tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inhalable self-assembled albumin nanoparticles for treating drug-resistant lung cancer
Authors: Seong Ho Choi, Hyeong Jun Byeon, Ji Su Choi, Lequang Thao, Insoo Kim, Eun Seong Lee, Beom Soo Shin, Kang Choon Lee, Yu Seok Youn
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Percutaneous drainage in the treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae lung abscess.
Authors: E W Cameron, I D Whitton
Journal: Thorax (1977)

Seven cases of lung abscess involving Klebsiella pneumoniae with or without other pathogens presented with gross expansion of the involved lobes or segments and severe clinical illness despite medical treatment. Operative management by rib resection and tube drainage was successful in each case, one of which was found to be an infected cryptococcoma. Postoperative bronchograms were made in six cases.
Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia in NIDDM With Policosanol
Authors: Omayda Torres, A J Agramonte, Jose Illnait, Rosa Más Ferreiro, Lilia Fernández, Julio C Fernández
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To determine whether elevated levels of cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients could be decreased by policosanol, a new cholesterol-lowering drug. NIDDM predisposes patients to coronary artery disease (CAD) through the direct action of hyperglycemia on the arteries as well as the dyslipidemia induced by NIDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This double-blind placebo-controlled trial was performed in 29 patients with NIDDM and hypercholesterolemia. After stable glycemie control was achieved by diet and/or oral Hypoglycemic drugs, patients were instructed to follow a cholesterol-lowering diet for 6 weeks. Patients who met entry criteria received, under double-blind conditions, policosanol (5 mg) or placebo tablets twice a day for 12 weeks. RESULTS Policosanol (10 mg/day) significantly reduced total cholesterol by 17.5% and LDL cholesterol by 21.8% compared with baseline and placebo. Furthermore, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was raised by 11.3% (not significant), and triglycerides showed a statistically nonsignificant decrease of 6.6%. These changes in lipid profile were similar to those induced by policosanol in nondiabetic patients with type II hyperlipoproteinemia. CONCLUSIONS Glycemie control was unaffected by treatment. No clinically or biochemically adverse effects attributable to treatment were observed. Only one patient (placebo) withdrew from the trial because of an adverse experience (erythema). We concluded that policosanol is effective and safe in patients with NIDDM and hypercholesterolemia.
The US Health Disadvantage Relative to Other High-Income Countries
Authors: Steven H. Woolf, Laudan Y. Aron
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The power suction maneuver in single-balloon enteroscopy
Authors: T. Kav, Y. Balaban, Y. Bayraktar
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Up until the past 10 years, the diagnostic work-up for small-bowel diseases, employing modalities such as contrast studies and computed tomography, was poor and mostly unyielding. Push enteroscopy and intraoperative enteroscopy were performed in a few experienced institutions. However, it is not possible to reach all portions of the jejunum and the ileum by the push enteroscope, while intraoperative enteroscopy demands a surgical route. The introduction of capsule endoscopy has been a long-awaited advance in the diagnosis of small-bowel lesions. Wireless capsule endoscopy has overcome obstacles, but still has some weaknesses, such as the inability to biopsy and treat the detected lesions. Capsule endoscopy also has some limitations in patients with surgical strictures and in those with altered gastrointestinal anatomy, including Roux-en-Y reconstruction [1] [2] [3].
Underascertainment of Child Abuse Mortality in the United States
Authors: Marcia E. Herman-Giddens
Journal: JAMA (1999)

ContextMortality figures in the United States are believed to underestimate the incidence of fatal child abuse.ObjectivesTo describe the true incidence of fatal child abuse, determine the proportion of child abuse deaths missed by the vital records system, and provide estimates of the extent of abuse homicides in young children.Design and SettingRetrospective descriptive study of child abuse homicides that occurred over a 10-year period in North Carolina from 1985-1994.CasesThe Medical Examiner Information System was searched for all cases of children younger than 11 years classified with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes E960 to E969 as the underlying cause of death and homicide as the manner of death. A total of 273 cases were identified in the search and 259 cases were reviewed after exclusion of fetal deaths and deaths of children who were not residents of North Carolina.Main Outcome MeasureChild abuse homicide.ResultsOf the 259 homicides, 220 (84.9%) were due to child abuse, 22 (8.5%) were not related to abuse, and the status of 17 (6.6%) could not be determined. The rate of child abuse homicide increased from 1.5 per 100,000 person-years in 1985 to 2.8 in 1994. Of all 259 child homicides, the state vital records system underrecorded the coding of those due to battering or abuse by 58.7%. Black children were killed at 3 times the rate of white children (4.3 per 100,000 vs 1.3 per 100,000). Males made up 65.5% (133/203) of the known probable assailants. Biological parents accounted for 63% of the perpetrators of fatal child abuse. From 1985 through 1996, 9467 homicides among US children younger than 11 years were estimated to be due to abuse rather than the 2973 reported. The ICD-9 cause of death coding underascertained abuse homicides by an estimated 61.6%.ConclusionsUsing medical examiner data, we found that significant underascertainment of child abuse homicides in vital records systems persists despite greater societal attention to abuse fatalities. Improved recording of such incidences should be a priority so that prevention strategies can be appropriately targeted and outcomes monitored, especially in light of the increasing rates.
