tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surgery for Intractable Ventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: John J. Collings
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Malignant ventricular arrhythmias may occur in a variety of congenital or acquired heart diseases.1 By far the largest group of susceptible persons are patients who have had myocardial infarction, in whom the occurrence of complex ventricular ectopic activity is associated with an increase in mortality independent of other risk variables.2 Even simple ventricular premature beats seem to have an adverse effect on survival in this group. Because of the serious implications of ventricular ectopic activity, great attention has been given to the origin of these arrhythmias and to the development of pharmacologic agents to control ventricular ectopic activity. Among patients . . .
INTRAGASTRIC RADIUM TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE STOMACH
Authors: THOMAS O. MENEES
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The frequency and low operability of cancer of the stomach make improved methods of irradiation desirable. The application of radium immediately to the growth has definite advantages over external roentgen-ray therapy alone.  Pinch 1 has applied radium to the interior of the carcinomatous stomach by having the patient swallow a radium tube on a string. The position is observed by the roentgenoscope, and the radium may be moved by pulling on the string. From this, he has obtained definite palliative results, in slowing the rate of growth, checking hemorrhage, and relieving pain.  With radium applied in this way, the surface of the tumor bears the brunt of the exposure. Adjacent sensitive organs are protected by the rapid decrease in the intensity of irradiation, with distance. This permits heavy caustic irradiation, sufficient to influence highly resistant scirrhous carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. Roentgen-ray treatment could not be carried to this intensity because of
Miami Medical School Leads the Way in Assisting Haitians While Training Family Medicine Residents
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

ALTHOUGH HAITI may be a land of frightful want, some who are interested in the field of family medicine see the country as a land of promise. Among the first to recognize its potential is the University of Miami (Fla) School of Medicine, which has established a family practice residency rotation at Haiti's only teaching hospital, University Hospital in Port-au-Prince. Faculty members at the University of Miami School of Medicine are also helping Haiti's medical college set up its first family residency program, which they expect will be up and running in July 1996. According to Arthur Fournier, MD, professor of family medicine and community health and associate dean for community health affairs at Miami, the school's Haitian Outreach Programs came about because his daughter car-pools with the daughter of Bart Green, MD, chair of neurosurgery there. While Green had been interested in helping in Haiti for some time, the
Carbamazepine for Tabetic Pain
Authors: Donato Alarcón-Segovia
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Confirmation of the finding of Ekbom<sup>1</sup>that carbamazepine (Tegretol) helps patients with tabetic lightning pains is important because there is no other treatment for this distress. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> A 63-year-old woman consulted because of longstanding severe lightning pains of either lower extremity which occurred without relationship to activity. She had advanced neuropathic arthropathy (Charcot's disease) of the knees and feet, and an arthrodesis had been performed two years previously. Flocculation tests for syphilis had been positive, both in the serum and in the cerebrospinal fluid, and, because of this, she had received penicillin treatment in adequte doses. Neurologic examination revealed ataxia; Argyll Robertson pupils; loss of deep pain, of vibration sensitivity, and of deep-tendon reflexes. Carbamazepine therapy was started with a dosage of 200 mg twice daily. The lightning pains subsided promptly, but they returned when medication was stopped and again abated when it
B‐cell surface phenotypes of proliferating myeloma cells: Target antigens for immunotherapy
Authors: Clara S. P. Chan, Susan B. Wormsley, Lawrence E. Pierce, James B. Peter, Geraldine P. Schechter
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract Dual‐parameter flow cytometric analysis of B‐cell antigens and DNA content was used to determine the phenotypes of proliferating tumor cells (S‐phase cells) from 30 patients with multiple myeloma. B4 (CD19), J5 (CALLA, CD10), B1 (CD20), and monotypic surface immunoglobulin (Sig) were expressed heterogeneously in 24 patients. J5 and monotypic Slg were found most frequently but were always expressed on a significantly lower percentage of cells than the antigens typically associated with plasma cells, cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (Clg) and T10 (CD38). S‐phase cells were found in each antigen(+) subset. B antigen(+) cycling cells were demonstrated in 16 patients whose marrow or blood cells expressed B antigens exclusively in the hyperdiploid fraction and therefore were certainly part of the myeloma clone. Similar to the low level of proliferative activity of the T10(+), Clg(+), and PCA1(+) subsets, the percentages of cycling cells of the preplasma cell B‐antigen‐bearing myeloma subsets ranged from &lt; 1% to 12%. The tumor cells of four patients were also studied with dual‐color surface antigen analysis and demonstrated independent expression of B antigens, with only rare coexpression of T10 and monotypic Slg, J5, or B4. These findings are consistent with the presence of distinct myeloma subsets bearing differing B phenotypes in the same tumor and provide evidence that the proliferation in myeloma is occurring at various developmental stages in the malignant B lineage. These antigens may be important targets for immunologic therapy aimed at eliminating the entire proliferating compartment of this B‐cell tumor.
Infected hip prostheses.
Authors: R E Loder
Journal: BMJ (1980)

