tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reproductive and Maternal Health in the Post-2015 Era: Cervical Cancer Must Be a Priority
Authors: Ruby Singhrao, Megan Huchko, Gavin Yamey
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

N Over the last two decades, there has been unprecedented global action on tackling high maternal mortality rates in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) and on expanding access in these countries to reproductive health interventions, including family planning.N The attention has paid enormous dividends: from 1990 to 2010, the annual number of maternal deaths worldwide fell from 546,000 to 287,000.While this positive trend is cause for celebration, we also believe that the global health community is failing women in a crucial way: it has neglected prevention, screening, and treatment for cervical cancer in LMICs.N Such neglect is difficult to understand.Unlike some other cancers, including selected reproductive cancers, cervical cancer is detectable, highly preventable, and curable if detected early.N There is an enormous international disparity in the incidence of, and survival from, cervical cancer, which are both also closely aligned with country income.N The incidence of cervical cancer is 52.8 per 100,000 women in sub-Saharan Africa compared to 6.8 per 100,000 women in Western countries.Women are more likely to die in low-resource settings due to lack of infrastructure for screening.N In this Essay, we propose four arguments for why cervical cancer screening and treatment should be included when it comes to operationalizing these two goals and thus to improving reproductive and maternal health outcomes.Each of the four arguments is illustrative of a larger framework that has equity and socioeconomic, gender, public health, and health services dimensions.
The inscrutable Kawasaki disease
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Although medical investigators continue to study mucocutaneous lymph node (Kawasaki) disease from virtually every viewpoint, the cause and pathogenesis of this acute, sometimes fatal, febrile illness remain elusive. The disorder, now considered a syndrome, usually affects children younger than 5 years, although some cases now are being reported among adults (see page 1604, this issue). The death rate variously is reported to be between 0.5% and 2.8% or higher, and cardiovascular complications are not infrequent. Since Tomisaku Kawasaki, MD, Tokyo Red Cross Medical Center, reported the first cases in 1967, more than 20,000 cases have been reported in Japan. The disorder began to be recognized in the United States in 1974, and more than 650 cases have been recorded in this country since then. In fact, a cluster of 57 cases (mean age of the patients, 2.9 years), the largest so far in the United States, just occurred in Massachusetts.
Beneficial Effects of Treatment of Nicotine Dependence During an Inpatient Substance Abuse Treatment Program
Authors: Anne M. Joseph
Journal: JAMA (1990)

The Minneapolis Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center began an intervention for tobacco use in its inpatient substance dependency treatment program on June 19, 1988, including an institutional smoke-free policy and a smoking cessation program. Sequential substance-dependent patients admitted before institution of the policy (n = 455) were compared with patients admitted after institution of the policy (n = 457). Patients completed self-administered questionnaires regarding smoking practices and attitudes. Seventy-six percent of patients were current cigarette smokers. Fifty-eight percent of patients after institution of the policy described themselves as "not smoking regularly," compared with 19% of patients admitted before the institution of the policy. Similar proportions of patients admitted before and after the institution of the policy believed that quitting smoking would threaten recovery. Forty-one percent of patients hospitalized after institution of the policy abstained from smoking for more than 1 week during their hospital stay. Rates of early termination of treatment did not change. We conclude that concurrent intervention for nicotine addiction during inpatient treatment of substance dependence is associated with a temporary reduction in smoking and increased motivation to quit smoking.
EGFR-targeted stearoyl gemcitabine nanoparticles show enhanced anti-tumor activity
Authors: Michael A. Sandoval, Brian R. Sloat, Dharmika S.P. Lansakara-P., Amit Kumar, B. Leticia Rodriguez, Kaoru Kiguchi, John DiGiovanni, Zhengrong Cui
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2011)
Compression stockings may help prevent deep vein thrombosis
Authors: S. Chaudhry
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Symptomless deep venous thrombosis might occur in up to 10% of long haul airline travellers, concluded the authors of a new study published last week, which assessed the overall frequency of the condition in long haul airline passengers ( Lancet 2001;357:1485).

John Scurr, consultant surgeon from the Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, and colleagues, recruited 89 male and 142 female passengers aged over 50. They randomly allocated half to wear knee high elastic compression stockings and half to wear normal travel clothes.

