tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Different changes in expression and function of connexin 26 and connexin 32 during DNA synthesis and redifferentiation in primary rat hepatocytes using a DMSO culture system
Authors: T Kojima
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

In the present study, we determined in detail the changes of liver gap junctions, connexin 26 (Cx26), and connexin 32 (Cx32), during DNA synthesis and redifferentiation of hepatocytes in vitro. We used primary rat hepatocytes that expressed the liver gap junction proteins, which were cultured in the medium containing epidermal growth factor (EGF) with 2% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and 10(-7) mol/L glucagon (a DMSO culture system), as we previously reported. In the present cultures, almost confluent hepatocytes cultured in the medium containing EGF with 2% DMSO and 10(-7) mol/L glucagon, underwent a nearly synchronous wave of DNA synthesis induced by the removal of 2% DMSO and 10(-7) mol/L glucagon, and the addition of 10 mmol/L nicotinamide, after which the DNA synthesis was completely re-inhibited by the re-addition of 2% DMSO and 10(-7) mol/L glucagon. During stimulation of DNA synthesis, both Cx26 and Cx32 messenger RNA (mRNAs) in hepatocytes transiently increased in the G1 phase and then markedly decreased before the onset of the S phase, while only Cx26 messenger RNA (mRNA) increased slightly in the S/M phase. Furthermore, before the onset of the S phase, a disappearance of both Cx26 and Cx32 immunoreactivities and gap junction plaques were observed. Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), as measured by lucifer yellow, which indicated the function of Cx32, decreased markedly from before the onset of the S phase. GJIC measured by propidium iodide, which indicated the function of Cx26, decreased from before the onset of the S phase and then increased slightly in the S/M phase. During the re-inhibition after the stimulation of DNA synthesis, Cx32 mRNA, but not Cx26 mRNA, rapidly returned to the pretreatment control level. Cx32 immunoreactivity and gap junction plaques also recovered. However, the recovery of GJIC measured by lucifer yellow was later than that of Cx32 expression. These results indicated the different changes of expression and function of Cx26 and Cx32 in the hepatocytes during stimulation and re-inhibition of DNA synthesis. This culture system should be useful as a model in which to study liver gap junctions during hepatocyte growth and differentiation in vitro.
STUDIES ON COMMERCIAL BACTERIOPHAGE PRODUCTS
Authors: MARGARET E. STRAUB
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Bacteriophage therapy is now being widely used for many types of bacterial infection. In the United States at the present time there are three well known pharmaceutic companies manufacturing bacteriophage and offering it to the medical profession. The present impartial study was undertaken to test these preparations in vitro to ascertain whether they contained genuine potent bacteriophages. It may serve as a guide to physicians who use such preparations and aid them in interpreting clinical results. Should a commercial product prove to contain a bacteriophage only feebly potent or one not capable of producing any lytic action, failure in therapy need not reflect on or injure the reputation of genuine bacteriophage.  The first company 1 markets a jelly described in the labels on tube and carton as an antigen containing lysed proteins of staphylococcus. In the accompanying literature, however, appears the definite statement that bacteriophage is present. There are also
The Last Well Person
Authors: Clifton K. Meador
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

"A well person is a patient who has not been completely worked up." -- a resident's answer to the question, "What is a well person?" (Freymann J: personal communication)."There must be something the matter with someone who goes to see a doctor when there is nothing the matter"1.Well people are disappearing. I should have known it was coming when the invalids became extinct. (Invalids disappeared shortly after the advent of Medicare, which demanded specific diagnostic labels even though none applied2.) However, I began to realize what was happening only a year ago, at a dinner party. . . .
