tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Infectious Agents and Host Reactions
Authors: Robert W. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Progress in understanding host defenses and infectious agents has been so rapid that it is difficult to keep up with recent developments. In this book, an all-star cast of contributors attempts to fill this gap. They cover an immense scope; viruses, be they "helper," "hybrid," ECHO, oncogenic, picorna-, or myxoviruses; bacteria, of which the least familiar are perhaps the mycoplasmas; and various body defenses, including chapters on interferon and the pathogenesis of fever. The introductory essay on virus diseases by Sir Christopher H. Andrewes is a masterpiece of medical writing. Also outstanding is the overview of the newer immunology by Sir Macfarlane Burnet, and an up-to-date account by Robert Good and his associates of human immunological protection against infection and malignancy, as revealed by errors of nature—rare inborn immunological disorders, as Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, ataxiatelangiectasia and agammaglobulinemia. Many of the chapters begin with fascinating historical reviews, sometimes including personal experiences not
TCTAP A-072 The Outcome of Drug-eluting Stent Implantation in Saphenous Vein Graft Comparing Among Recipient Native Vessel Territories
Authors: Tahei Ichinohe, Kazushige Kadota, Shunsuke Kubo, Koshi Miyake, Yusuke Hyodo, Seiji Habara, Tanaka Hiroyuki, Takeshi Tada, Yasushi Huku, Tsuyoshi Goto, Kazuaki Mistudo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Cardiac Remodeling in Response to 1 Year of Intensive Endurance Training
Authors: Armin Arbab-Zadeh, Merja Perhonen, Erin Howden, Ronald M. Peshock, Rong Zhang, Beverly Adams-Huet, Mark J. Haykowsky, Benjamin D. Levine
Journal: Circulation (2014)

It is unclear whether, and to what extent, the striking cardiac morphological manifestations of endurance athletes are a result of exercise training or a genetically determined characteristic of talented athletes. We hypothesized that prolonged and intensive endurance training in previously sedentary healthy young individuals could induce cardiac remodeling similar to that observed cross-sectionally in elite endurance athletes.Twelve previously sedentary subjects (aged 29±6 years; 7 men and 5 women) trained progressively and intensively for 12 months such that they could compete in a marathon. Magnetic resonance images for assessment of right and left ventricular mass and volumes were obtained at baseline and after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of training. Maximum oxygen uptake ( max) and cardiac output at rest and during exercise (C2H2 rebreathing) were measured at the same time periods. Pulmonary artery catheterization was performed before and after 1 year of training, and pressure-volume and Starling curves were constructed during decreases (lower body negative pressure) and increases (saline infusion) in cardiac volume. Mean max rose from 40.3±1.6 to 48.7±2.5 mL/kg per minute after 1 year (P<0.00001), associated with an increase in both maximal cardiac output and stroke volume. Left and right ventricular mass increased progressively with training duration and intensity and reached levels similar to those observed in elite endurance athletes. In contrast, left ventricular volume did not change significantly until 6 months of training, although right ventricular volume increased progressively from the outset; Starling and pressure-volume curves approached but did not match those of elite athletes.One year of prolonged and intensive endurance training leads to cardiac morphological adaptations in previously sedentary young subjects similar to those observed in elite endurance athletes; however, it is not sufficient to achieve similar levels of cardiac compliance and performance. Contrary to conventional thinking, the left ventricle responds to exercise with initial concentric but not eccentric remodeling during the first 6 to 9 months after commencement of endurance training depending on the duration and intensity of exercise. Thereafter, the left ventricle dilates and restores the baseline mass-to-volume ratio. In contrast, the right ventricle responds to endurance training with eccentric remodeling at all levels of training.
Nonvisualization of Kidney-Reply
Authors: Sydney F. Thomas
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I realize that I transposed "small" and "large" in Sentence 2 of the second paragraph to the initial question. It should read: "The organic salt used in intravenous urography is also filtered by the glomerulus in a large percentage but a small part is excreted into the collecting tubules." Dr. Pollack does not appreciate the fact that radiopaques can come through in very dilute form and especially in a very thick patient and not be seen at all. On a radiograph where as on chromocytoscopically a very low percentage of opaque material could be seen with the eye, the usual dye material used is in very low concentration, whereas the organic salts for radiopaque urography are needed in very high concentration. Chromocystoscopy gives no measure of how well a kidney is functioning but whether or not it is functioning.
