tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE FORMATION OF MACROCYTES AND MICROCYTES FROM RED CORPUSCLES IN HANGING DROP PREPARATIONS
Authors: John Auer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1932)

IN HANGING DROP PREPARATIONS OF NORMAL BLOOD FROM VARIOUS SPECIES OF ANIMALS INCLUDING MAN, THE FOLLOWING PROCESSES WERE DIRECTLY OBSERVED FOR THE FIRST TIME: 1. The process of fusion between two red corpuscles so as to form a round or slightly oval macrocyte with normal hemoglobin content, a diameter of 10micro+/- and no delle. These macrocytes appear to be slightly thicker in the centre than at the periphery. No thickness measurements could be made. 2. The process of fusion between two microcytes each 5micro+/- in diameter, so as to form a red corpuscle of approximately normal size but with dense hemoglobin and no delle. 3. The process of fusion between a red corpuscle and a microcyte, forming a macrocyte slightly larger than a normal red corpuscle and exhibiting a normal hemoglobin tint but no delle. 4. The process of microcyte formation from red corpuscles was seen occurring in four different ways: (a) By the intermittent compression of a single red corpuscle by the pull of three or more fibrin threads attached to the corpuscle. (b) By the steady, continuous compression of a single red corpuscle by the pull of two polar fibrin threads, (c) By intermittent rises of intracorpuscular pressure in a red corpuscle due to trauma, (d) By avulsion and retraction or contraction of the hemoglobin stroma from the intact surface layer of a red corpuscle. Thickness measurements in single microcytes were made in rabbit blood. 5. The process of a typical microcyte with dense hemoglobin and no delle changing back to a fairly large red corpuscle with practically normal hemoglobin tint and with a delle. 6. Macrocytes were seen expelling their hemoglobin in a fraction of a second and turning into shadows which were often paler than the background, but without any decrease in the visible surface area or change in the contour. 7. Extensibility and retractibility (or perhaps relaxation and contraction) may be exhibited by the corpuscle as a whole, by local sections of both surface layer and stroma, or retractility (contractility (?)) may be shown by the hemoglobin stroma alone. On the basis of observational evidence it is inferred that: 1. The surface layer of a red corpuscle is probably a condensed stroma rather than an anatomically defined membrane. 2. A pigment, probably hemoglobin, is present in the surface layer. 3. The surface layer of red corpuscles becomes rigid before or during spontaneous hemolysis. 4. Hemoglobin exists in an undissolved form in the intact red corpuscle. 5. The transverse diameter of microcytes (5micro+/-) represents the maximal shortening of which this diameter is capable in normal red corpuscles of man, rabbit and guinea pig under the conditions studied. 6. Fusing red corpuscle are destroyed by repeated washings with Ringer solution. 7. In stagnating blood there is no increase in fusion forms, nor in the production of microcytes.
High-Dose Glucocorticoid Treatment of Resistant Myeloma
Authors: RAYMOND ALEXANIAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Intermittent, high-dose dexamethasone treatment was given to 49 consecutive patients with refractory multiple myeloma. In patients who were unresponsive to previous treatment, the response rate of 27% was similar to that achieved with the VAD regimen, which combines the same schedule of dexamethasone with vincristine and doxorubicin given by continuous infusion. Among patients with relapses, VAD chemotherapy induced remissions in 11 of 17 patients (65%), whereas dexamethasone alone induced remissions in 4 of 19 (21%). The median survival of all patients responding to either treatment, 22 months, was longer than that from any previous program for treatment of resistant myeloma. These findings indicate the value of frequent dexamethasone administration in patients unresponsive to standard therapy and show the major role of vincristine and doxorubicin given by continuous infusion in patients with relapses. They also suggest different mechanisms for primary and secondary resistance to chemotherapy.
Gradients of portable ramps.
Authors: G M Sweeney, A K Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1991)