The passengers, who all took flights of at least eight hours and returned …
Drinking Water Contaminants, Gene Polymorphisms, and Fetal Growth
Authors: Claire Infante-Rivard
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

There are still many uncertainties regarding the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with exposure to drinking water disinfection by-products. In Montréal, Québec, Canada, we carried out a hospital-based case–control study including 493 cases of intrauterine growth restriction defined as birth weight below the 10th percentile for gestational age and sex, according to Canadian standards. Controls were babies (n = 472) delivered at the same hospital whose birth weight was at or above the 10th percentile, matched for gestational age, race, and sex. Exposure to total and specific trihalomethanes was measured using regulatory data collected by municipalities and the provincial Ministry of Environment. Residential history, water drinking, and shower habits during pregnancy, as well as known risk factors for intrauterine growth restriction, were measured with a face-to-face interview with all mothers. Mothers and newborns were characterized for two genetic polymorphisms, one in the CYP2E1 gene (G1259C), and another in the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene (C677T). Exposure to specific and total trihalomethanes from drinking water, determined for 458 cases and 426 controls, did not result in an increased risk of intrauterine growth restriction. However, significant effect modification was observed between newborns with and without the CYP2E1 variant; among newborns with the variant, the adjusted odds ratio for intrauterine growth restriction associated with exposure to average total trihalomethanes above the 90th percentile (corresponding to 29.4 μg/L) was 13.20 (95% confidence interval, 1.19–146.72). These findings suggest that exposure to trihalomethanes at the highest levels can affect fetal growth but only in genetically susceptible newborns.
ON THE RELATION OF THE ORGANISMS IN THE TUNICA VAGINALIS OF ANIMALS INOCULATED WITH MEXICAN TYPHUS TO RICKETTSIA PROWAZEKI AND TO THE CAUSATIVE AGENT OF THAT DISEASE
Authors: H. Mooser, Clyde Dummer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1930)

Healthy lice became infected with Rickettsia prowazeki after feeding on monkeys inoculated with a strain of Mexican typhus. The same result was obtained in 100 per cent of lice by rectal inoculation of an emulsion of tunica vaginalis of guinea pigs reacting to the same strain. In the tunica vaginalis of guinea pigs and rats inoculated intraperitoneally with an emulsion of lice containing Rickettsia prowazeki the intracellular organism constantly associated with the passage strain appeared regularly. Rickettsia prowazeki found in lice and the organism constantly present in the tunica of guinea pigs and rats reacting to our strain of tabardillo are indistinguishable morphologically and tinctorially and their mode of intracellular multiplication is alike in every respect. It is concluded that they are identical. This organism is constantly associated with the causative agent of Mexican typhus, both in mammals and in lice, and all of our attempts to separate them have failed.
801 RESCUE THERAPY WITH OPTIMIZED PEG-INTERFERON PLUS RIBAVIRIN IN HIV/HCV COINFECTED PATIENTS: CRITICAL ROLE OF RIBAVIRIN PLASMA LEVELS IN THE PILOT-NR TRIAL
Authors: P. Labarga, M.E. Vispo, P. Barreiro, J. García-Samaniego, S. Rodriguez-Novoa, J. Morello, J. Pinilla, L. Martin-Carbonero, J. Troya, J. Gonzalez-Lahoz, V. Soriano
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Exercise and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Sheri R. Colberg, Ronald J. Sigal, Bo Fernhall, Judith G. Regensteiner, Bryan J. Blissmer, Richard R. Rubin, Lisa Chasan-Taber, Ann L. Albright, Barry Braun
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

Although physical activity (PA) is a key element in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes, many with this chronic disease do not become or remain regularly active. High-quality studies establishing the importance of exercise and fitness in diabetes were lacking until recently, but it is now well established that participation in regular PA improves blood glucose control and can prevent or delay type 2 diabetes, along with positively affecting lipids, blood pressure, cardiovascular events, mortality, and quality of life. Structured interventions combining PA and modest weight loss have been shown to lower type 2 diabetes risk by up to 58% in high-risk populations. Most benefits of PA on diabetes management are realized through acute and chronic improvements in insulin action, accomplished with both aerobic and resistance training. The benefits of physical training are discussed, along with recommendations for varying activities, PA-associated blood glucose management, diabetes prevention, gestational diabetes mellitus, and safe and effective practices for PA with diabetes-related complications.
The Evolution of SMC Proteins: Phylogenetic Analysis and Structural Implications
Authors: Neville Cobbe, Margarete M. S. Heck
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2004)

