tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hospital developments in Scotland
Authors: J V Parkin
Journal: BMJ (1987)

cant," this equates to a bacterial density of 200/ml.This "sensitive" diagnostic criterion was proposed by Stamm for patients with frequency ofmicturition, not pregnant women.3Moreover, criticisms4 of Stamm's hypothesis have not been rebutted.The absurdity of regarding a single colony on the culture plate as "significant" is illustrated by the appearance of Candida albicans as a cause of bacteriuria at Northwick Park.For the same reason it becomes difficult to discern how many women with asymptomatic "bacteriuria" were genuinely infected.It was wrong, however, to suggest that previous workers examined only one urine and therefore treated uninfected women, giving artificially high success rates.At least two25 or three6 specimens were cultured.It is Dr M E Foley and coworkers (25 July, p 270) who could be criticised on this account, so their reported incidence of pyelo- nephritis in women with untreated bacteriuria may well be spuriously low.Moreover, the "low" (12-5%) incidence of pyelonephritis in such women at North- wick Park was extrapolated from just one case out of eight.The 95% confidence interval for the real incidence in such a small sample is 0 to 35%.In other words, there is no significant difference between the incidence of pyelonephritis at Northwick Park and that reported previously.256Finally, the four cases of pyelonephritis which occurred after treatment were in women who were recognised either to have relapsed or to have become reinfected.If no further treatment was given it is hardly surprising that they developed complications.
The Doctor/Patient Relationship in Manipulative Suicide A Common Psychosomatic Disease
Authors: P.E. Sifneos
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1970)

In this paper manipulative suicide is defined. It is considered as a psychosomatic disease because it gives rise to a specific lesion and because it gives the opportunity to the psychiatrist to work with the internist in the study and treatment of this condition. The incidence of manipulative suicide in a general hospital is found to be 60 % of those who attempt suicide, and methods of sorting out suicide manipulators are discussed. The strained nature of the doctor/patient relationship in this kind of suicide is described and certain guidelines are presented which may be helpful to the doctor in his dealings with suicide manipulators.
Estrogen Replacement Therapy and Fractures in Older Women
Authors: Jane A. Cauley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To determine the relation between estrogen replacement therapy and fractures. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Four clinical centers in Baltimore County, Maryland; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Portland, Oregon; and the Monongahela Valley, Pennsylvania. Participants: 9704 ambulatory, nonblack women 65 years of age or older. Measurements: Estrogen use, medical history, and anthropometric data were obtained by questionnaire, interview, and examination. Appendicular bone mass was measured by single-photon absorptiometry. Incident fractures were validated by radiographic report. Results: After adjustment for potential confounders, current estrogen use was associated with a decrease in the risk for wrist fractures (relative risk [RR], 0.39; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.64) and for all nonspinal fractures (RR, 0.66; CI, 0.54 to 0.80) when compared with no estrogen use. Results were similar for women using unopposed estrogen or estrogen plus progestin, for women younger or older than 75 years of age, and for current smokers or nonsmokers. The effect of estrogen remained after adjustment was made for appendicular bone mass. The relative risk for hip fracture tended to be lower among current users (RR, 0.60; CI, 0.36 to 1.02) than among never-users. Estrogen was most effective in preventing hip fracture among those older than 75 years. Current users who started estrogen within 5 years of menopause had a decreased risk for hip fractures (RR, 0.29; CI, 0.09 to 0.92), wrist fractures (RR, 0.29; CI, 0.13 to 0.68), and all nonspinal fractures (RR, 0.50; CI, 0.36 to 0.70) when compared with women who had never used estrogen. Previous use of estrogen for more than 10 years or use begun soon after menopause had no substantial effect on the risk for fractures. Conclusions: Current use of estrogen appears to decrease the risk for fracture in older women. These results suggest that for protection against fractures, estrogen should be initiated soon after menopause and continued indefinitely. *For members of the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group, see the Appendix.
