tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Medicolegal Lessons of the Tenerife Disaster
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

When jumbo-jet passenger aircraft were introduced they meant substantial progress for the air-travel industry and increased comfort for air travelers. The huge aircraft, with seating capacities of over 300, also brought feelings of great uneasiness to experienced medicolegal investigators who had been involved in examinations of the results of previous air-liner crashes and multiple-death investigations. The problems of dealing with these crashes and the solving of jurisdictional disputes between investigational authorities had by no means been fully worked out. Now, the jumbo jets would confound the problems by the multiplication of numbers of passengers and crew, massiveness of the aircraft . . .
Loss and Reduction of Fus1 Protein Expression is a Frequent Phenomenon in the Pathogenesis of Lung Cancer
Authors: Ludmila Prudkin, Carmen Behrens, Diane D. Liu, Xian Zhou, Natalie C. Ozburn, B. Nebiyou Bekele, John D. Minna, Cesar Moran, Jack A. Roth, Lin Ji, Ignacio I. Wistuba
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: FUS1, a novel tumor-suppressor gene located in the chromosome 3p21.3 region, may play an important role in lung cancer development. Currently, FUS1-expressing nanoparticles have been developed for treating patients with lung cancer. However, the expression of Fus1 protein has not been examined in a large series of lung cancers and their sequential preneoplastic lesions. Experimental Design: Using tissue microarrays, we examined Fus1 immunohistochemical expression in 281 non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and 22 small cell lung carcinoma tissue specimens and correlated the findings with patients' clinicopathologic features. To investigate the expression of Fus1 in the early sequential pathogenesis of NSCLC, we studied Fus1 expression in 211 histologically normal and mildly abnormal bronchial epithelia, and 118 bronchial and alveolar preneoplastic lesions obtained from patients with lung cancer. Results: Loss and reduction of expression was detected in 82% of NSCLCs and 100% of small cell lung carcinomas. In NSCLCs, loss of Fus1 immunohistochemical expression was associated with significantly worse overall survival. Bronchial squamous metaplastic and dysplastic lesions expressed significantly lower levels of Fus1 compared with normal (P = 0.014 and 0.047, respectively) and hyperplastic (P = 0.013 and 0.028, respectively) epithelia. Conclusions: Our findings show a high frequency of Fus1 protein loss and reduction of expression in lung cancer, and suggests that this reduction may play an important role in the early pathogenesis of lung squamous cell carcinoma. These findings support the concept that FUS1 gene and Fus1 protein abnormalities could be used to develop new strategies for molecular cancer therapy for a significant subset of lung tumors.
Different extent of cardiac malfunction and resistance to oxidative stress in heterozygous and homozygous manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase-mutant mice
Authors: Tomasz Loch, Olesya Vakhrusheva, Izabela Piotrowska, Wieslaw Ziolkowski, Henning Ebelt, Thomas Braun, Eva Bober
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

AimsThe mitochondrially expressed manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, SOD2) is an essential antioxidative enzyme that is necessary for normal heart function. In this study, we investigated the heart function of mice that were exposed to increased oxidative stress for time periods of up to 6 months due to decreased MnSOD activity caused by heterozygous deletion of the MnSOD gene.
Community outreach at biomedical research facilities.
Authors: M Goldman, J N Hedetniemi, E R Herbert, J S Sassaman, B C Walker
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

