tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The organ procurement problem: many causes, no easy solutions
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Participants at the Second International Symposium on Organ Procurement, held in 1985 in Detroit, addressed one of the principal problems of organ transplantation: the shortage of suitable donor organs. Several factors were identified as contributing to the shortage--failure to make provision before death for donation, refusal of requests for donation by families of suitable donors, failure of hospital personnel to request donation, inability to match available organs with recipients, and improper organ allocation. The participants rejected adopting a presumed consent policy and advocated laws now being enacted in several states requiring hospital personnel routinely to request donation from family members of suitable brain dead patients.
Making many small changes can result in quality improvement
Authors: T. Wilson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

EDITOR—David Fillingham, the chief executive of the Modernisation Agency, comments that the staff in the NHS want to change but are too busy to do so.1 We would draw attention to that expert on management and quality improvement, A A Milne.

Predating the work of Deming,2 Berwick,3 and others, …
Oral Facial Dyskinesia Associated with Prolonged Use of Antihistaminic Decongestants
Authors: Bradley T. Thach, Thomas N. Chase, James F. Bosma
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

ANTIHISTAMINIC-sympathomimetic drug combinations, widely used for symptomatic treatment of upper-respiratory-tract congestion, are considered to have few serious side effects. In the following case...
Autoimmune induction of a COPD-like inflammatory phenotype in mice
Authors: Nadja Baumgartl, Holger Garn, Agnieszka Turowska, Norbert Weissmann
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a life-threatening lung disease associated with chronic inflammation. Tobacco smoke exposure has been identified as most common cause, but the pathogenetic mechanisms are still poorly understood. Recent studies suggest that autoimmune mechanisms, probably directed against degraded components of the extracellular matrix, contribute to induction and/or perpetuation of the disease-underlying inflammatory processes. Therefore, we hypothesized that experimental induction of an autoimmune response to elastin may result in a COPD-like inflammatory phenotype in the lungs of mice.  To test this hypothesis, we initially immunized C57Bl/6 mice to bovine elastin (69.8 % homology to mouse elastin) and applied several booster immunizations using a mixture of bovine and rat elastin (86.3 % homology). We analyzed the development of mouse elastin-specific autoantibodies and characterized the induction of an inflammatory response in the lungs. Over time, increasing titers of anti-mouse-elastin IgG antibodies were detected indicating a successful induction of an autoimmune response. Additionally, increased lymphocyte levels were observed in the bronchoalveolar lavage and in lung homogenates. Histologically, peripheral inflammatory foci comparable to those observed in lungs of COPD patients as well as peribronchial inflammation processes were observed.  To evaluate the potential role of Th1 cells and their transcription factor T-bet Tbet-/- mice will be tested in this model. Moreover, the model will be combined with continuous cigarette-smoke exposure to analyze the role of smoke-induced extracellular matrix degradation on the perpetuation of already established autoimmune processes.
Antiproliferative Potencies of Interferons on Melanoma Cell Lines and Xenografts: Higher Efficacy of Interferon β
Authors: T G Johns, I R Mackay, K A Callister, P J Hertzog, R J Devenish, A W Linnane
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Antiproliferative Potencies of Interferons on Melanoma Cell Lines and Xenografts: Higher Efficacy of Interferon β Get access Terrance G. Johns, Terrance G. Johns Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ian R. Mackay, Ian R. Mackay Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kerry A. Callister, Kerry A. Callister Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Paul J. Hertzog, Paul J. Hertzog Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rodney J. Devenish, Rodney J. Devenish Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Anthony W. Linnance Anthony W. Linnance Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 15, 5 August 1992, Pages 1185–1190, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.15.1185 Published: 05 August 1992 Article history Received: 14 June 1991 Revision received: 06 May 1992 Accepted: 07 May 1992 Published: 05 August 1992
Hypercarotenaemia in a tomato soup faddist.
Authors: M. Gandhi, S. Walton, E. H. Wyatt
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Hypercarotenaemia in a tomato soup faddist A 24 year old woman presented with orange-yellow discoloration of her skin, most noticeable on her paLms and soles.Dietary assessment showed that her total daily intake of carotene was 9200 Rg, over half of which came from
A randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation of a referrals facilitator between primary care and the voluntary sector
Authors: C. Grant
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To compare outcome and resource utilisation among patients referred to the Amalthea Project, a liaison organisation that facilitates contact between voluntary organisations and patients in primary care, with patients receiving routine general practitioner care. <b>Design:</b> Randomised controlled trial with follow up at one and four months. <b>Setting:</b> 26 general practices in Avon. <b>Participants:</b> 161 patients identified by their general practitioner as having psychosocial problems. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Primary outcomes were psychological wellbeing (assessed with the hospital anxiety and depression scale) and social support (assessed using the Duke-UNC functional social support questionnaire). Secondary outcomes were quality of life measures (the Dartmouth COOP/WONCA functional health assessment charts and the delighted-terrible faces scale), cost of contacts with the primary healthcare team and Amalthea Project, cost of prescribing in primary care, and cost of referrals to other agencies, over four months. <b>Results:</b> The Amalthea group showed significantly greater improvements in anxiety (average difference between groups after adjustment for baseline −1.9, 95% confidence interval −3.0 to −0.7), other emotional feelings (average adjusted difference −0.5, −0.8 to −0.2), ability to carry out everyday activities (−0.5, −0.8 to −0.2), feelings about general health (−0.4, −0.7 to −0.1), and quality of life (−0.5, −0.9 to −0.1). No difference was detected in depression or perceived social support. The mean cost was significantly greater in the Amalthea arm than the general practitioner care arm (£153 <i>v</i> £133, P=0.025). <b>Conclusion:</b> Referral to the Amalthea Project and subsequent contact with the voluntary sector results in clinically important benefits compared with usual general practitioner care in managing psychosocial problems, but at a higher cost.
SURGICAL INTERFERENCE IN FRACTURES OF THE SPINE.
Authors: N. P. DANDRIDGE
Journal: JAMA (1889)

