tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Madurella mycetomatis mycetoma treated successfully with oral voriconazole
Authors: C. Lacroix, E. De Kerviler, P. Morel, F. Derouin, M. Feuilhade De Chauvin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article Madurella mycetomatis mycetoma treated successfully with oral voriconazole Get access C. Lacroix, C. Lacroix Laboratory of Mycology, Departments of Radiology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. De Kerviler, E. De Kerviler Laboratory of Mycology, Departments of Radiology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Morel, P. Morel Dermatology, Saint‐Louis Hospital, 1 ave Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France E‐mail: claire.lacroix@sls.ap‐hop‐paris.fr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Derouin, F. Derouin Laboratory of Mycology, Departments of Radiology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Feuilhadede Chauvin M. Feuilhadede Chauvin Laboratory of Mycology, Departments of Radiology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 152, Issue 5, 1 May 2005, Pages 1067–1068, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06534.x Published: 01 May 2005
656 NON-INVASIVE DIAGNOSIS OF CLINICALLY SIGNIFICANT PORTAL HYPERTENSION BY MEANS OF CART ANALYSIS INCLUDING TRANSIENT ELASTOGRAPHY
Authors: I. Yepes, D. Rincon, A. Fernandez, C. Ripoll, M. Salcedo, T. Chivas, M. Senosiain, A. Ochoa, G. Clemente, R. Bañares
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Genomics and Health Care Disparities
Authors: Katrina Armstrong
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Antiretroviral therapy in Africa
Authors: W. Stevens
Journal: BMJ (2004)

We should stop and think about the risks of resistance, and ways of minimising them, before increasing access to antiretroviral therapy in Africa 

Demands for the introduction of antiretroviral therapy into Africa have been growing over the past few years. On the face of it, the availability of antiretroviral therapy at what seems to be an affordable price is good news. The treatment can produce dramatic clinical improvements in people with symptomatic HIV disease and, when used optimally, can delay the progression of disease. However, the potential short term gains from reducing individual morbidity and mortality may be far outweighed by the potential for the long term spread of drug resistance if the experience of adherence to treatment for tuberculosis is repeated. Without due forethought and planning, antiretroviral therapy is likely to be introduced to Africa in a random and haphazard way, with inconsistent prescribing practices and poor monitoring of therapy and adherence. This risks the rapid development and transmission of drug resistance.

Virus strains with reduced sensitivity to zidovudine, the first drug used to treat HIV infection, were first observed in 1989, three years after it was introduced.1 Subsequently, resistance to every currently licensed antiretroviral drug has been observed.2 Drug resistance within an individual patient is not confined to a single compound, and cross resistance between drugs of the same class is the rule rather than the exception.3

Drug resistance arises by natural selection, mutant strains being selected when the virus replicates in sub-limiting drug concentrations. The only way to prevent resistance is to use a drug regimen that reduces virus replication to virtually zero (commonly equated with a plasma virus load below 50 RNA copies/ml). In this circumstance, the probability of a mutant arising to all the drugs used in a highly active antiretroviral therapy …
A murine model of peanut anaphylaxis: T- and B-cell responses to a major peanut allergen mimic human responses
Authors: Xiu-Min Li, Denise Serebrisky, Soo-Young Lee, Chih-Kang Huang, Ludmilla Bardina, Brian H. Schofield, J.Steven Stanley, A.Wesley Burks, Gary A. Bannon, Hugh A. Sampson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2000)
Localization of Insulinomas to Regions of the Pancreas by Intra-arterial Stimulation with Calcium
Authors: John L. Doppman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To determine the sensitivity of calcium injected into pancreatic arteries in localizing insulin-secreting tumors to regions of the pancreas. Design and Patients: To stimulate the release of insulin, 25 patients with surgically proven insulinomas (average diameter, 15 mm) had calcium gluconate (0.025 mEq Ca++/kg body weight) injected before surgery into the arteries supplying the pancreatic head (gastroduodenal and superior mesenteric arteries) and the body and tail (splenic artery) of the pancreas. Setting: Tertiary referral hospital. Measurements: Insulin levels were measured in samples taken from the right and left hepatic veins before and 30, 60, and 120 seconds after calcium injection. A twofold increase in insulin level in the sample taken from the right hepatic vein 30 or 60 seconds after injection localized the insulinoma to the segment of the pancreas supplied by the selectively injected artery. Localization done using calcium stimulation was compared with localization done using transcutaneous ultrasonography (n = 22), computed tomography (n = 23), magnetic resonance imaging (n = 21), arteriography (n = 25), and portal venous sampling (n = 9). Results: Calcium stimulation localized 22 of 25 insulinomas (sensitivity, 88% [95% CI, 68% to 97%]) to the correct region of the pancreas. The sensitivities of the other imaging methods were 9% for ultrasonography (CI, 1% to 23%), 17% for computed tomography (CI, 5% to 39%), 43% for magnetic resonance imaging (CI, 22% to 66%), 36% for arteriography (CI, 18% to 57%), and 67% for portal venous sampling (CI, 30% to 93%). Calcium stimulation added only a few minutes to the time needed for pancreatic arteriography and caused no morbid conditions. Conclusion: Intra-arterial calcium stimulation with right hepatic vein sampling for insulin gradients is the most sensitive preoperative test for localizing insulinomas.
A COMPARATIVE METHOD FOR DEMONSTRATION OF NORMAL DEVELOPMENT IN INFANCY
Authors: ARNOLD GESELL
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Is it desirable for medical students to become more systematically familiar with the normal? In connection with the general course in pediatrics, given at the Yale University School of Medicine, I recently had opportunity to test the feasibility of demonstrating to junior students the developmental characteristics of normal infants. The present paper is a stenographic report of one session devoted to the clinical demonstration of two pairs of normal infants, respectively 4 and 6 months, and 6 and 9 months of age.  This session was followed by a clinical demonstration of mental deficiency in infant subjects. It was our purpose, in the comparative examinations, to clarify the nature of developmental retardation by a preliminary presentation of normal characteristics; and also to illustrate the principles of developmental diagnosis.  From the standpoint of developmental diagnosis we are primarily interested in all those forms of behavior, mediated by a nervous system, which are
Do neuroleptic drugs hasten cognitive decline in dementia? Prospective study with necropsy follow up
Authors: R. McShane, J. Keene, K. Gedling, C. Fairburn, R. Jacoby, T. Hope
Journal: BMJ (1997)

