tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Marital Status on Stage, Treatment, and Survival of Cancer Patients
Authors: James S. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The effects of marital status on the diagnosis, treatment, and survival of patients with cancer were examined in population-based data on 27,779 cancer cases. Unmarried persons with cancer had decreased overall survival (relative hazard, 1.23; 95% confidence limits, 1.19 to 1.28). We identified three complementary explanations for the poorer survival of the unmarried persons. First, unmarried persons were more likely to be diagnosed at a regional or distant stage (odds ratio, 1.19; 95% confidence limits, 1.12 to 1.25). After adjustment for stage, unmarried persons were more likely to be untreated for cancer (odds ratio, 1.43; 95% confidence limits, 1.31 to 1.55). Finally, after adjustment for stage and treatment, unmarried persons still had poorer survival. Previous studies have demonstrated that unmarried persons have decreased overall mortality. For cancer, our results suggest that the favorable consequence of being married on overall survival is secondary to the beneficial effects at several steps in the diagnosis, choice of treatment, and response to treatment.
Cats and Cancer
Authors: Jay A. Levy
Journal: JAMA (1974)

LONG before Tom Sawyer warned, "I play with frogs so much that I've always got considerable many warts," man has been attentive to the possibility that exposure to certain animals may result in neoplastic growth. Since animals in a household are exposed to the same carcinogenic agents as their owners, it has been surmised that the occasional reports of cancer occurring in pets and their masters are not coincidental. Moreover, the clusters of cancer cases occurring in various parts of the world have sensitized us to the idea that an "infectious" agent could be the cause of certain human cancers. Recent data showing that a virus that causes lymphoma and leukemia in cats can spread horizontally to adult cats, have now raised the important question of whether these infectious cat agents pose a threat to man. The concern about cat leukemia/ lymphoma stems primarily from the following facts: (1) the
Long-Term Follow-Up Study of Gastric Adenoma/Dysplasia
Authors: H. Yamada, M. Ikegami, T. Shimoda, N. Takagi, M. Maruyama
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

