tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TULAREMIA: REPORT OF TWO CASES IN AN UNINFESTED AREA
Authors: C. S. McKee
Journal: JAMA (1928)

During the past three years, a striking, increase has been recorded in tularemia as a disease of man. This increase in reported cases is no doubt due in large part to the more general recognition of the disease by practicing physicians and the realization of its occurrence in parts of the country far removed from the sections where it was first known to occur as an epizootic in ground squirrels and rabbits. It is to emphasize the frequency of the distribution of tularemia in areas not known to be primarily infested, and to call the attention of physicians to cases that may arise in their practice, that this note on two cases, the first known to have been reported from Chicago, is published.  REPORT OF CASES  Case 1.  —M. M., a man, aged 48, married, a truck driver, was admitted to the hospital, Dec. 17, 1926, with
Internal Medicine: Training and Testing
Authors: KARL H. SHIPMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments and Correction1 October 1975Internal Medicine: Training and TestingKARL H. SHIPMAN, M.D., F.A.C.P.KARL H. SHIPMAN, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-4-572_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I commend the efforts of the American Board of Internal Medicine in expanding the medical residency program to include greater out-patient experience and exposure to other areas of medicine such as office gynecology and musculoskeletal medicine. Of concern to me is that this emphasis is being put on a shortened internal medicine residency, that is, three postgraduate years. These experiences were available during the "old" rotating internship, where outpatient gynecology was seen during the "OB-GYN" rotation, musculoskeletal medicine seen on orthopedics, and evaluation of the acute abdomen experienced in the emergency room and general surgery rotations. To... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Medicine Presbyterian Medical Center Denver, Colorado 80218 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1975Volume 83, Issue 4Page: 572-572KeywordsEmergency departmentObstetrics and gynecologyOrthopedic surgeryOrthopedicsOutpatientsResidency Issue Published: 1 October 1975 PDF DownloadLoading ...
A Regulated, NFκB-Assisted Import of Plasmid DNA into Mammalian Cell Nuclei
Authors: Adi Mesika, Irina Grigoreva, Muriel Zohar, Ziv Reich
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

The success of synthetic DNA delivery systems in human gene therapy will be enhanced by increasing transfection efficiencies and by providing tighter control over targeting of the DNA into the nucleus. Here, we used DNA vectors that contain repetitive binding sites for the inducible transcription factor NFκB, which is transported into the nucleus by the nuclear import machinery. Nuclear entry of the modified vectors was augmented 12-fold and was associated with corresponding increase in gene expression. Depending on their position, the binding sites could also function as transcriptional enhancers, increasing gene expression levels up to an additional 19-fold. Notably, nuclear targeting of the DNA and transgene transcription could both be regulated by exogenous stimulators which modulate the intracellular distribution of NFκB. The approach provides a framework for the controlled targeting of constitutive or transcriptionally regulated synthetic vectors into mammalian cell nuclei. The success of synthetic DNA delivery systems in human gene therapy will be enhanced by increasing transfection efficiencies and by providing tighter control over targeting of the DNA into the nucleus. Here, we used DNA vectors that contain repetitive binding sites for the inducible transcription factor NFκB, which is transported into the nucleus by the nuclear import machinery. Nuclear entry of the modified vectors was augmented 12-fold and was associated with corresponding increase in gene expression. Depending on their position, the binding sites could also function as transcriptional enhancers, increasing gene expression levels up to an additional 19-fold. Notably, nuclear targeting of the DNA and transgene transcription could both be regulated by exogenous stimulators which modulate the intracellular distribution of NFκB. The approach provides a framework for the controlled targeting of constitutive or transcriptionally regulated synthetic vectors into mammalian cell nuclei.
New insights into the role of cytochrome P450 reductase (POR) in microsomal redox biology
Authors: Todd D. Porter
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2012)

