tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Erythromycin Blocks the Rapid Component of the Delayed Rectifier Potassium Current and Lengthens Repolarization of Guinea Pig Ventricular Myocytes
Authors: Pascal Daleau, Etienne Lessard, Marie-France Groleau, Jacques Turgeon
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Administration of erythromycin to humans has been associated with lengthening of cardiac repolarization and even proarrhythmia. The objectives of our study were to describe effects of erythromycin on repolarization of isolated hearts and to determine effects of the drug on major K + currents involved in cardiac repolarization. Methods and Results A first set of experiments was conducted in isolated, buffer-perfused guinea pig hearts electrically stimulated at a basic cycle length of 250 ms. In this model, erythromycin 10 −4 mol/L increased monophasic action potential duration measured at 90% repolarization (MAPD 90 ) by 40±7 ms. Increase in MAPD 90 was reproducibly observed in seven hearts studied. To study the mechanism of these effects on cardiac repolarization, a second set of experiments was performed in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes using the whole cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique. In these cells, erythromycin 10 −4 mol/L decreased by about 40% ( P &lt;.05 versus baseline) the time-dependent outward K + current elicited by short depolarizations (250 ms) to low depolarizing voltages (−20 to 0 mV). In contrast, the drug was without significant effects on the time-dependent K + current elicited by long pulses (5000 ms) to high depolarizing voltages (+10 to +50 mV), on the time-independent background current (mostly I K1 ), and on the slow inward calcium current. Conclusions The outward time-dependent K + current blocked by erythromycin in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes had characteristics similar to those described for I Kr . Selective block of this component of I K gives an explanation for the effects of erythromycin on cardiac repolarization. These effects were observed at clinically relevant concentrations reached after intravenous administration of the drug and warn for potential interactions with other action potential–lengthening drugs.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Impact of Incident Venous Thromboembolism on Risk of Arterial Thrombotic Diseases”
Authors: Caroline Lind, Linda E. Flinterman, Kristin F. Enga, Marianne T. Severinsen, Søren R. Kristensen, Sigrid K. Brækkan, Ellisiv B. Mathiesen, Inger Njølstad, Suzanne C. Cannegieter, Kim Overvad, John-Bjarne Hansen
Journal: Circulation (2014)
Tamoxifen blocks chloride channels. A possible mechanism for cataract formation.
Authors: J J Zhang, T J Jacob, M A Valverde, S P Hardy, G M Mintenig, F V Sepúlveda, D R Gill, S C Hyde, A E Trezise, C F Higgins
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Tamoxifen is an antiestrogen frequently used in the treatment of breast cancer and is currently being assessed as a prophylactic for those at high risk of developing tumors. We have found that tamoxifen and its derivatives are high-affinity blockers of specific chloride channels. This blockade appears to be independent of the interaction of tamoxifen with the estrogen receptor and therefore reflects an alternative cellular target. One of the clinical side effects of tamoxifen is impaired vision and cataract. Chloride channels in the lens of the eye were shown to be essential for maintaining normal lens hydration and transmittance. These channels were blocked by tamoxifen and, in organ culture, tamoxifen led to lens opacity associated with cataracts at clinically relevant concentrations. These data suggest a molecular mechanism by which tamoxifen can cause cataract formation and have implications for the clinical use of tamoxifen and related antiestrogens.
Fatal Bone-Marrow Pulmonary Emboli in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: PATRICK J. MCCARTHY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Letters1 March 1977Fatal Bone-Marrow Pulmonary Emboli in Multiple MyelomaPATRICK J. MCCARTHY, M.D., BARRY M. SHMOOKLER, M.D., LAWRENCE E. PIERCE, M.D., F.A.C.P.PATRICK J. MCCARTHY, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, BARRY M. SHMOOKLER, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, LAWRENCE E. PIERCE, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-3-317 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptBone-marrow pulmonary embolism may, on occasion, be a primary or contributory cause of death (1). A sudden fatal outcome after pulmonary bone-marrow embolization in a patient with multiple myeloma was reported by Knoblich and Kreiner (2), but to our knowledge, no additional instances have been published. This report describes a patient with refractory multiple myeloma complicated by poorly understood recurrent dyspneic episodes with hypoxia. The basis for these episodes became apparent at postmortem examination that showed bilateral multiple embolic myelomatous bone-marrow particles occluding primarily medium and smaller branches of the pulmonary artery.A 67-year-old black man was admitted to the...References1. RAPPAPORTRAUMHORRELL HMJ: Bone marrow embolism. Am J Pathol 27:407-433, 1951 MedlineGoogle Scholar2. KNOBLICHKREINER RE: Bone marrow embolism in multiple myeloma. Virchows Arch (Pathol Anat) 347:153-159, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. LENGEMANN P: Ueber die Schicksale verlagerter und embolisierter Gewebsteile im tierischen Körper, in Zur Lehre von den Geschwülsten und Infectionskrankheiten, edited by LUBARSCH O. Wiesbaden, JF Bergmann, 1899, pp. 1-73 Google Scholar4. HAVIGGRÜNER #O: Pulmonary bone marrow embolism. A histological study of non-selected autopsy material. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand (A) 81:276-280, 1973 Google Scholar5. ROGELROSENMANNRACHMILEWITZ SEE: Multiple pulmonary infarction caused by bone-marrow emboli. N Engl J Med 272:732-734, 1965 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Departments of Medicine and Pathology Washington Hospital Center Washington, DC 20010 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPulmonary Vascular DiseaseMultiple complications in multiple myelomaVascular DiseasesPerfusionsstörungenPleural effusion in multiple myelomaBone Marrow Emboli in a Patient with Miliary Tuberculosis 1 March 1977Volume 86, Issue 3Page: 317-318KeywordsAutopsyHypoxiaMultiple myelomaPulmonary arteriesPulmonary embolism ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...
Beyond the cardiorenal anaemia syndrome: recognizing the role of iron deficiency
Authors: Iain C. Macdougall, Bernard Canaud, Angel L.M. de Francisco, Gerasimos Filippatos, Piotr Ponikowski, Donald Silverberg, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Stefan D. Anker
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2012)

