tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The first synthetic estrogen.
Authors: J Ashby
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

of data, statistical analysis, etc.However, we now consider that biological factors, of which we are unaware and for which we have not controlled, have the potential to exert developmental effects on testis weight which are at least as great as the maximum effects that can be induced by the addition of a potent estrogen (DES) to the mother's drinking water during pregnancy and lacta- tion.This conclusion, and our other experiences outlined above, have obvious relevance to the ongoing debate regarding the design and application of in vivo tests for the detec- tion of adverse effects ofhormone disruptors.We consider it our scientific responsibility to bring these matters to the attention of all those involved in this area.
Caffeine use during pregnancy: how much is safe?
Authors: B. Eskenazi
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Mills et al<sup>1</sup>is one of the first prospective evaluations of the relationship of caffeine use and reproductive outcomes and, thus, is an important contribution to the field. However, we have concerns about the authors' conclusions. First, the results of this study are inconsistent with many of the findings previously reported. Nine of 12 studies representing a variety of populations and study designs found a relationship between maternal caffeine consumption and low birth weight or intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), although the evidence for the relationship of caffeine and spontaneous abortion (SAB) is less consistent.<sup>2</sup>Both decreased birth weight and an increase in SAB have been reported in monkeys consuming caffeine in drinking water at concentrations within the range of human exposure.<sup>3</sup>There are a number of biologically plausible mechanisms for caffeine to adversely affect both of these end points, eg, vasoconstriction
Characterization of virologic escape in hepatitis C virus genotype 1b patients treated with the direct-acting antivirals daclatasvir and asunaprevir
Authors: Yoshiyasu Karino, Joji Toyota, Kenji Ikeda, Fumitaka Suzuki, Kazuaki Chayama, Yoshiiku Kawakami, Hiroki Ishikawa, Hideaki Watanabe, Dennis Hernandez, Fei Yu, Fiona McPhee, Hiromitsu Kumada
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
The Scal atrial natriuretic peptide gene polymorphism in relation to nonfatal myocardial infarction in patients with angiographically confirmed coronary heart disease
Authors: Marcin Gruchala, Dariusz Ciecwierz, Witold Dubaniewicz, Bartosz Wasag, Radoslaw Targonski, Karolina Ochman, Rafal Dworakowski, Wojciech Sobiczewski, Bartosz Curyllo, Andrzej Rynkiewicz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Illness Resembling Lupus Erythematosus in Mothers of Boys with Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Authors: JANE SCHALLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Chronic lupus-like illness, characterized by arthralgia, cutaneous manifestations of lupus erythematosus, and photosensitivity, occurred in two mothers of boys with chronic granulomatous disease; one mother also had Raynaud's phenomenon, pleuritis, and unexplained fevers, and both had recurrent stomatitis. Both mothers were carriers with a population of defective leukocytes demonstrable in vitro. Neither had hypergammaglobulinemia or positive tests for antinuclear antibodies, lupus erythematosus cells, or rheumatoid factors. The occurrence of lupus, particularly discoid lupus, in carriers of chronic granulomatous disease has been sporadically mentioned and appears to be more frequent than would be expected from a chance occurrence. The association of lupus-like illness with this partial immune defect may be pertinent to the hypothesis that lupus erythematosus results in some way from an infectious process.
THE STANDARDIZED HOSPITAL AS A TRAINING SCHOOL FOR BETTER PHYSICIANS AND NURSES
Authors: N. P. COLWELL
Journal: JAMA (1926)

