tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chaotic dimensionality of hand movements define processing capacity by relational complexity
Authors: Danko Nikolic
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Measurements of the dimensionality of chaotic attractors obtained on behavioral data represent the task complexity and also could be hypothesized to reflect the number of synchronized neural groups involved in the generation of the data. The changes in dimensionality for different experimental conditions suggest that limited processing capacity, task complexity, demand, and synchrony in neural firing might be closely related.
PATIENTS WITH POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: John B. Hall
Journal: JAMA (1952)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I have read with interest the article entitled "Home Care of Patients with Acute Poliomyelitis" by Philip M. Stimson, M.D., published inThe Journal(June 21, 1952, page 719). There is no question but that the emotional attitudes of the family and-patient are important. Hospitalization in many instances is unnecessary, and long periods of transportation are detrimental; however, I do feel it necessary to comment on some other considerations. In the recognizable case without paralysis, it is well known that the severity of the early signs and symptoms bears no direct relationship to prognosis in regard to either life or developing weakness. Also, changes in the patient's condition can develop rapidly, and, if the patient is hospitalized, appropriate measures can be immediately instituted. However, if the patient is at home, the attendant may not notice the signs, the physician may not be located promptly, and the transportation
Book Review Prostate Cancer: Signaling Networks, Genetics, and New Treatment Strategies (Current Clinical Oncology.) Edited by Richard G. Pestell and Marja T. Nevalainen. 455 pp., illustrated. Totowa, NJ, Humana Press, 2008. $139 (cloth); $99 (paper). 978-1-58829-741-9 (cloth); 978-1-60327-518-7 (paper).
Authors: Joost L. Boormans
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)
Value of Ultrasound and Cytological Classification System to Predict the Malignancy of Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate Cytology
Authors: Frederico Fernandes Ribeiro Maia, Patrícia S. Matos, Elizabeth J. Pavin, José Vassallo, Denise E. Zantut-Wittmann
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2011)
Tapping Into 'Procedural' Memory Helps Patients With Amnesia to Acquire New Occupational Skills
Authors: Timothy F. Kirn
Journal: JAMA (1987)

WHEN A TORONTO company had to phase out the clerical job of a severely amnesic woman employee, it decided first to consult the University of Toronto's Unit for Memory Disorders. Company officials hoped that if the woman could be trained for a new job, she might be spared the financial and emotional hardship of being let go. To Daniel Schacter, PhD, and Elizabeth Glisky, PhD, of the Unit for Memory Disorders, that 32-year-old woman, whom they refer to as H.D., presented both a challenge and an opportunity. The woman—who became amnesic in June 1980 after contracting herpes simplex encephalitis—was familiar to them from having participated in experimental studies of memory at the center. The woman's IQ was 84, and she had performed extremely poorly on the Wechsler Memory Scale test. Thirty minutes after testing, she was unable to recall anything of the stories, line drawings, or tasks of the test.
Innateness, universality, and domain-specificity
Authors: Gregg E. A. Solomon
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

There are problems with Atran's argument for an innate cognitive module for folk biology. He has been too quick to assume innate origins for what might plausibly be learned. Furthermore, in his characterization he includes aspects – essentialist reasoning and inductions from classes – that are not domain-specific. Finally, his characterization compromises his argument that the module is pretheoretical.
Acetaldehyde and malondialdehyde react together to generate distinct protein adducts in the liver during long-term ethanol administration
Authors: D J Tuma, G M Thiele, D Xu, L W Klassen, M F Sorrell
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Acetaldehyde and the lipid peroxidation-derived aldehyde malondialdehyde (MDA), are reactive compounds that are generated during ethanol metabolism in the liver, and both aldehydes have been shown to be capable of binding to proteins and forming stable adducts. Because similar concentrations of MDA and acetaldehyde can coexist in the liver during ethanol oxidation, protein adduct formation in the presence of both of these aldehydes was studied under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. When proteins were incubated in the presence of both MDA and acetaldehyde, MDA caused a marked and concentration-dependent increase in the stable binding of acetaldehyde to proteins. Maximum stimulation of binding occurred at approximately a fourfold molar excess of MDA relative to acetaldehyde when concentrations of 1.0 mmol/L and 0.1 mmol/L were tested. The formation of highly fluorescent product or products was associated with the MDA stimulation of acetaldehyde binding, indicating that new and distinct products were being generated. These hybrid adducts of MDA and acetaldehyde have been designated as MAA adducts. An affinity-purified polyclonal antibody was produced that specifically recognized MAA epitopes on proteins and did not cross-react with carrier proteins or proteins modified with either acetaldehyde or MDA alone. A quantitative competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed and detected the presence of MAA-modified proteins in liver cytosol from ethanol-fed rats but not in pair-fed controls. Quantification of the data from the competitive ELISA indicated the presence of approximately 75 pmoles protein-bound MAA per milligram liver cytosol proteins of the ethanol-fed animals. These results indicate that acetaldehyde and MDA can react together in a synergistic manner and generate hybrid adducts (MAA-adducts) and further suggest that MAA adducts may represent a major species of adducts formed in the liver during ethanol metabolism in vivo.
Deleterious Effects of Hydralazine in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Milton Packer, Barry Greenberg, Barry Massie, Harold Dash
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Thirteen consecutive patients with primary and secondary pulmonary hypertension who had normal left ventricular function were treated with hydralazine in an effort to reduce pulmonary vascular resistance and clinical symptoms. Despite marked decreases in systemic vascular resistance (40 per cent; P less than 0.001), hydralazine produced only moderate decreases in pulmonary arteriolar resistance (21 per cent), without improving stroke volume or pulmonary-artery pressure. Instead, mean arterial pressure fell markedly (17.5 mm Hg, P less than 0.01) in association with a reflex increase in heart rate (11 beats per minute, P less than 0.01). Four patients became symptomatically hypotensive within 24 hours of the initiation of treatment; two of these four required pressors for circulatory support, and one died. Progressive renal insufficiency developed in one patient, and a symptomatic decrease in systemic arterial oxygen saturation occurred in another; both changes were reversed upon discontinuation of the drug. In conclusion, hydralazine fails to produce consistent hemodynamic and clinical benefits in patients with primary and secondary pulmonary hypertension, and it frequently causes serious adverse reactions.
THE CHURCH OF ROME AND THE LEPERS OF COLOMBIA.
Authors: ALBERT S. ASHMEAD
Journal: JAMA (1896)

