tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Verbal Fads in Medical Writing
Authors: Stephen W. Edmondson
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> I beseech all writers in<i>JAMA</i>to spare me and other readers any further use of certain terms in medical publications. I refer specifically to "the consumer of medical care" and the "in-depth study." God knows where these terms came from, but I would hope personally that they would be forever consigned to their sources and not used again by our profession. Whatever happened to the word "patient"? I have an image of "the consumer of medical care" gnawing away at medical care, an activity that should produce an acute case of indigestion at best. Certainly, the term affects me with disgust. There are perfectly useful traditional substitutes for "in-depth study." "Thorough" comes to mind immediately. I do hope these verbal fads in medical writing will pass on soon to their just reward.
War on cancer--interferon.
Authors: B J Culliton, W K Waterfall
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Washington, DC-In the seemingly endless search for weapons in the war on cancer, enthusiasm about new potential anticancer agents is kindled over and over again.Today, optimism centres on interferon, a natural, presumably non-toxic, antiviral protein that appears to have antitumour properties as well.The American Cancer Society (ACS) is backing interferon to the tune of at least $2m (maybe more), which is the largest sum it has ever put in a single basket.As a result, oncologists at 10 US institutions (listed at the end of this article) have geared up for a limited, though highly publicised, clinical trial. (For the present, the Government's National Cancer Institute, which for many years has provided modest support for interferon studies, has taken a wait-and-see attitude about upping the ante by adding federal funds to the trial.) Limited stocksSome cancer specialists have expressed concern that the ACS is making a mistake by initiating an interferon trial right now, when data are preliminary and interferon is in painfully short supply.Nevertheless, the society (which has entered the interferon sweepstakes with some misgivings) is going ahead, mindful of the fact that false hopes are easily raised.In an effort to put things in perspective, Frank J Rauscher, jun, senior vice-president for research at ACS and former director of the National Cancer Institute, cautions, "Interferon is just one of thousands of substances being tested for antitumor activity.Speculation which raises high hopes because of the society's unusually large financial commitment is premature.Interferon needs to be checked out because its value has not yet been proved.We can only find out by trying whether or not it is really any good.The only way we can do this is to buy the material and get started."It is the limited supply and, therefore, high cost of interferon that explains why the clinical trials, already under way in some places, will include no more than 150 patients with advanced cancer of one of four types: melanoma, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and cancer of the breast.In clinical studies, each has shown some response to interferon.Original plans to include patients with advanced squamous cell cancer of the lung and cancer of the bladder have been set aside until more interferon is available.As it is, the ACS will spend its entire $2m to buy 40 000 million units of interferon from the Central
Drugs and Narcotics in History
Authors: Mark S. Gold
Journal: JAMA (1996)

