tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Is the Preceptorship an Anachronism?
Authors: Sigurd E. Sivertson
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The medical preceptorship program, begun in 1926 as a bold, new experiment in medical education at the University of Wisconsin, has been an integral part of the senior medical student's education at the University of Wisconsin for the past 45 years. 1,2 It has been designed to take the students out of the university environment and expose them to medical practice; to give them increasing responsibility under supervision of experienced, able practitioners, and to enable them to experience the intricacies of competitive practice.  The preceptorship originally began as a three-month program. However, as of September 1970, a new curriculum was adopted, and the program was reduced to eight weeks to correspond to the time sequence for other learning experiences provided senior students.  Seventeen full-time private practicing physicians, located in widespread areas of Wisconsin, are assigned one or more senior medical students every eight weeks throughout the year. Preceptorships vary in
Color Atlas of Anterior Segment Eye Diseases
Authors: John A. Buesseler
Journal: JAMA (1964)

This well-prepared and beautifully printed atlas is an outstanding addition to the currently available books on ophthalmology. As a teaching aid for medical students, interns, and ophthalmology resident physicians, it deserves to be on every medical school and teaching hospital library shelf. If available for ready reference in the office of the general practitioner, it could be a most valuable practical aid to his diagnosis of externally and grossly visible ocular disease processes. The practicing ophthalmologist will find it to be a superb collection of a wide range of external and anterior segment eye disorders, amply demonstrating the author's artistry as a photographer using his own simplified photographic technique. It cannot help but encourage one to make greater use of the camera in recording suitable manifestations of eye disease as seen in office and clinic practice. The book is divided into two major sections. The first consists of 11 brief
Stroke, Sickle Cell Trait, and Oral Contraceptives
Authors: JONATHAN G. GREENWALD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Letters and Comments1 June 1970Stroke, Sickle Cell Trait, and Oral ContraceptivesJONATHAN G. GREENWALD, M.D.JONATHAN G. GREENWALD, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-6-960_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In an excellent review of the association between oral contraceptives and cerebrovascular disease, Masi and Dugdale (Ann Intern Med 72:111-121, 1970) note that some of the patients reported had conditions predisposing to stroke (1). The importance of identifying those preexisting disorders that make a woman unsuitable for oral contraception has been recently underscored by the attention "the pill" has received in Senate subcommittee hearings. That the sickling hemoglobinopathy may be one of these is suggested by the following account.A 20-year-old negro woman, gravida 1, para 1, was admitted to Norwalk Hospital in March 1969 after losing...References1. MASIDUGDALE AM: Cerebrovascular diseases associated with the use of oral contraceptives. Ann Intern Med 72:111-121, 1970 LinkGoogle Scholar2. BAIRDWEISS RD: Studies in sickle cell anemia. XXI. Clinicopathological aspects of neurological manifestations. Pediatrics 34:92-100, 1964 MedlineGoogle Scholar3. BOLTONHAMPTONMITCHELL CJJ: Effect of oral contraceptive agents on platelets and plasma-phospholipids. Lancet 1:1336-1341, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. YGGEBRODY JS: Changes in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in women receiving oral contraceptives. Amer J Obst Gynec 104:87-98, 1969 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. EDWARDS C: Letter to physicians from Acting Commissioner of Food and Drugs, January 12, 1970 Google Scholar6. WINTROBE M: Clinical Hematology. 6th ed., Philadelphia, Lea and Febiger, 1967, p. 688 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Division of Medicine The Norwalk Hospital 24 Stevens St., Norwalk, Conn. 06856 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAssociation of Sickle Cell Trait With Ischemic Stroke Among African AmericansIsolated Weakness of the Extensor Hallucis Longus in a Patient with Hereditary SpherocytosisContraceptive use in the chronically Ill adolescent female. Part IIThe morbidity of sickle cell traitHaemoglobinopathies in pregnancySickle-Cell Trait: Benign or Malignant?ROBERT M. COOPER, M.D., JAMES F. TOOLE, M.D. 1 June 1970Volume 72, Issue 6Page: 960-960KeywordsCerebrovascular diseasesContraceptivesHearingHemoglobinopathiesOral contraceptive therapySickle cell diseaseStroke Issue Published: 1 June 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Cost‐effectiveness of specific immunotherapy with Grazax in allergic rhinitis co‐existing with asthma
Authors: S. Nasser, U. Vestenbæk, A. Beriot‐Mathiot, P. B. Poulsen
Journal: Allergy (2008)

