tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Computerized image analysis for determining micronucleus frequency.
Authors: S Szirmai, J Bérces, G J Köteles
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

A method for the computerized automation of micronucleus scoring is presented. The task is to identify the cultured, cytokinesis-blocked peripheral lymphocytes (CB cells) and their micronuclei (MN). The main parts of the hardware are the video camera attached to the microscope, the IBM-compatible personal computer with the video digitizer card, and the computer-controlled stage movement unit. The computerized image processing is based on determination and interpretation of contour lines of the CB cells, nuclei, and MN. The BNCTEST image processing software has been developed up to the demonstration phase, and now it has been prepared for the testing period of image series on a large scale.
AUSCULTATION IN THE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE ABDOMEN
Authors: JOSEPH SAILER
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Auscultation is the least important of the methods of examining the abdomen. It can furnish, however, in certain cases, information that may be confirmatory, suggestive or definite. The sounds that can be heard are of greater variety than those audible in the thorax, but are, as a rule, more vague and unsatisfactory. The sounds may be either intrinsic, produced in the abdominal cavity, or extrinsic, heard over the abdominal cavity but produced in some other part of the body, always the thorax. The auscultation can be divided into (1) direct, produced with the ear alone; (2) indirect, with some form of stethoscope, and (3) modified, in which some additional procedure, such as percussion, stroking, the bubbling of air through a tube, or the vibration of a tuning fork, is used. It is rather difficult to classify satisfactorily the sounds heard in the abdomen. Perhaps as good a classification as any
Identification and characterization of human myocardial phospholipase A2 from transplant recipients suffering from end-stage ischemic heart disease.
Authors: S L Hazen, R W Gross
Journal: Circulation Research (1992)

Although numerous studies have implicated accelerated phospholipid catabolism during myocardial ischemia as an important contributor to ischemic membrane dysfunction, no information is currently available on the subcellular distribution, physical properties, or kinetic characteristics of human myocardial phospholipase A2. In this report, we demonstrate that the overwhelming majority (98%) of total phospholipase A2 activity in human myocardium (obtained from transplant recipients) is calcium independent, plasmalogen selective, and is distributed between the microsomal (60-70% of total activity) and cytosolic (30-40% of total activity) fractions. Both human myocardial microsomal and cytosolic phospholipase A2 enzymes 1) preferentially hydrolyze plasmalogen molecular species containing arachidonic acid at the sn-2 position, 2) are recalcitrant to chemical inactivation by the indole-reactive agent parabromophenacyl bromide, 3) are irreversibly inhibited by covalent modification of an essential thiol residue by 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), and 4) are exquisitely sensitive to mechanism-based inhibition by (E)-6-(bromomethylene)tetrahydro-3-(1-naphthalenyl)-2H-pyran-2-one (bromoenol lactone). In sharp contrast, human mitochondrial phospholipase A2 1) accounts for only a diminutive amount of total myocardial phospholipase A2 activity (1-2%), 2) is augmented by calcium ion, 3) exhibits a higher reaction velocity using phosphatidylcholine in comparison with plasmenylcholine substrate, and 4) is not substantially inhibited by either DTNB or bromoenol lactone. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the majority of phospholipase A2 activity in human myocardium is catalyzed by a novel class of calcium-independent plasmalogen-selective phospholipases A2 and underscore the potential importance of this class of enzymes in mediating membrane dysfunction during myocardial infarction in humans.
End the silence on animal products in drugs
Authors: Kinesh Patel
Journal: BMJ (2013)

“I am sorry, Mr Goldstein, but you are just going to have to eat your bacon for breakfast. The same goes for you Mr Khan. Just pretend it’s something else. If you don’t eat it you’ll never get better, will you?”