Glycemic Control in a Sample of Black and White Clinic Patients with NIDDM
Authors: Lorraine J Weatherspoon, Shiriki K Kumanyika, Robert Ludlow, Desmond Schatz
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To compare glycemic control of black and white patients under treatment for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Medical records of patients with NIDDM were reviewed at 19 of 24 clinics or health centers in a specified area of north central Florida. Data were abstracted from the charts of all non-Hispanic black (n = 248) or white (n = 280) patients who met preset eligibility criteria. RESULTS The mean ± SD age was 58 ± 14 years; the mean ± SD duration of diabetes was 9 ± 7.5 years. Of 528 patients, 220 were treated with oral hypoglycemic agents, 269 were treated with insulin, 28 were treated with diet alone, and 11 were treated with a combination of oral agents, diet, and insulin. Glycosylated hemoglobin was ≥8% for 47% of black women, 41% of black men, 38% of white men, and 29% of white women. The less favorable control status of the black women persisted within categories of age (40–59 years or ≥60 years), treatment (insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents), time since diagnosis (less than versus greater than or equal to the median of 7 years), and obesity (noted versus not noted in chart). In multiple logistic regression analyses controlling simultaneously for these variables, the odds (95% confidence interval [CI]), compared with white women, of having glycosylated hemoglobin ≥8% were 2.2 (1.4, 3.4) for black women and 1.5 (0.8, 2.9) and 1.4 (0.8, 2.5) for black and white men, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Black women were more likely than white women or men to have glycosylated hemoglobin ≥8%. This difference was not readily explained by age, type of treatment, time since diagnosis, or a notation of obesity in the medical record, although an effect of obesity cannot be excluded on this basis.
Correction: Hepatitis Nomenclature
Authors: David K. H. Wong
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Corrections1 November 1993Correction: Hepatitis NomenclatureFREEDavid K. H. Wong, MD, Angela M. Cheung, MD, Keith O'Rourke, MD, C. David Naylor, MD, Allan S. Detsky, MD, and Jenny Heathcote, MDDavid K. H. Wong, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Angela M. Cheung, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Keith O'Rourke, MDSearch for more papers by this author, C. David Naylor, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Allan S. Detsky, MDSearch for more papers by this author, and Jenny Heathcote, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-9-199311010-00033 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Hyphenation may have caused some ambiguity in the recent article by Wong and colleagues [1]. The sentence In summary, we have shown that -interferon is effective for the treatment of patients with chronic HBV infection and compensated liver disease who are HBsAg-, HBeAg-, and HBV DNA-positive and HIV-negative in the setting of clinical trials. should have read as follows: In summary, we have shown that -interferon is effective for the treatment of patients with chronic HBV infection and compensated liver disease who are positive for HBsAg, HBeAg, and HBV DNA and negative for antibody to HIV in the setting of clinical trials.References1. Wong DK, Cheung AM, O'Rourke K, Naylor CD, Detsky AS, Heathcote J. Effect of -interferon treatment in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B: a meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:312-23. Google Scholar Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: David K. H. Wong, MD; Angela M. Cheung, MD; Keith O'Rourke, MD; C. David Naylor, MD; Allan S. Detsky, MD; Jenny Heathcote, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1993Volume 119, Issue 9Page: 957KeywordsClinical trialsDNAHepatitisInfectious diseasesLiver diseasesPatients ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 November 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The BCL6 transcriptional program features repression of multiple oncogenes in primary B cells and is deregulated in DLBCL
Authors: Weimin Ci, Jose M. Polo, Leandro Cerchietti, Rita Shaknovich, Ling Wang, Shao Ning Yang, Kenny Ye, Pedro Farinha, Douglas E. Horsman, Randy D. Gascoyne, Olivier Elemento, Ari Melnick
Journal: Blood (2009)
Abstract 3761: Efficacy of the ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitor AZD8055 in PTEN-wild type cancer cells
Authors: Yao Dai, Dietmar W. Siemann
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Although the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is frequently hyperactivated in human cancers due to the loss of function of the PTEN tumor suppressor, a proportion of cancer cells still carries wild type PTEN and thus the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in these cells may remain unaltered. While it has been widely accepted that these cancer cells are less susceptible to the allosteric mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, it is unclear whether this is also the case for an ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitor. To address this question we evaluated the effects of the mTOR kinase inhibitor AZD8055 in a panel of wild type PTEN expressing cancer cells (6 cell lines of 4 tumor types). The phosphorylated Akt (S473) level was undetectable in most of these cells, suggesting the regular mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway and low mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) activity. Cell proliferation was determined by WST-1 (MTT) assay and clonogenic survival was tested by colony formation assay. AZD8055 