tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Styrene Trimer May Increase Thyroid Hormone Levels via Down-Regulation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Target Gene UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase
Authors: Yukie Yanagiba, Yuki Ito, Osamu Yamanoshita, Shu-Yun Zhang, Gen Watanabe, Kazuyoshi Taya, Chun Mei Li, Yuko Inotsume, Michihiro Kamijima, Frank J. Gonzalez, Tamie Nakajima
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

BackgroundStyrene trimers (STs) are polystyrene-container–eluted materials that are sometimes detected in packaged foods. Although the possible endocrine-disrupting effects of STs, such as estrogenic activities, have been reported, their potential thyroid toxicity, such as that caused by the related endocrine disruptor 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), has not been studied in detail.ObjectiveUsing wild-type and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr)–null mice, we investigated whether 2,4,6-triphenyl-1-hexene (ST-1), an isomer of STs, influences thyroxin (T4) levels in the same manner as TCDD, which induces UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) via the AhR, resulting in a decrease in T4 levels in the plasma of mice.MethodsBoth wild-type and Ahr-null mice (five mice per group) were treated for 4 days by gavage with ST-1 (0, 32, or 64 μmol/kg).ResultsHigh-dose (64 μmol/kg) ST-1 decreased the expression of AhR, cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1/2, UGT1A1/A6, and CYP2B10 mRNAs and the enzyme activity for CYP1A and UGT1A only in the wild-type mice. This dose decreased AhR DNA binding, but paradoxically increased AhR translocation to the nucleus. In contrast, a high dose of ST-1 increased T4 levels in the plasma in wild-type mice but did not influence T4 levels in AhR-null mice.ConclusionsAlthough ST-1 treatment might cause an increase in AhR levels in the nucleus by inhibiting AhR export, this chemical down-regulated AhR mRNA, thus leading to down-regulation of AhR target genes and an increase in plasma T4 levels.
Endothelial Function, Adhesion Molecules, and Inflammatory Status in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Gregorio Brevetti, Antonio Silvestro, Tiziana de Cristofaro, Roberta Annecchini, Roxana Bucur, Anna Maria Di Donato, Gabriella Oliva, Francesco Scopacasa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Potentiation of Vascular Myotropic Responses by Metanephrine and other Noncatecholamines
Authors: PHILIP A. KHAIRALLAH, IRVINE H. PAGE, KAZIM R. TURKER
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

Contractile responses of vascular smooth muscle strips (rabbit aorta) to angiotensin, vasopressin and serotonin are potentiated by amounts of metanephrine, ephedrine or tyramine that produce no contractions by themselves. Epinephrine and norepinephrine contractions of aortic strips are not potentiated. Phentolamine and bretylium prevent this potentiating effect of meta-nephrine and ephedrine; the effect of tyramine is blocked by bretylium but only partially by high doses of phentolamine. Contractions of strips pretreated with reserpine are not potentiated except when repleted with norepinephrine. It is suggested as a working hypothesis that low doses of metanephrine release storage norepinephrine which acts on the contractile machinery to potentiate its response to other stimulating agents.
Lapatinib can restore capecitabine sensitivity in HER2-positive breast cancer.
