tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract B48: Integrin α6 S-nitrosylation induces prostate cancer cell migration by loss of adhesion to laminin-1
Authors: Jared Isaac, Ying Wai Lam, Pheruza Tarapore, Shuk-mei Ho
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in American males. Elevated nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase levels are associated with the progression of prostate tumors. S-nitrosylation, a reversible nitric oxide post-translational modification of cysteines, was investigated here. This report showed that low dose nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase induced the migration of prostate cancer cells, which was blocked using selective integrin alpha 6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. Furthermore, both nitric oxide donor and inducible nitric oxide synthase targeted integrin alpha 6 for S-nitrosylation on cysteine 86 in prostate cancer cells. Nitric oxide reduced prostate cancer cell adhesion to laminin-1 and integrin alpha 6 binding to laminin beta 1 but theses effects were not seen after mutation of cysteine 86 in integrin alpha 6. S-nitrosylation of integrin alpha 6 cysteine 86 ultimately led to increased migration of prostate cancer cells, which is a potential mechanism of prostate cancer metastasis. Citation Format: Jared Isaac, Ying Wai Lam, Pheruza Tarapore, Shuk-mei Ho. Integrin α6 S-nitrosylation induces prostate cancer cell migration by loss of adhesion to laminin-1 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr B48.
Increased serum immunoglobulin levels following portacaval shunt in the normal rat
Authors: M. Keraan, O. L. Meyers, G. H. C. Engelbrecht, R. Hickman, S. J. Saunders, J. Terblanche
Journal: Gut (1974)

Normal rats subjected to end-to-side portacaval shunt showed decreased survival and weight gain, a progressive fall in serum albumin and reciprocal rise in serum gamma globulin when compared with sham-operated controls for 12 weeks. Antibacterial lipopolysaccharide antibody was detected in significant titre at the sixth and twelfth weeks. It is suggested that the elevated levels of gamma globulin and reversal of albumin/globulin ratios noted in these animals may represent an immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharides released into the systemic circulation as a result of the portacaval shunt. The hyperglobulinaemia of cirrhosis in human subjects may have a similar aetiology.
Dentists Also Dupes of Nostrum Makers—A Letter with Spirit.
Authors: G. B. Squires
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Somerville, Mass., April 17, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I wish to write a word of praise for the great workThe Journalis doing in educating the medical profession on the nostrum question. Keep up your good fight for ethical medicine. Ten years ago, when I was in the drug business I realized that the medical profession was being lowered by the nostrum vendors, and I think we are indebted to the<i>Druggists Circular</i>for the stand it has always taken for ethical medicine. The medical profession has been and some of its members are still being bluffed by the proprietary men, but nothing compared to the dental profession. The dentist is the acme of credulity. About a year ago I read a paper before three Massachusetts dental societies on the subject. It was sent to three leading dental trade journals. They all refused to publish it. I have read
Short Term Evaluation of a Comprehensive Post Treatment Rehabilitation Program for Cancer Patients Treated with Curative Intent.
Authors: S. Hanssens, R. Luyten, W. Blanken, C. Watthy, C. Fontaine, L. Decoster, C. Baillon, F. Trullemans, J. De Grève
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Many physical and psychosocial interventions or combined interventions have been developed for cancer survivors. We implemented a 12- week comprehensive rehabilitation program, combining physical exercise, psycho-education and individual counselling. We hypothesized that the rehabilitation program would lead to improvements in quality of life, fatigue, kinesiophobia, distress, anxiety, depression, physical functioning and physical condition.Patients and methods: A longitudinal cohort study design was applied in 74 cancer survivors. The participants filled out a questionnaire and underwent a physical test at baseline and at the end of the program. Different measurement instruments were used: EORTC QLQ-C30, FACT-F, HADS, RAND-36, TAMPA, Distress Barometer and Tecumseh Step Test. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 17.0.Results: Thirty six patients (48,6%) participated. Drop out was due to following reasons: difficulty to combine the program with job and family, lack of motivation, self sufficiency or alternative method. Eighty five percent of the participants were female and the most prevalent cancer was breast cancer.The overall quality of life improved significantly after the rehabilitation program compared with the baseline assessment (p=0,000). There was significant improvement also in specific aspects such as physical condition (p=0,007), fatigue (p=0,010) and depression (p=0,012). In contrast kinesiophobia (p=0,229), distress (p=0,344) and anxiety (p=0,101) did not change significantly.Discussion and Conclusion: We have initialized and evaluated the short term impact of a comprehensive rehabilitation program as a post treatment effort in cancer patients treated with curative intent. This comprehensive rehabilitation program is the first to include individual counselling and distress measurement. A general and significant improvement in all aspects affecting quality of life and rehabilitation was observed, but less so for aspects that might be influenced by prognostic concerns. The relative contribution of the program versus spontaneous recovery and long term impact need to be further determined in a prospective randomized study. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1065.
Violent patients: police help clarified
Authors: L Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1994)

