tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Review: Interventions to reduce or modify dietary fat reduce cardiovascular events
Authors: Scott Kahan, Yoni Freedhoff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

ACP Journal Club17 January 2012Review: Interventions to reduce or modify dietary fat reduce cardiovascular eventsScott Kahan, MD, MPH, Yoni Freedhoff, MDScott Kahan, MD, MPHJohns Hopkins Weight Management Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (S.K.)Search for more papers by this author, Yoni Freedhoff, MDUniversity of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (Y.F.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-2-201201170-02005 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationHooper L, Summerbell CD, Thompson R, et al. Reduced or modified dietary fat for preventing cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(7):CD002137. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21735388Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: References1 World Health Organization. Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Guidelines for assessment and management of cardiovascular risk. Geneva. World Health Organization. 2007. Google Scholar2 He FJ, MacGregor GA. Comment: Salt reduction lowers cardiovascular risk: meta-analysis of outcome trials. Lancet. 2011;378:380-2. [PMID: 21803192] Google Scholar3 Hu FB, Manson JE, Willett WC. Types of dietary fat and risk of coronary heart disease: a critical review. J Am Coll Nutr. 2001;20:5-19. [PMID: 11293467] Google Scholar4 Shai I, Schwarzfuchs D, Henkin Y, et al; Dietary Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial (DIRECT) Group. Weight loss with a low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean, or low-fat diet. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:229-41. [PMID: 18635428] Google Scholar5 Mozaffarian D, Appel LJ, Van Horn L. Components of a cardioprotective diet: new insights. Circulation. 2011;123:2870-91. [PMID: 21690503] Google Scholar6 Wansink B, Chandon P. Can “low fat” nutrition labels lead to obesity? Journal of Marketing Research. 2006;43:605-17. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Scott Kahan, MD, MPH; Yoni Freedhoff, MDAffiliations: Johns Hopkins Weight Management Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA (S.K.)University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (Y.F.)This article was published at Annals.org on 3 January 2012. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoReview: Interventions to reduce dietary salt do not reduce mortality or morbidity Scott Kahan and Yoni Freedhoff Metrics 17 January 2012Volume 156, Issue 2Page: JC1-5KeywordsDietFatsFoodHeart failureMortalityMyocardial infarctionOilsProteinsSaltsSodium ePublished: 17 January 2012 Issue Published: 17 January 2012 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2012 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Corticosteroid Treatment of Acute Optic Neuritis
Authors: Simmons Lessell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

OPTIC neuritis is an acute inflammatory optic neuropathy with an average annual incidence of 6.4 cases per 100,000 in Olmsted County, Minnesota — the only American population for which such data are available.1 About half the cases are idiopathic, and the other half are associated with multiple sclerosis. The clinical picture of optic neuritis has been fully characterized in retrospective and prospective analyses.2 3 4 It is found in persons of all ages, with the peak incidence in the third and fourth decades. Cases in females outnumber those in males by two to one. The disorder is overwhelmingly uniocular in adults. Pain, . . .
ON SOME OF THE LIMITS OF THE ART OF SURGERY.
Authors: N. SENN
Journal: JAMA (1896)

