tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Do allelic variants of SLC6A14 predispose to obesity?
Authors: Hemant K. Tiwari, David B. Allison
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Obesity is arguably the world’s most prevalent nutritional disorder and is a substantial contributor to morbidity and early mortality. Obesity is known to have a strong genetic component, but the specific influential genes in humans are largely unknown. A new paper describes a genetic variant that appears as though it may cause some people to be fatter or thinner than others (see the related article beginning on page 1762). This commentary considers the strength of the evidence in support of this finding and discusses additional research questions that should be addressed in further evaluations of this genetic variant as a putative contributor to human obesity.
Primary Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma
Authors: THOMAS N. EADE, Michael J. FULHAM, CHRIS J. CONSTABLE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

EADE, THOMAS N. M.B. Ch.B.*; FULHAM, Michael J. M.B.B.S., F.R.A.C.P.*†; CONSTABLE, CHRIS J. B.App.Sc.(MRT)* Author Information
AIDS and class II microbiological safety cabinets.
Authors: A M Wallbank, W Meyer
Journal: BMJ (1985)

AIDs and class II microbiological safety cabinets SIR,-The information about class II microbio- logical safety cabinets presented by Sheila McKechnie (30 March, p 1006) needs correction.She states "there is sound evidence that they provide little or no operator protection."Collins indicated that class II cabinets that satisfy the requirements of the National Sanitation Foundation Standard No 49 (1976) and British Standard 5726 (1979) are available and are effective.The most pertinent information indicating the effectiveness of class II cabinets is in a table from the recent National Institutes of Health slide series that accompanies the Fundamentals for safe Micro- biological Research, a series used to teach biosafety.Leak factors for safety cabinets* Type Activity Leak factor Class I None io06 to ItI Simulated labwork Or5 to 1t2 Class IIA None 10 to 106 Simulated labwork IY7 to 1O5 Class IIB None 1o9to Ior Simulated labwork 10 to o-5 Class III Transfer through autoclave 6104 *The leakage factors were arrived at by sampling outside while aerosols were inside.The data were collected by placing cabinets in a wind tunnel.All air passing the cabinet was collected in a large volume sampler.A leak factor of 10-6 implies that one out of every million particles generated in the cabinet would escape containment under normal operating conditions.
“Dynamite Pills” in the Coronary-Care Unit?
Authors: William B. Hood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

Physicians who have kept close watch upon changing fashions in therapy of cardiogenic shock may have been puzzled by claims of effectiveness for drugs with opposite actions. Thus, pressor agents that stimulate alpha receptors, such as norepinephrine, are used to raise systemic vascular resistance and arterial pressure, whereas alpha-blocking agents such as dibenzylene have also been employed to reduce the intense — and sometimes damaging — peripheral vasoconstriction that also often accompanies the shock state. Evidently, the effects of these really quite opposite therapeutic maneuvers may vary in individual patients, perhaps depending upon their precise hemodynamic status.A not dissimilar situation has . . .
Consequences of hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia in children with acute diarrhoea in Bangladesh.
Authors: A R Samadi, M A Wahed, M R Islam, S M Ahmed
Journal: BMJ (1983)

A total of 1330 children under 3 years of age who during 1979 had been admitted to the general ward of ICDDR,B Health Complex for diarrhoea with complications were studied retrospectively for the relation between types of dehydration, age, and nutritional state. Of the 1330 children, 276 (20.8%) were hyponatraemic, 969 (72.8%) isonatraemic, and 85 (6.4%) hypernatraemic. The incidence of hyponatraemia increased with age, while the incidence of hypernatraemia decreased with age. There was a strong relation between types of dehydration and nutritional state. The incidence of hyponatraemia was directly related to the degree of malnutrition. The case fatality rates for types of dehydration were 10.1% in hyponatraemia, 3.8% in isonatraemia, and 1.2% in hypernatraemia. These observations suggest that hyponatraemia is a serious complication of diarrhoea in Bangladesh.
Some international comparisons of mortality amenable to medical intervention.
Authors: J R Charlton, R Velez
Journal: BMJ (1986)

