tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Low blood pressure and wellbeing.
Authors: J A Pilgrim, M Crawford
Journal: BMJ (1993)

research for the first comprehensive national study of police surgeons.Our researches confirm that intoxication is implicated in many call outs.However, it was often not the prime reason for the call out, typically occurring in combination with other factors, usually some form of physical injury.In cases focusing on fitness to be detained it was the injury rather than the intoxication that was the prime reason for the call out.In cases involving the assessment of fitness to be interviewed, mental state assumed a greater importance.Overall, injury and assault accounted directly for 36% of consultations and alcohol for 19%.This finding concurs with the personal study of Payne-James.' With regard to the assessment of fitness for interview, a key issue is the need for any standardised approach to incorporate a record of the reasons for particular decisions.We believe that the present system within the Metropolitan Police District carries a potential for discrepancy between custody records, surgeons' notes, and records of a surgeon's attendance.Only a minority of police surgeons' decisions subsequently receive in depth scrutiny and our work found no reason to doubt the quality of the service, but this shortcoming should be addressed.
Autosomal Dominant Osteopetrosis: Bone Metabolism and Epidemiological, Clinical, and Hormonal Aspects*
Authors: JENS BOLLERSLEV
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1989)

AN ADULT with diffuse radiological osteosclerosis, enlarged corticalis, narrowed marrow space, and associated multiple fractures was described as a new clinical entity for the first time by Albers-Schönberg in 1904 (1). In the following decades patients with varying degrees of osteosclerosis and symptoms were designated Albers-Schönbergs disease or marble bone disease. Later the term osteopetrosis was introduced (2). Many patients with osteosclerosis, presumably secondary to generalized conditions, were initially recorded as having osteopetrosis (2). The reported cases of what might have been primarily osteopetrosis were very serious, were seen in childhood, and were often associated with consanguinity, indicating a recessive trait. Later, when radiological examinations were more common, patients with a more benign history were discovered with increasing frequency; these patients revealed a family history in accordance with an autosomal dominantly inherited condition. Johnston et al. (3) emphasized a true subdivision into two different types: 1) A malignant, autosomal recessive type, and 2) a mild, autosomal dominant inherited type. Intermediate forms with a rather mild course but autosomal recessive inheritance have recently been described (4–6). The diagnosis is based on characteristic radiological manifestations (sine qua non), which based on the existing descriptions (3, 7–9) will be defined in the present study as: Diffuse osteosclerosis, primarily involving the axial skeleton, but with symmetrical effects on the long bones, with little or no modeling defects.
PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION FOR ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME COMPARISON BETWEEN WEEKEND VERSUS WEEKDAY PRESENTATION
Authors: Satoshi Mogi, Shun Kohsaka, Hiroaki Miyata, Akio Kawamura, Shigetaka Noma, Masahiro Suzuki, Takashi Koyama, Shiro Ishikawa, Yukihiro Momiyama, Susumu Nakagawa, Koichiro Sueyoshi, Shunsuke Takagi, Toshiyuki Takahashi, Shinichi Takamoto, Satoshi Ogawa, Keiichi Fukuda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Bioinformatic Analysis Of Epithelial Cell Gene Expression In Chronic Rhinosinusitis Identifies Constitutive Differences Between CRSwNP And CRSsNP
Authors: M. Desrosiers, L. Mfuna-Endam, C. Divoy, A. Filali-Mouhim, M. Tessier, V. Mongrain, Y. Berthiamue, S. Rousseau
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
A Case of Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome Developing After Hemi-Colectomy
Authors: K. Ikeda, Y. Sannohe, H. Murayama
Journal: Endoscopy (1981)

A 57-year-old male presented with abrupt melena. Numerous polypoid lesions were found in the stomach and colon accompanied by characteristic ectodermal changes of the Cronkhite Canada syndrome. He had undergone a left side hemicolectomy for colon cancer 3 years previously. Two months after the operation, he had noticed hyperpigmentation of the skin, alopecia and chronic diarrhea. Subsequently, after 8 months, the presence of numerous polypoid lesions in the remnant colon and the rectum was established. This is the first reported case in which features of the Cronkhite-Canada syndrome have developed after resection for colon cancer.
Governments and drug companies pledge to eliminate 10 neglected tropical diseases by 2020
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Public and private sector partners—including the governments of the United Kingdom, the United States, and the United Arab Emirates; 13 drug companies; and Microsoft founder Bill Gates—have pledged to work together towards the elimination of 10 neglected tropical diseases by 2020.

