tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nail Down Handedness
Authors: Richard A. Pittsley
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Determination of handedness is desirable in the prognosis of brain disease and in the evaluation of disability claims after upper-extremity injuries. A simple method of predicting handedness with high accuracy by observation of thumbnails has been claimed.<sup>1</sup>To assess the reliability of this method, we evaluated 104 subjects (49 men and 55 women aged 18 to 63 years) in a double-blind fashion. To eliminate bias, since about 90% of people are right-handed, the hands were draped, exposing only the thumbnails, which were crossed or uncrossed according to a coin toss, preventing the examiners from determining right from left (Figure). Dominance was predicted by choosing the thumbnail with the wider base and the more obtuse angles found at the corners. Subsequently, the subjects were asked which hand they used for fine motor activities: 90 preferred the right hand, 14 the left. Two observers independently predicted dominance by
A Christmas visit
Authors: C. Thorpe
Journal: BMJ (2003)

It was a dark and snowy evening, shortly before Christmas, when a woman with respiratory failure at the Eastern General Hospital in Edinburgh became ill enough to merit intensive care. As the hospital did not have an intensive care unit on site, we were called to transfer the patient across to the unit at Western General. A decision had to be made whether to anaesthetise her before transfer or whether to take her across awake—always a tricky decision. I chose the latter as her condition had not deteriorated over the past 24 hours and currently she was stable on supplementary oxygen, although breathless.

During the15 minute journey across Edinburgh she seemed to be coping reasonably well. In this …
Physical activity and public health
Authors: P. A. Mauer
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —I read with interest the article by Dr Pate and colleagues.1While the evidence is clear that physical activity is related to health, it would appear from this article that the only physical activity that matters is leisure-time physical activity. I see no mention of physical activity related to employment. People in lower socioeconomic groups may engage in less leisure-time physical activity, but may have jobs that demand much more physical activity.  I doubt that the cardiovascular system recognizes only leisure-time activity as beneficial. The emphasis on leisure-time activity may well lead to erroneous assumptions about the role of physical exertion in the health status of various demographic groups.
Retinal Vascular Response to Hyperbaric Oxygenation
Authors: Herbert A. Saltzman
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Hyperbaric oxygenation increases both the tension and concentration of oxygen in blood to levels far in excess of that obtained by any other means.<sup>1,2</sup>The resultant increase in oxygen delivery to tissues may correct or prevent hypoxic damage if the ischemic organs are adequately perfused.<sup>3</sup>Central nervous system tissue is especially vulnerable to hypoxic damage and improved oxygenation due to hyperbaric exposure would be of great clinical value. However, previous studies indicate that cerebral blood flow decreases during the respiration of pure oxygen.<sup>4</sup>As a result, cerebral venous blood is incompletely oxygenated, despite increases in arterial blood oxygen tension to values in excess of 2,100 mm Hg.<sup>2</sup>In order to further evaluate this problem, the retinal vasculature of normal subjects was photographed and measured during exposure to both increased atmospheric pressures and hyperoxia in a hyperbaric chamber. The retinal portion of the cerebral circulation is easily
Ischemic injury in liver transplantation: Difference in injury sites between warm and cold ischemia in rats
Authors: Tetsuo Ikeda, Katsuhiko Yanaga, Keiji Kishikawa, Saburo Kakizoe, Mitsuo Shimada, Keizo Sugimachi
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

Using liver allografts with warm or cold ischemia, we evaluated functional and morphological alterations in hepatocytes, sinusoidal endothelial cells and Kupffer cells in a rat transplantation model. All recipients of allografts with either 4 hr of cold or 30 min of warm ischemia lived more than 22 days and were judged viable. On the other hand, all recipients of grafts with 6 hr of cold or 60 min of warm ischemia died within 2 days and were therefore judged to be nonviable. With these viable and nonviable allograft models, hepatocyte function was evaluated by the bile output and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and serum lactate dehydrogenase levels; endothelial cell function was judged by the serum hyaluronic acid level, and Kupffer cell function was measured by an intravenous colloidal carbon clearance test. Hepatocyte injury was the prominent feature in warm ischemic grafts, especially in the nonviable ones. On the other hand, serum hyaluronic acid values were significantly higher in the nonviable cold ischemic group, compared with the viable counterpart, suggesting that the functional depression of endothelial cells was predominant in cold, nonviable livers. Histological examinations coincided with the above findings. The phagocytic activity of Kupffer cells was depressed by warm or cold ischemia, whereas the number of Kupffer cells was reduced in the warm ischemia group. We conclude that in liver allografts the main site of injury in warm ischemia is the hepatocytes and suggest that cold ischemia is associated with endothelial cell damage.
