tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Colour-Blindness in the Mercantile Marine of the United States
Authors: S. T. Armstrong
Journal: BMJ (1888)

of November 12th, have prompted me to present the re- sults of the experience with this question of that branch of the United States Service whichl has supervision over the sanitary affAirs of the' mercantile marine.It was a matter of some surprise to note the high percentage of colour-blind seamen in the results of the Board of Trade examinations, but this seens explicable when it is understood that the names of the colours are required.Since 1880, all pilots on harbour vessels and steamboats, on
Pulmonary nocardiosis. Therapy with minocycline and with erythromycin plus ampicillin
Authors: M. C. Bach
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Sulfonamides were ineffective in the treatment of pulmonary nocardiosis in one recipient of a renal homotransplant and produced severe sensitivity reactions precluding their further use in another. Favorable antinocardial and clinical effects were achieved by treatment with erythromycin plus ampicillin in the latter and with minocycline in the former. Selection of appropriate therapy was based on tests for susceptibility of the causative organism to antimicrobial agents, for which suitable inoculum, medium, and incubation period were used.
Milk whey‐specific immune complexes in allergic and non‐allergic subjects
Authors: S. J. D. Bell, P. C. Potter
Journal: Allergy (1988)

We developed an antigen‐ and isotype‐specific ELISA for the rapid detection of native serum immune complexes (IC). It is a sandwich assay, in which a solid phase antigen‐specific capture antibody selectively binds the auitigen‐specific IC via the antigen. The isotype of the bound IC is then identified using an enzyme‐labelled indicator antibody. Using this sensitive assay system, we were able to detect native serum milk whey‐specific immune complexes (SMIC) of the IgG, IgE and IgA isotypes. Detectable amounts of native serum SMIC of all three isotypes were found in sera of the majority of both atopic and non‐atopic subjects. The ELISA was then used to compare the levels of native IgE SMIC in sera of milk RAST positive atopic patients with those found in milk RAST negative atopic patient sera. Milk RAST positive patient sera were found to have significantly higher mean levels ( P ≥0.005) of native IgE SMIC than milk RAST negative sera. Sera of other atopic individuals were also found to contain significantly higher mean levels (P 0.005) of native IgG and IgA SMIC than non‐atopic donors. IgE IC may specifically be involved in adverse symptoms seen in milk allergic patients.
Steatorrhoea in the Adult
Authors: J. Badenoch
Journal: BMJ (1960)

My interest in this subject stems from two main sources.Firstly, after the war I was privileged to work in Professor Witts's department in Oxford, where the main lines of study have been in haematology and gastro-enterology, and patients with one or other of the malabsorption syndromes forged a link between these two and lay at the focal point of our research.Secondly, it seemed to me that clinically the steator- rhoeas marched across the whole field of medicine and surgery in the way that syphilis used to do in the old days, and there was hardly a special department which could not produce a number of cases from its records.Steatorrhoea is a convenient marker of small-intestinal insufficiency, but we now know that the condition is one of panmalabsorption, and it is this universal failure of function which gives rise to the wide variety of symptoms and signs and makes the condition so interesting to physicians in all branches of medicine.My purpose in these lectures is to present the clinical picture of steatorrhoea as I have seen it in Oxford, to survey the widely differing conditions which may lead to its development, and to use this framework to indicate the present limits of our knowledge.
Cimetidine and gastric ulcer healing.
Authors: K G Jensen, S Rune, H R Wulff
Journal: BMJ (1977)

