tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tumor accumulation and antitumor efficacy of docetaxel-loaded core-shell-corona micelles with shell-specific redox-responsive cross-links
Authors: Ahn Na Koo, Kyung Hyun Min, Hong Jae Lee, Sang-Uk Lee, Kwangmeyung Kim, Ick Chan Kwon, Sun Hang Cho, Seo Young Jeong, Sang Cheon Lee
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
REMOVAL OF UTERINE TUMORS THROUGH THE ABDOMEN.Read in the Section on Obstetrics and Diseases of Women at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: E. E. MONTGOMERY
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The earliest abdominal operations for uterine growths were undoubtedly not deliberately premeditated but were errors in diagnosis. The abdomen had been opened for removal of an ovarian tumor. Between 1825 and 1851 fourteen such operations were reported, of which five had a fatal termination. Some surgeons then became bolder and ventured to extirpate subserous pediculated tumors. Granville had an unsuccessful, and Atlee and Lee successful cases. Burnham in 1853 was the first American surgeon to undertake a partial extirpation of the uterus, while Kimball first practiced hysterectomy for an interstitial fibroma the cause of violent hemorrhages, and his patient recovered. Partial extirpation of the uterus, in which the cervix uteri was used as a pedicle, early developed two methods of treating the stump,—the intra- and the extra-peritoneal. The ligation and return of the stump to the abdominal cavity would seem the natural and more desirable procedure, but the elastic character
The Unintended, Negative Consequences of the Door-to-Antibiotic Measure for Pneumonia
Authors: Nadine Srouji
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Letters3 February 2009The Unintended, Negative Consequences of the Door-to-Antibiotic Measure for PneumoniaNadine Srouji, MDNadine Srouji, MDFrom PinnacleHealth System, Harrisburg, PA 17105.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-3-200902030-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The recent article by Wachter and colleagues (1) reported that a widely used performance measure, the administration of antibiotics within 4 hours to patients with pneumonia, may have led to increased inappropriate antibiotic use and less cost-effective care without decreasing mortality. This benchmark was used by the Joint Commission, CMS, and insurance companies. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services publicly reported hospital performance on this measure, and some managed care companies tied reimbursements to it. From my own experience on a hospital committee charged with ensuring at least 90% compliance with this 4-hour requirement, I know ...References1. Wachter RM, Flanders SA, Fee C, Pronovost PJ. Public reporting of antibiotic timing in patients with pneumonia: lessons from a flawed performance measure. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149:29-32. [PMID: 18591635] LinkGoogle Scholar2. The Commonwealth Fund Commission on a High Performance Health System. Why Not the Best? Results from the National Scorecard on U.S. Health System Performance, 2008. Accessed at www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/publications_show.htm?doc_id=401577 on 18 November 2008. Google Scholar3. Abelson R. While the U.S. spends heavily on health care, a study faults the quality. New York Times. 17 July 2008. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From PinnacleHealth System, Harrisburg, PA 17105.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPublic Reporting of Antibiotic Timing in Patients with Pneumonia: Lessons from a Flawed Performance Measure Robert M. Wachter , Scott A. Flanders , Christopher Fee , and Peter J. Pronovost The Unintended, Negative Consequences of the Door-to-Antibiotic Measure for Pneumonia Robert M. Wachter , Christopher Fee , and Scott A. Flanders The Unintended, Negative Consequences of the Door-to-Antibiotic Measure for Pneumonia Nathan C. Dean The Unintended, Negative Consequences of the Door-to-Antibiotic Measure for Pneumonia Manfred Gogol Metrics 3 February 2009Volume 150, Issue 3Page: 220KeywordsAntibioticsConflicts of interestHealth careHealth information technologyMedicarePneumoniaQuality improvementTriage ePublished: 3 February 2009 Issue Published: 3 February 2009 CopyrightCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Pruritus precipitated by hydroxyethyl starch: a review
Authors: K. Bork
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Pruritus precipitated by hydroxyethyl starch: a review Get access K. Bork K. Bork Department of Dermatology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany Konrad Bork. E‐mail: bork@hautklinik.klinik.uni‐mainz.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 152, Issue 1, 1 January 2005, Pages 3–12, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06272.x Published: 01 January 2005 Article history Accepted: 12 May 2004 Published: 01 January 2005
Low diastolic blood pressure, hypoalbuminemia, and risk of death in a cohort of chronic hemodialysis patients
