tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Chance of Cure for Every Patient with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia?
Authors: Rüdiger Hehlmann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Transplantation of marrow from an unrelated donor offers the possibility of a cure for the 70 percent of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who can tolerate the procedure and for whom a related donor is unavailable.1 The probability of finding an unrelated donor with HLA-A, B, and DR antigens that serologically match those of the recipient is about 80 percent within an 80-day period, thanks to the nearly 5 million volunteers enrolled in bone marrow–donor registries worldwide (Goldmann SS: personal communication). Despite these optimistic prospects, the actual results of treating CML with bone marrow from unrelated donors have been . . .
Abstract 5605: Targeting cancer stem cells in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck with combinatorial adoptive immunotherapy
Authors: Carmen Visús, YangYang Wang, Miroslaw J. Szczepanski, Robert L. Ferris, Theresa L. Whiteside, Soldano Ferrone, Xinhui Wang, Albert B. DeLeo
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract According to current views, in order for cancer immunotherapy to be successful it must target cancer stem cells (CSC) and counteract the multiple mechanisms involved in immune escape. Guided by these concepts, we have developed a combinatorial adoptive immunotherapeutic strategy which utilizes a monoclonal antibody (mAb) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in combination with continuous administration of low dose cyclophosphamide (metronomic chemotherapy) to target CSC and differentiated tumor cells, as well as activated pericytes in the tumor microenvironment. The targets selected are aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 (ALDH1A1) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4). We now report that ALDHbright cells in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) cell lines, which express high levels of ALDH1A1, are tumorigenic at low inoculum in immunodeficient mice, and particularly sensitive to recognition by ALDH1A1-specific T cells. The ALDHbright cells express CSPG4, a cell surface antigen functional in adhesion and migration. CSPG4 is also expressed on tumor associated activated pericytes which stabilize tumor blood vessels and provide vascular endothelial cells with survival signals. Administration of CSPG4-specific mAb and metronomic chemotherapy combined with intralesional adoptive transfer of ALDH1A1 peptide-specific CTL to mice bearing human SCCHN PCI-13-derived xenografts significantly reduced tumor growth and number of tumor cells with CSC phenotype. The antitumor effects of the immunotherapy we have developed were significantly higher than those of its individual components. These results argue in favor of the possibility that this combinatorial strategy may enhance the clinical efficacy of adoptive immunotherapy in SCCHN patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5605.
Dietary underreporting by obese individuals--is it specific or non-specific?
Authors: B. L. Heitmann, L. Lissner
Journal: BMJ (1995)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To examine the distribution of patterns of macronutrient density in relation to obesity. <b>Design</b>: Cross sectional. <b>Setting</b>: Denmark. <b>Subjects</b>: 323 men and women aged 35-65 years, selected randomly from a larger population sample of Danish adults. <b>Main outcome measure</b>: Bias in dietary reporting of energy and protein intake in relation to percentage body fat, assessed by comparison of data from an interview on dietary intake with data estimated from 24 hour nitrogen output, validated by administering p-aminobenzoic acid, and estimated 24 hour energy expenditure. <b>Results</b>: Degree of obesity was positively associated with underreporting of total energy and protein, whereas compared with total energy reported, protein was overreported by the obese subjects. <b>Conclusion</b>: Errors in dietary reporting of protein seem to occur disproportionately with respect to total energy, suggesting a differential reporting pattern of different foods. Although, on average, all subjects showed a greater underreporting of energy than of protein, this was most common in the obese subjects. Snack-type foods may be preferentially forgotten when obese people omit food items in dietary reporting. These results seem to agree with the general assumption that obese people tend to underreport fatty foods and foods rich in carbohydrates rather than underreport their total dietary intake. These results may have implications for the interpretation of studies of diet and comorbidities related to obesity.
