tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Grape Seed Extract Is an Aromatase Inhibitor and a Suppressor of Aromatase Expression
Authors: Ikuko Kijima, Sheryl Phung, Gene Hur, Sum-Ling Kwok, Shiuan Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Aromatase is the enzyme that converts androgen to estrogen. It is expressed at higher levels in breast cancer tissues than normal breast tissues. Grape seed extract (GSE) contains high levels of procyanidin dimers that have been shown in our laboratory to be potent inhibitors of aromatase. In this study, GSE was found to inhibit aromatase activity in a dose-dependent manner and reduce androgen-dependent tumor growth in an aromatase-transfected MCF-7 (MCF-7aro) breast cancer xenograft model, agreeing with our previous findings. We have also examined the effect of GSE on aromatase expression. Reverse transcription-PCR experiments showed that treatment with 60 μg/mL of GSE suppressed the levels of exon I.3–, exon PII–, and exon I.6–containing aromatase mRNAs in MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 cells. The levels of exon I.1–containing mRNA, however, did not change with GSE treatment. Transient transfection experiments with luciferase-aromatase promoter I.3/II or I.4 reporter vectors showed the suppression of the promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner. The GSE treatment also led to the down-regulation of two transcription factors, cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein-1 (CREB-1) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR). CREB-1 and GR are known to up-regulate aromatase gene expression through promoters I.3/II and I.4, respectively. We believe that these results are exciting in that they show GSE to be potentially useful in the prevention/treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancer through the inhibition of aromatase activity as well as its expression. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(11): 5960-7)
Enterovirus infection and type 1 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational molecular studies
Authors: W.-C. G. Yeung, W. D. Rawlinson, M. E. Craig
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective</b> To review the association between current enterovirus infection diagnosed with molecular testing and development of autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies, analysed with random effects models. <b>Data sources</b> PubMed (until May 2010) and Embase (until May 2010), no language restrictions, studies in humans only; reference lists of identified articles; and contact with authors. <b>Study eligibility criteria</b> Cohort or case-control studies measuring enterovirus RNA or viral protein in blood, stool, or tissue of patients with pre-diabetes and diabetes, with adequate data to calculate an odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals. <b>Results</b> The 24 papers and two abstracts (all case-control studies) that met the eligibility criteria included 4448 participants. Study design varied greatly, with a high level of statistical heterogeneity. The two separate outcomes were diabetes related autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes. Meta-analysis showed a significant association between enterovirus infection and type 1 diabetes related autoimmunity (odds ratio 3.7, 95% confidence interval 2.1 to 6.8; heterogeneity χ<sup>2</sup>/df=1.3) and clinical type 1 diabetes (9.8, 5.5 to 17.4; χ<sup>2</sup>/df=3.2). <b>Conclusions</b> There is a clinically significant association between enterovirus infection, detected with molecular methods, and autoimmunity/type 1 diabetes. Larger prospective studies would be needed to establish a clear temporal relation between enterovirus infection and the development of autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes.
Subendocardial and Intramural Temperature Response During Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation in Chronic Myocardial Infarction and Normal Myocardium
Authors: Hans Kottkamp, Gerhard Hindricks, Eckehard Horst, Thomas Baal, Christian Fechtrup, Günter Breithardt, Martin Borggrefe
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The ability of radiofrequency energy to extend across scar tissue is unknown. We investigated the effects of radiofrequency catheter ablation on intramural temperature in experimental chronic myocardial infarction. Methods and Results Myocardial infarction was induced in eight dogs by a transcatheter coronary artery occlusion-reperfusion technique. The dogs were reanesthetized after 15 to 24 days. Four additional dogs served as controls. The freshly excised preparations were cut and placed in a saline bath at 37°C. Temperature-guided energy applications with a preselected catheter tip temperature of 80°C were performed for 60 seconds with a 7F ablation catheter. Thermoelements were inserted into the ventricular muscle at depths of 2.5 to 3.0 mm (“subendocardial”) and 5.5 to 6.0 mm (“intramural”). Surviving muscle fibers were interspersed among the transmural scar tissue. The maximal temperatures did not differ significantly between normal hearts and chronic infarctions at the subendocardial (64.5±6.4°C versus 66.7±6.6°C) or intramural thermoelement (51.9±5.7°C versus 52.3±5.7°C). The myocardial temperature rise was slow, and steady-state temperatures had not been reached after 60 seconds. The intramural temperatures in chronic infarctions measured 49.0±4.3°C after 40 seconds of energy delivery and were still below the critical tissue temperature of 50°C that is necessary to induce permanent myocardial damage. Conclusions Temperature-guided radiofrequency ablation in a dog model of chronic myocardial infarction may induce tissue temperatures &gt;50°C at a depth of 5.5 to 6.0 mm. The intramural temperature rise was slow, indicating that long energy applications might be necessary if the arrhythmogenic substrate is subepicardial.