Cytochrome P450 reductase (POR) is an essential electron transfer protein located on the endoplasmic reticulum of most cell types, and has long been appreciated for its role in cytochrome P450-mediated drug metabolism. Additional roles and electron acceptors for POR have been described, but it is largely with the recent availability of POR-null tissues that these supplemental roles for POR have been able to be explored. These studies have confirmed POR as the principal redox partner for the microsomal P450s responsible for drug and xenobiotic metabolism as well as cholesterol and bile acid synthesis, and for heme oxygenase, which catalyzes the initial step in the breakdown of heme. Surprisingly, these studies have revealed that squalene monooxygenase, an enzyme essential to cholesterol synthesis, has a second unknown redox partner in addition to POR, and that 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase, previously proposed to require POR as an electron donor, functions fully independently of POR. These studies have also helped define the role of cytochrome b5 in P450 catalysis, and raise the question as to the extent to which POR contributes to b5-dependent redox pathways.
Phosphorylcholine on the Lipopolysaccharide of <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> Contributes to Persistence in the Respiratory Tract and Sensitivity to Serum Killing Mediated by C-reactive Protein
Authors: Jeffrey N. Weiser, Nina Pan, Karin L. McGowan, Daniel Musher, Adèle Martin, Jim Richards
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Haemophilus influenzae undergoes phase variation in expression of the phosphorylcholine (ChoP) epitope, a structure present on several invasive pathogens residing in the human respiratory tract. In this study, structural analysis comparing organisms with and without this epitope confirmed that variants differ in the presence of ChoP on the cell surface–exposed outer core of the lipopolysaccharide. During nasopharyngeal carriage in infant rats, there was a gradual selection for H. influenzae variants that express ChoP. In addition, genotypic analysis of the molecular switch that controls phase variation predicted that the ChoP+ phenotype was predominant in H. influenzae in human respiratory tract secretions. However, ChoP+ variants of nontypable H. influenzae were more sensitive to the bactericidal activity of human serum unrelated to the presence of naturally acquired antibody to ChoP. Serum bactericidal activity required the binding of C-reactive protein (CRP) with subsequent activation of complement through the classical pathway. Results of this study suggested that the ability of H. influenzae to vary expression of this unusual bacterial structure may correlate with its ability both to persist on the mucosal surface (ChoP+ phenotype) and to cause invasive infection by evading innate immunity mediated by CRP (ChoP− phenotype).
Multiple hereditary infundibulocystic basal cell carcinomas: a distinctive genodermatosis
Authors: C. Choonhakarn, A. Meesingha
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Journal Article Multiple hereditary infundibulocystic basal cell carcinomas: a distinctive genodermatosis Get access C. Choonhakarn, C. Choonhakarn Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Srinagarind Hospital Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand E‐mail: c_choonhakarn_dermatologist@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Meesingha A. Meesingha Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Srinagarind Hospital Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand E‐mail: c_choonhakarn_dermatologist@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 154, Issue 5, 1 May 2006, Pages 1007–1010, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07203.x Published: 01 May 2006
1191 BASELINE LIVER STIFFNESS MEASURED BY TRANSIENT ELASTOGRAPHY IS INDEPENDENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH RISK OF END-STAGE LIVER DISEASE AND DEATH AMONG HIV/HCV CO-INFECTED ADULTS
Authors: T.M. Vu, C. Sutcliff, S. Mehta, Y. Higgins, R. Moore, D. Thomas, M. Sulkowski
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
THE OCCURRENCE AND VIRULENCE OF PNEUMOCOCCI IN THE CIRCULATING BLOOD DURING LOBAR PNEUMONIA AND THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF PNEUMOCOCCUS STRAINS TO UNIVALENT ANTIPNEUMOCOCCUS SERUM
Authors: A. R. Dochez
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1912)

