tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON THE ANTIBODIES IN RABBIT ANTISERA RESPONSIBLE FOR SENSITIZATION OF HUMAN SKIN
Authors: John H. Vaughan, Elvin A. Kabat
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1953)

The capacity of rabbit anti-egg albumin sera to sensitize human skin has been studied. It has been shown that passive transfer by these sera is completely unrelated to the egg albumin-anti-egg albumin system, as demonstrated by a failure of passive transfer by some antisera containing ample anti-egg albumin and persistence of passive transfer in other antisera from which all anti-egg albumin had been removed by precipitation with homologous antigen. Three preparations of non-precipitating anti-egg albumin have been shown to have sensitizing capacities which bear no relation to their non-precipitating anti-egg albumin contents. From a portion of one of these the non-precipitating anti-egg albumin was removed without impairing its sensitizing ability, while in another portion obliteration of the sensitizing capacity was accomplished without reducing the anti-egg albumin. Evidence is presented to show that there are at least two possible antibodies in anti-egg albumin sera which are capable of inducing skin sensitivity and that they are antibodies against egg white impurities in crystalline egg albumin other than anti-conalbumin, anti-ovomucoid, and anti-lysozyme. The usefulness of a suitable quantitative precipitin technic for the analysis for antibodies against antigen impurities and for their selective absorption from sera is illustrated. The principle governing the procedure is described. The technic allows for the determination of a given trace antibody by working with such small concentrations of its purified specific antigen that whatever other antigen-antibody compounds are formed simultaneously with that to be determined will be below their solubility levels and consequently will not contribute appreciably to the precipitate.
Germline mutation of MSH6 as the cause of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer
Authors: Michiko Miyaki, Motoko Konishi, Kiyoko Tanaka, Rei Kikuchi-Yanoshita, Masatoshi Muraoka, Masamichi Yasuno, Tohru Igari, Morio Koike, Mitsuro Chiba, Takeo Mori
Journal: Nature Genetics (1997)
Markers of HIV Infection Prior to IgG Antibody Seropositivity
Authors: Susan L. Stramer
Journal: JAMA (1989)

During a 1-year period of study at two plasma collection centers, 7 of 35,000 plasma donors seroconverted to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and had stored plasma samples that predated or antedated the seroconversion period. From each donor, three to eight plasma samples that had been collected at 2- to 7-day intervals were tested for IgG and IgM antibodies to HIV with enzyme immunoassays, Western blot testing, and radioimmunoprecipitation assays. The presence of an HIV viremic phase was demonstrated by the infectivity of plasma on normal, phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and by the detection of HIV antigen. In 5 of these donors, HIV antigen was detected prior to or simultaneously with IgG to HIV; these HIV-antigen-positive samples overlapped an IgM immune response. The disappearance of detectable HIV antigen, and to a lesser extent plasma infectivity, was concurrent with the development of an IgG immune response. Although the improved sensitivity of a recombinant DNA-derived anti-HIV screening assay shortened the "window period" between initial HIV infection and antibody detection, HIV antigen and plasma HIV viremia were the only markers of HIV infection for several days in 2 donors. These results demonstrate that HIV plasma viremia and antigenemia occur prior to seroconversion in healthy plasma donors.
Care and Cost: Current Issues in Health Policy
Authors: Odin W. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The cost-containment issue of the health services in this country is stimulating overview books for the literate layperson and technical experts in the intricacies of this complicated enterprise. A recent one is the book being reviewed. It is sponsored by the Committee on Economic Development, which commissioned the research and position papers, and was funded by The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. By and large, the articles were written by economists and other market-oriented experts. The articles cover the major problems, such as catastrophic and long-term care; practitioner issues regarding economic incentives for professionally appropriate care; and workplace issues as to what employers can do about reducing costs, such as life-style changes, safety measures, and reduction of disability. Perhaps the only difference of opinion between two authors concerned the roles of government and the private sector in long-term financing of long-term care. One view was that government had to be the
288 CO-INFECTION WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) RESULTS IN HIGHER LEVEL OF REGULATORY T CELLS (TREG) IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) INFECTION
Authors: H.J. Hartling, J. Gaardbo, L.S. Knudsen, H. Ullum, B. Vainer, H. Bruunsgaard, M. Clausen, J. Gerstoft, S.D. Nielsen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Distribution of vulnerable plaque in the human coronary artery: angiographic and intravascular ultrasound analysis of occult atherosclerosis in proximal sites in the three major coronary arteries
Authors: Toyoaki Matsushita, Masahiro Kajiguchi, Masaki Ogata, Masahiro Muto, Takumi Yamada, Tomomitsu Tani, Syoji Yamakami, Kazuki Iwata, Yoshimasa Murakami, Mitsuhiro Okamoto, Junji Toyama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Adverse-Drug-Reaction Monitoring
Authors: Gerald A. Faich
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has long been conducting a program to monitor reported adverse drug reactions to approved drugs. The purpose of this paper is to review the rationale for monitoring adverse drug reactions, to describe the current program, and to encourage physician participation in the program. The program began in the late 1950s, after the registration by the American Medical Association of cases of aplastic anemia due to chloramphenicol.1 It expanded greatly when the 1962 revision of the Food and Drug Act required the pharmaceutical industry to report adverse drug reactions to the FDA. Since 1969, . . .
Colleges in "Good Standing."
Authors: W.H. Baugh
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Shoshone, Idaho, Oct. 12, 1894. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Will you be kind enough to write me what organization or body governs the medical colleges in "good standing" of the United States, and how the State is to know the legal difference between a diploma from a college in "good standing" from one "not recognized" or fraudulent? <h3>Answer.</h3> —Each State has its own laws on the subject. For a summary of them see thisJournal, March 10, 1894.
NHS can learn from "exemplary" service provided to UK soldiers on front line
Authors: O. Mashta
Journal: BMJ (2009)

