tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Does Glycemic Control of Type II Diabetes Suffice to Control Diabetic Dyslipidemia?: A Community Perspective
Authors: Michael P Stern, Braxton D Mitchell, Steven M Haffner, Helen P Hazuda
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Objective –To assess the extent to which glycemic control by itself results in satisfactory control of diabetic dyslipidemia. Research Design and Methods A population-based case series consisting of 386 Mexican Americans and 94 non-Hispanic whites with non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetes was studied. All subjects answered questions about their medical history and care received and underwent a standardized oral glucose tolerance test and measurements of fasting serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. Three definitions of dyslipidemia were used: total cholesterol &amp;gt;6.20 mM (240 mg/dl), triglyceride &amp;gt;2.82 mM (250 mg/dl), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol &amp;lt;0.90 mM (35 mg/dl). Resulrs Despite having removed subjects receiving lipid-lowering drugs, diabetic subjects who had been previously diagnosed and were under medical care exhibited a lower prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia than those who were newly diagnosed at the time of their survey visit, suggesting that conventional management was associated with a reduced frequency of this dyslipidemia. Among previously diagnosed cases, the prevalence of dyslipidemia rose with worsening glycemic control but there was little association with type of therapy (diet only, oral agents, or insulin) or frequency of physician visits. In general, the prevalence of dyslipidemia in diabetic subjects remained higher than in nondiabetic subjects, despite hypoglycemic therapy. Conclusions The results suggest that glycemic control by itself does not suffice to control diabetic dyslipidemia and that significant numbers of diabetic subjects will need direct lipid management. Clinical trials are urgently needed to define the optimum management strategy for diabetic dyslipidemia.
"APPLIED EPIDEMIOLOGY IN A GENERAL HOSPITAL"
Authors: Lionel S. Auster
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I have read with considerable interest the article by Dr. M. E. Barnes entitled "Applied Epidemiology in a General Hospital" inThe Journal, Nov. 23, 1940, page 1757. Anticipating Dr. Barnes's ideas, the Bronx Hospital in New York has had an epidemiologist since December 1933. The pioneer work in this field was done at this institution and has proved a most valuable asset. For details concerning the general subject of the hospital epidemiologist I respectfully refer the reader to:
Endothelial Heparan Sulfate Controls Chemokine Presentation in Recruitment of Lymphocytes and Dendritic Cells to Lymph Nodes
Authors: Xingfeng Bao, E. Ashley Moseman, Hideo Saito, Bronislawa Petryanik, Aude Thiriot, Shingo Hatakeyama, Yuki Ito, Hiroto Kawashima, Yu Yamaguchi, John B. Lowe, Ulrich H. von Andrian, Minoru Fukuda
Journal: Immunity (2010)
Variable non-linearity in end systolic pressure-volume relationships results from interaction between end diastolic and developed pressure-volume relations
Authors: W. P Santamore, J T. Peterson, W. E Johnston, J. Vinten-Johansen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Journal Article Variable non-linearity in end systolic pressure-volume relationships results from interaction between end diastolic and developed pressure-volume relations Get access William P Santamore, William P Santamore Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J Thomas Peterson, J Thomas Peterson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William E Johnston, William E Johnston Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jakob Vinten-Johansen Jakob Vinten-Johansen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 25, Issue 1, January 1991, Pages 36–41, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/25.1.36 Published: 01 January 1991 Article history Received: 29 January 1990 Accepted: 01 August 1990 Published: 01 January 1991
Diastematomyelia and Acquired Clubfoot Deformity
Authors: Clyde W. Dawson
Journal: JAMA (1961)

