tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
OUR REPUBLIC—HER CITIZENS AND HER NEEDS. RELIGION, LEARNING, LIRERTY, LAW. THE FOUR GREAT FORCES OF CIVILIZATION. An Address delivered before the New York Academy of Anthropology,
Authors: EDWARD C. MANN
Journal: JAMA (1892)

One of the sub-divisions of ethnology is<i>Government and Laws</i>, by which the different races are controlled and their prosperity developed,and it is to the subject of the government, laws and prosperity of our Republic and her citizens that I ask your attention. We also find under the head of ethnology<i>Religion</i>, and a distinguished ethnologist has said that against men and nations under control of doctrines of this character, the skeptical Greek, the materialistic Roman and the effete Persian were as certain to succumb as though their downfall had been written on their temples by a divine hand. Professor Max Müller says : " It is language and religion that make a people, but religion is even a more powerful agent than language. Progress is the development of the energies and resources of a nation and the condition of civilization is where all these energies and resources are developed
Healing Over and Muscle Contraction in Toad Hearts
Authors: I. Escobar, W. C. De Mello, B. Pérez
Journal: Circulation Research (1972)

The influence of temperature, contractures, and CA²⁺ on the processes of healing over and muscle contraction was investigated in toad myocardium by simultaneously measuring the size of the injury potential and the twitch tension. Stimulation with single pulses and electrically induced contractures of short duration (2-3 seconds) markedly increased the rate of healing, and epinephrine (10⁻⁶ g/ml) increased the effectiveness of stimulation. Other results supported the view that the healing process was largely dependent on temperature, since at 15°C or 10°C the rate of healing over was greatly reduced. The effect of temperature was probably related to a reduction in Ca²⁺ uptake. A possible change in junctional conductance produced by low temperature probably was not the reason for the decrease in rate of healing. Strontium, which replaces Ca²⁺ in the mechanical process, was also a good substitute for Ca²⁺ in healing over. The results stress the parallelism between the healing process and the contractile process in heart muscle.
DOUBLE INFECTION WITH THE HUMAN AND BOVINE TYPES OF BACILLUS TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: PAUL A. LEWIS
Journal: JAMA (1913)

from (lie human materials examined.These considera¬ tions, on the other hand, give to a successful result n somewhat intensified value.When it is achieved, it may be taken not only as establishing (he occurrence of the virus, luil also as indicating its presence in relatively large amount, or the possession oí a higher degree of virulence for monkeys Hum is ordinarily displayed.We wish to descrihe an instance of (lie demonstration of Ihc virus of poliomyelitis on the upper respiratory mucous membranes of healthy human adults, the parents of ¡i child suffering from an acute attack of epidemic poliomyelitis.E. A., a girl aged 4 yenes ¡nul 4 months, \v¡is somewliiit, ill from October 12 to 17, 1912, when fever and weakness were especially noted.During I lu» evening of the 17th partial paralysis of the legs developed.She was admitted to the hos¬ pital of the Rockefeller Institute October 18, at which timo the left leg could not be drawn up and was llaccid.Some power remained in the hamstring muscles.The right leg was less affected; it could be drawn up weakly and again extended.Below the knee, however, the muscles were all weak.The respiratory muscles were definitely affected, the right more than the left.The movement of the chest during respiration was almost imperceptible.On account of extraneous causea
A POSSIBLE EXPLANATION OF THE INCREASED INCIDENCE AND EARLY ONSET OF NEURO SYPHILIS
Authors: A. REITH FRASER, A.G.B. DUNCAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1921)

Journal Article A POSSIBLE EXPLANATION OF THE INCREASED INCIDENCE AND EARLY ONSET OF NEURO SYPHILIS Get access A. REITH FRASER, M.D. Aberd., A. REITH FRASER, M.D. Aberd. Medical Inspector of Venereal Diseases, Union Government of South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.G.B. DUNCAN, M.D., D.P.H.Aberd. A.G.B. DUNCAN, M.D., D.P.H.Aberd. Bacteriologist and Assistant Medical Officer of Health, Hull and Goole Port Sanitary Authority Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 33, Issue 7, 1 July 1921, Pages 251–264, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1921.tb09045.x Published: 01 July 1921
Identification and characterization of a bile acid receptor in isolated liver surface membranes.
Authors: L Accatino, F R Simon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

