tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
New Patterns of Serum Hepatitis.
Authors: James W. Mosley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1965)

s1 November 1965New Patterns of Serum Hepatitis.James W. Mosley, M.D.James W. Mosley, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-63-5-914_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTwo recent reports indicate that about one fourth of cases of transfusion-associated viral hepatitis have incubation periods compatible with the infectious rather than serum form of this disease. To obtain additional information concerning the etiology of this complication of transfusional therapy, the data available to the Communicable Disease Center from states cooperating in the hepatitis surveillance program have been reviewed.In patients developing viral hepatitis after receiving only whole blood or unpooled derivatives, incubation periods show a unimodal distribution skewed to the right. The median incubation period in this group is 56 days. In those receiving only pooled plasma or... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: James W. Mosley, M.D.Affiliations: Atlanta, Georgia PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1965Volume 63, Issue 5Page: 914-914KeywordsBloodBlood plasmaEtiologyHepatitisHepatitis AInfectious disease surveillanceInfectious diseasesInfectious hepatitisPatient advocacyViral diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1965 PDF downloadLoading ...
Cytomegalovirus Infections of Man
Authors: Marc Gurwith
Journal: JAMA (1972)

The human cytomegalovirus (CMV) are members of the herpes-like virus group, and share some of the virologically interesting properties of that group, such as latent infection over a long period, recrudescence of infection in the face of preexisting circulating antibody, and the propensity to cause disease in compromised hosts. The human CMV are also a major cause of congenital viral infections, and virus-induced neonatal morbidity. This monograph, prompted by the First International Conference on Cytomegalovirus Infections, July 1970, St. Gall, Switzerland, is a comprehensive and current review and synthesis of the literature on human CMV infections. The data reviewed are more easily available than those usually found in this type of work, due to the compilation of information from numerous sources into easily comprehended, referenced tables that summarize the clinical and virologic studies. However, the comprehensive approach also becomes a drawback, leading, for example, to a somewhat uncritical discussion of
Abstract A27: The ovarian tumor tissue analysis (OTTA) consortium
Authors: Susan J. Ramus, Martin Köbel, Weiva Sieh, Michael S. Anglesio, Joshua Millstein, David D. Bowtell, James D. Brenton, Estrid Høgdall, Paul DP Pharoah, Ellen L. Goode, David G. Huntsman
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Our understanding of ovarian cancer is complicated by disease heterogeneity. There are five major histological types, each with alterations in different pathways and distinct clinical outcomes. Even within these histological types there is clinical and molecular heterogeneity. The Ovarian Tumor Tissue Analysis (OTTA) consortium was established to validate prognostic markers for ovarian cancer in a large population of patients to allow stratification by histological type and molecular subtype. OTTA is currently a collaboration among 38 studies and has tissue microarrays (TMAs) from over 8,000 tumors available for immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. In addition formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue on slides or cores are available from the majority of OTTA studies for DNA and RNA analysis. Approximatley 60% of the cases are part of the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC) and have genotype data on over 200,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms and extensive epidemiological data. We recently performed IHC analysis of 12 markers using centralised staining and scoring to reduce heterogeneity and improve power to validate biomarkers. We showed that estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor were prognostic markers for endometrioid and high-grade serous carcinomas by performing the first robust subtype-specific analyses of these biomarkers in nearly 3000 patients. In contrast, FOLR1 expression was not associated with survival in 1507 high-grade serous carcinomas. We have shown that FFPE material from OTTA is suitable for RNA expression analysis on high through-put platforms such as the NanoString GX system. Expression analysis of 50 candidate genes in 244 high grade serous ovarian cancer cases has validated prognostic markers identified by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project and investigated a series of novel candidate genes. IHC and RNA expression profiling from formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue is being used to better subclassify the ovarian tumors for further analysis. We would welcome groups with collections of ovarian tumor samples and corrsponding clinical data to join OTTA and participate in ongoing collaborative projects. Citation Format: Susan J. Ramus, Martin Köbel, Weiva Sieh, Michael S. Anglesio, Joshua Millstein, David D. Bowtell, James D. Brenton, Estrid Høgdall, Paul DP Pharoah, Ellen L. Goode, David G. Huntsman. The ovarian tumor tissue analysis (OTTA) consortium. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A27.
CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY IN THE PRESENCE OF ACHYLIA GASTRICA
Authors: LAURENCE E. HINES
Journal: JAMA (1928)

The great value of cholecystography as an aid in the diagnosis of gallbladder disease has been demonstrated by a large number of favorable reports during the past four years. The limitations of the test have been studied to some extent, principally by Graham,<sup>1</sup>the originator of the method, who warns us to be cautious about interpreting slight variations in the filling and emptying of the gallbladder as evidence of disease. He believes that cholecystography is a means of studying the functional activity of the gallbladder rather than a method which depicts either a normal condition or one of disease. His warning against overenthusiasm for the test is warranted, because errors in interpretation may easily occur as a result of incomplete knowledge of the function and mechanism of the gallbladder. The inaccessibility of the region for the application of the roentgen ray may also contribute to errors of interpretation, particularly
Series Introduction: Taking aim at novel molecular targets in cancer therapy
Authors: William G. Kaelin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

During the past 2 decades our understanding of the molecular basis of cancer has grown exponentially.In contrast, this period has witnessed only modest improvements in the treatment of the most common forms of cancer.This issue of the JCI contains the first 2 of a series of papers devoted to translating our growing understanding into new drugs to treat cancer patients.Cancer remains a leading cause of death in this country.Next year over 500,000 Americans will die of this disease.In addition, cancer also causes a great deal of emotional and physical suffering.Since 1971, when President Richard Nixon signed the National Cancer Act, there have been dramatic improvements in outcomes for patients with selected cancers, such as childhood leukemia and testicular cancer, and we have seen measurable, but modest, improvement in outcomes for cancer patients in general.However, the treatment of the most common forms of cancer, such as lung cancer, breast cancer, and colon cancer, remains abysmal for patients whose disease cannot be controlled by surgery.Clearly, we need to develop costeffective strategies to diagnose patients earlier.In addition, we need drugs that will either prevent the emergence of malignant cells or eradicate existing ones.The list of FDA-approved drugs added to the cancer physician's armamentarium during the past 2 decades is painfully short and includes drugs such as etoposide, carboplatin, paclitaxel (Taxol), topotecan, and gemcitabine, none of which was devised based on a working understanding of the genetic abnormalities that lead to cancer.Rather, these drugs, like most chemotherapeutic agents, were identified based on their ability to kill dividing cells.This limited approach at least partly accounts for the meager therapeutic index associated with most such drugs available today.Indeed, arguably the biggest advances in the medical treatment of cancer over the past 2 decades relate to the development of drugs, such as potent antiemetics and hematopoietic growth factors, that aim to treat or prevent the side effects associated with chemotherapy.Now, however, a picture of the molecular basis of cancer is emerging.This picture remains fuzzy and incomplete, so the choice of molecular drug targets, while less empirical than in the past, will likely remain an imprecise science in the near future.It is clear, however, that cancer cells must overcome multiple obstacles to proliferate in vivo.These obstacles arise because of molecular safeguards that prevent cells from growing at the wrong time or place.Some of these safeguards are cell-intrinsic.Others involve complex interactions between cells and their microenvironment.
Osteoporosis in a Woman of the Early Bronze Age
Authors: P Frigo, C Lang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Figure 1. Panel A shows the skeleton of a person buried at Unterhautzental, Austria, in the early Bronze Age (between 2200 and 1600 B.C.), and Panel B the results of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry of the hip. It was determined that the person was a woman who died at about 45 years of age, given the degree of closure of the cranial sutures and the configuration of the skull, teeth, and pelvis. The bone mineral density of the femoral neck (rectangle) was 0.831 g per square centimeter. The mean (±SD) value for all 14 women of a similar age who were . . .
