tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P257 Effects of extra-fine inhaled and oral corticosteroids on alveolar nitric oxide in COPD
Authors: P. M. Short, P. A. Williamson, B. J. Lipworth
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Alveolar nitric oxide or (CA<sub>NO</sub>), has been used as a surrogate marker of distal airway inflammation, which isimportant in COPD. Coarse particle inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) have been shown not to suppress CA<sub>NO</sub>. We evaluated whether extra-fine particlesize inhaled corticosteroids (HFA-BDP) or systemic oral corticosteroids could suppress CA<sub>NO</sub> in COPD. <h3>Methods</h3> COPD patients with a smoking pack history &gt;15 years, FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC ratio &lt;0.7, FEV<sub>1</sub>&lt;80% predicted with small airways inflammation characterised by CANO &gt;2 ppb underwent a double-blind randomised controlled crossover trial with an open label systemic steroid comparator. Following a 2 wk steroid washout period, patients were randomised to 3 weeks, 100 mcg HFA-BDP twice daily and then 3 weeks 400 mcg HFA-BDP twice daily or matched placebos with subsequent crossover. All patients then received 1 week open-label, 25 mg/day prednisolone. Spirometry, bodyplethysmography, impulse oscillometry, plasma cortisol and exhaled nitric oxide were recorded. CA<sub>NO</sub> was corrected for axial diffusion. <h3>Results</h3> 16 patients completed per protocol. Compared to respective placebo there were no significant differences seen with either dose of HFA-BDP. Oral prednisolone caused a significant reduction in FE<sub>NO</sub> and J9aw<sub>NO</sub> but not CA<sub>NO</sub>. Plasma cortisol was significantly suppressed by oral prednisolone compared to all other treatments. There was no suppression seen with HFA-BDP at either dose verses placebo. <h3>Conclusions</h3> While CA<sub>NO</sub> remains a biomarker of interest in COPD, it is not suppressed by systemic or extra-fine particle ICS. Hence CA<sub>NO</sub> is unlikely to be a useful marker for monitoring response of small airway disease to therapies in COPD.
Precancerous lesions of the cervix uteri in infertile women.
Authors: N Holst, T Abyholm
Journal: BMJ (1983)

A study of 318 patients with tubal infertility and a control group of 200 unselected infertile women yielded 14 (4.4%) and 1 (0.5%), respectively, with precancerous lesions of the cervix uteri. The one patient in the control group with severe dysplasia was later shown to have tubal infertility. The overall incidence of premalignant lesions of the cervix uteri as reported to the National Cancer Registry of Norway was 0.1% for the age group and period studied. Women with tubal infertility represent a small but comparatively high risk group for the development of precancerous lesions of the cervix uteri.
HEREDITARY LEUKOKERATOSIS OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANES
Authors: K. R. HAYE, F. I. H. WHITEHEAD
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1968)

Journal Article HEREDITARY LEUKOKERATOSIS OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANES Get access K. R. HAYE, K. R. HAYE United Birmingham Hospitals (Dr. Haye) and Dental School, Birmingham (Mr. Whitehead) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. I. H. WHITEHEAD F. I. H. WHITEHEAD United Birmingham Hospitals (Dr. Haye) and Dental School, Birmingham (Mr. Whitehead) Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 80, Issue 8, 1 August 1968, Page 529, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1968.tb12343.x Published: 01 August 1968 Article history Accepted: 29 March 1968 Published: 01 August 1968
Clinical and prognostic differences in fulminant hepatitis type A, B and non-A non-B.
Authors: A E Gimson, Y S White, A L Eddleston, R Williams
Journal: Gut (1983)

In 73 patients with fulminant viral hepatitis, non-A non-B hepatitis (NANB) was most common (43.8%), with hepatitis type A (HAV) diagnosed in 31.5% and hepatitis type B (HBV) in 24.7%. The non-A non-B group had a significantly longer duration from the onset of symptoms to the appearance of encephalopathy (median 21 days) compared with the HAV and HBV groups (medians 10 and seven days, p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.005 respectively). In the HAV group the severity of liver damage, judged by the maximum prolongation of the prothrombin time, was significantly less than in the HBV group (58 and 150 seconds prolonged respectively, p less than 0.005), and cerebral oedema was significantly less frequent (39% and 72% respectively, p less than 0.05). Consistent with this, the survival rate was higher in the HAV group (43.4%) compared with the HBV group (16.6%) and NANB group (9.3%) (p less than 0.005). These variations in presentation and clinical course may be a consequence of differences in the pathogenesis of the hepatic necrosis.
Cytokine‐regulated accumulation of eosinophils in inflammatory disease
Authors: M. Lampinen, M. Carlson, L. D. Håkansson, P. Venge
Journal: Allergy (2004)

