tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PHYSICAL EQUIPMENT OF THERAPEUTIC POOLS
Authors: CHARLES LeROY LOWMAN
Journal: JAMA (1930)

The development in recent years of hydrogymnastic technic and methods has brought to the fore possibilities for this rather unique combination of physical therapeutic modalities heretofore but slightly realized.  The treatment of various types of illness in pools originated probably centuries ago, for we read in the Bible of the sick being thus treated. It has also long been known that paralytic patients could move with less effort in the water because of its buoyancy. Many physicians have used small tanks and bath tubs for a number of years for this purpose.  During the past four years at the Orthopaedic Hospital in Los Angeles we have been using a large, shallow pool for many types of conditions—flaccid and spastic paralysis, joint and postsurgical conditions and, most notably, the disabilities resulting from poliomyelitis. Other types of orthopedic cases, however, are just as satisfactorily treated under water. The chief values of pool
Placental hypoxia and neonatal haemangioma: clinical and histological observations
Authors: V. Colonna, L. Resta, A. Napoli, E. Bonifazi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Journal Article Placental hypoxia and neonatal haemangioma: clinical and histological observations Get access V. Colonna, V. Colonna Unit of Paediatric Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Resta, L. Resta Department of Pathological Anatomy, University of Bari, P.zza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124 Bari, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Napoli, A. Napoli Department of Pathological Anatomy, University of Bari, P.zza Giulio Cesare n. 11, 70124 Bari, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Bonifazi E. Bonifazi Unit of Paediatric Dermatology and Ernesto Bonifazi. E‐mail: ejpd@dermatologiapediatrica.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 162, Issue 1, 1 January 2010, Pages 208–209, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09493.x Published: 01 January 2010
Continuous In-Vivo Monitoring of Arterial Oxygenation in Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
Authors: MICHAEL R. FLICK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

We monitored arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) in 10 patients with severe chronic obstructive lung disease during 24 h of breathing room air followed by 24 h of breathing two litres of oxygen per minute. Three subjects without chronic obstructive lung disease were monitored while breathing room air. Greatest declines in SaO2 occurred during sleep, with intermittent decreases as great as 44% saturation (range, 12% to 44% saturation. Baseline SaO2 was significantly higher while patients breathed low-flow oxygen (94% versus 86% saturated), and declines in SaO2 during sleep were less noteworthy (1% to 27% saturation). Subjects without chronic obstructive lung disease showed declines in SaO2 of much lesser magnitude (3% to 11% saturation) with sleep. These declines were not primarily due to alveolar hypoventilation. Our data indicate that there are patients with chronic airways obstruction who suffer profound intermittent desaturation at night that can readily be relieved with low-flow oxygen administration.
Activation of complement by serum-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Assembly of the membrane attack complex without subsequent cell death.
Authors: G R Harriman, E R Podack, A I Braude, L C Corbeil, A F Esser, J G Curd
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

Interaction of the human complement system in normal human serum (NHS) with serum-resistant and -sensitive Neisseria gonorrhoeae was evaluated to better understand the mechanism of serum-resistance. Complement activity (CH50) was depleted from NHS in a dose-dependent fashion by both serum-resistant and -sensitive N. gonorrhoeae. No detectable CH50 remained in NHS incubated with 10(9) colony-forming units (CFU)/ml serum of either resistant or sensitive strains. When smaller numbers of bacteria were incubated with NHS, lesser, yet comparable, amounts of CH50 were depleted by both resistant and sensitive strains. Hemolytic C2 activity was diminished by 33% in the case of resistant N. gonorrhoeae (10(8) CFU/ml serum) and by 48% in the case of a sensitive strain. No detectable decreases in hemolytic C4 or C7 activities were found with either sensitive or resistant strains at this concentration. Both resistant and sensitive strains activated C1s in NHS. Resistant strains specifically activated 19-21% of radiolabeled C1s in NHS, whereas sensitive strains activated 18-32%. Both resistant and sensitive strains also activated C5 in NHS. In binding assays using radiolabeled C5 and C9 in NHS, resistant and sensitive strains bound comparable amounts of C5 and C9. The number of bound C5 and C9 molecules varied according to the number of bacteria or amount of serum used in the assay. The ratio of C9/C5 bound to a sensitive strain was 6.8, and to a resistant strain was 8.2, suggesting that C5 and C9 were incorporated into membrane attack complexes (MAC). Electron microscopic examination of resistant and sensitive strains incubated with NHS revealed that MAC is bound to the surfaces of the resistant strain as well as the sensitive strain.
Living Attenuated Measles-Virus Vaccine in Early Infancy
Authors: Charles M. Reilly, Joseph Stokes, Eugene B. Buynak, Herman Goldner, Maurice R. Hilleman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

