tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Overcoming the False Dichotomy of Curative vs Palliative Care for Late-Stage HIV/AIDS
Authors: Peter A. Selwyn, Marshall Forstein
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Recent advances in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) therapy have significantly reduced HIV-related mortality in the developed world, but mortality rates have plateaued, and AIDS remains a leading cause of serious illness and death for young adults. The chronic nature of the HIV disease course and the increasing burden of cumulative HIV-related morbidity and treatment-related toxic effects pose new challenges to the care of patients over time. Uncertainties about prognosis and the promise and limitations of rapidly evolving therapies have made decision making about advance care planning and end-of-life issues more complex and elusive than when the disease course was more uniform, rapid, and predictable. The emerging biomedical paradigm of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) as the cornerstone of treatment has helped to transform HIV into a manageable chronic disease, yet at the same time has resulted in a more narrow focus and a de facto separation between disease-specific "curative" and symptom-specific "palliative" care for patients with HIV/AIDS. As patients survive longer in the latter stages of progressive HIV disease, they may in fact have increasing need for comprehensive symptom management as well as wide-ranging need for psychosocial, family, and care planning support. In the HAART era, the false dichotomy of curative vs palliative care for patients with HIV/AIDS must be supplanted by a more integrated model to provide comprehensive care for patients with advanced HIV disease and their families.
The DNA Damage- and Transcription-Associated Protein Paxip1 Controls Thymocyte Development and Emigration
Authors: Elsa Callen, Robert B. Faryabi, Megan Luckey, Bingtao Hao, Jeremy A. Daniel, Wenjing Yang, Hong-Wei Sun, Greg Dressler, Weiqun Peng, Hongbo Chi, Kai Ge, Michael S. Krangel, Jung-Hyun Park, André Nussenzweig
Journal: Immunity (2012)
Medical groups press Bahrain over detention of doctors
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Medical and human rights organisations are trying to increase pressure on Bahrain to release doctors detained for alleged actions against the state during protests that broke out in February.

Frank Boulton, chairman of the global health charity Medact, personally delivered a letter to Bahrain’s ambassador in London on Monday 4 July calling on the government to release the doctors who have reportedly been tortured. Two previous letters expressing similar concerns have gone unanswered.

Frontline, an Irish group that campaigns for the protection of defenders of human rights, has …
Beware of ciprofloxacin in acute otitis media.
Authors: C. Marone, F. Quadri
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Cambridge CB3 8RE) write: Papa- verine administered by the intracoronary route in humans produces a brief maximal hyperaemic response in the coronary circulation that has little systemic effect and is used to measure coronary flow reserve in cardiac disease. 2 Intracoronary papaverine is known to produce changes in cardiac electrophysio- logical variables and ST-T configur- ation and prolongation of the QT interval.3Isolated cases of ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibril- lation have also been described.46We describe a case of complete atrioven- tricular block after intracoronary papaverine administration.A 53 year old man was undergoing investigations for chest pain with a positive response on exercise electro- cardiography and normal coronary arteries on angiography.He was re- admitted for further investigations, including coronary flow reserve studies.He had been taking nifedipine for several months and this was stopped 24 hours before cardiac catheterisation.His only other medication was dipyridamole, which was continued.Baseline pulse rate, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, and serum electolyte concentrations were normal.Resting coronary blood flow was measured with a 3F 20 mHz intracoronary Doppler flow probe.Incremental doses of intracoronary papaverine were given after a 2 mg test dose.After administration of a 12 mg dose the patient developed complete atrioventricular block last- ing five seconds.He remained asymptomatic and was haemo- dynamically stable.The study was terminated because of this unexpected side effect.This case shows that, although papaverine is a relatively safe coron- ary vasodilator for measuring coron- ary flow reserve, all patients should be closely monitored while receiving intracoronary papaverine.A tem- porary pacemaker should also be available as well as appropriate antiarrhythmic preparations.1 Wilson RF, White CW.Intracoronary papa- venne: an ideal coronars vasodilator for studies of the coronary circulation in con- scious humans.
Interleukin‐11 as an osteoprotegerin‐inducing factor in culture medium of blastic cells from a patient with acute megakaryocytic leukemia complicated with osteosclerosis
Authors: Tsutomu Sato, Takuya Matsunaga, Masaya Kida, Kazuhiro Morii, Takuro Machida, Yutaka Kawano, Kiminori Nakamura, Kageaki Kuribayashi, Kohichi Takada, Satoshi Iyama, Yasushi Sato, Tetsuji Takayama, Minoru Takahashi, Junji Kato, Manabu Chokki, Yoshiro Niitsu
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract We came across a rare case of acute megakaryocytic leukemia, the clinical course of which was relatively chronic and nonaggressive. This case was complicated with generalized severe osteosclerosis (OS). The medium in which blastic cells from the patient were cultured showed a strong activity to enhance the expression of an osteosclerotic cytokine, osteoprotegerin (OPG), as revealed by real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR and Western blot analysis. The OPG‐inducing activity of the culture medium was neutralized by the anti‐interleukin‐11 (IL‐11) antibody. These results indicate that IL‐11 produced by the blasts was a causative factor of the OS observed in this patient. Am. J. Hematol. 77:62–66, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hospitals lack proper facilities for tuberculosis patients
Authors: A. Legge
Journal: BMJ (2000)