Relationship Between Renal Function and Plasma Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Takayoshi Tsutamoto, Atsuyuki Wada, Hiroshi Sakai, Chitose Ishikawa, Toshinari Tanaka, Masaru Hayashi, Masanori Fujii, Takashi Yamamoto, Tomohiro Dohke, Masato Ohnishi, Hiroyuki Takashima, Masahiko Kinoshita, Minoru Horie
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Medicine and Changing Times
Authors: Allan M. Butler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

AS a major characteristic of our time is accelerating change, a major problem of society is trying to keep abreast of changing circumstances. Tolerant discussion and considered action may permit an evolutionary adaptation of traditional institutions that will avoid ill planned or abrupt revolutionary change. Thus, it is in the interest of conservatism, not radical change, that inquiry is here made concerning adaptation of our medical institutions to the increasing specialization demanded by the accelerating rate of scientific and technologic advances applicable to medicine.While its increasing effectiveness has caused medical care to be considered a basic right of everyone . . .
THE SIDESHOW OF THE CIRCUS
Authors: Theodore Diller
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The sideshow is commonly regarded as blood-curdling and mirth-provoking. It has become a by-word to indicate lightness, hilarity and utter nonsense. So yesterday, with my friend Dr. Donald Shoemaker and his four small sons I visited the sideshow before entering the big circus tent. I enumerate some of the exhibits: A number of small cretins. A case of acromegaly—a man 8½ feet tall. Two albinos, mentally subnormal, who seemed unhappy, uncomfortable and constantly blinking, advertised as "men from Mars." A sad case of rickets, advertised as a "man from Borneo." A pathologic case of obesity, a young girl weighing over 600 pounds. A man with pathologic and abnormal growth of hair over his face and body, advertised as the "dog man." Three healthy-looking young girls about 18, advertised as "triplets." A case of progressive muscular atrophy, well advanced, advertised as the "rail man." There were others. The
Long-term Care Placement of Dementia Patients and Caregiver Health and Well-being
Authors: Richard Schulz, Steven H. Belle, Sara J. Czaja, Kathleen A. McGinnis, Alan Stevens, Song Zhang
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Placing a relative with dementia into a long-term care facility is common among caregivers. Placement transition and factors that affect caregiver health and well-being after placement of the patient are not well described.To assess the impact of placing a relative with dementia in a long-term care facility on caregivers' health and well-being.Prospective study from 1996 to 2000 of the placement transition in a sample of 1222 caregiver-patient dyads recruited from 6 US sites. A total of 180 patients were placed in a long-term care facility during the 18-month follow-up period. Data collected before and after placement were analyzed to identify factors associated with placement, the nature of contact between caregivers and their institutionalized relatives after placement, and the relation of both of these factors to health outcomes among dementia caregivers.Caregiver depression (symptoms on the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression [CES-D] scale; range, 0-60) and anxiety (State Trait Inventory; range, 10-40) and use of prescription medications for depression and anxiety.Caregivers who institutionalized their relative reported depressive symptoms and anxiety to be as high as they were while in-home caregivers. Overall CES-D scores for depression did not change from before to after placement (median [IQR], 15.0 [8-24.5] and 15.0 [7.7-28]; P =.64). Overall anxiety scores on the State Trait Inventory also did not change significantly (median [IQR], 22.0 [19-27] before vs 21.1 [18-27] after; P =.21). These effects were most pronounced among caregivers who were married to the patient (P =.02 for depression), visited more frequently (P =.01 for depression and P<.001 for anxiety), and were less satisfied with the help they received from others (P =.003 for depression and P<.001 for anxiety). The use of antidepressants did not change significantly before (21.1%) to after (17.9%) placement (P =.16). The use of anxiolytics before to after placement increased from 14.6% to 19% (P =.02), and nearly half of caregivers (48.3%) were at risk for clinical depression following placement of their relative.The transition to institutional care is particularly difficult for spouses, almost half of whom visit the patient daily and continue to provide help with physical care during their visits. Clinical interventions that better prepare the caregiver for a placement transition and treat their depression and anxiety following placement may be of great benefit to these individuals.
