tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Governments need better information to provide effective healthcare systems, expert says
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The temporal variation in the pharmacokinetics of a single dose administration of isoniazid (INH) and its major metabolite, N-acetylisoniazid (AINH), was investigated at 0900 and 2100 in rats synchronized to a 12-hr light-dark cycle. INH and AINH were administered by the intraarterial and ip routes at a dose of 20 mg/kg, in order to determine the hepatic extraction ratio of both compounds. The mean AUC values of INH obtained after the intraarterial and ip injections of the drug were 42.6 and 8.4 micrograms.hr/ml at 0900 and 30.7 and 12.8 micrograms.hr/ml at 2100, respectively. Consequently, there were temporal variations (mean values at 0900 and 2100) in the clearance (491.6 and 665.3 ml/hr/kg), bioavailability (0.20 and 0.42), hepatic extraction ratio of INH (0.80 and 0.58), and apparent hepatic blood flow (9.7 and 18.6 ml/min). Also, the AUC of AINH was higher at 2100 when INH was injected intraarterially. Likewise, AINH had a lower t 1/2 and AUC values and a higher clearance at 2100, but the hepatic extraction ratio of AINH was 0.26 at 2100 compared with the value of 0.07 at 0900. No diurnal variations were present in the apparent volume of distribution of INH and AINH. In vitro experiments showed that the mean activity of the hepatic N-acetyltransferase was 135.3 nmol/mg at 2100, compared with 59.0 nmol/mg at 0900.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Comparison of the oral health status and salivary flow rate of asthmatic patients with those of nonasthmatic adults – results of a pilot study
Authors: K. Laurikainen, P. Kuusisto
Journal: Allergy (1998)

The oral health status and stimulated salivary flow rate of 33 adult asthmatic outpatients were compared with those of 33 nonasthmatic controls. The groups were matched by age and sex, and an adjustment for education was made in the statistical analysis. In the oral examination, a small difference in the prevalence of caries was observed when the sums of decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) were compared. The mean (SD) crude DMFT score was 20.1 (5.8) in the asthma group and 18.4 (7.6) in the control group. A statistically significant difference was seen in the amount of periodontal inflammation and in the stimulated salivary flow rate between the groups. The mean (SD) crude periodontal status index (PSI) was 52.7% (23.8%) in the asthmatics and 37.1% (20.4%) in the controls. The 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the difference in adjusted means of PSI ranged from 0.1% to 21.9% (P = 0.05). In the stimulated salivary flow rate, crude mean values were 1.0 (0.5) ml/min and 1.3 (0.5) ml/min, respectively, and the 95% CI for the difference was from 0.05 ml/min to 0.57 ml/min (P = 0.01). Mucosal lesions in the oral cavity were found in 15 asthmatics (45%) and in eight controls (24%). In conclusion, the results of this study support the hypothesis that adult asthmatics have a higher risk of oral diseases than nonasthmatic subjects.
Gastric Radiation—Nonsurgical Treatment for the Surgical Ulcer
Authors: Harold C. Klein
Journal: JAMA (1961)

