tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1410: Bmi-1 enhances the radioresistance of cells by suppressing the expression of NADPH oxidase genes
Authors: Qinghua Dong, Roy Kim, Wei Chen, Ju-Eun Oh, Ki-Hyuk Shin, William McBride, No-Hee Park, Mo K. Kang
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Bmi-1 is a polycomb group protein necessary for cellular proliferation and maintenance of stem cell phenotype. The current study was undertaken to determine the radioprotective effects of Bmi-1 in human epithelial cells. Primary normal human keratinocytes (NHK) from oral mucosa or epidermis were infected with retroviral vectors expressing Bmi-1. NHK infected with empty virus (NHK/B0) rapidly underwent premature senescence upon exposure to 5 or 10 Gy of ionizing radiation (IR). However, the cells transduced with Bmi-1 (NHK/Bmi-1) maintained cell proliferation and clonogenicity after IR. To determine the mechanism underlying the radioresistance conferred by Bmi-1, we compared the DNA damage response (DDR), production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and DNA repair activities in both cell types. NHK/B0 and NHK/Bmi-1 cells demonstrated rapid induction of DDR after 5 Gy irradiation. ROS production was increased by irradiation, but Bmi-1 transduction suppressed the ROS production. Irradiation strongly induced the genes encoding the enzymes involved in ROS production, mainly of NADPH oxidase subunits, but Bmi-1 completely abolished the expression of these genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) revealed binding of Bmi-1 to the promoter regions of these genes in vivo, suggesting transcriptional repression by Bmi-1. In vitro DNA end joining and in vivo double strand break (DSB) repair activities were enhanced in NHK/Bmi-1 cells compared with NHK/B0. These data indicate that Bmi-1 enhances the radioresistance of NHK in part by mitigating the genotoxicity of radiation. This study was supported in part by the grants, UCLA/CBPR (U19) from NIAID and R01DE18295/K02DE18959 from NIDCR/NIH. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1410.
The Future of Work and Health
Authors: Harold J. Magnuson
Journal: JAMA (1986)

This book is based on a report prepared for the Public Health Service by the Institute for Alternative Futures and the Washington Business Group on Health. A multidisciplinary advisory group, including six physicians among the 19 members, assisted in its preparation. The purpose was to "identify the most important characteristics of work and the workplace over the next twenty-five years, particularly in relation to health issues." Based on projections by a variety of governmental, business, labor, professional, and academic sources, likely changes are estimated for specific population groups, the economy, technology, work and the workplace, medical and scientific developments, and the provision of health care. The bibliography is a potpourri of more than 200 items, 16 of which were published prior to 1980. Twenty tables and 22 charts summarize the more important statistics. While the conclusions within the individual categories provide few surprises, the interpretation of their interactions makes for
Role of p21Cip1/Waf1 in cell-cycle exit of endomitotic megakaryocytes
Authors: Véronique Baccini, Lydia Roy, Natacha Vitrat, Hédia Chagraoui, Siham Sabri, Jean-Pierre Le Couedic, Najet Debili, Françoise Wendling, William Vainchenker
Journal: Blood (2001)
Non-invasive quantitative assessment of oxidative metabolism in quadriceps muscles by near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: H Ding, G Wang, W Lei, R Wang, L Huang, Q Xia, J Wu
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2001)

