tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Relationship of Asymptomatic Hypoglycemia to Cognitive Function in IDDM
Authors: Michael P Golden, Gary M Ingersoll, Catherine J Brack, Barbara A Russell, James C Wright, Thomas J Huberty
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

Early-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is linked to subsequent learning deficits. To investigate the relationship of learning deficits to metabolic control, 23 children with IDDM (age at testing 71 ± 21 mo, age at diagnosis 35 ± 15 mo) diagnosed before 5 yr of age were followed for periods of 6–78 mo. Mean glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA,), episodes of severe hypoglycemia, and frequency of self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG) measurements &amp;lt;2.8 mM (50 mg/dl, asymptomatic hypoglycemia) were recorded every 3 mo. Six subjects entered the study 12.3 ± 6.7 mo after diagnosis, and only severe hypoglycemia was present before entry. For the remaining 17 subjects, HbA, and severe and asymptomatic hypoglycemia were present from the time of diagnosis of diabetes. Mean HbA, level was 10.1 ± 1.0%, and mean severe hypoglycemic episodes per patient was 2.9, but the frequency was highly skewed; one patient had 37 episodes, and 14 had none. The mean percentage of SMBG readings &amp;lt;2.8 mM was 2.4 ± 2.1. On the revised Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale there was no correlation between any subscale and severe hypoglycemia. However, the relative frequency of asymptomatic hypoglycemia correlated with scores on the abstract/visual reasoning scale (r = –.39, P = .037). This relationship was primarily accounted for by the relationship of asymptomatic hypoglycemia to performance on the copying subscale (r = –.42, P = .022). Children with frequent asymptomatic hypoglycemic episodes had lower mean copying scores and abstract reasoning scores than those with infrequent episodes. These findings are consistent with those of previous crosssectional studies of early-onset IDDM and extend previous results by suggesting that hypoglycemia, even if mild or asymptomatic, may be related to the neuropsychological changes previously described.
Forensic Medical Science: The Continued Problems of Judges and Juries
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

A little noticed but disturbing confrontation between forensic medical scientists and the American judge and jury system occurred in a New York City courtroom in the past year.The trial was a dramatic situation. The male defendant was charged with the brutal murder of a woman. When he was arrested, blood was found on his jacket. He claimed it was his own, caused by bleeding when he injected himself with heroin. The classic problem of forensic science over the years was again presented: a matter of identification. The prosecution was challenging the defendant's statement by an attempt to show that . . .
Long term backache after childbirth: prospective search for causative factors
Authors: R. Russell, R. Dundas, F. Reynolds
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To assess in a prospective randomised study the association between motor block resulting from high and low dose epidural infusions of bupivacaine in labour and the incidence of long term backache after childbirth, and to compare the incidence of backache in women not receiving epidural analgesia. <b>Design</b>: Women requesting epidural analgesia in labour between October 1991 and March 1994 were randomised to receive infusions of either bupivacaine alone or low dose bupivacaine with opioid. Data were collected during labour and the immediate postpartum period from these women and from women recruited at random over the same time from those who had laboured without epidural analgesia. A postal questionnaire about symptoms was sent three months after childbirth to all women. Further data were collected one year after childbirth from those who had reported new backache at three months. <b>Setting</b>: St Thomas9s Hospital, London. <b>Subjects</b>: 599 women were recruited, of whom 450 (75%) replied to a follow up questionnaire. <b>Results</b>: 152 women (33.8% of responders) reported backache lasting three months after delivery and, of these, 33 (7.3%) had not previously suffered with backache. There were no significant differences between the treatment groups in the incidence of postnatal backache overall or of new backache or any symptoms after childbirth. Among all demographic, obstetric, and epidural variables examined the only factors significantly associated with backache after childbirth were backache before and during pregnancy. <b>Conclusions</b>: The incidence of new long term backache was not significantly increased in women who received epidural analgesia in labour. Motor block resulting from epidural local anaesthetic administration was not a significant factor in the development of backache. <h3>Key messages</h3> About half of all women suffer backache during pregnancy, but many forget this when questioned retrospectively A prospective study showed that the incidence of new postpartum backache is 7.3 The use of epidural analgesia in labour had no effect on the incidence of postpartum backache In a randomised trial motor block in labour was not associated with an increase the incidence of backache
Investigating the determinants of international differences in the prevalence of chronic widespread pain: evidence from the European Male Ageing Study
Authors: G J Macfarlane, S R Pye, J D Finn, F C W Wu, A J Silman, G Bartfai, S Boonen, F Casanueva, G Forti, A Giwercman, T S Han, I T Huhtaniemi, K Kula, M E J Lean, T W O’Neill, N Pendleton, M Punab, D Vanderschueren
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

