tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
1001-12 Prevention of flight-related thrombosis with low-molecular weight heparin
Authors: Belcaro Giovanni, Maria Rosaria Cesarone, Andrew N Nicolaides, George Geroulakos, Edmondo Ippolito, Michele Georgiev, Andrea Di Renzo, mark Dougall, Morio Ashai, Steve Kakkos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Personalization of a cardiac electromechanical model using reduced order unscented Kalman filtering from regional volumes
Authors: S. Marchesseau, H. Delingette, M. Sermesant, R. Cabrera-Lozoya, C. Tobon-Gomez, P. Moireau, R.M. Figueras i Ventura, K. Lekadir, A. Hernandez, M. Garreau, E. Donal, C. Leclercq, S.G. Duckett, K. Rhode, C.A. Rinaldi, A.F. Frangi, R. Razavi, D. Chapelle, N. Ayache
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2013)
The Adrenal Cortex
Authors: Arthur R. Colwell
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Written by  chairman of  Department of Medicine at  University of Southern California,  monograph begins with fetal development, guides  reader through biochemical formulas and pathways, covers hormonal pathophysiology, and ends with clinical concepts. A brief historical background pays tribute to  pioneers in  field. Anatomical concepts are based on embryological origin, and are illustrated by adrenal venograms and drawings. The average clinician may not pay attention to  rather complicated explanation for deriving  names of steroid compounds, but he should try to understand  pathways of biosynthesis, faithfully depicted with  methods of estimation of each hormone.  The normal pituitary-adrenal axis and  biological effects resulting from its derangement are of fundamental importance. Iatrogenic adverse effects of therapy suggest that the cure may be worse than  disease, and a plea for alternate-day therapy correlates with other authoritative recommendations. Clinical paragraphs on Addison disease
Nosocomial lower respiratory tract infections in surgical wards.
Authors: W J Kinnear, R G Finch, R Pilkington, J T Macfarlane
Journal: Thorax (1990)

A six month prospective study of nosocomial lower respiratory tract infection was conducted in four general surgery wards and one urological surgery ward. Thirty eight cases were identified, representing 1% of the surgical admissions to these wards. Twenty eight of the infections followed abdominal surgery. Six patients died, five of whom had pre-existing cardiorespiratory disease. Potential pathogens were isolated in 21 patients, the commonest organisms being Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.
iRHOM2 takes control of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Stefan F. Lichtenthaler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

The cytokine TNF-α is a major drug target for rheumatoid arthritis, an inflammatory joint disorder. An alternative approach is to target the protease TNF-α convertase (TACE), which releases TNF-α from cells. However, because TACE cleaves other proteins involved in development and cancer, a tissue-specific inhibition of TACE in immune cells appears mandatory. In this issue of the JCI, Issuree et al. report that iRHOM2 is a TACE activator in immune cells. Loss of iRHOM2 largely protects mice from inflammatory arthritis, making iRHOM2 a potential drug target for this condition.
Influenza vaccine does not cause rejection cardiac transplantation
Authors: Jon A. Kobashigawa, Lynne W. Stevenson, Jaime D. Moriguchi, Corey Chuck, Nobuyuki Kawafa, Lisa Leonard, Jackie Wilmarth, Gaia Magnani, Davis C. Drinkwater, Hillel Laks
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
Industry's Contribution to the Future of Medicine
Authors: Robert Collier Page
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

MEDICAL progress is of vital interest to the employed person, the physician and the community. The machine age of today is helping, rather than hindering, mankind in its search for health. Heretofore, the conflict of man and machine has been such that accident, illness and sudden death have been accepted as necessary for progress. Now, thanks to the present interest in the field of human relations in industry, leading universities are conducting research programs, supported by both labor and business, to improve the health of the worker. Top executives and experts in scientific management and medical, public and employee relations . . .
Individual Morality and Statistical Morality
Authors: RENÉ DUBOS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

