tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Right Ventricular Function during High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation, Use of Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation for Acute Lung Injury, and Dexmedetomidine Use for Sedation during Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Carlos E. Kummerfeldt, Matthew L. DiVietro, Jennings E. Nestor
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) is often used in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), defined as a PaO2/FiO2 ratio of< 100 mmHg. It applies lower tidal volumes with high respiratory frequency and occasionally higher mean airway pressures (mPaw) to achieve oxygenation goals. Although no mortality benefit has been shown, HFOV often results in improved oxygenation (2). The authors hypothesized that higher mPaw during HFOV would negatively affect right ventricular (RV) function in patients with ARDS. Sixteen patients with ARDS with direct lung injury were subjected to a 6-hour period of conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) with low tidal volume and then switched to HFOV. Three 1-hour periods of HFOV using incremental mPaw of 15, 110, and 115 cm H2O added to mPaw recorded during CMV were administered in randomized order. The mPaw was 18 6 3 cm H2O during CMV and increased progressively up to 336 3 cm H2O on HFOV115. The numbers of patients with RV dysfunction, defined as the ratio of RV end-diastolic area (RVEDA) to left ventricular end diastolic area (LVEDA) . 0.6, on CMV, HFOV15, HFOV110, and HFOV115 were 9 (P , 0.05 vs. HFOV110 and 115), 8, 12, and 15 of 16, respectively. Among these patients, the corresponding numbers with RV failure, defined as RVEDA/LVEDA . 0.9, a subset of dysfunction, were 4 (P , 0.05 versus HFOV115), 4, 6, and 9 of 16. The cardiac index decreased significantly at HFOV115. This is the first study to specifically evaluate RV function during HFOV in ARDS.More than half of the subjects had RV dysfunction at baseline, which significantly worsenedwith increasing mPaw during HFOV. A limitation of the study is that high mPaw onHFOV is usually required over long periods. The acute effects of increased mPaw on RV function may differ with time. The study was performed in a population of patients with ARDS that had a higher incidence of RV dysfunction than has been previously described (3). Whether mPaw-induced RV dysfunction affects patient outcomes should be explored in future studies. Clinicians should be aware that high mPaw during HFOV may precipitate RV failure.
Quitting and restarting smoking: cohort study of patients with angina in primary care
Authors: M. Corrigan
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Smoking is the most important modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease and its reduction is a target for primary health care.1 The participants in most studies of the smoking habits of patients with coronary heart disease are enrolled after acute cardiac events.2 There are few documented studies of the changes in the smoking habits of patients with angina. This study examined variations in self reported smoking habits over a five year period in a primary care cohort of patients diagnosed as having angina.

Patients clinically diagnosed as having angina at least six months previously were identified from the disease registers of 18 general practices in the Greater Belfast area. These general practices were chosen to …
Histopathological and immunohistochemical study of amyloidosis cutis nodularis atrophicans—Comparison with systemic amyloidosis
Authors: C. MASUDA, S. MOHRI, H. NAKAJIMA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Three cases of amyloidosis cutis nodularis atrophicans (ACNA) were investigated histologically and immunohistochemically to determine the nature and origin of the deposited amyloid. A pulmonary lesion from a case of nodular pulmonary amyloidosis, and cutaneous lesions from three cases of primary systemic amyloidosis, two cases of secondary systemic amyloidosis and three cases of secondary cutaneous amyloidosis following basal cell epithelioma were also examined for comparison.
Acute-phase response in patients given rhIL-3 after chemotherapy
Authors: JourikA Gietema, PieterE Postmus, Bonne Biesma, PieterC Limburg, Edo Vellenga, ElisabethG.E De Vries, A Khwaja, R Chopra, A.H Goldstone, D.C Linch
Journal: The Lancet (1992)
Cytokine and adhesion molecule expression in the minor salivary glands of patients with Sjogren's syndrome and chronic sialoadenitis.
Authors: A Cauli, G Yanni, C Pitzalis, S Challacombe, G S Panayi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

OBJECTIVE--To investigate the role of cytokines and cell adhesion molecules in the pathogenesis of Sjögren9s syndrome (SS). METHODS--Using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique we assessed the expression of the cytokines interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-8 (IL-8), transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), of the adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), the activated molecular form of LFA-1 (NKI-L16), CD2, and LFA-3, and of a panel of cellular markers in the minor salivary glands. RESULTS--In SS and chronic sialoadenitis (CS), the ductal epithelial cells and acini expressed all the cytokines examined. The percentage of glandular mononuclear cells which stained positive for cytokines did not differ significantly between SS and CS. NKI-L16 was detected on 33.6 (SD 10.1)% and 15.3 (4.3)% of LFA-1 cells in SS and CS, respectively (p &lt; 0.002). CONCLUSION--SS and CS did not differ in the pattern of cytokines examined. The characteristic cell clustering seen in the salivary glands in SS may be caused by the upregulation of NKI-L16.
Abstract P253: Impact of Hospital-Acquired Venous Thrombosis on Mortality in Medical Inpatients: The Medical Inpatients and Thrombosis (MITH) Study.
Authors: Catherine R Mygatt, Peter W Callas, Mary Cushman, Allen B Repp, Neil A Zakai
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: The Joint Commission mandates assessing risk and providing venous thrombosis (VT) prophylaxis in hospital inpatients. Pharmacologic VT prophylaxis reduces VT among medical inpatients, but the impact on survival is unknown. We studied the association of hospital acquired VT and VT prophylaxis with risk of inpatient mortality. Methods: We identified all cases of VT complicating medical admissions at a 500 bed teaching hospital in Burlington, Vermont from January 2002 to June 2009. VT cases were identified using ICD-9 codes, confirmed by medical record review, and frequency matched 1:2 to patients without VT by admission year and service (oncology, general medicine or cardiology). Death from VT was determined by medical record review and standardized criteria. We calculated odds ratios (OR) of death for hospital-acquired VT and VT prophylaxis using weighted multivariable logistic regression and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using the Taylor series method. Results: Of 64,334 admissions, 299 patients had hospital-acquired VT. 56 of these died from any cause and 24 died due to their VT. For every 1000 admissions, 87 ended in death and 4.6 had a hospital-acquired VT. Hospital-acquired VT was associated with increased odds of death, but this was attenuated by adjustment for other risk factors for death ( Table ). VT prophylaxis was inversely associated with odds of death when similarly adjusted ( Table ). Conclusions: One in 235 deaths in medical patients was attributable to hospital-acquired VT, a potentially preventable event. Occurrence of VT after admission in medical patients was associated with risk of death, but this was mediated by other patient characteristics. Findings suggest providing VT prophylaxis reduces risk of death in hospital, but this requires confirmation due to the low number of deaths in this study. Table Multivariable Model of Risk Factors for In-Hospital Mortality Risk Factor Unadjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) * VT occurring during admission 2.41 (1.54, 3.77) 1.21 (0.58, 2.53) VT prophylaxis provided throughout admission ** 1.15 (0.51, 2.62) 0.48 (0.16, 1.45) * Model adjusted for the following (measured on admission unless indicated): sex, age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, hypoxic or ventilated, pneumonia, metastatic cancer, history of myocardial infarction, dementia, use of full anticoagulation, VT prophylaxis stopped during admission, admitted or transferred to intensive care. ** Reference group: no prophylaxis or anticoagulation during admission.
Effect of isoprenaline and nitroglycerine on pressure time indices and coronary graft blood flow in man
Authors: R. DONALDSON, A. F. RICKARDS, J. E. C. WRIGHT, B. T. WILLIAMS, D. RUSSELL, R. BALCON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1976)

In five patients studied 1 to 3 d after coronary artery surgery isoprenaline and nitroglycerine have been used to alter the systolic (TTI) and diastolic (DPTI) pressure time indices. A close correlation with the predicted relationship between diastolic coronary graft flow and the DPTI/TTI ratio has been demonstrated during isoprenaline-induced tachycardia. Nitroglycerine reduced diastolic coronary graft resistance and increased the DPTI/TTI ratio, effects which are desirable for the relief of angina.
Application of Serial In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Evaluate the Efficacy of Endothelin Receptor Antagonist SB 217242 in the Rat Carotid Artery Model of Neointima Formation
Authors: Sudeep Chandra, Lynne V. Clark, Robert W. Coatney, Le Phan, Susanta K. Sarkar, Eliot H. Ohlstein
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Alleviating vascular restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty remains a formidable challenge. Although multiple factors have been implicated in the pathophysiology of this vascular remodeling disorder, only limited therapeutic success has been achieved. Endothelin (ET)-1 has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of neointimal growth. We report the in vivo efficacy of SB 217242, a nonpeptide dual ET A /ET B receptor antagonist with high oral bioavailability, in the rat carotid artery balloon angioplasty model. Methods and Results —The lumen volumes of carotid arteries were estimated serially with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline and at day 7 and day 14 after balloon catheter–induced denudation of the carotid arterial wall in the rat. Histomorphometric analysis was performed at day 14 after surgery to quantitate intimal hyperplasia. Statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA followed by post hoc Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test. In comparison to vehicle-treated animals, a 20% protection ( P &lt;0.05) from reduction was shown in the estimated lumen volume with long-term administration of SB 217242 (15 mg/kg BID PO). Histologic analyses indicated a 42% decrease ( P &lt;0.05) in neointimal growth. The MRI lumen volumes had a significant correlation with the corresponding histologic indices. Conclusions —Serial MRI provides the opportunity to assess the progression of vascular lumen volume in vivo after balloon angioplasty. MRI measurements can, in conjunction with in vitro histologic measurements, contribute to the understanding of the actions of pharmacologic agents in experimental models of neointima formation. With the use of serial MRI and histologic measurements, it is demonstrated that protection from both lumen volume reduction and neointima formation is obtained in this model by use of a potent, nonpeptide dual ET A /ET B receptor antagonist, SB 217242. Furthermore, this study provides additional support to the implication of ET-1 in the pathophysiology of neointima formation.
Proarrhythmic effects of flecainide. Experimental evidence for increased susceptibility to reentrant arrhythmias.
Authors: J Brugada, L Boersma, C Kirchhof, M Allessie
Journal: Circulation (1991)

