tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Development of heart muscle-cell diversity: a help or a hindrance for phenotyping embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes
Authors: A Fijnvandraat
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

Despite the advances in cardiovascular treatment, cardiac disease remains a major cause of morbidity in all industrialized countries. The extraordinary potential of (embryonic) stem cells for therapeutic purposes has revolutionized ideas about cardiac repair of diseased cardiac muscle to exciting stages. This, in turn, has challenged research on cardiac differentiation of stem cells. For instance, cultures of mouse embryonic stem cells quite easily differentiate into the cardiogenic lineage, as assessed by their potential to beat spontaneously. However, repair of impaired cardiac muscle by spontaneously beating cardiac muscle cells might impose severe risks upon a human patient. Therefore, it is of crucial importance to understand the mechanisms that underlie the development of the distinct cardiac muscle cell types of the adult mammalian heart. In this review we tried to relate cardiac morphogenesis to the development of unique molecular phenotypes of cardiomyocytes. This relationship will provide a framework to assess the significance of the molecular phenotypes that are observed in embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (ESDCs). Although for the phenotyping of ESDCs a comparison should be made with the phenotypes of the developing heart, so far none of the currently available markers allow unequivocal assignment of subtypes.
AAV-Mediated Delivery of Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Prolongs Photoreceptor Survival in the Rhodopsin Knockout Mouse
Authors: Fong-Qi Liang, Nadine S. Dejneka, Daniel R. Cohen, Natalia V. Krasnoperova, Janis Lem, Albert M. Maguire, Lorita Dudus, Krishna J. Fisher, Jean Bennett
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP), an inherited retinal degenerative disease causing blindness, is characterized by progressive apoptotic death of photoreceptors. Therapeutic modification of photoreceptor apoptosis may provide an effective therapy for this disorder. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) has been shown to promote survival of a number of different neuronal cell types, including photoreceptors. The present study aimed to test whether adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated delivery of the gene encoding CNTF delays photoreceptor death in the rhodopsin knockout (opsin(-/-)) mouse, an animal model of RP. The vector was made to express a secretable form of CNTF in tandem with a marker GFP. Cultured 293 cells transduced with this virus expressed both CNTF and GFP. The conditioned media from such cells supported the survival of chick dorsal root ganglion neurons in the same manner as recombinant CNTF. Subretinal administration of this virus led to efficient transduction of photoreceptors as indicated by GFP fluorescence and CNTF immunostaining. Histologic examination showed significant photoreceptor preservation in the injected quadrant of the retina. This protection lasted through termination of the experiment (3 months). AAV-mediated delivery of CNTF may have implications for the treatment of human retinal degeneration.
Expanding the Scales: The Multiple Roles of MCH in Regulating Energy Balance and Other Biological Functions
Authors: Pavlos Pissios, Richard L. Bradley, Eleftheria Maratos-Flier
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2006)

Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a cyclic peptide originally identified as a 17-amino-acid circulating hormone in teleost fish, where it is secreted by the pituitary in response to stress and environmental stimuli. In fish, MCH lightens skin color by stimulating aggregation of melanosomes, pigment-containing granules in melanophores, cells of neuroectodermal origin found in fish scales. Although the peptide structure between fish and mammals is highly conserved, in mammals, MCH has no demonstrable effects on pigmentation; instead, based on a series of pharmacological and genetic experiments, MCH has emerged as a critical hypothalamic regulator of energy homeostasis, having effects on both feeding behavior and energy expenditure.