Association Between Childhood Migraine and History of Infantile Colic
Authors: Silvia Romanello, Daniele Spiri, Elena Marcuzzi, Anna Zanin, Priscilla Boizeau, Simon Riviere, Audrey Vizeneux, Raffaella Moretti, Ricardo Carbajal, Jean-Christophe Mercier, Chantal Wood, Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti, Giovanni Crichiutti, Corinne Alberti, Luigi Titomanlio
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Importance Infantile colic is a common cause of inconsolable crying during the first months of life and has been thought to be a pain syndrome.Migraine is a common cause of headache pain in childhood.Whether there is an association between these 2 types of pain in unknown.Objective To investigate a possible association between infantile colic and migraines in childhood. Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA case-control study of 208 consecutive children aged 6 to 18 years presenting to the emergency department and diagnosed as having migraines in 3 European tertiary care hospitals between April 2012 and June 2012.The control group was composed of 471 children in the same age range who visited the emergency department of each participating center for minor trauma during the same period.A structured questionnaire identified personal history of infantile colic for case and control participants, confirmed by health booklets.A second study of 120 children diagnosed with tension-type headaches was done to test the specificity of the association. Main Outcomes and MeasuresDifference in the prevalence of infantile colic between children with and without a diagnosis of migraine. ResultsChildren with migraine were more likely to have experienced infantile colic than those without migraine (72.6% vs 26.5%; odds ratio [OR], 6.61 [95% CI, 4.38-10.00];PϽ.001), either migraine without aura (n=142; 73.9% vs 26.5%; OR, 7.01 [95% CI, 4.43-11.09];PϽ.001), or migraine with aura (n=66; 69.7% vs 26.5%; OR, 5.73 [95% CI, 3.07-10.73];PϽ.001).This association was not found for children with tension-type headache (35% vs 26.5%; OR, 1.46 [95% CI, 0.92-2.32];P=.10). Conclusion and RelevanceThe presence of migraine in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years was associated with a history of infantile colic.Additional longitudinal studies are required.
939. Viral Vector-Mediated Chaperone Gene Therapy in a Mouse Model of Sporadic Parkinson Disease
Authors: Zhizhong Dong, David P. Wolfer, Hans-Peter Lipp, Hansruedi Bueler
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD). In addition, genetic evidence points to an important role of protein misfolding, aggregation and failure in the proteasomal degradation of specific neuronal proteins in the pathogenesis of PD. The chaperone heat shock protein 70 (Hsp-70) reduces protein misfolding and aggregation and protects cells against a variety of adverse conditions, including oxidative stress. Moreover, Hsp70 exerts anti-apoptotic activity by blocking the function of several key pro-apoptotic factors. Recently, Hsp70 was shown to inhibit alpha-synuclein toxicity in a Drosophila model of inherited PD. Here we tested the potential of Hsp70 for gene therapy in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of idiopathic PD. We show that Hsp70 gene transfer to dopamine neurons by a recombinant adeno-associated virus significantly protects the mouse dopaminergic system against MPTP-induced dopamine neuron loss and the associated decline in striatal dopamine levels and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive fibers. Hsp70 reduced MPTP-induced apoptosis in the substantia nigra, and unilateral protection of the dopaminergic system by Hsp70 was associated with increased amphetamine-induced turning towards the non-injected side. Collectively, these results suggest that increasing chaperone activity may be beneficial for the treatment of PD.
FDG PET/CT Detects Clinically Occult Pancreatic Cancer in a Case of Von Hippel–Lindau Syndrome
Authors: Mukta Kulkarni, Nilendu Purandare, Anand Zade, Archi Agrawal, Sneha Shah, Venkatesh Rangarajan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is a rare, inherited, multisystem disorder that is characterized by development of a variety of benign and malignant tumors. We report an incidental detection of clinically occult pancreatic malignancy on FDG PET/CT in a patient of VHL who underwent restaging for a previously treated endolymphatic sac tumor.
Peace Corps Physicians Two-Year Volunteers
Authors: Charles S. Houston
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> A unique Peace Corps effort began in mid-July as Duke University and the University of North Carolina began the training of 17 doctors and their wives for a two-year tour of volunteer service abroad in seven countries. What makes the enterprise unique is not only the number of doctors— more than have joined the Peace Corps in the past four years—but the addition of their 23 children, who range in age from a few months to 17 years. The children will go abroad with their parents. Already they have demonstrated that they can learn Hindi, Amharic, Pashtu, or Farsi more rapidly than can their parents. The training program includes over 200 hours of technical studies, such as tropical disease, parasitology, epidemiology, and community sanitation. Another 300 hours are devoted to language—which trainees use at mealtimes—and to regional and area studies of the countries of assignment. Attention is
Re: Giorgio Guazzoni, Massimo Lazzeri, Luciano Nava, et al. Preoperative Prostate-Specific Antigen Isoform p2PSA and Its Derivatives, %p2PSA and Prostate Health Index, Predict Pathologic Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2012;61:455–66
Authors: Sergey Tadtayev, Thomas A. McNicholas, Gregory B. Boustead
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Impact of donor type on outcome of bone marrow transplantation for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: collaborative study of the International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry and the National Marrow Donor Program
Authors: Alexandra H. Filipovich, Judy V. Stone, Sandra C. Tomany, Michele Ireland, Craig Kollman, Corey J. Pelz, James T. Casper, Morton J. Cowan, John R. Edwards, Anders Fasth, Robert Peter Gale, Anne Junker, Naynesh R. Kamani, Brett J. Loechelt, Daniel W. Pietryga, Olle Ringdén, Marcus Vowels, Janet Hegland, Aronica V. Williams, John P. Klein, Kathleen A. Sobocinski, Philip A. Rowlings, Mary M. Horowitz
Journal: Blood (2001)
Identity cards for patients infected with HIV?