A series of outcome indicators was proposed for assessing the curative aspects of health care using several diseases for which evidence suggested that death was largely avoidable provided that appropriate medical treatment could be given in time. International data were examined for those causes for which data were readily available. Time trends in mortality were compared for each of these conditions for six countries that had experienced appreciable growth in health services during 1950-80. Mortality from the heterogeneous "avoidable" causes had declined faster than mortality from all other causes in each of the six countries. Despite problems of diagnosis, reporting, and classification of diseases that may have existed among countries, making international comparisons of absolute mortality difficult, the trends of declining mortality were similar, lending credibility to the use of these causes of mortality as indices of health care within countries. Changes within countries may also have been attributable to changes in social, environmental, genetic, and diagnostic factors, which were not examined. Nevertheless, the consistency in mortality trends for this group of "amenable" diseases suggested that improvements in medical care were a factor in their rapid decline.
Closing the Affordability Gap for Drugs in Low-Income Countries
Authors: Robert Steinbrook
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

The cost of treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is decreasing. Nonetheless, tenofovir–emtricitabine–efavirenz, the standard first-line treatment in North America and Europe, is prescribed rarely in low- and middle-income countries. The lowest annual cost for a generic formulation of this regimen is still hundreds of dollars more than the $100 annual cost of generic stavudine–lamivudine–nevirapine, an effective but less safe alternative that has been largely abandoned in Western countries (see Figure 1).1 Unfortunately, many medications remain unaffordable in low- and middle-income countries. In the public sector, medicines are often provided free of charge, but essential drugs may be unavailable.2 If they . . .
Critical elements of clinical follow‐up after hospital discharge for heart failure: insights from the EVEREST trial
Authors: Shannon M. Dunlay, Mihai Gheorghiade, Kimberly J. Reid, Larry A. Allen, Paul S. Chan, Paul J. Hauptman, Faiez Zannad, Aldo P. Maggioni, Karl Swedberg, Marvin A. Konstam, John A. Spertus
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
Letter: Enteroviruses in heart disease.
Authors: N R Grist, E J Bell
Journal: BMJ (1973)

tory difficulty at birth and pulmonary function tests were normal.I would like to point out that my colleagues and II 2 have suggested that the predelivery amniotic fluid lecithin concentration of 3-5 mg/100 ml is associated with practically no risk of neonatal respiratory distre-ss syndrome.As far as I can judge this is confirrmed by the findings of these workers.This critical lecithin level indicates the earliest time when the fetus in jeopardy can be delivered without the risk of de-
Examination of the Transverse Tubular System in Living Cardiac Rat Myocytes by 2-Photon Microscopy and Digital Image–Processing Techniques
Authors: C. Soeller, M. B. Cannell
Journal: Circulation Research (1999)

Abstract —The transverse tubular system (t-system) of cardiac muscle is a structure that allows rapid propagation of excitation into the cell interior. Using 2-photon molecular excitation microscopy and digital image–processing methods, we have obtained a comprehensive overview of the t-system of rat ventricular myocytes in living cells. We show that it is possible to quantify the morphology of the t-system in terms of average local tubule diameter, branching pattern, and local abundance of the t-system by immersing living myocytes in a dextran-linked fluorescein solution. Our data suggest that previous electron microscopic examinations of t-system structure have underestimated both the geometric complexity of the t-system morphology and the fraction of cell volume occupied by the t-system (3.6% in this species). About 40% of tubules occur between Z-lines, and the t-tubule diameter is 255±0.85 nm (mean±SEM). The t-tubules leave the outer surface of the cell in an approximately rectangular array; however, at some points junctions between the t-tubules and the surface membrane are missing. In view of the complexity of the t-system apparent from our images, we propose that the t-system be renamed the “sarcolemmal Z rete.” The methods presented here are generally applicable to the quantification of the sarcolemmal Z rete and other structures within cells by fluorescence microscopy in a variety of cell types.
Outcome of patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted to hospitals with and without faciliites for primary percutaneous coronary intervention: Data from the AMI-Florence Registry
Authors: Giobanni M. Santoro, Nazario Carrabba, Alessandro Barchielli, Massimo Margheri, Daniela Balzi, Maria C. Landini, Gennaro Santoro, Marco Torri, Vera Lazzeri, Eva Buiatti
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Incidence of Varicocele in Normal Men and Among Men of Different Ages
Authors: B. G. Clarke
Journal: JAMA (1966)