It is generally assumed that hepatic transport of bile acids is a carrier-mediated process. However, the basic mechanisms by which these organic anions are translocated across the liver cell surface membrane are not well understood. Since carrier-mediated transport involved binding of the transported molecule to specific receptor sites, we have investigated the possibility that bile acid receptors are present in liver surface membranes. Isolated liver surface membranes were incubated at 4 degrees C with [14C]cholic acid and [14C]taurocholic acid, and membrane-boudn bile acid was separated from free by a rapid ultrafiltration technique through glass-fiber filters. Specific bile acid binding is rapid and reversible and represents approximately 80% of the total bile acid bound to liver surface membranes. Taurocholic acid binding is independent of the medium pH, while cholic acid binding demonstrates an optimum at pH 6.0. Analysis of equilibrium data for both cholic and taurocholic acid binding indicates that specific binding is saturable and consistent with Michaelis-Menten kinetics, while nonspecific binding is nonsaturable. Apparent maximal binding capacity and dissociation constant values indicate a large capacity system of receptors that have an affinity for bile acids comparable to that of the hepatic transport mechanism. Scatchard analysis of the saturation kinetics as well as inhibition studies suggest that bile acids bind to a single and noninteracting class of anion that competes with bile acids for hepatic uptake, also inhibits cholic acid binding. In contrast, no inhibition was demonstrated with indocyanine green and probenecid. Specific bile acid binding is enriched and primarily located in liver surface membranes and found only in tissues involved in bile acid transport. Specific bile acid binding is independnet of Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ and does not require metabolic energy. In addition, thiol groups and disulfide are not required for activity at the binding site. However, specific bile acid binding is markedly decreased by low concentrations of proteolytic enzymes and is also decreased by the action of neuraminidase and phospholipases A and C. These results are consistent with the existence of a homogeneous bile acid receptor protein in liver surface membranes. The primary surface membrane location of this receptor, its binding properties, and its ligand specificity suggest that bile acid binding to this receptor may represent the initial interaction in bile acid transport across liver surface membranes.
No TWEAK for COPD
Authors: A.L. Lazaar, B.E. Miller, G. Francombe, A. Duvoix, S.A. Natanek, M.I. Polkey
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

To the Editor: 

The therapy with the greatest functional benefit in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is pulmonary rehabilitation [1]; while the mode of action is probably multifactorial the functional benefit of pulmonary rehabilitation is associated with strength gain in the quadriceps [2]. This suggests that muscle hypertrophy, or countering atrophy, could be at least one of the mechanisms through which pulmonary rehabilitation is beneficial. However, despite the success of pulmonary rehabilitation, there are several occasions in which an effective adjunctive drug therapy might have a place in clinical practice; for example in patients who are too unwell to exercise, in patients unwilling or unable to complete pulmonary rehabilitation, or indeed to magnify or extend benefit in those who do.

In order to conduct stratified medicine studies of future novel anabolic agents for skeletal muscle dysfunction in COPD, biomarkers to identify potential responders will be required. In particular, it is likely that such therapies may be aimed at subsets of patients with COPD rather than, as is the …
Contribution of gastrointestinal transit and pouch characteristics in determining pouch function.
Authors: P A Goldberg, M A Kamm, R J Nicholls, G Morris, K E Britton
Journal: Gut (1997)

