tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Early Treatment of War Wounds
Authors: Henry McIlree Williamson Gray
Journal: BMJ (1941)

This small "Oxford War Manual" is in reality a summary of the experiences of the author in World War I; as stated in the preface, he hopes that a record of the failures and successes in the treatment of the wounded will act as a starting point for the great advances which he is confident will be achieved during the present struggle. The first part of the first chapter is a masterful statement of the general principles for the care of the war wounded and should be read by every medical officer. The paragraphs on splinting in fractures are likewise excellent. Over half the manual, however, does not deal, as indicated in the title, with the early treatment of war wounds but with the later operative procedures. The "present struggle" has already gone two years, which to the reviewer seems long enough to include in a manual of this kind
Abstract ES4-1: Navigating the Obstacles and Risks of Survivorship: Breast Cancer Sexuality: Issues and Answers
Authors: M Krychman
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The sexual consequences of breast cancer and its treatments are well known. Sexual difficulties include alteration in hormonal levels, changes in sexual organs and anatomy, vaginal and vulvar dryness, changes in libido, increased latency to orgasm and decreased intensity of orgasmic response. Changes in body image, sexual self-esteem and relationship dynamic tension may present as survivorship challenges for the breast cancer patient and her partner. Severe vulvo vaginal and clitoral atrophy as a result of chemotherapy and/or adjuvant hormone therapy, and loss of libido secondary to dyspareunia are widespread. Cytostatic medications that are prescribed for long-term use (aromatase inhibitors) can impact bone health, sexual functioning/satisfaction and overall quality of life. Many women on aromatase inhibitors have severe complaints of vulvar and vaginal atrophy. Sexual dysfunction is common for breast cancer population and limited acceptable treatments are available. Minimally absorbed local vaginal estrogen use in this population remains controversial and a hotly debated controversial topic. More data should be forthcoming. There are multiple new innovative treatments in the research pipeline for female sexual dysfunction. DHEA intravaginal suppositories, Flibanserin and Bremelanotide (PT 141) remain promising although they have not been adequately studied in the breast cancer population. Ospemifene a novel estrogen agonist/ antagonist has demonstrated a strong estrogenic effect on the vaginal epithelium during a three month trial period and did not stimulate the endometrium; however, the medication did mildly aggravate hot flashes (this did not lead to drug discontinuation). Although not studied in breast cancer patients, pivotal Phase 3 data confirmed effectiveness of ospemifene as effective treatment for vulvovaginal atrophy. In a recent article in Menopause, Ospemifene and 4-hydroxyospemifene effectively prevented and treat breast cancer in Mtag. TG Transgenic Mouse. Testosterone use remains off label and is not FDA approved, yet it is widely used in the non cancer population. New emerging safety data will be presented. Vaginal moisturizers, lubricants and dilators in association with genito pelvic floor therapy and intravaginal valium suppositories can be considered front line treatment for atrophy, dyspareunia and hypertonic vaginismus. New innovative data on non hormonal management of hot flashes is and important initial step in the overall management of the breast cancer patient who is suffering from sexual dysfunction. A multi model treatment paradigm will be presented which will include pharmacologic, nonpharmacologic, and psychosocial interventions. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr ES4-1.
Diagnosis of a Pneumothorax on the Ventilation Lung Scan Images
Authors: FREDERICK L. DATZ, WAYNE DAVIS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

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SKIN TESTS IN MEASLES
Authors: RUTH TUNNICLIFF
Journal: JAMA (1926)

In skin tests with killed cultures of the green-producing diplococcus from measles, Tunnicliff<sup>1</sup>obtained positive reactions in 100 per cent of persons who had not had measles, and in only 4 per cent of those with a history of measles. This intracellular toxin was neutralized in persons with a negative history of measles by convalescent human measles serum, but not by the serum of a person who had not had measles. The toxin was neutralized in rabbits by convalescent human measles serum and by the serum of goats convalescing from the reaction produced by measles diplococci, but not by normal goat serum. The measles toxin produced reactions in normal rabbits, but not in rabbits immunized against measles. Berkefeld W filtrates of cultures of measles diplococci failed to produce any reactions. Recently, Ferry and Fisher<sup>2</sup>have demonstrated an extracellular toxin in filtered cultures of green-producing streptococci from measles with
DNA content and DNA synthesis in the myocardium of rats after induced renal hypertension
Authors: H. KUHN, P. PFITZER, K. STOEPEL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1974)