It sounds ridiculous, doesn’t it? We would never dream of being that insensitive to religious preferences—or other personal choices. So it strikes me as really quite odd that when it comes to drugs we actually …
Management of needlestick injuries would be easier if consent for "donor" testing was not necessary
Authors: E Walker, P Wright
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor–T J Neal and G Harvey's letter1 highlights the need for the management of needlestick injuries to be reconsidered in the light of evidence that prompt administration of antiretroviral treatment provides substantial benefit against HIV infection.2 We have recently been involved in two situations in which prompt testing of blood from the potentially infected source (“donor”) could have changed management. As Neal and …
An arginine to glutamine mutation in residue 109 of human ornithine transcarbamylase completely abolishes enzymatic activity in Cos1 cells.
Authors: J T Lee, R L Nussbaum
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) is an important enzyme in the detoxification of ammonia to urea, and its deficiency is the most common inborn error of ureagenesis in humans. Among 24 cases of OTC deficiency previously examined, three unrelated individuals all showed loss of a Taq I site in the OTC gene corresponding to codon 109, suggesting that this Taq I site may be prone to mutation. Two of these patients demonstrated the same C----T transition (in antisense strand) converting Arg109 to Gln. Although these studies implied a strong association between the missense mutation and OTC-deficient phenotype, a causal relationship could not be firmly established. We have investigated this relationship by reconstructing the mutation in vitro. A full-length human OTC cDNA was cloned into an SV40-based expression vector and has been reproducibly expressed at high levels in the cell line Cos1. By site-directed mutagenesis of this wild type sequence, we constructed a missense mutation which contains the C----T transition. Electroporation and transient assay in Cos1 indicated that the specific activity of mutant OTC was 100-fold lower than that of wild type. This result confirms that the Taq I alteration leading to the Gln missense is responsible for the OTC deficiency affecting the above patients.
Effects of Hospitalism upon the Mortality of Limb-Amputations, etc
Authors: J. Y. Simpson
Journal: BMJ (1869)

He speaks of my propositions regarding the mortality of limb-am- putations in large and Metropolitan hospitals, when compared with the same amputations in private, provincial, and country practice, etc., as 'startling."The proportion in favour of the success of these opera- tions in the country is greater than I myself expected when I began the inquiry.When the statistics that I have collated are published, I shall probably take occasion to discuss several minor points alluded to by Mr.Holmes.* In. the meantime, I would make one or two remarks in reply to some of his chief observations.I.When I stated the proportion of deaths after limb-amputation in private rural practice as about one in every nine operated upon, and the proportion of deaths in the practice of our large hospitals as about one in every three operated upon, Mr. Holmes makes my argument run on thus."The proportion of deaths in the former class is only one-third ,of the latter class.Thzerefo'e, the balance of deaths is attributable to the construction of the hospitals in which the deaths occurred."This, however, is not exactly either the course of my reasoning, or my deductioni.There are causes existing which we need not here discuss; and which render, for example, parturition a more dangerous and fatal process in the population of London than in a population of similar ex- tent in the country.But I certainly believe the amputation mortality in Metropolitan hospitals and in the country to be chiefly owing to the present system and construction of our large hospitals, because I can detect no other adequate cause for the "startling" dissimilarity of re- sults between them.
Unfunded Research? I Am Shocked, Shocked!-Reply
Authors: Michael D. Stein
Journal: JAMA (1993)

In Reply.  —We were surprised and gratified to find that 23% of original research published in major medical journals had not been funded. This suggests that investigators are productive even without having extramural money behind them. That nearly a quarter of this unfunded research involves tests and procedures, translating into costs, is more troubling, particularly as patients may be acting as research subjects without knowledge or consent. We hope Dr Phillips does not wait for financial resources to do his research if he has a good idea, just as Dr Withering did not wait. But unlike Phillips, we believe that the burden of documentation is on the authors to acknowledge in their methods whether an institutional review board approved the use of patients as human subjects according to contemporary ethical standards.  We agree with Drs Olson and El-Mallakh that scientific misconduct may be as frequent in funded studies as in
Mechanisms of degradation by white rot fungi.
Authors: S D Aust
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

