tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TUMORS INVOLVING THE CAUDA EQUINAWITH REPORT OF CASE.
Authors: GEORGE GILBERT DAVIS
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Tumors involving the cauda equina or causing symptoms by pressing on the cauda may have their origin either within the contents of the meninges, i. e., in the nerve trunks of the cauda or in the meninges themselves, or in the structures outside of the dural sheath, especially in the vertebral column. Tumors having their origin within the cauda itself are not numerous. In a case reported by Volhard,<sup>1</sup>with typical symptoms, a diagnosis of neoplasm of the cauda equina was made and operation decided on, but the patient came to autopsy before it could be performed. A glioma was found close below the conus medullaris, compressing the roots of the cauda against the lumbar vertebræ. A second case was reported from the service of Dejérine<sup>2</sup>at the Saltpetriére in 1895, and presented the symptoms of compression of the cauda equina. Operation was attempted by Chipault, but was unsuccessful, and
Increased airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine in a rat model of chronic bronchitis.
Authors: S Shore, L Kobzik, N C Long, W Skornik, C J Van Staden, L Boulet, I W Rodger, D J Pon
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Chronic exposure of rats to high concentrations of SO2 gas causes pathologic changes in airway similar to those seen in human chronic bronchitis. The purpose of this study was to examine the pulmonary mechanical correlates of these changes and to quantify the extent of mucous hypersecretion by measuring changes in mucous glycoproteins. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 250 ppm SO2 gas, 5 h/d, 5 d/wk, for a period of 4 wk. Control rats were exposed to air only. On the day after the last SO2 exposure, rats were anesthetized, instrumented for the measurement of pulmonary resistance (RL) and dynamic compliance (Cdyn), and ventilated. Chronic SO2 exposure caused a small but significant increase in RL and decrease in Cdyn. Airway responsiveness to inhaled aerosolized methacholine was increased in SO2-exposed rats, as indicated by approximately 6.6- and 4.6-fold decreases respectively, in the doses of inhaled methacholine required to double RL or decrease Cdyn to 50% of baseline. SO2 exposure had no effect on the contractile response of the trachea measured in vitro. Tracheae and lungs from SO2-exposed animals exhibited 140 and 535% increases in measured neutral mucous glycoproteins, respectively, and 33 and 37% increases in acid glycoproteins. Our results indicate that this animal model of chronic bronchitis mimics the mucous hypersecretion, airway obstruction, and increased airway responsiveness observed in human bronchitis and may allow us to begin to probe their mechanistic basis.
Protecting children in cars from tobacco smoke
Authors: A. Bauman, X C Chen, S. Chapman
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--There is considerable evidence that exposure of children to environmental tobacco smoke is associated with an increase in morbidity in those with pre-existing asthma and an increase in the number of new cases of asthma.1 2 In Australia, accreditation standards for child care now require that day care centres be smoke free,3 and nearly one in four smokers report voluntarily smoking only outdoors at home.4

While the state regulates many aspects of the …
Radiology of Asbestos Disease
Authors: Lawrence R. Goodman
Journal: JAMA (1983)

ALTHOUGH the hazards of asbestos exposure were first reported in the early 1900s, the full extent of its effects is still being evaluated. Persons with occupational exposure to asbestos have a higher incidence of pulmonary fibrosis (asbestosis), various pleural disorders (plaque, thickening, and effusion), and neoplasms (lung, pleura, and gastrointestinal). In recent years, attention has turned to asbestos as an environmental pollutant. Household contacts of asbestos workers, persons living near asbestos plants, and urban dwellers frequently have asbestos fibers in the lungs at autopsy. The chest roentgenogram often offers the first evidence of asbestos exposure, because a history of asbestos exposure is difficult to obtain or is not sought. Therefore, it is important for both the radiologist and clinician to understand both the radiological findings of asbestos exposure and the significance of each change. The final diagnosis of asbestosis (pulmonary fibrosis) rests on a combination of pulmonary lesions on the
Concurrent Infection with<i>Histoplasma capsulatum</i>and<i>Blastomyces dermatitidis</i>
Authors: J. W. Brandsberg, F. E. Tosh, M. L. Furcolow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

