tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Identification of a subset of murine natural killer cells that mediates rejection of Hh-1d but not Hh-1b bone marrow grafts.
Authors: C L Sentman, J Hackett, V Kumar, M Bennett
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

NK cells demonstrate many immune functions both in vitro and in vivo, including the lysis of tumor or virus-infected cells and the rejection of bone marrow allografts. However it remains unclear whether or not all NK cells can mediate these various functions or if NK cells exist in functionally distinct subsets. We have developed a new NK-specific mAb, SW5E6, which binds to approximately 50% of murine NK cells. The 5E6 antigen identifies a distinct and stable subset of NK cells and is expressed on about one-half of fresh or rIL-2-activated murine NK cells. Both 5E6+ and 5E6- NK cells are capable of lysing YAC-1 tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. By treating animals with SW5E6, we demonstrate that the 5E6+ subset is necessary for the rejection of H-2d/Hh-1d but not H-2b/Hh-1b bone marrow cells. Thus NK cells exist as functionally separable subsets in vivo.
Outcome of patient with life threatening ventricular arrhythmias
Authors: M. Kothan, B. Bagheri, S. Hessen, A. Verma, M. Cordero, W. Ahmar, F.E. Marchtinski, C. Gottlieb, J. Heo, A.E. Iskandnan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Effect of storage on succinic dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase activity in aortic and pulmonary valve homografts
Authors: K. GIBSON, N. AL-JANABI, D. N. ROSS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1973)

Succinic dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase activities have been measured in aortic and pulmonary valve homografts after various storage times in antibiotic media. There was a rapid decrease in succinic dehydrogenase activity within the first four days of storage. There was a gradual increase in acid phosphatase activity during storage, reaching a peak at 20 days.
Molecular characterization of the C3HfB/HeN H-2Kkm2 mutation. Implications for the molecular basis of alloreactivity.
Authors: J M Vogel, A C Davis, D M McKinney, M McMillan, W J Martin, R S Goodenow
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

The C3HfB/HeN (C3Hf) mouse strain expresses an H-2Kk molecule, previously denoted H-2Kkv1, that is structurally and functionally distinct from H-2Kk of the parental C3H strain. By molecular genetic analysis, we demonstrate that the C3Hf H-2K gene carries a homozygous coding region mutation relative to the C3H allele, revealing that C3Hf meets the requirements for assignment of a mutant haplotype, H-2km2. C3Hf H-2Kkm2 bears a single clustered substitution of four nucleotides within 14 contiguous nucleotides in exon 3. Since this sequence also is present intact at the homologous position in H-2Dk of both C3H and C3Hf, the origin of the H-2Kkm2 mutation is consistent with a nonreciprocal sequence transfer from the H-2Dk donor gene, analogous to the mechanism proposed for generation of the H-2Kb mutations. The H-2Kkm2 mutation encodes three clustered amino acid substitutions, at positions 95, 98, and 99, that map to one of the large beta strands at the bottom of the peptide antigen binding cleft of the H-2Kkm2 molecule. The nature and location of these amino acid substitutions are unique relative to any other known H-2 mutant or HLA variant, and underscore the importance of the beta-pleated sheet in influencing CTL recognition. These results indicate that H-2Kkm2 alloantigenicity may derive largely from altered presentation of self cellular peptides.
Basal cell carcinoma development is associated with induction of the expression of the transcription factor Gli‐1
Authors: None Green, None Leigh, None Poulsom, None Quinn
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

Recent work has established that activation of Hedgehog/patched signalling plays a key role in the development of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). In Drosophila the effects of hedgehog signalling are mediated by the transcription factor Cubitus interruptus, which is homologous to the mammalian Gli family of transcription factors. In order to investigate the downstream consequences of patched gene inactivation in BCCs, we have investigated the expression of Gli‐1 and Gli‐3 in normal skin and BCCs by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and in situ hybridization. Gli‐3 was found to be expressed in both normal skin and BCCs by both RT‐PCR and in situ hybridization using a Gli‐3‐specific probe. Using a sensitive RT‐PCR assay we were unable to detect Gli‐1 transcripts in normal skin. Gli‐1 was expressed in 13 of 14 BCCs examined, and in situ hybridization confirmed that the transcripts were localized to the epithelial component of the tumours. Our results demonstrate that inactivation of the patched gene BCCs is associated with the accumulation of Gli‐1 transcripts. These findings suggest that the Gli‐1 transcription factor plays a key role in BCC development.
Lymphocyte and neuronal antigens in neuropsychiatric lupus: presence of an elutable, immunoprecipitable lymphocyte/neuronal 52 kd reactivity.
Authors: J A Denburg, S A Behmann
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1994)

