tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Attitudes Toward Appetite Suppressants
Authors: Louis Lasagna
Journal: JAMA (1973)

A sample of US physicians has been surveyed regarding their opinions about anorexigenic drugs and their prescribing of them. Most physicians see numerous overweight patients, although 22% of the general practitioners, 43% of the obstetrician-gynecologists, and 50% of the internists do not prescribe appetite suppressants for them. Even among physicians who prescribe these drugs, there is wide variation in frequency of prescribing and in opinions regarding their efficacy. Nonamphetamines appear more popular than amphetamines. Only 25% of physicians will prescribe anorexiants for longer than three months. Legitimate prescribing is not seen by US physicians as a serious cause of drug abuse, although they appreciate the hazards of illicit stimulant usage. Most physicians do not wish to see appetite suppressants eliminated from medical use.
Black Carbon as an Additional Indicator of the Adverse Health Effects of Airborne Particles Compared with PM <sub>10</sub> and PM <sub>2.5</sub>
Authors: Nicole A.H. Janssen, Gerard Hoek, Milena Simic-Lawson, Paul Fischer, Leendert van Bree, Harry ten Brink, Menno Keuken, Richard W. Atkinson, H. Ross Anderson, Bert Brunekreef, Flemming R. Cassee
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Current air quality standards for particulate matter (PM) use the PM mass concentration [PM with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 10 μm (PM(10)) or ≤ 2.5 μm (PM(2.5))] as a metric. It has been suggested that particles from combustion sources are more relevant to human health than are particles from other sources, but the impact of policies directed at reducing PM from combustion processes is usually relatively small when effects are estimated for a reduction in the total mass concentration.
Ventricular Arrhythmias 3 Weeks After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: ARTHUR J. MOSS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

One hundred patients who were convalescing from a definite or probable acute myocardial infarction had a 6-hour ECG rhythm tape recording made just before contemplated discharge from the hospital. All ventricular premature contractions (VPCs) were identified on each patient's tape record and categorized by frequency, prematurity, aberrancy, and pattern. Seventy-two percent of the patients had one or more VPCs identified on the 6-hour tape recording, 20% had multifocal VPCs, 18% had ventricular bigeminy or paired VPCs, and 4% had one or more transient runs of ventricular tachycardia. Although 36% of the patients had a disturbing degree or type of ventricular irritability, the frequency of major ventricular premature contractions in this group was remarkably similar to that recorded in a normal healthy population, reported by other investigators using similar recording techniques. The long-term prognostic implications of the findings of this study remain to be determined by appropriate follow-up studies.
Germ Cell Origin of Testicular Carcinoid Tumors
Authors: Phillip H. Abbosh, Shaobo Zhang, Gregory T. MacLennan, Rodolfo Montironi, Antonio Lopez-Beltran, Joseph P. Rank, Lee Ann Baldridge, Liang Cheng
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Carcinoids are neuroendocrine tumors and most frequently occur within tissues derived from the embryonic gut. These tumors can occur in any organ site but are rare in the testis. The cell type giving rise to testicular carcinoid is unknown. We hypothesized that testicular carcinoid may have a germ cell origin.We describe our analysis of protein and genetic markers of germ cell neoplasia, using immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization, in four testicular carcinoid tumors.All four cases of testicular carcinoid tumor arose in a background of mature teratoma. Isochromosome 12p was identified in carcinoid tumor cells in all four samples. 12p overrepresentation was also observed in three cases. Isochromosome 12p and 12p overrepresentation were present in cells of coexisting mature teratoma in three cases. Carcinoid tumors showed strong immunoreactivity for synaptophysin and chromogranin, but no immunoreactivity for OCT4, CD30, c-kit, TTF-1, and CDX2. Membranous and cytoplasmic staining for beta-catenin was detected in three cases.Our findings suggest that testicular carcinoid represents a phenotypic expression of testicular teratoma and is of germ cell origin.
Relation of regional cross-fiber shortening to wall thickening in the intact heart. Three-dimensional strain analysis by NMR tagging.
Authors: F E Rademakers, W J Rogers, W H Guier, G M Hutchins, C O Siu, M L Weisfeldt, J L Weiss, E P Shapiro
Journal: Circulation (1994)

