tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Age and Menopausal Status on Estimates of Oestrogen Binding by Human Malignant Breast Tumours
Authors: H. Braunsberg, V. H. T. James, C. W. Jamieson, S. Desai, A. E. Carter, M. Hulbert
Journal: BMJ (1974)

The uptake of oestradiol by human breast-tumour tissue estimated by in-vivo and in-vitro techniques has been examined in relation to patients' ages and menopausal status. Results from in-vivo studies showed no convincing correlations, while in-vitro results were significantly correlated with menopausal status. There was a significant correlation between results obtained by the two techniques.
IGF-I Receptor Mutations Resulting in Intrauterine and Postnatal Growth Retardation
Authors: M. Jennifer Abuzzahab, Anke Schneider, Audrey Goddard, Florin Grigorescu, Corinne Lautier, Eberhard Keller, Wieland Kiess, Jürgen Klammt, Jürgen Kratzsch, Doreen Osgood, Roland Pfäffle, Klemens Raile, Berthold Seidel, Robert J. Smith, Steven D. Chernausek
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Approximately 10 percent of infants with intrauterine growth retardation remain small, and the causes of their growth deficits are often unclear. We postulated that mutations in the gene for the insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) might underlie some cases of prenatal and postnatal growth failure.We screened two groups of children for abnormalities in the IGF-IR gene. In one group of 42 patients with unexplained intrauterine growth retardation and subsequent short stature, we used single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, followed by direct DNA sequencing of any abnormalities found. A second cohort consisted of 50 children with short stature who had elevated circulating IGF-I concentrations. Complete sequencing of the IGF-IR gene was performed with DNA from nine children. We also studied a control group of 43 children with normal birth weights.In the first cohort, we identified one girl who was a compound heterozygote for point mutations in exon 2 of the IGF-IR gene that altered the amino acid sequence to Arg108Gln in one allele and Lys115Asn in the other. Fibroblasts cultured from the patient had decreased IGF-I-receptor function, as compared with that in control fibroblasts. No such mutations were found in the 43 controls. In the second group, we identified one boy with a nonsense mutation (Arg59stop) that reduced the number of IGF-I receptors on fibroblasts. Both children had intrauterine growth retardation and poor postnatal growth.Mutations in the IGF-IR gene that lead to abnormalities in the function or number of IGF-I receptors may also retard intrauterine and subsequent growth in humans.
INTRACARDIAC J-WAVE IS AUGMENTED IMMEDIATELY BEFORE THE ONSET OF POLYMORPHIC VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA OR VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION, BUT DOES NOT CORRELATE WITH BASELINE J-POINT ELEVATION ON SURFACE ECG
Authors: Larisa Tereshchenko, Aaron McCabe, Lichy Han, Sanjoli Sur, Timothy Huang, Kenneth Stein, Ronald Berger
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Safety of Influenza A (H1N1) Vaccine in Postmarketing Surveillance in China
Authors: Xiao-Feng Liang, Li Li, Da-Wei Liu, Ke-Li Li, Wen-Di Wu, Bao-Ping Zhu, Hua-Qing Wang, Hui-Ming Luo, Ling-Sheng Cao, Jing-Shan Zheng, Da-Peng Yin, Lei Cao, Bing-Bing Wu, Hong-Hong Bao, Di-Sha Xu, Wei-Zhong Yang, Yu Wang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

On September 21, 2009, China began administering vaccines, obtained from 10 different manufacturers, against 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in priority populations. We aimed to assess the safety of this vaccination program.We designed a plan for passive surveillance for adverse events after immunization with the influenza A (H1N1) vaccine. Physicians or vaccination providers were required to report the numbers of vaccinees and all adverse events to their local Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), which then reported the data to the Chinese CDC through the online National Immunization Information System's National Adverse Event Following Immunization Surveillance System. Data were collected through March 21, 2010, and were verified and analyzed by the Chinese CDC.A total of 89.6 million doses of vaccine were administered from September 21, 2009, through March 21, 2010, and 8067 