tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surgery of the Esophagus
Authors: Earle W. Wilkins, David B. Skinner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

NO previous Medical Progress report has been limited exclusively to surgery of the esophagus. The topic was included most recently in a review of the broad field of thoracic surgery by Scannell and Wilkins1 in 1960. The concurrent availability of new information on esophageal anatomy and physiology derived from modern recording devices and the fruition of long-term analyses of the results of treatment have together led to renewed enthusiasm for a more rational surgical approach to esophageal disease. More than 1000 articles have in fact been published in the English-language literature during the past five years.Hiatal Hernia and Gastroesophageal . . .
Review: Observations on experimental myocardial ischaemia
Authors: R. A KLONER, E. BRAUNWALD
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1980)

Over the past decade major advances have been made in the understanding of myocardial infarction largely through the use of animal models of ischaemia and infarction. Ultrastructural and biochemical aspects of reversible versus irreversible ischaemic injury have helped to clarify the nature of ischaemic cell death. The presence of a border zone of cells which are in the reversible phase of myocardial injury following coronary artery occlusion allows for salvage of ischaemic myocardium by a number of interventions. These interventions include reperfusion a variety of pharmacological agents, and physical and haemodynamic interventions. Several clinical studies have shown that these interventions may be beneficial in the treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Gut chemosensing mechanisms
Authors: Arianna Psichas, Frank Reimann, Fiona M. Gribble
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

The enteroendocrine system is the primary sensor of ingested nutrients and is responsible for secreting an array of gut hormones, which modulate multiple physiological responses including gastrointestinal motility and secretion, glucose homeostasis, and appetite. This Review provides an up-to-date synopsis of the molecular mechanisms underlying enteroendocrine nutrient sensing and highlights our current understanding of the neuro-hormonal regulation of gut hormone secretion, including the interaction between the enteroendocrine system and the enteric nervous system. It is hoped that a deeper understanding of how these systems collectively regulate postprandial physiology will further facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
New Pharmaceutical Strategies Devised in Effort to Treat Schizophrenia Effectively With Less Risk
Authors: Matthew J. Kleinerman
Journal: JAMA (1990)

FOR SOME patients, the antipsychotic medications now used to treat schizophrenia provide incomplete or no relief of symptoms, or have serious side effects. However, two new drug therapies now under study may help patients who previously have been refractory to treatment, perhaps with fewer adverse effects.  One of these drugs, remoxipride (Merck Sharp & Dohme, West Point, Pa), is a member of a new class of antipsychotics, says Stephen Shuchter, MD, clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine and principal investigator for the remoxipride clinical trials there.  Dopamine Antagonist  Like other antipsychotic medications, remoxipride is a dopamine antagonist that blocks dopamine receptors in the limbic and nigrostriatal areas of the brain. Neuroleptics usually relieve psychotic symptoms by acting on the limbic area, but, by inactivating the nigrostriatal area, they often lead to the development of parkinsonian symptoms and other side effects.  Dopamine binds
Prevalence of Lower-Extremity Disease in the U.S. Adult Population ≥40 Years of Age With and Without Diabetes
Authors: Edward W. Gregg, Paul Sorlie, Ryne Paulose-Ram, Qiuping Gu, Mark S. Eberhardt, Michael Wolz, Vicki Burt, Lester Curtin, Michael Engelgau, Linda Geiss
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

