tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Separating Cardiac From Pulmonary Dyspnea-Reply
Authors: Thomas A. Raffin
Journal: JAMA (1978)

We are anxious to reply to the complaint of Portnoi and Habot. In the interests of good patient care, they are apparently concerned with our recommendation to use an empiric diuretic trial to separate difficult cases of bronchial vs cardiac asthma. Essentially, they felt diuresis was too dangerous to try, even in problem cases, because of the risk of worsening a bronchial asthma attack by drying bronchial secretions. We could understand this concern if our article had called for a rigorous diuretic trial as an early routine diagnostic maneuver. However, our article was quite clear in advising a thoughtful diuretic trial after careful attempts to establish either a cardiac or pulmonary cause had failed. We do not understand their comment, "Administering diuretics not only will not be helpful..." Did they mean to say that diuresis is not helpful in cardiac asthma? This is certainly incorrect. Also, they conclude
Glycemic Control in Diabetic Patients With Impaired Endogenous Insulin Secretory Capacity Is Vulnerable After a Natural Disaster: Study of Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Mamiko Tanaka, Junta Imai, Michihiro Satoh, Takanao Hashimoto, Tomohito Izumi, Shojiro Sawada, Kenji Uno, Yutaka Hasegawa, Keizo Kaneko, Tetsuya Yamada, Yasushi Ishigaki, Yutaka Imai, Hideki Katagiri
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

In March 2011, the Tohoku district of Japan experienced the Great East Japan Earthquake. When treating numerous diabetic outpatients affected by this earthquake, we noticed that postdisaster glycemic control alterations varied among patients. Therefore, we speculated that predicting which diabetic patients have glycemic control that is vulnerable to an extreme situation such as a huge natural disaster is important for allocating limited medical resources effectively in times of great need. Furthermore, predicting who these patients are may enable us to provide them with guidance for postdisaster management in advance, thereby minimizing exacerbation of the diabetic condition. However, at present, there are no available markers predicting postdisaster diabetic vulnerability. Therefore, to identify potentially useful markers, we collected data on several metabolic parameters from 497 diabetic patients who had been followed up at hospitals located in the devastated areas prospectively at 1 and 3 months after the earthquake, and retrospectively using medical records from pre-earthquake time points.

First, we divided the 497 diabetic outpatients into two groups (i.e., the …
John Hubert Shelswell
Authors: T C Thorne
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Consultant orthopaedic surgeon Rochford and Southend General Hospitals, later South East Essex NHS Trust, 1955-85 (b Shrewley, Warwickshire, 1919; q Manchester 1943; FRCS), died from coronary thrombosis on 27 February 2002.

John was an excellent hand surgeon, treated sports injuries with steroid injections long before this became commonplace, and instituted large sessions of day stay cases in 1965. He played a leading part in establishing the local private hospital. John had been a keen sailor, was a skilled photographer and horticulturist, and a talented maker of models in metal and wood; golf was his abiding interest, latterly somewhat curtailed by vascular disease and diabetic neuropathy. He leaves a wife, Cicely; two children; and five grandchildren.
Course of HIV-I infection in a cohort of homosexual and bisexual men: an 11 year follow up study.
Authors: G W Rutherford, A R Lifson, N A Hessol, W W Darrow, P M O'Malley, S P Buchbinder, J L Barnhart, T W Bodecker, L Cannon, L S Doll
Journal: BMJ (1990)