vaccinees reported having an adverse event, for a rate of 90.0 per 1 million doses. The age-specific rates of adverse events ranged from 31.4 per 1 million doses among persons 60 years of age or older to 130.6 per 1 million doses among persons 9 years of age or younger, and the manufacturer-specific rates ranged from 4.6 to 185.4 per 1 million doses. A total of 6552 of the 8067 adverse events (81.2%; rate, 73.1 per 1 million doses) were verified as vaccine reactions; 1083 of the 8067 (13.4%; rate, 12.1 per 1 million doses) were rare and more serious (vs. common, minor events), most of which (1050) were allergic reactions. Eleven cases of the Guillain-Barré syndrome were reported, for a rate of 0.1 per 1 million doses, which is lower than the background rate in China.No pattern of adverse events that would be of concern was observed after the administration of influenza A (H1N1) vaccine, nor was there evidence of an increased risk of the Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Impact of home mechanical ventilation on health-related quality of life
Authors: W. Windisch
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

The present multicentre study was aimed at comparably assessing the benefits and burdens associated with home mechanical ventilation (HMV). Hospitalisation, side-effects and health-related quality of life (HRQL) were assessed 1 month and 1 yr following HMV establishment using the Medical Outcome Study 36-Item Short-form Health Survey (SF-36; general HRQL) and the Severe Respiratory Insufficiency (SRI) Questionnaire (condition-specific HRQL). In total, 85 (27 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 29 restrictive thoracic, 17 neuromuscular, nine obesity hypoventilation syndrome and three miscellaneous) out of 135 eligible patients completed the study. Mean+/-SD SRI summary scale (range 0-100) improved significantly and comparatively in all 85 patients from 49+/-15 at baseline to 61+/-15 at 1 month and to 61+/-16 at 1 yr, but improvements of subscale scores differed amongst subgroups. SF-36 scores also improved, but the SRI was superior in detecting HRQL changes. Facial soreness and dry throat were the most commonly reported side-effects. Patients spent a mean+/-SD of 12+/-6 days in hospital at baseline and 3+/-3 days at each follow-up visit. Only four patients required unplanned hospitalisation. Overall general and condition-specific health-related quality of life aspects improved following home mechanical ventilation establishment independent of the underlying disease, which, however, has an impact on changes within specific health-related quality of life domains. The need for hospitalisation is low once home mechanical ventilation is carefully established.
Increased Plasma Fibronectin Concentration in Diabetic Patients With Microalbuminuria
Authors: Lamberto A De Giorgio, Giancarlo Bartolomei, Alfredo Gironi, Paolo Caselli, Giuseppe Seghieri
Journal: Diabetes Care (1988)

Raised levels of plasma fibronectin (PF), an α2- glycoprotein produced by vascular endothelia, have been previously described in diabetic patients with retinopathy and overt nephropathy. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of microalbuminuria is associated with increased PF concentrations. Twenty Albustix-negative diabetic outpatients with microalbuminuria [ median albumin excretion rate (AER): 30.2 μg/ min; range 12.1-194 (μ g/ min[ were compared with 58 sex- and agematched patients without microalbuminuria (median AER 3.1 μg/ min; range 0.8-12 μg/ min) and 34 control subjects (median AER 2.8 (μg/ min; range 0.8-12.1 μg/ min). Mean PF was significantly higher in the group with microalbuminuria (406.7 ± 85.5 μg/ml) than in the group without it (325.3 ± 76.5 μg/ml) or in control subjects (334.5 ± 76 μg/ml; P &amp;gt;.05). PF increase associated with microalbuminuria was independent of the presence of retinopathy. Futhermore, in the whole group of diabetic patients, PF was significantly correlated with AER (r = .33; P = .003). Such correlation also remained significant (P = .0002) after covariance analysis by a stepwise discriminant procedure taking into account age, duration of disease, sex, blood pressure, body weight, therapy, and HbA,. In conclusion, PF increase is associated with microalbuminuria independent of the other considered variables; its role as a possible marker for early diabetic nephropathy remains to be fully clarified.