ENDERS and his associates1 2 3 4 have described the recovery of measles virus in human and animal-cell cultures and the propagation of the virus in hen's embryonated eggs and in cultures of chick embryo. Virus grown in tissue culture was characterized by marked attenuation of virulence for monkeys evidenced by failure to cause clinical illness, detectable viremia or recognizable changes in the central nervous system. Such attenuated virus induced only mild clinical illness in children inoculated subcutaneously. Neutralizing and complement-fixing antibodies against measles developed in the recipients in titers comparable to those in patients convalescing from natural measles.In a previous study . . .
Bowel preparation with oral sodium phosphate and renal disease
Authors: M. Caswell
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Mishra et al. [1] described two cases of severe hyperphosphatemia following ingestion of Fleet Phospho-Soda. One of the affected patients was a 51-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease, and the other was a 57-year-old man with chronic renal insufficiency. The authors failed to note that current professional Fleet Phospho-Soda labeling includes the warning, ”Do not use in patients with clinically significant impairment of renal function“ [2].
Delayed HBsAg clearance in chronic hepatitis B viral infection
Authors: Karen L. Lindsay, Allan G. Redeker, Mary Ashcavai
Journal: Hepatology (1981)

Seven patients are described in whom HBsAg persisted for 13 to 98 months after acute viral hepatitis B and then became nondetectable. All patients subsequently developed anti-HBs. During the period of HBs-antigenemia, liver biopsies in five patients showed persistent viral hepatitis. Retrospectively, impending negativity of HBsAg was predictable in five patients by a decrease in HBsAg titer, and in four patients by persistent normalization of serum alanine aminotransferase. Although delayed clearance of HBsAg in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection is uncommon, it appears to be predictable.
Experimental Analysis of Drinking Patterns of Alcoholics: Concurrent Psychiatric Observations
Authors: H. BRIAN MCNAMEE, NANCY K. MELLO, JACK H. MENDELSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

Psychiatric observations of mood, thought content, and social behavior of 12 volunteer subjects prior to, during, and following an experimental drinking situation were carried out. Contrary to commonly-held impressions concerning alcoholics, most of the subjects experienced an increase rather than a decrease in anxiety and depression; no subject reported subjective craving for alcohol following his first drink; the subjects maintained a high degree of social interaction with other patients and disruptive behavior was rare.
Remarks on the Different Methods of Collecting, Preserving, and Employing Animal Vaccine
Authors: E. Warlomont
Journal: BMJ (1880)

IN a conference on animal vaccination, held in London on December 4th, I879, and to which the organ of this Association accorded a wide and friendly publicity, I took particular pains to define the part which, in my opinion, should be attributed to animal vaccination in the prophylaxis of varioloid affections.To recapitulate, I then said: "Animal vaccination should not pretend to be a substitute for the traditional practice.Arm-to-arm vaccination is, and will yet long remain, strong from its time-honoured rights, the great assistance it gives to the prophylaxis of small-pox, and nothing should be neglected to encourage and regulate it.Animal vaccination should, at the present time, be but its faithful auxiliary, but so useful an auxiliary that it would be as unjustifiable to wish to dispense with it as to wish to suddenly relinquish the clinical practice."In that communication, I insisted on this point, that the active prin- ciple of vaccine, whether animal or humanised, resides in special cor- puscles, floating in an inert serosity, and not in the dissolved substances which form the basis of the plasma ofthe vaccinal serosity, as M. Chau- veau has abundantly demonstrated.tThese corpuscles, as I at that time pointed out, and as recent researches have confirmed, are nothing but microbes.The special virus of vaccine is,> then, inhe- rent in what were termed by M. Chauveau, a dozen years ago, " ele- mentary granules" (loc.cit.), which, more recently, MM.Carsten and Overt4 have named globular molecuiles, and which we shall hence- forward designate by the name of vaccinzal microbes.
People over 50 in northern Europe feel healthier than their southern counterparts
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Obesity in children in England continues to rise 334 More than one in four children in England are overweight or obese, said a government report published last week which showed that obesity in young people is continuing to rise.The report said that the prevalence of obesity in children aged 2 to 10 increased from 9.9% in 1995 to 13.7% in 2003.The total number of overweight and obese children rose from 22.7% to 27.7% in this period.Obesity increased most in older children aged 8 to 10, rising from 11.2% in 1995 to 16.5% in 2003.Levels of obesity were similar for both sexes, increasing from 9.6% in 1995 to 14.9% in 2003 for boys and from 10.3% to 12.5% for girls.Children living in households with the lowest incomes had higher rates of obesity than those from households with the highest incomes (15.8% v 13.3%).
AIDS Prevention — Sexual Ethics and Responsibility
Authors: R Bayer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Do people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have special responsibilities to their sexual partners? If so, what do these responsibilities involve? Merely raising these questions directly has tended, until recently, to disquiet many people involved in AIDS-prevention efforts.From the onset of the AIDS epidemic in 1981, it became increasingly clear that questions of sexual ethics could not be avoided. Here was a new fatal disease, spread in the context of sexual relations that are typically consensual. The questions posed by AIDS were not fundamentally different from those raised by other sexually transmitted diseases. But the lethality of . . .
First clinical performance indicators for Wales show wide variation
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The first set of clinical performance indicators for Wales were launched last week, showing wide variation in the three measures included.