OBJECTIVE--To characterise the natural history of sexually transmitted HIV-I infection in homosexual and bisexual men. DESIGN--Cohort study. SETTING--San Francisco municipal sexually transmitted disease clinic. PATIENTS--Cohort included 6705 homosexual and bisexual men originally recruited from 1978 to 1980 for studies of sexually transmitted hepatitis B. This analysis is of 489 cohort members who were either HIV-I seropositive on entry into the cohort (n = 312) or seroconverted during the study period and had less than or equal to 24 months between the dates of their last seronegative and first seropositive specimens (n = 177). A subset of 442 of these men was examined in 1988 or 1989 or had been reported to have developed AIDS. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Development of clinical signs and symptoms of HIV-I infection, including AIDS, AIDS related complex, asymptomatic generalised lymphadenopathy, and no signs or symptoms of infection. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--Of the 422 men examined in 1988 or 1989 or reported as having AIDS, 341 had been infected from 1977 to 1980; 49% (167) of these men had died of AIDS, 10% (34) were alive with AIDS, 19% (65) had AIDS related complex, 3% (10) had asymptomatic generalised lymphadenopathy, and 19% (34) had no clinical signs or symptoms of HIV-I infection. Cumulative risk of AIDS by duration of HIV-I infection was analysed for all 489 men by the Kaplan-Meier method. Of these 489 men, 226 (46%) had been diagnosed as having AIDS. We estimated that 13% of cohort members will have developed AIDS within five years of seroconversion, 51% within 10 years, and 54% within 11.1 years. CONCLUSION--Our analysis confirming the importance of duration of infection to clinical state and the high risk of AIDS after infection underscores the importance of continuing efforts both to prevent transmission of HIV-I and to develop further treatments to slow or stall the progression of HIV-I infection to AIDS.
South East Asia confronts its rapidly aging population
Authors: S. Ebrahim
Journal: BMJ (1997)

South East Asia is having to face the problems of a rapidly aging population more quickly than other areas of the world. As a result, the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) has established a programme to tackle the needs of the growing elderly population.

It took over 100 years for the proportion of Belgium's population aged over 60 …
Association Between Dietary Whole Grain Intake and Risk of Mortality
Authors: Hongyu Wu, Alan J. Flint, Qibin Qi, Rob M. van Dam, Laura A. Sampson, Eric B. Rimm, Michelle D. Holmes, Walter C. Willett, Frank B. Hu, Qi Sun
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Higher intake of whole grains has been associated with a lower risk of major chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease (CVD), although limited prospective evidence exists regarding whole grains' association with mortality.To examine the association between dietary whole grain consumption and risk of mortality.We investigated 74 341 women from the Nurses' Health Study (1984-2010) and 43 744 men from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (1986-2010), 2 large prospective cohort studies. All patients were free of CVD and cancer at baseline.Hazard ratios (HRs) for total mortality and mortality due to CVD and cancer according to quintiles of whole grain consumption, which was updated every 2 or 4 years by using validated food frequency questionnaires.We documented 26 920 deaths during 2 727 006 person-years of follow-up. After multivariate adjustment for potential confounders, including age, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, and modified Alternate Healthy Eating Index score, higher whole grain intake was associated with lower total and CVD mortality but not cancer mortality: the pooled HRs for quintiles 1 through 5, respectively, of whole grain intake were 1 (reference), 0.99 (95% CI, 0.95-1.02), 0.98 (95% CI, 0.95-1.02), 0.97 (95% CI, 0.93-1.01), and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.88-0.95) for total mortality (P fortrend < .001); 1 (reference), 0.94 (95% CI, 0.88-1.01), 0.94 (95% CI, 0.87-1.01), 0.87 (95% CI, 0.80-0.94), and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.78-0.92) for CVD mortality (P fortrend < .001); and 1 (reference), 1.02 (95% CI, 0.96-1.08), 1.05 (95% CI, 0.99-1.12), 1.04 (95% CI, 0.98-1.11), and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.91-1.04) for cancer mortality (P fortrend = .43). We further estimated that every serving (28 g/d) of whole grain consumption was associated with a 5% (95% CI, 2%-7%) lower total morality or a 9% (95% CI, 4%-13%) lower CVD mortality, whereas the same intake level was nonsignificantly associated with lower cancer mortality (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.94-1.02). Similar inverse associations were observed between bran intake and CVD mortality, with a pooled HR of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.73-0.87; P fortrend < .001), whereas germ intake was not associated with CVD mortality after adjustment for bran intake.These data indicate that higher whole grain consumption is associated with lower total and CVD mortality in US men and women, independent of other dietary and lifestyle factors. These results are in line with recommendations that promote increased whole grain consumption to facilitate disease prevention.
TCT-41 The Impact of Left Main Disease on Long-term Clinical Outcomes Among Patients Treated With The Unrestricted Use of Everolimus-Eluting, Sirolimus-Eluting, and Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents: A Substudy of the Bern-Rotterdam Cohort
Authors: Aris Moschovitis, Giulio Stefanini, Michael Magro, Lorenz Räber, Bindu Kalesan, Masanori Taniwaki, Joost Daemen, Peter Wenaweser, Ron Van Domburg, Bernhard Meier, Peter Juni, Patrick Serruys, Stephan Windecker
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN IMMUNOGLOBULIN ALLOTYPES AND IMMUNE RESPONSES TO HÆMOPHILUS INFLUENZÆ AND MENINGOCOCCUS POLYSACCHARIDES
Authors: J.P. Pandey, G. Virella, C.B. Loadholt, H.H. Fudenberg, C.U. Kyong, R.M. Galbraith, E.C. Gotschlich, J.C. Parke
Journal: The Lancet (1979)
Evidence for involvement of clonally expanded CD8+ T cells in anticancer immune responses in CLL patients following nonmyeloablative conditioning and hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: T Kollgaard, S L Petersen, S Reker Hadrup, T N Masmas, T Seremet, M H Andersen, H O Madsen, L Vindeløv, P thor Straten
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Enhanced drug delivery capabilities from stents coated with absorbable polymer and crystalline drug
Authors: Wenda C. Carlyle, James B. McClain, Abraham R. Tzafriri, Lynn Bailey, Brett G. Zani, Peter M. Markham, James R.L. Stanley, Elazer R. Edelman
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2012)

