tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surgery, AIDS, and Hepatitis B
Authors: Marek Szpalski
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Panlilio et al<sup>1</sup>is an interesting contribution to a sensitive but sometimes confusing problem. To assess the physician's attitude toward the risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) contamination and the importance of injuries to surgeons and anesthetists during procedures, in November 1990 we carried out a telephone survey of 250 surgeons and 100 anesthetists, selected as being representative of the Belgian population of those specialties. Sixty-three percent of the surgeons reported that they had sustained an injury during a procedure within the preceding 3 months. More surprisingly, 45% of the anesthesiologists also reported such incidents. Those figures support Panlilio et al's call for the development of puncture-resistant glove materials (cut-resistant materials already exist). We also found that while 51% of the anesthetists use double gloves during procedures on HIV-positive patients, only 26% of the surgeons take this elementary precaution, and only 15% of
Endogenous growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone is required for GH responses to pharmacological stimuli.
Authors: C A Jaffe, R DeMott-Friberg, A L Barkan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The roles of hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and of somatostatin (SRIF) in pharmacologically stimulated growth hormone (GH) secretion in humans are unclear. GH responses could result either from GHRH release or from acute decline in SRIF secretion. To assess directly the role of endogenous GHRH in human GH secretion, we have used a competitive GHRH antagonist, (N-Ac-Tyr1,D-Arg2)GHRH(1-29)NH2 (GHRH-Ant), which we have previously shown is able to block the GH response to GHRH. We first tested whether an acute decline in SRIF, independent of GHRH action, would release GH. Pretreatment with GHRH-Ant abolished the GH response to exogenous GHRH (0.33 microgram/kg i.v.) but did not modify the GH rise after termination of an SRIF infusion. We then investigated the role of endogenous GHRH in the GH responses to pharmacologic stimuli of GH release. The GH responses to arginine (30 g i.v. over 30 min), L-dopa (0.5 g orally), insulin hypoglycemia (0.1 U/Kg i.v.), clonidine (0.25 mg orally), or pyridostigmine (60 mg orally) were measured in healthy young men after pretreatment with either saline of GHRH-Ant 400 microgram/kg i.v. In every case, GH release was significantly suppressed by GHRH-Ant. We conclude that endogenous GHRH is required for the GH response to each of these pharmacologic stimuli. Acute release of hypothalamic GHRH may be a common mechanism by which these compounds mediate GH secretion.
1104 CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITIES OF CYCLOPHILIN INHIBITORS DEB025 (ALISPORIVIR) AND NIM811 ON HEPATITIS B VIRUS (HBV) REPLICATION AND HBSAG SECRETION IN VITRO
Authors: S. Chokshi, S. Phillips, A. Riva, N. Naoumov
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Gold-195m for serial first pass radionuclide angiocardiography during upright exercise in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Frans J. Th. Wackers, Richard Stein, Linda Pytlik, Michael W. Plankey, Robert Lange, Paul B. Hoffer, Milton J. Sands, Barry L. Zaret, Harvey J. Berger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1983)
Targeting ECM–Integrin Interaction with Liposome-Encapsulated Small Interfering RNAs Inhibits the Growth of Human Prostate Cancer in a Bone Xenograft Imaging Model
Authors: Kristen Bisanz, Jie Yu, Magnus Edlund, Bill Spohn, Mien-Chie Hung, Leland W.K. Chung, Chia-Ling Hsieh
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The intricate intracellular communication between stromal and epithelial cells, which involves cell–cell-, cell–insoluble extracellular matrix- (ECM), and cell–soluble factor-mediated signaling processes, is an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in hormone-refractory and bone-metastatic prostate cancer. In the present study we demonstrated that androgen-independent PC3 prostate cancer cells adhered to and migrated on vitronectin (VN), a major noncollagenous ECM in mature bone, through the expression of αv-containing integrin receptors αvβ1 and αvβ5 on the cell surface, as determined by antibody function blocking assay and flow cytometry analysis. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting human integrin αv markedly reduced their respective mRNA and protein expression in cells, resulting in nearly complete reduction in VN-mediated cancer progression in vitro. In vivo quantitative bioluminescence analysis of human prostate cancer bone xenografts demonstrated for the first time that intratumoral administration of liposome-encapsulated human αv-siRNAs significantly inhibits the growth of luciferase-tagged PC3 tumors in skeleton, which was associated with decreased integrin αv expression and increased apoptosis in tumor cells. This integrin-based gene therapy is particularly suitable for the treatment of prostate cancer bone metastasis.
A General Medical Practice Using Nonphysician Personnel
Authors: Kenneth D. Rogers
Journal: JAMA (1968)

