tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In Vitro and In Vivo Refractoriness to Thyrotropin Stimulation of Iodine Organification and Thyroid Hormone Secretion
Authors: James B. Field, Andrew Dekker, Gail Titus, Mary Eleanor Kerins, William Worden, Rosalyn Frumess
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

Earlier studies indicated that initial exposure of thyroid slices to thyrotropin diminished responsiveness of the adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP system, glucose oxidation, and 32Pi incorporation into phospholipids upon readdition of the hormone. The present studies demonstrate that slices from dog, beef, and human thyroid glands initially incubated with thyrotropin (TSH) were less responsive to subsequent addition of the hormone when organification of iodide was examined. Increasing the amount of TSH did not overcome the refractoriness induced by the initial exposure to the hormone. Furthermore, the stimulatory effects of dibutyryl cyclic AMP and prostagladin E1 were abolished in slices previously incubated with TSH. Development of such refractoriness did not depend upon new protein synthesis and was not abolished by 1 mM prophylthiouracil in the first incubation. Addition of 0.1 μM thyroxine or triiodothyronine or 1.5 μM iodide during all three incubations did not modify the response to TSH, added for the first time in the third incubation. However, 1 mM iodide in the buffer during all three incubations inhibited the response to TSH during the third incubation. During the refractory period, effects of TSH on colloid droplet formation were also diminished. The in vivo effect of TSH on serum l- triiodothyronine in rats was significantly reduced when the rats had been injected with TSH 8 h earlier. These studies demonstrate that TSH-induced refractoriness also includes effects on organification of iodine and secretion of thyroid hormone. The results cannot be adequately explained by unresponsiveness of adenylate cyclase because effects of dibutyryl cyclic AMP and prostagladin E1 were also inhibited by prior exposure to TSH.
Abstract 4766: Multivalent VRP-based anti-tumor immunotherapy is an effective therapeutic strategy in a rat model of breast cancer
Authors: Amanda K. Laust, Mikayel Mkrtichyan, Hayk Davtyan, Jivan Khlgatyan, Anahit Ghochikyan, Han Liu, Michael G. Agadjanyan, Edward L. Nelson
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract It is widely accepted that the genetic instability of a tumor results in both intra- and inter-tumoral genetic heterogeneity, which leads to heterogeneous tumor-associated antigen (TAA) expression and contributes to the outgrowth of antigen-loss variants in response to immunologic selective pressure. Using a rat neu encoding, alphavirus based virus-like replicon particle (VRP) with restricted in vivo tropism for dendritic cells in a fully tolerant Fisher 344 rat mammary tumor (13762 MAT B III) model, we previously demonstrated the ability to cure a modest proportion, 20-40%, of rats with pre-existing mammary tumors and observed the outgrowth of antigen loss variant tumors in a proportion of animals that ultimately succumbed to their tumor. Thus, we hypothesized that strategies targeting multiple tumor antigens would lead to improved treatment efficacy. Expression of the cancer testes antigen, Brother of Regulator of Imprinted Sites (BORIS) was confirmed in the 13762 MAT B III tumor. Rats with pre-existing tumors were treated with VRP encoding either the TAA rat neu or the BORIS target antigen, alone or in combination. We found that targeting either rat neu or BORIS alone was effective in treating a proportion of animals. Interestingly, administration of both VRP agents at a single anatomic site drastically decreased the treatment efficacy, by approximately 50%, while separating their administration into two separate anatomic sites enhanced the treatment efficacy over that provided by each agent alone, to &amp;gt;56% cure rate. Herein, we will present data addressing potential mechanisms for these treatment observations. To our knowledge, this is the first report of multivalent anti-tumor immunotherapy utilizing solely the VRP vector system. These data represent an exceptionally promising platform upon which to build more efficacious immunotherapeutic strategies including those targeting multiple defined TAAs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4766.
