tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Campbell-Walsh Urology, Volumes 1-4
Authors: Paul Kokorowski, Roger De Filippo, Chester J. Koh
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Association Button.
Authors: Frederick Adrian Kinch
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Westfield, N. J., Jan. 31, 1900. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Many thoughts have crowded into my mind since receiving the official button, and I wonder if he who designed it had as much or more in mind when he drew the design. For instance: <h3>A MODERN AESCULAPIUS.</h3> At first sight the red cross attracts our attention and suggests our Master, The Great Physician, in whose footsteps we are trying to follow and who healed the minds and hearts of men, as well as their bodies. The four points of the cross set forth the four cardinal points of the compass, and demonstrate the extent and influence of a physician's work, for it is as extensive as the four ends of the earth, embracing every nation and every clime. The four points also allude to four virtues: courage, discretion, justice, devotion—necessary for every successful practitioner. The cross is<i>red</i>, appealing to the
Local Hydrocortisone in de Quervain's Disease
Authors: B. G. B. Christie
Journal: BMJ (1955)

limitation of movements are the prime features and in which the symptoms of acute inflammation have subsided.Of 50 acute cases treated (see Table ), 36 obtained com- plete relief of symptoms from the injection of hydro- cortisone alone within 7 to 14 days.Only three cases failed to improve at all.Treatment of Periarthritis of the Shoulder with HydrocortisoneNo. of
Certain Inevitable Relationships among the "Unipolar" Extremity Leads
Authors: PAUL H. LANGNER, J. MALVERN BENJAMIN, SAMUEL R. MOORE
Journal: Circulation (1952)

It is demonstrated in this paper, both mathematically and experimentally, that the scalar sums of the three "unipolar" extremity leads when recorded with resistors of high value in the neutral network must equal zero if all the possible sources of error are eliminated. However, this fact has no bearing upon the validity of the Einthoven hypothesis or upon the theoretic concepts underlying the Wilson central terminal. In fact, when any three points are chosen at random to make a central terminal and the potential differences between each of the three points in turn and the central terminal are recorded, the scalar sum of these potential differences will invariably equal zero. It is also shown why any augmented "unipolar" extremity lead must be exactly 50 per cent greater than the respective unaugmented "unipolar" extremity lead if properly recorded.
A Novel Loss-of-Function <i>DDAH1</i> Promoter Polymorphism Is Associated With Increased Susceptibility to Thrombosis Stroke and Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Hu Ding, Bin Wu, Hu Wang, Zhilan Lu, Jiangtao Yan, Xiaojing Wang, John R. Shaffer, Rutai Hui, Dao Wen Wang
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

Asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous arginine analogue, inhibits nitric oxide synthases and plays an important role in endothelial dysfunction.In the present study, we tested whether a novel genetic variant in dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1), an important ADMA hydrolyzing gene, was associated with stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) susceptibility in the Chinese Han population.By resequencing, we identified a novel 4-nucleotide deletion/insertion variant in the DDAH1 promoter. The insertion allele disrupted binding of metal-regulatory transcription factor 1, which resulted in significant reduction of in vitro DDAH1 transcriptional activity and in vivo DDAH1 mRNA level, and in turn, increased plasma ADMA level and the ratio of ADMA to L-arginine. We initially genotyped the polymorphism in 1388 stroke patients and 1027 controls as well as 576 CHD patients and 557 controls and then replicated our study in additional independent case-control cohorts comprising 961 stroke patients and 822 controls and 482 CHD patients and 1072 controls. We identified that the -396 4N ins allele was significantly associated with increased risk of thrombosis stroke and CHD after adjusting for environmental factors in both samples for both diseases (thrombosis stroke discovery set: odds ratio [OR]=1.35, P=0.032; replication set: OR=1.51, P=0.006; CHD discovery set: OR=1.45, P=0.035; replication set: OR=1.47, P=0.003).Our results suggest that the DDAH1 loss-of-function polymorphism is associated with both increased risk of thrombosis stroke and CHD.
Differential effects of fluticasone propionate on allergen-evoked bronchoconstriction and increased urinary leukotriene E4 excretion.
Authors: A Sala, G Folco
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

"Differential effects of fluticasone propionate on allergen-evoked bronchoconstriction and increased urinary leukotriene E4 excretion.." American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 150(1), p. 287
Leukotriene A4 hydrolase in human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
Authors: D A Munafo, K Shindo, J R Baker, T D Bigby
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

