPID participants, pravastatin was associated with a 23% reduction in nonhemorrhagic strokes (95% CI 6% to 37%), but there was no statistical treatment group difference in hemorrhagic or unknown type. Conclusions —Pravastatin reduced the risk of stroke over a wide range of lipid values among patients with documented coronary disease. This effect was due to a reduction in nonfatal nonhemorrhagic strokes.
Normal Standards for Lung Volumes, Intrapulmonary Gas-mixing, and Maximum Breathing Capacity
Authors: C. D. Needham, M. C. Rogan, I. McDonald
Journal: Thorax (1954)

An objective assessment of respiratory function is important in the diagnosis and management of patients complaining of dyspnoea or suffering from disease involving the lungs.There are four main subdivisions, excluding blood composition, of the respiratory gas exchange process (ventilatory, dis- tributive, diffusional, and circu!atory), which are disturbed in various proportions in different diseases; therefore no single test of respiratory function can be adequate in all cases (Comroe, 1951 ; Gilson and Oldham, 1952).The ventilatory and distributive (intrapulmonary gas mixing) aspects of respiratory efficiency are commonly studied by measuring the total lung capacity (T.L.C.) and its subdivisions, the maximum breath- ing capacity (M.B.C.), the timed vital capacity (T.V.C.), and some form of "mixing efficiency" test.
Adeno-associated Virus Vectors Serotype 2 Induce Prolonged Proliferation of Capsid-Specific CD8+ T Cells in Mice
Authors: Hua Li, Steven Tuyishime, Te-Lang Wu, Wynetta Giles-Davis, Dongming Zhou, Weidong Xiao, Katherine A High, Hildegund CJ Ertl
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

Using adoptive transfer models we determined that an adeno-associated viral vector of serotype 2 (AAV2) induces in mice proliferation of CD8+ T cells that recognize an epitope within the viral capsid. Proliferation to an endogenous epitope within viral protein (VP)3 could be observed for at least 3 weeks while a foreign epitope placed at multiple copies within VP2 elicited CD8+ T cell expansion for at least 10 weeks. These data show that capsid antigens of AAV2 degrade slowly over a period of weeks and during this period provide targets to CD8+ T cells. Using adoptive transfer models we determined that an adeno-associated viral vector of serotype 2 (AAV2) induces in mice proliferation of CD8+ T cells that recognize an epitope within the viral capsid. Proliferation to an endogenous epitope within viral protein (VP)3 could be observed for at least 3 weeks while a foreign epitope placed at multiple copies within VP2 elicited CD8+ T cell expansion for at least 10 weeks. These data show that capsid antigens of AAV2 degrade slowly over a period of weeks and during this period provide targets to CD8+ T cells.
Blood flow in pulmonary veins: I Studies in dog and man
Authors: B. RAJAGOPALAN, J. A. FRIEND, T. STALLARD, G. D. J. LEE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1979)

The pattern of blood flow in the large extra parenchymal pulmonary veins is pulsatile in both dog and man. This pulsatility is dominated by the changes in left atrial pressure taking place throughout the cardiac cycle. No pulsatile component of low in the large pulmonary veins could be attributed to forward transmission of a flow pulse conducted from the lung capillaries. The findings suggest that there must be a region of considerable compliance in the pulmonary venous system which can absorb pulsations from the lung capillaries and eliminate their transmission to the left atrium.