Growing awareness that heart failure, renal impairment, and anaemia are frequent co-morbidities which can exacerbate one another in a vicious circle of clinical deterioration has led to the concept of the cardiorenal anaemia syndrome (CRAS). The role of iron deficiency within this complex interplay has been less well examined. Scrutiny of data from the recent FAIR-HF trial raises a new hypothesis: is it time for 'CRAS' to be supplemented with new acronyms such as CRIDS (cardiorenal-iron deficiency syndrome) or even CRAIDS (cardiorenal-anaemia-iron deficiency syndrome)? Iron deficiency occurs frequently in heart failure patients with or without anaemia. It not only impairs oxygen transport through reduced erythropoiesis, but adversely affects oxidative metabolism, cellular energetics, and immune mechanisms, and the synthesis and degradation of complex molecules such as DNA. One large observational study in patients with heart failure found iron deficiency to be an independent predictor of death or urgent heart transplantation (hazard ratio 1.58, 95% confidence interval 1.14-2.17, P = 0.005). In the FAIR-HF trial, i.v. iron therapy was associated with significant improvements in physical functioning in iron-deficient patients with heart failure, even in non-anaemic patients in whom haemoglobin levels did not change following i.v. iron administration. Key questions regarding the use of i.v. iron supplementation in the setting of heart failure merit exploration and could readily be answered by appropriately designed clinical trials. It is to be hoped that these important clinical trials are conducted, to permit a more subtle characterization of the patient's pathological condition and interventional requirements.
Successful Chemotherapy of Transfusion Babesiosis
Authors: MURRAY WITTNER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

We describe babesiosis transmitted by transfusion. The infected blood donor was identified and a minimum period of infectivity of the donor's blood was established. We report a new modality for chemotherapy consisting of quinine plus clindamycin, and a new endemic focus for this zoonosis on Fire Island, New York. There are insufficient data to establish a reasonably safe period after which visitors and residents of Babesia-endemic foci can become blood donors. Screening of such persons by a rapid serologic test, such as the ELISA or immunofluorescent antibody tests, is suggested.
Suppression of inflammation in rat autoimmune myocarditis by S100A8/A9 through modulation of the proinflammatory cytokine network
Authors: Kaoru Otsuka, Fumio Terasaki, Masaki Ikemoto, Shuichi Fujita, Bin Tsukada, Takashi Katashima, Yumiko Kanzaki, Koichi Sohmiya, Tatsuji Kono, Haruhiro Toko, Masatoshi Fujita, Yasushi Kitaura
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2009)
Serological Reactions in Erythema Multiforme
Authors: N. R. Grist
Journal: BMJ (1972)

