tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
INTERSTITIAL GINGIVITIS FROM INDIGESTION AUTOINTOXICATION.
Authors: EUGENE S. TALBOT
Journal: JAMA (1900)

In my work upon "Interstitial Gingivitis or So-called Pyorrhea Alveolaris," I divided the etiology into exciting and predisposing, and, again, into local and constitutional causes. In my article published this year,<sup>1</sup>I discussed one form of the constitutional variety under the heading, "Interstitial Gingivitis Due to Autointoxication." This subject was discussed in a general way. Albu's classification of autointoxication was accepted: 1. Autointoxications from the suppression or disturbance of the functions of an organ, e. g., autointoxication of thyroid gland, pancreas, liver, suprarenal capsules, producing myxedema, diabetes, acute yellow atrophy and Addison's disease. 2. Autointoxications which occur from anomalies in general metabolism without definite localization, such as rheumatism, gout and oxaluria. 3. Autointoxications which are caused by the retention of the physiologic products of metabolism in different organs, such as poisoning due to extensive destruction of the skin by burning, carbolic-acid poisoning, uremia and eclampsia. 4. Autointoxications due to
CHRONIC ULCERATIVE COLITIS
Authors: M. H. STREICHER
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Until recently, all reports on the subject of ulcerative colitis were discouraging. For many years it has been the opinion of most gastro-enterologists that the treatment of colitis was mainly that of the specific forms of ulcerative colitis and that the diagnosis of the nonspecific ulcerative colitis was based on the existence of colon ulcers with negative bacteriologic observations. The first suggestion that the so-called nonspecific colitis was an infectious disease was made by Bargen<sup>1</sup>in 1924. He maintained that a diplostreptococcus of definite morphologic and cultural properties is an important etiologic factor in the causation of certain cases of chronic ulcerative colitis. Since then many investigators have confirmed his observations. The European investigators, too, until of recent date have always looked on chronic ulcerative colitis as of nonspecific origin. It is important to remember in this connection that distant foci of infection parallel to a great extent the
Rectally administered prednisolone--evidence for a predominantly local action.
Authors: D A Lee, M Taylor, V H James, G Walker
Journal: Gut (1980)

Plasma prednisolone levels have been compared in healthy volunteers and in patients suffering from idiopathic proctocolitis after the administration of standard retention enemata containing either prednisolone-21-phosphate or prednisolone metasulphobenzoate sodium. The levels were significantly lower after the latter, irrespective of the presence or degree of activity of the disease. Prednisolone metasulphobenzoate appeared to be as effective as the 21-phosphate ester for the treatment of proctocolitis in the few patients where the two drugs were compared. It seems possible that the beneficial effect of the form of therapy is exerted predominantly locally, rather than by systemic action.
Occupational exposure of Brazilian neonatal intensive care workers to latex antigens
Authors: R. A. M. Lopes, M. C. C. Benatti, R. L. Zollner
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: Frequent exposure to latex causes various reactions such as respiratory symptoms and anaphylactic shock. In these cases, proteins found in natural latex are responsible for the serious systemic antilatex‐mediated immediate hypersensitive reactions. Methods: Cross‐sectional descriptive survey focusing on 96 Brazilian health care workers (HCW) in the neonatal intensive care unit at CAISM, State University of Campinas UNICAMP, Brazil. All subjects were interviewed, donated blood samples for the latex‐specific immunoglobulin E measurement and underwent the skin prick test (SPT) with an antigen extracted from latex gloves. Results: The prevalence of latex positive SPT was 8%. There were eight SPT positive and only one serologic test was in agreement with the SPT. Overall, there was evidence of an association between the latex SPT and reported eczema ( P = 0.01); food allergy ( P = 0.009) with pineapple ( P = 0.01). Conclusions: These results suggest that the identification of reactions of immediate hypersensitivity mediated by antilatex antibodies in HCW should be encouraged to prevent occupational exposure to latex products.
Effect of Hemorrhage on Arterial Plasma Renin Activity in the Rabbit
Authors: JOHN K. MCKENZIE, MICHAEL R. LEE, WILLIAM F. COOK
Journal: Circulation Research (1966)

