tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ludwig's Angina
Authors: Roger G. Finch
Journal: JAMA (1980)

LUDWIG'S angina is a life-threatening infection of the sublingual and submandibular spaces, first described by Von Ludwig in 1836. Before the widespread use of antibiotics, the disease seems to have occurred relatively frequently, as evidenced by several large series.<sup>1,2</sup>In recent years, scattered case reports make up most of the available information,<sup>3,4</sup>suggesting that the disease is now either less commonly seen or recognized. Mortality has exceeded 50%,<sup>2</sup>and fatalities are still reported.<sup>5</sup>Our recent experience with six cases of Ludwig's angina seen over a 32-month period has prompted this review. Despite the critical nature of their illness, all of our patients showed a prompt and complete response to treatment. Table 1 summarizes some clinical features present on admission, while Table 2 outlines the roentgenographic, surgical, and antibiotic aspects of the management of these six cases. <h3>Pathogenesis</h3> Ludwig's angina may arise de novo, but this is
Effect of Serologic Status and Cesarean Delivery on Transmission Rates of Herpes Simplex Virus From Mother to Infant
Authors: Zane A. Brown, Anna Wald, R. Ashley Morrow, Stacy Selke, Judith Zeh, Lawrence Corey
Journal: JAMA (2003)

<h3>Context</h3> Neonatal herpes most commonly results from fetal exposure to infected maternal genital secretions at the time of delivery. The risk of transmission from mother to infant as it relates to maternal herpes simplex virus (HSV) serologic status and exposure to HSV in the maternal genital tract at the time of labor has not been quantified. Furthermore, no data exist on whether cesarean delivery, the standard of care for women with genital herpes lesions at the time of delivery, reduces HSV transmission. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine the effects of viral shedding, maternal HSV serologic status, and delivery route on the risk of transmission of HSV from mother to infant. <h3>Design</h3> Prospective cohort of pregnant women enrolled between January 1982 and December 1999. <h3>Settings</h3> A university medical center, a US Army medical center, and 5 community hospitals in Washington State. <h3>Patients</h3> A total of 58 362 pregnant women, of whom 40 023 had HSV cultures obtained from the cervix and external genitalia and 31 663 had serum samples tested for HSV. <h3>Main Outcome Measure</h3> Rates of neonatal HSV infection. <h3>Results</h3> Among the 202 women from whom HSV was isolated at the time of labor, 10 (5%) had neonates with HSV infection (odds ratio [OR], 346; 95% confidence interval [CI], 125-956 for neonatal herpes when HSV was isolated vs not isolated). Cesarean delivery significantly reduced the HSV transmission rate among women from whom HSV was isolated (1 [1.2%] of 85 cesarean vs 9 [7.7%] of 117 vaginal; OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.02-1.08;<i>P</i>= .047). Other risk factors for neonatal HSV included first-episode infection (OR, 33.1; 95% CI, 6.5-168), HSV isolation from the cervix (OR, 32.6; 95% CI, 4.1-260), HSV-1 vs HSV-2 isolation at the time of labor (OR, 16.5; 95% CI, 4.1-65), invasive monitoring (OR, 6.8; 95% CI, 1.4-32), delivery before 38 weeks (OR, 4.4; 95% CI, 1.2-16), and maternal age less than 21 years (OR, 4.1; 95% CI, 1.1-15). Neonatal HSV infection rates per 100 000 live births were 54 (95% CI, 19.8-118) among HSV-seronegative women, 26 (95% CI, 9.3-56) among women who were HSV-1–seropositive only, and 22 (95% CI, 4.4-64) among all HSV-2–seropositive women. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Neonatal HSV infection rates can be reduced by preventing maternal acquisition of genital HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection near term. It can also be reduced by cesarean delivery and limiting the use of invasive monitors among women shedding HSV at the time of labor.
