tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5079: Gadd45a differentially modulates breast tumorigenesis by promoting or suppressing tumor growth in response to distinct oncogenic stress
Authors: Jennifer S. Tront, Yajue Haung, Barbara Hoffman, Dan Liebermann
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Gadd45a plays a pivotal role as a stress sensor that modulates cellular responses to various stress stimuli, including oncogenic stress. Generating novel MMTV-ras and MMTV-myc mouse models which are either wildtype or null for Gadd45a, we identified Gadd45a as a tumor suppressor in ras-mediated breast tumorigenesis. In sharp contrast, recent findings have shown that Gadd45a promotes myc-driven breast cancer. Furthermore, the function of Gadd45a as either a tumor promoter or suppressor was observed to be mediated through distinct, mutually exclusive, signaling pathways. Whereas Gadd45a tumor suppressor function is mediated via activation of JNK and p38 stress kinases promoting ras-induced apoptosis and senescence, Gadd45a function as a tumor promoter is exerted by negatively regulating MMP10 expression via the GSK3b/Beta-catenin signaling cascade, resulting in increased tumor vascularization. Analyzing specimens obtained from human breast cancer patients has shown relatively high levels of Gadd45a expression in low to moderate grade tumors compared to normal breast tissue, and no Gadd45a expression in high grade tumors. Correlating the status of Gadd45a expression in human breast cancer to activated oncogenes and Gadd45a signaling, as well as to patient survival following treatment is in progress. Collectively, these observations highlight the significance of the type of oncogenic alteration on how stress response genes function during initiation and progression of tumorigenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5079.
Smoking and death
Authors: D. Borgers
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDrrOR,-I agree with Vidya Rao that schools should be encouraged to tackle bullying.'In my clinical experience, however, parents have not necessarily already taken the matter up with the school.Many parents have not even known that their child was being bullied, and those who have approached the school have often had the response, "We don't have bullying in this school."Schools can do much to reduce bullying.In Norway a national campaign was mounted after three children committed suicide as a result of bullying.A number of measures at the school, class, and individual levels were used.The frequency of bully-victim problems decreased by half during the following two years.2Rates of truancy and antisocial behaviours in general also dropped, and pupils' satisfaction with school life improved.In Britain the Department of Education's Sheffield bullying project evaluated a similar intervention programme.The results of this were published last year,' together with clear practical advice for teachers.4This research provided the basis for the Department for Education's guidelines.'In my editorial I hoped to raise doctors' aware- ness of bullying, its effects on the child, and what can be done in the hope that together doctors, parents, and schools can prevent the continued abuse ofvictims ofbullying in schools.6
Extramedical Influence of the Physician
Authors: Andrew L. Banyai
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The article, "Extramedical Influence of the Physician; Ultracautious Medical Counseling Compared with a Comprehensive Approach," makes a deep and lasting impression. Well deservedly, it was carried as a Special Communication in The Journal. As usual, it sparkles with wit and wisdom and radiates the light of the author's brilliant cultural background and vast perspective which are so characteristic of him as a man and as a physician. As I see it, it attests to two of his basic attributes: a plethora of<i>savoir faire</i>and a boundless understanding and insight concerning human drives. To be sure, some of the high priests of orthodoxy in treatment will sense in it the scent of sarcasm, but so much the better. The fact of the matter is that, in this paper, though the author is critical, he is not prejudicial of his confreres who, either through obsessive dogmatism or for
Captopril inhibits angiogenesis and slows the growth of experimental tumors in rats.
Authors: O V Volpert, W F Ward, M W Lingen, L Chesler, D B Solt, M D Johnson, A Molteni, P J Polverini, N P Bouck
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Captopril, an inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme, is widely used clinically to manage hypertension and congestive heart failure. Here captopril is shown to be an inhibitor of angiogenesis able to block neovascularization induced in the rat cornea. Captopril acted directly and specifically on capillary endothelial cells, inhibiting their chemotaxis with a biphasic dose-response curve showing an initial decrease at clinically achievable doses under 10 microM and a further slow decline in the millimolar range. Captopril inhibition of endothelial cell migration was not mediated by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition, but was suppressed by zinc. Direct inhibition by captopril of zinc-dependent endothelial cell-derived 72-and 92-kD metalloproteinases known to be essential for angiogenesis was also seen. When used systemically on rats captopril inhibited corneal neovascularization and showed the antitumor activity expected of an inhibitor of angiogenesis, decreasing the number of mitoses present in carcinogen-induced foci of preneoplastic liver cells and slowing the growth rate of an experimental fibrosarcoma whose cells were resistant to captopril in vitro. These data define this widely used drug as a new inhibitor of neovascularization and raise the possibility that patients on long term captopril therapy may derive unexpected benefits from its antiangiogenic activities.
Regular review: Treatment possibilities for unstable angina
Authors: A. Manhapra
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Unstable angina is frequently encountered by general practitioners and cardiovascular specialists.In the United States, of the 2.5 million patients admitted to hospital every year with suspected acute coronary syndromes, 1.5 million have unstable angina.The rest have myocardial infarction with or without ST elevation. 1 Earlier published literature classified acute ischaemic episodes as unstable angina and either non-Q wave or Q wave infarction.As Q wave and non-Q wave infarctions can only be definitely distinguished by electrocardiography several days after the clinical event, the classification does not help with emergency patients.Moreover, the prognostic value of Q wave versus non-Q wave infarction classification is limited. 2 A new nosological scheme has derived from the need to rapidly assess patients at presentation so that powerful new treatments can be appropriately selected.All acute presentations suggesting acute coronary syndromes can be further divided into infarction with ST elevation (possibly including patients with new bundle branch blocks) and infarction without ST elevation and unstable angina combined.The distinction between the last two conditions can be reliably made by measuring serum markers.This classification makes sense because early thrombolytic treatment saves the lives of patients with infarction with ST elevation but has no beneficial, and probably some deleterious, effect in those with infarction without ST elevation or unstable angina.Moreover, the therapeutic approaches in the last two conditions are similar. 3Hence we consider unstable angina and infarction without ST elevation as a single entity, especially regarding treatment.Figure 1 shows a plan for assessment and classification of suspected acute coronary syndrome. MethodsWe extracted data from the personal collection of journal articles of the authors and from Medline whenever necessary.We also obtained information from review articles on different subtopics.
Temporal Patterns of Fruit Fly (Drosophila) Evolution Revealed by Mutation Clocks
Authors: K. Tamura
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

