tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Parental History and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Overweight Latino Adolescents
Authors: Louise A. Kelly, Christianne J. Lane, Marc J. Weigensberg, Corinna Koebnick, Christian K. Roberts, Jaimie N. Davis, Claudia M. Toledo-Corral, Gabriel Q. Shaibi, Michael I. Goran
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

The purpose of this article was to examine metabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents as a function of maternal versus paternal family history of type 2 diabetes and to examine whether differences in these risk factors emerge during adolescent growth.A total of 247 overweight Latino children (baseline age = 11.1 +/- 1.7 years) with a parental history of type 2 diabetes were followed annually for 5 years (2.2 +/- 1.2 observations/child) with measures of insulin sensitivity, acute insulin response to glucose, and disposition index. Longitudinal linear mixed-effects modeling was used to evaluate the influence of maternal versus paternal family history of type 2 diabetes on changes in diabetes risk factors over age.Insulin sensitivity and the disposition index decreased over age (beta = -0.052 and beta = -0.033, P < 0 0.01). Acute insulin response to glucose and fasting and 2-h glucose increased (beta = 0.019, beta = 0.002, and beta = 0.003, P < 0.01). Declines in insulin sensitivity were significantly greater in participants whose maternal grandmothers had a history of type 2 diabetes (beta = -0.03, P = 0.03). Declines in the disposition index (beta = -0.02, P = 0.04) and increases in fasting glucose were significantly influenced by a maternal history of type 2 diabetes (beta = 0.60, P < 0.05).Maternal but not paternal family history for diabetes may have a significant impact on insulin dynamics, becoming more pronounced during growth in overweight Latino adolescents. Further research is clearly warranted.
High FDG and Low FLT Uptake in a Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma Incidentally Discovered by FDG PET/CT
Authors: Masatoyo Nakajo, Masayuki Nakajo, Yoriko Kajiya, Megumi Jinguji, Shinichiro Mori, Kuniaki Aridome, Toyokuni Suenaga, Sadao Tanaka
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

We report a 58-year-old man whose incidentally discovered papillary thyroid carcinoma in the left lobe showed high FDG and low FLT uptake on PET/CT. The SUVmax was 19.7 for FDG and 3.0 for FLT. The Ki-67 labeling index of the tumor was 1.9%. Thus, the low FLT uptake might be attributed to the low proliferative activity of this cancer.
Anemia and Erythropoiesis in Patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and Kaposi Sarcoma Treated with Zidovudine
Authors: ROBERT E. WALKER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

We evaluated the development of anemia as part of a trial of zidovudine therapy in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with Kaposi sarcoma. Patients were randomized to one of three treatment groups or a placebo group. Transfusion-requiring anemia (hemoglobin less than 100 g/L) developed in 6 of 15 patients on zidovudine therapy at a mean of 6 weeks after starting treatment. A fall in the reticulocyte count was the earliest peripheral blood indicator of toxicity. Mean corpuscular volume increased markedly in patients on zidovudine therapy not developing anemia yet remained stable or only slightly increased in those who became anemic. Bone marrow examination showed pure red cell aplasia in 2 patients, erythroid maturation arrest in 1, and erythroid hypoplasia in 3. Megaloblastic erythropoiesis was present in 2 of the 6 anemic patients. Erythropoietin levels measured at the time of first transfusion were increased. Thus, the anemia associated with zidovudine therapy is due to red cell hypoplasia or aplasia.
An Itching Tenant
Authors: K. V. Sanderson
Journal: BMJ (1962)