General practitioners' leaders have criticised press reports that doctors will not be able to rely on help from the police when dealing with violent or potentially violent patients. At the meeting of the General Medical Services Committee last week, one of the committee's negotiators, Dr Brian Goss, clarified the position. A joint GMSC and NHS working party issued guidance to family health services authorities on good practice and local initiatives to combat violence. This states that doctors may decide that because of possible risk to their safety “it will not be appropriate to provide treatment until assistance is available.” Dr Goss emphasised that in the discussions which had led to the advice being drawn up the profession had accepted that the police operated within finite resources and that their attendance was subject to availability of resources. Dr Goss thought that it would be a rare occurrence for a doctor to expect the police to attend immediately. The police had to order their priorities. On the other hand, neither the GMSC, the NHS Executive, nor the General Medical Council expected general practitioners to put themselves in danger. He drew an analogy with a fire. Doctors would not be expected to attend patients until the fire brigade had put out the fire. They would not be in breach of their terms of service. At the end of the day any liability would lie with the patient who behaved violently.

Dr Goss also clarified the criteria …
793-2 Efficacy of Locally Delivered Low Molecular Weight Heparin (Enoxaparin) on Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation
Authors: Mun K. Hong, S. Chiu Wong, Christian C. Haudenschild, Orville D. Bramwell, Alexey Tjurmin, James J. Barry, Myong H. Nam, Theodore E. Spiro, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
American Cool: Constructing a Twentieth-Century Emotional Style
Authors: Virginia A. Sadock
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Peter Stearns, dean of the College of Humanities and Social Sciences and Heinz Professor of History at Carnegie Mellon University, has written an interesting book on "cool" as an American emotional style. More precisely, he investigates the transition of American emotional culture from the Victorianism of the late 19th and early 20th centuries to the current set of emotional values that affect our emotional life, family life, work and social interactions, and cultural standards. In his introduction, Stearns relates the following anecdote to epitomize the change in our understanding of cool: A university student writes on an examination that Columbus received a hearty welcome on his return to Spain; when asked why he made such an egregious historical mistake, he points to the textbook which states quite clearly that the explorer had received a "cool reception." The author of the text had defined cool as restrained; the student defined cool
Long-term treatment of refractory thrombocytopenia in a patient with wiskott-aldrich syndrome with vincristine, immunoglobulin, and methylprednisolone
Authors: Guy Young, Anne L. Angiolillo
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

We report a child with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome with severe, refractory, symptomatic thrombocytopenia who achieved an excellent response to combination therapy with vincristine 1.5 mg/m2 × 1 day, intravenous immunoglobulin 1 g/kg × 3 days, and methylprednisolone 25 mg/kg × 3 days (VIM) for 7 years after failing multiple treatments. He did not have a histocompatible donor for bone marrow transplantation. When the patient ceased to respond to this regimen, he was rescued with pulse dexamethasone. Vincristine, immunoglobulin, and methylprednisolone might serve as a novel treatment option for the patient with refractory thrombocytopenia. Our patient had a sustained remission of symptomatic thrombocytopenia without toxicity. Furthermore, pulse dexamethasone might be an alternative treatment option to which patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome may respond. Am. J. Hematol. 62:183–185, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
MANSON'S TROCAR AND CANNULA FOR THE TREATMENT OF LIVER ABSCESS
Authors: A. Turnbull
Journal: BMJ (1903)

