tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Law Would Require Paid Sick Leave for Workers
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Repeated Peritoneal Dialysis in Treatment of Heart Failure
Authors: Rasib M. Raja
Journal: JAMA (1970)

A patient with refractory heart failure and anasarca underwent eight peritoneal dialyses during a 21-month period. Clinical response to the dialyses was excellent. To our knowledge, this is the first patient upon whom repeated peritoneal dialysis was used over a prolonged period of time for refractory heart failure.
Hazards of Hospitalization of the Elderly
Authors: Morton C. Creditor
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

For many older persons, hospitalization results in functional decline despite cure or repair of the condition for which they were admitted. Hospitalization can result in complications unrelated to the problem that caused admission or to its specific treatment for reasons that are explainable and avoidable. Usual aging is often associated with functional change, such as a decline in muscle strength and aerobic capacity; vasomotor instability; reduced bone density; diminished pulmonary ventilation; altered sensory continence, appetite, and thirst; and a tendency toward urinary incontinence. Hospitalization and bed rest superimpose factors such as enforced immobilization, reduction of plasma volume, accelerated bone loss, increased closing volume, and sensory deprivation. Any of these factors may thrust vulnerable older persons into a state of irreversible functional decline. The factors that contribute to a cascade to dependency are identifiable and can be avoided by modification of the usual acute hospital environment by de-emphasizing bed rest, removing the hazard of the high hospital bed with rails, and actively facilitating ambulation and socialization. The relationships among physicians, nurses, and other health professionals must reflect the importance of interdisciplinary care and the implementation of shared objectives.
Haemolytic anaemia caused by overheated dialysate.
Authors: K L Lynn, M A Boots, T R Mitchell
Journal: BMJ (1979)

with topical corticosteroid treatment only and the baby was discharged home after 21 days.AFP concentrations in the bullous fluid and neonatal serum were 6-0 and 5-6 mg/l respectively, indicating transudation of serum.
Deposition and clearance of inhaled particles.
Authors: B O Stuart
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Theoretical models of respiratory tract deposition of inhaled particles are compared to experimental studies of deposition patterns in humans and animals, as determined principally by particle size, density, respiratory rate and flow parameters. Various models of inhaled particle deposition make use of convenient approximations of the respiratory tract to predict tractional deposition according to fundamental physical processes of impaction, sedimentation, and diffusion. These theoretical models for both total deposition and regional (nasopharyngeal, tracheobronchial, and pulmonary) deposition are compared with experimental studies of inhaled dusts in humans or experimental animals that have been performed in many laboratories over several decades. Reasonable correlation has been obtained between theoretical and experimental studies, but the behavior of very fine (less than 0.01 mum) particles requires further refinement. Properties of particle shape, charge, and hygroscopicity as well as the degree of respiratory tract pathology also influence deposition patterns and further experimental work is urgently needed in these areas. The influence upon deposition patterns of dynamic alterations in inspiratory flow profiles caused by a variety of breathing patterns also requires further study, and the use of such techniques with selected inhaled particle size holds promise in possible diagnostic aid in diagnosis of normal versus disease conditions. Mechanisms of conducting airway and alveolar clearance processes involving mucociliary clearance, dissolution, transport to systemic circulation, and translocation via regional lymphatic clearance are discussed. The roles of the pulmonary macrophage in airway and alveolar clearance are described, and the applicability of recent solubility models for translocation or deposited materials to liver, skeleton, or other systemic organs is discussed.
Enhancement of MSC adhesion and therapeutic efficiency in ischemic heart using lentivirus delivery with periostin
Authors: Yun-Hyeong Cho, Min-Ji Cha, Byeong-Wook Song, Il-Kwon Kim, Heesang Song, Woochul Chang, Soyeon Lim, Onju Ham, Se-Yeon Lee, Eunmi Choi, Hyuck Moon Kwon, Ki-Chul Hwang
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
"Captive" Consumers of Photosensitizing Soaps
Authors: A. A. Fisher
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> While traveling about the country, I have noted that most hotels and motels are presently supplying their guests with so-called "deodorant" soaps. Many of these soaps contain photosensitizing, antibacterial agents. The manager of each hostelry I interviewed is not aware that these soaps contain agents that may produce a severe dermatitis in individuals who use them and are exposed to sunshine. Thus, many people who ordinarily do not use deodorant soaps and never purchase such soaps, nevertheless, are unwittingly exposed to photosensitizers during their travels. This fact was vividly demonstrated recently when I treated two patients for a severe photodermatitis that was acquired while vacationing in Florida. Although the patients initially denied using any antibacterial soaps, inquiry at the hotels where they stayed revealed that they, indeed, had unknowingly used the deodorant soaps provided by these hotels. It might be appropriate for the wrappers of such soaps
RECOVERY FROM AMYLOIDOSIS
Authors: Hobart A. Reimann
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Until Waldenström's<sup>1</sup>report in 1928, it was generally believed that amyloidosis was a progressive and fatal disease. Although, before this time, observations were made from time to time on patients who apparently recovered from the disease, they were seldom published<sup>2</sup>because of uncertainty of diagnosis. It was usually concluded that recovery was an indication that the patient did not have amyloid disease. Recently, however, Kuczynski,<sup>3</sup>Morgenstern<sup>4</sup>and others have shown experimentally that amyloid substance may be resorbed if the factors favoring its formation and deposition are discontinued. The introduction of the congo red test by Bennhold and the method of liver and spleen biopsy by Waldenström permitted accurate clinical diagnosis to be made during life. As a result of these advances, reports of recovery from amyloid disease in eleven cases have been published.<sup>5</sup> The following is the report of a case of tuberculosis of
Principles of Cleft Palate Prosthesis: Aspects in the Rehabilitation of the Cleft Palate Individual
Authors: Orion H. Stuteville
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The authors have presented the prosthetic aspects in the rehabilitation of the patient with cleft palate. The book provides inclusive material on prosthetic procedures for dentists who are primarily interested in constructing a prosthesis for such a patient, but the authors ignored the new advances in orthodontia and surgery. It is pointed out that the prosthodontist is called upon not only to salvage surgical failures but to better the condition of the patient who has an acquired cleft palate due to trauma, infection, or tumor as well. The book is profusely illustrated. Step by step it covers techniques for determining a recommendation for treatment, making a primary impression, and constructing of a study model, constructing and applying a prosthesis for the patient with a complete or incomplete cleft not surgically treated and postoperative problems. The authors then describe the prosthetic procedure in patients with cleft palates who are postoperative and
Accessory Submaxillary Gland
Authors: Albert David Alexander
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THE purpose of this paper is to report a physiologic mass in the floor of the mouth, an accessory submaxillary gland.Although textbooks on anatomy1 2 3 describe "frequently found" parotid tissue associated with the parotid duct (accessory parotid gland) no references to accessory submaxillary gland were found in the literature.Cancer-control publicity has alerted the public, stressing the value of early diagnosis. Self-examination has prompted many to seek professional advice regarding masses discovered. Not infrequently, a "lump" in the mouth is found. Although I believe that this is a rare case, its description seems warranted to serve as a reminder of . . .
First Experience in Humans Using Adipose Tissue–Derived Regenerative Cells in the Treatment of Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Jaco H. Houtgraaf, Wijnand K. den Dekker, Bas M. van Dalen, Tirza Springeling, Renate de Jong, Robert J. van Geuns, Marcel L. Geleijnse, Francisco Fernandez-Aviles, Felix Zijlsta, Patrick W. Serruys, Henricus J. Duckers
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Overlying Urostomy Bag Simulating Urinary Leak in a Postrenal Transplant MAG3 Study
Authors: Edward O??Rourke, R Hussain, J R. Buscombe, A J. W. Hilson
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

