tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Elastolytic Metalloproteinases Produced by Human Mononuclear Phagocytes: Potential Roles in Destructive Lung Disease
Authors: Steven D. Shapiro
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Mononuclear phagocytes have the capacity to produce an array of MMPs. Several of these proteinases are capable of degrading insoluble elastin, an important component for the structural stability of the lung. Matrilysin is a low molecular weight proteinase with a broad substrate specificity produced at highest levels in in vitro differentiated monocytes. The 92-kD gelatinase is a major product of human alveolar macrophages that is also an elastase. The most newly described member of the MMP family is human macrophage metalloelastase. This enzyme is also expressed in alveolar macrophages derived from cigarette smokers. Determining the contribution of these and other elastolytic proteinases to the pathogenesis of emphysema is a focus of ongoing research.
Usefulness of colonoscopic examination with indigo carmine in diagnosing microscopic colitis
Authors: G. Suzuki, M. Mellander, A. Suzuki, C. Rubio, R. Lambert, J. Björk, P. Schmidt
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Microscopic colitis, comprising collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis, is epitomized by chronic watery diarrhea, endoscopically normal colonic mucosa, and characteristic histopathological features. Reports on chromoendoscopic findings in microscopic colitis are scarce and in this paper we describe such findings. We have examined 13 patients with microscopic colitis by means of chromoendoscopy with indigo carmine 0.2 % – 0.5 %. In all 13 cases continuous mucosal changes were seen, with disappearance of innominate grooves or with irregularity of grooves. The segmental distribution of abnormal chromoendoscopic findings corresponded almost completely with the microscopic features. A diffuse mosaic pattern was found in five of 10 cases of collagenous colitis and in all three cases of lymphocytic colitis. Uneven surface was seen in four cases of collagenous colitis, one of collagenous colitis in remission, and one of lymphocytic colitis, and a nodular surface was recorded in five cases of collagenous colitis but in none of the lymphocytic colitis cases. If these findings can be reproduced in larger series of microscopic colitis cases, the need for biopsies as a diagnostic tool might be restricted to patients where chromoendoscopy shows clear mucosal changes, thereby saving costs and limiting possible complications associated with multiple biopsies.
Functions of BET proteins in erythroid gene expression
Authors: Aaron J. Stonestrom, Sarah C. Hsu, Kristen S. Jahn, Peng Huang, Cheryl A. Keller, Belinda M. Giardine, Stephan Kadauke, Amy E. Campbell, Perry Evans, Ross C. Hardison, Gerd A. Blobel
Journal: Blood (2015)
Children's health and the environment: public health issues and challenges for risk assessment.
Authors: Philip J Landrigan, Carole A Kimmel, Adolfo Correa, Brenda Eskenazi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Infants and children are not little adults. They are uniquely vulnerable to environmental toxicants. To protect infants and children against toxicants, the National Research Council in 1993 called for development of an approach to risk assessment that considers children's unique patterns of exposure and their special vulnerabilities to pesticides. Many aspects of that call were codified into federal law in the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996. This report highlights the central elements needed for development of a child-protective approach to risk assessment: a) improved quantitative assessment of children's exposures at different life stages, from fetal life through adolescence, including acute and chronic exposures, exposures via multiple routes, and exposures to multiple agents; b) development of new approaches to toxicity testing of chemicals that can detect unanticipated and subtle outcomes and that evaluate experimental subjects over the entire life span from early exposure to natural death to replicate the human experience; c) development of new toxicodynamic and toxicokinetic models that account for the unique physiologic characteristics of infants and children; d) development of new approaches to assessment of outcomes, functional, organ, cellular and molecular, over the entire life span; these measures need to be incorporated into toxicity testing and into long-term prospective epidemiologic studies of children; and e) application of uncertainty and safety factors in risk assessment that specifically consider children's risks. Under FQPA, children are presumed more vulnerable to pesticides than adults unless evidence exists to the contrary. Uncertainty and safety factors that are protective of children must therefore be incorporated into risk assessment when data on developmental toxicity are lacking or when there is evidence of developmental toxicity. The adequate protection of children against toxic agents in the environment will require fundamental and far-reaching revisions of current approaches to toxicity testing and risk assessment.