Values of induced renal hypertension were found to rise above 200 mm Hg after three weeks; these values changed only slightly during the nine months of experiment. Fibre thickness was found to correspond to hypertension. DNA synthesis took place first in endothelial and interstitial cells and decreased after three months. Only then could a significant DNA synthesis in myocardial cells be observed. There was no polyploidization of the myocardial nuclei.
Arrhythmias During Acute Pericarditis
Authors: William H. Wehrmacher
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Spodick's interesting perspective study of 100 consecutive cases of pericarditis (235:39, 1976) casts serious doubt, that should not go unchallenged, on the generally accepted role of pericarditis as a cause for atrial arrhythmias. Continuing clinical experience, as well as our published study of 90 cases of acute pericarditis, support precisely the opposite conclusion and are in accord with the references from Friedberg's<i>Diseases of the Heart</i>and T. N. James' publications refuted by Dr Spodick. Among the 90 patients that form the basis of our published report, ten (11%) had atrial arrhythmias (six, atrial fibrillation; two, atrial flutter; two, atrial tachycardia) of which only three had been recognized clinically before electrocardiograms were recorded. We cannot attribute these arrhythmias, as Spodick suggests, to coincidental cardiac disease of another origin; we had specifically excluded pericarditis secondary to myocardial infarction, rheumatic carditis, and metastatic and collagen disease. Thus, in
Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Detected by FDG PET/CT in a Thyroglobulin-Positive Patient With Negative Whole-Body 131I Scan
Authors: Umut Elboga, Ebuzer Kalender, Mustafa Yilmaz, Y. Zeki Celen, Cumali Aktolun
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Axillary metastasis is not a common finding in papillary carcinoma. 18F-FDG can detect foci of metastasis in patients with negative 131I scan. We report a case of a 64-year-old man who had undergone thyroidectomy and 131I ablation due to classic type of papillary carcinoma 14 years ago. Follow-up examination revealed high serum thyroglobulin and negative whole body 131I scan. 18F-FDG PET/CT showed focally increased uptake in right axillary as well as supraclavicular and bilateral cervical lymph nodes. Histopathological examination of the surgically removed lymph nodes confirmed the metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Hypothermia and acute pancreatitis: myth or reality?
Authors: R. E Stiff, G J Morris-Stiff, J Torkington
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

Among the rarer causes of acute pancreatitis listed in surgical texts is hypothermia. To assess the evidence for cause and effect, we questioned selected consultants about their experience and examined the case-notes of patients admitted with hypothermia. The 31 consultants who returned our questionnaire (69% response rate; 317 consultant-years’ experience) could recall only 5 cases of pancreatitis associated with hypothermia, in 2 of which other aetiological factors were judged primary. In case-notes for 100 months of emergency admissions at a single hospital we identified 310 patients with hypothermia and 1153 with acute pancreatitis; none had the dual diagnosis. Of the hypothermic patients, none had abdominal pain typical of acute pancreatitis. In 43 serum amylase was measured because the patient was unable to give a full history and in 2 of these the enzyme was slightly raised; both had experienced a cerebrovascular accident, which is a known cause of hyperamylasaemia. Considered alongside the weak evidence from previous studies, these findings offer negligible support for the idea that hypothermia is a clinically relevant risk factor for acute pancreatitis.
Detection of anti-isoniazid and anti-cytochrome P450 antibodies in patients with isoniazid-induced liver failure
Authors: Imir G. Metushi, Corron Sanders, W. M. Lee, Anne M. Larson, Iris Liou, Timothy Davern, Oren Fix, Michael Schilsky, Timothy McCashland, J. Eileen Hay, Natalie Murray, A. Obaid S. Shaikh, Andres Blei, Daniel Ganger, Atif Zaman, Steven H.B. Han, Robert Fontana, Brendan McGuire, Raymond T. Chung, Alastair Smith, Robert Brown, Jeffrey Crippin, Edwin Harrison, Adrian Reuben, Santiago Munoz, Rajender Reddy, R. Todd Stravitz, Lorenzo Rossaro, Raj Satyanarayana, Tarek Hassanein, Grace Samuel, Ezmina Lalani, Carla Pezzia, Nahid Attar, Linda S. Hynan, Valerie Durkalski, Wenle Zhao, Catherine Dillon, Holly Battenhouse, Tomoko Goddard, William M. Lee, Jack Uetrecht
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Isoniazid (INH)-induced hepatotoxicity remains one of the most common causes of drug-induced idiosyncratic liver injury and liver failure. This form of liver injury is not believed to be immune-mediated because it is not usually associated with fever or rash, does not recur more rapidly on rechallenge, and previous studies have failed to identify anti-INH antibodies (Abs). In this study, we found Abs present in sera of 15 of 19 cases of INH-induced liver failure. Anti-INH Abs were present in 8 sera; 11 had anti–cytochrome P450 (CYP)2E1 Abs, 14 had Abs against CYP2E1 modified by INH, 14 had anti-CYP3A4 antibodies, and 10 had anti-CYP2C9 Abs. INH was found to form covalent adducts with CYP2E1, CYP3A4, and CYP2C9. None of these Abs were detected in sera from INH-treated controls without significant liver injury. The presence of a range of antidrug and autoAbs has been observed in other drug-induced liver injury that is presumed to be immune mediated. Conclusion: These data provide strong evidence that INH induces an immune response that causes INH-induced liver injury. (Hepatology 2014;59:1084–1093)
High Serum Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Are Associated with Rapid Progression in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Johanna Nikkola, Pia Vihinen, Meri-Sisko Vuoristo, Pirkko Kellokumpu-Lehtinen, Veli-Matti Kähäri, Seppo Pyrhönen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are proteolytic enzymes that play an important role in various aspects of cancer progression. In the present work, we have studied the prognostic significance of serum levels of gelatinase B (MMP-9), collagenase-1 (MMP-1), and collagenase-3 (MMP-13) in patients with advanced melanoma. Experimental Design: Total pretreatment serum levels of MMP-9 in 71 patients and MMP-1 and MMP-13 in 48 patients were determined by an assay system based on ELISA. Total MMP levels were also assessed in eight healthy controls. The active and latent forms of MMPs were defined by using Western blot analysis and gelatin zymography. Results: Patients with high serum levels of MMP-9 (≥376.6 ng/mL; n = 19) had significantly poorer overall survival (OS) than patients with lower serum MMP-9 levels (n = 52; median OS, 29.1 versus 45.2 months; P = 0.033). High MMP-9 levels were also associated with visceral or bone metastasis (P = 0.027), elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level (P = 0.0009), and presence of liver metastases (P = 0.032). Serum levels of MMP-1 and MMP-13 did not correlate with OS. MMP-1 and MMP-9 were found mainly in latent forms in serum, whereas the majority of MMP-13 in serum was active (48 kDa) form. MMP-13 was found more often in active form in patients (mean, 99% of the total MMP-13 level) than in controls (mean, 84% of the total MMP-13 level; P &amp;lt; 0.0001). After initiating the therapy, patients with elevated levels of MMP-1 (≥29.8 ng/mL, n = 10) progressed more rapidly than patients with lower levels (median, 1.9 versus 3.5 months; P = 0.023). Serum levels of MMP-9 and MMP-13 did not correlate with the time to progression (TTP). In multivariate analysis with age and gender, MMP-9 or MMP-1 turned out to be independent prognostic factors for OS [P = 0.039; hazard ratio (HR), 1.8; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.03-3.3] or TTP (P = 0.023; HR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.15-6.4), respectively. Conclusions: Our findings provide evidence that MMP-1, MMP-9, and MMP-13 play important roles at different phases of metastatic melanoma spread and that serum MMP-9, in particular, could have clinical value in identifying patients at high risk for melanoma progression.
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase in cardiac ischemia. A potential site for altered fatty acid metabolism.
Authors: D F Pauly, K A Kirk, J B McMillin
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

