tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hyperventilation with Dry Air Increases Airway Surface Fluid Osmolality in Canine Peripheral Airways
Authors: ARTHUR N. FREED, MICHAEL S. DAVIS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Hyperventilation-induced bronchoconstriction (HIB) is a component of exercise-induced asthma (EIA) believed to result from the penetration of unconditioned air into the lung periphery. We used a canine model of EIA to examine the effect of hyperventilation on airway surface fluid (ASF) volume and osmolality, and to determine if the observed kinetics support the hypothesis that hyperventilation-induced changes in ASF osmolality initiate bronchoconstriction. Exposure of sublobar airways to dry air at baseline insufflation resulted in stable measurements of ASF volume, ASF osmolality, and peripheral airway resistance (Rp). Baseline insufflation of warm humidified air increased ASF volume, but did not alter ASF osmolality. Hyperventilation challenge with warm humidified air (WAC) increased Rp and ASF volume, but decreased ASF osmolality. Dry air challenge (DAC) increased Rp, ASF volume, and ASF osmolality. ASF osmolality during DAC was markedly higher when compared with posthyperventilation values. Post-DAC changes in ( Δ ) ASF volume and osmolality were poorly correlated with the development of HIB. In contrast to Δ ASF after DAC, Δ ASF osmolality during DAC was strongly correlated with HIB, and tended to be inversely related to Δ ASF volume. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that changes in airway osmolality during hyperventilation initiate peripheral airway constriction.
The major histocompatibility complex-restricted antigen receptor on T cells. I. Isolation with a monoclonal antibody.
Authors: K Haskins, R Kubo, J White, M Pigeon, J Kappler, P Marrack
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

An antibody-secreting B cell hybridoma, KJ1-26.1, has been prepared from mice immunized with the T cell hybridoma DO-11.10, which recognizes chicken ovalbumin in association with I-Ad (cOVA/I-Ad). KJ1-26.1 blocks I-restricted antigen recognition by DO-11.10 and a subclone of this T cell hybridoma, DO-11.10.24, which has the same specificity for cOVA/I-Ad as its parent. KJ1-26.1 does not block I-restricted antigen recognition by any other T cell hybridoma tested, including a number of T cell hybridomas closely related to DO-11.10, with similar, but not identical, specificities for antigen/I. Moreover, KJ1-26.1 binds to DO-11.10 and DO-11.10.24, but not to any other T cell hybridomas tested, including three subclones of DO-11.10 that have lost the ability to recognize cOVA/I-Ad. Thus, in every regard KJ1-26.1 appears to be binding to all or part of the receptors for antigen/I on the T cell hybridoma DO-11.10. KJ1-26.1 appears to bind to approximately 15,000 molecules/cell on the surface of DO-11.10. The antibody precipitates an 80,000 dimer from the cells, which on reduction migrates as 40-44,000 monomers. The receptor(s) for antigen/I on DO-11.10 therefore includes molecules with these properties.
Evidence for suppression of parathyroid gland activity by hypermagnesemia
Authors: Shaul G. Massry, Jack W. Coburn, Charles R. Kleeman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

The effect of hypermagnesemia, produced by MgCl(2) infusion, on the activity of parathyroid glands, as assessed by changes in levels of serum calcium (S(Ca)) and in the fraction of filtered phosphate excreted (C(P)/C(Cr)), was studied in 11 intact and 4 thyroparathyroidectomized (T-PTX) dogs. To exclude the effect of diurnal variation in C(P)/C(Cr) on the results, studies were initiated in both morning and afternoon hours and each study with MgCl(2) infusion was paired with a control experiment in the same dog not receiving MgCl(2). During MgCl(2) infusion, serum phosphorus rose progressively. Despite this rise, the levels of C(P)/C(Cr) fell in all experiments and were significantly different from values observed at the same time of the day in the paired control experiments. The concentrations of total S(Ca) fell by 1.0-2.4 mg/100 ml with a proportional decrease in the levels of the diffusible and ionized fractions. The pattern of the fall in C(P)/C(Cr) during MgCl(2) resembled that observed after CaCl(2) infusion (seven dogs) and that which acutely followed thyroparathyroidectomy (seven dogs). When parathyroid extract was given to dogs receiving MgCl(2) infusion both C(P)/C(Cr) and S(Ca) rose, and MgCl(2) infusion did not affect C(P)/C(Cr) and S(Ca) in T-PTX dogs. These results indicate that hypermagnesemia suppresses the activity of the parathyroid glands, probably, by inhibiting production and (or) release of the hormone, without interfering with end-organ response. An increase in serum magnesium of 1.7-2.0 mg/100 ml was capable of producing the suppressive effect. Evaluation of the effect of simultaneous modest hypocalcemia and hypermagnesemia suggests that a decrease in the level of serum calcium is more potent than an increase in the concentration of serum magnesium in the regulation of parathyroid activity.
Psychological Characteristics of Adults With IDDM: Comparison of Patients in Poor and Good Glycemic Control
Authors: Alan M Jacobson, Andrew G Adler, Joseph I Wolfsdorf, Barbara Anderson, Laura Derby
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

