tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Folate and Mecobalamin on Hip Fractures in Patients With Stroke
Authors: Yoshihiro Sato, Yoshiaki Honda, Jun Iwamoto, Tomohiro Kanoko, Kei Satoh
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Context Stroke increases the risk of subsequent hip fracture by 2 to 4 times.Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for both ischemic stroke and osteoporotic fractures in elderly men and women.Treatment with folate and mecobalamin (vitamin B 12 ) may improve hyperhomocysteinemia.Objective To investigate whether treatment with folate and vitamin B 12 reduces the incidence of hip fractures in patients with hemiplegia following stroke.Design, Setting, and Patients A double-blind, randomized controlled study of 628 consecutive patients aged 65 years or older with residual hemiplegia at least 1 year following first ischemic stroke, who were recruited from a single Japanese hospital from April 1, 2000, to May 31, 2001.Patients were assigned to daily oral treatment with 5 mg of folate and 1500 µg of mecobalamin, or double placebo; 559 completed the 2-year follow-up.Main Outcome Measure Incidence of hip fractures in the 2 patient groups during the 2-year follow-up. ResultsAt baseline, patients in both groups had high levels of plasma homocysteine and low levels of serum cobalamin and serum folate.After 2 years, plasma homocysteine levels decreased by 38% in the treatment group and increased by 31% in the placebo group (PϽ.001).The number of hip fractures per 1000 patient-years was 10 and 43 for the treatment and placebo groups, respectively (PϽ.001).The adjusted relative risk, absolute risk reduction, and the number needed to treat for hip fractures in the treatment vs placebo groups were 0.20 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08-0.50),7.1% (95% CI, 3.6%-10.8%),and 14 (95% CI, 9-28), respectively.No significant adverse effects were reported. ConclusionIn this Japanese population with a high baseline fracture risk, combined treatment with folate and vitamin B 12 is safe and effective in reducing the risk of a hip fracture in elderly patients following stroke.
Run wild, run free
Authors: Liam Farrell
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Joe always has one symptom that requires examination and, as every doctor knows, the more clothes to be removed the less likely any important clinical finding. When he hangs his coat on the hook it’s a territorial marker, the visual parallel to a hyena widdling on a tree. “I’m here,” it says, “And I’m here for a while, till I’m ready to go, and nobody is gonna shift me.”

His style looked preppie, with just a hint of old Etonian. …
Assessing the phenotypic effects in the general population of rare variants in genes for a dominant Mendelian form of diabetes
Authors: Jason Flannick, Nicola L Beer, Alexander G Bick, Vineeta Agarwala, Janne Molnes, Namrata Gupta, Noël P Burtt, Jose C Florez, James B Meigs, Herman Taylor, Valeriya Lyssenko, Henrik Irgens, Ervin Fox, Frank Burslem, Stefan Johansson, M Julia Brosnan, Jeff K Trimmer, Christopher Newton-Cheh, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Anders Molven, James G Wilson, Christopher J O'Donnell, Sekar Kathiresan, Joel N Hirschhorn, Pål R Njølstad, Tim Rolph, J G Seidman, Stacey Gabriel, David R Cox, Christine E Seidman, Leif Groop, David Altshuler
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
The Anticipatory Corpse: Medicine, Power, and the Care of the Dying
Authors: Andrew R. Barnosky
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDY OF DYSTROPHIN IN DUCHENNE FETUS
Authors: IekeB. Ginjaar, Egbert Bakker, JohanT.Den Dunnen, MarleenM.B. Van Paassen, Gert-JanB. Van Ommen, Elizabeth Zubrzycka-Gaarn, MaartenD. Kloosterman, Andy Wessels, AntoonF.M. Moorman
Journal: The Lancet (1989)
Can Thallium-Pertechnetate Subtraction Scanning Play a Role in the Preoperative Imaging for Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy?
