tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Disposable Microhydrometer
Authors: Isaac S. Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1965)

There is a need for a rapid, simple bedside method for determining the specific gravity of small amounts of urine. It would be of value in clinical situations in which only minute quantities of urine are obtainable, particularly oliguric or anuric states such as acute renal failure or dehydration. This procedure could also be utilized for the evaluation of infantile renal function without resorting to bladder catheterization, or during ureteral catheterization when only drops of urine are collected. It could, in addition, be used to measure the specific gravity of small quantities of urine obtained during concentration tests which the laboratory frequently reports as quantity not sufficient (QNS). A disposable microhydrometer has been developed which, within the range of clinical needs, can determine the specific gravity of as little as 0.5 ml of urine or other fluids.  Materials and Methods  The disposable urinometer consists of five plastic pellets of different
The Prognostic Significance of Focal Adhesion Kinase Expression in Stage I Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Grace K. Dy, Lourdes Ylagan, Saraswati Pokharel, Austin Miller, Elizabeth Brese, Wiam Bshara, Carl Morrison, William G. Cance, Vita M. Golubovskaya
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
Oral Amphotericin for Candidiasis in Patients With Hematologic Neoplasms
Authors: Ediz Z. Ezdinli
Journal: JAMA (1979)

Autopsy examinations were conducted in 72 patients with hematologic malignant neoplasms who received antibacterial therapy before their deaths. These patients were participants in a large double-blind study designed to assess the efficacy of oral amphotericin B in decreasing the incidence of candidal infection. The patients received either 50 mg of amphotericin B orally four times a day, or they received a matching placebo. Eight of 33 patients (24%) who had received placebo and two of 39 (5%) who had received amphotericin had histopathologic evidence of disseminated candidiasis. We conclude that in these patients with hematologic malignant neoplasms who received antibiotics within two weeks of death, the concomitant oral administration of amphotericin was effective in decreasing the incidence of systemic candidal infections, indicating that the gastrointestinal tract serves as a portal of entry for Candida albicans.
Multiple basaloid follicular hamartomas associated with acrochordons, seborrhoeic keratoses and chondrosarcoma
Authors: M. Ricks, D.M. Elston, C.R. Sartori
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Basaloid follicular hamartoma is an uncommon neoplasm with distinctive histopathological findings. It presents as four distinctive clinical forms: a solitary papule, a localized plaque of alopecia, a localized linear and unilateral type, and generalized papules with associated alopecia and myasthenia gravis. Histologically, basaloid follicular hamartomas are characterized by thin branching strands and thick cords of basaloid or squamoid cells extending from a follicle into a loose, fibrillar, fibrocytic or mucinous connective tissue stroma. We report a case of long-standing, generalized basaloid follicular hamartomas associated with acrochordons, seborrhoeic keratoses, and a history of chondrosarcoma. In general, solitary tumours are sporadic; multiple tumours are inherited and frequently associated with a syndrome. Further surveillance is warranted to determine if the association of multiple basaloid follicular hamartomas and chondrosarcoma constitutes an inherited syndrome.
