tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genetic susceptibility to lead poisoning.
Authors: A O Onalaja, L Claudio
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Major strides have been taken in the regulation of lead intoxication in the general population, but studies using genetic markers of susceptibility to environmental toxicants raise the question of whether genes can make certain individuals more vulnerable to environmental toxins such as lead. At least three polymorphic genes have been identified that potentially can influence the bioaccumulation and toxicokinetics of lead in humans. The first gene to be discussed in this review is the gene coding for delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), an enzyme of heme biosynthesis, that exists in two polymorphic forms. The resulting isozymes have been shown to affect the blood and bone lead levels in human populations. The effects of ALAD in lead intoxication have also been studied in laboratory mice that differ in the genetic dose for this enzyme. The second gene reviewed here is the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene. The VDR is involved in calcium absorption through the gut and into calcium-rich tissues such as bone. Recent findings suggest that VDR polymorphism may influence the accumulation of lead in bone. Finally, the third gene to be discussed here that may influence the absorption of lead is the hemochromatosis gene coding for the HFE protein. The presence of mutations in the HFE gene leads to hemochromatosis in homozygotic individuals. Because of the associations between iron and lead transport, it is possible that polymorphisms in the HFE gene may also influence the absorption of lead, but this has not yet been studied. More studies will be needed to define the role of these genes in lead intoxication.
Abstract B102: Fibroblast-dependent modulation of drug sensitivity, stemcellness, and tumor cell dormancy
Authors: Janna Paulsson, Carina Strell, Pernilla Roswall, Helena Rannikmae, Anne Weiland, Lisa Rydén, Arne Östman
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Solid tumors are composed of tumor cells and different cell types making up the tumor stroma — endothelial cell, pericytes, immune cells and cancer associated fibroblasts. We focus on the impact of cancer associated fibroblasts on the stem cell properties of tumor cells, including drug sensitivity, anchorage independent growth and tumor initiating capacities. Previous work in our group showed that expression of platelet derived growth factor receptor β (PFGFRβ) in the tumor stroma is associated with worse prognosis in breast cancer. Furthermore, two experimental approaches were used to explore PDGFR-dependent paracrine signaling: (1) primary human breast fibroblasts isolated from normal as well as cancer tissue co-cultured with human breast cancer cell lines and (2) tumor cells, cancer associated fibroblasts and normal breast tissue fibroblasts derived from a genetic breast cancer mouse model. When looking at PFGFRβ expression in tumors from a randomized tamoxifen study we found that tumors with high expression in the tumor stroma did not seem to respond to the treatment. Ongoing in vitro studies are analyzing the impact of co-cultured fibroblasts on breast cancer cell tamoxifen sensitivity in vitro. Specifically we want to investigate how PDGF receptors, expressed by the tumor stroma, play a role in the sensitivity to tamoxifen by the tumor cells. We have also investigated the impact of fibroblasts on stemness properties of tumor cells derived from tumors of the MMTV polyoma middle T antigen driven mouse breast cancer model. Conditioned medium of tumor associated fibroblasts but also from normal mouse breast tissue fibroblasts increased the anchorage independent sphere forming capacity of the tumor cells in vitro. Conditioned media from the tumor cells themselves had similar effects. Tumor-supporting effects of fibroblasts were confirmed after orthotopic coinjection of tumor cells together with fibroblasts in syngeneic mice. The presence of fibroblasts resulted in a significant increase in the tumor take rate. Together these studies identify fibroblast-mediated modulation of “stemness” of breast cancer cells and a PDGFR-dependent modulation by fibroblasts of tamoxifen-sensitivity. Citation Format: Janna Paulsson, Carina Strell, Pernilla Roswall, Helena Rannikmae, Anne Weiland, Lisa Rydén, Arne Östman. Fibroblast-dependent modulation of drug sensitivity, stemcellness, and tumor cell dormancy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B102.
Metformin decreases plasma resistin concentrations in pediatric patients with impaired glucose tolerance: a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial
Authors: Rita A. Gómez-Díaz, Juan O. Talavera, Elsy Canché Pool, Francisco Vianney Ortiz-Navarrete, Fortino Solórzano-Santos, Rafael Mondragón-González, Adan Valladares-Salgado, Miguel Cruz, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Niels H. Wacher
Journal: Metabolism (2012)
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION AND ABNORMAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AND UNKNOWN DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Shoichi Kuramitsu, Hiroyoshi Yokoi, Hirotoshi Watanabe, Makoto Hyodo, Takenori Domei, Kyohei Yamaji, Yoshimitsu Soga, Shinichi Shirai, Kenji Ando, Koyu Sakai, Masashi Iwabuchi, Hideyuki Nosaka, Masakiyo Nobuyoshi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
A Needle in the Heart.
Authors: John G. Meachem
Journal: JAMA (1889)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Noticing the article in the lastJournal, by Sara A. Kime, M.D., "The Migration of a Needle," calls to my mind a case that came under my own observation about twenty-eight years ago, in the village of Warsaw, Western New York, where I was then practicing. I was called to attend Mr. T., æt, 20 years, who for many weeks had been suffering severe pain in the region of the heart, attended with violent palpitation upon making any considerable exertion. Not a moment passed, unless he was asleep, that he was not tormented with an indescribably oppressed feeling about the chest. The pulse was somewhat accelerated and irregular. I had the clothing removed from the chest, so that I could make a thorough examination by inspection, as well as by auscultation and percussion, and while passing my hand over the heart to ascertain the force of its
244 DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC ROLE OF SCCA-IGM IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC)
Authors: C. Pozzan, R. Cardin, N. Cazzagon, M. Picciocchi, V. Vanin, A. Giacomin, A. Sergio, P. Pontisso, F. Farinati
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Urinary isoamylases in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis.
Authors: S E Aw, J R Hobbs, I D Wootton
Journal: Gut (1967)