RADIOGRAPHY OF CALCIFICATION IN CARDIAC VALVES DURING LIFE
Authors: J. V. Sparks, C. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1934)

Following the description in 1933 by Sosman and Wosika,1 and Bishop and Roesler,2 of calcification in the cardiac valves, we have attempted to demonstrate these calcifications radioscopically. One of us (C. E.) selected clinical cases which were likely to show these calcifications, and they were revealed in the first case examined. The clinical and radiological findings are briefly described, together with the radiographic technique used to demonstrate such a lesion. A married woman, aged 52 years, had for twenty months complained of pain in the sternal region, which occurred chiefly on hurrying, and very occasionally when sitting still. There was giddiness on sitting up suddenly or stooping; and sometimes shortness of breath. There was no history of rheumatism or growing pains. The patient was a little cyanosed, and not obviously short of breath. The heart was enlarged slightly, the apex being in the fifth space in the midclavicular line, the impulse being heaving. There was a systolic thrill in the seco...
IL-1α stimulated TNFα production by cultured human proximal tubular epithelial cells
Authors: Benito A. Yard, Mohamed R. Daha, Mariska Kooymans-Couthino, Jan A. Bruijn, Marion E. Paape, E. Schrama, Leendert A. van Es, Fokko J. van der Woude
Journal: Kidney International (1992)
Outcomes of Carotid Endarterectomy
Authors: Camilo R. Gomez
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters15 April 1991Outcomes of Carotid EndarterectomyCamilo R. Gomez, MDCamilo R. Gomez, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-8-703_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editors: The article by Brook and colleagues (1) contains serious methodologic flaws that make some of the findings questionable and others reprehensible.First, the outcome of the study is based on "appropriateness" of carotid endarterectomy. Nobody knows exactly for what patient, if any, this procedure is appropriate. The authors themselves recognize this in their introduction and yet analyze the data based on opinions expressed by consultants (2).Second, the issue of "illness-severity" is problematic. It is unclear to what illness the authors are referring: isolated carotid artery disease? cerebrovascular atherosclerosis? ischemic brain disease? and, if so, hemodynamic? embolic?...References1. BrookParkChassinKosecoffKeeseySolomon RRMJJD. Carotid endarterectomy for elderly patients: predicting complications. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:747-53. LinkGoogle Scholar2. WinslowSolomonChassin CDM. The appropriateness of carotid endarterectomy. N Engl J Med. 1988;318:721-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. BrookParkChassinKosecoffKeeseySolomon RRMJJD. Carotid endarterectomy for elderly patients: predicting complications. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:747-53. LinkGoogle Scholar2. BrookParkChassinKosecoffKeeseySolomon RRMJJD. Do patient, physician, and hospital characteristics affect appropriateness and outcome of selected procedures? R-3929-AARP/CF/HF/ HCFA/PMT/RWJ/RC. Santa Monica, California: The Rand Corporation; [In press]. Google Scholar3. BrookWilliams RK. Foreign medical graduates and their impact on the quality of medical care in the United States. Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly. 1975;53:549-81. CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: St. Louis University Medical Center St. Louis, MO 63110 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 April 1991Volume 114, Issue 8Page: 703-704KeywordsAtherosclerosisBrain diseasesCarotid arteriesCarotid endarterectomyHemodynamics Issue Published: 15 April 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...
