tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cyclosporin A inhibition of interleukin 2 gene expression, but not natural killer cell proliferation, after interferon induction in vivo.
Authors: M T Kasaian, C A Biron
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

The IFN inducer, poly(I:C), elicits acute NK cell blastogenesis and proliferation in vivo. The role of IL-2 in mediating this proliferation was investigated in the studies presented here. Blast NK cells were isolated from poly(I:C)-treated, T cell-deficient athymic mice. Dividing cells, incorporating [3H]thymidine, were enriched in the J11d- low density populations isolated from poly(I:C)-treated mice, and were characterized as NK by the following criteria: (a) they were eliminated by treatment with anti-AGM1 in vivo; and (b) they directly mediated lysis of NK-sensitive target cells in a single cell cytotoxicity assay with autoradiography. These poly(I:C)-induced blast NK cells were responsive to IL-2, but, when compared with in vivo activated T cells, responsiveness required 1,000-fold higher concentrations of the factor. The technique of in situ hybridization was used to evaluate induction of IL-2 gene expression after poly(I:C) treatment in vivo. Treatment of euthymic, athymic, and severe combined immunodeficient mice with poly(I:C) activated IL-2 gene expression in a small percentage of spleen leukocytes. The transcription-positive cells were enriched in low density cell populations. These findings demonstrate that IL-2 transcription occurs after IFN induction in vivo, and suggest that an endogenous source of IL-2 exists other than the mature T cell. To assess the IL-2 dependence of in vivo NK cell expansion, poly(I:C)-treated athymic mice were given cyclosporin A (CsA), an agent that regulates IL-2 production at the level of gene transcription. The drug resulted in an 85-100% reduction in the percentages of cells transcribing IL-2. In contrast, CsA administration did not block IFN-enhanced NK cell cytolytic activity, expansion of large granular lymphocyte numbers, or NK cell proliferation. These findings demonstrate that although the proliferation of blast NK cells can be supported by IL-2, IL-2 is not an important mediator of IFN-induced NK cell expansion. Moreover, they establish that the acute proliferation of NK cells in response to IFNs is CsA insensitive.
COMPARISON OF TWO NORMAL POPULATIONS FOR DEFINING NORMAL LIMITS OF LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION WITH EXERCISE
Authors: Alan Rozanski, Jomshid Maddahi, Nancy L. Pantaleo, Jack M. Gutman, Ernest Garcia, Alan D. Waxman, George A. Diamond, James S. Forrester, H. J.C. Swan, Daniel S. Berman
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

Rozanski, Alan; Maddahi, Jomshid; Pantaleo, Nancy L.; Gutman, Jack M.; Garcia, Ernest; Waxman, Alan D.; Diamond, George A.; Forrester, James S.; Swan, H. J.C.; Berman, Daniel S. Author Information
Imatinib-Sensitizing <i>KIT</i> Mutation in a Carney-Stratakis–Associated GI Stromal Tumor
Authors: Daniela Gasparotto, Sabrina Rossi, Domenico Campagna, Paola Scavina, Francesco D. Tiziano, Alessandra Marzotto, Luisa Toffolatti, Carlo E. Vitelli, Mostafa Amini, Angelo P. Dei Tos, Roberta Maestro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)
As seen on TV: observational study of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in British television medical dramas
Authors: P N Gordon, S Williamson, P G Lawler
Journal: BMJ (1998)

To determine the frequency and accuracy with which cardiopulmonary resuscitation is portrayed in British television medical dramas.Observational study.64 episodes of three major British television medical dramas: Casualty, Cardiac Arrest, and Medics.Frequency of cardiopulmonary resuscitation shown on television; age, sex, and diagnosis of the patients undergoing resuscitation; rate of survival through resuscitation.Overall 52 patients had a cardiorespiratory arrest on screen and 3 had a respiratory arrest alone, all the arrests occurring in 40 of the 64 episodes. Of the 52 patients having cardiorespiratory arrest, 32 (62%) underwent an attempt at cardiopulmonary resuscitation; 8 attempts were successful. All 3 of the patients having respiratory arrests alone received ventilatory support and survived. On 48% of occasions, victims of cardiac arrest seemed to be less than 35 years old.Cardiorespiratory resuscitation is often depicted in British television medical dramas. Patients portrayed receiving resuscitation are likely to be in a younger age group than in real life. Though the reasons for resuscitation are more varied and more often associated with trauma than in reality, the overall success rate is nevertheless realistic. Widespread overoptimism of patients for survival after resuscitation cannot necessarily be blamed on British television medical dramas.
Medical Law, Medical Ethics-Reply
Authors: David Orentlicher
Journal: JAMA (1991)

