tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Differential expression of hERG1A and hERG1B genes in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia identifies different prognostic subgroups
Authors: S Pillozzi, B Accordi, P Rebora, V Serafin, M G Valsecchi, G Basso, A Arcangeli
Journal: Leukemia (2014)

Differential expression of  hERG1A  and  hERG1B  genes in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia identifies different prognostic subgroups
Granulomatous Colitis
Authors: A. E. Lindner, R. H. Marshak, B. S. Wolf, H. D. Janowitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

SINCE the original description of regional ileitis by Crohn, Ginzburg and Oppenheimer1 in 1932 there has been a sustained interest at the Mount Sinai Hospital in granulomatous disease of the bowel. In 1934 Colp2 first described granulomatous disease of both ileum and cecum and demonstrated that the ileocecal valve is no barrier to the development of granulomatous disease in the colon. During the thirty years that have intervened the characteristics and management of granulomatous disease of both small bowel and colon have become progressively better understood.That granulomatous disease can involve the colon alone is clear,3 but the distinctions between . . .
Abstract 5169: The polycomb group protein BMI-1 cooperates with Yes-Associated Protein, YAP, to suppress cell contact inhibition in Ewing sarcoma cells
Authors: Jessie Hao-Ru Hsu, Long Hung, Elizabeth R. Lawlor
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The polycomb group family protein BMI-1 is frequently deregulated in cancer. BMI-1 has been shown to promote stemness and tumorigenicity largely through epigenetic repression of the CDKN2A locus, inhibiting the expression of cell-cycle inhibitors p16INK4A and p14ARF. We have previously shown that BMI-1 functions as an oncoprotein in Ewing sarcoma, promoting anchorage independent growth in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo independently of CDKN2A repression. In the current study we have investigated the potential contribution of BMI-1 to loss of cell contact inhibition, a fundamental transforming property of cancer cells. Using cells that stably express an shRNA against BMI-1, we discovered that loss of BMI-1 expression restores contact inhibition to CDKN2A-null Ewing sarcoma cells. Significantly, although proliferation of cells in log phase growth is unaffected by loss of BMI-1, at high cell density BMI-1 knockdown cells undergo cell cycle arrest and death. In contrast, control vector-transduced cells continue to enter cell cycle and proliferate, avoiding contact inhibition. Although many signaling pathways are involved in mediating the cell contact inhibition response, inactivation of the Yes-Associated Protein (YAP), a key downstream target of the Hippo pathway, has been implicated in both Drosophila and mammalian cells. Intriguingly, our data show that, although the Hippo pathway is activated in response to increasing cell density, as evidenced by increasing YAP phosphorylation, YAP is not degraded in control cells that express high levels of BMI-1. In contrast, silencing BMI-1 expression results in loss of YAP protein at high cell density coincident with induction of contact inhibition. Together, these findings suggest that YAP is a novel downstream target of BMI-1 and that BMI-1-mediated stabilization of YAP renders cancer cells impervious to cell contact inhibition. Experiments are currently ongoing to elucidate the precise molecular mechanism linking BMI-1 to YAP; however, preliminary studies show that knockdown of BMI-1 has no effect on YAP1 transcript expression at either low or high cell density indicating that the effects of BMI-1 on YAP stabilization are most likely to be post-translational and indirect. Cancer cells escape cell contact inhibition to achieve unrestrained proliferation and enhanced invasive and metastatic properties. Our findings suggest that BMI-1 may be a key upstream mediator of this critical cancer-associated phenotype. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5169.
Fast atrial fibrillation induced by azathioprine
Authors: P C Chijioke
Journal: BMJ (1985)

