tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Liver Dysfunction Following Small-Bowel Bypass for Obesity
Authors: Frederick C. Ames
Journal: JAMA (1976)

A patient with liver dysfunction following small-bowel bypass for obesity was treated successfully with intravenous hyperalimentation. The hepatic steatosis and dysfunction were most likely caused by the preferential absorption of carbohydrate in the remaining small bowel, with resulting relative protein starvation. Routine use of high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets postoperatively until weight stabilization has occurred may prevent this complication.
Virgin birth: engineered heart muscle from parthenogenetic stem cells
Authors: Sara J. McSweeney, Michael D. Schneider
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Cardiac muscle restitution, or true regeneration, is an unmet need in the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI), prompting a decade of study with stem cells of many kinds. Among key obstacles to effective cardiac cell grafting are the cost of autologous stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, the ethical implications of using embryonic stem cell (ESC) products, immunological barriers to allogeneic cells, functional maturation beyond just the correct lineage decision, and the lack of durable engraftment. In this issue of the JCI, Didié and colleagues show that cardiomyocytes made from parthenogenetic stem cells (PSCs) and deployed as engineered heart muscle (EHM) may overcome all of these formidable barriers.
SILICA FRAGMENTS FROM MILLET BRAN IN MUCOSA SURROUNDING OESOPHAGEAL TUMOURS IN PATIENTS IN NORTHERN CHINA
Authors: Charles O'Neill, Geoff Clarke, Gisele Hodges, Peter Jordan, Richard Newman, Qiong-Qing Pan, Fu-Sheng Liu, Ming Ge, Yu-Ming Chang, Eric Toulson
Journal: The Lancet (1982)
Preventing sexually transmitted diseases may not reduce HIV risk
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (1999)

A Ugandan project designed to prevent sexually transmitted diseases (STD) has shown no reduction in the risk of HIV-1 transmission, according to results published last week that conflict with previous studies.

Researchers working in the Rakai district of Uganda randomly assigned 10 community clusters of people negative for HIV-1 either to an active intervention group given intensive home based antibiotic treatment for controlling sexually transmitted disease or to a placebo group receiving …
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use is associated with cancer risk reduction in chronic dialysis patients
Authors: Shuo-Ming Ou, Yung-Tai Chen, Pei-Wen Chao, Yi-Jung Lee, Chia-Jen Liu, Chiu-Mei Yeh, Tzeng-Ji Chen, Tzen-Wen Chen, Wu-Chang Yang, Szu-Yuan Li
Journal: Kidney International (2013)
New Clues, Potential Solution to Cancer Drug’s Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Dynamics of bed use in accommodating emergency admissions: stochastic simulation model
Authors: A. Bagust, M. Place, J. W Posnett
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To examine the daily bed requirements arising from the flow of emergency admissions to an acute hospital, to identify the implications of fluctuating and unpredictable demands for emergency admission for the management of hospital bed capacity, and to quantify the daily risk of insufficient capacity for patients requiring immediate admission. <b>Design:</b> Modelling of the dynamics of the hospital system, using a discrete-event stochastic simulation model, which reflects the relation between demand and available bed capacity. <b>Setting:</b> Hypothetical acute hospital in England. <b>Subjects:</b> Simulated emergency admissions of all types except mental disorder. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> The risk of having no bed available for any patient requiring immediate admission; the daily risk that there is no bed available for at least one patient requiring immediate admission; the mean bed occupancy rate. <b>Results:</b> Risks are discernible when average bed occupancy rates exceed about 85%, and an acute hospital can expect regular bed shortages and periodic bed crises if average bed occupancy rises to 90% or more. <b>Conclusions:</b> There are limits to the occupancy rates that can be achieved safely without considerable risk to patients and to the efficient delivery of emergency care. Spare bed capacity is therefore essential for the effective management of emergency admissions, and its cost should be borne by purchasers as an essential element of an acute hospital service. <h3>Key messages</h3> Acute hospitals which operate at bed occupancy levels of 90% or more face regular bed crises, with the associated risks to patients Management interventions should focus on measures with long term benefits to counteract the growth trend in demand for admission Many initiatives have only a short term effect; they briefly delay the worst effects but do not address the growing mismatch between supply and demand Evaluating management interventions year on year at a single hospital is futile—any effects are swamped by random variations
THE DRAFT CHARTER AND THE REFERENDUM
Authors: E. D. Kirby
Journal: BMJ (1908)

