tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The use of propranolol in the treatment of infantile haemangiomas: an update on potential mechanisms of action
Authors: Y. Ji, S. Chen, C. Xu, L. Li, B. Xiang
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Currently, propranolol is the preferred treatment for problematic proliferating infantile haemangiomas (IHs). The rapid action of propranolol has been shown to be especially dramatic in IHs involving dyspnoea, haemodynamic compromise, palpebral occlusion or ulceration. Another remarkable aspect of propranolol treatment revealed that the growth of the IHs was not only stabilized, but also that the improvement continued until complete involution was achieved, leading to a considerable shortening of the natural course of IH. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of propranolol have not been fully elucidated. Recent studies have offered evidence of a variety of mechanisms. These include the promotion of pericyte-mediated vasoconstriction, the inhibition of vasculogenesis and catecholamine-induced angiogenesis, the disruption of haemodynamic force-induced cell survival, and the inactivation of the renin-angiotensin system. This review summarizes these mechanisms and the new concepts that are emerging in this area of research. Moreover, several molecular mechanisms by which propranolol may modify neovascularization in IH have also been proposed. The antihaemangioma effect of propranolol may not be attributable to a single mechanism, but rather to a combination of events that have not yet been elucidated or understood. Further studies are needed to evaluate and verify these mechanisms to gain a greater understanding of the effects of the intake of propranolol on haemangioma involution.
An alternative approach to medical genetics based on modern evolutionary biology. Part 2: retroviral symbiosis
Authors: Frank P Ryan
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2009)

The vast proliferation of human endogenous retroviruses, and their derived and dependent products, in the human genome is increasingly recognized to be important in human embryology, normal physiology and disease. I introduced this subject in a preliminary paper, in 2004,1 but progress during the ensuing five years demands a wholesale reappraisal. As with mitochondrial symbiosis, we find profound differences, conceptually, and mechanistically, between viral symbiogenesis and what we have come to expect of mutation per se. Moreover, while there are helpful commonalities with the symbiotic mechanisms of mitochondrial genetics, there are also important differences. These differences, which have evolutionary and medical implications, derive from the quintessential nature of viruses, and their evolved genetic and genomic behavioural patterns.
Serum uric acid in acute gout
Authors: NAOMI SCHLESINGER, H RALPH SCHUMACHER JR, ANNA M BEUTLER, PAUL MCGILL, JULIE LOGAN, ELAINE MORRISON
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

Logan and colleagues recently re-emphasised that serum uric acid is often within the normal range during the acute episode of gout and suggested that serum urate invariably falls during episodes.1 We too have studied the frequency of normal uric acid concentrations during an acute episode.2 Thirty nine per cent of our patients as compared with 43% of Logan’s patients had serum uric acid concentrations …
Funding Priorities for Medical Research
Authors: Alan N. Schechter
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Insulin Resistance in Fat Cells From Insulin-Treated Type I Diabetic Individuals
Authors: P Lönnroth, G Blohmé, I Lager, L E Tisell, U Smith
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

Fat biopsies from the lower abdominal wall were obtained from 13 insulin-treated type I diabetic subjects and from 12 age-, weight-, and sex-matched control subjects. Insulin binding and the antilipolytic effect of insulin were studied. Insulin binding was significantly reduced in the diabetic subjects (34% reduction at tracer binding, P &amp;lt; 0.05) due to a decreased number of binding sites. In agreement with this, the dose-response curve for the antilipolytic effect of insulin was shifted to the right in the diabetic subjects. Furthermore, the maximal antilipolytic effect of insulin was also reduced (64%, P &amp;lt; 0.05). Thus, fat cells from conventionally treated type I diabetic individuals are resistant to insulin. This resistance is due to a combination of a decreased number of insulin binding sites and an unspecified intracellular (postreceptor) defect involving the antilipolytic effect of insulin. These findings are in accord with recent in vivo studies showing that type I diabetic patients are also resistant to the stimulating effect of insulin on glucose disposal.
Pathology of the Pulmonary Vascular Tree
Authors: JESSE E. EDWARDS, WILLIAM B. CHAMBERLIN
Journal: Circulation (1951)

