tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Significance and limits of cerebrospinal fluid beta‐2‐microglobulin measurement in course of acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Pellegrino Musto, Paolo Tomasi, Nicola Cascavilla, Saverio Ladogana, Antonio La Sala, Lorella Melillo, Michele Nobile, Gianluigi Castoldi, Mario Carotenuto
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Cerebrospinal fluid beta-2-microglobulin (CSF-beta 2m) was measured longitudinally in 48 patients affected by acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Thirteen developed a central nervous system (CNS) involvement during the course of the disease; although moderately higher mean CSF-beta 2m levels were found in these subjects, no significant statistical differences were observed in comparison with patients without this complication and compared with the control group. No correlations were found between beta 2m and other biochemical parameters in CSF. Furthermore, CSF-beta 2m levels appeared to be influenced by previous combined chemoradiotherapeutic treatment for CNS prophylaxis, presence of meningeal non-neoplastic infiltrates, patients' ages, amount of CSF blasts, and their immunological phenotype. In particular, only clearly B-committed leukemic cells, when tested, showed a strong surface expression of beta 2m, as demonstrated by immunocytochemical detection of this protein on cell membrane. However, in specific cases, CSF beta 2m measurement and CSF/serum beta 2m ratio were helpful in diagnosing and monitoring isolated CNS disease. Such findings suggest that CSF-beta 2m assay may be a useful tool in the management of CNS involvement in the course of ALL in only selected patients, as several factors can modify the outcome.
Précis of Elements of episodic memory
Authors: Endel Tulving
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1984)

Abstract Elements of episodic memory (Tulving 1983b) consists of three parts. Part I argues for the distinction between episodic and semantic memory as functionally separate albeit closely interacting systems. It begins with a review of the 1972 essay on the topic (Tulving 1972) and its shortcomings, presents a somewhat more complete characterization of the two forms of memory than the one that was possible in 1972, and proceeds to discuss empirical and theoretical reasons for a tentative acceptance of the functional distinction between the two systems and its possible extensions. Part II describes a framework for the study of episodic memory, dubbed General Abstract Processing System (GAPS). The basic unit in such study is an act of remembering. It begins with the witnessing of an event and ends with recollective experience of the event, with related memory performance, or both. The framework specifies a number of components (elements) of the act of remembering and their interrelations, classified under two broad categories of encoding and retrieval. Part III discusses experimental research under the label of “synergistic ecphory.” Ecphory is one of the central elements of retrieval; “synergistic” refers to the joint influence that the stored episodic information and the cognitively present retrieval information exert on the construction of the product of ecphory, the so-called ecphoric information. The concept of encoding specificity and the phenomenon of recognition failure of recallable words figure prominently in Part III. The final chapter of the book describes a model, named the synergistic ecphory model of retrieval, that relates qualitative characteristics of recollective experience and quantitative measures of memory performance in recall and recognition to the conjunction of episodic-memory traces and semantic-memory retrieval cues.
The Effects of Splanchnicectomy on the Blood Pressure in Hypertension
Authors: S. W. HOOBLER, J. T. MANNING, W. G. PAINE, S. G. MCCLELLAN, P. O. HELCHER, HENRY RENFERT, M. M. PEET, E. A. KAHN
Journal: Circulation (1951)

The effect of supradiaphragmatic splanchnicectomy on the blood pressure of 294 hypertensive patients followed for 10 to 18 months after surgery is compared with the effects of nonspecific medical management in a control group of 79 patients similarly studied. The data are presented in simple graphic form. It is concluded that 29 per cent of the hypertensive patients had reductions in blood pressure outside the range of spontaneous variation, that the vascular complications of hypertension decreased the likelihood of a good result, and that extension of the sympathetic ganglionectomy upward appeared to increase the frequency of good results without requiring a two-stage operation or producing significant postoperative orthostatic hypotension.
The Surgical Treatment of Acute Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Robert J. Flemma
Journal: JAMA (1974)

