tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
No impact of statin treatment on integrin expression on leucocytes in patients with stable coronary artery disease
Authors: Joerg Friedrich, Karl M. Siegler, Christoph Anders, Rahime Gök, Bärbel Klein, Ralf Winkler, Stefan Weise, Ariane Kunkler, Gunnar Taubert, Jochen Senges
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
CD80 and PD-L2 define functionally distinct memory B cell subsets that are independent of antibody isotype
Authors: Griselda V Zuccarino-Catania, Saheli Sadanand, Florian J Weisel, Mary M Tomayko, Hailong Meng, Steven H Kleinstein, Kim L Good-Jacobson, Mark J Shlomchik
Journal: Nature Immunology (2014)
Case 29-1969
Authors: Robert W. Colman, Leslie S. Kish
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Presentation of CaseA seventy-four-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of subcutaneous hemorrhages of the scrotum, thighs and flanks.Twenty years previously admission to another hospital was occasioned by an acute episode of orthopnea and dyspnea, without chest pain. An electrocardiogram showed atrial fibrillation and runs of ectopic ventricular beats, and an x-ray film of the chest demonstrated generalized cardiac enlargement and clear lung fields. With quinidine and digitalis therapy the dyspnea subsided, and a normal cardiac rhythm was restored. After discharge he experienced moderate dyspnea on exertion, without orthopnea, nocturnal dyspnea, ankle edema or chest pain. He . . .
Abstract 2163: Height, weight and weight changes during adulthood and thyroid cancer risk
Authors: Yunji Hwang, Kyu-Eun Lee, Young Joo Park, Do Joon Park, Yeo-Kyu Youn, Yohwan Yeo, Seung-Hyun Ma, Daehee Kang, Keun-Young Yoo, Sue K. Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Incidence of thyroid cancer has been rapidly increased, in not only small sizes with improved detection devices but also large size of tumors whose underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Body size and weight change in adulthood were examined as the potential risk factors for thyroid cancer development. METHODS: A large scale case-control study was conducted with constructed questionnaire for their height, weight (current, 2 years ago, at the age of 20 and 35 years old) and confounders. Medical charts were reviewed for cancer histology, tumor aggressiveness and BRAF mutation status. A total of 2,003 cases (1,611 females and 392 males) and individually matched 17,700 controls (13,983 females and 3,717 males) by age, sex, 12-year education and birth year were included. Logistic regression model were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Having a tall height and heavy weight was associated with increased risk in both females [OR and 95%CI for height and weight: 1.46 (1.25-1.71) and 2.66 (2.24-3.15), respectably] and males [OR and 95%CI for height and weight: 1.71 (1.25-2.34) and 2.80 (2.00-3.92), respectably] compared to those in the lowest quartile for the body sizes. This study observed approximated tripled the risk of thyroid cancer [OR and 95%CI: 3.03 (2.10-4.37)] when female subjects gained 10kg or more within recent 2 years. Males who gained 10 kg or more after 35 years old were more likely to have a greater tumor size [&amp;lt;1cm vs. ≥1cm: 3.76 (2.62-5.38) vs. 6.87 (4.38-10.77)]. However, other factors were not significantly related to increased tumor aggressiveness (tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and mutlifocality) and BRAF mutation affected carriers. CONCLUSION: The results support plausible hormonal and metabolic factors related height, weight, and rapid weight gain in adulthood increase thyroid carcinogenesis. Citation Format: Yunji Hwang, Kyu-Eun Lee, Young Joo Park, Do Joon Park, Yeo-Kyu Youn, Yohwan Yeo, Seung-Hyun Ma, Daehee Kang, Keun-Young Yoo, Sue K. Park. Height, weight and weight changes during adulthood and thyroid cancer risk. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2163. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2163
A Double-Blind Crossover Trial Comparing Human Insulin (recombinant DNA) with Animal Insulins in the Treatment of Previously Insulin-treated Diabetic Patients
Authors: Adrian J Clark, Philip G Wiles, James M Leiper, Graham Knight, Rodney O Adeniyi-Jones, Peter J Watkins, John D Ward, Angus C MacCuish, Harry Keen, Richard H Jones
Journal: Diabetes Care (1982)

