tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CORONARY CALCIUM DENSITY AND INCIDENT CORONARY HEART DISEASE AMONG THOSE WITH DIABETES OR THE METABOLIC SYNDROME: THE MULTIETHNIC STUDY OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS (MESA)
Authors: Yanglu Zhao, Shaista Malik, Michael Criqui, Matthew Allison, Matthew Budoff, Veit Sandfort, Nathan Wong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
A Genomic Map of p53 Binding Sites Identifies Novel p53 Targets Involved in an Apoptotic Network
Authors: Chaouki Miled, Marco Pontoglio, Serge Garbay, Moshe Yaniv, Jonathan B. Weitzman
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract The transcriptional activity of the p53 protein is central to its role in tumor suppression. Identification of the complete repertoire of p53-regulated genes is critical for dissecting the complexity of the p53 network. Although several different approaches have been used to characterize the p53 genetic program, we still lack a comprehensive molecular understanding of how p53 prevents cancer. Using a computational approach, we generated a genome-wide map of p53 binding sites (p53BS) to identify novel p53 target genes. We show that the presence of nearby p53BS can identify new proapoptotic members of the Bcl2 family. We show that p53 binds to p53BS identified in the BCL-G/BCL2L14 gene and that induction of this gene contributes to p53-mediated apoptosis. We found that p53 activates the COL18A1 gene encoding the precursor for the antiangiogenic factor endostatin. We also show that p53 up-regulates the MAP4K4 gene and activates the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway to drive apoptosis. Thus, unbiased mapping of the genomic landscape of p53BS provides a systematic and complementary approach to identify novel factors and connections in the p53 genetic network. Our study illustrates how systematic genomic approaches can identify binding sites that are functionally relevant for a p53 transcriptional program. The genetic link among p53, antiangiogenic factors, and the JNK signaling pathway adds new dimensions to understanding p53 function in highly connected genetic networks.
Letter: Does anticonvulsant hypomagnesaemia exist?
Authors: C Christiansen, P Rodbro, S P Nielsen
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Among the many cases of children with ear- ache for which the GP's help is sought, it not infrequently happens that, having cried for some hours, the child went peacefully to sleep shortly before being seen.Usually, of course, the cause has been a blister on the
Chromosomes and Serum Proteins: A Linked Abnormality
Authors: M. W. Elves, M. C. G. Israels
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Compared with the population in Great Britain, they showed an increased incidence of asthma and congenital abnormalities, but a striking absence of atherosclerosis.In other respects-for example, complaints of dyspepsia, blood-pressure levels-they showed the same trends as the population of Britain.Among the congenital abnormalities the incidence of retinitis pigmentosa is most serious.The significance of these findings should be borne in mind if the Tristanians continue as an inbred and isolated community.
Spironolactone in essential hypertension: evidence against its effect through mineralocorticoid antagonism.
Authors: B I Hoffbrand, C J Edmonds, T Smith
Journal: BMJ (1976)

The effect of a six-week course of spironolactone 300 mg/day was examined in 25 unselected patients with essential hypertension. In the blood spironolactone produced a significant rise in urea and potassium concentrations and a fall in sodium and bicarbonate concentrations. In six patients blood pressure was normal at the end of the course, while in five patients there was almost no change. Studies of the effects of spironolactone on various indices usually affected by mineralocorticoids-namely, blood electrolytes, total body potassium, and rectal electrical properties-showed no differences between responding and non-responding patients. Mineralocorticoid excess therefore seems to be rarely responsible for essential hypertension and the influence of spironolactone cannot at present be fully explained.
A CONFIRMATORY PHYSICAL SIGN IN ASCITES
Authors: J. Thornwell Witherspoon
Journal: JAMA (1931)