This five-chapter monograph on the surgical therapy of acute myocardial ischemia rightfully concentrates on an area of great controversy. The introduction delineates the set goals of this book—to develop the current indications for surgical therapy—while stating "that what is true today may only be of historical interest tomorrow." Unfortunately, the manuscript does list today's indications for surgical therapy without paying attention to the critical analysis that might predict which of these indications will be more than passing fancy. Chapter 2, "Pathophysiology of Myocardial Ischemia," is an excellent summary of myocardial metabolism worthy of review by student, resident, internist, or surgeon, and is by far the highlight of the entire book. This chapter alone makes the book worthwhile. This chapter documents the time sequence from myocardial ischemia to irreversible damage, but the excellent data presented here are neglected or forgotten in the anecdotal discussions of the later chapter on acute myocardial
Dyslexia: A Neuroscientific Approach to Clinical Evaluation
Authors: Melvin D. Levine
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The field of learning disabilities is receiving considerable public and academic scrutiny, as there is a growing perception of its pervasive relevance to human accomplishment and the quality of life throughout the age span. Relatively subtle central nervous system dysfunctions have been recognized as having a significant impact on school performance and behavioral adjustment in large numbers of children of normal intelligence. A new monograph,<i>Dyslexia: A</i><i>Neuroscientific Approach to Clinical Evaluation</i>, edited by Frank H. Duffy, MD, and the late Norman Geschwind, MD, is an informative and provocative volume that presents a number of perspectives on the "cutting edge" of this field. The central theme of this collection of papers (originally presented at a symposium on dyslexia in 1981) concerns some newer insights and techniques dealing with the mechanisms underlying specific reading disabilities. The emphasis is on medically oriented approaches, although two of the reports probe linguistic issues in
Systolic and Nonsystolic Heart Failure
Authors: Per Hildebrandt
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hotspots in climate change and human health
Authors: J. A Patz
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The health effects of climate change will affect vulnerable low income populations first, and this review provides convincing evidence of the public health importance of monitoring hotspots of climate change and health Is climate change a serious threat to health?2][3][4] Arguably, climate change is one of the largest environmental and health equity challenges of our times; wealthy energy consuming nations are most responsible for the emissions that cause global warming, yet poor countries are most at risk.In a globalised world, however, the health of populations in rich countries is affected as a result of international travel, trade, and human migration.Mapping "hotspots" of ecological risk has proved to be a useful construct for prioritising and focusing resources to stem the threat of losing biodiversity.Similarly, identifying hotspots in climate change and human health may help public health practitioners in anticipating and preventing any additional burden of disease. Methods
Case 51-1987
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Robert E. Scully, Eugene J. Mark, William F. McNeely, Betty U. McNeely, John L. Gollan, Stuart C. Geller, Carolyn C. Compton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Presentation of CaseA 51-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of progressive abdominal distention.She was well until 12 years earlier, when hypothyroidism and pernicious anemia were found; vitamin B12 and levothyroxine were begun. Seven years before admission hypertension developed, and hydrochlorothiazide was prescribed. Three years before entry the hematocrit was 60 percent, the white-cell count 16,000, and the platelet count 900,000; the leukocyte alkaline phosphatase was elevated, and a radionuclide liver–spleen scan revealed enlargement. In a specimen of arterial blood the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) was normal, and an intravenous urographic examination was negative. . . .
The Bronchoscopic Measurement of Left Auricular Pressure
Authors: P. R. ALLISON, R. J. LINDEN
Journal: Circulation (1953)

A specially adapted needle on the end of a Jackson's suction tube has been used to pierce the left auricle of the heart through the upper end of one of the main bronchi. Pressure measurements and wave forms have been recorded in patients suffering from lung disease with normal hearts, in those with mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation. This preliminary communication describes the method and shows some typical results.
Science, medicine, and the future: Childhood leukaemia
Authors: M. Greaves
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>BACKGROUND:</h3> Twenty-five to 40% of patients pass a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) but fail to wean from mechanical ventilation. There is no single appropriate and convenient predictor or method that can help clinicians to accurately predict weaning outcomes. This study designed an artificial neural network (ANN) model for predicting successful extubation in mechanically ventilated patients. <h3>METHODS:</h3> Ready-to-wean subjects (<i>N</i> = 121) hospitalized in medical ICUs were recruited and randomly divided into training (<i>n</i> = 76) and test (<i>n</i> = 45) sets. Eight variables consisting of age, reasons for intubation, duration of mechanical ventilation, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, mean inspiratory and expiratory times, mean breathing frequency, and mean expiratory tidal volume in a 30-min SBT (pressure support ventilation of 5 cm H<sub>2</sub>O and PEEP of 5 cm H<sub>2</sub>O) were selected as the ANN input variables. The prediction performance of the ANN model was compared with the rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI), maximum inspiratory pressure, RSBI at 1 min (RSBI<sub>1</sub>) and 30 min (RSBI<sub>30</sub>) in an SBT, and absolute percentage change in RSBI from 1 to 30 min in an SBT (ΔRSBI<sub>30</sub>) using a confusion matrix and receiver operating characteristic curves. <h3>RESULTS:</h3> The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves in the test set of the ANN model was 0.83 (95% CI 0.69–0.92, <i>P</i> &lt; .001), which is better than any one of the following predictors: 0.66 (95% CI 0.50–0.80, <i>P</i> = .04) for RSBI, 0.52 (95% CI 0.37–0.67, <i>P</i> = .86) for maximum inspiratory pressure, 0.53 (95% CI 0.37–0.68, <i>P</i> = .79) for RSBI<sub>1</sub>, 0.60 (95% CI 0.44–0.74, <i>P</i> = .34) for RSBI<sub>30</sub>, and 0.51 (95% CI 0.36–0.66, <i>P</i> = .91) for ΔRSBI<sub>30</sub>. Predicting successful extubation based on the ANN model of the test set had a sensitivity of 82%, a specificity of 73%, and an accuracy rate of 80%, with an optimal threshold of ≥0.5 selected from the training set. <h3>CONCLUSIONS:</h3> The ANN model improved the accuracy of predicting successful extubation. By applying it clinically, clinicians can select the earliest appropriate weaning time.
Patient-Physician Communication: Respect for Culture, Religion, and Autonomy
Authors: Joseph G. Pastorek
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —The interesting and informative study by Drs Carrese and Rhodes 1 regarding the perspective of the Navajo peoples on the negative information provided by  medicine—in this case, advance care planning and risk disclosure—actually brings up possibilities much more profound than the authors state. The authors nicely document that the Navajo tradition of hozho , the concept of beauty, harmony, order, and general positiveness, is assaulted by the communication of possible adverse events (eg, risk of death from surgical procedures) that are normally disclosed to patients by modern (Western) physicians. The authors reason that the routine application of these accepted bioethical concepts to non-Western cultures might be unethical and perhaps should be reconsidered. The question arises, however, of whether they are too cavalierly applied to  patients as well.  The culture of Western society as it developed in Europe after the Roman Empire has been primarily Christian, and
Accelerometric assessment of tardive dyskinesia
Authors: W W Tryon, B Pologe
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1987)