NHS emergency services should learn from the care given to British troops wounded on the front line, which the health service watchdog has described as “exemplary.”

Ian Kennedy, chairman of the Healthcare Commission, said that urgent and emergency care services in the NHS could learn a lot from how the defence service plans and prepares to treat casualties quickly, the innovations it uses to treat major injuries, and how it trains its staff.

“A soldier wounded in battle can be airlifted from a conflict zone and undergo an operation in Britain within 24 hours, offering a better chance of survival than ever before,” …
Oxidative metabolism in fetal rat brain during maternal halothane anesthesia.
Authors: R C Vannucci, J W Wolf
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

The present study examines the effects of maternally administered halothane on fetal brain metabolism as determined by direct tissue analysis. Term pregnant rats were paralyzed, ventilated, and administered halothane in concentrations of 0.4, 1, or 2%. For comparison of fetal response to anesthetic agents, other maternal rats were administered pentobarbital (50 or 200 mg/kg). Dams receiving 0.4% halothane or 50 mg/kg pentobarbital remained normotensive, whereas 2% halothane or 200 mg/kg pentobarbital led to a 65% reduction in maternal blood pressure and a 3-fold increase in blood lactate. Fetal blood lactate tended to parallel the maternal lactacidemia. Fetuses of dams anesthetized with 0.4% halothane or 50 mg/kg pentobarbital exhibited concentrations of cerebral metabolities comparable to those of control animals. A 2% halothane level was associated with metabolic disturbances in fetal brain, indicative of cerebral hypoxia. Pentobarbital 200 mg/kg, although producing maternal hypotension and lactacidemia to a degree similar to 2% halothane, preserved a more optimal fetal cerebral energy state as reflected in a lower lactate/pyruvate ratio and normal ATP. The metabolic influence of pentobarbital may serve to protect the hypoxic fetus from neurological damage, an effect apparently not shared by maternally administered halothane.
Give me a sign, any sign
Authors: P. J Mazzone
Journal: Thorax (2009)

For clinical progress to occur in lung cancer, advances must be made in many inter-related areas. Advances in chemoprevention will be most useful if testing is able to identify those at greatest risk of developing lung cancer. Advances in surgical and ablative therapies will be most useful if testing is able to identify lung cancer at the earliest possible stage. Advances in systemic, targeted and individualised therapies will be most useful if testing is able to predict the nature of a patient’s lung cancer and the response to specific treatment choices.

