tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Detection of Fetal Heart Movement in First Trimester of Pregnancy using Pulsed Ultrasound
Authors: H. P. Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1972)

A method is reported by which the presence or absence of fetal heart movement may be reliably detected by an abdominal approach from the 48th day of pregnancy onwards (menstrual age). The technique involves the use of commercially available diagnostic sonar apparatus using two display and time position modes in combination. A series of 106 examinations on 56 patients in early pregnancy is presented in which there were no false results.
Sudden Cardiac Arrest During Sports Activity in Middle Age
Authors: Eloi Marijon, Audrey Uy-Evanado, Kyndaron Reinier, Carmen Teodorescu, Kumar Narayanan, Xavier Jouven, Karen Gunson, Jonathan Jui, Sumeet S. Chugh
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Sports-associated sudden cardiac arrests (SCAs) occur mostly during middle age. We sought to determine the burden, characteristics, and outcomes of SCA during sports among middle-aged residents of a large US community. Patients with SCA who were 35 to 65 years of age were identified in a large, prospective, population-based study (2002-2013), with systematic and comprehensive assessment of their lifetime medical history. Of the 1247 SCA cases, 63 (5%) occurred during sports activities at a mean age of 51.1±8.8 years, yielding an incidence of 21.7 (95% confidence interval, 8.1-35.4) per 1 million per year. The incidence varied significantly by sex, with a higher incidence among men (relative risk, 18.68; 95% confidence interval, 2.50-139.56) for sports SCAs compared with all other SCAs (relative risk 2.58; 95% confidence interval, 2.12-3.13). Sports SCA was also more likely to be a witnessed event (87% versus 53%; P<0.001) with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (44% versus 25%; P=0.001) and ventricular fibrillation (84% versus 51%; P<0.0001). Survival to hospital discharge was higher for sports-associated SCA (23.2% versus 13.6%; P=0.04). Sports SCA cases presented with known preexisting cardiac disease in 16% and ≥1 cardiovascular risk factors in 56%, and overall, 36% of cases had typical cardiovascular symptoms during the week preceding the SCA. Sports-associated SCA in middle age represents a relatively small proportion of the overall SCA burden, reinforcing the idea of the high-benefit, low-risk nature of sports activity. Especially in light of current population aging trends, our findings emphasize that targeted education could maximize both safety and acceptance of sports activity in the older athlete.
Does a family history of cancer increase the risk of occurrence, growth, and recurrence of colorectal adenomas?
Authors: K Almendingen
Journal: Gut (2003)

<b>Background:</b> Familial history of colorectal cancer (FHCRC) is a recognised risk factor for sporadic CRC. The relationship to the growth rate of adenomas is largely unknown. Lifestyle related factors, which may also cluster in families, are also recognised risk factors for adenomas and CRC. <b>Aims:</b> To study the relationships between FHCRC and family history of other cancers (FHOC) among first degree relatives in relation to occurrence, growth, and recurrence of adenomas. <b>Patients and methods:</b> Eighty seven patients with adenomas, participating in a double blind, three year, placebo controlled, endoscopic follow up and intervention study of growth and recurrence of polyps (50% men, 50–76 years). Polyps &gt;9 mm were removed whereas the remainder and newly discovered polyps &lt;10 mm were left in situ for three years before removal and histological diagnosis. Data were collected by means of dietary records, interviews, and questionnaires. <b>Results:</b> The adenoma cases with FHCRC had a fourfold higher risk of adenoma growth. In contrast, no significant association was found for adenoma recurrence. FHOC was not significantly related to increased risk of growth or recurrence. Family history showed no significant association with the risk of baseline adenoma occurrence. Adjustment for CRC risk factors, also known to cluster in families, did not alter the results. <b>Conclusions:</b> FHCRC seems to be a strong risk factor for adenoma growth, but not for the earlier phases of CRC development such as the initiation of adenomas.
