tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 524: Cyclooxygenase pathway in ovarian cancer.
Authors: Gautam G. Rao, Tyler Kochel, Namita Kundu, Jocelyn Reader, Amy Fulton
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Objectives: To examine the role of the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway in ovarian cancer. Cyclooxygenases, specifically COX1 and COX2, are frequently overexpressed in malignancies and lead to the synthesis of prostaglandins. A particularly important prostaglandin, PGE2 is exported from the cell into the extracellular milieu by the multi-drug resistance protein 4 (MRP4) transporter where it acts in a paracrine and autocrine manner by activating a family of G-protein coupled receptors (EP1-4). PGE2 is transported into the cell by the prostaglandin transporter (PGT) and catabolized by 15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH). It has been previously shown that COX1, rather than COX2, is overexpressed in ovarian cancer. Little is known about the role of other members of this pathway, including EP receptors, PGT, MRP4, and 15-PGDH, in this disease. Methods: HOSE (benign immortalized ovarian epithelial cells) and two ovarian cancer cell lines, SKOV3 and OVCAR3, were grown under standard conditions. Cells were harvested and RNA and protein were isolated. Quantitative RT-PCR was done using the SYBR Green protocol to examine the expression of members of the cyclooxygenase pathway and expressed relative to HOSE cells. Results: In both ovarian cancer cell lines relative to HOSE, expression of COX2, PGT, EP4, and EP1 was decreased. In SKOV3 cells, COX1 and 15-PGDH expression was decreased but MRP4 levels were comparable to levels detected in HOSE cells. In OVCAR3 cells, COX1 and 15-PGDH expression levels were increased and MRP4 was decreased relative to HOSE cells. PGE2 levels in media will be measured to determine the net effect of these changes. Protein levels of the members of the cyclooxygenase pathway will be determined by western blot. Conclusions: It is clear that several members of the cyclooxygenase pathway are expressed differently in malignant versus normal ovarian cells. Studies in progress will determine the functional significance of these differences. Citation Format: Gautam G. Rao, Tyler Kochel, Namita Kundu, Jocelyn Reader, Amy Fulton. Cyclooxygenase pathway in ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 524. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-524
Renal nitric oxide production during the early phase of experimental diabetes mellitus
Authors: Shoshana Keynan, Boaz Hirshberg, Nomy Levin-Iaina, Isaiah D. Wexler, Rachel Dahan, Etty Reinhartz, Haim Ovadia, Yoram Wollman, Tamara Chernihovskey, Adrian Iaina, Itamar Raz
Journal: Kidney International (2000)
Management of Neurological Disorders
Authors: B Sadzot
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Ed C M Wiles BMJ Publishing Group, pounds sterling22.95, pp 341 ISBN 0 7279 0903 7

As indicated in the editor's introduction, this book is a compilation of commissioned articles, many of which have been published recently in the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. As a matter of fact, I soon realised that several of them were already in my personal library, which is an …
548. Cellular Defense Response in Transduced and Transfected Human Tumor and Primary Cell Lines
Authors: Riikka Pellinen, Outi Rautsi, Saara Lehmusvaara, Sillanpää Maarit, Hakkarainen Tanja, Vähäkangas Elisa, Ylä-herttuala Seppo, Hinkkanen Ari, Julkunen Ilkka, Wahlfors Jarmo
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The first barrier that therapeutic gene transfer confronts is the target cells' early line of defense, the type I IFN response. Often therapeutic genes are delivered with viral vectors that are in many ways superior to their non- viral counterparts. However, non- viral gene delivery methods are actively developed due to their better safety features. We have studied the type I IFN response induced by various gene transfer methods in human tumor and primary cell lines. The IFN response was evaluated by analyzing IFN stimulated MxA protein accumulation and relative IFNb mRNA levels in cells transduced with viral gene transfer vehicles (alphavirus, adenovirus, CRAd, AAV, and lentivirus, or transfected by naked DNA with different methods (CaPO4 co-precipitation and transfection reagents) or different types of naked RNA (total, messenger, alphaviral replicon, in vitro synthesized mRNA and siRNA). Of the viral vectors, SFV A7 was the only one able to induce accumulation of MxA protein and IFNb mRNA in human cancer cells, whereas all other vectors escaped the response. Surprisingly, we observed that plasmid DNA complexed with CaPO4 caused MxA protein accumulation, but did not affect the IFNb mRNA level. Also, transfection with certain transfection reagents lead to induction of type I IFN response. Both expression- and non- expression plasmid vectors lead to MxA accumulation, confirming the fact that the induction was due to transfection itself, not the transgene expression in the tumor cells. Also, when we studied MxA accumulation as a response to RNA transfection, we found that in addition to dsRNA (total RNA), also ssRNA (mRNA, replicating viral RNA and in vitro synthesized mRNA) lead to accumulation of MxA protein and IFNb mRNA. siRNA targeted against GFP did not cause accumulation of MxA in human tumor cells. The mentioned transfection methods were also able to induce distinct patterns of MxA response in human primary cell lines HUVEC and NHDF. Our results demonstrate that host cell innate immune responses can be strong barriers against efficient therapeutic gene transfer. A careful survey of these responses should therefore be conducted when gene delivery method for given application is chosen. Despite safety advantages of non-viral gene delivery, they may induce responses that are not counteracted by the viral vector and loss of efficiency is likely to occur. Therefore, the viral components for overcoming cellular defence mechanisms are potential additions to current non-viral gene transfer methods.
285 HYPOXIA – INDUCED MIGRATION OF HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS AND BONE MARROW – DERIVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS INVOLVES COMMON REDOX MECHANISMS
Authors: E. Novo, L. Valfrèdi Bonzo, C. Busletta, D. Povero, C. Paternostro, S. Cannito, K. Mareschi, D. Rustichelli, S. Colombatto, F. Fagioli, F. Marra, M. Pinzani, M. Parola
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Interaction between disopyramide and practolol.
Authors: A D Cumming, C Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1979)