Authors: Rebecca S. Sippel, Jesus Bianco, Michael Wilson, Scott Perlman, Ömer Özgül, Eberhard Mack, James Starling, Herbert Chen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Preoperative Tc-99m sestamibi scanning can identify candidates for minimally invasive parathyroid surgery. However, a significant number of patients with single gland disease have negative scans and are not considered for the minimally invasive procedure.To determine if T1-201/Tc-99m sodium pertechnetate subtraction scanning (TPSS) is a viable alternative imaging technique for patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (1 degrees HPTH), we reviewed our experience. The outcomes of 100 consecutive patients with 1 degrees HPTH who underwent preoperative TPSS and parathyroid exploration between 1995 and 2000 at our institution were retrospectively reviewed.The mean preoperative calcium and parathyroid hormone levels were 10.8 mg/dL and 220 pg/mL, respectively. The overall cure rate was 96%. Single gland disease was present in 88%. Of the 100 patients studied, 15 underwent both a Tc-99m sestamibi scan and TPSS, whereas the other 85 had only the TPSS.The sensitivity and positive predictive value of the TPSS were 73.3% and 90.4%, respectively. In the patients undergoing both TPSS and Tc-99m sestamibi scans, the results concurred in 60%. However, in 20% of the remaining patients, TPSS correctly localized the abnormal parathyroid(s) when Tc-99m sestamibi failed. TPSS has a comparable sensitivity and positive predictive value to Tc-99m sestamibi scanning. In patients with a negative Tc-99m sestamibi scan, TPSS can provide additional localizing information. As a result of the high positive predictive value of TPSS, a single parathyroid gland localized by TPSS alone can then be approached by minimally invasive parathyroidectomy.
Abstract 3698: Development of a hydrophobic docetaxel prodrug nanoparticle with enhanced plasma circulation lifetime and improved efficacy
Authors: Sharon A. Johnstone, Steven M. Ansell, Troy O. Harasym, Sherwin Xie, Lawrence D. Mayer, Paul Tardi
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Amphiphilic block co-polymers can form highly stable micellar-nanoparticles which can be used to trap hydrophobic chemotherapeutic agents. While block co-polymer formulations effectively retain drugs in vitro, nanoparticles frequently display burst release of trapped agents upon injection into animals. As a result, nanoparticles often show only limited improvements in drug circulation lifetime and likely provide little improvement in drug delivery to the tumor site. To address this issue, we previously generated hydrophobic prodrugs of paclitaxel to enhance retention within the nanoparticle and observed a correlation between drug circulation lifetime and the hydrophobicity of the anchor. When these formulations were evaluated for anti-tumor efficacy, the longest circulating paclitaxel prodrugs were the most efficacious. We have now extended our assessment to hydrophobic docetaxel prodrug formulations and have related plasma circulation characteristics of the docetaxel prodrug nanoparticles to suppression of tumor growth in mice bearing HT-29 human colorectal tumor xenographs. Docetaxel-docosanyl diglycolate (procet 7), and docetaxel-cholesteryl diglycolate (procet 8) were formulated in PS-PEG nanoparticles at a drug:polymer weight ratio of1:2 and injected i.v. into mice. The plasma half-life of the docetaxel prodrug was enhanced relative to the corresponding paclitaxel prodrug and significantly greater than docetaxel formulated in polysorbate 80. When dosed at their respective maximum tolerated dose (MTD), docetaxel, procet 7 and procet 8 nanoparticles resulted in a tumor growth delay (TGD) of 66%, 213% and 241% respectively. In addition docetaxel prodrugs administered at equimolar doses to docetaxel displayed greater antitumor activity than the free drug (77% and 105% TGD for procet 7 and procet 8 nanoparticles respectively). We attribute the increased potency of docetaxel prodrugs over paclitaxel prodrugs to the extended plasma circulation lifetimes of the former. These results confirm that hydrophobic docetaxel prodrugs can be formulated into block co-polymer nanoparticles to achieve prolonged circulation kinetics which result in enhanced therapeutic activity. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3698.