EDITORIAL COMMENT The proportion of pancreatic to salivary isoenzymes of alpha amylase has been measured in 24-hour samples of urine and the absolute value of the isoenzymes calculated from urinary amylase values.In seven of eight patients exocrine deficiency of the pancreas was accompanied by an altered ratio of pancreatic to salivary isoamylases.The quantitation of isoenzymes in body fluids has obvious applications in the diagnosis of disease.a-Amylase (E.C. 3.2.1.1.), of molecular weight 50,000, also occurs in multiple molecular forms.This heterogeneity was initially discovered in animals and later extended to man.The evidence has been principally electrophoretic (N0rby, 1964; Muus and Vnenchak, 1964: Berk, Searcey, Hayashi, and Ujihira, 1965; Kamaryt and Laxova, 1965;Aw, 1966).Extracts of salivary glands and pancreas, saliva, serum, and urine were shown to contain cathodally running bands of amylolytic activity differing only slightly in mobility.Recently the isoenzymes of amylase (isoamylases) from human pancreas, saliva, and milk have been partially purified with the use of Deae Sephadex and gel filtration thus demon- strating a chromatographic heterogeneity as well (Aw and Hobbs, 1966).Urinary isoamylases are separable into 'pancreatic' and 'salivary' according to their electrophoretic mobilities compared with marker pancreatic and salivary enzymes.This organ specificity may, in fact, be oversimplified (see Discussion).It is well known that patients with chronic pancreatitis more often than not have serum and urinary amylase values within normal limits.We were interested in studying urinary isoamylase patterns and in finding out whether patients with exocrine pancreatic deficiency exhibited a decrease in the activity of the pancreatic zone. MATERIALSTwenty-four-hour urine collections, preserved with toluene, were obtained from three groups of people.GROUP 1 Twenty-nine patients with no history or other evidence of exocrine pancreatic disease: this group also included five normal individuals.Total was 34.GROUP 2 Seven cases of chronic pancreatitis diagnosed on the basis of history, clinical findings, and one or more of the following-pancreatic pseudocyst or calcifi- cation on radiographs, abnormal glucose tolerance curves, subnormal pancreatic function tests, and findings at operation.A patient who had total pancreatectomy for carcinoma of the pancreas.Total was eight.
Rabbit papillary muscle myosin isozymes and the velocity of muscle shortening.
Authors: E D Pagani, F J Julian
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

Rabbits, ages 4-24 weeks, were injected with saline or thyroxine (150 micrograms/kg) for 7 days, and force-velocity curves were generated using papillary muscles from these hearts by a method described previously. In addition, the structure and relative amounts of myosin isozymes from papillary muscles and from 3- to 5-mg segments of the left and right ventricular free wall were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under native and denatured conditions. We found that rabbit papillary muscles may contain up to three isozymic forms of myosin (V1, V2, and V3) and that their relative amounts change with age of the rabbit and with thyroxine treatment. There were no differences between papillary muscles and ventricular free wall in the molecular weight of light chain1 (27,000) and light chain2 (21,500) of heavy chain alpha or in the peptide map of heavy chain alpha nor were there any differences between papillary muscles and the ventricular free wall in the molecular weight of light chain1 (27,000) and light chain2 (21,500) of heavy chain beta or in the peptide map of heavy chain beta. However, the relative amounts of myosin isozymes in the ventricular free walls and papillary muscles may not be identical within the same heart. Analysis of the force-velocity curves indicated that the speed of papillary muscle shortening is correlated with the relative amount of V1 myosin present in each papillary muscle. Papillary muscles that contain 100% V1 myosin shorten, under zero load, approximately six times faster than papillary muscles that contain 100% V3 myosin. Our results indicate that changes in the relative amounts of myosin isozymes are responsible, at least in part, for sustained alterations in the speed of papillary muscle shortening.
FDG PET/CT Demonstrates the Effectiveness of Isolated Limb Infusion for Malignant Melanoma
Authors: E Ronan Ryan, Arnold D. K. Hill, Stephen J. Skehan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

