tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The cardiovascular effects of obstructive sleep apnoeas: analysis of pathogenic mechanisms
Authors: MR Bonsignore, O Marrone, G Insalaco, G Bonsignore
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Obstructive sleep apnoeas (OSA) exert immediate marked cardiovascular effects, and may favour the development of systemic and pulmonary hypertension in the long-term. As for the pathogenesis of the acute cardiovascular changes, the first studies high-lighted the role of OSA-induced hypoxia and mechanical changes. However, more recent work pointed to the role played by the arousal reaction terminating OSA, and to the activity of the autonomic nervous system during apnoea and inter-apnoeic phase. As for the pathogenesis of chronic cardiovascular changes, recent findings suggest that the link between OSA and systemic hypertension may be through an abnormal function of the carotid body and underline the importance of chronic intermittent hypoxia versus continuous hypoxia in the development of stable systemic hypertension. On the other hand, OSA do not appear to enhance strongly the development of stable pulmonary hypertension. In this review, we analyze OSA-induced cardiovascular changes with particular emphasis on to the interplay of the possible pathogenic mechanisms involved. Acute OSA-induced cardiovascular alterations during the apnoeic phase appear to result mainly from the mechanical effects of OSA, while during the interapnoeic phase they seem mostly determined by chemical factors (hypoxia, hypercapnia) and by the arousal reaction. In addition, the role of reflex changes elicited by resumption of ventilation should be reconsidered, since lung inflation seems to exert a positive effect on the cardiovascular changes occurring at the end of OSA. This would be in contrast with the inhibitory effects described as "lung inflation reflex", and deserves further study.
Preventing Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis
Authors: Ian R. Reid
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Glucocorticoid hormones have revolutionized the management of many illnesses, reducing morbidity in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and mortality in other diseases such as asthma. However, they have many side effects, one of the most troubling being osteoporosis. Glucocorticoids interact with calcium metabolism at many levels1; in particular, they reduce the synthesis by osteoblasts of the principal proteins of bone matrix, including type I collagen and osteocalcin. Glucocorticoids probably cause malabsorption of calcium (and possibly phosphate) in both the gut and the renal tubule, and they reduce serum sex hormone concentrations, particularly in men and postmenopausal women. However, they . . .
The effects of L‐carnitine treatment on left ventricular function and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Adalet Gürlek, Eralp Tutar, Ethem Akçil, İrem Dinçer, Çetin Erol, Pelin A. Kocatürk, Derviş Oral
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
I-N: a newly described H-2 I subregion between K and I-A.
Authors: C E Hayes, F H Bach
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

Strong, primary mixed leukocyte culture-proliferative responses in certain K region-incompatible strain combinations led us to consider whether an I region-like locus might exist between K and I-A. Results obtained with an (A. TL X B10.D2)F1 anti-B10.BR serum provided serological evidence for a new locus; B10.T(6R)-absorbed serum retained reactivity on AQR lymphocytes. This finding demonstrates an antigen, Ia.W41, encoded by a locus, Ia-7, within a new I subregion, I-N.
Abstract 2265: Embelin induces autophagy in ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Zeenath Jehan, Khadija Abdul Rahman Al-obaisi, Shahab Uddin, Khawla Al-Kuraya
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Embelin is an active ingredient of traditional herbal medicine that exhibits cytotoxic effect and inhibits cell proliferation in various cancer cell types. It is a small molecular inhibitor of XIAP undergoing preclinical testing for its anticancer effects in many different cancer types. In this study we have investigated its role as a chemotherapeutic agent in a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines. Utilising the MTT assay and annexin staining we demonstrate that embelin exhibits a potent, dose dependent cytotoxic effect in human ovarian cancer cells. Surprisingly in contrast to the previously reported cytotoxicity of embelin in many other cancer cell types, treatment of ovarian cancer cells with embelin promoted autophagy and not apoptosis as evidenced by the death without caspase 3 activation and induces cellular swelling and cytoplasmic vacuolization with evident features of necrotic cell death. Treatment of ovarian cancer cells with embelin demonsrnstrated autophagic hallmarks, including an increased number of autophagosomes were observed through acridine orange staining. Embelin also induced cell autophagy, as demonstrated by the punctuate distribution of GFP-LC3, as well as the LC3 cleavage and beclin1 activation. Red green fluorescence in acridine orange stained cells by flowcyometry further confirmed the autophagy action by embelin treatment. Our findings demonstrate a new death pathway underlying the cytotoxic effect of embelin, but also suggest that targeting autophagy could augment the anticancer activity, providing the framework for further development of embelin as a new chemotherapeutic agent for ovarian cancer treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2265. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2265
Clinical Uses of Adrenal Steroids
Authors: George F. Cahill
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This extremely current and inclusive collection of 17 papers belongs to a group of clinical publications sponsored by the University of California Medical Extension Series. The book, written by 22 specialists mainly from California but also some from other medical centers, is divided into 2 sections. The first is concerned with the clinical use of steroids in the treatment of adrenal diseases, of diseases of connective tissue (the "collagen" diseases) and specific fields of medicine such as allergy, dermatology, lung disease, gastrointestinal disease, renal disease, and neoplastic and hematologic diseases. The second section deals with basic knowledge concerning the biochemistry of steroids, their structuralfunctional relationships, the effects of steroids on water and electrolyte metabolism and renal function, and lastly the effects of steroids on the metabolism of carbohydrate, protein, and fat. These chapters, by S. Roberts, J. M. Koplowitz and C. R. Kleeman, and J. Brown, respectively, are notably clear
The Musicale, Barber Shop, Trenton Falls, New York
Authors: Thomas B. Cole
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prevention of coronary heart disease
Authors: David Taylor, Arnold Jenkins, Philipp Conradi
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Editor—Marshall commendably questions current trends in preventive medicine.1 He looks at cost effectiveness of cardioprotective drug treatment, including simvastatin 40 mg, by assessing pooled data from different trials. Treatment effects are balanced with costs. The expenditure for simvastatin 40 mg is calculated as prescribing costs plus additional costs for administration and laboratory tests.

