tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Rivaroxaban for Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation — Regulatory Considerations
Authors: Thomas R. Fleming, Scott S. Emerson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

An FDA advisory committee recently considered a new drug application for rivaroxaban for preventing stroke and systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, but there are important concerns about interpretation of the results of the key study.
Diagnostic power of fibroscan in predicting liver fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Anna Alisi, Massimo Pinzani, Valerio Nobili
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

We read with great interest the article titled "Diagnosis of fibrosis and cirrhosis using liver stiffness measurement in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease", published in HEPATOLOGY.1 In this work, Wong et al. evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of transient elastography by Fibroscan in the measurement of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, 309 consecutive adult patients with NAFLD, mean age 51 ± 11 years, underwent transient elastography and liver biopsies, but only 246 were included in the analysis. Interestingly, the authors found that at cutoff value of 7.9 kPa, the negative predictive values to exclude fibrosis stage ≥F3 disease were 52% and 97%, respectively. These results are very similar to those reported by Nobili et al.2 in pediatric patients. In fact, transient elastography performed on 52 consecutive children with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (mean age 13.6 ± 2.44 years), showed that cutoff values between 7 and 9 kPa predict fibrosis stages 1 or 2, and a value ≥9 kPa are associated with the presence of advanced fibrosis. Similarities in the cutoff values found in these two articles show that the patient's age, as well as body mass index, are irrelevant factors to establish the diagnostic accuracy of Fibroscan. However, the question remains whether assessment of fibrosis by transient elastography is a noninvasive technique able to completely replace biopsy or if its power to diagnose advanced fibrosis in patients with NAFLD remains modest. Our experience with children with NASH suggests that transient elastography by Fibroscan is an accurate and reproducible methodology to discriminate patients without any degree of fibrosis from those with advanced fibrosis; Wong et al. indicate that this consideration is equally applicable in adults. Although all these findings reinforce the idea that the measurement of liver stiffness by transient elastography may be considered a screening test, there is ample evidence3, 4 that its combination with blood markers may significantly improve the accuracy of the noninvasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis and, consequently, decrease the necessity of liver biopsy, both in adults and children. Anna Alisi Ph.D.*, Massimo Pinzani M.D. , Valerio Nobili M.D.*, * Liver Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, and Research Institute, Rome, Italy, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy.
Abnormal haemodynamic response to exercise in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Paul S. Bhella, Anand Prasad, Katja Heinicke, Jeff L. Hastings, Armin Arbab-Zadeh, Beverley Adams-Huet, Eric L. Pacini, Shigeki Shibata, M. Dean Palmer, Bradley R. Newcomer, Benjamin D. Levine
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2011)
Biological and Biochemical Analysis of Endoscopically Aspirated Bile
Authors: W. Rösch, F. Burkhardt, B. Schmack, P. Schmied, J. Schenk, K.-P. Stock
Journal: Endoscopy (1981)

Selective cannulation and aspiration of bile prior to ERCP may be helpful in bacterial contamination (suppurative cholangitis), in patients with choledocholithiasis, to determine lithogenicity of bile, and in studies where antibiotic concentration of different substances are analyzed in correlation to hepato-biliary diseases. Results of appropriate examinations are presented.
Biochemistry of Steroids
Authors: Harold Schedl
Journal: JAMA (1961)

This admirable little book encompasses the entire steroid field. Lucid expositions cover distribution, biosynthesis, metabolism, physiological significance, and analysis of cholesterol, other sterols, the vitamins D, steroid sapogenins and alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, bile acids, progesterone, corticosteroids, androgens, and estrogens. The arrangement of the classes of steroids follows their biogenetic relationships. The book is directed toward the special interests of the biological scientists in steroids and fulfills an important need. The carefully integrated treatment includes sufficient introductory material to meet the needs of readers with minimal background. Organic chemistry subserves the primary purpose of the book, but the simplified treatment does not compromise scientific standards. A most useful feature is an introduction to the literature on steroids. A selected, classified bibliography of 45 pages contains important articles published since 1950. The subject index cites the bibliography as well as comprehensively covering the text. I recommend this clear, concise introduction to steroids
Antigenicity Studies on Salk-type Poliomyelitis Vaccine
Authors: D. Tyrrell, S. A. Keeble, W. Wood
Journal: BMJ (1956)

