tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Photopheresis for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma
Authors: Steven Armus, Bonnie Keyes, Carol Cahill, Carole Berger, Deborah Crater, Dwight Scarborough, Albert Klainer, Emil Bisaccia
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1990)

We investigated the use of extracorporeal chemotherapy (photopheresis) in eight patients with cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Initially described by Edelson et al. for the treatment of erythrodermic cutaneous T cell lymphoma, we have expanded the treatment to include patients with extensive patch/plaque disease as well as tumor-stage disease. Four of five patients with erythrodermic stage disease had either a complete or a partial clinical remission with photopheresis alone. One patient with extensive patch/plaque disease continued to have a partial clinical remission of 7 months' duration with photopheresis alone. Of the two patients with tumor-stage disease, one remained without evidence of clinical disease at 10 months with photopheresis alone, whereas the second patient had a partial clinical remission of 5 months with a combination of local radiation therapy followed by monthly photopheresis. The skin biopsy specimen obtained from the patient with tumor-stage disease in complete clinical remission did not show cutaneous T cell lymphoma. We conclude that photopheresis is an effective modality alone or in combination with adjunctive therapy for erythroderma, extensive patch/plaque disease, and some tumor-stage disease.
Operative mortality and postoperative morbidity of highly selective vagotomy.
Authors: D Johnston
Journal: BMJ (1975)

In a world-wide survey of the results of 5539 highly selective vagotomies (HSVs) performed electively for duodenal ulcer the operative mortality was found to be 0-3%. This was lower than that found in collected series after either vagotomy with drainage (0-8%) or gastric resection with or without vagotomy (over 1%). Necrosis of the lesser curvature occurred in 10 patients (0-2%) after HSV and caused death in 5(0-1%). Such necrosis is probably ischaemic in origin. Hence reperitonealisation of the raw area on the lesser curvature and prompt laparotomy if the patient develops signs of peritonitis might lower the mortality still further. Three deaths were due to pulmonary embolism, one to mesenteric vascular occlusion, and four to myocardial infarction; such deaths might be reduced by the prophylactic use of low-dose heparin. Persisting gastric stasis requiring drainage occurred in only 0-1% of the patients in the early postoperative period and in 0-6% of the patients later. Hence drainage procedures, which produce side effects such as early dumping, bilious vomiting, and diiarrhoea, could be abandoned if the mean incidence of recurrent ulceration after HSV remains close to its present level. HSV is probably the safest operation for duodenal ulcer because the alimentary tract is not opened and there is no anastomosis, suture line, or stoma.
Tumor Cell Recognition Efficiency by T Cells
Authors: Daniel E Speiser, Jean-Charles Cerottini, Pedro Romero
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Gatz's statement, "At least half of the explanation for individual differences in susceptibility to Alzheimer disease is genetic" [1], is, in my opinion, incorrect.As the one who led the team debating Ashford and Mortimer, whose 2002 article [2] supports this statement, at the 2001 conference on Alzheimer disease (AD) in Cincinnati ("Challenging Views of Alzheimer's Disease") [3], I think that the evidence that dietary and lifestyle factors explain the majority of the individual risk for AD in the US is very strong.My original paper in 1997 [4] found that total dietary fat and energy intake were the most important dietary risk factors, while fi sh and cereal intake were the most important risk reduction factors.These fi ndings have been generally confi rmed by Drs.Luchsinger and Morris and others.The reason I did my study was that the Honolulu Heart Study reported that Japanese American men in Hawaii had 2.5 times the risk of AD of native Japanese.African-Americans have about four times the risk of AD of native Nigerians.If genetics were the primary risk factor, those living in the US would have a risk of developing AD very similar to that of individuals living in their ancestral home.The reason this is not the case is that the American diet provides too much food, which is a particular problem for those genetically predisposed to AD.
Scientific Misconduct-Reply
Authors: Kristina C. Gunsalus
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Masters suggests that better accountability would be achieved if the rules governing scientific misconduct were to be developed by the general public who pay for research. Masters also suggests that citizens should police the process. As we made clear in our Editorial, the American public, through its elected representatives, has already had a strong influence on setting up both the rules and the process. We believe that this has had a salutary effect. Our Editorial concerns the problems inherent in a professional community policing itself. The history of this issue has shown that everyone, within the profession or outside it, has great difficulty accepting, understanding, and coping with such deceptive practices. We doubt that "a cross-section of the American public" would understand scientific fraud better than the scientist-, lawyer-, and physician-taxpayers whom Masters would consult. We strongly believe that to be properly accountable, the scientific community must acknowledge
Similar PI3K and RTK-RAS Status in Patient Derived Colorectal Cancer-Xenografts and Patients
Authors: M. Nunes, L.B. Weiswald, P. Vrignaud, S. Vacher, E. Turlotte, S. Richon, S. Roman-Roman, I. Bièche, V. Dangles-Marie
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Production of β‐globin and adult hemoglobin following G418 treatment of erythroid precursor cells from homozygous β<sup>0</sup>39 thalassemia patients
Authors: Francesca Salvatori, Giulia Breveglieri, Cristina Zuccato, Alessia Finotti, Nicoletta Bianchi, Monica Borgatti, Giordana Feriotto, Federica Destro, Alessandro Canella, Eleonora Brognara, Ilaria Lampronti, Laura Breda, Stefano Rivella, Roberto Gambari
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