A close look at the heart protection study,2,3 Marshall's main reference for statins, quickly calls this equation into question. Simvastatin 40mg was less well tolerated and less effective than portrayed by the authors.

Firstly, tolerability: against all claims simvastatin was not well tolerated. A substantial number of patients did not enter the trial after a six week run in before randomisation (63 603 entered the original screening, 32 145 went forward to the run in phase and 11 609 patients dropped out then).

Secondly, independent treatment effects: Marshall assumes that statins work independently of other cardioprotective treatment as stated in the heart protection study. However, most of the patients in the study did not take appropriate non-statin drug treatment—for example, only 47% of all patients with peripheral vascular disease were taking aspirin.

Thirdly, reduced treatment effects for women: simvastatin in the heart protection study did not reduce overall mortality in women.4 This fact was buried by the researchers using composite end points.

Marshall questions the cost effectiveness of different cardiovascular treatments including statins. The properly interpreted results of the heart protection study lend even more weight to his scepticism.
Pathological Mourning: A Key Factor in the Psychopathogenesis of Autoimmune Disorders
Authors: J.W. Paulley
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1983)

Prolonged mourning has been recorded as a precipitant life event in RA and other autoimmune disorders, but other events such as retirement, redundancy and injury have also been identified. The author's submission is that pathological mourning is present in all patients with AI disease, and that other events such as those mentioned are only precipitant because they uncover mourning until then kept in check by occupation and use of work as a drug. When time for reflection and loneliness allows long suppressed ambivalent feelings, guilt and bitterness to surface, remorse over 'unfinished business' increasingly dominates the patient's thoughts. Children and young people rarely have the opportunity to mourn, thus early loss is often paramount and is awakened from the unconscious years later when further losses of key figures or surrogates, including pets, occur or are anticipated. Psychotherapy involves helping patients resolve their pathological mourning.
Conscientious Objection: Does the Zero-Probability Argument Work?
Authors: Greg Loeben, Michelle A. Chui
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2007)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1 Carson Strong challenges this claim in his commentary (CitationStrong 2007). 2 This is often understood as the weaker form of reduction ad absurdum or “reduction to the absurd.” The stronger version would be when the premise or premises leads to a formal contradiction. 3 We are attributing this premise to Card because it strengthens his argument, even though he only mentions the magnitude of the probability once in the relevant section, and then only as “small” (CitationCard 2007, 8). 4 This is the zero probability argument. 5 Cases are easy to imagine, for example, sharing information with patients who then inappropriately lie to family members about the information or writing a prescription for pain medications that a patient subsequently sells for recreational use.
Intimal hyperplasia in arterial autogenous vein grafts: a new animal model
Authors: A. J MURDAY, A. H GERSHLICK, Y D. SYNDERCOMBE-COURT, S. J LEDINGHAM, N. J BETTS, C T. LEWIS, P. G MILLS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1983)

