tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
More on switching statins: Comments from Pfizer
Authors: Kate Lloyd
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Editor-Last year Hern et al published an editorial on knife crime and clearly the problem has not gone away. 1 A quick search of the Times website finds 90 hits on the single search term "stabbing" in the past three months alone.Several recent deaths have fuelled the perception that forensic knife injuries have become an epidemic, resulting in a knife amnesty and government discussion of new punitive measures.An increase in such injuries is supported by data from regional police forces and the Home Office, with 1200 reported attacks in London last year and 30% of homicides caused by knife injury. 2 Crimes defined as "more serious wounding or other act endangering life" almost doubled nationally from 1995 to 2005. 3 We audited forensic knife injuries at this hospital, one of Europe's busiest emergency departments, to establish the size of this problem in a representative urban area (east London).We extracted data on forensic knife injuries (excluding deliberate self harm) from a detailed prospectively recorded database of all trauma calls from July 2004 to June 2006 (these reflecting more severe injuries).Overall there were 309 forensic knife injuries; 259 patients were admitted, 184 were operated on, and eight died.The chest was the most common area injured (183/309 patients, 6/8 deaths).Most patients were men (297/309), and mean age was 28 (range 15-74).To give a measure of changing incidence over a longer time of a greater range of severity of injury, we also performed an audit of all cases coded as "stabbing" on the patient administration system during the 10 year period from July 1997 to June 2006 (figure).Over both periods, the data show an increase in the overall incidence of stabbings.Furthermore, increased need for surgical intervention in the prospective study may reflect increasing severity of injury.These data therefore seem to support the general perception that knife injuries are increasing.
Manual vs Mechanical External Cardiac Massage
Authors: Joel J. Nobel
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I would like to comment on your report (<b>196</b>, April 4, 1966, adv p 36), comparing manual and mechanical external cardiac massage. We have been engaged in a study of mechanical resuscitation aids, and both our methods and our results differ from the one reported. Much of our data derive from direct on-line recording, which takes place automatically during clinical resuscitation of humans. Our experience in using instrumented manikins for trials suggests that the substantial difference in weight, measurable phenomena, physical results derived, and completely different psychological response to the manikin make this an ineffective comparison method. Effective studies cannot be carried out on most animals because of differences in anatomy of the mediastinum and thorax. Manually lever-operated plungers possess all of the disadvantages of manual and mechanical external cardiac massage with the advantages of neither. Some are more time-consuming and difficult to set up than pneumatically
BET inhibition as a single or combined therapeutic approach in primary paediatric B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: D Da Costa, A Agathanggelou, T Perry, V Weston, E Petermann, A Zlatanou, C Oldreive, W Wei, G Stewart, J Longman, E Smith, P Kearns, S Knapp, T Stankovic
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2013)

Paediatric B-precursor ALL is a highly curable disease, however, treatment resistance in some patients and the long-term toxic effects of current therapies pose the need for more targeted therapeutic approaches. We addressed the cytotoxic effect of JQ1, a highly selective inhibitor against the transcriptional regulators, bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family of proteins, in paediatric ALL. We showed a potent in vitro cytotoxic response of a panel of primary ALL to JQ1, independent of their prognostic features but dependent on high MYC expression and coupled with transcriptional downregulation of multiple pro-survival pathways. In agreement with earlier studies, JQ1 induced cell cycle arrest. Here we show that BET inhibition also reduced c-Myc protein stability and suppressed progression of DNA replication forks in ALL cells. Consistent with c-Myc depletion and downregulation of pro-survival pathways JQ1 sensitised primary ALL samples to the classic ALL therapeutic agent dexamethasone. Finally, we demonstrated that JQ1 reduces ALL growth in ALL xenograft models, both as a single agent and in combination with dexamethasone. We conclude that targeting BET proteins should be considered as a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of paediatric ALL and particularly those cases that exhibit suboptimal responses to standard treatment.
