tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Fading Menace of Chronic Hepatitis
Authors: Keith S. Henley, Henry D. Appelman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

EditorialsJune 1, 1975The Fading Menace of Chronic HepatitisKEITH S. HENLEY, M.D., F.A.C.P., F.R.C.P., HENRY D. APPELMAN, M.D.KEITH S. HENLEY, M.D., F.A.C.P., F.R.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, HENRY D. APPELMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-82-6-840 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptFor this editorial we define chronic hepatitis as histologically documented, prolonged, inflammatory disease of the liver, generally sparing the intrahepatic bile ducts, and unassociated with a readily identifiable etiologic agent other than perhaps the hepatitis B antigen in tissue or serum. The words "active" or "aggressive" will be used synonymously in relation to the clinical, biochemical, or histopathologic manifestations.Our objectives are [1] to describe briefly the spectrum encompassed by this term; [2] to emphasize that clinical, biochemical, and histopathologic features do not always coincide; [3] to provide a guide for the clinician through a confusing nomenclature; and [4] to...References1. RUBINPOPPER EH: The evolution of human cirrhosis deduced from observations in experimental animals. Medicine (Baltimore) 46:163-183, 1967 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. BOYERKLATSKIN JG: Patterns of necrosis in acute viral hepatitis. Prognostic value of bridging (subacute hepatic necrosis). N Engl J Med 283:1063-1071, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. SOLOWAYSUMMERSKILLBAGGENSTOSS RWA: Clinical, biochemical, and histological remission of severe chronic active liver disease: a controlled study of treatments and early prognosis. Gastroenterology 63:820-833, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. COOKMULLIGANSHERLOCK GRS: Controlled prospective trial of corticosteroid therapy in active chronic hepatitis. Q J Med 158:159-185, 1971 CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. Report from the Copenhagen Study Group for Liver Diseases. Sex, ascites and alcoholism in survival of patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med 291:271-273, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. STEWARTCLUFF RL: A review of medication errors and compliance in ambulant patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther 13:463-468, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByLiver Biopsy in Hemophilia AHENRY R. LESESNE, M.D., JOHN E. MORGAN, M.D., PHILIP M. BLATT, M.D., WILLIAM P. WEBSTER, D.D.S., HAROLD R. ROBERTS, M.D.Chronic HepatitisKEITH S. HENLEY, M.D., HENRY D. APPELMAN, M.D.Corticosteroid Therapy for Chronic Active HepatitisPAUL D. BERK, M.D., F.A.C.P., E. ANTHONY JONES, M.D., M.R.C.P., PAUL H. PLOTZ, M.D., F.A.C.P., LEONARD B. SEEFF, M.D., ELIZABETH C. WRIGHT, M.P.H.Chronic Hepatitis: TherapyPATRICK J. ROONEY June 1, 1975Volume 82, Issue 6Page: 840-841 Issue Published: June 1, 1975 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Genital warts: incidence of associated genital infections
Authors: G.R. KINGHORN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Two hundred and seventy-eight men and 200 women who presented to a Special Treatment Clinic with genital warts were screened for accompanying genital infections. One hundred and twenty-nine of 212 presentations (61%) in women compared to 98 of 303 presentations (32%) in men were accompanied by another genital infection P less than 0.001). Recurrent presentation with warts was commoner in men (P less than 0.001). In both sexes recurrences were less likely to be accompanied by another genital infection. (P less than 0.002). Yeasts (25%), C. vaginale (21%), N.gonorrhoea (12%) and T. vaginalis (12%) were the commonest pathogens in women. Non-specific genital infection (17%) and gonorrhoea (10%) were the commonest accompanying infections in men. The identification and treatment of these infections, especially in women, is important for the rapid eradication of warts, for, by increasing genital moisture they can create and maintain a favourable environment for wart proliferation. In addition to screening all patients with warts for other sexually transmitted diseases, women should be screened for yeasts and C. vaginale.
