tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Body dysmorphic disorder in men
Authors: K. A Phillips, D. J Castle
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Body image isn't just a women's problem. Many studies reveal that a surprisingly high proportion of men are dissatisfied with, preoccupied with, and even impaired by concerns about their appearance.1 One American study, for example, found that the percentage of men dissatisfied with their overall appearance (43%) has nearly tripled in the past 25 years and that nearly as many men as women are unhappy with how they look.1

A more severe form of body image disturbance—body dysmorphic disorder or dysmorphophobia—is an underrecognised yet relatively common and severe psychiatric disorder.2 Body dysmorphic disorder affects as many men as women 3 4 and consists of a preoccupation with an imagined or slight defect in appearance that causes clinically significant distress or impairment in functioning. Patients with body dysmorphic disorder often present to non-psychiatric physicians, with reported rates of 12% in dermatology settings and 7-15% in cosmetic surgery settings.5 Although the symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder might …
Rules on gene therapy are tightened after leukaemia alert
Authors: S. Hargreaves
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The UK Department of Health's gene therapy advisory committee (GTAC) has this week recommended that additional measures be put in place to protect patients undergoing gene therapy trials.

This comes in response to the suspension of gene therapy trials at Necker Hospital, Paris, when a boy being treated for X linked severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCID) developed leukaemia.

The committee was alerted to the case on 16 September and …
Prediction of osteoporotic fractures by postural instability and bone density.
Authors: T Nguyen, P Sambrook, P Kelly, G Jones, S Lord, J Freund, J Eisman
Journal: BMJ (1993)

To investigate the utility of risk factors such as bone mineral density, lifestyle, and postural stability in the prediction of osteoporotic fractures.Longitudinal, epidemiological, and population based survey.City of Dubbo, New South Wales.All residents of Dubbo aged > or = 60 on 1 January 1989.Incidence of fracture for individual subjects.The overall incidence of atraumatic fractures in men and women was 1.9% and 3.1% per annum respectively. The predominant sites of fracture were hip (18.9%), distal radius (18.5%), ribs and humerus (11.9% in each case), and ankle and foot (9.1% and 6.6% respectively). Major predictors of fractures in men and women were femoral neck bone mineral density, body sway, and quadriceps strength. Age, years since menopause, height, weight, and lifestyle factors were also correlated with bone mineral density and body sway and hence were indirect risk factors for fracture. Discriminant function analysis correctly identified 96% and 93% (sensitivities 88% and 81%) of men and women, respectively, who subsequently developed atraumatic fractures. Predictions based on this model indicated that a woman with a bone mineral density in the lowest quartile in the hip together with high body sway had a 8.4% probability of fracture per annum. This represented an almost 14-fold increase in risk of fracture compared with a woman in the highest bone mineral density quartile with low postural sway. An individual with all three predictors in the "highest risk" quartile had a 13.1% risk of fracture per annum.Bone mineral density, body sway, and muscle strength are independent and powerful synergistic predictors of fracture incidence.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia After Adjuvant Breast Cancer Therapy in Older Women: Understanding Risk
Authors: Debra A. Patt, Zhigang Duan, Shenying Fang, Gabriel N. Hortobagyi, Sharon H. Giordano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer in older women. Patients and Methods Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare linked database were used for women diagnosed with nonmetastatic breast cancer from 1992 to 2002. The primary end point was a claim with an inpatient or outpatient diagnosis of AML (International Classification of Diseases ninth revision, codes 205 to 208), comparing patients treated with and without adjuvant chemotherapy, and by differing chemotherapy regimens. The cumulative hazard of AML was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine factors independently associated with the development of AML. Results In this observational study, there were 64,715 patients: 10,130 received adjuvant chemotherapy and 54,585 did not. The median patient age was 75.6 years (range, 66 to 104 years). The mean follow-up was 54.8 months (range, 13 to 144 months). The absolute risk of developing AML at 10 years after any adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer was 1.8% versus 1.2% for women who had not received chemotherapy. The adjusted hazard ratio for AML with adjuvant chemotherapy versus none was 1.53 (95% CI, 1.14 to 2.06). Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) within the first year of diagnosis did not convey a significantly increased risk of AML (hazard ratio, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.67 to 1.92). Conclusion There is a small but real increase in AML after adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer in older women. This study may underestimate the true incidence because myelodysplastic syndrome cannot be identified through claims. G-CSF use within the first year of diagnosis does not convey an increased risk of AML in older women.
Induction or expansion of T-cell responses by a hepatitis B DNA vaccine administered to chronic HBV carriers
Authors: Maryline Mancini-Bourgine, Hélène Fontaine, Daniel Scott-Algara, Stanislas Pol, Christian Bréchot, Marie-Louise Michel
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Despite the availability of effective hepatitis B vaccines for many years, over 370 million people remain persistently infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Viral persistence is thought to be related to poor HBV-specific T-cell responses. A phase I clinical trial was performed in chronic HBV carriers to investigate whether HBV DNA vaccination could restore T-cell responsiveness. Ten patients with chronic active hepatitis B nonresponder to approved treatments for HBV infection were given 4 intramuscular injections of 1 mg of a DNA vaccine encoding HBV envelope proteins. HBV-specific T-cell responses were assessed by proliferation, ELISpot assays, and tetramer staining. Secondary end points included safety and the monitoring of HBV viraemia and serological markers. Proliferative responses to hepatitis B surface antigen were detected in two patients after DNA injections. Few HBV-specific interferon gamma-secreting T cells were detectable before immunization, but the frequency of such responses was significantly increased by 3 DNA injections. Immunization was well tolerated. Serum HBV DNA levels decreased in 5 patients after 3 vaccine injections, and complete clearance was observed in 1 patient. In conclusion, this study provides evidence that HBV DNA vaccination is safe and immunologically effective. We demonstrate that DNA vaccination can specifically but transiently activate T-cell responses in some chronic HBV carriers who do not respond to current antiviral therapies.
Science, medicine, and the future: Vaccines and vaccination
Authors: P.-H. Lambert, C.-A. Siegrist
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Vaccines and vaccination are at a turning point.Recent advances in microbial genetics and in immunology have greatly increased our understanding of microbial pathogenesis and of host defence mechanisms.As a result, within the next 10-15 years, a whole set of new preventive vaccines should become available.These will not only be used to prevent infectious diseases but also for preventing neoplasms such as stomach and endocervical cancer.Also under development are therapeutic vaccines to treat autoimmune diseases and allergic disorders.This review outlines some of the advances in biology, development of new vaccines, and vaccination strategies and discusses the factors that will determine the extent of their use in the future.
The Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation-Not-Indicated Order: Futility Revisited
Authors: David B. Waisel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