AIM: To determine the contributions of gastrointestinal transit and pouch characteristics to bowel frequency in patients with an ileoanal reservoir and no pouchitis. METHODS: Twenty one patients who had undergone restorative proctocolectomy, with ileostomy closure at least eight months previously, and who had no history of pouchitis were recruited. They were prospectively classified on the basis of their bowel frequency: 11 patients had good pouch function (bowel frequency less than six per day) and 10 had poor function (bowel frequency more than six per day). Gastrointestinal transit was studied using a dual isotope technique and anal and pouch physiological examination was performed on all patients. RESULTS: Lag phase, 25% and 50% gastric emptying, small bowel transit time, and 10% and 50% pouch filling times, all for solids and liquids, were not significantly different between patients with good and poor function. Anal manometry and pouch and anal electrical sensitivity were also similar in the two groups. The volume of air and water required to elicit an initial sensation and the urge to defaecate were similar in both groups, but the maximum tolerated volume to both air (525 v 245 ml, good v poor function, median values) and water (625 v 370 ml) infusion was significantly (both p &lt; 0.02) lower in patients with poor function. CONCLUSION: Maximum tolerated volume in the pouch, which may reflect pouch size, sensitivity, compliance, or a combination of these is the major determinant of pouch function. Gastrointestinal transit does not seem to be an important determinant of function.
Abstract 15151: The Role of Microrna-145 in Human Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation Into Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Shintaro Yamaguchi, Kenichi Yamahara, Koichiro Homma, Sonoko Takesue, Hiroshi Itoh
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Introduction: Recent studies have reported that microRNA-145 (miR-145) is a critical mediator in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation, and phenotype of smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Previously, we established a system for differentiating human embryonic stem (ES) cells into vascular cells including endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) (ATVB 27(10):2127–34, 2007). In this study, we investigated the role of miR-145 in the differentiation process from human ES cells to SMCs. Methods and Results Undifferentiated human ES cell line KhES-1 was induced to differentiate to SMCs using coculture with OP9 feeder cells. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that, similar to human adult vascular SMCs (VSMCs), significant amount of miR-145 was expressed in human ES cell-derived SMCs (ES-SMCs), compared to undifferentiated human ES cells, adult ECs, or ES cell-derived ECs. However, immunocytochemistry revealed that not all ES-SMCs were positive for smooth muscle markers including α-SMA and SM...
Monoclonal antibody-based ELISA to quantify the major allergen of Artemisia vulgaris pollen, Art v 1
Authors: L. Jimeno, O. Duffort, C. Serrano, D. Barber, F. Polo
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: Pollen of Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort) is a relevant cause of pollinosis in temperate and humid regions. Recently, the major allergen of this pollen, Art v 1, has been characterized. Objective: To develop a monoclonal antibody (mAb)‐based enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to quantify Art v 1, and to assess the correlation of Art v 1 content with the biological activity of mugwort pollen extracts. Methods: Art v 1‐specific mAbs were obtained from a BALB/c mouse immunized with high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)‐purified Art v 1. One of these antibodies (Av 3.7), which recognizes the N‐terminal defensin‐like domain of Art v 1, was used as the capture antibody in an ELISA method for allergen quantitation. An anti‐ A. vulgaris rabbit serum was used as the