Authors: Y Cha, H Kim, S Han, D Oh, J Kim, S Im, Y Bang, T Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #3157 Background: Lapatinib in combination with capecitabine is an effective treatment option in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) that has progressed after trastuzumab-based therapy. However, the efficacy of lapaptinib plus capecitabine in capacitabine resistant MBC patients and mechanism of sensitivity in these patients is unclear.&amp;#x2028; Methods: In the preclinical part of the study, the effect of lapatinib on 5-FU sensitivity was investigated in a HER2 amplified breast cancer cell line (SKBr3). In the clinical part, MBC patients who progressed after treatments with trastuzumab, anthracycline, and taxane were enrolled in an open-label expanded-access study of lapatinib plus capecitabine (GlaxoSmithKline, USA) at Seoul National University Hospital from Mar 2007 to Apr 2008. Patients received lapatinib (1,250mg/day, 1-21) and capecitabine (2,000mg/m2, D1-14) combination treatment every 3weeks. The clinical data were prospectively collected.&amp;#x2028; Results: In SKBr3 cell line, genes related to 5-FU sensitivity [TS, thymidine kinase 1(TK1), dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and ribonucleotide reductase M2 (RRM2)] were downregulated after lapatinib treatment. These genes were more significantly reduced after lapatinib-treatment compared with gefitinib or trastuzumab. In addition, TS reporter gene expression was enhanced by EGFR/HER2. Nuclear translocation of EGFR/HER2 induced by EGF and its association with TS promoter was effectively abolished by lapatinib. In the clinical study, a total of 37 female patients with HER2-positive MBC were analyzed. Sixteen (43%) patients had previously been treated with capecitabine. Overall response rate (RR) was 27.0% (95% CI 12.7-41.3), and disease control rate (DCR) was 83.8% (95% CI 71.9-95.7). During the median follow-up duration of 9.1 months, median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.6 months (95% CI 4.0-7.2), and median overall survival has not been reached yet. There was no significant difference in RR/DCR and PFS according to prior capecitabine use. Prior capecitabine treatment had been discontinued due to disease progression during treatment in 13 patients. Among these patients with resistance to capecitabine, lapatinib and capecitabine resulted in DCR/PFS comparable to that of patients without exposure to capecitabine. Biomarker analysis of tissue specimen is currently underway and will be presented at the meeting.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Conclusion: Lapatinib plus capecitabine demonstrated clinical activity in capecitabine pretreated MBC. Our data suggests that lapatinib may resensitize capecitabine resistant tumors to capecitabine by downregulation of nuclear EGFR/HER2 and TS. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 3157.
Interleukin 12 synergizes with B7/CD28 interaction in inducing efficient proliferation and cytokine production of human T cells.
Authors: M Kubin, M Kamoun, G Trinchieri
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Several receptors and counter-receptor pairs on T cells and on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) deliver costimulatory signals to T cells during antigen presentation. The CD28 receptor on T cells with its ligand B7 represents one of the best characterized and most important examples of this costimulation. We show here that interleukin 12 (IL-12), a cytokine also produced by APCs (monocyte/macrophages and B cells) and active on T and natural killer cells, has a strong synergistic effect with the B7/CD28 interaction in inducing proliferation and cytokine production in both mitogen-activated and freshly isolated peripheral blood T cells. Together with anti-CD28 antibodies, IL-12 induces proliferation of T cells to levels higher than those obtained with IL-2 stimulation and it is effective at IL-12 concentrations 100- to 1,000-fold lower than effective concentrations of IL-2. The proliferative effect of anti-CD28 and IL-12 is resistant to moderate doses of cyclosporin A and is largely independent of endogenous IL-2, IL-12, in synergy with anti-CD28 or B7-transfected cells, is most effective in inducing interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production, but production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor is also observed. IL-12-induced IFN-gamma production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is inhibited by the chimeric molecule CTLA-4 immunoglobulin, which prevents binding of CD28 to B7, suggesting that endogenous B7 on the mononuclear cells and IL-12 cooperate in inducing IFN-gamma production. IL-10 inhibits both IL-12 production and B7 expression on monocytes. These two effects are largely responsible for the ability of IL-10, acting on accessory cells, to inhibit IFN-gamma production by lymphocytes, because anti-CD28 antibodies and IL-12 can reverse the inhibitory effect of IL-10 on IFN-gamma production. Our results in vitro suggest that the synergy between B7 and IL-12, a surface antigen and a soluble product of APCs, respectively, plays a role in regulating T cell activation and immune response in the microenvironment of inflamed tissues.
