tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
DIVERGENT EFFECTS OF VASODILATORS ON CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY AND INFLAMMATION IN A MURINE MODEL OF DIABETIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Kevin D. O'Brien, Warangkana Pichaiwong, Jinkyu Kim, Antonio Haw, Bardia Askari, Tomasz Wietecha, Kelly Hudkins-Loya, Charles E. Alpers
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
The creatinine approach to estimate skeletal muscle mass in patients with cirrhosis
Authors: M Pirlich, O Selberg, K Boker, M Schwarze, M J Muller
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The creatinine–method to estimate muscle mass is frequently used in clinical studies, although the validity of this approach is uncertain in patients with cirrhosis. In this study 102 patients with cirrhosis differing in cause, clinical state, liver, and renal function were investigated to determine whether reduced liver or renal function may explain in part the low levels of urinary creatinine excretion frequently observed in these patients. Muscle mass assessed by 24–hour urinary creatinine excretion was compared with anthropometrically obtained muscle mass calculated from arm muscle area (AMA), and with body cell mass (BCM) estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis and total body potassium counting. In cirrhosis, the 24–hour urinary creatinine excretion was 10.4% and AMA was 19% lower than predicted values. The differences between the results obtained by different methods did not show any relation to parameters of liver function (ICG– t½, caffeine–t½, MEGX–test, cholinesterase) or the severity of liver disease (i.e., Child–Pugh score). In contrast, renal function was strongly correlated with the differences between creatinine– and anthropometric–muscle mass (r = .64, P &lt; .001). At the same time, patients with normal renal function (62% of the whole population) had significantly higher creatinine (29.1 ± 8.5 vs. 15.8 ± 6 kg, P &lt; .001) and anthropometric–muscle mass (22.4 ± 6 vs. 17.9 ± 5.3 kg; P &lt; .01) than patients with reduced renal function (38% of the patients). In addition, significantly higher differences between measured and predicted values of urinary creatinine excretion (–0.389 ± 0.33 vs. 0.06 ± 0.31 g/24 h; P &lt; .001) and of AMA (13.2 ± 12 vs. 7.2 ± 12 cm2; P &lt; .03) were found in the subgroup with impaired renal function. In conclusion, renal dysfunction but not reduced liver function systematically affects the urinary creatinine method for the estimation of skeletal muscle mass in cirrhosis.
Cancer Statistics, 2002
Authors: A. Jemal, A. Thomas, T. Murray, M. Thun
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2002)

Every year the American Cancer Society estimates the number of new cancer cases and deaths expected in the United States in the current year and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival, using National Cancer Institute (NCI) incidence and National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) mortality data. Incidence and death rates are age adjusted to the 1970 US standard population. It is estimated that 1,284,900 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed and 555,500 people will die from cancer in the United States in the year 2002. From 1992 to 1998, cancer death rates declined in males and females, while cancer incidence rates decreased among males and increased slightly among females. Most notably, African-American men showed the largest decline for both incidence and mortality. Nevertheless, African Americans still carry the highest burden of cancer with later-stage cancer diagnosis and poorer survival compared with whites. Despite the continued decline in cancer death rates, the total number of recorded cancer deaths in the United States continues to increase slightly due to the aging and expanding population.
Portrait of Constance Pipelet (Later Constance de Salm-Dyck)
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Adenovirus-mediated FLT1-targeted proapoptotic gene therapy of human prostate cancer
Authors: Sergey A. Kaliberov, Lyudmila N. Kaliberova, Cecil R. Stockard, William E. Grizzle, Donald J. Buchsbaum
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL/Apo2L) is of particular interest in the development of prostate carcinoma therapeutics as it preferentially induces apoptosis of tumor cells. To employ adenoviral vectors for highly efficient and specific TRAIL gene transfer into cancer cells could overcome some potential problems for recombinant TRAIL. The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor FLT-1 is involved in regulation of angiogenesis and tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis of prostate carcinoma. FLT-1 expression is observed in both tumor endothelial cells and prostate cancer cells. We developed an adenoviral vector encoding the TRAIL gene under control of the FLT1 promoter (AdFlt-TRAIL), which produced endothelial and prostate cancer cell death. The combination of ionizing radiation and adenovirus-driven TRAIL expression overcame human prostate cancer cell resistance to TRAIL. Furthermore, in vivo administration of AdFlt-TRAIL at the site of tumor growth in combination with radiation treatment produced significant suppression of the growth of DU145 human prostate tumor xenografts in athymic nude mice. Our results suggest that specific TRAIL delivery employing the FLT1 promoter can effectively inhibit tumor growth and demonstrate the advantage of combination radiotherapy and gene therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer.