A 43-year-old woman presented with a nodular melanoma treated with wide excision, split skin graft, and sentinel node biopsy. At 2-year follow up, she was noted to have clinical recurrence at the excision site. FDG PET/CT demonstrated in-transit metastasis in her left thigh in addition to disease at the site of the sentinel node biopsy. Isolated limb infusion was performed with melphalan and dactinomycin. PET/CT at 5 weeks demonstrated resolution of the in-transit metastasis and the disease at the excision site. This report of PET/CT demonstrates the effectiveness of chemotherapy for malignant melanoma delivered by isolated limb infusion.
Somatoform pain disorder after road traffic accidents
Authors: L H Field
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - Brian Dalal and Glynn Harrison provide a fine example of the problems that afflict medicolegal psychiatry nowadays.1 The first is the compulsion to reject the simple in favour of the complex; the second is the propensity to reinterpret perfectly understandable human behaviour in terms of psychopathology and append a psychiatric label, which adds to the mystique of psychiatry and glorifies the …
Myocardial Infarction after the Phentolamine Test
Authors: Morton J. Gollub
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

FOR years, phentolamine (Regitine) has frequently been used as an aid in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. This is a report of a severe reaction, acute myocardial infarction, that followed the intravenous injection of 5 mg. of phentolamine.Case ReportA 65-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of hypertension. An electrocardiogram (Fig. 1A) taken during a routine pension examination 1 week previously was normal. He gave a history of slight intermittent chest pain, not related to exertion, of 3 years' duration. No medications had been taken for several months. On physical examination, the blood pressure was 240/120, and . . .
Five years down the road from Rio
Authors: M. McCally
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Five years ago in Rio de Janeiro the earth summit agreed on Agenda 21, a 40 chapter plan of action for achieving sustainable development. Progress has been poor, heads of state and environmental ministers heard at a special session of the general assembly of the United Nations last week,1 but it was not all bad news. Some promising developments have occurred in international policies and agreements. And we now know more about those aspects of global change with important implications for human health: global warming, the loss of biodiversity, and persistent organic pollutants.2 3 4 5

Global warming will probably bring extremes of weather, new infectious illnesses, threats to food production, flooding, forced migration, and a rise in sea level. Destruction of habitats and extinction of species result in the loss of materials for medical research and ecological services (such as water cleansing, pollination, and soil production) necessary for good health. Organic pollutants, particularly chlorinated hydrocarbons, may contribute to the rising incidence of reproductive disorders.

Since 1992, limited progress has been …
Dietary Composition During Weight-Loss Maintenance
Authors: Karl J. Kaiyala
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 4966: BORIS binding to the promoters of cancer testes antigens, MageA2 and MageA3, causes transcriptional activation of these genes in lung cancer
Authors: Sheetal Bhan, Sandeep S. Negi, Chad Glazer, Alice Chuang, Wenyue Sun, Daria Gaykalova, Chunbo Shao, Patrick K. Ha, Joseph A. Califano
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract BORIS or CTCFL (Brother of the regulator of imprinted sites) is an 11 zinc-finger transcription factor that is involved in epigenetic gene regulation. Boris is normally expressed only in the testes but is aberrantly expressed in many cancers. In the present study, we wanted to study the role of BORIS in the regulation of the cancer testes antigens (CTA) MageA2 and MageA3 in lung cancer. CTAs are also normally expressed in the testes but are upregulated in a variety of cancers like lung, bladder and liver cancers and melanomas. We first investigated the in vivo binding of BORIS to the promoter regions of MageA2 and MageA3 by chromatin immuno-precipitation (ChIP). We found that BORIS was enriched at the promoter regions of these genes in H1299, a lung cancer cell line, compared to the normal lung cell line, NHBE (normal human bronchial epithelial). Interestingly, we found that these genes have high expression in H1299 cell line which is also a high expressor of BORIS. On the other hand, they have very low or no expression in NHBE cells which are also very low BORIS expressors. When BORIS was knocked down in H1299 cells, the expression of these genes was reduced by 25-30%. We then used Luciferase reporter assay to see if MageA2 and MageA3 promoters were activated by BORIS. When BORIS was expressed in the non-expressing cell line NHBE, the activity of the promoters was increased as determined by the luciferase activity. Upon knock-down of BORIS in H1299 cells, the activity of the MageA2 and MageA3 promoters reduced significantly. We further investigated if BORIS binding changes the pattern of histone modification at these promoters. We found that BORIS binding at these promoters in H1299 cells correlates with the enrichment of acetylated H3K9, a modification that is involved in opening up chromatin regions. In the absence of BORIS binding in NHBE cells, methylated H3K9, which is involved with more closed chromatin conformation, is enriched at these sites. These data suggest that BORIS is a positive regulator of the cancer testes antigens and may be a key effector involved in their derepression in lung cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4966.
SOME SUGGESTED REFORMS IN THE MEDICAL CURRICULUM
Authors: URBAN MAES
Journal: JAMA (1924)

