tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Methenamine Mandelate for Patients With Catheters
Authors: Gilbert Lowenthal
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Lester Persky made some excellent recommendations for routine care of nursing home patients with permanent catheters (236:1168, 1976), with one possible exception. He noted that methenamine mandelate would be an acceptable antibacterial for these patients. Unfortunately, the formaldehyde product of this drug is generated over time, with at least one hour (and more likely two hours) being required to get a maximum antibacterial concentration of formaldehyde. In patients whose catheters are draining directly into collection bags, the urine does not remain in the bladder long enough for formaldehyde to be generated. Therefore, methenamines are of no value to patients with catheters.
Enhanced Antitumor Activity Induced by Adoptive T-Cell Transfer and Adjunctive Use of the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor LAQ824
Authors: Dan D. Vo, Robert M. Prins, Jonathan L. Begley, Timothy R. Donahue, Lilah F. Morris, Kevin W. Bruhn, Pilar de la Rocha, Meng-Yin Yang, Stephen Mok, Hermes J. Garban, Noah Craft, James S. Economou, Francesco M. Marincola, Ena Wang, Antoni Ribas
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Tumors grow in the presence of antigen-specific T cells, suggesting the existence of intrinsic cancer cell escape mechanisms. We hypothesized that a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor could sensitize tumor cells to immunotherapy because this class of agents has been reported to increase tumor antigen expression and shift gene expression to a proapoptotic milieu in cancer cells. To test this question, we treated B16 murine melanoma with the combination of the HDAC inhibitor LAQ824 and the adoptive transfer of gp100 melanoma antigen-specific pmel-1 T cells. The combined therapy significantly improved antitumor activity through several mechanisms: (a) increase in MHC and tumor-associated antigen expression by tumor cells; (b) decrease in competing endogenous lymphocytes in recipient mice, resulting in a proliferative advantage for the adoptively transferred cells; and (c) improvement in the functional activity of the adoptively transferred lymphocytes. We confirmed the beneficial effects of this HDAC inhibitor as a sensitizer to immunotherapy in a different model of prophylactic prime-boost vaccination with the melanoma antigen tyrosinase-related protein 2, which also showed a significant improvement in antitumor activity against B16 melanoma. In conclusion, the HDAC inhibitor LAQ824 significantly enhances tumor immunotherapy through effects on target tumor cells as well as improving the antitumor activity of tumor antigen-specific lymphocytes.
Spontaneous Elimination of Inhaled Inflorescence Presenting as Dorsal Tumour
Authors: A. E. Mourant
Journal: BMJ (1966)

will the abuse come from other surgeons, who may be fortunate in having a properly organ- ized follow-up system, and who do not have to attend on Saturdays ?Or is there a perfect solution to the problem ?-I am, etc., Old Burlesdon.
Critical Roles for Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-5 during Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in the Development of Airway Hyperresponsiveness after Airway Sensitization
Authors: JÜRGEN SCHWARZE, GRZEGORZ CIESLEWICZ, ANTHONY JOETHAM, TOSHIHIDE IKEMURA, MIKA J. MÄKELÄ, AZZEDDINE DAKHAMA, LEONARD D. SHULTZ, MARINUS C. LAMERS, ERWIN W. GELFAND
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

In mice, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection can enhance the consequences of allergic airway sensitization, resulting in lung eosinophilia and the development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to inhaled methacholine (MCh). To delineate a role for interleukin-5 (IL-5), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interferon gamma (IFN- γ ) in mediating the effects of RSV infection on subsequent allergic sensitization, we treated BALB/c mice with anti-IL-5 during acute RSV infection but not during subsequent exposure to ovalbumin (OVA). IL-5-deficient and IL-4-deficient mice were also treated with IL-5 either during acute RSV infection or during the sensitization period. Airway responsiveness to inhaled MCh was assessed and numbers of lung eosinophils were monitored. Anti-IL-5 treatment during RSV infection reduced AHR and lung eosinophilia after subsequent exposure to allergen. In IL-5-deficient or IL-4-deficient mice lung eosinophilia and AHR after RSV infection and allergen exposure were also markedly reduced. IL-5 administration during RSV infection restored the responses to allergen in both IL-5- and IL-4-deficient mice. However, IL-5 administration only during sensitization restored these responses in IL-4-deficient but not in IL-5-deficient animals. IFN- γ -deficient mice developed AHR and some lung eosinophilia after allergen exposure alone and when RSV infection preceded allergen, these responses were enhanced. We conclude that both IL-5, particularly during acute infection, and IL-4 are critical in mediating the effects of RSV infection on allergic airway sensitization, resulting in the development of AHR and lung eosinophilia.
