tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of Hypercalcemic States.
Authors: Herta Spencer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

s1 May 1969Differentiation of Hypercalcemic States.Herta Spencer, M.D., Isaac Lewin, M.D., Joseph Samachson, Ph.D.Herta Spencer, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Isaac Lewin, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Joseph Samachson, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-70-5-1104_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe diagnosis of hypercalcemia due to hyperparathyroidism is often difficult to differentiate from the diagnosis of hypercalcemia due to neoplasia, particularly when the latter diagnosis is not proved. Since the hyperparathyroid state may affect the intestinal absorption of calcium, calcium absorption studies using tracer doses of47Ca and calcium balances were performed under constant dietary conditions in patients with hyperparathyroidism and in patients with hypercalcemia of suspected or proved neoplastic origin. In patients with hyperparathyroidism the intestial absorption of47Ca was high, ranging from 72% to 99% of the administered dose and also remained very high in some patients on... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Herta Spencer, M.D.; Isaac Lewin, M.D.; Joseph Samachson, Ph.D.Affiliations: Hines, Illinois PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1969Volume 70, Issue 5Page: 1104-1104KeywordsCalciumHypercalcemiaHyperparathyroidism ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1969 PDF downloadLoading ...
Is a tax on sugary drinks too bitter to swallow?
Authors: L. Cornelsen, R. Green, A. D. Dangour, R. D. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Briggs and colleagues’ study is a useful addition to the evidence on the potential health impact of taxes on sugar sweetened drinks.1 But to convince policy makers of the effectiveness of such taxes we urgently need experimental studies that allow stronger causal inference than modelled projections based on historic consumption data. Furthermore, non-economic determinants of food consumption such as …
We must defend personal continuity in primary care
Authors: Helen Richards
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The first challenge when defending continuity of care is to define it adequately. Theorists have suggested three types of continuity: informational continuity, which includes both formally recorded information and information residing in the memories of clinicians; management continuity, the application of care pathways and coordination of care; and relationship continuity, the clinician’s accumulated knowledge of each patient’s circumstances and preferences. 

To me—and I suspect to most GPs—personal continuity includes elements of all three but also goes further. Personal continuity means taking responsibility for the care of registered patients over an extended period of time; being the first point of contact in most episodes of illness; understanding the patient’s health in the context of their family, social networks, and wider community; and coordinating care in an increasingly complex healthcare system.

Personal continuity is valued by patients, especially those with multiple morbidities, convoluted health narratives, and complex social circumstances and by those whose communication problems make it burdensome to repeat their stories. Continuity of caring contributes to GPs’ professional fulfilment, but less well …
Rupture of ventricular septum or papillary muscle complicating myocardial infarction.
Authors: Z Vlodaver, J E Edwards
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Ninety-eight specimens with rupture of some portion of the left ventricle complicating acute myocardial infarction from atherosclerotic coronary disease were studied. In 90, a single structure (so-called isolated rupture) had ruptured as follows: free wall of left ventricle, 52 cases; ventricular septum, 18 cases; a papillary muscle, 20 cases. In eight cases, two structures had ruptured, the most common combination being rupture of ventricular septum and left ventricular wal. Inferolateral location of underlying infarction was the common situation in ruptured papillary muscle, while anteroseptal myocardial infarction was more common in rupture of the ventricular septum. Transmural infarction underlay each case of ruptured ventricular septum, while in ruptured papillary muscle 11 of 20 cases showed subendocardial infarction. There was no association between the type of papillary muscle rupture and the type of infarct. Clinically, collapse of the circulation was common in cases of ruptured ventricular septum and ruptured papillary muscle. Death within one week after rupture was usual when the papillary muscle was involved totally or when the ventricular septum was involved. With partial rupture of a papillary muscle, longer survival (months) was observed in two of ten cases.
GLP-1 and cardioprotection: from bench to bedside
Authors: S. Ravassa, A. Zudaire, J. Diez
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