From the Assistant Secretary for Health
Authors: James O. Mason
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effects of Occupational Noise Exposure on 24-Hour Ambulatory Vascular Properties in Male Workers
Authors: Ta-Yuan Chang, Ta-Chen Su, Shou-Yu Lin, Ruei-Man Jain, Chang-Chuan Chan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that occupational noise exposure is associated with hypertension, but the related mechanism in vascular structural changes is unclear.This panel study aimed to investigate effects of occupational noise exposure on ambulatory vascular structural properties in male workers.We recruited 20 volunteers and divided them into a high-noise-exposure group of 15 and a low-noise-exposure group of 5 based on environmental noise measurement in an automobile manufacturing company. We determined individual noise exposure and measured personal ambulatory vascular property parameters simultaneously during 24 hr. Linear mixed-effects regression models were used to estimate transient and sustained effects of noise exposure on vascular parameters by adjusting some confounders collected from self-administrated questionnaires and health checkups.The high-noise-exposed (85 +/- 8 dBA) workers had significantly higher systemic vascular resistance (SVR) than the low-noise-exposed workers (59 +/- 4 dBA) during work and sleep periods. Contrarily, low-noise-exposed workers had significantly higher brachial artery compliance (BAC), brachial artery distensibility (BAD), and systemic vascular compliance (SVC; marginal, p = 0.07) than high-noise-exposed workers during off-duty periods. We also found that high-noise-exposed workers had significantly lower BAC (1.38 +/- 0.55 %mL/mmHg) and BAD (1.29 +/- 0.51 %/mmHg), as well as lower SVC (0.24 +/- 0.10 mL/L/mmHg), but higher SVR (1.93 +/- 0.67 mL/L/min) compared with low-noise-exposed workers over a 24-hr period.Our findings suggest that in automobile workers, occupational noise exposure may have sustained, not transient, effects on vascular properties and also enhances the development of hypertension.
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis with postoperative bronchospasm.
Authors: P Hicken, E Frew, J C Dobie
Journal: Thorax (1980)

Recently, Gibbs' requested that patients with lymphomatoid granulomatosis be reported to broaden our knowledge of this clinical entity.We report a case whose dominant features were associated with bron- chospasm and pneumothoraces after lung biopsy.
957-111 Time Course of Impaired Coronary Vasodilatory Reserve After Reperfusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Masaharu Ishihara, Hikaru Sato, Hironobu Tateishi, Takuji Kawagoe, Yuji Shimatani, Atsushi Ueda, Satoshi Kurisu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Laboratory Acquired Coccidioidomycosis: An Analysis of 203 Individuals with Skin-test Conversion.
Authors: J. E. Johnson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963Laboratory Acquired Coccidioidomycosis: An Analysis of 203 Individuals with Skin-test Conversion.J. E. Johnson III, M.D., F. R. Fekety Jr., M.D., P. J. Kadull, M.D., L. E. Cluff, M.D., F.A.C.P., J. E. Perry, M.D.J. E. Johnson III, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, F. R. Fekety Jr., M.D.Search for more papers by this author, P. J. Kadull, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, L. E. Cluff, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, J. E. Perry, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-736_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptOutside the endemic area in the southwestern United States, coccidioidomycosis occurs primarily in laboratory workers, and is undoubtedly often asymptomatic and unrecognized. A unique opportunity for the study of laboratory-acquired coccidioidomycosis was afforded by the long-term observation of a group of personnel in a large laboratory in Maryland working with the microorganism. During an 18-year period from 1944 to 1962, 2,013 employees received skin tests with coccidioidin. Rigid safety precautions resulted in a minimum of recognized laboratory exposures toCoccidioides immitis. Nevertheless, 6 proven cases of coccidioidomycosis occurred. Of the 1,895 persons who were coccidioidin-negative on initial skin tests, 203... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 736-736KeywordsCoccidioidesCoccidioidomycosisResearch laboratoriesSafetySkin tests Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF downloadLoading ...
