tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Scientific rationale for the Finnish Allergy Programme 2008–2018: emphasis on prevention and endorsing tolerance
Authors: L. C. Von Hertzen, J. Savolainen, M. Hannuksela, T. Klaukka, A. Lauerma, M. J. Mäkelä, J. Pekkanen, A. Pietinalho, O. Vaarala, E. Valovirta, E. Vartiainen, T. Haahtela
Journal: Allergy (2009)

In similarity to many other western countries, the burden of allergic diseases in Finland is high. Studies worldwide have shown that an environment rich in microbes in early life reduces the subsequent risk of developing allergic diseases. Along with urbanization, such exposure has dramatically reduced, both in terms of diversity and quantity. Continuous stimulation of the immune system by environmental saprophytes via the skin, respiratory tract and gut appears to be necessary for activation of the regulatory network including regulatory T‐cells and dendritic cells. Substantial evidence now shows that the balance between allergy and tolerance is dependent on regulatory T‐cells. Tolerance induced by allergen‐specific regulatory T‐cells appears to be the normal immunological response to allergens in non atopic healthy individuals. Healthy subjects have an intact functional allergen‐specific regulatory T‐cell response, which in allergic subjects is impaired. Evidence on this exists with respect to atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and asthma. Restoration of impaired allergen‐specific regulatory T‐cell response and tolerance induction has furthermore been demonstrated during allergen‐specific subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy and is crucial for good therapeutic outcome. However, tolerance can also be strengthened unspecifically by simple means, e.g. by consuming farm milk and spending time in nature. Results so far obtained from animal models indicate that it is possible to restore tolerance by administering the allergen in certain circumstances both locally and systemically. It has become increasingly clear that continuous exposure to microbial antigens as well as allergens in foodstuffs and the environment is decisive, and excessive antigen avoidance can be harmful and weaken or even prevent the development of regulatory mechanisms. Success in the Finnish Asthma Programme was an encouraging example of how it is possible to reduce both the costs and morbidity of asthma. The time, in the wake of the Asthma Programme, is now opportune for a national allergy programme, particularly as in the past few years, fundamentally more essential data on tolerance and its mechanisms have been published. In this review, the scientific rationale for the Finnish Allergy Programme 2008–2018 is outlined. The focus is on tolerance and how to endorse tolerance at the population level.
Trends in Use of Ezetimibe After the ENHANCE Trial, 2007 Through 2010
Authors: Joseph S. Ross, Sharon G. Frazee, Susan B. Garavaglia, Rebecca Levin, Haik Novshadian, Cynthia A. Jackevicius, Glen Stettin, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Results from the Ezetimibe and Simvastatin in Hypercholesterolemia Enhances Atherosclerosis Regression (ENHANCE) trial, announced in January 2008, demonstrated that ezetimibe use lowered cholesterol levels but did not slow the progression of atherosclerosis.To examine the association of this announcement with national patterns of ezetimibe prescribing, including medication initiation and discontinuation, as well as predictors of use.Retrospective analysis of a national sample of adults 18 years or older who were continuously enrolled in plans of a large US pharmacy benefit manager from 2007 to 2010.Lipid-lowering therapy prescription claims were categorized as ezetimibe-containing treatments or any other lipid-lowering agent. Initiation was defined as an ezetimibe claim without another in the prior 180 days; discontinuation, as an ezetimibe claim without another in the subsequent 180 days.From 2007 to 2010, 29.1% of the 10,597,296 continuously eligible adults obtained at least 1 lipid-lowering agent prescription. Among these adults, 17.8% were prescribed ezetimibe and 95.3% another lipid-lowering agent, predominantly statins. Ezetimibe use peaked in January 2008, when 2.5% of all adults were ezetimibe users, but declined to 1.8% by December 2010. The ENHANCE trial announcement was associated with a nonsignificant 0.16% fewer monthly ezetimibe users (P = .11) but a significant 0.14% more monthly monotherapy users and 0.30% fewer users of ezetimibe concomitant with other lipid-lowering agents (both P = .01). The ENHANCE trial was also associated with 0.44% fewer monthly ezetimibe initiations (P = .002) and 10.4% more monthly ezetimibe discontinuations (P < .001), particularly of ezetimibe monotherapy for both. More than half of adults who initiated ezetimibe use did so without first being prescribed another lipid-lowering agent, both before (50%-60%) and after (60%-70%) the trial. Those aged 50 to 64 years and those living in the East South Central US Census division were both more likely to initiate and less likely to discontinue ezetimibe after the ENHANCE trial.After announcement of the results of the ENHANCE trial, nearly 2% of all continuously enrolled adult beneficiaries within a large US pharmacy benefit manager used ezetimibe, although ezetimibe initiations declined and discontinuations increased.
FREDERICK C. FLORANCE
Authors: G.A. Grant Peterkin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

