tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Challenge of Depression in Late Life
Authors: Joseph J. Gallo, James C. Coyne
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Need for Improved Surveillance of Occupational Disease and Injury
Authors: Daniel Wolfe
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prevention of doxorubicin cardiac toxicity in the mouse by N-acetylcysteine.
Authors: J H Doroshow, G Y Locker, I Ifrim, C E Myers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of exogenous sulfhydryl compound administration on the toxicity of doxorubicin in mice. Pretreatment of CDF1 mice with a pharmacologic dose (2,000 mg/kg) of n-acetyl-l-cysteine 1 h before doxorubicin (20 mg/kg, i.p.) decreased lethality from 100% (n = 44) to 37.7% (n = 53), P less than 0.001. Variation in the timing and dose of n-acetylcysteine significantly diminished its protective activity. Pretreatment with n-acetylcysteine also significantly reduced long-term mortality in animals receiving multiple doses of doxorubicin; 10 wk after the third of three doxorubicin doses (5 mg/kg, i.p.) administered at 2-wk intervals, survival in the n-acetylcysteine pretreated group was 51.4% (n = 35) compared with 16.7% (n = 30) for animals receiving saline before doxorubicin, P less than 0.01. In this experiment, n-acetylcysteine pretreatment also diminished doxorubicin-related losses in total body weight and heart wet weight by 55.2% (P less than 0.05), and 60.9% (P less than 0.02), respectively, compared with animals pretreated with saline. N-acetylcysteine pretreatment also ablated electron microscopic evidence of doxorubicin cardiomyopathy without alleviating morphological features of its toxic effects on the liver or small intestinal mucosa. The cardioprotective action of n-acetylcysteine may be partially explained by the 429 +/- 60% increase in cardiac nonprotein sulfhydryl content (P less than 0.01) that was measured one hour after n-acetylcysteine administration; nonprotein sulfhydryl concentration in the liver at the same time was insignificantly different from control levels. Treatment with n-acetylcysteine also increased the nonprotein sulfhydryl content of P388 leukemia cells nearly threefold; however, it did not after the chemotherapeutic activity of doxorubicin against this murine tumor. Whereas n-acetylcysteine blocked doxorubicin cardiac toxicity, it did not affect the uptake or metabolism of doxorubicin in the heart or liver. These results suggest that the concentration of free sulfhydryl groups in the heart may play a role in the development of doxorubicin cardiac toxicity and that augmenting cardiac nonprotein sulfhydryl group content with n-acetylcysteine may provide a means to enhance the chemotherapeutic index of doxorubicin.
Prehospital Airway Management for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Tatsuya Norii, Tetsuo Hatanaka
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bacteria and arthritis.
Authors: B Dixon
Journal: BMJ (1990)

