tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with the development of vasculitis in rheumatoid arthritis: results of a case-control study.
Authors: A E Voskuyl, A H Zwinderman, M L Westedt, J P Vandenbroucke, F C Breedveld, J M Hazes
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

At the 2014 annual meeting of the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA), members were updated on Internet-based and continuing education programs in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The psoriasis and PsA GRAPPA video project, started in 2010, now comprises a set of 15 online videos that provide standardized psoriatic disease endpoint training and proficiency testing for clinicians and researchers. The GRAPPA Global Education Project, started in 2012, comprises several continuing medical education (CME) and non-CME initiatives to educate dermatologists, rheumatologists, and trainees about PsA and psoriasis.
Molecular and Genetic Analyses of Collagen Type IV Mutant Mouse Models of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage Identify Mechanisms for Stroke Prevention
Authors: Marion Jeanne, Jeff Jorgensen, Douglas B. Gould
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background— Collagen type IV alpha1 (COL4A1) and alpha2 (COL4A2) form heterotrimers critical for vascular basement membrane stability and function. Patients with COL4A1 or COL4A2 mutations suffer from diverse cerebrovascular diseases, including cerebral microbleeds, porencephaly, and fatal intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, the pathogenic mechanisms remain unknown, and there is a lack of effective treatment. Methods and Results— Using Col4a1 and Col4a2 mutant mouse models, we investigated the genetic complexity and cellular mechanisms underlying the disease. We found that Col4a1 mutations cause abnormal vascular development, which triggers small-vessel disease, recurrent hemorrhagic strokes, and age-related macroangiopathy. We showed that allelic heterogeneity, genetic context, and environmental factors such as intense exercise or anticoagulant medication modulated disease severity and contributed to phenotypic heterogeneity. We found that intracellular accumulation of mutant collagen in vascular endothelial cells and pericytes was a key triggering factor of ICH. Finally, we showed that treatment of mutant mice with a US Food and Drug Administration–approved chemical chaperone resulted in a decreased collagen intracellular accumulation and a significant reduction in ICH severity. Conclusions— Our data are the first to show therapeutic prevention in vivo of ICH resulting from Col4a1 mutation and imply that a mechanism-based therapy promoting protein folding might also prevent ICH in patients with COL4A1 and COL4A2 mutations.
Shift to green world economy would help reduce death and disease, report finds
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Investing 2% of global gross domestic product each year in ten key areas, including water and sanitation, would trigger a shift towards a green world economy that could reduce death and disease, says a United Nations report.

Investing this amount, around $1.3 trillion (£0.8 trillion; €0.95 trillion) a year worldwide, in this way, “can kick start a transition towards a low carbon, resource efficient green economy,” according to the report, which argues that this strategy would grow the global economy at around the same rate, if not more, than that forecast by models based on the current high carbon “brown” economy.

