tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tuberculosis of the Mandible Presenting as 'Lumpy Jaw'
Authors: Ronald B. Addlestone
Journal: JAMA (1979)

TUBERCULOSIS of the mandible has been diagnosed infrequently since the advent of effective antituberculosis medication. Initially, localized swelling of the jaw may be considered to represent pyogenic abscess or confused with actinomycosis of the mandible ("lumpy jaw"). We describe here a recent case in which a tuberculous cystic lesion of the mandible was initially misdiagnosed as "lumpy jaw." <h3>Report of a Case</h3> An 18-year-old, black college student was hospitalized with a six-week history of a swollen left jaw and a one-week history of a "lump" on the right leg. She had experienced pain around a wisdom tooth prior to the jaw swelling. Approximately four weeks prior to admission, she began taking oral penicillin G potassium as prescribed by her dentist. Approximately one week prior to admission, she noted a localized swelling and tenderness over the lateral aspect of the proximal end of the right lower leg. Three days prior to
Influence of hypertonic mannitol on ventricular performance and coronary blood flow in patients.
Authors: J T Willerson, G C Curry, J M Atkins, R Parkey, L D Horwitz
Journal: Circulation (1975)

The influence of a relatively small increase in serum osmolality produced by hypertonic mannitol on ventricular and systemic arterial hemodynamics and coronary blood flow was studied in 20 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Mannitol given to increase serum osmolality 10 mOsm resulted in a small but significant increase in mean systemic arterial pressure, maximum LV dp/dt, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and cardiac output but no significant change in heart rate or hematocrit. The most prominent change in the patients studied, however, was in coronary blood flow which increased 39% after mannitol. Patients with severe two and three vessel coronary artery disease had increased in coronary blood flow similar to those in patients without coronary artery disease. The data suggest the need to further evaluate the physiological importance of the increase in coronary blood flow produced by mannitol in patients with coronary artery disease and indicate the possibility that mannitol might be of value in treating certain problems in patients with coronary artery disease,
Complete T and B cell receptor repertoire analysis in rheumatoid arthritis using high throughput sequencing
Authors: P. L. Klarenbeek, M. E. Doorenspleet, B. D. C. van Schaik, M. M. Herenius, M. E. Jakobs, T. Cantaert, D. L. P. Baeten, A. H. C. van Kampen, F. Baas, P. P. Tak, N. de Vries
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

T cells and B cells are likely to have important roles in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previous attempts to investigate the role of T and B cell clones in RA by screening the T/B cell receptor (TCR/BCR) repertoires were hampered by the sheer size and complexity of the repertoires. Here the authors use a novel high throughput sequencing-based protocol which overcomes current technological limitations and produces DNA sequences of >100 000 receptors in a single experiment. Using this technique, the authors …
Activin Receptors and Cellular Signaling by the Receptor Serine Kinase Family
Authors: LAWRENCE S. MATHEWS
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1994)

AN EMERGING theme in cell signaling research is the multifunctional nature of many growth factors and cytokines. Proteins purified based on distinct activities are often found to have identical structures; furthermore, different members of large growth factor families have similar, although subtly distinct, effects on diverse sets of cells. Such related factors often have related receptors, activation of which turns on common cellular signaling pathways. Understanding both the specificity and the overlap of growth factor signaling will involve elucidation of the unique and shared features of those receptors and their intracellular targets. The activins are growth and differentiation factors that are produced by, and exert effects on, a broad range of cells and tissues (reviewed in Refs. 1–5). With the cloning of several activin receptors, as well as the development of biological models for assessing activin and activin receptor function, substantial progress has been made in understanding the mechanism of action of these potent molecules.
The Utility of CPR in Elderly Persons
Authors: Clive Weston
Journal: JAMA (1991)