Article1 September 1967Individual Morality and Statistical MoralityRENÉ DUBOS, SC.D. (HON.), M.D. (HON.)RENÉ DUBOS, SC.D. (HON.), M.D. (HON.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-67-3-57 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn most human situations we soon become involved in operations that we start without knowing too well what the consequences will be, operations that we do not know how to stop. Many of our ethical problems come from this inability to foresee the consequences of our actions. I am sure that our genial President, Dr. Wright, when he organized this conference, had no sense of what was going to come out of it. If he had had enough foresight, he would have recognized that there have been two entirely different issues before us throughout the morning; one I would summarize...References1. Research in the service of man: Hearings held by Senator Fred Harris, Oklahoma City, Okla., October 24-29, 1966. To be published. Google Scholar2. SCRIBNER BH: The artificial kidney. Presented at the above hearings (1). Google Scholar3. CARSON R: Silent Spring. Houghton-Mifflin Co., Boston, 1962. Google Scholar4. MACLEOD CM: Use of Pesticides. Report of the President's Science Advisory Committee. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1963. Google Scholar5. NADER R: Unsafe at Any Speed. Grossman, New York, 1965. Google Scholar6. WEINBERG A: Scientific choice and biomedical science. Minerva Med. 4: 5, 1965. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: RENÉ DUBOS, SC.D. (HON.), M.D. (HON.)Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1967Volume 67, Issue 3_Part_2Page: 57-60 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 September 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
Subepithelial immunopathology of the large airways in smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: B.E.A. Lams, A.R. Sousa, P.J. Rees, T.H. Lee
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2000)