Current drug eluting stent (DES) technology is not optimized with regard to the pharmacokinetics of drug delivery. A novel, absorbable-coating sirolimus-eluting stent (AC-SES) was evaluated for its capacity to deliver drug more evenly within the intimal area rather than concentrating drug around the stent struts and for its ability to match coating erosion with drug release. The coating consisted of absorbable poly-lactide-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and crystalline sirolimus deposited by a dry-powder electrostatic process. The AC-SES demonstrated enhanced drug stability under simulated use conditions and consistent drug delivery balanced with coating erosion in a porcine coronary implant model. The initial drug burst was eliminated and drug release was sustained after implantation. The coating was absorbed within 90 days. Following implantation into porcine coronary arteries the AC-SES coating is distributed in the surrounding intimal tissue over the course of several weeks. Computational modeling of drug delivery characteristics demonstrates how distributed coating optimizes the load of drug immediately around each stent strut and extends drug delivery between stent struts. The result was a highly efficient arterial uptake of drug with superior performance to a clinical bare metal stent (BMS). Neointimal thickness (0.17±0.07 mm vs. 0.28±0.11 mm) and area percent stenosis (22±9% vs. 35±12%) were significantly reduced (p<0.05) by the AC-SES compared to the BMS 30 days after stent implantation in an overlap configuration in porcine coronary arteries. Inflammation was significantly reduced in the AC-SES compared to the BMS at both 30 and 90 days after implantation. Biocompatible, rapidly absorbable stent coatings enable the matching of drug release with coating erosion and provide for the controlled migration of coating material into tissue to reduce vicissitudes in drug tissue levels, optimizing efficacy and reducing potential toxicity.
Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 on Cancer Cells and Tissue Endothelial Cells in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Prognostic Implications and Clinical Significance for Invasion and Metastasis
Authors: Yasuyoshi Miyata, Takahisa Iwata, Kojiro Ohba, Shigeru Kanda, Masaharu Nishikido, Hiroshi Kanetake
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) correlates with the malignant potential of various tumors and patient survival. We investigated the clinical and prognostic significance of MMP-7 expression in cancer cells and endothelial cells in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Experimental Design: We reviewed tissue samples of 156 patients with RCC who had undergone radical operation. MMP-7 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry. Sections containing MMP-7-positive vessels were also stained for CD34. The density of MMP-7-positive vessels was determined by a computer-aided image analysis system. Multivariate analysis was done to assess relevant variables for invasion, metastasis, and cause-specific survival. Results: The proportion of MMP-7-expressing tumor cells were significantly higher (P &amp;lt; 0.001) than that of normal cells. MMP-7-positive vessels were considered blood vessels based on staining for CD34, and their density was increased in tumor areas. The proportion of MMP-7-expressing cancer cells and density of MMP-7-positive vessels correlated with grade, pathologic tumor stage, and metastasis. Multivariate analysis showed that MMP-7 expression on cancer cells correlated with pathologic tumor stage only, whereas MMP-7-positive vessel density correlated with metastasis only. The elevated status of MMP-7 in cancer tissues was an independent predictor for cause-specific survival (odds ratio, 8.61; P = 0.040) by multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Our results showed that MMP-7 influences tumor progression by regulating invasion and angiogenesis. Multivariate analysis showed that MMP-7 status of cancer tissues was strong predictor of poor prognosis. Our results suggest that MMP-7 targeting treatment may be a potential target against RCC.
Windows of Opportunity to Improve Diabetes Care When Patients With Diabetes Are Hospitalized for Other Conditions
Authors: Sheila H. Roman, Mark R. Chassin
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

