tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1526: Integrative and comparative genomic analysis of East-Asian lung squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Youngwook Kim, Peter S. Hammerman, Jaegil Kim, Gad Getz, Matthew Meyerson, Keunchil Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Purpose Lung squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) is the second most prevalent type of lung cancer. Currently, no targeted-therapeutics are approved for treatment of this cancer, largely due to a lack of systematic understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of the disease. To identify therapeutic targets and perform comparative analyses of lung SqCC, we probed somatic genome alterations of lung SqCC cases from Korean patients. Patients and Methods We performed whole-exome sequencing of DNA from 104 lung SqCC samples from Korean patients and matched normal DNA. In addition, copy number analysis and transcriptome analysis were conducted for a subset of these samples. Clinical association with cancer-specific somatic alterations was investigated. Results This cancer cohort is characterized by a very high mutational burden with an average of 261 somatic exonic mutations per tumor and a mutational spectrum showing a signature of cigarette-smoke exposure. Seven genes demonstrated statistical enrichment for mutation (TP53, RB1, PTEN, NFE2L2, KEAP1, MLL2 and PIK3CA). Comparative analysis between Korean and North American lung SqCC demonstrated similar spectrum of alterations in these two populations, in contrast to the differences seen in lung adenocarcinoma. We also uncovered recurrent occurrence of therapeutically actionable FGFR3-TACC3 fusion in lung SqCC. Conclusion These findings provide new steps towards the identification of genomic target candidates for precision medicine in lung SqCC, a disease with a significant unmet medical need. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Youngwook Kim, Peter S. Hammerman, Jaegil Kim, Gad Getz, Matthew Meyerson, Keunchil Park. Integrative and comparative genomic analysis of East-Asian lung squamous cell carcinomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1526. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1526
Chronic Extrinsic Cardiac Denervation by Regional Neural Ablation
Authors: THEODORE COOPER, JOSEPH W. GILBERT, ROBERT D. BLOODWELL, J. RICHARD CROUT
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

A technique for complete extrinsic denervation of the heart by the ablation of neural structures in the mediastinum is described. The completeness of denervation was verified by direct electrical stimulation of the main vagal and sympathetic trunks. Total deple tion of myocardial catecholamines followed the procedure in chronic survivors. Animals prepared in this manner are useful in the study of the neurologically isolated heart and simulate this aspect of the problem of cardiac transplantation.
A very special day
Authors: F. Zwart
Journal: BMJ (1997)