<h3>Abstract</h3> X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1) is a transcription factor that plays a central role in controlling cellular responses to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Under stress conditions, the transcriptionally active form of XBP1 is generated by unique splicing of <i>Xbp1</i> mRNA by the ER-resident protein inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1α). Genetic deletion of XBP1 has multiple consequences: some resulting from the loss of the transcription factor per se, and others related to compensatory upstream activation of IRE1α. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of XBP1 deletion in adult mouse liver and determine to what extent they are direct or indirect. XBP1 was deleted specifically from hepatocytes in adult <i>Xbp1</i><sup>fl/fl</sup> mice using AAV8-Transthyretin-Cre (<i>Xbp1</i><sup>Δhep</sup>). <i>Xbp1</i><sup>Δhep</sup> mice exhibited no liver disease at baseline, but developed acute biochemical and histologic liver injury in response to a dietary challenge with fructose for 4 wk. Fructose-mediated liver injury in <i>Xbp1</i><sup>Δhep</sup> mice coincided with heightened IRE1α activity, as demonstrated by cJun phosphorylation and regulated IRE1α -dependent RNA decay (RIDD). Activation of eIF2α was also evident, with associated up-regulation of the pro-apoptotic molecules CHOP, BIM and PUMA. To determine whether the adverse consequences of liver-specific XBP1 deletion were due to XBP1 loss or heightened IRE1α activity, we repeated a fructose challenge in mice with liver-specific deletion of both XBP1 and IRE1α (<i>Xbp1</i><sup>Δhep</sup>;<i>IRE1α</i><sup>Δhep</sup>). <i>Xbp1</i><sup>Δhep</sup>;<i>IRE1α</i><sup>Δhep</sup> mice were protected from fructose-mediated liver injury and failed to exhibit any of the signs of ER stress seen in mice lacking XBP1 alone. The protective effect of IRE1α deletion persisted even with long-term exposure to fructose. <i>Xbp1</i><sup>Δhep</sup> mice developed liver fibrosis at 16 wk, but <i>Xbp1</i><sup>Δhep</sup>;<i>IRE1α</i><sup>Δhep</sup> mice did not. Overall, the results indicate that the deleterious effects of hepatocyte-specific XBP1 deletion are due primarily to hyperactivation of IRE1α. They support further exploration of IRE1α as a contributor to acute and chronic liver diseases.
Uroguanylin: how the gut got another satiety hormone
Authors: Randy J. Seeley, Matthias H. Tschöp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Prouroguanylin is a gastrointestinal paracrine signal and prohormone that is secreted after nutrient ingestion. In this issue of the JCI, Valentino et al. show that prouroguanylin is converted to uroguanylin in the CNS, which can activate guanylyl cyclase 2C (GUCY2C) receptors in the brain to reduce food intake in mice. This 16–amino acid residue peptide is a novel component of the gut-brain axis that represents a new and unique opportunity to manipulate gut-brain signaling for therapeutic intervention in obesity.
HIDRADENOID VESTIBULOACANTHOMA..
Authors: J. L. S. SMITH, J. O. COBURN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1957)