This study was conducted to evaluate selected psychosocial characteristics of contrasting groups of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), i.e., patients with persistently poor versus good glycemic control. Patients with chronic poor control reported feeling physically best at higher blood glucose levels than patients with good control. They also reported a higher threshold for physical symptoms caused by hyperglycemia without any difference in threshold for hypoglycemic symptoms. No differences between groups were found in level of diabetes knowledge, self-esteem, or psychiatric symptomatology. This study suggests that poorly controlled adult patients have underlying perceptions of hyperglycemic symptoms and physical well-being that distinguish them from patients with well-controlled diabetes. The design of this study does not allow for determination of the causal direction in this relationship. Although these patient reports about glycemic and physical symptoms may be post hoc justifications or unreliable beliefs, they also may be accurate perceptions of physical symptom experiences and therefore could influence their self-care activities with resulting chronic problems in glycemic control. Further research is needed to assess the validity of these observations and their possible role in long-term regulation of glycemia.
Acute Suppurative Thyroiditis Caused by Bacteroides melaninogenicus
Authors: Raj K. Sharma
Journal: JAMA (1974)

ACUTE suppurative thyroiditis is rare in children. We report here the first case, to our knowledge, caused by<i>Bacteroides melaninogenicus</i>. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 2-year-old boy was admitted to Children's Hospital of Newark for sore throat, fever, swelling in the neck, and dysphagia of 24-hours' duration. Four weeks before admission, the child had had fever, accompanied by cough. He had been treated with antibiotics and a cough mixture. On the day before admission, swelling in the neck was noticed, and dysphagia followed. The medical history was normal, and birth, growth, and development had been normal. Temperature was 102.4 F (39.1 C); pulse rate, 160 beats per minute; blood pressure, 94/60 mm Hg; and respiratory rate, 32/min. There was a diffuse swelling in the anterior midcervical region that measured 8 cm at the greatest diameter (from right to left sternocleidomastoid muscles). The mass was tender, moveable with swallowing, and nonfluctuant.
Prospective Study of 90 Children Requiring Treatment for Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia or Myelodysplastic Syndrome: A Report From the Children's Cancer Group
Authors: William G. Woods, Dorothy R. Barnard, Todd A. Alonzo, Jonathan D. Buckley, Nathan Kobrinsky, Diane C. Arthur, Jean Sanders, Steven Neudorf, Stuart Gold, Beverly J. Lange
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: We report the first large prospective study of children with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) treated in a uniform fashion on Children’s Cancer Group protocol 2891. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Ninety children with JMML, various forms of MDS, or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with antecedent MDS were treated with a five-drug induction regimen (standard or intensive timing). Patients achieving remission were allocated to allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) if a matched family donor was available. All other patients were randomized between autologous BMT and aggressive nonmyeloablative chemotherapy. Results were compared with patients with de novo AML. RESULTS: Patients with JMML and refractory anemia (RA) or RA-excess blasts (RAEB) exhibited high induction failure rates and overall remission of 58% and 48%, respectively. Remission rates for patients with RAEB in transformation (RAEB-T) (69%) or antecedent MDS (81%) were similar to de novo AML (77%). Actuar...
Low risk of venous thrombosis in two families with combined type I plasminogen deficiency and factor V R506Q mutation
Authors: Giancarlo Castaman, Marco Ruggeri, Alberto Tosetto, Francesco Rodeghiero
