tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Oxygen on Health Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Transient Exertional Hypoxemia
Authors: Mika L. Nonoyama, Dina Brooks, Gordon H. Guyatt, Roger S. Goldstein
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Rationale: Ambulatory oxygen improves acute exercise performance in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This improvement may not translate into symptomatic benefit for patients during activities of daily living.Objectives: We undertook a series of individual randomized controlled trials (N-of-1 RCTs) to measure the effect of oxygen in patients with COPD who do not meet criteria for mortality reduction with long-term oxygen therapy.Methods: Twenty-seven patients completed blinded N-of-1 RCTs, each comprising three pairs of 2-week home treatment periods, with oxygen provided during one period of each pair and a placebo mixture during the other.Measurements and Main Results: Patients completed the Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ), the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire, and a home five-minute-walk test at the end of each period. We defined a positive response as a CRQ dyspnea score greater (less dyspnea) on oxygen than placebo during all three pairs of treatment periods, with a difference ⩾ 0.5 inches for at least two treatment pairs. Oxygen significantly increased the five-minute-walk test (427 vs. 412 steps, p = 0.04). Two of 27 patients met the responder criteria. Among the whole group, neither the CRQ nor the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire showed any statistical or clinical differences between oxygen and placebo.Conclusions: This study does not support the general application of long-term ambulatory oxygen therapy for patients with COPD who do not meet criteria for mortality reduction with long-term oxygen therapy. N-of-1 RCTs can identify patients who may benefit.
Beneficial effects of synchronized coronary venous retroperfusion during high-risk PTCA compared with those of cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Kazuhiko Nishida, Takafumi Masai, Shinsuke Nanto, Atsushi Hirayama, Shinji Asada, Tetsuo Sakakibara, Kazuhisa Kodama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Pneumococcal Laryngitis in the Newborn Infant
Authors: Gerald W. Hazard, Philip J. Porter, David Ingall
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

LARYNGITIS is a rare disease in the newborn infant, and most textbooks of pediatrics do not even mention this subject. Disturbances of the larynx in the perinatal period usually result from trauma or congenital defects. The following case of laryngitis due to Diplococcus pneumoniae Type 3 in a newborn infant is presented because of the rarity of this entity and the fact that the causative organism was also found in the maternal cervical culture.Case ReportThe patient was born at 40 weeks' gestation. The membranes of his mother (para 6, gravida 6) had ruptured 23 hours previously. Two hours . . .
Conditioning with targeted busulfan for autologous peripheral blood stem cells transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia in an XYY male
Authors: Eriko Sada, Hideho Henzan, Ryoko Ohtani, Ken Takase, Toshihiro Miyamoto, Takahiro Fukuda, Koji Nagafuji, Keita Yamauchi, Yasushi Takamatsu, Shoichi Inaba, Mine Harada
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

We report herein a 19-year-old Japanese male with XYY syndrome who developed acute myelogenous leukemia. During three courses of cytotoxic chemotherapy, he suffered repeated hepatic and renal insufficiencies, possibly related to latent dysfunction from the XYY syndrome. The patient was treated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor combined with etoposide, cytarabine, and busulfan (the latter adjusted to a targeting dose) followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. He had no severe regimen-related toxicities and is now free of leukemia. Am. J. Hematol. 78:55–58, 2005. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
PRESERVATION OF LIQUID PLASMA BY SULFONAMIDE DERIVATIVES
Authors: Milan Novak
Journal: JAMA (1942)

To the Editor:—  In the February 14 issue ofThe JournalI published a paper on the preservation of liquid plasma by the use of sulfonamide derivatives. The report was based on hundreds of experiments employing numerous species of bacteria encountered as contaminants in stored plasma. In no instance did I demonstrate growth of bacteria in plasma containing 200 mg. per hundred cubic centimeters (0.2 per cent) of sodium sulfathiazole, nor did plasma containing the compound become grossly contaminated when exposed to air contamination for long periods of time.  InThe Journalof March 28, Heath and Province published their results on a small series of experiments carried out under unusual conditions in that they do not represent actual working conditions and made broad conclusions which do not discredit my own but tend to cast doubt on the efficacy of the sulfonamide method. In their experiments they used only five
AN OPERATION FOR HALLUX RIGIDUS
Authors: W. A. Cochrane
Journal: BMJ (1927)

