tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abdominal Epilepsy and the Surgical Abdomen
Authors: Matthew T. Moore
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THE SYNDROME of abdominal epilepsy or paroxysmal abdominal pain of epileptic origin has been so amply documented that the diagnosis now is usually entertained when the bouts of abdominal pain mimic an "epileptic pattern," an abnormal electroencephalogram is obtained, thorough studies rule out disease of the abdominal viscera, and the criteria for establishing the diagnosis are adhered to. Prior to the recognition of this disorder, numerous patients had been subjected to needless abdominal surgery and some to multiple futile operations. On the other hand, the too-ready acceptance of the diagnosis of abdominal epilepsy, because of recurrent attacks of abdominal pain, and a single, suggestive abnormal electroencephalogram, can obscure the presence of abdominal visceral disease requiring surgical intervention. The following case report is an illustration of this. Report of a Case A 13-year-old, well-developed male was admitted to the Graduate Hospital, University of Pennsylvania, Jan. 11, 1961, with the presenting complaint
Effect of sodium ion coupled nutrient transport on intestinal permeability in chronically catheterised rats
Authors: M R Uhing
Journal: Gut (1998)

The significance of Nanutrient cotransport induced alterations in paracellular permeability is controversial. Most previous studies have measured intestinal permeability using in vitro methods or in vivo methods immediately after surgical bowel manipulation, and therefore may not be applicable to normal physiological conditions.To determine whether activation of Na coupled nutrient transport increases intestinal permeability under normal physiological conditions.The effect of Na-nutrient cotransport on intestinal permeability was measured in unrestrained, unanaesthetised, chronically catheterised male Sprague-Dawley rats using two different methods: measurement of the rate of absorption of passively absorbed hexoses, mannitol and L-glucose; and measurement of the mannitol:urea diffusion ratio.L-Glucose and mannitol absorption were not increased in the presence of D-glucose, alanine, maltose, or peptides. The mannitol:urea diffusion ratio was not increased by the presence of D-glucose. The presence of D-glucose in the intestinal lumen for 20 minutes did not alter intestinal permeability.Under normal physiological conditions, Na coupled nutrient transport does not increase intestinal permeability.
Neuropathy after clioquinol.
Authors: L M McEwen
Journal: BMJ (1971)

island.As it is, their recommendations will drive out the few who already do manufac- ture there.Unfortunately, similar attitudes prevail in many other developing countries.If, instead, they realized that it is possible for developing countries to attract foreign-owned factories to manufacture pharmaceuticals for export-as is already happening extensively in the Far East-it would open a new avenue through which the richer countries could fulfil their responsibility to contribute to the prosperity of the poorer.-I am, etc.,
THE PROBLEM OF THE SEPTIC HAND
Authors: R. Kennon
Journal: BMJ (1934)

