tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endothelium-Dependent Dilatation Is Impaired in Young Healthy Subjects With a Family History of Premature Coronary Disease
Authors: Peter Clarkson, David S. Celermajer, Amanda J. Powe, Ann E. Donald, Ronald M. A. Henry, John E. Deanfield
Journal: Circulation (1997)

A family history of premature coronary artery disease (CAD) in a first-degree relative is an independent risk factor for coronary disease. Both genetic and environmental influences are likely to be responsible and may interact, but their relative importance is unclear.We studied endothelial function in 50 first-degree relatives (31 men, 19 women; mean age, 25+/-8 years) of patients (men < or = 45 years, women < or = 55 years) with proven CAD. All subjects were well, lifelong nonsmokers, not diabetic, and not hypertensive and took no medications. Using high-resolution external vascular ultrasound, we measured brachial artery diameter at rest and in response to reactive hyperemia (with increased flow causing an endothelium-dependent vasodilatation) and to sublingual glyceryltrinitrate (GTN, an endothelium-independent dilator). Vascular responses were compared with those of 50 healthy control subjects matched for age and sex. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) was impaired in the family history group (4.9+/-4.6% versus 8.3+/-3.5% in control subjects, P<.005). In contrast, GTN caused dilatation in all subjects (family history, 17.1+/-8.8%; control subjects, 19.0+/-6.3%; P=NS), suggesting that reduced FMD was due to endothelial dysfunction. When the family history subjects were subdivided, those found to have a serum cholesterol > 4.2 mmol/L (group A, n=10) had mildly impaired FMD compared with control subjects (5.5+/-5.1% versus 8.3+/-3.5%). In others whose affected relative had coronary risk factors (group B, n=24), FMD was also only slightly reduced (6.2+/-4.8% versus 8.3+/-3.5%). In contrast, subjects with no risk factors and whose affected relative had a normal cardiovascular risk factor profile (group C, n=16) had markedly impaired FMD (2.9+/-3.7% versus 8.3+/-3.5%). Although ANOVA of the three family history subgroups did not reach statistical significance (F=2.55, P=.09), pairwise analysis showed that FMD in group C was significantly impaired compared with group B (P=.026).Healthy young adults with a family history of premature coronary disease may have impaired endothelium-dependent dilatation, even in the absence of other cardiovascular risk factors. Those subjects, who were free of risk factors and whose affected first-degree relative was free of risk factors, had the most impaired endothelial function, suggesting a genetic influence on early arterial physiology that may be relevant to later clinical disease.
Antiaging Movement Criticized
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Possible induction of food allergy during mite immunotherapy
Authors: R. Ree, L. Antonicelli, J. H. Akkerdaas, M. S. Garritani, R. C. Aalberse, F. Bonifazi
Journal: Allergy (1996)

Sera of 17 patients receiving immunotherapy for house-dust mite allergy were tested for IgE antibodies against snail and shrimp. Serum samples were taken at the start of immunotherapy and 14-20 months later. While the average IgE response to mite, Der p 1, and Der p 2 did not alter significantly, the average response to snail showed a significant increase. This included two conversions from negative to strongly positive. These novel IgE antibodies against snail were shown to be cross-reactive with mite. Three patients had a positive RAST for shrimp. For one of them, a strong increase of IgE against shrimp (and snail) was observed. In 2/3 snail/shrimp-positive sera, IgE antibodies against the cross-reactive allergen tropomyosin from mite, snail, and shrimp were demonstrated. A clear IgE response to snail (> 10% binding in a snail RAST) was confirmed by a positive skin prick test (SPT) for 6/10 patients. The two patients with antitropomyosin IgE also had a positive SPT for shrimp, and demonstrated the oral allergy syndrome (OAS) after eating shrimp. The observations in this study indicate that house-dust mite immunotherapy is accompanied by the induction of IgE against foods, including tropomyosin-reactive IgE. Food allergy (OAS) was observed in patients that had IgE antibodies against this cross-reactive allergen. In conclusion, induction of IgE during mite immunotherapy might occasionally cause allergy to foods of invertebrate animal origin.
Salicylates and renal function in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: H C Burry, P A Dieppe, F B Bresnihan, C Brown
Journal: BMJ (1976)