Welsh health minister John Owen Jones, speaking at the launch of the data, explained why the introduction of performance indicators was necessary: “The tragic events at Bristol cannot be allowed to happen again. Patients and their GPs want to feel sure that their local hospital is up to scratch. We don't …
Normal electrocardiographic waveform characteristics during treadmill exercise testing.
Authors: R A Wolthuis, V F Froelicher, A Hopkirk, J R Fischer, N Keiser
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Forty asymptomatic male patients at low risk for cardiovascular disease completed maximal treadmill testing. Electrocardiograms from leads CC5, CM5, V5, Yh and Z were recorded across multiple pretest, exercise and recovery conditions. ECG waveforms were subsequently digitized, averaged and processed to provide Q-, R-, S- and T-wave amplitudes, ST-segment means and slopes, and QS- and RT-interval durations. Average R-wave amplitude increased during early exercise and then dramatically decreased to maximum effort. Average S-wave amplitude became greater as exercise progressed. Average J junction was slightly positive before exercise, became negative during exercise (except lead Z) and returned to zero after exercise. The ST-segment slope increased dramatically with progressive exercise. The response of T-wave amplitude, RT and QS intervals are also described. Separately, 22 asymptomatic male subjects each completed two maximal treadmill tests 2 weeks apart. ECG data acquisition and processing were similar to those noted above. Pooled, within-subject estimates of variability were computed for the ECG leads, ECG measurements and protocol conditions. These variability estimates are useful for interpreting ECG responses to exercise testing.
Abstract 1544: Control of tumor-associated macrophage alternative activation by MIF.
Authors: Kavitha Yaddanapudi, Kalyani Putty, Beatriz Rendon, Gwyneth Lamont, Jonathan Faughn, Robert Mitchell
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Tumor stromal alternatively activated macrophages are important determinants of anti-tumor T lymphocyte responses, intratumoral neovascularization and metastatic dissemination. Our recent efforts to investigate the mechanism of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in antagonizing anti-melanoma immune responses reveal that macrophage-derived MIF is necessary for maximal macrophage alternative activation in melanoma-bearing mice. Both peripheral and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) isolated from melanoma bearing MIF-deficient mice display elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and reduced anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive and pro-angiogenic gene products compared to macrophages from tumor bearing MIF wildtype mice. Moreover, TAMs and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) from MIF-deficient mice exhibit reduced T lymphocyte immunosuppressive activities than do those from their wildtype littermates. Corresponding with reduced tumor immunosuppression and neoangiogenic potential by TAMs, MIF-deficiency confers protection against transplantable subcutaneous melanoma outgrowth and melanoma lung metastatic colonization. Finally, we report for the first time that our previously discovered MIF small molecule antagonist, 4-iodo-6-phenylpyrimidine (4-IPP), recapitulates MIF-deficiency in vitro and in vivo and attenuates tumor polarized macrophage alternative activation, immunosuppression, neoangiogenesis and melanoma tumor outgrowth. These studies are the first to describe a functional contribution by MIF to tumor-associated macrophage alternative activation and provide justification for immunotherapeutic targeting of MIF in melanoma patients. Citation Format: Kavitha Yaddanapudi, Kalyani Putty, Beatriz Rendon, Gwyneth Lamont, Jonathan Faughn, Robert Mitchell. Control of tumor-associated macrophage alternative activation by MIF. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1544. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1544
Acute infectious lymphocytosis as a T-cell lymphoproliferative syndrome.
Authors: J P Cassuto, M Schneider, M Bourg, A Bertrand, R Mariani
Journal: BMJ (1977)

conversely, have reported it as the presenting feature of the disease after direct pericardial infection.'In our case the history of arthritis might suggest a preceding meningococcal illness with pericarditis, arthritis, and peritonitis as later complications.The undoubted presence of organisms in the pericardial fluid, however, implies a direct bacterial mechanism.Corticosteroids have been advocated to aid resolution of the serous effusions of meningococcal infection.Our patient, however, responded satisfactorily to antibiotics and drainage alone.Effective eradication of the organism is obviously the object of treatment and whether steroids offer further benefit seems still open to question.
How to be Scottish
Authors: J. O. Drife
Journal: BMJ (1996)

English doctors sometimes remark that British medicine is run by a Scottish mafia (a Macfia, perhaps). I reply that English medicine should count itself lucky and the conversation usually ends there. National pride on both our parts prevents me explaining that anyone can be Scottish if they really want to be.