My grandmother died recently. She made the decision and chose the date and the place. She came to a point when she thought life was not worth living and, as the doctors agreed, she was allowed to die quickly and painlessly. As you may have gathered she died through active euthanasia, and this was made possible by the fact that she was Dutch. I am Dutch, and I am working on a geriatric ward in Yorkshire. I have seen many people die, but none have died as peacefully as my gran. My gran's death was my first encounter with euthanasia, and it has made a lasting impression on me. She died …
Ectopic expression of PAX5 promotes maintenance of biphenotypic myeloid progenitors coexpressing myeloid and B-cell lineage-associated genes
Authors: Kristina Anderson, Corinne Rusterholz, Robert Månsson, Christina T. Jensen, Karl Bacos, Sasan Zandi, Yutaka Sasaki, Claus Nerlov, Mikael Sigvardsson, Sten Eirik W. Jacobsen
Journal: Blood (2007)
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus-treatment with pulsed dye laser
Authors: C. Raulin, C. Schmidt, S. Hellwig
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Because of its vascular selectivity, the flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser (585 nm) is efficacious in the treatment of vascular lesions and is successfully used for the treatment of port-wine stains and haemangiomas in children. Based on the encouraging results with these cutaneous vascular disorders, the cutaneous lesions of patients with lupus erythematosus (LE) have now also been treated with the pulsed dye laser. Cutaneous lesions in lupus erythematosus are often difficult to treat with readily available local therapeutic methods. We report here on a group of 12 patients whose LE lesions were treated with the pulsed dye laser. In 10 patients, the LE was limited to the skin, while two patients had systemic LE (SLE). Even in the two patients with SLE, a significant improvement of skin lesions was achieved. After a mean number of 51 laser sessions, a median clearance rate of 70% was attained for nine patients. In one case, the laser treatment failed to clear the lesions. Two patients did not show any visible improvement of the lesions, but pain and itching were significantly reduced. There were few side-effects. No prolonged laser-induced scarring occurred and in only two patients was hyperpigmentation seen, which had resolved completely after 4 and 5 months, respectively. During a median follow-up of 7 months (range: 3-32 months), only one patient (after a complete clearance of the skin lesions) had a small relapse. In summary, the pulsed dye laser is an effective therapy for the treatment of superficial skin lesions in LE.
Extracellular carbonic anhydrase mediates hemorrhagic retinal and cerebral vascular permeability through prekallikrein activation
Authors: Ben-Bo Gao, Allen Clermont, Susan Rook, Stephanie J Fonda, Vivek J Srinivasan, Maciej Wojtkowski, James G Fujimoto, Robert L Avery, Paul G Arrigg, Sven-Erik Bursell, Lloyd Paul Aiello, Edward P Feener
Journal: Nature Medicine (2007)
Molecular Profiling Reveals a Tumor-Promoting Phenotype of Monocytes and Macrophages in Human Cancer Progression
Authors: Manesh Chittezhath, Manprit Kaur Dhillon, Jyue Yuan Lim, Damya Laoui, Irina N. Shalova, Yi Ling Teo, Jinmiao Chen, Revathy Kamaraj, Lata Raman, Josephine Lum, Thomas Paulraj Thamboo, Edmund Chiong, Francesca Zolezzi, Henry Yang, Jo A. Van Ginderachter, Michael Poidinger, Alvin S.C. Wong, Subhra K. Biswas
Journal: Immunity (2014)
Safety of anaemia drug erythropoietin is to be reviewed
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Lester Crawford, former commissioner of the US Food and Drug Administration, was last week fined $89 377 (£45 800; €67 000), sentenced to three years of supervised probation, and required to do 50 hours of community service by Judge Deborah Robinson of the US District Court for the District of Columbia.Last October Dr Crawford (below) pleaded (below) pleaded pleaded guilty to two charges: failing to report that he and his wife owned shares in companies regulated by the agency and filing false
Relationship between invariant chain expression and major histocompatibility complex class II transport into early and late endocytic compartments.
Authors: P Romagnoli, C Layet, J Yewdell, O Bakke, R N Germain
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Invariant chain (Ii), which associates with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum, contains a targeting signal for transport to intracellular vesicles in the endocytic pathway. The characteristics of the target vesicles and the relationship between Ii structure and class II localization in distinct endosomal subcompartments have not been well defined. We demonstrate here that in transiently transfected COS cells expressing high levels of the p31 or p41 forms of Ii, uncleaved Ii is transported to and accumulates in transferrin-accessible (early) endosomes. Coexpressed MHC class II is also found in this same compartment. These early endosomes show altered morphology and a slower rate of content movement to later parts of the endocytic pathway. At more moderate levels of Ii expression, or after removal of a highly conserved region in the cytoplasmic tail of Ii, coexpressed class II molecules are found primarily in vesicles with the characteristics of late endosomes/prelysosomes. The Ii chains in these late endocytic vesicles have undergone proteolytic cleavage in the lumenal region postulated to control MHC class II peptide binding. These data indicate that the association of class II with Ii results in initial movement to early endosomes. At high levels of Ii expression, egress to later endocytic compartments is delayed and class II-Ii complexes accumulate together with endocytosed material. At lower levels of Ii expression, class II-Ii complexes are found primarily in late endosomes/prelysosomes. These data provide evidence that the route of class II transport to the site of antigen processing and loading involves movement through early endosomes to late endosomes/prelysosomes. Our results also reveal an unexpected ability of intact Ii to modify the structure and function of the early endosomal compartment, which may play a role in regulating this processing pathway.
COMMISSIONS ON SHOES
Authors: E. W. Ryerson
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —A letter addressed to physicians by the Custom Shoe Company, Chicago, describing the special shoes which this company prepares for foot deformities, says, "We will allow you 10% commission on shoes for any patients you send to us, which is the same as we allow hospitals and surgical houses." The next paragraph reads, "For recommendation as to our ability we refer to the following physicians: Dr. Jarros, Dr. E. Ryerson, Dr. Berg, Dr. Cameron, Dr. Weisenewski, Dr. Brown, Dr. Mueller, Dr. Rund, and many others with whom we have done business, and have helped them and benefited their patients." I know nothing about this firm except that it has succeeded to the business of C. Wegener, formerly at 189 West Madison Street. The use of my name is entirely without my permission, and I resent strongly this method of advertising. I disapprove entirely of the practice of
Th2/Th1 Intracellular Cytokine Profiles in African American and Caucasian Infants in the First Year of Life
Authors: K WOODCROFT, S HAVSTAD, D SMOLAREK, K BOBBITT, K WILLIAMS, C JOSEPH, G WEGIENKA, D OWNBY, C JOHNSON
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Hepatitis B virus DNA in serum from patients with acute hepatitis B
Authors: Kim Krogsgaard, Peter Kryger, Jan Aldershvile, Poul Andersson, Christian Brechot
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

