tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nationwide Public-Access Defibrillation in Japan
Authors: Tetsuhisa Kitamura, Taku Iwami, Takashi Kawamura, Ken Nagao, Hideharu Tanaka, Atsushi Hiraide
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

It is unclear whether dissemination of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in public places can improve the rate of survival among patients who have had an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.From January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2007, we conducted a prospective, population-based, observational study involving consecutive patients across Japan who had an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and in whom resuscitation was attempted by emergency responders. We evaluated the effect of nationwide dissemination of public-access AEDs on the rate of survival after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The primary outcome measure was the 1-month rate of survival with minimal neurologic impairment. A multivariate logistic-regression analysis was performed to assess factors associated with a good neurologic outcome.A total of 312,319 adults who had an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were included in the study; 12,631 of these patients had ventricular fibrillation and had an arrest that was of cardiac origin and that was witnessed by bystanders. In 462 of these patients (3.7%), shocks were administered by laypersons with the use of public-access AEDs, and the proportion increased, from 1.2% to 6.2%, as the number of public-access AEDs increased (P<0.001 for trend). Among all patients who had a bystander-witnessed arrest of cardiac origin and who had ventricular fibrillation, 14.4% were alive at 1 month with minimal neurologic impairment; among patients who received shocks from public-access AEDs, 31.6% were alive at 1 month with minimal neurologic impairment. Early defibrillation, regardless of the type of provider (bystander or emergency-medical-services personnel), was associated with a good neurologic outcome after a cardiac arrest with ventricular fibrillation (adjusted odds ratio per 1-minute increase in the time to administration of shock, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.89 to 0.92; P<0.001). The mean time to shock was reduced from 3.7 to 2.2 minutes, and the annual number of patients per 10 million population who survived with minimal neurologic impairment increased from 2.4 to 8.9 as the number of public-access AEDs increased from fewer than 1 per square kilometer of inhabited area to 4 or more.Nationwide dissemination of public-access AEDs in Japan resulted in earlier administration of shocks by laypersons and in an increase in the 1-month rate of survival with minimal neurologic impairment after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
Purpura and Septicemia Due to<i>Neisseria subflava</i>
Authors: Harold G. Muchmore, Homer D. Venters
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

