tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Receptor Conversion in Breast Cancer Metastases.
Authors: L. Hoefnagel, E. van der Wall, M. van de Vijver, P. van Diest
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Since breast cancer metastases are not usually biopsied due to their often inaccessible locations, choice of systemic treatment for metastatic breast cancer is usually based on tissue characteristics of the primary tumor, as determined by immunohistochemistry. However, pilot studies have shown that the immunophenotype of breast cancer metastases may be different from that of the primary tumor (“receptor conversion”). This means that many metastatic patients may not get the appropriate systemic treatment. The pilot studies published so far are however small and methodologically suboptimal as original staining data of the primary tumors were often used, and decalcified bone metastases were included that may give rise to false negative immunohistochemistry. Therefore, definite conclusions that may chance clinical practice could not be drawn. The aim of this study was therefore to study receptor conversion for ERα, PR, and HER2 in a large group of (non-bone) breast cancer metastases, restaining all primary tumors and metastases with current optimal immuno-histochemical methods.Methods: A group of 150 distant breast cancer metastases from different distant sites (79 skin, 33 liver, 22 lung, and 16 brain) was immunohistochemically stained for ERα, PR, and HER2, and receptor expression was compared to that of the primary tumor.Results: Receptor conversion for ERα, PR and HER2 occurred in 6%, 27.4% and 2.7% of the 150 patients, respectively. Conversion was mainly from positive to negative for ER and PR, and from negative to positive for HER2. Receptor conversion seemed to occur especially in liver metastases (ER 9.1%, PR 36.4%, HER2 6.1%) while brain metastases showed no conversion for ER and HER2.Conclusion: Receptor conversion in breast cancer metastases indeed occurs, is rare for ER and HER2, but is more frequent for PR, and may be most outspoken in liver metastases. This underlines the importance of having breast cancer metastases frequently biopsied when possible. Alternatively, molecular imaging strategies are warranted for sites that are difficult to biopsy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 4145.
Rho directs activation-associated changes in rat hepatic stellate cell morphology via regulation of the actin cytoskeleton
Authors: Hal F. Yee
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Hepatic stellate cell activation, thought to play a key role in fibrosis of the liver, is characterized by changes in cellular morphology. The intracellular signals regulating morphological alterations associated with stellate cell activation are uncertain. The ras-like guanosine triphosphate-binding protein, rho, has recently emerged as an important regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, and consequently cell morphology. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that rho signaling pathways direct activation-associated morphological changes in stellate cells by regulating the actin cytoskeleton. The morphology and actin cytoskeleton of primary rat hepatic stellate cells were studied with phase contrast, differential interference contrast, and epifluorescence microscopy. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblot analysis were used to examine rho expression and activity, respectively. Quiescent and activated stellate cells were investigated in the absence and presence of C3 transferase, a bacterial toxin that specifically inhibits rho. Stellate cell activation was characterized by the development of prominent intracellular fibers, and the loss of dendrite-like processes and perinuclear retinoid droplets. Moreover, activation was accompanied by the formation of prominent actin stress fibers and focal adhesions. Both rho expression and activity were demonstrated in stellate cells. C3 transferase blocked and reversed, both activation-associated morphological alterations and activation-associated changes in the actin cytoskeleton, in quiescent and activated stellate cells, respectively. These results indicate that rho directs activation-associated changes in rat hepatic stellate cell morphology via regulation of the actin cytoskeleton.
Prognostic Factor Analysis of Vitrectomy for Retinal Detachment Associated with Myopic Macular Holes
Authors: Laurence Shen Lim, Andrew Tsai, Doric Wong, Edmund Wong, Ian Yeo, Boon Kwang Loh, Chong Lye Ang, Sze Guan Ong, Shu Yen Lee
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
Hysterical (So-Called) and Functional Deafness
Authors: W. B. Dalby
Journal: BMJ (1895)