Expression of a Novel Human Gene, <b> <i>Human Wings Apart-Like (hWAPL)</i> </b>, Is Associated with Cervical Carcinogenesis and Tumor Progression
Authors: Kosuke Oikawa, Tetsuya Ohbayashi, Tohru Kiyono, Hirotaka Nishi, Keiichi Isaka, Akihiro Umezawa, Masahiko Kuroda, Kiyoshi Mukai
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract In Drosophila melanogaster, the wings apart-like (wapl) gene encodes a protein that regulates heterochromatin structure. Here, we characterize a novel human homologue of wapl (termed human WAPL; hWAPL). The hWAPL mRNA was predominantly expressed in uterine cervical cancer, with weak expression in all other normal and tumor tissues examined. hWAPL expression in benign epithelia was confined to the basal cell layers, whereas in dysplasias it increasingly appeared in more superficial cell layers and showed a significant correlation with severity of dysplasia. Diffuse hWAPL expression was found in all invasive squamous cell carcinomas examined. In addition, NIH3T3 cells overexpressing hWAPL developed into tumors on injection into nude mice. Furthermore, repression of hWAPL expression by RNA interference induced cell death in SiHa cells. These results demonstrate that hWAPL is associated with cell growth, and the hWAPL expression may play a significant role in cervical carcinogenesis and tumor progression.
TCT-690 A new method to select device size for atrial septal defect closure based on the largest defect diameter and area on real time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography.
Authors: Carlos Pedra, Raul Arrieta, Simone Pedra, Rodrigo Costa, Marcelo Ribeiro, Alexandre Abizaid, Valmir Fontes
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Immunofluorescent determination of the lobular distribution of a constitutive form of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450
Authors: David E. Moody, Lorna A. Taylor, Edward A. Smuckler
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

We have used an immunohistochemical approach to study the lobular distribution of constitutive liver microsomal cytochrome P–450. Cytochrome P–450 isolated (10.3 nmoles per mg protein) from hepatic microsomes from untreated, mature male Sprague–Dawley rats was used to produce antisera in rabbits. The IgG fraction produced single precipitin lines of identity with liver microsomes after double immunodiffusion, precipitated 80% of the total microsomal cytochrome P–450 and inhibited three cytochrome P–450–dependent enzyme activities. By these criteria, the IgG appeared to be specific for a constitutive form (or immunochemically related family) of liver microsomal cytochrome P–450. The pattern of fluorescence after indirect immunofluorescent labeling of liver sections depended on the route of tissue preparation and the concentration of primary antibody. In frozen sections, the labeling was uniform throughout the lobule, whereas in “antigen–depleted” paraffin–embedded sections it was heaviest in the centrilobular and midzohal regions. Increasing the concentration of primary antibody to 500 μg per ml inhibited the centrilobular labeling in frozen sections in a concentration–dependent manner. When specific isozymes of cytochrome P–450 were induced with phenobarbital or 3–methylcholanthrene, the constitutive cytochrome P–450 was localized predominantly in the periportal region. Decreases in cytochrome P–450 in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride or 1,2–dibromo–3–chloropropane were associated with antigen loss only in necrotic cells. Regional differences in the loss of antigen in paraffin sections and the inhibition of fluorescence in frozen sections establish that the lobular distribution of constitutive hepatic microsomal cytochrome P–450 is qualitatively heterogeneous and may be altered during hepatocellular responses to chemical treatment.
