tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Requisites in Gastroenterology. Volume 1: Esophagus and Stomach
Authors: Andrew G. Plaut
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Medical Writings: Book Notes17 February 2004The Requisites in Gastroenterology. Volume 1: Esophagus and StomachAndrew G. Plaut, MDAndrew G. Plaut, MDFrom Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-140-4-200402170-00034 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Katzka DA, Metz DC, and Rustgi AD, eds. 205 pages. Philadelphia: Mosby; 2003. $89.95. ISBN 0323018866. Order phone 800-325-4177.Field of medicine: Gastroenterology.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: This is volume 1 of a 4-volume series, which also includes books on the small and large intestine, the hepatobiliary tract and pancreas, and endoscopy and gastrointestinal radiology. The book's target audience is “medical students, residents, gastrointestinal fellows, allied health professionals … and physicians … who require overviews for certifying examinations.”Purpose: To provide algorithms and tables that allow physicians to generate useful differential diagnoses and management plans and to provide access to ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 17 February 2004Volume 140, Issue 4Page: 316KeywordsEsophagusGastroenterology and hepatologyGastroesophageal reflux diseaseLarge intestineLymphomaPancreasPeptic ulcersSoftware toolsStomachSurgery ePublished: 17 February 2004 Issue Published: 17 February 2004 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Contraceptive Care: Meeting Individual Needs
Authors: J Guillebaud
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Ed Heather Montford, Ruth Skrine Champman and Hall £ 24.95, pp 232 ISBN 0 412 47050 0

Everyone whose work includes either contraception or psychosexual medicine should read this multiauthor text, with its illuminating case studies.

“Why are doctors so afraid to bring up the topic of sex with their patients when discussing contraception?” the book asks. Often they are not themselves comfortable with sexual matters. Others fail to detect and manage the covert presentations, hidden agendas, and “calling cards.” Empathy is required, “defined as putting oneself imaginatively into someone else's position and experiencing the feelings which doing so arouses.”

The authors teach us to use our feelings of …
Assessment of proteinuria in pregnancy
Authors: Lucy C Chappell, Andrew H Shennan
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Urinary spot protein:creatinine ratio can reliably rule out proteinuria in pregnancy

Pre-eclampsia is a global problem—it affects 2-8% of pregnancies, and an estimated 8.3 million women develop the disease each year. For developing countries, the priority is preventing maternal deaths from multiorgan complications of the disease. The difference in case fatality rates from eclampsia between developing countries and developed countries (5.2% v 0.72%) suggests that mortality is easily avoidable.1 In developed countries where death is rarer, research is directed towards improving prediction and prevention of pre-eclampsia and minimising morbidity. Accurate diagnosis is needed to accomplish this. In the accompanying systematic review, Cote and colleagues assess urinary spot protein:creatinine and albumin:creatinine ratios as diagnostic tests for significant proteinuria in women with hypertension in pregnancy.2 

Pre-eclampsia is a multiorgan syndrome, the clinical characteristics of which may include kidney, liver, and cerebral damage, an altered coagulant state, and fetal growth restriction.3 It is defined by two imperfect measures of end organ involvement—hypertension and proteinuria.4 Early blood markers of the disease can now be identified many weeks before these clinical manifestations,5 but antenatal diagnosis still relies on measuring blood pressure and urine …
Penetration of the subarachnoid space by fetal scalp electrode.
Authors: D S Sharp, J M Couriel
Journal: BMJ (1985)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Venous thrombosis and thrombocytopenia after vaccination with the adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine ChAdOx1 nCov-19 (AstraZeneca) have been linked to serum antibodies against platelet factor 4 (PF4)-polyanion complexes. We here report vaccine-induced isolated carotid arterial thrombosis. <h3>Methods</h3> Imaging and laboratory findings, treatment decisions, and outcome of this case are presented. <h3>Results</h3> Eight days after having received the first dose of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccine, a 31-year-old man was admitted to our stroke unit with acute headache, aphasia, and hemiparesis. D-dimers were slightly elevated, but platelet count and fibrinogen level were normal. MRI-confirmed mainstem occlusion of middle cerebral artery resolved within 1 hour after the start of IV thrombolysis. A wall-adherent, nonoccluding thrombus in the ipsilateral carotid bulb was identified as the source of embolism. Cardiac or paradoxical (venous) embolism was excluded. Screening for the presence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia–related antibodies was positive, and highly elevated serum IgG antibodies against PF4-polyanion complexes were subsequently proven. Treatment with aspirin and subcutaneous danaparoid, followed by phenprocoumon, led to thrombus shrinkage and dissolution within 19 days and favorable clinical outcome. <h3>Discussion</h3> Vaccine history is important in patients not only with venous but also with arterial thromboembolic events. Vaccine-induced immune thrombosis of brain-supplying arteries may well be handled.
METALLIC TUBES FOR CONTINUOUS IRRIGATION AFTER PROSTATECTOMY AND FOR DRAINAGE AFTER PERINEAL SECTION.
Authors: FRANCIS R. HAGNER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The difficulty often encountered in introducing the rubber tube after perineal prostatectomy, especially if the prostatic urethra is injured, as well as the tendency of the tube to become plugged, thereby necessitating the removal of the tubes with the sutures and packing from the perineal wound, led me to experiment with metallic tubes, resulting in the instrument described below, which in my hands has proved very satisfactory. The tube for continuous irrigation is 12.5 cm. long, the size of a No. 32 French catheter. Itis composed of a larger tube into which a smaller one is incorporated. At the vesical end are two openings, the larger being the outflow, the smaller the inflow. At the distal end the tube diverges, the larger one being attached to a drainage tube that is carried to a bucket under the bed; the smaller for the attachment of the tube from a fountain syringe,
X-linked recessive ichthyosis in three sisters: evidence for homozygosity
Authors: B. MEVORAH, E. FRENK, C.R. MULLER, H.H. ROPERS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