been because HBsAg was not present in the infected trainee's saliva at the time of the CPR class or because the infectivity of the saliva was low.Probably HBsAg was present in his saliva.It usually appears in the blood several weeks before the onset of clinical signs and symptoms.He developed jaundice eight days after the class.Infectivity may be related to the amount of virus present and the mode of transmission.The infectivity of a secretion cannot be determined by the presence of HBsAg, since most of this antigen is associated with subviral particles or defective viral particles.4The titre of HBsAg is lower in saliva than in the corresponding serum.;Bancroft et al1 found that gibbons could be infected by subcutaneous but not by intranasal or intraoral administration of the same HBsAg-positive saliva inoculum, showing the importance of the mode of transmission.The cleaning of our manikin heads between use was inadequate to decontaminate for hepatitis B virus.Thus the trainees probably had the maximum exposure that might occur in CFR training.We there- fore believe that viral hepatitis type B is unlikely to be transmitted from oral contact with CPR training manikins or other fomites.Mandatory testing of all individuals for HBsAg before CPR training is unwarranted.
Clinical Trials in the Elderly — A Concept Comes of Age
Authors: Lillian L. Siu
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

A well-conducted, randomized, controlled trial provides a high level of evidence to guide clinical management. Although this tenet is accepted in all fields of medicine, including oncology, considerable challenges are associated with conducting randomized, controlled trials successfully in special patient populations such as the elderly. In this issue of the Journal, Keime-Guibert et al.1 describe their multi-institutional trial of radiotherapy for newly diagnosed glioblastoma in patients 70 years of age or older.Over a period of 4 years, Keime-Guibert and colleagues randomly assigned 85 elderly patients from 10 centers to receive radiotherapy plus supportive care or supportive care alone. The . . .
EARLY SYMPTOMS AND DIAGNOSIS OF TUBERCULAR JOINT DISEASES.Read in the Section on Surgery and Anatomy, at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: A. B. JUDSON
Journal: JAMA (1894)

In writing on  subject proposed by our honored chairman I have limited my paper to  consideration of Pott's disease of  spine and hip disease. These affections present many difficulties, especially in  early diagnosis. In diseases of  other joints  same principles and methods of examination hold good and diagnosis is easier because  bones lie nearer  surface.  POTT'S DISEASE OF THE SPINE.   most important symptom of Pott's disease of  spine is pain in  stomach. Two lines which should find a place in thevade mecumof every physician are: The pain of spine disease is in  stomach, and the pain of hip disease is in  knee. No prescription for recurring colic should be written, unless it is preceded or presently followed by a careful questioning of  health of  spinal column.  inspection thus prompted may reveal a projection
TCT-64 Coil Embolization for Septal Ablation in Patients with Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy. Long-Term Results
Authors: Israel Guerrero Mantilla, Shehzad Sami, Sangbum Choi, Srujal.V. Patel, Prakash Balan, Richard Smalling, Ali E. Denktas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Butyrate enema therapy stimulates mucosal repair in experimental colitis in the rat.
Authors: J D Butzner, R Parmar, C J Bell, V Dalal
Journal: Gut (1996)

