tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Occupational asthma, rhinitis and urticaria due to piperacillin sodium in a pharmaceutical worker
Authors: G Moscato, E Galdi, J Scibilia, A Dellabianca, P Omodeo, G Vittadini, GP Biscaldi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

A 28 year old man with no history of atopy was referred to our hospital for possible work-related asthma. He had been employed in the production section of a pharmaceutical company for 2 yrs, and in the last 2 months he had complained of dyspnoea, wheezing, chest tightness, symptoms of rhinitis and a cutaneous rash when exposed to powdered antibiotics. Symptoms disappeared after being transferred to the packaging section. When the subject was admitted to our department he was asymptomatic. Basal lung function tests were in the normal range. Bronchial challenges with methacholine and with ultrasonically-nebulized distilled water were negative. Skin-prick test with piperacillin sodium gave a strong positive response at a very low concentration. Specific inhalation challenge with piperacillin sodium resulted in an immediate asthmatic reaction, and also reproduced rhinitis symptoms and the cutaneous rash. A control challenge with lactose, and the specific challenge test with cefuroxime sodium (another antibiotic to which the patient was exposed at the workplace) were negative. We conclude that piperacillin sodium is an agent that can cause occupational asthma.
Familial Occurrence of Hemochromatosis
Authors: C. H. Dillingham
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

HEMOCHROMATOSIS is usually considered idiopathic, but there is increasing evidence, as reported by Finch and Finch1 and others,2 3 4 that the nontransfusional variety may occur as a familial disease and that its mechanism consists of increased absorption and storage of iron that results after many years in damage to multiple organs. Thus, it seems that the term "idiopathic" may no longer be appropriate and that the use of the words familial or hereditary might induce physicians to investigate the relatives of the patient with the so-called "sporadic" case. This is especially significant now that repeated phlebotomy shows some promise of arresting . . .
HIV-1 Nef-induced FasL induction and bystander killing requires p38 MAPK activation
Authors: Karuppiah Muthumani, Andrew Y. Choo, Daniel S. Hwang, Arumugam Premkumar, Nathanael S. Dayes, Crafford Harris, Douglas R. Green, Scott A. Wadsworth, John J. Siekierka, David B. Weiner
Journal: Blood (2005)
Opposite association between diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hepatocellular carcinoma mortality in the middle-aged and elderly
Authors: Chien-Hsieh Chiang, Long-Teng Lee, Shou-Hung Hung, Wen-Yuan Lin, Hui-Fang Hung, Wei-Shiung Yang, Pei-Kun Sung, Kuo-Chin Huang
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Limited data exist regarding metabolic risk factors for deaths from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in aging individuals. We investigated the association between diabetes, dyslipidemia, and HCC mortality in those aged 40 years or more (middle-aged and elderly). In this prospective cohort study based on nationwide health screening units, we consecutively followed middle-aged and elderly participants who had no chronic hepatitis B or C virus infection and received health screening from January 1 1998 to December 31 2008. There were 235 deaths from HCC among 50,080 individuals, ascertained by validated death certificates and the national death registry. Diabetes (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 3.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.35 to 4.86) was positively associated with deaths from HCC. However, hypertriglyceridemia (HR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.55) and hypercholesterolemia (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.37 to 0.67) were inversely associated with HCC mortality. The above significant associations remained in the lag time analyses, applied to check for reverse causation. Metabolic syndrome, as defined by the American Heart Association / National Heart Lung Blood Institute criteria (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.86) or by the International Diabetes Federation criteria (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.89), was inversely associated with deaths from HCC, especially in men. Conclusion : Middle-aged and elderly individuals, once having diabetes, deserve HCC surveillance to reduce HCC mortality. More research is needed to elucidate why having baseline dyslipidemia relates to lower future HCC mortality. (Hepatology 2014;59:2207–2215)
IN-HOSPITAL OUTCOMES OF CAROTID ARTERY STENTING IN PATIENTS WITH A CONTRALATERAL CAROTID OCCLUSION: ANALYSIS FROM THE CAROTID ARTERY REVASCULARIZATION AND ENDARTERECTOMY (CARE) REGISTRY
Authors: Nestor Mercado, David J. Cohen, John A. Spertus, John House, Kevin Kennedy, Paul S. Chan, Kenneth A. Rosenfield, Steven P. Marso
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Role of Cyclin D1 as a Mediator of c-Met– and β-Catenin–Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Mohini A. Patil, Susie A. Lee, Everardo Macias, Ernest T. Lam, Chuanrui Xu, Kirk D. Jones, Coral Ho, Marcelo Rodriguez-Puebla, Xin Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Activation of c-Met signaling and β-catenin mutations are frequent genetic events observed in liver cancer development. Recently, we demonstrated that activated β-catenin can cooperate with c-Met to induce liver cancer formation in a mouse model. Cyclin D1 (CCND1) is an important cell cycle regulator that is considered to be a downstream target of β-catenin. To determine the importance of CCND1 as a mediator of c-Met– and β-catenin–induced hepatocarcinogenesis, we investigated the genetic interactions between CCND1, β-catenin, and c-Met in liver cancer development using mouse models. We coexpressed CCND1 with c-Met in mice and found CCND1 to cooperate with c-Met to promote liver cancer formation. Tumors induced by CCND1/c-Met had a longer latency period, formed at a lower frequency, and seemed to be more benign compared with those induced by β-catenin/c-Met. In addition, when activated β-catenin and c-Met were coinjected into CCND1-null mice, liver tumors developed despite the absence of CCND1. Intriguingly, we observed a moderate accelerated tumor growth and increased tumor malignancy in these CCND1-null mice. Molecular analysis showed an up-regulation of cyclin D2 (CCND2) expression in CCND1-null tumor samples, indicating that CCND2 may replace CCND1 in hepatic tumorigenesis. Together, our results suggest that CCND1 functions as a mediator of β-catenin during HCC pathogenesis, although other molecules may be required to fully propagate β-catenin signaling. Moreover, our data suggest that CCND1 expression is not essential for liver tumor development induced by c-Met and β-catenin. [Cancer Res 2009;69(1):253–61]
Morphological and molecular characteristics of living human fetuses between Carnegi stages 7 and 23: localization of inhibin mRNA and a subunits by in-situ hybridization
Authors: L. Harkness
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1997)