The partners signed the London declaration, which is based on the World Health Organization’s roadmap on neglected tropical diseases, which itself set a plan to eliminate or control 17 diseases affecting more than one billion people around the world ( BMJ 2010;341:c5855, doi:10.1136/bmj.c5855).

The signatories to the declaration have pledged to ensure the supply of drugs and other interventions to eradicate Guinea worm disease by 2015 and eliminate lymphatic filariasis, …
Hormone Use, Reproductive History, and Risk of Lung Cancer: The Women’s Health Initiative Studies
Authors: Ann G. Schwartz, Roberta M. Ray, Michele L. Cote, Judith Abrams, Robert J. Sokol, Susan L. Hendrix, Chu Chen, Rowan T. Chlebowski, F. Allan Hubbell, Charles Kooperberg, JoAnn E. Manson, Mary Jo O’Sullivan, Thomas Rohan, Marcia L. Stefanick, Jean Wactawski-Wende, Heather Wakelee, Michael S. Simon
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2015)
Female-to-Male Transmission of AIDS
Authors: Harry W. Haverkos
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Redfield and colleagues<sup>1</sup>have provided documentation of male-to-female transmission of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III/Lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV).<sup>1</sup>Their data and the data of others reviewed below indicate that female-to-male transmission is also occurring. Female-to-male transmission, in fact, could account for an appreciable amount of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among nonrisk group members. Although the Centers for Disease Control properly claims that, "the importance of female-to-male transmission in the spread of AIDS in the United States and the role, if any, of female prostitutes in this transmission have<i>not</i>been established,<sup>2</sup>" we believe that female-to-male transmission is highly likely. We argue that heterosexual transmission of AIDS in both directions has occurred in Zaire and Haiti.<sup>3,4</sup>Although the Centers for Disease Control reports only six cases in the United States where men acquired AIDS from heterosexual contact with women who used intravenous drugs or
Hemiparesis after single minibolus of labetalol for hypertensive encephalopathy.
Authors: R Solomons
Journal: BMJ (1979)

cation of prostaglandin E2 in various vehicles.Our own work involving over 500 patients who had a single insertion of 4 mg or 5 mg of PGE2 tablets (Prostin, Upjohn Limited) vaginally showed that about 70O0 of patients went into labour without any other intervention.'These results, like those reported recently by Mr J H Shepherd and others (14 July, p 108), are not ideal and can be improved on by seeking the optimum dose regimen, as well as the best vehicle for release of PGE2 from the many available.Until these points are established it is too soon to claim that we have the best alternative to intravenous oxitocin.
Abuse of Spouses
Authors: Diane Gabe Forney
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  The BRIEF REPORT Wife Abuse: The Diagnosis and Its Implications (240:240,1978) by Petro and associates promulgated the unusual thesis that there is justification for corporal punishment (most abused wives were unfaithful and deserved to be abused). This proposition is not only contrary to current ethical concepts, but bears no relationship to the articles cited by the authors in support of their unique idea. 1,2 As a new member of the American Medical Association, I am appalled to find such statements in this prestigious journal.
Activation of Dental Infections by Cortisone: Studies in Children with Rheumatic Fever
Authors: R. C. W. Dinsdale, K. S. Holt
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1958)