The role of cytokines in the accumulation of eosinophil granulocytes in inflamed tissue has been studied extensively during recent years, and these molecules have been found to participate throughout the whole process of eosinophil recruitment. Haematopoietic cytokines such as IL‐3, IL‐5 and GM‐CSF stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of eosinophils in the bone marrow, and the release of mature eosinophils from the bone marrow into the blood is probably promoted by IL‐5. Priming of eosinophils in the blood following, for example, allergen challenge is performed mainly by IL‐3, IL‐5 and GM‐CSF. An important step in the extravasation of eosinophils is their adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Adhesion molecules are upregulated by, e.g. IL‐1, IL‐4, TNF‐ α and IFN‐ γ and the same cytokines may also increase the affinity of adhesion molecules both on eosinophils and endothelial cells. Finally, a number of cytokines have been shown to act as eosinophil chemotactic factors, attracting the cells to the inflammatory focus in the tissue. Some of the most important eosinophil chemoattractant cytokines are IL‐5, IL‐8, RANTES, eotaxin, eotaxin‐2, eotaxin‐3, MCP‐3, MCP‐4 and TNF‐ α . Th2 cells, mast cells and epithelial cells are important sources of proinflammatory cytokines, but in recent years, the eosinophils have also been recognized as cytokine‐producing and thereby immunoregulatory cells. The aim of this paper is to review the role of cytokines in the process of eosinophil recruitment in asthma, allergy and ulcerative colitis.
RECURRENT UROLITHIASIS: ETIOLOGIC FACTORS AND CLINICAL MANAGEMENT
Authors: LINWOOD D. KEYSER
Journal: JAMA (1935)

While the etiology of urolithiasis is far from clear, an attempt may be made at correlation of data from laboratory and clinical sources with an effort to ascertain what facts may be of value in the preventive therapy of recurrence. Experimentally the production of calculi in laboratory animals may be recounted in the following ways: By the feeding of oxamide. By producing an artificial excessive excretion of calcium oxalate. By excessive doses of parathyroid extract and of viosterol. The formation of uric acid calculi in animals with Eck fistulas. By feeding diets deficient in vitamin A. By infection with urea splitting streptococci, staphylococci and B. proteus-ammoniae. By the incrustation of organic or inorganic foreign bodies in the presence of infection. The first four of these methods imply an aseptic metabolic disturbance associated with excessive excretion of urinary crystalloids. The rôle of infection in
Benefit vs Risk
Authors: Alford Coodley
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—   Primum non nocere is a classic example of res ipsa loquitur . Unfortunately, I would agree with Dr Gifford that the dictum can be misinterpreted, but is not Dr Gifford guilty of so doing? The true physician attempts to consider all factors, beneficial and detrimental, and a conclusion is reached as to which clearly outweighs the other. In discussing the patient's package insert some time ago, 1 I indicated that when one talks to a patient about the potential toxicity of a drug to be administered, there was an essential value in universalizing the potential toxicity of every drug on the market, including even something as simple as aspirin. 2 I suggested that by writing DWT (dealt with toxicity) on a prescription, the pharmacist would realize that the physician had dealt with toxicity to the level with which he felt that particular patient was capable of coping. 1
Optimizing Neuromotor Outcomes Among Very Preterm, Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants
Authors: Michael E. Msall
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract LB-500: Genomic and RNAi analyses identify diverse oncogenic interactions between breast cancer cells and stromal fibroblasts
Authors: Megha Rajaram, Scott Powers, Mikala Egeblad, Jinyu Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Although it is well established that fibroblasts in the breast cancer microenvironment can promote tumorigenicity, the scope and functional importance of all molecular interactions remains unclear. Here we've undertaken a systematic, genome-wide approach to identify and test genes that play functional roles in these interactions. We have developed an in vitro and in vivo based model system using human fibroblasts and breast cancer cell lines. Using this system, we first discovered a set of genes that are induced in fibroblasts upon co-culture with breast cancer cells and are also upregulated in the stroma of primary human breast cancer. Several of the upregulated genes encode secreted growth factors or cytokines. Using this approach, we also identified several oncogenic pathways upregulated in our model system as well as primary human breast stroma. We then used RNAi analyses and a co-injection tumorigenicity assay to functionally test these candidate genes for their roles in tumor-fibroblast interactions. We determined that the majority of our candidates play important roles in promoting breast cancer. Interestingly, these genes have significant yet diverse mechanisms through which they act. These results establish a wide range of potential targets for therapeutic inhibition of the ability of fibroblasts to promote breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-500. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-500
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase Activity is Independently Associated with Oxidative Stress Rather than SYNTAX score in Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Hakan Uçar, Mustafa Gür, Betül Özaltun, Hazar Harbalıoğlu, Caner Türkoğlu, Zafer Elbasan, Durmuş Yıldıray Şahin, Murat Çaylı
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Melioidosis Presenting as Abscess in Neck
Authors: C. R. Peck, T. Zwanenburg
Journal: BMJ (1947)