nioxythiolin-free control.A 10-[u sample from each tube was plated on blood agar at 0, 1, 1, 2, 4, and 24 h.The results for one of the organisms tested with 10" bacteria added to 1 ml of solution are shown in the table.It can be seen that 2 h exposure -was required for killing by a 10 g 1 solutioni of noxythiolin, although the N\BC as prexviously determined was 2 g 1.Two other organisms (MBC 1 g 1) when tested with 10' organisms ml showed complete killing by 20 g 1 in 1 h, by 10 g 1 in 2 h and by both 5 g 1 and 2 5 gl1 in 4 h.
TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS HAS NO MAJOR INFLUENCE ON PLATELET MICRO–RNA EXPRESSION: RESULTS FROM MICRO–ARRAY PROFILING IN A COHORT OF 60 PATIENTS
Authors: Thomas G. Nuehrenberg, Christian Stratz, Harald Binder, Michael Amann, Willibald Hochholzer, Dietmar Trenk, Bernd L. Fiebich, Franz–Josef Neumann
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Liquids and Gases Are Fluids
Authors: Julius Kaunitz
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I enjoyed very much your editorial (<i>JAMA</i><b>193</b>:152-153 [July 12] 1965) which gives an example of felicitous writing in the quotation from W.C. Bornemeier's article on hemorrhoidectomy, where he praises the sphincter ani for its supreme ability to "... differentiate between solid, fluid, and gas." I am interested in the word<i>fluid</i>here, which is correct according to medical usage but not as accurate as the word liquid which, like gas, is also a fluid. Physicists and engineers speak of "liquid levels." I myself used this phrase in articles on hydrothorax. French physicians say<i>niveau liquide</i>, and Spanish physicians use<i>nivel liquido</i>, not<i>fluido</i>.
Infectious mononucleosis and depression of cellular immunity.
Authors: K Lantrop, B Wahren, A Hanngren
Journal: BMJ (1972)

DECEMBER 1972 to date found methylmethacrylate cement to cause worrying problems in the anaesthetic management of total hip arthroplasty.In our experience the use of such cement in these operations is safe, but an expert ap- praisal of the degree of plasticity of the mixed cement and the choice of the exact moment for its introduction are, in our opinion, the important factors which ensure this freedom from complications.-We are, etc.
Thrombophlebitis; Current Problems and Some Factors Which Retard Their Solution
Authors: Charles H. Fuller
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Dr. Morrell, a resident in medicine, is to be commended for attempting the formidable task of bringing up to date the subject of thrombophlebitis, a truly enigmatic disease. On the positive side, the subject matter is in most respects well referenced. The author no doubt devoted considerable energy to his review of the literature. Yet in the menagerie of words the author seems to have lost sight of the forest for the trees. The reader bogs down in a quagmire of references (over 900) and minutiae of detail, a perhaps unavoidable situation when this particular subject is reviewed; yet many important references are omitted. A significant defect is a lack of proportion. It is puzzling to find 47 pages on etiology, 16 pages on diagnosis, 19 pages on treatment (including only 3 pages on surgical treatment), 27 pages on "new horizons," 51 pages of references—yet no section on prophylaxis. Admittedly,
Heat shock protein-mediated cell penetration and cytosolic delivery of macromolecules by a telomerase-derived peptide vaccine
Authors: Seoung-Ae Lee, Bo-Ram Kim, Bu-Kyung Kim, Dong-Won Kim, Won-Jun Shon, Na-Rae Lee, Kyung-Soo Inn, Bum-Joon Kim
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Critical Condition: How Health Care in America Became Big Business &amp; Bad Medicine
Authors: David Woods
Journal: BMJ (2005)

T hese authors may have won a couple of the highly respected Pulitzer prizes, but their journalistic style owes more to the newspaper proprietor the prize is named for. Towards the end of the 19th century Joseph Pulitzer's New York World engaged in cut-throat competition with William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal , each trying to outdo the other in sensationalism, emotional exploitation of news, and what became known as “yellow journalism.”

   ![][1] 

Donald L Barlett, James B Steele

Doubleday, $24.95, pp 268 ISBN 0 385 50454 3 Also available as an ebook, $17.95

www.randomhouse.com/doubleday/

Rating: ![Graphic][2] 

Critical Condition , with its litany of horror anecdotes, hyperbole, and frequent distortions, is more in that mode. “Everywhere there is unease,” the authors write, while contributing to it themselves by citing numerous examples of the US healthcare system failing individual patients. Take, for example, the retired seam-stress whose gallstones were diagnosed but whom the hospital refused to treat because she was uninsured. Retired? If she was over 65 she would have been covered by Medicare; if in poverty, by Medicaid.

