tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A SOFTWARE METHOD TO ALIGN X-Y GAINS AND OFFSETS IN DUAL DETECTOR SPECT IMAGING
Authors: D Chapman, J Areeda, K Van Train, A Waxman, D Berman, E Garcia
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Compared to single detector systems, dual detectors have the potential for providing either similar image quality from acquisitions performed in half the time or improved image quality by doubling the counts for the same time. However, variation between the detectors' x-y position signals results in loss of contrast and spatial resolution in the reconstructed images. We have implemented a software method on the MDS A2 and ADAC 3300 computers which aligns the gains and offsets of a Siemens Rota Camera. The method consists of calibration of various amplifiers, measurement of misalignment, and correction of acquired data. Amplifiers for the first detector are adjusted in the conventional manner; the second detector is calibrated using multiple point sources and a real time display. The misalignment of the two detectors is measured by acquiring multiple point sources at 60 stops over 360°. To accurately determine gain and offset corrections, multiple measurements from different pairs of these point sources are needed, due to camera nonlinearities and other uncertainties in locating point sources. To correct a clinical study the gain and offset correction factors calculated are applied to each projection from the second detector. One quantitative estimate of the method's accuracy was determined by comparing the thickness of the same profile through the reconstructed coronal slices of a circular line source acquired from single vs. aligned and misaligned dual detectors. FWHM FWTM Single Detector 360° 20.2mm 35.6mm Dual Detector Aligned 180° 20.9mm 37.4mm Dual Detector Misaligned 180° 31.7mm 50.4mm These corrections are performed weekly resulting in the reduction of time required to manually adjust the amplifiers.
Thalamic Hypometabolism in a Patient Undergoing Vagal Nerve Stimulation Seen on F-18 FDG PET Imaging
Authors: Michael Petrucci, Carl Hoh, John F. Alksne
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

A 31-year-old man with a vagal nerve stimulator for seizure control was noted to have decreased metabolism within the thalamus as visualized by F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). Some investigators think the thalamus plays an important role in the regulation of seizure activity. Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) may reduce thalamic activity, which in turn may reduce seizure activity. However, because the thalamus has diffuse connections throughout the brain, its role in seizure activity is likely complex. Observing decreased thalamic activity during VNS is just 1 small step toward understanding this role.
Acetaminophen and Aminotransferase Elevations
Authors: Yuhong Yuan, Marroon Thabane, Lehana Thabane, Richard H. Hunt
Journal: JAMA (2006)

To the Editor: The study of aminotransferase levels by Dr Watkins and colleagues found a high incidence of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevations in healthy participants who were randomized to receive medications containing acetaminophen (paracetamol); this was not found in participants randomized to placebo. We have a number of concerns with the methods used in this study. First, the statistical methods did not include a description of sample size determination or definition of the minimal clinically important difference that the study was designed to detect. Second, we are concerned about allocation concealment throughout the study. For example, blinding of patients may not have been effective, since the drugs were commercial products; 3 groups used all tablets but 2 groups used both tablets and caplets. There is no description of blinding of data analysts. The analysis was not performed according to intention to treat. All of these have the potential to introduce bias. Third, regarding results, level of significance was apparently not adjusted for multiple comparisons, which could inflate type I error. The group mean ALT values shown in Figure 2 in the article included data from participants who were taking or who had stopped medications, which does not reflect the ALT time curve after hepatic cell injury in acetaminophen users. The aspartate aminotransferase (AST) elevations followed a similar time course but were smaller (Figure 3), raising a question about the clinical significance. Repeating a test increases the chance of detecting a positive result, which could explain the 38% ALT elevation rate in the placebo group, which was tested around 14 times. Finally, consumption of alcohol by the participants was not considered. We believe that all of these issues suggest caution in interpreting the results of this study.
Leukocyte adhesion in angiogenic blood vessels. Role of E-selectin, P-selectin, and beta2 integrin in lymphotoxin-mediated leukocyte recruitment in tumor microvessels.
Authors: P Borgström, G K Hughes, P Hansell, B A Wolitsky, P Sriramarao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Interaction of circulating leukocytes with tumor microvasculature is a critical event in the recruitment of effector cells into the tumor stroma. We have examined the ability of lymphotoxin (TNF-beta), to stimulate rolling, adhesion, and transmigration of leukocytes in angiogenic blood vessels induced by tumor spheroids of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) implanted in dorsal skinfold chambers of nude mice. In the absence of cytokine stimulation, circulating leukocytes failed to appreciably interact with tumor microvessels (TMV), although significant rolling and adhesion was observed in normal vessels. However, stimulation with lymphotoxin (LT) resulted in a rapid increase in the number of fast and slow rolling leukocytes in TMV. Treatment with anti-P-selectin mAb 5H1 resulted in inhibition of fast rollers alone, while combination treatment with anti-P-selectin and anti-E-selectin (9A9) mAbs effectively blocked slow rolling of leukocytes. Superfusion of the lymphotoxin-stimulated neovasculature with leukotriene B4 (LTB4) resulted in stable cell adhesion followed by emigration of leukocytes into the tumor stroma. LTB4-mediated adhesion and transmigration was significantly inhibited by treatment with anti-beta2 mAb 2E6. These studies delineate a multistep cascade of leukocyte adhesion in TMV and demonstrate that stimulation of the neovasculature with cytokines and chemoattractants can result in P- and E-selectin-dependent rolling and beta2-dependent stable adhesion followed by transmigration into the tumor stroma.