White rot fungi use a variety of mechanisms to accomplish the complete degradation of lignin and a wide variety of environmental pollutants. Both oxidative and reductive reactions are required for the metabolism of both lignin and environmental pollutants. The fungi secrete a family of peroxidases to catalyze both direct and indirect oxidation of chemicals. The peroxidases can also catalyze reductions using electron donors to generate reductive radicals. A cell-surface membrane potential can also be used to reduce chemicals such as TNT.
Health Insurers at the Table — Industry Proposals for Regulation and Reform
Authors: Karen Ignagni
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

Many commentators have noted the dramatic change in approach by the insurance industry during this year's health care reform debate. This position was a deliberate strategic shift that was developed over several years and mapped out before the 2008 presidential election, well before the current debate began. The members of our organization, America's Health Insurance Plans, are proud of the hard work they did — not simply on our broad approach, but on specific recommendations that are embedded as building blocks in all the legislative proposals under consideration and are potentially the source of common ground that could garner bipartisan . . .
Transcatheter intracardiac device implantation for atrial level defects and thrombosis: A call for randomized, controlled data
Authors: Michael J. Landzberg, Lawrence Brass, Anthony Furlan, William Hellenbrand, Howard Hermann, Paul Kramer, Igor F. Palacios, Mark Reisman, Robert Sommer, Carole Thomas, Lawrence Wechsler
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Case 42-1989
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, Robert A. Yood, Robert Fienberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital from The New England Journal of Medicine — Case 42-1989 — A 64-Year-Old Woman with a Liver Abscess, Clostridium Perfringens Sepsis, Progressive Sensorimotor Neuropathy, and Abnormal Serum Proteins
Heinrich Hoffman, MD
Authors: Bruno Gebhard
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> "A German, Heinrich Hoffmann..." deserves a better introductory paragraph (<b>202</b>: Dec 25, 1967, adv p 28). At least the "MD" should not have been omitted. The world-wide success of<i>Struwwelpeter</i>has overshadowed the medical career of its author. Heinrich Hoffmann (1809-1894) was a co-founder of the Frankfurter Ärztliche Verein (Frankfurt Medical Society), but more important for the subject under discussion, the hyperactive child, he was the founder, planner, and for 25 years the director of the Hospital for the Insane and Epileptic in Frankfurtam-Main. I personally have my doubts whether "Heinrich Kinderlieb," the name he used as a cover for the first five editions of Struwwelpeter, consciously or subconsciously was aware of a "hyperactive child syndrome," but if so, the famous pair of German boys, Max and Moritz, the creations of Wilhelm Busch, might come into the same category.
C-Myc Is a Critical Mediator of the Phenotypes of <i>Apc</i> Loss in the Intestine
Authors: Julie A. Wilkins, Owen J. Sansom
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract The Adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) gene is mutated in up to 80% of sporadic colorectal cancers. After Apc loss, there is deregulation of the Wnt signaling pathway and transactivation of T-cell factor/leukemia enhancing factor target genes such as C-Myc. This review focuses on recent data highlighting the importance of the C-Myc oncogene and its transcriptional targets in establishing all of the phenotypes caused by the deletion of the Apc tumor suppressor gene within the intestinal epithelium. The importance of investigating Apc and C-Myc gene function in the correct tissue context is also discussed. [Cancer Res 2008;68(13):4963–6]
Measuring Impact of<i>JAMA Dermatology</i>Practice Gaps Section on Training in US Dermatology Residency Programs
Authors: Kristina M. Britton, Erik J. Stratman
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