Some people, of course, are born Scottish but aspirants should not let this deter them. Nowadays congenital Scots are rarely tall, bony, or red haired and many have a sense of humour. In fact, they seem just like everyone else until they start to speak.

Achieving Scottishness, like any worthwhile …
Opportunistic Screening for Osteoporosis Using Abdominal Computed Tomography Scans Obtained for Other Indications
Authors: Perry J. Pickhardt, B. Dustin Pooler, Travis Lauder, Alejandro Muñoz del Rio, Richard J. Bruce, Neil Binkley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Chinese translation Background: Osteoporosis is a prevalent but underdiagnosed condition. Objective: To evaluate computed tomography (CT)–derived bone mineral density (BMD) assessment compared with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measures for identifying osteoporosis by using CT scans performed for other clinical indications. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Single academic health center. Patients: 1867 adults undergoing CT and DXA (n = 2067 pairs) within a 6-month period over 10 years. Measurements: CT-attenuation values (in Hounsfield units [HU]) of trabecular bone between the T12 and L5 vertebral levels, with an emphasis on L1 measures (study test); DXA BMD measures (reference standard). Sagittal CT images assessed for moderate-to-severe vertebral fractures. Results: CT-attenuation values were significantly lower at all vertebral levels for patients with DXA-defined osteoporosis (P < 0.001). An L1 CT-attenuation threshold of 160 HU or less was 90% sensitive and a threshold of 110 HU was more than 90% specific for distinguishing osteoporosis from osteopenia and normal BMD. Positive predictive values for osteoporosis were 68% or greater at L1 CT-attenuation thresholds less than 100 HU; negative predictive values were 99% at thresholds greater than 200 HU. Among 119 patients with at least 1 moderate-to-severe vertebral fracture, 62 (52.1%) had nonosteoporotic T-scores (DXA false-negative results), and most (97%) had L1 or mean T12 to L5 vertebral attenuation of 145 HU or less. Similar performance was seen at all vertebral levels. Intravenous contrast did not affect CT performance. Limitation: The potential benefits and costs of using the various CT-attenuation thresholds identified were not formally assessed. Conclusion: Abdominal CT images obtained for other reasons that include the lumbar spine can be used to identify patients with osteoporosis or normal BMD without additional radiation exposure or cost. Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health.
Resistance of human tumor cells in vitro to oxidative cytolysis.
Authors: J O'Donnell-Tormey, C J DeBoer, C F Nathan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Nine human cell types, six of them malignant, displayed a marked resistance to lysis by hydrogen peroxide (LD50, 2-20 mM). Of the reactive oxygen intermediates generated extracellularly, only H2O2 lysed all the cell types. OH was lytic to one of four, OI- to one of one, and O-2 to none of four cell types tested. Resistance to oxidative lysis did not correlate with specific activity of catalase, glutathione (GSH) peroxidase, other peroxidases, or glutathione disulfide reductase, or with specific content of GSH. Resistance to H2O2 seemed to occur via mechanisms distinct from those responsible for cellular consumption of H2O2. Consumption was inhibitable by azide and was probably due to catalase in each cell type. In contrast, resistance to oxidative lysis occurred via distinct routes in different cells. One cell type used the GSH redox cycle as the primary defense against H2O2, like murine tumors previously studied. Other cells seemed to utilize catalase as the major defense against H2O2. Nonetheless, with both catalase and the GSH redox cycle inhibited, all the human cells tested exhibited an inherent resistance to oxidative lysis, that is, resistance independent of detectable degradation of H2O2.
An Immeasurable Crisis? A Criticism of the Millennium Development Goals and Why They Cannot Be Measured
Authors: Amir Attaran
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

In PLoS Medicine, volume 2, issue 10: DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0020318

Reference 3 [Deputy Secretary General United Nations (2004) Message to the inter-agency and expert meeting on MDG indicators Geneva 29 September–1 October 2004. New York: United Nations. Available: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mi/techgroup/Sept2004/message_to_inter_agency_mdg.pdf. Accessed 1 August 2005] was publicly accessible at the time of publication of Amir Attaran's article, but is no longer publicly accessible. This file can now be found as Text S1. 

Text S1Deputy Secretary-General's Message to the Inter-Agency and Expert Meeting on MDG Indicators: 
(44.5 KB DOC).

Click here for additional data file.(45K, doc)
Patterns of Failure, Toxicity, and Survival after Extrapleural Pneumonectomy and Hemithoracic Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Authors: Daniel R. Gomez, David S. Hong, Pamela K. Allen, James S. Welsh, Reza J. Mehran, Anne S. Tsao, Zhongxing Liao, Stephen D. Bilton, Ritsuko Komaki, David C. Rice
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)