To investigate the contribution of neuroleptic drugs to cognitive decline in dementia.Two year prospective, longitudinal study consisting of interviews every four months, with necropsy follow up.Community settings in Oxfordshire.71 subjects with dementia, initially living at home with informant.Cognitive function (score from expanded minimental state examination); behavioural problems (physical aggression, hallucinations, persecutory ideas, and disturbance of diurnal rhythm); and postmortem neuropathological assessment (cortical Lewy body pathology).The mean (SE) decline in cognitive score in the 16 patients who took neuroleptics was twice that in the patients who did not (20.7 (2.9) v 9.3 (1.3), P = 0.002). An increased rate of decline was also associated with aggression, disturbed diurnal rhythm, and persecutory ideas. However, only use of neuroleptics and severity of persecutory ideas were independently associated with more rapid cognitive decline when all other variables were adjusted for. The start of neuroleptic treatment coincided with more rapid cognitive decline: median rate of decline was 5 (interquartile range 8.5) points per year before treatment and 11 (12) points per year after treatment (P = 0.02). Cortical Lewy body pathology did not account for association between neuroleptic use and more rapid decline.Neuroleptic drugs that are sometimes used to treat behavioural complications of dementia may worsen already poor cognitive function. Randomised controlled trials are needed to confirm a causal relation.
Insulin resistance, abnormal energy metabolism and increased ischemic damage in the chronically infarcted rat heart
Authors: A MURRAY, C LYGATE, M COLE, C CARR, G RADDA, S NEUBAUER, K CLARKE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Objective Many patients with heart failure have whole-body insulin resistance and reduced cardiac fluorodeoxyglucose uptake, but whether these metabolic changes have detrimental effects on the heart is unknown. Here, we tested whether there is a link between insulin resistance and ischemic damage in the chronically infarcted Wistar rat heart, postulating that the heart would have decreased insulin sensitivity, with lower GLUT4 glucose transporter protein levels due to high circulating free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations. A decreased capacity for glucose uptake would lower glycolytic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and thereby increase ischemic injury in the infarcted heart.
The Cult of the Swan-Ganz Catheter
Authors: EUGENE D. ROBIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