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Two families with type I plasminogen deficiency and APC resistance are reported. The proposita of family A suffered from ischemic stroke when taking estrogen-progesterone-containing oral contraceptive. Several hemostatic challenges in the past (ovariectomy, appendectomy, and two pregnancies) were without thrombosis. Plasminogen activity and antigen (60 and 58%, normal range 72–136 and 69–135%, respectively) were reduced, and an increased APC resistance (APC-SR = 1.55; normal range 1.8–3.00) associated with G → A change at 1,691 nucleotide position in exon 10 of FV gene (FV Leiden) was observed. The asymptomatic son had isolated plasminogen deficiency (activity 57% and antigen 60%) whereas the asymptomatic daughter had isolated APC resistance (APC-SR = 1.61) and FV Leiden mutation. The proposita of family B, referred for superficial thrombophlebitis, had low plasminogen levels (activity 55% and antigen 53%) and APC resistance (APC-SR = 1.5) whereas the asymptomatic mother and the brother had isolated APC resistance (APC-SR = 1.62 and 1.8, respectively) and the asymptomatic father isolated plasminogen deficiency (activity 61% and antigen 62%). These data suggest that the combination of plasminogen deficiency and APC resistance probably does not significantly increase the risk of venous thrombosis. However, larger experience with additional cases is needed to definitely assess the magnitude of thrombotic risk in these families. Am. J. Hematol. 57:344–347, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Abstract 2378: Detection of circulating tumors cells (CTCs) in mice, using cancer stem cell (CSC) markers and a novel cell surface marker, AnnexinA2
Authors: Carla Kantara, Shubhashish Sarkar, Carrie Maxwell, Robert Ullrich, Pomila Singh
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Detecting CTCs in plasma of patients with solid tumors has developed as a novel method for early detection of metastatic growths (Mets) and relapse of epithelial cancers. The current studies were undertaken to further improve sensitivity/specificity of CTC assays, based on recent developments. Accumulating evidence from many laboratories demonstrates that annexinA2 is increasingly translocated to cell-surface of tumor cells (labeled as CS-ANXA2), and is required for metastasis of cancer cells. We discovered that metastatic transformation of cells was associated with a significant increase in % CSCs co-expressing CS-ANXA2. We hypothesized that Circulating-CSCs (labeled as CTSCs) will likely be positive for CSC-Markers and CS-ANXA2, providing a more robust assay for identifying metastatic-CTCs or CTSCs, which may have the highest potential for seeding Mets; this novel possibility was examined in mice. Athymic nude mice were inoculated with either heat inactivated colon-cancer cells (HCT-116) (control, Gp1), or healthy sterile cells:- which were inoculated either subdermally (to grow primary xenografts) (Gp2) or intraspleenically (to grow liver/lung Mets) (Gp3). Mice were euthanized, when distinct sub-dermal tumors were present in Gp2 mice (wk3, post-inoculation) and blood plasma processed for depletion of WBC. Un-depleted samples had ∼ 109 RBC+WBC cells in all mice. Gp1 mice were negative for CTSCs or CTCs positive for CS-ANXA2. Gp2 mice had ∼40, 100 and 200 epithelial cells/ml blood, positive for CSC-Markers: DCAMKL-1, LGR5 and CD44, respectively, suggesting that DCAMKL-1 may be the most selective marker for CTSCs. Gp3 mice had significantly higher numbers of CTSCs/ml blood, in the order of CD44 (∼220), LGR5 (∼160) and DCAMKL-1 (∼60). CTCs, positive for CS-ANXA2, increased from 120 to 200/ml blood in Gp2 versus Gp3 mice, respectively, suggesting that high numbers of CTCs positive for CS-ANXA2 may be an independent selective marker for metastatic disease. Importantly, CTSCs in Gp3 mice, positive for either CD44 or DCAMKL-1 were also positive for CS-ANXA2. Therefore presence of circulating tumor stem cells (CTSCs) (positive for DCAMKL-1/CD44), co-expressing CS-ANXA2, may provide the most accurate approach for predicting presence of Mets or relapse of the cancer disease. Our studies so far, using fresh plasma samples from patients with colorectal growths (adenomas, adenocarcinomas ± Mets), supports this novel hypothesis. This work was supported by NIH grants CA97959 and CA114264 to PS; NASA NNX09AM08G and NNJ04HD83G to RU. CK and SS were equal contributors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2378. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2378
HEMOGLOBIN PRODUCTION IN ANEMIA LIMITED BY LOW PROTEIN INTAKE
Authors: P. F. Hahn, G. H. Whipple
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1939)