We have recently reported increased use of illicit drugs by our youth, reversing the extremely positive trends and continuing decreases in use that occurred from 1985 to 1992.<sup>1</sup>Tobacco, marijuana, and other illicit drug use is now increasing again among all adolescents from sixth graders through the high school class of 1995. In a country where cocaine, heroin, marijuana, alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs continue to have multiple detrimental effects on the lives and health of Americans, physicians are often asked for advice. While researchers seek new, comprehensive explanations for the persistence of illicit drug use and the problems inherent in addiction treatments, many advocate a more intrusive, harsher, criminal justice involvement. Others push for education and still others for medical treatment. A broader historical perspective can help us understand drugs of abuse and addiction. Clearly, heeding the historical lesson of earlier cocaine use and study could have prevented
Recombinant Staphylokinase Variants With Altered Immunoreactivity
Authors: De´sire´ Collen, Luc Stockx, Henri Lacroix, Raphael Suy, Steven Vanderschueren
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The thrombolytic potency and antibody induction of selected variants of recombinant staphylokinase (SakSTAR), including SakSTAR(K 74 ) with Lys74, SakSTAR(E 75 ) with Glu75, SakSTAR(EER) with Glu38, Glu75, and Arg77, and SakSTAR(K 74 ER) with Lys74, Glu75, and Arg77 replaced by Ala, were studied. Methods and Results In rabbits, SakSTAR(K 74 ) and SakSTAR(EER) elicited significantly less circulating neutralizing activity than SakSTAR and SakSTAR(E 75 ) ( P =.005 and P =.0002 versus SakSTAR, respectively). In baboons, SakSTAR(K 74 ) induced significantly fewer antibodies than wild-type SakSTAR ( P &lt;.05). Intra-arterial administration in patients with peripheral arterial occlusion of SakSTAR(K 74 ) (n=11) or SakSTAR(K 74 ER) (n=6) induced significantly fewer circulating neutralizing antibodies [median values and interquartile ranges, 20 (3.8 to 26) and 2.4 (0.2 to 59) μg compound neutralized/mL plasma after 3 to 4 weeks ( P =.01 and P =.035 versus SakSTAR, respectively)] than SakSTAR (n=9) [median value and interquartile range, 93 (24 to 110) μg compound neutralized/mL plasma]. Overt neutralizing antibody induction (&gt;10 μg compound neutralized/mL plasma) occurred in all 9 patients given wild-type SakSTAR, in 6 of the 11 SakSTAR(K 74 ) patients ( P =.038 versus SakSTAR), and in 2 of the 6 SakSTAR(K 74 ER) patients ( P =.011 versus SakSTAR). Conclusions SakSTAR(K 74 ), a variant of recombinant staphylokinase with a single substitution of Lys74 with Ala, and SakSTAR(K 74 ER), with Lys74, Glu75, and Arg77 substituted with Ala, have intact thrombolytic potencies but induce significantly less antibody formation in patients.
Gastric cancer: Authors' reply
Authors: H M Sue-Ling, D Johnston, A T R Axon
Journal: BMJ (1993)

EDrrOR,-Some of the issues raised by Bonneux and Barendregt have already been addressed in the discussion section of our paper.There is a fundamental misapprehension contained in Bonneux and Barendregt's second paragraph.Their argument is valid only if this department is assumed to have been responsible for all the cases of gastric cancer from a defined population.
Gene therapy for adenosine deaminase–deficient severe combined immune deficiency: clinical comparison of retroviral vectors and treatment plans
Authors: Fabio Candotti, Kit L. Shaw, Linda Muul, Denise Carbonaro, Robert Sokolic, Christopher Choi, Shepherd H. Schurman, Elizabeth Garabedian, Chimene Kesserwan, G. Jayashree Jagadeesh, Pei-Yu Fu, Eric Gschweng, Aaron Cooper, John F. Tisdale, Kenneth I. Weinberg, Gay M. Crooks, Neena Kapoor, Ami Shah, Hisham Abdel-Azim, Xiao-Jin Yu, Monika Smogorzewska, Alan S. Wayne, Howard M. Rosenblatt, Carla M. Davis, Celine Hanson, Radha G. Rishi, Xiaoyan Wang, David Gjertson, Otto O. Yang, Arumugam Balamurugan, Gerhard Bauer, Joanna A. Ireland, Barbara C. Engel, Gregory M. Podsakoff, Michael S. Hershfield, R. Michael Blaese, Robertson Parkman, Donald B. Kohn
Journal: Blood (2012)
OP0011 A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 3 Equivalence TRIAL Comparing the Etanercept Biosimilar, Hd203, with Enbrel®, in Combination with Methotrexate (MTX) in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Table 1.
