tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Stressed out: the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor as a target of stress
Authors: Andrew M. Bellinger, Marco Mongillo, Andrew R. Marks
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Over the past century, understanding the mechanisms underlying muscle fatigue and weakness has been the focus of much investigation. However, the dominant theory in the field, that lactic acidosis causes muscle fatigue, is unlikely to tell the whole story. Recently, dysregulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release has been associated with impaired muscle function induced by a wide range of stressors, from dystrophy to heart failure to muscle fatigue. Here, we address current understandings of the altered regulation of SR Ca2+ release during chronic stress, focusing on the role of the SR Ca2+ release channel known as the type 1 ryanodine receptor.
How should endoscopic accessories be selected: trial or error?
Authors: M A NARAIN
Journal: Gut (2000)

See article on page 395 

Before being put on the market, medicines undergo stringent evaluation of their efficacy and safety, satisfying the regulatory bodies of individual countries. The costs of these activities are borne by manufacturers or developers who may later be held responsible for subsequent shortcomings. By contrast, medical devices, as for example those used in endoscopic procedures, require no such prior assessment in many countries. In the United Kingdom, since June 1998, all new products must satisfy the requirements of the Medical Devices Agency,1 the UK Competent Authority, to be awarded the CE mark allowing use throughout the European Community. Endoscopists and assistants commonly learn of new products from commercial stands at exhibitions held alongside scientific meetings or from manufacturers' representatives or sales staff. The apparent virtues and novelty of products are exhorted whereas objective clinical evidence of efficacy or safety is usually not available. Phase III development is not a clearly defined prerequisite before device marketing. Why should devices be less well investigated and evaluated than drugs when offered for sale? The initiative and ingenuity of manufacturers in developing and producing new equipment is to be warmly commended, but enthusiasm for sales ahead of rigorous clinical evaluation must be seriously questioned.

Endoscopists are confronted with an overwhelming range of equipment from competing companies and at present choices …
The Celestial Fire of Conscience — Refusing to Deliver Medical Care
Authors: R. Alta Charo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Interview with Professor R. Alta Charo on "conscience clauses" and the refusal to deliver medical care. (07:03)Download Apparently heeding George Washington's call to "labor to keep alive in your breast that little spark of celestial fire called conscience," physicians, nurses, and pharmacists are increasingly claiming a right to the autonomy not only to refuse to provide services they find objectionable, but even to refuse to refer patients to another provider and, more recently, to inform them of the existence of legal options for care.Largely as artifacts of the abortion wars, at least 45 states have "conscience clauses" on their books — laws that balance a physician's conscientious objection to performing an abortion with the profession's obligation . . .
Glycohemoglobins and Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Arye Lev-Ran
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Glycohemoglobin (GHb) levels were assayed after chromatography on weakly acidic acrylic cationite columns in 167 patients undergoing glucose tolerance test (GTT) and in 105 known diabetics. In 95% of patients with normal GTT levels, the GHb level was in the range of 6.8% to 9.8%. The GHb level was normal in patients with latent diabetes. Glycohemoglobin levels were elevated in patients with poorly controlled diabetes. Even in patients with normal GTT results, GHb levels correlated positively with fasting plasma glucose and glucose tolerance values. In patients with abnormal GTT results or diabetes but not receiving insulin therapy, the correlation between GHb levels and fasting plasma glucose values was significant. The GHb level that distinguished between latent and overt diabetes correlated strongly with the values of fasting plasma glucose and glucose tolerance and reflected changes in the control of diabetes.
IL-4 specific-response in whole blood associates with human Cystic Echinococcosis and cyst activity
Authors: Linda Petrone, Valentina Vanini, Elisa Petruccioli, Giuseppe Maria Ettorre, Elisa Busi Rizzi, Vincenzo Schininà, Enrico Girardi, Alessandra Ludovisi, María Ángeles Gómez-Morales, Edoardo Pozio, Antonella Teggi, Delia Goletti
Journal: Journal of Infection (2014)
Early Mobilization after Myocardial Infarction: a Controlled Study
Authors: H. J. Lamers, W. S. J. Drost, B. J. M. Kroon, L. A. van Es, L. J. Meilink-Hoedemaker, W. H. Birkenhager
Journal: BMJ (1973)