The mechanism by which small amounts of myofiber shortening lead to extensive wall thickening is unknown. When isolated fibers shorten, they thicken in the two orthogonal directions. In situ fibers, however, vary in their orientation through the wall, and each is tethered to near or distant neighbors, which allows shortening to occur both in the direction of the fibers and also perpendicular to them. This "cross-fiber" shortening may enable the wall to shorten in two directions and thereby thicken extensively in the third.Nuclear magnetic resonance tagging is a noninvasive method of labeling and tracking myocardium of the entire heart in three dimensions that does not interfere with myocardial motion. To investigate the presence and importance of cross-fiber shortening in the intact left ventricle, 10 closed-chest dogs were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance tagging. Five short-axis and four long-axis images were acquired to reconstruct 32 cubes of myocardium in each dog at end diastole and end systole. Pathological dissection was performed to determine the fiber direction at the epicardium, midwall, and endocardium of each cube. Strain was computed from the three-dimensional cube coordinates in the fiber and cross-fiber directions for epicardial and endocardial surfaces, and thickening of the full wall and its epicardial and endocardial halves was determined. Shear deformations were also calculated. Fiber strain at the epicardium and endocardium was -6.4 +/- 0.7% and -8.5 +/- 0.6% (mean +/- SEM), respectively (difference, P > .05). Cross-fiber strain at epicardium and endocardium was -0.6 +/- 0.5% and -25 +/- 0.6%, respectively (difference, P < .05). Thickening of the full wall reached 32.5 +/- 1.0%, composed of epicardial thickening of 25.5 +/- 0.6% and endocardial thickening of 43.3 +/- 1.0% (difference, P < .05). Fiber/cross-fiber shear strain was small (< 3%). Significant regional differences were present in all strains. A significant correlation was found between the extents of regional thickening and cross-fiber shortening.Cross-fiber shortening at the endocardium, therefore, far exceeds cross-fiber shortening at the epicardium and fiber shortening at both epicardium and endocardium. Since no active shortening can occur locally in the cross-fiber direction, the extensive endocardial cross-fiber shortening must result from interaction with differently aligned fibers at a distance. The correlation between regional thickening and cross-fiber shortening supports the hypothesis that this interaction is the mechanism for amplifying small amounts of fiber shortening to cause extensive endocardial thickening.
Vertebral prosthetic arthrodesis migration to the esophageal lumen: a rare cause of dysphagia
Authors: G. Fernández-Esparrach, A. Gimeno-García, J. Ayuso, À. Ginès, J. Bordas
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

A 52-year-old man was referred because of progressive dysphagia. He had a past medical history of recurrent spinal hydatidosis at the D1 - 2 level, which was surgically treated in 2000 and 2002 with a total corporectomy of the D1 vertebrae, removal of cysts, arthrodesis with a Moss prosthesis, and insertion of a titanium implant. In 2004, computed tomography (CT) showed the migration of the prosthesis to the posterior mediastinum. The patient underwent repeat surgery but the prosthetic arthrodesis could be only partially removed. One year later, he complained of moderate dysphagia. An upper endoscopy was performed, showing an extrinsic compression at the level of cervical esophagus with normal appearing mucosa ([Figure 1]). Because of progression of dysphagia, a second upper endoscopy was performed 6 months later, and revealed a foreign body in the lumen of the esophagus, at the level of the previous extrinsic compression, that was impossible to mobilize ([Figure 2]).
What are the supportive and palliative care needs of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and their caregivers? A systematic review of the evidence
Authors: T. Beynon, E. Radcliffe, F. Child, D. Orlowska, S. Whittaker, S. Lawson, L. Selman, R. Harding
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Background Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is progressive, can cause significant symptoms, and impacts on quality of life. Therefore supportive and palliative care might have a role in the care of patients and families. Objectives To identify and appraise the available peer-reviewed evidence on the supportive and palliative care needs of patients and their caregivers. Methods A systematic review of the literature was conducted. Extracted data from eligible papers were collated in themes relating to supportive and palliative care needs and outcomes for patients, informal caregivers, health professionals and reported service models. Results Eighteen retained papers reported a symptom or quality-of-life measure. Five reported only these measures, 13 reported outcomes in relation to an intervention. Systemic therapy targeted at disease remission was the most commonly reported intervention (12/13). No quality-of-life tool was consistently used. Pruritus was frequently reported as an outcome (n = 9) often using the visual analogue scale, VASitch. Psychosocial, spiritual and caregiver needs were reported infrequently or not at all. Conclusions No measure is routinely used to measure supportive and palliative care outcomes in CTCL. Physical needs, particularly pruritus, were reported commonly; however, qualitative evidence of experience is limited. Caregivers' needs are rarely explored. To compare outcomes from clinical studies, a single multidimensional tool used in routine practice would be useful. Further work is needed to explore a model of service that meets the specific physical, psychosocial and spiritual needs of this group of patients and their carers.
Melanogenuria—Evaluation of Several Commonly Used Laboratory Procedures
Authors: Myrton F. Beeler
Journal: JAMA (1961)

