tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Motivations Studied and Treatments Devised in Attempt to Change Rapists' Behavior
Authors: Don Riesenberg
Journal: JAMA (1987)

NEWS ITEM: "In an opinion by Justice William Rehnquist, the [Supreme] court ruled 5-4 that persons accused of being 'sexuallly dangerous' in Illinois do not enjoy all the same constitutional protections as criminal defendants.... The state's chief interest in these cases is the treatment rather than the punishment of sex offenders."—<i>Chicago Tribune</i>, July 2,1986, p. 3. Should rapists receive treatment at taxpayers' expense? Although there may exist some negative reaction to the idea, it is gaining favor among experts in the field. Richard A. Maier, PhD, associate professor of psychology at Loyola University of Chicago, writes that, "since individuals convicted of violent sex crimes almost invariably return to society at one time or another, it seems that therapy should be attempted" (<i>Human Sexuality in Perspective. Chicago</i>, Nelson Hall Publishers, 1984, p 424). He notes that more is being learned about the motivations of rapists and that, increasingly, there are
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 epigenetically silences multiple tumor suppressor microRNAs to promote liver cancer metastasis
Authors: Sandy Leung-Kuen Au, Carmen Chak-Lui Wong, Joyce Man-Fong Lee, Dorothy Ngo-Yin Fan, Felice Hoching Tsang, Irene Oi-Lin Ng, Chun-Ming Wong
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Epigenetic alterations and microRNA (miRNA) deregulation are common in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) tri-methylating enzyme, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) mediates epigenetic silencing of gene expression and is frequently up-regulated in human cancers. In this study we aimed to delineate the implications of EZH2 up-regulation in miRNA deregulation and HCC metastasis. Expressions of a total of 90 epigenetic regulators were first determined in 38 pairs of primary HCCs and their corresponding nontumorous livers. We identified EZH2 and its associated polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) as one of the most significantly deregulated epigenetic regulators in primary HCC samples. Up-regulation of EZH2 was next confirmed in 69.5% (41/59) of primary HCCs. Clinicopathologically, EZH2 up-regulation was associated with HCC progression and multiple HCC metastatic features, including venous invasion ( P = 0.043), direct liver invasion ( P = 0.014), and absence of tumor encapsulation ( P = 0.043). We further demonstrated that knockdown of EZH2 in HCC cell lines reduced the global levels of tri-methylated H3K27, and suppressed HCC motility in vitro and pulmonary metastasis in a nude mouse model. By interrogating the miRNA expression profile in EZH2-knockdown cell lines and primary HCC samples, we identified a subset of miRNA that was epigenetically suppressed by EZH2 in human HCC. These included well-characterized tumor-suppressor miRNAs, such as miR-139-5p, miR-125b, miR-101, let-7c, and miR-200b. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed a common regulatory role of these EZH2-silenced miRNAs in modulating cell motility and metastasis-related pathways. Our findings suggest that EZH2 exerts its prometastatic function by way of epigenetic silencing of multiple tumor suppressor miRNAs. Conclusion : Our study demonstrated that EZH2 epigenetically silenced multiple miRNAs that negatively regulate HCC metastasis. (HEPATOLOGY 2012)
CONTEMPO '89: JAMA Continues to Offend the Omitted, Sexology Makes It Especially Disconcerting
Authors: Drummond Rennie
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read the May 19 issue<sup>1</sup>of<i>JAMA</i>with interest. The summary of advances in the various subdivisions of medicine were interesting and enlightening. As an oral and maxillofacial surgeon who is both a dentist and a physician, I want to point out that my specialty has undergone many significant changes, with major advances in the understanding of facial pain and certain chronic head and neck pain syndromes, including a much more in-depth understanding of temporomandibular joint problems and how they relate to maxillofacial deformities. I hope it will be included in future issues of CONTEMPO. <h3>Editorial Note. —</h3> In our last year's CONTEMPO issue our inability to find room for every specialty crushed a rheumatologist, disturbed two experts in physical medicine and rehabilitation, saddened and amazed a plastic surgeon, and disappointed a forensic pathologist. An explanation was offered by its editor, Jody W. Zylke, MD.
Hypogonadism in a Patient with a Mutation in the Luteinizing Hormone Beta-Subunit Gene
Authors: Hernán Valdes-Socin, Roberto Salvi, Adrian F. Daly, Rolf C. Gaillard, Pascale Quatresooz, Pierre-Marie Tebeu, François P. Pralong, Albert Beckers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A 30-year-old man who presented with delayed puberty and infertility was found to have hypogonadism associated with an absence of circulating luteinizing hormone. The patient had a homozygous missense mutation in the gene that encodes the beta subunit of luteinizing hormone (Gly36Asp), a mutation that disrupted a vital cystine knot motif and abrogated the heterodimerization and secretion of luteinizing hormone. Treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin increased circulating testosterone, promoted virilization, and was associated with the appearance of normal spermatozoa in low concentrations. This case illustrates the important physiological role that luteinizing hormone plays in male sexual maturation and fertility.
The ???Count Loss??? Artifact in Tc-99m HMPAO Leukocyte SPECT of the Abdomen
Authors: J J ZHANG, S M KIM, C H PARK, C M INTENZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

