tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical Trial of Cephaloridine (Ceporin), a New Broad-spectrum Antibiotic Derived from Cephalosporin C
Authors: J. McC. Murdoch, C. F. Speirs, A. M. Geddes, E. T. Wallace
Journal: BMJ (1964)

In a search for new antibiotic substances, Brotzu isolated a fungus from the sea near a sewage outfall in Sardinia in 1945.He used an extract of this for the parenteral treatment of patients suffering from typhoid fever and from infection with Brucella melitensis, and appears to have achieved some success.A culture of the organism was received in Oxford, where seven antibiotic substances were isolated from it (Florey, 1955).Three of these were cephalosporin N, a penicillin which is active mainly against Gram-negative organisms and is identical with synnematin B, which has a therapeutic action in typhoid fever ; cephalosporin P, which has a steroid structure and is related to the more recently discovered fusidic acid (fucidin); and cephalosporin C, of which 7-aminocephalosporanic acid is the nucleus (Loder et al., 1961 ; Brit.med.7., 1964).The nucleus of cephalosporin C is closely related to the penicillin nucleus, 6-aminopenicillanic acid, but differs from the latter in having a fused dihydrothiazine /3-lactam ring instead of a fused thiazolidine 83-lactam ring (Loder et al., 1961 ; Barber and Waterworth, 1964).
Unilateral facial angiofibromas-a segmental form of tuberous sclerosis
Authors: J.D. McGRAE, K. HASHIMOTO
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Multiple facial angiofibromas are thought to be a pathognomonic and common, feature of tuberous sclerosis. In contrast, it is rare to see multiple angiofibromas limited to one side of the face. We have studied a patient with multiple angiofibromas of one cheek, in order to search for other manifestations of tuberous sclerosis and to determine the histochemical identity of the angiofibromas. No evidence of other pathology known to be associated with the tuberous sclerosis complex was uncovered. Histopathology of the unilateral lesions revealed focal fibroplasia and positive cellular staining for factor XIIIa and vimentin, similar to that described for bilateral angiofibromas. We suggested that the segmental expression of tuberous sclerosis, in the form of unilateral facial angiofibromas, may result from a postzygotic mutation.
Prognosis of Primary Pleural Effusions
Authors: J. D. L. Reinhold
Journal: BMJ (1947)

BIUTISH I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ME JOURNALof his blood count elsewhere had given no signs of hyper- eosinophiUa, I had it re-exatnined in October, when a "hyper- coslnophil phase" of 11% was found.t. R. Rugeley publihsed a paper on allergic causes of prutitus ani recently (Annals df Allergy, 1946, 4, 374 and 396) and reported about 14 cases of pruritus ani in which a connexion with allergic causes was revealed and rapid imtprovement achieved by' treatment on these lines, whereas the conven- tional treatment, tried befote, had proved to be unsuccessful.He holds the opinion that excoriationis, oedema of the skin, thickening, or exudation vary in intensity, and that papillitis, fissures, and other changes thought to be causative factors are often secondary and not pritnary changes.He recotnends strongly that allergic causes of prutitus ani should be investi- gated before radical procedures are suggested, such as surgical interference, x-ray treatment, local injections, diisions of nerves, or tattooing of the anal margins with anaesthetics.-I am, etc., London, W.1.E. M. FRAENktL.Congenital Hepatic-duct Malformation Sitt,-Length of survival nmay warrant recording the follow- ing case.A female child 10 months old had been jaundiced since her normial birth.Weight records were: 7 lb.(3.1 kg.) at birth, 9 lb.(4 kg.) at 6 nionths, 12 lb. (5.4 kg.) at 10 months.Absence of breast milk had resulted in cows' milk feedings.Three older children were healthy.The child was lively and profoundly jaundiced.Her spleen
Cure as Disease
Authors: Irving M. Bush
Journal: JAMA (1973)