suppressed cell proliferation at the nanomolar level in a dose dependent manner, with IC50 values in a range of 6∼35 nM for different cell types. In contrast, rapamycin exhibited limited anti-proliferative effect, with less than 50% of inhibition observed even with higher doses in most cell lines. Similarly, clonogenic capacity was impaired by AZD8055 to a greater extent than was the case for rapamycin. To detect the mTOR pathway alterations by drug treatment, two cell lines with different expression levels of mTORC1 downstream pathways were selected: murine mammary tumor 4T1 cells (low phosphorylated S6 and high phosphorylated 4E-BP1) and human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells (normal phosphorylated S6 and moderate phosphorylated 4E-BP1). While the phospho-S6K (T389) and phospho-S6 (S235/236) pathway was potently inhibited by both agents, AZD8055 displayed more striking inhibition of the hierarchical 4E-BP1 phosphorylation (T37/46, T70 and S65) than rapamycin in both cells. In addition, both rapamycin and AZD8055 slightly increased Akt phosphorylation (T308 or S473), suggesting that the activation of the feedback loop controlled by S6K was functional. However, the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin did not sensitize cells to either agent, implying such feedback-dependent activation is dispensable for attenuating the drug response. Taken together, these findings indicate that AZD8055 significantly inhibits growth and survival of cancer cells that have wild type PTEN and normal PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, an observation mainly associated with the comprehensive activation of 4E-BP1. These data provide in vitro evidence in support of broadening the application of ATP-competitive mTOR inhibitors in cancer treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3761. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3761
P604Cardiac effects of exhaustive exercise induced oxidative stress in a rat model
Authors: A Olah, BT Nemeth, C Matyas, L Hidi, E Birtalan, D Kellermayer, M Ruppert, M Torok, B Merkely, T Radovits
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: The role of physical exercise in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases has been well-described, even though elevations in cardionecrotic biomarkers after prolonged exercise (i.e. ultramarathon running) were observed. We aimed to establish and validate a rat model of acute exhaustive exercise and determine the biochemical, molecular biological, structural and functional alterations in the heart.
TOPICAL CHLORAMPHENICOL (CHLOROMYCETIN®) THERAPY OF PYOGENIC DERMATOSES
Authors: E. Randolph Trice
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The continuing search for more effective agents for the treatment of pyogenic infections of the skin has led to the development of many improved preparations over the past few years.<sup>1</sup>In the evaluation of a new agent, two basic factors must be observed. The agent must possess an active bacteriostatic effect, preferably in low concentrations, against a wide spectrum of microorganisms that commonly affect the skin. It must also show a low index of cutaneous sensitivity. Some of the newer antibiotic ointments appear to meet both of these criteria.<sup>1</sup>Another factor worthy of consideration is the stability of the preparation in various vehicles. This report evaluates topical chloramphenicol with reference to effectiveness in the treatment of pyodermas, to cutaneous allergenicity, and to applicability in a greaseless base. <h3>HISTORICAL DATA</h3> In 1947, Ehrlich and co-workers<sup>2</sup>announced the recovery of a new antibiotic, chloramphenicol (chloromycetin<sup>®</sup>), from Streptomyces venezuelae
Umbelliferognosy: JAMA Doesn't Know Its Daucus From Its Angelica-Reply
Authors: Richard P. Wunderlin
Journal: JAMA (1988)

In Reply.  —Dr Pease is correct in stating that the umbellifer on the cover of the Nov 27 issue ofJAMAis notD carota(Queen Anne's lace). It is difficult to determine precisely the species illustrated without seeing a specimen or knowing where the photograph was taken, but it appears to be a species ofAngelica, perhapsA venenosaof the eastern United States or a related species.
Paternal age and schizophrenia: Authors' reply
Authors: Attila Sipos, Glynn Harrison, Finn Rasmussen
Journal: BMJ (2005)

EDITOR-Procopio highlights the fact that our study included only subjects with a younger age of onset ranging from 16 to 28 and suggests that our finding of an association between paternal age and schizophrenia therefore needs to be interpreted cautiously.This association has already been replicated in a number of studies covering much wider ranges of age of onset: the Jerusalem cohort covered ages of onset until 33,1 the case control study using the Stockholm inpatient register had ages of onset until 34,2 and Zammit et al showed such an association in their cohort with ages of onset up to 45.3 A large Danish casecontrol study of 7704 patients found no evidence for any interaction with age of onset.4We also investigated possible age of onset effects by dividing our cohort according to the length of the follow up period for each individual and found no marked difference in the hazard ratios per 10 year increase in paternal age for those with less than nine years of follow up (hazard ratio 1.51, 95% confidence interval 1.25 to 1.82) and those with more than nine years of follow up (hazard ratio 1.77, 1.10 to 2.86).One swallow doesn't make a summer, but this association has now been reported in several studies, in different settings, and over a wide range of ages.It seems to be a robust finding that may shed some light on the aetiology of schizophrenia.
