tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Smoking and Postabsorptive Serum Lipid Levels
Authors: Antanas Butkus
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Reports concerning the blood lipid levels of smokers and nonsmokers are conflicting; some population studies reveal that heavy cigarette smokers have slightly elevated serum cholesterol values in comparison to nonsmokers,<sup>1,2</sup>while other investigators have found no relationship between blood lipid levels and smoking.<sup>3,4</sup> Among numerous variables in such epidemiological studies, the work of Thomas and Cohen<sup>5</sup>and Krut et al<sup>6</sup>suggest that the diet of smokers may differ from that of nonsmokers and this may lead to differences in serum lipid levels. Results of previous short-term experiments have indicated that cigarette smoking has little if any effect on the serum cholesterol level.<sup>7-9</sup>We have extended the experiment to four hours of heavy smoking and studied the effects of it on fasting blood lipid levels of habitual smokers and nonsmokers, using the same subjects for the experiment as for control. <h3>Methods</h3> The subjects were male and
Adrenal axis function does not appear to be associated with hemodynamic improvement in septic shock patients systematically receiving glucocorticoid therapy
Authors: Jerome Morel, Christophe Venet, Yannis Donati, David Charier, Jerome Liotier, Delphine Frere-Meunier, Stephane Guyomarc'h, Eric Diconne, Jean Claude Bertrand, Bertrand Souweine, Laurent Papazian, Fabrice Zeni
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2006)
An inherited enzymatic defect in porphyria cutanea tarda: decreased uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity.
Authors: J P Kushner, A J Barbuto, G R Lee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1976)

Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity was measured in liver and erythrocytes of normal subjects and in patients with porphyria cutanea tarda and their relatives. In patients with porphyria cutanea tarda, hepatic uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity was significantly reduced (mean 0.43 U/mg protein; range 0.25-0.99) as compared to normal subjects (mean 1.61 U/mg protein; range 1.27-2.42). Erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase was also decreased in patients with porphyria cutanea tarda. The mean erythrocyte enzymatic activity in male patients was 0.23 U/mg Hb (range 0.16-0.30) and in female patients was 0.17 U/mg Hb (range 0.15-0.18) as compared with mean values in normal subjects of 0.38 U/mg Hb (range 0.33-0.45) in men and 0.26 U/mg Hb (range 0.18-0.36) in women. With the erythrocyte assay, multiple examples of decreased uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity were detected in members of three families of patients with porphyria cutanea tarda. In two of these families subclinical porphyria was also recognized. The inheritance pattern was consistant with an autosomal dominant trait. The difference in erythrocyte enzymatic activity between men and women was not explained but could have been due to estrogens. This possibility was supported by the observation that men under therapy with estrogens for carcinoma of the prostate had values in the normal female range. It is proposed that porphyria cutanea tarda results from the combination of an inherited defect in uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase and an acquired factor, usually siderosis associated with alcoholic liver disease.
Effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on pressure-induced left ventricular hypertrophy in rats.
Authors: W Zierhut, H G Zimmer, A M Gerdes
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

The influence of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on the development of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy due to stenosis of the aortic arch was studied in female Sprague-Dawley rats. The aortic arch was banded to an outer diameter of 1.0 mm. After 14 days, LV and right ventricular functional parameters and transstenotic pressure gradient were measured in anesthetized rats. In addition, regional heart weights were determined, and myocytes of three different heart regions were isolated and subjected to morphometric analysis. To inhibit the angiotensin converting enzyme, ramipril was administered orally by gavage in a single daily dose of 1 mg/kg. Rats with aortic stenosis showed a marked increase in LV systolic pressure, mean prestenotic aortic pressure, and LV stroke work compared with sham-operated rats and demonstrated a systolic transstenotic pressure gradient of 82 mm Hg. This increase in LV hemodynamic load was paralleled by the development of LV hypertrophy as determined by a 37% increase in LV weight and by a 20% increase in cell volume of isolated LV myocytes. Concomitant ramipril treatment did not significantly affect LV functional parameters. The transstenotic pressure gradient was the same as in untreated rats with aortic stenosis. Likewise, the weight gain of the LV as well as the development of cellular hypertrophy of the LV were not influenced. Thus, in this model, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition did not reduce the development of LV hypertrophy independent of the hemodynamic load.
In vivo induction of anergy in peripheral V beta 8+ T cells by staphylococcal enterotoxin B.
Authors: B L Rellahan, L A Jones, A M Kruisbeek, A M Fry, L A Matis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

