tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The woman on the kerb
Authors: E Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Picture this. A woman is dragging on the remnants of her cigarette, a pushchair perched on the kerb as she tries to cross the road between the heaving traffic. Her child, his face smeared with sticky orange, is sucking on his lolly and inhaling the dark gases from the bus exhaust in front of his nose. A familiar scene to most city dwellers, it nevertheless fills health care professionals and environmentalists alike with a sense of impotence and frustration.

Most doctors entered their profession because, filled with youthful idealism, they believed that they could help to improve the health of their communities. But reorganisations of health services and power struggles now loom so large that many are disillusioned and feel that they are failing in a culture of competition and rationing.

Health and the urban environment were brought sharply into focus at a symposium in Manchester last month that ran alongside Global Forum '94, the official follow up to the earth summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. The symposium was organised by a partnership between the British Council, the UK Health …
SERUM 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN D AND PARATHYROID HORMONE LEVELS DO NOT PREDICT CHANGES IN CAROTID ARTERIAL STIFFNESS AFTER 10 YEARS: THE MULTI-ETHNIC STUDY OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: Adam D. Gepner, Laura Colangelo, Marc Blondon, Claudia Korcarz, Ian H. de Boer, Bryan Kestenbaum, David Siscovick, Joel Kaufman, Kiang Liu, James Stein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Triptolide-Mediated Inhibition of Interferon Signaling Enhances Vesicular Stomatitis Virus-Based Oncolysis
Authors: Fethia Ben Yebdri, Julien Van Grevenynghe, Vera A Tang, Marie-Line Goulet, Jian Hui Wu, David F Stojdl, John Hiscott, Rongtuan Lin
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Preclinical and clinical trials demonstrated that use of oncolytic viruses (OVs) is a promising new therapeutic approach to treat multiple types of cancer. To further improve their viral oncolysis, experimental strategies are now combining OVs with different cytotoxic compounds. In this study, we investigated the capacity of triptolide – a natural anticancer molecule – to enhance vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) oncolysis in OV-resistant cancer cells. Triptolide treatment increased VSV replication in the human prostate cancer cell line PC3 and in other VSV-resistant cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, triptolide (TPL) inhibited the innate antiviral response by blocking type I interferon (IFN) signaling, downstream of IRF3 activation. Furthermore, triptolide-enhanced VSV-induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent fashion in VSV-resistant cells, as measured by annexin-V, cleaved caspase-3, and B-cell lymphoma 2 staining. In vivo, using the TSA mammary adenocarcinoma and PC3 mouse xenograft models, combination treatment with VSV and triptolide delayed tumor growth and prolonged survival of tumor-bearing animals by enhancing viral replication. Together, these results demonstrate that triptolide inhibition of IFN production sensitizes prostate cancer cells to VSV replication and virus-mediated apoptosis. Preclinical and clinical trials demonstrated that use of oncolytic viruses (OVs) is a promising new therapeutic approach to treat multiple types of cancer. To further improve their viral oncolysis, experimental strategies are now combining OVs with different cytotoxic compounds. In this study, we investigated the capacity of triptolide – a natural anticancer molecule – to enhance vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) oncolysis in OV-resistant cancer cells. Triptolide treatment increased VSV replication in the human prostate cancer cell line PC3 and in other VSV-resistant cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, triptolide (TPL) inhibited the innate antiviral response by blocking type I interferon (IFN) signaling, downstream of IRF3 activation. Furthermore, triptolide-enhanced VSV-induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent fashion in VSV-resistant cells, as measured by annexin-V, cleaved caspase-3, and B-cell lymphoma 2 staining. In vivo, using the TSA mammary adenocarcinoma and PC3 mouse xenograft models, combination treatment with VSV and triptolide delayed tumor growth and prolonged survival of tumor-bearing animals by enhancing viral replication. Together, these results demonstrate that triptolide inhibition of IFN production sensitizes prostate cancer cells to VSV replication and virus-mediated apoptosis.