PETECHIAE of the skin, associated with fever, headache and neck stiffness, were recognized as a reliable sign of meningitis before Weichselbaum described the meningococcus in 1887. The presence of the meningococcus in the bloodstream was first reported in 1899 by Gwyn1 during his residency training period under Osler. Subsequently, meningococci were demonstrated to be present in the petechial skin lesions.2 The concept of meningococcemia separate from meningitis was clearly defined by Herrick3 in 1919, but most patients with meningococcal petechiae then proceeded to meningitis, and only after antimicrobial agents came into use were appreciable cases of meningococcemia without meningitis reported. . . .
Impact of Septal Radiofrequency Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation
Authors: Benjamin Berte, Frederic Sacher, Saagar Mahida, Seigo Yamashita, Han S. Lim, Arnaud Denis, Nicolas Derval, Mélèze Hocini, Michel Haïssaguerre, Hubert Cochet, Pierre Jaïs
Journal: Circulation (2014)
Single-particle Tracking as a Quantitative Microscopy-based Approach to Unravel Cell Entry Mechanisms of Viruses and Pharmaceutical Nanoparticles
Authors: Nadia Ruthardt, Don C Lamb, Christoph Bräuchle
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Highly sensitive fluorescence microscopy techniques allow single nanoparticles to be tracked during their uptake into living cells with high temporal and spatial resolution. From analysis of the trajectories, random motion can be discriminated from active transport and the average transport velocity and/or diffusion coefficient determined. Such an analysis provides important information regarding the uptake pathway and location of viruses and nanoparticles. In this review, we give an introduction into single-particle tracking (SPT) and determination of the mean-squared displacement. We also give an overview of recent advances in SPT. These include millisecond alternating-laser excitation for removal of spectral crosstalk, alternating wide-field (WF), and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy for sensitive experiments at the plasma membrane and three-dimensional tracking strategies. Throughout the review, we highlight recent advances regarding the entry (and egress) of natural and artificial viruses obtained via SPT. Highly sensitive fluorescence microscopy techniques allow single nanoparticles to be tracked during their uptake into living cells with high temporal and spatial resolution. From analysis of the trajectories, random motion can be discriminated from active transport and the average transport velocity and/or diffusion coefficient determined. Such an analysis provides important information regarding the uptake pathway and location of viruses and nanoparticles. In this review, we give an introduction into single-particle tracking (SPT) and determination of the mean-squared displacement. We also give an overview of recent advances in SPT. These include millisecond alternating-laser excitation for removal of spectral crosstalk, alternating wide-field (WF), and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy for sensitive experiments at the plasma membrane and three-dimensional tracking strategies. Throughout the review, we highlight recent advances regarding the entry (and egress) of natural and artificial viruses obtained via SPT.
Photocarcinogenesis and persistent hyperplasia in UV-irradiated SENCAR mouse skin.
Authors: P T Strickland
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Susceptibility to photocarcinogenesis has been examined in several mouse strains and stocks including SENCAR, CD-1, BALB/c, C3H, C57Bl, and NZB, SENCAR mice are hypersusceptible to tumorigenesis caused by single high dose exposures to ultraviolet (UV) radiation but not by chronic low-dose exposures. SENCAR mice also exhibit an exaggerated and persistent epidermal hyperplasia in response to UV-induced tissue damage. The persistent hyperplasia is apparently due to a sustained proliferation of the epithelial basal cells, rather than to delayed cell differentiation. SENCAR mice did not exhibit persistent hyperplasia following other forms of tissue damage (surgical or thermal). In related studies, the levels of thymine dimers induced in SENCAR epidermis by UV radiation were comparable to those observed in BALB/c epidermis. In addition, no differences were found in the tissue distribution or persistence of thymine dimers in SENCAR and BALB/c skin.
CERTIFIED MILK IN SMALL CITIES.
Authors: C. W. M BROWN
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Forty-nine states and territories have laws applying to the production and care of milk and its products, while a large number of municipalities have ordinances governing its quality, transit, care and sale. All these laws and ordinances, with possibly one exception, apply chiefly to the amount of butter-fat and total solids the milk must contain and not to the quantity of extraneous matters or to the bacterial count. Interest in and knowledge of milk and foods is increasing both in the medical profession and among the laity, if the numerous articles of scientific and popular interest in the medical and lay journals can be adduced as evidence. But in spite of this interest and increase of knowledge, the fact remains that ordinary milk, while of almost universal use, is the most uncleanly article of food on our tables. <h3>STERILIZATION AND PASTEURIZATION.</h3> That the average milk is unclean and many times
Letter: Retinitis pigmentosa.
Authors: H C Bird, B Jay
Journal: BMJ (1975)

