tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Targeting Interleukin-1 in Heart Disease”
Authors: Benjamin W. Van Tassell, Stefano Toldo, Eleonora Mezzaroma, Antonio Abbate
Journal: Circulation (2014)

We welcomed the correspondence by Dr Takahashi regarding the functions of NLRP3.In our article, 1 we had focused on interleukin-1, and, as such, we mainly discussed the inflammasome-dependent NLRP3 functions, but we fully agree with the concept that NLRP3 has inflammasome-independent functions.How important the inflammasome-independent functions of NLRP3 are in heart disease is unclear.To summarize, the NLRP3 is one of the sensors involved in the macromolecular assembly that leads to caspase-1 activation and the maturation of pro-interleukin-1β, the inflammasome.As such, the inflammasome can form in absence of NLRP3 when another sensor is activated.When activated, NLRP3 recruits the adaptor protein ASC, which is the main scaffold protein of the inflammasome.Activation of the inflammasome leads to caspase-1-dependent cell death known as pyroptosis or pyronecrosis. 2A study in leukocytes carrying a mutant form of constitutively active NLRP3 showed that the induction of cell death could not be rescued by caspase-1 inhibition, yet it was dependent on the presence of ASC, demonstrating that NLRP3/ASC can be involved in modalities of cell death independent of caspase-1. 3oreover, studies in genetically modified mice lacking NLRP3 or ASC showed that NLRP3 can promote cell death also independent of ASC, 4 a form of cell death independent of caspase-1 that appears to have morphological characteristics common to oncosis and apoptosis.Caspase-1-dependent cell death, however, appears to be very important in experimental acute myocardial infarction and heart failure, 2,5,6 and whether NLRP3-mediated/caspase-1-independent cell death contributes to the injury or not needs to be further investigated.
How common are renal angiomyolipomas in patients with pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis?
Authors: S M Bernstein, J D Newell, D Adamczyk, R L Mortenson, T E King, D A Lynch
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis has been associated with renal angiomyolipoma in case reports, but the prevalence of this association has not been well documented. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of renal angiomyolipoma in a series of subjects with pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis. Eighteen consecutive patients with pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis were seen at a single institution between 1989 and 1994. Of these, one patient was excluded because she did not have an abdominal computed tomographic (CT) scan. We found eight out of 17 (47%) patients with pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis to have renal angiomyolipomas. These were found either at surgery or on abdominal CT scanning. Thus, renal angiomyolipomas occur commonly in association with pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis. Consequently, the early detection of renal angiomyolipoma by abdominal CT may be important, because lesions with dimensions larger than 4 cm may present an increased risk for complications related to tumor growth or hemorrhage. Serial follow-up by ultrasonography or CT scanning is important in identifying and monitoring high-risk patients. Prophylactic treatment (partial or total nephrectomy) may be considered for patients with tumors that show significant growth or other complications, such as hemorrhage.
Endoscopic Treatment of a Mid-Esophageal Diverticulum
Authors: D. Schubert, R. Kuhn, G. Nestler, H. Lippert, M. Pross
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Mid-esophageal diverticulum is a medical rarity. Only patients in whom the condition is symptomatic should receive treatment. Minimally invasive surgery via a thoracoscopic approach is currently the preferred treatment for the condition. This case report describes a 63-year-old woman with a symptomatic mid-esophageal diverticulum, which was successfully treated by endoscopic diverticulotomy using a needle-knife through a flexible endoscope.
UK biologist shares Nobel prize for work on cell reprogramming
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2012)

In a decision that many scientists had long been expecting, the 2012 Nobel prize in physiology or medicine has been won jointly by the biologists John Gurdon of the United Kingdom and Shinya Yamanaka of Japan. They received their award for “the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent.”

“Their findings,” said the members of the award committee, “have revolutionised our understanding of how cells and organisms develop.” The work had also opened up lines of research culminating in developments from mammalian cloning to the proposed use of stem cells in regenerative medicine.

