tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reply to P. Farace et al
Authors: Patrick Y. Wen, Martin J. van den Bent, David R. Macdonald, Christina Tsien, Michael A. Vogelbaum, Susan M. Chang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

We thank Farace et al 1 for their comments on the proposed Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) Working Group response criteria for high-grade gliomas, 2 and the optimal timing of the baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan before the start of adjuvant therapy.Farace et al indicate that in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma, growth of the tumor can occur in the period between surgery and the start of radiotherapy, 3 and suggest that obtaining an MRI scan before the initiation of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (preadjuvant magnetic resonance, PAMR) may provide a more accurate baseline than an immediate postoperative MRI.The issues raised by Farace et al 1 are valid but are unlikely to affect the recommendations of the RANO article.The basis for the original recommendation to use the immediate postsurgical MRI as the baseline is that nonspecific enhancement can occur in subsequent weeks.Differentiating this postsurgical enhancement from progressive disease can be difficult.Although there is emerging data that indicates that advanced imaging techniques such as perfusion imaging may be helpful, this remains to be validated.Farace et al also expressed concern that without a PAMR image, early progressive lesions may be incorrectly considered to have progressed during subsequent evaluation.Although this is a possibility, in the series reported by Taal et al, 4 in which most preradiotherapy scans were actually PAMR images made for treatment-planning purposes, pseudoprogression was still frequently observed.Thus, PAMR images will not resolve the issue of pseudoprogression.In practice, a planning MRI is often obtained before initiation of chemoradiotherapy.However, any new areas of increased enhancement are likely to be included in the clinical target volume on the basis of standard radiation fields, which use postoperative edema noted on T2/fluid attenuated inversion recovery imaging with an additional 2-cm margin.As a result, these changes are unlikely to significantly affect radiation planning using standard radiation fields and doses. 5lthough we suggest that the immediate postsurgical scan be used as the baseline, it is also possible to use the PAMR image as the baseline, provided that care is taken to ensure that any increased enhancement truly represents a progressive tumor and not postoperative changes or the effects of ischemia.In addition, the conclusion of the RANO group regarding the limited value of immediate postradiotherapy magnetic resonance scans for treatment decisions remains unaltered.Finally, because of all these issues, the assessment of response in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma that has been treated with surgery and combined chemoradiotherapy is often difficult and unreliable and is not a valid primary end point.
Expression of the secondary granule proteins major basic protein 1 (MBP-1) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPX) is required for eosinophilopoiesis in mice
Authors: Alfred D. Doyle, Elizabeth A. Jacobsen, Sergei I. Ochkur, Michael P. McGarry, Kevin G. Shim, David T. C. Nguyen, Cheryl Protheroe, Dana Colbert, Jake Kloeber, Joseph Neely, Kelly P. Shim, Kimberly D. Dyer, Helene F. Rosenberg, James J. Lee, Nancy A. Lee
Journal: Blood (2013)
Caring for medically unexplained physical symptoms after toxic environmental exposures: effects of contested causation.
Authors: Charles C Engel, Joyce A Adkins, David N Cowan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS) are persistent idiopathic symptoms that drive patients to seek medical care. MUPS syndromes include chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia syndrome, and multiple chemical sensitivities. When MUPS occur after an environmental exposure or injury, an adversarial social context that we call "contested causation" may ensue. Contested causation may occur publicly and involve media controversy, scientific disagreement, political debate, and legal struggles. This adversarial social context may diminish the effectiveness of the provider-patient relationship. Contested causation also may occur privately, when disagreement over the causes of MUPS takes place in the patient-provider context. These patient-provider disagreements over causation often occur because of the enigmatic nature of MUPS. We suggest that a context of contested causation may have serious negative effects on healthcare for individuals with MUPS. Context plays a larger role in MUPS care than it does for most medical care because of the uncertain nature of MUPS, the reliance of standard MUPS therapies on a potentially tenuous patient-provider partnership, and the clinical need to rely routinely on subjective MUPS assessments that often yield discordant patient and provider conclusions. Contested causation may erode patient-provider trust, test the provider's self-assurance and capacity to share power with the patient, and raise problematic issues of compensation, reparation, and blame. These issues may distract patients and providers from therapeutic goals. In occupational and military settings, the adverse impact of contested causation on the patient-provider partnership may diminish therapeutic effectiveness to a greater degree than it does in other medical settings. Contested causation therefore raises questions regarding generalizability of standard therapies for MUPS and related syndromes to these settings. Future research is needed to learn whether intuitively sensible and evidence-based MUPS therapies benefit occupational and military medical patients who are afforded care in the context of contested causation.
Theme Issue on Chronic Diseases in Infants, Children, and Young Adults: Call for Papers
Authors: Catherine D. DeAngelis, Jody W. Zylke
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Loss of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α function in human hepatocellular adenomas leads to aberrant activation of signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis
Authors: Laura Pelletier, Sandra Rebouissou, Alain Paris, Estelle Rathahao-Paris, Elisabeth Perdu, Paulette Bioulac-Sage, Sandrine Imbeaud, Jessica Zucman-Rossi
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) are benign liver tumors that usually develop in women who are taking oral contraceptives. Among these tumors, biallelic inactivating mutations of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1alpha (HNF1A) transcription factor have been frequently identified and in rare cases of hepatocellular carcinomas developed in noncirrhotic liver. Because HNF1A meets the genetic criteria of a tumor suppressor gene, we aimed to elucidate the tumorigenic mechanisms related to HNF1alpha inactivation in hepatocytes. We searched for signaling pathways aberrantly activated in human HNF1A-mutated HCA (H-HCA) using a genome-wide transcriptome analysis comparing five H-HCA with four normal livers. We validated the main pathways by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting in a large series of samples. Then, we assessed the role of HNF1alpha in the observed deregulations in hepatocellular cell models (HepG2 and Hep3B) by silencing its endogenous expression using small interfering RNA. Along with the previously described induction of glycolysis and lipogenesis, H-HCA also displayed overexpression of several genes encoding growth factor receptors, components of the translation machinery, cell cycle, and angiogenesis regulators, with, in particular, activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Moreover, estradiol detoxification activities were shut down, suggesting a hypersensitivity of H-HCA to estrogenic stimulation. In the cell model, inhibition of HNF1alpha recapitulated most of these identified transcriptional deregulations, demonstrating that they were related to HNF1alpha inhibition.H-HCA showed a combination of alterations related to HNF1alpha inactivation that may cooperate to promote tumor development. Interestingly, mTOR appears as a potential new attractive therapeutic target for treatment of this group of HCAs.
The Aberdeen Medical School
Authors: J. Craig
Journal: BMJ (1939)