MEDICAL JOURNALor surface of brain.Cut sections of cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, and brain stem disclosed no lesions.Respiratorv system: Trachea and bronchi contained some fine frothy fluid.Left pleural cavity dry, and contained no adhesions.Right pleural cavity contained about 2 pints (1.14 1.) of strawcoloured fluid.Both lungs were crepitant, and on section re- vealed no lesions.Hilar glands appeared normal.Cardiovascular system: Both layers of the pericardium were firmly adherent.completely obliterating the pericardial cavity.Heart normal in size.Myocardium pale and flabby.Valves were competent, and exhibited no lesions.Endocardium appeared normal.Alimentary system: Oesophagus, stomach, and duodenum presented no unusual features.Numerous abscesses.varying in size, were seen in the wall of the small bowel, at intervals of approximately 6 in.(15 cm.), from almost the commencement of the jejunum to about 3 ft.(90 cm.) from the ileo-caecal junction.No lesions were observed in the colon.The spleen was approximately three times enlarged: a cut section disclosed soft, dark-red pulp.The liver was swollen and pale ; cut sections revealed no disturbance of the lobular pattern.The gall-bladder contained about 2 oz.(57 ml.) of clear bile.Nothing abnormal was seen externally and in cut sections of the pancreas.Urinary system: Both kidneys were enlarged and contained numerous small abscesses, particularly in the cortices.A number of these abscesses had coalesced to form a honeycomb appearance.The suprarenals appeared normal on external examination and in cut sections.Cultures on blood agar were made from heart blood, from the spleen, and from the abscesses in the bowel and kidneys.The same organism was isolated in each case.
Inhibition of the Ras-Net (Elk-3) Pathway by a Novel Pyrazole that Affects Microtubules
Authors: Christine Wasylyk, Hong Zheng, Christelle Castell, Laurent Debussche, Marie-Christine Multon, Bohdan Wasylyk
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Net (Elk-3/SAP-2/Erp) is a transcription factor that is phosphorylated and activated by the Ras–extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) signaling pathway and is involved in wound healing, angiogenesis, and tumor growth. In a cell-based screen for small molecule inhibitors of Ras activation of Net transcriptional activity, we identified a novel pyrazole, XRP44X. XRP44X inhibits fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2)–induced Net phosphorylation by the Ras-Erk signaling upstream from Ras. It also binds to the colchicine-binding site of tubulin, depolymerizes microtubules, stimulates cell membrane blebbing, and affects the morphology of the actin skeleton. Interestingly, Combretastin-A4, which produces similar effects on the cytoskeleton, also inhibits FGF-2 Ras-Net signaling. This differs from other classes of agents that target microtubules, which have either little effect (vincristine) or no effect (docetaxel and nocodazole) on the Ras-Net pathway. XRP44X inhibits various cellular properties, including cell growth, cell cycle progression, and aortal sprouting, similar to other molecules that bind to the tubulin colchicine site. XRP44X has the potentially interesting property of connecting two important pathways involved in cell transformation and may thereby represent an interesting class of molecules that could be developed for cancer treatment. [Cancer Res 2008;68(5):1275–83]
Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Bruce D. Cheson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

To assess the current status of high-dose chemotherapy with autologous marrow transplantation in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors.Studies reported between 1978 and May 1988 were identified through computer searches using Medline and Cancerline and through extensive manual searching of bibliographies of identified books and articles.More than 160 studies that contained adequate response, toxicity, or survival data were selected for analysis, including peer-reviewed articles, book chapters, and proceedings of meetings. The most current or complete references were used for series reported more than once.Information abstracted included regimen used, number of patients, response rates, disease-free and overall survival, and toxicities. A meta-analysis of the pooled data was done.For many tumor types, autologous marrow transplantation offers higher response rates than standard approaches. For leukemias and lymphomas, response rates of 60% to 80% may be achieved with the potential for cure. With solid tumors, response rates range from 30% in gliomas, 50% in melanomas and colon cancer, more than 60% in lung cancer, and 80% in breast cancer. Although responses tend to be short-lived, long-term survival can occasionally be seen.Results with autologous marrow transplantation can be improved through systematically developed, carefully designed clinical trials that may be facilitated by collaborative research. Studies should focus on disease-directed drug combinations, several courses of high-dose therapy, treatment at a time of lower tumor burden, and reducing toxicity with hematopoietic growth factors.
Amniotic Fluid Infection and Cerebral Palsy
Authors: David A. Eschenbach
Journal: JAMA (1997)

