tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Orthosis, Orthetics, Orthesis, Orthotics
Authors: C. Balcom Moore
Journal: JAMA (1963)

To the Editor:—  In the March 16 issue ofThe Journal( 183 -938) there is the statement, A standard nomenclature for the country would be beneficial, in reference to the 13-page Symposium on Orthetics. I think this statement should apply very well to the entire section, which includes a bunch of words, which I, as a urologist, have never run across before. I am sure that there are a number of doctors who are in the same boat as I and have difficulty understanding what orthetics, orthosis, and orthotist are. It would, therefore, have been very helpful if Dr. Bennett had included a paragraph of definitions. Certainly, my issue of Stedman's Medical Dictionary does not include any definitions which would help in this field, and most of the words are not listed. When this is the case, how can Dr. Bennett and his colleagues expect the rest of us to
The selective binding and transmigration of monocytes through the junctional complexes of human endothelium.
Authors: N A Pawlowski, G Kaplan, E Abraham, Z A Cohn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Human monocytes show a high affinity for vascular endothelium both in vitro and in vivo. To explore monocyte-endothelial interaction in greater detail, we have developed a new in vitro model for growth of human endothelial cells (EC). Human umbilical vein EC (HUVEC) cultured upon collagen gels form confluent monolayers of EC that bind silver at their intercellular border similar to cells in situ. Intercellular junctional structures, both adherens and tight junctions, were identified. In contrast, HUVEC grown on plastic surfaces did not stain with silver. The silver-staining characteristic of EC-collagen monolayers was reversible and related to their in vitro maturation and senescence. Silver staining of EC borders provided a grid by which the location of monocyte binding to the luminal surface of individual EC could be assessed. Using this technique, we found that monocytes preferentially bound to the margins of EC, in approximation to the silver-staining junctions. These results suggest that EC determinants recognized by monocytes occur in a unique topographical distribution on the apical face of EC. After binding, monocytes migrated through the EC monolayers at high basal rates. The lack of penetration of collagen gels in the absence of an EC monolayer suggested the generation of EC-specific chemotactic signal(s). Monocytes were observed to pass between EC without evidence of disruption of the monolayer. Silver stain remained present during all phases of migration, and under transmission electron microscopy, junctional complexes were found proximal to monocytes that had just completed their passage through the monolayer. After orientation to the basal surface of the EC monolayer, monocytes migrated randomly into the underlying collagen gel. Monocyte adherence, penetration, migration, and long term survival can be studied under these conditions.
Eric Reeves Carter
Authors: D. Colin-Thome
Journal: BMJ (2008)

It is an honour to write this for a dear friend and colleague. Eric was my senior medical partner from 1971 to 1984 in the Castlefields practice in Runcorn, Cheshire, and my personal general practitioner, and on his retirement I had the pleasure and privilege to be his general practitioner until my retirement last year.

Eric was born and educated in Liverpool both as schoolboy and medical student and served as a captain in the Royal Army Medical Corps during the second world war. He married Margaret and moved to Runcorn just before the …
The effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on the florid duct lesion of primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Burton Combes, Rodney S. Markin, Donald E. Wheeler, Raphael Rubin, Brian A. West, Scott A. Mills, Edwin H. Eigenbrodt, Willis C. Maddrey, Santiago J. Munoz, Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao, Gregory F. Bonner, James L. Boyer, Velimir A. Luketic, Mitchell L. Shiffman, Marion G. Peters, Heather M. White, Rowen K. Zetterman, Robert L Carithers
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

