tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The mechanism of action of the C3b inactivator (conglutinogen- activating factor) on its naturally occurring substrate, the major fragment of the third component of complement (C3b)
Authors: JD Gitlin, FS Rosen, PJ Lachmann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

The fixation of the third component of complement (C3) results in many important biological phenomenon, among which are (a) immune adherence (1), (b) enhancement of phagocytosis (2,3), (c) the release of an anaphylatoxin which is a potent releaser of histamine (4), and (d) the feedback activation of the alternative pathway (5,6). The physiological mechanisms involving C3 fixation require the generation of a C3 convertase which may occur by two separate pathways. C3 convertase can be generated, in the form of C42, by the so-called classical pathway of activation or in the form C3b,B by the alternative or properdin pathway (7). In both cases, C3 is converted to C3b by cleavage of a small peptide, C3a. Normal human serum contains an inactivator of activated C3b. This C2b inactivator or conglutinogen-activating factor (KAF) has been shown to inhibit both immune hemolysis and the immune adherence properties of C3b and to cause cleavage of C3b in the fixed and fluid- phase stages (8-11). Although it is known that the C3b inactivator is not depleted during its reaction with C3b and that C3b treated with the C3b inactivator becomes extremely sensitive to proteolytic digestion by trypsin and trypsin-like enzymes (9), the exact molecular nature of the action of the C3b inactivator on C3b has not been studied. In an effort to delineate the products of this interaction, purified C3b and C3b inactivator were allowed to react for various specific lengths of time and the products of these reactions were then analyzed.
Reply to Dr. Worcester.
Authors: W. W. Parker
Journal: JAMA (1894)

Richmond, Va. April 25, 1894. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Allow me a few lines in reply to the "open" and "sweet-spirited letter" of your fair correspondent, O. E. Worcester, M.D., of Florida, in your issue of April 21: The age of legal consent in Virginia is 14 years. Twenty years ago I organized a Magdalen Home and have been its President ever since. Your account of "a domestic chloroformed in a physician's office" must be taken with a "grain of allowance." I have learned to have little faith in the excuses for women's fall told by themselves. It is the old story. The dishonorable doctor spoken of was not worthy of belief. Bad men always believe others as bad as themselves. This man is a slanderer of his brethren. But as I have sent your correspondent my pamphlet on "
Aspirin as Preventive Therapy in Patients With Asymptomatic Vascular Disease
Authors: Jeffrey S. Berger
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Studies on 2-(3-benzoylphenyl) propionic acid (Orudis). A double-blind cross-over trial in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an assessment of its influence on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes.
Authors: B J Cathcart, J D Vince, A J Gordon, M A Bell, I M Chalmers
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1973)

3 = no change; 4 = worse; 5 = much worse).A similar record was made of the physician's assessment of the patient's progress.
The Medically Uninsured — Will They Always Be with Us?
Authors: S A Schroeder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

A constant feature of health care in the United States is our national willingness to tolerate having large numbers of people without health insurance. This is in stark contrast to the situation in virtually every other developed country, where guaranteed health insurance is provided either by the state or through employers, with government backup for the unemployed. In our country from time to time, the issue of expanded health insurance coverage, or even universal coverage, erupts onto the national scene — as it did in 1948, 1965, 1973, and 1993 — usually propelled by public demands for greater security in . . .
RETROPERITONEAL HEMORRHAGE SIMULATING ACUTE PERITONITIS
Authors: WARREN H. COLE
Journal: JAMA (1931)

During the past few years I have had the opportunity of observing three or four patients with retroperitoneal hemorrhage with acute symptoms of short duration. On all occasions, because of the similarity of symptoms and signs to those of early peritonitis caused by appendicitis or a ruptured viscus, laparotomy was advised and performed. Although the preoperative diagnosis was erroneous in all the cases, an operation on three of the four patients really was found to be a necessary procedure. Appreciating the difficulty in distinguishing between retroperitoneal hemorrhage and early peritonitis, I sought aid from the literature but was surprised to learn that there are practically no references to retroperitoneal hemorrhage in the literature, at least during the past ten years.<sup>1</sup>Neither could any information of significance be found in the surgical textbooks of recent years. However, I did find a short report of two cases by Bonar<sup>2</sup>of
Cholesterol-lowering effect of ursodeoxycholic acid in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Renée E. Poupon, Khadija Ouguerram, Yves Chrétien, Claudine Verneau, Eveline Eschwège, Thierry Magot, Raoul Poupon
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