By a "standardized" hospital is meant one in which the grounds, buildings, equipment, methods and personnel are developed up to or beyond the requirements of a standard or schedule of requirements fixed by some standardizing agency. The remarkable fact has been the prompt recognition by hospital superintendents, staff and other personnel of the needs for hospital improvement and the ready acquiescence to the suggestions made by the several standardizing agencies. Rather than a drafted army, which, to escape a penalty, follows a flag or standard, the hospitals are more fittingly referred to as an army of enthusiastic volunteer workers who, after all, in all worthwhile work, are those who accomplish the most. <h3>THE STIMULUS FOR IMPROVEMENT</h3> The improvement in hospitals, as in medical schools, has been a natural result of the tremendous increase in medical knowledge during the last fifty years. The activities of Pasteur gave an impetus to medical
Primary Carcinoma of the Appendix
Authors: Emil Herczeg
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Primary adenocarcinoma of the appendix is a rare tumor. Fewer than 200 cases are on record. Correct preoperative diagnosis is virtually nonexistent. Two patients with adenocarcinoma of the appendix are described. Although appendectomy appears to be adequate treatment for carcinoid, right hemicolectomy is, in our opinion, the treatment of choice for mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, while it is mandatory in cases of adenocarcinoma of the colonic type. (<i>JAMA</i>238:51-52, 1977)
SCREENING ASYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES FOR SILENT MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA: IMPORTANT GENDER DIFFERENCES FROM THE DETECTION OF ISCHEMIA IN ASYMPTOMATIC DIABETICS (DIAD) STUDY
Authors: Suman Tandon, Shanti Bansal, Silvio E. Inzucchi, Lawrence H. Staib, Janice A. Davey, Deborah A. Chyun, Lawrence H. Young, Frans J Th Wackers
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Magnesium sulphate should be used for eclamptic fits
Authors: L. Duley
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—The letter by Robert Fox and Tim Draycott has a misleading title1: the fits under discussion are eclamptic, not pre-eclamptic (as the definition of eclampsia is the occurrence of fits superimposed on pre-eclampsia). The letter is also misleading in giving advice to use diazepam rather than magnesium sulphate for the initial control of eclamptic convulsions. This advice could lead to maternal morbidity.

The description of the treatment regimens used in …
BCR–ABL-specific cytotoxic T cells in the bone marrow of patients with Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia during second-generation tyrosine-kinase inhibitor therapy
Authors: G Riva, M Luppi, C Quadrelli, P Barozzi, S Basso, D Vallerini, E Zanetti, M Morselli, F Forghieri, M Maccaferri, A Paolini, C Del Giovane, R D'Amico, R Marasca, F Narni, I Iacobucci, G Martinelli, M Baccarani, P Comoli, L Potenza
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2011)

BCR–ABL-specific cytotoxic T cells in the bone marrow of patients with Ph +  acute lymphoblastic leukemia during second-generation tyrosine-kinase inhibitor therapy
NEUROSYPHILIS AND MALARIA
Authors: Nathaniel Bercovitz
Journal: JAMA (1924)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Within the last few years, much interest has been aroused by the possibility that general paralysis might be favorably affected by certain acute febrile infections, notably malaria. Experimental work has been done in which blood of malarial patients in which parasites were found was injected directly into the veins of paralytic patients, and improvement and even cure of these patients has been reported. During a period of eight years in Hainan, China, I have seen more than 6,000 hospital inpatients, and more than 20,000 outpatients. Hainan is in the tropics, and malaria is literally a universal disease. Probably all of the 3,000,000 people of Hainan harbor the malaria parasites in their systems; probably 90 per cent. of these have one or more attacks of malaria during the course of a year, and many people die each year from malaria. The tertian and estivo-autumnal types are most frequently
Ouabain. A stimulator of atrial natriuretic peptide secretion and its mechanism of action.
Authors: R J Schiebinger, E J Cragoe
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Ouabain increases atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion. When isolated superfused rat left atria were paced at 2 Hz, ouabain at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 microM increased ANP secretion by 2.0 +/- 0.3-, 3.2 +/- 0.5-, and 4.2 +/- 0.5-fold, respectively. In this study, we examine the mechanism of ouabain-stimulated ANP secretion using the dose of 100 microM. To determine whether calcium played a role, atria were superfused with the calcium antagonist lanthanum. Superfusion with 2 mM LaCl3 completely inhibited ouabain-stimulated secretion, suggesting that calcium influx and/or sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium release provide essential sources of calcium for the stimulatory pathway. To determine the contribution of calcium from the SR, atria were superfused with ryanodine, an agent that depletes the SR of calcium. Superfusion with 1 microM ryanodine inhibited ouabain-stimulated secretion by 47%. Inhibition of Na+,K(+)-ATPase allows sodium to accumulate in the cell. A rise in intracellular sodium alters Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange, leading to an increase in cytosolic calcium. To determine the mechanism of sodium entry, atria were superfused with 5-(N,N-hexamethylene)amiloride (HMA), an inhibitor of Na(+)-H+ exchange, or with bumetanide, an inhibitor of Na(+)-K(+)-Cl- cotransport. Superfusion with 25 microM HMA inhibited ouabain-stimulated secretion by 71%; however, 100 microM bumetanide had no significant effect on secretion. Ouabain failed to stimulate ANP secretion by nonpaced (nonbeating) atria. Likewise, superfusion with the combination of ryanodine (1 microM) and the calcium channel antagonist israpidine (10 microM) totally blocked ouabain-stimulated ANP secretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Successful Treatment of UGT1A1 Deficiency in a Rat Model of Crigler–Najjar Disease by Intravenous Administration of a Liver-Specific Lentiviral Vector
Authors: Pascal van der Wegen, Rogier Louwen, Ali M. Imam, Ruvalic M. Buijs-Offerman, Maarten Sinaasappel, Frank Grosveld, Bob J. Scholte
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Treatment of congenital and acquired liver disease is one of the main issues in the field of gene therapy. Self-inactivating lentiviral vectors have several potential advantages over alternative systems. We have constructed a self-inactivating lentiviral vector (LV-ALBUGT) that expresses the human bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A1) from a liver-specific promoter. UGT1A1 is involved in the clearance of heme metabolites in the liver. This enzyme is deficient in Crigler-Najjar disease, a recessive inherited disorder in humans characterized by chronic severe jaundice, i.e., high plasma bilirubin levels. Gunn rats suffer from the same defect and are used as an animal model of this disease. We have treated juvenile Gunn rats by single intravenous injection with the LV-ALBUGT vector. Over 1 year after treatment with the highest dose (5 x 10(8) transducing units), we observed a stable reduction of bilirubin levels to near normal levels and normal secretion of bilirubin conjugates in the bile, in contrast to untreated animals. In situ hybridization showed expression of the therapeutic gene in more than 30% of liver parenchymal cells. Thus, we demonstrate stable and complete clinical remission of a congenital metabolic liver disease in an animal model, after systemic administration of a therapeutic lentiviral vector.
TOXEMIA OF PREGNANCY IN THE RABBIT
Authors: Harry S. N. Greene
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1938)

