tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract A41: Cancer cells invade or divide, not both
Authors: Shuya Yano, Sumiyuki Mii, Yasunori Tome, Yukihiko Hiroshima, Fuminari Uehara, Shinji Miwa, Robert M. Hoffman
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Invasive cancer cells are a critical target for chemotherapy. However most chemotherapeutic agents in clinical use target dividing cancer cells. Cancer cell-cycle kinetics were visualized in Gelfoam histoculture using a fluorescence ubiquitination cell cycle indicator (FUCCI), whereby quiescent cancer cells express mKusabira-Orange fluorescent protein (red) and proliferating cells express mAzami-Green fluorescent protein (green). Real-time imaging demonstrated that cancer cells in G0/G1 phase are invasive and disseminate in Gelfoam histoculture. In vivo, FUCCI-expressing cancer cells were in G0/G1 phase when they metastasized to the liver. Disseminated cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity were also in G0/G1 phase. Most drugs currently in use target cells in S/G 2/M, which may not be capable of invasion. Color-coded cell-cycle imaging in Gelfoam histoculture should provide a novel platform for the rapid screening of candidate therapeutic agents against quiescent invasive cancer cells. Citation Format: Shuya Yano, Sumiyuki Mii, Yasunori Tome, Yukihiko Hiroshima, Fuminari Uehara, Shinji Miwa, Robert M. Hoffman. Cancer cells invade or divide, not both. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A41.
Circadian Rhythm in Rest and Activity: A Biological Correlate of Quality of Life and a Predictor of Survival in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Pasquale F. Innominato, Christian Focan, Thierry Gorlia, Thierry Moreau, Carlo Garufi, Jim Waterhouse, Sylvie Giacchetti, Bruno Coudert, Stefano Iacobelli, Dominique Genet, Marco Tampellini, Philippe Chollet, Marie-Ange Lentz, Marie-Christine Mormont, Francis Lévi, Georg A. Bjarnason
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

The rest-activity circadian rhythm (CircAct) reflects the function of the circadian timing system. In a prior single-institution study, the extent of CircAct perturbation independently predicted for survival and tumor response in 192 patients receiving chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. Moreover, the main CircAct parameters correlated with several health-related quality of life (HRQoL) scales. In this prospective study, we attempted to extend these results to an independent cohort of chemotherapy-naive metastatic colorectal cancer patients participating in an international randomized phase III trial (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer 05963). Patients were randomized to receive chronomodulated or conventional infusion of 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer. Patients from nine institutions completed the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30 and wore a wrist accelerometer (actigraph) for 3 days before chemotherapy delivery. Two validated parameters (I<O and r24) were used to estimate CircAct. Of 130 patients with baseline CircAct assessments, 96 had baseline HRQoL data. I<O was confirmed to correlate with global quality of life, physical functioning, social functioning, fatigue, and appetite loss (r > |0.25|; P < 0.01). I<O further independently predicted for overall survival with a hazard ratio of 0.94 (P < 0.0001). The associations between CircAct parameters, HRQoL, and survival, which were shown in this international study involving previously untreated metastatic colorectal cancer patients, confirm prior single-institution findings in mostly pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer patients. The circadian timing system constitutes a novel therapeutic target. Interventions that normalize circadian timing system dysfunction may affect quality of life and survival in cancer patients.
MicroRNA-146a alleviates chronic skin inflammation in atopic dermatitis through suppression of innate immune responses in keratinocytes
Authors: Ana Rebane, Toomas Runnel, Alar Aab, Julia Maslovskaja, Beate Rückert, Maya Zimmermann, Mario Plaas, Jaanika Kärner, Angela Treis, Maire Pihlap, Uku Haljasorg, Helen Hermann, Nikoletta Nagy, Lajos Kemeny, Triin Erm, Külli Kingo, Mei Li, Mark P. Boldin, Cezmi A. Akdis
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Determinants of bone density in normal women: risk factors for future osteoporosis?