<h3>Mr. President and Members of the American Medical Association:</h3> —Modern surgery has attained a degree of development which entitles it to the distinction of a science and an art. As a science surgery is of recent date, having been founded and perfected during the last half of the present century. As an art it has been practiced for centuries by our ancestors with credit to themselves and benefit to the injured, the crippled and the sick. When Boyer wrote the introduction to his classic work on surgery he expressed the conviction that surgery had reached perfection. How little did he dream of the great changes that would be wrought in the practice of his cherished profession by the progressive pathologists and surgeons of the next few generations! How innocent and absurd does such a statement appear in the face of the labors of such men as Virchow, Rokitansky, Rindfleisch, Klebs,
PCORI's ambitious efforts to promote transparency and dissemination of research findings
Authors: José G Merino, Elizabeth Loder
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Background/aims</h3> The aim of our study was to investigate the associations between driving self-regulation and glaucoma severity, and between driving self-regulation and glaucomatous visual field (VF) defect patterns. <h3>Methods</h3> In 247 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma included in this prospective observational study, a battery of ophthalmic examination was performed, including visual acuity (VA) and VF. Integrated binocular VF was constructed and mean of total deviation (mTD) values in four sectors was calculated (mTDsup-peri, mTDsup-centre, mTDinf-peri and mTDinf-centre). In addition, all participants answered seven questions regarding their avoidance in driving. (1) at night, (2) in rain, (3) in fog, (4) on freeways, (5) lane changing, (6) at high speed and (7) close to the car in front. The associations between these driving behaviours and 10 variables (age, gender, best VA, worst VA, the four sectorial average TD values, years holding a driver’s licence and distance driven per week) were analysed using the generalised linear model with binomial distribution, followed by the model section method using the corrected Akaike information criterion. <h3>Results</h3> As a result of the model selection, it was suggested that deterioration of mTDsup-peri was associated with (1) avoiding driving at night and (2) avoiding driving in rain. On the other hand, mTDsup-centre was related to (3) avoiding driving in fog. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Damage in visual function was related with driving behaviours in patients with glaucoma.
Role of the Pulmonary Circulation in the Distribution of Human Fetal Cardiac Output During the Second Half of Pregnancy
Authors: Juha Rasanen, Dennis C. Wood, Stuart Weiner, Abraham Ludomirski, James C. Huhta
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background By using Doppler echocardiography, we determined the normal distribution of human fetal combined cardiac output (CCO) from the left and right ventricles. We also established weight-indexed pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances (R Pi and R Si , respectively) and changes during the second half of pregnancy. Methods and Results Blood flows at the aortic and pulmonary valve annuli (LVCO and RVCO, respectively), right and left pulmonary arteries (Q P ), and ductus arteriosus (Q DA ) were calculated in 63 normal fetuses. Foramen ovale blood flow (Q FO =LVCO−Q P ) was estimated. From 20 to 30 weeks of gestation, the proportion of Q P of the CCO increased (from 13% to 25%, P &lt;.001), while the proportion of Q FO decreased (from 34% to 18%, P &lt;.001). After 30 weeks, the proportions of Q P and Q FO were unchanged. At 38 weeks, the proportion of RVCO (60%) was higher ( P &lt;.05) than that of LVCO (40%). The proportion of Q DA did not change significantly. The correlation between RVCO calculated from blood flow through the pulmonary valve and from Q DA and Q P was good ( r =.97, P &lt;.0001). R Pi ( P &lt;.001) decreased from 20 to 30 weeks of gestation. From 30 to 38 weeks, R Pi increased ( P &lt;.0001). R Si increased ( P &lt;.001) from 20 to 38 weeks. The ratio of R Pi to R Si decreased ( P &lt;.01) from 20 to 30 weeks and later remained unchanged. Conclusions The human fetal pulmonary circulation has an important role in the distribution of cardiac output.
Legalization of Medical Marijuana and Incidence of Opioid Mortality
Authors: Marie J. Hayes, Mark S. Brown
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
CURIOUS SUCCESSION OF DISEASES
Authors: G. Mallett
Journal: BMJ (1856)

g sy.In them there was complete destruction of the tu- ular tissue, and they were continuous with the deposit of fat between the hilus and the blood-vesels of the kidney.There were some few pyramids left, which only presented the features of congestion, but in a most marked manner.The specimens were exquisite illustrations of Bright's disease.The right kidney, as we have seen, represented the termination of acute nephritis, purulent destruction of the whole organ, transformation into a multilocular cyst, the loculi corresponding in number with the systems of pyra- mids, filled with pus in fatty metamorphosis.There was a large deposit of fat in the hilus, and the ureter was ob- literated.The left kidney, on the other hand, showed the three stages of nephritis: frst, enlargement of the whole organ from hypervemia, partly perhaps due to hypertrophy, as is likely, from the chronic nature of the case, and from the increased function necessitated by the destruction of the right kidney.There was hyperEemia of single pyra- mids, fibrinous casts, extravasated blood-corpuscles, and epithelium of the tubules, in a state of incipient fatty de- generation.The second stage was represented by the yellow streaks, the enlarged tubuli in fatty degeneration, and by the ecchymosis at the base of a pyramid.Only one feature of the second stage was wanting-the granular appearance from varicose tubuli.The third stage was re- presented by the pyramids transformed into fat, and by the
Drug Development, Regulation, and the Practice of Medicine
Authors: William M. Wardell
Journal: JAMA (1974)