"INTESTINAL WORMS AND APPENDICITIS"
Authors: L. N. Garlough
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the editorial, January 27, on "Intestinal Worms and Appendicitis," this statement occurs: "It has been objected that very few of the thousands of appendixes removed are reported to contain parasites." F. K. Noack is quoted as having found nine appendixes out of fifteen infested; the work was evidently done on European patients. It may not be amiss to supplement the editorial with the following note: I recently dissected ninety-six appendixes removed at operation with the express purpose of obtaining some definite percentage figures as to parasitic infestation of the organ. Four of the ninety-six, or 4.16 per cent., harbored<i>Oxyuris vermicularis</i>. The infestation varied widely. The most lightly infested appendix had one large adult female; the most heavily infested had twenty-five worms—larvae, adult males and females. Histologically, the organs showed an acute or subacute inflammation, with many polymorphonuclear leukocytes and a few to numerous eosinophils. No
Thrombin receptor mediated signals induce expressions of interleukin 6 and granulocyte colony stimulating factor via NF-kappa B activation in synovial fibroblasts
Authors: H. Shin, I. Kitajima, T. Nakajima, Q. Shao, T. Tokioka, I. Takasaki, N. Hanyu, T. Kubo, I. Maruyama
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1999)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> To clarify the mechanism of thrombin receptor mediated signal transduction and the induction of cytokines by thrombin stimulation in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. <h3>METHODS</h3> Cytokines were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the supernatants of cultured rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts stimulated by thrombin. To assess the mechanism of thrombin receptor mediated signal transduction in the rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts, electrophoretic mobility gel shift assay (EMSA), immunoglobulin κ-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) assay, and immunostaining for NF-κB subunit molecule was performed. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Thrombin stimulation activated the inducible transcription factor NF-κB, and then induced subsequent expressions of interleukin 6 (IL6) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the cells. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> Thrombin receptor mediated signal transduction could induce the expressions of IL6 and G-CSF, and increase inflammatory events in the cavum articulare via NF-κB activation.
Evaluation of Left Ventricular Performance by Gated Radionuclide Angiography
Authors: BARRY H. GREENBERG, DENIS DREW, ELIAS H. BOTVINICK, JEFFREY A. WERNER, STEVEN C. KLAUSNER, DAVID M. SHAMES, WILLIAM W. PARMLEY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1980)

Gated radionuclide angiography (RVG) in orthogonal projections was used to evaluate left ventricular volume, ejection fraction, and segmental wall motion. Images of the left ventricle at end-diastole and endsystole were outlined in two projections using a simple manual method. The perimeter drawings were digitized on a desktop computer, interfaced to an XY recorder and left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction calculated. The results were compared to contrast left ventriculography (CVG) in the same projections. RVG and CVG gave similar results for end-diastolic volume (r = .87, P < 0.001), end-systolic volume (r = .95, P < 0.001), and ejection fraction (r = .89, P < 0.001) over a wide range of values. In 92% of all left ventricular segments analyzed, RVG and CVG showed only minor differences in the analysis of wall motion. Reproducibility of the method by a trained observer was excellent. Interobserver trials demonstrated that less well-trained observers consistently over- or underestimated volumes, emphasizing the need for prior experience in RVG analysis. Use of this manual method for analysis of gated equilibrium RVG in orthogonal projections appears to be a reasonably accurate, reproducible method for evaluating left ventricular function.
Ambulatory Monitoring and Blood Pressure Variability
Authors: William B. White