Near infrared spectroscopy can be used in non-invasive monitoring of changes in skeletal muscle oxygenation in exercising subjects.To evaluate whether this method can be used to assess metabolic capacity of muscles. Two distinctive variables abstracted from a curve of changes in muscle oxygenation were assessed.Exercise on a cycle ergometer was performed by 18 elite male athletes and eight healthy young men. A measuring probe was placed on the skin of the quadriceps muscle to measure reflected light at two wavelengths (760 and 850 nm), so that the relative index of muscle oxygenation could be calculated. Exercise intensity was increased from 50 W in 50 W increments until the subject was exhausted. During exercise, changes in muscle oxygenation and blood lactate concentration were recorded. The following two variables for assessment of muscle oxygenation were then abstracted and analysed by plotting curves of changes in muscle oxygenation: the rate of recovery of muscle oxygen saturation (R(R)) and the relative value of the effective decrease in muscle oxygenation (D(eff)).Data analysis showed a correlation between muscle oxygenation and blood lactate concentration at the various exercise intensities and verified the feasibility of the experiment. Data for the athletes were compared with those for the controls using the Aspin-Welch test of significance; t = 2.3 and 2.86 for R(R) and D(eff) respectively. There were significant differences (p = 0.05) between the athletes and the control group with respect to these two variables.R(R) and D(eff) may be distinctive variables that can be used to characterise muscle oxidative metabolism during human body movement.
Worksite health promotion programme for women
Authors: Gurjeet Kaur Chawla, G L Khanna
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

A healthy motivated workforce is very vital to an organisation. All over the world various organisations are investing on employees healthcare as health hazards exposure among employees for long are reflected on financial and goodwill status. Organisations that are implementing worksite health promotion programme and strategies achieve reduction in healthcare cost and long term disability along with additional benefits including reduced absenteeism, higher productivity and increased loyalty among employees. But it is an irony of fate that health hazards of women workers have been underestimated because occupational safety and health standards as well as exposure limits to hazardous substances are not based on female population. These factors contribute to work injuries, illnesses, physical stress and hypertension causing deterioration in the health of women workers leading to fatalities. It is amply manifest and greatly emphasised that worksite conditions of working women particularly in industries need to pay greater attention as women face a wide range of health and nutrition related problems throughout the life cycle. Women's safety and health problems are frequently ignored or are not accurately reflected in research and data collection. If health promotion policies are to be effective for women, they must be based on more accurate information about the relationship between health and gender roles. Health promotion programmes or policies for working women need to take into account manifold functions of their lives. Measures should be taken to control occupational hazards to which women workers are exposed. Special action programme should be developed for work related hazards within each occupation, including psycho-social and organisational factors, taking into consideration the physical, mental and social wellbeing of women workers to get better productivity at workplace as well as to enjoy the given work activities to maintain balanced health and attribute wealth to the country.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE PURIFIED SPREADING FACTOR FROM TESTICLE
Authors: Albert Claude, F. Duran-Reynals
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1937)

1. The factor responsible for the spreading property of testicle extracts was found to be soluble in water, in salt solution, and in acid media. It is relatively stable at high hydrogen ion concentrations, and it is not precipitated or inactivated by hydrochloric acid up to pH 2.0. The spreading substance is not soluble in acetone, ether, alcohol, chloroform, or pyridine. It is inactivated by crystalline trypsin and pepsin at the optimum pH of action of these enzymes. It is not attacked by a crystallized carboxypolypeptidase. The substance does not pass semipermeable membranes which retain proteins. The color tests for proteins are positive. At least 14.2 per cent of the fraction isolated is nitrogen. Taken together these properties are strong evidence that the testicular factor is a protein. 2. A method for the preparation of the spreading factor in relatively pure form is presented and discussed. 3. In addition to the spread, concentrated solutions of the testicular factor are shown to produce a condition of the skin having the characters of edema.
Faecal peritonitis after laxative preparation for barium enema.
Authors: D Galloway, H J Burns, L E Moffat, S G MacPherson
Journal: BMJ (1982)

