tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased Incidence of Levodopa Therapy Following Metoclopramide Use
Authors: Jerry Avorn
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine whether there is an increase in use of antiparkinsonian therapy in older persons taking metoclopramide hydrochloride. <h3>Design.</h3> —Case-control study. <h3>Setting.</h3> —New Jersey Medicaid program. <h3>Patients.</h3> —Medicaid enrollees aged 65 years and older. Cases were patients newly prescribed a levodopa-containing medication (n=1253); a secondary case group were patients newly prescribed an anticholinergic antiparkinsonian drug (n=2377). The control group consisted of 16435 Medicaid enrollees older than 65 years who were not users of any antiparkinsonian therapy. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —We used logistic regression to determine the odds ratio (OR) for the initiation of antiparkinsonian therapy in patients using metoclopramide relative to nonusers, after adjusting for age, sex, race, nursing home residence, exposure to antipsychotic medication, and days hospitalized. <h3>Results.</h3> —Metoclopramide users were three times more likely to begin use of a levodopa-containing medication compared with nonusers (OR=3.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.25 to 4.26). Risk increased with increasing daily metoclopramide dose: the OR was 1.19 (95% CI, 0.50 to 2.81) for more than 0 to 10 mg per day, 3.33 (95% CI, 1.98 to 5.58) for more than 10 to 20 mg per day, and 5.25 (95% CI, 1.16 to 8.50) for more than 20 mg per day. The effect persisted after adjustment for demographic, health service utilization, and medication use variables. The OR for initiation of anticholinergic antiparkinsonian drugs was also elevated in metoclopramide users. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Metoclopramide use confers an increased risk for the initiation of treatment generally reserved for the management of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Such polypharmacy may represent the misdiagnosis of Parkinson's disease in patients with drug-induced parkinsonian symptoms, which should be ruled out before starting dopaminergic therapy for this condition. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;274:1780-1782)
Netherlands debates screening for breast cancer
Authors: Tony Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Plans to extend the screening of embryos for genetic mutations linked to hereditary breast cancer have caused a split in the Dutch coalition government. Ethical questions have been raised because for the first time in the Netherlands preimplantation genetic diagnosis will be available for mutations if the chance of developing the disease, the “penetrance,” is less than 100%.

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is used in combination with in vitro fertilisation to select healthy embryos for reimplantation in the womb. Screening is already permitted for genetic conditions such as Huntington’s disease and cystic fibrosis, which have 100% penetrance. The new plan would …
Good health among cancer survivors varies widely, finds report
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Although one year and five year survival rates have improved significantly in recent years, only one in five women with breast cancer and one in four men with prostate cancer survive both long term and in good health, a report shows.1

It shows that for lung cancer and the most common form of brain cancer, glioblastoma, the outcome is even worse, with less than 1% surviving for at least seven years in good health. The report defines good health as without metastases, recurrence, or an additional primary cancer …
Richard Wyman Payne
Authors: W. H. J. P. S. Payne
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Richard Wyman Payne (“Dick”) was the son of Reginald T Payne, St Bartholomew’s hospital surgeon. After qualifying, Dick held the positions of demonstrator and lecturer in clinical pathology at St Thomas’ Hospital. He was appointed as consultant pathologist to the new Mid-Hertfordshire Hospital in Welwyn Garden City in 1961. In 1966 he became …
Dynamics of HIV-1 mRNA expression in patients with long-term nonprogressive HIV-1 infection.
Authors: M Comar, C Simonelli, S Zanussi, P Paoli, E Vaccher, U Tirelli, M Giacca
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

A large number of evidences indicate that progression of HIV disease is driven by an increase in viral burden. It is still unclear, however, to what extent this is contributed by the dysregulation of the molecular mechanisms governing virus gene expression at the transcriptional or posttranscriptional levels. To address this issue, several quantitative virologic parameters (including provirus transcriptional activity and splicing pattern) were analyzed in individuals with nonprogressive HIV infection and compared with those of a matched group of progressor patients. Exact quantification was achieved by a competitive PCR procedure using a multicompetitor template. Nonprogressors were characterized by striking differences in the levels of viremia, provirus copy number, and overall levels of all viral mRNA classes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Additionally, the transcriptional activity of the proviral DNA in these patients was mainly engaged in the production of multiprocessed transcripts, with a pattern resembling the early phases of the experimental infection. Taken together, these results show that both viral load and provirus transcription pattern are remarkably different in infected individuals nonprogressing toward overt disease, and further support the notion that disease progression is accompanied by a change in the kinetics of HIV gene expression.
Blood Transfusion in Clinical Medicine
Authors: Edgar H. Pierce
Journal: JAMA (1994)