The Sectional Meetings for scientific and clinical work will be held on Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday, July 26, 27, and 28, the morning sessions being given up to discussions and the reading of papers.The Annual Representative Meeting for the transaction of medico-political business will begin on the previous Friday, July 21.The full list of presidents, vice-presidents, and honorary secretaries of the scientific sections is printed with the provisional programme in the Supplement this week.Other details of the arrangements
Grf40, A Novel Grb2 Family Member, Is Involved in T Cell Signaling through Interaction with SLP-76 and LAT
Authors: Hiroshi Asada, Naoto Ishii, Yoshiteru Sasaki, Kazuhiro Endo, Hirotake Kasai, Nobuyuki Tanaka, Toshikazu Takeshita, Shigeru Tsuchiya, Tasuke Konno, Kazuo Sugamura
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

We molecularly cloned a new Grb2 family member, named Grf40, containing the common SH3-SH2-SH3 motif. Expression of Grf40 is predominant in hematopoietic cells, particularly T cells. Grf40 binds to the SH2 domain-containing leukocyte protein of 76 kD (SLP-76) via its SH3 domain more tightly than Grb2. Incidentally, Grf40 binds to linker for activation of T cells (LAT) possibly via its SH2 domain. Overexpression of wild-type Grf40 in Jurkat cells induced a significant increase of SLP-76-dependent interleukin (IL)-2 promoter and nuclear factor of activated T cell (NF-AT) activation upon T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, whereas the COOH-terminal SH3-deleted Grf40 mutant lacked any recognizable increase in IL-2 promoter activity. Furthermore, the SH2-deleted Grf40 mutant led to a marked inhibition of these regulatory activities, the effect of which is apparently stronger than that of the SH2-deleted Grb2 mutant. Our data suggest that Grf40 is an adaptor molecule involved in TCR-mediated signaling through a more efficient interaction than Grb2 with SLP-76 and LAT.
CARE OF ADVANCED CARCINOMA OF THE GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT
Authors: FRANK C. YEOMANS
Journal: JAMA (1933)

In the United States more than 100,000 persons die annually from malignant disease. The death rate for cancer throughout the country per hundred thousand of population was 63 in 1900 and 96 in 1929, an increase of 52 per cent. Cancer ranked sixth as the cause of death in 1900 and rose to second place in 1930.  At the twenty-second annual clinical congress of the American College of Surgeons, held at St. Louis in October, 1932, a symposium was presented on the curability of cancer. Crile 1 reported that 4,059 patients seen at the Cleveland Clinic prior to 1928 had been traced. Of 726 patients seen with carcinoma of the stomach, thirteen survived operation three years and seven a period of five years; that is, a survival of 2.7 per cent of all patients seen. Of 841 cases of malignant tumors of the colon and rectum seen, eighty-nine patients survived
Author of race discrimination report claims he was pressured to modify covering letter
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The author of a General Medical Council report looking at possible reasons for the low pass rate of ethnic minority doctors in a royal college exam has said that the GMC had put pressure on him to remove a sentence from a covering letter sent out with the report.

