tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Neonate with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Donald C. Fyler
Journal: JAMA (1968)

With the realization that cardiac surgery is feasible and may be dramatically effective in selected small infants with congenital heart disease, interest in the diagnosis of these lesions has become more than academic. The problems of infants with heart disease are sufficiently numerous, and each is sufficiently complex, to warrant compiling a monograph on this subject.  Drs. Rowe and Mehrizi are eminently qualified for this task because of their long-term interest and experience in these questions. The first quarter of this monograph (eight chapters, 123 pages) is concerned with general topics including anatomy, incidence, physiology, and diagnostic tools. The individual lesions usually encountered are covered in chapters 9 to 34 (266 pages). The final four chapters cover pertinent related topics. No significant topic is left out.  Monographs covering many subtopics have a tendency to become bare-bones outlines. This is not the case with this book. No pertinent facts are left
HSCIC outlines planned changes for making patient data more secure
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Access to patient data may in future be provided through a “data laboratory” managed by the Health and Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC) and housed on its premises, a meeting in London heard on 21 July. The option is one that the centre is considering in the wake of a critical report on data security at its predecessor, the NHS Information Centre.1

The HSCIC’s chief executive, Andy Williams, said that the centre would start a data laboratory service to enable people who were entitled to access data to do so “in a safe environment with HSCIC managed networks and facilities.” The aim would be to ensure the greatest protection of the public’s information, he added, by obliging users to travel to the centre’s own facilities rather than getting the data electronically or in other ways.

Asked …
Lilly's challenge to Australia's drug rationing scheme fails
Authors: Bob Burton
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Eli Lilly Australia has failed to overturn the repeated rejection of its osteoporosis drug teriparatide (Forteo) from being included in the government's drug subsidy scheme. An independent review, requested by the company, dismissed the clinical data in Lilly's submissions as inadequate.

The review was seen as a test case on whether a change, introduced at the insistence of the drug industry through the Australia-US free trade agreement, would make it easier to overturn decisions made by the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee. That committee decides which drugs are included in Australia's pharmaceutical benefits scheme, under which patients …
Effects of Nitric Oxide in Septic Shock
Authors: JEAN-LOUIS VINCENT, HAIBO ZHANG, CSABA SZABO, JEAN-CHARLES PREISER
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHESIS AN...INCREASED NO PRODUCTION I...EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES WITH...EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES WITH...CLINICAL STUDIES WITH NO ...ReferencesCITING ARTICLES
The Landry–Guillain–Barré Syndrome
Authors: Donald I. Charous, Bruce I. Saxe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