The natural course of gastric adenoma/dysplasia, regarded as a precancerous lesion, is still uncertain.From 1976 to 2000, 48 lesions in 43 patients (37 men, six women; mean age 59 years) were diagnosed as having gastric adenoma/dysplasia based on their first biopsies. These lesions were followed for a median of 4.7 years (mean 6 years, range 3-18 years) to evaluate the risk of progression to invasive carcinoma. Retrospectively, histological diagnoses of the biopsy and resected specimens were reclassified according to the Vienna classification of gastrointestinal epithelial neoplasia, and macroscopic changes were evaluated.The diagnosis at first biopsy of the 48 lesions was low-grade adenoma/dysplasia (LGD; category 3) in 38 cases and high-grade adenoma/dysplasia (HGD; category 4) in 10 cases. Ninety-seven percent of the LGD (category 3) lesions (37 of 38) showed no histological changes during the follow-up period; the remaining lesion progressed to noninvasive carcinoma (category 4). Macroscopically, 84 % (32 of 38) of the LGD lesions (category 3) showed no remarkable changes in size, while 11 % (four of 38) shrank and 5 % (two of 38) grew larger. Nine of the 10 HGD lesions (category 4) remained histologically unchanged, while the other progressed to intramucosal carcinoma (category 5). Macroscopically, four of the 10 HGD lesions (category 4) (40 %) showed no remarkable changes in size, while the remaining six (60 %) grew larger.LGD lesions (category 3) have a quite low risk of progressing to HGD or noninvasive carcinoma (category 4), and were never observed to progress to invasive carcinoma (category 5). HGD lesions (category 4) occasionally progressed to intramucosal carcinoma (category 5), with no instance of invasion into the submucosa or beyond.
Retinoic acid suppresses parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion and PreproPTH mRNA levels in bovine parathyroid cell culture.
Authors: P N MacDonald, C Ritter, A J Brown, E Slatopolsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3[1,25(OH)2D3] suppresses parathyroid hormone (PTH) gene transcription. Recent evidence suggests that retinoid X receptors are involved in 1,25(OH)2D3-mediated transcriptional events. However, little data exists for a role of retinoids in parathyroid function or in PTH expression. In the present study, we observed that all-trans- or 9-cis retinoic acid suppressed the release of PTH from bovine parathyroid cell cultures. Both retinoids were remarkably potent with significant decreases evident at 10(-10) M and a maximally suppressive effect (approximately 65%) at 10(-7) M. All-trans-retinol was considerably less potent in this system. The effect was not evident until 12 h, suggesting that retinoids did not affect the rapid secretion of preexisting PTH stores. PreproPTH mRNA levels were also suppressed by retinoic acid and the retinoid potencies were similar to those observed in the secretion studies. Combined treatment with 10(-6) M retinoic acid and 10(-8) M 1,25(OH)2D3 more effectively decreased PTH secretion and preproPTH mRNA than did either compound alone. These data indicate that retinoic acid: (a) elicits a bioresponse in bovine parathyroid cells; (b) attenuates PTH expression at the protein and mRNA levels, and (c) acts independently of 1,25(OH)2D3 in the control of PTH expression.
Body Size and Vertebral Fractures
Authors: Robert D. Blank
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters1 May 2001Body Size and Vertebral FracturesRobert D. Blank, MD, PhDRobert D. Blank, MD, PhDUniversity of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792 (Blank)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-134-9_Part_1-200105010-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Margolis and colleagues (1) report that the contribution of body size to clinical fracture risk at the hip, pelvis, and ribs is reflected in dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)–measured bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip. Their investigation of the relationship between body size and fracture risk in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures revealed that if hip BMD has been measured, body size measurement provides no additional predictive power. These conclusions are valid only for DXA-determined BMD.Standard DXA provides an areal BMD (aBMD), a ratio of bone mineral content to the projected area of the region of ...References1. Margolis KL, Ensrud KE, Schreiner PJ, Tabor HK. Body size and risk for clinical fractures in older women. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:123-7. [PMID: 0010896638] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Jergas M, Breitenseher M, Gluer CC, Yu W, Genant HK. Estimates of volumetric bone density from projectional measurements improve the discriminatory capability of dual X-ray absorptiometry. J Bone Miner Res. 1995;10:1101-10. [PMID: 0007484286] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Duan Y, Parfitt AM, Seeman E. Vertebral bone mass, size, and volumetric density in women with spinal fractures. J Bone Miner Res. 1999;14:1796-802. [PMID: 0010491228] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792 (Blank) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoBody Size and Risk for Clinical Fractures in Older Women Karen L. Margolis , Kristine E. Ensrud , Pamela J. Schreiner , Holly K. Tabor , and Body Size and Vertebral Fractures Karen L. Margolis and Kristine E. Ensrud Body Size and Vertebral Fractures Karen L. Margolis and Kristine E. Ensrud Metrics Cited ByThe Effect of Insulin Antibodies on the Metabolic Action of Inhaled and Subcutaneous Insulin: A prospective randomized pharmacodynamic study 1 May 2001Volume 134, Issue 9_Part_1Page: 795-796KeywordsBoneBone densityBone mineral densityDual energy x ray absorptiometryHipPelvisPhoton absorptiometryRibsRisk managementUltrasound imaging ePublished: 1 May 2001 Issue Published: 1 May 2001 CopyrightCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Meaningful Use of Information Technology: A Local Perspective
Authors: Anwar A. Hussain
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

To reduce costs of care and improve quality, the federal government is stimulating adoption of health information technology through meaningful use policy. The legislation, however, is built on several assumptions that are unrealistic from a provider's perspective-the group that is expected to purchase, use, and sustain the information technology infrastructure. A viable meaningful use policy may do better to account for the realities of patient care by using a bottom-up approach for adoption rather than the current top-down strategy.
Assessment of carcinogenic hazard of chemical mixtures through analysis of binary chemical interaction data.
Authors: Y T Woo, F J Di Carlo, J C Arcos, M F Argus, G Polansky, J DuBose
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Assessment of the potential health hazard of environmental complex chemical mixtures is one of the most difficult and challenging problems in toxicology. In this article, we describe the development of an innovative computerized system for ranking and predicting potential cancer hazard of chemical mixtures. We take into consideration both the additive risk of individual carcinogens present and the projected overall interaction effect of the mixture based on analyzing and integrating the possible interaction effects of all binary pairs of individual constituents of the mixture. Using this system, it can be predicted that a number of mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons should have a carcinogenic risk lower than that calculated by the simple additivity model, whereas the reverse is true for a number of other mixtures. The system can be very useful in hazard ranking and priority setting in dealing with mixture problems such as cleanup of hazardous waste.
Muscular Sarcoidosis
Authors: HYUNG-SUN SOHN, EUY-NEYNG KIM, JUNG MEE PARK, M. D, YONG AN CHUNG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2001)

