tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Myosin Vb uncoupling from RAB8A and RAB11A elicits microvillus inclusion disease
Authors: Byron C. Knowles, Joseph T. Roland, Moorthy Krishnan, Matthew J. Tyska, Lynne A. Lapierre, Paul S. Dickman, James R. Goldenring, Mitchell D. Shub
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) is a severe form of congenital diarrhea that arises from inactivating mutations in the gene encoding myosin Vb (MYO5B). We have examined the association of mutations in MYO5B and disruption of microvillar assembly and polarity in enterocytes. Stable MYO5B knockdown (MYO5B-KD) in CaCo2-BBE cells elicited loss of microvilli, alterations in junctional claudins, and disruption of apical and basolateral trafficking; however, no microvillus inclusions were observed in MYO5B-KD cells. Expression of WT MYO5B in MYO5B-KD cells restored microvilli; however, expression of MYO5B-P660L, a MVID-associated mutation found within Navajo populations, did not rescue the MYO5B-KD phenotype but induced formation of microvillus inclusions. Microvilli establishment required interaction between RAB8A and MYO5B, while loss of the interaction between RAB11A and MYO5B induced microvillus inclusions. Using surface biotinylation and dual immunofluorescence staining in MYO5B-KD cells expressing mutant forms of MYO5B, we observed that early microvillus inclusions were positive for the sorting marker SNX18 and derived from apical membrane internalization. In patients with MVID, MYO5B-P660L results in global changes in polarity at the villus tips that could account for deficits in apical absorption, loss of microvilli, aberrant junctions, and losses in transcellular ion transport pathways, likely leading to the MVID clinical phenotype of neonatal secretory diarrhea.
Differences in coronary flow and myocardial metabolism at rest and during pacing between patients with obstructive and patients with nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Richard O. Cannon, William H. Schenke, Barry J. Maron, Cynthia M. Tracy, Martin B. Leon, John E. Brush, Douglas R. Rosing, Stephen E. Epstein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1987)
Addressing the Burden of Diabetes
Authors: Elizabeth R. Seaquist
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Progression From Hypertension to Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Daniel Levy
Journal: JAMA (1996)

- To study the relative and population-attributable risks of hypertension for the development of congestive heart failure (CHF), to assess the time course of progression from hypertension to CHF, and to identify risk factors that contribute to the development of overt heart failure in hypertensive subjects.- Inception cohort study.- General community.- Original Framingham Heart Study and Framingham Offspring Study participants aged 40 to 89 years and free of CHF. To reflect more contemporary experience, the starting point of this study was January 1, 1970.- Hypertension (blood pressure of at least 140 mm Hg systolic or 90 mm Hg diastolic or current use of medications for treatment of high blood pressure) and other potential CHF risk factors were assessed at periodic clinic examinations.- The development of CHF.- A total of 5143 eligible subjects contributed 72422 person-years of observation. During up to 20.1 years of follow-up (mean, 14.1 years), there were 392 new cases of heart failure; in 91% (357/392), hypertension antedated the development of heart failure. Adjusting for age and heart failure risk factors in proportional hazards regression models, the hazard for developing heart failure in hypertensive compared with normotensive subjects was about 2-fold in men and 3-fold in women. Multivariable analyses revealed that hypertension had a high population-attributable risk for CHF, accounting for 39% of cases in men and 59% in women. Among hypertensive subjects, myocardial infarction, diabetes, left ventricular hypertrophy, and valvular heart disease were predictive of increased risk for CHF in both sexes. Survival following the onset of hypertensive CHF was bleak; only 24% of men and 31% of women survived 5 years.- Hypertension was the most common risk factor for CHF, and it contributed a large proportion of heart failure cases in this population-based sample. Preventive strategies directed toward earlier and more aggressive blood pressure control are likely to offer the greatest promise for reducing the incidence of CHF and its associated mortality.
Role of α <sub>4</sub> Integrin and VCAM-1 in CD18-Independent Neutrophil Migration Across Mouse Cardiac Endothelium
Authors: Robert A. Bowden, Zhi-Ming Ding, Elizabeth M. Donnachie, Thomas K. Petersen, Lloyd H. Michael, Christie M. Ballantyne, Alan R. Burns
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