LONG-TERM THERAPY WITH BENDAVIA (MTP-131), A NOVEL MITOCHONDRIA-TARGETING PEPTIDE, INCREASES MYOCARDIAL ATP SYNTHESIS AND IMPROVES LEFT VENTRICULAR SYSTOLIC FUNCTION IN DOGS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE
Authors: Hani N. Sabbah, Wang Mengjun, Kefei Zhang, Ramesh C. Gupta, Sharad Rastogi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Phosphorylation of Ser78 of Hsp27 correlated with HER-2/neu status and lymph node positivity in breast cancer
Authors: Daohai Zhang, Lee Wong, Evelyn SC Koay
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2007)

Abnormal amplification/expression of HER-2/neu oncogene has been causally linked with tumorigenesis and metastasis in breast cancer and associated with shortened overall survival of patients. Recently, heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) was reported to be highly expressed in HER-2/neu positive tumors and cell lines. However, putative functional links between phosphorylation of Hsp27 with HER-2/neu status and other clinicopathological features remain to be elucidated.Comparative phosphoproteomic studies of HER-2/neu positive and -negative breast tumors revealed that Hsp27, one of the identified phosphoproteins, was highly phosphorylated in HER-2/neu positive tumors. The extent of Hsp27 phosphorylation at its Ser15, Ser78 and Ser82 residues were further evaluated with site-specific antibodies in tumor samples by tissue lysate array- and tissue microarray-based analyses, and in the BT474 breast cancer cell line treated with heregulin alpha1 (HRG alpha1) or the p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580. The tissue lysate array study indicated that only the level of pSer78 in HER-2/neu positive tumors was more than 2-fold that in HER-2/neu negative tumors. Treatment of BT474 cells with HRG alpha1 and SB203580 indicated that Ser78 phosphorylation was mainly regulated by the HER-2/neu-p38 MAPK pathway. Immunohistochemical staining of sections from a tissue microarray with 97 breast tumors showed that positive staining of pSer78 significantly correlated with HER-2/neu (p = 0.004) and lymph node positivity (p = 0.026).This investigation demonstrated the significant correlation of enhanced phosphorylation of the Ser78 residue of Hsp27 with HER-2/neu and lymph node positivity in breast cancer.
Cognitive success and exam preparation
Authors: Matthew Elton
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Evolution is not like an exam in which pre-set problems need to be solved. Failing to recognise this point, Clark &amp; Thornton misconstrue the type of explanation called for in species learning although, clearly, species that can trade spaces have more chances to discover novel beneficial behaviours. On the other hand, the trading spaces strategy might help to explain lifetime learning successes.
FAT EMBOLISM OF THE LUNG, FOLLOWING FRACTURES.WITH REPORT OF TWO CASES.