A family with ichthyosis, severely affecting both men and women, is reported. The clinical, histological and genetic data are strongly suggestive of X-linked recessive ichthyosis. Assay of steroid sulphatase in cultured skin fibroblasts from two ichthyotic female patients revealed an absence of this enzyme and thus confirmed this diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of proven X-linked recessive ichthyosis in women.
Abstract 4058: Multispectral imaging of mismatch repair proteins in colorectal cancers and tumor cells isolated from blood
Authors: Lanlan Zhou, Zhaohai Yang, Maria Baker, David T. Dicker, Wafik S. El-Deiry
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is a system for recognizing and repairing erroneous insertion, deletion and misincorporation of bases that can arise during DNA replication and recombination, or some forms of DNA damage. MMR is required for maintaining genomic stability and is highly conserved from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. MMR defects are found in about 15% of sporadic colorectal cancer and in more than 90% of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)-associated tumors. Detection of defective MMR through analysis of loss of MMR protein immunostaining in colorectal carcinomas stratifies the risk of having an inherited cancer predisposition syndrome and identifies patients who might benefit from subsequent genetic testing and counseling. Multispectral imaging of colorectal cancer (CRC) HCT116, HT29, SW480 and SW620 cells cultured in chambered slides with multiplexed different color quantum dots (Qdots) conjugated MMR proteins MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 shows that HCT116 cells harbor defective MLH1 and PMS2, which is consistent with the finding from conventional single protein immunofluorescence staining. Multispectral imaging of CRC xenografted tumor sections with Qdot-conjugated antibodies to MMR proteins demonstrates that the human colorectal HCT116 tumor xenograft has MLH1 and PMS2 defects, consistent with individual protein immunohistochemical staining. To explore the application of multispectral imaging of MMRs in circulating tumor cells (CTCs), we spiked CRC cells into human blood and recovered CRC cells with the FDA-approved Veridex CellSearch system. Multispectral imaging of recovered CRC cells displayed similar MMR expression spectrum to conventional single protein immunofluorescence staining. The methodology may provide an adjunctive screening tool for detection of MMR defects in CTCs from patients with advanced disease. The utility of this novel assay for detection of MMR gene expression abnormalities will be further examined in the colorectal cancer clinic. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4058. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4058
How not to make an impression
Authors: C. Martyn
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The level of expression and interindividual variation in human hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6 was characterized using a polyclonal antibody (WB-2B6) raised against rat CYP2B1. Immunoblot analysis using cDNA-expressed human CYPs revealed strong cross-reactivity of this antibody with CYP2B6 (limit of detection &lt; 0.05 pmol) and only minor cross-reactivities with human CYP2A6, CYP2D6, and CYP2E1, all of which could be resolved from CYP2B6 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Analysis of human liver microsomes using this antibody revealed immunodetectable CYP2B6 protein in a majority of individual liver samples, with levels up to 74 pmol/mg protein in the CYP2B6-positive samples. Kinetic analysis of cDNA-expressed CYPs identified many of these enzymes as catalysts of 7-ethoxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin (7EFC)<i>O</i>-deethylation, but with significantly different apparent<i>K<sub>M</sub></i> values (CYP1A2 &lt; CYP2B6 ∼ CYP1A1 &lt; CYP2C19 &lt; CYP2C9 &lt; CYP2E1 &lt; CYP2A6). By assaying liver microsomal 7EFC <i>O</i>-deethylase activity at a low 7EFC concentration (5 μM) and preincubating human liver microsomes with anti-CYP1A, anti-CYP2C, and anti-CYP2E1 antibodies, we were able to monitor CYP2B6-dependent 7EFC <i>O</i>-deethylase activity in a panel of 17 human liver microsomes and observe a significant correlation (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.80) between this activity and CYP2B6 protein content. The ability of CYP2B6 to activate prodrugs and procarcinogens was examined using gene locus mutation assays in CYP2B6-expressing human lymphoblast cells. CYP2B6-expressing cells were found to be more sensitive than control cells to the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of cyclophosphamide, aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>, and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. CYP2B6 is thus a widely expressed human liver microsomal CYP that can contribute to a broad range of drug metabolism and procarcinogen activation reactions.
Eosinophil hematopoietins antagonize the programmed cell death of eosinophils. Cytokine and glucocorticoid effects on eosinophils maintained by endothelial cell-conditioned medium.
Authors: E Her, J Frazer, K F Austen, W F Owen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was established as the constitutive and elicited human umbilical vein endothelial cell-derived eosinophil viability-sustaining factor. Stimulation of endothelium cell monolayers with IL-1 alpha (5 U/ml) increased the 48-h elaboration of GM-CSF from a mean of 3.2 to a mean of 8.2 pM (P less than 0.05). Dexamethasone (100 nM) decreased the constitutive GM-CSF elaboration by 49% (P less than 0.001) but did not diminish production by IL-1 alpha-stimulated endothelium. However, eosinophil viability decreased by 21% in dexamethasone-pretreated IL-1 alpha-stimulated endothelial cell-conditioned medium (P less than 0.05), which suggested viability antagonism by glucocorticoids. After 24 h of culture, eosinophil viability for replicate cells in enriched medium alone or with 1 pM GM-CSF decreased from means of 43 and 75% to means of 21 and 54%, respectively, when dexamethasone was included (P less than 0.05). However, 10 pM GM-CSF, IL-3, or IL-5 protected the cells against dexamethasone and against endonuclease-specific DNA fragmentation. In this model system of eosinophil-tissue interactions, dexamethasone prevents the endothelial cells from inducing a pathobiologic phenotypic change in the eosinophil by suppression of GM-CSF elaboration to concentrations that are not cytoprotective. Cytokine priming by GM-CSF, IL-3, or IL-5 may account for the differential responsiveness of select eosinophilic disorders to glucocorticoids.
Effects of Sex and Thyroid Hormones on Ageing in Female Rats
Authors: V. Korenchevsky
Journal: BMJ (1948)