Myocardial damage due to reperfusion of ischemic tissue is caused primarily by infiltrating neutrophils. Although leukocyte β 2 integrins (CD18) play a critical role, significant neutrophil emigration persists when CD18 is neutralized or absent. This study examined the role of leukocyte β 1 integrin (α 4 ) and its endothelial ligand VCAM-1 in CD18-independent neutrophil migration across cardiac endothelium. In a mouse model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, we show that compared with wild-type mice, neutrophil infiltration efficiency was reduced by 50% in CD18-null mice; in both types of mice, myocardial VCAM-1 staining increased after reperfusion. In wild-type mice, antibodies against CD18, ICAM-1 (an endothelial ligand for CD18), or VCAM-1 given 30 minutes before ischemia did not block neutrophil emigration at 3 hours reperfusion. Although anti-VCAM-1 attenuated neutrophil emigration by 90% in CD18-null mice, it did not diminish myocardial injury. To determine if CD18-independent neutrophil emigration was a tissue-specific response, we used isolated peripheral blood neutrophils from wild-type or CD18-null mice and showed neutrophil migration across lipopolysaccharide-activated cultured cardiac endothelium is CD18-independent, whereas migration across endothelium obtained from inferior vena cava is CD18-dependent. Consistent with our in vivo findings, migration of CD18-deficient neutrophils on cardiac endothelial monolayers is blocked by antibodies against α 4 integrin or VCAM-1. We conclude tissue-specific differences in endothelial cells account, at least partially, for CD18-independent neutrophil infiltration in the heart.
High Incidence of Childhood-Onset IDDM in Kuwait
Authors: Azza A Shaltout, Mariam A Qabazard, Nabila A Abdella, Ronald E LaPorte, Mounira Al Arouj, Abdulla Ben Nekhi, Mohamed A Moussa, Mona A Al Khawari
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

To determine the incidence of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in children aged 0-14 years in Kuwait, as part of the World Health Organization Multinational Collaborative Study (DIAMOND), and to determine if the incidence rates have increased.All cases of IDDM diagnosed before the child's 15th birthday between 1 January 1992 and 31 December 1993 were recorded. Prospective notification of all children with newly diagnosed diabetes who were admitted to hospitals and periodic review of hospital medical records provided the primary source; notification by physicians working in diabetic clinics, in which registry of all new cases is mandatory, provided the secondary source of ascertainment.The degree of ascertainment was 92.2%. The annual incidence of IDDM for children aged 0-14 years over the 2-year period was 15.4/100,000 (95% confidence interval, 12.4-19), with a male:female ratio of 1.2:1. The age-specific annual incidence rates for the age-groups 0-4, 5-9, and 10-14 years were 12.8, 15.1, and 18.3/100,000, respectively, with a male:female ratio of 1.45:1 in the 0- to 4-year-old age-group and an equal sex ratio in the 5- to 9- and 10- to 14-year-old age-groups. No significant difference was detected between incidence rates of IDDM in boys and girls in the three age-groups. There was no significant linear trend toward an increase in IDDM incidence rates as age advanced. Compared with a previous study by Taha et al. (Taha T, Moussa M, Rashed A, Fenech F: Diabetes mellitus in Kuwait: incidence in the first 29 years of life. Diabetologia 25:306-308, 1983), there was a nearly fourfold increase of IDDM in the age-group 0-14 years, mainly in those children < 5 years old, suggesting a rapid increase in a short period of time.Kuwait has the highest incidence of IDDM in children in the region, and an apparently increasing incidence has been demonstrated over the last decade.
Premature Infants Grow Up
Authors: Marie C. McCormick, Douglas K. Richardson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Infants of very low birth weight (less than 1500 g) account for 1 percent of the annual births in the United States (about 40,000 births per year) and for the majority of neonatal deaths. The use of sophisticated technology for neonatal care has dramatically reduced mortality among such infants during the past 30 years. However, this improved survival rate is accompanied by ongoing concern about subsequent health problems, such as cerebral palsy, reactive airway disease, and deficits in cognitive and behavioral development.1 Much of the available information on outcomes is derived from follow-up of children until early in their school . . .
On Diseased Conditions of the Knee-Joint
Authors: W. P. Swain
Journal: BMJ (1866)

<h3>Abstract</h3> People living with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience episodic central nervous system (CNS) white matter lesions instigated by autoreactive T cells. With age, MS patients show evidence of grey matter demyelination and experience devastating non-remitting symptomology. What drives progression is unclear and has been hampered by the lack of suitable animal models. Here we show that passive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by an adoptive transfer of young Th17 cells induces a non-remitting clinical phenotype that is associated with persistent leptomeningeal inflammation and cortical pathology in old, but not young SJL/J mice. While the quantity and quality of T cells did not differ in the brains of old <i>vs</i> young EAE mice, an increase in neutrophils and a decrease in B cells was observed in the brains of old mice. Neutrophils were also found in the leptomeninges of a subset of progressive MS patient brains that showed evidence of leptomeningeal inflammation and subpial cortical demyelination. Taken together, our data show that while Th17 cells initiate CNS inflammation, subsequent clinical symptoms and grey matter pathology are dictated by age and associated with other immune cells such as neutrophils.
Clinical and immunologic aspects of storage mite allergy
Authors: M. van Hage‐Hamsten, E. Johansson
Journal: Allergy (1998)

