tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Progressive Loss of Cerebellar Volume in Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia
Authors: Audrey Keller, F. Xavier Castellanos, A. Catherine Vaituzis, Neal O. Jeffries, Jay N. Giedd, Judith L. Rapoport
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

OBJECTIVE: Childhood-onset schizophrenia is a severe and unremitting form of the disorder. Prospective brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have found progressive loss of total cerebral volume during adolescence, primarily attributable to accelerated loss of cortical gray matter. Because there is evidence of cerebellar involvement in schizophrenia, the authors examined cerebellar volume and its relation to cortical gray matter development during adolescence in patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia and healthy comparison subjects. METHOD: Total cerebellar volume was algorithmically calculated for 108 anatomical brain MRI scans from 50 patients (20 of whom were female) and 101 scans from 50 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers (20 of whom were female). The age range of the patients and comparison subjects was 8 to 24. Midsagittal vermal area and posterior-inferior vermal lobe volume were measured by hand. Prospective rescans were obtained at approximately 2-year intervals. Cross-sectional and longitudinal data were combined in mixed model regressions to compare developmental changes for the groups. RESULTS: In contrast to healthy volunteers, patients with schizophrenia showed a progressive loss of cerebellar volume during adolescence. Cerebellar and cerebral volume decreases were significantly correlated in childhood-onset schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood-onset schizophrenia is associated with significant progressive loss of cerebellar volume during adolescence, consistent with previously reported decreases in total cerebral and cortical gray matter. At least in these patients with severe early-onset schizophrenia, the loss appears secondary to a generalized process.
Fungal Engagement of the C-Type Lectin Mincle Suppresses Dectin-1-Induced Antifungal Immunity
Authors: Brigitte A. Wevers, Tanja M. Kaptein, Esther M. Zijlstra-Willems, Bart Theelen, Teun Boekhout, Teunis B.H. Geijtenbeek, Sonja I. Gringhuis
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2014)
East of Suez
Authors: G. R. McRobert
Journal: BMJ (1945)

NKT cells are key regulators of autoimmunity, tumor immune surveillance, and the immune response to pathogens. The role of NKT cells in regulating adaptive immunity to cutaneous Ags is largely unknown. This study explores the role of CD1d-restricted NKT cells in cross-priming of CD8 effector T cells to OVA expressed in epithelial keratinocytes (K5mOVA transgenic mouse). In a skin grafting model, we show that NKT cells enhance the rejection of K5mOVA skin grafts by promoting generation of OVA-specific CD8 effector T cells in the skin-draining lymph nodes. This is associated with a decrease in the proportion of both Th17 cells and IL-17–producing NKT cells within the lymph node, thereby inducing a Th1-biased response by increasing the ratio of IFN-γ to IL-17 production. Administration of a strong agonist ligand (α-galactosylceramide) for NKT cells induced higher levels of local IFN-γ production, enhancing the rate of K5mOVA graft rejection. Thus, NKT cells can promote adaptive immunity to cell-associated Ag expressed in skin by local regulation of IFN-γ production in secondary lymphoid tissue during cross-priming of effector CD8 T cells.
Abnormalities in the myeloid progenitor compartment in Down syndrome fetal liver precede acquisition of GATA1 mutations
Authors: Oliver Tunstall-Pedoe, Anindita Roy, Anastasios Karadimitris, Josu de la Fuente, Nicholas M. Fisk, Phillip Bennett, Alice Norton, Paresh Vyas, Irene Roberts
Journal: Blood (2008)
An Introduction to Medical Phenomenology: I Can't Hear You While I'm Listening
Authors: RICHARD J. BARON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