Journal Article HIDRADENOID VESTIBULOACANTHOMA.: Benign Neoplasia of Extra‐Apocrine Sites. Get access J. L. S. SMITH, M.D.(Cantab.), D.O.M.S., J. L. S. SMITH, M.D.(Cantab.), D.O.M.S. Lecturer in Ophthalmic Pathology, University of Manchester Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. O. COBURN, M.D.(Manch.) J. O. COBURN, M.D.(Manch.) Dermatologist, Manchester and Salford Hospital for Skin Diseases, Assistant Lecturer in Dermatological Histopathology, University of Manchester Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 69, Issue 6, 1 June 1957, Pages 197–214, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1957.tb13257.x Published: 01 June 1957
Treatment of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus with an oral gold compound (auranofin)
Authors: K. DALZIEL, G. GOING, P.H. CARTWRIGHT, R. MARKS, G.W. BEVERIDGE, N.R. ROWELL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Twenty‐three patients with severe longstanding discoid lupus erythematosus, unresponsive to conventional treatments, were treated with oral gold in a multicentre open study. Nineteen patients showed clinical improvement and in four of these there was complete resolution of lesions. Adverse reactions were generally mild and self limiting.
28S and 18S rDNA sequences support the monophyly of lampreys and hagfishes
Authors: J. Mallatt, J. Sullivan
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1998)

Resolving the interrelationships of three major extant lineages of vertebrates (hagfishes, lampreys, and gnathostomes) is a particularly important issue in evolution, because the basal resolution critically influences our understanding of primitive vertebrate characters. A consensus has emerged over the last 20 years that lampreys are the sister group to the gnathostomes and the hagfishes represent an ancient, basal lineage. This hypothesis has essentially displaced the classical hypothesis of monophyly of the cyclostomes (lampreys plus hagfishes). To test these hypotheses, we compared nearly complete ribosomal DNA sequences from each of these major lineages, as well as those from a cephalochordate and a urochordate, which represent a paraphyletic outgroup for assessing the basal vertebrate relationships. For this comparison, 92%-99% complete 28S rDNA sequences were obtained from the lancelet Branchiostoma floridae, the hagfish Eptatretus stouti, the lamprey Petromyzon marinus, and cartilaginous fishes Hydrolagus colliei and Squalus acanthias and were then analyzed with previously reported 28S and 18S rDNA sequences from other chordates. We conducted conventional (nonparametric) bootstrap analyses, under maximum-likelihood, parsimony, and minimum-evolution (using LogDet distances) criteria, of both 28S and 18S rDNA sequences considered separately and combined. All these analyses provide moderate to very strong support for the monophyly of the cyclostomes. Furthermore, the currently accepted hypothesis of a lamprey-gnathostome clade is moderately rejected by the Kishino-Hasegawa test (P = 0.099) and resoundingly rejected by parametric bootstrap tests (P < 0.01) in favor of monophyly of living cyclostomes. Another significant finding is that the hagfish E. stouti has the longest 28S rDNA gene known in any organism (> 5,200 nt).
Type II collagen degradation and its regulation in articular cartilage in osteoarthritis
Authors: A R Poole, M Kobayashi, T Yasuda, S Laverty, F Mwale, T Kojima, T Sakai, C Wahl, S El-Maadawy, G Webb, E Tchetina, W Wu
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

The progressive degeneration of articular cartilage is an underlying problem in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) as well as in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammation arthritides. It leads to a loss of joint function, frequently accompanied by debilitating pain.

In idiopathic OA this is a degenerative process that may cover a period of 20–30 years, culminating in clinical presentation and a need for joint replacement as the only effective means of managing this condition. There are as yet no recognisable disease modifying treatments for OA; only symptomatic treatment (pain relief) is possible.

The physical and economic burden of OA is enormous, affecting up to 15% of the total population (>50% of the aging population over 60 years of age). We face an enormous challenge in the management of this condition. Yet with recent progress in reaching an improved understanding of the pathobiology of this condition there is a realisation that there are recognisable targets for treatment. With the advent and promise of new methodologies to detect early disease and predict its progression, there are new opportunities for its future management.

In this paper we review what we know about the pathobiology of OA and how it can be investigated, focusing on the chondrocyte and the collagen fibrils that it produces which form the endoskeletal backbone of the extensive extracellular matrix.