This is the ninth edition of a popular and well-read text. The authors note in the new preface that the emphasis of the world of blood transfusion has substantially changed in the 40 years the text has been in use. The newest edition follows the traditions of previous ones, comprehensively updating each topic while preserving continuity with the past. The index is characteristically clear and the bibliography encyclopedic. Classic information, such as the science of the development of A, B, and H red blood cell antigen proteins, or the development of the positive direct antiglobulin test following Rh D immunization, is carefully reviewed with recent references. As the science of red blood cell immunology inches along, the authors have kept the reader abreast, while not neglecting their duty to history. For example, they cite the work of Kemp, who in 1930 found that "A and B can be detected on
An Address on Medical Reform
Authors: L. Atthill
Journal: BMJ (1885)

salts, and the ammonia with which they are combined appears to be the representative of so much nitrogenous waste, which, instead of being converted into urea in the liver, has combined with the acid, and been excreted as ammonia.This indicates that acids act upon the liver, although, as I have just said, we do not yet understand their precise mode of action.Clinically, however, we find that nitro- hydrochloric acid is exceedingly useful in persons who are troubled by eructations of sulphuretted hydrogen; and it not only removes the taste of rotten eggs which is so disagreeable, but lessens the de- pression of spirits which frequently accompanies this form of dys- pepsia.It is also useful in oxaluria and depression of spirits, even when no disagreeable eructations are present.Ammonia also has a powerful action on the liver, and chloride of ammonium has been strongly recommended in hepatic disease.It is only within the last year or so that we have learned anything definite about the action of ammonia on the liver; but it has now been shown that ammoniacal salts increase the formation of glycogen.Our knowledge of altera- tives, at present, consists only of a few isolated facts, but, before long, we may hope to have a more perfect understanding of their mode of action, and, consequently, be able to apply them more sumcessfully in disease.Another class of remedies which are also useful in indigestion is diuretics.Although these have no very direct action on the intestinal
Sources and patterns of referrals of oral cancer: role of general practitioners.
Authors: C Scully, D Malamos, B G Levers, S R Porter, S S Prime
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Referrals of patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas to an oral medicine clinic were assessed with regard to the sources, delays, and pattern of referrals from general medical practitioners and general dental practitioners. Slightly more patients were referred by dental practitioners than by medical practitioners, but general medical practitioners were far more likely to see advanced tumours and to request an urgent second opinion or suggest a diagnosis of malignant disease. The greatest delay overall was caused by the patients in seeking advice from their practitioner, particularly those who attended a general medical practitioner. Both groups of practitioners requested a hospital opinion within roughly a month--a reasonable interval. Subsequent delays were minimal. Delays occur mainly because the patients are slow in seeking professional advice and, in general, do not appear to have been reduced over the decade since a previous British study on referral patterns was carried out. This study emphasises the importance of educating patients about oral cancer since it is they who appear to be mainly responsible for the delays in diagnosis. The results also help to dispel the myth that general medical practitioners might be less competent at diagnosis and referral of patients with oral cancer than are dental practitioners, though we are aware of misdiagnoses from both groups.
FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PEYER'S PATCH LYMPHOID CELLS
Authors: Martin F. Kagnoff, Stephen Campbell
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1974)

Peyer's patches from normal mice contain antigen-sensitive B and T cells, but lack the accessory adherent cell type(s) required both for the induction of humoral immune responses and for the induction of allograft reactions against cell surface alloantigens. Immune responsiveness can be restored to cultures of Peyer's patch cells by the addition of either APEC or ME. Peyer's patch B cells can be specifically induced by antigen to synthesize humoral antibody. Peyer's patch T cells can cooperate in B-cell induction and can be induced to mediate an allograft reaction against an allogeneic stimulus. Peyer's patch lymphoid aggregates appear to be a storehouse of antigen-sensitive cells sequestered in such a way as to lack an accessory cell type or factor required for induction,
Protection of Patients From Physician Substance Misuse—Reply
Authors: Julius Cuong Pham, Peter J. Pronovost, Gregory E. Skipper
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
In vivo glycated low-density lipoprotein is not more susceptible to oxidation than nonglycated low-density lipoprotein in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Alicia J Jenkins, Suzanne R Thorpe, Nathan L Alderson, Kathie L Hermayer, Timothy J Lyons, Lowrey P King, Charlyne N Chassereau, Richard L Klein
Journal: Metabolism (2004)
FOURTH OF JULY ACCIDENT: FOREIGN BODY THROUGH BRAIN
Authors: Joel C. Swanson
Journal: JAMA (1931)

