tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Erythrocytapheresis limits iron accumulation in chronically transfused sickle cell patients
Authors: Lee M. Hilliard, Bonita F. Williams, Amy E. Lounsbury, Thomas H. Howard
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) as a complication of sickle cell disease occur most frequently in childhood. Life-long transfusion prevents recurrent stroke, but inevitably leads to iron overload. Although effective chelation exists, many patients are not compliant. Erythrocytapheresis, an automated method of red blood cell exchange, was evaluated as an alternative to control transfusion-related iron load. Eleven patients with sickle cell anemia and a history of stroke were converted from simple transfusion to pheresis. Total time on pheresis for the group averaged 19 months (range 4-36 months). No significant complications occurred with a mean pre-pheresis hemoglobin S (Hb S) level of 44%. Blood utilization increased by an average of 50%. The effect of pheresis on serum ferritin depended on the patient's pre-pheresis ferritin level and chelation regimen. Ferritin levels remained stable for chelated patients with ferritin levels > or = 5,000 ng/ml, but decreased in a chelated patient with a pre-pheresis ferritin level of 4,000 ng/ml. For non-chelated patients with significant pre-pheresis iron load, ferritin levels remained stable. No patient on chelation prior to pheresis was able to discontinue deferoxamine. However, one patient with pre-pheresis ferritin of 500 ng/ml maintained serum ferritin levels < 200 ng/ml for 36 months of pheresis without chelation. Pheresis is more expensive than simple transfusion unless the cost of chelation and organ damage from iron overload are considered. Erythrocytapheresis is a safe method of controlling Hb S levels and limiting or preventing iron load in chronically transfused sickle cell patients.
On Sleep: With Arguments in Favour of the Doctrine of Afflux of Blood to the Brain during this State
Authors: L. Ashenheim
Journal: BMJ (1841)

The " Vegetable Physiology " is one of the most instructive, and, at the same time, entertaining books with which we are acquainted; the style is pleasing; the illustrations apt; every page is a happy combination of the utile and the dulce.The volume, moreover, contains about sixty-four wood- guts.
Liver Stem Cells and Prospects for Liver Reconstitution by Transplanted Cells
Authors: David A. Shafritz, Michael Oertel, Anuradha Menthena, Dirk Nierhoff, Mariana D. Dabeva
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Although it was proposed almost 60 years ago that the adult mammalian liver contains hepatic stem cells, this issue remains controversial. Part of the problem is that no specific marker gene unique to the adult hepatic stem cell has yet been identified, and regeneration of the liver after acute injury is achieved through proliferation of adult hepatocytes and does not require activation or proliferation of stem cells. Also, there are differences in the expected properties of stem versus progenitor cells, and we attempt to use specific criteria to distinguish between these cell types. We review the evidence for each of these cell types in the adult versus embryonic/fetal liver, where tissue-specific stem cells are known to exist and to be involved in organ development. This review is limited to studies directed toward identification of hepatic epithelial stem cells and does not address the controversial issue of whether stem cells derived from the bone marrow have hepatocytic potential, a topic that has been covered extensively in other recent reviews.
Some children may not have had meningococcal C vaccine
Authors: O. Ejidokun, B. O'Neill, M. Keating, C. Bodkin
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—The immunisation programme with the new meningococcal C conjugate vaccine was introduced in England in November 1999. The vaccine was offered to everyone under the age of 18 with remarkable success, as shown by its impact on the disease. 1 2

