tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of bone mineral density, bone metabolism, osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of the NF B ligand serum levels during treatment with infliximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: M Vis, E A Havaardsholm, G Haugeberg, T Uhlig, A E Voskuyl, R J van de Stadt, B A C Dijkmans, A D Woolf, T K Kvien, W F Lems
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

<b>Objectives:</b> To examine whether treatment with anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α prevents loss of bone mineral density (BMD) at the spine and hip (generalised) and in the hands (local) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and to study the changes in markers of bone metabolism, including receptor activator of the NFκB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), during anti-TNF treatment. <b>Patients and methods:</b> 102 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis, who were treated with infliximab during 1 year, were included in this open cohort study. The BMD of the spine and hip (dual <i>x</i> ray absorptiometry) and hands dual <i>x</i> ray radiogrammetry was measured before the start of treatment and after 1 year. Changes in osteocalcin formation, β-isomerised carboxy terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (β-CTx, resorption), RANKL and OPG were determined at 0, 14, 30 and 46 weeks. <b>Results:</b> The BMD of the spine and hip was unchanged during treatment with infliximab, whereas BMD of the hand decreased significantly by 0.8% (p&lt;0.01). The BMD of the hip in patients with a good European League Against Rheumatism response showed a favourable change compared with patients not achieving such a response. Serum β-CTx and RANKL were both considerably decreased compared with baseline at all time points. The decrease in β-CTx was associated with the decrease in Disease Activity Score of 28 joints and C reactive protein during the 0–14 weeks interval. <b>Conclusion:</b> In patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with infliximab, spine and hip bone loss is arrested, whereas metacarpal cortical hand bone loss is not stopped. The outcome of the study also supports a relationship between clinical response, in terms of reduced inflammatory activity, and changes in bone loss of the spine, hip and hands.
Deficiency of Lamellar Bodies in Alveolar Type II Cells Associated with Fatal Respiratory Disease in a Full-term Infant
Authors: ERNEST CUTZ, SUSAN E. WERT, LAWRENCE M. NOGEE, AIDEEN M. MOORE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<CASE REPORTMETHODSRESULTSDISCUSSIONReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Is vitamin C superior to diltiazem for radial artery vasodilation in patients awaiting coronary artery bypass grafting? A randomized double blind study
Authors: George E. Drossos, Ioannis K. Toumpoulis, Demosthenes G. Katritsis, John P. Ioannidis, Persephone Kontoglorgi, Eugenia Svarna, Stavros Siminelakis, Constantine E. Anagnostopoulos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Histologic markers of mammographic breast density: core-needle biopsy tissue from healthy volunteers.
Authors: K Ghosh, KR Brandt, CA Reynolds, DA Watson, WL Lingle, VS Pankratz, LC Hartmann, CM Vachon
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #4037 Background: Mammographic breast density is a strong and consistent risk factor for breast cancer. Women with dense tissue in over 60 to 75% of the breast are at 4 to 6 times greater risk than women with little or no density. However, the biology of breast density is not well understood and studies at the tissue level are limited. We present the first report of a tissue-based study of breast density, sampling mammographically dense and non-dense areas of the breast of healthy women with the goal of examining histologic correlates.&amp;#x2028; Materials and Methods: Healthy women volunteers aged 40 to 85 years, with no breast symptoms, normal screening mammogram within 6 months, and no personal history of breast cancer were considered eligible. Women with breast-related symptoms, those on endocrine therapy, or with bleeding tendencies were excluded from participation. Sixty consecutive eligible women were enrolled in the study- results are based on the first 34 participants. Eligible women underwent an ultrasound-guided, core-needle breast biopsy of mammographically dense and non-dense areas of the breast, performed by a single experienced radiologist. Quantitative assessment of breast tissue from dense and non-dense areas was performed for epithelium, stroma, and fat. In addition, we assessed the difference in the extent of lobular involution (complete, partial and none) between dense and non-dense areas. We used means and SD to describe distributions in each tissue type. Signed rank test was used to assess within woman differences between dense and non-dense tissue.&amp;#x2028; Results: The mean age of the participants was 50.1 years (range 40 to 79 years). The histological findings are outlined below.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Dense tissue is comprised of increased stroma and epithelium and decreased fat, consistent with prior reports on breast density. The finding of 'no involution' was greater in dense tissue compared to non-dense tissue (24% versus 8.8%); non-dense tissue had greater proportion of complete involution compared to dense tissue (82.5% versus 35.2%).&amp;#x2028; Discussion: This report is the first to quantify histology in tissue sampled from dense and non-dense regions of the healthy breast. We find a dramatic difference in tissue composition between dense and non-dense tissue in the breast. Future studies using this tissue to assess molecular markers will further help to characterize pathways through which density may increase breast cancer risk. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4037.
Electrolyte Losses Associated with the Taking of Purges Investigated with Aid of Sodium and Potassium Radioisotopes
Authors: N. F. Coghill, P. M. McAllen, F. Edwards
Journal: BMJ (1959)

