tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A perfect job
Authors: Paul Blenkiron
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Objective</h3> The combination of methotrexate (MTX) with infliximab can modify infliximab pharmacokinetics and lower the incidence of antibodies against infliximab (ATIs). We hypothesised that the pharmacokinetic interaction between MTX and infliximab is related to activation of MTX to immunosuppressive MTX polyglutamates (MTXPGs). <h3>Methods</h3> Adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving weekly MTX with infliximab for more than 3 months were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Blood was collected at trough before the infusion of infliximab. Red blood cell (RBC) MTXPGs were measured using liquid chromatography, and circulating levels of infliximab were measured using a cell-based assay. ATIs were measured using enzyme immunoassays. Statistical analyses consisted of multiple regression and Wilcoxon tests. <h3>Results</h3> In the 61 patients enrolled in the study, ATIs were detected in 11 (18%). Regression analyses revealed that lower infliximab levels (median 3.3 µg/ml) were associated with the presence of ATIs and lower RBC MTXPG levels (median 28 nmol/l) (p&lt;0.05). Logistic regression revealed that RBC MTXPG levels above 25 nmol/l were associated with a 4.7-fold lower likelihood of having ATIs (OR=4.7; 95% CI 1.1 to 20.8; p=0.02). None of the 12 patients with RBC MTXPG levels above 50 nmol/l tested positive for ATIs. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These hypothesis-generating data indicate that MTXPGs are associated with infliximab pharmacokinetics and ATI formation.
THE LEECH AS A POTENTIAL VIRUS RESERVOIR
Authors: Richard E. Shope
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

Leeches, fed on swine infected with hog cholera, contained virus for as long as 87 days after their infective blood meals. In three instances, infected leeches apparently transmitted hog cholera virus to susceptible swine in the process of normal feeding. Myxoma virus persisted in leeches for as long as 154 days after the ingestion of a blood meal from rabbits with myxomatosis. Leeches fed consecutively, first on swine with hog cholera, and later on rabbits with myxomatosis, acquired both viruses. In such dually infected leeches, the hog cholera virus persisted for as long as 122 days and the myxoma virus for as long as 110 days, the longest periods tested. Leeches fed consecutively, first on rabbits with myxomatosis, and later on swine with hog cholera, acquired only the myxoma virus. Hog cholera virus could not be demonstrated in such dually fed leeches. Myxoma and hog cholera viruses appeared to be present in about equivalent amounts in the anterior and posterior thirds of the bodies of infected leeches. Myxoma and hog cholera viruses were present in the bloody gut contents of infected leeches but were not demonstrable in the body tissues of these leeches. It seems from the findings presented that leeches are not biological carriers of either myxoma or hog cholera virus but instead carry these two agents mechanically in their gastrointestinal tracts. In doing this, they appear to protect the viruses from various deleterious chemical and physical influences to which they would have been exposed in the open. It is speculated that leeches could play a role in nature in perpetuating the blood-borne viruses of certain diseases in which close association with bodies of fresh water is of epidemiological importance.
Medicine in Seventeenth Century England
Authors: William Coleman
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Charles D. O'Malley has had the melancholic fate to create a symposium that has become his memorial. An eminent historian of Renaissance medicine, O'Malley planned the symposium whose proceedings constitute the volume under review. On hissudden death his friends, fortunately, conducted the awaited conference. They thereby give us not only a valuable comprehensive assessment of late Renaissance English medicine but fittingly recall the great achievement and stimulus that marked O'Malley's scholarly career.  Following a moving and highly personal prefatory appraisal, a model of its kind, of O'Malley as historian, the volume opens appropriately with a detailed statement of major tenets of 17th-century medical doctrine: that expressed in the Galenic system. The iatrochemism of the Paracelsians, a major challenge to Galenic orthodoxy, is then portrayed. This interplay of themes rightly instructs the reader that an understanding of the place of medicine in the scientific revolution, as is true of any innovation
A sessile colonic polyp showing striking morphological changes within a 2-month period
Authors: H. Nakamura, K. Fu, A. Parra-Blanco, A. Yamamura, Y. Oono, Y. Iriguchi, J. Matumoto, Y. Kaji, T. Ishikawa
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

