tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Moderate sodium restriction with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor in essential hypertension: a double blind study.
Authors: G A MacGregor, N D Markandu, D R Singer, F P Cappuccio, A C Shore, G A Sagnella
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Fifteen unselected patients who had essential hypertension and whose average supine blood pressure when they were not receiving any treatment and their usual sodium intake was 162/107 mm Hg were treated with captopril 50 mg twice daily. After one month9s treatment their supine blood pressure had decreased to 149/94 mm Hg. They were then instructed to reduce their sodium intake to about 80 mmol(mEq)/day. After two weeks of moderate sodium restriction they were entered into a double blind randomised crossover study comparing the effect of 10 Slow Sodium tablets (100 mmol sodium chloride) with matching placebo tablets while continuing to take captopril and restrict sodium in their diet. After one month of taking placebo their mean supine blood pressure was 137/88 mm Hg with a urinary sodium excretion of 83 mmol/24 h, while after one month of taking Slow Sodium tablets their mean supine blood pressure was 150/97 mm Hg (p less than 0.001) with a sodium excretion of 183 mmol/24 h. The mean supine blood pressure during moderate sodium restriction therefore decreased by 9% and correlated significantly with the reduction in urinary sodium excretion. These results suggest that the combination of treatment with a moderate but practical reduction in sodium intake and an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor is effective in decreasing the blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. This combined approach overcomes some of the objections that have been made to salt restriction alone and to converting enzyme inhibitors alone.
Coronary Sinus and Myocardial Tissue Blood Flow Determined by the Hydrogen Electrode.
Authors: Patrick H. Lehan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 October 1964Coronary Sinus and Myocardial Tissue Blood Flow Determined by the Hydrogen Electrode.Patrick H. Lehan, M.D., H. A. Oldewurtel, M.D., P. Casanegra, M.D., H. K. Hellems, M.D. (Associate)Patrick H. Lehan, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, H. A. Oldewurtel, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, P. Casanegra, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, H. K. Hellems, M.D. (Associate)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-4-799_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA method for rapid and repeated determinations of coronary blood flow (CBF) has been devised in dogs using the potentiometric hydrogen electrode. After a brief inhalation of hydrogen gas, the oxidation-reduction potential of the electrodes placed in the coronary sinus and discrete areas of the myocardium were recorded. Left ventricular and regional flow were determined from the slope constant of the hydrogen clearance curves obtained from the coronary sinus and ventricular tissue. Reproducible CBF ranging from 40 to 110 ml/100 g/min were obtained in anesthetized dogs.Studies of regional myocardial flow after coronary artery ligation revealed two distinct flow patterns.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Jersey City, N. J. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1964Volume 61, Issue 4Page: 799-799KeywordsBlood flowCoronary arteriesElectrode recordingInhalationLigation assayMyocardium Issue Published: 1 October 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Intravascular Ultrasound Findings in Patients With Very Late Stent Thrombosis After Either Drug-Eluting or Bare-Metal Stent Implantation
Authors: Cheol Whan Lee, Su-Jin Kang, Duk-Woo Park, Seung-Hwan Lee, Young-Hak Kim, Jae-Joong Kim, Seong-Wook Park, Gary S. Mintz, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Ultra-Fast Hypoallergenic Birch Pollen Allergy Vaccine Allert Is Efficient and Safe: Results Of a Phase IIb Study
Authors: Francois Spertini, Frederic de BLAY, Lars Jacobsen, Marek Jutel, Margitta Worm, Gilles Della Corte, Alexander Kettner, Vincent Charlon, Christophe Reymond
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Chemoprevention of Melanoma: An Unexplored Strategy
Authors: Marie-France Demierre, Larry Nathanson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