Authors: J. C. Stevenson, B. Lees, M. Devenport, M. P. Cust, K. F. Ganger
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is an important public health problem in developed countries. Preventive treatment might effect a large reduction in the incidence, but this needs to be applied selectively to those women at increased risk. Loss of bone density results in an increased risk of fractures in the classical sites of vertebrae and proximal femur. A cross sectional study of bone density measurements was carried out in these sites in British women with a modern, precise densitometric technique. Possible predictors and risk factors for bone density were assessed in these women. Bone density was measured by dual photon absorptiometry in 284 apparently healthy women volunteers aged 21 to 68. The values obtained were similar to those obtained from equivalent studies performed in women in the United States. Peak adult bone density had been attained soon after the end of linear skeletal growth. Thereafter there was some decline with age in the proximal femur, but the major fall in bone density in all sites was related to the menopause. Other factors decreasing bone density, and hence increasing risk for osteoporosis, such as low body weight, alcohol and cigarette consumption, nulliparity, lack of previous use of oral contraceptives, and lack of regular exercise, seemed to be important. None, however, could predict satisfactorily women at future risk for osteoporosis. Direct measurements of bone density in the clinically relevant sites are necessary to determine which women should received preventive treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis. This would help make such treatment more cost effective.
In Silico Analysis of Crop Science: Report on the First China-UK Workshop on Chips, Computers and Crops
Authors: Ming Chen, Andrew Harrison
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2008)

Abstract A workshop on “Chips, Computers and Crops” was held in Hangzhou, China during September 26–27, 2008. The main objective of the workshop was to bring together China and UK scientists from mathematics, bioinformatics and plant molecular biology communities to exchange ideas, enhance awareness of each others’ fields, explore synergisms and make recommendations on fruitful future directions in crop science. Here we describe the contributions to the workshop, and examine some conceptual issues that lie at the foundations and future of crop systems biology.
An update on the African polio outbreak
Authors: Kathryn Claiborn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Poliovirus invades the nervous system, resulting in paralysis and occasionally death. In 1988, a global initiative was launched by the WHO and partners to eradicate the virus by mass immunization. The effort was largely successful; the number of polio cases fell by 99%, and today the virus remains endemic to just four countries: India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Nigeria (1). However, in November and December of last year, hundreds of polio victims were identified in the Congo, and an estimated 40% of those cases were fatal. The JCI recently spoke to Vincent Racaniello, selfdescribed “virus guy” and polio expert at Columbia University, about the outbreak. JCI: Is the poliovirus currently circulating in Africa different from that seen in the rest of the world? Racaniello: There is no evidence that the poliovirus circulating in Africa (specifically in the Congo) has changed in any way. The Congo strain appears to have come from India via Angola, possibly spread by migrant workers. It is a wild-type 1 strain, not a vaccine-derived strain that has caused outbreaks in other countries. JCI: Most of the victims in the Congo are teenagers and young adults, and the fatality rate is high; does that signal that the virus has changed in some way? Racaniello: The high prevalence of infection among teenagers and young adults is likely related to gaps in immunization. The last case of polio in the Congo was in 2000; hence immunization has lagged. When polio is acquired at a later age, the disease tends to be more severe. JCI: How far do you think this latest outbreak is likely to spread? Racaniello: Mass immunizations will probably restrict the outbreak to the Congo. However, consider that only 1% of poliovirus infections are paralytic. That means in the current outbreak, where 476 cases of paralytic disease have been recorded, there have been a total of 47,600 infections, 99% of which have gone unnoticed. Therefore the potential for spreading the infection to neighboring countries is high — unless those countries maintain high levels of immunization. Migrant worker travel can also cause distant spread of infection. In 2004, there was an outbreak of polio in Nigeria; the virus spread to other countries in Africa and then to Indonesia. JCI: How should vaccination policy change to prevent future outbreaks? Racaniello: All countries need to maintain high levels of immunization coverage until the disease has been eradicated. In the US and other developed countries, this is done by routine immunization at birth. In underdeveloped countries, this is difficult due to poor health care systems, unstable political situations, and armed conflict. Hence, mass immunizations are used to improve coverage. As long as countries such as the Congo allow immunizations to lag, there will be outbreaks.
