tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical features of hematopoietic malignancies and related disorders among benzene-exposed workers in China. Benzene Study Group.
Authors: M S Linet, S N Yin, L B Travis, C Y Li, Z N Zhang, D G Li, N Rothman, G L Li, W H Chow, J Donaldson, M Dosemeci, S Wacholder, W J Blot, R B Hayes
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Previous occupational cohort studies of benzene-exposed workers have for the most part used only death certificates to validate diagnoses of workers developing leukemia and other hematopoietic and lymphoproliferative malignancies and related disorders (HLD). In a follow-up study of 74,828 benzene-exposed workers and a comparison group of 35,805 nonexposed workers from 12 cities in China, we sought to characterized clinicopathologically and to confirm diagnoses of all cases of HLD. Using medical records, laboratory hematology results, and histopathology, U.S. and Chinese expert hematopathologists, blinded to exposure status, carried out a detailed review using standardized evaluation forms. Key among the findings were a notable diversity of malignant and nonneoplastic hematopoietic and lymphoproliferative disorders, documentation of excess myelodysplastic syndromes among benzene workers, and widespread dyspoiesis involving all hematopoietic cell lines. As sophisticated clinicopathologic characterization and corresponding classification schemes for HLD become increasingly widespread, it is recommended that future epidemiologic investigations of benzene workers incorporate similarly detailed morphologic evaluation. In extending follow-up of this cohort of young workers, we will continue to use all available clinical, laboratory hematology, and pathology data as well as cytogenetic and biochemical markers to characterized various HLD outcomes. These careful surveillance mechanisms should also provide additional insight into carcinogenic mechanisms of benzene and allow comparison of the molecular pathogenesis of HLD induced by benzene versus chemotherapy, radiation, or other exposure.
DEPLETION OF RESERVE PROTEIN FROM EXTRAVASCULAR EXTRACELLULAR FLUID
Authors: C. L. Yuile, F. V. Lucas, R. D. Neubecker, C. G. Cochrane, G. H. Whipple
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1959)

During protein depletion produced by plasmapheresis and a very low protein diet there is a proportionately greater decrease in extravascular, extracellular fluid protein than in plasma protein. A shift in the normal ratio of protein in these 2 compartments, approximately 1 to 1 in the dog, to over 2 to 1 as a result of depletion indicates an important, labile source of reserve protein for the plasma in the interstitial fluids. This reserve source is limited since a maximum drop of 50 per cent in the total exchangeable pool and of 75 per cent in the extravascular, extracellular protein occurred after both shorter and longer periods of depletion. Under the rigid conditions of these experiments additional plasma protein removal was associated with loss of weight despite adequate caloric intake. Investigation of the status of the interstitial fluid proteins in other conditions associated with disturbed protein metabolism seems warranted.
Tumor or Varices
Authors: Walther T. Weylman
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Dr. William T. McCoy: A 31-year-old man was well until July of 1960, when he noted the onset of epigastric pain and nausea. On one occasion he vomited about a cupful of bright red blood. He was seen by his local physician and an upper gastrointestinal series was performed, and a duodenal ulcer diagnosed. He was treated for this, and remained much improved until some time later when amoebic enteritis was diagnosed and subsequently treated. In October the man again vomited blood, and an upper gastrointestinal series was performed in Canada. As a result of that examination, he was referred to this hospital. Physical examination in this hospital showed a well-nourished male in no particular distress, with no abnormal physical findings. An upper gastrointestinal series (Fig. 1 and 2) was performed on the day of admission here and was interpreted as follows: There are huge varices in the lower 3
The CYP26 inhibitor R115866 potentiates the effects of all-<i>trans</i>retinoic acid on cultured human epidermal keratinocytes
Authors: S. Giltaire, F. Herphelin, A. Frankart, M. Hérin, P. Stoppie, Y. Poumay
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

