tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Search engines continue to advertise rogue online pharmacies
Authors: N. Siva
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The United States based search engines Yahoo! and Bing (Microsoft’s search engine) are continuing to run advertisements for rogue online pharmacies that sell counterfeit, adulterated, or unapproved prescription drugs despite federal laws restricting advertising of drugs online.

A report published on 4 August by the companies KnujOn, a security firm, and LegitScript, an online pharmacy verification company—both of which have been endorsed by the US National Association of Boards of Pharmacy―investigated online pharmacies that were advertised on Bing and in advertisements sponsored by Microsoft (www.legitscript.com/BingRxReport.pdf). 

The researchers found that online advertisements on Bing permitted the sale of prescription drugs without a valid prescription and of illegally sourced and unregulated drugs. Of the 69 internet pharmacies in their analysis sponsored by Bing, 62 (90%) were operating illegally, …
Treatment of lichen planus with acitretin
Authors: Grete Laurberg, Jean-M. Geiger, Niels Hjorth, Per Holm, Klaus Hou-Jensen, Keld U. Jacobsen, Aksel Otkjear Nielsen, Jeanne Pichard, Jorgen Serup, Annelise Sparre-Jorgensen, Dennis Sorensen, Kristian Thestrup-Pedersen, Kristian Thomsen, Paul Unna, Jette Urup
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1991)
UK moves a step closer to being first country in world to allow "three parent babies"
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by rapid eye movement (REM) sleep abnormalities. The disease is caused by genomic imprinting defects that are inherited through the paternal line. Among the genes located in the PWS region on chromosome 15 (15q11-q13), small nucleolar RNA 116 (<i>Snord116</i>) has been previously associated with intrusions of REM sleep into wakefulness in both humans and mice. Here, we further explore the processes of sleep regulation by studying the PWScr<sup>m+/p-</sup> mouse line, which carries a paternal deletion of <i>Snord116.</i> We focused on microstructural electrophysiological components of sleep, such as REM sleep features and sleep spindles within NREM sleep. While the former are thought to contribute to neuronal network formation early in brain development, the latter are markers of thalamocortical processes. Both signals are often compromised in neurodevelopmental disorders and influence functional properties of cortical neurons. Thus, we isolated and characterized the intrinsic activity of cortical neurons using <i>in vitro</i> microelectrode array (MEA) studies. Our results indicate that the <i>Snord116</i> gene in mice selectively influences REM sleep properties, such as theta rhythms and the organization of REM episodes throughout sleep-wake cycles. Moreover, sleep spindles present specific abnormalities in PWS model systems, indicating that these features of sleep may translate as potential biomarkers in human PWS. We observed abnormalities in the synchronization of cortical neuronal activity that are accounted for by high levels of norepinephrine. In conclusion, our results provide support for an important role of <i>Snord116</i> in regulating brain activity during sleep and, in particular, cortical neuronal properties, thereby opening new avenues for developing interventions in PWS. <h3>Significance Statement</h3> We found that the <i>Snord116</i> gene, a major player in Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), significantly impacts REM sleep and its regulation. Additionally, we found that sleep spindles, a subtle electroencephalography (EEG) marker that occurs during NREM sleep, are dysregulated in PWS mice that carry a paternal deletion of the <i>Snord116</i> gene. Using a combination of <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> experiments, we identified sleep features at the network and molecular level that suggest that <i>Snord116</i> is fundamental in the synchronization of neuronal networks. Our study also provides a new pre-clinical tool to investigate the pathophysiology of sleep in PWS.
A Case of Bullet Wound of the Leg, in which the Bullet was Located by Skiagraphy
Authors: H. Marsh
Journal: BMJ (1898)