Abstract 1135: Hydrogen Peroxide Plays a Crucial Role in Coronary Microvascular Vasodilation with Increased Oxidative Stress in Right Ventricles of Pulmonary Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Masahito Kajiya, Yousuke Inai, Taro Morimoto, Tatsuo Iwasaki, Kousuke Endo, Satoshi Mohri, Toyotaka Yada, Keiji Naruse, Tohru Ohe, Fumihiko Kajiya
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is a well recognized candidate for EDHF. The aim of this study was to examine H 2 O 2 -EDHF function in coronary arterial microvessels under conditions of increased oxidative stress in RV of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Methods: Monocrotaline (60 mg/kg SC) was administrated in 5 week-age male Sprague-Dawley rats to induce PH (PH; n=52). Saline was injected in control rats (n=47). After 3 weeks, RV coronary arterioles (CA; 30 –100 μm) and small arteries (CSA; 100 –200 μm) were visualized in vivo using our intravital videomicroscopy. After cyclooxigenase blockade, Acetylcholine (ACh; 2 μg/kg/min IV) induced vasodilation was evaluated under three conditions; ACh alone, N ω nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), L-NAME+catalase. Differences of percentage vasodilation between ACh alone and L-NAME, and between L-NAME and L-NAME+catalase were used as relative indices for the contributions of NO and H 2 O 2 -EDHF, respectively. Malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma was measured with colormetric assay. Superoxide production in RV was determined by lucigenin-derived chemiluminescence. Results: RV systolic pressure was significantly increased in PH (75±13 vs. 31±3 mmHg; p&lt;0.05). In PH, Ach-induced vasodilation was significantly reduced in both CA and CSA compared with control (CA; 5.2±1.5% vs. 10.8±3.5%, CSA; 3.8±1.0% vs. 6.0±1.9%, both p&lt;0.05). Inhibition of vasodilation by L-NAME in PH was markedly decreased for both CA (from 4.0% to 1.0%) and CSA (from 3.6% to 1.0%) (both p&lt;0.05). Suppression of vasodilation by the addition of catalase in PH was decreased for CA (from 5.2% to 3.1%, p&lt;0.05), but maintained or even increasing tendency for CSA (from 1.7% to 2.0%, NS). Notably, the relative contribution of H 2 O 2 -EDHF in PH was greatly increased for both CA (from 48% to 60%) and CSA (from 28% to 53%) (both p&lt;0.05). Plasma MDA and RV superoxide in PH were markedly higher than those in control (MDA; 1.63±0.53 vs. 0.93±0.11 μm, superoxide; 290±52 vs 158±25 cpm/mg, both p&lt;0.05). Collectively, increased oxidative stress may augment H 2 O 2 produciton and contribute to the robust EDHF function. Conclusion: Under conditions of increased oxidative stress in PH, H 2 O 2 -EDHF plays a crucial role against NO dysfunction in RV coronary microcirculation.
The Management of Malignant Esophago-Respiratory Fistulas with a Cuffed Prosthesis
Authors: M. L. Hordijk, J. Dees, M. van Blankenstein
Journal: Endoscopy (1990)

Peroral intubation with a standard prosthesis fails to occlude inoperable malignant esophago-respiratory fistulas located above the narrowed segment, or when there is little or no stricture at all. Ten patients with malignant esophago-respiratory fistulas were intubated perorally with a prosthesis surrounded by a foam ruber cuff contained in a silicone sheath, in which a vacuum can be created. The type of fistula was esophago-bronchial in 6 patients, esophago-tracheal in 3 patients, and gastro-tracheal in 1 patient. The fistula was located above the stricture in 8 patients and in a malignancy without a stricture in 2 patients. The diameter of the opening of the fistula ranged between 1 and 3 cm. Complications with the cuffed tube were recurrent leakage after a period of 30 days in situ in 1 patient, and compression of the trachea immediately after intubation in 1 patient. Adequate palliation, that is, no symptoms related to the fistula, good transit of food and discharge from hospital within a few days was achieved in 9 patients for an average period of 37.2 days (10-84 days). The cuffed esophageal prosthesis can improve the quality of life in patients with malignant esophago-respiratory fistulas that do not respond to conventional intubation.
