tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Progress involving new techniques for liposome preparation
Authors: Zhenjun Huang, Xuan Li, Ting Zhang, Yanzhi Song, Zhennan She, Jing Li, Yihui Deng
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2014)

The article presents a review of new techniques being used for the preparation of liposomes. A total of 28 publications were examined. In addition to the theories, characteristics and problems associated with traditional methods, the advantages and drawbacks of the latest techniques were reviewed. In the light of developments in many relevant areas, a variety of new techniques are being used for liposome preparation and each of these new technique has particular advantages over conventional preparation methods. However, there are still some problems associated with these new techniques that could hinder their applications and further improvements are needed. Generally speaking, due to the introduction of these latest techniques, liposome preparation is now an improved procedure. These applications promote not only advances in liposome research but also the methods for their production on an industrial scale.
Among circulating hematopoietic cells, B-CLL uniquely expresses functional EPAC1, but EPAC1-mediated Rap1 activation does not account for PDE4 inhibitor-induced apoptosis
Authors: Sanjay Tiwari, Kyriacos Felekkis, Eun-Yi Moon, Amanda Flies, David H. Sherr, Adam Lerner
Journal: Blood (2003)
The American Society for Clinical Investigation — the first 100 years
Authors: Paul A. Marks
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

The annual Atlantic City meeting of the Young Turks was an exciting event--an opportunity to hear great science, to explore career opportunities, and to meet and make friends. Though the 1950s, '60s, and '70s, the meetings remained relatively intimate, broadly covering the best in medicine and constantly growing until the participants outgrew the Atlantic City venue to eventually spawn the numerous specialty annual meetings that we have today.
The Relationship of Concentrations of Insulin and Proinsulin-Like Molecules With Coronary Heart Disease Prevalence and Incidence: A study of two ethnic groups
Authors: John S Yudkin, A Elizabeth Denver, Vidya Mohamed-Ali, Kaushik L Ramaiya, Dinesh K Nagi, Stephanie Goubet, Donald G McLarty, Andrew Swai
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

To define the potential role of proinsulin-like molecules as risk factors for cardiovascular disease.Fasting concentrations of proinsulin, des-31,32-proinsulin, and insulin, and of insulin 2 h after a 75-g glucose load, were measured in 1,034 nondiabetic europid subjects and 257 south Asian subjects and related to prevalent coronary heart disease (Minnesota-coded electrocardiographic criteria or ischemic chest pain). In 137 south Asian subjects, the fasting concentrations were related to incident coronary heart disease over a 6.5-year follow-up.The standardized odds ratios for prevalent coronary heart disease were as follows: fasting insulin, 1.29 (1.11-1.49), P = 0.0006; 2-h insulin, 1.25 (1.08-1.45), P = 0.003; proinsulin, 1.23 (0.99-1.53), P = 0.058; and des-31,32-proinsulin, 1.32 (1.03-1.69), P = 0.026. The odds ratios were similar in the two ethnic groups. These relationships became insignificant when controlling for age, sex, and BMI. The standardized odds ratios for incident coronary heart disease were as follows: fasting insulin, 0.99 (0.63-1.55), P = 0.97; proinsulin, 1.13 (0.72-1.78), P = 0.59; and des-31,32-proinsulin, 1.00 (0.61-1.63), P = 1.00.We have found similar relationships between concentrations of proinsulin-like molecules and prevalent coronary heart disease, as are observed for insulin in these nondiabetic subjects, although these molecules comprise only approximately 10% of all insulin-like molecules. It appears biologically implausible that these relationships represent cause and effect.