The effect of salicylate treatment on the kidney, particularly medullary function, was investigated. In a retrospective analysis patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with high doses of salicylates were shown to have inferior urinary concentrating power and increased excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) when compared with patients who had not received salicylate treatment. A prospective study of renal funcition in healthy people and patients with RA starting salicylate in therapeutic doses showed that while epithelial cell excretion was only transiently raised in both groups the excretion of NAG was increased in all cases at three days and this increase was sustained at 10 days, all values being much higher in the patients than in the healthy subjects. Thus salicylate treatment does cause renal tubular damage but this damage results in only minimal impairment of function and does not constitute a reason for withholding salicylate treatment.
Fragrance allergy increases with age: reply from authors
Authors: D.A. Buckley, R.J.G. Rycroft, I.R. White, J.P. McFadden
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Sir, Uter and Schnuch raise some interesting points concerning the increase in fragrance allergy with age in patch‐tested patients. They present the combined results of German patch test centres (the IVDK) over an 11‐year period when 57 595 female and 33 282 male patients were tested. Their findings confirm our main results,1 which are that fragrance allergy increases with age and is more common in females. We agree that the relatively small numbers of patients in our study aged 80 years or more (95 women and 74 men aged 80–89 years and six women aged 90 years or more) led to wide confidence intervals. Thus the decline in prevalence of fragrance allergy in very elderly patients which we have noted is not of statistical significance. We did not divide healthcare workers into nurses, physiotherapists etc. (in the U.K. masseurs are not generally employed in the health service). Our healthcare workers are a broad‐based group including dentists and doctors. Thus they represent a range of occupational exposures to fragrances and other allergens. It may be that the increased prevalence of fragrance allergy in our healthcare workers reflects largely the contribution of nursing staff.
‘Ryanopathy’: causes and manifestations of RyR2 dysfunction in heart failure
Authors: Andriy E. Belevych, Przemysław B. Radwański, Cynthia A. Carnes, Sandor Györke
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2013)

The cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2), a Ca2+ release channel on the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), plays a key role in determining the strength of the heartbeat by supplying Ca2+ required for contractile activation. Abnormal RyR2 function is recognized as an important part of the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF). While in the normal heart, the balance between the cytosolic and intra-SR Ca2+ regulation of RyR2 function maintains the contraction–relaxation cycle, in HF, this behaviour is compromised by excessive post-translational modifications of the RyR2. Such modification of the Ca2+ release channel impairs the ability of the RyR2 to properly deactivate leading to a spectrum of Ca2+-dependent pathologies that include cardiac systolic and diastolic dysfunction, arrhythmias, and structural remodelling. In this article, we present an overview of recent advances in our understanding of the underlying causes and pathological consequences of abnormal RyR2 function in the failing heart. We also discuss the implications of these findings for HF therapy.
HEN'S EGGS IN INFANT FEEDING.
Authors: A. C. COTTON
Journal: JAMA (1899)

No apology is necessary for the introduction of the subject of substitute feeding of sucklings. If any one should question the importance we have merely to point to the mortality statistics in bottle- and breastfed babies. The host of substitute foods and preparations on the market is sufficient evidence of their inutility and, even though the clinic evidence were wanting, our knowledge of their composition and the physiologic requirements of infant digestion would lead us to discard a great majority. After experimental excursions along other lines, the tendency in America is to accept the milk of cows, goats and asses as the most available substitute, containing all the elements of infant nutrition in nearly normal proportions. Cow's milk has become more popular since the elaboration of the hygienic dairy system and the aseptic precautions in the care of the milk. Especially is milk popularized in localities where laboratories (such as
Awareness of HbA1c and Its Relationship With Diabetic Retinopathy Among Adult Diabetic Patients Attending a Tertiary Ophthalmic Center
Authors: Srinivasan Sanjay, You Chuen Chin, Yan Sun, Ee Lin Ong, Kah Guan Au Eong
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

A major contributing factor to poor compliance to maintain HbA1c <7% has been found to be a lack of patient awareness (1). Wang et al. (1) showed only 17% of participants understood HbA1c, and 49% of participants had heard of the HbA1c test. Their study also concluded that there was greater awareness of HbA1c among the younger age groups and those with higher education levels. Despite the high prevalence of patients with diabetes in Asia, data on the association between awareness of HbA1c and diabetic retinopathy are not available in the Singapore population.

Our study was a hospital-based, cross-sectional study of 506 diabetic patients aged 23–88 years in Singapore with different racial groups, including Chinese, Malay, Indian, and others.