<h3>Abstract</h3> We identify amino acid variants within dominant SARS-CoV-2 T-cell epitopes by interrogating global sequence data. Several variants within nucleocapsid and ORF3a epitopes have arisen independently in multiple lineages and result in loss of recognition by epitope-specific T-cells assessed by IFN-γ and cytotoxic killing assays. These data demonstrate the potential for T-cell evasion and highlight the need for ongoing surveillance for variants capable of escaping T-cell as well as humoral immunity.
Cumulative Birth Rates with Linked Assisted Reproductive Technology Cycles
Authors: Barbara Luke, Morton B. Brown, Ethan Wantman, Avi Lederman, William Gibbons, Glenn L. Schattman, Rogerio A. Lobo, Richard E. Leach, Judy E. Stern
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Live-birth rates after treatment with assisted reproductive technology have traditionally been reported on a per-cycle basis. For women receiving continued treatment, cumulative success rates are a more important measure.
Obesity, Smoking, and Psoriasis
Authors: Mark Lebwohl
Journal: JAMA (2006)

ObjectiveTo study the impact of obesity and smoking on psoriasis.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingUniversity of Utah Department of Dermatology clinics.PatientsA case series of patients with psoriasis enrolled in the prospective Utah Psoriasis Initiative (UPI) (which carefully performs phenotyping of patients with psoriasis) was compared with 3 population databases: the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System of the Utah population, the 1998 patient-member survey from the National Psoriasis Foundation, and 500 adult patients who attend our clinics and do not have psoriasis (nonpsoriatic population).ResultsThe prevalence of obesity in patients within the UPI population was higher than that in the general Utah population (34% vs 18%; P<.001) and higher than that in the nonpsoriatic population attending our clinics. Assessment of body image perception with a standardized diagram in the UPI group resulted in the median body image score of normal weight at 18 years of age and the onset of psoriasis, but it transitioned to overweight at the time of enrollment in the UPI. Thus, obesity appears to be the consequence of psoriasis and not a risk factor for onset of disease. We did not observe an increased risk for psoriatic arthritis in patients with obesity; furthermore, obesity did not positively or negatively affect the response or the adverse effects of topical corticosteroids, light-based treatments, and systemic medications. The prevalence of smoking in the UPI population was higher than in the general Utah population (37% vs 13%; P<.001) and higher than in the nonpsoriatic population (37% vs 25%; P<.001). We found a higher prevalence of smokers in the obese population within the UPI than in the obese population within the Utah population (25% vs 9%; P<.001).ConclusionsPatients with psoriasis attending the University of Utah Dermatology Clinics were more likely to be obese and to smoke compared with nonpsoriatic patients and more likely to be obese compared with other large cohorts with psoriasis. Smoking appears to have a role in the onset of psoriasis, but obesity does not. The high prevalence of obesity and smoking in a psoriasis cohort has not been previously noted; if confirmed, it supports the prediction that a significant portion of patients with psoriasis will have the comorbid conditions and public health issues of those with obesity and smoke.
France creates opt out register for organ donation
Authors: A. Dorozynski
Journal: BMJ (1998)

A computerised register listing the names of people who have chosen not to donate organs or tissues after their death is being established in France. Anyone not on the register will be presumed to have consented to organ donation, although the family will still be able to object.

Set up by the Etablissement Francais des Greffes, the government controlled transplant watchdog group, the list will …
Tympanic Thermometry in Surgery and Anesthesia
Authors: Maria Benzinger
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Simultaneous, continuous recordings of tympanic and esophageal measurements of body temperature were obtained during anesthesia and surgery. Their patterns were found mutually consistent in the clinical situations as studied. Rectal patterns were abandoned as unpredictable in their relation to temperature in the cranium or at the crossroads of central circulation. Tympanic was the only measurement with unequivocally defined location of insertion. With the other methods a reproducible position could not be reached, maintained, or restored. In cleanliness (dry site and disposable probe); sterility; and minimum inconvenience, embarrassment or discomfort to patients, surgeons or physicians and medical personnel, men or women tympanic thermometry was superior to esophageal and rectal. It was never found to be out of place, and rarely contraindicated, while contraindications with rectal or esophageal measurements were frequent.
LABORATORY FINDINGS IN AFFECTIVE AND SCHIZOPHRENIC PSYCHOSES
Authors: MERRILL THOMAS EATON, HASCALL H. MUNTZ
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1947)