THE RELATION AND POSITION OF PELVIC ORGANS. EXAMINATION OF PATIENTS.
Authors: FRANKLIN H. MARTIN
Journal: JAMA (1901)

While we know definitely the approximate size and exact structure of the various organs of the pelvis, there is still a great deal of cloudiness and misunderstanding about the true relations and positions of these organs. As an example, one will frequently hear it stated that there is no such thing as a normal position, or even an approximate position of the uterus! If the uterus were an unimportant organ, if it did not have the highest function to perform that is required of any organ, we might, at first thought, think that this one organ did not have a place in which it might be considered at home. Inasmuch, however, as it is such an important organ, we have a right to assume that it possesses a place, and that it is not simply cast into the pelvis, anywhere, and allowed to occupy any position not already occupied by
A Lesson in Poverty
Authors: Samiya Razvi, Mohammad A. Rafey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Letters15 July 2003A Lesson in PovertySamiya Razvi, MD and Mohammad A. Rafey, MDSamiya Razvi, MDLong Island College Hospital; Brooklyn, NY 11201 (Razvi)Mount Sinai School of Medicine; New York, NY 10029 (Rafey)Search for more papers by this author and Mohammad A. Rafey, MDLong Island College Hospital; Brooklyn, NY 11201 (Razvi)Mount Sinai School of Medicine; New York, NY 10029 (Rafey)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-2-200307150-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The well-written article by Dr. Das (1) brought to mind several similar situations that we have encountered as both medical students and physicians in India. It is very accurate in its depiction of everyday scenarios that a practicing physician is likely to come across in India, even today, and the confusing gamut of emotions that arises when faced with them.However, with reference to the man with tuberculosis whom Dr. Das mentioned, we would like to point out that since 1993, India has successfully implemented a national tuberculosis control program using a directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS) ...References1. Das A. A lesson in poverty. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:544. [PMID: 12230358] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Progress toward tuberculosis controlIndia, 2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002;51:229-32. [PMID: 11925019] MedlineGoogle Scholar3. National Health Policy 2002. Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India. Accessed at mohfw.nic.in. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Samiya Razvi, MD; Mohammad A. Rafey, MDAffiliations: Long Island College Hospital; Brooklyn, NY 11201 (Razvi)Mount Sinai School of Medicine; New York, NY 10029 (Rafey) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoA Lesson in Poverty Ananya Das Metrics 15 July 2003Volume 139, Issue 2Page: 153KeywordsDirectly observed therapy short courseDrugsEmotionsGlobal healthPrevention, policy, and public health ePublished: 15 July 2003 Issue Published: 15 July 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Private healthcare must improve its transparency, quality, and cost, just like the NHS, says Bupa leader
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Efficient virus replication in <i>Aedes</i> vector mosquitoes is essential for the transmission of arboviral diseases such as dengue virus (DENV) in human populations. Like in vertebrates, virus-host protein-protein interactions are essential for viral replication and immune evasion in the mosquito vector. Here, 79 mosquito host proteins interacting with DENV non-structural proteins NS1 and NS5 were identified by label-free mass spectrometry, followed by a functional screening. We confirmed interactions with host factors previously observed in mammals, such as the oligosaccharyltransferase complex, and we identified protein-protein interactions that seem to be specific for mosquitoes. Among the interactors, the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) binding protein Loquacious (Loqs), an RNA interference (RNAi) cofactor, was found to be essential for efficient replication of DENV and Zika virus (ZIKV) in mosquito cells. Loqs did not affect viral RNA stability or translation of a DENV replicon and its proviral activity was independent of its RNAi regulatory activity. Interestingly, Loqs colocalized with DENV dsRNA in viral replication organelles in infected cells and directly interacted with high affinity with DENV RNA in the 3’ untranslated region <i>in vitro</i> (K<sub>D</sub> = 100-200 nM). Our study provides an interactome for DENV NS1 and NS5 and identifies Loqs as a key proviral host factor in mosquitoes. We propose that DENV hijacks a factor of the RNAi mechanism for replication of its own RNA. <h3>AUTHOR SUMMARY</h3> Dengue virus is a mosquito-transmitted virus endemic to the tropics and subtropics, affecting an estimated 390 million people yearly. While the mechanisms of infection, pathogenesis and immune evasion have been extensively studied in humans, replication in <i>Aedes</i> mosquitoes has received much less attention, despite being a critical step in the arbovirus transmission cycle. Here, we used a proteomic approach to identify <i>Aedes</i> mosquito proteins recruited by dengue virus non- structural proteins NS1 and NS5. In addition to previously established host proteins that interact with DENV in mammals, we identified Loquacious, a double-stranded RNA binding protein involved in the antiviral RNAi immune response of mosquitoes. Unexpectedly, our data showed Loquacious functions as a proviral factor that is recruited to replication organelles to facilitate viral RNA replication. We propose that DENV exploits host immune components, such as Loquacious, for its own benefit.
