tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mediastinal Emphysema and Bilateral Pneumothorax after Tracheotomy
Authors: J. R. M. Whigham
Journal: BMJ (1945)

Nilgiris (6,300 feet) applies here.He suggested that warm winds blowing from below brought the mosquitoes up; here they would have to be blown 20 miles, up 4,000 feet, and through a narrow twisting valley, which is inconceivable.A hypothetical diary of events of the epidemic on the Equator farm," based on the above considerations, is as follows:(i) Gravid A. gaimbiae were transported to the farm in motor vehicles coming by road from a malarious valley 20 miles below.March.(ii) Eggs laid and first (and only) generation emerged.Beginninig of April.(iii) These adults bit African gametocyte carriers.April.(iv) Sporozoites in glands.About May 13. (v) Human cases.May 24 to June 7.(vi) Death of last infected mosquitoes.About May 27. SummaryEpidemics of malignant tertian malaria began for the first time irn Londiani in the year 1941 and were repeated on a milder scale in succeeding years (May to July).The altitude of the locality is 7,500 to 7,800 feet.A few cases of benign tertian malaria also occurred.In 1944 a localized outbreak of malignant tertian malaria occurred on a farm about 20 miles to the north of Londiani, at an altitude of 8,300 to 8,500 feet.It lasted for a fortnight only.Anzopheles gambiae Giles was found at both places, and is the probable vector.Climatic records indicate that the breeding of this species is possible at 8,300 feet only during the month of March and at 7,500 feet only during March, April, and May.Temperature records suggest that the completion of the sporogonic cycle is possible only because A. gambiae spends practically all its life indoors, where the temperature is several degrees higher than outside.The external environment is too cold for development to occur.It is probable that A. gambiae is reintroduced annually by road and rail transport.I have to thank the Hon.
NON-INVASIVE IDENTIFICATION OF SENILE SYSTEMIC AMYLOIDOSIS: INCREMENTAL DIAGNOSTIC ROLE OF 99MTC-DPD SCINTIGRAPHY
Authors: Candida Cristina Quarta, Pier Luigi Guidalotti, Simone Longhi, Cinzia Pettinato, Ornella Leone, Fabrizio Salvi, Alessandra Ferlini, Agnese Milandri, Pamela Gallo, Christian Gagliardi, Elena Biagini, Claudio Rapezzi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Lifestyle intervention in preschool children has little effect on obesity
Authors: B. Metcalf, T. Wilkin
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Such is the scale of childhood obesity, and so serious the metabolic complications associated with it, that its prevention is something of a holy grail. The need for trialists to come up with a solution—any solution—has stretched the interpretation of effect sizes to their limits. The result is inappropriate inference and messages to public health that are …
Biopsy and Prognosis of Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Ervin Epstein
Journal: JAMA (1969)