My first duty is to express my appreciation of the honor I have received in being selected to preside over the meetings of this Section. This honor brings with it, however, the embarassing conviction that I lack many of the qualifications necessary and essential for properly carrying out the work for which I have been chosen. The ready co-operation that I have received in the effort to organize the work of the Section, and the great interest manifested in its success on all sides have contributed to make the experience of the past months among the pleasantest of my life, and I only trust that in looking back upon the completion of our meeting you may all be able to regard it with equal satisfaction. When I consider the characters of the papers you will listen to, and remember the prominence of their authors, and the large amount of learning
Recognizing Iodine Deficiency in Iodine-Replete Environments
Authors: Ebenezer A. Nyenwe, Samuel Dagogo-Jack
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

To the Editor: Iodine-deficiency disorders are prevalent in regions with low iodine levels but have generally been eliminated in affluent countries through the widespread use of iodized salt.1–4 We report on two women, both lifelong residents of the United States, in whom iodine-deficiency disorders developed. Patient 1 presented with goiter and symptoms of hypothyroidism. Examination of the neck confirmed a diffusely enlarged thyroid gland (approximately 50 g); hypothyroidism was confirmed biochemically (Table 1). A radioactive iodine study, performed before her referral for endocrine evaluation, was reportedly “consistent with hyperthyroidism.” The latter finding, together with a history of avoidance of . . .
Silicone Gel Breast Implants
Authors: Brian D. Kent
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —Dr Kessler and colleagues label the recommendation for patient choice of breast implants by the CSA insupportable and call the practice of implanting silicone gel implants an abrogation of responsibility on the part of physicians. 1   Kessler et al cite recent studies to support their concern for systemic adverse health effects of silicone. What they do not mention is that another recent animal  demonstrated no adjuvant effect of silicone on the immune system. 2 Furthermore, many human studies from around the world have failed to show a connection between silicone gel implants and clinical evidence of rheumatic disease. 3,4   Kessler et al repeatedly explain the FDA's legal responsibility to demonstrate a medical device is safe. Safety is subjective, a weighing of the balance of risks and benefits. The FDA's adjunct study allows silicone gel implants to be used in women after mastectomy, with congenital or traumatic
Developmental change of chironomid allergen during metamorphosis
Authors: H. Matsuoka, A. Ishii, J. Y. Kimura, S. Noono
Journal: Allergy (1990)