A great gulf exists between the way we think about disease as physicians and the way we experience it as people. Much of this separation derives directly from our basic assumptions about what illness is. Our medical world view is rooted in an anatomicopathologic view of disease that precludes a rigorous understanding of the experience of illness. What we need to remedy this problem is not just the admonition to remember that our patients are people, but a radical restructuring of what we take disease to be. The philosophic discipline of phenomenology is used to present a vision of disease that begins with an understanding of illness as it is lived. "Nonmedical" descriptions of illness show how we can reorient our thinking to encompass both our traditional paradigm and one that takes human experience as seriously as it takes anatomy.
Michael Leighton Huntley Flindt
Authors: R. Flindt
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Michael Leighton Huntley Flindt was educated at Bryanston School and St Thomas’ Hospital, London. He qualified in 1945 and held posts as house physician and senior casualty officer at St Helier Hospital, Carshalton, and as resident anaesthetist and house surgeon at St Thomas’ Hospital.

He then spent three years in Borneo as a surgeon with an oil company, but for much of the time he was sole doctor in charge of a 100-bed hospital with a large outpatient load. Back in England, after periods as an anatomy demonstrator, general practitioner, and medical editor, he worked as an industrial medical officer with Unilever on Merseyside before going on to Manchester University, where …
Association and computation with cell assemblies
Authors: Frank der van Velde
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract The cell assembly is an important concept for cognitive psychology. Cognitive processing will to a large extent depend on the relations that can exist between different assemblies. A potential relation between assemblies can already be seen in the occurrence of (classical) conditioning. However, the resulting associations between assemblies only produce behavioristic processing or so-called regular computation. Higher-level cognitive abilities most likely result from nonregular computation. I discuss the possibility of this form of computation in terms of cell assemblies.
Hepatitis C and Cancer
Authors: Mark A. Marinella, Richard H. Moseley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 June 1997Hepatitis C and CancerMark A. Marinella, MD and Richard H. Moseley, MDMark A. Marinella, MDWright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, OH 45429Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109Search for more papers by this author and Richard H. Moseley, MDWright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, OH 45429Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-12-199706150-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We read with interest the recent review article by Sharara and coworkers [1]. The authors mention the role of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma and note that HCV does not integrate into the host genome. Chronic HCV infection has also been implicated in various autoimmune phenomenon, including essential mixed cryoglobulinemia, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, porphyria cutanea tarda, and autoimmune thyroiditis [2]. Hepatitis C virus is a lymphotrophic virus that supports the association between chronic HCV infection and the clonal B-cell proliferation that occurs with mixed cryoglobulinemia [3]. Recently, HCV was reported to be a ...References1. Sharara AI, Hunt CM, Hamilton JD. Hepatitis C. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:658-68. Google Scholar2. Gumber SC, Chopra S. Hepatitis C: a multifaceted disease. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 123:615-20. Google Scholar3. Ferri C, Caracciolo F, Zignego AL, La Civita L, Monti M, Longombardo G, et al. Hepatitis C infection in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 1994; 88:392-4. Google Scholar4. Ferri C, La Civita L, Monti M, Longombardo G, Greco F, Pasero G, et al. Can type C hepatitis infection be complicated by malignant lymphoma? Lancet. 1995; 346:1426-7. Google Scholar5. Marinella MA, Moseley RH. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia complicating chronic hepatitis C infection. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1996; 23:302. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Mark A. Marinella, MD; Richard H. Moseley, MDAffiliations: Wright State University School of Medicine, Dayton, OH 45429Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 1997Volume 126, Issue 12Page: 1002-1003KeywordsB cellsChronic lymphocytic leukemiaHepatitis C virusLymphocytesLymphomaPathogenesisPorphyriaRheumatoid arthritisRisk managementThyroid ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 June 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Pericardial and Mediastinal Involvement From Bronchogenic Carcinoma Demonstrated by TI-201 Imaging
Authors: PANUKORN VASINRAPEE, ROBERT COOK, ISAAC REESE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