Although lower-extremity disease (LED), which includes lower-extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and peripheral neuropathy (PN), is disabling and costly, no nationally representative estimates of its prevalence exist. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of lower-extremity PAD, PN, and overall LED in the overall U.S. population and among those with and without diagnosed diabetes.The analysis consisted of data for 2873 men and women aged >or=40 years, including 419 with diagnosed diabetes, from the 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The main outcome measures consisted of the prevalence of lower-extremity PAD (defined as ankle-brachial index <0.9), PN (defined as >or=1 insensate area based on monofilament testing), and of any LED (defined as either PAD, PN, or history of foot ulcer or lower-extremity amputations).Of the U.S. population aged >or=40 years, 4.5% (95% CI 3.4-5.6) have lower-extremity PAD, 14.8% (12.8-16.8) have PN, and 18.7% (15.9-21.4) have any LED. Prevalence of PAD, PN, and overall LED increases steeply with age and is higher (P < 0.05) in non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans than non-Hispanic whites. The prevalence of LEDs is approximately twice as high for individuals with diagnosed diabetes (PAD 9.5% [5.5-13.4]; PN 28.5% [22.0-35.1]; any LED 30.2% [22.1-38.3]) as the overall population.LED is common in the U.S. and twice as high among individuals with diagnosed diabetes. These conditions disproportionately affect the elderly, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican Americans.
The BMJ and Dispatches gave only one side of the story
Authors: R. I. G. Holt
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The BMJ and Channel 4 Dispatches programme “Diet, Drugs and Diabetes” focused on possible dangers of incretin based treatments and alleged that the drug industry is hiding important safety data.1 Although drug safety and transparency are paramount, it is important to remember that no diabetes drug is completely safe. Clinicians and people with diabetes need to make a balanced decision about the risks and benefits of treatment, and this requires …
Association of Parental Chronic Pain With Chronic Pain in the Adolescent and Young Adult
Authors: Gry B. Hoftun, Pål R. Romundstad, Marite Rygg
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2012)

Objectives:To examine a possible association of parental chronic pain with chronic pain in the adolescent and young adult and to explore whether a relationship could be explained by socioeconomic and psychosocial factors or may be affected by differences in family structure.Design: Unselected, population-based
Violence in the Hospital-Reply
Authors: Anita Duhl Glicken
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We have heard from numerous institutions that are exploring ways to prevent undesirable behavior directed toward students and deal more effectively with those behaviors when they occur. Dr Slomka addresses an additional concern related to this training issue—the violence and abuse of patients in the hospital setting. Although our article on medical student abuse did not directly address the effects that the abuse of students may have on patient care, this was graphically described by several comments of students and graduate physicians that were received in response to this study as well as Dr Silver's original communication that first focused on the significance of the abuse of medical students during the educational process.<sup>1,2</sup> I agree with Dr Slomka that education in ethics can provide a vocabulary and framework for sensitizing health care practitioners to issues of violence and abuse in the hospital setting. However, we feel that
Extensive Hypertensive Work-up
Authors: James C. Melby
Journal: JAMA (1975)

IT IS of considerable interest that Finnerty and I reached our differing conclusions regarding the extent of work-up necessary for the hypertensive patient from essentially the same data. The differing conclusions, I believe, result in large part from an epidemiologic- or public health-oriented approach to patient care, on the one hand, and a more traditional concept of the physician-patient relationship on the other. There is logic in the therapeutic approach advocated by Finnerty, and it is possible that curable secondary hypertension might be recognized during long-term therapy. Furthermore, it is possible to recognize volume-dependent hypertension on the basis of response to diuretic therapy alone. If one accepts (as do Finnerty and Gifford) that curable secondary hypertension accounts for 6% of the hypertensive population, this still amounts to an incidence of more than 1.3 million patients with remediable disease. If one adds to this population those patients with imbalances of the
AIDS — Past and Future
Authors: Michael S. Gottlieb
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Do not fear to repeat what has already been said. Men need the truth dinned into their ears many times and from all sides. The first rumor makes them prick up their ears, the second registers, and the third enters.René Théophile Hyacinthe Laënnec (1781–1826)Regius Professor of Medicine, Collège de FranceThe AIDS epidemic in the United States officially began with the publication in the June 5, 1981, issue of Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), the bulletin of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), of a report on five cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia from the University of . . .
Heparin‐induced skin necrosis associated with thrombocytopenia and acquired protein C and protein S deficiency
Authors: H. Keshava Prasad, Rangaswamy Govindarajan
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