THx B 1095 varies within considerable limits as to the diagnosis of nystagmus; County Court judges are also much perturbed in such cases.All these facts indicate that some authorita- tive definition of the disease and its many phases is urgently required.W Whatever opinion is held as to the causation of nystagmus the pathological entity round which this complex revolves is involuntary oscillation of eyeballs, and that, in my opinion, cannot be explained away on a psychological basis.To the elucidation of the cause of this defect in the miner the expert coal chemist should add his quota to that of the doctor.
Linking research and policy to ensure children's environmental health.
Authors: L R Goldman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) has made protecting children's environmental health its highest priority. Data on how and when children may be at risk are vital for accomplishing this goal. Recent examples of the link between research and policy include U.S. EPA actions to carry out the recommendations of the National Academy of Sciences on pesticides in children's food, reduce and prevent childhood lead poisoning, and revise national ambient air quality standards for ozone and particulate matter. Today, the Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA), which makes protecting children from pesticide residues in food a national priority, is contributing to the growing need for data for decision making. Further impetus comes from provisions in the FQPA and 1996 Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments for establishing a screening and testing program for potential risks from endocrine disruptors. Another factor is the analysis that will be required under President William J. Clinton's executive order directing all federal agencies, for the first time, to reduce environmental health and safety risks to children. Success of the U.S. international commitment to protect children is directly tied to the strength and availability of environmental data. To meet such challenges, the U.S. EPA is revising key science policies, expanding research opportunities, and adding to the public's right-to-know tools. In this dynamic climate, there are growing opportunities for the research community to play a greater role in helping ensure the well-being of children living today and in generations to come.
A novel compound heterozygous mutation in the CYP17 (P450 17α-hydroxylase) gene leading to 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase deficiency
Authors: Jong Ryeal Hahm, Deok Ryong Kim, Dong Kee Jeong, Jae Hoon Chung, Myung-Shik Lee, Yong-Ki Min, Kwang-Won Kim, Moon-Kyu Lee
Journal: Metabolism (2003)
Fatal collisions between joggers and automobiles in Rhode Island
Authors: M. Ragosta
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To the Editor.—  We previously determined the incidence of nontraumatic deaths during jogging in Rhode Island and demonstrated that coronary artery disease is the most common cause of such deaths. 1 An accompanying editorial suggested that motor vehicle accidents may also be an important cause of jogging-related mortality. 2 To examine this possibility, we reviewed the records of 230 fatal pedestrian accidents that occurred in Rhode Island in the eight years between Dec 31,1974, and Jan 1, 1983. We also reviewed 16 nontraumatic deaths that occurred during jogging in the same time period. The cause of death in these 16 cases was determined by autopsy examination in ten and was based on medical records and the circumstances of death in the remaining six. Records were available, since all traumatic and sudden nontraumatic deaths in Rhode Island are reviewed by one of us (W.Q.S.). The prevalence of persons aged 30 through
Genomic Support for a Moa–Tinamou Clade and Adaptive Morphological Convergence in Flightless Ratites
Authors: Allan J. Baker, Oliver Haddrath, John D. McPherson, Alison Cloutier
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2014)

One of the most startling discoveries in avian molecular phylogenetics is that the volant tinamous are embedded in the flightless ratites, but this topology remains controversial because recent morphological phylogenies place tinamous as the closest relative of a monophyletic ratite clade. Here, we integrate new phylogenomic sequences from 1,448 nuclear DNA loci totaling almost 1 million bp from the extinct little bush moa, Chilean tinamou, and emu with available sequences from ostrich, elegant crested tinamou, four neognaths, and the green anole. Phylogenetic analysis using standard homogeneous models and heterogeneous models robust to common topological artifacts recovered compelling support for ratite paraphyly with the little bush moa closest to tinamous within ratites. Ratite paraphyly was further corroborated by eight independent CR1 retroposon insertions. Analysis of morphological characters reinterpreted on a 27-gene paleognath topology indicates that many characters are convergent in the ratites, probably as the result of adaptation to a cursorial life style.
The Treatment of Hypothermia
Authors: Harold L. Lazar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