During a study of factors influencing the rebound phenomenon in rheumatic fever, a high incidence of infections, especially the dental abscess, was found in children treated with cortisone or corticotrophin (Holt, 1956).These dental lesions showed several unusual features, and so that more could be learnt about them and their relationship to the rebound phenomenon, 34 children treated for rheumatic fever since January, 1956, were observed carefully.These children were a consecutive unselected series of patients admitted to the Children's Hospital, Sheffield, under the care of Professor R. S. Illingworth.None was specifically referred because of dental trouble as well as rheumatic fever.No child who satisfied the criteria for the diagnosis of rheu- matic fever and received treatment was omitted from this study.There were fifteen boys and nineteen girls, aged from 5 to 14 years.Cortisone was given to all the children in the following dosage: Day Amount (mg./day) 1 300 2-4 200 5-21 100 22-55 75 26-90 50 26 of the children also received salicylates.Treatment with cortisone or with cortisone and salicylates was continued until the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (E.S.R.), determined weekly, had been normal for three consecutive readings.The
REFLEX ATROPHY AND CONTRACTURE OF THE PENIS FOLLOWING HERNIORRHAPHY
Authors: GEORGE WILSON
Journal: JAMA (1924)

During the late war, new nervous disorders were described, and previously reported conditions were again brought to light. Perhaps none of these conditions caused more comment, especially by the French, than the so-called reflex paralyses. Roussy<sup>1</sup>gave the name of "the dyskinetic syndrome" to this condition. Babinski<sup>2</sup>proposed that the phenomena be called physiopathic—"a term intended to express the idea that, on the one hand, neither hysteria nor any other psychopathic state can produce them, and, on the other hand, that, while indicating a physical and material disorder of the nervous system, they do not appear to correspond to any lesion which can be detected by the methods at our disposal." Reflex paralysis develops after wounds or injuries of the limbs, and sometimes after frost bite; the bones and joints are often not involved. The syndrome frequently comes on in cases in which an extremity has been transfixed
Adherence of Cyanoacrylate which Leaked from Gastric Varices to the Left Renal Vein During Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy: A Histopathologic Study
Authors: A. Irisawa, K. Obara, Y. Sato, A. Saito, H. Orikasa, H. Ohira, H. Sakamoto, T. Sasajima, T. Rai, H. Odajima, M. Abe, R. Kasukawa
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