Culture-based Selection Therapy for Patients Who Did Not Respond to Previous Treatment for Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Giulia Fiorini, Nimish Vakil, Angelo Zullo, Ilaria M. Saracino, Valentina Castelli, Chiara Ricci, Cristina Zaccaro, Luigi Gatta, Dino Vaira
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2012)
Hip dislocation in cerebral palsy
Authors: Teresa Pountney, Elizabeth M Green
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Traffic-related air pollution is associated with inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Commute exposures are a significant source of exposure to traffic-derived pollutants. We studied whether exposure to roadway-derived exhaust in a typical commute causes effects in human subjects. 16 healthy adults had 2-hr highway commutes on 3 separate days in a double-blind, crossover trial randomized to order. On two days, on-road air was entrained into the cabin through the vehicle's regular vents with sham filtration. On a third day, the vehicle was equipped with effective filtration. In-vehicle pollutants were measured continuously. Blood was collected before the drive (baseline), and 5-hrs and 22 hrs after. Outcomes were complete blood count with differential, cortisol, C-reactive protein, and IL-6. Within-person filtration effect on each outcome was estimated using a mixed-effects model. Filtration reduced in-vehicle particle count by 85% and gases by 20%. Compared to filtered drives, exposure to traffic pollution was associated with significant decrease in total circulating leukocytes and non-granulocyte populations: (WBCs [-360/ul (95% CI:-680 to -30)], monocytes [-70/ul (95% CI:-130 to -10)], and lymphocytes [-290/ul (95% CI:-460 to -120)] at five hours post exposure. A decrease in lymphocyte count persisted for 22 hours post exposure [-220/ul (95% CI:-400 to -40)]. There were no significant changes in cortisol, IL-6, or C-reactive protein. Short-term exposure to on-road air pollutants results in small but significant reductions in circulating mononuclear and lymphocyte cell populations, which can be prevented with effective particle filtration.
Giardiasis: Manifestations and Diagnosis
Authors: Robert C. Palmer
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In response to the case report by Paine and Gluck (236: 2425, 1976) regarding an extensive and expensive evaluation that failed to demonstrate a case of intestinal giardiasis, I would like to wholeheartedly endorse the routine use of the Enterotest string for sampling of duodenal contents in such instances.<sup>1</sup>With the contamination of the headwaters of the Salmon River here in Idaho, clinical symptoms of giardiasis have developed in a number of tourists and locals alike who ingested unpurified stream water, and it has become routine in our clinic to use this method of examining duodenal contents on all patients who are seen with abdominal bloating and foul diarrhea. We have uncovered at least 20 cases of giardiasis in the last year that otherwise would have gone undiagnosed had only stool samples been tested. The Enterotest is easily tolerated, we have had no patient failures, and
The Effects of Fine Particle Components on Respiratory Hospital Admissions in Children
Authors: Bart Ostro, Lindsey Roth, Brian Malig, Melanie Marty
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated an association between acute exposure to ambient fine particles and both mortality and morbidity. Less is known about the relative impacts of the specific chemical constituents of particulate matter<2.5 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) on hospital admissions.This study was designed to estimate the risks of exposure to PM2.5 and several species on hospital admissions for respiratory diseases among children.We obtained data on daily counts of hospitalizations for children<19 and <5 years of age for total respiratory diseases and several subcategories including pneumonia, acute bronchitis, and