SINCE the original descriptions of the Landry–Guillain–Barré syndrome, first by Landry,1 in 1859, as a brief illness characterized by rapidly spreading paralysis with minimal sensory symptoms and little or no increase of the protein in the spinal fluid, and then by Guillain, Barré and Strohl,2 in 1916, and by Guillain,3 in 1936, as a syndrome of paralysis of the peripheral muscles that pursued a benign course ending in recovery and characterized by an increase of protein in the spinal fluid to 1 to 2 gm. per 100 ml., with no pleocytosis, great debate and controversy have revolved around the criteria . . .
Hemodynamics in Ruptured Chordae Tendineae and Chronic Rheumatic Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: WILLIAM A. BAXLEY, J. WARD KENNEDY, BOLLING FEILD, HAROLD T. DODGE
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Twenty-five patients with proven ruptured mitral chordae tendineae and 25 patients with chronic rheumatic mitral regurgitation were studied with quantitative biplane left-heart angiocardiography. Compared to the rheumatic patients, the ruptured chordae group had strikingly smaller left atrial maximum volume (mean: 119 ± 47 vs 267 ± 131 ml/m 2 mean) and less compliant left atrium (mean: 1.61 ± 1.52 vs 5.14 ± 4.31 ml/mm Hg-m 2 ); less impressively but significantly smaller left ventricular end-diastolic volume (mean: 142 ± 43 vs 188 ± 75 ml/m 2 ) and mass (mean: 133 ± 27 vs 166 ± 50 mm/m 2 ), and relatively insignificant tendency toward smaller left ventricular stroke volume and regurgitant flow per stroke. Ejection fractions, ventricular pressures, and forward flow per stroke were not significantly different. Within the ruptured chordae group, the duration of heart failure was not significantly correlated with any hemodynamic variable. These results indicate quantitatively the spectrum of abnormal hemodynamics in these two different etiologic forms of mitral insufficiency. The most striking differences between the two groups are in atrial dynamics. In spite of the usually more acute nature of ruptured chordae, significant compensatory dilatation and hypertrophy of the left ventricle is common in those patients. In both groups, large regurgitant flows with relatively normal ventricular function as expressed by ejection fraction is the usual finding.
Estrogen and progesterone receptors in the gallbladders from patients with gallstones
Authors: Franco O. Ranelletti, Mauro Piantelli, Everardo Zanella, Arnaldo Capelli, Attilio M. Farinon
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Cytosolic receptors for estrogen and progesterone were assayed in 50 gallbladders from 29 women and 21 men who had cholecystectomies because of choleithiasis. High-affinity (equilibrium dissociation constant, K D = 0.46 ± 0.23 nmol/L of 24 cases) estrogen receptors were detected in 20 of 29 gallbladders from women (range = 1.6 to 32 fmol/mg protein; mean ± S.D. = 10.9 ± 8.1), whereas in men only 4 of 21 specimens contained detectable estrogen receptors. High-affinity (K D = 0.45 ± 0.17 nmol/L; mean ± S.D. of 41 cases) progesterone receptors were found in 25 of 29 gallbladders of women (range = 2 to 62 fmol/mg protein; mean ± S.D. = 19.2 ± 14.4) and in 16 of 21 gallbladders of men (range = 4 to 36 fmol/mg protein; mean ± S.D. = 12.5 ± 8.5). There is a statistically significant difference between men and women in the proportion of estrogen receptor-positive gallbladders, 19% and 69% for men and women, respectively. Progesterone receptors are present in similar proportion in the gallbladders of men (72.2%) and women (86.2%). In women a positive correlation between estrogen and progesterone receptors was found. Even in the absence of estrogen receptors, the gallbladders of men express progesterone receptors at levels similar to those observed in women. At least in cholelithiasic gallbladders, this suggests that a sex difference exists in the coexpression of estrogen and progesterone receptors. Such a difference could be related with the higher gallstone incidence in women than in men. (Hepatology 1991;14:608-612.)
Trends in Survival From Malignant Melanoma: Remarkable Improvement in 23 Years
Authors: Magnus Thörn, Hans-Olov Adami, Reinhold Bergström, Ulrik Ringborg, Ulla Brith Krusemo
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

Journal Article Trends in Survival From Malignant Melanoma: Remarkable Improvement in 23 Years Get access Magnus Thörn, Magnus Thörn Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hans-Olov Adami, Hans-Olov Adami Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Reinhold Bergström, Reinhold Bergström Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ulrik Ringborg, Ulrik Ringborg Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ulla Brith Krusemo Ulla Brith Krusemo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 8, 19 April 1989, Pages 611–617, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.8.611 Published: 19 April 1989 Article history Received: 14 September 1988 Revision received: 23 January 1989 Accepted: 25 January 1989 Published: 19 April 1989
Detecting deficient energy and protein intake in hospital patients: a simple record method.
Authors: I B Hessov
Journal: BMJ (1978)

non-survivors, in accordance with the routine advocated by Skillman.13Fluid administration was also carefully monitored with a Swan-Ganz catheter.These factors could account for some difference in pulmonary interstitial fluid between the two groups.The mean volume of crystalloid given to non-survivors, however, was not excessive (less than 6 ml/kg/h).There was also no correlation between the postoperative PA-ao,, total and hourly fluid gain, or amount of colloid infused.From this preliminary study we conclude that patients who have previously received bleomycin treatment have a greatly increased risk of developing postoperative pulmonary com- plications.A factor that appears to lessen this risk is a reduction in the oxygen concentration administered during operation and in the immediate postoperative period.Careful monitoring of fluid replacement, with emphasis on colloids rather than crystalloids, may play an accessory part in decreasing or preventing pulmonary interstitial oedema.
Pleurectomy through the triangle of auscultation.
Authors: O J Lau, S Shawkat
Journal: Thorax (1982)