Ninety-four diabetic patients established on treatment with pork (N = 47) or beef insulin (N = 47) took part in a double-blind crossover trial in which 6-wk treatment periods of their animal insulin were compared with similar periods on human insulin (recombinant DNA). Six patients withdrew during the trial—in three cases for hypoglycemia while taking human insulin. In patients initially treated with beef insulin there was no significant change in the mean blood glucose, the ‘M’ index, the total daily insulin dose, or the frequency of hypoglycemic attacks after the change to human insulin. Home blood glucose sample values were greater before the morning and evening insulin injection on human insulin (morning: 12.8 mmol/L [beef] versus 14.2 mmol/L [human insulin] [P &amp;lt; 0.05]; evening: 10.0 mmol/L versus 11.6 mmoi/L [P = 0.05]). In pork insulin-treated patients greater values while on human insulin were found for mean glucose (9.0 mmol/L [pork] versus 9.7 mmol/L [human insulin], P = 0.05), ‘M’ index (65.0 [pork] versus 79.6 [human insulin], P &amp;lt; 0.025), and total daily insulin dose (50.9 U/day [pork] versus 52.5 U/day [human insulin], P &amp;lt; 0.001). The early morning glucose sample was also greater on human insulin (9.6 mmol/L [pork] versus 12.1 mmol/L [human insulin], P &amp;lt; 0.001). No significant differences in either insulin antibody levels or E. coli protein antibody levels were found between either of the animal-insulin treatment periods and human insulin treatment periods. While human insulin appears to be a safe alternative to beef and pork insulins, it seems likely that pharmacokinetic differences may account for the apparent differences in glycemia and insulin requirement. It may be necessary to adjust the dosage and proportions of short-acting and long-acting insulin formulations in order to obtain maximum benefit from human insulin.
Variable expression of preS1 antigen in serum during chronic hepatitis B virus infection: An accurate marker for the level of hepatitis B virus replication
Authors: Marie-Anne Petit, Fabien Zoulim, Francis Caipel, Sylvie Dubanchet, Charles Dauguet, Christina Trepo
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

The expression of the preSl antigen of hepatitis B virus in sera from chronic HBsAg carriers was studied using a specific monoclonal antibody F35.25 in an original, double–immunoradiometric assay. The antibody F35.25 recognized an epitope located between amino–acid residues 32 and 53 on the preSl sequence of the large HBsAg protein. This domain could be involved in the recognition of hepatitis B virus by hepatocyte receptors. PreS1 antigen detection by monoclonal antibody F36.25 closely correlated with the presence of complete virions in the serum of HBsAg carriers, as demonstrated by ultracentrifugation– gradient experiments and electron–microscopical ex–amination. Of the 19 HBsAg carriers with chronic liver disease, preSl antigen was detected in 17 (90%): all of the 11 HBeAg– and hepatitis B virus–DNA–positive cases (group 1) and six of eight anti–HBe–positive cases with low levels of hepatitis B virus replication (group 2). PreSl antigen/HBsAg ratios parallel to preS1 antigen titers were significantly higher in the HBeAg–positive group (34% and 1:10 6 ) than in the anti–HBe–positive group (18% and l:lO 2 ). In contrast, preSl antigen was not detected in 18 (90%) of the 20 HBsAg healthy carriers positive for anti–HBe and negative for serum hepatitis B virus–DNA (group 3). Our results show that in chronic HBsAg carriers the serum expression of preSl antigen correlates well with the level of hepatitis B virus replication (serum hepa–titis B virus–DNA and/or liver HBcAg) and that it may be useful in assessing the clinical importance of the chronic viral infection.(HEPATOLOGY 1990; 11:809–814.)
Hypomagnesemic Hypocalcemia Secondary to Renal Magnesium Wasting
Authors: ROBERT S. BAR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Two patients developed severe hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, and hypokalemia as a result of renal wasting of magnesium and potassium shortly after being treated with large doses of gentamicin. When therapy with gentamicin was discontinued renal loss of magnesium and potassium ceased, and serum calcium, magnesium, and potassium returned toward normal. Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone levels were inappropriately low during the episodes of hypocalcemia. Both patients represent examples of hypomagnesemic hypocalcemia induced by inappropriate magnesuria, possibly caused by gentamicin. These observations suggest that serum calcium, magnesium, and potassium should be monitored during gentamicin therapy.
