tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Carcinogenicity testing of phthalate esters and related compounds by the National Toxicology Program and the National Cancer Institute.
Authors: W M Kluwe, E E McConnell, J E Huff, J K Haseman, J F Douglas, W V Hartwell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

Five phthalate ester and related compounds (phthalic anhydride, phthalamide, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate and butyl benzyl phthalate) have been tested for carcinogenic effects in standard lifetime rodent feeding studies. Groups of 50 male and female rats and mice were fed diets containing various concentrations of the test chemicals for 102-106 consecutive weeks. The dietary concentrations were estimated to be maximally tolerated doses and half maximally tolerated doses. All animals that died during the study and all survivors at the end of two years were examined grossly and microscopically for the presence of tumors. The incidences of animals with tumors at a specific anatomic site in the treated groups and the controls were compared statistically. Neither phthalamide nor phthalic anhydride increased tumor incidences in rats or mice. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate increased the incidences of liver tumors in rats and mice of both sexes, while di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate caused liver tumors in male and female mice, only. Butyl benzyl phthalate did not cause tumors in male or female mice, but the incidence of myelomonocytic leukemia in butyl benzyl phthalate-treated female rats was significantly greater than that in the controls. Chemically induced early deaths in the butyl benzyl phthalate-treated male rats precluded an evaluation of carcinogenic potential in this sex. Under the conditions of these tests, di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate was considered to be carcinogenic in both rats and mice and di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate was considered to be carcinogenic in mice. The evidence for carcinogenic effects of butyl benzyl phthalate in female rats was judged to be equivocal because of the variable nature of the incidence of myelomonocytic leukemia in Fischer 344 rats. Phthalamide and phthalic anhydride did not exhibit carcinogenic effects in these studies.
Efficacy of Syrup of Ipecac-Induced Emesis for Emptying Gastric Contents
Authors: TONY E. VASQUEZ, DAVID G. EVANS, WILLIAM L. ASHBURN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Syrup of ipecac (SOI) is a commonly used emetic for toxic ingestions. A preliminary study was undertaken to quantify the efficacy of SOI-induced emesis. Three groups of adult subjects fasted overnight before ingestion of 1 mCi of Tc-99m human serum albumin-sucralfate. Sucralfate is minimally absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and has a gastric clearance half-time of 90 minutes, approximately equal to that of solid foods. At 5,30, and 60 minutes after ingestion of radiolabeled sucralfate (RSC), subjects were given a standard dose of 30 ml SOI and 240 ml of water. Gastrointestinal tract images were obtained both at the time of ingestion of RSC and 60 minutes after ingestion of SOI. Regions-of-interest were drawn and activity measured over the stomach and small bowel with correction for physical decay. Those subjects (N = 10) treated at 5 minutes after ingestion retained a mean value of 17% of the administered RSC by 60 minutes. The group (N = 5) treated at 30 minutes after ingestion retained a mean value of 41%, while those (N = 5) treated at 60 minutes retained a mean value of 56%. The results tend to confirm the efficacy of SOI-induced emesis when SOI is given promptly (i.e., 5 minutes) following ingestion, and generally support efforts to assure widespread immediate availability of SOI for toxic ingestions.
CHEMICAL STUDIES IN HOST-VIRUS INTERACTIONS
Authors: Seymour S. Cohen, Rachel Arbogast
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1950)

Various chemical and physiological aspects of the reproductive cycles of r(+) and r strains of T2, T4, and T6 viruses have been examined and compared. These include the ultraviolet absorption spectra in which differences between r and r(+) strains were not observed, though they were obtained in the case of T2, T4, and T6. Adsorption of T4 and T6 was found to require the adsorption cofactor l-tryptophane. Among the r and r(+) strains of these viruses limiting tryptophane requirements for adsorption were found to be different. Some differences were observed in the one-step growth curves of these viruses under conditions of single and multiple infection. The turbidity-time relations of infected cultures were characteristically different. The rates of DNA and protein synthesis in the infected cells were found to be independent of the viruses used. Certain implications of the data have been discussed.