IN LESS than five decades, the  revolution has transformed therapeutics. The purpose of this report is to propose and examine the hypothesis that the process by which drugs are now developed and regulated has become a prototype for wider changes in the structure of medical practice.  Patients, Physicians, Government, and Industry  Before therapeutic drugs achieved their present economic importance, such development of useful new therapies as did occur (eg, quinine, digitalis, morphine, hypnotics, local and general anesthetics, cholinergics and anticholinergics, amyl nitrite, anthelmintics, antiscorbutics, hormones, and vitamins) stemmed mainly from the academic and professional communities. The main change of the past 50 years is the nearly total transfer of the responsibility for developing new drugs to the pharmaceutical industry, supervised by government. Industry's participation developed because of the enormous increase in the cost and complexity of drug development, 1 and because of the profitability of the process. Government's entry
Uterine NK cells: active regulators at the maternal-fetal interface
Authors: Ashley Moffett, Francesco Colucci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Pregnancy presents an immunological conundrum because two genetically different individuals coexist. The maternal lymphocytes at the uterine maternal-fetal interface that can recognize mismatched placental cells are T cells and abundant distinctive uterine NK (uNK) cells. Multiple mechanisms exist that avoid damaging T cell responses to the fetus, whereas activation of uNK cells is probably physiological. Indeed, genetic epidemiological data suggest that the variability of NK cell receptors and their MHC ligands define pregnancy success; however, exactly how uNK cells function in normal and pathological pregnancy is still unclear, and any therapies aimed at suppressing NK cells must be viewed with caution. Allorecognition of fetal placental cells by uNK cells is emerging as the key maternal-fetal immune mechanism that regulates placentation.
Liking more or hating less? A modest defence of intergroup contact theory
Authors: Rupert Brown
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract Here, I argue that Dixon et al. have overstated the prevalence of “benevolent” forms of prejudice; many stigmatised groups are currently the targets of overtly hostile evaluation and treatment by others (e.g., Muslims; immigrant groups). I also believe that the target article oversimplifies its presentation of prejudice researchers' primary theoretical and policy goals and that it overlooks important work in intergroup emotions.
Psychological Profile and Ventilatory Response to Inspiratory Resistive Loading
Authors: MARC H. LAVIETES, CARLOS W. SANCHEZ, LANA A. TIERSKY, NEIL S. CHERNIACK, BENJAMIN H. NATELSON
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