During the years 1968-71 203 patients with proved myocardial infarction were admitted to the trial. Patients were mobilized either on day 10 (102 patients) or on day 20 (100 patients). All patients were kept in hospital for 30 days in order to ensure a detailed comparison of clinical course and laboratory data. In neither group was there a fatal complication and the differences in clinical outcome or laboratory data were statistically not significant. Half of the patients from each group were re-examined after an average of one-and-a-half years, and again no differences were observed. It is concluded that patients with an uncomplicated myocardial infarction may safely be mobilized after 9 days and discharged after three weeks.
Fast Fibrosis Progression Between Repeated Liver Biopsies in Patients Coinfected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Hepatitis C Virus†
Authors: Juan Macías, Juan Berenguer, Miguel A. Japón, José A. Girón, Antonio Rivero, Luis F. López-Cortés, Ana Moreno, Mercedes González-Serrano, José A. Iribarren, Enrique Ortega, Pilar Miralles, José A. Mira, Juan A. Pineda
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

A few studies have assessed the observed fibrosis progression between serial liver biopsies (LB) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) / hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected patients. Approximately half of the patients progressed at least one fibrosis stage over a short period of time. The risk factors for this fast progression need clarification. Because of this, we evaluated the observed fibrosis progression rates of HIV/HCV-coinfected patients and the risk factors for accelerated progression. Overall, 135 HIV-infected patients with positive serum HCV RNA, without other possible causes of liver disease, who underwent two LB, separated at least by 1 year, were included in this retrospective cohort study. The median (Q1-Q3) time between both LBs was 3.3 (2.0-5.2) years. Patients showed the following changes in fibrosis stage: regression ≥1 stage: 23 (17%), no change: 52 (39%), progression 1 stage: 38 (28%), and progression ≥2 stages: 22 (16%). Seventeen (13%) patients had cirrhosis in the second biopsy. Factors independently associated with progression ≥1 stage were undetectable plasma HIV RNA during the follow-up (relative risk [RR] [95% confidence interval, 95% CI] 0.61 [0.39-0.93], P = 0.03), moderate-to-severe lobular necroinflammation (1.77 [1.16-2.7], P = 0.009), time between biopsies (1.11 [1.08-1.2], P = 0.01), and end of treatment response to anti-HCV therapy (0.41 [0.19-0.88], P = 0.02). Conclusion: Fibrosis progresses with high frequency in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients over a period of time of 3 years. Absent-to-mild lobular necroinflammation at baseline, achievement of response with anti-HCV treatment, and effective antiretroviral therapy are associated with slower fibrosis progression. (Hepatology 2009.)
REVISED DIRECTIONS FOR MAKING AND USING THE WRIGHT BLOOD-STAIN
Authors: JAMES HOMER WRIGHT
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Reports of unsatisfactory results obtained by some workers with the blood-staining fluid which I devised a number of years ago, and recent personal experience with it, have made clear to me that the directions for its preparation and application should be revised in order that certain faults in its working may be corrected or prevented. It is believed that the revised directions which are here given will enable the multitude of users of this reagent to obtain by it brilliant staining effects with more certainty and constancy than heretofore. <h3>PREPARATION OF THE STAINING FLUID</h3> To a 0.5 per cent. aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate add methylene blue (B. X. or "medicinally pure") in the proportion of 1 gm. of the dye to each 100 c.c. of the solution. Heat the mixture in a steam sterilizer at 100 C. for one full hour, counting the time after the sterilizer has become
Early Induction of Labor in Intrauterine Death
Authors: Sumner H. Gochberg, Duncan E. Reid
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

IN earlier years the accepted management of the dead fetus in utero was one of watchful expectancy. The physician awaited the spontaneous onset of labor, which, fortunately, in most such cases occurred within two or three weeks. This complacent attitude negating physician intervention was altered when it was realized that in a number of patients bearing a dead fetus for over a period of four or five weeks, a disturbance in the coagulation mechanism could develop, resulting in vaginal bleeding that was sometimes of serious proportions. Among other laboratory findings in these cases was a depressed plasma fibrinogen level.Incidence . . .
Aplastic Anemia From Veterinary Phenylbutazone
Authors: Robert Ramsey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