Defending the Public's Health Against Tuberculosis
Authors: Lee B. Reichman
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Twelve years have passed since the unprecedented resurgence of tuberculosis (TB) in the United States. From 1985 to 1992 TB cases increased almost 20% nationally<sup>2</sup>and increased more than 35% in children,<sup>3</sup>along with dramatic changes in the nature and magnitude of the disease.<sup>4</sup>Despite many contributing factors, including the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, increases in substance abuse and homelessness, increased immigration, and lack of patient compliance, concerned observers felt that the TB resurgence was directly due to policymaker neglect of appropriate TB control mandates, which led to the dismantling of programs that had kept TB under control.<sup>5,6</sup> See also pp 833, 838, and 843. The societal response was an unprecedented initiative, a veritable "war" against TB. A multiagency governmental task force was organized to coordinate the effort<sup>7</sup>; huge increases in congressional appropriations for direct support were obtained<sup>6</sup>; major research efforts by government
Reply to Swarnendu Mandal, Apul Goel and Dheeraj Kumar Gupta’s Letter to the Editor re: Jens J. Rassweiler, Michael Müller, Markus Fangerau, et al. iPad-Assisted Percutaneous Access to the Kidney Using Marker-Based Navigation: Initial Clinical Experience. Eur Urol 2012;61:628–31
Authors: Jens Rassweiler
Journal: European Urology (2012)
Spina bifida: early antenatal diagnosis using amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein heterogeneity.
Authors: D J Brock
Journal: BMJ (1979)

When seen in March 1977 she was well and managing her job.She had no signs of heart failure and the prosthetic sounds were normal.Four weeks later she suddenly deyeloped severe chest pains and was admitted.She was in fast atrial fibrillation and was hypotensive.On auscultation the opening and closing clicks of the prosthesis could be heard and there were coarse crepitations at the lung bases.An electrocardiogram showed changes of an inferolateral myocardial infarction, and a chest radiograph showed cardio- megaly with pulmonary oedema (see figure ).A provisional diagnosis of coronary embolism and cardiogenic shock was made, and, despite conserva- tive treatment, she died the following day, 21 hours after her acute collapse.At necropsy the Bjork-Shiley prosthesis was completely detached and lay free in the left atrium.The sutures were intact around the prosthesis ring although they were slightly loose.The edges of the mitral annulus were frayed but no thrombus or vegetations were present.Histological examina- tion showed no evidence of infection or calcification, and there were no myxoid changes.Chest radiograph showing cardiomegaly, pulmonary oedema, and an abnormal position of the Bjork-Shiley mitral prosthesis.
IN VITRO TRANSFORMATION BY THE ADENOVIRUS-SV40 HYBRID VIRUSES
Authors: Paul H. Black, Beverly J. White
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1967)

Primary weanling hamster kidney cultures were transformed with the adeno 2-SV40, adeno 3-SV40, and adeno 12-SV40 hybrid viruses and with adenovirus type 12. The transformed cell lines which were established were characterized with respect to morphology, virus and antigen content, and chromosome aberrations. The adeno 2 and adeno 3-SV40 hybrid transformed cells had the morphology and T antigen content characteristic of SV40 transformations; cells transformed by the former hybrid had cytogenetic changes typical of SV40-transformed cells as well. The adeno 12-SV40 transformed cells were similar morphologically to adeno 12-transformed cells, contained both the SV40 and adeno T antigens and demonstrated the karyotypic instability of SV40-transformed cells, indicating that both viral genomes are operative in these cells. Although the results indicate that the SV40 genome in hybrids derived from the moderately or nononcogenic adenoviruses supplies the determinants for most of the characteristics investigated, and perhaps for oncogenesis, evidence was presented which suggests that a portion of a nononcogenic adenovirus genome may be integrated in adeno 2-SV40 transformed cells and directs the synthesis of adenovirus T antigens.
"Inverse benefit law" explains how drug marketing undermines patient safety
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Rationale</h3> Monocytes play a major role in atherosclerosis progression through migration into the arterial wall. Neutrophil involvement in atherosclerosis was previously only thought to be via enzymatic weakening of the fibrous cap. However, neutrophil depletion can delay atherogenesis and conversely increasing circulating neutrophil enhance plaque progression in mice. Lack of evidence for the presence of neutrophils in atherosclerotic plaques makes their role in disease progression less clear. We have found neutrophil-derived microparticles increase migration of neutrophils. Our hypothesis: neutrophil-derived microparticles increase endothelial cell-monocyte interactions and facilitate monocyte transendothelial migration. <h3>Methodology</h3> Neutrophils were incubated with various agents to stimulate microparticle formation. Microparticles were characterised and quantified using a novel, standardised flow cytometry method and electron microscopy. Monocytes were migrated to MCP-1 across CAEC incubated with neutrophil-derived microparticles using a transendothelial migration assay. Cytokine release and adhesion molecule expression by hCAEC was investigated using a cytometric bead array and fluorescent antibody binding respectively. Microparticle adhesion to hCAECs was investigated under static and flow conditions. <h3>Findings</h3> Neutrophil-derived microparticles were between 0.5 and 0.9µm. The most abundant surface markers were Annexin V with 20-30% positive microparticles, CD66c (10–15%) and CD18 (5–15%). Low levels of CD11b, CXCR2, and L-selectin were observed. More microparticles were produced in response to fMLP and aLDL compared to PBS. Microparticles bind to and induce MCP-1 release from hCAEC. Monocyte migration increased upon hCAEC incubation with neutrophil-derived microparticles and the extent of the increase was dependent on the stimulus used with aLDL&gt;fMLP&gt;PBS. This highlights a role for microparticles in endothelial activation.