The transcription factor Erg is essential for definitive hematopoiesis and the function of adult hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Stephen J Loughran, Elizabeth A Kruse, Douglas F Hacking, Carolyn A de Graaf, Craig D Hyland, Tracy A Willson, Katya J Henley, Sarah Ellis, Anne K Voss, Donald Metcalf, Douglas J Hilton, Warren S Alexander, Benjamin T Kile
Journal: Nature Immunology (2008)
Amelanotic malignant melanoma presenting as malignant schwannoma
Authors: D. SCHADENDORF, N. HAAS, M. WORM, H. OSTMEIER, C. KOHLMUS, J. GOTTSCHALK, B. ALGERMISSEN, G. JAUTZKE, B.M. CZARNETZKI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Journal Article Amelanotic malignant melanoma presenting as malignant schwannoma Get access D. SCHADENDORF, D. SCHADENDORF Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Rudolf Virchow, FU Berlin, Germany Dr D.Schadendorf, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Rudolf Virchow, Augustenburger Platz 1, D‐13344 Berlin, Germany. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar N. HAAS, N. HAAS Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Rudolf Virchow, FU Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. WORM, M. WORM Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Rudolf Virchow, FU Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. OSTMEIER, H. OSTMEIER Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Rudolf Virchow, FU Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. KOHLMUS, C. KOHLMUS Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Rudolf Virchow, FU Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. GOTTSCHALK, J. GOTTSCHALK Division of Neuropathology, University Hospital Rudolf Virchow, FU Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. ALGERMISSEN, B. ALGERMISSEN Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Rudolf Virchow, FU Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. JAUTZKE, G. JAUTZKE Department of Pathology, University Hospital Rudolf Virchow, FU Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B.M. CZARNETZKI B.M. CZARNETZKI Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Rudolf Virchow, FU Berlin, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 129, Issue 5, 1 November 1993, Pages 609–614, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00496.x Published: 01 November 1993 Article history Accepted: 18 March 1993 Published: 01 November 1993
Abstract 4205: Identification of glycine N-methyltransferase-regulated genes in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Silvia Ottaviani, Ciara O'Hanlon Brown, Jonathan Waxman, Simak Ali, Laki Buluwela
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT) is a S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferase which catalyses the transfer of the methyl group on SAM to the amino acid glycine to generate N-methyl glycine (sarcosine), a compound with poorly defined biological functions. In prostate cancer GNMT may act as a tumour-susceptible gene. Its expression has been shown to be abundant in normal prostate and benign prostatic hyperplasia tissues and diminished in prostate cancer. It is therefore important to determine the significance of GNMT in the development and progression of prostate cancer and investigate the gene expression changes upon the loss of its expression in prostate cancer cells. Using gene expression microarray analysis of the androgen-responsive LNCaP cell line, we previously identified genes that were differentially expressed upon treatment with the synthetic androgen R1881 (Ngan et al 2009 Oncogene 128: 2051-2063). GNMT was the third most significant up-regulated gene, showing up-regulation by 19-fold after 24 hours of R1881 treatment. Using a panel of prostate cancer cell lines, GNMT expression was seen to be highest in androgen receptor (AR) positive cells, where expression was increased after treatment with R1881 and reduced following addition of the anti-androgen bicalutamide. Together, these findings highlight the importance of GNMT in the androgen-mediated regulation of prostate cancer. In the present study, we aimed to gain new insight into the specific function of GNMT in prostate cancer. We used siRNAs to investigate the effects of GNMT knockdown on global gene expression. The expression profiling was carried out in the LNCaP cell line using the Illumina HT-12 v4 array platform. To minimize off-target effects, LNCaP cells were treated with two different siRNAs targeting the GNMT transcript and a non-targeting siRNA was used as control. Differentially expressed genes that were statistically significant in both siRNA-mediated GNMT knockdown were validated by TaqMan Real-Time RT-PCR and considered for further analysis. In addition, to provide a detailed and comprehensive assessment of the androgen response in LNCaP cells, the LNCaP transcriptome was also analysed after AR knockdown compared to non-targeting siRNA control and R1881 treatment compared to no ligand control. To our knowledge, this is the first study that reveals potential GNMT downstream targets in prostate cancer cells. Further analysis will better characterize the molecular pathways triggered by the enzyme in the progression of the cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4205. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4205
Can Genomics Bend the Cost Curve?
Authors: Katrina Armstrong
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Total Nodal Irradiation
Authors: Ralph E. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Increasing enthusiasm for the aggressive radiotherapy of patients with Hodgkin's disease has resulted from worldwide recognition that irradiation is a potentially curative modality of treatment. The determinants that govern treatment decisions have progressively become defined more precisely. They include methods of diagnostic evaluation, staging, indications for the selection of appropriate treatment, and the techniques for administration of the selected treatment. These determinants are briefly discussed under several general categories. <h3>Staging of Disease</h3> Clinical staging is unreliable. The inadequacy of physical examination in establishing the true extent of involvement has long been apparent; recognition of its inadequacy prompted the use of prophylactic irradiation to clinically uninvolved adjacent regions more than three decades ago.<sup>9</sup>Subsequently, a variety of diagnostic studies including bipedal lymphangiography<sup>5</sup>similarly have proven unreliable. More recently, surgical exploration of the abdomen<sup>43</sup>has been advocated to improve the accuracy of defining the extent of involvement. However, we
Collected and neglected: are Oxford hostels for the homeless filling up with disabled psychiatric patients?
