tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Achieved Levels of HbA1c and Likelihood of Hospital Admission in People With Type 1 Diabetes in the Scottish Population
Authors: Lindsay Govan, Olivia Wu, Andrew Briggs, Helen M. Colhoun, Colin M. Fischbacher, Graham P. Leese, John A. McKnight, Sam Philip, Naveed Sattar, Sarah H. Wild, Robert S. Lindsay
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

People with type 1 diabetes have increased risk of hospital admission compared with those without diabetes. We hypothesized that HbA(1c) would be an important indicator of risk of hospital admission.The Scottish Care Information-Diabetes Collaboration, a dynamic national register of diagnosed cases of diabetes in Scotland, was linked to national data on admissions. We identified 24,750 people with type 1 diabetes during January 2005 to December 2007. We assessed the relationship between deciles of mean HbA(1c) and hospital admissions in people with type 1 diabetes adjusting for patient characteristics.There were 3,229 hospital admissions. Of the admissions, 8.1% of people had mean HbA(1c) <7.0% (53 mmol/mol) and 16.3% had HbA(1c) <7.5% (58 mmol/mol). The lowest odds of admission were associated with HbA(1c) 7.7-8.7% (61-72 mmol/mol). When compared with this decile, a J-shaped relationship existed between HbA(1c) and admission. The highest HbA(1c) decile (10.8-18.4%/95-178 mmol/mol) showed significantly higher odds ratio (95% CI) for any admission (2.80, 2.51-3.12); the lowest HbA(1c) decile (4.4-7.1%/25-54 mmol/mol) showed an increase in odds of admission of 1.29 (1.10-1.51). The highest HbA(1c) decile experienced significantly higher odds of diabetes-related (3.31, 2.94-3.72) and diabetes ketoacidosis admissions (10.18, 7.96-13.01).People with type 1 diabetes with highest and lowest mean HbA(1c) values were associated with increased odds of admission. People with high HbA(1c) (>10.8%/95 mmol/mol) were at particularly high risk. There is the need to develop effective interventions to reduce this risk.
Effect of vasodilators on hepatic microcirculation: A study of the inhibition of norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction in the isolated perfused rat liver
Authors: Philippe Marteau, François Ballet, Yves Chrétien, Colette Rey, Patrice Jaillon, Raoul Poupon
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

We studied the effects of a series of 16 vasodilators on the intrahepatic vasoconstriction induced by norepinephrine in the isolated perfused rat liver. The vasodilators were nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonists (phentolamine, ifenprofil, isoxsuprine and buflomedil), a nonselective beta-adrenergic antagonist (propranolol) and an agonist (isoproterenol), an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist (clonidine), calcium channel blockers (verapamil and diltiazem), nitrovasodilators (nitroglycerin, sodium nitroprusside), papaverine and other unclassified vasodilators, some of them with rheological properties (diazoxide, vincamine, cinepazide, naftidofuryl and pentoxifylline). The most potent drugs were ifenprofil, phentolamine, isoxsuprine, clonidine, sodium nitroprusside and buflomedil. Diazoxide, papaverine, pentoxifylline and trinitrine were less powerful. Verapamil, diltiazem, propranolol, isoproterenol, vincamine, cinepazide and naftidofuryl were ineffective. We conclude that different classes of pharmacological agents have significant vasodilatory properties on the hepatic microvasculature. This offers interesting perspectives in the treatment of cirrhosis and stressful states where high levels of circulating norepinephrine may contribute to the altered liver perfusion.
Acute Dermatitis produced by Satin-wood Irritation
Authors: H. E. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1904)