In Reply. —  There was no intent to suggest that ethical behavior is defined by the law or that ethical behavior should be defined by the law. I, too, believe that it is important to distinguish between law and ethics. The point of my statement is that decisions about life-sustaining treatment are primarily medical and ethical decisions rather than legal decisions. Indeed, if physicians and family members act in accordance with medical and ethical principles on withdrawal of treatment, they generally can be confident that they are also acting in accordance with the law. However, there may be states, like Missouri, where the judiciary or the legislature has imposed a legal standard that is more stringent than would be required by either medicine or ethics. For those states, I would urge that the law be changed to coincide with medical and ethical principles, but I am not prepared to advise
Arsenic as a teratogenic agent.
Authors: V H Ferm
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

Sodium arsenate induces developmental malformations in a variety of experimental animals. In the golden hamster, the intravenous (or intraperitoneal) administration of 20 mg/kg of sodium arsenate during day 8 to 9 of gestation induces a rather specific spectrum of congenital malformations. This period corresponds to the period of very rapid differentiation and major organogenesis in this animal. The spectrum of defects produced by arsenate in the hamster includes exencephaly, encephaloceles, skeletal defects, and malformations of the genito-urinary system. This teratogenic effect can be significantly reduced by the simultaneous administration of selenium. Recent studies in this laboratory have demonstrated the permeability of the placenta to 74As during the early critical stages of embryogenesis and the distribution of this isotope in maternal, placental and embryonic tissues. We have also recently demonstrated the marked potentiation of the teratogenic effect of sodium arsenate by subjecting the mothers to short periods of hyperthermia immediately following the administration of subteratogenic or minimal teratogenic levels of arsenate.
Prednisone Alone and in Combination with Salicylates and Phenylbutazone in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Warren D. Platt, Irving H. Steinberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THE adrenal steroids have attained wide acceptance as therapeutic agents in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The chemical analogue of cortisone, prednisone, has properties that have made the steroid approach even more useful in this field of therapy. Specifically, the retention of sodium and the excretion of potassium in unphysiologic amounts, found during cortisone administration, are avoided with the usual maintenance doses of prednisone.1 , 2 Prednisone can be used in cardiac patients without fear of producing or increasing congestive heart failure and in hypertensive patients when salt restriction is desirable. The hypertensive effect occasionally found with cortisone therapy has been shown . . .
Interferons of Mice and Men
Authors: Thomas C. Merigan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