I send you an appeal of the order of St. Lazarus for help to the unfortunate lepers of Colombia. Formerly the grand master of this order had to be a leper himself. His Grace, the Archbishop of New York, informs me that this manner of qualification for the grandmastership was abolished by the Holy See in 1253. <h3>LECTURE.</h3> Lecture given by the Reverend Father (Salesian) Evasio Rabagliati, in the Solemn Session of the Society of St. Lazarus (Bogota, Colombia) on July 7, 1895. (Exordio—Et occurrerunt ei decem viri leprosi, qui steterunt a longe et levaiverunt vocem suam dicentes: Jesu preceptor, miserere nostri—and there met him ten men that were lepers, which stood afar off; and they lifted up their voice and said: "Jesus, Master, have mercy on us.")<sup>1</sup> The first thing we should observe in this story is the great and exquisite kindness of Jesus, etc... Brethren, not far
A NEW OPERATION FOR RETRODISPLACEMENT OF THE UTERUS.
Authors: EMIL RIES
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The vaginal route for operations on uterus and appendages, aside from hysterectomy, is recognized at present by a large number of gynecologists as a safe and convenient method, and is considered by them preferable to the abdominal route wherever it appears applicable. After long and exhaustive discussions the following advantages may be regarded as peculiar to the vaginal route in preference to the abdominal incision: The vaginal route exposing only a limited portion of the abdominal cavity is less liable to lead to infection or so-called shock. The vaginal route, requiring no exposure or handling of intestines or omentum or parietal peritoneum to any extent, avoids the post-operative troubles liable to follow such exposure or handling—adhesions with their consequences, loss of water from evaporation with the disagreeable subjective symptoms caused by it. The vaginal route does away with the visible scar and the possibility of ventral hernia. The vaginal route
A comparative study of static stretching versus ballistic stretching on the flexibility of the hamstring muscles of athletes
Authors: C K Kishore Kumar, Surajeet Chakrabarty
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Background and objectives Hamstring tightness is present in almost all population of the world. Poor hamstring flexibility in often associated with injuries to the lower back and lower extremities in athletes. Improper training often results in diminished flexibility. Stretching has been promoted for years as an integral part of training programme to decrease the risk of injury. Static stretching and ballistic stretching both help in improving hamstring flexibility, which, in term increases range of motion of knee extension. So, the main objectives of this study are to evaluate a comparative effectiveness between static stretching and ballistic stretching in improvement of hamstring flexibility. This will help to find out the most effective type of stretching for improvement of hamstring flexibility in hamstring tight individuals. Methodology 40 hamstring tight individuals of both the sexes between the age group of 20 and 40 years were randomly selected. Hamstring tightness was analysed by active knee extension test in the supine position with the help of standard double arm plastic goniometer. Result The result of this study has shown that there in a significant difference in both static stretching and ballistic stretching. After 6 weeks of stretching, the study showed that ballistic stretching is better than static stretching in improving hamstring flexibility, with the help of a paired t test with a p value ≤0.05 significance. Interpretation and conclusion The study concluded that ballistic stretching is better than static stretching in improving hamstring flexibility in hamstring tight individual though it can not be generalised to the whole population.
Noninvasive Electrocardiographic Imaging
Authors: Howard S. Oster, Bruno Taccardi, Robert L. Lux, Philip R. Ershler, Yoram Rudy
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The goal of noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) is to determine electric activity of the heart by reconstructing maps of epicardial potentials, excitation times (isochrones), and electrograms from data measured on the body surface. Methods and Results Local electrocardiac events were initiated by pacing a dog heart in a human torso–shaped tank. Body surface potential measurements (384 electrodes) were used to compute epicardial potentials noninvasively. The accuracy of reconstructed epicardial potentials was evaluated by direct comparison to measured ones (134 electrodes). Protocols included pacing from single sites and simultaneously from two sites with various intersite distances. Body surface potentials showed a single minimum for both single- and double-site pacing (intersite distances of 52, 35, and 17 mm). Noninvasively reconstructed epicardial electrograms, potentials, and iso-chrones closely approximated the measured ones. Single pacing sites were reconstructed to within ≤10 mm of their measured positions. Dual sites were located accurately and resolved for the above intersite distances. Regions of sparse and crowded isochrones, indicating spatial nonuniformities of epicardial activation spread, were also reconstructed. Conclusions The study demonstrates that ECGI can reconstruct epicardial potentials, electrograms, and isochrones over the entire epicardial surface during the cardiac cycle. It can provide detailed information on local activation of the heart noninvasively. Its uses could include localization of cardiac electric events (eg, ectopic foci), characterization of nonuniformities of conduction, characterization of repolarization properties (eg, dispersion), and mapping of dynamically changing arrhythmias (eg, polymorphic VT) on a beat-by-beat basis.
A Randomized Trial of Levodopa as Treatment for Residual Amblyopia in Older Children
Authors: Michael X. Repka, Raymond T. Kraker, Trevano W. Dean, Roy W. Beck, R. Michael Siatkowski, Jonathan M. Holmes, Cynthia L. Beauchamp, Richard P. Golden, Aaron M. Miller, Lisa C. Verderber, David K. Wallace
Journal: Ophthalmology (2015)
THE GALACTOSE TOLERANCE TEST
Authors: Harry Shay
Journal: JAMA (1931)