Authors: F. GREGORY CONNELL
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The study of fat embolism has been comparatively neglected by Americans. It has never been the subject of a paper read before the American Medical Association, and in the perhaps 250 cases that have been reported in the literature not over a dozen have been contributed by writers of this country. These facts, with an experience of two cases in as many years, led to a study of the subject and to the belief that it is deserving of more consideration than is usually given it, and to a presentation of the subject, at this time, in the hope of stimulating an interest that might result in more definite knowledge. <h3>HISTORY.</h3> Magendie,<sup>1</sup>in 1827, was the first to demonstrate, experimentally, that the injection of oil into a vein might produce dyspnea and even death. In 1839 R. W. Smith<sup>2</sup>noted two cases of fatty heart with free oil in the
Measurement of Cerebral Blood Flow Using Graph Plot Analysis and I-123 Iodoamphetamine
Authors: KUNIO OKAMOTO, YO USHIJIMA, CHIO OKUYAMA, TOMOKI NAKAMURA, TSUNEHIKO NISHIMURA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

Purpose N-isopropyl-p[I-123]iodoamphetamin (IMP) is transiently taken up by the lungs after intravenous injection and its concentration in arterial blood varies depending on the degree of I-123 IMP uptake and subsequent washout. A method that does not require arterial blood sampling would be valuable to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF) using I-123 IMP. Methods The authors developed a new theory and a convenient new method of CBF determination using I-123 IMP that does not require blood sampling. Dynamic images of the head and chest were acquired immediately after intravenous injection of I-123 IMP in a series of 42 consecutive patients with cerebrovascular disorders or other brain diseases (31 men, 11 women; mean age, 58 ± 11 years). Changes in the I-123 IMP counts of the regions of interest set in the head and pulmonary trunk were analyzed by the graph plot method, and the F values (CBF index slope) determined were compared with the mean CBF levels obtained by simultaneous autoradiography. Result The F values correlated well with the mean CBF obtained by autoradiography (r = 0.818, P < 0.001). Conclusions This innovative I-123 IMP graph plot analysis method using the time–activity curve of the head and pulmonary trunk alone is a noninvasive, convenient way to measure CBF. It is expected to become the most useful clinical technique for measuring CBF with I-123 IMP. This method can be used for patient follow-up and for comparing different patient groups evaluated in regional CBF studies.
The Onset of Facial Pain
Authors: A. Violon
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1980)

13, mostly male, cases of cluster headache and 15, mostly female, cases of atypical facial neuralgia were submitted to the psychosomatic anamnestic interview of Seguin. A very high proportion of patients in both groups had suffered from early deprivation of physical gratification. Pain itself started initially after a sequence of masked depression followed by dental or facial intervention in most atypical facial neuralgias, and by emotional stress in half of the patients with cluster headaches. Pain afterwards still hid and expressed a current underlying depression in both groups.
On Diagnosis: A Systemic Approach
Authors: John J. Massarelli
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The title of this book may be misleading to some primary care physicians, in that "diagnosis" refers as much to content as to process, and "systemic" signifies not systems of the body, but systems theory. The author is a family practitioner with a background in psychiatry. From the evidence of this book, he is a thoughtful, compassionate, practical physician who "cares" for his patients in both senses of the word. As chronic diseases with multiple causes or unknown etiology have become among the most common problems with which doctors deal, the biomedical model of disease is less useful, and a biopsychosocial model is now more valid. The context of a medical diagnosis must take into account "two vast systems": the family system to which the patient belongs and the medical system of the doctor. The doctor-patient relationship is the interaction of these systems, as modified by the social system in
Peripheral Vascular Spasm as a Prodrome of Herpes Zoster
Authors: LEON BLUMBERG, ALBERT BEHREND
Journal: Circulation (1956)

A case of severe vascular spasm involving the major arterial circulation of the lower extremity has been reported. The unusual feature of this case is the fact that the arterial spasm apparently was a prodrome of herpes zoster, the cutaneous manifestations of which appeared 72 hours after the onset of vasospasm. Response of the vasospastic symptoms to non-operative therapy was good; the herpes zoster required roentgen therapy for relief.
The Clinical Significance of Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction
Authors: Bernadette Biondi, David S. Cooper
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2007)

Subclinical thyroid disease (SCTD) is defined as serum free T(4) and free T(3) levels within their respective reference ranges in the presence of abnormal serum TSH levels. SCTD is being diagnosed more frequently in clinical practice in young and middle-aged people as well as in the elderly. However, the clinical significance of subclinical thyroid dysfunction is much debated. Subclinical hyper- and hypothyroidism can have repercussions on the cardiovascular system and bone, as well as on other organs and systems. However, the treatment and management of SCTD and population screening are controversial despite the potential risk of progression to overt disease, and there is no consensus on the thyroid hormone and thyrotropin cutoff values at which treatment should be contemplated. Opinions differ regarding tissue effects, symptoms, signs, and cardiovascular risk. Here, we critically review the data on the prevalence and progression of SCTD, its tissue effects, and its prognostic implications. We also examine the mechanisms underlying tissue alterations in SCTD and the effects of replacement therapy on progression and tissue parameters. Lastly, we address the issue of the need to treat slight thyroid hormone deficiency or excess in relation to the patient's age.