The short chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate provides energy for colonocytes, stimulates colonic fluid and electrolyte absorption and is recognised as an effective treatment for multiple types of colitis.To examine the impact of butyrate enema therapy on the clinical course, severity of inflammation, and SCFA stimulated Na+ absorption in a chronic experimental colitis.Distal colitis was induced in rats with a trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) enema. Five days after induction, rats were divided into groups to receive: no treatment, saline enemas, or 100 mM Na-butyrate enemas daily. On day 24, colonic damage score and tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were evaluated. Colon was mounted in Ussing chambers and Na+ transport and electrical activities were measured during a basal period and after stimulation with 25 mM butyrate.In the untreated and the saline enema treated TNBS groups, diarrhoea and extensive colonic damage were seen, associated with increased tissue MPO activities and absent butyrate stimulated Na+ absorption. In contrast, in the butyrate enema treated TNBS group, diarrhoea ceased, colonic damage score improved, and tissue MPO activity as well as butyrate stimulated Na+ absorption recovered to control values.Butyrate enema therapy stimulated colonic repair, as evidenced by clinical recovery, decreased inflammation, and restoration of SCFA stimulated electrolyte absorption.
Residencies and the Foreign Medical Problem
Authors: William Abramovits
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  As a foreign medical graduate in a residency program in the United States, I found your editorial, Residency Training (228:1578, 1974) very distressing.  I think I am capable of analyzing from a different point of view the vexing situation created by the immigration of foreign medical graduates to the United States. I would like to pose some ideas on how to solve the growing imbalance in the distribution and subspecialties caused by the stay in the United States of ninety percent of foreign physicians after completing their residency training.  Measures that may be attempted to correct this situation will probably directly affect those who come to the United States to obtain a better training than is available in their own countries and who plan to return and use that added knowledge for the betterment of health in their native countries.  These physicians do not affect residency problems;
Effect of intravertebral angiotensin II on cardiac output and its distribution in conscious dogs.
Authors: E W Quillen, I A Reid
Journal: Circulation Research (1988)

Intravertebral infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II) increases mean arterial pressure (MAP), but the contribution of cardiac output (CO) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) to this increase is unclear. In the present study, the effects of Ang II infusion on CO and regional blood flow was determined by the microsphere technique in eight conscious, chronically catheterized dogs. Ang II was infused into both vertebral arteries at 0.33 and 1.0 ng/kg/min, and intravenously at 0.66, 2.0 and 5.0 ng/kg/min. Intravertebral infusion of Ang II at 0.33 ng/kg/min increased MAP by increasing CO without changing TPR or peripheral plasma Ang II concentration. MAP also was increased with intravertebral infusion of Ang II at 1.0 ng/kg/min, but this resulted from small increases in both CO and TPR. In contrast, intravenous infusion of Ang II at 2.0 and 5.0 ng/kg/min increased MAP by increasing TPR in association with a decrease in CO. The increase in CO with intravertebral infusion of Ang II at 0.33 ng/kg/min was distributed primarily to the muscles, kidneys, heart, and brain. Intravenous infusion of Ang II at 5.0 ng/kg/min and, to a lesser extent, 2.0 ng/kg/min decreased blood flow to the skin, splanchnic region, and kidneys. These data indicate that the increase in MAP produced by a low intravertebral dose of Ang II results from an increase in CO, which is distributed primarily to the muscle, kidney, heart, and brain. In contrast, the increase in MAP produced by a higher intravertebral dose of Ang II results from increases in CO and TPR. This latter action is apparently due to a peripheral action of Ang II to increase resistance in the skin, splanchnic, and renal circulations.
Neonatal Uriniferous Perirenal Pseudocyst: Image Correlation
Authors: JOHN R. STY, ROBERT J. STARSHAK, MARY M. KENNEDY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

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Mouse Model of Desmin-Related Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Xuejun Wang, Hanna Osinska, Gerald W. Dorn, Michelle Nieman, John N. Lorenz, A. Martin Gerdes, Sandra Witt, Thomas Kimball, James Gulick, Jeffrey Robbins
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —The consequence of upregulation of desmin in the heart is unknown. Mutations in desmin have been linked to desmin-related myopathy (DRM), which is characterized by abnormal intrasarcoplasmic accumulation of desmin, but direct causative evidence that a desmin mutation leads to aberrant intrasarcoplasmic desmin accumulation, aggregation, and cardiomyopathy is lacking. Methods and Results —Multiple transgenic mouse lines that expressed either murine wild-type desmin or a 7–amino acid deletion (R173 through E179) desmin (D7-des) mutation linked to DRM were made. The distribution of desmin protein was unchanged, and no overt phenotype was detected in the wild-type desmin transgenic mice. In contrast, the D7-des mouse heart showed aberrant intrasarcoplasmic and electron-dense granular filamentous aggregates that were desmin-positive and characteristic of human DRM. The desmin filament network was significantly disrupted, and myofibril alignment was visibly compromised. Although systolic function at the whole-organ level was substantially conserved in the young adult animals, the ability of the heart to respond to β-agonist stimulation, as measured in the intact animal, was significantly blunted. Conclusions —Upregulation of desmin protein at moderate levels is not detrimental. However, the D7-des mutation is dominant negative, and expression of the mutant protein leads to the appearance of aggregates that are characteristic of and diagnostic for human desmin-related cardiomyopathy.
A Systematic Quantitative Analysis of the Literature of the High Variability in Ginseng (<i>Panax</i> spp.)
Authors: John L. Sievenpiper, John T. Arnason, Edward Vidgen, Lawrence A. Leiter, Vladimir Vuksan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Herbs have experienced an unprecedented surge in popularity (1). This has occurred in the absence of adequate safety and efficacy evidence, prompting calls for rigorous clinical assessments (2). Complicating these assessments is compositional variability. This is a concern with one of the most popular herbs, ginseng (3). The principal reference components, to which pharmacological effects have been attributed, are its ginsenosides (steroidal glycosides). We undertook a systematic quantitative analysis of the literature to assess the coefficient of variation (CV) in ginsenosides across species, assay technique, and ginsenoside type.