RETENTION OF URINE CAUSED BY ENLARGED PROSTATE AND RELIEVED BY PROSTATECTOMY.
Authors: GEORGE W. KING
Journal: JAMA (1906)

<h3>Patient's History.</h3> —Twelve years ago the patient had an attack of retention while out prospecting and had to travel a distance of fifty miles to reach medical aid. He was easily relieved by the use of a catheter and instructed in the care and use of the instrument. By its aid he was enabled to go on with comparative comfort until a recent date. For many years he has resided alone in a cabin situated near an infrequently traveled road, and when the present attack of retention came on there was no available way of securing assistance. He had been a sailor at one period of his career and having a flag in his possession he naturally conceived the idea of floating it at half mast as a distress signal. After some days, fortunately, it attracted the attention of a passerby who went into the cabin, and, discovering his condition,
Clonal duplication of a germline PTPN11 mutation due to acquired uniparental disomy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia blasts from a patient with Noonan syndrome
Authors: A Karow, D Steinemann, G Göhring, H Hasle, J Greiner, A Harila-Saari, C Flotho, M Zenker, B Schlegelberger, C M Niemeyer, C P Kratz
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
OsteoSarcoma of Tibia Recurring in Stump of Thigh and Probably Affecting the Lung
Authors: J. Ewens
Journal: BMJ (1878)

Et BhhTITA 21tA7ICAL .7t!RA.AL. ('teb.9, r%}.which was about the size of a thick goose quill.The ligature was carried around it in the same 'manner as in the case of the other vessels.
PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN CHILDHOOD AND YOUTH A MEANS OF PREVENTING DISEASE.
Authors: C. F. ULRICH
Journal: JAMA (1895)

The time is rapidly approaching when the prevention of disease will be regarded as of infinitely more importance than its cure. The medical profession, although not absolutely pure, is<i>par excellence</i>, a benevolent and unselfish body. Where will you find a set of men who do so much for the general welfare, although their efforts tend continually to diminish their own profits and curtail their own income, as the medical brotherhood? Herculean labors have been performed by the fraternity to improve the water supply of our cities for the purpose of preventing disease and diminishing the death rate. Jenner's discovery, aided by a highly improved system of quarantine, has so diminished the ravages of variola that it is no longer a terror to any community, and its approach is not dreaded as in times past. Cholera has not the same terrors for us now that it had in days of
Risk of cancer in Finnish children living close to power lines.
Authors: P K Verkasalo, E Pukkala, M Y Hongisto, J E Valjus, P J Jarvinen, K V Heikkila, M Koskenvuo
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To investigate the risk of cancer in children living close to overhead power lines with magnetic fields of &gt; or = 0.01 microteslas (microT). DESIGN--Cohort study. SETTING--The whole of Finland. SUBJECTS--68,300 boys and 66,500 girls aged 0-19 years living during 1970-89 within 500 m of overhead power lines of 110-400 kV in magnetic fields calculated to be &gt; or = 0.01 microT. Subjects were identified by record linkages of nationwide registers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Numbers of observed cases in follow up for cancer and standardised incidence ratios for all cancers and particularly for nervous system tumours, leukaemia, and lymphoma. RESULTS--In the whole cohort 140 cases of cancer were observed (145 expected; standardised incidence ratio 0.97, 95% confidence interval 0.81 to 1.1). No statistically significant increases in all cancers and in leukaemia and lymphoma were found in children at any exposure level. A statistically significant excess of nervous system tumours was found in boys (but not in girls) who were exposed to magnetic fields of &gt; or = 0.20 microT or cumulative exposure of &gt; or = 0.40 microT years. CONCLUSIONS--Residentia magnetic fields of transmission power lines do not constitute a major public health problem regarding childhood cancer. The small numbers do not allow further conclusions about the risk of cancer in stronger magnetic fields.