Authors: M. Marshall
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To assess the severity of psychiatric symptoms among residents of hostels for homeless people. DESIGN--Survey of residents in two hostels in Oxford, comprising three weeks of background fieldwork, a demographic questionnaire, and rating behaviour over two weeks with a behavioural rating scale (REHAB) and mental state with the brief psychiatric rating scale. SETTING--Two hostels for homeless people in Oxford. SUBJECTS--146 Medium to long term residents, of whom 48 were selected by hostel workers by the following criteria: continuous residence for at least two months, signs of persistent severe mental disability, and difficulty in coping independently in the community. Two subjects died during the study; three (previously long term psychiatric inpatients) declined to be assessed on the psychiatric scale. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Behavioural disturbance and mental state. RESULTS--Only a third of the total sample had been born in Oxfordshire. Subjects had been accepted into the hostel either by arrangement with the local psychiatric service (22) or straight off the streets (26); 43 had had a previous (non-drug related) psychiatric admission. Subjects were significantly more likely than other residents to have spent longer (greater than 80 weeks) in a hostel in the past three years (p less than 0.02). With reference to norms for deviant behaviour, the 46 subjects assessed showed considerable deviant behaviour (average weekly scores: 0 (11 subjects), 1 (14), 2-3 (16), and greater than or equal to 4 (5] not significantly different from that expected in moderately to severely handicapped psychiatric inpatients (chi 2 = 1.3, df = 3, p greater than 0.7); 22 had scores equivalent to those in most severely handicapped inpatients. Of the 43 subjects assessed with the psychiatric rating scale, 16 had symptoms of neurosis, 29 of florid psychosis, and 32 of a deficit state. Symptoms of deficit state were positively correlated with ratings of low social activity on the behavioural scale (Spearman9s rank correlation coefficient 0.30, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS--Hostels are having to care for long term severely affected psychiatric patients discharged into the community. The suitability of the services offered to such subjects should be assessed.
Emotion and Sensibility in Ages of Anxiety: A Comparative Historical Review
Authors: GEORGE ROSEN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

Our own times have been characterized as an "age of anxiety," a period of insecurity, frustration, and uneasiness in which familiar guidelines have begun to disintegrate and the future seems ominous. That this experience is neither new nor unique is demonstrated in this author's historical comparison. He has employed the concepts of sensibility and emotional climate to organize the phenomena of earlier ages of anxiety and to portray the shifting relations among social conditions, irrationality, and mental disorder.
A fresh new contract for general practitioners
Authors: R. Lewis
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Aim: To evaluate the value of <sup>18</sup>F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET/CT) in myeloma in patients presenting with a solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SPB). Patients and Methods: Fourteen consecutive patients studied since 2006, all having a diagnosis of SPB before PET/CT imaging took part in this study. In 3 patients PET/CT was performed for staging while in the remaining 11 it was used to monitor therapy. PET/CT was performed using a dedicated tomograph 60-90 minutes after intravenous injection of 5.3 MBq/kg of <sup>18</sup>F-FDG and the results were compared to other diagnostic procedures [radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)], biopsy, and other available follow-up data. Results: In 8/14 patients, PET/CT scans showed previously unsuspected sites of increased FDG accumulation. In 6/8 patients, FDG uptake was considered pathologic, depicting myeloma involvement in bone, while in the remaining cases, findings were considered incidental and not related to myeloma. PET findings attributed to myeloma were confirmed (i.e. true positives) in 6/6 cases (100%) and in all patients with findings reported as non-pathologic, myeloma was excluded (100% true negatives). Conclusion: Our preliminary data in a small number of cases suggests that there are a group of patients with SPB (local disease) in whom FDG PET/CT may detect other unsuspected sites of bone involvement, upstaging the extent of the disease. In these cases, SPB may be a local manifestation of multiple myeloma where other sites of involvement have eluded detection by other less sensitive imaging modalities (i.e. skeletal surveys) or anatomically restricted imaging (i.e., less than total body MR or CT). Finding other sites of involvement have significant implications for appropriate treatment of myeloma.