JU 25, 9 respects.For the first fortnight the mother's breast was the sole .nourishment.About ttdis time, according to the mother he began to womit, and thereafter he steadily lost ground.The vomitings were small in quantity and occurred shortly after the nursings.Thinking that the breast was not agreeing with him, it was abandoned, and a
Benefit of anti-HER2-coated paclitaxel-loaded immuno-nanoparticles in the treatment of disseminated ovarian cancer: Therapeutic efficacy and biodistribution in mice
Authors: A. Cirstoiu-Hapca, F. Buchegger, N. Lange, L. Bossy, R. Gurny, F. Delie
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2010)
AIDS on the death certificate: the final stigma.
Authors: M. B. King
Journal: BMJ (1989)

should be more aware of a dancer's limitations and of dancers' needs to rest as soon as injuries occur; and dancers need immediate access to adequate treatment.The profession of dance is believed to be fairly conservative in responding to recommended changes.The current climate within the profession, however, is ripe for initiating discussions about preventing injuries to dancers, given the awareness of dancers of the high rates of injury and the increasing interest in the potential of sports and dance medicine.
Combined treatment with silibinin and either sorafenib or gefitinib enhances their growth-inhibiting effects in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Ha Ra Gu, Su Cheol Park, Su Jin Choi, Jae Cheol Lee, You Cheoul Kim, Chul Ju Han, Jin Kim, Ki Young Yang, Yeon Joo Kim, Geum Youb Noh, So Hyeon No, Jae-Hoon Jeong
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2015)

Background/Aims Silibinin, the main component of silymarin, is used as a hepatoprotectant and exhibits anticancer effects against various cancer cells. This study evaluated the effects of a combination of silibinin with either gefitinib or sorafenib on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Methods Several different human HCC cell lines were used to test the growth-inhibiting effects and cell toxicity of silibinin both alone and in combination with either gefitinib or sorafenib. The cell viability and growth inhibition were assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, trypan blue staining, and a colony-forming assay. Furthermore, changes in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-related signals were evaluated by Western blot analysis. Results Gefitinib, sorafenib, and silibinin individually exhibited dose-dependent antiproliferative effects on HCC cells. Combined treatment with silibinin enhanced the gefitinib-induced growth-inhibiting effects in some HCC cell lines. The combination effect of gefitinib and silibinin was synergistic in the SNU761 cell line, but was only additive in the Huh-BAT cell line. The combination effect may be attributable to inhibition of EGFR-dependent Akt signaling. Enhanced growth-inhibiting effects were also observed in HCC cells treated with a combination of sorafenib and silibinin. Conclusions Combined treatment with silibinin enhanced the growth-inhibiting effects of both gefitinib and sorafenib. Therefore, the combination of silibinin with either sorafenib or gefitinib could be a useful treatment approach for HCC in the future. Keywords: Silibinin; Gefitinib; Sorafenib; Hepatocellular carcinoma
Statin-Associated Myopathy with Normal Creatine Kinase Levels
Authors: Josh Torgovnick, Edward Arsura
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Letters17 June 2003Statin-Associated Myopathy with Normal Creatine Kinase LevelsJosh Torgovnick, MD and Edward Arsura, MDJosh Torgovnick, MDSt. Vincent's Hospital and Medical Center; New York, NY 10011 (Torgovnick)Salem Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Salem, VA 24153 (Arsura) and Edward Arsura, MDSt. Vincent's Hospital and Medical Center; New York, NY 10011 (Torgovnick)Salem Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Salem, VA 24153 (Arsura)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-138-12-200306170-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We read with interest the article by Phillips and colleagues (1) and the accompanying editorial (2). One of us (Dr. Torgovnick) developed low-grade myopathy while receiving statin therapy. Atorvastatin, 5 mg (0.5 tablet), was started in September 1999. Nonspecific aches and pains were noticed, but no clear weakness was evident and Dr. Torgovnick continued regular exercise. On several occasions, a burning sensation beyond what was anticipated developed in the muscles after exercise. Low-grade myopathy was considered in June 2000, and creatine kinase level was checked. The result, 3.14 kat/L, was normal (reference range, 0 to 3.34 kat/L), ...References1. Phillips PS, Haas RH, Bannykh S, Hathaway S, Gray NL, Kimura BJ, . Statin-associated myopathy with normal creatine kinase levels. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:581-5. [PMID: 12353945] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Grundy SM. Can statins cause chronic low-grade myopathy? [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:617-8. [PMID: 12353951] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Josh Torgovnick, MD; Edward Arsura, MDAffiliations: St. Vincent's Hospital and Medical Center; New York, NY 10011 (Torgovnick)Salem Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Salem, VA 24153 (Arsura) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoStatin-Associated Myopathy with Normal Creatine Kinase Levels Paul S. Phillips , Richard H. Haas , Sergei Bannykh , Stephanie Hathaway , Nancy L. Gray , Bruce J. Kimura , Georgirene D. Vladutiu , and John D.F. England , and the Scripps Mercy Clinical Research Center*Can Statins Cause Chronic Low-Grade Myopathy? Scott M. Grundy Statin-Associated Myopathy with Normal Creatine Kinase Levels Emil Toma and Maude Loignon Statin-Associated Myopathy with Normal Creatine Kinase Levels Louis Evan Teichholz Statin-Associated Myopathy with Normal Creatine Kinase Levels Paul S. Phillips and Richard H. Haas Statin-Associated Myopathy with Normal Creatine Kinase Levels Mark H. Hyman Metrics Cited byAtorvastatin/pravastatin 17 June 2003Volume 138, Issue 12Page: 1007KeywordsCreatine kinaseExerciseHypercholesterolemiaMusclesPainStatins ePublished: 17 June 2003 Issue Published: 17 June 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Bacillus Species Infection in Patients With Hematologic Neoplasia
Authors: James E. Pennington
Journal: JAMA (1976)