Articular cartilage contains only one cell type, the chondrocyte. In the adult this occupies <5% of the cartilage volume: the remainder is occupied by an extensive extracellular matrix. The structural backbone of this matrix is the collagen fibril (fig 1). This is composed mainly of type II collagen. It also contains type IX collagen on the surface of the fibril.1 Immunological methods have been developed to determine the contents and measure the turnover of these molecules.2 These …
Characterization of pandemic influenza immune memory signature after vaccination or infection
Authors: Olivia Bonduelle, Fabrice Carrat, Charles-Edouard Luyt, Catherine Leport, Anne Mosnier, Nora Benhabiles, Anne Krivine, Flore Rozenberg, Nora Yahia, Assia Samri, Dominique Rousset, Sylvie van der Werf, Brigitte Autran, Behazine Combadiere
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

The magnitude, quality, and maintenance of immunological memory after infection or vaccination must be considered for future design of effective influenza vaccines. In 2009, the influenza pandemic produced disease that ranged from mild to severe, even fatal, illness in infected healthy adults and led to vaccination of a portion of the population with the adjuvanted, inactivated influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine. Here, we have proposed a multiparameter quantitative and qualitative approach to comparing adaptive immune memory to influenza 1 year after mild or severe infection or vaccination. One year after antigen encounter, severely ill subjects maintained high levels of humoral and polyfunctional effector/memory CD4⁺ T cells responses, while mildly ill and vaccinated subjects retained strong cellular immunity, as indicated by high levels of mucosal homing and degranulation markers on IFN-γ⁺ antigen-specific T cells. A principal component analysis distinguished 3 distinct clusters of individuals. The first group comprised vaccinated and mildly ill subjects, while clusters 2 and 3 included mainly infected individuals. Each cluster had immune memory profiles that differed in magnitude and quality. These data provide evidence that there are substantial similarities between the antiinfluenza response that mildly ill and vaccinated individuals develop and that this immune memory signature is different from that seen in severely ill individuals.
Phenotyping of epidermal dendritic cells allows the differentiation between extrinsic and intrinsic forms of atopic dermatitis
Authors: T. Oppel, E. Schuller, S. Günther, M. Moderer, J. Haberstok, T. Bieber, A. Wollenberg
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a clinically characteristic, chronic inflammatory skin disease of unknown origin. IgE-mediated uptake and antigen focusing of environmental allergens by dendritic cells (DCs) is assumed to be a central immunopathogenetic event. A so-called intrinsic type of AD (IAD) has been delineated from the more common extrinsic AD (EAD) by normal serum IgE levels, negative RAST tests and negative immediate-type skin reactions towards environmental allergens. The recently characterized human autoantigen Hom S 1 has been proposed to play a part in the pathogenesis of IAD.To compare clinical and laboratory data between patients with IAD and EAD, and to investigate potential differences in the inflammatory micromilieu of the epidermal compartment in IAD and EAD lesions.Epidermal DC phenotyping, a recently validated technique based on the three-colour flow cytometric analysis of Langerhans cells and the so-called inflammatory dendritic epidermal cells from epidermal single-cell suspensions, was performed on samples from 69 patients with AD (seven with IAD and 62 with EAD) and 94 controls.Patients with EAD tended to have an earlier onset of disease but similar disease duration and family history of atopic diseases. Quantitative analysis of CD36 expression on DCs as a marker of inflammation, as well as the percentage of inflammatory dendritic epidermal cells in the CD1a+ epidermal DC pool, indicated a comparable disease activity in IAD and EAD. EAD was characterized by a significantly higher FcepsilonRI expression on the CD1a+ epidermal DCs than IAD. Using the FcepsilonRI/FcgammaRII expression ratio as a disease marker for AD, values for IAD fell below the diagnostic cut-off level of 1.5 for this ratio.While IAD is clinically similar to EAD, the inflammatory microenvironment in this condition seems different from classical EAD and can be distinguished by phenotyping of epidermal DCs.
Orchidopexy before age of 10 is best for undescended testes
Authors: J A Jibril, A A Mahomed, G K Ninan, G G Youngson
