tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Living on cruise ships is cost effective for elderly people
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Living on a cruise ship provides a better quality of life and is cost effective for elderly people who need help to live independently, according to a study published in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (2004;52: 1-4).

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Cruise ships have better health facilities than most care homes for elderly people 

Credit: JEFF GREENBERG/IMAGE WORKS/TOPFOTO

Elderly people often choose assisted living facilities, nursing homes, 24 hours a day home caregivers, or family support. Living on a cruise ship might be a better choice, says Lee Lindquist, instructor of medicine at Northwestern University's Feinberg …

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Airway Narrowing Associated with Inhibition of Deep Inspiration during Methacholine Inhalation in Asthmatics
Authors: GREGORY G. KING, BARBARA J. MOORE, CHUN Y. SEOW, PETER D. PARÉ
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Reduced bronchodilatation in response to deep inspiration (DI) has been demonstrated in asthmatics. We have previously shown that inhibition of DI for 10 min or more during methacholine inhalation increases airway narrowing in normals. We tested the hypothesis that inhibition of DIs during methacholine inhalation in asthmatics would not affect the magnitude of airway narrowing. We administered the PC15 dose of methacholine to eight asthmatics every 5 min for 5 doses and measured spirometry after each dose. On four separate days, subjects received either 2, 3, 4, or 5 doses selected randomly, but DIs were inhibited during the challenge and spirometry was measured only at the start and after the final dose. Geometric mean PC15 was 1.6 mg/ml. Mean values for FEV1 ( ± SEM) after Doses 2 through 5 were 84 ± 4, 78 ± 6, 79 ± 5, and 81 ± 3% of baseline, respectively, when DIs were allowed. During inhibition of DIs, they were 73 ± 6, 67 ± 5, 64 ± 6, and 61 ± 7% of baseline values. Decreases in FEV1 after Doses 4 and 5 were significantly greater when DIs were inhibited (p < 0.05). We conclude that in this group of asthmatics, inhibition of DI for 15 min is associated with increased airway narrowing in response to methacholine inhalation, and therefore, DI may be an important factor limiting induced airway narrowing in asthmatics as well as in normal subjects.
Michigan's Approach to Medicaid Expansion and Reform
Authors: John Z Ayanian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Interview with Prof. Sara Rosenbaum on the health care safety net, Medicaid expansion, and access to care. (16:47)Download Michigan's approach to expanding and reforming Medicaid may be a model for other Republican-dominated states that might choose to expand coverage for low-income adults, introduce market-oriented reforms, and limit the impact on their budget.
Technical Problems in Ultrasound
Authors: D. Gordon
Journal: BMJ (1970)