During SPECT studies of the abdomen with Tc-99m labeled autologous leukocytes, the authors had observed false defects involving the vertebral bodies of the lower thoracic spine in two patients. To investigate this “count loss” artifact, a phantom simulating liver, spleen, and spine was constructed. Four clinical situations were simulated by positioning cylinders in the different locations: normal spine-spleen model, normal liver-spine-spleen model, spine-enlarged spleen model, and enlarged liver-spine-enlarged spleen model. SPECT studies were performed at different concentration ratios between the spleen and the spine on the disparate models with varying distance from the spleen to the spine. The results showed that the count loss artifact is not only related to the concentration ratio between the structures but also is related to the size, position, and distance between the structures. The correction steps for this artifact include: 1) identifying average count value of the spine and spleen from ECT sinogram count data, and 2) replacing the original high-count value in the spleen by the count value close to the average value at the region of the spine in the 120 raw projection data. Using these new modified ECT data, the reconstructed orthogonal images are almost free of the count loss artifact.
Cost vs Safety The Use of Low-Osmolar Contrast Media
Authors: Harry W. Fischer
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The article by Jacobson and Rosenquist<sup>1</sup>in this issue of<i>JAMA</i>advances the dialogue on whether to place appropriate limits on new medical technologies and, if so, how to do so. Physicians may not be aware of the dilemma faced by radiologists and hospital administrators arising from the recent introduction of low-osmolar contrast media (LOCM). This dilemma arises from uncertainty of just how much better these agents, which in the United States are ten or more times more expensive, may be.<sup>2</sup>Since some 10 million examinations yearly use these intravascular contrast media and since the additional cost to the nation of the new agents totally replacing the old ones is close to $1 billion, the dilemma is crucial. (The use of low-osmolar, nonionic contrast media in myelography is not at issue, since the two new agents are cheaper and less toxic than the old agent metrizamide.) The Jacobson-Rosenquist
Cognitive Assessment for Clinicians
Authors: C. Mcmanus
Journal: BMJ (1995)