The Doctor's Dilemma
Authors: Iain McClure
Journal: BMJ (2007)

George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950), Irish dramatist, arts critic, socialist thinker, and winner of the Nobel prize for Literature in 1925, had a bit of a problem with doctors. By the turn of the 20th century he had formed the opinion that the medical profession was in a terminal state, requiring urgent and heroic intervention. Shaw, one of the greatest British dramatists since Shakespeare, was quite happy to make the first of several subsequent incisions.

As a founding member of the Fabian movement in 1884, Shaw had set out to transform society by means of a “permeation” (to quote his fellow socialist pioneer Sidney …
Clinical Registries and Confidentiality
Authors: MARTIN G. ROSENBLATT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Comments1 March 1974Clinical Registries and ConfidentialityMARTIN G. ROSENBLATT, M.D.MARTIN G. ROSENBLATT, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-80-3-420 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Recently in these columns Dr. Belding Scribner has called for a national registry on hemodialysis patients. The Goleta, California, conference of nephrologists in 1971 made a similar plea, and in 1973 a National Kidney Foundation position paper recommended such a registry. This latter paper went so far as to propose forcibly extracting the information by making recertification of, and reimbursement to, dialysis units contingent on receipt of the information. Recently I reviewed in some detail the form for recording this information that is currently used in some dialysis units in California. I was appalled at the detail... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MARTIN G. ROSENBLATT, M.D.Affiliations: 2080 Century Park East Suite 907 Los Angeles, California 90067 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1974Volume 80, Issue 3Page: 420-420KeywordsInformation retrievalKidneysMedical dialysis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1974 PDF downloadLoading ...
Portal Shunt Scintigraphy (PSS) in the Evaluation of Patients Suspected of Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Authors: Asae Nozawa, Frank J. Miller, Ali Hosseini Rivandi, Carl K. Hoh
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Vascular malformations of the liver in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia may develop high output cardiac failure. Currently, the treatment for refractory hepatic vascular shunts includes hepatic artery embolization. However, hepatic or biliary necrosis may occur if inadequate portal blood flow supplies the liver. In this study, we applied noninvasive portal shunt scintigraphy to determine the portal shunt index for their evaluation. We present a case of the patient with a high PSI value and another case with a normal PSI value (<10%).
Distribution of Myocardial Blood Flow in the Rat
Authors: EDWARD J. HERSHGOLD, SHELDON H. STEINER, LEO A. SAPIRSTEIN
Journal: Circulation Research (1959)

Rubidium S6 distribution was used to estimate the distribution of myocardial blood flow in albino rats. The results indicate that the perfusion rates of the left ventricle, apex and interventricular septum are all substantially identical, averaging 2.6 to 2.9 ml./Gm. of tissue/min. The value for the right ventricle is 3.2 ml./Gm./min. The implications of these findings for the measurement of coronary blood flow by the nitrous oxide method are discussed.