For biomedical researchers to fulfill their responsibility for protecting the environment, they must do more than meet the scientific challenge of reducing the number and volume of hazardous materials used in their laboratories and the engineering challenge of reducing pollution and shifting to cleaner energy sources. They must also meet the public relations challenge of informing and involving their neighbors in these efforts. The experience of the Office of Community Liaison of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in meeting the latter challenge offers a model and several valuable lessons for other biomedical research facilities to follow. This paper is based on presentations by an expert panel during the Leadership Conference on Biomedical Research and the Environment held 1--2 November 1999 at NIH, Bethesda, Maryland. The risks perceived by community members are often quite different from those identified by officials at the biomedical research facility. The best antidote for misconceptions is more and better information. If community organizations are to be informed participants in the decision-making process, they need a simple but robust mechanism for identifying and evaluating the environmental hazards in their community. Local government can and should be an active and fully informed partner in planning and emergency preparedness. In some cases this can reduce the regulatory burden on the biomedical research facility. In other cases it might simplify and expedite the permitting process or help the facility disseminate reliable information to the community. When a particular risk, real or perceived, is of special concern to the community, community members should be involved in the design, implementation, and evaluation of targeted risk assessment activities. Only by doing so will the community have confidence in the results of those activities. NIH has involved community members in joint efforts to deal with topics as varied as recycling and soil testing. These ad hoc efforts are more likely to succeed if community members and groups have also been included in larger and longer term advisory committees. These committees institutionalize the outreach process. This can provide the facility with vocal and influential allies who create an independent line of communication with the larger community.
World leaders are ignoring worldwide threat of Ebola, says MSF
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2014)

World leaders have failed to “come to grips” with the international threat posed by Ebola virus disease, warns an international humanitarian agency that has admitted it can’t cope with the outbreak in west Africa.

Medecins Sans Frontieres (Doctors Without Borders) has called for states with biological disaster response capacity, including civilian and military medical capability, to dispatch assets and personnel to west Africa immediately. MSF medical teams have been battling the outbreak in the region since March, caring for two thirds of the officially declared infected people, but they can’t cope, said the international charity’s president, Joanne Liu, at a special briefing on Ebola on 2 September at the United Nations headquarters in New York.

“Even as we have doubled our staff over the last month, I can tell you that they are completely overwhelmed,” she said. “Six months into the worst Ebola epidemic in history, the world is losing the battle to contain it. Leaders are failing to come to grips with this transnational threat.”

Despite MSF’s repeated calls to countries worldwide for a massive mobilisation on the ground, “the response has been too little, too late,” she said.

On 28 August the World Health Organization unveiled a plan aimed at stopping ongoing Ebola transmission within six to nine months. This roadmap acknowledged that nearly 40% of the total number of reported cases have …
Poor service provision is blamed for overuse of antipsychotics in dementia patients
Authors: O. Mashta
Journal: BMJ (2009)

About 144 000 UK patients with dementia are being given antipsychotic drugs unnecessarily, causing about 1800 deaths a year, a new report says.

About 820 extra serious adverse events such as stroke each year can be attributed to inappropriate prescribing of antipsychotics, say the report’s authors, led by Sube Banerjee, professor of mental health and ageing at the Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London.

Only 36 000 patients may be deriving some benefit from treatment with antipsychotics, says the report on the use of such treatment in people with dementia, which was commissioned by the government.

Professor Banerjee blamed the overuse of antipsychotics on a system failure.

The report says, “Part of the reason for health and social care systems not being geared up to dementia is that this recent …
Mechanical Properties of Rat Cardiac Muscle during Experimental Hypertrophy
Authors: OSCAR H. L. BING, SATORU MATSUSHITA, BARRY L. FANBURG, HERBERT J. LEVINE
Journal: Circulation Research (1971)

The mechanical properties of trabecular muscles from the hearts of 77 rats subjected to aortic arch constriction were compared with those from 77 unoperated and sham-operated control animals at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after operation. Significant hypertrophy, as evidenced by an increase in left ventricle to body weight ratio, was first seen at three days ( P &lt; 0.02), reached a maximum of 30 to 40% by seven days ( P &lt; 0.001), and remained relatively constant throughout the remainder of the experiment. Depression of isotonic shortening velocity and maximum isometric force of trabecular muscles from hypertrophied hearts was first seen at seven days. These changes persisted at 14 and 28 days. When alterations in muscle mechanics due to changes in muscle thickness were taken into consideration, muscles from hypertrophied hearts demonstrated a depressed maximum velocity of shortening ( P &lt; 0.001), while development of isometric tension was unaltered. The latter appeared to be maintained at least in part by a prolonged contraction time, as reflected by increases in the time to peak isometric tension ( P &lt; 0.05) and the time to peak "unloaded" isotonic shortening ( P &lt; 0.001). Resting tension was increased in trabecular muscles from hypertrophied hearts. Tissue hydroxyproline concentration was elevated with hypertrophy. The observed depression in muscle shortening velocity at light loads may be explained by altered contractile state or by increased stiffness of the parallel elastic element.
Surgery and respiratory muscles
Authors: G DRUMMOND;, N M SIAFAKAS, I MITROUSKA, D BOUROS, D GEORGOPOULOS
Journal: Thorax (1999)

