tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interference with Immunoglobulin (Ig)α Immunoreceptor Tyrosine–Based Activation Motif (Itam) Phosphorylation Modulates or Blocks B Cell Development, Depending on the Availability of an Igβ Cytoplasmic Tail
Authors: Manfred Kraus, Lily I. Pao, Amy Reichlin, Yun Hu, Beth Canono, John C. Cambier, Michel C. Nussenzweig, Klaus Rajewsky
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2001)

To determine the function of immunoglobulin (Ig)α immunoreceptor tyrosine–based activation motif (ITAM) phosphorylation, we generated mice in which Igα ITAM tyrosines were replaced by phenylalanines (IgαFF/FF). IgαFF/FFmice had a specific reduction of B1 and marginal zone B cells, whereas B2 cell development appeared to be normal, except that λ1 light chain usage was increased. The mutants responded less efficiently to T cell–dependent antigens, whereas T cell–independent responses were unaffected. Upon B cell receptor ligation, the cells exhibited heightened calcium flux, weaker Lyn and Syk tyrosine phosphorylation, and phosphorylation of Igα non-ITAM tyrosines. Strikingly, when the Igα ITAM mutation was combined with a truncation of Igβ, B cell development was completely blocked at the pro-B cell stage, indicating a crucial role of ITAM phosphorylation in B cell development.
Hemodynamic Evaluation of Left Testicular Varicocele by Scrotal Scintigraphy
Authors: Kenji Minayoshi, Kenji Minayoshi, Hiroshi Okada, Hiroshi Okada, Masato Fujisawa, Masato Fujisawa, Katsuhito Yamasaki, Katsuhito Yamasaki, Sadao Kamidono, Sadao Kamidono
Journal: European Urology (2001)
Non-tuberculous pulmonary infections in Scotland: a cluster in Lothian?
Authors: F G Bollert, B Watt, A P Greening, G K Crompton
Journal: Thorax (1995)

BACKGROUND--A retrospective study was carried out to confirm the clinical impression that, in Lothian, non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections are as common as pulmonary tuberculosis. METHODS--All pulmonary isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis/bovis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria in Scotland from April 1990 to March 1993, and the notes of all patients with M malmoense isolates in Lothian, were reviewed. Information on mycobacterial culture procedures in Scottish laboratories was obtained as part of an audit project. RESULTS--Of all pulmonary isolates of mycobacteria in Lothian 53% (108/205) were non-tuberculous strains compared with 18% (140/800) for Scotland outside Lothian. Although comparable in population size and laboratory techniques, Lothian (108) had almost twice as many isolates of non-tuberculous mycobacteria as Glasgow (56), but the proportions of M malmoense and M avium intracellulare complex were similar in both areas. Of 41 patients with M malmoense isolates in Lothian 30 (75%) had clinically significant lung disease; only one was HIV positive. CONCLUSIONS--Non-tuberculous mycobacteria pose an increasing clinical problem in Scotland as a cause of pulmonary disease. There is a cluster of cases with M malmoense infection in Lothian which cannot be attributed to the high local prevalence of HIV.
Examination of the Larynx
Authors: Ziad E. Deeb
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The commentary "Why Can't Physicians Examine the Larynx?" by Harold C. Klein, MD (1982;247:2111) was long overdue. Although his call for rectifying this seemingly insoluble problem by instructing medical students in the use of telescopic laryngoscopy may at best be a remedy, it cannot serve as a panacea. After all, it takes the average student serving a clerkship on our service less than five days to become capable of examining the larynx with the mirror. The issue raised by Dr Klein is far too serious to be solved simply by switching instruments. The glaring deficiencies in the training of physiciains are a direct product of medical school policies that require a student to spend six or more weeks in psychiatry, for example, while leaving rotations in important subspecialties like otolaryngology entirely elective. At a time when more than 25% of emergency room workload is related to problems
Multiple Mixed Tumors of Salivary Glands
Authors: Norman Lenson, M. Stuart Strong
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