1. Research appearing since 1920 on abnormalities in the results of common laboratory procedures applied to patients with affective and schizophrenic psychoses has been reviewed with the assumption that such abnormalities are occasioned by a variety of factors including the effect of emotion and mood upon various body systems, changes in dietary habits, and changes in activity. 2. It is felt that such information will be helpful in following the course of therapy on patients with these conditions, will assist in differentiating findings due to these psychoses from those of intercurrent disease, and will prevent certain laboratory results from misleading physicians who encounter patients with undiagnosed, early, or borderline affective or schizophrenic psychoses in general hospitals, clinics and private practice. 3. Special attention has been given to abnormalities of the glucose tolerance curve, blood cholesterol level, serum calcium level, leukocyte count, permeability quotient, liver function tests, and basal metabolic rate in these psychoses. In addition, numerous other laboratory tests are discussed.
CARTILAGE MATRIX DEPLETION BY RHEUMATOID SYNOVIAL CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURE
Authors: David Hamerman, Rosamond Janis, Carol Smith
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1967)

Articular cartilage fragments were added to monolayer cultures of synovial membrane cells. After 3 wk of incubation, the cartilage fragments were examined histologically for metachromasia and basophilia, and for fluorescent staining using a rabbit antiserum to cartilage protein-polysaccharide. Cartilage incubated with cells derived from rheumatoid synovial membranes showed striking loss of metachromasia and basophilia as well as diminished to absent fluorescent staining. Cartilage fragments incubated with cells from normal synovia, or with cells from the synovial membrane of a patient with Reiter's syndrome, did not show these changes and resembled control cartilage incubated in tissue culture medium alone. It appears, therefore, that rheumatoid synovial cells in tissue culture are able to deplete the matrix of articular cartilage.
400. Peptide-Mediated Gene Transfer of Lipid/ DNA-Based Complexes to Cells Expressing CXC- Receptor 4
Authors: Wouter H. Driessen, Nobutaka Fujii, Hirokazu Tamamura, Sean M. Sullivan
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Top of pageAbstract
Each year more than 200,000 people in the US are diagnosed with a primary or metastatic brain tumor. High grade gliomas are highly vascularized tumors which have the tendency to infiltrate surrounding tissue. Total removal of tumor-tissue is virtually impossible. Therefore novel therapy-modalities are needed to treat brain cancers. The research presented in this abstract describes our ongoing efforts to develop a peptide-targeted lipid-based gene-delivery vehicle specifically targeting tumor-vasculature, ultimately to be used for the treatment of brain tumors. Specificity for proliferating endothelium will be accomplished by incorporating ligands for CXCR4 into our lipoplexes. Transfected endothelial cells will serve as producers of the cytotoxic gene-product.

Results: The peptide ligand (4-Fluorobenzoyl-RR-NaL-CY-Cit- KEPYR-Cit-CR; K = 1.46 nM) has been coupled to DOPE-MPB. Rat Glioma cells (RG2) express CXCR4 as determined by flow cytometry. Transfection of RG2 with targeted and untargeted complexes leads to the dose-response curve shown below. At the lowest dose of 0.1 |[mu]|g DNA per well (24-well plate) the targeted complexes express 2000-fold more luciferase. At the highest dose of 1 |[mu]|g DNA the difference was 28-fold. On HUVE-cells CXCR4 is only expressed after incubation with VEGF, a growth factor expressed by a majority of solid tumors stimulating angiogenesis. Liposome- binding studies in HUVEC show that non VEGF-treated endothelial cells bind CXCR4-targeted liposomes to the same extend as untargeted control-liposomes. After VEGF-stimulation CXCR4-targeted liposomes bind 10-fold more effectively then their untargeted controls at a dose of 30 |[mu]|M lipid. The upregulation of CXCR4 on endothelial cells in response to elevated levels of VEGF is also observed in organ cultures of intact rat mesenteric arteries. We show that CXCR4 is only expressed on the endothelial cells after treatment with VEGF. Specific binding of CXCR4-targeted lipoplexes to the endothelial cells is only observed in arteries stimulated with VEGF. This increased endothelial-specific binding leads to increased GFP-transfection of the rat mesenteric artery. A dramatic increase of GFP-positive endothelial cells can be observed in the VEGF-treated vessel as compared to the artery with no VEGF-treatment.

