tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Address on CHOLECYSTITIS AND GALL-STONES
Authors: R. P. Rowlands
Journal: BMJ (1930)

_~~~~~~~~~~~~~~EIA J_ _A r.ise to stomi-iach trouble, niot bv reducinig the original daily (lose, but by initrodlucinig aftei every two da-s, later every scmonid day, a free day-thlat is, a day-witlhotit digitalis.Of couIse, regular observation of tlhe patient miust deter- miinle which shelmeiie w-e adopt in eaclh inidividual case.Olnce *w-e reach a firequencey of 80 in the recumbent positioni it n.ay be w-ise to rieduece the dailv dose from, let us sa-, 3 (lecigraimis to 2, but niot less.Witli furtlher im-riprovemiielit -we may eveii finid it possible to give the full dose every thlird dcay onily; anid, curious to say, tlis method alloWs us to keep tlle patienit and, hiis heart continuously iuider a fully active dose of digitalis witlhout aniy signs of inltoxi- catioii.This treatmiieiit may be conitiniued for ani inidefiiiite iumber of relatively liealthli years.Clinical experimiiental proof of the excelleiit success of this simiiple schemle is easily obtainied in this category of patients.By carefully gauginig the venitr ic-uLlar r ate anid the pulse deficit, anid especially by miiakinig graplic records, it will be found that iin regularly livinig patienits both values are lower onl tlle free days than onl the days of digitalis admiiniistration.It is quiite clear that the dose works most actively oni the second day.If the patien-t is well you can introduce a-secoiid free day, anid finid out by counitiingy the puilse wlhetlher digitalis action is still olperative.This objective eviidence wvill give the decision of lhow long intelvals may be allowed.The same very
Sebaceous Gland Secretion
Authors: Peter E. Pochi, John S. Strauss
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

Journal Article Sebaceous Gland Secretion Get access Peter E. Pochi, Peter E. Pochi Department of Dermatology Boston University Medical Center Boston, Massachusetts 02118 U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar John S. Strauss John S. Strauss Department of Dermatology Boston University Medical Center Boston, Massachusetts 02118 U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 82, Issue 4, 1 April 1970, Page 419, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb06845.x Published: 01 April 1970
ORGAN WORK AND ORGAN WEIGHT
Authors: Florence Walter, T. Addis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1939)