Hepatitis B Vaccination in Diabetic Patients: Randomized trial comparing recombinant vaccines containing and not containing pre-S2 antigen
Authors: Catherine Douvin, Dominique Simon, Marie Aline Charles, Lionel Deforges, Philippe Bierling, Valérie Lehner, Agata Budkowska, Daniel Dhumeaux
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the immunogenicity of two recombinant hepatitis B vaccines containing S antigen alone (Engerix B) or both S and pre-S2 antigens (GenHevac B) in diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Of the adult diabetic patients, 71 (26 IDDM, 45 NIDDM) were randomized to receive Engerix B or GenHevac B at 0, 1, 2, and 12 months in a single-blind clinical trial; if the antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) titers were &amp;lt; 10 &amp;lt;10 IU/1 at month 4, a fourth injection of vaccine was given. A positive response was defined by anti-HBs titer ≥ 10 IU/l at month 13. RESULTS The anti-HBs response rate and the titers of anti-HBs did not differ significantly between the two types of vaccine. Overall, &amp;gt; 90% of the patients responded at month 13. In patients vaccinated with GenHevac B, anti-pre-S2 antibodies appeared earlier than anti-HBs. The anti-HBs response tended to decrease with age (P = 0.07) and tended to be higher in IDDM patients than in NIDDM patients (P = 0.06). Metabolic control, as assessed by HbA1c level, did not influence the response rate. The presence of the HLA DQ2 allele was associated with a low response. CONCLUSIONS A large majority of diabetic patients can be efficiently vaccinated against the hepatitis B virus using a booster dose at month 4. The choice of the vaccine (with or without pre-S2 antigen) appears to have little influence, if any, on the response rate.
PBTK Modeling Demonstrates Contribution of Dermal and Inhalation Exposure Components to End-Exhaled Breath Concentrations of Naphthalene
Authors: David Kim, Melvin E. Andersen, Yi-Chun E. Chao, Peter P. Egeghy, Stephen M. Rappaport, Leena A. Nylander-French
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

BackgroundDermal and inhalation exposure to jet propulsion fuel 8 (JP-8) have been measured in a few occupational exposure studies. However, a quantitative understanding of the relationship between external exposures and end-exhaled air concentrations has not been described for occupational and environmental exposure scenarios.ObjectiveOur goal was to construct a physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model that quantitatively describes the relative contribution of dermal and inhalation exposures to the end-exhaled air concentrations of naphthalene among U.S. Air Force personnel.MethodsThe PBTK model comprised five compartments representing the stratum corneum, viable epidermis, blood, fat, and other tissues. The parameters were optimized using exclusively human exposure and biological monitoring data.ResultsThe optimized values of parameters for naphthalene were a) permeability coefficient for the stratum corneum 6.8 × 10−5 cm/hr, b) permeability coefficient for the viable epidermis 3.0 × 10−3 cm/hr, c) fat:blood partition coefficient 25.6, and d) other tissue:blood partition coefficient 5.2. The skin permeability coefficient was comparable to the values estimated from in vitro studies. Based on simulations of workers' exposures to JP-8 during aircraft fuel-cell maintenance operations, the median relative contribution of dermal exposure to the end-exhaled breath concentration of naphthalene was 4% (10th percentile 1% and 90th percentile 11%).ConclusionsPBTK modeling allowed contributions of the end-exhaled air concentration of naphthalene to be partitioned between dermal and inhalation routes of exposure. Further study of inter- and intraindividual variations in exposure assessment is required to better characterize the toxicokinetic behavior of JP-8 components after occupational and/or environmental exposures.
Hyperglycemic kidney damage in an animal model of prolonged critical illness
Authors: Ilse Vanhorebeek, Jan Gunst, Björn Ellger, Magaly Boussemaere, Evelyne Lerut, Yves Debaveye, Naila Rabbani, Paul J. Thornalley, Miet Schetz, Greet Van den Berghe
Journal: Kidney International (2009)
Galactorrhoea may be associated with methadone use
Authors: Jennifer Bennett, Richard Whale
Journal: BMJ (2006)

We report persistent galactorrhoea and raised prolactin in a woman taking methadone, which is commonly prescribed for the treatment of opiate dependence. A heroin smoking 28 year old mother of two (younger child aged 4), with hepatitis C (of nine years' duration), weighing 50 kg, was first prescribed 30 mg methadone a day for opiate dependence. She reported newly emergent galactorrhoea after four months of taking …