tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Separate R&amp;D budget is needed for monitoring effects of new drugs
Authors: P. Vallance
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—The pharmaceutical industry exists to make medicines and to make money from these medicines. Specialists like to use promising medicines as soon as possible, and patients and pressure groups have agitated for easier access to new medicines. These lobbies form a powerful force. With existing checks and safeguards—licensing authorities, formulary committees—many drugs are introduced, some of which are no more effective than older ones or turn out to be harmful. Even if the systems are improved and extended it is …
American College of Surgeons Care of the Surgical Patient
Authors: Peter M. Taft
Journal: JAMA (1991)

When asked to describe a typical American medical textbook, most of us have the identical image in mind, for such books have a certain predictable sameness these days. They are large, bulky, hardbound, contain a great deal of information usually packed into small type, and are filled with black-and-white line drawings or gray reproductions of x-ray films. It is against this background that these new loose-leaf bound volumes from Scientific American have appeared, and they are a delight indeed. They show their lineage from the best of the pages of the monthly<i>Scientific American</i>magazine and the<i>Scientific American Medicine</i>textbook. These two volumes have been published under the auspices of the American College of Surgeons Committee on Pre- and Postoperative Care. The list of contributors is a Who's Who of academic surgery in the United States today. Volume one covers emergency care, with major sections on the intensive care
Validation of a Simplified Definition of Anger Attacks
Authors: Dietmar Winkler, Edda Pjrek, Jochen Kindler, Angela Heiden, Siegfried Kasper
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2006)

Anger attacks, sudden spells of anger with vegetative hyperarousal, are highly prevalent symptoms in depression. Assessment normally requires the use of specific instruments. The aim of this study was the validation of a simplified definition for anger attacks.Anger attacks were assessed in 203 patients suffering from major depression with the Anger Attacks Questionnaire. The first three items of the questionnaire (irritability, overreaction to minor annoyances, episodes with inappropriate anger or rage) were compared separately with the diagnosis, and their value as single screening questions to establish the diagnosis was assessed.Irritability was only weakly associated with the diagnosis of anger attacks (Cohen's kappa kappa = 0.214 +/- 0.058) and yielded a rather low specificity (0.302), while overreaction to minor annoyances (kappa = 0.869 +/- 0.037) and the question about episodes with inappropriate anger or rage (kappa = 0.901 +/- 0.032) had a high degree of agreement with the diagnosis of the questionnaire (specificity 0.918 and 0.935, respectively). The combination of the two later items resulted in an almost perfect reclassification of cases (kappa = 0.955 +/- 0.022; specificity = 0.971).As anger attacks are probably underdiagnosed in clinical practice, simplification of the diagnostic process is imperative. Our results demonstrate that asking one or two simple screening questions suffices to recognize the majority of patients with anger attacks.
Endothelin (ET)-3 stimulates cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate production via ETB receptor by producing nitric oxide in isolated rat glomerulus, and in cultured rat mesangial cells.
Authors: A Owada, K Tomita, Y Terada, H Sakamoto, H Nonoguchi, F Marumo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

