tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lost in transliteration
Authors: C. D. Packer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Recently, I have been made to give up telephonic transcription of case notes in exchange for a voice recognition computer program called Dragonspeak, which recognises medical terminology and is trainable to the voice of its user. After a few minutes of practice, it was transcribing my medical notes accurately, but I thought I’d give it a little test with a few lines of Shakespeare.
Progress in Measles Elimination
Authors: Alan R. Hinman
Journal: JAMA (1982)

IN APRIL 1977, the then Secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (now the Department of Health and Human Services), Joseph A. Califano, Jr, announced a nationwide childhood immunization initiative that sought to raise immunization levels in the nation's children to at least 90% by October 1979 and sought to maintain these immunization levels thereafter. In October 1978, encouraged by the impressive initial gains made in the childhood immunization initiative, Secretary Califano announced a new initiative: the elimination of indigenous measles from the United States by Oct 1, 1982. Previous articles<sup>1,2</sup>have described the epidemiologic and operational history behind this effort and have presented a detailed analysis of the current features of measles epidemiology in the United States. The purpose of this article is to summarize progress that has been made toward the elimination of measles in the three years since announcement of the initiative. <h3>Present Status of</h3>
A Genome-Wide DNA Microsatellite Association Screen to Identify Chromosomal Regions Harboring Candidate Genes in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Amy Jayne McKnight, A. Peter Maxwell, Stephen Sawcer, Alastair Compston, Efrosini Setakis, Chris C. Patterson, Hugh R. Brady, David A. Savage
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

In an effort to accelerate the identification of susceptibility genes in diabetic nephropathy, the first genome-wide fluorescence-based DNA microsatellite (n=6000) association screen was performed, using pools of genomic DNA derived from Irish patients with (cases; n=200) and without (controls; n=200) type 1 diabetic nephropathy. Allele image profiles were generated for 5353 (89.2%) microsatellite markers for both case and control pools. Allele counts (estimated from allele image profiles) were compared in case versus control groups, and empirical P values were generated. Markers then were ranked on the basis of their empirical P values (lowest to highest). Repeat PCR amplification and electrophoresis of pooled samples were performed systematically on ranked markers until the 50 most associated markers with consistent results were identified. DNA samples that composed the pools then were genotyped individually for these markers. Two markers on chromosome 10, D10S558 (Pcorrected=0.005) and D10S1435 (Pcorrected=0.016), revealed statistically significant associations with diabetic nephropathy. An additional four markers (D6S281, D4S2937, D2S291, and D17S515) also are worthy of further investigation. Relevant functional candidate genes have been identified in the vicinity of these markers, demonstrating the feasibility of low-resolution genome-wide microsatellite association screening to identify possible candidate genes for diabetic nephropathy.
Oral Contraceptives after Liver Disease
Authors: A. Eisalo, A. Konttinen, O. Hietala
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Administration of oral contraceptives to 10 women was started two weeks after the normalization of the serum enzyme activities in the convalescent period of viral hepatitis, and to five women eight weeks after an operation of obstructive jaundice. Routine liver function tests were performed at intervals of two weeks for two to three months. The liver function tests stayed within normal limits during the follow-up period.
Deamino-8-D-Arginine Vasopressin Shortens the Bleeding Time in Uremia
Authors: Pier Mannuccio Mannucci, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Fiorenza Pusineri, Rossana Lombardi, Carla Valsecchi, Giuliano Mecca, Theodore S. Zimmerman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

