tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased morning incidence of myocardial infarction in the ISAM Study: absence with prior beta-adrenergic blockade. ISAM Study Group.
Authors: S N Willich, T Linderer, K Wegscheider, A Leizorovicz, I Alamercery, R Schröder
Journal: Circulation (1989)

The time of acute myocardial infarction was determined in all 1,741 patients of the ISAM (Intravenous Streptokinase in Acute Myocardial Infarction) Study, based on onset of clinical symptoms and evaluation of plasma CK-MB enzyme time-activity curves. The incidence of myocardial infarction was markedly increased between 6:00 AM and 12:00 noon compared with other times of day (p less than 0.001). Myocardial infarction occurred 3.8 times more frequently between 8:00 and 9:00 AM (hour of maximum incidence) than between 12:00 midnight and 1:00 AM (hour of minimum incidence). Time of myocardial infarction based on clinical and enzymatic methods correlated well (r = 0.95). Patients with higher or lower left ventricular ejection fraction, higher or lower degree of wall motion abnormalities and residual stenosis of the coronary arteries, and one-, two-, or three-vessel disease exhibited a similar circadian pattern, suggesting that the morning is a risk period for patients with mild as well as severe coronary artery disease. Only the group of patients receiving beta-adrenergic blocking therapy before the event did not show an increased morning incidence of myocardial infarction. This observation may contribute to an understanding of the mechanisms by which beta-blockers reduce the incidence of myocardial infarction. Further investigation of physiologic changes occurring during the morning period of increased risk of myocardial infarction may lead to better understanding of the disorder. Design and timing of cardioprotective medication may play a crucial role in improving prevention of acute myocardial infarction.
Neutrophil migration across a cultured intestinal epithelium. Dependence on a CD11b/CD18-mediated event and enhanced efficiency in physiological direction.
Authors: C A Parkos, C Delp, M A Arnaout, J L Madara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Neutrophils (PMN) migrate across intestinal epithelia in many disease states. Although such migration serves as a histological index of disease activity, little is known concerning the molecular events underlying PMN-intestinal epithelial interactions. We have studied chemotactic peptide-driven movement of PMN across cultured monolayers of the human intestinal epithelial cell line T84. Using a transmigration microassay, we show that both the decreased transepithelial resistance (76 +/- 3%) and transmigration (4 +/- 0.6 x 10(5) PMN.cm-2, when PMN applied at 6 x 10(6).cm-2) are largely prevented by MAbs which recognize either subunit of the PMN surface heterodimeric adhesion glycoprotein, CD11b/CD18. In contrast, such PMN-epithelial interactions are unaffected by MAbs recognizing either of the remaining two alpha subunits CD11a or CD11c. PMN from a leukocyte adherence deficiency patient also failed to migrate across epithelial monolayers thus confirming a requirement for CD11/18 integrins. By modifying our microassay, we were able to assess PMN transmigration across T84 monolayers in the physiological direction (which, for technical reasons, has not been studied in epithelia): transmigration was again largely attenuated by MAb to CD18 or CD11b (86 +/- 2% and 73 +/- 3% inhibition, respectively) but was unaffected by MAb to CD11a, CD11c. For standard conditions of PMN density, PMN transmigration in the physiological direction was 5-20 times more efficient than in the routinely studied opposite direction.
Pyelonephritis Associated with Legionella pneumophila, Serogroup 4
Authors: SANDY A. DORMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

A patient with bladder carcinoma metastatic to lung and brain died of pneumonia. Autopsy examination showed a confluent bronchopneumonia with several small abscesses and acute pyelonephritis with abscess formation. Legionella pneumophila, serogroup 4, was isolated in pure culture from lung tissue postmortem and was also shown by direct immunofluorescence in the kidney and spleen. In the kidney, the organism was noted in areas of acute pyelonephritis. This represents the first case of an extrathoracic inflammatory lesion associated with L. pneumophila.
Targeting Leukemia Stem Cells
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Mutations in GLIS3 are responsible for a rare syndrome with neonatal diabetes mellitus and congenital hypothyroidism
Authors: Valérie Senée, Claude Chelala, Sabine Duchatelet, Daorong Feng, Hervé Blanc, Jack-Christophe Cossec, Céline Charon, Marc Nicolino, Pascal Boileau, Douglas R Cavener, Pierre Bougnères, Doris Taha, Cécile Julier
Journal: Nature Genetics (2006)
A NEW CLASS OF HUMAN IMMUNOGLOBULINS
Authors: David S. Rowe, John L. Fahey
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