A low protein intake will cause limited hemoglobin production in standard anemic dogs. It appears that the dog on a limited protein intake is unable to produce the usual amount of globin and therefore of hemoglobin even in the presence of a large excess of iron. Iron given by mouth or by vein shows the same result—the dog made anemic by blood withdrawal cannot produce the expected new hemoglobin related to the iron intake when the protein intake is held at low levels. These dogs can be kept in perfect health and weight equilibrium during these long periods of limited diet intake and anemia. Under the stress of protein limitation the proteins of salmon muscle, banana and carrot are well utilized and it requires only 7 to 8 gm. of these food proteins to produce 1 gm. of new hemoglobin. These experiments show clearly that the iron content of liver is not wholly responsible for its potency in anemia due to hemorrhage.
Intraleukocytic Bacteria in Endocarditis Patients
Authors: David L. Powers
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Leukocyte monolayers from the peripheral blood of 16 patients suspected of having infective endocarditis and six normal control subjects were examined microscopically. No intraleukocytic bacteria were observed in preparations from the six normal controls. Six of the 16 endocarditis suspects had sterile blood cultures and the diagnosis was discarded. All six patients had negative monolayer preparations. Intraleukocytic bacteria were found in six of the ten patients with a final clinical diagnosis of endocarditis. Nine of these patients also had positive blood cultures. A leukocyte monolayer preparation from the one endocarditis patient with negative blood cultures contained intracellular cocci, and the patient responded to antibiotic therapy.
IL-25 enhances allergic airway inflammation by amplifying a TH2 cell–dependent pathway in mice
Authors: Tomohiro Tamachi, Yuko Maezawa, Kei Ikeda, Shin-ichiro Kagami, Masahiko Hatano, Yohei Seto, Akira Suto, Kotaro Suzuki, Norihiko Watanabe, Yasushi Saito, Takeshi Tokuhisa, Itsuo Iwamoto, Hiroshi Nakajima
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Aluminum in the Environment and Human Health
Authors: John R. J. Sorenson, Irene R. Campbell, Lloyd B. Tepper, Robert D. Lingg
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1974)

The review of over 800 references on aluminum (Al) published since the mid-fifties covers the occurrence of Al in soil, air, water, plants and food products, as well as air and water pollution problems. In addition, the existing quality criteria, the biology and toxicology of Al, and the therapeutic and medical uses are presented. It is concluded that absorption and retention or accumulation of Al in humans occurs at lower levels of intake than had been assumed formerly. However, levels of 5 to 50 times the normal daily intake do not appear to interfere with other metabolic processes. The adverse effects of Al reported in the more recent years resulted from the inhalation or ingestion of Al in concentrations many times greater than the amounts present under normal circumstances. As in the past, there is still no need for concern by the public or producers of Al or its products concerning hazards to human health derived from well established and extensively used products.
A Synopsis of Children's Diseases
Authors: Rute Medenis
Journal: JAMA (1979)

In the preface to the fifth edition, the authors express their intention that this synopsis of pediatrics should become a reference handbook for the general practitioner and pediatrician, and at the same time, it should meet the needs of undergraduate students. The authors have succeeded in their intention by presenting the traditional pediatric subjects in a precise, well-organized, at times, laconic manner. The sections on the healthy child, his growth and development, including the appendix on growth and development records, clinical assessment of gestational age of the newborn, and the use of stycar chart of developmental sequences are concisely and clearly written and should be of practical value not only for the novice but also for the experienced practitioner. Most sections on pediatric diseases have excellent, well-defined paragraphs on etiology, pathology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, and clinical presentation of disease entities. Several sections, however, appear to be deficient in coverage of rather
Phylogenomic Data Analyses Provide Evidence that Xenarthra and Afrotheria Are Sister Groups
Authors: Björn M. Hallström, Morgan Kullberg, Maria A. Nilsson, Axel Janke
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