To the Editor.—  Longstreth et al 1 demonstrate the benefit of resuscitation in elderly patients. I was concerned that some of the data presented did not agree with information published previously from the same center. In particular, the proportion of patients presenting with an initial rhythm of ventricular fibrillation—37%—is far lower than before.  Between April 1976 and August 1977, 63% of attempted resuscitations in  were for ventricular fibrillation. 2 Last year, in a review of the Seattle perspective, Greene 3 cited research showing that 75% of resuscitation attempts were for ventricular fibrillation. This latter work related to the period 1971 through 1987 and therefore includes many of the cases reported by Longstreth et al.  In Britain, the most complete audits of paramedic systems have shown that ventricular fibrillation accounts for about 35% of initial rhythms. We have compared these figures with the previously reported American figure of about 75%
Prospective monitoring for adverse reactions to drugs in general practice.
Authors: M Drury, F M Hull
Journal: BMJ (1981)

An assessment of mental impairment and behavioural disabilities in 289 residents in six old people's homes indicated that 50 6% were probably demented and 54% needed considerable help in daily living, 74% were taking prescribed medication, and 11% were taking four or more prescribed drugs.There was a wide variation between homes in those rated as behaviourally disabled, and in the amount of medication prescribed.A follow-up of 60 mentally impaired residents showed few remediable psychiatric disorders or psychotoxic drug effects.A community psychiatric nurse working with the psycho- geriatric team would provide a useful support service to
Role of GLI2 Transcription Factor in Growth and Tumorigenicity of Prostate Cells
Authors: Saravanan Thiyagarajan, Neehar Bhatia, Shannon Reagan-Shaw, Diana Cozma, Andrei Thomas-Tikhonenko, Nihal Ahmad, Vladimir S. Spiegelman
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Aberrant activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has been reported in various cancer types including prostate cancer. The GLI2 transcription factor is a primary mediator of Hh signaling. However, its relative contribution to development of prostate tumors is poorly understood. To establish the role of GLI2 in maintaining the tumorigenic properties of prostate cancer cells, we developed GLI2-specific small hairpin RNA. Knockdown of GLI2 in these cells resulted in significant down-regulation of the Hh signaling pathway, followed by inhibition of colony formation, anchorage-independent growth, and growth of xenografts in vivo. Conversely, ectopic expression of Gli2 in nontumorigenic prostate epithelial cells resulted in accelerated cell cycle progression, especially transition through G(2)-M, and augmented proliferation. Altogether, our findings suggest that GLI2 plays a critical role in the malignant phenotype of prostate cancer cells, and GLI2 may potentially become an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of prostate cancer.
The Effectiveness of Ovarian Cancer Screening: A Decision Analysis Model
Authors: Marilyn M. Schapira
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

To estimate the effectiveness of ovarian cancer screening with CA 125 and transvaginal sonography.Decision analysis was used to examine the no-screen compared with the screen strategy.Estimates of cancer incidence, survival, and life expectancy were derived from population-based data and clinical series.A cohort of 40-year-old women of all races and residing in the United States.A one-time screening intervention. The criterion standard for diagnosis of ovarian cancer was evaluation with exploratory laparotomy.Average years of life expectancy gained by women in the screened group.Screening for ovarian cancer with a combination of CA 125 and transvaginal sonography increases the average life expectancy in the population by less than 1 day.Given the limited effect on overall life expectancy, it is unlikely that mass screening for ovarian cancer with CA 125 and transvaginal sonography would be an effective health policy.
901-100 Prognostic Value of Technetium-99m Sestamibi Myocardial Tomography One Month After Successful Angioplasty: Comparison to Peri-procedural Angiographic and Intracoronary Doppler Flow Velocity Parameters
Authors: D. Douglas Miller, José Esparza, Leslee J. Shaw, Carol Mechem, Sheila L. Byers, Frank V. Aguirre, Henry M. Goodgold, Morton J. Kern, Thomas J. Donohue
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Age-related changes in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase and alpha-smooth muscle actin gene expression in aortas of normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Authors: T H Le Jemtel, F Lambert, D O Levitsky, M Clergue, M Anger, G Gabbiani, A M Lompré
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