Economic gains resulting from the reduction in children's exposure to lead in the United States.
Authors: Scott D Grosse, Thomas D Matte, Joel Schwartz, Richard J Jackson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

In this study we quantify economic benefits from projected improvements in worker productivity resulting from the reduction in children's exposure to lead in the United States since 1976. We calculated the decline in blood lead levels (BLLs) from 1976 to 1999 on the basis of nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data collected during 1976 through 1980, 1991 through 1994, and 1999. The decline in mean BLL in 1- to 5-year-old U.S. children from 1976-1980 to 1991-1994 was 12.3 microg/dL, and the estimated decline from 1976 to 1999 was 15.1 microg/dL. We assumed the change in cognitive ability resulting from declines in BLLs, on the basis of published meta-analyses, to be between 0.185 and 0.323 IQ points for each 1 g/dL blood lead concentration. These calculations imply that, because of falling BLLs, U.S. preschool-aged children in the late 1990s had IQs that were, on average, 2.2-4.7 points higher than they would have been if they had the blood lead distribution observed among U.S. preschool-aged children in the late 1970s. We estimated that each IQ point raises worker productivity 1.76-2.38%. With discounted lifetime earnings of $723,300 for each 2-year-old in 2000 dollars, the estimated economic benefit for each year's cohort of 3.8 million 2-year-old children ranges from $110 billion to $319 billion.
The Deep Reflexes in Old Age
Authors: Max Ellenberg
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Deep reflexes of 200 normal men and women, 20 to 60 years of age, and of 200 over 65 years were tested and the findings compared. With reinforcement all but two patients in each group presented both knee and ankle joint reflexes. The results indicate not only that deep reflexes are present in old age but that even the ease of elicitation is not significantly decreased with age. Absence of deep reflexes after reinforcement must be considered as abnormal regardless of age; most of these cases are associated with diabetic neuropathy. The necessity of utilizing the reinforcement phenomenon for testing reflexes is emphasized.
We need more care, less pathway at the end of life
Authors: O. J. L. Mitchell
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Hawkes’s article on the recent review of the Liverpool care pathway (LCP) did not fairly represent several of the constructive and important changes that were suggested by the review.1

The review has recommended several changes which will apply to the pathway until it is phased out. Whenever possible, patients and families must be consulted before starting a …
Failure of cerebral autoregulation as a cause of brain dysfunction in the elderly.
Authors: L Wollner, S T McCarthy, N D Soper, D J Macy
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Cerebral blood flow in relation to change in arterial pressure was measured in 11 elderly patients with postural hypotension. Seven patients with symptoms showed bilateral or unilateral failure of cerebral autoregulation, while the four asymptomatic patients did not. Variations in cerebral autoregulation would explain why some elderly people with minor falls of systemic arterial pressure develop clinical signs of cerebral ischaemia whereas others with greater falls in blood pressure remain asymptomatic. Elderly patients with impaired autoregulation may be at risk of brain damage from minor falls in blood pressure.
Activation of LXRs prevents bile acid toxicity and cholestasis in female mice
Authors: Hirdesh Uppal, Simrat P.S. Saini, Antonio Moschetta, Ying Mu, Jie Zhou, Haibiao Gong, Yonggong Zhai, Songrong Ren, George K. Michalopoulos, David J. Mangelsdorf, Wen Xie
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Liver X receptors (LXRs) have been identified as sterol sensors that regulate cholesterol and lipid homeostasis and macrophage functions. In this study, we found that LXRs also affect sensitivity to bile acid toxicity and cholestasis. Activation of LXRα in transgenic mice confers a female-specific resistance to lithocholic acid (LCA)–induced hepatotoxicity and bile duct ligation (BDL)–induced cholestasis. This resistance was also seen in wild-type female mice treated with the synthetic LXR ligand TO1317. In contrast, LXR double knockout (DKO) mice deficient in both the α and β isoforms exhibited heightened cholestatic sensitivity. LCA and BDL resistance in transgenic mice was associated with increased expression of bile acid–detoxifying sulfotransferase 2A ( Sult2a ) and selected bile acid transporters, whereas basal expression of these gene products was reduced in the LXR DKO mice. Promoter analysis showed that the mouse Sult2a9 gene is a transcriptional target of LXRs. Activation of LXRs also suppresses expression of oxysterol 7α-hydroxylase ( Cyp7b1 ), which may lead to increased levels of LXR-activating oxysterols. Conclusion : We propose that LXRs have evolved to have the dual functions of maintaining cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis by increasing cholesterol catabolism and, at the same time, preventing toxicity from bile acid accumulation.