To the Editor:  —The discussion inThe Journal(February 7, p. 459) between Dr. Blankenhorn of Cleveland and Dr. Loewy of London relative to the galactose tolerance test concerns a technic which we have studied for the past three years at the Jewish Hospital. Our conclusions regarding it are to appear in the Archives of Internal Medicine . I am in complete accord with Dr. Loewy, barring minor differences. I believe that the galactose tolerance test of Bauer stands today as our only positive means of identifying toxic hepatitis early, a condition whose identification becomes paramount in the painless (clinically obstructive) jaundice seen in persons past 30 or 40 years of age. Is it carcinoma of the head of the pancreas or silent stone in the duct or is it a so-called catarrhal jaundice? Should the patient be operated on early and spared the imminent danger of hemorrhage if operated on
Two year training induced changes in anthropometric and strength characteristics of national team male volleyball players
Authors: J M Sheppard, E Nolan, R U Newton
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Several examinations have demonstrated differences in anthropometry, jump performance, and strength variables between developmental and elite level volleyball players. However, within the elite level of play, the magnitude of change that can occur with training is unclear. Objective To examine the anthropometric, vertical jump, and strength quality changes over 2 years in a group of national team volleyball players. Design Longitudinal analysis with pre and post measurements spanning a 2 year time period. Setting A male national volleyball team, involving professional players free of injury. Participants 15 national team volleyball players (22.0±3.1 years, 1.98±0.09 m, 90.8±9.9 kg) began and completed this study. Participants had all played international matches prior to the examination time period, and continued to do so during the international season, while also playing for their professional club, through the 2 year duration of the study. Interventions During professional seasons, match play volume varied depending on club, with training time typically involving four to seven court and two strength sessions per week. During international seasons, participants typically engaged in seven to nine court and two to four strength sessions per week, with match involvement ranging from 15 to 40 per season. Anthropometry (stature, mass, and Σ7 skin-folds, vertical jump measures (counter-movement vertical jump; depth-jump from 0.35 m DJ; spike-jump SPJ), speed-strength (body-weight jump squat, JSBW) and ballistic-strength (jump squat+50% body-weight, JS50) measures were tested prior to and at the conclusion of the investigation period. Results Significant (p&lt;0.05) improvements were observed in Σ7 skin-folds, DJ, SPJ, and JS50 performance, with large magnitude changes (Cohen's d&gt;0.70) in the Σ7 skin-folds reduction, and increased jump height for the JS50. Conclusions Large improvements in DJ, SPJ, and ballistic strength performance, as well as reductions in fat-mass, can be achieved in senior male national team volleyball players.
Pancreatic Pseudocyst Presenting as a Mediastinal Tumor
Authors: James T. McClintock
Journal: JAMA (1965)