OBJECTIVE--To examine specific lymphocyte or neuronal antigens immuno-precipitated by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) sera. METHOD--SLE sera were screened for the presence of antibodies binding to surface antigens of CD4(+) HUT-78 or SK-N-SH and IMR-6 neuroblastoma cells using Western blotting or radioimmunoprecipitation. RESULTS--IgG eluates from both lymphocytes and neuroblastoma cells recognised a 52 kd band in HUT 78 cell lysates. Eight sera studied further using radioimmunoprecipitation also demonstrated binding to a 52 kd antigen (4/8 on HUT-78, 8/8 on SK-N-SH cells), partially depleted by absorption with viable HUT-78. CONCLUSION--A 52 kd antigen recognised by SLE sera on lymphocytes and neuronal cells may play a role in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric-SLE.
Pathology of the liver in budd-chiari syndrome: Portal vein thrombosis and the histogenesis of veno-centric cirrhosis, veno-portal cirrhosis, and large regenerative nodules
Authors: Masaya Tanaka, Ian R. Wanless
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Hepatic vein (HV) thrombosis causes ascites, hepatomegaly, and severe congestion of the liver (Budd-Chiari syndrome [BCS]). Severe hepatic fibrosis develops in this syndrome with a variety of histological patterns. Some livers have a pattern of cirrhosis in which there is fibrous bridging between HVs and portal tracts (veno-portal cirrhosis). Other livers have a pattern of "reversed-lobulation cirrhosis" (veno-centric cirrhosis), in which fibrous bridging between HVs and portal tracts is minimal. The prevalence and pathogenesis of these forms of cirrhosis and the effect of portal vein (PV) thrombosis in this disease have not been studied. We examined 15 resected livers from patients with BCS to determine the distribution of vascular obstruction and the character of the parenchymal response. Six livers had veno-portal cirrhosis, and all of these had severe PV obliteration caused by thrombosis. Three livers had veno-centric cirrhosis and had normal medium and large PVs. The remaining six livers had mixed veno-centric/veno-portal cirrhosis and had moderate PV obliteration. The nodules in veno-centric cirrhosis had evidence of an unusual circulation with small arteries supplying a midzonal venous plexus that appeared to drain retrogradely into patent small PVs. Nine livers had large regenerative nodules histologically similar to focal nodular hyperplasia. PV thrombosis is a frequent occurrence in BCS. The correlation between PV thrombosis and the pattern of cirrhosis suggests a role for PV obliteration in the genesis of veno-portal bridging fibrosis in this disease and possibly in other diseases leading to cirrhosis.
Fasting Blood Glucose and the Risk of Stroke and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Joohon Sung, Yun-Mi Song, Shah Ebrahim, Debbie A. Lawlor
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Although diabetes is a well-known risk factor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, the cardiovascular disease risk of glycemia below the current diabetic threshold remains uncertain.A total of 652,901 Korean men aged 30 to 64 years from the Korean National Health Insurance System were categorized into 8 groups by fasting blood glucose (FBG) level at baseline and were followed up for cardiovascular diseases occurrence during 1992-2001. Over the follow-up period of 8.8 years, 10,954 stroke and 3766 myocardial infarction events occurred. In age-adjusted analyses, there was evidence of linear associations between FBG and myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke. However, with additional adjustment for socioeconomic position, behaviors, and other cardiovascular disease risk factors, the associations with myocardial infarction and intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke were markedly attenuated with increased risk only at the highest FBG levels (> or =7.5 mmol/L). With full adjustment, the association with ischemic stroke persisted; a linear increase in the risk of ischemic stroke was observed from FBG level of 5.6 mmol/L. When the analyses were repeated with those persons who had been diagnosed with diabetes removed, there was no evidence of associations of FBG with intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke, but the association with ischemic stroke persisted.In this Korean male population, the association with high FBG differed between ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke, and myocardial infarction. The linear increase in the risk of ischemic stroke, independently of other cardiovascular risk factors, was observed at a level below the current FBG criteria for impaired fasting glucose (> or =5.6 mmol/L). However, for other cardiovascular diseases, the current cutoff for diagnosing diabetes appropriately identified Korean men at risk.
Identification of a High-Risk Subset of Patients Undergoing Infrainguinal Bypass Surgery
Authors: Tiffany Wu, Fred Weaver, Steven Katz
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

