tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased serum adiponectin levels in female patients with erosive compared with non-erosive osteoarthritis: Figure 1
Authors: M Filková, M Lišková, H Hulejová, M Haluzík, J Gatterová, A Pavelková, K Pavelka, S Gay, U Müller-Ladner, L Šenolt
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

<h3>Background and aims</h3> Outcomes of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has significantly improved over the years. However, it can still be unfavourable when there is major organ involvement such as lupus nephritis and standard therapies fail. Outcomes of multi-target therapy using mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and tacrolimus in SLE patients who were refractory to standard therapy was assessed. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective analysis was done in patients with biopsy-confirmed lupus nephritis class III or IV who failed to achieve complete response with standard induction therapy for 24 weeks and switched to multi-target combination therapy with MMF and tacrolimus. Outcomes including renal response, urine protein/creatinine ratio (UPCR), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), serum albumin, and complements were assessed at 24 weeks. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 20 patients, with mean age of 27.9±8.2 years and 82.8% female, who initiated MMF and tacrolimus combination therapy were included. At 24 weeks, 25.9% showed complete response and 37.0% showed partial response. When all patients were compared, the mean UPCR increased from 3.06±3.00 at baseline to 3.21±4.23 at 24 weeks and GFR declined from 96.55±37.07 mL/min/1.73m<sup>2</sup> to 92.00±41.12 mL/min/1.73m<sup>2</sup>. But in subgroup comparison, UPCR decreased from 1.82±0.86 to 1.39±0.85 in patients who had shown partial response to standard induction therapy and increased from 5.61±2.93 to 8.62±4.11 in no response patients. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Multi-target therapy combining MMF and tacrolimus can be considered in patients who had partial response to standard induction therapy in patients with lupus nephritis.
CASES ILLUSTRATING VALUE OF RECTAL INJECTIONS OF SALT SOLUTION IN HEMORRHAGE AND THREATENED COLLAPSE
Authors: T. B. GREENLEY
Journal: JAMA (1901)

converting these bodies.So we come back to the former views as to biliousness and inactive liver, but we have a more scien- tific view as to what is meant and how the liver may be at fault.The essential point in the treatment is not one remedy, or single combination of remedies, but following out the plans of treatment indicated, which he had adopted with such success that he felt warranted in bringing it before the Section.In some cases, meats can be withdrawn and eggs substituted; he
Restitution of superoxide generation in autosomal cytochrome-negative chronic granulomatous disease (A22(0) CGD)-derived B lymphocyte cell lines by transfection with p22phax cDNA.
Authors: F E Maly, C C Schuerer-Maly, L Quilliam, C G Cochrane, P E Newburger, J T Curnutte, M Gifford, M C Dinauer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

The respiratory burst oxidase of phagocytes and B lymphocytes is a multicomponent enzyme that catalyzes the one-electron reduction of oxygen by NADPH. It is responsible for the O2-production that occurs when these cells are exposed to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or physiologic stimuli, such as phagocytosis in phagocytes or cross-linking of surface immunoglobulin in B lymphocytes. The activity of this enzyme is greatly diminished or absent in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), an inherited disorder characterized by a severe defect in host defense against bacteria and fungi. In every CGD patient studied so far, an abnormality has been found in a gene encoding one of the four components of the respiratory burst oxidase: the membrane proteins p22phox or gp91phox which together form the cytochrome b558 protein, or the cytosolic proteins p47phox or p67phox. Autosomal recessive cytochrome-negative CGD (A22(0) CGD) is associated with mutations in the gene coding for p22phox. We report here that the capacity for O2- production and cytochrome b558 protein expression were restored to Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B lymphocytes from two A22(0) CGD patients by transfection with an expression plasmid containing a p22phox cDNA. No detectable O2- was generated by untransfected p22phox-deficient lymphocytes. The genetic reconstitution of the respiratory burst in A22(0) CGD B lymphocytes by transfer of the wild-type p22phox cDNA represents a further step towards somatic gene therapy for this subgroup of A22(0) CGD. This system will also be useful for expression of genetically engineered mutant p22phox proteins in intact cells, facilitating the structure-function analysis of cytochrome b558.
Chemoimmunotherapy with O-FC in previously untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: William G. Wierda, Thomas J. Kipps, Jan Dürig, Laimonas Griskevicius, Stephan Stilgenbauer, Jiří Mayer, Lukáš Smolej, Georg Hess, Rasa Griniute, Francisco J. Hernandez-Ilizaliturri, Swaminathan Padmanabhan, Michele Gorczyca, Chai-Ni Chang, Geoffrey Chan, Ira Gupta, Tina G. Nielsen, Charlotte A. Russell
Journal: Blood (2011)
Two thirds of trusts in England fail to meet new accident and emergency target
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Nearly 70% of trusts in England failed to meet the government’s new target on assessing patients in accident and emergency (A&E) departments, show figures published on 26 August.