The expression of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+)-ATPase gene and the SR Ca2+ pump function were investigated in thoracic aortas of 5- and 17-week-old normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The relative level of the two isoforms of SR Ca(2+)-ATPase mRNA expressed in the aorta (i.e., SERCA 2a and SERCA 2b) was determined by quantitative S1 nuclease protection analysis and normalized to the level of alpha-smooth muscle (alpha-Sm) actin mRNA. The level of alpha-Sm actin mRNA itself was normalized to the level of 18S ribosomal RNA using slot-blot hybridization assays. Total SR Ca2+ pump activity was estimated by measuring the rate of oxalate-supported Ca2+ uptake in homogenates. At 5 weeks, the amount of SERCA 2a and SERCA 2b mRNA, normalized to 18S ribosomal RNA, and the ratio of alpha-Sm actin mRNA to 18S RNA were identical in SHR and WKY rats. The Ca2+ pump activity was similar in the two strains of rats at 5 weeks. From 5 to 17 weeks, the amount of SERCA 2a mRNA increased in both strains while the level of SERCA 2b mRNA remained constant. The Ca2+ pump activity was unchanged in SHRs and tended to decrease in WKY rats. Accordingly, the change in the ratio of the SR Ca(2+)-ATPase mRNA isoforms does not appear to influence SR function. The level of alpha-Sm actin mRNA and SERCA 2a mRNA increased in parallel from 5 to 17 weeks in both strains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effects of ULTRAfiltration vs. DIureticS on clinical, biohumoral and haemodynamic variables in patients with deCOmpensated heart failure: the ULTRADISCO study
Authors: Cristina Giglioli, Daniele Landi, Emanuele Cecchi, Marco Chiostri, Gian Franco Gensini, Serafina Valente, Mauro Ciaccheri, Gabriele Castelli, Salvatore Mario Romano
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
Cancer and Slow Virus Diseases — Some Common Features
Authors: Ludwik Gross
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Experimental evidence is now available demonstrating that the great majority of malignant tumors in animals, as well as the leukemias and lymphomas, are caused by transmissible oncogenic viruses. These viruses are widely disseminated in a variety of animal species and most probably in human beings; they are frugal and moderate in their requirements, causing no harm to their carrier hosts. However, when triggered by a variety of metabolic, hormonal or chemical factors or by ionizing radiation, they become pathogenic and cause the development of malignant tumors or leukemia in their hosts.1 Oncogenic viruses probably represent a very old, latent infection . . .
A molecular link between inflammation and fibrogenesis: The bacterial microflora influences hepatic fibrosis via toll-like receptor 4–dependent modification of transforming growth factor-β signaling in hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Tom Luedde, Christian Trautwein
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Hepatic injury is associated with a defective intestinal barrier and increased hepatic exposure to bacterial products. Here we report that the intestinal bacterial microflora and a functional Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), but not TLR2, are required for hepatic fibrogenesis. Using Tlr4-chimeric mice and in vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, we demonstrate that quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the main precursors for myofibroblasts in the liver, are the predominant target through which TLR4 ligands promote fibrogenesis. In quiescent HSCs, TLR4 activation not only upregulates chemokine secretion and induces chemotaxis of Kupffer cells, but also downregulates the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β pseudoreceptor Bambi to sensitize HSCs to TGF-β–induced signals and allow for unrestricted activation by Kupffer cells. LPS-induced Bambi downregulation and sensitization to TGF-β is mediated by a MyD88–NF-κB–dependent pathway. Accordingly, Myd88-deficient mice have decreased hepatic fibrosis. Thus, modulation of TGF-β signaling by a TLR4-MyD88–NF-κB axis provides a novel link between proinflammatory and profibrogenic signals.
The Association of Mono-myelogenous Leukemia with Tuberculosis. One Disease or Two?
Authors: Mortimer S. Greenberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 February 1964The Association of Mono-myelogenous Leukemia with Tuberculosis. One Disease or Two?Mortimer S. Greenberg, M.D., F.A.C.P., Joseph Cohen, M.D.Mortimer S. Greenberg, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Joseph Cohen, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-2-333_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIt is recognized that hematologic abnormalities may occur in patients with tuberculosis. At times the blood changes are so marked as to suggest the diagnosis of leukemia. Differentiation between leukemoid reactions to tuberculosis and unrelated leukemia is difficult because of the lack of definitive criteria for these diagnoses. The purpose of this paper is to present four patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in whom the presenting manifestations were those of monomyelogenous leukemia and to point out the difficulties in diagnosis.In two of these patients, the pulmonary lesions of long-standing tuberculosis were present and tubercle bacilli were readily demonstrated in the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Mortimer S. Greenberg, M.D., F.A.C.P.; Joseph Cohen, M.D.Affiliations: Boston, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1964Volume 60, Issue 2_Part_1Page: 333-334KeywordsBloodLesionsLeukemoid ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
Principles and Practice of Research: Strategies for Surgical Investigators
Authors: Alvin M. Cotlar
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The reluctance with which I began reading<i>Principles and Practice of Research</i>rapidly changed to delight as I realized that this review was to be a "treat instead of a treatment." I reflected on how I had entered the surgical laboratory 30 years ago, not unlike other surgical trainees taking time out for research, totally unprepared for the challenge. How does one begin the research process? What are the available strategies? What ethics apply? How does one critically review the work of others? Why animal experimentation? Why human? How does one report the work? Is there more to this than χ<sup>2</sup>or the<i>t</i>test? The authors in a most readable form begin with a historical and philosophical perspective on surgical research. From this point on, nothing is missing. Excellent sections are devoted to literature review; statistical analysis, including the use of computers; choosing an applicable technique of study;
Activation and function of cyclin T–Cdk9 (positive transcription elongation factor-b) in cardiac muscle-cell hypertrophy
Authors: Motoaki Sano, Maha Abdellatif, Hidemasa Oh, Min Xie, Luigi Bagella, Antonio Giordano, Lloyd H. Michael, Francesco J. DeMayo, Michael D. Schneider
Journal: Nature Medicine (2002)
A Serological Reaction Associated with Sarcoidosis of Boeck.
Authors: J. S. Chapman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1961)