In cases of ascites, when one side of the abdomen is tapped with the finger and the other side is auscultated, two sounds similar in timing to the normal heart sounds have been observed. The first sound is caused by the sound wave being transmitted through the fluid; the second is the result of the fluid wave crossing the abdomen and striking against the auscultated side. These two sounds are heard more clearly in thin, tense abdomens as opposed to flat, soft, flabby ones and are best heard at the level of the fluid and intestine, as demonstrated by an experiment with a closed rubber bag partially filled with air and water. There seems to be no reference to this auscultatory sign in cases of ascites in any of the standard textbooks on physical diagnosis.  It is stated by several of the German writers that, when fluid is injected into
Regional Capture of Fibrillating Ventricular Myocardium
Authors: Bruce H. KenKnight, Philip V. Bayly, Ronald J. Gerstle, Dennis L. Rollins, Patrick D. Wolf, William M. Smith, Raymond E. Ideker
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract Previous investigations have suggested that during ventricular fibrillation (VF) pacing stimuli are incapable of evoking propagated ventricular activations. To determine whether regional myocardial capture could be achieved during rapid pacing in VF, extracellular unipolar potentials were sampled (2 kHz) and recorded from 506 Ag-AgCl electrodes arranged in a rectangular grid (22×23, 1.12-mm spacing) embedded in a plaque overlying two pacing electrodes in the epicardium of the anterobasal right ventricle in pentobarbital-anesthetized pigs (25 to 30 kg, n=6). During separate episodes of electrically induced VF, two bursts of 40 monophasic stimuli (10 mA, 2-millisecond duration) were asynchronously applied to the stimulating electrodes in either a bipolar, unipolar anodal, or unipolar cathodal mode. Evidence of regional capture was provided by (1) animating the first temporal derivative of the extracellular potentials, (2) analyzing interbeat interval patterns, and (3) employing the Karhunen-Loeve decomposition method to quantify the repetitiveness of spatiotemporal patterns of activation. Regional capture of ventricular myocardium during VF was observed when pacing stimuli fell late in the local myocardial activation interval and when the pacing cycle length was 80% to 115% of the mean subplaque activation cycle length. When myocardial activations became phase locked to the pacing stimuli, repeatable spatiotemporal patterns of activation followed each stimulus. Poincaré sections at the plaque border revealed that during VF prior to pacing, interbeat intervals were irregular but were driven by pacing to stable fixed values at times corresponding to our qualitative declaration of regional capture. A similar correspondence was demonstrated between the time of capture, defined by direct observation of the activation patterns, and a rise in the power contained in the first two spatial modes of a Karhunen-Loeve decomposition. These data demonstrate that appropriately timed stimuli produce regional capture of fibrillating right ventricular myocardium in the pig and support the existence of an excitable gap during VF in this model.
A 35-Year-Old Man With Epigastric Pain, 1 Year Later
Authors: Thomas L. Delbanco
Journal: JAMA (1996)

At the Medicine Grand Rounds held approximately 1 year ago, Dr Robert Glickman discussed the management of peptic symptoms in a man who has experienced intermittent epigastric pain since childhood.<sup>1</sup>Dr Glickman discussed the differential diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease and nonulcer dyspepsia with a focus on<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>as an etiologic agent, as well as the risks and benefits of empirical therapy for<i>H pylori</i>. Dr Glickman also addressed issues unique to the patient, Mr H: prior alcohol use, smoking, and attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We asked the patient and his primary care doctor to comment on what has happened in the year that has passed. Mr H, the patient: I feel wonderful. I had an endoscopy, which went great, and it showed no evidence of an ulcer, past or present. I was probably misdiagnosed way back, and instead I really have a nervous stomach. I began school
A case of focal nodular hyperplasia with growth progression during pregnancy
Authors: Min Ji Kim, Sang Young Han, Yang Hyun Baek, Sung Wook Lee, Hee Jin Kwon
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2014)

Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is the second most common benign solid tumor of the liver and is usually found in young females. In FNH, spontaneous bleeding or rupture rarely occurs and malignant transformation is unlikely. The etiology of FNH is unclear, but because of female predominance and young age at onset, it seems that female hormone has an important role for the development of FNH. Although the development and the complications of hepatocellular adenomas have been related to the use of oral contraceptives and pregnancy, the influence of oral contraceptives and pregnancy on the growth and complications of FNH is controversial. Most FNH are stable in size and rarely complicated during pregnancy. We describe here a case of FNH with growth progression during pregnancy in a 27-year-old female. Her course of pregnancy and delivery was uneventful. Two months after delivery, the size of FNH was decreased. Keywords: Focal nodular hyperplasia; Pregnancy; Hepatic adenoma
1009 EFFECTIVENESS OF ENTECAVIR FOR NUC-NAIVE, HBEAG-NEGATIVE CHRONIC HEPATITIS B PATIENTS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: A 2-YEAR MULTICENTER COHORT STUDY IN 311 PATIENTS
Authors: P. Lampertico, M. Viganò, F. Facchetti, E. Minola, O. Fracassetti, F. Suter, S. Zaltron, M. Puoti, G. Carosi, G. Gubertini, C. Magni, G. Rizzardini, A. Testa, G. Antonucci, E. Fatta, S. Fargion, P. Del Poggio, B. Coco, M. Brunetto, M. Andreoletti, A. Colli, M. Fasano, T. Santantonio, G. Colloredo, L. Pasulo, S. Fagiuoli, F. Fumagalli Maldini, M. Milanese, M. Pozzi, N. Terreni, G. Spinzi, M. Quagliolo, M. Borzio, R. Soffredini, G. Lunghi, M. Colombo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Cardiac Transplantation in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ryan J. Tedford, Cynthia James, Daniel P. Judge, Crystal Tichnell, Brittney Murray, Aditya Bhonsale, Binu Philips, Theodore Abraham, Darshan Dalal, Marc K. Halushka, Harikrishna Tandri, Hugh Calkins, Stuart D. Russell
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
PARP-1 Regulates Resistance of Pancreatic Cancer to TRAIL Therapy
Authors: Kaiyu Yuan, Yong Sun, Tong Zhou, Jay McDonald, Yabing Chen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Purpose: Activating extrinsic apoptotic pathways targeting death receptors (DR) using agonistic antibodies or TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is promising for cancer therapy. However, most pancreatic cancers are resistant to TRAIL therapy. The present studies aimed to identify combination therapies that enhance the efficacy of TRAIL therapy and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Experimental Design: A xenograft model in nude mice was used to determine pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis and therapeutic efficacy of TRA-8, a monoclonal agonistic antibody for DR5. Pancreatic cancer cells were used to characterize mechanisms underlying PARP-1 regulation of TRA-8–induced apoptosis in vitro. Results: PARP-1 was found highly expressed in the TRA-8–resistant PANC-1 and Suit-2 cells, compared with TRA-8–sensitive BxPc-3 and MiaPaca-2. Inhibition of PARP-1 with a pharmacologic inhibitor sensitized PANC-1 and Suit2 cells to TRA-8–induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, siRNAs specifically knocking down PARP-1 markedly enhanced TRA-8–induced apoptosis in vitro and augmented the efficacy of TRA-8 therapy on tumorigenesis in vivo. PARP-1 knockdown increased TRA-8–induced activation of caspase-8 in the death-induced signaling complex (DISC). Immunoprecipitation with DR5 antibody identified the recruitment of PARP-1 and PARP-1–mediated protein poly-ADP-ribosylation (pADPr) modification in the DR5-associated DISC. Further characterization revealed that PARP-1–mediated pADPr modification of caspase-8 inhibited caspase-8 activation, which may contribute to its function in regulating TRA-8 resistance. Conclusions: Our studies provide molecular insights into a novel function of PARP-1 in regulating the extrinsic apoptosis machinery and also support interventions combining PARP-1 inhibitors with DR agonists for pancreatic cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 19(17); 4750–9. ©2013 AACR.
Neutrophils gone wild
Authors: Mitch Leslie
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

Plo et al. have identified the first inherited condition that boosts the number of neutrophils ([page 1701][1]).

![Figure][2] 

A point mutation in the gene encoding the G-CSF receptor boosts numbers of circulating neutrophils.



