tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aluminium bone disease in patients receiving plasma exchange with contaminated albumin.
Authors: D Maharaj, G S Fell, B F Boyce, J P Ng, G D Smith, J M Boulton-Jones, R L Cumming, J F Davidson
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Aluminium balance studies were carried out on eight patients with various immunological disorders who were receiving plasma exchange with albumin solutions known to be contaminated with aluminium. Four patients with impaired renal function (creatinine clearance less than 50 ml/min) retained between 60% and 74% of the aluminium infused during a single plasma exchange. Transiliac bone biopsy specimens from three patients in this group had a high content of aluminium and showed histological evidence of current or previous bone disease related to aluminium. Two of these patients suffered intermittent bone pain. The main route of excretion of injected aluminium was in urine, only a small proportion of the total input being removed in the "plasma bag" during plasma exchange. The extent of aluminium retention and bone deposition was not reflected by the plasma aluminium concentration before or after plasma exchange. Treatment of five patients with intravenous desferrioxamine increased the plasma aluminium concentration and urinary output of aluminium in those with evidence of aluminium retention. These studies show that patients with poor renal function receiving treatment with albumin contaminated with aluminium retain the metal and deposit it in bone, where it may eventually cause aluminium bone disease. Plasma exchange should be used with caution in patients with renal impairment.
THE USES OF REMEDIES IN DISEASES OF THE HEART AND BLOOD-VESSELS.
Authors: T. LAUDER BRUNTON
Journal: JAMA (1898)

It is obvious that the scope of my paper is so large that if I were to deal with it fully I would require to write a text-book, so that I can not do more in the time at my disposal than simply enter upon a few of the most important points. I have, therefore, thought it advisable, instead of entering into the details which are usually to be found in ordinary handbooks on the practice of medicine or in special books on cardiac disease, to take up a few points which I regard as the most important and try, if possible, to bring out clearly the general principles of treatment in diseases of the heart and vessels. It is curious to think that the heart which is beating in the bosom of every one began to beat a considerable while before the body had assumed a human shape, and
alpha 1-Antitrypsin and coeliac disease in spain.
Authors: E C Klasen, I Polanco, I Biemond, C Vazquez, A S Pena
Journal: Gut (1980)

Ninety-three Spanish children suffering from coeliac disease and 103 control subjects from the same area were screened for the amount of alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) and for any electrophoretic variations in it. In this case-control study no significant differences were detected either in phenotype distribution or amount. The present results indicate that no genetic association exists between alpha 1AT and coeliac disease.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea–Hypopnea and Related Clinical Features in a Population-based Sample of Subjects Aged 30 to 70 Yr
Authors: JOAQUIN DURÁN, SANTIAGO ESNAOLA, RAMÓN RUBIO, ÁNGELES IZTUETA
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

The prevalence and related clinical features of obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea (OSAH) in the general population were estimated in a two-phase cross-sectional study. The first phase, completed by 2,148 subjects (76.9%), included a home survey, blood pressure, and a portable respiratory recording, whereas in the second, subjects with suspected OSAH (n = 442) and a subgroup of those with normal results (n = 305) were invited to undergo polysomnography (555 accepted). Habitual snoring was found in 35% of the population and breathing pauses in 6%. Both features occurred more frequently in men, showed a trend to increase with age, and were significantly associated with OSAH. Daytime hypersomnolence occurred in 18% of the subjects and was not associated with OSAH. An apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) ⩾ 10 was found in 19% of men and 15% of women. The prevalence of OSAH (AHI ⩾ 5) increased with age in both sexes, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.2 for each 10-yr increase. AHI was associated with hypertension after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, neck circumference, alcohol use, and smoking habit. This study adds evidence for a link between OSAH and hypertension.
Tumor Heterogeneity and Personalized Medicine
Authors: Dan L. Longo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

In the past 10 years, the number of tools available to treat cancer has increased, as has our understanding of what makes some cancers tick. The standard old-time cancer treatments were largely predicated on attacking DNA, an approach fueled by the belief that tumor cells divide more rapidly than normal cells. However, with the notable exception of Burkitt's lymphoma, only a small percentage of tumor cells in a patient are dividing at any given time. As we have learned more about DNA repair mechanisms and epigenetic alterations in cancers, DNA remains a viable target for new cancer therapies, but DNA . . .
Protein-bound homocyst(e)ine. A possible risk factor for coronary artery disease.
Authors: S S Kang, P W Wong, H Y Cook, M Norusis, J V Messer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

