tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lack of interaction between hepatitis C virus and alcohol in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis. A statistical study
Authors: Muriel Alemy-Carreau, Jean-Pierre Durbec, Jacques Giordanella, Simone Rousseau, Georges Blanc, Denis Monges, Marc Perreard, Jean Robert Harle, Pierre Jean Weiller, Andre Gerolami
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1996)
Toward less misleading comparisons of uncertain risks: the example of aflatoxin and alar.
Authors: A M Finkel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Critics of comparative risk assessment (CRA), the increasingly common practice of juxtaposing disparate risks for the purpose of declaring which one is the "larger" or the "more important," have long focused their concern on the difficulties in accommodating the qualitative differences among risks. To be sure, people may disagree vehemently about whether "larger" necessarily implies "more serious," but the attention to this aspect of CRA presupposes that science can in fact discern which of two risks has the larger statistical magnitude. This assumption, encouraged by the indiscriminate calculation of risk ratios using arbitrary point estimates, is often incorrect: the fact that environmental and health risks differ in unknown quantitative respects is at least as important a caution to CRA as the fact that risks differ in known qualitative ways. To show how misleading CRA can be when uncertainty is ignored, this article revisits the claim that aflatoxin contamination of peanut butter was "18 times worse" than Alar contamination of apple juice. Using Monte Carlo simulation, the number 18 is shown to lie within a distribution of plausible risk ratios that ranges from nearly 400:1 in favor of aflatoxin to nearly 40:1 in the opposite direction. The analysis also shows that the "best estimates" of the relative risk of aflatoxin to Alar are much closer to 1:1 than to 18:1. The implications of these findings for risk communication and individual and societal decision-making are discussed, with an eye toward improving the general practice of CRA while acknowledging that its outputs are uncertain, rather than abandoning it for the wrong reasons.
THE ORIGIN OF THE VESICULAR RESPIRATORY SOUND.
Authors: C. F. HOOVER
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The origin of vesicular breathing was attributed by Laennec to friction of the inspired air in the bronchioles and its entrance to the infundibula from the bronchioles. This inflammation was sanctioned by such masters as Skoda and Wintuch and remained unquestioned, so far as I am able to learn, until Baas attempted to explain on purely acoustic grounds the improbability of any audible sound originating in tubes the size of the bronchioles from the passage of a current of air with the slow velocity which must attend the entrance of inspired air in the vesicles of the lung. Baas' article published in the Deutsche Arch. für Klin. Medicin, vol. xix, 1876, is a profoundly thoughtful and logical discussion of the subject which was well calculated to carry conviction to the mind of the reader. I was greatly impressed with the acute reasoning of the author the first time I read
Functional Properties of the Atrioventricular Conduction System
Authors: BRIAN F. HOFFMAN, E. NEIL MOORE, JACKSON H. STUCKEY, PAUL F. CRANEFIELD
Journal: Circulation Research (1963)

Experiments were designed to study A-V transmission of premature atrial responses by recording electrical activity directly from selected parts of the conducting system. This experimental design permits a more exact interpretation of results than is the case when records are obtained only from the atria and ventricles. Two types of experiments have been conducted in studies of the response of the specialized conducting system of the mammalian heart to premature activation. Records of transmembrane potentials from single fibers of the A-V node and Purkinje system show that premature responses may show a reduced rate of rise and amplitude and thus may be conducted slowly or may decrement completely. Under other conditions, premature responses may show local delay or block because they arise from a local response of considerable duration. Records obtained directly from different parts of the in situ specialized conducting system show that the same phenomena probably occur in the intact, normal heart. These properties of the various fibers of the conducting system, in conjunction with the normal local differences in action potential duration, conduction velocity, and excitability, seem to account quite adequately for the variations which have been noted during A-V propagation of premature responses. On the basis of these results, it seems unnecessary to postulate a dual A-V conducting system in the mammalian heart.
Infant mortality in Switzerland.
Authors: C E Minder, F Gurtner
Journal: BMJ (1993)

