tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Systemic Actinomyces Infection
Authors: Morton A. Schiffer
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  I would like to comment on the article by de la Monte and co-workers entitled Systemic Actinomyces Infection (1982;248: 1876). In their article, the authors presented an interesting case report of persistent systemic actinomycosis infection and a brain abscess that developed several years after removal of the uterus, both fallopian tubes, and one  with a tubo-ovarian abscess. Review of the pathologic condition revealed Actinomyces israelii in both tubes, the uterus, and the ovarian abscess.  In addition to not being treated with therapeutic doses of antibiotics that the authors noted and commented on, it would seem that the remaining  may have been the offender and responsible for the persistent systemic actinomycosis infection. It is not easy to assess the presence or absence of infection in a normal ovary when there is an abscess in the other. Nonvisible lymphatic or vascular involvement may well be present in
An unrestrained proinflammatory M1 macrophage population induced by iron impairs wound healing in humans and mice
Authors: Anca Sindrilaru, Thorsten Peters, Stefan Wieschalka, Corina Baican, Adrian Baican, Henriette Peter, Adelheid Hainzl, Susanne Schatz, Yu Qi, Andrea Schlecht, Johannes M. Weiss, Meinhard Wlaschek, Cord Sunderkötter, Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Uncontrolled macrophage activation is now considered to be a critical event in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and chronic venous leg ulcers. However, it is still unclear which environmental cues induce persistent activation of macrophages in vivo and how macrophage-derived effector molecules maintain chronic inflammation and affect resident fibroblasts essential for tissue homeostasis and repair. We used a complementary approach studying human subjects with chronic venous leg ulcers, a model disease for macrophage-driven chronic inflammation, while establishing a mouse model closely reflecting its pathogenesis. Here, we have shown that iron overloading of macrophages--as was found to occur in human chronic venous leg ulcers and the mouse model--induced a macrophage population in situ with an unrestrained proinflammatory M1 activation state. Via enhanced TNF-α and hydroxyl radical release, this macrophage population perpetuated inflammation and induced a p16(INK4a)-dependent senescence program in resident fibroblasts, eventually leading to impaired wound healing. This study provides insight into the role of what we believe to be a previously undescribed iron-induced macrophage population in vivo. Targeting this population may hold promise for the development of novel therapies for chronic inflammatory diseases such as chronic venous leg ulcers.
Model dependent behaviour of pressure hypertrophied myocardium
Authors: G. COOPER, R. J TOMANEK
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1987)

Journal Article Model dependent behaviour of pressure hypertrophied myocardium Get access GEORGE COOPER, IV, GEORGE COOPER, IV ** From the Cardiology Section of the Department of Medicine and the Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Address for correspondence and reprint: Dr George Cooper IV, Cardiology Section, Department of Medicine, V A Medical Center, 109 Bee Street, Charleston, SC 29403, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ROBERT J TOMANEK ROBERT J TOMANEK † From the Department of Anatomy and Cardiovascular Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 21, Issue 5, May 1987, Pages 342–351, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/21.5.342 Published: 01 May 1987 Article history Received: 27 January 1986 Accepted: 27 August 1986 Published: 01 May 1987
Diagnosis of functional kidney failure of cirrhosis with Doppler sonography: Prognostic value of resistive index
Authors: Albert Maroto, Angels Ginès, Joan Saló, Joan Clària, Pere Ginès, Luis Anibarro, Wladimiro Jiménez, Vicente Arroyo, Juan Rodés
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

Time-velocity wave-form analysis of Doppler signals from small intrarenal arteries allows estimation of intrarenal arteriolar vascular resistance. Among the various indexes proposed, the resistive index is the most widely used for this estimation. To investigate whether the resistive index is useful in the diagnosis of functional kidney failure and prediction of survival in cirrhotic patients with ascites, we measured resistive index, kidney and liver function and plasma levels of renin, aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone in 10 healthy subjects, 12 patients with compensated cirrhosis and 32 patients with cirrhosis and ascites (17 with kidney failure). A total of 28 clinical and laboratory variables were analyzed for prognostic value. Resistive index was significantly increased in patients with kidney failure (0.74 ± 0.01) compared with those in the other three groups (0.64 ± 0.01, 0.64 ± 0.02 and 0.67 ± 0.01) and correlated significantly with glomerular filtration rate, arterial pressure, plasma renin activity and free water clearance in the cirrhotic patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the resistive index in detecting kidney failure in patients with ascites were 71% and 80%, respectively. Nine variables were correlated with survival in the univariate analysis, including resistive index, age, hepatomegaly, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, plasma sodium concentration, glomerular filtration rate, plasma renin activity and plasma concentration of antidiuretic hormone. Multivariate analysis disclosed only three independent predictors of survival: plasma renin activity, plasma concentration of antidiuretic hormone and serum sodium concentration. In conclusion, resistive index is a sensitive method to assess intrarenal hemodynamics in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. It also has predictive value for survival in these patients. (Hepatology 1994;20:839–844).
Health-related aspects of integrated pest management.
Authors: R F Smith, D J Calvert
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1976)