Localization of the mRNA alpha and beta a subunits of inhibin has previously been reported in the human gonads during the second trimester. Adrenal inhibin has also been reported in the second trimester for the alpha, beta a and beta b subunits. Investigations showing localization by in-situ hybridization during the first trimester have not been reported. The results have shown hybridization of the alpha and beta a subunits, throughout the period of development studied, in a variety of tissues including the dorsal and thoracic aortas and pericardium stages 13-22 (beta a subunit); liver stages 19-21 (beta a) and stages 21-22 (alpha); mesonephos stages 21 and 22 (beta a); gonad stages (alpha and beta a); adrenal stages 19-22 (alpha); surface ectoderm stages 16-22 (beta a); mesenchyme stages 16-22 (beta a); amnion stages 13-16 (beta a); yolk sac stage 12 (alpha and beta a); cartilage stages 19-22 (beta a); and nasal proliferation stages 21 and 22 (beta a). When compared with distribution of the protein subunits it was noted that more immunostaining activity was found, suggesting that that probes were not sufficiently sensitive enough to detect all levels of mRNA expressed. It can be surmised, therefore, that the lack of visual hybridization of the mRNA cannot preclude the possibility that it is not being translated within the tissue even though hybridization was not apparent.
An Angiogenic, Endothelial-Cell-Targeted Polymeric Gene Carrier
Authors: Wonhee Suh, Sang-Oh Han, Lei Yu, Sung Wan Kim
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2002)

