tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Prophylaxis of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
Authors: Nina Singh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 November 1995Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Prophylaxis of Spontaneous Bacterial PeritonitisNina Singh, MD and Victor L. Yu, MDNina Singh, MDVeterans Affairs Medical Center; Pittsburgh, PA 15240Search for more papers by this author and Victor L. Yu, MDVeterans Affairs Medical Center; Pittsburgh, PA 15240Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-10-199511150-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Nishioka states that three episodes of peritonitis in the control group could not have been prevented by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. This is incorrect. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is active against Klebsiella pneumoniae with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 3.1 µg/mL [1]. The isolate in the control patient with K. pneumoniae bacteremia was sensitive to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, as are 83% of the K. pneumoniae isolates in our institution. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole also has in vitro activity against enterococci [2]; however, the activity of the drug is inconsistent, and this agent cannot be recommended for treating serious enterococcal infections.A history of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis ...References1. Zinner SH, Mayer KH. Sulfonamides and trimethoprim. In: Mandell GL, Douglas RG, Bennett JE. Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1995:354-64. Google Scholar2. Crider SR, Colby SD. Susceptibility of enterococci to trimethoprim and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1985; 27:71-5. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Nina Singh, MD; Victor L. Yu, MDAffiliations: Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Pittsburgh, PA 15240 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 November 1995Volume 123, Issue 10Page: 810KeywordsBacteremiaDrugsEnterococcus infectionsKlebsiella pneumoniaeMedical risk factorsMinimum inhibitory concentrationPeritonitisPneumoniaProphylaxisSpontaneous bacterial peritonitis ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 November 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Exaggerated Left Ventricular Dilation and Reduced Collagen Deposition After Myocardial Infarction in Mice Lacking Osteopontin
Authors: Nathan A. Trueblood, Zhonglin Xie, Catherine Communal, Flora Sam, Soeun Ngoy, Lucy Liaw, Alan W. Jenkins, Jing Wang, Douglas B. Sawyer, Oscar H. L. Bing, Carl S. Apstein, Wilson S. Colucci, Krishna Singh
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Abstract —Osteopontin (OPN), an extracellular matrix protein, is expressed in the myocardium with hypertrophy and failure. We tested the hypothesis that OPN plays a role in left ventricular (LV) remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). Accordingly, OPN expression and LV structural and functional remodeling were determined in wild-type (WT) and OPN knockout (KO) mice 4 weeks after MI. Northern analysis showed increased OPN expression in the infarcted region, peaking 3 days after MI and gradually decreasing over the next 28 days. In the remote LV, OPN expression was biphasic, with peaks at 3 and 28 days. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analyses showed increased OPN mRNA and protein primarily in the interstitium. Infarct size, heart weight, and survival were similar in KO and WT mice after MI ( P =NS), whereas the lung wet weight/dry weight ratio was increased in the KO mice ( P &lt;0.005 versus sham-operated mice). Peak LV developed pressure was reduced to a similar degree after MI in the KO and WT mice. The number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL)-positive myocytes was similar in KO and WT mice after MI. In contrast, post-MI LV chamber dilation was approximately twice as great in KO versus WT mice ( P &lt;0.001). Myocyte length increased after MI in WT mice ( P &lt;0.001) but not in KO mice. Electron microscopy showed increased collagen content in WT mice after MI but not in KO mice after MI. Type I collagen content was increased ≈3-fold and ≈7-fold in remote and infarcted regions, respectively, of WT hearts after MI but not in KO hearts ( P &lt;0.01 versus WT hearts). Likewise, Northern analyses showed increased collagen I(α 1 ) mRNA after MI in remote regions of WT hearts but not in KO hearts. Thus, increased OPN expression plays an important role in regulating post-MI LV remodeling, at least in part, by promoting collagen synthesis and accumulation.
Fatal bronchospasm after topical lignocaine before bronchoscopy
Authors: D B Scott
Journal: BMJ (1987)

returning to paid work was a function of prior level of mental ill health.Fourthly, other research in this unit shows that in areas of higher unemployment compared with those of lower unemployment unemployed people report feeling less stigmatised by the lack of a job, having more social contact with other unemployed people, and feeling less under pressure from other people to get a job.Differential selection of unfit people in different areas is therefore unlikely to account for our findings.
Bowel Visualization as a Sign of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage on Radionuclide Cisternography
Authors: İlknur Ak, İnci Uslu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