No definite conclusions relative to the etiology of toxemia of pregnancy in the rabbit can be drawn from the evidence obtained to date, but certain findings are suggestive and will be investigated further in future studies. These findings suggest that the disorder in the rabbit is a generic variation of eclampsia in man. The incidence, clinical manifestations and pathological lesions indicate that the disorder is of hypophyseal origin and that the association with pregnancy is due to altered activity of that gland in the terminal stages of gestation. Hereditary factors related to race and certain constitutional variations were associated with increased susceptibility, but their expression was apparently dependent upon environmental conditions. The association of widespread reproductive disturbances with the outbreak of toxemia suggests a causal relation, and it is assumed that the endocrine imbalance was a primary factor in their genesis and was induced by changed environmental conditions. The general response of the population was manifest in functional disturbances which were of minor severity in normal groups and were expressed as toxemia in inherently susceptible animals.
OVARY AND TUBE AND OVARIAN TUMORS IN THE INGUINAL CANAL.RARE CONDITION. REPORT OF TWO CASES.
Authors: J. H. CARSTENS
Journal: JAMA (1907)

As this is a very rare condition I thought the report of two additional cases might be interesting. They are as follows: <h3>Case 1.</h3> —Miss C. Z., aged 22, had the ordinary diseases of childhood, and, as a rule, has been in good health. When 12 years of age she noticed a tumor in the left groin which gradually increased in size and then remained stationary. At this time she started to menstruate, and has been regular and normal since, except pain in the tumor, and in the last year this has been getting much worse. Examination revealed a tumor, in the inguinal canal three and a half inches long and one and a half in diameter, which is fluctuating. I made the diagnosis of so-called hydrocele in the female and advised its removal. Operation March 25, 1906. Operated in the usual manner. In trying to peel out the cyst
Decrease of Glomerular Hyperfiltration in Short-Term Diabetic Adolescents Without Microalbuminuria
Authors: Emilio Bognetti, Franco Meschi, Riccardo Bonfanti, Luigi Gianolli, Giuseppe Chiumello
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