In several types of thalassemia (including beta(0)39-thalassemia), stop codon mutations lead to premature translation termination and to mRNA destabilization through nonsense-mediated decay. Drugs (for instance aminoglycosides) can be designed to suppress premature termination, inducing a ribosomal readthrough. These findings have introduced new hopes for the development of a pharmacologic approach to the cure of this disease. However, the effects of aminoglycosides on globin mRNA carrying beta-thalassemia stop mutations have not yet been investigated. In this study, we have used a lentiviral construct containing the beta(0)39-thalassemia globin gene under control of the beta-globin promoter and a LCR cassette. We demonstrated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis the production of beta-globin by K562 cell clones expressing the beta(0)39-thalassemia globin gene and treated with G418. More importantly, after FACS and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses, erythroid precursor cells from beta(0)39-thalassemia patients were demonstrated to be able to produce beta-globin and adult hemoglobin after treatment with G418. This study strongly suggests that ribosomal readthrough should be considered a strategy for developing experimental strategies for the treatment of beta(0)-thalassemia caused by stop codon mutations. Am. J. Hematol., 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Photochemotherapy (PUVA) in the treatment of urticaria pigmentosa
Authors: D. VELLABRIFFA, R.A.J. EADY, M.P. JAMES, S. GATTI, S.S. BLEEHEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

Eight patients received PUVA for mastocytosis. Five women had typical adult-onset urticaria pigmentosa, without evidence of systemic disease. Another woman had suspected hepatic involvement while the remaining female had early-onset familial urticaria pigmentosa with morphologically atypical mast cells. The only male patient had cirrhosis with hepatic deposits of mast cells in addition to polycythaemia rubra vera. In all patients, except the man with systemic disease, there was reduced pruritus and wealing and partial to almost complete fading of the macules. The manifestations of urticaria pigmentosa recurred after treatment was discontinued. In both lesional and uninvolved skin there was no significant change in either the mean mast cell counts or mast cell ultrastructure after an average of twenty-seven PUVA exposures. In addition, PUVA did not cause a significant alteration in the histamine content of the skin. The beneficial effect of PUVA in urticaria pigmentosa therefore does not appear to be directly related to a change in mast cell numbers or morphology, or to the histamine concentration in the skin. Urticaria pigmentosa usually presents as a generalized maculo-papular rash which urticates on rubbing (Darier's sign). Many patients are troubled only by the unsightliness of the rash while some complain of pruritus, wealing or flushing. These symptoms are attributed to the release of histamine by mast cells which characteristically occur in increased numbers in the dermis. Symptomatic treatment is often unrewarding, but favourable results have been claimed for cimetidine with or without Hi blockers (Hirschowitz & Groarke, 1979; O'Laughlin & Bredfeldt, 1980) and for oral disodium cromoglycate (Soter, Austen & Wasserman, 1979; Czarnetski & Behrendt, 1981). In 1978, Christophers and colleagues reported that photochemotherapy (PUVA) produced symptomatic relief in all of ten adult patients with typical urticaria pigmentosa. Similarly encouraging results were subsequently reported from other centres (Ortonne et al., 1980; Allevato, Donatti & Cordero, 1980; Granerus, Roupe & Swanbeck, 1981; Väätäinen, Hannuksela & Karvonen, 1981). In this study we examined the effects of PUVA in eight adult patients with urticaria pigmentosa. Although PUVA produced a moderately good clinical response in seven out of these eight patients (reduced pruritus, reduced wealing and faded macules) quantitative studies failed to reveal a consistent effect of PUVA on either the mast cell population density or the histamine concentration in both lesional and clinically uninvolved skin. The findings arc discussed in relation to existing information concerning the effect of ultraviolet radiation (U VR) on mast cells and other constituents of the skin.
Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine
Authors: E. William Hancock
Journal: JAMA (2007)

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Even More Legal Controls on the Physician's Hospital Practice
Authors: David S. Rubsamen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Do PSRO regulations reflect the ultimate extent of controls over the hospital practice of independent staff physicians? No, far from it. An emerging legal doctrine, "hospital corporate responsibility," promises far more stringent standards for quality control and peer review. The Illinois Supreme Court's 1965 decision in Darling vs. Charleston Community Memorial Hospital1 started this trend.The case involved a general practitioner's obviously negligent management of a child's fractured tibia, resulting in amputation. The court found two bases for the hospital's liability. The first was that floor nurses failed to exercise their own judgment concerning the adequacy of the patient's medical . . .
Childhood eczema and rhinitis predict atopic but not nonatopic adult asthma: A prospective cohort study over 4 decades
Authors: Pamela E. Martin, Melanie C. Matheson, Lyle Gurrin, John A. Burgess, Nicholas Osborne, Adrian J. Lowe, Stephen Morrison, Désirée Mészáros, Graham G. Giles, Michael J. Abramson, E. Haydn Walters, Katrina J. Allen, Shyamali C. Dharmage
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Penicillin-Resistant Staphylococci
Authors: Boris E. Reisberg
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the recent article by Ross et al (229:1075, 1974), 84% of the staphylococcal (<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>) isolates from community-acquired infections in children were found to be resistant to penicillin. This is similar to our findings in an adult population. Data obtained from our surveillance program from February 1973 to May 1974 (16 months) showed that 82 patients were admitted to the hospital with community-acquired<i>S aureus</i>infections. In 51 patients (62%), the<i>S aureus</i>isolated was resistant to penicillin. All patients who were recently discharged from the hospital or who had ongoing chronic infection were excluded from this study. Sensitivity testing was performed by serial agar diffusion in Mueller-Hinton agar, using a Sears replicator. Those organismswhose growth was not inhibited by 1.0μg/ml of penicillin were considered resistant. A few staphylococcal isolates were tested by the Kirby-Bauer Method, using the standard 10-unit disk of penicillin. A
Galactomannan in Bronchoalveolar Lavage for Diagnosing Invasive Fungal Disease
Authors: Kristina Affolter, Michael Tamm, Kathleen Jahn, Jörg Halter, Jakob Passweg, Hans H. Hirsch, Daiana Stolz
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Invasive fungal disease (IFD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients.We hypothesize that galactomannan (GM), a component of fungal cell wall, as measured in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) might be a diagnostic adjunct in hematologic malignancies.A total of 568 hematologic cases undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy because of respiratory symptoms and/or suspected IFD between 2009 and 2013 at a tertiary care center in Switzerland were included in this prospective, observational cohort study. We compared accuracy of the BAL GM ELISA determination in predicting IFD as classified by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group (EORTC/MSG) definition.BAL GM was positive in 155 cases (29.2%). According to the EORTC/MSG criteria, IFD was classified as possible in 182 (34.3%), probable in 45 (8.5%), and proved in six (1.1%). BAL GM provided 50% sensitivity, 73.0% specificity, 16% positive predictive value, and 93% negative predictive value for diagnosing proven+probable IFD. Results were similar when antifungal treatment and radiologic suspicion of IFD were used as the gold standard. The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve for the diagnosis of proven+probable IFD was 0.716 (95% confidence interval, 0.638-0.794; P < 0.001).GM in BAL had modest agreement with EORTC/MSG criteria for diagnosing IFD in immunocompromised patients with a high degree of antifungal exposure.
Risk of neuropsychiatric adverse events associated with varenicline: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: K. H. Thomas, R. M. Martin, D. W. Knipe, J. P. T. Higgins, D. Gunnell
Journal: BMJ (2015)