The SMC proteins are found in nearly all living organisms examined, where they play crucial roles in mitotic chromosome dynamics, regulation of gene expression, and DNA repair. We have explored the phylogenetic relationships of SMC proteins from prokaryotes and eukaryotes, as well as their relationship to similar ABC ATPases, using maximum-likelihood analyses. We have also investigated the coevolution of different domains of eukaryotic SMC proteins and attempted to account for the evolutionary patterns we have observed in terms of available structural data. Based on our analyses, we propose that each of the six eukaryotic SMC subfamilies originated through a series of ancient gene duplication events, with the condensins evolving more rapidly than the cohesins. In addition, we show that the SMC5 and SMC6 subfamily members have evolved comparatively rapidly and suggest that these proteins may perform redundant functions in higher eukaryotes. Finally, we propose a possible structure for the SMC5/SMC6 heterodimer based on patterns of coevolution.
THE TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN CHILDREN
Authors: A. GRAEME MITCHELL
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The subject matter in this paper was originally prepared as a guide for the teaching of medical students. The lack of publications dealing especially with the treatment of diabetes mellitus in children has led to the presentation of the material in the hope that it may prove of service to those whose experience with the disease has not been extensive. The physician who has evolved his own system of treatment will find it elementary and unnecessary.  INSULIN  In the modern treatment of diabetes, both dietary regulation and insulin administration are employed; and there is sufficient knowledge about both of these measures to permit, within certain limitations, almost mathematical precision in the use of them. In an individual case the carbohydrate tolerance can be ascertained, and the assistance required of insulin can be calculated in terms of units of this substance. Before discussing the details of treatment, a brief consideration of
Vitamin D Levels Appear to Be Robust Predictor of MS Progression
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Biological responses to PDGF-BB versus PDGF-DD in human mesangial cells
Authors: C.R. C. van Roeyen, T. Ostendorf, B. Denecke, D. Bokemeyer, I. Behrmann, F. Strutz, H.S. Lichenstein, W.J. LaRochelle, C.E. Pena, A. Chaudhuri, J. Floege
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
Abstract 4624: Cleavage of HER2 by phenethyl isothiocyanate mediates apoptosis in breast cancer cells
Authors: Parul Gupta, Sanjay K. Srivastava
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Her2 is a well established marker of breast cancer and found to be overexpressed in around 20-30% of cases. It plays role in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis and drug resistance leading to poor prognosis and survival. Therefore development of novel agents targeting Her2 is highly imminent. Based on several epidemiological and experimental evidences, isothiocyanates have been shown to have anticancer effects. We evaluated the effect of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) in breast cancer cells. Treatment with PEITC for 24h significantly suppressed the survival of both MCF-7 (estrogen dependent) and MDA-MB-231 (estrogen independent) cells in a concentration dependent manner with an IC50 of about 12µM and 8µM respectively. Substantial apoptosis by PEITC treatment was observed in both the cell lines. Interestingly, PEITC treatment after 24h drastically reduced Her2 expression. The decrease in Her2 expression by PEITC treatment correlated with the cleavage of Her2. The low molecular weight fragments of Her2 increased with increasing PEITC concentration. Caspase-3 specific inhibitor blocked PEITC-mediated cleavage of Her2 and apoptosis indicating the involvement of caspase-3 in the cleavage of Her2. Her2 fragments have been shown to induce mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. In agreement, our results show the cleavage of Bid and increase in Bax level, whereas the expression of Bcl-XL was down regulated. Further, PEITC treatment resulted in the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol, activating caspase 9/3 and PARP cleavage. Taken togther, our results suggests that cleavage of Her2 by PEITC activates mitochondrial death pathway in breast cancer cells. Further mechanistic studies are in progress. [Supported in part by R01 grants CA106953 and CA129038 (to S.K.S) awarded by the National Cancer Institute]. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4624. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4624
Abstract B50: Visualizing intercellular transfer of hypoxia-induced exosomal miR-210 between breast cancer cells
Authors: Kyung Oh Jung, Young-Hwa Kim, June-Key Chung, Hyewon Youn
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract Purpose: Cancer cells actively release exosomes containing many functional proteins, mRNA, and miRNA to communicate with tumor microenvironment, providing a novel mechanism of paracrine signaling between the tumors and surrounding tissues. In this study, we visualized exosome-mediated transfer of miR-210 between breast cancer cells . Methods: Mouse breast cancer cell lines, 4T1, were transfected with pCMV-luc2/miR-210 reporter vector which was designed to be turned off its luciferase signal by binding of miR-210. Hypoxia was induced by Deferoxamine Mesylate (DFO). Exosomes were characterized by western blot (Alix, CD63, and CD9) and TEM. Exosomes from hypoxic conditions were isolated and treated to normoxic breast cancer cells. Real-time PCR was performed to compare levels of miR-210. Luciferase activity was measured by luciferase activity assay and bioluminescence imaging. Immunohistochemistry was performed with antibodies of HIF-1a, luciferase, and Ephrin-A3. Results: Amount of isolated exosome from hypoxic condition was 1.4 fold more than that of normoxic condition. Expression of miR-210 was increased in 15.70 and 12.73 fold in hypoxic cells and exosomes, respectively. Luciferase activity and bioluminescence imaging signal intensity of the cells treated with hypoxic exosome were significantly decreased at 0.50 and 0.67 fold compare to that of untreated cells. In xenograft models, luciferase signals of tumor treated hypoxic exosomes were also decreased in 0.56 fold. Luciferase was decreased in the tumor tissues treated with hypoxic exosomes, and the expression of Ephrin-A3, a target of miR-210, was also decreased in tumor tissues treated hypoxic exosome. Conclusions: Reporter gene imaging system for monitoring hypoxia-induced miR-210 successsfully demonstrated the exosome-mediated intercellular transfer of miR-210 in vitro and in vivo. Citation Format: Kyung Oh Jung, Young-Hwa Kim, June-Key Chung, Hyewon Youn. Visualizing intercellular transfer of hypoxia-induced exosomal miR-210 between breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B50. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-B50
FACTORS INFLUENCING HEMATOPOIETIC SPLEEN COLONY FORMATION IN IRRADIATED MICE
Authors: Dane R. Boggs, John C. Marsh, Paul A. Chervenick, George E. Cartwright, Maxwell M. Wintrobe
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1967)

