tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Rapid Method of Preparing Permanent Sections for Microscopical Diagnosis
Authors: L. Pick
Journal: BMJ (1897)

THE benefit derived from the use of pyoktanin as an injec- tion first led me to think of using the anilines internally; of these 1 found methylene blue best suited.The cases in which I exhibited this drug were all first attacks, and this I consider a very important point bearing on the success attending this treatment.CASE i.-J.C. consulted me on August I4th.The discharge had existed four days, and it was then seven days since the time of coninection.He stated positively that it was his first attempt at intercourse.The penis was conisiderabay swollen, the glans very iiiuch congested, and the pre- puceiedeinatous.The dischlarge was copious, wlhitish-yellow in colour, witlhout any odour.I washed the glanis penis with lhot boric lotion.A specimilen of the dischlarge stained with metlhylene blue showed on micro- scopical examination laige cllaracteristic pns cells, almost every one of wlhichl contained micrococci-gonlococci anid staplhylococci-witlh a few micrococci in the serum.I prescribed metlhylene blue 3 gr.thrice daily atnd citrate of potash I5 gr.thrlice daily.Oil August Igth the pain and swvelling lhad almost gone; the discharge, whlich was copious but serous, was examined microscopically wvitlhout stailling1. 1 found pus cells not so al)undait, containing few cocci whlich were stainled.Tlhere were some el)itlhelial cells.I colleeted a spe(imen and stained withimnetlhylene blue as oii the first occasion, but could niot make out a greater niuniiber of cocei than in the specinien examiiined direct froiii the urethra.The treat- ment was continued, anid aii injeCtion of alumn, 3 gr.to ail ounce of hot water, was directed to be used tlhrice daily.Oni August 26tli the pain was gonie and there was Ino dischlarge.I lhave seenl the patient twice siiice -oni September 2nd and 23id-alid lie lias had nio recurrence.The patient
The Spectrum of Vitamin K Deficiency
Authors: Jack E. Ansell
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The coagulopathy induced by vitamin K deficiency commonly results from our lack of awareness of the clinical setting associated with vitamin K deficiency. Thirteen cases are reviewed to illustrate the clinical correlates most frequently observed. Dietary deficiency was always present, but concomitant antibiotic therapy was not an absolute requirement. The postoperative patient is at high risk, as is the patient with cancer or renal failure. Abnormal bleeding was common, but significant hemorrhage occurred only in postoperative patients. Factor assays were helpful and occasionally necessary to make the diagnosis, but a therapeutic trial with parenteral vitamin K was often enough to provide the right diagnosis. Greater awareness of this deficiency syndrome is necessary to avoid the serious morbidity that often results. (<i>JAMA</i>238:40-42, 1977)
REMARKS ON THE METHODS OF OPERATIONS IN VOGUE FOR CYSTOCELE WITH AND WITHOUT PROLAPSE OF THE UTERUS.