Juvenile intussusception: commonly undiagnosed
Authors: S. S Miller
Journal: BMJ (1988)

We have reported recently that lipopolysaccharide endotoxin and platelet activating factor cooperate in priming relationships to elicit lung microvascular injury. Lung injury was associated with elevated serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) and histological findings highly reminiscent of the adult respiratory distress syndrome. The present study was designed to examine the role of TNF alpha in lipopolysaccharide/platelet activating factor-induced lung injury by utilizing a highly specific monoclonal antibody which block TNF alpha actions (anti-TNF alpha monoclonal antibody). Pretreatment with anti-TNF alpha monoclonal antibody (2.5-25 mg/kg i.v., n = 5-9) dose-dependently prevented the lipopolysaccharide/platelet activating factor-induced histopathological changes, lung edema (P &lt; .01), lung myeloperoxidase activity (P &lt; .01), elevation of neutrophil count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (P &lt; .01) and increased serum thromboxane B2 (P &lt; .01). Indomethacin (6 mg/kg i.v., n = 5) failed to modify the lung injury despite complete inhibition of thromboxane B2 formation (P &lt; .05). These data suggest that TNF alpha might play a key role in initiation of the early inflammatory changes which lead to adult respiratory distress syndrome.
Degenerative joint disease in a Jamaican rural population.
Authors: J M Bremner, J S Lawrence, W E Miall
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1968)

Although degenerative joint disease is known to be very frequent in temperate climates and is responsible for a large proportion of the rheumatic complaints in old people, little information is available on its frequency in tropical and sub-tropical populations.Geographical studies undertaken in Northern Europe and America have indicated regional difference, the radiological changes of osteo-arthrosis being less frequent further north.For example, Blumberg, Bloch, Black, and Dotter (1961) noted a lower frequency in Esquimos in Alaska than in populations in Washington D.C.In Europe less osteo-arthrosis was found in Finland than in the Netherlands (Lawrence, de Graaff, and Laine, 1963).Occupational studies suggest that a warm climate may reduce the complaint rate in persons with degenerative joint disease (Lawrence, 1955, 1961).This paper reports the results of a survey in a rural area of Jamaica, a West Indian island in the sub-tropics.Population Studied A survey of heart disease being carried out by the Medical Research Council's Epidemiological Research Unit in Jamaica provided an opportunity to investigate the prevalence of rheumatic diseases.The area selected for the study was that surrounding the village of Lawrence Tavern, a hilly agricultural district 16 miles inland from Kingston, the capital.The main occupation for the men is the cultivation of mixed crops in small, fertile, but steep plots.Women help with the crops at planting and harvesting seasons, but are otherwise busy with domestic duties at home.The population is mainly of African descent, but many show signs of European, Indian, or Chinese ancestry in their features; poverty is widespread but few people are destitute and the adult population is, in general, well nourished.Details of the population sampling, and of the tech- niques used, have been described elsewhere (Fodor, TAaL' OSTEO-ARTHROSIS ID No. of Joints with
Traitement endoscopique des longs segments circulaires d'endobrachyoesophage (EBO) avec dysplasie de haut grade (DHG) et/ou cancer superficiel; intérèt de la bithérapie ou trithérapie séquentielle; à propos d'une série de 15 patients
Authors: J Boyer, P Burtin, D Luet, A Croué
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Introduction: l'alternative à l'oesophagectomie pour le traitement de l'EBO avec DHG et/ou cancer superficiel est le traitement endoscopique à condition de pouvoir obtenir l'éradication complète de l'EBO; en cas d'EBO long et circulaire, le protocole thérapeutique idéal reste à préciser. Le but de cette étude est de présenter notre expérience d'une bi et trithérapie séquentielle.
Perioperative endoscopy of the whole small bowel in Crohn's disease.
Authors: D Lescut, D Vanco, P Bonniere, M Lecomte-Houcke, P Quandalle, A Wurtz, J F Colombel, J S Delmotte, J C Paris, A Cortot
Journal: Gut (1993)

The aim of this study was to search for small bowel lesions by means of a perioperative endoscopy in 20 patients operated on for Crohn's disease. Seven women and 13 men (mean age 29 years) had a total retrograde exploration to the angle of Treitz during an ileocolectomy (16 of 20 patients) or a colonic or ileal resection (four of 20 patients). Endoscopic exploration was completed, through an enterotomy, from the surgical area to the angle of Treitz. Periendoscopic biopsy samples were taken on macroscopic lesions and every 20 cm systematically. In 13 of 20 cases, various lesions scattered over the whole small intestine were found. These were aphthoid ulcerations (10 patients), superficial ulcerations (seven patients), mucosal oedema (three patients), non-ulcerative stenosis (three patients), erythema (two patients), pseudopolyps (two patients), deep ulcerations (two patients), and ulcerative stenosis (one patient). In seven patients none of the lesions detected at perioperative endoscopy had been recognised by preoperative evaluation or surgical inspection of the serosal surface. A typical granuloma was found at biopsy of lesions identified by endoscopy in three cases and at biopsy of an apparently healthy area in one case. Thus 65% of patients operated on for Crohn's disease had lesions of the small intestine detected by endoscopy, which were unrecognised before surgery in more than half of the cases.