Comment on: Park et al. Association of Serum Ferritin and the Development of Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged Korean Men: A 5-Year Follow-up Study. Diabetes Care 2012;35:2521–2526
Authors: Frédéric Fumeron, Istvan Stéphane Vari, Bernard Grandchamp, Beverley Balkau
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

We read with great interest the article by Park et al. (1) in Diabetes Care . The results they report in middle-aged Korean men are very similar to ours published in 2007 in Diabetes Care for both sexes from the DESIR (Data from an Epidemiological Study on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome) prospective study in a …
Restriction Isotyping of Apolipoprotein E
Authors: Robert A. Hegele
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 January 1995Restriction Isotyping of Apolipoprotein ERobert A. Hegele, MDRobert A. Hegele, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-1-199501010-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Benvenga provides evidence to support binding of thyroid hormone to a region of apo E. This observation is interesting, especially given the clinical association between thyroid hormone status and lipoprotein metabolism. Others have shown that thyroid hormone acts at the molecular level to reduce hepatic production of apo E [1] and to up-regulate hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptors [2], for which apo E is a ligand. More studies are required to determine whether any of these mechanisms can explain the association between hypothyroidism and hyperlipidemia, particularly type III hyperlipoproteinemia.Apolipoprotein E has recently been shown to bind β-amyloid ...References1. Davidson NO, Carlos RC, Drewek MJ, Parmer TG. Apolipoprotein gene expression in the rat is regulated in a tissue-specific manner by thyroid hormone. J Lipid Res. 1988; 29:1511-22. Google Scholar2. Salter AM, Hayashi R, Al-Seeni M, Brown NF, Bruce J, Sorenson O, et al. Effects of hypothyroidism and high-fat feeding on mRNA concentrations for the low-density-lipoprotein receptor and on acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase activities in rat liver. Biochem J. 1991; 276:825-32. Google Scholar3. Sanan DA, Weisgraber KH, Russell SJ, Mahley RW, Huang D, Saunders A, et al. Apolipoprotein E associates with β amyloid peptide of Alzheimer's disease to form novel monofibrils: isoform apoE4 associates more efficiently than apoE3. J Clin Invest. 1994; 94:860-9. Google Scholar4. Strittmatter WJ, Saunders AM, Schmechel D, Perciak-Vance M, Enghild J, Salvesen S, et al. Apolipoprotein E: high avidity binding to β-amyloid and increased frequency of type 4 allele in late-onset familial Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993; 90:1977-81. Google Scholar5. Nathan BP, Bellosta S, Sanan DA, Weisgraber KH, Mahley RW, Pitas RE. Differential effects of apolipoproteins E3 and E4 on neuronal growth in vitro. Science. 1994; 264:850-2. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1995Volume 122, Issue 1Page: 68-69KeywordsAlzheimer diseaseApolipoproteinsBrainHypothyroidismLipoprotein metabolismLipoprotein receptorsLow density lipoproteinMolecular biologyPathogenesisThyroid hormones Issue Published: 1 January 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Value and limitations of computer analysis of digital subtraction angiography in the assessment of coronary flow reserve.
