tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cryodestruction of Haemorrhoids
Authors: K. L. Williams, I. U. Haq, B. Elem
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Thirty-seven cases of second and third degree haemorrhoids have been treated by cryosurgery. Although the number of cases treated is small and the follow-up is short, we are greatly encouraged by the early excellent results. It is a simple and effective procedure with minimal complications, and it is especially recommended for those patients who are medically unfit for general anaesthesia. The rapidity of this procedure combined with the painless operative and postoperative course enables the patient to leave hospital the next day. More cases with long-term follow-up are needed before adequate evaluation of this form of treatment can be made.
Incorporating Patients' Preferences into Medical Decisions
Authors: Jerome P. Kassirer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

As our medical decisions become more and more standardized and codified, we should take care to ensure that critical therapeutic choices are not based exclusively on formal guidelines. Many decisions need to be individualized, especially when they involve choices between possible outcomes that may be viewed differently by different patients. In such cases we should identify a patient's preferences scrupulously -- a point underscored by O'Meara and colleagues in this issue of the Journal1. They present a decision analysis of the choice between heparin alone and streptokinase plus heparin in the treatment of deep venous thrombosis. The result helps . . .
PITYRIASIS ROSEA.AN ERYTHEMATOUS ERUPTION OF INTERNAL ORIGIN.
Authors: LUDWIG WEISS
Journal: JAMA (1903)

The disease of which I intend to speak to-day does not belong to those very frequently observed. Its frequency, according to statistics, is between 5 and 12 per cent, of all skin affections presenting themselves for treatment. When we consider that the affection, by not causing imminent symptoms, is apt to be overlooked by the patient, its frequency will be somewhat augmented. If we add to this fact that the discernible features of the disease greatly resemble another skin eruption—tinea maculosa and circinata—we have another source of increased frequency, which must be accounted for when estimating the ratio of its occurrence among the dermatoses. It is strange that even busy dermatologists will at times encounter no case at all, while at other times the well-known mysterious multiplicity of cases will materialize itself by a string of cases within a limited period. Hyde saw 87 cases in 18 months. The spring
Hepatic Hot Spot on Both Radiocolloid and Hepatobiliary Imaging in Acute Cholecystitis
Authors: JAMES D. SLAVIN, ZAHIDA YOOSUFANI, RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A focal hot spot in the liver, seen on radiocolloid imaging, has been reported in several conditions. A patient with acute cholecystitis who had a hot spot in the liver on both radiocolloid and hepatobiliary scintigraphy is described. The hepatobiliary finding disappeared following cholecystectomy.
Consciousness as a social construction
Authors: Martin Kurthen, Thomas Grunwald, Christian E. Elger
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