Sera from 77 consecutive patients with acute type B hepatitis were examined for hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV DNA) by a spot hybridization method. The median follow–up time was 8 months (range, 1 week to 3 years). HBV DNA was detected in 26 (34%) patients on admission to the hospital. A significant positive correlation was found between short duration of symptoms and the presence of HBV DNA (p &lt; 0.025). Twenty–four (46%) of 52 HBeAg–positive patients were HBV DNA positive compared to 2 HBV DNA–positive patients of 25 HBeAg–negative patients (8%) (p &lt; 0.001). Four HBeAg–negative patients had serum HBV DNA initially or during follow–up; three had anti–HBe. Six of 77 patients with acute type B hepatitis (8%) became chronic HBsAg carriers, and HBV DNA was detectable from 5 months to more than 3 years after onset of symptoms. The presence of serum HBV DNA for more than 8 weeks after initial symptoms may predict development of a chronic HBsAg carrier state. In none of the chronic carriers was serum HBV DNA present after clearing of HBeAg.
Myocardial inotropic responses to aggregating platelets and modulation by the endocardium.
Authors: A M Shah, A L Meulemans, D L Brutsaert
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Ventricular mural thrombi complicate many cardiac diseases. The endocardial endothelium can modulate the mechanical performance of subjacent myocardium and mediate responses to certain physiopharmacologic agents. We studied the effects of aggregating platelets on the contractile performance of isolated cardiac muscle. The role of the endocardium was investigated by selectively damaging it by very brief (1 second) exposure to 1% Triton X-100 in some muscle preparations before experiments. Cat papillary muscles (n = 54) were attached to an electromagnetic length-tension transducer in organ baths containing Krebs-Ringer solution (1.25 mM Ca2+, 35 degrees C), and stimulated electrically at 0.2 Hz. Homologous washed platelets (final concentration 3 x 10(11)/l) aggregated spontaneously on addition to baths. Mechanical performance increased significantly more in muscles with damaged endocardium than in intact muscles (p less than 0.05); total peak isometric twitch tension increased by 31.8 +/- 7.8% (with damaged endocardium) and 11.8 +/- 2.6% (with intact endocardium), and peak isotonic twitch shortening increased by 36.7 +/- 7.8% (with damaged endocardium) and 9.6 +/- 2.0% (with intact endocardium). Increases in maximum velocity of unloaded shortening were similar in both muscle groups. Time to half isometric twitch tension decline decreased in intact muscles (3.6 +/- 1.0%) but increased in Triton-treated muscles (2.5 +/- 1.3%, p = 0.003 for difference between groups). The inotropic response to platelets in muscles with intact endocardium was unaltered by pretreatment of muscles with indomethacin (10 microM) or by stimulation of platelet aggregation with thrombin (0.1 unit/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Non-pigmenting fixed drug eruption: a new case due to eperisone hydrochloride
Authors: C. Choonhakarn
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Non‐pigmenting fixed drug eruption: a new case due to eperisone hydrochloride Get access C. Choonhakarn C. Choonhakarn Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Srinagarind Hospital Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.E‐mail: c_choonhakarn_dermatologist@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 6, 1 June 2001, Pages 1288–1289, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04265.x Published: 01 June 2001
Familial macrophagic myofasciitis
Authors: Z. AMOURA
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