Basic concepts and philosophy of integrated pest management are presented in order to dispel several misconceptions and to provide the necessary background information for discussion of its relationship to the health-related effects of pesticide use. Implications for human health of current pesticide practices in Central America are examined to illustrate major problems associated with the injudicious use of insecticides, i.e., human pesticide poisonings, development of insect resistance, and persistence in the environment. Mitigation of these problems would ideally be achieved through the efforts and cooperation of a multidisciplinary team of scientists and technical people in the medical and agricultural sciences. The dilemma associated with the development of integrated pest control systems in developing countries is discussed. The FAO/UNEP Global Programme was reviewed.
Long-term Use of Aspirin and Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Barbara E. K. Klein, Kerri P. Howard, Ronald E. Gangnon, Jennifer O. Dreyer, Kristine E. Lee, Ronald Klein
Journal: JAMA (2012)

<h3>Context</h3>Aspirin is widely used for relief of pain and for cardioprotective effects. Its use is of concern to ophthalmologists when ocular surgery is being considered and also in the presence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).<h3>Objective</h3>To examine the association of regular aspirin use with incidence of AMD.<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>The Beaver Dam Eye Study, a longitudinal population-based study of age-related eye diseases conducted in Wisconsin. Examinations were performed every 5 years over a 20-year period (1988-1990 through 2008-2010). Study participants (N = 4926) were aged 43 to 86 years at the baseline examination. At subsequent examinations, participants were asked if they had regularly used aspirin at least twice a week for more than 3 months.<h3>Main Outcome Measure</h3>Incidence of early AMD, late AMD, and 2 subtypes of late AMD (neovascular AMD and pure geographic atrophy), assessed in retinal photographs according to the Wisconsin Age-Related Maculopathy Grading System.<h3>Results</h3>The mean duration of follow-up was 14.8 years. There were 512 incident cases of early AMD (of 6243 person-visits at risk) and 117 incident cases of late AMD (of 8621 person-visits at risk) over the course of the study. Regular aspirin use 10 years prior to retinal examination was associated with late AMD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.63 [95% CI, 1.01-2.63]; P = .05), with estimated incidence of 1.76% (95% CI, 1.17%-2.64%) in regular users and 1.03% (95% CI, 0.70%-1.51%) in nonusers. For subtypes of late AMD, regular aspirin use 10 years prior to retinal examination was significantly associated with neovascular AMD (HR, 2.20 [95% CI, 1.20-4.15]; P = .01) but not pure geographic atrophy (HR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.25-1.95]; P = .45). Aspirin use 5 years (HR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.71-1.05]; P = .13) or 10 years (HR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.65-1.13]; P = .28) prior to retinal examination was not associated with incident early AMD.<h3>Conclusions</h3>Among an adult cohort, aspirin use 5 years prior to observed incidence was not associated with incident early or late AMD. However, regular aspirin use 10 years prior was associated with a small but statistically significant increase in the risk of incident late and neovascular AMD.
The Canal at Saint-Mammès
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Protective effect of vasodilators on liver function after long hypothermic preservation: A study in the isolated perfused rat liver
Authors: Olivier Chazouillères, François Ballet, Yves Chrétien, Philippe Marteau, Colette Rey, Dominique Maillard, Raoul Poupon
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

The effects of two vasodilators, papaverine and pentoxifylline (a methylxanthine derivative), on liver function after 19 hr hypothermic preservation were investigated. Hypothermic preservation was performed according to the standard technique, and liver hemodynamics and function were studied during 70 min immediately after reperfusion in an isolated perfused rat liver system. No significant changes occurred after hypothermic storage for 5 hr. However, when the storage was prolonged to 19 hr, bile flow and taurocholate intrinsic clearance were significantly reduced; transaminase release was markedly increased and histological studies demonstrated centrilobular necrosis. Concomitantly, liver blood flow was significantly reduced and intrahepatic vascular resistance was increased. Papaverine and pentoxifylline administered during preservation and at the time of reperfusion significantly improved all parameters. The improvement was more pronounced after pentoxifylline, and this group showed no significant difference in any of the studied parameters from the control livers. The results show that two vasodilators significantly protect the liver during long hypothermic preservation. The data suggest that abnormalities of liver microcirculation are of major importance in the pathogenesis of liver injury after hypothermic storage.
An Address ON THE EVOLUTION OF TOXAEMIC IRITIS: Delivered at the Oxford Ophthalmological Congress, July, 1914
Authors: W. M. Beaumont
Journal: BMJ (1914)