Rituximab plus Peg-interferon-α/ribavirin compared with Peg-interferon-α/ribavirin in hepatitis C–related mixed cryoglobulinemia
Authors: David Saadoun, Mathieu Resche Rigon, Damien Sene, Benjamin Terrier, Alexandre Karras, Laurent Perard, Yoland Schoindre, Brigitte Coppéré, François Blanc, Lucile Musset, Jean-Charles Piette, Michele Rosenzwajg, Patrice Cacoub
Journal: Blood (2010)
Quantitative Evaluation of Global and Regional Left Ventricular Diastolic Function With Color Kinesis
Authors: Philippe Vignon, Victor Mor-Avi, Lynn Weinert, Rick Koch, Kirk T. Spencer, Roberto M. Lang
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Diastolic wall motion asynchrony is a major determinant of impaired left ventricular (LV) filling in patients with concentric hypertrophy and coronary artery disease. We evaluated the ability of Color Kinesis, a new echocardiographic technique that color-encodes endocardial motion, to quantitatively assess global and regional LV filling properties. Methods and Results —Color Kinesis images and mitral and pulmonary vein flow Doppler data were acquired in 29 patients with LV hypertrophy and 29 age-matched control subjects. In addition, Color Kinesis data were correlated to coronary angiographic findings in 15 patients with suspected coronary artery disease. Segmental analysis of Color Kinesis images was used to obtain time histograms of regional diastolic fractional area change, wherein early and late peaks (peaks 1 and 2) reflected rapid LV filling and atrial contraction, respectively. Regional mean LV filling time and filling curves were used to objectively identify diastolic endocardial motion asynchrony in patients with LV hypertrophy and coronary artery disease. None of the mitral and pulmonary vein Doppler indices differentiated patients with normalized mitral Doppler profile (n=13) from control subjects, whereas reduced peak1/peak2 ratio and prolonged mean filling time indicated augmented contribution of atrial contraction toward LV filling ( P &lt;.05). In 22 of 25 patients with LV hypertrophy and preserved systolic function and in all patients with coronary artery disease, delayed diastolic endocardial motion was observed in at least one segment. Conclusions —Analysis of Color Kinesis images provides objective assessment of global and regional LV filling properties and allows identification of both diastolic dysfunction in patients with normalized Doppler indices and wall motion asynchrony.
Report of the President
Authors: David Cheever
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1945)

THE lapse of another year, the third of our participation in World War II, finds the Library carrying on its functions under the handicaps which embarrass the community as a whole, but hoping that when the war shall be won an orderly and successful plan for our continued development and growth may be put into effect. The formulation and activation of such a plan have engaged the constant consideration of your executive officers and trustees. More of this anon.Our librarian, Dr. Viets, in his report, gives us an interesting discussion, which we have learned to expect, of the state . . .