Review of classification rules represents an opportunity, even for medicine
Authors: Steven Aftergood
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)

The US system of classifying national security information is bloated and dysfunctional, shielding the government from the scrutiny it needs to avoid error and abusive practices. In the medical field, this secrecy has, in rare cases, enabled unethical, state-sponsored research to proceed without public knowledge. The Fundamental Classification Guidance Review that is now underway could make a difference—if it's done right.
Screening Tests of Pulmonary Function
Authors: J. H. Comroe, J. A. Nadel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

SCREENING tests of pulmonary function are procedures that can separate normal from abnormal lungs in only a few minutes of the patient's time, with little or no discomfort to him. Ideally, the tests should use inexpensive and portable apparatus whose operation requires little or no technical training; they should be free from error, should pinpoint the specific abnormality of function and its location and should provide quantitative data.The main uses of such screening tests are as follows: early detection of pulmonary or cardiopulmonary disease, such as emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis or pulmonary vascular disease; differential diagnosis in all patients who . . .
Pheochromocytoma: Diagnosis, Localization and Management
Authors: Emmanuel L. Bravo, Ray W. Gifford
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

THE early diagnosis of pheochromocytoma is important, not only because it offers the possibility of curing hypertension but also because unrecognized pheochromocytoma is a potentially lethal condition. Hypertensive crisis or shock or both leading to death have been precipitated by drugs, anesthetic agents, parturition, or surgery for an unrelated condition. Moreover, 8 to 10 per cent of the tumors are malignant.The detection of pheochromocytoma requires a high degree of clinical alertness. Although rare cases have been reported in which the tumor was not associated with hypertension, especially in patients with familial tumors, elevation of blood pressure, either continuous or . . .
OT2-06-01: A Phase III Randomized Multicentric French Study To Evaluate the Impact of a Localized 16-Gy Boost after Conservative Surgery and a 50-Gy Whole-Breast Irradiation in Breast Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (The BONBIS Trial).
Authors: D Azria, D Cowen, La Lande B De, C Bourgier, I Latorzeff, M Leblanc-Onfroy, Z Douadi-Gaci, O Pradier, K Peignaux, C Levy, S Ellis, I Lecouillard, S Racadot, P Bontemps, A Benyoucef, P Lagarde, H Laharie-Mineur, J Cretin, C Marchal, D Serin, C Lemanski
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background Ductal carcinoma in situ is defined as breast cancer confined to the ducts of the breast without evidence of penetration of the basement membrane. Local treatment quality represents one of the most prognostic factors as half of recurrences are invasive diseases. The main goal of adjuvant radiotherapy after conservative surgery is to decrease local recurrences and to permit breast conservation with low treatment-induced sequelae. Several randomized trials have established the impact of 50 Gy to the whole breast (WB) in terms of local control. Nevertheless, no randomized trial is still available concerning the role of the boost in this disease. The phase III randomized trial “BONBIS” is elaborated to evaluate the impact of a 16-Gy boost after 50 Gy delivered to the whole breast in 25 fractions and 33 days. Methods: A total of 1950 patients DCIS breast cancer patients are planned to be enrolled in this trial. Patients will receive the following treatment: (A) WB radiotherapy of 50 Gy in 25 fractions vs. (B) WB radiotherapy of 50 Gy in 25 fractions plus a localized 16-Gy boost in 8 fractions. The primary endpoint is local-relapse free survival (LRFS). This trial is designed to detect an expected rate in control arm of 7% and 4 % in experimental arm. With 90% power and a=0.05, 137 events are necessary to achieve the main goal. An interim analysis is planned after 50% of observed event. Stratifications are made based on recognized prognostic factors: age, hormonal treatment, differentiation, circumstance of diagnosis, surgical margin, centre. Secondary endpoints are relapse free survival, overall survival, acute and late toxicities, cosmetic results, and quality of life. Translational researches are also planned to identify intrinsic radiosensitivity of normal tissues (radiation-induced apoptosis assay, genome-wide association study) but also predictive models of tumor recurrences. Inclusions have started in November 2008 and are not so far than the planned estimation. This trial is granted by the French National Cancer Institute (PHRC 2008) and supported by the French National Society of Radiation Oncology (SFRO). Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr OT2-06-01.
