tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Studying Peanut Anaphylaxis
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

In this issue of the Journal, Leung et al. (pages 986–993) report results with a new drug to reduce the risk of anaphylactic reactions to food. In a multicenter, phase 2 study, TNX-901, a monoclonal antibody to IgE, increased the threshold of sensitivity to peanut antigen to a level that should afford protection from unintended ingestions.As a medical reporter, I interviewed Dr. Rebecca Gruchalla, who characterized the report as an “advance in the treatment of food allergy.” Gruchalla, chair of the Food and Drug Reactions and Anaphylaxis Interest Section of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, said . . .
Bivalirudin vs Heparin With or Without Tirofiban During Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Yaling Han, Jincheng Guo, Yang Zheng, Hongyun Zang, Xi Su, Yu Wang, Shaoliang Chen, Tiemin Jiang, Ping Yang, Jiyan Chen, Dongju Jiang, Quanmin Jing, Zhenyang Liang, Haiwei Liu, Xin Zhao, Jing Li, Yi Li, Bo Xu, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: JAMA (2015)

The safety and efficacy of bivalirudin compared with heparin with or without glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are uncertain.To determine if bivalirudin is superior to heparin alone and to heparin plus tirofiban during primary PCI.Multicenter, open-label trial involving 2194 patients with AMI undergoing primary PCI at 82 centers in China between August 2012 and June 2013.Patients were randomly assigned to receive bivalirudin with a post-PCI infusion (n = 735), heparin alone (n = 729), or heparin plus tirofiban with a post-PCI infusion (n = 730). Among patients treated with bivalirudin, a postprocedure 1.75 mg/kg/h infusion was administered for a median of 180 minutes (IQR, 148-240 minutes).The primary end point was 30-day net adverse clinical events, a composite of major adverse cardiac or cerebral events (all-cause death, reinfarction, ischemia-driven target vessel revascularization, or stroke) or bleeding. Additional prespecified safety end points included the rates of acquired thrombocytopenia at 30 days, and stent thrombosis at 30 days and 1 year.Net adverse clinical events at 30 days occurred in 65 patients (8.8%) of 735 who were treated with bivalirudin compared with 96 patients (13.2%) of 729 treated with heparin (relative risk [RR], 0.67; 95% CI, 0.50-0.90; difference, -4.3%, 95% CI, -7.5% to -1.1%; P = .008); and 124 patients (17.0%) of 730 treated with heparin plus tirofiban (RR for bivalirudin vs heparin plus tirofiban, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.39-0.69; difference, -8.1%, 95% CI, -11.6% to -4.7%; P < .001). The 30-day bleeding rate was 4.1% for bivalirudin, 7.5% for heparin, and 12.3% for heparin plus tirofiban (P < .001). There were no statistically significant differences between treatments in the 30-day rates of major adverse cardiac or cerebral events (5.0% for bivalirudin, 5.8% for heparin, and 4.9% for heparin plus tirofiban, P = .74), stent thrombosis (0.6% vs 0.9% vs 0.7%, respectively, P = .77), acquired thrombocytopenia (0.1% vs 0.7% vs 1.1%; P = .07), or in acute (<24-hour) stent thrombosis (0.3% in each group). At the 1-year follow-up, the results remained similar.Among patients with AMI undergoing primary PCI, the use of bivalirudin with a median 3-hour postprocedure PCI-dose infusion resulted in a decrease in net adverse clinical events compared with both heparin alone and heparin plus tirofiban. This finding was primarily due to a reduction in bleeding events with bivalirudin, without significant differences in major adverse cardiac or cerebral events or stent thrombosis.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01696110.
Abstract LB-15: Frequency of aspirin use and prostate cancer mortality among prostate cancer cases in the control arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial.
Authors: Sarah E. Daugherty, Ruth Pfeiffer, Armen Ghazarian, Grant Izmirlian, Phil Prorok, Katherine McGlynn
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Aspirin may slow progression of cancer through the inhibition of platelet aggregation as experimental research has shown that platelets play a role in cancer cell dissemination and metastatic growth. While a 10% reduction in prostate cancer risk has been associated with regular aspirin use, only a few epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between aspirin use and prostate cancer mortality among prostate cancer cases. Methods: Participants included 3857 men, age 55-74, who were diagnosed with prostate cancer in the control arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial between 1993-2009. The frequency of aspirin use one year prior to baseline (1993-2001) was ascertained through a self-administered questionnaire. Death due to prostate cancer was ascertained by annual questionnaire and linkage to the National Death Index. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using COX proportional hazards models using age as the time metric and adjusting for clinical stage, Gleason score, primary treatment, smoking status, body mass index, race, history of heart attack, and history of stroke. Results: After a median of 5 years of follow-up, 136 cases died of prostate cancer. No significant association with prostate cancer mortality was observed between cases who reported pre-diagnostic daily or more than daily aspirin use compared to cases who reported no aspirin use (HR=0.77; 95% CI 0.48-1.25). Among those diagnosed with clinically advanced stage (III, IV) disease, an inverse association with prostate cancer mortality was observed for cases who reported daily or more than daily aspirin use (HR=0.37; 95% CI 0.15-0.92), while no association for daily or more than daily users was seen among those with clinically localized prostate cancer (HR=0.86; 95% CI 0.47-1.58). Conclusion: Pre-diagnostic use of aspirin was not significantly associated with prostate cancer mortality based on cases diagnosed in the PLCO control arm, although a reduction in risk of prostate cancer mortality was observed among those with advanced stage disease in a subgroup analysis. Citation Format: Sarah E. Daugherty, Ruth Pfeiffer, Armen Ghazarian, Grant Izmirlian, Phil Prorok, Katherine McGlynn. Frequency of aspirin use and prostate cancer mortality among prostate cancer cases in the control arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-15. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-15
Book Review The Empty Cradle: Infertility in America from colonial times to the present (Henry E. Sigerist Series in the History of Medicine.) By Margaret Marsh and Wanda Ronner. 326 pp., illustrated. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996. $29.95. 0-8018-5228-5
Authors: Alan H. DeCherney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)
Murine syngeneic mixed lymphocyte response. I. Target antigens are self Ia molecules
Authors: LH Glimcher, DL Longo, I Green, RH Schwartz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