We have developed a model of peripheral in vivo T cell tolerance that is induced by administration of the protein superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). Rather than activating V beta 8+ T cells, in vivo administration of SEB induced in them a profound state of anergy. This was shown by their failure to proliferate to subsequent in vitro restimulation with SEB or to anti-V beta 8 antibodies. This unresponsiveness was V beta 8 specific since T cells from SEB-immunized mice responded normally to other antigens. 8 d after SEB administration, there was no reduction in the number of V beta 8+ T cells or in the intensity of V beta 8 T cell receptor (TCR) expression. Although a portion of the V beta 8+ T cells from SEB-primed mice were able to express interleukin 2 receptors (IL-2Rs), they failed to proliferate in response to exogenous IL-2, indicating they were defective in their IL-2 responsiveness. 2-4 wk after SEB administration, there was a reduction of approximately 50% in the number of V beta 8+ cells in immunized compared with control animals. There was, however, no reduction in the level of TCR expression on the remaining V beta 8+ cells. These data demonstrate that proteins that activate T cells in vitro in a V beta-specific manner can induce a state of anergy in peripheral T cells in vivo and may possibly further mediate clonal deletion in a portion of the tolerized cells.
Venous thromboembolism: Potentially dangerous diagnostic pitfalls arise from diagnostic tests
Authors: Oscar M Jolobe
Journal: BMJ (2006)

EDITOR—The review of venous thromboembolism by Blanna and Lip did not draw sufficient attention to the diagnostic pitfalls that are an almost inevitable consequence of the reliance that many frontline medical staff place on diagnostic tests when differentiating between three of the most life threatening chest pain syndromes.1 These I would call the three ugly sisters—namely, pulmonary embolism, dissecting aortic …
A note on Robert Willan's Edinburgh days
Authors: P.J. HARE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

Journal Article A note on Robert Willan's Edinburgh days Get access P.J. HARE P.J. HARE Department of Dermatology, The Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 88, Issue 6, 1 June 1973, Pages 615–617, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1973.tb08028.x Published: 01 June 1973 Article history Accepted: 28 November 1972 Published: 01 June 1973
Some selenoproteins possibly involved in the development of Alzheimer’s disease: hints from the interaction proteins
Authors: Qiong Liu, Chao Wang, Xifeng Qiao, Ping Chen, Jing Tian, Jiazuan Ni
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2012)

Background Selenoprotein is any protein containing seleno-cysteine (Sec) encoded by UGA, a stop codon. Selenoproteins were discovered in eukaryote, bacteria and archaea, except for plants, fungi, some green alga and silk worm, because there is no selenoprotein synthesis system discovered in them. About 25 selenoproteins were found out in human being. Some selenoproteins were known as glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase, but the functions of other selenoproteins were still unknown. Some published data showed that selenium was prior enriched in brain when it is rare in food. It implied that selenium play some important roles in brain. The function of selenium was performed through selenoproteins. To investigate the biological function and molecular mechanism of selenium in human brain, yeast two hybridization was employed to screen the interaction proteins of selenoproteins in human brain library.
Alcohol Consumption and Breast Cancer in the Epidemiologic Follow-up Study of the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Arthur Schatzkin, D. Yvonne Jones, Robert N. Hoover, Philip R. Taylor, Louise A. Brinton, Regina G. Ziegler, Elizabeth B. Harvey, Christine L. Carter, Lisa M. Licitra, Mary C. Dufour, David B. Larson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