In conclusion, the preferred approach for patients with severely symptomatic polycystic liver disease with preserved liver and renal function is hepatic resection with drainage, partial liver resection, sclerosis, and marsupialization of the remaining cysts.This safe and feasible strategy helps patients avoid a liver transplant, experience resolution of their symptoms, and have an improved quality of life.Our series of patients experienced long-term success in eradiating symptoms after the majority of them had failed previous, less aggressive surgical options.There were no major complications, no need for reoperation, and no deaths.The use of postoperative long-acting octreotide has the potential to reduce the growth of remaining cysts and prevent new cysts from developing, and it should be considered in the management of these patients after surgery.
Inspector General James Barry MD: putting the woman in her place.
Authors: B. Hurwitz, R. Richardson
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Edinburgh in 1812, at the age of only 17. Barry's MD thesis, in Latin, was on hernia of the groin.'As its epigraph it had a quotation from the classical dramatist Menander, which urged the examiners: "Do not consider my youth, but whether I show a man's wisdom."2No one spotted the real meaning of these words, and Barry proceeded to walk the wards as a pupil dresser at the United Hospitals of Guy's and St Thomas's under the tutelage of Astley Cooper.In January 1813 Dr Barry was "examined
A 25-Year Longitudinal Evaluation of Gastric Emptying in Diabetes
Authors: Jessica Chang, Antonietta Russo, Michelle Bound, Christopher K. Rayner, Karen L. Jones, Michael Horowitz
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

To evaluate the natural history of gastric emptying in diabetes.Thirteen patients with diabetes (12, type 1; 1, type 2) had measurements of gastric emptying, blood glucose levels, glycated hemoglobin, upper gastrointestinal symptoms, and autonomic nerve function at baseline and after 24.7 ± 1.5 years.There was no change in gastric emptying of either solids (% retention at 100 min) (baseline 58.5 ± 5% vs. follow-up 51.9 ± 8%; P = 0.35) or liquids (50% emptying time) (baseline 29.8 ± 3 min vs. follow-up 34.3 ± 6 min; P = 0.37). Gastric emptying of solid at follow-up was related to emptying at baseline (r = 0.56, P < 0.05). At follow-up, blood glucose concentrations were lower (P = 0.006), autonomic function deteriorated (P = 0.03), and gastrointestinal symptoms remained unchanged (P = 0.17).In unselected patients with diabetes, gastric emptying appears remarkably stable over 25 years.
Polypoid Mass in the Stomach
Authors: Ronald A. Seltzer
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>Dr. Donald L. Stone:</h3> This upper-gastrointestinal series is that of a 46-year-old white woman who had experienced some occasional epigastric discomfort for one year, and more recently had been noted to be somewhat pale. She had lost 5 lb (2.3 kg) over the two months prior to this examination. Laboratory data included a guaiac test of the stool which was 2 + and a hemoglobin level of 10.2 gm/100 cc. <h3>Discussion</h3><h3>Dr. Laurence L. Robbins:</h3> Is the fluoroscopist here? <h3>Dr. Willard Perry:</h3> I examined this patient and found a large radiolucent filling defect in the antral portion of the stomach (Fig 1,<i>left</i>). It seemed to vary in size and shape with peristaltic activity (Fig 1,<i>right</i>). It appeared to be on a stalk, but it did not prolapse into the duodenum. I thought a gastric polyp was the most likely diagnosis, although I also suggested a lipoma because of the
Ketoconazole blocks bile acid synthesis in hepatocyte monolayer cultures and in vivo in rat by inhibiting cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase.
Authors: H M Princen, C M Huijsmans, F Kuipers, R J Vonk, H J Kempen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

