tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunological study of complex formation between soluble transferrin receptor and transferrin
Authors: A. Kogan, V. Filatov, N. Gusev, A. Bereznikova, O. Kolosova, A. Katrukha
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

Transferrin receptor (TfR) is a dimeric transmembrane protein that provides iron transport from plasma to cells by binding and internalization of iron-loaded transferrin (Tf). Soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) is an extracellular part of the TfR molecule that is truncated from the cell surface and released into the blood stream. Using monoclonal antibodies (HyTest Ltd., Turku, Finland), immunofluorescent methods for sTfR and sTfR-Tf complex determination were developed. Soluble TfR was isolated from human plasma, and complex formation between sTfR and Tf was studied by stepwise complex construction and by FPLC gel filtration. It was found that sTfR could bind two Tf molecules step by step when the sTfR-Tf complex is constructed in the plate wells. FPLC gel filtration of sTfR-Tf mixtures and analysis of sTfR and sTfR-Tf immunological activities in collected fractions showed that sTfR can form different complexes with TF depending upon the ratios between them: a 291-kDa compound is assumed to be a 2:1 sTfR/Tf complex, and a 345-kDa compound is assumed to be a 2:2 sTfR/Tf complex. Isolated sTfR eluted as a 237-kDa protein. FPLC gel filtration of serum revealed that all sTfR in serum is bound to Tf in a 2:2 complex, and no isolated sTfR can be found in serum. This raises the question as to the nature of the bonds that hold two molecules of sTfR together to form a dimer.
Nature of fetal hemoglobin in the Greek type of hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin with and without concurrent β-thalassemia
Authors: T. H. J. Huisman, W. A. Schroeder, George Stamatoyannopoulos, Nicole Bouver, J. Roger Shelton, Joan Balog Shelton, Gerald Apell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

The fetal hemoglobin in the affected members of three Greek families with the hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin has only γ-chains of the type with alanine in position 136. Although certain Negro families had been considered to have only this type of γ-chains in their fetal hemoglobin, further studies required that they be reclassified. Consequently, the Greek cases are the sole examples of this class among the heterozygotes for the hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin. In Greek double heterozygotes for β-thalassemia and the hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin, fetal hemoglobin is increased above the level of hemoglobin F in simple heterozygotes and γ-chains with glycine in position 136 become apparent. In these individuals, γ-chains with alanine in position 136 apparently derive from the chromosome for the hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin and are present in the hemoglobin F with γ-chains of both types from the chromosome for β-thalassemia. When these data are correlated with earlier knowledge of the genetic state of the Greek individuals, modifications of our previous ideas about deletions as the genetic basis of the hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin must be considered.
Selective loss of calcium permeability on maturation of reticulocytes.
Authors: J S Wiley, C C Shaller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Calcium and sodium permeability of human reticulocytes have been studied and compared to mature erythrocytes. Mature erythrocytes had extremely low Ca2+ permeability which was less than 0.1% of values published for squid axon or HeLa cells. Calcium entry was markedly increased in reticulocyte-rich suspensions and the uptake was linearly related to the percentage of reticulocytes present. The data suggest that reticulocytes are 43-fold more permeable to Ca2+ than mature cells although their Ca2+ concentration is not increased. Sodium influx into reticulocyte-rich suspensions was also increased in direct proportion to the percent of reticulocytes present. Reticulocytes are sixfold more permeable to Na+ than mature cells so the ratio of Ca2+:Na+ permeability falls by sevenfold as the reticulocyte changes to an erythrocyte. [3H]Ouabain binding was increased in reticulocyte-rich cell suspensions and the correlation suggested a value of about 4,000 sites per reticulocyte compared with 362+/-69 per mature cell. Maturation of the human reticulocyte produces disproportionate changes in cation permeability and in particular a selective loss of Ca2+ permeability.
Acute myocardial infarct extension into a previously preserved subendocardial region at risk in dogs and patients.
Authors: R Forman, S Cho, S M Factor, E S Kirk
Journal: Circulation (1983)