Phase II Study of Pemetrexed and Cisplatin, with Chest Radiotherapy Followed by Docetaxel in Patients with Stage III Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Shirish M. Gadgeel, John C. Ruckdeschel, Bhaumik B. Patel, Antoinette Wozniak, Andre Konski, Manuel Valdivieso, Deborah Hackstock, Wei Chen, Kimberly Belzer, Angelika M. Burger, Lauren Marquette, Andrew Turrisi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Abstract 1021: HDM2 inhibition augments the antitumor and antiangiogenic effects of sunitinib by suppressing sunitinib-induced SDF-1 expression and tumor recruitment of CD11b/Gr1+ MDSC in RCC xenografts
Authors: David J. Panka, Qinjun Liu, Sabina Signoretti, James W. Mier
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The VEGFR2 inhibitor sunitinib induces transient growth arrest of 786-0 RCC xenografts during which p53 as well as several p53-dependent genes (e.g. p21, HDM2, and collagen prolyl hydroxylase) are induced. Within a short period of time tumor growth resumes despite continued administration of the sunitinib. However, the development of resistance to sunitinib is associated with continued expression of p53 but the loss of p53 transcriptional activity as determined by the suppressed expression of the above target genes and the increased expression of the p53 transcriptional inhibitor hdmx. Recently, several small molecule antagonists of the p53 negative regulator hdm2 have been developed which stabilize p53 expression. One of these, MI-319 (Sanofi-Aventis), in addition to inhibiting hdm2 also inhibits hdmx. We have combined MI-319 with sunitinib in two separate xenograft model of RCC resistance. The addition of MI-319 prevents the development of resistance to sunitinib. The enhanced antitumor activity of the drug combination is associated with enhanced suppression of the vasculature and increased evidence of apoptosis relative to sunitinib alone. The addition of MI-319 to sunitinib reestablishes p53 activity in 786-0 and A498 xenografts as determined by p21 and hdm2 expression. Furthermore, whereas sunitinib alone results in increased expression of SDF-1 and the recruitment of CD11b, GR-1 myeloid suppressor cells, the addition of MI-319 to the sunitinib decreases expression of SDF-1 and suppresses the recruitment of the myeloid suppressor cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1021. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1021
NI-31 * USING TUMOR LOCALIZATION MAPS TO IDENTIFY BRAIN LOCATIONS INVOLVED IN COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING IN GLIOMA PATIENTS BEFORE THERAPY
Authors: E. Habets, E. Hendriks, M. Taphoorn, F. Barkhof, P. Vandertop, P. d. W. Hamer, M. Klein
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Cognition is often affected in patients with brain tumors. Apart from language function, direct tumor effects on discrete cognitive functions have barely been studied. In this study, we quantify baseline cognitive functioning in seven cognitive domains and identify brain locations involved in these cognitive domains using tumor localization maps (TLMs), which is a new approach. METHODS: Adult patients with glioma treated at the VU University Medical Center between 2006-2011 with available preoperative neuropsychological assessment were included. Cognition was tested for verbal, visuospatial and working memory, attention, executive functioning, information processing speed, and visuoconstructive abilities. Cognitive performance was compared to matched healthy controls. Tumor volumes for TLMs were segmented on MRI fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintense signal abnormality for low-grade gliomas, and MRI T1 contrast-enhanced abnormality for high-grade gliomas. For each cognitive domain, we applied TLMs to link cognitive performance with location throughout the brain at 1 mm resolution. Considerations for spatial dependence and multiple comparisons were taken into account. PRELIMINARY RESULTS: Seventy-four patients (50 with low-grade glioma, 22 with high-grade glioma and 2 with other histology) were included so far. Mean age of patients was 40 years. Compared to healthy controls, preoperative cognitive functioning was significantly impaired in five of seven domains. Most frequently affected were attention and working memory (30% and 21% of patients, respectively). We found no differences in cognitive domain scores between patients with low-grade and high-grade glioma. Tumor localization maps are currently being processed and statistically compared voxel-wise for each of the seven cognitive domains. Preliminary results of the TLMs demonstrate that performance in specific cognitive domains is associated with specific brain tumor locations. CONCLUSION: Empirical evidence on location of cognition can be used for optimizing brain tumor surgery and be integrated in counseling and cognitive rehabilitation for patients with newly-diagnosed glioma.