Macrophagic myofasciitis is an emerging entity that was first reported in the Lancet in August 1998.1 Between May 1993 and 1999 more than 50 cases have been described in France.2 We report the first familial case of macrophagic myofasciitis.

A 45 year old woman was first admitted to hospital in July 1997 for pain and swelling of the right foot lasting for few months. Muscle biopsy of the right foot showed interstitial fibrosis with marked perivascular lymphocytes infiltrate. Only a few macrophages were seen but not in the subcutaneous tissue, epimysium, perimysium, and perifascicular endomysium. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining was negative. A diagnosis of focal myositis of the right foot was made3 and she received colchicine 1 mg daily. In November 1997 she was …
Adenosine Concentrations in the Interstitium of Resting and Contracting Human Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Ylva Hellsten, Dave Maclean, Göran Rådegran, Bengt Saltin, Jens Bangsbo
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Adenosine has been proposed to be a locally produced regulator of blood flow in skeletal muscle. However, the fundamental questions of to what extent adenosine is formed in skeletal muscle tissue of humans, whether it is present in the interstitium, and where it exerts its vasodilatory effect remain unanswered. Methods and Results —The interstitial adenosine concentration was determined in the vastus lateralis muscle of healthy humans via dialysis probes inserted in the muscle. The probes were perfused with buffer, and the dialysate samples were collected at rest and during graded knee extensor exercise. At rest, the interstitial concentration of adenosine was 220±100 nmol/L and femoral arterial blood flow (FaBF) was 0.19±0.02 L/min. When the subjects exercised lightly, at a work rate of 10 W, there was a markedly higher (1140±540 nmol/L; P &lt;0.05) interstitial adenosine concentration and a higher FaBF (2.22±0.18 L/min; P &lt;0.05) compared with at rest. When exercise was performed at 20, 30, 40, or 50 W, the concentration of adenosine was moderately greater for each increment, as was the level of leg blood flow. The interstitial concentrations of ATP, ADP, and AMP increased from rest (0.13±0.03, 0.07±0.03, and 0.07±0.02 μmol/L, respectively) to exercise (10 W; 2.00±1.32, 2.08±1.23, and 1.65±0.50 μmol/L, respectively; P &lt;0.05). Conclusions —The present study provides, for the first time, interstitial adenosine concentrations in human skeletal muscle and demonstrates that adenosine and its precursors increase in the exercising muscle interstitium, at a rate associated with intensity of muscle contraction and the magnitude of muscle blood flow.
Another Truly Presidential Checkup
Authors: Gordon D. Rubenfeld
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

To the Editor: The article by van der Burg et al. (March 9 issue) 1 on debulking surgery after induction chemotherapy raises some important issues.The authors state that the morbidity associated with a second operation was similar to that associated with a primary surgical procedure.This means a doubling of morbidity in those assigned to this arm of the study, and the impact on quality of life (and cost effectiveness) must be balanced against the six-month improvement in median survival rates.It will be interesting to learn the actual five-year survival rate in both arms, and we hope the authors will supply this information in the future.The authors claim that the value of primary cytoreductive surgery for ovarian cancer is beyond doubt.We would suggest otherwise.The basis of present practice derives from a small retrospective series of patients 2 and a prospective study involving 26 patients. 3 If such information were proposed as a justification for the introduction of a new chemotherapeutic agent, it is doubtful that it would be accepted.There is agreement that clearance of all macroscopic tumor in early-stage disease is curative for many patients, though in advanced disease the effect of cytoreductive surgery is not beyond doubt, since to date this practice has never been examined in a prospective study.A recent meta-analysis has indicated that primary cytoreductive surgery has a minimal, if any, effect on survival rates in advanced ovarian cancer. 4 Until a study comparing the impact of radical surgery and chemotherapy with that of chemotherapy in patients with advanced disease is completed, patients may be inappropriately subjected to radical operations without enhancing their life expectancy.
FIRST PICTURES OF SURGICAL OPERATIONS EXTANT.
Authors: JAMES J. WALSH
Journal: JAMA (1907)