18 (2-1%) 56 (8 0%) 2 (0 7%) Minor difference (B) 41 (4 7%) 77 (11-0%)12 (4-1%)Total A + B 59 (6-8%) 133 (19-0%)14 (4-8%)
Circulating Endothelial Cell Count as a Diagnostic Marker for Non–ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Jacques Quilici, Nathalie Banzet, Philippe Paule, Jean-Baptiste Meynard, Murielle Mutin, Jean-Louis Bonnet, Pierre Ambrosi, José Sampol, Françoise Dignat-George
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Shedding of endothelial cells from damaged endothelium into the blood occurs in a variety of vascular disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of circulating endothelial cell (CEC) count as a diagnostic marker of non–ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes (ACSs). Methods and Results— CEC counts were determined immediately (H0), 4 hours (H4), and 8 hours (H8) after admission in 60 patients with documented non–ST-elevation ACS and 40 control patients with no evidence of coronary artery disease. A total of 32 patients in the ACS group had elevated CEC counts (&gt;3 cells/mL) in relation to early admission and single-episode chest pain. Patients from the control group had normal CEC counts. The interval between the chest pain episode and elevation was significantly shorter for CEC than troponin I. No correlation was found between the 2 markers. Interestingly, a subgroup of ACS patients with initially normal troponin I levels had high CEC counts, thus allowing early diagnosis in 30% more cases. At H0, the mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was significantly higher with the CEC count than with the troponin I level. At H4 and H8, the combined use of CEC and troponin was significantly better as a marker of ACS than CEC alone or troponin I alone. Conclusions— This study demonstrates that CEC count can be used as an early, specific, independent diagnostic marker for non–ST-elevation ACS. A combined strategy using CEC count and troponin I level could provide an effective diagnostic tool.
Ehlers–Danlos syndrome type VIII: biochemical, stereological and immunocytochemical studies on dermis from a child with clinical signs of Ehlers–Danlos syndrome and a family history of premature loss of permanent teeth
Authors: K.M. DYNE, L. VITELLARO-ZUCCARELLO, L. BACCHELLA, G. LANZI, G. CETTA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

We studied collagen expressed by skin fibroblasts in culture, and performed immunocytochemical, ultrastructural and stereological analysis of dermis from a child with signs reminiscent of a mild Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS) type IV and severe periodontitis. No alterations in types I and II collagen synthesis and secretion, or serum levels of type III procollagen aminoterminal propeptide were found, and morphological studies revealed non-specific alterations of collagen and elastic components observed in many connective tissue disorders.
Death rate after bowel cancer surgery is higher than previously thought
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Numbers of deaths after surgery for bowel cancer in England are much higher than previously believed, and death rates vary significantly between hospital trusts, a new study has found.

Five trusts had rates of death within 30 days of surgery that were significantly worse than the average for England between 2003 and 2006, says a new study in Gut (doi:10.1136/gut.2010.232181). They were Burton Hospitals NHS Trust; Whittington Hospital NHS Trust, north London; Rotherham NHS Foundation Trust; Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust; and Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust. Three trusts had mortality significantly lower than the average: Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust; Countess of Chester Hospital NHS Trust; and Shrewsbury and Telford Hospital NHS Trust.

But when the data were updated with provisional data for …
Depressive Symptoms and Oral Contraceptives
Authors: B. N. Herzberg, A. L. Johnson, S. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1970)

Of 261 women who completed a self-rating scale for measuring depression, 168 were taking oral contraceptives and 93 were using physical methods of contraception. Of the group of women taking oral contraceptives 6·6% were more severely depressed than any of the control group. There was a significant variation in the depth of depression related to the day of the menstrual cycle in the control group. This association was not found in the oral contraceptive group, where premenstrual depression was limited to the one or two days preceding menstruation. Women taking a contraceptive containing lynoestrenol 2·5 mg. and mestranol 0·075 mg. showed a significantly increased incidence of pessimism, feelings of dissatisfaction, crying, and tension, compared with women taking other oral contraceptives and the control group.
Hepatitis A Vaccines Considered for Licensing
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

TWO HEPATITIS A vaccines are being considered by the Food and Drug Administration for licensing. Studies indicating their safety and efficacy already have been reviewed by the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee at a meeting in the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga. One of the vaccines is being developed by Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme, West Point, Pa; the other by Smith-Kline Beecham, Philadelphia, Pa. Both are cultivated from cell lines and inactivated with formalin. <h3>2658 Subjects</h3> The Merck product has been given to 2658 persons during safety and immunogenicity trials. "In general, the vaccine has been well tolerated with only the expected local and transient reactions at the injection site, and no serious adverse clinical experiences," says David R. Nalin, MD, Merck's clinical research director. The vaccine has now been tested in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Monroe, NY (northwest of New York City), an area in which hepatitis
Vascularizing the heart
Authors: P. R. Riley, N. Smart
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