Targeting the Oncogenic MUC1-C Protein Inhibits Mutant EGFR-Mediated Signaling and Survival in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Akriti Kharbanda, Hasan Rajabi, Caining Jin, Jeremy Tchaicha, Eiki Kikuchi, Kwok-Kin Wong, Donald Kufe
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) that express EGF receptor with activating mutations frequently develop resistance to EGFR kinase inhibitors. The mucin 1 (MUC1) heterodimeric protein is aberrantly overexpressed in NSCLC cells and confers a poor prognosis; however, the functional involvement of MUC1 in mutant EGFR signaling is not known.Targeting the oncogenic MUC1 C-terminal subunit (MUC1-C) in NSCLC cells harboring mutant EGFR was studied for effects on signaling, growth, clonogenic survival, and tumorigenicity.Stable silencing of MUC1-C in H1975/EGFR(L858R/T790M) cells resulted in downregulation of AKT signaling and inhibition of growth, colony formation, and tumorigenicity. Similar findings were obtained when MUC1-C was silenced in gefitinib-resistant PC9GR cells expressing EGFR(delE746_A750/T790M). The results further show that expression of a MUC1-C(CQC → AQA) mutant, which blocks MUC1-C homodimerization, suppresses EGFR(T790M), AKT and MEK → ERK activation, colony formation, and tumorigenicity. In concert with these results, treatment of H1975 and PC9GR cells with GO-203, a cell-penetrating peptide that blocks MUC1-C homodimerization, resulted in inhibition of EGFR, AKT, and MEK → ERK signaling and in loss of survival. Combination studies of GO-203 and afatinib, an irreversible inhibitor of EGFR, further demonstrate that these agents are synergistic in inhibiting growth of NSCLC cells harboring the activating EGFR(T790M) or EGFR(delE746-A750) mutants.These findings indicate that targeting MUC1-C inhibits mutant EGFR signaling and survival, and thus represents a potential approach alone and in combination for the treatment of NSCLCs resistant to EGFR kinase inhibitors.
Heroin Addiction Treatment and Crime Reduction
Authors: ROBERT L. DUPONT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

The author describes the origin, development, and impact of the nation's largest city-operated program for the treatment of heroin addiction. Patients in treatment showed decreased use of heroin, fewer arrests, and greater employment. Methadone maintenance was associated with higher rates of retention in the program. but abstinence and detoxification also produced increased employment and decreased heroin use and arrests among those who stayed in treatment.
Public drunkenness: the failure of reform
Authors: R. Light
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Concluding his article on the problems facing the formulation of a constructive and humane response to habitual drunkenness offenders, Richard Smith asked: Is our society quite incapable of dealing with these chronic problems?1 Six years later the answer still seems to be yes. Though the widespread agreement which exists on the need for reform has been translated into action, somehow most of what has been done has failed to provide any effective improvement in society's response to some of its most disad vantaged members. How has this situation come about and is there a way forward?
Awareness of AIDS in India: effect of public education through the mass media.
Authors: K. S. Jacob, H. Jayakumari, J. K. John, T. J. John
Journal: BMJ (1989)

17% for menarche to occur and puberty to proceed.4In this case primary amenorrhoea was almost certainly due to the intensive training.Once the patient was forced to stop training her percentage body fat rose and menarche occurred.This in turn accelerated the closure of the epiphysis.The risks and benefits of intense training in adolescence are much debated.There is concern about the risks of stress fractures, osteochondrosis, and epiphyseal disorders in young athletes.5A slipped upper femoral epiphysis is ofparticular concern because of its possible role in the development of osteoarthritis in later life.Female athletes with primary amenorrhoea and pubertal delay are probably at high risk of these disorders.