The incidence and mortality of melanoma has continued to increase steeply—faster than most other preventable cancers in the United States. Current sun protection strategies have yet to reduce this increased incidence and mortality. Chemoprevention, defined as the use of natural or synthetic agents to delay, reverse, suppress, or prevent premalignant molecular or histologic lesions from progressing to invasive cancer, has become an important area in cancer research. Melanoma, with its associated risk factors and its known precursors or premalignant lesions, should lend itself well to chemoprevention. Prerequisites for this research should include determination of the molecular mechanisms of ultraviolet (UV) melanomagenesis; use of animal models to test candidate prevention agents; use of molecular and histologic markers as surrogate end point markers; collection of epidemiological, basic science, or in vitro data on potential chemoprevention candidate drugs; and selection of a high-risk patient population in which to carry out clinical chemoprevention trials. Preliminary data available in all these areas are reviewed. Possible mechanisms and molecular targets for the chemoprevention of UV-induced melanoma are discussed. This recent information should stimulate research in the chemoprevention of melanoma.
Bile duct proliferation in liver-specific<i>Jag1</i>conditional knockout mice: Effects of gene dosage
Authors: Kathleen M. Loomes, Pierre Russo, Matthew Ryan, Anthony Nelson, Lara Underkoffler, Curtis Glover, Hong Fu, Thomas Gridley, Klaus H. Kaestner, Rebecca J. Oakey
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

The Notch signaling pathway is involved in determination of cell fate and control of cell proliferation in multiple organ systems. Jag1 encodes a ligand in the Notch pathway and has been identified as the disease-causing gene for the developmental disorder Alagille syndrome. Evidence from the study of human disease and mouse models has implicated Jag1 as having an important role in the development of bile ducts. We have derived a conditional knockout allele ( Jag1 loxP) to study the role of Jag1 and Notch signaling in liver and bile duct development. We crossed Jag1 loxP mice with a transgenic line carrying Cre recombinase under the control of the albumin promoter and α-fetoprotein enhancer to ablate Jag1 in hepatoblasts. The liver-specific Jag1 conditional knockout mice showed normal bile duct development. To further decrease Notch pathway function, we crossed the Jag1 conditional knockout mice with mice carrying the hypomorphic Notch2 allele, and bile duct anatomy remained normal. When Jag1 conditional mice were crossed with mice carrying the Jag1 null allele, the adult progeny exhibited striking bile duct proliferation. Conclusion: These results indicate that Notch signaling in the liver is sensitive to Jag1 gene dosage and suggest a role for the Notch pathway in postnatal growth and morphogenesis of bile ducts.
Endotoxin administration to humans inhibits hepatic cytochrome P450-mediated drug metabolism.
Authors: S I Shedlofsky, B C Israel, C J McClain, D B Hill, R A Blouin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

In experimental animals, injection of gram-negative endotoxin (LPS) decreases hepatic cytochrome P450-mediated drug metabolism. To evaluate this phenomenon in a human model of gram-negative sepsis, LPS was administered on two consecutive days to healthy male volunteers during which time a cocktail of antipyrine (AP-250 mg), hexobarbital (HB-500 mg), and theophylline (TH-150 mg) was ingested and the apparent oral clearance of each drug determined. Each subject had a control drug clearance study with saline injections. In the first experiment, six subjects received the drug cocktail 0.5 h after the first dose of LPS. In the second experiment, another six subjects received the drug cocktail 0.5 h after the second dose of LPS. In both experiments, LPS caused the expected physiologic responses of inflammation including fever with increases in serum concentrations of TNF alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and acute phase reactants. In the first experiment, only minor decreases in clearances of the probe drugs were observed (7-12%). However in the second experiment, marked decreases in the clearances of AP (35, 95% CI 18-48%), HB (27, 95% CI 14-34%), and TH (22, 95% CI 12-32%) were seen. The decreases in AP clearance correlated with initial peak values of TNF alpha (r = 0.82) and IL-6 (r = 0.86). These data show that in humans the inflammatory response to even a very low dose of LPS significantly decreases hepatic cytochrome P450-mediated drug metabolism and this effect evolves over a 24-h period. It is likely that septic patients with much higher exposures to LPS have more profound inhibition of drug metabolism.
Lessons Learned for the Assessment of Children’s Pesticide Exposure: Critical Sampling and Analytical Issues for Future Studies
Authors: Richard A. Fenske, Asa Bradman, Robin M. Whyatt, Mary S. Wolff, Dana B. Barr
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