Authors: C. O. THIENHAUS
Journal: JAMA (1902)

When I again take the liberty of bringing the subject of operative treatment of cystocele and prolapse of the uterus, already threshed over in many gynecological societies, before this scientific body, it is not my intention to add to the large supply of methods in vogue a new procedure, substantiated perhaps by two or three operations, but to point out a few thoughts which I believe to be altogether timely. There has been and still seems to be a great difference of opinion in regard to the question whether retroversion or retroversio-flexion of the uterus, so often connected with cystocele, is the antecedent and primary cause of the cystocele and prolapse or whether, as H. W. Freund<sup>1</sup>expresses himself in his article, "Ueber Moderne Prolapse-operationen," "The descent of the anterior vaginal wall is usually primary, as shown by the extended observation of puerperal cases." There is, in my opinion,
Effects of Helicobacter pylori Eradication on Early Stage Gastric Mucosa–Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma
Authors: Angelo Zullo, Cesare Hassan, Francesca Cristofari, Alessandro Andriani, Vincenzo De Francesco, Enzo Ierardi, Silverio Tomao, Manfred Stolte, Sergio Morini, Dino Vaira
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2009)
OTOSCLEROSIS IN IDENTICAL TWINS
Authors: GEORGE E. SHAMBAUGH
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Otosclerosis is the most important cause for severe deafness coming on in early or middle adult life. The pathology, the clinical picture, the diagnosis and the prognosis of the disease and its relative frequency were accurately described by Bezold, who in 1885 was the first to show that the characteristic clinical picture is due to bony ankylosis of the stapes. The acceptance of these facts, however, particularly concerning the frequency of otosclerosis, has been slow, especially in this country where histologic examination of temporal bones was until recently limited to a very few investigators. Seeing is believing; and, as the microscopic study of temporal bones is being carried out more extensively and in more places, the accuracy of the observations of Bezold, Siebenmann and others that otosclerosis is a very common disease is beginning to be appreciated. Knowledge of the etiology of this very important cause for progressive deafness has
Fibrinolysin as an Agent for Treatment of Thromboembolic Accidents
Authors: Eugene E. Cliffton
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE DEVELOPMENT of effective fibrinolytic (thrombolytic) agents has offered new hope for the treatment of vascular thrombosis and emboli. Many investigations have reported significant improvement over the results obtained by other means of therapy in large numbers of patients with venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolus, and peripheral arterial thrombosis or embolus. Other conditions which have been treated satisfactorily include central retinal vein and artery thrombosis. Cerebral and coronary thrombosis remain, in the opinion of almost all investigators, a subject which requires prolonged investigation before an opinion concerning usefulness of these agents can be offered.<sup>1</sup> As with many such developments, there has been difference of opinion among investigators concerning specific types of materials to be used to produce the activity desired. This has been compounded in the case of fibrinolysin (Thrombolysin) because of the inability to develop truly objective methods of testing for activity and response. As a result strong opinions
CEA: still trying to find a niche
Authors: C. Rinke
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Resection leads to less recurrence than strictureplasty in a paediatric population with obstructive crohn's
Authors: R. Bamford, A. Hay, D. Kumar
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Resection and Strictureplasty are used to treat patients with obstructive Crohn9s disease. Strictureplasty is considered preferable in adults as it preserves bowel length. This study aims to identify differences in outcomes in children undergoing strictureplasty and resection for obstructive Crohn9s disease. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients under 20 years of age undergoing surgery between 1<sup>st</sup> January 2000 and 1<sup>st</sup> June 2009 were identified. Data was collected on procedures for stenotic Crohn9s disease, including previous procedures outside of the original inclusion dates. Therefore operations between 12 December 1996 and 16 February 2009 are represented. Patients were divided into 2 groups; Group 1 treated with strictureplasties and group 2 resections. Postoperative complications and recurrence rates were recorded. Recurrence was defined as the need for further surgical intervention and Kaplan Meir method was used to analyse the data. <h3>Results</h3> 26 patients and 40 operations were identified. Mean age was 15.57 years (7.2–19.4) with equal numbers of males and females. Mean follow-up was 67.44 months (10.5–156.6). 20/40 (50%) procedures involved the terminal ileum, 9/40 (22.5%) the ileo-colic junction, 8/40 (20%) the upper GI tract and 3/40 (7.5%) the colon. Mean length of stricture was 12.4 cm (5–30 cm). Group 1 consisted of 19 strictureplasties and Group 2 of 13 resections and 8 combined procedures. Significantly greater proportion of patients in group 1 required further surgery (11/19 (57.9%) versus 3/21 (14%) p=0.0086) <h3>Conclusion</h3> Allowing for variations in disease duration, severity and previous medical management these data suggest that resection is preferable to strictureplasty in treating obstructive Crohn9s disease in children and adolescents.