Drosophila melanogaster has been a canonical model organism to study genetics, development, behavior, physiology, evolution, and population genetics for nearly a century. Despite this emphasis and the completion of its nuclear genome sequence, the timing of major speciation events leading to the origin of this fruit fly remain elusive because of the paucity of extensive fossil records and biogeographic data. Use of molecular clocks as an alternative has been fraught with non-clock-like accumulation of nucleotide and amino-acid substitutions. Here we present a novel methodology in which genomic mutation distances are used to overcome these limitations and to make use of all available gene sequence data for constructing a fruit fly molecular time scale. Our analysis of 2977 pairwise sequence comparisons from 176 nuclear genes reveals a long-term fruit fly mutation clock ticking at a rate of 11.1 mutations per kilobase pair per Myr. Genomic mutation clock–based timings of the landmark speciation events leading to the evolution of D. melanogaster show that it shared most recent common ancestry 5.4 MYA with D. simulans, 12.6 MYA with D. erecta+D. orena, 12.8 MYA with D. yakuba+D. teisseri, 35.6 MYA with the takahashii subgroup, 41.3 MYA with the montium subgroup, 44.2 MYA with the ananassae subgroup, 54.9 MYA with the obscura group, 62.2 MYA with the willistoni group, and 62.9 MYA with the subgenus Drosophila. These and other estimates are compatible with those known from limited biogeographic and fossil records. The inferred temporal pattern of fruit fly evolution shows correspondence with the cooling patterns of paleoclimate changes and habitat fragmentation in the Cenozoic.
Hepatic Dysfunction and Jaundice in Patients Receiving Triacetyloleandomycin
Authors: Howard E. Ticktin, Hyman J. Zimmerman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