Targeting is one of the primary considerations in designing a specific and efficient gene delivery system. Here, an angiogenic endothelial cell-targeted polymeric gene delivery carrier was developed by conjugating an alpha(v)beta3/alpha(v)beta5 integrin-binding RGD peptide, ACDCRGDCFC, into the cationic polymer polyethyleneimine (PEI) via a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) spacer. The incorporation of PEG into PEI improved the poor physicochemical properties of PEI-DNA complexes. At a neutral charge ratio, DNA complexes with PEI were polydisperse and substantially aggregated, whereas DNA complexes with PEI-g-1PEG-RGD were homogeneous with 100-200 nm effective diameter. Their surface charge was also significantly reduced due to the charge shielding effect of PEG. However, the extensive grafting of PEI with PEG was shown to inhibit the DNA condensation process, significantly decreasing transfection efficiency. In in vitro transfection experiments with angiogenic endothelial cells, PEI-g-1PEG-RGD showed an approximately fivefold increase in transfection efficiency over PEI, due to an integrin-mediated internalization pathway. PEI-g-1PEG-RGD also exhibited high specificity to angiogenic endothelial cells compared with normal endothelial cells, which was confirmed by in vitro transfection experiments with non-targeting PEI-g-1PEG-RAE in angiostatic endothelial cells.
Suburothelial Myofibroblasts in the Human Overactive Bladder and the Effect of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Treatment
Authors: Alexander Roosen, Soumendra N. Datta, Rasheda A. Chowdhury, Pravina M. Patel, Vinay Kalsi, Sohier Elneil, Prokar Dasgupta, Thomas M. Kessler, Shahid Khan, Jalesh Panicker, Christopher H. Fry, Sebastian Brandner, Clare J. Fowler, Apostolos Apostolidis
Journal: European Urology (2008)
Diagnostic accuracy of adenosine myocardial perfusion tomography in patients with a right ventricular pacemaker
Authors: Su Min Chano, Felix Y. Keng, Eduardo Cwajg, Diego Arakaki, Zuo-Xiang He, Guillermo A. Reyes, Wayne S. Hwang, Mario S. Verani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
TG101348, a JAK2-selective antagonist, inhibits primary hematopoietic cells derived from myeloproliferative disorder patients with JAK2V617F, MPLW515K or JAK2 exon 12 mutations as well as mutation negative patients
Authors: T L Lasho, A Tefferi, J D Hood, S Verstovsek, D G Gilliland, A Pardanani
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
Effect of Somatostatin in Patients with Acromegaly
Authors: Samuel S. C. Yen, Teresa M. Siler, Gary W. De Vane
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Abstract In five patients with acromegaly, the chronic hypersecretion of growth hormone was effectively inhibited by the administration of synthetic somatostatin (intravenous bolus of 250 μg followed by a constant infusion, 500 μg per 45 minutes). The rate of growth hormone decline during the infusion was rapid, with a mean half-time of 24 minutes. After the infusion, a return of secretion to previously elevated levels was observed. These data suggest that the inhibitory action of somatostatin on growth hormone secretion is nearly complete and that the biologic action of somatostatin is brief. In addition, somatostatin induced a concomitant fall in circulating levels of insulin, glucose and prolactin and an increase in fatty free acids. No effect on levels of thyrotropin, follicle-stimulating hormone or luteinizing hormone was observed. (N Engl J Med 290:935–938, 1974)
Acetylcholine Release from Airway Cholinergic Nerves in Horses with Heaves, an Airway Obstructive Disease
Authors: Zhao-Wen Wang, Ming-Fu Yu, N. Edward Robinson, Frederik J. Derksen
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The present study was conducted to determine if acetylcholine (ACh) release from airway cholinergic nerves is increased and if modulation of ACh release by prejunctional receptors is altered in horses with heaves, an obstructive airway disease characterized by airway inflammation and bronchospasm. Trachealis strips and bronchial segments of normal horses and horses affected with heaves were suspended in 2-ml tissue baths. ACh release was induced by electrical field stimulation and the bath ACh content was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. In response to electrical field stimulation, the rate of ACh release from cholinergic nerves innervating the trachea was not significantly different between the two groups of horses. The nonselective muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine augmented ACh release to the same extent in both groups, indicating that there is no dysfunction of muscarinic autoreceptors on cholinergic nerves of large airways from horses with heaves. Compared with the data from normal horses, the inhibitory effect of the alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine on ACh release was lacking in the bronchi and less potent in the trachea, suggesting that the prejunctional alpha2-adrenoceptors are dysfunctional in horses with heaves. Neither exogenous prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) nor the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin influenced ACh release from the bronchi, suggesting that a decrease in airway mucosal PGE2 production reported previously in horses with heaves does not alter ACh release.
The sick building syndrome: prevalence studies.
Authors: M J Finnegan, C A Pickering, P S Burge
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Random samples or the entire workforce in nine offices in which similar clerical work was being performed were studied using a doctor administered questionnaire that inquired into symptoms that have been linked with the "sick building syndrome." Five of the offices were fully air conditioned, one had recirculation of air and mechanical ventilation, and three were naturally ventilated. Workers in three air conditioned and three naturally ventilated buildings were interviewed blind. Seven of the buildings were studied at our request in the absence of any known problem. Comparison of prevalences of symptoms between the naturally ventilated and the other buildings showed a repeated pattern of nasal, eye, and mucous membrane symptoms with lethargy, dry skin, and headaches. There were highly significant excesses of these six symptoms in the air conditioned buildings when compared by chi 2 tests with the naturally ventilated buildings. It is suggested that these six symptoms represent the sick building syndrome and that the size of the problem is probably greater than is currently recognised. Possible causes are discussed.
The matter with “issue”
Authors: Jeff Aronson
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The word issue comes from the Latin word exitus (Italian uscita, French issue), from the supine form exitum of the verb exire, literally “to go out.” Even in Latin, exire and exitus had several meanings; in English, issue has too many. 