We investigated the relation between alcohol consumption and breast cancer in the Epidemiologic Follow-up Study of the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cohort study based on sample of the U.S. population. A total of 7188 women 25 to 74 years of age who were examined during the period 1971 through 1975 were included in the analysis. Information about alcohol consumption was obtained during the base-line interview. The median follow-up period for this cohort was 10 years. One hundred twenty-one cases of breast cancer that developed after the baseline examination were identified through hospital records or death certificates. The relative-risk estimate for any amount of drinking relative to no drinking was 1.5 (95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 2.2). The estimates for three levels of consumption, from the lowest to the highest, were 1.4 (confidence interval, 0.9 to 2.3), 1.5 (0.9 to 2.6), and 1.6 (1.0 to 2.7), in comparison to no drinking at all. These relative-risk estimates were not materially affected by adjustment for known risk factors for breast cancer or for several dietary factors. The results of this study, consistent with those of two other cohort studies and a number of case-control studies, suggest that moderate alcohol consumption is associated with an elevation in the risk of breast cancer of 50 to 100 percent.
Carbon Monoxide and Angina Pectoris
Authors: RICHARD J. LESCOE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Comments and Correction1 October 1974Carbon Monoxide and Angina PectorisRICHARD J. LESCOE, M.D.RICHARD J. LESCOE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-81-4-562_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I wish to point out that many individuals in the air pollution control field feel publication is synonomous with authenticity. I've reviewed the literature and am appalled at the poor quality experiments used to substantiate low episode criteria levels, justifying harsh abatement proceedings.I believe Doctor Aronow's studies (Ann Intern Med 77:669-676, 1972) in carbon monoxide are grossly defective. His sampling is too small, or he would not have had 30% ST-segment depression in his first series of 10 subjects, with none in his second series of 10.That all the patients had previous transmural infarction and...References1. ARONOWHARRISISBELL WCM: Effect of freeway travel on angina pectoris. Ann Intern Med 77:669-676, 1972 LinkGoogle Scholar2. ARONOWISBELL WM: Carbon monoxide effect on exercise-induced angina pectoris. Ann Intern Med 79:392-395, 1973 LinkGoogle Scholar3. ANDERSONANDELMANSTRAUCH ERJ: Effect of low-level carbon monoxide exposure on onset and duration of angina pectoris. A study in ten patients with ischemic heart disease. Ann Intern Med 79:46-50, 1973 LinkGoogle Scholar4. ARONOW W: Management of stable angina. N Engl J Med 289:516-520, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. AMSTERDAMHUGHESDEMARIA EJA: Indirect assessment of myocardial oxygen consumption in the evaluation of mechanisms and therapy of angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 33:737-743, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. ARONOW W: Postexercise evaluation of ischemic heart disease by electrocardiography, phonocardiography, apexcardiography, and systolic time intervals, in Noninvasive Methods in Cardiology, edited by ZONERAICH S. Springfield, Illinois, Charles C Thomas, Publisher. In press for 1974 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 3400 West Lomita Blvd. Torrance, California 90505 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByEffects of Passive Smoking 1 October 1974Volume 81, Issue 4Page: 562-563KeywordsAir pollutionAnginaCarbon monoxideInfarction Issue Published: 1 October 1974 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Eventration of the Diaphragm
Authors: A. J. E. Mills
Journal: BMJ (1943)

The condition known as eventration of the diaphragm, although rare, probably occurs more often than is gener- ally believed.There may be no symptoms, and when symptoms are present they may be vague and misleading in character.The degree of disability resulting from the condition varies very much in individual cases.Diagnosis may not be easy.The folloWing case is of considerable interest as illustrating these points. Case ReportThe patient, a man aged 37, is a solicitor.He was first seen by me on Nov. 18, 1941, when he was suffering from an attack of acute nasopharyngitis.A routine examination of the chest, however, revealed quite unusual physical signs, and a day or two elapsed before it was recognized that they were in no way related to his febrile illness.On examination the thorax was seen to be of normal size and shape.Movement on respiration was diminished on the left side in the lower part.The apex beat was neither visible nor palpable in the normal position.A pulsation, which corre- sponded in rate to the radial pulse, was felt in the fourth interspace, 23 in. to the right of the midsternal line.Normal heart sounds were heard on auscultation over this pulsation.Cardiac dullness extended from 23 in. to the right of the midsternal line to I in. to the left of the midline, and downward to merge with the liver dullness.The upper border was not elicited with any accuracy.Apart from the abnormal position of the heart, the physical signs on the right side were normal.-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. ...
Children in Non-Clinical Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Studies Give the Scan Experience a “Thumbs Up”
Authors: Moriah E. Thomason
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2009)

Advances in brain imaging techniques have provided a significant opportunity for the study of brain development in humans. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is the most promising and broadly used imaging technology that is also safe for use in pediatric populations. Insights gained from the veritable explosion of research in this area have significant applications in issues concerning courtrooms and classrooms, as described in the target article (Fenton et al. 2009). The current ethical debate focuses on the experience of participating in volunteer-based research and the application of research results to real-life situations. In this commentary, I analyze the experience of children who participate in non-clinical fMRI research and consider aspects that improve the experience for children.

A child who comes into the research laboratory participates for any of a number of reasons. Most often, one or both parents have identified a research opportunity at a university, college, or medical center, and have presented that opportunity to their child. The child will sign an assent form specific to that research study that outlines the risks and benefits of participation. This form also emphasizes the point that the child may discontinue involvement at any time and for any reason. For more discussion of issues of medical consent and assent in children see Hinton 2002; Rosen and Gur 2002.
Degradation of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine by isolated rat granular pneumocytes and reutilization for surfactant synthesis.
Authors: A Chander, J Reicherter, A B Fisher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