Authors: S.-C. Bae, J.-S. Kim, J.-Y. Choe, W. Park, S.-R. Lee, Y. Ahn, Y. Seo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Etanercept is a recombinant fusion protein that blocks TNF activity. HD203 is a biosimilar of etanercept. In a double-blind, randomized study in healthy volunteers, HD203 and Enbrel® were comparable with regards to pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the equivalence in efficacy and to compare the safety of HD203 (biosimilar etanercept) and Enbrel® (reference etanercept), in combination with MTX in patients with RA. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01270997). <h3>Methods</h3> Patients (male or female aged ≥20 years) with active RA were randomly assigned (1:1) to 25 mg HD203 or Enbrel®, administered subcutaneously twice weekly with MTX for 48 weeks. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving ACR20 at week 24. Secondary endpoints included ACRn, change in DAS28, and EULAR response at week 24 and 48, safety and immunogenicity. Efficacy and safety were evaluated at screening, week 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24. Immunogenicity, efficacy and safety were also evaluated at week 36 and 48. <h3>Results</h3> In total, 294 patients were randomized: 147 to HD203 and 147 to Enbrel®. The proportion of patients achieving ACR20 at week 24 (primary endpoint) was not significantly different for HD203 and Enbrel® (Table) and equivalence in efficacy was demonstrated within predefined margins. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences between proportions achieving ACR20 at weeks 12 and 48. Similar trends were seen for ACR50 and ACR70, however the proportion of patients achieving ACR50 at week 24 and 48 was higher with HD203 than with Enbrel®. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups for ACRn, change in DAS28, and EULAR response at week 24 and 48. Analysis of the safety set (HD203, n=147; Enbrel®, n=146) revealed no statistically significant difference in the number of treatment-emergent (all-causality) adverse events (AEs): HD203 76.87% vs. Enbrel® 78.08% (p=0.8040). Furthermore, no statistically significant differences between HD203 and Enbrel® were observed with regards to adverse drug reactions, serious AEs, or discontinuations due to AEs. No unexpected AEs were observed, and few patients tested positive for anti-drug antibodies. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The study met the primary endpoint of demonstrating equivalence in efficacy of HD203 compared with Enbrel®. HD203 was well tolerated, with a safety profile comparable to that of Enbrel® in this population of Korean patients with RA. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> S.-C. Bae: None declared, J.-S. Kim Grant/research support: Hanwha Chemical, J.-Y. Choe: None declared, W. Park: None declared, S.-R. Lee Employee of: Hanwha Chemical, Y. Ahn Employee of: Hanwha Chemical, Y. Seo Consultant for: Hanwha Chemical <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3558
A Letter From Home
Authors: Raymond G. Bunge
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Implantation of stimulated homologous macrophages results in partial recovery of paraplegic rats
Authors: O. Rapalino, O. Lazarov-Spiegler, E. Agranov, G.J. Velan, E. Yoles, M. Fraidakis, A. Soloman, R. Gepstein, A. Katz, M. Belkin, M. Hadani, M. Schwartz
Journal: Nature Medicine (1998)
Abstract 1915: Novel sorafenib derivatives (SC-40, SC-43 and SC-60) show better anti-tumor effects than sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma through SHP-1/STAT3-mediated signaling pathway
Authors: Wei-Tien Tai, Chung-Wai Shiau, Ann-Lii Cheng, Pei-Jer Chen, Kuen-Feng Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Recently, we have reported that sorafenib sensitized hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells to TRAIL via SHP-1 dependent inhibition of signaling transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) (Clinical Cancer Res, 2010). In addition, we identified the effect of sorafenib on STAT3 was independent to kinases and discovered a series of sorafenib derivatives as SHP-1 enhancers (J Hepatol, 2011; Euro J Med Chem, 2011). Here, we report effects of novel sorafenib derivatives (SC-40, SC-43 and SC-60) in HCC. SC-43 induced apoptotic cell death significantly and inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 (p-STAT3) at the concentration of 0.5 μM, which was more potent than sorafenib (5 μM). In addition, SC-60 also exhibited similar effects on down-regulating STAT3 transcription activity and subsequently inhibited the expression of STAT3-related proteins, including cyclin D1, survivin, and Mcl-1 in HCC cells. Furthermore, these analogues showed strong induction of SHP-1 activity while incubated with pure recombinant SHP-1 protein or SHP-1-containing cell extract at the concentrations of low nanomolar ranges. In addition, we found that SHP-2, sharing high homology in critical domains with SHP-1, was not affected neither in cultured HCC cells nor recombinant SHP-2 protein. Knockdown of SHP-1, but not SHP-2, by small interference RNA reduced apoptosis and reversed blockage of p-STAT3 induced by SC-43, 40, 60. Finally, three novel compounds, including SC-43, SC-40, and SC-60 all showed significant and better effects than sorafenib on growth inhibition of orthotopic and subcutaneous xenograft HCC tumors. In conclusion, targeting SHP-1 may be feasible for the treatment of HCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1915. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1915