To determine whether among middle-aged and elderly men there is evidence of international differences in the prevalence of chronic widespread pain (CWP) and whether any such differences could be explained by psychological, psychosocial factors or differences in physical health status.The European Male Ageing Study (EMAS) sampled from population registers in cities (centres) of eight European countries. Each centre recruited an age-stratified sample of men aged 40-79 years. Information on pain was collected by questionnaire and subjects were classified according to whether they satisfied the American College of Rheumatology definition of CWP. Information was collected on social status, mental health, recent life events and co-morbidities.Across all centres 3963 subjects completed a study questionnaire, with participation rates ranging from 24% in Hungary to 72% in Estonia. There were significant differences in prevalence: between 5% and 7% in centres in Italy, England, Belgium and Sweden, 9-15% in centres in Spain, Poland and Hungary and 15% in Estonia. There were strong relationships between poor mental health, adverse recent life events, co-morbidities and CWP. Adjustment for these factors explained between half and all of the excess risk in the eastern European centres: the excess risk in Poland was explained (odds ratio (OR) 1.1, 95% CI 0.9 to 1.2) but there remained excess risk in Hungary (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.4 to 1.8) and Estonia (OR 2.6, 95% CI 2.2 to 2.9).This study is the first directly to compare the occurrence of CWP internationally. There is an excess prevalence in countries of eastern Europe and this excess is associated with adverse psychosocial factors as well as poorer psychological and physical health.
Effect of Topical Glucocorticoid Treatment on Nasal Mucosal Mast Cells in Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Ulf Pipkorn
Journal: Allergy (1983)