The  is worse than the disease is a phrase that has been used for thousands of years. 1 Occasionally it has been applied to such conditions as the development of severe recurrent hemorrhage due to radiation cystitis incident to the adequate treatment of pelvic neoplasia. Cyclophosphamide, an effective alkylating agent prescribed extensively in the treatment of lymphoblastic leukemia, lymphomas, certain solid tumors, and multiple myeloma and used as an investigational immunosuppressive agent in the care of patients with organ transplants, severe rheumatoid arthritis, or other disorders in which immune factors may be important can be, at times, another remedy more grievous than the offense. 2 Hemorrhagic cystitis due to cyclophosphamide metabolites excreted in the urine is a well-known complication seen in 13% to 30% of patients treated with this medication. Usually of a limited nature, its incidence can be reduced by increasing the urine volume and avoiding large single
Successful Repair in Utero of a Fetal Diaphragmatic Hernia after Removal of Herniated Viscera from the Left Thorax
Authors: Michael R. Harrison, N. Scott Adzick, Michael T. Longaker, James D. Goldberg, Mark A. Rosen, Roy A. Filly, Mark I. Evans, Mitchell S. Golbus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

MOST infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia die because their lungs are inadequate to support extrauterine life. This remains true despite advances in postnatal care, including preoperative stabilization,1 , 2 pharmacologic treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn,3 , 4 and temporary support with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.5 , 6 Recently, prenatal diagnosis has allowed us to define the natural history of fetal diaphragmatic hernia better: approximately 75 percent of fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia detected before birth die despite optimal postnatal care.7 8 9 10 11 The neonatal outcome is related to the degree of pulmonary hypoplasia from in utero lung compression, which is determined by the timing and volume . . .
Evidence for angiotensin II type 2 receptor–mediated cardiac myocyte enlargement during in vivo pressure overload
Authors: Takaaki Senbonmatsu, Sahoko Ichihara, Edward Price, F. Andrew Gaffney, Tadashi Inagami
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

The pathophysiological roles of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT(2)) in cardiac hypertrophy remain unclear. By the targeted deletion of mouse AT(2) we were able to prevent the left ventricular hypertrophy resulting from pressure overload, while cardiac contractile functions remained normal. This implies that AT(2) is a mediator of cardiac hypertrophy in response to increased blood pressure. The effects of AT(2) deletion were independent of activation of embryonic genes for cardiac hypertrophy. However, p70(S6k), one of the key factors in cardiac hypertrophy, was markedly and specifically reduced in the ventricles of Agtr2(-)/Y mice. We propose that p70(S6k) plays a major role in AT(2)-mediated ventricular hypertrophy. This article may have been published online in advance of the print edition. The date of publication is available from the JCI website, http://www.jci.org.
POTENTIAL BENEFIT OF FINAL KISSING INFLATION AFTER SINGLE STENTING TO BIFURCATION LESIONS: DIFFERENCE OF OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY FINDINGS IN SIROLIMUS AND PACLITAXEL-ELUTING STENTS
Authors: Hirotoshi Hariki, Junya Shite, Toshiro Shinke, Hiromasa Otake, Daisuke Matsumoto, Hiroyuki Kawamori, Masayuki Nakagawa, Ryoji Nagoshi, Amane Kozuki, Takumi Inoue, Tsuyoshi Ohsue, Yu Taniguchi, Nishio Ryo, Noritoshi Hiranuma, Ken-ichi Hirata
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Think tank calls for Royal Commission on child protection
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A Royal Commission should be established in the next parliament to advise on the radical redesign of England’s social care and mental health services for vulnerable children and young people, according to the Centre for Social Justice.1

The think tank’s report, Enough is Enough, says that social care and mental health services are in crisis, with large numbers of vulnerable children and young people slipping through the net.