THE purpose of this communication is to present a case of two mixed tumors occurring simultaneously, involving the parotid gland and the homolateral submaxillary gland. The rarity of this occurrence renders this case of interest. No attempt is being made to give support to the concept of multicentric origin of mixed tumors on the basis of this report.Foote and Frazell1 have cited 3 cases of multiple mixed tumors of the salivary glands: a patient of Dr. Danely Slaughter who had a parotid mixed tumor and subsequently one of the homolateral submaxillary gland; a case of Dr. Ralph Braund that . . .
Pathology and Treatment of some Obscure Cases of Long-Continued Pain in Bone
Authors: H. Lee
Journal: BMJ (1852)

asisting to correct the mal-jxeticm, by IV to borrow a naufical phrase-4he head down to and into the pelvc cavity, simultaneously with the breech being uged upwards to the fundus ?In answer to both questions, with extreme deference, I not; and should another arm-presentation case ever come in my way, under suitable circumstances, I will desire to put in practice the very same course, modified only according to variety in position of the child, to be pre- sently noticed, which I unqualfiedly believe has been succesu in this occasion.Two inquiries suggest themselves. 1. Would the same manipula- tions produce a like result, if the child's right arm presented, its face and admen corresponding with those of the mother, the head still resting upon, or above her re/ht ilium?In that case, I should proceed in precisely the manner described, and hope for a similar termination.2. Would the same management be applicable, if the longtudinal poiion of the child in utero were reversed from that in te instahce related, the presentation being, then, the right or left arm, but with the head, whether occiput or sinciput, situated on, or above, the mother's lft ilium, and the breech in the direction of her right ilium?Yes: but it would be necessary that the woman should lie upon her rightside, and that the repressing force be employed by the rih hand of the accoucheur.Leeds, Sept. 10, 1852.
Renal sodium retention in pre-ascitic cirrhosis: The more we know about the puzzle, the more it becomes intricate
Authors: Mauro Bernardi, Luca Santi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)