Abstract 5007: RSK isoform regulation of migration and invasion in glioblastoma
Authors: Amanda Prechtl, Florian Sulzmaier, Pengfei Jiang, Santosh Kesari, Joe Ramos
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is associated with high mortality in patients due in large part to the highly migratory and invasive nature of glioma cells. The 90kDa ribosomal S6 Kinases (RSKs) are a family of serine/theronine kinases that are an integral component of the extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK)/ mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which is highly active in many types of cancer. The RSK family contains four human isoforms (RSK1-4) that regulate a variety of cellular processes including cell proliferation, survival, and motility, however a role for individual RSK isoforms in GBM cell invasion has not clearly been defined. Here, we analyze the roles of RSK1-4 in glioblastoma cell invasion. Using transwell assays and a novel three-dimensional tumor spheroid assay, we found that the highly specific RSK inhibitor, BI-D1870, decreases glioblastoma cell motility and invasion. To identify which RSK isoform was associated with this decrease in invasion, we knocked down each RSK isoform using lentiviral mediated shRNA transduction and found that different RSK isoforms could decrease invasion depending on the cell line, without significantly affecting proliferation. Additionally, RSK2 knockdown in primary patient-derived glioblastoma cells decreased cell migration, and Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients overexpressing RSK2 had a poorer prognosis compared to those expressing normal levels of RSK2. Our studies support a differential role for individual RSKs in glioblastoma invasion, suggesting that targeting RSKs may provide an effective means for the treatment of glioblastoma. Citation Format: Amanda Prechtl, Florian Sulzmaier, Pengfei Jiang, Santosh Kesari, Joe Ramos. RSK isoform regulation of migration and invasion in glioblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5007. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5007
The Human Spine in Health and Disease
Authors: Oscar Sugar
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Georg Schmorl is known to most American physicians by the "nodes" named for him, protrusions of intervertebral disk tissues into adjacent vertebral bodies. Before he died in 1932 at age 72, he had revived interest into the morphology of the spinal column, and his work has been carried on, in particular by Herbert Junghanns. The latter's fifth German edition (1968) of Schmorl's book has now been translated into English by E. F. Besemann of Chattanooga. An English-language bibliography of the last ten years has been added by Besemann to the extensive, chiefly European, bibliography of the German edition. The lucid text covers development, static and dynamic function of the spine, and variations and malformations. There are chapters on pathologic changes of osseous structures, articulations, disks, and the "motor segments"—Junghann's term for the segmented structure of the vertebral column and its coordinated motor spaces (disk, ligaments, apophyseal joints, intervertebral foramina, and
Abacterial and Bacterial Pyelonephritis
Authors: Shigehisa Aoki, Sadao Imamura, Michiko Aoki, W. R. McCabe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Immunofluorescent detection of bacterial antigen in bacterial and "abacterial" pyelonephritis was evaluated with the use of antiserum against an antigen shared by most strains of enterobacteriaceae. Bacterial antigen could not be detected in renal specimens from 20 subjects without renal disease or in eight of nine specimens from patients with various forms of chronic renal disease other than pyelonephritis. Bacterial antigen was found in all six kidneys from patients with pyelonephritis caused by bacteria containing this common antigen. Bacteria and amorphous bacterial antigen were observed in the interstitial tissue, renal tubules, tubular epithelium, macrophages and blood-vessel walls in specimens from the latter patients. Bacterial antigen was also detected in renal specimens from six of the seven patients with "abacterial" pyelonephritis, suggesting that remote asymptomatic renal infection had initiated their renal disease.
Activation of platelets by eosinophil granule proteins.
Authors: M S Rohrbach, C L Wheatley, N R Slifman, G J Gleich
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Two of the four principal cationic proteins of the eosinophil granule, major basic protein (MBP) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), were shown to be platelet agonists. Both MBP and EPO evoked a dose-dependent nonlytic secretion of platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine in unstirred platelet suspensions even in the presence of 10 microM indomethacin. MBP also evoked secretion of platelet alpha granule and lysosome components. Secretion by MBP and EPO was inhibited by 1 microM PGE1, but the nature of the inhibition differed from that observed with thrombin. Thus, MBP and EPO can be classified as strong platelet agonists with a distinct mechanism of activation.