The aetiology of rheumatoid arthritis remains unknown" is the bald verdict of Robert Souhami and John Moxham in their immense, comprehensive, and biblical Textbook of Medicine, launched recently by Churchill Livingstone.There follows a very short paragraph headed "Aetiology" with one sentence on the idea that infection is responsible for rheumatoid arthritis and another on the possibility that auto- immunity is to blame.Twelve pages later, not a paragraph but a single sentence tells us that an abnormal response to bacterial infection could be the underlying cause of ankylosing spondylitis.Over the past 25 years I have amassed an astonishing collection of papers and clippings suggesting that this organism or that-from diphtheroid bacilli to Epstein- Barr virus-was about to be incriminated as the agent of rheumatoid arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis.Indeed, as John Mills commented last year in the New England 7ournal of Medicine (1989;320:245-6), many teeth have been extracted and high colonic irrigations and prolonged courses of antibiotics given in the belief that infection is deeply implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic polyarthritis.Yet despite evidence such as the clear association of infection in the genital tract or bowel with Reiter's syndrome (and of course the arthropathies that can accompany rubella, mumps, and other viral conditions) the issue remains madden- ingly confused and certainly unresolved.
GLP-1 receptor stimulation depresses heart rate variability and inhibits neurotransmission to cardiac vagal neurons
Authors: Kathleen J. Griffioen, Ruiqian Wan, Eitan Okun, Xin Wang, Mary Rachael Lovett-Barr, Yazhou Li, Mohamed R. Mughal, David Mendelowitz, Mark P. Mattson
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone released from the gut in response to food intake. Whereas GLP-1 acts in the periphery to inhibit glucagon secretion and stimulate insulin release, it also acts in the central nervous system to mediate autonomic control of feeding, body temperature, and cardiovascular function. Because of its role as an incretin hormone, GLP-1 receptor analogs are used as a treatment for type 2 diabetes. Central or peripheral administration of GLP-1 increases blood pressure and heart rate, possibly by activating brainstem autonomic nuclei and increasing vagus nerve activity. However, the mechanism(s) by which GLP-1 receptor stimulation affects cardiovascular function are unknown. We used the long-lasting GLP-1 receptor agonist Exendin-4 (Ex-4) to test the hypothesis that GLP-1 signalling modulates central parasympathetic control of heart rate. Using a telemetry system, we assessed heart rate in mice during central Ex-4 administration. Heart rate was increased by both acute and chronic central Ex-4 administration. Spectral analysis indicated that the high frequency and low frequency powers of heart rate variability were diminished by Ex-4 treatment. Finally, Ex-4 decreased both excitatory glutamatergic and inhibitory glycinergic neurotransmission to preganglionic parasympathetic cardiac vagal neurons. These data suggest that central GLP-1 receptor stimulation diminishes parasympathetic modulation of the heart thereby increasing heart rate.
Absence of fetal cell microchimerism in cutaneous lesions of lupus erythematosus
Authors: K Khosrotehrani
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

No patient had a history of a male twin or a solid organ transplant at the time of biopsy.SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; CLE, cutaneous lupus erythematosus; DM, dermatomyositis; MF, mycosis fungoides.
WHEN SHOULD CONGENITAL CLEFT PALATE RECEIVE SURGICAL TREATMENT?
Authors: C. S. CASE
Journal: JAMA (1895)

This is a subject upon which there is a decided difference of opinion among eminent specialists who pursue distinct methods of treatment. I believe this to be mainly due to the fact that in the two general classes of treatment for congenital cleft palate, that which relies upon artificial means for its success is performed by the dental profession, while the other, or surgical operation, is confined almost entirely to the medical profession. And as in other instances, when these two professions are called upon to treat the same character of disease or deformity, there has never been in either profession an intimate knowledge of the method of treatment peculiar to the other, or an appreciation of its inestimable advantages in certain conditions. Were the relations of the two professions of a more intimate nature, these things might become so adjusted ethically as to render interference at times by one
The Concept of Psychiatric Disability
Authors: Henry A. Davidson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

THIS is a disability-conscious world. If disability is proved, a patient may enjoy a waiver of premium on insurance. A veteran may collect compensation. An employee may retire on an annuity. A plaintiff may collect money damages. A worker may be excused from an unpleasant or hazardous chore. Disability is a prerequisite to the collection of a variety of public and commercial insurance benefits.In any specialty of medicine or surgery, there may be bitter controversy about the existence or extent of disability in a particular case. But there is seldom disagreement about the fundamental concept. For example, if a . . .
DOES A LOSS OF FUNCTION POLYMORPHISM OF CYP2C19 MODULATE THE INTERACTION BETWEEN CLOPIDOGREL AND PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS? RESULTS OF A PARELLEL CROSSOVER TRIAL
Authors: Srinivas Nadipalli, Sashidar Guthikonda, Timothy R. DelaO, Ali J. Marian, Federico Monzon, Ping Wang, Neal S. Kleiman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Murder in the NHS: Grantham consultants support scapegoat doctors
Authors: C R Birch, J E Carty, D Valerio, B L Kathel, A D Al-Asadi, U D Wijayawardhana, S M O'Riordan, J L Breckenridge, C Onugha, G Batchelor, D Clarke, S Voght, R M Spencer-Gregson, R Husemeyer, V Trinham, S Bradley, P Gibson, C E Cory, C Stark, D Sloan
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Improved purchasing skiUs-The purchasing directorate attracts and employs staff of a higher calibre than we could individually afford to employ as fundholders.In addition, we bring together the skills and breadth of experience of the many general practitioners involved in the purchasing.
A New Angiographic Contrast Medium, Sodium Iothalamate 80%
Authors: John H. Foster, E. W. Winfrey, D. A. Killen, Robert T. Sessions
Journal: JAMA (1962)