Determinants of Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise Performance in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: ASHISH R. SHAH, DAVID GOZAL, THOMAS G. KEENS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

We examined aerobic and anaerobic exercise performance in 17 subjects with cystic fibrosis (CF) (age 25+/-10 [SD] yr; 47% females; FEV1 62+/-21% pred) and 17 age- and sex-matched control subjects (age 25+/-8 [SD] yr; 41% females; FEV1 112+/-15% pred) in relation to pulmonary function and nutritional status. Aerobic capacity was determined as maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) (ml/kg/min) and anaerobic threshold (AT; ml VO2/kg/min) from a graded exercise stress test on an electronically braked bicycle ergometer. Anaerobic performance was assessed from the average work of two bouts of pedaling to exhaustion at a load corresponding to 130% Vo2max from graded exercise. Both aerobic and anaerobic performances were decreased in subjects with CF (p < 0.001). The duration of anaerobic exercise in subjects with CF was similar to control subjects. In control subjects, pulmonary function did not correlate to aerobic or anaerobic exercise. In subjects with CF significant relationships between FEV1, vital capacity, and FEF25-75% to AT were found, suggesting the pulmonary limitation to aerobic capacity. In both patients with CF and control subjects, lean body mass and arm muscle area significantly correlated with anaerobic performance but not with VO2max or AT. We conclude that nutritional status, rather than pulmonary function, is the major determinant of anaerobic exercise capacity in CF. The preserved duration of anaerobic exercise at equivalent workloads (corresponding to 130% of VO2max from graded exercise) suggests that readily available energy stores in muscle may be similar in CF and normal individuals.
Systemic Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors 1 and 2 Are Associated with Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy in Hispanics
Authors: Jane Z. Kuo, Xiuqing Guo, Ronald Klein, Barbara E. Klein, Jinrui Cui, Jerome I. Rotter, Eli Ipp, Yii-Der Ida Chen
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)
THE PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF CORONARY VESSEL DOMINANCE AS DETERMINED USING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Caroline E. Veltman, Fleur R. de Graaf, Jacob M. van Werkhoven, J. Wouter Jukema, Lucia J.M. Kroft, Albert de Roos, Jeroen J. Bax, Joanne D. Schuijf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
EXPERIMENTAL LIVER NECROSIS; III. NITROGENOUS METABOLISMS
Authors: Richard M. Pearce, Holmes C. Jackson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1907)

1. In focal and diffuse necroses of the liver due to haemotoxic sera there occurs an increased elimination of total nitrogen with a corresponding augmented output of urea. The ammonia excretion becomes slightly diminished at first, but later rises somewhat above normal. The undetermined nitrogen is markedly increased. 2. In diffuse degeneration with no necrosis on the other hand only a slightly increased output of total nitrogen is evident. A rearrangement of the urea-ammonia proportion occurs in that the ammonia excretion is augmented while the urea elimination is correspondingly diminished. The undetermined nitrogen rises but little. 3. In control experiments with normal serum no effect is produced. 4. These results would appear to indicate that in lesions characterized by uniform degeneration of the liver parenchyma, in contradistinction to necrosis, there occurs no increased nitrogen elimination but merely a disturbance of the urea-forming function of the cell without the appearance in the urine of products of autolysis. On the other hand in necrosis, of even considerable extent, the total-nitrogen is greatly augmented, as is also the rest-nitrogen; while the production of urea, on account of the persistence of normally functioning liver cells, remains relatively unchanged. This "factor of safety"(32) possessed by the liver is, we think, one of the most important results brought out in this investigation and must be given great weight in any consideration of the chemistry of hepatic disturbances.
Essential Hypertension in Childhood
Authors: Lorenzo C. Aschinberg
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Fifteen patients, aged 8 to 17 years, were found to have hypertension and were studied from February 1974 to December 1975. Hypertension was defined as supine diastolic blood pressure repeatedly above 90 mm Hg. Five patients had a family history of hypertension. Extensive diagnostic evaluation performed in all cases failed to show an underlying cause for the hypertension. Patients with target-organ involvement were treated with hydrochlorothiazide; five of them are currently normotensive. Of the remaining nine untreated patients, four became spontaneously normotensive within eight to 14 months of the initial evaluation. These results suggest that extensive studies in children with hypertension may not be necessary in every case if clinical findings meet the critiera for the diagnosis of essential hypertension. These studies might be desirable, however, if target-organ involvement is present. (<i>JAMA</i>238:322-324, 1977)
Treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon with large doses of triiodothyronine: a pilot study.