BRJOU5Nmake a proper diagnosis of hypochromic anaemia and its cause in a particular patient, and effective therapy is available for most patients.Professor Witts deals thoroughly with diagnosis and therapy, and gives a brief account of the hypochromic anaemias that still are liable to defeat us, such as the sideroblastic group.He also reviews what is now known about iron-deficiency anaemia in infancy and childhood.Finally he con- siders prevention.He agrees with giving regular iron supplements in pregnancy and mentions the attempts, so far not very successful, to incorporate an iron supplement into bread.
<i>AMACR</i>Amplification in Myxofibrosarcomas: A Mechanism of Overexpression That Promotes Cell Proliferation with Therapeutic Relevance
Authors: Chien-Feng Li, Fu-Min Fang, Jui Lan, Jun-Wen Wang, Hsing-Jien Kung, Li-Tzong Chen, Tzu-Ju Chen, Shau-Hsuan Li, Yu-Hui Wang, Hui-Chun Tai, Shih-Chen Yu, Hsuan-Ying Huang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Myxofibrosarcomas frequently display arm-level gains on 5p. We characterized the pathogenetic and therapeutic relevance of the α-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase (AMACR) at 5p13.3.AMACR mRNA expression in myxofibrosarcomas was analyzed using the public transcriptome and laser-microdissected sarcoma cells. We performed florescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry in independent samples for clinical correlates. In AMACR-overexpressing myxofibrosarcoma cells and xenografts, we elucidated the biologic function of AMACR using RNA interference and explored the therapeutic effect and mechanism of an AMACR inhibitor, ebselen oxide.AMACR protein overexpression and gene amplification were significantly associated with each other (P < 0.001), with higher tumor grades (both P ≤ 0.002), and univariately with worse metastasis-free survival (MFS; both P < 0.0001) and disease-specific survival (DSS; P = 0.0002 for overexpression; P = 0.0062 for amplification). AMACR protein overexpression also independently portended adverse outcome (DSS, P = 0.007; MFS, P = 0.001). However, 39% of AMACR-overexpression cases did not show gene amplification, implying alternative regulatory mechanisms. In myxofibrosarcoma cell lines, stable AMACR knockdown suppressed cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin T2. These growth-promoting attributes of AMACR were corroborated in the AMACR-silenced xenograft model and AMACR-underexpressed myxofibrosarcomas, showing decreased labeling for cyclin D1, cyclin T2, and Ki-67. Compared with fibroblasts, AMACR-expressing myxofibrosarcoma cells were more susceptible to ebselen oxide, which not only decreased viable cells, promoted proteasome-mediated degradation of AMACR protein, and induced cellular apoptosis in vitro, but also dose-dependently suppressed xenografted tumor growth in vivo.Overexpressed AMACR in myxofibrosarcomas can be amplification-driven, associated with tumor aggressiveness, and may be relevant as a druggable target.
Maintenance of GABAergic Activity by Neuregulin 1-ErbB4 in Amygdala for Fear Memory
Authors: Yisheng Lu, Xiang-Dong Sun, Feng-Qing Hou, Lin-Lin Bi, Dong-Min Yin, Fang Liu, Yong-Jun Chen, Jonathan C. Bean, Hui-Feng Jiao, Xihui Liu, Bao-Ming Li, Wen-Cheng Xiong, Tian-Ming Gao, Lin Mei
Journal: Neuron (2014)
Association between consumption of Herbalife® nutritional supplements and acute hepatotoxicity
Authors: Eran Elinav, Galia Pinsker, Rifaat Safadi, Orit Pappo, Michal Bromberg, Emilia Anis, Lital Keinan-Boker, Efrat Broide, Zvi Ackerman, Dorit Nitzan Kaluski, Boaz Lev, Daniel Shouval
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Christmases past in hospital
Authors: George Watts
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Christmas in hospital today is a rather sad affair. Most wards are closed, and those that stay open contain very sick patients. These poor unfortunates are unable to enjoy any festivities at all. A greatly reduced team tends to their needs. Their visiting relatives are all serious and sombre. But it was not always so. 

Once all junior doctors and nurses lived in the hospital. This was their home. They were as isolated as nuns in a convent and monks in a monastery. Yet an almost family relationship existed among them. At no time was this more obvious than at Christmas. 

Christmas celebrations began before the actual day. On the wards there was frantic activity preparing the decorations (which remained until 12th night). Ward sisters kept decorations from year to year, but each year strove to outdo its predecessors. Patients and nurses helped make new streamers. 

Local shops took down their window …
We should be optimistic about ablation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: D. E. Ward
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Assessing current technology takes time,1 and reviews may not reflect the current position. By the mid-1990s it was clear that pulmonary veins were the source of the triggering ectopics in most cases of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Various techniques for electrical isolation of the veins have been developed, with several types of radiofrequency ablation at the forefront. 

The evidence reviewed in this …
Rosiglitazone, PPARγ, and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Barbara B. Kahn, Timothy E. McGraw
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Rosiglitazone and other thiazolidinediones are thought to sensitize adipose and other tissues to insulin by activating a molecule called PPARγ. A recent study suggests that the therapeutic effect of rosiglitazone is mediated by its prevention of the phosphorylation of PPARγ.
Endothelial lipase is a major determinant of HDL level
Authors: Tatsuro Ishida, Sungshin Choi, Ramendra K. Kundu, Ken-ichi Hirata, Edward M. Rubin, Allen D. Cooper, Thomas Quertermous
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

