tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Kinase MEKK1 is required for CD40-dependent activation of the kinases Jnk and p38, germinal center formation, B cell proliferation and antibody production
Authors: Ewen Gallagher, Thomas Enzler, Atsushi Matsuzawa, Amy Anzelon-Mills, Dennis Otero, Ryan Holzer, Edith Janssen, Min Gao, Michael Karin
Journal: Nature Immunology (2006)
Evaluation of Diffusion-Weighted MRI for Pretherapeutic Assessment and Staging of Lymphoma: Results of a Prospective Study in 140 Patients
Authors: Marius E. Mayerhoefer, Georgios Karanikas, Kurt Kletter, Helmut Prosch, Barbara Kiesewetter, Cathrin Skrabs, Edit Porpaczy, Michael Weber, Katja Pinker-Domenig, Dominik Berzaczy, Martha Hoffmann, Christian Sillaber, Ulrich Jaeger, Leonhard Müllauer, Ingrid Simonitsch-Klupp, Werner Dolak, Alexander Gaiger, Philipp Ubl, Julius Lukas, Markus Raderer
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

To determine the value of diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI-MRI) for pretherapeutic imaging of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid lymphoma and lymphoma with variable FDG avidity.Treatment-naïve patients with lymphoma who were referred for whole-body staging were included in this prospective study. Group A included patients with FDG-avid lymphoma (e.g., Hodgkin, diffuse large B-cell, and follicular lymphoma), whereas Group B included patients with lymphoma of variable FDG avidity [e.g., extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)]. All patients underwent DWI-MRI and 18F-FDG- positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Region-based sensitivity and agreement with Ann Arbor staging, relative to the reference standard, were calculated for DWI-MRI, and, in Group B, also 18F-FDG-PET/CT and contrast-enhanced (CE-) CT.In Group A (100 patients), DWI-MRI had a region-based sensitivity of 97%, and with regard to staging, agreed with the reference standard in 94 of 100 patients (κ, 0.92). In Group B (40 patients; 38 MALT lymphomas and 2 small lymphocytic lymphomas/chronic lymphocytic leukemias), DWI-MRI, 18F-FDG-PET/CT, and CE-CT had region-based sensitivities of 94.4%, 60.9%, and 70.7%, respectively. With regard to staging in Group B, DWI-MRI, 18F-FDG-PET/CT, and CE-CT agreed with the reference standard in 37 of 40, 26 of 40, and 24 of 40 patients, with κ values of 0.89, 0.52, and 0.43, respectively.In patients with FDG-avid lymphoma, DWI-MRI seems to be only slightly inferior to 18F-FDG-PET/CT with regard to pretherapeutic regional assessment and staging. In patients with lymphoma subtypes that show a variable FDG avidity (e.g., MALT lymphoma), DWI-MRI seems to be superior to both 18F-FDG-PET/CT and CE-CT.
The vexed question of authorship: views of researchers in a British medical faculty
Authors: R. Bhopal, J. Rankin, E. McColl, L. Thomas, E. Kaner, R. Stacy, P. Pearson, B. Vernon, H. Rodgers
Journal: BMJ (1997)

To assess knowledge, views, and behaviour of researchers on criteria for authorship and causes and control of gift authorship.Interview survey of stratified sample of researchers.University medical faculty.66 staff (94% response rate) comprising several levels of university academic and research appointments.Awareness and use of criteria for authorship, views on which contributions to research merit authorship, perceptions about gift authorship and strategies for reducing it, and experiences of authorship problems.50 (76%) respondents supported criteria for authorship, but few knew about or used available criteria. Of the five people who could specify all three criteria of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, only one knew that all criteria had to be met. Forty one respondents (62%) disagreed with this stipulation. A range of practical and academic contributions were seen as sufficient for authorship. Gift authorship was perceived as common, promoted by pressure to publish, to motivate research teams, and to maintain working relationships. A signed statement justifying authorship and a published statement of the contribution of each author were perceived as practical ways of tackling gift authorship. Most researchers had experienced problems with authorship, most commonly the perception that authorship had been deserved but not awarded (49%).There seems to be a gap between editors' criteria for authorship and researchers' practice. Lack of awareness of criteria is only a partial explanation. Researchers give more weight than editors to practical research contributions. Future criteria should be agreed by researchers and not be imposed by editors.
Increased density of intraepithelial mast cells in patients with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction regulated through epithelially derived thymic stromal lymphopoietin and IL-33
Authors: Ying Lai, William A. Altemeier, John Vandree, Adrian M. Piliponsky, Brian Johnson, Cara L. Appel, Charles W. Frevert, Dallas M. Hyde, Steven F. Ziegler, Dirk E. Smith, William R. Henderson, Michael H. Gelb, Teal S. Hallstrand
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
How can cigarette smuggling be reduced?
Authors: L. Joossens
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The tobacco industry has argued that tobacco smuggling is caused by market forces—by the price differences between countries, which create an incentive to smuggle cigarettes from “cheaper” countries to “more expensive” ones. The industry has urged governments to solve the problem by reducing taxes, which will also, it says, restore revenue. The facts contradict all these assertions. Smuggling is more prevalent in “cheaper” countries, and where taxes have been reduced, such as in Canada, consumption has risen and revenue fallen. There are, however, countries that have solved the problem by better control, Spain being the most impressive example to date, and the new World Health Organization framework convention may at last promote control of tobacco smuggling at the level at which it must be tackled—globally.

