tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Self-Screening for Significant Bacteriuria
Authors: Calvin M. Kunin
Journal: JAMA (1975)

A self-administered dip-strip device was used to screen for urinary tract infection in female subjects. Fifty-two cases of significant persistent bacteriuria were detected among 2,250 subjects by simultaneous use of pourplate quantitative cultures. The dip-strip culture test had good reliability in detecting Gram-negative organisms. Repeated nitrite tests, performed on first-morning specimens and read by the patient, also had good reliability in detecting Gram-negative bacteria. No false-positive test occurred. The device is effective in screening out contaminants, thus decreasing the need for repeated testing.
UK medical schools should expand to meet staff shortages
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The UK government is on the right track to revitalise the NHS, but it should recalculate the number of extra staff that will be needed, the Commons health committee reported this week after its inquiry into future staffing requirements.

The proposals will not be unwelcome to the government but it is likely to disagree with the MPs over recommendations to change the pay review bodies and …
Duration of Anticoagulation Following Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: David Ost, Josh Tepper, Hanako Mihara, Owen Lander, Raphael Heinzer, Alan Fein
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) are susceptible to recurrent events, but whether prolonging anticoagulation is warranted in patients with VTE remains controversial.To review the available evidence and quantify the risks and benefits of extending the duration of anticoagulation in patients with VTE.PubMed, EMBase Pharmacology, the Cochrane database, clinical trial Web sites, and a hand search of reference lists.Included studies were randomized controlled trials with results published from 1969 through 2004 and evaluating the duration of anticoagulation in patients with VTE that measured recurrent VTE. Excluded studies were those enrolling only pure populations of high-risk patients. Two independent reviewers assessed each article for inclusion and exclusion criteria, with adjudication by a third reviewer in cases of disagreement. Fifteen of 67 studies were included in the analysis.Two independent reviewers performed data extraction using a standardized form, with adjudication by the remainder of the investigators in cases of disagreement. Data regarding recurrent VTE, major bleeding, person-time at risk, and study quality were extracted.If patients in the long-term therapy group remained receiving anticoagulation, the risk of recurrent VTE with long- vs short-term therapy was reduced (weighted incidence rate, 0.020 vs 0.126 events/person-year; rate difference, -0.106 [95% confidence interval {CI}, -0.145 to -0.067]; P<.001; pooled incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.21 [95% CI, 0.14 to 0.31]; P<.001). If anticoagulation in the long-term therapy group was discontinued, the risk reduction was less pronounced (weighted incidence rate, 0.052 vs 0.072 events/person-year; rate difference, -0.020 [95% CI, -0.039 to -0.001]; P = .04; pooled IRR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.53 to 0.91]; P = .009). The risk of major bleeding with long- vs short-term therapy was similar (weighted incidence rate, 0.011 vs 0.006 events/person-year; rate difference, 0.005 [95% CI, -0.002 to 0.011]; P = .14; pooled IRR, 1.80 [95% CI, 0.72 to 4.51]; P = .21).Patients who receive extended anticoagulation are protected from recurrent VTE while receiving long-term therapy. The clinical benefit is maintained after anticoagulation is discontinued, but the magnitude of the benefit is less pronounced.
Hemangioma of the Esophagus: Endosonographic Imaging and Endoscopic Resection
Authors: H. Yoshikane, T. Suzuki, N. Yoshioka, Y. Ogawa, T. Ochi, N. Hasegawa
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

A 49-year-old Japanese man was seen to have an esophageal tumor on a routine barium swallow examination. Endoscopy revealed a sessile polyp covered by an almost normal esophageal mucosa, and the bioptic histology was non-diagnostic. Endoscopic ultasonography showed a hypoechoic tumor with a diameter of 12 mm, confined to the submucosal layer, with the underlying muscularis propria layer being intact. On the basis of this finding, endoscopic resection was chosen and the tumor was resected using a two-channel endoscope, with prior hypertonic saline and epinephrine injection. The pathologic diagnosis was a cavernous hemangioma of the esophagus.
Holland plans chlamydia screening in 300 000 young people
Authors: Tony Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The Netherlands is set to launch a large scale, systematic pilot programme to screen young people for infection with Chlamydia trachomatis , the country’s commonest sexually transmitted infection.

Early next year 315 000 people aged between 16 and 29 years in three centres—Amsterdam, Rotterdam, and Heerlen (in the south east of the country near Maastrict)—will be invited by post to take part in the programme.

