tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bedside Manners: An Anthology of Wit and Wisdom
Authors: A. Paton
Journal: BMJ (1995)

John Ballantyne Virgin, pounds sterling9.99, pp 226 ISBN O 86369 849 2

In his foreword to this anthology Johnny Speight has some harsh things to say about people who “retire to write.” John Ballantyne, distinguished former ear, nose, and throat surgeon at the Royal Free Hospital, has avoided the trap by choosing other writers to give us a glimpse of his own eclectic character and passion for literature, …
Abstract 1339: Endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates Tanshinone I induced apoptosis in mesothelioma cells
Authors: JiHyun Lee, Bonglee Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Malignant Mesothelioma (MM) is a highly aggressive tumor caused by asbestos exposure with poor survival rate. Here, we investigated anti-cancer mechanism of Tanshinone I on mesothelioma cells. Tanshinone I exerted significant cytotoxicity in a time and dose dependent manner in mesothelioma cell lines such as MSTO-211H, H28, and H2452 cells, but not in MeT-5A cells. Also, Tanshinone I increased sub-G1 population and TUNEL positive stained cells in three mesothelioma cells. Consistently, Tanshinone I cleaved poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP) and attenuated the expression of pro-caspase9, pro-caspase3 and Bcl2 as well as the phosphorylation of JNK and PI3K in three mesothelioma cells. Furthermore, Tanshinone I exerted significant cytotoxicity in a time and dose dependent manner in mesothelioma up-regulated the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers such as CHOP, GRP78, ATF4, and IRE-1 in three mesothelioma cells. The apoptotic ability of Tanshinone I to cleave PARP and activate caspase 9/3 in in three mesothelioma cells. Overall, these findings suggest that Tanshinone I exhibits anti-tumor effect in MSTO-211H, H28, and H2452 cells via up-regulation of ER stress signaling as a potent anticancer agent for the mesothelioma cells. Citation Format: JiHyun Lee, Bonglee Kim. Endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates Tanshinone I induced apoptosis in mesothelioma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1339. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1339
Survival and Conservative Treatment for Localized Prostate Cancer-Reply
Authors: Peter C. Albertsen
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We share the frustration of Drs Swanson, Cowen, Kattan, and Miles concerning the lack of randomized trial data for outcomes following different treatment strategies for localized prostate cancer. In the absence of such data, however, physicians and patients must still make clinical decisions. We designed our study to provide estimates of the maximum lost life expectancy a population of patients can anticipate if they choose conservative management for their localized disease. These data are critical to improving decision-analytic models.<sup>1</sup> Our study was not designed to evaluate the effectiveness of present-day surgery or radiation treatment. This requires a well-designed randomized trial such as PIVOT,<sup>1</sup>currently being conducted by several Veterans Affairs hospitals. Some physicians have criticized this trial on ethical grounds, while others have been reluctant to enroll patients because of their strong bias in favor of aggressive intervention. Our study documents that conservative management can achieve
CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND OXYGEN CONSUMPTION IN HYPERTHYROIDISM BEFORE AND AFTER TREATMENT 1
Authors: Louis Sokoloff, Richard L. Wechsler, Renward Mangold, Kent Balls, Seymour S. Kety
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1953)

The unexpected results of this early study inspired Sokoloff to study the effects of thyroxine on brain metabolism.
Hackney GPs are to appeal decision to extend contract for out of hours services with private provider
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2013)

GPs in the London borough of Hackney are furious that the primary care trust cluster for the area has refused to allow them to opt back in to providing out of hours care and has instead extended the contract to the private provider Harmoni for a further nine months.

They said that they would appeal the decision and have confirmed that GPs are ready to start delivering out of hours care to their patients from 1 April through the Hackney Urgent Healthcare Social Enterprise.1

The cluster, NHS North East London and City, told GPs on 29 January that they could not opt back in to providing out of hours …
Enhanced production of interleukin 1-beta by mononuclear cells isolated from mucosa with active ulcerative colitis of Crohn's disease.
Authors: Y R Mahida, K Wu, D P Jewell
Journal: Gut (1989)

IL1-beta production by mononuclear cells isolated from normal and active inflammatory bowel disease mucosa was studied. Significantly more IL1-beta was produced spontaneously by mononuclear cells from the inflamed mucosa compared with those from normal colonic mucosa (median 190 pg/ml (range 45-700) v 20 pg/ml (0-165)). Stimulation with lipopolysaccharide enhanced IL1-beta production by mononuclear cells from active inflammatory bowel disease mucosa but not those from normal mucosa. Depleting the mononuclear cells of macrophages, by panning with monoclonal antibody 3C10, reduced the amount of IL1-beta produced. Enhanced IL1-beta production from the inflamed mucosa may play an important role in the mediation of many inflammatory responses. The enhanced production appears to be the result of a recruited population of cells.
IMMUNOSUPPRESSANTS IN THE TREATMENT OF PEMPHIGUS
Authors: S. JABLONSKA, T. CHORZELSKI, M. Blaszczyk
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

Journal Article IMMUNOSUPPRESSANTS IN THE TREATMENT OF PEMPHIGUS Get access S. JABLONSKA, S. JABLONSKA Department of Dermatology, Warsaw Medical School, Warsaw, Poland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. CHORZELSKI, T. CHORZELSKI Department of Dermatology, Warsaw Medical School, Warsaw, Poland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Blaszczyk M. Blaszczyk Department of Dermatology, Warsaw Medical School, Warsaw, Poland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 83, Issue 2, 1 August 1970, Pages 315–323, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb15707.x Published: 01 August 1970 Article history Accepted: 12 February 1970 Published: 01 August 1970
More than 4000 children are missing out on hormone treatment
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The UK National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) has advised that human growth hormone (somatropin) is clinically effective and cost efficient in the management of children with growth hormone deficiency.

It estimates that more than 4000 more children could benefit from the drug than the 1600 who are receiving it in England and Wales at present.

The institute has recommended that biosynthetic human growth hormone should be used in the treatment of children with growth hormone deficiency, Turner's syndrome, and Prader-Willi syndrome, and in prepubertal children with chronic renal insufficiency.

The …
Hyperglycemia After Intense Exercise in IDDM Subjects During Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion
Authors: Teresa H Mitchell, Gebrehiwot Abraham, Alicia Schiffrin, Lawrence A Leiter, Errol B Marliss
Journal: Diabetes Care (1988)

Exercise is conventionally considered a modality for improvement of glycemia in diabetes. We have found that a short period of intense exercise (80% VO2max) in normal lean subjects produces sustained postexercise hyperglycemia 20% above basal with a corresponding 100% increase in plasma insulin. In people with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) incapable of this insulin response, it was predicted that postexercise hyperglycemia would be of greater magnitude and/or duration. To investigate this possibility, the effects of the same intense exercise (80% VO2max) were studied in 8 IDDM subjects (2 on 2 occasions) in the postabsorptive state with continuous subcutaneous (abdominal) insulin infusion (CSII). When the preexercise plasma glucose was normal (n = 6, 86 +/- 4 mg/dl), there ensued a postexercise hyperglycemia to 127 +/- 7 mg/dl (P less than .001) sustained for 2 h postexhaustion. Plasma free immunoreactive insulin (IRI) was 1.43 +/- 0.12 ng/ml before exercise and did not change postexercise. When mean preexercise plasma glucose was 149 +/- 9 mg/dl (n = 4), it rose progressively throughout the 2 h of recovery to 229 +/- 28 mg/dl (P less than .025). A small but statistically significant decrease in free IRI occurred during the last 80 min of recovery. Hyperglycemia in the diabetic subjects was not explained by abnormal or differing responses of glucagon or catecholamines. Thus, with intense exercise, diabetic control deteriorates rather than improves. Therefore, different therapeutic strategies may be required for intense compared with moderate exercise in IDDM patients.
The seven-span transmembrane receptor CD97 has a cellular ligand (CD55, DAF).
Authors: J Hamann, B Vogel, G M van Schijndel, R A van Lier
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