A county medical society, responding to a request of low-income urban population for health care, obtained funds to subsidize a medical practice in its community. The practice was staffed by a physician, social worker, office nurse, public health nurse, technician, and secretary. Nonphysician personnel, under supervision, performed some services usually given by physicians, furnished half the patient care, and were well accepted by patients in these responsible roles. Use of nonphysician personnel increased effectiveness of the physician and expanded the scope of services beyond that usually provided in a general practice. Resources of a local hospital ultimately were integrated with the practice to provide comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic services. The program constituted a practical way to deliver primary health care which was well accepted by patients, simple in organization, comprehensive in scope, and not costly.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Stent Thrombogenicity Early in High-Risk Interventional Settings Is Driven by Stent Design and Deployment and Protected by Polymer-Drug Coatings”
Authors: Kumaran Kolandaivelu, Rajesh Swaminathan, William J. Gibson, Vijaya B. Kolachalama, Kim-Lien Nguyen-Ehrenreich, Virginia L. Giddings, Leslie Coleman, Gee K. Wong, Elazer R. Edelman
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Settings Is Driven by Stent Design and Deployment and Protected by Polymer-Drug Coatings"Vorphal and Kelm raise an intriguing nuance regarding vascular repair after drug-eluting stent implantation.Their insightful letter and pioneering work suggest limited thrombosis may be important for optimal healing, and complete elimination of clot may adversely affect repair.Interestingly, early studies of drug-free stent coatings reported reduced thrombogenicity compared with bare metal devices without effecting intimal hyperplasia. 1,2The interplay of vasoreparative forces, biological effects of released-drug and synergistic patient-, lesion-, and procedure-specific features 3,4 have become all the more important for drug-eluting stent implantation, but also difficult to isolate and dissect.Strategies to optimize healing may need to temper and control elements of repair, such as clotting, rather than eliminate them altogether.Device design, implantation technique, and control of near-wall flow patterns may be the most effective means of achieving this end. 5Like Vorphal and Kelm, we look forward to understanding the balance of forces that induces vascular homeostasis more completely.We must continue to examine the biology of percutaneous interventions even as the technology matures.Failure to scrutinize assumptions and data implications may contribute unanticipated and undesired effects from seemingly logical and beneficial manipulations to device design and use.
Health policy in the European Union: how it's made and how to influence it
Authors: B. Duncan
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The European Union doesn't usually intend to make health policy but in practice other policies— often to do with the union's origins as a free market—affect health care. Ben Duncan explains how the union and its institutions work and how they can be influenced

European Union law has a profound impact on health service delivery in Britain and other EU countries.1 Yet repeated reassurances to the contrary and attempts to define an EU health policy that does not impinge on national governments' rights to control their healthcare systems have disguised this fact. The result has been that some major changes have taken health ministries and doctors by surprise. A greater willingness to acknowledge the union's role in health care may be expected as it prepares to launch an ambitious new health action programme and member states face up to the consequences of recent European Court of Justice rulings on patients' rights to go abroad for operations.2

This paper gives an overview of current EU policies relevant to medicine and public health and an insight into how these policies are made—and how they can be influenced.

