tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alfred Finlay Brown
Authors: G Dale
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former consultant ear, nose, and throat surgeon Victoria Hospital, Blackpool (b Glasgow 1910; q Glasgow 1933), d 11 August 2002.

Known to all as Finlay, he moved to the Fylde Coast in 1935. Called up at the outset of the second world war, as he was a member of the Territorial Army, he served in Iceland and saw action in north Africa and Greece, attaining the rank of major. After the war he began a long association with Victorial Hospital, where he remained until his retirement. He founded the photography department at Victoria Hospital. He was also an enthusiastic yachtsman, an accomplished pianist, and an excellent golfer. As befitting a son of the manse, he was a staunch member of the church. Predeceased by his wife, Una, whom he met in Iceland, he leaves four children.
A case of chromoblastomycosis responding to treatment with itraconazole
Authors: C.H. SMITH, J.N.W.N. BARKER, R.J. HAY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Chromoblastomycosis is a rare, chronic, cutaneous infection caused by a group of dematiacaeous fungi. We report a case which, in addition to characteristic clinical and histopathological features of chromoblastomycosis, displayed atypical, deep dermal/subcutataneous involvement, and showed a good response to itraconazole.
Upper Abdominal Calcification in a Young Man
Authors: Kenneth L. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>History</h3> A 17-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital for further evaluation of probable chronic pancreatitis. The patient had been undergoing basic training as a Marine Corps recruit when abdominal pain and malaise developed, lasting three days. Figure 1 is a plain film of the abdomen taken at that time. There was no past history of alcohol abuse or symptoms suggestive of gallbladder disease. The patient had had uncomplicated mumps at the age of 5 years and appendectomy at the age of 9 years. There was no history of abdominal trauma. The only other noteworthy history was prolonged cyanosis at birth requiring observation in an incubator for about one week. There were no apparent neurological sequelae. Findings from the physical examination were entirely within normal limits. Routine blood analysis, including determinations of levels of electrolytes, calcium, amylase, and cholesterol, as well as liver function tests, were normal, as was the
Injection of genetically engineered fibroblasts corrects regenerated human epidermolysis bullosa skin tissue
Authors: Susana Ortiz-Urda, Qun Lin, Cheryl L. Green, Douglas R. Keene, M. Peter Marinkovich, Paul A. Khavari
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Current therapeutic strategies for genetic skin disorders rely on the complex process of grafting genetically engineered tissue to recipient wound beds. Because fibroblasts synthesize and secrete extracellular matrix, we explored their utility in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB), a blistering disease due to defective extracellular type VII collagen. Intradermal injection of RDEB fibroblasts overexpressing type VII collagen into intact RDEB skin stably restored correctly localized type VII collagen expression in vivo and normalized hallmark RDEB disease features, including subepidermal blistering and anchoring fibril defects. This article was published online in advance of the print edition. The date of publication is available from the JCI website, http://www.jci.org.
Chloroquine Poisoning in a Child
Authors: Herbert A. Markowitz, Joseph M. McGinley
Journal: JAMA (1964)

CHLOROQUINE PHOSPHATE was introduced in 1946 as a more effective, convenient, and less toxic agent than existing drugs for the suppression and treatment of malaria; it soon replaced other drugs used for this purpose. In the years since its introduction numerous articles have appeared advocating the use of chloroquine in the treatment of various other diseases including lupus erythematosus, arthritis, amebiasis, infectious mononucleosis, and even rafractory epilepsy. While the literature contains numerous articles describing the undesirable side-effects when chloroquine is used in prolonged therapeutic dosage, there has been a paucity of reports regarding acute poisoning from overdosage of the drug. In 1961 Cann and Verhulst<sup>1</sup>reporting from the files of the National Clearinghouse for Poison Control Centers of the US Department of Health, Education and Welfare, described four cases of acute poisoning in children resulting from the ingestion of chloroquine phosphate; of these cases, three resulted in death. (The
THE BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER IN RELATION TO VIRUSES
Authors: James W. Mosley
Journal: JAMA (1967)