A system has been described that produces a murine syngeneic mixed lymphocyte response (MLR) comparable in magnitude to an allogeneic MLR. The responder cells in these cultures exhibit the classic immunologic characteristics of both memory and specificity. Studies using radiation-induced bone marrow chimeras of F(1) {arrow} parent type indicated that, similar to many other T cell-mediated immune responses, the response of the T lymphocytes in the syngeneic MLR was major histocompatibility complex-restricted and was determined by the environment in which the T cells matured. Using responder T cells from F(1) {arrow} parent chimeras and stimulator cells from H-2 recombinant strains, it was possible to map the genes involved in the stimulation to the K and/or I regions. In addition, blocking studies with monoclonal anti-Ia antibodies suggested that in the B10.A strain the critical molecules were products of both the I-A(k) and I-E(k) subregions. The issue of whether the syngeneic MLR is directed solely at self I-region antigens or whether the response represents proliferation to an unknown antigen in association with self I-region determinants was also addressed. Secondary syngeneic MLR were successfully performed in normal mouse serum and with stimulator cells prepared in the absence of bovine serum albumin to rule out the possibility that xenogeneic serum antigens were involved in the stimulation. The possibility that the syngeneic MLR might represent a secondary response to environmental antigens was eliminated by using germ- free mice as a source of stimulator cells and by demonstrating that spleen cells from unimmunized, fully allogeneic chimeras (B10.A {arrow} B10) could generate a normal syngeneic MLR even though such chimeras could not be primed to respond to any foreign antigens unless supplemented in vivo with a source of antigen-presenting cells syngeneic to the B10 host. The possibility that the syngeneic MLR was a primary response to a foreign antigen was considered unlikely because by using our culture conditions we could not obtain a primary antigen response or a secondary antigen response after in vitro priming to a variety of potent foreign antigens. Finally, the possibility that the syngeneic MLR represents a response to a variety of minor histocompatibility self antigens in association with self Ia molecules was eliminated by showing that the secondary responses to H-2 compatible, non-H-2 different strain (A/J vs. B10.A and C3H, or BALB/c vs. B10.D2 and DBA/2) were comparable to the secondary responses to syngeneic stimulators. Thus, we conclude that the target antigens in the syngeneic MLR are solely determinants on self Ia molecules, although the functionally equivalent possibility of a single, nonpolymorphic, minor self antigen seen in association with self Ia molecules cannot be excluded.
THE DIAGNOSIS OF INDEFINITE MASSES IN THE BREAST
Authors: D. C. L. Fitzwilliams
Journal: BMJ (1923)

