tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The influence of a topical corticosteroid on short-contact high-dose dithranol therapy
Authors: O.Q.J. Swinkels, M. Prins, E.F.A. Tosserams, M.J.P. Gerritsen, P.G.M. Van Der Valk, P.C.M. Van De Kerkhof
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Background Dithranol (anthralin) has been known to be effective in the treatment of psoriasis for more than 80 years. However, perilesional and uninvolved skin often show irritation during dithranol treatment, which limits its use. As the relapse rate of psoriasis is worsened by adding corticosteroids to a dithranol regimen, the use of topical corticosteroids to reduce dithranol irritation is controversial. Objectives The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical and cell biological effect of clobetasol‐17‐propionate 0·05% ointment on dithranol‐treated lesional and perilesional skin. Methods For 17 consecutive days, 2% dithranol cream was applied on two test sites. A third site was left untreated on all participating patients (n = 8). All sites consisted of a psoriasis lesion as well as a 3‐cm zone of perilesional skin localized on the back. After 1 h, the cream was washed off, and subsequently one of the dithranol‐treated sites was treated once a day with clobetasol‐17‐propionate 0·05% ointment. The second site was treated once daily with the vehicle. On day 17, punch biopsies were taken from all three lesions and from the perilesional zone of all test sites in order to perform an immunohistochemical investigation, using markers to assess proliferation, differentiation and inflammation. Results The SUM score (erythema + induration + scaling) of the lesion treated with dithranol/clobetasol showed a pronounced reduction, which was significantly greater than the SUM score of the lesion treated with dithranol/vehicle. However, the scores of both sites were equal by 6 weeks of follow‐up. Comparing the two treated lesions, we observed a lower number of cycling epidermal cells in the dithranol/clobetasol lesion and a significantly lower perivascular dermal score of T lymphocytes. Comparing the perilesional skin of the two treated sites we observed less cycling epidermal cells in the dithranol/clobetasol‐treated site. Regarding perilesional differentiation, the interpapillary involucrin expression was higher in the dithranol/clobetasol‐treated site. With respect to perilesional inflammation the expression of dermal polymorphonuclear leucocytes, monocytes, macrophages and T lymphocytes in the dermal infiltrate were significantly lower in the dithranol/clobetasol‐treated site. Conclusions The addition of clobetasol‐17‐propionate enhanced the antipsoriatic efficacy of dithranol by interfering with T‐cell accumulation and epidermal proliferation. The addition of a corticosteroid reduced perilesional dithranol inflammation at the cellular level, although clinically detectable dithranol erythema was not reduced.
Percutaneous and intraoperative intracardiac echo-cardiography in humans with the use of a small size (6F), low-frequency (12.5 MHz) ultrasound catheter with expanded depth of field
Authors: Steven Schwartz, Andrew Weintraub, Natesa Pandian, Sarah Katz, Tsui-Lieh Hsu, N Mandalakas, P Wang, M Estes, M Konstam, D Salem, R Bojar, H Rastegar
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Regulation of the Market in the National Health Service: Competition and the Common Good
Authors: R M Kammerling
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Ed Anthony Hopkins Royal College of Physicians, pounds sterling13, pp 119 ISBN 1 873240 64 3

It is a sign of how far and how fast the organisational framework of the NHS is changing that this book, based on a conference held in 1993, already seems so out of date. Its concerns relate largely to the relation between health authority purchasers and providers. General practice fundholders are mentioned in passing, almost as if they are not an important part of the equation. Such a view is no longer tenable. The market …
Cigarette smoking and the risk for cartilage loss and knee pain in men with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: S Amin, J Niu, A Guermazi, M Grigoryan, D J Hunter, M Clancy, M P LaValley, H K Genant, D T Felson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