Exposure to storage (nonpyroglyphid) mites has been increasingly recognized as a cause of asthma and rhinitis. Several species have been identified in Europe: e.g., Lepidoglyphus destructor, Acarus farris/siro, Tyrophagus spp., Glycyphagus domesticus , and Blomia tjibodas. Blomia tropicalis , on the other hand, predominates in subtropical and tropical areas. Studies from several countries have shown that IgE‐mediated allergy in rural populations is of considerable importance and that storage mites are major allergens. Since these mites are found in homes, especially in regions with damp housing conditions, urban populations are at risk of becoming sensitized. Therefore, sensitization is not restricted only to those with occupational exposure. Several major allergens from storage mites have been identified and characterized. There seems to be a limited allergenic cross‐reactivity between storage‐and house dust mites. Molecular cloning has demonstrated that the Group 2 allergens from storage mites (Lep d 2 and Tyr p 2) show more than 40% sequence identity with the Group 2 allergens from Dermatophagoides spp. The availability of a large number of recombinant dust mite allergens will make it possible to investigate their homology and the number of allergens required for the diagnosis and treatment of storage mite allergy.
T-cell reactivity to 38 kD insulin-secretory-granule protein in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes
Authors: B.O. Roep, A.A. Kallan, W.L.W. Hazenbos, R.P. de Vries, G.J. Bruining, E.M. Bailyes, S.D. Arden, J.C. Hutton
Journal: The Lancet (1991)
Method of Estimating Isoniazid in Biological Fluids
Authors: W. F. J. Cuthbertson, D. M. Ireland, W. Wolff, S. W. A. Kuper
Journal: BMJ (1954)

The first I would attribute mainly to pyridoxine defici- ency; the second to deficiency of some other member of the vitamin-B group, pantothenic acid or riboflavine being the most likely.No doubt mixed types occur, since nearly always when one member of the vitamin-B group is deficient, others are also.It is not surprising, therefore, that pyruvate- tolerance tests are abnormal in most cases.Solely from the point of view of therapy, it follows that the ideal treatment is daily intravenous injections of aneurine, with other mem- bers of the vitamin-B group, including pantothenic acid and pyridoxine, in large doses.For the purpose of elucidating these syndromes, however, it would be of great value to treat some cases with pyridoxine or pantothenic acid alone, and to observe the results, being prepared to add the other vitamins if necessary.With regard to animal experiments, a different approach is indicated.The feeding trials of Follis and Wintrobe and of Swank and Adams need to be repeated, but with the emphasis on function, not histology, and with careful assessment of motor and sensory changes by clinical examination of the living animal and by electromyography.This is really only a special case of the generalization that in medicine, except to the anatomist, details of structure are significant only in their relation to function.Swank and Adams report, for example, that the motor roots of certain pyridoxine-deficient animals were normal, but this gives no information about the presence or absence of muscle weak- ness, since the motor nerves might well be functionless at some point distal to the motor root, and retrograde degeneration of nerves does not occur to any great extent (though one might have expected chromatolysis of the anterior horn cells to be visible). SummaryThe importance of recognizing neuropathy in cancer patients is mentioned, and two cases of proximal motor neuropathy in association with carcinoma are de- scribed.In the first, there was also cardiac weakness similar to the mixed type of beriberi.Both cases subsequently recovered neurologically, and there is definite evidence that vitamin B was responsible, particularly pyridoxine.In both the carcinoma is still present, although it has responded to irradiation.These cases should be differentiated from cases of true peripheral neuropathy.A hypothesis based on competition for the vitamin by the tumour cells is suggested.It is also suggested that pyridoxine should be included when treating t.hese cases in future.My thanks are due to Mr.
Anaerobic metabolism and quorum sensing by Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in chronically infected cystic fibrosis airways: rethinking antibiotic treatment strategies and drug targets
Authors: Daniel J. Hassett, John Cuppoletti, Bruce Trapnell, Sergei V. Lymar, John J. Rowe, Sang Sun Yoon, George M. Hilliard, Kislay Parvatiyar, Moneesha C. Kamani, Daniel J. Wozniak, Sung-Hei Hwang, Timothy R. McDermott, Urs A. Ochsner
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2002)
The space in between: The development of joint thinking and planning
Authors: Jennifer M. Jenkins, Keith Oatley
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