The sensitivity of carnitine palmitoyl coenzyme A (CoA) transferase I to inhibition of its activity by malonyl-CoA is progressively reduced in mitochondria isolated from ischemic cardiac cells as blood flow decreases to 30% or less of the preocclusion flow. The activity of carnitine palmitoyl-CoA transferase I in mitochondria isolated from nonischemic cardiac cells demonstrates incomplete inhibition, even at high concentrations of malonyl-CoA. Kinetic analyses of these data gave results most consistent with the expression of two overt enzyme activities: one activity that is sensitive to inhibition by malonyl-CoA and one activity that demonstrates little or no sensitivity to such inhibition. The decrease in malonyl-CoA-sensitive activity associated with ischemia results from a 13% decrease in the activity of the sensitive component and a corresponding 13% increase in the activity of the insensitive component. Decreased sensitivity of ischemic carnitine palmitoyl-CoA transferase I to inhibition by malonyl-CoA, together with potential fluctuations in the content of malonyl-CoA in tissue, would increase the synthesis of palmitoylcarnitine during ischemia and facilitate return to the use of fatty acid as a preferred metabolic fuel on reperfusion. This apparent conversion occurs concomitantly with a decrease in the free protein thiol content of the mitochondrial membranes isolated from ischemic cardiac cells. Treatment of the mitochondria from ischemic cardiac cells with dithiothreitol in vitro partially reverses the loss in sensitivity to malonyl-CoA, suggesting the possible role of thiol oxidation in the altered metabolism of ischemic mitochondria. Western blot analysis of these mitochondria using an antibody against carnitine palmitoyltransferase II purified from beef heart demonstrates a 68-kDa protein, which under ischemic conditions apparently is decreased by 2 kDa. These results are more indicative of a modification in protein folding of carnitine palmitoyltransferase than proteolytic changes during ischemia.
Psychosis of Infancy and Early Childhood, as Manifested by Children with Atypical Development
Authors: David E. Reiser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

