tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cytoplasmic immunoglobulin content in multiple myeloma.
Authors: B Barlogie, R Alexanian, M Pershouse, L Smallwood, L Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Bone marrow cells of 82 patients with multiple myeloma were subjected to flow cytometric analysis of DNA and cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (CIg) content using propidium iodide and direct immunofluorescence assays. Except for two patients with nonsecretory myeloma, there was conformity in the immunoglobulin type derived from immunoelectrophoresis and plasma cell CIg staining. One patient with nonsecretory myeloma exhibited monotypic CIg staining, while the second showed no reaction. In eight patients with IgG lambda myeloma, the same tumor cells contained both lambda and kappa light chains, suggesting the productive rearrangement of both light chain genes. 14 patients with previously unrecognized plasma cells of low RNA content, all of whom were resistant to chemotherapy, were identified by CIg staining. By revealing previously unrecognized plasma cells with low RNA content, CIg analysis identified more patients with treatment-refractory myeloma.
A Comparison of Alexithymia in American and Japanese Dialysis Patients
Authors: Isao Fukunishi, Patricia Norris, Steven Fahrion, Cathy Baer, Robert Porter
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1992)

A comparison of alexithymia in American and Japanese dialysis patients was performed using the Beth Israel Hospital Questionnaire (BIQ) and the MMPI Alexithymia Scale (MMPI-AS) including structured interviews. No significant differences between the USA and Japan were observed in all dialysis patients with both BIQ and MMPI-AS. However, the alexithymia score in US hemodialysis (HD) patients was significantly lower than that in Japanese HD patients, whereas the alexithymia score in American continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients was significantly higher than that in Japanese CAPD patients. These results may suggest the possibility that the differences in dialysis policy between USA and Japan have secondary effects on alexithymia, which is one of the psychosomatic factors reflecting self-control ability in dialysis patients.
Development of human spatial cognition in a three-dimensional world
Authors: Kate A. Longstaffe, Bruce M. Hood, Iain D. Gilchrist
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Jeffery et al. accurately identify the importance of developing an understanding of spatial reference frames in a three-dimensional world. We examine human spatial cognition via a unique paradigm that investigates the role of saliency and adjusting reference frames. This includes work with adults, typically developing children, and children who develop non-typically (e.g., those with autism).
Microglia in the adult brain arise from Ly-6ChiCCR2+ monocytes only under defined host conditions
Authors: Alexander Mildner, Hauke Schmidt, Mirko Nitsche, Doron Merkler, Uwe-Karsten Hanisch, Matthias Mack, Mathias Heikenwalder, Wolfgang Brück, Josef Priller, Marco Prinz
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2007)
Abstract 2447: Transient lymphocyte decrease due to adhesion &amp; migration following treatment with catumaxomab (anti-EpCAM x anti-CD3) <i>in vivo</i>
Authors: Andrea Eberhardt, Kirsten Dettmar, Judith Atz, Carsten Lindemann, Petra Schroeder, Michael Kluge
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Catumaxomab is a trifunctional, bispecific antibody targeting EpCAM and CD3 which redirects T-cells to EpCAM expressing tumor cells and is able to evoke T-cell cytotoxic responses. The hybrid Fc region of catumaxomab provides a third functional binding site, which is able to bind and activate Fcγ receptor (FcγR)-positive accessory cells. In clinical trials a transient decrease in peripheral blood lymphocyte counts was observed following i.p. administration of catumaxomab. Lymphocyte decrease may be a result of either decreased production or increased destruction of lymphocytes, redistribution of lymphocytes or various unknown / multifactorial pathogeneses. We determined whether the observed transient decrease in patients might be due to antibody induced adhesion of lymphocytes to endothelial cells or to migration of lymphocytes into the tissue. Therefore, we investigated the influence of catumaxomab on adhesion of human T cells to endothelial cells in vitro. Catumaxomab physiologically activated T-cells by increasing expression of the activation marker CD69 and induced the release of cytokines, including TNFα and IFNγ. TNFα increased expression of adhesion molecules CD54 and