Abstract 1931: A potential antitumor herb medicine, Corilagin, inhibits ovarian cancer cell growth by blockage of TGF-β/AKT/ERK signaling pathways
Authors: Luoqi Jia, Hongyan Jin, Jiayi Zhou, Lianghua Chen, Yiling Lu, Yanling Ming, Yinhua Yu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Recently, we have identified that Corilagin is a major anti-tumor active component extracted from a well-known hepatoprotective and antiviral medicinal herb, Phyllanthus niruri L. Corilagin distinctly inhibited the growth of ovarian cancer cell lines SKOv3ip, Hey and HO-8910PM, with IC50s less than 20µg/ml, while displayed the low toxicity against normal ovarian surface epithelium (OSE), with IC50s around 100µg/ml. Corilagin induced cell cycle arrest at G2 stage and enhanced apoptosis in Hey cancer cells. To explore its anti-tumor activity in vivo, Corilagin was delivered intra-peritoneally to the mice bearing SKOv3ip xenograft. Although no statistical difference observed on mice weight between untreated and Corilagin treated groups, xenograft tumor growth was significantly restarted by 15µg/mL of Corilagin treated group comparing to untreated control group (p&amp;lt;0.05). To understand the anti-tumor mechanisms of Corilagin, we performed reverse phase protein array (RPPA) analysis using untreated and Corilagen treated HO-8910PM cells, and the results were confirmed by Western blots. We have found that Corilagin blocked the activation of multiple signaling cascades, such as, pAKT and pERK. Particularly, Corilagin inhibits TGF-β secretion in the culture supernatant of all tested ovarian cancer cell lines and blocks the stabilization of Snail induced by TGF-β in HO-8910PM cells. In contrast, reduction of TGF-β secretion was not observed in cytotoxic drug Taxol-treated cancer cells, suggesting that Corilagin specifically targets TGF-β secretion. TGF-β signaling plays a critical role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer metastasis. High concentration of TGF-β had been detected in ascites, blood and other body fluids of ovarian cancer patients. In addition, our recent studies identified that TGF-β being the most important inflammation factor in ovarian cancer, which stabilizes at the protein level of Snail, an inducer of EMT, and further enhanced Snail expression when combined with other inflammation factors. TGF-β is regulated by Smads, but could also be regulated by AKT/ERK signaling pathways. Our observations indicate that Corilagin extracted from Phyllanthus niruri L. acts as an effective natural targeted therapeutic agent against the growth of ovarian cancer cells via TGF-β/AKT/ERK signaling pathways. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1931. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1931
LATE GADOLINIUM ENHANCEMENT BY CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE CAN PREDICT THE NON-RESPONDERS TO β-BLOCKER IN PATIENTS WITH DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Shiro Nakamori, Tairo Kurita, Takashi Tanigawa, Kei Sato, Hiroshi Nakajima, Yasutaka Ichikawa, Koji Matsuoka, Katsuya Onishi, Hajime Sakuma, Masaaki Ito
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Tricyclic Antidepressant Plasma Levels in Overdose
Authors: Matthew V. Rudorfer
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In his editorial on laboratory testing, Samuel Vaisrub, MD (1980;244:592), cogently weighs the positive and negative aspects of routine lidocaine serum concentration measurement in a coronary care unit (CCU) setting. However, I take issue with his related comments on assay of tricyclic antidepressant (TAD) plasma levels after overdose. As his sole reference, Vaisrub cites a study<sup>1</sup>in which no correlation was found between TAD plasma levels and several clinical manifestations in eight patients during the first 24 hours after TAD overdose. The major limitation of that study is the relative mildness of the overdoses followed. Only one patient had development of potentially life-threatening respiratory and cardiac sequelae, with maximum total TAD level observed at any time in any subject of 740 ng/mL. Thus, it is not surprising that the negative findings of this report stand in stark contrast to those of Petit et al,<sup>2</sup>who noted
NHS England must involve patients in commissioning decisions, judge says