This paper reviews the advent of unilateral do-not-resuscitate orders. Unilateral do-not-resuscitate policies presume that cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a medical therapy and that physicians have no obligation to undertake a medical therapy that does not offer achievable and appropriate goals. Four do-not-resuscitate policies from U.S. hospitals and some of the significant published proposals are reviewed. We conclude that anything other than a physiologic definition of futility is indefensible because of imposed value judgments, imprecise definitions of quantitative and qualitative futility, inexact data, lack of certitude of economic benefit, and the role of autonomy for the patient and physician.
TCT-86 Quantification and Impact of the Proportion of Coronary Disease Burden Treated by Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: The SYNTAX Revascularization Index
Authors: Philippe Genereux, Mayank Yadav, Adriano Caixeta, Ke Xu, Ajay J. Kirtane, George Dangas, Roxana Mehran, Martin Leon, Patrick W. Serruys, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Children with Tourette's syndrome given special showing of Harry Potter film
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Fourteen year old Matthew Sharp was longing to see the latest Harry Potter film. Almost all his school friends had seen it on the big screen, but Matthew has Tourette's syndrome, and his symptoms—sudden loud shouting and violent movements of his limbs several times a minute—make it impossible for him even to feed himself, let alone …
Long-term Effects of Papillotomy
Authors: Th. Ihre, M. Lönn, L. Kager
Journal: Endoscopy (1984)