There are three forms—the substantive (noun), verb transitive, and verb intransitive. We can deal summarily with the verb forms. To issue [something] means to send it out—an edict, stamp, coin, banknote, report, threat, ultimatum; other meanings are obsolete or rare and all reflect the primary meaning. This form has also spawned an indirect passive form ( BMJ 2002;325:387), to be issued with [something]—at one time much reviled but now an accepted part of the language. To issue [intransitive] means to go …
Two thirds favour organ donation, but only one in 20 take steps to facilitate it
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Poor communication between primary care trusts and GPs is seriously compromising the safety of patients in England, a group of MPs said this week.In its latest report the House of Commons Committee of Public Accounts also warns that 96% of GPs are failing to report dangerous incidents to the National Patient Safety Agency.For its report, which examines the Department of Health's progress in implementing clinical governance in primary care, the committee had taken evidence from the chief executive of the NHS, the deputy chief medical officer, and the NHS's director general of commissioning.Committee chairman Edward Leigh said, "Too many primary care organisations are paying lip service to the principles of the Department of Health's clinical governance agenda.The lines of communication between the primary care trusts, on the one hand, and their GPs and other healthcare contractors, on the other, are defective."He added: "How can we be confident in the NHS's ability to share learning locally and nationally about what can go wrong in health care when only a tiny proportion of GPs-4%-routinely report patient safety events and incidents to the National Patient Safety Agency?"In response to a series of high profile problems in the 1990s, including the Shipman murders and events at the Bristol Royal Infirmary, the health department introduced its 10 year programme to boost patient safety.The centrepiece was the clinical governance system.The new report suggests, however, that clinical governance is not as well established in primary care as in secondary care.The committee says that this is due largely to the complexity of the role of primary care trusts in commissioning and providing care and to the independence of contractors delivering health care, particularly GPs.The Committee of Public Accounts' 47th report of the current session can be found at www. parliament.uk/pac.Primary� care pay�s only� "lip service" to clinical governance, MPs say� UK NEWS Regulator gives green light to research using human-animal embryos, p 531 WoRld NEWS US me�ical authorities are accuse� o�� ��ailing to act over �octors in �uantanamo, p 53� US me�ical authorities are accuse� o�� ��ailing to act over �octors in �uantanamo, p 53� , p 53� bmj.comNumber o�� bipolar �isor�er �iagnoses leaps among US young people Number o�� bipolar �isor�er �iagnoses leaps among US young people
Antigastric autoantibodies in <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>infection: implications of histological and clinical parameters of gastritis
Authors: G Faller, H Steininger, J Kränzlein, H Maul, T Kerkau, J Hensen, E G Hahn, T Kirchner
Journal: Gut (1997)