A new angiographic contrast medium, sodium iothalamate 80%, has been tested in experimental animals by standardized toxicity tests. The results were compared to results obtained with other currently employed concentrated media. Sodium iothalamate proved least toxic of any medium tested. This new medium has high radiodensity and low viscosity. In 248 clinical angiograms sodium iothalamate proved superior for all uses involving intravascular injection of concentrated contrast media.
Occupational health services.
Authors: A R Broadbent
Journal: BMJ (1972)

This procedure would have two advan- tages.The first is that it would overcome many of the administrative difficulties, both on the ward and in the laboratory, which arise from the necessity of sending a plasma sample and request card to the laboratory on one day and the 24-hour urine sample with a second request card on the following day.If the plasma is taken when the collec- tion is completed, both specimens can be sent with a single request card.The second, perhaps less important, advantage is that with this procedure the change in creatinine clearance will be greater than with the conventional method should the plasma creatinine be rising or falling during the period of the urine collection.For example, if renal function were deteriorating and plasma creatinine rising the creatinine clear- ance would be lower if the plasma is taken at the end of the urine collection than if it is taken in the middle.There is no doubt that clinical biochemistry laboratories would welcome this change in procedure, and it appears to have no clinical disadvantages.-Weare, etc.,
Flock Worker's Lung: Chronic Interstitial Lung Disease in the Nylon Flocking Industry
Authors: David G. Kern
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: Two young men working at a nylon flocking plant in Rhode Island developed interstitial lung disease of unknown cause. Similar clusters at the same company's Canadian plant were reported previously. Objective: To define the extent, clinicopathologic features, and potential causes of the apparent disease outbreak. Design: Case-finding survey and retrospective cohort study. Setting: Academic occupational medicine program. Patients: All workers employed at the Rhode Island plant on or after 15 June 1990. Measurements: Symptomatic employees had chest radiography, pulmonary function tests, high-resolution computed tomography, and serologic testing. Those with unexplained radiographic or pulmonary function abnormalities underwent bronchoalveolar lavage, lung biopsy, or both. The case definition of “flock worker's lung” required histologic evidence of interstitial lung disease (or lavage evidence of lung inflammation) not explained by another condition. Results: Eight cases of flock worker's lung were identified at the Rhode Island plant. Three cases were characterized by a high proportion of eosinophils (25% to 40%) in lavage fluid. Six of the seven patients who had biopsy had histologic findings of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, and the seventh had bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. All seven of these patients had peribronchovascular interstitial lymphoid nodules, usually with germinal centers, and most had lymphocytic bronchiolitis and interstitial fibrosis. All improved after leaving work. Review of the Canadian tissue specimens showed many similar histologic findings. Among the 165-member study cohort, a 48-fold or greater increase was seen in the sex-adjusted incidence rate of all interstitial lung disease. Conclusions: Work in the nylon flocking industry poses substantial risk for a previously unrecognized occupational interstitial lung disease. Nylon fiber is the suspected cause of this condition.
Release of leukotriene C4 by isolated, perfused rat small intestine in response to platelet-activating factor.
Authors: W Hsueh, F Gonzalez-Crussi, J L Arroyave
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

