tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric outpatient practice: patterns and policies
Authors: M Olfson, H H Goldman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1992)

The purpose of this paper is to explore possible consequences of recent changes in the Medicare payment schedule for office-based psychiatric services.Psychiatric office visits from the 1985 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey were categorized in a manner that approximates commonly used codes of the Physicians' Current Procedural Terminology. An analysis was conducted of the frequency and clinical characteristics of various types of services, focusing particularly on visits of under 20 minutes in length that included a medication prescription (medication visits) and other visits of 35 minutes or less in duration (brief visits).Medication visits and brief visits together accounted for more than one-quarter (27.3%) of all U.S. psychiatric office visits. The relative risk of receiving these short visits was greater for patients who paid with public resources, were over 65 years of age, were nonwhite in race (brief visits only), received a prescription for an antipsychotic medication, or were diagnosed as having a psychotic disorder.Short office visits are provided to a particularly vulnerable patient population. The reduction in Medicare copayments for medication management services should increase the patient demand for these short visits. However, where the new Medicare schedule has lowered physician fees for these services, the financial incentive to provide short visits will decrease and patient access may become limited.
Diversity in the germline antibody repertoire. Molecular evolution of the T15 VN gene family.
Authors: R M Perlmutter, B Berson, J A Griffin, L Hood
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

The T15 heavy chain variable region (VH) gene family in BALB/c mice includes four elements each greater than 88% homologous with the other. One of these elements, V1, encodes virtually all of the VH regions in BALB/c antiphosphorylcholine antibodies, while another element, V3, is a pseudogene and cannot be transcribed or translated. We have examined the structural features of this VH gene family in other mouse strains and, in particular, have cloned and sequenced the alleles of these gene segments present in B10.P mice. Each of the four B10.P sequences can be matched with its allelic counterpart in BALB/c mice. This represents the first successful analysis of allelism in antibody variable region gene segments. The V1B10.P allele, like its BALB/c counterpart, encodes most of the known phosphorylcholine binding heavy chains from C37BL/6 mice. Similarly, the V3B10.P gene segment is a pseudogene like V3BALB, although only two of four abnormalities present in the BALB/c allele are also present in the B10.P allele. Careful analysis of the specific substitutions observed in the T15 VH gene family suggests that environmental selection for functional combining regions contributes significantly to the pattern of variation in the germline antibody repertoire. In addition, evidence is presented supporting frequent gene conversion events in the divergence of antibody genes.
Selective aortic perfusion and oxygenation: An effective adjunct to external chest compression-based cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Norman A. Paradis, Michael I. Rose, Maria S. Gawryl
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to compare the perfusion pressure and rate of return of spontaneous circulation produced by advanced cardiac life support with that resulting from advanced cardiac life support with simultaneous aortic occlusion and proximal infusion with oxygenated fluid. Background. Cardiopulmonary-resuscitation based solely on external chest compression is unable to achieve return of spontaneous circulation in most patients with cardiac arrest. Adjunctive therapies that enhance myocardial oxygen supply may improve outcomes. Methods. We conducted a prospective, randomized study in mongrel dogs using a fibrillatory model of cardiac arrest with a 20-min arrest time. Dogs were randomized to two groups. Aortic arch and right micromanometers were placed to measure intravascular pressure. Manual external chest compression was used and standardised to an esophageal pulse pressure of 50 mm Hg. Two minutes after initiation of advanced cardiac life support, selective aortic perfusion and oxygenation were initiated in dogs assigned to one group by inflation of an occluding balloon in the descending aorta and infusion of 450 ml of ultrapurified polymerized bovine hemoglobin through a large bore central infusion port. Results. Maximal aortic pressure during standard advanced cardiac life support was 42 ± 23 (mean ± SD) versus 69 ± 28 mm Hg during advanced cardiac life support with selective aortic perfusion and oxygenation. Maximal coronary perfusion pressure during standard therapy was 33 ± 21 versus 62 ± 26 mm Hg during combined therapy. Only 2 of 10 dogs receiving standard therapy had return of spontaneous circulation versus 6 of 7 receiving combined therapy. Balloon occlusion alone did not increase perfusion pressure significantly. Conclusions. The use of selective aortic perfusion and oxygenation increases aortic and coronary perfusion pressures during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, resulting in a large increase in the rate of return of spontaneous circulation. This technique may be an effective adjunct to advanced cardiac life support based on any method of external chest compression and may improve the poor prognosis of patients with cardiac arrest.
Points from Letters: Treatment of Sciatica
Authors: J. H. Davidson
Journal: BMJ (1975)