In a personal series of 559 patients with black lesions on the skin, only 2.1% had malignant melanomas; about 98% were not melanomatous. Of 31 instances in which melanoma was suspected, the diagnosis was proven by histopathologic examination in only 12 (38.7%). Since melanoma surgery is mutilating, biopsy studies would be helpful if they were not damaging to the patient. Of the 193 surgically treated localized malignant melanomas reported to the California Tumor Registry from 1950 to 1954, incomplete excision was performed in 115 cases. Definitive surgery was done later in 90 of these cases— as much as one week later in 73. A comparison of the survival rates of the 115 patients on whom biopsies were done with those of the 55 patients on whom definitive surgery was performed immediately showed no deleterious effect from the delayed surgery.
Childhood mortality after a high dose of vitamin A in a high risk population.
Authors: N. M. Daulaire, E. S. Starbuck, R. M. Houston, M. S. Church, T. A. Stukel, M. R. Pandey
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVES--To determine whether a single high dose of vitamin A given to all children in communities with high mortality and malnutrition could affect mortality and to assess whether periodic community wide supplementation could be readily incorporated into an ongoing primary health programme. DESIGN--Opportunistic controlled trial. SETTING--Jumla district, Nepal. SUBJECTS--All children aged under 5 years; 3786 in eight subdistricts given single dose of vitamin A and 3411 in remaining eight subdistricts given no supplementation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Mortality and cause of death in the five months after supplementation. RESULTS--Risk of death for children aged 1-59 months in supplemented communities was 26% lower (relative risk 0.74, 95% confidence interval 0.55 to 0.99) than in unsupplemented communities. The reduction in mortality was greatest among children aged 6-11 months: death rate (deaths/1000 child years at risk) was 133.8 in supplemented children and 260.8 in unsupplemented children (relative risk 0.51, 0.30 to 0.89). The death rate from diarrhoea was also reduced (63.5 supplemented v 97.5 unsupplemented; relative risk 0.65, 0.44 to 0.95). The extra cost per death averted was about $11. CONCLUSION--The results support a role for Vitamin A in increasing child survival. The supplementation programme was readily integrated with the ongoing community health programme at little extra cost.
Treatment of Tumoral Calcinosis with Phosphorus Deprivation
Authors: GHOLAMALI MOZAFFARIAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Tumoral calcinosis is a familial disease, usually associated with hyperphosphatemia, that is manifested by the deposition of calcific masses around major joints. Surgical excision of the masses has been the only partially effective treatment. A new therapeutic approach, consisting of a low-calcium and low-phosphorus diet and large oral doses of aluminum hydroxide-containing antacids, resulted in marked clinical and radiographic improvement in a patient with tumoral calcinosis. Calcium and phosphorus balances became negative with this treatment, and serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline levels fell to nearly normal. We conclude that this mode of therapy is of significant value in treatment of tumoral calcinosis.
THE OXYGEN CONTENT OF THE VENOUS BLOOD OF THE DOG AFTER UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OBSTRUCTION
Authors: Russell L. Haden, Thomas G. Orr
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

There is a rapid fall in the oxygen content of the venous blood of the dog after upper gastrointestinal tract obstruction. This increased deoxidation is probably due to a combination of several factors. There is much evidence to suggest that active reducing bodies are present in the blood.
Demonstration of Tumor Microembolism by Lung Perfusion Imaging
Authors: PAUL S. DAVIS, CHARLES M. INTENZO, JOHN R. COHN, CHAN H. PARK
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Ventilation-perfusion imaging with Xe-133 and Tc-99m MAA was performed to exclude pulmonary embolism in an increasingly dyspneic patient with known breast cancer. A CT scan 1 week earlier showed several small subpleural masses believed to represent metastatic disease. The perfusion images revealed multiple, bilateral, wedge-shaped defects. A pulmonary angiogram was normal. However, an open lung biopsy revealed extensive hematogenous tumor deposits.
Intrathoracic extramedullary hematopoietic tumor in hemoglobin H disease
Authors: Jin‐Hou Wu, Lee‐Yung Shih, Tseng‐Tong Kuo, Ray‐Shee Lan
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

Abstract We report a Chinese patient with hemoglobin H (Hb H) disease who developed intrathoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) 17 years following splenectomy for a blunt abdominal injury. The patient initially presented with extreme hyperbilirubinemia and multiple intrathoracic tumors. Hb H disease was diagnosed after investigation, and the marked jaundice, which declined gradually after supportive treatment, was attributed to his chronic hemolysis superimposed on an acute hepatitis C virus infection. A biopsy of the intrathoracic tumors revealed an EMH. Intrathoracic EMH, which is usually encountered in patients with β‐thalassemia and hereditary spherocytosis, has never been reported in Hb H disease. In areas where thalassemia is prevalent, EMH should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients who have chronic anemia with asymptomatic intrathoracic tumor to avoid unnecessary surgical interventions. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Why Men Seek Psychotherapy: I. Results of a Survey of College Graduates
Authors: GEORGE E. VAILLANT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1972)