Unstable Angina
Authors: Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Circulation (1998)

nstable angina is a clinical syndrome, analogous to hypertension; it is not a specific disease, such as pneumococcal pneumonia.Unstable angina is commonly classified by use of simple clinical descriptors, such as the presence or absence of ischemic chest discomfort at rest, as well as ECG changes and biochemical markers of myocardial injury during and after ischemic episodes. 1Although these clinical descriptors are helpful in estimating prognosis and are used widely in determining the intensity of treatment, they provide little information regarding the cause of the syndrome.The management of any illness is improved immensely by the elucidation of its cause.For example, in patients with hypertension, identification of a specific pathogenesis, such as renovascular hypertension or mineralocorticoid-induced hypertension, allows for much more effective management than treatment based simply on the existence of hypertension of ill-defined cause.In unstable angina, it appears to be possible to distinguish 5 different, although not mutually exclusive, causes.These are summarized in the Table and are shown in Figure 1, an elaboration of a schema that was described previously.
A Conflict of Interest “Revisited”: The Use of Stereotypes
Authors: Herman O. Klein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 May 1994A Conflict of Interest “Revisited”: The Use of StereotypesHerman O. Klein, MDHerman O. Klein, MDMeir General Hospital; Kafar Saba; IsraelSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-10-199405150-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Perhaps it is only my Semitic sensibility, but I can't escape the feeling that the name Isadore Lavinsky for the unethical lawyer in Dr. LaCombe's story [1] (in contrast to the “virtuous” lawyer who is describing Lavinsky) is so obviously Jewish that it seems designed to arouse anti-Semitic or latent anti-Semitic feelings in the reader. Are we witnessing the beginning of some coming anti-Semitic campaign in the guise of freedom of speech by amateur author physicians? Would Dr. LaCombe have countenanced a similar jibe at his own ancestors or coreligionists? Or did the editor of this rubric ...REFERENCE1. LaCombe MA. A conflict of interest. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119: 623-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Meir General Hospital; Kafar Saba; Israel PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 May 1994Volume 120, Issue 10Page: 893-894KeywordsConflicts of interestEmotions Issue Published: 15 May 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
The potential effect of global warming on the geographic and seasonal distribution of Phlebotomus papatasi in southwest Asia.
Authors: E R Cross, K C Hyams
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

The distribution of Phlebotomus papatasi in Southwest Asia is thought to be highly dependent on temperature and relative humidity. A discriminant analysis model based on weather data and reported vector surveys was developed to predict the seasonal and geographic distribution of P. papatasi in this region. To simulate global warming, temperature values for 115 weather stations were increased by 1 degree C, 3 degrees C, and 5 degrees C, and the outcome variable coded as unknown in the model. Probability of occurrence values were then predicted for each location with a weather station. Stations with positive probability of occurrence values for May, June, July, and August were considered locations where two or more life cycles of P. papatasi could occur and which could support endemic transmission of leishmaniasis and sandfly fever. Among 115 weather stations, 71 (62%) would be considered endemic with current temperature conditions; 14 (12%) additional stations could become endemic with an increase of 1 degree C; 17 (15%) more with a 3 degrees C increase; and 12 (10%) more (all but one station) with a 5 degrees C increase. In addition to increased geographic distribution, seasonality of disease transmission could be extended throughout 12 months of the year in 7 (6%) locations with at least a 3 degrees C rise in temperature and in 29 (25%) locations with a 5 degrees C rise.