1. The ratios between the rates of growth of the body and of the heart, kidneys, and liver are approximately uniform between 40 gm. body weight and the body weight at maturity in the albino rat. The male and female hearts grow at 0.75 times the rate of growth of the body, the male kidneys at 0.717 times, the female kidneys at 0.648 times, and the liver at 0.838 times the rate of growth of the body as a whole. 2. Formulas for the prediction of organ weight from body weight were derived from the data on 1591 albino rats kept under constant conditions. 3. A series of experiments in which dietetic and metabolic variables were introduced into otherwise constant conditions showed that the heart weight was not affected by diet, and that both kidney weight and weight of liver protein (used as a measure of effective liver size) varied in the direction of change in the protein content of the diet. Decrease in rate of metabolism induced by thyroidectomy and increase in metabolism following the administration of thyroxin led to a corresponding fall and rise of heart, kidney, and liver protein weight. These results were confirmed in experiments on fasted rats with the exception that under these conditions thyroidectomy did not appreciably decrease liver protein weight relatively to fasted controls. Increase in organ metabolism due to dinitrophenol had no effect on organ weight. 4. When experimental changes alter the composition of the body with respect to fat or water, the comparison of experimental and control organ weights in terms of any one function of body weight is fallacious. 5. Conditions that change kidney weight usually change liver protein weight in the same direction and roughly to the same degree. The possible meaning of two exceptions to this rule is discussed. 6. The observations made are regarded as supporting the hypothesis that, after weaning, change in the weight of the heart, kidney, and liver protein is determined mainly by change in the amount of work done by these organs.
Mast cells as rapid innate sensors of cytomegalovirus by TLR3/TRIF signaling-dependent and -independent mechanisms
Authors: Marc Becker, Niels AW Lemmermann, Stefan Ebert, Pamela Baars, Angelique Renzaho, Jürgen Podlech, Michael Stassen, Matthias J Reddehase
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2014)
Reply to A. Edward Friedman's Letter to the Editor re: Abraham Morgentaler, Abdulmaged M. Traish. Shifting the Paradigm of Testosterone and Prostate Cancer: The Saturation Model and the Limits of Androgen-Dependent Growth. Eur Urol 2009;55:310–21
Authors: Abraham Morgentaler, Abdulmaged M. Traish
Journal: European Urology (2009)
Germline mutations in HRAS proto-oncogene cause Costello syndrome
Authors: Yoko Aoki, Tetsuya Niihori, Hiroshi Kawame, Kenji Kurosawa, Hirofumi Ohashi, Yukichi Tanaka, Mirella Filocamo, Kumi Kato, Yoichi Suzuki, Shigeo Kure, Yoichi Matsubara
Journal: Nature Genetics (2005)
Must We Always Use CPR?
Authors: Leslie J. Blackhall
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) as we know it today came into being after the invention of closed-chest cardiac massage in 1960.1 This technique was originally developed for victims of sudden cardiac or respiratory arrest. As the introduction to one monograph on CPR, written in 1965, says, "The techniques described in this monograph are designed to resuscitate the victim of acute insult, whether it be from drowning, electrical shock, untoward effect of drugs, anesthetic accident, heart block, acute MI [myocardial infarction] or surgery."2 At present, however, it is standard practice to attempt CPR on any patient in the hospital who has a . . .
Responsiveness to autologous sweat and serum in cholinergic urticaria classifies its clinical subtypes
Authors: Atsushi Fukunaga, Toshinori Bito, Kenta Tsuru, Akiko Oohashi, Xijun Yu, Masamitsu Ichihashi, Chikako Nishigori, Tatsuya Horikawa
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
A STUDY OF EXPERIMENTAL HEAT-STROKE
Authors: W. W. HALL
Journal: JAMA (1927)

A previous communication1presented a statistical study of heat injuries that have occurred in  United States Navy. The clinical aspects of heat injury and  several theories of its etiology, as given by various observers from biblical times until experimental work on  problem began with Claude Bernard, were cited.  In 1858, Claude Bernard2produced deaths in birds and mammals by raising their temperatures 4 or 5 degrees C., and showed that, at autopsy,  lesions found were similar to those noted in major heat-stroke. Bernard, in a later communication, considered  cause of death to be due to purely physical causes; i. e., elevation of  blood to such a high temperature. Following this work, in 1872, H. C. Wood3described some experimental studies. The conclusions drawn are practically  same as those of Bernard. Wood also noted that the more violently a muscle is
Abstract 4892: EBV infectivity determines sensitivity to bortezomib in hematopoietic malignancy cells
Authors: Areumnuri Kim, Jung-Eun Lee, Sunhoo Park, Seung-Sook Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is closely associated with several human malignancies where it expresses limited subsets of latent proteins. Of the latent proteins, latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is a potent transforming protein that constitutively induces multiple cell signaling pathways. C-terminal signaling domain of LMP1 (CTAR2) is known to engage the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and NF-κB pathways, which contributes to EBV-associated oncogenesis. Bortezomib, proteasome inhibitor, blocks degradation of IκBα, thereby blocking not only NF-κB activation but also related cytokine production and the survival advantage for patients. However, to date, no study has examined that EBV infectivity is correlated with efficacy of bortezomib in the hematopoietic malignancies cells. Here, we used EBV-positive cell lines (Hank-1, Jijoye, Daudi and Granta519), EBV-negative cells (NK-92, Ramos, Jurkat and Rec1) and stable EBV-transfected cells (Ramos/EBV, Jurkat/EBV and Rec1/EBV) to evaluate the bortezomib sensitivity, highlighting the role of NF-κB. In the present study, we investigated that treatment with bortezomib significantly induced apoptosis and growth inhibition through blocking nuclear NF-κB signaling pathway in EBV-positive cells than EBV-negative cells. Thus, this data suggest that LMP1-induced NF-κB plays a critical role of survival and growth in EBV-positive cells. Additionally, treatment with bortezomib may provide a therapeutic advantage for patients with EBV-positive cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4892. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4892
Psychiatric Implications of the Teen-Agers' Problems
Authors: James G. Delano
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The varied problems of adolescent persons are direct expressions of the personality changes of this period and the emotions that are associated with these. The stimulus that evokes these changes is the need to cope with increased sexual drive. To do this the adolescent must change from a childhood emotional position that depends on parents for direction and must seek and achieve a new sense of personal identity which is self-dependent and which is in harmony with a conscience which also must be remodeled during this period. The struggle to achieve this personality change produces the emotional reactions, many psychological and medical problems, and the behavior characteristic of teen-agers.
CXCR3-dependent recruitment and CCR6-mediated positioning of Th-17 cells in the inflamed liver
Authors: Ye Htun Oo, Vanessa Banz, Dean Kavanagh, Evaggelia Liaskou, David R. Withers, Elizabeth Humphreys, Gary M. Reynolds, Laura Lee-Turner, Neena Kalia, Stefan G. Hubscher, Paul Klenerman, Bertus Eksteen, David H. Adams
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)