s1 May 1961A Serological Reaction Associated with Sarcoidosis of Boeck.J. S. Chapman, M.D., (Assoc.)J. S. Chapman, M.D., (Assoc.)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-54-5-1062_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSera of 33 patients with sarcoidosis or the benign hilar adenopathy syndrome have been studied by Ouchterlony double diffusion in agar. Antigens have consisted of defatted tuberculin-like material derived from type strains of anonymous Mycobacteria. These sera were obtained from several distinct geographic areas of the United States.Twenty-eight of the 33 patients produced at least two bands against scotochromogenic antigens. Secondary reactions against photochromogenic and nonchromogenic antigens were found in a number of sera, but these reactions had a geographic variation corresponding to reported frequency of these organisms.Three local patients when first seen possessed no detectable antibodies, but... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: J. S. Chapman, M.D., (Assoc.)Affiliations: Dallas, Tex. (CI) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe chemistry of cycloheptatriene: Part IX: Thermal interconversion of 2,7- and 2,3-dihydrotropone by transannular 1-5 shifts of hydrogenThe chemistry of cycloheptatriene: Part V: Reactions of tropone and 2-chlorotropone with Grignard reagents 1 May 1961Volume 54, Issue 5Page: 1062-1062KeywordsAntibodiesAntigensGeographic areasMycobacteriaSarcoidosis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1961 PDF downloadLoading ...
Damage control resuscitation for patients with major trauma
Authors: J. O Jansen, R. Thomas, M. A Loudon, A. Brooks
Journal: BMJ (2009)