vogue in the future should Parliament as at present constituted beconme too unwieldy to function effectively.Moreover, the medical profession would be freer to set up and supervise what mtust surely come, and that is a body of aware persons to interview at regular intervals all persons in paid authority above a certain level of responsibility, in- cluding doctors, lawyers, M.P.s, teachers, etc., regairding their continuing suitability to hold such authority.Under the pro- fession's present subservience to politics this would be difficult to implement, if at all."What shall it profit a man if he shall gain the whole world and lose his own soul?"And as a profession we are in grave danger of doing just that.-I am, etc.,
Airborne grass (Poaceae) pollen in southern Spain. Results of a 10‐year study (1987–96)
Authors: F. J. González Minero, P. Candau, C. Tomás, J. Morales
Journal: Allergy (1998)

This work reports an exhaustive study of the aerobiology of the Gramineae in Seville, Spain, which is typical of coastal Mediterranean areas. Sampling was done with a Cour trap installed on the roof terrace of the School of Pharmacy, Seville, from 1987 to 1996, both inclusive. The climatic pattern of that period was characterized by two exceptionally wet years (1989 and 1996), between which were 5 consecutive years of drought (1990–5). This typieally Mediterranean climate affects grass aerobiology. The annual amounts of total grass pollen are low, never exceeding 25(X) grains/m 3 . The start, length, and intensity of the pollen season are significantly correlated with preseasonal meteorologic factors (precipitation and temperature), but intraseasonal meteorologic conditions have no effect on the three variables. The relationships are stated by three equations that, while further years of observations are anticipated, can be considered models to forecast the characteristics of the pollen season: the starting date depends on the mean temperatures of January and February, and the length and intensity of the season depend on the rainfall between the beginning of January and the starting date of the season. For the study period, the weekly concentrations (pollen curves) throughout the year showed no typical pattern of variation over the years, so that it was impossible to make mid‐ and long‐term forecasts of the variation in weekly concentration. The most noteworthy aspects of grass pollen curves are a long pollen season, which starts in February or March and lasts until September or October; peaks of higher concentration (&gt;1(K) grains/m 3 ) in May and June, associated with increases in temperature and absence of precipitation; and other peaks in the summer months that may be as high as the spring peaks.
T cell receptor alpha-, beta-, and gamma-genes in T cell and pre-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Authors: C A Felix, J J Wright, D G Poplack, G H Reaman, D Cole, P Goldman, S J Korsmeyer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

We examined alpha-, beta-, and gamma-T cell receptor (TCR) gene activation within acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs) that represent early stages of B and T cell development. We wished to determine if TCR rearrangement and expression was lineage restricted, showed any developmental hierarchy, or could identify new subsets of T cells. Rearrangement of gamma and beta TCR genes occurred early in development but in no set order, and most T-ALLs (22/26) were of sufficient maturity to have rearranged both genes. T-ALLs preferentially rearranged C gamma 2 versus the C gamma 1 complex; no preference within the beta locus was apparent. Once rearranged, the beta TCR continued to be expressed (11/13), whereas the gamma TCR was rarely expressed (3/14). The alpha TCR was expressed only in more mature T-ALLs (8/14) that usually displayed T3. The 3A-1 T cell associated antigen appeared earliest in development followed by T11 and T3. Within pre-B cell ALL a higher incidence of lineage spillover was noted for gamma TCR rearrangements (8/17) than for beta rearrangements (3/17). This also contrasts with the only occasional rearrangement of immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chains (3/25) in T-ALL. However, in pre-B ALL the pattern of gamma TCR usage was distinct from that of T cells, with the C gamma 1 complex utilized more frequently. Almost all ALLs could be classified as pre-B or T cell in type by combining Ig and TCR genes with monoclonal antibodies recognizing surface antigens, although examples of lineage duality were noted. Unique subpopulations of cells were discovered including two genetically uncommitted ALLs that failed to rearrange either Ig or TCR loci. Moreover, two T lymphoblasts were identified that possessed the T3 molecule but failed to express alpha plus beta TCR genes. These T-ALLs may represent a fortuitous transformation of T cell subsets with alternative T3-Ti complexes.
PLASTIC OPERATIONS FOR THE CLOSURE OF POSTAURAL OPENINGS FOLLOWING RADICAL AND MASTOID OPERATIONS.
Authors: EDWARD BRADFORD DENCH
Journal: JAMA (1904)