Journal Article FREDERICK C. FLORANCE Get access G.A. Grant Peterkin G.A. Grant Peterkin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 88, Issue 6, 1 June 1973, Page 622, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1973.tb08030.x Published: 01 June 1973
Dissecting Aortic Aneurysm: A Varied Clinical Picture
Authors: R. K. MacCuish
Journal: BMJ (1953)

Spontaneous PneumothoraxThis is included as it accounted for five cases.It had a sudden onset with pain and a variable degree of dyspnoea.In four there was no previous or subsequent chest trouble.The fifth patient, an elderly lady of 68, had a history of recurring coughs and developed a valvular pneumothorax.She died in hospital.Conclusion It will be seen that these numerous cases from a single general practice present a different picture from those seen in hospital work.This is, of course, due to the fact that only the cases which cannot be managed at home are sent into the hospital wards.This series was relatively benignthus only two patients died in this group and nine required admission to hospital.This type of case has received almost no attention in the past, and it is felt that there is a need for further study of this group.A simpler and more precise method of classifying acute chest diseases, which should be based on aetiological grounds, is also necessary. SummaryA clinical report is presented on 164 cases of acute chest disease as seen in a general practice over a period of two years.Acute bronchitis accounted for 66 cases.Subdivision into primary and secondary groups is made.Seventy-seven cases of pneumonia were seen.Only three of these were the primary " classical " pneumonias.The common type was a localized area of inflam- mation with no clinical evidence of consolidation.On the aetiology of this subgroup it is difficult to dog- matize, but three possibilities are put forward: (1) infection due to an identifiable virus; (2) an infection due to a specific unidentifiable agent; or (3) the con- dition might in fact be an aspiration pneumonia.The other conditions which produced the acute chest were pleurisy, severe asthma, and spontaneous pneumo- thorax.A plea is made for a simpler and more logical classi- fication of acute chest diseases, and the need for further research on these conditions is stressed.I wish to express my gratitude to the pathological and radio- logical departments of the local hospital for their assistance, especially Dr.
The Effect of Liver Impairment of Lung Function and Pulmonary Antibacterial Defenses.
Authors: Gary L. Huber
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972The Effect of Liver Impairment of Lung Function and Pulmonary Antibacterial Defenses.Gary L. Huber, M.D., F. Marc LaForce, M.D., John F. Mullane, M.D.Gary L. Huber, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, F. Marc LaForce, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, John F. Mullane, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-879_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptImpaired liver function is frequently accompanied by alterations in lung structure and function. In addition, pulmonary infection is a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with liver disease. To study the relationship between liver damage and pulmonary function, liver impairment was experimentally induced using two rat animal models: common bile duct ligation and partial hepatectomy. To study pulmonary host defenses in these animals, bacterial in situ inactivation in the lungs was evaluated 14 hours after an aerosolized challenge of radiolabeled (32P)Staphylcoccus aureus. Control rats inactivated 86.3% of the bacterial challenge. After ligation of the common bile duct,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Mass. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 879-880KeywordsBile ductsInfectious diseasesLigation assayLiverLiver diseasesLungsMorbidityMortalityPulmonary diseasesPulmonary function Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Epidemiology of Tuberculosis Aboard a Ship
Authors: Mark A. Hardy
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A one-year study of an outbreak of pulmonary tuberculosis was conducted aboard a ship with 1,175 men. Twenty-five cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis were discovered. Purified protein derivative of tuberculin, Seibert (PPD-S) skin tests were performed serially, and roentgenographic studies were performed at two-month intervals on 532 men chosen because of their close proximity to the three initial active cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. The rest of the ship's complement was studied similarly twice during the year. Tuberculin reactivity rate went from 14.3% to 53.6% among 532 men. All PPD-S skin test converters underwent complete clinical evaluations. Airborne infection is suggested by the rapid spread and extraordinarily high rate of tuberculin conversion. Particular consideration is given to the high susceptibility of tuberculin-sensitive young adult men. Studies of all contacts at frequent intervals are reemphasized as the best means of preventing the spread of pulmonary tuberculosis in a closed environment.
Forward models and their implications for production, comprehension, and dialogue
Authors: Martin J. Pickering, Simon Garrod
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Our target article proposed that language production and comprehension are interwoven, with speakers making predictions of their own utterances and comprehenders making predictions of other people's utterances at different linguistic levels. Here, we respond to comments about such issues as cognitive architecture and its neural basis, learning and development, monitoring, the nature of forward models, communicative intentions, and dialogue.
Vitamania: Vitamins in American Culture
Authors: Frederick H. Opper
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<i>Vitamania</i>is not an attempt to answer the question of whether to supplement. Rather, it explores the economically driven forces propelling that question to the forefront of media coverage and our collective consciousness. The book is a historical review of the battle between, on the one hand, forces promoting vitamins, including the pharmaceutical and health food industries and alternative medical practitioners, and on the other, the skeptical forces of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the American Medical Association, and academia. Both sides proclaim that the preponderance of scientific evidence supports their views. Both sides are locked in ferocious combat for
Database Standardization, Linkage, and the Protection of Privacy
Authors: Emmanuel N. Lazaridis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