We have described a patient with colon cancer and liver metastases who developed heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and skin necrosis. We believe that the skin necrosis caused by the heparin/platelet factor 4 antibody was exacerbated by the acquired protein C and protein S deficiency. After the heparin was discontinued and infection treated, the skin necrosis and thrombocytopenia resolved. This case illustrates the fact that, in patients with heparin-induced skin necrosis, a search must be undertaken for an underlying pro-thrombotic state, which may precipitate the microthrombosis responsible for skin necrosis. We could not find any previous case reports of heparin-induced skin necrosis associated with isolated protein C deficiency, or combined protein C and protein S deficiency.
Down-regulated microRNA-152 induces aberrant DNA methylation in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting DNA methyltransferase 1
Authors: Jinfeng Huang, Yue Wang, Yingjun Guo, Shuhan Sun
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein has been implicated as a potential trigger of the epigenetic modifications of some genes during hepatocarcinogenesis, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression, are involved in diverse biological functions and in carcinogenesis. In this study, we investigated whether some miRNAs are aberrantly expressed and involved in the regulation of the abnormal DNA methylation status in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our results showed that the expression of microRNA-152 (miR-152) was frequently down-regulated in HBV-related HCC tissues in comparison with adjacent noncancerous hepatic tissues and was inversely correlated to DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in HBV-related HCCs. The forced expression of miR-152 in liver cell lines resulted in a marked reduction of the expression of DNMT1 at both the mRNA and protein levels by directly targeting the 3′ untranslated regions of DNMT1. This in turn led to a decrease in global DNA methylation, whereas inhibition of miR-152 caused global DNA hypermethylation and increased the methylation levels of two tumor suppressor genes, glutathione S -transferase pi 1 (GSTP1) and E-cadherin 1 (CDH1). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that miR-152 is frequently down-regulated and regulates DNMT1 in HBV-related HCC. These findings support a tumor-suppressive role of miR-152 in the epigenetic aberration of HBV-related HCC and the potential development of miRNA-based targeted approaches for the treatment of HBV-related HCC. Hepatology 2010
Will austerity cuts dismantle the Spanish healthcare system?
Authors: H. Legido-Quigley, L. Otero, D. l. Parra, C. Alvarez-Dardet, J. M. Martin-Moreno, M. McKee
Journal: BMJ (2013)

In the face of austerity, a series of disconnected "reforms" could, without corrective measures, lead to the effective dismantling of large parts of the Spanish healthcare system, with potentially detrimental effects on health. <b>Helena Legido-Quigley and colleagues</b> explain
HSP27 controls GATA-1 protein level during erythroid cell differentiation
Authors: Aurelie de Thonel, Julie Vandekerckhove, David Lanneau, Subramaniam Selvakumar, Geneviève Courtois, Adonis Hazoume, Mathilde Brunet, Sebastien Maurel, Arlette Hammann, Jean Antoine Ribeil, Yael Zermati, Anne Sophie Gabet, Joan Boyes, Eric Solary, Olivier Hermine, Carmen Garrido
Journal: Blood (2010)
The V2 vasopressin receptor mutations and fluid homeostasis
Authors: M Birnbaumer
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2001)

Although three different G-protein coupled receptors have been identified for arginine vasopressin, a significant physiological role has been recognized only for the V2 subtype that controls water homeostasis. Identification of the gene encoding the V2 vasopressin (or antidiuretic hormone) receptor enabled researchers to test the hypothesis that mutations of this gene were responsible for X-linked recessive nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. The affected patients are unable to concentrate their urine and as a consequence live in constant danger of dehydration that can cause death, particularly in infancy, or lead to severe hypernatremia that can impair their intellectual and physical development. The danger of severe dehydration diminishes in the adult patients, although they remain highly susceptible to this condition for the rest of their lives.
Low-Iodine Diet Revisited
Authors: Sidney R. Hinds, Aaron L. Stack, Derek J. Stocker
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