Background —It has recently been shown that humoral antigastric autoreactivities occur in a substantial number of Helicobacter pylori infected patients. Aims— To analyse the relevance of such antigastric autoantibodies for histological and serological parameters of the infection as well as for the clinical course. Methods —Gastric biopsy samples and sera from 126 patients with upper abdominal complaints were investigated for evidence of H pylori infection using histology and serology. Autoantibodies against epitopes in human gastric mucosa were detected by immunohistochemical techniques. Histological and clinical findings of all patients were then correlated with the detection of antigastric autoantibodies. Results — H pylori infection was significantly associated with antigastric autoantibodies reactive with the luminal membrane of the foveolar epithelium and with canalicular structures within parietal cells. The presence of the latter autoantibodies was significantly correlated with the severity of body gastritis, gastric mucosa atrophy, elevated fasting gastrin concentrations, and a decreased ratio of serum pepsinogen I:II. Furthermore the presence of anticanalicular autoantibodies was associated with a greater than twofold reduced prevalence for duodenal ulcer. Conclusion —The data indicate that antigastric autoantibodies play a role in the pathogenesis and outcome of H pylori gastritis, in particular in the development of gastric mucosal atrophy.
Plasmatic regulation of vascular prostacyclin in pregnancy.
Authors: G Remuzzi, C Zoja, D Marchesi, A Schieppati, G Mecca, R Misiani, M B Donati, G de Gaetano
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Activity of prostacyclin-stimulating factor was measured in six normal, non-pregnant women, six women in early normal pregnancy, six in late normal pregnancy, and six in late pregnancy complicated by severe pre-eclampsia. The activity was lower in the women in late pregnancy than in those in early pregnancy and the controls but was about normal in those with severe pre-eclampsia. These results may be relevant to the physiology of pregnancy and the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia.
Cause of portal or hepatic venous thrombosis in adults: The role of multiple concurrent factors
Authors: Marie-Hélène Denninger, Yasmine Chaït, Nicole Casadevall, Sophie Hillaire, Marie-Claude Guillin, Annie Bezeaud, Serge Erlinger, Jean Briere, Dominique Valla
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

According to a recent hypothesis, venous thrombosis results from the concurrence of several factors. This hypothesis was assessed in patients with portal or hepatic venous thrombosis by simultaneously investigating most of the currently identified prothrombotic disorders, local precipitating factors, and other risk factors such as oral contraceptive use. Patients with a tumorous obstruction and patients with cirrhosis with portal vein thrombosis were excluded. The prothrombotic disorders that were investigated included classical and occult myeloproliferative disorders; antiphospholipid syndrome; protein C; protein S and antithrombin deficiency; factor V Leiden; factor II; and methylene-tetrahydrofolate-reductase gene mutations. We found 1 or several prothrombotic disorders and a local precipitating factor in 26 and 10 of the 36 patients with portal vein thrombosis, respectively; and in 28 and none of the 32 patients with hepatic vein thrombosis, respectively. We found a combination of prothrombotic disorders in 5 and 9 patients with portal and hepatic vein thrombosis, respectively, whereas such a combination is expected in less than 1% of asymptomatic subjects. Of the 10 patients with a local precipitating factor, 8 had a prothrombotic disorder. Of the 13 patients who use oral contraceptives, 10 had a prothrombotic disorder. We conclude that portal or hepatic venous thrombosis should be regarded as an index for 1 or several prothrombotic disorders, whether or not local precipitating factors or oral contraceptive use are found. Concurrence of prothrombotic disorders is more common than expected. Extensive investigation of prothrombotic disorders and anticoagulation should be considered in patients with portal or hepatic venous thrombosis.
Pregnancy order and fetal loss.
Authors: L S Bakketeig, H J Hoffman
Journal: BMJ (1980)

An author of a previously published study on pregnancy order and reproductive loss responds to criticisms leveled at the study in this letter to the editor. The controversial study was accused of biased data; the study under comment was a longitudinal study, with its inherent biases, based on length of study. The original study attempted to associate loss of 1st child with subsequent pregnancies; it was reported that 44% of Norwegian mothers whose 1st child died perinatally would go on to another pregnancy, based on a 7-year observation period. In addition, 41% of women whose 1st birth was of favorable outcome would go on to a 2nd birth. However, if the data for a 3-year period only were assessed, a tendency for mothers to quickly compensate for loss of an infant or pregnancy would be evident, but the equally great tendency for successful 1st birth mothers to go on to a 2nd birth would be unnoticed. In defence of the original article, the 7-year period reported alleviated some of the bias. The study period has been extended to 10 years now, and new data will be forthcoming.
Students whose behaviour causes concern: Role of universities
Authors: J. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2008)

What should you do when you see a fellow student behaving inappropriately? After a group of students wrote to the <i>BMJ </i>about their experience during an elective (doi:10.1136/bmj.a2874), we sought the opinions of an ethicist (doi:10.1136/bmj.a2882), a dean, a GMC representative (doi:10.1136/bmj.a2876), and a lecturer from an African university (doi:10.1136/bmj.a2875)