“It is clear that we must continue to develop and grow our economies,” said Achim Steiner, executive director of the United Nations …
PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATION IN MEDICINE
Authors: Ralph P. Creer
Journal: JAMA (1934)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> For a number of years I have paid particular attention to the illustrations that appear in textbooks and the various medical journals. Generally speaking, the standard of photographic illustrations in this country is low. This summer I reviewed one year's subscription of five standard medical journals for the quality of the photographs illustrating the articles. From my observation of a total of 3,600 photographs which appeared in these journals I compiled the following statistics: 864, or 24 per cent of the illustrations, were poor; 1,218, or 34 per cent, were only fair; 1,518, or 42 per cent, were good or excellent. I might mention that on looking over these illustrations I took into consideration the difficulty of photographing certain clinical subjects and the usual loss of detail that is encountered in the preparation of cuts. I noticed many beautiful photographs of roentgenograms. However, I feel safe in
Serum 25(OH)D and Type 2 Diabetes Association in a General Population
Authors: Lise Lotte N. Husemoen, Betina H. Thuesen, Mogens Fenger, Torben Jørgensen, Charlotte Glümer, Jannet Svensson, Lars Ovesen, Daniel R. Witte, Allan Linneberg
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine vitamin D status as a determinant for development of type 2 diabetes and deterioration of glucose homeostasis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A random sample of the general population of Copenhagen, Denmark, was taken as part of the Inter99 study. Included were 6,405 men and women aged 30-65 years at baseline (1999-2001), with 4,296 participating in the follow-up examination 5 years later (2004-2006). Vitamin D was determined at baseline as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. Diabetes was defined based on an oral glucose tolerance test and a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) test. Secondary outcomes included continuous markers of glucose homeostasis. RESULTS The risk of incident diabetes associated with a 10 nmol/L increase in 25(OH)D was odds ratio (OR) 0.91 (95% CI 0.84-0.97) in crude analyses. The association became statistically nonsignificant after adjustment for confounders, with an OR per 10 nmol/L of 0.94 (0.86-1.03). Low 25(OH)D status was significantly associated with unfavorable longitudinal changes in continuous markers of glucose homeostasis after adjustment for confounders. Fasting and 2-h glucose and insulin as well as the degree of insulin resistance increased significantly more during follow-up among those with low 25(OH)D levels compared with those with higher levels. CONCLUSIONS Low 25(OH)D status was not significantly associated with incident diabetes after adjustment for confounders. However, it was significantly associated with unfavorable longitudinal changes in continuous markers of glucose homeostasis, indicating that low vitamin D status could be related to deterioration of glucose homeostasis.
Cluster approach improves provision of disaster aid, says WHO
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A “cluster” approach, in which different aid organisations work together with shared goals, made for a better coordinated response to Cyclone Nargis, which hit Burma (Myanmar) in May this year, a report from the World Health Organization states.

The response used innovative forms of assessment and distribution to overcome severe political constraints in responding to the natural disaster, which claimed more than 160 000 lives.

Rudi Coninx, WHO’s coordinator for emergency relief efforts, was one of the first specialist staff from a United Nations agency on the ground in the wake of Cyclone …
Joint Effects of Physical Activity, Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Waist-to-Hip Ratio on the Risk of Heart Failure
Authors: Gang Hu, Pekka Jousilahti, Riitta Antikainen, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Jaakko Tuomilehto
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Obesity increases heart failure (HF) risk; however, the independent effect of physical activity and the joint effect of physical activity and adiposity on HF risk are not established. We evaluated the single and joint associations of physical activity and different indicators of adiposity (body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio) with HF risk.Study cohorts included 59 178 Finnish participants who were 25 to 74 years of age and free of HF at baseline. During a mean follow-up of 18.4 years, 1921 men and 1693 women developed HF. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of HF associated with low, moderate, and high physical activity were 1.00, 0.79, and 0.69 (P(trend)<0.001) for men and 1.00, 0.86, and 0.68 (P(trend)<0.001) for women, respectively. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of HF at different levels of body mass index (<25, 25 to 29.9, and >or=30 kg/m(2)) were 1.00, 1.25, and 1.99 (P(trend)<0.001) for men and 1.00, 1.33, and 2.06 (P(trend)<0.001) for women, respectively. Abdominal adiposity, measured by waist circumference or waist-to-hip ratio, was associated with a greater risk of HF among both men and women (all P(trend)<0.01). In joint analyses, the protective effect of physical activity was consistent in subjects at all levels of body mass index.General overweight and general and abdominal obesity are independently associated with an increased risk of HF, whereas moderate or high levels of physical activity are associated with a reduced risk of HF. The protective effect of physical activity on HF risk is observed at all levels of body mass index.
Common variants in the human platelet PAR4 thrombin receptor alter platelet function and differ by race
Authors: Leonard C. Edelstein, Lukas M. Simon, Cory R. Lindsay, Xianguo Kong, Raúl Teruel-Montoya, Benjamin E. Tourdot, Edward S. Chen, Lin Ma, Shaun Coughlin, Marvin Nieman, Michael Holinstat, Chad A. Shaw, Paul F. Bray
Journal: Blood (2014)
Impaired thymic development in mouse embryos deficient in apoptotic DNA degradation
Authors: Kohki Kawane, Hidehiro Fukuyama, Hideyuki Yoshida, Hiroko Nagase, Yoshiyuki Ohsawa, Yasuo Uchiyama, Kazuhisa Okada, Tetsuya Iida, Shigekazu Nagata
Journal: Nature Immunology (2003)
Dangers of transporting sick children by air
Authors: G R Cumming
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Metoclopramide (Maxolon; Primperan) which we last discussed in 1972<sup>1</sup> is widely used to treat heartburn and flatulent dyspepsia, and to facilitate intubation and radiological studies of the upper intestine. It is believed to help by increasing the pressure in the lower oesophageal sphincter and the rate of gastric emptying. It is also valuable in the management of nausea and vomiting due to drugs (including premedicants and anaesthetics), motion sickness, gastrointestinal disorders, and after radiotherapy. Unwanted effects mainly involve the central nervous system and include athetosis, dyskinesias, dystonia, oculogyric crisis and drowsiness. Metoclopramide can cause hyperprolactinaemia and this may occasionally result in galactorrhoea and impotence. The manufacturers advise against its use in early pregnancy.
Case 26-1978
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, James J. Galdabini, Betty U. McNeely, Harley A. Haynes, Eugene J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Presentation of CaseA 27-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of a rash.She was well until six months previously, when the first of several attacks of urinary frequency and dysuria occurred. Ampicillin was administered repeatedly during the next four months. Three weeks before admission an unknown cream was prescribed for a "vaginal infection" and was used on several occasions. Two weeks before entry symptoms of a urinary-tract infection recurred; a preparation of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole was taken during the next nine days, with occasional doses of acetaminophen.Five days before admission the patient experienced the sudden onset . . .
Bilateral Axillary Sentinel Nodes From Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Annette Hougaard Chakera, Ian Law, Esbern Friis, Christian Ingvar, Birger Hesse
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Static lymphoscintigraphy performed 24 hours after peritumoral injection of Tc-99m nanocolloid in a 62-year-old woman with invasive ductal carcinoma in the lower medial quadrant of the left breast showed drainage to 2 sentinel nodes in the left and 2 in the right axilla. Four sentinel nodes were excised from the left axilla, all without metastases. The right axilla was not explored. The authors regard the contralateral lymphatic drainage as an aberrant route from the primary tumor, most probably via the subdermal plexus. One previous report showed drainage to one sentinel node in each axilla, both containing metastases.
Development of the social brain in adolescence
Authors: Sarah-Jayne Blakemore
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2012)