The impact of changes in clinical severity on psychiatric morbidity in patients with psoriasis: a follow-up study
Authors: F. Sampogna, S. Tabolli, D. Abeni
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Psoriasis has a strong impact on quality of life and is correlated to psychopathological states. It is important to investigate the effect of clinical changes on psychological status.To analyse the extent of clinical change and its effect on the presence of psychiatric morbidity in a group of patients with psoriasis.All eligible adults hospitalized with psoriasis in a dermatological hospital (February 2000-February 2002) were given the self-administered Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (SAPASI) to assess clinical severity, the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) to detect patients with psychological problems (defined as 'cases') and the Skindex-29 to evaluate symptoms. The same questionnaires were completed by the patients a month after hospital discharge.In our population of 414 patients, the incidence of GHQ cases becoming noncases was correlated with the SAPASI percentage improvement, ranging from 17.6% in patients with SAPASI worsened or unchanged at follow-up, to 68.2% in patients with clearance of psoriasis. Also, the proportion of patients who became GHQ noncases was much higher in patients with improvement of >/= 50% in symptoms, compared with patients with no improvement or worsening (70% vs. 32%, respectively). In a multivariate model the possible determinants of the passage from GHQ case to noncase were: SAPASI improvement, symptom improvement, no localization on the face, and gender (i.e. women were less likely to improve psychologically).The improvement in clinical severity and symptoms was associated with a decreased frequency of psychiatric disturbance. However, dermatologists should be aware that even in the presence of vast clinical improvement patients may still substantially suffer psychologically.
QTc Interval as a Guide to Select Those Patients With Congestive Heart Failure and Reduced Left Ventricular Systolic Function Who Will Benefit From Antiarrhythmic Treatment With Dofetilide
Authors: Bente Brendorp, Hanne Elming, Li Jun, Lars Køber, Marek Malik, Gorm Boje Jensen, Christian Torp-Pedersen
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —A prolonged QTc interval is considered a contraindication for class III antiarrhythmic drugs, but the influence of a normal or a slightly increased baseline QTc interval on the risk or benefit of treatment with a class III antiarrhythmic drug is not sufficiently clarified. Methods and Results —This prospectively defined substudy included 703 patients enrolled in the Danish Investigations of Arrhythmia and Mortality on Dofetilide-Congestive Heart Failure (DIAMOND-CHF) study. Patients included had moderate to severe CHF and reduced left ventricular systolic function. Baseline QTc interval was measured before randomization to either dofetilide, a new class III antiarrhythmic drug, or placebo. During a median follow-up of 18 months (minimum 1 year), 285 patients (41%) died. Baseline QTc interval had no prognostic value on survival in placebo-treated patients. In dofetilide-treated patients, a baseline QTc interval &lt;429 ms was associated with a significant risk reduction (risk ratio 0.4, 95% CI 0.3 to 0.8). With increasing QTc interval, the risk increased gradually, and for QTc interval &gt;479 ms, risk ratio was 1.3 (0.8 to 1.9). Conclusions —A baseline QTc interval within normal limits is associated with a marked reduction of mortality in patients with CHF and left ventricular systolic dysfunction treated with dofetilide. This is a potentially important indication of which patients with CHF might benefit from prophylactic treatment with an antiarrhythmic drug.
A gene expression signature for high-risk multiple myeloma
Authors: R Kuiper, A Broyl, Y de Knegt, M H van Vliet, E H van Beers, B van der Holt, L el Jarari, G Mulligan, W Gregory, G Morgan, H Goldschmidt, H M Lokhorst, M van Duin, P Sonneveld
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
On the Enucleation of Enlarged Tonsils, and on Haemorrhage Following Tonsillotomy
Authors: B. Pollard
Journal: BMJ (1892)

in a small proportion.Guyon, who holds that it is due to atheroma, relies upon the change the wall of the bladder undergoes.In many of the cases in which it appears to be hypertrophied it is really merely thickened and indurated, but this is due to cystitis, and not to arterial degeneration, or it would not be confined to the bladder.But the best proof is that many of the cases recover when the obstruction is re-
Adverse Reactions to Practolol: Some Observations on the Possible Relevance to Immune Mechanisms
Authors: Heather M. Dick, P. Wright, Cindy M. Chapman, F. J. Zacharias, J. T. Nicholls
Journal: Allergy (1978)

HLA antigen frequencies were determined in patients who had suffered adverse reaction to the beta-adrenergic blocking agent, practolol. No statistically significant differences were observed between these patients and control groups. The latter were selected to include two separate groups, normal random healthy population controls, and controls who had taken practolol with no apparent adverse effects. Patients suffering from the very severe form of reaction, sclerosing peritonitis, were analysed separately from those with other lesion e.g. ocular symptoms, but did not show any significant differences. Altered HLA antigen frequencies were observed for those control patients whose primary diagnosis was hypertension but this was considered to be due to selection bias.