TRIACETYLOLEANDOMYCIN (TriA), a drug that has been introduced for the treatment of infection caused by staphylococcic and other gram-positive organisms, has been widely used, minimal toxicity being reported. Several isolated cases of jaundice in children receiving the drug have been observed.1 , 2 Robinson,3 however, has recently reported that in 5 of 48 patients who received TriA for fourteen days or longer elevated serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase values developed. These observations seem at variance with the previous reports4 , 5 of lack of side effects in patients receiving the drug for periods of sixty days or more.The present study was undertaken in the . . .
Four-pixel velocity analysis is the preferential approach in evaluating magnetic resonance velocity maps of coronary artery bypass grafts
Authors: Liesbeth P. Salm, Susan E. Langerak, Hubert W. Vliegen, Wouter Jukema, Jeroen J. Bax, Aeilko H. Zwinderman, Ernst E. van der Wall, Albert de Roos, Hildo J. Lamb
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Antral Helicobacter pylori, hypergastrinaemia, and duodenal ulcers: effect of eradicating the organism.
Authors: S. Levi, K. Beardshall, I. Swift, W. Foulkes, R. Playford, P. Ghosh, J. Calam
Journal: BMJ (1989)

symptoms continued after dilatation; 13 others had occasional symptoms only.Though health gradually deteriorates even if symptoms are controlled by dilatation and drugs, 41 patients had a satisfactory quality of life after surgery (groups SA, B, and C) There was no appreciable difference in either post- operative mortality or recurrence of symptoms in the two groups having conservative or radical surgery.The 30 day mortality was similar to that reported for younger patients" and might be reduced with better selection of patients.The five year survival in our patients was 68%.More elderly patients should be considered for surgery for oesophageal stricture. 1
Novel polymer used in first artificial windpipe shows promising future
Authors: G. Watts
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The synthetic windpipe used by the Swedish team who carried out last month’s pioneering implant surgery on a patient with advanced tracheal cancer was made of a novel polymer designed and tested at University College London. The work has shown that an artificial trachea can simulate the properties of a natural one and paves the way for further uses of the polymer.

The man who created the implant, Alex Seifalian, professor of nanotechnology and regenerative medicine at University College London, describes the material of which it is made as a “nanocomposite.” It comprises a polymer containing tiny, nanometre size crystalline particles.

In the finished …
Acquired isolated diverticulum at the ileocecal valve presenting as massive hematochezia: an unusual location and cause of gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: J. Shim, J. Jang, Y. Hwangbo, S. Dong, H. Kim, B. Kim, Y. Chang, R. Chang
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

An acquired diverticulum in the small intestine is a rare condition and may be a cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding [1] [2] [3]. We report a case of acquired diverticulum at the ileocecal valve presenting as massive hematochezia.
Wiederherstellende und plastische Chirurgie; Ein Atlas-Manual für die Praxis.
Authors: Eckhard Fischer
Journal: JAMA (1963)

This book is written by a general surgeon for the general surgeon and is not a handbook of plastic surgery. The presently available first volume is divided into three parts. The first 70 pages are devoted to the techniques of modern anesthesia. It is regrettable that regional and local anesthesia are not included. The second part, of 47 pages, deals with the basic techniques in plastic surgery. Wound closure, tendon and nerve suture, and the various forms of flaps and grafts are explained by means of well-executed drawings. The remainder of the volume is devoted to operations on the upper and lower extremities. The treatment of fractures, pseudarthrosis, and osteomyelitis as well as bone cysts and habitual luxations is explained. The tendon transfers for radial and median nerve lesions and various pollicization operations are mentioned as are tendon repair and grafting. The congenital deformities are treated quite briefly. The operations
Association of DASH Diet With Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Youth With Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Angela D. Liese, Andrey Bortsov, Anke L.B. Günther, Dana Dabelea, Kristi Reynolds, Debra A. Standiford, Lenna Liu, Desmond E. Williams, Elizabeth J. Mayer-Davis, Ralph B. D'Agostino, Ronny Bell, Santica Marcovina
Journal: Circulation (2011)