to pay a lot of money for screening for prostatic cancer even though this results in overtreatment and evidence about a possible reduction in the mortality from prostatic cancer is lacking.Therefore the initiation of new studies and extension of current studies must be stopped.A paradoxical situation exists in Belgium.Despite the European guidelines on screening for breast cancer2 the initiation of a national screening programme for breast cancer is discouraged because of insufficient support by the national and regional health authorities.On the other hand, a lot of money is spent on so called pilot projects on screening for prostatic cancer.
Repair of Severed Brachial Plexus-Reply
Authors: Abdul R. C. Amine
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The article did not contain do's and don't's; however, the failure of peripheral nerve surgery is due to numerous factors, one of which is the inability to find the ends of the nerves; another is the severe necrosis and ischemia after extensive mobilization of the nerve ends, and, at least until very recently, the failure of nerve grafts. The statement that actual nerve length is not lost is unsupported. Kline<sup>1</sup>claims that even in primary repair attempts, he finds immediate retraction of both proximal and distal stumps and suggests that the longstanding separation of stumps would appear to make repair even more difficult. Campbell, from his experience in World War II, even favored anchorage in preference to temporary suture, asserting that the latter aggravated fibrosis and resulted in gaps at the second operation that were greater than those requiring closure after anchorage. It is advantageous to allow
A double-blind, single-dose, crossover comparison of cetirizine, terfenadine, loratadine, astemizole, and chlorpheniramine versus placebo: Suppressive effects on histamine-induced wheals and flares during 24 hours in normal subjects
Authors: F ESTELLE, R SIMONS, J MCMILLAN, K SIMONS
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1990)
Abstract 256: Elucidating the role of ARID3B in ovarian cancer stem cells.
Authors: Victoria E. Deneke, Lynn Roy, Richard Dahl, Karen D. Cowden Dahl
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death among US women and accounts for more deaths than any other cancer of gynecological origin. In light of the lethality, it is critical to discover and understand the common molecular characteristics in ovarian cancer. Our lab demonstrated that ARID3B, a member of the AT-rich interactive domain family of proteins, is overexpressed in ovarian cancer. Furthermore, ARID3B is essential for embryonic development and is present in embryonic stem cells. Overexpression of ARID3B in ovarian cancer cells leads to increased tumor growth and decreased survival in xenograft studies. Therefore, we hypothesize that ARID3B regulates cancer stem cell production, which enhances tumorigenesis. We have found that stem-cell marker CD133 is upregulated in ovarian cancer human cell line SKOV3IP overexpressing ARID3B. We are currently assessing the mechanism for ARID3B regulation of ovarian cancer stem cells using in vitro models. Determining the role of ARID3B in cancer stem cells may help us better understand the molecular mechanisms that regulate tumor initiation, chemoresistance, and ovarian cancer progression. Citation Format: Victoria E. Deneke, Lynn Roy, Richard Dahl, Karen D. Cowden Dahl. Elucidating the role of ARID3B in ovarian cancer stem cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 256. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-256
Atlas of Applied Vascular Surgery
Authors: Geza de Takats
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Since 1956, the senior author has been engaged in the development and clinical application of a vascular stapler. In this profusely illustrated atlas, the authors give a detailed account of results obtained in more than 1,000 cases. The facility with which they were able to anastomose vessels down to 1.5 mm has obviously stimulated them to apply this instrument not only in the treatment of obliterative vascular disease but for reimplantation of limbs, for reconstruction of the esophagus with jejunal implant, various types of splenorenal shunt and in renal transplantation. The stapler, like a magic wand, led them to use it in glycogen storage disease—to divert adrenovenous blood into the liver so as to detoxify estrogen in carcinoma of the breast—and to anastomose the thoracic duct to the jugular vein for intractable hepatic ascites. For an inquisitive vascular surgeon or physiologist, these are intriguing projects yet to be explored. Detailed
Gastric actinomycosis: an rare endoscopic diagnosis
Authors: N. Patel, H. Woodcock, K. Patel, B. Amo-Takyi, A. Wotherspoon, J. Thompson, P. Prasad
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

A 67-year-old man presented to the emergency department with haematemesis. He had no past medical history and no history of anticoagulant, excess alcohol, steroid, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication use. He was haemodynamically stable, and on examination there were no stigmata of chronic liver disease but there was mild epigastric tenderness. Laboratory tests were normal except for a hemoglobin (Hb) of 9.3 g/dL.
Margaret McCartney: Rigging the NHS for votes
Authors: M. McCartney
Journal: BMJ (2015)

With just days to go the NHS may be vital to the election, but the politicians’ promises, if only they are elected, are astonishing—in their naivety and their lack of an evidence base.