Conclusions: The results show that lipoplexes can be specifically targeted to proliferating endothelial cells targeting the CXCR4- receptor. Endothelial cells of rat mesenteric arteries only express CXCR4 after stimulation with VEGF. CXCR4-targeted lipoplexes only bind to endothelial cells expressing the targeted receptor. GFP-transfection with CXCR4-targeted lipoplexes is greatly enhanced in arteries treated with VEGF. In vitro studies expressing our cytotoxic gene of interest are currently being conducted.
Nutritional status and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Authors: K Gray-Donald, L Gibbons, S H Shapiro, P T Macklem, J G Martin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

The role of nutritional status in the prognosis of subjects with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was studied in a cohort of Canadian men and women followed for 3 to 5 yr. A total of 348 subjects who were recruited for a study of negative pressure ventilation were evaluated for lung function and body weight, and a subset who entered hospital for the study (n=184) had baseline measures of diffusing capacity, maximal inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressure (PImax and PEmax), and blood gases. Predictors of survival were analyzed using Cox regression models. In the total cohort, low body mass index (BMI) and use of home oxygen were independently associated with reduced survival. In the hospitalized group, predictors of respiratory mortality were elevated PaCO2 and low BMI, PImax, and diffusing capacity. PaO2 (measured on oxygen therapy), FEV1, PEmax, age, smoking behavior, and gender were not associated with survival. The predictors of total mortality were similar, except that BMI was no longer significant. In conclusion, low body weight, a potentially modifiable factor, was associated with respiratory mortality, but whether it has a casual effect or is a marker of declining health can only be resolved through an intervention trial.
Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Skin Infections
Authors: MARK R. ECKMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 March 1981Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Skin InfectionsMARK R. ECKMAN, M.D.MARK R. ECKMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-94-3-414_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Benign skin infections by uncultivatable mycobacteria were originally described in Sweden by Gellerstedt in 1944 (1) and subsequently reviewed by Feldman and Hershfield in 1974 (2). We have recently seen two patients with similar conditions.Case 1:After minor trauma a 32-year-old Minnesota woman developed a tender lesion over the right foot which worsened over a month and was biopsied on 7 February 1980. The general examination and laboratory studies, including chest roentgenogram and a 5-TU purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test, were negative. The initial lesion was an erythematous, slightly elevated nodule over a prominence...References1. GELLERSTEDT N. En tuberkuloid, isolerad hudaffektion, orsakad av atypiska, synrafasta baciler. Nord Med. 1944;23:1603-8. Google Scholar2. FELDMANHERSHFIELD RE. Mycobacterial skin infections by an unidentified species: a report of 29 patients. Ann Intern Med. 1974;80:445-52. LinkGoogle Scholar3. DAWSONJENNIS DF. Mycobacteria with a growth requirement for ferric ammonium citrate, identified as Mycobacterium haemophilum. J Clin Microbiol. 1980;11:190-2. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. WOLINSKY E. Nontuberculous mycobacteria and associated diseases. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1980;119:107-59. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCutaneous Pathology of Emergent and Tropical Infections: Skin, Infectious Pathogens, and Emergent and Tropical Infections 1 March 1981Volume 94, Issue 3Page: 414-415KeywordsLesionsMycobacteriaResearch laboratoriesSkin infectionsSkin testsThoraxTuberculin Issue Published: 1 March 1981 PDF downloadLoading ...
Public mental health: science or politics?
Authors: Guy M. Goodwin
Journal: World Psychiatry (2015)