to be much more dramatic than the more steady fall in the number of cases affecting the toes only.This is explained on the theory, already outlined, that the earliest lesions are almost always between the toes, and that during the experiment the spread from toes to body was largely prevented by early treatment and the use of foot-towels.Average Distribution of Lesions in New Cases Month Time Taken for Cure Feet and Body Feet Only Body Only Total _~~~~~~~~~~M ay.. ..
Cholescintigraphic Images in a Patient With Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Oriental Cholangitis
Authors: JAIN E.T. STEWART, CON METREWELI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Oriental cholangitis and hepatocellular carcinoma are both common in South East Asia, but rarely occur in the same patient. Cholescintigraphy has a significant role in the evaluation of Oriental cholangitis and the presence of a large persistent photopenic defect (due to hepatocellular carcinoma) may be misinterpreted as an abscess or dilated biliary ducts secondary to Oriental cholangitis.
Coffee and Cancer of the Pancreas-Reply
Authors: Alvan R. Feinstein
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Lowenfels has demonstrated some interesting ways to make use of general statistical data. We prefer, however, to rely on scientific principles that require comparisons to be conducted between similar groups and examined in similar ways. If he had applied the International Coffee Association's survey methods to determine the coffee-drinking habits of the "case" group, if those habits were unaffected by the disease, and if the data were free from the other biases we discussed, his table might warrant the calculations he has performed. If coffee is indeed a causal culprit, the continuing rise in annual incidence of pancreatic cancer seems strikingly inconsistent with the continuing decline in coffee drinking since 1950. On the other hand, the changing data for annual incidence of pancreatic cancer are probably grossly inaccurate, since many of the cases detected with improvements in modern diagnostic technology would not have been recognized in the
The Meaning of Authorship-Reply
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Phibbs' interest in having computer programmers receive appropriate authorship credit is already covered by the<i>JAMA</i>criteria, provided that the programmers have participated sufficiently in the conception and design of the work or the analysis and interpretation of the data, as well as the writing of the manuscript, to take public responsibility for it. The same criteria for authorship apply regardless of a person's job title. Mr Smith's experiences as an editor dealing with disputes about authorship illustrate the value of requiring each author to verify that he or she meets the criteria when the article is submitted, rather than allowing the corresponding author to submit a list of authors without verification.
The future of cardiology and psychogeriatrics
Authors: D M D White
Journal: BMJ (1981)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Iris cysts in children are uncommon and there is relatively little information on their classification, incidence, and management. <h3>METHODS</h3> The records of all children under age 20 years who were diagnosed with iris cyst were reviewed and the types and incidence of iris cysts of childhood determined. Based on these observations recommendations were made regarding management of iris cysts in children. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Of 57 iris cysts in children, 53 were primary and four were secondary. There were 44 primary cysts of the iris pigment epithelium, 34 of which were of the peripheral or iridociliary type, accounting for 59% of all childhood iris cysts. It was most commonly diagnosed in the teenage years, more common in girls (68%), was not recognised in infancy, remained stationary or regressed, and required no treatment. The five mid-zonal pigment epithelial cysts were diagnosed at a mean age of 14 years, were more common in boys (83%), remained stationary, and required no treatment. The pupillary type of pigment epithelial cyst was generally recognised in infancy and, despite involvement of the pupillary aperture, also required no treatment. There were nine cases of primary iris stromal cysts, accounting for 16% of all childhood iris cysts. This cyst was usually diagnosed in infancy, was generally progressive, and required treatment in eight of the nine cases, usually by aspiration and cryotherapy or surgical resection. Among the secondary iris cysts, two were post-traumatic epithelial ingrowth cysts and two were tumour induced cysts, one arising from an intraocular lacrimal gland choristoma and one adjacent to a peripheral iris naevus. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Most iris cysts of childhood are primary pigment epithelial cysts and require no treatment. However, the iris stromal cyst, usually recognised in infancy, is generally an aggressive lesion that requires treatment by aspiration or surgical excision.
Static and dynamic lung volumes and ventilation-perfusion abnormality in adult asthma
Authors: J. D. Mayfield, P. N. Paez, D. P. Nicholson
Journal: Thorax (1971)