Diagnosis of Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defect With Transesophageal Echocardiography
Authors: Roess D. Pascoe, Jae K. Oh, Carole A. Warnes, Gordon K. Danielson, A. Jamil Tajik, James B. Seward
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Sinus venosus atrial septal defect (SVD) is underdiagnosed with transthoracic echocardiography because of its posterior (far field) location. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) should be ideally suited to diagnose SVD, given the proximity of the transducer to the defect.A retrospective study was undertaken that used the medical history, echocardiographic findings, and surgical data of patients identified from computer records as having the diagnosis of SVD during the period in which TEE has been in use (1987 to 1995). Twenty-five patients (14 females and 11 males; median age, 45 years; range, 10 to 75 years) with SVD had TEE between 1987 and 1995. Prior transthoracic echocardiography clearly defined the SVD in 3 of these patients, and it was suspected in another 11 on the basis of color-flow imaging. Ten patients had unexplained dilatation of the right side of the heart, which prompted TEE examination. SVD was visualized with TEE in all 25 patients and ranged in size from 1 to 3 cm. Thirty-seven right-sided anomalous pulmonary venous connections were identified in 23 patients. No left-sided anomalous pulmonary venous connections were detected. Anatomic confirmation was obtained in all 23 surgical patients. No patient required preoperative cardiac catheterization for diagnosis.TEE is accurate for the diagnosis of SVD and should be undertaken in any patient with unexplained dilatation of the right side of the heart. The associated pulmonary venous abnormalities can be identified with TEE. Cardiac catheterization for diagnostic purposes should not be required before surgical correction.
Teenagers need sex education, not just abstinence advice
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2005)

In revised guidelines, the American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended that teenagers receive counselling to postpone sexual activity and also information about and access to contraception, including over the counter emergency contraception without a prescription ( Pediatrics 2005;115: 281-6). The academy's 60 000 members provide primary care to infants, children, and teenagers up to the age of 18 or 21.

Jonathan Klein, chairman of the committee that drew up the guidelines, told the BMJ that the new report was a routine update to consider newer options such as emergency contraception, not a …
Treatment for children with brain tumours
Authors: M C G Stevens, A D Hockley, D Spooner, A R Walsh
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The overall survival for children with malignant brain tumours has not greatly improved in recent years, so that apparently innovative treatments may seem attractive, especially in cases with a poor prognosis. Problems associated with treating such children include balancing the need to provide optimum treatment for individual patients with the need to properly evaluate advances in treatment in clinical trials and determining who should be responsible for decisions about funding such treatments. Treatment abroad is rarely justified when judged on the basis of whether the treatment is available in Britain (or European Community) and whether there is accepted evidence for its clinical benefit. However, referral to specialist paediatric centres is essential. The range of daily experience in such centres allows an educated choice between established and new treatments. Close collaboration between these centres is essential for clinical trials.