<h3>Introduction/Background</h3> Magnetic resonance imaging (MR) offers high soft tissue contrast to allow accurate assessment of local disease extent in cervical carcinoma. Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) is a new technique that allows simultaneous generation of multiple contrast with T1 and T2 quantitative maps. It has been shown to be useful in the grading of prostate carcinoma and detection of breast carcinoma. The aims of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of applying MRF in cervical carcinoma and quantifying the T1 and T2 values of tumour tissue. <h3>Methodology</h3> Consecutive patients with newly diagnosed cervical carcinoma and MR examinations before treatment were prospectively recruited for MRF. MR examinations were performed on a 3T system (Philips Achieva TX). Multi-slice MRF was acquired using an inversion recovery steady-state free precession sequence with spiral-in-spiral-out trajectory, pseudorandomized flip angles and repetition times over 1000 dynamics. T1 and T2 maps were obtained using the MRF dictionary matching algorithm. Values were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. <h3>Results</h3> Eleven patients (54.9 ± 16.8 years) with FIGO stage IB2 to IVA (IB2 1, IIA1 2, IIB 4, IIIC1 3, IVA 1) were recruited. All patients had squamous cell carcinoma, except for one with adenocarcinoma. The T1 value of tumour was 1534 ± 115 msec and the T2 value was 67 ± 12 msec. It was noted that the adenocarcinoma had higher T1 and T2 values (1721 msec and 93 msec) than squamous cell carcinoma (figures 1 and 2). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Magnetic resonance fingerprinting was feasible in evaluation of cervical carcinoma and permitted T1 and T2 quantification of the tumour thereof with one acquisition. <h3>Disclosure</h3> Nothing to disclose
John George Clarke Munro
Authors: H D R Munro
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Born in Finzean, Aberdeenshire, John George Clarke Munro (“Clarke”) attended Robert Gordon’s College, Aberdeen (1940-4).

He first graduated BSc from the University of Aberdeen in 1947. Following national service in the Royal Air Force (shortened after qualifying as a pilot), he entered medical school in Aberdeen, qualifying MB ChB in 1954. Throughout his university career, he excelled in athletics and rugby, representing the university in both sports over several years.