CD97 is an activation-induced antigen on leukocytes with a seven-span transmembrane (7-TM) region homologous to the secretin receptor superfamily. However, in contrast to this group of peptide hormone receptors, CD97 has an extended extracellular region with three EGF domains at the NH2 terminus, two of them with a calcium binding site. By demonstrating that lymphocytes and erythrocytes specifically adhere to CD97-transfected COS cells we here show that CD97 in parallel with its molecular evolution has acquired the ability to bind cellular ligands. A mAb selected on its capacity to block the adhesion between CD97 transfectants and red cells was found to be directed to the NH2-terminal short consensus repeat (SCR) of decay accelerating factor (DAF, CD55), a regulatory protein of the complement cascade. The specificity of the interaction of CD97 with CD55 was established by the observation that erythrocytes that lack CD55, obtained from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) or the CD55, phenotype Inab, failed to adhere to CD97 transfectants. This is the first demonstration of a cellular ligand for a 7-TM receptor.
Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis after gastrointestinal hemorrhage in cirrhotic patients with a high risk of infection
Authors: A Pauwels, N Mostefa-Kara, B Debenes, E Degoutte, V Levy
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

In cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage, bacterial infections are frequent and play a significant role in mortality. We have previously found that patients with a Child–Pugh's class C or a rebleeding are a subgroup of cirrhotic patients with a high risk of infection. The aims of the study were (1) to validate these indicators and (2) to assess the effectiveness of a systemic antibiotic treatment in preventing bacterial infections in bleeding cirrhotics with a high risk of infection. One hundred and nineteen bleeding cirrhotic patients were divided into 3 groups. Patients with a Child–Pugh's class A–B and no rebleeding (i.e., with a low risk of infection) constituted group 1 (n = 55). Patients with a high risk of infection were randomly allocated to serve as controls (group 2, n = 34) or to receive the ciprofloxacin and a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid for 3 days after hemorrhage (group 3, n = 30). This antibiotic prophylaxis was administered first intravenously and then orally when the bleeding was controlled. The study period was defined as 10 days after hemorrhage. Incidence of bacterial infections was significantly higher in patients from group 2 than in patients from group 1 (52.9% vs. 18.2%; P &lt; .001). Moreover, infections were more severe in group 2: a sepsis syndrome or a septic shock developed in 66.7% of infected patients from this group, but in only 20% of infected patients from group 1. Incidence of bacterial infections was much lower in patients from group 3 than in those from group 2 (13.3% vs. 52.9%; P &lt; .001). Eight patients from group 2 (23.5%) and 4 patients from group 3 (13.3%) died during the first four weeks (P–not significant). Septic shock was the cause of death in 3 patients from group 2 and in only 1 patient from group 3. The cost of antibiotic therapy, including antibiotic prophylaxis in group 3, was $208 ± $63 per patient in group 2 and $167 ± $42 per patient in group 3 ( P &lt; .05). We conclude that (1) patients with a Child–Pugh's class C and/or a rebleeding are a subgroup of cirrhotic patients with a high risk of infection after gastrointestinal hemorrhage and that (2) in these patients, a prophylactic treatment with systemic antibiotics is very effective in preventing bacterial infections.
Blood viscosity, fibrinogen, and activation of coagulation and leukocytes in peripheral arterial disease and the normal population in the Edinburgh Artery Study.
Authors: G D Lowe, F G Fowkes, J Dawes, P T Donnan, S E Lennie, E Housley
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Increased blood and plasma viscosity, hematocrit, fibrinogen, and activation of coagulation and leukocytes have been reported in patients with claudication; however, their associations with symptomatic and asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease have not been reported in an epidemiological study. METHODS AND RESULTS Blood and plasma viscosity, hematocrit, fibrinogen, urinary fibrinopeptide A, plasma leukocyte elastase, and uric acid were measured in a random sample of 1,581 men and women aged 55-74 years in Edinburgh, Scotland, and related to peripheral arterial stenosis (ankle-brachial systolic pressure index, ABPI) and to lower limb ischemia (intermittent claudication and reactive hyperemia test). Each variable (except fibrinopeptide A) was significantly related to prevalent symptomatic and asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease. On multivariate analysis, blood viscosity (p &lt; 0.05) and fibrinogen (p &lt; 0.01) were independently associated with peripheral arterial narrowing (ABPI); a positive interaction was found between fibrinogen and smoking in the association with ABPI. Plasma viscosity was associated with claudication in the presence of a given degree of arterial narrowing (odds ratio of claudication in top quintile compared with bottom quintile of plasma viscosity, 3.35; 95% CI, 1.32, 8.51). Leukocyte elastase and uric acid were each associated with reactive hyperemia independently of arterial narrowing (p &lt; 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Blood rheological factors and leukocyte activation as well as arterial narrowing are associated with lower limb ischemia in the general population and may be implicated in its pathogenesis.
Development of a secondary autoimmune disorder after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for autoimmune diseases: role of conditioning regimen used
Authors: Yvonne Loh, Yu Oyama, Laisvyde Statkute, Kathleen Quigley, Kimberly Yaung, Elizabeth Gonda, Walter Barr, Borko Jovanovic, Robert Craig, Dusan Stefoski, Bruce Cohen, Richard K. Burt
Journal: Blood (2006)
Hemoglobin binding of arylamines and nitroarenes: molecular dosimetry and quantitative structure-activity relationships.
Authors: G Sabbioni
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