MELANOGENS are tyrosine derivatives, or water soluble, colorless chromogens convertible into melanin in the presence of oxygen. These chromogens are present in sufficient quantities in the urine of some patients with malignant melanoma to cause a deep brown and later a black color transformation of the urine when exposed to air for several hours. Such color transformation or darkening of urine is not a sufficiently consistent observation to be of great value in diagnosis, in judging completeness of removal after surgical treatment, or in early detection of recurrences in patients with malignant melanoma. Several simple laboratory procedures are widely used for these purposes; we have evaluated the more common of these. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> Fresh urine specimens sent to the laboratory for routine examination were used for controls. Urine from 12 patients with histologically verified malignant melanoma known to be present at the time of collection was also examined. All
Placing children in adult psychiatric wards.
Authors: M. Johns
Journal: BMJ (1992)

feasible, it could be judged irresponsible not to do so owing to the risk to health of not getting regular exercise.Given proper provision for it, for the great majority of the population cycling as part of the routine of daily travel has the potential for improving fitness in a way that cannot be matched by any other comparable exercise regime-for instance, the report shows that there is only one public swimming bath for every 45 000 people in Britain.
THE IMPORTANCE OF INSTRUCTION IN MEDICAL SCHOOLS UPON THE MODIFICATION OF MILK FOR PRESCRIPTION FEEDING.
Authors: ANDREW H. WHITRIDGE
Journal: JAMA (1901)

During the last fifteen years we have noticed a great change pass over the question of infant feeding, both in the minds of the laity and of the members of our profession. We have seen a few aspects of this question change from hazy uncertainty into a phase of enlightenment. This change has been as remarkable as it is encouraging to the profession. For example, it is conceded that the feeding of infants should be wholly under the control of the physician. Just as the midwife has been superseded by the obstetrician, the ignorant nurse or untrained mother must be superseded by the trained and qualified physician. This position is held by the intelligent layman quite as firmly as it ought to be held by the educated physician. That it is very frequently more firmly maintained by the patient than by his physician is largely due to those medical schools
Treatment of Staphylococcal Endocarditis
Authors: Richard E. Bryant, Robert H. Alford
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We noted with interest the comments of Kaye, Hewitt, Remington, and Turck (237:2601,1977) concerning our article "Unsuccessful Treatment of Staphylococcal Endocarditis with Cefazolin" (237:569, 1977), describing two patients with staphylococcal endocarditis treated unsuccessfully with cefazolin. Prior to publication of our article, we reviewed the literature seeking criteria by which to judge our experience. We were amazed by what we found, or rather did not find. There was paucity of critical information on which to base selection of an antibiotic for therapy of<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>endocarditis. We were soon struck by the lack of information about the relative effectiveness of the longer used drugs such as methicillin, oxacillin, or nafcillin and by even less information about the cephalosporins. We found no generally accepted technique for performing serum bactericidal titers. Though a bactericidal titer of 1:8 or greater has been associated with a favorable outcome in collected staphylococcal infections,
Crush Injury with Renal Failure: Recovery
Authors: E. J. Bradley
Journal: BMJ (1942)