Phase II trial of sequential therapy with fludarabine followed by cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, vincristine, and prednisone for low-grade follicular lymphomas
Authors: Nitin Rohatgi, Renato V. LaRocca, Vanessa Bard, Gopalan Sethuraman, Kenneth A. Foon
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract Advanced follicular lymphomas, grades I and II, are indolent tumors but are not considered curable with standard therapy. Fludarabine has the highest single‐agent response rates in this disease. However, fludarabine‐based combination chemotherapy regimens have been associated with significant myelotoxicity. Data exist suggesting that the best way to combine partially non‐cross‐resistant agents may be to use them sequentially. Patients with bulky stage II, stage III, or stage IV follicular lymphoma (grade I or II) were entered on this protocol. Patients were treated with 3 cycles of fludarabine followed by 6–8 cycles of cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, vincristine, and prednisone (CNOP). Response was assessed after the 3 rd cycle of fludarabine and after the 4 th , 6 th , and 8 th cycles of CNOP. Twenty‐seven patients were entered on the protocol. Median follow‐up was 50 months. Eighteen patients (67%) attained a complete response (CR), and eight patients (30%) attained a partial response (PR), for an overall response rate of 97%. Median relapse‐free survival was 34 months, and median overall survival was not reached for the entire cohort. While all patients who achieved only PR progressed, more than half of those in CR remain free of progression at 39–84 months of follow‐up. The regimen was well tolerated. The sequential combination of fludarabine and CNOP appears to be active and well tolerated in patients with grade I and II follicular lymphoma. Patients who achieve CR fare best, and many remain disease‐free long term. While these results are encouraging, the addition of other active agents such as rituximab to this regimen may further enhance efficacy and is under investigation. Am. J. Hematol. 70:181–185, 2002.© 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Failure of neutrophils to migrate into psoriatic lesions
Authors: Beate M. Czarnetzki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Journal Article Failure of neutrophils to migrate into psoriatic lesions Get access Beate M. Czarnetzki Beate M. Czarnetzki Department of Clinical Research, Dermatology F. Hoffmann La Roche CH 4058 Basel, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 118, Issue 5, 1 May 1988, Pages 733–734, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1988.tb02586.x Published: 01 May 1988
The Effects of Amyl Nitrite and Nitroglycerin on the Arterial and Venous Beds in Man.
Authors: Dean T. Mason
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 May 1965The Effects of Amyl Nitrite and Nitroglycerin on the Arterial and Venous Beds in Man.Dean T. Mason, M.D., Eugene Braunwald, M.D., F.A.C.P.Dean T. Mason, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Eugene Braunwald, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-5-1069_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn spite of the widespread use of amyl nitrite and nitroglycerin in clinical medicine as therapeutic agents and diagnostic aids, the mode of action of these drugs on the circulation remains to be defined. To determine their actions on the arterial and venous beds of the forearm in normal man, forearm blood flow was measured with a strain-gauge plethysmograph and forearm vascular resistance was calculated. Venous tone was estimated after venous occlusion of the upper arm by an acute occlusion technique and by an equilibration technique in which changes in forearm volume were assessed at constant forearm venous pressure. In... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Dean T. Mason, M.D.; Eugene Braunwald, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Bethesda, Maryland PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1965Volume 62, Issue 5Page: 1069-1070KeywordsBlood flowDiagnostic medicineDrugs ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...
Induction of IgG3 secretion by interferon gamma: a model for T cell-independent class switching in response to T cell-independent type 2 antigens.
Authors: C M Snapper, T M McIntyre, R Mandler, L M Pecanha, F D Finkelman, A Lees, J J Mond
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

T cell-independent type 2 (TI-2), in contrast to T-dependent, antigens stimulate the production of murine IgG3. To investigate a possible role for cytokines in mediating the induction of this IgG subclass, we established an in vitro polyclonal model system for studying TI-2 antigen-mediated B cell activation by using dextran-conjugated anti-IgD antibody (alpha delta-dex). We demonstrate that interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) stimulates, and interleukin 4 inhibits, the expression of IgG3 by alpha delta-dexactivated cells. The production of IFN-gamma by non-T cells in response to bacterial products, possibly capsular polysaccharides, may provide an explanation underlying the ability of TI antigens, which are unable to directly stimulate T cell-derived cytokines to induce Ig isotype switching.