We examined cell-free human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for enzymes of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. BALF was obtained from six patients who were active smokers and six nonsmokers. Enzymatic activity in cell-free BALF was assessed by specific assays for leukotriene (LT) A4 hydrolase, 5-lipoxygenase, and LTC4 synthase using HPLC. Only LTA4 hydrolase enzymatic activity was found. This activity ranged from 101 to 667 when expressed as picomoles of LTB4 produced per milliliter BALF. Enzymatic activity in smokers vs nonsmokers was 484 +/- 120 vs 129 +/- 32 pmol LTB4/ml BALF (mean +/- SD, P < 0.0001). There were no leukotrienes found in BALF before assay. Immunoblot analysis revealed an immunoreactive band at a relative molecular mass of 69,000 D in all samples, consistent with LTA4 hydrolase, but no evidence of 5-lipoxygenase. BALF had greater LTA4 hydrolase activity per milligram of protein than neutrophil cytosol, epithelial cell cytosol, plasma, or serum. The synthesis of LTB4 was significantly increased when neutrophils were stimulated in BALF. These data indicate the selective presence of LTA4 hydrolase in BALF which is significantly increased in smokers. This enzyme in BALF may contribute to the inflammatory response in tobacco-related lung disease.
INFECTIOUS MYXOMATOSIS OF RABBITS
Authors: T. M. Rivers
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1930)

The virus of infectious myxomatosis of rabbits (Sanarelli) induces multiple lesions in the skin, lymph glands, tunica vaginalis,epididymis, testicle, spleen, and lungs. Growth and destruction of cells in the epidermis overlying the myxomatous masses leads to the formation of vesicles. Cytoplasmic inclusions are found in affected epidermal cells. Occasionally, similar inclusions are seen in other involved epithelial cells. The nature of the inclusions is an open question. In the myxomatous masses situated in the subcutaneous and other tissues, evidences of alteration and growth of certain cells are observed.
TCT-500 Prasugrel Is A More Potent Platelet Inhibitor Than Clopidogrel In Bivalirudin-Treated Patients. Comparative Effects of Two Thienopyridines On ADP And Thrombin Receptor Antagonism As Assessed By Aggregometry
Authors: Carey D. Kimmelstiel, Athan Kuliopulos, Vilma Castaneda, Ryan Stevenson, Andrew Weintraub, Navin K. Kapur
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Randomized Trial of Oral Teriflunomide for Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Paul O'Connor, Jerry S. Wolinsky, Christian Confavreux, Giancarlo Comi, Ludwig Kappos, Tomas P. Olsson, Hadj Benzerdjeb, Philippe Truffinet, Lin Wang, Aaron Miller, Mark S. Freedman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

We concluded a randomized trial involving 1088 patients with multiple sclerosis, 18 to 55 years of age, with a score of 0 to 5.5 on the Expanded Disability Status Scale and at least one relapse in the previous year or at least two relapses in the previous 2 years. Patients were randomly assigned (in a 1:1:1 ratio) to placebo, 7 mg of teriflunomide, or 14 mg of teriflunomide once daily for 108 weeks. The primary end point was the annualized relapse rate, and the key secondary end point was confirmed progression of disability for at least 12 weeks.
Points: Rifampicin in non-tuberculous infections
Authors: M Katz, R Livshin
Journal: BMJ (1984)

September, p 591) confirmed brain death in the usual way before resuscitation was finally abandoned after four hours.The usual tests of brain death are tests of brain stem function.These tests should be preceded by essential preconditions and necessary exclusions.An essential precondition is irremediable structural brain damage.A necessary exclusion is acute intoxication.'In their patient neither of these criteria was satisfied.Their patient had not responded to intensive resuscitation and had remained hypotensive and anuric.As there had been no recovery and no prospect of recovery it may have been reasonable to discontinue resuscita- tion.It is not possible to use tests of brain death to support this decision as it was impossible to meet the currently accepted preconditions and exclusions which are required to give the tests validity.
Recharting National Health Priorities: A New Canadian Perspective
Authors: Anne R. Somers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Everywhere the rising cost of health services continues, year by year, to outpace the growth of national economies. Should this trend continue, several countries would soon be spending a prohibitive 25 percent of their GNP on health. The problem would solve itself only if there were some limit, not too far removed from current levels, to the demand for health services. No such limit is in sight.This assessment of the dilemma of health policy facing most of the economically developed nations today is based on a survey of 20 nations, including the United States, the Soviet Union, and the . . .
Venereal Disease Prophylaxis-Reply
Authors: William W. Darrow
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Our intention was to present neither a pessimistic nor an optimistic, but rather a realistic assessment of personal prophylaxis for venereal disease by summarizing current information for the practicing physician. Dr Braff touches on factors that were beyond the scope of the original presentation but are, nevertheless, important from the perspective of a national venereal disease control strategy. We have recently completed studies that focused on the use, acceptance, and use-effectiveness of the venereal disease prophylactics currently available. In one study,<sup>1</sup>persons at relatively high risk of contracting venereal diseases were less interested in using condoms than persons at relatively low risk. Acceptance rates (24.8%) were lower during the 13week period of study than during the week of pretest (50.5%). During pretest, a positive approach that encouraged patients to use condoms produced a twofold difference in acceptance, but there was no evidence that any of the condoms
Art and medicine 2: Pethidine by Dr Matthew Clark
Authors: R. Stanwell-Smith
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