In this study we quantitated the region of preserved myocardium between a subendocardial myocardial infarct (SEMI) and the endocardium in dogs and determined whether this preserved zone was within the region at risk and whether infarct extension could occur in this region. We also evaluated whether a similar subendocardial region exists in patients with SEMI. A 40-minute temporary occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in eight dogs resulted in a 35 +/- 5% transmural infarct with 8 +/- 1% subendocardial preservation as assessed by point-counting of the histologic specimens. In vivo perfusion of coronary vessels with Microfil showed that this preserved subendocardial zone was within the region at risk. The preserved subendocardial zone had significantly fewer cell layers in the dogs ventilated with room air than in dogs ventilated with 100% oxygen (8 +/- 4 vs 19 +/- 4, p less than 0.001), which suggests that diffusion from the ventricular cavity was the mechanism of cell preservation. In contrast, the inspired oxygen concentration did not influence the size of the SEMI. Reocclusion of the LAD for 24 hours in an additional eight dogs, 1 week after a SEMI had been created by a 40-minute temporary occlusion, resulted in both subendocardial and subepicardial extension involving 5 +/- % and 29 +/- 9%, respectively, of the transmural myocardium at the infarct center. Subendocardial infarct extension of a similar dimension to that in dogs ventilated on 100% oxygen was observed in postmortem material from eight patients with infarct extension. The preserved layers of subendocardium presumably receive sufficient nutrients from the ventricular cavity to maintain the viability of this region during temporary, but not permanent, reduction of blood supply from the coronary arteries.
Cerebral malaria and intravascular coagulation.
Authors: D. Paar, E. Konig, I. Fonk, G. Brittinger
Journal: BMJ (1970)