The Management of Hyperlipoproteinemia
Authors: David D. Norenberg
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The proposition from the National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference<sup>1</sup>that one of every ten American adults should be given drug therapy to lower blood cholesterol levels is staggering and warrants further comment. In their "An Approach to the Management of Hyperlipoproteinemia,"<sup>2</sup>Hoeg et al also recommended drug treatment for persons in the top tenth percentile and referred to the Coronary Drug Project as supporting the use of niacin. Challenged that no prospective drug trial has yet shown lower coronary mortality in the treatment group<sup>3</sup>— including the Coronary Drug Project— these advocates cited a follow-up study by Canner that might suggest a late beneficial effect of niacin.<sup>4</sup>
Identification of glucagon in the gastrointestinal tract.
Authors: H Sasaki, B Rubalcava, D Baetens, E Blazquez, C B Srikant, L Orci, R H Unger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

Gel filtration studies on Bio-Gel P-10 columns of a 50-fold purified porcine duodenal extract revealed a main peak of glucagon-like immunoreactivity (GLI) in the 2,900 mol wt zone and a smaller peak in the 3,500 mol wt zone, the same zone as the pancreatic glucagon marker. Like pancreatic glucagon, samples of 3,500 mol wt material gave essentially identical measurements in radioimmunoassays employing the pancreatic glucagon-specific antiserum 30K and the GLI crossreacting antiserum 78J, whereas the 2,900 mol wt peptide gave 60-fold higher readings in the 78J assay. On disk gel electrophoresis, the 3,500 mol wt fraction, like pancreatic glucagon, migrated at pH 8.3, whereas the 2,900 mol wt peptide remained at the origin; at pH 4.7, the 2,900 mol wt peptide migrated while the 3,500 mol wt immunoreactive peptide and glucagon remained at the origin. Isoelectric focusing revealed the 3,500 mol wt moiety to have an isoelectric point (pI) of 6.2, the same as pancreatic glucagon, whereas the 2,900 mol wt peptide had an pI greater than 10. The glycogenolytic activity of the 3,500 mol wt peptide in the perfused rat liver did not differ significantly from glucagon, and its adenylate cyclase stimulating activity in partially purified liver cell membranes was comparable to that of glucagon; the 2,900 mol wt peptide had less than 20% of these activities. In samples of 3,500 mol wt material subjected to isoelectric focusing, adenylate cyclase-stimulating activity was confirmed to fractions containing 30K immunoreactivity with a pI of 6.2. In samples of 2,900 mol wt material subjected to isoelectric focusing, adenylate cyclase-stimulating activity was confined to fractions containing 78J immunoreactivity with an pI greater than 10. Displacement of [125-I]glucagon from the membranes was limited to these two biologically active fractions. However, the affinity of both pancreatic glucagon and the 3,500 mol wt peptide was an order of magnitude greater than of the 2,900 mol wt peptide. Thus, by all of several biologic, physiocochemical, and immunometric techniques, the 3,500 mol wt gut immunoreactive peptide could not be distinguished from pancreatic glucagon, while the 2,900 mol wt peptide was readily differentiated by all these techniques. "True" A-cells, ultrastructurally indistinguishable from pancreatic A-cells but differing from the A-like cells of the lower bowel, were identified in the gastric fundus of dogs. Their distribution corresponded to that of the 3,500 mol wt immunoreactivity resembling pancreatic glucagon, while the distribution of "A-like cells" in the lower small intestine corresponded to that of GLI.