NHS patients and staff are being put at risk of multidrug resistant tuberculosis by the failure of hospital trusts to comply with Department of Health's guidance on isolation.

A study to be published next month shows that only 35% of acute hospital trusts in the United Kingdom have negative pressure isolation rooms despite guidance from the Department of Health two years ago which said that anyone with tuberculosis should be cared for in such facilities.

The study's author, …
THE IMPORTANCE OF BACTERIOLOGY IN THE PROGRESS OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE.
Authors: FRANKLIN STAPLES
Journal: JAMA (1898)

An English scientist has designated the present time as the ''bacteriologic era." It has also been properly called "the period of preventive medicine." The reason and propriety of these appellations as together applied to the times, appear in the fact, that the more important advances made in medicine and surgery in late years have been dependent upon, or more or less connected with, discoveries and practical work in bacteriology. The names of scientists who have been and are now engaged in this work of advancement in different countries require no mention. It has been claimed that different characteristics in scientific and practical work have national or provincial origins and belongings; that, for instance, it was for German scientists, by patient investigation, to discover and furnish the foundation-material, to be utilized largely by practical workmen of other nations. In this country it is remembered when in medicine and surgery the making
Abstract 1414: Lysophosphatidic acid-induced Cyr61 is associated with prostate cancer progression
Authors: Naoki Terada, Yu Zeng, Prakash Kulkarni, Robert H. Getzenberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a serum phospholipid that has been associated with progression in several types of cancer. Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (Cyr61) is an extracellular matrix protein involved in the transduction of growth factor and hormone signaling. We have reported that Cyr61 expression in benign prostate cells is regulated by LPA (Endocrinology 2004). Furthermore that Cyr61 expression is significantly up-regulated in prostate cancer (PCa) and that the expression levels correlate with Gleason score (J Urol 2010). The aim of this study was to determine if LPA-induced Cyr61 up-regulation is associated with PCa progression. BPH1 was utilized as a benign prostate cell line and PC3 as a PCa cell line. In real-time PCR of untreated BPH1 and PC3 cells, Cyr61 expression ratios to TBP were 0.5 and 5.1, and these ratios after 2 hours of 1uM LPA under serum-free medium treatment were 1.8 and 44.3, respectively. These results indicated that the Cyr61 expression levels and their increase by LPA stimulation were higher in PCa cells than in benign prostate cells. To examine whether LPA promotes cell invasion, Matrigel invasion assays were performed for 72 hours with or without 1uM of LPA in the lower chamber. LPA stimulation increased the invaded cell number from 0.3±0.5 to 12.6±2.5 (p&amp;lt;0.001) in BPH1 cells and from 31.9±20.9 to 55.2±14.8 (p=0.005) in PC3 cells. These results indicate that LPA promotes cell invasion in both benign prostate and PCa cells. To examine whether LPA-induced Cyr61 is associated with cell invasion, the Cyr61 was knocked down by siRNA in PC3 cells. Invaded cell numbers were changed by 48 hours of LPA stimulation after scramble siRNA from 2.2±1.3 to 12.3±10.2 (p=0.002) and after Cyr61 targeting siRNA from 1.8±2.6 to 2.7±2.7 (p=0.235), respectively, revealing that Cyr61 down-regulation suppresses LPA induced cell invasion. To investigate the association between Cyr61 up-regulation and prostate carcinogenesis, Cyr61 over-expressing BPH1 cells (BPH1-Cyr61) were established and their cell proliferation was compared with vector only transfected BPH1 cells (BPH1-mock) by MTS assays. The cell proliferation ratio of BPH1-mock and BPH1-Cyr61 cells after 48 hours of incubation in serum-free medium was 1.24±0.05 and 1.40±0.02 (p=0.043), respectively, indicating that Cyr61 over-expression promoted cell proliferation of BPH1 in vitro. In conclusion, LPA induced Cyr61 up-regulation was suggested to be associated with PCa progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1414. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1414
Fetomaternal Cell Trafficking and the Stem Cell Debate
Authors: Diana W. Bianchi, Nicholas M. Fisk
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Immunoglobulin M. Specific for Measles and Mumps in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: J. H. D. Millar, K. B. Fraser, M. Haire, J. H. Connolly, P. V. Shirodaria, D. S. M. Hadden
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Sera from 43 patients with multiple sclerosis were tested by immunofluorescence. Sera from patients with active multiple sclerosis included four with measles virus-specific immunoglobulin M (measles IgM) and two with mumps virus-specific IgM (mumps IgM). In one case each mumps IgM and measles IgM seem to have persisted for two and a half years and three years respectively. In a comparable group of 43 patients with other nervous diseases measles IgM was found in only one serum, and among 43 normal patients no measles or mumps IgM was found.Herpes simplex virus-specific IgM (herpes simplex IgM) was distributed among all three groups. Anticellular IgM was also found, predominantly in active multiple sclerosis, and persisted in two sera for two and a half years.
Left main coronary artery stenosis: angiographic determination.
Authors: A Cameron, H G Kemp, L D Fisher, A Gosselin, M P Judkins, J W Kennedy, J Lesperance, J G Mudd, T J Ryan, J F Silverman, F Tristani, R E Vlietstra, L F Wexler
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Reliability of angiographic assessment of the left main coronary artery segment was evaluated by review of 106 coronary cineangiograms from the Coronary Artery Surgery Study. The films were interpreted by three groups of angiographers: those at a clinical site, those at a quality control site, and those on a study census panel. Among the readings of these three groups, there was 41% to 59% agreement on the severity of the lesion, with 80% agreement on whether the lesion was greater or less than 50%. The severity of lesion, its location, or presence of ectasia or calcium did not affect the discrepancy rate, whereas segments that were unusually short, diffusely diseased, or obscured by overlapping vessels were especially difficult to interpret.
Minor tranquillisers and road accidents.
Authors: D C Skegg, S M Richards, R Doll
Journal: BMJ (1979)