PHENYLBUTAZONE is an effective and widely used anti-inflammatory agent in animals as well as man. We observed a patient in whom fatal aplastic anemia developed after taking phenylbutazone prepared for veterinary use in horses. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 20-year-old professional jockey was admitted to the hospital on Dec 16, 1975, with a two-week history of spontaneous bruising and listlessness. He admitted taking phenylbutazone in the form of crumbled 1-gm horse tablets about 20 times in the previous three years. One month before admission, he took 2 gm of horse phenylbutazone for more than three days for mild but painful injuries sustained in a fall. He was also taking furosemide, 40 mg/day, and occasional cathartics. Results of the physical examination showed pallor and widespread ecchymoses. The blood cell count showed a hemoglobin level of 5.6 gm/100 ml, a white blood cell count of 650/μl (18% neutrophils, 79% lymphocytes, and 3%
Increased expression of aquaporin 3 in atopic eczema
Authors: M. Olsson, A. Broberg, M. Jernås, L. Carlsson, M. Rudemo, M. Suurküla, P.‐A. Svensson, M. Benson
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Dry skin in atopic eczema depends on increased water loss. The mechanisms behind this are poorly understood. The aim of this work was to identify genes that may contribute to water loss in eczema.Affymetrix DNA microarrays U133A were used to analyse gene expression in skin biopsies from 10 patients with atopic eczema and 10 healthy controls.DNA microarray analysis showed up-regulation of 262 genes and down-regulation of 129 genes in atopic eczema. The known functions of these genes were analysed using Gene Ontology to identify genes that could contribute to increased water loss. This led to identification of aquaporin 3 (AQP3), which has a key role in hydrating healthy epidermis. Increased expression of AQP3 was found in eczema compared with healthy skin. This was confirmed with real-time polymerase chain reaction (P<0.001). In healthy skin, epidermal AQP3 immunoreactivity was weak and mainly found in the stratum basale. A gradient was formed with decreasing AQP3 staining in the lower layers of the stratum spinosum. By contrast, in acute and chronic atopic eczema strong AQP3 staining was found in both the stratum basale and the stratum spinosum.Aquaporin 3 is the predominant aquaporin in human skin. Increased expression and altered cellular distribution of AQP3 is found in eczema and this may contribute to water loss.
Platelet Thrombosthenin: Subcellular Localization and Function*
Authors: Ralph L. Nachman, Aaron J. Marcus, Lenore B. Safier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1967)

Thrombosthenin, an immunologically distinct contractile protein was isolated in relatively pure form from human platelets. The protein, which was of high molecular weight appeared to be composed of multiple polypeptide subunits, probably polymeric in nature.Thrombosthenin had magnesium-dependent ATPase activisty, releasing an average of 3 mug phosphorus per mg protein in 30 min. After the addition of ATP, there was a reversible alteration in viscosity with calculated ATP sensitivity ranging from 64 to 90%. These biochemical properties of thrombosthenin resemble those of smooth muscle.Specific antisera to thrombosthenin significantly inhibited the ATPase activity of the protein. Clot retraction of recalcified platelet-rich plasma and clot retraction of clotted fibrinogen-platelet mixtures were also inhibited by the antisera. The findings suggest that thrombosthenin is an important component of the clot retraction system.Thrombosthenin was extracted from isolated platelet granule and membrane fractions. The contractile protein derived from the membrane compartment was more active as an ATPase and appeared to be more homogeneous on immunologic analysis.
Survival rate after NHS heart surgery is higher than European average
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Survival rate after NHS heart surgery is higher than European average Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Studies of Patients with Renal Hypertension Undergoing Vascular Surgery
Authors: Victor Vertes, James A. Grauel, Harry Goldblatt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