MEMOBANDA.[KX1 IOWA 423 which pus will subsequently form.Picric acid has more antiseptic and penetrating qualities, and, if the lesion is quite superficial, will completely rid it of offending organ- isms.At the same time, unlike other antiseptics, itsappears to cause no irritation to the tigsues.Its only drawback is the deep staining it produces.When used at all it should be applied very thoroughly, the acid being renewed frequently until the coagulated lymph completely covers the sore.I generally place the well-soaked lint on the wound and cover this with non-absorbent wool or gutta-percha tissue.The dressing may be left on from twelve to forty-eight hours according to the asepticity of the original wound.These few remarks may possibly suggest the use of this remedy in other and similar lesions.
Sigmoidoscopic Screening in the 1990s
Authors: David F. Ransohoff, Christopher A. Lang
Journal: JAMA (1993)

COLORECTAL cancer (CRC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, accounting for 140000 new cases and 60 000 deaths per year in the United States.<sup>1</sup>At present, the most promising strategy to reduce this burden is some form of periodic screening. The goal of screening is early detection of surgically curable cancers, as well as their likely precursors, adenomatous polyps; both may be present for years before disseminated, incurable cancer develops. Sigmoidoscopic screening at intervals of 3 to 5 years has been widely recommended<sup>2-5</sup>because sigmoidoscopy has high sensitivity for detecting early cancers and adenomas. However, routine sigmoidoscopic screening is controversial<sup>6-8</sup>because there is no direct evidence from a ramdomized controlled trial to show that screening reduces CRC mortality. Also, the effort involved in applying sigmoidoscopic screening is very large. Thus, despite long-standing recommendations, sigmoidoscopic screening is performed in less than 5% to 10% of eligible
New Diagnostic Tests for Prion Diseases
Authors: John Collinge
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

The transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, or prion diseases, are neurodegenerative conditions that affect both humans and animals. They are transmissible experimentally both within and between mammalian species by inoculation with infected tissues and sometimes by ingestion in food. The diseases affecting humans have traditionally been classified as Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker disease, and kuru. They are rare, affecting about one person per million worldwide per year. By contrast, the prototypic spongiform encephalopathy scrapie is a relatively common, naturally occurring disease of sheep and goats, recognized for well over 200 years and occurring in many countries. Although these diseases have long been of . . .
In vivo binding of circulating immune complexes by C3b receptors (CR1) of transfused erythrocytes.
Authors: Y Inada, M Kamiyama, T Kanemitsu, H Ikegami, K Watanabe, W.S Clark, Y Asai
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