We argue that theory-of-mind understanding has developed to facilitate joint thinking and planning, defined as the creation of new mental objects that could not have been created by one mind. Three components of this ability are proposed: the mental architecture indexed by false belief understanding, domain-specific knowledge, and the prioritization of the joint mind over the individual mind.
Clue to Dietary Factors, Dementia, and Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pertussis Vaccine Data Expected by Spring
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1990)

EVALUATION of a number of acellular pertussis vaccines, new and old, is under way. More than 500 children have received one of 11 candidate vaccines or the present whole-cell product. John R. La Montagne, PhD, director, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Division, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md, says enrollment of nearly 1600 children should be complete within 2 months and all the data may be available next March. The vaccines include those that contain only the detoxified lymphocytosis promoting factor, both lymphocytosis promoting factor and another antigen of<i>B pertussis</i>(filamentous hemagglutinin), both these antigens plus a 69-kd protein from the surface of the organism, or a fourth antigen known as "agglutinogen-2." They come from manufacturers in Germany, France, Britain, Italy, Japan, and the United States. The trial is the first effort by the congressionally mandated National Vaccine Program to improve existing vaccines
Referral letters and replies from orthopaedic departments: opportunities missed.
Authors: L G Jacobs, M A Pringle
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To study delays between sending referral letters and the outpatient appointment and to assess the content of referral and reply letters, their educational value, and the extent to which questions asked are answered by reply letters. DESIGN--Retrospective review of referrals to 16 consultant orthopaedic surgeons at five hospitals, comprising 288 referral letters with corresponding replies, by scoring contents of letters. SETTING--Orthopaedic teaching hospitals in Nottingham, Derby, and Mansfield. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Weighted scores of contents of referral and reply letters, assessment of their educational value, and responses to questions in referral letters. RESULTS--Median outpatient delay was 23.4 weeks. There was no significant decrease in waiting time if the referral letter was marked "urgent" but a significantly greater delay (p less than 0.01) if referrals were directed to an unnamed consultant. The content score was generally unsatisfactory for both referrals and replies, and there was no correlation for the content scores of the referral letter and its reply (r = 0.13). Items of education were rare in the referral letters (8/288; 3%) and significantly more common in replies (75/288; 26%) (p much less than 0.001). Senior registrars were significantly more likely to attempt education than other writers (p less than 0.02). Education in replies was significantly related to increased length of the letter (p less than 0.05) and was more likely to occur if the referral was addressed to a named consultant (p less than 0.03). 48 (17%) Referral letters asked questions, of which 21 (44%) received a reply. No factor was found to influence the asking of or replying to questions. CONCLUSIONS--The potential for useful communication in the referral letter and in the reply from orthopaedic surgeons is being missed at a number of levels. The content is often poor, the level of mutual education is low, and the use of the referral letter to determine urgency is deficient. Most questions asked by general practitioners are not answered.
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF PRETREATMENT AONG CONTEMPORARY ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS TREATED WITH PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION: INSIGHTS FROM THE TRANSLATE-ACS STUDY
Authors: Mark B. Effron, Tracy Wang, Gregg Fonarow, Timothy Henry, Marjorie Zettler, Brian Baker, Lisa McCoy, Eric Peterson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The good, the bad, and the victims
Authors: K McKenzie
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Watch out, Britain - foreign fringe therapists are coming. In an operation more sinister than the invasion of the body snatchers, they plan to take over children's minds, turn them against their parents, and so break up families. Using hypnosis, suggestion, and sometimes even truth drugs they will plant false memories of child sex abuse which will be believed by the hapless victims.

But a television documentary team has uncovered the plot. The team has talked to parents whose children have fallen prey and a victim who escaped from the therapists' clutches. An undercover reporter has managed to get footage of one of the villains in action, and the team has found a psychologist who …
Cherchez la Chienne
Authors: Helen Vodopick
Journal: JAMA (1975)

PHYSICIANS are called on with increasing frequency to be sleuths. With the wide distribution of proprietary medicines and numerous chemical compounds, the ability to pinpoint any one of these as a cause of organ dysfunction or failure becomes a formidable task for the busy physician. The number of patients found to have aplastic anemia has apparently increased, presumably because of greater exposure to many toxic agents. Physicians caring for such patients know how difficult it is to determine which agent is the offender. Exposure to proved toxins may be overlooked because they appear in forms that mask their identity. To draw attention to one such agent that may cause marrow suppression is the purpose of this report. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> Because of an accidental fall down a flight of stairs, a 2-year-old boy, who had been in good health, was taken to a pediatrician. On physical examination, the patient