tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Dendritic Cells Accumulate in Human Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Joëlle Marchal-Sommé, Yurdagul Uzunhan, Sylvain Marchand-Adam, Marianne Kambouchner, Dominique Valeyre, Bruno Crestani, Paul Soler
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

There is growing evidence that resident cells, such as fibroblasts and epithelial cells, can drive the persistent accumulation of dendritic cells (DCs) in chronically inflamed tissue, leading to the organization and the maintenance of ectopic lymphoid aggregates. This phenomenon, occurring through a chemokine-mediated retention mechanism, has been documented in various disorders, but not in fibrotic interstitial lung disorders in which the presence of organized lymphoid follicles has been documented.To characterize the distribution of DCs in fibrotic lung, and to analyze the expression of the main chemokines known to regulate DC recruitment.Lung resection tissue (lungs with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; n = 12; lungs with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, n = 5; control lungs, n = 5) was snap-frozen for subsequent immunohistochemical techniques on serial sections and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis.Results were similar in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia lungs, which were heavily infiltrated by immature DCs in established fibrosis and in areas of epithelial hyperplasia. Altered epithelial cells and fibroblasts, particularly in fibroblastic foci, frankly expressed all chemokines (CCL19, CCL20, CCL22, and CXCL12) susceptible to favor the recruitment of immune cells. Lymphoid follicles were infiltrated by maturing DCs, which could originate from the pool of DCs accumulating in their vicinity.These findings suggest that resident cells in pulmonary fibrosis can sustain chronic inflammation by driving the accumulation of DCs with the potential to mature locally within ectopic lymphoid follicles. Future strategies should consider DCs or chemokines as therapeutic targets in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
Platelet Transfusion in Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Janet Abrahm
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent editorial inThe Journal, Dr William Crosby recommended platelet transfusions for those patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) who had substantial bleeding ("wet purpura").<sup>1</sup>A case in which we found an improvement in hemostasis and a conspicuous rise in the platelet count following platelet transfusion prompted us to review the experience at our institution with platelet transfusion in ITP. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 56-year-old woman had a one-week history of unexplained bruising and bleeding gums. She had taken no medications and was otherwise feeling well. Physical examination was noteworthy only for generalized petechiae and ecchymoses and oozing gums. The hematocrit reading was 33% and the WBC count was 6,900/cu mm, with a normal differential cell count and a platelet count of 5,000/cu mm. A bone marrow biopsy specimen demonstrated adequate megakaryocytes without any diagnostic abnormality. Ten minutes after the administration of six
Spermatozoa and Immune Dysregulation in Homosexual Men-Reply
Authors: Giora Mavligit
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Owen and Campbell raise a crucial question in regard to AIDS—"Why now?" Our article clearly indicates that sperm recipiency during anal intercourse is an important but only<i>predisposing</i>etiologic factor in the development of AIDS. Our hypothesis dwells on the primary immune dysregulation induced by the allogeneic sperm that then paves the way for the more morbid infective agent (probably a virus). This secondary event (infection) is, of course, a result of promiscuity and can be considered extremely unlikely in a strictly monogamous setup. The epidemic of AIDS first detected in the summer of 1981 is in our opinion the result of a major behavioral change among homosexuals. This statement is based on information derived from a ten-year study by Masters and Johnson (1968-1977), which was published in their book,<i>Homosexuality in Perspective</i>(Boston, Little Brown &amp; Co, 1979). With the term<i>AIDS</i>not even mentioned in the
Anti-VEGF/VEGFR Therapy for Cancer: Reassessing the Target
Authors: Basel Sitohy, Janice A. Nagy, Harold F. Dvorak
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Judah Folkman recognized that new blood vessel formation is important for tumor growth and proposed antiangiogenesis as a novel approach to cancer therapy. Discovery of vascular permeability factor VEGF-A as the primary tumor angiogenesis factor prompted the development of a number of drugs that targeted it or its receptors. These agents have often been successful in halting tumor angiogenesis and in regressing rapidly growing mouse tumors. However, results in human cancer have been less impressive. A number of reasons have been offered for the lack of greater success, and, here, we call attention to the heterogeneity of the tumor vasculature as an important issue. Human and mouse tumors are supplied by at least 6 well-defined blood vessel types that arise by both angiogenesis and arterio-venogenesis. All 6 types can be generated in mouse tissues by an adenoviral vector expressing VEGF-A164. Once formed, 4 of the 6 types lose their VEGF-A dependency, and so their responsiveness to anti-VEGF/VEGF receptor therapy. If therapies directed against the vasculature are to have a greater impact on human cancer, targets other than VEGF and its receptors will need to be identified on these resistant tumor vessels. Cancer Res; 72(8); 1909–14. ©2012 AACR.