Andreas Vesalius, 1564-1964 His Work and Inspiration
Authors: John B. deC. M. Saunders
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The great book of Andreas  of Brussels, theDe humani corporis fabrica, Basle, 1543, uniquely ushered in modern science and medicine. Because of the overwhelming power and significance of this masterpiece there is a tendency to dismiss his other writings as minor and of no significance. The late Charles Singer, in a discussion on the philosophic background of Vesalius, states without equivocation, Vesalius is a man of one  and he continues, One may almost say that heisa book for, despite all that is written on him, his personality is very dim.1This categorical statement by Singer displays an unwonted degree of myopia in this eminent medical historian. However, if we wish to study either  or his book, the so-called minor works become of great importance for they disclose with great clarity not only the personality of the author but, even more importantly, the forces
An Array of Sunshine in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: David A Dyment, George C Ebers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Multiple sclerosis is the most common nontraumatic disorder of the central nervous system in young adults. Twenty years after the onset of disease, 90 percent of cases will have entered a progressive phase.Strong circumstantial evidence implicates an autoimmune mechanism in multiple sclerosis. The results of family studies illustrate the importance of genes in the familial aggregation of the disease. However, most monozygotic twins are discordant for the disease, and the markedly reduced risk of susceptible populations in subtropical regions demonstrates the substantial role of environmental effects.As in many putatively autoimmune diseases, susceptibility to multiple sclerosis is governed in . . .
Self monitoring of blood pressure at home: Primary care professionals remain sceptical
Authors: Malcolm Aylett
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Users' guide to detecting misleading claims in researchMisleading claims may be symptom of even more serious flaws Editor-Montori et al justifiably draw attention to misleading claims in published clinical trials. 1 This is a serious and common problem. 2 3 However, I object to their radical proposal that only the methods and results sections should be read, while the remainder of the paper should be ignored.The proposal is inconsistent with the title of their paper, "Users' guide to detecting misleading claims in clinical research reports." 1 How are these misleading claims to be identified if the sections containing them are omitted?Furthermore, anyone capable of critically appraising a trial solely on the basis of the methods and results is unlikely to be fooled by misleading claims in the discussion.But, more importantly, the proposal would deprive the discerning reader of witnessing the conflict between the results and the unwarranted conclusions.If researchers are willing to disseminate misleading claims then their integrity is brought into question.But if so, then all aspects of the trial-including the methods and results sections-are also brought into question.Misleading claims should be identified and broadcast loudly for they signal doubts about the entire study.Large scale randomised trials create the ideal conditions for data manipulation.Yet this is merely one of a multitude of problems stemming from a flawed method. 3 The remedy?When reading a study, ignore everything except the number of patients recruited.If this is large proceed no further as there is little prospect of encountering any data of genuine benefit to patients.
METHOD FOR OBTAINING RAPID BACTERIAL GROWTH IN CULTURES FROM PATIENTS UNDER TREATMENT WITH SULFONAMIDES
Authors: Charles A. Janeway
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Since the introduction of the sulfonamide drugs for the therapy of bacterial infections, it has often been difficult to obtain positive cultures from patients under treatment. In most cases this is because the bacteria have actually disappeared from the lesion or the blood stream. In other cases, however, when the patient is obviously ill and not responding satisfactorily to treatment, cultures may grow out slowly if at all. Occasionally a patient is seen at home by a physician without facilities for taking cultures, who makes the diagnosis and puts the patient on chemotherapy. If the response is unsatisfactory, the patient is sent to the hospital, where, because of the presence of sulfonamide in the body fluids, it becomes exceedingly difficult to make an accurate bacteriologic diagnosis and hence to institute proper therapy. We have encountered several such cases recently. One patient with purulent meningitis had been heavily treated with sulfanilamide
63. A Nonhuman Primate Model for Testing Immuno Gene Therapies for AIDS Using Gene-Protected T Cells
Authors: Joern E. Schmitz, Felix Hermann, Sebastian Newrzela, Melisa Ricketts, Patricia Schult-Dietrich, Alexander Szyroki, Robert P. Johnson, Dorothee vonLaer
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Peptides derived from the heptad repeat 2 region (HR2) of HIV gp41 (C-peptides) effectively inhibit entry of HIV at the level of virus membrane fusion. A retroviral vector (M87o) expressing a membrane-anchored C-peptide was developed that also has strong antiviral activity in T cell lines and primary T lymphocytes (Egelhofer et al., J.Virol., 2004). M87o was shown to inhibit viral entry more than 10,000-fold in single round infection assays.