IMPACT OF MYOCARDIAL BRIDGE ON 3-YEAR CLINICAL OUTCOME IN PATIENT WITH POSITIVE CORONARY ARTERY SPASM AS ASSESSED BY ACETYLCHOLINE PROVOCATION TEST
Authors: SangHo Park, Seung-Woon Rha, Taehoon Ahn, Won Yu Kang, Wonyong Shin, Dongkyu Jin, Byoung Geol Choi, Cheol Ung Choi, Chang Gyu Park, Hong-Seog Seo, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The Health of Children Adopted From Romania
Authors: Dana E. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To determine the medical condition of Romanian adoptees and the effects of the Romanian orphanage system on their health.Case series.The international adoption clinics at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, and the New England Medical Center, Tufts University, Boston, Mass.Sixty-five Romanian adoptees who were brought to the United States during a 12-month period beginning in October 1990.Incidence of hepatitis B, intestinal parasites, tuberculosis, syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus type 1, growth failure, and developmental delay.Although the adopted children were presumably chosen from the most vital and attractive adoptees, only 15% were judged to be physically healthy and developmentally normal. Fifty-three percent had serological evidence of past or present hepatitis B infection, and 20% of screened children tested positive for hepatitis B surface antigen. In children aged 7 months or older, the overall prevalence of chronic hepatitis B was 23%. Intestinal parasites were found in 33% of subjects, and 45% of infected children had two or more pathogens identified. All the children tested for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 were negative. Two patterns of growth failure were observed that resembled the two subtypes of psychosocial short stature that occur in association with prolonged psychological harassment or emotional deprivation. Infants' length, weight, head circumference, and weight-for-height were adversely affected by institutionalization. Older children's height was reduced. Only 10% of children older than 12 months were developmentally normal.Romanian adoptees are an extraordinarily high-risk pediatric group as a consequences of decades of government-sanctioned child neglect and abuse.
The Lemon Princess
Authors: Bruno Rushforth, Amy Evans
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Written by Rachael McGill From an original idea by Ruth Carney West Yorkshire Playhouse, Leeds, until 5 March 2005 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> I f you can get to Leeds, you must see this play. Powerful, moving, and thought provoking in equal measure, this is great theatre. At its heart, The Lemon Princess tells the story of a father's love for his teenage daughter, as she is transformed from a spirited young woman into a dependent and terminally ill patient, brain injured by the neurodegenerative condition variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). Although billed as a fictional account of a vCJD sufferer, the play draws heavily on director Ruth Carney's conversations with Stephen Forber, whose daughter died from the disease in 2001. With access to Stephen's diaries, and though her own research, Ruth developed the project into a wide ranging piece that also examines the politics surrounding vCJD and its link to mad cow disease—bovine … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
A randomized controlled trial of narrowband ultraviolet B vs. bath-psoralen plus ultraviolet A photochemotherapy for psoriasis
Authors: R.S. Dawe, H. Cameron, S. Yule, I. Man, N.J. Wainwright, S.H. Ibbotson, J. Ferguson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

In 1991, consensus guidelines recommended psoralen plus ultraviolet A photochemotherapy (PUVA) for those requiring second-line therapy for psoriasis. Narrowband (TL-01) UVB has since become more widely available, replacing the less effective broadband sources. Objectives To compare the efficacy of TL-01 UVB phototherapy and trimethoxypsoralen (TMP) bath-PUVA for chronic plaque psoriasis.A randomized, observer-masked, intraindividually controlled, paired (half-body) study was done in the Photo(chemo)therapy Unit in Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee. The study comprised 28 patients (skin phototypes I-III) with chronic plaque psoriasis. Each patient's body halves (sagittal plane) were treated independently, one-half with TL-01 UVB, the other with bath-PUVA. Both treatments were administered according to standard, optimized regimens. Treatment was continued until clearance or minimal residual activity (MRA), or a maximum of 30 treatments. The main outcome measures were treatments and time to clearance/MRA, the proportion reaching clearance/MRA, change in psoriasis severity score (scaling, erythema and induration) and remission durations.Of 18 who completed the study, all reached clearance/MRA with TL-01, but three were still not clear after 30 PUVA exposures. TL-01 achieved clearance/MRA a median of 11 (6.5-25; P = 0.001) days more quickly than PUVA, but required a median of 24.5 compared with 19 exposures [95% confidence interval (CI) for difference 1.5-5.5; P = 0.01]. Ten patients were withdrawn (four because of inadequate response of PUVA-treated halves). Analysed on an intention-to-treat basis, 21 of 28 (75%) of all participants reached clearance/MRA with TL-01 compared with 15 of 28 (54%) with PUVA (95% CI for difference 4-37%; P = 0.03). Remission durations did not differ.When administered according to these regimens in a skin phototype I-III population, TL-01 UVB is more efficacious than TMP bath-PUVA in the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis.