A questionnaire survey comparing 112 middle-aged men who had made ten or more visits to a psychiatrist with 531 men who did not revealed that occupational failure, never marrying, and heavy alcohol use (all indirect indicators of mental illness) were not correlated with seeking psychotherapy. However, variables reflecting social supports (stable marriage, sports participation. church attendance, etc.) and subjective physical health status (hospitalization, days of sick leave per year, abdominal pain with stress, etc.) were strongly associated with whether men sought psychotherapy. A replication study supported the validity of these findings.
Persistent involuntary movements after treatment with flupenthixol.
Authors: D J Dick, M Saunders
Journal: BMJ (1981)

taken a massive overdose compatible with the stated amount.Assessing drug toxicity in overdosage is also complicated by the frequent occurrence of multiple drug overdoses.Thus negative results from a comprehensive toxicological screen,4 as in cases 2, 3, 5, and 7, are important to establish that the symptoms observed are due to the alleged overdose.Illingworth and Prescott5 recently reviewed the information on drug overdosage in manufacturers' data sheets and concluded that the information provided was often inadequate and sometimes inaccurate.We believe that our report shows that co-operation between the National Poisons Information Service and manufacturers can be an important factor in correcting these shortcomings.We thank the many doctors who helped to collect these data and Sandoz Limited, UK and Basle, for their co-operation.
Ultrasound-guided catheterization of the internal jugular vein in oncologic patients; Comparison with the classical anatomic landmark technique: A prospective study
Authors: Konstantinos Serafimidis, George H. Sakorafas, George Konstantoudakis, Konstantina Petropoulou, George P. Giannopoulos, Nikolaos Danias, George Peros, Michael Safioleas
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2009)

To compare the traditional anatomic landmark technique with the ultrasound-guided method for central venous catheterization. During three years, 551 patients underwent internal jugular vein catheterization; in 347 patients, the ultrasound-guided technique was used, while in the other 204 patients the catheter was introduced by using the classical anatomic landmark method. Operating time, complications (pneumothorax, puncture of carotid artery with or without hematoma formation), and number of attempts to achieve central venous catheterization were recorded. The ultrasound-guided technique was associated with significantly shorter operating time (9.83 ± 3.1 vs. 20 ± 4.4 min, p < 0.001) and less morbidity (pneumothorax, 0 vs. 2 patients [p < 0.05], carotid artery puncture with or without hematoma formation, 1 vs. 16 patients [p < 0.05]). Moreover, the ultrasound-guided technique was highly successful in achieving central venous catheterization (failure, 0 vs. 18 patients [p < 0.05]), with significantly fewer attempts (1–3 attempts in 204 vs. 283 [p < 0.01]), compared to the classical anatomic landmark technique. The ultrasound-guided method is faster, more efficient, and less morbid procedure compared with the classical anatomic landmark technique. Therefore, it should be preferred over the classical landmark method, especially in high-risk patients for the development of complications.
532 POOR ADHERENCE TO PEGYLATED-INTERFERON AND RIBAVIRIN IS A MAJOR CONCERN IN THE TREATMENT OF RECURRENT HEPATITIS C AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION: EVIDENCE FROM THE RECOLT-C GROUP
Authors: D. Di Paolo, F.R. Ponziani, S. Fagiuoli, R. Viganò, R.M. Iemmolo, M.F. Ponato, M. Rendina, M. Cescon, P. Toniutto, L. Miglioresi, E. De Martin, M. Merli, G. Tisone, M. Angelico
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Infancy-Onset Cystic Fibrosis–Related Diabetes
Authors: Inessa M. Gelfand, Erica A. Eugster, Nadine G. Haddad
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder characterized by hyperviscous secretions and progressive obstructive end organ damage. Common presentations include meconium ileus, recurrent pulmonary infections, and failure to thrive. Although cystic fibrosis–related diabetes (CFRD) usually presents in the 2nd decade of life, it has been reported in children as young as 2 years (1). Here we present a 7-month-old infant who had CFRD at the time of presentation with cystic fibrosis.

A 7-month-old Caucasian male presented for evaluation of failure to thrive despite adequate intake of high-calorie formula. He was born at term but …
ROENTGEN-RAY OBSERVATIONS IN ACUTE PERINEPHRITIC ABSCESS
Authors: Philip J. Lipsett
Journal: JAMA (1928)