Authors: S E Nissen, J L Elion, D C Booth, J Evans, A N DeMaria
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Conventional coronary angiography has significant limitations in quantifying the severity and functional significance of coronary stenoses. However, coronary reactive hyperemia is an excellent physiologic indicator of coronary reserve. Digital subtraction angiography offers the potential to analyze coronary blood flow dynamics quantitatively. Therefore we assessed the accuracy of digital angiographic methods to detect and quantify reductions in coronary flow reserve secondary to stenoses of varying magnitude in an experimental canine preparation. Studies were performed in nine anesthetized open-chest dogs with an electromagnetic flow (EMF) probe and two pneumatic occluders positioned on the left circumflex coronary artery. One occluder served to induce reactive hyperemia by temporary total occlusion, while the other served to produce variable gradations of stenosis. Digital angiography was performed after the subselective injection of contrast under basal conditions and during reactive hyperemia. Time-intensity curves were obtained from digital angiograms for both a coronary and a myocardial region of interest. Measurements included area under the curve, time to peak contrast, and contrast disappearance rate. An index of coronary reserve was computed as the ratio of hyperemic to basal measurements for each of these methods. Coronary blood flow ranged from 6.5 to 142 ml/min, with hyperemic to basal EMF flow ratios of 0.80 to 4.2:1. The index derived from contrast decay rate showed a poor correlation with EMF (r = .34). The correlation between measurements of time to peak myocardial contrast and coronary blood flow was r = .68 (y = 0.16 x + 0.97). The area under the time-intensity curve from a coronary region of interest showed a close correlation with coronary blood flow (y = 0.91 x + 0.1, r = .86). Thus estimates of coronary reserve by computer analysis of digital subtraction angiograms can yield information regarding the physiologic consequences of coronary stenoses.
Levamisole-induced vasculitis due to circulating immune complexes.
Authors: D G Macfarlane, P A Bacon
Journal: BMJ (1978)

<h3>Background</h3> Mechanical knee symptoms are often considered important in the decision to perform knee arthroscopy on the suspicion of a meniscal tear. We investigated if presence of a meniscal tear at knee arthroscopy in adults is associated with presence of preoperative self-reported mechanical knee symptoms. <h3>Methods</h3> We used data from Knee Arthroscopy Cohort Southern Denmark (KACS). KACS consists of patients aged 18 years or older referred to knee arthroscopy on the suspicion of a meniscal tear at four recruiting hospitals between 1 February 2013 and 31 January 2015. Of 1259 invited patients, 908 (72%) replied to the baseline questionnaire. With 91 patients excluded, the study sample consisted of 641 and 176 patients <i>with</i> and <i>without</i> a meniscal tear confirmed at surgery, respectively. Exposure was meniscal tear as determined by the knee surgeon during arthroscopy. Main outcomes were preoperative mechanical knee symptoms defined as self-reported catching/locking or self-reported inability to straighten knee fully. <h3>Results</h3> 55% of all patients reported symptoms of catching/locking and 47% were unable to straighten their knee fully. Preoperative mechanical symptoms were equally prevalent in patients <i>with</i> and <i>without</i> a meniscal tear (prevalence ratio catching/locking 0.89, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.03, and inability to straighten knee fully, prevalence ratio 1.02, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.23). <h3>Interpretation</h3> Patient-reported mechanical symptoms were equally common irrespective of presence or absence of a meniscal tear in patients undergoing arthroscopy for suspicion of a meniscal tear. Our findings suggest that mechanical knee symptoms have a limited value when considering indication for meniscal surgery. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> NCT01871272; Results.
Adoptive Transfer of Human Papillomavirus E7-specific CTL Enhances Tumor Chemoresponse Through the Perforin/Granzyme-mediated Pathway
Authors: Jeong-Im Sin, Jung-Min Kim, Sung Hwa Bae, In Hee Lee, Jong Sup Park, Hun Mo Ryoo
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Adoptive cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) therapy has an important implication in treating cancer patients. Here, we investigate whether adoptive transfer of human papillomavirus (HPV) E7-specific CTL can enhance tumor chemoresponse using an established cervical cancer animal model. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy plus CTL therapy showed an improved therapeutic effectiveness, along with antitumor protective responses to a parental tumor cell rechallenge. Cisplatin treatment dose-dependently increased the expression of Fas, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigens (Ags) on tumor cells in vitro. However, CTL-expressing FasL failed to improve antitumor activity in vitro and in animals, resulting from nonfunctional Fas expressed on tumor cells. In contrast, ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) treatment blocked increased sensitivity of cisplatin-treated tumor cells to CTL-mediated killing in vitro, suggesting an important role of the perforin/granzyme-mediated pathway for improved therapeutic effectiveness. This notion was further confirmed by perforin knockout animal studies. Thus, this study shows that (i) modulation of Ag (Fas, ICAM-1) expression by tumor cells has little effect on their increased sensitivity to CTL-mediated killing, (ii) improved therapeutic effectiveness is mediated mainly through the perforin/granzyme-mediated tumor killing pathway, and (iii) a combination of chemotherapy and adoptive E7-specific CTL transfer augments antitumor therapeutic activity in vivo. This finding may have important implications for treating HPV-associated cervical cancer.