Dynamic lung volumes (forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 0·5 second and in 1·0 second), static lung volumes (total lung capacity, functional residual capacity, residual volume), and ventilation-perfusion relationships (alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference, alveolar dead space ventilation to tidal volume ratio, arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tension, and the fractional ventilation and perfusion relationship by the three-compartment lung model) were measured in adult asthmatics during the acute, recovery, and stable or asymptomatic phases of an asthmatic attack. Eighteen patients were studied during 20 separate asthmatic attacks. The patients behaved in one of three ways with regard to total lung capacity (TLC): group I had an elevated TLC during the acute asthmatic attack which returned to normal, group II had a normal TLC throughout the attack, and group III had an elevated TLC that did not return to normal on recovery from the asthmatic attack. With the patients separated into the three groups, the other pulmonary function measurements, especially the measurements of ventilation-perfusion abnormality, were compared. There were no statistically significant differences of ventilation-perfusion abnormality between groups I, II, or III. There was a tendency for perfusion abnormality to be less during the acute phase of the asthmatic attack in patients with an elevated TLC (group I). The three-compartment lung model revealed the major abnormality in all groups to be an increased fraction of unventilated but perfused lung.
Risk factors for asthma among children in Maputo (Mozambique)
Authors: S. Mavale‐Manuel, F. Alexandre, N. Duarte, O. Albuquerque, P. Scheinmann, A. S. Poisson‐Salomon, J. de Blic
Journal: Allergy (2004)

Background: Few studies have looked at risk factors for asthma in African children. We aimed to identify the risk factors associated with childhood asthma in Maputo (Mozambique). Methods: This case–control study included 199 age‐matched children (100 asthmatic and 99 nonasthmatic) who attended Maputo Central Hospital between January 1999 and July 2000. We collected information concerning their familial history of atopy, birth weight, environment and breast‐feeding. Detailed information about morbidity and treatment was obtained for each asthmatic child. Results: The children were aged between 18 months and 8 years; 60% were male. The asthmatic children were hospitalized more frequently than the nonasthmatic children ( P &lt; 0.0001). Most of the asthmatic children lived in the urban area of Maputo [odd ratio (OR) = 6.73, CI = 3.1–14.0, P &lt; 0.0001], had a parental history of asthma (OR = 26.8, CI = 10.8–68.2, P &lt; 0.0001) or rhinitis (OR = 4, CI = 1.2–13.3, P = 0.005), had at least parent who smoked and were weaned earlier than the nonasthmatic children (OR = 2.4, CI = 1.3–4.4, P &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: Childhood asthma was strongly associated with a family history of asthma and rhinitis, the place of residence, having smokers as parents and early weaning from maternal breast milk. These results highlight the need to reassess the management of asthmatic children in Maputo.