They will then be able to request, from a website, a chlamydia test kit, returning a vaginal swab or a urine sample for testing. Those who the test results indicate may be infected will be treated with antibiotics. All the potential 315 000 …
Tc-99m HMPAO Brain Perfusion SPECT in Acute Aphasia Correlation With Clinical and Structural Findings
Authors: MILOS J. JANICEK, RICHARD B. SCHWARTZ, PAULO A. CARVALHO, BASEM GARADA, B. LEONARD HOLMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Tc-99m hexamethylpropylene amineoxime (HMPAO) brain perfusion SPECT was correlated with CT, MRI, and clinical findings in 17 patients with acute and subacute aphasia to determine its diagnostic potential in the early phases of stroke-associated language dysfunction. SPECT was performed using a dedicated brain imaging system after intravenous injection of 20 mCi (740 MBq) of Tc-99m HMPAO. Transaxial and three-dimensional surface rendered images were evaluated visually, and perfusion defects were correlated with CT, MRI, and a standard battery of clinical tests for aphasia. Clinical examination was insufficient for anatomic localization of aphasia in more than 40% of patients. CT exams were normal in 5 patients, although SPECT demonstrated perfusion defects in all 17. Nonfluent aphasia was present in only 6 of 10 patients with perfusion defects in Broca's area and fluent aphasia was present in only 5 of 10 patients with lesions in Wernicke's area. Auditory comprehension defect was associated with perfusion defects in the inferior parietal region in 9 of 12 patients (P = 0.05); reading and writing abnormalities were associated with perfusion defects in the posterior frontal, superior and inferior parietal cortex, and superior temporal gyri, and repetition deficit was associated with defects involving the inferior parietal cortex, the supramarginal and angular gyri, and the ipsilateral thalamus in 8 of 11 patients (P < 0.05). Brain perfusion SPECT should be included in the initial evaluation of aphasic patients, because clinical tests of aphasia and morphological imaging have limited value for accurately determining the extent and location of functional deficits.
Number of unexplained symptoms and diseases is decreasing
Authors: P. Jehenson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—In his editorial Mayou explains that the management of patients with medically unexplained physical symptoms is too often inappropriate, even though effective interventions are available.1 He essentially attributes this to the persistence of the idea of “mind-body dualism” in the medical profession, which neglects important interactions between physiological, psychological, and social factors.

I agree with what he says about this socially and economically important subject, but I would emphasise another …
How do you eat an elephant?
Authors: T. Redmond
Journal: BMJ (1999)

There is little doubt that the hospital was damaged when the Serbs departed, but this was but a last parting shot at an institution that had been run down for years and particularly since 1990. It was about then that Milosovic redeployed Serb staff from Belgrade to replace local ethnic Albanian staff and the slide to the present situation really began.

I was here myself in 1992. All the senior staff whom I met were Serbs and unhappy at their forced exile from Belgrade. They told me that the Albanians had walked out and set up their own parallel medical school. Those Albanian professors are now back, and while some jumped before they were pushed, and others left in protest at the failure of the Serbs to recognise the Albanian language, they certainly describe a grave injustice.

When NATO arrived many Serbs left, but not all, and the hospital still had many Serb staff—particularly doctors. The mass return of Albanian staff …
A phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group, dose-ranging study to investigate the efficacy and safety of 4 dose regimens of oral albaconazole in patients with distal subungual onychomycosis
Authors: Bárður Sigurgeirsson, Koen van Rossem, Steven Malahias, Kerry Raterink
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2013)
Health experts gather to step up fight against malaria
Authors: John Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2005)

More than a thousand health experts are to gather in Yaounde, Cameroon, next month to launch the Roll Back Malaria partnership's latest global strategic plan to drastically scale up malaria control interventions.

One of the meeting's objectives will be to prioritise the implementation strategy in order to “bridge the capacity gap which is undermining current efforts to roll back malaria,” says the partnership.

Among the topics to be discussed are ways of getting technical support for the procurement and supply of insecticide nets and drugs …
Doctor of Primary Medicine
Authors: Wayne P. Chesbro
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  Although much is published on the demise of the general practitioner, he seems to hang on despite dolorous statements to the contrary. In my opinion, he will remain because patients wish the services he can give.  If we continue segmenting medicine, how happy will everyone be with such a system? In these days of inherent rights is it not conceivable that after a few years of experience an allied medical worker would demand the right to practice medicine at Dr. Proger's primary physician level, simply because he deserved the title?
The journal's not for reading.
Authors: D Zuck
Journal: BMJ (1984)

This is the sort of thing that only happens to other people, though a fatalist would say that my name was always on the wrapper. I was returning from an anaesthetists' conference and had stopped to visit a famous ecclesiastical establishment. On leaving, I noticed further down the street a sign Books. To me this is as pheromones are to others, poor souls. I sometimes wonder whether there are such things as bibliomones. So like a guided missile I homed in. In the 50p box outside the shop a copy of the 1896 edition, the 14th, of Kirkes's Handbook of Physiology, edited by Halliburton, held promise. I already had Kirkes's own third edition of 1856, the physiology contemporary with John Snow. To my inquiry for medical or scientific books I was directed through an archway into the back part of the shop.
Linking Molecules to Mood: New Insight Into the Biology of Depression
Authors: Vaishnav Krishnan, Eric J. Nestler
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2010)