X sHoET time ago I read a paper on iritis at thle Royal Society of Meclicine, and it is witlh solme lhesitation that I retulrni to the subject.'The origin of inflammation, not only of the eye, but also of all parts of tlle body, is engyaging the attention of workers in tlle field of biology, witlh the result tllat the science and art of medcicine and surFgery are profoundly influe-nced by nmodern conceptions.
Evolutionary functions of neuroendocrine response to social environment
Authors: Mark Flinn, Charles Baerwald, Seamus Decker, Barry England
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

The human neuroendocrine system is highly sensitive to the social environment. Hormones such as testosterone and cortisol are released in response to a wide variety of social stimuli. The evolutionary functions of this sensitivity are not well understood. Longitudinal monitoring of hormones, behavior, and social environment is a promising research paradigm for solving these evolutionary puzzles.
Harnessing endogenous miR-181a to segregate transgenic antigen receptor expression in developing versus post-thymic T cells in murine hematopoietic chimeras
Authors: Eirini P. Papapetrou, Damian Kovalovsky, Laurent Beloeil, Derek Sant’Angelo, Michel Sadelain
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting complementary sequences, referred to as miRNA recognition elements (MREs), typically located in the 3′ untranslated region of mRNAs. miR-181a is highly expressed in developing thymocytes and markedly downregulated in post-thymic T cells. We investigated whether endogenous miR-181a can be harnessed to segregate expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) and TCRs between developing and mature T cells. Lentiviral-encoded antigen receptors were tagged with a miR-181a–specific MRE and transduced into mouse BM cells that were used to generate hematopoietic chimeras. Expression of a CAR specific for human CD19 (hCD19) was selectively suppressed in late double-negative and double-positive thymocytes, coinciding with the peak in endogenous miR-181a expression. Receptor expression was fully restored in post-thymic resting and activated T cells, affording protection against a subsequent challenge with hCD19+ tumors. Hematopoietic mouse chimeras engrafted with a conalbumin-specific TCR prone to thymic clonal deletion acquired peptide-specific T cell responsiveness only when the vector-encoded TCR transcript was similarly engineered to be subject to regulation by miR-181a. These results demonstrate the potential of miRNA-regulated transgene expression in stem cell–based therapies, including cancer immunotherapy.
ABDOMINAL ANEURYSM CAUSING THROMBOSIS OF THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA
Authors: K. P. Fooks
Journal: BMJ (1929)

DInA 97 Prtr-itus.Results, despite fanitastic claims to the contrary, are' most disappointing.Psoriasis.Stimulative.(15 per cent.)Resuilts, if observed over lonig periods, are usually unisatis- factory, however good th-e initial resp6nse.1ickcts.(a) Sedative, (b) Stimulative.(90 per cent.)The efficient fornmationi of vitamini D cani best be started by small doses, especially in cases with extensive changes.Synl oiti.l.No genieral guide can be laid down, as the natiire and present conditioni of the synovitis are of prime importance in selectinig tr-eatmenit.UleCrs.(a) Sedative, (b) Stimulative.(30 per cent.)Moderately small doses should be tried first; if nlo respolnse, chronic ulcers are well worth treating wilh cou'nter-irritant doses.
Hormone replacement treatment
Authors: J. Guillebaud
Journal: BMJ (1989)

SIR,-Dr Paul Belchetz reviewed the advantages and risks of oestrogen replacement therapy and pointed to the advantages of percutaneous or subcutaneous routes of delivery.Even so, a casual reader could be forgiven for concluding that oral therapy with so called "natural oestrogens" is safe, but is it?These oestrogenic preparations are natural to horses rather than humans, and, furthermore, they undergo substantial change in the gut and liver before entering the systemic circulation.Can we really be reassured that oral oestrogens reduce the risk of cardiovascular morbidity?Unfortunately, in the published case-control and cohort studies comparison is not between like and like.Study groups invariably contain more health conscious women, at low risk from death from all causes other than suicide.2There are fewer smokers or obese or hypertensive women and their exercise and dietary habits are likely to be more favourable than those of the controls.Even so, the Framingham study showed an increase in cardiovascular morbidity.3This long running study included more older patients and should not be ignored.Why should oral oestrogens, given together with 12 days of progestogen, not carry similar risks to oral contraceptive steroids?Given the available alternatives, should we not be circumspect, especially for women judged to be at high risk?Nor should we underrate the potential for inducing breast cancer.Too few studies continued long enough to give meaningful results.The Louisville study, however, suggests an increasing risk when oestrogens are taken for more than 12 years and that the risk increases with duration of use.4This accords with what we know of the natural biology of the disease.All patients, especially those with a first degree family history, should know of this possible risk and cooperate with careful follow up examinations, including mammography.Anyone who is now more con- fused may find more help by reading Hunt et al.2
Pacesetter potential of the human gastroduodenal junction
Authors: H. L. Duthie, N. K. Kwong, B. H. Brown, G. E. Whittaker
Journal: Gut (1971)