DESPITE an increasing volume of literature concerning systemic mycotic infections caused by Histoplasma capsulatum and Blastomyces dermatitidis only 3 cases of dual infection have been reported in recent years.1 2 3 Two of these cases were in human beings, and 1 in a dog. Culture results of specimens from large numbers of patients suspected of having mycotic pulmonary disease indicate that dual infections may be far more prevalent than is generally recognized. Although these patients respond to the same treatment as those with single infections2 there is a definite problem in the identification of the two fungi when they are cultured together . . .
THREE NEW PROCTOLOGIC INSTRUMENTS
Authors: Dudley Smith
Journal: JAMA (1930)

When the electrocautery is used through a proctoscope the field is quickly obscured by smoke. The suction electrocautery shown in figure 1 was devised by me to overcome this difficulty. A tube runs down the shaft of the cautery to the distal end. To the proximal end of the tube is attached a rubber tube running to a suction apparatus, and the smoke is sucked out as rapidly as it forms, insuring a clear view of the field at all times. I use Gray's universal suction pump on the water faucet and find it entirely satisfactory, but any suction apparatus can be used. I have found this cautery useful in removing rectal and sigmoidal polyps. Beginning adenocarcinomatous change is so frequent even in small polyps that I believe they should be removed with the actual cautery, or if removed by a snare the base of the pedicle should be destroyed
There's slow release and slow release.
Authors: H Bechgaard, G H Nielsen
Journal: BMJ (1976)

lowest saralasin infusion rate.At the higher in- fusion rates blood pressure decreased continuously to a minimum of 75/55 mm Hg at the end of the infusion period.At that moment the patient felt seriously ill, had a pale complexion, and vomited several times.After the infusion was stopped the blood pressure reached its preinfusion level within 30 min.Plasma renin activity (PRA) was measured at the beginning and the end of each infusion (see table ).PRA (,ug'l 3 h) BeforeAfter saralasin saralasinModerate sodium intake 10 6 3 After six days' chlorthalidone 100 mg, day 40 > 125The findings in this patient show firstly that saralasin infusion may lead to a potentially hazardous initial rise in blood pressure when PRA is low, as has been demonstrated by others,2 and secondly that saralasin infused after severe sodium depletion with chlor- thiazide diuretics and vigorously stimulated PRA may cause severe hypotension even at low-dose infusion rates.
Rheumatologists feel devalued by NHS changes
Authors: Lisa Hitchen
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Rheumatologists should be trained to deal with threats to their work arising from changes to the NHS, delegates at a conference in London heard last week. Changes that delegates found worrying included the setting up of independent treatment centres, the diversion of money from secondary to primary care, and the intensification of work arising from the “choose and book” computer system being introduced to GPs' surgeries.

The changes continued to “deprofessionalise and depersonalise” their roles, one specialist said. “Clinicians in secondary care are being intimidated. We are being deprofessionalised and depersonalised. A lot of people are finding that they are under pressure, their services are being threatened, and they are being told there is nothing they can do,” said Andrew Bamji, the president elect of the British Society …
Single-thread multishooter ligator system shooting at the 7 o’clock position: an ideal band ligator
Authors: S. Nijhawan, P. Jain, D. Singla, P. Mallikarjun, V. Singh
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