A study was made of 50 consecutive patients with duodenal ulcers that were complicated to a degree warranting surgical intervention, but were treated by gastric irradiation instead of operation. After the course of treatment, the patients were permitted complete freedom from medication and dietary restrictions. In the survey made 2 to 8 1/2 years after treatment, 27 patients were found completely free of ulcer disease and 11 had very mild symptoms reminiscent of their ulcer. The results were classified as fair in 1 case and as failures in 11 cases. Among the 11 failures were 6 cases in which gastric resection ultimately became necessary. The remaining 5 patients had had recurrent ulcers but were able to control the symptoms with a medical program.
Mollaret meningitis. A report of three cases
Authors: B. F. Haynes
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Three cases of benign, recurrent meningitis of Mollaret demonstrated unusual aspects of this disease. Postpartum pituitary necrosis was an antecedent event in one case. A second case occurred in an otherwise healthy 82-year-old woman, and a third patient was thought to have Histoplasma meningitis. The pathophysiology of Mollaret meningitis remains an enigma, and the therapy consists of supportive care.
Physiotherapy compared with advice for low back pain: Summary of responses
Authors: Birte Twisselmann
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Physiotherapy compared with advice for low back painTargeting "physical factors" alone is not evidence based practice Editor-Frost et al's conclusion that "routine physiotherapy" based on physical factors was no more effective than one session of assessment and advice from a physiotherapist in the management of low back pain is not surprising. 1 But the defensive nature of the responses to this research is. 2 3 This defensiveness arises partly from the perceived rivalry between healthcare professions managing low back pain and the attention grabbing headlines used.In recent years the evidence base has highlighted that low back pain is a multifaceted phenomenon incorporating physical impairment, psychological distress, and social interruption.Thus the effective biopsychosocial management of low back pain should reflect its multifaceted nature and not just focus on the "physical factors," as was done by Frost et al.Being an evidence based practitioner should entail identifying and managing patients' risk factors because risk factors are clinical predictors of outcome and efforts to manage them may reduce the burden of low back pain for those who consult physiotherapists.Because of the recurrent nature of low back pain, talk of a "cure" is unrealistic.Thus the Physiotherapy Pain Association emphasises that patients should be taught skills to self manage their low back problem so that in the long term they are less likely to experience pain related disability and depression, thus improving their quality of life.Receiving passive treatments focusing on physical factors, which show only slight short term benefits, is not in the personal or economic interest of patients with low back pain.As is highlighted by the responses to the study by Frost et al, 3 beliefs about treatment preferences for low back pain vary across professions and can be traced to beliefs about the cause of the problem.
846 NATURALLY OCURRING NS3 PROTEASE-INHIBITOR RESISTANT-MUTANT A156T IN THE LIVER OF AN UNTREATED CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENT
Authors: M. Cubero, J.I. Esteban, T. Otero, S. Sauleda, M. Bes, R. Esteban, J. Guardia, J. Quer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Peroxisomal localization of inducible nitric oxide synthase in hepatocytes
Authors: Donna Beer Stolz, Ruben Zamora, Yoram Vodovotz, Patricia A. Loughran, Timothy R. Billiar, Young-Myeong Kim, Richard L. Simmons, Simon C. Watkins
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Shock states induce the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in both Kupffer cells and hepatocytes in the liver, but little is known about its subcellular localization in these cells. Studies were undertaken to characterize the subcellular location of iNOS in hepatocytes in response to sepsis. By immunofluorescence analysis, intraperitoneal challenge with bacterial lipopolysaccharide induced cytosolic iNOS in Kupffer cells but punctate labeling in hepatocytes. Cultured rat hepatocytes exposed to interferon gamma, interleukin 1, and tumor necrosis factor α showed iNOS protein expression within peroxisomes as early as 4 hours after stimulation, as determined by colabeling for catalase or PMP70. To a lesser extent, iNOS was also observed associated with the plasma membrane and in undefined intracellular aggregates. The nitric oxide synthase (NOS) antagonist L-N-imino-ornithine (L-NIO) did not affect the expression of iNOS within peroxisomes, cytoplasmic aggregates, or cytosol but increased plasma membrane localization of iNOS. Human iNOS transduced into iNOS-null mouse hepatocytes using an adenoviral vector also localized to peroxisomes. The expression of iNOS often resulted in the disappearance of detectable catalase in many hepatocytes. In conclusion, these studies establish the peroxisome as a site of iNOS localization in hepatocytes and show a relationship between iNOS up-regulation and decreased expression of catalase.
Design and evaluation of nicorandil extended-release tablet
Authors: Ju-Young Kim, Chun-Woong Park, Beom-Jin Lee, Eun-Seok Park, Yun-Seok Rhee
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2014)