Major depressive disorder is a heritable psychiatric syndrome that appears to be associated with subtle cellular and molecular alterations in a complex neural network. The affected brain regions display dynamic neuroplastic adaptations to endocrine and immunologic stimuli arising from within and outside the CNS. Depression's clinical and etiological heterogeneity adds a third level of complexity, implicating different pathophysiological mechanisms in different patients with the same DSM diagnosis. Current pharmacological antidepressant treatments improve depressive symptoms through complex mechanisms that are themselves incompletely understood. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the neurobiology of depression by combining insights from human clinical studies and molecular explanations from animal models. The authors provide recommendations for future research, with a focus on translating today's discoveries into improved diagnostic tests and treatments.
Positively charged liposome functions as an efficient immunoadjuvant in inducing cell-mediated immune response to soluble proteins
Authors: Tsuyoshi Nakanishi, Jun Kunisawa, Akira Hayashi, Yasuo Tsutsumi, Kazuyoshi Kubo, Shinsaku Nakagawa, Mahito Nakanishi, Keiichi Tanaka, Tadanori Mayumi
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1999)
Laboratory and Epidemiologic Evaluation of an Enzyme Immunoassay for Antibodies to HTLV-III
Authors: John W. Ward
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) were rapidly adopted for screening donated blood and plasma. To evaluate the significance of a positive EIA reaction, test performance was examined in a blood bank screening program. Specimens were tested by EIA, Western blot assay, and HTLV-III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) culture. The EIA was positive in 0.25% of 67 190 blood donations. Specimens were categorized and 57.3% had low (weak) reactivity, 12.7% had moderate reactivity, and 30.0% had high reactivity. Highly reactive specimens were strongly associated with a positive Western blot or culture (86.7%) in contrast to moderately and weakly reactive specimens (1.9%). Twenty-five of 29 donors interviewed with a highly reactive EIA had risk factors for HTLV-III/LAV infection. Risk factors were not identified for 74 of 75 interviewed donors with specimens of lower reactivity. The minimum calculated specificity was 99.82%. The use of the HTLV-III EIA has virtually eliminated the use of blood and plasma from HTLV-III/LAV infected donors.
High intensity, low frequency catheter-delivered ultrasound dissolution of occlusive coronary artery thrombi: An in vitro and in vivo study
Authors: Wolfgang Steffen, Michael C. Fishbein, Huai Luo, Du-Yi Lee, Henry Nitams, David C. Cumberland, Steven W. Tabak, Michelle Carbonne, Gerald Maurer, Robert J. Siegel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
Role of Professional Organizations in Regulating Physician Expert Witness Testimony
Authors: Aaron S. Kesselheim, David M. Studdert
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS HORSE SERUM FRACTIONS IN PRODUCING CARDIOVASCULAR AND RENAL LESIONS IN RABBITS
Authors: Robert W. Wissler, Katharine Smull, James B. Lesh
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1949)

Five groups of 10 rabbits each were injected intravenously 2 times at 15 day intervals with either whole horse serum or one of its cold alcohol-precipitated fractions. Suitable serological and general observations were made at appropriate intervals before and after each injection. All animals were sacrificed on the 22nd day of the experiment. A study of the antemortem and pathological findings led to the following conclusions. 1. Allergie arteritis, valvulitis, and to a lesser degree, focal pericarditis, Aschoff-like nodules, and glomerulitis can be produced by several of the cold alcohol-precipitated fractions of horse serum as well as by whole serum. 2. Most of the acute arteritis was seen in rabbits receiving fraction V (albumin). These rabbits showed the largest amounts of circulating antigen, low antibody titers, low tissue sensitivity, and slight elevation in sedimentation rate and temperature. 3. There was a high incidence of chronic arteritis in the rabbits receiving fraction III which is almost devoid of albumin, suggesting that the alpha and beta globulins in addition to albumin may produce arteritis. 4. A state most nearly resembling that of acute rheumatic fever was produced by either fractions III or IV-3,4 (alpha and beta globulins). Pancarditis (pericarditis, Aschoff-like lesions, and valvulitis) was found relatively frequently. Many of the rabbits developed a high sedimentation rate, elevated temperature, and high tissue sensitivity, but little acute arteritis was found in this group. 5. Gamma globulin (fraction II) produced little reaction either in the antemortem determinations or histopathologically. 6. Glomerulitis of an acute necrotizing type was seen in a few rabbits without particular correlation to the fraction injected. 7. The frequency of involvement of heart valves in rabbit serum disease follows a pattern very similar to that of rheumatic heart disesae. 8. Attempts to correlate antemortem observations and pathological findings either on a group basis or for individual animals failed.
Analysis of the stimulation-inhibition paradox exhibited by lymphocytes exposed to concanavalin A.
Authors: D A McClain, G M Edelman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