We report a case of massive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage imaged by radionuclide cisternography. A 27-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with a 3-month history of clear fluid drainage from his right nostril. There was no history of previous trauma or surgery to the head. Radionuclide cisternography with Tc-99m DTPA was performed to assess the CSF leakage. In addition to the activity in the right nasal cavity, posterior imaging of the abdomen showed sequestered activity along the spinal cord and throughout the colon at 6 hours. The well-delineated colonic activity from swallowing the labeled CSF because of the presence of rhinorrhea was prominent at 24 hours.
A New Focus on Myopia
Authors: Thomas T. Norton
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In this issue ofTHE JOURNAL, Zadnik et al<sup>1</sup>report results from an ongoing longitudinal study of children in Orinda, Calif, on the important topic of how children's eyes become myopic. The need for basic studies like this one has become increasingly clear in the past decade. Despite the high incidence of myopia in the United States (25% of adults<sup>2</sup>), the higher and apparently increasing incidence in the Far East (upward of 70% of schoolchildren in Taiwan<sup>3</sup>), and the increased risk for loss of vision in myopic patients,<sup>4</sup>there have been only limited data on normal human ocular development in children aged 8 to 14 years (the ages when most myopia is first detected). The most recent edition of<i>Vision Research</i>—<i>A National Plan</i>,<sup>5</sup>published by the National Eye Institute, calls for increasing the base of information in this area, and this study begins
Alan H Roscoe
Authors: M. Roscoe
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Alan Harwood Roscoe spent his childhood in Middleton, north Manchester. In 1943, aged 17, he joined the Royal Air Force, serving as a navigator on the de Havilland Mosquito aircraft for the last years of the second world war, after which he was involved in aerial reconnaissance over Germany.

In 1947 he left the RAF to study medicine at Manchester University, and …
Evaluation of Endoscopic Sphincterotomy in Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction
Authors: G. M. Fullarton, W. R. Murray
Journal: Endoscopy (1992)

In this prospective study the efficacy of endoscopic sphincterotomy was evaluated in ten post-cholecystectomy patients with clinical and biliary manometric evidence of SO dysfunction. Ten patients (8 females, 2 males, median age 59 years) were assessed at a median period of 24 months (range 12-48) after endoscopic sphincterotomy. Eight of the ten patients (80%) were symptomatically improved after endoscopic sphincterotomy although only four were totally asymptomatic. The two patients who had unchanged symptoms after sphincterotomy have since had alternative diagnoses made and have improved on appropriate therapy. It is concluded that endoscopic sphincterotomy is effective in relieving symptoms in post-cholecystectomy patients with clinical and manometric evidence of SO dysfunction.
A Clinical Algorithm to Determine the Etiology of Brittle Diabetes
Authors: David S Schade, R Philip Eaton, Denise A Drumm, William C Duckworth
Journal: Diabetes Care (1985)

Brittle diabetes is a subset of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus for which multiple causes have been suggested. In its most severe form, brittle diabetes is incapacitating, preventing gainful employment and a normal lifestyle. Although some brittle diabetic individuals will significantly improve by intensive insulin therapy and education, many others remain unable to function normally because of recurrent episodes of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. We studied 30 incapacitated brittle diabetic subjects and developed an efficient algorithmic approach to determine the etiology of brittleness. Central to our diagnostic algorithm was the glucose response to 0.1 U/kg insulin administered subcutaneously and intravenously. If this response was normal, then psychosocial evaluations were completed, including psycholinguistic and health psychological testing. Other parameters affecting blood glucose concentration were also assessed, such as gastric motility, counterregulatory hormones, and, most important, patient compliance with prescribed regimens. However, if an “abnormal” glucose response to the insulin challenge tests was observed, the location of the insulin resistance was identified as being subcutaneous, intravascular, or at the peripheral tissue. Using our diagnostic algorithm, the identification of the etiology of brittleness in 29 of the 30 referred patients was possible. Thus, the purpose of an algorithmic approach to diagnosis is not only to avoid unnecessary testing, but also to determine the correct etiology of the brittle diabetes to determine appropriate therapy.
RELATIONSHIP OF EPICARDIAL ADIPOSE TISSUE TO PLAQUE VULNERABILITY; THE STUDY COMBINED ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY AND VIRTUAL HISTOLOGY INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND
Authors: Jin-Sun Park, So-Yeon Choi, Mingri Zheng, Yun-Suk Park, Eun-Ah Choi, Hyoung-Hwa Han, Hong-Seok Lim, Byoung-Joo Choi, Myeong-Ho Yoon, Gyo-Seung Hwang, Seung-Jea Tahk, Joon-Han Shin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Undifferentiated Sarcoma
Authors: Peter R. Jochimsen
Journal: JAMA (1977)