The original letter, alerting people to the imminent publication of the report, told recipients that the investigation had found the possibility of racial bias. Its author was asked to remove this sentence because the “stakeholders wouldn’t like it,” the BMJ has learnt.

Publication of the report last week led to a row over what the results meant.1 2 3 The Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) said that the report exonerated it of racial discrimination in the clinical skills assessment part of its membership exam. But the authors of a BMJ paper published on the day the report came out said that the data showed the possibility of “subjective bias …
Immunologic Reconstitution with Fetal Tissue
Authors: John H. Githens
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

IT has been recognized for a number of years that infants with congenital T-cell defects (cellular immune deficiencies) will readily accept various allogeneic grafts. Immunologic reconstitution of these infants by transplantation of appropriate lymphoid cell lines or by restoration of normal thymic stimulation has challenged a number of investigators. However, severe and often fatal graft-versus-host (GVH) disease followed the early attempts at reconstitution when adult blood or bone-marrow donors were used who were incompatible in the HLA tissue antigen system.1 With the advent of HLA typing, it was recognized that a 25 per cent chance existed that siblings might be . . .
7 PSI-7977 PROTON AND ELECTRON: 100% CONCORDANCE OF SVR4 WITH SVR24 IN HCV GT1, GT2, &amp; GT3
Authors: E. Lawitz, E. Gane, C. Stedman, J.P. Lalezari, T. Hassanein, K.V. Kowdley, F.F. Poordad, A.M. Sheikh, N.H. Afdal, D.E. Bernstein, E. DeJesus, B. Freilich, D.R. Nelson, D.T. Dieterich, I.M. Jacobson, D. Jensen, G.A. Abrams, J.M. Darling, M. Rodriguez-Torres, K.R. Reddy, M.S. Sulkowski, N.H. Bzowej, M.P. DeMicco, J.S. Strohecker, R.H. Hyland, J.K. Anderson, C. Baker, S. Kirven, R.G. Hindes, E. Albanis, W.T. Symonds, M.M. Berrey
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
The use of microorganisms for the study of drug metabolism
Authors: Alice M. Clark, James D. McChesney, Charles D. Hufford
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (1985)

The potential for the use of microorganisms as tools in the study of drug metabolism appears to be unlimited. The selected examples cited here are only the beginning of what could develop into a widely accepted alternative in vitro model system for studying drug metabolism in humans. As with any other in vitro model system, it is not expected that microbial systems could ever replace animals in biomedical research. The acquisition of data regarding absorption, distribution, and excretion will still require whole animal systems. However, it is clear from the examples cited that microbial systems offer a reliable, reproducible alternative to small animal models for preliminary drug metabolism studies. Due to significant species variation, small animal models may, in many cases, be less reliable than microorganisms as predictive models of human metabolism. It has been estimated that approximately 70 million animals are used each year in the U.S. for biomedical research. The development of any techniques which curtail the sacrifice of such large numbers of animals is welcomed both by animal welfare groups who wish to ensure the humane treatment of laboratory animals and by researchers who additionally appreciate the more practical and economical benefits of such alternatives.
Efficacy and Toxicity of Chemoradiotherapy with Carboplatin and Irinotecan Followed by Consolidation Docetaxel for Unresectable Stage III Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Bruno R. Bastos, Georges F. Hatoum, Gail R. Walker, Khaled Tolba, Christiane Takita, Jorge Gomez, Edgardo S. Santos, Gilberto Lopes, Luis E. Raez
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Comparison of Albumin Excretion Rate Obtained With Different Times of Collection
Authors: Thomas B Wiegmann, Arnold M Chonko, Martha J Barnard, Margaret L MacDougall, John Folscroft, Janet Stephenson, Joseph L Kyner, Wayne V Moore
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