Abstract   The aim of this study was to design and evaluate extended-release formulations of a model drug, nicorandil, in order to achieve the desired steady-state plasma concentration of drug  in vivo . Simulation was employed to estimate optimum dissolution and absorption rate of nicorandil. The dissolution test was employed using pH 1.2, 4.0, 6.8 buffer solution, or water, to measure the  in vitro  release behaviors of nicorandil formulations. A single dose (15 mg) of each formulation was orally administered to four beagle dogs under fasted conditions, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The  in vitro / in vivo  relationship of the extended-release formulation was confirmed using  in vitro  dissolution profiles and plasma concentrations of drug in beagle dogs. Nicorandil was released completely within 30 min from the immediate-release tablets and released for 24 h from the extended-release tablets. The nicorandil plasma concentration could be modified by adjusting the drug release rate from the extended-release formulation. The release rate of nicorandil was the rate-limiting step in the overall absorption of drug from the extended-release formulations. These results highlight the potential of a nicorandil extended-release formulation in the treatment of angina pectoris.
d-alpha-tocopherol inhibits collagen alpha 1(I) gene expression in cultured human fibroblasts. Modulation of constitutive collagen gene expression by lipid peroxidation.
Authors: K Houglum, D A Brenner, M Chojkier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Ascorbic acid stimulates collagen gene transcription in cultured fibroblasts, and this effect is mediated through the induction of lipid peroxidation by ascorbic acid. Quiescent cultured fibroblasts in the absence of ascorbic acid have a high constitutive level of collagen production, but the mechanisms of collagen gene regulation in this unstimulated state are not known. Because lipid peroxidation also occurs in normal cells, we wondered if lipid peroxidation plays a role in the regulation of basal collagen gene expression. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation in cultured human fibroblasts with d-alpha-tocopherol or methylene blue decreased the synthesis of collagen, the steady-state levels of procollagen alpha 1(I) mRNA and the transcription of the procollagen alpha 1(I) gene. This effect on collagen gene expression was selective and not associated with cellular toxicity. Thus, these experiments suggest a role for lipid peroxidation in the modulation of constitutive collagen gene expression.
Pancreatic Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Robert J Sjoberg, Gerald S Kidd
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

Diabetes mellitus caused by pancreatic exocrine disease is a unique clinical and metabolic form of diabetes. The diagnosis of pancreatic diabetes caused by chronic pancreatitis may be elusive because it is occasionally painless and often not accompanied by clinical malabsorption until after hyperglycemia occurs. Diabetic patients with pancreatic calcification or clinically demonstrable pancreatic exocrine dysfunction will manifest the unique aspects of pancreatic diabetes described herein. Like other forms of diabetes, the primary hormonal abnormality in pancreatic diabetes is decreased insulin secretion. Patients with this disorder are unique in that they have low glucagon levels that respond abnormally to several physiological stimuli, blunted epinephrine responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, and malabsorption. In addition, they often have concomitant alcohol abuse with hepatic disease and poor nutrition. These characteristics result in increased levels of circulating gluconeogenic amino acids, decreased insulin requirements, a resistance to ketosis, low cholesterol levels, an increased risk of hypoglycemia while on insulin therapy, and the clinical impression of brittle diabetes. Retinopathy occurs at a rate equal to that of insulin-dependent diabetes but may be less severe in degree. Other complications of pancreatic diabetes have been less well studied but may be expected to be seen more frequently as these patients survive longer. The characteristics of pancreatic diabetes suggest that a conservative approach be taken in regard to intensive insulin therapy and tight blood glucose control.
Unusual Brain Abscess
Authors: J. Maizel
Journal: BMJ (1947)

MEDBRTLOURNA 495 ended fatally in' a few months.In the final stages it was found necessary to perform a gastrostomy owing to severe dysphagia.The authors quote Scheuermann, who in 1939 collected from the literature 263 more or less verified cases of polymyositis, and they cons-der it a rare and usually fatal disease.In this connexion the above case might be of even greater interest. Medical Memoranda Case of Strangulated Diaphragmatic HerniaThe following case of strangulated diaphragmatic hernia is of special interest because of the limitation of all symptoms to. the abdomen and the localization of all signs in the chest.
Acute carbon tetrachloride feeding selectively damages large, but not small, cholangiocytes from normal rat liver
Authors: Gene D. LeSage, Antonio Benedetti, Shannon Glaser, Luca Marucci, Ziga Tretjak, Alessandra Caligiuri, Rebecca Rodgers, Jo Lynne Phinizy, Leonardo Baiocchi, Heather Francis, John Lasater, Laura Ugili, Gianfranco Alpini
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

