tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Case of Ear-Sneezing
Authors: J. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1879)

My attempt at lithectasy was, I fear, a poor one.With a proper tent, or a three-bladed dilator, or both, the urethra might possibly have been sufficiently dilated to permit the removal of the stone.At any rate, if I meet such another case, and the stone is of moderate size, I will give this method a fair trial before proceeding to lithotomy.In attempting to crush the stone as I did, I did more harm than good.
Essex hospital declares major incident caused by "unprecedented demand" on emergency service
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A major incident was declared at Colchester General Hospital on 13 November after “unprecedented demand” from emergency department admissions and concerns about the way some patients were being treated.

The emergency assessment unit at the hospital in northeast Essex has been closed to new patients and an emergency control centre set up to deal with problems concerning capacity. Patients have been urged to use the hospital’s emergency department only if they have a serious or life threatening condition.

Concerns at the hospital led inspectors from the Care and Quality Commission (CQC) to make an unannounced inspection of its emergency department and assessment unit on 12 November. The report of the inspection has not yet been published, …
Aire Deficiency Promotes TRP-1–Specific Immune Rejection of Melanoma
Authors: Meng-Lei Zhu, Anil Nagavalli, Maureen A. Su
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The thymic transcription factor autoimmune regulator (Aire) prevents autoimmunity in part by promoting expression of tissue-specific self-antigens, which include many cancer antigens. For example, AIRE-deficient patients are predisposed to vitiligo, an autoimmune disease of melanocytes that is often triggered by efficacious immunotherapies against melanoma. Therefore, we hypothesized that Aire deficiency in mice may elevate immune responses to cancer and provide insights into how such responses might be triggered. In this study, we show that Aire deficiency decreases thymic expression of TRP-1 (TYRP1), which is a self-antigen in melanocytes and a cancer antigen in melanomas. Aire deficiency resulted in defective negative selection of TRP-1–specific T cells without affecting thymic numbers of regulatory T cells. Aire-deficient mice displayed elevated T-cell immune responses that were associated with suppression of melanoma outgrowth. Furthermore, transplantation of Aire-deficient thymic stroma was sufficient to confer more effective immune rejection of melanoma in an otherwise Aire wild-type host. Together, our work showed how Aire deficiency can enhance immune responses against melanoma and how manipulating TRP-1–specific T-cell negative selection may offer a logical strategy to enhance immune rejection of melanoma. Cancer Res; 73(7); 2104–16. ©2013 AACR.
Hypertrichosis due to minoxidil
Authors: J. L. BURTON, A. MARSHALL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

A case of hypertrichosis due to the hypotensive drug minoxidil is described. A review of the literature suggests that this complication appears in nearly all patients treated with this drug. The mechanism is unknown, but the similarity to the cases of hypertrichosis due to diazoxide, another potent vasodilator, suggests that increased cutaneous blood flow may be a factor.
Dosage of Carbolic Acid.
Authors: W. Laurence Stevenson
Journal: JAMA (1903)

New Orleans, La., Nov. 2, 1903. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In an editorial inThe Journal, October 31, you express surprise at the possibility of administering carbolic acid in more than 7-drop doses without grave results. I, too, had been taught to regard the internal administration of carbolic acid as a dangerous procedure until I became a surgeon in the British African service in 1893, where I learned that 15-drop doses often repeated afforded the best cure for the diarrhea and dysentery so prevalent and fatal along the west coast of Africa.
NHS hospitals will be able to raise up to half their income from private patients
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The number of private patients seen and treated at NHS hospitals is set to increase substantially under the government’s proposed health reforms currently going through parliament.

An amendment introduced just before Christmas to the Health and Social Care Bill while it was being debated in the House of Lords will dramatically increase the proportion of income that foundation trusts are allowed to derive from non-NHS work.