A blood brain barrier was postulated by Goldmann in 1909 to explain his observation that intravenously injected trypan blue stained all tissues except the central nervous system (CNS). As is well known, this concept has been the basis of much subsequent work in pharmacology and physiology. Less familiar is its use by virologists concerned with the pathogenesis of CNS infections.  Many viruses, when inoculated directly into the brain of a laboratory animal, are capable of producing encephalitis. A number of such viruses, however, cause no CNS disease when given intraperitoneally or intravenously, even when extraneural replication results in marked viremia. This fact alone could suggest that the postulated barrier prevents viral access to and multiplication in the brain. In addition, at least two other experimental findings fit the concept equally well: (1) Experimental injury, either direct or peripheral, results in changes which allow staining by vital dyes of localized areas
Irrigated-tip versus 8-mm-tip catheter for radiofrequency ablation of common atrial flutter in patients with cavo-tricuspid isthmus lengths &gt; 35 mm: Is the catheter selection or the cavo-tricuspid anatomy a determinant factor for atrial flutter ablation?
Authors: Antoine Da Costa, Bernard Samuel, Abdel Khiel, Cecile Romeyer-Bouchard, Christophe Robin, Emmanuel Faure, Alexis Cerisier, Karl Isaaz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
ATP-sensitive potassium channels mediate contraction-induced attenuation of sympathetic vasoconstriction in rat skeletal muscle.
Authors: G D Thomas, J Hansen, R G Victor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Sympathetic vasoconstriction is sensitive to inhibition by metabolic events in contracting rat and human skeletal muscle, but the underlying cellular mechanisms are unknown. In rats, this inhibition involves mainly alpha2-adrenergic vasoconstriction, which relies heavily on Ca2+ influx through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels. We therefore hypothesized that contraction-induced inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstriction is mediated by ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels, a hyperpolarizing vasodilator mechanism that could be activated by some metabolic product(s) of skeletal muscle contraction. We tested this hypothesis in anesthetized rats by measuring femoral artery blood flow responses to lumbar sympathetic nerve stimulation or intraarterial hindlimb infusion of the specific alpha2-adrenergic agonist UK 14,304 during KATP channel activation with diazoxide in resting hindlimb and during KATP channel block with glibenclamide in contracting hindlimb. The major new findings are twofold. First, like muscle contraction, pharmacologic activation of KATP channels with diazoxide in resting hindlimb dose dependently attenuated the vasoconstrictor responses to either sympathetic nerve stimulation or intraarterial UK 14,304. Second, the large contraction-induced attenuation in sympathetic vasoconstriction elicited by nerve stimulation or UK 14,304 was partially reversed when the physiologic activation of KATP channels produced by muscle contraction was prevented with glibenclamide. We conclude that contraction-induced activation of KATP channels is a major mechanism underlying metabolic inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstriction in exercising skeletal muscle.
Geoffrey Russell Steele Grogono
Authors: B. J. S. Grogono
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Geoffrey Russell Steele Grogono (“Geof”) was educated at Epsom College with his twin brother, Basil. He trained at St Mary’s Hospital Medical School, Paddington. After a spell in his father’s practice in Leighton Buzzard, he joined the Royal Air Force medical service and served overseas in Kuala …
Naproxen sodium and paracetamol/dextropropoxyphene in sports injuries - a multicentre comparative study.
Authors: R. L. Simmons, S. Owen, C. J. Abbott, T. A. Bouchier-Hayes, H. A. Hunt
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1982)