The aim of this study was to develop a model of selective duct damage restricted to hormone–responsive segments corresponding to the ducts damaged in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 ) was fed by gavage to rats, and 2, 7, 14, and 28 days later, small and large cholangiocytes were isolated. Apoptosis was determined in situ by morphology and in purified cholangiocytes by assessment of nuclear fragmentation by 4,6–diamidino–2–phenylindole (DAPI) staining. Cholangiocyte proliferation was evaluated in situ by morphometry of liver sections stained for cytokeratin–19 (CK–19) and by proliferating cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining in liver sections and in purified cholangiocytes by PCNA gene expression. Ductal secretion was assessed by measurement of secretin receptor (SR) gene expression and secretin–induced cyclic adenosine 3′,5′–monophosphate (cAMP) synthesis and secretin–induced choleresis. Two days after CCl 4 administration, there was an increased number of small ducts, but a reduction of large ducts. Apoptosis, observed only in large ducts, was associated with decreased DNA synthesis and ductal secretion. Conversely, small cholangiocytes expressed de novo the SR gene and secretin–stimulated cAMP synthesis 2 days after CCl 4 treatment. Proliferation of large cholangiocytes was delayed until 7 days, which was associated with a transient increase in ductal secretion in vivo .CCl 4 effects on cholangiocytes were reversed by day 28. CCl 4 treatment causes a decrease in large duct mass as a result of a higher rate of apoptosis and absence of initial proliferation in large cholangiocytes. These processes were concomitant with a decrease of ductal secretion in large cholangiocytes. Small cholangiocytes appear resistant to CCl 4 –induced apoptosis, and proliferate and transiently compensate for loss of proliferative and secretory activity of large cholangiocytes.
NHS ombudsman will name doctors who do not accept ruling
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The health service ombudsman for England, Scotland, and Wales, Michael Buckley, has warned doctors that in future he intends to name clinicians who refuse to accept his recommendations or who remove patients from their lists for no reason other than that the patient has complained. In the past, all doctors who have been investigated have remained anonymous.

Mr Buckley, who published his annual report for 1998-9 last week, said that …
Transition of Care From Pediatric to Adult Clinics
Authors: Megan A. Moreno
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Transition of Care From Pediatric to Adult ClinicsPediatrics is a branch of medicine that specializes in health care of children and adolescents.Pediatric physicians may include your child's primary pediatrician, as well as subspecialists such as pediatric cardiologists or pediatric endocrinologists who provide care for particular illnesses.
Treatment of ingrowing toenails by surgeons and chiropodists.
Authors: P. A. Sykes, R. Kerr
Journal: BMJ (1988)

and $2.00 respectively per unit, so that detecting each unit of infected blood would cost $6.25 ($0.50÷.08%) for counterimmunoelectrophoresis, $45.50 ($1.00. 2 2%) with reverse passive haemagglutination, and $28.60 ($2.00-.7%) with ELISA.Screening with these three methods would avert giving a potentially infectious transfusion in 1-4%, 3 5%, or 10-8% of recipients, respectively (table).Thus the actual cost per recipient of preventing infection from transfusion of three units would be $107 (3x$0.50-.14%) for counterimmunoelectrophoresis,$86(3x$1.00.3535%) for reverse passive haemagglutination, and $56 (3 x $2.0±.10-8%) for ELISA.
Tobias Smollett and Dr. Antoine Fizès (a Medical Consultation in 1763)
Authors: Heinrich G. Brugsch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

IN 1914 Dr. Robert M. Green1 wrote in this journal a warmhearted appraisal of Tobias Smollett, one of the most colorful personalities of the literary circle around Johnson in eighteenth-century London. Since then knowledge and interest in Smollett's life, his impetuous character and his merit as one of the founders of the modern English novel have increased, particularly through the biography of Lewis M. Knapp2 and the publication of Smollett's letters.3 , 4 Smollett's place in medicine has been discussed in detail by Drinker,5 Underwood,6 Jones7 and Beck.8 The following incident dealing with Smollett's visit to the City of Montpellier in Southern . . .
The Use of Zein and Shuanghuangbu for Periodontal Tissue Engineering
Authors: Yan‐zhi Xu, Jing‐jing Wu, Yan‐ping Chen, Jian Liu, Na Li, Feng‐ying Yang
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2010)