A new member of the lipase gene family, initially termed endothelial lipase (gene nomenclature, LIPG; protein, EL), is expressed in a variety of different tissues, suggesting a general role in lipid metabolism. To assess the hypothesis that EL plays a physiological role in lipoprotein metabolism in vivo, we have used gene targeting of the native murine locus and transgenic introduction of the human LIPG locus in mice to modulate the level of EL expression. Evaluation of these alleles in a C57Bl/6 background revealed an inverse relationship between HDL cholesterol level and EL expression. Fasting plasma HDL cholesterol was increased by 57% in LIPG(-/-) mice and 25% in LIPG(+/-) mice and was decreased by 19% in LIPG transgenic mice as compared with syngeneic controls. Detailed analysis of lipoprotein particle composition indicated that this increase was due primarily to an increased number of HDL particles. Phospholipase assays indicated that EL is a primary contributor to phospholipase activity in mouse. These data indicate that expression levels of this novel lipase have a significant effect on lipoprotein metabolism.
Health and the Environment
Authors: A. B Semple
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Abstract   The term “Lifestyle Medicine” implies individual responsibility for chronic disease causality. However, this can inadvertently deflect criticism from systemic causes, such as exist in various environments, and result in “victim blaming,” making resolution even more difficult. Environmental “anthropogens” driving behaviors thus need to be understood and managed, where possible. Both micro- and macroenvironments can be broken down into four main types (physical, economic, sociocultural, and political), some of which have implications for clinical practice.
UK issues guidance on prescribing Viagra
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The UK government last week issued draft guidance to doctors on when they could prescribe sildenafil citrate (Viagra) to patients on the NHS. Doctors' representatives immediately rejected the government's proposals as “cruel and unethical.”

Frank Dobson, secretary of state for health, said that GPs could prescribe Viagra and other drug treatments for impotence only to patients who have undergone prostatectomy or radical pelvic surgery, or have a spinal cord injury, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, or single gene neurological disease.

The minister says that NHS treatment may also be available “in a hospital setting subject to specialist assessment in those exceptional circumstances where impotence is causing severe distress.” Doctors will be advised to restrict their prescribing of treatment for impotence to one treatment a week. Patients not suffering from one of the named conditions would be able to get a private prescription. The pills cost about £6 each.

Mr Dobson pointed out that if Viagra were freely available the cost of treating impotence could increase 10-fold or more. He said that he wanted to keep spending …
Anti-Ro Antibodies and Reversible Atrioventricular Block
Authors: Irene Santos-Pardo, Melania Martínez-Morillo, Roger Villuendas, Antoni Bayes-Genis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

To the Editor: Transplacental transfer of anti-Ro antibodies is a well-known cause of conduction defects and permanent atrioventricular block in newborns.1 In adults, conduction disturbances related to these antibodies are rare.2 We report a case of a 26-year-old woman with no history of this condition who was admitted to the hospital through the emergency department after having several syncopal episodes. Electrocardiography (ECG) performed while the patient was at rest showed complete atrioventricular block and ventricular escape rhythm associated with left bundle-branch block (Figure 1A). Laboratory evaluation included a positive test for antinuclear antibodies (with the HEp-2 cell substrate) at a . . .
Aerial Application of Mancozeb and Urinary Ethylene Thiourea (ETU) Concentrations among Pregnant Women in Costa Rica: The Infants’ Environmental Health Study (ISA)
Authors: Berna van Wendel de Joode, Ana María Mora, Leonel Córdoba, Juan Camilo Cano, Rosario Quesada, Moosa Faniband, Catharina Wesseling, Clemens Ruepert, Mattias Öberg, Brenda Eskenazi, Donna Mergler, Christian H. Lindh
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Background: Mancozeb and its main metabolite ethylene thiourea (ETU) may alter thyroid function; thyroid hormones are essential for fetal brain development. In Costa Rica, mancozeb is aerially sprayed at large-scale banana plantations on a weekly basis.Objectives: Our goals were to evaluate urinary ETU concentrations in pregnant women living near large-scale banana plantations, compare their estimated daily intake (EDI) with established reference doses (RfDs), and identify factors that predict their urinary ETU concentrations.Methods: We enrolled 451 pregnant women from Matina County, Costa Rica, which has large-scale banana production. We visited 445 women up to three times during pregnancy to obtain urine samples (n = 872) and information on factors that possibly influence exposure. We determined urinary ETU concentrations using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.Results: Pregnant women’s median urinary ETU concentrations were more than five times higher than those reported for other general populations. Seventy-two percent of the women had EDIs above the RfD. Women who lived closest (1st quartile, &lt; 48 m) to banana plantations on average had a 45% (95% CI: 23, 72%) higher urinary ETU compared with women who lived farthest away (4th quartile, ≥ 565 m). Compared with the other women, ETU was also higher in women who washed agricultural work clothes on the day before sampling (11%; 95% CI: 4.9, 17%), women who worked in agriculture during pregnancy (19%; 95% CI: 9.3, 29%), and immigrant women (6.2%; 95% CI: 1.0, 13%).Conclusions: The pregnant women’s urinary ETU concentrations are of concern, and the principal source of exposure is likely to be aerial spraying of mancozeb. The factors predicting ETU provide insight into possibilities for exposure reduction.Citation: van Wendel de Joode B, Mora AM, Córdoba L, Cano JC, Quesada R, Faniband M, Wesseling C, Ruepert C, Öberg M, Eskenazi B, Mergler D, Lindh CH. 2014. Aerial application of mancozeb and urinary ethylene thiourea (ETU) concentrations among pregnant women in Costa Rica: The Infants’ Environmental Health Study (ISA). Environ Health Perspect 122:1321–1328; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307679
A CASE OF KERATODERMIA BLENNORRHAGICA IN A WOMAN
Authors: O. LEONARD ISAAC
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1920)