Authors: Kunitoshi Iseki, Fujihiko Miyasato, Kiyoyuki Tokuyama, Keizo Nishime, Hajime Uehara, Yoshiki Shiohira, Hiroshi Sunagawa, Kunio Yoshihara, Shinichiro Yoshi, Shigeki Toma, Teruo Kowatari, Toru Wake, Takashi Oura, Koshiro Fukiyama
Journal: Kidney International (1997)
Radiographic progression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis after 2 years of treatment with the tumour necrosis factor antibody infliximab
Authors: X Baraliakos
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

<b>Background:</b> Anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) treatment is clinically efficacious in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and leads to improvement of spinal inflammation, as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. It is unclear whether anti-TNF treatment affects chronic spinal changes in AS. <b>Objectives:</b> To analyse the effect of infliximab on the radiographic course of AS over 2 years. <b>Methods:</b> Complete sets of lateral radiographs of the cervical spine and lumbar spine were available from 82 patients from two sources: 41 patients (group 1) had been treated with infliximab (5 mg/kg/6 weeks) as part of a recent randomised controlled trial and 41 patients (group 2) were part of the early German AS cohort (GESPIC), without controlled interventions. Radiographs were obtained at baseline and after 2 years and scored by the modified Stokes AS Spinal Score (mSASSS). <b>Results:</b> Patients in the infliximab group were older, had a longer disease duration, and more radiographic damage at baseline. The mean (SD) mSASSS change was 0.4 (2.7) and 0.7 (2.8) for groups 1 and 2, respectively (p = NS). Radiographic damage at baseline was a predictor for more radiographic progression. Patients with baseline damage who were treated with infliximab showed a trend for less radiographic progression. No correlations between clinical parameters and radiographic progression were found. <b>Conclusions:</b> Patients with AS treated with infliximab had less radiographic progression after 2 years. Patients with prevalent radiographic damage are prone to develop more damage over time. Infliximab may decelerate radiographic progression in such patients. Larger studies are needed to prove that anti-TNF treatment inhibits structural damage.
Early T lymphocytes. Differentiation in vivo of adult intrathymic precursor cells.
Authors: B J Fowlkes, L Edison, B J Mathieson, T M Chused
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

A minor subpopulation of adult murine thymocytes (less than 5%) that is Lyt-2-, L3T4-, and expresses low levels of Ly-1 (designated dLy-1 [dull] thymocytes) has been identified, isolated, and characterized. This study assesses the differentiation potential of dLy-1 thymocytes in the thymus in vivo. Using multiparameter flow cytometry, radiation chimeras of C57BL/6 mice congenic at the Ly-1 or Ly-5 locus, and allelic markers to discriminate host and donor, we showed that transferred dLy-1 cells were able to generate thymocytes expressing both cortical and medullary phenotypes in a sequential manner. The proportion of donor-derived thymocytes obtained was directly related to the number of dLy-1 thymocytes transferred. Transfer of purified Lyt-2+ or Lyt-2+ + L3T4+ thymocytes, which constitute greater than 94% of total thymocytes, failed to generate any donor-derived thymocytes in irradiated recipients. Transfer of bone marrow (BM) cells produced the same sequential pattern of differentiation as that produced by dLy-1 cells, but was delayed by 4-5 d. Transferred dLy-1 thymocytes exhibited a limited capacity for self-renewal, and resulted in a single wave of differentiation in irradiated hosts. Thus, thymic repopulation by donor-derived cells after transfer of dLy-1 thymocytes was transient, while repopulation by BM was permanent. These findings suggest that the isolated dLy-1 thymocytes described herein are precursor thymocytes that represent a very early stage in intrathymic development.
Phenytoin and Red Urine?
Authors: Joel W. Rosenberg
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with interest the treatise on phenytoin and red urine (1983;249:1723), since I recently encountered just such a patient and reported the same in a letter to the editor in the journal<i>Urology</i>.<sup>1</sup> I discussed this phenomenon with the medical department representative of Parke-Davis at that time, and he indicated that they have "over the years received many such anecdotal reports." Therefore, from my own experience and the apparent existence of other such reports, I must respectfully disagree with the authors' conclusion.
Researcher criticised for comments on the Atkins diet
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A leading UK researcher in nutrition has been criticised by newspapers alleging that she had a conflict of interest, after she said that the high protein Atkins diet was based on “pseudo-science” at a recent press briefing, even though a report from the apparently competing funding source was also discussed at the briefing.

