tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Further evidence for genetic anticipation in familial rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: E McDermott, M A Khan, C Deighton
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether preliminary evidence supporting features of genetic anticipation in familial rheumatoid arthritis (RA) could be replicated in independent and larger samples. METHOD: Data were obtained from records of 59 multicase families from the Arthritis and Rheumatism Council (ARC) National Repository in Manchester, 65 multicase families from Cleveland, Ohio, USA, and 253 consecutive patients with RA attending clinics in Nottingham. RESULTS: Mean ages of disease onset in the parents affected with RA were consistently greater than those in the probands. In the ARC data, the mean age difference in disease onset between the affected mother and proband pairs was 16.0 years (95% confidence interval (CI) 7.2 to 24.8 years, n = 11); in the Cleveland data it was 7.8 years (95% CI 0.9 to 14.7 years, n = 24), and in the Nottingham data it was 10.4 years (95% CI 2.8 to 18.0 years, n = 28). Similar results were found in the limited number of father-proband pairs. Unlike the findings of earlier work, there was no correlation between proband age at disease onset and age of the parent at conception of the proband. CONCLUSION: In independent and larger familial RA data sets, features of genetic anticipation were replicated. Our findings support the case for further research at a molecular level into genetic anticipation in those families with two successive generations affected by RA.
Concerning the Mechanism of Insulin Action.
Authors: Ira G. Wool
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 May 1965Concerning the Mechanism of Insulin Action.Ira G. Wool, M.D.Ira G. Wool, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-62-5-1075_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptDevelopment of a cell-free ribosomal system, prepared from heart muscle of rats, has afforded the means for an analysis of the mechanism whereby insulin stimulates protein synthesis. The assay was carried out in circumstances where protein synthesis was proportional to the concentration of ribosomes. Insulin added in vitro was without effect on the ability of ribosomes to catalyze transfer of radioactivity from s ribonucleic acid (RNA)-phenylalanine-C14to protein in the presence or absence of poly U. Ribosomes from alloxan diabetic animals were less effective in the synthesis of protein than were ribosomes from normal rats. The difference was generally small... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Chicago, Illinois PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1965Volume 62, Issue 5Page: 1075-1075KeywordsAttentionInsulinMyocardiumProtein synthesisRNARibosomes Issue Published: 1 May 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...
Platypnea Related to Orthodeoxia Caused by True Vascular Lung Shunts
Authors: Eugene D. Robin, David Laman, Barry R. Horn, James Theodore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

WE have suggested the term "platypnea" to describe dyspnea produced by the assumption of an erect position and relieved by a recumbent one.1 , 2 The term "orthodeoxia" is now suggested to describe accentuated arterial oxygen unsaturation in the erect position improved by a recumbent one. In the three patients described below, orthodeoxia and platypnea, caused by the gravitational effects of an erect thorax, produced increased pulmonary blood flow through true vascular communications (right to left) in the lung bases. Recognition of orthodeoxia may have important diagnostic and therapeutic implications and, when present, should raise the etiologic possibility of true vascular lung . . .
Le médecin dans la société contemporaine
Authors: R. Quéro
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

The part played by the non affiliated doctor is not limited to the relationship between the doctor and the patient. The institutions, in this very relationship, are already represented (Health service, firms etc.). Even more so, the company doctor is involved in the life of the firm in which he is employed. He can't ignore the influence of the dynamic and the influence of the different types of organisational structures on the individuals healths or on that of the workers as a whole. Willingly or not he plays a psychological and social role. It is the same for the doctor who is integrated into a health administration as an official. His part is most important for beaking the rigidity of structures, and fighting against the «bureaucratic disease», for making the point of view of the human being, of his needs and aspriations and better welfare privail. Every doctor, during his studies, must be prepared to play his new psycho-social role by appropriate training.
The Crisis at Guy's
Authors: Stanley A. Plotkin
Journal: JAMA (1960)

IN MEDICAL, as well as in any other form of history, there are small incidents which bring into focus great issues. Such an incident was a dispute concerning the hiring of nurses and their functions which in 1880 thoroughly disrupted Guy's Hospital. The outcome of the dispute symbolized the destruction of organized medical resistance to the idea that had been growing for 100 years of nursing as a profession.  The establishment of secular nursing is inextricably bound to the work of Florence Nightingale. The first training school organized according to her precepts opened in 1860 at St. Thomas' Hospital in London. During the succeeding 20 years, many other hospitals developed schools to train professional nurses: for example, Liverpool Hospital in 1862, Edinburgh Hospital and New England Hospital for Women in 1872, Bellevue in New York in 1873, and St. Bartholomew's in London in 1877. 1,2   Although Guy's Hospital had
Lung mechanics and frequency dependence of compliance in coal miners
Authors: Anthony Seaton, N. LeRoy Lapp, Wm. Keith C. Morgan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