This paper follows up a previous paper reported in this journal. This study was a single-blind parallel comparison of naproxen sodium ("Synflex") and a paracetamol/dextropropoxyphene combination ("Distalgesic"). It was carried out in 184 patients suffering from soft-tissue disorders recruited from four centres. More patients were considered cured and the pain score was significantly lower after seven days' treatment in the naproxen sodium ("NS") group. For those patients who received 14 days' treatment the total symptom score was significantly lower in the naproxen sodium group at the end of treatment. Two patients in the NS treatment group withdrew from the study due to lack of efficacy. Fewer side-effects were reported in the NS group. Of the eight patients stopping treatment due to side-effects, two were in the naproxen sodium group and six in the paracetamol/dextropropoxyphene ("control") group. The results suggest that a better clinical response to treatment and fewer side-effects may be obtained with naproxen sodium than with paracetamol/dextropropoxyphene in the treatment of soft-tissue injuries.
Impaired neutrophil response and CD4+ T helper cell 1 development in interleukin 6-deficient mice infected with Candida albicans.
Authors: L Romani, A Mencacci, E Cenci, R Spaccapelo, C Toniatti, P Puccetti, F Bistoni, V Poli
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

To define the role of interleukin (IL)6 in Candida albicans infection, IL-6 deficient mice were assessed for susceptibility to systemic or gastrointestinal infection, as well as for parameters of elicited T helper cell (Th) immunity. IL-6-deficient mice were more susceptible than wild-type mice to either type of infection caused by virulent C. albicans. In response to systemic challenge with a live vaccine strain of yeast, IL-6-deficient mice failed to mount Th1-associated protective immunity, but the resulting Th2-biased response could be redirected to the Th1 phenotype by IL-10 neutralization. Severe impairment of the macrophage and neutrophil response to infection was observed in IL-6-deficient mice, but administration of IL-6 would increase both neutrophil response and resistance to infection. IL-6 seems to oppose the Th2-promoting role of IL-10 in candidiasis, its early regulatory activity involving effects on neutrophil function.
Tolerization of dendritic cells by TS cells: the crucial role of inhibitory receptors ILT3 and ILT4
Authors: C. C. Chang, R Ciubotariu, J. S. Manavalan, J. Yuan, A. I. Colovai, F. Piazza, S. Lederman, M. Colonna, R. Cortesini, R. Dalla-Favera, N. Suciu-Foca
Journal: Nature Immunology (2002)
Immunotherapy and hay fever
Authors: S. Birtwistle
Journal: BMJ (1991)

enhance the quality of studies undertaken by junior doctors.Under the shareware system of computer software distribution software is offered free to potential users, who are trusted to register with the author if they decide to use the system.*This radical idea could be applied to research.Some doctors doing well conducted research generate more ideas than they have time (or perhaps inclination) to pursue, and I would like to propose that specialist journals carry an occasional column in which those with "spare" project or research ideas suitable for junior doctors would publish brief details of the idea.Interested juniors (or others) could then contact the originator of the idea to discuss details and arrange local supervision if necessary.Any resulting publications would carry the name of the proposer as the originator of the study idea, together with the author's name.(Such a split of the author list has been suggested elsewhere.')There would be no losers with such a scheme.Readers of journals could expect a higher content of significant work, juniors would get the publications they need, and the originators would receive recognition for ideas that they might never other- wise have had time to pursue.I hope the academic community will be far sighted enough to recognise the potential benefits of such a scheme, and the specialist journals brave enough to champion it.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF URETERODUODENOSTOMY
Authors: FRANK HINMAN
Journal: JAMA (1922)