The frequency with which florid duct lesions are seen in needle-biopsy specimens of the liver was assessed in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) enrolled in a 2-year randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) versus placebo. Paired biopsy specimens obtained at entry and after 2 years on medication were reviewed blindly and mostly simultaneously by a panel of 5 hepatopathologists who, earlier, had characterized the florid duct lesion, which has been well described in the pathology literature. Florid duct lesions at entry were identified in approximately 36%. Patients with earlier disease showed florid duct lesions much more frequently than those with more advanced disease. The prevalence of florid duct lesions in 60 patients receiving placebo medication fell from 38.3% to 21.7%, P = .025, over the period of 2 years. The prevalence of florid duct lesions also decreased in the 55 patients receiving UDCA, from 32.7% to 18.2%, P = .046. The prevalences of these lesions in the placebo and UDCA patients at entry and at 2 years were not significantly different from each other. The findings suggest that UDCA does not prevent ongoing bile duct destruction in patients with PBC. Instead, they support the impression that UDCA exerts its beneficial effects by protecting against the consequences of bile duct destruction.
Impact of Concomitant Tricuspid Annuloplasty on Tricuspid Regurgitation, Right Ventricular Function, and Pulmonary Artery Hypertension After Repair of Mitral Valve Prolapse
Authors: Joanna Chikwe, Shinobu Itagaki, Anelechi Anyanwu, David H. Adams
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Differentiation-Related Gene-1 Decreases Bim Stability by Proteasome-Mediated Degradation
Authors: Grazia Ambrosini, Sharon L. Seelman, Gary K. Schwartz
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Drg1 was identified as a differentiation-related, putative metastatic suppressor gene in human colon and prostate cancer. Its expression is associated with resistance to irinotecan (CPT-11) therapy in preclinical colorectal cancer models both in vitro and in vivo. However, the functional significance of Drg1 in these processes is unknown. We have shown for the first time that Drg1 directly binds to the BH3-only proapoptotic protein Bim. Depletion of Drg1 by small interfering RNA induced up-regulation of Bim and its accumulation in the mitochondria, which correlated with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and induction of apoptosis in cells exposed to SN-38. Further analyses revealed that Drg1 promotes degradation of Bim through the Cullin2/ElonginB-CIS ubiquitin-protein ligase complex. Conversely, in the absence of Drg1, Bim was stabilized and bound more abundantly to Hsp70. These results show that Drg1 renders cancer cells more resistant to chemotherapy through enhanced proteasome-mediated Bim degradation.
Transmission of Methicillin-Resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>to a Microbiologist
Authors: Patrice Nordmann, Thierry Naas
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

To the Editor: Strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus that produce Panton–Valentine leukocidin and that are associated with soft-tissue infections and necrotizing pneumonia are emerging worldwide,1 most often as a source of community-acquired infections but also as a source of nosocomial infections.2–4 We report a case of infection with such a strain that occurred in a laboratory and that affected an experienced microbiologist in the absence of a prior skin lesion. Acute paronychia on the left middle finger developed in a 37-year-old microbiologist seven days after he had worked with a strain of methicillin-resistant S. aureus that produced Panton–Valentine leukocidin. . . .
Importance of hedgehog interacting protein and other lung function genes in asthma
Authors: Xingnan Li, Timothy D. Howard, Wendy C. Moore, Elizabeth J. Ampleford, Huashi Li, William W. Busse, William J. Calhoun, Mario Castro, Kian Fan Chung, Serpil C. Erzurum, Anne M. Fitzpatrick, Benjamin Gaston, Elliot Israel, Nizar N. Jarjour, W. Gerald Teague, Sally E. Wenzel, Stephen P. Peters, Gregory A. Hawkins, Eugene R. Bleecker, Deborah A. Meyers
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Unguided Species Delimitation Using DNA Sequence Data from Multiple Loci
Authors: Z. Yang, B. Rannala
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

A method was developed for simultaneous Bayesian inference of species delimitation and species phylogeny using the multispecies coalescent model. The method eliminates the need for a user-specified guide tree in species delimitation and incorporates phylogenetic uncertainty in a Bayesian framework. The nearest-neighbor interchange algorithm was adapted to propose changes to the species tree, with the gene trees for multiple loci altered in the proposal to avoid conflicts with the newly proposed species tree. We also modify our previous scheme for specifying priors for species delimitation models to construct joint priors for models of species delimitation and species phylogeny. As in our earlier method, the modified algorithm integrates over gene trees, taking account of the uncertainty of gene tree topology and branch lengths given the sequence data. We conducted a simulation study to examine the statistical properties of the method using six populations (two sequences each) and a true number of three species, with values of divergence times and ancestral population sizes that are realistic for recently diverged species. The results suggest that the method tends to be conservative with high posterior probabilities being a confident indicator of species status. Simulation results also indicate that the power of the method to delimit species increases with an increase of the divergence times in the species tree, and with an increased number of gene loci. Reanalyses of two data sets of cavefish and coast horned lizards suggest considerable phylogenetic uncertainty even though the data are informative about species delimitation. We discuss the impact of the prior on models of species delimitation and species phylogeny and of the prior on population size parameters (θ) on Bayesian species delimitation.
Genetic Deletion of <i>mPGES-1</i> Suppresses Intestinal Tumorigenesis
Authors: Masako Nakanishi, David C. Montrose, Patsy Clark, Prashant R. Nambiar, Glenn S. Belinsky, Kevin P. Claffey, Daigen Xu, Daniel W. Rosenberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Elevated levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) are often found in colorectal cancers. Thus, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, are among the most promising chemopreventive agents for colorectal cancer. However, their long-term use is restricted by the occurrence of adverse events believed to be associated with a global reduction in prostaglandin production. In the present study, we evaluated the chemopreventive efficacy of targeting the terminal synthase microsomal PGE2 synthase 1 (mPGES-1), which is responsible for generating PGE2, in two murine models of intestinal cancer. We report for the first time that genetic deletion of mPGES-1 in Apc-mutant mice results in marked and persistent suppression of intestinal cancer growth by 66%, whereas suppression of large adenomas (&amp;gt;3 mm) was almost 95%. This effect occurred despite loss of Apc heterozygosity and β-catenin activation. However, we found that mPGES-1 deficiency was associated with a disorganized vascular pattern within primary adenomas as determined by CD31 immunostaining. We also examined the effect of mPGES-1 deletion on carcinogen-induced colon cancer. The absence of mPGES-1 reduced the size and number of preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF). Importantly, mPGES-1 deletion also blocked the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin in ACF, confirming that β-catenin is a critical target of PGE2 procarcinogenic signaling in the colon. Our data show the feasibility of targeting mPGES-1 for cancer chemoprevention with the potential for improved tolerability over traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and selective COX-2 inhibitors. [Cancer Res 2008;68(9):3251–9]
A reappraisal of 'analgesic hip'.
Authors: M Doherty, M Holt, P MacMillan, I Watt, P Dieppe
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