sary.The stimulation is used purely as an educational aid to increase the patient's awareness of the pelvic floor musculature in order that she can actively retrain the muscles herself by repeated exercises.It seems to be a reasonable rather than an extreme view to try to cure stress in- continence, for merely to control it with continuous electrical stimulation involves the permanent use of an electrode bearing device either in the vagina or anal canal and recurrent expense on batteries to the patient ad infinitum.It also seems reasonable to co- operate with physiotherapists whose special experience and skill can increase the effec- tiveness of these modern techniques.-Weare, etc.,
The number of prognostically detrimental mutations and prognosis in primary myelofibrosis: an international study of 797 patients
Authors: P Guglielmelli, T L Lasho, G Rotunno, J Score, C Mannarelli, A Pancrazzi, F Biamonte, A Pardanani, K Zoi, A Reiter, A Duncombe, T Fanelli, D Pietra, E Rumi, C Finke, N Gangat, R P Ketterling, R A Knudson, C A Hanson, A Bosi, A Pereira, R Manfredini, F Cervantes, G Barosi, M Cazzola, N C P Cross, A M Vannucchi, A Tefferi
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Mycophenolate mofetil prevents arteriolopathy and renal injury in subtotal ablation despite persistent hypertension
Authors: Edilia Tapia, Martha Franco, Laura G. Sánchez-Lozada, Virgilia Soto, Carmen Avila-Casado, José Santamaría, Yasmir Quiroz, Bernardo Rodríguez-Iturbe, Jaime Herrera-Acosta
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
A CLINICAL COMPARISON OF CERETEC??? (To99n-HmPAO) AND Tc99m- ECD, A NEW BRAIN PERPUSION IMAGING AGENT
Authors: Jean Leveille, Jean-Maurice Doueshard, Donna Kupranyca, Raymond Taillefor, Bernard Lefebvre
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

s of the 20th Annual Meeting of the New England Chapter of the Society of the Nuclear Medicine: PDF Only
Testosterone-Producing Adrenal Adenoma in a Woman With Normal Urinary 17-Ketosteroid Levels
Authors: Richard Dolinar
Journal: JAMA (1983)

VIRILIZATION of an adult woman with greatly elevated levels of serum testosterone and normal urinary 17-ketosteroid levels is most often related to an ovarian tumor.<sup>1</sup>We recently examined a patient who was virilized and had high circulating levels of testosterone and normal urinary 17-ketosteroid levels. She had had both ovaries removed in search of an ovarian virilizing tumor. A testosterone-producing adrenal adenoma of the left adrenal gland was later identified and removed. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 60-year-old woman was referred for evaluation of virilization and persistent elevation of serum testosterone levels after bilateral oophorectomy. At the age of 50 years, she had noted the onset of hirsutism over the posterior portions of her legs, which had progressed gradually to involve the entire body. By the age of 56 years, she had been shaving her face and her legs daily as well as her abdomen and her chest less
A NEW TONSILLOTOME.
Authors: E. E. STRAW
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The instrument here represented is a double-curved scissors, the blades of which are connected to the handles by means of a tube and shaft. The handles are held by a detachable and reversible lock, and the blades joined at the distal ends by a pin-lock. A slot one-eighth of an inch wide, running the entire length of the tube, allows the passage of the shaft in taking the instrument apart and putting it together. A separation or closure of the handles rotates the shaft inside of the tube and causes a corresponding motion of the blades. This tonsillotome possesses the following advantages: 1. It engages the whole tonsil, and the curvature of the blades is such that any desired amount of tissue can be removed at the first cut without danger of injuring the faucial pillars. 2. The tendency of the blades is to pass behind and not through the
SOME POINTS ON TRACHEOTOMY.
Authors: W. W. DAWSON
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Imperative tracheotomy for foreign bodies or for rescue from impending death from disease, has ever been the dread of the practitioner, hence when Dr. O'Dwyer invented an apparatus for tubing the larynx, supplanting the operation in many cases, his suggestion was received with enthusiasm, and deservedly so; still there are conditions in which the trachea must be opened. For foreign bodies it is the only relief, and in cases of extreme emergency from disease, where the patient may die before the mechanical appliance can be procured. This dread of tracheotomy has arisen from the fact that most authors have invested the operation with great dangers, surrounded it with serious complications, such as unavoidable hæmorrhage, wound of the great vessels at the base of the neck, injury to the adjacent cervical arteries and veins, strangulation during the process, bleeding from the wounded isthmus of the thyroid, wounding
The Pittsburgh Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) Morbidity and Mortality Study: Case-Control Analyses of Risk Factors for Mortality
Authors: Janice S Dorman, Naoko Tajima, Ronald E LaPorte, Dorothy J Becker, Karen J Cruickshanks, Diane K Wagener, Trevor J Orchard, Allan L Drash
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