1094-151 Association between F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in large arteries and atherogenic risk factors in healthy subjects
Authors: Rikiya Shinohe, Katsuya Yoshida, Masako Haruta, Youichi Kuwabara, Issei Komuro, Keiichi Igarashi, Nobuhiko Abe, Sadayuki Sakuma
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Paul Ehrlich: Scientist for Life
Authors: Harold C. Neu
Journal: JAMA (1985)

It indeed is a pleasure to read the life of Paul Ehrlich. Ehrlich, the founder of chemotherapy in the early 1900s, just before World War I, set out its principles and set goals for the medicinal chemist and the chemotherapist that remain even today. Indeed, the theories set forth by Ehrlich of selective drug action have been little improved on in the last 70 some years. It is intriguing that this man, who wrote at a time when there was no exact knowledge of chemoreceptors, of poisoning of biochemical systems, or even of the precise nature of microorganisms, could have so clearly understood the principles that we use today to define in chemical terms specific chemoreceptors and the molecular reactions by which chemotherapeutic agents destroy bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Baumler's biography of Ehrlich begins in a classic manner, reviewing for us the family life, early education, and research of
Aptamer Against Mannose-capped Lipoarabinomannan Inhibits Virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Mice and Rhesus Monkeys
Authors: Qin Pan, Qilong Wang, Xiaoming Sun, Xianru Xia, Shimin Wu, Fengling Luo, Xiao-Lian Zhang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

The major surface lipoglycan of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM), is an immunosuppressive epitope of M. tb. We used systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) to generate an aptamer (ZXL1) that specifically bound to ManLAM from the virulent M. tb strain H37Rv. Aptamer ZXL1 had the highest binding affinity, with an equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of 436.3 ± 37.84 nmol/l, and competed with the mannose receptor for binding to ManLAM and M. tb H37Rv. ZXL1 significantly inhibited the ManLAM-induced immunosuppression of CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) and enhanced the M. tb antigen–presenting activity of DCs for naive CD4+ Th1 cell activation. More importantly, we demonstrated that injection of aptamer ZXL1 significantly reduced the progression of M. tb H37Rv infections and bacterial loads in lungs of mice and rhesus monkeys. These results suggest that the aptamer ZXL1 is a new potential antimycobacterial agent and tuberculosis vaccine immune adjuvant. The major surface lipoglycan of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM), is an immunosuppressive epitope of M. tb. We used systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) to generate an aptamer (ZXL1) that specifically bound to ManLAM from the virulent M. tb strain H37Rv. Aptamer ZXL1 had the highest binding affinity, with an equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of 436.3 ± 37.84 nmol/l, and competed with the mannose receptor for binding to ManLAM and M. tb H37Rv. ZXL1 significantly inhibited the ManLAM-induced immunosuppression of CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) and enhanced the M. tb antigen–presenting activity of DCs for naive CD4+ Th1 cell activation. More importantly, we demonstrated that injection of aptamer ZXL1 significantly reduced the progression of M. tb H37Rv infections and bacterial loads in lungs of mice and rhesus monkeys. These results suggest that the aptamer ZXL1 is a new potential antimycobacterial agent and tuberculosis vaccine immune adjuvant.
Purpura Gangrenosa Treated With Hyperbaric Oxygenation
Authors: William B. Waddell
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Hyperbaric oxygenation was used in the treatment of purpura gangrenosa (fulminans). Hyperoxic therapy was employed in an apparently successful effort to reverse and prevent ischemic tissue damage. The prompt improvement of involved areas during treatment and the subsequent complete resolution of the peripheral lesions with loss of tissue is unusual in this severe and commonly fatal illness. Further trial of hyperoxia in the prompt treatment of ischemia due to acute arterial occlusive disease is warranted.
Ras-oncogenic Drosophila hindgut but not midgut cells use an inflammation-like program to disseminate to distant sites
Authors: Theodoulakis Christofi, Yiorgos Apidianakis
Journal: Gut Microbes (2012)

The gastrointestinal tract is habitable by a variety of microorganisms and it is often a tissue inflicted by inflammation. Much discussion is raised in recent years about the role of microbiota in intestinal inflammation, but their role in intestinal cancer remains unclear. Here we discuss and extent our work on Drosophila melanogaster models of tumorigenesis and tumor cell invasion upon intestinal infection. In Drosophila midgut bacteria that cause enterocyte damage induce intestinal stem cell proliferation, which is diverted toward aberrant stem cell expansion upon oncogene expression to induce dysplastic tumors. In the hindgut though, oncogenes synergize with the innate immune response-not the bacterially mediated damage-to induce tumor cell invasion and dissemination to distant sites. Interestingly, our novel gene expression analysis of Drosophila hemocyte-like cells suggests commonalities with oncogenic hindgut cells in the innate immune response and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 in response to bacterial infection.