Authors: A C Srivastava, A J Pinching, M W Adler, R Robertson, R Higgs
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Dr A C Srivastava has written to us to describe a case that raises the suggestion that people infected with the human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) should carry identity cards. We asked two physicians, a general practitioner working with patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and a general practitioner with a special interest in medical ethics to respond to the broad issues raised by Dr Srivastava's letter.
Proinflammatory cytokines in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemic stress in healthy subjects
Authors: Laleh Razavi Nematollahi, Abbas Eghbal Kitabchi, Frankie B. Stentz, Jim Y. Wan, Bagher A. Larijani, Mohammad Mohajer Tehrani, Mohammad Hossein Gozashti, Kobra Omidfar, Eghbal Taheri
Journal: Metabolism (2009)
The lymphoma-associated NPM-ALK oncogene elicits a p16INK4a/pRb-dependent tumor-suppressive pathway
Authors: Paola Martinelli, Paola Bonetti, Cristina Sironi, Giancarlo Pruneri, Caterina Fumagalli, Paola Rafaniello Raviele, Sara Volorio, Stefano Pileri, Roberto Chiarle, Fiona Kate Elizabeth McDuff, Betsabeh Khoramian Tusi, Suzanne D. Turner, Giorgio Inghirami, Pier Giuseppe Pelicci, Emanuela Colombo
Journal: Blood (2011)
Effect of the Italian Smoking Ban on Population Rates of Acute Coronary Events
Authors: Giulia Cesaroni, Francesco Forastiere, Nera Agabiti, Pasquale Valente, Piergiorgio Zuccaro, Carlo A. Perucci
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Several countries in the world have not yet prohibited smoking in public places. Few studies have been conducted on the effects of smoking bans on cardiac health. We evaluated changes in the frequency of acute coronary events in Rome, Italy, after the introduction of legislation that banned smoking in all indoor public places in January 2005.We analyzed acute coronary events (out-of-hospital deaths and hospital admissions) between 2000 and 2005 in city residents 35 to 84 years of age. We computed annual standardized rates and estimated rate ratios by comparing the data from prelegislation (2000-2004) and postlegislation (2005) periods. We took into account several time-related potential confounders, including particulate matter (PM10) air pollution, temperature, influenza epidemics, time trends, and total hospitalization rates. The reduction in acute coronary events was statistically significant in 35- to 64-year-olds (11.2%, 95% CI 6.9% to 15.3%) and in 65- to 74-year-olds (7.9%, 95% CI 3.4% to 12.2%) after the smoking ban. No evidence was found of an effect among the very elderly. The reduction tended to be greater in men and among lower socioeconomic groups.We found a statistically significant reduction in acute coronary events in the adult population after the smoking ban. The size of the effect was consistent with the pollution reduction observed in indoor public places and with the known health effects of passive smoking. The results affirm that public interventions that prohibit smoking can have enormous public health implications.
Double-blind trial of dapsone against placebo in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: D R Swinson, J Zlosnick, L Jackson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

Dapsone given over 14 weeks in a dose of 50 mg a day for 1 week and thereafter 100 mg a day was found to have a beneficial effect in rheumatoid arthritis when compared with placebo administration to a matched group of patients. Significant improvement in 5 out of 7 clinical measurements and in erythrocyte sedimentation rate, viscosity, C-reactive protein was found in those patients taking dapsone. There was significant improvement compared to the placebo group in 2 out of the 7 clinical measurements and again in all 3 acute-phase reactants. The drug was quite well tolerated over the 14-week duration of the trial. The tendency to cause haemolysis will be its main limiting factor as a practical alternative to other suppressive agents currently in use.
Simplified oesophageal transection for bleeding varices.
Authors: G W Johnston
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Thirty patients with bleeding oesophageal varices were treated by oesophageal transection using the SPTU gun. Any form of shunt was contraindicated in all the patients. Twelve operations were done as urgent procedures within 36 hours of haemorrhage. The overall operative mortality rate was 10%, and there were two late deaths during follow-up, which has so far extended from two months to two years. Three of the patients had recurrent bleeding, and residual varices were probably the source in two. There were no cases of portal systemic encephalopathy. Although the follow-up is too short to allow any definite conclusions, these early results suggest that oesophageal transection with the SPTU gun may be useful in the large proportion of patients in whom injection sclerotherapy, shunt surgery, or conservative treatment is inappropriate.