A large, mass of greenish-yellow pus was found on the vertex near the median fissure (pneumococcus isolated).Base of brain clear.No arterial emboli or areas of softening seen.The brain was congested and oedematous.The ears were dry.The spleen was soft.Cause of death: ulcerative endocarditis, septicaemia.
Increased galactose clearance after liver transplantation: A measure of increased blood flow through the denervated liver?
Authors: Michael J. Henderson, William J. Millikan, Michael Hooks, Beverly Noe, Michael H. Kutner, Dean W. Warren
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

This study measured the liver blood flow-dependent index of galactose clearance in patients after liver transplantation, to test the hypothesis that liver blood flow is increased in the denervated liver. Eight normal subjects and 16 patients 1 to 8 months after liver transplant were studied. All patients were stable with no evidence of severe rejection at the time of study. Galactose clearance was measured at steady state during continuous infusion of 75 mg per min of 5% galactose. The results show a statistically significant (p less than 0.01) higher average galactose clearance in the transplant patients (1,187 +/- 316 ml per min per m2) compared to the control group (709 +/- 121 ml per min per m2). The major limiting factor in galactose clearance at low concentrations is liver blood flow, and we interpret these data as evidence for increased blood flow in the transplanted liver. Possible mechanisms for the increased galactose clearance are (i) loss of normal vasomotor tone in the denervated liver, or (ii) persistence of abnormal systemic hemodynamics after transplantation. Elucidation of these mechanisms awaits further study.
Vasopressinase and Diabetes Insipidus of Pregnancy
Authors: Sudhir V. Shah
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1988Vasopressinase and Diabetes Insipidus of PregnancySudhir V. Shah, MD, Vashu Thakur, MDSudhir V. Shah, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Vashu Thakur, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-109-5-435_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:Recent studies have begun to delineate the pathophysiologic basis for the syndrome of pregnancy-associated diabetes insipidus that begins during gestation and remits after delivery (1, 2, 3). Barron and colleagues (1) described three cases of diabetes insipidus resistant to arginine vasopressin ("vasopressin-resistant diabetes insipidus of pregnancy") in pregnant women. On the basis of knowledge that placenta generates vasopressinase (4), an aminopeptidase that degrades arginine vasopressin, Barron and colleagues, as well as other researchers, have suggested that excessive production of vasopressinase may be responsible for pregnancy-associated diabetes insipidus in some patients. In a recent report, Durr and colleagues...References1. BarronCohenUlland WLL. Transient vasopressin-resistant diabetes insipidus of pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 1984;310:442-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. DurrHoggardHuntSchrier JJJR. Diabetes insipidus in pregnancy associated with abnormally high circulating vasopressinase activity. N Engl J Med. 1987;316:1070-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Ford S. Transient vasopressin-resistant diabetes insipidus of pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1986;68:288-9. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. RosenbloomSackFisher AJD. The circulating vasopressinase of pregnancy: Species comparison with radioimmunoassay. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1975;121:316-20. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans, LA PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByDiabetes insipidus during pregnancyRenal Physiology and Disease in PregnancyDiabetes Insipidus in Pregnancy: Etiology, Evaluation, and ManagementRenal Physiology and Disease in PregnancyEndocrine Control of Water BalanceWATER: NORMAL BALANCE, HYPONATREMIA, AND HYPERNATREMIADiagnosis and Management of Diabetes Insipidus During Pregnancy5 Water metabolism and vasopressin secretion during pregnancyEndocrine Problems of Adolescent Pregnancy10 Endocrine emergencies in pregnancyAggravation of Subclinical Diabetes Insipidus during PregnancyOsmotic and Volume Control of Vasopressin Release in Pregnancy 1 September 1988Volume 109, Issue 5Page: 435-436KeywordsArgininePlacentaPregnancyVasopressin Issue Published: 1 September 1988 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Maternal asthma, premature birth, and the risk of respiratory morbidity in schoolchildren in Merseyside.
Authors: Y J Kelly, B J Brabin, P Milligan, D P Heaf, J Reid, M G Pearson
Journal: Thorax (1995)

BACKGROUND--A study was carried out to analyse the impact of maternal asthma on the risk of preterm delivery and the contribution of preterm delivery to the development of childhood asthma. METHODS--Two cross sectional community studies of 1872 children (5-11 years) in 1991 and 3746 children in 1993 were performed. A respiratory health questionnaire was distributed throughout 15 schools in Merseyside and completed by the parents of the children. RESULTS--Asthmatic mothers were more likely to have a preterm delivery than non-asthmatic mothers (odds ratio (OR) 1.49; 95% CI 1.10 to 2.02). Smoking was a separate risk factor for preterm delivery (OR 1.35; 95% CI 1.10 to 1.65). Asthmatic mothers did not have an increased risk of delivering small, growth retarded babies. Maternal asthma, paternal asthma, and premature birth, in that order, increased the risk of later childhood respiratory morbidity (OR 3.13, 95% CI 2.36 to 4.16; 2.23, 95% CI 1.62 to 3.05; 1.40, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.79). Conversely, babies who were small for gestational age appeared less likely to develop doctor diagnosed asthma or the symptom triad of cough, wheeze, and breathlessness in childhood, although this was not statistically significant (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.28 to 1.41). CONCLUSIONS--Maternal smoking during pregnancy and maternal asthma are independent risk factors associated with preterm delivery. Asthma in mothers predisposes to preterm delivery but not fetal growth retardation. Preterm birth, but not growth retardation, predisposes the child to the development of subsequent asthma.
Generalized and Mucosal Melanosis Associated with Ultra-Late Recurrence of Malignant Melanoma
Authors: T. Friedman, M. Friedman, R. Weitzen, E. Scapa
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

We describe a patient with progressive hyperpigmentation of the skin and gastrointestinal melanosis. The pigmented lesions in the stomach and duodenum served as a diagnostic sign of recurrent disease, 26 years after excision of melanoma of the skin.
Risks of acute traumatic intracranial haematoma in children and adults: implications for managing head injuries.
Authors: G M Teasdale, G Murray, E Anderson, A D Mendelow, R MacMillan, B Jennett, M Brookes
Journal: BMJ (1990)

To determine the factors influencing the risk of an acute traumatic intracranial haematoma in children and adults with a recent head injury.Prospective study of incidence of risk factors in samples of patients attending accident and emergency departments and in all patients having an acute traumatic intracranial haematoma evacuated in one regional neurosurgical unit during 11 years.Accident and emergency departments in Scotland or Teesside and regional neurosurgical centre in Glasgow.8406 Adults and children (less than or equal to 14 years) who attended accident and emergency departments and 1007 consecutive patients who had an operation for an acute traumatic intracranial haematoma. Data were complete in 8366 and 960 patients respectively.Overall, children were less at risk than adults (one in 2100 v one in 348 respectively). In both age groups the presence of a skull fracture and changes in conscious level permitted identification of subgroups of patients with widely differing degrees of risk. In children the absolute risk ranged from one in almost 13,000 without a fracture or altered conscious level to one in 12 for a child in a coma and with a fracture; the pattern was similar in adults, the risks in corresponding groups ranging from one in almost 7900 to one in four.Although children attending hospital after a head injury have a lower overall risk of a traumatic haematoma, the main indicators of risk, a skull fracture and conscious level, are the same as in adults, and the pattern of their combined effect is similar. Guidelines for managing adults with recent head injury may therefore be applied safely to children; with the increasing provision of facilities for computed tomography they should be revised to ensure early scanning of more patients with head injury.
Emergency team phone numbers should be standardised
Authors: Vittal Katikireddi
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The phone numbers used to call a hospital's emergency care team should be standardised across all NHS acute trusts in England and Wales, Lord Hunt, chairman of the National Patient Safety Association, said at the association's conference this week.

Lord Hunt has advised NHS hospitals to use the number 2222 in future, after the association found that at least …