tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Gonadal Steroid Hormone Action on Growth Hormone Secretion During Childhood and Adolescence*
Authors: JAMES R. KERRIGAN, ALAN D. ROGOL
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1992)

PHYSIOLOGIC regulation of GH secretion has been an active subject of investigation recently. In particular, the interaction with, and independent functions of, the sex steroid hormones and GH have been the subjects of a large number of studies, both in the basic sciences and in the clinical arena. Based on the results of multiple clinical studies, it has been observed that GH secretion is amplified in the presence of gonadal steroid hormones. During the course of male and female puberty, either normal, precocious, or pharmacologically induced, spontaneously circulating GH levels increase via an amplitude- modulated phenomenon. Using recently available mathematical modeling techniques, it has been possible to demonstrate that the mechanism of this increase is via sex steroid hormone-induced amplification of endogenous GH production rate, without demonstrable alterations of the frequency of secretory episodes or of hormone half-life. We intend to review what is understood about this relationship between the sex steroid hormones and GH in man with particular emphasis on clinical studies in the pediatric and adolescent age groups. A comprehensive review of the basic aspects of gonadal steroid hormone impact on GH physiology is provided by Wehrenberg and Giustina (1) in an accompanying paper. To provide a framework upon which to build this focused topic, we will first review the normal physiology of GH. Following this discussion, we will present the available data describing the ontogeny of GH secretion as it relates to concomitant changes in endogenous sex steroid hormone levels. Finally, the impact of exogenously administered gonadal steroid hormones on GH secretion will be discussed.
Technetium-99m MAG3 Renal Scintigraphy With Demonstration of Aortic Dissection
Authors: Ba D. Nguyen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Demonstration of type B aortic dissection is rare during renal scintigraphy. The discordant radionuclide pattern of asymmetric renal flow with equivalent renal function and excretion has been previously reported in aortic dissection. However, delayed scintigraphic features of the false lumen have not been described. The author presents such a case with persistent technetium-99m MAG3 accumulation in the posterior mediastinum on postvoid planar imaging.
Effects of beta blocking agents on the density of beta adrenoceptors and adenylate cyclase response in human myocardium: intrinsic sympathomimetic activity favours receptor upregulation
Authors: S. GOLF, V. HANSSON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1986)

The density of beta adrenoceptors, the relative number of beta 1 and beta 2 adrenoceptor subtypes, and adenylate cyclase activity were studied in preparations from atrial biopsy specimens of 32 patients with coronary heart disease. Six patients were not receiving beta blocking agents, whereas the others were treated with different beta blocking drugs (timolol, propranolol, pindolol, metoprolol, and atenolol). Clinical and haemodynamic variables were similar in the different groups of patients. Beta adrenoceptor density was 17% significantly lower in the non-treated group than in the groups treated with beta blocking drugs. Among these, the group treated with pindolol, a drug with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, had receptor densities that were 38% significantly higher than those treated with other beta blocking drugs and 51% significantly higher than the non-treated group. The relative numbers of beta 1 and beta 2 adrenoceptor subtypes were very similar in the different groups (beta 1 receptors 75-80%, beta 2 receptors 20-25%). A significant increase in the ratios of terbutaline stimulated to basal and terbutaline stimulated to isoproterenol stimulated adenylate cyclase activities was found in patients treated with beta 1 selective blockers (metoprolol, atenolol), indicating that beta 1 selective drugs may improve beta 2 receptor-adenylate cyclase coupling. In contrast, pindolol caused a significant reduction in the ratio of terbutaline stimulated to isoproterenol stimulated adenylate cyclase activity, indicating that this drug may cause a reduction in beta 2 receptor-adenylate cyclase coupling efficacy. Thus treatment with beta blocking agents causes upregulation of human myocardial beta receptor density. Intrinsic sympathomimetic activity seems to favour receptor upregulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Report of the policy conference on pacemaker reuse sponsored by the North American Society of Pacing and electrophysiology
Authors: Bernard H. Boal, Doris J.W. Escher, Seymour Furman, Robert Hauser, James Maloney, Victor Parsonnet, Syed T. Raza, Luis Tomatis, Ib Kruse
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1985)
Ensuring that the diagnosis of tuberculosis accelerates progress towards the Millennium Development Goals
Authors: Christy Hanson, Giovanni Sotgiu, Robert Loddenkemper
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