ment and no other respiratory organisms were grown we attempted to identify the organism and carried out sensitivity tests.The organism was resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, cephalexin, fusidic acid, and co-trimoxazole, and was sensitive to tetracycline, lincomycin, and gentamicin.Treatment was changed to lincomycin 500 mg by mouth thrice daily.Before this treatment was started a third specimen of sputum and second specimen of blood were obtained for culture.The sputum specimen again grew the same organism, but blood cultures showed no growth after two weeks' incubation.She became clinically well within five days after the changed treatment.The antibiotic was continued for a total of seven days.Two days later a further specimen of sputum was examined.This was not purulent and did not grow the organism or any known respiratory pathogen.She was discharged and was well at follow-up two weeks later.Bacteriology-Overnight incubation at 37°C produced whitish raised colonies of about 0-5 mm in diameter.Gram-staining showed large nonsporing Gram-positive rods.The organism grew aerobically as well as anaerobically, but slightly better in the presence of carbon dioxide.It was catalase and oxidase negative and non-motile.Similar characteristics were observed in all three cultures.The organism was provisionally named as a Lactobacillus spp and later fully identified by the Central Public Health Laboratory, London, as Lactobacillus casei ss rhamnosus.
SODIUM BIBORATE IN THE TREATMENT OF EPILEPSY IN AN ASYLUM
Authors: J. McCartney
Journal: BMJ (1920)

A __u x destruction of antiscorbutic.Suggestions are made as to means of preventing this.6.The germination of dry peas, beans, and lentils before cooking is strongly recommended as a means of providing extra antiscorbutic when fresh vegetables and fruit are scarce or absenat.7. It is suggested that abnormally rapid growtll may promote the development of scurvy in children.In conclusion, we desire to express our gratit-ude to Professor v. Pirquet, who placed all his valuable records freely at our disposal, and to the members of his inursing staff wlho assisted us in every way in our investigations.
Dyspnea and Bronchospasm from Inappropriate Postexercise Hyperventilation
Authors: ALEXANDER FERGUSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

A group of 10 patients who complained of exertional dyspnea largely after exercise and who had normal physical examination and chest roentgenograms is described. Chronic obstructive lung disease, pulmonary vascular disease, and interstitial pneumonitis were excluded because mechanics of breathing and respiratory gas exchange were normal. Comparison with normal volunteers and with patients with diffuse lung disease showed that their symptoms were the result of inappropriate postexercise hyperventilation. Three minutes after completion of the exercise their PCO2 averaged 23 mm Hg compared with 37 mm Hg for normals and 31 mm Hg for patients with diffuse lung disease. The decreased PCO2 in the airways produced bronchospasm that could be reversed by adding carbon dioxide to the inspired gas. Dyspnea appeared to result from increased work of breathing, in part from hyperventilation and in part from increased resistance to air flow. In some, the postexercise hyperventilation could be related to anxiety over previous chest disease that had been slight and from which they had recovered. Therapy consisting of reassurance and physical training was effective. It is suggested that exerciseinduced asthma is part of the hyperventilation syndrome.
Dietetic Factors in Liver Disease: Part I
Authors: L. J. Witts
Journal: BMJ (1947)