the large bowel and found that they did not give rise to malignancies.'At Baragwanath Hospital, colonoscopy studies (over 100 a year) confirm absence of polyps; the colons even of elderly black patients have the same appearance and elasticity as those of young white patients.8Conceivably, any population subsisting on a diet high in foods containing fibre could be similarly protected.In the early 1.800s rural Scots ate oat porridge three times a day, seven days a week, with a thick vegetable soup at night.9In England, rural farm workers consumed a huge amount of bread, several times our present consumption,'0 but virtually all were active physically.Perhaps their gastrointestinal tracts resembled those of rural Africans in their lesser proneness to disease.Present dietary guidelines, however vehemently urged, will never cause the gastrointestinal tract to revert to its pattern in former times.
VEGF and TGF-β are required for the maintenance of the choroid plexus and ependyma
Authors: Arindel S.R. Maharaj, Tony E. Walshe, Magali Saint-Geniez, Shivalingappa Venkatesha, Angel E. Maldonado, Nathan C. Himes, Kabir S. Matharu, S. Ananth Karumanchi, Patricia A. D'Amore
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2008)

Although the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in developmental and pathological angiogenesis is well established, its function in the adult is less clear. Similarly, although transforming growth factor (TGF) β is involved in angiogenesis, presumably by mediating capillary (endothelial cell [EC]) stability, its involvement in quiescent vasculature is virtually uninvestigated. Given the neurological findings in patients treated with VEGF-neutralizing therapy (bevacizumab) and in patients with severe preeclampsia, which is mediated by soluble VEGF receptor 1/soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor 1 and soluble endoglin, a TGF-β signaling inhibitor, we investigated the roles of VEGF and TGF-β in choroid plexus (CP) integrity and function in adult mice. Receptors for VEGF and TGF-β were detected in adult CP, as well as on ependymal cells. Inhibition of VEGF led to decreased CP vascular perfusion, which was associated with fibrin deposition. Simultaneous blockade of VEGF and TGF-β resulted in the loss of fenestrae on CP vasculature and thickening of the otherwise attenuated capillary endothelium, as well as the disappearance of ependymal cell microvilli and the development of periventricular edema. These results provide compelling evidence that both VEGF and TGF-β are involved in the regulation of EC stability, ependymal cell function, and periventricular permeability.
The Variability of Processing of Technetium-99m DTPA Renography
Authors: GILBERT A. HURWITZ, CARO LINE CHAMPAGNE, DENIS R. GRAVELLE, FREDERICK J. SMITH, JOHN E. POWE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

In quantitative renography, observer-dependent selection of renal outlines and background regions may account for considerable variability. This study of differential renal function with Tc-99m DTPA scintigraphy compares interpolative background subtraction with the authors' routine techniques; the latter involves background-subtracted uptake on data integrated over 1-3 minutes after injection. Other techniques considered were omission of background subtraction and use of 1-2 minute integration. The normal range was established in 24 hypertensive patients who had a normal angiogram and a normal radiometric glomerular filtration rate. The test set of 52 other hypertensive patients included 27 with renal artery stenosis. All techniques correlated well with the routine method (r ≥ 0.98); however the interpolative background technique was unique in preserving the depiction of renal asymmetry but reducing the variability of replicate measurements (P < 0.05). Reduced renal function increased the variability of routine measurements, but the interpolative background subtraction method performed better in this instance (P < 0.01). Thus, the new technique appears to improve the definition of renal outlines and increase the reliability of measurements of differential renal function.
New recommendations on autism spectrum disorder
Authors: P. Szatmari
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Shifting the focus from subtypes to dimensions carries potential costs and benefits



Annabella Bluesky/SPL

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , fifth edition (DSM-V) interim report on autism spectrum disorder was published recently (www.dsmv.com; 26 January 2011). On the basis of a review of the literature, the views of experts, and the requirements of developing a diagnostic manual that satisfies many stakeholders, the Neurodevelopmental Work Group has made several bold and perhaps controversial recommendations. One is to eliminate the term “pervasive developmental disorder” and replace it with the more commonly used “autism spectrum disorder.” A second is to eliminate the various subtypes that were previously described, including Asperger’s disorder. This has been perhaps the most contentious decision because many people with a diagnosis of Asperger’s disorder do not see themselves as having autism and are concerned that they will be denied recognition and services if Asperger’s disorder is eliminated⇑.