All-trans retinoic acid (RA) is known to regulate keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, and retinoids are used as therapeutic agents in certain dermatological disorders, such as psoriasis and acne. Epidermal expression of the heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is induced by RA treatment and HB-EGF is responsible for RA-mediated epidermal hyperplasia in vivo. RA also induces HB-EGF expression in cultured keratinocytes and alters their differentiating phenotype. R115866 is a specific inhibitor of the cytochrome P450 isoform CYP26, which is involved in the metabolic inactivation pathway of RA. Thereby, R115866 is thought to be able to increase the intracellular levels of endogenous RA.To determine whether or not R115866 potentiates the effect of low concentrations of RA on keratinocytes.We analysed HB-EGF, involucrin and keratin 10 mRNA and protein levels in autocrine human keratinocyte cultures incubated for 18 h with RA or R115866 alone and with RA and R115866 combinations.RA induced HB-EGF and involucrin expression in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas it inhibited keratin 10 expression. R115866 alone had no effect on the expression of these genes. However, when R115866 was combined with low concentrations of RA, HB-EGF and involucrin expression was induced.These results strongly suggest that R115866 potentiates the effects of RA on epidermal keratinocytes when RA is present at low concentrations.
Effect on the Duration of Mechanical Ventilation of Identifying Patients Capable of Breathing Spontaneously
Authors: E. Wesley Ely, Albert M. Baker, Donnie P. Dunagan, Henry L. Burke, Allen C. Smith, Patrick T. Kelly, Margaret M. Johnson, Rick W. Browder, David L. Bowton, Edward F. Haponik
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Prompt recognition of the reversal of respiratory failure may permit earlier discontinuation of mechanical ventilation, without harm to the patient.
To-and-Fro Venous Murmur
Authors: CHARLES K. TASHIMA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Letters1 November 1974To-and-Fro Venous MurmurCHARLES K. TASHIMA, M.D.CHARLES K. TASHIMA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-81-5-702_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: A to-and-fro murmur in the groin is usually referred to as Duroziez's sign, which was reported as "The Double Intermittent Murmur over the Femoral Arteries as a Sign of Aortic Insufficiency" (1). Blumgart and Ernstene (2) studied this phenomenon more closely and described methods of differentiating the diastolic femoral bruit heard in conditions of increased blood flow, such as in anemia, thyrotoxicosis, and peripheral vasodilatation from that of aortic regurgitation. They noted that the diastolic component is increased with distal compression in aortic insufficiency since it is due to backward flow of blood. But in increased blood...References1. DUROZIEZ P: Du souffle intermittent crural, comme signe de l'insuffisance aortique. Arch gen de med 17:417-443, 588-605, 1861 Google Scholar2. BLUMGARTERNSTENE HA: TWO mechanisms in the production of Duroziez's sign. JAMA 100:173-177, 1933 CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. FALICOVBARROCAS RM: Unilateral pulsating varicose veins in tricuspid regurgitation resembling arteriovenous fistula. Vasc Dis 4:95-98, 1967 MedlineGoogle Scholar4. TASHIMA C: Femoral venous hum. NY State J Med 65:2797-2799, 1965 MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Saint Francis Hospital University of Hawaii School of Medicine 2260 Liliha Street Honolulu Hawaii PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCurrent Management of Salicylate-Induced Pulmonary EdemaThe Neuromuscular Manifestations of Primary Hyperparathyroidism in HumansSalicylate Toxicity Following Therapeutic Doses in Young Children 1 November 1974Volume 81, Issue 5Page: 702-702KeywordsAnemiaBloodBlood flowFemoral arteriesVasodilation Issue Published: 1 November 1974 PDF downloadLoading ...
Prenatal Methylmercury Exposure and Developmental Outcomes: Review of the Evidence and Discussion of Future Directions
Authors: Anne Spurgeon
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