A 67-year-old man underwent total colonoscopy because he had had a positive fecal occult blood test. Colonoscopy showed a sessile polyp, 10 mm in diameter, in the sigmoid colon ([Fig. 1]). Six weeks later, he was scheduled for hospitalization to undergo endoscopic resection of this polyp. At this second colonoscopy the polyp was seen to have developed a morphologically unique “polyp on polyp” appearance ([Fig. 2]). Because invasive cancer was suspected on the basis of the endoscopic appearances, the endoscopic removal was discontinued and surgical resection was recommended. Nine weeks after the initial colonoscopy the patient underwent a third colonoscopy for endoscopic tattooing before surgery. Surprisingly, the polyp had transformed into a nonpolypoid lesion with a type V pit pattern ([Fig. 3]). Laparoscopy-assisted colectomy was performed, and on histological examination the resected specimen revealed a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma without an adenomatous component, that extended deeply into the submucosal layer with vessel invasion and lymph node metastasis ([Fig. 4]).
Heat-shock protein 90 inhibition in autoimmunity to type VII collagen: evidence that nonmalignant plasma cells are not therapeutic targets
Authors: Michael Kasperkiewicz, Ralf Müller, Rudolf Manz, Moritz Magens, Christoph M. Hammers, Csaba Somlai, Jürgen Westermann, Enno Schmidt, Detlef Zillikens, Ralf J. Ludwig, Antal Orosz
Journal: Blood (2011)
Light-induced protoporphyrin release from erythrocytes in erythropoietic protoporphyria.
Authors: S Sandberg, A Brun
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

The photohemolysis of normal erythrocytes incubated with protoporphyrin is reduced in the presence of albumin. When globin is added to normal erythrocytes loaded with protoporphyrin, protoporphyrin is bound to globin. During irradiation protoporphyrin moves from globin to the erythrocyte membrane and photohemolysis is initiated. Erythrocytes in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria contain large amounts of protoporphyrin bound to hemoglobin. Upon irradiation of these cells in the absence of albumin, 40% of protoporphyrin and 80% of hemoglobin is released after 240 kJ/m2. The released protoporphyrin is hemoglobin bound. In contrast, when albumin is present only 8% of hemoglobin is released whereas protoporphyrin is released to 76%. The released protoporphyrin is albumin bound. A hypothesis for the release of erythrocyte protoporphyrin in erythropoietic protoporphyria without simultaneous hemolysis is proposed. Upon irradiation protoporphyrin photodamages its binding sites on hemoglobin, moves through the plasma membrane, and is bound to albumin in plasma.
Equipment for the Disabled
Authors: C. J. Goodwill
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

S40 Book reviews ligaments and degenerative and inflammatory arthritidesThe book on the Disabled Child is equally good, includ- suggest that the procedure is less valuable in these con-ing discussion of furniture and beds for small or large ditions than other means of examination.Nonetheless the children.The list of trolleys and go-carts to aid a young enthusiastic approach of an expert is clearly evident and child's mobility is particularly notable and is not avail- makes enjoyable reading.able anywhere else; the child's safety in a car is covered In the main the text is easy to read and the format of and the problems of wheelchair prescription for a child the book is excellent for quick reference.For anyone are detailed.More emphasis should have been given in who wishes to develop the technique of knee arthro-that section to the child being assessed by staff used to graphy this book will prove invaluable.the needs of a disabled child; the difficulties of wheelchair
Novel variants of human papillomavirus type 2 in warts from immunocompromised individuals
Authors: C.A.B. WILSON, S.C. HOLMES, M.S. CAMPO, S.I. WHITE, D. TILLMAN, R.M. MACKIE, J. THOMSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Twenty cutaneous warts from 18 renal transplant recipients (RTR) and a single wart sample from a patient suffering from Hodgkin's disease were screened for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) sequences by Southern blot analysis. Thirteen samples were shown to contain HPV DNA sequences, one was identified as HPV‐3, two as HPV‐4, six as HPV‐2 and four were unidentifiable by restriction digest analysis. HPV‐3 was identified in the wart sample from the patient suffering from Hodgkin's disease. In the six samples in which HPV‐2 was found, the viral genome showed polymorphism for the PvuII and PstI sites. Two PvuII patterns and one PstI pattern are novel.
Influence of grass pollen immunotherapy on cellular infiltration and cytokine mRNA expression during allergen-induced late-phase cutaneous responses.
Authors: V A Varney, Q A Hamid, M Gaga, S Ying, M Jacobson, A J Frew, A B Kay, S R Durham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

We have studied the influence of grass pollen immunotherapy on cellular infiltration and cytokine mRNA expression during allergen-induced late-phase cutaneous responses. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of immunotherapy in 40 adult hay fever sufferers, clinical improvement was accompanied by a decrease in the size of the late-phase skin response. When the immunotherapy-treated group was compared with the placebo group, analysis of skin biopsies obtained 24 h after intradermal allergen revealed a significant reduction in the number of infiltrating CD3+ (P = 0.04) and CD4+ (P = 0.009) cells and a trend for a decrease in EG2+ eosinophils (P = 0.08). Treatment did not influence allergen-induced recruitment of CD8+ cells, neutrophils, or macrophages. Unexpected increases in expression of CD25 (P = 0.006) and HLA-DR (P = 0.007) were observed in the actively treated group. In situ hybridization using a panel of riboprobes demonstrated "TH2-type" (IL-4, IL-5) cytokine mRNA responses in both groups of patients. In contrast, significant hybridization for IL-2 (8/16 patients, P = 0.02) and for interferon-gamma (6/16 patients, P = 0.04) was observed only in the actively treated group. These findings indicate that immunotherapy is associated with suppression of allergen-induced CD4+ T lymphocyte infiltration, but among the cells that are recruited, there is upregulation of CD25 and HLA-DR. At least in this model, immunotherapy does not appear to affect expression of TH2-pattern cytokines in response to allergen exposure, but expression of mRNA for Th1-type cytokines was enhanced in half of the patients. The results support the view that immunotherapy may possibly be working through induction of T cell tolerance.
Letter: Venous gangrene in multiple myeloma.
Authors: A N Chatterji, G H Apthorp
Journal: BMJ (1975)