Association of Risperidone Treatment Response With a Polymorphism in the 5-HT<sub>2A</sub> Receptor Gene
Authors: Hsien-Yuan Lane, Yue-Cune Chang, Chih-Chiang Chiu, Mao-Liang Chen, Min-Hua Hsieh, Wen-Ho Chang
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effect of the 102-T/C polymorphism in the 5-HT2A receptor gene on risperidone efficacy. METHOD: One hundred Han Chinese patients with acutely exacerbated schizophrenia were given risperidone for up to 42 days. The patients were genotyped for 5-HT2A polymorphisms. Psychopathology was measured biweekly with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale while the patients were taking risperidone. Generalized estimating equation methods were used to analyze the effects of treatment duration, T/C genotypes, and other prognostic factors on Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale performance. RESULTS: Patients with the C/C genotype had lower total scores, negative subscale scores, and general psychopathology scores but not positive subscale scores on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale than patients with the 102-T/C genotype. Patients with the T/C and T/T genotypes had comparable total and subscale scores. The number of previous hospitalizations and the dose of risperidone also affected Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total scores. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that variations in the 5-HT2A receptor gene may influence individual responses to risperidone.
Predictive factors that influence the survival rates in liver cirrhosis patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Authors: Pei Chuan Tsung, Soo Hyung Ryu, In Hye Cha, Hee Won Cho, Jin Nam Kim, You Sun Kim, Jeong Seop Moon
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2013)

Background/Aims Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) has been known to greatly influence the survival rate of patients with liver cirrhosis. However, the factors that affect the survival rate in patients with SBP need to be clarified. Methods This study enrolled 95 liver cirrhosis patients diagnosed with SBP. The laboratory findings of their serum and ascitic fluid were examined and the characteristics of the isolated microorganisms in their peritoneal fluid were analyzed. Results The proportion of patients with culture-positive SBP was 41.1%, and 47 microorganisms were isolated from the ascitic fluid. The proportions of cultured bacteria that were Gram negative and Gram positive were 57.4% and 40.4%, respectively. The proportions of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, and Streptococcus species were 25.5%, 19.1%, and 19.1%, respectively. Enterococcus species represented 12.8% of the microorganisms cultured. The overall survival rates at 6, 12, and 24 months were 44.5%, 37.4%, and 32.2%, respectively. There was no relationship between the bacterial factors and the survival rate in SBP. Multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; P=0.001), higher serum bilirubin levels (≥3 mg/dL, P=0.002), a prolonged serum prothrombin time (i.e., international normalized ratio >2.3, P<0.001), renal dysfunction (creatinine >1.3 mg/dL, P<0.001), and lower glucose levels in the ascitic fluid (<50 mg/dL, P<0.001) were independent predictive factors of overall survival rate. Conclusions HCC, higher serum bilirubin levels, a prolonged serum prothrombin time, renal dysfunction, and lower ascitic glucose levels are associated with higher mortality rates in cirrhotic patients with SBP. Keywords: Liver cirrhosis; Peritonitis; Bacteria; Mortality; Risk factors
Tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity determines colorectal cancer patient prognosis
Authors: Christoph Reissfelder, Slava Stamova, Christina Gossmann, Marion Braun, Andreas Bonertz, Ute Walliczek, Mario Grimm, Nuh N. Rahbari, Moritz Koch, Maral Saadati, Axel Benner, Markus W. Büchler, Dirk Jäger, Niels Halama, Khashayarsha Khazaie, Jürgen Weitz, Philipp Beckhove
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

The composition of tumor-targeted T cell infiltrates is a major prognostic factor in colorectal cancer (CRC) outcome; however, the functional role of these populations in prolonging patient survival remains unclear. Here, we evaluated 190 patients with CRC for the presence of functionally active tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), the tumor specificity of these TILs, and the correlation between patient TILs and long-term survival. Using intracytoplasmic cytokine staining in conjunction with HLA multimers loaded with tumor peptide and antigen-specific cytokine secretion assays, we determined that TNF-α expression delineates a population of tumor antigen–specific (TA-specific) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) present within tumors from patients with CRC. Upregulation of TNF-α expression in TILs strongly correlated with an increase in the total amount of intratumoral TNF-α, which is indicative of tumor-specific CTL activity. Moreover, a retrospective multivariate analysis of 102 patients with CRC, which had multiple immune parameters evaluated, revealed that increased TNF-α concentration was an independent prognostic factor. Together, these results indicate that the prognostic impact of T cell infiltrates for CRC maybe largely based on subpopulations of active TA-specific T cells within the tumor, suggesting causal implication for these cells in patient survival. Additionally, these results support the use of intratumoral TNF-α, which is indicative of T cell function, as a prognostic parameter for CRC.
