tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ON SOME USES OF OPIUM
Authors: E. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1909)

scoundrel, Stertinius Xenophon of Cos, who aided Messalina to poison Claudius; or, again, of a lesser order of turpitude-to the swaggering impostor, Thessalus, and his like.The huge fortunes left by these medical adven- turers, fortunes estimated in scores of millions of sesterces, whatever these sums may mean to us, speak not only of the unscrupulous rapacity of the Greeklings who hied to Rome to shake the pagoda tree, but also of the ill-gotten spoils and bloating diseases of their patrons.In venality there was not much to choose, perhaps, between Vettius and his like and Crassus, "the great slum landlord."Yet while such evil men were flourishing, men of modest mien and honest, kindly nature, men, moreover, of skill and resource, if less notorious were by no means wanting; such men as Antonius Musa, to whom Galen testifies as the able physician of Augustus and the friend of Virgil,* Horace, and Mecenas; or such as Meges, of whom Celsus speaks as "$the very wise," who was the best pupil of Themison, and the first to reduce a forward luxation of the knee,t and to describe carefully certain scrofulous conditions.Of the esteem and affection in which many, such honourable and skilful physicians were held we have ample warrant in contemporary authors, as, for instance, in Cicero.and Seneca.Seneca has left us a beautiful portrait of his own physician, of whom he gratefully says, " pretium operae solvitur, animi debetur."Perhaps it was during the period of the Spanish emperors, if we may rely on Galen himself, Plutarch, Pliny the Younger, and Dion Cassius, that, superstitious as the period still was, physicians stood highest for probity, skill, and beneficence.By these authors many such men, to us now but noninis umbrae, are named with honour and affection.In the midst of the swelter, towering above all, as great monuments rise above turbid and devouring floods, beacons for their own age and for all ages, stood, and yet stand, the great figures of Asclepiades and Galen, in fame unequal but in the gifts of Nature not unequal.Of these great men, and of Asclepiades especially, I spoke in Lecture II, published in the JOURNAL of November 27th.* It has been cogently argued that Musa was the Iapyx of Virgil.f Professor Howard Marsh thinks what is meant in this passage is a forcing forwards of the tibia in relation to the lower end of the lemur, a condition he has seen only twice.
An American Pathologist's View of Medicine on the Island of Grenada
Authors: Eugene J. Mark
Journal: JAMA (1989)

"Just south of paradise, just north of frustation."<sup>1</sup> From an American perspective, practicing medicine in Grenada is like practicing medicine on another planet. The heat slows thought processes as well as physical activity. Antiquated buildings with worn floors seem unhygienic. Unoccupied hospital beds have no sheets, and cardiac monitors, ventilators, and televisions are nonexistent. Everything except time seems in short supply. Recently, I had the opportunity to spend 1 month practicing as a physician and pathologist with Project HOPE in St George's, Grenada. Project HOPE, an independent nonprofit corporation that began operations in 1958, is popularly associated with the world's first peacetime hospital ship.<sup>2</sup>The shipboard delivery of medicine is no longer part of its program, but Project HOPE now has health personnel in many developing countries and in the United States. Project HOPE has been in Grenada since 1983, when the US Army invaded the capital during
Abstract 4391: MET is a potential therapeutic target and a candidate for combination therapy with EGFR inhibition in triple-negative/basal-like breast cancer.
Authors: Yu Jin Kim, Jong-Sun Choi, Ji-Young Song, Kyungsoo Jung, Ensel Oh, Young Kee Shin, Yoon-La Choi
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)/basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) are known as poor outcome subtypes with deficiency of targeted molecular therapy. Previous studies showed that MET may play a critical role in the development of TNBC and may be a rational therapeutic target. In order to evaluate MET as a potential therapeutic target for TNBC, we investigated genomic aberration and expression status of MET and evaluated efficacy of MET inhibitor, PHA-665752 in TNBC cell lines. MET protein expression was relatively high in TNBC cell lines. The depletion of MET using small interfering RNA (siRNA) led decreased cell proliferation and migration. PHA-665752 treatment resulted in decreased cell viability, and most of these cell lines were found to be moderately sensitive in their response to PHA-665752. The most resistant cell line, MDA-MB-468, showed exclusively high expression of EGFR, and then EGFR depletion using siRNA induced increased sensitivity to PHA-665752. In our cohort, BLBC was the subtype showing the highest relationship with MET expression among 5 subtypes (77/134, 57.5%, P&amp;lt;0.001). MET expression had a poorer OS (P=0.001) and DFS (P=0.010). Interestingly, TNBC patients with co-expression of MET and EGFR worsen the DFS significantly compared with EGFR expression only. Our findings highly suggest that MET can be a potential therapeutic target in TNBC, and the combined inhibition of MET and EGFR may benefit for the treatment of BLBC patients. Citation Format: Yu Jin Kim, Jong-Sun Choi, Ji-Young Song, Kyungsoo Jung, Ensel Oh, Young Kee Shin, Yoon-La Choi. MET is a potential therapeutic target and a candidate for combination therapy with EGFR inhibition in triple-negative/basal-like breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4391. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4391
PET/CT Appearance of Intestinal Behcet Disease
Authors: Marina-Portia Anthony, Jingbo Zhang, Pek-Lan Khong
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