Labour is pledging a “world class” health system, with a “guarantee” of “a GP appointment within 48 hours, and on the same day to those who need it.” It will offer training for GPs “in spotting early signs” of cancer and says that, by 2020, “patients will wait no longer than one week for vital cancer tests.”1

The Liberal …
Postmarket Studies Lag
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pancreaticobiliary ductal union.
Authors: S P Misra, M Dwivedi
Journal: Gut (1990)

The main pancreatic duct and the common bile duct open into the second part of the duodenum alone or after joining as a common channel. A common channel of greater than 15 mm (an anomalous pancreaticobiliary duct) is associated with congenital cystic dilatation of the common bile duct and carcinoma of the gall bladder. Even a long common channel (greater than or equal to 8 mm) is associated with a higher frequency of carcinoma of the gall bladder. Gall stones smaller than the common channel and a long common channel predispose to gall stone induced acute pancreatitis. Separate openings for the two ductal systems predisposes to development of gall stones and alcohol induced chronic pancreatitis. The role of ductal union has also been investigated in primary sclerosing cholangitis and biliary atresia.
Somatostatin for prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis: a randomized, double-blind trial
Authors: Mar Concepción-Martín, Cristina Gómez-Oliva, Ana Juanes, Xavier Díez, Daniel Prieto-Alhambra, Xavier Torras, Sergio Sainz, Cándido Villanueva, Antoni Farre, Carlos Guarner-Argente, Carlos Guarner
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

<b>Background and study aims: </b>Meta-analyses suggest that an intravenous bolus or a high dose continuous infusion of somatostatin reduces the incidence of acute pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Clinical guidelines, however, do not recommend this prophylaxis. The aim of this randomized, double-blind clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of somatostatin on the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis. <b>Patients and methods: </b>Patients undergoing ERCP at a single center were randomized to either intravenous bolus of somatostatin followed by a short (4-hour) continuous infusion, or to a similar placebo regimen. The primary outcome was post-ERCP pancreatitis, defined as abdominal pain with an amylase level at least three times higher than the upper limit of normality 24 hours after the ERCP and requiring admission for at least 2 days. <b>Results: </b>A total of 510 patients were enrolled (255 patients per group) and all completed follow-up. The main indications for ERCP were choledocholithiasis (62 %), and biliary malignant stricture (31 %). Post-ERCP pancreatitis occurred in 19 patients (7.5 %) in the somatostatin group and 17 patients (6.7 %) in the placebo group (relative risk [RR] 1.12, 95 % confidence interval [95 %CI] 0.59 – 2.1; <i>P</i> = 0.73). The number of cases of moderate or severe acute pancreatitis was similar in the somatostatin (2.4 %) and the placebo (3.5 %) groups (RR 0.67, 95 %CI 0.24 – 1.85, <i>P</i> = 0.43). No side effects were observed related to the use of somatostatin. <b>Conclusions: </b>Administration of an intravenous bolus of somatostatin followed by a short continuous infusion does not reduce the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis. Clinical Trials.gov number: NCT01060826.
Erythropoietic Protoporphyria; a Chemical, Biochemical, and Genetic Study of Six Cases in Four Unrelated Families.
Authors: George D. Ludwig
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966Erythropoietic Protoporphyria; a Chemical, Biochemical, and Genetic Study of Six Cases in Four Unrelated Families.George D. Ludwig, M.D., F.A.C.P., Louis B. Chaykin, M.D., Harold Lishner, M.D.George D. Ludwig, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Louis B. Chaykin, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Harold Lishner, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1170_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptErythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP), first described in 1961 (Magnus and associates, Lancet 2: 448), is characterized by photocutaneous lesions, increased protoporphyrin in erythrocytes, plasma, and feces, with normal urinary porphyrin excretion. Only 33 authenticated cases have been described (Peterka and colleagues, JAMA 193: 1036, 1965); transmission by Mendelian dominant inheritance has been suggested (Haeger-Aronson, B., Amer. J. Med. 35: 450, 1963).In this report, six patients with the disease, from four unrelated families, are described. Photocutaneous lesions consisted of prickling, burning, itching, and erythema, followed in some instances by edema, vesicles, eczema, or ecchymoses. Greatly elevated erythrocyte, plasma, and fecal protoporphyrin,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1170-1171KeywordsBlood plasmaEczemaEdemaErythemaExcretionLesionsMolecular biologyPorphyrinsPruritusVesicles Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Treatment of Power Failure by Means of Mechanical Assistance
Authors: HARRY S. SOROFF, WILLAIM C. BIRTWELL, FABIO GIRON, ULISES RUIZ, A. NISHIMURA, MOSHE MANY, M. EL-ZAWAHRY, RALPH A. DETERLING
Journal: Circulation (1969)