ACUTE PANCREATITISbe forced up the pancreatic duct to initiate an attack of acute pancreatitis.The general and-local effects of pancreatitis are due primarily to'the liberation' into surrounding tissues and the blood stream of large quantities of active pancreatic enzymes.Electrocardiographic changes suggestive of myo- cardial inPfarction may occur in acute pancreatitis.On the other hand, two patients with myocardial infarction have been seen with grossly elevated serum amylase levels (above 600 units, Somogyi).Radiographic changes in pancreatitis are discussed.Barium-meal examination early in the course of the disease may prove to be of diagnostic value.A serum amylase level of over three times the normal (200 units, Somogyi's method) has been found in association with a few cases of perforated gastric ulcer, intestinal obstruction, gall-stones, ruptured ovarian cyst, and myocardial infarction.Local and general complications are discussed.Six patients developed clinical tetany, and they all died.One-quarter of all the patients in this series died.Some of the factors influencing prognosis are discussed.Treatment is discussed in terms of resuscitation, antibiotics, control of electrolyte and metabolic disturbances, antispasmodics, antitryptic substances, corticoids, and operations.A mild case of pancreatitis wil recover whatever treatment is given, and for a very severe attack no treatment appears to be of any avail.Most patients who recover from an attack of acute pancreatitis have remained well for one to five years.I am grateful to all the surgeons, physicians, and pathologists of the General Infirmary at Leeds who have over the past five years allowed me to see their cases.In the present series are patients admitted under the care of Messrs.
Bone Scan-demonstrated Urinary Tract Abnormalities in a Patient with Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome
Authors: ELCON D. LEVINSON, RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1980)

A 22-month-old boy had a Tc-99m-MDP bone scan. This revealed multiple urinary tract anomalies (bladder distention, ectopic and small right kidney, hypertrophied left kidney, and bilateral hydronephrosis). The defects, fortuitously appreciated by means of the bone images, led to the correct diagnosis of urinary retention and infection as the cause of the child's symptoms. The urinary tract anomalies were associated with the Rubinstein- Taybi syndrome.
For Whose Benefit Do We Write?
Authors: W. L. Grant
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Fargo, N. D., April 11, 1899. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Apropos of Dr. Howle's letter in theJournal(vide April 8, p. 777) perhaps I may be able to throw a little side light on the subject. Recently the representative of a drug house in the East came into my office, and picking up a reprint of an article of mine that had just appeared in a prominent journal, said: "Say, Doctor, if you will write an article recommending the use of our preparation for that class of work, I will reward you well." Here was an inducement to help out the manufacturer and at the same time look out for number one. While the preparation he spoke of is quite a good one, there are any number of just such preparations put up by different houses, and most of them just as good as his. It is needless to say
Epstein-Barr virus evasion of CD8+ and CD4+ T cell immunity via concerted actions of multiple gene products
Authors: Maaike E. Ressing, Daniëlle Horst, Bryan D. Griffin, Judy Tellam, Jianmin Zuo, Rajiv Khanna, Martin Rowe, Emmanuel J.H.J. Wiertz
Journal: Seminars in Cancer Biology (2008)
Effects of propranolol and nifedipine on exercise-induced attack in patients variant angina: assessment by exercise thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy with quantitative rotational tomography.
Authors: K Kugiyama, H Yasue, Y Horio, Y Morikami, H Fujii, Y Koga, A Kojima, M Takahashi
Journal: Circulation (1986)