Congenital Ectropion Uvea and Mechanisms of Glaucoma in Neurofibromatosis Type 1:
Authors: Deepak P. Edward, Jose Morales, Rachida A. Bouhenni, Jayaprakash Patil, Priya R. Edward, Thomas J. Cummings, Imtiaz A. Chaudhry, Hind AlKatan
Journal: Ophthalmology (2012)
Penicillin V for group A streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis. A randomized trial of seven vs ten days' therapy
Authors: R. H. Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The effect of duration of orally administered penicillin V potassium on the bacteriologic and clinical cure of group A streptococcal pharyngitis was evaluated. One hundred ninety-one middle-class patients received either seven days (96 patients) or ten days (95 patients) of therapy. Compliance with taking penicillin was assessed by multiple methods, including penicillinuria. Throat cultures were obtained during therapy and three times in the three weeks after therapy. M-precipitin and T-agglutinin typing were done on paired isolates of group A streptococci from patients who had recurrences. Patients treated for seven days had a significantly greater failure rate (30/96 [31%]) compared with patients receiving ten days of penicillin (17/95 [18%]). Compliance rates were high; 66% to 81% of patients showed penicillinuria throughout the study period. Treatment failure was not a function of poor compliance in either treatment group. The data support the current recommendation for ten full days of penicillin therapy and suggest that persistence of streptococci in the throat after adequate therapy may be common.
Single Agent Ibrutinib (PCI-32765) Achieves Equally Good and Durable Responses In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Patients With and Without Deletion 17p
Authors: Mohammed Farooqui, Georg Aue, Janet Valdez, Sabrina Martyr, Jade Jones, Susan Soto, Maryalice Stetler-Stevenson, Constance Yuan, Diane C Arthur, Francine Thomas, Xin Tian, Delong Liu, Irina Maric, Adrian Wiestner
Journal: Blood (2013)
Boceprevir With Peginterferon Alfa-2a–Ribavirin Is Effective for Previously Treated Chronic Hepatitis C Genotype 1 Infection
Authors: Steven L. Flamm, Eric Lawitz, Ira Jacobson, Marc Bourlière, Christophe Hezode, John M. Vierling, Bruce R. Bacon, Claus Niederau, Morris Sherman, Venkata Goteti, Heather L. Sings, Richard O. Barnard, John A. Howe, Lisa D. Pedicone, Margaret H. Burroughs, Clifford A. Brass, Janice K. Albrecht, Fred Poordad
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2012)
Community pharmacies and prevention of AIDS among injecting drug users.
Authors: D. S. Sloan
Journal: BMJ (1989)

the extent of maltreatment, neglect, and under- funding that can carry on behind high walls.Large institutions, however devised, soon regress into the economies of scale, stigmatisation of patients and staff, and a dreary stultifying of the spirit of research.The "bag ladies" and vagrants of the 1980s are no better, but could justifiably be seen as consequent to high unemployment as much as to community care.It should also be noted that the needs of those discharged from long term care have in general been well met.2Such patients must not be confused with the younger, impoverished, "new long stay" patients who dominate public concern.The underfunding of the NHS has particularly deprived them of the acute hospital beds, the well staffed medium term hostels, and the community support teams required for their varying care needs.Likewise, the lack of communitv mental health orders to ensure continued outpatient treatment has undermined the ability of families or psychiatric professionals to cope outside a hospital setting.No one denies that some patients will need long term care, but barracks on a hillside are too easily erected.I would suggest that a "community biased" approach is what most patients prefer,34 and that by continuing to expose chronic mental illness to the oxygen of public concern attitudes and resources can be changed.Small specialised units for patients with unresponsive schizophrenia, brain damage, or dementia should be based on high staffing and multidisciplinary (nurs- ing, psychological, behavioural, medical, psycho- pharmacological) research.Professor Kendell's "mental health campus" sounds alluring but has all the isolationist overtones of what this journal's first editor, Andrew Wynter, called "brick and mortar humanity.""'