asthma for six California counties from 2000 through 2003, as well as ambient concentrations of PM2.5 and its constituents, including elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and nitrates (NO3). We used Poisson regression to estimate risks while controlling for important covariates.We observed associations between several components of PM2.5 and hospitalization for all of the respiratory outcomes examined. For example, for total respiratory admissions for children<19 years of age, the interquartile range for a 3-day lag of PM2.5, EC, OC, NO3, and sulfates was associated with an excess risk of 4.1% [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.8-6.4], 5.4% (95% CI, 0.8-10.3), 3.4% (95% CI, 1.1-5.7), 3.3% (95% CI, 1.1-5.5), and 3.0% (95% CI, 0.4-5.7), respectively. We also observed associations for several metals. Additional associations with several of the species, including potassium, were observed in the cool season.Components of PM2.5 were associated with hospitalization for several childhood respiratory diseases including pneumonia, bronchitis, and asthma. Because exposure to components (e.g., EC, OC, NO3, and K) and their related sources, including diesel and gasoline exhaust, wood smoke, and other combustion sources, are ubiquitous in the urban environment, it likely represents an identifiable and preventable risk factor for hospitalization for children.
Rapid reversal of endothelial dysfunction in hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein E-null mice by recombinant apolipoprotein A-IMilano-phospholipid complex
Authors: Sanjay Kaul, Bryan Coin, Amir Hedayiti, Juliana Yano, Bojan Cercek, Kuang-Y. Chyu, Prediman K. Shah
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Physiology of Neuromuscular Transmission and Neuromuscular Block
Authors: W. Feldberg
Journal: BMJ (1951)

When we talk to-day about neuromuscular transmission we have an advantage over anyone who spoke about this subject ten or even five years ago.Even five years ago we should have had to spend a substantial part on -the question, Is acetylcholine the chemical transmitter from motor-nerve endings to skeletal muscle ?We could, and certainly would, hae made out an extremely strong case for acetvycholine, but the difference between then -and now is not how strong the case has become in the meantime, but that the case, as a matter of dispute, is settled and no longer exists.I think it is no exaggera- tion to say that to-day the acetylcholine theory of 'neuromuscular transmission has been universally adopted.What, however, about the other two transmission processes that have so often been grouped together with neuromuscular transmission-the transmission in a sympathetic ganglion and across the central synapse?For the sympathetic ganglion the position can be stated :as follows.No one denies that here, too, a strong case ,can be made out for acetylcholine; but some ask, Is acetylcholine the whole story, or may the electrical variation of the nerve impulse be involved in the trans- mission process as well ?This is what Bronk (1939) has called the pluralistic view.Recently Lorente de N6 and Laporte (1950) have published a monograph of nearly 200 pages on synaptic transmission in a sympathetic ganglion.They report mainly on their own experi- ments, but in fifteen lines they deal with the nature of the synaptic transmitter, or rather with the controversy on the nature of the transmitter.In their view the chemical theory in its present form cannot account for all their electrophysiological findings in the ganglion, :and they therefore ask: Must we discard the chemical theory or can it be elaborated so as to explain the new *findings ?They conclude, " It is undoubtedly best to be thoughtful."So, whatever my, personal views on this matter, for some at least the case is still pending.When we come to the central nervous system the opposition against the acetylcholine theory is even stronger.About two years ago I spoke about this problem.