The reasons for the work group’s decisions are threefold. Firstly, it is difficult to apply the criteria for the subtypes of pervasive developmental disorder in a systematic way; secondly, most children who are diagnosed with Asperger’s disorder would meet criteria for autistic disorder; and thirdly, the risk factors for autistic disorder …
Cytokinesis failure occurs in Fanconi anemia pathway–deficient murine and human bone marrow hematopoietic cells
Authors: Patrizia Vinciguerra, Susana A. Godinho, Kalindi Parmar, David Pellman, Alan D. D’Andrea
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genomic instability disorder characterized by bone marrow failure and cancer predisposition. FA is caused by mutations in any one of several genes that encode proteins cooperating in a repair pathway and is required for cellular resistance to DNA crosslinking agents. Recent studies suggest that the FA pathway may also play a role in mitosis, since FANCD2 and FANCI, the 2 key FA proteins, are localized to the extremities of ultrafine DNA bridges (UFBs), which link sister chromatids during cell division. However, whether FA proteins regulate cell division remains unclear. Here we have shown that FA pathway-deficient cells display an increased number of UFBs compared with FA pathway-proficient cells. The UFBs were coated by BLM (the RecQ helicase mutated in Bloom syndrome) in early mitosis. In contrast, the FA protein FANCM was recruited to the UFBs at a later stage. The increased number of bridges in FA pathway-deficient cells correlated with a higher rate of cytokinesis failure resulting in binucleated cells. Binucleated cells were also detectable in primary murine FA pathway-deficient hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and bone marrow stromal cells from human patients with FA. Based on these observations, we suggest that cytokinesis failure followed by apoptosis may contribute to bone marrow failure in patients with FA.
HMR1402, a potassium ATP channel blocker during hyperdynamic porcine endotoxemia: effects on hepato-splanchnic oxygen exchange and metabolism
Authors: Pierre Asfar, Zsolt Iv�nyi, Hendrik Bracht, Bal�zs Hauser, Antje Pittner, Damian Vassilev, Marek Nalos, Xavier Maurice Leverve, Uwe Bernd Br�ckner, Peter Radermacher, Gebhard Fr�ba
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2004)
Laparoscopic fundoplication is the treatment of choice for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
Authors: J P Galmiche, F Zerbib
Journal: Gut (2002)

Although the technical principles of surgical repair remain the same in laparoscopic practice as in the classical open procedure, the increasing enthusiasm of patients and many physicians for this so-called “mini invasive” surgery has led to its greater use and wider indications for surgery in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). The notion behind this proposed change in current practice is that antireflux surgery (ARS) is more “cost effective” than medical therapy and possibly safer with regard to the long term effects of acid suppression and occurrence of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus in patients with severe chronic GORD. Our position challenges this view, which in our opinion is not supported by scientific evidence and data in the recent literature. If it is assumed that modern drug therapy and ARS are both effective in the treatment of GORD, a comparison between them should concentrate on several end points that have been recognised as major goals of antireflux therapy. Hence in addition to healing of oesophagitis, emphasis now needs to be given to complete symptom relief, return to a normal quality of life, and long term control of the disease (that is, prevention of recurrences and complications). Tolerance, safety, and costs are also important issues.