second antibody. Art v 1 was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography and used as the standard in the assay. Results: The purity and identity of the affinity‐purified Art v 1 was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE), mass spectrometry, amino acid composition, and N‐terminal amino acid sequencing. The prevalence of specific IgE against Art v 1, determined by radioallergosorbent test (RAST) in a population of 44 mugwort‐allergic patients, was 79%. The Art v 1‐ELISA developed displays a detection limit of 0.1 ng/ml, and a practical working range of 0.2–10 ng/ml. The concentration of Art v 1 was measured in 10 A. vulgaris pollen extracts, and a good correlation was observed between the Art v 1 content and the allergenic activity of the extracts. Conclusions: The results prove the usefulness of the Art v 1‐ELISA for the standardization of A. vulgaris pollen extracts intended for clinical use.
NEW DUPLEX-ALLOY BARE METAL STENT ENABLES MAGNETIC CAPTURE OF ENDOTHELIAL CELLS AND REDUCES NEOINTIMAL RESPONSE TO INJURY
Authors: Adriana Harbuzariu, Dan Dragomir-Daescu, Janelle Gooden, David Holmes, Robert Simari, Gurpreet Sandhu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Relationship of dietary fat and serum cholesterol ester and phospholipid fatty acids to markers of insulin resistance in men and women with a range of glucose tolerance
Authors: Jennifer C. Lovejoy, Catherine M. Champagne, Steven R. Smith, James P. DeLany, George A. Bray, Michael Lefevre, Yvonne M. Denkins, Jennifer C. Rood
Journal: Metabolism (2001)
Clonal origins of ETV6-RUNX1+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia: studies in monozygotic twins
Authors: D Alpar, D Wren, L Ermini, M B Mansur, F W van Delft, C M Bateman, I Titley, L Kearney, T Szczepanski, D Gonzalez, A M Ford, N E Potter, M Greaves
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
A Review of Quality of Care Evaluation for the Palliation of Dyspnea
Authors: Richard A. Mularski, Margaret L. Campbell, Steven M. Asch, Bryce B. Reeve, Ethan Basch, Terri L. Maxwell, J. Russell Hoverman, Joanne Cuny, Steve B. Clauser, Claire Snyder, Hsien Seow, Albert W. Wu, Sydney Dy
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Assessment and management of dyspnea has emerged as a priority topic for quality evaluation and improvement. Evaluating dyspnea quality of care requires valid, reliable, and responsive measures of the care provided to patients across settings and diseases. As part of an Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Symposium, we reviewed quality of care measures for dyspnea by compiling quality measures identified in systematic searches and reviews. Systematic reviews identified only three existing quality measurement sets that included quality measures for dyspnea care. The existing dyspnea quality measures reported by retrospective evaluations of care assess only four aspects: dyspnea assessment within 48 hours of hospital admission, use of objective scales to rate dyspnea severity, identification of management plans, and evidence of dyspnea reduction. To begin to improve care, clinicians need to assess and regularly document patient's experiences of dyspnea. There is no consensus on how dyspnea should be characterized for quality measurement, and although over 40 tools exist to assess dyspnea, no rating scale or instrument is ideal for palliative care. The panel recommended that dyspnea assessment should include a measure of intensity and some inquiry into the associated bother or distress experienced by the patient. A simple question into the presence or absence of dyspnea would be unlikely to help guide therapy, as complete relief of dyspnea in advanced disease would not be anticipated. Additional knowledge gaps include standards for clinical dyspnea care, assessment in the cognitively impaired, and evaluation of effectiveness of dyspnea care for patients with advanced disease.
Dark-Field Examination In Early Primary Syphilis
Authors: Max Popper
Journal: JAMA (1975)