Misinterpretation of REE data in childhood
Authors: A. E. Wiskin, S. A. Wootton, R. M. Beattie
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Inflammation is thought to place a metabolic burden on the body which can be detected by raised resting energy expenditure (REE). Increased REE unmatched by dietary intake is frequently implicated as a cause of weight loss, poor nutritional status and growth failure in children with Crohn9s disease. However, there is equivocal evidence to support this in part due to ways in which REE is expressed. Our aim was to explore the relationships between different expressions of REE relative to body composition in children with Crohn9s disease <h3>Methods</h3> Children with Crohn9s disease recruited from the regional paediatric gastroenterology unit were studied between March 2009 and July 2010. REE was measured by indirect calorimetry, fat free mass (FFM) was derived from weight measurement and estimates of fat mass from skinfold thicknesses. <h3>Results</h3> 60 children were studied (39 male). Mean age 13 (range 6 to 17) years. There was a clear relationship between REE and weight r =0.83; p =0.00 and also between REE and FFM r=0.83; p =0.00. A common expression in published research is to correct REE for body size by expressing REE/kg FFM. REE/kg FFM was negatively associated with FFM r=-0.63; p =0.00. Thus children with lower FFM would have highest REE values. An alternative approach has been employed expressing REE/kg FFM<sup>0.5</sup>. In this cohort no relationship between REE/kg FFM<sup>0.5</sup> and fat free mass was evident r=−0.07; p=0.6. <h3>Conclusion</h3> These data highlight a well known principle that body size is related to REE. It also illustrates that expressing REE/kg FFM does not completely correct REE data for body size as there is still a significant relationship between the two variables. Expressing data as REE/kg FFM<sup>0.5</sup> does correct adequately for body size. Review of the literature shows that three studies have found raised REE/kg FFM in children with Crohn9s compared to controls and concluded that REE is higher in children with controls. However in all three studies the control groups were heavier than the Crohn9s groups. Thus REE/kg FFM is a misleading way to present REE data.
The High Risk Patient: Management of the Critically III
Authors: Robert W. Goldmann
Journal: JAMA (1995)

This nearly 1800-page text provides a novel approach to the intensive care unit (ICU) patient, whom the editors have attempted to place within the continuum of hospitalized patients. Major sections of the book are further divided into preICU, ICU, and post-ICU sections. In addition,<i>The High Risk Patient</i>is timely in its attempt to provide detailed information for prognostic and predictive efforts. Practical references to meta-analysis, APACHE (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation) severity scoring, and biostatistics are found throughout. Additionally, interrelated issues of critical care, such as nutrition and respiratory failure, are cross-linked. This text is unique in several areas, one of which is a detailed discussion of the skin as a critical organ. In addition, the chapters on minimizing the risk of liability and "Forgoing Life Support or Death Prolonging Therapy" are both current and relevant and can serve as a nidus for discussion in many ICUs. Particularly
John Andrew Burton
Authors: Stephen Hutchison, Malcolm Steven
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A pioneer of open heart surgeryBill Cleland was one of the surgeons who developed open heart surgery in London in the late 1950s.He was at Hammersmith Hospital in 1952-3 when Professor Dennis Melrose developed the first heart-lung machine.Melrose and Cleland conducted extensive animal tests before trying the machine in 1953 on patients whose prognosis was poor.In the early days there were postoperative deaths, which taught them the importance of meticulous postoperative care, and the clinical programme was restarted successfully in 1957.Cleland was one of the machine's earliest users, and it enabled him to perform a wide range of new operations, specialising in mitral valvotomy, the surgical treatment of ventricular septal defect, and aortic valve replacement.He was the first to operate on the newly identified condition of obstructive cardiomyopathy-known in the United States as hypertrophic subaortic stenosisby excising muscle from the interventricular septum via the aortic valve.Russian surgeons were impressed by Melrose's heart-lung machine, and Professor Aleksandr Bakulev from the then Soviet Union bought one; he then invited the Hammersmith team to operate in Moscow in May 1959.It was at the height of the cold war and they were the first foreign doctors to perform surgery there.Melrose, Cleland, and another surgeon, Hugh Bentall, went.The Russians chose two adults and four children with congenital heart defects.Two of them had Fallot's tetralogy, which Cleland and his colleagues had never operated on before.All six operations were successful.Cleland remarked that this was helped by God, who had so little to do in Russia that he was able to give the children his undivided attention.The trip was a success in other ways.Cleland took his cine camera and filmed the army parade in Red Square, and was astonished not to be arrested.The team then returned on the inaugural UK flight of the Tupolev 104, the Soviet Union's first jet powered passenger airliner.Cleland was a meticulous surgeon, possessed of great energy, and a great teacher.He was warm hearted, and remained calm in emergencies.He was
FEDERAL CONTROL OF DRUGS.
