tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Regular inhaled beta agonist in asthma: effects on exacerbations and lung function.
Authors: D R Taylor, M R Sears, G P Herbison, E M Flannery, C G Print, D C Lake, D M Yates, M K Lucas, Q Li
Journal: Thorax (1993)

BACKGROUND: A comparison of the effects of regular upsilon as needed inhaled beta agonist treatment on the control of asthma in the last 16 weeks of each of two 24 week treatment periods has been reported. This paper presents additional information on exacerbations of asthma and trends in lung function, airways hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, and bronchodilator responsiveness during the entire 24 week periods of regular or as needed beta agonist treatment. METHODS: Subjects undertook a year long randomised, double blind crossover study of regular upsilon as needed inhaled beta agonist treatment. Fenoterol (400 micrograms) or matching placebo was inhaled as a dry powder four times daily for 24 weeks, then subjects crossed over to the alternative regimen. Treatment with inhaled corticosteroids was used by 50 of the 64 subjects in constant doses throughout the study. Symptoms, peak expiratory flow rates, and drug use were recorded daily, spirometry was performed every four weeks, and methacholine and bronchodilator responsiveness were measured every eight weeks. RESULTS: Exacerbations of asthma symptoms occurred earlier and more often during regular treatment with fenoterol and four of five severe exacerbations requiring admission to hospital occurred during the period of regular treatment. Prebronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was on average 0.15 litres lower (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.11-0.19) and vital capacity (VC) 0.12 litres lower (95% CI 0.08-0.16) than during the placebo period. Morning peak flow rates were significantly lower and evening peak flow rates significantly higher, with an increase in diurnal variation from 9.8% (95% CI 6.9-12.8) to 17.5% (95% CI 13.8-21.3) during regular treatment. Geometric mean concentration of methacholine causing a 20% fall in FEV1 from the value after saline (PC20) decreased significantly from 1.63 to 1.15 mg/ml, indicating increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness during regular treatment. Response to bronchodilator, as measured by the % increase in postbronchodilator FEV1 related to prebronchodilator FEV1, was maintained with no evidence for tachyphylaxis. CONCLUSION: Chronic use of inhaled fenoterol resulted in more exacerbations, a significant decline in baseline lung function, and an increase in airway responsiveness to methacholine in asthmatic subjects, but did not alter bronchodilator responsiveness. These findings support the previous report that regular inhaled beta agonist treatment is deleterious in the long term control of asthma.
Fortnightly review: Secondary prevention in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: R. H Mehta, K. A Eagle
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Acute myocardial infarction affects hundreds of thousands of people each year. Around a quarter die, half of them before reaching a hospital. Survivors are at increased risk of recurrent myocardial infarctions or cardiac death, with a 10% death rate in the first year after discharge and a subsequent annual death rate of 5%—six times that in people of the same age who do not have coronary artery disease. Whereas aggressive management of the acute infarction has been enthusiastically adopted, far less attention has been given to preventive strategies. Though most doctors agree with the importance of secondary prevention, the results of studies suggest that many patients are currently not being given optimal preventive care. Since most patients after acute myocardial infarction are routinely followed up in primary care, general practitioners must be fully informed and participate in treatment strategies designed for the secondary prevention of coronary artery disease.

We conducted a Medline search for all articles on acute myocardial infarction dating from January 1980 to August 1997, with particular emphasis on secondary prevention in acute myocardial infarction. We scanned all of these reports, which numbered more than 3000. In this review we have also incorporated current standard practice at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, for managing myocardial infarction.