W. O., a youth, aged 18, was admitted to St. Luke's Hospital, July 4, 1929. He was brought to the emergency room, sitting in a wheel chair, an air pump plunger rod through his head. He was cold and clammy, his pulse slow and weak, with the appearance of severe shock, not unconscious, but unable to respond to questions. Immediate antishock treatment was started. The protruding shaft was cleansed with iodine and withdrawn, the patient was put to bed, and tetanus antitoxin was given. The pump shaft was five-sixteenths inch in diameter and 18 inches long. It had entered the skull through the medial and upper angle of the right orbit, without injury to the eyeball, and had protruded 6 inches in the midline at about the parietal and occipital articulations. The patient's mother stated that the young man had been placing lighted firecrackers in the pump barrel and holding
Interferon Production in Adults with Respiratory Syncytial Viral Infection
Authors: CAROLINE BREESE HALL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Respiratory syncytial virus may cause repeated infections and appreciable illness in adults as well as children. Factors associated with immunity and recovery are poorly understood. We studied 37 adults with natural respiratory syncytial viral illness and eight experimentally infected volunteers for nasal interferon production. Their response was compared to that of 25 adults with influenza. Interferon was detected in only six of those with natural respiratory syncytial virus and in none of those with experimental infection. The quantities of interferon were low (geometric mean, 6 U/mL) and did not appear to affect viral shedding. In contrast, 24 of influenza patients produced interferon and in greater quantities (geometric mean, 116 U/mL). This suggests that interferon is not involved in recovery from respiratory syncytial viral infection and might indicate a lack of a local cell-mediated response that could relate to the often prolonged course and shedding observed with respiratory syncytial virus.
Biomechanical performance measurement using wireless inertial sensors for professional and recreational darts players
Authors: M Walsh, M Tyndyk, J Barton, B O'Flynn, C O'Mathuna
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Biomechanical performance is an important factor for developing darts players. The darts throw happens so quickly (&lt; 200 ms) that even the trained eye of an experienced coach has difficulty in identifying the small movement differences that can determine a player's technical proficiency. Traditionally for high precision sports such as darts, biomechanical information is captured with an optical marker system, which is immobile, expensive and requires a specialised team to operate. Advances in wearable sensor technology allow measurement of kinematics using non-invasive sensors embedded in athletic clothing. Data from one professional player aged 24 y and ranked within the top 60 in the Professional Darts Corporation world rankings and two recreational players aged 28 and 25 y respectively were used in this analysis. A single custom-built Wireless Inertial Measurement Unit (WIMU) was placed on the proximal forearm of each participant. Each player performed 150 throws in a real game situation. Score and the projectile's final position on the target were recorded manually. As reported previously, players with higher skill level had the ability to regulate a number of variable parameters affecting outcome, for each discrete over arm throwing action, more effectively then the less skilled players. These parameters included the maximum acceleration of the throwing arm (std. dev. Pro. 0.1 g, Rec 0.35 g), the maximum speed of the throwing arm (std. dev. Pro. 0.1 ms-1 g, Rec 0.2 ms-1), and the throw timing (std. dev. Pro. 0.15 s, Rec 0.67 s). These results concur with previous measurements taken using an optical marker system. Placing WIMU's on a darts player's arm holds potential for coaches to easily measure biomechanical factors, thus quantifying performance without the need for a complex biomechanics laboratory. Coaches can use this data to fine-tune elite athletes or to screen younger players for characteristics that are indicative of a potential for high performance.
Problem-Oriented Approach to Practice
Authors: Henry M. Tufo
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The problem-oriented system provides a unique management tool for medical practice. It follows basic management principles for any complex human endeavor (ie, define goals, set standards, audit performance to those standards, and assess results). The basic tool is the problem-oriented record, which demands that statements of medical action be explicit to permit audit. This concept can be extended to provide and assess care for an entire practice.  Five years of cumulative data were assessed. The following changes were noted: (1) The ratio of patients to physicians doubled. (2) The total hospitalization rate fell by more than 20% and general medical portion by 60%. (3) Ambulatory use and cost decreased by approximately 20%. (4) Expenditures for services fell by 22%, while national expenditures for physician services increased by 28%.  ( JAMA 238:414-417, 1977)
Infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Clinical Manifestations and Their Relationship to Immune Deficiency
Authors: RICHARD A. KASLOW
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