STUDIES OF THE NECROSIS FOLLOWING INJECTIONS OF SALVARSAN AND NEOSALVARSAN
Authors: H. E. ROBERTSON
Journal: JAMA (1913)

When salvarsan was introduced as a specific cure for syphilis its administration by deep intramuscular injections was strongly recommended. Wolbarst,<sup>1</sup>in 1912, stated that Ehrlich believed that "salvarsan is essentially an intramuscular injection," and if pain could be avoided this method would be the one of choice. Meltzer<sup>2</sup>showed that the intramuscular injections were absorbed more rapidly than the subcutaneous, but recommended the sacrospinal muscle rather than the gluteal as being less apt to cause pain and other complications. It was soon apparent, however, that the intramuscular injection of salvarsan almost uniformly produced intense pain; the wound healed slowly, and often was followed by large sloughing areas of necrosis which were extremely resistant to all attempts at aiding or producing complete repair. K. Martius<sup>3</sup>concluded that this method produced necrosis in every case in which it was used. Buschke<sup>4</sup>also stated the same fact and called attention to the numerous
Delayed Tuberculin Reactivity in Indochinese Persons
Authors: John M. Robertson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 April 1997Delayed Tuberculin Reactivity in Indochinese PersonsJohn M. Robertson, MD, MPH and Catarina Kiefe, PhD, MDJohn M. Robertson, MD, MPHUniversity of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-5271University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205-4785Search for more papers by this author and Catarina Kiefe, PhD, MDUniversity of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-5271University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205-4785Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-8-199704150-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We appreciate the letter of Muniain and colleagues. We defined PPD positivity as at least 10 mm of induration on the basis of the recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention at the time of the study, 1992 [1]. Although many of the chest radiographs suggested tuberculosis, no active cases were found in the study group. Among the variant reactors, only 8 of 29 (the number with radiographs available for evaluation) had chest radiographs with evidence of old or active tuberculosis. The remaining 21 radiographs were clear. Immigration law prohibits the migration of persons with known ...REFERENCE1. Screening for tuberculosis and tuberculous infection in high-risk populations and the use of preventive therapy for tuberculous infection in the United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1990; 39:1-21. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: John M. Robertson, MD, MPH; Catarina Kiefe, PhD, MDAffiliations: University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-5271University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205-4785 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 April 1997Volume 126, Issue 8Page: 662KeywordsSputumThoraxTuberculin ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 April 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Testing for Polyomavirus Type BK DNA in Plasma to Identify Renal-Allograft Recipients with Viral Nephropathy
Authors: Volker Nickeleit, Thomas Klimkait, Isabelle F. Binet, Peter Dalquen, Veronika Del Zenero, Gilbert Thiel, Michael J. Mihatsch, Hans H. Hirsch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Reactivation of polyomavirus type BK (BK virus) is increasingly recognized as a cause of severe renal-allograft dysfunction. Currently, patients at risk for nephropathy due to infection with the BK virus are identified by the presence of cells containing viral inclusion bodies ("decoy cells") in the urine or by biopsy of allograft tissue.In a retrospective analysis, we performed polymerase-chain-reaction assays for BK virus DNA in plasma samples from 9 renal-allograft recipients with BK virus nephropathy; 41 renal-allograft recipients who did not have signs of nephropathy, 16 of whom had decoy cells in the urine; and as immunocompromised controls, 17 patients who had human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection (stage C3 according to the classification of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) and who had not undergone transplantation.In all nine patients with BK virus nephropathy, BK virus DNA was detected in the plasma at the time of the initial histologic diagnosis (a mean [+/-SD] of 46+/-28 weeks after transplantation) and during the course of histologically diagnosed, persistent BK virus disease. In three of the six patients with nephropathy who were studied serially after transplantation, BK virus DNA was initially undetectable but was detected 16 to 33 weeks before nephropathy became clinically evident and was confirmed by biopsy. Tests for BK virus DNA in plasma became negative and the nephropathy resolved after the doses of immunosuppressive drugs were decreased in two patients and after removal of the renal allograft in three patients. BK virus DNA was found in the plasma of only 2 of the 41 renal-allograft recipients who had no signs of nephropathy and in none of the patients with HIV-1 infection.Testing for BK virus DNA in plasma from renal-allograft recipients with use of the polymerase chain reaction is a sensitive and specific method for identifying viral nephropathy.