Authors: P H Dessein, R F Gledhill
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

rather than elderly.Our lady of 48 years had a physical state considerably more advanced than her years and not typical of others of her age.Although our unit has a paediatric interest, we continue to have a practice invol- ving all ages, and two of the authors consider themselves 'middle aged'.
Plasma catecholamines in patients with presinusoidal portal hypertension: Comparison with cirrhotic patients and nonportal hypertensive subjects
Authors: Christophe Gaudin, Alain Braillon, Jorge Luis Poo, Gerhard Kleber, Richard Moreau, Didier Lebrec
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

During a hemodynamic study, plasma catecholamine concentrations were measured in the pulmonary artery and in the hepatic vein in 18 presinusoidal portal hypertensive patients. Results were compared with those in 15 nonportal hypertensive subjects and in 24 cirrhotic patients in good condition (grade A, according to Pugh's classification). Plasma norepinephrine concentrations in the pulmonary artery or in the hepatic vein were not significantly different between nonportal hypertensive subjects (mean +/- S.E.M.: 271 +/- 36 and 83 +/- 11 pg/ml, respectively) and presinusoidal portal hypertensive patients (273 +/- 33 and 84 +/- 11 pg/ml, respectively). These concentrations were, however, elevated in cirrhotic patients (408 +/- 47 and 256 +/- 45 pg/ml, p less than 0.05 in comparison with the two other groups). These differences suggest that increased sympathetic nervous activity in cirrhosis is associated with the presence of liver disease or increase in sinusoidal pressure. Differences in plasma epinephrine concentrations were not significant among the three groups of patients. However, the existence of a significant correlation between pulmonary artery plasma epinephrine concentration and cardiac index (r2 = 0.46, p less than 0.01) in patients with presinusoidal portal hypertension suggests that the adrenal medulla could play a role in the pathophysiology of the hyperkinetic syndrome of these patients.
PROGNOSTIC ROLE OF POST-INFARCTION C-REACTIVE PROTEIN IN IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATOR PATIENTS: RESULTS OF THE CAMI GUIDE STUDY.
Authors: Luigi M. Biasucci, Fulvio Bellocci, Maurizio Landolina, Filippo Crea, Serafino Orazi, Massimo Sassara, Antonio Castro, Riccardo Massa, Antoine Kheir, Gabriele Zaccone, Filippo Achilli, Marcello Piacenti, Piergiorgio Golzio, Francesco Accardi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Dispersion of coronary artery thrombi by antagonism of platelet serotonin receptor in the dog
Authors: P. R Belcher, A. J Drake-Holland, J. Hynd, M. I M Noble
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Journal Article Dispersion of coronary artery thrombi by antagonism of platelet serotonin receptor in the dog Get access Philip R Belcher, Philip R Belcher Academic Unit of Cardiovascular Medicine, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, 17 Horseferry Road, London SWIP 2AP, United Kingdom Correspondence to Dr Belcher Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Angela J Drake-Holland, Angela J Drake-Holland Academic Unit of Cardiovascular Medicine, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, 17 Horseferry Road, London SWIP 2AP, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John Hynd, John Hynd Academic Unit of Cardiovascular Medicine, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, 17 Horseferry Road, London SWIP 2AP, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mark I M Noble Mark I M Noble Academic Unit of Cardiovascular Medicine, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, 17 Horseferry Road, London SWIP 2AP, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 3, March 1992, Pages 292–296, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.3.292 Published: 01 March 1992 Article history Received: 25 July 1991 Accepted: 23 October 1991 Published: 01 March 1992
The "public drunk".