The need for a low-iodine diet (LID) to maximize the results of radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU), nuclear medicine thyroid scintigraphy, and ultimately treatment of thyroid cancer patients is widely accepted. Failure to follow the prescribed diet can alter RAIU results, thyroid scan findings, and poststudy management.Provided is a case presentation that illustrates the need for adequate patient understanding and compliance with the LID.We present the clinical history, laboratory values, and pertinent imaging of a 21-year-old woman with papillary thyroid cancer. The patient's post-thyroidectomy I-123 and 2 subsequent thyroid (I-123 and post-RAI ablation I-131) scintigraphy examinations are reviewed as well as the patient's urine iodine levels.In this case of a woman with papillary thyroid cancer, the nuclear medicine whole body and neck pinhole images revealed that compliance to an LID positively impacts the overall management. After an LID was followed, the patient's urine iodine level appropriately declined from the previously elevated level. Initial negative results on thyroid scintigraphy caused by noncompliance with the LID became positive when the patient adhered to the prescribed dietary regimen.An LID is an integral element in the management of differentiated thyroid cancer. Proper guidance and emphasis on the implementation of the diet needs to be provided to patients. Noncompliance may lead to false negative imaging results, misleading the medical professionals and patient. Potentially inadequate management of the patient's thyroid cancer may follow.
Development of autophagy inducers in clinical medicine
Authors: Beth Levine, Milton Packer, Patrice Codogno
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

Defects in autophagy have been linked to a wide range of medical illnesses, including cancer as well as infectious, neurodegenerative, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases. These observations have led to the hypothesis that autophagy inducers may prevent or treat certain clinical conditions. Lifestyle and nutritional factors, such as exercise and caloric restriction, may exert their known health benefits through the autophagy pathway. Several currently available FDA-approved drugs have been shown to enhance autophagy, and this autophagy-enhancing action may be repurposed for use in novel clinical indications. The development of new drugs that are designed to be more selective inducers of autophagy function in target organs is expected to maximize clinical benefits while minimizing toxicity. This Review summarizes the rationale and current approaches for developing autophagy inducers in medicine, the factors to be considered in defining disease targets for such therapy, and the potential benefits of such treatment for human health.
GMC's reasons for refusing to let surgeon leave medical register were inadequate
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A surgeon accused of botching operations over 18 years has won a High Court challenge against the General Medical Council over its refusal to let him remove his name voluntarily from the medical register.

A High Court judge has ruled that the GMC failed to give adequate reasons for not allowing David Jackson to opt for voluntary erasure on the grounds of illness and for insisting on a hearing instead.

Jackson faces 75 counts of inappropriate and incorrect treatment of 16 patients with breast or colon cancer or requiring cosmetic surgery across four hospitals in Kent from 1989 to 2007. He is charged with misconduct and deficient professional performance and also faces …
FOURIER PHASE ANALYSIS IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERELY COMPROMISED LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION
Authors: Stephen R. Bunker, Robert J. Telepak, Jack L. Lancaster, Michael F. Hartshorne, Craig S. Hammes, Ralph Blumhardt
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

Bunker, Stephen R.; Telepak, Robert J.; Lancaster, Jack L.; Hartshorne, Michael F.; Hammes, Craig S.; Blumhardt, Ralph Author Information
Response to treatment, mortality, and CD4 lymphocyte counts in HIV-infected persons with tuberculosis in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: A.N Ackah, H Digbeu, K Daillo, A.E Greenberg, D Coulibaly, I-M Coulibaly, K.M Vetter, K.M de Cock
Journal: The Lancet (1995)
MODERN INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE
Authors: C. G. FARNUM
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Industrial medicine, in its modern acceptance, is a new field of endeavor. Within the past half decade we have seen it develop from a discredited branch to one deserving and receiving the highest respect and recognition. We have, during this time, seen the day of the old-time company physician pass and the day of the modern, highly trained, industrial medical specialist arrive. This transition has been so rapid, the growth so wonderful, and its establishment so speedy, that the term modern industrial medicine does not mean industrial medicine as it was practiced a year or two ago. Our ideals of yesterday are obsolete today, and we have vision and faith to believe that our dreams of today will be realized tomorrow. It is only a few years ago that there came on the industrial horizon a few physicians of a new type These men possessed foresight. They had a perspective
Propofol infusion in children.
Authors: M. Kirkpatrick, G. Cole
Journal: BMJ (1992)