The Databases15 October 1997Database Standardization, Linkage, and the Protection of PrivacyEmmanuel N. Lazaridis, PhDEmmanuel N. Lazaridis, PhDThe Regenstrief Institute for Health Care; Indiana University Medical Center; Indianapolis, IN 46202Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-8_Part_2-199710151-00052 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail In writing this summary, I was tempted to call on one of the mantras of the current generation: “reduce, reuse, recycle.” The authors of the preceding three articles all seek to reduce the need for expensive and time-consuming clinical trials that may be difficult or impossible to conduct by reusing data already available in existing databases and by recycling it into products not envisioned when the data were originally collected. The views expressed in the paper by Gostin suggest that perhaps this mantra should be expanded from three Rs to four in the context of health care data: “reduce, reuse, ...References 1. Lazaridis EN, Carey MA. Security concerns for statisticians in a networked world. The American Statistician; [In press]. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Emmanuel N. Lazaridis, PhDAffiliations: The Regenstrief Institute for Health Care; Indiana University Medical Center; Indianapolis, IN 46202Note: This article is one of a series of articles comprising an Annals of Internal Medicine supplement entitled “Measuring Quality, Outcomes, and Cost of Care Using Large Databases: The Sixth Regenstrief Conference.” To see a complete list of the articles included in this supplement, please view its Table of Contents. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPerfil epidemiológico de pacientes adultos com tuberculose e AIDS no estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil: relacionamento dos bancos de dados de tuberculose e AIDSPharmacoepidemiologic research in Australia: challenges and opportunities for monitoring patients with rheumatic diseasesDatabases: A tool for quality management of diabetic pregnanciesPrivacy, Public Safety, and Medical ResearchA practical method of linking data from Medicare claims and a comprehensive electronic medical records systemMulticenter Patient Records Research: Security Policies and ToolsResources Used by PanelistsPrivacy versus safety: who is safe? 15 October 1997Volume 127, Issue 8_Part_2Page: 696KeywordsComputersDatabasesElectronic medical recordsHealth careHealth information technologyHealth services researchHealth surveysInformation storage and retrievalMedicarePatients ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 October 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
A METHOD OF INTUBATING THE OESOPHAGUS FOR MALIGNANT STRICTURE
Authors: H. S. Souttar
Journal: BMJ (1924)

TMZDNcICAOX _~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~LMDCLJui iritis is always preceded or accompanied by articular pains.I am cQnvinced that this is not correct; there is little reason why it should be when we consider that only about, 2 per cent. of all cases of gonorrhoea develop this complication.Tuberculous iritis can usually be diagnosed from gonor- rhoeal without difficulty by its occurrence in younger ssubjects, the presence of tubercles onl the iris, the very con- ,iderable damage done to the eye, the absence of true recurrences, and the diagniostic tuberculin tests.The so-called septic iritis due to an endogenous septic infection mnay closely simulate the gonorrhoeal variety.Recurrences are frequent and the condition of the iris may give no clue as to the cause.The damage to the eye is 'greater than in the gonorrhoeal variety and rheumatism may occur.It must iiot be forgotten that thorough investi- gation is necessary in these cases, and that the gonococcus may be at the root of the matter.Although a venereal history and a careful and azecuirate inspection Qf jthej eye.ill give us valuable assistance, yet it is to the genito-urinary organs that we must turn for a dofinite diagnosis, and it' nust be remembered that the
THE SANITARY AND UNSANITARY RELATIONS OF UNDERGROUND WATERS.Read in the Section of State Medicine, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: S. H. BRYCE
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<i>Gentlemen</i>:—It is not my intention to deal at any length with this subject, but rather to present some of the principles to be observed in the selection of drinking waters. Much has been said with regard to the dangers of drinking water from wells; but it has not been until recently that the differentiation has been made as regards wells that are dangerous and those that are healthy. As a general principle, it may be said that practically all<i>really</i>underground waters are sanitarily good; but it must be clearly understood what is meant by an underground water. For instance: 1. A water lying in a shallow dug out in prairie or bog land, down only to the impervious clay or rock below, cannot fairly be called underground water. 2. Neither can a well down even into a true water-bearing stratum of sand or gravel, be called an underground water,
Giovanni Frisoni: an innovator with his head in the cloud
Authors: David Holmes
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2011)

