tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Peroxynitrite induces airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs in vitro and in vivo.
Authors: G Sadeghi-Hashjin, G Folkerts, P A Henricks, A K Verheyen, H J van der Linde, I van Ark, A Coene, F P Nijkamp
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Peroxynitrite (ONOO-) is a cytotoxic product of the rapid reaction between nitric oxide and superoxide that may initiate inflammation. Isolated perfused tracheas from guinea pigs were incubated from the mucosal side for 15 min with peroxynitrite (1 to 100 muM). Thereafter, concentration-response curves to histamine and methacholine were constructed on the preparations. Peroxynitrite (10 muM) caused a significant hyperresponsiveness; the maximal contractions in response to histamine and methacholine were enhanced by 30% and 40%, respectively. In the peroxynitrite-treated group, clear epithelial damage as well as eosinophil destruction were detected. Moreover, 3, 5, and 10 days after intratracheal instillation of peroxynitrite (100 nmol), a significant rise in pulmonary resistance to histamine of anesthetized animals was observed. It is suggested that the generation of peroxynitrite from nitric oxide superoxide radicals during inflammatory processes induces epithelial damage, mediator release, and hence airway hyperresponsiveness. These findings may have clinical implications, because airway inflammation, epithelial damage, and hyperresponsiveness are characteristic features in patients suffering from asthma.
A method for self-assessment of disability before and after hip replacement operations.
Authors: I W McDowell, C J Martini, W Waugh
Journal: BMJ (1978)

A standardised form was developed to review the daily problems suffered by patients with arthritis of the hip and provide clinicians with information for planning treatment and in judging subsequent progress. The reports made by various patients in a preliminary study provided 81 statements on pain, restricted movements, and restricted activities that were then tested to identify the most reliable. The responses of 32 patients waiting for hip replacements and 66 patients who had undergone operation were compared with independent assessments of pain and physical limitations. The 33 statements eventually selected were chosen mainly on the basis of their sensitivity to differences between preoperative and postoperative patients and their correlation with the independent assessments. The final questionnaire provides a valid and concise summary of a patient9s disabilities and is simple enough for the patient to complete while waiting to see the doctor.
204 Hepatic encephalopathy after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (tips): PTFE-covered stent grafts versus bare stents
Authors: S. Angeloni, G. Nicolini, E. Nicolao, L. Ridola, E.M. Salvatori, E. Fanelli, A.E Attili, M. Merli, O. Riggio
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Exhibition shows the "poor ruined faces of England"
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2002)

An exhibition of the work of war artist Henry Tonks shows some of the horrific injuries sustained by soldiers in the first world war.

His drawings, which supplemented the photographic records on the soldiers' medical files, showed the combatants' faces before and after surgery. Tonks, who taught at the Slade School of Art from 1892 to 1930, was particularly well qualified to record …
Desensitization of angiotensin receptor function
Authors: Hiroyuki Sasamura, Victor J. Dzau, Richard E. Pratt
Journal: Kidney International (1994)

Angiotensin II is an eight amino acid peptide which plays a major role in the regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis. The physiologic effects of angiotensin (Ang) II are mediated by a G-protein coupled receptor, termed AT1, which activates phospholipase C. A major factor regulating angiotensin II receptor function is the rapid desensitization following agonist stimulation. However, despite years of investigation, the mechanism by which the angiotensin receptor is regulated remains unclear. The cloning of the AT-1 receptor and the availability of cell lines which stabily express this receptor has helped elucidate these mechanisms. In this paper, we review the data from our laboratory concerning the post-translational regulation of the angiotensin receptor function.
1162-138 Should patients with severe aortic stenosis and coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention prior to aortic valve replacement?
Authors: Pramod K Kuchulakanti, Seung-Woon Rha, Natalie Gevorkian, Maureen C Abbott, Augusto D Pichard, Lowell F Satler, Kenneth M Kent, William O Suddath, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
The hospital of the future: Changing hospitals
Authors: J. Haycock, A. Stanley, N. Edwards, R. Nicholls
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Achieving substantial change in hospitals is notoriously difficult and often takes many years. Perhaps the most striking example of protracted change comes from London, where proposals for relocating the central London teaching hospitals were first advanced in the 1890s (figure).1 Only now, over 100 years and more than 25 reports later, are some of these plans being implemented.