The PubMed (1966-present), EMBASE (1980-present), HealthSTAR (1975-present), Cochrane library (issue 2, 2002), and AGRICOLA (1979-present) databases were searched using “ginsenosides AND (chromatography OR HPLC OR HPTLC OR TLC OR LC OR DCC OR GC OR ELISA OR UV OR MS OR NMR OR ELSD)”. One-hundred eleven articles were identified. Two reviewers applied three inclusion criteria: publication quality: peer-reviewed; end point: quantitative ginsenoside concentrations; and ginseng …
A MEMORABLE PATIENT
Authors: K.-M. Mueller
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Background: Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) is widely used for regeneration therapy in dental clinical situations, but the mechanism of EMD bioactivity remains obscure. To clarify this mechanism, we focused on the formation of connective tissue and blood vessels. The aim of this study was to confirm whether EMD induces the formation of connective tissue and blood vessels by using the diffusion chamber (DC) technique. Materials and Methods: Individual DCs containing EMD (DC-EMD) or propylene glycol alginate (PGA) were implanted subcutaneously in rat dorsum. At 4 weeks after the implantation, histological analysis of DCs was performed using azan staining. Results: DC-EMD induced the formation of much larger amounts of connective tissue containing abundant blood vessels than did DC-PGA. Conclusion: The results indicated that EMD can induce the formation of both connective tissue and blood vessels. This bioactivity may contribute to the mechanism whereby EMD induces tissue regeneration.
Role of automatic staplers in the aetiology of bronchopleural fistula.
Authors: M Hakim, B B Milstein
Journal: Thorax (1985)

The incidence of bronchopleural fistula in 130 patients who had pneumonectomies has been reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups according to the type of automatic stapler used to close the bronchus. From January 1979 to February 1982 the parallel jaw stapler (TA-55) was used in 71 patients (group 1). The new hinged jaw stapler (Premium TA-55) was used in 59 patients from March 1982 to April 1984 (group 2). The incidence of bronchopleural fistula was 4.2% in group 1 and 15.2% in group 2 (p less than 0.05). The two staplers were tested on a cadaveric bronchial preparation. Radiographs were subsequently taken of the stapled segments. These showed that with the Premium TA-55 closure of staples was not uniform, being incomplete near the hinge unlike the old style TA stapler, which achieves complete and uniform closure of the staples. It is concluded that this undoubtedly contributes to the significantly higher incidence of bronchopleural fistula, and that the new hinged jaw stapler in its present design is not recommended for use during pneumonectomy.
Soft tissue sarcomas in adults
Authors: C. P. Karakousis, R. P. Perez
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1994)

Soft tissue sarcomas are relatively rare in adults, accounting for less than one percent of newly diagnosed cancers in the United States each year. However, increased physician awareness of these tumors may lead to earlier diagnosis and improved results. The five-year survival rate has been increasing, and treatment using a combination of modalities has significantly reduced the number of amputations performed. This article reviews the clinical presentation, diagnosis, pathology, and treatment of soft tissue sarcomas in adults.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha/cachectin is a growth factor for thymocytes. Synergistic interactions with other cytokines.
Authors: G E Ranges, A Zlotnik, T Espevik, C A Dinarello, A Cerami, M A Palladino
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Recombinant murine (rm) TNF-alpha but not recombinant human (rh) TNF-alpha induces the proliferation of murine thymocytes in the presence of a comitogenic stimulus. This effect does not appear to be due to the production of significant levels of IL-1, IL-2, or IL-4. although not directly mitogenic (i.e., in the absence of PHA-P) for thymocytes, rmTNF-alpha amplifies the direct mitogenic signals from hIL-1 and rhIL-2 but not rmIL-4. In the presence of PHA-P, thymocytes stimulated with hIL-1, rhIL-2, and rmIL-4 produced significant amounts of TNF-alpha. Although rhTNF-alpha does not induce a proliferative response, it will competitively inhibit the proliferative response of thymocytes to rmTNF-alpha. These data suggest a critical role for TNF-alpha in the intrathymic proliferation of developing T cells.