If the goal is zero deaths due to tuberculosis, then no patient can go undiagnosed http://ow.ly/vdx1MGlobal tuberculosis control has been riding a wave of progress over the past decade.Mortality and incidence are now falling in all six World Health Organization (WHO) regions and the tuberculosis-related targets of the Millennium Development Goals now seem more reachable [1,2].This progress reflects important momentum on many fronts, from more systematic community engagement to increased funding availability.Improvements in tuberculosis case detection have been greatly facilitated by the introduction of new diagnostic technologies and approaches [3][4][5].These novel methods are beginning to address clinical, public health and technological challenges, such as diagnosing tuberculosis in people living with HIV, as well as patient barriers to accessing sophisticated technologies and diagnostic results [5][6][7].Prior to 2007, no new diagnostic technologies had been endorsed by WHO in decades [8].However, in the past 5 years, WHO has evaluated and endorsed six diagnostic technologies and methods (table 1) [9].It has refined its specifications for sputum collection and case identification using smear microscopy, reducing the burden on patients and laboratory technicians.It has proposed diagnostic algorithms to streamline the concurrent availability of various technologies and to improve the sensitivity of screening of people living with HIV.In 2011, WHO went so far as to issue negative recommendations on serodiagnostic tests [10] and interferon-c release assays for high-incidence countries [11], steering national tuberculosis programmes (NTPs) away from diagnostic technologies not yet refined enough to warrant a change in practice [12].Two articles in a recent issue of the European Respiratory Journal focused on the most recently WHOendorsed diagnostic technology, the Xpert MTB/RIF system (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) [13,14].This automated real-time nucleic acid amplification technology was initially recommended in 2010 as a rapid diagnostic test for tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance, and is suitable for use in peripheral as well as higher level laboratories [15,16].In its 2013 report, WHO noted that by end of June 2013, 1402 machines and 3.2 million cartridges had been purchased in 88 countries; 94 000 multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB cases were diagnosed (84 000 were culture confirmed and 10 000 were identified using the rapid technique) [1].The aforementioned articles published in the European Respiratory Journal summarise the rapid roll-out process [13], and provide one of the most robust cost analyses to date for Xpert MTB/RIF [14].These timely reviews and economic analyses can inform efforts to retool NTPs as new drugs, diagnostics and vaccines become available.
Prognostic significance of FLT3 mutational status and expression levels in MLL-AF4+ and MLL-germline acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: M C Chillón, M T Gómez-Casares, C E López-Jorge, C Rodriguez-Medina, A Molines, M E Sarasquete, M Alcoceba, J D G-S Miguel, C Bueno, R Montes, F Ramos, J N Rodríguez, P Giraldo, M Ramírez, R García-Delgado, J L Fuster, M González-Díaz, P Menendez
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Unnecessary Prophylaxis for Phantom Hepatitis
Authors: RACHEL L. STRICOF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1983Unnecessary Prophylaxis for Phantom HepatitisRACHEL L. STRICOF, DALE L. MORSE, M.D.RACHEL L. STRICOFSearch for more papers by this author, DALE L. MORSE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-99-5-738_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Many patients receive hepatitis A post-exposure immunoglobulin prophylaxis unnecessarily because of misinterpretation of laboratory tests. We report three examples that illustrate this increasingly common phenomenon.A 92-year-old female resident of a skilled nursing facility was admitted for evaluation of malaise and anorexia accompanied by liver function test abnormalities. The patient's physician called the nursing facility to recommend immunoglobulin prophylaxis for employee contacts based on a diagnosis of hepatitis A. This diagnosis was made on the basis of a negative test for hepatitis B surface antigen and a hepatitis A report stating: "specimen is positive for IgG antibodies and negative for IgM antibodies...References1. BENENSONTAKAFUJIBANCROFT MEW. A military community outbreak of hepatitis type A related to transmission in a child care facility. Am J Epidemiol. 1980;112:471-81. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. SNYDMANDIENSTAGSTEDT DJB. Use of IgM-hepatitis A antibody testing: investigating a common-source, food-borne outbreak. JAMA. 1981;245:827-30. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. SZMUNESSDIENSTAGPURCELL WJR. The prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A antigen in various parts of the world: a pilot study. Am J Epidemiol. 1977;106:392-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. BRADLEYMAYNARD DJ. Serodiagnosis of viral hepatitis A by radioimmuno-assay. Laboratory Management. 1978:29-34. Google Scholar5. . Immune globulins for protection against viral hepatitis. MMWR. 1981;30:423-35. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Bureau of Communicable Disease Control State of New York Department of Health Albany, NY 12237 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1983Volume 99, Issue 5Page: 738-739KeywordsAntibodiesHepatitis AHepatitis B surface antigenLaboratory testsLiver function testsPost-exposure prophylaxisProphylaxis Issue Published: 1 November 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
Coronary Heart Disease in Chronic Schizophrenic Patients
Authors: ALLEN E. HUSSAR
Journal: Circulation (1965)