The obstacles to change are not explained by the standard texts on change management and little research into or evaluation of change management programmes in the NHS has been done. These subjects are difficult to research, and participants may be unwilling to expose themselves to external scrutiny. Developing generalisable lessons is difficult, particularly as local factors, especially politics, are often of great importance in determining the outcome. There are few peer reviewed journals for reporting what research does exist.


The lack of research has meant that we have based this article on our experiences and interviews with people who have been responsible for substantial programmes of change in Leeds, Sheffield, Newcastle, and London. We show the complexities of achieving change, identifying and reviewing obstacles that have derailed programmes, and the resolutions found in specific cases. There is no panacea, but some factors can help in achieving success. Four obstacles have hindered hospital reconfigurations: opposition from stakeholders; funding; inadequate processes for developing and consulting on the plan; and absence of a shared understanding of policy direction. 


Summary points


The difficulties of achieving change in hospital systems cannot be underestimated


The public seems to be unimpressed by a number of the arguments used by health planners to support major change


The absence of a base of good evidence to inform planning is a big problem


Many plans fail because of a lack of political commitment, resources, and consensus between the main stakeholders
Biochemical properties of human glomerular basement membrane in normal and diabetic kidneys.
Authors: N A Kefalides
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

To determine the presence of any significant structural abnormalities in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) of diabetic individuals, GBM from normal and diabetic human kidneys were isolated and analyzed chemically and structurally. The amino acid composition of the normal GBM revealed the presence of significant amounts of hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine, glycine, and carbohydrate suggesting the presence of a collagen-like protein. There was no significant increase in the amount of hydroxylysine, hydroxyproline, or in the hydroxylysine-linked glycoside glucosyl-galactose in the diabetic kidneys. There was, however, a significant decrease in the cystine and sialic acid content of GBM from diabetic kidneys. It was further shown that the alpha-chains isolated from the collagens of normal and diabetic basement membranes had similar amino acid and carbohydrate compositions. The hydroxylysine, hydroxyproline, glycine, and hexose contents were higher by 82, 56, 74, and 94%, respectively in the alpha-chains compared with the intact basement membranes from both the normal and diabetic kidneys. The results indicate that the slight increases in hydroxylysine and hexose content observed occasionally in diabetic GBM preparations are of no statistical significance and cannot be attributed to increases in the activities of enzymes which hydroxylate lysine or glycosylate hydroxylysine, respectively.
Neuropsychiatric Dysfunction in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: K. L. Malinow, R. Molina, B. Gordon, O. A. Selnes, T. T. Provost, E. L. Alexander
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Neuropsychiatric complications developed in 40 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome, none of whom met American Rheumatologic Association criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus. Twenty-five patients had psychiatric abnormalities, the commonest of which were affective disturbances. Of 30 patients tested, 23 had an abnormal pattern in the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the commonest pattern being a "conversion V." In general, patients presented with hysteroid dysphoric features. Of 16 patients undergoing cognitive function testing, 7 showed mild memory impairment with attention and concentration deficits. On clinical evaluation, 27 patients had neurologic abnormalities unattributable to other causes (central and peripheral nervous system in 16 and 19 patients respectively). There was a significant correlation between psychiatric disturbances and neurologic dysfunction, suggesting a possible organic basis for psychiatric dysfunction. The diagnosis of primary Sjögren's syndrome should be considered in patients with unexplained neuropsychiatric illness.
Contractility of papillary muscle from rats exposed to 28 days of hypoxia, hypercapnia, and hypoxia with hypercapnia.
Authors: S V Baudouin, N T Bateman
Journal: Thorax (1989)