Analysis of T Cell Skewing by a Receptor Targeted Allergen Variant Reveals Selective Enhancement of Th1-Promoting Cytokines at the APC Level
Authors: K. Hulse, A.J. Reefer, S.M. Satinover, M.D. Chapman, V. Engelhard, J.A. Woodfolk
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
A Calculus of Suffering
Authors: Selma Harrison Calmes
Journal: JAMA (1985)

We modern physicians assume that every patient wants and needs relief from pain, and we deliver. With the help of such high-technology tools as precise vaporizers, sophisticated electronic monitors, powerful synthetic narcotics, epidural catheters, portable infusion pumps, and transcutaneous stimulators, even the most critically ill patient undergoes surgery free of pain. This all-out attack on pain was not always the case, however. After anesthesia became available in 1846, physicians relieved the pain of only certain patients. Children, whites, the rich, the educated, and women were much more likely to receive anesthesia than were blacks, the poor, the uneducated, and immigrants. Dr Pernick, a social historian from the University of Michigan, discusses in detail the period from Oct 16,1846 (the date of the first successful public demonstration of surgical anesthesia), to the 1880s, by which time anesthesia was accepted by nearly all practitioners and patients. His sources are patient records from
"FOUND: A ONE DAY CURE FOR SYPHILIS"
Authors: Harold N. Cole
Journal: JAMA (1942)

To the Editor:  As I have been quoted without permission, serious objection is taken to the recent article of Mr. Paul de Kruif Found: A One Day Cure for Syphilis ( Reader's Digest , September 1942).  First, this article is bound to dissatisfy a large number of conscientious patients suffering from syphilis. The course and the effects of the disease have been carefully explained to them by their physicians, and they have been satisfied and willing to carry out their  Everything was quiet along the Marne, and then they read or hear of this article and are greatly disturbed. Some think the physician does not know his business. They say Here you promised to cure me and it is to take a year or more while Paul de Kruif writes I will be well after one day's treatment. Others query What about this deadly arsenical treatment that you are giving me,
Antituberculous Activity of Cyanacetic Acid Hydrazide
Authors: M. Barnett, S. R. M. Bushby, R. Goulding, R. Knox, J. M. Robson
Journal: BMJ (1955)

Cyanacetic acid hydrazide (C.A.H.; " reazide ") was investigated by Valdecasas et al. (1953), who, con- sidering it to have similar chemical properties to isoniazid, believed that it might have similar anti- tuberculous activity as well.They stated that this was difficult to estimate with accuracy in vitro because of instability of the drug in aqueous solution.However, results obtained by Hartl (1954) with tuberculous guineapigs suggested that C.A.H. had a high degree of activity in vivo, and Scheu (1954), in a preliminary report, claimed that daily doses of 5-10 mg. per kg.given to 11 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis produce re- sponses comparable with those obtained from treatment with isoniazid.Hartl (1954) reported that two isoniazid- resistant strains of Mycobacteriumn tuberculosis were sensitive to C.A.H., suggesting that the actions of the two drugs were different in this respect.Bavin and Seymour (1954) reported some in vitro and in vivo results, and concluded that the drug appeared less active than isoniazid against Myco.tuberculosis H37Rv and was relatively inactive against an isoniazid-resistant strain, though its toxicity was of the same order as that of isoniazid.We hcave therefore investigated the toxicity of C.A.H. and its antituberculous activity in vitro and in vivo, especially against strains of Myco.tuberculosis resis- tant to isoniazid.Methods Toxicity.-Theacute intravenous and chronic oral toxici- ties of both C.A.H. and isoniazid were determined in mice.Mycobacteria.-StockStrains: Strains of
Dual Tracer Imaging for Localization of Parathyroid Lesions
Authors: CHAN H. PARK, CHARLES INTENZO, HERBERT E. COHN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

During the period from July 1983 through October 1984, a group of 38 patients with elevated serum calcium, parathormone (PTH) and/or clinical suspicion of hyperparathyroidism were studied by TI-201 Tc-99m dual tracer parathyroid imaging (DTPI). Seventeen of 18 parathyroid lesions were identified correctly. There was one false-negative, and the size of the adenoma missed by DTPI was less than 1.0 cm in diameter (1.0 x 0.5 x 0.2). There was one true-negative case. The other fifteen with negative scans are being followed clinically. Because of the small population studied, statistical analysis was not ascertained. However, this simple, noninvasive procedure has become a very useful diagnostic tool for the detection and localization of parathyroid lesions causing hyperparathyroidism, and the DTPI should be used in conjunction with ultrasonography and CT scanning in the preoperative evaluation in primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism.