of dorsal column stimulation from the random variability of the disease, placebo effects, and suggestibility.This can in part be overcome by making multiple observations so that the variance before treatment is defined, which should take care of the disease fluctuations.Placebo and suggestibility effects tend to wear off after a few weeks' therapy and are less of a problem when studying autonomic function.Automated urinary flow studies (for example, by Disa Mictiograph) are probably the single most useful ncn-invasive test by which the effects of dorsal column stimulation can be measured.Finally, it is suggested that anyone embarking on trials of dorsal column stimula- tion should discuss it fully with a qualified medical statistician so that the results can be properly analysed.
Coexistence of congenital afibrinogenemia and protein c deficiency in a patient
Authors: Masaharu Hanano, Hoyu Takahashi, Akira Shibata, Masakazu Itoh
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

A rare association of congenital afibrinogenemia and hereditary protein C deficiency is described in a 37-year-old female who suffered from ischemic necrosis in the left first toe. The diagnosis of afibrinogenemia was assessed by the absence of fibrinogen in clotting and immunological assays. The diagnosis of hereditary heterozygous type I protein C deficiency was based on the evidence of proportional decreases of activity and antigen of plasma protein C in the propositus, her mother, and two maternal aunts.
Nursing career structure
Authors: M J Jolley
Journal: BMJ (1983)

This is the first in a series of articles on the Nursing Career Structure. The Nursing Career Structure was achieved in Queensland from a decision of the Australian Industrial Relations Commission (AIRC) in August 1990 and subsequent Queensland Industrial Relations Commission (QIRC) decision of December 1990. The QNU believes it is appropriate given the time since these decisions to revisit the career structure with its members.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Serum Cotinine Levels of Cigarette Smokers
Authors: Ralph S. Caraballo, Gary A. Giovino, Terry F. Pechacek, Paul D. Mowery, Patricia A. Richter, Warren J. Strauss, Donald J. Sharp, Michael P. Eriksen, James L. Pirkle, Kurt R. Maurer
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Context.—Cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, is a marker of exposure to tobacco smoke. Previous studies suggest that non-Hispanic blacks have higher levels of serum cotinine than non-Hispanic whites who report similar levels of cigarette smoking.Objective.—To investigate differences in levels of serum cotinine in black, white, and Mexican American cigarette smokers in the US adult population.Design.—Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1991.Participants.—A nationally representative sample of persons aged 17 years or older who participated in the survey.Outcome Measures.—Serum cotinine levels by reported number of cigarettes smoked per day and by race and ethnicity.Results.—A total of 7182 subjects were involved in the study; 2136 subjects reported smoking at least 1 cigarette in the last 5 days. Black smokers had cotinine concentrations substantially higher at all levels of cigarette smoking than did white or Mexican American smokers (P<.001). Serum cotinine levels for blacks were 125 nmol/L (22 ng/mL) (95% confidence interval [CI], 79-176 nmol/L [14-31 ng/mL]) to 539 nmol/L (95 ng/mL) (95% CI, 289-630 nmol/L [51-111 ng/mL]) higher than for whites and 136 nmol/L (24 ng/mL) (95% CI, 85-182 nmol/L [15-32 ng/mL]) to 641 nmol/L (113 ng/mL) (95% CI, 386-897 nmol/L [68-158 ng/mL]) higher than for Mexican Americans. These differences do not appear to be attributable to differences in environmental tobacco smoke exposure or in number of cigarettes smoked.Conclusions.—To our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence from a national study that serum cotinine levels are higher among black smokers than among white or Mexican American smokers. If higher cotinine levels among blacks indicate higher nicotine intake or differential pharmacokinetics and possibly serve as a marker of higher exposure to cigarette carcinogenic components, they may help explain why blacks find it harder to quit and are more likely to experience higher rates of lung cancer than white smokers.
Trauma Systems
Authors: Donald Trunkey
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Although trauma centers have been present in the United States since 1966, trauma systems are relatively new. In this issue ofThe Journal, Bazzoli et al1present an update on the progress of trauma system development in the United States. Their report represents an extension of a previous article by West et al.2In addition to reviewing the original eight trauma system criteria of West and colleagues, the current report expands on the original study and provides a more sophisticated analysis of trauma systems and their development. Bazzoli et al show that since the publication of the report by West et al the number of complete trauma systems in the United States has increased from a relatively abysmal two complete systems in 1987 to five complete systems in 1993.  See also p 395.  One of the reasons for writing this progress report is the contention by the authors
OBESITY IS ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED REGIONAL LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION IN ASYMPTOMATIC DIABETIC PATIENTS INDEPENDENTLY OF HYPERTENSION AND EXTENT OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: THE FACTOR 64 STUDY
Authors: Boaz D. Rosen, Kenneth Horton, Kyle Balling, Ravi Sharma, Yitzhak Rosen, Heidi May, Jeffrey Anderson, Donald Lappe, Joao Lima, J. Muhlestein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Hip fractures in healthy patients: operative delay versus prognosis.
Authors: R N Villar, S M Allen, S J Barnes
Journal: BMJ (1986)