A new class of immunoglobulin, IgD, was identified in normal human serum by immunochemical technics. Antiserums prepared against the unique S.J. myeloma protein facilitated recognition of the related normal protein. IgD was shown to possess type K (I) and type L (II) light chain determinants, similar to those present in other classes of immunoglobulins. IgD does not possess determinants which are specific to IgG, IgA, or IgM. The IgD proteins possess their own specific antigenic determinants. IgD migrates in the fast γ-region on immunoelectrophoresis. The properties on sephadex gel filtration and DEAE cellulose chromatography are described. IgD was found to have a median level of 0.03 mg/ml in 100 normal serums. The range of concentrations found in individual normal serums is much wider, however, than that of other classes of immunoglobulins. IgD, on the average, accounts for less than 1 per cent of the normal serum immunoglobulins.
A study of the intrarenal recycling of urea in the rat with chronic experimental pyelonephritis.
Authors: R M Gilbert, H Weber, L Turchin, L G Fine, J J Bourgoignie, N S Bricker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

The concentrating ability of the kidney was studied by clearance and micropuncture techniques and tissue slice analyses in normal rats with two intact kidneys (intact controls), normal rats with a solitary kidney (uninephrectomized controls), and uremic rats with a single pyelonephritic kidney. Urinary osmolality after water deprivation for 24 h and administration of antidiuretic hormone was 2,501+/-217 and 2,874+/-392 mosmol/kg H2O in intact and uninephrectomized control rats, respectively, and 929+/-130 mosmol/kg H2O in pyelonephritic rats (P less than 0.001 compared to each control group). Fractional water reabsorption and concentrating ability were significantly decreased in the pyelonephritic group, and, to achieve an equivalent fractional excretion of urea, a greater fractional excretion of water was required in the pyelonephritic rats than in the control rats. Whole animal glomerular filtration rate was 1.57+/-0.19 ml/min and 1.39+/-0.18 ml/min in intact and in uninephrectomized controls, respectively, and 0.30+/-0.07 ml/min in pyelonephritic rats (P less than 0.001 compared to each control group). Single nephron glomerular filtration rate was 35.6+/-3.8 nl/min in intact control rats and was significantly increased (P less than 0.05) in both uninephrectomized (88.0+/-10.8 nl/min) and pyelonephritic rats (71.5+/-14.4 nl/min). In all groups fractional water delivery and fractional sodium delivery were closely comparable at the end of the proximal convoluted tubule and at the beginning of the distal convoluted tubule. In contrast, fractional urea delivery out of the proximal tubule was greater in the intact control group (73+/-8%) than in either the uninephrectomized (52+/-2%) or the pyelonephritic group (53+/-3%) (P less than 0.005). Fractional urea delivery at the early part of the distal tubule increased significantly to 137+/-11% and 93+/-6% of the filtered load in intact control and uninephrectomized control rats, respectively (P less than 0.001 compared to the late proximal values of each group), but failed to increase significantly in pyelonephritic rats (65+/-13%), indicating interruption of the normal recycling of urea in the latter group. Analysis of tissue slices demonstrated a rising corticopapillary gradient for total tissue water solute concentration as well as for tissue water urea concentration in both groups of control rats. In contrast, the pyelonephritic animals exhibited no similar gradients from cortex to papilla. These data indicate that the pyelonephritic kidney fails to recycle urea and accumulate interstitial solute. The latter must inevitably lead to a concentrating defect.
Distinct lineages of TH1 cells have differential capacities for memory cell generation in vivo
Authors: Chang-you Wu, Joanna R. Kirman, Masashi J. Rotte, Dylan F. Davey, Steve P. Perfetto, Elizabeth G. Rhee, Brenda L. Freidag, Brenna J. Hill, Daniel C. Douek, Robert A. Seder
Journal: Nature Immunology (2002)
Individual and Institutional Liability for Transfusion-Acquired Diseases
Authors: Beth Rabkin
Journal: JAMA (1986)