Glococorticoids were previously considered not to affect the immediate allergic reaction. However, in a nasal allergen challenge, an inhibitory effect on the nasal symptoms induced at the challenge has been shown to occur in patients treated with a recently developed Glucocorticoid, budesonide, for 1 week prior to the challenge. This treatment was also found to reduce tissue histamine levels in the nasal mucosa. Mast cells in the mucosa were therefore studied with a view to finding out whether this reduction could be due to a reduction of mast cells. A double‐blind study was performed in 14 asymptomatic patients. Nasal biopsies were made before and after I week's treatment with either budesonide or placebo. The number of mast cells was counted in two Epon sections after the specimens has undergone specific staining with toluidine blue. No quantitative or qualitative morphological changes in the mast cells were found as a result of treatment.
Two Common Chromosome 8q24 Variants Are Associated with Increased Risk for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Liang Wang, Shannon K. McDonnell, Joshua P. Slusser, Scott J. Hebbring, Julie M. Cunningham, Steven J. Jacobsen, James R. Cerhan, Michael L. Blute, Daniel J. Schaid, Stephen N. Thibodeau
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Two variants (rs1447295/DG8S737) of chromosome 8q24 were recently reported to be associated with increased risk of prostate cancer (PC). To confirm this finding, we genotyped and compared the frequencies of these polymorphisms among 1,121 Caucasian men with PC (435 men with familial PC, 491 men with sporadic PC, and 195 men with aggressive PC) to 545 population-based controls. For the single nucleotide polymorphism marker rs1447295, frequencies of the minor allele (A) were 10.3% in controls, 11.9% in sporadic cases, 16.7% in familial cases, and 17.2% in aggressive cases. Compared with controls, the A allele was significantly more common in both familial PC [odds ratios (OR), 1.93; 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), 1.37–2.72; P = 0.0004] and aggressive PC (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.28–2.74; P = 0.0005) but not for sporadic PC (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.85–1.58; P = 0.25). Although the A allele was more frequent in aggressive PC cases when compared with controls, the allele frequencies were similar among cases with high- and low-grade PC (Gleason grades &amp;lt;7 and ≥7, respectively). For the microsatellite marker DG8S737, the −8 allele was significantly more frequent in familial PC (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.09–2.60; P = 0.031), whereas the −10 allele was more frequent in aggressive PC (OR, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.52–5.36; P = 0.0004). Haplotype analysis showed significant differences in haplotype frequencies between the familial PC (P = 0.006) and aggressive PC (P = 0.005) cases versus controls. The −8/A haplotype showed the strongest association with familial PC (P = 0.008), whereas the −10/A haplotype was most strongly associated with aggressive PC (P = 0.00005). These results further confirm the importance of these two polymorphic variants (rs1447295 and DG8S737) as risk factors for PC. However, the mechanism explaining this increased risk has not yet been established. [Cancer Res 2007;67(7):2944–50]
Cyclic stretch-induced thrombin generation by rat vascular smooth muscle cells is mediated by the integrin αvβ3 pathway
Authors: Xianqing Mao, Rose Said, Huguette Louis, Jean-Pierre Max, Mustapha Bourhim, Pascal Challande, Denis Wahl, Zhenlin Li, Veronique Regnault, Patrick Lacolley
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic modulation plays a pivotal role in atherothrombotic diseases. Thrombin generation at the surface of VSMCs and activation of integrin mechanotransduction pathways represent potential mechanisms. Here, we examine whether mechanical stretch increases thrombin generation on cultured rat aortic VSMCs. The integrin αvβ3 antagonist peptide (cRGDPV) dose-dependently decreased thrombin generation without stretch. Static stretch (5%, 1 Hz) failed to modify the thrombin-forming capacity of VSMCs, whereas 10% cyclic stretch during 60 and 360 min enhanced integrin αvβ3 expression and thrombin generation at the surface of VSMCs by 30% without inducing apoptosis. Cyclic stretch also stimulated Src phosphorylation, cleavage of talin, and binding of prothrombin to VSMCs. Upregulation of αvβ3 expression, Src phosphorylation, and enhanced thrombin generation by cyclic stretch were abolished by cRGDPV and silencing RNA (siRNA) against αv as well as by selective inhibition of integrin αvβ3 inside-out signalling by a talin-siRNA. Complete abolition of stretch-induced VSMC-supported thrombin generation by the RGT peptide, which disrupts the interaction of Src with the β3 cytoplasmic tail, demonstrates the link between outside-in pathways involving β3-Src interaction and thrombin activity dependent on inside-out signalling. These data show that the contribution of cyclic stretch to VSMC-supported thrombin generation is driven by the integrin αvβ3 signalling pathway and suggest a role for pulsatility-induced intramural thrombin in VSMC-dependent vascular remodelling.
Brucellosis Simulating Metastases on Tc-99m MDP Bone Scan
Authors: A. H. ELGAZZAR, H. M. ABDEL-DAYEM, O. SHIBLE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Multiple hot spots on bone scanning are usually associated with metastatic bone disease and uncommonly with inflammatory disease. Brucellosis is endemic in many countries and may cause bone pain secondary to joint or bone inflammation. A patient with skeletal brucellosis is presented whose Tc-99m MDP bone scanning demonstrated a pattern similar to that of metastatic bone disease.
Ultra low dose interleukin-2 therapy promotes a type 1 cytokine profile in vivo in patients with AIDS and AIDS-associated malignancies.
Authors: V P Khatri, T A Fehniger, R A Baiocchi, F Yu, M H Shah, D S Schiller, M Gould, R T Gazzinelli, Z P Bernstein, M A Caligiuri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