1. The pharmacological actions of the phosphorus and arsenic analogues of acetylcholine, acetylphosphocholine and acetylarsenocholine, are qualitatively identical with those of acetylcholine. 2. On the blood pressure of the pithed cat, on the frog9s heart and on the rabbit9s intestine, acetylphosphocholine shows approximately 8 per cent and acetylarsenocholine slightly more than 1 per cent of the activity of acetylcholine. 3. On the turtle9s heart, the phosphorus analogue shows approximately 5.7 per cent and the arsenic analogue about 0.7 per cent of the activity of acetylcholine, while on the frog9s rectus abdominis acetylphosphocholine shows approximately 15.8 per cent and acetylarsenocholine about 2.7 per cent of the activity of acetylcholine. 4. It is suggested that the manner in which acetylcholine and its analogues react with cells or the effect of the reaction products formed, is different in the case of the frog9s rectus abdominis and the turtle9s auricle from the mechanism of action on the frog9s heart, rabbit9s intestine and cat9s blood pressure.
Technetium-99m DMSA Imaging and the Obstructed Kidney
Authors: AMNON PIEPSZ, HAMPHREY R. HAM, JAN H. ROLAND, JEAN-LOUIS FROIDEVILLE, JACQUES KINTHAERT, MICHELE HALL, MICHELLE VERBOVEN, FRANK COLLIER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Although several authors have claimed that the function of an obstructed kidney could be overestimated on Tc-99m DMSA imaging, the clinical importance of such an overestimation has not been well documented. Partial obstruction of one ureter was created in a rat, and a relative Tc-99m DMSA uptake was obtained 4 hours after intravenous injection. By puncture of the isolated obstructed kidney, it was shown that the function of that kidney was overestimated by at least 17%.
An open-label, pilot study of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and alemtuzumab in relapsed/refractory patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Marco Montillo, Alessandra Tedeschi, Valeria Belsito Petrizzi, Francesca Ricci, Monica Crugnola, Mauro Spriano, Pierangelo Spedini, Fiorella Ilariucci, Lilj Uziel, Immacolata Attolico, Eleonora Vismara, Angelo De Blasio, Alfonso Zaccaria, Enrica Morra
Journal: Blood (2011)

Although combination regimens have improved outcomes over monotherapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), patients eventually relapse. Combined fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and monoclonal anti-CD52 antibody alemtuzumab (FCC) provided synergistic cytotoxicity with effective clearing of minimal residual disease. This phase 2 study determined FCC efficacy and safety in relapsed/refractory CD52(+) B-CLL after ≥ 1 line of treatment. From January 2005 through June 2008, up to 6 courses of oral fludarabine 40 mg/m² per day, oral cyclophosphamide 250 mg/m² per day, and subcutaneous alemtuzumab (Mab-Campath) 10 mg (increased to 20 mg after first 10-patient cohort) were administered days 1 to 3 every 28 days. The primary objective was overall response rate (ORR); secondary objectives included response duration, time to disease progression, and safety and tolerability. ORR was 67% in 43 patients; 30% achieved complete response. ORR significantly improved with 1 versus ≥ 2 prior therapies (P = .018), and without versus with previous monoclonal antibody treatment (P = .003). Median progression-free survival was 24.4 months, not reached in patients achieving complete response. Median overall survival was 33.6 months. Myelosuppression was the most common adverse event, with a low percentage of cytomegalovirus reactivations and manageable infections. However, close vigilance of opportunistic infections is warranted. FCC provides effective immunotherapy in relapsed/refractory CLL, including in patients with poor-risk prognostic factors.
Resident-Matching Programs
Authors: Carl H. Slater
Journal: JAMA (1969)