In a prospective study of 43,117 people, prescriptions issued by general practitioners over two years were linked with records of hospital admissions and deaths. For 57 people injured or killed while driving cars, motorcycles, or bicycles the medicines that had been dispensed in the three months before were compared with those dispensed for 1,425 matched controls. There was a highly significant association between use of minor tranquillisers and the risk of a serious road accident (relative risk estimate 4.9). the increased risk of accidents to drivers given tranquillisers could be due to the known psychomotor effects of these drugs or to effects of the conditions being treated. Whatever the reason, patients taking drugs such as diazepam should be warned that they are at special risk.
Circulating dendritic cell (DC) subtypes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Influence of anti-TNF-alpha therapy
Authors: A.J. Schuerwegh, M.M. Hagendorens, J.F. Van Offel, D.G. Ebo, C.H. Bridts, W.J. Stevens, L.S. De Clerck
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Interstitial Nephritis: A Clinicopathological Renal Biopsy Study.
Authors: Robert C. Muehrcke
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967Interstitial Nephritis: A Clinicopathological Renal Biopsy Study.Robert C. Muehrcke, M.D., F.A.C.P., Conrad L. Pirani, M.D., Robert M. Kark, M.D., F.A.C.P.Robert C. Muehrcke, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Conrad L. Pirani, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Robert M. Kark, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1052_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptSerial clinicopathological observations were made on 76 patients with interstitial nephritis. Tissue was obtained by renal biopsy and studied, using light and electron microscopy. In addition, tissue was cultured for bacteria. Interstitial nephritis was divided into primary (40 patients studied) and secondary (36 patients studied). Primary interstitial nephritis was further subdivided into acute (8 patients) and chronic (32 patients).Primary acute interstitial nephritis was associated with infection by brucellosis (2 patients) and syphilis (1 patient). The clinical features were massive proteinuria, azotemia, and progressive renal insufficiency. The striking morphology was diffuse interstitial edema, fibrosis, and cellular infiltrates. Acute renal failure... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Oak Park and Chicago, Illinois PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byArsine-Induced Anuria A Correlative Clinicopathological Study with Electron Microscopic ObservationsROBERT C. MUEHRCKE, M.D., F.A.C.P., CONRAD L. PIRANI, M.D. 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1052-1052KeywordsAcute renal failureBacteriaBiopsyBrucellosisEdemaElectron microscopyFibrosisNephritisProteinuriaSyphilis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF downloadLoading ...
Inhaled <scp>l</scp>-Arginine Improves Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Pulmonary Function in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Hartmut Grasemann, Fionn Kurtz, Felix Ratjen
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2006)