THIS IS apparently the third report to the literature of a pancreatic pseudocyst in the mediastinum. Pancreatic pseudocysts are uncommon lesions, and the appearance of one in the mediastinum is rare. Posterior, inferior mediastinal tumors are infrequent, and the types of lesions found there are uncommon entities.<sup>1</sup> <h3>Review of the Literature</h3> In the first reported case,<sup>2</sup>a large posterior, inferior mediastinal mass was demonstrated on chest films. The patient died very shortly after admission. At necropsy a large pancreatic pseudocyst was found occupying the lesser peritoneal sac, and gross pancreatic calcifications were found. The pancreatic pseudocyst extended into the mediastinum through the esophageal hiatus. This patient had no recent symptoms of abdominal pain, but he had had chronic symptoms of vague abdominal pain several years before and mild diabetes had developed. In the second reported case<sup>3</sup>the patient had had mild, mid-back pain and one episode of severe
A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Aripiprazole Adjunctive to Antidepressant Therapy among Depressed Outpatients with Inadequate Response to Prior Antidepressant Therapy (ADAPT-A Study)
Authors: Maurizio Fava, David Mischoulon, Dan Iosifescu, Janet Witte, Michael Pencina, Martina Flynn, Linda Harper, Michael Levy, Karl Rickels, Mark Pollack
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2012)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; We assessed the efficacy of low-dose aripiprazole added to antidepressant therapy (ADT) in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with inadequate response to prior ADT. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; As per the sequential parallel comparison design, 225 MDD subjects were randomized to adjunctive treatment with aripiprazole 2 mg/day or placebo across two 30-day phases, with a 2:3:3 randomization ratio to drug/drug (aripiprazole 2 mg/day in phase 1; 5 mg/day in phase 2), placebo/placebo (placebo in both phases), and placebo/drug (placebo in phase 1; aripiprazole 2 mg/day in phase 2). Eligible subjects were patients whose MDD was independently deemed ‘valid’ with SAFER criteria. Subjects had been receiving ADT for ≥8 weeks, and had inadequate response to ≥1 and &lt;4 adequate ADTs in the current episode, as defined by the Antidepressant Treatment Response Questionnaire. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; The pooled, weighted response difference between aripiprazole 2 mg/day and placebo in the two phases was 5.6% (p = 0.18; NS). The aripiprazole 2 mg/day-placebo difference on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale pooled across the two phases was –1.51 (p = 0.065; NS). Other secondary endpoint analyses showed nonsignificant pooled differences favoring aripiprazole over placebo. Of the 225 randomized subjects in phase 1, 2 dropped out in both arms, while in phase 2, of 138 phase 1 placebo nonresponders, 9 dropped out on aripiprazole and 5 on placebo. There were only minimal differences in adverse event rates between treatments, except for constipation, weight gain, and dry mouth, more common on aripiprazole. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; This study provides clear support for the tolerability of low-dose aripiprazole as an ADT-augmenting agent, with marginal efficacy.
Drug firms cut doctors' fees for drug talks
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

In the face of new disclosure rules, a number of drug firms in the United States are dramatically reducing their payments to doctors for promotional speeches, an analysis by the non-profit, investigative news organization ProPublica has found.1

The analysis found that Eli Lilly’s payments to speakers dropped by 55%, from $47.9m (£28.6m; €34.5m) in 2011 to $21.6m in 2012. Over the same period …
Serum procalcitonin measurement for detection of intercurrent infection in febrile patients with SLE
Authors: K C SHIN
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

It is sometimes difficult to distinguish infection from disease flare in febrile patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Chill, leucocytosis, and increased C reactive protein (CRP) are known to be markers favouring infection.1 Procalcitonin (PCT) is the precursor of calcitonin and is synthesised in the parafollicular C cells of the thyroid. Serum PCT increases in severe bacterial or fungal infection but does not increase, or increases only slightly, in viral infections.2 3 The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of serum PCT in febrile episodes of patients with SLE to distinguish infection from disease flare.

We prospectively enrolled 19 patients with SLE with fever who were admitted to Seoul National University Hospital between October 1998 and April 1999. Fever was defined as an axillary temperature over 38°C. Eleven patients with inactive SLE were enrolled as controls. Blood of the febrile lupus patients was withdrawn three times: on the day of the hospital visit, and after 24 hours and 48 hours. Another sample was withdrawn two weeks after defervescence to control infection or because of a decrease in lupus activity. At the detection of fever, blood cultures and other necessary cultures were performed with complete blood count, Westergren erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), CRP, serum anti-dsDNA, complements …