In the 2 cases of diastematomyelia here reported the congenital anomalies of the vertebrae and spinal cord were associated with progressive impairment of gait, so that both children had obvious clubfoot deformity by the age of 10 years. In the first patient, a girl, surgery combined with prolonged conservative care ultimately restored a normal gait. In the second, a boy, the abnormalities were more extensive and included some urinary dysfunction; the 2 surgical procedures here described did not improve the spinal findings but gave a satisfactory improvement in gait. Early recognition of dysraphia offers hope of preventing irreversible neurological damage, especially the development of clubfoot.
Systems Scale Interactive Exploration Reveals Quantitative and Qualitative Differences in Response to Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccines
Authors: Gerlinde Obermoser, Scott Presnell, Kelly Domico, Hui Xu, Yuanyuan Wang, Esperanza Anguiano, LuAnn Thompson-Snipes, Rajaram Ranganathan, Brad Zeitner, Anna Bjork, David Anderson, Cate Speake, Emily Ruchaud, Jason Skinner, Laia Alsina, Mamta Sharma, Helene Dutartre, Alma Cepika, Elisabeth Israelsson, Phuong Nguyen, Quynh-Anh Nguyen, A. Carson Harrod, Sandra M. Zurawski, Virginia Pascual, Hideki Ueno, Gerald T. Nepom, Charlie Quinn, Derek Blankenship, Karolina Palucka, Jacques Banchereau, Damien Chaussabel
Journal: Immunity (2013)
Life Insurance Companies Reduce Fees.
Authors: W. W. Vinnedge
Journal: JAMA (1895)

La Fayette, Ind., Oct. 13, 1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —... Both the Equitable and the New York Life Insurance Companies have lately adopted the graded scale of fees to local medical examiners, thus: For three thousand dollars or less of insurance . . . $3. For from three to twenty-five thousand. . . . . . . 5. To be brief and plain, I inclose the blank just received from the New York Life Insurance Company; it explains itself. By the examination of the books of one of our oldest and most reliable life insurance agents in La Fayette, I find that nine out of ten applications for policies are for a less sum than $3,000 insurance showing that this graded scale of fees means a cut of about 40 per cent, from old and established rates. I do not believe that the doctors throughout the country appreciate this, and I wish most earnestly that you would write one of
Skin Bacteria and Skin Disinfection Reconsidered
Authors: S. Selwyn, H. Ellis
Journal: BMJ (1972)

Large discrepancies in the available data on skin microbiology stimulated investigations of the number, interactions, and location of commensals and the true efficiency of disinfection by using skin biopsy, culture of frozen sections, and other methods.Most current procedures were less than 0.5% as sensitive as the biopsy method described. This gave mean bacterial counts ranging from 4,400/cm(2) on the breast to 400,000/cm(2) in the axillae. An iodine preparation removed 95% of accessible organisms, but about 20% of bacteria were protected by follicles, crevices, and lipids. Commensals in over 20% of people produced antibiotics against a wide range of pathogens. Conversely, "satellitism" was demonstrable in 12% of people.
UN warns of dangers of drugs sold on internet
Authors: Jane Burgermeister
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The illegal sale over the internet of drugs and medicines without a valid prescription is posing an increasing risk to people's health, the UN drugs watchdog has warned.

In its annual report the Vienna based International Narcotics Control Board urged governments to do more to tackle the threat posed to people's health by the escalating trade in drugs over the internet. The report said that websites were offering popular drugs, such as sildenafil (Viagra) and tamoxifen, without a valid prescription.