Determinants of Mild Gestational Hyperglycemia and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Large Dutch Multiethnic Cohort
Authors: Rob N.M. Weijers, Dick J. Bekedam, Yvo M. Smulders
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

The purpose of this study was to identify independent determinants of mild gestational hyperglycemia (MGH) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to assess the correlation between fasting glucose and C-peptide levels among control, MGH, and GDM women.A total of 1,022 consecutive women were evaluated with a 1-h 50-g glucose challenge test (GCT) at between 16 and 33 weeks of gestation. Women with a capillary whole-blood glucose > or =7.8 mmol/l in the GCT underwent a 3-h 100-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). On the basis of a positive GCT, the women with a positive OGTT were classified as GDM, whereas the women with a negative OGTT were classified as MGH. The following data were collected for all women: age, prepregnancy BMI, ethnicity, clinical and obstetric history, pregnancy outcome, and C-peptide level.A total of 813 women (79.6%) were normal, 138 (13.5%) had MGH, and 71 (6.9%) had GDM. There was a stepwise significant increase in mean fasting glucose (3.6 +/- 0.4, 3.9 +/- 0.4, and 4.7 +/- 0.7 mmol/l, respectively) and C-peptide level (0.60 [0.1-2.4], 0.86 [0.3-2.0], and 1.00 [0.5-1.6] nmol/l, respectively) among the three diagnostic groups. Maternal age, non-Caucasian ethnicity, and prepregnancy BMI were associated with GDM, whereas only maternal age and prepregnancy BMI were associated with MGH. A positive correlation between levels of fasting glucose and C-peptide was found in control women (r = 0.39 [95% CI 0.31-0.46]). A similar result was seen in MGH women (r = 0.38 [95% CI 0.23-0.52]), whereas the correlation between fasting glucose and C-peptide was nearly lost in GDM women (r = 0.14 [CI -0.09 to 0.36]). The fasting C-peptide-to-glucose ratio was reduced by 60% in GDM patients versus control subjects and MGH patients (0.41 +/- 0.25 vs. 0.70 +/- 0.20 and 0.73 +/- 0.23, P < 0.001).Of the well-known independent determinants of GDM, only maternal age and prepregnancy BMI were associated with MGH. It appears that additional factors promoting loss of beta-cell function distinguish MGH from GDM. One of these factors appears to be ethnicity.
Definition of the sudden infant death syndrome
Authors: C Rambaud, C Guilleminault, P Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - The definition of the sudden infant death syndrome was called into question at the second international conference on the syndrome, in February 1992. As no consensus could be reached it was decided to keep the 1969 Beckwith definition: “the death of an infant or young child, which is unexpected by history and in whom a thorough necropsy examination fails to reveal an adequate cause of death.”

The issue is what constitutes an “adequate cause of death.” To base the definition of the sudden infant death syndrome on a diagnosis of exclusion is questionable. There is no current consensus on the minimum postmortem investigations that are needed to ensure …
Endogenous foxp3+ T-regulatory cells suppress anti-glomerular basement membrane nephritis
Authors: Joshua D. Ooi, Sarah L. Snelgrove, Daniel R. Engel, Katharina Hochheiser, Isis Ludwig-Portugall, Yuji Nozaki, Kim M. O'Sullivan, Michael J. Hickey, Stephen R. Holdsworth, Christian Kurts, A. Richard Kitching
Journal: Kidney International (2011)
Superiority of F-18 FDG PET Imaging for Detection of a Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Ravi Sood, Anna Story, Monica A. Rossleigh, Walter Haindl, Jennifer Guille, Dilo Pillai
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

A 31-year-old pregnant patient presented at 13 weeks gestation with a discharging Bartholin's cyst and was found to be hypertensive and diabetic. The biochemical evaluation confirmed pheochromocytoma (PHEO) as a cause of her hypertension. Because PHEO is a potentially surgically curable cause of hypertension and may be fatal if left untreated, a quest for its definitive localization was undertaken. PHEO was not detected on either anatomic (MRI/CT) or functional (I-123 MIBG SPECT) imaging. Absence of cardiac uptake on I-123 MIBG supported the presence of PHEO. Coincidence PET using F-18 FDG detected the occult tumor. A paraaortic extraadrenal abdominal PHEO was resected, resulting in resolution of her hypertension.
XYY Genotype
Authors: Avery A. Sandberg, Takaaki Ishihara, Lois H. Crosswhite, George F. Koepf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

THE phenotypic manifestations resulting from sex-chromosome abnormalities in man have been fairly well defined for a number of conditions involving abnormal X-chromosome dosage (XXY, XXX, XXXX, XO and so forth), but not for the XYY male, owing to the apparent rarity of this condition. Previous communications1 , 2 have described the cytogenetic and clinical aspects of an adult male with the XYY chromosome constitution, the first patient with this abnormal karyotypic picture. The present paper describes some of the clinical and cytogenetic facets of another subject with the XYY syndrome.Clinical DataThe patient, a twelve-year-old boy, was found to have undescended . . .