VARICOCELE may sometimes cause infertility; it may sometimes cause symptoms; it is rarely a sign of intra-abdominal cancer.<sup>1</sup>A study of the frequency of varicocele in apparently normal men and of its incidence among men of different ages has therefore been made. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> Varicocele and inguinal hernia, as well as testicular tumor, atrophy, or ectopia, were searched for with care by the same physician during general physical examination of 275 healthy white men. They were members of organized components of the Navy and Marine Corps reserves. Each man was normal in other respects and considered to be physically ready for combat service. Abstracts of clinical records of 583,283 patients were studied to ascertain ages at which operations for varicocele were likely to be performed. The patients had been admitted to 365 hospitals in the United States and Canada primarily for genitourinary disorders. The incidence of operations for
PIEZO2 is required for mechanotransduction in human stem cell–derived touch receptors
Authors: Katrin Schrenk-Siemens, Hagen Wende, Vincenzo Prato, Kun Song, Charlotte Rostock, Alexander Loewer, Jochen Utikal, Gary R Lewin, Stefan G Lechner, Jan Siemens
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2014)
Irresponsible Authorship and Wasteful Publication
Authors: EDWARD J. HUTH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Fraud is a dramatic offense in scientific publishing but other offenses are more frequent and probably far more damaging. The most frequent lesser offenses are irresponsible authorship and wasteful publication. The authorship problems include listing "authors" who made little or no contribution to the work reported and omitting of persons who made major contributions. Wasteful publication includes dividing the results in a single study into two or more papers ("salami science"); republishing the same material in successive papers (which need not have identical format and content); and blending data from one study with additional data to extract yet another paper that could not make its way on the second set of data alone ("meat extenders"). Wasteful publication may be the most frequent of these offenses and is probably the most damaging because of its economic implications for publishers, readers, libraries, and indexes.
Anticoagulation with anisindione in patients who are intolerant of warfarin
Authors: Alan B. M. Grosset, Jill E. Allen, George M. Rodgers
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1994)

Abstract Patients who require oral anticoagulation usually receive warfarin. We used an indanedione drug, anisindione, in two patients who were intolerant of warfarin but who needed long‐term oral anticoagulation. The use of this alternative oral anticoagulant is reviewed. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessing the promise of user involvement in health service development: ethnographic study
Authors: Nina Fudge, Charles D A Wolfe, Christopher McKevitt
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objectives</b> To understand how the policy of user involvement is interpreted in health service organisations and to identify factors that influence how user involvement is put into practice. <b>Design</b> Ethnographic study using participant observation, interviews, and collection of documentary evidence. <b>Setting</b> A multiagency modernisation programme to improve stroke services in two London boroughs. <b>Participants</b> Service users, National Health Service managers, and clinicians. <b>Results</b> User involvement in the programme was initiated and led by professionals. Professionals determined the areas of service improvement service users could participate in. A wide range of activities were considered “user involvement,” from patient satisfaction surveys to service users delivering peer support. Involvement tended to be most active in the least technical areas and areas with least input from clinicians. Factors that might explain this included organisational structure, the vagueness of the concept of user involvement, the value attributed to service users’ experiential knowledge, and variations in professional and service user understandings of and commitment to involvement. The gains of involvement were harder to identify in terms of impact on services. More evident were the personal gains for those involved: satisfaction of feeling listened to by professionals, social opportunities of meeting others in a similar situation, and increased knowledge about stroke and services available. <b>Conclusions</b> User involvement may not automatically lead to improved service quality. Healthcare professionals and service users understand and practise user involvement in different ways according to individual ideologies, circumstances, and needs. Given the resource implications of undertaking user involvement in service development there is a need for critical debate on the purpose of such involvement as well as better evidence of the benefits claimed for it.
Mechanisms and pathologic significances in increase in serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and soluble IL-6 receptor after administration of an anti–IL-6 receptor antibody, tocilizumab, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and Castleman disease
Authors: Norihiro Nishimoto, Kimio Terao, Toru Mima, Hideko Nakahara, Nobuhiro Takagi, Takahiro Kakehi
Journal: Blood (2008)
Figure for lower end of range of maximal haemoglobin is too low
Authors: A. F Fleming
Journal: BMJ (1995)