A cap was placed on the amount of income foundation trusts are able to raise from non-NHS work when they were created in 2003. The cap was introduced because of controversy over the freedoms foundation trusts would have in deciding how their services were run compared with non-foundation trusts and is set as …
A longitudinal study of chronic lead exposure and physical growth in Boston children.
Authors: R Kim, H Hu, A Rotnitzky, D Bellinger, H Needleman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

We investigated the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between chronic exposure to lead and physical growth among a cohort of children reassessed 13 years after initial examination. We measured weight, height, and dentin lead levels of 270 children in 1975-78. In 1989-1990 we reexamined 79 of these children for measurement of weight, height, and bone lead levels by means of in vivo K X-ray fluorescence. To avoid potential confounding by race and chelation history, analysis was restricted to white subjects without a history of lead chelation therapy. A total of 236 subjects provided complete information for the study of cross-sectional relationship between dentin lead levels and changes in physical growth: 58 subjects for the study of longitudinal relationship between dentin lead levels and changes in physical growth and 54 subjects for the study of longitudinal relationship between bone lead levels and changes in physical growth. Dentin lead levels averaged 14.9 micrograms/g; tibia and patella lead levels averaged 1.2 and 5.0 micrograms/g, respectively. With control for potential confounders including age, sex, baseline body size, and mother's socioeconomic status, log10 dentin lead level was positively associated with body mass index as of 1975-1978 (beta = 1.02, p = 0.03) and increase in body mass index between 1975-78 and 1989-90 (beta = 2.65, p = 0.03). Bone lead levels were not significantly associated with physical growth. This is the first study relating chronic lead exposure to body mass index. The results suggest that chronic lead exposure in childhood may result in obesity that persists into adulthood.
Combined skin prick and patch testing enhances identification of peanut‐allergic patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: S. Seidenari, F. Giusti, L. Bertoni, L. Mantovani
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Food atopy patch tests (APTs) are considered a useful tool for the diagnosis of food allergy. Hypersensitivity to peanuts has not been investigated by means of APTs so far.APTs and skin prick tests (SPTs) with peanuts were performed in 136 atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. Relevance of positive and negative responses to these tests was assessed by repeated open challenges with peanuts.Nine percent of our AD patients reacted to the challenge. Positive responses to APTs were recorded in 19% of the patients, whereas in 12% positive SPTs were observed. APTs were more frequently positive in subjects with eczematous responses after challenge with respect to those with urticarial reactions. SPT reactivity proved to be higher in patients above 12 years of age, whereas APT positivity was more frequent in children under 6 years. APT sensitivity proved significantly higher than SPT sensitivity, in particular in children under 12 years of age. On the contrary, SPT specificity and positive predictive value were significantly higher with respect to those of APT in the age group of subjects under 6 years of age.Our data suggest that APTs with peanuts may represent a useful integration to standard testing modalities employed for the diagnosis of peanut allergy in AD patients.
Chenodeoxycholic Acid Treatment of Gallstones
Authors: John H. Iser, R. Hermon Dowling, H.Y.I. Mok, G.D. Bell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

We treated 70 patients with gallstones with chenodeoxycholic acid over 3 1/2 years and analyzed the factors influencing the outcome of therapy. This treatment was unsuccessful in 11 patients with radiopaque gallstones and in seven with nonfunctioning gallbladders, but 64 per cent with radiolucent gallstones treated for six months or more showed partial or complete gallstone dissolution, and of those whose bile became unsaturated with cholesterol, 100 per cent had evidence of dissolution. In patients with partial or complete gallstone dissolution, the mean post-treatment biliary cholesterol saturation index--0.78 +/- 0.04 (S.E.M.)--was significantly less (P less than 0.001), and the dose of chenodeoxycholic acid (14.4 +/- 1.0 mg per kilogram of body weight per day) significantly more (P less than 0.025) than in those whose gallstones did not change (1.15 +/- 0.04 and 10.6 +/- 1.2 respectively). In patients with radiolucent gallstones, the dose of chenodeoxycholic acid should be based on body weight; 14 to 15 mg per kilogram of body weight per day effectively lowers the saturation index and dissolves gallstones.
What urologists say they do for men with prostate cancer
Authors: M. Emberton
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Papers p 299 