We have previously shown in a 2-yr controlled trial that hypercholesterolemia, frequent in primary biliary cirrhosis, is lowered by ursodeoxycholic acid (13 to 15 mg daily). To further investigate this effect, we analyzed the influence of long-term ursodeoxycholic acid administration on serum lipids, lipoproteins and bile acids. The study involved a subgroup of 33 noncirrhotic patients (17 received ursodeoxycholic acid and 16 received a placebo) analyzed at inclusion and after 2 yr. The total serum cholesterol concentration was markedly reduced in the ursodeoxycholic acid-treated patients in comparison with the controls (mean +/- S.E.M. = 7.49 +/- 0.42 mmol/L and 7.07 +/- 0.23 mmol/L at entry and 4.44 +/- 0.40 mmol/L and 6.89 +/- 0.27 mmol/L at 2 yr in the ursodeoxycholic acid and placebo groups, respectively; p < 0.02). Quantitatively, this decrease was mainly caused by a fall in low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, but very low density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels also fell significantly. High-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels remained stable in both groups, but the high-density-lipoprotein2/high-density-lipoprotein3 cholesterol ratio fell significantly during ursodeoxycholic acid treatment. No significant change occurred in total triglyceride or total phospholipid levels. In the treated group, the proportion of ursodeoxycholic acid increased (up to 60% of total circulating bile acids), whereas that of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids fell significantly. In conclusion, the cholesterol-lowering effect of ursodeoxycholic acid could be related to an improvement of cholestasis, modifications in cholesterol metabolism or both. Changes in endogenous bile acid composition induced by ursodeoxycholic acid might be the common denominator of these two mechanisms.
Excitation-contraction coupling in heart IX. Changes in the intracellular stores of calcium in failing hearts due to lack of substrate and oxygen
Authors: C. W. TOMLINSON, N. S. DHALLA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1973)

The levels of calcium in mitochondrial and microsomal fractions decreased in isolated rat hearts which failed to generate contractile force on perfusion with aerobic substratefree medium for 2 hr. Similar changes in the contents of calcium in the subcellular fractions of the hearts, in which contractility decreased by 80% of the control, were noted on perfusion for 30 min with hypoxic medium. These results reveal the importance of exogenous substrate and oxygen for the maintenance of the intracellular stores of the heart.
Plasma Lipoprotein(a) Levels Are Not Influenced by Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Antonio Pérez, Gemma Carreras, Assumpta Caixàs, Agustina Castellví, Agueda Caballero, Rosa Bonet, Jordi Ordóñez-Llanos, Alberto de Leiva
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of glycemic control improvement with intensive therapy on lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] concentrations in type 1 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 105 poorly controlled type 1 diabetic patients (60 men, 45 women) without diabetic complications participated in a longitudinal study performed in a tertiary referral center, to compare lipid, lipoprotein, and Lp(a) levels before and after 3 months of intensive therapy with multiple insulin doses. Lp(a) levels were measured by the Terumo method. Differences between the two periods were assessed by the paired t test and Wilcoxon's test. RESULTS After 3 months of intensive therapy, all patients exhibited improved glycemic control. HbA1c decreased from 8.9 ± 2.4 to 6.5 ± 1.6% (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), being ≤6% in 47% of patients. However, although a more favorable lipoprotein profile was obtained, no changes in Lp(a) concentrations were observed in the whole group of patients (16.7 ± 17.3 vs. 17.2 ± 17.7 mg/dl) or in patients with baseline Lp(a) levels above 30 mg/dl (47.1 ± 14.8 vs. 47.4 ± 18.9 mg/dl) or below 30 mg/dl (9.6 ± 7.3 vs. 10.2 ± 6.7 mg/dl). In addition, patients reaching HbA1c ≤6 or &amp;gt;6% presented similar Lp(a) levels (19.7 ± 18.0 vs. 15.0 ± 17.4 mg/dl), and changes in Lp(a) did not correlate with those observed in HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that the improvement of glycemic control does not influence plasma Lp(a) concentrations in type 1 diabetic patients independently of baseline Lp(a) levels and the degree of glycemic control.
Asymmetric Muscle Activity on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Xavier Palard, Sébastien Carai, Pierre-Yves Le Roux, Pierre-Yves Salaün, Ronan Abgral
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