After a period of general practice in Coventry from 1956 to 1963, Clarke emigrated …
Willingness to pay and time trade-off: sensitive to changes of quality of life in psoriasis patients?
Authors: R. Schiffner, J. Schiffner-Rohe, M. Gerstenhauer, F. Hofstadter, M. Landthaler, W. Stolz
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Summary Background Willingness to pay (WTP) and time trade-off (TTO) have been used successfully as quality of life (QOL) measurements in dermatology. However, until now there have been no studies available individually comparing these measures pre- and post-treatment. Objectives To check sensitivity to changes for WTP and TTO (i) pre- to post-treatment, and (ii) to a 6-month follow-up period. Methods We performed a prospective multicentre study in outpatients with psoriasis vulgaris treated with synchronous balneo-phototherapy (simultaneous application of narrowband ultraviolet B and bathing in 10% Dead Sea salt solution). Besides WTP and TTO, the Psoriasis Disability Index (PDI) and the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) were monitored. Results One hundred and ninety-four patients participated in the pretreatment survey, of whom 138 (71%; 84 men, 54 women; mean age 43·9 years) also returned the post-treatment questionnaire. WTP (percentage of monthly income) was shown to be independent of patients' income. During treatment, mean ± SD WTP fell from 13·8 ± 19·2% to 11·5 ± 15·9% (relative improvement 16·7%; P < 0·05), TTO (h per day) from 2·7 ± 3·8 to 2·3 ± 3·6 (relative improvement 15%; P < 0·001), PDI improved from 29·8 ± 18·6 to 23·5 ± 18·9 (relative improvement 21·1%; P < 0·001) and PASI (available for 113 patients) from 14·9 ± 7·7 to 5·6 ± 5·0 (relative improvement 62·4%; P < 0·001). Changes in WTP, PDI and PASI were statistically significantly correlated. Ninety-one of 138 patients (66%) also completed a third survey after a follow-up period: no further changes in PDI, WTP and TTO were found, indicating a stable QOL post-treatment. Conclusions Correlation analysis indicated that WTP, assessed as percentage of monthly income, seems to be an appropriate way to measure QOL, unbiased by income of patients. WTP, TTO and PDI were correlated and were sensitive to changes during treatment. WTP and TTO therefore also seem to be appropriate tools for assessment of QOL in interventional studies, especially for pharmacoeconomic analyses.
Fundamental Flaws of Hormesis for Public Health Decisions
Authors: Kristina A. Thayer, Ronald Melnick, Kathy Burns, Devra Davis, James Huff
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Hormesis (defined operationally as low-dose stimulation, high-dose inhibition) is often used to promote the notion that while high-level exposures to toxic chemicals could be detrimental to human health, low-level exposures would be beneficial. Some proponents claim hormesis is an adaptive, generalizable phenomenon and argue that the default assumption for risk assessments should be that toxic chemicals induce stimulatory (i.e., "beneficial") effects at low exposures. In many cases, nonmonotonic dose-response curves are called hormetic responses even in the absence of any mechanistic characterization of that response. Use of the term "hormesis," with its associated descriptors, distracts from the broader and more important questions regarding the frequency and interpretation of nonmonotonic dose responses in biological systems. A better understanding of the biological basis and consequences of nonmonotonic dose-response curves is warranted for evaluating human health risks. The assumption that hormesis is generally adaptive is an oversimplification of complex biological processes. Even if certain low-dose effects were sometimes considered beneficial, this should not influence regulatory decisions to allow increased environmental exposures to toxic and carcinogenic agents, given factors such as interindividual differences in susceptibility and multiplicity in exposures. In this commentary we evaluate the hormesis hypothesis and potential adverse consequences of incorporating low-dose beneficial effects into public health decisions. Key words: biphasic dose response, hormesis, individual susceptibility, low-dose exposures, nonmonotonic dose response, nonlinear dose response, public health, regulation, risk assessment.
778 Extended double-dosage HBV vaccination after liver transplantation is ineffective, even without lamivudine and prior HBIG wash-out
Authors: M ANGELICO, D DIPAOLO, C TELESCA, I LENCI, R LIONETTI, A PETROLATI, S ZAZZA, G TISONE
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Allograft outcome can be improved with the discovery of risk factors that influence adverse events and may allow individualization of patients' treatment. Rejection is the main hurdle to successful transplantation and the immune response is the key effecter to rejection development. Hence, the major objective of the present study was to assess the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 5 cytokine genes, HLA mismatch and graft outcome in a cohort of 100 Saudi kidney transplant recipients and 100 living related donors at a single transplant center.Genotyping of the following positions: TNFA (− 308 G/A), TGFB1 (codon 10 T/C, codon 25 C/G), IL-10 (− 1082 G/A, − 819 C/T, − 592 C/A), IL-6 (− 174 C/G), and IFNG (+ 874 T/A) were performed.The majority of the donors whose recipients presented with either cellular or antibody mediated graft rejection (90% and 100%) respectively were found to be significantly (p = 0.0351) associated with intermediate or high IL-10 producing haplotypes, compared to those with stable grafts (58.66%). Haplotypes linked with lower IL-10 production were not detected in the donors or their recipients with antibody mediated graft rejection compared to donors with stable graft (41.33%). The distribution of donor IL-10-1082 haplotypes (GG, GA, AA) showed a statistically significant association of IL-10-1082 GA genotype (p = 0.0351) with rejection, when grouped according to patients' rejection status. No other statistically significant deviations were observed in the donors' genotypes. Analyses of cytokine polymorphisms in the recipients revealed no significant association. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that only HLA-DRB1 mismatch significantly influenced graft loss (p = 0.0135).This study demonstrates that the donor IL-10 genotypes and HLA-DRB1 mismatch are key determinants in graft outcome after renal transplantation.
Prediction of True Positive Lung Cancers in Individuals with Abnormal Suspicious Chest Radiographs—A Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial Study
Authors: Martin Carl Tammemagi, Matthew T. Freedman, Paul F. Pinsky, Martin M. Oken, Ping Hu, Thomas L. Riley, Lawrence R. Ragard, Christine D. Berg, Philip C. Prorok
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Differential regulation of eotaxin expression by IFN-γ in airway epithelial cells
Authors: Satoshi Matsukura, Fumio Kokubu, Hideki Kuga, Mio Kawaguchi, Koushi Ieki, Miho Odaka, Shintarou Suzuki, Shin Watanabe, Hiroko Takeuchi, Mitsuru Adachi, Cristiana Stellato, Robert P. Schleimer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Endoscopic Application of Gianturco-Rösch Biliary Z-Stent<sup>®</sup>
Authors: C. S. Shim, M. S. Lee, J. H. Kim, S. W. Cho
Journal: Endoscopy (1992)