Although children with IDDM are at a sevenfold increased risk of dying when compared with nondiabetic individuals of the same age, the factors associated with the excess in mortality remain unclear. To investigate potential determinants of mortality among IDDM patients, a case-control study was conducted. These retrospectively obtained data indicated that shorter relative height at onset, frequent diabetes-related readmissions, the presence of diabetes complications, a family history of diabetes, premature familial mortality, no participation in school team sports, and a lower level of education were related to subsequent mortality among males. Among females, however, a shorter duration of diabetes clinic attendance and the presence of diabetes complications were the only significant associations to mortality.
Trade Names, Generic Names
Authors: Harvey P. Barton
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A common problem in the pharmacy is interpretation of orders for drugs with similar trade name, generic name, and therapeutic indication. This problem was exemplified in the letter, "Subgluteal Infection Following Regional Anesthesia," appearing in the July 15, 1974, issue ofThe Journal(229:268, 1974). Cephalexin monohydrate (Keflex) is available only in oral dosage forms. Possibly, the authors were referring to one of the other parenteral cephalosporin antibiotics, such as cephalothin sodium (Keflin), cephaloridine (Loridine), cefazolin sodium (Ancef, Kefzol), or cephapirin sodium (Cefadyl). Confusion as to which drug entity is desired can be dangerous when differences in dosages exist and when multiple communications are used in transmission of the physician's order, such as physician to nurse, or nurse to pharmacist. One method of decreasing the chance of misinterpretation would be strict adherence to a formulary system that included only one drug entity of a pharmacological class of
Effect of Pretreatment with Carbimazole in Patients with Thyrotoxicosis Subsequently Treated with Radioactive Iodine
Authors: A. W. G. Goolden, T. R. Fraser
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Preliminary treatment with carbimazole in a series of 181 patients with thyrotoxicosis selected for treatment with radioactive iodine did not make any significant difference to the subsequent response to <sup>131</sup>I therapy.
Resisting arrest: a switch from angiogenesis to vasculogenesis in recurrent malignant gliomas
Authors: Jeffrey P. Greenfield, William S. Cobb, David Lyden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

The cellular and molecular events that initiate and promote malignant glioma development are not completely understood. The treatment modalities designed to promote its demise are all ultimately ineffective, leading to disease progression. In this issue of the JCI, Kioi et al. demonstrate that vasculogenesis and angiogenesis potentially play distinct roles in the etiology of primary and recurrent malignant gliomas, suggesting that patient therapy should perhaps be tailored specifically against the predominant vasculature pathway at a given specific stage of gliomagenesis.
MUSTANG Is a Novel Family of Domesticated Transposase Genes Found in Diverse Angiosperms
Authors: Rebecca K. Cowan, Douglas R. Hoen, Daniel J. Schoen, Thomas E. Bureau
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

While transposons have traditionally been viewed as genomic parasites or "junk DNA," the discovery of transposon-derived host genes has fueled an ongoing debate over the evolutionary role of transposons. In particular, while mobility-related open reading frames have been known to acquire host functions, the contribution of these types of events to the evolution of genes is not well understood. Here we report that genome-wide searches for Mutator transposase–derived host genes in Arabidopsis thaliana (Columbia-0) and Oryza sativa ssp. japonica (cv. Nipponbare) (domesticated rice) identified 121 sequences, including the taxonomically conserved MUSTANG1. Syntenic MUSTANG1 orthologs in such varied plant species as rice, poplar, Arabidopsis, and Medicago truncatula appear to be under purifying selection. However, despite the evidence of this pathway of gene evolution, MUSTANG1 belongs to one of only two Mutator-like gene families with members in both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants, suggesting that Mutator-like elements seldom evolve into taxonomically widespread host genes.
Smoking and mortality of male doctors
Authors: M. Goldman
Journal: BMJ (1980)