In a randomized double-blind cross-over trial we gave either 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin or placebo to 12 patients with uremia, hemorrhagic tendencies, and prolonged bleeding times. After vasopressin infusion, all patients had shortened bleeding times, with the effect lasting for at least four hours in most cases. Platelet count, platelet cyclic AMP levels, platelet retention on glass beads, plasma fibronectin, serum thromboxane B2 and residual prothrombin, hematocrit, and plasma osmolarity were unchanged after vasopressin. A consistent post-infusion increase in factor VIII coagulant activity and, to a lesser extent, in factor VIII-related antigen and ristocetin cofactor accompanied the shortening of bleeding time. In addition, vasopressin induced the appearance in plasma of larger von Willebrand-factor multimers than those present in the resting state. The compound was given to nine additional patients with acute or chronic renal failure and prolonged bleeding times, before major surgery or renal biopsy. In these patients, shortening of the bleeding time was associated with normal hemostasis. Our findings indicate that 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin can be used for temporary correction of bleeding time and may prevent surgical bleeding in patients with uremia.
Continuous Versus Nocturnal Oxygen Therapy
Authors: W. W. ARKINSTALL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1981Continuous Versus Nocturnal Oxygen TherapyW. W. ARKINSTALL, M.D.W. W. ARKINSTALL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-94-2-275_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The lead article in your September issue by the Nocturnal Oxygen Therapy Trial Group (1) deserves comment. I should like to congratulate the authors in the multiple centres on the way they approached this collective study and their apparent attention to detail. However, I am somewhat disappointed in their conclusions and final recommendations. They have essentially related the results of their study to a single variable mortality, which, admittedly, is a very measurable end result but probably not the most important in this age and group of patients. They comment that most had decreased neuropsychological function suggesting...Reference1. . Continuous or nocturnal oxygen therapy in hypoxemic chronic obstructive lung disease: a clinical trial. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:391-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. ROBERTS S. Cost-effective oxygen therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:499-500. Editorial. LinkGoogle Scholar3. FLENLEYDOUGLASLAMB DND. Nocturnal hypoxemia and long term domiciliary oxygen in blue and bloated bronchitics. Chest. 1980;77:305-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. . Continuous or nocturnal oxygen therapy in hypoxemic chronic ostructive lung disease: a clinical trial. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:391-8. LinkGoogle Scholar2. SAHNNETTPETTY SLT. Ten year follow-up of a comprehensive rehabilitation program for severe COPD. Chest. 1980;77(suppl):311-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. FISHMANPETTY DT. Physical symptomatic and psychological improvement in patients receiving comprehensive care for chronic airway obstruction. J Chronic Dis. 1971;24:775-85. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. ROBERTS S. Cost-effective oxygen therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:499-500. Editorial. LinkGoogle Scholar1. . Continuous or nocturnal oxygen therapy in hypoxemic chronic obstructive lung disease: a clinical trial. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:391-8. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1981Volume 94, Issue 2Page: 275-276KeywordsMortalityOxygen Issue Published: 1 February 1981 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Treatment and survival in advanced breast cancer.
Authors: S C Tsiliacos, A E Athanasiou
Journal: BMJ (1979)