#### Summary points

European Union law has a major impact on health service provision

Most of this impact comes from laws not specifically designed as health policy interventions

Overt acknowledgement of the union's role in health care may be preferable to its current, rather random, interventions

Information is readily obtainable from online EU information sources, health interest groups, and specialist publications

Health policy can be influenced by judicious lobbying

### Official health policy

Official EU health policy has been built on something of a paradox. Union leaders have for years wanted the union to be seen to be “doing something” about issues, like health, that citizens care about. Yet health policy is so high on national political agendas that most …
John Francis Goyder
Authors: Peter Goyder
Journal: BMJ (2006)

​FormerFormer general practitioner Idle, Bradford (b 1926; q St Mary's Hospital, London, 1951), died from a heart attack on 11 November 2005. After house jobs John did national service in Singapore before returning to his native Bradford as a senior house officer at St Luke's Hospital. He joined the Idle Surgery, where he remained a general practitioner until his retirement aged 62. He did a weekly session in the local casualty department and also developed an interest in industrial medicine, working for Metal Box (Bradford) until almost 70. After his final retirement he moved to the Lake District, where he continued his hobbies of woodworking, church architecture, and music. He leaves a wife, Pat; three children; and two grandchildren.



Figure 1
Adherence to advance directives: Maybe doctors do not always know best
Authors: P. S Jones
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—The study by Thompson et al was a timely examination of health professionals' attitudes when the wishes of patients do not match their own.1 Even after the recent judgment in the case of Miss B it seems that many of us are simply not prepared to allow patients to refuse treatment they do not want.

In the case described by Thompson et al the competently expressed wish of the patient may be disregarded only if there is evidence that her wishes have changed since the directive was signed. If not, once practitioners are satisfied that the clinical circumstances match those for which the directive provides (and this is moot), then there is no moral, ethical, or legal basis for disregarding her wishes.

Do we need further lawsuits before we collectively accept that our role should not include a paternalistic contempt for what our patients want?
Altered Biodistribution of Tc-99m HMDP on Bone Scintigraphy From Recent Intravenous Iron Therapy
Authors: A. R. FORAUER, S. J. GROSSMAN, J. M. JOYCE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

A 68-year-old woman with a history of gastrointestinal arteriovenous (AV) malformations was admitted with profound anemia (hemoglobin 4.5 gm/dl). She received three units of packed red blood cells during the next 2 days and 1 g of intravenous iron on the third day. Bone imaging was also performed on day 3 because of isolated elevation of the serum alkaline phosphatase. The bone scan demonstrated Paget's disease in the pelvis as the cause of the abnormal laboratory value. In addition, it demonstrated prominent blood pool activity as a result of altered biodistribution of the Tc-99m diphosphonate bone agent caused by circulating iron dextran complex.
PD1-3-4: High-throughput tissue microarray analysis for the prognostic significance of cell cycle regulation and proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Jinyoung Yoo, Sonya Y. Park, Byoung Y. Shim, Sung W. Kim, Deog G. Cho, Meyung I. Ahn, Chi H. Kim, Kyu D. Cho, Hoon K. Kim
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Marital Sexual Dysfunction: Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: LEVINE STEPHEN B.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