“Child protection and mental health failures in England are like an open wound,” said Christian Guy, …
Follow-up of Dissecting Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Gerald M. Lawrie, George C. Morris
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The first successful emergency surgical therapy of an extensive, acute, ascending dissecting aneurysm of the aorta with severe aortic insufficiency was described in a previous report.<sup>1</sup>Recently, some 15 years later, the patient had recurrent acute aortic insufficiency. This has provided an opportunity to obtain a long-term follow-up. <h3>Report of a Case. —</h3> This 47-year-old physician was admitted to The Methodist Hospital in Houston on Aug 3, 1977, with a three-week history of increasing fatigue, orthopnea, and dyspnea. He had a previous history of an extensive acute dissection of his entire thoracic and abdominal aorta on Aug 15, 1962, and he underwent emergency operation at that time.<sup>1</sup>His immediate postoperative and subsequent course had been entirely uneventful until the recent onset of symptoms. He was seen initially by his cardiologist, who noted that he had moderately severe aortic insufficiency. He was treated with digoxin and
Cell Cycle–Dependent Nuclear Export of Phosphatase and Tensin Homologue Tumor Suppressor Is Regulated by the Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase Signaling Cascade
Authors: Juinn-Lin Liu, Zhenyu Mao, Tiffany A. LaFortune, Marta M. Alonso, Gary E. Gallick, Juan Fueyo, W.K. Alfred Yung
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) plays distinct growth-regulatory roles in the cytoplasm and nucleus. It has been shown to be preferentially localized to the nucleus in differentiated or resting cells, and to the cytoplasm in advanced tumor cells. Thus, the regulation of PTEN's subcellular localization seems to be critical to its tumor-suppressing functions. In this study, we showed that activation of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway triggers PTEN's cell cycle–dependent chromosome region maintenance 1–mediated nuclear export, as PTEN was predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm of TSC2−/− mouse embryo fibroblasts or activated Akt mutant-transfected NIH3T3 cells. In contrast, dominant-negative mutants of Akt and pharmacologic inhibitors of PI3K, mTOR, and S6K1, but not of MEK, suppressed the nuclear export of PTEN during the G1-S transition. The nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking of exogenous PTEN is likewise regulated by the PI3K cascade in PTEN-null U251MG cells. The nuclear export of PTEN could also be blocked by short interfering RNA to S6K1/2. In addition, PTEN interacts with both S6K1 and S6K2. Taken together, our findings strongly indicate that activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/S6K cascade, specifically S6K1/2, is pivotal in regulating the subcellular localization of PTEN. This scenario exemplifies a reciprocal regulation between PI3K and PTEN that defines a novel negative-feedback loop in cell cycle progression. [Cancer Res 2007;67(22):11054–63]
Passive Transfer of Tuberculin Sensitivity to Patients with Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Asuman Ü. Müftüoğlu, Şengün Balkuv
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THE relation of Hodgkin's disease with tuberculosis has attracted the attention of all students of the subject, beginning with Sternberg.1 Later, it was noted that these patients are predisposed to certain mycotic and viral infections besides tuberculosis. The tuberculin skin tests were first systematically applied to cases of Hodgkin's disease by Parker and his co-workers,2 and a high degree of tuberculin negativity was observed even in the presence of active tuberculosis. Schier et al.3 showed a skin anergy not only to tuberculin but to all allergens that elicit the delayed type of skin reaction. Attempts at passive transfer of tuberculin . . .
A Management Strategy for Sore Throat
Authors: Anthony L. Komaroff
Journal: JAMA (1978)

THE CLINICIAN often regards the problem of a sore throat as intellectually trivial and clinically unimportant. Neither attitude is justified. Many etiologic agents remain to be identified, the differential diagnosis is difficult, determination of a treatment strategy is complicated, and the symptom of a sore throat can be associated with or lead to serious illness. Primarily because of its prevalence, sore throat is also a costly problem. Data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, coupled with cost studies by our group, suggest that as much as $300 million per year may be spent on laboratory tests and medications ordered for this problem. A recognition of the substantial costs involved makes it imperative that the actions taken by clinicians in the evaluation and treatment of patients with sore throat be carefully scrutinized. I will present an explicit strategy for management, while discussing some important aspects of the diseases in question.
Facial rash with scarring due to granulomatous vasculitis in rheumatoid disease.
Authors: R White, A Wegman, P Bulpitt, G Wood, A Fleming
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