Guidance documents received from the Department of Health suggested that all children aged under …
Proteome analysis reveals an upregulation of heat-shock proteins in LPS-induced peritoneal macrophages from mPGES-1 knock-out mice
Authors: M. Korotkova, E. Ossipova, H. Idborg, K. Ghorghe, P. Leclerc, P.-J. Jakobsson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) is the terminal enzyme in the induced PGE<sub>2</sub> production at the sites of inflammation and well-recognised target for the development of novel anti-inflammatory drugs that can reduce symptoms of inflammation in rheumatic diseases. Genetic deletion of mPGES-1 in arthritic mice reduces inflammation, humoral immune response and protects them from pain and joint destruction. However, molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways involved in anti-inflammatory effects of selective mPGES-1 inhibition/deletion at sites of inflammation have not been explored. <h3>Objective</h3> To study effects of mPGES-1 deletion on total proteins expression and eicosanoid profile upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage activation. <h3>Methods</h3> Peritoneal macrophages (PM) from wild type (WT) and knock-out (mPGES-1−/−, knockout (KO)) mice were induced with LPS for 16 h. Supernatants were harvested for eicosanoid analysis and proteins were isolated from the cells. Proteomics approach using high resolution mass spectrometry coupled to nanoflow-liquid chromatography has been employed to determine the identity and the relative abundance of expressed proteins. Eicosanoid profiling was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. <h3>Results</h3> Compared to wild-type, mPGES-1 deficient PM displayed a markedly attenuated increase in PGE2 production upon LPS stimulation, and exhibited increased levels of prostaglandin D2 metabolite and prostaglandin F2 α. Comparative proteomic analysis of LPS-induced macrophages from WT and mPGES-1 KO mice identified 248 proteins with different molecular and cellular functions including cell death, cellular movement, cellular growth and proliferation, cellular function and maintenance and protein synthesis. In PM from KO mice, 109 proteins were upregulated, 101 proteins were downregulated and 38 proteins were not changed compared with PM from WT mice. Interestingly, among the top 10 proteins upregulated in macrophages from KO mice the authors identified two heat shock proteins with immune-modulatory properties, Hsp70-5 and Hsp70-8. Hsp70-5 (the immunoglobulin binding protein, BiP) is known to be upregulated by cyclopentenone prostaglandins and suppress experimental arthritis in mice. Hsp70-8 (heat chock cognate 70, Hsc70) has been shown to modulate dendritic cells function. The expression of Hsp70-5 and Hsp70-8 in LPS-induced macrophages from WT and KO mice was confirmed by Western blot. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The data reveal that inhibition of mPGES-1 activity in pro-inflammatory conditions resulted in the upregulation of heat-shock proteins with anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulatory properties.
Reduction of relapse rates by 18-month treatment in chronic hepatitis C. A Benelux randomized trial in 300 patients☆
Authors: Johannes Brouwer, Frederik Nevens, Frank C.Frank Bekkering, Nadine Bourgeois, Hans Van Vlierberghe, Christine J. Weegink, Véronique Lefebvre, Jan Van Hattum, Jean Henrion, Jean Delwaide, Bettina Hansen, Solko Walle Schalm
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
CONTEMPORARY OUTCOMES OF PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN MEN AND WOMEN FOR ACUTE ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: DOES GENDER STILL MATTER?
Authors: M. Fuad Jan, Abdul-Moiz Hafiz, Naoyo Mori, Angela Schlemm, Anthony C. DeFranco, Anjan Gupta, Tanvir Bajwa, Suhail Allaqaband, Aurora Cardiovasc Srvs
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Erratum to “Anti-oxidative, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory actions by thioredoxin 1 and thioredoxin-binding protein-2” [Pharmacol Ther 127 (2010) 261–270]
Authors: Rie Watanabe, Hajime Nakamura, Hiroshi Masutani, Junji Yodoi
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2010)
Changes in extracellular potassium activity in response to decreased pH in rabbit atrial muscle.
Authors: R B Skinner, D L Kunze
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