The problem of the septic hand is of interest to all.The public should be warned not to suck or squeeze minor injuries and to seek medical advice more frequently.Nurses should be forbidden to hand instruments, especially knives and needles, to the operator.The surgeon should alwavs sew towards himself and pull out the thread horizontally, not vertically, if the hand and eye of the assistant are not to be endangered.Most septic hands arise from puncture wounds.The thorn, needle, and safety-pin, however contaminated as they enter the tissues, are cleansed as they penetrate, by the glove in the case of the surgeon and American artisans who often work in gloves, and by the horny hand of toil
Chronic hepatitis C virus patients with breakthroughs during interferon treatment can successfully be retreated with consensus interferon
Authors: E. Jenny Heathcote, Stephen James, Kevin D. Mullen, S. C. Hauser, H. Rosenblate, Donald G. Albert
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Patients with chronic hepatitis C who have not had a sustained hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA response or serum alanine transaminase (ALT) response to a 6-month course of interferon (IFN) may respond to higher dose retreatment with consensus interferon (CIFN). Some nonresponders to initial IFN treatment have a transient response defined as undetectable HCV RNA or normalization of ALT during treatment, but subsequently have a “breakthrough” while still on treatment. The aim of this study was to determine if nonresponders who had breakthroughs responded differently to CIFN retreatment than nonresponders without breakthroughs using data from a large, multicenter trial. ALT and HCV RNA were monitored frequently during initial IFN therapy (either 9 mcg CIFN or 3 MU IFN-α2b 3 times per week). HCV-RNA breakthroughs were observed in 86 of 467 (18%) of all treated patients, and ALT breakthroughs were observed in 90 of 467 (19%) of all treated patients. There was no association between breakthroughs and the presence of either binding or neutralizing anti-IFN antibodies. When the patients who were nonresponders to initial IFN treatment were retreated with CIFN (15 mcg) for 12 months, 27% of those with viral breakthroughs had a sustained viral response compared with 8% in prior nonresponders without breakthroughs (P = .102). Sustained ALT responses were observed in 39% with breakthroughs compared with 10% in those without breakthroughs (P = .014). The data suggest that prior nonresponders with breakthroughs have a greater chance of responding to retreatment than do nonresponders without breakthroughs. However, most breakthrough patients would be missed unless repeated HCV-RNA testing were conducted during therapy.
Technology assessment in Britain: lessons from the lithotripter: Author's reply
Authors: C R Charig
Journal: BMJ (1986)

of lithotripsy are therefore 3 8x£87 (inpatient) +£800 (procedure)-+£100 (other admission costs, such as investigations and records)=£1231.The costs of one stage percutaneous nephrolithotomy are 5 63 x£87 (inpatient)+£408 (procedure)+£100 (other)=£998.The appendix also omits maintenance, deprecia- tion, rates, electricity, and servicing from the calculations for open surgery and percutaneous nephrolithotomy.Lithotripsy may not be the "cheapest" pro- cedure: a controlled trial is required which must include an assessment ofbenefits for the patient (29 March, p g77).
INTERMITTENT ALBUMINURIA IN CHILDREN
Authors: F. Moor
Journal: BMJ (1921)

INTERMITTENT ALBUMINURIA IN CHILDREN.[METDHICAL 67rtwo years, we desire to call particular attention to the grading we have been led to adopt in accordance with nature of work.Expressed in terms of cubic centimetres CO2 exlhaled per second (gross) and of tlhe approximate caloric expenditure tlhereby signified, our grading is as follows:C.cm. C02Calories per per Second.HouIr.
Phase I Trial of Sequential Administration of Recombinant DNA and Adenovirus Expressing L523S Protein in Early Stage Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: John Nemunaitis, Thomas Meyers, Neil Senzer, Casey Cunningham, Howard West, Eric Vallieres, Stephen Anthony, Svetislava Vukelja, Barry Berman, Heather Tully, Beena Pappen, Stephen Sarmiento, Rosemarie Arzaga, Steven Duniho, Susan Engardt, Madeleine Meagher, Martin A. Cheever
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

L523S is an immunogenic lung cancer antigen that has demonstrated preclinical safety when the gene is injected intramuscularly as an expressive plasmid (pVAX/L523S) and when delivered following incorporation into an E1B-deleted adenovirus (Ad/L523S). We performed a phase I clinical trial in 13 stage IB, IIA, and IIB non-small-cell lung cancer patients. pVAX/L523S (8 mg on days 0 and 14 in all cohorts) and Ad/L523S (1, 20, 400 × 109 vp on days 28 and 56, cohorts 1, 2, and 3, respectively) were administered to 3 patients in each of three cohorts. No significant toxic effect was identified. All but 1 patient demonstrated greater than or equal to twofold elevation in anti-adenovirus antibodies. One of 10 evaluable patients demonstrated L523S-specific antibody by direct IgG ELISA. Two patients developed disease recurrence and all remain alive after a median of 290 days follow-up. Results suggest a high level of safety but evidence of L523S-directed immune activation was limited, suggesting a need for modification of dose, schedule, and site of vaccination (i.e., intradermal) with further clinical testing.
[615] MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS C IN A DIVERSE POPULATION WITH PEGINTERFERON tt-2a AND RIBAVIRIN: FINAL RESULTS OF THE CANADIAN PEGASYS EXPANDED ACCESS PROGRAM (EAP)
Authors: M. Deschenes, E. Yoshida, K. Peltekian, C. Cooper, V. Bain, M. Krajden, M. Sherman, S.S. Lee, R. Balshaw, P. Marotta
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Taking heart failure seriously
Authors: J. G F Cleland
Journal: BMJ (2000)