Previous work has shown an increase in CD8+ T-cells, neutrophils and eosinophils in small airway subepithelium in smokers. The authors have now investigated whether similar changes occur in the large airways. Immunohistochemistry on frozen sections of bronchial biopsies were obtained at bronchoscopy in 11 nonsmokers, eight asymptomatic smokers and 11 smokers with chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There was an increase in the number of CD8+ cells infiltrating the bronchial subepithelium in the COPD group compared to the asymptomatic smokers (305 (109-400) versus 92 (41-550) cells x mm(-2), p=0.030). There was a negative correlation between the number of CD8+ cells and the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) %predicted (p=0.005, r=-0.62), and a positive correlation between the number of CD8+ cells and the number of pack years smoked (p=0.017, r=0.42). There was a negative correlation between the activated/total eosinophils ratio and the FEV1 % pred (p=0.017, r=-0.51). There was a negative correlation between pack years smoked and the number of neutrophils (p=0.022, r=-0.36). Smokers who develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have increased numbers of CD8+ T-cells in large airways when compared to asymptomatic smokers. Airway obstruction was associated with an increase in the proportion of eosinophils that were activated.
Stimulation of activin A expression in rat aortic smooth muscle cells by thrombin and angiotensin II correlates with neointimal formation in vivo.
Authors: J E Pawlowski, D S Taylor, M Valentine, M E Hail, P Ferrer, M C Kowala, C J Molloy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Vasoactive GTP-binding protein-coupled receptor agonists (e.g., angiotensin II [AII] and alpha-thrombin) stimulate the production of mitogenic factors from vascular smooth muscle cells. In experiments to identify mitogens secreted from AII- or alpha-thrombin-stimulated rat aortic smooth muscle (RASM) cells, neutralizing antibodies directed against several growth factors (e.g., PDGF and basic fibroblast growth factor [basic FGF]) failed to inhibit the mitogenic activity of conditioned media samples derived from the cells. In this report, we found that polyclonal neutralizing antibodies directed against purified human placental basic FGF reduced the mitogenic activity of AII-stimulated RASM cell-conditioned media and in immunoblot experiments identified a 26-kD protein (14 kD under reducing conditions) that was distinct from basic FGF. After purification from RASM cell-conditioned medium, amino acid sequence analysis identified the protein as activin A, a member of the TGF-beta superfamily. Increased activin A expression was observed after treatment of the RASM cells with AII, alpha-thrombin, and the protein kinase C agonist PMA. In contrast, PDGF-BB or serum caused only a minor induction of this protein. Although activin A alone only weakly stimulated RASM cell DNA synthesis, it demonstrated a potent comitogenic effect in combination with either EGF or heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor in the RASM cells, increasing DNA synthesis by up to fourfold. Furthermore, in a rat carotid injury model, activin A mRNA was upregulated within 6 h after injury followed by increases in immunoreactive protein detected in the expanding neointima 7 and 14 d later. Taken together, these results indicate that activin A is a vascular smooth muscle cell-derived factor induced by vasoactive agonists that may, either alone or in combination with other vascular derived growth factors, have a role in neointimal formation after arterial injury.
Abstract LB-260: Transcriptional silencing disrupts two levels of arginine biosynthesis in glioblastoma multiforme: a novel, targeted therapeutic strategy for high grade gliomas
Authors: Nelofer Syed, Kevin O'Neill, Mark Hughes, Christiana LoNigro, Laura Lattanzio, Peter Szlosarek, Federico Roncaroli, Timothy Crook
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Changes in the structure and expression of enzymes involved in key metabolic pathways (such as isocitrate dehydrogenase) have been identified in glial brain tumours. To seek novel candidate brain tumour suppressors, we have performed pharmacological methylation reversal. Methods: Methylation reversal was performed in human GBM cell lines and primary explants using 5′ azacytidine (5′AZA), coupled with micro-array analysis, in GBM. Gene expression was analysed using qPCR and western blotting and by immunohistochemistry in clinical cases of supra-tentorial adult GBM. Methylation was analysed using methylation specific PCR and quantitative pyrosequencing. Results: Both ASS1, which encodes arginino succinate synthetase, and arginino succinate lyase (ASL) are down-regulated in GBM. Down-regulation correlates with aberrant, neoplasia-specific methylation in the CpG island of each gene and expression is restored by demethylation. Arginine starvation produced by exposure to the arginine-depleting agent pegylated arginine deiminase induces an adaptive transcriptional up-regulation of both ASS1 and ASL which is blocked in GBM cells by methylation. Cells lacking ASS1 or ASL are sensitive to arginine deprivation and die by apoptosis when treated with arginine deiminsase. In clinical cases of de novo GBM, treated by surgical debulking in our institution, ASS1 was silenced in 13/60 cases and ASL in 3/60. These cases had no expression of the proteins, as seen by immunohistochemistry, together with aberrant CpG methylation. Conclusions: Taken together, these results identify a novel treatment strategy and suggest that ADI-PEG20 warrants evaluation in phase 2 clinical trial in ASS1 negative GBM. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-260. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-260
Ventricular fibrillation threshold and vulnerable period in the isolated perfused rat heart
Authors: W. F. LUBBE, O. L. BRICKNELL, C. MARZAGAO
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1975)

Journal Article Ventricular fibrillation threshold and vulnerable period in the isolated perfused rat heart Get access W. F. LUBBE, W. F. LUBBE From the Ischaemic Heart Disease Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and the Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar O. L. BRICKNELL, O. L. BRICKNELL From the Ischaemic Heart Disease Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and the Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. MARZAGAO C. MARZAGAO 2 From the Ischaemic Heart Disease Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and the Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa 2 Present address: Hospital da Universidade, Lourenço Marques, Mozambique. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 9, Issue 5, September 1975, Pages 613–620, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/9.5.613 Published: 01 September 1975
Agencies renew pledge to tackle measles after target to reduce deaths by 90% is missed
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Global health organisations have announced that they are redoubling efforts to tackle measles in light of new evidence showing that a target to reduce the number of deaths from the disease by 90% has not been reached.

The announcement was made at a press conference on 23 April to coincide with the online publication of a paper in the Lancet (doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60522-4) showing that mortality from measles around the world fell by 74% between 2000 and 2010, short of the 90% target agreed by the World Health Assembly in 2005. The estimated number of deaths worldwide from measles fell from 535 300 in 2000 to 139 300 in 2010.

