tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION CHIFFREE DE L'ETAT CLINIQUE DE MALADES ATTEINTS DE POLLINOSE AUX GRAMINEES
Authors: M. Planes
Journal: Allergy (1973)

MM. C. Boutin, J. P. Orlando, H. Raztouk et J. Charpin utilisent une méthode mathématique pennettant d'apprécier le plus objectivement possible l'etat clinique des malades atteints de pollinose aux graminées. Le patient est inviteéà tenir un journal, retranscrit sur bordereau de perforation utilisable en ordinateur et traité par un programme de régression multiple pas à pas. On aboutit ainsi à un « score », à une « note globale » reflétant l‘état du malade pendant une saison et permettant des études comparatives. On peut aussi chercher des corrélations entre la courbe quotidienne des symptômes, les comptes palynologiques et les données météorologiques. Le calcul statistique permet d'apprécier le dégre de cette méthode. Un groupe de 117 malades a été ainsi etudié en 1969, 1970 et 1971. Le traitement statistique a montré que l'efficacité des désensibilisations depend du type d'extrait utilisé, les extraits aqueux donnant de meilleurs résultats que les extraits‐retard. La presence d'asthme, et sa gravité, sont des éléments de pronostic défavorables. II existe une correlation entre les symptômes journaliers et la courbe de pollinisation. Mais la corrélation entre le score et les données météorologiques n'est pas stricte. On observe seulement une élévation du score aux périodes ensoleillées où la température maxima est la plus élevée, la pluie absente, le vent modéré, la pression atmosphérique moyenne relativement stable. Le caractère subjectif des journaux de malades donne lieu à plusieurs interventions. Chez l'asthmatique, M. Gervais suggère l'emploi régulier de la spirométrie de pointe.
From snapshot to movie
Authors: T. Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Within five years most readers and researchers will have understood that the scientific paper, despite its illustrious history, was merely a passing phase. Before the internet, papers were undoubtedly the best way to communicate the results of research to peers who weren't physically present A fixture in the academic landscape, the many limitations of papers were hardly noticed.

But the scientific paper never approximated even vaguely to real life; Medawar went as far as to call it a fraud. The world wide web will make honest men and women out of researchers: at last they …
GMC changes guidance on fitness to practise after High Court ruling
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The General Medical Council has had to change its guidance for deciding whether a doctor’s fitness to practise is impaired after an anaesthetist won a High Court ruling, quashing a finding against him.

Fitness to practise panels have been told that they should now take account of whether impairment is remediable; whether impairment has already been remedied by the time of the hearing; and whether the conduct is likely to be repeated. Previously such “personal mitigation” would be heard only after the panel had decided the doctor’s fitness to practise was impaired, and before deciding on the sanction.

The move follows a judgment last March by Mr Justice Silber in a High Court challenge by the …
Resin Hemoperfusion to Treat Drug Intoxication.
Authors: Jerry L. Rosenbaum
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Resin Hemoperfusion to Treat Drug Intoxication.Jerry L. Rosenbaum, M.D., F.A.C.P., Mark S. Kramer, M.D., Rasib Raja, M.D., Christopher Boreyko, M.D.Jerry L. Rosenbaum, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Mark S. Kramer, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Rasib Raja, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Christopher Boreyko, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-832_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA resin hemoperfusion column was evaluated for the treatment of nine patients with profound, life-threatening drug intoxication. The column contained 500 g of an uncharged resin, Amberlite XAD-2. The resin has a crosslinked, polystyrene, macroreticular structure with particular surface attraction for lipid-soluble, large molecular weight substances. In five patients blood was pumped through the resin hemoperfusion column at a flow rate of 200 ml/min for 2 hr; four patients had glutethimide intoxication, and one had butalbital intoxication. In four other patients the bloodflow rate through the column was 300 ml/min for 3 hr; two patients had secobarbital intoxication, one ethchloroynol... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pa. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 832-833KeywordsBloodDrugsHemoperfusionIntoxicationPatients Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF DownloadLoading ...
A STUDY OF GOUT.
Authors: JAMES D. MORGAN
Journal: JAMA (1904)