Other sites offered psychotropic or mood changing substances, such …
Efficacy and safety of the interleukin‐1 antagonist rilonacept in <scp>S</scp>chnitzler syndrome: an open‐label study
Authors: K. Krause, K. Weller, R. Stefaniak, H. Wittkowski, S. Altrichter, F. Siebenhaar, T. Zuberbier, M. Maurer
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background S chnitzler syndrome (SchS) is a rare disease with suspected autoinflammatory background that shares several clinical symptoms, including urticarial rash, fever episodes, arthralgia, and bone and muscle pain with cryopyrin‐associated periodic syndromes ( CAPS ). Cryopyrin‐associated periodic syndromes respond to treatment with interleukin‐1 antagonists, and single case reports of S chnitzler syndrome have shown improvement following treatment with the interleukin‐1 blocker anakinra. This study evaluated the effects of the interleukin‐1 antagonist rilonacept on the clinical signs and symptoms of SchS. Methods Eight patients with SchS were included in this prospective, single‐center, open‐label study. After a 3‐week baseline, patients received a subcutaneous loading dose of rilonacept 320 mg followed by weekly subcutaneous doses of 160 mg for up to 1 year. Efficacy was determined by patient‐based daily health assessment forms, physician's global assessment (PGA), and measurement of inflammatory markers including C‐reactive protein ( CRP ), serum amyloid A ( SAA ), and S100 calcium‐binding protein A12 (S100A12). Results Treatment with rilonacept resulted in a rapid clinical response as demonstrated by significant reductions in daily health assessment scores and PGA scores compared with baseline levels ( P &lt; 0.05). These effects, which were accompanied by reductions in CRP and SAA , continued over the treatment duration. Rilonacept treatment was well tolerated. There were no treatment‐related severe adverse events and no clinically significant changes in laboratory safety parameters. Conclusion Rilonacept was effective and well tolerated in patients with SchS and may represent a promising potential therapeutic option ( NCT 01045772 [ ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier]; Eudra CT #2006‐004290‐97).
Oxygen metabolites stimulate release of high-molecular-weight glycoconjugates by cell and organ cultures of rodent respiratory epithelium via an arachidonic acid-dependent mechanism.
Authors: K B Adler, W J Holden-Stauffer, J E Repine
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Several common pulmonary disorders characterized by mucus hypersecretion and airway obstruction may relate to increased levels of inhaled or endogenously generated oxidants (O2 metabolites) in the respiratory tract. We found that O2 metabolites stimulated release of high-molecular-weight glycoconjugates (HMG) by respiratory epithelial cells in vitro through a mechanism involving cyclooxygenase metabolism of arachidonic acid. Noncytolytic concentrations of chemically generated O2 metabolites (purine + xanthine oxidase) stimulated HMG release by cell and explant cultures of rodent airway epithelium, an effect which is inhibitable by coaddition of specific O2 metabolite scavengers or inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism. Addition of O2 metabolites to epithelial cells provoked production of PGF2a, an effect also inhibitable by coaddition of O2 metabolite scavengers or inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism. Finally, addition of exogenous PGF2a to cell cultures stimulated HMG release. We conclude that O2 metabolites increase release of respiratory HMG through a mechanism involving cyclooxygenase metabolism of arachidonic acid with production mainly of PGF2a. This mechanism may be fundamental to the pathogenesis of a variety of lung diseases associated with hypersecretion of mucus and/or other epithelial fluids, as well as a basic cellular response to increased oxidants.
Biotechnological approach for systemic delivery of membrane Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand (RANKL) active domain into the circulation
Authors: Alfredo Cappariello, Riccardo Paone, Antonio Maurizi, Mattia Capulli, Nadia Rucci, Maurizio Muraca, Anna Teti
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)

Deficiency of Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand (RANKL) prevents osteoclast formation causing osteopetrosis. RANKL is a membrane-bound protein cleaved into active soluble (s)RANKL by metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14). We created a bio-device that harbors primary osteoblasts, cultured on 3D hydroxyapatite scaffolds carrying immobilized MMP14 catalytic domain. Scaffolds were sealed in diffusion chambers and implanted in RANKL-deficient mice. Mice received 1 or 2 diffusion chambers, once or twice and were sacrificed after 1 or 2 months from implants. A progressive increase of body weight was observed in the implanted groups. Histological sections of tibias of non-implanted mice were negative for the osteoclast marker Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAcP), consistent with the lack of osteoclasts. In contrast, tibias excised from implanted mice showed TRAcP-positive cells in the bone marrow and on the bone surface, these latter morphologically similar to mature osteoclasts. In mice implanted with 4 diffusion chambers total, we noted the highest number and size of TRAcP-positive cells, with quantifiable eroded bone surface and significant reduction of trabecular bone volume. These data demonstrate that our bio-device delivers effective sRANKL, inducing osteoclastogenesis in RANKL-deficient mice, supporting the feasibility of an innovative experimental strategy to treat systemic cytokine deficiencies.
Factor VIII: Structure and function in blood clotting
Authors: Stephen I. Chavin
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1984)

