tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medical Radioisotope Scanning
Authors: Henry N. Wagner
Journal: JAMA (1960)

RADIOISOTOPE scanning, the visualization of an internal organ by de[ill]mining the spatial distribution of a radioisotope within the body, is a technique that has made rapid progress in the last few years. Advances have been chiefly along three lines: (1) the development of improved radiation detection equipment; (2) the production of radiopharmaceutical compounds that concentrate in organs, such as colloidal gold in the liver and chlormerodrin (Neohydrin) in the kidneys; and (3) a more complete understanding of the factors necessary to obtain scanning images that are readily interpretable by the clinician.  Satisfactory visualization is primarily dependent on the selective deposition of gamma-emitting radioisotopes in specific organs. Just as in cholecystography and renal pyelography, a physiological concentrating mechanism is utilized to concentrate the material. With radioisotope scanning, however, it is not necessary to achieve the high concentration necessary to produce opacity to x-rays. The relative concentration of the radioisotope in
In Utero Remodeling of the Fetal Lamb Ductus Arteriosus
Authors: Ronald I. Clyman, Yao Qi Chen, Sylvain Chemtob, Françoise Mauray, Thomas Kohl, Daya R. Varma, Christine Roman
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —The ductus arteriosus (DA) of newborn infants exposed in utero to indomethacin is resistant to postnatal indomethacin; we hypothesized that this is due to ductus constriction in utero, with subsequent remodeling of the vessel. Methods and Results —Infusion of fetal lambs with indomethacin for 48 hours constricted the DA and increased the thickness of the avascular zone of the DA, which in turn induced the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (due to ingrowth of vasa vasorum), neointima formation, and loss of smooth muscle cells; moderate degrees of DA constriction in utero increased NO production, which inhibited DA contractility. Marked degrees of DA constriction decreased tissue distensibility and contractile capacity. Conclusions —DA patency is no longer controlled primarily by prostaglandins once it has been exposed to indomethacin in utero.
Failure to Reduce the Size of Experimentally Produced Myocardial Infarcts by Cortisone Treatment
Authors: D. F. OPDYKE, A. LAMBERT, H. C. STOERK, M. E. ZANETTI, S. KUNA
Journal: Circulation (1953)

Cortisone, whether used prophylactically or therapeutically, did not appear to have any beneficial effect in reducing the size of the myocardial infarcts produced by coronary artery ligation in dogs. No significant differences were noted between the control and cortisone-treated animals in respect to the vascularity of the infarcted area or the rate of healing.
Combination Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy for Small Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Paul Y. Holoye
Journal: JAMA (1977)

A three-drug combination of the chemotherapeutic agents cyclophosphamide, vincristine sulfate, and doxorubicin hydrochloride was given to 45 patients with small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. In addition, patients with limited disease received radiation therapy to the primary tumor. The complete response rate was 44%, with a median survival of 50 weeks. The partial response rate was 29%, with a median survival of 35 weeks. Patients who did not respond to therapy showed a median survival of only 12 weeks. Twenty percent of the patients had their first recurrence in the brain, and the median survival from the time of disease recurrence was ten weeks. Bone marrow metastasis was encountered in 24% of the patient population, but this did not adversely affect survival.
Determination of His-Purkinje refractoriness in man with His bundle pacing.
Authors: R W Peters, M M Scheinman, S Raskin, J Desai
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Consistent His bundle pacing was accomplished in one of 60 consecutive patients. Intracardiac electrophysiologic studies in this patient revealed rapid atrioventricular nodal conduction (AH = 55 msec). While the relative refractory period of the His-Purkinje system as a whole determined by His bundle pacing (using the extrastimulus technique) was identical to that determined by atrial pacing, changes in right bundle branch refractoriness differed. An atrial extrasystolic interval of 370 msec resulted in right bundle branch block, whereas direct His pacing at a shorter extrasystolic interval (360 msec) failed to produce a bundle branch block pattern. The effective refractory period of the His-Purkinje system could not be determined by atrial pacing because of atrial refractoriness, but was obtained by His bundle pacing. Theoretically, direct His bundle pacing may be of value in determining His-Purkinje system refractoriness when this parameter is unobtainable due to either atrial or atrioventricular nodal refractoriness. This technique appears to have limited clinical usefulness, however, because of the very small success rates. Finally, His-Purkinje system refractoriness may differ, depending on site of stimulation, presumably due to differing inputs into the His-Purkinje system.
Homesick: From Beirut to Rochester
Authors: John H. Davidson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