To examine the effects of propranolol and nifedipine on exercise-induced attack in patients with variant angina, exercise 201Tl myocardial scintigraphy with quantitative analysis by emission-computed tomography was performed in 20 patients with variant angina after oral propranolol (80 mg), nifedipine (20 mg), and placebo. Exercise-induced attack occurred in 11 patients on placebo, in 14 on propranolol, and in none on nifedipine. The exercise duration was significantly shorter in those on propranolol (p less than .05), but significantly longer in patients on nifedipine (p less than .05) than in those on placebo. The peak rate-pressure product was significantly lower in patients on propranolol (p less than .01), but did not change in those on nifedipine, as compared with that in patients on placebo. The size of the perfusion defect as measured by 201Tl tomography was significantly greater in patients on propranolol (p less than .05), but significantly less in those on nifedipine (p less than .01) than in those on placebo. In conclusion, propranolol does not suppress but rather may aggravate exercise-induced attack in patients with variant angina, while nifedipine suppresses it. This unfavorable effect of propranolol on exercise-induced attack in patients with variant angina is likely to be due to a reduction of regional myocardial blood flow.
Increased Skeletal Localization of 99mTc-Diphosphonate in Paralyzed Limbs
Authors: VED PRAKASH, NEIL J. KAMEL, MAX S. LIN, JOSEPH P. KRISS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1976)