A 1985<i>JAMA</i>SPECIAL COMMUNICATION<sup>1</sup>presented a rather pessimistic view of the risk of liability to hospitals, blood banks, and physicians for transfusion-associated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Relatively recent alterations in the legal classification of blood and blood products, now statutory law in 45 of the 50 states (exceptions are New York, New Jersey, Minnesota, New Hampshire, and Vermont), have modified the outlook for those at risk of transfusion-associated AIDS lawsuits. Under current law, a blood recipient who suffers a transfusion-related injury or contracts a transfusion-related disease may only prevail in court if actual negligence on the part of the blood bank, hospital, and/or physician is proved. Negligence only exists where the defendants fail to follow generally accepted professional guidelines including those relating to informed consent, indications for transfusion, and emergency and nonemergency situations. In this instance, the screening guidelines of the American Association of Blood Banks or other
Abstract 5558: Persistent induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A1 in human lung cell line, H358, by 3-methylcholanthrene: Implications for pulmonary carcinogenesis by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Bhagavatula Moorthy, Weiwu Jiang, Lihua Wang, Chun Chu
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Humans are constantly exposed to environmental carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) through cigarette smoke, diesel exhausts, charcoal-broiled meats, etc. Cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) enzymes play important roles in the activation of PAHs such as 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) to carcinogenic DNA-binding metabolites, which could in turn lead to pulpmnary carcinogenesis. We recently reported that MC elicits persistent induction of hepatic and pulmonary CYP1A1 in mice by mechanisms other than persistence of the parent MC, and that this phenomenon contributes to pulmonary carcinogenesis. The regulation of CYP1A1 in human lung is not well understood as MC fails to induce CYP1A1 in many lung cells lines, including A549 cells. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that MC elicits persistent induction of CYP1A1 in the human bronchoalveolar cell line, H358. H358 cells were exposed to MC (2.5 µM) dissolved in DMSO, or DMSO alone as controls. At different time points, CYP1A1 activities were determined by measuring the activities of ethoxyresorufin O-dethylase (EROD). CYP1A1 apoprotein and mRNA expression were determined by Western blotting and real time RT-PCR, respectively. MC induced CYP1A1 activities by 8-fold at 8 h, and this effect was persistent even at 72 h. This was accompanied by persistent expression of CYP1A1 apoprotein. Real-time RT-PCR showed that 8 h treatment with 2.5 µM MC induced mRNA of CYP1A1 by 850-fold, and the effect was persistent up to 72 h. These results suggest that the H358 cell line could be an excellent model to study the molecular mechanisms of CYP1A1 regulation by MC in the human lung. Since lung is a target organ for pulmonary carcinogenesis in humans exposed to environmental pollutants such as cigarette smoke, further studies could lead to improved understanding of the mechanisms of pulmonary carcinogenesis, which could in turn lead to the development of rational strategies for the prevention/treatment of lung cancers in humans. (Supported by NIH grant ES009132.) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5558. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5558
An Area within Human Ventral Cortex Sensitive to “Building” Stimuli
Authors: Geoffrey K Aguirre, E Zarahn, M D’Esposito
Journal: Neuron (1998)

Isolated, ventral brain lesions in humans occasionally produce specific impairments in the ability to use landmarks, particularly buildings, for way-finding. Using functional MRI, we tested the hypothesis that there exists a cortical region specialized for the perception of buildings. Across subjects, a region straddling the right lingual sulcus was identified that possessed the functional correlates predicted for a specialized building area. A series of experiments discounted several alternative explanations for the behavior of this site. These results are discussed in terms of their impact upon our understanding of the functional structure of visual processing, disorders of topographical disorientation, and the influence of environmental conditions upon neural organization.
Caring for the Uninsured and Underinsured
Authors: John S. Schweppe
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Physicians for a National Health Program<sup>1</sup>ascribe the high cost of medical care to administrative waste. Too many payers complicate our payment method. A monopsonistic system with only one payer would drastically reduce administrative expenses incurred. The funds saved would go a long way toward paying for the 35 million persons listed as indigent, nonreceivers of medical care. Perhaps the monopsonistic system will be introduced state by state. The Canadian system has been touted as being the model for a new approach to health care provision. It may be that such a system would not be viable in the United States because of society's demands for immediate treatment. Medicare is adequate for care of the elderly. Could this diagnosis related group system not be extended to cover those 21 to 65 years of age under a national comprehensive health care system? If so, how are we
The Genetics of Major Depression
Authors: Jonathan Flint, Kenneth S. Kendler
Journal: Neuron (2014)

Major depression is the commonest psychiatric disorder and in the U.S. has the greatest impact of all biomedical diseases on disability. Here we review evidence of the genetic contribution to disease susceptibility and the current state of molecular approaches. Genome-wide association and linkage results provide constraints on the allele frequencies and effect sizes of susceptibility loci, which we use to interpret the voluminous candidate gene literature. We consider evidence for the genetic heterogeneity of the disorder and the likelihood that subtypes exist that represent more genetically homogenous conditions than have hitherto been analyzed. Major depression is the commonest psychiatric disorder and in the U.S. has the greatest impact of all biomedical diseases on disability. Here we review evidence of the genetic contribution to disease susceptibility and the current state of molecular approaches. Genome-wide association and linkage results provide constraints on the allele frequencies and effect sizes of susceptibility loci, which we use to interpret the voluminous candidate gene literature. We consider evidence for the genetic heterogeneity of the disorder and the likelihood that subtypes exist that represent more genetically homogenous conditions than have hitherto been analyzed.
The mouse mammary tumor virus envelope gene product is required for superantigen presentation to T cells.
Authors: T V Golovkina, A Chervonsky, J A Prescott, C A Janeway, S R Ross
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Transgenic mice expressing either the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) superantigen gene (sag) alone or in combination with the viral envelope genes (env) (LEL), or all of the viral genes (gag, pol, env, and sag) (HYB PRO), deleted V beta 14+ T cells from their immune repertoire. However, only LEL or HYB PRO transgenic antigen-presenting cells were capable of stimulating a proliferative response from nontransgenic primary T cells or interleukin 2 production from a V beta 15-bearing T cell hybridoma. These T cell responses could be inhibited by a monospecific antibody directed against the MMTV gp52 cell surface glycoprotein. These results indicate that the MMTV gp52 gene product participates in the presentation of superantigen to T cells, resulting in their stimulation, a requisite step in the MMTV infection pathway. Thus, gp52 could play a role in the transfer of virus between different subsets of lymphocytes.
Age-dependent increase in xanthine oxidoreductase differs in various heart cell types.
Authors: B Schoutsen, J W de Jong
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