Experimental itch in sodium lauryl sulphate-inflamed and normal skin in humans: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of histamine and other inducers of itch
Authors: J.S. Thomsen, M. Sonne, E. Benfeldt, S.B. Jensen, J. Serup, T. MennE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Investigations of pruritogenic substances in humans have involved intradermal injections in normal skin; itching of inflamed skin has been little studied.To develop an itch model with provocation of itch in experimentally inflamed skin as well as in normal skin, using subjects as self-controls.In 32 non-atopic volunteers aged 21-30 years, the skin of five selected test sites on one volar forearm was pretreated for 24 h with large Finn chambers containing 1% sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) used as a standard contact irritant to induce inflammation. Twenty microlitres of different pruritogenic substances [histamine, substance P, neurokinin A, neurokinin B, trypsin, platelet-activating factor (PAF) and serotonin] and saline as control were injected intradermally into the inflamed test sites and in corresponding non-treated sites on the opposite forearm. The test individuals scored itch intensity on a visual analogue scale for 20 min, and weal area was then measured. :Histamine and substance P induced itch in both normal and inflamed skin compared with a saline reference. Neurokinin A, trypsin, PAF and serotonin only elicited itch in normal skin, and neurokinin B neither elicited itch in normal skin nor in inflamed skin. Itch was induced in normal and SLS-inflamed skin to a similar magnitude. However, weal area after histamine was significantly (P < 0.001) larger in inflamed skin when compared with normal skin.Histamine and substance P elicited itch to the same degree in normal skin and inflamed skin pretreated with SLS despite a stronger weal response in inflamed skin. Mediators present in inflamed skin did not potentiate itch, a c-fibre-mediated neuronal response. The weal reaction is based on enhanced vascular permeability (protein extravasation). A greater skin perfusion in inflamed skin may therefore have increased the weal size. We propose an experimental model in humans for testing of itch involving both normal and inflamed skin. The model has the potential for use in evaluating new topical and systemic treatments of itch.
The Military Medical System: A Poor Model for a National Health Care Program
Authors: David B. Kee
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To the Editor.—  Captain Roger E. Miller 1 of the Walter Reed Army Medical Center recently wrote a letter of rebuttal to the article by Dr Bronow 2 and the National Organization of Physicians Who Care regarding the potential disaster for a national health  program in this country. In his letter, Captain Miller extols the virtues of the US military medical system. His utopian view of the military medical system, fostered by his association  the army's premier medical center, must not go unchallenged.  As former chief of neurosurgery at a large air force medical center, I must disagree wholeheartedly  the statements made by Captain Miller regarding the supposed benefits of the military medical system. Captain Miller describes a cradle-to-grave medical care system with no out-of-pocket cost to the patient that encompasses over 9 million people. In reality, a significant percentage of children born to military personnel and
Estrogenic potential of certain pyrethroid compounds in the MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line.
Authors: V Go, J Garey, M S Wolff, B G Pogo
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Estrogens, whether natural or synthetic, clearly influence reproductive development, senescence, and carcinogenesis. Pyrethroid insecticides are now the most widely used agents for indoor pest control, providing potential for human exposure. Using the MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line, we studied the estrogenic potential of several synthetic pyrethroid compounds in vitro using pS2 mRNA levels as the end point. We tested sumithrin, fenvalerate, d-trans allethrin, and permethrin. Nanomolar concentrations of either sumithrin or fenvalerate were sufficient to increase pS2 expression slightly above basal levels. At micromolar concentrations, these two pyrethroid compounds induced pS2 expression to levels comparable to those elicited by 10 nM 17ss-estradiol (fivefold). The estrogenic activity of sumithrin was abolished with co-treatment with an antiestrogen (ICI 164,384), whereas estrogenic activity of fenvalerate was not significantly diminished with antiestrogen co-treatment. In addition, both sumithrin and fenvalerate were able to induce cell proliferation of MCF-7 cells in a dose-response fashion. Neither permethrin nor d-trans allethrin affected pS2 expression. Permethrin had a noticeable effect on cell proliferation at 100 microM, whereas d-trans allethrin slightly induced MCF-7 cell proliferation at 10 microM, but was toxic at higher concentrations. Overall, our studies imply that each pyrethroid compound is unique in its ability to influence several cellular pathways. These findings suggest that pyrethroids should be considered to be hormone disruptors, and their potential to affect endocrine function in humans and wildlife should be investigated.
Difficulty With Removal of Plastic Nasogastric Tube
Authors: Ernst J. Drenick
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A variety of complications has been reported in the course of gastrointestinal intubations.<sup>1,2</sup>An additional mishap is described which occurred after a plastic nasogastric feeding tube had remained in the stomach too long and had become rigid. A routine replacement of a size 16 plastic nasogastric tube was attempted in a decerebrate accident victim. The tube had been in place for an unknown period of time, presumably many weeks. When marked resistance to the removal was encountered, x-ray films were taken while a contrast medium was injected into the tube. This maneuver revealed the tube to be patent and positioned along the greater curvature of the stomach. The entire outline was normal down to what appeared to be the distal tip. No reason was evident why the tube could not be pulled out. After prolonged manipulation and some trauma, the tube was finally recovered. The cause
Revolution to a New Standard Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Lee M. Jampol, Neil M. Bressler, Adam R. Glassman
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical Usefulness of a Personal Computer
Authors: Stephen Russell
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The remote telephone linkage of a personal home computer to a hospital laboratory computer offers substantial benefits to attending physicians and their patients. The evolution of computers has recently resulted in widespread hospital applications. Their use in clinical laboratories has helped disseminate patient information, leading to improved care. Paralleling the development and hospital use of the large computer is the use of the small personal microprocessor. Currently, there is widespread application of these relatively inexpensive devices in various medical areas. The remote telephone linkage of a personal home computer to a hospital laboratory computer provides for the retrieval of patient data. The clinical laboratories at Mount Zion Hospital and Medical Center, San Francisco, use a Data General C330 Eclipse central processing unit and Medical Information Technology, Inc (Meditech) software for work load organization and data management. The laboratories provide a full range of virology, microbiology, hematology, chemistry,
Ethical Values at Stake in Health Care Reform
Authors: Charles J. Dougherty
Journal: JAMA (1992)

THERE is every reason to believe that the 1990s will be a decade of significant change in American health care. The number of proposals for reform of the system and the rising chorus of voices demanding change suggest that some major alterations in the system are inevitable.<sup>1</sup>Because the American health care system consumes so much of the gross national product (GNP) and because it is composed of so many powerful interest groups, health care reform will be shaped by myriad economic, political, and bureaucratic factors. But reform in something as fundamental as health care ought not to proceed merely on the basis of self-interest and political accommodations. Ethical values should also play a key role in the debate. In this article some of the central ethical values at stake are articulated in the hope that they will be more readily available for use in the national dialogue on
P897 THE PREDICTORS OF TRANSPLANT FREE SURVIVAL IN FULMINANT AUTOIMMUNE ACUTE LIVER FAILURE: THE ACUTE LIVER FAILURE STUDY GROUP EXPERIENCE
Authors: D. Ganger, R.T. Stravitz, K.R. Reddy, H. Battenhouse, J. Speiser, Z. Lominadze, W. Lee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
THE RELATIONSHIP OF DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY AND CIRCULATING ANTIBODY TO EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC THYROIDITIS IN INBRED GUINEA PIGS
Authors: Philip R. B. McMaster, Edwin M. Lerner, Eurmal D. Exum
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1961)

Strain 13 histocompatible guinea pigs developed allergic thyroiditis after immunization with thyroid extracts derived from the same strain or from other strains of guinea pigs. This thyroiditis appeared as early as 5 days after immunization, and by 7 weeks was uniformly present and generally severe. 7 weeks after immunization, the anti-thyroid antibody titer correlated with the presence and degree of thyroiditis. However, at certain other times after immunization, the titer did not correlate with the thyroiditis. By contrast, all animals with thyroiditis, which were skin-tested with thyroid extract, exhibited delayed hypersensitivity. Moreover, all those which failed to respond with delayed reactions, when skin-tested, had not developed thyroiditis. The present work correlates the presence of experimental allergic thyroiditis with delayed hypersensitivity.