Elisha Dick, Benjamin Rush, and George Washington-Reply
Authors: Nicholas E. Davies
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Schneck is correct in pointing out that Dr Dick was not in favor of the continued bleeding of General Washington. We did not intend to leave that impression. Indeed, Dr Dick was overruled on this point by the other physicians, Drs Craik and Brown, just as he was overruled when he suggested that a tracheostomy be performed to relieve the obstructed airway. At that time, tracheostomies had not been performed in America, and it is not surprising that the older physicians believed it to be too risky a procedure to perform for the first time on the country's leading citizen (a view that many older physicians might still hold today). We used the circumstances surrounding Washington's death to illustrate the lengths to which Cobbett would go to make a point. Cobbett rarely let cold facts stand in his way when he wished to castigate an enemy. This
Prevention of Early Postoperative Deep Vein Thrombosis by Intermittent Compression of the Leg during Surgery
Authors: S. Sabri, V. C. Roberts, L. T. Cotton
Journal: BMJ (1971)

A clinical trial is described in which the effect of intermittent compression of the lower limb during surgery on the incidence of early postoperative deep vein thrombosis was assessed. Deep vein thromboses were diagnosed by the <sup>125</sup>I-fibrinogen uptake test. Peroperative intermittent compression was achieved by means of an inflatable plastic splint coupled to a pneumatic controller. By compressing only one leg of each patient, each patient acted as his own control. With a sequential statistical analysis, 39 patients were required to pass the 5% level of significance. Eleven thrombi were detected in the control (uncompressed) legs and two occurred in the compressed legs; one of the latter was bilateral. The investigation shows that increasing the pulsatility of the venous flow in the leg is a potent prophylactic against postoperative deep vein thrombosis.
Recipe for High Blood Pressure: Synergistic Effects of Stress and Lead
Authors: Valerie J. Brown
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Chronic physical or emotional stress is known to impair the immune system, a link that may explain some of the health disparities found among different socioeconomic groups.Researchers have also found that living in poor, urban communities or near highways is linked to a greater risk of developing childhood asthma and other breathing problems.A new study now reveals that psychosocial stressors may increase children's vulnerability to the effects of traffic-related air pollution [EHP 115:1140-1146; Clougherty et al.].The researchers examined data from the Maternal-Infant Smoking Study of East Boston, which began in 1987 to establish a cohort of pregnant women.In 1997, parents or guardians of 417 children of the cohort, then aged 4 to 11.5, answered questions about the children's exposure to violence.Respondents were asked about the frequency with which the children had ever seen hitting, a shooting, or a stabbing, or heard domestic verbal abuse or gunshots.Other studies have suggested that residual trauma from witnessing episodic violence is a source of chronic stress for urban residents.About 45% of the children had witnessed at least one violent act, and almost 20% had witnessed at least two.Responses were generalized to account for variables that can affect the severity of such acts, including whether the child knew the victim or perpetrator.The researchers then acquired data collected between 1987 and 2004 on Boston levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), a constituent of vehicular exhaust with a known link to asthma.They used computerized mapping tools to estimate NO 2 exposure at the children's residences in East Boston, a working-class urban neighborhood with highways running through it.About 25% of the children in the study had asthma.However, residential exposure to NO 2 was linked to asthma only among children who were above the median for exposure to violence.The association between asthma and NO 2 exposure disappeared when the researchers looked at the group as a whole.The authors conclude that their findings "indicate ancillary effects of violence on children in addition to direct injury and post-traumatic stress."Larger studies are needed to investigate other possible interactions among risk factors for asthma.It is also important to study the effects of other pollutants, including indoor air pollution.The authors observe that accurate reports about violence are difficult to obtain, and that violence exposures may be a sign of other problems with family stability that affect stress levels and health.-Tina Adler Added burden.Stress can compound the physiological effects of environmental pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide.