Semeiotica Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Alma Mater Studiorum – Universita di Bologna, ItalySee Article, pages 856–862Ascites develops in 5–10% of patients with compensated cirrhosisper year and carries an ominous prognosis [1]. The appropriatemanagement and possible prevention of this complication obvi-ously depends on an in-depth knowledge of ascites pathophysiol-ogy, which remains somewhat elusive despite many studies thathave addressed the topic over decades. There is no doubt thatpost-sinusoidal portal hypertension is the main ‘‘local” pathoge-netic factor, and renal sodium retention is the main ‘‘systemic”event leading to a positive ﬂuid balance and, ultimately, ascitesformation. However, uncertainties surround both the efferent(that is the factors/systems promoting renal sodium retention)and afferent (that is the factors that activate efferent mecha-nisms) factors associated with renal sodium handling abnormal-ities [2]. Sodium balance has been demonstrated to becomepositive before ascites formation both in animal models of cirrho-sis and humans [3–6]. Study of the early mechanisms leading toascites would help unveil its pathophysiology in a stage of thedisease where further complications involving systemic hemody-namics and renal function may act as confounding factors. In thisissue of the Journal of Hepatology, Sansoe and co-workers pres-ent a ﬁne study on an efferent mechanism potentially leadingto renal sodium retention in pre-ascitic cirrhosis [7].It has been convincingly demonstrated, both in animal modelsof cirrhosis and patients, that pre-ascitic renal sodium retentionoccurs while the glomerular ﬁltration rate is well-preserved, indi-cating that sodium handling abnormalities reside at the tubularlevel [3–6]. Micropuncture studies performed in dogs withdimethylnitrosamine-induced cirrhosis showed that sodiumresorption by the proximal convoluted tubule and hence sodiumdelivery to the more distal nephron segments are not impaired[3]. This demonstrates that sodium retention occurs beyond theproximal convoluted tubule, and implies that both Henle’s loopand the collecting duct could be involved.In line with the hypothesis that the collecting duct, the aldo-sterone-sensitive portion of the nephron, is the main site ofsodium retention, is the demonstration that a progressiveincrease in positive sodium balance paralleled an increase inurinary aldosterone excretion in rats with pre-ascitic CCl
Should Heroin Be Available for Pain?-Reply
Authors: John R. Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Dr Farr's favorable comments about my recent article on heroin are appreciated, and his point concerning the relative solubilities of heroin and morphine is acknowledged.  Because most of the putative advantages of heroin reported in the literature have been related to its pharmacologic actions, my COMMENTARY was limited to a consideration of these; the physical properties were not discussed. As Dr Farr pointed out, and as reported by Twycross, the greater solubility of heroin permits the injection of an analgesic dose smaller in volume than that of an equianalgesic dose of morphine. However, heroin is not the only alternative to morphine with a greater solubility; other available analgesics, namely, hydromorphone hydrochloride and oxymorphone hydrochloride, are not only more soluble than morphine but are more potent on a milligram basis than heroin. (Incidentally, the solubility of morphine is greater than the 15 mg/mL concentration cited by Dr Farr. According
Inhibitory effects of nicorandil on sympathetic coronary vasoconstriction
Authors: M. Chujo, H. Mori, E. Tanaka, H. Nakazawa, H. Okino
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Objective: The aim was to investigate whether nicorandil suppresses the rise in coronary vascular resistance that occurs during stimulation of the sympathetic nerve supply to the heart and, if so, what are the mechanisms of action. Methods: The effects of nicorandil on coronary vascular resistance during ventrolateral cardiac nerve stimulation and on the reactivity of the coronary vasculature to intracoronary infusion of noradrenaline or neuropeptide Y (NPY) were examined under β receptor blockade. The effects of nicorandil on the overflow of noradrenaline and NPY during ansae subclaviae stimulation were compared with those in a control group and in a group treated with glyceryl trinitrate and Nω-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) under both α and β receptor blockade with vagotomy. Results: Intracoronary infusion of nicorandil decreased coronary vascular resistance prior to cardiac nerve stimulation, and during stimulation it suppressed the percentage increase in resistance from the prestimulation value. Nicorandil suppressed the reactivity of the coronary vasculature to exogenous noradrenaline and NPY. Intra-atrial infusion of nicorandil significantly reduced the overflow of NPY but not of noradrenaline during stimulation of the ansae subclaviae at 20 Hz. This suppressive effect was not observed in the glyceryl trinitrate + L-NNA group. Conclusions: Nicorandil reduces sympathetic coronary vasoconstriction by decreasing the reactivity of the vasculature to sympathetic neurotransmitters and by suppressing NPY overflow during cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation. The suppressive action on NPY overflow is thought to be due to the opening of ATP sensitive potassium channels in the sympathetic nerve endings rather than to a glyceryl trinitrate-like action of nicorandil.
O11 * TRANSCRIPTIONAL PROFILING OF DISTINCT COMPARTMENTS IN HUMAN GLIOBLASTOMA REVEALS KEY DYSREGULATED PATHWAYS
Authors: S. G. M. Piccirillo, I. Spiteri, A. Sottoriva, A. Touloumis, C. Curtis, J. Marioni, S. Tavaer, C. Watts
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and aggressive primary brain malignancy. Combining fluorescence-guided resection and neuroanatomy, we have identified three distinct compartments: the sub-ependymal zone (SEZ), the tumour mass (T) and the tumour margin (M). METHOD: RNA from T, SEZ and M of 15 GB patients was extracted for gene expression analysis using Trizol and cleaned up using Qiagen MiniElute columns prior to hybridization onto Illumina HT12v4 arrays. To assess whether genes in SEZ, T and M were differentially expressed, we performed analysis of variance (ANOVA)-type hypothesis testing. Genecodis was used to perform pathway analysis. RESULTS: We first investigated whether gene expression levels differed across SEZ, T and M where the M data represents tumour/host interface and identified the genes that were differentially expressed between SEZ-M and T-M (1449 and 2620 genes, respectively). Each list was functionally annotated to identify significant dysregulated pathways. SEZ-specific pathways were related to the immune response, while T-specific pathways were enriched in DNA repair and RNA metabolism. We focused our analysis on five key signaling cascades (Neurotrophin, MAPK, ErbB, Wnt, GnRH), which were dysregulated in both SEZ and T. The signaling cascade was more complex in T than in SEZ, although c-Myc was a central node to both networks. CONCLUSION: Transcriptional profiling of human GB compartments has identified groups of genes involved in critical molecular and cellular events that affect proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation. The gene expression study of each compartment may additionally contribute to our understanding of the genetic intra-tumour heterogeneity in GB.
Estimated Short-Term Effects of Coarse Particles on Daily Mortality in Stockholm, Sweden
Authors: Kadri Meister, Christer Johansson, Bertil Forsberg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Although serious health effects associated with particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM₁₀) and ≤ 2.5 μm (PM(2.5); fine fraction) are documented in many studies, the effects of coarse PM (PM(2.5-10)) are still under debate.
GLP-1R agonists are not a quick fix for weight loss
Authors: K. A. Iverson
Journal: BMJ (2012)

