tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abnormal sialic acid content of the dysfibrinogenemia associated with liver disease.
Authors: J Martinez, J E Palascak, D Kwasniak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

To evaluate the possibility that the carbohydrate composition of fibrinogen may be altered in the dysfibrinogenemia associated with liver disease, we studied the sialic acid content of purified fibrinogen from 12 patients with liver disease and its relationship to the prolongation of the thrombin time. Purified fibrinogen showed that Aalpha-, Bbeta-, and gamma-chains when reduced and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and exhibited prolongation of the thrombin time similar to that of the plasma from which it was derived. Sialic acid content of the purified fibrinogen ranged from 12.7 to 71.4% higher in patient fibrinogens when compared to normal controls. A progressive delay in thrombin time was associated with increasing sialic acid content of the patient fibrinogen. Enzymatic removal of sialic acid from four of the abnormal fibrinogens resulted in a shortening of their thrombin times to the range of the desialylated normal control. Periodic acid-Schiff reagent stained only the Bbeta- and gamma-chains of the reduced patient fibrinogens after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis suggesting that the excess sialic acid is located on these two chains. These studies demonstrate a biochemical alteration of the functionally abnormal fibrinogen found in some patients with liver disease, and indicate that the excess sialic acid plays an important role in the functional defect of this protein.
Peppers, Capsaicin, and the Gastric Mucosa-Reply
Authors: David Y. Graham
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply. —</h3> Dr Holzer failed to find gastric mucosal injury after local administration of pure capsaicin to rats. Capsaicin is the active ingredient in chili peppers, but capsaicin is not the same as peppers. For example, there is evidence that the direct administration of red peppers in the stomach is associated with mucosal damage, as evidenced by bleeding and increased exfoliation of surface cells. In contrast, when jalapeño peppers are administered with food there is no visible damage. We previously reported "that the long term result of daily pepper administration is unknown. Whether spices have a detrimental effect, a beneficial effect (inducing an adaptive cytotective response) or no significant long term effect on the gastric mucosa is unknown and deserves further study." Spicy food seems safe. We found no gastric mucosal abnormalities after ingestion of highly spiced foods,<sup>1</sup>and previous studies have shown that the administration of large
Yield of HIV-associated tuberculosis during intensified case finding in resource-limited settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Katharina Kranzer, Rein MGJ Houben, Judith R Glynn, Linda-Gail Bekker, Robin Wood, Stephen D Lawn
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2010)

Intensified case finding is the regular screening for evidence of tuberculosis in people infected with HIV, at high risk of HIV, or living in congregate settings. We systematically reviewed studies of intensified case finding published between January, 1994, and April, 2009. In 78 eligible studies, the number of people with tuberculosis detected during intensified case finding varied substantially between countries and target groups of patients. Median prevalence of newly diagnosed tuberculosis was 0.7% in population-based surveys, 2.2% in contact-tracing studies, 2.3% in mines, 2.3% in programmes preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV, 2.5% in prisons, 8.2% in medical and antiretroviral treatment clinics, and 8.5% in voluntary counselling and testing services. Metaregression analysis of studies that included only people with HIV showed that for each increment in national prevalence of tuberculosis of 100 cases per 100 000 population, intensified case finding identified an additional one case per 100 screened individuals (p=0.03). Microbiological sputum examination of all individuals without prior selection by symptom screening yielded an additional four cases per 100 individuals screened (p=0.05). Data on the use of serial screening, treatment outcomes in actively identified cases of tuberculosis, and cost-effectiveness, however, were lacking. Concerted action is needed to develop intensified case finding as an important method for control of tuberculosis.
Liver damage as a potential source of error in the estimation of myocardial infarct size from plasma creatine kinase activity
Authors: R J OOSTENBROEK, G M WILLEMS, M L L BOUMANS, P B SOETERS, W T HERMENS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