That the pathology of gout has not kept pace with the lines of distinction that have clinically been drawn, is much to be regretted, but we do know that it is the fibrous element which is most affected in chronic rheumatism, the synovial membrane with degeneration later on in the cartilage and bone in arthritis deformane, and the kidneys and blood primarily in gouty affections causing deposits of urates in the joints. If one should say that it was the uric acid in excess in the blood, in the form of urates, that was the cause of gout, he would very rightly be met with the assertion that there were other diseases with excess of urates in the blood and which did not have the manifestations of gout. A similar wrong conclusion would be to attribute the cause of arthritis deformane to micro-organisms, for it is known that the investigators
Heterogeneous Effects of Fructose on Blood Lipids in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: John L. Sievenpiper, Amanda J. Carleton, Sheena Chatha, Henry Y. Jiang, Russell J. de Souza, Joseph Beyene, Cyril W.C. Kendall, David J.A. Jenkins
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

Because of blood lipid concerns, diabetes associations discourage fructose at high intakes. To quantify the effect of fructose on blood lipids in diabetes, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental clinical trials investigating the effect of isocaloric fructose exchange for carbohydrate on triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol in type 1 and 2 diabetes.We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library for relevant trials of > or =7 days. Data were pooled by the generic inverse variance method and expressed as standardized mean differences with 95% CI. Heterogeneity was assessed by chi(2) tests and quantified by I(2). Meta-regression models identified dose threshold and independent predictors of effects.Sixteen trials (236 subjects) met the eligibility criteria. Isocaloric fructose exchange for carbohydrate raised triglycerides and lowered total cholesterol under specific conditions without affecting LDL cholesterol or HDL cholesterol. A triglyceride-raising effect without heterogeneity was seen only in type 2 diabetes when the reference carbohydrate was starch (mean difference 0.24 [95% CI 0.05-0.44]), dose was >60 g/day (0.18 [0.00-0.37]), or follow-up was < or =4 weeks (0.18 [0.00-0.35]). Piecewise meta-regression confirmed a dose threshold of 60 g/day (R(2) = 0.13)/10% energy (R(2) = 0.36). A total cholesterol-lowering effect without heterogeneity was seen only in type 2 diabetes under the following conditions: no randomization and poor study quality (-0.19 [-0.34 to -0.05]), dietary fat >30% energy (-0.33 [-0.52 to -0.15]), or crystalline fructose (-0.28 [-0.47 to -0.09]). Multivariate meta-regression analyses were largely in agreement.Pooled analyses demonstrated conditional triglyceride-raising and total cholesterol-lowering effects of isocaloric fructose exchange for carbohydrate in type 2 diabetes. Recommendations and large-scale future trials need to address the heterogeneity in the data.
CX3CR1 reduces Ly6Chigh-monocyte motility within and release from the bone marrow after chemotherapy in mice
Authors: Sébastien Jacquelin, Fabrice Licata, Karim Dorgham, Patricia Hermand, Lucie Poupel, Elodie Guyon, Philippe Deterre, David A. Hume, Christophe Combadière, Alexandre Boissonnas
Journal: Blood (2013)
"CRYSTALLINE PROTEINS IN URINE"
Authors: Withrow Morse
Journal: JAMA (1926)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, May 1, Welker, Thomas and Hektoen (p. 1333) state that "crystalline proteins have been isolated from the urine up to the present time in only eight cases." Dr. D. Wright Wilson (<i>J. Biol. Chem.</i><b>56</b>:203 [May] 1923) described a spontaneously crystallizable protein of a Bence-Jones nature. Other references of interest in this connection are:<i>J. Biol. Chem.</i><b>18</b>:277, 1914, and<i>J. Physiol.</i><b>42</b>:199, 1911.
Role of mast cells in anaphylaxis. Evidence for the importance of mast cells in the cardiopulmonary alterations and death induced by anti-IgE in mice.
Authors: T R Martin, S J Galli, I M Katona, J M Drazen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