The extracellular and intracellular potassium (K+) activities of isolated superfused rabbit atrial muscle were measured using K+-sensitive liquid ion exchanger microelectrodes. When the pH of the bathing medium was decreased from 7.5 to 6.8, intracellular K+ activity fell and extracellular K+ activity rose from a mean control level of 3.6 mM to a new steady state level of 3.9 mM after 1 hour. When the pH was further decreased to 6.1, extracellular K+ activity increased to a mean of 4.9 mM. Following the change in pH, the increase in extracellular K+ activity occurred over a period of 30-40 minutes at which time a stable value was reached and maintained for the next hour. On return to normal pH the extracellular K+ activity returned to control with a time constant of 20 minutes or less. Measurements of intracellular K+ activity over 1 hour showed a mean loss of 3 mM at pH 6.8 and a mean loss of 8 mM at pH 6.1. The loss was reversible within 20 minutes of return to control pH. The increase in extracellular K+ activity was accompanied by a decrease in resting membrane potential as well as decreases in maximum dv/dt and overshoot of the action potential. The action potential contour underwent complex changes consisting of decrease in the plateau and a prolongation of the time to full repolarization.
You Don't Have to Be a Neuroscientist to Forget Everything With Triazolam—But It Helps
Authors: John A. Ewing
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I have little doubt that the anterograde amnesia described by Morris and Estes<sup>1</sup>was induced by triazolam therapy. Careful questioning of patients (and their relatives) who use short-acting benzodiazepines has convinced me that these medications can interfere with memory storage. However, unlike some patients with transient global amnesia, the affected individual does not seem confused and is not aware that something is wrong. In a similar manner, some patients with alcoholic amnesias (blackouts) may only seem to be mildly to moderately intoxicated to observers, yet have no recollection of behavior that was carried out quite accurately. One of my patients, a 60-year-old insomniac man, took 0.5 mg of triazolam at 2 AM, woke to his alarm clock at 7 AM, made and ate breakfast, and drove 40 miles without mishap before "coming to" at 9 AM with the realization that he recalled nothing since going to
Working with virtually every federal agency
Authors: Kimberly Glasbrenner
Journal: JAMA (1985)

"At ixt one time or another, I expect there's an occasion for the FDA to deal with virtually every other federal agency around," says William Schwemer, assistant associate commissioner, regulatory affairs. Schwemer says that the FDA regularly collaborates with government organizations that are interested in consumer-related problems and that have the resources available to help eradicate them. Some of the federal agencies contacted frequently include the Federal Trade Commission, US Postal Service, Environmental Protection Agency, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Department of Agriculture, Centers for Disease Control, US Customs Service, branches of the US military, and the National Institutes of Health. Less frequent contacts are made with such agencies as the Department of Commerce, the Securities and Exchange Commission, and the Federeal Bureau of Investigation. In addition, the FDA works with state and local governments, he explains, in conducting product inspections, enforcing regulations, and finding solutions to technical problems. Schwemer
Cat-Scratch Disease
Authors: Andrew W. Margileth
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Cat-scratch disease is a zoonotic infection characterized by a skin papule at the site of the scratch followed by regional lymphadenitis. Recently, small gram-negative pleomorphic bacilli were demonstrated in sections of lymph node from patients with the disease. We now report identical bacteria in the primary inoculation site of three patients with cat-scratch disease. Lymph nodes from two of these patients also contained the same bacilli. Identical bacteria in both skin and lymph nodes from these patients are further evidence that the bacilli are the cause of cat-scratch disease. In early infections, biopsy of the primary site of inoculation and demonstration of bacilli may replace excision and histologic examination of lymph node in establishing the diagnosis of cat-scratch disease. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:928-931)
In Vivo Accuracy of Multispectral Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Identifying Lipid-Rich Necrotic Cores and Intraplaque Hemorrhage in Advanced Human Carotid Plaques
Authors: Chun Yuan, Lee M. Mitsumori, Marina S. Ferguson, Nayak L. Polissar, Denise Echelard, Geraldo Ortiz, Randy Small, Joseph W. Davies, William S. Kerwin, Thomas S. Hatsukami
Journal: Circulation (2001)

High-resolution MRI has been shown to be capable of identifying plaque constituents, such as the necrotic core and intraplaque hemorrhage, in human carotid atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate differential contrast-weighted images, specifically a multispectral MR technique, to improve the accuracy of identifying the lipid-rich necrotic core and acute intraplaque hemorrhage in vivo.Eighteen patients scheduled for carotid endarterectomy underwent a preoperative carotid MRI examination in a 1.5-T GE Signa scanner using a protocol that generated 4 contrast weightings (T1, T2, proton density, and 3D time of flight). MR images of the vessel wall were examined for the presence of a lipid-rich necrotic core and/or intraplaque hemorrhage. Ninety cross sections were compared with matched histological sections of the excised specimen in a double-blinded fashion. Overall accuracy (95% CI) of multispectral MRI was 87% (80% to 94%), sensitivity was 85% (78% to 92%), and specificity was 92% (86% to 98%). There was good agreement between MRI and histological findings, with a value of kappa=0.69 (0.53 to 0.85).Multispectral MRI can identify the lipid-rich necrotic core in human carotid atherosclerosis in vivo with high sensitivity and specificity. This MRI technique provides a noninvasive tool to study the pathogenesis and natural history of carotid atherosclerosis. Furthermore, it will permit a direct assessment of the effect of pharmacological therapy, such as aggressive lipid lowering, on plaque lipid composition.
Empirical Therapy for the Management of Acute Proctitis in Homosexual Men
Authors: Anne M. Rompalo, Pacita Roberts, Kenneth Johnson, Walter E. Stamm
Journal: JAMA (1988)