Indirect Assessment of Left Ventricular Performance in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: BERNARD DIAMANT, THOMAS KILLIP, Stuart Seides, Rex Stanbridge
Journal: Circulation (1970)

One hundred patients admitted to a cardiac care unit had indirect serial determinations of left ventricular systolic ejection times. Patients were divided into groups with transmural infarction, nontransmural infarction, and no infarction, according to clinical, biochemical, and electrocardiographic criteria. Total electromechanical systole and left ventricular ejection time were shortened in acute myocardial infarction, whereas the pre-ejection period and its components, the Q-S 1 and isovolumic contraction time intervals, were prolonged. The most abnormal measurements were observed in patients with transmural infarction. Patients with nontransmural infarction demonstrated less severe abnormalities of the systolic ejection times, and the patients without infarction were the least affected. Some of the greatest deviations in the measured intervals were observed in the transmural infarction patients who died. Indirect measurement of left ventricular systolic ejection time is a valuable adjunct in the bedside assessment of left ventricular performance and provides a prognostic index for patients with acute myocardial infarction.
[272] COMPARISON OF C.L.I.P., T.N.M. AND B.C.L.C. STAGING SYSTEMS FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC) IN A COHORT OF PROSPECTIVELY FOLLOWED HCC PATIENTS
Authors: M. De Giorgio, R. Bezzo, U. Govindarajulu, J. Dziura, M.G. Luca, G. Verga, D. Pinelli, M. Colledan, S. Fagiuoli, M. Strazzabosco
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Prevalence of Oral HPV Infection in the United States, 2009-2010
Authors: Maura L. Gillison, Tatevik Broutian, Robert K. L. Pickard, Zhen-yue Tong, Weihong Xiao, Lisa Kahle, Barry I. Graubard, Anil K. Chaturvedi
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the principal cause of a distinct form of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma that is increasing in incidence among men in the United States. However, little is known about the epidemiology of oral HPV infection.To determine the prevalence of oral HPV infection in the United States.A cross-sectional study was conducted as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2010, a statistically representative sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized US population. Men and women aged 14 to 69 years examined at mobile examination centers were eligible. Participants (N = 5579) provided a 30-second oral rinse and gargle with mouthwash. For detection of HPV types, DNA purified from oral exfoliated cells was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction and type-specific hybridization. Demographic and behavioral data were obtained by standardized interview. Statistical analyses used NHANES sample weights to provide weighted prevalence estimates for the US population.Prevalence of oral HPV infection.The prevalence of oral HPV infection among men and women aged 14 to 69 years was 6.9% (95% CI, 5.7%-8.3%) and of HPV type 16 was 1.0% (95% CI, 0.7%-1.3%). Oral HPV infection followed a bimodal pattern with respect to age, with peak prevalence among individuals aged 30 to 34 years (7.3%; 95% CI, 4.6%-11.4%) and 60 to 64 years (11.4%; 95% CI, 8.5%-15.1%). Men had a significantly higher prevalence than women for any oral HPV infection (10.1% [95% CI, 8.3%-12.3%] vs 3.6% [95% CI, 2.6%-5.0%], P < .001; unadjusted prevalence ratio [PR], 2.80 [95% CI, 2.02-3.88]). Infection was less common among those without vs those with a history of any type of sexual contact (0.9% [95% CI, 0.4%-1.8%] vs 7.5% [95% CI, 6.1%-9.1%], P < .001; PR, 8.69 [95% CI, 3.91-19.31]) and increased with number of sexual partners (P < .001 for trend) and cigarettes smoked per day (P < .001 for trend). Associations with age, sex, number of sexual partners, and current number of cigarettes smoked per day were independently associated with oral HPV infection in multivariable models.Among men and women aged 14 to 69 years in the United States, the overall prevalence of oral HPV infection was 6.9%, and the prevalence was higher among men than among women.