It occasionally happens that after either a simple mastoid operation or after the radical operation for the relief of chronic suppurative otitis media, that an opening of considerable size remains behind the ear. Some operators advocate that such an opening be left in the majority of cases of radical operation for the the relief of chronic suppurative otitis media, in order that all parts of the middle ear may be freely open to inspection. As the radical operation is now performed, however, most surgeons prefer to close the posterior wound completely, and to secure all subsequent drainage through a sufficiently patent external meatus. It also occasionally happens that a permanent opening remains behind the ear in cases operated on for acute mastoiditis. This occurs only in those cases where the destruction of bone has been very extensive, and usually where, after the operation, large sequestra have been exfoliated. When these
Sustained elevated serum somatotropin concentrations in Holstein steers following subcutaneous delivery of a growth hormone releasing factor analog dispersed in water, oil or microspheres
Authors: T.P Foster, W.M Moseley, J.F Caputo, G.R Alaniz, M.W Leatherman, X Yu, W.H Claflin, D.R Reeves, D.L Cleary, M.R Zantello, L.F Krabill, J.R Wiest
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1997)
NADPH oxidase mediates angiotensin II-induced endothelin-1 expression in vascular adventitial fibroblasts
Authors: S AN, R BOYD, M ZHU, A CHAPMAN, D PIMENTEL, H WANG
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2007)

We have recently reported that adventitial fibroblasts are able to express endothelin-1 (ET-1) in response to angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulation. However, the mechanism by which this occurs in the adventitia remains unclear. As Ang II has been reported to increase oxidant production by NADPH oxidase, we examined the role of this complex in Ang II stimulated ET-1 expression in vascular adventitial fibroblasts.Adventitial fibroblasts were isolated and cultured from mouse aorta. Cells were treated with Ang II (100 nmol/L) in the presence or absence of NADPH oxidase inhibitors, apocynin (100 micromol/L) and diphenyleneiodonium (10 micromol/L), superoxide scavengers, SOD (350 units/mL), tempol (100 micromol/L), tiron (100 micromol/L), and ET-receptor antagonists (10 microM), BQ123 (for ET(A)-) and BQ788 (for ET(B)-). PreproET-1 mRNA and ET-1 level were determined by relative RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Type I procollagen-alpha-I (collagen) level was detected by Western blot. Superoxide anion (superoxide) production was determined by coelenterazine or lucigenin chemiluminescence. Ang II-induced collagen expression was inhibited by BQ123, suggesting that adventitial ET-1 plays a significant role in regulating the extracellular matrix. NADPH oxidase inhibitors and superoxide scavengers significantly decreased Ang II-induced ET-1 mRNA and peptide expression, superoxide production as well as collagen expression. Furthermore, deletion of gp91(phox) (a key subunit of NADPH oxidase) and overexpression of SOD1 attenuated Ang II-induced responses.Ang II-evoked expression of ET-1 in adventitial fibroblasts appears to be mediated, at least in part, by NADPH oxidase. Functionally, this mechanism stimulates collagen expression thereby implicating the adventitia as a potential contributor to the vascular pathophysiology associated with oxidative stress and vascular remodeling.
Effects of sympathetic stimulation, with and without previous 1 and adrenoceptor blockade, on refractoriness dispersion in canine heart
Authors: T. Tanabe, K. Takahashi, M. Kitada, K. Yoshioka, S. Handa, H. Mori
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