It's adaptations all the way down
Authors: M. D. Rutherford
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Although antiadaptationist authors encourage us to consider alternatives to adaptationist positions, the alternatives offered do not necessarily relieve us of the burdens of adaptationist explanations. Even if something is an exaptation, it may be derived from an adaptation. If it is a byproduct, it is a byproduct of an adaptation. Even the ELM, the hypothetical exapted learning mechanism, is an evolved learning mechanism, though used outside its natural domain.
P391Hypoxia aggravates the impact of cardiomyocyte triglyceride accumulation promoted by electronegative LDL
Authors: V Llorente-Cortes, R Cal, E Revuelta Lopez, J Julve, A Rull, M Martinez-Bujidos, M Perez-Cuellar, L Badimon, JL Sanchez Quesada
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: The triglyceride (TG) content in the human heart is increased in insulin resistance-related diseases. Plasma lipoproteins are source of lipids for the heart. Electronegative LDL [LDL(-)] is a modified subfraction of LDL which is elevated in different cardiometabolic diseases wih a high cardiovascular component. Our purpose was to assess the effect of LDL(-) on the intracellular neutral lipid accumulation in cardiomyocytes under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.
Suppression of tumor growth by oncolytic adenovirus-mediated delivery of an antiangiogenic gene, Soluble Flt-1
Authors: Zilai Zhang, Weiguo Zou, Jinhui Wang, Jinfa Gu, Yunkun Dang, Binghua Li, Lili Zhao, Cheng Qian, Qijun Qian, Xinyuan Liu
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Armed oncolytic adenoviruses represent an appealing tumor treatment approach, as they can attack tumors at multiple levels. In this study, considering that angiogenesis plays a central role in tumor growth, we inserted an antiangiogenic gene, sflt-1(1–3) (the first three extracellular domains of FLT1, the hVEGF receptor-1), into an E1B-55-kDa-deleted oncolytic adenovirus (ZD55) to construct ZD55-sflt-1. Although soluble (s) Flt-1 did not affect tumor cell growth, ZD55-sflt-1 could specifically induce a cytopathic effect in tumor cells, like ONYX-015. The secretion of sFlt-1 from ZD55-sflt-1 was much higher than that from replication-deficient Ad-sflt-1 upon infection of SW620 human colon tumor cells, leading to a stronger inhibitory effect on VEGF-induced proliferation and tube formation ability of HUVECs. Moreover, marked reduction of tumor growth and long-term survival rates were observed in ZD55-sflt-1-treated nude mice with subcutaneous SW620 tumor. Its efficacy correlated with a decrease in microvessel density and an increase in apoptotic tumor cells. In addition, ZD55-sflt-1 showed a synergic effect with the chemotherapeutic agent 5-FU. These results indicate that ZD55-sflt-1, combining the advantages of oncolytic adenovirus and antiangiogenic gene therapy, is a powerful agent for human tumor treatment.
Texting Teens to Quit
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Edward Carew-Shaw Peter Hay May Gertrude McGaughey William Maxwell William Harold Newnham Ian Edwin Wilson Robertson Ian Derek Simpson Richard Stewart Stevens Andrew Alexander Buchanan Swan Denis Anthony Tolhurst Franzeska Helene ("Frankie") Willer (nee Manasse)
Authors: M B Carew-Shaw
Journal: BMJ (1998)