IL-17 secreting CD4 (Th17) and CD8 (Tc17) T cells have been implicated in immune-mediated liver diseases, but the molecular basis for their recruitment and positioning within the liver is unknown.The phenotype and migratory behaviour of human liver-derived Th17 and Tc17 cells were investigated by flow cytometry and chemotaxis and flow-based adhesion assays. The recruitment of murine Th17 cells to the liver was studied in vivo using intra-vital microscopy.IL-17(+) T cells comprised 1-3% of the T cell infiltrate in inflammatory liver diseases and included both CD4 (Th17) and CD8 (Tc17) cells. They expressed RORC and the IL-23 receptor and included subsets that secreted IL-22 and interferon-γ. Th17 and Tc17 cells expressed high levels of CXCR3 and CCR6, Tc17 cells also expressed CXCR6. Binding to human sinusoidal endothelium from flow was dependent on β1 and β2 integrins, CXCR3, and, in the case of Th17 cells, VAP-1. Th17 recruitment via sinusoids in mice with liver inflammation was reduced by treatment with antibodies against CXCR3 ligands, confirming the role of CXCR3 in Th17 recruitment in vivo. In human liver, IL-17(+) cells were detected in portal infiltrates close to inflamed bile ducts expressing the CCR6 ligand CCL20. Cytokine-treated human cholangiocytes secreted CCL20 and induced CCR6-dependent migration of Th17 cells suggesting that local cholangiocyte chemokine secretion localises Th17 cells to bile ducts.CXCR3 promotes recruitment of Th17 cells from the blood into the liver in both human and murine liver injury. Their subsequent positioning near bile ducts is dependent on cholangiocyte-secreted CCL20.
An Address ON SPA TREATMENT, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MOFFAT: Delivered before the Border Counties Branch of the British Medical Association
Authors: D. Huskie
Journal: BMJ (1911)

THIE first mention of mineral springs takes us back to a period nearly 2,000 years before Christ.We read in Genesis xxxvi, 24, in the Revised Version, " This was that Anah that found the hot springs in the wilderness as he fed the asses of Zibeon his father."This discovery was made somewhere about 1740 B.C. We are also told that one of the daughters of this Hivite was taken to wife by Esau.No doubt, as time went on, the healing virtues of this spring would become known, and be ascribed to some spirit or supernatural agency.Certain it is that at a later date there was a widespread, and no doubt well-founded, belief in the curative effects of certain springs and streams,
Assessing Household Solid Fuel Use: Multiple Implications for the Millennium Development Goals
Authors: Eva Rehfuess, Sumi Mehta, Annette Prüss-Üstün
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