Journal Article A CASE OF KERATODERMIA BLENNORRHAGICA IN A WOMAN Get access O. LEONARD ISAAC, M.B., F.R.C.S.E. O. LEONARD ISAAC, M.B., F.R.C.S.E. Senior Surgeon to the Swansea Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 32, Issue 6, 1 June 1920, Pages 195–196, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1920.tb09751.x Published: 01 June 1920
Patient Characteristics and Prognosis in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Harry W. Daniell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

REFERENCES 1. Devizzi L, Guidetti A, Tarella C, et al: High-dose yttrium-90 –ibritumomab tiuxetan with tandem stem-cell reinfusion: An outpatient preparative regimen for autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation. J Clin Oncol 26:5175-5182, 2008 2. Ferrucci PF, Vanazzi A, Grana CM, et al: High activity 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin) with peripheral blood progenitor cells support in patients with refractory/ resistant B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Br J Haematol 139:590-599, 2007 3. European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Clinical Trials: Use of Zevalin at myeloablative dose for aggressive lymphoma treatment in elderly patients: A prospective randomized trial of Z-HDS1.2 v R-CHOP, EudraCT no. 2006-002524-42
Frequent ASXL2 mutations in acute myeloid leukemia patients with t(8;21)/RUNX1-RUNX1T1 chromosomal translocations
Authors: Jean-Baptiste Micol, Nicolas Duployez, Nicolas Boissel, Arnaud Petit, Sandrine Geffroy, Olivier Nibourel, Catherine Lacombe, Helene Lapillonne, Pascaline Etancelin, Martin Figeac, Aline Renneville, Sylvie Castaigne, Guy Leverger, Norbert Ifrah, Hervé Dombret, Claude Preudhomme, Omar Abdel-Wahab, Eric Jourdan
Journal: Blood (2014)
Non-sulfhydryl-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (MK421): evidence for role of renin system in normotensive subjects.
Authors: G A MacGregor, N D Markandu, J Bayliss, J E Roulston, M Squires, J J Morton
Journal: BMJ (1981)

A non-sulfhydryl-containing inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme (MK421) was given as a single dose in a randomised double-blind cross-over trial using 20 mg and 5 mg of MK-421 or matched placebo to nine normotensive volunteers receiving a sodium intake of 150 mmol (mEq) daily. The two dosages of MK-421 caused similar, significant falls in supine and standing blood pressure, which were maximum four to six hours after dosing (9.5-11.0% fall). With this fall in blood pressure there was a significant fall in activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme and in concentrations of plasma angiotensin II and aldosterone and a rise in plasma renin activity. Placebo caused no significant change in blood pressure or blood measurements. The study showed that MK-421 inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and lowers blood pressure in normotensive subjects. It strongly suggested that the renin system plays an important part in maintaining blood pressure in normotensive subjects receiving normal sodium intake. The results also suggest that this non-sulfhydryl-containing converting-enzyme inhibitor will be an effective blood-pressure-lowering drug in patients with blood pressure. A single dose of 5 mg was as effective at lowering blood pressure as a single dose of 20 mg.
TCT-752 Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Europe: The 2013 Update
Authors: Darren Mylotte, Ruben L.J. Osnabrugge, Stephan Windecker, Thierry Lefevre, Peter De Jaegere, Raban Jeger, Peter Wenaweser, Francesco Maisano, Neil Moat, Lars Sondergaard, Johan Bosmans, Rui C. Teles, Giuseppe Martucci, Ganesh Manoharan, Eulogio J. Garcia, Nicolas M Van Mieghem, A. Pieter Kappetein, Patrick W. Serruys, Rudiger Lange, Nicolo Piazza
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Doctors can withdraw treatment from brain damaged baby, High Court rules
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A profoundly brain damaged baby boy can have life support treatment withdrawn against his parents’ wishes because it is against his best interests to be kept alive, a High Court judge has ruled.