SIR,-The immunization schedules recently published under the heading "Today's Drugs" (19 September, p. 691) contribute to the clarification which is always necessary in this field.The series of immunizations to be performed in the whole children's population must be subject to as much agreement as possible.We took part in a discussion in the B.M.7. on this in 1959.1The questions raised have since been the subject at the International Children's Centre of several inquiries by several teams both in the field and in the laboratory.The results obtained have been published in part.On the basis of these results, we recommend the following immunization schedule (up to 15 years of age): Age Immunizations 3, 4, 5 months D.P.T. (adsorbed vaccine) +live vaccine polio immunization 12 months Smallpox vaccination 16-18 months D.P.T. booster 1-2 years Measles vaccine (live) 6 years Polio immunization booster 7-8 years D.T. booster 10 years Smallpox revaccination 11 years Polio immunization booster D.P.T. =Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus.D.T. = Diphtheria, Tetanus.
Abstract P3-04-05: Kinomic and phospho-proteomic analysis of breast cancer stem-like cells
Authors: R Leth-Larsen, AG Christensen, S Ehmsen, M Moeller, G Palmisano, MR Larsen, HJ Ditzel
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Cancer stem cells are thought to be responsible for tumorigenic potential and to possess resistance mechanisms against chemotherapy- and radiation-induced cancer cell death, while the bulk of a tumor lacks these capacities. The resistance mechanisms may cause these cells to survive and become the source of later tumor recurrence, highlighting the need for therapeutic strategies that specifically target pathways central to these cancer stem cells. The CD44hi/CD24−/low compartment of human breast cancer is enriched in tumor-initiating cells; however the functional heterogeneity within this subpopulation remains poorly defined. From a triple-negative breast cancer cell line we isolated and cloned CD44hi single-cells that exhibited functional heterogeneity according to cancer stem cell features, such as tumor formation in immunodeficient mice, mammosphere formation, invasion and migration abilities and sensitivity to chemotherapeutics. Quantitative proteomic analysis of these clones revealed several proteins, including kinases, exhibiting altered expression levels, while other proteins exhibited altered phosphorylation levels. The quantitative proteomic approach was based on post digestion dimethyl labeling followed by TiO2 enrichment of phosphopeptides. Moreover, analysis of the flowthrough fraction revealed quantitative changes in the total proteome. Transcriptomic analysis using Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST Arrays revealed similar alterations at the gene expression level. We used these single cell clones to further investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the association between selected proteins, some of them phosphorylated, and cancer stem cell features. Furthermore, phosphosite-expression was investigated with NetworKIN that predicts in vivo kinase-substrate relationships. Our studies reveal pathways that are regulated by protein phosphorylation and include relevant kinase targets for drug discovery. Our results support functional heterogeneity in the breast cancer cell compartment and hold promise for further refinements of prognostic marker profiling of cells with cancer stem cell-like features. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-04-05.
MicroRNA-101 Inhibited Postinfarct Cardiac Fibrosis and Improved Left Ventricular Compliance via the FBJ Osteosarcoma Oncogene/Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Pathway
Authors: Zhenwei Pan, Xuelin Sun, Hongli Shan, Ning Wang, Jinghao Wang, Jinshuai Ren, Shuya Feng, Liangjun Xie, Chunying Lu, Ye Yuan, Yang Zhang, Ying Wang, Yanjie Lu, Baofeng Yang
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Cardiac interstitial fibrosis is a major cause of the deteriorated performance of the heart in patients with chronic myocardial infarction. MicroRNAs (miRs) have recently been proven to be a novel class of regulators of cardiovascular diseases, including those associated with cardiac fibrosis. This study aimed to explore the role of miR-101 in cardiac fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms.Four weeks after coronary artery ligation of rats, the expression of miR-101a and miR-101b (miR-101a/b) in the peri-infarct area was decreased. Treatment of cultured rat neonatal cardiac fibroblasts with angiotensin II also suppressed the expression of miR-101a/b. Forced expression of miR-101a/b suppressed the proliferation and collagen production in rat neonatal cardiac fibroblasts, as revealed by cell counting, MTT assay, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The effect was abrogated by cotransfection with AMO-101a/b, the antisense inhibitors of miR-101a/b. c-Fos was found to be a target of miR-101a because overexpression of miR-101a decreased the protein and mRNA levels of c-Fos and its downstream protein transforming growth factor-β1. Silencing c-Fos by siRNA mimicked the antifibrotic action of miR-101a, whereas forced expression of c-Fos protein canceled the effect of miR-101a in cultured cardiac fibroblasts. Strikingly, echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements indicated remarkable improvement of the cardiac performance 4 weeks after adenovirus-mediated overexpression of miR-101a in rats with chronic myocardial infarction. Furthermore, the interstitial fibrosis was alleviated and the expression of c-Fos and transforming growth factor-β1 was inhibited.Overexpression of miR-101a can mitigate interstitial fibrosis and the deterioration of cardiac performance in postinfarct rats, indicating the therapeutic potential of miR-101a for cardiac disease associated with fibrosis.
Mdr 2 knockout mice link biliary phospholipid deficiency with small bile duct destruction Smit JJM, Schinkel AH, Oude Elferink RPJ, Groen AK, Wagenaar B., von Deemter L, Mol CAAM, et al. Homozygous disruption of the murine mdr2 p-glycoprotein gene leads to a complete absence of phospholipid from bile and to liver disease. Cell 1993; 75: 451–462
Authors: C Leveille-Webster
Journal: Hepatology (1994)
In Active Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis, Effector T Cell Resistance to Adaptive T <sub>regs</sub> Involves IL-6–Mediated Signaling
Authors: Anya Schneider, Sarah Alice Long, Karen Cerosaletti, Chester T. Ni, Peter Samuels, Mariko Kita, Jane Hoyt Buckner
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2013)

Effector T cells in patients with active RRMS can be resistant to immune tolerance through a mechanism involving IL-6R signaling.
Reference to Transposition, Dextrocardia and the Concept of Four Normal Hearts
Authors: PAUL STANGER, ROBERT C. BENASSI, MICHAEL E. KORNS, KENNETH L. JUE, JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1968)

A system of loose leaf diagrams is presented for the purpose of portraying the various types of cardiac structure. Appropriate assembly of the diagrams may be used to define the anatomic details in a given case of which a permanent machine-copy may be made and the basic diagrams re-used. The diagrams may be used as teaching devices to illustrate the interrelationships between (1) transposition of the great vessels, (2) inversion of the various cardiac chambers and great vessels, and (3) dextrocardia. The material lends itself to illustration of the concept of "four normal hearts;" that is, the fact that although structurally different, there are four anatomic patterns of heart which allow a normal route for the flow of blood. The diagrams also may be used to illustrate certain features about potential cardiac transplantation. These include the point that for the recipient with a certain body type (situs solitus or situs inversus), normal channels for the flow of blood may be obtained from a donor with one of three types of cardiac structure. These are either the normal or that of corrected transposition of the same body type as the recipient or complete transposition in a donor with the opposite body type from that of the recipient.
311 nm UVB phototherapy—an effective treatment for psoriasis
Authors: CATHY GREEN, J. FERGUSON, T. LAKSHMIPATHI, B.E. JOHNSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Fifty two psoriatic patients were treated with a new experimental fluorescent lamp (Philips TL‐01) emitting a narrow band at 311 ± 2 nm (UVB) which had the advantage of a reduction in burning and carcinogenic wavelengths when compared with conventional broad band UVB therapy. Results of the '311' treated group when compared with broad band UVB therapy revealed a similar percentage of patients achieving a satisfactory response with fewer burning episodes and an increase in duration of remission.
Bush plans to screen whole US population for mental illness
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A sweeping mental health initiative will be unveiled by President George W Bush in July. The plan promises to integrate mentally ill patients fully into the community by providing “services in the community, rather than institutions,” according to a March 2004 progress report entitled New Freedom Initiative (www.whitehouse.gov/infocus/newfreedom/toc-2004.html). While some praise the plan's goals, others say it protects the profits of drug companies at the expense of the public.

Bush established the New Freedom Commission on Mental Health in April 2002 to conduct a “comprehensive study of the United States mental health service delivery system.” The commission issued its recommendations in July 2003. Bush instructed more than 25 federal agencies to develop an implementation plan based on those recommendations.

The president's commission found that “despite their prevalence, mental disorders often go undiagnosed” and recommended comprehensive mental health screening for “consumers of all ages,” including preschool children. According to the commission, “Each year, young children are expelled from preschools and childcare facilities for severely disruptive behaviours and emotional disorders.” Schools, wrote the commission, are in a “key position” to screen the 52 million students and 6 million adults who work at the schools.

The …
Acute Adverse Reactions to Ibuprofen in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: William R. Finch
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Three young women with systemic lupus erythematosus who were given ibuprofen for arthritis voluntarily discontinued taking the drug. On reinstitution of therapy, profound hypotension, fever, and headaches developed within hours, without other identifiable cause. A possible relationship to salicylate intolerance was considered. Because of these apparent side effects, we stress caution in the use of ibuprofen in systemic lupus erythematosus, particularly if there is any history of salicylate intolerance.
Swelling, spondylitis, and spears.
Authors: G Clunie
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

Karimui is one of the most isolated places in the highlands of Papua New Guinea.It is the central village on a vast sparsely populated plateau of subtropical jungle stretching between the central mountain range and the southern coastal plain (Fig. 1).Karimui's inhabitants live as they've always done (Fig 2 ); wood, stick, or reed walled homes with roofs matted thickly with palm leaves, house families who exist together farming small sub- sistence crop gardens and breeding pigs, their most valuable commodity.Inaccessible by road, the area relies exclusively on light aircraft links for communi-
THE MANAGEMENT OF CANCER OF THE BREAST
Authors: ARTHUR W. ERSKINE
Journal: JAMA (1927)

From statistics such as those of the Leeds report, the Massachusetts General Hospital report, and the papers of the Mayo Clinic, and from the clinical observations of any of us who see a considerable number of patients with cancer of the breast, we are compelled to draw at least one obvious conclusion; namely, that the prospect of achieving a surgical cure depends almost entirely on the state of the disease at which the patient submits to operation. Although the prognosis is slightly modified by the degree of malignancy and by the age of the patient, it is favorable in from 65 to 90 per cent of the cases in which the tumor is confined to the breast, and it is hopeless in from 80 to 90 per cent of the cases presenting axillary metastases. If this is true, as is generally agreed, it would seem that we have in our
Increased DNA strand breaks in mononuclear cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: L L Bhusate, K E Herbert, D L Scott, D Perrett
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