The development of atherosclerotic changes and thromboembolism are common features in homocystinurics. Hence, we postulate a positive correlation between the level of homocyst(e)ine in the blood and the occurrence of coronary artery disease. Homocysteine is found either as free homocystine, cysteine-homocysteine mixed disulfide, or protein-bound homocyst(e)ine. In nonhomocystinuric subjects, most homocysteine molecules are detectable in the protein-bound form. Thus, protein-bound homocyst(e)ine in stored plasma which reflected total plasma homocyst(e)ine was determined in 241 patients with coronary artery disease (173 males and 68 females). The mean +/- SD total plasma homocyst(e)ine was 5.41 +/- 1.62 nmol/ml in male patients, 4.37 +/- 1.09 nmol/ml in male controls, 5.66 +/- 1.93 nmol/ml in female patients, and 4.16 +/- 1.62 nmol/ml in female controls. The differences between the patients with coronary artery disease and the controls were statistically significant (P less than 0.0005).
726-1 Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Myocardium of Acute Myocarditis – A Serial Cardiac Biopsy Study
Authors: Michiaki Hiroe, Shigeru Ishiyama, Toshio Nishikawa, Takashi Shimojo, Hiroshi Ito, Takeshi Kasajima, Fumiaki Marumo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
A Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial on the Additional Effect of Hypnosis in a Comprehensive Treatment Programme for In-Patients with Conversion Disorder of the Motor Type
Authors: Franny C. Moene, Philip Spinhoven, Kees A.L. Hoogduin, Richard van Dyck
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2002)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; The primary aim of this study was threefold: (1) to examine the additional effects of hypnosis aimed at symptom reduction, using symptom-oriented and expression- and insight-oriented techniques in a comprehensive clinical treatment programme for in-patients with a persistent conversion disorder of the motor type; (2) to assess whether the level of hypnotisability was predictive of treatment outcome, and (3) to explore the efficacy of the total clinical treatment programme. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; The study population consisted of 45 in-patients between 18 and 65 years of age meeting the DSM-III-R criteria for conversion disorder of the motor type or somatisation disorder with motor conversion symptoms. A randomised controlled clinical trial was undertaken. The primary outcome measures were the Video Rating Scale for Motor Conversion Symptoms, the D(isabilities) code items from the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps and the Symptom Checklist-90. Measures of the credibility of treatment and patient expectations of treatment outcome were used as manipulation checks. Hypnotisability was measured using the Stanford Hypnotic Clinical Scale. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Significant treatment results for all outcome measures were found for the total sample. These effects proved to be clinically significant. The use of hypnosis had no additional effect on treatment outcome. Hypnotisability was not predictive of treatment outcome. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; A comprehensive treatment programme, either with or without hypnosis, can be worthwhile for patients with long-standing conversion symptoms.
Determinants of Hospital Charges and Length of Stay for Ocular Trauma
Authors: James M. Tielsch, Leonard M. Parver
Journal: Ophthalmology (1990)

Ocular trauma is an important cause of blindness and visual impairment in the United States. This study examined the economic effect of ocular trauma by evaluating hospital length of stay and charges for 4406 discharges from Maryland hospitals from 1979 to 1986. Length of stay declined on average 6.1 % per year during this period. Length of stay was positively associated with age which could not be accounted for by the severity of the trauma or the presence of secondary trauma diagnoses. Other factors associated with length of stay included race, principal diagnosis, secondary trauma, and characteristics of the hospital. National projections estimate greater than 227,000 hospital days and $175 to $200 million in hospital charges alone are due to ocular injuries every year.
Politically Correct Human Embryonic Stem Cells?
Authors: Davor Solter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Human embryonic stem cells are currently viewed as a very promising basis for regenerative medicine of the future. However, to be eligible for federal funding in the United States, researchers must work with federally approved human embryonic stem-cell lines — that is, the few lines derived before August 2001. There is a concerted effort and hope among scientists and legislators that federal funding could be extended to cover as yet nonexistent embryonic stem-cell lines if such lines could be derived without destroying a viable human embryo. The authors of two recent studies1,2 have suggested that such lines can be . . .
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy to Target Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Saad Sirop Kenderian, Marco Ruella, Saar Gill, Michael Kalos
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Several decades of humoral immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies and cellular immunotherapy using hematopoietic cell transplantation have recently culminated in a successful merger: the development and clinical application of genetically engineered antibody-T cell chimeras. Also known as chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR T cells), these entities combine the exquisite antigen specificity of antibodies with the polyfunctionality and potency of cellular immunity and are a prime example of the potential for synthetic biology to treat disease. CAR T cells overcome several of the biologic obstacles that have historically hampered immunotherapy while providing fundamental mechanistic insights into cellular immunology and revealing new challenges in genetic engineering and target selection. Results from early-phase CAR T-cell-based clinical trials demonstrate the significant potential for this approach to affect dramatic and complete clinical responses while revealing novel toxicities associated with activation of potent and specific antitumor immunity.
Pfizer Australia is fined for misleading promotion of celecoxib
Authors: Bob Burton
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Pfizer Australia has been fined for breaching the drug industry's own marketing code of conduct over a letter it sent to health professionals defending the safety of celecoxib (Celebrex) after the recall of rofecoxib (Vioxx) last year.