This study was undertaken to assess the usefulness of different techniques for determination of albumin excretion rate (AER). Ninety patients with type I (insulindependent) diabetes mellitus and 45 with type II (noninsulin- dependent) diabetes mellitus, with AER/24 h of &amp;lt;200 μg/min, were included. All patients were free of major systemic complications of diabetes and overt kidney disease (mean serum creatinine 1.1 ± 0.1 mg/dl, range 0.4-1.2 mg/dl). We compared timed day, night, and 24-h specimens, as well as timed spot specimens during water-induced diuresis. Most patients with type I (75 of 90) and type II (30 of 45) diabetes had AER &amp;lt;20 μg/min and showed significant differences in AER that were dependenton the collection time. Differences were diminished or absent with AER &amp;lt;20 μg/min. Sensitivity, specificity, and prediction rates of AER in different specimens were evaluated against 24-h AER. Use of albumin concentrations and albumin-creatinine ratios did not improve test performance in comparison with AER. Sampling time and the overall rate of AER influenced measurement of urinary albumin excretion. Day or 24-h AER is most useful to determine the presence of abnormal AER. AER and albumin concentration in spot samples are of limited use for initial screening and frequently require day or 24-h specimens of AER for confirmation. Day or 24-h AER should be used for long-term follow-up of the diabetic patient.
Determinats of successful nonthoracotomy cardioverter-defibrillator implantation: Experience in 101 patients using two different lead systems
Authors: Ross Brooks, Hasan Garan, Facc David Torchiana, Gus J. Vlahakes, Guy Jackson, John Newell, Brian A. McGovern, Jeremy N. Ruskin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
Primary Pulmonary Artery Sarcoma and Coexisting Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Smitha Rajaram, Andrew J. Swift, Christine Davies, Catherine Hill, David Jenkins, Martin Goddard, Robin Condliffe, Charles A. Elliot, Jim M. Wild, David G. Kiely
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2013)
Narrow-band imaging with magnifying endoscopy for the screening of esophageal cancer in patients with primary head and neck cancers
Authors: C. Lee, C. Chang, Y. Lee, C. Tai, W. Wang, P. Tseng, J. Hwang, T. Hwang, C. Wang, J. Lin
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

See also: Commentaire de travail de C. T. Lee et al., pp. 613Endoscopy 2010; 42(08): 994-994DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306701
Quoting intermediate analyses can only mislead
Authors: J M Bland
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Rationing health careAllocating resources only to treating present dangers would ruin preventive health care and jeopardise future livesEditor-In his article on the objectives of the NHS John Harris argues that "there is a good principle that real and present dangers should be met before future and speculative ones." 1 Has he really thought about the implications of this?Immunisation, health promotion, and preventive interventions would all be swept away in favour of curative treatments.As the lives lost by such a shift in resources would be future lives and the people not identifiable beforehand, they would count for nothing.The state's obligation to protect the "citizen against threats to her life and liberty" only applies to immediate threats.Harris argues that the health budget should be larger, as if a larger budget will somehow allocate itself and obviate the need for choosing between competing alternatives.He also claims that health care (and he means curative care) should be afforded a high priority in the state budget.This presents a simple dilemma: should the state spend more on raising the income of impoverished families or on resources to provide more intensive care beds?Since raising the income of poor families has no impact on immediate threats to health, according to Harris we must clearly prefer spending more on providing more intensive care beds.Harris fails to recognise the first problem in identifying healthcare needs.If resources are not the immediate constraint on a healthcare system then rationing takes place on the basis of whether a need (or a want) can be legitimised as a healthcare need.In times of plenty the remit of formal health care expands.Harris seems to desire this process to continue.In wishing for more of our labour to be devoted to financing this end, he can see no cost or opportunity cost to the process.Am I alone in finding this naive?
Cardiac abnormality in polymyositis.
Authors: G P Sharratt, G Danta, P H Carson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1977)

Thirteen patients with polymyositis were investigated for the presence of cardiac disease by clinical examination, chest x-ray, electrocardiogram, and systolic time intervals. 5 patients had evidence of cardiac involvement. Compared with the other 8 patients, their polymyositis was more long-standing, more severe, and had remained active. Electrocardiogram usually showed arrhythmias and conduction disturbances, and 4 of the 5 patients had abnormal systolic time intervals indicating left ventricular dysfunction. Left ventricular involvement in polymyositis is more frequent than previously recognized and systolic time intervals are a simple, noninvasive method of detecting this.
A Case of Septicaemia Treated with Antistreptococcus Serum: Death
Authors: E. A. Lermitte
Journal: BMJ (1898)

TM Barr= i6iiI drained by the infected gland, preferably the right and left inguinal region.I have not seen good results by injecting it into remote areas.5. In phagedfenic ulceration complicating venereal sores this serum would appear not only to neutralise the toxins in the blood, but also to bring about a healthy condition of the ulcer.