If the explanatory gap between phenomenal consciousness (“p-consciousness”) and the brain cannot be closed by current naturalistic theories of mind, one might instead try to dissolve the explanatory gap problem. We hold that such a dissolution can start from the notion of consciousness as a social construction. In his target article, however, Block (1995) argues that the thesis that consciousness is a social construction is trivially false if it is construed to be about phenomenal consciousness. He ridicules the idea that the occurrence of p-consciousness requires that the subject of p-consciousness already have the concept of p-consciousness. This idea is not as ridiculous as Block supposes. To see this, one must accept that in a unique sense, p-consciousness is what we as the subjects of consciousness take it to be. Furthermore, the notion of consciousness as a social construction does not depend on the view that the concept of consciousness somehow precedes the occurrence of consciousness as such. In sum, consciousness can plausibly be seen as a social construction, and this view can promote a dissolution of the explanatory gap problem.
The antiarrhythmic action of ischaemic preconditioning in rat hearts does not involve functional Gi proteins
Authors: C. S Lawson, D J. Coltart, D. J Hearse
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Objective: Ischaemic preconditioning has been reported to be mediated by inhibitory G (Gi) proteins in rabbits; however, the mechanism of preconditioning in rats appears to differ from that in other species. The aim of this study was to determine whether functional Gi proteins are required for the antiarrhythmic action of preconditioning in rats. Methods: Donor rats were randomised to receive pertussis toxin (25 μg·kg−1 intravenously) or saline. After 48 h the hearts were isolated and Langendorff perfused with blood from untreated support rats. Cardiac rhythm was recorded continuously. Ischaemia and reperfusion were induced by occluding and releasing a snare around the left coronary artery. Following 10 min of aerobic perfusion hearts were further randomised to: (1) control groups (n=12 per group) which underwent a further 30 min of aerobic perfusion, or (2) preconditioned groups (n=12 per group) which were subjected to three cycles of 5 min of ischaemia and 5 min of reperfusion. All hearts subsequently underwent 30 min of regional ischaemia and 10 min of reperfusion during which arrhythmias were quantified. Results: In hearts not pretreated with pertussis toxin, preconditioning limited the severity of ischaemia induced arrhythmias. The incidence of ventricular tachycardia was reduced from 100% to 33% and the mean number of ventricular premature beats from 164(SEM 42) to 23(14) (each p<0.05). Although pretreatment with pertussis toxin completely abolished the bradycardic response to both acetylcholine and adenosine (indicating functional blockade of Gi proteins), it did not significantly influence the degree of antiarrhythmic protection afforded by preconditioning. In pretreated hearts preconditioning reduced the incidence of ventricular tachycardia from 83% to 33% and the mean number of ventricular premature beats from 267(66) to 62(32) (each p<0.05). Conclusions: The antiarrhythmic action of preconditioning in isolated blood perfused rat hearts does not require functional Gi proteins. Cardiovascular Research 1993;27:681-687
P109 Exercise capacity and physical activity in patients with CF: data from the UK CF Gene Therapy Consortium (UKCFGTC) 'Run-In' Study
Authors: C. J. Saunders, G. Davies, N. J. Bell, P. A. Reid, H. S. Sheridan, S. C. Hyde, J. A. Innes, E. W. F. W. Alton
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Exercise capacity is predictive of mortality in CF. Objective measurement of daily physical activity may be related to exercise capacity and both may be useful outcome measures in interventional trials. Participants in this CF study had a field-based estimate of exercise capacity and objective measurement of physical activity at each study visit. <h3>Methods</h3> Participants wore a pedometer for 7 days prior to each visit. At each visit, London patients performed a standard incremental shuttle-walk test and Edinburgh patients a modified shuttle test (in which running was allowed). Data are expressed as mean (SD). <h3>Results</h3> Data were analysed from 192 patients over 648 visits. Age at enrolment was 24 (11.9) years (London) and 20.8 (9.9) (Edinburgh) (p=0.052); FEV<sub>1</sub> was 67 (17.7)% and 79 (19.5)% for each site respectively (p&lt;0.001). Daily step count at visit 1 was 7491 (2887) in London and 8872 (4089) in Edinburgh (p=0.04) and this difference persisted across subsequent visits. The coefficient of variation (CV) in step counts between visits was 21.3%. Number of shuttles completed in London was 61 (15), and Edinburgh 90 (33) with no trend over the four visits (CV=10 and 16% respectively). In Edinburgh there was a correlation between mean step count and the number of completed shuttles (r=0.46, p&lt;0.001). Step count from both sites, and the number of shuttles completed in Edinburgh, correlated with FEV<sub>1</sub> % predicted (r=0.24, p&lt;0.001 and r=0.27, p&lt;0.001 respectively) and with age (r=−0.28, p&lt;0.001 and r=−0.30, p&lt;0.001 respectively). Such correlations were either weaker or not observed in London, however, in this group, number of shuttles correlated with height (r=0.51, p&lt;0.001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> No changes were detected in exercise capacity or daily activity levels over time. Between site differences were observed in both measures; however, these populations also differ in age and FEV<sub>1</sub>. The modified shuttle test performed in Edinburgh appeared to better correlate with clinical markers than the standard incremental shuttle test performed in London, and is independent of height. We believe that testing exercise capacity is important in CF and we plan to investigate the other testing methods in the run up to our Multi Dose Gene Therapy Trial.
Authors' reply to Hodson and colleagues
Authors: E. A. Ryan, T. Cundy, E. Ackermann
Journal: BMJ (2014)

We agree with Hodson and colleagues that women should be given a choice about intervention in gestational diabetes.1 2 However, terms fraught with emotion such as “risk of her baby dying” are inappropriate in this setting and unhelpful to the debate.