Presence of precore and core promoter mutants limits the probability of response to peginterferon in hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Milan J. Sonneveld, Vincent Rijckborst, Stefan Zeuzem, Jenny E. Heathcote, Krzysztof Simon, Hakan Senturk, Suzan D. Pas, Bettina E. Hansen, Harry L.A. Janssen
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Peginterferon (PEG-IFN) treatment of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) results in HBeAg loss in 30% of patients, but clearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) from serum is less often achieved. We investigated whether the presence of precore (PC) and basal core promoter (BCP) mutants before PEG-IFN treatment affects serological and virological response. A total of 214 HBeAg-positive CHB patients treated with PEG-IFN±lamivudine for 52 weeks in a global randomized trial were classified at baseline as wildtype (WT) or non-WT (detectable mutants at PC/BCP) by line-probe assay. Response was assessed at 6 months posttreatment and through long-term follow-up (LTFU). Mutants were detected in 64% of patients, in varying frequencies across HBV genotypes A through D. Patients with WT had higher baseline HBV DNA, HBeAg, and HBsAg levels than patients with non-WT. Patients with WT were more likely to achieve HBeAg loss with HBV DNA &lt;10,000 copies/mL (response, 34 versus 11%, P &lt; 0.001) and HBsAg clearance (18 versus 2%, P &lt; 0.001) at week 78 than non-WT patients. Among WT patients who achieved HBeAg clearance at week 78, 78% had undetectable HBV DNA and 61% achieved HBsAg clearance at LTFU (versus 26% and 15% in non-WT patients, P &lt; 0.001 for both). The presence of WT virus at baseline was an independent predictor of response (odds ratio [OR] 2.90, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15-7.31, P = 0.023) and HBsAg clearance (OR 5.58, 95% CI: 1.26-24.63, P = 0.013) and patients with non-A genotypes with detectable mutants had a low probability of response. Conclusion: The presence of only WT virus at baseline is a strong predictor of response (HBeAg loss with HBV DNA &lt;10,000 copies/mL) to PEG-IFN for HBeAg-positive CHB. Patients with detectable PC and/or BCP mutants have a lower probability of response and are less optimal candidates for PEG-IFN therapy. (HEPATOLOGY 2012;56:67–75)
Lamina-Associated Polypeptide 2α Loss Impairs Heart Function and Stress Response in Mice
Authors: Ivana Gotic, Michael Leschnik, Ursula Kolm, Mato Markovic, Bernhard J. Haubner, Katarzyna Biadasiewicz, Bernhard Metzler, Colin L. Stewart, Roland Foisner
Journal: Circulation Research (2009)

Lamina-associated polypeptide (LAP)2alpha is a mammalian chromatin-binding protein that interacts with a fraction of A-type lamins in the nuclear interior. Because mutations in lamins and LAP2alpha lead to cardiac disorders in humans, we hypothesized that these factors may play important roles in heart development and adult tissue homeostasis.We asked whether the presence of LAP2alpha was required for normal cardiac function.To study the molecular mechanisms of the disease, we analyzed heart structure and function in complete and conditional Lap2alpha(-/-) mice as well as Lap2alpha(-/-)/Mdx mutants. Unlike conditional deletion of LAP2alpha in late embryonic striated muscle, its complete knockout caused systolic dysfunction in young mice, accompanied by sporadic fibrosis in old animals, as well as deregulation of major cardiac transcription factors GATA4 and myocyte enhancer factor 2c. Activation of compensatory pathways, including downregulation of beta-adrenergic receptor signaling, resulted in reduced responsiveness of the myocardium to chronic beta-adrenergic stimulation and stalled the progression of LAP2alpha-deficient hearts from hypertrophy toward cardiac failure. Dystrophin deficiency in an Mdx background resulted in a transient rescue of the Lap2alpha(-/-) phenotype.Our data suggest a novel role of LAP2alpha in the maintenance of cardiac function under normal and stress conditions.
Office-Based Test Systems for HIV Antibody
Authors: George H. Gellert, Douglas F. Moore, Penny C. Weismuller, Rick Greenwood, Roberta M. Maxwell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

To the Editor: The Food and Drug Administration has approved two assays for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody for use by “properly trained personnel” in physicians' offices, clinics, emer...
The Morison Lectures ON EPILEPSY: Delivered before the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
Authors: W. A. Turner
Journal: BMJ (1910)

THE term "epilepsy" refers to a symptom; it is the clinical expression of a group of diseases which may be to a large extent differentiated from each other.They may be divided into four primary divisions:1.The organic epilepsies.2. The early epilepsies.3. The late epilepsies. 4. Idiopathic epilepsy.THE ORGANIC EPILEPSIES.Under this heading are included: (a) Those forms of epilepsy arising from traumatic lesions of the skull, brain, or membranes.(b) Those associated with or sequential to focal organic disease of the brain, such as tumour or thrombosis.
Selection and Expansion of CD8α/α1 T Cell Receptor α/β1 Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes in the Absence of Both Classical Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I and Nonclassical Cd1 Molecules
Authors: Se-Ho Park, Delphine Guy-Grand, François A. Lemonnier, Chyung-Ru Wang, Albert Bendelac, Bana Jabri
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in mice include two main subsets of TCR-α/β1 cells which differ functionally and ontogenically from each other. One expresses the CD8α/α homodimer, whereas the other expresses the CD8α/β heterodimer. Although the presence of all CD8+TCR-α/β1 IELs is dependent on β2-microglobulin molecules, the nature of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules recognized by the CD8α/α and the CD8α/β1 subsets has remained elusive. Using mutant mice lacking the expression of both H2-Kb and H2-Db, we show that the CD8α/β1TCR-α/β1 subset is dependent on K or D molecules, whereas the CD8α/α1TCR-α/β1 subset is independent of classical MHC class I molecules. Furthermore, the CD8α/α1 cells are conserved in mice lacking expression of CD1, a nonclassical MHC class I–like molecule previously proposed to be a potential ligand for IELs. Using transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP)-deficient mice, this cell population can be further separated into a TAP-dependent and a TAP-independent subset, suggesting either the recognition of two nonclassical MHC-like molecules, only one of which is TAP dependent, or the involvement of a single nonclassical MHC-like molecule that is only partially TAP dependent. These findings demonstrate that CD8α/β1TCR-α/β1 IELs are restricted by H-2K and H-2D molecules, whereas the unusual subset of CD8α/α1TCR-α/β1 resident IELs recognize nonclassical MHC class I–like molecules that are distinct from CD1.
Congestive heart failure induces endothelial cell apoptosis: protective role of carvedilol
Authors: Lothar Rössig, Judith Haendeler, Ziad Mallat, Benedicte Hugel, Jean-Marie Freyssinet, Alain Tedgui, Stefanie Dimmeler, Andreas M Zeiher
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
PATIENT KNOWLEDGE OF PHARMACOGENETIC INFORMATION IMPROVES ADHERENCE TO STATIN THERAPY: RESULTS OF THE ADDITIONAL KIF6 RISK OFFERS BETTER ADHERENCE TO STATINS (AKROBATS) TRIAL
Authors: Scott L. Charland, Barnabie C. Agatep, Robert S. Epstein, Felix W. Frueh, Vivian Herrera, James Devlin, H. Superko, Eric J. Stanek
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Below Thermoneutrality, Changes in Activity Do Not Drive Changes in Total Daily Energy Expenditure between Groups of Mice
Authors: Sam Virtue, Patrick Even, Antonio Vidal-Puig
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2012)

In this study we investigated the relationship between activity and energy expenditure (EE) in mice. By determining the relationship between activity and EE over a 24 hr period in an individual mouse, activity was calculated to account for 26.6% ± 1.1% of total EE at 30°C. However, when comparing across multiple mice, only 9.53% ± 1.1% of EE from activity appeared to be independent of other components involved in the thermogenic response, suggesting other metabolic processes may mask the contribution of activity to EE. In line with this concept, below thermoneutrality mice still expended a substantial amount of energy on activity; however, at 24°C, 20°C, or 5°C, no independent effect of EE from activity on total daily EE could be detected. Overall these results suggest that when studying mice at temperatures below thermoneutrality, activity is unlikely to explain differences in EE between groups of animals.
High throughput screening: a rapid way to recombinant allergens
Authors: Reto Crameri
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Complex allergenic sources such as moulds, foods and mites contain large panels of IgE‐binding molecules which need to be cloned, produced and characterized in order to mimic the entire allergenicity of whole extracts reconstituted by mixing single standardized recombinant allergens. Phage display of cDNA libraries allows selective enrichment of allergen‐expressing clones using IgE from allergic patients. For the characterization of all different clones present in enriched cDNA libraries in a fast and cost‐effective way, however, high‐throughput screening technology is required. We have used a high‐throughput, quantitative technology for fast identification of all different clones present in selectively enriched phage surface‐displayed cDNA libraries in order to characterize whole allergenic repertoires from complex allergenic sources. The strategy, based on a combination of phage display and high‐density arrays, allowed fast discovery of panels of related structures from different allergenic sources. They cover secreted, cytoplasmic and structural proteins with or without enzymatic activity and offer a rational explanation for the IgE‐mediated cross‐reactivity frequently encountered in clinical practice.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Mutant p53 Expand an Esophageal Cellular Subpopulation Capable of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition through ZEB Transcription Factors