We investigated the effects of endothelins on receptor-mediated cyclic nucleotide metabolism in rat glomerulus, inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD), and also in cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells. Endothelin (ET)-3 dose-dependently stimulated cGMP accumulation in glomerulus, which was higher than that of ET-1 or ET-2. ETB receptor agonist IRL 1620 produced cGMP in a dose-dependent manner, mimicking the effect of ET-3. ETA receptor antagonist BQ123-Na did not inhibit ET-3- or IRL 1620-stimulated cGMP generation. NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) significantly inhibited ET-3- or IRL 1620-induced cGMP production, suggesting that ET-3- or IRL 1620-stimulated cGMP generation was mediated through nitric oxide (NO). Intracellular Ca chelator BAPTA/AM and calmodulin antagonist W-7, but not Ca channel blocker nicardipine, significantly inhibited ET-3- or IRL 1620-induced cGMP generation. In cultured rat mesangial cells, ET-3 stimulated cGMP generation through NO in the presence of fetal calf serum, which was not inhibited by addition of BQ123-Na. In IMCD, ET-3 had no stimulative effect on cGMP generation. We conclude that ET-3 stimulates NO-induced cGMP generation through ETB receptor in glomerulus. This effect seems to be mediated through intracellular Ca/calmodulin, but not through Ca influx via L-type Ca channel. Mesangial cells can be a source of NO coupled to ETB receptor activation in glomerulus. From these results, mesangial ETB receptor may work to counteract the vasoconstrictive effect of endothelin caused via ETA receptor in glomerulus.
Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase: a splice site mutation causes the deletion of exon 6 in multiple families with porphyria cutanea tarda.
Authors: J R Garey, L M Harrison, K F Franklin, K M Metcalf, E S Radisky, J P Kushner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (URO-D) is a cytosolic heme-biosynthetic enzyme that converts uroporphyrinogen to coproporphyrinogen. Defects at the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase locus cause the human genetic disease familial porphyria cutanea tarda. A splice site mutation has been found in a pedigree with familial porphyria cutanea tarda that causes exon 6 to be deleted from the mRNA. The intron/exon junctions on either side of exon 6 fall between codons, so the resulting protein is shorter than the normal protein, missing only the amino acids coded by exon 6. The shortened protein lacks catalytic activity, is rapidly degraded when exposed to human lymphocyte lysates, and is not detectable by Western blot analysis in lymphocyte lysates derived from affected individuals. The mutation was detected in five of 22 unrelated familial porphyria cutanea tarda pedigrees tested, so it appears to be common. This is the first splice site mutation to be found at the URO-D locus, and the first mutation that causes familial porphyria cutanea tarda to be found in more than one pedigree.
BCG Vaccine and Its Derivatives
Authors: Evan M. Hersh
Journal: JAMA (1976)

BCG vaccine is undergoing extensive clinical trials for cancer immunotherapy. These studies are based on its immunopotentiating and macrophage-activating properties. Efficacy of BCG vaccine probably depends on strain, proportion of viable organisms, absence of free soluble antigens, dose, route, and schedule of administration. BCG vaccine is most efficacious when administered in conjunction with or following intensive cytoreductive maneuvers such as surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy. BCG vaccine has shown beneficial activity in acute myelogenous leukemia, malignant melanoma, colon cancer, lymphoma, head and neck cancer, and other tumors. Since BCG vaccine has toxic side effects, and since less than optimal preparations can be detrimental in terms of tumor control, progress in the development of BCG vaccine immunotherapy must be based on sound clinical trials, careful clinical and immunological evaluation of treated subjects, and continuing research on basic and applied aspects of its immunological and other biological activities. (<i>JAMA</i>235:646-650, 1976)
New Hampshire Medical Society
Authors: John P. Bowler, C. L. Smart, Arthur W. Burnham, T. F. Rock, W. M. Bronson, Henry H. Amsden, R. W. Tuttle, Bernard J. Manning, Frederick S. Gray, Albert C. Johnston
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