Prevention of Hepatic Steatosis and Hepatic Insulin Resistance by Knockdown of cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein
Authors: Derek M. Erion, Irena D. Ignatova, Shin Yonemitsu, Yoshio Nagai, Paula Chatterjee, Dirk Weismann, Jennifer J. Hsiao, Dongyan Zhang, Takanori Iwasaki, Romana Stark, Clare Flannery, Mario Kahn, Christopher M. Carmean, Xing Xian Yu, Susan F. Murray, Sanjay Bhanot, Brett P. Monia, Gary W. Cline, Varman T. Samuel, Gerald I. Shulman
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2009)
Total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in the serum and risk of mortality: evidence of a threshold effect.
Authors: U Goldbourt, E Holtzman, H N Neufeld
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The association of serum total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol values with 15 year mortality was examined in a cohort of 10 059 Israeli male civil servants and municipal employees aged 40 and above. In 618 of 1664 deaths in the cohort (37%) coronary heart disease was documented as the cause of death. Risk of mortality was analysed by quintiles. Neither total mortality nor coronary heart disease mortality rose with serum cholesterol concentrations up to 5.6 mmol/1 (216 mg/100 ml), representing 60% of the sample. Rates rose appreciably only in the highest quintile (cholesterol concentration greater than 6.2 mmol/1; greater than 241 mg/100 ml). High density lipoprotein cholesterol was similarly, although inversely, associated with total mortality when expressed as a percentage of total cholesterol. The inverse association of high density lipoprotein cholesterol with coronary heart disease mortality was, in contrast, continuous. These data support the hypothesis that over most of the range of cholesterol values coronary mortality risk and total mortality risk are nearly independent of total cholesterol and most probably independent of low density lipoprotein cholesterol values. In multivariate analysis a low concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol appeared to be more predictive of mortality than a high concentration of total cholesterol. The latter was very weakly related to mortality from all causes after multivariate adjustment. It is concluded that the findings of this and other major epidemiological studies support the notion of a "threshold effect." Success in reducing mortality through the pharmacological reduction of serum cholesterol in hypercholesterolaemic patients does not warrant a similar approach in people with average or slightly above average values. These findings appear to provide support for a "high risk strategy" in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease.
The Pressure-Volume Relationship of the Normal Pulmonary Capillary Bed*
Authors: Walter J. Daly, Samuel T. Giammona, Joseph C. Ross
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1965)

In isolated lung preparations (1, 2) and in normal subjects (3,4), acute pulmonary vascular congestion increases breath-holding diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco) by increasing the instantaneous volume of blood available for CO absorption (Vc).Conversely, in normal men, procedures that decrease pulmonary vascular pressure decrease DLco (4, 5); yet, the pulmonary capillary bed of the lung chronically subjected to increased intravascular pressure is less able to de- crease its volume in response to procedures de- signed to decrease pulmonary vascular pressure (6).Although this may be the consequence of structural changes in the lung, this observation suggests that the curve relating DLCO to pulmonary vascular pressure may reach a plateau, beyond which changes in pulmonary vascular pressure produce no further changes on DLCO.Such a re- lationship does not imply a solution to the question whether increased intravascular pressure recruits a limited number of capillaries or dilates capillaries within a limited range.In either case, a plateau of the DLco-vascular pressure curve would be anticipated.This study was undertaken to examine the behavior of the normal pulmonary capillary bed acutely subjected to increased intravascular pressure with two specific aims in mind: 1) to describe, in normal man, the effects on DLCO of graded in- creases in, intravascular pressure and to determine
Medicine in the Family
Authors: Fitzhugh Mullan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