Autonomous Functioning Thyroid Nodules and 131I in Diagnosis and Therapy After 50 Years of Experience
Authors: Giuseppe Ronga, Mauro Filesi, Rosaria D’Apollo, Maria Toteda, Angelo Domenico Di Nicola, Marzia Colandrea, Laura Travascio, Anna Rita Vestri, Teresa Montesano
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Autonomous functioning thyroid nodules (AFTN), defined as "hot nodules" at thyroid scan, are often cured by radioiodine treatment. The aim of our study was to investigate the long-term outcome in patients treated with an 131I calculated dose, to identify a possible "size-tailored" dose, and to simplify follow-up procedures.Retrospective analysis was carried out on 1402 cases, covering a period of 50 years, of AFTN treated with an 131I calculated dose. Our study focused on nodular size and mean administered dose. Concordance between thyroid scan and serum TSH levels at 3-6 months from treatment was considered.A single 131I dose was effective for the vast majority of patients (93%). The outcome was influenced by nodular size. On the basis of the Italian dose limit for outpatient treatment, our population was divided into subgroups according to administered doses (more or less than 16 mCi) and nodular dimensions: no differences in outcome were observed for each class of nodule size. A dose ≤10 mCi was effective on the smaller nodules (50.1% of our population). The agreement between TSH and scan after treatment was 90.3% at 3 months and 94.5% at 6 months.131I therapy with a calculated dose is an effective treatment of AFTN. If a fixed dose is chosen, 16 mCi is often resolutive and for nodules <3 cm a dose of 10 mCi can suffice. Nodules >5 cm are eligible for surgery. TSH is the only parameter required to evaluate the outcome.
Abstract 5663: Docosahexaenoic acid protects against UV-induced oxidative stress through upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H: Quinone oxidoreductase in mouse epidermal cells
Authors: Hyun Jung Park, Jun-Wan Shin, Young Joon Surh
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract UV radiation is an important environmental factor in the pathogenesis of skin aging and cancer. Exposure of mammalian skin to UV results in oxidative damage, caused by increased cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These include DNA breaks, protein inactivation, altered gene expression, loss of membrane lipid-bound essential polyunsaturated fatty acids and apoptosis. Omega-3 fatty acids, which occur at high levels in some fish oils, are known to have ROS scavenging activity and exert protective effects against photoaging and cancer. Their chemopreventive effects against UV-induced carcinogenesis are thought to be mediated through induction of antioxidant / phase 2 detoxifying enzymes, which are involved in elimination of ROS. In our present study, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a representative ω-3 fatty acid, significantly up-regulated the expression of two representative antioxidant enzymes, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) in a time-dependent manner with maximal induction observed at 12 hr and 24 hr, respectively in mouse epidermal JB6 cells. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 is a principal transcription factor that plays a pivotal role in the induction of many genes encoding antioxidant and other cytoprotective proteins. DHA (50 μM) treatment enhanced nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and its subsequent binding to antioxidant response element (ARE). DHA treatment increased the activity of mouse HO-1 promoter in JB6 cells as as assessed by the luciferase reporter assay. siRNA knock down of Nrf2 abrogated DHA-induced expression of HO-1 and NQO1. Moreover, DHA pretreatment significantly suppressed intracellular ROS formation in response to UVB. Over expression of HO-1 vector in JB6 cell abolished the ROS generation induced by UVB. These findings, taken together, suggest that DHA exerts protective effects against UVB-induced oxidative stress in mouse epidermal cells through Nrf2-induced expression of HO-1 and NQO1. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5663.
Brief Communication: Atrial–Esophageal Fistulas after Radiofrequency Ablation
Authors: Jennifer E. Cummings, Robert A. Schweikert, Walid I. Saliba, J. David Burkhardt, Fethi Kilikaslan, Eduardo Saad, Andrea Natale
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Ablation of atrial fibrillation is generally considered safe and effective. However, atrial-esophageal fistulas have recently been reported as a rare but fatal complication.To describe 9 patients with atrial-esophageal fistulas after ablation for atrial fibrillation.Retrospective case series.Institutions where cardiologists performed atrial fibrillation ablation procedures.9 patients with atrial-esophageal fistulas after atrial fibrillation ablation.Demographic characteristics, mortality, presenting signs and symptoms, and days to presentation.Patients presented a mean of 12.3 days (range, 10 to 16 days) after their procedures. Nonspecific symptoms included fever, leukocytosis, and neurologic abnormalities. All patients died. Only 4 patients received correct diagnoses before death, although all patients presented to a physician. In 3 patients, surgical repair was attempted.Few physicians reported cases, and only approximate numbers of procedures performed by the physicians are known. Thus, the authors could not estimate the incidence of atrial-esophageal fistulas after ablation.Formation of atrial-esophageal fistulas is a rare but potentially devastating complication of atrial fibrillation ablation. This disorder may have an indolent presentation and may mimic other disease states, such as stroke or sepsis.