I conducted a review of the published literature to assess the strength of the evidence for an association between prenatal exposure to methylmercury (MeHg) and subsequent child development. I identified 12 studies on this subject published since 1980. Of these, 3 were longitudinal studies--2 conducted in the Seychelle Islands, and 1 in the Faroe Islands. Nine were cross-sectional studies conducted in different countries where seafood, a source of MeHg, constituted a major part of the diet. The ages of the children studied ranged from 2 weeks to 12 years. The results of the longitudinal studies were contradictory. Researchers in the Faroe Islands identified an association between MeHg exposure and developmental effects, whereas those in the Seychelle Islands identified no such association. This inconsistency was mirrored in the results of the cross-sectional studies where there were some positive and some negative findings. It was concluded that it was not possible from currently available data to determine whether there is an association between prenatal MeHg exposure and adverse developmental effects in children. In advance of future research, consideration should be given to resolving the uncertainties surrounding exposure assessment and outcome measurement, as both elements varied between studies. It was suggested that questions of exposure assessment would benefit from the application of an expert review process. Outcome assessment would benefit from the development of theoretically based measures of specific aspects of cognitive functioning to replace the relatively crude measures of attainment and IQ currently employed in most studies. This would assist in the development of classic longitudinal studies by allowing repeated assessment over the full age range and providing data that are more readily interpretable and comparable between studies.
Residential Traffic Exposure, Pulse Pressure, and C-reactive Protein: Consistency and Contrast among Exposure Characterization Methods
Authors: Christine L. Rioux, Katherine L. Tucker, Mkaya Mwamburi, David M. Gute, Steven A. Cohen, Doug Brugge
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Traffic exposure may increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk via systemic inflammation and elevated blood pressure, two important clinical markers for managing disease progression.We assessed degree and consistency of association between traffic exposure indicators as predictors of C-reactive protein (CRP) and pulse pressure (PP) in an adult U.S. Puerto Rican population (n = 1,017).Cross-sectional information on health and demographics and blood data was collected. Using multiple linear regression, we tested for associations between CRP, PP, and six traffic exposure indicators including residential proximity to roads with > 20,000 vehicles/day and traffic density [vehicle miles traveled per square mile (VMT/mi2)]. Diabetes and obesity [body mass index (BMI) >or= 30 kg/m2] were tested as effect modifiers.CRP was positively associated with traffic density in the total population [36% CRP difference with 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.5-81%] for residence within the highest versus lowest VMT/mi2 level. With BMI >or= 30, CRP showed significant positive associations with five of six traffic indices including residence <or= 200 m versus > 200 m of a roadway [22.7% CRP difference (95% CI, 3.15-46.1)] and traffic density in the third highest versus lowest VMT/mi2 level [28.1% difference (95% CI, 1.0-62.6)]. PP was positively associated with residence within <or= 100 m of a roadway for the total population [2.2 mmHg (95% CI, 0.13-4.3 mmHg)] and persons with BMI >or= 30 [3.8 mmHg (95% CI, 0.88-6.8)]. Effect estimates approximately doubled for residence within <or= 200 m of two or more roadways, particularly in persons with diabetes [8.1 mmHg (95% CI, 2.2-14.1)].Traffic exposure at roadway volumes as low as 20,000-40,000 vehicles/day may increase CVD risk through adverse effects on blood pressure and inflammation. Individuals with elevated inflammation profiles, that is, BMI >or= 30, may be more susceptible to the effects of traffic exposure.
Rifabutin Prophylaxis and Uveitis
Authors: Jon D. Fuller, Lorraine E.D. Stanfield, Donald E. Craven
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

To the Editor: Nightingale et al. (Sept. 16 issue)1 reported no cases of uveitis among 292 patients taking 300 mg of rifabutin per day as prophylaxis against Mycobacterium avium complex infection, ...
WHO evaluates NICE
Authors: N. Devlin
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The report card is good, but incomplete 

The National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) has emerged in the brief period of its existence as an important influence on decision making and allocation of resources by the NHS. The recent release of a report by the World Health Organization on NICE's technology appraisal programme provides an international perspective on NICE's processes and impact.1

By design, the report has important limitations. NICE commissioned it in response to concerns raised by the 2002 Select Committee Inquiry2 regarding the scientific validity of its processes. NICE restricted WHO to consideration of the “methods and scientific robustness” of technology appraisal and resulting guidance. Other important roles NICE has, such as providing clinical guidelines and recommendations on audit methods, are not assessed. Wider questions about NICE's role as a de facto priority setting body for the NHS are acknowledged but not addressed. These include non-trivial issues–what impact does guidance from NICE have in practice on allocation of resources and health outcomes at the local level? Is it resolving postcode rationing or simply diverting attention from continuing important disparities in the availability of effective interventions that have yet to receive the imprimatur of NICE? Since decisions by NICE are made without consideration of …
Don't drink the water . . .
Authors: A. S Furber
Journal: BMJ (2003)

It was about 4 am when the phone rang. I answered it with the usual worries about why someone should be calling me at this time. To my relief it was not a relative informing me of a family illness, but a friend letting me know of a possible threat to my own health. “We've been told that the hospital has been admitting lots of people with vomiting and the rumour is that terrorists have put arsenic in the water supply.”