The leading causes of accidental hypothermia in urban medical centers in the United States are exposure due to alcoholism, drug addiction, or mental illness and accidents involving immersion in cold water.1 Accidental hypothermia is classified as mild (body temperature, 32.2 to 35°C), moderate (temperature, 28 to <32.2°C), or severe (temperature, <28°C)2 and results in multiple systemic derangements that lead to decreased tissue oxygenation. These include depressed myocardial contractility, a shift in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the left, vasoconstriction, ventilation–perfusion mismatches, and increased blood viscosity. These disturbances lead to circulatory collapse, which results in lactic acidosis, hepatic and renal failure, . . .
MMP-3 and MMP-9 Gene Transfer Decrease Growth and Angiogenesis in Breast Cancer Xenografts <i>In Vivo.</i>
Authors: C. Bendrik, C. Dabrosin
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are largely implicated in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis due to their extracellular matrix (ECM) degrading capacities. Although MMP activity generally is discussed in terms of facilitating tumor invasion, MMP inhibition in clinical trials has failed. Moreover, increasing amounts of data show that MMPs may inhibit tumor progression by generation of potent anti-angiogenic factors such as endostatin from the tumoral stroma. We have previously shown that intratumoral gene transfer of MMP-9 induced tumor regression and reduced angiogenesis of breast cancer in vivo. If MMP activity induces tumor progression or regression may depend on type of MMP or expression levels of MMP in the tumor tissue. In this study we treated established breast cancers in nude mice with adenovirus vectors carrying the human genes of MMP-3 or MMP-9 in a dose response manner. Microdialysis was used to sample endostatin in situ and tumor growth was monitored for 35 days. Tumors in mice treated with low-dose of either MMP-3 or MMP-9 vectors exhibited tumor stasis throughout the experiment whereas high-dose gene transfer of either MMP-3 or MMP-9 induced significant tumor regression compared to controls treated with empty adenovirus vectors. The extracellular in vivo levels of endostatin were significantly increased in tumors treated with adenovirus carrying the MMP genes compared to controls. Tumors treated with high-dose MMP vectors also exhibited decreased microvessel area. Our results propose that increased expression of MMP-3 and MMP-9 have therapeutic effects of established breast cancer in a dose dependent manner where a slight increase of MMP expression results in tumor stasis and a high expression of either MMP-3 or MMP-9 by gene transfer results in a potent tumor regression. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4164.
Medical Writing: The Technic and the Art
Authors: Charles G. Roland
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Throughout this century, and before, efforts have been made to instruct physicians and scientists in ways to improve their professional writing. Instructors have lectured, conducted workshops, and written articles and books. If the results have been meager, it is not for want of champions. One of these has been Morris Fishbein. He first published this book in 1938; now it appears in the 4th edition, and continues to offer much practical advice in a wide variety of areas. In broad terms, the book provides guidance on the construction of the manuscript as a whole and also discusses the individual units of the manuscript. Thus there are useful chapters on construction, preparation, and revision of the manuscript (which, incidentally, are scattered through the book and might logically be brought together in one section). Additional chapters are addressed to such topics as spelling, capitalization, abbreviations, illustrations, and proofreading. Throughout, the assiduous reader
IgG4 antibodies in patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: A. GONDO, N. SAEKI, Y. TOKUDA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