Fragrep: An Efficient Search Tool for Fragmented Patterns in Genomic Sequences
Authors: Axel Mosig, Katrin Sameith, Peter Stadler
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2006)

Abstract Many classes of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs; including Y RNAs, vault RNAs, RNase P RNAs, and MRP RNAs, as well as a novel class recently discovered in Dictyostelium discoideum) can be characterized by a pattern of short but well-conserved sequence elements that are separated by poorly conserved regions of sometimes highly variable lengths. Local alignment algorithms such as BLAST are therefore ill-suited for the discovery of new homologs of such ncRNAs in genomic sequences. The Fragrep tool instead implements an efficient algorithm for detecting the pattern fragments that occur in a given order. For each pattern fragment, the mismatch tolerance and bounds on the length of the intervening sequences can be specified separately. Furthermore, matches can be ranked by a statistically well-motivated scoring scheme.
TO BE A DOCTOR.
Authors: BAYARD HOLMES
Journal: JAMA (1896)

was very sick.Before, sending for the doctor he had his overseer to bleed him.When the doctor came he bled him again.Still there being no improvement a consulting physician was called.They bled him again.Being no better, they gave him tartar emetic and calomel.They also applied fly blisters to his throat.The medical treatment, has been the subject of much criticism.Edward Gibbon, the historian, had the largest hydrocele on record-as large as a bucket.Repeated oper- ations for relief exhausted him, and he died of a " fever" brought, on thereby at 57.Napoleon died of cancer of the stomach.Thomas Gray, author of " An Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" died at, 55.He wTas subject to hereditary gout, One day at dinner, he was taken suddenly and violently sick, with pain in the stomach, and died on the sixth day.William Collins, the poet, died at 36 of paresis or insanity, brought on by dissolute and intemperate habits
Disposition Index, Glucose Effectiveness, and Conversion to Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Carlos Lorenzo, Lynne E. Wagenknecht, Marian J. Rewers, Andrew J. Karter, Richard N. Bergman, Anthony J.G. Hanley, Steven M. Haffner
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE Disposition index (DI) and glucose effectiveness (SG) are risk factors for diabetes. However, the effect of DI and SG on future diabetes has not been examined in large epidemiological studies using direct measures. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Insulin sensitivity index (SI), acute insulin response (AIR), and SG were measured in 826 participants (aged 40–69 years) in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS) by the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. DI was expressed as SI × AIR. At the 5-year follow-up examination, 128 individuals (15.5%) had developed diabetes. RESULTS The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of a model with SI and AIR was similar to that of DI (0.767 vs. 0.774, P = 0.543). In a multivariate logistic regression model that included both DI and SG, conversion to diabetes was predicted by both SG (odds ratio × 1 SD, 0.61 [0.47–0.80]) and DI (0.68 [0.54–0.85]) after adjusting for demographic variables, fasting and 2-h glucose concentrations, family history of diabetes, and measures of obesity. Age, sex, race/ethnicity, glucose tolerance status, obesity, and family history of diabetes did not have a significant modifying impact on the relation of SG and DI to incident diabetes. CONCLUSIONS The predictive power of DI is comparable to that of its components, SI and AIR. SG and DI independently predict conversion to diabetes similarly across race/ethnic groups, varying states of glucose tolerance, family history of diabetes, and obesity.
Soluble Type II Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor Inhibits Established Murine Malignant Mesothelioma Tumor Growth by Augmenting Host Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Eiji Suzuki, Veena Kapoor, H.-Kam Cheung, Leona E. Ling, Peter A. DeLong, Larry R. Kaiser, Steven M. Albelda
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Purpose: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β blockade has been proposed as an anticancer therapy; however, understanding which tumor patients might benefit most from such therapy is crucial. An ideal target of such inhibitory therapy might be malignant mesothelioma (MM), a highly lethal, treatment-resistant malignancy of mesothelial cells of the pleura and peritoneum that produces large amounts of TGF-β. The purpose of this study was to explore the possible therapeutic utility of TGF-β blockade on MM. Experimental Design: To evaluate this hypothesis, we tested the effects of a soluble TGF-β type II receptor (sTGF-βR) that specifically inhibits TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 in three different murine MM tumor models, AB12 and AC29 (which produce large amounts of TGF-β) and AB1 (which does not produce TGF-β). Results: Tumor growth of both established AB12 and AC29 tumors was inhibited by sTGF-βR. In contrast, AB1 tumors showed little response to sTGF-βR. The mechanism of these antitumor effects was evaluated and determined to be primarily dependent on immune-mediated responses because (a) the antitumor effects were markedly diminished in severe combined immunodeficient mice or mice depleted of CD8+ T cells and (b) CD8+ T cells isolated from spleens of mice treated with sTGF-βR showed strong antitumor cytolytic effects, whereas CD8+ T cells isolated from spleens of tumor-bearing mice treated with of control IgG2a showed no antitumor cytolytic effects. Conclusions: Our data suggest that TGF-β blockade of established TGF-β-secreting MM should be explored as a promising strategy to treat patients with MM and other tumors that produce TGF-β.