An effective empirical treatment regimen would provide a more rapid and less expensive approach to the management of homosexual men with acute proctitis. We conducted a randomized trial in 129 homosexual men who presented with acute proctitis, comparing treatment with an empirical regimen (4.8 million U of aqueous penicillin G procaine intramuscularly and 1.0 g of probenecid orally, followed by 100 mg of oral doxycycline twice daily for seven days) with specific therapy for each infection as it was recognized. Therapy with the empirical regimen resulted in more rapid resolution of the symptoms of proctitis, the objective signs of proctitis, and the infecting microorganisms. However, nearly one fourth of the patients, primarily those with unrecognized herpes simplex virus proctitis, did not respond to empirical therapy. We recommend empirical therapy coupled with appropriate pretreatment diagnostic testing for the initial management of acute proctitis in homosexual men with no clinical evidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or AIDS-related complex. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:348-353)
Prediction of the incidence and persistence of allergic rhinitis in adolescence: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Jessica Kellberger, Holger Dressel, Christian Vogelberg, Wolfgang Leupold, Doris Windstetter, Gudrun Weinmayr, Jon Genuneit, Christian Heumann, Dennis Nowak, Erika von Mutius, Katja Radon
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
The Effects of Drugs, Other Foreign Compounds, and Cigarette Smoke on the Synthesis of Protein by Lung Slices
Authors: K. Hellstern, C. G. Curtis, D. G. Upshall, G. M. Powell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

The incorporation of 14C-leucine into rabbit lung slices was monitored in the absence and presence of selected drugs and chemicals relevant to the perturbation of lung function and the development of lung disease. Known inhibitors of protein synthesis (cycloheximide and ricin) inhibited the incorporation of 14C-leucine. Marked inhibition was also recorded with the lung toxins paraquat and 4-ipomeanol. By contrast, orciprenaline, salbutamol, and terbutaline were without effect although some response was recorded with isoprenaline. The filtered gas phase of cigarette smoke and acrolein, one of its components, were inhibitory but protection was afforded by N-acetylcysteine. It is suggested that the inhibitory effects of cigarette smoke may be due to its acrolein content. It is further suggested that the use of lung slices and measurements of 14C-leucine incorporation provide valuable means for monitoring potential pulmonary toxins.
Targeting HSP90 and monoclonal protein trafficking modulates the unfolded protein response, chaperone regulation and apoptosis in myeloma cells
Authors: E J Born, S V Hartman, S A Holstein
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2013)

Multiple myeloma is characterized by the production of substantial quantities of monoclonal protein. We have previously demonstrated that select inhibitors of the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway (IBP) induce apoptosis of myeloma cells via inhibition of Rab geranylgeranylation, leading to disruption of monoclonal protein trafficking and induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. Heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitors disrupt protein folding and are currently under clinical investigation in myeloma. The effects of combining IBP and HSP90 inhibitors on cell death, monoclonal protein trafficking, the UPR and chaperone regulation were investigated in monoclonal protein-producing cells. An enhanced induction of cell death was observed following treatment with IBP and HSP90 inhibitors, which occurred through both ER stress and non-ER stress pathways. The HSP90 inhibitor 17-AAG abrogated the effects of the IBP inhibitors on intracellular monoclonal protein levels and localization as well as induction of the UPR in myeloma cells. Disparate effects on chaperone expression were observed in myeloma vs amyloid light chain cells. Here we demonstrate that the novel strategy of targeting MP trafficking in concert with HSP90 enhances myeloma cell death via a complex modulation of ER stress, UPR, and cell death pathways.
Tubular expression of heat-shock protein 27 inhibits fibrogenesis in obstructive nephropathy
Authors: Aparna Vidyasagar, Shannon R. Reese, Omeed Hafez, Ling-Jin Huang, William F. Swain, Lynn M. Jacobson, Jose R. Torrealba, Pierre-Emmanuel Chammas, Nancy A. Wilson, Arjang Djamali
Journal: Kidney International (2012)
DUPUYTREN'S CONTRACTION
Authors: SUMNER L. KOCH
Journal: JAMA (1933)