P320Heart development: all mesp-ed up
Authors: H Tan, FC Wardle
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

The mesp family of transcription factors is known to be involved in somite, cardiovascular, and haematopoietic development in various experimental systems. However, it is unclear if their role in cardiogenesis is universal, and if they are master regulators that affect the specification and/or migration of cardiac progenitors. Morpholino-mediated knockdowns of zebrafish mesp genes recapitulate previously reported somitic phenotypes and reveal previously uncharacterised cardiac defects in early zebrafish development. In particular, the knockdown of zebrafish mespaa confirms its evolutionarily conserved function in early cardiovascular and blood development. To understand the mechanisms by which the Mespaa transcription factor exerts its function, we utilise an integrated genomics approach to identify direct Mespaa transcriptional targets that may be affected in its loss-of-function phenotype.
Fortification of flour with folic acid
Authors: B. Wharton, I. Booth
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Thirty three years ago Hibbard and Smithells linked folate deficiency in pregnancy with neural tube defects.1 Smithells then led a series of observational and intervention studies which showed that improving folic acid status early in the pregnancy of mothers who had previously had a child with neural tube defects reduced the recurrence in that pregnancy.2 A randomised trial by Britain's Medical Research Council confirmed that finding3 and a Hungarian trial showed a reduction in the first occurrence too. 4 To reach almost all women in the very early stages of pregnancy, when few would be sure they were pregnant, folic acid fortification of a staple food has been advocated, and a Department of Health committee has now recommended universal fortification of flour in the United Kingdom. Though the benefits are clear, the possible harms of such a policy are not. We need to be cautious in implementing a universal policy.

After the initial British and Hungarian studies several others gave mostly similar results. 5 6 As a result a campaign led by the Health Education Authority in the UK aimed to improve folate status from before conception to 12 weeks of pregnancy by increasing folic acid intake from foods and supplements. A third of …
Splenic infarction and abscess after endoscopic injection of hypertonic saline-epinephrine solution administered for bleeding gastric ulcer
Authors: T. Oida, K. Mimastu, A. Kawasaki, Y. Kuboi, H. Kano, S. Amano
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

A 68-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus presented with bleeding from a gastric ulcer that had not been treated previously. Upon admission she was found to be anemic (red cell count 2.66 × 106/µl, Hb 8.4 g/dl). Endoscopy revealed a large amount of coagulated blood in the stomach, and bleeding from an open ulcer containing a distinctly visible blood vessel ([Fig. 1]). Endoscopic sclerotherapy with hypertonic saline–epinephrine (HSE) was performed. The bleeding stopped with injection of 12 ml HSE. On the day after the initial endoscopic sclerotherapy, the anemia worsened, so repeat endoscopic sclerotherapy was performed. The vessel that was noted in the previous endoscopy was persistent. An additional 27 ml HSE was injected. On day 3 after the second endoscopic sclerotherapy, the patient developed high fever (39 °C) with upper abdominal pain. Enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed a large hypodense area in the spleen, characteristic of infarction ([Fig. 2]). Intravenous antibiotic therapy was initiated, following which the abdominal pain disappeared, but the high fever persisted. On day 13 after admission, arteriography was performed, and the splenic artery was found to be obstructed ([Fig. 3]). The high fever continued for more than 7 days; hence, enhanced CT was repeated and revealed a large splenic abscess. A laparotomy was performed. The whole spleen was found to be necrosed and was debrided. The splenic artery was sclerosed by HSE injection, and there was no bleeding from the splenic artery. The postsurgical clinical course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on day 24 after surgery.