# Edward Carew-Shaw {#article-title-2}

Former consultant ear, nose, and throat surgeon Bolingbroke Hospital, London ( b 1901; q St George's 1926; FRCS), d 8 May 1998. At 15 after matriculation he sold his bicycle to fund his initial weeks in London and secured a post as assistant master at Wilkinson's School in Orme Square. From the age of 16 he combined this with evening studies at King's College, Strand, and two years later became a full time medical student, supporting himself by evening work in a chemist's shop and reviews of new cars. He funded himself for specialising in surgery through evening surgeries for a general practitioner in Chelsea and work as a demonstrator in anatomy. Established as an ear, nose, and throat specialist he built up a busy Harley Street practice as well as obtaining unpaid honorary appointments at several London hospitals. He was certain that war was inevitable and joined the supplementary reserve of officers two years before it was declared, being in France on 4 September 1939 and subsequently being seconded to London hospitals. Immediately after the war he trained with Julius Lempert in the United States, then master of the new fenestration operation for otosclerosis. He later resumed his hospital work and private practice, including among his patients Vivienne Leigh and Lana Turner. He bought a ruined house set in 35 acres and gradually developed a beautiful garden, planting thousands of trees and organising the planting of more camellias a year before hisdeath. He leaves a second wife, Millie.

# Peter Hay {#article-title-3}

Former general practitioner Glasgow ( b Stirling 1926; q Glasgow 1949; FRCPG, MRCGP), died of an acute respiratory infection on 24 April 1998. After holding registrar posts and publishing several papers he entered general practice and remained there, mostly single handed. He also had other appointments in occupational and industrial health. He was …
Gd-DTPA-loaded polymer–metal complex micelles with high relaxivity for MR cancer imaging
Authors: Peng Mi, Horacio Cabral, Daisuke Kokuryo, Mohammad Rafi, Yasuko Terada, Ichio Aoki, Tsuneo Saga, Ishii Takehiko, Nobuhiro Nishiyama, Kazunori Kataoka
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Depletion of Circulating Regulatory T Cells during Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Young Children
Authors: Silvina Raiden, Julieta Pandolfi, Florencia Payasliàn, Mariana Anderson, Norma Rivarola, Fernando Ferrero, Marcela Urtasun, Leonardo Fainboim, Jorge Geffner, Lourdes Arruvito
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Fil: Raiden, Silvina Claudia. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Ninos Pedro Elizalde (ex Casa Cuna); Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clinicas General San Martin; Argentina
Chronic, Recurrent Small-Vessel Cutaneous Vasculitis
Authors: Thomas R. Cupps
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The clinical experience in 13 patients with small-vessel cutaneous vasculitis limited to the skin is presented. Within the spectrum of what is referred to as "hypersensitivity vasculitis," this group of patients represents a distinctive clinical entity characterized by (1) clinical, laboratory, and histopathologic features of the hypersensitivity vasculitis group; (2) chronic and recurrent isolated cutaneous vasculitis eruptions; (3) absence of disease progression to systemic involvement during long-term follow-up; and (4) relative unresponsiveness to immunosuppressive therapy, including treatment with corticosteroids (prednisone) and cyclophosphamide. Because this disease remains limited to the skin, potentially toxic immunosuppressive regimens with prolonged daily corticosteroids or cytotoxic agents should be avoided. Treatment of local symptoms, particularly lower extremity pain, remains a difficult treatment problem in some patients.
Dendritic cell-based immunotherapy for colon cancer using an HLA-A*0201-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope from tumor-associated antigen 90K
Authors: Ji Hee Lee, Myong-Suk Park, Jun-Eul Hwang, Sang-Hee Cho, Woo-Kyun Bae, Hyun-Jeong Shim, Dae-Eun Kim, Ik-Joo Chung
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2013)
Cancer cachexia: A therapeutic approach
Authors: Josep M. Argil�s, Sebastiaan H. Meijsing, Javier Pallar�s-Trujillo, Xavier Guirao, Francisco J. L�pez-Soriano
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2000)

Cancer cachexia is a complex syndrome which occurs in more than two-thirds of patients who die with advanced cancer. The main components of this pathological state are anorexia and metabolic abnormalities such as glucose intolerance, fat depletion, and muscle protein catabolism among others. The aim of the present study is to review the different therapeutic approaches that have been designed to fight and counteract cancer cachexia. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Med Res Rev, 21, No. 1, 83–101, 2001
USE OF SODIUM CHLORID IN TREATMENT OF INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION
Authors: RUSSELL L. HADEN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The toxemia of high intestinal obstruction results from the action of some poison, the exact source and nature of which are a matter of dispute. The toxic agent causes a marked destruction of tissue protein. Whipple<sup>1</sup>and his associates have shown that, when the intestine of the dog is experimentally obstructed, there is an increased nitrogen excretion coincident with a high level of nonprotein and urea nitrogen in the blood. The increase of nonprotein nitrogen in the blood is due largely to the fact that the nitrogenous bodies are being formed more rapidly than they can be excreted by the kidney. Actual renal insufficiency plays only a small rôle in the intoxication in most instances. It is noteworthy that, notwithstanding the large amount of research work done on intestinal obstruction and the acceptance of the fact that the intoxication is essentially a chemical one, no advance has been made
THE ACCESSORY NASAL SINUSES AND PNEUMOCOCCUS INFECTIONS.A PRELIMINARY COMMUNICATION.
Authors: SAMUEL T. DARLING
Journal: JAMA (1906)