CD62E on endothelial cells. Furthermore, catumaxomab dose-dependently increased adhesion of T cells to endothelial cells, and the adhesion was further increased when the endothelial cells were preactivated with TNFα. Thus, catumaxomab increases adhesion of T-cells to endothelial cells, which is due to antibody mediated upregulation of adhesion molecules on T-cells and production of cytokines that upregulate endothelial cell adhesion molecules. Furthermore, we showed that treatment of BALB/c mice with the related trifunctional antibody BiLu (anti-human EpCAM x anti-mouse CD3), that binds to mouse CD3, also resulted in a dose-dependent transient decrease in CD3+ T-cells (both CD4+ and CD8+) that returned to the normal range within 48 h. These results provide a rationale for the transient and reversible decrease in peripheral lymphocyte counts observed following catumaxomab administration in clinical studies, which is likely to be due to redistribution of lymphocytes and not due to depletion of circulating lymphocytes or stem cells. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2447.
Types and Origins of Diagnostic Errors in Primary Care Settings
Authors: Hardeep Singh, Traber Davis Giardina, Ashley N. D. Meyer, Samuel N. Forjuoh, Michael D. Reis, Eric J. Thomas
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Diagnostic errors are an understudied aspect of ambulatory patient safety.To determine the types of diseases missed and the diagnostic processes involved in cases of confirmed diagnostic errors in primary care settings and to determine whether record reviews could shed light on potential contributory factors to inform future interventions.We reviewed medical records of diagnostic errors detected at 2 sites through electronic health record-based triggers. Triggers were based on patterns of patients' unexpected return visits after an initial primary care index visit.A large urban Veterans Affairs facility and a large integrated private health care system.Our study focused on 190 unique instances of diagnostic errors detected in primary care visits between October 1, 2006, and September 30, 2007.Through medical record reviews, we collected data on presenting symptoms at the index visit, types of diagnoses missed, process breakdowns, potential contributory factors, and potential for harm from errors.In 190 cases, a total of 68 unique diagnoses were missed. Most missed diagnoses were common conditions in primary care, with pneumonia (6.7%), decompensated congestive heart failure (5.7%), acute renal failure (5.3%), cancer (primary) (5.3%), and urinary tract infection or pyelonephritis (4.8%) being most common. Process breakdowns most frequently involved the patient-practitioner clinical encounter (78.9%) but were also related to referrals (19.5%), patient-related factors (16.3%), follow-up and tracking of diagnostic information (14.7%), and performance and interpretation of diagnostic tests (13.7%). A total of 43.7% of cases involved more than one of these processes. Patient-practitioner encounter breakdowns were primarily related to problems with history-taking (56.3%), examination (47.4%), and/or ordering diagnostic tests for further workup (57.4%). Most errors were associated with potential for moderate to severe harm.Diagnostic errors identified in our study involved a large variety of common diseases and had significant potential for harm. Most errors were related to process breakdowns in the patient-practitioner clinical encounter. Preventive interventions should target common contributory factors across diagnoses, especially those that involve data gathering and synthesis in the patient-practitioner encounter.
Pondering how to squeeze fitness programs into schools' budgetary, time constraints
Authors: C. Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

SOME FITNESS advocates suggest that children's exercise programs are barely jogging along. Ever-tighter budgets and increased pressures to include more academic subjects are said by exercise advocates like Judith C. Young, PhD, executive director of the National Association for Sport and Physical Education (Reston, Va), to be threatening physical education programs in schools. On the other hand, while it might seem obvious that increased physical activity—especially started early in life— would significantly reduce cardiovascular risk factors, current data are not adequate to state this conclusively, says Michael A. Nelson, MD. Nelson is chair of the American Academy of Pediatrics (Elk Grove Village, Ill) Committee on Sports Medicine and Fitness. Whatever the longer-term outcome,
SECTION OF OPHTHALMOLOGY.
Authors: E. J. Blair
Journal: JAMA (1892)