The occurrence of liver damage was investigated in patients with uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Cumulative plasma release of creatine kinase (CK) and alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBD) was compared with release of alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Up to 48 h after AMI, the appearance of ALT could be fully explained by myocardial ALT release. Thereafter additional release of ALT occurred, indicating liver damage. A possible effect of liver function on the rate of elimination of CK from plasma was studied in the dog. Complete temporary arrest of hepatic blood supply was obtained after previous implantation of a portacaval shunt, ligation of secondary inflows and blockade of retrograde perfusion. Neither these preliminary haemodynamic interventions nor the acute arrest of hepatic blood flow had any effect on the disappearance rate of CK from plasma. It is concluded that some liver damage commonly occurs in patients after AMI. However, this phenomenon does not interfere with the estimation of infarct size because the elimination of CK from plasma is unaltered during total hepatic ischaemia.
A Clinical Prediction Rule for Renal Artery Stenosis
Authors: Pieta Krijnen, Brigit C. Van Jaarsveld, Ewout W. Steyerberg, Arie J. Man In 'T Veld, Maarten A.D.H. Schalekamp, J. Dik F. Habbema
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: Renal artery stenosis is a rare cause of hypertension. The gold standard for diagnosing renal artery stenosis, renal angiography, is invasive and costly. Objective: To develop a prediction rule for renal artery stenosis from clinical characteristics that can be used to select patients for renal angiography. Design: Logistic regression analysis of data from a prospective cohort of patients suspected of having renal artery stenosis. A prediction rule was derived from the regression model for use in clinical practice. Setting: 26 hypertension clinics in the Netherlands. Patients: 477 hypertensive patients who underwent renal angiography because they had drug-resistant hypertension or an increase in serum creatinine concentration during therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Results: Age, sex, atherosclerotic vascular disease, recent onset of hypertension, smoking history, body mass index, presence of an abdominal bruit, serum creatinine concentration, and serum cholesterol level were selected as predictors. The regression model was reliable (goodness-of-fit test, P > 0.2) and discriminated well between patients with stenosis and those with essential hypertension (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve, 0.84). The diagnostic accuracy of the regression model was similar to that of renal scintigraphy, which had a sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 90%. Conclusions: In the diagnostic workup of patients suspected of having renal artery stenosis, the clinical prediction rule can be considered as an alternative to renal scintigraphy. It can help to select patients for renal angiography in an efficient manner by reducing the number of angiographic procedures without the risk for missing many renal artery stenoses.
Early Regeneration of Thymic Progenitors in Rhesus Macaques Infected with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Joanna J. Wykrzykowska, Michael Rosenzweig, Ronald S. Veazey, Meredith A. Simon, Katherine Halvorsen, Ronald C. Desrosiers, R. Paul Johnson, Andrew A. Lackner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

The thymus plays a critical role in the maturation and production of T lymphocytes and is a target of infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the related simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Using the SIV/macaque model of AIDS, we examined the early effects of SIV on the thymus. We found that thymic infection by SIV resulted in increased apoptosis 7–14 d after infection, followed by depletion of thymocyte progenitors by day 21. A marked rebound in thymocyte progenitors occurred by day 50 and was accompanied by increased levels of cell proliferation in the thymus. Our results demonstrate a marked increase in thymic progenitor activity very early in the course of SIV infection, long before marked declines in peripheral CD4+ T cell counts.
Issues of implementation matter for representation
Authors: Francisco Calvo Garzón
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

I argue that a dynamical framing of the emulation theory of representation may be at odds with its articulation in Grush's information-processing terms. An architectural constraint implicit in the emulation theory may have consequences not envisaged in the target article. In my view, “how the emulator manages to implement the forward mapping” is pivotal with regard to whether we have an emulation theory of representation, as opposed to an emulation theory of (mere) applied forces.
Adenosine triphosphate-dependent copper transport in human liver
Authors: Marjan Dijkstra, Gerrit J. van den Berg, Henk Wolters, Gerda In't Veld, Maarten J.H. Slooff, Hugo S.A. Heymans, Folkert Kuipers, Roel J. Vonk
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1996)
Comment on: Calleja et al. Insulin Resistance Is Associated With a Poor Response to Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Diabetes Care 2011;34:2413–2417
Authors: Sabareesh Natarajan, Adnan Siddiqui, Ajay Chaudhuri, Paresh Dandona
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

In a recent article, Calleja et al. (1) reported that insulin resistance (IR), as reflected in homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), is a major determinant of adverse outcomes in stroke treated with thrombolysis. Although the data are consistent with the conclusion, it is extremely important that adequate attention is given to plasma glucose concentrations, since they are known to affect outcomes even when they appear to be modestly elevated. Though the authors provide data on glucose concentrations at the time of presentation, they do not provide data on glucose and insulin concentrations prior to the …
Physiological modeling and extrapolation of pharmacokinetic interactions from binary to more complex chemical mixtures.
Authors: Kannan Krishnan, Sami Haddad, Martin Béliveau, Robert Tardif
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