"When my kids get up in the morning they look forward to playing with their PlayStation. I look forward to playing with my projects", says Giovanni Frisoni, who was in a suitably playful mood when The Lancet Neurology caught up with him in May. His latest game involves developing the cloud-computing infrastructure that will eventually enable researchers to analyse thousands of pooled images of the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Not exactly child's play, but for Frisoni "it's fun, it's a lot of fun".
An analysis of the pulsatile hemodynamic responses of the pulmonary circulation to acute and chronic pulmonary venous hypertension in the awake dog.
Authors: R A Hopkins, J W Hammon, P A McHale, P K Smith, R W Anderson
Journal: Circulation Research (1980)

In this study we measured high fidelity pulsatile pressure and flow waveforms at the inlet to the pulmonary vascular bed to assess the differences in adaptation to acute and chronic pulmonary venous hypertension in awake dogs. Acute elevations in left atrial pressure (P1a) were effected by inflation of left atrial balloons, while chronic elevations were accomplished by placement of aorta to left atrial shunts. Pulmonary artery hydraulic impedance was calculated and analysis of these data revealed marked differences between the responses to acute and chronic elevations of left atrial pressure. The acutely stressed dogs (n = 12) had significantly decreased pulmonary vascular resistance (when P1a = 16.9 +/- 1.0 mm Hg, PVR = 212 +/- 57 dynes sec/cm5; when P1a = 28.6 +/- 1.4 mm Hg PVR = 18 +/- 115 dynes sec/cm5; control P1a = 6.1 +/- 1.5 mm Hg, and PVR = 355 +/- 69 dynes sec/cm5) and normal characteristic impedances (ZO) (210 +/- 36, 227 +/- 39, 178 +/- 14 dynes sec/cm5, respectively), indicating recruitment of arteriolar-capillary perfusion density and no change in proximal pulmonary arterial physical properties. The chronic pulmonary venous hypertension group (n = 11) retained normal PVR (496 +/- 30 dynes sec/cm5) but demonstrated a markedly higher characteristic impedance, ZO = 361 +/- 11 dynes sec/cm5 (P &lt; 0.001). This indicated a measurably different and extremely potent effect of chronic venous hypertension on the physical properties of the pulmonary vessels with an apparently increased arterial stiffness correlating with a 4-fold increase in Young's elastic modulus. These changes were not reversed by alpha-adrenergic blockade or acute lowering of left atrial pressures.
Transcription factor T-bet regulates intestinal inflammation mediated by innate lymphoid cells with the interleukin-7 receptor
Authors: Nick Powell, Alan W Walker, Emilie Stolarczyk, James B Canavan, M Refik Gokmen, Ellen Marks, Ian Jackson, Ahmed Hashim, Michael A Curtis, Richard G Jenner, Jane K Howard, Julian Parkhill, Thomas T MacDonald, Graham M Lord
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
<i>N</i> -Acetylcysteine as a Potential Antidote and Biomonitoring Agent of Methylmercury Exposure
Authors: David A. Aremu, Michael S. Madejczyk, Nazzareno Ballatori
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Many people, by means of consumption of seafood or other anthropogenic sources, are exposed to levels of methylmercury (MeHg) that are generally considered to be quite low, but that may nevertheless produce irreversible brain damage, particularly in unborn babies. The only way to prevent or ameliorate MeHg toxicity is to enhance its elimination from the body.Using N-acetylcysteine (NAC), we aimed to devise a monitoring protocol for early detection of acute exposure or relatively low MeHg levels in a rodent model, and to test whether NAC reduces MeHg levels in the developing embryo.NAC produced a transient, dose-dependent acceleration of urinary MeHg excretion in rats of both sexes. Approximately 5% of various MeHg doses was excreted in urine 2 hr after injection of 1 mmol/kg NAC. In pregnant rats, NAC markedly reduced the body burden of MeHg, particularly in target tissues such as brain, placenta, and fetus. In contrast, NAC had no significant effect on urinary MeHg excretion in preweanling rats.Because NAC causes a transient increase in urinary excretion of MeHg that is proportional to the body burden, it is promising as a biomonitoring agent for MeHg in adult animals. In view of this and because NAC is effective at enhancing MeHg excretion when given either orally or intravenously, can decrease brain and fetal levels of MeHg, has minimal side effects, and is widely available in clinical settings, NAC should be evaluated as a potential antidote and biomonitoring agent in humans.