I used to tell patients having difficulty deciding what treatment to choose for their early prostate cancer that they could get any medical opinion they wanted. Some colleagues have long preferred no treatment (watchful waiting), whereas others have thought radical prostatectomy the most reliable treatment. Several referred all such men for external beam radiotherapy. I used to make the point that if three good doctors could offer such different treatments to the same individual then there couldn't be that much difference between the treatments in terms of their efficacy. Pauker and Kassirer have recently argued that when key elements of outcome are similar between two or more treatments patients should focus on other, more personal considerations when making their decisions.1

It looks as though I will have to modify my advice. The survey of urologists reported on p 299 shows that patients can no longer get any opinion they want.2 If they are young (aged 70 or less) they will be offered radical …
Probiotics for treatment of acute diarrhoea in children: randomised clinical trial of five different preparations
Authors: Roberto Berni Canani, Pia Cirillo, Gianluca Terrin, Luisa Cesarano, Maria Immacolata Spagnuolo, Anna De Vincenzo, Fabio Albano, Annalisa Passariello, Giulio De Marco, Francesco Manguso, Alfredo Guarino
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<b>Objective</b> To compare the efficacy of five probiotic preparations recommended to parents in the treatment of acute diarrhoea in children. <b>Design </b>Randomised controlled clinical trial in collaboration with family paediatricians over 12 months. <b>Setting</b> Primary care. <b>Participants </b>Children aged 3-36 months visiting a family paediatrician for acute diarrhoea. <b>Intervention</b> Children9s parents were randomly assigned to receive written instructions to purchase a specific probiotic product: oral rehydration solution (control group); <i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i> strain GG; <i>S</i><i>accharomyces boulardii</i>; <i>Bacillus clausii</i>; mix of <i>L delbrueckii</i> var <i>bulgaricus</i>, <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i>, <i>L acidophilus</i>, and <i>Bifidobacterium bifidum</i>; or <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> SF68. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Primary outcomes were duration of diarrhoea and daily number and consistency of stools. Secondary outcomes were duration of vomiting and fever and rate of admission to hospital. Safety and tolerance were also recorded. <b>Results</b> 571 children were allocated to intervention. Median duration of diarrhoea was significantly shorter (P&lt;0.001) in children who received <i>L rhamnosus</i> strain GG (78.5 hours) and the mix of four bacterial strains (70.0 hours) than in children who received oral rehydration solution alone (115.0 hours). One day after the first probiotic administration, the daily number of stools was significantly lower (P&lt;0.001) in children who received <i>L rhamnosus</i> strain GG and in those who received the probiotic mix than in the other groups. The remaining preparations did not affect primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes were similar in all groups. <b>Conclusions</b> Not all commercially available probiotic preparations are effective in children with acute diarrhoea. Paediatricians should choose bacterial preparations based on effectiveness data. <b>Trial registration number</b> Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN56067537.
Pulmonary Insufficiency and Respiratory Failure
Authors: Bruce W. Armstrong
Journal: JAMA (1967)