A new animal model is presented, in which the changes in arterial autogenous vein grafts in rabbits can be studied. Intimal hyperplasia has developed four weeks after grafting. The thickness of the intima has been measured at this time. The potential uses of the model are discussed.
Roles of Prostaglandin I <sub>2</sub> and Thromboxane A <sub>2</sub> in Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Chun-Yang Xiao, Akiyoshi Hara, Koh-ichi Yuhki, Takayuki Fujino, Hong Ma, Yuji Okada, Osamu Takahata, Takehiro Yamada, Takahiko Murata, Shuh Narumiya, Fumitaka Ushikubi
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Prostaglandin (PG) I(2) and thromboxane (TX) A(2), the most common prostanoids in the cardiovascular system, are produced abundantly during cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R); their roles in I/R injury, however, remain undetermined. We intended to clarify these roles of PGI(2) and TXA(2) using mice lacking the PGI(2) receptor, IP(-/-) mice, or the TXA(2) receptor, TP(-/-) mice.The left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 1 hour and then reperfused for 24 hours. The size of myocardial infarct in IP(-/-) mice was significantly larger than that in wild-type mice, although the size of the area at risk was similar between the 2 groups of mice. In contrast, there was no such difference between TP(-/-) and wild-type mice. To further determine whether PGI(2) and TXA(2) act directly on the cardiac tissue or indirectly through their action on blood constituents, we perfused excised heart according to the Langendorff technique. The isolated heart was then subjected to global ischemia followed by reperfusion. In IP(-/-) mice, developed tension and coronary flow rate during reperfusion were significantly lower and release of creatine kinase was significantly higher than those in wild-type mice. There were no such differences, however, between TP(-/-) and wild-type mice.PGI(2), which was produced endogenously during cardiac I/R, exerts a protective effect on cardiomyocytes independent of its effects on platelets and neutrophils. In contrast, TXA(2) has little role in the cardiac I/R injury.
THE STELLA SCORE: A NOVEL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHIC INDEX TO PREDICT FUNCTIONALLY SIGNIFICANT CORONARY STENOSES IN LESIONS WITH INTERMEDIATE STENOSIS SEVERITY
Authors: Brian Ko, Dennis Wong, Darryl Leong, James Cameron, Nitesh Nerlekar, Siang Soh, Ian Meredith, Sujith Seneviratne
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
A proposed nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for protein–energy wasting in acute and chronic kidney disease
Authors: D. Fouque, K. Kalantar-Zadeh, J. Kopple, N. Cano, P. Chauveau, L. Cuppari, H. Franch, G. Guarnieri, T.A. Ikizler, G. Kaysen, B. Lindholm, Z. Massy, W. Mitch, E. Pineda, P. Stenvinkel, A. Trevinho-Becerra, C. Wanner
Journal: Kidney International (2007)
Magnifying Chromoendoscopy and Endoscopic Ultrasonography Measure Invasion Depth of Early Stage Colorectal Cancer With Equal Accuracy on the Basis of a Prospective Trial
Authors: Takaya Shimura, Masahide Ebi, Tomonori Yamada, Yoshikazu Hirata, Hirotaka Nishiwaki, Takashi Mizushima, Koki Asukai, Shozo Togawa, Satoru Takahashi, Takashi Joh
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
Multifunctional calcium phosphate nano-contrast agent for combined nuclear, magnetic and near-infrared in vivo imaging
Authors: Anusha Ashokan, Genekehal S. Gowd, Vijay H. Somasundaram, Arun Bhupathi, Reshmi Peethambaran, A.K.K. Unni, Shanmugasundaram Palaniswamy, Shantikumar V. Nair, Manzoor Koyakutty
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
The Lipid Storage Diseases: New Concepts and Control
Authors: ROSCOE O. BRADY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

The nature of the enzymatic defect is now well established in ten inherited disorders of lipid metabolism. This information has provided for the development of facile, sensitive tests using readily available materials such as washed leukocytes or cultured skin fibroblasts for the diagnosis of these disorders; the detection of heterozygous carriers of these traits; and the monitoring of pregnancies at risk for any of these conditions. Recent investigations of enzyme replacement therapy have shown great promise for the treatment of patients with Fabry's disease and those with the adult form of Gaucher's disease. Additional procedures must be developed for successful enzyme replacement in patients where the central nervous system is damaged by the accumulation of lipids.
Medical Audit JCAH-Style: A Negative View
Authors: Bruce C. Rhoades
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  Dr Rosenberg's commentary is well delivered and well deserved. I offer the following continuing criticisms.   The reason for the success of the Performance Evaluation Procedure (PEP) format is the Professional Service Review Organizations (PSRO) legislation requiring audit and threatened loss of accreditation if audit was not being performed.  There is no provision for diagnostic nonsequitur (was the outcome really the outcome of the disease treated?).  The exception to criticism no. 2 is by tissue removal. The major area of effectiveness of PEP is in surgical areas of pathologically significant tissue removal.  It assumes that illness care ceases at the hospital door, asking only that follow-up be commented on.  It cannot lead to substantial changes in medical care because of No. 4 and the lack of continuity through an illness implied therein.
ON THE RECRUDESCENCE OF LOCAL SEPSIS IN COMPLETELY HEALED WOUNDS: AS THE RESULT OF SOME SURGICAL INTERFERENCE OR PASSIVE MOVEMENT
Authors: R. H. J. Swan, K. Goadby
Journal: BMJ (1915)