Firstly, let us correct some factual errors. In the ACHOIS study, the risk of babies in the …
Perioperative Chemotherapy in Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: Overview and the Unmet Clinical Need for Alternative Adjuvant Therapy as Studied in the MAGNOLIA Trial
Authors: Marc Colombel, Axel Heidenreich, Luis Martínez-Piñeiro, Marko Babjuk, Igor Korneyev, Cristian Surcel, Pavel Yakovlev, Renzo Colombo, Piotr Radziszewski, Fred Witjes, Raymond Schipper, Peter Mulders, Wim P.J. Witjes
Journal: European Urology (2013)
False-Positive Gallium Uptake in the Lungs Secondary to Small Bowel Hernia
Authors: SERAFIN TIU
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Ga-67 uptake in the lungs was noted in an AIDS patient. This finding usually indicates inflammatory, infectious, or neoplastic processes. Correlation with previous chest radiography and CT scan revealed that the uptake corresponded to a herniated small bowel loop.
Progestogen modification of endometrial histology in menopasual women.
Authors: M I Whitehead, S Campbell, G Dyer, W P Collins, J Pryse-Davies, T A Ryder, M L Rooney, J McQueen, R King
Journal: BMJ (1978)

effect earlier this year and already it is common practice for MLSOs to shorten their descriptions with misleading effects.I know of recent instances where a principal MLSO and a chief MLSO have, respectively, described themselves as principal scientific officer and as chief scientific officer, designa
Percutaneous Transhepatic Papillotomy
Authors: H. von Sanden, W. Schmitt, W. Wegerle
Journal: Endoscopy (1991)

See also: Percutaneous Transhepatic Sphincterotomy - A Report on 3 CasesEndoscopy 1991; 23(01): 25-28DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1010601
The Incidence and Prognosis of Endogenous Depression
Authors: C. A. H. Watts
Journal: BMJ (1956)

So far as the general public is concerned, propaganda could take the form of regular features on television and sound radio, each item driving home one particular point, perhaps drawing attention to a particular accident which had occurred that same day and which had been mentioned in a news bulletin.Displays of safe and non-inflammable fabrics; safe fireguards ; well-designed kitchen and table- ware; how to deal with burning accidents; first aid-all these topics are ideally suited for television or short films.
Abstract 310: Identification of secreted proteins that reflect intracellular autophagy dynamics in melanoma
Authors: Adam Akl, Xiaowei Xu, Shengfu Piao, Ravi K. Amaravadi, David W. Speicher
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Autophagy, a catabolic process that maintains cellular homeostasis, is a primary therapy resistance mechanism in cancer. Emerging studies indicate that autophagy is involved in secretion through non-classical mechanisms. However, the effects of autophagy-mediated secretion on the tumor microenvironment are poorly understood. Further, while autophagy is a potential cancer therapeutic target, efforts to inhibit autophagy in clinical trials have been hampered by sub-optimal methods to quantitatively monitor tumor autophagy levels. Here, we leveraged the recent findings that autophagy is implicated in non-classical secretion to identify secreted proteins associated with autophagy in melanoma. The conditioned media of low autophagy WM793 melanoma cells was compared to its highly autophagic metastatic derivative, 1205Lu, using quantitative proteomics. These comparisons identified secreted proteins associated with high autophagy, such as IL-1β, IL-8, LIF, FAM3C, and DKK3, which have previously been implicated in tumorigenesis. These proteins were shown to be elevated in supernatants of an independent panel of high autophagy melanoma cell lines compared with low autophagy cells, suggesting a mechanistic link between autophagy level and secretion of these proteins. In addition, secretion of these proteins increased when melanoma cells with intrinsically low autophagy levels were treated with an autophagy-inducing tat-Beclin 1 peptide. Further supporting a mechanistic link, Atg7 silencing in an intrinsically high autophagy cell line resulted in significantly decreased secretion. Finally, serum collected from untreated metastatic melanoma patients with high tumor autophagy levels exhibited higher levels of these proteins than serum from low autophagy patients. These results suggest that autophagy-related secretion affects the tumor microenvironment and that measurement of extracellular autophagy-associated secreted proteins in tumors and in plasma can serve as surrogates for intracellular autophagy dynamics in tumor cells. Citation Format: Adam Akl, Xiaowei Xu, Shengfu Piao, Ravi K. Amaravadi, David W. Speicher. Identification of secreted proteins that reflect intracellular autophagy dynamics in melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 310. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-310
1058 ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY AND SAFETY OF TMC435 COMBINED WITH PEGINTERFERON ALPHA-2A AND RIBAVIRIN IN PATIENTS WITH GENOTYPE 1 HEPATITIS C INFECTION WHO FAILED PREVIOUS IFN-BASED THERAPY
Authors: P. Marcellin, H. Reesink, T. Berg, M. Cramp, R. Flisiak, H. Van Vlierberghe, R. Verloes, O. Lenz, M. Peeters, V. Sekar, G. De Smedt
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Free radical involvement in doxorubicin-induced electrophysiological alterations in rat papillary muscle fibres
Authors: P Venditti
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1998)