The appearance of cerebral oedema following hypoxic episodes is described; its incidence appears to be more common than hitherto realized and may follow cerebral hypoxia from a variety of causes.Dehydration therapy with 50% sucrose followed by 10% dextran is described: favourable results have been obtained from its use.Some successful cases are reported.The wider application of dehydration therapy is sug- gested ; histopathological reports from the literatue con- firm that this would be rational.We would like to thank Dr.
Problems in the recognition of conduction disturbances in the His bundle.
Authors: R M Schuilenburg, D Durrer
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Two cases with conduction disturbances in the His bundle are described. In each it was not possible to obtain both components, H and H', of the "split" His bundle potential at one time from a single bipolar electrode catheter with an interelectrode distance of 10 mm. Initial failure to record the proximal His component (H) let to the incorrect diagnosis of block located within the atrioventricular (A-V) node, of third degree, in patient A, and of first to second degree in patient B. However, careful withdrawal of the catheter resulted in the appearance of proximal components (H), accompanied by disappearance of the distal components (H') of the His bundle potential. Apparently the lesion in the His bundle and the recording electrodes were spatially related in such a way that the bipolar electrode could not override the lesion. In view of these findings it is advocated that in patients the A-V conduction disturbances the His bundle catheter should be withdrawn carefully, if the initial recording reveals His bundle potentials bearing a time relation to the ventricular complexes, or advanced carefully, if these His potentials are related to the atrial activations, in order to demonstrate the (co)existence of a lesion in the His bundle. Search for a proximal His potential by withdrawal of the catheter should be done, if possible, while the atrium is paced at a rate in excess of the spontaneous sinus rate since the H potential may be obscured by the atrial complex if the A-V nodal transmission time is short at the spontaneous rate, as was the case with patient A. In patient B the not yet described phenomenon of bradycardia-dependent block within the His bundle was observed.
Skin and Tumor Grafting in Coisogenic Resistant Lines of Mice and Their Hybrids2
Authors: Owe Linder, Eva Klein
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1960)

Some of G. D. Snell's (1) isogenic resistant mouse strains and their hybrids have been tested by exchanging skin and tumor grafts. These strains have been developed with the purpose of fixing a one-histocompatibility-gene difference on a common coisogenic background. The lines used in the present study had a strain A background and differed with regard to the histocompatibility-2 locus. The results of tumor transplantation tests were in good agreement with the expected one-gene difference (75% takes in F2 and 50% in backcross hybrids), and no additional histocompatibility differences could be detected by grafting into preimmunized hosts. In contrast, skin grafts revealed the existence of numerous other histocompatibility differences, involving not less and probably more than 10 loci. In addition, evidence was obtained for the existence of residual heterozygosis within the IR sublines, influencing the fate of skin but not of tumor grafts.
779-1 Vasodilator Effects of the Endothelin-1 Receptor Antagonist Bosentan in Patients with Severe Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Wolfgang Kiowski, Osmund Bertel, Gabor Sütsch, Patrick Hunziker, Peter Müiler, Rita Schmitt, Jonghun Kim, Erwin Oechslin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Beneficial Effects of Pentoxifylline in Patients With Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy Treated With Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Carvedilol
Authors: Daniel Skudicky, Annette Bergemann, Karen Sliwa, Geoffrey Candy, Pinhas Sareli
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —We previously reported beneficial effects of pentoxifylline, a xanthine-derived agent known to inhibit the production of tumor necrosis factor-α, in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy treated with diuretics, digoxin, and ACE inhibitors. Since then, 3 large clinical trials showed important clinical benefits of β-blockers in this population. Therefore, we designed the present study to establish whether in patients with heart failure already receiving treatment with ACE inhibitors and β-blockers, the addition of pentoxifylline would have an additive beneficial effect. Methods and Results —In a single-center, prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, 39 patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy were randomized to pentoxifylline 400 mg TID (n=20) or placebo (n=19) if they had a left ventricular ejection fraction &lt;40% after 3 months of therapy with digoxin, ACE inhibitors, and carvedilol. Primary end points were New York Heart Association functional class, exercise tolerance, and left ventricular function. Patients were followed up for 6 months. Five patients died (3 in the placebo group). Patients treated with pentoxifylline had a significant improvement in functional class compared with the placebo group ( P =0.01), with an increment in exercise time from 9.5±5 to 12.3±6 minutes ( P =0.1). Left ventricular ejection fraction improved from 24±9% to 31±13%, P =0.03, in the treatment group. Conclusions —In patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, the addition of pentoxifylline to treatment with digoxin, ACE inhibitors, and carvedilol is associated with a significant improvement in symptoms and left ventricular function.
Feasibility of Low Doses of l-131 for Thyroid Ablation in Postsurgical Patients with Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: ASLAM R. SIDDIQUI, JAMES EDMONDSON, HENRY N. WELLMAN, RONALD C. HAMAKER, RALEIGH E. LINGEMAN, HEE-MYUNG PARK, C CONRAD JOHNSTON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