> US drug companies spend some $3bn a year advertising their prescription products directly to the consumers

And yes, it's a national disgrace …

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Mad Cow Disease: The History of BSE in Britain
Authors: R M Ridley
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Richard W Lacey Cypsela Publications, £15.99, pp 200 ISBN 1 899516 00 X

In Mad Cow Disease Richard Lacey presents his view of two aspects of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)--the science of this intriguing disease and the chronology of the government's response to an unprecedented epidemic.

Lacey accuses the government of acting slowly, of not spending enough money, of not basing its decisions on science, and, more particularly, of being inconsistent about the relationship between BSE and scrapie. On this last point the government had little alternative but to look to scrapie, a disease of almost identical pathogenesis (but which even Lacey believes offers little risk to humans), while remembering that BSE is new and therefore has the potential (but only the potential) to be different. The government has already spent more than £150 million on disease control and research and its speed of response has been constrained by the …
IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES IN RELATION TO THE SUPRARENAL GLAND
Authors: J. Marmorston-Gottesman, David Perla
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1929)

Table I and Figs. 1 and 2 summarize the experiments done on 150 rats. Suprarenalectomy in rats is followed by a striking depression in antibody formation most marked during the first week following the operation. Repeated injections of large amounts of isotonic sodium chloride or sodium acetate solutions restore the antibody titer to normal. The effect of these solutions is not due to diuresis alone, since isotonic glucose solution does not affect the titer, nor to the sodium alone, since hypertonic solutions of sodium chloride in small volume have little influence on the titer. Both the sodium ion and the water volume are necessary in the restoration of the titer.
Extensive Intraperitoneal Haemorrhage of Unknown Origin
Authors: H. G. Wolskel
Journal: BMJ (1952)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Most populations live in spatially structured environments and that structure has the potential to impact the evolutionary dynamics in a number of important ways. Theoretical models tracking evolution in structured environments using a range of different approaches, suggest that local interactions and spatial heterogeneity can increase the adaptive benefits of motility, impact both the rate and extent of adaptation, and increase the probability of parallel evolution. We test these general predictions in a microbial evolution experiment tracking phenotypic and genomic changes in replicate populations of <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> evolved in both well-mixed and spatially-structured environments, where spatial structure was generated through the addition of semi-solid agar. In contrast to the well-mixed environment, populations evolved in the spatially-structured environment adapted more slowly, retained the ability to disperse more rapidly, and had a greater putatively neutral population genomic diversity. The degree of parallel evolution measured at the gene-level, did not differ across these two types of experimental environments, perhaps because the populations had not evolved for long enough to near their fitness optima. These results confirm important general impacts of spatial structure on evolutionary dynamics at both the phenotypic and genomic level.
Tissue damage and nutritional factors in experimental respiratory tract (Co-)carcinogenesis.
Authors: P G Reuzel, V J Feron, B J Spit, R B Beems, R Kroes
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Cofactors involved in respiratory tract carcinogenesis were studied in Syrian golden hamsters or in rats using benzo(a)pyrene as the carcinogenic agent. These factors included severe tissue damage induced by electro-coagulation, glass fibers administered by intratracheal instillation, acetaldehyde as irritant vapor, food restriction, and nutrients such as vitamin A and saturated and unsaturated fats. In addition, the effects of a combined exposure to four different major gaseous cigarette smoke components--methyl nitrate, isoprene, methyl chloride and acetaldehyde--and to one solid cigarette smoke component--norharman--were examined in short- and long-term inhalation studies. An interesting finding was the carcinogenicity of acetaldehyde, of which the possible mechanism is briefly discussed. Another conspicuous observation was the substantial increase in number and size of lipid droplets in alveolar fibroblasts of hamsters fed a high vitamin A diet.
Editorial: Coronary care unit in a temporal dimension
Authors: S. Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Conceived and organized as a specialized intensive care facility—a circumscribed area in space—the coronary care unit (CCU) has acquired a temporal dimension. It has become a focal point in time, a present tense for the past and future of a patient with myocardial infarction. We speak glibly of pre-CCU, CCU, and post-CCU phases, as if they were natural states in the progression of a disease. And we relate specific risks to each of these stages. Initially, attention centered on the risk of sudden death occurring in the CCU. When, however, it became apparent that more than 50% of such deaths are caused by arrhythmias that occur before the patient reaches the hospital, interest focused on the pre-CCU period. It became important to learn more about events that preceded the fatal arrhythmias, about their possible warning signals and their pathogenesis. In a recent report, Liberthson and associates<sup>1</sup>provide pertinent clinical
Patterns of expression in the developing myocardium: towards a morphologically integrated transcriptional model
Authors: D Franco
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