It is unlikely that this evidence will be persuasive justification for computerising repeat prescribing.Much more convincing are likely to be the other improvements identified by Dr Roland and col- leagues, in particular better information recorded about repeat prescribing and the opportunities that computers can offer for audit and clinical review.'These, unfortunately, are likely to create work for the doctor, not save it.
The recombinant lectin-like domain of thrombomodulin inhibits angiogenesis through interaction with Lewis Y antigen
Authors: Cheng-Hsiang Kuo, Po-Ku Chen, Bi-Ing Chang, Meng-Chen Sung, Chung-Sheng Shi, Jeng-Shin Lee, Chuan-Fa Chang, Guey-Yueh Shi, Hua-Lin Wu
Journal: Blood (2011)
The Transcription Factor T-bet Is Induced by Multiple Pathways and Prevents an Endogenous Th2 Cell Program during Th1 Cell Responses
Authors: Jinfang Zhu, Dragana Jankovic, Andrew J. Oler, Gang Wei, Suveena Sharma, Gangqing Hu, Liying Guo, Ryoji Yagi, Hidehiro Yamane, George Punkosdy, Lionel Feigenbaum, Keji Zhao, William E. Paul
Journal: Immunity (2012)
P3-026: A novel Bayesian dose-escalation Phase Ib study design investigating combination of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor RAD001 with standard chemotherapy in patients with lung cancer
Authors: Lilla Di Scala, Ilona Pylvánáinen, Betty Molloy, Tiffany Kunz, Neil Miller, Pieter Proot, Sasa Dimitrijevic, Emmanuel Zuber
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
STUDY OF THE COLLATERAL CIRCULATION IN SOME CASES OF SPONTANEOUS GANGRENE OF THE FOOT
Authors: JAMES E. THOMPSON
Journal: JAMA (1913)

When disease interferes with the volume of blood which passes along an artery, the tissues which its terminal branches supply receive less blood than they have been accustomed to. An urgent call passes to the central nervous system, which results in the dilatation of the collateral channels.  On the ability of the collateral channels to carry sufficient blood to the parts demanding it depends their life. It is almost a universal rule that physiologic processes are more than adequate to meet emergencies, for Nature has been generous in this respect; so we find that in the majority of cases arterial blood passes around the obstruction without difficulty and that the peripheral tissues do not suffer materially from the loss of their direct blood-supply.  When the blood-vessels of a limb are healthy, occlusion of the main artery at any one point is rarely followed by more than a temporary anemia of
Paediatricians debate a motion of no confidence in General Medical Council
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

UK paediatricians will debate a motion of no confidence in the General Medical Council's handling of disciplinary cases involving child protection work, at their professional association's forthcoming meeting.The motion has been put forward by 32 members of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health and will be tabled at the college's annual spring meeting, to be held at York University from 14 April.Many but not all of the motion's signatories are members of Professionals Against Child Abuse, a group formed last year in response to high profile GMC cases against paediatricians.The motion argues that paediatricians are more harshly treated than other specialties, citing cases in which other doctors escaped removal from the register after convictions for assaulting children and viewing child pornography.The motion also accuses the GMC of giving too much weight to serial and vexatious complaints by campaigners and of failing to consider previous investigations that have exonerated paediatricians when starting proceedings against them.This constitutes double jeopardy, the paediatricians argue.Paul Davis, a consultant paediatrician in Cardiff and one of the signatories, said the fear of being struck off was a "powerful deterrent" in discouraging professionals from giving expert testimony and from making child protection referrals."The numbers on the child protection register have declined sharply," he said.A spokesperson for the GMC said, "It is extremely rare for a paediatrician to appear before a panel in connection with child protection work.Since 2004 panels have considered more than 600 cases.Only two could reasonably be said to have been about paediatricians involved in child protection work.Our critics are trying to create the impression that the GMC is intent on unfairly persecuting paediatricians involved in child protection work.Nothing could be further from the truth." Paediatricians debate a motion of no confidence in GMCUK NEWS Review shows growing trend for trials of new cancer drugs to stop early, p 793 WoRld NEWS Germany "has two tier health service" p 796 bmj.comCompany's decision to lengthen lipid lowering trial causes controversy
Statin Treatment After Onset of Sepsis in a Murine Model Improves Survival
Authors: Marc W. Merx, Elisa A. Liehn, Jürgen Graf, Annette van de Sandt, Maren Schaltenbrand, Jürgen Schrader, Peter Hanrath, Christian Weber
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— HMG-CoA-reductase inhibitors have been shown to exhibit pronounced immunomodulatory effects independent of lipid lowering. We have recently demonstrated that pretreatment with simvastatin profoundly improves survival in a cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) model of sepsis. Here, we studied whether treatment with simvastatin after onset of sepsis-induced hemodynamic alterations is beneficial and whether prolonged survival can also be achieved with other statins. Methods and Results— Mice were rendered septic by CLP. At 6 hours after sepsis induction, when profound hemodynamic alterations were manifest, treatment with atorvastatin, fluvastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, or placebo was initiated. Except for fluvastatin (27±2.3 hours), survival time was extended from 23±1.2 hours for placebo-treated mice to 37±3.6 hours for simvastatin-treated, to 40±4.2 hours for atorvastatin-treated, and to 39±3.9 hours for pravastatin-treated mice. This profound improvement is based on the preservation of cardiac function and hemodynamic status in statin-treated animals, both of which are severely impaired in untreated CLP mice. As underlying mechanisms, improved susceptibility to endothelial nitric oxide synthase stimulation and reduced endothelial adhesion of leukocytes could be demonstrated after statin treatment. Conclusions— Well established in the treatment of lipid disorders and coronary artery disease, statins harbor the additional and novel potential of effective sepsis treatment. This benefit extends to several but not all statins tested.
Potential Uses of Biomonitoring Data: A Case Study Using the Organophosphorus Pesticides Chlorpyrifos and Malathion
Authors: Dana B. Barr, Jürgen Angerer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

BackgroundOrganophosphorus pesticides such as chlorpyrifos and malathion are widely used insecticides. They do not bioaccumulate appreciably in humans and are rapidly metabolized and excreted in the urine. In nonoccupational settings, exposures to these pesticides are typically sporadic and short-lived because the pesticides tend to degrade in the environment over time; however, dietary exposures may be more chronic. Biologic monitoring has been widely used to assess exposures, susceptibility, and effects of chlorpyrifos and malathion; thus, the information base on these compounds is data rich. For biomonitoring of exposure, chlorpyrifos and malathion have been measured in blood, but most typically their urinary metabolites have been measured. For assessing early effects and susceptibility, cholinesterase and microsomal esterase activities, respectively, have been measured.ObjectivesAlthough many biologic monitoring data have been generated and published on these chemicals, their interpretation is not straightforward. For example, exposure to environmental degradates of chlorpyrifos and malathion may potentially increase f urinary metabolite levels, thus leading to overestimation of exposure. Also, the temporal nature of the exposures makes the evaluation of both exposure and effects difficult. We present an overview of the current biomonitoring and other relevant data available on exposure to chlorpyrifos and malathion and the use of these data in various environmental public health applications.
Osteoporosis of Lumbar Vertebrae and Calcification of Abdominal Aorta in Women Living in Durban
Authors: C. E. Dent, H. E. Engelbrecht, R. C. Godfrey
Journal: BMJ (1968)

To try to establish whether mechanical stress and muscular activity in earlier life influence the incidence and severity of spinal osteoporosis in old age lateral x-ray films of the lumbar vertebrae were obtained from three matched groups, each of 100 women 50 to 90 years old. Group A was of rural Bantu accustomed to carrying heavy loads on their heads. Group B was of urban Bantu, mainly in domestic service. Group C was of women of European origin.Severe osteoporosis occurred in three cases from group A, two from group B, and 14 from group C. Lesser degrees of osteoporosis could not be assessed precisely enough for inclusion in these figures. Evenly biconcave vertebral bodies, strongly suggestive of osteomalacia, were seen in 10 from group A, five from group B, and one from group C. In many Bantu subjects the fifth lumbar vertebra appeared flattened though of good radiodensity and with no marked changes in the other vertebrae. Twenty-eight of these were from group A, 16 from group B, and none from group C.About a third of each group showed severe degenerative changes in the spine; another third showed milder changes. More cases of spondylolisthesis occurred in the Bantu groups than in the white group. Severe calcification in the abdominal aorta was noted in 24 women in group C. Mild signs occurred in 35 further women from group C, in six from group B, and in only one from group A.
Retinopathy Predicts Cardiovascular Mortality in Type 2 Diabetic Men and Women
Authors: Giovanni Targher, Lorenzo Bertolini, Giacomo Zoppini, Giuseppe Lippi, Luciano Zenari
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

We read with interest the recent article by Juutilainen et al. (1) showing that proliferative retinopathy in both sexes and nonproliferative retinopathy in women independently predict all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-associated death. The authors have cautiously concluded that the sex difference observed in the association between nonproliferative retinopathy and cardiovascular death needs to be confirmed in larger studies. Indeed, I think the relatively low frequency of retinopathy (23%) and the relatively high cut-off chosen for diagnosing hypertension (blood pressure ≥160/95 mmHg or treatment) could be …
Hepatitis A virus vaccination in persons with hepatitis C virus infection: Consequences of quality measure implementation
Authors: Ian A. Rowe, Richard Parker, Matthew J. Armstrong, Diarmaid D. Houlihan, David J. Mutimer
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) superinfection in persons with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been associated with a high mortality rate, and vaccination is recommended. The incidence of HAV is low, and the aim of this study was to determine the mortality risk of HAV superinfection and the consequences of routine vaccination in persons with HCV infection. To determine the mortality risk of HAV superinfection, a meta-analysis including studies reporting mortality in HCV-infected persons was performed. Data were extracted independently by two investigators and recorded on a standardized spreadsheet. The pooled mortality estimate was used to determine the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent mortality from HAV superinfection. The total vaccine cost was also calculated. A total of 239 studies were identified using a defined search strategy. Of these, 11 appeared to be relevant, and of these, 10 were suitable for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for mortality risk in HAV superinfection of HCV-infected persons was 7.23 (95% confidence interval: 1.24-42.12) with significant heterogeneity (I(2) = 56%; P = 0.03) between studies. Using the pooled OR for mortality, this translates to 1.4 deaths per 1,000,000 susceptible persons with HCV per year. The NNV to prevent one death per year is therefore 814,849, assuming 90% vaccine uptake and 94.3% vaccine efficiency. The vaccine cost for this totals $162 million, or $80.1 million per death prevented per year.These data challenge the use of routine HAV vaccination in HCV-infected persons and its incorporation into clinical practice guidelines. HAV vaccination of all HCV-infected persons is costly and likely to expose many individuals to an intervention that is of no direct benefit.
FDA bans blood donation by people who have lived in UK
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has imposed a ban on blood donations from anyone who has spent more than six months in Britain from 1980 to 1997 because of the possible risk of transmitting the human form of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, known as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD)

The exclusion dates coincide with the time when exposure to CJD was considered to be at its peak in the …
Therapy of the Hypereosinophilic Syndrome
Authors: JOSEPH E. PARRILLO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Previous studies of patients with the hypereosinophilic syndrome have found very significant morbidity and a high mortality of 77% at 3 years. Our study analyzes the therapy and prognosis of 26 patients with the hypereosinophilic syndrome. Five patients showed no evidence of progressive organ-system dysfunction and were given no therapy; all have done well. Sixteen patients with progressive organ dysfunction were treated with corticosteroids; six of the 16 had a good response and needed no further therapy. Five patients were treated with various chemotherapeutic agents that proved to be ineffective. In eight patients who were unresponsive to corticosteroid therapy, hydroxyurea produced excellent responses in six and partial responses in two. With the above regimen, our 26 patients (including 12 with poor prognostic indicators) have had a marked increase in survival (3-year mortality of 4%) when compared with the historical control group.
Strategies for reducing coronary heart disease and desirable limits for blood lipid concentrations: guidelines of the British Hyperlipidaemia Association.
Authors: J Shepherd, D J Betteridge, P Durrington, M Laker, B Lewis, J Mann, J P Miller, J P Reckless, G R Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Mortality from coronary heart disease has changed appreciably in several countries over the past two decades.Some countries, such as the United States, Finland, Australia, and Israel, have shown dramatic reductions while others, mainly in eastern Europe, have shown the opposite trend.Such shifts in the mortality from this disease over only a short time are partly the result of changes in the prevalence in the community of the three main risk factors: cigarette smoking, high blood lipid concentrations, and hypertension.Decreases in their prevalences have been attributed to the success ofnational policies aimed at the general population to
"Foot dragging" by the West threatens drugs deal for poorer countries
Authors: F. Fleck
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Campaigners fighting to give poorer countries facing health crises access to affordable medicines have accused richer nations of back pedalling and foot dragging on commitments made at last November's ministerial meeting of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in Doha, capital of the Gulf state of Qatar.

The United States and the European Union's 15 member states pledged to ease the WTO's rules on patents, so that drugs such as antiretrovirals for combatting HIV infection and AIDS could be produced to meet urgent public health needs in the world's poorer countries.

Under the so called Doha Declaration, members of the WTO gave themselves until the end of the year to come up with a solution.

But campaigners said that proposals made …
Let's be clear. Violence is a public health problem
Authors: M. L. Rosenberg
Journal: JAMA (1992)

WE have worked for more than 10 years in the US Public Health Service to clarify the patterns of violence through surveillance and research and to identify and evaluate interventions to prevent and reduce the impact of violence. It is time to be clear about what we mean by violence and why we believe that violence is a public health problem. Violence is the intentional use of physical force against another person or against oneself, which either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury or death. Violence includes suicidal acts as well as interpersonal violence such as rape, assault, child abuse, or elder abuse. Fatal violence results in suicides and homicides. The term<i>violence</i>has been used to connote both a subset of behaviors (which produce injuries) and outcomes (ie, the injuries themselves). We use<i>violence</i>to refer to a particular class of behaviors that cause
Hormone Combination Treats Women's Bone Loss
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1994)

TWO RECENT investigations of the use of androgen plus estrogen by postmenopausal women have shown that the hormone combination may, according to one study, stimulate bone formation and, per the other, increase bone mineral density. The research was reported at the fifth annual meeting of the North American Menopause Society, held in Washington, DC. The finding of the study presented by Lawrence G. Raisz, MD, professor and chair, Department of Endocrinology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, if confirmed, is held to be the first in which markers of bone formation were measured in women given an estrogen-androgen combination. The results are of interest because there is no drug approved in the United States as safe and effective that increases bone formation, although drugs are approved for this purpose in many European countries. The study compared a group of 13 women 50 to 80 years of age treated with
Vemurafenib Cooperates with HPV to Promote Initiation of Cutaneous Tumors
Authors: Matthew Holderfield, Edward Lorenzana, Ben Weisburd, Lisa Lomovasky, Lise Boussemart, Ludovic Lacroix, Gorana Tomasic, Michel Favre, Stephan Vagner, Caroline Robert, Majid Ghoddusi, Dylan Daniel, Nancy Pryer, Frank McCormick, Darrin Stuart
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Treatment with RAF inhibitors such as vemurafenib causes the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCC) or keratoacanthomas as a side effect in 18% to 30% of patients. It is known that RAF inhibitors activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and stimulate growth of RAS-mutated cells, possibly accounting for up to 60% of cSCC or keratoacanthoma lesions with RAS mutations, but other contributing events are obscure. To identify such events, we evaluated tumors from patients treated with vemurafenib for the presence of human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA and identified 13% to be positive. Using a transgenic murine model of HPV-driven cSCC (K14-HPV16 mice), we conducted a functional test to determine whether administration of RAF inhibitors could promote cSCC in HPV-infected tissues. Vemurafenib treatment elevated MAPK markers and increased cSCC incidence from 22% to 70% in this model. Furthermore, 55% of the cSCCs arising in vemurafenib-treated mice exhibited a wild-type Ras genotype, consistent with the frequency observed in human patients. Our results argue that HPV cooperates with vemurafenib to promote tumorigenesis, in either the presence or absence of RAS mutations.