The patient with the condition was an 18-year-old man suffering
The Legal Limits of AIDS Confidentiality
Authors: William K. Natale
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> Although the concept of privacy is hardly novel, it has developed in modern times into a complex and sometimes controversial body of law. Similarly, the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a disease of uncertain epidemiologic origin and history, only recently has become a major phenomenon in Western society. Thus, neither the notion of privacy nor the affliction of AIDS is fully understood by legal and medical professionals, and indeed our concept of both continues to evolve. It seems quite likely that the tension between legitimate confidentiality interests and the needs of society and potentially exposed individuals for disclosure of sensitive medical data as outlined by Dr Dickens<sup>1</sup>will force further maturation of the doctrine of confidentiality. Dr Dickens is concerned that "too much in the law itself compels, justifies, and excuses disclosure of information,"<sup>2</sup>and he clearly implies a need for new legislation to curtail
New combined hepatitis A and B vaccine
Authors: M. Dedicoat, C. J Ellis
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor—Recently a new combined hepatitis A and B vaccine has been introduced (Twinrix; SmithKline Beecham) and widely promoted in the lay press for travellers to insanitary regions of the world, often with little or no regard for the duration of travel. We believe that the use of vaccines by travellers should be evidence based, in this case based on evidence of infection in returning travellers.

Over the past 12 months this regional infectious disease …
Emergency Resection in Treatment of Diverticular Disease of Colon Complicated by Peritonitis
Authors: R. A. Roxburgh, J. L. Dawson, R. Yeo
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Of a consecutive series of 25 patients with peritonitis secondary to colonic diverticular disease all, except one with faecal peritonitis, underwent some form of emergency resection. All the three patients with faecal peritonitis died, but the 22 with purulent peritonitis survived. The average duration of the emergency admission of the 22 survivors was 25.4 days, and in nine (41%) of them intestinal continuity had been restored by the end of that admission. Thus some form of emergency resection is the operation of choice in patients with spreading peritonitis due to diverticular disease of the sigmoid colon.
The relationship between immunological parameters and response to therapy in resistant oral candidosis
Authors: RONA M. MACKIE, D. PARRATT, W.M.M. JENKINS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

Eight patients with resistant oral candidal infection have undergone full immunological assessment. In four of these patients no significant abnormality of immune function was observed, and all responded to intensive antifungal therapy with nutritional supplements of iron and folic acids as required. The remaining four patients had abnormalities only of specific candida-related immune function and no detectable abnormality of general immune function. Surgical excision of affected areas of oral mucosa was found to be the most effective therapy in three of these four cases. The immunological findings in these cases are compared with those observed in five patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidosis in whom both specific candida-related and non-specific immune incompetence were present.
Peptidic regulation of heart rate and interactions with the autonomic nervous system
Authors: P Beaulieu
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

Autonomic influences on the heart rate have been the subject of intense research for many decades and are classically devoted to the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. However, developments over the past few years in our knowledge of the organization of the autonomic nervous system have led to the conclusion that in addition to the classical transmitters, peptidic transmitters are clearly present and have direct or indirect actions on cardiac conduction. Neuropeptides have been found to collocate with each other or with classical transmitters, thereby increasing the variety of chemical signals that a neuron can utilize to communicate with other cells. Neuropeptides can act as neurotransmitters, neuromodulators or neurohormones. Some are produced in endocrine glands and circulate as hormones, while others are contained in cardiac myocytes, neurons, or endothelial cells in proximity to the sinoatrial node and can therefore act in a paracrine or autocrine way on the pacemaker cells to modulate heart frequency. There is evidence supporting such a role, especially for locally situated neuropeptide Y, vasoactive intestinal peptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P, angiotensin II, natriuretic peptides, endothelins and possibly many others. The role of the peptidic neurotransmitters in the conduction system should not be exaggerated. Nevertheless, neuropeptides certainly represent a new category of neurotransmitters forming a third component of the autonomic nervous system and may have complex actions with potential therapeutic implications in man.
Positive direct antiglobulin test associated with hyperglobulinemia in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Authors: Pearl T. C. Y. Toy, Marion E. Reid, Maryann Burns
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract This study determined the prevalence and clinical significance of a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) observed in pretransfusion tests on red cells from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Transfusion service records showed that prevalence of a positive DAT on red cells was 18% (10/55) in AIDS patients compared to 0.6% in general hospital patients during a 2‐year period (1981‐1983). A similar rate of 18% (8/45) was observed in other hyperglobulinemic patients. Of the 10 AIDS patients whose red cells were DAT positive, four had IgG and complement, four had IgG, and two had complement alone on their red cells. The eluates were not reactive with normal red cells nor with penicillin or cephalothincoated red cells. Clinically, no hemolysis was observed. In this series a positive DAT in AIDS patients appeared not to be associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The positive DAT in AIDS patients may be due to the hyperglobulinemic state.
Validity, reliability, and applicability of seven definitions of hip osteoarthritis used in epidemiological studies: a systematic appraisal
Authors: M Reijman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