Dr Susan Jebb, head of nutrition and health research at the Medical Research Council's Resource Centre for Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, said at a press briefing on “faddy diets” organised by the Science Media Centre …
Decision Making in Liver Transplant Selection Committees
Authors: Michael L. Volk, Scott W. Biggins, Mary Ann Huang, Curtis K. Argo, Robert J. Fontana, Renee R. Anspach
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Background: To receive a liver transplant, patients must first be placed on a waiting list—a decision made at most transplant centers by a multidisciplinary committee. The function of these committees has never been studied. Objective: To describe decision making in liver transplant committees and identify opportunities for process improvement. Design: Observational multicenter study. Setting: 4 liver transplant centers in the United States. Participants: 68 members of liver transplant committees across the 4 centers. Measurements: 63 meetings were observed, and 50 committee members were interviewed. Recorded transcripts and field notes were analyzed by using standard qualitative sociologic methods. Results: Although the structure of the meetings varied by center, the process was uniform and primarily involved inductive reasoning to review possible reasons for patient exclusion. Patients were excluded if they were too well, too sick (in the setting of advanced liver disease), or too old or had nonhepatic comorbid conditions, substance abuse problems, or other psychosocial barriers. Dominant themes in the discussions included member angst over deciding who lived or died, a high correlation between psychosocial barriers to transplantation and the patient's socioeconomic status, and the influence of external forces on decision making. Unwritten center policies and confusion regarding advocacy versus stewardship roles were consistently identified as barriers to effective group decision making. Limitations: The use of qualitative methods provides broad understanding but limits specific inferences. The 4 centers may not reflect the practices of every transplant center nationwide. Conclusion: The difficult decisions made by liver transplant committees are reasonably consistent and well-intentioned, but the process might be improved by having more explicit written policies and clarifying roles. This may inform resource allocation in other areas of medicine. Primary Funding Source: The Greenwall Foundation and the National Institutes of Health.
Nestle's donation
Authors: K L Dodd
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - The letter from Nellie Adjaye and others about Nestle's donation to the British Paediatric Association to further the work of its research unit contains two important errors of fact.1 The current policy of the British Paediatric Association is to accept donations from commercial companies whose products are not harmful and whose marketing practices obey the ethical standards set by the codes of the countries in which …
Stress, the Colon, and Diverticulosis
Authors: Marvin L. Daves
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Martin Blinder<sup>1</sup>asks if there is a relationship between stress and diverticulitis-diverticulosis. The expert, Dr Kenneth B. Klein, answers, "There is no good evidence that pain attributed to any sort of diverticular disease is precipitated by stress." Dr Klein advises that pain results from diverticulosis only when there is associated inflammation (diverticulitis) and that the chronic pain of "irritable bowel syndrome" has no established relationship with diverticular disease. I would like to offer another opinion. Dr Felix Fleischner<sup>2-4</sup>showed rather convincingly that there are two causes for true, acquired, colonic diverticula. "Atrophic" diverticula occur in the elderly as normal colonic pressure pushes pockets of mucosa through denuded areas of muscularis. On the other hand, patients with spastic segments of colon, usually sigmoid, develop hypertrophic bands of circular muscle through which pockets of mucosa are popped by periodic abnormal contractions, "hypertrophic" diverticula. Dr Fleischner hypothesized that
Quasispecies nature of hepatitis C virus and response to alpha interferon: significance as a predictor of direct response to interferon
Authors: Hidenori Toyoda, Takashi Kumada, Satoshi Nakano, Isao Takeda, Keiichi Sugiyama, Toshimasa Osada, Seiki Kiriyama, Yasuhiro Sone, Moritoshi Kinoshita, Toru Hadama
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)
Cellular mechanisms of estradiol-mediated sexual differentiation of the brain
Authors: Christopher L. Wright, Jaclyn S. Schwarz, Shannon L. Dean, Margaret M. McCarthy
Journal: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (2010)

Gonadal steroids organize the developing brain during a perinatal sensitive period and have enduring consequences for adult behavior. In male rodents testicular androgens are aromatized in neurons to estrogens and initiate multiple distinct cellular processes that ultimately determine the masculine phenotype. Within specific brain regions, overall cell number and dendritic morphology are the principal targets for hormonal organization. Recent advances have been made in elucidating the cellular mechanisms by which the neurological underpinnings of sexually dimorphic physiology and behavior are determined. These include estradiol-mediated prostaglandin synthesis, presynaptic release of glutamate, postsynaptic changes in glutamate receptors and changes in cell adhesion molecules. Sex differences in cell death are mediated by hormonal modulation of survival and death factors such as TNFalpha and Bcl-2/BAX.