OBJECTIVE—The overwhelming majority of hospitalizations for patients with diabetes occur for treatment of comorbid conditions. This study assessed broad-based interventions to improve diabetes care for patients hospitalized with cardiac conditions. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A pre-post quasi-experimental study design was used to evaluate the implementation of two quality improvement interventions: 1) revision of the hospital’s capillary blood glucose monitoring form into a color-coded process control chart and 2) a clinical path for type 2 diabetes as a secondary diagnosis. Interventions were implemented on the medical and surgical cardiac care units (not including the intensive care units on these services) of a tertiary academic medical center. A chart abstraction sample included 328 subjects with no exposure to the interventions and 336 subjects hospitalized after both interventions were implemented. Telephone surveys were conducted after discharge on 446 patients. RESULTS—The frequency of patients with severe hyperglycemia (at least one glucose level &amp;gt;400 mg/dl) and prolonged hyperglycemia (at least three consecutive glucose levels &amp;gt;250 mg/dl) decreased from 12 and 17% preintervention to 6.6 and 10% postintervention (P = 0.017 and P = 0.013, respectively). We found that 9% of the patients preintervention and 5% of the patients postintervention (P = 0.05) had nosocomial infections. Patient-reported receipt of self-care instruction varied from 44 to 69% on nine survey items preintervention. Postintervention linear regression slopes for receipt of self-care instruction were all greater than preintervention slopes, but the differences did not achieve statistical significance. We found that 40% of the patients had important diabetes knowledge deficits. CONCLUSIONS—Our broad-based interventions were associated with a decreased frequency of prolonged and severe hyperglycemia and a decreased frequency of nosocomial infections. We also identified opportunities to improve diabetes self-care instruction before discharge and to address important knowledge deficits of patients.
Identification of severe and extensive coronary artery disease by automatic measurement of transient ischemic dilation of the left ventricle in dual-isotope myocardial perfusion SPECT
Authors: Marco Mazzanti, Guido Germano, Hosen Kiat, Paul B. Kavanagh, Erick Alexanderson, John D. Friedman, Rory Hachamovitch, Kenneth F. Van Train, Daniel S. Berman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
The Pattern of Vascular Reactivity in Experimental Hypertension of Varied Origin
Authors: IRVINE H. PAGE, JAMES MCCUBBIN
Journal: Circulation (1951)

The response of the arterial pressure to a variety of drugs acting on different parts of the vascular tree has been employed to determine the contrasting mechanisms of chronic hypertension experimentally produced in dogs. The results suggest that the pattern of response depends on the state of the extrinsic regulatory mechanisms of the blood vessels rather than on intrinsic change in vascular musculature. Contrasting with chronic renal hypertension, greatly increased vasomotor function causes increased peripheral resistance in chronic neurogenic hypertension. The hypertension seems to us to be due more to this increase in resistance than to increased cardiac output. The pattern of vascular responsiveness in acute hypertension is different from the chronic and emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between the two phases of hypertension.
Malignant chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells elaborate soluble factors that down‐regulate T cell and NK function
Authors: Jack D. Burton, Carol H. Weitz, Neil E. Kay
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract To determine if the frequently observed T celt and natural kitler dysfunction in B‐chronic lymphocytic leukemia might be related to the presence of large numbers of malignant B cells, we studied the effects of secretory or shed products of CLL B cells on normal (control) T cell and NK function. The cell‐free supernatants from CLL B cells cultured from 24 to 48 hr inhibited a variety of T cell functions including: PHA‐induced proliferation, PHA‐stimulated entry of T cells into the cell cycle, and PHA‐induced production of interleukin‐2. In addition, B‐CLL supernatants diminished control NK activity. Purified control B cells and other malignant cell lines produced little or no inhibitory activity toward these T cell or NK functions. The sera from these same B‐CLL patients diminished PHA‐induced interleukin‐2 production by control T cells. Initial molecular characterization of the inhibitory factor(s) revealed it to be of low molecular weight (&lt; 5000 daltons) with loss of functional activity after treatment with neuraminidase. This suggested that this substance might be either a ganglioside or glycoprotein whose inhibitory activity depends on the presence of a sialic acid moiety. If CLL B celts are capable of secreting or shedding immunosuppressive factors), then alteration of this property may result in a more normal immune system for these patients.
An epidemiological study of football (soccer) injuries in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: S O Azubuike, O H Okojie
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2008)