Behcet disease is a multisystem, chronic relapsing vasculitis of unknown etiology. Gastrointestinal involvement occurs in 10% to 40%, usually affecting the terminal ileum and cecum. Radiologic appearances resemble inflammatory and neoplastic diseases, with differential diagnoses including: Crohn disease, carcinoma, lymphoma, typhlitis, tuberculosis, and amebiasis. While computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging appearances have been described, the F-18 fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT appearance of intestinal Behcet disease has not been previously reported. FDG-PET, coregistered with CT, was useful in this case to aid lesion detection, and for determining the extent of disease for treatment planning. The case also highlights the need for awareness of this condition as a rare benign cause for false-positive diagnosis in the assessment for malignancy, with potential avoidance of unnecessary surgery.
Ipratropium in the Treatment of Patients with Perennial Rhinitis
Authors: I. Sjögren, J. Juhålsz
Journal: Allergy (1984)

Rhinorrhea is due to increased parasympathetic activity. This study was undertaken in order to study the applicability and efficacy of ipratropium, an anticholinergic drug, in patients with perennial rhinitis seen in an allergy clinic. Thirteen patients were included in the double‐blind. Cross‐over study following screening with methacholine test. The number of paper tissues used during the period with active drug decreased significantly. Other variables did not change significantly. Eight patients preferred the active drug. The findings of this study suggest that ipratropium brominde is a valuable addition in the treatment of patients with perennial rhinitis with rhinorrhea.
Meta-analysis using individual participant data is the gold standard for diagnostic studies
Authors: Ming-Hua Zheng, Ke-Qing Shi, Yu-Chen Fan, Yong-Ping Chen
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