One hundred and forty five women who had undergone hemiarthroplasty for a subcapital fracture of the femoral neck but who were otherwise fit were studied to determine whether undue delay between injury and operation influenced their social circumstances three months after surgery. The median delay for those patients who showed good rehabilitation at three months was 29 hours, but for those who showed poor rehabilitation it was 57 hours. This difference was significant. It is suggested that a subcapital fracture in an otherwise fit elderly patient should therefore be regarded as a surgical emergency.
The Milk Factor in the Transmission of Mammary Carcinoma
Authors: Jerome Berner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

"CANCER" is a word that carries with it the respect of fear. The physician, and indeed the layman also, is aware of the remarkable ability of a malignant tumor to extend its claws, in the nature of the crab to which it was likened, throughout the body. Carcinoma is the commonest of all cancers and is characterized by its epithelial genesis. This disease does not restrict its activity to any part of the body but attacks almost all the organs. In the female, however, it has been shown to have a predilection for the breast, developing here almost twice as . . .
David Alexander James Williamson
Authors: Leslie Bartlet
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Citizen science data are valuable for addressing a wide range of ecological research questions, and there has been a rapid increase in the scope and volume of data available. However, data from large-scale citizen science projects typically present a number of challenges that can inhibit robust ecological inferences. These challenges include: species bias, spatial bias, variation in effort, and variation in observer skill. To demonstrate key challenges in analysing citizen science data, we use the example of estimating species distributions with data from eBird, a large semi-structured citizen science project. We estimate three widely applied metrics for describing species distributions: encounter rate, occupancy probability, and relative abundance. For each method, we outline approaches for data processing and modelling that are suitable for using citizen science data for estimating species distributions. Model performance improved when data processing and analytical methods addressed the challenges arising from citizen science data. The largest gains in model performance were achieved with two key processes 1) the use of complete checklists rather than presence-only data, and 2) the use of covariates describing variation in effort and detectability for each checklist. Including these covariates accounted for heterogeneity in detectability and reporting, and resulted in substantial differences in predicted distributions. The data processing and analytical steps we outlined led to improved model performance across a range of sample sizes. When using citizen science data it is imperative to carefully consider the appropriate data processing and analytical procedures required to address the bias and variation. Here, we describe the consequences and utility of applying our suggested approach to semi-structured citizen science data to estimate species distributions. The methods we have outlined are also likely to improve other forms of inference and will enable researchers to conduct robust analyses and harness the vast ecological knowledge that exists within citizen science data.
A Quantitative Analysis of Left Ventricular Myocardial Function in the Intact, Sedated Dog
Authors: ROGER R. TAYLOR, JOHN ROSS, JAMES W. COVELL, EDMUND H. SONNENBLICK, Robert Lewis
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