This communication contains some of the results of an investigation which is being conducted to determine the relation of inflammations of the accessory nasal sinuses to pneumococcus infections. Up to this date, July 21, 1906, the accessory sinuses have been examined with regard to this point in 52 autopsies, 37 of which were pneumococcus infections as follows: Lobar pneumonia, 22; acute pericarditis, 1; acute meningitis, 9; pneumococcus septicemia, 5. The remaining 15 cases were controls. It has been found that 92 per cent. of all pneumococcus infections coming to autopsy show in a very marked degree more or less typical pneumococcus inflammation of one or more of the accessory nasal sinuses. The inflammation is generally intense. It is fibrino-purulent in character, fibrin and mononuclear cells being abundant. Pneumococci are always present and in numbers depending on the duration of the process. A point of great importance is the age of
Agranulocytosis associated with “mexican aspirin” (dipyrone): Evidence for an autoimmune mechanism affecting multipotential hematopoietic progenitors
Authors: J. B. Hargis, V. F. La Russa, J. Redmond, S. W. Kessler, D. G. Wright
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract A case of acute, transient agranulocytosis and thrombocytopenia associated with ingestion of dipyrone is reported. This once widely used analgesic, which is now banned in the United States, was obtained by the patient as “aspirin” while traveling in Mexico. Studies of the effects of this patient's serum on purified CD34+ marrow cells, which were highly enriched for hematopoietic progenitors, showed not only a drug‐dependent suppression of the in vitro growth of myeloid progenitors, as has been reported previously, but also a drug‐dependent suppression of primitive multipotential progenitors (CFU‐Mix) and erythroid progenitors (BFU‐E). These findings indicate that autoimmune, antibody‐hapten interactions which have been reported to occur in dipyrone‐ and aminopyrine‐induced agranulocytosis are not restricted to the neutrophil lineage.
Ultrasound Examination of the Gallbladder-Reply
Authors: Royal J. Bartrum
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Dr Janower's comments are both good news and bad news to us. The bad news is that we were indeed sloppy in our definitions of "normal" and "abnormal" gallbladders. By "normal gallbladder," we meant a gallbladder which did not contain gallstones. We are aware of the work by Mujahed et al; in their article, the definition of "not normal" included cases of "chronic cholecystitis." The value of these authors' conclusion that failure to visualize the gallbladder on two oral examinations indicates gallbladder disease is somewhat diminished by the fact that they had no surgical confirmation in more than half of their cases (193 out of 345). There is also some disagreement as to the clinical significance of "chronic cholecystitis." The good news is that ultrasound is now available as a useful tool for diagnosing gallstones. How this procedure is integrated with the oral cholecystogram is up to the
Genetic identification of two major modifier loci of polycystic kidney disease progression in pcy mice.
Authors: D D Woo, D K Nguyen, N Khatibi, P Olsen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Unlike the uniform disease progression in inbred animals, polycystic kidney disease (PKD) progression within human families can be highly variable. This may be due to environmental or genetic factors or both. To determine if PKD severity can be influenced by modifier genes, we carried out an intercross between DBA/2-pcy/pcy and Mus m. castaneous involving 3,105 6-wk-old F2 mice. Large differences in PKD severity were observed in this cross. In addition, 23/ 800 phenotypically normal mice were pcy/pcy genotypically. These results demonstrated that PKD progression in pcy/ pcy mice is a quantitative trait that is strongly modulated by modifier genes. Whole genome quantitative trait loci mapping of 114 selected pcy/pcy mice (68 with the mild PKD and 46 with severe PKD) identified two loci, MOP1 and MOP2 that strongly modulate PKD progression. MOP1 (max LOD score = 10.3 at D4Mit111) and MOP2 (max LOD score = 13.8 at D16Mit1) accounted for 36.7 and 46.8% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. Two-factor ANOVA of the phenotypes and genotypes of all 673 pcy/pcy mice from our cross indicated that MOP1 and MOP2 alleles regulate PKD progression in a complex additive manner. Characterization of these novel modifying loci may provide additional insights into the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney diseases.
The effect of Massachusetts health reform on 30 day hospital readmissions: retrospective analysis of hospital episode statistics
Authors: K. E. Lasser, A. D. Hanchate, D. McCormick, M. G. Manze, C. Chu, N. R. Kressin
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Objectives</b> To analyse changes in overall readmission rates and disparities in such rates, among patients aged 18-64 (those most likely to have been affected by reform), using all payer inpatient discharge databases (hospital episode statistics) from Massachusetts and two control states (New York and New Jersey). <b>Design</b> Difference in differences analysis to identify the post-reform change, adjusted for secular changes unrelated to reform. <b>Setting</b> US hospitals in Massachusetts, New York, and New Jersey. <b>Participants</b> Adults aged 18-64 admitted for any cause, excluding obstetrical. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Readmissions at 30 days after an index admission. <b>Results</b> After adjustment for known confounders, including age, sex, comorbidity, hospital ownership, teaching hospital status, and nurse to census ratio, the odds of all cause readmission in Massachusetts was slightly increased compared with control states post-reform (odds ratio 1.02, 95% confidence interval 1.01 to 1.04, P&lt;0.05). Racial and ethnic disparities in all cause readmission rates did not change in Massachusetts compared with control states. In analyses limited to Massachusetts only, there were minimal overall differences in changes in readmission rates between counties with differing baseline uninsurance rates, but black people in counties with the highest uninsurance rates had decreased odds of readmission (0.91, 0.84 to 1.00) compared with black people in counties with lower uninsurance rates. Similarly, white people in counties with the highest uninsurance rates had decreased odds of readmission (0.96, 0.94 to 0.99) compared with white people in counties with lower uninsurance rates. <b>Conclusions</b> In the United States, and in Massachusetts in particular, extending health insurance coverage alone seems insufficient to improve readmission rates. Additional efforts are needed to reduce hospital readmissions and disparities in this outcome.
From Papal Endorsement to Southern Vice
Authors: Robert L. Martensen
Journal: JAMA (1996)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Doctors and libraries
Authors: S. Henshaw
Journal: BMJ (1992)

choose not to spend their money on private dentistry, with others not being able to afford to do so.The fact that most dentists are no longer prepared to take on new NHS patients will have the most impact on those with limited incomes, who will now have to wait many weeks and travel considerable distances to be seen.Is it appropriate to target the least well off in society, who anyway have little political influence?If dentists are concerned about their income and wish to protest, surely an alternative would be to increase charges to private patients.Certainly this would have commanded greater respect than their present action has done.