The effects of packed erythrocyte transfusion with high CR1 activity on circulating immune complex concentrations were studied in 14 transfusion experiments involving 12 patients with immune complex related diseases. Before erythrocyte transfusion circulating immune complex concentrations ranged from 8 to 128 micrograms/ml. After transfusion (2-3 units) immune complex concentrations decreased depending on the levels of CH50 titres in the recipients. In 11 experiments, in which the patients9 CH50 titres ranged from 21 to 44, immune complex concentrations decreased by 75-100% within five days. The CH50 titres were also decreased after erythrocyte transfusion but subsequently increased to initial ranges within 6-35 days. In three patients with low CH50 titres (1.0-10.0) decreases in immune complexes were not observed. Direct Coombs9 tests for IgG and C3 were performed before and after erythrocyte transfusion to determine potential in vivo binding of circulating immune complexes. Thus in eight of 14 experiments, in which erythrocytes carried no IgG before packed erythrocyte transfusion, seven became Coombs9 positive for IgG after the transfusion. In seven of 14 experiments, in which erythrocytes were negative for complement before transfusion, five became positive afterwards. Moreover, in 12 instances slight increases of CR1 activity of patients9 erythrocytes were observed within eight days, which improved further within 35 days after erythrocyte transfusion. These studies suggest that transfusion of erythrocytes with high CR1 activity results in the removal of circulating immune complexes and that this process is dependent on complement consumption. These experiments support the hypothesis that erythrocyte-CR1 has a functional role in the removal of circulating immune complexes and may thereby inhibit the deposition of immune complexes within body tissue constituents.
lndium-111 Chloride for Detecting Suspected Hepatomas in Patients with Focal Defects on Technetium-99m Sulfur Colloid Liver Imaging
Authors: H DANIEL FAWCETT, BETTYE A. SAYLE, MARY Z. WINSETT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Twenty-three patients with hepatic cirrhosis and focal defects on Tc-99m sulfur colloid (SC) scintigrams were restudied with ln-111 chloride to determine if indium localization in the focal defect is indicative of a hepatoma. Seven of eight patients with proven hepatomas had positive studies; however, six of 15 patients without hepatomas also had studies interpreted as positive. Thus, ln-111 chloride is highly sensitive for the detection of hepatomas, and a negative indium study would militate against this diagnosis. The high false-positive rate found may be due to technical factors rather than a lack of specificity of localization; the experience of others seems to support this impression. At present, ln-111 chloride scintigraphy for focal hepatic defects appears to be useful in ruling out hepatoma.
Points from letters: Antibiotics and purulent sputum
Authors: S F Hewetson
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Government's spokesmen, including the Prime Minister, admit that the counter-inflation policy of 1975-6 was unjust to certain members of the community, including consultants on the incremental scale.They argue, however, that the steps were necessary in the national interest.The professions' negotiators did not 'acquiesce' in the imposition of this counterinflation policy, but vigorously opposed it- and succeeded in securing the modification for 1976-7 which has allowed the incremental scales to be reactivated.The withholding of contractual increments (and distinction awards) which has in effect meant for some consultants a 12-month wait for what they were entitled to was secured by the Remuneration, Charges, and Grants Act 1975-which rapidly went through Parliament without opposition and specifically allows employing authorities to breach contracts in this respect."-ED, BMJ. Keeping tabs on trainers
Randomised trial of safety and efficacy of immediate postoperative enteral feeding in patients undergoing gastrointestinal resection
Authors: C. S Carr, K D E. Ling, P. Boulos, M. Singer
Journal: BMJ (1996)

To assess whether immediate post-operative enteral feeding in patients who have undergone gastrointestinal resection is safe and effective.Randomised trial of immediate post-operative enteral feeding through a nasojejunal tube v conventional postoperative intravenous fluids until the reintroduction of normal diet.Teaching hospitals in London.30 patients under the care of the participating consultant surgeon who were undergoing elective laparotomies with a view to gastrointestinal resection for quiescent, chronic gastrointestinal disease. Two patients did not proceed to resection.Nutritional state, nutritional intake and nitrogen balance, gut mucosal permeability measured by lactulose-mannitol differential sugar absorption test, complications, and outcome.Successful immediate enteral feeding was established in all 14 patients with a mean (SD) daily intake of 6.78 (1.57)MJ (1622 (375) kcal before reintroduction of oral diet compared with 1.58 (0.14) MJ (377 (34) kcal) for those on intravenous fluids (P < 0.0001). Urinary nitrogen balance on the first postoperative day was negative in those on intravenous fluids but positive in all 14 enterally fed patients (mean (SD) - 13.2 (11.6) g v 5.3 (2.7) g; P < 0.005). There was no difference by day 5. There was no change in gut mucosal permeability in the enterally fed group but a significant increase from the test ratios seen before the operation in those on intravenous fluids (0.11(0.06) v 0.15 (0.12); P < 0.005). There were also fewer postoperative complications in the enterally fed group (P < 0.005).Immediate postoperative enteral feeding in patients undergoing intestinal resection seems to be safe, prevents an increase in gut mucosal permeability, and produces a positive nitrogen balance.
The Relation between the Availability of Neonatal Intensive Care and Neonatal Mortality
Authors: David C. Goodman, Elliott S. Fisher, George A. Little, Thérèse A. Stukel, Chiang-hua Chang, Kenneth S. Schoendorf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