An investigation of 1,275 autopsy protocols and available clinical records of white, male, chronic schizophrenic patients, 40 years or older, with an average length of hospitalization of over 20 years, showed that (a) the prevalence of coronary heart disease as a cause of death was as high in this group of schizophrenic subjects (31 per cent) as in the comparable section of the general population; (b) the fatality rate (66 per cent) of coronary heart disease, (c) the incidence of sudden death (64 per cent of all deaths from coronary heart disease), (d) the incidence of myocardial rupture (21.7 per cent of all fresh myocardial infarctions) and (e) the incidence of painless heart attacks were higher in schizophrenic patients (60 per cent) than in the general population; (f) myocardial aneurysm was found less commonly in schizophrenic patients (2 per cent of all patients who either died of coronary heart disease or other causes but showed old infarct or old occlusion), and (g) there was an almost complete absence of anginal syndrome preceding or following myocardial infarction.
A mathematical model of polymeric controlled drug release and transport in the brain
Authors: B. Reisfeld, S. Kalyanasundaram, K. Leong
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1995)

A two-dimensional finite-element model was developed to simulate the transport and clearance of drugs released from polymers into the brain. This computer model includes the effects of diffusion and bulk flow of interstitial fluid, metabolism and capillary uptake, and is responsive to various controlled release scenarios and anatomical variation. The capability of this model is illustrated by examining the transport of three compounds of interest for neurological applications.
Ureteral obstruction in neonatal mice elicits segment-specific tubular cell responses leading to nephron loss11See Editorial by Woolf, p. 761.
Authors: François Cachat, Bärbel Lange-Sperandio, Alice Y. Chang, Susan C. Kiley, Barbara A. Thornhill, Michael S. Forbes, Robert L. Chevalier
Journal: Kidney International (2003)
Calcium depletion-mediated protease inhibition and apical-junctional-complex disassembly via an EGTA-conjugated carrier for oral insulin delivery
Authors: Er-Yuan Chuang, Kun-Ju Lin, Fang-Yi Su, Hsin-Lung Chen, Barnali Maiti, Yi-Cheng Ho, Tzu-Chen Yen, Nilendu Panda, Hsing-Wen Sung
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)
TEACHING THE INTERPRETIVE PROCESS TO MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: SIDNEY L. WERKMAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1961)

We are by no means finished in our exploration of better ways to teach the interpretive process, and it is obvious that many other factors not covered here are involved in the process. Certainly a great deal of psychiatric learning occurs before this experience just as a music student masters volumes of scales and technical exercises before he is able to enjoy working on a concerto. The interpretive process in psychiatry is a concerto with specific technical, organizational, dynamic and stylistic demands. In the teaching of this process, questions about child development can be clarified, distinctions between diagnostic interpretation and psychotherapy are made, problems concerning the weighting of organic disorders can be examined, some prejudices about psychiatry can be melted and the student's identity as a physician can be strengthened. Student response to this method of teaching is of interest. Following the actual interpretation interview, we discuss their impressions with the students. Here are several of them: "We were just slugging it out with her. I didn't know where I was going part of the time. The main thing, though, is until now I didn't see how we could do anything, and now I think we've really helped her." Another: "When I found out I had to come over here, I thought, `Oh, God, listen to somebody else's troubles.' But this was different. This brought everything together. I never knew what psychiatry was before this." The enthusiasm and involvement of students in this program suggest that it is valuable to focus on teaching this phase of psychiatry. This paper has been an attempt to detail one method of doing so and to discuss issues that arise in the course of this teaching process.
Researchers find no link between vaccination and type 1 diabetes
Authors: Chibuzo Odigwe
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A team of Danish researchers have reported finding no association between childhood vaccination and the development of type 1 diabetes ( New England Journal of Medicine 2004;350:1398-404).

The research was carried out after reports linking the two were published between 1996 and 2003 in a number of medical journals, including Autoimmunity and Medical Hypotheses. 

The researchers evaluated data …
High intake of cadmium may be dangerous
Authors: Beverly J. Montgomery
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Home gardeners who repeatedly use certain "organic" fertilizers made from sewage sludge may be eating more contaminated produce than supermarket shoppers. As a result, their kidneys and hearts may be damaged. The reason: Use of such fertilizers often results in unsafe cadmium levels in produce, says Al Page, PhD, soil scientist at the University of California, Riverside, and director of the Kearney Foundation of Soil Science. The World Health Organization and the Food and Drug Administration say that in ambient conditions, cadmium from all sources (liquid, food, atmosphere) should be limited to 70 μg/day. Years of excessive intake can lead to slow, subacute renal tubular damage. Page notes that cadmium is retained by soil as well as the body, so potential problems increase exponentially with time. Acid soils of southeast, northeast, and some midwest states are naturally high in cadmium. Additives in commercial agriculture increase soil pH; this in turn
Fringe Benefits of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1974)