SARCOMAS of the chest wall appearing after postoperative radiation therapy for breast carcinoma have recently been reviewed by Travis et al.<sup>1</sup>Less well documented are instances of such tumors developing in persons receiving nodal and mediastinal irradiation for Hodgkin's disease. We report such an occurrence. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 42-year-old woman, in 1969, had a history of fever, pruritis, and enlarged cervical lymph nodes, which were diagnosed by node biopsy as having nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease. Chest roentgenograms demonstrated a widened mediastinum and a large mediastinal mass consistent with Hodgkin's involvement. A lymphangiogram showed right periaortic nodes to be abnormal. Between March 11 and April 4, 1969, the patient was treated with a cobaltous chloride Co 60 mantle and received 3,550 R at the sternal notch, and 3,340 R at the xiphoid process. During this initial therapy, her systemic symptoms cleared and the mediastinal mass regressed to the
Lethal hepatic apoptosis mediated by tumor necrosis factor receptor, unlike Fas-mediated apoptosis, requires hepatocyte sensitization in mice
Authors: Masahito Nagaki, Akihiko Sugiyama, Yosuke Osawa, Takafumi Naiki, Shigeru Nakashima, Yoshinori Nozawa, Hisataka Moriwaki
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1999)
Acute myocardial infarction in toxic cardiomyopathy without coronary obstruction.
Authors: T J Regan, C F Wu, A B Weisse, C B Moschos, S S Ahmed, M M Lyons
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Confluent left ventricular scar without significant coronary obstruction has been found in alcoholic subjects at autopsy. To evaluate the pathogenesis, 12 patients with chronic alcoholism and severe precordial pain persisting 4-24 hours were observed clinically. Cardiac isoenzymes of lactic dehydrogenase rose in serum. ST segment was elevated in anterior or posterior ECG leads, and abnormal Q waves appeared. Hypertnesion and hypercholesterolemia were present in two (group B) but not in the ten (group A). The latter exhibited no significant obstructive disease, based on coronary angiography in seven survivors and postmortem examination of the remaining three. Clinical evidence, as well as the quantitative assessment of platelets, made arterial thromboembolism an unlikely cause for the symptoms. Neither hemotologic or systemic disease affecting myocardium was present. The morphology of the left ventricle in three autopsies was compared with that of patients with alcoholism who had no cardiac disease, cardiomyopathy, or an asymptomatic scar. All had accumulation of Alcian positive glycoprotein in the interstitium. The patients with cardiac disease also had interstitial fibrosis which was characterized, particularly in the acute infarction group, by concentric periarterial fibrosis. Restriction of coronary vasodilation by this process during periods of high blood flow requirements was postulated as a basis for infarction.
Classification of Diabetic Foot Wounds
Authors: Marvin E Levin
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