How to Keep Up with the Medical Literature: IV. Using the Literature to Solve Clinical Problems
Authors: R. BRIAN HAYNES
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Ideally, searches for published articles to solve clinical problems should lead to the best evidence on a given topic quickly and at reasonable expense. This goal can be achieved with modern information skills, sources, and services. In this article, we describe and compare various means, from textbooks to computers, that provide access to information of potential value in addressing clinical problems as they arise. Using the problem of understanding and controlling the risk for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome among personnel of a community hospital, we examined the following sources for their utility in locating journal literature: general and specialty medical texts, personal reprint collections, expert clinicians, recent journal issues, library textbook collections, the Index Medicus "Bibliography of Reviews" and subject index, and MEDLINE computer searching. For this problem, Index Medicus and MEDLINE were the best sources of up-to-date articles, but MEDLINE was three times as fast.
Reasons for Failure to Diagnose Colorectal Carcinoma at Colonoscopy
Authors: M. Leaper, M. J. Johnston, M. Barclay, B. R. Dobbs, F. A. Frizelle
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Background and Study Aims: Colonoscopy can produce false-negative results, and the reasons for this remain obscure. The aim of this study was to examine why cancers are missed at colonoscopy. Patients and Methods: All colonoscopies carried out at Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand, over a 43-month period (1 October 1997 - 30 April 2001) were retrospectively analyzed (the data having been prospectively collected). All cases of colorectal carcinoma during the period 1 October 1997 - 30 July 2001 (3 months longer, to capture delayed diagnoses) were also identified. The two databases were then compared, and all cases in which a colonoscopy had been performed more than 6 weeks before a colorectal carcinoma specimen being received by the pathology department were identified and analyzed. Results: A total of 5055 colonoscopies were undertaken in 4598 patients. Over this period, 630 colorectal carcinomas were identified in the pathology database; 286 of the patients affected were in the colonoscopy and pathology database. Sixty-six patients had had a colonoscopy performed more than 6 weeks before the diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma. Carcinoma was identified in 48 of these 66 patients, and management was being provided. Seventeen cancers (5.9 %) were missed at colonoscopy, and the patients had had an incomplete colonoscopy in nine of these cases. In seven of the 17, an alternative benign cause was recorded. In four patients, a lesion was seen and thought to be benign, although subsequently proven not to be. In another four cases, the cancer was not diagnosed despite adequate bowel preparation and what was thought by the colonoscopist to be an adequate colonoscopy. Conclusions: Colonoscopy missed 17 of 286 cancers (5.9 %). The reasons why cancers were missed relate to incomplete colonoscopy, poor bowel preparation, misinterpretation of what was seen, failure to carry out adequate biopsy (and follow-up) of lesions seen, and systems failures related to follow-up investigations in patients who had an incomplete colonoscopy. The fact that colonoscopy and barium enema investigations may fail to diagnose cancers has important medicolegal implications. The recognition that colonoscopy may miss a cancer should encourage doctors to reinvestigate patients when there is a lack of correlation between the clinical and investigative findings.
Retinal Detachment After Cataract Removal-Reply
Authors: Jack Hartstein
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In Reply.—  I appreciate the opportunity to respond to the letters of both Dr Perlstein and Dr Williams commenting on my reply inThe Journal.  I am afraid both gentlemen missed the point! The original question was whether to recommend phacoemulsification for the right eye in this elderly patient, and I was merely trying to point out that phacoemulsification was contraindicated.  I furthermore did not state exclusively that the patient should be operated on and fitted with an extended-wear contact lens. The statement says that I would recommend either an extended-wear lens or a pair of improved cataract glasses. Both alternatives were offered. I furthermore stated that the cataract should be removed by either the intracapsular or extracapsular route, as contrasted with phacoemulsification. I did not intend to get into a discussion as to whether the intracapsular or extracapsular route was the safer of the two. It may well be
Haptoglobin and Hemolytic Disease-Reply
Authors: Anthony Marchand
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In Reply.—  In reference to the letter by Dr Fehr, the diagnosis in the cases presented was based on final clinical impressions after the patient's complete hospital stay, treatment, and recovery. Red blood cell survival studies were not performed. It would be of interest to see correlation data between haptoglobin and RBC half-life under the following conditions: (1) assays for serum haptoglobin value using nephelometric techniques, (2) RBC survival studies performed by accepted methods, (3) large enough sample size to ensure statistical significance and to include nonhemolytic control patients with inflammation or neoplasia.  The RBC survival at which significantly decreased levels of haptoglobin occur may be less than days, as suggested by Nosslin and Nyman. 1 Finally, it is not claimed that the nephelometric determination of serum haptoglobin value is 100% sensitive; however, on a prospective basis, this procedure has proved clinically useful in our institution for diagnosis of hemolysis.