The brain has evolved to understand and interact with other people. We are increasingly learning more about the neurophysiological basis of social cognition and what is known as the social brain, that is the network of brain regions involved in understanding others. This paper focuses on how the social brain develops during adolescence. Adolescence is a time characterized by change – hormonally, physically, psychologically and socially. Yet until recently this period of life was neglected by cognitive neuroscience. In the past decade, research has shown that the brain develops both structurally and functionally during adolescence. Large-scale structural MRI studies have demonstrated development during adolescence in white matter and grey matter volumes in regions within the social brain. Activity in some of these regions, as measured using fMRI, also shows changes between adolescence and adulthood during social cognition tasks. I will also present evidence that theory of mind usage is still developing late in adolescence. Finally, I will speculate on potential implications of this research for society.
Insulin-like Growth Factors in Health and Disease
Authors: Derek LeRoith, David Clemmons, Peter Nissley, Matthew M. Rechler
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

▪ The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family of peptides, binding proteins, and receptors are ubiquitous and important for normal human growth and development. Modern techniques including specific radioimmunoassays, radioreceptor assays and recombinant DNA technology have improved our understanding of the role of IGFs in growth and development. In addition to enhancing our understanding of normal physiology, these techniques assess changes in these hormones, binding proteins, and receptors in pathologic conditions including growth retardation, acromegaly, malnutrition, diabetes, and malignancy. Further, these studies have led to improvement in the assessment of responses to certain therapies used in the treatment of these diseases and may lead to improvements in these therapies.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy in Rural Central India
Authors: Jost B. Jonas, Vinay Nangia, Anshu Khare, Arshia Matin, Krishna Bhojwani, Maithili Kulkarni, Ajit Sinha, Sarang Lambat, Rajesh Gupta, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with diabetes was recently estimated to be 34.6% (1–4). Living conditions in markedly rural regions differ considerably from those in urban areas where most previous studies were performed, and there are almost no data on the prevalence of DR available for the rural regions of India. We therefore performed this study in rural central India close to a remote tribal region. We assessed the prevalence of DR in this population mostly untouched by modern industrialization, examined the prevalence of DR within the group of subjects with diabetes, explored the relationship between DR and associated factors, and finally compared the findings with those obtained in studies from other regions and societies.