General practice p 1113 

Heart failure is common, serious, and treatable, 1 2 so great efforts should be made to manage it correctly. In this issue Mason et al point out that fear of side effects may be a major barrier to the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors by general practitioners (p 1113).3 However, management is not just about prescribing the correct treatment; it also involves obtaining a proper diagnosis.

An estimated 10 million patients in Europe have heart failure secondary to left ventricular systolic dysfunction. 1 2 They are dwarfed by the estimated additional 40 million who have symptoms and signs of heart failure2 but in whom the diagnosis is subsequently refuted by investigation4 or attributed to another cause such as “diastolic” heart failure,2 a condition that is not known to respond to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.5 Only once a diagnosis of heart failure has been established and underlying left ventricular systolic dysfunction confirmed is treatment with a combination of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and β blockers (Cochrane reviews in preparation) generally appropriate.

Who then should manage patients with suspected or confirmed heart failure? The diagnostic burden of suspected heart failure is about 50 000 patients per million population, of which …
Diaphragmatic function after intense exercise in congestive heart failure patients
Authors: T.J. Kufel, L.A. Pineda, R.G. Junega, R. Hathwar, M.J. Mador
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2002)

Respiratory muscle strength and endurance is reduced in patients with congestive heart failure, making these patients susceptible to diaphragmatic fatigue during exercise. In order to determine whether or not contractile fatigue of the diaphragm occurs in patients with congestive heart failure following intense exercise, twitch transdiaphragmatic pressures (twitch Ptdi) were measured during unpotentiated and potentiated cervical magnetic stimulation (CMS) of the phrenic nerves before and at intervals after cycle endurance exercise. Ten patients aged 65.7+/-6.0 yrs (mean+/-SD) with an ejection fraction of 31.2+/-9.8% performed a constant-load symptom-limited exercise test at 60% of their peak work capacity. Twitch Ptdi at baseline were 15.9+/-6.3 cmH2O (unpotentiated CMS) and 28.8+/-10.7 cmH2O (potentiated CMS) and at 10 min postexercise were 16.4+/-4.7 cmH2O (unpotentiated CMS) and 27.6+/-10.1 cmH2O (potentiated CMS). One patient demonstrated a sustained fall in twitch Ptdi of > or = 15%, considered potentially indicative of diaphragmatic fatigue. Contractile diaphragmatic fatigue is uncommon in untrained patients with congestive heart failure following high-intensity constant-workload cycle exercise. Therefore, diaphragmatic fatigue is an unlikely cause of exercise-limitation during activities of daily living in heart failure patients.
Starling's Law and Albumin Therapy
Authors: Anthony J. Buscaglia
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  The SPECIAL COMMUNICATION by Tullis (237:355, 1977) suggested guidelines for the clinical use of albumin. The author includes deranged cardiovascular function secondary to a reduction in effective plasma volume as an indication for albumin. While it is clear that albumin will restore an effective volume more efficiently in terms of volume administered, the same end can be achieved if one gives enough crystalloid. The theoretical advantage of albumin in these situations, which has been stated by others and is implied by the author, is that administering balanced salt solutions in excess might result in fluid accumulation in the interstitial spaces of the lung because of a reduction in the colloid osmotic pressure-pulmonary capillary wedge pressure gradient (COPPCWP). This idea is based on Starling's law of fluid movement across a semipermeable membrane, which states essentially that the net movement of fluid is governed by the algebraic sum of
How Everyday Products Make People Sick: Toxins at Home and in the Workplace
Authors: Arnold Schecter
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A FILTER-PASSING VIRUS OBTAINED FROM DERMACENTOR ANDERSONI
Authors: Hideyo Noguchi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1926)