Urinary Osmolality And Acid Excretion In Schistosomal Uropathy
Authors: Stuart W. Young, Zoheir Farid
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Letters1 August 1973Urinary Osmolality And Acid Excretion In Schistosomal UropathySTUART W. YOUNG, M.D., ZOHEIR FARID, M.D.STUART W. YOUNG, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ZOHEIR FARID, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-79-2-275 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Hydrogen ion excretion and renal concentrating mechanisms are impaired in renal parenchymal infections (1, 2), and impairment in renal concentrating ability is associated with urinary tract obstruction (3). Bacteriuria and obstructive uropathy often complicate Schistosoma haematobium infection; we have studied patients with this condition to investigate the interaction of obstruction and bacteriuria and their effect on renal function.Urine acidification (pH) and total hydrogen ion (titratable acid plus ammonium) excretion (4), maximum and minimum urine osmolality, and endogenous creatinine clearance (per 1.73 m2body surface area) were studied in 61 male patients, aged 9 to 46 years,...References1. BERLYNE G: Distal tubular function in chronic hydronephrosis. Q J Med 30:339-355, 1961 MedlineGoogle Scholar2. RONALDCUTLERTURCK ARM: Effect of bacteriuria on renal concentrating mechanisms. Ann Intern Med 70:723-733, 1969 LinkGoogle Scholar3. LEHMANFARIDBASSILY JZS: Hydronephrosis, bacteriuria, and maximal urine concentration in urinary schistosomiasis. Ann Intern Med 75:49-55, 1971 LinkGoogle Scholar4. WRONGDAVIES OH: The excretion of acid in renal disease. Q J Med 28:259-313, 1959 MedlineGoogle Scholar5. FARIDHIGASHIBASSILY ZGS: Chronic salmonellosis, urinary schistosomiasis and massive proteinuria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 21:578-581, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByRenal disease due to schistosomiasis of the lower urinary tract 1 August 1973Volume 79, Issue 2Page: 275-276KeywordsBody surface areaCreatinineExcretionUrinary tract infectionsUrine Issue Published: 1 August 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Abstract 5642: Investigation of effective combination of anti-cancer drugs and radiation therapy against non-small cell lung cancer using NCI-H520 cell line
Authors: In-Jae Oh, Hee-Jung Ban, Yong-Soo Kwon, Kyu-Sik Kim, Sung-Chul Lim, Young-Chul Kim, Sang-Yun Song, Kook-Joo Na, Mee-Sun Yoon, Sung-Ja Ahn, Song Choi, Yun-Hyeon Kim, Yoo-Duk Choi, Chan Choi
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Radiotherapy (RT) is used for to treat unresectable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). For better disease control, RT has recently been combined with chemotherapy (CTx) in a variety of ways. This study examined the most effective combination methods of CTX and RT against NSCLC. Material and Methods: Human lung cancer cell line (NCI-H520) and various chemotherapeutic agents (paclitaxel, docetaxel, gemcitabine, and cisplatin) were used in this study. The radiation doses used were 0, 2, 4 and 8 Gy. After processing of various combinations according to the radiation dose and concentrations of chemotherapeutic agents, the level of cell survival was quantified by a MTT assay. The combination index was calculated using the Chou and Talalay method on Calcusyn software and used to examine the synergism between CTx and RT. Results: Among the various combinations of chemotherapeutic agents and radiation doses, concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) led to the highest rate of apoptosis and synergism. CTx followed by RT was the most effective combination when taxane was administrated. When high-dose chemotherapeutic agents were added to CCRT, induction CTx resulted in higher rate of apoptosis rate and synergism than consolidation CTx. Conclusions: CCRT is the most effective combination when RT is combined with CTx in the NCI-H520 cell line. Induction CTx is more effective than consolidation CTx if a high-dose chemotherapeutic agent is added to CCRT. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5642.