The aim was to determine the electrophysiological effects of cardiac sympathetic stimulation, with and without prior alpha 1 and beta adrenoceptor blockade during myocardial ischaemia in dogs.Chloralose anaesthetised dogs were studied 2 h after ligation of the obtuse marginal branches of the circumflex artery (OMB). The refractory period was measured at eight sites in the ischaemic zone, two sites in the border zone, and two sites in the normal zone with S1-S2 extrastimulus methods.In group 1 (n = 13), before OMB ligation, stimulation of the ventrolateral cardiac nerve shortened the refractory period only in the ischaemic zone (p < 0.01). OMB ligation resulted in a significant shortening of the refractory period in the ischaemic zone (p < 0.01). In group 2 (n = 12), the alpha 1 blocker bunazosin (0.2 mg.kg-1, intravenously) blunted the shortening of the refractory period in the ischaemic zone induced by OMB ligation (p < 0.01), resulting in a reduction in refractory period dispersion between the ischaemic and non-ischaemic (border and normal) zones. Subsequent administration of the beta blocker propranolol (0.2 mg.kg-1, intravenously) prolonged refractory periods both in the ischaemic and in the non-ischaemic zones (p < 0.05 v p < 0.001). Ventrolateral cardiac nerve stimulation reversed the effects of bunazosin on the refractory period in the ischaemic zone; however, after the addition of propranolol, neural stimulation no longer influenced the refractory period. In group 3 (n = 13), propranolol (0.2 mg.kg-1, intravenously) reversed the shortening of the refractory period in the ischaemic zone (p < 0.01) induced by OMB ligation but also prolonged the refractory period in the non-ischaemic zone (p < 0.001); refractory period dispersion between the ischaemic and non-ischaemic zones was thus not reduced. Ventrolateral cardiac nerve stimulation had no effect on refractory period after administration of propranolol alone or propranolol followed by bunazosin.Although an alpha 1 blocker may be better than a beta blocker in reducing refractory period dispersion between the ischaemic and non-ischaemic myocardium, a beta blocker may protect more effectively than an alpha 1 blocker against the detrimental effects of cardiac nerve activity on electrical instability in the ischaemic myocardium.
Calculated Sports Risks
Authors: W. G. Eliasberg
Journal: JAMA (1967)