John Gurdon, sometime professor of cell biology at Cambridge University, is now a group leader at the …
CHEYNE-STOKES RESPIRATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH A HIGHER MORTALITY THAN OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS
Authors: Arild Hetland, Maria Vistnes, Kristina Haugaa, Kristian Hovde Liland, Margareth Olseng, Morten B. Jacobsen, Thor Edvardsen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Intracoronary adenosine causes angina pectoris like pain - an inquiry into the nature of visceral pain
Authors: B. Lagerqvist, C. Sylven, B. Beermann, G. Helmius, A. Waldenstrom
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

The aim was to study the tentative role of adenosine as a messenger between myocardial ischaemia and angina pectoris.Adenosine was administered in serial doses of 0.1-20 mg either as an intravenous bolus, or intra-arterially over 10 s into the left coronary artery, the aorta and the iliac artery. Coronary sinus flow was determined by thermodilution. ECG was monitored continuously. The patient was not aware of which site or dose was used. After each injection, the start of, maximum, end, magnitude, and location of pain were noted.Six patients with angina pectoris referred for coronary angiography entered the study.After intracoronary adenosine injection in the absence of ischaemic ECG changes, a dose dependent degree of chest pain was experienced not different in quality or location from the patients' habitual angina pectoris. Adenosine into the aorta provoked pain in lower chest and upper abdomen, whereas injection into the iliac artery provoked pain in the ipsilateral leg. On intravenous injection equipotent doses of adenosine caused chest pain of the same degree and quality as after intracoronary injection. Immediately after intracoronary injection the coronary sinus blood flow started to increase, but the onset of chest pain was delayed. Onset of pain was earlier the higher the dose, the maximum dose resulting in onset after 18(SEM 2) s. Coronary sinus blood flow increased dose dependently after left coronary artery injection but following intravenous injection no further increase was seen beyond that induced by the lowest dose.We suggest that adenosine is an important messenger for the sensation of angina pectoris and the effect is not due to coronary steal leading to myocardial ischaemia.
Ketanserin in the treatment of systemic sclerosis: a double-blind controlled trial
Authors: J.P. ORTONNE, C. TORZUOLI, P. DUJARDIN, B. FRAITAG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

In a randomized, double-blind study, the selective and specific S2-serotonergic receptor antagonist, ketanserin was compared with placebo in 24 patients with systemic sclerosis. Following a 6-week placebo washout period, patients were randomly allocated to receive ketanserin or placebo for 6 months. ketanserin failed to produce a greater improvement than placebo in functional and objective clinical signs and symptoms as well as in most subjective assessments. However, in a global rating by the physician ketanserin was superior to placebo. No difference in the frequency or severity of side-effects was found. The results cast doubt on the hypothesis that serotonin may be a major contributing factor in the pathophysiology of systemic sclerosis.
Current Trends in Digestive Ultrasonography
Authors: H IRVING
Journal: Gut (1998)

Current Trends in Digestive Ultrasonography . Edited by Gandolfi L, Fukuda M. (Pp 394; illustrated; $298.25.) Basel, Switzerland: Karger, 1997. ISBN 3-8055-6374-4.

The editors of volume 24 of Frontiers in Gastrointestinal Research have enlisted the help of some of the leading international experts in ultrasound to provide a timely review of the leading edges of ultrasound applications in gastroenterology.