Comparison is limited by lack of randomised trials between laparoscopic surgery and modern drug therapy (that is, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)). Although Spechler1 first reported that open ARS was significantly better than medical therapy after two or three years of follow up, the comparison involved drugs which are no longer considered as optimal therapy for GORD. Interestingly, the same author recently reassessed the long term outcome of these cohorts of medically and surgically treated patients after a median follow up of approximately 10 years.2 Oesophagitis grade, quality of life scores, satisfaction with antireflux therapy, and frequency of …
CD44 expression in melanocytic lesions: a marker of malignant progression?
Authors: C.A. HARWOOD, M.A. GREEN, M.G. COOK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

CD44 is the major human cell surface receptor for hyaluronate and functions in a diverse range of physiological processes. Alternative splicing of a single gene generates a lamily of splice variants (CD44v1-10) in addition to the standard isoform. CD44H. Expression of CD44. particularly CD44v6. has heen descrihcd to correlate with metastasis formation in various tumours, although evidence in malignant melanoma is inconclusive. In this study, we explored the immunohisto-chemical pattern of CD44 expression in a range of melanocytic lesions using a panel of monoclonal antibodies raised to CD44H and the variants v 3, v4/5. v6and v8/9. Skin biopsies of 106 lesions from 100 patients were assessed and included benign and dysplastic naevi. melanoma in situ, malignant melanomas in horizontal and vertical growth phase, and cutaneous and lymph node metastases. CD44H was highly expressed in benign and dysplastic naevi and in melanoma in situ. However, expression within melanomas diminished with increasing invasiveness. and the pattern of expres-sion observed correlated significantly with the growth phase of the lesion rather than its Brcslow thickness. CD44 splice variants were not detected in any lesions. These results suggest a possible role for downregulation of CD44H in modulating the biological behaviour of malignant melanoma.
Identification of Pelvic Varices on Gated Cardiac Imaging and Hepatobiliary Scans
Authors: Monica Jain, Elizabeth Yung, Douglas S. Katz
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Large pelvic varices were demonstrated on both hepatobiliary and gated cardiac imaging in a 66-year-old woman with hepatitis C and alcoholism, cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and hepatic failure, who was admitted with increasing confusion and right upper quadrant pain.
FUNCTION OF THE GALL BLADDER EPITHELIUM AS AN OSTEOGENIC STIMULUS AND THE PHYSIOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Authors: C. B. Huggins, J. F. Sammet
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1933)

Evidence is presented that the proliferating gall bladder epithelium in the dog and guinea pig is capable of stimulating bone formation in certain connective tissues such as the abdominal wall. Other connective tissue areas such as the subepithelial connective tissue of the gall bladder and urinary bladder do not share in this tissue reaction and resist the bone stimulus of the epithelium. The formation of bone in these circumstances is thus biphasic. A difference between connective tissues morphologically identical can be proven physiologically, by their response to the osteogenic stimulus of appropriate epithelia. Calcium carbonate microliths occurred in the mucus of the occluded gall bladder in which there was transplanted connective tissue forming part of the wall.
Electronics for the Human Body
Authors: John A. Rogers
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Left Ventricular Systolic Time Intervals as Indices of Postural Circulatory Stress in Man
Authors: R. W. STAFFORD, W. S. HARRIS, A. M. WEISSLER
Journal: Circulation (1970)

The effects of graded increments of passive head-up tilt on the duration of the systolic time intervals corrected for heart rate were investigated in 15 normal subjects. Head-up tilt caused a prolongation of the pre-ejection period and a shortening of the left ventricular ejection time, while total electromechanical systole diminished minimally. The lengthening of the pre-ejection period and abbreviation of the left ventricular ejection time increased progressively with stepwise increments of head-up tilt. The application of venous occlusive tourniquets produced changes in the systolic intervals directionally similar to those observed with head-up tilt. In contrast to the normal subjects, three patients with congestive heart failure demonstrated no change in the systolic time intervals during head-up tilt. After diuresis in two of the patients with heart failure, the responses of their systolic time intervals to head-up tilt returned toward normal.
A threshold loading device for testing of inspiratory muscle performance
Authors: PR Eastwood, DR Hillman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