ABSTRACT To the Editor:— In weight training of a 13-year-old boy, your staff member Kenneth S. Clarke, PhD (199:52, 1967) lists narcissism as a psychological factor. I have found among boys of this age and even among physically well-developed ones the continuous fear of being the weaker one, a type of inferiority which, of course, can not be overcome by any degree of physical training. Such boys often perfer weight lifting, the reason being that this, indeed, packs the arms with bulging muscles. The paradox, however, is that the boy never feels himself strong enough. The thing becomes a labor of Sisyphus.I would in every such case look into the psychological background and if necessary spend several hours to make the boy understand his motives. He may as a result return to a normal measure of graceful exercise.
Interaction of azapropazone with phenytoin.
Authors: D P Geaney, J G Carver, J K Aronson, C P Warlow
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Interaction of azapropazone with phenytoinWe recently observed a patient in whom we suspected an interaction of azapropazone with phenytoin resulting in phenytoin toxicity.This and a report of a similar case' led us to investigate the effect of azapropazone on steady-state plasma phenytoin concentrations in five healthy volunteers. Subjects and results INITIAL CASEA 60-year-old man who had had grand mal epilepsy for three years was receiving maintenance treatment of phenytoin 300 mg daily.He was given azapropazone 600 mg twice daily for arthralgia and two weeks later developed increasing confusion, nausea, diplopia, and vertigo.Examination showed nystagmus on lateral gaze.Plasma phenytoin concentration was 148 Hmol/l (37 isg/ml).Phenytoin and azapropazone were stopped, and his
The Frankenstein Factor
Authors: Willard Gaylin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Recombinant DNA is becoming the Farrah Fawcett-Majors of scientific issues of the day. It is impossible to get through a week's reading of newspapers and magazines (let alone scientific publications) without encountering yet another insider's view of this glamorous subject. If recombinant DNA research is destroyed by the publicity surrounding it, it will be due to anxiety, not boredom. The fate of such extraordinarily promising research ought not be influenced by emotional, rhetorical or irrational reasons.It seems clear to me that there is an unanalyzed element coloring the debate about this research. Within my limits as a man unsophisticated . . .
Abstract 3248: Oral administration of FAK inhibitor TAE226 inhibits the progression of peritoneal dissemination of colorectal cancer.
Authors: Munenori Takaoka, Hui-fang Hao, Xiao-hong Bao, Yasuko Tomono, Kazufumi Sakurama, Toshiaki Ohara, Takuya Fukazawa, Tomoki Yamatsuji, Yoshio Naomoto
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Peritoneal dissemination is one of the most terrible types of colorectal cancer progression. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) plays a crucial role in the biological processes of cancer, such as cell attachment, migration, proliferation and survival, all of which are essential for the progression of peritoneal dissemination. Since we and other groups have reported that the inhibition of FAK activity exhibited a potent anticancer effect in several cancer models, we hypothesized that TAE226, a novel ATP-competitive tyrosine kinase inhibitor designed to target FAK, can prevent the occurrence and progression of peritoneal dissemination. In vitro, TAE226 greatly inhibited the proliferation and migration of HCT116 colon cancer cells, while their adhesion on the matrix surface was minimally inhibited when FAK activity and expression was suppressed by TAE226 and siRNA. In vivo, when HCT116 cells were intraperitoneally inoculated in mice, the cells could attach to the peritoneum and begin to grow within 24 h regardless of the pretreatment of cells with TAE226 or FAK-siRNA, suggesting that FAK is not essential, at least for the initial integrin-matrix contacts. Interestingly, the treatment of mice before and after inoculation significantly suppressed the cell attachment to the peritoneum. Furthermore, oral administration of TAE226 greatly reduced the size of disseminated tumors and prolonged survival in tumor-bearing mice. Taken together, a possible strategy for inhibiting peritoneal dissemination by targeting FAK, including TAE226, appears to be applicable through anti-proliferative and anti-invasion/anti-migration mechanisms. Citation Format: Munenori Takaoka, Hui-fang Hao, Xiao-hong Bao, Yasuko Tomono, Kazufumi Sakurama, Toshiaki Ohara, Takuya Fukazawa, Tomoki Yamatsuji, Yoshio Naomoto. Oral administration of FAK inhibitor TAE226 inhibits the progression of peritoneal dissemination of colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3248. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3248
Van Gogh: Meniere's Disease? Epilepsy? Psychosis?
Authors: Diane P. Freedman
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent article by Arenberg et al<sup>1</sup>makes me dizzy. It includes too many misquotations, misleading and intentionally incomplete quotations, quotations out of context, cavalier editing of van Gogh's letters (eg, "attacks" being juxtaposed to<i>"vertige"</i>), and twisting of symptoms to fit the proposed diagnosis (Meniere's disease). By their criteria and analysis, few of us do not have Meniere's. To spare readers of theThe Journalfrom vertiginous stimuli, I briefly note the following: there is no letter "W 44" as cited by Arenberg et al; in letter W 4, van Gogh does not state "vertigo was felt with me always" but rather writes "I always had fits of dizziness<i>in a horrible nightmare</i>[my emphasis] which has left me since, but which came back regularly then."2 In letter 638 to his brother Theo, the authors quote van Gogh as writing that, "An attack of vertigo
Cervical Radicular Pain Secondary to Osteoid Osteoma of Spine
Authors: Michael Scott
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Radicular pain resulting from cervical nerve root compression by an osteoid osteoma has been previously reported, but its occurrence has been quite rare.<sup>1,2</sup>We are adding the following case <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 28-year-old white man had been well until October 1969, when pain developed in the left scapular and lower posterior cervical areas. Later, lancinating pains radiated posteriorly to the left arm and into the dorsal surface of the hand and middle finger. The pain was aggravated by coughing, straining, and flexion of the neck. The patient had no gait or sphincter difficulties. Mild analgesic drugs occasionally relieved the pain. Prior to admission, the patient had been under the care of an orthopedic physician in another city where x-rays films of the cervical spine were reported normal. A profile of pertinent laboratory tests gave normal results. Intermittent cervical traction, phenylbutazone, and muscle relaxants did