Tobacco smuggling has become a critical public health issue because it brings tobacco on to markets cheaply, making cigarettes more affordable and thus stimulating consumption, consequently increasing the burden of ill health caused by its use. Smuggling is not a small phenomenon: we have estimated that, globally, a third of legal cigarette exports disappear into the contraband market.1 This extraordinary proportion results in a second key effect of smuggling—the loss of thousands of millions of dollars of revenue to government treasuries. We also showed in our earlier studies that tobacco smuggling defies apparent economic logic. Common sense might suggest that cigarettes would be smuggled from countries where they are cheap (southern Europe, for example) to expensive countries (such as northern Europe) and that this is due simply to price differences between these countries, as the tobacco industry claims. Although this does happen, it is not the largest type of smuggling, and in Europe there is far more smuggling from north to south rather than the reverse.2

In fact, smuggling occurs in all parts …
Resistance surveillance in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with adefovir dipivoxil for up to 60 weeks
Authors: Huiling Yang, Christopher E. Westland, William E. Delaney, Elizabeth J. Heathcote, Victoria Ho, John Fry, Carol Brosgart, Craig S. Gibbs, Michael D. Miller, Shelly Xiong
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Current therapies for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection do not provide adequate long-term control of viral replication in the majority of patients. Monotherapy with nucleoside analogs, such as lamivudine and famciclovir, is effective for short periods but results in the emergence of drug-resistant HBV in a substantial number of patients within 1 year of therapy. Adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) has demonstrated clinical activity against wild-type and lamivudine-resistant HBV, but it is unclear whether resistance mutations will emerge after long-term therapy with this drug. To determine whether extended treatment with ADV led to the emergence of drug-resistant populations of HBV, we analyzed virus isolated from patients currently enrolled in a long-term open-label study. The reverse transcriptase domain of HBV polymerase was amplified and sequenced from patients that had received a cumulative exposure of up to 60 weeks of ADV. During our analyses, several previously unreported amino acid substitutions were observed in the reverse transcriptase domain of HBV. Importantly, none of the observed mutations occurred in more than 1 patient, nor were they associated with an adefovir-resistant phenotype in vitro . Furthermore, none of the patients from whom these mutant viruses were isolated had evidence of virologic rebound. In conclusion, these results, although based on a limited number of patients, suggest that treatment with ADV does not lead to the emergence of resistant virus after up to 60 weeks of therapy.
Mary Patricia Shepherd
Authors: W. Fountain
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former consultant thoracic surgeon Harefield Hospital, Middlesex (b 1933; q Royal Free Hospital 1957; MS, FRCS), died from thyroid cancer on 20 October 2003.​2003.