This curvaceous carving in English lime on Pacific koa wood (16 × 6 cm) won second prize last July in the Brooke Epidemiology Art Prize, arranged jointly by the Section of Epidemiology & Public Health and the Medical Art Society. But why the title Pethidine and how did it fit with the theme of inequalities chosen for the 2003 prize? Dr Clark's commentary on the work explains:


'Earlier this year I became a father. My knowledge of childbirth before this had been rather limited. Other than a couple of mandatory deliveries during an obstetrics attachment as a student, my main experiences had come from a medical elective in Papua New Guinea. In that country, the limited medical resources are complemented by traditional 'alternative' medical beliefs. While working in Wewak General Hospital on the North coast, my wife and I were continually amazed by the tenacity and toughness of the local women giving birth. Often they had walked for days to reach the hospital, and the maternity ward was a simple wooden building kitted out with little more than unmattressed metal beds lined against one wall. Running above these, so that it was within reach, was a long metal pole. Its function became clear. It was the pain relief. The hospital had such a limited supply of drugs that pain relief for women in labour was considered frivolous. Instead, the pole was gripped tightly by way of distraction and childbirth progressed with the slightest fuss or noise.

Our recent experience here in the UK showed us how different the process can be. There was a bombardment of choice—various analgesics, alternative therapies, TENS machines, aromatherapy and calming music, to name but a few. In memory of our PNG experiences, I carved Pethidine. Its shape is designed to fit comfortably into the grip of the hand, with the thumb in the curve of the back. Thus, it could perform the function of the pole from the PNG maternity ward. And when my wife, at the height of labour, screamed for the pethidine, I could turn to the midwife with a knowing smile and say that what she really wanted was my sculpture to grip'.


In the event, Dr Clark did not pursue this 'tongue in cheek' pain-relieving option for his wife's labour. His real aim was to show, in this sculpture, the contrast in care between the two cultures, neatly symbolized by the use of both English and Pacific woods. The design also draws on Venus figurines and prehistoric palaeolithic carvings thought to be symbols of fertility.
839-1 The long-term effect of surgical myectomy on survival in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Steve R Ommen, Iacopo Olivotto, Martin S Maron, Sandro Betocchi, Franco Cecchi, Michael J Ackerman, Bernard J Gersh, Joseph A Dearani, Hartzell V Schaff, Rick A Nishimura, Barry J Maron
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Glutathione S-Transferase Activity, Sulfhydryl Group and Glutathione Levels, and DNA Cross-Linking Activity With Chlorambucil in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: J. B. Johnston, L. G. Isrels, G. J. Goldenberg, C. D. Anhalt, L. Verburg, M. R. A. Mowat, A. Begleiter
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Glutathione (GSH) levels and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were measured in the leukemia cells of 12 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Both were correlated with prior clinical exposure to alkylating agents and with DNA cross-link formation by chlorambucil in these cells in vitro. No correlation was observed between prior exposure to alkylating agents and GSH level or GST activity. An inverse correlation was observed between GST activity and cross-linking by chlorambucil, which was enhanced if both GST activity and GSH level were related to cross-linking. These findings suggest that the combination of GST and GSH protects the DNA of leukemia cells from chlorambucil, but the role of this combination in clinical resistance remains to be determined.
Tc-99m Phytate and Tc-99m P-butyl IDA Scintigraphy in Focal Nodular Hyperplasia of the Liver
Authors: HIROAKl HOSHI, KEIKICHI MIHARA, TAISUKE NAKANO, KOTARO YASUMORI, KIYOSHI NISHIKAWA, SCHUNICHI MORITA, KATSUSHI WATANABE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