In our medical generation it has seemed that the pulmonary disease specialists might work themselves out of a job. First, they all but eliminated most complications of the pneumonias. Then they used streptomycin, isoniazid, and aminosalicylic acid so skillfully that most tuberculosis sanitoriums were forced to close. But nature, in characteristic top form, found the flaw —in those of us who escaped empyema, bronchiectasis, or tuberculosis so that we could live long enough to smoke too many cigarettes for too many years. As a result some of us are destined to become blue bloaters, others pink puffers. And, whatever form of chronic respiratory disorder we may have, many of us are candidates for chronic pulmonary insufficiency or, worse, acute respiratory failure.  Although he is well qualified to do so, Giles Filley (with collaboration from Drs. Roger Mitchell, Tom Petty, John Weil, Bernard E. Levine, and D. Boyd Bigelow) has not
Abstract 406: Monitoring inflammation and therapeutic response with clinically translational 19F MRI
Authors: Brooke M. Helfer, Anthony Balducci, Amy Wesa
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Non- invasive monitoring of inflammation to both diagnose disease and evaluate treatment is critically needed. V-Sense, a perfluorocarbon tracer agent that labels circulating inflammatory cells, which are then recruited out of circulation to sites of inflammation, enables detection by 19F MRI. Due to negligible 19F background in the host, detection of 19F and thus inflammation is highly-specific. Inflammation is a noted predecessor to several types of cancer such as colon, ovarian, pancreatic and prostate cancer and also contributes to the progression of metastatic disease. Using a collagen-induced arthritis model, where the inflammatory process is well understood, we demonstrate the ability to monitor development, progression, and treatment of inflammation. Disease progression in the rat hind limbs was monitored by caliper measurements and 19F MRI on days 14, 21 and 28, including the height of clinically symptomatic disease. Naïve rats served as controls. The capacity of V-Sense to assess the effectiveness of therapy was studied in a cohort of rats administered oral prednisolone on days 14 to 28. Terminal histopathological analysis was also performed. Comparison of caliper measurements to the 19F accumulation, from 19F MRI, validated the quanitative nature of this approach. This study supports the use of V-Sense to monitor and quantify the inflammatory process in disease, including the development of and treatment cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 406. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-406
Prolongation of skin allograft survival in rats by the transplantation of microencapsulated xenogeneic neonatal porcine Sertoli cells
Authors: Giovanni Bistoni, Mario Calvitti, Francesca Mancuso, Iva Arato, Giulia Falabella, Rosa Cucchia, Francesca Fallarino, Alessio Becchetti, Tiziano Baroni, Stefania Mazzitelli, Claudio Nastruzzi, Maria Bodo, Ennio Becchetti, Don F. Cameron, Giovanni Luca, Riccardo Calafiore
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
The English Sweating Sickness, 1485 to 1551
Authors: G Thwaites, M Taviner, V Gant
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

In the summer of 1485, a rapidly fatal infectious fever struck England: “A newe Kynde of sickness came through the whole region, which was so sore, so peynfull, and sharp, that the lyke was never harde of to any mannes rememberance before that tyme.”1 Sudor Anglicus, later known as the English sweating sickness, was characterized by sudden headaches, myalgia, fever, profuse sweating, and dyspnea. Four additional epidemics were reported in the summers of 1508, 1517, 1528, and 1551, after which the disease abruptly disappeared. Contemporary observers distinguished the condition from plague, malaria, and typhus.2 Later suggestions included influenza,3,4 food . . .
High-tech Care Can Save Lives—But It Also May Create Incentives That Result in Lives Lost
Authors: Austin Frakt
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Ina news story about the care provided to premature infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), reporter Alex Halperin illuminated themiracles and unintended consequences of health care technology. With the use of modern methods, vastly more premature infants now survive early birth—often by many weeks, even months—thanwas imagined possible a few decades ago. That’s amazing. It’salsoextremelyexpensive.Thecostof medicalcareforasinglepremature infantcan total hundreds of thousands, even a million dollars, in just the first severalmonths. Of course, insurance cushions the financial blow for families with coverage. The large insurance payments that hospitals with NICUs receive for saving premature infants’ lives are also good business. Halperin documented how high insurance payments for NICU care help subsidize less profitable hospital services. This serves as an incentive for hospitals to invest in NICUs and to expand the sophistication of technology they offer. Healtheconomistshave longpointedto the march of technological progress as the driver of ever higher health care spending, even as it improves and saves lives. Health insuranceplays amediating role, by spread-
Time-course of insulin degradation in perifused isolated rat adipose cells.
Authors: C T Huber, S S Solomon, W C Duckworth
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