Threshold loading is a method of incrementally loading the inspiratory muscles, which requires development of an adjustable threshold pressure (Pth) before air will flow. In the ideal device, flow is independent of pressure once Pth is exceeded. A "weighted plunger" apparatus is commonly used, but devices described previously perform unreliably at high inspiratory load. We have modified this apparatus using the diaphragm and valve seating from a threshold valve used to deliver positive airway pressure (AMBU 10, AMBU International, Denmark) to yield improved pressure-flow characteristics. With this device, there was a linear relationship between Pth and weight on the plunger (r = 0.998), and flow was largely independent of pressure once Pth was exceeded: pressure developed at an inspiratory flow of 1.3 +/- 0.1 l.s-1 was 13.6 +/- 7.0% below Pth. Our modified weighted plunger apparatus allows consistent and reliable threshold loading of inspiratory muscles, even at high inspiratory loads.
Coexisting HLA-B27 positive spondyloarthritis and polyarteritis nodosa.
Authors: M A Sattar
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

A 38 year old woman presented with widespread polyarteritis nodosa a few years after the onset of HLA-B27 positive spondyloarthritis. The concomitant coexistence of these two disorders suggests a possible association in this genetically susceptible subject.
Decreased epidermal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and localized pustular psoriasis
Authors: SAM SHUSTER, M.D. RAWLINS, P.H. CHAPMAN, SARAH ROGERS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity was measured in suction separated epidermis from forearm skin of thirteen patients with localized palmo‐plantar pustular psoriasis and thirteen normal subjects before and after induction by benzanthracene. AHH activity had a mean value of 2·32 μm 30H‐BP/mg microsomal protein/h ± 0·23 (s.e.) in the patients and 3·41 ± 0·23 in the normal subjects. AHH induction was also decreased with a mean value of 1·15±0·1 (s.e.) compared with 1·98±0·14 for the normal subjects. Since in twelve of the patients the psoriasis had always been localized to the palms and soles, the decreased basal and induced AHH activity appears to be a primary characteristic of psoriatic skin; AHH activity might initiate an increase in epidermal cell turnover through modulation of prostaglandin and adenylate cyclase activity.
The swedish athletics study: annual incidence of musculoskeletal injuries in elite athletics athletes
Authors: J Jacobsson, T Timpka, J Ekberg, J Kowalski, S Nilsson, P Renström
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Athletics is one of the most popular global sports, but also one of the most demanding with regard to human physical capacities. There are few prospective epidemiological studies available on athletic injury in populations of élite athletes. Objective To describe annual injury incidence rates among adult and youth elite athletics athletes. Design Prospective cohort study using web-based data collection. Setting Swedish élite youth (U17) and adult athletics athletes. Data were collected between March 2009 and March 2010. Participants 293 youth and adult athletes (97%) responded regularly to web-based questionnaires from an eligible study population of 301 athletes. Assessment of risk factors Athlete's sex, age, event group, and athletics activity were assessed as risk factors. Main outcome measures Annual incidence of musculoskeletal injuries causing partial or complete absence from practice and competition. Results The overall annual injury incidence among the participating athletes was 76%. There were no statistically significant differences in annual injury incidence between adult male (81%) and female (76%) or youth male (77%) and female (71%) athletes. Neither was there any statistically significant differences in annual injury incidence between the event groups (Throw 75%; Jump 78%; Multi-event 65%; Middle and long distance running 79%; Sprint 76%). 80% of the injuries occurred during practice and the remaining during competitions. Conclusion Only one out of four Swedish élite athletic athletes are able to complete a season without sustaining at least one performance-limiting injury. The vast majority of the injuries are sustained during practice. There is an urgent need for prospective studies of risk factors related to practices regimes that can be used to inform injury prevention programs in athletics.
Renal tubular PD-L1 (CD274) suppresses alloreactive human T-cell responses
Authors: Astrid Starke, Maja T. Lindenmeyer, Stephan Segerer, Matthias A. Neusser, Barbara Rüsi, Daniel M. Schmid, Clemens D. Cohen, Rudolf P. Wüthrich, Thomas Fehr, Ying Waeckerle-Men
Journal: Kidney International (2010)