The effects of chronic respiratory failure (hypoxia and hypercapnia) on the contractile properties of cardiac muscle are not established. A study was performed of the isometric contractile properties of isolated papillary muscle removed from rats exposed in a normobaric environmental chamber to 28 days of hypoxia (fractional inspired oxygen (FIO2) 10%, fractional inspired carbon dioxide (FICO2) less than 1%), hypercapnia (FIO2 21%, FICO2 5%), and hypoxia with hypercapnia (FIO2 10%, FICO2 5%). Rats exposed to both hypoxia and hypoxia with hypercapnia developed selective right ventricular hypertrophy. Exposure to hypercapnia alone did not alter right ventricular weight. No change in right ventricular papillary muscle contractility per unit muscle mass was observed as measured by maximum active tension, maximum rate of rise or fall of tension, or time to peak tension. Rat cardiac muscle adapts successfully to the altered acid-base environment and increased work load associated with prolonged exposure to hypoxia and mild hypercapnia.
Abstract 1408A: Estrogen can stimulate cholangiocarcinoma cells proliferation and invasion and associate with poor prognosis
Authors: Peti Thuwajit, Taweewun Hunsawong, Chanitra Thuwajit
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Cholangiocarcinoma is defined as a cancer arising from bile duct epithelial cell. The prevalence of cholangiocarcinoma is low among worldwide, however it was raised each year. Moreover, this kind of cancer is endemic in Thailand which associated with liver fluke infection, Opisthorchis viverrini. In Thailand, the prevalence of cholangiocarcinoma was about 20-time higher than in western country and may be more than 400-time in endemic area (northeastern part). Cholangiocarcinoma has poor prognosis with low 5-year survival rate due to its high metastasis rate which caused inadequate surgery while chemotherapy and radiotherapy are resisted. It is a type of chronic liver disease with altered estrogen metabolizing enzyme that could leading to the accumulation of estrogen in plasma. Estrogen was known as a promoting factor in progression of some cancer, eg. breast cancer and endometrial cancer. Our finding indicated the increasing of serum estrogen level in male cholangiocarcinoma patients and correlated with serum alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin and inverse correlated with albumin. The high level of serum estrogen could be determined as poor prognostic factor for survival of cholangiocarcinoma patients with statistically significant. In vitro studies demonstrated the effect of estrogen on cell proliferation and invasion of cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. Real time proliferative assay indicated the growth stimulated effect of estrogen on 4 cholangiocaricinoma cell lines (KKU-100, KKU-M055, KKU-M156 and KKU-M213) in dose dependent manner up to 10 nM. Results from in vitro invasion assay showed the effect of estrogen on cholangiocarcinoma cell invasion with highest effect at concentration 1 nM and this effect could be inhibited by tamoxifen. Metastasis genes expression of KKU-M213 cholangiocarcinoma cell induced by estrogen was measured by RT2 ProlifilerTM PCR array system. Total 84 metastasis genes expression were compared with non-induced cell, 24 genes showed change in expression level more than twice which were 11 genes increased and 13 genes decreased. The pathway of estrogen induced metastasis genes in cholangiocarcinoma cells should be analyzed. The results should indicate the mechanism and control of cholangiocarcinoma invasion and metastasis, which may be introduced to the new therapeutic guideline. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1408A. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1408A
Intercostal Neurectomy Complicating Needle Biopsy
Authors: Gino R. Narboni
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Needle biopsy of the pleura has become widely accepted as a valuable procedure in the diagnosis of the etiology of many pleural effusions.<sup>1,2</sup>At this hospital, an Abram's needle<sup>3</sup>is customarily employed to take samples of the parietal pleura for histological and cultural examinations on the initial thoracenteses of patients with undiagnosed pleural effusions. This procedure is considered very safe, but occasionally complications of pneumothorax,<sup>4</sup>hemorrhage into the pleural space,<sup>5</sup>or temporary pain due to intercostal-nerve injury have occurred. However, in a patient recently seen at this hospital, incidental removal of a long segment of intercostal nerve occurred during an attempted needle pleural biopsy. To our knowledge, this is the first reported incidence of such a complication. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> A 64-year-old white man (LGH-7606-023) was admitted to Letterman General Hospital on Oct 29, 1965. He had a recurrent pleural effusion on
EEG Voltage as an Indicator of Drug-Induced Changes in Schizophrenia
Authors: MAX A. BRUCK
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