TCT-485 Short-Duration Versus Guideline-Recommended 12-Month Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Drug-Eluting Stents Implantation
Authors: Giulio G. Stefanini, Georgios Siontis, Davide Cao, Dik Heg, Peter Jüni, Stephan Windecker
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Abstract 4525: Targeting ROS to kill cisplatin-resistant cells
Authors: Medhi Wangpaichitr, Chunjing Wu, M.t. Kuo, Min You, Vy Dinh, Lynn Feun, Niramol Savaraj
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Cisplatin (CP) resistance remains a major problem in the treatment of both small cell and non small cell lung cancer. We have previously shown that inhibiting mTOR can restore CP sensitivity; however, not all CP resistant cell lines are sensitive to mTOR inhibitor. Our findings have led us to search for an alternative target in these CP resistant cells. We have discovered that CP resistant cells share one common biochemical parameter which is increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) when compared to normal cells and their parental cells counterpart. Thus, further increased ROS in these CP resistant cells can push them beyond their tolerance limit which ultimately leads to cell death. We have found that increased expression of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) and lower levels of thioredoxin (Trx) correlate with the high levels of ROS seen in CP resistant cell lines. Using elesclomol (N′1, N′3-dimethyl-N′1, N′3- bis [phenylcarbonothioyl] propanedihydrazide (formerly STA-4783, provided by Synta Pharmaceuticals)), an agent which is known to increase ROS, we demonstrated that elesclomol can increase H2O2 levels in CP resistant lung cancer cell lines (CP-R). Moreover, elesclomol is also significantly more cytotoxic toward CP-R with the ID50 dosage of 4-10 fold less than their parental cells (PC) counterpart and normal cells, BJ-1 (see table below). The percentage of apoptosis is also significantly higher in CP-R (65%) vs. PC (3%). The cytotoxic effect of elesclomol in CP-R is accompanied by further decrease in Trx and glutathione (GSH) antioxidant systems, while opposite results were found in PC and normal cells. This cytotoxic effect can be reversed by an antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 0.1mM). Furthermore, we have also found that elesclomol also increased intracellular CP and hence enhanced CP sensitivity in CP-R cells. We conclude that elesclomol is highly effective in CP resistant cells which express high basal levels of ROS and should be considered for treatment of CP resistant tumor.ID50 Dosage of Elesclomol in Parental (PC) vs. Cisplatin Resistant (CP-R) Lung Cancer Cell Lines SCLC1(PC)SCLCSR2(CP-R)SCLCB(PC)SCLCBC (CP-R)NSCLCS(PC)NSCLCSC(CP-R)BJ1Elesclomol(nM)50+/−2.55+/−0.541+/−3.89+/−1.259+/−4.610+/−2.265+/−5.5 Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4525.