Objective— This study has been designed to follow prospectively the GFR and UAE of young patients with short-term IDDM and normal UAE. Research Design and Methods— The study population consisted of 19 patients with glomerular hyperfiltration and 19 patients with normal GFR, matched for duration of diabetes and age. GFR has been assessed by radioisotopic tracer and UAE by RIA at the beginning of the study and after 30.5 ± 10.4 mo of follow-up. Results— GFR decreased in the two groups but Δ GFR of patients with glomerular hyperfiltration was greater than Δ GFR of patients with normal GFR (0.83 ± 0.55 vs. 0.28 ± 0.63 ml·min−1·mo−1; P &amp;lt; 0.01). UAE, BP, and prevalence of microalbuminuria were comparable between the two groups at follow-up. Rate of fall of GFR was positively correlated with initial GFR (r = 0.59, P &amp;lt; 0.001) but not with initial UAE, BP, or changes in HbA1C, UAE, BP, or pubertal development during follow-up. Conclusions— Investigation of kidney function in children and adolescents with IDDM over a 3-yr follow-up period shows that glomerular hyperfiltration is characterized by a greater decline in GFR without an increased rate of appearance of microalbuminuria, than in patients with normal GFR.
Market Reforms for the Health Care System-Reply
Authors: Eli Ginzberg
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The criticisms by Dr Honbo suggest I assumed that the health insurance market has been a free market and that the consumer lacks the knowledge and ability to pick his or her own insurance. In fact, I have long been opposed to the hidden federal income tax subsidy to both employees and employers in their purchase of insurance coverage, and I have never expressed a view about consumers' ability to select their own insurance policy. But I definitely believe that insurance needs to be a regulated industry. Congress did not decide to regulate the Medigap market just for fun! Next, Dr Steinberg holds me in error because I failed to appreciate that all the bad things that have happened, such as executives of managed care programs ripping off employees and providing incentives for physicians to skimp on treating patients, reflect governmental interference, such as the HMO Act of
Comparison of the Histamine and Tyramine Hydrochloride Tests in the Diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Sheldon G. Sheps
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The tyramine hydrochloride test of Engelman and Sjoerdsma was compared with the standard cold pressorhistamine test in seven patients with pheochromocytoma, five with essential hypertension, and three with labile hypertension. Urinary and blood catecholamines and urinary vanilmandelic acid (VMA) and metanephrines were also determined. One nontumor patient had a systolic pressor response (20 mm Hg greater than cold pressor response) after histamine; none had a response greater than 15 mm Hg after tyramine injection. The blood and urine values were normal in nontumor patients. Among the tumor patients, five had a marked pressor response to histamine, five had a mild pressor response (> 20 mm Hg) to tyramine, and six had increased circulating pressor amine levels. All tumor patients had increased values for urinary metanephrines, six had increased catecholamine values, and five had increased VMA values.
Linomide prevents the lethal effect of anti-Fas antibody and reduces Fas-mediated ceramide production in mouse hepatocytes.
Authors: C Redondo, I Flores, A Gonzalez, S Nagata, A C Carrera, I Merida, C Martinez-A
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Fas is an apoptosis-signaling receptor molecule expressed in vivo on thymocytes, liver, heart, and ovary. In vivo administration of the anti-Fas Jo2 antibody in mice induces severe apoptotic liver damage leading to fulminant hepatitis and death. Linomide, a quinoline 3-carboxamide, inhibits apoptosis of B and T cells induced by various stimuli including viruses, superantigens, and glucocorticoids. Mice treated with linomide survived the lethal effect of anti-Fas antibody, did not accumulate ceramide in hepatocytes, and recovered liver structure and function within 96 h of anti-Fas injection, as confirmed by histology and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase levels. Surviving mice showed severe depletion of cortical thymocytes, but medullar thymic cells expressing high CD3 and Fas levels also survived the treatment with anti-Fas in the presence of linomide. Heart, lung, and ovary showed no signs of apoptosis promoted by Fas ligation. These results suggest that linomide prevents cell death triggered by Fas ligation and can be useful for therapeutic intervention in fulminant hepatitis.
Intra-arterial Injection of Propoxyphene Into Brachial Artery
Authors: Hubert S. Pearlman
Journal: JAMA (1970)