Feasibility of duodenal balloon-assisted direct cholangioscopy with an ultrathin upper endoscope
Authors: A. Mori, N. Ohashi, M. Nozaki, A. Yoshida
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

<b>Background and study aims: </b>We have previously developed duodenal balloon-assisted direct cholangioscopy (DBA-DC) with an ultrathin endoscope (UTE). Here, we further evaluated the feasibility, safety, and diagnostic and therapeutic usefulness of DBA-DC using UTE. <b>Patients and methods:</b> 40 consecutive patients with biliary diseases were enrolled in a prospective observational feasibility study. We assessed the success rate, procedure time, durability of the UTE, and usefulness in diagnosis and therapy. We also evaluated safety, including cardiovascular alterations and biliary injury as complications of the procedure. <b>Results: </b>DBA-DC was performed successfully in 37/40 patients (92.5 %). The mean time to reach either biliary bifurcation or stricture was 11.8 ± 6.3 minutes. The procedure revealed 26 biliary stones, 5 cholangiocarcinomas, and 3 benign biliary strictures. Therapeutic procedures were performed in 16 patients (10 biliary lithotomies, 3 holmium-YAG laser lithotripsies, and 3 intraductal stent placements). No significant clinical complications related to DBA-DC were observed. Changes in cardiovascular responses and biliary biochemical parameters were minimal, except for leukocytosis in 8 patients. <b>Conclusions: </b>DBA-DC appears to be sufficiently feasible and may be useful as an alternative technique in cases that elude successful diagnosis and/or therapy with conventional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).
UK government faces court challenge over medical abortion
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The United Kingdom’s largest independent abortion provider is mounting a High Court challenge to make it possible for women to complete early stage abortions at home.

BPAS, formerly known as the British Pregnancy Advisory Service, is asking the court to rule that the 1967 Abortion Act allows women to take the second dose of tablets for an early medical abortion at home.

The act says that any treatment for the termination of pregnancy has to be carried out at a hospital or clinic. Early medical abortion, available in the first nine weeks of …
Guarding the Integrity of Medical Ethics
Authors: Edmund D. Pellegrino
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Now that the Soviet regime is defunct, the record of the depredation it visited on its own people is becoming better known. A plethora of evidence now documents the devastations of the public's health and environment, which Russians inherited from their many years of communist rule.<sup>1,2</sup>The Letter From Saratov in this issue of<i>JAMA</i><sup>3</sup>not only confirms that devastation, but also points to something equally disturbing—the consequences of the subversion of medical ethics to the ideology of the Marxist-Stalinist state. See also p 1569. Two important lessons can be learned from this depressing story. First, corruption inevitably afflicts any health care system not designed with care of the patient as its primary driving force. Second, medical ethics must maintain independence from political exigency. These lessons are closely linked; indeed, a morally responsive profession might have prevented or ameliorated some of the disastrous consequences of the ideologically and
Clinical Application of Antibiotics. Vol. II: Streptomycin and Other Antibiotics Active Against Tuberculosis
Authors: Paul A. Bunn
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Dr. Florey has undertaken a tremendous task in compiling this second volume in his series in the clinical application of antibiotics. He divides the book into 3 major sections. The first section (Chapters 1-3) deals with the use of streptomycin in human ( nontuberculous ) infections. It includes an excellent summary of its pharmacologic properties. Conclusions at the end of this section are terse and clear. The section is superbly written and the author's own important personal opinions and conclusions are well documented. It is the most valuable portion of the volume, and every student and physician should have the kind of knowledge which it includes. The second section (Chapters 4-7) is concerned with the use of streptomycin as treatment for tuberculosis in all body systems. As evidenced by the bibliography, most of the information reviewed apparently was written before 1955. Present-day recommendations about drug therapy for the disease are not clearly
Candida albicans: Saprophyte or Pathogen?