This study was undertaken to determine if prolonged daily subcutaneous administration of ultra low dose IL-2 could influence the constitutive endogenous production of a type 1 (IFN-gamma) cytokine in patients with AIDS or AIDS-associated malignancies. Using a quantitative reverse transcription PCR assay, we demonstrate that daily administration of one type 1 cytokine, IL-2, for 3 mo increases significantly the constitutive endogenous gene expression of another type 1 cytokine, IFN-gamma, in vivo. The predominant source of IFN-gamma appears to be IL-2-expanded natural killer cells and CD8(+) T cells. Moreover, PBMC obtained from these patients during IL-2 therapy showed normalization of a profound deficit in IFN-gamma protein production after stimulation with extracts from infectious agents in vitro. Our data suggest that prolonged exogenous administration of a type 1 cytokine in a nontoxic fashion to patients with AIDS and AIDS-associated malignancies can enhance significantly the endogenous type 1 cytokine profile in vivo. Consequently, ultra low dose IL-2 therapy has the potential to improve the immunodeficient hosts' immune response to infectious pathogens that require IFN-gamma for clearance.
Apnoeic episodes induced by smothering: two cases identified by covert video surveillance.
Authors: D P Southall, V A Stebbens, S V Rees, M H Lang, J O Warner, E A Shinebourne
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Recurrent cyanotic episodes associated on some occasions with loss of consciousness due to cerebral hypoxia were investigated by long term tape recordings of breathing activity, oxygen saturation, air flow, electrocardiographic activity, and in some cases electroencephalographic activity. In 51 infants and children the mechanisms for the cyanotic episodes were identified (prolonged expiratory apnoea in 45, sleep related airway obstruction in three, seizure induced apnoea in one, behaviour induced apnoea in one). In one child apnoea was suspected as being caused by suffocation (smothering) by the mother. This was confirmed after enlisting the help of the police, who undertook covert video surveillance during cyanotic episodes. Each cyanotic episode was associated with a pattern of disturbance on the multichannel tape recordings which may be pathognomonic of this type of apnoea. A second infant with cyanotic episodes in whom smothering was suspected was referred for similar investigation after the availability of video recordings became established. Maternal smothering was again supported by specific patterns on multichannel tape recordings and confirmed by video surveillance. Diagnosis by video surveillance produces unequivocal evidence in these cases and avoids the need for medical and nursing staff to confront the mother with a possibly incorrect suspicion or in a court of law.
Efficacy should drive atypical antipsychotic treatment
Authors: L. L Citrome
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Koro et al say that olanzapine is associated with a clinically important and significant increased risk of diabetes.1 To date five other pharmacoepidemiological papers have been published about the possible increase in risk for diabetes in patients receiving atypical antipsychotics.2–6

All use a variety of methods and have come up with a variety of …
Linkage/association study of a locus modulating total serum IgE on chromosome 14q13-24 in families with asthma
Authors: A H Mansur
Journal: Thorax (2004)

A study was undertaken to validate a locus modulating total serum IgE levels on 14q13-24.A linkage and association study was performed between total serum IgE and a panel of seven microsatellites which map to the 14q13-24 region in 69 families with asthma recruited from Leeds, UK.Non-parametric, multipoint, sib pair analysis showed no evidence of genetic linkage between the quantitative trait "log IgE" and any of the tested markers. However, a significant association was observed between locus D14S63 (14q23) and total serum IgE (p = 0.017). Allelic analysis showed an association between low total IgE and allele 157 of D14S63 (p = 0.01, OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.90). Modelling of allele 157 genotypes as a continuous covariate indicated evidence of a significant inverse linear trend across the three genotypes where 157 homozygotes had the lowest mean log IgE (p = 0.045). Association of D14S63 with log IgE was confirmed in the analysis of a combined dataset of 53 families from Southampton, UK and the 69 families from Leeds (total 122 families). An association was observed at the locus level (p = 0.022) and the allelic level where allele 165 showed an association with high total IgE (p = 0.001, OR = 3.79, 95% CI 1.54 to 9.7) and allele 157 showed an association with low total IgE (p = 0.041, OR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.6 to 0.99). The transmission disequilibrium test was positive for allele 165 (p<0.05) and negative for allele 157 (p>0.05).Despite the lack of linkage, the findings of this study support the previous observation of a gene(s) at 14q23 that modulates total serum IgE.
MINERAL WATERS CRUDE AND REFINED.
Authors: H. D. DIDAMA
Journal: JAMA (1893)