In the United Kingdom, approximately 10.8 million people suffer from asthma, placing an economic burden on the society of more than 2 billion pounds sterling per year. For allergic asthma, treatment options consist of allergen avoidance, symptomatic treatment and allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT). Only SIT addresses the underlying cause of the disease, reducing symptoms and offering the potential for long-term improvement. Grazax--the first tablet-based SIT--is indicated for the treatment of patients with grass pollen-induced rhinoconjunctivitis, including those with co-existing asthma.To assess the cost-effectiveness of Grazax in patients with rhinoconjunctivitis and co-existing asthma.A prospective pharmacoeconomic analysis was carried out as part of a multinational clinical trial assessing the efficacy of Grazax (n = 79) compared with placebo (n = 72). Both groups had access to symptomatic medication; thus the placebo group represented current standard care. Pooled data on health resource use, productivity loss because of absence from work and quality of life (Quality Adjusted Life Years, QALYs) were collected in the trial. Reduced productivity at work was estimated from the literature. A societal perspective was adopted with a 9-year time horizon. The NHS price of Grazax of 2.25 pounds sterling per tablet was used.The QALY gain was significantly higher for patients treated with Grazax than the placebo group receiving symptomatic medication alone (0.197 discounted QALYs gained 9 years into the future - equal to an extra 72 days of perfect health over 9 years). The levels of resource use and productivity loss were higher for the placebo group. As a result, the cost per QALY gained with Grazax was 4319 pounds sterling , which is highly cost-effective. Price sensitivity analyses demonstrated that Grazax remained cost-effective up to a tablet price of 5.07 pounds sterling .SIT with Grazax is a cost-effective strategy compared with standard management of patients with rhinoconjunctivitis and co-existing asthma.
Hepatitis C virus Core Antigen as a predictor of non-response in genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C patients treated with peginterferon α-2b plus ribavirin
Authors: Maria Buti, Claudia Mendez, Melanie Schaper, Silvia Sauleda, Auristela Valdes, Francisco Rodriguez-Frias, Rosendo Jardi, Rafael Esteban
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Quantification of n-alkanes in stratum corneum in the hereditary ichthyoses
Authors: M.R. JUDGE, N. MORSE-FISHER, M.M. NKU, J.I. HARPER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Chromatographic assay of n-alkanes in skin showed detectable levels in normal controls and in patients with various forms of hereditary ichthyosis. Raised n-alkanes were found in some, but not all, patients with non-bullous and bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma and in individual patients with lamellar ichthyosis, ichthyosis vulgaris and Netherton's syndrome. The finding of elevated scale n-alkanes is neither consistent in ichthyosis, nor specific to any one type of ichthyosis, and n-alkane assay is not helpful in distinguishing one type of hereditary ichthyosis from another. The source of n-alkanes in ichthyotic scale and their role, if any, in the pathogenesis of ichthyosis remain obscure.
Aorto-pulmonary Fistula Due to Failure of an Ivalon Graft for Coarctation of the Aorta
Authors: M. G. Davey
Journal: Thorax (1962)

In 1956 Case 1, a clerk then 30 years of age, presented with recent mild dyspepsia.He was an active man who played competition tennis regularly.His abnormally high arterial pressure had been noted some years before; on this occasion examination also disclosed coarctation of the aorta with a brachial arterial pressure of 160/ 100 mm.Hg.On August 16, 1956, the coarcted segment was resected and replaced by a graft made of three layers of Ivalon sponget compressed to -inch ,thickness: this was 14 inches long and 8 inch in diameter.The patient made an uncomplicated recovery but the brachial arterial pressure was little reduced.Twelve months later a routine chest radiograph revealed dilatation of the descending aorta at the level of the graft.At thoracotomy on August 30, 1957, this was found to be an aneurysm of the graft, about 2 inches in diameter.The aneurysm was side-clamped and a redundant portion resected: the graft was then refashioned by a longitudinal suture and reinforced by wrapping round it a many-tailed bandage of nylon filter cloth (Fig. 1).While dissection was made difficult by adhesions it was not necessary to cross-clamp the aorta during this procedure.The patient made an uncomplicated recovery.The portion of the graft removed had a super- ficial macroscopic resemblance to aorta.On microscopy scattered areas of irregular honey- comb material could be seen (presumably Ivalon) surrounded by a marked foreign body reaction (Fig. 2).He remained well and under regular medical supervision until October, 1961, when he suddenly coughed up about 250 ml. of bright blood.On admission to the Repatriation General Hospital, Adelaide, no changes in cardiovascular signs and no abnormalities in systemic examination were found.A chest radiograph was normal; a barium
Reporting Financial Conflicts of Interest and Relationships Between Investigators and Research Sponsors
Authors: Catherine D. DeAngelis
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Our Word for It
Authors: Jed Myers
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Catecholamine turnover in normotensive and hypertensive man: effects of antiadrenergic drugs
Authors: Vincent DeQuattro, Albert Sjoerdsma
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Intravenous administration of tritium-labeled 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) to human subjects resulted in the labeling of endogenous catecholamines and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA). Determination of the changes in specific activity of these compounds with time in fractional collections of urine and in cardiac biopsies from patients undergoing corrective cardiac surgery permitted estimation of apparent turnover rates. The average half-time of the exponential decline in specific activity of labeled urinary norepinephrine was about 8 hr and that of VMA was 11-16 hr in five normal subjects. No significant differences from normal were observed in eight patients with essential hypertension. The average half-life of norepinephrine was only 5 hr in cardiac patients undergoing surgery, and the levels and rate of decline of cardiac norepinephrine specific activity correlated well with the exponential phase of the urinary disappearance curve. There were significant effects of treatment with alpha-methyltyrosine, reserpine, and pargyline hydrochloride on the labeling and apparent turnover rates of norepinephrine and VMA; the effects noted were consistent with known actions of these three drugs. It is suggested that the technique used is a suitable means of assessing "over-all" catecholamine metabolism in man, particulary if combined with quantitative assay of urinary catecholamine metabolites.
Selection at the wobble position of codons read by the same tRNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: R. Percudani, S. Ottonello
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1999)