Tissue engineering is a promising area with a broad range of applications in the fields of regenerative medicine and human health. The emergence of periodontal tissue engineering for clinical treatment of periodontal disease has opened a new therapeutic avenue. The choice of scaffold is crucial. This study was conducted to prepare zein scaffold and explore the suitability of zein and Shuanghuangbu for periodontal tissue engineering.A zein scaffold was made using the solvent casting/particulate leaching method with sodium chloride (NaCl) particles as the porogen. The physical properties of the zein scaffold were evaluated by observing its shape and determining its pore structure and porosity. Cytotoxicity testing of the scaffold was carried out via in vitro cell culture experiments, including a liquid extraction experiment and the direct contact assay. Also, the Chinese medicine Shuanghuangbu, as a growth factor, was diluted by scaffold extract into different concentrations. This Shuanghuangbu-scaffold extract was then added to periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) in order to determine its effect on cell proliferation.The zein scaffold displayed a sponge-like structure with a high porosity and sufficient thickness. The porosity and pore size of the zein scaffold can be controlled by changing the porogen particles dosage and size. The porosity was up to 64.1%-78.0%. The pores were well-distributed, interconnected, and porous. The toxicity of the zein scaffold was graded as 0-1. Furthermore, PDLCs displayed full stretching and vigorous growth under scanning electronic microscope (SEM). Shuanghuangbu-scaffold extract could reinforce proliferation activity of PDLCs compared to the control group, especially at 100 microg x mL(-1) (P < 0.01).A zein scaffold with high porosity, open pore wall structure, and good biocompatibility is conducive to the growth of PDLCs. Zein could be used as scaffold to repair periodontal tissue defects. Also, Shuanghuangbu-scaffold extract can enhance the proliferation activity of PDLCs. Altogether, these findings provide the basis for in vivo testing on animals.
Levodopa: long-term impact on Parkinson's disease
Authors: R. Bannister, P. Sever, B. Davies
Journal: BMJ (1981)

and increasing numbers of students denied university places, no arguments can justify spending £15m of public money in this way, to say nothing of the appalling wastage of more than l1Om of valuable assets at Charterhouse Square.To behave with such reckless abandon at this time of crisis within the universities of this country is surely immoderate.
HIGH MECHANICAL INDEX IMPULSES FROM A DIAGNOSTIC TRANSDUCER DURING AN INTRAVENOUS MICROBUBBLE INFUSION CAN REDUCE ULTIMATE INFARCT SIZE WHEN COMPARED TO FULL DOSE TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR IN ACUTE ST SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Feng Xie, Juefei Wu, John Lof, Samer Sayyed, Thomas Porter
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
IL-7 induces expression and activation of integrin α4β7 promoting naive T-cell homing to the intestinal mucosa
Authors: Raffaello Cimbro, Lia Vassena, James Arthos, Claudia Cicala, John H. Kehrl, Chung Park, Irini Sereti, Michael M. Lederman, Anthony S. Fauci, Paolo Lusso
Journal: Blood (2012)
Effects of nutritional status on the L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway in platelets from hemodialysis patients
Authors: Clarissa Demézio Da Silva, Tatiana M.C. Brunini, Patricia F. Reis, Monique B. Moss, Sergio F.F. Santos, Norman B. Roberts, John C. Ellory, Giovanni E. Mann, Antonio C. Mendes-Ribeiro
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Meeting Report: National Workshops for the Communication of Air Pollutionand Health Information: Summary of Four Workshops in Different Regionsof Europe
Authors: Eric Gordon Sanderson, Nina Fudge, Annike Irene Totlandsdal, Ingrid Hovelynck, Herbert Korbee, Edith Rameckers, Bert Brunekreef, Leendert van Bree
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

AIRNET was a thematic network project (2002-2004) initiated to stimulate the interaction between researchers in air pollution and health in Europe. As part of AIRNET's communication strategy, a standardized workshop model was developed to organize national meetings on air pollution and health (AIRNET network days) . Emphasis was given to tailor the national workshop information and related activities to the specific needs of a wider range of stakeholders (e.g., policy makers, nongovernmental organizations, industry representatives) . In this report we present an overview of the results of four workshops held in western, northern, central/eastern, and southern regions of Europe in 2004. Overall, workshop experiences indicated that by actively involving participants in the planning of each meeting, AIRNET helped create an event that addressed participants' needs and interests. A wide range of communication formats used to discuss air pollution and health also helped stimulate active interaction among participants. Overall, the national workshops held by AIRNET offered a way to improve communication among the different stakeholders. Because a broad stakeholder involvement in decision making can positively affect the development of widely supported policies, such meetings should be continued for Europe and elsewhere.