The conviction of the impracticability of transplantation of ureters into the upper intestinal tract, because of urinary reabsorption, has been so general that it has prevented the experimental investigation which theoretical considerations would seem to warrant. Because of freedom from infection, it is an ideal place to shunt the urine, compared to the rectum, where the possibility of peritonitis, pyelonephritis and pyonephrosis is great. Early in 1917, we became interested in duodenal transplantation on theoretical grounds: curiosity, first, as to the manner and cause of death following bilateral ureteroduodenostomy, and, secondly, as to the reaction of renal tissue to the marked change of physiologic environment following unilateral ureteroduodenostomy. <h3>PROCEDURE</h3> Under ether narcosis, through a lumbar incision, with surgical asepsis, the right ureter was transplanted into the duodenum. In one group, the opposite kidney was removed, or a double ligature of its ureter, with division between them, effected. Studies of the
Ultrastructure of Lung in Legionnaires' Disease
Authors: FREDERICK L. GLAVIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Open lung biopsies from three patients with Legionnaires' disease were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. The patients had serious underlying disease. All developed a rapidly progressive pneumonia unresponsive to penicillin, oxacillin, and gentamicin. One patient, who received erythromycin, survived. Light microscopy in all three showed severe acute bronchopneumonia. The Legionnaires' disease bacterium was seen in tissue sections and confirmed by direct immunofluorescence. Transmission electron microscopy showed numerous rod-shaped intracellular organisms that were morphologically similar to other gram-negative bacteria and the Rickettsieae. They were within phagolysosomes, free in the cytoplasm, and rarely within structures resembling dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum. Lung tissue changes included marked detachment and necrosis of alveolar pneumocytes, septal and alveolar exudate with lysis, and prominent endothelial cell swelling and degeneration. Capillary and epithelial basement membranes were consistently intact, suggesting that the tissue changes are potentially capable of reverting to normal structure and function.
Abstract 5015: Ablation of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM 10) induces significant pancreatic tumor heterogeneity and blocks cancer metastasis.
Authors: Jason C. Hall, Howard C. Crawford
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is the 4th leading cause of cancer related death in the U.S. This disease has a poor prognosis due to late detection and rapid progression to metastasis. ADAM10 is a membrane bound metalloproteinase responsible for shedding bioactive molecules and inducing regulated intra-membrane proteolysis of cell surface proteins such as Notch. Both ADAM10 and Notch are highly expressed in patients with PDA, with the latter being implicated in PDA progression. We have found that genetic ablation of ADAM10 in the KrasG12D/+;Ptf1aCre/+ mouse PDA model altered tumor character to favor a cystic phenotype, mixed with low grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and PDA. Though ADAM10 knockout mice retain the ability to form locally invasive cancer, they live 50% longer than control mice, essentially to a full 2-year life span. The phenotypes we observe closely mimic Notch-2 knockout mice, consistent with ADAM10’s role as the primary Notch activating proteinase. Further examination revealed that ADAM10 knockout mice did not show significant liver metastasis compared to control, despite their local invasiveness. The mechanism through which ADAM 10 controls a cancer cell's ability to establish distant metastases will be explored. Citation Format: Jason C. Hall, Howard C. Crawford. Ablation of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM 10) induces significant pancreatic tumor heterogeneity and blocks cancer metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5015. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5015
Endocrine-Disrupting Potential of Bisphenol A, Bisphenol A Dimethacrylate, 4- <i>n</i> -Nonylphenol, and 4- <i>n</i> -Octylphenol <i>in Vitro</i> : New Data and a Brief Review
Authors: Eva C. Bonefeld-Jørgensen, Manhai Long, Marlene V. Hofmeister, Anne Marie Vinggaard
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

An array of environmental compounds is known to possess endocrine disruption (ED) potentials. Bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol A dimethacrylate (BPA-DM) are monomers used to a high extent in the plastic industry and as dental sealants. Alkylphenols such as 4-n-nonylphenol (nNP) and 4-n-octylphenol (nOP) are widely used as surfactants.We investigated the effect in vitro of these four compounds on four key cell mechanisms including transactivation of a) the human estrogen receptor (ER), b) the human androgen receptor (AR), c) the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and d) aromatase activity.All four compounds inhibited aromatase activity and were agonists and antagonists of ER and AR, respectively. nNP increased AhR activity concentration-dependently and further increased the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin AhR action. nOP caused dual responses with a weak increased and a decreased AhR activity at lower (10(-8) M) and higher concentrations (10(-5)-10(-4) M), respectively. AhR activity was inhibited with BPA (10(-5)-10(-4) M) and weakly increased with BPA-DM (10(-5) M), respectively. nNP showed the highest relative potency (REP) compared with the respective controls in the ER, AhR, and aromatase assays, whereas similar REP was observed for the four chemicals in the AR assay.Our in vitro data clearly indicate that the four industrial compounds have ED potentials and that the effects can be mediated via several cellular pathways, including the two sex steroid hormone receptors (ER and AR), aromatase activity converting testosterone to estrogen, and AhR; AhR is involved in syntheses of steroids and metabolism of steroids and xenobiotic compounds.
Style Analysis: Carlyle
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Very few now read Carlyle for pleasure. Most do so only under the spur of an "assignment," as in a college literature course. Yet once we get used to his striking peculiarities, we can recognize him as one of the great masters of English prose. For many years in my medical-writing seminars, I have given excerpts from Carlyle, without indicating the authorship (and in five years no student has guessed correctly). I have then asked whether we were dealing with good writing or bad writing. Invariably, the majority considered it bad writing and did not like it, although an occasional hardy soul expressed pleasure and appreciation. But after we analyzed the excerpts with considerable care, the class almost unanimously felt that the writing really was strong, impressive, and<i>good</i>. A liking for Carlyle is an acquired taste. Most people find his prose at first rather repulsive, somewhat comparable to the
Registration of Three-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance and Radionuclide Skeletal Images
Authors: TERENCE Z. WONG, LEONARD P. CONNOLLY, S. TED TREVES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