Why do we need randomised controlled trials to assess behavioural interventions?
Authors: J. Stephenson, J. Imrie
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Merits of randomised controlled trials in
behavioural and psychosocial research do not
differ fundamentally from those in clinical
medicine.
Interventions that target behaviour are often
complex and demanding, as are the requirements
of good randomised controlled trials to assess
their efficacy.
Standardising the content and delivery of an
intervention in a trial may be more challenging
than justifying randomisation during informed
consent.
When blinding of participants and researchers to
treatment allocation is impossible, it is important
to minimise bias through blinded assessment of
the outcome.
The contribution that participant choice makes to
the efficacy of an intervention is hard to measure.
Rapid Improvement in Diabetes After Gastric Bypass Surgery
Authors: Ildiko Lingvay, Eve Guth, Arsalla Islam, Edward Livingston
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Improvements in diabetes after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) often occur days after surgery. Surgically induced hormonal changes and the restrictive postoperative diet are proposed mechanisms. We evaluated the contribution of caloric restriction versus surgically induced changes to glucose homeostasis in the immediate postoperative period.Patients with type 2 diabetes planning to undergo RYGB participated in a prospective two-period study (each period involved a 10-day inpatient stay, and periods were separated by a minimum of 6 weeks of wash-out) in which patients served as their own controls. The presurgery period consisted of diet alone. The postsurgery period was matched in all aspects (daily matched diet) and included RYGB surgery. Glucose measurements were performed every 4 h throughout the study. A mixed-meal challenge test was performed before and after each period. RESULTS Ten patients completed the study and had the following characteristics: age, 53.2 years (95% CI, 48.0-58.4); BMI, 51.2 kg/m(2) (46.1-56.4); diabetes duration, 7.4 years (4.8-10.0); and HbA1c, 8.52% (7.08-9.96). Patients lost 7.3 kg (8.1-6.5) during the presurgery period versus 4.0 kg (6.2-1.7) during the postsurgery period (P = 0.01 between periods). Daily glycemia in the presurgery period was significantly lower (1,293.58 mg/dL · day [1,096.83-1,490.33) vs. 1,478.80 mg/dL · day [1,277.47-1,680.13]) compared with the postsurgery period (P = 0.02 between periods). The improvements in the fasting and maximum poststimulation glucose and 6-h glucose area under the curve (primary outcome) were similar during both periods.Glucose homeostasis improved in response to a reduced caloric diet, with a greater effect observed in the absence of surgery as compared with after RYGB. These findings suggest that reduced calorie ingestion can explain the marked improvement in diabetes control observed after RYGB.
A case of extramammary Paget's disease with depigmented macules as the sole manifestation
Authors: H. KAKINUMA, U. IWASAWA, N. KURAKATA, H. SUZUKI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Summary We report a 76-year-old man who had four depigmented macules in the genital area as the sole manifestation of extramammary Paget's disease (EMP). Histologically, many scattered, dissociated, plump Paget cells, and small intraepidermal nests of these cells were seen in all four lesions. The distribution of Paget cells extended beyond the margin of the depigmented areas into adjacent normally pigmented skin. Fontana–Masson staining revealed a reduction in, or absence of, melanin deposition along the basal layer of the depigmented lesions, in contrast with an abundance of melanin along the basal layer of the adjacent normal skin. Pigment-blockade melanocytes and melanophages were seen within or below the affected epidermis. The depigmentation in this case could have been caused by a symbiotic disorder between melanocytes and keratinocytes (including melanocyte destruction), and by a disorder in melanosome transmission to the keratinocytes. This case illustrates that a depigmented macule may be a diagnostic feature of EMP. Moreover, depigmentation is probably one of the earliest clinical features of EMP, and not a neighbouring secondary change such as occurs in the Sutton's halo naevus phenomenon.