Of the 623 patients invited, 507 were …
ONE THOUSAND PERSONALLY CONDUCTED CASES OF ETHYL CHLORID NARCOSIS.
Authors: MARTIN W. WARE
Journal: JAMA (1902)

After an anesthetic has been demonstrated to be effective, the next absorbing and vital question is its safety. On this score the brute force alone of numbers is telling, and I hope, therefore, in this narrative, to carry conviction in this direction on the basis of one thousand personally conducted narcoses with ethyl chlorid, and some collected statistics. These thousand narcoses were all conducted with ethyl chlorid sold under the trade name of "Kelene" and a mask of my own devising, described in previous communications.<sup>1</sup>For the present I must insist on the use of the above variety of ethyl chlorid, since other preparations marketed in this country, ordinarily intended for local anesthesia by freezing, are impure, containing methyl chlorid to facilitate evaporation. Furthermore, it happens that the above mentioned preparation of ethyl chlorid is the only one thus far provided with a suitable automatic cutoff to control the
Noncanonical NF-κB signaling in dendritic cells is required for indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) induction and immune regulation
Authors: Sander W. Tas, Margriet J. Vervoordeldonk, Najat Hajji, Joost H. N. Schuitemaker, Koen F. van der Sluijs, Michael J. May, Sankar Ghosh, Martien L. Kapsenberg, Paul P. Tak, Esther C. de Jong
Journal: Blood (2007)
A SAYRE'S FRACTURE DRESSING SUGGESTION
Authors: Glenn W. Putnam
Journal: JAMA (1923)

ABSTRACT I feel sure that most practitioners prefer Sayre's dressing for fractured clavicles. I feel equally sure that those who have used this form of dressing have found it unfeasible in a large number of cases, owing to sensitive skin which will not permit the continued application of an adhesive dressing, especially in the cases among children, and in those cases occurring in hot weather, in which the perspiration under the adhesive plaster often causes even severe skin erosions, in both instances in spite of careful cleansing of the skin and application of alcohol before the adhesive plaster is applied.METHOD OF APPLYING DRESSING An efficient form of dressing may be applied without the danger of skin lesions by following the instructions given below: Suppose we take, for example, a fracture of the left clavicle.After the left arm has been padded at A with several turns of gauze, a bandage
PKA-dependent phosphorylation of cardiac myosin binding protein C in transgenic mice
Authors: Q Yang
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Objective: To investigate the physiological role of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated, cardiac myosin binding protein C (MyBP-C) phosphorylation. Methods: A cardiac MyBP-C cDNA lacking nine amino acids, which contained a phosphorylation site, was made, and subsequently used to generate multiple lines of transgenic mice. Upon confirming that a partial replacement of endogenous protein with transgenic protein occurred, the biochemical and physiological consequences were studied. PKA-dependent phosphorylation assays were used to estimate the phosphorylation states of major cardiac PKA substrates. Myofibril Mg-ATPase activities were also measured. Isolated working heart and whole animal exercise studies were used to measure the physiological changes. Results: Transgenic mice displayed a compensatory response, with PKA-mediated phosphorylation of both troponin I and phospholamban showing significant increases. The remaining endogenous cardiac MyBP-C also showed increased phosphorylation levels. Maximal Mg2+-ATPase activity was increased. Significant functional changes at both the whole organ and whole animal levels also occurred. Parameters reflecting cardiac contractility and relaxation increased about 22 and 25%, respectively, in the mutant relative to wild type mice (n=5, P<0.001). In young adults the capacity for stress exercise, quantitated using an exercise treadmill regimen, was substantially enhanced (n=6, P<0.01). Conclusions: Cardiac MyBP-C phosphorylation plays an important physiological role and that the protein's degree of phosphorylation is coordinated with the phosphorylation levels of other proteins within the contractile apparatus.
Methods for predicting chronic toxicity parameters of substances in the area of water hygiene.
Authors: S S Shigan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

The development of rapid methods for determining chronic toxicity parameters of chemical compounds introduced by the oral route into an organism with water was studied. Formulas are verified with which threshold values and no-effect toxicity doses for substances can be obtained on the basis of various toxicologic parameters. For the example of organophosphates, a methodological scheme was developed for conducting an accelerated experiment for predicting the chronic toxicity of low and average cumulative compounds. Results are presented indicating the inadvisability of using lower animals as test subjects with the aim of predicting toxicity for higher animals. It is pointed out that patterns of homology and isomerism are observed in the comparison of chronic intoxication threshold doses as well as in acute toxicity values of substances.
Antibody-mediated killing of suppressor T lymphocytes as a possible cause of macroglobulinemia in the tropical splenomegaly syndrome.
Authors: W F Piessens, S L Hoffman, A A Wadee, P W Piessens, S Ratiwayanto, L Kurniawan, J R Campbell, H A Marwoto, L L Laughlin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