Differential effects of chronic membrane depolarization on the K+ channel activities in cultured rat ventricular cells
Authors: W Guo
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Although there is widespread interest in the regulation of K+ channel gene expression by membrane depolarization, its effects on cardiac ion channel activity remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the influences of chronic membrane depolarization on the functional expression of K+ channels in cultured rat cardiomyocytes.Single ventricular cells isolated from day-old rat hearts were cultured for nearly 10 days. From day 6, chronic depolarization induced by elevating the K+ concentration of growth medium to 20 mM was developed for 72 h. Whole-cell patch-clamp techniques were used to record action potentials and ion currents.Compared with controls, longer action potential durations associated with relatively positive resting potentials were observed after 72-h high K+ incubation. Chronic membrane depolarization caused a significantly reduced density of transient outward current (Ito) without affecting the channel kinetics and voltage-dependence. Delayed rectifier K+ current (IK) in cultured cells could be inhibited by E-4031, showing the drug-sensitive and -resistant components with different kinetic properties. The E-4031-sensitive current activated rapidly, and the drug-resistant current was characterized by slow activation. Both the rapid (IKr) and slow (IKs) components constituted IK recorded from the control and depolarization-treated cells, while in the latter group the current density of IKr was slightly increased and that of IKs was enhanced by 80% with a small hyperpolarizing shift (5 mV) in the voltage-dependent activation curve.These observations suggest that the effects of chronic membrane depolarization differ depending on the phenotype of the cardiac K+ channels.
Massive and Prolonged Administration of Iron-Dextran Complex
Authors: Laurance V. Foye, Thomas V. Feichtmeir
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

THE development of sarcomas in rats after the repeated administration of massive doses of iron-dextran complex has been reported by Richmond1 and confirmed by Haddow and Horning.2 The latter were able to demonstrate the same phenomenon in mice and, to a very minor degree, in hamsters. In approximately two thirds of the rats and mice (86 of 130) given weekly subcutaneous injections of iron-dextran complex§ spindle-cell sarcomas developed at the injection site in the ensuing six to eighteen months. It must be noted that the weekly dose in these studies was several times the animal's body content of iron, or . . .
The role of tumor suppressor p15Ink4b in the regulation of hematopoietic progenitor cell fate
Authors: R Humeniuk, M Rosu-Myles, J Fares, R Koller, J Bies, L Wolff
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2013)

Epigenetic silencing of the tumor suppressor gene p15Ink4b (CDKN2B) is a frequent event in blood disorders like acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. The molecular function of p15Ink4b in hematopoietic differentiation still remains to be elucidated. Our previous study demonstrated that loss of p15Ink4b in mice results in skewing of the differentiation pattern of the common myeloid progenitor towards the myeloid lineage. Here, we investigated a function of p15Ink4b tumor suppressor gene in driving erythroid lineage commitment in hematopoietic progenitors. It was found that p15Ink4b is expressed more highly in committed megakaryocyte–erythroid progenitors than granulocyte–macrophage progenitors. More importantly, mice lacking p15Ink4b have lower numbers of primitive red cell progenitors and a severely impaired response to 5-fluorouracil- and phenylhydrazine-induced hematopoietic stress. Introduction of p15Ink4b into multipotential progenitors produced changes at the molecular level, including activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase\extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK/ERK) signaling, increase GATA-1, erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) and decrease Pu1, GATA-2 expression. These changes rendered cells more permissive to erythroid commitment and less permissive to myeloid commitment, as demonstrated by an increase in early burst-forming unit-erythroid formation with concomitant decrease in myeloid colonies. Our results indicate that p15Ink4b functions in hematopoiesis, by maintaining proper lineage commitment of progenitors and assisting in rapid red blood cells replenishment following stress.