A 51-year-old man referred to our department to undergo an F-FDG PET/CT to detect primary tumor 7 days after diagnosis of one left brain metastasis on MRI in the aftermath of acute right-sided hemiparesis. F-FDG PET/CT was performed without sufficient fasting period. It showed abnormal uptake in the left apical lung nodule, suspicious for primary tumor. Moreover, F-FDG PET/CT showed extensive skeletal muscle accumulation which was more significant as expected but concerning only the left side of the body. So, acute right-sided hemiparesis was responsible for no muscle uptake, probably explained by denervation and altered muscle energetics.
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole for Acute Dysuria in Women: A Single-Dose or 10-Day Course
Authors: STEPHAN D. FIHN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

To compare single-dose and 10-day treatment regimens of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in women with acute dysuria, urgency, or urinary frequency.Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Student health center at a major university.Consecutive sample of 255 young women including 216 with a bacteriologically documented urinary tract infection.Single-dose treatment (trimethoprim, 320 mg and sulfamethoxazole, 1600 mg) given to 116 women and 10-day treatment (trimethoprim, 160 mg and sulfamethoxazole, 800 mg, twice daily) given to 125 women. Women with a history of sulfonamide allergy were given trimethoprim alone: 10 received single-dose treatment (200 mg) and 5 received 10-day treatment (100 mg, twice daily).The rates for resolution of symptoms at 3 days, 13 days, and 6 weeks after entry into the study were not significantly different between treatment groups. Among women with urinary tract infections, cumulative crude rates of recurrence in the single-dose and 10-day treatment groups, respectively, were 24% compared with 5% at 13 days after entry (P = 0.0002; 95% confidence interval [CI] for difference in proportions, 10%, 28%) and 32% compared with 21% at 6 weeks after entry (P = 0.07; 95% Cl, -2%, 24%). Factors independently associated with lower cure rates were a history of a urinary tract infection within the previous 6 weeks (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.8; 95% Cl, 1.4 to 10.6) and presence of 10(5) bacteria/mL or greater in an initial midstream culture (adjusted OR, 2.9; 95% Cl, 1.2 to 7.0). After controlling for these factors, the risk of failure after single-dose treatment was not statistically significantly different from 10-day treatment at 6 weeks (adjusted OR, 1.6; 95% Cl, 0.8 to 3.2; P = 0.21). Compared to 10-day treatment, single-dose treatment less effectively eradicated Escherichia coli from the vaginal flora (P less than 0.001) and led more often to early same-strain recurrences (P = 0.003). Meaningful adverse effects occurred in 12% of women given single-dose treatment compared with 25% of women receiving 10-day treatment (P = 0.009).Compared with single-dose treatment, 10-day treatment yields a superior cure rate at 2 weeks after the start of treatment, but by 6 weeks the advantage of longer treatment no longer exists. This effect may be explained by the lesser effectiveness of single-dose treatment in eradicating vaginal E. coli, resulting in more frequent same-strain recurrences within 2 weeks of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Endoscopic treatment of transcolonic misplacement of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube
Authors: S. von Delius, W. Huber, T. Dienemann, J. Gaa, M. Frandah, R. Schmid, A. Meining
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