Myocardial xanthine oxidase has been associated with reoxygenation injury induced by oxygen radicals. The damage due to myocardial ischemia and reperfusion increases with age; therefore, one would expect to find more xanthine oxidase in adult than in young hearts. Consequently, we studied the age-dependence of xanthine oxidoreductase activity in hearts, in addition to the localization of the enzyme in cultured rat-heart cells. We measured xanthine oxidase plus dehydrogenase activity in homogenates of hearts and in homogenates of cultured neonatal myocytes and nonmuscular cells. In rat heart homogenates, xanthine oxidoreductase increased from 0.5 +/- 0.1 mU/g wet wt (newborn, mean +/- SD) to 25 +/- 4 mU/g (age 15 weeks, p less than 0.001). The value for adult rabbit heart was more than 1,000 times lower and hardly detectable. Therefore, we did not study young rabbit hearts. In rat myocyte cultures, xanthine oxidoreductase activity increased from 4.2 +/- 1.6 mU/g protein (2nd day of culture) to 17 +/- 4 mU/g (4th day, p less than 0.005). The activity in nonmuscular cells increased much more, from 10.1 +/- 1.1 to 117 +/- 25 mU/g (p less than 0.002). The age-related increase of xanthine oxidoreductase activity in rat heart is in agreement with the implied role in reperfusion damage by the enzyme. Whether myocytes, in which the enzyme has a low activity, could be damaged in this way, remains to be studied.
Cell retargeting by bispecific monoclonal antibodies. Evidence of bypass of intratumor susceptibility to cell lysis in human melanoma.
Authors: P Nisticò, R Mortarini, L B De Monte, A Mazzocchi, M Mariani, F Malavasi, G Parmiani, P G Natali, A Anichini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Intratumor heterogeneity for susceptibility to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL)-mediated lysis represents a major obstacle to cancer adoptive immunotherapy. To overcome the heterogeneity observed in terms of susceptibility of target cells to cell-mediated lysis, in this study we used two purified bispecific monoclonal antibodies (bsmAbs) that recognize molecules expressed by cytotoxic effector cells (CD3 and IgG Fc receptorial molecules), as well as one high molecular weight melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA). The ability of these reagents to enhance or induce a relevant in vitro cytotoxic activity by a CTL clone (CTL 49) isolated from PBL of a melanoma patient was tested on a large panel of autologous and allogeneic melanoma cell lines and clones. Functional studies revealed that the CTL 49 clone lysed all the HMW-MAA+ tumor lines in the presence of bsmAbs and that these reagents affected the target lysis in a cooperative fashion. The effectiveness of bsmAbs in overcoming the heterogeneous susceptibility of human melanoma cells to cell-mediated lysis may find practical implications in cancer adoptive immunotherapy.
Ionized and Total Serum Calcium and Parathyroid Hormone in Hyperthyroidism
Authors: KENNETH D. BURMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Total and ionized calcium concentrations as well as parathyroid hormone levels were measured in a group of hyperthyroid persons. Ionized and total calcium levels were elevated in 21 of 45 (47%) and in 12 of 45 (27%) thyrotoxic patients, respectively. Mean ionized and total calcium levels were higher in these 45 patients than in normal persons. Using two different radioimmunoassay systems for a total of 44 determinations, mean parathyroid hormone levels were lower in thyrotoxic patients than in subjects with proved hyperparathyroidism. These data suggest that [1] elevations of both ionized and total calcium concentrations occur frequently in thyrotoxic patients; [2] ionized calcium concentrations may be elevated in a higher percentage of hyperthyroid subjects than are total calcium concentrations; and [3] the hypercalcemia associated with thyrotoxicosis is not associated with elevated parathyroid hormone levels.
Clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural features of the corneal dystrophy caused by the R124L mutation of the BIGH3 gene
Authors: Paul Dighiero, Sophie Valleix, François D’Hermies, Séverine Drunat, Pierre Ellies, Michèle Savoldelli, Yves Pouliquen, Marc Delpech, Jean-Marc Legeais, Gilles Renard
Journal: Ophthalmology (2000)