In this article we examine sampling strategies and analytical methods used in a series of recent studies of children's exposure to pesticides that may prove useful in the design and implementation of the National Children's Study. We focus primarily on the experiences of four of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/ Children's Centers and include University of Washington studies that predated these centers. These studies have measured maternal exposures, perinatal exposures, infant and toddler exposures, and exposure among young children through biologic monitoring, personal sampling, and environmental monitoring. Biologic monitoring appears to be the best available method for assessment of children's exposure to pesticides, with some limitations. It is likely that a combination of biomarkers, environmental measurements, and questionnaires will be needed after careful consideration of the specific hypotheses posed by investigators and the limitations of each exposure metric. The value of environmental measurements, such as surface and toy wipes and indoor air or house dust samples, deserves further investigation. Emphasis on personal rather than environmental sampling in conjunction with urine or blood sampling is likely to be most effective at classifying exposure. For infants and young children, ease of urine collection (possible for extended periods of time) may make these samples the best available approach to capturing exposure variability of nonpersistent pesticides; additional validation studies are needed. Saliva measurements of pesticides, if feasible, would overcome the limitations of urinary metabolite-based exposure analysis. Global positioning system technology appears promising in the delineation of children's time-location patterns.
Improving safety could save 15 000 children's lives a year in Europe, says WHO
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2006)

In 2002 an estimated 28 000 children in Europe under the age of 15 lost their lives through injuries, data from the World Health Organization show. More than half the deaths could have been prevented if safety measures were improved, particularly in countries with poor safety records.

The WHO's league table on deaths from childhood injuries, launched at the first European conference on injury prevention and safety promotion this weekend, shows a wide gap between countries in the European region in mortality from injuries among children and in safety …
Increased expression of growth factor genes for macrophages and fibroblasts in bronchoalveolar lavage cells of a patient with pulmonary histiocytosis X.
Authors: J Barth, H Kreipe, H J Radzun, K Heidorn, W Petermann, B Bewig, M R Parwaresch
Journal: Thorax (1991)

Pulmonary histiocytosis X is the local manifestation of a systemic disorder of unknown cause characterised by infiltration of Langerhans cell like histiocytes and parenchymal fibrosis. In a male smoker with histologically proved histiocytosis X and functional impairment bronchoalveolar lavage showed an increase in CD-1/OKT-6 antigen positive histiocytes to 8%. Northern blot analysis of RNA from bronchoalveolar lavage cells showed an exaggerated expression of the M-CSF gene and of the c-fms gene encoding for the corresponding receptor. An increased level of c-sis RNA, which encodes the B chain of platelet derived growth factor, was also found. Diffuse reticulonodular infiltrates on the chest radiograph resolved with glucocorticoid treatment and CD-1/OKT-6 antigen positive histiocytes fell to 3%. Macrophage colony stimulating factor, c-fms and c-sis gene expression were reduced almost to normal after treatment. The results suggest that macrophage colony stimulating factor and platelet derived growth factor may have a role in the initiation or maintenance of pathological reactions in pulmonary histiocytosis X.
Postexercise Peril-Reply
Authors: Joel E. Dimsdale
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In Reply.—  Dr Zucker raises an interesting historical question. It is hard enough agreeing about the interpretation of a recent case; the task is harder in ascertaining the facts about a 2,500-year-old case.  Working backward, one rapidly loses the trail of Pheidippides' sudden death. Surprisingly enough, a major source for this popular legend is Robert Browning's1magnificent poem.  He flung down his shield  Ran like fire once more: and the space twixt the fennel field  And Athens was stubble again, a field which a fire runs through  'Til in he broke: Rejoice we conquer! Like wine through clay,  Joy in his blood bursting his heart, he died—the bliss!2  For some reason, the theme of the hero's sudden death is prominent in many of Browning's other works. As a result, one wonders if the Pheidippides case reflects poetic license as opposed to historical/medical fact. The logical reference to check
Independence of myocardial oxygen consumption from pressure-volume trajectory during diastole in canine left ventricle.
Authors: H Suga, Y Goto, O Yamada, Y Igarashi
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

We have found that myocardial oxygen consumption is linearly correlated with the systolic pressure-volume area in the canine left ventricle. This pressure-volume area is a specific area in the pressure-volume diagram that is circumscribed by the end-systolic pressure-volume relation line, the end-diastolic pressure-volume relation curve, and the systolic segment of the pressure-volume trajectory. This area is equivalent to the total mechanical energy generated by ventricular contraction, consisting of the external mechanical work and the mechanical potential energy. In the present study, we specifically changed the course of the diastolic segment of the pressure-volume trajectory without changing the systolic segment of the pressure-volume trajectory and the systolic pressure-volume area. Although the fractions of external mechanical work and mechanical potential energy in the pressure-volume area were markedly changed, the simultaneously measured left ventricular oxygen consumption remained unchanged. This result indicates that the myocardial oxygen consumption is predominantly determined by the total mechanical energy generated during systole, or the systolic pressure-volume area, independent of how the total mechanical energy is converted effectively to external mechanical work during the cardiac cycle.
Radiation Accidents and the Role of the Physician: A Post-Chernobyl Perspective
Authors: Gordon K. MacLeod
Journal: JAMA (1986)

No longer can it be said that no one has died from radiation in a nuclear power plant. Until the Chernobyl accident, the nuclear power industry had an enviable health record compared with that of oil-fed or coal-fired power plants that generate electricity. However, the Three Mile Island (TMI) accident in 1979 was a warning shot across the bow of the nuclear industry. This April, a direct hit occurred at Chernobyl. What have we learned in the seven years between these accidents? What have we done to improve the management and reduce the risk of a radiation accident at a nuclear power plant? What efforts have we made to educate ourselves and the public about the likelihood of nuclear incidents and accidents, and to minimize their health effects? Has activist sentiment against nuclear power perhaps been so strident that nuclear advocates have been coerced into defensively denying that any health
Retroviral insertional activation of the Fli-3 locus in erythroleukemias encoding a cluster of microRNAs that convert Epo-induced differentiation to proliferation
Authors: Jiu-Wei Cui, You-Jun Li, Aloke Sarkar, Jeremy Brown, Ye-Hui Tan, Marina Premyslova, Crystal Michaud, Norman Iscove, Guan-Jun Wang, Yaacov Ben-David
Journal: Blood (2007)
Epidemiologic aspects of Crohn's disease: a population based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1943-1982.
Authors: J H Gollop, S F Phillips, L J Melton, A R Zinsmeister
Journal: Gut (1988)

The overall age and sex adjusted incidence of Crohn9s disease among Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents was 4.0 per 100,000 person-year in the period 1943-1982. Ileitis, ileocolitis, and colitis each accounted for about one third of the 103 incidence cases. Incidence rates were greater in woman than men, were higher in the urban portions of the county, and rose over time. Overall, the natural history of Crohn9s disease in the community may be milder than that reported for patients at referral centres, as over half of all patients had no complications and only a third required surgery for Crohn9s disease. Only one developed adenocarcinoma of the colon (relative risk = 2.0, NS). Survival was relatively unimpaired for the cohort, but Crohn9s disease may have played a role in half of the deaths. The prevalence of Crohn9s disease was 90.5/100,000 population on 1 January 1980.
THE TREATMENT OF PSORIASIS WITH U.V.R., DITHRANOL PASTE AND TAR BATHS.
Authors: R. E. BOWERS, J. KNOWELDEN, D. DALTON, D. FURSDON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1966)

Journal Article THE TREATMENT OF PSORIASIS WITH U.V.R., DITHRANOL PASTE AND TAR BATHS. Get access R. E. BOWERS, B.Sc, M.D., M.R.C.P., R. E. BOWERS, B.Sc, M.D., M.R.C.P. Consultant Dermatologist, Gloucester Royal Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. KNOWELDEN, M.D., B.S., D.P.H., J. KNOWELDEN, M.D., B.S., D.P.H. Department of Dermatology, Gloucester Royal Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. DALTON, M.B., CH.B., D. DALTON, M.B., CH.B. Department of Dermatology, Gloucester Royal Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. FURSDON, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. D. FURSDON, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. Professor of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Sheffield Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 78, Issue 5, 1 May 1966, Pages 273–281, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1966.tb12222.x Published: 01 May 1966
Human Cerebral Blood Flow Measured by Two Inert Gas Techniques
Authors: N. A. LASSEN, K. HØEDT-RASMUSSEN
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