During myocardial infarction (MI), a variety of mechanisms contribute to the activation of cell death processes in cardiomyocytes, determining the final MI size, subsequent mortality, and post-MI remodelling. The deleterious mechanisms accompanying the ischaemic and reperfusion phases in MI include deprivation of oxygen, nutrients, and survival factors, accumulation of waste products, generation of oxygen free radicals, calcium overload, neutrophil infiltration of the ischaemic area, depletion of energy stores, and opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, all of which contribute to the activation of apoptosis and necrosis in cardiomyocytes. During the last few years, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (7-36)-based therapeutic strategies have been incorporated into the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cytoprotection is among the pleiotropic actions described for GLP-1 in different cell types, including cardiomyocytes. This paper reviews the most relevant experimental and clinical studies that have contributed to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms and intracellular pathways involved in the cardioprotection induced by GLP-1, analysing in depth its potential role as a therapeutic target in the ischaemic and reperfused myocardium as well as in other pathologies that are associated with myocardial remodelling and heart failure.
Sustained reduction in bronchial hyperresponsiveness with inhaled fluticasone propionate within three days in mild asthma: time course after onset and cessation of treatment
Authors: A R A Sovijarvi
Journal: Thorax (2003)

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is characteristic of asthmatic airways, is induced by airway inflammation, and is reduced by inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). The time course for the onset and cessation of the effect of ICS on BHR is unclear. The effect of inhaled fluticasone propionate (FP) on BHR in patients with mild persistent asthma was assessed using time intervals of hours, days and weeks.Twenty six asthmatic patients aged 21-59 years were selected for this randomised, double blind, parallel group study. The effect of 250 micro g inhaled FP (MDI) administered twice daily was compared with that of placebo on BHR assessed using a dosimetric histamine challenge method. The dose of histamine inducing a decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) by 15% (PD(15)FEV(1)) was measured before and 6, 12, 24 and 72 hours, and 2, 4 and 6 weeks after starting treatment, and 48 hours, 1 week and 2 weeks after cessation of treatment. Doubling doses of changes in PD(15)FEV(1) were calculated and area under the curve (AUC) statistics were used to summarise the information from individual response curves.The increase in PD(15)FEV(1) from baseline was greater in the FP group than in the placebo group; the difference achieved significance within 72 hours and remained significant until the end of treatment. In the FP group PD(15)FEV(1) was 1.85-2.07 doubling doses above baseline between 72 hours and 6 weeks after starting treatment. BHR increased significantly within 2 weeks after cessation of FP treatment.A sustained reduction in BHR to histamine in patients with mild asthma was achieved within 3 days of starting treatment with FP at a daily dose of 500 micro g. The effect tapered within 2 weeks of cessation of treatment.
Parathyroid hormone exerts disparate effects on osteoblast differentiation depending on exposure time in rat osteoblastic cells.
Authors: T Ishizuya, S Yokose, M Hori, T Noda, T Suda, S Yoshiki, A Yamaguchi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