An invisible, filter-passing virus, pathogenic for the guinea pig, and capable of cultivation on special media for at least seven generations, has been isolated from a tick of the species Dermacentor andersoni. One of two monkeys (Macacus rhesus) inoculated became infected, and in one rabbit the result was negative. The virus has been transmitted from infected guinea pigs to ticks as also in one instance by tick feeding from an infected tick to a guinea pig The presence of the virus in the tick is more easily demonstrated by the inoculation of guinea pigs with a suspension of the tick viscera. Continuous high fever (104.5–106.5°F.) and enlargement of the spleen are the chief symptoms of the infection in guinea pigs. After the febrile attack the guinea pigs are not susceptible to reinoculation with the cultured virus but are subject to infection with the virus of spotted fever, and vice versa.
Tattoo removal using infra-red coagulation
Authors: G.B. COLVER, G.W. CHERRY, R.P.R. DAWBER, T.J. RYAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Journal Article Tattoo removal using infra‐red coagulation Get access G.B. COLVER, G.B. COLVER Department of Dermatology, Slade Hospital, Oxford, U.K. Dr Graham B. Colver, Department of Dermatology, Slade Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7JH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.W. CHERRY, G.W. CHERRY Department of Dermatology, Slade Hospital, Oxford, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.P.R. DAWBER, R.P.R. DAWBER Department of Dermatology, Slade Hospital, Oxford, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T.J. RYAN T.J. RYAN Department of Dermatology, Slade Hospital, Oxford, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 112, Issue 4, 1 April 1985, Pages 481–485, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb02324.x Published: 01 April 1985 Article history Accepted: 08 September 1984 Published: 01 April 1985
Ischiogluteal bursitis. The pain in the arse
Authors: R. Swartout
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Ischiogluteal bursitis is an extremely painful disorder, characterized by pain over the center of the buttock and down the back of the leg. Probably a common disorder, it is rarely diagnosed and is easily confused with a herniated disk or even acute thrombophlebitis. Treatment is simple, the most important being three days of bed rest. A skillful injection into the bursa may be helpful. The patient may be left with weak leg muscles for many months.
Whole Genome Sequence Reveals a Haplotype Conferring Protection From Asthma Common to Subjects of European and African Ancestry
Authors: Abdellah Hedjoudje, Lili Huang, Nicholas M. Rafaels, Candelaria I. Vergara, Margaret Taub, Ingo Ruczinski, Carole Ober, Esteban Gonza Burchard, Terri H Beaty, Donata Vercelli, Kathleen C. Barnes, Rasika A. Mathias
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Molecular mechanisms of activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase mediated by transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1
Authors: L.-C. Ching, Y. R. Kou, S.-K. Shyue, K.-H. Su, J. Wei, L.-C. Cheng, Y.-B. Yu, C.-C. Pan, T.-S. Lee
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