Mice were irradiated repetitively at 6 wk intervals. The proliferative capacity of the hematopoietic stem cell compartment was studied after each irradiation and compared to that of age-matched controls which had been irradiated only once. Hematopoietic proliferation capacity was measured by determining the number of spleen colonies, splenic iron uptake, spleen weight, and volume of packed red cells 10 days after irradiation. 6 wk after the first irradiation, the hematopoietic compartment was apparently supranormal in size for, when such mice were again irradiated, their postirradiation hematopoiesis was in excess of that of the controls. Thereafter, there was a steady decline in regenerative capacity with each sequential irradiation. After the sixth irradiation, the number of spleen colonies and iron uptake were reduced to one-fifth of that of singly irradiated controls. A decline in body weight and an increase in irradiation mortality accompanied the decline in postirradiation hematopoiesis. The degree of measured decline in hematopoietic proliferative ability was less than that observed by other investigators who studied the effect of serial transplantation of cells upon their ability to proliferate. Furthermore, even after the sixth irradiation, a marked stimulation of postirradiation hematopoiesis was induced by bleeding the animals before irradiation.
Baltimore As A Medical Center
Authors: LAURENCE H. BAKER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1931)

Article1 February 1931Baltimore As A Medical CenterLAURENCE H. BAKER, Ph.D.LAURENCE H. BAKER, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-4-8-1045 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSince its very foundation, the city of Baltimore has constituted a community in which physicians have been peculiarly prominent, in which physicians have been outstandingly connected with civic and intellectual advances. It is not surprising, therefore, that Baltimore occupies an enviable place in the history of the development of modern medicine. Its contributions to the three great divisions of medical progress—care of the sick, training of succeeding generations of physicians, investigation into the cause and cure of disease—have been of momentous value and have made themselves felt throughout the world.A brief sketch of the early progress in medicine that... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: LAURENCE H. BAKER, Ph.D.Affiliations: Baltimore, Md. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1931Volume 4, Issue 8Page: 1045-1064KeywordsHistory of medicine ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1931 PDF downloadLoading ...
Prevalence of Diabetes and IGT in Yonchon County, South Korea
Authors: Yongsoo Park, Hongkyu Lee, Chang-Soon Koh, Hunki Min, Keunyoung Yoo, Yongik Kim, Youngsoo Shin
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in Yonchon County of South Korea and to investigate their associated factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed a population-based cross-sectional study with random cluster sampling of residents ≥30 years of age. Among the 3,804 residents sampled, a total of 2,520 participants had a standard 75-g oral glucose tolerance test and answered a detailed questionnaire. We also collected standard anthropometric data. RESULTS If the data for participants in the age range of 30–64 years were adjusted to the standard world population, the prevalence of diabetes was 7.2% and the prevalence of IGT was 8.9%. It was observed that the significant factors associated with diabetes were waist-to-hip circumference ratio, serum triglyceride levels, age, systolic blood pressure, family history of diabetes, and locality. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of diabetes in Yonchon County was substantially higher than was previously suggested. The risk of diabetes increased with the increased central obesity and metabolic disturbances associated with insulin resistance.