The available data on binary interactions are yet to be considered within the context of mixture risk assessment because of our inability to predict the effect of a third or a fourth chemical in the mixture on the interacting binary pairs. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models represent a potentially useful framework for predicting the consequences of interactions in mixtures of increasing complexity. This article highlights the conceptual basis and validity of PBPK models for extrapolating the occurrence and magnitude of interactions from binary to more complex chemical mixtures. The methodology involves the development of PBPK models for all mixture components and interconnecting them at the level of the tissue where the interaction is occurring. Once all component models are interconnected at the binary level, the PBPK framework simulates the kinetics of all mixture components, accounting for the interactions occurring at various levels in more complex mixtures. This aspect was validated by comparing the simulations of a binary interaction-based PBPK model with experimental data on the inhalation kinetics of m-xylene, toluene, ethyl benzene, dichloromethane, and benzene in mixtures of varying composition and complexity. The ability to predict the kinetics of chemicals in complex mixtures by accounting for binary interactions alone within a PBPK model is a significant step toward the development of interaction-based risk assessment for chemical mixtures.
Nightmares From Digoxin
Authors: M. BREZIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1980Nightmares From DigoxinM. BREZIS, M.D., J. MICHAELI, M.D., R. HAMBURGER, M.D.M. BREZIS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. MICHAELI, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, R. HAMBURGER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-93-4-639_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Volpe and Soave (1) have reported visual hallucinations occurring in association with digitalis toxicity. We have recently observed a patient in whom digoxin intoxication was manifested on several occasions by nightmares.A 71-year-old man was admitted because of decompensated cardiac failure. In 1975, coronary artery bypass surgery was done and the mitral valve replaced because of high left anterior descending artery obstruction and documentation of mitral stenosis at catheterization. Two years later a permanent pacemaker was inserted after an episode of syncope and atrioventricular block. The patient's congestive heart failure was treated with digoxin, 0.25 mg/d, in...Reference1. VOLPESOAVE BR. Formed visual hallucinations as digitalis toxicity. Ann Intern Med. 1979;91:865-6. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Hadassah University Hospital Mount Scopus, Jerusalem Israel PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCardiac glycosidesSafe prescribing of physical health medication in patients with dementiaANTIDYSRHYTHMIC DRUGSCardiac glycosidesSleep disruption in critically ill patients ? pharmacological considerationsDrug-Induced NightmaresPsychiatric Aspects of Congestive Heart Failure: Implications for Consulting PsychiatristsNeurological complications of cardiovascular therapyAcute and chronic digitalis toxicity: Presentation and treatmentCardiac glycosides and drugs used in dysrhythmias 1 October 1980Volume 93, Issue 4Page: 639-640KeywordsCoronary arteriesHallucinationsHeart failureIntoxicationMitral stenosisPacemakersStenosisSurgerySyncopeToxicity Issue Published: 1 October 1980 PDF downloadLoading ...
Long-Term Monitoring of Infliximab Therapy for Perianal Fistulizing Crohn's Disease by Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Konstantinos Karmiris, Didier Bielen, Dirk Vanbeckevoort, Séverine Vermeire, Georges Coremans, Paul Rutgeerts, Gert Van Assche
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2010)
Nucleophosmin status may influence the therapeutic decision in de novo acute myeloid leukemia with normal karyotype
Authors: V Bardet, L D Costa, C Elie, S Malinge, C Demur, J Tamburini, P C Lefebvre, F Witz, B Lioure, E Jourdan, A Pigneux, N Ifrah, M Attal, F Dreyfus, P Mayeux, C Lacombe, A Bennaceur-Griscelli, O A Bernard, D Bouscary, C Récher
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Diagnosis and Treatment of Streptococcal Pharyngitis
Authors: David L. Tison
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The report of Krober et al<sup>1</sup>and the editorial by Fulginiti<sup>2</sup>in the March 1 issue ofThe Journalregarding the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis failed to address the importance of diagnostic methodologies for the identification of<i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i>(Lancefield group A streptococci). Krober et al state that "throat swabs were... plated immediately onto 5% sheep blood agar and streaked. They were then incubated in 5% CO2 at 35 °C for 18 to 24 hours. At this time, they were examined for the presence of group A β-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS)." They state that bacitracin disks were used to differentiate GABHS from non-GABHS, referencing the work of Facklam et al.<sup>3</sup> I interpret the method described by Krober et al to be that the bacitracin disk was placed on the primary plate and after 18 to 24 hours of incubation, GABHS were identified as β-hemolytic colonies
Incidence of salivary gland tumours in Scotland: accuracy of national records.
Authors: B Lennox, J A Clarke, F Drake, S W Ewen
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Statistics on discharge diagnoses in Scotland during 1968-74 show the incidence of all tumours of major salivary glands to exceed 40/million population yearly. This is higher than in any other nationality except Canadian Eskimos. Studies in two hospitals showed that numerous errors occurred in reporting these tumours, but the figures were more likely to be too low than too high. Probably eastern Scotland at least has an unusually high incidence, although in other countries using different methods of analysis the reported figures are likely to be low. Statistics based on discharge diagnoses will continue to be neglected in research until the standard of completion of discharge diagnoses improves.
A career in rheumatology
Authors: Inam Haq, Ian Giles
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Inam Haq and Ian Giles explain why you should seriously consider this expanding specialty Rheumatology covers a range of conditions from self limiting but troublesome musculoskeletal problems to progressive multisystem disorders. In developed countries, musculoskeletal and arthritic problems are the commonest cause of longstanding disability in adults. This is particularly true of back pain in under 50 year olds and osteoarthritis in older adults. Osteoporosis is a sizeable public health problem, with one in three women likely to have an osteoporotic fracture of the wrist, hip, or spine in their lifetime. As the population ages, musculoskeletal problems increase, and it is essential that there are rheumatologists to deal with these problems. Rheumatology affords an excellent opportunity to practise clinical medicine in its broadest sense. Rheumatologists are often called the last of the general physicians. Autoimmune diseases such as vasculitis and systemic lupus erythematosus affect many systems, so good general medical knowledge is essential. These conditions have profound psychosocial components, and rheumatologists need a broad, empathetic approach to management. This wide spectrum of disease makes the specialty both challenging and exciting. Rheumatology can be practised as a single specialty or in combination with general internal medicine. Practice has changed considerably over the past 15 years and is now predominantly a busy outpatient specialty, in which patients of all ages with a wide variety of acute and chronic musculoskeletal problems are seen (box 1). Paediatric rheumatology is a separate specialty, but specialists in adult rheumatology with an interest can do combined clinics. Rehabilitation medicine is also separate but has close links to rheumatology. ### Box 1: Conditions treated by rheumatologists Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Psoriatic arthritis Ankylosing spondylitis Reactive arthritis Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Scleroderma Vasculitis MyositisRETURN TO TEXT
Abdominal surgical emergencies in the puerperium.
Authors: A Munro, P F Jones
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Since surgical emergencies in the puerperium are rare, surgeons and obstetricians amass little experience of them. There may be considerable delay in making a diagnosis, firstly, because the abdominal symptoms are thought to be related to the pregnancy, and, secondly, because the signs are rarely convincing in contrast to the symptoms. Any of the common surgical emergencies may occur in pregnancy and the puerperium and there are some others that appear to be a particullar problem of the puerperium.
Human Sexual Response
Authors: John H. Talbott
Journal: JAMA (1966)