It appears that shunt types of assist have a place at the present time in the management of patients with cardiogenic shock secondary to a correctable cardiac lesion. A shunt assist helps to maintain an adequate perfusion pressure during the period immediately preceding or subsequent to cardiac surgery. Venoarterial bypass with an oxygenator seems to offer promise for temporary correction of rightheart failure. It does not alter the basic pathology, and most patients have succumbed to their original disease following this type of cardiac assist, except where the lesion was surgically correctable. Left atrial-to-femoral artery bypass is indicated for decompression of the left atrium and augmentation of the arterial perfusion pressure and flow.
The influence of genetic factors on the osteoinductive potential of calcium phosphate ceramics in mice
Authors: Ana M.C. Barradas, Huipin Yuan, Johan van der Stok, Bach Le Quang, Hugo Fernandes, Anindita Chaterjea, Marieke C.H. Hogenes, Kathy Shultz, Leah Rae Donahue, Clemens van Blitterswijk, Jan de Boer
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Prevalence of atopy, eosinophilia, and IgE elevation in IgG4-related disease
Authors: E. Della Torre, H. Mattoo, V. S. Mahajan, M. Carruthers, S. Pillai, J. H. Stone
Journal: Allergy (2013)

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a fibroinflammatory disorder that can affect virtually every organ system. T-helper type 2 responses have been presumed to be pathogenic in this disease, and a high proportion of patients with IgG4-RD are reported to have longstanding allergies, peripheral blood eosinophilia, and serum IgE elevation. It has therefore been proposed that allergic mechanisms drive IgG4-RD. However, no epidemiological assessment of atopy, peripheral blood eosinophilia, and serum IgE concentrations has ever been undertaken in patients with IgG4-RD. In this study, we evaluated these parameters in a large cohort of patients with IgG4-RD in whom a wide range of organs were affected by disease. Our results demonstrate that the majority of patients with IgG4-RD are nonatopic. Nevertheless, a subset of nonatopic subjects exhibit peripheral blood eosinophilia and elevated IgE, suggesting that processes inherent to IgG4-RD itself rather than atopy per se contribute to the eosinophilia and IgE elevation observed in the absence of atopy.
Warren's physical correlate theory: Correlation does not imply causation
Authors: Donald D. Dorfman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1981)

Warren's major contention is that judgments of subjective magnitude are not possible, and therefore subjects base such judgments upon physical correlates of the dimension in question. It would appear that Warren's theory will almost surely fail as a comprehensive model, even though it does provide a heuristic account of judgments of loudness and brightness. In order for the theory to succeed, Warren must specify a physical correlate for judgments of every subjective attribute that has yielded orderly data with Stevens's scaling procedures.
Treatment of War Wounds
Authors: B. B. Bhatia
Journal: BMJ (1939)

The relation between influenza and cancer has been found lately not to be confined to the clinical group already mentioned, in which recurrences (or a primary) followed a few weeks after influenzal attacks, but my analysis of the dates of recurrences in any given year has shown that a great proportion of these have run concurrently with, or a few weeks after, the influenzal " periods," as detailed in the paper on influenzal periodicity.'This is a very interesting and un- expected finding, suggesting that the relation between the influenzal and the neoplastic viruses may be quite a close one.It suggests that efficient prophylactic measures for cancer, as for influenza, may be not long delayed.-Iam, etc.,
Active Immunotherapy Combined With Blockade of a Coinhibitory Pathway Achieves Regression of Large Tumor Masses in Cancer-prone Mice
Authors: Marcio O Lasaro, Marina Sazanovich, Wynetta Giles-Davis, Paulus Mrass, Ralph M Bunte, Duane A Sewell, S Farzana Hussain, Yang-Xin Fu, Wolfgang Weninger, Yvonne Paterson, Hildegund CJ Ertl
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Vaccines that aim to expand tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells have yielded disappointing results in cancer patients although they showed efficacy in transplantable tumor mouse models. Using a system that more faithfully mimics a progressing cancer and its immunoinhibitory microenvironment, we here show that in transgenic mice, which gradually develop adenocarcinomas due to expression of HPV-16 E7 within their thyroid, a highly immunogenic vaccine expressing E7 only induces low E7-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses, which fail to affect the size of the tumors. In contrast, the same type of vaccine expressing E7 fused to herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 glycoprotein D (gD), an antagonist of the coinhibitory B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA)/CD160-herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) pathways, stimulates potent E7-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses, which can be augmented by repeated vaccination, resulting in initial regression of even large tumor masses in all mice with sustained regression in more than half of them. These results indicate that active immunization concomitantly with blockade of the immunoinhibitory HVEM-BTLA/CD160 pathways through HSV-1 gD may result in sustained tumor regression.