John R Hodges Oxford University Press, £16.50, pp 242 ISBN 0 19 262344 X

“How many camels are there in Holland?” This somewhat surprising question may well soon form part of the routine neurological examination, an examination which traditionally devoted inordinate efforts to brain stem nuclei while virtually ignoring the vast terra incognita of the cerebral cortex. In contrast the question on Dutch camels, which tests ability to estimate from general knowledge, is part of a recent bedside test for cognitive functioning of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Answers of none or more than fifty are associated with frontal damage. …
Correlation between the pretreatment number of blisters and the time to control buUous pemphigoid with prednisone 1 mg/kg/day
Authors: O Chosidow, V. Saada, B. Diquet, J.C. Revuz, J. Revuz
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Journal Article Correlation between the pretreatment number of blisters and the time to control buUous pemphigoid with prednisone 1 mg/kg/day Get access O Chosidow, O Chosidow Unité de Dermatologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié‐Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, FranceServices de Dermatologie et de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar V. Saada, V. Saada Services de Dermatologie et de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Diquet, B. Diquet Services de Dermatologie et dePharmacologie, Hopital Henri Mondor et Groupe Hospitalier, Pitié‐Salpétrière, 94010 Créteil et 75013 Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.C. Revuz, J.C. Revuz Services de Dermatologie et de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Revuz J. Revuz Services de Dermatologie et de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 127, Issue 2, 1 August 1992, Pages 185–186, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb08055.x Published: 01 August 1992
Relationship Between Baseline Glycemic Control and Cognitive Function in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors: The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes-Memory in Diabetes (ACCORD-MIND) Trial
Authors: Tali Cukierman-Yaffe
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

Abbatecola and Paolisso suggest that the association found in the ∼3,000-person cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Memory-Memory in Diabetes (ACCORD-MIND) study between higher A1C values and lower cognitive test scores may be mediated at least partially by postprandial glucose levels and its variation index …
Stress fractures of the legs and swelling of the ankles in a patient with lupus: a diagnostic dilemma.
Authors: D Buskila, D D Gladman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1990)

A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus) is described, in whom stress fractures of both legs developed, accompanied by swelling of both ankles. The swelling of the right ankle associated with fracture mimicked lupus synovitis, but resolved with healing of the fracture. On the left side the swelling represented true lupus synovitis coexistent with the tibial stress fracture. This presentation posed a diagnostic dilemma. It is necessary to maintain vigilance in the diagnosis of these fractures in lupus.
Histological Scoring for Small Lung Adenocarcinomas 2 cm or Less in Diameter: A Reliable Prognostic Indicator
Authors: Akiko Miyagi Maeshima, Naobumi Tochigi, Akihiko Yoshida, Hisao Asamura, Koji Tsuta, Hitoshi Tsuda
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Cost of Antibiotics
Authors: Robert H. Waldman
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  The article by Shapiro and co-workers represents an important area of investigation, seemed to be well done, and was presented clearly. However, it is representative of an important deficiency in antimicrobial research in this country, the fact that almost all of this type of research is supported by the pharmaceutical industry. Because of this, although the purpose of the research was and is of tremendous importance, it had the essential failing of not testing the correct antibiotic or antibiotics. There is no good evidence that a cephalosporin, such as the one tested in the study by Shapiro and co-workers, cefazolin, would be any more effective as prophylaxis than would be a generic and far less expensive antibiotic such as ampicillin. The authors allude to that fact in the penultimate paragraph of the article. Although they do not state why they did not test ampicillin, the reason is
Rituximab and dexamethasone vs dexamethasone monotherapy in newly diagnosed patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Sif Gudbrandsdottir, Henrik Sverre Birgens, Henrik Frederiksen, Bjarne Anker Jensen, Morten Krogh Jensen, Lars Kjeldsen, Tobias Wirenfeldt Klausen, Herdis Larsen, Hans Torben Mourits-Andersen, Claus Henrik Nielsen, Ove Juul Nielsen, Torben Plesner, Stanislaw Pulczynski, Inge Helleberg Rasmussen, Dorthe Rønnov-Jessen, Hans Carl Hasselbalch
Journal: Blood (2013)
INTRAVENOUS INJECTIONS IN CHOLERA
Authors: W. M. Bayliss
Journal: BMJ (1919)

