tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Children don't think that stimulant drugs for ADHD rob them of their "authenticity" and moral responsibility
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Claims by some observers that stimulant drugs used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) rob children of their “authenticity” and moral responsibility have been refuted by a study that was based on interviews with patients.

Responses from 151 children in the United Kingdom and the United States showed that those who were taking stimulants believed that the drugs helped them pause rather than lash out so that they made better decisions and had more control over their behaviour.

Ilina Singh, reader in bioethics and society at King’s College, London, carried out the ADHD VOICES (voices on identity, childhood, ethics, and stimulants) study to investigate some of the controversies over treatment with stimulant drugs such as methylphenidate.1

The study, funded by the Wellcome Trust, involved interviews with children aged between 9 and 14 years who were either taking stimulants for ADHD, had a diagnosis but were not currently taking treatment (they …
Meningitis associated with sulphasalazine in a patient with Sjogren's syndrome and polyarthritis
Authors: P Merrin, I A Williams
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

<b>A case of meningitis occurring in a 37 year old woman with Sjögren9s syndrome, seropositive arthritis, and a possible overlap syndrome soon after starting sulphasalazine and after subsequent rechallenge is reported.</b>
Methodology of True Pulmonary Blood Volume Determination
Authors: PHILIP SAMET, WILLIAM H. BERNSTEIN, ALFREDO LOPEZ, SYDNEY LEVINE
Journal: Circulation (1966)

"True" pulmonary blood volume has been determined by three indicator-dilution methods in 96 subjects. In two methods a right or left ventricular mixing chamber is interposed between the injection and sampling sites while in the third such a mixing chamber is absent. The results strongly suggest that a ventricular mixing chamber is essential for valid determination of true pulmonary blood volume.
Left Atrial Contractile Function Following a Successful Modified Maze Procedure at Surgery and the Risk for Subsequent Thromboembolic Stroke
Authors: Jonathan Buber, David Luria, Leonid Sternik, Ehud Raanani, Micha S. Feinberg, Ilan Goldenberg, Eyal Nof, Osnat Gurevitz, Michael Eldar, Michael Glikson, Rafael Kuperstein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Circadian clock genes directly regulate expression of the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE3 in the kidney
Authors: Mohammad Saifur Rohman, Noriaki Emoto, Hidemi Nonaka, Ryusuke Okura, Masataka Nishimura, Kazuhiro Yagita, Gijsbertus T.J. Van Der Horst, Masafumi Matsuo, Hitoshi Okamura, Mitsuhiro Yokoyama
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Setting Implementation Research Priorities to Reduce Preterm Births and Stillbirths at the Community Level
Authors: Asha George, Mark Young, Abhay Bang, Kit Yee Chan, Igor Rudan, Cesar G. Victora, Mickey Chopra, Craig Rubens
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

Asha George and colleagues from the GAPPS group report the implementation research priorities to address prematurity and stillbirths at the community level that resulted from their recent expert consensus exercise.
C-Reactive Protein Is Associated With Subclinical Epicardial Coronary Calcification in Men and Women
Authors: Thomas J. Wang, Martin G. Larson, Daniel Levy, Emelia J. Benjamin, Michelle J. Kupka, Warren J. Manning, Melvin E. Clouse, Ralph B. D’Agostino, Peter W.F. Wilson, Christopher J. O’Donnell
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background— High C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, even in apparently healthy individuals. It has not been established whether elevated CRP reflects an increased burden of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. Methods and Results— We studied a stratified random sample of 321 men and women (mean age 60 years) from the Framingham Heart Study who were free of clinically apparent cardiovascular disease. Subjects underwent electron-beam computed tomography to assess the number of coronary calcifications and the coronary artery calcification (CAC) Agatston score. Spearman correlation coefficients between CRP and CAC score were calculated and adjusted for age, age plus individual risk factors, and age plus the Framingham coronary heart disease risk score. For both sexes, CRP was significantly correlated with the Agatston score (age-adjusted Spearman correlation: 0.25 for men, 0.26 for women; both P &lt;0.01). After adjustment for age and Framingham risk score, the correlation remained significant ( P =0.01) for both sexes. Further adjustment for body mass index attenuated the correlation coefficient for women (0.14, P =0.09) but not for men (0.19, P &lt;0.05). Conclusions— High CRP levels are associated with increased coronary calcification. Among individuals with elevated CRP, subclinical atherosclerosis may contribute to an increased risk for future cardiovascular events.
Psychotherapy in Migraine
Authors: R. A. Hunter, I. P. Ross
Journal: BMJ (1960)