The transfer RNA gene complement of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was utilized for a whole-genome analysis of the deviation from a neutral usage of pyrimidine-ending cognate codons, that is, codons read by a single tRNA species having either inosine or guanosine as the first anticodon base. Mutational pressure at the wobble position was estimated from the base composition of the noncoding portion of the yeast genome. The selective pressure for translational efficiency was inferred from the degree of codon adaptation to tRNA gene redundancy and from mRNA abundance data derived from yeast transcriptome analysis. Amino acid conservation in orthologous comparisons with wholly sequenced microbial genomes was used to estimate translational accuracy requirements. A close correspondence was observed between the usage of wobble position pyrimidines and the frequency predicted by mutational bias. However, in the case of four cognate pairs (Gly: ggu/ggc; Asn: aau/aac; Phe: uuu/uuc; Tyr: uau/ uac) all read by guanosine-starting anticodons, we found evidence for a strong selective pressure driven by translational efficiency. Only for the glycine pair, wobble pyrimidine choice also appears to fulfill a translational accuracy requirement. Wobble pyrimidine selection is strictly related to the number of hydrogen bonds formed by alternative cognate codons: whenever a different number of hydrogen bonds can be formed at the wobble position, there is selection against six- or nine-hydrogen-bonded codon-anticodon pairs. Our results indicate that an intrinsic codon preference, critically dependent on the stability of codon-anticodon interaction and mainly reflecting selection for the optimization of translational efficiency, is built into the translational apparatus.
Strontium ranelate: ready for clinical use as disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug?
Authors: Floris P J G Lafeber, Jacob M van Laar
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

In the past decade, clinical practice in rheumatology has been transformed by the advent of ‘biologicals’. The use of these new drugs has significantly improved the outcome of patients with rheumatoid arthritis especially for those refractory to (patient-tailored) conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy. The question is, is it now time for a gap-bridging, large step forward in the treatment of an even more commonly seen rheumatic disease, osteoarthritis? Has the era of the disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug (DMOAD) begun? Is ‘OA the new RA’ (quote from Professor P Conaghan, 2012 annual meeting of the British Society of Rheumatology (BSR)), or is this still wishful thinking?

It no longer needs proclamation of worldwide numbers of patients who suffer from non-attendance and decreased productivity at work and unemployment, or costs of medical and paramedical care, medication use, and surgical treatments with joint replacement in the end, to recognise that osteoarthritis is a huge socioeconomic problem.1 Osteoarthritis is the most common disabling joint disease worldwide. Moreover, its incidence and prevalence are increasing because of ageing, higher life expectancy, and lifestyle changes, leading to a growing population of patients with osteoarthritis.2

Osteoarthritis is clinically characterised primarily by joint pain and consequently functional limitations. Cartilage degradation is still considered pivotal in its pathology. This might be considered surprising, since cartilage is not innervated, so osteoarthritic pain must arise from other tissues involved. Changes in periarticular bone, synovial tissue and other periarticular soft tissue structures such as ligaments and muscles are inextricably related to the osteoarthritic process. Obviously, all these structural changes are part of a cascade that eventually leads to overt osteoarthritis, and they need to be considered in unison when related to clinical symptoms. The sequence and relative importance of each of these processes may differ between individuals, between joints, between disease …
Functional vascular smooth muscle cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells via mesenchymal stem cell intermediates
Authors: Vivek K. Bajpai, Panagiotis Mistriotis, Yuin-Han Loh, George Q. Daley, Stelios T. Andreadis
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