Figure 1




Mary Shepherd first worked at Harefield as a registrar in 1963. She spent a year in research at Toronto Sick Children's Hospital, and her work on the diaphragmatic muscle graft formed the basis for a Hunterian professorship and her MS thesis. She was appointed as a consultant at Harefield in 1968 and remained there until she retired in 1985. Her paper on plombage published in Thorax in 1985 is still a standard text for any surgeon with the now unusual task of managing the complications of this method of treating tuberculosis. She served on the board of visitors at Wormwood Scrubs prison.
Association Between Adiposity in Midlife and Older Age and Risk of Diabetes in Older Adults
Authors: Mary L. Biggs
Journal: JAMA (2010)

United States has doubled in the past 15 years, and is highest among adults 65 to 79 years of age. 1 Approximately 70% of US men and women 60 years of age and older are overweight or obese (body mass index [BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared] Ն 25). 2 Adiposity is a well-recognized risk factor for type 2 diabetes among young and middleaged adults, 3-10 however, the relationships between different measures of body composition and diabetes in older adults (Ն 65 years of age) are not well described.Changes in body composition are known to occur with aging, including increase of fat mass, loss of muscle mass, redistribution of adipose tissue, and height shrinkage.Given the high prevalence of obesity and diabetes in older adults, there is a need to clarify the relationship between adiposity and diabetes risk in this population.We examined the relationship between measures of overall body fat, fat distribution, changes in these measures, and diabetes risk among participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study, a large populationbased study of adults 65 years of age and older. METHODS Study PopulationThe Cardiovascular Health Study is a prospective, population-based cohort
The uninsured. From dilemma to crisis
Authors: E. Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1991)

An estimated 31 to 36 million Americans currently lack any form of health insurance, and underinsurance is also a chronic problem. In 1989, only 40% of the poverty population was covered by Medicaid. Employer-subsidized insurance has also seen gradual erosion over the years. Friedman warns that the issue of health care coverage, if not yet at a critical level, soon will be, for five reasons: coverage is a key factor in health improvement; health care institutions suffer increasingly from patients' uninsured care; fewer employers are offering coverage, due to the increasing costs of insurance; primary care in the emergency setting is inefficient, forcing society to pay dearly for care for the uninsured; and an industrialized democracy cannot justify such an overly selective and self-destructive health care system.
GENETIC ASPECTS OF CANINE MIXED LEUKOCYTE CULTURES
Authors: J. G. van den Tweel, H. M. Vriesendorp, A. Termijtelen, D. L. Westbroek, M. L. Bach, J. J. van Rood
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1974)

Recent data stress the importance of matching donor and recipient of an organ graft for both the serologically defined (SD) and lymphocyte-defined (LD) determinants. To allow experimental evaluation of the effect of these SD and LD structures in a noninbred experimental animal, mixed leukocyte culture tests were performed between SD identical and nonidentical dogs to clarify the LD system in these animals. The results of these experiments can be summarized as follows: (a) In the dog there is a LD locus distinct from the known SD loci, which in all probability is localized outside the first (SD-1) series locus on the chromosome. (b) The crossing-over frequency between the SD and LD loci on the chromosome is low. (c) Studies in SD identical unrelated dogs and random unrelated dogs show an apparent high linkage disequilibrium between SD and LD loci. (d) The LD system in dogs is polymorphic.
Fluorine Concentration in Drinking Water and Fractures in the Elderly
Authors: H. Jacqmin-Gadda, D. Commenges, J.-F. Dartigues
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Although it was initially hypothesized that fluorine could protect against hip fractures, three recent studies have reported an increase in the risk of hip fractures in communities exposed to fluoridated water,<sup>1-3</sup>and a fourth suggested no association between water fluoridation and hip fractures.<sup>4</sup>Among these studies, three were ecological and did not take into account major individual risk factors.<sup>2-4</sup>In the only study using individual data,<sup>3</sup>the fluorine concentrations were high (1 mg/L in the control communities and 4 mg/L for the higher-fluorine community). We report results of a population-based study of the relationship between concentrations of fluorine and calcium in drinking water and risk of hip fractures or fractures at any site. Results reported herein are based on the sample of the Paquid study<sup>5</sup>of normal and pathological aging, which comprised 3777 subjects aged 65 years or older living at home
273 Therapeutic outcomes of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) under general anesthesia for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Authors: A. Saito, M. Chiba, K. Haruyama, H. Nozawa, K. Shiratori, S. Katagiri, H. Katsuragawa, M. Yamamoto, K. Takasaki
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Practical Observations on Some of the More Important Points Connected with Physical Diagnosis
Authors: C. M. Durrant
Journal: BMJ (1845)