In 1984 a large prospective study of gay and bisexual men was begun to elucidate the natural history of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. At two successive semiannual examinations, clinical or hematologic abnormalities were found up to 13 times more often among HIV-seropositive men (n = 1611) than HIV-seronegative men (n = 2646). More than 30% of the seropositive participants had persistent generalized lymphadenopathy, independent of T-helper lymphocyte (CD4) counts and most other signs and symptoms. Other clinical manifestations such as thrush, anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, fever, and fatigue occurred with only slightly reduced CD4 counts (400 to 700/mm3) and appeared to increase exponentially with progressively lower counts. A simple systematically derived clinical index using these manifestations identified more than 70% of the seropositive men with significant T-helper cell depletion. This kind of clinical index may be useful for assessing groups of HIV-infected persons, especially those whose T-lymphocyte numbers and function cannot be readily measured.
Cesarean Section Rates in the United States-Reply
Authors: Norbert Gleicher
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I appreciate the opportunity to comment on the above letters, which were indicative of the considerable interest the cesarean issue raises in the medical community. In fact, these four letters are representative of a considerably larger number of letters received in my office directly. The major issue raised is the impact of the malpractice crisis on cesarean section rates, which was not addressed in my original article. As my communication was geared toward the medical profession, I attempted to address the medical issue primarily. It seems that the editors of<i>JAMA</i>felt similarly because my only sentence referring to malpractice together with a cited reference were edited out of my manuscript during the editing process. Undoubtedly, cesarean section
Neonatal cardiomyopathy in mice homozygous for the Arg403Gln mutation in the α cardiac myosin heavy chain gene
Authors: Diane Fatkin, Michael E. Christe, Orlando Aristizabal, Bradley K. McConnell, Shardha Srinivasan, Frederick J. Schoen, Christine E. Seidman, Daniel H. Turnbull, J.G. Seidman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Heterozygous mice bearing an Arg403Gln missense mutation in the α cardiac myosin heavy chain gene (α-MHC403/+) exhibit the histopathologic features of human familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Surprisingly, homozygous α-MHC403/403 mice die by postnatal day 8. Here we report that neonatal lethality is caused by a fulminant dilated cardiomyopathy characterized by myocyte dysfunction and loss. Heart tissues from neonatal wild-type and α-MHC403/403 mice demonstrate equivalent switching of MHC isoforms; α isoforms in each increase from 30% at birth to 70% by day 6. Cardiac dimensions and function, studied for the first time in neonatal mice by high frequency (45 MHz) echocardiography, were normal at birth. Between days 4 and 6, α-MHC403/403 mice developed a rapidly progressive cardiomyopathy with left ventricular dilation, wall thinning, and reduced systolic contraction. Histopathology revealed myocardial necrosis with dystrophic calcification. Electron microscopy showed normal architecture intermixed with focal myofibrillar disarray. We conclude that 45-MHz echocardiography is an excellent tool for assessing cardiac physiology in neonatal mice and that the concentration of Gln403 α cardiac MHC in myocytes influences both cell function and cell viability. We speculate that variable incorporation of mutant and normal MHC into sarcomeres of heterozygotes may account for focal myocyte death in familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Big Fleas Have Little Fleas or Who's Who Among the Protozoa
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1970)

When an outstanding biologist who is also a master of English prose chooses to discuss parasitology for the layman, the result will be fascinating, entertaining, and instructive. Just such a book was written by the late Dr. Hegner, who won his chief fame with an outstanding and highly successful textbook of parasitology. But he also wrote in a lighter and more popular vein. This little book, originally published in 1938, is now reprinted in an inexpensive but handsome soft-bound edition. The book provides an introduction to the whole subject of parasitology. It is designed for the layman, a term that in this context applies not only to persons who know no medicine at all, but also to physicians (and medical students) who have only a dim knowledge of the subject. The exposition provides much concrete information about parasitology but, more important, invests the hard facts with general biological and social