Authors: Philip J. Kozinn
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Isolation of<i>Candida albicans</i>from a patient's stools, sputum, or urine tends to obfuscate rather than clarify the diagnosis. The clinician's uncertainty as to the significance of<i>Candida</i>or ganisms cultured from skin lesions or from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and other internal foci has all too often delayed or prevented administration of specific therapy. Much of the confusion concerning the diagnostic interpretation of<i>C albicans</i>isolated from clinical specimens stems from faulty concepts as to the saprophytic occurrence of the organism. Despite ample evidence to the contrary,<sup>1</sup>many textbooks and articles still perpetuate the thoughtless statement that<i>C albicans</i>occurs saprophytically on normal skin. As a result, a<i>Candida</i>organism cultured from blood and other visceral specimens is often shrugged off as a "skin contaminant," with usually tragic consequences for the patient. Failure to recognize the role of<i>C albicans</i>in the etiology of skin lesions may lead to
AN IMPROVED NEEDLE HOLDER.
Authors: NORMAN BARNESBY
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The needle holders now on the market are by no means perfect and, while I understand fully that my new device will be criticised, I feel that some members of the profession will appreciate its advantages and use it in preference to any previous instruments. A matter of common complaint is that the holders known as the "Harris," "Emmett," "improved Russian," "Ferguson," "Halstead," "Hagedorn," "Byford," "Henchett," "Whiting," "Rhenier," "Abbe," do not come up to expectations and that great annoyance is caused during their use. Some of the above holders are useful for certain needles, but not one can be relied on to hold properly every kind of needle. The needle holders which lock with a firm grasp and unlock when more pressure is used are very poor. I have a number of times broken needles, while they were in the tissues, by trying to unlock the holders, which is very
Outcome of breech delivery at term
Authors: J. Atherton
Journal: BMJ (1992)

assessment of the mode of delivery.Another group at potentially higher risk are primigravid patients, a subgroup not considered in the report but presumably identifiable from the database.The critical question therefore remains: is a carefully planned and managed trial of vaginal delivery any less safe for the fetus than an elective caesarean section?The uncertainty is in itself an argument in favour of elective caesarean section for all breech presentations at term since this reduces the opportunity for errors of judgment.
A 73-Year-Old Man With Symptomatic Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, 1 Year Later
Authors: Richard A. Parker
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Molecular Characterization of the Dendritic Growth Cone: Regulated mRNA Transport and Local Protein Synthesis
Authors: Peter B. Crino, James Eberwine
Journal: Neuron (1996)

The molecular mechanisms that regulate growth cone guidance of dendrite outgrowth remain to be elucidated. We hypothesized that mRNA localization in dendritic growth cones and their local protein synthesis may be important for growth cone functioning. The appearance of 23 of 31 growth cone mRNAs was developmentally regulated. Also, alteration of growth cone morphology affected the relative levels of three mRNAs. Finally, using single dendrite transfection, it was shown that local protein synthesis occurs in dendrites and growth cones. A heterogeneous population of mRNAs exists in dendritic growth cones of cultured hippocampal neurons whose relative abundances are developmentally regulated and can vary with changes in growth cone physiology. The demonstration of protein synthesis in growth cones suggests that translation of the localized mRNAs may contribute to regulation of growth cone motility and dendrite outgrowth.