In a neurological out-patient department a number of patients complaining of migrainous headaches unassociated with physical disease show little or no response to drugs and tend to become regular attenders.Dissatisfied with this frustrating situation, we decided on a combined approach to ascertain, firstly, to what extent, if any, psychological factors were playing a part; and, secondly, the value of treatment on psychothera- peutic lines.Patients were examined for the presence of physical conditions usually held to precipitate or aggravate migraine; after which they were investigated and treated psychiatrically.Here we present observa- tions and results on 35 patients followed up for a period of 6 to 12 months.
Eli Lilly pays record $1.4bn for promoting off-label use of olanzapine
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The drug giant Eli Lilly has agreed to pay $1.4bn (£1bn; €1.1bn) in settlement for the marketing of its antipsychotic drug olanzapine (Zyprexa) for off-label uses. It is the largest individual corporate fine in history.

The drug, which is licensed for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, was widely promoted by Eli Lilly between September 1999 and November 2003 to treat more common disorders, such as dementia, agitation, aggression, depression, and sleep problems, said the US Department of Justice in a statement. 

The company began its promotion by encouraging doctors who treated people in nursing homes and assisted care facilities to prescribe olanzapine, because one of the drug’s side effects is sedation. It claimed that “this side effect was a therapeutic benefit, not an adverse event.” The sales force used the slogan “5 at 5,” meaning that 5 mg of olanzapine at 5 pm would …
Abrogation of donor T-cell IL-21 signaling leads to tissue-specific modulation of immunity and separation of GVHD from GVL
Authors: Alan M. Hanash, Lucy W. Kappel, Nury L. Yim, Rebecca A. Nejat, Gabrielle L. Goldberg, Odette M. Smith, Uttam K. Rao, Lindsay Dykstra, Il-Kang Na, Amanda M. Holland, Jarrod A. Dudakov, Chen Liu, George F. Murphy, Warren J. Leonard, Glenn Heller, Marcel R. M. van den Brink
Journal: Blood (2011)
Current Practice in Orthopaedic Surgery 1973
Authors: H. Andrew Wissinger
Journal: JAMA (1974)

The editor has gathered a group of authors whose knowledge of their subject, and skill in delivery, is proven and well known. In each section of the book, the contributor supplies the reader with to-the-point background material, most of which is common knowledge to most practicing orthopedists. However, the expertise of the contributors becomes apparent, for over and above the background material, each section offers something special. "Thumb Reconstruction," by Ahstrom, has an excellent bibliography. Fielding handles in his usual graphic manner the vexing problem of diagnosis in the incompletely ossified spine. Godfrey provides the reader with an answer to the immediate postoperative instability that plagues us all following major ligament reconstruction in the knee. Jackson furnishes a candid evaluation of the value of the technique and the demands made on the neophyte arthroscopist. Proper perspective for the surgeon interested in the complete reconstruction of the arthritic knee is supplied
422 IDIOPATHIC PORTAL HYPERTENSION: IMPACT OF HEPATIC VEIN CATHETERIZATION AND TRANSIENT ELASTOGRAPHY ON ITS DIAGNOSIS
Authors: S. Seijo, E. Reverter, A. Berzigotti, J.G. Abraldes, M. Bruguera, J. Bosch, J.C. Garcia-Pagan
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
FIFA 11+: an effective programme to prevent football injuries in various player groups worldwide—a narrative review
Authors: Mario Bizzini, Jiri Dvorak
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