The heart is the first embryonic organ to function. Early in development, the heart shows autorhythmycity and peristaltoid contraction waves [1, 2]. Contraction requires the expression of a specific set of proteins that form the contractile apparatus, i.e. the sarcomere. The contraction–relaxation cycle of the sarcomeric apparatus is mediated by changing local concentrations of free calcium. This function is achieved by another set of specific proteins, located in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and in the sarcolemma.

Fascinating questions that are still poorly understood are how the cardiogenic lineage becomes established to form the peristaltoid contracting tube without valves and how this tube becomes transformed into the synchronous-contracting four-chambered heart with unidirectional valves. It is well documented that the expression of the different isoforms of contractile proteins changes considerably during these stages (for a review see [3]). However, a detailed analysis of the changes in the patterns of gene expression in relation to cardiac morphogenesis is lacking. In the present review we try to fill this gap. We have centred our attention on gene products (mRNA and protein) expressed in the working myocardium of mammals and birds. No distinction has been made when mRNA and protein display the same pattern of expression, however we have highlighted those cases where the pattern of expression differs between mRNA and protein. The development and expression pattern of genes of the conduction system of the heart merits an independent review [4](Moorman et al., Circ. Res., in press). Data referring to other experimental models as Drosophila , Xenopus or zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) are included only if they are helpful for our general understanding. Often only gene expression in the presumptive atria and/or presumptive ventricles is mentioned, whereas understanding the functional significance of the patterns of gene expression requires knowledge of the entire pattern including the … 

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +31 (20) 5664928; fax: +31 (20) 6976177; e-mail: a.f.moorman@amc.uva.nl
Mild phenotypic expression of CHILD syndrome in two generations
Authors: A.B. Alexandroff, E. Kinning, M. Bamford, K.H. Grzeschik, A. Milligan, R.D.R. Camp
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Journal Article Mild phenotypic expression of CHILD syndrome in two generations Get access A.B. Alexandroff, A.B. Alexandroff Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Kinning, E. Kinning Department of Clinical Genetics, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Yorkhill, Glasgow, G3 8SJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Bamford, M. Bamford Histopathology, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE1 5WW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K.H. Grzeschik, K.H. Grzeschik Department of Human Genetics, Philipp University, Marburg, Germany E‐mail:anton.alexandroff@gmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Milligan, A. Milligan Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.D.R. Camp R.D.R. Camp Departments of Dermatology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 161, Issue 3, 1 September 2009, Pages 714–715, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09369.x Published: 01 September 2009
VARYING HEMOLYTIC AND CONSTANT COMBINING CAPACITY OF STREPTOLYSINS; INFLUENCE ON TESTING FOR ANTISTREPTOLYSINS
Authors: B. E. Hodge, Homer F. Swift
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1933)

Certain properties of streptolysin in respect of hemolytic power and capacity for combining with antistreptolysins have been determined. The hemolytic strength may vary markedly, while under suitable conditions the combining power is constant. This stability of combining capacity makes it possible to prepare a large amount of streptolysin, standardize it against sera of known antistreptolysin strength, and use it as a reagent over a considerable period for testing the antistreptolysin content of unknown sera. A modified technique for making these tests is described.
Finesse, not local anaesthesia
Authors: P. Gambadauro, A. Magos
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The take home message of the systematic review and meta-analysis on local anaesthesia during outpatient hysteroscopy is misleading.1