To summarise and review articles addressing the quality (validity, reliability, applicability) of seven commonly used definitions of hip osteoarthritis (OA) for epidemiological studies in order to use it primarily as a classification criterion.Medline and Embase were searched and articles studying the validity, reliability, or applicability of the definitions of hip OA were selected. Two reviewers independently extracted data on the quality of the seven definitions.Review of the literature showed the validity of the various definitions of hip OA, in particular, has barely been investigated. Minimal joint space (MJS) demonstrated the highest (intra- and interrater) reliability, and showed the highest association with hip pain and restricted internal rotation compared with the other definitions of hip OA. The reliability of the Kellgren and Lawrence grade and the index according to Lane is comparable with that of the MJS, but the construct validity should be investigated more thoroughly. The reliability and validity according to the Croft grade were inferior to the MJS, the Kellgren and Lawrence grade, and the index according to Lane. Despite precise and extensive development, the ACR criteria showed poor reliability and poor cross-validity (agreement between three ACR criteria sets) in a primary care setting.The reliabilities of MJS, Kellgren and Lawrence, and the index according to Lane were comparable, but the MJS had the highest relationship with hip pain in a male population. Considering how often definitions of hip OA are used, it is surprising that the validity has been so poorly investigated, and the validity needs to be studied more thoroughly.
Nosocomial Infection by Gentamicin-Resistant<i>Streptococcus faecalis</i>
Authors: Marcus J. Zervos, Carol A. Kauffman, Patricia M. Therasse, Alice G. Bergman, Teresa S. Mikesell, Dennis R. Schaberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Enterococci with high-level resistance to gentamicin account for 55% of clinical isolates of enterococci found in patients at the Ann Arbor Veterans Administration Medical Center. We prospectively studied cultures obtained from all 100 patients hospitalized from 1 December 1985 through 23 January 1986 on the surgical and thoracic intensive care units and a general medical floor. Ten patients' cultures grew colonies of gentamicin-resistant enterococci--six after admission to the intensive care units and four after hospitalization on the medical ward. The initial sites of colonization were the rectal and perineal areas in seven patients, sternal wound in one, urine in one, and the rectal and perineal areas as well as urine after Foley catheter insertion in one. Nine patients died and three of the deaths were associated with enterococcal infection. The acquisition of resistant strains was associated with previous and more frequent exposure to antimicrobial agents, and with geographic clustering of patients. Resistant enterococci were isolated from the hands of hospital personnel and were frequently isolated from environmental surfaces. Nosocomial acquisition and interhospital spread of gentamicin-resistant enterococci was shown to have occurred when plasmid content was used as an epidemiologic marker.
Concentration of selenium in plasma and erythrocytes during total parenteral nutrition in Crohn's disease.
Authors: S Jacobson, L O Plantin
Journal: Gut (1985)

Plasma- and erythrocyte-selenium concentrations were determined in five consecutive patients with Crohn's disease given preoperative total parenteral nutrition - nil per os - for a mean period of 34 days per patient. No blood components were administered during the total parenteral nutrition. Before the total parenteral nutrition the plasma-selenium level and, to a less extent, the erythrocyte-selenium levels were below the reference values. After three weeks of total parenteral nutrition both concentrations had fallen. There were, however, clinical and biochemical signs of improvement during the total parenteral nutrition, as indicated by an increase in body weight, P-albumin and P-transferrin. In one female patient given 39 days of preoperative total parenteral nutrition containing 0.06 mumol (5 micrograms) selenium per 24 h the decreasing levels of plasma-selenium and erythrocyte-selenium were both correlated to the duration of the total parenteral nutrition (r = 0.87 and 0.96, respectively). The results suggest that total parenteral nutrition patients may be at risk for selenium deficiency, and that a supplementary administration of selenium via total parenteral nutrition may be required.