The increase in popularity of soccer and expectations from players make significant numbers of soccer injuries conceivable. Concerns have been expressed about the demand placed on the modern-day footballer and translation of these physical and mental demands into injuries. Despite the popularity and importance of the game of soccer in Benin, no detailed study on the occurrence of soccer injury has been carried out.The study sets out to describe and assess the determinants and effects of soccer injuries.Seven clubs (196 players) from the premiership, professional, national and state amateur clubs were studied using a descriptive cross-sectional study design. A pre-designed semi-structured questionnaire and key informants interview guide were used for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used in the analysis, with significant levels generally taken at 5% level of significance.A total of 196 players sustained 204 injuries with a prevalence rate of 81.6%. More injuries were recorded during matches (46.1%) than during training (36.8%). Injuries occurring by body contact constituted 62.3% of the total injuries. The ankle (25%) was the most affected site, followed by the knee (20.1%), while sprain injury (33.3%) and strain (13.2%) were the commonest injury types. Moderate injury (28.9%) was the highest form of severity recorded. Recurrent injury accounted for 38.8% of injuries, occurring more in training (44.9%) than in matches (36.7%). A greater percentage (86.8%) of the injuries were traumatic in nature, with tackling (44.6%) being the commonest mechanism. Defenders (34.3%) and strikers (31.4%) had higher injury occurrence. The association between the player's role and the mechanism of injury was significant (p = 0.02), while that between weather condition and injury type was very significant (p = 0.004). Moreover, the association between experience and mechanism of injury was extremely significant (p<0.001). The study also shows that injury has economic, physical and psychological impacts on players.A prevalence rate of 81.6% was recorded. Sprain was the leading injury type, while the ankle was the most affected anatomical site. Factors such as weather, previous injury, experience, role, and activity tend to influence injury occurrence. Soccer injury also has economic, physical and psychological implications. It is therefore recommended that preventive measures such as adequate treatment of injuries, full rehabilitation after injuries, use of protective equipment, appropriate exercises and warm-ups, continual team education on injury managements and skill improvement, etc., be utilised and enforced to protect this group of sport workers.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Early Surgery Versus Conventional Treatment in Asymptomatic Very Severe Aortic Stenosis”
Authors: Duk-Hyun Kang, Ji Hye Rim, Sung-Cheol Yun, Dae-Hee Kim, Jong-Min Song, Suk Jung Choo, Jae-Kwan Song, Jae-Won Lee, Sung-Ji Park, Seung Woo Park, Pyo-Won Park
Journal: Circulation (2010)
BLOOD PIGMENTS IN PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
Authors: G. O. Broun, Olivia Ames, Sylvia Warren, Francis W. Peabody
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1925)

The conception of pernicious anemia as a disease associated with increased blood destruction has been widely accepted, but the problem of the mechanism involved in the destructive process has given rise to much debate. The subject demands further study and a preliminary note on one phase of the investigations going on in this laboratory has already been published (1). Phagocytosis of red cells in the bone marrow and hemolymph nodes of active cases of pernicious anemia was found to be a striking phenomenon. Observations on the blood pigments and their possible significance in relation to blood destruction will be discussed in the present communication. Particular attention has been directe4i to the variations in the amount of bilirubin in the blood plasma in different stages of the disease in patients who could be followed over long periods of time.