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Background:</b> Epigenetics refers to heritable changes in the genome function unrelated to changes in genome sequence. Epigenetic changes may occur directly to the DNA (methylation) or as a post-translation modification (PTM) of the histones. Of which, the most well understood is acetylation. Primary human airway smooth muscle (hASM) cells from COPD patients have augmented ECM production compared to those cells of non-COPD smokers, possibly due to epigenetic changes. Aims &amp; <b>Objectives:</b> Determine the effect of DNA and histone methylation, and histone acetylation on ECM protein production by hASM cells. <b>Methods:</b> COPD hASM cells were stimulated with TGFβ (10ng/ml) with or without Trichostatin A, JQ1, GSK-LSD1, 5-azacytidine, and Curcumin. Samples were collected after 48hr and analysed using qPCR to measure FN1 and COL8A1 expression. <b>Results:</b> JQ1+ treatment significantly reduces TGFβ induced COL8A1and FN1 gene expression from cells of COPD patients whilst the inactive enantiomer (JQ1-) does not. Thereby, suggesting that histone acetylation plays a role in excessive ECM production by COPD cells. The other modes of epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, shown in figure 1A, did not significantly affect TGFb-induced expression of FN1 and col8a1. No compounds studied affected cell survival. <b>Conclusions:</b> These data suggest the potential for targeting histone acetylation, but not histone methylation, in preventing small airway fibrosis in COPD.
Palpable breast masses. The importance of preoperative mammography
Authors: D. B. Kopans
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Mammography has a significant role to play before any breast surgery is performed. Ten cases are described to illustrate five benefits: (1) confirm the presence of an evident neoplasm, (2) define the three breast masses that do not require biopsy, (3) demonstrate ipsilateral multicentricity of breast cancer, (4) discover occult contralateral cancer, and (5) detect occult malignant neoplasia elsewhere in a breast having a mass excised or reconstruction performed. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:2819-2822)
Futility and Avoidance: Medical Professionals in the Treatment of Obesity
Authors: Leora Schachter
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In his article entitled "Futility and Avoidance: Medical Professionals in the Treatment of Obesity,"<sup>1</sup>Dr Frank compares physicians' attitudes toward obesity with their attitudes toward other chronic disorders. The difference is probably due to the feeling of competence most physicians have when faced with a patient with diabetes or a patient with any other chronic disorder for which treatment protocols have been specified.<sup>2</sup>If obesity is to be treated in the same manner as any other chronic disorder, it is vital that treatment protocols be formed and made known. This will give physicians a clear idea of the state of the art regarding obesity treatment and stengthen their feeling of competence in treating their obese patients.<sup>3</sup>
Carotid Atherosclerosis and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Giovanni Targher
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2006)

Letters1 August 2006Carotid Atherosclerosis and Rheumatoid ArthritisGiovanni Targher, MDGiovanni Targher, MDFrom Sacro Cuore Hospital, 37024 Negrar (VR), Italy.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-145-3-200608010-00014 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR: Roman and colleagues (1) concluded that compared with matched control participants, patients with rheumatoid arthritis have a much higher prevalence of ultrasonographically determined carotid atherosclerotic plaque independent of a broad spectrum of potential confounders. Unexpectedly, they did not find a significant association between the levels of plasma inflammatory markers (that is, C-reactive protein and some endothelial adhesion molecules) and carotid artery intima–media thickness and plaque among patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Nevertheless, the authors postulated that the biological mechanisms by which premature atherosclerosis develops in rheumatoid arthritis could be largely mediated by underlying chronic inflammation.Given the cross-sectional ...Reference1. Roman MJ, Moeller E, Davis A, Paget SA, Crow MK, Lockshin MD, et al. Preclinical carotid atherosclerosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144:249-56. [PMID: 16490910] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Sacro Cuore Hospital, 37024 Negrar (VR), Italy.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPreclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Mary J. Roman , Elfi Moeller , Adrienne Davis , Stephen A. Paget , Mary K. Crow , Michael D. Lockshin , Lisa Sammaritano , Richard B. Devereux , Joseph E. Schwartz , Daniel M. Levine , and Jane E. Salmon Carotid Atherosclerosis and Rheumatoid Arthritis Jane E. Salmon , Stephen A. Paget , and Mary J. Roman Metrics 1 August 2006Volume 145, Issue 3Page: 231KeywordsAtheromasAtherosclerosisAutoantibodiesC-reactive proteinsCarotid arteriesConflicts of interestForecastingInflammationPathogensRheumatoid arthritis ePublished: 1 August 2006 Issue Published: 1 August 2006 CopyrightCopyright © 2006 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
THE TREATMENT OF PNEUMONIA.