I query the validity of Vilsboll and colleagues’ statement, “traditional treatments for obesity are, unfortunately, often short lived and consequently not especially effective,” when glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists have not yet been proved to be any better.1 No studies in their meta-analysis compared the use of GLP-1R agonists with …
Tourism and Hotel Revenues Before and After Passage of Smoke-Free Restaurant Ordinances
Authors: Stanton A. Glantz
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Claims that ordinances requiring smoke-free restaurants will adversely affect tourism have been used to argue against passing such ordinances. Data exist regarding the validity of these claims.To determine the changes in hotel revenues and international tourism after passage of smoke-free restaurant ordinances in locales where the effect has been debated.Comparison of hotel revenues and tourism rates before and after passage of 100% smoke-free restaurant ordinances and comparison with US hotel revenue overall.Three states (California, Utah, and Vermont) and 6 cities (Boulder, Colo; Flagstaff, Ariz; Los Angeles, Calif; Mesa, Ariz; New York, NY; and San Francisco, Calif) in which the effect on tourism of smoke-free restaurant ordinances had been debated.Hotel room revenues and hotel revenues as a fraction of total retail sales compared with preordinance revenues and overall US revenues.In constant 1997 dollars, passage of the smoke-free restaurant ordinance was associated with a statistically significant increase in the rate of change of hotel revenues in 4 localities, no significant change in 4 localities, and a significant slowing in the rate of increase (but not a decrease) in 1 locality. There was no significant change in the rate of change of hotel revenues as a fraction of total retail sales (P=.16) or total US hotel revenues associated with the ordinances when pooled across all localities (P = .93). International tourism was either unaffected or increased following implementation of the smoke-free ordinances.Smoke-free ordinances do not appear to adversely affect, and may increase, tourist business.
Tackling deficient doctors
Authors: G. Scally
Journal: BMJ (1997)

When asked “Have we lost faith?” George Bernard Shaw replied, “Certainly not; but we have transferred it from God to the General Medical Council.”1 The UK continues to rely on self regulation among doctors, but, in the wake of increasing public concern about standards of medical practice and the profession's ability to deal with problem doctors, the GMC has moved from reactive to proactive mode. Instead of merely wagging the finger and telling doctors what they should not do, the council has made a determined attempt to forge an explicit view of how doctors should practise to the highest standards.2

This sea change in professional thinking was clearly demonstrated with the publication of …
Submassive Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Gregory Piazza
Journal: JAMA (2013)

The US Surgeon General estimates that 100 000 to 180 000 deaths occur annually from acute pulmonary embolism (PE) in the United States. The case of Ms A, a 60-year-old woman with acute PE and right ventricular dysfunction (submassive PE), illustrates the clinical challenge of identifying this high-risk patient population and determining when more aggressive immediate therapy should be pursued in addition to standard anticoagulation. The clinical examination, electrocardiogram, cardiac biomarkers, chest computed tomography, and echocardiography can be used to risk stratify patients with acute PE. Current options for more aggressive intervention in the treatment of patients with acute PE who are at increased risk of an adverse clinical course include systemic fibrinolysis, pharmacomechanical catheter-directed therapy, surgical pulmonary embolectomy, and inferior vena cava filter insertion. Determination of the optimal duration of anticoagulation and lifestyle modification to reduce overall cardiovascular risk are critical components of the long-term therapy of patients with acute PE.
THE ALLEGED NEW PHASE IN EARLY SYPHILIS
Authors: E. TYTLER BURKE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1932)

Journal Article THE ALLEGED NEW PHASE IN EARLY SYPHILIS Get access E. TYTLER BURKE E. TYTLER BURKE city of salford Municipal Clinic Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 44, Issue 11, 1 November 1932, Pages 521–533, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1932.tb09552.x Published: 01 November 1932
The Preferable Climate for Phthisis
Authors: C. Denison
Journal: BMJ (1888)