We read the article by Lin et al. with great interest.1 Using aggregate data (AD), the authors performed a meta-analysis to assess the accuracy of the aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index in predicting fibrosis stage in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-monoinfected individuals and individuals coinfected with HCV and human immunodeficiency virus. However, we would like to comment on the concerns raised over their data collection approach. As we know, AD usually refers to averaged or estimated data taken directly from reported literature; it is less accurate and can easily misinform readers. Therefore, individual participant data (IPD) is urgently needed.2 IPD meta-analysis (IPDMA) is widely considered to be more reliable than AD meta-analysis, and these two approaches may lead to wholly opposite conclusions.3, 4 Currently, the number of published articles using IPDMA has risen dramatically from a few articles per year in the early 1990s to an average of 50 per year since 2005 (Fig. 1). Number of distinct, applied meta-analyses of individual participant data published from January 1991 to December 25, 2010, as identified by a systematic review of PubMed. In contrast to AD meta-analysis on diagnostic studies, IPDMA has the potential to establish the value of test combinations.2, 5, 6 First, IPD can be considered as original continuous data rather than dichotomous classification data and can be analyzed from beginning to end. In addition, this approach is essential to determining a relation between test result and disease, because the test accuracy could be estimated at different cutoff values. Second, the association across patient-level characteristic or between patient level and study level characteristic (study design, setting) can be assessed, without the ecological fallacy problem. In summary, IPDMA needs to be applied in the diagnostic study. Ming-Hua Zheng M.D.*, Ke-Qing Shi M.D.*, Yu-Chen Fan M.D. , Yong-Ping Chen M.D.*, * Department of Infection and Liver Diseases, Liver Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, China, Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
303 CHARACTERIZATION OF THE Met-TRIGGERED MIGRATORY AND INVASIVE RESPONSE IN LIVER PROGENITOR OVAL CELLS
Authors: A. Sánchez, A. Suarez-Causado, D. Caballero, C. Roncero, M. García-Álvaro, M. Fernández, B. Herrera, A. Porras, I. Fabregat
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Effects of spontaneous respiration on canine left ventricular function.
Authors: W R Summer, S Permutt, K Sagawa, A A Shoukas, B Bromberger-Barnea
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism of the decrease in left ventricular stroke volume during spontaneous inspiration. We determined the transmural pressures of the left heart by measuring left atrial and diastolic left ventricular pressures relative to esophageal pressure. We estimated the directional changes in end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes of the left ventricle by determining the transit time of sound transmission between two ultrasonic crystals facing each other across the minor axis of the left ventricle. Left ventricular stroke volume decreased with spontaneous inspiratory effort as pleural pressure fell, regardless of whether lung volume increased or remained constant. The stroke volume was decreased during the fall in pleural pressure because of an increase in end-systolic volume with an essentially unchanged diastolic volume. Thus, the decrease in stroke volume was due to a decrease in ejection, rather than a decrease in filling of the left ventricle. We believe that left ventricular ejection was impeded by the fall in pressure around the heart relative to the pressure in the aorta. In spite of the essentially constant diastolic volume, diastolic left ventricular transmural pressure rose, suggesting that spontaneous inspiration decreases the diastolic compliance of the left ventricle. The change in diastolic compliance contributed to the decrease in stroke volume but was not the primary cause.
The ECG in Practice.
Authors: C. SALDANHA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

The ECG in Practice. CLYDE SALDANHA CLYDE SALDANHA London, United Kingdom 2nd edition By J R Hampton. (Pp 332; £8.95.) Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1992. ISBN 0-443-04506-2. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 1, January 1993, Page 143, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.1.143 Published: 01 January 1993
Persistent hepatitis D virus mono-infection in humanized mice is efficiently converted by hepatitis B virus to a productive co-infection
Authors: Katja Giersch, Martina Helbig, Tassilo Volz, Lena Allweiss, Lida V. Mancke, Ansgar W. Lohse, Susanne Polywka, Jörg M. Pollok, Jörg Petersen, John Taylor, Maura Dandri, Marc Lütgehetmann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Identification of a cis-acting regulatory element conferring inducibility of the atrial natriuretic factor gene in acute pressure overload.
Authors: R von Harsdorf, J G Edwards, Y T Shen, R K Kudej, R Dietz, L A Leinwand, B Nadal-Ginard, S F Vatner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

To identify the cis-acting regulatory element(s) which control the induction of the atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) gene in acute pressure overload, DNA constructs consisting of promoter elements linked to a reporter gene were injected into the myocardium of dogs, which underwent aortic banding or were sham-operated. Expression of a reporter gene construct harboring the ANF promoter (-3400ANF) was induced 6-12-fold after 7 d of pressure overload. An internal deletion of 556 bp (nucleotide sequence -693 to -137) completely abrogated the inducibility of the ANF reporter gene construct. An activator protein-1 (AP1)-like site (-496 to -489) and a cAMP regulatory element (CRE) (-602 to -596) are located within the deleted sequence. Site-directed mutagenesis of the AP1-like site but not the CRE completely prevented the induction of this construct to acute pressure overload. Further, the AP1-like site was able to confer inducibility of a heterologous promoter (beta-myosin heavy chain) to higher values than controls. Gel mobility shift assay (GMSA) supershift analysis was performed using a radiolabeled probe of the ANF promoter (-506/-483) that included the AP1-like site (ATGAATCA) sequence, as well as a probe converted to contain an AP1 consensus sequence (ATGACTCA). GMSA analysis demonstrated that the ANF AP1-like element could bind both a constitutively expressed factor and the AP1 proteins, and conversion to a true AP1 site increased its affinity for AP1. However, 7 d after the onset of pressure overload, the AP1 proteins were present only at low levels, and the major complex formed by the ANF AP1-like probe was not supershifted by a jun antibody. Using a large animal model of pressure overload, we have demonstrated that a unique cis-acting element was primarily responsible for the overload induction of the ANF gene.
A STUDY OF THE COMPARATIVE ABILITY OF STANNOUS CHLORIDE FORMULATED WITH EITHER EHDP OR PYROPHOSPHATE TO PROMOTE RED BLOOD CELL LABELING WITH Tc99m
Authors: B. F. Van Duzee, J. A. Schaefer, A. J. Tofe, M. C. Gerson, C. Williams, E. B. Silberstein
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