High doses of Concanavalin A (Con A), which normally inhibit T-lymphocyte stimulation as measured by increases in DNA synthesis, cause these lymphocytes to become committed to mitogenesis while also generating a dominant but reversible negative growth signal. The observed response to the stimulatory signal as measured by the rate of commitment to enter the S phase (i.e., the rate at which the stimulation becomes lectin independent) increases with lectin concentration even in the inhibitory range. The generation of this positive signal is prevented by treating the cells with colchicine. Cells that have become committed but are also simultaneously blocked from entering the S phase by the high doses of Con A can begin synthesizing DNA if the lectin is released by adding a competitive inhibitor of binding. Experiments done in agarose cultures in which lymphocytes are kept from contact with each other suggest that the reversible inhibitory signal is mediated by structures in the individual cells rather than as a result of agglutination. Continuously dividing cells of the lymphoid line P388 are also individually and reversibly inhibited by Con A. These findings are considered in terms of the relation of the inhibitory signal to the microtubular components of cell surface modulating assemblies made up of submembranous arrays of microtubules, microfilaments, and associated proteins.
NSAIDs during pregnancy and risk of miscarriage: Authors' reply
Authors: D.-K. Li
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Although exposure to magnetic fields during pregnancy was associated with miscarriage,1 it was not associated with use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Therefore it was not a confounder, and adjustment for exposure to magnetic fields did not make any difference to the association between NSAID use and miscarriage. With regard to interviews after miscarriage, please refer to our previous response on bmj.com.2 The bottom line was: had we included only women who were interviewed before …
A review of ten years experience of ICSI
Authors: P. Devroey
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2004)

This review summarizes the introduction of ICSI in the early 1990s as an assisted fertilization procedure in couples with severe male factor infertility, who could not be helped by conventional IVF. As for current practice, the indications for ICSI using fresh or frozen–thawed ejaculated, epididymal or testicular sperm are reviewed as well as some reports on the use of ICSI in non‐male infertility. The main steps in an ICSI cycle are well standardized by now; it is rare that ICSI cannot be carried out and the results in terms of fertilization, embryo transfer and clinical pregnancy rate have been consistent for many years, indicating that a substantial number of couples can now have their own genetic child instead of having to use artificial insemination with donor sperm. This review also emphasizes the importance of assessing the risk of ICSI for the children: there is a slight increase in de novo chromosomal abnormalities, the major congenital malformation rate is similar for IVF and ICSI (between 3 and 4%), and at ∼2 years of age the developmental outcome as assessed by the Bayley scale is similar for IVF and ICSI. Recent publications mention that a few children are affected by diseases caused by imprinting disorders. Future studies are needed to assess the association between assisted reproductive technologies and imprinting disorders. ICSI is frequently used in couples undergoing preimplantation genetic diagnosis. PGD stricto sensu as well as PGD for aneuploidy screening and for Klinefelter patients are reviewed using the ESHRE PGD Consortium data.
Outbreak of Jaundice with Nervous Signs
Authors: E. A. J. Byrne, G. F. Taylor
Journal: BMJ (1945)

LUNGS MEDBRITISRNAL three gave unilateral shadows, the remaining two being radiologically negative.It seems reasonable to assume that, whatever the effect on the lungs, pain and tenderness of the chest muscles should occur.on the side facing the explosion; but in two of the five cases (Nos. 4and 11) pain with or with-OLit tenderness was experienced on the side opposite to that described as facing the explosion.The remaining three cases had pain on the exposed side, the following case presenting the anomaly of muscle tenderness limited to the arm and chest facing the detonat:on, with fluid appearing in the opposite inter- lobar fissure.Case 10 This patient was injured on Aug. 8, 1944, by a hand-grenade which sLruck his left shoulder and exploded on or close to him.He was unconscious for a short time.On coming round he noticed sore- ness of the left chest and shoulder, and was coughing bloody sputum.On examination there was obvious dyspnoea, with generalized rhonchi in both lungs.Chest, radiologically clear.Aug. 9.-Still coughing blood-stained sputum.Aug. 11.-Cough and haemoptysis.Pain in left chest and arm.Radiographs gave an appearance of a small effusion in the right middle fissure.Aug. 12.-No change radiologically.Aug. 15.-Some pain in left chest on breathing.Occasional cough; mucoid sputum; no haemoptysis.Examination disclosed tenderness in the left pectoralis major and shoulder-girdle muscles.No abnormal signs in lungs.Radiographs revealed only a small amount of fluid in the right middle fissure.