An 80-year-old man, who had received a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube 5 months earlier, was referred to our institution for further evaluation of bloody diarrhea. Physical examination revealed a reduced level of consciousness and left-sided abdominal tenderness. Endoscopy demonstrated inflamed, edematous and partly necrotic colonic mucosa consistent with ischemic colitis. To our surprise, a PEG tube traversing the sigmoid at 40 cm from the anus was seen ([Fig. 1]) with abdominal transillumination at the site of PEG entry ([Fig. 2]). A computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen confirmed the PEG tube running through the colon with the internal bumper correctly lying within the stomach ([Fig. 3]). In addition, thickening of the left-sided colonic wall was demonstrated. Three days later and after initiation of antibiotic therapy, colonoscopy and gastroscopy were performed to remove the misplaced PEG tube ([Video 1]). The PEG tube was gastroscopically retrieved with a snare. The removal was simultaneously observed with the colonoscope, and endoscopic clips were immediately placed to close the colonic perforations ([Fig. 4]). Clips were also applied to close the gastric perforation from within the stomach. Leak testing with air and methylene blue injections through the colonoscope confirmed complete closures of the gastrocolic and colocutaneous fistulas, respectively. Finally, a new PEG tube was introduced using the pull technique following positive transillumination. The patient recovered rapidly and could be discharged on hospital day 7.
Care of Children Who Are Dying of Cancer
Authors: Elaine R. Morgan, Sharon B. Murphy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Each year, about 12,400 children in the United States are given a diagnosis of cancer. Over the past 30 years, scientific and technological advances, the advent of specialized pediatric cancer centers for treatment, and the results of cooperative group studies have improved overall survival from 10 percent to more than 70 percent. Nevertheless, cancer still remains the leading cause of death from disease in childhood; only accidents and firearms kill more children. In 1998, 2500 children died of cancer-related causes in the United States.1 Unfortunately, improvements in the management of care at the end of life in children with cancer . . .
COMPACT and molecular structure in toxicity assessment: a prospective evaluation of 30 chemicals currently being tested for rodent carcinogenicity by the NCI/NTP.
Authors: D F Lewis, C Ioannides, D V Parke
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

A new series of 30 miscellaneous National Toxicology Program chemicals has been evaluated prospectively for carcinogenicity and overt toxicity by COMPACT (Computer Optimised Molecular Parametric Analysis for Chemical Toxicity. CYP1A and CYP2E1). Evaluations were also made by Hazardexpert, and for metal ion redox potentials; and these, together with COMPACT, were compared with results from the Ames test for mutagenicity in Salmonella, the micronucleus test, and 90-day subchronic rodent pathology. Seven of the 30 chemicals (nitromethane, chloroprene, xylenesulphonic acid, furfuryl alcohol, anthraquinone, emodin, cinnamaldehyde) were positive for potential carcinogenicity in the COMPACT evaluation; xylenesulphonic acid and furfuryl alcohol were only equivocally positive. Four of the 30 chemicals-scopolamine, D&C Yellow No. 11, citral, cinnamaldehyde-were positive by Hazardexpert; 6 of 30-D&C Yellow No. 11, 1-chloro-2-propanol, anthraquinone, emodin, sodium nitrite, cinnamaldehyde-were positive in the Ames test; 2 of 30-phenolphthalein and emodin-were positive in the in vivo cytogenetics test; and 3 of 30-molybdenum trioxide, gallium arsenide, vanadium pentoxide-were metal compounds with redox potentials of the metal/metal ion indicative of possible carcinogenicity. The overall prediction for carcinogenicity was positive for 12 of 30 chemicals: nitromethane, chloroprene, D&C Yellow No. 11, molybdenum trioxide, 1-chloro-2-propanol, furfuryl alcohol, gallium arsenide, anthraquinone, emodin, sodium nitrite, cinnamaldehyde, vanadium pentoxide). This overall prediction has been made on the basis of the results of the computer tests and from consideration of the information from bacterial mutagenicity, together with likely lipid solubility and pathways of metabolism and elimination.
PREPROCEDURAL PLASMA NEOPTERIN LEVELS AND CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS AFTER PRIMARY CORONARY STENT IMPLANTATION IN PATIENTS WITH STABLE ANGINA PECTORIS
Authors: Kazuki Mizutani, Kenichi Sugioka, Takahiko Naruko, Ryushi Komatsu, Satoko Wada, Yoshiki Matsumura, Masashi Nakagawa, Nobuyuki Shirai, Akira Itoh, Kazuo Haze, Minoru Yoshiyama, Makiko Ueda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
The Ballistocardiogram in Acute Rheumatic Fever
Authors: WILLIAM B. ABRAMS, GEORGE L. CHESLEY
Journal: Circulation (1954)