The use of pulmonary artery flow-directed catheters has assumed epidemic proportions without clinical trials establishing improved outcome as a result of their use. During the past 10 years, however, it has become clear that improved outcome is found only in small groups of patients and that use of these catheters is associated with considerable risks of morbidity and mortality. A clinical trial is urgently needed to assess the balance between risks and benefits. While awaiting such trials, physicians should limit catheter use to circumstances in which there is a large probability that the data will result in more effective management; the measurements should only be used to answer specific questions about patient therapy. This situation will occur in a relatively small number of patients.
Repeated Dialysis in Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: W. J. Kolff
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I have read with interest the article by Kretchmar and associates concerning dialysis in patients in chronic renal failure (<i>JAMA</i><b>185</b>:1030 [June 29] 1963). The authors have prolonged the life of a patient in chronic renal failure and have returned her to a relatively happy and useful state for a number of months. They have done more for their patient than physicians who merely say that nothing can be done, and they should be commended for the fact that they have tried. However, had the dialyses been performed according to a fixed schedule twice weekly, so that the urea nitrogen, sodium, and water could have been controlled and gradually maintained at a lower level, it is very likely that this patient would still be alive. Complications such as convulsions during a dialysis are practically never seen with the use of the twin-coil kidney if it is
Trends in the incidence of polycythemia vera among olmsted county, Minnesota residents, 1935–1989
Authors: Basilio J. Anía, Vera J. Suman, Janet L. Sobell, Mary B. Codd, Murray N. Silverstein, L. Joseph Melton
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract To investigate the suggestion that the incidence of polycythemia vera has increased in recent decades, we ascertained secular trends in the incidence of polycythemia vera in Olmsted County, Minnesota, over the 55‐year period, 1935–1989. The inpatient and outpatient medical records of all potential cases of polycythemia vera in Olmsted County residents were reviewed and the diagnostic criteria of the Polycythemia Vera Study Group were applied. We found no indication of an increase in the age‐ and sex‐adjusted incidence of polycythemia vera, which averaged 1.9 per 100,000 person‐years (95% C.I., 1.4–2.5) over the study period. Incidence rates increased with age, and age‐adjusted incidence rates were greater for men (2.8 per 100,000 person‐years; 95% C.I., 1.8–3.9) than for women (1.3 per 100,000 person‐years; 95% C.I., 0.7–1.9), with the highest incidence rate (23.5 per 100,000 person‐years) among men aged 70–79 years. Survival was reduced in this inception cohort of 50 cases, compared to that expected for individuals of like age and sex ( P &lt; 0.0001); median survival following diagnosis was 7.2 years. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
IMAGING CHARACTERIZATION OF A PROTOTYPE DEDICATED INSTRUMENT FOR POSITRON EMISSION MAMMOGRAPHY
Authors: I. N. Weinberg, J. A. Frank, A. Markowitz, S. Majewski, A. Weisenberger, C. J. Thompson, K. Murthy, F. Mako
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

Weinberg, I.; Frank, J. A.; Markowitz, A.; Majewski, S.; Weisenberger, A.; Thompson, C. J.; Murthy, K.; Mako, F. Author Information
Is upward basal cell movement independent of mitosis in the normal epidermis?
Authors: E. MITRANI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

An analysis has been made of the possible mechanisms by which cells leave the basal layer distally during cell replacement in the steady state mammalian epidermis. Etoh's concept (1975) of cells actively migrating from the basal layer is challenged. Computer experiments suggest that if basal cell migration is an active process, the rate of cell migration consistent with the kinetics of the process being examined would yield a depopulation value far higher than the one observed experimentally. We found by contrast that rates of migration comparable to those found experimentally after mitosis inhibition by irradiation were obtained in our computer simulation experiments if it was assumed that distal basal cell migration is a passive event resulting from cells being extruded from the basal layer. We believe that there is not at present sufficient data to support the concept of active cell migration from the basal layer. The evidence favours the concept that in normal steady state epidermal populations, cells are passively removed from the basal layer as a result of forces generated, directly or indirectly, by dividing cells.
Potential nonmonotonous association between di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure and atopic dermatitis in<scp>K</scp>orean children
Authors: W.J. Choi, H.J. Kwon, S. Hong, W.R. Lim, H. Kim, J. Kim, C. Kim, K.S. Kim
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Background Concerns have emerged about the adverse effect of phthalates on human health. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the association between di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposure and atopic dermatitis (AD) in Korean children, focusing on the potential dose–response relationship. Methods A matched case–control study was conducted from May to October 2012. Subjects from 3 to 6 years of age were recruited from kindergartens and daycare centres in Seoul, Korea. The clinical diagnosis of AD was made by dermatologists. A total of 224 cases and 224 age- and sex-matched controls were included. The levels of two phthalate metabolites [mono(2-ethyl-5-hydrohexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) and mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP)] of DEHP in urine samples were measured. Results The effects of DEHP varied by age, and an increased risk for AD was associated with DEHP at age 3 years (odds radio 2·51, 95% confidence interval 1·02–6·20). The association was in the opposite direction in the other age groups although there was no statistical significance. The effects of DEHP on AD was observed differently by the level of the body burden. The predicted risk for AD based on the results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed a nonmonotonous association (U-shaped) between the level of DEHP and the risk of AD. Conclusions This finding might suggest that the effects of DEHP on AD may be different according to the exposure level or age of the subject. Further longitudinal investigations with a suitable design to investigate the nonmonotonous association should be encouraged.
Hepatic Abscess and Osteomyelitis From Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Joel M. Goldman
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<i>KLEBSIELLA pneumoniae</i>is an unusual cause of hepatic abscess and a rare cause of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis of long bones. We describe a case of hepatic abscess and acute osteomyelitis of both tibias seeded from a urinary tract infection in an otherwise healthy man. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 48-year-old black man was hospitalized with a ten-day history of fever, chills, malaise, anorexia, and weight loss. Four days before admission, a constant, sharp, right upper quadrant pain developed. There were episodes of frequency, nocturia, and urgency with incontinence during the previous six months but no such complaints on admission. There was no history of genitourinary (GU) instrumentation or urinary tract infection. Admission vital signs included temperature, 39.5 °C; pulse rate, 100 beats per minute; respirations, 18/min; and blood pressure, 140/90 mm Hg. The patient was diaphoretic, with right upper quadrant pain aggravated by inspiration. There was no scleral icterus. The
Burkitt lymphoma is immunophenotypically different from Burkitt-like lymphoma in young persons
Authors: R.E. Hutchison, C. Finch, J. Kepner, C. Fuller, P. Bowman, M. Link, M. Schwenn, J. Laver, S. Desai, D. Barrett, S.B. Murphy
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2000)
An holistic approach to recovery from an overuse injury in a games player.
Authors: M A Nimmo, D McLean, N Mutrie, S McKenzie
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1986)