Authors: H. W. WILEY
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The Congress of the United States has authorized two kinds of investigations into the character of drugs. The term "drug," as used in the acts of Congress, may, I think, very properly be interpreted to mean any remedy intended for internal or external use. In fact, the regulations, as will be referred to later on, made under the provisions of this law, recognize this as its fundamental meaning. It may, perhaps, be surprising to many of you to know that one of the existing laws relating to the inspection of drugs was enacted by Congress on the 26th of June, 1848. This law is found in Section 2,933 et seq. of the revised statutes. The first section of the law provides that "All drugs, medicines, medicinal preparations, including medicinal essential oils and chemical preparations used wholly or in part as medicine, imported from abroad, shall, before passing the custom house
LRRTM2 Interacts with Neurexin1 and Regulates Excitatory Synapse Formation
Authors: Joris de Wit, Emily Sylwestrak, Matthew L. O'Sullivan, Stefanie Otto, Katie Tiglio, Jeffrey N. Savas, John R. Yates, Davide Comoletti, Palmer Taylor, Anirvan Ghosh
Journal: Neuron (2009)
Infrequent Defecation in Children-Reply
Authors: Barbara S. Kirschner
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In Reply.—  I think that Dr Conn's comments on my response to the question on infrequent defecation or Hirschsprung's disease are not supported by others who have written about disorders in the passage of stools in infants.  The first paragraph specifically states that the spontaneous passage of large soft stools is unusual for Hirschsprung's disease. I discussed this disorder in some detail to address the specific questions raised by the corresponding physician. In my experience, the absence of abdominal distention has not proved to be a reliable sign to exclude Hirschsprung's disease in children with unusual difficulty with defecation.  Certainly no pediatrician would oppose performing a sweat test on any child with malodorous stools, although a weight gain of 3 kg in four months would make this diagnosis an unlikely explanation.  Of note, the first recommendation for infrequent stooling was that adequate fluid intake be provided. The other recommendations were
Effect of highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester on insulin resistance and hypertension in dahl salt-sensitive rats
Authors: Yutaka Mori, Yûichi Murakawa, Junichi Yokoyama, Naoko Tajima, Yoshio Ikeda, Hidefumi Nobukata, Tsutomu Ishikawa, Yasunori Shibutani
Journal: Metabolism (1999)
Pharmacists would like compensation for expanded role in patient care
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A survey of pharmacists in eight major countries shows that more than 90% of them believe they are a key factor in improving a patient’s health, while almost half consider that their national healthcare systems have deteriorated in recent years.

The survey, commissioned by Pfizer and the International Pharmaceutical Federation, considered the views of 2000 pharmacists in Australia, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

Ninety three per cent of those surveyed said that more information and advice on health promotion, …
STUDIES ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF FEVER
Authors: Donald L. Bornstein, Carl Bredenberg, W. Barry Wood
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

Although the absolute febrile responses of trained individual rabbits injected intravenously with small to moderate doses of leucocytic pyrogen vary over an appreciable range, the relative responses of each rabbit to changes in dosage are satisfactorily reproducible. The quantitative dose-response relationship is characterized by a hyperthermic ceiling at which the intensity of the febrile reaction is relatively constant over a wide dosage range. Only at lower dose levels, where the dose-response curve is reasonably steep, is the magnitude of the fever produced proportional to the amount of pyrogen injected. When sufficiently large doses of LP are injected, the hyperthermic ceiling is exceeded. The fevers thus induced are biphasic in character and, in this way, resemble the usual response to bacterial endotoxin. Similar biphasic fevers result from continuous infusions of relatively low concentrations of LP at a constant rate. Repeated intermittent injections of moderate doses of LP likewise cause prolonged biphasic fevers, but, once the fever has become established, the reaction to each individual injection becomes markedly depressed. When large doses of LP are injected at daily intervals, the characteristic biphasic response occurs only following the first injection. Thereafter a state of tolerance intervenes in which the late secondary rise in temperature fails to occur. This form of tolerance lasts as long as the daily injections are continued but subsides within a few days after the injections are stopped. During the transient tolerance the rabbit's responsiveness to small doses of LP (in the sensitive range of the dose response curve) is depressed. In addition, the amount of endogenous pyrogen mobilized from the tissues by a large dose of LP is not as great as that generated in a normal rabbit. The relations of these findings to biphasic fevers, tolerance, and the accuracy of the conventional method of pyrogen assay are briefly discussed.