The development of allergen during metamorphosis of chironomids, Chironomus yoshimatsui and Tokunagayusurika akamusi , was studied by means of ELISA inhibition with pooled serum containing high titer of specific IgE to each adult midge. Extracts of C. yoshimatsui larvae and pupae did not inhibit the specific IgE antibody to adult C. yoshimatsui. Mature adult C. yoshimatsui extract had about 10 times more inhibitory substance than the young adult. Hemoglobin, however, was degraded during the metamorphosis as measured by spectrophotometry and HPLC. The inhibitory substance against specific IgE antibody to adult T. akamusi was identified as highest in female body, less in egg, and even less in wing, leg and male body. The size of the substance in egg and female body was estimated at &gt; 500 kD of molecular weight.
Abstract 2030: Wnt/beta-catenin signaling acts as a master regulator of microRNA-181 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Junfang Ji, Taro Yamashita, Hongjun Liu, Toren Finkel, Xin Wei Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant cancer with the observable heterogeneity and microRNAs (miRNAs) are functional associated with the tumorignesis of HCC. We recently identified that a group of HCC cells isolated with epithelial cell adhesion molecular (EpCAM) antibody are hepatic cancer stem cells (CSCs). In EpCAM+ hepatic CSCs, all miR-181 family members are highly expressed and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is activated. Here, we investigated whether Wnt/beta-catenin signaling could regulate miR-181s expression in HCC. We first detected the association of beta-catenin and miR-181s expression in vitro and in vivo, and found that they were positively correlated. Further, the expression of miR-181s was induced following the activation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling by the employment of Wnt10B conditioned media, LiCl, and transfection of beta-catenin and Tcf4. Meanwhile, the level of miR-181s was decreased after the inactivation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling with induction of adenomatosis polyposis coli and transfection of beta-catenin siRNA. Moreover, we found Tcf4 associated with the promoter region of miR-181a-2 and miR-181b-2, in which there existed 7 classic Tcf4 binding elements. Taken together, our data indicate that miR-181s could be activated by Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and the transcript of miR-181a-2 and miR-181b-2 is a novel target of Tcf4/beta-catenin complex in HCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2030.
Enforced expression of Lin28b leads to impaired T-cell development, release of inflammatory cytokines, and peripheral T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Sarah H. Beachy, Masahiro Onozawa, Yang Jo Chung, Chris Slape, Sven Bilke, Princy Francis, Marbin Pineda, Robert L. Walker, Paul Meltzer, Peter D. Aplan
Journal: Blood (2012)
Role of taurocholic acid in production of gastric mucosal damage after ingestion of aspirin.
Authors: K M Cochran, J F Mackenzie, R I Russell
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The possibility that aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage may occur more readily in the presence of bile has been studied in man using measurement of transmucosal electrical potential difference as a marker of disruption of the gastric mucosal barrier. After the introduction of acetylsalicylic acid (600 mg) in suspension to seven subjects the mean electrical potential difference (plus or minus S.E. of mean) fell significantly from -33-3 plus or minus 2-0 mV to - 17-1 plus or minus 2-1 mV, and after the introduction of taurocholic acid (5 mmol/1) to seven other subjects the electrical potential difference fell significantly from -38-1 plus or minus 3-0 mV to-19-1 plus or minus 3-4 mV, the mean duration of these changes being 14-4 and 17-5 minutes respectively. When a combination of acetylsalicylic acid and taurocholic acid was introduced to eight subjects the mean electrical potential difference also fell significantly from -38-6 plus or minus 1-8 mV to -17-9 plus or minus 1-8 mV, but mean duration of this change (27 minutes) was significantly longer than that found after acetylsalicylic acid or taurocholic acid alone. These results indicate that the ingestion of aspirin, together with coincidental reflux of bile from duodenum, may be a factor in the pathogenesis of aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage.
Cardiovascular Effects of Pulmonary Exposure to Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Zheng Li, Tracy Hulderman, Rebecca Salmen, Rebecca Chapman, Stephen S. Leonard, Shih-Houng Young, Anna Shvedova, Michael I. Luster, Petia P. Simeonova
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Engineered nanosized materials, such as single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), are emerging as technologically important in different industries.The unique physical characteristics and the pulmonary toxicity of SWCNTs raised concerns that respiratory exposure to these materials may be associated with cardiovascular adverse effects.In these studies we evaluated aortic mitochondrial alterations by oxidative stress assays, including quantitative polymerase chain reaction of mitochondrial (mt) DNA and plaque formation by morphometric analysis in mice exposed to SWCNTs.A single intrapharyngeal instillation of SWCNTs induced activation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a marker of oxidative insults, in lung, aorta, and heart tissue in HO-1 reporter transgenic mice. Furthermore, we found that C57BL/6 mice, exposed to SWCNT (10 and 40 mug/mouse), developed aortic mtDNA damage at 7, 28, and 60 days after exposure. mtDNA damage was accompanied by changes in aortic mitochondrial glutathione and protein carbonyl levels. Because these modifications have been related to cardiovascular diseases, we evaluated whether repeated exposure to SWCNTs (20 mug/mouse once every other week for 8 weeks) stimulates the progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE(-/-) transgenic mice. Although SWCNT exposure did not modify the lipid profiles of these mice, it resulted in accelerated plaque formation in ApoE(-/-) mice fed an atherogenic diet. Plaque areas in the aortas, measured by the en face method, and in the brachiocephalic arteries, measured histopathologically, were significantly increased in the SWCNT-treated mice. This response was accompanied by increased mtDNA damage but not inflammation.Taken together, the findings are of sufficient significance to warrant further studies to evaluate the systemic effects of SWCNT under workplace or environmental exposure paradigms.
Modeling Cadmium Exposures in Low- and High-Exposure Areas in Thailand
Authors: Soisungwan Satarug, Witaya Swaddiwudhipong, Werawan Ruangyuttikarn, Muneko Nishijo, Patricia Ruiz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Previous U.S. population modeling studies have reported that urinary cadmium (Cd) excretion patterns differ with age, sex, and dietary exposure; associations between Cd exposures and health outcomes also have differed by age and sex. Therefore, it is important to test models used to estimate Cd exposures across an expanded Cd-exposure range.We estimated relative Cd exposures from both diet and smoking in low- and high-exposure scenarios to provide data for improving risk assessment calculations.We used a Cd toxicokinetic-based model to estimate Cd exposures based on urinary Cd levels measured for 399 persons in a low-exposure area (Bangkok) and 6,747 persons in a high-exposure area (Mae Sot) in Thailand.In Bangkok, we estimated dietary Cd exposures of 50-56 µg/day for males and 21-27 µg/day for females 20-59 years of age who never smoked. In Mae Sot, we estimated dietary Cd exposures of 188-224 µg/day for males and 99-113 µg/day for females 20-59 years of age who never smoked. In Bangkok, we estimated Cd exposures from smoking to be 5.5-20.4 µg/day for male smokers 20-59 years of age. In Mae Sot, we estimated Cd exposures from smoking to be 9.8-26 µg/day for male heavy smokers and 26 µg/day for female heavy smokers.This study provides estimates of Cd exposures from diet and smoking in low- and high-exposure scenarios. Our findings suggest a relatively small safety margin between the established tolerable Cd reference exposure of 62 µg/day and exposure levels previously associated with evidence of kidney and bone effects in Mae Sot residents, where dietary Cd exposures among women were only 1.6-2.1 times the reference value.
Haemangiosarcomatosis: Two Cases Presenting as Haematological Problems
Authors: M. S. Bourne, T. A. Cook
Journal: BMJ (1965)