The role of IgG4 in atopic dermatitis was investigated by determining the total amounts of IgG4 and of IgG4 specific for ovalbumin (a food allergen), Dermatophagoides farinae mite antigen and house dust (inhalant allergens) and Candida. These were related to the amounts of total and antigen specific IgE in patients with atopic dermatitis and normal healthy controls. Most patients with atopic dermatitis had greater amounts of total IgG4 and of antigen-specific IgG4 than did normal control individuals. Patients who had received hyposensitization treatment injections had greater amounts of IgG4 than the atopic dermatitis patients not so treated. In patients treated by hyposensitization there was a large increase in the amount of blocking antibody detected by incubating the antigen with the serum overnight before injecting the mixture into the skin of a patient sensitive to the antigen. Blocking activity was also examined by partial inhibition by the serum of IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation and by injection of serum into the skin of sensitive patients before challenge with antigens. In all tests the blocking activity of the serum was related to the amount of antigen-specific IgG4 but not related to total IgG4. In patients with atopic dermatitis who were sensitive to mite antigen, severe cases had small amounts of specific IgG4 and large amounts of specific IgE but in mild cases there was an opposite trend with relatively large amounts of specific IgG4. Large amounts of IgG4 ovalbumin specific antibody were found in children and adults with atopic dermatitis and egg allergy but small amounts of IgE. In infants most of the anti-ovalbumin antibody was IgE with little or no IgG4. The work of others has confirmed that increased amounts of total and antigen-specific IgG4 occur in atopic dermatitis, and it is concluded that IgG4 is a blocking antibody for anaphylactic sensitization responses.
Depression and outcome in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: J. Treasure, T. Treasure
Journal: BMJ (1987)

With regard to the comments of Dr R Ahmad and coworkers (7 February, p 372) it is interesting that their patients undergoing carpal tunnel release did not have arthropathy affecting large joints.This suggests that the carpal tunnel syndrome, though often seen in association with the arthro- pathy that affects large joints, may have a different pathogenesis.It is therefore perhaps not surprising that synovial iron deposits were rare in their patients.Amyloid deposits may be a factor in the carpal tunnel syndromes, and some patients with amyloidosis associated with plasma cell dyscrasias are known to develop this complication.
Pancreatic Duct Abrasion and Selective Aspiration of Secretion — Experiments in Dogs
Authors: S. Weidenhiller, M. Stolte, H. Koch, K. Schwamberger, H. Flügel
Journal: Endoscopy (1975)

To improve cytological diagnosis of pancreatic disorders a method was evaluated in nine dogs in which abrasive cytology on the pancreatic duct was combined with selective aspiration of pancreatic juice. For this purpose a small Fogarty catheter of 0.92 mm diameter was introduced into the pancreatic duct whereas the juice was aspirated through a normal cannulation tube pulled over the smaller catheter. After secretin injection the balloon was insufflated and pulled several times back and forth. This maneuver caused substantial desquamation of ductal epithelium which was collected from the balloon by simple smearing on a slide. The stimulated juice was also collected. The gained material, especially from the balloon, proved to be considerably superior to the conventional duodenal probe method. Histological examination of the dogs showed initially an almost complete loss of ductal epithelium which was completely replaced after three weeks. The method was also successfully applied in a small series of patients.
Management of chronic knee pain
Authors: Rob Herbert, Marlene Fransen
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Have a career or related problem that needs answering? Can9t find the right person to point you in the right direction? Log on to the Advice Zone for reliable medical careers advice. You can post a question or see if one of our 300 advisers has already answered a similar question. Here is a selection of questions and answers posted on the site. <b>www.bmjcareers.com/advicezone</b>
Role of SCN5A Y1102 Polymorphism in Sudden Cardiac Death in Blacks
Authors: Allen Burke, Wendy Creighton, Erik Mont, Ling Li, Susan Hogan, Robert Kutys, David Fowler, Renu Virmani
Journal: Circulation (2005)

The Y1102 polymorphism of the cardiac sodium channel (SCN5A) gene has been found in 13% of black Americans. It has been linked to lethal arrhythmias in black families with ventricular tachycardia. The prevalence of the Y1102 polymorphism in a series of sudden death in blacks is unknown.
ASCOT: a tale of two treatment regimens
Authors: Peter D Burrill
Journal: BMJ (2005)