Several controlled trials in more than 35 000 survivors of myocardial infarction have shown the benefit of long term treatment with β blockers in reducing the incidence of recurrent myocardial infarction, sudden death, and all cause mortality (table 1).1-8 β Blockers reduce myocardial workload and oxygen consumption by reducing the heart rate, blood pressure, and contractility, and they increase the threshold for ventricular fibrillation. A meta-analysis of such treatment in patients who have had myocardial infarctions shows a 20% reduction in long term mortality and a 34% reduction in …
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Hemoglobin Level, Chronic Kidney Disease, and the Risks of Death and Hospitalization in Adults With Chronic Heart Failure: The Anemia in Chronic Heart Failure: Outcomes and Resource Utilization (ANCHOR) Study”
Authors: Alan S. Go, Jingrong Yang, Lynn M. Ackerson, Krista Lepper, Michael G. Shlipak, Sean Robbins, Barry M. Massie
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Chronic Heart Failure: Outcomes and Resource Utilization (ANCHOR) Study"We appreciate the comments by Andreotti et al regarding additional possible reasons that may explain the excessive risk of adverse clinical events associated with reduced hemoglobin levels in the setting of chronic heart failure. 1 Our study shows that lower glomerular filtration rate and either low or very high levels of hemoglobin were each independent predictors of death and hospitalization for heart failure. 1 Suppressed erythropoietin levels secondary to associated chronic kidney disease are common in heart failure, and we agree that erythropoietin seems to have multiple effects on both the erythroid lineage and nonerythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow, 2 as well as potential direct myocardial effects.Recent data suggest that progenitor cells may play an important role in myocyte repair and clinical outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure. 3,4The exact mechanisms underlying the development of anemia complicating heart failure are multifactorial, however, and they involve renal and nonrenal pathways (eg, chronic inflammation, use of selected therapies, bone marrow suppression, etc).Therefore, we suggest that both erythropoietin-dependent and multiple erythropoietin-independent factors likely contribute to the high rates of death and other adverse outcomes linked to anemia in the setting of heart failure.
176 Temporal relationship between systemic and splancnic vasodilatation, NOS activity and ascites formation in cirrhotic rats
Authors: P. Angeli, C. Cugini, G. Fernandez-Varo, V. Dalla-Libera, S. Fasolato, V. Arroyo, A. Sticca, A. Gatta, W. Jimenez
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Ontogeny and regional variability of keratin 2e (K2e) in developing human fetal skin: a unique spatial and temporal pattern of keratin expression in development
Authors: None SMITH, None UNDERWOOD, None McLEAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Keratin 2e (K2e) is expressed in the upper spinous and granular cells of adult epidermis. A highly specific polyclonal antibody was made against a C-terminal peptide of K2e and used to observe K2e expression at different developmental stages. At 12.5 weeks estimated gestational age (EGA) K2e was detected in trunk skin in scattered cells in the intermediate layer. At 13.5 weeks EGA, greater numbers of intermediate cells were stained with variable intensity, and staining in this pattern increased with age. Epidermal sheets from 14 weeks EGA showed that K2e + cells were excluded from developing hair follicles. At 135 days EGA, the following regional patterns were observed: in cheek, trunk, dorsal and ventral knee, elbow and dorsal hand there was moderate to intense staining of upper intermediate keratinocytes excluding cells of the hair canals and sweat ducts. The periumbilical region distinctly lacked K2e staining, while more distal areas showed increasing numbers of K2e + cells. The earliest expression of K2e was at 10 weeks EGA in the presumptive nail bed of developing digits. By 13.5 weeks EGA this pattern had shifted to the proximal nail fold, and K2e was absent in the nail bed. K2e was excluded from developing sweat glands and ducts and from developing hair follicles at the hair germ and early peg stages. By 15 weeks EGA in the fetal hair follicle small groups of cells were K2e + and by 19 weeks K2e + cells were seen at the level of the matrix. Some overlap in staining was detected for K2e with K10, and in palmar skin with K9; however, mostly the filamentous staining patterns for these keratins were distinctive. This study shows that the complex patterns of temporal and regional expression of K2e differ from known patterns for other epidermal keratins and suggest different regulation and function for this epidermal keratin.
Abnormal Tc-99m-Methylene Diphosphonate Accumulation in the Kidneys of Children with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: J R STY, D P BABBITT, K SHETH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1980)

Increased uptake of Tc-99m-methylene diphosphonate occurs in the kidneys of children with sickle cell disease. The abnormal kidney uptake is not related to clinically altered renal function. The exact mechanism of tracer accumulation has not been established.
Endoscopic Ultrasonography for Prediction of Postpolypectomy Bleeding in Patients with Large Nonpedunculated Rectosigmoid Adenomas
Authors: M. Polkowski, J. Regula, E. Wronska, J. Pachlewski, M. Rupinski, E. Butruk
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