IN his report to the Ninth International Congress of Microbiology in Moscow last summer, Professor André Lwoff reviewed the findings that support the importance of nonspecific factors in recovery from viral infections. He concluded that now even the most skeptical must admit that factors other than antibodies are involved in resistance and recovery from virus infections. The generally normal course of these infections in the agammaglobulinemic child is in keeping with this. He specifically mentioned 3 factors as being influential: elevated temperature, interferon production and low tissue pH. In the nine years since its discovery by Alick Isaacs and Jean . . .
Rapid Eradication of a Bulky Melanoma Mass with One Dose of Immunotherapy
Authors: Paul B. Chapman, Sandra P. D'Angelo, Jedd D. Wolchok
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Tumor responses to immunotherapy are highly variable in onset and duration. Responses are often delayed and follow what appears to be progression. However, rapid responses also happen and can result in the disappearance of large lesions, leaving holes and cavities in their wake.
Role of Neuregulin-1/ErbB Signaling in Cardiovascular Physiology and Disease
Authors: Katrien Lemmens, Kris Doggen, Gilles W. De Keulenaer
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Since the discovery that neuregulin-1 (NRG-1)/ErbB signaling is indispensable in cardiac development, evidence has shown that this system also plays a crucial role in the adult heart. In patients, an inhibitory ErbB2 antibody, trastuzumab, used in the treatment of mammary carcinomas, increases the risk for the development of cardiotoxic cardiomyopathy. Postnatal disruption of NRG-1/ErbB signaling by gene targeting in mice leads to dilated cardiomyopathy. Initially, the search for the mechanisms behind these observations focused mainly on the effects of NRG-1 on cardiomyocyte growth and survival and revealed that NRG-1 has Akt-dependent antiapoptotic effects in cultured cardiomyocytes. In vivo studies, however, did not uniformly reinforce a role for apoptosis in the development of cardiomyopathy induced by impaired NRG-1/ErbB signaling. More recent studies have revealed that NRG-1 is involved in the regulation of cardiac sympathovagal balances by counterbalancing adrenergic stimulation of the adult myocardium and through an obligatory interaction with the muscarinic cholinergic system. NRG-1 is synthesized and released by the endocardial and cardiac microvascular endothelium, dynamically controlled by neurohormonal and biomechanical stimuli. The physiology of the cardiac NRG-1/ErbB system has implications for the treatment of both cancer and heart failure. Clinical studies in breast cancer with novel ErbB inhibitors are currently underway. Novel oncological indications for ErbB inhibition are emerging; cardiovascular side effects need to be carefully monitored. On the other hand, pharmacological activation of ErbB signaling is likely an unrecognized and beneficial effect of currently used drugs in heart failure and a promising therapeutic approach to prevent or reverse myocardial dysfunction.
Abstract A17: Loss of DEPTOR increases resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors by upregulating EGFR and MAPK signaling
Authors: Catherine F. Cowell, Elza C. De Bruin, Michael Howell, Julian Downward
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Epidermal growth factor (EGFR) activating mutations occur in 10% to 40% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and can be successfully targeted with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), achieving up to 80% response rate in patient populations selected for presence of activating mutations. However, almost all patients develop resistance to treatment within a year, and in at least 30% of cases the cause of resistance is unknown. To identify novel mechanisms of resistance we executed a genome-wide siRNA screen in PC9 cells, an EGFR-TKI sensitive NSCLC cell line. We completed the screen in untreated and drug treated conditions, and selected hits as those genes that had a significantly different effect on survival in drug treated conditions compared to untreated controls. RNAi-mediated knockdown of DEPTOR, a negative regulator of mTOR, increased resistance of PC9 cells to erlotinib (an EGFR-TKI). Cells depleted of DEPTOR have higher levels of mTOR signaling as seen by greater phosphorylation of AKT, and SGK1 substrate NDRG1. DEPTOR loss leads to enhanced resistance to erlotinib treatment by increasing abundance of EGFR protein, thereby augmenting MAPK signaling in basal and erlotinib treated conditions. This upregulation of EGFR appears dependent on mTOR activation, as mTOR kinase inhibitors can resensitize DEPTOR deficient cells to erlotinib treatment. Also, combination treatment of erlotinib with a MEK inhibitor restores sensitivity to erlotinib of cells in which DEPTOR expression has been reduced, indicating increased MAPK signaling contributes to resistance in these cells. mTOR activation is known to cause DEPTOR degradation, therefore our results may have implications for a wide subset of NSCLC where mTOR signaling is upregulated.
The Netherlands Introduces Some Competition Into the Health Services
Authors: A. J. P. Schrijvers
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Histologically advanced chronic hepatitis C treated with recombinant alpha-interferon: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind cross-over study
Authors: Jens Otto Sieck, Michael Edward Ellis, Osman Alfurayh, Muhammad Ashraf Ali, Hatim Abdalla Ali, Asif Ayub, Mohammed Al-Fadda, Mohammed Zafar, Magid Halim, Stener Stenbjerg Bernvil, Jalal Saour, Abdullah Al-Hokail, Maria Lorena Abate
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1993)
Some Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome May Have Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency
Authors: John S. Leeds, Andrew D. Hopper, Reena Sidhu, Alison Simmonette, Narges Azadbakht, Nigel Hoggard, Stephen Morley, David S. Sanders
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2009)

Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) might have other underlying pathologies. Pancreatic disease can be elusive-especially in the early stages, and some symptoms overlap with those of IBS. We evaluated the prevalence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in diarrhea-predominant IBS (D-IBS) and assessed the effects of pancreatic enzyme supplementation.The study included patients who met the Rome II criteria for D-IBS, patients with chronic diarrhea, and subjects without diarrhea (controls). Subjects' baseline weight, stool frequency, stool consistency (using the Bristol score), and fecal elastase-1 (Fel-1) levels were determined. Patients were assessed using British Society of Gastroenterology IBS guidelines. Patients with Fel-1 levels less than 100 microg/g stool (indicating pancreatic exocrine insufficiency; group 1) were compared with age- and sex-matched patients with D-IBS and normal levels of Fel-1 (group 2), given pancreatic enzyme therapy, and reassessed at 12 weeks.Fel-1 levels were less than 100 microg/g in stool from 19 of 314 patients with D-IBS (6.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.7%-9.3%), none of the 105 patients with chronic diarrhea (95% CI, 0.0%-3.5%), and none of 95 controls (95% CI, 0.0-3.8%) (P < .001). After enzyme supplementation, improvements in stool frequency (P < .001), stool consistency (P < .001), and abdominal pain (P = .003) were observed in patients in group 1, but not in group 2.Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency was detected in 6.1% of patients who fulfilled the Rome II criteria for D-IBS. In these patients, pancreatic enzyme therapy might reduce diarrhea and abdominal pain. Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency should be considered in patients with D-IBS.
A SUCTION-CURET APPARATUS FOR ENDOMETRIAL BIOPSY
Authors: Emil Novak
Journal: JAMA (1935)

A suction-curet apparatus for endometrial biopsy is described. The primary application of the apparatus is in the determination of ovulation in cases of infertility. An electric motor suction apparatus is employed instead of suction by syringe. The curved tube cannula is preferred to the straight instrument, and can usually be inserted without dilation of the cervix. The method can also be used for diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the uterus, hyperplasia of the endometrium, the study of indocrinopathic amenorrhea, and for obtaining fertilized ovum at very early stages of implantation.
Interaction of monocytes with cocultures of human aortic wall cells involves interleukins 1 and 6 with marked increases in connexin43 message.
Authors: M Navab, F Liao, G P Hough, L A Ross, B J Van Lenten, T B Rajavashisth, A J Lusis, H Laks, D C Drinkwater, A M Fogelman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Medium from cocultures of human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) and smooth muscle cells (HASMC) taken from the same donor contained approximately two- to fourfold more macrophage colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and up to 5.1-fold more transforming growth factor beta than could be accounted for by the sum of the activities of media from equivalent numbers of HAEC and HASMC cultured separately. After pulse labeling, immunoprecipitated [35S]fibronectin and [14C]collagen were also found to be substantially increased in the coculture compared to the sum of HAEC and HASMC cultured separately. The cocultivation of HAEC and HASMC resulted in a 2.7-fold increase in connexin43 messenger RNA. When direct physical contact between HAEC and HASMC was prevented by a membrane that was permeable to medium, the levels of [35S]fibronectin and [14C]collagen in the coculture were significantly reduced. Monocytes cultured alone contained low levels of [35S]fibronectin and [14C]collagen but when added to the coculture there was up to a 22-fold increase in [35S]fibronectin and a 1.9-fold increase in [14C]collagen compared to the coculture alone. The increase in fibronectin was prevented in the presence of neutralizing antibody to interleukin 1 and antibody to interleukin 6 by 45% and 67%, respectively. Addition of monocytes to cocultures also induced the levels of mRNA for connexin43 by 2.8-fold. We conclude that the interaction of HAEC, HASMC, and monocytes in coculture can result in marked increases in the levels of several biologically important molecules and that increased gap junction formation between the cells and interleukins 1 and 6 may be partially responsible for these changes.
Intracranial Meningioma in Factor IX Deficiency
Authors: Seymour Gendelman
Journal: JAMA (1978)