Abstract Factor VIII (antihemophilic factor) is the protein that is deficient or defective in patients with classical hemophilia and Von Willebrand syndrome. Factor VIII in plasma is thought to be associated in a complex with the highest molecular weight multimers of another glycoprotein, Von Willebrand protein. Highly purified human factor VIII appears to have an M r of between 200, 000 and 300,000 and to consist of several polypeptide chains. The concentration of factor VIII in plasma is around 100‐200 ng/ml, equivalent to around 1 nM. The purified proteins retain one or more of the known properties of factor VIII, including the acceleration of factor IX a ‐mediated activation of factor X, ability to be activated by thrombin and factor X a , inactivation by activated protein C, and by human antibodies to factor VIII. Among the known clotting factors, factors VIII and V are exceptional in not possessing enzymatic activity. Factors IX 3 and VIII and X appear to form a functional complex, all of which need to be present and active simultaneously for optimal activation of factor X. The mechanism by which factor VIII promotes activation of factor X by factor IX a is not known, but the major effect is to increase the rate of the reaction. Following treatment of factor VIII with thrombin, a new and smaller polypeptide M r around 70,000 ± 5,000 is produced. Factors IX a and X a also have been reported to activate factor VIII. It is not known whether limited proteolytic cleavage is required absolutely for the expression of factor VIII activity or if it only increases an activity already expressed by the uncleaved protein. Factor VIII is inactivatd by thrombin and by activated protein C. Thus, factor VIII can be modulated by at least four of the serine proteases in the clotting system. A major goal for future research is to increase our understanding of the role in blood clotting played by factor VIII, and to apply this information to clinical problems which result from inherited abnormalities of factor VIII.
Why newspapers cannot ignore maverick claims
Authors: J. Laurance
Journal: BMJ (2004)

But journalists are more critical than some scientists make out 

What are newspapers for? Why do people buy them? It would have been helpful if the Royal Society had paused to consider these questions before issuing its ill judged appeal last week to newspaper editors to curb their coverage of claims by maverick scientists.

Its open letter on cloning was prompted by newspaper headlines of Panos Zavos's claims to have transferred the first cloned human embryo into a woman's womb. As the letter pointed out, this is not the first cloning claim and it will not be the last. The Italian specialist Severino Antinori and the Raelian cult have made similar claims in the past, raising the hopes of infertile couples and giving the impression that fertility specialists are engaged in a race to create the first human clone.

The Royal Society's letter concluded with an appeal to editors to consider waiting in future “until real evidence appears before providing these individuals with such a prominent platform.” But what is “real” evidence? And what should be the media's role in assessing it? In a comment on the open letter, one of its signatories, Professor Chris Higgins, director of …
Physicians and Patient Spirituality
Authors: Fritz Baumgartner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Letters15 April 2003Physicians and Patient SpiritualityFritz Baumgartner, MDFritz Baumgartner, MDHarbor/UCLA Medical Center; Torrance, CA 90509 (Baumgartner)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-138-8-200304150-00034 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I was astonished by Dr. Graner's suggestion that it is inappropriate for religious icons to hang in individual physicians' offices and clearly inexcusable to mention the word heaven to a sick child's mother (1). Dr. Graner's premise is that a physician's office space is a site of medical care, representing a segment of the secular, public space (2), and reference to religion should be avoided because the office is not uniquely personal (3).Ironically, the very same Annals issue in which Dr. Graner's most recent letter appeared included an article titled Do Ask, Do Tell, which was ...References1. Graner J. Physicians and patient spirituality [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:748-9. [PMID: 11074919] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Graner J. Physicians and patient spirituality [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 2001;135:220. LinkGoogle Scholar3. Graner J. Physicians and patient spirituality [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:372. LinkGoogle Scholar4. Potter JE. Do ask, do tell. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:341-3. [PMID: 12204018] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Harbor/UCLA Medical Center; Torrance, CA 90509 (Baumgartner) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPhysicians and Patient Spirituality John Graner Physicians and Patient Spirituality John Graner Do Ask, Do Tell Jennifer E. Potter Physicians and Patient Spirituality Susan B. LeGrand Physicians and Patient Spirituality John Graner Physicians and Patient Spirituality John Graner Do Ask, Do Tell Jennifer E. Potter Physicians and Patient Spirituality John Graner Metrics 15 April 2003Volume 138, Issue 8Page: 690-691KeywordsDisclosureForecastingHabitsHomosexualityHomosexualsHuman sexual behaviorPharynxSurgery ePublished: 15 April 2003 Issue Published: 15 April 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Royal Berkshire Hospital: Case of cellulo-membranous abscess of the knee, with ulceration of the articular cartilage
Authors: F. A. Bulley
Journal: BMJ (1841)