In a letter that Pfizer sent out in October the company said that “the cardiovascular safety profile of Celebrex has been extensively studied” and that “the data do not indicate significant cardiovascular safety concerns with Celebrex.” Pfizer wrote of the study on the long term safety of celecoxib in arthritis that “there was no increase in serious cardiovascular thromboembolic events in patients on Celebrex who were or …
Huntingtin-Interacting Protein HIP14 Is a Palmitoyl Transferase Involved in Palmitoylation and Trafficking of Multiple Neuronal Proteins
Authors: Kun Huang, Anat Yanai, Rujun Kang, Pamela Arstikaitis, Roshni R. Singaraja, Martina Metzler, Asher Mullard, Brendan Haigh, Catherine Gauthier-Campbell, Claire-Anne Gutekunst, Michael R. Hayden, Alaa El-Husseini
Journal: Neuron (2004)
Controlled trial of medical treatment of active chronic otitis media.
Authors: G G Browning, G L Picozzi, I T Calder, G Sweeney
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Controlled trial of medical treatment of active chronic otitis mediaActive chronic otitis media is a common condition affecting 0 6%,' of adults in the United Kingdom.Initial management is usually by general practitioners, who annually prescribe systemic and topical antibiotics on at least 178 000 and 73 000 occasions respectively (unpublished observations).Despite this there have been few studies of the efficacy of antibiotics,'-4 and no study has included a control group of untreated patients or of patients treated solely by aural toilet.We undertook a controlled study comparing appropriate systemic or topical antibiotic treatment with weekly aural toilet and insufflation of boric acid and iodine powder.
Imaging Cortical Damage and Dysfunction in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Massimo Filippi, Maria A. Rocca, Mark A. Horsfield, Simon Hametner, Jeroen J. G. Geurts, Giancarlo Comi, Hans Lassmann
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

In line with pathological investigations, in vivo magnetic resonance imaging has consistently shown both focal and diffuse damage in the cerebral cortex of patients with multiple sclerosis. Cortical injury tends to progress over time and is only partially related to white matter abnormalities. This review summarizes the main findings from studies using both conventional and modern quantitative magnetic resonance-based techniques for the assessment of cortical damage and dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Extending climato-economic theory: When, how, and why it explains differences in nations' creativity
Authors: Maciej Karwowski, Izabela Lebuda
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract The climato-economic theory postulates mechanisms of threat and challenge to explain differences between countries. Interestingly, both of these mechanisms are often considered to be components of the models of organizational climate for creativity. We show that among rich countries, climatic demands are related to creative achievement in a reversed-U manner, whereas the relationship is linear among poor countries.
NARRATION
Authors: Hugh A. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1967)