Ga-67 scintigraphy is helpful in the assessment of active extrapulmonary sarcoidosis. Muscular involvement of sarcoidosis is often asymptomatic or nonspecific, and laboratory examinations do not provide convincing evidence of muscular involvement. The authors report a case of muscular sarcoidosis detected by Ga-67 scintigraphy. In a patient who had fever and arthralgia of both knee joints, Ga-67 scintigraphy showed mediastinal and hilar involvement of sarcoidosis with unexpected extensive muscular uptake. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed in detail intramuscular infiltration of sarcoid granuloma. Ga-67 scintigraphy is useful in detecting inflammatory muscular involvement of sarcoidosis and other multiorgan involvement.
TYPHOID FEVER WITH PERFORATION OF THE BOWEL AND RECOVERY.
Authors: T. K. HOLMES
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Miss S., aged 30, of good family and personal history, was attacked with typhoid lever Oct. 6, 1900, and the disease pursued a mild and favorable course until October 20, when she was seized with agonizing pain in the abdomen accompanied by severe shock. I saw her half an hour later and found her temperature 96, pulse 150, skin cold and wet and altogether presenting the symptoms of perforation. The nurse had given a hypodermic injection of morphin ¼ grain, and strychnin 1/20 grain. Dr. J. H. Duncan saw the patient with me and we deemed it inexpedient to operate on account of her desperate condition. The strychnin and morphin were repeated at varying intervals to control the pain and sustain the heart, and normal salt solution was transfused beneath the skin every 12 hours, a quart being used each time. Tympanitis, which had been absent, soon became excessive,
Use of a One-man, Mobile Pressure Chamber in the Treatment of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Authors: J. N. Norman, J. MacIntyre, J. R. Shearer, G. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1970)

For the past five years a mobile pressure chamber has been used to treat patients suffering from severe carbon monoxide poisoning with oxygen at 2 atmospheres pressure. Of the 25 patients treated, 20 recovered completely and only three died. This apparatus could also be used for hyperbaric oxygen therapy in other conditions for which it is indicated.
Comment on: Davidson et al. High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation in People With Prediabetes and Hypovitaminosis D. Diabetes Care 2013;36:260–266
Authors: Stefan Pilz, Femke Rutters, Jacqueline M. Dekker
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

We have read with interest the work by Davidson et al. (1) reporting in this journal that in a non-Caucasian population with impaired fasting glycemia or impaired glucose tolerance and low vitamin D levels, vitamin D supplementation had no effect on estimates of insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, or incident diabetes.

Our research group started a similar study (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01183442) in Caucasians with postchallenge hyperglycemia (i.e., 2-h glucose ≥140 mg/dL), vitamin D deficiency, and coronary artery disease. As in the study by Davidson et al. (1) we had to prescreen a high number of patients ( n = 1,814). Five …
Autoantibodies in biological agent naive patients with psoriatic arthritis
Authors: S R Johnson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

Anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNFalpha) treatment may be associated with the production of autoantibodies, including lupus-specific autoantibodies.To investigate the prevalence of autoantibodies in biological agent naive patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA).94 consecutive, prospectively collected, biological agent naive patients with PsA at the University of Toronto PsA clinic underwent clinical and laboratory assessment. Disease activity was assessed by the number of actively inflamed joints, and the Psoriasis Activity and Severity Index (PASI) score. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA), rheumatoid factor (RF), double stranded DNA (dsDNA), Ro, La, Smith, and RNP were tested. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests were used to analyse the data.44/94 (47%) patients with PsA were ANA positive (>/=1/40); 13/94 (14%) had a clinically significant titre of >/=1/80. Three per cent had dsDNA antibodies, 2% had RF and anti-Ro antibodies, 1% had anti-RNP antibodies, and none had anti-La or anti-Smith antibodies.The background prevalence of ANA >/=1/80 in patients with PsA was 14%, with very few patients having specific lupus antibodies. This should serve as a baseline figure for the frequency of autoantibodies in biological agent naive patients with PsA for studies of the use of anti-TNFalpha agents.
A metabolic prosurvival role for PML in breast cancer
Authors: Arkaitz Carracedo, Dror Weiss, Amy K. Leliaert, Manoj Bhasin, Vincent C.J. de Boer, Gaelle Laurent, Andrew C. Adams, Maria Sundvall, Su Jung Song, Keisuke Ito, Lydia S. Finley, Ainara Egia, Towia Libermann, Zachary Gerhart-Hines, Pere Puigserver, Marcia C. Haigis, Elefteria Maratos-Flier, Andrea L. Richardson, Zachary T. Schafer, Pier P. Pandolfi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Cancer cells exhibit an aberrant metabolism that facilitates more efficient production of biomass and hence tumor growth and progression. However, the genetic cues modulating this metabolic switch remain largely undetermined. We identified a metabolic function for the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) gene, uncovering an unexpected role for this bona fide tumor suppressor in breast cancer cell survival. We found that PML acted as both a negative regulator of PPARγ coactivator 1A (PGC1A) acetylation and a potent activator of PPAR signaling and fatty acid oxidation. We further showed that PML promoted ATP production and inhibited anoikis. Importantly, PML expression allowed luminal filling in 3D basement membrane breast culture models, an effect that was reverted by the pharmacological inhibition of fatty acid oxidation. Additionally, immunohistochemical analysis of breast cancer biopsies revealed that PML was overexpressed in a subset of breast cancers and enriched in triple-negative cases. Indeed, PML expression in breast cancer correlated strikingly with reduced time to recurrence, a gene signature of poor prognosis, and activated PPAR signaling. These findings have important therapeutic implications, as PML and its key role in fatty acid oxidation metabolism are amenable to pharmacological suppression, a potential future mode of cancer prevention and treatment.
A DEFECT IN THE METABOLISM OF TYROSINE AND PHENYLALANINE IN PREMATURE INFANTS. III. DEMONSTRATION OF THE IRREVERSIBLE CONVERSION OF PHENYLALANINE TO TYROSINE IN THE HUMAN ORGANISM
Authors: S. Z. Levine, Margaret Dann, Eleanor Marples
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1943)

In preceding papers (1, 2), it was shown that premature infants fed vitamin C-free cow's milk mixtures, high in protein (5 grams or more per kgm.per day), exhibit a spontaneous defect in their metabolism of tyrosine and phenylalanine, manifested by the urinary excretion of 1-p-hy- droxyphenyllactic and p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acids.The defect was accentuated by feeding these subjects either amino acid in pure form.Full-term infants fed similar diets did not show the defect spontaneously but it could be induced in them by the ingestion of a single dose (1.0 gram per kgm.) of either amino acid.It was further shown that the administration of 1- ascorbic acid in adequate dosage abolished the spontaneous and artificially induced defect in both premature and full-term infants.The presence of this metabolic aberration prompted a more detailed study of the response of infants to repeated oral doses of tyrosine and phenylalanine, with and without dietary vitamin C. In this study, the assays for urinary aromatic organic acids were supplemented by urinary as- says for the amino acids themselves.These modified procedures threw further light on the pathways of intermediary aromatic amino acid metabolism and provided evidence of the ir- reversible conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine by the living, normal human organism.
The Use of the I <sup>131</sup> -Hippuran Renogram in the Detection of Disparate Kidney Function in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: RICHARD P. WEDEEN, EDWARD LITTMAN, MARVIN F. LEVITT, MARVIN H. GOLDSTEIN
Journal: Circulation (1965)