Three-Year Follow-up after Unilateral Subretinal Delivery of Adeno-Associated Virus in Patients with Leber Congenital Amaurosis Type 2
Authors: Francesco Testa, Albert M. Maguire, Settimio Rossi, Eric A. Pierce, Paolo Melillo, Kathleen Marshall, Sandro Banfi, Enrico M. Surace, Junwei Sun, Carmela Acerra, J. Fraser Wright, Jennifer Wellman, Katherine A. High, Alberto Auricchio, Jean Bennett, Francesca Simonelli
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
Neutrophils responsive to endogenous IFN-β regulate tumor angiogenesis and growth in a mouse tumor model
Authors: Jadwiga Jablonska, Sara Leschner, Kathrin Westphal, Stefan Lienenklaus, Siegfried Weiss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Angiogenesis is a hallmark of malignant neoplasias, as the formation of new blood vessels is required for tumors to acquire oxygen and nutrients essential for their continued growth and metastasis. However, the signaling pathways leading to tumor vascularization are not fully understood. Here, using a transplantable mouse tumor model, we have demonstrated that endogenous IFN-beta inhibits tumor angiogenesis through repression of genes encoding proangiogenic and homing factors in tumor-infiltrating neutrophils. We determined that IFN-beta-deficient mice injected with B16F10 melanoma or MCA205 fibrosarcoma cells developed faster-growing tumors with better-developed blood vessels than did syngeneic control mice. These tumors displayed enhanced infiltration by CD11b+Gr1+ neutrophils expressing elevated levels of the genes encoding the proangiogenic factors VEGF and MMP9 and the homing receptor CXCR4. They also expressed higher levels of the transcription factors c-myc and STAT3, known regulators of VEGF, MMP9, and CXCR4. In vitro, treatment of these tumor-infiltrating neutrophils with low levels of IFN-beta restored expression of proangiogenic factors to control levels. Moreover, depletion of these neutrophils inhibited tumor growth in both control and IFN-beta-deficient mice. We therefore suggest that constitutively produced endogenous IFN-beta is an important mediator of innate tumor surveillance. Further, we believe our data help to explain the therapeutic effect of IFN treatment during the early stages of cancer development.
The Cloning and Clinical Implications of HGV and HGBV-C
Authors: Harvey J. Alter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

The cloning of the hepatitis C virus (HCV)1 established that important human pathogens, which could not be seen microscopically, grown in cell culture, or detected serologically, could nonetheless be discovered through the power of molecular amplification. Using similar methods, scientists have discovered the hepatitis E virus (HEV) and, most recently, have cloned the hepatitis G virus (HGV)2 and the GB agent (HGBV).3 First, I will try to clarify the nomenclature of what has become a complex alphabet soup of hepatitis agents. Hepatitis viruses A, B, C, D, and E are all well-characterized, molecularly defined agents with unequivocal disease associations. The . . .