The treatment of enteric fever
Authors: B. Basnyat
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2007)

The solution to chaos is not chaosIt is difficult to find anyone who has much good to say about Modernising Medical Careers and the Medical Training Application Service process.The process promised: 'Recruitment and selection will be fair, open and legally robust.Selection methods will be specialty specific, but the minimum requirement will be a formal interview.The methodology is being designed by leading educationalists and recruitment specialists.' 1 Earlier documents had also stated: 'Reform is also about securing our workforce for the future as our medical school output rises and is about giving doctors in training a chance of a fulfilling career to their own and to patients' benefit.' 2 And that: 'It is not acceptable that they should at this stage fall out of the training system.' 2 So why has it gone wrong and why have so many junior doctors have lost confidence in the system?The system was introduced hurriedly; juniors saw the rules changing by the week and saw their options become ever more limited as they waded through the online instructions.Perhaps the Department of Health's touching faith in computerized systems added to the problems that were, by and large, predictable.With over 30 000 applicants, the system was flooded.Predictably, it crashed or froze while so many struggled to get their applications in.Most of the applications were not completed in working hours-the junior doctors were far too busy looking after patients-so peak usage occurred on Sunday evenings.Then the online short listing systems failed, so forms were printed off and scored.This removed the quality assurance step of one assessor scoring the same question on every form, and the requisite secondary scoring of about 10% of forms to detect hawks and doves in the scorers did not happen across the board.Some forms reportedly were missed altogether, and for others the paper score was not transferred to the website.Initial undertakings that every form would be scored twice did not materialize.But how secure is online scoring anyway?Could anyone with a password get online and alter a score?At least there are no reports of hackers getting to the website applications.Of course, even perfect short listing
Postural Hypotension and Steroids
Authors: Mason G. Robertson
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Earlier literature concerning the use of the adrenal cortical hormones emphasized the occasional development of adrenal crisis, secondary to the prolonged suppression of the pituitary adrenal axis many months after cessation of these steroids. The problem was resurrected in a case in connection with cyclic use of large doses of prednisone as an adjunct to chemotherapy. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> In a 64-year-old black American, lymphadenopathy developed in the left inguinal region in May 1970. Initial biopsies showed only reactive hyperplasia. The lymphadenopathy appeared subsequently in the axilla and supraclavicular areas, and biopsies in October showed lymphosarcoma. The blood pressure at that time was 110/70 mm Hg, but the patient was not specifically checked for postural hypotension. A general medical evaluation was otherwise unremarkable. The hemoglobin level ranged from 9.5 to 10.8 gm/100 ml. The white blood cell count was 3,200/cu mm, with a normal differential cell
Pulmonary Blood Volume in Experimental Unilateral Pulmonary-Artery Occlusion
Authors: PEDRO ARAMENDÍA, JOSÉ D. FERMOSO, ALBERTO C. TAQUINI
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

In a series of 11 dogs in which the left pulmonary artery was ligated, the blood from the occluded lung was absorbed by the remainder of the vascular bed and, consequently, there was no significant alteration in the pulmonary blood volume. This adaptation took place, apparently, with only slight modifications in the circulation time and the pressure of the system. Examination of the variables investigated suggests, to a certain extent, that the increased flow brings about the opening-up of new vascular channels.
The scorpion story.