N-Oxidation and nitroreduction to yield N-hydroxyarylamines are metabolic steps that are crucial for the genotoxic properties of aromatic amines and nitroarenes, respectively. N-Hydroxyarylamines can form adducts with DNA, tissue proteins, and the blood proteins albumin and hemoglobin in a dose-dependent manner. The determination of hemoglobin adducts is a useful tool for biomonitoring exposed populations. We have established the hemoglobin binding index (HBI) [(mmole compound/mole Hb)/(mmole compound/kg body weight)] of several aromatic amines and nitroarenes in female Wistar rats. Incorporating values obtained by other researchers in the same rat strain, the logarithm of hemoglobin binding (log HBI) was plotted against several physicochemical parameters and against calculated electronic descriptors of nitroarenes and arylamines. Most arylamines and nitroarenes form hydrolyzable (e.g., sulfinamide) adducts with hemoglobin in rats. The amount of hemoglobin binding decreases with the oxidizability of the arylamines, except for compounds that are substituted with halogens in ortho or meta position. For halogen-substituted arylamines, the amount of hemoglobin binding is directly proportional to the pKa. Hemoglobin binding of nitroarenes increases with the reducibility of the nitro group. The structure activity relationships (SAR) for hemoglobin binding of nitroarenes and arylamines are comparable. The SAR found for hemoglobin binding were compared with the SAR found in the literature for mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and cytotoxicity of arylamines and nitroarenes. In general, the mutagenicity or carcinogenicity of arylamines increases with their oxidizability. This first set of data suggests that the levels of hemoglobin binding, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity of arylamines are not determined by the same electronic properties of the compounds, or not by these properties alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
S141 TRPA1 expression and characterisation in patients with chronic cough
Authors: S. Faruqi, A. Campbell, A. H. Morice
Journal: Thorax (2011)