Accelerometric measures associated with resting the hand, posturing the arm, and moving the arm were taken in 10 patients with tardive dyskinesia and eight schizophrenic patients matched for diagnosis, age, sex, likelihood of medication to induce extrapyramidal symptoms, and chlorpromazine-equivalent dose. A multivariate analysis of variance and follow-up univariate analyses revealed that the tardive dyskinesia patients showed 1) greater amplitude of dyskinetic movements, 2) lower peak frequency of dyskinetic movements, and 3) more spikes-points beyond four standard deviations from the mean. Multiple discriminant analyses revealed that all patients were correctly classified as to presence or absence of tardive dyskinesia.
Blood Angiotensin II Levels of Normal and Hypertensive Subjects
Authors: K. J. Catt, M. D. Cain, P. Z. Zimmet, E. Cran
Journal: BMJ (1969)

A specific radioimmunoassay for angiotensin II has shown that its normal concentration in arterial blood is 2.4+/-1.2 (S.D.) mmug./l00 ml.; the venous level is consistently below this value, being usually 50-75% of it. Definite rises in blood angiotensin II levels were found in some patients with hypertension, both essential and secondary to renal disease. Extremely low levels were observed in two anephric women, and in one patient with Conn's syndrome. This radioimmunoassay offers a valuable alternative to renin bioassay in evaluation of the role of the renal pressor system in clinical disorders associated with hypertension and aldosteronism.
Pleomorphic Calcifications, Tumor Markers, and Response to Therapy.
Authors: C. DeLeonardis, A. Lodhi, H. Le-Petross, B. Singh, S. Krishnamurthy, A. Lucci
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract IntroductionMany breast cancers are initially identified by pleomorphic calcifications (PC) on mammography (MG). We hypothesized that presence of PC correlates with primary tumor markers and with response to systemic therapy.MethodsMammograms of women with Stage I-III breast cancer were evaluated for the presence of PC. Only patients with biopsy proven invasive carcinoma in association with PC were included. Primary tumor markers (ER, PgR, and HER2) were determined in the standard manner at the time of core biopsy and correlated with presence or absence of PC on MG. We also evaluated cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), based on data showing a role in tumor progression and possible interaction with HER2 and/or ER. Primary tumors were immunostained with an anti-COX2 monoclonal antibody, and staining of ≥ 5% or more of tumor cells was considered as positive. For response to therapy analyses, complete pathologic response (pCR) was defined as lack of any residual invasive disease in primary tumor and regional lymph nodes. We used chi-square and Fischer's exact test for the statistical analysis.ResultsWe prospectively enrolled 239 patients. Median age was 51.2 years and the median follow up was 26 months. Pleomorphic calcifications were more often found in HER2 positive patients (22/37) vs. HER2 negative (71/202), P = 0.005, as well as in COX2 positive patients (28/57), P = 0.044. There were no significant associations between PC and ER or PgR. PC were less prevalent in triple receptor negative patients (11/55)[20%] as compared to receptor positive patients (84/188), P = 0.001. We found PC predicted DCIS to be associated with invasive cancers (27/51)[53%] compared to those who showed no DCIS associated with their invasive breast cancer (57/157) [36%] (P=0.035).When evaluating response to therapy, patients with PC on MG were more likely to have a pCR (6/18) [33%] as compared to those who showed absence of pleomorphic calcifications (2/34)[ 6%], following neoadjuvant chemotherapy, P= 0.015.ConclusionsPleomorphic calcifications were significantly associated with HER2 and COX2 positive primary tumors. Patients with PC were also more likely to have a pCR after systemic therapy. Information regarding PC on MG may be helpful in predicting tumor marker status and response to therapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2027.
TCT-634 Is Visual Assessment of Lesion Dimensions Sufficient For Sizing Of Bioresorbable Scaffolds? Insights From The ASSURE Registry