may be responsible for stress.Though this possibility should not be overlooked, simple observation of increased smoking during war time suggests that smoking alleviates stress or fulfils some other basic human need (for example, relieves boredom) for many people, a view consistent with the US Surgeon-General's recognition of "significant beneficial effects of smoking primarily in the area of mental health."3Dr T Khosla and Professor H Campbell (2 February, p 331) suggested that, by restricting my attentions to those under 65, I had given a
Studies on steroid fever II. Pyrogenic and anti-pyrogenic activity in vitro of some endogenous steroids of man
Authors: G. M. Dillard, Phyllis Bodel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

The pyrogenic properties of some C-19 and C-21 steroids were examined by in vitro incubation of human blood leukocytes with serum-buffer solutions of the steroids and injection of the 18-hr supernatants into rabbits. In previous studies this method demonstrated release of leukocyte endogenous pyrogen by etiocholanolone. With two exceptions, steroids known to cause fever in man, such as 11β-OH etiocholanolone and 3α-hydroxy-5β-pregnane-20-one were also pyrogenic in vitro. All steroids tested which are nonpyrogenic in man, such as androsterone, 3β-OH etiocholanolone, and 3α, 17α-dihydroxy-5β-pregnan-20-one were also nonpyrogenic in vitro. Solubility in aqueous solution did not correlate with pyrogenic capacity.
Thoughts on health economics in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Gisela Kobelt
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

In this manuscript we discuss the reasons why and how health economics is important, the type of economic studies that are relevant in healthcare to different stakeholders in general, and what analyses can and have been performed in the field of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We will thus specifically address costs and outcome measurements in RA, as well as the need for modelling in chronic progressive diseases.
Serum α‐fetoprotein level in Fanconi's anemia: Evaluation of 33 Turkish patients
Authors: Deniz Aslan, Fatma Gümrük, Mehmet Alikaşifoğlu, Çiğdem Altay
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract Recently, measurement of serum α‐fetoprotein (sAFP) was introduced as a preliminary test for diagnosis of Fanconi's anemia (FA). In the present study, sAFP levels were measured in order to determine its sensitivity and specificity in 33 Turkish FA patients (17 males and 16 females) with a mean age of 11.6 ± 7.7 (1.0–28.0) (median 10.0). Complementation groups were available in 12 patients. Nineteen age‐matched healthy children, 17 patients with bone marrow failure syndromes, 37 FA heterozygotes, and 37 children with acute leukemia served as negative control groups. The sAFP was measured by particle immunoassay. The level of sAFP was found to be higher than the cut‐off value, 8 IU/mL in 46% and was within normal limits in 54% of the FA patients. The AFP values were within normal limits in all of the subjects belonging to the control groups. This method provided 46% sensitivity and 100% specificity in the diagnosis of FA. The sAFP values were high in 4 of 17 (24%) FA patients who did not receive any androgen therapy, while the sAFP level was high in 7 of 9 (78%) patients who received such a therapy. The statistical analysis of incidence of a high sAFP level between these two groups indicated a significant difference ( P = 0.014), suggesting that androgen therapy might be a contributing factor for elevation of sAFP. The comparison of several clinical and laboratory parameters between FA patients with high and normal levels of AFP revealed no statistically significant differences. The level of sAFP was elevated in only 5 of the 11 patients with complementation group A; in addition, variable levels of sAFP were noted among the affected members in 4 families, indicating that complementation groups, type of mutation, or familial factors were not responsible for elevation of sAFP. Am. J. Hematol. 71:275–278, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
EIF2AK4 mutations cause pulmonary veno-occlusive disease, a recessive form of pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Mélanie Eyries, David Montani, Barbara Girerd, Claire Perret, Anne Leroy, Christine Lonjou, Nadjim Chelghoum, Florence Coulet, Damien Bonnet, Peter Dorfmüller, Elie Fadel, Olivier Sitbon, Gérald Simonneau, David-Alexandre Tregouët, Marc Humbert, Florent Soubrier
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)