A 60-year-old man with destructive rheumatoid disease, multiple nodules, and vasculitis developed a facial rash with ulceration and scarring. Histology showed granulomatous vasculitis. The rash was rapidly controlled with oral corticosteroids. Granulomatous vasculitis has not previously been reported as causing this clinical picture in the absence of concomitant necrobiosis and palisading.
HIGH-SENSITIVITY C-REACTIVE PROTEIN PREDICTS 10-YEAR CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOME AFTER PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION WITH DRUG-ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATION
Authors: Jin M. Cheng, Rohit Oemrawsingh, K.M. Akkerhuis, Isabella Kardys, Muzaffer Degertekin, Robert van Geuns, Eric Boersma, Patrick Serruys, Ron van Domburg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Cell Surface Science in Medicine and Pathology
Authors: Franco Quagliata
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This book, by a single author, seems to go against today's widely used team effort approach in an attempt to reach the depth necessary to be informative without being superficial. And it shows. Usually a book by one author, though necessarily lacking somewhat in depth, has the advantage of a unified vision, which allows the reader to "float" easily from one chapter to the next without the need of readjusting to different styles of presentation. Also, the relative emphasis given to the various components is evenly distributed. Here, only the uniformity of literary style points to a single author. The title itself leaves something to be desired, since it contraposes medicine and pathology: much more appropriate might have been "Biology and Medicine (or Pathology)"—isn't pathology a part of medicine? Throughout most of the book, one has the impression of reading a series of theses more than true, up-to-date scientific reviews.
Vaccine programmes must consider their effect on general resistance
Authors: P. Aaby, H. Whittle, C. Stabell Benn
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Recent randomised trials have shown that live vaccines such as measles and BCG enhance general resistance, preventing other infections as well as the target infection. However, current vaccination strategies assume a proportionate response. <b>Peter Aaby</b>, <b>Hilton Whittle</b>, and <b>Christine Stabell Benn</b> argue that we need to rethink our approach
Long survival in acute myelogenous leukaemia.
Authors: N P Lucie, J H Dagg, A G Prentice, A G Smith
Journal: BMJ (1981)