The pulmonary vessels in 2 cases of cor triloculare with subaortic stenosis are compared. Each showed medial hypertrophy of the muscular arteries of the lungs. In 1 case concerning an 8 year old boy this class of vessels showed, in addition, severe intimal fibrosis. The arterioles were normal. It is emphasized that the changes in the pulmonary arteries are similar to those seen in the Eisenmenger complex, in coarctation of the aorta proximal to a patent ductus arteriosus and in the normal fetus. These conditions, though anatomically different from each other and from cor triloculare with subaortic stenosis, are functionally alike in that there is in each a common ventricular ejectile force for the pulmonary and the systemic circulations in the absence of stenosis in the major arterial pathways to the lungs. It is suggested that in cor triloculare biatriatum with subaortic stenosis, the structure of the pulmonary muscular arteries is, and that their function seems, similar to that of the fetus. The changes in the case of the malformation may be considered a carry-over from fetal life.
PCR-based diagnosis of the Filipino (??FIL) and Thai (??THAI) ?-thalassemia-1 deletions
Authors: Barry Eng, Margaret Patterson, Susan Borys, David H.K. Chui, John S. Waye
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2000)

In southeast Asia, the carrier frequency of two-gene alpha-thalassemia deletions is quite high, ranging from 4% to 14% depending on the population. The most common alpha-thalassemia-1 deletion is the so-called southeast Asian deletion (--(SEA)). In addition, a significant proportion of cases involve two other deletions, the Filipino (--(FIL)) and Thai (--(THAI)) deletions. In this report, we identify the deletion breakpoints for the (--(FIL)) and (--(THAI)) deletions, and describe PCR-based protocols for rapid and reliable DNA diagnosis of these deletions.
An Epidemic of Illness Due to Coxsackie Virus Group B, Type 2
Authors: E. A. Ager, W. C. Felsenstein, E. R. Alexander, M. E. Wymer, E. Sabotta, V. Ashby
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Clinical and epidemiological features of 142 cases of Coxsackie B<sub>2</sub>disease were studied during an epidemic in and near Lind, Wash, in 1961. Prevalent symptoms included fever, headache, myalgia, dizziness, sore throat, nausea, and vomiting. Pleurodynia was present in 22 cases. Orchitis occurred in seven patients and epididymitis in three patients. Coxsackie B<sub>2</sub>virus was recovered from fecal specimens in 47 of 95 patients and from four of 34 asymptomatic household contacts. The epidemic lasted three months and ultimately produced illness in 12.7% of the population studied. Attack rates were highest in children and among family contacts of cases.
Anti-latent TGF-β binding protein-1 antibody or synthetic oligopeptides inhibit extracellular matrix expression induced by stretch in cultured rat mesangial cells
Authors: Yuichi Hori, Tetsuo Katoh, Masao Hirakata, Shinya Kaname, Masafumi Fukagawa, Toshihiro Okuda, Hideya Ohashi, Toshiro Fujita, Kohei Miyazono, Kiyoshi Kurokawa
Journal: Kidney International (1998)
Serum levels of fluconazole in patients after cytotoxic chemotherapy for hematological malignancy
Authors: Masahiro Kami, Yasufusa Sawada, Shin-ichiro Mori, Junji Hirate, Nakao Kojima, Yoshinobu Kanda, Akiko Moriya, Koichiro Yuji, Toshiki Saito, Shigeru Chiba, Hisamaru Hirai
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