This work was designed to determine whether the doxorubicin-induced changes in heart electrical activity are due to increased free radical production and membrane oxidative damage.Four groups of rats (60 days old) were used. One group was untreated and the others were treated with doxorubicin (DXR), DXR and vitamin E, and DXR and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), respectively. DXR was administered by single i.p. injection (20 mg/kg b.wt.). Vitamin E was administered by ten daily i.m. injections (100 mg/kg), while NAC (100 mg/kg) was injected i.p. 1 h before and 7 h after DXR. The effectiveness of the drug in inducing oxidative stress in different tissues and of the antioxidants in offering protection was established by determining antioxidant capacity, susceptibility to oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation in heart, liver, and blood. The drug effect on heart electrical activity was determined by measuring the heart rate in vivo and action potential configuration in papillary muscle fibres in vitro. Heart lipid peroxidation and electrical activity were also examined in both vitamin E and NAC-treated rats.DXR treatment decreased antioxidant capacity and increased lipid peroxidation and susceptibility to oxidative stress in heart and blood, but not in liver. DXR administration to rats treated with antioxidants did not produce significant changes in antioxidant capacity and susceptibility to oxidative stress even in heart and blood. Furthermore, lipid peroxidation in heart and liver from DXR- and vitamin E-treated rats, and in liver from DXR- and NAC-treated rats was lower than in untreated controls. DXR treatment also increased the duration of ventricular action potentials in untreated rats, but not in antioxidant-treated rats. The treatment of control animals with the antioxidants affected lipid peroxidation, but not cardiac electrical activity.The protection offered by antioxidants against electrophysiological alterations indicates a free radical involvement in such alterations. In contrast, although electrical modifications are associated with increased peroxidative processes and both are prevented by the antioxidants, it is not yet clear whether a causative relationship exists between them.
Effect of Tea Prepared From Leaves of <i>Syzygium jambos</i> on Glucose Tolerance in Nondiabetic Subjects
Authors: Claudio C Teixeira, Flávio D Fuchs, Rosa Maria Blotta, Jair Knijnik, Isabel C Delgado, Marina S Netto, Eliane Ferreira, Arlenio P Costa, Déborah G Müssnich, Gisele G Ranquetat, Gledison Gastaldo
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)
Review: Low-dose hydrochlorothiazide is not as effective as other antihypertensive drugs for reducing ambulatory BP in hypertension?
Authors: Eugene Yang
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Source Citation Messerli FH, Makani H, Benjo A, et al. Antihypertensive efficacy of hydrochlorothiazide as evaluated by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57:590-600. 21272751
Acute non-Q wave myocardial infarction associated with early ST segment elevation: Evidence for spontaneous coronary reperfusion and implications for thrombolytic trials
Authors: Barry L. Huey, Mihai Gheorghiade, Richard S. Crampton, George A. Beller, Donald L. Kaiser, Denny D. Watson, Thomas W. Nygaard, George B. Craddock, Sharon L. Sayre, Robert S. Gibson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1987)
Data protection legislation: interpretation and barriers to research
Authors: J. Strobl
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Research has been described as "a powerful means of achieving" the objectives of the Department of Health, namely "to improve the health and well-being of the population and to secure high quality care." 1 There is, however, a need to find a balance between facilitating important research and protecting the confidentiality of patients.As the capabilities of information technology grow, legal frameworks and professional guidance need to be created or refined to safeguard the rights of patients.Some areas of the common law duty of confidentiality and the new Data Protection Act 1998, which constitutes the United Kingdom's implementation of the relevant European Union directive, 2 are causing difficulties of interpretation within the NHS.With few exceptions, broad debate about the implications of the new act is lacking, particularly in the context of epidemiological research that uses patients' records. 3Questions of consent, anonymisation of data for research, and access to medical notes for research purposes (rather than audit) have been addressed in a range of literature. 4 9-13 Some of these documents are being updated; this may indicate that there are uncertainties about the legal issues involved in implementing the act.Local variations in interpretation may cause particular difficulties for researchers conducting multicentre epidemiological studies, as the case study that will be described in this article shows.
A human bite
Authors: D. A. Pettitt, A. Molajo, P. McArthur
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A 26 year old man presented to the emergency department with a painful right ear after having been bitten three hours earlier during an altercation. He also reported receiving a blow to his right eye during the incident. He was normally fit and well and not taking any regular drugs. On examination, he was alert, orientated, and afebrile. His right ear and the immediate surrounding tissue were erythematous and swollen. Soft tissue from the helix was missing superiorly, and about a third of the skin covering the posterior surface of the auricle was absent. His right eye was purple and swollen, with conjunctival haemorrhage present. He had normal visual acuity and a score of 15 out of 15 on the Glasgow coma scale.