HOSHI, HIROAKl M.D.; MIHARA, KEIKICHI M.D.; NAKANO, TAISUKE M.D.; YASUMORI, KOTARO M.D.; NISHIKAWA, KIYOSHI M.D.; MORITA, SCHUNICHI M.D.; WATANABE, KATSUSHI M.D. Author Information
Simple and Sensitive Detection of HBsAg by Using a Quantum Dots Nanobeads Based Dot-Blot Immunoassay
Authors: Pengfei Zhang, Huiqi Lu, Jia Chen, Huanxing Han, Wei Ma
Journal: Theranostics (2014)

Simple and sensitive detection of infectious disease at an affordable cost is urgently needed in developing nations.In this regard, the dot blot immunoassay has been used as a common protein detection method for detection of disease markers.However, the traditional signal reporting systems, such as those using enzymes or gold nanoparticles lack sensitivity and thus restrict the application of these methods for disease detection.In this study, we report a simple and sensitive detection method for the detection of infectious disease markers that couples the dot-blot immunoassay with quantum dots nanobeads (QDNBs) as a reporter.First, the QDNBs were prepared by an oil-in-water emulsion-evaporation technique.Because of the encapsulation of several QDs in one particle, the fluorescent signal of reporter can be amplified with QDNBs in a one-step test and be read using a UV lamp obviating the need for complicated instruments.Detection of disease-associated markers in complex mixture is possible, which demonstrates the potential of developing QDNBs into a sensitive diagnostic kit.
The Cost of Prevention: Common Sense and Decision Trees
Authors: William E. Scheckler
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In this issue ofThe Journal(page 1290), Shapiro and colleagues have constructed a promising benefit-cost analysis of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis. Numerous studies in recent years indicate that 30% to 50% of total in-hospital antibiotic use, especially the cephalosporin group of drugs, is given for prevention of postoperative infection.<sup>1</sup>It is important to have both scientifically rational and cost-effective data on which to base decisions about surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis. In their previous work cited in the Shapiro article, and in other studies, three perioperative doses of cefazolin sodium have been demonstrated in a scientifically rational way to reduce in-hospital infection-related morbidity in patients undergoing vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy. The current article addresses the cost-effective issues concerning such prophylaxis. What Shapiro et al demonstrate in their article is that the efficacy in cost savings from surgical prophylaxis depends on the following: 1. The cost of the drug used—cost per dose
Tumor Vascular Permeabilization by Vascular-Targeting Photosensitization: Effects, Mechanism, and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Bin Chen, Brian W. Pogue, Jorge M. Luna, Rulon L. Hardman, P. Jack Hoopes, Tayyaba Hasan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Loss of vascular barrier function has been observed shortly following vascular-targeting photodynamic therapy. However, the mechanism involved in this event is still not clear, and the therapeutic implications associated with this pathophysiologic change have not been fully explored. Experimental Design: The effect of vascular-targeting photodynamic therapy on vascular barrier function was examined in both s.c. and orthotopic MatLyLu rat prostate tumor models and endothelial cells in vitro, using photosensitizer verteporfin. Vascular permeability to macromolecules (Evans blue-albumin and high molecular weight dextran) was assessed with dye extraction (ex vivo) and intravital microscopy (in vivo) methods. Intravital microscopy was also used to monitor tumor vascular functional changes after vascular-targeting photodynamic therapy. The effects of photosensitization on monolayer endothelial cell morphology and cytoskeleton structures were studied with immunofluorescence staining. Results: Vascular-targeting photodynamic therapy induced vascular barrier dysfunction in the MatLyLu tumors. Thus, tumor uptake of macromolecules was significantly increased following photodynamic therapy treatments. In addition to vascular permeability increase, blood cell adherence to vessel wall was observed shortly after treatment, further suggesting the loss of endothelial integrity. Blood cell adhesion led to the formation of thrombi that can occlude blood vessels, causing vascular shutdown. However, viable tumor cells were often detected at tumor periphery after vascular-targeting photodynamic therapy. Endothelial cell barrier dysfunction following photodynamic therapy treatment was also observed in vitro by culturing monolayer endothelial cells on Transwell inserts. Immunofluorescence study revealed microtubule depolymerization shortly after photosensitization treatment and stress actin fiber formation thereafter. Consequently, endothelial cells were found to retract, and this endothelial morphologic change led to the formation of intercellular gaps. Conclusions: Vascular-targeting photodynamic therapy permeabilizes blood vessels through the formation of endothelial intercellular gaps, which are likely induced via endothelial cell microtubule depolymerization following vascular photosensitization. Loss of endothelial barrier function can ultimately lead to tumor vascular shutdown and has significant implications in drug transport and tumor cell metastasis.