It has been reported that PTH exerts bone-forming effects in vivo when administered intermittently. In the present study, the anabolic effects of PTH(1-34) on osteoblast differentiation were examined in vitro. Osteoblastic cells isolated from newborn rat calvaria were cyclically treated with PTH(1-34) for the first few hours of each 48-h incubation cycle. When osteoblastic cells were intermittently exposed to PTH only for the first hour of each 48-h incubation cycle and cultured for the remainder of the cycle without the hormone, osteoblast differentiation was inhibited by suppressing alkaline phosphatase activity, bone nodule formation, and mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and PTH/PTHrP receptor. Experiments using inhibitors and stimulators of cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) and Ca2+/PKC demonstrated that cAMP/PKA was the major signal transduction system in the inhibitory action of PTH. In contrast, the intermittent exposure to PTH for the first 6 h of each 48-h cycle stimulated osteoblast differentiation. Both cAMP/ PKA and Ca2+/PKC systems appeared to be involved cooperatively in this anabolic effect. Continuous exposure to PTH during the 48-h incubation cycle strongly inhibited osteoblast differentiation. Although both cAMP/PKA and Ca2+/PKC were involved in the effect of continuous exposure to PTH, they appeared to act independently. A neutralizing antibody against IGF-I blocked the stimulatory effect on alkaline phosphatase activity and the expression of osteocalcin mRNA induced by the 6-h intermittent exposure. The inhibitory effect induced by the 1-h intermittent exposure was not affected by anti-IGF-I antibody. These results suggest that PTH has diverse effects on osteoblast differentiation depending on the exposure time in vitro mediated through different signal transduction systems. These in vitro findings explain at least in part the in vivo action of PTH that varies with the mode of administration.
Dog saliva – an important source of dog allergens
Authors: N. Polovic, K. Wadén, J. Binnmyr, C. Hamsten, R. Grönneberg, C. Palmberg, N. Milcic‐Matic, T. Bergman, H. Grönlund, M. van Hage
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Abstract Background Allergy to dog ( C anis familiaris ) is a worldwide common cause of asthma and allergic rhinitis. However, dander extract in routine diagnostics is not an optimal predictor of I g E ‐mediated dog allergy. Our objective was to evaluate saliva as an allergen source for improved diagnostics of allergy to dog. Methods IgE‐binding proteins in dog saliva and dander extract were analysed by immunoblot and mass spectrometry ( LC ‐ MS / MS ) using pooled or individual sera from dog‐allergic patients ( n = 13). Sera from 59 patients I g E positive to dander and 55 patients IgE negative to dander but with symptoms to dog were analysed for I g E against saliva and dander by ELISA . Basophil stimulation with dog saliva and dander extract was measured by flow cytometry among three dog‐allergic patients. Additionally, I g E ‐binding protein profiles of saliva from different breeds were investigated by immunoblot. Results Greater number and diversity of I g E ‐binding proteins was found in saliva compared to dander extract and varied among dog breeds. In saliva, C an f 1, 2, 3 and 6 were identified but also four new saliva allergen candidates. The majority of the 59 dog dander–positive sera ( n = 44) were I g E positive to dog saliva. Among patients I g E negative to dander, but with symptoms to dog, 20% were I g E positive to saliva. The biological activity of saliva was confirmed by basophil degranulation. Conclusions Dog saliva is an allergen source for improved diagnostics of dog allergy. The I g E ‐binding protein profile of saliva from different dogs varies.
Anthracyclines Induce DNA Damage Response-Mediated Protection against Severe Sepsis
Authors: Nuno Figueiredo, Angelo Chora, Helena Raquel, Nadja Pejanovic, Pedro Pereira, Björn Hartleben, Ana Neves-Costa, Catarina Moita, Dora Pedroso, Andreia Pinto, Sofia Marques, Hafeez Faridi, Paulo Costa, Raffaella Gozzelino, Jimmy L. Zhao, Miguel P. Soares, Margarida Gama-Carvalho, Jennifer Martinez, Qingshuo Zhang, Gerd Döring, Markus Grompe, J. Pedro Simas, Tobias B. Huber, David Baltimore, Vineet Gupta, Douglas R. Green, João A. Ferreira, Luis F. Moita
Journal: Immunity (2013)
Of Chimps and Men-Finding the Path to An Hcv Vaccine
Authors: Helmut M. Diepolder, Norbert H. Gruener, Jonathan Heeney
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

To define the early events that determine the outcome of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we compared the course of viremia with the peripheral and intrahepatic T cell response and intrahepatic cytokine profile in six acutely infected chimpanzees. Three different outcomes were observed after peak viral titers were reached: sustained viral clearance, transient viral clearance followed by chronic infection, and chronic infection that persisted at initial peak titers. The results indicate that HCV spread outpaces the T cell response and that HCV rapidly induces but is not controlled by IFN–α/β; that viral clearance follows the entry and accumulation of HCV–specific IFN–gamma–producing T cells in the liver; and that it may not require the destruction of infected cells.
Procainamide-lnduced Lupus Syndrome in Siblings
Authors: Mark A. Novack
Journal: JAMA (1975)