to sedate children that have stood the test not only of scientific investigation but also of time.Morphine, barbiturates, and the more recent additions such as fentanyl and alfentanil have all been used in critically ill patients without major problems."As propofol does not have a licence for use as an infusion in children and, at best, scientific investigation suggets that it may be detrimental in critically ill children, it seems mandatorv that this drug is not used routinely for sedating children in intensive therapy units.Cook should realise that if we use drugs before scientific investigation has shown them to be safe we have only ourselves to blame if they are later shown to cause problems.
Environmental injustice in North Carolina's hog industry.
Authors: S Wing, D Cole, G Grant
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Rapid growth and the concentration of hog production in North Carolina have raised concerns of a disproportionate impact of pollution and offensive odors on poor and nonwhite communities. We analyzed the location and characteristics of 2,514 intensive hog operations in relation to racial, economic, and water source characteristics of census block groups, neighborhoods with an average of approximately 500 households each. We used Poisson regression to evaluate the extent to which relationships between environmental justice variables and the number of hog operations persisted after consideration of population density. There are 18.9 times as many hog operations in the highest quintile of poverty as compared to the lowest; however, adjustment for population density reduces the excess to 7.2. Hog operations are approximately 5 times as common in the highest three quintiles of the percentage nonwhite population as compared to the lowest, adjusted for population density. The excess of hog operations is greatest in areas with both high poverty and high percentage nonwhites. Operations run by corporate integrators are more concentrated in poor and nonwhite areas than are operations run by independent growers. Most hog operations, which use waste pits that can contaminate groundwater, are located in areas with high dependence on well water for drinking. Disproportionate impacts of intensive hog production on people of color and on the poor may impede improvements in economic and environmental conditions that are needed to address public health in areas which have high disease rates and low access to medical care as compared to other areas of the state.
'Harm Reduction' Approach May Be Middle Ground
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1994)

MEDICINE has been given a back seat in this country's so-called war on drugs. Dealing with drug addiction was once primarily the purview of physicians. But since the initiation of prohibition in the early part of this century, and especially since the "war on drugs" was declared in the 1970s, drug use, abuse, and addiction have been treated primarily as crimes and only secondarily as a public health problem. Critics say this makes the public health problem worse. <h3>Medicine as Cornerstone</h3> Medicine, however, is the cornerstone of an alternative approach to drug policy referred to as "harm reduction." This approach emphasizes comprehensive and compassionate treatment for addiction, with physicians providing medical therapy and not viewing abstinence as the only worthy outcome. International comparison studies suggest that the success of medical treatment for heroin addiction is related to the quality of the treating staff, especially the involvement of physicians, says John
A Multidisciplinary Approach for the Assessment of Psychodynamic Factors in Young Adults with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: R. Karstens, K. Köhle, D. Ohlmeier, S. Weidlich
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1970)

The psychodynamics of 10 young patients with acute myocardial infarction were studied extensively during and after their hospitalization using a multidisciplinary approach. Daily bedside interviews starting on the day of admission proved most valuable for establishing a strong positive transference relationship, the prerequisite for genuine cooperation in the numerous steps of investigation. Besides the psychodynamic findings, experiences concerning our methods of investigation are discussed.
BCL2/BCL-XL inhibition induces apoptosis, disrupts cellular calcium homeostasis, and prevents platelet activation
Authors: Meike Vogler, Hassan A. Hamali, Xiao-Ming Sun, Edward T. W. Bampton, David Dinsdale, Roger T. Snowden, Martin J. S. Dyer, Alison H. Goodall, Gerald M. Cohen
Journal: Blood (2011)