To the Editor.—  Regarding the article by Duncan et al (228:859, 1974), I want to emphasize that specific and nonspecific serological tests for syphilis are not reactive in early primary lesions.  In the Los Angeles City Health Department, I treated a male prostitute who was keenly aware of the great hazard connected with his occupation. He appeared in the venereal clinic of the City Health Department on three different occasions, many months apart, each time having a minimal, nonindurated erosion on his penis. Each time, Treponema pallidum was present in the serum. He never developed a reactive serological test, either specific or nonspecific. There is no clinical or serological evidence that this patient ever had a syphilitic infection, although he had three of them, all verified by the presence of T pallidum in his lesions.  There is no substitute for darkfield examination in very early primary syphilis.
Increase in Perforin-positive Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Extrinsic and Intrinsic Asthma
Authors: VERENA ARNOLD, SANDRA BALKOW, RICHARD STAATS, HEINRICH MATTHYS, WERNER LUTTMANN, JOHANN CHRISTIAN VIRCHOW
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

The cause of asthma, which has been linked to a chronic, T-cell-mediated bronchial inflammation, remains unclear. A number of other T-lymphocyte-mediated, chronic inflammatory disorders have been associated with autoimmunity and there are data indicating that autoimmune phenomena might also be present in asthma. Expression of perforin, a cytotoxic molecule produced by lymphocytes, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. We therefore tested the hypothesis that allergic and intrinsic asthma might be associated with an increase in lymphocytes producing perforin by comparing the expression of intracellular perforin in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with extrinsic asthma (n = 13), intrinsic asthma (n = 7), and healthy control subjects (n = 18). Lymphocytes were identified using flow cytometry and subdivided into CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+, and CD56+ subpopulations after staining with appropriate monoclonal antibodies. The percentage of perforin-positive total lymphocytes was significantly elevated in patients with allergic as well as intrinsic asthma when compared with normal control subjects. Analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations also revealed a significant increase in the percentage of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD56+ cells expressing perforin in allergic asthma and a significant increase in the percentage of CD4+ and CD56+ cells in intrinsic asthma when compared with healthy control subjects. Perforin expression in CD4+ cells in intrinsic asthma was also significantly elevated compared with allergic asthma. We conclude that allergic and intrinsic asthma is associated with increased expression of perforin in T-lymphocyte subsets. Arnold V, Balkow S, Staats R, Matthys H, Luttmann W, Virchow JC, Jr. Increase in perforin-positive peripheral blood lymphocytes in extrinsic and intrinsic asthma.
Investigation of the mechanism of action of nonablative pulsed-dye laser therapy in photorejuvenation and inflammatory acne vulgaris
Authors: E.D. Seaton, P.E. Mouser, A. Charakida, S. Alam, P.E. Seldon, A.C. Chu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Background Nonablative lasers are widely used for treatment of wrinkles, atrophic scars and acne. These lasers stimulate dermal remodelling and collagen production, but the early molecular stimulus for this is unknown. The mechanism of nonablative lasers in inflammatory acne is variously suggested to be damage either to sebaceous glands or to Propionibacterium acnes. Their effects on cytokine production are unknown. Objectives To assess the in vivo effects of a short pulse duration nonablative pulsed‐dye laser (NA‐PDL) previously used for photorejuvenation and treatment of acne, on cytokine production, P. acnes colonization density and sebum excretion rate (SER). Methods We examined the effect of NA‐PDL (NliteV®; Chromogenex Light Technologies, Llanelli, U.K.) on P. acnes colonization before and after laser therapy using a scrub‐wash technique and culture at 0 and 24 h (n = 15), on SER using absorptive tape at 0, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks (n = 19) and on cytokine mRNA using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction from skin biopsies at 0, 3 and 24 h (n = 8). Results NA‐PDL had no effect on P. acnes or SER. Transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 mRNA increased fivefold after 24 h and 15‐fold in two subjects (P = 0·012). Conclusions TGF‐β is known to be a potent stimulus for neocollagenesis and a pivotal immunosuppressive cytokine which promotes inflammation resolution. Its upregulation by NA‐PDL provides a possible unifying molecular mechanism linking stimulation of dermal remodelling in photorejuvenation with inhibition of inflammation in acne. Damage to P. acnes or sebaceous glands cannot explain the effect of this device in acne.
Introducing the society for immunotherapy of cancer’s new journal: journal for immunoTherapy of cancer
Authors: Pedro J Romero, Tara Withington, Francesco Marincola
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

The field of cancer immunology and immunotherapy is experiencing a tremendous increase in excitement and momentum, catalyzed by the latest approvals of immunotherapy-based treatments in multiple cancer types. Contributing to the excitement, more cancer vaccine candidates, immunomodulatory monoclonal
AL amyloidosis associated with B‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders: Frequency and treatment outcomes
Authors: V. Sanchorawala, E. Blanchard, D.C. Seldin, Carl O'Hara, M. Skinner, D.G. Wright
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract AL amyloidosis, a systemic disorder characterized by widespread deposition of amyloid fibrils derived from monoclonal Ig light chains in organs and soft tissues, is typically caused by an underlying plasma cell dyscrasia. However, this disease can also be associated rarely with a B‐cell lymphoproliferative disorder. In this report, we describe the presentation and clinical course of 16 patients with this association. Although amyloid‐related organ involvement in these patients was typical of AL amyloidosis, the patients in this series were on average older and more likely to be female than patients with disease associated with a plasma cell dyscrasia. They were also more likely to have multisystem involvement. Treatment decisions were based primarily on the dominent hematopathologic features of the associated lymphoproliferative disorder. However, high‐dose melphalan and stem cell transplantation was the primary therapy in 5 patients, and each of these patients had prolonged survival, ranging from 36 to 102 months. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.