patients, associated with any evidence of drug-induced lupus.It is possible therefore that extension of Dr Marshall's investigation to larger numbers of patients, with appropriate age-matched controls, could result in conclusions different from those reported.However, their finding that all prazosin-related ANF patterns were of the speckled variety is very unusual.When ANF did occur in patients on prazosin in our study it was not restricted to this mor- phological pattern.This suggests that there may be some unusual factors influencing results in Dr Marshall's patients.
Abstract A46: Identification of ALDH1A3 as an important biomarker and therapeutic target for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cancer stem cells (CSCs)
Authors: Chunli Shao, James P. Sullivan, Luc Girard, Laura A. Sullivan, Alexander Augustyn, Yang Xie, Carmen Behrens, Ignacio Wistuba, John D. Minna
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract A considerable amount of evidence reveals the important roles of cancer stem cells (CSCs, also called “cancer initiating cells”) in tumor growth, metastasis, relapse and drug resistance. Our group has identified lung CSCs in both lung cancer cell lines and patient tumor samples by their elevated Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity and demonstrated that NSCLC patients whose tumors are enriched in ALDH+ cells have inferior survival, and that the ALDH+ subpopulations (ranging from 0.5 to 30% of tumor cells) are self renewing, and significnatly more clonogenic and tumorigencic (in xenograft models) than the ALDH− population. To further define the molecular profile of lung CSCs and to identify key pathways involved in lung CSC function we performed genome wide microarray expression profiling of isolated ALDH+ and ALDH− cell populations from 8 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) lines representing a variety of oncogenotypes to determine genes that are differentially expressed in these two populations. Strikingly we found that different lung cancers exhibited different ALDH+ cell population expression profiles but that the ALDH1A3 isozyme was one of the few commonly genes whose expression was elevated. (Previously our group and other investigators in lung and other cancers had found the ALDH1A1 and not ALDH1A3 isozyme to be a marker of the ALDH+ population). ALDH1A3 differential expression was confirmed by q RT PCR and elevated ALDH1A3 protein levels which in turn was correlated with the % of ALDH+ tumor cells in each tumor. ALDH1A3 mRNA levels in (N = 182) resected lung adenocarcinoma samples showe that the highest levels of ALDH1A3 were associated with inferior survival. Of great importance, shRNA mediated knockdown of ALDH1A3 dramatically reduced both NSCLC cell colony formation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo demonstrating the functional importance of ALDH1A3 expression in NSCLCs. However, ectopic expression of ALDH1A3 in NSCLC cells did not enhance lung cancer cell growth and tumor formation, suggesting that ALDH1A3 alone is not sufficient to promote lung cancer progression. We conclude that ALDH1A3 is the predominant ALDH isozyme responsible for ALDH activity in NSCLCs of many oncogenotypes, is of potential prognostic importance, and a new therapeutic target for eliminating NSCLC stem cells.
Wilms' tumor 1 single-nucleotide polymorphism rs16754 does not predict clinical outcome in adult acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: A Renneville, N Boissel, N Helevaut, O Nibourel, C Terré, C Pautas, C Gardin, X Thomas, P Turlure, O Reman, C Berthon, H Dombret, S Castaigne, C Preudhomme
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Refusing to provide a prenatal test: can it ever be ethical?
Authors: Neha S Godre
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Physical activity to prevent obesity in young children Negative outcome or protocol problem?Editor-Although the article by Reilly et al on physical activity to prevent obesity in young children emphasises that adherence to protocol was good, 1 an interview with Reilly on the Today programme (7.20 am, 6 October 2006) cited the difficulty in getting children to increase their activity as much as required-that is, not a negative outcome, but a problem in achieving sufficient increase to make the intervention effective.Which was the case?
Designing a validated patient information website: a quality-controlled information portal illustrated by skin cancer
Authors: M.S. Lloyd, A. Clark, A. Parikh, P. Butler
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article Designing a validated patient information website: a quality‐controlled information portal illustrated by skin cancer Get access M.S. Lloyd, M.S. Lloyd Department of Plastic Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, U.K. E‐mail: marksheldonlloyd@yahoo.co.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Clark, A. Clark Department of Plastic Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, U.K. E‐mail: marksheldonlloyd@yahoo.co.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Parikh, A. Parikh Department of Plastic Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, U.K. E‐mail: marksheldonlloyd@yahoo.co.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Butler P. Butler Department of Plastic Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, U.K. E‐mail: marksheldonlloyd@yahoo.co.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 157, Issue 5, 1 November 2007, Pages 1048–1049, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08140.x Published: 01 November 2007
Enhanced expression of p16 in seborrhoeic keratosis; a lesion of accumulated senescent epidermal cells in G1 arrest
Authors: S. Nakamura, K. Nishioka
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Seborrhoeic keratosis (SK) is a common skin disease associated with skin ageing and photoageing, but only limited studies have been performed on SK and the senescence of keratinocytes.We sought to clarify the genetic basis of SK and the senescence of keratinocytes.Expression of p16, cyclins A, D and E, p21, p53, retinoblastoma (Rb) gene product and telomerase-associated protein 1 (TP1) in SK was examined by immunohistochemistry. DNA fragmentation in SK was detected by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labelling method. We cultured keratinocytes from SK lesions and non-lesional epidermis and examined expression of p16, observed morphology of the cultured cells by light and electron microscopy and measured survival time.p16, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, was expressed in all cells from SK lesions, whereas normal keratinocytes expressed p16 only in the granular cells. Other factors such as cyclins A, D and E, p21, p53, Rb gene product, and TP1, were not expressed in SK cells. These results suggest that p16 expression is a marker of SK and that p16 has a role in the pathogenesis of SK. DNA fragmentation was not detected in four of five SK tissue samples; one of the SK tissue samples showed DNA fragmentation only in the superficial upper layer of an SK lesion, suggesting that apoptosis was inhibited in SK cells. In contrast, normal epidermis showed DNA fragmentation in the granular and squamous layers. Immunohistochemical examination of cultured SK cells also revealed the presence of p16. A greater number of SK cells survived after 3 weeks of culture in comparison with normal keratinocytes. Features of senescence, such as a balloon-like appearance after lengthy culture and increased amounts of tonofilaments in cytoplasm, were observed in SK cells in culture.These results suggest that SK is a benign neoplasm where keratinocytes in a senescent condition and G1 arrest are accumulated.
Private Practice: Surviving the First Year
Authors: David Breitwieser
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Reading this informal survey was an unsettling experience—not because of any innate faults in the text, but because it brought to mind my own circumstances only recently resolved. It is widely recognized that residents—and this reviewer was no exception—are frequently inadequately prepared to make the private practice decisions necessary during their residency and early years of practice. Yet this is the period when substantial commitments with farreaching consequences are the rule rather than the exception. Dr McCue has designed this text to aid residents in making these crucial decisions. In adopting a relaxed, conversational style and tone to review briefly some aspects of private practice, the author does much to allay the inherent anxiety most initially experience in this area. He properly places "Finding and Evaluating a Practice" as his first section; and he pointedly remarks in the preface that his text will not solve the personal conflicts that may
SENP1 protects against myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury via a HIF1α-dependent pathway
Authors: Jianmin Gu, Yuqi Fan, Xiaobing Liu, Lihuang Zhou, Jinke Cheng, Rong Cai, Song Xue
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