A BULLET LOCALISED BY SKIACTRAPHY.[1" Wz 1671 taken as already described, are placed so that the riglht eye image is opposite the right mirror and the left image opposite the left mirror, each eye will recognise its own picture, and they will combine (as usual) and give rise to a single image
Dicer1 activity in the stromal compartment regulates nephron differentiation and vascular patterning during mammalian kidney organogenesis
Authors: Naoki Nakagawa, Cuiyan Xin, Allie M. Roach, Natalie Naiman, Stuart J. Shankland, Giovanni Ligresti, Shuyu Ren, Suzanne Szak, Ivan G. Gomez, Jeremy S. Duffield
Journal: Kidney International (2015)
Changes in the<i>Journal</i>
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Beginning with this issue, we have changed the arrangement of our articles and some of the headings used to classify them. We have dropped the Medical Intelligence section, grouped all review articles under a new heading, and introduced another new section, called Brief Reports.For many years readers, contributors, and sometimes even editors have been puzzled by the disparateness of the articles appearing under the Medical Intelligence rubric. A brief historical review may help to explain why these articles have been such a melange. When the New England Journal of Medicine, Surgery and Collateral Branches of Science first began publication . . .
THE EFFECT OF THE X-RAY ON THE NODULES OF VERRUGA PERUANA
Authors: Henry R. Muller, Joseph R. Tyler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1930)

The supposition that X-ray would affect the developing and the developed verruga nodules experimentally induced in the monkey, has proved correct. The experiments show that the early verruga nodules when exposed to a single, properly graduated dose of X-ray producing merely erythema of the skin, are inhibited in their evolution. Moreover, the skin of Macacus rhesus monkeys is modified by a single erythema dose of X-ray in such a way that infection of it with Bartonella bacilliformis is rendered more difficult. These results are sufficiently striking to warrant the trial of X-ray in suitably guarded doses in the treatment of verruga nodules in man. Should the employment of convalescent serum influence the course of Carrion's disease favorably and the use of X-ray bring about a more certain and rapid devolution of verruga nodules in man, two practically applicable therapeutic measures will have been provided for the treatment of the two forms of the human disease.
T-bet terminates self-renewal
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

A T cell transcription factor favors short-term benefits over long-term stability, according to a new study by Intlekofer et al. (page 2015).






Figure 1

The transcription factor T-bet is expressed mainly in TEM cells.




Long-term protection against pathogens by CD8+ T cells is due to a self-renewing population of central memory (TCM) cells that circulate in the lymph nodes. When they see their target antigen, these cells first rapidly proliferate, become cytotoxic, and then head out to the periphery to fight the invaders. A faster attack mode is provided by effector memory T (TEM) cells, which are already in the periphery, but these cells quickly die out.

Memory T cell development requires a transcription factor called T-bet. Intlekofer et al. now find that mice lacking T-bet have plenty of TCM cells but lack the TEM pool. In normal mice, only the TEM cells expressed T-bet, suggesting that T-bet skews the balance between the two populations by driving the differentiation of activated CD8+ T cells into TEM cells.

CD8+ memory T cell development also requires signals from CD4+ T cells. The team found that these signals favored the growth of CD8+ TCM cells. Mice that lacked CD4+ T cells therefore had higher numbers of TEM cells than TCM cells. This expanded TEM population had high levels of T-bet protein. Deletion of T-bet corrected this defect by restoring the numbers of self-renewing cells.
Intraoperative Doppler color flow mapping for decision-making in valve repair for mitral regurgitation. Technique and results in 100 patients.
Authors: W J Stewart, P J Currie, E E Salcedo, B W Lytle, C C Gill, W A Schiavone, D A Agler, D M Cosgrove
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Mitral valve repair provides substantial advantages over mitral valve replacement in patients with severe mitral regurgitation. However, because of the possibility of persistent regurgitation, an intraoperative technique is needed to provide an immediate and accurate assessment of the adequacy of the repair before closure of the chest. One hundred patients with pure mitral regurgitation were studied with intraoperative epicardial Doppler color flow mapping immediately before and after valve repair. Intraoperative assessment of the severity of mitral regurgitation showed good agreement with preoperative left ventriculography and with standard precordial Doppler echocardiography before and after surgery. Postrepair intraoperative Doppler studies showed satisfactory surgical results in 92 patients. Postrepair intraoperative Doppler studies in the remaining eight patients demonstrated unsatisfactory results: persistent significant regurgitation in four, systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve with dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in three, and a persistent flail leaflet in one. In six of the eight patients, further surgery was performed during the same thoracotomy. In two patients, the intraoperative postrepair Doppler findings of persistent regurgitation were confirmed on precordial Doppler studies within 5 days, and mitral reoperation was required. Intraoperative epicardial Doppler color flow mapping provided a "safety net" that ensured a successful outcome in all 100 patients by providing the surgeon with a direct means to assess the success of the operation and the need for further surgery.
Temporal Trends and Predictors in the Use of Aldosterone Antagonists Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Andrew N. Rassi, Matthew A. Cavender, Gregg C. Fonarow, Christopher P. Cannon, Adrian F. Hernandez, Eric D. Peterson, W. Frank Peacock, Warren K. Laskey, Sylvia E. Rosas, Xin Zhao, Lee H. Schwamm, Deepak L. Bhatt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
The Operation of a Radiology Consultation Service in an Acute Care Hospital
Authors: Stephen R. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The operation of a radiology consultation service in an acute care teaching hospital is described. The radiologist acts as an active advisor in the structuring of diagnostic evaluations in three disease categories; biliary tract disease, nonemergency gastrointestinal tract bleeding, and abdominal mass. There was a 64% reduction in the time needed to establish a diagnosis and a 32% decrease in the number of studies for each patient on the consultation ward compared with a control group, which consisted of patients with similar clinical presentations. A formal partnership between clinician and radiologist serves two important functions in teaching hospitals. It can simultaneously expedite diagnostic evaluations and teach the best utilization of imaging examinations. (<i>JAMA</i>1982;248:2152-2154)
"Thoracoplasty in America."
Authors: W. W. Keen
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Philadelphia, Jan. 15, 1897.  To the Editor:  —I see in your issue of January 9, an article by Dr. A. H. Ferguson on Thoracoplasty in America, in which he states that the Bureau of American Medical Literature at Washington, D. C., informed him that they were unable to find any case of Schede's operation performed in America. I beg to state that in the Annals of Surgery , June 1895, p. 721, I published a case with successful result, which was done without any knowledge that Schede had preceded me.  Yours very truly,
ACUTE UNCINARIASIS FROM MASSIVE INFESTATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS
Authors: BAILEY K. ASHFORD
Journal: JAMA (1933)

In the year 1904 the Puerto Rico Anemia Commission wrote its report on what was the first organized campaign in the world against uncinariasis as a scourge of the agricultural laborer. This work embraced a very complete study of the clinical picture produced by the disease and insisted on what has not been emphasized in any other work on the subject; namely, the occasional occurrence of acute uncinariasis produced by sudden massive infestation. In a summary of the labors of the Puerto Rico Anemia Commission<sup>1</sup>is found a brief description of one of these acute cases in a Negro, a race supposed to be relatively immune. After working sixteen days at burying the feces of heavily infested patients in our field hospital in Utuado, he reported for treatment with extreme asthenia, severe gastralgia, and an unusually marked case of uncinarial dermatitis of the feet. The gastralgia had supervened on
US health spending accelerated in 1998
Authors: F. Charatan
Journal: BMJ (2000)

In 1998 total spending for health care in the United States reached $1.1 trillion (£688bn), an increase of 5.6%from 1997. The total represented $4094 per person, compared with $3912 in 1997.

These figures were given in a report published this month in Health Affairs, a public policy journal. Health care consumed 13.7%of gross domestic product in 1993, but by 1997 that share fell to 13.4%rising to 13.5%in 1998, the report said.

Growth in public spending …
Vomiting as a diagnostic aid in acute ischaemic cardiac pain.
Authors: D A Ingram, R A Fulton, R W Portal, C P Aber
Journal: BMJ (1980)

<h3>Background</h3> Most colon cancers start with dysregulated Wnt/β-catenin signalling and remain a major therapeutic challenge. Examining whether HAMLET (human α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumour cells) may be used for colon cancer treatment is logical, based on the properties of the complex and its biological context. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate if HAMLET can be used for colon cancer treatment and prevention. <i>Apc<sup>Min</sup></i><sup>/+</sup> mice, which carry mutations relevant to hereditary and sporadic human colorectal tumours, were used as a model for human disease. <h3>Method</h3> HAMLET was given perorally in therapeutic and prophylactic regimens. Tumour burden and animal survival of HAMLET-treated and sham-fed mice were compared. Tissue analysis focused on Wnt/β-catenin signalling, proliferation markers and gene expression, using microarrays, immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry and ELISA. Confocal microscopy, reporter assay, immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting, ion flux assays and holographic imaging were used to determine effects on colon cancer cells. <h3>Results</h3> Peroral HAMLET administration reduced tumour progression and mortality in <i>Apc<sup>Min</sup></i><sup>/+</sup> mice. HAMLET accumulated specifically in tumour tissue, reduced β-catenin and related tumour markers. Gene expression analysis detected inhibition of Wnt signalling and a shift to a more differentiated phenotype. In colon cancer cells with <i>APC</i> mutations, HAMLET altered β-catenin integrity and localisation through an ion channel-dependent pathway, defining a new mechanism for controlling β-catenin signalling. Remarkably, supplying HAMLET to the drinking water from the time of weaning also significantly prevented tumour development. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These data identify HAMLET as a new, peroral agent for colon cancer prevention and treatment, especially needed in people carrying <i>APC</i> mutations, where colon cancer remains a leading cause of death.
Characterization of MB creatine kinase isoform conversion in vitro and in vivo in dogs.
Authors: J J Billadello, H L Fontanet, A W Strauss, D R Abendschein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Time-dependent removal of the COOH-terminal lysine residue from each subunit of tissue MM creatine kinase by plasma carboxypeptidase N produces two additional isoforms that are readily separated, thereby permitting sensitive, early detection of acute myocardial infarction. Only two isoforms of MB creatine kinase have been detected in plasma leading to speculation that the COOH-terminal lysine on the B subunit is resistant to hydrolysis. To define the biochemical changes resulting in MB creatine kinase isoform conversion, we incubated highly purified MB creatine kinase from canine myocardium with plasma carboxypeptidase N. Quantitative anion-exchange chromatography of incubation mixtures and serial plasma samples from dogs subjected to coronary occlusion revealed a second, more acidic form evolved with time that was separated from the tissue isoform. Cyanogen bromide digestion of the two isoforms followed by amino acid sequencing of COOH-terminal peptides showed that MB creatine kinase undergoes removal of the COOH-terminal lysine residue from both M and B subunits. An intermediate form lacking lysine on the M subunit was delineated during incubations by the combined use of anion-exchange chromatography and conventional electrophoretic techniques. Thus, sequential cleavage of lysine from subunits of MB creatine kinase produces an intermediate isoform that has not been detected previously because of difficulties separating it from the tissue and fully converted isoforms.
CHRONIC ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IMPAIRS ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION THAT IMPROVES AFTER SINUS RHYTHM RESTORATION BY CATHETER ABLATION
Authors: Satoshi Yoshino, Akiko Yoshikawa, Shuichi Hamasaki, Sanemasa Ishida, Naoya Oketani, Keishi Saihara, Hideki Okui, Hitoshi Ichiki, So Kuwahata, Shoji Fujita, Yasuhisa Iriki, Ryuichi Maenosono, Chuwa Tei
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Continuous vs Intermittent Heparin Therapy-Reply
Authors: Richard L. Glazier
Journal: JAMA (1977)

In view of the retrospective observation by Dr Hey that major hemorrhage from 5,000 units of heparin every six hours is rare, I would suggest that a prospective study might provide some useful information about this technique. Salzman et al<sup>1</sup>found that 5,000 to 10,000 units of heparin given every four hours according to patient weight, without regard to laboratory control, produced a 10% incidence of major bleeding. Regarding the 5% incidence of pulmonary embolus in our patients treated with continuous heparin, this is not statistically significant.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FIBRILLATION AND TREMOR
Authors: HERMAN DE JONG
Journal: JAMA (1942)

This study was undertaken in an effort to ascertain whether or not the   seen in the skeletal muscles of man is in the same category as tremor and to learn what factors influence it. The term coarse fibrillation is used advisedly in order to avoid confusion with the type of fine muscle action which physiologists call  Denny-Brown and Pennypacker 1 have studied a type of fine muscle contraction following complete muscle denervation. These  are invisible through the skin. They call these contractions true fibrillations and refer to the  visible through the skin as fascicular contractions. In this paper we are dealing with the phenomenon of irregular muscle contractions visible through the skin as rippling, which clinicians have called fibrillation.  Brain 2 states: Fibrillary twitching of muscles is seen in its most typical form as a result of chronic degeneration of the anterior horn cells. This
Abstract 400: Modulation of the metastatic microenvironment by soluble factors released by lung adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: María J. Carlini, Paula Vazquez, Miriam Diament, Mariana Salatino, Gabriel A. Rabinovich, Elisa D. Bal de Kier Joffe, Lydia I. Puricelli
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Soluble factors from primary tumors can modify target organs for metastasis through mobilization of bone marrow derived cells (BMDCs), which are recruited to tumors and to metastatic target organs and facilitate tumor growth and metastasis. Here we aimed to study early cellular and molecular events occurring in the lung, the metastatic target organ of the murine lung adenocarcinoma cell line LP07. We assessed by flow cytometry the numbers of BMDC positive for VEGFR1, SCF, CD34 or CXCR4 and the numbers of myeloid suppressor cells (CD11b+/Gr1+) and regulatory T cells (CD4+/CD25+/FOXP3+) in single cell lung suspensions obtained from 15-day tumor-bearing and control mice. Control and tumor-conditioned lungs of inoculated mice showed comparable amounts of these cell populations. To assess whether the primary tumor stimulates subsequent formation of macroscopic metastasis, mice bearing an intraperitoneal millipore chamber -that allows the diffusion of soluble molecules but not cell extravasation- loaded with LP07 cells or medium, were challenged with a LP07 intravenous inoculum at day 15. The presence of LP07 loaded chambers decreased the number of lung metastases three weeks after the inoculum compared to control mice (p≪0.05). In a different approach, mice were daily injected for 15 days with LP07 conditioned medium or control medium, and then challenged with a LP07 intravenous inoculum. When evaluated at day 21 post LP07 cell inoculation, the number of metastatic lung nodules was significantly lower (p≪0.05) in the group treated with LP07 conditioned medium. Besides, when we assessed matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in lung homogenates from 15 day-tumor bearing and control mice, we found a significant increase in MMP-9 activity (p≪0.05) as assessed by semi-quantitative zymography in lungs from tumor-bearing mice.In conclusion, in the LP07 lung adenocarcinoma model, tumor cells secrete soluble factors that induce certain changes in the metastatic target organ, as the increase of MMP-9 activity. Moreover, in this experimental metastatic approach, a decrease in metastasis development was observed; the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon deserve further investigation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 400. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-400
Schizophrenia: Biological and Psychological Perspectives
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Schizophrenia continues to present difficult problems of definition, diagnosis, etiology, and therapy. There is little agreement as to whether it is one or several diseases, or even if it is a disease at all. But everyone agrees that many people suffer from a condition usually called schizophrenia, and that their treatment and care is a tremendous burden to society. Although much research is being done on the subject, the results are often confusing and contradictory. Now, some clarification is available in this compact volume—a collection of papers presented at the January 1975 meeting of the American College of Psychiatrists, offering an excellent summary of current thinking about schizophrenia by experts in different fields. In the first chapter, Grinker provides an overview of progress in the past 50 years. Then, Cancro discusses genetics. He believes that the evidence for a genetic factor is overwhelming, but emphasizes that environmental factors also play
INFLUENCE OF THE MIND ON THE SKIN
Authors: None Bonjour
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1929)

Journal Article INFLUENCE OF THE MIND ON THE SKIN Get access Bonjour Bonjour Lausanne Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 41, Issue 8-9, 1 August 1929, Pages 324–326, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1929.tb09358.x Published: 01 August 1929