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is a relatively new clinical and research technique that uses invasive and noninvasive blood pressure measurement methods combined with computer technology for data analysis to evaluate the variability of blood pressure. While the intra-arterial technique for ambulatory blood pressure monitoring has been around for 30 years, the automatic noninvasive devices have only come into regular use in the last several years. The amount of information in the medical literature derived from ambulatory blood pressure monitoring has grown impressively in the past decade, however, as numerous investigators around the globe have carried out studies of blood pressure variability, especially with regard to diagnostic and therapeutic utility. Prior to Dr Pickering's book, there were a few volumes of collected papers on ambulatory blood pressure monitoring from research meetings in the early and middle 1980s. However, none of these symposia proceedings are a "set piece" that comprehensively reviews the
Need for a Patient Advocate
Authors: Condict Moore
Journal: JAMA (1989)

GOVERNMENT and the insurance industry have intruded in recent years into the delicate, crucial relationship between physicians and patients. The primary physician's ability to play an unbiased role in the decisions about optimum care and a patient's faith in one physician's capacity to manage important health matters are disappearing.<sup>1</sup>Experts foresee no relief from this medical care muddle (<i>New York Times</i>. May 2, 1988:26).<sup>2-4</sup>When major disease strikes today, care is revealed to be patterned by quasi-medical and nonmedical forces. Optimum care becomes rationed by the size and wealth of each medical care complex.<sup>5</sup>Routine care often follows this dictum: treat at local facilities until things go badly, then refer (this can waste money and often harms patients). The patient is caught in the middle. Primary physicians working in this new milieu struggle to sustain complete commitment to patient welfare.<sup>6</sup>To survive, many primary physicians today
Stromal contribution to the colorectal cancer transcriptome
Authors: Claudio Isella, Andrea Terrasi, Sara Erika Bellomo, Consalvo Petti, Giovanni Galatola, Andrea Muratore, Alfredo Mellano, Rebecca Senetta, Adele Cassenti, Cristina Sonetto, Giorgio Inghirami, Livio Trusolino, Zsolt Fekete, Mark De Ridder, Paola Cassoni, Guy Storme, Andrea Bertotti, Enzo Medico
Journal: Nature Genetics (2015)
Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Bacteremia
Authors: Michael A. Martin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Objective: To determine the attributable mortality and the excess length of hospital stay resulting from coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia. Design: Matched historical cohort study. Setting: Large university-based tertiary care center. Patients: Of 171 patients with hospital-acquired coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia identified by prospective surveillance of nosocomial infections from 1 July 1984 to 30 June 1987, 118 met criteria for the study and were matched to a control patient by age, sex, primary diagnose, operative procedures, and date of admission. Measurements and Results: Success was achieved in 621 of 650 (96%) variables used for matching. Staphylococcus epidermidis accounted for 92% of the bacteremias. Twenty cases (17%) had evidence of septic shock, and 10 had disseminated intravascular coagulation. The mortality rate in cases was 36 of 118 (30.5%) compared with 20 of 118 (16.9%) in controls. The attributable mortality was 13.6% (95% CI, 4.2 to 22.9) and the risk ratio for dying was 1.8 (95% CI, 1.2 to 2.7; P = 0.006). The median length of stay was 46 days for cases and 37.5 for controls (P = 0.0002). Conclusions: Coagulase-negative staphylococci, the leading organisms causing hospital-acquired bacteremias, are associated with mortality in excess of that due to the underlying diseases alone. Moreover, they significantly prolong the length of hospital stay. These findings show the importance of coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia in hospitalized patients.
The Vanishing Nonforensic Autopsy
Authors: Kaveh G. Shojania, Elizabeth C. Burton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

We've all heard about cases in which a patient presumed to have died from acute myocardial infarction was discovered at autopsy to have had an aortic dissection, or a patient who presented with decompensated liver failure from presumed alcoholic cirrhosis but proved at autopsy to have widely metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. Indeed, an extensive literature documents the frequency with which autopsy reveals clinically significant diagnoses that were missed before death.1 Autopsies also generate more accurate vital statistics, provide pathological descriptions of new diseases, and offer powerful tools for education and quality assurance (see Benefits of Nonforensic Autopsies). Yet despite these benefits, . . .