SUMO-specific protease 1 (SENP1) removes SUMO from proteins and plays important roles in the regulation of multiple cellular signalling pathways. However, little is known about the role of SENP1 in coronary heart disease. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that SENP1 protects against myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms involved. First, we found that SENP1 levels increased after I/R in human and mouse myocardium in vivo and in rat cardiomyocytes in vitro. We then performed coronary artery ligation to induce I/R injury in wild-type (WT) and heterozygous SENP1-knockdown (SENP1+/−) mice. Compared with WT mice, SENP1+/− mice had normal cardiac function at baseline but lower systolic function after I/R. Post-I/R myocardial infarction sizes were larger in SENP1+/− mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that SENP1 regulates the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α (HIF1α), a critical protective factor during I/R, in vivo and in vitro. Overexpression of HIF1α reversed the deteriorating effect of SENP1 knockdown on cellular death. Our results suggest that SENP1 deficiency exacerbates I/R injury in cardiomyocytes via a HIF1α-dependent pathway.
Modulation of humoral immune responses as a novel mechanism of action of tumour necrosis factor blockade
Authors: S Brouard, G Franco Salinas, V Jovanonic, F Moizant, P-P Tak, J-P Soulillou, D Baeten
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2010)

Based on our observations of IgM but not IgG anti-dsDNA antibody induction in patients treated with tumour necrosis factor (TNF) blockers, we proposed the hypothesis that TNF blockade interferes with the induction of T cell-dependent humoral responses. This study aimed to assess this hypothesis by assessing the induction of alloantibodies in a rat cardiac allograft model.