Classification of Diabetic Foot WoundsE pidemiological studies have shown that a foot ulcer precedes and is responsible for ~85% of all lowerextremity amputations in patients with diabetes (1,2).The risk factors for ulceration of the foot in patients with diabetes are primarily peripheral neuropathy, foot deformities, high plantar pressures, infection, and previous ulcer.La very et al. ( 3), in a multivariate model, have also demonstrated that poor glucose control, duration of diabetes over 10 years, and male sex are also significant risk factors for foot ulceration.In view of the many factors contributing to foot ulceration, it is important to establish a classification system, which will help health care providers to predict the outcome, healing, or amputation.A number of wound care centers have established their own classification.The classification system that has been used most often and the one with the longest track record is Wagners system (4).However, this classification system is basically anatomical with gradations of superficial ulcer, deep ulcer, abscess osteitis, gangrene of the forefoot, and gangrene of the entire foot.Only grade 3 addresses the problem of infection.Armstrong et al. ( 5) in this issue of Diabetes Care have provided an excellent new grading and staging classification of diabetic foot ulcers (5).I believe this classification will be most helpful for the clini-
Therapy in Childhood Diabetes
Authors: George A. Burghen
Journal: JAMA (1983)

The treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is rapidly changing with the introduction of portable insulin infusion pumps, multiple injections of insulin daily, determination of glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) values, and self-monitoring of blood glucose levels. Although some diabetologists believe that the development of long-term complications of diabetes can be prevented or delayed by normalization of blood glucose levels, others are of the opinion that the relationship of normoglycemia and diabetes complications has not been fully established. To complicate matters, there is controversy among diabetes experts as to whether or not the possible benefits of intensive therapy are worth the added potential risk of hypoglycemia and psychological problems.  Elsewhere in this issue (p 2913), Geffner and colleagues show that children with diabetes are willing to accept modifications in therapy, including changing from one injection to multiple injections of insulin daily, and changing from urine glucose monitoring to blood glucose monitoring. In my
Immunohistochemical localization of V2 vasopressin receptor along the nephron and functional role of luminal V2 receptor in terminal inner medullary collecting ducts.
Authors: H Nonoguchi, A Owada, N Kobayashi, M Takayama, Y Terada, J Koike, K Ujiie, F Marumo, T Sakai, K Tomita
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

We investigated immunohistochemical localization of V2 vasopressin receptor along the nephron using a specific polyclonal antibody. Staining was observed in some of thick ascending limbs and all of principal and inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells. Not only basolateral but also luminal membrane was stained in collecting ducts, especially in terminal IMCD (tIMCD). To learn the functional role of luminal V2 receptor in tIMCD, we studied the luminal effects of arginine vasopressin (AVP) on osmotic water permeability (Pf), urea permeability (Pu), and cAMP accumulation using isolated perfused rat tIMCD. In the absence of bath AVP, luminal AVP caused a small increase in cAMP accumulation, Pf and Pu, confirming the presence of V2 receptor in the lumen of tIMCD. In contrast, luminal AVP inhibited Pf and Pu by 30-65% in the presence of bath AVP by decreasing cAMP accumulation via V1a or oxytocin receptors and by an unknown mechanism via V2 receptors in the luminal membrane of tIMCD. These data show that V2 receptors are localized not only in the basolateral membrane but also in the luminal membrane of the distal nephron. Luminal AVP acts as a negative feedback system upon the basolateral action of AVP in tIMCD.
An antiapoptotic BCL-2 family expression index predicts the response of chronic lymphocytic leukemia to ABT-737
Authors: Sayer Al-harbi, Brian T. Hill, Suparna Mazumder, Kamini Singh, Jennifer DeVecchio, Gaurav Choudhary, Lisa A. Rybicki, Matt Kalaycio, Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski, Janet A. Houghton, Alexandru Almasan
Journal: Blood (2011)
US-Australia trade deal strengthens power of Australian drugs industry
Authors: Bob Burton
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The release of details of the free trade agreement between Australia and the United States has rekindled concern over its impact on Australia's pharmaceutical benefits scheme (PBS) and the country's present ban on advertising drugs directly to consumers.

Speaking at a business conference supporting the agreement, the deputy secretary of the Department of Health and Aging, Philip Davies, insisted that the changes to the scheme were minor. “All the changes in the agreement are essentially process related when it comes to the PBS,” he said.