The mechanical properties of the lungs were studied in two groups of coal miners. The first group consisted of miners with either simple or no pneumoconiosis and was divided into two subgroups (1A and 1B). The former (1A) consisted of 62 miners most of whom had simple pneumoconiosis but a few of whom had clear films. Although their spirometry was normal, all claimed to have respiratory symptoms. The other subgroup (1B) consisted of 25 working miners with definite radiographic evidence of simple pneumoconiosis but normal spirometric findings. The second major group consisted of 25 men with complicated pneumoconiosis. In subjects with simple pneumoconiosis, static compliance was mostly in the normal range, whereas it was often reduced in subjects with the complicated disease. The coefficient of retraction was normal or reduced in most subjects except those with advanced complicated disease, in several of whom it was elevated. So far as simple pneumoconiosis was concerned, abnormalities, when present, reflected "emphysema" rather than fibrosis. In severe complicated pneumoconiosis, changes suggesting fibrosis tended to predominate. In the 25 working miners (subgroup 1B) dynamic compliance was measured at different respiratory rates. 17 of the subjects in this subgroup demonstrated frequency dependence of their compliance, a finding unrelated to bronchitis and suggestive of increased resistance to flow in the smallest airways.
Pathological Gambling Among Cocaine-Dependent Outpatients
Authors: Gladys W. Hall, Nicholas J. Carriero, Ruby Y. Takushi, Ivan D. Montoya, Kenzie L. Preston, David A. Gorelick
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: The authors investigated the occurrence of pathological gambling among cocaine-dependent outpatients, its influence on short-term outcome of treatment, and comparative characteristics of patients with and without pathological gambling.METHOD: The subjects were 313 cocaine-dependent (200 also opiate-dependent) outpatients in clinical trials of medication for cocaine dependence. Pathological gambling (DSM-III-R criteria) was assessed with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, and sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics were determined with the Addiction Severity Index. Outcome was defined as time in treatment (proportion of maximum scheduled time) and proportion of cocaine-positive urine samples during treatment.RESULTS: Pathological gambling had a lifetime occurrence rate of 8.0% and a current (past month) occurrence of 3.8%. Onset preceded the onset of cocaine dependence in 72.0% of the patients (and preceded onset of opiate dependence in 44.4%). Patients with pathological gambling (lifetime or current) did not differ significantly from other patients in length of treatment or proportion of cocaine-positive urine samples. Those with lifetime pathological gambling were significantly more likely to have tobacco dependence (84.0% versus 61.1%) and antisocial personality disorder (56.0% versus 19.8%), to be unemployed (84.0% versus 49.3%), to have recently engaged in illegal activity for profit (64.0% versus 38.5%), and to have been incarcerated (62.5% versus 33.9%).CONCLUSIONS: Pathological gambling is substantially more prevalent among cocaine-dependent outpatients than in the general population. Patients with pathological gambling differ from other cocaine-dependent outpatients in some sociodemographic characteristics but not in short-term outcome of treatment for cocaine dependence.
Drug Taking among Medical Students at Glasgow University
Authors: A. J. McKay, V. M. Hawthorne, H. N. McCartney
Journal: BMJ (1973)

A survey of medical students was conducted at Glasgow University during two successive academic sessions. In 1971, out of 786 students matriculating in the first to fourth years, 749 present at lectures (95.3%) returned properly completed questionnaires. These showed that 100 (13%) had at one time or another taken drugs and that 27 (3.6%) had continued to do so. In 1972, out of 604 students matriculating in the first, second, and fifth years 487 (80.6%) returned questionnaires indicating that 79 (16%) had taken drugs at least once and that 19 (3.9%) had continued.Marijuana and hashish were by far the most commonly used drugs, the use of "harder" drugs being limited. About half of the students acknowledged the regular use of alcohol, and approximately a fifth were regular tobacco smokers. Those who took drugs were predominantly males who tended to smoke and drink more than other students. They also came from homes where the parents no longer lived together and tended to live away from home more than the other students. Exposure to drugs increased between 1971 and 1972, but the number accepting drugs did not. Appraisal of this problem is needed, since though still small it has the potential for rapid growth.
Primary Arteritis of Abdominal Aorta in Children Causing Bilateral Stenosis of Renal Arteries and Hypertension
Authors: T. J. DANARAJ, WONG HEE ONG
Journal: Circulation (1959)