It was raining outside so I put a bucket out to collect some of the run off from the roof, and went back to bed.

I was nonchalant not because I mistrusted the story—although I did have doubts about its credibility—but because of the effect of living in Kathmandu under the daily threat of terrorist activity. The Maoist Insurgency in Nepal had started in the mid-1990s and had gradually grown in intensity and extent. A deliberate release into a major water supply would have been a change in …
Inhibition of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A Signaling Induces Hypertension: Examining the Effect of Cediranib (Recentin; AZD2171) Treatment on Blood Pressure in Rat and the Use of Concomitant Antihypertensive Therapy
Authors: Jon O. Curwen, Helen L. Musgrove, Jane Kendrew, Graham H.P. Richmond, Donald J. Ogilvie, Stephen R. Wedge
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF) signaling is a key therapeutic approach in oncology given the role of VEGF in angiogenesis and vascular permeability in solid tumors. Clinical trials examining VEGF signaling inhibitors commonly report hypertension. We examined the effect of cediranib, a highly potent VEGF signaling inhibitor, on the blood pressure of rats and the ability of standard antihypertensive agents to modulate the consequences of VEGF signaling inhibition. Experimental Design: The ability of cediranib to induce hypertensive changes and the effect of giving antihypertensive therapy were investigated in conscious, unrestrained telemetered rats. Two antihypertensive agents were studied: captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, and nifedipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. The antitumor activity of cediranib, alone and in combination with nifedipine, was also evaluated in a LoVo human colorectal tumor xenograft model in nude rats. All treatments were given orally. Results: Administration of 0.1 to 1.5 mg/kg/d of cediranib for 4 consecutive days induced a relatively mild hypertensive effect, elevating diastolic blood pressure by 10 to 14 mmHg. Dosing 3 mg/kg/d cediranib for 4 days induced a marked hypertension of 35 to 50 mmHg. Captopril (30 mg/kg, qd) was effective at lowering a 10 mmHg increase in blood pressure but not a 35 to 50 mmHg increase. However, the latter was rapidly reversed by administration of nifedipine (10 mg/kg, bd). Coadministration of nifedipine did not negatively affect the antitumor activity of cediranib (1.5 mg/kg/d). Conclusions: Hypertension is a direct consequence of inhibiting VEGF signaling but can be controlled with appropriately selected, standard antihypertensive medication.
Better ads for healthier people
Authors: George Dunea
Journal: BMJ (1997)

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August was the happiest month, happy because the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), under pressure from the Congress to reform itself or be reformed, issued new regulations allowing companies to advertise prescription drugs on television. Under the new guidelines the companies can also name the previously unmentionable disease, provided that they offer an accompanying brochure, a toll free telephone number, or an Internet address. The FDA hailed the move as a great advance in bringing health to the people. It would “promote greater consumer awareness about prescription drugs” and “end …

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Long-term remission from life-threatening hypercoagulable state associated with lupus anticoagulant (LA) following rituximab therapy
Authors: Eugene R. Ahn, Gabriella Lander, Carlos J. Bidot, Wenche Jy, Yeon S. Ahn
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

Rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal CD20 antibody, is useful in the treatment of B-cell lymphomas and certain autoimmune diseases. We report a successful outcome of rituximab for life threatening hypercoagulable state associated with lupus anticoagulant (LA). A 30-year-old woman initially presented 10 years ago with DVT and positive serology for SLE and LA. While on Coumadin, she suffered from recurrent DVT in the legs and arms, pulmonary emboli, Budd-Chiari syndrome, mesenteric vein thrombosis, bone infarcts, recurrent strokes, and chronic ITP. All measures including plasmapheresis and monthly IV cyclophosphamide were of no benefit. She was recently admitted with spontaneous subdural hematoma with INR of 3.8. Upon discontinuation of anticoagulation for surgical drainage, she developed acute abdomen from thrombosis and recurrent DVT. Because she had failed prior standard measures, 4 weekly infusions of rituximab (375 mg/m2) were given following 2 rounds of plasmapheresis. Subsequently, she made a remarkable recovery over the next month and has been free of thrombosis on Coumadin for over 15 months. LA, IgM antibodies to cardiolipin, and B2GP1 were consistently positive. After rituximab therapy, LA became negative and IgM antibodies to cardiolipin decreased and ITP went into remission. Rituximab induced a lasting remission in a woman suffering from life-threatening hypercoagulable state associated with LA. Her clinical remission was associated with disappearance of LA. Am. J. Hematol. 78:127–129, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A New Semiquantitative Method For Comparing Brain Tumor Uptake of Tc-99m Sestamibi and Tl-201
Authors: ELMER C. SAN PEDRO, MUSTAFA YILMAZ, HONG-GANG LIU, STEVEN S. ROSENFELD, JAMES M. MOUNTZ
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Purpose We describe a new method for measuring brain tumor uptake of Tl-201 and Tc-99m sestamibi (MIBI) that permits the semiquantitative comparison of tracer uptake to yield comparable "tumor bulk" ratios. We tested this method in patients treated recently and remotely with chemotherapy to determine if this method could identify differences between these two patient groups. Methods Eleven patients with high-grade astrocytoma underwent Tl-201 and Tc-99m MIBI SPECT. Each patient received 5 mCi Tl-201 intravenously followed by SPECT using a dual-head gamma camera. This was immediately followed by an intravenous injection of 20 mCi Tc-99m MIBI and repeated SPECT. Four patients had recent therapy (from 1 day to 6 weeks before SPECT) and seven had remote treatment (>1 year before SPECT). Regions of interest were outlined in the tumor area using a computer-automated program to include all counts above background activity. Tumor activity counts were obtained from this region of interest. The tumor region of interest was mirrored to the contralateral uninvolved cerebral hemisphere to obtain background control count activity. A hypothetical volume of the number of pixels with background count activity necessary to constitute the tumor count activity (tumor bulk) was calculated using the ratio of total tumor counts (Ct), subtracting background (Cb), and dividing by the average counts per pixel in the control region (Cab). This was multiplied by the number of pixels (P), the pixel volume (Vp), and summed over all sections (i) involved with tumor. This method yields the equation tumor bulk =MATH Results The mean Tc-99m MIBI to Tl-201 tumor bulk ratio was 1.03 (range, 0.81 to 1.12) in four patients who had recently received chemotherapy. The mean Tc-99m MIBI to Tl-201 tumor bulk ratio was 1.55 (range, 1.46 to 1.64) in seven patients who had remote therapy. The difference in the Tc-99m MIBI to Tl-201 tumor bulk ratio between the two groups was significant (P= 0.0001). Patients who received recent chemotherapy had relatively lower Tc-99m MIBI uptake compared with Tl-201. In remotely treated patients, uptake of the Tc-99m MIBI was greater compared with Tl-201. Conclusion This method allows semiquantitative comparison of different tracer uptake values independent of tracer dose and reduces the variability in drawing a region of interest when measuring tumor uptake. Among the patients studied, those who had recent chemotherapy showed a low Tc-99m MIBI to Tl-201 ratio. This method of measuring "tumor bulk" can provide a useful index of viable tumor size in evaluating early tumor response and during ongoing chemotherapy.
On projecting grammatical persons into social neurocognition: A view from linguistics
Authors: Nicholas Evans
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Though it draws on the grammatical metaphor of person (first, third, second) in terms of representations, Schilbach et al.'s target article does not consider an orthogonal line of evidence for the centrality of interaction to social cognition: the many grammatical phenomena, some widespread cross-linguistically and some only being discovered, which are geared to supporting real-time interaction. My commentary reviews these, and the contribution linguistic evidence can make to a fuller account of social cognition.