In 2009, FIFA promoted and disseminated the FIFA 11+ injury prevention programme worldwide. Developed and studied by the FIFA Medical Assessment and Research Centre (F-MARC), the programme was based on a randomised controlled study and one countrywide campaign in amateur football that significantly reduced injuries and healthcare costs. Since the FIFA 11+ launch, key publications have confirmed the preventive effects of the programme and have evaluated its performance effects in female as well as male amateur football players. Furthermore, implementation strategies of this prevention programme have also been studied. The goal of this narrative review was to summarise the available scientific evidence about the FIFA 11+ programme. While FIFA continues to disseminate and implement FIFA 11+ among its Member Associations, adaptations of the injury prevention programme for children and referees have been developed and are currently being evaluated.
"Let food be thy medicine..."
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The existence of heterogeneous populations of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons conveying different somatosensory information is the basis for the perception of touch, temperature, and pain. A differential expression of transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels contributes to this functional heterogeneity. However, little is known about the development of functionally diverse neuronal subpopulations. Here, we use calcium imaging of acutely dissociated mouse sensory neurons and quantitative reverse transcription PCR to show that TRP cation channels emerge in waves, with the diversification of functional groups starting at embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5) and extending well into the postnatal life. Functional responses of voltage-gated calcium channels were present in DRG neurons at E11.5 and reached adult levels by E14.5. Responses to capsaicin, menthol, and cinnamaldehyde were first seen at E12.5, E16.5, and postnatal day 0 (P0), when the mRNA for TRP cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 (TRPV1), TRP cation channel, subfamily M, member 8 (TRPM8), and TRP cation channel, subfamily A, member 1 (TRPA1), respectively, was first detected. Cold-sensitive neurons were present before the expression or functional responses of TRPM8 or TRPA1. Our data support a lineage relationship in which TRPM8- and TRPA1-expressing sensory neurons derive from the population of TRPV1-expressing neurons. The TRPA1 subpopulation of neurons emerges independently in two distinct classes of nociceptors: around birth in the peptidergic population and after P14 in the nonpeptidergic class. This indicates that neurons with similar receptive properties can be generated in different sublineages at different developmental stages. This study describes for the first time the emergence of functional subtypes of sensory neurons, providing new insight into the development of nociception and thermoreception.
Heterogeneity of Coronary Flow Reserve in the Examination of Multiple Individual Allograft Coronary Arteries
Authors: Thomas L. Wolford, Thomas J. Donohue, Richard G. Bach, John H. Drury, Eugene A. Caracciolo, Morton J. Kern, Leslie W. Miller
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Epicardial and resistance vessel function in the transplanted heart has been evaluated primarily in regions supplied by a single vessel. Heterogeneity of flow among multiple perfusion fields as a marker of early endothelial dysfunction in the microcirculation has not been evaluated previously. This study tested the hypothesis that increased variability of coronary flow reserve (CFR) among multiple vascular regions would be associated with allograft coronary vasculopathy.One hundred six posttransplant patients undergoing cardiac catheterization had measurement of CFR in at least 3 major epicardial vessels. Patients were divided into those with minimal angiographic abnormalities (n=37) and those with no angiographic abnormalities (n=69). The ranges, coefficients of variation, and univariate and multivariate regression analyses of CFR were computed to determine the major clinical factors influencing the degree of variability. The abnormal angiographic group was older (54+/-11 versus 47+/-13 years; P<0.003), had older hearts (35+/-11 versus 27+/-10 years; P<0.005), and were further posttransplant (1626+/-1022 versus 931+/-984 days; P<0.0009). There was no difference in global CFR between groups (normal, 3.4+/-0.8 versus abnormal, 3.4+/-0.7; P=NS). The coefficient of variation of CFR was higher for the abnormal group (16.3+/-8.6% versus 11.0+/-5.5%; P<0. 0006). Univariate and multivariate predictors of increased variability in CFR included angiographic abnormalities, patient age, and body mass index. Both angiographic abnormalities and an elevated CV of CFR were predictive of a combined end point of death, congestive heart failure, or subsequent development of >/=50% coronary stenosis.These data demonstrate that increased variability of CFR is associated with discernible allograft coronary arteriopathy and is predictive of outcome in patients after heart transplantation.
Whole-Genome Sequencing for Rapid Susceptibility Testing of <i>M. tuberculosis</i>
Authors: Claudio U. Köser, Josephine M. Bryant, Jennifer Becq, M. Estée Török, Matthew J. Ellington, Marc A. Marti-Renom, Andrew J. Carmichael, Julian Parkhill, Geoffrey P. Smith, Sharon J. Peacock
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