The next annual meeting of this Section will be held in Detroit, Michigan, June 7, 8, 9, and 10. The Cadillac Hotel has been selected as head-quarters. The members of this Section will dine together on Wednesday, June 8, at 6 P.M., at the Cadillac Hotel. The price of the tickets will be $2 each, and can be obtained from any member of the Executive Committee, namely, Dr. S. C. Ayers, Cincinnati, Ohio, F. C. Hotz, Chicago, Ill., and Edward Jackson, Philadelphia, Pa. It is earnestly requested that each member will inform the Chairman of the Executive Committee, Dr. S. C. Ayres, whether or not he will be present. The following is the list of papers to be read in the Section of Ophthalmology: Dr. George Friebis, Case of Congenital Ectopia Lentis. Dr. B. L. Milliken, Injuries to the Lens, with Cases. Dr. Charles A. Oliver, Clinical History of a
Mallory-Weiss Syndrome
Authors: John P. Decker, Norman Zamcheck, G. Kenneth Mallory
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

SINCE the original descriptions of gastrointestinal hemorrhage caused by cardioesophageal lacerations induced by vomiting, presented by Mallory and Weiss1 , 2 more than twenty years ago, there have been no further reports of this syndrome. Several large series of gastrointestinal bleeding recently studied from a clinical standpoint3 4 5 6 7 make no mention of this syndrome as a cause for hematemesis. Of 101 patients with fatal gastrointestinal hemorrhage who were recently examined at autopsy in this laboratory, cardioesophageal lacerations accounted for 3 deaths.8 Since the last report of Weiss and Mallory from this hospital, at least 11 cases of gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to cardioesophageal lacerations . . .
Hypothyroidism in pregnancy affects babies' intelligence
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Pregnant women with untreated hypothyroidism give birth to children with slightly lower IQs, according to a new study, but experts disagree on whether the difference is enough to justify routine screening for pregnant women.

The study, conducted by a team from the Foundation for Blood Research in Scarborough, Maine, examined whether undetected or inadequately treated maternal thyroid deficiency during pregnancy was associated with lower IQ scores in the offspring in …
The Immediate Effects of Respiratory Depression on Acid-Base Balance in Anesthetized Man1
Authors: Duncan A. Holaday, Dorothy Ma, E. M. Papper
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1957)

The earliest report of the immediate effects of elevated carbon dioxide tension on acid-base bal- ance during anesthesia was published by Hender- son and Haggard in 1918 (1).They observed that an increase in CO2 tension of the pulmonary air resulted in an increase in the CO, capacity of the blood of narcotized dogs.They postulated that this change was due to the passage of alkali from tissues into blood and resulted in the main- tenance of the hydrogen ion concentration of the blood at a normal or nearly normal level.In 1932, Shaw and Messer (2) reported similar ex- periments with contrary results.They observed that dogs breathing high concentrations of carbon dioxide invariably developed a significant reduc- tion of CO2 capacity of the blood.When these experiments were repeated in cats, the alteration was even more striking.They suggested that the elevated blood bicarbonate, resulting from CO2 retention, migrated into tissues as a result of physical forces which were regulated by the ionic con- centration gradient.Recently, Giebisch, Berger, and Pitts (3) and Elkinton, Singer, Barker, and Clark (4) have ob- served responses to CO2 breathing in anesthetized dogs and unanesthetized man, respectively, which confirm the observations of Henderson and Hag- gard.On the other hand, Himwich, Gildea, Raki- eten, and DuBois (5) consistently observed a re- duction of CO2 capacity in unanesthetized humans breathing 5 per cent CO2 for 30 minutes.The same authors obtained this response in four of six experiments on dogs during CO2 inhalation of 30 minutes or less, but obtained the opposite response in animals breathing CO2 for periods longer than 55 minutes.Observations made on man during
Initial and long-term outcome of 83 patients after balloon angioplasty of totally occluded bypass grafts
Authors: Joel K. Kahn, Barry D. Rutherford, David R. McConahay, Warren L. Johnson, Lee V. Giorgi, Thomas M. Shimshak, Robert W. Ligon, Geoffrey O. Hartzler
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
FDA seeks to modify regulation of medical devices
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Regulation of medical devices in the United States could change if a series of recommendations by two internal working groups at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are fully implemented. The reports, released earlier this month, begin a process of public comment and possible modification before being implemented.