It has been known for many years that recurrent angina sometimes disappears after an attack of myocardial infarction. Unlike the ischemic, the dead myocardium generates no pain. Can an analogous benefit be expected in a patient with recurrent ventricular fibrillation? May not myocardial infarction kill the irritable, unstable ischemic tissue, thus preventing it from generating abnormal, potentially lethal dysrhythmias? In an editorial with the arresting title, "Di Si Dolce Morte: It May Be Safer to Be Dead Than Alive," Warren<sup>1</sup>suggests that this may well be the case. In support of this view, he cites the large Seattle experience with mobile coronary care, reported by Cobb and his associates.<sup>2</sup>Having followed-up over a two-year period a group of patients resuscitated after their unheralded first attack of ventricular fibrillation, these investigators found, to their surprise, a lower mortality among patients in whom myocardial infarction developed after resuscitation than among
Scoliosis and Other Spinal Deformities
Authors: Leonard F. Peltier
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Scoliosis is a complicated deformity, and the literature dealing with it is often obscure and confusing. Consequently, this book by Moe and his associates is welcome. Eased on 28 years of experience with scoliosis and other deformities of the spine, the authors' views unquestionably carry the weight of authority. The subject is presented clearly in a well-organized sequence of chapters each profusely illustrated from the authors' abundant clinical material. The initial chapters deal with the terminology, classification, diagnosis, and natural history of scoliosis. A thorough discussion of the different varieties of scoliosis follows. These initial chapters should be of particular value to pediatricians and family physicians. For the orthopedic surgeon, the presentation of the technical aspects and the complications of treatment in the later chapters is excellent. There are chapters dealing with juvenile kyphosis, tuberculosis, and injuries of the spine. For a clear exposition of a difficult subject, this monograph
Epidemiology and Surveillance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Do Young Kim, Kwang-Hyub Han
Journal: Liver Cancer (2012)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequently occurring malignancies and has a high mortality rate. The incidence of HCC differs greatly according to the geographic area. East and Southeast Asia, as well as middle and West Africas have the highest prevalence of HCC. The risk factors for developing HCC are well known and include cirrhosis, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, alcohol consumption, smoking, diabetes, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Cirrhosis is the most significant risk factor, and there is a correlation between the degree of noninvasively measured liver fibrosis and the risk of HCC occurrence. HBV exerts carcinogenic effects by several mechanisms, including host genome integration, and studies have revealed that HBV replication predicts HCC development. HCV induces multistep carcinogenesis from inflammation, to fibrosis and liver cancer. HCC is an appropriate target for surveillance programs for early cancer detection. Currently, liver ultrasonography (US) combined with serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP, a biomarker of HCC) measurement every 6 months is the standard method of HCC surveillance. Although US is the most widely used tool, its sensitivity in detecting early HCC (i.e., within the Milan criteria) during surveillance is only 63%. AFP is the representative biomarker for both HCC surveillance and diagnosis; however, the unsatisfactory performance of AFP as a surveillance tool means that a novel biomarker or combination with other serum markers is required. Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin and AFP-L3 are candidate biomarkers that are complementary to AFP. The strategies of HCC surveillance vary in different countries according to the healthcare system, the resources available, and health insurance coverage. Many studies have shown that the rate of early cancer detection and rate of application of curative therapies were increased, as was the survival time, by HCC surveillance, which should now become a part of standard care, rather than just a recommendation. Improved US technology and the discovery of new biomarkers are necessary to make further progress in HCC surveillance.
Antihemophilic Factor Antigen. LOCALIZATION IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS BY IMMUNOFLUORESCENT MICROSCOPY
Authors: Leon W. Hoyer, Rene P. de los Santos, John R. Hoyer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The tissue localization of antihemophilic factor (AHF, Factor VIII) has been determined by immunofluorescent studies using monospecific rabbit antibody to human AHF. Specific staining demonstrating AHF antigens has been identified in endothelial cells of a wide range of human tissues. The staining pattern was observed in endothelial cells of arteries, capillaries, and veins as well as the cells lining hepatic and splenic sinusoids. Specific fluorescence was limited to these endothelial cells in sections of kidney, liver, spleen, lymph node, cardiac and smooth muscle, thyroid, umbilical cord, and skin. Absorption studies established that the staining was specific for cells in which there were proteins that had AHF antigens. The demonstration of fluorescence within the cytoplasm of endothelial cells suggests that these cells synthesize proteins that have AHF antigens.