PERICARDITIS.As in pleurisy, the consideration of the physical diagnosis of pericarditia is facilitated by a (livision into periods, or stagesi, according to the pathological clsaracters, from which the distinctive phenomiiena derive their origin.lst STAGE.-EFFUSIONOF LYMPH.In8pection.-Impulse of the heart visibly increased and jerking.Application of the hand.-Heart'saction impulsive and abrupt, accompanied frequently by a vibratory tremor; pain excited both by pressure between the intercostal spaces, and also by forcing the diaphragm upwards towards the pericardiuim.Aecultation.-In the earliest stage of the inflam- mation, prioi to the effusioni of lymphi, the movements of the heart are quick, jerking and tuinultuous; its rhythm often becoming irregular and interinittent; a feeble and dry rustling sound,' not necessarily perma- nent, is at this period occasionaly audible.As the disease advances, and lymph becomnes poured out, a friction sound, more frequently double, is heard accompanying both sounds of the heart; of greatest intensity during the systole of the organ, with its lnaxi- mum generally over the apex.Percusnios.-Slightly increased dulness from con- gestion of the hieart, and effusion of lymph.2nd STAGE.-EFFUSIONOF FLUID.Inspection.-In extreme cases, prHcordial region rendered somewhat prominent by the circumscribed filling up of the intercostal spaces; movements of the heart invisible.Application qf the hand.-Novibratory thrill; impulse feeble and indistinct.Ascullation.-Sounds of the heart, weak, deeply seated, and undulating; friction sounds diminished or extinct; re-appearing occasionally, if the patient be directed to incline the body forwards; influenced also, in some measure, by lattertal position.Percuasion.-If the anmouint of fluidl be considerable, the extent of dulness over the pruecordial region is greatly increased, rarying with the positior of the ,No, 15.April 9,184>.patient, for which reason, a carefully conducted com- parative exainination, both in the erect and horizontal posture, must not be neglected.SIGNS OF RESOLUTION.Auscultation.-Cemation of the attrition murmur; increasing regularity, and quietude of thie heart's impulse and rhythim, unaccompanied by inordinate Jogging and tumbling Action, indicating adheesion.If serous effusion hare existed, the friction phenomena may again return, as the result of its absorption, and sooner or later, ultimately cease.Percusion.-Extent of dulness gradually diminishi,ng, until it reach its nornal limsits.
Inhibition of apoptosis in human induced pluripotent stem cells during expansion in a defined culture using angiopoietin-1 derived peptide QHREDGS
Authors: Lan T.H. Dang, Nicole T. Feric, Carol Laschinger, Wing Y. Chang, Boyang Zhang, Geoffrey A. Wood, William L. Stanford, Milica Radisic
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
HISTOCOMPATIBILITY-LINKED GENETIC CONTROL OF DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY
Authors: Michael B. A. Oldstone, Frank J. Dixon, Graham F. Mitchell, Hugh O. McDevitt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

Acute necrotizing inflammatory disease after intracerebral injection of LCM virus is largely dependent on the host immune response to the virus and is controlled, in part, by a dominant gene which is closely linked to the H-2 locus. The F(1) hybrid (H-2(q/k)) from mating a susceptible SWR/J mouse (H-2(q/q)) to a resistant C3H/HeJ mouse (H-2(k/k)) is susceptible to LCM virus disease. When such hybrids (H-2(q/k)) are backcrossed to susceptible parents (H-2(q/q)), all F(2) offspring (H-2(q/q), H-2(q/k)) are highly susceptible. In contrast, hybrid (H-2(q/k)) backcross to resistant parents (H-2(k/k)) results in half of the F(2) offspring being susceptible (H-2(q/k)) while the other half are resistant (H-2(k/k)). Similarly, in congenic H-2(q/q) and H-2(k/k) mice, H-2(q/q) mice are relatively susceptible to acute LCM disease, whereas H-2(k/k) are resistant.
Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter: Association with Nonaccidental and Cardiovascular Mortality in the Agricultural Health Study Cohort
Authors: Scott Weichenthal, Paul J. Villeneuve, Richard T. Burnett, Aaron van Donkelaar, Randall V. Martin, Rena R. Jones, Curt T. DellaValle, Dale P. Sandler, Mary H. Ward, Jane A. Hoppin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