RECENT advances in hemophilia research and development have led to a considerable decrease in mortality and morbidity in congenital factor VIII and IX deficiency states. Intracranial surgical intervention, once a procedure to be avoided except as a last-resort laternative, can now be used as readily as it would be in patients without these hemorrhagic disorders.<sup>1-4</sup>The availability of concentrated factors VIII and IX and methods for calculating and quantitating their in vivo levels and halflives have revolutionized the treatment of hemophilia.<sup>5</sup>As stated by Britten,<sup>6</sup>the problem in 1959, had changed "from how to stay alive to how to keep well" and in 1971, "from how to keep well to how to live well." Intracranial complications in hemophiliacs have long been recognized. Intracranial neoplasms, however, have been rarely reported.<sup>7</sup>The establishment of the successful evaluation, diagnosis, and surgical removal of an intracranial neoplasm has never been
DANGERS OF TETANUS ON PUBLIC BEACHES
Authors: Percy Fridenberg
Journal: JAMA (1935)

ABSTRACT To the Editor:— In the instructive and interesting survey by Drs. Miller and Rogers of the present status of tetanus (The Journal, January 19, p. 186) I note the following passage: Ordinary wounds acquired in the home or in clean places [italics mine], free from possible fecal contamination, or while bathing at the  [italics mine], should not require the injection [of antitetanus serum]. Many medical practitioners have the experience, or at least the impression, that shore injuries are often complicated by tetanus. Few metropolitan beaches, if any, are free from possible fecal contamination. Wreckage containing rusty nails, wire and corroded metal, odds and ends of garbage and other jetsam and flotsam, broken clam shells and bottles, sharp stones, wood splinters, and so on, are present in abundance. Of thirty-three cases listed in abstract by the authors of the paper, nine at least gave a history of injuries such as
Old People and Mental Hospitals
Authors: F. Fish
Journal: BMJ (1965)

just below the level of the tracheal bifurcation.The parents, on questioning, were unaware that he had swallowed anything unusual.At oesophagoscopy a halfpenny was found at approximately 20.5 cm.from the upper incisors.The surrounding mucosa was injected but not ulcerated.The coin was removed without diffi- culty.It was discoloured a dark green.It is a matter of speculation as to how long the coin had been in his oesophagus, but its discoloration would indicate at least a few days.It is of interest that its presence produced rela- tively little discomfort.
Radionuclide Imaging With SPECT/CT in Suspected Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage
Authors: Sibel Ucak Semirgin, Tark Basoglu, Cengiz Cokluk, Zeliha Sahin
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Accurate anatomic localization of the leakage site can often be troublesome with planar radionuclide cisternography. The findings of a pilot study demonstrating the usefulness of SPECT/CT fusion imaging in cerebrospinal fluid leakage are presented in this report. Eight patients were imaged with SPECT/CT following conventional planar radionuclide cisternography. In all but one of the patients, radiologic imaging (CT and/or MRI) was performed. SPECT/CT could identify the leakage site in greater number of patients. It is concluded that SPECT/CT performs a more privileged role compared with conventional planar imaging in the detection and anatomic localization of cerebrospinal fluid leakage.
The Spectrum of Intent in Fatal Child Abuse-Reply
Authors: George Gellert
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —McClain et al state that they did not use the word "intentional" to describe their data on child abuse and neglect, thereby raising an important issue about nomenclature. Their estimate may include cases that are "completely unintentional." They state that "it is not as important to assign blame as it is to identify addressable risk factors." We regret this misquote but are left with a dilemma. What terms should be used to differentiate fatal child abuse and neglect from child deaths unrelated to abuse or neglect? Perhaps it would be more useful to address the "responsibility" of behavior rather than the "intent" of thought. This still leaves us with a judgment as to what distinguishes an individual case of fatal child abuse and neglect from other deaths. For an individual case we may still want to address our judgment of the caretaker's apparent intent as we make our