MRI versus CT-based thrombolysis treatment within and beyond the 3 h time window after stroke onset: a cohort study
Authors: Martin Köhrmann, Eric Jüttler, Jochen B Fiebach, Hagen B Huttner, Stefan Siebert, Christian Schwark, Peter A Ringleb, Peter D Schellinger, Werner Hacke
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2006)
Estimated Automobile Accident Mortality
Authors: Howard Pyle
Journal: JAMA (1968)

To the Editor:—  The editorial entitled Grisly Pastime ( 204 :625, 1968) calls for our concerned reply.  Please be assured we do not consider estimating the tragic totals for holiday traffic accidents a form of sports reporting as the editorial suggests. Decidedly to the contrary, the National Safety Council finds supplying the information one of its more painful and saddening obligations.  Furthermore, the Council's obligation is by no means primarily to the newspapers, television, and radio. It is essentially to the motoring public; in an effort to get people to where they are going and back again, with less pain, grief, and tragedy. The obligation is based on the Council's knowledge that death rates for motor vehicle accidents are higher during holidays than they are during comparable nonholiday periods. For traffic deaths, the number that occurred during five holidays in the three years 1965 through 1967 was 26% higher than that
Recurrent Genital Herpes and Suppressive Oral Acyclovir Therapy
Authors: SANDRA NUSINOFF LEHRMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

To evaluate the association between in-vitro resistance of herpes simplex virus type 2 to acyclovir and breakthrough recurrences of herpes despite chronic suppressive therapy, we determined the in-vitro sensitivity of herpes simplex virus isolated before, during, and after therapy. One hundred eighty-three virus isolates from 107 patients were tested. Before therapy, the median amount of drug required to inhibit 50% of the virus in tissue culture (ID50) was 0.91 µg/mL. The median ID50 after therapy was 0.99. Six isolates from patients with culture-positive breakthrough recurrences were evaluated. The median ID50 was 0.90 µg/mL (range, 0.39 to 1.55). The development of breakthrough recurrences could not be correlated with infection with strains of herpes simplex virus type 2 that were resistant to acyclovir in vitro. Acyclovir-resistant strains are not commonly recovered from patients during acyclovir therapy, nor does there seem to be a high frequency of resistance after 4 months of chronic suppressive therapy.
Clinical Concepts of Infectious Diseases
Authors: Harry F. Dowling
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Ever since the last edition of Zinsser's<i>Immunology</i>in 1939, physicians and students have needed a book which considers, in more detail than a textbook can, the concepts that underlie the diagnosis and management of the infectious diseases. This book shows promise of filling the need. The authors say that they have "arbitrarily chosen to cover aspects of host resistance which have clear clinical implications." In the first two sections, entitled "Mechanisms and Disorders of Resistance to Infections" and "General Problems of Infectious Diseases" and in the fourth section on the "Management and Prevention of Infectious Diseases" they have succeeded quite well. These sections will repay reading by practicing physician and student alike and will also serve as a valuable source of reference when problems in diagnosis and treatment arise. The third section, discussing a number of specific infectious diseases, brings out many significant points about these diseases, in general,
Regulated Expansion of Human Pancreatic β-Cells
Authors: Eszter Pais, Jean Park, Tamas Alexy, Vahagn Nikolian, Shundi Ge, Kit Shaw, Shantha Senadheera, Cinnamon L Hardee, Dianne Skelton, Roger Hollis, Gay M Crooks, Donald B Kohn
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

Although pancreatic beta-cell transplantation may serve as a potential cure for diabetes mellitus (DM), limited donor tissue availability poses a major challenge. Thus, there is a great demand to find new sources for pancreatic beta-cells. Here, we present a lentiviral vector-based approach to achieve beta-cell proliferation through the beta-cell-specific activation of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/cmet signaling pathway. The methodology is based on the beta-cell-specific expression of a ligand-inducible, chimeric receptor (F36Vcmet), under transcriptional control of the promoter from the human insulin gene, and its ability to induce HGF/cmet signaling in the presence of a synthetic ligand (AP20187). High transduction efficiency of human pancreatic islets was achieved utilizing this approach with chimeric receptor expression confined to the beta-cell population. In addition, specific proliferation of human pancreatic beta-cells was induced utilizing this approach. Selective, regulated beta-cell expansion may help to provide greater availability of cells for transplantation in patients with DM.