Authors: P. M. O'Brien
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Herpes Simplex Cervicitis SIR, I was particularly interested in Dr. B. Naylor's comments on herpes simplex cervicitis (18 May, p. 428).It is true that an abundance of literature, mainly from North America, has been published on this subject.Since 1957 there have been eight publications, describing 65 cases, in which the virus has been isolated.'-5 However, it was the French physician Rollet who first recorded acute ulceration of the cervix asso- ciated with vaginal discharge, which was thought to be herpetic in origin.' " Dr. Naylor rightly draws attention to the presence of multinucleate giant cells (Tzank cells or virocytes) which may be found in cytological smears taken from cases of herpes simplex cervicitis.' Unless one is aware of their identity these cells may easily be con- fused with abnormal cells found in cancerous and precancerous conditions of the cervix, and their presence may lead to an erroneous diagnosis of malignant change."Recently in Manchester, with the collaboration of my colleague Dr. M. Longson, of the virology department, we have isolated a large pock- forming genital strain of Herpesvirus horninis from a cervix, which has also pro- duced large numbers of syncytia and multi- nucleate giant cells in tissue culture.It would seem to be the strain of virus which mimics carcinoma cell changes and for which cytologists and gynaecologists alike must remain vigilant.This is the first occasion on which an atypical strain of Herpesvirus hominis with such unusual characteristics has been isolated from a cervix, and a full report of the case will shortly be appearing."-I
GMC rules that misconduct of locum GP from Germany was "serious and appalling"
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Many patients with atrial septal defects (ASD) are asymptomatic and undiagnosed during the first few decades of life, but have overt heart failure, arrhythmias, cerebral infarction, and increased mortality in adults with advancing age. To provide a non-invasive, easy-to-use, and effective method for detecting ASD, we aimed to develop and validate a deep learning-based algorithm to diagnose ASD on chest radiographs. The ASD dataset was created from 173 chest radiographs of 74 patients with ASD and 170 chest radiographs of 100 patients without ASD. Convolutional neural network models (VGG16, ResNet50, DenseNet121, and Xception) for diagnosing ASD were pretrained using two different datasets, the large-scale real-world ImageNet dataset and the ChestX-ray14 dataset released by National Institutes of Health, followed by a round of training using the training set of the ASD dataset. Model performance was evaluated by five-fold stratified cross-validation. The best performance in ImageNet pretraining was achieved by ResNet50 model, and the cross-validation area under the curve (AUC) was 0.95, with sensitivity of 0.86, specificity of 0.87, and overall accuracy of 0.87. The best performance in ChestX-ray pretraining was achieved by Xception, and the cross-validation AUC was 0.93, with sensitivity of 0.85, specificity of 0.85, and overall accuracy of 0.85. The diagnostic performances of these models were comparable to those of cardiologists. Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping showed that the ImageNet-pretrained model focused on bilateral hilar regions, while the ChestX-ray14-pretrained model focused on areas around cardiac silhouette and lower lung fields. Our deep learning-based algorithms made a diagnosis of ASD on the input chest radiographs with high accuracy, and had potential to help clinicians make accurate diagnosis of ASD from routine chest radiography, leading to improvement of prognosis and quality of life in patients with ASD.