New Findings Challenge Thinking About Anemia, Iron Deficiency, and Heart Risk
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Preloaded Insulin Syringes for Unreliable Diabetics
Authors: Murry G. Fischer
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Although most diabetics who require insulin can be taught the mechanics of self-administration, older patients may present a special problem. They frequently have reduced visual acuity, making it difficult for them to see the markings on the syringes. Many will not admit that this problem exists; they often do not wear their glasses and make rough "guesstimates" of how much they withdraw into the syringe. Varying degrees of senility may be present, and, although capable of the mechanics of administration, they are sometimes difficult to convince that they must not take more than instructed. They may take "just a little more" because of increased food intake or just to "finish up the bottle." This can result in varying degrees of hypoglycemia with its attendant dangers. The physician, who is reasonably certain that he has correctly determined the proper insulin dosage, is puzzled and vexed. Problems with one
IMMUNOCHEMICAL STUDY OF ANTIGENIC SPECIFICITY IN DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY
Authors: Sidney Leskowitz, Valerie E. Jones, Soloman J. Zak
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

Hapten-specific delayed hypersensitivity was produced by immunization of guinea pigs with arsanilic acid conjugated to N-acetyltyrosine or other small aromatic molecules. Such hapten-specific delayed sensitivity could be passively transferred by peritoneal exudate cells. While a conjugate made from a polymer of D-amino acids was ineffective in producing sensitization, the conjugate made with D-tyrosine was effective, suggesting that the inability of D-amino acid polymers to be broken down by enzymes might be bypassed by use of the monomer. The effectiveness of such monomers in producing delayed sensitivity, but not antibody production, is consistent with a hypothesis that different types of antigenic determinants are involved in the production of each.
Risk / Benefit Considerations in Antiarrhythmic Therapy
Authors: Raymond L. Woosley
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In this issue ofThe Journal, Nygaard et al<sup>1</sup>report a very high incidence of serious adverse experiences with antiarrhythmic drugs during the utilization of what has become the "state-of-the-art" approach to the treatment of patients with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. This experience is not unique to this group of investigators, is certainly not due to misuse of these agents, and may be found embodied in many other reports that have emphasized the antiarrhythmic efficacy of these agents.<sup>2</sup>The conclusions and warnings of these investigators warrant repetition, emphasis, and elaboration. First, as mentioned by the authors, it should be emphasized that these results, as alarming as they are, actually underestimate the magnitude of the problem. Many patients were exposed to the drugs for short periods, limiting the occurrence of chronic toxic reactions. Furthermore, the authors have not attempted to report the incidence of aggravation of arrhythmia by the drugs.
Mechanism of Hyperventilation in Acute Cerebrovascular Accidents
Authors: D. J. Lane, M. W. Rout, D. H. Williamson
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid and arterial blood acid-base state were assessed in 19 patients within 24 hours of an acute cerebrovascular accident. Those with haemorrhage into the C.S.F. showed a lower C.S.F. pH and higher C.S.F. lactate than those without haemorrhage but the Pco(2), was similar in the two groups, suggesting that this greater C.S.F. acidity was not responsible for a greater degree of hyperventilation. In those without haemorrhage an inverse relation was found between C.S.F. pH and arterial Pco(2), suggesting that a non-chemical ventilatory drive-for example, due to central neurological damage-was responsible for the acid-base changes observed.
Endothelial cell damage and thrombus formation after partial arterial constriction: relevance to the role of coronary artery spasm in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction.
Authors: S D Gertz, G Uretsky, R S Wajnberg, N Navot, M S Gotsman
Journal: Circulation (1981)

The left anterior descending coronary artery of four dogs and the right common carotid artery of 15 rabbits were subjected to 40-60% reduction in transluminal diameter for 1 hour by partial ligation with suture thread. Scanning electron microscopic examination of the luminal surface of these vessels revealed endothelial craters and balloons, fragmentation and desquamation on the proximal slope of the constriction. Platelet attachment to exposed subendothelial tissues was clearly evident, and microthrombi were seen at the point of maximum constriction. Blood flow, as measured by electromagnetic flow probe, was virtually unchanged upon partial ligation. In control studies, where a second ligature was placed proximal to and before the first to reduce blood to the distal constriction site substantially or totally, endothelial desquamation was found in only one of 14 animals, and the number of craters and balloons was significantly reduced. We suggest that endothelial damage and thrombus formation may occur at the site of focal arterial constriction even when the reduction in transluminal diameter is insufficient to alter substantially the rate of flow.