A 57-year-old male renal transplant patient was referred to nuclear medicine for a Tc-99m MAG 3 study because the patient had deteriorating renal function. The initial image showed reasonable uptake into the transplant kidney. On the later images, there appeared to be tracer in the perinephric distribution simulating a leak. There was a further accumulation on the later image. Further inquiries and inspection by the resident nuclear medicine physician revealed an overlying urostomy bag, and on patient repositioning, the tracer uptake was clearly seen outside the body.
Reply to Michael Froehner and Manfred P. Wirth's Letter to the Editor re: Andrew Vickers, Caroline Bennette, Gunnar Steineck, et al. Individualized Estimation of the Benefit of Radical Prostatectomy from the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Randomized Trial. Eur Urol 2012;62:204–9
Authors: Andrew J. Vickers, Lars Holmberg
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Oral Anticoagulants vs Aspirin in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Carl van Walraven, Robert G. Hart, Daniel E. Singer, Andreas Laupacis, Stuart Connolly, Palle Petersen, Peter J. Koudstaal, Yuchiao Chang, Beppie Hellemons
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) have an increased risk of stroke and other vascular events.To compare the risk of vascular and bleeding events in patients with nonvalvular AF treated with vitamin K -inhibiting oral anticoagulants or acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin).Pooled analysis of patient-level data from 6 published, randomized clinical trials.A total of 4052 patients with AF randomly assigned to receive therapeutic doses of oral anticoagulant or aspirin with or without low-dose oral anticoagulants.Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, other cardiovascular events, all-cause death, and major bleeding events. Person-year incidence rates were calculated to provide crude comparisons. Relative efficacy was assessed using proportional hazards modeling stratified by study. The variation of the oral anticoagulant's relative effect by pertinent patient factors was explored with interaction terms. All analyses were conducted using the intention-to-treat principle.Patients receiving oral anticoagulant and aspirin were balanced for important prognostic factors. There was no significant heterogeneity between trials in the relative efficacy of oral anticoagulant vs aspirin for any outcome. Patients receiving oral anticoagulant were significantly less likely to experience any stroke (2.4 vs 4.5 events per 100 patient-years; hazard ratio [HR], 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43-0.71), ischemic stroke (HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.37-0.63), or cardiovascular events (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.59-0.85) but were more likely to experience major bleeding (2.2 vs 1.3 events per 100 patient-years; HR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.21-2.41). The reduction in ischemic stroke risk was similar in patients with paroxysmal AF (1.5 vs 4.7 events per 100 patient-years; HR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.16-0.61; P<.001). Treating 1000 patients with AF for 1 year with oral anticoagulant rather than aspirin would prevent 23 ischemic strokes while causing 9 additional major bleeds. Overall all-cause survival did not differ but appeared to improve for oral anticoagulant patients 3 years after therapy was started.Compared with aspirin, oral anticoagulant significantly decreases the risk of all strokes, ischemic strokes, and cardiovascular events for patients with nonvalvular chronic or paroxysmal AF but modestly increases the absolute risk of major bleeding. The balance of benefits and risks varies by patient subgroup.
Intestinal Deconjugation of Dietary Folate
Authors: Theodore M. Bayless
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