Of 178 trusts, 125 missed the target of assessing at least 95% of people within 15 minutes of their arrival at A&E, including emergency attendances at minor injuries units and walk-in centres. Nearly half of all trusts failed to assess patients within one hour.

The new data also show that an average of 7.5% of patients return to A&E departments within one week of being seen previously. The Department of Health suggests that only …
Mortality of HIV-Infected Patients Starting Antiretroviral Therapy in Sub-Saharan Africa: Comparison with HIV-Unrelated Mortality
Authors: Martin W. G. Brinkhof, Andrew Boulle, Ralf Weigel, Eugène Messou, Colin Mathers, Catherine Orrell, François Dabis, Margaret Pascoe, Matthias Egger
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

Comparing mortality rates between patients starting HIV treatment and the general population in four African countries, Matthias Egger and colleagues find the gap decreases over time, especially with early treatment.
Quantitative Trait Loci Modifying Cardiac Atrial Septal Morphology and Risk of Patent Foramen Ovale in the Mouse
Authors: Edwin P. Kirk, Changbaig Hyun, Peter C. Thomson, Donna Lai, M. Leticia Castro, Christine Biben, Michael F. Buckley, Ian C.A. Martin, Chris Moran, Richard P. Harvey
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a common congenital heart disease (CHD) occurring in 5 to 7 per 10 000 live births. Mutations in 5 human genes ( NKX2.5 , TBX5 , GATA4 , MYHC , ACTC ) are known to cause dominant ASD, but these account for a minority of cases. Human and mouse data suggest that ASD exists in an anatomical continuum with milder septal variants patent foramen ovale (PFO) and atrial septal aneurysm, strongly associated with ischemic stroke and migraine. We have previously shown in inbred mice that the incidence of PFO strongly correlates with length of the interatrial septum primum , defining a quantitative trait underlying PFO risk. To better understand genetic causation of atrial septal abnormalities, we mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) influencing septal morphology using mouse strains (QSi5 and 129T2/SvEms) maximally informative for PFO incidence and 3 quantitative septal anatomical traits including septum primum length. [QSi5×129T2/SvEms]F2 intercross animals (n=1437) were phenotyped and a whole genome scan performed at an average 17-cM interval. Statistical methodology scoring PFO as a binary phenotype was developed as a confirmatory mapping technique. We mapped 7 significant and 6 suggestive QTL modifying quantitative phenotypes, with 4 supported by binary analysis. Quantitative traits, although strongly associated with PFO ( P &lt;0.001), correlated poorly with each other and in all but 1 case QTL for different traits were nonoverlapping. Thus, multiple anatomical processes under separate genetic control contribute to risk of PFO. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of modeling the genetic basis of common CHD using animal genetic and genomic technologies.
Consistent Up-regulation of Stat3 Independently of Jak2 Mutations in a New Murine Model of Essential Thrombocythemia
Authors: Vitalyi Senyuk, Ciro Roberto Rinaldi, Donglan Li, Francesca Cattaneo, Aleksandra Stojanovic, Fabrizio Pane, Xiaoping Du, Nadim Mahmud, Jerome Dickstein, Giuseppina Nucifora
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Janus-activated kinase 2 (JAK2) mutations are common in myeloproliferative disorders; however, although they are detected in virtually all polycythemia vera patients, they are found in ∼50% of essential thrombocythemia (ET) patients, suggesting that converging pathways/abnormalities underlie the onset of ET. Recently, the chromosomal translocation 3;21, leading to the fusion gene AML1/MDS1/EVI1 (AME), was observed in an ET patient. After we forced the expression of AME in the bone marrow (BM) of C57BL/6J mice, all the reconstituted mice died of a disease with symptoms similar to ET with a latency of 8 to 16 months. Peripheral blood smears consistently showed an elevated number of dysplastic platelets with anisocytosis, degranulation, and giant size. Although the AME-positive mice did not harbor Jak2 mutations, the BM of most of them had significantly higher levels of activated Stat3 than the controls. With combined biochemical and biological assays we found that AME binds to the Stat3 promoter leading to its up-regulation. Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) analysis of a small group of ET patients shows that in about half of the patients, there is STAT3 hyperactivation independently of JAK2 mutations, suggesting that the hyperactivation of STAT3 by JAK2 mutations or promoter activation may be a critical step in development of ET. [Cancer Res 2009;69(1):262–71]
Herman Boerhaave: The Man and His Work
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Herman Boerhaave (1668-1738) was "the teacher of all Europe" and the leading European physician in the first half of the 18th century. Yet with the passage of time his achievements were forgotten and his fame superseded. Fortunately, the renewed interest in medical history now pays merited attention to one of the great physicians of the past. In his new excellent biography, Lindeboom brings the great Dutch physician into sharp focus and recreates for us the environment and academic life of the times. Lindeboom, who has devoted many years to the study of Boerhaave, has already made important contributions, particularly the detailed bibliography, and the collection and translation of letters, now indispensable for the study of 18thcentury medicine. For the present biography Lindeboom has thoroughly combed the primary source material, the letters, diaries, official documents and minutes, as well as the voluminous contemporary Latin writings; and in addition, he has covered
Hypocupremia associated with prior vitamin B<sub>12</sub> deficiency
Authors: Calin I. Prodan, Sylvia S. Bottomley, Andrea S. Vincent, Linda D. Cowan, Neil R. Holland, Stuart E. Lind
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Clinical similarities between vitamin B(12) and copper deficiencies prompted us to investigate if hypocupremia is present in patients receiving vitamin B(12) supplementation. Our pilot study results indicate that a significant number of elderly patients with prior diagnosis of vitamin B(12) deficiency have also undiagnosed hypocupremia.
Voting and mental capacity
Authors: M. Redley, J. C. Hughes, A. Holland
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Voting is a political right, not a matter of competence to make decisions 