### 1 What are your most immediate concerns?

#### Short answer

The most immediate concern is the presence of a life threatening injury or fracture sustained through the head trauma. Human (and animal) bite wounds are also particularly susceptible to infection because of the multiple organisms found in saliva.

#### Long answer

The most immediate concern is the presence of a life threatening head injury and the next is the risk of infection. This patient sustained a traumatic insult to his right eye with periorbital bruising present on examination. The general principles of trauma management therefore apply. This should begin with an ABCDE (airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure) approach (according to Advanced Trauma Life Support guidelines) to rule out any life threatening injuries. The bruised eye should then be clinically assessed during the secondary survey, and …
Apports du système F I C E (Fujinon Intelligent Color Enhancement) à l'endoscopie digestive
Authors: R Laugier, N Tuvignon, A Laquiere
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

L'endoscopie recherche en permanence à améliorer sa capacité de discrimination des images pour augmenter son pouvoir diagnostique. L'apparition de la vidéo – endoscopie a permis une avancée considérable, encore accrue par la haute définition. L'étude du contraste et du relief des structures devrait améliorer encore les performances de l'imagerie.
Omeprazole Enhances the Efficacy of Pancreatin (Pancrease) in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Harry G. Heijerman, Cornelis B. Lamers, Willem Bakker
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

We studied the effect of the addition of omeprazole (20 mg once a day) to treatment with pancreatin (Pancrease, Cilag, Herentals, Belgium), two or four capsules three times a day, on fecal fat excretion in a double-blind, crossover fashion in nine patients with cystic fibrosis having persistent steatorrhea while taking Pancrease, two capsules three times a day (mean fecal fat excretion, 22.3%; range, 12% to 44%). Neither doubling of the dose of Pancrease nor addition of omeprazole to the lower dose of Pancrease significantly reduced fecal fat excretion (mean, 19.6% [range, 10% to 34%]; mean, 16.4% [range, 6% to 32%], respectively). However, addition of omeprazole to the higher dose of Pancrease (four capsules three times a day) significantly reduced fecal fat excretion when compared with the two doses of Pancrease alone (mean, 10.7%; range, 4% to 25%; P < 0.01). We conclude that adjunct therapy with omeprazole reduces fecal fat excretion in cystic fibrosis provided that a high dose of Pancrease is supplied.
Acute Intermittent Porphyria With Inappropriately Elevated ADH Secretion
Authors: Daniel E. Lipschutz
Journal: JAMA (1974)

An inappropriately elevated serum level of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) was found in a patient who had acute intermittent porphyria and who was receiving long-term barbiturate therapy.  ( JAMA 230:716-717, 1974)