In recent years, medical students and educators have been interested in obtaining, within a specialty, a uniform appointment date for first-year residents. The purpose is to allow the student of medicine time enough to select wisely his field of graduate medical education and seek intelligently what would be for him the "best" graduate program. In seeking mechanisms for implementing this uniform appointment date, most of the specialty groups have discussed the advantages and disadvantages of resident matching; only two have actually tested the idea. Resident matching as discussed in this paper refers only to the appointment of<i>first-year</i>residents. The Student American Medical Association, after having examined the various mechanisms which might be employed to implement uniform appointment dates, voted at their 1968 House of Delegates meeting to seek the implementation of additional resident-matching programs. The decision was prompted by the dual realization that the applicants are the primary beneficiaries
Acute Effects of Exercise on Cognition in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: CHARLES F. EMERY, VANESSA J. HONN, DAVID J. FRID, KIM R. LEBOWITZ, PHILIP T. DIAZ
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Prior data indicate positive effects of long-term exercise interventions for cognitive functioning among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but no prior studies have examined acute effects of individual bouts of exercise among patients with COPD. This study evaluated acute effects of exercise on cognitive performance in a community-based sample of patients with COPD and a healthy control group, matched by age, sex, and education. Twenty-nine older adults with COPD (mean age = 67.8 yr [ ± 7.4]; range: 56–85; 17 women) and 29 matched healthy control subjects (mean age = 68.7 yr [ ± 6.0] ) were recruited from the community. All participants completed a 20-min exercise session in which they exercised to a peak level and a video control condition in which they were provided information about exercise and cholesterol. Conditions were separated by a 1-wk interval, and order of participation in conditions was randomly assigned. Assessments of cognitive performance (Trail Making Test, Digit Symbol, Verbal Fluency, Digit Span, Finger Tapping) were administered before and after each condition (exercise and video). Among patients with COPD, acute exercise was associated with improved performance on the Verbal Fluency test, a measure of verbal processing, suggesting that acute exercise may benefit aspects of cognitive performance among patients with COPD.
The Politics of Polio in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Huan J. Chang
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Paget's disease of bone.
Authors: S H Ralston
Journal: BMJ (1993)

organised jointly by the departments of surgery and of anatomy and developmental biology.The course is aimed at trainees from all surgical specialties.A third of the course will be taught and will provide an overview of the "new biology," with the aim of improving the level of scientific appreciation in surgery.The remainder of the course will be a research project done at the bench.Projects are offered in a wide range of science laboratories in the university and medical school.The Association of Professors of Surgery has advised that every surgical trainee should undertake a period of full time research training, but it must be borne in mind that most surgeons will not subsequently perform laboratory research.This course offers an MSc in surgical science, and those with a primary motivation towards an academic career will be able to proceed to PhD registration.It is hoped that this type of programme will answer many of the criticisms of ill conceived and piecemeal research and provide a model for surgical training in the future.
Drinking to excess in Scotland can cost as little as 63p a day
Authors: B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Men in Scotland can spend as little as £4.40 (€5.21; $6.75) a week to buy enough alcohol to drink in excess of recommended limits, new research has discovered. For women, the cost is even less at £3.

More than half of all alcohol sold in supermarkets and off licences costs less than 40p a unit, adding to concern that cheap alcohol is damaging health by fuelling an epidemic of overconsumption.

NHS Health Scotland has also found that people in Scotland buy 24% more alcohol per year than those in …
Cerebral palsy: our moment of truth
Authors: S. Macdonald
Journal: BMJ (1995)

It's the biggest gamble of your life. Pregnancy. Although it is usually a nine month period of happy anticipation, few parents would deny the presence of an accompanying undercurrent of anxiety. Handicap, disability, developmental problems; however hard we try to couch the term in pretty language, the possibility of a cruel accident of nature is always there.

Yet the discovery that our son, Dominic, had cerebral palsy was not the momentous crisis that we might have expected. It was more a gradual, aching realisation that something was amiss as events unfolded over the first difficult months of his life. When the diagnosis was made after 16 months of hospital visits and investigations we knew that it was at last time to accept the inevitable and put aside our irrational hopes that Dominic's problems would miraculously disappear. We had to go through the questioning, “Why Dominic?” and the mourning for the normality that had disappeared from our lives. Equally though, it was time to give positive thought to providing the best possible quality of life for our precious son and to consider the impact on our marriage, our older son, Edward, and our everyday routines. It was also time to break the news to others.