The study of the pattern of osteoarthritis in different populations may yield valuable aetiological clues and also allow subtypes to be defined. Over one year 252 osteoarthritic joints from 140 patients seen at a West African teaching hospital were prospectively reviewed. The knee was the joint most often affected. Hip and hand disease, as well as Heberden9s nodes, were uncommon. Joint disease was predominantly monoarticular; no patient had three or more sites affected.
Liver grafts from CD39-overexpressing rodents are protected from ischemia reperfusion injury due to reduced numbers of resident CD4<sup>+</sup>T cells
Authors: Sandra Pommey, Bo Lu, Jennifer McRae, John Stagg, Prue Hill, Evelyn Salvaris, Simon C. Robson, Anthony J.F. d'Apice, Peter J. Cowan, Karen M. Dwyer
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major limiting event for successful liver transplantation, and CD4+ T cells and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells have been implicated in promoting IRI. We hypothesized that hepatic overexpression of CD39, an ectonucleotidase with antiinflammatory functions, will protect liver grafts after prolonged cold ischemia. CD39-transgenic (CD39tg) and wildtype (WT) mouse livers were transplanted into WT recipients after 18 hours cold storage and pathological analysis was performed 6 hours after transplantation. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and interleukin (IL)-6 were significantly reduced in recipients of CD39tg livers compared to recipients of WT livers. Furthermore, less severe histopathological injury was demonstrated in the CD39tg grafts. Immune analysis revealed that CD4+ T cells and iNKT cells were significantly decreased in number in the livers of untreated CD39tg mice. This was associated with a peripheral CD4+ T cell lymphopenia due to defective thymocyte maturation. To assess the relative importance of liver-resident CD4+ T cells and iNKT cells in mediating liver injury following extended cold preservation and transplantation, WT mice depleted of CD4+ T cells or mice genetically deficient in iNKT cells were used as donors. The absence of CD4+ T cells, but not iNKT cells, protected liver grafts from early IRI. Conclusion: Hepatic CD4+ T cells, but not iNKT cells, play a critical role in early IRI following extended cold preservation in a liver transplant model. (HEPATOLOGY 2013)
Postgraduate Education of Community Physicians
Authors: Stephen E. Goldfinger
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The traditional approach to postgraduate medical education for community physicians has been lecture-oriented—planned without consulting the physicians as to their needs, and executed in front of screens and blackboards rather than patients. This communication describes a rather different venture designed to fulfill the specific needs outlined by a group of three general practitioners, each of them out of medical school for at least 20 years. They had retired from their individual practices in order to start as the core of a group which they hoped would reach five in number and which would be responsible for the full-time coverage of the emergency ward of a nearby community hospital of 343 beds. These physicians desired a course that would provide guidance and experience in modern emergencyward techniques—and they explicitly stated that they would be happy to learn and work alongside young interns and residents. This report of the program that was
THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC MALARIAL FEVER BY SUBCUTANEOUS INJECTIONS OF QUININE BIHYDROBROMATE
Authors: G. B. Ferguson
Journal: BMJ (1902)

MALARIA. LMEI1 Ahu 439 in medicine and surgery, but also in the various special depart- ments will be forthcoming.A professional staff, with numerous assistants, will be appointed from the R.A.M.C., while the Staff College will afford opportunities for the training of lieu- tenant probationers and also of officers, for periods of study and practical work during their term of service.As this hos-
Transplantation for Bilateral Renal Tumors
Authors: James E. Clark
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor.—  In the report entitled,  Allotransplantation for Bilateral Renal Tumors, (210:1721, 1969), Case 2, known to have tuberous sclerosis, had what appears to have been benign mesenchymomas (hamartomatous angiomyolipoma) in both kidneys necessitating the removal of one. In a similar case (Arch Intern Med120:70-80, 1967), a patient having benign mesenchymomas bilaterally without evidence of tuberous sclerosis underwent a right nephrectomy in 1962 and a left nephrectomy in 1965, necessitating the implantation of an arteriovenous shunt and maintenance extracorporeal hemodialysis. A renal homotransplantation from a fraternal twin (by Dr. David Hume) in 1966 was successful.  This should lend further strength to Dr. Jochimsen's projection of eventual successful transplantation in his patient when the patient's condition eventually warranted removal of the remaining kidney.