We used genetically mast cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/Wv and WCB6F1-S1/S1d mice and the congenic normal (+/+) mice to investigate the effects of intravenous infusion of goat antimouse IgE on heart rate (HR), pulmonary dynamic compliance (Cdyn), pulmonary conductance (GL), and survival. In WBB6F1-+/+ and WCB6F1-+/+ mice, anti-IgE induced extensive degranulation of tracheobronchial mast cells, as well as significant elevation of HR, significant reductions in Cdyn and GL and, in some cases, death. In contrast, W/Wv and S1/S1d mice exhibited little or no pathophysiological responses and no mortality after challenge with anti-IgE. In W/Wv mice reconstituted with mast cells by intravenous administration of bone marrow cells derived from congenic +/+ mice (+/+ BM----W/Wv mice), anti-IgE induced extensive mast cell degranulation, as well as pathophysiological responses and mortality similar to those observed in WBB6F1-+/+ mice. These findings suggest a critical role for mast cells in the development of the cardiopulmonary changes and mortality associated with anti-IgE-induced anaphylaxis.
Role of locally formed angiotensin II and bradykinin in the reduction of myocardial infarct size in dogs
Authors: K. Noda, M. Sasaguri, M. Ideishi, M. Ikeda, K. Arakawa
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Objective: The aim was to investigate the role of local formation of angiotensin II and bradykinin in the reduction of myocardial infarct size. Methods: Bilaterally nephrectomised male mongrel dogs were used. Effects were compared of pretreatment with three inhibitors of angiotensin II forming enzyme – captopril (an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor), nafamostat (a serine protease inhibitor), and chymostatin (a cysteine protease inhibitor) - on left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion. Haemodynamic variables were monitored and blood was collected from the anterior interventricular vein and the aorta. Angiotensin I, angiotensin II, and bradykinin were measured by radioimmunoassay. After 90 min of occlusion, infarct sizes were determined by a macroscopic enzyme technique. Results: Angiotensin II release into the anterior interventricular vein increased from 0.03(SEM 1.19) pg·min−1 (before coronary occlusion) to 4.64(1.37) pg·min−1 (n=14, p<0.05), while angiotensin I release and plasma renin activity remained unchanged. The increase in angiotensin II release was inhibited by nafamostat and chymostatin, but not by captopril. Bradykinin release increased from -3.18(2.72) (before coronary occlusion) to 34.7(12.3) pg·min−1 (n=14 p<0.05) by 30 min after occlusion. This increase was augmented by captopril, from 4.10(2.86) before occlusion to 97.8(39.6) pg·min−1 at 5 min after occlusion (n=12, p<0.05), but not by nafamostat or chymostatin. Infarct size was smaller (p<0.05) in the captopril group than in the control group. Conclusions: Angiotensin II is locally produced in the ischaemic heart by both serine protease(s) and chymostatin inhibitable protease(s), but not by angiotensin converting enzyme. From the reduction in myocardial infarct size produced by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition, it seems that bradykinin accumulation may play a more important role than the suppression of angiotensin II formation. Cardiovascular Research 1993;27:334-340
Interaction of Drugs and Nutrients
Authors: C. E. Butterworth
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The wide-ranging importance of nutrition in the practice of medicine is emphasized in three reports of the Council on Foods and Nutrition elsewhere in this issue (pp 101, 105, and 109). Although each report deals principally with folic acid, each illustrates the complex interaction which exists between drugs and dietary nutrients in general. Together, they indicate the importance of basic knowledge concerning nutrition for the understanding of disease mechanisms and hint at the vast potential benefit that may be derived from studies on the relationship of man to his nutritional environment. Waxman et al (p 101) provide a penetrating insight into some of the complex interactions between amino acids, pyridoxine, folic acid, and vitamin B<sub>12</sub>. They observed, for example, that the addition of glycine to short-term cultures of human marrow cells induces a megaloblastic type of defect in normal cells and aggravates the metabolic defect in nutritional or methotrexate