The clinicopathologic findings are described in 2 children in whom a localized arteritis of the abdominal aorta had occluded both renal artery orifices to produce hypertension. The relation to primary arteritis of the aortic arch or Takayashu's syndrome is discussed.
Risk of Congenital Malformations Among Offspring of Mothers and Fathers With Celiac Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Daniela Zugna, Lorenzo Richiardi, Olof Stephansson, Björn Pasternak, Anders Ekbom, Sven Cnattingius, Jonas F. Ludvigsson
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS
Authors: Margaret G. Smith, Russell J. Blattner, Florence M. Heys
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1947)

Transmission of the virus of St. Louis encephalitis to normal chickens by the bite of infected mites (Dermanyssus gallinae) has been demonstrated. Both experimentally infected and naturally infected mites were shown to be capable of transferring the virus of St. Louis encephalitis to chickens by bite. Virus is present in the blood of such chickens in small amounts, so that demonstration of viremia was possible only by utilizing chorioallantoic passage in hens' eggs. However, there is sufficient virus present in the blood for uninfected chicken mites to acquire the virus by feeding on chickens in which viremia has resulted from previous bite of infected mites. Thus it has been shown that the arachnid vector Dermanyssus gallinae is capable of transmitting the virus of St. Louis encephalitis to normal chickens by bite and that such chickens can serve as a source of virus for uninfected mites.
Palliation by Chemotherapy
Authors: Bernard Roswit
Journal: JAMA (1966)

It is no longer possible for the practitioner to plan effective medical care for the patient with advanced lung cancer without a clear understanding of the indications, the rewards, and the risks for the use of radiation therapy and cancer chemotherapeutic agents. Sooner or later in the course of this formidable disease, the majority of patients will require effective palliative measures to relieve distressing symptoms, improve respiratory function, prolong the period of useful activity, and maintain the morale for as long as possible. In our experience with more than 1,500 patients with inoperable lung cancer, radiation therapy was the best single agent for offering relief to the symptomatic individual with an advanced localized tumor, while chemical agents were very helpful adjuncts for the distressed patient with widely disseminated disease.<sup>1-5</sup>They are employed when radiation therapy is not available, no longer feasible, or ineffective. Radiation therapy and certain cancer-inhibiting drugs,
Cutaneous‐mucosal allergic contact reaction due to topical corticosteroids
Authors: M. A. Gonzalo Garijo, P. Bobadilla González
Journal: Allergy (1995)

We report the case of a 41‐year‐old nonatopic woman with a previous history of eczematous reaction due to hydrocortisone who suffered worsening of her perennial rhinitis in association with perinasal dematitis from the use of budesonide in nasal spray form, and stomatitis and pharyngitis due to budesonide in a bronchial inhaler. Patch tests with a series of 25 corticosteroids, some of them at different concentrations and in different vehicles, were positive to tixocortol pivalate, hydrocortisone, budesonide, prednisolone, hydrocortisone butyrate propionate, triamcinolone acetonide, and fluocinolone acetonide. For some of them, a 1 % solution in ethanol gave a positive reaction when a 20% mixture in petrolatum did not. Like other authors, we suggest that some multiple positives may represent sensitization to several steroids independently, true cross‐reactions, or both, and that ethanol is a better vehicle than petrolatum.
Anaphylactic Reactions after Gamma Globulin Administration in Patients with Hypogammaglobulinemia
Authors: Arvil Wesley Burks, Hugh A. Sampson, Rebecca H. Buckley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

VYAS and co-workers1 were the first to identify anti-IgA antibodies as the cause of anaphylactic reactions to human blood products in patients with selective IgA deficiency. Other reports of anaphylaxis due to anti-IgA antibodies soon followed,2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 including several reports of anaphylactic reactions in patients with common variable immunodeficiency.3 4 5 6 7 8 , 11 Although such patients have severe defects in antibody production, they often retain the ability to produce autoantibodies. Gamma globulin replacement is essential in the management of hypogammaglobulinemia,6 in contrast to selective IgA deficiency. Therefore, it is important to find ways to circumvent these life-threatening anaphylactic reactions and to provide adequate replacement therapy. . . .
On the Prognostic Value of Haemoptysis
Authors: J. B. Bradbury
Journal: BMJ (1871)