Background and Study Aims: Case reports suggest that endosonographic visualization of blood vessels in a gastric polyp may be predictive of risk of postpolypectomy bleeding; however, this issue has never been studied in patients with colorectal adenomas. Patients and Methods: Endosonography (EUS) was performed prior to endoscopic polypectomy of 42 large (≥ 20 mm) nonpedunculated adenomatous polyps. The median diameter of the polyps was 30 mm (range 20 - 100 mm); 35 were located in the rectum and seven in the sigmoid colon. During EUS both the polyp and the bowel wall underneath were searched for the presence of vessels, which were defined as longitudinal/tortuous or round/oval echo-free structures ≥ 2 mm in diameter.
Comparable Effects of HOCl and of FMLP-stimulated PMN on the Circulation in an Isolated Lung Model
Authors: STEFAN HAMMERSCHMIDT, HANS WAHN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are involved in acute lung injury during adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) via several mechanisms. This study focuses on neutrophil-derived oxidative stress. The influence of (A), continuous hypochlorous acid (HOCl) infusion over 105 min and (B) stimulation of PMN having been delayed in the pulmonary microvasculature were studied. Therefore pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), capillary filtration coefficient (Kf,c), and fluid retention ( Δ W) were monitored using isolated rabbit lungs. These models (A/B) were compared with each other to assess the reproducibility of neutrophil-derived oxidative stress by HOCl. A: Infusion of 250/500/1,000/ 2,000 nmol/min HOCl (n = 6/group) evoked a Δ PAPmax of 0.4 ± 0.07/2.4 ± 0.21/4.9 ± 0.29/4.6 ± 0.25 mm Hg at 105/105/56.4 ± 5.6/21.5 ± 0.8 min and a tenfold increase in Kf,c/ Δ W at 60 min. B: Stimulation of PMN (1,480 ± 323/ μ l, n = 8), which were added into the perfusate and sequestrated in the microvasculature, with 1 μ M FMLP resulted in a Δ PAPmax = 8.4 ± 1.1 torr (t = 3.7 ± 0.19 min) and a twofold increase in Kf,c/ Δ W (t = 60 min) that were accompanied by a myeloperoxidase (MPO)- release (MPOmax = 56.1 ± 7.3 mU/l, after 1 to 3 min). There was a strong correlation between Δ PAPmax and MPOmax (r = 0.97, p < 0.01). Both models of neutrophil-derived oxidative stress evoked changes in pulmonary circulation providing evidence for an involvement of PMN via their major oxidant HOCl in pulmonary hypertension and edema during ARDS.
Smoking Cessation and Weight Gain
Authors: Neil E. Grunberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