THE USE of intensive chemotherapy for patients with hematologic neoplasia has produced a rapidly growing population of immunosuppressed patients at high risk for opportunistic infections. Until recently, only one case of infection with the aerobic, Gram-positive, spore-forming rods of the genus<i>Bacillus</i>has been reported in this group of patients.<sup>1</sup>Since 1971, however,<i>Bacillus</i>species infection has been reported in three such patients,<sup>2,3</sup>all with fatal outcome. None of these<i>Bacillus</i>species were<i>B anthracis</i>. The present report identifies two further cases of fatal<i>Bacillus</i>infection in patients with hematologic neoplasia and outlines some important clinical considerations when this organism is encountered. <h3>Report of Cases</h3><h3>Case 1.—</h3> A 56-year-old woman with leukemic reticuloendotheliosis was admitted to the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital because of a fever and cough of two days' duration. Current medications were cyclophosphamide and prednisone. On physical examination, her temperature was 38.6 C, she appeared dyspneic,
Podocyte detachment and reduced glomerular capillary endothelial fenestration promote kidney disease in type 2 diabetic nephropathy
Authors: E. Jennifer Weil, Kevin V. Lemley, Clinton C. Mason, Berne Yee, Lois I. Jones, Kristina Blouch, Tracy Lovato, Meghan Richardson, Bryan D. Myers, Robert G. Nelson
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
Value of composite reference standards in diagnostic research
Authors: C. A. Naaktgeboren, L. C. M. Bertens, M. v. Smeden, J. A. H. d. Groot, K. G. M. Moons, J. B. Reitsma
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Combining several tests is a common way to improve the final classification of disease status in diagnostic accuracy studies but is often used ambiguously. This article gives advice on proper use and reporting of composite reference standards
A conversation with Bruce Spiegelman
Authors: Ushma S. Neill
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

More than almost any other scientist in the field of obesity and metabolism research, the work of Bruce Spiegelman (Figure ​(Figure1),1), from the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, has informed potential targets for drug discovery that could burn fat and even turn fat into muscle. He was the first to suggest that inflammation underscores insulin resistance, and also the first to find the key regulator of adipogenesis, PPAR-γ. The full interview, with more stories and his tips for working with journal editors, can be seen on the JCI website at http://www.jci.org/kiosk/cgm.
First-trimester prenatal diagnostic method becoming available in U.S.
Authors: Virginia Cowart
Journal: JAMA (1983)