The ultrasound stethoscope is regarded by many as the ultimate progression of this technology into gastroenterological practice. In the UK, digestive ultrasonography has largely remained the province of radiologists, although recently …
Early Physician Follow-up and 30-Day Readmission Among Older Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Randy Wexler
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Performance of the HEMORR2HAGES, ATRIA, and HAS-BLED Bleeding Risk–Prediction Scores in Nonwarfarin Anticoagulated Atrial Fibrillation Patients
Authors: Stavros Apostolakis, Deirdre A. Lane, Yutao Guo, Harry Buller, Gregory Y.H. Lip
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Low β<sub>2</sub>‐glycoprotein I levels in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation
Authors: Juzo Matsuda, Kayoko Wakasugi, Noriko Saitoh, Miyo Tsukamoto, Yukari Miyajima, Mutuyosi Kazama, Katsuhisa Asami, Masakatsu Hashimoto
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)
More on Nutrition in Medical Schools
Authors: Cathy Kapica Cyborski
Journal: JAMA (1977)

In the November 29 issue of<i>JAMA</i>(236:2534, 1976), an editorial, "Nutrition Instruction in Medical Schools—1976," stated that only 42% of US medical schools offer courses in nutrition. This study was based on the responses from 44 of 60 medical schools surveyed. In early 1976 a survey of the 114 US medical schools was undertaken by myself to determine the amount of nutrition being taught in the medical school curriculum. From the 102 responses, the following data were obtained: (1) 19% of the medical schools have a required nutrition course; (2) 70% have an elective nutrition course; (3) 95% incorporate nutrition into another course (some schools offer nutrition to the students in two or more of these ways); (4) 28% offer clerkships in nutrition; (5) 80% provide students with opportunities for doing nutrition research; (6) 31% offer postgraduate or continuing education studies in nutrition. While it is clear that the
Early Diagnosis of Traumatic Rupture of the Bronchus
Authors: John F. Burke
Journal: JAMA (1962)

One hundred sixty-seven cases of bronchial rupture have been reported, showing a 10-fold increase in incidence in the past 10 years. The injury has 2 phases: rupture of the bronchus itself, followed by the development of a stricture at the site of rupture. Early diagnosis and repair are mandatory to prevent stricture and loss of lung function. The presence or absence of pneumothorax, hemoptysis, or emphysema is of little value in early diagnosis. Rib fractures are always associated with bronchial rupture in patients over age 30 but are frequently not seen in patients under age 30. Ninety-one per cent of the patients with bronchial rupture and broken ribs had one or all of the first 3 ribs broken, and 86% of all bronchial ruptures involved the main bronchi.
Defining airflow obstruction
Authors: Margaret Smith, Om Kurmi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Our paper investigated airflow obstruction (AFO) in never-smokers in the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) [1]. We presented prevalence of AFO overall, by age and sex, and by region according to both fixed ratio (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) <0.7) and lower limit of normal (LLN) criteria (FEV1/FVC <fifth percentile). For overall prevalence and prevalence by region we also subdivided the prevalence defined by the fixed ratio according to FEV1 ≥80% predicted. We calculated odds ratios for associations of all variables with both the fixed ratio definition of AFO and the LLN definition, but chose to present the former. We found that prevalence according to the LLN definition when compared with the fixed ratio was considerably higher (for the reasons given by P.H. Quanjer and co-authors). For women, the LLN definition resulted in a higher prevalence than the fixed ratio definition up to age 65–69 years, and the excess was greatest among those with a lower baseline age. AFO definition affected prevalence estimates but had little effect on adjusted odds ratios for associations <http://ow.ly/Fy002>
Dose-Dependent Incidence of Hepatic Tumors in Adult Mice following Perinatal Exposure to Bisphenol A
Authors: Caren Weinhouse, Olivia S. Anderson, Ingrid L. Bergin, David J. Vandenbergh, Joseph P. Gyekis, Marc A. Dingman, Jingyun Yang, Dana C. Dolinoy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high production volume chemical with hormone-like properties that has been implicated as a potential carcinogen. Early-life exposure has been linked to increased risk for precancerous lesions in mammary and prostate glands and the uterus, but no prior study has shown a significant association between BPA exposure and cancer development.We explored the effects of BPA exposure during gestation and lactation on adult incidence of hepatic tumors in mice.Isogenic mice were perinatally exposed to BPA through maternal diets containing one of four environmentally relevant doses of BPA (0, 50 ng, 50 μg, or 50 mg per kilogram of diet), and we followed approximately one male and one female per litter until they were 10 months of age. Animals were tested for known risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma, including bacterial and viral infections.We found dose-dependent incidence of hepatic tumors in 10-month-old BPA-exposed mice. Of the offspring examined, 23% presented with hepatic tumors or preneoplastic lesions. We observed a statistically significant dose-response relationship, with an odds ratio for neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions of 7.23 (95% CI: 3.23, 16.17) for mice exposed to 50 mg BPA/kg diet compared with unexposed controls. Observed early disease onset, absence of bacterial or viral infection, and lack of characteristic sexual dimorphism in tumor incidence support a nonclassical etiology.To our knowledge, this is the first report of a statistically significant association between BPA exposure and frank tumors in any organ. Our results link early-life exposure to BPA with the development of hepatic tumors in rodents, and have potential implications for human health and disease.
Website of the week: Overseas doctors
Authors: R. MacDonald
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Many doctors from overseas want to come and work in the United Kingdom. There is currently a shortage of doctors in the United Kingdom, and the British government is recruiting international doctors to help make up staff numbers. Despite this, the road to having a successful career in the United Kingdom is littered with obstacles for doctors who are not citizens of member states of the European Economic Area (EEA). This week's theme issue of Career Focus is devoted to helping overseas doctors maximise their opportunities of working in Britain.