Two inert gas methods for measurement of tissue blood flow were compared. The two methods are (1) Kety and Schmidt's inert gas saturation method, in which the tissue saturation is followed by detecting the concentration of the tracer in the venous blood leaving the organ and (2) the intraarterial radioactive inert gas injection method where the tissue washout is measured by detecting the residue inside the tissue by an external scintillation detector. Theoretical considerations show a close relation between the two methods when carried to the time of full saturation or desaturation of the tissue or when stopped before full saturation. Experimental studies of cerebral blood flow in nine human subjects using Kr 85 revealed a close correlation between the two methods without any systematic difference between the two sets of data. The Kety-Schmidt outflow detection method is the method of choice for studying over-all tissue perfusion and metabolism. The residue detection method is best suited for measuring flow through circumscribed regions inside an organ and for resolving the flow curve to yield estimates of flow and relative weight of various tissue components.
Muscarinic Induction of Hippocampal Gamma Oscillations Requires Coupling of the M1 Receptor to Two Mixed Cation Currents
Authors: André Fisahn, Masahisa Yamada, Alokesh Duttaroy, Jai-Wei Gan, Chu-Xia Deng, Chris J McBain, Jürgen Wess
Journal: Neuron (2002)
Shared scheme for assessing drugs for multiple sclerosis: Dealing with uncertainties about cost effectiveness of treatments is difficult problem
Authors: D. Chadwick
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—Sudlow and Counsell argue for a trial comparing disease modifying treatments with azathioprine, and placebo as an alternative to the risk sharing scheme, which they believe to be scientifically unsound.1 As independent scientific advisers to the scheme we would like to correct some inaccuracies.

Firstly, patients who have already been prescribed disease modifying treatments will not contribute to the main analyses of cost effectiveness. …
Adhesio Interthalamica in Male Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Eva M. Meisenzahl, Thomas Frodl, Thomas Zetzsche, Gerda Leinsinger, Dirk Heiss, Klaus Maag, Ulrich Hegerl, Klaus Hahn, Hans-Jürgen Möller
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

The authors investigated whether absence of the adhesio interthalamica in patients with schizophrenia constitutes a marker of early developmental neuropathological changes.Thirty male patients with schizophrenia and 30 healthy male subjects were recruited for study. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed, and the presence or absence of the adhesio interthalamica was determined for each subject. The length and volume of the third ventricle were also measured.No differences in the presence or absence of the adhesio interthalamica were found between patients with schizophrenia and normal comparison subjects. Patients without the adhesio interthalamica had significantly higher scores for negative symptoms than patients with the adhesio interthalamica. There was no correlation between absence of the adhesio interthalamica and length and volume of the third ventricle in either patients or comparison subjects.The findings suggest that patients with schizophrenia who do not have the adhesio interthalamica are characterized by more severe negative symptoms.
John Charnley: The Man and the Hip
Authors: M. Mark Hoffer
Journal: JAMA (1990)

John Charnley (1911-1983) was one of the most important orthopedic surgeons in the world. His early work on military medicine, trauma, and arthritis and, finally, his biomechanical research that led to total joint surgery are well known. This wonderful book, written by an orthopedic colleague who knew him well, is more a biography than a medical text. The 233 easily read pages are supplemented by 83 photographs and scientific drawings, in addition to an extensive bibliography and glossary of orthopedic terms. The author gives us a sense of the making of Charnley's genius in a detailed review of his early life. Charnley was the son of a pharmacist in Bury, England, attended medical school at the University of Manchester, and after training in surgery with specialization in orthopedics received an emergency commission in the Royal Army Medical Corps. He served from 1940 to 1946 and saw action in Dunkirk and