The goal of this study was to investigate the nature and electrophysiological mechanisms of the proarrhythmic effects of flecainide in Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts.A thin layer of epicardium was obtained by an endocardial cryotechnique in 10 Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts. Six other hearts were kept intact. Programmed electrical stimulation using up to three closely coupled premature stimuli and burst pacing was used to test the inducibility of arrhythmias both during control and administration of 1 micrograms/ml flecainide. During control, in the thin layer of epicardium, application of one to three premature stimuli induced nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in out of 10 hearts, and burst pacing induced nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in four hearts and sustained ventricular tachycardia in two hearts. During administration of 1 microgram/ml flecainide, application of one to three premature stimuli induced sustained ventricular tachycardia in five hearts, and burst pacing induced sustained ventricular tachycardia in nine hearts. All tachycardias were based on circus movement of the impulse around arcs of functional block. During administration of flecainide, different locations of the arc of block could be found in the same heart, leading to different reentrant circuits with different cycle lengths. In the control group of six intact hearts, application of up to three closely coupled premature stimuli in all cases induced ventricular fibrillation both during control and administration of flecainide.Flecainide alters propagation of the impulse in thin surviving layers of myocardium in a manner that facilitates the induction of functionally determined reentry.
Metabolic and Hormonal Changes in IDDM During Long-Distance Run
Authors: Arend E Meinders, Frans L A Willekens, Leo P Heere
Journal: Diabetes Care (1988)

Hormonal and metabolic changes were compared in five insulin-dependent diabetic men and five control men during a 3-h marathon-training run. Insulin was withheld 16–26 h before the start of the run, and a normal breakfast was finished 2.5 h before the start of the run. Blood glucose concentrations decreased significantly in the diabetic subjects but remained constant in the control subjects. During the run, plasma free fatty acids, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and alanine concentrations behaved similarly in both groups. Only postexercise ketosis was more pronounced in the diabetic subjects. Peripheral serum free-insulin concentrations were slightly lower in the diabetic subjects at the start of the study, but these insulin concentrations became significantly elevated afterward compared with the control subjects. Plasma glucagon levels increased in the diabetic but not in the control subjects. Growth hormone levels increased sharply and to significantly higher levels in the diabetic than in the control subjects, who presented a slow gradual increase. Plasma cortisol levels were slightly, but at some moments significantly, higher in the diabetic subjects. The plasma catecholamine concentrations increased in both groups but to significantly higher levels in the diabetic subjects. There is no evidence from this study for an insufficient secretion of counterregulatory hormones if a hypoglycemic reaction occurs during a long-distance run in reasonably well controlled, well-trained diabetic subjects without longterm complications.
Effects of hypoxia or low pH on the alternation of canine ventricular action potentials following an abrupt increase in driving rate
Authors: Y. HIRATA, J. TOYAMA, K. YAMADA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1980)

Effects of hypoxia or low extracellular pH on the alternation of ventricular action potentials occurring after an abrupt increase in driving rate (rate change induced alternation — RCI alternation) were studied using standard microelectrode methods in canine papillary muscle preparations. Under the control conditions the alternation always occurred after a rate change from 10 to 100 beats·min−1 or 60 to 200 beats·min−1, but it diminished rapidly during the faster rates. Under the hypoxic condition the degree of the RCI alternation gradually increased to the peak 20 to 60 min after the onset of the hypoxic perfusion and then decreased. The hypoxic perfusion caused an increase in beat-to-beat alternating change of the action potential configuration and a marked persistence of the phenomenon. In the initial stage of reoxygenation after 2 hours of the hypoxic perfusion, the RCI alternation transiently increased again. During hypoxia in six out of 15 preparations an unusual alternation of action potentials with an inverted phase occasionally occurred after the rate change from 60 to 200 beats·min−1. Acidic perfusion (pH = 6.0) had similar effects on the RCI alternation. It also caused an increase in beat-to-beat alternating change in the action potential configuration and a prolongation of the phenomenon. In the period when the RCI alternation was markedly increased, a steady-state alternation of action potentials spontaneously occurred at a constant drive rate under hypoxia or low pH. The mechanisms responsible for the RCI alternation of action potentials and the possible role of the phenomenon in the genesis of cardiac arrhythmias in the ischaemic heart are discussed.
906-61 Acoustic Quantification in the Infarcted Ventricle: Comparison with Electron Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Jean Buithieu, Thomas Behrenbeck, Thomas Allison, Thomas Gerber, Judd E. Reed, David A. Foley, John A. Rumberger, A. Jamil Tajik, James B. Seward
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Molecular Network Analysis of Endometriosis Reveals a Role for c-Jun–Regulated Macrophage Activation
Authors: Michael T. Beste, Nicole Pfäffle-Doyle, Emily A. Prentice, Stephanie N. Morris, Douglas A. Lauffenburger, Keith B. Isaacson, Linda G. Griffith
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