Authors: N. S. DAVIS
Journal: JAMA (1902)

<h3>THE INCREASE OF PNEUMONIA.</h3> The mortality from croupous pneumonia has been increasing for many years; for instance, in Chicago, in 1852, deaths from pneumonia constituted 1.66 per cent. of those from all causes; ten years later 3.40 per cent.; in 1872, 4.55 per cent.; at the end of another decade 6.26 per cent.; in 1892, 9.14 per cent., and in 1902, approximately, 12 per cent. If I had quoted the annual percentage mortality from this disease its steady increase would have been emphasized still more. However, Chicago is not peculiar in this, for statistics show that in all civilized countries pneumonia has been increasingly prevalent and fatal. Naturally we ask, who is responsible for this—the physician, the patient or the disease? Are we less successful than our ancestors were in the management of the malady? <h3>HISTORICAL SURVEY.</h3> Although the word pneumonia has been in use for many centuries, it was
Effect of colchicine and phalloidin on the distribution of three plasma membrane antigens in rat hepatocytes: Comparison with bile duct ligation
Authors: Anne-Marie Durand-Schneider, Michèle Maurice, Micheline Dumont, Gérard Feldmann
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

The hepatocyte plasma membrane presents a morphological and functional regionalization into three domains: the sinusoidal; the lateral, and the canalicular. The mechanisms responsible for the biogenesis and maintenance of this regionalization are poorly understood. In this work, we have used colchicine and phalloidin, two drugs known to interfere with the secretory processes in hepatocytes, to study whether they also affect the transport of membrane proteins. The localization of three plasma membrane antigens was studied by light and electron microscopy using monoclonal antibodies identifying either the sinusoidal (A39) or the lateral (B1) or the canalicular (B10) domains in normal hepatocytes. In rats injected with colchicine (0.25 mg per 100 gm), A39 moved from the sinusoidal membrane to the lateral and canalicular ones, whereas B10 was displaced from the canalicular to the sinusoidal and lateral membranes, resulting after 8 hr in an almost equal labeling of the three domains with both antibodies. In rats injected daily for 7 days with phalloidin (50 micrograms per 100 gm), A 39 became mainly localized on the bile canalicular membrane instead of the sinusoidal one; B10 predominated on the canalicular membrane as in controls but in places it labeled the sinusoidal and lateral domains as well. In bile duct-ligated rats studied for comparison for 4, 10 or 21 days, A39 and B10 localizations evolved as after phalloidin, but the changes were more marked. B1 was not affected by any of the treatments. In conclusion, colchicine, phalloidin and bile duct ligation do not seem to hinder the antigens in reaching the plasma membrane, but induce a redistribution of two of them, suggesting a disturbance in the biogenesis and/or control of the plasma membrane regionalization. Such an abnormal distribution could be involved in--or contribute to--the initiation of cholestasis.
484 IMPACT OF HIV-COINFECTION ON THE OUTCOME OF VIRAL CIRRHOSIS LIVER TRANSPLANT CANDIDATES AT A REFERENCE CENTER FROM 2001–2008 AND PREDICTORS OF POST-TRANSPLANT SURVIVAL
Authors: Ana Moreno, R. Bárcena, S. del Campo, A. Muriel, C. Quereda, J. Graus, M.J. Pérez-Elías, J. Fortun, C. Blesa, A. Martinez, M. Arevalillo, Alberto Moreno, M.L. Mateos, S. Moreno
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)