PMO-016 Big brother is watching you! Is data from the BSG colonoscopy audit period a true reflection of normal practice?
Authors: G Lipman, R J Watson, A R Watson
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The “Hawthorne Effect” is the phenomenon in which subjects modify practice as a consequence of the knowledge that they are being observed. This is a potential confounder during periods of national endosocopy audit and may result in spuriously improved outcome reporting during audit periods. We aimed to investigate whether the Hawthorne Effect influences colonoscopy practice. We also aimed to ascertain if the national colonscopy audit could result in a change in practice, and whether any such change was maintained. <h3>Methods</h3> The Unisoft endoscopy database at Whipps Cross University Hospital was interrogated to determine patient demographics, sedation rates, quality of bowel preparation, diagnoses and therapeutic interventions during 5 2-week time periods; The national colonoscopy audit period (t), t−1 year, t−2 weeks, t+2 weeks and t+3 months. Results were compared to determine whether there was a statistically significant difference in measurable indices of clinical practice that may be due to the Hawthorne Effect. Time periods following the audit period were included to establish whether there was any evidence of a “washout period” of improved outcomes following the national audit—that is, if the process of observed audit results in a lasting improvement in clinical practice. The null hypothesis was suggested that all periods would be similar, and tested to a 95% confidence level. <h3>Results</h3> Colonoscopies performed during the national colonoscopy audit period (t) were compared with 2-week periods t−1 year, t−2 weeks, t+2 weeks and t+3 months. Similar numbers of procedures were carried out during the five time periods. Basic patient demographics were similar, as were the numbers of male and female patients. No statistically significant differences were found in the sedative dose, ceacal or TI intubation rates between the audit period and any other time period. Moreover, polyp detection and retrieval was likewise also not statistically significantly different when the four time periods were compared with the fortnight of the national colonscopy audit. Small differences were noted in the colonscopists assessment of bowel preparation—there was more likely be a comment on poor bowel preparation during the audit period than any of the other time periods. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Data from Whipps Cross University Hospital demonstrate that observation of colonoscopists during the recent BSG national colonoscopy audit does not alter significantly the clinical practice or interpretation of findings when compared to time periods before or after the audit period. This validates the national colonoscopy audt findings; the data are indeed a true reflection of “normal” colonsocopy practice—colonoscopists are apparently not affected by the “Hawthorne Effect”. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Reduction in Serum CO2 During Hyperalimentation
Authors: Clarence L. Fortner
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  Chan et al (220:1119, 1972) described the pH problem associated with administration of the hyperalimentation solutions. The first patient receiving hyperalimentation (750 ml of 5% dextrose-5% protein hydrolysate solution [C.P.H., Cutter Laboratories, Inc] with 350 ml of 50% dextrose in water [Cutter Laboratories, Inc]) at our institution exhibited progressively decreasing serum carbon dioxide concentrations. 1 The patient's serum carbon dioxide content was 30 mEq/liter at the time hyperalimentation was initiated. Over the next 12 days, the serum carbon dioxide progressively decreased to a nadir of 13 mEq/liter.  It was thought that because the hyperalimentation solution had a high buffer capacity and a pH of 5.0 to 5.6 that it might have been depleting the body's buffer capacity. Therefore, the subsequent hyperalimentation solutions administered were adjusted to a pH of 7.0 with sterile 1N sodium hydroxide solution. Four days later the patient's carbon dioxide content had risen to