As the developing heart grows and the chamber walls thicken, passive diffusion of oxygen and nutrients is replaced by a vascular plexus which remodels and expands to form a mature coronary vascular system. The coronary arteries and veins ensure the continued development of the heart and facilitate cardiac output with progression towards birth. Many aspects of coronary vessel development are surprisingly not well understood and recently there has been much debate surrounding both the developmental origin and tissue contribution of cardiovascular cells alongside the specific signals that determine their fate and function. What is clear is that an understanding of the cellular and molecular cues to vascularize the heart of the embryo has significant implications for adult heart disease and regeneration, as we move towards targeted cell-based therapies for neovascularization and coronary bypass engraftment. This review will focus on the proposed cellular origins for the coronary endothelium with due consideration to the pro-epicardial organ/epicardium, sinus venosus and endocardium as potential sources, and we will explore the outstanding questions and technical limitations with respect to accurate labelling and lineage tracing of the developing coronaries. We will briefly document canonical vascular signalling that induces vessels in the heart alongside a focus on the potential for developmental reprogramming and putative mechanisms underpinning venous vs. arterial cell fate. Finally, we will extrapolate directly from development to address adult maintenance of the coronaries, vascular homeostasis and remodelling in response to pathology, aligned with the potential for revascularizing the injured adult heart.
Abstract 2422: Circulating miRNAs as potential biomarkers in prostate cancer pathogenesis.
Authors: Anvesha Srivastava, Malathi Ramalinga, Deepak Kumar, Alexander Dimtchev, Juliet Chijioke, Offie Soldin, Xin Li, Catalin Marian, Simeng Suy, Sean P. Collins, Deepak Kumar
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction: According to the American Cancer Society, prostate cancer (PCa) is a major health concern for U.S. men and is expected to result in approximately 241,740 new cases and about 28,170 deaths in 2012. African American (AA) men have a 60 percent higher incidence rate and twice the death rate of Caucasian men (CA). Whereas metastasis is the most common cause of death, no specific markers have been assigned to the severity and ethnic biasness of the disease. Deregulation of miRNAs has been observed in various human tumors which emphasize their role in cancer pathogenesis, progression and metastasis. This study was aimed to investigate potential miRNAs involved in PCa. The study also aims to identify potential biomarkers and/or their therapeutic targets which can provide insight into the severity and ethnic biasness of disease. Methods: Study was divided into three phases: (I) Candidate serum miRNAs were detected by using PCR microarray (learning set of 6 AA and 6 CA PCa patients). (II) Discriminating performance of candidate miRNAs were validated by real-time RT-PCR in serum [AA (20 PCa patients and 16 controls) and CA (16 PCa patients and 16 controls). (III) Functional studies on candidate miRNA(s) were subsequently performed using gain-and loss-of-function approach in cellular assays. Results: In the discovery phase we obtained 5 miRNAs which were differentially expressed in the AA prostate cancer patients. After careful examination miR-212 and few others were selected for future validation. In the validation set there was an overall high expression of miR-212 in serum of PCa patients as compared to normal individuals (p=0.0110). Subdivision on the basis of ethnicity showed serum expression levels of miR-212 in AA were significantly modulated (p=0.034) as compared to CA PCa patients. Functional validation of miR-212 was done in PC3 and LnCap cell lines. Conclusion: Our results showed a potential role for miR-212 in the regulation of gene expression which in turn can define the aggressiveness associated in African American PCa patients. Citation Format: Anvesha Srivastava, Malathi Ramalinga, Deepak Kumar, Alexander Dimtchev, Juliet Chijioke, Offie Soldin, Xin Li, Catalin Marian, Simeng Suy, Sean P. Collins, Deepak Kumar. Circulating miRNAs as potential biomarkers in prostate cancer pathogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2422. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2422
Vitamin E Deficiency in Adults