A recent publication of the Carnegie Institution of Washington contains some material that will doubtless prove of great interest to surgeons and to those who are especially attracted to the history of medicine. Mr. W. Max Müller,<sup>1</sup>while on a mission for the Carnegie Institution in the summer of 1904, discovered what are the earliest representations of surgical operations so far known. The date of the next earliest pictures of surgeons at work are probably at least a thousand years later. Because of this primacy of historical import, it has seemed worth while to reproduce the pictures for the medical profession, since they are buried in a publication that ordinarily is not likely to be consulted by physicians. The pictures were found in a tomb excavated by Loret in the northern part of the necropolis or burying ground of Saqqârah at Memphis, which was the early capital of Egypt.
Unilateral Exophthalmos
Authors: Simmons Lessell
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Unilateral exophthalmos developed shortly after treatment in three patients with chromophobe adenoma of the pituitary gland and craniopharyngioma. In two patients, the exophthalmos followed surgery, while in the third it did not appear until after radiation treatment. The pathogenesis of the exophthalmos in these cases is obscure. However, the other findings and subsequent course indicate that the exophthalmos is not due to recurrence of the neoplasm nor to a complication of therapy. (<i>JAMA</i>234:305-306, 1975)
Exposure to Dioxins and Dibenzofurans through the Consumption of Fish
Authors: B G Svensson, A Nilsson, M Hansson, C Rappe, B Akesson, S Skerfving
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

In some regions, including the Baltic Sea, fatty fish such as salmon and herring contain high levels of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans. We investigated human exposure to these potentially toxic substances in relation to the consumption of fish from the Baltic Sea.
Leading scientist threatens to resign over honours debacle
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

In a row over the honours list, the UK government has moved to confirm its support for researchers involved in animal experiments, after Colin Blakemore, the head of the Medical Research Council (MRC), threatened to resign.

Professor Blakemore said his position had become untenable after the disclosure in leaked government documents that he was denied an honour because of his high profile connections with animal experimentation.

“My main concern is that the mission statement of the MRC includes a specific commitment to engagement with the public on issues relating to medical research. I made it clear when I was appointed …
Gender difference, sex hormones, and immediate type hypersensitivity reactions
Authors: W. Chen, M. Mempel, W. Schober, H. Behrendt, J. Ring
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Gender differences in the development and prevalence of human diseases have long been recognized. Immense interest grows in the understanding of the role of sex hormones in the homeostasis of immunity. Asthma predominates in boys before puberty and this gender preference reverses after puberty and in adulthood, when adult women tend to have a more severe disease, often recalcitrant to treatment. Atopic eczema in preschool children shows insignificant gender difference or male preponderance in different studies, with more adult females suffering from atopic eczema. The limited data on the prevalence of immediate hypersensitivity to hymenoptera venom show controversial results. Discrepancy exists regarding the gender difference in food allergy, with females reporting significantly more allergic reactions in questionnaire studies. In general, adverse reactions to nonionic iodinated radiocontrast media are more commonly observed in females. The course of allergic diseases varies unpredictably during pregnancy, whereas hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women usually has a favorable influence on the course of asthma. Experiments in rodents confirm an effect of estrogens on mast cell activation and allergic sensitization, while progesterone is shown to suppress histamine release but potentiate IgE induction. Dehydroepiandrosterone may antagonize the production of Th2 cytokines but the effect of testosterone and the other androgens remains less defined. Actual data from human studies are lacking.