The management of a chronic injury to an international squash player is described. By good physiotherapeutic management and the involvement of an interdisciplinary team it was possible to make gains in the non-playing period. The rehabilitation period included physiological assessment on the basis of which a training programme was devised with target goals set throughout the period. Mental rehearsal of skills was included at all stages. As a result, the player's confidence was maintained and fitness levels improved. The long term prognosis has been good. The model could be applied to any sports injury.
Preventing Traffic Fatalities-Reply
Authors: Anders Ottosson
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In Reply.—  In our article, the main issue was not to discuss the topic of preventing accidents from occurring but to describe and evaluate a trauma care system. We did not address the questions raised by the writers of the letter. Nevertheless, we can provide some data that are interesting when primary prevention of traffic fatalities is discussed.  The number of traffic fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants was 9.1 in Sweden and 18.9 in the United States in 1982. 1 Of the numerous factors that can account for this difference, we will comment on primary prevention like reduced drunk driving and the use of seat belts and helmets.  1. Alcohol. As stated by the writers of the letter, more than one third of traffic fatality victims are legally intoxicated in the United States. In our investigation, 17% were legally intoxicated at the time of the accident, ie, 21 of the 126
Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction: Pancreaticobiliary Sphincterotomy with Pancreatic Stent Placement Has a Lower Rate of Pancreatitis Than Biliary Sphincterotomy Alone
Authors: E. L. Fogel, D. Eversman, P. Jamidar, S. Sherman, G. A. Lehman
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Background and Study Aims: Patients with suspected or documented sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) who undergo standard biliary sphincterotomy have high rates of post-procedure pancreatitis. Approximately 75 % of such patients have elevated basal pressures of the pancreatic sphincter. Biliary sphincterotomy (BES) on its own leaves the pancreatic sphincter unablated and may cause transient edema which aggravates the increase in pancreatic sphincter pressure. Combined pancreaticobiliary therapy (PBR), using pancreatic stenting in addition to sphincterotomy may therefore be safer.
Idiopathic non-cirrhotic intrahepatic portal hypertension in the West: a re-evaluation in 28 patients
Authors: S Hillaire, E Bonte, M-H Denninger, N Casadevall, J-F Cadranel, D Lebrec, D Valla, C Degott
Journal: Gut (2002)

Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension of unknown cause is a poorly understood condition attributed to obstructive portal venopathy.
δ Agent Infection in Patients with Chronic Liver Diseases and Hepatocellular Carcinoma-An Infrequent Finding in Taiwan
Authors: Ding-Shinn Chen, Ming-Yang Lai, Juei-Low Sung
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

Taiwanese have a high prevalence of HBsAg carrier rate and chronic liver diseases. To evaluate the role of delta (δ) agent infection in our patients, 45 HBsAg-positive patients with chronic active hepatitis, 4 with chronic persistent hepatitis and 11 with HBsAg-positive hepatocellular carcinoma were studied for δ antibody by radioimmunoassay of serum; liver was studied for δ antigen by immunofluorescence in 23 patients. δ Antibody was only found in three patients with chronic active hepatitis (6.7%); the prevalence was 5% in HBsAg-positive chronic liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma. None of the liver specimens studied had δ antigen. The study indicates that δ agent infection does not seem to play an important role in chronic liver diseases and hepatocarcinoma in Chinese who live in Taiwan, despite a high prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection.