tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prognosis of patients with acute pulmonary edema and normal ejection fraction after acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: M A Warnowicz, H Parker, M D Cheitlin
Journal: Circulation (1983)

To assess the prognostic importance of resting left ventricular function in survivors of acute myocardial infarction with pulmonary edema, we retrospectively identified 39 consecutive patients who presented with acute pulmonary edema and myocardial infarction. Sixteen patients had radionuclide ejection fractions 10 +/- 2 days postinfarction of greater than 0.45 (group A, mean 0.55 +/- 0.06), and 23 patients had ejection fractions less than or equal to 0.45 (group B, 0.32 +/- 0.06). There were no significant differences between the two groups for age or sex, but group A patients had a significantly greater incidence of first myocardial infarction predominantly inferior in location. The calculated stroke work index during the acute event was significantly greater in group A than in group B (33.4 +/- 2.4 vs 23.4 +/- 2.0) (p less than 0.05). During a follow-up of 9 +/- 3 months, mortality was not significantly different between the two groups: Four (25%) died in group A and seven (30%) died in group B. In addition, eight patients (50%) in group A were hospitalized for recurrent angina, new myocardial infarction or recurrent pulmonary edema, compared with 11 (48%) in group B (NS). Three deaths in group A were preceded by infarction of the anterior wall of the left ventricle, confirmed at autopsy, and two nonfatal infarctions were anterior by electrocardiography. Four patients in group A had coronary arteriography performed during the follow-up period because of unstable angina, and all had significant (greater than or equal to 70% stenosis) three-vessel disease and two had left main coronary artery disease. Therefore, the predischarge ejection fraction did not predict prognosis for this group of patients. Patients with acute pulmonary edema in the course of myocardial infarction form a high-risk group despite good resting left ventricular function at discharge. They have a significant incidence of recurrent myocardial infarction and death and, because they have good residual left ventricular function, are excellent candidates for surgical intervention.
Diffuse panbronchiolitis in the United States.
Authors: J E Fitzgerald, T E King, D A Lynch, R M Tuder, M I Schwarz
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

Diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB), an important cause of progressive obstructive lung disease in the Far East, represents a distinctive sinobronchial syndrome with typical radiologic and histologic features. We have identified DPB in five citizens of the United States, three with histologic confirmation, who have never traveled to the Far East. There were four men and one woman, whose ages ranged from 46 to 75 yr at the time of diagnosis. All had a prior history of chronic sinusitis and presented with cough, dyspnea, and sputum production. Three were never smokers and two were current smokers. Pulmonary function testing revealed severe airflow limitation (the FEV1 ranging from 22% to 56% of predicted), and overdistention. All patients had high-resolution computed tomographic (HRCT) scans indicating centrilobular nodules with adjoining thickened and dilated bronchioles. In the three patients in whom open lung biopsy was performed, there was bronchiolocentric infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and foamy macrophages. Three patients remain alive and are being treated with chronic macrolide therapy. The clinical, radiographic, and histologic features of these patients closely resemble those described in Japanese patients. DPB must be considered in the differential diagnosis of sinopulmonary syndromes, bronchiolitis, and cryptic cases of obstructive lung disease among United States citizens, since therapy now offers an improved prognosis.
DETERIORATION OF CRYSTALLINE STROPHANTHIN IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
Authors: Robert L. Levy, Glenn E. Cullen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1920)

1. Many of the glass containers commonly used in the laboratory, and most of the glass ampules employed in marketing sterile solutions for hypodermic or intravenous medication, yield sufficient alkali on autoclaving, to change the reaction of distilled water from pH 6.0 to pH 9.0. 2. This increase in alkalinity is sufficient to render biologically inert and partially to decompose aqueous solutions of crystalline strophanthin in the concentration ordinarily employed in the clinic. 3. It is suggested that for clinical use crystalline strophanthin be dissolved in 0.02 M standard phosphate solution at pH 7.0, and marketed in hard glass ampules, thereby insuring stability of reaction with preservation of biologic activity. 4. It should be borne in mind, both by laboratory worker and pharmacist, that the alkali yielded, on heating, by soft glass containers may be responsible for a considerable alteration in the hydrogen ion concentration of their contents.
Rapid changes in light scattering from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes exposed to chemoattractants. Discrete responses correlated with chemotactic and secretory functions.
Authors: I Yuli, R Snyderman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

A platelet aggregometer was adapted for the simultaneous measurement of perpendicular light scattering in addition to light transmission. The addition of chemoattractants to polymorphonuclear leukocyte suspensions evoked a single wave of increased light transmission, whereas the perpendicular scattering measurement demonstrated a previously unrecognized biphasic response. The first perpendicular scattering response had no detectable latency and peaked at 10 +/- 1 s, then decayed rapidly. The second response peaked at 40 +/- 5 s, and decayed over several minutes. The dose-response curve of chemoattractants for inducing the rapid (10 +/- 1 s) perpendicular scattering peak corresponded to that which initiated chemotaxis. Initiation of the slow (40 +/- 5 s) peak required 10-fold higher amounts of chemoattractants, and the dose-response curve correlated with the induction of lysosomal enzyme secretion and superoxide anion production. Low doses of aliphatic alcohols, which have been shown to enhance chemotaxis but to inhibit secretion and superoxide anion production, abolished the slow perpendicular light-scattering response but left the fast response intact. Stimulants of secretion induced only slow and prolonged responses that were best observed in transmission measurements. In an attempt to resolve the origin of the light-scattering responses, the morphological changes of polymorphonuclear leukocytes were examined microscopically. Neither aggregation nor morphological whole cell polarization could be correlated with changes in light transmission or perpendicular scattering, which suggested that the source of scattering is of subcellular dimensions. The rapid perpendicular light-scattering response of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to chemoattractants appears to record an initial event in the stimulus-response coupling, and its measurement should provide a useful new tool for the study of leukocyte function. The biphasic nature of the light-scattering responses to chemoattractants, moreover, correlates with the dual regulation of the chemotactic and secretory responses of leukocytes.
A case of hypomagnesaemia due to malabsorption, unresponsive to oral administration of magnesium glycerophosphate, but responsive to oral magnesium oxide supplementation
Authors: J R ROSS, P I DARGAN, A L JONES, A KOSTRZEWSKI
Journal: Gut (2001)

Introduction —Oral and intravenous replacement of minerals such as magnesium and calcium are usually straightforward in clinical practice, the choice generally being governed by the preparation most readily available. There are very few data comparing efficacy and absorption profiles of different magnesium salts. This case report highlights the importance of considering alternative preparations of oral magnesium salts in patients who appear unresponsive to one preparation, rather than moving on to chronic intravenous therapy via a Hickman line. In the case of patients with small bowel shortening, the use of magnesium oxide should be considered.

Case report —A 39 year old Jamaican woman presented with a three day history of paraesthesia and cramps in her hands and feet. Her past medical history included an emergency laparotomy for a septic abortion resulting in extensive resection of both the small and large bowel, ileostomy formation, a left nephrectomy, and a hysterectomy. This surgery had been performed 15 months previously in Jamaica. She had recently begun to pass increasing volumes of liquid secretions into her ileostomy, up to 4–8 litres/day.

On examination she was clinically dehydrated with positive Trousseau's and Chovstek's signs but neurological examination was otherwise normal. The stoma was functioning but copious amounts of clear stomal fluids were noted to be pouring from it. Initial blood tests revealed a normochromic normocytic anaemia (haemoglobin 11.8 g/dl). Renal function was abnormal (sodium 140 mmol/l, potassium 3.2 mmol/l, urea 9.5 mmol/l, creatinine 248 nmol/l) and she had a low corrected calcium (1.9 …
Angioscopic Comparison of Neointimal Coverage Between Zotarolimus- and Sirolimus-Eluting Stents
Authors: Masaki Awata, Shinsuke Nanto, Masaaki Uematsu, Takakazu Morozumi, Tetsuya Watanabe, Toshinari Onishi, Osamu Iida, Fusako Sera, Jun-ichi Kotani, Masatsugu Hori, Seiki Nagata
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Use of Cell Viability Assay Data Improves the Prediction Accuracy of Conventional Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship Models of Animal Carcinogenicity
Authors: Hao Zhu, Ivan Rusyn, Ann Richard, Alexander Tropsha
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

To develop efficient approaches for rapid evaluation of chemical toxicity and human health risk of environmental compounds, the National Toxicology Program (NTP) in collaboration with the National Center for Chemical Genomics has initiated a project on high-throughput screening (HTS) of environmental chemicals. The first HTS results for a set of 1,408 compounds tested for their effects on cell viability in six different cell lines have recently become available via PubChem.
Enhanced docetaxel-mediated cytotoxicity in human prostate cancer cells through knockdown of cofilin-1 by carbon nanohorn delivered siRNA
Authors: Francisco C. Pérez-Martínez, Blanca Carrión, Maria I. Lucío, Noelia Rubio, María A. Herrero, Ester Vázquez, Valentín Ceña
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Etretinate in pustular psoriasis of plams and soles
Authors: S.I. WHITE, JANET M. MARKS, S. SHUSTER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

In a double-blind controlled study of patients with pustular psoriasis of palms and soles who were allocated at random to etretinate or placebo, we found that etretinate improved the condition as assessed by pustule count and overall clinical response. Side-effects occurred but were accepted by the patients in the short-term. The clinical usefulness of etretinate in this condition will depend on time to relapse, and whether this can be prevented or postponed by continuous treatment. Toxicity in the long-term will also be important.
Pediatricians Are Generalists Too-Reply
Authors: Paul R. Young
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We agree completely with Dr DeWitt that pediatricians are generalist physicians for children, much in the same way that internists are generalist physicians for adults. The joint statement of the two boards specifically acknowledges that general pediatricians must also be part of the solution to the overall shortage of generalist physicians. Accordingly, we welcome and look forward to the participation of pediatric organizations in the national discussions of generalism and the training of generalist physicians.
145. Detection of the Primary Destabilizing Modification of Liquid-Formulated Adenoviral Vectors by Anion-Exchange High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Cassandra Shu, David Frey
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Anion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography (AEX- HPLC) has been widely used to assess the quantity, quality and stability of adenoviral vectors investigated in pre-clinical and clinical gene therapy studies. We have developed an AEX-HPLC method to analyze liquid-stored adenoviral vectors for changes during long- term storage in a variety of formulations at 5° and 25°C. Applying orthogonal methods, we have determined that AEX-HPLC retention time (RT) correlates with changes in physical and functional properties of the virus during storage.
Sifting the evidence---what's wrong with significance tests? Another comment on the role of statistical methods
Authors: J. A C Sterne
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The findings of medical research are often met with considerable scepticism, even when they have apparently come from studies with sound methodologies that have been subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. This is perhaps particularly the case with respect to epidemiological findings that suggest that some aspect of everyday life is bad for people. Indeed, one recent popular history, the medical journalist James Le Fanu's The Rise and Fall of Modern Medicine , went so far as to suggest that the solution to medicine's ills would be the closure of all departments of epidemiology.1

One contributory factor is that the medical literature shows a strong tendency to accentuate the positive; positive outcomes are more likely to be reported than null results.2–4 By this means alone a host of purely chance findings will be published, as by conventional reasoning examining 20 associations will produce one result that is “significant at P=0.05” by chance alone. If only positive findings are published then they may be mistakenly considered to be of importance rather than being the necessary chance results produced by the application of criteria for meaningfulness based on statistical significance. As many studies contain long questionnaires collecting information on hundreds of variables, and measure a wide range of potential outcomes, several false positive findings are virtually guaranteed. The high volume and often contradictory nature5 of medical research findings, however, is not only because of publication bias. A more fundamental problem is the widespread misunderstanding of the nature of statistical significance.

#### Summary points

P values, or significance levels, measure the strength of the evidence against the null hypothesis; the smaller the P value, the stronger the evidence against the null hypothesis

An arbitrary division of results, into “significant” or “non-significant” according to the P value, was not the intention of the …
Cost-effectiveness of Adult Vaccination Strategies Using Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Compared With Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine
Authors: Kenneth J. Smith, Angela R. Wateska, Mary Patricia Nowalk, Mahlon Raymund, J. Pekka Nuorti, Richard K. Zimmerman
Journal: JAMA (2012)

<h3>Context</h3>The cost-effectiveness of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) compared with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) among US adults is unclear.<h3>Objective</h3>To estimate the cost-effectiveness of PCV13 vaccination strategies in adults.<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>A Markov state-transition model, lifetime time horizon, societal perspective. Simulations were performed in hypothetical cohorts of US 50-year-olds. Vaccination strategies and effectiveness estimates were developed by a Delphi expert panel; indirect (herd immunity) effects resulting from childhood PCV13 vaccination were extrapolated based on observed PCV7 effects. Data sources for model parameters included Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Active Bacterial Core surveillance, National Hospital Discharge Survey and Nationwide Inpatient Sample data, and the National Health Interview Survey.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Pneumococcal disease cases prevented and incremental costs per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained.<h3>Results</h3>In the base case scenario, administration of PCV13 as a substitute for PPSV23 in current recommendations (ie, vaccination at age 65 years and at younger ages if comorbidities are present) cost $28 900 per QALY gained compared with no vaccination and was more cost-effective than the currently recommended PPSV23 strategy. Routine PCV13 at ages 50 and 65 years cost $45 100 per QALY compared with PCV13 substituted in current recommendations. Adding PPSV23 at age 75 years to PCV13 at ages 50 and 65 years gained 0.00002 QALYs, costing $496 000 per QALY gained. Results were robust in sensitivity analyses and alternative scenarios, except when low PCV13 effectiveness against nonbacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia was assumed or when greater childhood vaccination indirect effects were modeled. In these cases, PPSV23 as currently recommended was favored.<h3>Conclusion</h3>Overall, PCV13 vaccination was favored compared with PPSV23, but the analysis was sensitive to assumptions about PCV13 effectiveness against nonbacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia and the magnitude of potential indirect effects from childhood PCV13 on pneumococcal serotype distribution.
Heat&amp;ndash;Induced Cellular Damage and Tolerance in Combination with Adriamycin for the PC&amp;ndash;3 Prostate Cancer Cell Line: Relationships with Cytotoxicity, Reactive Oxygen Species and Heat Shock Protein 70 Expression
Authors: N. Moriyama-Gonda, M. Igawa, H. Shiina, S. Urakami, Y. Wada, M. Terashima
Journal: European Urology (2000)
Abstract 5742: Hand pattern and prostate cancer risk
Authors: Aneela A. Rahman, Artitaya Lophatananon, Duncan Harris, John Anderson, Douglas Easton, Tim Key, Richard Pocock, David Dearnaley, Michelle Guy, Steven Edwards, Lynne O'Brien, Rosemary A. Wilkinson, Amanda L. Hall, Emma Sawyer, Elizabeth Page, Jo-Fen Liu, Rosalind Eeles, Kenneth Muir
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract ABSTRACT Background Hand pattern (pattern of index compared to ring finger on the right hand, 2D:4D) has been studied for a number of decades as a potential predictor for disease occurrence. It is known to be associated with certain hormone related diseases developed during adult life but there have been no studies so far of 2D:4D ratio and prostate cancer risk. This study assesses the association between hand and prostate cancer. Methods We analysed the right hand pattern and prostate cancer risk in 1524 cases aged ≤ 80 and 3044 population-based controls. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using multivariate logistic regression (to allow for adjustment of confounders) estimating whether there was any association between right hand pattern and the risk of prostate cancer. Results The reference group was chosen to be the commonest hand pattern seen in males which is index finger shorter than ring finger. Compared to this group there was no difference in men with index finger equal to ring finger (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.88-1.25) whereas men with index finger longer than ring finger showed a negative association indicative of a marker of a protective effect with a 33% risk reduction compared to index finger shorter than ring finger (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.57-0.80). Conclusion This study showed that the pattern of finger lengths appears to be a community based surrogate marker of prostate cancer risk with length of 2D greater than 4D indicative of lower risk which has previously been shown to be also associated with lower prenatal testicular activity. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5742.
Commuting-Adjusted Short-Term Health Impact Assessment of Airborne Fine Particles with Uncertainty Quantification via Monte Carlo Simulation
Authors: Michela Baccini, Laura Grisotto, Dolores Catelan, Dario Consonni, Pier Alberto Bertazzi, Annibale Biggeri
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Exposure to air pollution is associated with a short-term increase in mortality, and this field has begun to focus on health impact assessment.Our aim was to estimate the impact of PM10 on mortality within 2 days from the exposure in the Italian region of Lombardy for the year 2007, at the municipality level, examining exposure entailed by daily intermunicipality commuting and accounting for uncertainty propagation.We combined data from different sources to derive probabilistic distributions for all input quantities used to calculate attributable deaths (mortality rates, PM10 concentrations, estimated PM10 effects, and commuting flows) and applied a Monte Carlo procedure to propagate uncertainty and sample the distribution of attributable deaths for each municipality.We estimated that annual average PM10 concentrations above the World Health Organization-recommended threshold of 20 μg/m3 were responsible for 865 short-term deaths (80% credibility interval: 475, 1,401), 26% of which were attributable to PM10 above the European Union limit of 40 μg/m3. Reducing annual average PM10 concentrations > 20 μg/m3 by 20% would have reduced the number of attributable deaths by 36%. The largest estimated impacts were along the basin of the Po River and in the largest cities. Commuting contributed to the spatial distribution of the estimated impact.Our estimates, which incorporated uncertainty quantification, indicate that the short-term impact of PM10 on mortality in Lombardy in 2007 was notable, and that reduction in air pollution would have had a substantial beneficial effect on population health. Using commuting data helped to identify critical areas for prioritizing intervention.
Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance and Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Robert A. Kyle, S. Vincent Rajkumar
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2015)

Elin Edda Sigurdardottir, BS; Ingemar Turesson, MD, PhD; Sigrun Helga Lund, PhD; Ebba K. Lindqvist, MD; Sham Mailankody, MD; Neha Korde, MD; Magnus Björkholm, MD, PhD; Ola Landgren, MD, PhD; Sigurdur Y. Kristinsson, MD, PhD
Healthshare: Clifton to Pachod
Authors: M. Harper
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Twinning arrangements between towns and villages in Britain and their counterparts in the developing world are becoming increasingly common. The Whiteladies Healthshare Project is unusual, however, in forming a link between a general practice health centre in Britain and a community health scheme in rural India.

The initiative came from social workers at the Whiteladies Health Centre in Clifton, Bristol. Approaches were made to Oxfam, which agreed to facilitate contacts with the Comprehensive Health and Development Project in Pachod, Maharastra State. Oxfam has supported the work in Pachod for several years and was able to provide detailed information and establish personal contacts. Funds raised in Bristol were earmarked for the work in Maharastra. When Oxfam reached the point of withdrawing from commitment the Healthshare committee decided to continue to develop the relationship and, after prolonged negotiations with the Charity Commissioners, it was granted charitable status.

Medical work in Pachod was started by a missionary, Walter Bishop. For a long time he had been aware of the physical needs of the people to whom he ministered. One day, while giving communion to an old man dying of leprosy, he was convinced that he heard God telling him to build a hospital in Pachod. He eventually managed this in the 1930s at a cost of about pounds sterling250. From 1942 the work was supervised by Dr Gladys Jeffree, who now lives …