India accounted for nearly half (47%) of all measles …
Cimetidine and gastric carcinoma.
Authors: R S Arnot
Journal: BMJ (1977)

trophin-releasing hormone (TRH).Seven patients showed evidence of primary pituitary deficiency, five of whom showed low thyroid function, while the basal serum TSH level was not elevated and failed to rise after TRH administration.Thus damage to both the normal hypothalamus and the normal pituitary gland may occur following irradiation in the dose range 5000-8300 rads.Further points in the article concern the effects on GH production of neurosurgery and radiation to parts of the brain other than the hypothalamic-pituitary region.We have studied more than 30 children after neuro- surgery and before irradiation.No child has shown impaired GH responses to provocative stimuli before irradiation.Furthermore no child whose hypothalamic-pituitary axis totally avoided irradiation has ever shown inadequate GH responses.Much more interesting is the question whether or not irradiation of other parts of the brain may interfere with somatic growth by a non-GH-mediated mechanism.There is some evidence that this occurs in the rat.4 fi Finally, the question is raised at the end of your article about possible growth responses to exogenous GH.We have six children with radiation-induced GH deficiency on GH therapy.The mean growth velocity during the pretreatment year was 3 7 cm and during the first year of GH therapy 7 9 cm.These data have not yet been published,:' but other authors have described similar increases in growth velocity with GH therapy in such children.
Beneficial effects of combinatorial micronutrition on body fat and atherosclerosis in mice
Authors: Ilhem El Kochairi, Alexandra Montagner, Gianpaolo Rando, Christine Lohmann, Christian M. Matter, Walter Wahli
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

More than two billion people worldwide are deficient in key micronutrients. Single micronutrients have been used at high doses to prevent and treat dietary insufficiencies. Yet the impact of combinations of micronutrients in small doses aiming to improve lipid disorders and the corresponding metabolic pathways remains incompletely understood. Thus, we investigated whether a combination of micronutrients would reduce fat accumulation and atherosclerosis in mice. Lipoprotein receptor-null mice fed with an original combination of micronutrients incorporated into the daily chow showed reduced weight gain, body fat, plasma triglycerides, and increased oxygen consumption. These effects were achieved through enhanced lipid utilization and reduced lipid accumulation in metabolic organs and were mediated, in part, by the nuclear receptor PPARα. Moreover, the micronutrients partially prevented atherogenesis when administered early in life to apolipoprotein E-null mice. When the micronutrient treatment was started before conception, the anti-atherosclerotic effect was stronger in the progeny. This finding correlated with decreased post-prandial triglyceridaemia and vascular inflammation, two major atherogenic factors. Our data indicate beneficial effects of a combination of micronutritients on body weight gain, hypertriglyceridaemia, liver steatosis, and atherosclerosis in mice, and thus our findings suggest a novel cost-effective combinatorial micronutrient-based strategy worthy of being tested in humans.
ON THE AGGLUTINATIVE AND OPSONIC ACTION OF CERTAIN CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES ON THE RED BLOOD CORPUSCLES, THE RELATION BETWEEN THIS ARTIFICIAL AGGLUTINATION AND AGGLUTINATION BY SERUM, AND THE BEARING OF THESE OBSERVATIONS ON THE AGGLUTINATION AND PHAGOCYTOSIS OF PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS
Authors: C. J. Bond
Journal: BMJ (1919)