<h3>Background</h3> When implemented at scale, the impact on health and health inequalities of public health interventions depends on who receives them in addition to intervention effectiveness. <h3>Methods</h3> The MEND 7–13 (Mind, Exercise, Nutrition…Do it!) programme is a family-based weight management intervention for childhood overweight and obesity implemented at scale in the community. We compare the characteristics of children referred to the MEND programme (N=18 289 referred to 1940 programmes) with those of the population eligible for the intervention, and assess what predicts completion of the intervention. <h3>Results</h3> Compared to the MEND-eligible population, proportionally more children who started MEND were: obese rather than overweight excluding obese; girls; Asian; from families with a lone parent; living in less favourable socioeconomic circumstances; and living in urban rather than rural or suburban areas. Having started the programme, children were relatively less likely to complete it if they: reported 'abnormal' compared to 'normal' levels of psychological distress; were boys; were from lone parent families; lived in less favourable socioeconomic circumstances; and had participated in a relatively large MEND programme group; or where managers had run more programmes. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The provision and/or uptake of MEND did not appear to compromise and, if anything, promoted participation of those from disadvantaged circumstances and ethnic minority groups. However, this tendency was diminished because programme completion was less likely for those living in less favourable socioeconomic circumstances. Further research should explore how completion rates of this intervention could be improved for particular groups.
Cholera in couplets
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Sanitation and sanitary precautions might not seem a very promising subject for poetry, but in 1871 a sanitary worker called Alfred Power published a small pamphlet of verses called Sanitary Rhymes , containing Personal Precautions against Cholera and All Kinds of Fever . It cost sixpence and was not to be sold in quantities of fewer than five because it was intended for the use of the masses. It was dedicated to Edwin Chadwick, “the founder of sanitary legislation.” 

As perhaps is only to be expected, it is not great poetry—in fact it is doggerel, but it contains lines that are, in their own way, memorable. 

The first verse is devoted to the skin: “The outside …
Abnormal vitamin D3 metabolism in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome.
Authors: K Muller, P Oxholm, O H Sorensen, M Thymann, M Hoier-Madsen, K Bendtzen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

Recent studies have suggested that vitamin D3 may have an immunoregulatory role in vitro. The vitamin D3 metabolism in 35 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome was investigated by measuring blood concentrations of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD3), as well as phenotypes and blood concentrations of Gc globulin, the main vitamin D3 binding protein in the blood. 25-OHD3 concentrations were diminished, but those of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2D3 were normal. There was no significant difference between the distribution of Gc phenotypes in the patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome and normal controls. Likewise, blood concentrations of Gc globulin corresponded to normal values. Among patients with increased concentrations of IgM rheumatoid factor there was a significant negative correlation between the serum titres of IgM rheumatoid factor and 25-OHD3 concentrations.
Perforin-dependent apoptosis functionally compensates Fas deficiency in activation-induced cell death of human T lymphocytes
Authors: Véronique Mateo, Michael Ménager, Geneviève de Saint-Basile, Marie-Claude Stolzenberg, Bertrand Roquelaure, Nicolas André, Benoit Florkin, Françoise le Deist, Capucine Picard, Alain Fischer, Frédéric Rieux-Laucat
Journal: Blood (2007)
Cholesterol synthesis by the gastrointestinal tract: localization and mechanisms of control.
Authors: J M Dietschy, M D Siperstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1965)