On Being a Doctor7 April 2015Homesick: From Beirut to RochesterJohn H. Davidson, MDJohn H. Davidson, MDFrom Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M14-2101 Audio Reading - “Homesick: From Beirut to Rochester” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "Homesick: From Beirut to Rochester," by J.H. Davidson. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Homesickness is not always a vague, nostalgic, almost beautiful emotion, although that is somehow the way we always seem to picture it in our mind. It can be a terribly keen blade, not just a sickness in metaphor but in fact as well. It can change the way one looks at the world … Homesickness is a real sickness—the ache of the uprooted plant.—Stephen King, The Breathing MethodIt was our first meeting. He lived 100 miles away but had come to the clinic over the past 5 years for various medical concerns. I was the eleventh physician to ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.Corresponding Author: John H. Davidson, MD, Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905; e-mail, davidson.[email protected]edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “Homesick: From Beirut to Rochester” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "Homesick: From Beirut to Rochester," by J.H. Davidson. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 7 April 2015Volume 162, Issue 7Page: 524-525KeywordsAneurysmsAnxietyBreathingEmotionsInsomniaLaboratory testsMemoryPainSuicideThorax ePublished: 7 April 2015 Issue Published: 7 April 2015 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2015 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of the efficacy of oral psoralen plus ultraviolet A for the treatment of plaque-type psoriasis using the Psoriasis Area Severity Index score (improvement of 75% or greater) at 12 weeks
Authors: S. Priya Sivanesan, Shilpa Gattu, Judith Hong, Arianne Chavez-Frazier, Grace D. Bandow, Farah Malick, Greg Kricorian, John Koo
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2009)
A spline-based non-linear diffeomorphism for multimodal prostate registration
Authors: Jhimli Mitra, Zoltan Kato, Robert Martí, Arnau Oliver, Xavier Lladó, Désiré Sidibé, Soumya Ghose, Joan C. Vilanova, Josep Comet, Fabrice Meriaudeau
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2012)
PTH-080 Do we Need to Screen our Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Patients FOR Depression: The Prevalence and Severity of Depression within a Typical District General Cohort of IBD Patients
Authors: N Swart, D Wellsted, K Lithgo, T Price, M W Johnson
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Depression is believed to occur in 15 to 30% of IBD patients, in which suicide is not an uncommon ideation. Some researchers believe that psychiatric illness may have an aetiological role to play in the onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as the incidence of depression seems to be concentrated in the year before and after the initial diagnosis is made. <h3>Objectives</h3> To assess the true prevalence and severity of depression within our inflammatory bowel disease patients. <h3>Methods</h3> 2400 patients with IBD in the Luton &amp; Dunstable catchment were invited to participate in a web-based quality of life assessment, with the option to request a paper copy. All patients were deemed eligible provided they were over 18 and under 90 years of age, with no major learning difficulties or pre-existing serious mental disorders. The well validated 9-item self-report “Patient Health Questionnaire” (PHQ) was used. The PHQ-9 has a minimum possible score of 0 and a maximum possible score of 27. Scores of 5, 10, 15, and 20 represent cut-off scores for mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe depression. <h3>Results</h3> 245 patients completed the assessment (43% male; mean age = 53, SD = 17). 45% had Ulcerative Colitis, 45% had Crohn’s Disease and 10% had an alternative form of IBD (e.g. Proctitis, Lymphocytic Colitis or Collagenous Colitis). The ethnic mix in the responding cohort was 91% Caucasian, 6% Asian, 2% Mixed and 1% was not stated. The sample had a mean score of 7.8 (CI = 7 – 8.6). 98 (40%) of patients’ scores reflected “no depression”; 64 (26%) reflected “mild depression”; 33 (14%) reflected “moderate depression”; 36 (15%) reflected “moderately severe depression”; 12 (5%) of scores reflected “severe depression”. <h3>Conclusion</h3> 20% of our responding IBD patients were shown to have clinically significant levels of depression (moderately severe + severe), with 5% demonstrating scores suggestive of severe depression (1% expressing suicidal ideation). Relapse rates are known to be closely correlated with the severity of depression, and yet very few are on active treatment or review for this. The prevalence and severity of depression in our cohort of responding IBD patients supports the argument for screening all new IBD patients in order to optimise clinical well-being and treatment efficacy. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Diagnosis in Obstruction of the Common Duct
Authors: Frank Glenn
Journal: JAMA (1965)