M-
Medicaid and Prenatal Care
Authors: Bernard Guyer
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The findings reported by Piper and colleagues<sup>1</sup>that appear in this issue ofThe Journalshould not be baffling or discouraging to policymakers concerned with reducing the nation's infant mortality rate. The authors evaluate the effects in Tennessee of the first of a series of expansions in Medicaid eligibility that were intended to improve the outcome of pregnancy among women with low incomes. This report, and others that will surely follow, should help shape future maternal and child health financing policies. Since the early 1980s, Congress has repeatedly amended Medicaid (Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act, 1981, 1986, 1987, and 1989; Deficit Reduction Act, 1984; Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act, 1985; and Catastrophic Care, 1988) to expand incremental eligibility for pregnant women and infants.<sup>2</sup>Congress initially conceptualized infant mortality as a problem of access to health care. Congressional action was influenced by the findings of the Institute of Medicine's Committee
Transient Glomerular Proteinuria, Enzymuria, and Nephrotoxic Reaction Induced by Radiocontrast Media
Authors: Georges S. Nicot
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Contrast nephropathy is a recognized complication of arteriographic procedures; usually, it consists of a mild deterioration of renal function. In an attempt to understand better the mechanisms involved, we conducted a prospective study before and after arteriography that monitored the urinary elimination of high— and low—molecular weight proteins, the urinary activity of tubular enzymes, and renal clearances of 27 patients. We detected a noticeable and transient nonselective proteinuria of glomerular origin together with moderate signs of tubular damage and a stable renal function. We did not identify any risk factor. Contrast media may alter the disposition of charges along the glomerular filtering membrane in a way that promotes proteinuria; consequently, the massive flow of proteins may injure the tubular cells. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:2432-2434)
Measurement of left ventricular mass in vivo using gated nuclear magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Michael S. Florentine, Cynthia L. Grosskreutz, Wei Chang, Jane A. Hartnett, Val D. Dunn, James C. Ehrhardt, Steven R. Fleagle, Steve M. Collins, Melvin L. Marcus, David J. Skorton
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1986)
Research Ethics, Due Process, and Common Sense
Authors: Paul J. Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1988)

IN THIS issue ofTHE JOURNAL, Mishkin<sup>1</sup>has spelled out a tough-minded approach to research misconduct, arguing that science must enforce its standards more vigorously. This proposal demands prior notification, or the dissemination of "dos and don'ts" for researchers, more serious attention to whistle-blowers, and stricter rules for conducting investigations, so that due process may be strengthened along with the increased severity of potential sanctions. Mishkin illuminates the essential features of a university administration's guidelines for responding to charges of unethical conduct. These features include protection for the accused and the accuser, a graded response based on preliminary assessment of the seriousness of the charges and the likelihood of their validity, and a process of review that involves peers that are well informed but not involved with the questioned research. Logical as this approach is, the skeptical administrator sees some practical problems with it. For one thing, most scientists
Amine content of vaginal fluid from untreated and treated patients with nonspecific vaginitis.
Authors: K C Chen, P S Forsyth, T M Buchanan, K K Holmes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

We examined the vaginal washings from patients with nonspecific vaginitis (NSV) to seek biochemical markers and possible explanations for the signs and symptoms of this syndrome. Seven amines were identified including methylamine, isobutylamine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, tyramine, and phenethylamine. These amines may contribute to the symptoms of NSV and may contribute to the elevated pH of the vaginal discharge. They may also be partly responsible for the "fishy" odor that is characteristic of vaginal discharges from these patients. Among the seven amines, putrescine and cadaverine were the most abundant and were present in all vaginal discharges from each of ten patients before treatment. These amines are produced in vitro during growth of mixed vaginal bacteria in chemically defined medium, presumably by decarboxylation of the corresponding amino acids. We hypothesize the anaerobic vaginal organisms, previously shown to be quantitatively increased in NSV, are responsible for the amine production, because metronidazole inhibited the production of amines by vaginal bacteria in vitro, and Haemophilus vaginalis did not produce amines. H. vaginalis did release high concentrations of pyruvic acid and of amino acids during growth in peptone-starch-dextrose medium, whereas, other vaginal flora consumed both pyruvic acid and amino acids in the same medium during growth. These findings suggest that a symbiotic relationship may exist between H. vaginalis and other vaginal flora in patients with NSV.