HIRMOPTYSIS is usually regarded by medical men as a symptom of such grave import, that when a patient informs us he has been spitting blood we regard it as tantamount to telling us that he is suffering from organic disease either of the lungs or heart.The chief object which I have in view in this paper is to endeavour to show that pulmonary haemorrhage is not a symptom of such unfa- vourable augury as we are apt to consider it, but that it not unfrequently occurs in persons in whom neither phthisis nor serious cardiac disease can be detected.It will be well at the outset to enumerate the chief conditions under which hoemoptysis usually takes place, and then to consider the value to be attached to its occurrence in the several diseases of which it is but one form of expression.Expectoration of blood (exclusive of those cases in which it arises from a blow on the thorax, orfrom the mouth and fauces, or from ulceration of the larynx and trachea) may occur as follows: In vicarious menstruation; in hysterical women, though the catamenia are regular; in pregnant and suckling women; in the haemorrhagic diathesis, purpura, scurvy, etc.; in bronchitis; in emphysema and asthma; in pneumonia; in pulmonary consumption; in pulmonary apoplexy; in disease of the heart and great vessels ; etc.The hoemoptysis which is vicarious of menstruation is probably the most favourable form of blood-spitting.A short time ago a young woman came to me stating that she was spitting blood.Upon inquiry, I found that she had no symptoms indicative of pulmonary disease be- yond the raising of blood and a slight cough; she had not, however, menstruated per vaginam for a considerable time.Physical examina- tion of her chest revealed nothing abnormal.I ascertained that the
Prognostic factors in pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus
Authors: M. Saha, B. Bhogal, M.M. Black, D. Cooper, R.W. Vaughan, R.W. Groves
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

Pemphigus typically has a chronic course, although there is great variability in disease duration (DD) and time taken to disease remission (DR) between individuals with the disease. The reasons for this are unclear.To explore the prognostic influence of epidemiological, clinical, immunological and genetic factors on disease course and remission in pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF).This was a retrospective study of patients with PV and PF, recruited from a single UK centre. Direct and indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay studies for antidesmoglein (Dsg) antibodies were used to assess immunological factors. Polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) was used to assess the Class II human leukocyte antigen status of patients. Prognostic endpoints investigated were time to initial first DR and total DD.Ninety-five patients were recruited (79 PV and 16 PF). Patients of Indo-Asian origin were significantly associated with longer DD than White-British patients (P = 0.029). In addition, younger age at onset was associated with a worse prognosis in terms of DD: the mean age at presentation of patients with DD of < 5 years was 49 years (SEM = 3.4) compared with 40 years (SEM = 1.9) in those with DD > 5 years (P = 0.039). A higher initial intercellular antibody titre on normal human skin substrate was associated with a greater time to initial DR (P = 0.007) and high anti-Dsg 3 levels at baseline were associated with a longer total DD (P = 0.03).Ethnic group, age at presentation, initial intercellular antibody titre and initial Dsg 3 antibody levels all had a significant impact on prognosis of pemphigus.
Scleroderma and the Esophagus
Authors: Peter Witt, Eapen Thomas
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1984Scleroderma and the EsophagusPETER WITT, M.D., EAPEN THOMAS, M.D.PETER WITT, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, EAPEN THOMAS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-4-566_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Schneider and colleagues (1) have emphasized that the diagnosis of scleroderma should be considered when the lower two thirds of the esophagus (the smooth muscle segment) shows aperistalsis and low pressure in the lower sphincter. However, similar changes may be caused by other rheumatic diseases (2-5). One fact that has not been recognized in scleroderma is that severe skin involvement in the cervical region may indirectly affect upper esophageal function.We recently saw a patient with classical features of scleroderma whose major symptom was transfer dysphagia and nasal regurgitation. Esophageal manometry showed normal lower esophageal sphincter pressure,...References1. SCHNEIDER H, YONKER R, LONGLEY S, KATZ P, MATHIAS J, and PANUSH R. Scleroderma esophagus: a nonspecific entity. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:848-50. LinkGoogle Scholar2. STEVENS M, HOOKMAN P, and SIEGEL C. Aperistalsis of the esophagus in patients with connective tissue disorders and Raynaud's phenomenon. N Engl J Med 1964;270:1218-22. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. SALADIN T, FRENCH A, ZARAFONETIS C, and POLLARD H. Esophageal motor abnormalities in scleroderma and related diseases. Am J Dig Dis. 1966;11:522-35. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. TURNER R, LIPSHUTZ W, MILLER W, RITTENBERG G, SCHUMACHER H, and COHEN S. Esophageal dysfunction in collagen disease. Am J Med Sci. 1973;265:191-2. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. MUKHOPADHYAY A and GRAHAM D. Esophageal motor dysfunction in systemic disease. Arch Intern Med. 1976;136:583-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: PETER WITT, M.D.; EAPEN THOMAS, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1984Volume 101, Issue 4 Page: 566-567 Keywords Dysphagia Esophagus Scleroderma Smooth muscles ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...