PSYCHOSIS of infancy and early childhood has been studied for the past twenty years by a few investigators in highly specialized clinical settings. The fact that this severe disorder of human development is not more widely known and understood throughout the general medical realm, especially among physicians who deal with children, represents an unfortunate failure in intramural medical communication. Scientific papers dealing with infantile psychosis have appeared usually in journals limited to distribution within a particular specialty. Problems of terminology have further compounded the difficulties of dissemination, with various individual investigators coining diagnostic labels other than infantile psychosis that nevertheless . . .
284 The CCAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBPB) isoforms LIP and LAP have different roles in control of hepatocyte proliferation in vivo
Authors: T. Luedde, M. Duderstadt, K.L. Streetz, T. Wuestefeld, M.P. Manns, C. Trautwein
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Hemoglobin Directs Macrophage Differentiation and Prevents Foam Cell Formation in Human Atherosclerotic Plaques
Authors: Aloke V. Finn, Masataka Nakano, Rohini Polavarapu, Vinit Karmali, Omar Saeed, XiaoQing Zhao, Saami Yazdani, Fumiyuki Otsuka, Talina Davis, Anwer Habib, Jagat Narula, Frank D. Kolodgie, Renu Virmani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Mental health services are failing children and adolescents
Authors: G. Yamey
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Improvements are urgently needed in the provision of mental health services to children and adolescents, according to Children in Mind, a report published by the Audit Commission.

The report provides evidence that one in five children and adolescents suffer from a wide range of mental health problems, including emotional, conduct, and eating disorders. This proportion has been increasing in industrialised countries since the second world war.

The commission audited the current purchasing and provision of specialist services by sending questionnaires to commissioners and providers and by a caseload survey and diary of involved professionals. It reviewed …
Selective IgA deficiency associated with glomerulonephritis and oligoarthritis.
Authors: J P Camilleri, R H Moore, D F Griffiths, B D Williams
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

A 59 year old woman with selective IgA deficiency associated with oligoarthritis and glomerulonephritis is described. She was seropositive for rheumatoid factor and renal histological examination showed a focal glomerulonephritis. High titre rheumatoid factor and a focal glomerulonephritis were also present in the only other well documented report of selective IgA deficiency and renal disease. Histological examination of the kidney suggested that the glomerulonephritis was mediated by immune complexes.
LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL LEVELS AFFECT PERISTENT PLAQUE TISSUE CHARACTERISTICS IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH DRUG-ELUTING STENTS: A SERIAL VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS USING QUANTITATIVE INTEGRATED BACKSCATTER INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND (IB-IVUS)
Authors: Mitsuaki Endo, Kiyoshi Hibi, Noriaki Iwahashi, Naoki Nozawa, Jun Okuda, Kengo Tsukahara, Masami Kosuge, Toshiaki Ebina, Tsutomu Endo, Satoshi Umemura, Kazuo Kimura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Reforms Needed in Medical Practice and Education
Authors: Daniel Reinharth
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections15 November 1989Reforms Needed in Medical Practice and EducationDaniel Reinharth, MDDaniel Reinharth, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-111-10-854_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor:The recent article by Geokas and Branson (1) on recruiting students for medicine was very interesting, especially considering how much has been written recently on similar themes. The section titled "The Problem" was thorough and insightful. However, the solutions offered were, I believe, inadequate. Of the nine proposed solutions, eight were essentially public relations measures dealing with informing highschool and college students about the positive aspects of a medical career. Unfortunately, despite the many rewards of practicing medicine, the dissatisfaction felt by many physicians, as well as the apprehension of prospective premedical students, is real and is...Reference1. GeokasBranson MB. Recruiting students for medicine. Ann Intern Med. 1989;111:433-6. LinkGoogle Scholar1. GeokasBranson MB. Recruiting students for medicine. Ann Intern Med. 1989;111:433-6. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: EAB Plaza Uniondale, NY 11556 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 November 1989Volume 111, Issue 10Page: 854-855KeywordsMedical education Issue Published: 15 November 1989 PDF downloadLoading ...
Poor countries lag behind on water goals
Authors: Fiona Fleck
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Developing countries are lagging behind in worldwide targets to provide a quarter of the world's population with safe drinking water by 2015, posing a major obstacle to improving health for millions around the world, a conference heard last week.

Government ministers and other delegates are currently in New York to review progress on the global goals for water and sanitation that were set two years ago at the world summit on sustainable development held in …
Aprotinin and cardiac surgery
Authors: L. C H John, G. M Rees, I. B Kovacs
Journal: BMJ (1991)

infection rises the number of doctors infected during their clinical duties will also rise.Despite this doctors have treated and will, I hope, continue to treat HIV positive patients as they would any other person.Ethics demands no less.Doctors put their own lives at risk.Can it be right that the few who succumb should be the only HIV positive group to be let down by the NHS?