Increased Incidence of Coronary Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Mechanisms and Management
Authors: R. Todd Hurst, Richard W. Lee
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease of carbohydrate metabolism. However, it should also be considered a vascular disease because diabetic patients have a strong predilection for atherosclerosis. With the increasing prevalence and earlier age at onset of diabetes, the projected effect of diabetes on cardiovascular health and resource utilization is sobering. The mechanisms of the high rate of atherosclerosis are multifactorial and give clinicians and researchers insights into potential preventive therapies. Effective pharmacologic and lifestyle interventions are available for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular complications. However, data show that these interventions continue to be underutilized. Treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease is similar to that of patients with coronary artery disease alone. However, patients with diabetes benefit more from treatments that reduce coronary artery disease risk.
INCREMENTAL PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF CORONARY FLOW RESERVE IN PATIENTS WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION
Authors: Maulik Majmudar, Venkatesh Murthy, Swathy Kolli, Negareh Mousavi, Masanao Naya, Courtney Foster, Jon Hainer, Arkadiusz Sitek, Ron Blankstein, Sharmila Dorbala, Mandeep Mehra, Marcelo F. Di Carli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Leukotrienes as a molecular link between obstructive sleep apnoea and atherosclerosis
Authors: Françoise Stanke-Labesque, Jean-Louis Pépin, Elodie Gautier-Veyret, Patrick Lévy, Magnus Bäck
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

Leukotrienes are biologically active lipid mediators of inflammation involved in atherogenesis. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients exhibit early atherosclerosis and activation of the leukotriene pathway. In OSA patients, the production of leukotrienes is increased in relation to OSA severity and in vitro exposure of immune cells to intermittent hypoxia increases leukotriene pathway transcription. Moreover, the leukotriene transcriptional pathway is associated with early vascular remodelling. Lastly, obesity is a major confounding factor for leukotriene activation in OSA. The aim of this review was to focus on the intricate network of leukotrienes, chronic intermittent hypoxia, and atherosclerosis, with an emphasis on the role of leukotrienes in the early atherosclerosis observed in OSA patients.
Tracking Tuberculosis-Reply
Authors: Eran Bellin
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Bloch and colleagues state that compliance with therapy "must be the highest priority of all state and local TB programs," but fail to endorse the explicit standard recommended by my Editorial—the prevalence registry standard. The prevalence registry standard requires every state to identify a supervisor for every active TB patient and track each patient's compliance with therapy. Accountability is thereby assured. State TB control programs would be evaluated by random checks of registry accuracy with interviews of patients and treating physicians. Why has the prevalence registry standard not been adopted? Bloch and colleagues inform us that the CDC surveillance efforts were supported almost entirely by state and local funding. The CDC lived at the largesse of local authorities who I suspect would have been less than pleased to have been advised that their control efforts were grossly inadequate and their documentation of accountability pathetic. For those of
Functional domains on von Willebrand factor. Recognition of discrete tryptic fragments by monoclonal antibodies that inhibit interaction of von Willebrand factor with platelets and with collagen.