The conclusion, “Injectable, preferably paracervical, administration of local anaesthetic should be used for women undergoing hysteroscopy as outpatients to reduce the amount of pain experienced,” is based on five randomised trials, two of which found paracervical blocks to be ineffective. …
Book: Strong Imagination: Madness, Creativity and Human Nature
Authors: I. McClure
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Daniel Nettle Oxford University Press, £16.99, pp 235 ISBN 019 850706 2 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> What are brains for? Why does madness exist? Why is human culture obsessed with creativity? These striking questions punctuate this thought provoking book, as it explores the relation between madness and creativity. The first half elegantly surveys affective illness and schizophrenia, with a fresh explanation of the biological, psychological, and social aspects of causation, and a helpful précis of the history of psychiatry (including the mistakes of the “antipsychiatry” movement). … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Immunological studies on aphthous ulcer and erythema nodosum-like eruptions in Behcet's disease
Authors: F. KANEKO, Y. TAKAHASHI, Y. MURAMATSU, Y. MIURA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

Patients with Behcet's disease show an intense delayed hypersensitivity (DH) reaction to a group of streptococcal bacteria. We have attempted to detect deposits of immune complexes and to analyse cytological reactions in the aphthous ulcers and erythema nodosum (EN)-like eruptions. Deposits of IgM and positive fluorescence of anti-streptococcal group D serum were found in vessel walls and sites infiltrated by inflammatory cells. Cytological analysis has revealed that the inflammatory infiltrating cells are mainly composed of activated T-cells and macrophages in association with natural killer cells. These results suggest that DH reactions with antigen-antibody mediated cytotoxicity may play an important role in causing the lesions of Behcet's disease.
What works in schizophrenia: Cognitive behaviour therapy is not effective
Authors: Peter J McKenna
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—Kingdon's statement that more than 20 randomised controlled trials and five meta-analyses have shown cognitive behaviour therapy to be beneficial in schizophrenia gives an oversimplified picture of both the randomised controlled trials and the meta-analyses.1 Reviewing the randomised controlled trials, Tarrier and Wykes, two supporters of cognitive behaviour therapy …
Changes in Maximal Exercise Performance in the Evaluation of Saphenous Vein Bypass Surgery
Authors: EUGENE S. LAPIN, JOHN A. MURRAY, ROBERT A. BRUCE, LOREN WINTERSCHEID
Journal: Circulation (1973)

To evaluate the improvement in myocardial oxygen delivery following saphenous vein graft surgery (SVG) for angina pectoris (AP), 46 patients underwent a multistage treadmill test of maximal exercise capacity before and 3-22 (average 8) months after SVG. Variables from exercise testing were correlated with symptomatic response, left ventricular hemodynamics, and graft patency. Functional capacity (NYHA) improved in 38 (85%), while 27 (59%) had a significant improvement in exercise performance. Functional aerobic impairment (FAI), or the percentage deviation from expected V O O2 max , improved by a mean of 16% ( P &lt; 0.001). Maximal systolic pressure-rate product/100 increased 36 ( P &lt; 0.002). Twenty of 29 (66%) with presurgical S-T segment depression had a normal response after surgery. Thirty-three patients were studied for graft patency and had quantitative angiography. Seventeen had all grafts patent and demonstrated a mean improvement of 21% in FAI ( P &lt; 0.0007). Those with occluded grafts showed no improvement in exercise performance. Sixteen of 22 (73%) with severe exercise impairment showed significant improvement, but only four of 14 (29%) with mild impairment showed a significant improvement. There were no mean changes in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, cardiac index, contraction plot, or systolic ejection fraction (SEF) in any of the patients. Preoperatively nine had a depressed SEF (&lt;50%), and no improvement in exercise performance could be demonstrated. Maximal treadmill testing has demonstrated objectively that SVG can improve functional capacity and that it is correlated with graft patency. Ideal surgical candidates appear to be those with severe exercise impairment and unimpaired ventricular performance.