Average voltage values were determined in 41 pre-treatment EEGs of chronic schizophrenic patients. The basic EEG values were significantly correlated with changes in behavioral ratings which occurred after eight weeks of treatment with psychotropic drugs. Thus the EEG served as a yardstick for predicting the degree of behavior changes in schizophrenics under drug therapy: the less ill a patient was initially, the more improvement in terms of psychological scores could be expected from drugs.
The use of biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles in combination with a low-pressure gene gun for transdermal DNA delivery
Authors: Po-Wei Lee, Shu-Fen Peng, Chun-Jen Su, Fwu-Long Mi, Hsin-Lung Chen, Ming-Cheng Wei, Hao-Jan Lin, Hsing-Wen Sung
Journal: Biomaterials (2007)
Rebuilding health services in Gaza won't be possible while Israel maintains blockade, says report
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The efforts of healthcare workers in the Gaza Strip and over 30 outside agencies have helped “to maintain continuity of services despite constant crises” in the region, a report has said. But rebuilding of the health service in Gaza will be impossible while Israel maintains its blockade on the area, it concluded.

Gaza’s post-conflict health infrastructure has been surveyed by the Health Cluster in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, a collaboration of the World Health Organization, the Palestinian ministry of health, and 32 other healthcare providers working in the region.1 

They have reported that of 86 hospitals and primary care clinics assessed by the group, 73 sustained damage in the recent conflict in July and August. The evacuated al-Wafa Rehabilitation Hospital was completely destroyed from the air,2 and seven clinics were destroyed or damaged beyond repair, …
THE FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: William S. Tillett, R. L. Garner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1933)