Nitric oxide formation is deficient in airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Since nitric oxide has bronchodilatory effects, nitric oxide deficiency may contribute to airway obstruction in CF.We reasoned that inhalation of l-arginine, the precursor of enzymatic nitric oxide formation, could improve airway nitric oxide formation and pulmonary function in patients with CF.Exhaled nitric oxide, pulmonary function, and peripheral oxygen saturation were measured before and after a single inhalation of nebulized l-arginine solution in patients with CF and in healthy subjects. A saline solution of similar osmolarity (1.7%) was used as control.Nebulized l-arginine not only significantly increased exhaled nitric oxide concentrations but also resulted in a sustained improvement of FEV(1) in patients with CF. Oxygen saturation also increased significantly after the inhalation of l-arginine. Nebulized saline resulted in a small but significant increase in exhaled nitric oxide but a decrease in FEV(1) in patients with CF. In control subjects inhalation of l-arginine increased exhaled nitric oxide concentrations, but FEV(1) decreased. No effect of saline on exhaled nitric oxide, pulmonary function, or oxygen saturation was observed in healthy subjects.These data suggest that a single inhalation of l-arginine acutely and transiently improves pulmonary function in CF through the formation of nitric oxide. Augmentation of airway nitric oxide formation by inhalation of l-arginine is a promising therapeutic approach in patients with CF.
Rebiopsy of Lung Cancer Patients with Acquired Resistance to EGFR Inhibitors and Enhanced Detection of the T790M Mutation Using a Locked Nucleic Acid-Based Assay
Authors: Maria E. Arcila, Geoffrey R. Oxnard, Khedoudja Nafa, Gregory J. Riely, Stephen B. Solomon, Maureen F. Zakowski, Mark G. Kris, William Pao, Vincent A. Miller, Marc Ladanyi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation T790M is reported in approximately 50% of lung cancers with acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors and is a potential prognostic and predictive biomarker. Its assessment can be challenging due to limited tissue availability and underdetection at low mutant allele levels. Here, we sought to determine the feasibility of tumor rebiopsy and to more accurately assess the prevalence of the T790M using a highly sensitive locked nucleic acid (LNA) PCR/sequencing assay. MET amplification was also analyzed.Patients with acquired resistance were rebiopsied and samples were studied for sensitizing EGFR mutations. Positive cases were evaluated for T790M using standard PCR-based methods and a subset were re-evaluated with an LNA-PCR/sequencing method with an analytical sensitivity of approximately 0.1%. MET amplification was assessed by FISH.Of 121 patients undergoing tissue sampling, 104 (86%) were successfully analyzed for sensitizing EGFR mutations. Most failures were related to low tumor content. All patients (61/61) with matched pretreatment and resistance specimens showed concordance for the original sensitizing EGFR mutation. Standard T790M mutation analysis on 99 patients detected 51(51%) mutants. Retesting of 30 negative patients by the LNA-based method detected 11 additional mutants for an estimated prevalence of 68%. MET was amplified in 11% of cases (4/37).The re-biopsy of lung cancer patients with acquired resistance is feasible and provides sufficient material for mutation analysis in most patients. Using high sensitivity methods, the T790M is detected in up to 68% of these patients.
Hepatocyte Transplantation Improves Survival in Mice with Liver Toxicity Induced by Hepatic Overexpression of Mad1 Transcription Factor
Authors: S. Gagandeep, Rana Sokhi, Sanjeev Slehria, Giridhar R. Gorla, Joseph Furgiuele, Ronald A. DePinho, Sanjeev Gupta
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2000)

Hepatic overexpression of Mad1 with an adenoviral vector, AdMad, induced liver toxicity in immunodeficient mice. Transduction of cultured hepatocytes with AdMad inhibited cellular DNA synthesis and cell cycling, along with increased lactate dehydrogenase release, indicating cytotoxicity. When dipeptidyl peptidase IV-deficient F344 rat hepatocytes were transplanted into the liver of immunodeficient mice after treatment with AdMad, significant portions of the liver were repopulated. This was in agreement with corresponding losses of host hepatocytes, which showed increased apoptosis rates. Mortality in mice following AdMad treatment decreased significantly when animals were subjected to hepatocyte transplantation. The findings indicated that Mad1 overexpression perturbed hepatocyte survival. Investigation of pathophysiological mechanisms concerning specific cell cycle regulators in acute liver toxicity will thus be appropriate. Cell therapy has potential for treating acute liver injury under suitable circumstances.