A procedure for prenatal detection of genetic defects that is performed during the first trimester of pregnancy and yields preliminary results within 24 hours is now being offered to pregnant women known to be at risk for such fetal defects at Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center in Chicago. The technique, called chorionic villi sampling, was developed in Europe and has been discussed at several conferences. Michael Reese is the first United States medical center to use it, although Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn, and Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia are in the process of establishing programs. Six women with at-risk pregnancies have undergone the procedure at Michael Reese, according to Eugene Pergament, MD, PhD, director of medical genetics and associate director of the Dysfunctioning Child Center. One woman elected to have an abortion because trisomy 21 was detected. In one woman, the procedure was not successful.
959 PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS (PBC): A NEW HISTOLOGICAL SCORING SYSTEM ALLOWS A STANDARDIZED AND RELIABLE EVALUATION OF LESIONS WITH KNOWN PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE
Authors: D. Wendum, P.-Y. Boëlle, P. Bedossa, E.-S. Zafrani, F. Charlotte, M.-C. Saint-Paul, S. Michalak, O. Chazouilleres, C. Corpechot
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
The single ζ globin gene rearrangement: Hematologic phenotype and its frequent occurrence in polynesian niueans
Authors: R. J. Trent, J. Yakas, J. Rutherford, K. N. P. Mickleson
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract The single ζ globin gene rearrangement (−ζ/) is an unusual mutation associated with the α globin gene cluster on chromosome 16p13.3. It has been detected regularly among West Africans (gene frequency ˜0.05) and sporadically among other populations. DMA samples from 186 Polynesian Niueans living in Auckland, New Zealand, were studied. Eighteen (gene frequency 0.05) were shown to have the −ζ/ gene rearrangement, which results from loss of the Ψζ1 gene. Hematological phenotypes in six cord blood samples and 12 affected adults were normal. The high frequency for −ζ/ in Niueans may represent another example of genetic drift and a founder effect in Polynesians or may reflect a different founding population.
Opening the Black Box: How Do Physicians Communicate about Advance Directives?
Authors: James A. Tulsky
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: The quality of communication that leads to the completion of written advance directives may influence the usefulness of these documents, but the nature of that communication remains relatively unexplored. Objective: To describe how physicians discuss advance directives with patients. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Five outpatient primary care medicine practices in Durham, North Carolina, and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Participants: 56 attending internists and 56 of their established patients. Eligible patients were at least 65 years of age or had a serious medical illness. Measurements: Two raters coded transcripts of audiotaped discussions about advance directives to document how physicians introduced the topic of advance directives, discussed scenarios and treatments, provided information, elicited patient values, and identified surrogate decision makers. Results: Conversations about advance directives averaged 5.6 minutes; physicians spoke for two thirds of this time. In 91% of cases, physicians discussed dire scenarios in which most patients would not want to be treated, and 48% asked patients about their preferences in reversible scenarios. Fifty-five percent of physicians discussed scenarios involving uncertainty, typically using vague language. Patients' values were rarely explored in detail. In 88% of cases, physicians discussed surrogate decision making and documents to aid in advance care planning. Conclusions: Although they accomplished the goal of introducing patients to advance directives, discussions infrequently dealt with patients' values and attitudes toward uncertainty. Physicians may not have addressed the topic in a way that would be of substantial use in future decision making, and these discussions did not meet the standards proposed in the literature.
Intrarenal Hemodynamic Changes After Captopril Test in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Hiromichi Taniwaki, Eiji Ishimura, Takahiko Kawagishi, Naoki Matsumoto, Masayuki Hosoi, Masanori Emoto, Tetsuo Shoji, Shigeichi Shoji, Tatsuya Nakatani, Masaaki Inaba, Yoshiki Nishizawa
