tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TREATMENT OF UTERINE FIBROMYOMAS
Authors: WILLIAM E. COSTOLOW
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Several years ago a report<sup>1</sup>was published on 604 patients with uterine fibromyoma treated between 1921 and 1926 by means of radiation therapy in our practice (Soiland, Costolow and Meland). Since that time 1,137 additional patients have been treated. A statistical analysis has been made of 1,009 of those treated between 1927 and 1937, with a follow-up of from two and one-half to twelve and one-half years. Of this group, 23 were either "lost" or impossible to follow for a two and one-half year period. However, several of these patients showed improvement when last examined, and we believe the final results would conform to the findings of the large group. It is doubtful if many of them were later operated on, as it is logical to assume that those patients who found treatment unsatisfactory would have returned. At any rate, in analyzing a large group of 986 cases, 23
Are the drug-regulatory agencies paper villains?
Authors: T Smith
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Many doctors seem to believe that governmental controls on drug safety came into being only as a result of the thalidomide disaster.In fact, the first public demands for government action on drug safety came as a result of the fatal poisoning in 1938 of 107 Americans by a liquid formulation of sulphanilamide.The manufacturers found that the drug was insoluble in water and made up an elixir based on diethylene glycol.No toxicity tests were carried out before the mixture was given out to dentists and doctors.The scandal that resulted from the deaths led to the United States Congress passing a law requiring all new products and reformulations to be submitted to the Food and Drug Administration.In the early 1960s, however, most countries still had no formal machinery for regulating the introduction of new drugs- when the impact of the thalidomide affair was sufficiently dramatic for there to be a public demand for official bodies to monitor drug safety.In Britain Sir Derrick Dunlop became the first chairman of the Committee on Safety of Drugs, which acted without statutory powers until the establishment of the Medicines Commission with its Committee on Safety of Medicines.Most Western countries now have comparable organisations-and so do an increasing proportion of the nations of Africa, Asia, and South America. Assessment of new drugsWhat happens nowadays when a pharmaceutical manu- facturer begins the development of a new drug?First of all, he must assemble data on the drug's toxicity in animals-on its acute (single dose), subchronic (10 days), and chronic (six months plus)toxicity; on reproduction and teratogenicity; often on carcinogenicity (testing for the animals' lifetimes); and on mutagenicity in laboratory tests.Only if these animal screening tests give essentially negative results will the drug go forward for studies in man.Assessment of new chemical entities in man progresses in four phases.Firstly, the drug is given to human volunteers in small doses to compare the results with the pharmacological data obtained in animals and to see how man tolerates the compound (phase I studies).Phase two studies, which in Britain have until very recently always required a clinical trials certificate from the Department of Health and Social Security, consist of limited trials in perhaps 40 or 50 patients to see whether or not the drug is effective therapeutically as well as being pharmacologically.If the drug passes through its phase two studies satisfactorily it can enter phase three-wide-scale clinical trials with many more investigators.This phase may be prolonged if extensive trials are thought necessary or if-as is
Calculating Body Mass Index
Authors: Herman M. Frankel, Jean C. Staeheli
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters15 October 1992Calculating Body Mass IndexHerman M. Frankel, MD, Jean C. StaeheliHerman M. Frankel, MD, Jean C. StaeheliAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-117-8-698_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:The 1985 National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Development Panel on Health Implications of Obesity recommended that physicians adopt the body mass index (BMI) (body weight in kilograms divided by square of height in meters) in evaluating patients (1). The 1992 NIH Technology Assessment Conference Panel on Methods for Voluntary Weight Loss and Control noted its importance as "a widely used means to define overweight" (2). Nomograms and tables for determining BMI have long been available, as has the Portland Health Institute Body Mass Index Graph (3). More than 1000 free copies have been mailed after receipt...References1. . Health implications of obesity: National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference statement. Ann Intern Med. 1985;103:147-51; Ann Intern Med. 1985;103(Suppl 6, Part 2): 1073-7. LinkGoogle Scholar2. . Methods for voluntary weight loss and control: Technology Assessment Conference statement. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116:942-9. LinkGoogle Scholar3. Frankel H. Determination of body mass index. JAMA. 1986;255:1292. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Herman M. Frankel, MD; Jean C. StaeheliAffiliations: Portland Health Institute, Inc. Portland, OR 97219-4028 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAdvances in Immunosuppressive Agents Based on Signal PathwayRevisiting embodied approach and avoidance effects on behavior: The influence of sitting posture on purchases of rewarding foodsRace Differences in Physical Activity Uptake Within a Workplace Wellness Program: A Comparison of Black and White EmployeesAll trans retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukemiaA 51-year retrospective study of the trends of height, weight and body mass index at the time of death in those aged 16–103 15 October 1992Volume 117, Issue 8Page: 698-699KeywordsBody mass indexBody weightObesityOverweightWeight loss ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 October 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
High Technology Medicine: Benefits and Burdens
Authors: Nicholas E. Davies
Journal: JAMA (1987)