Air force doctor imprisoned for refusing third tour in Iraq
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

A Royal Air Force doctor who refused orders to return to Iraq was last week sentenced by a court martial to eight months imprisonment and dismissal from the air force. Flight lieutenant Malcolm Kendall-Smith, aged 37, told the court martial at Aldershot that in his first two tours in Iraq he came to believe that he was participating in an “imperial campaign of military conquest” by the United States.

During heated exchanges with prosecuting counsel David Perry, Dr Kendall-Smith accused US forces of “acts of aggression in Iraq and systematically applied war crimes,” which, he said, “provide …
Platelets in leucocyte recruitment and function
Authors: Jan Rossaint, Alexander Zarbock
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2015)

Platelets have a longstanding recognition as an essential cellular component of the coagulation system. However, substantial research over the last decade has added another important aspect to platelet function in that they are also an integral part of the innate immune system. Complex organisms are facing a constant threat of infections by invading pathogens, and they have developed a sophisticated and elegant measure to combat this threat, namely the immune system. Leucocyte recruitment to sites of infections is an essential step at the forefront of the immune response. Platelets have been shown to be involved in several steps of this process and they are an integrated connecting element among haemostasis, host defence, and additional immunological functions (e.g. neutrophil extracellular traps formation). However, the immune system also requires a tight regulation, as an overshooting immune response carries the risk of harming the host itself. This review aims at highlighting the unique features and molecular mechanisms that allow for the interactions of platelets and leucocytes and the regulation of this process. Furthermore, this article identifies the functional relevance of these events for the immune response.
Surgical bifascicular block.
Authors: D B Pahlajani, M Serratto, A Mehta, R A Miller, A Hastreiter, K M Rosen
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Electrophysiological studies were performed in 18 patients who developed bifascicular block after repair of ventricular septal defect (VSD) or tetralogy of Fallot (TF). Two had transient complete heart block (CHB) in the immediate postoperative period. The P-A intervals were normal in all. A-H and H-V intervals were prolonged in three and four cases, respectively. Atrial pacing at progressively increasing heart rates was performed in 15 patients; two developed type II block distal to the His bundle (H). The effective and functional refractory periods (ERP and FRP) of the atrium (11 cases) were normal in all. The ERP of the A-V node (seven cases) was prolonged in found and the FRP was increased in three. The ERP of the ventricular specialized conduction system was measured in two cases and was prolonged in one. In all, seven cases had abnormalities indicating disease of the A-V node and/or His-Purkinje system. Recording of intervals, atrial pacing, and determination of refractory periods (RPs) was necessary to reveal all conduction abnormalities. One patient died of unrelated causes. The others are alive and in sinus rhythm with intact conduction 3 to 16.5 years following surgery (mean follow-up of 8.3 plus or minus 0.95 years). The clinical course in patients with normal and abnormal findings was equally benign. Prophylactic insertion of demand pacemakers does not appear indicated in these patients.