A surgeon's evaluation of a patient with jaundice believed to be due to obstruction of the common duct should provide conclusive information relative to four items:   Confirmation that the jaundice is due to obstruction.  Correlation of the clinical manifestations: Is the degree of jaundice minimal or intense? Has it been intermittent or constant? Is it increasing, decreasing or seemingly stationary?  Localization of obstruction.  Determination of the nature of the obstruction: Is it due to calculi, stricture, neoplasm or some other cause?   Confirmation That the Jaundice Is Due to Obstruction.—  Absence of bile from the stool, absence of the bile in duodenal drainage, and the presence of bile in the urine are strong evidence in favor of obstruction. If, in addition, the serum bilirubin and serum alkaline phosphatase are elevated as indicated in Table 2, obstruction is most likely. The laboratory findings outlined in Tables 1 and
Carry on smoking?
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Corn (<i>Zea mays</i>) grown in the southern Piedmont requires 200 to 280 kg nitrogen (N) ha<sup>−1</sup> annually and requires up to 0.87 cm of water per day, making groundwater systems susceptible to nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) leaching. A perennial white clover (<i>Trifolium repens</i> L.) living mulch (LM) system may reduce NO<sub>3</sub>-N leaching by using legume N to replace mineral N, though little information is available on such a system in the southern Piedmont. Therefore, a HYDRUS-1D model was used to simulate water and NO<sub>3</sub>-N flux in three cover crop systems. Cereal rye (<i>Secale cereal</i> L.) (CR), crimson clover (<i>Trifolium incarnatum</i> L.) (CC), and a white clover LM were fertilized with 280, 168, and 56 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>. The HYDRUS-1D model was calibrated and validated with observed water contents and NO<sub>3</sub>-N data that were collected over two years. Water and NO<sub>3</sub>-N flux models were created for each treatment and evaluated using coefficient of determination, percentage bias, and index of agreement, and showed good agreement to observed data. Nitrate leaching below 1 m in 2015/2016 was 23.5, 12.7, and 21.4 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> for the CC, LM, and CR treatments, respectively, but was less than 1 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> for all treatments in 2016/2017 due to prolonged drought. Differences in leached NO<sub>3</sub>-N among treatments were attributed to variation in mineral N application rate and NO<sub>3</sub>-N uptake by cover crops. Overall, results suggest that the use of a perennial LM system may reduce NO<sub>3</sub>-N leaching when compared to annual CC and CR cover crop systems.
The neurite outgrowth inhibitor Nogo A is involved in autoimmune-mediated demyelination
Authors: Tara Karnezis, Wim Mandemakers, Jonathan L McQualter, Binhai Zheng, Peggy P Ho, Kelly A Jordan, Belinda M Murray, Ben Barres, Marc Tessier-Lavigne, Claude C A Bernard
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2004)
VALUE OF THE NEURO-OTOLOGIC TESTS IN THE ARMY FROM A DIAGNOSTIC STANDPOINT
Authors: E. R. CARPENTER
Journal: JAMA (1918)

A great deal of literature has appeared concerning the Bárány tests in the examination of aviators, while very little has been said about their value in other departments of Army medical work. Perhaps the main reason for this is the newness of the subject and the requirement of a greater knowledge of neurology than is usually considered necessary in otologic practice. However this may be, there are many borderline cases among the men already in the service to whom the tests and a correct interpretation of them are highly applicable if we maintain the same standard for ear work that we have established for the other branches of medicine. In the Army, all cases of visual disturbance are carefully investigated by the ophthalmologist, and every case of deafness is referred to the otologist; but when it comes to disturbance of the vestibular apparatus, it does not seem to be so
Voice after laryngectomy.
Authors: J. M. Dawson
Journal: BMJ (1992)

the final choice of treatment.In a recent survey on upwards, by Gleeson's chosen classification of deserved a mention in Rubens and colleagues' the mnageent flarngea caner inthe nite stag) ca be ured2 Not only is this clearly brief discussion of the treatment of myeloma, in Kingdom and Ontario, Canada, Gaze etal afound contrary to his statement that "Others present with preference to trials of high dose chemotherapy that 84% of otolaryngologists and 96% of clinical advanced disease, and for these unlucky patients with bone marrow transplantation, which are at oncologists would recommend primary radio-total laryngectomy provides the only hope of long present too small or in which long term follow up is therapy for T3,N0,M0 laryngeal cancer.'~termsurvival" but analysis of "salvage" surgeryinsufficient to determine outcome.MultipleThe recent advances in stomal valves and speech that is, total laryngectomy after failure of non-myeloma is perhaps an example of a cancer for buttons are excellent news for patients in whom surgical treatment -has confirmed that avoiding which achieving an accurate consensus view of laryngectomy is inevitable, but we should still early surgery does not seem to prejudice overall optimal management from published reports strive to allow as many patients as possible to retain survival (H R Grant et al, 5th European conference required more detailed and wider consultation their larynges with good speech function.on clinical oncology, London, September 1989).than was undertaken.
Measuring the Quality of Editorial Peer Review
Authors: Tom Jefferson
Journal: JAMA (2002)