The reliability of the radioisotope renogram in detecting functional disparity in the separate kidneys of hypertensive patients with unilateral renal disease was investigated. Renograms recorded in 33 hypertensive patients without unilateral renal disease were employed for establishing control criteria. The physiologic basis for the three types of positive renograms found in the presence of unilateral renal dysfunction has been discussed. The renogram appears to be a valuable method for demonstrating significant disparity in separate kidney function while avoiding the hazards and technical difficulties of bilateral ureteral catheterization.
Oxygen desaturation during sleep in hepatopulmonary syndrome
Authors: David T. Palma, George M. Philips, Miguel R. Arguedas, Susan M. Harding, Michael B. Fallon
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Sleep alters respiratory mechanics and gas exchange, which can adversely affect arterial oxygenation. Whether sleep affects oxygenation in hepatopulmonary syndrome is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess oxygen desaturation during sleep in hepatopulmonary syndrome. Twenty adults with cirrhosis including 10 controls and 10 patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome underwent home pulse-oximetry during sleep. Subjects at high risk for obstructive sleep apnea were excluded through the Berlin questionnaire. Subjects who spent more than 10% of total sleep time with arterial oxygen saturation < 90% were classified as sleep-time oxygen desaturators. Sleep-time desaturation was correlated with clinical variables. The results showed that 7 of 10 hepatopulmonary syndrome subjects and none of the 10 controls had sleep-time oxygen desaturation. The median percentage of total sleep time with arterial oxygen saturation < 90% was significantly higher in hepatopulmonary syndrome subjects than in controls (medians 25% versus 0%, P = 0.005). Hepatopulmonary syndrome subjects had significantly lower wake-time arterial oxygen saturation level (median, 97% versus 95%; P = 0.003) and mean sleep-time arterial oxygen saturation level (median, 96% versus 91%; P = 0.0008) than did the controls. Sleep-time desaturation directly correlated with alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (P = 0.0007) and inversely correlated with wake-time arterial oxygen tension (P = 0.0007) and oxygen saturation (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Oxygen desaturation occurred during sleep in 70% of hepatopulmonary syndrome subjects, the degree of which correlated with the severity of hepatopulmonary syndrome. Marked hypoxemia during sleep may occur in hepatopulmonary syndrome patients who, according to wake-time oxygen values, have only mild to moderate hypoxemia. (HEPATOLOGY 2008.)
New coroners' system to be set up in England and Wales
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Plans for the most far reaching reforms to the system of coroners' courts in England and Wales for more than 80 years were unveiled by the government this week.

A new national service of full time, legally qualified coroners will be set up under a chief coroner, replacing the current archaic and fragmented system, which dates back to the 12th century. Doctors will no longer be able to serve as coroners, unless they have also qualified as solicitors or barristers.

A national training system for coroners and an inspectorate to audit their work …
Antigen receptor stereotypy across B-cell lymphoproliferations: the case of IGHV4-59/IGKV3-20 receptors with rheumatoid factor activity
Authors: E Kostareli, M Gounari, A Janus, F Murray, X Brochet, V Giudicelli, S Pospisilova, D Oscier, L Foroni, P F di Celle, B Tichy, L B Pedersen, J Jurlander, M Ponzoni, A Kouvatsi, A Anagnostopoulos, K Thompson, N Darzentas, M-P Lefranc, C Belessi, R Rosenquist, F Davi, P Ghia, K Stamatopoulos
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
INTRAMYOCARDIAL INJECTION OF BONE MARROW DERIVED, EX VIVO EXPANDED, MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS IS SAFE AND IMPROVES MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION AT 3 YEARS FOLLOW UP
Authors: Sander Rodrigo, Jan van Ramshorst, S. Beeres, Imad Al Younis, Petra Dibbets-Schneider, Willem Fibbe, Jaap Jan Zwaginga, Ernst van der Wall, Martin Schalij, Jeroen Bax, Douwe Atsma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
A reference data base for multilead electrocardiographic computer measurement programs
Authors: Jos L. Willems, Pierre Arnaud, Jan H. Van Bemmel, Peter J. Bourdillon, Rosanna Degani, Bernard Denis, Ian Graham, Frits M.A. Harms, Peter W. Macfarlane, Gianfranco Mazzocca, Jürgen Meyer, Christoph Zywietz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1987)