Studies of the bacteriology of the blood were made in thirty-seven cases of lobar pneumonia. The pneumococcus was isolated from the blood in approximately 50 per cent. of the cases studied. The course of infection in individuals with pneumococcus in the blood was more severe than in those in which no organism could be cultivated from the blood. 77 per cent. of the patients with positive blood cultures died, and 79 per cent. of patients with negative blood cultures recovered. In fatal instances of pneumonia, where the pneumococcus was found in the blood, the number of organisms per cubic centimeter of blood was very high in the last stage of the disease. In individuals dying of pneumonia without blood infection, the disease was characterized by a rapid spread of the local process in the lungs. It is not unlikely that the symptoms of collapse, developing on the fifth or sixth day of lobar pneumonia, are often the expression of serious invasion of the blood by the pneumococcus. In other instances, they mark an extension of the local process in the lungs. Strains of pneumococcus isolated from the blood of patients with lobar pneumonia were usually of high animal virulence. In a few instances where the organism isolated from the blood was of low virulence for animals, the patients recovered. The protective power of a univalent antipneumococcus serum was tested against nineteen strains of typical pneumococcus and against four strains of closely allied organisms. The serum manifested some degree of protection against twelve out of nineteen strains of typical pneumococci. No protection was observed against the atypical organisms. In eight instances the degree of protection obtained was high, in three low, and in one there occurred only a prolongation of the period of life of the inoculated animal.
Association of Early Physician Follow-Up and 30-Day Readmission After Non–ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Among Older Patients
Authors: Connie N. Hess, Bimal R. Shah, S. Andrew Peng, Laine Thomas, Matthew T. Roe, Eric D. Peterson
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Hospital readmission rates within 30 days after acute myocardial infarction are a national performance metric. Previous data suggest that early physician follow-up after heart failure hospitalizations can reduce readmissions; whether these results can be extended to acute myocardial infarction is unclear.We analyzed data from the Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes With Early Implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) Registry linked with Medicare claims from 2003 to 2006 for 25 872 non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction patients ≥65 years of age discharged home from 228 hospitals with >25 patients and full revascularization capabilities. After adjusting for patient, treatment, and hospital characteristics, we examined the relationship between hospital-level physician follow-up within 7 days of discharge and 30-day all-cause readmission using logistic regression. The median hospital-level percentage of patients receiving early physician follow-up was 23.3% (interquartile range, 17.1%-29.1%). Among 24 165 patients with Medicare fee-for-service eligibility 30 days after discharge, 18.5% of patients were readmitted within 30 days of index hospitalization. Unadjusted and adjusted rates of 30-day readmission did not differ among quartiles of hospital-level early physician follow-up. Similarly, each 5% increase in hospital early follow-up was associated with an insignificant change in risk for readmission (adjusted odds ratio, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.97-1.02; P=0.60). Sensitivity analyses extended these null findings to 30-day cardiovascular readmissions, high-risk subgroups, and early cardiology follow-up.Although rates of early physician follow-up after acute myocardial infarction varied among US hospitals, hospitals with higher early follow-up rates did not have lower 30-day readmission rates. Targeting strategies other than early physician follow-up may be necessary to reduce readmissions in this population.
Heparin Inhibits Ligand Binding to the Leukocyte Integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18)
Authors: Karlheinz Peter, Meike Schwarz, Christian Conradt, Thomas Nordt, Martin Moser, Wolfgang Kübler, Christoph Bode
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —The clinical benefits of heparin reach beyond its anticoagulative properties. Recently, it has been described that leukocytes adhere on immobilized heparin mediated by the integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18, α M β 2 , or CR3). Because inhibition of this versatile adhesion molecule could explain various aspects of the beneficial clinical effects of heparin, we evaluated whether soluble heparin modulates Mac-1 function in vitro and in vivo. Methods and Results —Binding of unfractionated heparin to Mac-1 on PMA-stimulated monocytes and granulocytes was directly demonstrated in flow cytometry, whereas no binding of heparin was detected on unstimulated leukocytes. Unfractionated heparin inhibited binding of the soluble ligands fibrinogen, factor X, and iC3b to Mac-1. Adhesion of the monocytic cell line THP-1 and of peripheral monocytes and granulocytes to immobilized ICAM-1 was impaired by unfractionated heparin, to the same extent as with inhibition of Mac-1 by monoclonal antibodies such as c7E3. Low-molecular-weight heparin also inhibits binding of fibrinogen to Mac-1. Additionally, flow cytometry of whole blood preparations of patients treated with unfractionated heparin revealed an inhibitory effect of heparin on the binding of fibrinogen to Mac-1 that correlates (n= 48, r=0.63, P &lt;0.001) to the extent of prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time. Conclusions —We describe a pharmacologically relevant property of heparin that may contribute to its benefits in clinical use. The binding of heparin to Mac-1 and the resulting inhibition in binding of Mac-1 ligands may directly modulate coagulation, inflammation, and cell proliferation.
A Method for Continuously Recording the Disappearance of Radioactive Tracers from Circulating Blood
Authors: WILLIAM J. MAcINTYRE, JACK R. LEONARDS
Journal: Circulation Research (1955)