Patient-Initiated Treatment of Uncomplicated Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Young Women
Authors: Kalpana Gupta, Thomas M. Hooton, Pacita L. Roberts, Walter E. Stamm
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Background: Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common outpatient problem, resulting in frequent office visits and often requiring the use of prophylactic antimicrobial agents. Patient-initiated treatment of recurrent UTIs may decrease antimicrobial use and improve patient convenience. Objective: To determine the safety and feasibility of patient-initiated treatment of recurrent UTIs. Design: Uncontrolled, prospective clinical trial. Setting: University-based primary health care clinic. Participants: Women at least 18 years of age with a history of recurrent UTIs and no recent pregnancy, hypertension, diabetes, or renal disease. Intervention: After self-diagnosing UTI on the basis of symptoms, participating women initiated therapy with ofloxacin or levofloxacin. Measurements: Accuracy of self-diagnosis determined by evidence of a definite (culture-positive) or probable (sterile pyuria and no alternative diagnosis) UTI on pretherapy urinalysis and culture. Women with a self-diagnosis of UTI that was not microbiologically confirmed were evaluated for alternative diagnoses. Post-therapy interviews and urine cultures were used to assess clinical and microbiological cure rates, adverse events, and patient satisfaction. Results: 88 of 172 women self-diagnosed a total of 172 UTIs. Laboratory evaluation showed a uropathogen in 144 cases (84%), sterile pyuria in 19 cases (11%), and no pyuria or bacteriuria in 9 cases (5%). Clinical and microbiological cures occurred in 92% and 96%, respectively, of culture-confirmed episodes. No serious adverse events occurred. Conclusion: Adherent women can accurately self-diagnose and self-treat recurrent UTIs.
Antihypertensive Therapy and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Raj Padwal, Andreas Laupacis
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

OBJECTIVE—To systematically review the available evidence examining the effects of the major antihypertensive drug classes on the incidence of type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Medline, and Embase were searched for English-language case-control, cohort, and randomized controlled trials involving the major antihypertensive classes and reporting type 2 diabetes as an end point. Reference lists of original studies and narrative reviews were also hand searched. One reviewer (R.P.) performed the electronic searches. Both reviewers independently extracted data and assessed all potentially relevant studies for inclusion and methodological quality. Abstracts were not included, and unpublished studies were not sought. RESULTS—One case-control study, 8 cohort studies, and 14 randomized controlled trials met inclusion criteria. No study examined diabetes incidence as a primary end point. Poor methodological quality limits the conclusions that can be drawn from most nonrandomized trials. Evidence from randomized studies is also potentially limited by several sources of bias, including treatment contamination and bias inherent in post hoc analyses. Data from the highest-quality studies suggest that diabetes incidence is unchanged or increased by thiazide diuretics and β-blockers and unchanged or decreased by ACE inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and angiotensin receptor blockers. CONCLUSIONS—The major antihypertensive classes may exert differential effects on diabetes incidence, although current data are far from conclusive. Ongoing placebo-controlled randomized trials involving potentially beneficial drug classes and examining diabetes incidence as a primary end point should provide more definitive evidence.