The feasibility of using low doses of l-131 (30 mCi) for ablation of thyroid remnants following surgery for papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma was examined in 21 patients. Six weeks following near-total thyroidectomy and three days following intramuscular thyroidstimulating hormone (10 IU), patients were given 30 mCi of l-131 and scans were performed 24 to 72 hours later. Remaining thyroid tissue was identifiable in the thyroid bed in 19 patients, and two patients also had evidence of cervical metastases. Patients with metastases received an additional 100 mCi of l-131. Follow-up l-131 scans were performed at nine to 15-month intervals in ten patients who initially received 30 mCi of l-131, and only one patient showed complete ablation of the residual thyroid tissue, whereas the remaining nine patients had persistent uptake of l-131 in the same regions in which the uptake was seen in the initial postoperative scans. One of the nine patients had evidence of a cervical metastasis as well. It is therefore apparent that total or near-total thyroidectomy rarely removes all thyroid tissue and that an “out-patient” dose of l-131 is not adequate for ablation of postoperative thyroid remnants.
THE RELATIVE GERMICIDAL EFFICIENCY OF ANTISEPTICS OF THE CHLORINE GROUP AND ACRIFLAVINE AND OTHER DYES, With Observations of the Rational Testing of Antiseptics
Authors: H. D. Dakin, E. K. Dunham
Journal: BMJ (1917)

MTzDamon 64ro-as formedl, the meetings being held at Old Slaughter's Coffee House.Fordyce was also responsible for the foundation of the " Lyceuim MIedicis Loindinense " in 1785.IFinally, the "Abernetllian Society" was establislhed in 1795, the "M Iedico-ChiruLrgical " in 1805, and the "Hun- ierian" in 1819.A society of Physicians to Dispensaries mnet in the Borough about 1780, but tlle exact date of its foundation is uncertain.It 'will thus be seen that twelve medical societies were, formed during the reigu of George III, and three only ,before that period.Many of theni came to an end after a few years of usefuilness, but six remain, and are flourislhing at the present time.Among those who did so muclh to encourage the formation of these societies, the names of Simmons, Fordyce, William Hunter, Fothergill, and Lettsom must for ever be honoured.They toiled, not uinsuiecessfully, for the advancement of medicine and for a wider medical polity where men holding diverse opinions cotuld meet and exchange their views.(To be continued.)
Target sites escaped from high-grade restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: do they become stable plaque? — angiographical reevaluation of more than one year interval
Authors: T. Saito, K. Noda, H. Dato, I. Taniguchi, N. Yamamoto, S. Nakamura, S. Hokimoto, S. Oshima
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
8-Epi PGF <sub>2α</sub> Generation During Coronary Reperfusion
Authors: N. Delanty, M.P. Reilly, D. Pratico, J.A. Lawson, J.F. McCarthy, A.E. Wood, S.T. Ohnishi, D.J. Fitzgerald, G.A. FitzGerald
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background Myocardial reperfusion is believed to be associated with free radical injury. However, indexes of oxidative stress in vivo have been limited by their poor specificity and sensitivity. Isoprostanes are stable products of arachidonic acid formed in a nonenzymatic, free radical–catalyzed manner. We have developed a sensitive and specific assay for one of these compounds, 8-epi prostaglandin (PG) F 2α . Methods and Results To address its utility as an index of oxidative stress during coronary reperfusion, we measured urinary levels by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in a canine model of coronary thrombolysis, in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with thrombolytic therapy, and in patients after elective coronary artery bypass surgery. Urinary 8-epi PGF 2α was unchanged after circumflex artery occlusion in a canine model of coronary thrombolysis (n=13; 437.2±56.4 versus 432.7±55.2 pmol/mmol creatinine) but increased significantly ( P &lt;.05) immediately after reperfusion (553.8±64.7 pmol/mmol). Urinary levels were increased ( P &lt;.001) in patients (n=12) with acute myocardial infarction given lytic therapy (265.8±40.8 pmol/mmol) compared with age-matched control subjects (n=20; 91.5±11.8 pmol/mmol) and patients with stable coronary disease (n=20; 95.7±6.3 pmol/mmol). Preoperative levels rose from 113.2±11.8 to 248.2±86.3 pmol/mmol at 30 minutes into revascularization to 332.2±82.6 pmol/mmol by 15 minutes after global myocardial reperfusion ( P &lt;.05) and dropped to 181.2±50.4 pmol/mmol at 30 minutes and 120.2±9.9 pmol/mmol at 24 hours after bypass surgery (n=5). Corresponding changes in spin adduct formation, found with electron paramagnetic resonance, were noted in 2 patients. Conclusions These data support the hypothesis that free radical generation occurs during myocardial reperfusion. Measurement of isoprostane production may serve as a noninvasive index of oxidative stress.
The Botulism Hazard
Authors: John M. Townes
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 June 1997The Botulism HazardJohn M. Townes, MD, Haim M. Solomon, MS, and Patricia M. Griffin, MDJohn M. Townes, MDOregon Department of Human Resources, Portland, OR 97232U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333Search for more papers by this author, Haim M. Solomon, MSOregon Department of Human Resources, Portland, OR 97232U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333Search for more papers by this author, and Patricia M. Griffin, MDOregon Department of Human Resources, Portland, OR 97232U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-11-199706010-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We wholeheartedly agree with Dr. Sacks that an important part of the prevention of foodborne botulism is to provide adequate “refrigerate after opening” label statements on foods that require refrigeration. With the increasing number of “new-generation,” minimally processed foods, abuse of the temperature of such products by distributors, retailers, and consumers has become a public health concern. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is currently drafting a guidance document for the food industry to address this issue. The document will respond to recommendations of the National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods, the National Food Processors Association, ...References1. St. Louis ME, Peck SH, Bowering D, Morgan GB, Blatherwick J, Satyen B, et al. Botulism from chopped garlic: delayed recognition of a major outbreak. Ann Intern Med. 1988; 108:363-8. Google Scholar2. Morse DL, Pickard LK, Guzewich JJ, Devine BD, Shayegani M. Garlicin-oil associated botulism: episode leads to product modification. Am J Public Health. 1990; 80:1372-3. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Oregon Department of Human Resources, Portland, OR 97232U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByBacterial Toxins - Structure, Properties and Mode of Action 1 June 1997Volume 126, Issue 11Page: 919KeywordsBotulismCheesesFoodOilsPhosphatesPrevention, policy, and public healthSafetySaltsTemperatureToxins Issue Published: 1 June 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
THE CUTTING IN TWO OF A LARGE STEEL PIN WHILE TRANSFIXED IN THE LEET BRONCHUS AND ITS REMOVAL BY LOWER BRONCHOSCOPYA BRONCHOSCOPIC PIN-CUTTER AND FRAGMENT-HOLDER, DEVISED TO MEET THE EMERGENCY
Authors: W. E. CASSELBERRY
Journal: JAMA (1910)