Arterial plasma renin activity in the rabbit was measured at the beginning and end of a brisk hemorrhage and 40 min later. Activity rose to a mean of two and one-half times the control value during the hemorrhage, and was five times greater than the control 40 min later. The rise in plasma renin activity was not due to anesthesia, as light pentobarbitone produced no change. Conscious rabbits, severely bled from a carotid cannula, 2 to 5 hr after an ether anesthetic, also showed an increase in plasma renin activity at the end of hemorrhage. Forty-eight hours after both kidneys had been removed, renin activity was virtually absent and did not rise after hemorrhage.
Lowering Lipids Improves Coronary Arterial Anatomy-Reply
Authors: John P. Kane
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The primary objective of our study was to test the "lipid hypothesis," that is, to determine whether reducing levels of low-density lipoproteins in plasma would inhibit progression or cause regression of atherosclerotic lesions in the coronary arteries of individuals with a specific form of primary hyperlipidemia: familial hypercholesterolemia. We employed a high-resolution technique of computer-based quantitative angiography to measure changes in dimensions of individual atherosclerotic plaques. This technique allowed us to evaluate the effects of treatment on 547 lesions in a relatively small patient group (72 individuals) over a 2-year period. Asymptomatic patients were studied in an effort to focus on early and uncomplicated lesions, so as to avoid as much as possible the potentially confounding effects of fissuring and thrombosis. Thus, the study was not designed to detect changes in the incidence of new coronary events. Analysis of change in percent area stenosis in our patients showed
Challenges for Change
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

WITH the introduction of the National Health Service (NHS) in Britain in 1948, the State effectively assumed responsibility for the nation's health in a far more comprehensive manner than ever before. Whatever criticisms may have been leveled at the way in which it has set about the task, the NHS must be recognized as a wholly commendable expression of the social conscience of the nation.It was clear from the outset that it could not be operated without the co-operation of the doctors, and their initial reluctance to give this co-operation was ostensibly because they feared that the State would . . .
American Roulette — Contaminated Dietary Supplements
Authors: Pieter A Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

sive primary care that is focused on patients with complex health care needs, with the aim of providing better care at a lower total cost through reductions in the use of hospitals and emergency departments.Care management, with its cost-reducing potential, will not spread widely in the health care system without substantial changes in payment policy.If hospitals profit from unnecessary readmissions, they are unlikely to adopt effective hospital-to-home care-management programs.If primary care practices are not reimbursed for the work of a registered-nurse care manager, they will not hire one unless they share in the savings generated by reducing hospital admissions and emergency department visits.Other obstacles include nursing shortages and the paucity of training programs for nurses to become effective care managers.The evidence is strong that well-designed care management can substantially reduce costs for patients with complex health care needs.Cost-control measures, particularly in Medicare, must be targeted to the group of patients who account for the great majority of health care expenditures.Investment in care management should become a focus of the cost-containment discussion that is now dominating the debate over health care reform.
ABL fusion oncogene transformation and inhibitor sensitivity are mediated by the cellular regulator RIN1
Authors: M Thai, P Y Ting, J McLaughlin, D Cheng, M Müschen, O N Witte, J Colicelli
Journal: Leukemia (2010)

ABL gene translocations create constitutively active tyrosine kinases that are causative in chronic myeloid leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia and other hematopoietic malignancies. Consistent retention of ABL SH3/SH2 autoinhibitory domains, however, suggests that these leukemogenic tyrosine kinase fusion proteins remain subject to regulation. We resolve this paradox, demonstrating that BCR-ABL1 kinase activity is regulated by RIN1, an ABL SH3/SH2 binding protein. BCR-ABL1 activity was increased by RIN1 overexpression and decreased by RIN1 silencing. Moreover, Rin1(-/-) bone marrow cells were not transformed by BCR-ABL1, ETV6-ABL1 or BCR-ABL1(T315I), a patient-derived drug-resistant mutant, as judged by growth factor independence. Rescue by ectopic RIN1 verified a cell autonomous mechanism of collaboration with BCR-ABL1 during transformation. Sensitivity to the ABL kinase inhibitor imatinib was increased by RIN1 silencing, consistent with RIN1 stabilization of an activated BCR-ABL1 conformation having reduced drug affinity. The dependence on activation by RIN1 to unleash full catalytic and cell transformation potential reveals a previously unknown vulnerability that could be exploited for treatment of leukemic cases driven by ABL translocations. The findings suggest that RIN1 targeting could be efficacious for imatinib-resistant disease and might complement ABL kinase inhibitors in first-line therapy.
Dispute over conflicts of interests leads to changes for medical society
Authors: Nina Vinther Andersen
Journal: BMJ (2006)

After a year of controversy over the influence of drug industry money, conflicts of interests and lack of transparency, members of the International Continence Society (ICS) last week decided to postpone an election for a new general secretary and to review and possibly rewrite the constitution of the society and its ethical guidelines. 