<b>Objective</b> To determine the risk of neuropsychiatric adverse events associated with use of varenicline compared with placebo in randomised controlled trials. <b>Design</b> Systematic review and meta-analysis comparing study effects using two summary estimates in fixed effects models, risk differences, and Peto odds ratios. <b>Data sources</b> Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and clinicaltrials.gov. <b>Eligibility criteria for selecting studies </b>Randomised controlled trials with a placebo comparison group that reported on neuropsychiatric adverse events (depression, suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, suicide, insomnia, sleep disorders, abnormal dreams, somnolence, fatigue, anxiety) and death. Studies that did not involve human participants, did not use the maximum recommended dose of varenicline (1 mg twice daily), and were cross over trials were excluded. <b>Results</b> In the 39 randomised controlled trials (10 761 participants), there was no evidence of an increased risk of suicide or attempted suicide (odds ratio 1.67, 95% confidence interval 0.33 to 8.57), suicidal ideation (0.58, 0.28 to 1.20), depression (0.96, 0.75 to 1.22), irritability (0.98, 0.81 to 1.17), aggression (0.91, 0.52 to 1.59), or death (1.05, 0.47 to 2.38) in the varenicline users compared with placebo users. Varenicline was associated with an increased risk of sleep disorders (1.63, 1.29 to 2.07), insomnia (1.56, 1.36 to 1.78), abnormal dreams (2.38, 2.05 to 2.77), and fatigue (1.28, 1.06 to 1.55) but a reduced risk of anxiety (0.75, 0.61 to 0.93). Similar findings were observed when risk differences were reported. There was no evidence for a variation in depression and suicidal ideation by age group, sex, ethnicity, smoking status, presence or absence of psychiatric illness, and type of study sponsor (that is, pharmaceutical industry or other). <b>Conclusions</b> This meta-analysis found no evidence of an increased risk of suicide or attempted suicide, suicidal ideation, depression, or death with varenicline. These findings provide some reassurance for users and prescribers regarding the neuropsychiatric safety of varenicline. There was evidence that varenicline was associated with a higher risk of sleep problems such as insomnia and abnormal dreams. These side effects, however,<b></b>are already well recognised. <b>Systematic review registration</b> PROSPERO 2014:CRD42014009224.
Hit or Miss?: Benefits and Risks of Using Nanoparticles for <i>in Situ</i> Remediation
Authors: Adrian Burton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Nanotechnology holds the promise of vastly expanding our ability to clean up hazardous waste sites and decontaminate polluted groundwater in situ.Polychlorinated biphenyls, organic solvents, petroleum products, arsenic, and many more contaminants are on the list that specifically engineered nanoparticles could rapidly remove from contaminated soil and water, saving billions of dollars that would have been spent on more expensive conventional remediation methods.These possibilitites are discussed in a review of field tests using nanomaterials [EHP 117:1823-1831; Karn et al.].However, the authors caution, our knowledge of the potential environmental and health hazards posed by these nanomaterials is in its infancy.In the United States alone there are hundreds of thousands of sites contaminated with hazardous wastes, with more than 1,200 requiring priority attention.Using traditional remediation technologies, such as pumping out and treating contaminated groundwater and removing contaminated soil, the job of cleaning up U.S. hazardous waste sites could take 35 years and $250 billion.The authors of this review, however, report on results showing that nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) nanoparticles could dramatically reduce the time required to remediate soil and water as well as, according to one report, save 80-90% compared with conventional methods.Although tiny in diameter, the surface area of these iron-based nanoparticles reaches 20-40 m 2 /g.This relatively large surface area can greatly increase the particles' reactivity.Flowing with the groundwater they can spread out to react with pollutants, transforming them into safer compounds, including compounds that bacteria can break down.The authors provide many examples of how nZVIs, currently the nano materials most widely used for in situ remediation, produced measurable effects within days or, in some cases, hours.However, the authors also emphasize that we do not know much about the potential adverse effects of nanoparticles deployed into the environment-agents that could, for example, end up in our drinking water.Some nanomaterials have already been found to enter organisms.Might some be toxic or transport bound pollutants to places they might not other wise have gone?Can they be biomagnified?How do they affect living organisms?The authors point out that, although the environment is full of naturally occurring nanoparticles, manufactured nanoparticles may behave in unpredictable ways.They recommend that while we improve engineering applications using nanoparticles for in situ remediation, we also develop the analytical tools to enable the study of manufactured nanoparticles in the environment and increase research on the ecosystem effects of these materials.
Mendel stayed home
Authors: Andrew P. Feinberg
Journal: Trends in Genetics (1999)

J.S. Haldane said that he would give his life to save three drowning brothers or nine first cousins, but what about three half-brothers? Yes, if they are maternal, because of asymmetric survival advantages of maternally and paternally transmitted genes, said David Haig (Harvard University, USA) at this recent conference on genomic imprinting (reviewed in 1 Bartolomei M.S. Tilghman S.M. Genomic imprinting in mammals. Annu. Rev. Genet. 1997; 31: 493-525 Crossref PubMed Scopus (488) Google Scholar , 2 Bestor T.H. Tycko B. Creation of genomic methylation patterns. Nat. Genet. 1996; 12: 363-367 Crossref PubMed Scopus (259) Google Scholar ) organized by Randy Jirtle (Duke University, USA) and cosponsored by the US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). The conference was not meant to be comprehensive, for example, the SNRPN crowd was not there, but there was an excitement caused, I believe, by the perception that imprinting challenges the classical view of genetics, that is, the study of inheritance of traits, which was thought to be a dead issue until recently.
Induction of Labour by Simultaneous Intravenous Administration of Prostaglandin E2 and Oxytocin
Authors: W. C. M. K. Naismith, W. Barr, J. MacVicar
Journal: BMJ (1972)

In a group of 20 matched primigravid patients labour was induced by forewater amniotomy followed by intravenous oxytocin (Syntocinon) administered in escalating doses. Ten of these patients, in a double-blind trial, also received prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> infused simultaneously with the oxytocin. In the combined prostaglandin-oxytocin group there was a noticeable reduction in the dosage of oxytocin required to produce effective uterine action, and the duration of labour was also reduced. No side effects were observed.