In recent years it has become the custom to separate the medical curriculum into two distinct parts: the preclinical, or laboratory, and the clinical years. This means that during the early part of the student's training—through the third and fourth years, if he takes the premedical course also—his entire time is devoted to the purely scientific branches. And it means also that during those four years he never comes into contact with a sick person, and naturally he is not impressed with the fact that his ultimate aim is to recognize disease in the living, and to apply his art in its relief and cure. The time spent in the purely scientific branches is both necessary and essential; a profound knowledge of biology, chemistry, anatomy, physiology and pathology all contribute to making the well rounded physician. But are we not building too much foundation for the structure that is to
Possibilities of detecting health effects by studies of populations exposed to chemicals from waste disposal sites.
Authors: P A Buffler, M Crane, M M Key
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Factors affecting the design of an epidemiologic study assessing possible health effects from chemical waste disposal sites are reviewed. Such epidemiologic studies will most likely be prompted either by a known release of chemicals into the environment around the site, or by an unusual disease cluster in a population near the site. In the latter situation, a method for evaluating the health effects is needed, and one possible approach is discussed. In the former situation, it may not be obvious what health outcomes are relevant. Reported associations between health effects and chemicals in humans were reviewed. Studies from the occupational and environmental literature were classified by chemical and target organ affected and presented in tabular form. No attempt was made to critically evaluate the quality of evidence for each health effect, although bibliographic documentation was provided where possible. Episodes of chemical contamination of food, drinking water and other media were also reviewed and presented in a separate table. The organ sites likely to be affected by toxic chemicals from waste disposal sites depend heavily on the route of exposure and the dose that is received. Ingestion is the most frequently reported route of exposure in episodes of environmental contamination. These have affected the hepatic, renal, hematopoietic, reproductive, and central nervous systems. The type and severity of effects were dose-dependent. Direct skin contact is important in the occupational environment where dermal and central nervous system effects have been reported but seems less likely as a route of exposure for populations around waste disposal sites. Inhalation, unless at relative high concentrations or as a result of fire, is unlikely to be important, although hematopoietic, reproductive, and central nervous system effects have been reported in occupational studies.
Protection in simian immunodeficiency virus-vaccinated monkeys correlates with anti-HLA class I antibody response.
Authors: W L Chan, A Rodgers, R D Hancock, F Taffs, P Kitchin, G Farrar, F Y Liew
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

Our earlier reports demonstrated that Cynomolgus macaques vaccinated with either inactivated partially purified simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), fixed SIV-infected C8166 (a human T lymphoblastoid cell line) cells, or fixed uninfected C8166 cells can be protected against a challenge infection with the 32H isolate of SIVmac 251 (grown in C8166) (Stott, E. J., W. L. Chan, K. H. G. Mills, M. Page, F. Taffs, M. Cranage, P. Greenway, and P. Kitchin. 1990. Lancet. 336:1538; Stott, E. J., P. A. Kitchin, M. Page, B. Flanagan, L. F. Taffs, W. L. Chan, K. H. G. Mills, P. Silvera, and A. Rodgers. 1991. Nature [Lond.]. 353:393). Protection is correlated with the levels of antibody response to cellular antigens in the human cells from which the virus immunogen was grown. However, the mechanism of protection is unclear. We report here the analysis of sera from these protected monkeys and demonstrate that there is positive correlation of protection with antibody response to the HLA class I molecule.
The Clinical Significance of Postextrasystolic T-Wave Changes
Authors: HAROLD D. LEVINE, BERNARD LOWN, RICHARD B. STREEPER
Journal: Circulation (1952)

Examination of the T wave of the beat following the pause occurring in many conditions, notably premature systoles, may show variations from the regular T waves in the same lead without concomitant change in the QRS complex. This phenomenon, when pronounced, is generally associated with evidence of myocardial impairment and is correlated with abnormal reaction to stress tests for coronary insufficiency. Inquiry is here made into the factors affecting this phenomenon, its mechanism topography, persistency and clinical significance.