Is vasospasm related to platelet deposition? Relationship in a porcine preparation of arterial injury in vivo.
Authors: J Y Lam, J H Chesebro, P M Steele, L Badimon, V Fuster
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Although aggregating platelets can release potent vasoactive substances in vitro, the importance of platelets in mediating naturally occurring or provoked spasm in vivo is not clear. To investigate the possible role of platelets in arterial spasm following arterial injury induced by angioplasty, quantitative platelet deposition of the dilated arterial segment and the degree of vasoconstriction (average percent diameter narrowing just proximal and distal to the dilated segment) produced during angioplasty of the common carotid arteries were studied in 42 heparinized normal pigs that were killed immediately after the angioplasty procedure. Angiographic films of the carotid arteries were taken before and after the dilatation to assess the vasoconstriction. Vasoconstriction was greater (40% vs 19%, p less than .002) when platelet deposition (X 10(6)/cm2) was in excess of 10, and the severity of vasoconstriction in vivo had a close positive exponential correlation (r = .77, p less than .001) with extent of platelet deposition in 24 untreated pigs. Platelet deposition and vasoconstriction were greater with severe arterial wall injury than with mild injury (58.8 versus 6.9, p less than .0001; 37% vs 21%, p less than .001, respectively). After severe injury in 18 pigs pretreated with 1 mg/kg/day aspirin, platelet deposition decreased (from 58.8 to 19.6, p less than .02) and vasoconstriction decreased (from 37% to 21%, p less than .003) relative to control. After mild injury, platelet deposition and vasoconstriction were mild and unchanged by aspirin. Thus, local vasoconstriction is influenced by the degree of platelet deposition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Aetiology of appendicitis.
Authors: F T de Dombal, A J Hedley
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Aetiology of appendicitis SIR,-We read with interest the repeated assertion by Mr D P Burkitt and others that "the geographical distribution of appendicitis indicates that it is a disease associated with modern Western culture" (3 March, p 620).Reports, which often comprised moderately large series of cases of appendicitis, have recently been published from Africa,'-' South America,4 the Middle East,5-7 Malaysia,8 Indonesia,9 China,10 and even the Arctic."1The World Organisation of Gastroenterology re- search committee is conducting a large-scale multinational survey into the presentation of abdominal pain around the world.In every single centre, including Mexico City and Khon Kaen, Thailand, in large series of several hundred cases per centre, the commonest cause of admission to hospital with acute abdominal pain is acute appendicitis.It is not helpful therefore at the present time to equate appendicitis with modem Western culture.The relation between the two-if it exists at all-is undoubtedly far more complex than Mr Burkitt's simplistic assertion.
Chemokine RANTES in Severe Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: PETER DORFMÜLLER, VÉRONIQUE ZARKA, INGRID DURAND-GASSELIN, GIANPAOLA MONTI, KARL BALABANIAN, GILLES GARCIA, FRÉDÉRIQUE CAPRON, AURORE COULOMB-LHERMINÉ, ANNE MARFAING-KOKA, GÉRALD SIMONNEAU, DOMINIQUE EMILIE, MARC HUMBERT
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