The World Health Organization is the agency responsible for reporting the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) indicator "percentage of population using solid fuels." In this article, we present the results of a comprehensive assessment of solid fuel use, conducted in 2005, and discuss the implications of our findings in the context of achieving the MDGs.For 93 countries, solid fuel use data were compiled from recent national censuses or household surveys. For the 36 countries where no data were available, the indicator was modeled. For 52 upper-middle or high-income countries, the indicator was assumed to be < 5%.According to our assessment, 52% of the world's population uses solid fuels. This percentage varies widely between countries and regions, ranging from 77%, 74%, and 74% in Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Western Pacific Region, respectively, to 36% in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 16% in Latin America and the Caribbean and in Central and Eastern Europe. In most industrialized countries, solid fuel use falls to the < 5% mark.Although the "percentage of population using solid fuels" is classified as an indicator to measure progress towards MDG 7, reliance on traditional household energy practices has distinct implications for most of the MDGs, notably MDGs 4 and 5. There is an urgent need for development agendas to recognize the fundamental role that household energy plays in improving child and maternal health and fostering economic and social development.
Effect of Aluminium Nicotinate on Sebum Excretion
Authors: W. J. Cunliffe, J. L. Burton, Sam Shfster
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1969)

Journal Article Effect of Aluminium Nicotinate on Sebum Excretion Get access W. J. Cunliffe, W. J. Cunliffe The Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. L. Burton, J. L. Burton The Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sam Shfster Sam Shfster The Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 81, Issue 11, 1 November 1969, Pages 867–868, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb15961.x Published: 01 November 1969
Apparent Emergence of Aminoglycoside-Resistant<i>Escherichia coli</i>during Neonatal Meningitis
Authors: Peter Echeverria, Michael A. Lew, Arnold L. Smith
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

A HAZARD of suboptimal antimicrobial therapy is the potential of creating an environment conducive to the growth of resistant organisms. This risk is potentially present in infants with meningitis caused by enteric gram-negative bacteria because of the poor accumulation of aminoglycoside antibiotics in the cerebrospinal fluid.1 Enteric gram-negative bacteria have previously been reported to acquire resistance to gentamicin during therapy of neonatal meningitis,2 , 3 but the phenomenon was incompletely documented and mechanism of acquisition not characterized.4 We have observed an Escherichia coli causing meningitis in a newborn infant that appeared to acquire resistance to several aminoglycoside antibiotics during therapy.Case Report . . .
<i>XPC</i> genetic polymorphisms correlate with the response to imatinib treatment in patients with chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Vicent M. Guillem, Francisco Cervantes, Jesús Martínez, Alberto Alvarez‐Larrán, María Collado, Mireia Camós, Anna Sureda, Margherita Maffioli, Isabel Marugán, Juan‐Carlos Hernández‐Boluda
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