#### Summary points

Military conflict has always driven innovation and technical advances in medicine and surgery. Accepted concepts of trauma resuscitation and surgery have been challenged in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, and novel approaches have been developed to address the current complexity and severity of military trauma.1 A number of these new strategies have evolved into a single seamless approach that extends from the point of wounding to surgery, and on to critical care. Although the precise contribution of medical care is difficult to ascertain, better trauma management has almost certainly contributed to a remarkable reduction in the lethality of war wounds. Only 10% of United States servicemen wounded in Iraq and Afghanistan between 2003 and 2009 died, compared with 24% in the first Gulf War (1990-1991) and Vietnam War (1961-1973).w1 Initially derived from clinical experience, new concepts in caring for the injured have been refined with experiment and study and have been translated back to the battlefield in a dynamic process.2 Many of these advances are also relevant to trauma care in civilian practice. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of a new approach …
Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Peter Lamont
Journal: BMJ (2005)

a banner headline on the front page of a popular tabloid newspaper read: "Cancer danger of folic acid" on the basis of a paper by Charles et al on taking folate in pregnancy and risk of maternal breast cancer. 1 2 Although coverage in the broadsheets was more balanced, the overall message would inevitably cause concern to women taking folate to reduce the risk of fetal neural tube defect in a desired pregnancy.Despite the likelihood that the most likely explanation for the reported association is chance, as reported in the commentary to the paper, 2 numerous susceptible women will probably not take folate, and some of these may conceive fetuses with neural tube defects.In addition, what company or government will take responsibility for fortification of wheat and corn flour with folate, now that this question has been raised?The authors themselves point out that the numbers are small and the confidence intervals large.The risk was also associated with a much larger dose of folate than is routinely used to reduce the risk of neural tube defects.Those who write such papers and those who publish them cannot disclaim ethical responsibility for how the data are interpreted and must consider more carefully their ethical responsibilities in such situations.
Abstract 3599: The plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of satraplatin after intravenous administration in non-human primates
Authors: Leigh J. Marcus, Robert F. Murphy, Elizabeth Fox, Cynthia L. McCully, Rafeal Cruz, Kathy Warren, Frank M. Balis, Brigitte C. Widemann, Thorsten Meyer
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Satraplatin is an orally bioavailable platinum analog with preclinical activity (IC50 range in tumor cell lines 0.04 - 16 µM) in cisplatin sensitive and resistant models and clinical activity in adults with refractory cancers including prostate cancer. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) penetration of cisplatin and carboplatin in non-human primates (NHP) is limited (3.6% and 3.8%, respectively). We evaluated the plasma and CSF pharmacokinetics (PK) of satraplatin, which is more lipophilic than other platinum analogs, after an intravenous (IV) dose in a NHP model. Methods: Satraplatin 120 mg/m2 was administered as 1 h IV infusion in DMSO (5%) and normal saline to 5 NHP. Serial blood and CSF samples were obtained over 48 hours. Plasma was separated immediately and ultrafiltrate (UF) was prepared by centrifugation through a Microcon 10K MWCO filter. CSF was obtained from an indwelling Ommaya reservoir (n=4) or from a temporary lumbar catheter (n=1). Platinum was quantified in the plasma UF and CSF using a validated atomic absorption spectroscopy assay with lower limit of quantification of 0.03 µM in UF and CSF. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using non-compartmental analyses. CSF penetration was calculated from the AUCCSF:AUCPlasma. Results: Satraplatin was well tolerated by all NHP. Pharmacokinetic parameters (median and range) for satraplatin plasma UF were Cmax 8.3 (5.7-10.6) µM, AUC0-48h 28.3 (22.6-33.2) µM·h, AUC0-inf 34.2 (24.7-38.2) µM·h, clearance 3.6 (2.4-4.3) L/h, and t1/2 18.8 (13.4-25) h. Satraplatin was detected in the CSF of all NHP. For the 4 NHP with Ommaya reservoirs PK parameters were: tmax 1.5 (1.3-2.1) h from the start of infusion, Cmax 0.07 (0.02-0.12) µM, AUC0-48h 1.2 (0.49-2.43) µM·h, ratio AUC0-48h CSF:AUC0-48h Plasma was 4.3 (2.2-7.4) %. For the NHP with lumbar catheter and limited CSF samples the tmax was 1.1 h, and Cmax was 0.62 µM. Conclusions: Satraplatin penetration into CSF is similar to that of carboplatin and cisplatin, despite its greater lipophilicity. The development of a phase I trial of satraplatin for refractory childhood solid tumors including brain tumors is in progress. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3599.