The purpose of this study was to explore the contribution of psychological state to both the ventilatory response and the intensity of dyspnea experienced after the addition of small inspiratory loads to breathing. We hypothesized that patients with either a specific psychiatric diagnosis or a specific psychological trait will associate a greater degree of dyspnea with a loaded breathing task than will control subjects. To insure the inclusion of persons with relevant psychological profiles, we recruited both subjects enrolled in the Chronic Fatigue Center and normal control subjects. In all, 52 subjects inspired first through a small (1.34 cm H2O/L/s) and second through a moderate (3.54 cm H2O/L/s) inspiratory resistive load (IRL). Ventilation was monitored throughout the 5-min sessions. Dyspnea was quantified with the Borg scale at specified times during the protocol. Standard psychological tests were administered. We found that subjects could be divided into two groups. One, the “responders,” reported Borg scores higher than those of the second, or “nonresponder” group, at all times during the protocol. By contrast, there was no difference between groups with respect to ventilation. Responders had higher scores on tests of depression (the Center for Epidemiological Study depression scale) than did nonresponders. We conclude that the variability observed in subjective responses to IRL is explained, in part, by differences in psychological state. Lavietes MH, Sanchez CW, Tiersky LA, Cherniack NS, Natelson BH. Psychological profile and ventilatory response to inspiratory resistive loading.
Doctor of Pharmacy-Reply
Authors: John A. Biles
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In Reply.—  Mr Routzahn states that  first five years of study in both  baccalaureate and PharmD curricula are almost identical. This suggestion is not supported by  accreditation council for schools of pharmacy, namely,  American Council on Pharmaceutical Education. I refer  readers to  accreditation manual of this council, pages II-B-6, E. The council's accreditation standards state that the doctor of pharmacy program is not derived by  simple expedient of adding one year to  baccalaureate in pharmacy curriculum, but is designed to achieve specific educational objectives for students. The intent of  curriculum is not only to expand  pharmacists' clinical skills (training) but to expand  pharmacists' knowledge (education). The council is explicit in detailing  characteristics of  doctor of pharmacy curriculum and essential resources and other considerations.  In regard to Mr Routzahn's second comment, I made no such implication. It was
A retiring sort of chap
Authors: R. Mulroy
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The last few months of my 33 years in the practice were the most difficult of my professional life. Once the letter was sent and the resignation accepted, my whole life and thought centred on that Thursday in June. I was aware that after that my reputation would rest only in my notes and in the memories of patients and partners. And memories last only for a while.

My notes became more assiduous. I investigated everything and referred more easily. One of the great benefits of general practice has always been that it usually provides opportunities to correct errors and make good any omissions. Soon these second chances would be no more. Inadequacy, default, and frank mistake would be inherited by my partners, and while I had faith in their loyalty I could not bear embarrassment, even by proxy. My anxieties verged on the psychotic and built to a crescendo before each surgery and at the ringing of even a distant telephone. Eventually, as April became May, I realised that I could no longer cope and I brought in a partner. While this eased the anxiety of out of hours work, it left me depressed by my own inadequacy.

Each consultation, too, was a bereavement. …
Thiopurine Methyltransferase Genotype Predicts Therapy-Limiting Severe Toxicity from Azathioprine
Authors: Alison J. Black
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Substantial hematologic toxicity limits the use of azathioprine.To evaluate 1) polymorphic inactivation of azathioprine by thiopurine methyltransferase and 2) clinical toxicity.Prospective cohort study.Two rheumatology units.67 patients for whom azathioprine was prescribed as second-line therapy for rheumatic disease.Polymerase chain reaction-based assays were used to detect mutations in thiopurine methyltransferase. The primary end point was discontinuation of azathioprine therapy because of toxicity.Six of 67 patients (9%) were heterozygous for mutant thiopurine methyltransferase alleles. Five of the 6 patients discontinued therapy within 1 month of starting treatment because of low leukocyte counts. The sixth patient did not adhere to treatment. Patients with wild-type thiopurine methyltransferase alleles received therapy longer than did patients with mutant alleles (median duration of therapy, 39 weeks [range, 6 to 180 weeks] and 2 weeks [range, 2 to 4 weeks], respectively; P = 0.018).Analysis of thiopurine methyltransferase genotype is a quick way to identify patients at risk for acute toxicity from azathioprine.
Attention is not unitary
Authors: Geoffrey F. Woodman, Edward K. Vogel, Steven J. Luck
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

A primary proposal of the Cowan target article is that capacity limits arise in working memory because only 4 chunks of information can be attended at one time. This implies a single, unitary attentional focus or resource; we instead propose that relatively independent attentional mech- anisms operate within different cognitive subsystems depending on the demands of the current stimuli and tasks.
A human monoclonal macroglobulin with specificity for alpha(2----8)-linked poly-N-acetyl neuraminic acid, the capsular polysaccharide of group B meningococci and Escherichia coli K1, which crossreacts with polynucleotides and with denatured DNA.
Authors: E A Kabat, K G Nickerson, J Liao, L Grossbard, E F Osserman, E Glickman, L Chess, J B Robbins, R Schneerson, Y H Yang
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