Authors: Shinya Ohashi, Mitsuteru Natsuizaka, Gabrielle S. Wong, Carmen Z. Michaylira, Katharine D. Grugan, Douglas B. Stairs, Jiri Kalabis, Maria E. Vega, Ross A. Kalman, Momo Nakagawa, Andres J. Klein-Szanto, Meenhard Herlyn, J. Alan Diehl, Anil K. Rustgi, Hiroshi Nakagawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a potent inducer of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, it remains elusive about which molecular mechanisms determine the cellular capacity to undergo EMT in response to TGF-beta. We have found that both epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression and mutant p53 tumor suppressor genes contribute to the enrichment of an EMT-competent cellular subpopulation among telomerase-immortalized human esophageal epithelial cells during malignant transformation. EGFR overexpression triggers oncogene-induced senescence, accompanied by the induction of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p15(INK4B), p16(INK4A), and p21. Interestingly, a subpopulation of cells emerges by negating senescence without loss of EGFR overexpression. Such cell populations express increased levels of zinc finger E-box binding (ZEB) transcription factors ZEB1 and ZEB2, and undergo EMT on TGF-beta stimulation. Enrichment of EMT-competent cells was more evident in the presence of p53 mutation, which diminished EGFR-induced senescence. RNA interference directed against ZEB resulted in the induction of p15(INK4B) and p16(INK4A), reactivating the EGFR-dependent senescence program. Importantly, TGF-beta-mediated EMT did not take place when cellular senescence programs were activated by either ZEB knockdown or the activation of wild-type p53 function. Thus, senescence checkpoint functions activated by EGFR and p53 may be evaded through the induction of ZEB, thereby allowing the expansion of an EMT-competent unique cellular subpopulation, providing novel mechanistic insights into the role of ZEB in esophageal carcinogenesis.
Misdiagnosis of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma As Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Kevin Barley, Jonathan A. Harris, Catherine Diefenbach, Sundar Jagannath, Ajai Chari
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

Case ReportA 47-year-old man with a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, nephrolithiasis, and recently diagnosed diabetes mellitus with a 20-pound weight loss reported 2 months of progressive back pain radiating down his left leg with urinary hesitancy.A neurologist obtained magnetic resonance imaging of the spine that revealed an L4 compression fracture thought to be pathologic.He was admitted for further work-up.Initial labs revealed a WBC count of 15,900/L, elevated absolute neutrophil count of 13,600/L with band forms, hemoglobin 11.4g/ dL, platelet count of 434,000/L, creatinine 1.0 mg/dL, calcium 10.1 mg/dL, total protein 7.5 mg/dL, albumin 3.6 mg/dL, and beta-2microglobulin 2.48 mg/L.Chemistries, hepatic function tests, coagulation times and lactate dehydrogenase were normal.Glycosylated hemoglobin was 8.1%.Hepatitis B and C serologies and a syphilis test were negative.Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) and urine protein electrophoresis (UPEP) were normal.Computed tomography (CT) scans revealed lytic lesions in the right iliac wing, sacrum, and L4 vertebral body.Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine showed abnormal signal in L4 with compression fracture (Fig 1A, T2 sagittal), retropulsion of the bone into the epidural space, and abnormal signal in the sacrum and iliac bone (Fig 1B, T2 coronal) with enhancement of the paraspinous soft tissues and iliopsoas muscles.The bone marrow signal was normal in the remainder of the spine.Skeletal survey showed no additional lesions.CT-guided biopsy of the right iliac bone revealed CD138-positive and CD30-positive cells with a strong background of and felt to be consistent with multiple myeloma (MM).Repeat SPEP was normal, and UPEP was polyclonal.Immunoglobulin G (IgG) 1,879 mg/dL was
Mucosal Sugillations in the Colon in Secondary Amyloidosis
Authors: H. Schmidt, P. Frühmorgen, J.F. Riemann, V. Becker
Journal: Endoscopy (1981)

Amyloidosis of the gastrointestinal tract can mimic a variety of different conditions. The symptoms and findings depend upon the localization and extent of the amyloid deposits. This report concerns a 53-year-old female patient with secondary amyloidosis in the presence of a plasmocytoma, in whom, at endoscopy, petechial mucosal suggillation were observed in the distal colon. The cause of the mucosal petechiae were probably vascular changes induced by deposits of amyloid.
24 AUTOTAXIN IS A NOVEL DIAGNOSTIC MARKER FOR INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS OF PREGNANCY
Authors: A.E. Kremer, P.H. Dixon, C. Ris-Stalpers, V. Geenes, J. Chambers, J.A. van der Post, C. Williamson, U. Beuers, R.P. Oude Elferink
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)