Research on Homeless Vets Suggests Ways to Target Services Based on Risk Factors
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2013)

FEAR THAT US VETERANS RETURNING from Iraq and Afghanistan would be disproportionately affected by homelessness because of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and blast-related injuriesmaybemisplaced,suggestedStephen Metraux, PhD, associate professor of health policy and public health at the UniversityoftheSciencesinPhiladelphia. Metraux spoke in an April webcast on homelessnessamongveteranssponsored bytheSubstanceAbuseandMentalHealth Administration (SAMHSA). Rather, evidence suggests that poverty, substance abuse, and mental illness—the same factors that drive homelessness in the general population— may pose greater risks to veterans than the so-called signature injuries of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Metrauxisamongagroupofresearchers tryingtobetterunderstandthecauses ofhomelessnessamongveterans inorder to prevent the problem and to better tailorservicestoveteransfacingit.Theirfindings so far offer some surprises. For example,womenveteransarenotathigher riskofhomelessness than theirmalecolleagues,butwhentheydofacehomelessness, they have unique needs stemming fromahighlikelihoodofhavingchildren or having experienced sexual trauma. Metrauxandcolleaguesanalyzeddata from the Department of Defense and the DepartmentofVeteransAffairs(VA)and foundthatofveteransdischargedbetween July 1, 2005, and September 30, 2006, 1.8%(5694of310 685)hadrecordsofreceivinghomelessservices.“It’saboutwhat you’d expect in the general population,” he said. “It’s not consistent with some of thealarmist languagepeoplehaveused.” Veterans who had been deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan did have a somewhat higher risk of homelessness (odds ratio [OR]=1.3), and PTSD was associated with a higher risk of homelessness only among veterans who were deployed (OR=1.2 among male veterans and OR=1.6 among female veterans), according to research presented by Metraux. Still, a veteran’s pay grade prior to discharge appears to be a better predictor of the risk of homelessness, with individuals in the lowest pay grade making up 44% of this cohort of veterans but 72% of the homeless group. Individuals with behavioral health problems made up 17.8% of the discharge cohort but made up 44% of the homeless group. “We hope this represents the beginning steps of developing a system to identify persons at risk,” said Metraux. Although female veterans are not at greater risk of homelessness than their male colleagues, they are at greater risk of homelessness than nonveteran women. Additionally, women veterans appear to have their own set of risk factors for homelessness. For example, sexual trauma is a greater risk factor for homelessness among women than men, said Jack Tsai, PhD, an investigator for the Veterans Affairs New England Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center and an assistant professor of psychiatry at Yale University.
Biliary intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm visualized intralesionally through a fistula with the duodenal bulb
Authors: L. Barresi, I. Tarantino, A. Granata, G. Curcio, R. Gentile, R. Liotta, G. Marrone, M. Traina
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

A 53-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with abdominal pain. He had undergone surgery for a pancreatic pseudocyst related to chronic alcoholic pancreatitis 7 years previously at another hospital. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 3 years later had shown a cystic lesion, 4 cm in diameter, at the hepatic hilum, with two small mural nodules. The patient was then lost to follow-up for 3 years.