Authors: J M Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1987)

illnesses and Geoff could remember nothing of the first 36 hours after his collapse.As he was convalescing in Lima and we were awaiting a flight home-I had tried to establish with him the idea that he had been seriously ill.Although I had not used words like "pulseless," "unresponsive," or "dead," I had made it clear that high altitude climbing in the future was not advisable.This problem had in fact already been solved by his wife, who had already sold all his climbing kit by the time we arrived back in England one week after the incident.But as we were shaking hands at the airport "our man in Lima," whose help can be described only as inspired, was heard to say to our patient, "Well done, Geoff.For a long time I was certain we'd be sending you home in a box."
Pharmaceutical Company Payments to Physicians
Authors: Joseph S. Ross, Josh E. Lackner, Peter Lurie, Cary P. Gross, Sidney Wolfe, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Recent legislation in 5 states and the District of Columbia mandated state disclosure of payments made to physicians by pharmaceutical companies. In 2 of these states, Vermont and Minnesota, payment disclosures are publicly available.To determine the accessibility and quality of the data available in Vermont and Minnesota and to describe the prevalence and magnitude of disclosed payments.Cross-sectional analysis of publicly available data from July 1, 2002, through June 30, 2004, in Vermont and from January 1, 2002, through December 31, 2004, in Minnesota.Accessibility and quality of disclosure data and the number, value, and type of payments of $100 or more to physicians.Access to payment data required extensive negotiation with the Office of the Vermont Attorney General and manual photocopying of individual disclosure forms at Minnesota's State Board of Pharmacy. In Vermont, 61% of payments were not released to the public because pharmaceutical companies designated them as trade secrets and 75% of publicly disclosed payments were missing information necessary to identify the recipient. In Minnesota, 25% of companies reported in each of the 3 years. In Vermont, among 12,227 payments totaling $2.18 million publicly disclosed, there were 2416 payments of $100 or more to physicians; total, $1.01 million; median payment, $177 (range, $100-$20,000). In Minnesota, among 6946 payments totaling $30.96 million publicly disclosed, there were 6238 payments of $100 or more to physicians; total, $22.39 million; median payment, $1000 (range, $100-$922,239). Physician-specific analyses were possible only in Minnesota, identifying 2388 distinct physicians who received payment of $100 or more; median number of payments received, 1 (range, 1-88) and the median amount received, $1000 (range, $100-$1,178,203).The Vermont and Minnesota laws requiring disclosure of payments do not provide easy access to payment information for the public and are of limited quality once accessed. However, substantial numbers of payments of $100 or more were made to physicians by pharmaceutical companies.
Cyclists need helmets
Authors: J. P Bull
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Cyclists need helmetsCycling has many attractions.It provides independence, needs no licence, has an extremely high mechanical efficiency, produces no pollution, and seldom causes injury to others.Injuries to riders are, however, all too common-about 300 deaths and over 5000 serious injuries in Britain annually.Pedal cycling is second only to motorcycling as the most dangerous form of travel per mile.
INFLUENCE OF NEOMYCIN AND INGESTED ENDOTOXIN IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF CHOLINE DEFICIENCY CIRRHOSIS IN THE ADULT RAT
Authors: Selwyn A. Broitman, Leonard S. Gottlieb, Norman Zamcheck
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

Two groups of adult rats fed a choline-deficient diet supplemented with neomycin in their drinking water for 250 or 350 days were protected against the development of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. At the termination of the study these animals weighed more than others not receiving neomycin. This difference in weight did not appear to be caused by a growth-promoting effect of neomycin but rather reflected the increased severity of liver disease and a resultant weight loss in animals not receiving neomycin. Protection by neomycin was cancelled when Salmonella typhosa endotoxin was added to the drinking water. It was concluded that the protective effect of neomycin was mediated by an alteration in the intestinal microflora resulting in a reduction in the numbers of organisms contributing to intraluminal endotoxin. In the presence of choline deficiency, absorption of intraluminal endotoxin may contribute to the development of fibrosis and cirrhosis.