There is marked regional variation in the availability of neonatal intensive care in the United States. We conducted a study to determine whether a greater supply of neonatologists or neonatal intensive care beds is associated with lower neonatal mortality.
Immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region variants in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: M G Loftus, P Sanders, G De Lange, D M Grennan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

Polymorphisms within the immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region at switch (S)mu and S alpha 1 loci were studied in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and controls in parallel with Gm and A2m allotyping. S mu and S alpha 1 restriction fragment length polymorphisms were defined using a S mu probe which was hybridised to SstI digests of DNA extracted from circulating white cells. There were no differences in S mu and S alpha 1 gene or phenotype frequencies between RA and control groups nor within the RA population between DR4 positive and negative subjects. The Gm allotype G1m(x), coded for by genes at the gamma-1 locus, was found in 29/92 (32%) of DR4 positive and 5/52 (10%) of DR4 negative subjects with RA, as compared with 25/115 (22%) cf controls. The A2m allotype A2m(2), coded for by the alpha 2 locus, was found in 11/92 (12%) of DR4 positive subjects with RA, zero of 52 DR4 negative subjects, and 5/115 (4%) of controls. These results exclude a major effect of genes within the heavy chain constant region linked to mu or alpha 1 loci on susceptibility to RA, but suggest that further study of variants closely linked to the alpha 2 locus is indicated.
Response to Comment on Grunberger “Insulin Analogs—Are They Worth It? Yes!” Diabetes Care 2014;37:1767–1770 and Davidson “Insulin Analogs—Is There a Compelling Case to Use Them? No!” Diabetes Care 2014;37:1771–1774
Authors: George Grunberger
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

I wish to thank Giugliano et al. (1) for their thoughtful comment on our insulin analog debate. We clearly intended to provoke much discussion about the choices faced by physicians who are implementing intensive insulin therapy in the current political environment.

As I stated in my article: “Clearly, patients …
Supplementary feeding with either ready-to-use fortified spread or corn-soy blend in wasted adults starting antiretroviral therapy in Malawi: randomised, investigator blinded, controlled trial
Authors: M. J Ndekha, J. J G van Oosterhout, E. E Zijlstra, M. Manary, H. Saloojee, M. J Manary
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To investigate the effect of two different food supplements on body mass index (BMI) in wasted Malawian adults with HIV who were starting antiretroviral therapy. <b>Design</b> Randomised, investigator blinded, controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> Large, public clinic associated with a referral hospital in Blantyre, Malawi. <b>Participants</b> 491 adults with BMI &lt;18.5. <b>Interventions</b> Ready-to-use fortified spread (n=245) or corn-soy blend (n=246). <b>Main outcome measures</b> Primary outcomes: changes in BMI and fat-free body mass after 3.5 months. Secondary outcomes: survival, CD4 count, HIV viral load, quality of life, and adherence to antiretroviral therapy. <b>Results</b> The mean BMI at enrolment was 16.5. After 14 weeks, patients receiving fortified spread had a greater increase in BMI and fat-free body mass than those receiving corn-soy blend: 2.2 (SD 1.9) <i>v</i> 1.7 (SD 1.6) (difference 0.5, 95% confidence interval 0.2 to 0.8), and 2.9 (SD 3.2) <i>v</i> 2.2 (SD 3.0) kg (difference 0.7 kg, 0.2 to 1.2 kg), respectively. The mortality rate was 27% for those receiving fortified spread and 26% for those receiving corn-soy blend. No significant differences in the CD4 count, HIV viral load, assessment of quality of life, or adherence to antiretroviral therapy were noted between the two groups. <b>Conclusion</b> Supplementary feeding with fortified spread resulted in a greater increase in BMI and lean body mass than feeding with corn-soy blend. <b>Trial registration</b> Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN67515515.