Whole body skeletal scintigraphy was performed using 99mTc-(1-hydroxyethylidene) diphosphonate in 9 paraplegic, 4 hemiplegic and 3 hemiparetic patients. In 5 paraplegic and all 4 hemiplegic patients, whose paralysis ranged from 2 months to 9 years in duration, a diffusely increased localization of the technetium complex was seen in the bones of the involved extremities. The other 4 paraplegic patients, whose paralysis exceeded 9 years in duration, and all 3 hemiparetic patients had normal skeletal 99mTc complex localization.
Manufactured Nanomaterials (Fullerenes, C <sub>60</sub> ) Induce Oxidative Stress in the Brain of Juvenile Largemouth Bass
Authors: Eva Oberdörster
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Although nanotechnology has vast potential in uses such as fuel cells, microreactors, drug delivery devices, and personal care products, it is prudent to determine possible toxicity of nanotechnology-derived products before widespread use. It is likely that nanomaterials can affect wildlife if they are accidentally released into the environment. The fullerenes are one type of manufactured nanoparticle that is being produced by tons each year, and initially uncoated fullerenes can be modified with biocompatible coatings. Fullerenes are lipophilic and localize into lipid-rich regions such as cell membranes in vitro, and they are redox active. Other nano-sized particles and soluble metals have been shown to selectively translocate into the brain via the olfactory bulb in mammals and fish. Fullerenes (C60) can form aqueous suspended colloids (nC60); the question arises of whether a redox-active, lipophilic molecule could cause oxidative damage in an aquatic species. The goal of this study was to investigate oxyradical-induced lipid and protein damage, as well as impacts on total glutathione (GSH) levels, in largemouth bass exposed to nC60. Significant lipid peroxidation was found in brains of largemouth bass after 48 hr of exposure to 0.5 ppm uncoated nC60. GSH was also marginally depleted in gills of fish, and nC60 increased water clarity, possibly due to bactericidal activity. This is the first study showing that uncoated fullerenes can cause oxidative damage and depletion of GSH in vivo in an aquatic species. Further research needs to be done to evaluate the potential toxicity of manufactured nanomaterials, especially with respect to translocation into the brain.
Adenine nucleotide changes in the remnant liver: An early signal for regeneration after partial hepatectomy
Authors: Sara Crumm, Montserrat Cofan, Egle Juskeviciute, Jan B. Hoek
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Abstract Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PHx) is orchestrated by multiple signals from cytokines and growth factors. We investigated whether increased energy demand on the remnant liver after PHx contributes to regenerative signals. Changes in the tissue's energy state were determined from adenine nucleotide levels. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels in remnant livers decreased markedly and rapidly (to 48% of control by 30 seconds post-PHx) and remained significantly lower than those in sham-operated controls for 24 to 48 hours. The ATP decrease was not reflected in corresponding increases in adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP), resulting in a marked decline in total adenine nucleotides (TAN). We found no evidence of mitochondrial damage or uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. Multiple lines of evidence indicated that the decline in TAN was not caused by increased energy demand, but by ATP release from the liver. The extent of ATP loss was identical after 30% or 70% PHx, whereas fasting or hyperglycemia, conditions that greatly alter energy demand for gluconeogenesis, affected the ATP/ADP decline but not the loss of TAN. Presurgical treatment with the α-adrenergic antagonist phentolamine completely prevented loss of TAN, although changes in ATP/ADP were still apparent. Importantly, phentolamine treatment inhibited early signaling events associated with the priming stages of liver regeneration and suppressed the expression of c-fos . Pretreatment with the purinergic receptor antagonist suramin also partly suppressed early regenerative signals and c-fos expression, but without preventing TAN loss. Conclusion: The rapid loss of adenine nucleotides after PHx generates early stress signals that contribute to the onset of liver regeneration. (Hepatology 2008.)
Elevated Levels of Thymus- and Activation-regulated Chemokine in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid from Patients with Eosinophilic Pneumonia
Authors: Eishi Miyazaki, Shin-ichi Nureki, Tetsujiro Fukami, Takehiko Shigenaga, Masaru Ando, Kazunobu Ito, Hiroaki Ando, Katsunori Sugisaki, Toshihide Kumamoto, Tomiyasu Tsuda
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) is a lymphocyte-directed CC chemokine, which plays a role in the recruitment of CC chemokine receptor-4 positive T helper 2 (Th2) cells. In this study, we measured concentrations of TARC and Th2 cell-derived cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, as well as TARC concentrations in serum from patients with eosinophilic pneumonia and other interstitial lung diseases. TARC was significantly elevated in BAL fluids from patients with eosinophilic pneumonia (median, 240 pg/ml), whereas TARC was undetectable (< 7 pg/ml) in most cases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, sarcoidosis, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, as well as in healthy control subjects. Also, when present, quantities were less than 20 pg/ml. Elevated concentrations of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 were also detected in BAL fluid from patients with eosinophilic pneumonia. Interestingly, TARC concentrations in BAL fluids were closely correlated with the concentrations of IL-5 and IL-13. A serial examination showed that elevated TARC in BAL fluid rapidly fell to below detectable limits preceding decreases in IL-5 concentration and eosinophil percentage. Our results, in concordance with previous studies, demonstrate the potential activity of TARC for recruiting Th2 cells to the lungs and suggest a significant role for TARC in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic pneumonia.
Uptake of Tc-99m MDP by Renal Cortex in a Patient with Advanced Hepatic Disease and Oliguria
Authors: KUANG-TAO A. YANG, KWE EN LIN, SHUN SHENG WU, DAVID J. WANG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Marked uptake of Tc-99m MDP by renal cortex was noted in a patient with advanced hepatic disease. There was a history of oliguria, ascites, and lower leg edema. The scintigraphic findings may be relevant to the hepatorenal syndrome.
Circadian Variation in Human Ventricular Refractoriness
Authors: Thomas Q. Kong, Jeffrey J. Goldberger, Michele Parker, Ted Wang, Alan H. Kadish
Journal: Circulation (1995)