The bulk of folate activity in foodstuffs is in a poorly absorbed conjugated pteroyl-polyglutamate form, containing three to seven gamma-linked glutamate residues, and only a small portion is in an easily absorbable monoglutamate form. Deconjugation of the conjugated folate presumably occurs before the actual intestinal absorption of folate because the conjugated forms are not found in the plasma. The amount of deconjugating activity present in the fluids in the intestinal lumen ("succus entericus") is inadequate to account for this deconjugation.1 Rosenberg, Streiff, Godwin and Castle, whose observations are reported in this issue, suggest that the mucosa of the duodenum and . . .
Look at all the evidence before stockpiling amantadine
Authors: Tom Jefferson
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Tsiodras et al propose testing amantadine to see if any benefits could accrue in combination with neuraminidase inhibitors in pandemic flu.1 The principal attraction seems to be low cost. Although they quote resistance and harms as well as lack of “any demonstrable reduction in transmissibility or pathogenicity,” this does not seem to deter them from their proposal.

Had they consulted the Cochrane Library, they …
A Genomic Biomarker for Breast Cancer Development in High-Risk Women.
Authors: A. Bild, Y. Sun, R. Soldi, T. Conner, D. Walker, T. Werner, A. Spira, I. Andrulis, S. Buys, E. Johnson
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract BackgroundFamily history is an important factor contributing to a woman's risk of breast cancer development. This increased risk reflects the participation of inherited genetic components such as breast cancer susceptibility genes. However, many of the genetic components contributing to breast cancer remain unknown, and a number of women with a family history of breast cancer never develop breast cancer despite their high-risk status, while other high-risk woman go on to develop breast cancer. Thus, it is clear that we lack crucial pieces of information to help define a person's true risk of developing breast cancer.Methods and FindingsWe hypothesize that there are many undiscovered germline variations in genes that lead to altered gene expression patterns predictive of breast cancer development in high-risk women. We have developed a genomic model capable of predicting which high-risk women, both BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and BRCAX women, will actually develop breast cancer. Specifically, we use exon-level genome-wide expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to develop a model of disease risk (n=118 samples of either control or high-risk women). From this data, we generate a biomarker consisting of genes that most correlate to cancer development in women with strong family histories of breast cancer. Using an internal independent dataset, our biomarker can predict the high-risk women who will or will not develop cancer with over 85% accuracy. Further, we have validated this model on an independent external cohort (n=36) which was obtained and processed at sites unique to our training dataset. Our genomic biomarker can accurately predict breast cancer development in high-risk women with over 78% accuracy using this external dataset. Therefore, from our analyses, we can calculate with high accuracy an individual woman's true risk of developing breast cancer. This method provides a personalized approach to hereditary breast cancer risk assessment that is not currently available. This personalized risk assessment will aide clinicians in counseling their patients regarding specific management options based on a patient's individual risk of breast cancer. Lastly, these studies have also identified novel genes associated with breast cancer risk, which may provide a basis for targeted therapies that may help modify the risk of breast cancer development in high risk patients.ConclusionsTogether, these studies deliver both a non-invasive biomarker for hereditary breast cancer risk and a characterization of genes that contribute to breast cancer development. Overall, we expect these experiments to identify the genetic changes that underlie breast cancer predisposition, and assist clinicians and patients in determining the appropriate preventative measures based on their personal risk of developing breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4059.
Aortic valve allografts in sheep
Authors: J. Borrie, G. L. Hill
Journal: Thorax (1968)