The focus is on so called 510(k) devices, known by the regulatory subsection under which they are evaluated. The section has three broad categories: high risk such as heart valves; …
Clinical and Pathological Findings in Patients with "Floppy" Valves Treated Surgically
Authors: ROXANE MCKAY, MAGDI H. YACOUB
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Fifty-one patients underwent operation for "floppy" aortic or mitral valves during a three-year period between 1969 and 1972. Aortic valve disease occurred predominantly in men, while mitral valve lesions were equally distributed between men and women. In all groups, the mean age at operation was in the fifth decade; only patients with Marfan's syndrome came to operation before the age of 30 years. The clinical course was characterized by rapid deterioration in left ventricular failure after the onset of symptoms; an asymptomatic murmur was often present for many years prior to decompensation. Hemodynamic findings showed a wide range of abnormalities, with cardiac index consistently reduced to 1.5 L/m 2 /min ± 0.3 in aortic disease, and 1.6 L/m 2 /min ± 0.4 in mitral disease. At operation the aortic cusps were thin and prolapsing and, in 5 of 11 patients, an aneurysm of the ascending aorta required resection. Mitral valves were soft, voluminous, with elongated and ruptured chordae. Prolapse of the cusps or billowing of a flail segment produced mitral regurgitation. In 3 patients, mitral valve replacement was complicated by acute dissection of the aorta at the site of the aortic clamp; this was diagnosed at operation and successfully repaired in 2 and discovered at autopsy in 1. Histology of the valves confirmed the presence of diffuse myxomatous tissue in all cusps, cystic medial necrosis in the aorta, and varying degrees of collagen disorganization and necrosis in chordae tendineae. There was frequently deposition of similar myxomatous tissue around chordae and on the ventricular endocardium, possibly as a response to friction. Forty-four patients survived operation and have been followed up for periods up to 36 months. There were 2 late deaths, and 2 valves were replaced at a second operation. There has been no evidence of valve dehiscence. It is concluded that heart disease resulting from connective tissue abnormalities is unique in its clinical course, the high incidence of associated aortic aneurysms and ruptured chordae tendineae, and the postoperative complications of valve dehiscence. Homograft replacement has given encouraging results.
A Kantian Moral Duty for the Soon-to-be Demented to Commit Suicide
Authors: Dennis R. Cooley
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2007)

It has been argued that, on Kantian grounds, pedophiles, rapists and murderers are morally obligated to take their own lives prior to committing a violent action that will end their moral agency. That is, to avoid destroying the agent's moral life by performing a morally suicidal action, the agent, while he still is a moral agent, should end his body's life. Although the cases of dementia and the morally reprehensible are vastly different, this Kantian interpretation might be useful in the debate on the permissibility of suicide for those facing dementia's effects. If moral agents have a duty to act as moral agents, then those who will lose their moral identity as moral agents have an obligation to themselves to end their physical lives prior to losing their dignity as persons.
GW25-e3429 Intramyocardial relaxin-2 gene delivery improves diastolic function of pressure-overloaded rats via increasing phospholamban phosphorylation by activating nuclear-targeted Akt
Authors: Shuai Xinxin, Meng Yidi, Wang Yuhui, Su Guanhua, Han Jun, Lu Yongxin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Book Review Women's Health — Missing from U.S. medicine (Race, Gender, and Science.) By Sue V. Rosser. 213 pp. Bloomington, Ind., Indiana University Press, 1994. $29.95 (cloth); $14.95 (paper). 0-253-34991-5 (cloth); 0-253-20924-2 (paper).
Authors: Barbara Gastel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)
Lay perspectives: advantages for health research
Authors: V. A Entwistle, M. J Renfrew, S. Yearley, J. Forrester, T. Lamont
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Although involvement of the consumer is increasingly being advocated in health related research, it is not welcome universally. Furthermore, the underlying rationale is rarely made explicit. Policy makers, health care professionals, and researchers need to be clear about the benefits and ways of including lay perspectives and the criteria for evaluating these. Examples of lay involvement in setting research agendas,1 2 3 4 methodological debate,5 and specific projects4 6 4 are accumulating, but little clear evidence about the benefits and costs of different ways of incorporating lay input into health services research is available.