IT is now well established that renal ischemia, unilateral or bilateral, brought about by any pathologic process, may cause hypertension in man,1 , 2 as it does in animals.3 As in animals, if the renal ischemia is unilateral, and the contralateral kidney is normal, or at least not ischemic, excision of the ischemic kidney cures the hypertension.4 5 6 No fall in the blood pressure was observed when the more diseased kidney was removed from a patient with bilateral nephrosclerosis.7 Since the ischemia in the laboratory animal is due to constriction of the main renal artery by a metal clamp and not to organic, . . .
"Coliform Diarrhoea" in Adult Hospital Patients
Authors: W. McNaught, J. S. Stevenson
Journal: BMJ (1953)

Five hundred and seventy strains of Gram-positive, catalase-positive, coagulasenegative cocci from various sources were classified on the basis of their ability to grow anaerobically and to ferment mannitol. Five groups were distinguished. The frequency of strains classified in the five groups varied with the source. Only 26% of the strains were sensitive to all the nine antibiotics used in the tests. About half the strains from the lesions of hospital patients were resistant to penicillin, streptomycin, and tetracycline, and about 10% of them were resistant to cloxacillin. In general the frequency of antibiotic resistance and the `width9 of the resistance spectrum were greater in strains from hospital sources than in those from outside hospital, and they were also greater among strains regarded as falling in the genus <i>Staphylococcus</i> than in those classed as <i>Micrococcus.</i>
ABC of antenatal care. Detection and management of congenital abnormalities--II.
Authors: G Chamberlain
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Testing in mid-pregnancy Structural abnormalitiesOpen neural tube defects such as anencephaly and open spina bifida allow cc fetoprotein to escape from cerebral spinal fluid into the amniotic fluid, whence it is absorbed into the maternal blood, producing higher than normal concentrations.This is the basis of a fetoprotein screening performed between 14 and 16 weeks.It is virtually non-invasive, entailing only taking a blood sample, and has a high predictive value.Fetal gestational age must be estimated by ultrasonography.False positive results can be caused by multiple pregnancy, a dead fetus, bleeding behind the placenta (which may manifest as a threatened abortion), and a few rather rarer abnormalities of the fetus such as gastroschisis.If the serum cc fetoprotein concentration is high either an amniotic fluid sample can be obtained by amniocentesis or a special ultrasound scan is performed to examine the spine and head carefully at 18-19 weeks of gestation.Maternal serum (x fetoprotein concentration by weeks of gestation.The upper line is taken as the boundary of the normal group, so it is important to date the pregnancy precisely-that is, by ultrasound measurement of the biparietal diameter.
PERICARDIAL FAT DOESN'T IMPACT ATRIAL FIBRILLATION ABLATION OUTCOMES
Authors: Arun Kanmanthareddy, Madhu Reddy, Brandon Barnds, Pramod Janga, Jayasree Pillarisetti, Arun Raghav Mahankali Sridhar, Donita Atkins, Sudharani Bommana, Dhanunjaya Lakkireddy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Evolution of Mortality over Time in Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Andrés Esteban, Fernando Frutos-Vivar, Alfonso Muriel, Niall D. Ferguson, Oscar Peñuelas, Victor Abraira, Konstantinos Raymondos, Fernando Rios, Nicolas Nin, Carlos Apezteguía, Damian A. Violi, Arnaud W. Thille, Laurent Brochard, Marco González, Asisclo J. Villagomez, Javier Hurtado, Andrew R. Davies, Bin Du, Salvatore M. Maggiore, Paolo Pelosi, Luis Soto, Vinko Tomicic, Gabriel D’Empaire, Dimitrios Matamis, Fekri Abroug, Rui P. Moreno, Marco Antonio Soares, Yaseen Arabi, Freddy Sandi, Manuel Jibaja, Pravin Amin, Younsuck Koh, Michael A. Kuiper, Hans-Henrik Bülow, Amine Ali Zeggwagh, Antonio Anzueto
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)