To my astonishment, my husband Alex, normally the sociable, rugby playing general practitioner, who had spent so many professional hours breaking bad news and picking up the pieces, …
Use of a novel colony assay to evaluate the cytotoxicity of an immunotoxin containing pokeweed antiviral protein against blast progenitor cells freshly obtained from patients with common B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Authors: F M Uckun, K J Gajl-Peczalska, J H Kersey, L L Houston, D A Vallera
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

We report a novel colony assay for B-lineage progenitor cells in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The primary plating efficiency of blast progenitors freshly obtained from common B-lineage ALL patients varied between 0.09 and 2.63%. Morphological, cytochemical, and immunological analyses of cells from day 7 colonies provided the evidence that they are B-lineage lymphoblasts. Immunological marker analyses of cultured blasts using BA-2 (anti-CD9), BA-3 (anti-CD10), BA-1 (anti-CD24), and B43 mAb have allowed us to define two distinct immunological groups. The first group had BA-2+, BA-3+, BA-1+, B43+ marker profiles, consistent with the phenotype of uncultured bone marrow blasts. The second group differed in that the cells in the blast colonies were BA-3 (anti-CD10)-negative, although many of the cells in the bulk population were BA-3+ before culture. Blasts from both groups were able to proliferate and form secondary colonies when recultured. A pan-B immunotoxin was synthesized by linking B43, a human B cell-specific mAb, to pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP). This study showed that B43-PAP can effectively eradicate leukemic progenitor cells freshly obtained from patients with common B-lineage ALL. B43-PAP eliminated greater than 99.96% of blast progenitors under conditions in which only minimal inhibition of normal bone marrow progenitor cells (CFU-GM, CFU-E, CFU-MK, CFU-GEMM) was observed. Our results establish that the surface determinant recognized by B43 is expressed on B-lineage progenitor cells in ALL, and that these cells are sensitive to PAP at the ribosomal level. To our knowledge, B43-PAP is the first IT to prove effective against common B-lineage ALL cells.
Effect of the pollen season on nasal mast cells.
Authors: M Viegas, E Gomez, J Brooks, D Gatland, R J Davies
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Etude sur 7 malades atteints de rhinite allergique. Le nombre et la proportion de mastocytes au niveau de la muqueuse nasale sont tres fortement augmentes (multiplies par 8) pendant la saison du pollen. Un traitement qui reduirait cette augmentation pourrait etre efficace
Increased intestinal permeability and tight junction alterations in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Luca Miele, Venanzio Valenza, Giuseppe La Torre, Massimo Montalto, Giovanni Cammarota, Riccardo Ricci, Roberta Mascianà, Alessandra Forgione, Maria L. Gabrieli, Germano Perotti, Fabio M. Vecchio, Gianlodovico Rapaccini, Giovanni Gasbarrini, Chris P. Day, Antonio Grieco
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

The role played by the gut in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is still a matter of debate, although animal and human studies suggest that gut-derived endotoxin may be important. We investigated intestinal permeability in patients with NAFLD and evaluated the correlations between this phenomenon and the stage of the disease, the integrity of tight junctions within the small intestine, and prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). We examined 35 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD, 27 with untreated celiac disease (as a model of intestinal hyperpermeability) and 24 healthy volunteers. We assessed the presence of SIBO by glucose breath testing (GBT), intestinal permeability by means of urinary excretion of 51Cr-ethylene diamine tetraacetate (51Cr-EDTA) test, and the integrity of tight junctions within the gut by immunohistochemical analysis of zona occludens-1 (ZO-1) expression in duodenal biopsy specimens. Patients with NAFLD had significantly increased gut permeability (compared with healthy subjects; P < 0.001) and a higher prevalence of SIBO, although both were lower than in the untreated celiac patients. In patients with NAFLD, both gut permeability and the prevalence of SIBO correlated with the severity of steatosis but not with presence of NASH. Conclusions: Our results provide the first evidence that NAFLD in humans is associated with increased gut permeability and that this abnormality is related to the increased prevalence of SIBO in these patients. The increased permeability appears to be caused by disruption of intercellular tight junctions in the intestine, and it may play an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatic fat deposition. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.)
Case presented does not wash
Authors: Michael R Chester
Journal: BMJ (2007)