We performed a prospective evaluation of pharmacokinetics of fluconazole administered for prophylactic purposes to 19 patients after cytotoxic chemotherapy for hematological malignancies. On days 7 and 15, we obtained 5 ml of blood from each patient. If fluconazole was administered orally, blood samples were drawn 2, 8, and 24 hr after ingestion of the drug. If it was administered intravenously, blood samples were drawn 1, 8, and 24 hr post-injection. Serum fluconazole levels were analyzed by HPLC with ultraviolet light detection. In patients receiving 200 or 400 mg of fluconazole per day, maximal serum levels were 7.9 and 15.6 mg/l and minimum levels were 5.0 and 10.3 mg/l, respectively. There was no significant difference in serum fluconazole levels comparing the levels after oral and intravenous administration, and pharmacokinetic parameters of fluconazole were comparable at each time point within one dose level. However, considerable variation in serum fluconazole levels was noted in this study, as the maximal serum levels ranged from 4.0 to 13.3 mg/l and from 8.7 to 26.9 mg/l in patients receiving 200 and 400 mg of fluconazole orally, respectively. These variations may be associated with prophylactic failures for patients with insufficient fluconazole concentrations. Multiple regression analysis showed significant correlation between serum fluconazole levels and some variables including dose of fluconazole, age, serum aspartate aminotransferase levels and blood urea nitrogen levels. These variations may be associated with disturbance of body water balance, such as massive hemorrhage and dehydration. Am. J. Hematol. 66:85–91, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Can Lymph Node Ratio Replace pN Categories in the Tumor-Node-Metastasis Classification System for Esophageal Cancer?
Authors: Zihui Tan, Guowei Ma, Haoxian Yang, Lanjun Zhang, Tiehua Rong, Peng Lin
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)

We evaluated the prognostic value of lymph node ratio (LNR) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients after tri-incisional esophagectomy by making comparisons with pN categories in the UICC/AJCC (International Union Against Cancer/American Joint Committee on Cancer) classification system (seventh edition).Seven hundred ESCC patients underwent tri-incisional esophagectomy at our center (1988-2008) without neoadjuvant therapy. The adjusted X-tile cutoff values for LNR of 0 and 0.25 were compared with those in UICC/AJCC pN categories.Univariate and multivariate analyses identified LNR as a significant prognostic factor regardless of the number of retrieved LNs. Spearman's correlation analysis showed close linear correlations between the number of examined and metastatic LNs (r = 0.205, p < 0.001), but not between the number of examined LNs and LNR (r = 0.058, p = 0.123). Significant prognostic differences were seen among LNR categories in all pT categories (p < 0.05), but not in pN categories stratified by tumor status (except T3: p < 0.001). Significant prognostic difference was seen among LNR categories in all pN categories (p < 0.05), but not between pN categories in all LNR categories (p > 0.05). Significant differences in 5-year cancer-specific survival rates were found among retrieved-node groups in the same pN category (except N2+3: p = 0.733), but not within the same LNR category (except N0: p < 0.001).LNR is an independent prognostic factor after tri-incisional esophagectomy, regardless of the number of retrieved LNs. In ESCC, LNR might reduce stage migration, have more potential for predicting patient outcomes, and compensate for deficiencies in UICC/AJCC pN categories.
"ENDOCRINE TREATMENT OF CRYPTORCHISM"
Authors: Carl B. Drake
Journal: JAMA (1942)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> After reading the article on this subject by Thompson and Heckel (The Journal, Dec. 6, 1941, p. 1953) I must voice decidedly different opinions as to the proper treatment of youngsters with this condition. The authors recommend the injection of chorionic gonadotropin from three to six times a week. This is continued from six to eight weeks on the average or until some growth in the genitals is produced. If under this treatment the testis or testes do not descend, immediate operation is advised. The authors feel a little uncertain how early in life this treatment should be instituted, but their observations suggest a very early age. The authors admit that glandular therapy will not cause descent of a testis which will not descend spontaneously by puberty. This treatment, however, separates the cases that require operation; by means of glandular and operative treatment the testis is brought
Insulin-like growth factor-I attenuates myocardial hypertrophic response to sarcomeric mutations in human familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: David A. Begley, Saidi A. Mohiddin, Andrew E. Arai, Jing-Ping Lin, Dorothy Tripodi, Lameh Fananapazir
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Noise and the Patient in Hospital
Authors: C. Statham
Journal: BMJ (1959)