There are several ligators available for endoscopic variceal ligation. The Stiegmann-Goff ligator works by pulling a string to deploy the band [1], but requires an overtube for multiple ligations. Saeed’s multishooter has the advantage of single insertion, pulling a single band at a time and is able to shoot six bands [2]. Most multishooters use a double thread, however, which hampers the endoscopic view. Our single-thread system has the disadvantage of having the thread in the endoscopic view in 50 % of ligation procedures [3]. We investigated the use of a single-thread ligator shooting at the 7-o’clock position and compared its efficacy with a single thread ligator shooting at any position.
A Comparative Study of Dexchlorpheniramine Maleate Sustained Release Tablets and Budesonide Nasal Spray in Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: E. P. Munch, M. Søborg, T. T. Nørreslet, N. Mygind
Journal: Allergy (1983)

It was the aim of the study to compare the efficacy and side effects of oral antihistamine and nasal glucocorticoid therapy in seasonal allergic rhinitis. In a double‐blind, double‐dummy, group‐comparative study, 61 adult grass pollen allergic patients were either treated with dexchlorpheniramine maleate sustained release tablets (6 mg b.d.). or with budesonide nasal spray (200 μg b.d.). After a 1‐week run‐in period, treatment was given for 3 weeks in the grass pollen season. Patients treated with budesonide showed significantly less nasal blockage than those who received dexchlorpheniramine (P&lt;0.05), but there was no difference in the number of sneezes and nose blowings. Patients treated with budesonide used a larger quantity of antihistamine‐vasoconstrictor eye drops (P&lt;0.01). Drowsiness occured in the group that was treated with dexchlorpheniramine, but mainly during the first week of treatment. The side effects caused by the budesonide spray were few and insignificant. The patients' overall assessment of the treatment favoured the glucocorticoid spray (P=0.06).
STREPTOCOCCIC INFECTION SIMULATING RINGWORM OF THE HANDS AND FEET
Authors: JAMES H. MITCHELL
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Prior to the appearance of our paper<sup>1</sup>on ringworm of the hands and feet, the acrodermatoses were usually diagnosed in this country as eczema or dysidrosis. Subsequently, as a result of that paper and of the innumerable papers that have appeared in the medical and lay press since then, physicians and laymen alike have become so ringworm conscious that practically all dermatoses of the extremities are classed as mycotic. So sure are the medical men of their diagnoses that neither a microscopic examination nor a culture is considered necessary to establish the diagnosis. Widespread areas of dermatitis of external origin are likewise considered to be mycotic and are treated as such, with resultant irritation and continuation of the dermatitis. In 1928 I<sup>2</sup>called attention to the necessity of differentiation of mycotic from nonmycotic lesions. A series of cases was reported presenting lesions that suggested, in appearance, the epidermophytoses.
Resistance to good sense
Authors: Theodore Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2007)

When I was young I thought that people always acted in their own best interests (it didn't occur to me to examine my own behaviour in this respect to see whether it was true). Tell them what was good for them, and they would do it. When they didn't do it I assumed they were deaf and hadn't heard properly; I repeated myself, only a little louder and more emphatically.

Dostoyevsky was under no such misapprehension about his fellow beings. The anonymous narrator of his Notes from the Underground starts by telling us that he is sick, although he does not know from what illness. He has the greatest respect for the medical profession, he says (adding that …
Clicking Sounds Owing to Temporomandibular Joint Injury-Reply
Authors: Byron J. Bailey
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In Reply.—  I am aware of the pathophysiological mechanism that Dr Meyer describes and of the value of the dental splint in correcting this problem when it is painful or persistent. However, I have observed that the majority of patients who have minimal trauma associated with the onset, who are seen early, and who are free of pain enjoy recovery without the expense, loss of time, and inconvenience of this treatment. This includes the original questioner, who was kind enough to write to tell us that he had enjoyed a complete recovery with conservative management.
How Much Do We Care?
Authors: Frances K. Conley
Journal: JAMA (1985)