As reported here, whole-genome sequencing has the potential to rapidly facilitate the determination of antimicrobial susceptibility, especially for slower-growing pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Liver Transplantation: Practice and Management
Authors: T E Starzl
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Ed James Neuberger, Michael R Lucey, BMJ, £34.95, pp 400, ISBN 0-7279-0787-5.

Most patients return after liver transplantation to the care of the referring family doctors, who are then confronted with an avalanche of unfamiliar management problems. Neuberger and Lucey have resolved the impasse with a collection of essays covering the issues that bind the tertiary care centres with satellite physicians. …
Use of Polarized-Light Microscopy as an Aid in the Diagnosis of Silicosis
Authors: Sidney Goldsmith, Arnold Kopeloff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

THE clinical diagnosis of silicosis is based on a detailed occupational history of significant exposure to silica and characteristic serial chest roentgenograms. However, there may be attendant difficulty in satisfying these criteria for the following reasons: the exposure to silica may be intermittent and may have antedated the clinically apparent disease by twenty to thirty years; and the roentgenograms of the chest can simulate other pathologic processes, including miliary tuberculosis, Boeck's sarcoid, bronchiolar carcinoma, metastatic carcinoma and pulmonary mycoses.Therefore, the clinician may occasionally require a histologic verification for a presumptive diagnosis of silicosis.Since silica particles readily course the . . .
Paroxysmal Auricular Tachycardia with Auriculo-ventricular Block
Authors: E. Fletcher, C. F. Brennan
Journal: BMJ (1957)

Several processing treatments were used in conjunction with simulated mechanical harvest and subsequent gondola transport to define problems posed by mechanical harvest and to suggest possible solutions. Holding times prior to the start of winery processing were found to be critical. Of the several treatments, field crushing and stemming was preferred.
1 Adrenoceptor mediated decrease in pHi in quiescent ventricular myocardium
Authors: S. Shida, H. Nakaya, S. Matsumoto, M. Kanno
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article β1 Adrenoceptor mediated decrease in pHi in quiescent ventricular myocardium Get access Satoru Shida, Satoru Shida Departments of Pharmacology and Paediatrics, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan: S Shida, S Matsumoto, M Kanno; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260, Japan: H Nakaya. Correspondence to Dr Nakaya. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Haruaki Nakaya, Haruaki Nakaya Departments of Pharmacology and Paediatrics, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan: S Shida, S Matsumoto, M Kanno; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260, Japan: H Nakaya. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Shuzo Matsumoto, Shuzo Matsumoto Departments of Pharmacology and Paediatrics, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan: S Shida, S Matsumoto, M Kanno; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260, Japan: H Nakaya. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mono Kanno Mono Kanno Departments of Pharmacology and Paediatrics, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan: S Shida, S Matsumoto, M Kanno; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260, Japan: H Nakaya. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 1, January 1994, Pages 112–118, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.1.112 Published: 01 January 1994 Article history Received: 25 May 1993 Accepted: 23 September 1993 Published: 01 January 1994
IMPERVIOUS RECTUM: SUCCESSFUL OPERATION
Authors: R. M. Mann
Journal: BMJ (1855)