JAMA Dermatology Practice Gaps commentaries are intended to aid in the interpretation of the literature to make it more practical and applicable to daily patient care. Practice Gaps commentaries have had an impact on physician clinical practice and dermatology residency curricula.To assess the impact of JAMA Dermatology Practice Gaps commentaries on dermatology residency training programs in the United States, including journal club discussions and local quality improvement activities.A web-based questionnaire of 17 questions was sent via e-mail to US dermatology residency program directors (PDs) in February 2012.Program director report of incorporating Practice Gaps themes and discussions into resident journal club activities, clinical practice, quality improvement activities, or research projects in the residency programs, as a result of a Practice Gaps commentary.Of the 114 surveys distributed to US dermatology residency PDs, 48 were completed (42% response rate). Sixty percent of PDs reported familiarity with the Practice Gaps section of JAMA Dermatology, and 56% discuss these commentaries during resident journal club activities. Quality improvement and research projects have been initiated as a result of Practice Gaps commentaries.Practice Gaps commentaries are discussed during most dermatology residency journal club activities. Practice Gaps have had an impact on physician practice and dermatology residency curricula and can serve as a tool for enhanced continuing medical education and quality improvement initiatives.
Specialists challenge claim that fluoxetine plus talk therapy works best for depressed adolescents
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A US study of clinically depressed adolescents, showing that a combination of fluoxetine (Prozac) and cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) works best, has sparked concerns over the interpretation of the data.

The multicentre trial randomised 439 depressed adolescents aged 12-17 years to four arms: fluoxetine alone, CBT alone, CBT plus fluoxetine, or placebo. The results showed that at 12 weeks, 71% of those treated with CBT plus fluoxetine had improved, compared with just over 60% of those taking fluoxetine alone, 43% treated with CBT alone, and 35% taking placebo alone ( JAMA 2004;292: 807-20).

Fluoxetine is the only anti-depressant …
Acute Pulmonary Histoplasmosis After Exposure to Soil Contaminated by Starling Excreta
Authors: Wade T. Murdock
Journal: JAMA (1962)

IN CONTRAST to the sentimental attitude with which man usually contemplates the birds, the starling (Sturnus vulgarus) is more and more being thought of as a nuisance. Since its deliberate introduction into this country from Europe in 1890, the bird has spread widely and has increased rapidly in numbers. It has become not only a problem to farmers, but because of its tendency to roost in large numbers on buildings and in parks and other wooded areas, it has become an urban pest as well. A usurper of nest sites, the starling has caused a decrease in many native hole-breeding birds. The woodpecker has frequently been a victim. The starling has also been incriminated in a recent aviation disaster. Lately a few reports have appeared indicating that another offense can be added—namely, a role in the epidemiology of urban histoplasmosis. This communication provides further evidence to support this contention, as
Simple Venipuncture for Hemodialysis
Authors: James E. Cimino, Michael J. Brescia, Reuben Aboody
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

REPEATED hemodialyses have made possible the prevention of the uremic syndrome in both acute and chronic renal failure.1 , 2 One of the major obstacles has been the limited accessibility and durability of blood vessels.The usual procedure for a single dialysis calls for either an indwelling arterial cannula or vena-cava catheterization involving surgical cutdowns.3 This is not a practical approach for multiple dialyses because of the rapid depletion of blood vessels.Methods currently employed to facilitate repeated dialyses include a double-lumen vena-cava catheter in which delivery and return of blood is accomplished by a single femoral-vein cutdown,4 percutaneous femoral arterial and . . .
Risk Stratification With Electrocardiographic-Gated Dobutamine Stress Technetium-99m Sestamibi Single-Photon Emission Tomographic Imaging
Authors: Sachin M. Navare, Deborah Katten, Lynne L. Johnson, Jeffery F. Mather, Michael S. Fowler, Alan W. Ahlberg, Nicholas Miele, Gary V. Heller
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Bill Gates boosts fight against virus that threatens three billion
Authors: A. Elliot
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Microsoft billionaire Bill Gates has donated £27m (£16m; €22m) to step up the fight against a debilitating virus that kills one in three of its victims.

The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation this week announced funding for a five year programme to combat Japanese encephalitis, the leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia.

Almost half of all cases of the disease, a mosquito borne flavavirus result in long term disability, including paralysis, seizures, and mental disability.