While we recognise that these data are descriptive and uncontrolled they do not show that 80% of patients were happy with the result of their operations.We would be most interested to receive information about the wellbeing of postgastrectomy patients fiom other general practitioners.
Attenuated liver fibrosis in the absence of B cells
Authors: Andrew P. Holt, Zania Stamataki, David H. Adams, Harmut Jaeschke, Kevin Mullen, Darius Moradpour
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Analysis of mononuclear cells in the adult mouse liver revealed that B cells represent as much as half of the intrahepatic lymphocyte population. Intrahepatic B cells (IHB cells) are phenotypically similar to splenic B2 cells but express lower levels of CD23 and CD21 and higher levels of CD5. IHB cells proliferate as well as splenic B cells in response to anti-IgM and LPS stimulation in vitro. VDJ gene rearrangements in IHB cells contain insertions of N,P region nucleotides characteristic of B cells maturing in the adult bone marrow rather than in the fetal liver. To evaluate whether B cells can have an impact on liver pathology, we compared CCl4-induced fibrosis development in B cell-deficient and wild-type mice. CCl4 caused similar acute liver injury in mutant and wild-type mice. However, following 6 weeks of CCl4 treatment, histochemical analyses showed markedly reduced collagen deposition in B cell-deficient as compared with wild-type mice. By analyzing mice that have normal numbers of B cells but lack either T cells or immunoglobulin in the serum, we established that B cells have an impact on fibrosis in an antibody- and T cell-independent manner.
Abstract 2721: Comparative responses of HPV-positive vs HPV-negative head and neck cancer cells to radiation and/or chemotherapeutic drugs
Authors: Randall J. Kimple, Robert Z. Yang, Eric A. Armstrong, Paul F. Lambert, Paul M. Harari
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: HPV is associated with a growing proportion of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), which show improved clinical outcome compared with non-HPV associated HNSCC. Whether this improved outcome reflects enhanced responsiveness to radiation and/or chemotherapy remains unclear. There is little data available regarding the radio- and chemo-sensitivity of HPV-associated HNSCC. We provide detailed analysis of radiation response profiles in verified HPV-positive HNSCC lines. Methods: Degenerate PCR and Southern blot were used to confirm HPV status in HNSCC human tumor cell lines. Clonogenic survival assays were used to assess radiation sensitivity. Proliferation assays were used to assess sensitivity to chemotherapy. Western blot was used to assess EGFR expression, activity, and the effect of EGFR inhibitor treatment. Results: Clonal expansion of existing HPV-positive HNSCC cell lines was performed to confirm the presence of a homogeneous population of cells and HPV-integration status confirmed by Southern Blot. HPV-positive cells were more sensitive to radiation-induced cell death compared to HPV-negative cells using single dose and fractionated radiation exposure regimens. Of the HPV+ cells tested to date, we have seen further radiosensitization with exposure to EGFR inhibitors (e.g., enhancement ratio 1.27 for UM-SCC47 with erlotinib) despite similar response to the EGFR inhibitor alone. HPV+ tumor xenografts have been raised in immunocompromised mice for in vivo radiation and chemotherapy response assessment. Conclusions: Consistent with clinical reports, HPV-associated HNSCC cells exhibit increased sensitivity to radiation. The in vitro sensitivity of HPV-positive HNSCC to chemotherapy is in progress, as is the response evaluation of HPV+ xenografts to radiation and chemotherapy. Underlying molecular mechanisms for altered response profiles in HPV+ HNSCC are considered as they pertain to future clinical trial designs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2721. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2721
Brasilia: modern day Stonehenge
Authors: P D Marsden
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Comparison between aircrew and anaesthetists may not be valid as aircrew are working for the whole of their time on duty whereas anaesthetists are only on call and have long periods of inactivity when they could take rest.Nevertheless, both professions entail con- siderable periods of monitoring interspersed with episodes of high demands on physical and cognitive skills.Aircrew are considered to be on duty whenever they carry out a duty at their employer's request.This includes training and standby duty.Anaesthetists in hospital are on duty and may be called at any time.In our survey work occupied 42% and 62% of the time on call of anaesthetists on rotas A and B respectively and its timing was unpredictable.A resident anaesthetist may reasonably be considered to be working for the whole of the time.In anaesthetic practice cover tor unexpected absence, sickness, examination vivas, etc, is arranged at short notice, resulting in an increased workload for some anaesthetists.Such arrangements are not permitted by CAP 371 if they would cause excessive hours to be worked or if there is insufficient time to plan rest and periods off duty.CAP 371 implies a two way relationship.The employer undertakes to schedule duties within the rules
Copper deficiency causes reversible myelodysplasia
Authors: Jason D. Huff, Yi‐Kong Keung, Mohan Thakuri, Micheal W. Beaty, David D. Hurd, John Owen, István Molnár
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract Copper deficiency is a recognized but often overlooked cause of anemia and neutropenia. We began checking serum copper levels on patients referred for evaluation for unexplained anemia and neutropenia or myelodysplasia. Eight patients were identified as copper deficient (serum copper less than 70 μg/dL). The anemia was normochromic and normocytic in seven patients. Neutropenia was present in seven patients. Seven patients had been referred for evaluation of myelodysplasia. Three were seen for consideration for allogenic stem cell transplant. Five patients had concomitant peripheral neurological symptoms. Seven patients were treated with oral copper gluconate. All treated patients demonstrated a hematological response; seven had a complete remission. The improvement in anemia and neutropenia was rapid with normalization of blood counts within three to four weeks. In one patient, normalization of the underlying marrow dysplasia was demonstrated by bone marrow histology eight months after copper replacement. The cause of copper deficiency was felt to be gastrointestinal malabsorption in five of our patients. We conclude that copper deficiency should be considered in all patients with unexplained anemia and neutropenia or myelodysplasia. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute Poisoning by Cycloserine
Authors: R. Atkins, C. J. Cutting, T. F. Mackintosh
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Preliminary CommunicationsBIRnALnm 907 parasitaemia subsided on the average within three days, and fever in two days.No toxic effects occurred.I am indebted to Mrs. D. Bagster Wilson, who as temporary medical officer of St. Augustine's Hospital, Magila, selected, treated, and observed several of the earlier cases for me.My grateful thanks are also due to Dr. L. P. Sitwell, who returned from leave about half-