Different HLA Haplotypes in Mexican Americans With IDDM
Authors: Constance M Vadheim, Adina Zeidler, Jerome I Rotter, Michael Langbaum, Ira A Shulman, Marion R Spencer, Gertrude Costin, William J Riley, Noel K Maclaren
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

The study of HLA histocompatibility antigens and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in non- White populations may provide a unique opportunity to more accurately define the diabetes susceptibility gene(s) located within the HLA region. To determine whether HLA haplotypes differ between ethnic groups, we compared 105 HLA haplotypes from 55 Mexican- American IDDM patients with 272 haplotypes from 136 IDDM patients of non-Hispanic White descent. The accurate determination of genotypes and haplotypes requires the study of family units. Therefore, all diabetic patients in this study were from studies of families having one or more siblings with IDDM. In the Mexican-American group, HLA-DR3 and -DR4 were the most common HLA-DR alleles and were present in comparable frequencies in the non-Hispanic White group (HLA-DR3, 27% of Mexican-American and 29% of non-Hispanic White haplotypes; DR4, 46% of Mexican- American and 43% of non-Hispanic White haplotypes). However, the HLA-B/DR-containing haplotypes and haplotype frequencies differed between the two groups. Several common haplotypes (B8/DR3, B15/DR4) in the non-Hispanic White group occurred less frequently in the Mexican-American group. In contrast, uncommon haplotypes in the non-Hispanic White group comprised nearly 50% of the DR4-containing haplotypes (B35/DR4, B40/DR4, B44/DR4) in the Mexican-American group. Although both DR3- and DR4-haplotype frequencies differed significantly between the two groups, the relative frequency of DR3- but not DR4-containing haplotypes was similar in both ethnic groups. This adds to the evidence suggesting that different susceptibilities are provided by the haplotypes carrying the DR3 and DR4 alleles.
Central B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: RICHARD D. COFSKY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1984Central B-Cell LymphomaRICHARD D. COFSKY, M.D., SHELDON H. LANDESMAN, M.D.RICHARD D. COFSKY, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, SHELDON H. LANDESMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-100-2-311_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The acquired immune-deficiency syndrome comprises a spectrum of defects in cell-mediated immunity resulting in opportunistic infections and unusual neoplasms, predominately Kaposi's sarcoma (1). There are recent reports of patients with the syndrome developing primary brain lymphomas as part of the syndrome's spectrum (2, 3). Persons of any age with primary B-cell lymphomas of the central nervous system are considered to meet the Centers for Disease Control's (CDC) case definition of the syndrome (HAVERKOS H. Personal communication). We have recently seen a patient who developed a B-cell lymphoma of the brain after receiving blood transfusions but who we...References1. Acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) update—United States. MMWR. 1983;32:309-11. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. SNIDERSIMPSONARONYK WDK. Primary lymphoma of the nervous system associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1983;308:45. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. LEHRICHHEDLEY-WHYTEHARRIS JEN. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and cranial-nerve abnormalities. N Engl J Med. 1983;309:359-69. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. SCHNECKPENN SL. De-novo brain tumors in renal-transplant recipients. Lancet. 1971;1:983-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. HENRYHEFFNERDILLARD JRS. Primary malignant lymphomas of the central nervous system. Cancer. 1974;34:1293-302. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: RICHARD D. COFSKY, M.D.; SHELDON H. LANDESMAN, M.D.Affiliations: Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn, NY 11203 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in the United States: An Analysis of Cases Outside High-Incidence GroupsMARY E. CHAMBERLAND, M.D., M.P.H., KENNETH G. CASTRO, M.D., HARRY W. HAVERKOS, M.D., BESS I. MILLER, M.D., PAULINE A. THOMAS, M.D., REBECCA REISS, M.S., JULIETTE WALKER, M.S., THOMAS J. SPIRA, M.D., HAROLD W. JAFFE, M.D., JAMES W. CURRAN, M.D., M.P.H. 1 February 1984Volume 100, Issue 2Page: 311-312KeywordsB cellsBlood transfusionBrainCell mediated immunityCentral nervous systemKaposi sarcomaLymphomaOpportunistic infections ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...