Isolated fat cells from rat epididymal adipose tissue were preincubated with 50 microU/ml (0.33 nM) 125I-insulin at 23 degrees C to enhance binding while retarding degradation. The fat cells were then perifused at that temperature to remove unbound 125I-insulin, and fractions of perifusate were collected each minute. The temperature of the cells in the perifusion chamber was then rapidly increased to 37 degrees C, and perifusion was continued. The fat cells degraded a portion of the bound 125I-insulin measured by loss of immunoprecipitability with excess antisera to insulin. The percentage of degraded 125I-insulin dissociating from the fat cells increased progressively with time at 37 degrees C, and the rateof dissociation of 125I-insulin degradation products showed a first-order dependence on the amount of degraded 125I-insulin bound to the cells. To explain this first-order dependence it is necessary to postulate a "processing" step after binding and before degradation. The first-order rate constant at 37 degrees C is 0.023 +/- 0.004 min-1. Fast and slow dissociating components can be resolved from kinetic plots of the dissociation of undegraded 125I-insulin (immunoprecipitable) from the isolated fat cells. The antilipolytic activity of the 125I-insulin on epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis is evident over much of the time-course of dissociation. A model for the degradation of insulin bound to isolated fat cells is discussed.
Cryohypophysectomy in Diabetes
Authors: DAVID H. SPODICK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Letters and Comments1 July 1970Cryohypophysectomy in DiabetesDAVID H. SPODICK, M.D.DAVID H. SPODICK, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-73-1-141 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The paper by Krieger, Sirota, and Lieberman (Cryohypophysectomy for diabetic retinopathy, Ann Intern Med 72:309-316, 1970) is an example of good work by excellent physicians. Sadly, like many other superb technical and scientific reports, it raises a much-neglected issue: Where are the controls? The authors themselves recognize the need for "prospective, systematic, carefully controlled investigation." in their very last paragraph.The point I am raising is that the same standards should be applied to surgical procedures as to medical therapyfrom the outsetbecause the same questions are raised byanynew treatment. Once the technical feasibility... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Cardiology Division Lemuel Shattuck Hospital Boston, Mass. 02130 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1970Volume 73, Issue 1Page: 141-142KeywordsDiabetic retinopathy ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Prospective Study of Physical Activity and Risk of Asthma Exacerbations in Older Women
Authors: Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Raphaëlle Varraso, Josep M. Antó, Carlos A. Camargo
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

The potential role of physical activity in preventing asthma exacerbations is unknown.To investigate the longitudinal association between regular physical activity and asthma exacerbations.A total of 2,818 women with asthma from a large U.S. cohort (the Nurses' Health Study) were monitored from 1998 to 2000. Physical activity was self-reported at baseline, using a validated questionnaire, and categorized in quintiles. Exacerbations during follow-up were defined as a self-report of asthma-related hospitalization, emergency department visit, or urgent office visit. Baseline information about severity of asthma, treatment, previous exacerbations, sociodemographic factors, smoking, and other potential confounders was obtained.Participants had a mean age of 63 years, and 71% had mild-to-moderate persistent asthma. About half of the women were ever-smokers (48% former, 6% current), and median physical activity was 10 MET x hours/week (equivalent to walking at a brisk pace for 20 minutes three times per week). Risk of exacerbations during follow-up decreased with increasing level of physical activity. In a multivariate logistic regression model, the higher level of physical activity, the lower risk of admission (odds ratio 0.85, 0.81, 0.78, and 0.76, for the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th quintiles compared with the 1st quintile, P for trend = 0.05). There were no relevant differences on stratifying by age group, smoking status, body mass index, baseline use of inhaled corticosteroids, or previous exacerbations.Regular physical activity was associated with reduced risk of exacerbations in women with asthma in this longitudinal study.