When considering working in the United Kingdom, doctors must first check if their primary qualification is an acceptable by going to www.who.int/health-services-delivery/med_schools/

The UK government's guide (www.doh.gov.uk/medicaltrainingintheuk/internationalgraduates.htm) and that from the BMA (www.bma.org.uk/ap.nsf/Content/__Hub±INT±guidance) should give a grasp of the requirements, procedures, and training structure in the United Kingdom.

More detailed information can be obtained from www.homeoffice.gov.uk (immigration and nationality option); www.gmc-uk.org (most of what overseas doctors will need to know is in the registration section); www.aomrc.org.uk/pages/links/collegelinks.html (for a list of all the royal colleges); www.sta-mrc.org.uk (the Specialist Training Authority's site); and www.jcptgp.org.uk/ (for the Joint Committee for Training in General Practice).

Most overseas doctors (from outside the EEA) need to pass the International English Language Teaching System (IELTS) and the Professional Linguistic Assessments Board (PLAB) exam before the General Medical Council will grant limited registration. The IELTS and part 1 of the PLAB do not need to be taken in the United Kingdom; www.ielts.org.uk and www.gmc-uk.org/global_sections/sitemap_frameset.htm will give you all the detail you need to know about these exams. For some practice papers for the IELTS, go to www.britishcouncil.gr/english/materials3_ielts.htm

Once these exams are out of the way, the job hunt can begin. www.bmjcareers.com has well over 1000 jobs advertised a week. Sometimes overseas doctors have to apply to many different posts before they are successful. A well presented CV and good interview skills might help, and www.medicalforum.com/CV_headings.html gives some good advice.
Pulmonary gas exchange in elderly subjects
Authors: H Guenard, R Marthan
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1996)