The incidence of sudden cardiac death is highest in the morning hours. Although a circadian variation in myocardial ischemia may be responsible in part for this observation, other factors also may be contributory. It is not known whether a circadian variation in ventricular refractoriness exists that may be related to the increased morning incidence of sudden cardiac death.Nine subjects with primary conduction system disease, no evidence of structural heart disease, and permanent pacemakers were studied. Autonomic nervous system function as assessed by tilt table and baroreflex sensitivity testing was normal in all subjects. Using noninvasive programmed stimulation, ventricular effective refractory periods were measured hourly for 24 hours. Potassium, epinephrine, and norepinephrine levels also were measured hourly. In a subset of five subjects, ventricular refractory periods were again measured hourly over 24 hours during beta-blockade. A significant circadian variation in ventricular refractoriness was noted, with a mean difference between the shortest and longest refractory periods in individual subjects of 23 ms and 21 ms at drive cycle lengths of 600 ms and 400 ms, respectively. In eight subjects, the shortest refractory periods observed over 24 hours occurred within 2 hours of waking (random probability < 10(-8)). Adjustment of refractory period data according to the hour of waking resulted in a better correlation between ventricular refractory periods and time. Although a significant circadian variation was observed in potassium and catecholamine levels, neither was an independent predictor of refractory periods after adjustment for the hour of waking. The adjusted time of day was the only significant (P < .0001) independent predictor of refractory periods. beta-Blockade abolished the circadian variation in ventricular refractory periods.A significant circadian variation in ventricular refractory periods exists. Maximal shortening between hourly refractory periods as well as the shortest refractory periods occur in the early morning hours when the incidence of sudden cardiac death is greatest. Fluctuations in beta-adrenergic tone appear to be largely responsible for this phenomenon.
Efficacy and safety of erlotinib versus chemotherapy in second-line treatment of patients with advanced, non-small-cell lung cancer with poor prognosis (TITAN): a randomised multicentre, open-label, phase 3 study
Authors: Tudor Ciuleanu, Lilia Stelmakh, Saulius Cicenas, Skaidrius Miliauskas, Alexandru Calin Grigorescu, Carina Hillenbach, Hrefna Kristin Johannsdottir, Barbara Klughammer, Emilio Esteban Gonzalez
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2012)
A polydioxanone electrospun valved patch to replace the right ventricular outflow tract in a growing lamb model
Authors: David Kalfa, Alain Bel, Annabel Chen-Tournoux, Alberto Della Martina, Philippe Rochereau, Cyrielle Coz, Valérie Bellamy, Mourad Bensalah, Valérie Vanneaux, Séverine Lecourt, Elie Mousseaux, Patrick Bruneval, Jérôme Larghero, Philippe Menasché
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Genetic counselling does the terminology matter?
Authors: H. J Harris
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Counselling for bereavement, marriage guidance, post-traumatic stress, and psychosexual problems is all important to patients with particular needs. And stressed doctors are also making increasing use of counselling services. But for those wishing to reap the benefits of new genetic knowledge the term counselling may be sending the wrong message. Consultation should be used to describe the complete process that follows the recognition that a clinical genetic problem may exist.

The genetic consultation includes making an accurate diagnosis and risk computation, and requires elements of a standard medical consultation, including taking a family history, examining the patient, and interpreting genetic laboratory results. Genetic counselling, a component of the genetic consultation process, involves imparting accurate, sensitive, and complex information to the patient and family in a non-directive and empathic way, …
Communicable disease and neonatal problems are still major killers of children
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Nearly three out of four deaths worldwide in children under 5 years old are due to communicable diseases or problems occurring in the neonatal period, show new figures from the World Health Organization.

The figures, which were published last week, are based on more accurate estimates than those used previously ( Lancet 2005;365:1147–52).

The report estimates that six causes accounted for 73% of the more than 10 million deaths worldwide of children in each year in 2000-3. These were pneumonia (19% of deaths), diarrhoea (18%), malaria (8%), neonatal sepsis or …
Id helix-loop-helix proteins negatively regulate TRANCE-mediated osteoclast differentiation
Authors: Junwon Lee, Kabsun Kim, Jung Ha Kim, Hye Mi Jin, Han Kyung Choi, Seoung-Hoon Lee, Hyun Kook, Kyung Keun Kim, Yoshifumi Yokota, Soo Young Lee, Yongwon Choi, Nacksung Kim
Journal: Blood (2005)
Immunoregulatory T cells in the peripheral blood of patients with Bechterew's syndrome.
Authors: O Vinje, J H Dobloug, O Forre, P Moller, O J Mellbye
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

Seventeen patients with ankylosing spondylitis (Bechterew9s syndrome) were investigated. Only 3 of them had detectable autoantibodies, but the IgA and IgM concentrations in serum were increased (p less than 0.05). The patients had a moderate reduction in con-A-induced suppressor cell activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes as detected in con-A/MLC assay, compared with that of 15 controls (41.0 +/- 8.6% suppression compared with 59.4 +/- 5.2%, mean +/-SEM; 0.05 less than p less than 0.1 one-sided test). No differences were found in the percentages of T gamma cells (suppressor cells) and T mu cells (helper cells) between patients an controls. This is to our knowledge the first report of con-A-induced suppressor cell activity an T lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood of patients with ankylosing spondylitis.