Forty-three patients who were papillotomied according to Doubilet were followed up for 20-25 years after the papillotomy in an attempt to predict the long-term effects of endoscopic papillotomy (EPT). The indications for the initial papillotomy was common bile duct stones in 20 patients, and elevated serum amylase in 23. The papillotomy was performed in conjunction with a cholecystectomy. No negative effects were found at follow-up, and this study therefore seems to show that the long-term risks of EPT are minimal.
Abstract 2573: Molecular mechanism of cisplatin-based chemoresistance with human head and neck cancer: A translational clinical study
Authors: Taku Yamashita, Shunsuke Miyamoto, Wei-Ting Hwang, Bert W. O'Malley, Daqing Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract (Background) Cisplatin is a commonly used chemotherapy agent for many kinds of cancers including head and neck cancer. Chemoresistance to cisplatin significantly contributes to treatment failure in clinical practice. The MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 (MRN) complex is well known a major DNA repair system. Our previous in vitro study shows that enhanced DNA repairing by MRN is a critical molecular mechanism for cisplatin-based chemoresistance. The present study further investigates if the finding of enhanced DNA repairing is responsible for cisplatin-based chemoresistance with human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in an animal model and, more important, if this finding correlates to the clinical study with patients who suffer from HNSCC. (Methods) An animal model with human HNSCC was used for this study. Tumor volume changes were measured before and after cisplatin treatment. Immunohistochemistry studies were carried out for detecting the expression levels of MRN and apoptosis. The chemoresistant profile of the tumor model was established depending on these studies. The patients with HNSCC who initially received cisplatin monotherapy along with the patients without having cisplatin treatment were investigated. Immunohistochemistry studies were carried out for detecting the expression levels of MRN and apoptosis. These results were carefully analyzed by using a linear regression model with random effects to compare with established animal tumor model and in vitro findings. (Results) Our animal model with human HNSCC demonstrated that chemoresistance to cisplatin is associated with increased expression levels of MRN after cisplatin treatment (p&amp;lt;0.0001(MRE11), p&amp;lt;0.0001(RAD50), p&amp;lt;0.0001(NBS1)). In addition, the resistant tumors showed decreased levels of apoptosis after cisplatin treatment (p&amp;lt;0.0001). Our clinical study confirms these findings as shown that patients with HNSCC had increased expression of MRN when developing cisplatin chemoresistnace. (Conclusion) It is strongly suggested that increased expression levels of MRN proteins after cisplatin treatment are associated with a resistant phenotype in the human HNSCC. Our study presents important findings that will facilitate a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor cell resistance to chemotherapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2573.
Heinrich Hoffmann (Father of Struwwelpeter)
Authors: Heinrich G. Brugsch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

CLARA Clemens1 says that in 1891 Mark Twain and his family spent an uncomfortable winter in Berlin, the German capital. There was little money, their living quarters were poor, and Mark Twain's hope of coming in close contact with German literary circles materialized only slowly. Christmas was not far away, and Mark Twain was looking for a suitable present for his children — one that would also fit his pocketbook. He solved this problem by translating Germany's most successful children's book, Der Struwwelpeter, or The Slovenly Peter. Thus, he not only delighted his own children but also provided . . .
The IκB kinase complex regulates the stability of cytokine-encoding mRNA induced by TLR–IL-1R by controlling degradation of regnase-1
Authors: Hidenori Iwasaki, Osamu Takeuchi, Shunsuke Teraguchi, Kazufumi Matsushita, Takuya Uehata, Kanako Kuniyoshi, Takashi Satoh, Tatsuya Saitoh, Mutsuyoshi Matsushita, Daron M Standley, Shizuo Akira
Journal: Nature Immunology (2011)
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen distribution in verrucous carcinoma of the skin
Authors: J.C. NOEL, M. HEENEN, M.O. PENY, I. FAYT, J. PENY, G. DOBBELEER, J. HAOT, P. GALAND
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Journal Article Proliferating cell nuclear antigen distribution in verrucous carcinoma of the skin Get access J.C. NOEL, J.C. NOEL Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Route de Lennik 808, B‐1070 Brussels, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. HEENEN, M. HEENEN Department of Dermatology, Erasme University Hospital, Route de Lennik 808, B‐1070 Brussels, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.O. PENY, M.O. PENY Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Route de Lennik 808, B‐1070 Brussels, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. FAYT, I. FAYT Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Route de Lennik 808, B‐1070 Brussels, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. PENY, J. PENY Centre de Pathohgie, Dijon, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. DE DOBBELEER, G. DE DOBBELEER Department of Dermatology, Erasme University Hospital, Route de Lennik 808, B‐1070 Brussels, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. HAOT, J. HAOT Department of Pathology, Erasme University Hospital, Route de Lennik 808, B‐1070 Brussels, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. GALAND P. GALAND Laboratory of Cytology and Experimental Cancerlogy and IRIBHN Faculty of Medicine, Free University of Brussels, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 133, Issue 6, 1 December 1995, Pages 868–873, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb06918.x Published: 01 December 1995 Article history Accepted: 04 January 1995 Published: 01 December 1995
Removal of extruded I. U. D.
Authors: R R Macdonald
Journal: BMJ (1972)

MAY 1972 then be easily passed through after lifting the staples in one corner.The observation room is completely blacked out and the room under observation brightly illuminated.The observers should preferably wear dark clothes or a dark smock as white or pale colours will reflect the light coming through from the interview room.The screen is not, of course, sound-proof; while this means the observers must keep still, it obviates the need for microphones, amplifiers, etc.
Postnatal development of the M-band in rat cardiac myofibrils.
Authors: P Anversa, G Olivetti, P G Bracchi, A V Loud
Journal: Circulation Research (1981)