A third of victims, mainly children aged under 15, die. The …
Caraniofacial Anomalies: Pathogenesis and Repair
Authors: David W. Furnas
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Nowhere are our powers of observation more penetrating and critical than when assessing the contours of a human face. We overlook missing fingers or prosthetic legs, yet we catalog millimeter variations which differentiate the faces of twins or which distinguish an expression of subdued mirth from one of veiled sarcasm. The centimeter variations of a craniofacial deformity can gravely cripple a patient's performance in society even though "function" is intact. Many disciplines are dedicated to the task of helping these patients. Leading members of this interdisciplinary group have contributed to this collection of papers which was presented at an International Symposium and Workshop of Craniofacial Anomalies in Cincinnati, 1966. Subjects of the 44 papers are divided into five groups: etiology, pathogenesis, cranial anomalies, mandibulofacial dysotosis, and cleft lip and palate. They present a savory potpourri of brief reviews, descriptions of personal surgical techniques, interim progress reports of long-term research projects,
Global health agencies are accused of incompetence
Authors: G. Yamey
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Roll Back Malaria, the international partnership of donors committed to eradicating the disease, was accused last week of negligence and of a “failure to appreciate science” that was leading to preventable deaths from malaria.

Dr Amir Attaran, project director at Harvard's Center for International Development, told delegates at the Oxford 2000 conference on tropical medicine: “There is too little competence on the part of donors. They don't know what they are doing.”

Dr Attaran explained that Unicef, one of the four …
A Double-Blind Randomized Discontinuation Phase-II Study of Sorafenib (BAY 43–9006) in Previously Treated Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study E2501
Authors: Heather A. Wakelee, Ju-Whei Lee, Nasser H. Hanna, Anne M. Traynor, David P. Carbone, Joan H. Schiller
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
Abstract P6-05-02: Molecular genetic grading in breast cancer: Development and validation of a prognostic marker
Authors: C Matuschek, E Boelke, HB Prisack, W Budach, C Nestle-Krämling, PA Gerber, C Pagouras, H Bojar
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Histopathological grading is an important part for the characterization of breast cancer with regard to prognosis and treatment options. 30-60% of breast cancer patients have a grade 2 (G2) malignancy resulting in an intermediate prognosis and the challenge of finding individualized adequate treatment options. Moreover, the lack of objectivity of the grading system is criticized. With the genetic analysis of breast cancer, the deciphering of its genes and gene expression profiling using microarray technology is a new way of classifying breast cancer Patients, Materials, and Methods. Tumor tissue from 229 breast cancer patients collected from January 2009 - June 2010 was examined. A histological grading of the tumors was determined and gene expression profiling was performed by microarray technology (Agilent Technologies). Gene expression data were reduced and a novel molecular grade index (MGI-9) was defined as a G1 versus G3 classifier by SAM (Significance Analysis of Microarray) and PAM (Prediction Analysis of Microarray). The validity of the newly defined MGI-9 as a prognostic factor was tested by applying it to three published data sets with external follow-up information for a total of 760 patients Results: The significance analysis of gene expression profiles of 229 breast cancer patients using SAM showed more than 11,000 significantly differentially expressed genes according to the grading classes G1-2-3. The number of differentially expressed genes was reduced to 228 genes by SAM analysis using only the G1 vs. G3 cases (63 patients). PAM analysis resulted in a more reduced classifier of 44 molecular probes and we could show that a subset of 9 genes gave similar classification results and could reliably used in FFPE Material. The new MGI-9 index was tested in thee external data sets (GSE1456, GSE2034 and GSE3494) and could subdivide the histological G2 group in two molecular subgroups G2A and G2B with significant impact on survival in all test scenarios. Conclusion: The results show that MGI 9-gene molecular grade index is more informative than the conventional histopathological grading system. In order to validate MGI-9 a prospective, randomized study with long-term follow-up for local recurrence rate and distant metastases is urgently needed. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P6-05-02.
Book Review Nonpharmacological Therapy of Arrhythmias for the 21st Century: The state of the art Edited by Igor Singer, S. Serge Barold, and A. John Camm. 908 pp., illustrated. Armonk, N.Y., Futura, 1998. $125. 0-87993-6908
Authors: Hein J.J. Wellens
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)