Sixty-four ballistocardiograms were obtained on a portable equalized electromagnetic ballistocardiograph from 18 young adult males with acute rheumatic fever. Thirteen of these subjects had clinical findings suggestive of heart involvement and five did not. Abnormal records were obtained from only one patient in each group. It appears, therefore, that abnormal ballistocardiograms are not often found in acute rheumatic fever even when evidences of cardiac involvement are present.
Candida albicans Infection of an Arteriovenous Graft Used for Hemodialysis
Authors: Daniel S. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A major complication of hemodialysis is infection of the access site. Organisms implicated in accesssite infections have included<i>Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus viridans</i>, a variety of gram-negative bacilli,<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>,<sup>1</sup>and<i>Legionella pneumophila</i>.<sup>2</sup>We report a case of a hemodialysis patient with an arteriovenous-graft infection caused by<i>Candida albicans</i>and emphasize the importance of Gram's stain in early evaluation of access-site infections. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 67-year-old man was healthy until 1984, when bilateral ureteral obstruction with renal failure developed; maintenance hemodialysis was started. In 1986, an arteriovenous shunt using a Gortex prosthesis was created in his left arm. Two weeks after surgery the patient became confused and serous yellow material was found oozing from the surgical wound. He remained afebrile, but his white blood cell count was 17·1×10<sup>9</sup>/L (17 100/mm<sup>3</sup>), with 0·65 (65%) neutrophils (10%
Diet-Heart: End of an Era
Authors: George V. Mann
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

A GENERATION of research on the diet-heart question has ended in disarray. The official line since 1950 for management of the epidemic of coronary heart disease has been a dietary treatment. Foundations, scientists and the media, both lay and scientific, have promoted low fat, low cholesterol, polyunsaturated diets, and yet the epidemic continues unabated, cholesteremia in the population is unchanged, and clinicians are unconvinced of efficacy. An editorial appeared in these pages a few months ago with the plaintive title, "Needed: New therapy for hypercholesterolemia."1 Eminent cardiologists began an essay on the subject with the thoughtful title, "Prevention of Heart . . .
Experience With a Modified Rubella Hemagglutination Inhibition Antibody Test
Authors: Louis Z. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1969)

This report confirms the value of a modification of the rubella hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody test which has eliminated the source of a troublesome problem, the random, unpredictable appearance of false positive results caused by inadequate removal of nonspecific serum inhibitors of hemagglutination. The modification consists of pretreating the test sera with a solution of manganese chloride and heparin sodium instead of kaolin suspension. The procedure is also more sensitive, rapid, and convenient, even in the hands of less experienced personnel, and should remove the last technical barrier to widespread availability of laboratory serodiagnosis for rubella. Furthermore, its use with 2-mercaptoethanol extends the range for accurate retrospective diagnosis of recent rubella.
Letting the Patient off the Hook
Authors: Yitzhak Beigel, Zalman Greenberg, Iris Ostfeld
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

A 27-year-old man was hospitalized in late September 1998 with a three-day history of low-grade fever and malaise accompanied by a nonproductive cough, without dyspnea, chills, dysuria, or diarrhea. He also had a pruritic rash covering the gluteal region. The rash and itching had started about two weeks earlier, during the last week of a month-long vacation on the coast of Thailand, and had increased in intensity despite topical treatment with fusidic acid (Fucicort) cream and calamine lotion. Two days before the patient was admitted, a dermatologist in Israel had diagnosed folliculitis and prescribed 2 g of cephalexin daily. . . .