AimsWe investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the role of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1), a Ca2+-permeable non-selective cation channel, in the activation of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) in endothelial cells (ECs) and mice.
Abstract 5306: A20 negatively regulates immunostimulatory activity of macrophage
Authors: lifeng Wang, Bangxing Hong, Xiaoxia Jiang, Lindsey Jones, Siyi Chen, Xue F Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Macrophage represents a class of professional antigen-presenting cells, but usually only exhibits low level immunostimulatory activity. Here we investigate the role of A20, a negative regulator of several key proinflammatory signaling pathways, in controlling macrophage-associated immunostimulatory ability. We find that A20-silenced macrophage has enhanced expressions of costimulatory molecules, MHC complexes, and proinflammatory cytokines. As a consequence, A20-silenced macrophage displays an elevated ability to activate CD4+ and CD8+ T cell response in vitro and in vivo, and A20-silenced macrophage immunization effectively controls onset and growth of engrafted tumors. To further search the underlying mechanism whereby A20-silenced macrophage triggers potent antitumor activity, we unexpectedly found that A20-silenced macrophage induced expression of cytotoxic molecules perforin and granzyme B not only in CD8+ T cell and NK cells, but also in CD4+ T cells, and all of these cytotoxic molecule-expressing cells display a heightened cytotoxicity against tumor cells. A20-silenced macrophage induces expression of the cytotoxic molecules likely by enhancing production and signaling of IFN-g, as depletion of IFN-g by anti-IFN antibody drastically reduced expression of these cytotoxic molecules. These results indicate that A20 negatively regulates macrophage to activate antitumor immune response, and implies silencing A20 expression would lead to generation of immunostimulatory macrophage. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5306.
The Nonsynonymous/Synonymous Substitution Rate Ratio versus the Radical/Conservative Replacement Rate Ratio in the Evolution of Mammalian Genes
Authors: Kousuke Hanada, Shin-Han Shiu, Wen-Hsiung Li
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

There are 2 ways to infer selection pressures in the evolution of protein-coding genes, the nonsynonymous and synonymous substitution rate ratio (KA/KS) and the radical and conservative amino acid replacement rate ratio (KR/KC). Because the KR/KC ratio depends on the definition of radical and conservative changes in the classification of amino acids, we develop an amino acid classification that maximizes the correlation between KA/KS and KR/KC. An analysis of 3,375 orthologous gene groups among 5 mammalian species shows that our classification gives a significantly higher correlation coefficient between the 2 ratios than those of existing classifications. However, there are many orthologous gene groups with a low KA/KS but a high KR/KC ratio. Examining the functions of these genes, we found an overrepresentation of functional categories related to development. To determine if the overrepresentation is stage specific, we examined the expression patterns of these genes at different developmental stages of the mouse. Interestingly, these genes are highly expressed in the early middle stage of development (blastocyst to amnion). It is commonly thought that developmental genes tend to be conservative in evolution, but some molecular changes in developmental stages should have contributed to morphological divergence in adult mammals. Therefore, we propose that the relaxed pressures indicated by the KR/KC ratio but not by KA/KS in the early middle stage of development may be important for the morphological divergence of mammals at the adult stage, whereas purifying selection detected by KA/KS occurs in the early middle developmental stage.
Can Severe Spinal Nerve Injury Be Repaired?
Authors: Bert Vorstman
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We wish to respond to the question by Richard G. Cotterman,<sup>1</sup>MD, "Can severe spinal nerve injury be repaired?" Although there is a nihilistic belief, generally shared, that it is impossible to achieve useful reinnervation of denervated structures, new studies have tested this discouraging dogma and identified some factors that may be controlled during peripheral nerve surgery to achieve regeneration and return of useful function.<sup>2</sup>Recent experiments in our laboratory have demonstrated that surgery using spinal nerve roots can result in regeneration and reinnervation. In a series of animals, we have connected a lumbar mixed nerve root to a sacral mixed nerve root through a nerve graft. The animals were reoperated on after some seven months, and in several, we were able to produce a bladder contraction when the isolated root was electrically stimulated.<sup>3</sup> Although other past attempts at reinnervating the bladder have produced
"The Wisdom of Koch."
Authors: H. B. Young
Journal: JAMA (1891)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —It seems to me thatThe Journal, as the official mouth-piece of the largest, and oldest, large organized body of physicians in America, should be more conservative in its utterances than appears in the current number editorially under the above caption. In the first place, there is an objection to extravagant praise of Prof. Koch in connection with his new treatment of lupus and tuberculosis, because, as he himself admits, its value is so far an unknown quantity. The profession has in the past properly refused, and should now and in the future refuse, to endorse any method which has not had the test of time, and in numerous hands. Prof. Koch has made wonderful and valuable contributions to scientific medicine, but in this new field of endeavor, the logical outgrowth of his pathological discoveries, we must not, simply on the basis of his success in pathological