The diagnosis of acute perinephritic abscess, while comparatively simple, has at times baffled the keenest clinicians. Whether this condition is primary or secondary to a focus in the kidney is beyond the scope of this communication. In either case (acute perinephritic abscess or metastatic pyogenic infection of the kidney proper), the onset is usually sudden and is ushered in by a chilly sensation or even by a severe chill. The temperature is high (from 103 to 104 F.) from the very inception of the disease. The clinical picture is that of a severe toxemia plus the local signs, such as localized pain in the costovertebral angle of the side involved. This pain is of utmost diagnostic significance particularly when it is intensified on pressure. If in addition to these signs there is a history of a recent superficial pyogenic infection, evidence of which may still be present, a diagnosis
The Impact of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome on Patterns of Premature Death in New York City
Authors: Alan R. Kristal
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This report examines the impact of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) on patterns of mortality among persons aged 15 to 64 years in New York City. The New York City AIDS surveillance registry was matched to the New York City vital statistics registry to identify deaths caused by AIDS. In 1984, the AIDS mortality rate per 100,000 persons aged 15 to 64 years was 42.2 for males and 5.3 for females. Analyzed by five-year age groups, AIDS was among the five leading causes of death for males aged 25 to 54 years, and the leading cause of death for males aged 30 to 39 years. For females, AIDS was the fourth leading cause of death for women aged 25 to 29 years, and the second leading cause for women aged 30 to 34 years. Almost 10% of the years of potential life lost to males aged 15 to 64 years was due to AIDS, and for females, 3.6%. For both men and women in the highest-risk age group, 20 to 44 years, blacks and Hispanics had higher mortality rates than Asians or whites. The higher mortality in blacks and Hispanics is believed to be related to a higher prevalence of drug abuse in these populations and not to ethnicity per se. These findings document the enormous increases in premature mortality attributable to AIDS.
AIR TRANSPORTS IN THE AGE OF STEMI SYSTEM REGIONALIZATION
Authors: B. Hadley Wilson, Angela D. Humphrey, Robert H. Haber, William E. Downey, John C. Cedarholm, Glen J. Kowalchuk, Michael J. Rinaldi, Kevin M. Collier, Patricia M. Pye, Denise A. Miller, Jennifer Sarafin, Mason Ellerbe, J. Lee Garvey
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Characterisation of a novel proteolytic enzyme localised to goblet cells in rat and man.
Authors: E Nexo, S S Poulsen, S N Hansen, P Kirkegaard, P S Olsen
Journal: Gut (1984)

A proteolytic enzyme, ingobsin , purified from rat duodenal extracts is shown to be localised to intestinal goblet cells of both man and rat. Enzyme positive cells decrease in number from duodenum to colon. The enzyme is a 33 000 Mr protein with an isoelectric point of 5.1. The pH optimum for enzymatic activity is 7.4-8.0. Based on substrate specificity for arg-x, lys-x and to a lesser degree tyr-x, on the effect of diisopropylphosphorofluoride , Trasylol and phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride and on proteolytic activity towards intact proteins, ingobsin is classified as a serine proteinase with endoproteolytic activity.
Conformational consequences of cooperative binding of a coiled-coil peptide motif to poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide) HPMA copolymers
Authors: Peter C. Griffiths, Alison Paul, Bojana Apostolovic, Harm-Anton Klok, Edoardo de Luca, Stephen M. King, Richard K. Heenan
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2011)
Diabetic Nephropathy: Management of the end-stage patient
Authors: Mariana S Markell, Eli A Friedman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Diabetic nephropathy is currently the leading cause of new patients requiring dialysis in the United States. Management of the diabetic patient with ESRD is complicated by the frequent coexistence of complications affecting other organ systems, including retinopathy, cardiovascular disease, peripheral neuropathy, or autonomic neuropathy, manifested as gastroparesis, diarrhea or obstipation, cystopathy, or orthostatic hypotension. Associated clinical syndromes must be followed and treated, if possible, while preparing the patient to receive renal replacement therapy. Both the clinical condition and the psychosocial environment are key factors in choice of ESRD therapy for an individual patient. Rehabilitation data are best for patients who undergo kidney transplantation, but these data are confounded by the fact that the healthiest patients are referred for this treatment modality. Living, related kidney transplant is the preferred initial choice for the diabetic patient with kidney disease. At most centers, both in the United States and abroad, the cadaveric transplant is the second choice for uremia therapy. At the appropriate institution, the patient with type I diabetes may also be considered for a simultaneous cadaveric pancreas transplant. While awaiting cadaveric transplantation, or if contraindication to transplantation is present (chronic infection, recent malignancy, or severe cardiac disease), diabetic patients with severe impairment of the glomerular filtration rate (&amp;lt; 10–15 ml/min) are referred for vascular access placement and/or insertion of a peritoneal catheter. The decision regarding the choice of CAPD vs. hemodialysis must be made on an individual basis. Rehabilitation and survival data for these therapies are similar, although technique survival rates for CAPD decline dramatically as time progresses because of infectious complications. In-center hemodialysis has the worst survival and rehabilitation profile, but the sickest, most debilitated patients with the highest number of comorbid conditions tend to be referred for that therapeutic modality. Most studies of rehabilitation were performed before use of recombinant human erythropoietin, and comparison between ESRD treatment modalities will have to be reevaluated now that the drug is routinely used.
Vaccination Against Measles: Part III. Clinical Trial in British Children
Authors: I. R. Aldous, B. H. Kirman, N. Butler, A. P. Goffe, G. D. Laurence, T. M. Pollock
Journal: BMJ (1961)