Ginaturco-Rösch Z-stent is a new self-expanding stainless steel stent for drainage of the obstructed biliary system. It has been used only with a percutaneous transhepatic technique. We describe a new method for endoscopic retrograde placement of a Gianturco-Rösch biliary Z-stent. This report describes our experience for endoscopic application of a Gianturco-Rösch biliary Z-stent in a patient with a benign stricture and multiple common bile duct stones.
Expression of multidrug resistance P-glycoproteins (MDRS) and multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPS) in WILSON disease (WD)
Authors: G. Zollner, P. Fickert, A. Fuchsbichler, C. Stumptner, H. Denk, K. Zatloukal, P. Ferenci, M. Trauner
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Cost-Effectiveness of Alternative Methods for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening
Authors: David R Lairson, Jacqueline A Pugh, Asha S Kapadia, Ronald J Lorimor, James Jacobson, Ramon Velez
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

OBJECTIVE To assess from the perspectives of a government delivery system and patients, the cost-effectiveness of the 45-degrees retinal camera compared to the standard ophthalmologist's exam and an ophthalmic exam by a physician's assistant or nurse practitioner technician, for detecting nonproliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Comparison of 45-degrees fundus photographs with and without pharmacological pupil dilation taken by technicians and interpreted by experts, direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy by ophthalmologists, and direct ophthalmoscopy by technicians with seven-field stereoscopic fundus photography (reference standard). Costs were estimated from market prices and actual resource use. The study included 352 patients attending outpatient diabetes and general-medicine clinics at VA and DOD facilities. RESULTS Medical system costs per true positive were: 45-degrees photos with dilation, $295; 45-degrees photos without dilation, $378; ophthalmologist, $390; and technician, $794. Patient costs per true positive were: 45-degrees photos with dilation, $139; 45-degrees photos without dilation, $171; ophthalmologist, $306; and technician, $1009. Cost-effectiveness is sensitive to program size due to high fixed cost of the camera methods but not to prevalence. Cost-effectiveness of the technician exam is strongly affected by its sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Primary-care screening with retinal photographs through pharmacologically dilated pupils for diabetic retinopathy is an appropriate and cost-effective alternative to screening by an ophthalmologist in this setting. Ophthalmologists are scarce, primary-care physicians are extremely busy, and large clinics allow fixed equipment costs to be spread across many patients.
A Somatic Interpretation of the Psychiatry of Benjamin Rush
Authors: CHRIS HOLMES
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

Benjamin Rush's position in history as a humanitarian and as a conscientious physician is secure. But he cannot be understood or his views properly appreciated unless he is recognized as a child of the 18th century. Rush came to hold a unitary view of disease, and this inevitably dictated his views regarding the nature of mental illness and its treatment by somatic remedies such as bleeding, purging, and warm and cold baths.
Successful Removal from the Duodenum of Swallowed Sewing Needles Using Devised Endoscopic Forceps
Authors: A. Enjoji, Y. Nagata, A. Furuichi, S. Kawakami, H. Saiwai, J. Furui, K. Kawazoe, T. Kanematsu
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

We report on our novel technique for endoscopic removal of sharp needles from the duodenum. A 43-year-old woman was referred to our hospital after attempting suicide by swallowing sewing needles. Endoscopy revealed the presence of five needles in the duodenum, with the tips lodged in the duodenal wall (Figure [1]). Four of the five needles were removed safely using a snare and grasping forceps (SD11L-1, FG-17K-1; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) through an overtube in the esophagus. The fifth needle had penetrated through the pylorus into the stomach during the procedure. To remove it without further injury, we used forceps (FB-21K-1; Olympus) through the sheath normally used for a clip device (HX-5LR-1; Olympus). After placing the needle completely within the sheath, we were able to remove the needle through the forceps channel easily and safely (Figure [2]).