Abstract 240: Natural antioxidants exhibit chemopreventive characteristics through the regulation of CNC-bZip transcription factors in estrogen-induced breast carcinogenesis
Authors: Anwesha Chatterjee, Amruta Ronghe, Fatma Abdalla, Hari K. Bhat
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Epidemiological data and studies in rodent models strongly support the role of estrogens in the development of breast cancers. Exact mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of estrogen-related cancers are not clear. Literature evidence and our studies strongly support the role of estrogen metabolism mediated oxidative stress in estrogen-induced breast carcinogenesis. We have recently demonstrated that antioxidants vitamin C (VC) or butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) severely inhibit 17β-estradiol (E2)-induced breast tumor development in female ACI rats. The objective of this study was to characterize the role of CNC b-zip transcription factors in antioxidant-mediated prevention of breast cancer. Human non-neoplastic breast epithelial cell line MCF-10A was treated with E2, VC, VC + E2, Resveratrol (Res) and Res + E2 for up to 72 hrs. mRNA and protein expression levels of phase-II detoxifying enzymes SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, GPx, NQO1 and transcription factors from CNC b-zip family: Nrf1, Nrf2 and Nrf3 were quantified after treatment with E2 and compared with that of cells treated with antioxidants either alone or in combination with E2. The mRNA as well as protein expression levels of SOD3 and NQO1 were suppressed in MCF-10A cells treated with E2. There was no change in mRNA and protein expression levels of SOD1, SOD2 and GPX in MCF-10A cells treated with E2. Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression levels were also significantly suppressed in E2-treated MCF-10A cells. Vitamin C or Res treatment prevented E2-mediated decrease in SOD3, NQO1 and Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression levels. A significant increase in Nrf1 mRNA and protein expression levels in MCF-10A cells treated with E2 was noted. Further, treatment with antioxidants Res or VC also increased mRNA and protein expression levels of Nrf1. Nrf3 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly increased in MCF-10A cells treated with E2. This induction was overcome by co-treatment with E2 and VC or Res. Our studies demonstrate that antioxidant-mediated protection against estrogen-induced breast cancer could be through up regulation of phase-II detoxifying enzymes via an Nrf-dependent pathway involving a complex interplay among Nrfs 1, 2 and 3. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Anwesha Chatterjee, Amruta Ronghe, Fatma Abdalla, Hari K. Bhat. Natural antioxidants exhibit chemopreventive characteristics through the regulation of CNC-bZip transcription factors in estrogen-induced breast carcinogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 240. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-240
Relationship of Postload Plasma Glucose to Mortality With 19-Yr Follow-Up. Comparison of one versus two plasma glucose measurements in the Chicago Peoples Gas Company Study
Authors: Olga Vaccaro, Karen J Ruth, Jeremiah Stamler
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship of one versus two postload plasma glucose measurements to 19-yr mortality in men in the Chicago Peoples Gas Company Study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS One-hour postload plasma glucose was measured twice (1.4 yr apart, 1965–1967) for 873 nondiabetic men 34–65 yr of age. Serum cholesterol, blood pressure, height, and weight were measured. Data on smoking habits were obtained. Mortality follow-up was complete through July 1986, 19 yr after second glucose load. RESULTS In prospective analyses, with each of three glucose values—first, second, and mean of first and second—coronary, cardiovascular, and all-cause age-adjusted mortality rates were higher in quintiles 3, 4, and 5 compared with quintile 1, with a significant linear trend. Multivariate analyses with glycemia as a continuous variable confirmed a positive independent association between plasma glucose and mortality endpoints with first measurement and mean of two values but not with second. With dichotomization of plasma glucose (≥ 11.2 mM [≥ 200 mg/dl]) for 30 men hyperglycemic both times, CHD and CVD death rates were significantly higher (odds ratios 2.3–2.7) compared with those for 758 men consistently nonhyperglycemic. In contrast, for those hyperglycemic once only, death rates were not significantly higher. Results of multivariate analyses were consistent with these findings. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate a significant relationship of asymptomatic hyperglycemia on repeat examinations to coronary and cardiovascular mortality independent of other factors measured in the study.
Do chronic cigarette smokers forget people's names?
Authors: D J Weeks
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Do chronic cigarette smokers forget people's names?There is evidence that cigarette smoking encourages the formation of generalised atherosclerosis.' 2 This could impair arterial blood supply to the brain and thus cause a functional deficiency that would show up on psychometric testing.We have just completed a controlled study concerned with this question. Subjects, methods, and resultsTen addresses were randomly selected by specially trained interviewers in each of 11 different geographical areas of Edinburgh.When there was no response or a potential subject declined to participate a neighbour was randomly substituted.From this pool of 110 subjects a colleague blindly matched two groups of 37 subjects each, one group comprising smokers, the other non-smokers.The groups were matched for verbal intelligence, perceptual aptitude, age, sex, educational level, social class, and consumption of alcohol (table).Data on minor psychiatric symptoms, neuroticism, and extraversion were available but not used in the group matching procedure.Nevertheless, the groups did not differ significantly on these variables (table).Comparison of group of smokers with matched group of non-smokers Variable Smokers Non-smokers DifferenceDaily cigarette intake 20 (range 3-35) Nil Duration of smoking (years) 27-5 (range 3-40) -
Preventing postoperative thrombosis.