Van Duzee, B. F.*; Schaefer, J. A.*; Tofe, A. J.*; Gerson, M. C.; Williams, C.; Silberstein, E. B.* Author Information
The Status of Psychiatry in the National Health Service
Authors: A. B. MONRO
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

Under the National Health Service the status of British psychiatry has improved in relation to that of general medicine. One of the most important factors has been the ending of the comparatively isolated position of psychiatry. Another has been increased financial provision, and a third the rapid expansion of undergraduate teaching. As a result, psychiatry has emerged from the status of an isolated specialty to that of a major branch of the medical profession.
Colour atlas of bone, joint and soft tissue pathology.
Authors: J S KHURANA, H R SCHUMACHER
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2000)

Colour atlas of bone, joint and soft tissue pathology. Nicholas A Athanasou. (£140.) Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999. ISBN 9–780192–627926.

Here is a wonderful introduction to the often underappreciated world of bone and other musculoskeletal pathology. Medical students, residents, fellows in pathology and rheumatology and orthopaedics who have an interest in musculoskeletal pathology would probably enjoy going through the excellent pictures and the short, informative descriptions. The book has a wide scope and thus gives a “bird's eye” glimpse of many conditions without necessarily considering them in depth. For breadth, one must make sacrifices. Consequently, this guide is better as a reference …
Does Exposure to Internal Cues Enhance Exposure to External Cues in Agoraphobia with Panic?
Authors: L.M. Ito, H. Noshirvani, M. Başo&gcaron;lu, I.M. Marks
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1996)

The value of internal (interoceptive) cues for exposure is under debate and so was tested in a pilot controlled study.Outpatients with panic disorder and severe agoraphobia were randomised to 10 weeks of self-exposure to either (1) both internal (interoceptive) and external cues (n = 12) or (2) external cues only (n = 14). Both groups were trained in slow deep breathing and asked to carry out daily self-exposure homework. Neither group had cognitive restructuring.By post-treatment and follow-up all outcome measures improved significantly in both treatment groups. The two groups did not differ significantly in outcome, though slightly more patients who had exposure to both internal and external cues improved 50% or more on phobic avoidance and fear.A larger controlled study is now worthwhile to tell if such small differences can be significant.
Detection of deterioration or infection of homograft and porcine xenograft bioprosthetic valves in mitral and aortic positions by two-dimensional echocardiographic examination
Authors: Ehud Grenadier, David J. Sahn, Antony H.G. Roche, Lilliam M. Valdes-Cruz, Jack G. Copeland, Stanley J. Goldberg, Hugh D. Allen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1983)
New government in Rajasthan is accused of trying to sabotage free drug scheme
Authors: D. Sachan
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Public health activists have claimed that the new Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government in Rajasthan is trying to sabotage a free drug scheme set up by the previous Indian National Congress government.

The scheme, launched in 2011 by the then chief minister, Ashok Gehlot, provided more than 600 essential drugs free at public health facilities across the state. Last year the government launched a free diagnosis scheme to supplement the drug scheme.

The World Health Organization said that around 649 million people in India did not have regular access to essential drugs. To tackle this problem, in 1995 the state of Tamil Nadu put in place a successful model of centralised drug procurement and decentralised distribution, and the newer scheme in Rajasthan uses the same method.

The BJP government came to power last December. Samit Sharma, managing director of the Rajasthan Medical Services Corporation—the agency that runs the free drug scheme—was removed from the post in January, which has fuelled suspicion among the population.