1~Un~k ae ainoe always able to bar this s is of counteriritation in prefernce to mustard poultioes, and for a longer time, and the effects ae certainly less painful, and as tin.Here, also, however, the surface over which it alie should be large.The remedy, if only partially applied, is of little value.Among the medicines which promote expectoration, etc., I have found the most useful to be- (c) Smal doses of calomel, and tartar emetic in quarter gr doses, given at first.I give the calomel as an alter- ative, or occasional purgative, not with a view to touch the mouth.The tartar emetic is certain as an expectorant and sudorific.The secret of its employment, I believe, is to give it in the early periods-the first three or four days-and not to persist in its employment too long, else it weakens the patient a good deal, and depression of the system will not cure pneumonia.By the use of these remedies, the inflammation may be generally checked by the third, fourth, or fifth day, and the fever so reduced as not to require more active treatment.So soon as the fever, how- ever, is reduced, and even before, if any irritative or hectic excitement supervenes, I conjoin cod-liver oil.I will not here give an explanation of its operation; I must be
Electrophysiological aspects of human sphincter function
Authors: Thomas J. Ustach, Fabio Tobon, Terry Hambrecht, D. David Bass, Marvin M. Schuster
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

In order to investigate the electrophysiology of the human internal anal sphincter and two current concepts of sphincter function, simultaneous manometric and electrical recordings were made from circular smooth muscle of the internal anal sphincter in the resting state and during reflexly induced sphincter relaxation. Three groups were studied: seven normal subjects, 25 patients with functional bowel disease, and seven patients with external sphincter paralysis due to spinal cord lesions. In the resting state slow waves of alternating potential (basic electrical rhythm or BER) were recorded in all subjects. Two types of waves were present, a constant sinusoidal pattern or a spindleshaped pattern. Either pattern was consistent for a given individual. Frequency of BER in the internal sphincter was higher than that recorded in any other gastrointestinal muscle. Our findings indicate that the BER recorded from the internal anal sphincter originates in this muscle. This activity may represent a specialized feature of sphincteric muscle since BER cannot be recorded from isolated nonsphincteric circular muscle.
Stimulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Sodium, Potassium--Adenosinetriphosphatase by Vasodilators
Authors: CONSTANTINOS J. LIMAS, JAY N. COHN
Journal: Circulation Research (1974)

A ouabain-sensitive, Mg 2+ -dependent, Na + , K + -stimulated adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) isolated from canine mesenteric arteries was activated by the following vasodilators: hydralazine, diazoxide, PGE 1 , PGE 2 , PGA 2 , and minoxidil. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and isoproterenol also stimulated the ATPase, but PGF 2α was ineffective. Since these vasodilators activate the adenylate cyclase of vascular smooth muscle, the effects of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and theophylline on the Na + , K + -ATPase were studied; both substances caused a concentration-dependent increase in enzymatic activity. Propranolol blocked the catecholamine-induced stimulation of Na + , K + -ATPase, and polyphloretin phosphate antagonized the effects of the prostaglandins. It is concluded that vasodilatation in response to these substances is associated with the stimulation of the Na + , K + -ATPase of vascular smooth muscle probably mediated through cyclic AMP.
Venography as a Guide to the Surgery of Stasis Ulcer of the Leg
Authors: Edward W. Friedman, E. Marvin Henken, Edward D. Frank
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

THE pathogenesis of chronic stasis ulcer of the leg is not well understood. It is generally accepted that an important factor is excessive venous pressure in the leg. In strong support of this concept is the observation that elevation of the extremity nearly always results in prompt healing, provided that the arterial supply is adequate. However, when the patient resumes the erect position, the pressure in the veins is increased once again, and the ulcer commonly recurs.The development of methods for the prevention of recurrence of these lesions has occupied the attention of many groups.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 That permanent cure is . . .
Characteristics of sleep-disordered breathing in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Susumu Kashine, Ken Kishida, Tohru Funahashi, Yasuhiko Nakagawa, Michio Otuki, Kohei Okita, Hiromi Iwahashi, Shinji Kihara, Tadashi Nakamura, Yuji Matsuzawa, Iichiro Shimomura
Journal: Metabolism (2009)