LIVER*Two distinct disorders of the liver have been produced in animals by defective diets.The first is a fatty infiltration of the liver.whichproceeds slowly to cirrhosis of the portal type.The second is acute necrosis, which, if not fatal, is followed by post-necrotic scarring and nodular hyperplasia.The two lesions may sometimes commingle, and not all workers would agree that they can be sharply differentiated.Fatty Infiltration and Cirrhosis of the Liver Soon after insulin was discovered it was observed that pancreatectomized dogs kept alive by diet and insulin tended to develop severe fatty infiltration and eventual cirrhosis of the liver, which could be prevented by feeding them with pancreas.Experiments showed that lecithin also was effective, and likewise choline, which is one of the components of lecithin.The effect of pancreas is probably not entirely explained by lecithin, for pancreas contains another substance called lipocaic, which has an action in discharging fat from the liver.Fatty infiltration and cir- rhosis can also be produced in7 intact animals by giving a high-fat diet, and subsequent work has for convenience been done mostly on small animals such as rats and mice.
Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and the health-related Millennium Development Goals: time for a public health approach
Authors: Erik J Schouten, Andreas Jahn, Dalitso Midiani, Simon D Makombe, Austin Mnthambala, Zengani Chirwa, Anthony D Harries, Joep J van Oosterhout, Tarek Meguid, Anne Ben-Smith, Rony Zachariah, Lutgarde Lynen, Maria Zolfo, Wim Van Damme, Charles F Gilks, Rifat Atun, Mary Shawa, Frank Chimbwandira
Journal: The Lancet (2011)
Abstract 2729: Proteomic analysis reveals a network of inflammatory genes in epidermis associated with skin tumor promotion susceptibility in DBA/2 and C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Jianjun Shen, Erika L. Abel, Penny K. Riggs, Joe M. Angel, John Repass, Sean C. Hensley, Lisa Schroeder, Angelina Traner, Alexander Chau, Michael Ward, O. John Semmes, Maria D. Person, John DiGiovanni
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Genetic susceptibility to two-stage skin carcinogenesis is known to vary significantly among different stocks and strains of mice. In an effort to identify specific protein changes or altered signaling pathways associated with tumor promotion susceptibility by the phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a proteomic approach of two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry was used. In these experiments, we examined epidermal protein lysates and identified proteins that were differentially expressed in epidermis between promotion-sensitive DBA/2 and promotion-resistant C57BL/6 mice following TPA treatment. Among 19 differentially expressed proteins identified using this methodology were two calcium-binding proteins, S100A8 and S100A9. Their differential expression was further examined and validated by one or more of the following methods: i) one-dimensional (1-D) Western blot analysis; ii) 2-D Western blot analysis; iii) immunohistochemical analysis; and iv) quantitative real-time PCR. Further analyses revealed that S100A8 and S100A9 protein levels were also similarly differentially up-regulated in epidermis of DBA/2 vs C57BL/6 mice following topical treatment with two other tumor promoters, okadaic acid and chrysarobin. Pathway analysis of all 19 identified proteins from the present study suggested that S100A8/A9 could be linked to several inflammatory networks. Further analyses revealed significantly increased expression of several inflammation-related genes including TNF-α, NFκB and IL-22 in epidermis of TPA-treated DBA/2 mice. Follow-up studies confirmed that these three inflammation related genes were upregulated in epidermis of TPA-treated DBA/2 mice compared to similarly treated C57BL/6 mice. These data suggest that differential expression of inflammation related genes in epidermis contributes to TPA-induced inflammation and skin tumor promotion susceptibility in DBA/2 mice. Taken together, our present data provide further insight into potential molecular mechanisms for the differential susceptibility of DBA/2 and C57BL/6 mice in terms of both inflammation and skin tumor promotion. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2729. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2729
Reconstruction of Pathways Associated with Amino Acid Metabolism in Human Mitochondria
Authors: Purnima Guda, Chittibabu Guda, Shankar Subramaniam
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2007)