Authors: RONALD J. SOKOL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 May 1984Vitamin E Deficiency in AdultsRONALD J. SOKOL, M.D.RONALD J. SOKOL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-100-5-769_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We were pleased to see our recent article (1) reviewed in the "From Other Pages" section of the January 1984 issue. The commentary by Dr. Black implied, however, that the neurologic abnormalities associated with vitamin E deficiency were limited to children. On the contrary, recent reports have described adults with various chronic malabsorption conditions who have developed biochemical and clinical evidence of the vitamin E deficiency neurologic syndrome. These adults with cystic fibrosis (2), Crohn's disease (3), and short bowel syndrome (3, 4) had a beneficial clinical response to vitamin E repletion, similar to that seen in...References1. SOKOL R, HEUBI J, IANNACCONE S, BOVE K, and BALISTRERI W. Mechanism causing vitamin E deficiency during chronic childhood cholestasis. Gastroenterology. 1983;85:1172-82. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. ELIAS E, MULLER D, and SCOTT J. Association of spinocerebellar disorders with cystic fibrosis or chronic childhood cholestasis and very low serum vitamin E. Lancet. 1981;2:1313-21. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. HARDING A, MULLER D, THOMAS P, and WILLISON H. Spinocerebellar degeneration secondary to chronic intestinal malabsorption: a vitamin E deficiency syndrome. Ann Neurol. 1982;12:419-24. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. HOWARD L, OVESEN L, SATYA-MURTI S, and CHU R. Reversible neurological symptoms caused by vitamin E deficiency in a patient with short bowel syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr. 1982;36:1243-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. CHARRON L, PEYRONNARD J, and MARCHAND L. Sensory neuropathy associated with primary biliary cirrhosis—histologic and morphometric studies. Arch Neurol. 1980;37:84-7. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: RONALD J. SOKOL, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byParkinson's disease: A chronic, low-grade antioxidant deficiency?Vitamin E and selenium concentrations in milk and milkfractions 1 May 1984Volume 100, Issue 5Page: 769-769KeywordsChildrenCrohn's diseaseCystic fibrosisVitamin E ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...
Rosiglitazone attenuates age- and diet-associated nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in male low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice
Authors: Anisha A. Gupte, Joey Z. Liu, Yuelan Ren, Laurie J. Minze, Jessica R. Wiles, Alan R. Collins, Christopher J. Lyon, Domenico Pratico, Milton J. Finegold, Stephen T. Wong, Paul Webb, John D. Baxter, David D. Moore, Willa A. Hsueh
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common complication of obesity that can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a serious liver pathology that can advance to cirrhosis. The mechanisms responsible for NAFLD progression to NASH remain unclear. Lack of a suitable animal model that faithfully recapitulates the pathophysiology of human NASH is a major obstacle in delineating mechanisms responsible for progression of NAFLD to NASH and, thus, development of better treatment strategies. We identified and characterized a novel mouse model, middle-aged male low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)−/− mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), which developed NASH associated with four of five metabolic syndrome (MS) components. In these mice, as observed in humans, liver steatosis and oxidative stress promoted NASH development. Aging exacerbated the HFD-induced NASH such that liver steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and liver injury markers were greatly enhanced in middle-aged versus young LDLR−/− mice. Although expression of genes mediating fatty acid oxidation and antioxidant responses were up-regulated in young LDLR−/− mice fed HFD, they were drastically reduced in MS mice. However, similar to recent human trials, NASH was partially attenuated by an insulin-sensitizing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) ligand, rosiglitazone. In addition to expected improvements in MS, newly identified mechanisms of PPARγ ligand effects included stimulation of antioxidant gene expression and mitochondrial β-oxidation, and suppression of inflammation and fibrosis. LDLR-deficiency promoted NASH, because middle-aged C57BL/6 mice fed HFD did not develop severe inflammation and fibrosis, despite increased steatosis. Conclusion: MS mice represent an ideal model to investigate NASH in the context of MS, as commonly occurs in human disease, and NASH development can be substantially attenuated by PPARγ activation, which enhances β-oxidation. (HEPATOLOGY 2010.)