On Being a Doctor16 November 2004Medicine in the FamilyFitzhugh Mullan, MDFitzhugh Mullan, MDFrom Health Affairs, Bethesda, MD 20814.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-141-10-200411160-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail When I was 13, my dad took me to work with him. We went together to the Educational Alliance, a social service agency for the poor located in a large drab building on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. For 2 hours I sat with him while he listened to 8 or so men and women report on their lives, bicker, laugh, cry, lash out, and embrace. Dad was in the middle of the action, confronting and encouraging people as they talked. They paid little attention to me, but I was bug-eyed watching these adults go at each other with ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Health Affairs, Bethesda, MD 20814.Current Author Address: Fitzhugh Mullan, MD, Health Affairs, 7500 Old Georgetown Road, Suite 600, Bethesda, MD 20814; e-mail, [email protected]org. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 16 November 2004Volume 141, Issue 10Page: 818-819KeywordsChild healthDrugsMedical servicesMotivationPediatric surgeryPediatricsPsychiatry and mental healthResidencyRunningShock ePublished: 16 November 2004 Issue Published: 16 November 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
James P. Warbasse
Authors: Frank L. Babbott
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

JAMES Peter Warbasse eased his way out of a successful surgical practice during World War I. He had graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University in 1889, and like that of many a contemporary medical graduate, his residency program included study abroad. At Göttingen, Germany, his preceptors were Orth in the infant science of pathology and the surgeon Koenig. While in Vienna, he worked for some months under Paltauf in pathology and under Billroth, the most widely known surgeon of the period.The years following his European training were busy for Warbasse. He entered private practice . . .
TCTAP A-079 Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold in an Unselected Patient Population: A Single Centre Real World Experience
Authors: Min Er Ching, Hee Hwa Ho, Yau Wei Ooi, Ko Beng, Julian Tan, Kwok Kong Loh, Nwe Tun Yin, Fahim Haider Jafary, Paul Jau Lueng Ong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
A sporadic case of dystrophic pili torti
Authors: J.B. LYON, R.P.R. DAWBER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Journal Article A sporadic case of dystrophic pili torti Get access J.B. LYON, J.B. LYON Ipswich Hospital, Ipswich Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.P.R. DAWBER R.P.R. DAWBER The Slade Hospital, Oxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 96, Issue 2, 1 February 1977, Pages 197–198, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1977.tb12543.x Published: 01 February 1977
Abortion Is Not the Answer
Authors: Abner I. Weisman
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  Soon after July 1970, when New York state's liberalized abortion law went into effect, two newly formed and well-equipped abortion  began their operations  the same professional medical building  midtown Manhattan. By sheer coincidence, these two freestanding clinics had selected their locations  the very same building where I practice. By stroke of chance, my patients and I on the fourth floor were sandwiched  between one abortion clinic on the floor above and the other on the floor below. This might not be too unusual except that my practice specializes  infertility  women who have been striving to achieve a pregnancy!  When I first learned of the new tenant groups  the building and their plans for large numbers of in and out abortions on a production-line basis, I feared for the possible psychological ill-effects of these  on my already-frustrated barren patients.
OBSERVATIONS ON PHOSPHATE TRANSPORT IN EXPERIMENTAL RENAL DISEASE*
Authors: Eric Reiss, Neal S. Bricker, S. Wesley Kime, Peter A. F. Morrin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1961)

In the normal adult, the renal excretion of phosphate may be varied over a wide range depending on the level of phosphate intake.When the diet contains the usual amounts of phosphate (about 1 g of phosphate per day), only a small fraction of the filtered phosphate is excreted in the urine.This fraction is decreased when the dietary phos- phorus is low and increased when it is high.Ho- meostasis is thus maintained with only slight fluctuations of the plasma phosphate concentration (2-6).In the course of advancing renal failure in man, normal plasma phosphate concentrations typically prevail until the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) falls below 25 to 30 ml per minute (7).This oc- curs by virtue of the fact that, as GFR decreases, the fraction of the filtered phosphate excreted increases proportionately; as a result, phosphate bal- ance may be maintained in the presence of a de- crease in the filtered load.However, when the GFR decreases below 25 ml per minute, the fil- tered load of phosphate is decreased to such an ex- tent that even the excretion of a large fraction of the filtered load fails to maintain phosphate ho- meostasis, and hyperphosphatemia supervenes.The serum phosphate concentration will then in- crease until the filtered load of phosphate is suffi- ciently high for the re-establishment of phosphate balance.Advanced bilateral renal disease in man