Chhaya Pachauli, an activist with …
Duration of Prophylaxis against Venous Thromboembolism with Enoxaparin after Surgery for Cancer
Authors: David Bergqvist, Giancarlo Agnelli, Alexander T. Cohen, Amiram Eldor, Paul E. Nilsson, Anne Le Moigne-Amrani, Flavia Dietrich-Neto
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Abdominal surgery for cancer carries a high risk of venous thromboembolism, but the optimal duration of postoperative thromboprophylaxis is unknown.
Spanish doctors draw up advice on ethics of virginity certificates
Authors: X. Bosch
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Concerns that requests from Muslim immigrants for medical certificates of virginity could soon become common have led the conservative party Partido Popular to propose a new law in the parliament of Andalucia.

The party wants Andalucia's health department to warn doctors that virginity certificates are an invasion of a patient's privacy and that “doctors must preserve [such privacy] as guaranteed by the Spanish constitution.”

Ms Esperanza Ona, the Partido Popular's health coordinator in Andalucia—the Spanish region with the greatest Muslim population—said that the different customs of immigrants to Andalucia might cause problems.

While it was essential to ensure harmonious and respectful cohabitation, she argued, a respect for different ideas, creeds, and cultures could never justify sex discrimination. Last week the party urged the Andalusian government to make it illegal for …
Development of a Competitive PCR Method for Physical Titration of Recombinant EBV Vector in a Helper-Dependent Packaging System
Authors: Jianlong Wang, Jean-Michel H. Vos
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a γ-herpesvirus with B lymphotropism and a double-stranded DNA genome of 172 kb that is episomally maintained in permissive cells during latency. EBV-based vectors containing minimal cis elements for replication, amplification, and helper-dependent packaging in a producer cell line HH514 have been developed to deliver therapeutic/suicide transgenes as infectious viral particles (miniEBV) to EBV-transformed B lymphoblastoid cells or B lymphoma cells. A quantitative, competitive PCR-based assay was developed to determine the relative packaging efficiencies of miniEBV and helper P3HR1 coproduced in HH514 cells. This provides a rapid and accurate quantitation of the physical titer of the virus preparation, which helps preserve the biological titer of the virus preparation and increase the efficiency of transgene delivery by miniEBV infection. In addition, it provides a sensitive and accurate way to evaluate future development of a helper-free packaging system by detecting any possible helper virus contamination.
1006 IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF CYTOKERATIN 7/10/19 AND ß-CATENIN PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: A. Štatić, A. Mrzljak, S. Gašparov, V. Čolí Cvrlje, S. Naumovski Mihalí, D. Škegro, T. Filipec Kanižaj, D. Guštin, S. Jadrijević, B. Kocman
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Filariasis in the Middle East
Authors: J. Fine, None Livny
Journal: BMJ (1943)

obtained a considerably higher proportion of men with 0/5- 7% in even his best group.This discrepancy is probably mainly due to difference in technique, and emphasizes the advantage of the viewing-screen over goggles.In spite of constant atten- tion the latter become fogged and are a source of error.The chief interest of this series of results is the illustration it gives of the downward trend of scotopic vision which occurs with advancing years.According to these results the drop begins before the age of 18. Since, however, the drop from the average at 18 to that at about 44 is only in the region of 3 ,uml., this point is of theoretical rather than of practical importance.SummaryThe brightness figures of the Army night-vision test are given, with a qualifying remark on the colour of the light in adaptometers.Though the test is one of form sense it appears that the 'minimnum light necessary for the discrimination of a simple form is in the region of the absolute light threshold.The results are recorded of 10,333 tests, the subjects of which were high-category men between the ages of 18 and 55.They illustrate the downward trend of scotopic vision which occurs with advancing years.We wish to thank Brig.
Risk factors for arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death late after repair of tetralogy of Fallot: a multicentre study
Authors: Michael A Gatzoulis, Seshadri Balaji, Steven A Webber, Samuel C Siu, John S Hokanson, Christine Poile, Mark Rosenthal, Makoto Nakazawa, James H Moller, Paul C Gillette, Gary D Webb, Andrew N Redington
Journal: The Lancet (2000)