In cultured hepatocytes conversion of [4-14C]cholesterol into bile acids was dose dependently reduced by the antimycotic drug ketoconazole, giving half-maximal inhibition at 10 microM ketoconazole in rat hepatocytes and at 1 microM in human hepatocytes. No change was observed in the ratio of produced cholic, beta-muricholic, and chenodeoxycholic acid with increasing amounts of the drug. Conversion of [4-14C]7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol, an intermediate of bile acid pathway, to bile acids was not affected by ketoconazole. These results together with kinetic studies with rat liver microsomes, demonstrating noncompetitive inhibition (Ki = 0.4 microM), indicate that cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase is the main site of inhibition. In bile-diverted rats a single dose of ketoconazole (50 mg/kg) dramatically impaired bile flow and biliary bile acid output (92% inhibition). A similar blockade was observed using [4-14C]cholesterol as precursor for bile acid synthesis. Therefore, treatment of patients with this drug may inhibit bile acid synthesis, resulting in a reduction of the bile acid pool size after long-term ketoconazole therapy.
Childhood splenomegaly in Uganda, and its relation to malaria.
Authors: T. M. Vanier, M. S. Hutt, G. C. Cook
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Gastric Surgery-Ashurst BiNL 649wich " technique.In no case were circulating P.C.A. detected postoperatively that had not been found in the preoperative specimen.The incidence of P.C.A. was below the normal range for the age and sex of the patients, but 2 of 22 (9%) patients with gastric cancer showed circulating P.C.A.The failure to demonstrate circulating parietal-cell antibodies in serial specimens of serum taken from patients who had undergone gastric surgery does not support the hypothesis that autoimmunization, is the result of damage to the gastric mucosa.My thanks are due to Mr. T. J. Butler, who suggested this investigation; to Burroughs Wellcome, who kindly gave the fluorescein-labelled anti-human gammaglobulin used in this study; and particularly to Dr. W.
P160 Retrospective study analysing whether optimization of pulmonary vascular enhancement influences diagnostic outcome in the interpretation of CT pulmonary angiograms (CTPA)
Authors: C Trainer, N Schembri, T Taylor
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common cardiovascular emergency and is the most common preventable cause of hospital deaths. Various factors can impact on the diagnostic accuracy of CTPA, which is now considered the 1<sup>st</sup> line investigation for PE diagnosis. Mis-timing of contrast medium administration or cardiac impairment can result in an indeterminate scan through hidden or mimicked emboli. This study focuses on the accuracy of CTPAs in excluding a diagnosis of PE. <h3>Method</h3> This is a single centre study looking at all inpatient and outpatient CTPAs carried out over a 12-month period with matched CTPA and lower limb ultrasound Doppler events selected. Of these matched studies, all positive CTPAs for PE were excluded. Of the remainder, only those studies done within 6 months of the original CTPA were included in the study. CT pulmonary arterial (PA) opacification with intravenous contrast medium was objectively measured in Hounsfield units (HU) using an oval region of interest in the main pulmonary trunk. PA opacification was categorised as very poor (&lt;100 HU), suboptimal (&lt; 200 HU) and optimal (= 200HU) as measured at the PA trunk based on the estimation that a minimal opacification of 100 HU is required for identification of acute emboli and 200 HU is required for identification of chronic emboli. <h3>Results</h3> From the 32 CTPAs included in the study, 28 had a negative initial CTPA with subsequent negative CT or US follow-up. 4 of these cases had an initial negative CTPA with a subsequent positive CTPA or lower limb US Doppler study. Of these latter cases only one initial CTPA was deemed poorly suboptimal (average 174HU) with optimal pulmonary arterial opacification in all other three initial CTPAs. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study demonstrates that despite a large number of initially negative CTPAs undergoing subsequent follow-up imaging due to presumed persistent or recurring patient symptoms, the majority (87.5%) of these negative scans were still negative and only 12.5% were positive for PE. No major pitfall has been identified in local CTPA acquisition technique that may have led to subsequent misses of potentially life-threatening PEs.
Anatomy, Descriptive and Surgical
Authors: Henry Gray
Journal: JAMA (1883)