A method of continuous recording of the disappearance of radioactive materials from the circulating blood is described. By cannulation of the right femoral artery of dogs and leading the tubing past a scintillation counter into the right femoral vein a complete circuit is established in which the concentration of radioactivity may be continuously monitored. Curves showing concentration of the radioactive material versus time have been obtained following injection of iodinated (I 131 ) plasma, Na 24 , I 131 , P 32 , K 42 , and colloidal Au 198 . No errors are introduced by sample withdrawal, timing of samples, or geometric variations.
Discussion Summary. Roles of Metallothionein and Related Proteins in Metal Metabolism and Toxicity: Problems and Perspectives
Authors: David H. Petering, Bruce A. Fowler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

This summary examines some of the known and hypothesized roles of metallothionein and related proteins in mediating the metal metabolism and toxicity from a chemical perspective.It attempts to examine in kinetic terms how such molecules may exert homeostatic control over the intracellular bioa- vailability of metal ions to essential enzymatic or other molecular systems.The concept of ongoing competition between metallothionein and related proteins with other intracellular metal-binding sites for various metals is also examined in relation to the thermodynamic stability of these proteins.Comparisons between mammalian metallothionein and analogous nonmammalian proteins demonstrate both similar- ities and great differences in types of metal-binding sites, metal-binding constants, amino acid composition, and secondary structures such that apparent diversity of these low molecular weight metal-binding mol- ecules in nature appears to be growing ever wider.The potential value ofthese data rests both in delineating new hypotheses for metallothionein evolution and in suggesting new model systems for discovering the normal function of metallothionein and related proteins in cells.
The Breast: Its Problems—Benign and Malignant—and How To Deal With Them
Authors: Yeu-Tsu N. Lee
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Among problems of the breast, the most important one is cancer. For treating cancer of the breast, there is much confusion, and this new book is for radiotherapy and against mastectomy. "The evidence regarding new treatments for breast cancer has been present for several years but ignored by too many physicians." Thus, Dr Cope decided to write this book for the general public, because "if women knew what questions to ask, physicians would have to pay attention." Dr Cope is generally disappointed in the long-term results of conventional radical mastectomy. He starts the book by giving four patients' histories; three died of cancer despite the mastectomy, and one survived with lymphedema of the arm. Since 1960, he has used radiation as the primary treatment after excision of the entire gross tumor, and he has emphasized a multidisciplinary team approach involving surgeons, radiotherapists, pathologists, and medical oncologists. Based on pathological findings
Leaders must act now to prevent irreversible effects of climate change, say scientists
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Governments are running out of time to avoid the “severe, pervasive, and irreversible” effects of climate change, leading scientists have said in a United Nations report.

The report said that global carbon emissions must fall by at least 40% by 2050 and to zero by 2100 to maintain warming below 2°C relative to pre-industrial temperatures. It said that dangerous global warming could be avoided but that delaying action would be costly and would increase risks to countries’ economies, global health, and food security.