An 11 year old boy with cystic fibrosis suffered a stroke, producing right sided weakness.Four years previously a totally implantable venous access device (Port-a-Cath) had been inserted.Magnetic resonance angiography revealed a filling defect in the left middle cerebral artery.Transoesophageal echocardiography demonstrated a thrombus attached to the tip of the Port-a-Cath and also the presence of a patent foramen ovale.After an initial period of anticoagulation the defect was closed using a septal occlusion device introduced via a cardiac catheter.The boy's neurological signs completely resolved and he remains free from further thromboembolic episodes.Whilst pulmonary embolism has been described before in relation to a totally implantable venous access device, this is believed to be the first description of a paradoxical embolism in relation to such a device.
Immunological Cross-Reactions Between Connective Tissue Proteinpolysaccharides.
Authors: Howard Levine
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966Immunological Cross-Reactions Between Connective Tissue Proteinpolysaccharides.Howard Levine, M.D., F.A.C.P., John Sandson, M.D., David Hamerman, M.D.Howard Levine, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, John Sandson, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, David Hamerman, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1167_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptMucopolysaccharides are the high-molecular weight negatively charged carbohydrate components present in the intercellular spaces of connective tissues. They appear to play a role in ion exchange, and their association with collagen fibers may determine the mechanical properties of connective tissues. The chemistry of these substances has been worked out in the past 20 years largely through the efforts of Karl Meyer and his colleagues. More recently it has been found that mucopolysaccharides in the native state exist in firm combination with noncollagenous protein. Apparently all the chondroitin sulfate and keratin sulfate of cartilage and all the hyaluronate of synovial fluid... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Howard Levine, M.D., F.A.C.P.; John Sandson, M.D.; David Hamerman, M.D.Affiliations: Bronx, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1167-1167KeywordsCarbohydratesCartilageChondroitinConnective tissueProteinsSulfatesSynovial fluid ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF downloadLoading ...
Association Between Hospital-Reported Leapfrog Safe Practices Scores and Inpatient Mortality
Authors: Leslie P. Kernisan, Sei J. Lee, W. John Boscardin, C. Seth Landefeld, R. Adams Dudley
Journal: JAMA (2009)