Abstract Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is driven by the BCR‐ABL protein, which promotes the proliferation and viability of the leukemic cells. Moreover, BCR‐ABL induces genomic instability that can contribute to the emergence of resistant clones to the ABL kinase inhibitors. It is currently unknown whether the inherited individual capability to repair DNA damage could affect the treatment results. To address this, a comprehensive analysis of single nucleotide polimorfisms (SNPs) on the nucleotide excision repair (NER) genes ( ERCC2‐ERCC8 , RPA1‐RPA3 , LIG1 , RAD23B , XPA , XPC ) was performed in 92 chronic phase CML patients treated with imatinib upfront. ERCC5 and XPC SNPs correlated with the response to imatinib. Haplotype analysis of XPC showed that the wild‐type haplotype (499C‐939A) was associated with a better response to imatinib. Moreover, the 5‐year failure free survival for CA carriers was significantly better than that of the non‐CA carriers (98% vs. 73%; P = 0.02). In the multivariate logistic model with genetic data and clinical covariates, the hemoglobin (Hb) level and the XPC haplotype were independently associated with the treatment response, with patients having a Hb ≤11 g/dl (Odds ratio [OR] = 5.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5–16.1) or a non‐CA XPC haplotype (OR = 4.1, 95% CI = 1.6–10.6) being at higher risk of suboptimal response/treatment failure. Our findings suggest that genetic polymorphisms in the NER pathway may influence the results to imatinib treatment in CML. Am. J. Hematol., 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lifestyle Intervention in Overweight Individuals With a Family History of Diabetes
Authors: Rena R Wing, Elizabeth Venditti, John M Jakicic, Betsy A Polley, Wei Lang
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of lifestyle intervention over 2 years on changes in weight, coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors, and incidence of diabetes in overweight individuals with a parental history of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants (n = 154), who were 30–100% over ideal body weight, had one or both parents with diabetes, and were currently nondiabetic, were randomly assigned to 2-year treatments focused on diet (decreasing calories and fat intake), exercise (goal of 1,500 kcal/week of moderate activity), or the combination of diet plus exercise or to a no-treatment control group. Subjects were reassessed at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years. RESULTS At 6 months, the groups differed significantly on measures of eating, exercise, and fitness; weight losses in the diet and diet-plus-exercise groups were significantly &amp;gt; in the exercise and control conditions. Weight losses were associated with positive changes in CHD risk factors. After 6 months, there was gradual deterioration of behavioral and physiological changes, so that at 2 years, almost no between-group differences were maintained. Differences between groups in risk of developing diabetes were of borderline significance (P = 0.08). Strongest predictors were impaired glucose tolerance at baseline, which was positively related to risk of developing diabetes, and weight loss from baseline to 2 years, which was negatively related; in all treatment groups, a modest weight loss of 4.5 kg reduced the risk of type 2 diabetes by ∼ 30% compared with no weight loss. CONCLUSIONS Although initially successful, the interventions studied here were not effective in producing long-term changes in behavior, weight, or physiological parameters. However, weight loss from 0 to 2 years reduced the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Since modest weight loss significantly reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, further research is needed to determine how best to increase the percentage of subjects achieving at least a modest weight loss.
Hepatitis B virus with antigenically altered hepatitis B surface antigen is selected by high-dose hepatitis B immune globulin after liver transplantation
Authors: Ulrike Protzer-Knolle, Uta Naumann, Ralph Bartenschlager, Thomas Berg, Uwe Hopf, Karl-Hermann Meyer zum Büschenfelde, Peter Neuhaus, Guido Gerken
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

"Escape" variants of hepatitis B virus (HBV) can cause infection despite previous immunization. These viruses show alterations of the immunogenic major hydrophilic loop of the HBV small surface protein (s-protein). We studied whether HBV "escape" variants were selected in patients with graft infection after liver transplantation for HBV-related diseases who received passive immunoprophylaxis with high-dose polyclonal hepatitis B hyperimmune globulin (HBIG). For that, pre- and posttransplantation sera of 34 patients were analyzed for the occurence of HBV S-gene variants. In addition, binding of in vitro-translated variant s-proteins to HBIG was studied. Variants with exchanges of amino acid (aa) 144 (s144) in HBV genotype A and 145 in genotype D (s145) were found to emerge, persist, and predominate during HBIG, and thus fulfilled criteria of "escape" variants selected. In addition to already-known variants sG145R/K/E, we could demonstrate that newly described variants sX144G and sG145A were antigenically altered and showed impaired recognition by polyclonal HBIG in vitro. Diminished recognition of variant s-proteins correlated with the failure of HBIG to prevent infection of the liver graft with antigenically altered variant HBV Patients infected with "escape" variants s144 or s145 showed a worse clinical outcome compared with the other patients on high-dose, long-term HBIG prophylaxis (44% vs. 23% graft failure caused by HBV infection). Our results suggest that antigenically altered HBV variants s144 and s145 can be selected by HBIG and can influence clinical outcome after liver transplantation.