Instantaneous contractile element velocity was calculated from left ventricular pressure and its first derivative during isovolumic left ventricular contractions produced by sudden balloon occlusion of the ascending aorta during diastole in closed-chest, sedated dogs. Wall tension was derived from ventricular pressure and volume, the latter being obtained from the pressure-volume relation of the arrested ventricle. During isovolumic contractions, there was an inverse curvilinear relation between tension and velocity, except at the onset of contraction and near peak tension. Increasing diastolic ventricular volume shifted the tension-velocity relations to the right, with increase in mean total isovolumic tension from 188 to 471 g/cm 2 , but without an obvious change in extrapolation to maximum velocity, which averaged 3.0 circumferences/sec. End-diastolic pressure-tension and circumference-tension relations indicated that active tension development continued to increase up to the maximum measured enddiastolic pressures of approximately 20 mm Hg. The normalized data, pooled from 15 animals, showed little scatter in the data for tension and velocity. It is concluded that the contractile properties of left ventricular muscle in the intact, sedated dog may be meaningfully described by tension-velocity relations obtained from single isovolumic contractions. The responses of the intact ventricle to increased diastolic volume and digitalis glycosides are analogous to those of isolated cardiac muscle. The small variability in the normalized tension-velocity relations in the normal dog suggests that it will also be possible to characterize abnormal left ventricular function with this approach.
White Matter Hyperintensities in Migraine
Authors: Deborah I. Friedman, David W. Dodick
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A tale of two Germanys: East Germany's health system provides lessons 14 years on
Authors: Dirk Meusel, Ulf Maywald, Isabel Hach, Wilhelm Kirch
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A tale of two Germanys Health problems in eastern Germany are clearly related to transitionEditor-The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 marked the beginning of the end of communism in eastern Europe and in eastern Germany.As McKee and Fister point out, 1 certain constellations of epidemiological and demographic variables characterise the resultant process of political and economic transition: low or even decreasing life expectancy (especially for men) and higher prevalences of alcoholism and obesity.This has happened in the postcommunist Länder (federal states) of eastern Germany.East Germany is different from other east European countries in that its healthcare sector was not deconstructed, with periods of severe dysfunction: it simply adopted the healthcare system of West Germany.Despite this, life expectancy at birth is still lower in eastern Germany than in western Germany, although the difference had diminished at the end of the 1990s. 2 Alcoholic disease is a feature of the typical transition process.The number of people discharged from hospital with alcoholic disease was higher in eastern Germany in 1994 and 1999 than in western Germany. 3 Obesity is another transition related problem and a risk factor for many diseases. 4 The proportion of the population with obesity (body mass index > 29.9) is higher in eastern Germany than in western Germany.This difference has remained for over 10 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall.In the medium term, the situation is set to even out.But it is remarkable that in spite of the same, well equipped (curative) health system, health care does not strongly modify mainly lifestyle linked health effects in a population that is exposed to transition after communism.For eastern Germany, the end of this transition process is in sight.
Shah Mazharul (“Mazhar”) Islam Chowdhury
Authors: Peter Halim Chowdhury, Mariam Chowdhury, Sophia Chowdhury, James Yasin Chowdhury
Journal: BMJ (2006)

​FormerFormer general practitioner Chellaston, Derby (b 1936; q Dhaka, Bangladesh, 1962), died from septicaemia on 22 May 2006.



Figure 1



Mazhar was briefly a ship's doctor, on pilgrimage trips from Bangladesh to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, before starting his first appointment in England at Birmingham General Hospital in 1964, working in obstetrics and gynaecology. A year later he met Frances, his future wife, while they both worked at King's Mill Hospital, Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire. A career spanning over 30 years in general practice followed. Mazhar established a successful singlehanded practice. He leaves Frances and four children.
The University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study: Population Survey Results and Serum Concentrations for Polychlorinated Dioxins, Furans, and Biphenyls
Authors: Elizabeth Hedgeman, Qixuan Chen, Biling Hong, Chiung-Wen Chang, Kristen Olson, Kathleen LaDronka, Barbara Ward, Peter Adriaens, Avery Demond, Brenda W. Gillespie, James Lepkowski, Alfred Franzblau, David H. Garabrant
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

BackgroundThe University of Michigan Dioxin Exposure Study was undertaken to address concerns that the discharge of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzo furans (PCDFs) from the Dow Chemical Company in the Midland, Michigan, area had resulted in contamination of soils in the Tittabawassee River floodplain and the city of Midland, leading to an increase in residents' body burdens of these compounds.ObjectiveIn this article we present descriptive statistics from the resident survey and sampling of human serum, household dust, and soil and compare them with other published values.MethodsFrom a multistage random sample of populations in four areas of Midland and Saginaw counties and from a distant referent population, we interviewed 946 adults, who also donated blood for analysis of PCDDs, PCDFs, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Samples of household dust and house perimeter soil were collected from consenting subjects who owned their property.ResultsAll five study populations were comparable in age, race, sex, and length of residence in their current home. Regional differences existed in employment history, personal contact with contaminated soils, and consumption of fish and game from contaminated areas. Median soil concentrations were significantly increased around homes in the Tittabawassee River floodplain (11.4 ppt) and within the city of Midland (58.2 ppt) compared with the referent population (3.6 ppt). Median serum toxic equivalencies were significantly increased in people who lived in the floodplain (23.2 ppt) compared with the referent population (18.5 ppt).ConclusionsDifferences in serum dioxin concentrations among the populations were small but statistically significant. Regression modeling is needed to identify whether the serum concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs are associated with contaminated soils, household dust, and other factors.