94 20, 119231 -, I mxzmc" ieval"~~~~~~~~Hospital we have leaflets for distribution to female patients containing in simple language the most important facts concerning this fearful scourge. POST-MATURITY.It must have happened to everyone who has practised midwifery that on occasions he has had a patient who, by the usual methods of reckoning, has gone beyond term.Such an event not only causes worry to the patient and her relatives, and additional expense because of the nurEe, but it may also be a source of much anxiety to the doctor, who in the end has perhaps to attend a difficult labour, followed in many instances by death of the child.The following points are of interest':-1. Post-maturity may be recognized by the presence in the child of excessive length, weight, ossification, and an easy separability of its dura mater.2. It is probable that spermatozoa cannot live longer in the genital canal than ten days.3. Although the time between the first day of the last menstruation and delivery, and that of insemination and delivery, can be calculated, that between impregnation or fecundation and delivery cannot within ten days.4. There are undoubted dangers both to the mother and the child when pregnancy is prolonged beyond its normal -time.These dangers are mostly concerned with the difficulty in the passage of the child.The correct treatment when the practitioner thinks that the child is post-mature is to induce labour.How is he to arrive at Euch a diagnosis ?
Scotland says no to commercialisation of GP services
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Scotland has banned private companies from running family doctor services in Scotland. The situation is in sharp contrast to England, where doctors’ leaders have mounted a campaign against the “creeping commercialisation” of general practice and hospital services.

The Scottish parliament has amended the National Health Service (Scotland) Act 1978 by removing the ability of commercial companies to hold primary medical services contracts. It was the corresponding clause in English legislation that has allowed the rapid expansion of commercially provided NHS GP services in England. GP services in Scotland can now only …
Registry for the Microangiopathic Hemolytic Syndrome Associated with Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: JAMES H. KELLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1984Registry for the Microangiopathic Hemolytic Syndrome Associated with Cancer ChemotherapyJAMES H. KELLER, Pharm. D., IRA WEINSTEIN, M.D.JAMES H. KELLER, Pharm. D.Search for more papers by this author, IRA WEINSTEIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-5-716_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Jackson and associates (1) reported five patients who developed a microangiopathic hemolytic anemia with renal insufficiency and thrombocytopenia after treatment with cisplatin, bleomycin, and a vinca alkaloid. Of the five patients, one had thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura and the other four developed the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Two patients had an indolent course and three patients died of complications related to the syndrome. All patients had minimal or nondetectable disease at the onset of the thrombotic microangiopathy.A number of investigators (2, 3) have also reported the syndrome in other types of malignant diseases treated with different chemotherapeutic regimens. Microangiopathic...References1. JACKSONROSEGRAFF ABL. Thrombotic microangiopathy and renal failure associated with antineoplastic chemotherapy. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101:41-4. LinkGoogle Scholar2. KRESSELRYANDUONG BKA. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure in patients treated for adenocarcinoma. Cancer. 1981;48:1738-45. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. JOLIVETGIROUXLAURIN JLS. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, renal failure, and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema: a chemotherapy-induced syndrome. Cancer Treat Rep. 1983;67:429-34. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. CANTRELSCHEINWINOKARPHILLIPS JPST. Cancer-related thrombotic microangiopathy: natural history and therapy [Abstract]. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol. 1983;2:12. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: JAMES H. KELLER, Pharm. D.; IRA WEINSTEIN, M.D.Affiliations: Medical Department, Bristol Laboratories Syracuse, NY 13221 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThrombotic Microangiopathy Associated with Chemotherapy: Case Report and Review of the Literature 1 November 1984Volume 101, Issue 5Page: 716-716KeywordsAlkaloidsCancer chemotherapyCancer treatmentHemolytic anemiaHemolytic-uremic syndromeRenal cancer ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...
Assessing possible hazards of reducing serum cholesterol
Authors: M R Law, S G Thompson, N J Wald
Journal: BMJ (1994)