IN the address given by Sir Leonard Rogers to the Indian Science Congress at Bombay (NATURE, May 29) reference is made to the treatment of cholera by injections of saline solutions, with the object of replacing the fluid lost from the blood, which loss may amount to 67 per cent, of the plasma volume. The distinguished worker found that isotonic sodium chloride solution (0.85 per cent.) was practically useless, but that hypertonic solutions (1.2 per cent.) were of much greater value. Since the walls of the blood-vessels are freely permeable to salts, there is no permanent difference of osmotic pressure between their contents and the tissue spaces outside them. Hence there is no permanent force to prevent the escape of fluid from the blood-vessels. So long as the salt-content of the blood, as raised by the introduction of hypertonic solutions, exceeded that of the tissue fluids in his cases, there would be absorption of water and the blood-volume would be maintained; but before long the salt concentration of the tissues would rise to that of the blood, and there would no longer be the difference of osmotic pressure necessary to hold the fluid in the circulation against the filtration due to the arterial pressure. This would explain the repeated injections found necessary by Sir Leonard Rogers. In some experiments that I have made, 2 per cent, sodium chloride was found to leave the circulation and cause dema, although not so rapidly as isotonic solutions did.
Hyperbaric-Oxygen Therapy for Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Authors: Stephen R. Thom
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Carbon monoxide appears to be the leading cause of injury and death due to poisoning worldwide.1 A colorless, odorless, tasteless gas, carbon monoxide is produced by the incomplete combustion of any carbon-containing fuel. Prevention of carbon monoxide poisoning requires public education on the safe operation of appliances, heaters, fireplaces, and internal-combustion engines, as well as increased emphasis on the installation of carbon monoxide alarms.1 Despite the ubiquitous presence of carbon monoxide in our environment, its known threat to public health, and more than a century of scientific investigation, the mechanisms of injury and methods of treating carbon monoxide poisoning are . . .
"Demand" and Internal Mammary Artery Implantation
Authors: WILLIAM G. MALETTE, BARRY SCHNEIDER, IVAN B. TAIT
Journal: Circulation (1967)