THE FAMILIAL occurrence of systemic lupus erythematosus in man and experimental animals is a well-recognized phenomenon.<sup>1</sup>While the induction of the lupus syndrome by procainamide hydrochloride<sup>2,3</sup>has become commonplace, there have been no reports, to our knowledge, of procainamide-induced lupus in siblings. We are reporting the development of this drug-induced lupus syndrome in a man whose sister suffered a similar reaction ten years earlier. She was case 2 in a series of four reported inThe Journalin 1965.<sup>3</sup> <h3>Report of a Cas</h3> A 69-year-old man was admitted to St. Luke's Hospitals on July 9, 1974. He had enjoyed good health until two years prior to admission, when shortness of breath and swelling of ankles developed. Despite moderate congestive heart failure, he refused admission. He was treated with digoxin, furosemide, and an orally administered potassium supplement. His condition subsequently improved and all medications were discontinued four months
Prehypertension during Young Adulthood and Coronary Calcium Later in Life
Authors: Mark J. Pletcher, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Cora E. Lewis, Gina S. Wei, Steve Sidney, J. Jeffrey Carr, Eric Vittinghoff, Charles E. McCulloch, Stephen B. Hulley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Background: High blood pressure in middle age is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but the consequences of low-level elevations during young adulthood are unknown. Objective: To measure the association between prehypertension exposure before age 35 years and coronary calcium later in life. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Four communities in the United States. Participants: Black and white men and women age 18 to 30 years recruited for the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) Study in 1985 through 1986 who were without hypertension before age 35 years. Measurements: Blood pressure trajectories for each participant were estimated by using measurements from 7 examinations over the course of 20 years. Cumulative exposure to blood pressure in the prehypertension range (systolic blood pressure of 120 to 139 mm Hg, or diastolic blood pressure of 80 to 89 mm Hg) from age 20 to 35 years was calculated in units of mm Hg–years (similar to pack-years of tobacco exposure) and related to the presence of coronary calcium measured at each participant's last examination (mean age, 44 years [SD, 4]). Results: Among 3560 participants, the 635 (18%) who developed prehypertension before age 35 years were more often black, male, overweight, and of lower socioeconomic status. Exposure to prehypertension before age 35 years, especially systolic prehypertension, showed a graded association with coronary calcium later in life (coronary calcium prevalence of 15%, 24%, and 38% for 0, 1 to 30, and >30 mm Hg–years of exposure, respectively; P < 0.001). This association remained strong after adjustment for blood pressure elevation after age 35 years and other coronary risk factors and participant characteristics. Limitation: Coronary calcium, although a strong predictor of future coronary heart disease, is not a clinical outcome. Conclusion: Prehypertension during young adulthood is common and is associated with coronary atherosclerosis 20 years later. Keeping systolic pressure below 120 mm Hg before age 35 years may provide important health benefits later in life.
An Expanded Cohort Study of Cancer among Benzene-Exposed Workers in China
Authors: Song-Nian Yin, Richard B. Hayes, Martha S. Linet, Gui-Lan Li, Mustafa Dosemeci, Lois B. Travis, Zhi-Nan Zhang, De-Gao Li, Wong-Ho Chow, Sholom Wacholder, William J. Blot, None The Benzene Study Group
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