She could not have been more than 14 years old, sitting there with her family, bored, waiting to get on the airplane. She was very pretty with lightly tanned smooth skin and lank, shiny sun-bleached hair tossed carelessly away from her face. She bent down to the tote bag at her feet, pulled out a pack of cigarettes, took one, lit up, and inhaled deeply, then slowly exhaled. For me, her beauty, innocence, freshness, and future vanished. Watching her from behind my magazine, I thought of the patients I had cared for in the past few months. I had noticed a recent, remarkable increase in the number of individuals whose medical conditions were attributable to a lifetime of tobacco use. A month ago five of the 20 patients on my service had lung cancer that had spread to the brain or had invaded the vertebral column. The rapid, relentless growth
Normal Infant Delivered of Woman With Cushing Syndrome
Authors: Eleftherios S. Anevlavis
Journal: JAMA (1976)

PREGNANCY in women with Cushing syndrome occurs rarely, and when it does, fetal mortality and morbidity are very high.<sup>1-3</sup>When the mother has an adrenal adenoma, the prognosis appears to be worse. To the best of our knowledge, only one term-infant has been delivered after surgical extirpation of the adenoma during pregnancy.<sup>2</sup>Our patient, however, was delivered of a normal infant while the adenoma was still in situ. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 26-year-old pregnant woman was referred because of prominent plethora and unresolving striae for six months. Purplish striae of the abdomen, thighs, and buttocks appeared in the first trimester and, progressively, redness and puffiness of her face, with minimal hypertrichosis of her chin and upper lip. Menstrual history was normal. Administration of birth control medication had been discontinued four months before conception. Family history was negative for endocrine disease. Her symptoms worsened during the second
A Current Perspective of Suicide and Attempted Suicide
Authors: J. John Mann
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Suicide and suicide attempts are a major cause of death and morbidity worldwide. Suicide is generally a complication of a psychiatric disorder, but it requires additional risk factors because most psychiatric patients never attempt suicide. This review includes a hypothesized stress-diathesis model, which has implications for detection of high-risk patients and treatment interventions, and discusses promising treatment approaches that have been recently identified.
Compulsive doing: sport in childhood
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is increasingly used to map the spread of bacterial and viral pathogens in nosocomial settings. A limiting factor for more widespread adoption of WGS for hospital infection prevention practices is the availability of standardized tools for genomic epidemiology. Here we present the Pathogen Sequencing Phylogenomic Outbreak Toolkit (PathoSPOT), which automates integration of genomic and medical record data for rapid detection and tracing of nosocomial outbreaks. To demonstrate its capabilities we applied PathoSPOT to complete genome surveillance data of 197 MRSA bacteremia cases from two hospitals during a two-year period. PathoSPOT identified 8 clonal clusters encompassing 33 patients (16.8% of cases); none of which had been recognized by standard practices. The largest cluster corresponded to a prolonged outbreak of a hospital-associated MRSA clone among 16 adults, spanning 9 wards over a period of 21 months. Analysis of precise timeline and location data with our toolkit suggested that an initial exposure event in a single ward led to infection and long-term colonization of multiple patients, followed by transmissions to other patients during recurrent hospitalizations. Overall, we demonstrate that PathoSPOT genomic surveillance enables detection of complex transmission chains that are not readily apparent from epidemiological data and that contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality, enabling more effective intervention strategies.
Employing staff on long term contracts is important for RCTs
Authors: M. Stead, S. Mason, T. Shevlin, J. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—Medical professionals and funding agencies do not seem to recognise the importance of a trained, experienced, multidisciplinary team in the setting up and coordination of a multicentre clinical trial.1 They also do not seem to recognise the role that such teams have in maintaining enthusiasm among medical staff throughout the often long periods of recruitment and follow up.