UNCOMPLICATED PSORIASISDBRrns 1247Finally, we have still got to say, " There is no cure for psoriasis"; but there is some hope that within the lifetime of many of us the aetiology will be discovered and either a cure or else adequate preventive measures may become available.I have to thank my colleagues, Dr.
Successful engraftment of donor marrow after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in autosomal-recessive hyper-IgE syndrome caused by dedicator of cytokinesis 8 deficiency
Authors: Douglas R. McDonald, Michel J. Massaad, Alicia Johnston, Sevgi Keles, Talal Chatila, Raif S. Geha, Sung-Yun Pai
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Glucose Sensing in L Cells: A Primary Cell Study
Authors: Frank Reimann, Abdella M. Habib, Gwen Tolhurst, Helen E. Parker, Gareth J. Rogers, Fiona M. Gribble
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2008)

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an enteric hormone that stimulates insulin secretion and improves glycaemia in type 2 diabetes. Although GLP-1-based treatments are clinically available, alternative strategies to increase endogenous GLP-1 release from L cells are hampered by our limited physiological understanding of this cell type. By generating transgenic mice with L cell-specific expression of a fluorescent protein, we studied the characteristics of primary L cells by electrophysiology, fluorescence calcium imaging, and expression analysis and show that single L cells are electrically excitable and glucose responsive. Sensitivity to tolbutamide and low-millimolar concentrations of glucose and α-methylglucopyranoside, assessed in single L cells and by hormone secretion from primary cultures, suggested that GLP-1 release is regulated by the activity of sodium glucose cotransporter 1 and ATP-sensitive K+ channels, consistent with their high expression levels in purified L cells by quantitative RT-PCR. These and other pathways identified using this approach will provide exciting opportunities for future physiological and therapeutic exploration.
NLRP1 Inflammasome Activation Induces Pyroptosis of Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells
Authors: Seth L. Masters, Motti Gerlic, Donald Metcalf, Simon Preston, Marc Pellegrini, Joanne A. O’Donnell, Kate McArthur, Tracey M. Baldwin, Stephane Chevrier, Cameron J. Nowell, Louise H. Cengia, Katya J. Henley, Janelle E. Collinge, Daniel L. Kastner, Lionel Feigenbaum, Douglas J. Hilton, Warren S. Alexander, Benjamin T. Kile, Ben A. Croker
Journal: Immunity (2012)
Characterization studies on cadmium-mycophosphatin from the mushroom Agaricus macrosporus.
Authors: H U Meisch, J A Schmitt
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

A low molecular weight Cd-binding phosphoglycoprotein, cadmium-mycophosphatin, has been isolated from the mushroom Agaricus macrosporus. This protein has a molecular weight of 12,000 dalton and contains no sulfur but a high amount of acid amino acids (Glu, Asp), and carbohydrates (glucose, galactose). Cadmium-mycophosphatin has an isoelectric point less than pH 2, binds cadmium with a dissociation constant of KD = 1.59 X 10 M (pKD = 6.8) and is saturated with 13.5 mole Cd/mole, all Cd-binding sites being equivalent. It is suggested that Cd is bound by phosphoserine groups, similar relations being known from calcium-binding proteins in animals. From A. macrosporus four other low-molecular weight glycoproteins have been isolated which contain sulfur and bind cadmium and copper. The biological significance of these Cd-binding proteins is discussed.
Review: Extended-duration chemoprophylaxis with neuraminidase inhibitors prevents symptomatic influenza
Authors: Allison McGeer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Source Citation Khazeni N, Bravata DM, Holty JE, et al. Systematic review: safety and efficacy of extended-duration antiviral chemoprophylaxis against pandemic and seasonal influenza. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151:464−73. 19652173
Dynamicists versus computationalists: Whither mechanists?
Authors: William Bechtel
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Van Gelder's characterization of the differences between the dynamical and computational hypotheses, in terms of the contrast between change versus state and geometry versus structure, suggests that the dynamical approach is also at odds with classical mechanism. Dynamical and mechanistic approaches are in fact allies: mechanism can identify components whose properties define the variables that are related in dynamical analyses.
EEG STUDIES OF NINE CASES WITH MAJOR PSYCHOSES RECEIVING METRAZOL
Authors: KNOX H. FINLEY, JOSEPH M. LESKO
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1941)