7Wpressed tlae speaker with the efforts of Nature to heal these chronic lung diseases through the deposition of fibroid tissue.This re- sulted in the contraction of the affected portions of lung, and the compensative dilatation of the unaffected portions.Hence, the medicaments went with the air to the healthy portions almost wholly.Then again the nebulisation of fluids in inhalation was, as usually done, accompanied by a lowering of temperature; and this taken cold, the moisture became diffused during breathing, and was not deposited within either the bronchial or alveolar tracts.2. The residual and usual amount of air within the lungs became mixed with the inhalants, and thus these medicaments become diluted and not deposited.Futrther evidence was mentioned in the speaker's calculations, showing a far greater exhalation of moisture in a cold, dry, Qa compared with that in a warm, moist atmosphere.The bacilli were thrown off in the moisture exhaled in a cold dry atmosphere, as found in well-chosen high altitude climates.-Dr.OIBoN (Newcastle) advocated the employment of dry inhalations, as of antiseptics, sedatives and tonics, as nitrate of silver, etc., in suitable menstrua.-Dr.WILLIAMS, in reply, thankedl the Sectioii for a good discussion, and claimed its acceptance of the majority of his conclusions.He quite concurre(l with Dr. Lindsay in the importance of the receptivity of the patient for phthisis, anld, with reference to what had been said about inhalations, he had yet to learn lhow medicaments could be specially directed into the unlhealthy portions of the lung.CEREBRAL SYPHIILIS: TWO CASM IN ONE FAMILY.
Protected Environments and Prophylactic Antibiotics
Authors: Arthur S. Levine, Stuart E. Siegel, Alan D. Schreiber, Janet Hauser, Harvey Preisler, Ira M. Goldstein, Florence Seidler, Richard Simon, Seymour Perry, John E. Bennett, Edward S. Henderson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

To reduce the frequency of infection in acute leukemia, we employed isolation and air-filtration facilities ("protected environment") and a prophylactic regimen that included oral nonabsorbable antibiotics. Eighty-eight randomized patients received identical remission-induction chemotherapy within one of three groups: protected environment combined with the prophylactic regimen (Group 1); oral nonabsorbable antibiotics alone (Group 2); and neither isolation nor prophylaxis (Group 3). The groups were comparable in factors that might influence the course of leukemia and susceptibility to infection. Environmental maneuvers. were effective in reducing the potential inoculum of ambient micro-organisms. Patients in Group 1 had 1/2 as many severe infections as those in Groups 2 and 3. Whereas approximately 1/4 of the patients in Groups 2 and 3 died of infection while on study, none in Group 1 died for that reason. Despite fewer infections in Group 1, no intergroup differences were found in remission rate or duration. The ultimate benefits of reduced infectious morbidity in leukemia may depend on further advances in chemotherapy.
Demonstration of the Agent of Legionnaires’ Disease in Tissue
Authors: Francis W. Chandler, Martin D. Hicklin, John A. Blackmon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

AN epidemic of acute febrile respiratory disease occurred among persons who had been in Philadelphia during July and August, 1976. Patients were divided into two groups: those who attended the Pennsylvania State American Legion convention or were present in the headquarters hotel of the convention (classified as having Legionnaires' disease); and those who were present in the vicinity of the hotel (classified as having Broad Street pneumonia). The epidemiologic features have been described in detail.1 The putative etiologic agent was found to be a novel bacterium, not previously recognized as an agent of human disease, as yet unclassified and of . . .
Chrysotherapy and thrombocytopenia.
Authors: R Madhok, T Pullar, H A Capell, F Dawood, R D Sturrock, H M Dick
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

In a study of the clinical and immunogenetic profiles of 17 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and thrombocytopenia (platelet count less than 150 000/mm3 (150 x 10(9)/l)) due to gold therapy two clinical patterns were distinguished without knowledge of HLA type: group I, an early precipitous thrombocytopenia (10 patients), and group II, a less dramatic fluctuant fall (seven patients). In group I patients the clinical and laboratory features suggested an immune mediated, peripheral destruction of platelets, and all patients in this group were found to be HLA-DR3 positive. Two patients subsequently received penicillamine without toxicity. In group II the basis of thrombocytopenia appeared to be different, and only two patients in this group were HLA-DR3 positive. All group II patients had received penicillamine; four developed a thrombocytopenia. Mechanisms of toxicity in both groups are discussed. It would appear that HLA typing in unlikely to help in predicting all those patients at risk of toxicity during chrysotherapy.