The quality of a process can only be tested against its agreed objectives. Editorial peer-review is widely used, yet there appears to be little agreement about how to measure its effects or processes.To identify outcome measures used to assess editorial peer review as performed by biomedical journals, we analyzed studies identified from 2 systematic reviews that measured the effects of editorial peer review on the quality of the output (ie, published articles) or of the process itself (eg, reviewers' comments).Ten studies used a variety of instruments to assess the quality of articles that had undergone peer review. Only 1, nonrandomized study compared the quality of articles published in peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed journals. The others measured the effects of variations in the peer-review process or used a before-and-after design to measure the effects of standard peer review on accepted articles. Eighteen studies measured the quality of reviewers' reports under different conditions such as blinding or after training. One study compared the time and cost of different review processes.Until we have properly defined the objectives of peer-review, it will remain almost impossible to assess or improve its effectiveness. The research needed to understand the broader effects of peer review poses many methodologic problems and would require the cooperation of many parts of the scientific community.
THE "DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY" INDUCED BY ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEXES
Authors: Sidney Raffel, J. Michael Newel
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

The "delayed hypersensitive" reactivity induced by antigen-antibody complexes has been studied from the standpoints of the role of such complexes in establishing this state, and the relationship of this state to classical delayed hypersensitivity. It has been shown that the reactivity established by antigen-antibody complexes appears early after injection, disappears within a few days, and is characterized by several properties which make it appear similar to true delayed hypersensitivity, including its appearance, its relative persistence for 48 hours, and its occurrence in the absence of antibodies. By the same tokens, it may be distinguished from hypersensitive reactions of the immediate type. It is referred to here as reactivity of the Jones-Mote type. Antigen alone stimulates exactly the same kind of early reactive state, but with larger doses of antigen this is later replaced by other immunologic responses including circulating antibodies and Arthus reactivity. If sufficiently small doses of antigen are employed, however, the "monophasic" reaction which follows antigen-antibody complexes consisting of the Jones-Mote type of skin responsiveness may be seen. The dermal reactivity under discussion is unlike classical delayed hypersensitivity chiefly in its evanescent character; it is present only during a few days early after antigen administration. It is suggested that this kind of reactivity, which may perhaps require a category of its own, may be related to the "tissue immunity" to tumor transplants which has been observed in mice.
Embargoes that endanger health
Authors: T. Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (1997)

If all else fails you can starve your enemy out. Or let disease, unchecked, take its toll. A personal view (p 1474)1 and a letter (p 1463)2 in this week's journal remind us that the barbarous tactics of earlier wars still have their uses. Both articles deal with the effects on health of rigorously enforced embargoes.

The personal view from three visitors to Iraq augments the account we published a year ago on the effects of sanctions on surgical practice.3 Barnouti wrote then that they had “led to the disruption and collapse of the basic medical system, revealing the inhuman face of sanctions of such severity and length.” Should they continue “the already awful situation of medical services could become even worse.”

On the basis of visits to a wide range of Iraqi hospitals and health centres, the authors of this week's personal view found …
Acetylcysteine did not reduce kidney injury in at-risk patients having vascular angiography
Authors: Mohammad G. Saklayen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Source Citation ACT Investigators. Acetylcysteine for prevention of renal outcomes in patients undergoing coronary and peripheral vascular angiography: main results from the randomized Acetylcysteine for Contrast-induced nephropathy Trial (ACT). Circulation. 2011;124:1250-9. 21859972
The Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services and Amyloid-β Positron Emission Tomography for Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Robert Steinbrook
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Amyloid-β (Aβ) positron emission tomography (PET) has attracted great interest for its potential role as a diagnostic test for Alzheimer disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. At present, the Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services (CMS) does not cover Aβ PET imaging.
Therapies for Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Behnood Bikdeli
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A new European health strategy
Authors: E. Mossialos, M. McKee
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The relation between the United Kingdom and the European Union continues to divide both of Britain's main political parties. The major controversy is whether or not Britain should join the single European currency, but the economic debate hides a deeper concern about national sovereignty and, in particular, the extent to which “Europe” can decide policy that is binding in the United Kingdom. A lack of understanding of the nature and scope of European law has provided a fertile ground for fantastic speculation about what the European Commission would or would not like to do.1 Health policy has been especially vulnerable to misinterpretation, in part because the decision making process is especially complicated.

Firstly, although Romano Prodi, the president of the commission, has created a directorate for health and consumer protection, with primary responsibility for health matters, many …