TI-201 chloride is one of the unique radiopharmaceuticals that can be used for myocardial perfusion study as well as for tumor imaging. This report demonstrates the value of this agent in detecting mediastinal involvement and malignant pericardial effusion from poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the lung on the same study.
Abstract IA7: Determinants of clinical outcome in ovarian cancer
Authors: David D.L. Bowtell
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Clinical outcome for ovarian cancer has seen little improvement over the last two decades despite intensive research and clinical trial activity. Why has ovarian cancer been so intractable? Patient cohort studies that seek to unravel the determinants of clinical outcome allow a focus on molecular changes that are important to patient health, as well as providing experiments of nature that help researchers identify drivers of disease. The presentation will provide examples of somatic and germline determinants of patient outcome that must be considered when seeking biomarkers of tumor behavior. Intratumoral heterogeneity and tumor evolution during therapy will also be discussed. Ovarian cancer has been fragmented into distinct molecular subtypes and the origins of the different histotypes revised. However, fragmentation has also resulted in unexpected convergence, involving the discovery of molecular similarities of ovarian cancer subtypes with other solid cancers. Ovarian cancer provides an excellent example of a reclassification of solid cancer that is currently underway, based on molecular properties of a tumor rather than anatomy. Citation Format: David D.L. Bowtell. Determinants of clinical outcome in ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr IA7.
Increasing Completion of Advance Directives
Authors: David J. Doukas
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We read with great interest the recent article by Rubin et al<sup>1</sup>regarding a method of enhancing patient consent to the durable power of attorney form. We agree that using educational pamphlets may be a step in the right direction in helping patients better understand these decisions. We also concur that written pamphlets are not the sole means of conveying such information on advance directives. Therefore, we recently conducted a pilot study on the living will that may be of interest to the authors in which three educational modalities were used. We randomly enrolled a total of 69 family practice adult outpatients into one of three groups: (1) those receiving a written description of the living will, (2) those receiving a scripted encounter with an interviewer, and (3) those watching a 5-minute videotape. All three modalities were identically scripted and involved the participation of the same
The Spectrum of Severe Rheumatic Mitral Valve Disease in a Developing Country: Correlations among Clinical Presentation, Surgical Pathologic Findings, and Hemodynamic Sequelae
Authors: Richard H. Marcus
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Objective: To describe the demographic, pathologic, and hemodynamic profiles of patients with severe rheumatic mitral valve disease in a developing country and to assess their relation to uncontrolled rheumatic disease activity. Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional, cohort study. Setting: Tertiary medical center in Soweto, South Africa. Patients: 714 of 737 consecutive black patients, 4 to 73 years old, with pure mitral regurgitation, pure mitral stenosis, or mixed mitral disease who had mitral valve surgery and in whom preoperative and surgical data were concordant. Measurements: Valve lesions were evaluated on the basis of clinical, echocardiographic, hemodynamic, and surgical pathologic data. Active rheumatic carditis was diagnosed according to clinical evidence for concurrent acute rheumatic fever (Jones criteria), macroscopic appearances at surgery, and histologic findings. Results: 219 patients had pure mitral regurgitation, 275 had pure mitral stenosis, and 220 had mixed lesions. Ongoing rheumatic activity was diagnosed in 106 patients with pure regurgitation (47%) and in only 5 patients with pure stenosis (2%). Pure regurgitation was the most common lesion in the first and second decades; the relative prevalence of pure stenosis increased with age. Purely regurgitant valves had pliable, unscarred leaflets (95%), dilated mitral annuli (95%), elongated chordae tendineae (92%), and anterior leaflet prolapse (81%). In contrast, purely stenotic valves had fused leaflet commissures (100%) and rigid leaflets (38%) but no evidence of prolapse. Conclusions: The spectrum of rheumatic mitral valve disease that is hemodynamically severe in developing countries differs from that currently reported in the United States. Severe, pure rheumatic mitral regurgitation is as prevalent as pure stenosis but has an entirely different time course, surgical anatomy, and relation to disease activity, suggesting a separate pathophysiologic mechanism.
Value of Haematology in Chronic Plumbism
Authors: J. M. Fullerton
Journal: BMJ (1952)