T Lymphocytes Amplify the Anabolic Activity of Parathyroid Hormone through Wnt10b Signaling
Authors: Masakazu Terauchi, Jau-Yi Li, Brahmchetna Bedi, Ki-Hyun Baek, Hesham Tawfeek, Sarah Galley, Linda Gilbert, Mark S. Nanes, Majd Zayzafoon, Robert Guldberg, David L. Lamar, Meredith A. Singer, Timothy F. Lane, Henry M. Kronenberg, M. Neale Weitzmann, Roberto Pacifici
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2009)
Intraindividual, right-left comparison of topical methyl aminolaevulinate-photodynamic therapy and cryotherapy in subjects with actinic keratoses: a multicentre, randomized controlled study
Authors: C. Morton, S. Campbell, G. Gupta, S. Keohane, J. Lear, I. Zaki, S. Walton, N. Kerrouche, G. Thomas, P. Soto
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Background Actinic keratosis (AK), the most common premalignant skin condition, can represent a management challenge. Treatment should not only be effective, but also well tolerated and allow for good cosmesis on typical sun‐exposed highly visible body sites. Objectives The primary objective was to compare the lesion response and subject preference for topical methyl aminolaevulinate (MAL)‐photodynamic therapy (PDT) vs. cryotherapy for the treatment of AK. Methods In this 24‐week, multicentre, randomized, intraindividual (right–left) study, subjects received both one treatment session of MAL‐PDT and a double freeze–thaw cryotherapy; the treatments were randomly allocated to either side of the face/scalp. Lesions with a noncomplete response were retreated after 12 weeks. The primary assessments were the subject's overall preference and lesion response at week 24. Secondary assessments included lesion response at week 12, cosmetic outcome, subject and investigator cosmetic outcome preference at week 24, and investigator overall preference at week 24. Skin discomfort and adverse events were also evaluated. Results In total, 119 subjects with 1501 lesions were included in the study. At week 12, treatment with MAL‐PDT resulted in a significantly larger rate of cured lesions relative to cryotherapy (percentage lesion reduction from baseline: 86·9% vs. 76·2%; P < 0·001). At week 24, both treatment groups showed a high rate of cured lesions (89·1% for MAL‐PDT vs. 86·1% for cryotherapy; P = 0·20; 95% confidence interval: −1·62 to 7·67). Results for subject and investigator preferences as well as cosmetic outcome favoured MAL‐PDT. Both treatment regimens were safe and well tolerated. Conclusions The present study shows that, when treated with both MAL‐PDT and cryotherapy, subjects significantly prefer MAL‐PDT treatment for AK. MAL‐PDT is an attractive treatment option for AK, with comparable efficacy and superior cosmetic outcomes compared with double freeze–thaw cryotherapy.
Severe Pulmonary Embolism Associated with Air Travel
Authors: Frédéric Lapostolle, Vanessa Surget, Stephen W. Borron, Michel Desmaizières, Didier Sordelet, Claude Lapandry, Michel Cupa, Frédéric Adnet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Air travel is believed to be a risk factor for pulmonary embolism, but the relation between pulmonary embolism and distance flown has not been documented. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the duration of air travel is related to the risk of pulmonary embolism.From November 1993 to December 2000, we systematically reviewed all cases of pulmonary embolism requiring medical care on arrival at France's busiest international airport. Data on the geographic origins of all flights and the numbers of passengers were collected in order to evaluate the incidence of pulmonary embolism per 1 million passenger arrivals as a function of the distance traveled.A total of 135.29 million passengers from 145 countries or other areas arrived at Charles de Gaulle Airport during the period of the study, of whom 56 had confirmed pulmonary embolism. The incidence of pulmonary embolism was much higher among passengers traveling more than 5000 km (3000 mi) (1.5 cases per million, as compared with 0.01 case per million among those traveling less than 5000 km). The incidence of pulmonary embolism was 4.8 cases per million for those traveling more than 10,000 km (6000 mi).A greater distance traveled is a significant contributing risk factor for pulmonary embolism associated with air travel.
A MicroRNA Expression Signature for Cervical Cancer Prognosis
Authors: Xiaoxia Hu, Julie K. Schwarz, James S. Lewis, Phyllis C. Huettner, Janet S. Rader, Joseph O. Deasy, Perry W. Grigsby, Xiaowei Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Invasive cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide, resulting in about 300,000 deaths each year. The clinical outcomes of cervical cancer vary significantly and are difficult to predict. Thus, a method to reliably predict disease outcome would be important for individualized therapy by identifying patients with high risk of treatment failures before therapy. In this study, we have identified a microRNA (miRNA)-based signature for the prediction of cervical cancer survival. miRNAs are a newly identified family of small noncoding RNAs that are extensively involved in human cancers. Using an established PCR-based miRNA assay to analyze 102 cervical cancer samples, we identified miR-200a and miR-9 as two miRNAs that could predict patient survival. A logistic regression model was developed based on these two miRNAs and the prognostic value of the model was subsequently validated with independent cervical cancers. Furthermore, functional studies were done to characterize the effect of miRNAs in cervical cancer cells. Our results suggest that both miR-200a and miR-9 could play important regulatory roles in cervical cancer control. In particular, miR-200a is likely to affect the metastatic potential of cervical cancer cells by coordinate suppression of multiple genes controlling cell motility.