If William B. Schwartz<sup>1</sup>is correct— that is, if the rate of increase in the cost of health care continues unless limitations are placed on medical technology or services are rationed—then this new book on the pros and cons, the up-side and the down-side, the benefits and the burdens of medical high technology may one day become a minor classic. The qualifier "minor" is used because the book is sometimes superficial, sometimes wordy, sometimes explores only the high-technology problems of Great Britain, and, as might be expected from a neurosurgeon author, uses many neurosurgical examples in the text. Yet it is well written, covers most pertinent topics in the field, has an excellent, modern bibliography with 377 references, and contains some helpful illustrations. This book will be useful as a primer to laymen and health care workers alike. It is an excellent introduction to a complex and important medical
Atlas of Diagnostic Oncology
Authors: Andrew L. Feldman
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Incontinence campaign tests limits of advertising rules
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The first television commercial in a nationwide campaign in the United Kingdom designed to raise awareness of incontinence was aired this week. The campaign, which is being mounted by a leading drug company, has raised fears that it might spearhead a development which will increase pressure on the already overstretched NHS drugs budget.

The £1m ($1.6m) campaign by Pharmacia and Upjohn, manufacturer of the incontinence drug Detrusitol (tolterodine tartrate), will test the rules banning the advertising of prescription only drugs direct to the public, and the outcome is being closely watched by other pharmaceutical companies.

Posters and magazine and …
Induction of atrial fibrillation and nerve sprouting by prolonged left atrial pacing in dogs
Authors: Akira Hamabe, Che-Ming Chang, Shengmei Zhou, Yasushi Miyauchi, Yuji Okuyama, Michael C. Fishbein, Hrayr S. Karagueuzian, Lan S. Chen, Peng-Sheng Chen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Recent changes in the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults
Authors: Hannah J Durrington, Charlotte Summers
Journal: BMJ (2008)

In 1901 William Osler described pneumonia as the "captain of the men of death." 1 Mortality has altered little since penicillin became routinely available, and community acquired pneumonia remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide. 2Here, we review studies published in the past two years and focus on changes in the aetiology, stratification of severity, and antimicrobial management of community acquired pneumonia in adults.
Safety and Side Effects of Sustained-Release Niacin
Authors: Carl J. Lavie
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To  Editor.  —We read with interest  recent article by Dr McKenney and colleagues,1which reported a strikingly high rate of adverse effects, especially hepatotoxicity, in patients treated with niacin, particularly those treated with one brand of SR niacin. Although we believe that their study has some merit, their conclusion that the SR form of niacin is hepatotoxic and should be restricted from use is unwarranted and may only be applicable to  particular agent that they studied. The authors state that many SR preparations can cause hepatotoxicity, but also mentioned that other investigators have found few cases of hepatotoxicity with SR niacin, thus suggesting that  prevalence of this problem may be different with various SR preparations. This has certainly been our experience with one preparation, Slo-Niacin (Upsher-Smith Laboratories, Minneapolis, Minn). In a 3-month study of 36 patients (average dose, 2400 mg/d), only one patient (3%) had
Monitor will tighten procedures to ensure that hospitals under investigation disclose all "potentially significant" items
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

An NHS trust that was embroiled in a major care scandal just months after the regulator Monitor approved its application to become a foundation trust withheld a damning report during the approval process, it has emerged.

University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Trust failed to disclose to Monitor or the Care Quality Commission (CQC) that a review it commissioned into its maternity services had found serious concerns about clinical governance and poor working relationships.

The trust’s failure to pass on the findings or even the existence of the report has emerged from an investigation by KPMG, which Monitor had commissioned to look into …
Despite the Odds — Providing Reproductive Health Care to Afghan Women
Authors: Sima Samar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

The majority of women in Afghanistan have never seen a doctor. Twenty-three years of war destroyed the few existing health care facilities, and women's health has suffered from the violence of warfare, the lack of economic development, and the strengthening of Islamic fundamentalism.In 1982, in the midst of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, I graduated from Kabul University's School of Medicine. After only a four-month residency at the Wazir Akhbar Khan Hospital, I had to flee Kabul for central Afghanistan, where I had been born and which was not yet under Soviet control. I arrived in Jaghori with only . . .
Hyaluronan nanoparticles bearing γ-secretase inhibitor: In vivo therapeutic effects on rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Roun Heo, Jong-Sung Park, Hye Jin Jang, Seol-Hee Kim, Jung Min Shin, Yung Doug Suh, Ji Hoon Jeong, Dong-Gyu Jo, Jae Hyung Park
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Effects of propranolol on atherogenesis in the cholesterol-fed rabbit.
Authors: A V Chobanian, P Brecher, C Chan
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