Some of the mechnical and biological problems surrounding the use of fresh allograft inverted aortic valves as mitral valve substitutes are described. Certain aspects of the problem have been studied experimentally. In three sheep `fresh9 aortic valve allografts were inserted, using cardiopulmonary bypass, into the main pulmonary artery, and were observed from 5 to 7 months after operation. The animals survived normally. Their normal pulmonary valves remained in situ. The technique is described. At subsequent necropsy, macroscopically the valves were found to be free from vegetation, and the cusps were pliable and apparently normal. Microscopically, the supporting allograft myocardium showed necrosis and early calcification. The valve cusp showed hyalinization of collagen, although beneath the endocardium this hyalinized collagen contained moderate numbers of fibroblasts with no evidence of proliferation. The endocardium and arterial intima of the allograft showed evidence of ingrowth from adjacent normal host endocardial tissues. The allograft itself was invested in a loose layer of fibro-fatty tissue, which, in view of the necrotic state of the graft myocardium, could well have been a reparative reaction rather than a homograft reaction. It is concluded that, although the cusps could function normally, the necrosis of the myocardium might in time lead to late failure of the graft. Further studies with the valve inserted at mitral level are indicated.
LIVER-GASTRIC TISSUE PREPARATIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
Authors: P. J. FOUTS
Journal: JAMA (1933)

The therapeutic effectiveness of liver and fractions of liver in the treatment of patients with pernicious anemia is well established. Minot, Cohn, Murphy and Lawson,<sup>1</sup>and Zerfas<sup>2</sup>have demonstrated that the amount of liver extract No. 343 derived from 300 Gm. of whole liver (from 12 to 14 Gm. of the dried powder) is the minimal amount required to produce maximal reticulocyte responses when fed daily by mouth to patients with pernicious anemia in relapse. Sharp,<sup>3</sup>Sturgis and Isaacs,<sup>4</sup>Conner,<sup>5</sup>Wilkinson<sup>6</sup>and others have shown that preparations of hog gastric tissue are likewise effective when fed daily in amounts equivalent to from 200 to 300 Gm. of fresh stomach tissue (from 30 to 40 Gm. of desiccated material). Following the work of Castle and his associates,<sup>7</sup>Reimann<sup>8</sup>reported a marked increase in the potency of liver when it was digested in normal
Cigarette Smoking and Lung Cancer: Reanalysis of the British Doctor's Data
Authors: S. H. Moolgavkar, A. Dewanji, G. Luebeck
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Attention has focused recently on the recessive oncogenesis model, according to which inactivation of both alleles of specific genes leads to cancer. A mathematical formulation of this model was fitted to the lung cancer incidence data from a cohort study among British doctors. The model described the data well. One implication is that age influences lung cancer risk among smokers independently of duration of smoking. A study of dose-response within the framework of the model shows that the data are consistent with various interpretations regarding the relative importance of daily level of smoking and duration of smoking in determining lung cancer risk. [J Natl Cancer Inst 81:415–420, 1989]
Effects of ventilator resistance and compliance on phrenic nerve activity in spontaneously breathing cats.
Authors: A Schulze, A Jonzon, P Schaller, G Sedin
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

This study investigates the effects of respiratory mechanical loading and unloading on phrenic nerve activity and ventilation. Ten adult cats were anesthetized, intubated, and connected to a servocontrolled infant ventilator while breathing spontaneously in continuous positive airway pressure mode. The ventilator was then set to decrease the pressure at the airway opening in proportion to the inspiratory airflow or the volume of spontaneous breathing (resistive or elastic loading) or to increase the pressure at the airway opening accordingly (resistive or elastic unloading, also called proportional assist ventilation). When compared with continuous positive airway pressure, both resistive and elastic loading increased the number of phrenic nerve impulses per breath and the mean frequency of impulses (p < 0.01, ANOVA). In contrast, elastic unloading decreased phrenic nerve activity significantly in normal and injured lungs. Resistive unloading in normal lungs did not change phrenic nerve activity significantly. The compensatory response in phrenic nerve activity was not large enough to completely offset effects of loading and unloading on ventilation: elastic and resistive loading decreased ventilation. Unloading had the opposite effect on ventilation, particularly in injured lungs. We conclude that respiratory mechanical loading and unloading have statistically significant, opposite effects on phrenic nerve activity and opposite effects on ventilation.
Cutaneous secondary follicular centre cell lymphoma in association with lymphoedema praecox
Authors: R.J. HILLS, F.A. IVE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Summary We report a patient who developed cutaneous metastases in a lymphoedematous leg, from a follicular centre cell lymphoma. in a setting of lymphoedema praecox and recurrent deep-vein thromboses. To our knowledge, this is the first report of such a case. We discuss the possible causes for this localization.