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Abnormal eating behaviour and metabolic parameters are increasingly recognised as important components of neurodegenerative disease and may contribute to survival. It has previously been established that behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is associated with abnormal eating behaviour. In this study, it was hypothesised that bvFTD might also be associated with altered energy expenditure. <h3>Methods</h3> A cohort of 19 patients with bvFTD, 13 with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and 16 (age- and sex- matched) healthy controls were studied using Actiheart devices (CamNtech, UK) to assess resting and stressed heart rate. Actiheart devices were fitted for 7 days to measure sleeping heart rate, activity levels, and resting, active and total energy expenditure. Using high resolution structural MRI the neural correlates of increased resting heart rate were investigated including cortical thickness and region of interest analyses. <h3>Results</h3> In bvFTD, resting (p=0.001), stressed (p=0.037) and sleeping heart rate (p=0.038) were increased compared with controls, and resting heart rate (p=0.020) compared with AD patients. BvFTD was associated with decreased activity levels compared with controls (p=0.002) and increased resting energy expenditure (p=0.045) and total energy expenditure (p=0.035). Increased resting heart rate correlated with behavioural (Cambridge Behavioural Inventory) and cognitive measures (Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination). Increased resting heart rate in bvFTD correlated with atrophy involving the mesial temporal cortex, insula, and amygdala, regions previously suggested to be involved exclusively in social and emotion processing in frontotemporal dementia. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These neural correlates overlap the network involved in eating behaviour in FTD suggesting, a complex interaction between eating behaviour, autonomic function and energy homeostasis. The present study suggests that increased heart rate and autonomic changes are prevalent in bvFTD, and are associated with changes in energy expenditure. An understanding of these changes and neural correlates may have potential relevance to disease progression and prognosis.
New Labour shows its true colours over the blues
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a marker of cardiovascular morbidity, causing disability, loss of mobility and poor quality of life, manifesting clinically in the form of intermittent claudication (IC). Physical exercise increases the distance walked and improves quality of life. The aim of our study will be increased walking distance prolonging the time of onset of pain in patients with symptomatic PAD (IC). <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> This study will be performed in Mataró Hospital’s vascular surgery service and School of Health Sciences, TecnoCampus. This population comes from 15 primary healthcare centres ofNorth Barcelona, Spain (450 000 inhabitants). This study will be a four-group parallel, longitudinal, randomised controlled trial, blind to analysis. The main primary outcome of this study will be the improvement in pain-free walking distance. Others primary objectives are and improvement in functional status, quality of life and Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI). Secondary outcomes will be the analysis of cardiorespiratory fitness, evaluation of muscle fitness, determine the maintenance of primary objectives at 6 and 12 months. We will be included 124 patients (31 per group). The changes of the outcome (Barthel, SF-12, VascQOL-6, ABI) of the three intervention groups vs the control group at 3, 6 and 12 months will be compared, both continuously (linear regression) and categorically (logistic regression). A person who has not performed at least 75% of the training will be considered to have not completed the intervention. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> The study will be conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki . It was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Research Institute Primary Health IDIAP Jordi Gol (20/035 P),Barcelona 6 October 2020. Informed consent will be obtained from all patients before the start of the study. We will disseminate results through academic papers and conference presentations. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> NCT04578990.
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia of the Liver: Correlation of Tc-99m DISIDA ???Hot Spot??? Appearance with Histopathologic Findings
Authors: MEHUL DESAI, STEVEN KROOP, JIM SULLIVAN, VITO SANTASERI, ITALO ZANZI, DONALD MARGOULEFF
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

The scintigraphic appearance of hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia of “hot spot” seen on hepatobiliary scintigraphy is correlated with the histopathological appearance of bile ductular cell proliferation seen in this lesion.