We have shown that adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is related to blood pressure in youth with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. We explored the impact of the DASH diet on other cardiovascular disease risk factors.Between 2001 and 2005, data on total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein particle density, apolipoprotein B, body mass index, waist circumference, and adipocytokines were ascertained in 2130 youth aged 10 to 22 years with physician-diagnosed diabetes mellitus. Dietary intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire, categorized into the DASH food groups, and assigned an adherence score. Among youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus, higher adherence to the DASH diet was significantly and inversely associated with low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio and A(1c) in multivariable-adjusted models. Youth in the highest adherence tertile had an estimated 0.07 lower low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio and 0.2 lower A(1c) levels than those in the lowest tertile adjusted for confounders. No significant associations were observed with triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein particle density, adipocytokines, apolipoprotein B, body mass index Z score, or waist circumference. Among youth with type 2 diabetes mellitus, associations were observed with low-density lipoprotein particle density and body mass index Z score.The DASH dietary pattern may be beneficial in the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease risk in youth with diabetes mellitus.
THE VALUE OF INTERMITTENT TRACTION IN SPINAL ANESTHESIA
Authors: Donald Guthrie
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Any surgeon with experience in abdominal operations performed under spinal anesthesia knows that downward traction on the liver or on the stomach, of a sufficient degree to give adequate exposure to the common duct or to the lesser curvature of the stomach, is wont to cause an uncontrollable vomiting reflex.  This reflex is accompanied by great discomfort in the epigastrium and is annoying to the patient, in that it produces mental distress as well as physical discomfort. This adds much to the operative difficulties.  During the past two years, we have employed in our clinic a method of intermittent traction in which the patient aids materially in obtaining the required exposure, by periods of straining, or blowing under compression. By this method we have been able almost to abolish this annoying traction reflex.  For exposure of the gallbladder and liver duct, forceps are placed on the fundus of the gallbladder
Failure of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator to redetect ventricular fibrillation in patients with a nonthoracotomy lead system.
Authors: W Jung, M Manz, R Moosdorf, B Lüderitz
Journal: Circulation (1992)

Shock delivery of an implantable defibrillator may cause a change in the amplitude of endocardial electrograms and impair the detection of ventricular fibrillation. Thus, the effects of shock discharges on the amplitude of endocardial electrograms were evaluated in five patients undergoing implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator in combination with a new nonthoracotomy lead system.At implant, bipolar endocardial electrograms were recorded before each shock application, during ventricular fibrillation, during redetection of ventricular fibrillation in case the applied shock was ineffective, and at intervals of 5, 10, 20, 30, 60, and 120 seconds after each shock delivery. The amplitude of the endocardial electrograms decreased from 10.5 +/- 3.8 mV during sinus rhythm to 6.3 +/- 1.9 mV during initial ventricular fibrillation and declined to 2.2 +/- 1.3 mV during redetection of ventricular fibrillation. After successful termination, the following bipolar electrograms could be obtained at the predetermined intervals: 1.9 +/- 1.2 mV, 3.1 +/- 1.8 mV, 4.5 +/- 1.9 mV, 6.5 +/- 2.9 mV, 9.5 +/- 3.3 mV, and 10.4 +/- 3.8 mV. At predischarge testing, failure of redetection of ventricular fibrillation could be documented in two patients, requiring rescue external defibrillation in both cases to restore sinus rhythm.These findings demonstrate that the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator did not ensure reliable redetection of ventricular fibrillation in patients using the implanted nonthoracotomy lead system. Thus, the potential risk of sudden cardiac death may persist in these patients despite defibrillator therapy.
Characteristics, outcomes, and predictors of mortality at 3 months and 1 year in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure
Authors: Veli‐Pekka Harjola, Ferenc Follath, Markku S. Nieminen, Dirk Brutsaert, Kenneth Dickstein, Helmut Drexler, Matthias Hochadel, Michel Komajda, Jose L. Lopez‐Sendon, Piotr Ponikowski, Luigi Tavazzi
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
Supernumerary Breast Masquerading as Metastasis on Serial 67Ga Scan
Authors: Yum-Kung Chu, Rong-Hsin Yang, Cheng-Pei Chang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