<h3>Introduction and Aims</h3> The TRPA1 ion channel is thought to have an important role in the cough reflex. It has been demonstrated that agonisation of TRPA1 receptors by inhalation of cinnamaldehyde, a specific agonist of TRPA1, induces cough in normal human volunteers. We wanted to determine the expression and characterisation of the TRPA1 receptor in human lung tissue. <h3>Methods</h3> Bronchial biopsies were obtained from patients with the Cough Hypersensitivity Syndrome on fibre-optic bronchoscopy. Biopsies were obtained from a major bronchus. Lung resection samples were obtained from patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer. Dorsal root ganglia were used as a positive control. These tissue samples were analysed by immunohistochemistry with a specific TRPA1 antibody. <h3>Results</h3> Samples from 14 patients (11 males, mean age 56 years) with the Cough Hypersensitivity Syndrome and 10 lung resection samples (6 males, mean age 68 years) were obtained. All the tissue samples stained for TRPA1. The TRPA1 stain was avidly taken up by the bronchial epithelium, smooth muscle bundles and nerve tissue. <h3>Conclusion</h3> We have described the distribution of the TRPA1 ion channel in lung tissue. TRPA1 is agonised by several environmental irritants and endogenous mediators of inflammation. The presence of TRPA1 ion channel in bronchial mucosal nerves and epithelium suggests an important role in the cough reflex. The identification of these ion channels on smooth muscle could suggest a role in asthmatic inflammation as well.
Supplementation in Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Klemens König, Peter Rosenberger, Valbona Mirakaj
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Molecular Genetic Analysis of Nonclassic Steroid 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency Associated with HLA-B14,DR1
Authors: Phyllis W. Speiser, Maria I. New, Perrin C. White
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Nonclassic steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency is a frequent, relatively mild disorder of cortisol biosynthesis, characterized by variable signs of postnatal androgen excess. It is inherited as an allelic variant of the gene designated CYP21B, which encodes 21-hydroxylase. CYP21B is located in the HLA histocompatibility complex, and a "nonclassic" allelic variant is often associated with characteristic HLA antigens — B14,DR1. We cloned and analyzed the CYP21B gene from a patient homozygous for HLA-B14,DR1 who had nonclassic 21 -hydroxylase deficiency. Five deviations from the normal genetic sequence of CYP21B were found, but only one appeared likely to affect the functional integrity of the protein: codon 281, GTG, encoding valine, was changed to 7TG, leucine. We constructed an oligonucleotide probe corresponding to the mutant DNA sequence surrounding codon 281 and hybridized the probe with DNA samples digested with the restriction endonuclease Taql. Samples from eight patients with nonclassic 21 -hydroxylase deficiency who had the haplotype HLA-B14,DR1 contained a hybridizing fragment 3700 base pairs long, indicating the presence of the valine-281 mutation in the CYP21B gene. In contrast, unaffected subjects and one patient with nonclassic deficiency who did not have HLA-B14,DR1 had no evidence of this mutation. We conclude that the mutation in codon 281 is a consistent molecular genetic marker for nonclassic 21-hydroxylase deficiency associated with HLA-B14,DR1. (N Engl J Med 1988;319:19–23.)
Ankylosing spondylitis and adenocarcinoma of the lung
Authors: M. J. Ahern, P. Maddison, S. Mann, C. A. Scott
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

A man with long standing and severe ankylosing spondylitis, treated with radiotherapy, developed a primary adenocarcinoma of the lung in an area of apical fibrosis. The significance of this is discussed and the literature reviewed.
Myxedema and Corticosteroids
Authors: Richard B. Hunter
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I would like to take belated but nevertheless emphatic exception to a consultant's response in theQUESTIONS AND ANSWERScolumn (<b>202</b>:1157, 1967). The first question asked: "Should patients with uncomplicated primary myxedema be treated with corticosteroids along with thyroid hormone and how much should be used?" The response indicated that cortisone acetate should be employed in this specific situation in a declining fashion. A formidable precedent has been established and confirmed by most physicians who have met this situation. That the exhibition of corticosteroids would ever be appropriate strikes me as being superfluous and possibly of potential harm. No one discounts the relevance of steroids in the hypothyroid patient that might be at the time of discovery encountering stress, ie, surgery, acute infection, or other challenging illness. Otherwise, it just seems unnecessary to concern oneself with the incredible statistical improbability of Schmidt's syndrome, much less with