Prospective multicenter clinical trial of immunosuppressive drug withdrawal in stable adult liver transplant recipients
Authors: Carlos Benítez, María-Carlota Londoño, Rosa Miquel, Tommaso-Maria Manzia, Juan G. Abraldes, Juan-José Lozano, Marc Martínez-Llordella, Marta López, Roberta Angelico, Felix Bohne, Pilar Sese, Frederic Daoud, Patrick Larcier, Dave L. Roelen, Frans Claas, Gavin Whitehouse, Jan Lerut, Jacques Pirenne, Antoni Rimola, Giuseppe Tisone, Alberto Sánchez-Fueyo
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Lifelong immunosuppression increases morbidity and mortality in liver transplantation. Discontinuation of immunosuppressive drugs could lessen this burden, but the safety, applicability, and clinical outcomes of this strategy need to be carefully defined. We enrolled 102 stable liver recipients at least 3 years after transplantation in a single-arm multicenter immunosuppression withdrawal trial. Drugs were gradually discontinued over a 6 to 9-month period. The primary endpoint was the development of operational tolerance, defined as successful immunosuppressive drug cessation maintained for at least 12 months with stable graft function and no histopathologic evidence of rejection. Out of the 98 recipients evaluated, 57 rejected and 41 successfully discontinued all immunosuppressive drugs. In nontolerant recipients rejection episodes were mild and resolved over 5.6 months (two nontolerant patients still exhibited mild gradually improving cholestasis at the end of follow-up). In tolerant recipients no progressive clinically significant histological damage was apparent in follow-up protocol biopsies performed up to 3 years following drug withdrawal. Tolerance was independently associated with time since transplantation (odds ratio [OR] 1.353; P = 0.0001), recipient age (OR 1.073; P = 0.009), and male gender (OR 4.657; P = 0.016). A predictive model incorporating the first two clinical variables identified subgroups of recipients with very high (79%), intermediate (30%-38%), and very low (0%) likelihood of successful withdrawal. Conclusion: When conducted at late timepoints after transplantation, immunosuppression withdrawal is successful in a high proportion of carefully selected liver recipients. A combination of clinical parameters could be useful to predict the success of this strategy. Additional prospective studies are now needed to confirm these results and to validate clinically applicable diagnostic biomarkers. (Hepatology 2013;58:1824–1835)
Comparison of Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography and Low-Dose Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography in Predicting Recovery of Left Ventricular Function After Coronary Revascularization in Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Christopher R. deFilippi, DuWayne L. Willett, Waleed N. Irani, Eric J. Eichhorn, Carlos E. Velasco, Paul A. Grayburn
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) and myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) can predict recovery of left ventricular function after myocardial infarction. DSE also has been shown to predict left ventricular functional recovery after revascularization in chronic ischemic heart disease, whereas MCE has not been evaluated in such patients. This study was performed to compare DSE and MCE in the prediction of left ventricular functional recovery after revascularization in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease. Methods and Results MCE and DSE were performed in 35 patients with chronic coronary artery disease and significant wall motion abnormalities (mean ejection fraction, 0.36±0.09). Regional wall motion was scored by use of a 16-segment model wherein 1=normal or hyperkinetic, 2=hypokinetic, 3=akinetic, and 4=dyskinetic. Each segment was evaluated for contractile reserve by DSE and perfusion by MCE. Revascularization (coronary artery bypass graft [n=13] and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty [n=10]) was successful in 23 patients. Follow-up echocardiograms were done to assess wall motion 30 to 60 days later. In 238 segments with resting wall motion abnormalities, perfusion was more likely to present than contractile reserve (97% versus 91%, P &lt;.02). Revascularization resulted in functional recovery in 77 of 95 hypokinetic segments (81%) but only 18 of 57 akinetic segments (32%, P &lt;.0001). DSE and MCE were not significantly different in predicting functional recovery of hypokinetic segments. In akinetic segments, DSE and MCE had similar sensitivities (89% versus 94%, respectively) and negative predictive values (93% and 97%, respectively) in predicting functional recovery. However, DSE had a higher specificity (92% versus 67%, P &lt;.02) and positive predictive value (85% versus 55%, P &lt;.02) than MCE in predicting functional recovery. Conclusions Both contractile reserve by DSE and perfusion by MCE are predictive of functional recovery in hypokinetic segments after coronary revascularization in patients with chronic coronary artery disease. In akinetic segments, myocardial perfusion by MCE may exist in segments that do not recover contractile function after revascularization. Thus, contractile reserve during low-dose dobutamine infusion is a better predictor of functional recovery after revascularization in akinetic segments than perfusion.
133 THE INVALIDATION OF OSTEOPONTIN AGGRAVES THE HEPATIC INJURIES INDUCED BY ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION IN MICE
Authors: A. Rubio, J. Lauron, D. Rousseau, B. Bailly-Maitre, V. Lavallard, M.C. Saint-Paul, Y. Le Marchand-Brustel, A. Tran, D. Crenesse, P. Gual
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)