We outline two basic reasons for incorporating lay perspectives into research and discuss some common objections. A framework is offered to help clarify the dimensions of lay involvement in health research. We use the term “lay” to mean people who are neither health care professionals nor health services researchers, but who may have specialised knowledge related to health. This includes patients, the general public, and consumer advocates.

The current interest in incorporating lay perspectives into health services research reflects broad social and political trends and developments in health care that have involved some breaching of the boundaries between medical professionals and others. The assumptions that the “experts”–doctors and biomedical researchers—are the best judges of what research is needed and should be exempt from democratic accountability are questioned. In addition, theoretical and empirical work on the philosophy and sociology of science has shown that the culture and values of those involved can influence research and the knowledge derived from it.8 The relevance of much research that has been driven by narrow professional and academic interests is increasingly being questioned.9 10

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#### Summary points

Including lay people in health services research has been mandated politically and could improve the quality and impact of research

Patients and …

 [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
KRAS Mutations in Advanced Nonsquamous Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with First-Line Platinum-Based Chemotherapy Have No Predictive Value
Authors: Wouter W. Mellema, Anne-Marie C. Dingemans, Erik Thunnissen, Peter J.F. Snijders, Jules Derks, Daniëlle A.M. Heideman, Robertjan Van Suylen, Egbert F. Smit
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2013)
The effectiveness of a training programme upon maximum aerobic power.
Authors: Q. Juxiang, W. Shuyun, L. Shaojung, L. Zhe
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1982)

Forty-two trained and untrained young Chinese subjects of both sexes were employed for this study. Maximal oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold were measured with the Beckman Metabolic Measurement Cart (MMC) during incremental work test. Skinfold thickness was measured using a skinfold caliper. Body density was calculated with skinfold thickness according to the formula of Suzuki et al (1975). % fat was calculated with the equation given by Brozek et al (1963). % fat of trained subjects was significantly lower than untrained subjects in both sexes. Maximal aerobic power of trained subjects was greater than untrained subjects in both sexes. VO2 at "AT" in trained subjects was greater than untrained subjects in both sexes. Anaerobic threshold might be a valid and useful physiological index for evaluation of physical fitness in various subjects.
FETAL TERATOMA IN A CHILD
Authors: William H. German
Journal: JAMA (1922)

D. S., a girl, aged 6 years and 10 months, gave no history of illness, except that she had scarlet fever in 1921. She is said to have complained of occasional pain in the abdomen, but it was not thought serious, and she appeared normal. July 9, 1922, she accidentally fell over a small rocking chair, and soon developed severe pain in the umbilical and left abdominal regions. July 30, examination revealed general abdominal rigidity and tension, tenderness over the appendix and a distinct tumor in the left abdomen. The temperature was 101. The bowels were obstinately constipated. July 31, the general condition was worse; pain had increased and vomiting had occurred. The patient was removed to a hospital for further observation and probable operation. The blood count revealed 23,350 leukocytes. The patient was prepared for operation, which was performed, July 31. A medial incision was made, and a tumor