1. The EEG tracings taken during metrazol treatment of 9 psychotic patients are reported. 2. Four of the 9 cases showed no temporary or permanent change in the quality of the EEG tracings other than those changes appearing during and immediately following each metrazol injection. These 4 cases received 6 or less injections each, with one exception, case 4, which received 11 injections. 3. Changes of a temporary nature lasting days or weeks appeared in 3 of the 9 cases, the three cases receiving 9 to 14 injections. 4. The 2 cases who received the greatest number of shocks, 18 and 20 injections respectively, showed permanent abnormal changes in the character of the brain potentials. 5. It is concluded that temporary changes in the brain potentials lasting days or weeks may occur in cases receiving in the neighborhood of 10 injections and changes of a permanent character may be expected in those cases receiving 20 or more injections.
Laterality and incidence of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder and plantar fasciitis among rural Saudis in the Jeddah zone.
Authors: W C Agunwa
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

Laterality and incidence of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder and plantar fasciitis among rural Saudis in the Jeddah zone SIR, In western medical publications adhesive capsulitis ('frozen shoulder', 'shoulder-hand syndrome') is suppos- edly commoner on the left side,' perhaps related to the finding that in an appreciable number of cases of adhesive capsulitis there is a preceding episode of a silent or overt cardiac infarct.The laterality and incidence of this condition and of plantar fasciitis were investigated among rural Saudis in a newly opened government general hospital in the Jeddah zone to see if the findings correlated with those in the West.A significant right sided preponderance in clinical symptoms of adhesive capsulitis2 3 and a significant left sided preponderance of plantar fasciitis was found among 6000 rural Saudis in the Jeddah zone, seen in the orthopaedic outpatients clinic in the first 18 months of the newly opened hospital.There were 375 presentations of clinical adhesive capsulitis from 369 patients (201 male, 168 female) with the complaint, an incidence of 6-15% (369/6000).The age range was 17-75 years, with an average age for the men of 43 and for the women of 42.The disorder was bilateral in six patients (three men, three women), right sided in 216, and left sided in 147-a significant right sided preponderance.Over the same period there were 84 presentations of clinical plantar fasciitis from 78 patients (63 male, 15 female), an incidence of 1-3%.4Symptoms were left sided in 48 instances, right sided in 18, and bilateral in 12-a significant left sided preponderance.The age range was 28-60 years, with an average age for the men of 35 and for the women of 43.For those with bilateral involvement the average age was also 43 years.No ready explanation was found for the laterality observed in these conditions.Perhaps social customs are implicated.Further studies seem to be warranted.
Merits of collaboration between industry and academia
Authors: C. E. L. Evans, D. Greenwood, V. Burley, J. Cade
Journal: BMJ (2015)

As a group of scientists working within academia, we are concerned by the implications of your feature suggesting that industry should stop funding external research.1 Universities are one of the best types of institution to carry out nutrition research because academic researchers are interested in finding out the truth. Would it be better if all universities refused to work with the food industry and the food industry carried out its own research without collaboration with universities? We think not. …
The epidemiology and prophylaxis of hepatitis B in sub-Saharan Africa: a view from tropical and subtropical Africa.
Authors: C F Kiire
Journal: Gut (1996)

There are approximately 50 million chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Africa, with a 25% mortality risk. In sub-Saharan Africa, carrier rates range from 9-20%. Many studies have suggested that HBV transmission in Africa occurs predominantly in childhood, by the horizontal rather than the perinatal route. The exact mode of transmission is uncertain but probably involves percutaneous infection through saliva or traces of blood, as well through unsterile needles, tribal scarification, and other possible vehicles. Compared with adult HBsAg carriers in the Far East, those in Africa have a low rate of HBeAg positivity, which may account for the relatively low rates of perinatal infection. It is also possible that African infants are less susceptible to perinatal HBV infection compared with their Asian counterparts. Alternatively, it may be that African infants are indeed infected with HBV at birth but, for genetically determined reasons, have persistently negative tests for a number of years until the virus is reactivated. In view of the high HBV carrier rates in the general population, universal immunisation of all infants is recommended. Ways of incorporating the hepatitis B vaccine into the Expanded Programme on Immunisation in each country are being evaluated.