An examination of the analyses of the various mineral waters of the United States and elsewhere, seem to warrant these statements: 1. Many of the waters, like those of Saratoga, Carlsbad and Crab Orchard, contain a cathartic salt in such quantity that from half a pint to a quart of the beverage will act as an efficient laxative. One excellence of these purgatives is that they can be taken daily for an indefinite period without injury. 2. The activity of a salt designed to move the bowels is much impaired by excessive dilution. A saline solution, whose specific gravity is less than that of serum, passes by osmosis largely into the blood and out at the kidneys, instead of drawing water from the circulation and acting as a laxative. 3. Many, indeed most of the really valuable natural, crude, mineral springs contain ingredients which in quantity or quality are detrimental.
Scene in Print: Time To Switch to an English Major
Authors: C. MCCANCE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 December 1972Scene in Print: Time To Switch to an English MajorC. MCCANCE, D. J. HALLC. MCCANCESearch for more papers by this author, D. J. HALLSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-77-6-1006 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAnalysis by faculty showed that 34% of those in the medical faculty had had sexual intercourse compared with 46% in the arts faculty and 43% in the science faculty. The difference between those in medicine and those in other faculties was significant (X2= 6·41, D.F. = 1, P < 0·02). This difference is all the more striking because 30% of the medical faculty students are aged 22 or more whereas only 9% of the rest of the students are as old as this.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Aberdeen University British Medical Journal PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1972Volume 77, Issue 6Page: 1006-1006 Issue Published: 1 December 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Clinical Observations on Injuries of the Urethra: Delivered at St. George's Hospital
Authors: B. Brodie
Journal: BMJ (1842)

There is a species of contraction of the canal of the urethra, which is called a stricture, but which, in many of its symptoms, differs from ordinary stricture.You will find this subject mentioned in a general way in Sir Everard Home's Works, and in the writings of other surgical authors; but they are not described witli care and accuracy in any surgical work with -which I am acquainted.These obstructions of the canal of the urethra, from mechanical violence, may take place in various ways.A boy got a ring drawn over his penis so tight, that the parts were affected with severe inflammation, and it could only be re- moved by being sa-wn off.The part over which the
Solubilization of immune precipitates by six isolated alternative pathway proteins.
Authors: T Fujita, Y Takata, N Tamura
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

Immune precipitates were solubilized by the alternative pathway of complement assembled from isolated proteins, i.e., C3, factor B, factor D, properdin, C3b inactivator (C3bINA), and beta 1H. The kinetic curves of solubilization in the isolated system and in EGTA-serum were virtually indistinguishable. No requirement of other factors was apparent. Deletion of C3bINA and beta 1H from the complete mixture caused total consumption of C3 in the fluid phase and resulted in neither C3 binding to the complexes nor solubilization. Thus, the presence of a regulated fluid-phase reaction is essential for efficient fixation of C3 and the consequent solubilization. In addition, properdin plays an essential role in the complement-mediated solubilization in the presence of the two regulators. A large amount of C3 was incorporated into the antigen-antibody lattice. Solubilization of immune complexes started after the binding of one C3 molecule to one antibody molecule in the complexes, and the molar ratio of C3:antibody in the solubilized complexes also is approximately 1.
Conflicts of Interest, Continued
Authors: Howard Morgan
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  In reference to the articles in the July 21 issue on conflicts of interest in physicians' referring patients to facilities in which they (the physicians) have investments,1-3I offer an additional reason why it would be foolish for the government to proscribe all such activity. Physicians who are investors in local diagnostic and treatment facilities can refer not only their paying patients to such facilities but also their charity patients. While some institutionally and privately owned treatment and diagnostic centers might refuse nonpaying patients, the facility in which the physician has an interest is less likely to do so, because the physician as a part owner is in a position to influence the policies of the facility. From a practical and ethical standpoint, the physician is in a stronger position to demand charity care for his patients in a facility in which he shares the losses