EDITOR—McDougall et al discuss whether the small absolute differences in secondary outcomes seen in the ASCOT-BPLA study were attributable to the blood pressure differences achieved.1 They use the accompanying paper to argue that this was in fact not so.2

However, the editorial that accompanies the ASCOT-BPLA study severely criticises this post-hoc analysis and considers that the 2.7 mm Hg …
The Relationship Between Bone Lead and Hemoglobin
Authors: Howard Hu
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To determine whether the concentration of lead in bone constitutes a biological marker that is more sensitive for chronic toxicity than blood lead levels.Survey.A construction trade union with members who engage in carpentry, demolition, and other construction activities.Members of the construction trade union.We measured blood pressure, serum creatinine, hematocrit, and hemoglobin. We measured blood lead by anodic stripping voltametry and used a cadmium 109 K x-ray fluorescence instrument to make in vivo measurements of lead in the tibia (a heavily cortical bone) and the patella (a heavily trabecular bone). Information was also collected on medical history, smoking, and alcohol ingestion.Bone lead levels in the patella were found to be significantly correlated with a decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit, even after adjusting for age, blood lead, body mass index, cigarette smoking, and alcohol ingestion and removing outliers. Blood lead levels were low (mean = 0.40 mumol/L [8.3 micrograms/dL]) and were not correlated with either hemoglobin or hematocrit. In the final multivariate regression model that corrected for measurement error, an increase in patella bone lead level from the lowest to highest quintile in this study population (37 micrograms/g) was associated with a decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit of 11 g/L (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7 to 19.3 g/L) and 0.03 (95% CI, 0.01 to 0.05), respectively.We conclude that patella bone lead levels are associated with decreased hematocrit and hemoglobin levels despite the presence of low blood lead levels. This conclusion may reflect a subclinical effect of bone lead stores on hematopoiesis and is the first epidemiological evidence that bone lead may be an important biological marker of ongoing chronic toxicity.
Oral Contraception and Carcinoma
Authors: D. B. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1965)

It is possible that instead of causing genital cancer the progesterone ingredient in oral contraceptives protects against the development of genital cancer.  In the case of the endometrium for example estrogen alone can cause hyperplasia and cystic changes which are possible precursors of carcinoma.  This condition can be remedied by administration of progesterone and is avoided by women using oral contraceptives in whom the endometrium tends to have glandular and cystic changes.  The cytology of the cervix on the other hand is altered by oral contraceptives but even frequent examination has not yielded evidence that oral contraceptives are an etiologic factor in cancer of the cervix.  The cause of ovarian cancer is unknown but it would be difficult to associate it with oral contraceptive use.  Therefore users of oral contraceptives may be reassured but the occurrence of intermenstrual spotting should be carefully monitored nevertheless.
Chemosurgery for Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Joseph B. Moles
Journal: JAMA (1969)

A series of basal cell carcinomas was treated by chemosurgery, a technique of fixation in situ, followed by excision and microscopic examination of frozen sections of the tumor. This technique was applied to a group of basal cell carcinomas which other specialists preferred not to treat by more conventional methods. Because of the advantages of chemosurgery along with the short- and long-term results, we conclude that the method should be employed more widely.
Novartis was not in breach of code for "inventing" disease
Authors: H. Simmonds
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Ferriman's news item is incorrect on at least two counts.1

Firstly, it is not true to state that the authority had imposed no penalty on the company for issuing misleading literature. Novartis, like all companies ruled in breach of the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry's code of practice …
LYMPHADENOMA: ITS AETIOLOGY, AND ITS SKIN SKINE. LWSIONS*
Authors: E. C. WARNER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1944)

Journal Article LYMPHADENOMA: ITS AETIOLOGY, AND ITS SKIN SKINE. LWSIONS Get access E. C. WARNER, M.D. E. C. WARNER, M.D. Physician to Charing Cross Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 56, Issue 5-6, 1 May 1944, Pages 129–135, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1944.tb10834.x Published: 01 May 1944