Cardiac muscle fibers in rats at 1 and 5 days after birth showed little evidence of M-bands. An ultrastructural analysis of myofibrils failed to demonstrate dense M-band material in longitudinal sections or M-bridges in transverse sections of sarcomeres. M-bands began to increase in number after 5 days of postnatal life and were present in 60% of all sarcomeres at 11 days of age. Polypeptides with molecular weights of 190,000 (Ma) and 175,000 (Mb) were obtained by polyacrylamide-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis of myofibril preparations. These two proteins were found in both 1- and 11-day-old rats and were considered to be specific components of the M-band. The densitometric analysis demonstrated that Ma and mb polypeptides increased approximately 2-fold during the interval from 1 to 11 days after birth. These structural and biochemical changes of the M-band material in myocytes appear to be related to the maturation of contractile function in the young heart.
Longitudinal changes in lung function among asbestos-exposed workers.
Authors: D A Schwartz, C S Davis, J A Merchant, W B Bunn, J R Galvin, D S Van Fossen, C S Dayton, G W Hunninghake
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

To prospectively identify the determinants of persistent or accelerated loss of lung function among workers occupationally exposed to asbestos and assess the relative contribution of cigarette smoking, asbestos-induced pleural fibrosis, and specific findings from bronchoalveolar lavage and high resolution CT scans, we examined the determinants of lung function changes in 117 subjects occupationally exposed to asbestos for at least 1 yr in a high exposure setting. A minimum of 20 yr was required between the first exposure to asbestos and entry into the study. Baseline studies included an independent assessment of dyspnea, lung volumes, diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO), a chest radiograph, a high resolution CT (HRCT) scan, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Subjects were observed for an average of 2 yr (range, 0.5 to 4.0 yr), and lung function was measured on at least two separate occasions (mean, 4.1 separate tests). During the period of observation, there was an average 1.5% decrease in the TLC and a 2.5% decrease in the DLCO. In this longitudinal data set, after controlling for age, height, pack-years of cigarette smoking, and follow-up time, persistently lower measures of TLC were independently related to moderate to severe dyspnea (p = 0.005), diffuse pleural thickening (p = 0.007), and higher concentrations of fibronectin in BAL fluid (p = 0.01). Interstitial lung disease either on the chest radiograph or HRCT scan was not independently associated with persistently lower measures of TLC during the period of observation. However, none of the clinical variables we examined were associated with an accelerated decline in TLC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Is the AHA/ACSM Scientific Statement “Recommendations for Cardiovascular Screening, Staffing, and Emergency Policies at Health/Fitness Facilities” in Need of Revision?
Authors: Bradley J. Cardinal
Journal: Circulation (1999)

We read with great interest the article by McNamara et al 1 on intravenous immunoglobulin (IgG) therapy for myocarditis and acute dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).There is as yet no general agreement of effective treatment of myocarditis and acute DCM.These workers are to be congratulated for conducting a welldesigned clinical study of adult patients with NYHA class III to IV heart failure, based on previously published clinical 2 and experimental 3 experience.We would like to stress 3 points that we consider crucial in our understanding of the significance of this treatment.The first is related to the presence of preceding or associated infectious manifestations (ie, fever, pleurodynia, myalgia, and upper respiratory tract symptoms).This strongly suggests that myocarditis is of viral or infectious origin.Accordingly, as shown in our previous study, 3 intravenous polyclonal IgG used in the study by McNamara et al 1 could have neutralizing antibody activities against causative agents.In this case, the effects of IgG may be drastic and super, as shown in the early study in our article. 3 The second point deals with the potential histological improvement by this treatment, even in the later stage, as shown in our study. 3 We consider that the marked and super improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction seen in all the patients in the study 1 may correlate with and depend on histological improvement.Some additional pathological data (ie, serial endomyocardial biopsy) could serve to make readers more clearly understand this point.Finally, although the precise mechanisms responsible for the efficacy of this treatment are still unknown, 4,5 IgG therapy is considered to have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, as shown in our study. 3 The former includes antiidiotype, anti-autoantibody properties, and reticuloendothelial system blockade; the latter, downregulation of inflammatory cytokines, a sump for activated complement, and antisuperantigen antibodies.Thus, we keenly agree with the proposal that a more widespread randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial in a larger population of patients with myocarditis and acute as well as chronic (ongoing) DCM 6 is warranted.
GP advised patients to take pills made by company she worked for
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

An out of hours GP who encouraged patients to take nutritional supplements from which she stood to profit must work under imposed conditions for 15 months, after a General Medical Council panel found she had abused her power as a doctor.

Vivienne Balonwu gave promotional leaflets and DVDs that made extravagant claims about the benefits of glyconutrients to four patients whom she visited at their homes in the early weeks of 2006. At the time she was working for the private clinical services company Harmoni, which provides out of hours services for 14 primary care trusts, mostly in the south of England.

She told the GMC panel that …