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—ACE inhibitors are known to be effective in preventing the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is reported to contribute to intrarenal hemodynamic abnormality in diabetic patients. We examined whether RAS blockade by captopril induces intrarenal hemodynamic changes in normotensive patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The patients ranged in age from 40 to 65 years (20 men and 20 women). A total of 15 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals served as control subjects. Resistive index (RI) of interlobar arteries was examined by duplex Doppler sonography before and after the oral captopril (25 mg) test. RESULTS—At baseline, no significant differences in RI values or plasma renin activity (PRA) were seen between the patients and healthy subjects. In healthy subjects, the RI values after the captopril test were significantly higher than baseline values (P &amp;lt; 0.01). However, in patients with type 2 diabetes, both with normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria, RI values after the test were significantly lower than baseline values (P &amp;lt; 0.001). There were significant negative correlations between ΔRI value and HbA1c (r = −0.458, P &amp;lt; 0.005) and between ΔRI value and baseline PRA in diabetic patients (r = −0.339, P &amp;lt; 0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that HbA1c and baseline PRA significantly and independently affected the magnitude of decrease in RI values after captopril administration in diabetic patients (R2 = 0.391, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS—These results indicate that the intrarenal RAS may be activated in diabetic patients, that such activation may be affected by poor glycemic control, and that blockade of RAS activation by ACE inhibitor reduces intrarenal vascular resistance in diabetic patients. The results emphasize the beneficial effects of ACE inhibition in improving intrarenal hemodynamics in diabetic patients.
The Chemistry and Physics of Anesthesia
Authors: Leroy D. Vandam
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Twenty years have elapsed since the appearance of the first edition of this book. In the interim the practice of anesthesia has become an accepted discipline with specialists not only practicing the art and teaching it, but engaged also in investigation germane to all aspects of the field. In the same time span there has been an increase in the breadth of most other branches of medicine, which must of necessity concern the anesthesiologist in his daily work. With these developments in mind, it is apparent how much the scope of anesthesiology has expanded. There is hardly a drug in the pharmacopoeia that does not concern the anesthesiologist in one way or another, not only in the administration of anesthetics but in his multifold other activities, such as supervision of inhalational therapy, resuscitation, and treatment of pain. In addition, technical refinements in anesthesia and the increasing variety and complexity of
Detection of Orchitis and Sacroiliitis due to Brucellosis by 99mTc Polyclonal Human Immunoglobulin Scintigraphy
Authors: Ayten Kadanali, Hatice Uslu, Rezan Bayraktar, Erhan Varoglu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Here, we report 1 case of Brucella orchitis detected by 99mTc human immunoglobulin scintigraphy and confirmed by testicular ultrasound. A 29-year-old farmer was admitted to our hospital with fever, fatigue, arthralgia, and painful scrotal swelling that had appeared 12 days before admission. Clinically, right sacroiliitis was recorded through the Fabere test Unilateral sacroiliitis and orchitis were detected by 99mTc human immunoglobulin scintigraphy. Hypoechoic left testicular lesions and swelling of the concurrent epididymis were seen on a testicular ultrasound examination. Wright agglutination test and blood specimen culture for Brucella species were positive.
Alexithymia and the Temperament and Character Model of Personality
Authors: H.J. Grabe, C. Spitzer, H.J. Freyberger
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2001)

In our study we explored the associations between alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale 20, TAS-20) and the dimensions and subscales of Cloninger's theoretically based and empirically validated psychobiological model of personality to further clarify the relationship between alexithymia and personality traits.Psychiatric in- and outpatients (n = 254) were investigated with the TAS-20, the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and the Symptom Check List SCL-90-R to control for the severity of current psychopathology. Correlation and regression analyses were performed.The regression analysis identified the TCI dimensions low self-directedness (SD), low reward dependence (RD) and to a minor degree harm avoidance (HA) as independent predictors for alexithymia. At the level of subscales, interpersonal detachment (RD3), low resourcefulness (SD3), low responsibility and blaming (SD1) and shyness with strangers (HA3) were predictors for alexithymia. The degree of explained variance of the TAS-20 scores by the TCI dimensions and subscales ranged between 43 and 45% whereas the inclusion of the general severity index into the regression models accounted for an additional 5% of the variance.Alexithymia is best explained by a mixture across different dimensions and subscales within Cloninger's psychobiological model of personality. However, alexithymia is captured only partly by current concepts of personality, and additional contributing psychological and biological factors need to be identified to understand alexithymia more extensively.