Broth cultures of hemolytic streptococci derived from patients are capable of rapidly liquefying normal human fibrin clot. The active fibrinolytic principle is also contained in sterile, cell-free filtrates of broth cultures. The degree of activity of filtrates parallels the activity of whole broth cultures sufficiently closely to indicate that large amounts of the fibrinolytic substance are freely excreted into the surrounding medium and pass readily through Berkefeld V, Seitz, and Chamberland filters. The occurrence of fibrinolysis is most strikingly observed when plasma or fibrinogen is mixed with active cultural material before clot formation is effected. Under the standard experimental conditions described, complete dissolution of human plasma clot (whole oxalated plasma + CaCl(2)) occurs in about 10 minutes; complete dissolution of human fibrinogen clot (chemically isolated fibrinogen + thrombin) takes place in about 2 minutes. Titration of filtrate activity is recorded in Table IV. Twenty-eight strains of Streptococcus hemolyticus, isolated from patients suffering from various manifestations of streptococcus infection, have been tested for the capacity to liquefy fibrin clot. Broth cultures of all of the strains induced fibrinolysis. Of 18 strains of Streptococcus hemolyticus of animal origin, only three were capable of causing dissolution of clot. Completely negative results were obtained with 38 strains of other bacterial species. The list is presented on pages 492 and 493. The plasma of many patients recovered from acute hemolytic streptococcus infections, when clotted in the presence of active cultures, is highly resistant to fibrinolysis. Furthermore, serum, derived from patients whose plasma clot is resistant, often confers on normal plasma clot an antifibrinolytic property. One example of the resistance possessed by the blood of convalescent patients is presented in this report. A second paper, now in preparation, will give in detail a large number of observations on the relation of infection to the development of resistance to the fibrinolytic activity of hemolytic streptococci. In contrast to the susceptibility of normal human fibrin clot to liquefaction by active culture, normal rabbit fibrin clot is totally resistant to dissolution when tested under comparable conditions. The insusceptibility of rabbit fibrin clot is manifest provided the coagulum is composed of rabbit constituents. When human thrombin is used to clot rabbit plasma or fibrinogen in the presence of active cultures, fibrinolysis is not prohibited. The rôle of thrombin in determining the resistance or susceptibility of rabbit fibrin to dissolution offers a suggestive approach to problems relating to the underiving mechanism.
Case 21-1976
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Leslie W. Ottinger, Austin L. Vickery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Presentation of CaseA 66-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of weight loss.He was well until five years previously, when he began to lose weight in a setting of emotional stress. Two years later diabetes mellitus was found and was regulated with NPH insulin, 8 units daily. Weight loss continued, and by nine months before admission he had lost nearly 25 kg. He entered another hospital, where bronchoscopic examination and a scalene-lymph-node biopsy were reported to be negative. A tuberculin skin test was positive. A stained specimen of gastric juice revealed acid-fast bacilli, and isoniazid was begun. . . .
SND1, a Component of RNA-Induced Silencing Complex, Is Up-regulated in Human Colon Cancers and Implicated in Early Stage Colon Carcinogenesis
Authors: Naoto Tsuchiya, Masako Ochiai, Katsuhiko Nakashima, Tsuneyuki Ubagai, Takashi Sugimura, Hitoshi Nakagama
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Colon cancers have been shown to develop after accumulation of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations with changes in global gene expression profiles, contributing to the establishment of widely diverse phenotypes. Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression by small RNA species, such as the small interfering RNA and microRNA and the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), is currently drawing major interest with regard to cancer development. SND1, also called Tudor-SN and p100 and recently reported to be a component of RISC, is among the list of highly expressed genes in human colon cancers. In the present study, we showed remarkable up-regulation of SND1 mRNA in human colon cancer tissues, even in early-stage lesions, and also in colon cancer cell lines. When mouse Snd1 was stably overexpressed in IEC6 rat intestinal epithelial cells, contact inhibition was lost and cell growth was promoted, even after the cells became confluent. Intriguingly, IEC6 cells with high levels of Snd1 also showed an altered distribution of E-cadherin from the cell membrane to the cytoplasm, suggesting loss of cellular polarity. Furthermore, the adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) protein was coincidentally down-regulated, with no significant changes in the Apc mRNA level. Immunohistochemical analysis using chemically induced colonic lesions developed in rats revealed overexpression of Snd1 not only in colon cancers but also in aberrant crypt foci, putative precancerous lesions of the colon. Up-regulation of SND1 may thus occur at a very early stage in colon carcinogenesis and contribute to the posttranscriptional regulation of key players in colon cancer development, including APC and β-catenin. [Cancer Res 2007;67(19):9568–76]
Cdk5 Promotes Synaptogenesis by Regulating the Subcellular Distribution of the MAGUK Family Member CASK
Authors: Benjamin Adam Samuels, Yi-Ping Hsueh, Tianzhi Shu, Haoya Liang, Huang-Chun Tseng, Chen-Jei Hong, Susan C. Su, Janet Volker, Rachael L. Neve, David T. Yue, Li-Huei Tsai
Journal: Neuron (2007)
SUBCUTANEOUS EMPHYSEMA IN A CASE OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
Authors: I. S. Kahn
Journal: JAMA (1927)

The rarity of this complication in bronchial asthma is the occasion for the present report. One would think that the usual violent respiratory efforts combined with the pulmonary emphysematous condition of chronic asthma cases would produce the condition more frequently, but such is apparently not the case. Though I have handled several hundred asthma cases in the last few years, I have never seen or heard of cutaneous emphysema resulting from this cause, and so far as I am able to learn, there are no reports in American medical literature. The only foreign references I have been able to locate are British.<sup>1</sup>Air infiltration of the subcutaneous tissues has, of course, long been known to accompany other pathologic changes of the respiratory tract. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> G. S., a girl, aged 8, seen, Jan. 17, 1927, with Dr. R. E. Bowen of San Antonio, had had an attack of asthma that