ROYAL BERKSHIRE HOSPITAL, ring; I then passed a narrow-bladed bistoury througlh this fold into the orifice of the canal, above and to the inner side of the cord, wlhich an assistant drew outwards.Into the opening thus made I passed a small convex myotome with a round blunt point, and introduced the whole blade (about 10 lines long) into the canal; my next step was to make several incisions obliquely from be- hind forwards, and from within outwards, to the depth of four or five lines, having previously as- certained by the touch the exact situation of the cord; I now turned the blade of the instrumelt, and divided, above and below, the tendinous cords formed by the two divisions of the ligament of
Chronic Obstructive Lung Diseases and Risk of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer in Women
Authors: Ann G. Schwartz, Michele L. Cote, Angela S. Wenzlaff, Alison Van Dyke, Wei Chen, John C. Ruckdeschel, Shirish Gadgeel, Ayman O. Soubani
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
P209 The clinical utility of pleural lymphocyte subset analysis in undiagnosed effusions: Abstract P209 Table 1.
Authors: R Bhatnagar, AO Clive, N Zahan-Evans, AJ Morley, PF Virgo, ARL Medford, JE Harvey, CE Hooper, SH Otton, M Brett, NA Maskell
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Blood and tissue lymphocyte subsets (LS) analysis are routinely used in the diagnosis of a number of haematological conditions. Samples cost £25 to process and are technically labour intensive. The 2010 BTS pleural guidelines suggest LS may be useful in cases of suspected lymphoma, but there is no evidence supporting their utility or position in pleural diagnostic algorithms. <h3>Methods</h3> Using a prospectively-maintained database of all undiagnosed pleural effusions, we analysed patients presenting to our service from 2009–2011. Fluid was initially sent for cytology and cell differential. Patients with ≥ 50% fluid lymphocytes at first sampling, with no definite cytological evidence of carcinoma, and who underwent a further pleural procedure, had a second sample sent for LS analysis. The cause of the original effusion was agreed by two independent consultants after a minimum 12 month follow-up period. <h3>Results</h3> 395 patients with undiagnosed effusions were seen, of which 124(31%) were found to be lymphocytic on initial examination. 35(28.2%) patients were excluded due to confirmed (non-haematological) malignancy (11 initial cytology, 24 biopsy). A further 46(37.1%) patients were excluded with confirmed benign diagnoses including inflammatory pleuritis, heart failure and pleural infection. 39/43 (90.7%) patients therefore had samples sent for LS analysis. 7/43 (16.3%) patients’ effusions were diagnosed at 12 months as primarily due to lymphoma, with 5 having a previous diagnosis of such. Their characteristics are described in the table below. LS analysis was diagnostic in 4 and negative in 35 cases. There were no false positive results. Therefore, based on these data, for determining whether there is haematological malignancy in lymphocytic pleural fluid, LS analysis has a sensitivity of 57.1%, a specificity of 100%, and a positive and negative predictive value of 100% and 91.4% respectively. <h3>Conclusions</h3> LS analysis appears useful in a selected subgroup of patients presenting with undiagnosed effusions. It should only be considered in those patients with a lymphocytic effusion which shows negative initial cytology and/or no firm diagnosis established on pleural biopsy, or those with a past medical history of a lymphoma. A negative LS result does not exclude the possibility of a haematological cause for the effusion.
Chronic Illness: From Experience to Policy
Authors: C J Goodwill
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Ed S Kay Toombs, David Barnard, Ronald A Carson Indiana University Press, pounds sterling23, pp 221 ISBN 0 253 36011 0

Chronic Illness is a thought provoking book. For the medical reader some of its ideas may be unfamiliar, and therefore beneficial, as the writers present a social and philosophical approach to illness.

The book starts with first hand accounts of those who have become disabled in different ways—for example, by disease affecting themselves, such as multiple sclerosis, or parenting a disabled child. The condition of the one person affects the whole social family unit. This comes through clearly in these first hand accounts. Relationships change, marriages may break down, and limitations of mobility …