An expanded cohort study of 74,828 benzene-exposed and 35,805 unexposed workers were followed during 1972 to 1987, based on a previous study in 12 cities in China. A small increase was observed in total cancer mortality among benzene-exposed compared with unexposed Workers (relative risk [RR] = 1-2). Statistically significant excesses were noted for leukemia (RR = 2.3), malignant lymphoma (RR = 4.5), and lung cancer (RR = 1.4). When risks were evaluated by leukemia subtype, only acute myelogenous leukemia was significantly elevated (RR = 3.1), although nonsignificant excesses were also noted for chronic myelogenous leukemia (RR = 2.6) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (RR = 2.3). A significant excess was also found for aplastic anemia. 19 refs., 5 tabs.
Effect of heliotherapy on skin and joint symptoms in psoriasis: a 6-month follow-up study
Authors: E. SNELLMAN, J. LAUHARANTA, A. REUNANEN, C.T. JANSEN, T.JYRKINEN PAKKASVIRTA, M. KALLIO, J. LUOMA, A. AROMAA, J. WAAL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

The effect of heliotherapy on psoriasis skin lesions and arthritis was studied in a trial comprising 4 weeks of therapy in the Canary Islands and a 6-nionth follow-up period, A total of 373 patients participated in the heliotherapy and in patients completed the follow-up period. The severity of skin lesions was evaluated using a psoriasis severity index (PSI), and that of the arthropathy by using an arthritis index (AI). During heliotherapy, the PSI decreased significantly from the initial median value of 4.5 to the final value of 0.2, A reduction in the PSI of at least 75% was achieved in 84% of the patients. Guttate psoriasis improved significantly better than plaque-type or erythrodermic psoriasis. There was no correlation between skin type and improvement. Initially, 129 patients had symptoms of arthritis. During heliotherapy, the AI decreased significantly from the initial median value of 6 to the final value of 2. The median time until starting another treatment after heliotherapy was 80 days, and the PSI had returned to its original value in 49% of the patients in 6 months. In patients with joint symptoms the AI returned to the pretreatment level within 6 months. A 4-week heliotherapy period effectively cleared psoriasis, alleviated joint symptoms, and reduced both morbidity and treatment requirement to a considerable extent in the ensuing 6-month period.
HIV risk behaviour in gay men: on the rise?
Authors: A. Grulich
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Papers p 1510 

In most developed countries it was gay men who were affected earliest and most severely by HIV. In the early 1980s, incidence rates of HIV of 20% a year were described, leading to a prevalence of up to 50% in gay men in some US cities.1 Death and disability became part of life in gay communities. As soon as AIDS was recognised as being a sexually transmissible infection, education and prevention campaigns were rapidly implemented. In many countries, these were mobilised by gay organisations in the face of government inaction. These campaigns led to large scale declines in the practice of unprotected anal intercourse, which had previously been the norm, and declines in the incidence of sexually transmissible infections, including HIV.1 2 This behaviour change was so successful in reducing the incidence of HIV that gay communities became the example of what is possible in HIV prevention in the community.

Since the mid-1990s, new combination antiretroviral therapies have …
Frequent in-frame somatic deletions activate gp130 in inflammatory hepatocellular tumors
Authors: M. M. Spannbauer, C. Trautwein
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Inflammatory hepatocellular adenomas are benign liver tumours defined by the presence of inflammatory infiltrates and by the increased expression of inflammatory proteins in tumour hepatocytes. Here we show a marked activation of the interleukin (IL)-6 signalling pathway in this tumour type; sequencing candidate genes pinpointed this response to somatic gain-of-function mutations in the IL6ST gene, which encodes the signalling co-receptor gp130. Indeed, 60% of inflammatory hepatocellular adenomas harbour small in-frame deletions that target the binding site of gp130 for IL-6, and expression of four different gp130 mutants in hepatocellular cells activates signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in the absence of ligand. Furthermore, analysis of hepatocellular carcinomas revealed that rare gp130 alterations are always accompanied by b-catenin-activating mutations, suggesting a cooperative effect of these signalling pathways in the malignant conversion of hepatocytes. The recurrent gain-of-function gp130 mutations in these human hepatocellular adenomas fully explains activation of the acute inflammatory phase observed in tumourous hepatocytes, and suggests that similar alterations may occur in other inflammatory epithelial tumours with STAT3 activation.