Authors: G. E. Moloney, R. H. Fell
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Accidental Poisoning in Childhood SIR,-While welcoming the attention directed by Dr. R. H. Jackson and others (26 October, p. 245) and Dr. W. P. Sweet- nam (16 November, p.. 453) to the growing problem of accidental poisoning in child- hood, I would like to correct a statement of fact (16 November, p. 453) that there were 1,000 hospital beds in daily use."The estimated number of beds in use during 1965 for cases of accidental poisoning
Hemolysis of mouse erythrocytes by ferriprotoporphyrin IX and chloroquine. Chemotherapeutic implications.
Authors: A C Chou, C D Fitch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Incubation of a 0.5% suspension of washed normal mouse erythrocytes with ferriprotoporphyrin IX (FP) for 2.5 h at 37 degrees C and pH 7.4 results in sufficient membrane damage to produce hemolysis. A sigmoidal dose-response curve is followed with 50% hemolysis being produced by 4 microM FP. Complete hemolysis is produced by 6 microM FP. The hemolytic process has at least two phases: a lag phase of approximately 45 min, during which little hemolysis occurs, and a phase characterized by rapid hemolysis. Chloroquine, which binds tightly to FP, enhances the effect of FP by eliminating the lag phase. Under the conditions of these experiments, maximum enhancement is observed with chloroquine concentrations in the range of 5-25 microM. Since FP is produced when malaria parasites digest hemoglobin, it may mediate a chemotherapeutic effect of chloroquine by forming a complex with the drug that could enhance the toxicity of FP for biological membranes, including those of the parasite.
THE EFFECT OF TESTICULAR EXTRACT ON FILTERABLE VIRUSES
Authors: Donald C. Hoffman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

The Reynals factor promotes the pathogenic action of the viruses of herpes, vesicular stomatitis of horses, Borna disease, and vaccinia. The heightening of virulence is revealed in various ways. The effects of the viruses may be accentuated; or a weak strain converted into a strong one, as in the case of the F. strain of herpes virus; or the power acquired to infect resistant species or tissues, as, e.g., rabbits and the abdominal skin of guinea pigs, with acute vesicular stomatitis. The Reynals factor should serve as an important agent in the study of filterable viruses.
Extrahepatic metastases occur in a minority of hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with locoregional therapies: Analyzing patterns of progression in 285 patients
Authors: Seanthan Senthilnathan, Khairuddin Memon, Robert J. Lewandowski, Laura Kulik, Mary F. Mulcahy, Ahsun Riaz, Frank H. Miller, Vahid Yaghmai, Paul Nikolaidis, Edward Wang, Talia Baker, Michael Abecassis, Al B. Benson, Reed A. Omary, Riad Salem
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Although most cancers are considered predominantly systemic processes, this may not hold true for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The literature regarding patterns of progression of HCC (local versus systemic) has been relatively sparse. Our objectives were to: (1) analyze patterns of progression in HCC patients presenting with intrahepatic disease from initial treatment until death, and (2) identify clinically relevant risk factors for the development of metastases. Over a 9-year period, 285 patients treated with transarterial locoregional therapies underwent scheduled imaging follow-up from treatment until death and were categorized by pattern of progression: (i) intrahepatic (increased tumor enhancement/size, development/progression of vascular invasion, new hepatic lesions) progression or (ii) extrahepatic (adrenal/bone/lung/lymph node) metastases. Uni/multivariate analyses assessing the risk factors for the development of metastases were performed. The median time from last scan to death was 2.4 months (interquartile range: 1.3-4.8 months). The time to development of metastases, vascular invasion, and/or new lesions was 13.8 months (confidence interval: 11.3-17.7 months). Of the 209 patients followed until death, only 50 developed extrahepatic metastases (24%). Multivariate analyses identified age <65 years (P = 0.038), alpha-fetoprotein >200 ng/mL (P = 0.04), and vascular invasion (P = 0.017) as significant predictors of metastases development.Knowledge of the risk factors associated with the development of metastases may help guide assessment of patient prognosis. Because 76% of patients presenting with local disease treated with locoregional therapies die without developing extrahepatic metastases, the notion of HCC as a systemic disease, as detected by imaging, may be reconsidered.