<b>Background:</b> Mortality due to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in the UK is rising in parallel to that of mesothelioma, with both conditions being significantly associated with historic asbestos imports. <b>Aims:</b> To establish whether there was any association between IPF and mesothelioma mortality in Europe, and to investigate whether IPF mortality varied depending on historic asbestos usage. <b>Methods:</b> Age-standardised mortality rates for IPF were plotted against mesothelioma mortality (2005-10) for 31 countries. A correlation co-efficient was calculated for IPF mortality rates against each countries per capita asbestos consumption (averaged over 1920-70). <b>Results:</b> Figure 1 shows that there was a significant relationship between mortality rates for mesothelioma and IPF for each country (Pearson correlation 0.52, p=0.003). A significant relationship was also seen between per capita asbestos consumption and IPF mortality rates (Pearson correlation 0.37, p= 0.046). <b>Conclusion</b>: Across Europe, IPF mortality is significantly correlated to mesothelioma mortality and historic asbestos consumption. Given the difficulties of differentiating asbestosis and IPF clinically, this may in part be explained by underestimating lifetime asbestos exposure in patients with diffuse pulmonary fibrosis.
Microsporum Canis--An Intensive Outbreak
Authors: G. T. N. Lawson, W. J. McLeod
Journal: BMJ (1957)

and Conclusions Of the six cases described, four had ulcerative colitis and ankylosing spondylitis, one had Crohn's disease and ankylosing spondylitis, and one had ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and ankylosing spondylitis.It is believed that these associations are more than those of chance.There seems to be a definite relationship between diseases of the intestines and spinal disorders.Ankylosing spondylitis can be a non-specific reaction to diseases of the intestinal tract.
Anti-liver-kidney microsome antibody is a marker for the rat hepatocyte endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Carmen De Lemos-Chiarandini, Fernando Alvarez, Olivier Bernard, Jean Claude Homberg, Gert Kreibich
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

Human sera, containing anti-liver-kidney microsome antibody as demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence, were obtained from a subgroup of young patients with autoimmune chronic hepatitis. The anti-liver-kidney microsome antibody-positive sera were used to study the localization of the liver-kidney microsome antigen in hepatocytes. Immunoblot analysis of microsomal subfractions, lysosomal membranes, plasma membranes, mitochondria and purified ribosomes obtained from rat liver demonstrated that this antibody recognizes a protein of 50 kD present only in endoplasmic reticulum membranes. Immunogold labeling of ultrathin frozen sections and immunoperoxidase staining of 11 to 15 micron cryostat sections were used to detect the liver-kidney microsome antigen in rat liver tissue. The anti-liver-kidney microsome antibody binds to antigenic domains on the cytoplasmic face of smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum membranes of hepatocytes. No labeling was observed of the Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, mitochondria, lysosomes, nuclei or plasma membranes. Not only was the antigen recognized by the anti-liver-kidney microsome antibody specific for endoplasmic reticulum membranes, but it was also specific for the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes only, since no labeling was observed in any organelle of Kupffer or endothelial cells. Therefore, the anti-liver-kidney microsome antibody can be considered as a marker for endoplasmic reticulum in rat hepatocytes.
Police are being forced to act as social workers
Authors: Madeleine Brettingham
Journal: BMJ (2005)

People are dying in police custody in Britain because officers are having to work as “social workers of last resort,” coping with drug users and mentally ill people who should rightfully be dealt with in hospital, says Nick Harwood, chairman of the Independent Police Complaints Commission.

Speaking as the commission released its figures for deaths during or after police contact in England and Wales during 2004-5, Mr Hardwick said that there could have been a “significant reduction” in the 36 deaths during or after police custody last year and in the 46 suicides that occurred soon after release if institutions properly addressed the issue of the force's role in coping with mentally ill people.