The history of public health intervention arguably began when the handle was removed from the pump supplying cholera-infected water to one side of a street in London in 1854.It was based on careful medical observation and hypothesis testing, it was effective and it was certainly timely.In relation to infection control, subsequent successful measures were the introduction of proper sewerage and the regulation of standards in food hygiene.Public health doctors continue to be specialists in exactly these areas, and their success has transformed life expectancy especially for babies and young children almost everywhere.So, what is the equivalent of the pump handle and what will be the consequences of removing it in the field of mental health?Is the time really ripe for translation of evidence into practice in the field of public mental health, as K. Wahlbeck (1) suggests in this issue of the journal?Clearly this requires that we already have interventions for immediate application to key public mental health improvement.A meta-analysis (2) cited by Wahlbeck implies that primary prevention of "mental illness" in children and young people at risk -a 40% reduction -is indeed possible.If true, this would be very good.However, that metaanalysis reported only 161 new episodes of illness in total across seven rather small psychotherapy trials.Given the
Britain's new welfare system emphasises self reliance
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The outline of a new welfare system for Britain, placing more emphasis on self reliance, was announced by the Labour government last week. It recognises that the system put in place after the second world war has created a dependency culture that is damaging to society and cannot be sustained financially.

The reforms, to be implemented over 10 to 20 years, are to be based on …
Knodell RG, Ishak KG, Black WC, Chen TS, Craig R, Kaplowitz N, Kiernan TW, Wollman J. Formulation and application of a numerical scoring system for assessing histological activity in asymptomatic chronic active hepatitis [Hepatology 1981;1:431–435]
Authors: Valeer J. Desmet
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Renal Denervation for Resistant Hypertension?
Authors: Franz H. Messerli, Sripal Bangalore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

Ever since Schlaich et al.1 first reported on a patient with a blood pressure of 161/107 mm Hg (despite treatment with seven different antihypertensive drugs) that decreased to 127/81 mm Hg after renal denervation, the medical community has been enamored with this procedure. Resistant hypertension evolved into a fashionable diagnosis, and the number of publications pertaining to it grew rapidly.2 Medical-device companies fancied renal denervation as the next big innovation and as a blockbuster therapy for millions of patients. A press release from the American Heart Association even touted renal denervation as a potential "cure" for mild hypertension.3 Trials such . . .
Encephalopathy and Papilledema After Bee Sting
Authors: Norman P. Goldstein, C. Wilber Rucker, Donald W. Klass
Journal: JAMA (1964)

IN A PREVIOUS PAPER<sup>1</sup>concerning neuritis occurring after insect stings, a patient was described in whom papilledema developed in the left eye within two weeks after being stung on the left temple by a bee. Recently, we had occasion to see another patient who was stung on the head by a bee and in whom bilateral papilledema and encephalopathy developed soon afterward. Although these findings are rarely produced by an insect sting, they are of a serious nature, and prompt recognition of a precipitating cause is important for proper diagnosis and treatment. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> The patient, a 56-year-old farmer, was admitted to the Mayo Clinic on Aug 18, 1963, with symptoms of headache and confusion. His wife supplied the initial history because of the patient's state of confusion. The patient had been in good health until Aug 9, 1963, when he was stung on the top of
Psychiatrists must assess risk of violence
Authors: T Groves
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Before discharging inpatients, psychiatrists must carefully assess the risk that those patients might harm themselves or others, says the British health secretary, Virginia Bottomley. Psychiatrists should also ensure that adequate community care has been set up with named key workers.

Mrs Bottomley's latest announcement contains nothing new but draws together all the community care guidelines and policy changes initiated by the government since the reforms began in 1991. The two most recent - a proposed new legal power to supervise some …
Infective Endocarditis in the Antibiotic Era
Authors: Phillip I. Lerner, Louis Weinstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

IMPORTANT contributions to our knowledge and understanding of infective endocarditis were made by a number of students of this disease in the first third of this century. Thayer,1 among others, preferred the term infective endocarditis for this disorder, giving it equal emphasis with the more common designation bacterial endocarditis. We have chosen to employ Thayer's terminology because a significant aspect of the changing picture of this disease is an increasing involvement of agents such as fungi and even rickettsias; the term bacterial endocarditis, therefore, is not strictly applicable.In 1955 Kerr2 summarized all the significant information concerning subacute bacterial . . .