Reviews and Notes: Geriatrics: Geriatric Pharmacology
Authors: Jerry H. Gurwitz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine1 September 1993Reviews and Notes: Geriatrics: Geriatric PharmacologyJerry H. Gurwitz, MDJerry H. Gurwitz, MDBrigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-5-199309010-00053 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Geriatric PharmacologyRubin Bressler and Michael D. Katz; eds. 689 pages. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1992. $49.95.With the aging of the U.S. population, the field of geriatric pharmacology is increasingly recognized as a relevant clinical discipline. Textbooks of geriatric medicine devote substantial attention to the subject, as do recent editions of general clinical pharmacology texts. While dissemination of accurate information about the appropriate use of medications in the elderly is sorely needed, I have been uncertain whether there yet exists enough information to fill an entire textbook.After reading Geriatric Pharmacology, I remain ambivalent about the answer to this question. This is a ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Jerry H. Gurwitz, MDAffiliations: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1993Volume 119, Issue 5 Page: 446 Keywords Adverse reactions Clinical pharmacology Drug therapy Elderly Erectile dysfunction Geriatrics Incontinence Nursing homes Pharmacology Psychopharmacology ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 September 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
CARBUNCLE: ITS ETIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT.Read before the First Pan-American Medical Congress.
Authors: D. W. GRAHAM
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Carbuncle was formerly looked upon as a peculiar mysterious disease having a pathologic process of its own, with little or no relationship to any other disease, either in its etiology, its pathology, or its indications for treatment. The teaching and especially the practice of the present day indicate that we are still in bondage to the traditions of the older pathology with respect to carbuncle, chiefly because it is one of those more common diseases which have received scant attention in later years on account of the allurements of visceral surgery, and the rewards of work and study in the newer fields. A conviction that there are established facts and available knowledge respecting this disease, which are not fully reflected in the views and the practice of to-day, is sufficient justification for an effort to ascertain and correlate what is known of the cause and nature of carbuncle, and for
Multiple Functional Variants in cis Modulate PDYN Expression
Authors: C. C. Babbitt, J. S. Silverman, R. Haygood, J. M. Reininga, M. V. Rockman, G. A. Wray
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

Understanding genetic variation and its functional consequences within cis-regulatory regions remains an important challenge in human genetics and evolution. Here, we present a fine-scale functional analysis of segregating variation within the cis-regulatory region of prodynorphin, a gene that encodes an endogenous opioid precursor with roles in cognition and disease. In order to characterize the functional consequences of segregating variation in cis in a region under balancing selection in different human populations, we examined associations between specific polymorphisms and gene expression in vivo and in vitro. We identified five polymorphisms within the 5′ flanking region that affect transcript abundance: a 68-bp repeat recognized in prior studies, as well as two microsatellites and two single nucleotide polymorphisms not previously implicated as functional variants. The impact of these variants on transcription differs by brain region, sex, and cell type, implying interactions between cis genotype and the differentiated state of cells. The effects of individual variants on expression level are not additive in some combinations, implying epistatic interactions between nearby variants. These data reveal an unexpectedly complex relationship between segregating genetic variation and its expression-trait consequences and highlights the importance of close functional scrutiny of natural genetic variation within even relatively well-studied cis-regulatory regions.
Allergen‐induced <i>in vitro</i> expression of IL‐18, SLAM and GATA‐3 mRNA in PBMC during sublingual immunotherapy
Authors: J. Savolainen, K. Nieminen, K. Laaksonen, T. Laiho, L. Jacobsen, R. Lahesmaa, E. O. Terho, E. Valovirta
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: Signalling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) and interleukin (IL)‐18 induce interferon (IFN)‐γ production from Th1 cells. The allergen‐induced SLAM and IL‐18 mRNA expressions are increased during subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT), but nothing is known about their role during sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). Transcription factor GATA‐3 is associated with Th2 cells but its role in SCIT and SLIT is yet unexplored. This study was undertaken to analyse the allergen induced in vitro mRNA expression of IL‐18, SLAM and GATA‐3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of children with allergic rhinitis (AR) during SLIT. Methods: Ten patients with AR undergoing pollen SLIT with a weekly dose of 200 000 SQ‐U, 10 with 24 000 SQ‐U of mixture of Betula verrucosa, Corylus avellana and Alnus glutinosa and 10 with placebo were included. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell were stimulated with birch extract prior to, after 1 and 2 years of the treatment. The mRNA expression was assessed using kinetic real‐time RT‐PCR (TaqMan ® ; Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). Results: The expression of IL‐18 mRNA was increased in the high‐dose group in comparison to the placebo group after 1 year of therapy ( P = 0.028) and had an inverse correlation with the late phase skin reaction after the second study year ( r = −0.41, P = 0.041). SLAM mRNA expression increased in the high‐dose group from baseline to 1 year ( P = 0.028) and correlated with IL‐10 ( r = 0.96, P &lt; 0.0001) and transforming growth factor‐β ( r = 0.80, P = 0.0037) mRNA expression. No significant changes were seen in GATA‐3 mRNA expression. Conclusions: During SLIT, IL‐18 and SLAM are upregulated, suggesting that the Th2 type inflammatory response is downregulated during SLIT by increased Th1 type response.