The studies of measles vaccine in the United States reported by Katz et al. (1960a, 1960b) included children living in institutions.Vaccination against measles is likely to have a special application in these circum- stances, where measles may be associated with serious morbidity and a high mortality.In this investigation the clinical and antibody response to three vaccines has been studied among mentally deficient children at the Fountain Hospital, Tooting.London, and at Queen Mary's Hospital, Carshalton, Surrey.These hospitals together provide accommoda- tion for 600 severely subnormal children in the imbecile and idiot range.They were especially suitable for the study since close medical supervision was possible throughout. ProcedureIn December, 1960, samples of serum were taken from 107 children and examined for measles neutralizing
Redundant and Alternative Roles for Activating Fc Receptors and Complement in an Antibody-Dependent Model of Autoimmune Vitiligo
Authors: Jiri Trcka, Yoichi Moroi, Raphael A Clynes, Stacie M Goldberg, Amy Bergtold, Miguel-Angel Perales, Minghe Ma, Cristina R Ferrone, Michael C Carroll, Jeffrey V Ravetch, Alan N Houghton
Journal: Immunity (2002)
Association of risk factor variables and coronary artery disease documented with angiography.
Authors: D R Holmes, L R Elveback, R L Frye, B A Kottke, R D Ellefson
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Stepwise linear discrimination was used to analyze risk factors in 431 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography to determine which variables were most closely associated with coronary artery disease. Twenty-one risk factors were considered: total plasma cholesterol and triglycerides; the cholesterol and triglyceride content of high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL); and the percentage of total cholesterol and triglycerides in each fraction. Age, smoking history, family history, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and relative weight were also considered. Coronary artery disease was assessed using three standard grading scores. There were significant differences in risk factors between males and females. In males, LDL cholesterol and age were selected by multivariate analysis. In females, the ratio of HDL cholesterol to total cholesterol, as well as relative weight, family history, age and smoking were selected. The discriminating value of HDL cholesterol as the percentage of total cholesterol was significantly greater than that of HDL cholesterol itself. Despite highly significant associations between risk factors and the presence of coronary artery disease, the discrimination did not provide sufficient separation of the groups to give results that are useful diagnostically in individual patients.
Adverse effects of herbal drugs in dermatology
Authors: E. Ernst
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Herbal treatments are becoming increasingly popular, and are often used for dermatological conditions. Thus dermatologists should know about their potential to cause adverse events. This review is aimed at addressing this area in a semisystematic fashion. Some agents, particularly Chinese herbal creams, have been shown repeatedly to be adulterated with corticosteroids. Virtually all herbal remedies can cause allergic reactions and several can be responsible for photosensitization. Some herbal medicines, in particular Ayurvedic remedies, contain arsenic or mercury that can produce typical skin lesions. Other popular remedies that can cause dermatological side‐effects include St John's Wort, kava, aloe vera, eucalyptus, camphor, henna and yohimbine. Finally, there are some herbal treatments used specifically for dermatological conditions, e.g. Chinese oral herbal remedies for atopic eczema, which have the potential to cause systemic adverse effects. It is concluded that adverse effects of herbal medicines are an important albeit neglected subject in dermatology, which deserves further systematic investigation.