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mortality and prevalence: the associations with smoking and poverty—a BOLD analysis
Authors: Peter Burney, Anamika Jithoo, Bernet Kato, Christer Janson, David Mannino, Ewa Niżankowska-Mogilnicka, Michael Studnicka, Wan Tan, Eric Bateman, Ali Koçabas, William M Vollmer, Thorarrin Gislason, Guy Marks, Parvaiz A Koul, Imed Harrabi, Louisa Gnatiuc, Sonia Buist
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a commonly reported cause of death and associated with smoking. However, COPD mortality is high in poor countries with low smoking rates. Spirometric restriction predicts mortality better than airflow obstruction, suggesting that the prevalence of restriction could explain mortality rates attributed to COPD. We have studied associations between mortality from COPD and low lung function, and between both lung function and death rates and cigarette consumption and gross national income per capita (GNI). <h3>Methods</h3> National COPD mortality rates were regressed against the prevalence of airflow obstruction and spirometric restriction in 22 Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study sites and against GNI, and national smoking prevalence. The prevalence of airflow obstruction and spirometric restriction in the BOLD sites were regressed against GNI and mean pack years smoked. <h3>Results</h3> National COPD mortality rates were more strongly associated with spirometric restriction in the BOLD sites (&lt;60 years: men r<sub>s</sub>=0.73, p=0.0001; women r<sub>s</sub>=0.90, p&lt;0.0001; 60+ years: men r<sub>s</sub>=0.63, p=0.0022; women r<sub>s</sub>=0.37, p=0.1) than obstruction (&lt;60 years: men r<sub>s</sub>=0.28, p=0.20; women r<sub>s</sub>=0.17, p&lt;0.46; 60+ years: men r<sub>s</sub>=0.28, p=0.23; women r<sub>s</sub>=0.22, p=0.33). Obstruction increased with mean pack years smoked, but COPD mortality fell with increased cigarette consumption and rose rapidly as GNI fell below US$15 000. Prevalence of restriction was not associated with smoking but also increased rapidly as GNI fell below US$15 000. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Smoking remains the single most important cause of obstruction but a high prevalence of restriction associated with poverty could explain the high 'COPD' mortality in poor countries.
The Transcription Factor Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 (IRF-1) Is Important during the Maturation of Natural Killer 1.1+ T Cell Receptor–α/β+ (NK1+ T) Cells, Natural Killer Cells, and Intestinal Intraepithelial T Cells
Authors: Toshiaki Ohteki, Hiroki Yoshida, Toshifumi Matsuyama, Gordon S. Duncan, Tak W. Mak, Pamela S. Ohashi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

In contrast to conventional T cells, natural killer (NK) 1.1+ T cell receptor (TCR)-α/β+ (NK1+T) cells, NK cells, and intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) bearing CD8-α/α chains constitutively express the interleukin (IL)-2 receptor (R)β/15Rβ chain. Recent studies have indicated that IL-2Rβ/15Rβ chain is required for the development of these lymphocyte subsets, outlining the importance of IL-15. In this study, we investigated the development of these lymphocyte subsets in interferon regulatory factor 1–deficient (IRF-1−/−) mice. Surprisingly, all of these lymphocyte subsets were severely reduced in IRF-1−/− mice. Within CD8-α/α+ intestinal IEL subset, TCR-γ/δ+ cells and TCR-α/β+ cells were equally affected by IRF gene disruption. In contrast to intestinal TCR-γ/δ+ cells, thymic TCR-γ/δ+ cells developed normally in IRF-1−/− mice. Northern blot analysis further revealed that the induction of IL-15 messenger RNA was impaired in IRF-1−/− bone marrow cells, and the recovery of these lymphocyte subsets was observed when IRF-1−/− cells were cultured with IL-15 in vitro. These data indicate that IRF-1 regulates IL-15 gene expression, which may control the development of NK1+T cells, NK cells, and CD8-α/α+ IELs.