To apply postprocessing techniques to register three-dimensional TI-201 bone SPECT datasets with MRI. This may provide more accurate anatomic-functional correlation when localizing active tumors.Three-dimensional datasets were constructed from previously acquired MRIs using routine imaging protocols. Registration software was used to coregister the TI-201 SPECT studies and the MRIs in three dimensions.Adequate TI-201 uptake in muscles and soft tissues along with relatively low accumulation in tendons and joint spaces provided adequate landmarks for visually aligning SPECT and MRI datasets. MR abnormalities were more extensive because of surrounding reactive tissue, and more focal TI-201 uptake could be demonstrated within the region of MR signal abnormality, allowing the focal metabolically active tissue to be distinguished from adjacent edema.Image registration of SPECT and anatomic imaging (CT or MRI) is used routinely to evaluate functional abnormalities within the brain. This technique has now been applied to the combination of TI-201 SPECT and MR data for evaluating bone lesions and may provide additional anatomic information for localizing functional abnormalities. This may be valuable for defining targets for biopsy, planning surgical treatment, and using minimally invasive therapies.
Sequential treatment with quinine and mefloquine or quinine and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine for falciparum malaria.
Authors: A P Hall, E B Doberstyn, C Karnchanachetanee, S Samransamruajkit, B Laixuthai, E J Pearlman, R M Lampe, C F Miller, P Phintuyothin
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Patients with falciparum malaria were studied in Thailand, an area of known chloroquine resistance. The patients were unselected and some had severe malaria, and they were randomly assigned to one of two sequential regimes. A short course of quinine (average 4 doses, equivalent to 2 g base) followed by a single dose of pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (Fansidar) cured 92% of patients (36 out of 39), while a short course of quinine followed by a single 1-5-dose of mefloquine cured all of the 35 patients who could be followed up. Gastrointestinal side effects were minimal if at least 12 hours elapsed between the last dose of quinine and the mefloquine. Sequential quinine and mefloquine is the most effective treatment for patients with chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria, including those with severe or complicated disease. Mefloquine, however, is not commercially available, and the similar regimen using Fansidar is almost as effective.
INTOLERANCE TO SUGAR AS A FACTOR IN THE PRODUCTION OF SOME DERMATOSES*
Authors: G. GORDON CAMPBELL, J. FREDERICK BURGESS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1927)

Journal Article INTOLERANCE TO SUGAR AS A FACTOR IN THE PRODUCTION OF SOME DERMATOSES Get access G. GORDON CAMPBELL, B.Sc., M.D., G. GORDON CAMPBELL, B.Sc., M.D. Professor of Dermatology, McGill University; Dermatologist to the Montreal General Hospital; Consultant in Dermatology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal; Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. FREDERICK BURGESS, M. B. J. FREDERICK BURGESS, M. B. Lecturer in Dermatology, McGill University; Associate Dermatologist to the Montreal General Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 39, Issue 5, 1 May 1927, Pages 187–195, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1927.tb10071.x Published: 01 May 1927