The population-based Central India Eye and Medical Study …
Differential impact of prostaglandin H synthase 1 knockdown on platelets and parturition
Authors: Ying Yu, Yan Cheng, Jinjin Fan, Xin-Sheng Chen, Andres Klein-Szanto, Garret A. FitzGerald, Colin D. Funk
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

Platelet activation is a hallmark of severe preeclampsia, and platelet PGH synthase 1–derived (PGHS1-derived) thromboxane A2 (TxA2) has been implicated in its pathogenesis. However, genetic disruption of PGHS1 delays parturition. We created hypomorphic PGHS1 (PGHS1Neo/Neo) mice, in which the substantial but tissue-dependent variability in the inhibition of PGHS1-derived eicosanoids achieved by low-dose aspirin treatment is mimicked, to assess the relative impact of this strategy on hemostatic and reproductive function. Depression of platelet TxA2 by 98% in PGHS1Neo/Neo mice decreased platelet aggregation and prevented thrombosis. Similarly, depression of macrophage PGE2 by 75% was associated with selectively impaired inflammatory responses. PGF2α at 8% WT levels was sufficient to induce coordinated temporal oxytocin receptor (OTR) expression in uterus and normal ovarian luteolysis in PGHS1Neo/Neo mice at late gestation, while absence of PGHS1 expression in null mice delayed OTR induction and the programmed decrease of serum progesterone during parturition. Thus, extensive but tissue-dependent variability in PG suppression, as occurs with low-dose aspirin treatment, prevents thrombosis and impairs the inflammatory response but sustains parturition. PGHS1Neo/Neo mice provide a model of low-dose aspirin therapy that elucidates how prevention or delay of preeclampsia might be achieved without compromising reproductive function.
Let-7 microRNAs target the lineage-specific transcription factor PLZF to regulate terminal NKT cell differentiation and effector function
Authors: Leonid A Pobezinsky, Ruth Etzensperger, Susanna Jeurling, Amala Alag, Tejas Kadakia, Tom M McCaughtry, Motoko Y Kimura, Susan O Sharrow, Terry I Guinter, Lionel Feigenbaum, Alfred Singer
Journal: Nature Immunology (2015)
False positive results of tests for syphilis and outcome of pregnancy.
Authors: R Lau, G E Forster
Journal: BMJ (1987)

12 Lambert T. Paranoid psychoses after abuse of proprietary cold remedies.BrJ Psyckiaay (in press).Refeeding hypophosphataemia in anorexia nervosa and alcoholism SIR,-The article by Dr Allan D Cumming and colleagues on refeeding hypophosphataemia (22 August, p 490) omits a number of salient points relating to the development of convulsions in alcoholics with complex biochemical disturbances.Several combinations of the abnormalities described might account for the symptoms observed.Magnesium depletion, in particular, is well known to be a common cause of convulsions in such patients.' In addition, magnesium deficiency induces hypokalaemia and hypocalcaemia, as well as hypomagnesaemia.In the alcoholic patient described the potential contributions ofother ionic imbalances, notably hypokalaemia (3-2 mmol/l) and hypomagnesaemia (0-36 mmol/l), are ignored.This is surprising in view of the fact that this patient required "separate infusions of calcium, magnesium, and potassium" before recovery.Though we should not ignore the potential importance of refeeding hypophosphataemia, the contribution of hypophosphataemia itself to the symptoms described remains unclear.
Curbside consultations. A closer look at a common practice
Authors: F. A. Manian
Journal: JAMA (1996)