Statistics Notes: Units of analysis
Authors: D. G Altman, J M. Bland
Journal: BMJ (1997)

For many complex pathogens, the targets of cellular immunity are largely unknown and correlates of protection after exposure or immunization are unclear. A major challenge for rational vaccine development is to identify the key antigens and epitopes targeted by protective immune responses. Using malaria as a model, we are addressing this problem using an integrated approach that incorporates bioinformatic predictions, HLA supertype considerations, high-throughput MHC peptide binding assays, and cellular assays. Antigens and epitopes can be prioritized on the basis of frequency and magnitude of immune responses, and responses to novel proteins ranked against characterized antigens already in clinical development. This strategy has allowed us to identify a number of novel immunoprevalent target antigens from P. falciparum that are recognized frequently and in the context of multiple genetic restrictions. Many of these antigens are more immunogenic than antigens identified historically, and at least one has been confirmed as a target of cross-species protection. These antigens and their epitopes represent promising candidates for next generation vaccine development. Additionally, data provide important information on the patterns of immunodominance following exposure to a complex pathogen.
Reversibility of Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Shunts in Liver Cirrhosis Documented by Serial Radionuclide Perfusion Lung Scans
Authors: NAI SZE CHEN, CHARLES A. BARNETT, PAUL A. FARRER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Using serial perfusion lung scans, we have documented the opening up and closure of right-to-left intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunts over a period of several weeks in a patient with chronic alcoholic liver disease. The presence of the shunts correlates well with the severity of hypoxemia and the presence of nodular mottling on chest radiographs. The time course of these changes with clinical status suggests lability and the functional nature of these shunts.
Abstract 2608: Interplay between BRCA1 and RHAMM regulates epithelial apicobasal polarization and may influence risk of breast cancer
Authors: Miguel Angel Pujana, Christopher A. Maxwell
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Differentiated mammary epithelium shows apicobasal polarity, and loss of tissue organization is an early hallmark of breast carcinogenesis. In BRCA1 mutation carriers, accumulation of stem and progenitor cells in normal breast tissue and increased risk of developing tumors of basal-like type suggest that BRCA1 regulates stem/progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. However, the function of BRCA1 in this process and its link to carcinogenesis remain unknown. Here we depict a molecular mechanism involving BRCA1 and RHAMM that regulates apicobasal polarity and, when perturbed, may increase risk of breast cancer. Starting from complementary genetic analyses across families and populations, we identified common genetic variation at the low-penetrance susceptibility HMMR locus (encoding for RHAMM) that modifies breast cancer risk among BRCA1, but probably not BRCA2, mutation carriers: n = 7,584, weighted hazard ratio (wHR) = 1.09 (95% CI 1.02-1.16), ptrend = 0.017; and n = 3,965, wHR = 1.04 (95% CI 0.94-1.16), ptrend = 0.43; respectively. Subsequently, studies of MCF10A apicobasal polarization revealed a central role for BRCA1 and RHAMM, together with AURKA and TPX2, in essential reorganization of microtubules. Mechanistically, reorganization is facilitated by BRCA1 and impaired by AURKA, which is regulated by negative feedback involving RHAMM and TPX2. Taken together, our data provide fundamental insight into apicobasal polarization through BRCA1 function, which may explain the expanded cell subsets and characteristic tumor type accompanying BRCA1 mutation, while also linking this process to sporadic breast cancer through perturbation of HMMR/RHAMM. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2608. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2608
Comparison of oral preparations of heroin and methadone to stabilise opiate misusers as inpatients.
Authors: A H Ghodse, F J Creighton, A V Bhat
Journal: BMJ (1990)

During 1988-9 we noticed that some patients were receiving NHS treatment at this hospital despite being covered by a private health insurance scheme.We therefore studied why such people had chosen NHS care rather than the private alternative.
Epileptics and Scuba Diving
Authors: Fritz E. Dreifuss
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Professional Advisory Board of the Epilepsy Foundation of America is concerned about the response to a letter<sup>1</sup>inquiring about scuba diving and an individual with epilepsy who has been seizure-free for six years while receiving medication. We strongly believe that persons with epilepsy whose seizures are controlled can and should lead full lives without any personal restrictions. Any of life's activities carry certain inherent risks, including scuba diving. Whether to dive and take these risks is a personal choice. The risks for a person who has had epilepsy that is now controlled whether receiving medication or not are somewhat greater than for a person without a history of seizures. The magnitude of these risks is small, but also related to the type of seizure, the duration of control, and, perhaps, the type of activity. The Epilepsy Foundation believes it is also the right of the individual