Baseline characteristics and management have changed over time in patients requiring mechanical ventilation; however, the impact of these changes on patient outcomes is unclear.To estimate whether mortality in mechanically ventilated patients has changed over time.Prospective cohort studies conducted in 1998, 2004, and 2010, including patients receiving mechanical ventilation for more than 12 hours in a 1-month period, from 927 units in 40 countries. To examine effects over time on mortality in intensive care units, we performed generalized estimating equation models.We included 18,302 patients. The reasons for initiating mechanical ventilation varied significantly among cohorts. Ventilatory management changed over time (P < 0.001), with increased use of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (5% in 1998 to 14% in 2010), a decrease in tidal volume (mean 8.8 ml/kg actual body weight [SD = 2.1] in 1998 to 6.9 ml/kg [SD = 1.9] in 2010), and an increase in applied positive end-expiratory pressure (mean 4.2 cm H2O [SD = 3.8] in 1998 to 7.0 cm of H2O [SD = 3.0] in 2010). Crude mortality in the intensive care unit decreased in 2010 compared with 1998 (28 versus 31%; odds ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval, 0.80-0.94), despite a similar complication rate. Hospital mortality decreased similarly. After adjusting for baseline and management variables, this difference remained significant (odds ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.92).Patient characteristics and ventilation practices have changed over time, and outcomes of mechanically ventilated patients have improved. Clinical trials registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01093482).
Monoubiquitinated Fanconi anemia D2 (FANCD2-Ub) is required for BCR-ABL1 kinase-induced leukemogenesis
Authors: M Koptyra, T Stoklosa, G Hoser, E Glodkowska-Mrowka, I Seferynska, A Klejman, J Blasiak, T Skorski
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
The arachidonic acid metabolic capacity of canine myocardium is increased during healing of acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: E R McCluskey, P B Corr, B I Lee, J E Saffitz, P Needleman
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

The relative capacity for metabolizing [14C]arachidonic acid into biologically active products was studied in microsomes prepared from both normal and infarcted regions of myocardium at three different times after circumflex coronary artery occlusion in the dog. At 3 days after infarction, when polymorphonuclear leukocytes were the predominant invading cell, the ability of infarcted left ventricle microsomes to produce arachidonic acid metabolites was greater than that of microsomes from normal areas of the same hearts. At 3 weeks after infarction, when macrophages were the predominant infiltrating cell and there was a proliferation of blood vessels and fibroblasts, there continued to be significant increases in the production of both prostacyclin (measured as 6-keto PGF1 alpha) and thromboxane (measured as TxB2). This enhanced production was still seen at 3 months after infarction at a time when histological examination of the tissue showed that it was still healing with both blood vessels and fibroblasts present. The production of 6-keto PGF1 alpha was 31.7 +/- 4 picomoles per milligram protein per hour (pmol/mg per hr) in noninfarcted regions of left ventricle, whereas the production was significantly increased to 71.7 +/- 15 at 3 days, 64.1 +/- 10 at 3 weeks, and 67.2 +/- 15 even at 3 months after infarction. The thromboxane synthetase activity rose significantly from 30.1 +/- 5 pmol mg per hr in noninfarcted regions to 73.7 +/- 18 at 3 days, 71.2 +/- 5 at 3 weeks, and 92.4 +/- 40 at 3 months. The enhanced ability to metabolize arachidonic acid may result from the inflammatory cell invasion or fibroblast activation which accompany healing of acute infarcts.
Abnormal surface distribution of the human asialoglycoprotein receptor in cirrhosis
Authors: James B. Burgess, Jacques U. Baenziger, William R. Brown
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Serum concentrations of asialoglycoproteins are increased in cirrhosis. We hypothesized that this increase results from abnormalities in the asialoglycoprotein receptor, which is located on the sinusoidal and lateral membrane of hepatocytes. Therefore we searched for morphological alterations in the distribution of the asialoglycoprotein receptor in human liver, using a light microscopic immunoperoxidase method in autopsy livers. In 24 of 25 (96%) of patients without liver disease, the asialoglycoprotein receptor was located on the sinusoidal and, less prominently, the lateral surface of hepatocytes but not the canalicular surface. In contrast, in 12 of 18 (67%) patients with cirrhosis of various causes, the receptor also was localized strikingly along the canalicular surface, with a corresponding decrease on the sinusoidal and lateral surfaces. We conclude that an abnormal cell–surface distribution of the asialoglycoprotein receptor commonly occurs in cirrhosis. This abnormality might result in impaired clearance of desialylated glycoproteins from plasma. (Hepatology 1992;15:702-706).