Effects of troglitazone on fat distribution in the treatment of male type 2 diabetes
Authors: Toshihide Kawai, Izumi Takei, Yuko Oguma, Norimi Ohashi, Mikiya Tokui, Shuji Oguchi, Fuminori Katsukawa, Hiroshi Hirose, Akira Shimada, Kiyoaki Watanabe, Takao Saruta
Journal: Metabolism (1999)
Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty in New York State
Authors: Joseph A. Chiota
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Recently, two<i>JAMA</i>articles detailed the practice of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in New York State for the years 1990 (Hilborne et al<sup>1</sup>) and 1991 (Hannan et al<sup>2</sup>). While Hilborne et al examined 1306 PTCAs at random, Hannan et al reviewed all 5827 procedures the following year. Hilborne et al followed procedural mortality, but in 1991, Hannan et al changed that end point to inhospital mortality. Such changes have made it difficult to detect trends in PTCA patterns in New York State from 1990 through 1991; however, analysis is still possible, and some conclusions prove to be disturbing. Most statistics (overall success rate, percentage of men, number of single-vessel PTCAs, postprocedure myocardial infarctions, and acute vessel occlusions) remained virtually unchanged from 1990 to 1991, while others varied only slightly (rate of emergency bypass and the percentage of patients aged 65 years and older). Mortality
Grouped retinae and tapetal cups in some Teleostian fish: Occurrence, structure, and function
Authors: Mike Francke, Moritz Kreysing, Andreas Mack, Jacob Engelmann, Anett Karl, Felix Makarov, Jochen Guck, Mathias Kolle, Hartwig Wolburg, Roland Pusch, Gerhard von der Emde, Stefan Schuster, Hans-Joachim Wagner, Andreas Reichenbach
Journal: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (2013)
Unsupervised surgical training: questionnaire study
Authors: J. A Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Objectives: To determine the extent to which plasma antioxidant concentrations in people with habitual low intake of fruit and vegetables respond to increased intakes of these foods.To examine whether advice to increase fruit and vegetables will result in reduction of concentrations of total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol.Design: Randomised controlled trial in which intervention and control groups were followed up for eight weeks.The intervention group was asked to consume eight servings of fruit and vegetables a day.Setting: Dunedin, New Zealand.Subjects: Eighty seven subjects with normal lipid concentrations who ate three or fewer servings of fruit and vegetables daily.Main outcome measures: Plasma concentrations of vitamin C, retinol, and carotene, tocopherol, lipids, and lipoproteins.Dietary intake assessed with diet records over four days.Results: The mean plasma vitamin C, carotene, and carotene concentrations increased in parallel with increased dietary intake of fruit and vegetables in the intervention group.Concentrations of retinol, tocopherol, lipids, and lipoproteins remained unchanged despite some increase in dietary vitamin E and a small reduction in saturated fat intake.Conclusions: Following a recommendation to increase fruit and vegetable consumption produces change in plasma concentrations of vitamin C, carotene, and carotene likely to reduce incidence of cancer.More specific dietary advice to modify fat intake may be necessary to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease mediated by lipoprotein and vitamin E.
The ORION statement: guidelines for transparent reporting of outbreak reports and intervention studies of nosocomial infection
Authors: Sheldon P Stone, Ben S Cooper, Chris C Kibbler, Barry D Cookson, Jenny A Roberts, Graham F Medley, Georgia Duckworth, Rosalind Lai, Shah Ebrahim, Erwin M Brown, Phil J Wiffen, Peter G Davey
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2007)
INSULIN SHOCK TREATMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: FANNY G. HALPERN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1940)

The method used and general observations made during insulin shock treatment of schizophrenia are discussed. From November, 1936, to March, 1939, 76 cases of schizophrenia were treated; 56 of them finished the complete course of therapy, the remaining 20 are either still taking the treatment or the treatment was interrupted for various reasons. A higher percentage of patients in China compared with those in western countries proved to be unfit for insulin shock treatment. Observations point more to climatic than to racial differences. From this study, the prospect for remission appears to be dependent on the duration of the disease, the type and course of schizophrenia as well as the form of the onset, cases with an acute onset showing more inclination for remission than those with a gradually progressive course. The duration of the treatment until remission is not dependent on the duration of the disease. Remissions in certain cases with protracted treatment or late remissions after shock therapy cannot be positively considered as the result of the shock therapy. The shock dose shows lower average values in cases with shorter duration of the disease than in chronic cases. The dose required for a shock usually decreases during the course of treatment. In one particular case, the shock dose fluctuated in accordance with the mental condition of the patient. Relapses occurred in 5 of the 20 cases with full remission after the shock therapy. I wish to express my thanks to Drs. John C. Tseng and Richard Wang for their valuable assistance.
Endogenous erythroid and megakaryocytic circulating progenitors, HUMARA clonality assay, and PRV-1 expression are useful tools for diagnosis of polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Lourdes Florensa, Carles Besses, Lurdes Zamora, Beatriz Bellosillo, Blanca Espinet, Sergi Serrano, Soledad Woessner, Francesc Solé
Journal: Blood (2004)