The 36 deaths in custody accounted for more than a third of the …
Choose your models wisely: How different murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cell protocols influence the success of nanoparticulate vaccines in vitro
Authors: Heleen Dewitte, Rein Verbeke, Karine Breckpot, Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke, Claude Libert, Stefaan C. De Smedt, Ine Lentacker
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Acute myelogenous leukemia subsequent to therapy for a different neoplasm: Clinical features and response to therapy
Authors: Harvey D. Preisler, Gary H. Lyman
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1977)

Abstract The clinical characteristics of 10 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) which developed subsequently to treatment for another neoplasm are described. This disease appears to differ from “spontaneous” AML in being associated with lesser degrees of leukemic infiltration of the marrow and more frequent chromosomal aberrations. Only one of the nine patients who received chemotherapy attained remission status, and the mean and median survivals from the initiation of chemotherapy were 2.7 months and one month respectively. Nine of the 10 patients died as a result of infection. The refractoriness of this form of AML to chemotherapy was borne out by a review of the literature, which revealed only two remissions in 32 treated patients. The implications for the management of this disease are discussed.
Effect of prednisolone on theophylline pharmacokinetics in patients with chronic airflow obstruction.
Authors: R J Fergusson, C M Scott, P Rafferty, J Gaddie
Journal: Thorax (1987)

The effect of prednisolone on the elimination kinetics of theophylline was studied in a group of nine patients with chronic airflow obstruction. Volume of distribution, plasma half life, and clearance after a single intravenous dose of aminophylline (5.6 mg/kg) were unchanged by prednisolone treatment (20 mg daily for three weeks). The metabolism of an intravenous bolus of theophylline is not influenced by oral prednisolone.
No more free lunches: Summary of rapid responses
Authors: C. White
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Many of the 100 plus contributors to the editorial by Abbasi and Smith were indignant.1 Wasn't it stating the obvious? Clearly drug companies would not spend vast sums on persuading doctors to prescribe their drugs if they didn't think these tactics paid off. But doctors are more than capable of resisting the blandishments of drug company sales representatives and seeing through the inducements of lavish corporate hospitality, they contended.

Disentanglement from drug companies whiffed of utopian sanctimoniousness, others fumed, and ignored both the realities of working in the NHS—where continuing medical education languishes at the back of the financial priorities queue—and the inevitability of a profit driven, commercial world. It's a question of “mindful practice” suggested one correspondent. And many felt the several …
Cardiovascular effects of verapamil in patients with essential hypertension.
Authors: R E Schmieder, F H Messerli, G E Garavaglia, B D Nunez
Journal: Circulation (1987)

The cardiovascular effects of intravenous verapamil and 3 months of oral administration of a slow-release form of verapamil (verapamil-SR) were studied in 10 patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. Intravenous verapamil reduced arterial pressure by 15% (p less than .01) through a fall in total peripheral resistance of 29% (p less than .01); provoked a reflexive rise in heart rate (by 19%, p less than .02), cardiac output (by 74%, p less than .01), and plasma catecholamines; and shifted intravascular volume toward the cardiopulmonary circulation indicating peripheral venoconstriction. Quite in contrast to the immediate effects of the intravenous drug, oral therapy with verapamil-SR for 2 to 3 months lowered arterial pressure effectively (by 15%, p less than .01) by inducing vasodilation of 15% (p less than .02), but without causing reflex tachycardia, activation of the sympathetic-adrenergic or renin-angiotensin systems, or volume expansion. Oral therapy with verapamil-SR preserved systemic and renal blood flow and slightly reduced cardiac mass (by 6%, p less than .05) and renal vascular resistance (by 25%, p less than .05). Whereas intravenous verapamil tended to depress myocardial contractility, oral verapamil-SR did not at all affect myocardial contractility or left ventricular function. These cardiovascular effects make verapamil-SR an excellent agent for long-term antihypertensive therapy.