Quantitative Assessment of Cerebral Blood Flow in Partial Epilepsy Using Xe-133 Inhalation and SPECT
Authors: PATRIZIA PANTANO, CLAUDIA MATTEUCCI, VITTORIO DI PIERO, CARLO POZZILLI, MARIA TERESA FAEDDA, MARIA GRAZIA GRASSO, CORRADO ARGENTINO, GIORGIO CRUCCU, ANTONIO CAROLEI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

The Xe-133 inhalation method was used to study rCBF in 12 patients with partial epilepsy during the interictal phase. SPECT images evidenced a focal CBF defect in 10 out of 12 patients, while quantitative analysis showed CBF abnormalities in all the patients. The focal CBF defect corresponded to the site of EEG abnormalities in nine patients. Additional low-flow areas beyond the EEG focus were found. Five patients presented a significant CBF decrease in the cerebellar hemisphere contralateral to the EEG focus. In five patients with unilateral EEG abnormalities, a CBF reduction was found in the contralateral cerebral hemisphere, mirror to the EEG focus. Finally, a widespread CBF decrease involving one or both cerebral hemispheres was observed in seven patients. Global and rCBF values were not correlated with age, duration of disease, frequency of seizures, secondary generalization, or specific therapy. SPECT may be useful in evaluating EEG epileptic foci, and quantitative SPECT allows the detection of functional effects of the epileptic focus on anatomically connected remote areas, probably due to the decrease of afferent inputs (diaschisis phenomenon).
Physiologic Implications of a Hemoglobin with Decreased Oxygen Affinity (Hemoglobin Seattle)
Authors: George Stamatoyannopoulos, Julian T. Parer, Clement A. Finch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Three patients heterozygous for hemoglobin Seattle were found to be anemic, with hematocrit levels of 24 to 33 per cent. Urinary erythropoietin excretion was 1 to 4 units per day. This low value suggested that an adequate oxygen supply had been achieved. Ferrokinetic studies showed a submaximal erythropoietic response to anemia. Oxygen equilibrium curves were constructed from data obtained on whole blood; oxygen tension at 50 per cent saturation was found to be 41 to 44 mm of mercury at 38°C and pH 7.4. This decreased oxygen affinity was shown by the study of isolated hemoglobin fractions to be due to the presence of hemoglobin Seattle. The increased availability of oxygen in these patients permits a normal tissue oxygen tension at a hemoglobin level lower than that in the normal person. Thus, patients with hemoglobin Seattle seem to have a normal oxygen supply, and an equivalent decrease in hemoglobin concentration may compensate for the decreased oxygen affinity of hemoglobin.
The Adolescent in Psychotherapy
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1964)

That many contemporary adolescents show serious maladjustment and cause distress to their families, their communities, and themselves, is well known, and forms the subject of endless comments. Almost as extensive is the literature offering advice regarding the treatment of teenagers, but, unfortunately, much of this advice seems based on wishful thinking rather than successful accomplishment. Dr. Holmes here offers us something much better— the results of his experience on the Adolescent Service of the University of Michigan Medical Center. This service accepts seriously disturbed patients 13 to 16 years of age, who are able to take part in a high school program. They receive intensive treatment on a semi-open ward. Dr. Holmes discusses, with interesting illustrative examples, many aspects of adolescent development and problems, but the book deals mainly with the treatment of the unhappy, uncooperative, aggressive youngsters, all diagnosed as having personality pattern disturbances or character disorders. Anyone who