We report the incidental discovery of supernumerary breast changes on sequential 67Ga scans in a woman with dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans excised 5 years before. The appearance of the accessory breast fluctuated with physiological 67Ga uptake of the breast tissue was evident. Awareness of the concomitant changes in accessory breast with breast tissue could help narrow the differential diagnosis.
Iodine 131 Uptake by Primary Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Mariano Fernandez-Ulloa
Journal: JAMA (1976)

A UNIQUE case illustrating uptake of radioactive iodine 131 by a primary adenocarcinoma of the lung shows the need for caution before interpreting all such scan results as indicative of the presence of thyroid tissue. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 54-year-old man was admitted to the hospital on Feb 1, 1972, with a four-month history of chest pain, cough, hemoptysis, weight loss (11.25 kg), and anorexia. A chest roentgenogram showed a superior mediastinal mass (Fig 1). From August 1963 until the present admission, the patient had required hospitalization for a multitude of problems including rheumatic heart disease manifested by mitral insufficiency, complicated by congestive heart failure and acute endocarditis; hypertension; renal disease manifested by recurrent urinary tract infections and nephrocalcinosis; and hemorrhagic gastritis requiring surgical intervention. <h3>Hospital Course.—</h3> On Feb 8, 1972, a mediastinoscopy was performed, and a biopsy specimen of the superior mediastinal mass indicated a papillary adenocarcinoma. For
In Vivo Demonstration of Insulin-Receptor Defect With 123I-Labeled Insulin and Scintigraphic Scanning in Severe Insulin Resistance
Authors: Nicoletta Dozio, Piero Micossi, Gabrilla Galimberti, Stefano Sartori, Guido Pozza, Flaviand Dosio, Annarita Savi, Paolo G Gerundini, Ferruccio Fazio, Giuseppe Chiumello, Luigi Gargantini, Françoise Sodoyez-Goffaux, Jean-Claude Sodoyez
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Insulin-receptor function in humans is usually studied in vitro on readily available cells, e.g., erythrocytes and fibroblasts. Although these cells are not metabolically important targets for insulin action, information derived from them are often taken as representative of other tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate insulin receptors in vitro on erythrocytes and in vivo on one of the main insulin-target organs, the liver.A 16-yr-old girl affected by severe insulin resistance was identified. Insulin receptor binding was measured on the erythrocytes of the patient and of 6 nondiabetic volunteers. The biodistribution of 123I-labeled insulin was studied in vivo by scintigraphic scanning in the insulin-resistant patient and in 10 nondiabetic volunteers.Erythrocytes of this patient displayed a markedly reduced [125I]insulin binding. In vivo 123I-insulin biodistribution was characterized by lack of hormone uptake by the liver (4 vs. 21% of the injected dose in control subjects) contrasting with intense accumulation of radioactivity in the kidneys.Our studies show that defects of insulin binding can be directly demonstrated in vivo on liver receptors with a noninvasive technique with low radiotoxicity.
Incidence of Hemorrhagic Complications in Patients With Cancer
Authors: Robert J. Belt, Carol Leite, Charles D. Haas, Ronald L. Stephens
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The incidence and type of hemorrhage were studied in 718 patients with solid tumors. All patients were receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapeutic agents. Seventy-five patients (10.4%) experienced one or more episodes of hemorrhage. Bleeding was due to tumor invasion in 25 patients (33.3%), was due to disseminated intravascular coagulation in seven patients (9.3%), and was unrelated to malignant neoplasms or drug treatment in six patients (8%). Thirty-seven patients (49.3%) had hemorrhages associated with drug-induced thrombocytopenia. There was a quantitative relationship between the incidence of hemorrhage and the platelet count for both the thrombocytopenic group and the total group of patients with hemorrhages from all causes. The incidence of hemorrhage was low until the platelet count decreased below 10,000/cu mm.