COURAGE comes hard on the heels of a recent cost effectiveness analysis that showed that the huge costs of angioplasty compared with medical treatment could not be justified.1 2 The study confirms that angioplasty does not improve prognosis in patients with stable angina, and this should clarify a common misunderstanding in the minds of commissioners and patients.3

Thomas (previous letter) says …
Microbial Antigen Sensitization and Colitis in Chronic Granulomatous Disease and Hyper IgE Syndrome
Authors: J.E. Yu, S.S. DeRavin, G. Uzel, L.F. Mayer, S.R. Targan, H.L. Malech, S.M. Holland, C. Cunningham-Rundles
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
ON THE TREATMENT OF OBESITY.
Authors: HEINRICH STERN
Journal: JAMA (1902)

A rational therapy of polysarcia is only possible on the basis of a more precise differentiation between the principal types or degrees of this metabolic anomaly. A number of authors have attempted to distinguish between the forms of corpulency. The classification of Immermann<sup>1</sup>into the plethoric and the anemic types, partly on account of a certain clinical justification, but mostly on account of its adoption by Oertel,<sup>2</sup>is the best known and enjoys universal acceptance by later writers on the subject. This differentiation, however, is one of degree more than of character, and, in advanced cases of obesity when pronounced degenerative changes have taken place, the one type can not be distinguished from the other. Guided by the external appearance, Immermann assigns the cases to one of the two categories: 1, to the plethoric group he refers the instances occurring in the robust; 2, to the anemic class,
Efficacy of dopamine, dobutamine, and epinephrine during emergence from cardiopulmonary bypass in man.
Authors: P A Steen, J H Tinker, J R Pluth, D A Barnh;rst, S Tarhan
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Hemodynamic effects of dobutamine and dopamine (both 5, 10, 15 microgram/kg/min) and epinephrine (0.04 microgram/kg/min) were studied immediately following cessation of cardiopulmonary bypass in 34 patients with preoperative evidence of left ventricular dysfunction. Significant increases in mean cardiac index were seen with dobutamine (15, 25, and 26% respectively), and epinephrine (30%). The largest increases occurred with dopamine (44, 53, and 64 percent respectively). Responses varied from patient to patient, however. Seven patients developed marked output increases without concomitant increases in arterial pressure, whereas seven others showed "satisfying" increases in arterial pressure without appreciable output increases. Heart rate increases were small and few arrhythmias were noted. We conclude that dopamine, epinephrine, and dobutamine all are effective inotropic agents during the immediate post-bypass period, with variations discussed in detail. None possess the disturbing chronotropic and arrhythmogenic effects of isoproterenol (previously studied). Efficacy of administration of inotropic drugs seems best assessed by serial output measurements during this period.
PRACTICAL ADVANTAGES OF THE TOGGLESQUEEZE HEMOSTATIC FORCEPS
Authors: D. M. Littlejohn
Journal: JAMA (1930)

The handles of hemostatic forceps during major operations have a tendency to stick up in the way and become entangled in the suture material being used. The togglesqueeze hemostatic forceps eliminate to a large extent these operative handicaps, as they lie flat when in use and at right angles with the incision.  Most, if not all, forceps that are now on the market are constructed so that they act on the scissors principle. It is evident, therefore, that the jaws of these instruments operate on the same plane with that of the handles, making it impossible to grasp the peritoneum in abdominal operations without leaving the instrument parallel to, or the handles at a right angle with, the body surface. In either case the operator is materially impeded in his work.  The togglesqueeze forceps are so constructed that the opposing jaws are at right angles with the handles and operate