In the case of intra-arterial injection of propoxyphene hydrochloride (Darvon) discussed here, management included dextran 40 in a steady drip, extensive fasciotomy, and secondary excision of necrotic muscle after the wound was maintained open for a week. This produced an excellent functional result. The exploration of the artery, instillation of papauerine hydrochloride, and injection of the adventitia with lidocaine (Xylocaine) was of questionable value. The arteriogram done at the time of initial surgery showed clear areas of blockage of the digital arteries.
CHANGE IN EPICARDIAL FAT VOLUME: IS IT RELATED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW CORONARY ARTERY CALCIFICATION?
Authors: Yuka Otaki, Damini Dey, Victor Cheng, Rine Nakanishi, Ronak Rajani, Haim Shmilovitch, Ryo Nakazato, Sean Hayes, Louise Thomson, Heidi Gransar, John Friedman, Piotr Slomka, Nathan Wong, Alan Rozanski, Leslee Shaw, Matthew Budoff, Daniel Berman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
991. Suppression of Established Collagen Induced Arthritis and Delayed Type Hypersensitivity by Immunosuppressive Dendritic Cell-Derived Exosomes
Authors: Seon-Hee Kim, Nicole R. Bianco, William J. Shufesky, Adrian E. Morelli, Paul D. Robbins
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

We have previously demonstrated the ability of dendritic cells (DC) genetically modified by adenoviral infection to express interleukin (IL)-10, IL-4 and Fas ligand (L) to: i) reduce inflammation in a model of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), ii) suppress the onset on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and iii) reduce the severity of established arthritis in mice. We now have demonstrated that exosomes derived from genetically modified, bone marrow- derived DC can reduce the severity and the incidence of established CIA and inhibit inflammation in a model of DTH in mice. The ability of the DC and DC-derived exosomes to suppress the DTH response was MHC Class II, B7.1/B7.2 and Fas/FasL dependent. In addition to exosomes from DC, we tested whether serum exosomes elicit a similar immuno-regulatory effect in a murine model. Our results have demonstrated that exosomes isolated from serum of mice immunized against the model antigen KLH, but not from OVA-immunized mice, were able to suppress KLH-specific DTH inflammatory responses when injected into the footpad. The anti- inflammatory effect of the MHC class II+ serum-derived exosomes was dependent upon the presence of FasL on the exosomes surface and Fas in the recipient mouse. These results demonstrate that administration of both exosomes derived from genetically modifiedDC and from serum are able to regulate the outcome of the T cell response in vivo in an antigen-specific manner through MHC and Fas/FasL-dependent mechanisms. These results may explain the efficacy of certain types of exosomes for treatment of established CIA and suppression of the DTH inflammatory response. Thus DC- and serum-derived exosomes could be used as therapeutic tools for the treatment of T cell-mediated autoimmune disorders and inflammatory diseases.
In vivo regulation of secretion of bronchiolar Clara cells in rats.
Authors: G D Massaro, M Paris, L A Thet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

We used ultrastructural morphometric methods to study the in vivo regulation of secretion in bronchiolar Clara cells of rats. The Clara cells studied were located in airways with an internal diameter of 0.21 +/- 0.06 mm (mean +/- SD) at a transpulmonary pressure of 20 cm H2O. We found that pilocarpine caused a 50% decrease in the volume density of secretory granules of Clara cells in 60 min and that atropine blocked this effect. Isoproterenol produced a similar fall in volume density and this was blocked by propranolol. Propranolol also blocked the effect of pilocarpine. The fall in volume density of the secretory granules produced by pilocarpine and by isoproterenol occurred without any change in the surface-to-volume ratio of the granules. This indicates the change in volume density reflected a decrease in number rather than in size of the secretory granules. The observation that propranolol blocks the secretory response to pilocarpine as well as the response to isoproterenol suggests a dual in series cholinergic adrenergic regulation of secretion in bronchiolar Clara cells in rats.
Philippines tackles air pollution
Authors: C. Wallerstein
Journal: BMJ (1999)

After six years of governmental wrangling and a massive nationwide campaign to gather signatures, the Philippines—home to one of the world's most polluted cities—is on the verge of passing clean air legislation.

The population of Manila has grown faster than that in any other city since 1970 and now stands at at least 12 million, with 12600 people to each square kilometre. Thousands live in the shadow of power stations or industrial plants. Smog constantly blankets the city, 2.2 million motor vehicles form traffic jams, and pedestrians keep handkerchiefs clamped over their mouths and …
Cadaveric full-size liver transplantation and the graft alternatives in adults: A comparative study from a single centre
Authors: Mylène Sebagh, Funda Yilmaz, Vincent Karam, Bruno Falissard, Philippe Ichaï, Bruno Roche, Denis Castaing, Catherine Guettier, Didier Samuel, Daniel Azoulay
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)