“In three days we've made five years' worth of progress. We have managed to re-establish trust between the involved parties, and this should go a long way towards resolving our problems. We all agreed that the wellbeing of the society should be our highest priority,” said Hans Peter Dietz, associate professor in obstetrics and gynaecology at Sydney University, a vocal critic of industry influence. 

The review comes as a result of a dispute within the society stemming from growing unease that industry money is influencing scientific discourse in the medical society. …
Last USPHS Leprosy Hospital Phasing Out; Research Relocating to University
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

THE LABORATORY research branch of the Gillis W. Long Hansen's Disease Center, Carville, La, is moving to the Louisiana State University (LSU) School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge. According to David L. Huxsoll, DVM, PhD, associate dean of research and advanced studies at LSU, the relocation "will be mutually beneficial." Many of the center's researchers already are adjunct faculty at the university, he says, and the move "will allow much better collaboration and exchange of ideas." Another possible advantage, Huxsoll notes, is because the organism that causes Hansen's disease (leprosy) is closely related to the mycobacteria that cause tuberculosis in man and animals and other diseases. The move to Baton Rouge, he says, will create "the largest critical mass of people in the world studying this important group of organisms." <h3>Federal-State Agreement</h3> The agreement between state and federal authorities to relocate the Hansen's disease center's research branch to the campus,
Blends of hydrophobic and swelling agents in the swelling layer in the preparation of delayed-release pellets of a hydrophilic drug with low MW: Physicochemical characterizations and in-vivo evaluations
Authors: Chang You, Xuedan Liang, Jiabei Sun, Lin Sun, Yitao Wang, Tianyuan Fan, Ying Zheng
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2014)

In this study, a hydrophobic material, ethylcellulose, which was used as its aqueous suspension Surelease®, was combined with a swelling agent as the swelling layer to prepare delayed-release pellets for Danshensu, which is a hydrophilic drug with low MW. A rupturable, delayed-release pellet consists of a drug core, a swelling layer containing a swelling agent (cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose) with a hydrophobic agent (Surelease®), and a controlled layer composed by an insoluble, water-permeable polymeric coating (aqueous ethylcellulose dispersions) was developed in a fluidised bed. Results showed that blending Surelease® into the swelling layer could effectively extend the release of Danshensu from the pellets, which may be attributed to the slowed swelling rate by reduction of water penetration and improvement of mechanical integrity of the swelling layer. Drug in the delayed pellets showed sustained release in beagle dogs after oral administration with comparable in-vivo exposure to the uncoated drug pellets. In conclusion, blends of hydrophobic and swelling agents in the swelling layer in double-membrane pellets could achieve a delayed drug-release profile in vitro, as well as delayed and sustained absorption in vivo for highly soluble, low-MW drug. The present study highlighted the potential use of a delayed-release system for other hydrophilic, low-MW drugs to meet the formulation requirements for chronopharmacological diseases.
Medical School Deans
Authors: Paul W. Mosher
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the interest of parsimony, it might be worthwhile reconsidering your comments on Rosinski's EDITORIAL inThe Journal(<b>216</b>:322, 1971). I think a case could be made for including Rosinski's description of the rise of assistant deans with a reputation for innovation to the position of dean under the general heading of the Peter Principle. The Peter Principle describes quite clearly, I believe, the loss of one's best functional capacities through the mechanism of promotion "to a level of incompetence." As a matter of fact, the Peter Principle may be operative in all medical schools, not just new ones, where men trained in clinical medicine or research are "promoted" to positions of educational responsibility for which they may have little or no training. If, upon reflection, this appeared to be the actual state of affairs perhaps it would signal the need for a new specialty, medical
INJURY TO CAROTID ARTERY AND JUGULAR VEIN, WITH LIGATION AND RECOVERY
Authors: C. S. Lawrence
Journal: JAMA (1923)