The attitude of the medical profession in this country against circumcision has hardened in recent years, so much so that sincere and reasonable requests by the parents are sometimes turned down, which may cause distress and result in the mother canvassing other doctors or hospitals in search of a willing surgeon. The parents' desire for their baby to be cir cumcised may be based on firmly held beliefs concerning hygiene, national or religious convictions, or a desire for con formity among the males of the family. Our policy in such cases is to perform the operation if the parents still request it after a frank discussion of the medical viewpoint. Summary
Rumination — A Near Fatal Psychiatric Disease of Infancy
Authors: Manfred Menking, John G. Wagnitz, Josef J. Burton, R. Dean Coddington, Juan F. Sotos
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Abstract A six-and-a-half-month-old male infant received an intensive diagnostic evaluation for life-threatening persistent vomiting. The correct diagnosis of rumination was missed for a month. His mother was found to be schizophrenic. Striking improvement resulted from kindness and affectionate care. The observations confirm that a disturbed emotional maternal-child relation is the cause of this disorder.
Air Embolism During Pneumoperitoneum Treatment
Authors: D. Burman
Journal: Thorax (1956)

Air embolism is the most dramatic complication of artificial pneumoperitoneum.Little is known, however, of its incidence, its mortality rate or the relative risks of induction and refill.This paper discusses these problems and the methods of prevention and treatment most likely to be successful.The material consists of six newly reported cases and 47 cases collected from the literature.The six original cases occurred during the year ending October 31, 1953, in the practice of Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.During this time 53,534 refills and 926 inductions were given in the course of pneumoperitoneum treatment.Of the refills 89.4% and of the inductions 75.5% were performed on out-patients.The 47 cases from the literature are analysed in Table I, from which the cases of Aslett and Jarman (1945) have deliberately been omitted, as it is doubtful if they are cases of air embolism (Lancet, 1945).The case described by Burgos (1946) has also been omitted, as I have been unable to obtain a copy of this paper, and I have no doubt several other cases have been omitted inadvertently.CASE REPORTS CASE 1.-A Chinese man aged 29 had a pneumoperitoneum induced on November 3, 1952, for cavitating tuberculosis of the right upper lobe with bronchogenic spread to both lungs.On December 3, 1952, for his fifth refill, a Morland's needle was inserted into the lateral border of the left rectus sheath above the umbili- cus.The initial pressure was recorded as 15 cm. of water whereas on previous occasions it had been 10 cm.Air, 600 ml., was given by a Maxwell apparatus and, as the pressure then recorded was 18 cm. of water, the refill was stopped.On rising from the couch, he imme- diately fell to the floor unconscious and had a tonic fit.When placed on the couch again the jaws were tightly clenched, the airway was obstructed, and he became cyanosed although the pulse was full and of normal rhythm.When the jaw relaxed, the cyanosis rapidly disappeared and within 10 minutes of the onset he had regained consciousness although he was still disorien-