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SIMPLE REMOVAL OF OCULAR FOREIGN BODIES
Authors: Arthur Alexander Knapp
Journal: JAMA (1952)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —As the author of the article entitled "Simple Removal of Ocular Foreign Bodies," on page 119 of the Jan. 12, 1952, issue ofThe Journal, I take pleasure in answering Dr. Arthur J. Bedell's letter (<i>J. A. M. A.</i><b>148</b>:863 [March 8] 1952) to you, a letter that is fraught with serious implications. Without ascertaining the facts, Dr. Bedell states "the foreign body never was inside of the globe," a statement that strikes at the essence of the paper and that is completely contrary to the fact. Dr. Sol S. Fineman, formerly of the Mayo Clinic and chief of roentgenology at Montefiore Hospital in New York City, reported the BB shot to be in the globe. Competent ophthalmologists have heard this report and have examined slides of these roentgenograms at meetings of the Pan American Congress of Ophthalmology, the Wilkes-Barre Ophthalmological Society, the American Academy of
Treating human autoimmune disease by depleting B cells
Authors: R J Looney
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Rituximab treatment is safe and justifies continued study

The development of rituximab has raised the hope of a new therapeutic approach for autoimmune diseases. In the United Sates rituximab is approved for indolent CD20+ B cell lymphomas, and it is also being evaluated in many different types of lymphomas as well as other B cell malignancies such as Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. World wide more than 300 000 patients with B cell malignancies have been treated with rituximab.1 Because rituximab is generally well tolerated and because it selectively and profoundly depletes B cells, its role in immune mediated diseases, especially autoimmunity, is now also being explored. Two articles in this issue of the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases report the clinical use of rituximab in patients with autoimmune diseases.2,3 The first article consists of three case reports using rituximab in three different autoimmune diseases, and the second reports a series of 22 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with rituximab with various combinations of glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide. Both articles found rituximab was well tolerated, and both concluded that there might have been some therapeutic benefit.

These articles are not the first reports on the use of rituximab in autoimmunity. Indeed, the same group reporting treatment of 22 patients with RA in this issue has previously reported on five patients with RA who had prolonged remission of RA with a three week course of treatment combining high dose, daily glucocorticoids, three weekly doses of rituximab, and two doses of cyclophosphamide.4 Other groups have reported the use of rituximab in idiopathic thrombocytic purpura, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, cold agglutinin disease, and neuropathy associated with monoclonal IgM.5–10 None of these reports was adequately controlled. Thus, additional randomised clinical trials are needed for definitive evaluation of the …
Self-administered Clinical Questionnaire for Outpatients
Authors: J. M. Gumpel, A. M. S. Mason
Journal: BMJ (1974)

A self-administered questionnaire designed for prerecording the routine clinical information required from outpatients has been found to be acceptable to them. Such a questionnaire should greatly ease the collection and recording of basic clinical information and offer the doctor more effective use of his time. With the questionnaire more information was recorded and therefore available in the case notes than at a conventional doctor-patient consultation. No administrative problems occurred in its distribution, use, and return.
Unraveling the Fat Embolism Syndrome
Authors: Timothy C. Fabian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

The fat embolism syndrome is a source of considerable morbidity after blunt trauma and is associated with a mortality of 10 to 20 percent. It has been recognized since the latter part of the 19th century1,2. Nonetheless, the pathophysiology of this syndrome remains incompletely understood, making the pursuit of strategies for its prevention and treatment difficult. The report on the fat embolism syndrome by Pell et al. in this issue of the Journal3 may provide an important direction for future efforts.In 90 percent of instances, the fat embolism syndrome occurs after blunt trauma complicated by long-bone fractures, . . .