The molecular correlates of heterogeneous endometriosis symptoms support a role for innate inflammatory responses converging upon c-Jun and NFκB signaling cascades.
Coronary Artery and Orifice Development Is Associated With Proper Timing of Epicardial Outgrowth and Correlated Fas Ligand Associated Apoptosis Patterns
Authors: Ismail Eralp, Heleen Lie-Venema, Marco C. DeRuiter, Nynke M.S van den Akker, Ad J.J.C. Bogers, Monica M.T. Mentink, Robert E. Poelmann, Adriana C. Gittenberger-de Groot
Journal: Circulation Research (2005)

The proepicardial organ provides differentiated cell types to the myocardial wall and facilitates coronary development. Ingrowth of the coronary arteries into the aorta has recently been linked to apoptosis. This study was set up to examine the effect of an inhibition of epicardial outgrowth on apoptotic patterning and coronary development. Epicardial outgrowth was blocked at HH15-17 in quail embryos, which survived until HH25-35 (n=33). Embryos with complete inhibition of outgrowth did not survive after HH29. These embryos presented with thin compact myocardium, devoid of vessels. In embryos with delayed epicardial outgrowth the phenotype was less severe, and surviving embryos were studied up to HH35. In these embryos, myocardial vascularization was poor and apoptosis in the peritruncal region at HH30 was diminished. Embryos at HH35 displayed an abnormal coronary network and absent coronary orifices. In a further set of experiments (n=10), outgrowth was inhibited in chicken embryos at HH15, followed by transplantation of a quail proepicardial organ into the pericardial cavity to rescue cardiac phenotype. These chimeras were studied at HH29 and HH35. Myocardial development was restored; however, in 3 of 4 embryos (HH35), the coronary orifices were absent. Examination of double stainings of quail-chicken chimeras revealed that EPDCs produce Fas ligand as an apoptotic inductor at sites of coronary ingrowth. In the absence of proper timing of epicardial outgrowth, myocardial development and vascularization are disturbed. Also apoptosis in the peritruncal region is diminished. During later development, this leads to defective or absent connections of the coronary system to the systemic circulation.
Developing a Quality Screening Colonoscopy Referral System in Primary Care Practice: A Report from the National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable
Authors: R. Sifri, R. Wender, D. Lieberman, M. Potter, K. Peterson, T. K. Weber, R. Smith
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2009)

The use of colonoscopy in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening has increased substantially in recent years. Media messages and changes in insurance reimbursement, as well as new screening guidelines from the American Cancer Society and the US Preventive Services Task Force, have contributed to this increase. Primary care providers (PCPs) are frequently responsible for making the recommendation and referral for screening. The process of successfully referring a patient for screening colonoscopy can be cumbersome and requires a coordinated effort between the PCP and the endoscopist. In recognition of the potential complexity of this process, the National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable has issued a report to describe the components of a quality screening colonoscopy referral system in primary care practice. The elements of a quality program include an optimal scheduling and referral system, the appropriate patient preparation information, consistent reporting and follow-up systems, and a detailed approach to dealing with special situations.
<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>Pneumonia
Authors: Vincent T. DeVita, Michael Emmer, Arthur Levine, Bruce Jacobs, Costan Berard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Two patients with underlying lymphoreticular malignant processes were successfully treated for documented Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with pentamidine isethionate. The diagnosis of pneumocystis infection was confirmed in each case by percutaneous pulmonary needle biopsy. Decreased renal function occurred on therapy in both patients; in one, this seemed to be primarily a tubular disorder that was related to increased dose of pentamidine isethionate and that was reversible. In the proper clinical setting, this infection should be strongly suspected, a pulmonary needle biopsy performed, and adequate therapy given. Further experience with pentamidine isethionate in histologically documented cases will permit a valid assessment of its therapeutic efficacy. Physicians using pentamide isethionate should anticipate its potential renal toxicity.