Assessment of developmental toxicity: neuropsychological batteries.
Authors: J H Bernstein
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Assessment of change in behavioral functioning in children as a function of neurotoxicity is not a trivial undertaking. Psychological tests, widely (though erroneously) considered to be the "gold standard" for measurement of behavior in humans, are not adequate for the task; they tap the structure of cognition, not the behavioral repertoire, and cannot (alone) address developmental change. Comprehensive neurobehavioral assessment must be undertaken within a multidisciplinary assessment strategy incorporating knowledge of brain and brain development, cognitive processes and their development, brain-behavior relationships, and detailed knowledge of neurotoxicants, their action and the exposure thereto. Initial assessment batteries must be adequately broad ranging and must incorporate strategies and data for evaluating the impact of predictable nonbrain variables; they must also be cost efficient to respond to the realities of funding and the exigencies of field testing. Measures of neuropsychological outcome are optimally characterized as they relate to behavioral domains specified in terms of the competencies of infants and children of different ages; relevant information is derived from demographic, socioeconomic, medical, developmental, and educational sources, as well as from detailed observational data and performance on psychological tests. Two levels of assessment are proposed.
Glucocorticoid Receptor Status Is a Principal Determinant of Variability in the Sensitivity of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells to Pemetrexed
Authors: Mugdha Patki, Shirish Gadgeel, Yanfang Huang, Thomas McFall, Anthony F. Shields, Larry H. Matherly, Gerold Bepler, Manohar Ratnam
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
Can you alter your heart disease risk?
Authors: Roger S. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Testing of the hypothesis that people can prevent heart disease by changing their life-styles has yielded promising but inconclusive results, said attendees at the American Heart Association's (AHA) recent annual conference on cardiovascular disease epidemiology in Washington, DC. New community intervention trials are scheduled for the 1980s. Many investigators firmly believe that such things as a high-fat diet, cigarette smoking, and high blood pressure (BP) lead to heart disease. But others question whether these are reversible causes of heart disease and whether universal public health policies can be made or only selective recommendations. Newer findings suggest that it is important to moderate or balance some risk factors. The healthy state may lie in between two extremes, over a certain threshold, or even in cultural tradition. In brief, reports at the conference dealt with the following: Diet. People with low serum cholesterol, low body weight, or who eat a low-fat diet
Postextrasystolic Potentiation and Dobutamine Echocardiography in Predicting Recovery of Myocardial Function After Coronary Bypass Revascularization
Authors: Roldano Scognamiglio, Giuseppe Fasoli, Dino Casarotto, Manuela Miorelli, Stefano Nistri, Monica Palisi, Marco Marin, Sergio Dalla Volta
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Identification of viable but hibernating myocardium remains a relevant issue in the current era of myocardial revascularization. Echocardiography can be helpful in detecting reversible contractile dysfunction and optimizing the selection of patients for coronary bypass surgery.Eighty-four consecutive candidates for bypass surgery with chronic multivessel coronary artery disease were screened, and 60 were included in this prospective study. Preoperative evaluation of a reversible contractile dysfunction in asynergic myocardial regions was performed by dobutamine infusion at 5 (low dose) and 10 (intermediate dose) microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) with each stage lasting at least 5 minutes; postextrasystolic potentiation (PESP), with a coupling interval ranging from 500 to 300 ms with a progressive 10-ms decrease; or a combination of both dobutamine infusion and PESP. Sensitivity (92% versus 86%) and predictive accuracy (89% versus 84%) were higher with PESP than dobutamine (P=.009 and P=.001, respectively), but the combination did not improve sensitivity or accuracy. Dobutamine induced ischemic dysfunction in 15% of patients at the intermediate dose; however, the low dose resulted in loss of sensitivity.PESP echocardiography is a useful and cost-effective method to identify viable myocardium in patients with multivessel coronary disease undergoing revascularization and is more sensitive and accurate than dobutamine infusion.