A new test can improve on currently used tests by being more accurate, less invasive, less expensive and/or novel in its intent. To have a clinical impact, the result of the test must affect a decision to the benefit of the patient. The most recently developed tests that have had this sort of impact in lung cancer are positron emission tomographic imaging,1 advances in diagnostic bronchoscopy (electromagnetic navigation,2 endobronchial ultrasound3) and perhaps epidermal growth factor receptor analysis.4

Progress is occurring on many fronts …
Selective Insulin Action on Skin, Ovary, and Heart in Insulin-Resistant States
Authors: Mitchell E Geffner, David W Golde
Journal: Diabetes Care (1988)

States of hyperinsulinemia with resistance to insulin action on glucose disposal are frequently associated with proliferative tissue abnormalities of the skin (acanthosis nigricans), ovary, and heart. That insulin may be involved in the pathogenesis of these growth-related abnormalities despite resistance to its metabolic effects mediated through the insulin receptor issuggested by the known ability of high concentrations of insulin to stimulate DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in vitro through the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptor. IGF-I receptors are present in skin keratinocytes, some ovarian tissue compartments, and in the heart. Furthermore, ovarian tissue from hyperinsulinemic insulin-resistant women responds to supraphysiologic insulin concentrations in vitro by enhanced steroidogenesis. Cultured, transformed T-lymphocytes from an infant with leprechaunism fail to augment basalcolony formation in response to physiologic insulin concentrations in vitro (compared to a doubling seen in normal subjects), but respond normally to supraphysiologic insulin concentrations, the effect of which is competitively inhibited by a monoclonal antibody to the IGF-I receptor. Thus, insulin action mediated through the IGF-I receptor may initiate growth-promoting tissue effects in the face of limited insulin effect on glucose metabolism. Such spillover actions may add to the morbidity associated with states of clinical insulin resistance.
Clinical, Angiographic, and Interventional Follow-Up of Patients With Aortic-Saphenous Vein Graft Connectors
Authors: Jay H. Traverse, Michael R. Mooney, Wesley R. Pedersen, James D. Madison, Thomas F. Flavin, Vibhu R. Kshettry, Timothy D. Henry, Frazier Eales, Lyle D. Joyce, Robert W. Emery
Journal: Circulation (2003)

The use of aortic connectors for proximal saphenous vein bypass graft anastomoses eliminates the need for aortic clamping during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and may reduce the incidence of stroke in the elderly and in patients with severe aortic atherosclerosis.We studied 74 consecutive patients who received the Symmetry Bypass System aortic connector at the time of CABG. A total of 131 of 144 proximal vein graft anastomoses were performed with this device. The left internal mammary artery was used in 62 patients, and 61 patients had "off-pump" coronary revascularization. A total of 11 patients were readmitted with chest pain consistent with unstable angina 173+/-39 days after CABG. Five of the 11 patients had previous in-stent restenosis before CABG. At angiography, 20 saphenous vein bypass grafts containing 19 connectors were found to have severe stenosis (n=12) or occlusion (n=6) and were treated with angioplasty and stenting or medical therapy. Seven of 11 patients were readmitted 76+/-11 days later with recurrent chest pain and were found to have severe stenosis at the previously stented connector site. Six patients underwent angioplasty followed by brachytherapy. Three of these patients redeveloped chest pain and were readmitted 151+/-71 days later. Two patients were started on oral Rapamune, and one patient underwent redo-CABG.Eleven of 74 patients who received aortic connectors at the time of CABG developed symptomatically significant stenosis or occlusion at the connector site shortly after CABG, requiring multiple repeat interventions, including brachytherapy.
Physiologic Hyperbilirubinemia in the Neonatal Period
Authors: Gerard B. Odell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