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Abstract IA22: Causes and consequences of cancer-associated thrombocytosis
Authors: Anil K. Sood, Rebecca L. Stone, Vahid Afshar-Kharghan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Platelets represent one of the largest storage pools of angiogenic and oncogenic growth factors in the human body. The observation that thrombocytosis (platelet count &amp;gt;450,000/μL) occurs in patients with solid malignancies was made over 100 years ago. However, mechanisms of paraneoplastic thrombocytosis and the role that platelets play in abetting cancer growth are unclear. We have used clinical data coupled with sophisticated mouse models to identify the mechanisms and biological implications of paraneoplastic thrombocytosis. Thrombocytosis was significantly associated with advanced disease and shortened survival. Plasma levels of thrombopoietin and interleukin-6 were significantly elevated in patients who had thrombocytosis as compared with those who did not. In mouse models, increased hepatic thrombopoietin synthesis in response to tumor-derived interleukin-6 was an underlying mechanism of paraneoplastic thrombocytosis. Tumor-derived interleukin-6 and hepatic thrombopoietin were also linked to thrombocytosis in patients. Silencing thrombopoietin and interleukin-6 abrogated thrombocytosis in tumor-bearing mice. Anti–interleukin-6 antibody treatment significantly reduced platelet counts in tumor-bearing mice and in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. In addition, neutralizing interleukin-6 significantly enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel in mouse models of epithelial ovarian cancer. The use of an antiplatelet antibody to halve platelet counts in tumor-bearing mice significantly reduced tumor growth and angiogenesis. Biologically, platelets were detected within the tumor microenvironment and affected tumor growth and response to chemotherapeutic agents. These findings support the existence of a paracrine circuit wherein increased production of thrombopoietic cytokines in tumor and host tissue leads to paraneoplastic thrombocytosis, which fuels tumor growth. Blocking the stimulatory effects of platelets may have implications for new therapeutic approaches. Citation Format: Anil K. Sood, Rebecca L. Stone, Vahid Afshar-Kharghan. Causes and consequences of cancer-associated thrombocytosis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr IA22.
Abstract LB-12: EphA2 as a diagnostic imaging target in glioblastoma: A PET/MRI study
Authors: Simon Puttick, Brett W. Stringer, Bryan W. Day, Karine Mardon, Gary J. Cowin, Michael Fay, Kristofer J. Thurecht, Andrew K. Whittaker, Andrew W. Boyd, Stephen Rose
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Neuroimaging has evolved from being a purely anatomical tool to a discipline that can offer anatomical, functional, hemodynamic, metabolic and molecular information. From the perspective of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the use of neuroimaging techniques is an essential stage in diagnosis and classification of the tumour and to assess patient response following treatment.[1] The Eph receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and their Eph-interacting ligands (ephrins) are the largest family of RTKs consisting of 16 Eph receptors and 9 ephrin ligands.[2] From the discovery of the first Eph RTK evidence has been presented to implicate the Eph family in tumour development and progression, a body of work which continues to grow. The complex bidirectional signaling mechanisms between Eph RTKs and ephrin ligands have been shown to influence cell morphology, adhesion, migration, invasion, cell proliferation and survival.[2-4] Recently, many studies have linked Eph and ephrin expression levels with tumour progression and metastatic spread and, as a consequence, patient survival. In the specific case of EphA2, an increasing number of studies have shown a correlation between EphA2 overexpression and poor patient prognosis.[5,6] As such, EphA2 represents an attractive target for highly specific PET imaging using a labeled monoclonal antibody (mAb). In this study we present simultaneous PET/MRI of a 64Cu labeled mAb specific to the human form of EphA2. We show efficient targeting of the tumour in three intracranial mouse models of GBM. In addition, we show that non-specific binding can be significantly reduced by blocking removal of the mAb from the blood pool via Fc receptor binding. In all cases we compare the ability of the mAb to delineate tumour boundaries with the current clinical imaging techniques of 18F-FDOPA PET imaging and gadolinium (Gd) contrast enhanced MRI. [1] Henson, J. W.; Gonzalez, R. G. Expert review of neurotherapeutics 2004, 4. [2] Pasquale, E. B. Nature Reviews Cancer 2010, 10, 165. [3] Pasquale, E. B. Cell 2008, 133, 38. [4] Pasquale, E. B. Nat Rev Mol Cell Bio 2005, 6, 462. [5] Lackmann, M.; Boyd, A. W. Science Signaling 2008, 1. [6] Zhuang, G. L. et al. Cancer Res 2010, 70, 299. Citation Format: Simon Puttick, Brett W. Stringer, Bryan W. Day, Karine Mardon, Gary J. Cowin, Michael Fay, Kristofer J. Thurecht, Andrew K. Whittaker, Andrew W. Boyd, Stephen Rose. EphA2 as a diagnostic imaging target in glioblastoma: A PET/MRI study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-12. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-12
Linking performance to Medicare payments is unlikely to improve care, report says
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Adjusting Medicare payments based on geographic differences in performance as some US lawmakers have proposed would not improve healthcare, says a report from the US Institute of Medicine (IOM).1

The report was prepared in response to a provision of the 2010 Affordable Care Act that mandated that the institute assess whether adopting a “geographic value index” for Medicare payments would save money without harming the quality of care.

Such an index would use quality and cost data for regions to set Medicare payment rates that would encourage providers in regions where costs are higher and quality lower to match the performance of providers in regions where quality is higher …