INFORMAL or "curbside" consultations have been an important yet often an invisible part of the medical management of many patients. Indeed, questions such as "Can I get your thoughts?" or "Can I run something by you?" are familiar to many of us who specialize in purely "cognitive" disciplines such as infectious diseases. However, this subject has received little attention in the published literature.<sup>1-3</sup>Since the current health care climate is forcing examination of all important aspects of patient care, both visible and invisible, it may be timely to reexamine the pertinent issues surrounding curbside consultations. The following perspective on curbside consultations is based on our experience as infectious disease specialists in private practice who receive such consultations on almost a daily basis (occasionally four or more per day). We hope that discussion of the various aspects of curbside consultations will be the first step in refining their use without
Genetic Ancestry in Lung-Function Predictions
Authors: Rajesh Kumar, Max A. Seibold, Melinda C. Aldrich, L. Keoki Williams, Alex P. Reiner, Laura Colangelo, Joshua Galanter, Christopher Gignoux, Donglei Hu, Saunak Sen, Shweta Choudhry, Edward L. Peterson, Jose Rodriguez-Santana, William Rodriguez-Cintron, Michael A. Nalls, Tennille S. Leak, Ellen O'Meara, Bernd Meibohm, Stephen B. Kritchevsky, Rongling Li, Tamara B. Harris, Deborah A. Nickerson, Myriam Fornage, Paul Enright, Elad Ziv, Lewis J. Smith, Kiang Liu, Esteban González Burchard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Self-identified race or ethnic group is used to determine normal reference standards in the prediction of pulmonary function. We conducted a study to determine whether the genetically determined percentage of African ancestry is associated with lung function and whether its use could improve predictions of lung function among persons who identified themselves as African American.We assessed the ancestry of 777 participants self-identified as African American in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study and evaluated the relation between pulmonary function and ancestry by means of linear regression. We performed similar analyses of data for two independent cohorts of subjects identifying themselves as African American: 813 participants in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (HABC) study and 579 participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). We compared the fit of two types of models to lung-function measurements: models based on the covariates used in standard prediction equations and models incorporating ancestry. We also evaluated the effect of the ancestry-based models on the classification of disease severity in two asthma-study populations.African ancestry was inversely related to forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV(1)) and forced vital capacity in the CARDIA cohort. These relations were also seen in the HABC and CHS cohorts. In predicting lung function, the ancestry-based model fit the data better than standard models. Ancestry-based models resulted in the reclassification of asthma severity (based on the percentage of the predicted FEV(1)) in 4 to 5% of participants.Current predictive equations, which rely on self-identified race alone, may misestimate lung function among subjects who identify themselves as African American. Incorporating ancestry into normative equations may improve lung-function estimates and more accurately categorize disease severity. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.)
HDL Cholesterol and Cancer Risk Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Wenhui Zhao, Jing Guan, Ronald Horswell, Weiqin Li, Yujie Wang, Xiaocheng Wu, Gang Hu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

To investigate the relationship between HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and cancer risk among type 2 diabetic patients.We performed a retrospective cohort study of 14,169 men and 23,176 women with type 2 diabetes. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association of various levels of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) with cancer risk.During a mean follow-up period of 6.4 years, 3,711 type 2 diabetic patients had a cancer diagnosis. A significant inverse association between HDL-C and the risk of cancer was found among men and women. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of cancer at various levels of HDL-C at baseline (<30, 30-39.9, 40-49.9, 50-59.9, 60-69.9, 70-79.9, and ≥80 mg/dL) were 1.00, 0.87, 0.95, 1.01, 0.61, 0.45, and 0.37, respectively, in men (Ptrend = 0.027) and 1.00, 0.98, 0.88, 0.85, 0.84, 0.86, and 0.84, respectively, in women (Ptrend = 0.025). When stratified by race, BMI, smoking status, or medication use, the inverse association was still present. With an updated mean of HDL-C used in the analysis, the inverse association of HDL-C with cancer risk did not change. The inverse association substantially attenuated after excluding patients who died of or were diagnosed with cancer during the first 2 years of follow-up.The study suggests an inverse association of HDL-C with cancer risk among men and women with type 2 diabetes, whereas the effect of HDL-C was partially mediated by reverse causation.