ContextThe Leapfrog Hospital Survey allows hospitals to self-report the steps they have taken toward implementing the Safe Practices for Better Healthcare endorsed by the National Quality Forum.The Leapfrog Group currently ranks hospital performance on the safe practices initiative by quartiles and presents this information to the public on its Web site.It is unknown how well a hospital's resulting Safe Practices Score (SPS) correlates with outcomes such as inpatient mortality.Objective To determine the relationship between hospitals' SPSs and risk-adjusted inpatient mortality rates.Design, Setting, and Participants Observational analysis of discharge data for all urban US hospitals completing the 2006 safe practices initiative and identifiable in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample.Leapfrog provided an SPS for each hospital as well as 3 alternative scores based on shorter versions of the original survey.Hierarchical logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between quartiles of SPS and risk-adjusted inpatient mortality, after adjusting for hospital discharge volume and teaching status.Subgroup analyses were performed using data from patients older than 65 years and patients with 5% or greater expected mortality risk. Main Outcome MeasuresInpatient risk-adjusted mortality by quartiles of survey score. ResultsOf 1075 hospitals completing the 2006 Safe Practices Survey, 155 (14%) were identifiable in the National Inpatient Sample (1 772 064 discharges).Raw observed mortality in the primary sample was 2.09%.Fully adjusted mortality rates by quartile of SPS, from lowest to highest, were 1.97% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.78%-2.18%),2.04% (95% CI, 1.84%-2.25%),1.96% (95% CI, 1.77%-2.16%),and 2.00% (95% CI, 1.80%-2.22%)(P=.99 for linear trend).Results were similar in the subgroup analyses.None of the 3 alternative survey scores was associated with risk-adjusted inpatient mortality, although P values for linear trends were lower (.80, .20,and .11). ConclusionIn this sample of hospitals that completed the 2006 Safe Practices Survey, survey scores were not significantly associated with risk-adjusted inpatient mortality.
Gene-expression analysis identifies novel RBL2/p130 target genes in endemic Burkitt lymphoma cell lines and primary tumors
Authors: Giulia De Falco, Eleonora Leucci, Dido Lenze, Pier Paolo Piccaluga, Pier Paolo Claudio, Anna Onnis, Giovanna Cerino, Joshua Nyagol, Walter Mwanda, Cristiana Bellan, Michael Hummel, Stefano Pileri, Piero Tosi, Harald Stein, Antonio Giordano, Lorenzo Leoncini
Journal: Blood (2007)
Globular adiponectin and its downstream target genes are up-regulated locally in human colorectal tumors: ex vivo and in vitro studies
Authors: Katja Kannisto Vetvik, Tonje Sonerud, Mona Lindeberg, Torben Lüders, Ragnhild H. Størkson, Kristin Jonsdottir, Eirik Frengen, Kirsi H. Pietiläinen, Ida Bukholm
Journal: Metabolism (2014)
E-type prostanoid receptor 4 (EP4) in disease and therapy
Authors: Viktoria Konya, Gunther Marsche, Rufina Schuligoi, Akos Heinemann
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2013)

The large variety of biological functions governed by prostaglandin (PG) E2 is mediated by signaling through four distinct E-type prostanoid (EP) receptors. The availability of mouse strains with genetic ablation of each EP receptor subtype and the development of selective EP agonists and antagonists have tremendously advanced our understanding of PGE2 as a physiologically and clinically relevant mediator. Moreover, studies using disease models revealed numerous conditions in which distinct EP receptors might be exploited therapeutically. In this context, the EP4 receptor is currently emerging as most versatile and promising among PGE2 receptors. Anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic and vasoprotective effects have been proposed for the EP4 receptor, along with its recently described unfavorable tumor-promoting and pro-angiogenic roles. A possible explanation for the diverse biological functions of EP4 might be the multiple signaling pathways switched on upon EP4 activation. The present review attempts to summarize the EP4 receptor-triggered signaling modules and the possible therapeutic applications of EP4-selective agonists and antagonists.
Prevention of Myocardial Infarction by Very Early Treatment with Intracoronary Streptokinase
Authors: G.J. Davies, S. Chierchia, A. Maseri
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

ASERIES of recent studies indicate that the occluded coronary artery can be recanalized in 60 to 85 per cent of cases of acute myocardial infarction if intracoronary streptokinase is infused within six hours of the onset of chest pain.1 2 3 4 This rate of recanalization is far higher than the rate found to occur spontaneously.5 , 6 Although it has been claimed that intracoronary thrombolysis can reduce myocardial damage in treated groups as compared with controls, this has not been consistently confirmed by controlled studies.7 , 8 In individual patients the extent to which myocardial necrosis is prevented by successful thrombolysis is difficult to assess because . . .
THE ADRENAL GLAND IN TROPICAL SPRUE
Authors: Federico Diéz Rivas
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The exact mechanism by which the  syndrome develops is still unknown, but the syndrome, as seen in some patients with this condition, embraces many features that are suggestive of adrenal hypofunction, such as asthenia, loss of weight, gastrointestinal symptoms, hypotension, a flat oral glucose tolerance test, and hyperpigmentation of the skin. It has been observed that in sprue certain gastrointestinal symptoms, like flatulence, abdominal distention, and soft or diarrheic stools, frequently precede the development of anemia. This suggests that the initial abnormality may be related to the impaired absorption of essential foodstuffs from the gastrointestinal tract.  Thorn and Clinton1found some abnormalities in carbohydrate metabolism in 75% of 52 untreated patients with Addison's disease. These consisted of a tendency to a low fasting blood sugar level, a flat oral glucose tolerance curve, a normal level in the intravenous glucose tolerance curve, and a tendency to hypoglycemia. The authors
Relapsing Polychondritis
Authors: Harry Leland Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (1962)