In England, 700 000 people have dementia and 1.2 million have a learning disability.1 2 Many of these will have wanted to vote in this year’s UK general election and had the mental capacity to do so, but a substantial proportion may not have had the opportunity.

This is important because the number of people living in democracies worldwide is increasing. If people are denied the opportunity to vote (because they are not encouraged to register or because voting is not facilitated) their rights as citizens are undermined. Furthermore, because the ways to vote (and consequently to vote fraudulently) are increasing, if a vote is cast for someone who lacks capacity, democracy may be undermined. Capacity increasingly causes difficulties for both paid and family carers, as Livingston and colleagues highlight in the linked study (doi:10.1136/bmj.c4184),3 so it seems inevitable that doctors will be asked to assess capacity to vote. 

The first concern is a lack of clear advice. In the United Kingdom, …
UK ranks eighth out of 13 developed countries on drug usage, finds analysis
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The United Kingdom lags behind several other developed countries in its use of drugs for dementia and cancer, but comes out near the top for its use of cardiovascular medicines, says a report.

But no consistent international pattern emerges for all the disease categories assessed, even for those countries at the top of the league table, the findings show.

The report, by Professor Mike Richards, national clinical director for cancer services, was drawn up in response to perceived concerns that UK patients were not getting the same level of access to newer drugs as their peers elsewhere and to the commitment made in the Pharmaceutical Price Regulation Scheme to develop measurable comparisons of new medicines uptake in Europe.