Cost-effectiveness of Prostate Cancer Screening and Treatment
Authors: David L. Hahn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 November 1993Cost-effectiveness of Prostate Cancer Screening and TreatmentDavid L. Hahn, MDDavid L. Hahn, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-10-199311150-00029 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:My Swedish brother-in-law, who has lived and worked in the United States for more than two decades, observes that often Americans act first and analyze later. This tendency is manifest in aggressive recommendations for unproven yet demonstrably morbid screening programs such as those for asymptomatic prostate cancer.Garnick [1] documents that screening for asymptomatic prostate cancer is unproven and that consensus groups in Sweden, France, Canada, and the United States, as well as the International Union Against Cancer, do not recommend it. Nevertheless, he devotes considerable space to a detailed description of unproven screening procedures recommended by ...Reference1. Garnick MB. Prostate cancer: screening, diagnosis and management. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118:804-18. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: David L. Hahn, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 November 1993Volume 119, Issue 10 Page: 1054-1055 Keywords Cancer screening Cancer treatment Prostate cancer ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 November 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Medical History—Another Irrelevance?
Authors: ROBERT P. HUDSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Editorial Notes1 June 1970Medical History—Another Irrelevance?ROBERT P. HUDSON, M.D.ROBERT P. HUDSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-6-956 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThere are a number of curious and contradictory phenomena in medical schools today. Students decry the "dehumanization" of their education, but in droves they ignore the humanities electives offered on campus.Basic scientists, who would not think of exploring a new problem without reviewing the appropriate literature (history!), see no value in studying the logicalprocesses and mindsets that led their forebears to success and failure in the laboratory. (Is it really always more important to know what a man did than how he did it—the product of his mentation rather than the process itself?)Clinical professors talk of "the well-rounded...References1. MILLER G: The teaching of medical history in the United States and Canada. Bull Hist Med 43:259-267, 344-375, 553-586, 1969. MedlineGoogle Scholar Earlier surveys were by SIGERIST H: Medical history in the medical schools of the United States. Bull Hist Med 7:627-662, 1939; Google Scholar and Medical history in the medical schools of Canada. Bull Hist Med 8:303-308, 1940; Google Scholar and by the Committee to Survey the Teaching of the History of Medicine in American and Canadian Medical Schools: Bull Hist Med 26:562-578, 1962 and 28:354-358, 1954 Google Scholar2. HALLECK S: You can go to hell with style. Psychol. Today November 1969, p. 71 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City, Kan. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Obvious in a Nutshell: Science, Medicine, Knowledge, and History 1 June 1970Volume 72, Issue 6Page: 956-957KeywordsResearch laboratoriesScientists ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Fucoidin, a potent inhibitor of leukocyte rolling, prevents neutrophil influx into phorbol-ester-induced inflammatory sites in rabbit lungs.
Authors: M Shimaoka, M Ikeda, T Iida, N Taenaka, I Yoshiya, T Honda
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

The polysaccharide fucoidin, a homopolymer of sulfated L-fucose, is known, by interfering with the function of L-selectin, to inhibit leukocyte rolling, which is an early and essential step in the process of leukocyte extravasation into inflamed sites. We tested the inhibitory effect of fucoidin on neutrophil accumulation in lung inflammation induced by phorbol myristate acetate and peritoneal inflammation induced by thioglycollate in rabbits. Pretreatment (10 mg/kg) followed by continuous administration (10 mg/kg/h) of fucoidin dramatically reduced the number of neutrophils recruited into the lungs (determined by neutrophil counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; 97.7 +/- 0.52% reduction) and peritoneal cavity (determined by neutrophil counts in peritoneal lavage fluid; 98.4 +/- 1.29% reduction). Fucoidin treatment also increased the systemic neutrophil count. These results suggest that the inhibition of leukocyte rolling, which may be a primary function of fucoidin, leads to a reduction of neutrophil accumulation at inflammatory sites, which may be beneficial for attenuating neutrophil-mediated tissue injury.
Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB Ligand and Osteoprotegerin Regulation of Bone Remodeling in Health and Disease
Authors: Ann E. Kearns, Sundeep Khosla, Paul J. Kostenuik
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2007)

Osteoclasts and osteoblasts dictate skeletal mass, structure, and strength via their respective roles in resorbing and forming bone. Bone remodeling is a spatially coordinated lifelong process whereby old bone is removed by osteoclasts and replaced by bone-forming osteoblasts. The refilling of resorption cavities is incomplete in many pathological states, which leads to a net loss of bone mass with each remodeling cycle. Postmenopausal osteoporosis and other conditions are associated with an increased rate of bone remodeling, which leads to accelerated bone loss and increased risk of fracture. Bone resorption is dependent on a cytokine known as RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand), a TNF family member that is essential for osteoclast formation, activity, and survival in normal and pathological states of bone remodeling. The catabolic effects of RANKL are prevented by osteoprotegerin (OPG), a TNF receptor family member that binds RANKL and thereby prevents activation of its single cognate receptor called RANK. Osteoclast activity is likely to depend, at least in part, on the relative balance of RANKL and OPG. Studies in numerous animal models of bone disease show that RANKL inhibition leads to marked suppression of bone resorption and increases in cortical and cancellous bone volume, density, and strength. RANKL inhibitors also prevent focal bone loss that occurs in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis and bone metastasis. Clinical trials are exploring the effects of denosumab, a fully human anti-RANKL antibody, on bone loss in patients with osteoporosis, bone metastasis, myeloma, and rheumatoid arthritis.
Working in New Zealand
Authors: S. Kisely
Journal: BMJ (1997)

A pilot study of perceptions of different sources of expert bias, as well as of personal investment in case outcomes, was performed among attendees at a workshop at an annual meeting of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law. Participants were asked to rate hypothetical responses by experts to various case outcomes and the biasing potential of different kinds of situations for opposing or other experts. A factor analysis produced two factors. Factor 1 included questions about situations that were obviously biasing (such as working only for the defense). Factor 2 included questions assessing the potential of certain situations to cause bias in experts, or how likely experts thought other experts were to be biased. In general, experts identified only four areas to be overtly biasing. All occurred within situations in which experts worked only for one or the other side of civil or criminal cases. Experts otherwise thought other experts were reasonably bias free and well able to compensate for any bias when it occurred. The data suggest that experts may deal with bias by turning down cases that may cause them personal discomfort.
FOUR YEAR SURVIVAL AFTER PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION WITH DRUG ELUTING STENTS AND BARE METAL STENTS IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. A NEW JERSEY STATEWIDE DATABASE STUDY.
Authors: Tudor Dumitru Vagaonescu, Abel E. Moreyra, Alan C. Wilson, Nora M. Cosgove, John B. Kostis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Serum Triiodothyronine and Other Clinical and Laboratory Indices of Alcoholic Liver Disease
Authors: P. G. WALFISH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Admission serum triiodothyronine (T3) values in 124 patients hospitalized for alcoholic liver disease were correlated with clinical and laboratory indices of liver function and commonly used determinants of thyroid function. Patients with low admission serum T3 levels had significant alterations in serum albumin, bilirubin, prothrombin time, and alkaline phosphatase associated with clinical signs of portal hypertension and collateral circulation, with little difference in serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, or serum ornithine carbamyl transferase. This group also had a significant decrease in free T3 index despite an increase in T3 uptake; the slight reduction in total thyroxine (T4) was associated with an increase in free T4 index and no change in serum thyrotropin (TSH). For patients with alcoholic liver disease, low admission serum T3 and free T3 index values when accompanied by normal serum T4, free T4 index, and TSH levels appear to be indicative of severe liver dysfunction and increased mortality risk.
Informed consent. A study of patient reaction
Authors: R. J. Alfidi
Journal: JAMA (1971)

This study was made to determine the reactions of patients to a general disclosure of complications which might result from angiographic procedures. To minimize bias and insure uniformity a form letter and questionnaire were chosen to impart this information. The results of this study indicate that the majority of patients referred to the Cleveland Clinic desired this information. I am convinced of the value of informed consent, for the benefit of both the patient and his physician.
Can Critically Short Telomeres Cause Functional Exhaustion of Progenitor Cells in Postinfarction Heart Failure?
Authors: Hisko Oeseburg, B. Daan Westenbrink, Rudolf A. de Boer, Wiek H. van Gilst, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Pim van der Harst
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
PETT scanners probe 'frontiers' of brain
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Sometime this summer, Robert Beck will place his head inside one of the nation's newest positron emission transaxial tomography (PETT) scanners. It will be a first for this particular device—in terms of scanning a human—but not for Beck, director of the University of Chicago's Franklin McLean Memorial Research Institute (FMI). He volunteered his head once before and is unlikely ever to forget the result. Visiting St Louis in the fall of 1980, when PETT studies with monkeys had been completed at Washington University, Beck volunteered to be the first human to be scanned with the university's prototype PETT VI. The resulting images (Figure) produced a surprise: an asymmetric distribution of blood in the left temporal lobe of Beck's brain. "I suspected I had a brain tumor," Beck recalls. Back at the University of Chicago's Pritzker School of Medicine, Beck discussed the scans with Jerre Levy, PhD, whose work includes extensive