LEW.1W hearts were ectopically transplanted in LEW.1A rats which were treated with anti-rat …
Management of diastolic heart failure in older adults: B-type natriuretic peptide was not mentioned
Authors: Kieran M Walsh
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Editor—I am surprised that B-type natriuretic peptide was not mentioned in the 10-minute consultation by Ahmed on managing diastolic heart failure in older adults.1 A low concentration of B-type natriuretic peptide makes diastolic heart failure very unlikely.2-4 This test can be done quickly and easily in general practice.
Sacroiliitis and ankylosing spondylitis in North American Indians.
Authors: J P Gofton, P H Bennett, H A Smythe, J L Decker
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1972)

In studies previously reported a high prevalence of sacroiliitis was demonstrated radiologically in the adult males of the Haida Indian communities on the Queen Charlotte Islands off the northwest coast of British Columbia (Gofton, Robinson, and Trueman, 1966a).Pelvic x rays from other populations were compared with the Haidas in a subsequent study and major geographical differences in the prevalence of x-ray evidence of sacroiliitis were shown (Table I: from Gofton, Lawrence, Bennett, and Burch, 1966b).Table I Sacroiliitis diagnosed by Xray in adult males from six populations Source No. Percentage positive Examined (all grades) Haida 147 9-5 Male relatives* 93 9.7 Watford 98 10 Blackfeet 421 2 6 Pima 355 3 9Jamaicans (over age 35)t 80 0.0 * First-degree male relatives age 15 and over of probands with ankylosing spondylitis.t Ankylosing spondylitis is not unknown in Jamaicans.Two hospital- ized cases were not included in the survey totals shown here (Lawrence, Bremner, Ball, and Burch, 1966).on the mainland 75 miles from Bella Bella and 175 miles from the Haidas.Main occupations fishing, logging, hunting.Some nearby agriculture in estuary flatland.Moist maritime climate.Adult males over age 15 on reserve list numbered 153.
Conflicting Results of Ileoscopy and Small Bowel Double-Contrast Barium Examination in Patients with Crohn's Disease
Authors: B. Tribl, K. Turetschek, G. Mostbeck, B. Schneider, C. Stain, R. Pötzi, A. Gangl, H. Vogelsang
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

Background and Study Aims: Ileoscopy has become a routine procedure for the diagnosis of Crohn's disease of the terminal ileum. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of small bowel barium examination with that of ileoscopy.
The role of CCAAT enhancer-binding protein homologous protein in human immunodeficiency virus protease-inhibitor-induced hepatic lipotoxicity in mice
Authors: Yun Wang, Luyong Zhang, Xudong Wu, Emily C. Gurley, Elaine Kennedy, Phillip B. Hylemon, William M. Pandak, Arun J. Sanyal, Huiping Zhou
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors (HIV PIs) are the core components of highly active antiretroviral therapy, which has been successfully used in the treatment of HIV-1 infection in the past two decades. However, benefits of HIV PIs are compromised by clinically important adverse effects, such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular complications. We have previously shown that activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a critical role in HIV PI-induced dys-regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism. HIV PI-induced hepatic lipotoxicity is closely linked to the up-regulation of CCAAT enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in hepatocytes. To further investigate whether CHOP is responsible for HIV PI-induced hepatic lipotoxicity, C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) or CHOP knockout (CHOP(-/-) ) mice or the corresponding primary mouse hepatocytes were used in this study. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that HIV PIs (ritonavir and lopinavir) significantly increased hepatic lipid accumulation in WT mice. In contrast, CHOP(-/-) mice showed a significant reduction in hepatic triglyceride accumulation and liver injury, as evidenced by hematoxylin and eosin and Oil Red O staining. Real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting data showed that in the absence of CHOP, HIV PI-induced expression of stress-related proteins and lipogenic genes were dramatically reduced. Furthermore, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 levels in serum and liver were significantly lower in HIV PI-treated CHOP(-/-) mice, compared to HIV PI-treated WT mice.Taken together, these data suggest that CHOP is an important molecular link of ER stress, inflammation, and hepatic lipotoxicity, and that increased expression of CHOP represents a critical factor underlying events leading to hepatic injury. (HEPATOLOGY 2013).