The analysis reviewed drug …
Magnetic resonance imaging of the shoulder in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: G.J Kieft, B.A Dijkmans, J.L Bloem, H.M Kroon
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

To evaluate the ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect shoulder abnormalities 18 patients (36 shoulders) with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and shoulder complaints were studied. Osseous abnormalities of the glenoid and humeral head were readily detected with MRI. The imaging planes used were not suitable for the evaluation of acromioclavicular joint involvement. Magnetic resonance imaging depicted soft tissue abnormalities that were not clearly visualised by plain film radiography, such as involvement of rotator cuff tendons and subacromial bursae, joint effusion, and muscular atrophy. Magnetic resonance imaging appears to be a sensitive method for evaluation of glenohumeral joint changes in patients with RA.
The positive in negatives
Authors: K. Abbasi
Journal: BMJ (2003)

“Does the BMJ publish studies on American datasets?” asked a researcher at a meeting in Atlanta, Georgia, last week on reporting behavioural interventions. We do, of course, although it is worrying that a scientist from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention thinks we may not. Inevitably, there is considerable international interest in the US healthcare system, just as there is in the NHS, and studies in one setting might generalise to others. But there are more reasons for us to be interested. Our website, bmj.com, attracts about 185 000 users a week, mostly from outside …
Characterization of apomucin expression in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas and their precursor lesions: An immunohistochemical study
Authors: M Sasaki, Y Nakanuma, Y S Kim
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

To date, seven apomucins have been characterized and their expression in malignant and premalignant lesions is under evaluation. In this study, we examined the expression of MUC1, MUC2, MUC3, and MUC5/6 apomucins in cholangiocarcinoma (CC) and biliary epithelial dysplasia. We used 14 liver samples from patients with hepatolithiasis and CC, 11 with hepatolithiasis showing biliary epithelial dysplasia, 31 with CC alone (19 hilar, 10 peripheral, and 2 unclassifiable), and 14 with combined hepatocellular-cholangiocellular carcinoma (HC-CC) and immunohistochemically characterized the expression profiles of apomucins. Nondysplastic biliary epithelial cells in the intrahepatic large bile ducts constantly expressed MUC3 apomucin. MUC5/6 and MUC3 apomucin expression was widespread in dysplastic biliary epithelial cells in hepatolithiasis, although the latter was reduced or absent in dysplastic foci. CC extensively expressed MUC1 apomucin and focally expressed MUC2 apomucin. In addition, CC of the hilar type, including those with hepatolithiasis, frequently expressed MUC3 apomucin (68% and 57%, respectively), whereas those of the peripheral type infrequently expressed MUC3 apomucin (10%) (P < .01). MUC5/6 apomucin was more frequently expressed in well-differentiated (89%), compared with poorly differentiated CC (42%) (P < .01). Cholangiocellular elements of combined HC-CC frequently expressed MUC1 apomucin, although they rarely expressed MUC2 and MUC3 apomucin and infrequently expressed MUC5/6 apomucin. The frequent and aberrant expression of "gastric type" MUC5/6 apomucin in biliary epithelial dysplasia, as well as in CC, suggests that biliary epithelial cells gain a gastric apomucin phenotype during carcinogenesis. MUC3 apomucin expression in CC is a marker that suggests that CC arises in the intrahepatic large bile ducts.
Radiographic centiles of lung and heart growth. Patterns of growth.
Authors: G Simon, J M Tanner
Journal: Thorax (1972)

Proceedings of the Thoracic Society and pressure measurements were obtained before giving the frusemide intravenously and the changes were followed over a six-hour period in 20 patients.Measurement of dead space-tidal volume ratio and venous admixture was made in 11 patients.Changes in gas exchange were correlated with change in cardiac output.
Short-Term Rosuvastatin Therapy for Prevention of Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Yaling Han, Guoying Zhu, Lixian Han, Fengxia Hou, Weijian Huang, Huiliang Liu, Jihong Gan, Tiemin Jiang, Xiaoyan Li, Wei Wang, Shifang Ding, Shaobin Jia, Weifeng Shen, Dongmei Wang, Ling Sun, Jian Qiu, Xiaozeng Wang, Yi Li, Jie Deng, Jing Li, Kai Xu, Bo Xu, Roxana Mehran, Yong Huo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)