Analysis of loss-of-function variants and 20 risk factor phenotypes in 8,554 individuals identifies loci influencing chronic disease
Authors: Alexander H Li, Alanna C Morrison, Christie Kovar, L Adrienne Cupples, Jennifer A Brody, Linda M Polfus, Bing Yu, Ginger Metcalf, Donna Muzny, Narayanan Veeraraghavan, Xiaoming Liu, Thomas Lumley, Thomas H Mosley, Richard A Gibbs, Eric Boerwinkle
Journal: Nature Genetics (2015)
Defining Clinically Insignificant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Steven H. Woolf
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Dugan and colleagues<sup>1</sup>propose that a prostate cancer is clinically insignificant if it has a low ageadjusted Gleason score and will grow to no more than 20 cm<sup>3</sup>in volume by the time of expected patient death. These intriguing criteria, which interpret the risk of progression in the context of life expectancy, deserve further study. But the authors make several leaps in logic when they suggest that the formula "defines" clinically significant disease or that it proves that 85% to 100% of the prostate cancers removed at their institution are clinically significant. First, the conclusion assumes that their model for predicting tumor growth is reliable; however, the authors acknowledge that assumptions about fixed doubling times, life expectancy, and other estimates are open to question. Second, even if the model accurately predicts whether the tumor volume will exceed 20 cm<sup>3</sup>by the time
New Methods of Resuscitation
Authors: G. M. Hunter
Journal: BMJ (1963)

<h3>Background</h3> HBV and HCV share similar modes of transmission including the sexual route. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections among STD patients in Farwaniya region of Kuwait. <h3>Methods</h3> 1298 patients (1240 M, 58 F) presenting with history and/or signs and symptoms suggestive of an STD, seen over a period of one-year (January 2012 to December 2012) presenting to Farwania hospital dermatology department were included. Serology for HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis were done in all patients. HBV and HCV serology were performed in 1148 age and sex matched controls also, attending the same clinic with non-STD dermatological conditions. <h3>Results</h3> Mean age + SD of patients was 33.91+9.70 years (Age range: 19–58 years). Majority of the patients were heterosexual (99.6%). No history of blood transfusion, surgery, hospitalisation, parenteral drug use or traditional healing practises was found in any of the patients. Urethral discharge was the most common diagnosis (584), followed by genital warts (306), genital herpes (175), mollusca contagiosa (69) and syphilis (8). History of sexual encounter with concern/suspicion for an STD was reported by 166 patients. Most of the patients were expats. H/o recent travel was present in 159 patients. HCV was detected in 12/1298 patients (0.92%) and 6/1148 controls (0.52%). Serology for HBV and HIV were negative in all patients as well as controls. <h3>Discussion</h3> Sexual transmission of HCV is low and controversial especially among monogamous heterosexuals. It is being recognised as an emerging STD among HIV positive homosexuals. Detection of HCV among more number of STD patients (0.92%) without other risk factors, compared to non-STD dermatology patients (0.52%) in Farwania, Kuwait emphasises that sexual transmission of HCV is possible. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Patients with STDs are at risk for HCV infection and should be tested for HCV serology during their work-up.
Oral Contraceptives and Thromboembolic Disease
Authors: Victor A. Drill
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The questions and comments made by several correspondents (220:416,1972) relative to our recent publications<sup>1,2</sup>on oral contraceptives and thromboembolic disease may be answered briefly, as follows: The overall association of risk of hospital admission calculated by Dr. Sartwell from his pooled data is given on page 586.1 My further comments relative to the significance or lack of significance of hospital admission risk for individual cities or for specific diagnostic classifications are based on the individual statistical calculations given in Table 9 of his paper. The comment on studies involving between 1,000 and 2,000 womanyears of experience is of interest, but the incidence of 2.3±0.4 is not above the normal incidence for thromboembolic disease. If the premise had been examined further, it would have been noted that it is not supported by studies involving less than 1,000 woman-years of experience; in 53 such studies the
Chemotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Waun Ki Hong, Richard Bromer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

SQUAMOUS-CELL carcinoma of the head and neck accounts for five per cent of the cases of cancer in the United States. Only one third of patients with this neoplasm present with localized disease easily curable by surgery and radiation. These treatment methods, however, have not provided adequate tumor control in the majority of patients who present with advanced local and regional disease. Local recurrences occur in up to 60 per cent of these patients, and distant metastases develop in 20 to 30 per cent; survival remains poor (0 to 40 per cent).1 , 2 Until recently, chemotherapy has been reserved only for . . .
Effect of Acute Fat Loads on Serum Lipids in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Louis HORLICK
Journal: Circulation Research (1957)

Since the imposition of a lipid load might uncover latent defects in lipid absorption or transport, "normal" individuals, and those with atherosclerosis, were subjected to test meals of butter fat, and qualitative and quantitative aspects of serum lipids and lipoproteins were measured. In contrast to the metabolic defects in diabetes mellitus which can be uncovered by a glucose load, the metabolic faults in atherosclerosis are not readily infuenced by single or repeated high fat meals.