The conditions which result from secondary infection, bound to occur in time at the site of a foreign body, which remains unrecognized or unremedied in the bronchopulmonary tract, must often have been mistaken for primary tuberculosis or other initial disease for instance, a chronic pulmonary abscess, menacing to life, eluded all efforts to establish its cause until the sudden expulsion by cough of a spicule of bone, which was followed promptly by healing of the abscess. But that secondary infection may be delayed, for weeksor months, with little or no suffering, provided the foreign body be of narrow caliber, non-obstructive and non-absorbent, was notably evident in connection with the glass-headed, 1½-inch, very sharp, black steel pin, which lodged in part at the bottom of the left bronchus and in part within the first bronchial branch of a 15-year-old girl. In this position the pin had remained undisturbed and undisturbing for a period
The Use of Local Gastric Hypothermia in Massive Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage.
Authors: W. J. Grace
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963The Use of Local Gastric Hypothermia in Massive Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage.W. J. Grace, M.D., F.A.C.P.W. J. Grace, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-727_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSixteen patients, over 45 years of age, with massive hemorrhage from the upper gastrointestinal tract, have been treated with local gastric hypothermia. Massive hemorrhage is defined (in this study) as that blood loss requiring the replacement of 3,000 cc of blood within 24 hospital hours in order to maintain vital signs.There were 10 patients with peptic ulcer. In 8 the bleeding stopped promptly. In 2 the bleeding did not stop, in 1 because of failure of the machine to function, and in 1 because the cooling was carried out for only 2 hours. Both of these patients were subjected... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: W. J. Grace, M.D., F.A.C.P. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byGastric Cooling and Gastric “Freezing” 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 727-727KeywordsBloodGastrointestinal hemorrhageGastrointestinal tractHemorrhageHypothermiaPeptic ulcersVital signs ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF downloadLoading ...
Study finds poor access to radiotherapy services in England
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2009)

More than 30 000 patients with cancer a year in England may not be getting appropriate radiotherapy. The authors of an audit based study of all NHS radiotherapy centres say that provision falls short in three key areas—waiting times for treatment, access to treatment, and the dose fractionation prescribed ( Clinical Oncology 2009 Aug 3, doi:10.1016/j.clon.2009.07.003).

“There is a substantial current shortfall to be addressed immediately to meet waiting time targets and to improve timely access to treatment and thus the outcomes of therapy,” say the authors, from Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, and the Royal College of Radiologists.

The paper focuses on the gap between radiotherapy activity in 2007 and demand, as modelled by the National Radiotherapy Advisory Group (NRAG).

The authors collected data on all NHS patients in England who were starting a course of radiotherapy in …