aged 24-50) were then visited without prior waring and their height and weight -easured.Their report heights and weights were on average 05 in (12-7 n) above and 6-1 lb (3'13 kg) below their actual measurements.As in Ashwell and Etchell's paper, overweight was assessed using the Metrpolitan Life Insurance Company tables.2For 90% of the women the reported measurements indicated a lower degree of overwetght than the actual measurements, the difference being roughly proportional to the degree of overweight.As well as broadly dassifying body size as either "overweight," "saitable," or "underweight" Ashwell and Etchell define categories of over-and underweight.In- dividuals 30%, 20%, and 10% above ideal weight were classed as severely, moderately, and mildly overweight respectively, with corresonding groupings for underweight.UJing these categories 15 of the 40 women in our study were classified in a lower category on reported ithan on actual meaurements.Four of these changes were fron the broad classification "overweight" to that of "suitable weight"Our data indicate that reported height and weight should be treated with great caution, as there appears to be systematic underestimation of body size.It may well be that this underestimation of body size as assessed from reported data reflects aware- ness of overweight status.We would sug- gest that any fturther studies on perception of overweight should obtain information on reported as well as actual height and weight and also perceived weight status.-Weare, etc.,
Mucopolysaccharides of the aortic wall in coarctation and recoarctation
Authors: C. L. Berry, R. L. Tawes
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1970)

Journal Article Mucopolysaccharides of the aortic wall in coarctation and recoarctation Get access Colin L. Berry, Colin L. Berry 2 From the Thoracic Unit and Department of Morbid Anatomy, The Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London 2 Gillson Scholar of the Worshipful Society of Apothecaries of London. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Roy L. Tawes, Jr. Roy L. Tawes, Jr. From the Thoracic Unit and Department of Morbid Anatomy, The Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 4, Issue 2, April 1970, Pages 224–227, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/4.2.224 Published: 01 April 1970 Article history Accepted: 18 June 1969 Published: 01 April 1970
Eisenmenger Syndrome: An Unusual Example
Authors: M. Steier
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Eisenmenger syndrome is well defined by Wood<sup>1</sup>as are the characteristic clinical findings of pulmonary hypertension with rightto-left shunt.<sup>2</sup>This communication reports a case with minimal auscultatory and normal electrocardiographic findings. Normal electrocardiographic findings in a patient were first reported by Schrire,<sup>3</sup>but his patient had other characteristic findings of the syndrome. A 32-year-old Puerto Rican man, with known congenital heart disease, reported mild to moderate exercise limitation, but otherwise was symptom-free. He was employed and worked regularly. On physical examination, there was no obvious evidence of cyanosis or clubbing. The heart was not enlarged and not hyperactive. No significant murmurs were audible. Second heart sound was of normal intensity and split normally. No diastolic murmur was audible. The lungs were clear; the liver and spleen were normal in size. The pulses were normal. The electrocardiogram was within normal limits, yet radiologic examination showed a
Abstract 2591: Differential oncolysis by vesicular stomatitis virus in prostate cancers arising in transgenic mice
Authors: Maryam Moussavi, Ladan Fazli, Howard Tearle, Michael E. Cox, John C. Bell, Christopher Ong, William Jia, Paul S. Rennie
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer related mortality in North American men. Survival prospects for patients with locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer are low and the side effects associated with current therapies seriously compromise quality of life in PCa patients. Oncolytic viral therapy provides an opportunity to efficiently target and kill primary and metastatic cancer cells while sparing normal cells. Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) is an oncolytic virus which can infect and kill cells that have defects in their cellular anti-viral immunity such as the interferon (IFN) response pathway. In this study VSV (AV3) strain with enhanced IFN sensitivity was injected intra-prostatically into two different transgenic mouse models (prostate specific PTEN null mice and transgenic adenocarcinoma mice [TRAMP]) and monitored for tissue bioluminescence over 96 h. While the virus readily dispersed throughout the body of each group after only 3 h, it persisted &amp;gt;72 h in prostates of tumor bearing mice compared to low levels ∼48 h in control mice. Plaque assay provided a similar pattern, with much higher concentrations of replicating virus in tumor bearing transgenic mice than in control. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) analysis of paraffin embedded tissues demonstrated that VSV(AV3) is capable of selectively infecting and killing malignant prostate cells while sparing normal cells, specifically at the 48h time point. This cell death is due to disrupted IFN response in the PTEN null prostates. Moreover, &amp;gt; 60 % of TRAMP mice treated with VSV(AV3) did not present any metastasis while approximately 70% of TRAMP mice treated with inactivated virus presented metastatic lesions either in lymph nodes or lungs. In summary, our data demonstrates that VSV(AV3) may be used as a potential oncolytic viral therapy to target prostate cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2591.
Government uses threat of flu pandemic to propose change to mental health act
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The government plans to make it easier for doctors to detain and forcibly treat people with suspected mental health problems under emergency measures, prompted by fears of a shortage of medical staff during an influenza pandemic.

Publishing its response to the 2009 consultation on proposed changes to the 1983 Mental Health Act on 29 July, the Department of Health for England confirmed that during a pandemic a single doctor, rather than the usual two, would be able to place individuals in mental institutions and authorise them to receive drugs without consent.

The health department launched the consultation two years ago after concerns about severe staff shortages that may arise in a swine flu pandemic, which officials estimated at the time could affect up to a quarter of …
Invasive Cervical Cancer and Smoking in Latin America
Authors: R. Herrero, L. A. Brinton, W. C. Reeves, M. M. Brenes, F. Tenorio, R. C. de Britton, E. Gaitan, M. Garcia, W. E. Rawls
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

A case-control study of 667 patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and 1,430 controls from four Latin American countries showed an age-adjusted relative risk (RR) of 1.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0–1.4] for women who had ever smoked, with risk rising to 1.7 (95% CI, 0.8–3.6) for women who smoked ≥ 30 cigarettes per day. The associations were practically eliminated after adjustment for the number of sexual partners and alcohol consumption, probably a surrogate for an unidentified life-style risk factor. Some excess risk persisted among women who smoked for extended periods (RR = 1.5 for ≥40 yr), as well as those who began smoking at older ages (RR = 1.7 for> 30 yr), which suggests a late-stage effect. In addition, among women who tested positive for human papillomavims (HPV) type 16 or 18 by filter in situ hybridization, there was an increased risk for women who had ever smoked and a dose-response relationship with the number of cigarettes smoked (adjusted RRs compared with HPV-negative non-smokers = 5.0 for HPV-positive nonsmokers, 5.5 for <10 cigarettes/day, and 8.4 for ≥ 10 cigarettes/day). In contrast, HPV-negative women had no increased risk associated with smoking. These results, from a high-incidence area where intensive smoking among women is still relatively rare, suggest that smoking has a limited effect on cervical cancer risk, possibly only among women with specific types of HPV. [J Natl Cancer Inst 1989;81:205–211]
THE EFFECT OF VAGUS SECTION UPON ANAPHYLAXIS IN GUINEA PIGS
Authors: John Auer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1910)

Depriving the bronchial muscles of one side of the lungs of their motor innervation does not interfere with sensitization nor the production of the typical anaphylactic lung. There is, therefore, direct sensitization of the muscle substance. Complete degeneration of the vagus nerve, after sensitization has occurred, interferes in no appreciable way with the course of immediate anaphylaxis. Partial degeneration of the vagus nerve, so that the bronchodilator fibers are still physiologically active, after sensitization has taken place, exerts no effect on the symptoms and lung picture of immediate anaphylaxis (very acute anaphylaxis with death after some minutes). No definite evidence was obtained regarding the function of the motor nerve endings in the bronchial muscles in anaphylaxis. The two sides of the lungs in immediate anaphylaxis may occasionally be unequal; when this occurs, the left side, especially the lower lobe, is usually fuller than the right side.
The Endoscopic Training Triangle: Advancing from Focus on Skills to Competence-Based Training
Authors: S. Adamsen
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

The development of, research into, and implementation of learning strategies in medicine have evolved almost in parallel with the technological development of modern gastrointestinal endoscopy in recent decades. With the increasing numbers of accessories and procedural options available, the main focus has obviously been on manual skills in handling endoscopes and on conducting procedures safely and effectively.
Canadian Medical Association launches online health consultations
Authors: Barbara Kermode-Scott
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The Canadian Medical Association has launched a health portal with a direct and secure link for patients to share the data they input with their doctor in online consultations.

The portal uses secure messaging, an application that offers a private channel of communication between doctors and patients, as a safer alternative to email. Patients and doctors can communicate online about matters such as monitoring chronic disease, follow-ups after appointments, and prescription renewals.

The www.mydoctor.ca health portal is Canada’s first doctor …