tional leaflet published by the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children and the Department of Health, Handle with Care, is a starting point for educating parents and other carers.This leaflet can be used by midwives and health visitors as a basis for individual work with parents, particularly targeting those considered to be most at risk.We stated that shaking a baby is dangerous, and this is recognised by paediatricians.The purpose of the editorial and the campaign by the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children was to alert carers to the dangers of shaking infants
High frequency of RUNX1 biallelic alteration in acute myeloid leukemia secondary to familial platelet disorder
Authors: Claude Preudhomme, Aline Renneville, Violaine Bourdon, Nathalie Philippe, Catherine Roche-Lestienne, Nicolas Boissel, Nathalie Dhedin, Jean-Marie André, Pascale Cornillet-Lefebvre, André Baruchel, Marie-Joelle Mozziconacci, Hagay Sobol
Journal: Blood (2009)
Neutrophil chemotaxis in the presence of antibiotics: a re-evaluation using an agarose technique
Authors: RICHARD W. GANGE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Neutrophil chemotaxis in the presence of tetracycline and clindamycin was evaluated using an agarose technique. No significant inhibition of chemotaxis by these antibiotics could be demonstrated, in contrast to previously reported findings using the Boyden chamber technique for measurement of chemotaxis. Both agents caused a minor increase in movement towards a P. acnes derived chemotactic factor. Some reduction of chemokinesis by high concentrations of tetracycline was noted. No effect of the drugs upon generation of chemotactic activity from whole serum could be demonstrated. Normal cell movement occurred in the absence of extracellular calcium and magnesium, in contrast to reported findings using the Boyden chamber.
Radioactivity studies on 2 synovial specimens after radiation synovectomy with yttrium-90 silicate.
Authors: P B Dunscombe, N W Ramsey
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1980)

Synovial membranes surgically removed from the knees of 2 patients who had received radioactive yttrium-90 silicate have been examined. Autoradiographs showed that in both cases the activity was unevenly distributed over the synovium. One of the specimens, removed 7 weeks after administration of the isotope, was found to contain a slight degree of radioactivity, attributable in part to a long-lived radioactive contaminant.
EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy combined with fine-gauge antegrade stenting: a pilot study
Authors: Takeshi Ogura, Daisuke Masuda, Akira Imoto, Toshihisa Takeushi, Rieko Kamiyama, Malak Mohamed, Eiji Umegaki, Kazuhide Higuchi
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