We reported a rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis by injecting platelet-activating factor (PAF) into the mesenteric vascular bed, and suggested that leukotrienes (LT) are secondary mediators. The present study, using isolated, buffer-perfused rat small intestine, shows: Isolated, perfused small intestine synthesizes LTs in response to PAF. Leukotriene C4 (LTC4) was the predominant LT released. The initial vasoconstriction after PAF injection was due to a transient release of LTC4 since FPL 55712 pretreatment abolished the vasoconstriction. The sustained rise in perfusion pressure was also blocked by FPL 55712, which suggests that other vasoconstrictors released are regulated by LTs. The vasoconstrictor(s) responsible for sustained rise in perfusion pressure is unknown, but is not thromboxane. Most of the LT was released from intestinal tissue rather than mesenteric arteries. Vasodilating prostaglandins (PGs) were also released, probably secondary to LTs. The complex interaction of these lipid mediators (PAF, LTs, and PGs) and their subtle balance may affect the course of the disease.
Cholecystitis as the presenting manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Stuart H. Bloom, James E. Coad, Edward W. Greeno, Aneel A. Ashrani, Dale E. Hammerschmidt
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

Abstract We report a case of acute leukemia, which presented as cholecystitis in a previously healthy middle‐aged adult. Leukemic involvement of the gastrointestinal tract is a well‐known clinicopathological entity. However, leukemic infiltration of the gall bladder wall is a rare occurrence. It has only been previously described in the setting of relapsed disease and, to our knowledge, has never been reported as the primary manifestation of de novo acute leukemia. The patient in question was treated with standard induction and consolidation chemotherapy and remains in complete remission 19 months after his presentation with symptoms consistent with cholecystitis. Am. J. Hematol. 70:254–256, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mortality from myocardial infarction in different types of hospitals.
Authors: R Reznik, I Ring, P Fletcher, G Berry
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Hospitals ranging from large urban teaching hospitals to small country hospitals were stratified into four levels of care and examined for their effectiveness of coronary care in relation to these levels. The crude hospital mortality among 2265 patients admitted for definite or possible acute myocardial infarction was 21% at level 1 (the most elaborate level), 22% at level 2, 21% at level 3, and 19% at level 4 (the least elaborate). Adjustment for age or other prognostic factors produced no significant differences across levels either for coronary care unit care or for combined coronary unit and ward care. Success in resuscitation was also similar across levels. These findings suggest that increased resources for coronary care units--whether for new services or for upgrading existing ones--may not be required.
Blood base changes after secretion of bicarbonate by pancreas.
Authors: J. L. Anderton, N. D. Finlayson, I. M. Murray-Lyon, A. F. Smith, D. J. Shearman
Journal: BMJ (1968)

sant (Peck and Meltzer, 1916) it blocks transmission of neuromuscular impulses (Engbaek, 1952).This was demonstrated by the inability of our patients to maintain the erect position. SummarySix patients were accidentally dialysed against a dialysate containing an excessive amount of magnesium (15 mEq/l.).Symptoms occurred of blurring of vision, flushing of the face, weakness, and inability to stand.The high level of magnesium in the serum interfered with the usual laboratory method of serum calcium estimation, causing a false end-point to be observed.The hypermagnesaemia was rapidly reversed by haemodialysis against a known normal dialysate fluid.
Identification of patients with ventricular tachycardia after myocardial infarction: signal-averaged electrocardiogram, Holter monitoring, and cardiac catheterization.
Authors: M S Kanovsky, R A Falcone, C A Dresden, M E Josephson, M B Simson
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Electrocardiographic signal averaging techniques have demonstrated a low-amplitude late potential and a long filtered QRS complex in patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT) after myocardial infarction. Complex ventricular ectopy and left ventricular aneurysms have also been associated with VT. The purposes of this study were (1) to determine whether the findings from the signal-averaged electrocardiogram (ECG) were independent of those from Holter monitoring and cardiac catheterization and (2) to determine the combination of findings from the signal-averaged ECG, cardiac catheterization, and Holter monitoring that best characterize patients with VT after myocardial infarction. We studied 174 patients after myocardial infarction, 98 of whom had recurrent sustained VT. By multivariate logistic regression only three parameters were found to be independently significant, listed in order of power: positive signal-averaged ECG (presence of a late potential or a long filtered QRS duration), peak premature ventricular contraction greater than 100/hr, and presence of a left ventricular aneurysm (p less than .001). The signal-averaged ECG provides independent information in identifying patients with VT after myocardial infarction.