Nineteen patients with hip radiographs typical of 'analgesic hip' (rapidly destructive, atrophic arthropathy involving both femoral and acetabular components) have been studied. Women predominated (14:5), and all were elderly (mean age 74 years, range 64-83 years). Destructive hip disease was unilateral in all but one case. The mean interval from symptom onset to typical x ray appearance was short (one year, range three to 24 months), and persistent pain unresponsive to drug therapy was characteristic. Screening showed no metabolic or neurological disease. Contrary to previous reports, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs could not be incriminated in development of the disease. Clinical and radiographic similarity to apatite associated destructive arthritis of other large joints was striking, and occurrence of the latter, uncommon condition in five patients (five shoulders, two knees) suggests that both descriptions represent a common articular response at different joint sites.
The effect of tamoxifen and hormone replacement therapy on serum cholesterol, bone mineral density and coagulation factors in healthy postmenopausal women participating in a randomised, controlled tamoxifen prevention study
Authors: J. Chang, T.J. Powles, S.E. Ashley, R.K. Gregory, V.A. Tidy, J.G. Treleaven, R. Singh
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1996)
Diagnosing the patient's preference
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2012)

All doctors fear getting a diagnosis wrong, because patients may suffer avoidable harm as a result. So what do you make of the two hypothetical patients described by Al Mulley and colleagues this week (doi:10.1136/bmj.e6572)? Both are women who have been diagnosed with breast cancer. Both undergo surgery. One is then told that there was no cancer. The other is told that there was cancer but finds out from a friend that, given her age, she could have opted for hormone treatment instead. She is beset by regret. Which of them was misdiagnosed? Mulley et al say both of them were.

The responses, …
“Stable” Ventricular Tachycardia Is Not a Benign Rhythm
Authors: Merritt H. Raitt, Ellen Graham Renfroe, Andrew E. Epstein, John H. McAnulty, Paul Mounsey, Jonathan S. Steinberg, Scott E. Lancaster, Ram L. Jadonath, Alfred P. Hallstrom
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) can be unstable, can be associated with serious symptoms, or can be stable and relatively free of symptoms. Patients with unstable VT are at high risk for sudden death and are best treated with an implantable defibrillator. The prognosis of patients with stable VT is controversial, and it is unknown whether implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy is beneficial. Methods and Results —Screening for the Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) trial identified patients with both stable and unstable VT. Both groups were included in a registry, and their clinical characteristics and discharge treatments were recorded. Mortality data were obtained through the National Death Index. The mortality in 440 patients with stable VT tended to be greater than that observed in 1029 patients presenting with unstable VT (33.6% versus 27.6% at 3 years; relative risk [RR]=1.22; P =0.07). After adjustment for baseline and treatment differences, the RR was little changed (RR=1.25, P =0.06). Conclusions —Sustained VT without serious symptoms or hemodynamic compromise is associated with a high mortality rate and may be a marker for a substrate capable of producing a more malignant arrhythmia. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy may be indicated in patients presenting with stable VT.
The autoantigen-binding B cell repertoires of normal and of chronically graft-versus-host-diseased mice.
Authors: A G Rolink, T Radaszkiewicz, F Melchers
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