The synthesis of cholesterol has been demon- strated in virtually every tissue of the mammalian body with the important exception of the mature nervous system (1).Yet studies in this field have primarily centered about cholesterogenesis in the liver for at least two important reasons: first, early reports suggested that the liver was the sole endogenous source of circulating cholesterol (2), and secondly, the rate of hepatic cholesterol synthesis was shown to be controlled by a sensitive feedback mechanism of considerable practical and theoretical interest (3, 4).By contrast, little information is available concerning either the physiologic im- portance or the means of regulation of cholesterogenesis in the intestine.Yet the recent report of Lindsey and Wilson (5), which unequivocally demonstrates that the intestine contributes to the circulating cholesterol pool, emphasizes the need for a more thorough evaluation of cholesterol synthesis by the gastrointestinal tract.The present studies, therefore, were undertaken to investigate three aspects of intestinal sterol synthesis: 1) char- acterization of synthetic rates along the length of the gastrointestinal tract, 2) localization of the syn- thetic site within the small bowel wall, and 3) eval- uation of mechanisms operative in the control of intestinal cholesterogenesis.
Routine nortriptyline levels in treatment of depression.
Authors: S A Montgomery, R A Braithwaite, J L Crammer
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Serum neutralisation test for this type of virus carried out two months after the patient was first seen was positive in a 1/4 dilution. DiscussionDespite full immunisation, poliomyelitis may still occur, though it is comparatively rare.Margoffin et al' found, however, that 25 of the 497 patients clinically classified as suffering from paralytic poliomyelitis excreted various types of Coxsackie viruses.(A9 in three, B2 in six, Bl in one, B4 in eight, B5 in six, and B4 combined with B5 in one case) and that, with exception of two patients in this subgroup -in whom the evidence was equivocal-serological and other inquiries were against a polio infection.The findings in this early survey were extended shortly afterwards by Lenette et al,2 who added Echo type 9 and mumps viruses as potential causes of paralytic manifestations.More recently Sells et alP have stated that "with the virtual elimination of poliomyelitis, the central nervous syndromes associated with Coxsackie and Echo viruses have attracted increasing attention."They listed Coxsackie A 1-11, 14, 16-18, B types 1-6, and at least 24 of the recognised Echo viruses as having been implicated.Their review supported the conclusion of previous investigations that neurological sequelae of these non-polio enteroviral infections become less damaging with increasing age, the immature brain being principally vulnerable.Paralysis of the palate in the patient described is likely to have been caused by a Coxsackie A9 infection, the source of which may have been river water, which was much depleted by a severe drought.The excellent spontaneous recovery which took place in this boy is in keeping with the good prognosis expected at his age.
Incidence and Prognostic Implications of Stable Angina Pectoris Among Women and Men
Authors: Harry Hemingway, Alison McCallum, Martin Shipley, Kristiina Manderbacka, Pekka Martikainen, Ilmo Keskimäki
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Stable angina pectoris in women has often been considered a "soft" diagnosis, with less-severe prognostic implications than in men, but large-scale population studies are lacking.To determine sex differences in the incidence and prognosis of stable angina in a large ambulatory population.Prospective cohort study using linked national registers.All municipal primary health care centers, hospital outpatient clinics, occupational health care services, and the private sector in Finland.Among ambulatory patients aged 45 to 89 years who had no history of coronary disease, we defined new cases of "nitrate angina" based on nitrate prescription (56,441 women and 34,885 men) or "test-positive angina" based on abnormal invasive or noninvasive test results (11,391 women and 15,806 men). Potentially eligible patients were evaluated between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 1998. Follow-up ended in December 2001.Coronary mortality at 4 years (n = 7906 deaths) and fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction at 1 year (n = 3129 events).The age-standardized annual incidence per 100 population of all cases of angina was 2.03 in men and 1.89 in women, with a sex ratio of 1.07 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.09). At every age, nitrate angina in women and men was associated with a similar increase in risk of coronary mortality relative to the general population. Women with test-positive angina who were younger than 75 years had higher coronary-standardized mortality ratios than men; for example, among those aged 55 to 64 years, it was 4.69 (95% CI, 3.60-6.11) in women compared with 2.40 (95% CI, 2.11-2.73) in men (P<.001 for interaction). There was a strong, graded relationship between amount of nitrates used and event rates; women using higher doses of nitrates had prognoses comparable with those of men. Among patients with diabetes and test-positive angina, age-standardized coronary event rates were 9.9 per 100 person-years in women vs 9.3 in men (P = .69), and the fully adjusted male-female sex ratio was 1.07 (95% CI, 0.81-1.41).Women have a similarly high incidence of stable angina compared with men. Furthermore, stable angina in women is associated with increased coronary mortality relative to women in the general population and, among easily identifiable clinical subgroups, has similarly high absolute rates of prognostic outcomes compared with men.
Anti-angiogenic effects of tamoxifen in breast cancer by decreased secretion and reduced nuclear accumulation of angiogenin.
Authors: UW Nilsson, C Dabrosin
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #1033 Angiogenin, is a 14.2 kD polypeptide member of the RNase A superfamily of enzymes with potent angiogenic activity. Angiogenin binds to endothelial cells and induces proliferation, cell migration, and invasion. Nuclear accumulation of angiogenin is essential for its angiogenic activity. In breast cancer, increased angiogenin expression has been associated with the transition from normal to invasive breast carcinoma and to ER expression. We have previously reported a pro-angiogenic action of estradiol and anti-angiogenic activity of tamoxifen in breast cancer by regulation of VEGF secretion and generation of endostatin. In this paper we investigated if estradiol and/or tamoxifen affected angiogenin. We show that estradiol increased and tamoxifen decreased angiogenin secretion of human breast cancer cells in culture. In vivo, in solid human breast cancers in nude mice, tamoxifen therapy decreased angiogenin extracellularly, sampled using microdialysis. Moreover, estradiol-induced angiogenin derived from cancer cells significantly increased human endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation. Adding tamoxifen to the estradiol treatment as well as an antibody against angiogenin, reversed this increase. Additionally, exposure of tamoxifen to HUVEC in culture significantly decreased the endogenous secretion of angiogenin as well as the translocation of angiogenin to the nucleus. We conclude that angiogenin expression is estrogen-regulated in human breast cancer cells. In addition, decreased secretion of angiogenin by cancer and endothelial cells, and a restrained nuclear accumulation of angiogenin, may suggest novel anti-angiogenic mechanisms of tamoxifen. This may be a target for anti-estrogen therapeutic options in the future. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 1033.
Graft-versus-leukemia effects associated with detectable Wilms tumor-1–specific T lymphocytes after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Katayoun Rezvani, Agnes S. M. Yong, Bipin N. Savani, Stephan Mielke, Keyvan Keyvanfar, Emma Gostick, David A. Price, Daniel C. Douek, A. John Barrett
Journal: Blood (2007)
A novel cytochrome P450 gene from Catharanthus roseus cell line C20hi: cloning and characterization of expression
Authors: Lihong He, Shujuan Zhao, Zhibi Hu
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2012)