Ms Justice Russell made the decision “very sadly and with great reluctance” after a hearing at the High Court in London.

She ordered that the boy and his parents should not be identified and that the NHS trust that applied for permission to withdraw life support should not be named until after the boy’s death. The solicitor representing his parents told …
A CONTRIBUTION TO OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE ACTION OF SAPONIN ON THE BLOOD CORPUSCLES AND PUS CORPUSCLES
Authors: G. N. Stewart
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1902)

1. The increase of conductivity produced by saponin in formaldehyde-hardened blood is due to an increase in the conductivity of the corpuscles (increased permeability of the corpuscles to ions) and not, mainly at any rate, to the liberation of electrolytes from the corpuscles and a consequent increase in the conductivity of the serum. The increase in the permeability of the corpuscles is probably caused by a "corrosive," dissolving, or emulsifying action of the saponin on some non-proteid constituent of the envelope or stroma. 2. In the first stage of the action of saponin on blood (not fixed by formaldehyde) there seems also to be an increase in the permeability of the corpuscles for ions, even before any haemoglobin has been liberated. The liberation of the haemoglobin may be secondary to this, owing to the entrance, of water consequent on the disturbance of osmotic equilibrium. 3. Heating the blood to 40 degrees to 45 degrees C. intensifies the laking action of saponin, so that a dose insufficient to cause laking at ordinary temperature may do so when the blood is heated to the temperature mentioned. 4. Pus corpuscles, like red blood corpuscles, are worse conductors than the serum in which they are suspended. Unlike blood corpuscles, they show no preference for NH(4)Cl as compared with NaCl. On the other hand, the conductivity of pus is increased by the action of saponin, just as is the case with blood, and apparently very much in the same way, that is to say, by an action on the corpuscles and not on the serum. The fixing of the pus corpuscles by formaldehyde does not hinder this action of saponin.
Sphingolipid perturbations as mechanisms for fumonisin carcinogenesis.
Authors: R T Riley, E Enongene, K A Voss, W P Norred, F I Meredith, R P Sharma, J Spitsbergen, D E Williams, D B Carlson, A H Merrill
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

There is a great deal of evidence that altered sphingolipid metabolism is associated with fumonisin-induced animal diseases including increased apoptotic and oncotic necrosis, and carcinogenesis in rodent liver and kidney. The biochemical consequences of fumonisin disruption of sphingolipid metabolism most likely to alter cell regulation are increased free sphingoid bases and their 1-phosphates, alterations in complex sphingolipids, and decreased ceramide (CER) biosynthesis. Because free sphingoid bases and CER can induce cell death, the fumonisin inhibition of CER synthase can inhibit cell death induced by CER but promote free sphingoid base-induced cell death. Theoretically, at any time the balance between the intracellular concentration of effectors that protect cells from apoptosis (decreased CER, increased sphingosine 1-phosphate) and those that induce apoptosis (increased CER, free sphingoid bases, altered fatty acids) will determine the cellular response. Because the balance between the rates of apoptosis and proliferation is important in tumorigenesis, cells sensitive to the proliferative effect of decreased CER and increased sphingosine 1-phosphate may be selected to survive and proliferate when free sphingoid base concentration is not growth inhibitory. Conversely, when the increase in free sphingoid bases exceeds a cell's ability to convert sphinganine/sphingosine to dihydroceramide/CER or their sphingoid base 1-phosphate, then free sphingoid bases will accumulate. In this case cells that are sensitive to sphingoid base-induced growth arrest will die and insensitive cells will survive. If the cells selected to die are normal phenotypes and the cells selected to survive are abnormal, then cancer risk will increase.