A quantitative analysis of the frequencies of autoantibody-producing B cells in GVHD and in normal mice has been undertaken by generating collections of hybridomas of activated B cells. These hybridomas secreted sufficient quantities of Ig to allow binding analyses on a panel of autoantigens. B cells have been activated in a variety of ways. In vivo they were activated by injection of alloreactive T cells of one parent, leading to GVHD by a foreign antigen, sheep erythrocytes, in a secondary response, or by the polyclonal activator LPS. B cells from an experimentally unstimulated animal were used for an analysis of the normal background. In vitro B cells were activated by alloreactive T cells or by LPS. The frequencies of hybridomas and, therefore, of activated B cells producing autoantibodies to DNA or to kidney were not significantly different in mice activated by a graft-vs.-host T cell response as compared with B cell populations activated by any of the other procedures. They were found to compose 7.1-17.1% of the total repertoire of activated B cells. Moreover, the frequencies of autoantibody-producing activated B cells does not change with time after induction of the graft-vs.-host reaction. The pattern and frequencies of autoantigen-binding specificities to cytoskeleton, smooth muscle, nuclei, mitochondria, and DNA were not found to be different in any of the groups of hybridomas. The single notable exception, found in GVHD mice, were hybridomas producing autoantibodies to kidney proximal tubular brush border. These results allow the conclusion that autoantigen-binding B cells exist in an activated state in GVHD mice, as well as in mice activated by a foreign antigen or by a polyclonal activator, in B cell populations activated in vitro either by alloreactive T cells or by a polyclonal activator, and even in the background of experimentally unstimulated animals. T cell-mediated graft-vs.-host activation, in large part, does not lead to a selective expansion of autoantigen-binding B cells. The main difference between the graft-vs.-host-activated B cell repertoire and all others is that approximately 90% of teh autoantibodies were of the IgG class, whereas al autoantibodies found in the other groups were IgM.
Use of genetic toxicology data in U.S. EPA risk assessment: the mercury study report as an example.
Authors: R Schoeny
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Assessment of human health risks of environmental agents has often been limited to consideration of the potential for the agent to cause cancer or general systemic toxicity after long-term exposure. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) is increasingly moving toward the development of integrated assessments, which consider all potential health end points including developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, reproductive effects, and germ cell mutagenicity. The U.S. EPA has a responsibility to assess risks to nonhuman species or ecosystems when appropriate data are available. An example of a recent integrated human health and ecological risk assessment can be found in the U.S. EPA Mercury Study Report to Congress. This report covers the following topics in separate volumes: an inventory of anthropogenic mercury emissions in the United States; an exposure assessment using measured and predicted values and including indirect dietary exposure; an evaluation of human health risks; an assessment of ecologic risk wherein water criteria are presented for several wildlife species; an overall integrated characterization of human and nonhuman risk; and a discussion of risk management considerations. In the evaluation of human health risk, genetic toxicology data were considered for three forms of mercury: elemental, inorganic (divalent), and methylmercury. These data were used in judgments of two types of potential health effects (carcinogenicity and germ cell mutagenicity). In assessment of potential carcinogenicity of inorganic and methylmercury, genetic toxicity data were key. Data for clastogenicity in the absence of mutagenicity supported the characterization of inorganic and methylmercury as materials that produce carcinogenic effects only at high, toxic doses. The evidence for clastogenicity, coupled with information on metabolism and distribution, resulted in a judgment of a moderate degree of concern (or weight of evidence) that inorganic mercury can act as a human germ cell mutagen. For methylmercury, the degree of concern for germ cell mutagenicity is high.
European regulator is ordered not to release clinical study documents
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Europe’s medicines regulator has said that it remains committed to transparency despite an order from a European court telling it not to release documents it holds on the safety and efficacy of drugs made by two pharmaceutical companies.

Campaigners for full transparency of clinical trial data have condemned the ruling, saying that there is no justification for withholding information that would allow patients to make fully informed decisions about the medicines that they take. One called the decision “a disgrace” and “absurd.”

The United States company AbbVie took out an injunction against the European Medicines Agency (EMA) earlier this year to stop it from releasing detailed information it held on its drug Humira (adalimumab) for rheumatoid arthritis.1 …
Giant cell arteritis limited to large elastic pulmonary arteries.
Authors: S S Wagenaar, C J Westermann, B Corrin
Journal: Thorax (1981)

Pulmonary arteritis usually affects medium or small muscular vessels and is a well-recognised feature of dis- eases such as Wegener's granulomatosis, severe pul- monary hypertension, sarcoidosis, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, necrotising sarcoid granulomatosis, and the disseminated form of temporal arteritis.Medium to small sized pulmonary arteries may also be involved in connective tissue disorders such as systemic lupus erythe- matosus and rheumatoid disease.Takayashu's disease may affect the large elastic pulmonary arteries but vasculitis limited to these vessels is exceptionally rare.This paper reports such a case. Case report
New Bioethics Council Offers No Recommendations
Authors: Brian Vastag
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Review: Exercise programs after pulmonary rehabilitation preserve short-term exercise capacity in COPD
Authors: Yves Lacasse
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Source Citation Beauchamp MK, Evans R, Janaudis-Ferreira T, Goldstein RS, Brooks D. Systematic review of supervised exercise programs after pulmonary rehabilitation in individuals with COPD. Chest. 2013;144:1124-33. 23429931