All clinicians are occasionally consulted by men complaining of impotence. The history is the most important step in the differential diagnostic process for this symptom. Answers to four basic questions enable the physician to recognize classic psychologic and organic patterns. In addition, these questions provide clues as to the cause of the dysfunction. Physical and laboratory examinations are usually required to identify the specific organic cause. Traditional prevalence figures for impotence may no longer be valid. This topic awaits epidemiologic data that reflect current diagnostic sophistication. Individual treatment approaches to both organic and psychologic impotence must counteract the adverse influence of performance anxiety.
Effects of cyelosporin A on resident and passenger immune cells of normal human skin and UV-induced erythema reactions
Authors: P. PETZELBAUER, K. WOLFF
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Cyclosporin A (CyA) has proved effective in various dermatological diseases, but its mechanisms of action within the skin are still ill-defined. In order to characterize more clearly the cellular targets of CyA we examined its effects on skin immune cells in normal and UVB- and PUVA-irradiated skin by means of a three-step immunoperoxidase reaction and immunofluorescence double-labelling technique. The CyA-induced depletion of epidermal Langerhans cells equals that seen with UVB or PUVA alone. CyA alone has no effect on the number and distribution of dermal cells. CyA modulates the UV irradiation-induced changes by: (i) inhibiting the UVB- and PUVA-induced ICAM-1 expression by keratinocytes and (ii) suppressing the PUVA-induced upregulation of CD11a expression by macrophages (72 +/- 12% of Ki-M8+ macrophages express CD11a with PUVA, compared with 20 +/- 5% with CyA + PUVA, P < 0.001). Neither treatment affected ICAM-1 expression by endothelial cells. In addition, CyA increases PUVA minimal phototoxicity dose from 10 +/- 2.6 J/cm2 (PUVA alone) to 15.3 +/- 3.1 J/cm2 (CyA + PUVA), (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the effects of CyA on the skin include a down-modulation of the PUVA-erythema reaction, associated with a direct or indirect modulation of adhesion molecule expression.
Early Initiation of Short Course of ART Beneficial in Infants With HIV
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Energy balance during acute respiratory exacerbations in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: J.J. Reilly, J.M. Ralston, J.y Paton, C.A. Edwards, L.t Weaver, J Wilkinson, T.j Evans
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)

Acute respiratory exacerbations have been proposed to contribute to the negative energy balance which causes undernutrition in cystic fibrosis. However, no studies have measured their effect on all components of energy balance. The aim of this study was to measure the effect of an acute respiratory exacerbation on energy balance. Fourteen children (six females, eight males, mean+/-SD age 9.9+/-2.4 yrs) were studied when well and during the course of an acute respiratory exacerbation treated with intravenous antimicrobial therapy. The total energy expenditure was measured using the doubly-labelled water method, resting energy expenditure by ventilated hood indirect calorimetry, energy intake by household measures records, and fat malabsorption from measurements of dietary fat intake and faecal fat output. The exacerbation was associated with a significant reduction in energy intake (mean paired difference 47 kJ x kg of body weight(-1) x day(-1), p&lt;0.01). Changes in fat malabsorption and resting energy expenditure were negligible. The absence of significant changes in body weight and composition, together with the trend towards lower total energy expenditure, suggested no marked negative energy balance during the exacerbation. In conclusion, treatment of acute respiratory exacerbation with intravenous antimicrobial therapy represents a relatively minor challenge to energy balance and nutritional status in children with cystic fibrosis.
Pemphigus: Current Concepts
Authors: A. Razzaque Ahmed, James Graham, Robert E. Jordon, Thomas T. Provost
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Pemphigus is an autoimmune intraepidermal bullous disease involving the skin and mucous membranes. There are four clinically recognized variants of this disease. The histopathologic hallmark is acantholysis, which is disruption of normal cell-to-cell adhesion. Patients produce an IgG antibody directed against an antigen present in the intercellular substance of the epidermis. The antibody binds to the intercellular spaces in vivo and can be frequently detected in patients' sera. Immunofluorescent examination of perilesional tissue and serum is an extremely valuable diagnostic technique. Recently, pemphigus-like lesions have been produced in skin explants grown in tissue culture media enriched with pemphigus serum. Before corticosteroid therapy was available, pemphigus was a fatal disease. Steroids, and more recently immunosuppressive agents, have drastically improved the prognosis.
Intravenous bolus amiodarone administration exhibits an immediate and gradual increase in ventricular fibrillation threshold: experimental study
Authors: Maria Anastasiou-Nana, Eleftheria Tsagalou, Christos Charitos, Paraskevi Dolou, Elias Tsolakis, Stavros Drakos, Argyrios Ntalianis, John Karelas, Lilika Pappa, John Nanas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
The goodness of judgment index
Authors: Lee Jussim
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