Periodontal regeneration with multi-layered periodontal ligament-derived cell sheets in a canine model
Authors: Takanori Iwata, Masayuki Yamato, Hiroaki Tsuchioka, Ryo Takagi, Shigeki Mukobata, Kaoru Washio, Teruo Okano, Isao Ishikawa
Journal: Biomaterials (2009)
Atmospheric Disinfection, and its Application in the Treatment of Disease
Authors: R. Lee
Journal: BMJ (1884)

IA at3'Ci *iX X'ROt$iE8Tx a;ik ; $vl 7 Fon a long time, 1ihste beQn,x i#MkhOAOM, 1:woki1d be made into t h l S *}&f ekeiomiditIn9 imwhich orgas1c jgerms eiXtlit~~~W,1 thel tehdi#te*a 'n oe Itiii-o bmodeY 'ici in#ectiOMij 6j,/O',dA t' t i; i s&v.ypOwsy d,thirough fime ea..kuow Qlv the4r0 wi -of puirefactiot, Js preventqcT.Arow ig.p !, plce,f-oriexmgiimpl4 1e MffbiMar' etHnent ',Sf pi#c4 4 -meat in; Wa"to iM5 a teftgdb * acd closing it itli; tit t' We'feel as dertiin -a-' *6 ^df AY! phenom, enonS,t % e ,al 41' olon uste forhsOnIif, i develop in t e p.esupqe a oganiG substancv;; an4we iuwo thal the wool prevents putzefaetioniby the exchlsion of thetev We Tfuthiw know tlat, if 'ke 'pat a ipjece of sat in at solutioti of e&ibolki i|i two pei ceitr'.atrength,put.fatiori -i11 iidt Xoccr bMtaise, u & prove eaa4l~y W.x'pe:ruin'ett ,a'nd -irdpie osetv4on,: a solt4o this kin4 destfoya those minute orga4c beingw wEich i4ppear in; tfie putref3ting process,.and which I need not specify more fully.We 'havi reasons for believing that the monadsaxst.inith-e 't a oAir under &ran coiditiis,; for thdy a&*bnot, preseAit?,t?igh inouat6nl altittidea, nor when the:ait, -is overheated.We have, ittis trme,' a' eeip t atnount of general knowledge on those pints, anid we' are i-iclinid?t believe that what is trtu of the genfi § which' dei-elOp in *dinivi ptrefaction is also true of "other germs ' snch as tlh6se of maa1ria,`d choMra, or of -typhoid fever.The questioit, however, -whichI tih-4anxious to di8cus § is this.'
Intracardiac Repair in Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: STANLEY JOHN, I. P. SUKUMAR, G. CHERIAN, R. P. GUPTA, S. KRISHNASWAMY, GEORGE CHERIAN
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Experience with the first 100 cases with tetralogy of Fallot subjected to intracardiac repair are presented. In this series there was an early hospital mortality of 12 per cent and 6 late deaths occurred. Eighty out of 82 survivors were available for follow-up and 33 of these underwent postoperative catheterization studies. The functional status of the survivors revealed excellent results in 89 per cent, good in 8 per cent, fair in 1 per cent and poor in 2 per cent. This is the largest series reported from India.
Differential responses of human articular cartilage to retinol.
Authors: R W Jubb
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

An in-vitro study has been made of the response of aged human articular cartilage to the catabolic agent retinol. Weight bearing cartilage from the femoral condyle degrades and releases proteoglycan with an associated reduction of sulphate incorporation. Similar cartilage from the femoral head responds to the retinol with an inhibition of sulphate incorporation but no degradation or loss of proteoglycan. Extraction of the proteoglycan from the femoral head samples failed to demonstrate any evidence of breakdown.
Elevated Carcinoembryonic Antigen Levels And Biliary Tract Obstruction
Authors: Benjamin B. Lurie
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Circulating carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels and their relation to liver function test values were studied in 29 jaundiced patients with benign extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction and inflammation. During the obstructive and inflammatory phase, 15 (52%) of the patients had CEA levels greater than 2.5 ng/ml. Elevated CEA levels were associated more frequently with common bile duct stones (and cholangitis) than with gallbladder stones (and cholecystitis) alone, although this difference was not statistically significant. The former often had values greater than 5.0 ng/ml. The highest values were found in two patients with liver abscesses. The CEA levels returned to normal following relief of obstruction in seven of ten patients and increased in two patients who had progressive inflammation. Serum alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin levels were significantly higher in the patients with elevated CEA levels (P &lt;.05). Serum alkaline phosphatase levels showed a significant positive correlation with CEA levels (P &lt;.02). Patients with obstructive jaundice and elevated CEA levels do not necessarily have cancer. (<i>JAMA</i>233:326-330, 1975)