UNTIL JULY, 1961, only 13 cases of relapsing polychondritis had been reported in the literature. This interesting syndrome described recently by Pearson et al. as relapsing polychondritis and by Davies and Kelsalla as chronic atrophie polychondritis has been described under various names including polychondropathia by Jakseh-Warten-horst in 1923, and later by Altherr and von Meyenburg as chondromalacie. Bober and Czarniecki in 1955, and Bean et al. in 1958, also described the syndrome as chronic atrophie polychondritis. Harwood in 1958, described his case as diffuse pcrichondritis, chondritis, and iritis, obviously the same syndrome. Relapsing polychondritis is considered by most authors to be an acquired disease of unknown etiology, chiefly involving cartilage and probaby due to an enzymatic or metabolic defect. The disease is characterized by its chronicity and episodic nature. Although chondritis, perichondritis, and iritis have been reported as frequent components of this syndrome, fever, malaise, and an elevated sedimentation rate
Abstract 5472: Targeting chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells with a humanized monoclonal antibody specific for CD44.
Authors: Suping Zhang, Christina Wu, Jessie Farrah-Fecteau, Bing Cui, Liguang Chen, Ling Zhang, Rongrong Wu, Laura Rassenti, Fitzgerald S. Lao, Stefan Weigand, Thomas J. Kipps
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells express high levels of CD44, a cell-surface glycoprotein receptor of hyaluronic acid (HA). We evaluated the cytotoxic potential of a humanized anti-CD44 mAb (RG7356), which currently is undergoing clinical evaluation for the treatment of patients with solid-tumor malignancies. We found that the mAb was directly cytotoxic for leukemia B cells, but had little effect on normal B cells. Moreover, independent of compliment or cytotoxic effector cells, RG7356 could induce leukemia cells to undergo caspase-dependent apoptosis, particularly those CLL cells that expressed the zeta-associated protein of 70 kD (ZAP-70). The cytotoxic effect of this mAb was not mitigated when the CLL cells were co-cultured with mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) or HA, or stimulated via ligation of the B-cell receptor (BCR) with anti-μ. RG7356 induced rapid internalization of CD44 on CLL cells at 37oC, resulting in reduced expression of ZAP-70, which we found complexed with CD44. Administration of 1 mg/kg of this mAb to immune-deficient mice engrafted with human CLL cells resulted in complete clearance of engrafted leukemia cells. These studies indicate that this mAb might have therapeutic activity, particularly in patients with CLL that express ZAP-70. Citation Format: Suping Zhang, Christina Wu, Jessie Farrah-Fecteau, Bing Cui, Liguang Chen, Ling Zhang, Rongrong Wu, Laura Rassenti, Fitzgerald S. Lao, Stefan Weigand, Thomas J. Kipps. Targeting chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells with a humanized monoclonal antibody specific for CD44. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5472. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5472
Paternalism, Family Duties, and My Aunt Maude
Authors: George R. Beauchamp
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I applaud the values-based approach of Dr Miles<sup>1</sup>in his commentary entitled "Paternalism, Family Duties, and My Aunt Maude." In it, Dr Miles questions the appropriateness of uniform acceptance of autonomy as the overriding value in considering such surgical procedures as cataract extraction. This is a course that may benefit certain patients, yet places significant moral and medical burdens on families and practitioners alike. Given the vulnerability of individuals with limited function, including those in extendedcare and nursing facilities, these burdens are amplified.<sup>2</sup> Dr Miles' characterization of cataract surgery as "trivial" is open for considerable debate. Such a characterization is probably inconsistent with the expectations and elemental concerns of most who undergo the procedure. I believe it certainly is inconsistent with the care, precision, education, commitment, and values of most ophthalmologists. Additionally, Dr Miles refers to "cataract repair"; this is an unusual descriptive phrase, of