A suggested site for the implantation of myocardial pacemakers in infants and young children.
Authors: F D Salama
Journal: Thorax (1976)

A new site for burying an implantable pacemaker in infants and young children is described. The Medtronic sutureless screw electrode is applied to the diaphragmatic surface of the heart through a transxiphoid approach. The unit is inserted in the abdominal wall between the transversalis fascia and the transversus muscle. The method is simple, taking approximately 30 minutes to complete. It avoids thoracotomy. The unit is well concealed and protected. The coils of the lead are relatively free from adhesions and allow for growth in the child.
Deprivation payments to general practitioners
Authors: M. Bajekal, R. Lyons, M. Heaven, S. Monaghan, P. Donnelly, M. Ashworth, J. Shanks, J. Sandhu, B. Jarman, M. Oliver
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Data are not now collected by ethnic group in South AfricaEditor-Claire Hilton notes that since April 1995 British hospitals have had to collect data on each patient's ethnic group. 1 In the United States this is standard practice.In the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report data on numerous variables relating to the health and ill health of black and white people are regularly given 2 -as also, on occasion, are data on Hispanics, American Indians, Inuits, and Pacific Islanders.In South Africa precisely the converse has occurred.Ethnic subdivisions have stopped appearing in reports from the Central Statistics Services, and thus mortalities are no longer given for the constituent populations (black, Asian, coloured (Eur-African-Malay), and white), only for the combined population.Additionally, in our big cities annual reports from public health departments provide only combined data on morbidity and mortality.Disadvantages are many.Recently, colleagues and I reviewed changes in the total death rate and the death rate from coronary heart disease in South African populations. 3 We found that, from 1978 to 1989, mortality from coronary heart disease fell by 56% in the white population and by 36% in each of the Indian and coloured populations.Because changes in mortality from this foremost "killer" are continuing we intended to update our information.But this is now precluded.Currently, desegregation does not apply to our national cancer registry.But if it did how, for example, could benefits from Papanicolaou smear tests be assessed?The incidences of cervical cancer in the black and coloured populations are among the highest in the world.The constituent populations of South Africa have a wider divergence in the occurrence of a variety of diseases than occurs in any other country: coronary heart disease, appendicitis, colon cancer, and hip fractures.Interethnic differences in the occurrence of disease, reactivity, and metabolism are well known elsewhere. 4 In South Africa the change to using combined data will make it harder to identify and quantify the target populations who are in most need of help, as well as severely stultifying research on the occurrence of disease and on combating it.Hilton is right, of course, that the level of treatment is affected by ethnic group.Recently, in the United States the effect of race and income on mortality and the use of services among beneficiaries of Medicare was investigated; both race and income were shown as having substantial prejudicial effects, that of race being much more pronounced than that of income. 5This is a matter of universal shame.
Cytogenetic Evidence of the Intrauterine Origin of Acute Leukemia in Monozygotic Twins
Authors: R. S. K. Chaganti, Denis R. Miller, Paul A. Meyers, James German
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

THE APPEARANCE in childhood of acute leukemia in one member of a monozygotic twin pair is frequently followed within a few months by the appearance of the same disease in the other twin. Concordance of acute leukemia in monozygotic twins can be as high as 20 per cent.1 2 3 Although common postnatal leukemogenic events may explain this concordance, a more attractive hypothesis, proposed by Clarkson and Boyse,4 is based on the fetal circulation of monozygotic twins: a single leukemic transformation occurs in utero and leads to the establishment of the malignant clone in each twin; the common placental blood of monozygous . . .