The agglutinating antibody response in the duodenum in infants with enteropathic E. coli gastroenteritis.
Authors: A S McNeish, N Evans, H Gaze, K B Rogers
Journal: Gut (1975)

The agglutinating antibody responses in duodenal fluid and serum were measured serially in 15 infants with enteropathogenic E. coli gastroenteritis. Peak levels of duodenal agglutinins were recorded eight to 18 days after the onset of symptoms, and the titres fell within the next seven to 14 days. These antibodies were mainly of the IgA class but IgM antibodies were detected early in the response, especially in the youngest infants. Serum antibody responses were detected in eight patients, but they correlated poorly with the titres of intestinal antibodies. No rise in serum antibodies was found in six infants. Further studies are required to determine whether these differences are host-derived or whether they reflect different pathogenic properties of the infecting organisms.
Scottish Confidential Inquiry into Asthma Deaths (SCIAD), 1994-6
Authors: C E Bucknall, R Slack, C C Godley, T W Mackay, S C Wright
Journal: Thorax (1999)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> There have been important changes in the organisation of care for patients with asthma since asthma deaths were studied in the 1980s by the British Thoracic Association (BTA), with greater emphasis on long term control of symptoms and the use of preventive therapy. Recent trends in routine statistics show a decline in population death rates. <h3>METHODS</h3> A confidential review was undertaken of general practice and hospital records and interviews with general practitioners of patients dying in mainland Scotland between January 1994 and December 1996 with a principal diagnosis of asthma recorded by the Registrar General’s Office. Panel assessment of the cause of death was carried out and a number of possible adverse factors were identified. The data from the 15–64 year age group were compared with similar data from the earlier study by the BTA. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Over the three year period 95 deaths of 235 studied (40%) were confirmed as being due to asthma. Taking account of different methods of case ascertainment used in the BTA and this study, a fall in the calculated rate of “deaths assessed as due to asthma” was found from 2.51 (95% CI 2.34 to 2.68) per 100 000 population in 1979 to 1.26 (95% CI 1.19 to 1.33) per 100 000 population in 1994–6. Fewer individual adverse factors were identified in clinical management, with appropriate routine management in 59% and management of the final attack satisfactory in 71%. Patient factors such as poor compliance, lack of peak expiratory flow (PEF) measurements, and overuse of reliever medication without inhaled corticosteroids, and psychosocial problems, notably depression, were confirmed as important contributing factors. Four of five patients under 16 years of age who died were found to have problems with routine management. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> This population based study documents important improvements in the standard of asthma care as well as a significant decline in the rate of deaths due to asthma over a period during which the organisation of care has changed and the chronic nature of the disease has been acknowledged. Strategies which might have a further impact include the greater use of PEF recordings, particularly during acute attacks, to document recovery, prescription monitoring of the underuse of inhaled corticosteroids, consideration of the use of combined preparations where persistent overuse of bronchodilators is occurring, and increased input for young patients whose routine management is proving difficult.