Authors: Detlef Mathey, Christoph Naber, Thomas Schmitz, Carsten Schwencke, Norbert Frey, Christian Butter, Johannes Brachmann, Maja Ingwersen, Anna Drabik, Sinisa Marcovic, Jochen Wöhrle
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Adverse reactions during treatment with amiodarone hydrochloride.
Authors: B McGovern, H Garan, E Kelly, J N Ruskin
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Amiodarone was administered to 80 patients with recurrent cardiac tachyarrhythmias previously resistant to drug treatment. Forty nine patients were treated for ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation and 31 for supra-ventricular arrhythmias. The mean (range six days to 51 months), permitting a total of 100 patient years of observation. Adverse reactions were observed in 69 patients. Severe side effects were encountered in 13: four patients developed interstitial pneumonitis, four patients developed incessant ventricular tachycardia, three patients taking amiodarone and digoxin sustained sinus node arrest with depression of escape foci, one patient developed hepatitis, and one patient developed hypercalcaemia with renal failure. Furthermore, a rise in the serum concentration of digoxin and potentiation of warfarin anticoagulation occurred in cases in which these agents were combined with amiodarone. Amiodarone was stopped in 14 patients because of side effects. Although amiodarone is effective in suppressing arrhythmias in most patients in whom extensive use of antiarrhythmic drugs has been unsuccessful, it is associated with diverse and serious toxicity. These observations suggest that at present the use of amiodarone should be reserved for patients with life threatening or seriously disabling arrhythmias in whom longer established drugs have been ineffective or are contraindicated.
Allergenic Cross-Reactivity of Phl P 5, Phl P 6 and Their Derived Recombinant Protein Fragments
Authors: R STOVHASE, G LUND, T LENHARD, H HENMAR, L FRIBERG, A GISELSSON, J LARSEN, L LUND, K MENO, G HANSEN
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
The measurement of digitoxin in human serum by radioimmunoassay
Authors: George C. Oliver, Brent M. Parker, Daniel L. Brasfield, Charles W. Parker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

A sensitive, specific, and relatively simple immunoassay permitting measurement of pharmacological levels of digitoxin in human serum has been developed. The assay involves binding of (125)I-labeled tyrosine-digitoxigenin (specific activity > 400 mc/mg) by rabbit antibody to digitoxin. Antibody-bound radioactivity is precipitated by addition of a second antibody (goat anti-rabbit gamma globulin), and precipitate radioactivity is measured. Unlabeled digitoxin can be determined by the extent to which it competes with (125)I-labeled digitoxigenin and thus reduces precipitation of radioactivity. Before the assay, unlabeled digitoxin is extracted from serum with chloroform, and the chloroform solution is evaporated to dryness. Quantitation is accomplished by reference to a standard curve in which known amounts of digitoxin are added to normal serum. As little as 1 mmug of digitoxin per ml of serum produces significant reduction in precipitate radioactivity. The sera of 5 patients were analyzed before and after digitalization. A highly significant reduction in precipitate counts in the postdigitalization sera was observed (P < 0.001). Serum digitalis levels were measured in 19 patients receiving no digitalis and in 19 patients taking digitoxin or digitalis leaf. Little of no digitalis-like activity was detected in control sera, whereas serum levels averaged 27 mmug/ml in those on digitalis (range 4-60 mmug/ml, P < 0.001). Patients judged clinically to show digitals toxicity in general had higher levels than those without signs of toxicity. Patients receiving digoxin had little or no detectable digitalis in their serum with this method. In addition to the assay itself, other potential uses of the antidigitalis antibody include treatment of digitalis toxicity and studies on the tissue localization of digitalis.