Reduction of trans-Fatty Acids From Food
Authors: Kathryn Backholer, Anna Peeters
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prediction of Therapy in Primary Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: T. Nathan, J. Kjeldsen, O. B. Schaffalitzky de Muckadell
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Background and Study Aims: It seems rational to perform endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) if the probability of endoscopic therapy is high, but to carry out magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) or endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) first if this probability is moderate or low. The aim of the present study was to develop a model describing the probability of endoscopic therapy in patients without previous biliary imaging. Patients and Methods: The development of the model was based on stepwise multiple logistic regression applied to 2470 prospectively registered first-time ERCP procedures. The model was evaluated by application to 442 prospectively registered first-time ERCP procedures entered in the database in the following 2 years. Results: Predictors selected were: age, gender, p-amylase ≥ 400 U/l, ln(s-bilirubin), ln(s-alkaline phosphatase), common bile duct (CBD) stone seen on transabdominal ultrasonography, gallbladder stone seen on transabdominal ultrasonography, interaction of dilated bile ducts seen on transabdominal ultrasonography with ln(s-bilirubin), and interaction between age and male gender. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.875 and there was good fit of the model. A test with a probability cutoff value of 80 % had a positive predictive value (PPV) of 92.8 %. Specificity was 87.1 % and, using this test, 52.4 % of patients would have been selected for primary ERCP. In the application cohort, the frequency of therapy was higher than in the development cohort. The area under the ROC curve was 78.7 %. When used in the evaluation cohort, with a cutoff probability of 80 %, the test had sensitivity 84.0 %, specificity 49.5 %, negative predictive value (NPV) 46.6 % and PPV 85.6 %. Of the patients, 76.7 % would have been selected for ERCP. This would have identified 85.5 % of individuals needing therapeutic ERCP without use first of MRCP or EUS. Test-positive cases constituted 90.3 % of stent insertions and 86.3 % of stone extractions. Conclusions: The model is useful for selection of patients for ERCP at our center.
Outcome in children who nearly drown: a British Isles study.
Authors: A M Kemp, J R Sibert
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To determine the outcome in nearly drowned children in the British Isles and identify factors that might predict a poor prognosis. DESIGN--Study of drowned and of nearly drowned children aged less than or equal to 14. Information on nearly drowned children admitted to hospital obtained from consultant paediatricians returning monthly notification cards through the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit. Information on drowned children obtained from Office of Population Censuses and Surveys and other national epidemiological offices. SETTING--British Isles, 1988 and 1989. SUBJECTS--330 children who had confirmed submersion incidents. 142 died before admission to hospital and 188 children were admitted after nearly drowning. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Death, full recovery, or degree of handicap after near drowning and signs on admission to hospital. RESULTS--All of the children who were conscious on admission fully recovered. Of the 64 children unconscious on admission, 31 had normally reactive pupils and all but three (all of whom had severe preexisting neurological disease) recovered fully. Of the 33 children with fixed dilated pupils on admission, 10 fully recovered, 13 died, and 10 had severe neurological deficit. Spontaneous respiratory effect on admission was associated with normal survival. Pupils that remained dilated six hours after admission and fits continuing 24 hours after admission predicted a poor outcome. CONCLUSION--Children can survive normally after near drowning in the British Isles, particularly if they have been hypothermic. Resuscitation should not be abandoned in nearly drowned children until they have been rewarmed.
Coffee Drinking and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Hershel Jick
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In their recent article, "Coffee Drinking Prior to Acute Myocardial Infarction" (226:540, 1973), Klatsky et al failed to show an association between heavy coffee drinking and acute myocardial infarction. Their results contrast with those of two studies we had previously reported, both of which showed a substantial positive association,<sup>1,2</sup>and they conclude that "the preponderance of evidence does not support an association." Klatsky et al compared people who drank seven or more cups of coffee per day to all other people (those drinking zero to six cups of coffee per day). This is in marked contrast to that used in our two studies, where coffee drinkers (one to five cups per day and, separately, six or more cups per day) were compared to those who drank<i>no</i>coffee. A comparison such as that carried out by Klatsky et al is most insensitive to the detection of