More than 1000 years ago, Native Americans were using tobacco, and they were probably aware of its appetite-suppressing and energy-instilling actions.1 Although scientific papers reporting that the use of tobacco lowered body weight began to appear more than 100 years ago,2 detailed study of the relation between cigarette smoking and body weight began only 10 years ago.2 3 4 5 There are several reasons for renewed attention to this well-known phenomenon. Cigarette smoking is the single most important preventable cause of death and illness in the United States, resulting in more deaths per year than can be attributed to alcohol, all other addictive . . .
N.H.S. Private Hospital Beds
Authors: M. Murray, R. A. Roxburgh, D. Fife, C. J. Moore, R. P. Boggon, L. Rankin, M. B. Heywood-Waddington, A. Adcock, J. Handy, H-J. B. Galbraith, J. R. Spears, B. Pender, R. A. Spilsbury, M. Hamilton, J. H. Swallow, A. H. Staples, G. Kerr, A. MacMillan
Journal: BMJ (1975)
Abstract 4915: Physiologically-based PK modeling of liposomal drug delivery points to a key role of tumor deposition in determining the relative efficacy of liposomal vs. free doxorubicin in breast cancer and Kaposi sarcoma
Authors: Bart Hendriks, Joe Reynolds, Stephan Klinz, Shannon Leonard, Elena Geretti, Helen Lee, Isabelle Eckelhofer, Daniel Gaddy, Thomas Wickham
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract For the chemotherapeutic, doxorubicin, liposomal encapsulation simultaneously (i) protects the heart from doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, (ii) results in passive tumor accumulation via the enhanced permeability and retention effect and (iii) increases its circulation life-time. Clinically, pegylated-liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) shows a dramatic benefit to Kaposi sarcoma (KS) patients relative to free doxorubicin. In contrast, PLD does not show any survival benefit relative to free doxorubicin in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We hypothesized that the differential efficacy observed might be explained by differences in tumor cell exposure to drug. To better understand the effects of liposomal encapsulation on drug exposure, we developed a mechanism-based PK model of liposome biodistribution. The model consists of superimposed PK models for free and liposomal doxorubicin with a common central blood compartment which are then connected to a physiologically-based tumor tissue compartment. The tumor tissue compartment includes vascular, interstitial and cell space and captures rates of blood flow, tumor deposition into the interstitial space, doxorubicin release from the liposomes and the trafficking of free doxorubicin into and out of cells. The model parameters were extensively validated against literature data from in vitro studies, mouse xenografts and human clinical data. With our model we are able to simulate total tumor doxorubicin and DNA-bound doxorubicin in tumors, reproducing observed mouse xenograft data for free vs. liposomal doxorubicin. Analysis of the model revealed dramatically different dynamics in tumor exposure for free vs. liposomal doxorubicin delivery. Further, rates of tumor deposition were rate-limiting for overall tumor cell exposure for liposomally-delivered doxorubicin. Upon scaling the model to reflect human physiology, we demonstrate that the clinically observed liposome accumulation in KS tumors can quantitatively explain the dramatic increase in efficacy relative to free doxorubicin. Furthermore, the model indicates that the lower rates of liposome tumor deposition seen in breast cancer patients result in no survival benefit relative to free doxorubicin, consistent with clinical trial results. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4915. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4915
Pulse Pressure and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Travis S. Hiles, Patrick M. Moriarty
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 2429: An abdominal imaging window for long-term subcellular visualization of abdominal organs in living mice
Authors: Ernst J. Steller, Laila Ritsma, Inne H. Borel Rinkes, Onno Kranenburg, Jacco van Rheenen
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Intravital imaging windows are powerful tools for long-term visualization of dynamic cell behaviour in living mice. However, the applications of the current windows are limited because they cannot be used for imaging of organs in the abdomen. In order to overcome this unmet need, we developed the abdominal imaging window (AIW). Using the AIW, we visualized stem cells in the small intestine, lymphocytes in the spleen, transplanted islets of Langerhans under the kidney capsule, and metastatic outgrowth of tumor cells in the liver. We discovered that liver metastases are grown from a single founder cell, and that tumor cells within a growing metastasis are highly motile. Strikingly, this migration appears to be a novel, limiting step during liver metastasis formation. We conclude that the AIW is a powerful tool to visualize distinct biological processes in a variety of abdominal organs with subcellular resolution over a time span of weeks. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2429. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2429
Cross-Allergenicity of Cephalothin and Penicillin
Authors: Allen H. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To the Editor:—  The editorial in the Sept 8, 1969, issue ofThe Journalby Robert G. Petersdorf, MD, was appropriate and concise. The statement that caphalothin sodium can be substituted for penicillin when a patient gives the history of penicilgy implies that cross-allergenicity between cephalothin and penicillin does not occur. I know that Dr. Petersdorf is aware of the similarity of the chemical structure of these two antibiotics. Since severe systemic reactions have been reported to occur in patients treated with cephalothin when it was substituted due to penicillin allergy, we must use cephalothin with caution in patients who are allergic to penicillin. While it is true that the cross-allergenicity is weaker with cephalothin, it would be unfortunate to disregard this type of allergy.  Dr. Petersdorf is certainly quite familiar with this cross-allergenicity between cephalothin and penicillin and I only bring this point up because the editorial reads as
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with homozygosity for an Asp90Ala mutation in CuZn-superoxide dismutase
Authors: Peter M. Andersen, Peter Nilsson, Veli Ala-Hurula, Marja-Leena Keränen, Ilkka Tarvainen, Tuula Haltia, Lotta Nilsson, Michael Binzer, Lars Forsgren, Stefan L. Marklund
Journal: Nature Genetics (1995)
Murder or Mercy? Hurricane Katrina and the Need for Disaster Training
Authors: Tyler J. Curiel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

In July 2006, a New Orleans physician and two nurses were arrested and accused of the second-degree murder of four patients at Memorial Medical Center in 2005, 4 days after Hurricane Katrina. Dr. Tyler Curiel writes that a key question is whether Memorial's staff members were prepared to make life-and-death decisions during a disaster. If not, what could have prepared them?
Sensing the Self
Authors: Kim A. Carmichael
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Medical Writings: Book Notes4 December 2001Sensing the SelfKim A. Carmichael, MDKim A. Carmichael, MDForest Park Hospital, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-11-200112040-00030 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Reindl SM. 337 pages. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ Pr; 2001. $29.95. ISBN 0674004876. Order phone 800-448-2242.Field of medicine: Women's health, consultative medicine, and psychiatry.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Therapists, consulting and primary care physicians, and women with bulimia.Purpose: To explain the concept of sensing the self and its importance to women recovering from bulimia.Content: The book's eight chapters offer a psychodynamic analysis of bulimia as well as in-depth interviews with women in various stages of recovery. The author provides a comprehensive description of sensing and the phenomenon of dissociation from self-experience, and then focuses on the physical, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Forest Park Hospital, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 4 December 2001Volume 135, Issue 11Page: 1018KeywordsAnorexia nervosaEating disordersForecastingHospital medicineObesityObstetrics and gynecologyPrimary care physiciansPsychoanalysisSoftware tools ePublished: 4 December 2001 Issue Published: 4 December 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Are Today’s Surgical Residency Graduates Less Competent or Just More Cautious?
Authors: Rebecca A. Snyder, Kyla P. Terhune, D. Brandon Williams
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal