tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE LOCALIZATION OF HOMOLGOUS PLASMA PROTEINS IN THE TISSUES OF YOUNG HUMAN BEINGS AS DEMONSTRATED WITH FLUORESCENT ANTIBODIES
Authors: David Gitlin, Benjamin H. Landing, Ann Whipple
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1953)

Employing fluorescent antibodies for the detection of homologous plasma proteins in tissue sections, the distribution of plasma albumin, gamma-globulin, beta-lipoprotein, beta(1)-metal-combining globulin, and fibrinogen has been studied in the tissues of infants and children. Plasma albumin, gamma-globulin, and beta(1)-metal-combining globulin were found in many cells and particularly cell nuclei, connective tissues and interstitial spaces, lymphatics, and blood vessels. beta-Lipoprotein was found mostly in the nuclei of all cell types while fibrinogen was restricted largely to the lymphatic and vascular channels, connective tissues and the interstitial spaces. The widespread distribution of these plasma proteins in cells and connective tissues indicates the magnitude of the extravascular plasma protein pool which is in equilibrium with circulating plasma. Unfortunately, these results do not permit accurate localization of the sites of production of these plasma proteins, but do give some idea of their intimate relationship to the tissues.
Television Medicine — Artificial Insemination
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

SOME time ago the B.B.C. televised a series under the title, "The Hurt Mind." In this program some of the aspects of psychiatric medicine were presented, and one of the results, which might have been predicted, was that a large number of persons asked their doctors for electric-shock treatment. The B.B.C. has now embarked upon a much more ambitious series of medical telecasts in the series, "Your Life in Their Hands." The treatment of cancer, an operation for mitral valvulotomy and a neurosurgical operation are some of the subjects in the series. Furthermore, the essence of the program lies in . . .
Abstract LB-211: Identification of blood-based protein biomarker candidates for malignant glioma
Authors: Baogang J. Xu, Qi A. An, Supriya Gowda, Wenwei Yan, Ty Abel, Larry Pierce, Kyle D. Weaver, Reid C. Thompson
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract A reliable, non-invasive and convenient method for detecting malignant gliomas progression and responsiveness to treatment will significantly increase the survival of patients. A protein biomarker-based method for high-grade glioma using patients’ blood samples was investigated. Using a multiplex Luminex immunoassay, 90 proteins associated with cancer were examined in the plasma from high-grade glioma patients (N=28) and non-cancer controls (N=367). Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed to select the differentially expressed proteins. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were constructed to determine their diagnostic accuracy. A second cohort of serum samples from different GBM patients (N=20) and non-cancer controls (N=1278) was similarly analyzed. A total of 40 and 25 proteins were found to be significantly differentially expressed between the glioma and control groups (p &amp;lt; 0.0005) using the plasma or serum samples, respectively. With ROC analyses, 19 and 9 proteins were found with area under the curve greater than 85% using the plasma or serum samples, respectively. Five protein biomarkers with an average of 87.2% sensitivity and 87.4% specificity were similarly identified in these two different cohorts of patients. In addition, four plasma protein biomarkers were found to be significantly associated with high-grade glioma patients’ survival. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed that human glioblastoma tissue positively expressed the identified protein biomarkers. Differential expression levels for one of the identified protein biomarkers, MIP 1-alpha, were further investigated using human glioma tissue microarray. Compared to grade II glioma tissues (N=22), MIP 1-alpha was found to be overexpressed in grade III (N=9) and grade IV (N=41) glioma tissues (p &amp;lt; 0.0001). Furthermore, MIP 1-alpha was found to directly promote T98G glioma cell line proliferation and migration (p&amp;lt;0.05) using WST-1 proliferation assay and wound closure assay, respectively. Overall, a blood-based protein signature for high-grade gliomas was identified which may offer a minimally-invasive approach for diagnosing high-grade glioma and monitoring for recurrence or response to therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-211.
Comorbidities and Mortality in Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Casey Crump, Kristina Sundquist, Marilyn A. Winkleby, Jan Sundquist
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2013)

Bipolar disorder is associated with premature mortality, but the specific causes and underlying pathways are unclear.To examine the physical health effects of bipolar disorder using outpatient and inpatient data for a national population.National cohort study of 6,587,036 Swedish adults, including 6618 with bipolar disorder.Physical comorbidities diagnosed in any outpatient or inpatient setting nationwide and mortality (January 1, 2003, through December 31, 2009).Women and men with bipolar disorder died 9.0 and 8.5 years earlier on average than the rest of the population, respectively. All-cause mortality was increased 2-fold among women (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.34; 95% CI, 2.16-2.53) and men (aHR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.85-2.23) with bipolar disorder, compared with the rest of the population. Patients with bipolar disorder had increased mortality from cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), influenza or pneumonia, unintentional injuries, and suicide for both women and men and cancer for women only. Suicide risk was 10-fold among women (aHR, 10.37; 95% CI, 7.36-14.60) and 8-fold among men (aHR, 8.09; 95% CI, 5.98-10.95) with bipolar disorder, compared with the rest of the population. Substance use disorders contributed only modestly to these findings. The association between bipolar disorder and mortality from chronic diseases (ischemic heart disease, diabetes, COPD, or cancer) was weaker among persons with a prior diagnosis of these conditions (aHR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.26-1.56) than among those without a prior diagnosis (aHR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.95-2.90; P(interaction) = .01).In this large national cohort study, patients with bipolar disorder died prematurely from multiple causes, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, COPD, influenza or pneumonia, unintentional injuries, and suicide. However, chronic disease mortality among those with more timely medical diagnosis approached that of the general population, suggesting that better provision of primary medical care may effectively reduce premature mortality among persons with bipolar disorder.
Inescapable Problem: AIDS in Prison
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1987)

PRISONERS WITH AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) were a focus of concern at the 11th National Conference on Correctional Health Care, held in Chicago. Lambert N. King, MD, PhD, medical director, St Vincent's Hospital and Medical Center, New York City, told participants, "AIDS and HIV [human immunodeficiency virus] infection in prisons present unprecedented problems." Among these problems are how (and whether) to determine who is infected, how and where to incarcerate persons who test positive for HIV antibody or develop overt disease, who will pay for therapy, how to stem the spread of infection (tattooing and anal intercourse are issues here), and how to deal with questions of confidentiality and with less-than-optimal response by correctional officers and administrative staff. The difficulty of finding solutions to all of the problems appears to be exacerbated by a tangle of statutes, recommendations, and pending legislation that vary from state to state. Also, it seems
Dual energy computed tomography in tophaceous gout
Authors: H K Choi, A M Al-Arfaj, A Eftekhari, P L Munk, K Shojania, G Reid, S Nicolaou
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

To evaluate the potential utility of a dual energy CT (DECT) scan in assessing urate deposits among patients with tophaceous gout, and obtain computerised quantification of tophus volume in peripheral joints.20 consecutive patients with tophaceous gout and 10 control patients with other arthritic conditions were included. DECT scans were performed using a renal stone colour-coding protocol that specifically assessed the chemical composition of the material (ie, urate coloured in red, calcium coloured in blue). An automated volumetric assessment of DECT was used to measure the volume of urate deposits in all peripheral joint areas.All 20 patients with gout showed red colour-coded urate deposits on their DECT scans, whereas none of 10 controls showed urate deposits. DECT scans revealed a total of 440 areas of urate deposition in 20 patients, whereas physical examination showed 111 areas of urate deposition (mean 22 vs 6 per patient, respectively, p<0.001). Total urate volume in a given patient ranged from 0.63 cm(3) to 249.13 cm(3), with a mean of 40.20 cm(3).DECT scans can produce obvious colour displays for urate deposits and help to identify subclinical tophus deposits. Furthermore, tophus volume can be measured by DECT scans through an automated volume estimation procedure.
President Bush's proposals for healthcare reform
Authors: Uwe Reinhardt
Journal: BMJ (2006)

New plan offers “consumer empowerm ent” through rationing by socioeconomic class 

I n his State of the Union address last week, President Bush blessed the latest thing in American health policy: “consumer directed health care,” also widely and inaccurately known by the acronym HSAs, which stands for “health savings accounts.”1 The idea is to “empower” “consumers” (formerly “patients”) to function as agents of both quality control and cost control in health care, through two instruments.

Americans would be enticed into private health insurance with very high annual “deductibles”—out of pocket payments before insurance kicks in, from $2100 to $10 000 or more per family. In the words of Alan B Hubbard, director of the White House National Economic Council, the idea is to provide “people an opportunity… to have more skin in the game.”2 And Americans would be empowered with user friendly information on the cost and quality of the health services offered by individual doctors and hospitals—an ambitious vision that, so far, remains largely on the drawing board.

Not ever …
The American Medical Association's Program on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: William R. Hendee
Journal: JAMA (1987)

THE ILLNESSES referred to collectively as<i>acquired immunodeficiency syndrome</i>(AIDS) (now often terme<i>d human immunodeficiency virus</i>[HIV] disease) were identified in 1981. Over the succeeding six years, HIV infection and AIDS have become an epidemic in this country, principally within the male homosexual and bisexual communities and among intravenous drug abusers. By January 1986, almost 30 000 cases of AIDS had been reported in the United States and at least 1 to 2 million persons were thought to be infected with HIV. The Institute of Medicine predicts that 270 000 cases of AIDS will be diagnosed by 1991, with 74 000 cases identified in that year alone. Deaths caused by AIDS are expected to reach 179 000, with 54 000 occurring in 1991. During the next four years, pediatric cases of AIDS will increase tenfold to a total of 3000 cases, and cases that result from heterosexual transmission of
John Neville Phillips Hughes
Authors: G. Crompton
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The 10 years John Neville Phillips Hughes (“Neville”) served as chief administrative medical officer (CAMO) in one of the then largest district health authorities in the UK (1979-89) with a population in excess of half a million people predominantly deprived in social amenities and healthcare provisions would be regarded as a severe test for any experienced specialist in community medicine. For Neville, however, it became a wonderful opportunity to utilise his expertise and wide range of competencies to make a major impact in improving the situation. For example, his …
Talking about Treatment
Authors: Bimal P. Jain
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters4 January 2000Talking about TreatmentBimal P. Jain, MDBimal P. Jain, MDAtlantiCare Medical Center; Lynn, MA 01904 (Jain)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-1-200001040-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In response to Steiner and colleagues' paper (1), I suggest that relative risk reduction or 1 − post treatment risk (PT)/baseline or control risk (Pc) is best interpreted as action of a treatment that is constant in all patients because it is independent of baseline risk. Absolute risk reduction, or Pc − PT, on the other hand, represents the effect of a treatment's action on baseline risk in a given patient. This characterization of absolute index becomes readily apparent if we denote it by the equivalent mathematical expression, PC (1 − PT/Pc).In clinical practice, the first ...Reference1. Steiner JF. Talking about treatment: the language of populations and the language of individuals. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:618-22. LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Bimal P. Jain, MDAffiliations: AtlantiCare Medical Center; Lynn, MA 01904 (Jain) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoTalking about Treatment: The Language of Populations and the Language of Individuals John F. Steiner Talking about Treatment Benjamin Djulbegovic , Gary H. Lyman , and Iztok Hozo Talking about Treatment Richard Saitz Talking about Treatment Kenneth M. Kessler Talking about Treatment John C. Peirce Metrics 4 January 2000Volume 132, Issue 1Page: 94KeywordsAbsolute risk reductionAntihypertensive drug therapyClinical trialsDecision makingDiabetes mellitusHypertensionMyocardial infarctionRelative risk ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 4 January 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Conflicting character distribution within different data sets on cardueline finches: artifact or history?
Authors: J. Fehrer
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

Cardueline finches (Passeriformes: Fringillidae, Carduelinae) provide an example of unresolved species relationships despite decades of extensive study of the group. Existing morphological studies suffer from numerous cases of assumed parallel evolution due to a conflicting character distribution in different lineages. In this study, results of assumed parallel evolution due to a conflicting character distribution in different lineages. In this study, results of cytochrome b sequence analysis are compared with species relationships suggested by morphological and behavioral evidence. In the molecular analyses, species clusters mutually excluding each other were observed, lowering the statistical support of the internodes, i.e., the branches could not be resolved convincingly. Despite these difficulties, some phylogenetic signal was present in the molecular data as well as in the other approaches. In particular, any species or genus relationship suggested by cytochrome b sequence analysis was reflected by some other evidence. Based on this general congruence of the different data sets and on a considerable cytochrome b tree stability observed independent of species combination, choice of outgroup and tree-generating method, the short internodes are interpreted to reflect a historical reality. A model of cardueline evolution is proposed which assumes a population of cardueline ancestors with considerable polymorphism concerning the mitochondrial DNA and morphological characters alike. Retention of ancestral character states in different lineages and a subsequent rapid radiation are suggested to explain the conflicting character distributions observed in different fields of investigation.
Regulation Of IL-5Rα On Bone Marrow Eosinophils and CD34+ Progenitors
Authors: L.D. Saleh, G.M. Gauvreau, M. Duong, K. Howie, A. Cordova, R. Sung, T. Rerecich, P.M. O'Byrne
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Physical activity and bone health.
Authors: S White
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2002)

l-Methionine-<i>dl</i>-sulfoxide (MetO) is an l-methionine (Met) metabolite, but its role in Met metabolism and toxicity is not clear. In this study, MetO uptake, metabolism to Met, cytotoxicity, and glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) status were characterized in freshly isolated mouse hepatocytes incubated at 37°C with 0 to 30 mM MetO for 0 to 5 h. In male hepatocytes, dose-dependent cytotoxicity concomitant with GSH depletion without GSSG formation occurred after exposure to 20 or 30 mM MetO but not after exposure to 10 mM MetO. Interestingly, female hepatocytes exposed to 30 mM MetO showed no cytotoxicity and exhibited increased intracellular GSH levels compared with control hepatocytes. Male hepatocytes had approximately 2-fold higher levels of intracellular Met-<i>d</i>-O or Met-<i>l</i>-O after MetO (30 mM) exposure for 0 to 1.5 h compared with female hepatocytes. In hepatocytes of both genders, Met-<i>l</i>-O was detected at nearly 5-fold higher levels than Met-<i>d</i>-O, and no significant increase in cellular Met levels was detected. Addition of aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), an inhibitor of transamination reactions, to MetO-exposed male hepatocytes resulted in higher cellular Met-<i>d</i>-O and Met-<i>l</i>-O levels and decreased the cytotoxicity of MetO. Interestingly, exposure of control male hepatocytes to AOAA selectively increased cellular Met-<i>d</i>-O levels to levels similar to those observed after exposure to MetO (30 mM). Analysis of MetO transamination activity by glutamine transaminase K in mouse liver cytosol revealed similar rates of MetO transamination in cytosol of both genders. Taken together, these results provide evidence for stereoselective oxidation of Met to Met-<i>d</i>-O under physiological conditions and suggest a major role for MetO transamination in MetO metabolism and toxicity.
Mutations in theMPV17 gene are responsible for rapidly progressive liver failure in infancy
Authors: Lee-Jun C. Wong, Nicola Brunetti-Pierri, Qing Zhang, Nada Yazigi, Kevin E. Bove, Beverly B. Dahms, Michelle A. Puchowicz, Ignacio Gonzalez-Gomez, Eric S. Schmitt, Cavatina K. Truong, Charles L. Hoppel, Ping-Chieh Chou, Jing Wang, Erin E. Baldwin, Darius Adams, Nancy Leslie, Richard G. Boles, Douglas S. Kerr, William J. Craigen
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Abstract MPV17 is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein of unknown function recently recognized as responsible for a mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome. The aim of this study is to delineate the specific clinical, pathological, biochemical, and molecular features associated with mitochondrial DNA depletion due to MPV17 gene mutations. We report 4 cases from 3 ethnically diverse families with MPV17 mutations. Importantly, 2 of these cases presented with isolated liver failure during infancy without notable neurologic dysfunction. Conclusion: We therefore propose that mutations in the MPV17 gene be considered in the course of evaluating the molecular etiology for isolated, rapidly progressive infantile hepatic failure. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)
Abstract 5455: Resistance to a MEK inhibitor (AZD6244): Its association with increased expression of transcription factor 4
Authors: Bon-Kwan Goo, Eun-Hye Hur, Yunsuk Choi, Sung-Doo Kim, Jung Jin Hwang, Choung-Soo Kim, Kyun Seop Bae, Jene Choi, Suk Young Cho, Sang-Hwa Yang, Je-Hwan Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The important role of Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway in carcinogenesis has led to clinical development of MEK inhibitors for treatment of various cancers. Although recent studies have demonstrated impressive antitumor activities of the agents, many tumors show intrinsic and acquired resistance to MEK inhibitors. We tried to find biomarkers that were associated with intrinsic or acquired resistance to a MEK inhibitor (AZD6244) by public microarray data acquisition and development of AZD6244-resistance cell lines. First, we analyzed a set of genome-wide gene expression profiling data from 6 sensitive and 6 resistant cell lines of various tissue origins to identify candidate genes whose expression changes are associated with resistant or sensitive responses to AZD6244. Of 62 differentially expressed genes, we selected Transcription Factor 4 (TCF4) gene as a potential drug resistance marker for further analysis because degree of increased expression of TCF4 in resistance cell lines was relatively high and a previous study suggests that TCF4 functions as an oncogene in human colon cancers. The mRNA levels of TCF4 in AZD6244 resistant cell lines were significantly elevated than those in sensitive cell lines. The siRNA was used for the targeted silencing of TCF4 to elucidate the role of increased expression of TCF4 in intrinsic resistance to AZD6244. TCF4 siRNA significantly enhanced susceptibility of a AZD6244-resistant cell line, LOXIMVI, to AZD6244. Next, we established AZD6244-resistant cell lines, using originally AZD6244-senstive cell lines, M14 and COLO-205. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for AZD6244 in two acquired resistant cell lines were 34 fold and 200 fold higher than those of their parent cell lines, respectively. Protein levels of TCF4 in the acquired resistant cell lines were higher than those in the sensitive parent cell lines. Our study results suggest that increase expression of TCF4 may be associated with both intrinsic and acquired resistance to MEK inhibitors. Citation Format: Bon-Kwan Goo, Eun-Hye Hur, Yunsuk Choi, Sung-Doo Kim, Jung Jin Hwang, Choung-Soo Kim, Kyun Seop Bae, Jene Choi, Suk Young Cho, Sang-Hwa Yang, Je-Hwan Lee. Resistance to a MEK inhibitor (AZD6244): Its association with increased expression of transcription factor 4. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5455. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5455
Buccally Administered Streptokinase
Authors: Irving Innerfield, Harold Shub, Linn J. Boyd
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

THE anti-inflammatory effect of parenterally given proteases has evoked considerable clinical interest. In a recent review article Moser1 termed enzyme therapy "a new avenue of therapeutic approach to the problems of thromboembolism and inflammation." According to Kramer and de Madeiros,2 "numerous contributions have proven the value of enzymes in edema, cellulitis and particularly in hemorrhagic extravasations in the tissues."Several workers have investigated the possibility that the anti-inflammatory effect of proteolytic enzymes is due, in part, to their effect on tissue permeability.3 , 4 Indeed, the addition of streptokinase tended to restore permeability after reduction in the permeability of connective tissue by . . .