A surgical condition seen rather often, but by no means as frequently as injuries of the tendons and nerves of the hand, or contractures due to a loss of covering tissue, is the idiopathic contraction of the palm and fingers with which is associated the name of the man "whom living all admired, but whom few loved and no one understood," the founder of clinical surgery in France, Dupuytren. Concerning it there are two essential facts that the surgeons should know: first as regards the pathologic manifestations and, second, the treatment: From the very beginning of the disease a cord is felt on the palmar surfaces of the finger and hand, which is drawn tighter when an effort is made to straighten the fingers. The palmar fascia is in a state of thickening, contraction and tension, and from its lower portion something like cords proceed to the sides of the
Ensuring dignity in the care of older people
Authors: J. Morris
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Should be the aim of all healthcare professionals, including doctors 

The Patients Association annual report, We’ve been listening, have you been learning? , was published in November 2011. It detailed 16 accounts of poor hospital care, of predominantly older people, heard by its helpline in the past year.1 The report focused not only on the care patients received from nurses, but also on experiences of care from other professionals, including doctors.

Poor communication; a lack of empathy; and a failure to listen, respond, or explain were common complaints. Impaired hearing and sight often went unnoticed. The report highlighted failures to promote control, continence, and independence and a reluctance to give people time to be heard. It also noted poor pain control and poor management of distress, which led to inadequate end of life care. Relatives explained how disturbed they were to see patients ill-kempt, with dirty fingernails and soiled clothes. Hospital wards were often described as dirty and unhygienic. The cases illustrated the humiliation of being left in soiled sheets as patients were told to pass urine and faeces in their beds because it was easier for staff to change sheets than to take them to the toilet. Patients were not encouraged to eat or drink, and food and water were often out of …
Splenic marginal zone lymphomas and lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas originate from B-cell compartments with two different antigen-exposure histories
Authors: M Parrens, N Gachard, B Petit, A Marfak, E Troadec, K Bouabdhalla, N Milpied, J P Merlio, A de Mascarel, C Laurent, I Soubeyran, V Coste, F Labrousse, M Cogné, J Feuillard
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
Hematemesis Associated with Hemobilia
Authors: Albert G. Mackay, H. Gordon Page
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1959)

HEMATEMESIS secondary to bleeding into the biliary tract is a comparatively rare entity. The case presented below was due to hemorrhage into the biliary tract, secondary to an arterial aneurysm in the right lobe of the liver. The aneurysm was intrahepatic, and detected by angiography of the right hepatic artery at the time of exploration.We believe that this represents the first reported case of an intrahepatic aneurysm causing hemobilia, diagnosed by angiography and followed by cure. A search of the literature fails to reveal a report in which this procedure has been carried out. Dwight1 suggested it, however, as . . .
Accelerated Rejection of a Renal Allograft Associated with Pretransplantation Antibodies Directed against Donor Antigens on Endothelium and Monocytes
Authors: Leendert C. Paul, Frans H. J. Claas, Leendert A. van Es, Maurits W. Kalff, Jaap de Graeff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

HUMAN renal allografts may be rejected within hours after transplantation. This type of rejection is usually associated with pre-existing antibodies against donor ABO-group antigens or lymphocyte antigens.1 , 2 The importance of pre-existing antibodies against donor B-cell antigens is, however, a subject of controversy.3 This report concerns an allograft recipient with preexisting antibodies directed against endothelial antigens, which were also present on monocytes but not on lymphocytes; the graft was rejected immediately after transplantation. In previous studies we established the association between endothelial antibodies and irreversible vascular rejection.4 , 5 The present study suggests that these antibodies are the cause, rather than a consequence, . . .