Ribonucleic acid and protein metabolism in the gut: Part I Observations in gastro-intestinal cells with rapid turnover
Authors: R. G. Shorter, B. Creamer
Journal: Gut (1962)

OBJECTIVE: To examine the epidemiology of the tetM gene in Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains with high level resistance to tetracycline (TRNG) using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. METHODS: A single tube PCR was developed which distinguishes between the American and Dutch variants of the tetM gene. Between 1988 and 1995, 518 strains of TRNG (tetracycline MIC &gt; 8.mg/l) were referred to the Gonococcus Reference Unit by other laboratories or isolated from routine swabs taken at local clinics. The strains were analysed for plasmid content, auxotype, serovar, and the tetM gene type. Travel details of the patients were determined by a questionnaire. RESULTS: A PCR product was obtained from all TRNG examined. 387 TRNG strains produced a 778 bp PCR product (American type tetM) and 131 produced a 443 by PCR product (Dutch type tetM). Infections acquired in the United Kingdom contributed 57% of the TRNG strains included in this study; 82% of these carried the American type of tetM. The number of UK acquired TRNG received by the GRU increased each year except 1993--from four strains received in 1990 to 92 in 1995. After the United Kingdom, Caribbean and African countries contributed most strains, with 56 and 60 TRNG acquired in each area respectively. All strains originating in Africa, except one from South Africa, contained the American type tetM. Infections caught in Nigeria and Kenya contributed most strains (15 and 14 respectively). The TRNG originating from Caribbean countries comprised 36% Dutch tetM type. Infections caught in Jamaica accounted for 82% of the Caribbean strains. All 35 TRNG strains originating in the Far East contained the Dutch type tetM. 25 of the Far East strains were also penicillinase producing (PPNG). Infections originating in Indonesia accounted for 49% of the Far East strains but these belonged to 12 different auxotype/serovar combinations. A geographical variation in the type of penicillinase coding plasmids found in PPNG/TRNG was also detected. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the Dutch type tetM may have originated in the Far East and the American type in the African continent. Subsequent spread has resulted in a heterogeneous distribution of TRNG types in other parts of the world. At completion of the survey the numbers of TRNG imported each year from the major overseas sources had reached a plateau while UK contracted TRNG continued to rise providing evidence for the establishment of endemic TRNG strains in the United Kingdom.
Macroaggregated Albumin (MAA) Injected in Hepatic Artery Visualized in a Recanalized Paraumbilical Vein
Authors: Byeong-Cheol Ahn
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

To the Editor I read the article titled “Macroaggregated albumin (MAA) injected in hepatic artery visualized in a recanalized paraumbilical vein” by Gupta et al1 with great interest. Localization mechanism of 99mTc-MAA is related to the particle size of MAA (usually 30–50 μm), which is larger than the size of the capillary. When the particles infused into the hepatic artery, they distribute according to blood flow and are trapped on first pass in the arteriolar-capillary bed of the liver. Therefore, the 99mTc-MAA hepatic arterial scintigraphy can help to determine the possibility and amount of extrahepatic perfusion by intrahepatic infusion of 90Y microspheres, which gives rise to systemic toxicity. The report by Hsieh et al,2 introduced on the interesting image, had demonstrated visualization of the portosystemic collateral circulation with 99mTc RBC scintigraphy and it is natural because of the localization mechanism of 99mTc RBC in blood vessels. The case report by Chernyak et al3 visualized focal tracer uptake at the abdominal wall with 99mTc-MAA scintigraphy. It might be possible by 99mTc-MAA accumulation in a small area of the abdominal wall by its possible blood supply from the patent hepatic falciform artery. Owing to the localization mechanism of the 99mTc-MAA particle, the particles which arrived at paraumbilical vein should flow away to next arteriolar-capillary beds. Therefore, an uptake mechanism of the 99mTc-MAA at the recanalized large paraumbilical vein on the SPECT imaging of the interesting image is not obvious and hard to be conjectured. Readers of the interesting image might be more curious about the reason of MAA retention in the paraumbilical vein, and hopefully, it will be answered or suggested by the authors. Byeong-Cheol Ahn, MD, PhD Department of Nuclear Medicine Kyungpook National University School of Medicine and Hospital Daegu, South Korea [email protected]