Evidence is presented indicating that mainstream social psychology material leads undergraduates to conclude that people are irrational. To help address the problems identified by Krueger &amp; Funder (K&amp;F), a new statistic, the Goodness of Judgment Index (GJI), is presented. A concrete example based on a recent study is used to show how the GJI can be used to bring some balance back to research emphasizing error and bias.
898 TREATMENT WITH TELAPREVIR/PEG-IFN/RBV AFTER 14-DAY TELAPREVIR EXPOSURE IN PHASE I STUDIES: RESULTS FROM THE PHASE IIIB C219 ROLLOVER STUDY
Authors: C. Sarrazin, H.W. Reesink, S. Zeuzem, I. Dierynck, D. Luo, J. Witek, G. Picchio, S. De Meyer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
PENNSYLVANIA PROTESTS NEW JERSEY DISCRIMINATION
Authors: William Pepper
Journal: JAMA (1925)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The states of Pennsylvania and New Jersey both require a year spent in an approved hospital as an intern before a candidate can present himself for examination in order to obtain a license to practice medicine. The Pennsylvania Board of Medical Examiners refused to consider a certain hospital in New Jersey as on its approved list although the New Jersey board considered this hospital as a satisfactory hospital for intern service and placed it on its list of approved hospitals. The New Jersey board, then becoming annoyed at the Pennsylvania board because it would not approve this hospital, has blacklisted every hospital in the state of Pennsylvania, as is apparent from a letter which I have just received under date of May 7, 1925, which reads as follows: The board at a meeting held today decided that until the Pennsylvania hoard recognizes the rating accorded New Jersey
BI-15 * RADIO- CHEMOTHERAPY IMPROVES SURVIVAL FOR IDH MUTANT, 1p19q-NON-CODELETED SECONDARY HIGH-GRADE-ASTROCYTOMA
Authors: T. Juratli, K. Geiger, T. Lautenschlaeger, G. Schackert, D. Krex
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

OBJECTIVES: The RTOG 9402 trial reported an improved Outcome in IDH mutant and 1p19q-codeleted anaplastic oligodendroglial tumors after chemotherapy (CT) with radiotherapy (RT). We evaluated the efficacy of CT and RT in patients with IDH mutant, 1p19q-noncodeleted secondary high-grade astrocytoma (sHGA) WHO grades III and IV. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Treatment data from 109 patients with sHGA grades III and IV, developed from histologically confirmed low-grade astrocytoma grade II were retrospectively analyzed. IDH mutation-, 1p19q/codeletion- and MGMT-promoter methylation status were evaluable in all patients. Progression-free survival and overall survival (OS) in relation to adjuvant treatment modalities and molecular profiling were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Out of 109 patients, 88 patients (80.7%) harbored an IDH1 or 2 mutations, 30 patients a 1p19q-codeletion (27.5%), and 63 patients (57.8%) exhibited a methylated MGMT-promoter status. During the follow-up time 57 patients (52.2%) died. The postsurgical treatment for the 88 IDH mutant sHGA included: RT alone in 17 patients (19.3%), a combined RT and CT (RCT) in 48 patients (54.5%) and CT alone in 20 patients (22.7%). 3 patients did not receive any adjuvant treatment due to bad neurological conditions. At a median follow-up of 9.8 years, the median OS of all IDH mutant sHGA was 5.67 years (1.9-17.4 years). The OS in patients who received RCT was 6.4 years, which is significantly longer compared with those who underwent RT alone (1.2 years, hazard ratio 0.35, 95% CI 0.32-0.51. p = 0.011). After including only IDH mutant sHGA patients without a 1p19q-codeletion, the Kaplan-Meier curves estimates a significantly improved OS in the RCT cohort (33 patients) in comparison to patients who received RT alone (10 patients) (6.4 vs 1.2 years, hazard ratio 0.4, 95% CI 0.34-0.6, p = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS: Addition of alkylating-agent chemotherapy to radiation significantly improved overall survival in patients with IDH mutant and 1p19q-noncodeleted sHGA.