MEDICAL.To-zn,RLL 4 will not sooni be forgotten by us, nor by the patients tlhey tendtled so devotedly.Knowing the risks they ran they w,ere inidefatigable in their efforts for their coimrades-Britislh, Freielh, anid Belgians alike.
Neuroleptics, learning disability, and the community: some history and mystery.
Authors: D Manchester
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Recent papers have again highlighted the consistently high use of neuroleptic agents among people with a learning disability, despite the lack of good evidence to support their role in this population for behaviour management and despite the risks of such medication. Evidence suggests, however, that prescribing habits have remained relatively unchanged; the reasons for this are poorly understood. Given the lack of understanding about the factors contributing to such drug use, and the possibility that use of neuroleptics will increase as people with learning disabilities move into the community, there seems a clear need for clinical guidelines to cover the prescribing and monitoring of neuroleptics within this group. Such guidelines should also ensure that reviews, using reliable measures of treatment efficacy, are carried out regularly.
Effects of Sickle Cell Trait and Hemoglobin C Trait on Determinations of HbA1c by an Immunoassay Method
Authors: William L Roberts, Mary McCraw, Curtiss B Cook
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE A number of studies, including the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), have shown that good glycemic control, as assessed by GHb measurements, can reduce the chronic complications of diabetes. The National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP) was established to insure that GHb measurements by different methods were comparable and could be related to the candidate reference method used in the DCCT. The measurement of HbA1c in patients with Hb variants is one area not directly addressed by the NGSP. Therefore, we assessed the comparability of two DCCT-traceable methods in samples with Hb variants. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Samples containing HbAA, HbAC, and HbAS were collected from diabetic and nondiabetic patients. HbA1c concentrations were measured by a high-performance liquid chromatography method (Bio-Rad Diamat) and an immunoassay that is suitable for use in a physician's office (Bayer DCA 2000). RESULTS The two methods compared well for samples with HbAA and HbAS. However, for samples containing HbAC the immunoassay method showed relative positive biases of 8.4 and 10.4% at HbA1c levels of 7 and 9%, respectively, such that the two methods would not be judged comparable according to NGSP guidelines. CONCLUSIONS The DCA 2000 HbA1c immunoassay method showed significant positive bias in patients with HbC trait. One possible clinical implication of this overestimation is overly rigorous glycemic control with a concomitant increase in hypoglycemia. This may be especially important in certain ethnic populations, such as African-Americans, who have a relatively high prevalence of HbC trait.
Clinical Lecture on the Surgery of the Epiphyses
Authors: C. G. Wheelhouse
Journal: BMJ (1885)

G(ENTLEMEN,-In your experiences in the field of surgical practice, you will be called upon to traverse many thorny paths; and, I venture to predict, you will find few niore thickly beset with difficulties than those which will tax your skill in the treatment of accidental injuries of and around the joints of children and young subjects.You may have prepared yourselves by the most careful, painstaking, and accurate study of books; you may flatter yourselves that you have been close observers of all such injuries as have come under your observation, whether in hospital or in your more private experience; and yet, unless I am very greatly in error, you will, every now and then, be brought face to face with some such injury as will not only tax all your surgical acumen, all your anatomical knowledge, and all your experience, but concerniing which you will feel, after all, that, both in diagnosis and in treatment, there are elements in the case about which you can be by no means either perfectly clear or happy.I am sure I need hardly remind those of you who make good use of that most excellent institution, our Wednesday morning consultation, how often such cases are brought before us as a " staff," as a "court of decision," in which various opinions have been formed by as many people as have been consulted in the case before we see it, and in which even we, with all our large experience, are sometimes unable exactly to agree.I am not speaking of bond fide " recognised " tractures and disloca- tions, such as are most minutely described in your lectures and in all your surgical text-books.These, I need not say, you ought, and no doubt will, recognise easily enough; but of certain cases in which the nature of the accident that has happened is uncertain and un- ascertainable, in which the symptoms and conditions present will fit in with no known description, which will, in some points, answer to the usual descriptions of a dislocation, in some to those of a fracture, and in some to those of both, and which yet, when all are grouped together, will present some inexplicable features, and will leave you doubtful what the real nature of the injury is after all.If such a case as this be taken, as in a large number of instances they are, to a "bone-setter," it matters little, sare to the sufferer, either what he thinks or what he does.If he succeed, in his rough and ready way, in rectifying the evil, it is well; and if he do not, and the patient be permanently crippled, it is rarely even reckoned against him as a want of success; but it may be-I have seen very painful instances in which it has been-very differently dealt with as regards the duly qualified surgeon.He has often been dragged into a court of law, and, under a charge of malapraxis, has had to bend -THE BBITISH I(EDICAL'JOUBNAL.March-7, 1885.