Under the scheme the government subsidises approved drugs and negotiates discounted prices …
Investigation of patients with genital warts presenting to dermatological and to genito-urinary departments
Authors: D.M. Mitchell, J.K. Kellett, K. Haye
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Although many patients with genital warts attend a genito-urinary clinic, a number are referred by their general practitioners directly to a dermatologist. Studies from genito-urinary clinics have suggested that a high proportion of patients have other genital infections. A recent study has suggested that patients with genital warts referred to dermatologists are similar (Fairris, Statham & Waugh, 1984). Fifty male patients with anogenital warts referred to the Skin Hospital were studied. Details of sexual history, contact with anogenital or other viral warts, and history of previous or concomitant sexually transmitted disease were obtained. Patients were examined for urethral discharge, and for proctitis in the case of perianal warts. Urethral swabs for Gram stain, gonococcal culture and Chlamydia culture were taken from all patients, with rectal swabs for gonococcal culture from patients with perianal warts. Serological tests for syphilis were performed. Clinical evidence of genital infections other than warts was found in only one patient with a urethral discharge, who was found to have gonococcal urethritis. Genital infections were detected in three patients. Urethral swabs from two grew Gonococcus, and from one grew Chlamydia. Of 50 male patients presenting with anogenital warts to the genito-urinary department of the Manchester Royal Infirmary, eight had other genital infections. These included one with gonococcal urethritis, five with non-specific urethritis and two Chlamydia infections. A similar study of female patients is being undertaken and preliminary results suggest a higher rate of genital infections than in men.
TREATMENT OF PELVIC PUS CASES BY ABDOMINAL SECTION—REPORT OF SIXTY-SIX CASES, WITH REMARKS.
Authors: J. WESLEY BOVÈE
Journal: JAMA (1895)

In this resumé of my work in abdominal section for the relief of various suppurating diseases in the female pelvis, whatever I may offer as deductions is given for what it is worth. Previous to 1891 this class of surgery was little known in this city and, I might almost say, not at all practiced. So that four years practically covers the amount of time over which ranges the experience of Washington abdominal surgeons in celiotomy in cases of pelvic pus. A large majority of the series have been operated upon in the presence of quite a large number of medical students and physicians, and have been in the free wards of Columbia and Providence Hospitals. From the nature of the environments of such patients, their general condition is usually very bad. Add to this, the effects of such devitalizing pathologic conditions, as are noted in another part of this
Clinical courses and predictors for rebleeding in patients with peptic ulcers and non-bleeding visible vessels: a prospective study.
Authors: H J Lin, C L Perng, F Y Lee, C H Lee, S D Lee
Journal: Gut (1994)

Detailed characterisation of non-bleeding visible vessels in terms of colour, size evolution, and time of rebleeding is important in determining the natural history of these lesions. The colour and size of non-bleeding visible vessels were observed endoscopically every day for three days and then every other day until rebleeding or flattening of visible vessels occurred in 140 patients. Rebleeding happened in 61 (44%) patients. Of them, 59 (97%) rebled within 72 hours. Flattening of visible vessels happened in 79 (56%) patients and 77 of 79 (98%) had flattening of visible vessels within 72 hours. Rebleeding rate increased with increasing length of exposed vessels (r = 0.96, p < 0.001). Coffee ground fluid or blood retention in the stomach and ulcer size > or = 2.0 cm were independent predictors for rebleeding using multivariate analysis. It is suggested that patients with non-bleeding visible vessels and independent predictors for rebleeding may need early aggressive treatment.
Recovery of avian sarcoma virus from tumors induced by transformation-defective mutants.
Authors: H Hanafusa, C C Halpern, D L Buchhagen, S Kawai
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

Transformation-defective (td) mutants of the Schmidt-Ruppin strain of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), which contains deletions in the gene responsible for transformation (src gene), are unable to transform chicken embryo fibroblasts in vitro. Injection of some of these td mutants into newborn chickens resulted in the formation of sarcomas from which sarcoma virus was unfailingly recovered. The possibility that transforming RSV was present in the td virus preparations was excluded by further purification of the td viruses. Morphology of the foci induced by the newly recovered sarcoma virus was distinct from that of foci induced by the parental Schmidt Ruppin strain of RSV. It is suggested that the new sarcoma virus was generated as a result of the genetic interaction between the genomes of td virus and chicken cells.