To assess whether low serum cholesterol concentration increases mortality from any cause.Systematic review of published data on mortality from causes other than ischaemic heart disease derived from the 10 largest cohort studies, two international studies, and 28 randomised trials, supplemented by unpublished data on causes of death obtained when necessary.Excess cause specific mortality associated with low or lowered serum cholesterol concentration.The only cause of death attributable to low serum cholesterol concentration was haemorrhagic stroke. The excess risk was associated only with concentrations below about 5 mmol/l (relative risk 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.4 to 2.5), affecting about 6% of people in Western populations. For noncirculatory causes of death there was a pronounced difference between cohort studies of employed men, likely to be healthy at recruitment, and cohort studies of subjects in community settings, necessarily including some with existing disease. The employed cohorts showed no excess mortality. The community cohorts showed associations between low cholesterol concentration and lung cancer, haemopoietic cancers, suicide, chronic bronchitis, and chronic liver and bowel disease; these were most satisfactorily explained by early disease or by factors that cause the disease lowering serum cholesterol concentration (depression causes suicide and lowers cholesterol concentration, for example). In the randomised trials nine deaths (from a total of 687 deaths not due to ischaemic heart disease in treated subjects) were attributed to known adverse effects of the specific treatments, but otherwise there was no evidence of an increased mortality from any cause arising from reduction in cholesterol concentration.There is no evidence that low or reduced serum cholesterol concentration increases mortality from any cause other than haemorrhagic stroke. This risk affects only those people with a very low concentration and even in these will be outweighed by the benefits from the low risk of ischaemic heart disease.
1199 COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS SHOWS CONSERVED PATHWAYS TO RESISTANCE ACROSS ALL MAJOR HCV GENOTYPES FOR A PANEL OF NS5A INHIBITORS
Authors: R. Colonno, Q. Huang, N. Huang, A. Huq, E. Peng, M. Lau, M. Bencsik, M. Zhong, L. Li
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
ACETYLCHOLINE IN NORMAL AND DISEASED SKIN.
Authors: A. SCOTT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1962)

Journal Article ACETYLCHOLINE IN NORMAL AND DISEASED SKIN. Get access A. SCOTT, M.D., M.R.C.P. A. SCOTT, M.D., M.R.C.P. St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, E.C.I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 74, Issue 8-9, 1 August 1962, Pages 317–322, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1962.tb13518.x Published: 01 August 1962
Deaths from asthma in the mentally handicapped.
Authors: J M Stuart, S L Stewart-Brown, J Harvey, K Morgan
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Personal characteristics and drug hlistories ofpatients undergoing treatment Jor drug dependencv Patients prescribed Patients prescribed heroin methadone (n=28) (n=29) Mean age (years) 28-4 30 4 Noof men:women 15:13 23:6 Psychological test scorcs oit admission: Beck depression inventory' 17 3 18 0 Taylor anxiety scale' 24-2 25-6 Mean age at first use of heroin (years) 21 7 20 2 Mean duration of use of heroin (years) 6 4 8 1 No who regularly innected opiates 19 14 Mean No of previous treatments (range) 1 6 (0-6) 1-8 (0-7) No of patients who reported having used (and mean daily dose): Heroin only 18 (625 mg) 18 (721 mg) Methadone only 4 (47 mg) 7 (39 mg) Heroin and methadone 5 2
Oregon and Organization.
Authors: S. E. Josephi
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Portland, Oregon, Dec. 29, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In your issue of Dec. 9, 1905, appears an article by J. N. McCormack, M.D., which, among other unwarranted statements about the medical profession in Oregon, contains this: "There was evidence on every hand that the schools of Oregon do not have high standards of requirements." In commenting on this article editorially, you write: "The average of the profession is low and the medical schools are weak." By a strange coincidence,The Journalfor December 9, containing these slurs, did not reach me in my mail, so I did not see it until a few days ago, when a copy was handed to me by a medical friend; otherwise I would have replied sooner. As there are but two medical schools in Oregon, and the medical department of the University of Oregon is one of them, it is fair to assume that
South Africa considers supplying antiretroviral drugs to AIDS patients
Authors: P. Sidley
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The South African government has announced it is to look into the possibility of supplying antiretroviral drugs to people with HIV and AIDS. The announcement signals a major change in its policy so far and creates hope among activists and people with the disease that some relief may become available to those who cannot afford the medication.