It is inevitable that one compare this treatise on the scientific evaluation of the deepest human passion with the comprehensive works by Kinsey on the human male and human female published more than a decade ago. The detailed description of the primary and secondary sexual organs of each sex is documented by Masters and Johnson with physiological observations— quantitative in several functions— of various responses during intercourse, including the nipple response, contracture of the rectal sphincter, ventilatory rate, heart rate, blood pressure, dermal flush, and sensible perspiration. The report comprises repetitive experience with a research population of 382 women and 312 men. One physiological observation frequently rumored, but never previously confirmed, concerns the sexual interest and sexual capacity of those eligible for Medicare. The oldest male in the study was 89 years of age. The factual presentation transcends any accusation that the work is pornographic to the unstimulated.
Sarcoidosis Presenting With Finger Pain
Authors: David J. Pierson, E. Stanley Willett
Journal: JAMA (1978)

THE CLINICAL onset of sarcoidosis is notoriously varied, with initial symptoms in any of several organ systems. Involvement of the skeleton is usually asymptomatic, however, and typically occurs in the course of established, generalized disease. We report the case of a patient with pain from an apparently isolated lytic bone lesion constituting the only presenting symptom. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 21-year-old man complained of pain and swelling of one month's duration at the tip of his right index finger. There was no history of trauma to the finger. Minimal swelling, redness, and palpation tenderness of the distal phalanx of the right index finger were the only physical findings. Roentgenographic examination of the hands demonstrated a 4-mm lytic lesion in the right index finger at the tip of the distal phalanx, with resorption of the terminal tuft (Fig 1). A chest roentgenogram showed prominent bilateral hilar adenopathy (Fig 2). Routine
Long-Acting Beta Agonists Enhance Allergic Airway Disease
Authors: John M. Knight, Garbo Mak, Joanne Shaw, Catherine McDermott, Luz Roberts, Ran You, Xiaoyi Yuan, Valentine O. Millien, Yuping Qian, Li-Zhen Song, Vincent Frazier, Choel Kim, Jeong j Kim, Richard Bond, Amber U. Luong, Farrah Kheradmand, John McMurray, Pijus K. Mandal, Pietro Morlacchi, Joshua D. Milner, David B. Corry
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Memory B and T Cells
Authors: E S Vitetta, M T Berton, C Burger, M Kepron, W T Lee, X M Yin
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (1991)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More