To investigate the pathogenesis of macroglobulinemia in the tropical splenomegaly syndrome (TSS), we assessed the functional activity of B lymphocytes and T cell subsets in a pokeweed mitogen-driven assay of immunoglobulin synthesis. Mononuclear cells from patients with TSS produced more IgM than cells from village or from distant controls. This appeared to result from a decrease in the number and/or activity of suppressor T cells of the T8+ phenotype. The lack of functional suppressor T lymphocytes was associated with the presence in sera from patients with TSS of IgM antibodies that specifically killed T8+, 9.3-, 60.1+ T cells from normal donors. These results support the hypothesis that macroglobulinemia in TSS results from defective immunoregulatory control of B cell function, and that this may be caused by lysis of suppressor T cells by specific lymphocytotoxic antibodies produced by patients with this syndrome.
Liverpool Medical Institution: Mr. Banner on Tedious Labour and the Ergot of Rye
Authors: None Freckleton
Journal: BMJ (1841)

MR. NEILL stated, that he bad lately seen cases of a rare disease of the eye, namely, polypous granulations growing round the edge of the cornea, occasioned by the intense irritation produced by lime having been thrown into the eye.Some of these granulations had peduncles, anid were
Chronic mucocutaneous candidosis associated with hypothyroidism: a distinct syndrome?
Authors: R. COLEMAN, R.J. HAY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Chronic mucocutaneous candidosis (CMC) is a rare, complex disorder characterized by chronic and recurrent candida infections of the skin, nails and oropharynx. In over 50% of cases there is an associated endocrine disease, the complex being described as the candida endocrinopathy syndrome. Inheritance of familial endocrine associated cases has been thought to follow an autosomal recessive pattern. In addition, autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant forms of CMC not associated with endocrinopathy have been described. We report a new syndrome in which there is vertical transmission of CMC within families associated with primary hypothyroidism. This suggests that the candida endocrinopathy syndrome can be subdivided into at least two types, one associated with hypoparathyroidism and/or hypoadrenalism which is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, the other associated with hypothyroidism which is an autosomal dominant disease. We emphasize the importance of early and regular monitoring thyroid function in individuals with CMC and a need to provide appropriate genetic counselling to affected members.
Intranasal Administration of Adeno-associated Virus Type 12 (AAV12) Leads to Transduction of the Nasal Epithelia and Can Initiate Transgene-specific Immune Response
Authors: Kathrina Quinn, Mary R Quirion, Chia-Yun Lo, Julia A Misplon, Suzanne L Epstein, John A Chiorini
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

A critical aspect in defining the utility of a vector for gene therapy applications is the cell tropism and biodistribution of the vector. Adeno-associated virus type 12 (AAV12) has several unique biological and immunological properties that could be exploited for gene therapy purposes, including a unique cell surface receptor, transduction of epithelial cells, and limited neutralization by pooled human antibodies. However, little is known about its cell tropism and biodistribution in vivo. In vivo biodistribution studies with AAV12 vectors encoding a cytomegalovirus promoted luciferase transgene indicated preferential transduction of the nasal epithelia which was not observed with AAV2-based vectors. Expression peaked 2 weeks postadministration, before decreasing to a persistent level. The level of neutralizing antibodies (Nab) induced was sevenfold lower for AAV12 than for AAV2, an advantage for use in repeat administration. Furthermore, vectors encoding influenza A nucleoprotein (NP), an antigen which has previously been shown to induce immune protection against challenge, resulted in generation of both anti-A/NP antibodies and lung anti-A/NP T cells. Our findings suggest further evaluation of AAV12 as a vector for gene therapy and as a potential nasal vaccine. A critical aspect in defining the utility of a vector for gene therapy applications is the cell tropism and biodistribution of the vector. Adeno-associated virus type 12 (AAV12) has several unique biological and immunological properties that could be exploited for gene therapy purposes, including a unique cell surface receptor, transduction of epithelial cells, and limited neutralization by pooled human antibodies. However, little is known about its cell tropism and biodistribution in vivo. In vivo biodistribution studies with AAV12 vectors encoding a cytomegalovirus promoted luciferase transgene indicated preferential transduction of the nasal epithelia which was not observed with AAV2-based vectors. Expression peaked 2 weeks postadministration, before decreasing to a persistent level. The level of neutralizing antibodies (Nab) induced was sevenfold lower for AAV12 than for AAV2, an advantage for use in repeat administration. Furthermore, vectors encoding influenza A nucleoprotein (NP), an antigen which has previously been shown to induce immune protection against challenge, resulted in generation of both anti-A/NP antibodies and lung anti-A/NP T cells. Our findings suggest further evaluation of AAV12 as a vector for gene therapy and as a potential nasal vaccine.