The government move comes at the same time as manufacturers of generic drugs have announced licensing deals with multinational pharmaceutical companies to allow them to begin making antiretrovirals locally and to supply them to the public sector. The arrangements would have been meaningless if the government was …
The Serum Treatment of Tuberculosis.
Authors: Kenneth W. Millican
Journal: JAMA (1898)

St. Louis, Mo., March 21,1898. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have read with great interest Dr. Waxham's "Report of Cases of Tuberculosis treated with Antiphthisic Serum, T.R. (Fisch)." It is well that all sides of this subject should be presented, as only by the collective investigation of numerous observers working independently, in different places, and under diverse conditions, can any satisfactory decision be arrived at. With that end in view, Messrs. Milliken &amp; Co., have been consistent in impressing on all users of the serum (Dr. Waxham himself not excepted), their desire that reports of cases should be made to the medical press, whether the results be "good, bad, or indifferent." While reports favorable to the serum can not fail to be gratifying, those of failures are equally important, as a means of drawing attention to sources of error on either side. On reviewing Dr. Waxham's cases, it appears to me
Lesson of the week: Two cases of retention of wooden foreign bodies in orbit of eye
Authors: M D Tsaloumas, T Potamitis, E E Kritzinger
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Beware of retained wooden foreign bodies associated with ostensibly minor injuries in the vicinity of the orbit

Missed intraorbital foreign bodies may lead to sight threatening and life threatening complications.1 Although penetrating injuries of the orbit are usually obvious, cases of retention of intraorbital foreign bodies after apparently minor trauma have been reported and continue to be missed. 2 3 We present two cases of intraorbital wooden foreign bodies that were initially undetected. A high index of suspicion and a detailed history and examination are important in suspected cases of intraorbital foreign bodies.

### Case 1

A 20 month old girl presented to the paediatric accident and emergency department having sustained a fall indoors near a fireplace. A laceration of the right cheek was closed with sterile skin closures (3M, St Paul, MN) and she was discharged. Forty eight hours later she presented with persistent swelling and erythema of the cheek and lower lid. She was admitted and given intravenous antibiotics. Plain x ray films of the facial and orbital bones were unremarkable.

One week after the original injury an ophthalmic opinion was sought. Visual acuity tested with Teller …
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pneumonia-Reply
Authors: Lawrence R. Crane
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of and recovery from RSV infection is not clear. Passive maternal antibody does not protect infants from fatal disease. Killed vaccine that stimulates high titers of neutralizing antibody does not prevent vaccinees from natural infection, and subsequent infection may be serious.<sup>1</sup>In contrast, the appearance of RSV-specific nasal IgA correlates with decreased nasal virus shedding and clinical recovery.<sup>2</sup>Cellular immune mechanisms appear both to enhance disease and mediate recovery.<sup>1,3</sup> Our patient's immune deficient state was complex. He had received total lymphoid irradiation and chemotherapy three years earlier. Before induction chemotherapy there was impaired lymphocyte response to alloantigens of unrelated lymphocytes in cultures. Despite a fatal, overwhelming RSV pneumonia, he had a poor antibody response. Total lymphoid irradiation is highly immunosuppressive, to the point of allograft tolerance.<sup>4,5</sup>Mixed lymphocyte reactions are severely impaired for as long