THE PREPARATION AND TESTING OF DIPHTHERIA ANTITOXIN.
Authors: GEORGE W. COX
Journal: JAMA (1897)

In a recent report to the Michigan State Board of Health, Dr. Charles T. McClintock of Detroit, makes the statement that "inspection of the most important laboratories of Germany, France, Austria and Great Britain reveals the fact that the methods in use for the production of diphtheria antitoxic serum and vaccine are much the same everywhere," etc. While this statement is entirely correct in a general way, it carries with it the impression that if the same methods are used by the various manufacturers, one could make just as good a serum as another, an impression as dangerous as it is erroneous. It is only necessary to mention the great discrepancy that exists between many of our drugs of the same name in order to illustrate this point. Essentially the same methods are used by all our manufacturers in the production of fluid extracts, for example, and yet our markets
BCG and Lymphoma
Authors: Emil Frei, Stuart Schlossman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Elsewhere in this issue Sokal et al. report that the use of BCG in patients with lymphoma in remission prolongs the duration of remission. This observation must be interpreted in the frame of reference that knowledge of the pathogenesis, staging, prognostic factors and treatment of lymphoma is changing and advancing rapidly and that tumor immunology and immunotherapy is undergoing a similar evolution. Thus, clinical responsiveness is being interpreted in a group of patients randomly allocated to receive BCG between 1965 and 1967. Although randomization in this study was, in general, successful in terms of comparability, a tilt in the direction . . .
Upregulation of Immunoreactive Angiotensin II Release and Angiotensinogen mRNA Expression by High-Frequency Preganglionic Stimulation at the Canine Cardiac Sympathetic Ganglia
Authors: Kazushi Kushiku, Hiromi Yamada, Kazuhiko Shibata, Ryoko Tokunaga, Takeshi Katsuragi, Tatsuo Furukawa
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Abstract —The possible involvement of the local angiotensin system in ganglionic functions was investigated in the canine cardiac sympathetic ganglia. Positive chronotropic responses to preganglionic stellate stimulation at high frequencies, after intravenous administration of pentolinium plus atropine, were inhibited by the nonpeptide angiotensin AT 1 receptor antagonist forasartan or the angiotensin I–converting enzyme inhibitor captopril, whereas the rate increases elicited by the postganglionic stellate stimulation and norepinephrine given intravenously failed to be inhibited by these antagonists. The levels of endogenous immunoreactive angiotensin II, as determined by radioimmunoassay in the incubation medium of the stellate and inferior cervical ganglia, were increased after the high-frequency preganglionic stimulation of the isolated ganglia. The increment of the peptide was also antagonized by the pretreatment with captopril but not by a chymase inhibitor, chymostatin. The expression of angiotensinogen mRNA was observed in the stellate ganglion, adrenal, liver, and lung but not in the ovary and spleen. The expression of the mRNA in the stellate and inferior cervical ganglia increased after high-frequency preganglionic stimulation of the in vivo dogs for a period of 1 hour. These results indicate that an intrinsic angiotensin I–converting enzyme–dependent angiotensin system exists in the cardiac sympathetic ganglia, which is activated by high-frequency preganglionic stimulation.
The "Normal" Range
Authors: J. D. Pryce
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor.—  The attempt by Dr. Elveback and her colleagues to exorcise the ghost of Gauss ( 211 :69-75, 1970), calls for some comment.  As they state, Gauss was primarily concerned with the theory of errors, but the components in an error distribution are analogous to those in any other type of measurement. If I measure the length of a table with a ruler I should get a single answer; however, the lengths of the table and the ruler vary with temperature and humidity, and there are parallax errors in reading the ruler, so I do not get a constant reading. Since there are three definable sources of variation, the range of measurements should be predictable; unfortunately, the three primary causes of variation, temperature, humidity, and parallax are themselves resultants of more remote causes, so that ultimately there are not three, but an indefinitely large number of determinant factors; as