To minimize bile leakage and avoid possible death because of stent migration in endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS), we have recently combined EUS-HGS with EUS-guided antegrade stenting (EUS-AS) of the biliary obstruction using a novel uncovered metallic stent with a fine-gauge delivery system. In this pilot study, we evaluated the feasibility and adverse events associated with this combination therapy using the novel stent.We performed EUS-guided antegrade stenting and hepaticogastrostomy in 12 consecutive patients.The novel EUS-AS stent was placed across the ampulla of Vater in 8 patients and above the ampulla in 4. Technical and functional success rates were 100 %. In addition, the insertion of the first stent was achieved in all patients without dilation of the fistula between stomach and intrahepatic bile duct. Although 1 patient experienced mild pancreatitis, adverse events such as bile peritonitis or stent dysfunction did not occur during follow-up (mean 122 days, range 62 - 210 days).This method appears to safely and effectively avoid adverse events associated with EUS-HGS.
Did He Sham On The Gallows? A Review of the Windrath Case.
Authors: J. Sanderson Christison
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Chicago, June 22, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Joseph Windrath, a German 29 years of age, married, three children, an expert machinist, was hanged in Chicago June 5th last for the murder of a very popular man, the cashier of the West Chicago Street Ry. Co., when committing a robbery with an accomplice. The sentence set the execution for May 15th, but a reasonable doubt of his sanity being established since the date of sentence a respite was granted for a trial on that score, as the law of Illinois does not permit the execution of a lunatic. The State charged that he was shamming insanity and presented six medical witnesses, viz: Drs. N. S. Davis, Sanger Brown, Archibald Church, Walter Kempster, James Lydston and Dr. Fortner who is the jail physician, all of whom testified that he was both sane and shamming. On the other side Drs. Florence Hunt, O.
Hyperinsulinemia and Uric Acid Clearance
Authors: Zane N. Gaut
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  —I read with great interest the article by Facchini et al, 1 which correlated uric acid clearance with insulin resistance. Such an explanation fits with earlier studies in which the administration of antilipemic doses of nicotinic acid induced hyperglycemia, abnormal glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia, hyperuricemia, and apparent decreases in the renal clearance of uric acid. 2-5 At that time, nicotinic acid and/or one or more metabolites thereof were postulated to reduce the renal excretion of uric acid. In light of the Facchini study, changes in uric acid metabolism may have been induced by renal effects of the concomitant hyperinsulinemia.   This letter was shown to the author, who declined to reply. —Ed.
Efficacy, safety and tolerability of a new intravenous immune globulin, 10% liquid, triple virus reduced (IGIV,10%TVR) in patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID)
Authors: J.A. Church, H. Leibl, M.R. Stein, I.R. Melamed, A. Rubinstein, L.C. Schneider, R.L. Wasserman, B.G. Pavlova, K. Birthistle, M. Mancini, B. Bitman, K. Moore-Perry, H.J. Ehrlich
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Abstract 737: Modeling of σ2 selective agonists for the development of new anticancer agents that utilize the celecoxib scaffold
Authors: David H. Kinder, Derek J. Rhoades, Tarek Mahfouz
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Celecoxib has proved to be an enigma as a potential anticancer agent. COX-2 inhibition is not necessarily involved in its mechanism of cytotoxicity, and it induces a non-classical apoptotic pathway leading to cell death in some cell culture models. Because the classical pathways are not always induced by celecoxib, we hypothesized that celecoxib might be working as a σ2 receptor agonist as part of its cytotoxicity. In addition, published research has supported the therapeutic potential of σ2 receptor agonists in cancer chemotherapy. We have determined that celecoxib will inhibit the CRL-1620 cell line with an IC50 of 32 μM, and the 9L rat glioma model with an IC50 of 60 μM. Using a group of 41 high affinity σ2 receptor selective agonists and following a ligand-based drug design approach, we have developed a four-site pharmacophore model for σ2 receptor agonists. Upon aligning celecoxib to this model, it matched three of the four sites, further supporting our hypothesis that celecoxib might be working as a σ2 receptor agonist as part of its cytotoxicity. Additional compounds have been developed utilizing the celecoxib scaffold as σ2 receptor agonist anticancer agents. From the pharmacophore model we also developed an in silico model for the σ2 receptor binding pocket as it has not been cloned nor has its three dimensional structure been determined. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 737.
Clopidogrel prevents platelet aggregation and cyclic flow variations in stenosed and endothelium-injured canine coronary arteries
Authors: Sheng-Kun Yao, Janice McNatt, Claude R. Benedict, Mark Rosolowsky, H.Vernon Anderson, Kexin Cui, Jean-Pierre Maffrand, L.Maximilian Buja, James T. Willerson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)