The cost of employing a dedicated trial team is poorly …
Senile Ankylosing Hyperostosis of the Spine
Authors: J. Forestier, J. Rotes-Querol
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1950)

Our attention has been drawn to an ankylosing disease of the spine developing in old people, with a painless onset and clinical, pathological, and radiological features distinguishing it from ankylosing spondylitis.Some descriptions of anatomical specimens in the literature seem similar to those we have found, but no clinical or radiological studies on this subject have been published.Leri (1904) describes pathological changes in the spine of a patient suffering from a condition to which Marie and Astie (1897) gave the rather unsatis- factory name of " heredo-traumatic kyphosis of Bechterew ", and these coincide with our observations; but in Leri's case the patient, an old man, had an angular kyphosis of the Kummel-Verneuil type consequent upon a fall.Meyer and Forster (1938) have described a similar anatomical condition under the name of "moniliform hyperostosis " affecting the right side of the dorsal spine.Oppenheimer (1942) noticed some ossification of vertebral ligaments in old people without involvement of the joint facets.These patients had adequate vertebral mobility and no symptoms.He considered that these features belonged to the type of ossification associated with ankylosing spondylitis.Lacapere (1949) in his study of osteophytosis of the spine in dried bones often mentions outgrowths which he calls " melorheostosis of the spine ", a term that may lead to confusion with the disease described under this name by Leri.The anatomical description given by Lacapere coincides roughly with those of the other writers and also with that here presented.Present Investigations The clinical and radiological study of nine cases, combined with necropsy findings in two specimens, has enabled us to set out some of the clinical, pathological, and radiological features, and to form a picture of a specific condition among the ankylosing diseases of the spine. Clinical ExaminationAge.-The disease has been seen only in persons between 50 and 73 years of age (average 65), an incidence quite different from that of ankylosing spondylitis, which is usually seen in young and middle-aged persons.The age of onset is difficult to fix precisely (except in cases with a clear history of trauma) in view of the insidious evolution of the disease.
A Case of Landry's Paralysis
Authors: S. G. Siddle
Journal: BMJ (1947)

MEDICAL MEMORANDABEInSH and congestion of the eyeball, perception of light was lost.Recur- ring glaucoma with pain led to excision in June, 1942." Histological examination of the excised eyes threw little light upon the aetiology.There was complete detachment of the retina, with gross intraocular haemorrhage, chiefly subretinal.Marked patchy thickenings of the ciliary body and choroid were evident, showing reactionary changes, but there was no certain evidence that vascular thrombosis was the initial factor."
Stem-Cell Tourism Caution
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2008)

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Dislocation of the Knee
Authors: T. Brittain
Journal: BMJ (1843)

3a MIISLLAENBOUS INTBLL}IGNC1t.thick probe, and evidently of old formation.No communication existed between the uterine cavity and that of the abscess.The os and cervix uteri did not present any evidence of malignant disease.The Fallopian tubes and ovaries were adherent to the uterus, and could with difficulty be distinguished.
Botrocetin‐ and polybrene‐induced platelet aggregation in platelet‐type von willebrand disease
Authors: Hoyu Takahashi, Reizo Nagayama, Akira Hattori, Akira Shibata
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract It has been reported that botrocetin, a Bothrops venom factor, induces platelet aggregation dependent on von Willebrand factor (vWF), and that platelet aggregation induced by Polybrene, a synthetic polycation, is enhanced by vWF. This report describes the platelet aggregability on stimulation with botrocetin and Polybrene in four patients with platelet‐type von Willebrand disease (vWD) who showed increased platelet aggregation with low concentrations of ristocetin as the result of a platelet abnormality. Enhanced platelet aggregability with botrocetin was observed in platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) from the patients. Platelet aggregation induced by botrocetin in a mixture of normal washed platelets and patient plasma was either decreased or normal, being dependent on the amount of plasma vWF. In contrast with ristocetin and botrocetin, Polybrene did not cause increased aggregation of patient PRP. Polybrene aggregated normal washed platelets less extensively in the presence of patient plasma than normal plasma. These studies demonstrated that botrocetin induced heightened interaction between platelets and vWF, but Polybrene did not, in platelet‐type vWD, and that the enhanced responsiveness of patient platelets to botrocetin is related to an intrinsic platelet abnormality.