Background: Few studies have examined the relationship between long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nonaccidental mortality in rural populations.Objective: We examined the relationship between PM2.5 and nonaccidental and cardiovascular mortality in the U.S. Agricultural Health Study cohort.Methods: The cohort (n = 83,378) included farmers, their spouses, and commercial pesticide applicators residing primarily in Iowa and North Carolina. Deaths occurring between enrollment (1993–1997) and 30 December 2009 were identified by record linkage. Six-year average (2001–2006) remote-sensing derived estimates of PM2.5 were assigned to participants' residences at enrollment, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) in relation to a 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 adjusted for individual-level covariates.Results: In total, 5,931 nonaccidental and 1,967 cardiovascular deaths occurred over a median follow-up time of 13.9 years. PM2.5 was not associated with nonaccidental mortality in the cohort as a whole (HR = 0.95; 95% CI: 0.76, 1.20), but consistent inverse relationships were observed among women. Positive associations were observed between ambient PM2.5 and cardiovascular mortality among men, and these associations were strongest among men who did not move from their enrollment address (HR = 1.63; 95% 0.94, 2.84). In particular, cardiovascular mortality risk in men was significantly increased when analyses were limited to nonmoving participants with the most precise exposure geocoding (HR = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.04, 3.36).Conclusions: Rural PM2.5 may be associated with cardiovascular mortality in men; however, similar associations were not observed among women. Further evaluation is required to explore these sex differences.Citation: Weichenthal S, Villeneuve PJ, Burnett RT, van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Jones RR, DellaValle CT, Sandler DP, Ward MH, Hoppin JA. 2014. Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter: association with nonaccidental and cardiovascular mortality in the Agricultural Health Study Cohort. Environ Health Perspect 122:609–615; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307277
Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1α Promotes Melanoma Cell Invasion across Basement Membranes Involving Stimulation of Membrane-Type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase and Rho GTPase Activities
Authors: Rubén A. Bartolomé, Beatriz G. Gálvez, Natividad Longo, Françoise Baleux, Goos N. P. van Muijen, Paloma Sánchez-Mateos, Alicia G. Arroyo, Joaquin Teixidó
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Tissue invasion by tumor cells involves their migration across basement membranes through activation of extracellular matrix degradation and cell motility mechanisms. Chemokines binding to their receptors provide chemotactic cues guiding cells to specific tissues and organs; they therefore could potentially participate in tumor cell dissemination. Melanoma cells express CXCR4, the receptor for the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α). Using Matrigel as a model, we show that SDF-1α promotes invasion of melanoma cells across basement membranes. Stimulation of membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) activity by SDF-1α was necessary for invasion, involving at least up-regulation in the expression of this metalloproteinase, as detected in the highly metastatic BLM melanoma cell line. Moreover, SDF-1α triggered the activation of the GTPases RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 on BLM cells, and expression of dominant-negative forms of RhoA and Rac1, but not Cdc42, substantially impaired the invasion of transfectants in response to SDF-1α, as well as the increase in MT1-MMP expression. Furthermore, CXCR4 expression on melanoma cells was notably augmented by transforming growth factor-β1, a Matrigel component, whereas anti-transforming growth factor-β antibodies inhibited increases in CXCR4 expression and melanoma cell invasion toward SDF-1α. The identification of SDF-1α as a potential stimulatory molecule for MT1-MMP as well as for RhoA and Rac1 activities during melanoma cell invasion, associated with an up-regulation in CXCR4 expression by interaction with basement membrane factors, could contribute to better knowledge of mechanisms stimulating melanoma cell dissemination.
Infectious Mononucleosis With Epstein-Barr Virus Antibodies in Older Ages
Authors: Richard L. Golden
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> Infectious mononucleosis is relatively common among adolescents and young adults. In older age groups it is rarely thought of, and not often documented. The recent work of Henle et al<sup>1</sup>suggests that the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a herpeslike virus, is either the etiologic agent or one which is antigenically closely related to it. This letter presents a case of infectious mononucleosis with EBV antibodies to call attention to the possible unsuspected incidence of the disease among older patients. <h3>Report of a Case:—</h3> A 52-year-old female secretary was seen in consultation because of fatigue, anorexia, and dyspnea on exertion. Two weeks prior to the onset of symptoms the patient had experienced a brief episode of rhinorrhea associated with a mild shaking chill. All physical findings were within normal limits. There was no pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, or fever. Hematologic studies revealed a white blood cell count (WBC) of