These studies have examined the effects of dl-propranolol, d-propranolol, and metoprolol on aortic atherogenesis in the cholesterol-fed rabbit and have correlated the vascular effects of the drugs with their influence on blood pressure, plasma lipids and lipoproteins, arterial metabolism, and arterial permeability. dl-Propranolol, and, to a lesser extent, d-propranolol, used in clinically relevant doses of 5 mg/kg body weight per day, inhibited the development of aortic atherosclerosis in association with significant reductions in aortic free and esterified cholesterol content. No significant effects of the drugs on blood pressure or on the total amounts or types of circulating lipoproteins were apparent. Accumulation of cholesterol in the liver and adrenal gland was not influenced by propranolol. Aortic acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase and lysosomal enzyme activities were reduced by propranolol administration, but the inhibition may have been secondary to the lesser degrees of atherosclerosis and cholesterol accumulation present. In vitro inhibition of acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase activity by either dl- or d-propranolol was also observed, but occurred only at propranolol concentrations of 10(-3) M or greater. Treatment with dl-propranolol had no significant effect on the rate of transport of labeled albumin across the isolated carotid artery of cholesterol-fed rabbits. Metoprolol administration (6.25 mg/kg body weight per day) had no significant influence on atherogenesis or arterial metabolism in this model. The results suggest that propranolol inhibits in part the development of atherosclerosis in the cholesterol-fed rabbit, and that the effect may be related to a direct action on the arterial wall.
Abstract 1339: Mitochondrial DNA copy number is prospectively associated with breast cancer risk.
Authors: Bharat Thyagarajan, Renwei Wang, Helene Barcelo, Heather Nelson, Woon Puay Koh, Jian Min Yuan
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract A previous case-control study reported a positive association between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in peripheral blood and breast cancer risk. However, data on mtDNA copy number and breast cancer risk in prospective cohorts is lacking. We evaluated the prospective association between mtDNA copy number and breast cancer risk in the Singapore Chinese Health Study. We conducted a nested case-control study of 183 incident breast cancer cases with pre-diagnostic blood samples and 529 individually matched control women who were free of breast cancer. The mtDNA copy number was measured using real time PCR. Conditional logistic regression methods were employed to examine the association between mtDNA copy number and breast cancer risk. Overall, there was no association between mtDNA copy number and breast cancer after adjustment for potential confounders (p=0.37). Among participants who donated a blood sample within 3 years of breast cancer diagnosis women in the second and third tertile of mtDNA copy number had a significantly increased breast cancer risk as compared to those in the lowest mtDNA copy number tertile (odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.84 (0.93-3.64) and 2.13 (1.09-4.17) respectively; p for trend = 0.03). There was no association between mtDNA copy number and breast cancer risk among women who donated a blood sample ≥ 3 years before breast cancer diagnosis (p for trend = 0.73). This study supports a prospective association between increased mtDNA copy number and breast cancer risk that is dependent on the time interval between blood collection and breast cancer diagnosis. Citation Format: Bharat Thyagarajan, Renwei Wang, Helene Barcelo, Heather Nelson, Woon Puay Koh, Jian Min Yuan. Mitochondrial DNA copy number is prospectively associated with breast cancer risk. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1339. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1339
Ballon intra-gastrique et obésité: résultats d'une étude prospective multicentrique franco-belge avec le ballon Heliosphère
Authors: F Mion, P Renkes, B Coffin, M Van Calck, S Beorchia, H Claudez, J Escourrou, A Laquière, PA Dalbiès, P Bulois, M Hagiage, S Muron
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Objectif: Le ballon intra-gastrique a été validé comme alternative à la chirurgie bariatrique pour le traitement de l'obésité morbide par la HAS en 2004. Le but de cette étude était d'évaluer les résultats sur une série prospective multicentrique franco-belge.
Accuracy of measurements of crown-rump length and biparietal diameter made by inexperienced operators using a real-time scanner.
Authors: I C Fulton
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Accuracy of measurements of crown-rump length and biparietal diameter made by inexperienced operators using a real-time scanner Ultrasonic measurements of crown-rump length and biparietal diameter in the first two trimesters of pregnancy give an accurate gestational age.' 2 Measurements obtained with real-time scanners and conventional compound B-scanners correlate well,4 5 as do measurements obtained by operators with differing experience using a real-time scanner.:'I carried out a study to compare measurements made by staff with and without scanning experience.Apparatus, methods, and results
Diagnostic accuracy of the APRI, FIB-4, and the Forns index for predicting liver fibrosis in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients: A validation study
Authors: Salvador Resino, Cristina Asensio, José María Bellón, Rocío Carmona, Pilar Miralles, Juan Carlos López, Jaime Cosín, Emilio Álvarez, Juan Berenguer
Journal: Journal of Infection (2011)
Greater Response to Placebo in Children Than in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Drug-Resistant Partial Epilepsy
Authors: Sylvain Rheims, Michel Cucherat, Alexis Arzimanoglou, Philippe Ryvlin
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