This study sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of rosuvastatin in preventing contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).CI-AKI is an important complication after contrast medium injection. While small studies have shown positive results with statin therapy, the role of statin therapy in prevention of CI-AKI remains unknown.We randomized 2,998 patients with type 2 DM and concomitant CKD who were undergoing coronary/peripheral arterial angiography with or without percutaneous intervention to receive rosuvastatin, 10 mg/day (n = 1,498), for 5 days (2 days before, and 3 days after procedure) or standard-of-care (n = 1,500). Patients' renal function was assessed at baseline, 48 h, and 72 h after exposure to contrast medium. The primary endpoint of the study was the development of CI-AKI, which was defined as an increase in serum creatinine concentration ≥0.5 mg/dl (44.2 μmol/l) or 0.25% above baseline at 72 h after exposure to contrast medium.Patients randomized to the rosuvastatin group had a significantly lower incidence of CI-AKI than controls (2.3% vs. 3.9%, respectively; p = 0.01). During 30 days' follow-up, the rate of worsening heart failure was significantly lower in the patients treated with rosuvastatin than that in the control group (2.6% vs. 4.3%, respectively; p = 0.02).Rosuvastatin significantly reduced the risk of CI-AKI in patients with DM and CKD undergoing arterial contrast medium injection. (Rosuvastatin Prevent Contrast Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With Diabetes [TRACK-D]; NCT00786136).
NALP3-mediated inflammation is a principal cause of progressive renal failure in oxalate nephropathy
Authors: Felix Knauf, John R. Asplin, Ignacio Granja, Insa M. Schmidt, Gilbert W. Moeckel, Rachel J. David, Richard A. Flavell, Peter S. Aronson
Journal: Kidney International (2013)

Oxalate nephropathy with renal failure is caused by multiple disorders leading to hyperoxaluria due to either overproduction of oxalate (primary hyperoxaluria) or excessive absorption of dietary oxalate (enteric hyperoxaluria). To study the etiology of renal failure in crystal-induced kidney disease, we created a model of progressive oxalate nephropathy by feeding mice a diet high in soluble oxalate (high oxalate in the absence of dietary calcium). Renal histology was characterized by intratubular calcium-oxalate crystal deposition with an inflammatory response in the surrounding interstitium. Oxalate nephropathy was not found in mice fed a high oxalate diet that also contained calcium. NALP3, also known as cryopyrin, has been implicated in crystal-associated diseases such as gout and silicosis. Mice fed the diet high in soluble oxalate demonstrated increased NALP3 expression in the kidney. Nalp3-null mice were completely protected from the progressive renal failure and death that occurred in wild-type mice fed the diet high in soluble oxalate. NALP3 deficiency did not affect oxalate homeostasis, thereby excluding differences in intestinal oxalate handling to explain the observed phenotype. Thus, progressive renal failure in oxalate nephropathy results primarily from NALP3-mediated inflammation.
Sulfinpyrazone after Myocardial Infarction: No Decision Yet
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

In February 1978, the Journal published a preliminary report of the successful use of sulfinpyrazone (Anturane) in the prevention of sudden death after myocardial infarction.1 A second report, based on a longer period of treatment, appeared in January of this year2 and concluded that the drug reduced cardiac mortality by 32 per cent and sudden death by 43 per cent, as compared with a placebo. This seemingly dramatic and encouraging development was made all the more so by contrast with the disappointing results of a large-scale trial of aspirin that appeared at about the same time.3 Although sulfinpyrazone has antiplatelet . . .
VACCINIA OF THE EYELIDS BY HOMOINOCULATION
Authors: JAMES MOORES BALL
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Eighty-odd cases of vaccinia of the eyelids have been recorded in the literature. Of these, however, only about 25 per cent, were due to vaccinated persons inoculating their own eyes, the remainder being due to vaccinators, mothers, nurse-girls and others infecting their eyes from the vaccination vesicle of some one under their care. It is on account of the infrequency of the cases brought about by homo-inoculation that we report the one described herewith.  Incidentally, we wish to call attention to several associated facts. In addition to the cases mentioned above, eight instances have been reported in which the cornea was accidentally the primary seat of inoculation. In eighty-odd cases of palpebral vaccinia, the cornea was involved by extension in only about 10 per cent. Several cases of a primary vaccinal conjunctivitis have been reported, but it is difficult to gain from the literature a clear idea as to the