A boy, aged 12 years, entered the hospital, Aug. 6, 1922, with a wound of the neck, due to an automobile accident. The impact of a collison threw the boy, who was riding on the front seat, into the wind-shield, breaking it and at the same time inflicting a wound in the left side of the neck. There was a sudden, profuse hemorrhage; the boy got out of the car and stood for a second; then his father and other occupants of the car laid him on a cushion and applied a handkerchief compress to the bleeding wound, placed the boy in the car, and drove to the hospital, a distance of 4 miles. On the way, they stopped at the office of a physician, who advised them to rush to the hospital at once. I saw the boy within a few minutes after admission. He lay perfectly quiet, blanched
Proliferation and the Monoclonal Origins of Atherosclerotic Lesions
Authors: S.M. Schwartz, C.E. Murry
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1998)

Benditt's observation of the monoclonal origin of the atherosclerotic lesion has been controversial because it appeared to conflict with conventional wisdom. A new method based on a polymerase chain reaction amplification of the DNA of an X-inactivated gene from microdissected tissue confirms that Benditt was correct. However, this monoclonal expansion can also be found in nonatherosclerotic intima and media. These new data suggest that plaque clonality may represent expansion of preexisting patches of cells arising during development of the media. This developmental view does not conflict with other recent evidence that plaque expansion is associated with mutation or viral events. However, if plaques arise from patches, then early developmental mechanisms may be critical to the later evolution of the lesions.
Proline-incorporating cells in chronic active liver diseases
Authors: Giorgio Hassan, Stefania Stefanini, Anna Maria Bargagli, Francesco Autuori
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

The incorporation of 3 H-proline in cells of liver biopsy specimens from patients with chronic active liver diseases has been studied by light and electron microscopic autoradiography. The labeled proline is incorporated by hepatocytes of the external rows of the residual liver lobule, by the cells of the proliferating bile ductule and very actively by the plasma cells localized at the boundary between the inflammatory infiltrate and the liver lobule. These plasma cells, which are often in close contact with the hepatocytes at the edge of the liver lobule, appear to be either negative or positive after the immunohistochemical tests for the k and λ chains of immunoglobulins. Results are discussed in relation to both the synthesis of collagen and the role of the immunocompetent cells during the process of the piecemeal necrosis.
HIV Vaccine Research Gets $287 Million Boost
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2006)

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Diagnosis and Treatment of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Louis R. Caplan
Journal: JAMA (1991)

WITHIN the past decade, dramatic advances have been made in imaging and ultrasound technology. These new capabilities have led to better understanding of the pathophysiologic characteristics of various subtypes of stroke. The ability to safely visualize in vivo the brain and blood vessels and to analyze blood flow has improved physicians' ability to diagnose the causes and mechanisms of their patients' strokes, to more accurately prognosticate, and to more rationally choose treatment. Unfortunately, this revolution in knowledge and technological capability has been so rapid that the average generalist caring for stroke patients has often not been able to keep up with the progress or to translate advances into practical patient management. I hope to share in this review the questions the physician should ask and, with the help of patient examples, to suggest an approach to the evaluation and management of stroke patients. <h3>WHAT SUBTYPE OF STROKE DOES THE PATIENT</h3>
Association Between Vitamin D and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review of Prospective Studies
Authors: Yanlei Ma, Peng Zhang, Feng Wang, Jianjun Yang, Zhihua Liu, Huanlong Qin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

To conduct a systematic review of prospective studies assessing the association of vitamin D intake or blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] with the risk of colorectal cancer using meta-analysis.Relevant studies were identified by a search of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases before October 2010 with no restrictions. We included prospective studies that reported relative risk (RR) estimates with 95% CIs for the association between vitamin D intake or blood 25(OH)D levels and the risk of colorectal, colon, or rectal cancer. Approximately 1,000,000 participants from several countries were included in this analysis.Nine studies on vitamin D intake and nine studies on blood 25(OH)D levels were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled RRs of colorectal cancer for the highest versus lowest categories of vitamin D intake and blood 25(OH)D levels were 0.88 (95% CI, 0.80 to 0.96) and 0.67 (95% CI, 0.54 to 0.80), respectively. There was no heterogeneity among studies of vitamin D intake (P = .19) or among studies of blood 25(OH)D levels (P = .96). A 10 ng/mL increment in blood 25(OH)D level conferred an RR of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.63 to 0.89).Vitamin D intake and blood 25(OH)D levels were inversely associated with the risk of colorectal cancer in this meta-analysis.