Authors: J J Sixma, K S Sakariassen, H V Stel, W P Houdijk, D W In der Maur, R J Hamer, P G de Groot, J A van Mourik
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

We have identified two functional domains on the von Willebrand factor (VWF) moiety of the Factor VIII-von Willebrand factor complex (FVIII-VWF), one interacting with blood platelets, and one interacting with vessel wall collagens, by means of two monoclonal antibodies directed against the VWF molecule, CLB-RAg 35 and CLB-RAg 201. The monoclonal antibody CLB-RAg 35 inhibited virtually all platelet adherence to artery subendothelium and to purified vessel wall collagen type III, at relatively high wall shear rates. CLB-RAg 35 also inhibited the ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation and the binding of FVIII-VWF to the platelet in the presence of ristocetin but did not affect the binding of FVIII-VWF to collagen. The monoclonal antibody CLB-RAg 201 inhibited the binding of FVIII-VWF to purified vessel wall collagen type I and III and all platelet adherence to collagen type III and the platelet adherence to subendothelium that was mediated by FVIII-VWF in plasma. The two functional domains on FVIII-VWF that were recognized by CLB-RAg 35 and CLB-RAg 201 were identified by means of immunoprecipitation studies of trypsin-digested FVIII-VWF. The domains resided on different polypeptide fragments, with a Mr of 48,000 for the collagen binding domain and a Mr of 116,000 for the platelet binding domain. The 116,000-mol wt fragment consisted of subunits of 52,000/56,000 mol wt and 14,000 mol wt after reduction. The 52,000/56,000-mol wt subunits possessed the epitope for CLB-RAg 35.
Promotion of Collateral Growth by Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Gerald S. Werner
Journal: Circulation (2002)

The study by Seiler et al 1 on collateral growth stimulation in humans by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) received a very optimistic editorial by Schaper. 2 The authors should be congratulated on the study concept and the conduct of this first-time approach to assess arteriogenesis directly in humans.However, can we really draw the conclusion that there was a clear-cut effect of GM-CSF on collateral development with a short study time period of 2 weeks?I have 2 main concerns.First, looking at the data in Table 2 shows that the collateral flow index (CFI) differed considerably at baseline between both study groups; this difference of 0.21 versus 0.30 was just the same amount that was ultimately observed as increase in the treatment group (0.21 to 0.31).Surprising and completely unexplained was the fact that in the placebo group, the CFI dropped by almost that same amount, from 0.30 to 0.23.This unexplained drop of the CFI is as significant to study result as the moderate increase in the treatment group.As no balloon dilatation was done at baseline, the CFI should have remained unchanged in the placebo group.Does this change in the placebo group not simply reflect the high intrinsic variability of the applied method?No data on intraindividual variability of CFI, which would be essential in the interpretation of the study results, are given.In our experience using Doppler during balloon occlusion, we observed considerable variation of individual collateral flow measurements within 24 hours. 3 Also, multiple paired t tests without corrections were used instead of a repeated ANOVA.This test would have probably shown no difference between the groups considering the individual data points (Figure 2).Only 2 patients in the treatment group showed a considerable increase, and at least 2 patients had shown a similar degree of improvement in the placebo group; however, more patients showed an unexplained decrease.With regard to the many previous experimental attempts to promote arteriogenesis/angiogenesis in humans and the setbacks that have occurred, 2 a cautious approach to the interpretation is important, but limited pilot trial is required.The interpretation of this study in the editorial that "therapeutic arteriogenesis has arrived" is premature.
Experimental Foundations of Rorschach's Test
Authors: Murray Wexler
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Perhaps no single psychological tensively or studied more intensivetesting tool has been used more exly than Rorschach's method of psychodiagnosis. Dr. Schachtel, a major contributor to the development of the Rorschach technique, has written both a literate and sophisticated account of his current views on Rorschach psychology.  The book attempts to understand and delineate the kinds of experiences people have during a Rorschach examination and the way in which it dictates the pattern of responses given by the testee. At the outset, the author rejects the view that the Rorschach is an unstructured test upon which the subject projects his thoughts, feelings and attitudes as if it were a blank screen. On the contrary, in order to understand the subject's experiences during the test, it is necessary to realize that a multitude of factors, contemporary and developmental, shape the kinds of test responses which will emerge. For summary purposes, these
The phosphoinositide 3′-kinase delta inhibitor, CAL-101, inhibits B-cell receptor signaling and chemokine networks in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Julia Hoellenriegel, Sarah A. Meadows, Mariela Sivina, William G. Wierda, Hagop Kantarjian, Michael J. Keating, Neill Giese, Susan O'Brien, Albert Yu, Langdon L. Miller, Brian J. Lannutti, Jan A. Burger
Journal: Blood (2011)