Smooth muscle cells (SMC) play an important role in vascular homeostasis and disease. Although adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been used as a source of contractile SMC, they suffer from limited proliferation potential and culture senescence, particularly when originating from older donors. By comparison, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) can provide an unlimited source of functional SMC for autologous cell-based therapies and for creating models of vascular disease. Our goal was to develop an efficient strategy to derive functional, contractile SMC from hiPSC. We developed a robust, stage-wise, feeder-free strategy for hiPSC differentiation into functional SMC through an intermediate stage of multipotent MSC, which could be coaxed to differentiate into fat, bone, cartilage, and muscle. At this stage, the cells were highly proliferative and displayed higher clonogenic potential and reduced senescence when compared with parental hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells. In addition, when exposed to differentiation medium, the myogenic proteins such as α-smooth muscle actin, calponin, and myosin heavy chain were significantly upregulated and displayed robust fibrillar organization, suggesting the development of a contractile phenotype. Indeed, tissue constructs prepared from these cells exhibited high levels of contractility in response to receptor- and non-receptor-mediated agonists. We developed an efficient stage-wise strategy that enabled hiPSC differentiation into contractile SMC through an intermediate population of clonogenic and multipotent MSC. The high yield of MSC and SMC derivation suggests that our strategy may facilitate an acquisition of the large numbers of cells required for regenerative medicine or for studying vascular disease pathophysiology.
TWENTY-SIX THOUSAND KAHN TESTS COMPARED WITH THE WASSERMANN
Authors: THOMAS G. HULL
Journal: JAMA (1927)

A laboratory test for syphilis requires much critical study. In spite of the fact that it is frequently emphasized that such a test should be employed only as a clue to syphilis, to be corroborated by clinical evidence or a history of infection, many physicians consider a positive laboratory reaction as diagnostic of this disease. Therefore, any laboratory method that is to be of permanent value to the clinician must be capable of giving reactions of the highest degree of dependability. In view of the numerous shortcomings of the Wassermann test, the question arose whether any of the precipitation tests possessed superior features.  In 1920 an attempt was made in these laboratories to modify the Sachs-Georgi reaction so as to render its application more practical.1Soon after that Kahn  published a description of his original precipitation method and gradually so perfected it as to make it apparently a reliable
Noninvasive detection and quantification of left-to-right shunts in children using oxygen-15 labeled carbon dioxide.
Authors: D M Tamer, D D Watson, P J Kenny, W R Janowitz, H Gelband, A J Gilson
Journal: Circulation (1977)

A method for the detection and quantification of left-to-right intracardiac shunts is described which utilizes a single breath inhalation of oxygen-15 labeled carbon dioxide (C15O2). The inhaled gas rapidly crosses the alveolar membrane and the oxygen-15 label is exchanged through the carbonate cycle to form oxygen-15 labeled water within the pulmonary capillary blood. Pulmonary indicator clearance curves are measured by external scintillation probes. A simplified method of shunt flow quantification was developed from indicator dilution principles and used for the analysis of the clearance curves. Inhalation studies were performed with 62 children on the day prior to cardiac catheterization. The presence or absence of left-to-right shunt was confirmed by contrast angiography in all cases. Twenty-six children were found to have no shunts by C15O2 inhalation, oximetry or angiography. Of the 36 with shunts, 34 were detected by C15O2. Two of these were designated as equivocal because they were considered to be less than the threshold of definitive detection by C15O2 (having Qp/Qs less than 1.2); 32 were positive and there were two false negatives with small ventricular septal defects. There were no false positives by C15O2. The correlation coefficient between C15O2 and oximetry values of shunt flow for those patients with proven shunts was 0.82.
Obstetrics in general practice.
Authors: W G Liggett
Journal: BMJ (1979)

histamines, which were significantly associated with motorcycle accidents (although not with road accidents of all types).Dr Wheatley repeats his previous assertion' that general practitioners usually warn patients about possible effects of tranquillisers on driving skills, but he does not cite any evi- dence to support it.Unfortunately, the type of warning that he describes could not be relied on to prevent accidents, because it is postulated that tranquillisers "produce subtle effects undetected by the patient."In tests of low- speed vehicle handling, Betts and his col-leagues2 showed that drivers whose performance was affected by tranquillisers did not experience subjective effects.