THE degree and duration of hyperbilirubinemia during neonatal life result from many influences unique to the newborn period that serve either to increase the rate of formation of bilirubin or to retard its excretion. The present paper reviews recent concepts that elucidate several causes of hyperbilirubinemia that are unrelated to hemolytic disease.The overall hepatic excretion of bilirubin involves at least three separate processes1: Uptake. Bilirubin is transported in the serum attached to serum albumin and enters the sinusoidal circulation of the liver from either the hepatic artery or the portal vein, where it is taken up by . . .
P17.21 * TOXICITY AND OUTCOME IN PRIMARY ELDERLY GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENTS TREATED WITH CONCOMITANT CHEMO-RADIATION THERAPY PLUS ADJUVANT TEMOZOLOMIDE VERSUS SHORT-COURSE IRRADIATION: RESULTS OF A SINGLE-INSTITUTION RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: P. Ciammella, A. Podgornii, M. Galeandro, A. Pisanello, A. Botti, C. Iotti
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

PURPOSE: To compare clinical outcome and tolerance of two types of treatments in elderly patients affected by newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM): temozolomide (TMZ) concurrent to conventional fractionated radiotherapy followed by adjuvant TMZ versus hypofractionated radiotherapy (RT) followed by adjuvant TMZ. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients older than 65 years with GBM, who underwent surgical resection/biopsy and treated with short-course radiotherapy or concurrent chemo-radiation therapy, were evaluated. Total doses were 25 or 60 Gy: 25 Gy in 5 fractions (palliative approach) and 60 Gy in 30 fractions (standard approach). In the standard approach, TMZ was administered concomitantly and adjuvantly to RT. RESULTS: At the time of data analysis, 75 out 83 patients had died and the tumour progression was the primary cause of death in 71 patients. Median age was 70 years (range 65-82 yrs) with 39 females (46%) and 44 males (54%). Median KPS at time of treatment was 80. The surgery was gross total in 50 patients and subtotal in 8 patients; 25 patients underwent only biopsy. The O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation status was reported in 55 patients (36 methylated and 19 unmethylated). No patients demonstrated clinically significant acute morbidity, and all patients were able to complete the prescribed radiation dose without interruption. As expected, the most common grade 3-4 adverse events in the standard therapy group were neutropenia (n = 3) and thrombocytopenia (n = 8). The prognostic factors analyzed were gender, age, extent of surgery, performance status before and after radiotherapy, hemoglobin and haematocrit level, and methylation of the MGMT gene. With median follow-up of 14.9 months, the median OS and PFS were 16 and 8 versus 9 and 3 months, in Stupp arm and short course RT, respectively (p = 0.035 an p = 0.055). At Cox Proportional-Hazards Regression analysis, only the extent of surgery and high haemoglobin level correlated with OS and PFS; whereas age (<70 vs. ≥70 years), KPS, diameter of lesion, MGMT methylation status and haematocrit level did not influenced outcome. CONCLUSION: Our data suggested that standard approach was and acceptably tolerated and prolonged survival of glioblastoma patients aged > or = 65 years. The extent of surgery remains independent prognostic factor. In this research, it was found that a low hemoglobin level before radiotherapy can adversely influence the prognosis of elderly patients with glioblastoma.
Abstract 1681: Synergistic induction of Mek1/2 and Nox-1 by histone deacetylase inhibitors leads to differential induction of reactive oxygen species for mediating selective apoptosis of oncogenic H-Ras-expressing cells
Authors: Shambhunath Choudhary, Kusum Rathore, Shilpa Sood, Hwa-Chain Robert Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The goal of this study was to investigate roles of the ERK pathway and Nox-1 in the pro-apoptotic ability of oncogenic H-Ras to enhance histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI)-induced cell death. Oncogenic induction of the ras genes is widely involved in human cancers. Our previous studies revealed that expression of oncogenic H-Ras increases susceptibility of human and mouse cells to HDACIs, such as FK228 and trichostatin A, for inducing selective apoptosis. In this study, we used the mouse embryo fibroblast 10T1/2-TR-H-ras cell system, in which ectopic expression of oncogenic H-Ras(V12) is controlled by addition of tetracycline into cultures, and paired oncogenic H-Ras-expressing and parental human epithelial cells. We pursued the roles of Mek1/2 activation, Nox-1 elevation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in FK228-induced selective cell death of oncogenic H-Ras-expressing cells versus counterpart cells. We verified that Nox-1 elevation and ROS played essential roles in oncogenic H-Ras-induced cell proliferation and morphological transformation. We also detected that FK228 treatment and expression of oncogenic H-Ras synergistically induced Mek1/2 activation, leading to differentially elevated Nox-1 and ROS and contributing to induction of selective apoptosis of oncogenic H-Ras-expressing cells versus counterpart cells. FK228 treatment also resulted in mitochondrial ROS production, and mitochondrial ROS contributed to Mek1/2 activation, bypassing Raf, to induce Erk1/2 activation for elevating Nox-1 and ROS, leading to apoptosis. Accordingly, Mek1/2 and Nox-1 played important pro-apoptotic roles in ROS-mediated cell death. Thus, Mek1/2 and Nox-1 should be considered as potential targets in designing therapeutic protocols using FK228 in ROS-mediated cell killing to treat cancer cells acquiring Ras activation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1681. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1681
Turner's Syndrome and Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism
Authors: S. S. Stoffer
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We recently saw a 25-year-old woman who had previous surgery for benign nodular goiter. The patient had a normal menstrual history. She was 132.5 cm tall and weighed 34.2 kg. Her face was rounded, and she had short fourth metacarpals and metatarsals and a high, arched palate. The patient also had chronic otitis media. Her breasts were thin but definitely showed evidence of estrogen effect. There was no galactorrhea. Although there was no history of other members of the family with similar appearances, the patient indicated that another endocrinologist made the diagnosis of pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism one year earlier. We requested the records from the hospital in which the patient was previously studied. This diagnosis was apparently based on the fact that she was menstruating regularly, had a normal serum calcium level, and yet had some of thephysical characteristics of a patient with either Turner's syndrome or pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism.
TREATMENT OF GONORRHEAL URETHRITIS.
Authors: VICTOR F. MUELLER
Journal: JAMA (1899)

The controversy among medical men regarding the treatment of gonorrheal urethritis has long been on, and will continue until some genius comes forth with a true specific for this affection. This difference of opinion, with the many different methods of treatment employed and recommended, has not failed to make an impression upon the thinking public which does not tend to strengthen their confidence in our medical ability. I regret having no specific treatment (in its true sense) to offer, but firmly believe that the great majority of cases of gonorrheal urethritis would be speedily cured if the principles and methods of treatment herein given were carefully followed in all cases. The use of astringent or antiseptic solutions by means of the urethral syringe as a routine treatment is to be condemned, as it is not based upon rational or scientific principles. The therapeusis of every case must depend upon an
PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS OF AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE WITH A DNA PROBE
Authors: S.T. Reeders, A. Gal, P. Propping, R. Waldherr, K.E. Davies, K. Zerres, T. Hogenkamp, W. Schmidt, M.M. Dolata, D.J. Weatherall
Journal: The Lancet (1986)
Functional and genomic profiling of effector CD8 T cell subsets with distinct memory fates
Authors: Surojit Sarkar, Vandana Kalia, W. Nicholas Haining, Bogumila T. Konieczny, Shruti Subramaniam, Rafi Ahmed
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

An important question in memory development is understanding the differences between effector CD8 T cells that die versus effector cells that survive and give rise to memory cells. In this study, we provide a comprehensive phenotypic, functional, and genomic profiling of terminal effectors and memory precursors. Using killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 as a marker to distinguish these effector subsets, we found that despite their diverse cell fates, both subsets possessed remarkably similar gene expression profiles and functioned as equally potent killer cells. However, only the memory precursors were capable of making interleukin (IL) 2, thus defining a novel effector cell that was cytotoxic, expressed granzyme B, and produced inflammatory cytokines in addition to IL-2. This effector population then differentiated into long-lived protective memory T cells capable of self-renewal and rapid recall responses. Experiments to understand the signals that regulate the generation of terminal effectors versus memory precursors showed that cells that continued to receive antigenic stimulation during the later stages of infection were more likely to become terminal effectors. Importantly, curtailing antigenic stimulation toward the tail end of the acute infection enhanced the generation of memory cells. These studies support the decreasing potential model of memory differentiation and show that the duration of antigenic stimulation is a critical regulator of memory formation.