An expressed sequence tag (EST) obtained from a subtractive-suppression hybridization cDNA library constructed using Catharanthus roseus cell line C20hi and its parental cell line C20D was used to clone a full-length cytochrome P450 cDNA of cyp71d1. The encoded polypeptide contained 507 amino acids with 39–56% identity to other CYP71D subfamily members at the amino acid level. Expression characteristics of cyp71d1 were determined using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The cyp71d1 transcript was expressed in all three cell lines with the highest level in the cell line C20hi. In the mature C. roseus plant, the cyp71d1 cDNA was highly expressed in petals, roots and stems, but very weakly expressed in young leaves. Its transcription level increased with the development of flowers. 2,4-D could down-regulate the transcription of cyp71d1, as did KT, but only to a minor degree. Neither light nor yeast elicitor could induce the transcription of cyp71d1.
Effects of antifungals on the viability of heart valve cusp derived fibroblasts
Authors: V AGUIRREGOICOA, J N KEARNEY, G A DAVIES, G GOWLAND
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

Fibroblasts were isolated from fresh porcine aortic cusps and their identity confirmed morphologically and biochemically. The fibroblasts were used to assess the cytotoxicity of nystatin and amphotericin B at room temperature and 4 degrees C, following exposure periods of 4, 24, and 48 h. Except at the highest concentration and the longest exposure period at room temperature, nystatin had little detrimental effect compared with the nystatin free control. In contrast, amphotericin B proved highly cytotoxic. Published protocols for the use of amphotericin B in the disinfection of viable heart valve allografts would result in little residual fibroblast viability. We recommend that amphotericin B is no longer used in this situation.
The Doctor and His Patient: A Sociological Interpretation.
Authors: W. F. Norwood
Journal: JAMA (1963)