Although important alterations in structure and function develop with age, the hypothesis that the lungs are capable of maintaining adequate gas exchange for the maximum human life span is generally accepted. This hypothesis was examined by measuring arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tension (Pa,O2 and Pa,CO2) alveolo-arterial differences in oxygen and carbon dioxide tension (PA-a,O2 and Pa-A,CO2), steady state transfer capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (TL,CO,ss) as well as the gas exchange ratio (R) in a series of 74 healthy subjects aged more than 68 yrs (69-104 yrs). In addition, Pa,O2 and Pa,CO2 were measured in a series of 55 young healthy subjects, who acted as controls. In the elderly subjects, except for TL,CO,ss, there was no significant correlation between any of the other variables and age. However, for a given Pa,CO2, Pa,O2 was always lower in the group of elderly subjects than in the group of young control subjects. TL,CO,ss, as well as TL,CO,ss/minute ventilation (V'k) ratio, was correlated with age, according to the following regression equations: TL,CO,ss (mL.min-1.kPa-1) = 126-0.90 x age (yrs), and TL,CO,ss/V'k (kPa-1 x 10(3)) = 13.5-0.085 x age, respectively. These results show that arterial oxygen tension did not decrease with age in this series of elderly subjects. However, the decrease in steady-state transfer capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide with age indicates that oxygen transport could be diffusion-limited in elderly subjects, at least when oxygen consumption is increased.
Embryology and Anomalies of the Facial Nerve and Their Surgical Implications
Authors: William D. Clark
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The title of this small book suggests that it may be intended for a rather limited readership. Do we really need a book on this subject? The first of five chapters is but a brief introduction. The second, "Embryology of the Facial Nerve," is by far the longest. Here, by tables, line drawings, gross photographs, and photomicrographs, the embryology of the facial nerve is presented in detail. In less detail, the developmental anatomy of the auricle, ear canal, and middle ear is discussed. Chapter 3, "Clinical Application," is centered around case presentations. In each, the author attempts to correlate anatomic relationships of the facial nerve with the stage of disturbed development as predicted by gross and computed tomographic scan findings. The predicted relationships are compared with actual findings at surgery. Chapter 4 briefly covers isolated abnormalities of the facial nerve. Chapter 5 summarizes syndromes that have been associated with facial
REPORT OF A CASE OF CONGENITAL ENCEPHALOCELE.
Authors: JOHN H. DUNCAN
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Read in Section of Diseases of Children of the American Medical Association, May, 1884. The comparative infrequency of encephalocele as a congenital malformation, the caution advised by authors as regards operative procedures for it, and the gratifying results which I have recently had in the management of a case, lead me to make this report. It was to me a very interesting case and one which I followed closely, though I regret, that owing to the bad hygienic surroundings, I did not watch it as assiduously as I should. Before presenting the case, I ask your indulgence for a few moments, that I may review cursorily the history of encephalocele, for it may be of interest to you as it certainly has been instructive to me. The writers of the latter part of the eighteenth and beginning of the nineteenth centuries spoke of it only as "Hernia Cerebri" and "Fungus
Myocardial Infarction After Exercise Testing
Authors: Robert A. Bruce
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  The recent case report by Lintgen of death from   after exercise testing is important and provocative (235:837, 1976). The testing procedure is described as multistage, submaximal and the indication for stopping the test was not symptoms but a heart rate of 150 beats per minute that was 88% of the predicted normal rate. The reference cited for this methodology, namely, that of Doan et al ( Am Heart J 69:11, 1965), is incorrect because target heart rates, rather than maximal exercise to symptomatic limits, were used. The fact that myocardial infarction occurred and was followed by death from recurrent ventricular fibrillation illustrates a point made by Bruce et al ( Am J Cardiol 33:459, 1974) about the unreliability of target heart rates in assessing functional cardiovascular capacity, either in health or disease. The diagnosis of   in Dr Lintgen's case report is highly questionable in the absence
Of Mice, Not Men: No Evidence for Graft-versus-Host Disease in Humans Receiving T-Cell Receptor–Transduced Autologous T Cells
Authors: Steven A Rosenberg
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

A recent article by Bendle et al.1 reported a high incidence of lethal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in mice receiving a lymphodepleting regimen followed by syngeneic cells transduced with genes encoding T-cell receptors (TCRs). The GVHD was manifested as cachexia, anemia, loss of hematopoietic reconstitution, pancreatitis, colitis, and death. A recent in vitro study by van Loenen et al. suggested that introduction of new TCRs into human lymphocytes could lead to the generation of mixed-TCR dimers with alloreactivity, although no in vivo data were presented.