We investigated metabolic utilization of exogenous (modelled after lung surfactant) phospholipids by granular pneumocytes in primary culture. Cells were incubated for 21, 65, and 140 min with [3H-methyl]dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) containing liposomes prepared from synthetic lipids. Radioactivity in cellular phosphatidylcholine (PC) declined steadily to 50% of the total trypsin-resistant cell-associated radioactivity. The proportion of radioactivity increased with time in cytidine-5'-diphosphate-choline and phosphorylcholine, which suggested reutilization of choline for PC synthesis. Cells incubated with liposomes for 2 h revealed that of the total cell-associated radioactivity, 7% was in lamellar bodies and 10% in the microsomal fraction. The lipid-associated radioactivity was 24% in "soluble," 96% in lamellar bodies, and 92% in the microsomal fraction. Percent of total PC label recovered in disaturated PC of microsomal fractions decreased (slope = -5.27%/h) with time of incubation (r = 0.67). Incubation of cells with liposomes containing ([3H-methyl]choline-[14C]palmitoyl) DPPC led to altered isotope ratios in both lamellar bodies and microsomes. These observations indicate that granular pneumocytes degrade exogenous PC and resynthesize PC from degradation products.
Serological cross-reactivity between a human Ro/SS-A autoantigen (calreticulin) and the lambda Ral-1 antigen of Onchocerca volvulus.
Authors: F A Lux, D P McCauliffe, D W Büttner, R Lucius, J D Capra, R D Sontheimer, T S Lieu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

We have cloned and sequenced a 46-kD Ro/SS-A autoantigen gene that is the human homologue of the calcium-binding protein, calreticulin. The sequence of this 46-kD Ro/SS-A protein (calreticulin) has significant homology to lambda Ral-1, a recombinant cDNA clone corresponding to a major antigen of the nematode, Onchocerca volvulus, the infectious agent of onchocerciasis. We therefore sought to determine whether antibodies produced by onchocerciasis patients might crossreact with the human 46-kD Ro/SS-A autoantigen (calreticulin). 20 of 22 sera from Liberian onchocerciasis patients who had no known evidence of autoimmune disease were found to contain antibodies that reacted with the 46-kD Ro/SS-A (calreticulin) by immunoblot analysis. Characteristic of sera reactive with Ro/SS-A antigens, some onchocerciasis sera also immunoprecipitated the Ro/SS-A-associated hY RNAs. In addition, a monoclonal antibody raised against O. volvulus organisms reacted to purified human WiL-2 cell 46 kD Ro/SS-A antigen (calreticulin) by ELISA. These results strongly suggest that onchocerciasis patients produce antibodies that crossreact with the 46-kD human Ro/SS-A autoantigen (calreticulin) and raise the possibility that infectious organisms such as O. volvulus might play a triggering or exacerbating role in the human Ro/SS-A autoimmune response.
Single phosphorylation sites in Acc1 and Acc2 regulate lipid homeostasis and the insulin-sensitizing effects of metformin
Authors: Morgan D Fullerton, Sandra Galic, Katarina Marcinko, Sarah Sikkema, Thomas Pulinilkunnil, Zhi-Ping Chen, Hayley M O'Neill, Rebecca J Ford, Rengasamy Palanivel, Matthew O'Brien, D Grahame Hardie, S Lance Macaulay, Jonathan D Schertzer, Jason R B Dyck, Bryce J van Denderen, Bruce E Kemp, Gregory R Steinberg
Journal: Nature Medicine (2013)
High-Molecular-Weight and Total Adiponectin Levels and Incident Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease in Women
Authors: Deborah Y. Ho, Nancy R. Cook, Kathryn A. Britton, Eunjung Kim, Mark A. Creager, Paul M Ridker, Aruna D. Pradhan
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Adiponectin is linked to reduced diabetes risk and may be antiatherogenic, yet clinical data show no consistent relationship with incident cardiovascular events, especially among women. To our knowledge, no prior prospective studies have evaluated adiponectin, including high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin, and incident peripheral artery disease (PAD).We evaluated the relationship of total adiponectin, HMW adiponectin, and the HMW-to-total adiponectin ratio with incident symptomatic PAD in a prospective, nested case-control study conducted within the Women's Health Study (n=110 cases, n=230 controls, frequency matched in strata defined by 5-year age categories, smoking, fasting status, and follow-up time; median cohort follow-up=13.2 years). Baseline median levels of HMW and total adiponectin were significantly lower in women developing PAD than in those remaining event free (HMW: 3.3 versus 3.8 μg/mL, P=0.0005; total: 5.6 versus 7.4 μg/mL, P<0.0001). The ratio did not differ significantly between groups. Age-adjusted PAD odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) across tertiles were 1.0, 0.66 (0.39-1.13), and 0.40 (0.22-0.74) for HMW and 1.0, 0.74 (0.43-1.25), and 0.35 (0.18-0.65) for total adiponectin (P(trend)=0.004 and 0.001, respectively). Results were similar after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, use of postmenopausal hormone therapy, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, leptin, hemoglobin A(1c), and fasting insulin (adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for HMW: 1.0, 0.62 [0.29-1.34], 0.30 [0.12-0.74]; total: 1.0, 0.46 [0.22-1.00], 0.30 [0.12-0.76]; P(trend)=0.01 for both).Total and HMW adiponectin are inversely associated with incident PAD among initially healthy women. These prospective data support a protective role for this adipokine in peripheral atherosclerosis development.