Despite guidelines establishing the need to perform comprehensive paediatric drug development programs, pivotal trials in children with epilepsy have been completed mostly in Phase IV as a postapproval replication of adult data. However, it has been shown that the treatment response in children can differ from that in adults. It has not been investigated whether differences in drug effect between adults and children might occur in the treatment of drug-resistant partial epilepsy, although such differences may have a substantial impact on the design and results of paediatric randomised controlled trials (RCTs).
Bone disease in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: prevalence, severity and prediction of progression
Authors: Paul Angulo, Terry M. Therneau, Roberta A Jorgensen, Carolee K. DeSotel, Kathleen S. Egan, E.Rolland Dickson, J.Eileen Hay, J.Eileen Hay, Keith D. Lindor
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Reduced collagenase gene expression in fibroblasts from hypertrophic scar tissue
Authors: M. ARAKAWA, A. HATMOCHI, Y. MORI, K. MORI, H. UEKI, T. MORIGUCHI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

The major histopathological feature of hypertrophic scar lesions is fibrosis, characterized by excessive accumulation of collagen. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is not only increased expression of collagen but also decreased expression of collagenase in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. We compared the expression of mRNA for alpha 1 (I) and alpha 1 (III) collagen, and collagenase in cultured fibroblasts from different portions of hypertrophic scars and normal dermis. In hypertrophic scar fibroblasts, increased levels of alpha 1 (I) and alpha 1 (III) collagen mRNAs were observed in fibroblasts from the edge and outside of scar tissue, while normal levels were noted in fibroblasts from the centre of this tissue. In contrast, decreased levels of collagenase mRNA were found in the hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. The reductions were: centre (25% of the control) greater than the edge (43% of the control) greater than the outside (84% of the control). The changes in the collagenase mRNA levels of the hypertrophic scar fibroblasts correlated well with decreased collagenolytic activity as determined by the degradation rate of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled type I collagen in fibroblast culture supernatant. These results suggest that decreased expression of collagenase in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts may be one possible cause for the excessive accumulation of collagen in the skin lesions of hypertrophic scars.
Effect of valve deformity on results and mitral regurgitation after Inoue balloon commissurotomy.
Authors: T Feldman, J D Carroll, J M Isner, R J Chisholm, D R Holmes, A Massumi, A D Pichard, H C Herrmann, S H Stertzer, W W O'Neill
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND The effect of valve deformity and patient age adversely affect the results of percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC) with conventional balloons. METHODS AND RESULTS These factors were characterized after PTMC with the Inoue balloon. The increases in mitral valve area and mitral regurgitation after the procedure were evaluated comparing echocardiographic score of 8 or less versus more than 8, age of less than 60 versus age of 60 years or more, and age of less than 70 versus age of 70 years or more. One hundred sixty-two patients (mean age, 52 +/- 14 years) were studied. For the entire group, mitral valve area increased from 1.0 to 1.8 cm2 (p less than 0.001). Valve area increased from 1.0 +/- 0.3 to 1.8 +/- 0.6 cm2 in patients with echocardiographic score of 8 or less (n = 102) and from 1.0 +/- 0.3 to 1.7 +/- 0.5 cm2 with echocardiographic score of more than 8 (n = 44). Patients less than 60 years old (n = 104) had increases in valve area from 1.0 +/- 0.3 to 1.8 +/- 0.6 cm2 versus 1.0 +/- 0.4 to 1.8 +/- 0.6 cm2 for those 60 years old or older (n = 50) (p = NS). There was no significant difference in resultant valve area when the age division was increased to less than 70 versus 70 years or more. Similarly, the percentage of patients with 2+ or greater increase in mitral regurgitation was not different for those with higher than for those with lower echocardiographic scores (4% versus 12%, p = NS), age of less than 60 versus age of 60 years or more (10% versus 10%, p = NS), or age of less than 70 versus age of 70 or more years (9% versus 18%, p = NS). Valve replacement for mitral regurgitation was performed in four patients (one emergency), all with echocardiographic scores of less than 8. CONCLUSIONS Age and extent of valve deformity do not have significant effects on acute results of PTMC using the Inoue balloon. Unique balloon geometry or the controlled, stepwise balloon sizing may explain these acceptable acute results in patients with more-deformed valves.