We report a case involving leakage of cyanoacrylate (CA) to the inferior vena cava (IVC) through a gastrorenal shunt and left renal vein. A 72-year-old man with liver cirrhosis was admitted to our hospital to undergo emergency treatment for massive hemorrhage of gastric varices. Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) using CA was performed on the varices. Radiographic fluoroscopy revealed that most of the injected CA had adhered firmly to the gastric varices, but a certain portion of the CA had flowed to the IVC through the gastrorenal shunt and left renal vein. At that point, the patient did not complain of any symptoms. However, 6 months later, he died of hepatic failure and an autopsy was performed. Histopathologic examination of the wall of the IVC and renal vein, to which CA had adhered, revealed that the CA was covered with endothelial cells of the vessel and no nearby thrombus was present. Long-term anticoagulant therapy may not be indicated in cases of leakage of CA from the gastric varices to other veins, since the leaked CA may be readily covered with endothelium without thrombus formation as in our patient. It is possible for CA to flow to the IVC and have a fatal impact. Our patient was fortunate, and for safe EIS it is important that these complications are prevented.
Exercise-Induced Muscle Uptake of Technetium-99m MDP
Authors: RENE P. DuCRET, ROBERT J. BOUDREAU, JEFFREY B. BLOCK, PAUL R. JENSEN, MERLE K. LOKEN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Intense muscle localization of Tc-99m MDP to upper extremity musculature was noted three days following weight lifting exercises. This phenomenon is due to an unknown mechanism although several causative factors have been suggested.
Combined intervention of soy isoflavone and moderate exercise prevents body fat elevation and bone loss in ovariectomized mice
Authors: Jian Wu, Xinxiang Wang, Hiroshige Chiba, Mitsuru Higuchi, Teruyo Nakatani, Osamu Ezaki, Hongbin Cui, Kazuhiko Yamada, Yoshiko Ishimi
Journal: Metabolism (2004)
Was Young's syndrome caused by exposure to mercury in childhood?
Authors: W F Hendry, R P A'Hern, P J Cole
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To determine whether the incidence of chronic sinusitis, bronchitis, or bronchiectasis in men with obstructive azoospermia (Young9s syndrome) has fallen in men born after 1955 when calomel (mercurous chloride) was removed from teething powders and worm medication in the United Kingdom. DESIGN--A prospective study of aetiological factors in subfertile men with epididymal obstruction operated on between 1975 and 1993. SETTING--Central London. SUBJECTS--274 men with obstructive azoospermia undergoing epididymovasostomy; date of birth was recorded and illness in childhood, persistent nasal or respiratory symptoms, and previous urinary or genital infection were asked about. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Site of epididymal block and association with possible aetiological factors, related to date of birth. RESULTS--146 men had hold up in the head of the epididymis (capital blocks): 119 (82%) had Young9s syndrome, and 11 gave a definite history of pink disease (mercury intoxication) in childhood. 128 had obstruction lower down towards the tail of the epididymis (caudal blocks): 64 (50%) had a history of genital or urinary infection, and only three had Young9s syndrome; none had had pink disease. The incidence of Young9s syndrome fell significantly from 114 (50%) of 227 men born up to 1955 to eight (17%) of 47 men born since then. CONCLUSIONS--The decline in incidence of Young9s syndrome in those born after 1955 is similar to that observed with pink disease, suggesting that both conditions may have had a similar aetiology--mercury intoxication.
The romance of balancing selection versus the sober alternatives: Let the data rule
Authors: John J. McGrath
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Schizophrenia has attracted more than its fair share of evolutionary-based theories. The theories involving balancing selection are based on the assumption that the incidence of schizophrenia is invariant across time and place. Modern epidemiology allows us to reject this dogmatic belief. Once variations in the genetic and epidemiological landscape of schizophrenia are acknowledged, more productive research models can be generated.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls Disrupt Intestinal Integrity via NADPH Oxidase-Induced Alterations of Tight Junction Protein Expression
Authors: Yean Jung Choi, Melissa J. Seelbach, Hong Pu, Sung Yong Eum, Lei Chen, Bei Zhang, Bernhard Hennig, Michal Toborek
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

BackgroundPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are widely distributed environmental toxicants that contribute to numerous disease states. The main route of exposure to PCBs is through the gastrointestinal tract; however, little is known about the effects of PCBs on intestinal epithelial barrier functions.ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to address the hypothesis that highly chlorinated PCBs can disrupt gut integrity at the level of tight junction (TJ) proteins.MethodsCaco-2 human colon adenocarcinoma cells were exposed to one of the following PCB congeners: PCB153, PCB118, PCB104, and PCB126. We then assessed NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX) activity and expression and the barrier function of Caco-2 cells. In addition, the integrity of intestinal barrier function and expression of TJ proteins were evaluated in C57BL/6 mice exposed to individual PCBs by oral gavage.ResultsExposure of Caco-2 cells to individual PCB congeners resulted in activation of NOX and increased permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled dextran (4 kDa). Treatment with PCB congeners also disrupted expression of TJ proteins zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin in Caco-2 cells. Importantly, inhibition of NOX by apocynin significantly protected against PCB-mediated increase in epithelial permeability and alterations of ZO-1 protein expression. Exposure to PCBs also resulted in alterations of gut permeability via decreased expression of TJ proteins in an intact physiological animal model.ConclusionsThese results suggest that oral exposure to highly chlorinated PCBs disrupts intestinal epithelial integrity and may directly contribute to the systemic effects of these toxicants.
Quality of Life Measurement in Antidepressant Trials
Authors: Jürgen De Fruyt, Koen Demyttenaere
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2009)

Quality of life (QoL) measurement in medicine has gone a long way. It has gained popularity as a more humanitarian outcome measurement. In this paper, a review is given of its historical backgrounds with a special focus on the use of QoL assessment in psychiatry. Different theoretical concepts are discussed. A closer look is taken at the use of QoL measurements in antidepressant trials.An analysis was performed on the use of QoL measurement in recent antidepressant trials of duloxetine and escitalopram.QoL measurement was found to have abandoned its initial purposes, and to have been used without any theoretical framework.Although frequently used in antidepressant trials, the analysis and reporting of results is virtually non-existent. It remains unclear if QoL measurement, as currently used, gives any information that is not already captured by more formal depression rating scales. The question then remains whether QoL measurement in antidepressant trials has any added value and, if so, whether this is just a story of missed opportunities.
Analysis of the adult thymus in reconstitution of T lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection
Authors: Barton F. Haynes, Laura P. Hale, Kent J. Weinhold, Dhavalkumar D. Patel, Hua-Xin Liao, Peter B. Bressler, Dawn M. Jones, James F. Demarest, Kristin Gebhard-Mitchell, Ashley T. Haase, John A. Bartlett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

A key question in understanding the status of the immune system in HIV-1 infection is whether the adult thymus contributes to reconstitution of peripheral T lymphocytes. We analyzed the thymus in adult patients who died of HIV-1 infection. In addition, we studied the clinical course of HIV-1 infection in three patients thymectomized for myasthenia gravis and determined the effect of antiretroviral therapy on CD4(+) T cells. We found that five of seven patients had thymus tissue at autopsy and that all thymuses identified had inflammatory infiltrates surrounding lymphodepleted thymic epithelium. Two of seven patients also had areas of thymopoiesis; one of these patients had peripheral blood CD4(+) T-cell levels of <50/mm3 for 51 months prior to death. Of three thymectomized patients, one rapidly progressed to AIDS, one progressed to AIDS over seven years (normal progressor), whereas the third remains asymptomatic at least seven years after seroconversion. Both latter patients had rises in peripheral blood CD4(+) T cells after antiretroviral therapy. Most patients who died of complications of HIV-1 infection did not have functional thymus tissue, and when present, thymopoiesis did not prevent prolonged lymphopenia. Thymectomy before HIV-1 infection did not preclude either peripheral CD4(+) T-cell rises or clinical responses after antiretroviral therapy.
Optimization of the Diameter of a Radial Irradiation Device for Photodynamic Therapy in the Esophagus
Authors: T. Stepinac, P. Grosjean, A. Woodtli, P. Monnier, H. van den Bergh, G. Wagnières
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a local therapeutic technique based on the photosensitization of lesions using a dye prior to light-induced tissue destruction. PDT of intraepithelial neoplasia in Barrett's esophagus, or of early squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus, requires light application devices that allow homogeneous and well-defined illumination of the tissue surface. Such devices must be large enough to induce complete unfolding of the esophagus in spite of esophageal motility and elasticity. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the optimal diameter of a cylindrical illumination device for PDT in this organ.The study included nine patients (aged 49-72 years) who underwent panendoscopy. Flexible transparent hollow tubes with diameters ranging from 13 to 19 mm were successively introduced into the esophagus, and the esophageal wall was viewed from the inside through the tube using a flexible small-diameter endoscope. The number of folds was counted. Observations of the upper, middle, and lower thirds of the esophagus were recorded. The radial location of the folds was also recorded, and defined as follows: anterior wall (up), posterior wall (down), side walls (right, left).No significant difference in the number of folds between the lower and middle parts of the esophagus was noticed. However, the upper third had significantly fewer folds (about 30 %) than the other two parts. For diameters above 17 mm, this difference was less dramatic. The number of such folds was shown to decrease with the increasing diameter of the device.It appears that 18 mm or more is the optimal diameter for a fixed-geometry cylindrical photodynamic therapy irradiating device for the patient category considered in this study. It was also observed that most folds were located on the side walls of the esophagus.