The recent discovery that sporadic and familial primary pulmonary hypertension can be associated with germline mutations of genes encoding receptor members of the transforming growth factor-beta family has focused much attention on cytokines and growth factors in pulmonary vascular disorders. Production of several cytokines has been demonstrated in severe pulmonary arterial hypertension, emphasizing the possible influence of inflammatory mechanisms in this condition. Moreover, perivascular inflammatory cell infiltrates composed of macrophages and lymphocytes have been detected in plexiform lesions of primary pulmonary hypertension. Chemokine RANTES is an important chemoattractant for monocytes and T cells. We therefore hypothesize that chemokine RANTES promotes cell recruitment in the lungs of patients displaying severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction demonstrated elevated RANTES mRNA expression in 10 lung samples from patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension, as compared with seven control subjects. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry confirmed that endothelial cells were the major source of RANTES within the pulmonary artery wall of the patients. Serial sections analysis showed that RANTES expression was associated with CD45 + inflammatory cell infiltrates. These results support the concept that inflammatory mechanisms play a role in the natural history of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Observation of Incipient Tumor Angiogenesis That Is Independent of Hypoxia and Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 Activation
Authors: Yiting Cao, Chuan-Yuan Li, Benjamin J. Moeller, Daohai Yu, Yulin Zhao, Matthew R. Dreher, Siqing Shan, Mark W. Dewhirst
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract It is well established that hypoxia potently stimulates tumor angiogenesis by activating hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)–induced proangiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor. However, very little is known about the role of hypoxia in incipient angiogenesis in avascular tumors during their early stages of growth. To noninvasively investigate the functional significance of hypoxia and HIF-1 activation in incipient tumor angiogenesis, we genetically engineered HCT116 human colon carcinoma cells and 4T1 mouse mammary carcinoma cells with constitutively expressed red fluorescence protein as a tumor marker and green fluorescence protein (GFP) as a reporter for hypoxia and HIF-1 activation. The accuracy of GFP fluorescence in reporting hypoxia was confirmed by flow cytometry analysis and by immunohistochemical comparison with pimonidazole, a well-established hypoxia marker drug. Mouse dorsal skin-fold window chambers showed that incipient angiogenesis preceded a detectable level of hypoxia. The detectable levels of hypoxia were spatially and temporally related with more intensive secondary angiogenesis following the initial onset of new vessel formation. Selective killing of hypoxic cells by tirapazamine efficiently eliminated or delayed the detection of hypoxic cells, but it did not significantly delay the onset of incipient angiogenesis. These findings provide the first in vivo evidence that incipient tumor angiogenesis may not depend on hypoxia or HIF-1 activation. This is in contrast to the clear role of hypoxia in driving angiogenesis once initial tumor microvessel formation has occurred.
Does the Level of Axillary Node Clearance Influence Adjuvant Treatment in Patients with Breast Cancer?
Authors: E. Cannings, A. Nicol, D. Hansell
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: The SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network) guidelines on axillary surgery do not advise as to whether level 1/2 or level 3 clearances should be performed when axillary clearance is required. Although there is a theoretical risk of increased morbidity, in experienced hands a level 3 clearance reduces the chance of residual tumour and allows for full staging.Materials and Methods: 124 consecutive axillary clearances (level 1, 2 and 3) were performed by a single operator. Level 1 and 2 nodes were removed as a single specimen, with level 3 nodes removed separately. Patient case notes, operation notes and pathology reports were used in the collection of data and all data were recorded in an Excel databaseResults: Of the 124 axillary clearances performed, 64 (52%) had level 1/2 lymph nodes positive for carcinoma. Of these 64 patients, 14 (11%) also had positive level 3 nodes. One patient (1%) had negative level 1/2 nodes but positive level 3 nodes. The Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI) value increased in two patients when the level 3 nodes were included (6.6 to 7.6 and 4.3 to 5.3).Discussion: While it is generally accepted that axillary radiotherapy deals with residual level 3 nodal involvement, basic surgical oncologic principles would suggest that removal of as much tumour as possible should be performed. The patient with positive level 3 nodes but negative level 1/2 nodes would have been under-treated, with viable tumour remaining. Furthermore, the under-estimate of the NPI when level 3 nodes are not included could lead to sub-optimal adjuvant therapy being offered. The performance of a level 3 clearance can preclude the need for axillary radiotherapy, thereby reducing morbidity. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 3114.
Serum level of thrombomodulin (TM) and MRNA/protein expression in the liver in patients with chronic diseases
Authors: H FUKATA
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

In this study the chemical modification of paroxetine was employed to determine which structural differences between the paroxetine-like and femoxetine-like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors is responsible for the differential potency of these agents in the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus multidrug efflux pump systems.
Early Dietary Management of Sugar Intolerance in Infancy
Authors: B. E. Clayton, A. B. Arthur, D. E. M. Francis
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Sherlock, S. (1948). Lancet, 1, 817. and Walshe, V. (1946). Ibid., 2, 482. Sidhu, A. S., and Nair, S. S. (1957). Indian J. med. Res., 45, Suppl., p. 31. Viswanathan, R. (1957). Ibid., 45, Suppl., p. 1. Volwiler, W., and Elliott, J. A. (1948). Gastroenterology, 10, 349. Wootton, I. D; P. (1964). Micro-Analysis in Medical Biochemistry, 4th ed., p. 79. Churchill, London. Wyllie, W. G., and Edmunds, M. E. (1949). Lancet, 2, 553. Zieve, L., Hill, E., Nesbitt, S., and Zieve, B. (1953). Gastroenterology, 25, 495.