There are no new truths, but only truths that have not been recognized by those who have perceived them without noticing.  Mary McCarthy, On the Contrary   Amniotic fluid infection was for a long time represented primarily as an infection in the mother. The truth, which was not recognized until recently, is that amniotic fluid infection may be primarily an infection of the fetus. Historically, we assumed that a fever or other clinical signs of infection in the pregnant mother indicated that she was infected. It is becoming increasingly clear that the fetus becomes infected and develops an inflammatory response, possibly before the mother. Further, infection of amniotic fluid usually involves the fetus itself; this is not simply infection of only amniotic fluid or the fetal chorioamnion portion of placental membranes.  See also p 207.  What recent evidence supports the idea that amniotic fluid infection is primarily fetal? Polymorphonuclear leukocytes in
Abstract 5247: Analysis of stemness gene expression and CD133 abnormal methylation in neuroblastoma cell lines
Authors: Paula Schiapparelli, Monica Enguita, Jana Balbuena, Xing Fan, Paula Lazcoz, Javier S. Castresana
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood. Cellular heterogeneity is a hallmark of this embryonal malignancy, as distinct neural crest lineages can be found within the same tumor sample. The aim of our study was to investigate the presence of a subpopulation of immature cells with features of cancer-like stem cells in 12 neuroblastoma cell lines. RT-PCR and flow citometry were performed in order to analyze different kinds of “stemness genes” such as: NESTIN (NES), CD133, SOX-2, BMI1, c-KIT, MELK1, MUSASHI-1 (MSI1), FAS, CD44 and VIMENTIN (VIM). Also, glial and neuronal markers like NCAM1, GFAP and B-TUBULIN III (TUBB3) were analyzed. Interestingly, we found that neuroblastoma cell lines showed a particular pattern of expression suggesting the presence of a subpopulation of immature stem like cancer cells. Epigenetic changes regarding the CD133 (Prominin-1) promoter gene were also analyzed. This protein has been extensively used to enrich putative cancer propagating stem-like cell populations of different kinds of solid tumors. We found unusual DNA methylation, as 7 of the 12 neuroblastoma cell lines analysed featured a half-methylated state. An increase of RNA and protein levels of CD133 was achieved following demethylation assays using 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine. Because cancer stem cells are believed responsible for tumor metastasis, escape from anticancer therapies and disease relapse, their therapeutic targeting and analysis is crucial in neuroblastoma. Also, the regulation of CD133 by epigenetic changes may provide an innovative mechanism of CD133 expression as its regulation still remains unclear. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5247.
Gastric emptying measurement of liquid nutrients using the 13C-octanoate breath test in critically ill patients: a comparison with scintigraphy
Authors: Nam Q. Nguyen, Laura K. Bryant, Carly M. Burgstad, Marianne Chapman, Adam Deane, Max Bellon, Kylie Lange, Dylan Bartholomeuz, Michael Horowitz, Richard H. Holloway, Robert J. Fraser
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)
ABT-199 mediated inhibition of BCL-2 as a novel therapeutic strategy in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Sofie Peirs, Filip Matthijssens, Steven Goossens, Inge Van de Walle, Katia Ruggero, Charles E. de Bock, Sandrine Degryse, Kirsten Canté-Barrett, Delphine Briot, Emmanuelle Clappier, Tim Lammens, Barbara De Moerloose, Yves Benoit, Bruce Poppe, Jules P. Meijerink, Jan Cools, Jean Soulier, Terence H. Rabbitts, Tom Taghon, Frank Speleman, Pieter Van Vlierberghe
Journal: Blood (2014)
Molecular basis of autosomal dominant neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus. Cellular toxicity caused by the accumulation of mutant vasopressin precursors within the endoplasmic reticulum.
Authors: M Ito, J L Jameson, M Ito
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Mutations in the arginine vasopressin (AVP) gene cause autosomal dominant familial neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus (FNDI). The dominant inheritance pattern has been postulated to reflect neuronal toxicity of the mutant proteins, but the mechanism for such cytotoxicity is unknown. In this study, wild-type or several different mutant AVP genes were stably expressed in neuro2A neuroblastoma cells. When cells were treated with valproic acid to induce neuronal differentiation, each of the mutants caused reduced viability. Metabolic labeling revealed diminished intracellular trafficking of mutant AVP precursors and confirmed inefficient secretion of immunoreactive AVP. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated marked accumulation of mutant AVP precursors within the endoplasmic reticulum. These studies suggest that the cellular toxicity in FNDI may be caused by the intracellular accumulation of mutant precursor proteins.
Methylene Blue as a Successful Treatment Alternative for Pharmacologically Induced Priapism
Authors: F.J. Mart&iacute;nez Portillo, F.J. Mart&iacute;nez Portillo, J. Hoang-Boehm, J. Hoang-Boehm, J. Weiss, J. Weiss, P. Alken, P. Alken, K.P. J&uuml;nemann, K.P. J&uuml;nemann
Journal: European Urology (2001)