Update: photoradiation therapy for cancer
Authors: Tom Hager
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Complete remissions of early stage human lung and bladder cancers have been obtained with an experimental form of therapy called photoradiation therapy (PRT). Researchers presenting the studies at the XIII International Cancer Conference in Seattle were enthusiastic about the treatment, entailing use of a photosensitizing agent activated by exposure to visible light. A dozen hospitals in the United States are already using this technique, and as many more are gearing up to do so. But some investigators caution that results are still preliminary and that the treatment seems applicable only to a limited number of patients. The key to the therapy is hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD), which "seems to have most of the qualities we want in a photosensitizing agent to treat cancer," according to Thomas J. Dougherty, PhD, of Roswell Park Memorial Institute in Buffalo, who has pioneered the development of the HpD system (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1979;242:403). Three days
The Various Presentations of Thyroiditis
Authors: JOEL I. HAMBURGER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

The syndromes of thyroiditis include five disorders. Hashimoto's thyroiditis, the commonest, is an autoimmune disease whose principal manifestations are goiter and hypothyroidism. Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis is probably viral in origin and usually presents with a tender goiter. Subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis is of unknown pathogenesis, but the postpartum form may be autoimmune. Its principal manifestations are goiter and spontaneously reversible hyperthyroidism. Acute suppurative thyroiditis results from bacterial or fungal infection causing abscess. Riedel's struma, a disease of unknown cause, presents with a goiter and thoracic inlet obstruction. Thyroiditis may require differentiation from other diseases. The goiter may resemble that of Graves' disease or thyroid lymphoma. Thyroid nodules may resemble neoplasms. Hyperthyroidism may suggest Graves' disease or other hyperthyroid syndromes with low radioactive iodine uptake. Neck pain can also occur with some thyroid malignancies. Local abscess is usually infectious but may be undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma. Finally, hypothyroidism may be transient or permanent.
Interstitial Keratitis as the Initial Expression of Syphilitic Reactivation
Authors: Rita Dinis da Gama, Manuela Cidade
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Figure 1. A 43-year-old woman had sudden visual loss in her left eye. Syphilis had been detected serologically four years before, but she did not complete a course of medical treatment. Examination revealed markedly diminished visual acuity in the left eye. Biomicroscopy showed deep corneal edema and folds on Descemet's membrane only in the left eye (Panel A). Funduscopy revealed no abnormalities. A Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test was negative, and a fluorescent treponemal IgM and IgG antibody absorption test was positive (++++), as was a test for Treponema pallidum hemagglutination (+++; titer, 1:640) and a test for antibodies against . . .
What Information are Urologists Extracting from Prostate Needle Biopsy Reports and What do They Need for Clinical Management of Prostate Cancer?
Authors: Aurélien Descazeaud, Mark A. Rubin, Yves Allory, Martin Burchardt, Laurent Salomon, Dominique Chopin, Claude Abbou, Alexandre de la Taille
Journal: European Urology (2005)
Returning to work after herniorrhaphy
Authors: D E Boyce, A A Shandall, D L Crosby
Journal: BMJ (1994)

prise, research into outcomes is still evolving; we believe that it will benefit from constructive criticism and debate on both sides of the Atlantic.Our external review of patient outcomes research teams in February 1993 led us to streamline the programme, moving more directly to hypothesis testing and telescoping the efforts to describe existing practice pattems and the state of the evidence.This new approach was reflected in a June 1993 research solicitation by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research that signals a programme more heavily focused on hypothesis testing.This change is in emphasis, not in concept, for there will always be a need to understand existing practice pattems and to develop outcomes measures before experimental studies can be designed and mounted.We are not choosing between randomised controlled trials and all other methods; rather we are encouraging the efficient application of the appropriate methods to identify critical hypotheses and then test them.
A Simple Cytological Test for Cancer Cure
Authors: E. Wachtel
Journal: BMJ (1958)

Two severe cases of tetanus in children are described.Large doses of chlorpromazine controlled the convul- sions satisfactorily.The drug was given by a con- tinuous intravenous infusion and was supplemented by small quantities of sodium amylobarbitone.Further relaxant or sedative agents were unnecessary.There were no serious toxic or sensitivity effects caused by chlorpromazine.Certain other points in the manage- ment of severe tetanus are discussed.We thank Dr. A. W. Morrow and Dr. K. S. Harrison, honor- ary physicians in charge of these patients, for their guidance and for permission to publish this paper.We thank our colleagues on the resident medical staff and the nursing staff of the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, in particular Sister W. Sanderson and Sister E