We have described an IgM antibody from a patient with macroglobulinemia specifically reacting with poly-alpha(2----8)N-acetyl neuraminic acid (NeuNAc) the capsular polysaccharide of two important human pathogens, group B meningococcus and E. coli K1. This antibody has a narrowly defined specificity in its interactions with polysaccharides, being unable to bind poly-alpha(2----9)NeuNAc or alternating poly-alpha(2----8)alpha(2----9)NeuNAc. However, it shows interesting crossreactivity with seemingly unrelated polynucleotides and denatured DNA, supporting the hypothesis that charged groups with a given spacing may determine the specificity of antigen-antibody interactions on otherwise dissimilar molecular structures. Despite the crossreactivity with denatured DNA and polynucleotides, the antibody does not appear to have adverse effects in the patient. The antibody protects newborn rats against E. coli K1 infection, as well as the standard horse antiserum H46, and one would expect it to prove useful in humans as an adjunct to antibiotic therapy in infections with group B meningococcus and E. coli K1. We have attempted to clone the antibody-producing cells from peripheral blood, and have shown that the relevant cells are present and can be cultured.
Pancreatic Sphincterotomy and Pancreatic Endoprosthesis
Authors: T. Fuji, H. Amano, K. Harima, T. Aibe, F. Asagami, K. Kinukawa, S. Ariyama, T. Takemoto
Journal: Endoscopy (1985)

Recently, endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST), developed as a treatment of bile duct stone or papillary stenosis, has been used for transpapillary biliary drainage in cases of extrahepatic biliary stenosis. For the nonoperative treatment of chronic pancreatitis, we have developed this procedure into a technique for opening the pancreatic duct orifice.
Value of measurement of alveolo-arterial gradient of PCO2 compared to pulmonary scan in diagnosis of thromboembolic pulmonary disease
Authors: J. Vereerstraeten, A. Schoutens, M. Tombroff, J. P. De Koster
Journal: Thorax (1973)

The alveolo-arterial gradient of Pco<sub>2</sub> was measured and the percentage of ventilated but unperfused alveoli was derived from Severinghaus9s formula in 312 patients divided into five groups according to clinical symptoms, biological, radiographic, scintigraphic or pathological data—87 patients with proved thromboembolic disease, 41 with probable thromboembolic disease, 67 with possible thromboembolic disease, 101 with non-embolic pulmonary disease, and 16 cases of miscellaneous cardiac diseases. After all capnographic curves without an alveolar plateau had been eliminated, 223 capnograms (71%) were examined. In 59% of the patients with proved thromboembolic disease, the percentage of ventilated but unperfused alveoli was abnormal (&gt;15%). In this group the mean percentage of ventilated but unperfused alveoli (16·3%) was significantly different from the value obtained in the remaining groups. This test was positive in 40% of the patients with probable thromboembolic disease but it was also positive in 22·5% of the cases of miscellaneous pulmonary and cardiac non-embolic diseases. Compared to the lung scan, this method was less sensitive but also less equivocal in patients with preexisting cardiopulmonary disorders. Estimates of the pulmonary vascular defect by these two methods did not always correspond.
Clinical Significance of BIM Deletion Polymorphism in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation
Authors: Kazutoshi Isobe, Yoshinobu Hata, Naobumi Tochigi, Kyohei Kaburaki, Hiroshi Kobayashi, Takashi Makino, Hajime Otsuka, Fumitomo Sato, Fumiaki Ishida, Naoshi Kikuchi, Nao Hirota, Keita Sato, Go Sano, Keishi Sugino, Susumu Sakamoto, Yujiro Takai, Kazutoshi Shibuya, Akira Iyoda, Sakae Homma
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)