Abstract We have used a bioinformatics approach for the identification and reconstruction of metabolic pathways associated with amino acid metabolism in human mitochondria. Human mitochondrial proteins determined by experimental and computational methods have been superposed on the reference pathways from the KEGG database to identify mitochondrial pathways. Enzymes at the entry and exit points for each reconstructed pathway were identified, and mitochondrial solute carrier proteins were determined where applicable. Intermediate enzymes in the mitochondrial pathways were identified based on the annotations available from public databases, evidence in current literature, or our MITOPRED program, which predicts the mitochondrial localization of proteins. Through integration of the data derived from experimental, bibliographical, and computational sources, we reconstructed the amino acid metabolic pathways in human mitochondria, which could help better understand the mitochondrial metabolism and its role in human health.
Cost-effectiveness of Treatment for Chronic Hepatitis C Infection in an Evolving Patient Population
Authors: Joshua A. Salomon
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Approximately 2.7 million US individuals are chronically infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV). As public health campaigns are pursued, a growing number of treatment candidates are likely to have minimal evidence of liver damage.To examine the clinical benefits and cost-effectiveness of newer treatments for chronic hepatitis C infection in a population of asymptomatic, HCV sero-positive but otherwise healthy individuals.Cost-effectiveness analysis using a Markov model of the natural history of HCV infection and impact of treatment. We used an epidemiologic model to derive a range of natural history parameters that were empirically calibrated to provide a good fit to observed data on both prevalence of HCV seropositivity and time trends in outcomes related to HCV infection.Cohorts of 40-year-old men and women with elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase, positive results on quantitative HCV RNA assays and serologic tests for antibody to HCV, and no histological evidence of fibrosis on liver biopsy.Monotherapy with standard or pegylated interferon alfa-2b; combination therapy with standard or pegylated interferon plus ribavirin.Lifetime costs, life expectancy, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios.The probability of patients with chronic HCV developing cirrhosis over a 30-year period ranged from 13% to 46% for men and from 1% to 29% for women. The incremental cost-effectiveness of combination therapy with pegylated interferon for men ranged from 26 000 dollars to 64 000 dollars per QALY for genotype 1 and from 10 000 dollars to 28 000 dollars per QALY for other genotypes; and for women ranged from 32 000 dollars to 90 000 dollars for genotype 1 and from 12 000 dollars to 42 000 dollars for other genotypes. Because the benefits of treatment were realized largely in the form of improvements in health-related quality of life, rather than prolonged survivorship, cost-effectiveness ratios expressed as dollars per year of life were substantially higher. Results were most sensitive to assumptions about the gains and decrements in health-related quality of life associated with treatment.While newer treatment options for hepatitis C appear to be reasonably cost-effective on average, these results vary widely across different patient subgroups and depend critically on quality-of-life assumptions. As the pool of persons eligible for treatment for HCV infection expands to the more general population, it will be imperative for patients and their physicians to consider these assumptions in making individual-level treatment decisions.
Genomic imprinting as a cause of disease
Authors: J. Clayton-Smith
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Is increasingly recognised, especially after assisted reproduction 

Genomic imprinting, defined as gene expression dependent on the parent of origin,1 has been increasingly recognised over the past decade as a mechanism contributing to human disease. The topic now features as a core part of any genetics curriculum, appears in postgraduate medical examinations, and is a term familiar to many clinicians. Recently abnormalities of genomic imprinting have been discussed in the context of assisted reproductive technologies. So what exactly is genomic imprinting, and how does it occur?

For many years a gene was assumed to have the same function, whether it was inherited from the mother or the father. We now know this is not the case, as the DNA of some genes is modified during gametogenesis and as a result may have altered expression, becoming either inactivated or activated. Genes that are susceptible to parent specific modification in this way (termed epigenetic, because the modification does not entail mutation of the DNA code) are referred to as imprinted genes.2 The mechanism of imprinting is still not entirely clear but in most cases entails the process of methylation, with imprinted genes showing differences in methylation between the …
SUBACUTE BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS TREATED WITH CHLORAMPHENICOL AND OXYTETRACYCLINE
Authors: Guillermo Garrido Lecca
Journal: JAMA (1953)

The use of penicillin has modified considerably the treatment and the end-results of subacute bacterial endocarditis. When the broad spectrum antibiotics came into use, hopes were fulfilled for reducing even further the mortality figures of this malady. Friedberg 1 considered the theoretical possibility that 95% of the cases of endocarditis could be cured. Unfortunately, this has not been the case. 2 There are still more than 5% of cases that must be considered therapeutic failures. On the other hand, the frequency of the disease seems to be decreasing, 3 perhaps due to the widespread use of the antibiotics. One of the reasons for the failures of the new antibiotics in the treatment of subacute bacterial endocarditis seems to be the fact that these drugs are primarily bacteriostatic and not bactericidal. 4 The following report is that of a case of subacute bacterial endocarditis cured by the use of chloramphenicol and