The results with internal mammary artery implantation in the myocardium after chronic, slow constriction of the left anterior descending coronary artery did not differ from the same implantation done with a normal coronary system. Patency rates, flow through the implanted vessel, cineangiographic appearances, and anatomical patterns were the same in both groups. Pulse pressure patterns were variable. We conclude that ischemic demand in this preparation has little to do with final flow rate, anatomical collateral pattern, or patency. The reason for this lack of correlation is still obscure.
Evidence for Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Idiopathic Hypercalciuria
Authors: Fredric L. Coe, Janet M. Canterbury, John J. Firpo, Eric Reiss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Circulating levels of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured in 40 patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) before and during reversal of hypercalciuria with thiazide, and in four normal subjects before and during induction of hypercalciuria with furosemide. 26 patients with IH had elevated serum PTH levels. The remaining patients had normal levels. Although the correlation was not complete, high PTH levels were generally found in patients who had more severe average urinary calcium losses. When initially elevated. PTH levels fell to normal or nearly normal values during periods of thiazide administration lasting up to 22 months. When initially normal, PTH levels were not altered by thiazide. Reversal of hyperparathyroidism by thiazide could not be ascribed to the induction of hypercalcemia, since serum calcium concentration failed to rise in a majority of patients. Renal hypercalciuria produced by furosemide administration elevated serum PTH to levels equivalent to those observed in patients with IH. The findings in this study help to distinguish between several current alternative views of IH and its relationship to hyperparathyroidism. Alimentary calcium hyperabsorption cannot be the major cause of IH with high PTH levels, because this mechanism could not elevate PTH. Idiopathic hypercalciuria cannot be a variety of primary hyperparathyroidism, as this disease is usually defined, because PTH levels are not elevated in all patients and, when high, are lowered by reversal of hypercalciuria. Primary renal loss of calcium could explain the variable occurrence of reversible hyperparathyroidism in IH, since renal hypercalciuria from furosemide elevates serum PTH in normal subjects. Consequently, a reasonable working hypothesis is that IH is often due to a primary renal defect of calcium handling that leads, by unknown pathways, to secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Abstract 4562: Superior targeting of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) with recombinant monoclonal antibody mixtures
Authors: Mikkel W. Pedersen, Helle J. Jacobsen, Thomas T. Poulsen, Per J. Meijer, Michael Kragh
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is involved in development and maintenance of malignant phenotypes of several human cancers and therefore represent an attractive therapeutic target. Trastuzumab is currently the only anti-HER2 antibody approved for treatment of human cancers and although succesful more efficacious treatments are warranted. Mixtures of recombinant monoclonal antibodies are promising candidates as the next generation of antibody therapeutics due to their multipotent activities. The aim of the present study was to identify mixtures of anti-HER2 antibodies with superior activity to existing monoclonal antibodies. Anti-HER2 antibodies were raised in mice by immunizations with HER-2 in different antigen presenting formats. A large antibody repertoire consisting of approximately 150 unique anti-HER-2 antibodies was cloned from the mice using the mSymplex™ technology. Based on a thorough sequence and binding analysis, 40 antibodies were selected for functional evaluation. The 40 antibodies were tested as individual antibodies and in mixtures of two and three for the ability to inhibit the growth of four human cancer cell lines using a standard viability assay. In total, more than 1300 mixtures were evaluated for ability to inhibit growth of the four cell lines. The 20 mixtures with the highest levels of growth inhibition were further characterized with regard to potency (IC50) and ability to engage in ADCC and CDC. The results demonstrated that HER2 mixtures were superior to trastuzumab, pertuzumab and the mixture of the two at inhibiting the growth of seven of the 10 cell lines investigated. Interestingly, the mixtures also inhibited the growth of the trastuzumab resistant breast cancer cell line HCC202, reflecting the differentiated mechanisms of anti-HER2 antibody mixtures. In vivo, anti-HER2 mixtures had superior activity compared to the monoclonal anti-HER2 antibody trastuzumab in two models of human gastric cancer. Based on these results, a candidate mixture was selected and referred to as Sym005. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that the novel antibody mixture Sym005 has a unique set of HER2 inhibitory mechanisms, which translates into superior anti-cancer activity in HER2-positive tumor xenografts. Furthermore, the results provide a clear rationale for evaluation of Sym005 in clinical trials on patients with HER2 positive tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4562. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4562
Near fatal drug interactions with methotrexate given for psoriasis.
Authors: H W Ng, A W Macfarlane, R M Graham, J L Verbov
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Undescended testes in low birthweight infantsCryptorchidism is a known risk factor for infertility and testicular malignancy.The reported incidence is rising and is now over 2%,' bilateral abnormality occurring in 10-25% of cases.Undescended testes are more common in low birthweight infants,2 but there is little detailed information on this subgroup.We collected extensive data on preterm infants, enabling us to determine the incidence of cryptorchidism and its associations.
Association Between Metformin Therapy and Mortality After Breast Cancer
Authors: Iliana C. Lega, Peter C. Austin, Andrea Gruneir, Pamela J. Goodwin, Paula A. Rochon, Lorraine L. Lipscombe
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Metformin has been associated with a reduction in breast cancer risk and may improve survival after cancer through direct and indirect tumor-suppressing mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of metformin therapy on survival in women with breast cancer using methods that accounted for the duration of treatment with glucose-lowering therapies.
Welsh Assembly considers introducing opt-out scheme for organ donation
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Wales has moved a step closer to being the first part of the United Kingdom to introduce an opt-out scheme for organ donation.

A proposed legislative competence order (a form of secondary legislation) relating to organ and tissue donation has been laid before the Welsh Assembly. The aim of the order is to transfer specific powers from the UK parliament to the assembly in relation to consent to organ donation. It would allow Welsh ministers to introduce a system of presumed consent to organ donation.

Edwina Hart, the assembly’s …