The report was published in Copenhagen on 2 November by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the world body for assessing the science related to climate change.1 2 It brings together findings from three major studies by panel working groups and was presented as the “most comprehensive assessment of climate change …
Intercourse During Menstruation Among Prostitutes
Authors: Stephen T. Green
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  Dr Brown's recent letter 1 pointed out that if vaginal intercourse were to take place during the menstrual period, such an act might be more likely to bring men into direct contact with blood potentially infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hence increase the risk of female-to-male HIV transmission. It is known that in most women it is only during active menstruation that cells capable of hosting HIV are secreted from the cervix, 2 suggesting that vaginal intercourse during this period would indeed be more hazardous than at other times; the question is whether vaginal intercourse ever takes place during menstruation, and, if so, when.  The recent World Health Organization Consultation on HIV Epidemiology and Prostitution 3 underlined the potential for prostitute-client interaction as a possible route of sexual transmission of HIV from clients to prostitutes and vice versa. During a recent Glasgow study of
Abituzumab combined with cetuximab plus irinotecan versus cetuximab plus irinotecan alone for patients with KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer: the randomised phase I/II POSEIDON trial
Authors: E. Élez, I. Kocáková, T. Höhler, U.M. Martens, C. Bokemeyer, E. Van Cutsem, B. Melichar, M. Smakal, T. Csőszi, E. Topuzov, R. Orlova, S. Tjulandin, F. Rivera, J. Straub, R. Bruns, S. Quaratino, J. Tabernero
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
Oral salt supplementation and long-distance exercise
Authors: C Lehance, C Rodriguez de la Cruz, L Counet, L Seideil, T Bury
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

During long-distance exercise, it can become difficult to continue to provide good nutrition support. The aim was to evaluate the potential of sausage “Saucisport” (water: 71%, proteins: 17%, carbohydrates: 3%, fat: 6%, other: 3%) to maintain metabolic balance and performance during long-distance exercise. 10 male long-distance runners (mean ± SD: age 34±14 y, height 177±6 cm, weight 71±6 kg, VO 2max 56±8 ml/min/kg) performed two sessions on treadmill (4 h at 65–70% VO 2 max ). These two exercises were separated by 10 days. Subjects were randomised to receive “standard” or oral salt supplementation. During rectangular test, different parameters were recorded every hour (T0, T1, T2, T3, T4) and 1 h postexercise (T5): ventilation, respiratory quotient, oxygen consumption, heart rate, insulin, glucose and free fatty acids. Analysis of respiratory and cardiovascular parameters did not show any difference between salt and sugar supplementation, although in general the values observed in sweet supplementation are slightly higher than those in salt supplementation. Evolution of insulin during the stress test was comparable in both types of supplementation. Blood glucose values were higher after 3 h (p = 0.036) and 4 h (p = 0.014) of effort under “standard” supplementation, but were not different at the end of the exercise test. Our study shows that the sausage Saucisport® does not alter the physiological parameters, metabolic balance or performance during long-distance exercise.
PROGNOSTIC INSIGHTS INTO THE UTILISATION OF INSTANTANEOUS WAVE-FREE RATIO (IFR) TO GUIDE CORONARY REVASCULARISATION: RESULTS OF THE JUSTIFY-CFR STUDY, A COMPARISON OF PRESSURE-ONLY INDICES AGAINST CORONARY FLOW RESERVE
Authors: Ricardo Petraco da Cunha, Tim van de Hoef, Sukhjinder Nijjer, Sayan Sen, Martijn A. van Lavieren, Rodney Foale, Martijn Meuwissen, Christopher Broyd, Mauro Echavarria-Pinto, Nicolas Foin, Iqbal Malik, Ghada Mikhail, Alun Hughes, Darrel Francis, Jamil Mayet, Carlo Di Mario, Javier Escaned, Jan Piek, Justin Davies
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Milk precipitins. A serological survey of 932 individuals
Authors: M. G. McCrea
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Sera from 932 individuals were tested for the presence of precipitins to bovine milk with the micro double-diffusion test in agar. Sixteen percent of the total tested population were positive reactors. Mongols, nonmongoloid patients with profound mental retardation, patients with anemia, and individuals belonging to non-O blood groups manifested a strikingly higher percentage of serum milk precipitins than did the other subjects.