THE House of Delegates convened at the Mount Washington Hotel, Bretton Woods, on September 10, 1950, at 2:00 p.m., with Dr. B. Read Lewin, of Claremont, as speaker.The following delegates answered the roll call:The President, ex-officioThe Vice-President, ex-officioThe Secretary-Treasurer, ex-officioRoger P. Brassard, LaconiaW. J. Paul Dye, WolfeboroRalph W. Tuttle, Wolfeboro (alternate for Francis J. C. Dube)Albert C. Johnston, KeeneLouvane A. Fox, KeeneJulius Israel, BerlinMarjorie Parsons, ColebrookEverett C. Campbell, WoodsvilleReginald K. House, HanoverLeslie K. Sycamore, HanoverLeslie E. McKinlay, North HaverhillHarris E. Powers, ManchesterRichard T. . . .
Papillary Cystadenoma Lymphomatosum
Authors: Lars M. Vistnes
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A 52-year-old Filipino man had painless parotid swelling bilaterally, present for three years. Examination revealed firm masses in the lower parotid area, larger on the left side. These proved to be papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum (Warthin's tumor). Surgical procedure was carried out in two stages; multiple tumors were found on the left side and a single tumor on the right side. Recovery was uneventful, with no recurrence after one year.
Improving cellular therapy for primary immune deficiency diseases: Recognition, diagnosis, and management
Authors: Linda M. Griffith, Morton J. Cowan, Luigi D. Notarangelo, Jennifer M. Puck, Rebecca H. Buckley, Fabio Candotti, Mary Ellen Conley, Thomas A. Fleisher, H. Bobby Gaspar, Donald B. Kohn, Hans D. Ochs, Richard J. O'Reilly, J. Douglas Rizzo, Chaim M. Roifman, Trudy N. Small, William T. Shearer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Recruitment of monocytes/macrophages by tissue factor-mediated coagulation is essential for metastatic cell survival and premetastatic niche establishment in mice
Authors: Ana M. Gil-Bernabé, Špela Ferjančič, Monika Tlalka, Lei Zhao, Philip D. Allen, Jae Hong Im, Karla Watson, Sally A. Hill, Ali Amirkhosravi, John L. Francis, Jeffrey W. Pollard, Wolfram Ruf, Ruth J. Muschel
Journal: Blood (2012)
Individual vs laboratory variation in blood lipid values: updating the literature
Authors: A. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
On Ligature of the Common Femoral Artery, and especially on Ligature by an Antiseptic Material
Authors: O. Pemberton
Journal: BMJ (1875)

THE BRITISH MEDICAL 7OURNAL. 55'should, in the first instance, be confined to ligature of the carotid, ligature of the third part of the subclavian being resorted to if advisable at a future stage in the progress of the case.The case reported further illustrates the value of the antiseptic catgut ligature and other antiseptic precautions, the combined use of which has, in my opinion, removed all the most serious risks in connection with the ligature of arteries.
Structural insights into antigenicity of Ro/La ribonucleoprotein: SLE related epitopes are cryptic, masked by hY1 RNA
Authors: J G Routsias, N C Kyriakidis, S Kotsakis, A G Tzioufas
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Ro/La RNP is an antigenic ribonucleoprotein complex targeted by autoantibodies in patients suffering from rheumatic diseases such as Sjogren's syndrome (SS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Human Ro60 structure has not been solved yet, but the structure of Xenopus laevis Ro60 has been determined. Two parts of the human La structure have been solved, one comprising the conserved La motif and its adjacent RNA recognition motif (RRM1) and another holding the C-terminal RRM2. For hY1 RNA, only its secondary structure has …
Chemotherapy alone versus surgery followed by chemotherapy for stage I/IIE large-cell lymphoma of the stomach
Authors: Han-Ting Liu, Chiun Hsu, Chi-Long Chen, I-Ping Chiang, Li-Tzong Chen, Yao-Chang Chen, Ann-Lii Cheng
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

The optimal treatment of localized large-cell lymphoma of the stomach remains controversial. In particular, the role of surgical resection of the primary tumor needs to be clearly defined. We have reviewed all patients with a diagnosis of gastric lymphoma and treated in our institutions between 1988 and 1998. Patients fulfilling the following criteria were included in this study: (1) histologically proven large-cell lymphoma of the stomach; (2) adequate pathological materials and complete clinical information for analysis; (3) clinical stage I/II disease according to the Musshoff modification of Ann Arbor system; and (4) received primary chemotherapy alone with anthracycline- or anthracenedione-containing regimens (group A) or curative surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (group B). There were 38 and 21 patients in group A and group B, respectively. All pertinent clinicopathologic features were similar between the two groups of patients, except that patients of group A had significantly more stage II-2 disease (P = 0.004). Of group A, among 36 patients who could be evaluated for response to chemotherapy, there were 29 complete and 1 partial responses, with an overall response rate of 83.3% (95% CI, 71.1–95.5%). The projected 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were 86.0% (95% CI, 73.3–98.7%) and 72.6% (95% CI, 57.0–88.2%), respectively. On the other hand, the projected 5-year RFS and OS of group B were 77.9% (95% CI, 58.0–97.8%) and 77.8% (95% CI, 57.9–97.7%), respectively, not significantly different from that of group A. Our data suggest that systemic chemotherapy alone may be a reasonable alternative treatment for stage I/II large-cell lymphoma of the stomach. Resection of the primary tumor before systemic chemotherapy does not appear to improve the cure rate of this group of patients. Am. J. Hematol. 64:175–179, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Mexican Drug Violence Intertwined With US Demand for Illegal Drugs
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2009)

VIRTUALLY EVERY WEEK BRINGS REports of the latest episodes of drug-related violence in Mexico that has claimed the lives of thousands over the past few years. To rein in these violent eruptions, the Mexican government has deployed its military and police to fight the major drug cartels that control the lucrative distribution networks that bring illegal drugs into the United States. But some experts say that the trafficking of illegal drugs, like all businesses, is one of both supply and demand and that the demand side—those who abuse drugs—also should be targeted. These experts propose that a concerted effort to quash demand by making treatment for substance abuse available to those who need it would make the drug trafficking enterprise significantly less profitable.
ALBUMINURIA FROM THE STANDPOINT OF LIFE INSURANCE.
Authors: MARK A. BROWN
Journal: JAMA (1898)

At the present day, in considering the advisability of accepting a certain risk, the presence or absence of albumin in the urine may be readily regarded as the deciding weight, either for rejection if present or acceptance if not. Certain it is that the examination of the urine for this abnormal ingredient is looked upon by the home office as of such importance that except in industrial insurance, no report will be accepted without definite statements. Nor is this a matter of surprise when we remember the large number of fatal diseases accompanied by albuminuria. In many companies the albuminuria alone is sufficient cause for rejection and the underlying disease, if not entirely disregarded, is at least looked upon as a matter of but small moment. In this manner mistakes are made upon both sides. No greater error can be made than to look upon every case of albuminuria as
Abstract 3160: A redox-sensitive PEST sequence regulates Nrf2 degradation through proteasome pathway
Authors: Quan Ma, Rong Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Nrf2 transcription factor plays the pivotal role in protection against oxidative stress and chemical carcinogens by inducing a group of antioxidant/detoxification enzymes. Control of Nrf2 degradation is believed to be one of the major mechanisms in regulation of Nrf2-dependent gene expression. Here we report identification of a redox sensitive PEST sequence that targets Nrf2 protein to degradation through proteasome pathway. The PEST sequence locates between amino acids 332 and 359 in human Nrf2. Deletion of this sequence not only prolonged Nrf2 half-life, but also greatly enhanced Nrf2 transactivation function. Insertion of this sequence to the C-terminus of green fluorescence protein (GFP) caused rapid degradation of the fusion protein. Although deletion or insertion of the PEST sequence did not change the status of protein ubiquitination, its dependent protein degradation was sensitive to proteasome inhibition. Interestingly, PEST-mediated protein degradation was also sensitive to oxidant treatments. More over, delivery of a synthetic peptide that mimics PEST sequence caused accumulation of Nrf2 protein and activated downstream genes. Thus, we conclude that, in addition to a previously identified Keap1 pathway, Nrf2 is also actively degraded through a PEST sequence under homeostatic condition. Targeting this sequence would offer a novel approach for activation of Nrf2-dependent protective mechanisms. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3160.
Continuing Climb in Rates of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: An Update
Authors: William J. Blot
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma in the United States has been rising since the 1970s.<sup>1</sup>While accounting for 16% of all esophageal cancers among white men in the mid 1970s,<sup>2</sup>adenocarcinomas comprised about one third by the mid 1980s.<sup>1</sup>Herein, we report that the percentage approached 50% in 1988 to 1990. The annual age-adjusted esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence rate per 100 000 white men during this period was 2.5, the same as the age-adjusted rate for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. The rate of esophageal adenocarcinoma in 1988 to 1990 was three times that in 1976 to 1978, while the rate of squamous cell carcinoma declined by 23%. The data derive from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program of cancer registries covering approximately 10% of the US population.<sup>1,2</sup> Although the rates of esophageal adenocarcinoma are highest among white men, the rising incidence
Analysis of fibrinogen variants at γ387Ile shows that the side chain of γ387 and the tertiary structure of the γC-terminal tail are important not only for assembly and secretion of fibrinogen but also for lateral aggregation of protofibrils and XIIIa-catalyzed γ-γ dimer formation
Authors: Satomi Kani, Fumiko Terasawa, Kazuyoshi Yamauchi, Minoru Tozuka, Nobuo Okumura
Journal: Blood (2006)
Current diagnosis and treatment.
Authors: Burgess L. Gordon
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The term "current" which appears in the title of the book is intriguing to the reviewer and it should become an increasing challenge to the authors. The offset printing, the acceptance of uneven lines, a paperback cover, and low cost emphasizes the role and meaning of "current." Standards for this procedure are now being set in the development of<i>Current Medical Terminology</i>, published by the American Medical Association. Brainerd and his colleagues indicate thoughtfully and with significance that their book is not intended for use as a textbook of medicine. It contains the essentials for diagnosis and treatment, with limited considerations of physiopathology and the fundamental mechanisms of treatment. It is a valuable tool for quick reference by practitioners, pending opportunities for reading the classical literature and standard textbooks of medicine. The format suggests that an extensive revision will be undertaken each year to reflect the advances of modern medicine.
Diphtheria: "From Miasmas to Molecules" Revisited
Authors: W. EUGENE SANDERS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Editorials1 October 1971Diphtheria: "From Miasmas to Molecules" RevisitedW. EUGENE SANDERS, M.D.W. EUGENE SANDERS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-75-4-639 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn 1819 Brentonneau carefully described diphtheria and concluded that the disease was communicable. In 1884 Loffler confirmed that a bacillus was the long-sought etiologic agent of the disease. In 1889 Roux and Yersin identified a soluble toxin that was responsible for the distinctive clinical features of diphtheria. In 1890 Fraenkel prepared an attenuated vaccine, and Behring characterized the specific antitoxin. At the turn of the century, commercial antitoxin was widely used in therapy. In 1913 Behring reported the successful immunization of children against diphtheria, and the Schick test was proved useful in identifying nonimmune individuals. In 1928 Park demonstrated that...References1. MCCLOSKEY R, ELLER J, and GREEN M: The 1970 epidemic of diphtheria in San Antonio. Ann Intern Med 75:495-503, 1971 LinkGoogle Scholar2. BROOKS G: Recent trends in diphtheria in the United States. J Infect Dis 120:500-502, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. : Diphtheria—Austin, Travis County, Texas. Morbid Mortal Weekly Rep 17:397, 1968 Google Scholar4. : Diphtheria—Phoenix, Maricopa County, Arizona. Morbid Mortal Weekly Rep 18:162, 1969 Google Scholar5. STEWART J: Analysis of the diphtheria outbreak in Austin, Texas, 1967-69. Public Health Rep 85:949-954, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. HEATH C and ZUSMAN J: An outbreak of diphtheria among skid-row men. N Engl J Med 267:809-812, 1962 CrossrefGoogle Scholar7. MCCLOSKEY R: Diphtheria antitoxin titers in hospital workers after a single dose of adult type diphtheria tetanus toxoid. Am J Med Sci 258:209-213, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar8. DOEGE T, LEVY P, and HEATH C: A diphtheria epidemic related to community immunization levels and the health problems of migrant workers. Public Health Rep 78:151-160, 1963 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar9. WOOD W: From Miasmas to Molecules. New York, Columbia University Press, 1961 CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: W. EUGENE SANDERS, M.D.Affiliations: University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville, Fla. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHHaemorrhagic diphtheria 1 October 1971Volume 75, Issue 4 Page: 639-640 Keywords Antitoxins Attenuated vaccines Bacillus Children Diphtheria Toxins ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...