For several decades physicians and medical educators have been increasingly aware of a legitimate and growing kinship between medicine and the behavioral sciences such as psychology, anthropology, and sociology. The thought has been disconcerting to some; others have just awaited developments; a few have accepted the challenge to explore the relationship. Dr. Bloom's study is a genuine effort to clarify a sociological interpretation of the relationship between doctor and patient, including the sociological role of hospitals, both general and mental. Case studies and other illustrative information enrich the author's presentation. Bloom's historical view of the changing status of medical men in organized society from ancient times to the present concludes with the assumption that two underlying factors are vital to the stability of medicine today. First is the ideology that is basic to rational empirical science. Second is a social organization so constituted that it provides the profession with a
Synergistic inhibition of hepadnaviral replication by lamivudine in combination with penciclovir in vitro
Authors: D Colledge
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Lamivudine ([-]-β-l-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine [3TC]) and penciclovir (9-[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxymethyl]guanine [PCV]) are potent inhibitors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. Both drugs have entered phase III clinical trials for treatment of chronic HBV infection. 3TC and PCV are deoxycytidine and deoxyguanosine analogs, respectively, and their modes of action and how they interact are matters of both theoretical and practical interest. We compared the antiviral activities of 3TC and PCV alone and in combination in primary duck hepatocyte (PDH) cultures derived from ducklings congenitally infected with the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV). 3TC and PCV inhibited DHBV replication to a comparable extent when used alone (50% inhibitory concentrations with 95% confidence intervals were 0.55 [0.50-0.59] micromol/L for 3TC and 0.35 [0.27-0.43] micromol/L for PCV), and in combination, the two nucleoside analogs acted synergistically over a wide range of clinically relevant concentrations. Synergy between PCV and 3TC was also observed in acutely infected cells and in "washout" experiments designed to assess the persistence of antiviral activity after drug removal. Furthermore, the combination was more effective in reducing the normally recalcitrant viral covalently closed circular (CCC) DNA form of DHBV than either drug alone. These results suggest that combinations of 3TC and PCV may act synergistically against HBV in vivo. (Hepatology 1997 Jul;26(1):216-25)
A Handbook for Change: Recommendations of the Joint Commission on Medical Education, Student American Medical Association
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The Future of Medical Education , by William G. Anlyan et al (Judy Graves, ed.), 192 pp, $8.50, Duke University Press, 1973.  By coincidence two studies on medical education arrived in this editorial office almost simultaneously. One came from the Student American Medical Association which had set up a commission to consider problems in medical education, the other from a group of nationally prominent educators and administrators who addressed themselves to the same topic. This latter group had a rather confused provenance, but their level of officialdom is quite irrelevant. The report stands on its own merits as a collection of thoughtful opinions.  The two books will certainly be significant in the history of ideas, for they indicate certain articulate viewpoints, vintage 1973. Whether these views have practical significance in changing the status quo is a totally different matter.  The students' recommendations have two special merits. They provide an evaluation, a
TWINS WITH PEPTIC ULCERS
Authors: A. C. Ivy
Journal: JAMA (1949)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The study of twins is of great value in providing information concerning the respective importance of hereditary predisposition and environmental influences in disease in man. The results of the use of this method have shown a hereditary predisposition to tuberculosis, diabetes and tumor formation and a high, medium or low intelligence quotient. There is some a priori evidence showing a hereditary predisposition for peptic ulcer. Only 6 cases of the occurrence of peptic ulcer in the one or both of monozygous or dizygous twins have been reported in the readily accessible literature. Since twins are born in 1 of 86 births and identical twins in 1 of 344 births and the general incidence of ulcer is 5 to 10 per cent, there should be plenty of material available. I should like to ask physicians to cooperate in assembling such material by sending me reports of cases in
Recovery of renal function after prolonged dialysis and transplantation.
Authors: T O Nunan, E A Stevens, D N Croft, P J Hilton, N F Jones, A J Wing
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Out of 250 patients with renal failure, seven (2.8%) treated by regular haemodialysis alone (four) or given cadaveric allografts (three) later showed recovery of function of their own kidneys lasting from one to four years. In the patients receiving haemodialysis alone recovery was easily recognised from their serum creatinine concentrations, but in those with transplants recovery was discovered unexpectedly during radionuclide scanning. These findings suggest that recovery of renal function may be more common than generally recognised, which should be borne in mind when beginning renal replacement treatment and particularly when contemplating bilateral nephrectomy.