The pacesetter potential of the gastric antrum and proximal duodenum has been recorded in man by electrodes placed under the serosal coat of the gut. The typical 3 cycle/min of the stomach was found to be conducted across the pylorus into the first part of the duodenum at a rate (2 cm/sec) about four times as fast as its conduction in the more proximal antrum (0·5 cm/sec). A 3 cycle/min pacesetter potential could be detected as far distally in the duodenum as 10 cm from the pylorus.
Antibiotics for Children With Acute Otitis Media
Authors: Chris Del Mar, Roderick P. Venekamp, Sharon Sanders
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Acute otitis media is defined as eardrum inflammation associated with middle-ear effusion and acute signs and symptoms. Viruses are the primary pathogens, and bacterial superinfection is common. Pneumococci and Haemophilus influenzae are the most frequently isolated bacterial pathogens. Recovery is usually rapid, though somewhat slower in children under 2 years of age. The only benefits of antibacterial chemotherapy are a marginal reduction in the duration of pain and use of analgesics. Antibacterial therapy has no effect on the risk of relapse, medium term auditory outcome in children, or complications. It does, however, increase the risk of becoming a carrier of resistant strains
Health in Africa: Let's learn from the success stories from other poor countries…
Authors: Saroj Jayasinghe
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Time to wake up to cancer's tollEditor-As exemplified by your theme issue on Africa of 1 October, cancer has remained comparatively neglected in Africa although increasingly prevalent: 70% of people with cancer live in the economically developing world, where by 2020 the annual death toll is predicted to reach 20 million. 1 In sub-Saharan Africa measures to prevent cancer emphasised in the developed world-such as smoking cessation and screening-are not nationally adopted.One third of African cancers are preventable, but the influence of tobacco companies with mass media advertising and high crop payments is real.Traditional cancers, such as gastric and hepatocellular carcinoma, and newer cancers, such as lung cancer, breast cancer, and AIDS related Kaposi's sarcoma, are increasing in incidence. 2 3 Patients' expectations for oncological treatment are low in Africa.Lack of money, or a concern not to place their family in debt, prevents many from seeking medical help. 4 Lack of awareness of predisposing factors, warning symptoms or signs of cancer, or treatment options mean that patients present late.Cost and difficulty of travel over rough terrain also discourage service use.After diagnosis patients may tend to look for peace of mind and spiritual comfort rather than a physical cure.In Africa disease modifying cancer treatment and basic control of symptoms are largely absent.Even when analgesia is available, patients with cancer may experience severe and inadequately managed pain, as health professionals underprescribe strong analgesics, fearing drug dependency. 5 Individual sub-Saharan countries cannot tackle the challenges of cancer in isolation.A new, cooperative approach and research base are being advocated for preventing, treating, and palliating cancer to bridge the gap between developed and developing nations.
Researching the market
Authors: B. Dixon
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Dominic Lawson, moving recently from the editorship of the Spectator to that of the Sunday Telegraph, recalled the report of a “rather expensive piece of market research” that he had received when he arrived in his first editorial chair. According to the results, 24% of readers thought that the Spectator carried too much sport. This was interesting because there was no sport whatever in the magazine at that time. The experience taught Lawson something about the value of market research—”and also impelled me immediately to inaugurate the ‘Spectator Sport’ column.”

Lawson's reminiscence triggered one of my own. Nearly 30 years ago, on joining the staff of New Scientist, I learned that a rather expensive piece of market research had been commissioned. There …
Biomedical Research — An Integral Component of National Security
Authors: Rona Hirschberg, John La Montagne, Anthony S. Fauci
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

The attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001, and the deliberate release of anthrax spores that occurred soon thereafter starkly revealed our vulnerability to the threat and reality of multiple categories of terrorism, including biologic, chemical, nuclear, and radiologic assaults. As a result of the events of late 2001, the focus on national security in the United States has intensified greatly, and extensive efforts to prepare for and prevent future attacks have been undertaken, particularly by the newly established Department of Homeland Security. In the arena of biologic terrorism against the civilian population, the . . .
Failure to innovate is "high risk" option for UK healthcare, conference hears
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2013)

UK health services must invest far more in innovation, stop being “amateurish,” and support “transformative” service design, experts told a conference.

Technological breakthroughs could greatly benefit patients but might drive hospitals closer to extinction, some warned.

David Albury, director of the Innovation Unit, a social enterprise, said that politicians should stop fearing innovation and adopt a long term perspective. “All the risk is loaded on the future, but there is endemic failure in the present,” he said.

He was speaking at a conference, “Advancing healthcare: harnessing innovation in the NHS,” held by the healthcare think tank the King’s Fund in London on 19 June at the Royal Society of Medicine.

Albury, a policy consultant, said that the NHS …