The phylogenetic positions of the 4 clades, Euarchontoglires, Laurasiatheria, Afrotheria, and Xenarthra, have been major issues in the recent discussion of basal relationships among placental mammals. However, despite considerable efforts these relationships, crucial to the understanding of eutherian evolution and biogeography, have remained essentially unresolved. Euarchontoglires and Laurasiatheria are generally joined into a common clade (Boreoeutheria), whereas the position of Afrotheria and Xenarthra relative to Boreoeutheria has been equivocal in spite of the use of comprehensive amounts of nuclear encoded sequences or the application of genome-level characters such as retroposons. The probable reason for this uncertainty is that the divergences took place long time ago and within a narrow temporal window, leaving only short common branches. With the aim of further examining basal eutherian relationships, we have collected conserved protein-coding sequences from 11 placental mammals, a marsupial and a bird, whose nuclear genomes have been largely sequenced. The length of the alignment of homologous sequences representing each individual species is 2,168,859 nt. This number of sites, representing 2840 protein-coding genes, exceeds by a considerable margin that of any previous study. The phylogenetic analysis joined Xenarthra and Afrotheria on a common branch, Atlantogenata. This topology was found to fit the data significantly better than the alternative trees.
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 inhibits pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis
Authors: Taku Nakashima, Akihito Yokoyama, Yojiro Onari, Hiroyasu Shoda, Yoshinori Haruta, Noboru Hattori, Tetsuji Naka, Nobuoki Kohno
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Alterations in pulmonary diffusing capacity and pulmonary capillary blood volume with negative pressure breathing.
Authors: S H Steiner, R Frayser, J C Ross
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1965)

This investigation was designed to define more completely the effects of negative pressure breath- ing on the pulmonary capillary bed. MethodsSubjects.Twelve previously trained, normal males 22 to 36 years old served as experimental subjects.They
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in children
Authors: M I Levene, A Whitelaw, V Dubowitz, G M Bydder, R E Steiner, C P Randell, I R Young
Journal: BMJ (1982)

A preliminary study of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the brains of four normal children (36 weeks9 postmenstrual age to 5 years) showed long T<sub>1</sub> areas in the periventricular region of the neonate as well as evidence of progressive myelinisation with increasing age. Study of 18 patients of 40 weeks9 postmenstrual age to 4 years showed an apparent deficit in myelinisation in an infant with probable rubella embryopathy and another with ventricular dilatation of unknown cause. Abnormal scans were obtained in an infant with congenital muscular dystrophy, and abnormalities were visualised at the lateral ventricular margins in a case of acute hydrocephalus after shunt blockage. Periventricular regions of increased T<sub>2</sub> were seen in a term infant aged 4 days after severe birth asphyxia and convulsions. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging appears to provide a unique demonstration of myelinisation in vivo and shows changes in pathological processes of importance in paediatric practice.
Pruritus and dermographism due to intrahepatic cholestasis of infancy
Authors: J. EVANS, W. BEER, R. DAVIES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

A case report of intrahepatic cholestasis of infancy presenting with chronic severe pruritus is described. This presentation is compared with similar cases attending this unit. Intrahepatic cholestasis of infancy and the pathogenesis of puritus associated with cholestasis are briefly discussed.
Mitochondrial GSH determines the toxic or therapeutic potential of superoxide scavenging in steatohepatitis
Authors: Claudia von Montfort, Núria Matias, Anna Fernandez, Raquel Fucho, Laura Conde de la Rosa, Maria Luz Martinez-Chantar, José M. Mato, Keigo Machida, Hidekazu Tsukamoto, Michael P. Murphy, Abdellah Mansouri, Neil Kaplowitz, Carmen Garcia-Ruiz, Jose C. Fernandez-Checa
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)