tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
STREPTOCOCCI OCCURRING IN SOUR MILK
Authors: F. S. Jones
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1921)

A well defined group of rod-like and coccoid organisms arranged in pairs and chains has been encountered in sour milk. The group comprises at least three species; the largest number ferment dextrose, lactose, maltose, mannitol, and salicin, and fail to ferment saccharose, raffinose, and inulin. A smaller number ferment saccharose in addition to dextrose, lactose, maltose, mannitol, and salicin. A few fail to attack mannitol. All three types grow luxuriantly at room temperature, coagulate milk, reduce litmus, and produce large amounts of acid in fermented bouillon containing dextrose. Specific morphological and cultural differences exist between the lactic acid streptococci and those associated with mastitis and those occurring in the udder. The lactic acid organisms outgrow the udder streptococci in the milk-souring process. When both types are implanted in sterile milk the udder type soon disappears.
Ketotifen and Methacholine‐Induced Bronchospasm
Authors: M. K. T. Tjwa, J. Smeets, F. Maesen
Journal: Allergy (1986)

In a double‐blind investigation the aspecific bronchus threshold was estimated by administration of methacholine to 16 young atopic patients with proven airways hyper‐reactivity (PC 20 histamine 2 mg/ml. The influence of prolonged oral administration (12 weeks) of ketotifen (2 mg/day) on the bronchus threshold value has been studied. No significant elevation was found. It could be concluded that administration of ketotifen, even in prolonged administration, has no anticholenergic effects.
Tenascin mRNA Expression at the Foci of Recent Injury in Usual Interstitial Pneumonia
Authors: PAAVO PÄÄKKÖ, RIITTA KAARTEENAHO-WIIK, RAIMO PÖLLÄNEN, YLERMI SOINI
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

To elucidate which cells are synthesizing tenascin in usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) we have analyzed thoracoscopic or open lung biopsies from 30 patients with UIP by mRNA in situ hybridization, using 35S-labeled tenascin RNA probes. The phenotype of the cells expressing tenascin mRNA was confirmed by immunohistochemical stainings of serial sections with antibodies against α -smooth muscle actin and human cytokeratin. The results demonstrate that tenascin is expressed at the foci of recent lesions consisting of intralumenal or incorporating loose fibrotic buds. The cells expressing tenascin mRNA were located in and underneath the newly formed epithelium. Immunohistochemical stainings showed that the cells in the newly formed epithelium were strongly cytokeratin positive, and thus evidently regenerating type 2 pneumocytes, while the cells underneath the newly formed epithelium were α -smooth muscle actin positive and apparently myofibroblasts. Tenascin mRNA expression was clearly stronger and more frequent in myofibroblasts than in type 2 pneumocytes, however. Weak tenascin mRNA expression was also found in metaplastic bronchiolar-type epithelium and alveolar macrophages. Our results are thus in good agreement with the previous studies showing that tenascin is actively synthesized at the early fibrotic lesions in UIP. Furthermore, results demonstrate that the interaction between the epithelium and the underlying connective tissue plays a significant role in tenascin synthesis and that myofibroblasts are mainly responsible for its synthesis in fibroblastic foci of UIP. Pääkkö P, Kaarteenaho-Wiik R, Pöllänen R, Soini Y. Tenascin mRNA expression at the foci of recent injury in usual interstitial pneumonia.
EXPLANATION AND DEMONSTRATION OF THE INFILTRATION (SCHLEICH) METHOD OF ANESTHESIA—PRELIMINARY PAPER—WITH TEN ILLUSTRATIONS.Read before the Milwaukee Medical Society, Nov. 27, 1894.
Authors: H. V. WÜRDEMANN
Journal: JAMA (1894)

[Your attention is invited to a subject which from the humanitarian standpoint is of the greatest importance and of practical value to us as surgeons. Much of the effort of our profession is directed toward the relief or prevention of pain. Distinct advances in our art followed the introduction of the various narcotics, and the science of surgery took a long step forward when the use of sulphuric ether for anesthesia was discovered Sept. 30, 1846, by Dr. Wm. T. G. Morton, of Wellesley, Mass., and chloroform by Sir James Simpson, of Edinburgh, on Nov. 4, 1847; and these names will ever live in our memory. But the great boon of narcosis is not unalloyed. Thousands have died from the effects of the volatile anesthetics, and every time we administer them we take upon ourselves the responsibility of a human life. Ether kills once in 15,000 administrations; chloroform once in
Effects of theophylline and dibutyryl cyclic AMP on proliferation and keratinization of human keratinocytes
Authors: DHARAM P. CHOPRA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

Journal Article Effects of theophylline and dibutyryl cyclic AMP on proliferation and keratinization of human keratinocytes Get access DHARAM P. CHOPRA DHARAM P. CHOPRA Southern Research Institute, Cell Biology Division, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, Ala. 35205, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 96, Issue 3, 1 March 1977, Pages 255–262, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1977.tb06134.x Published: 01 March 1977
The clinical spectrum of Castleman's disease
Authors: Angela Dispenzieri, James O. Armitage, Matt J. Loe, Susan M. Geyer, Jake Allred, John K. Camoriano, David M. Menke, Dennis D. Weisenburger, Kay Ristow, Ahmet Dogan, Thomas M. Habermann
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Castleman's disease (CD) is a rare, poorly understood lymphoproliferative disease. The spectrum of symptoms and course of disease are broad, but there is no large study describing the natural history of this disease. Basic clinic and laboratory data from the records of 113 patients with CD evaluated at the Mayo Clinic and University of Nebraska were abstracted. The impact of these variables on overall survival (OS) from time of diagnosis was evaluated. Sixty patients had multicentric disease. Of the patients with multicentric CD, 32% had criteria sufficient for a diagnosis of POEMS syndrome. For all patients, 2, 5, and 10-year OS was 92%, 76%, 59%, respectively. Most of the factors identified as risk factors for death on univariate analysis cosegregated with diagnostic criteria for POEMS syndrome, which supported the concept of four categories of CD, which are (along with their 5-year OS): (1) unicentric CD (91%); (2) multicentric CD associated with the osteosclerotic variant of POEMS syndrome (90%); (3); multicentric CD without POEMS syndrome (65%); and (4) multicentric CD with POEMS syndrome without osteosclerotic lesions (27%). We have demonstrated that CD represents a spectrum of disease that can be differentiated by simple prognostic factors that provide a framework for further study.
Wives' ischemic heart disease linked with husbands' smoking
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Nonsmoking women whose husbands do smoke appear to be at greater risk of dying from ischemic heart disease than wives of nonsmokers, according to University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine scientists (<i>Am J Epidemiol</i>1985;121:645-650). The authors, however, call for caution in interpreting their results, terming them "provocative rather than definitive." Cedric Garland, DPH, assistant professor of community and family medicine and principal author, emphasizes: "This should be considered an exploratory study. I hope other researchers are stimulated to see if the risk is present in larger population groups over a longer period." The prospective study was conducted in Rancho Bernardo, a suburb of San Diego that the investigators describe as "a community of older adults." A total of 695 married women, aged 50 to 79 years, who never had smoked, were entered in the study between 1972 and 1974, categorized by whether their husbands were nonsmokers (never
The Proust effect and the evolution of a dual learning system
Authors: Helena Matute, Miguel A. Vadillo
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract Proust's madeleine illustrates the automatic nature of associative learning. Although we agree with Mitchell et al. that no compelling scientific proof for this effect has yet been reported in humans, evolutionary constraints suggest that it should not be discarded: There is no reason by which natural selection should favor individuals who lose a fast and automatic survival tool.
Seasonal Onset of Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: H. C. Falkson
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Agranulocytosis after Penicillamine and AntazolineSIR,-Penicillamine is an amino-acid, /31-dimethyl cysteine, which is obtained when penicillin is hydrolysed.It has chelating properties owing to the presence of an SH- group and is used therapeutically primarily in cases of Wilson's disease' 2 and lead poison- ing.`The most common side-effects are
Transit times of food in patients with diverticulosis or irritable colon syndrome and normal subjects.
Authors: O. N. Manousos, S. C. Truelove, K. Lumsden
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Methods and SubjectsThe radiological appearances of the colon of 109 subjects without gastrointestinal symptoms were studied.The majority of the subjects were healthv volunteers who were either members of the staff of the Radcliffe Infirmary or visitors to inpatients.A minority of the subjects were patients in a geriatric unit (Cowley Road Hospital, Oxford) who were volunteers and who were completely free from gastrointestinal symptoms.
Chemokine 25–induced signaling suppresses colon cancer invasion and metastasis
Authors: Huanhuan Joyce Chen, Robert Edwards, Serena Tucci, Pengcheng Bu, Jeff Milsom, Sang Lee, Winfried Edelmann, Zeynep H. Gümüs, Xiling Shen, Steven Lipkin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Chemotactic cytokines (chemokines) can help regulate tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Here, we show that chemokine 25 (CCL25) and its cognate receptor chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9) inhibit colorectal cancer (CRC) invasion and metastasis. We found that CCR9 protein expression levels were highest in colon adenomas and progressively decreased in invasive and metastatic CRCs. CCR9 was expressed in both primary tumor cell cultures and colon-cancer-initiating cell (CCIC) lines derived from early-stage CRCs but not from metastatic CRC. CCL25 stimulated cell proliferation by activating AKT signaling. In vivo, systemically injected CCR9+ early-stage CCICs led to the formation of orthotopic gastrointestinal xenograft tumors. Blocking CCR9 signaling inhibited CRC tumor formation in the native gastrointestinal CCL25+ microenvironment, while increasing extraintestinal tumor incidence. NOTCH signaling, which promotes CRC metastasis, increased extraintestinal tumor frequency by stimulating CCR9 proteasomal degradation. Overall, these data indicate that CCL25 and CCR9 regulate CRC progression and invasion and further demonstrate an appropriate in vivo experimental system to study CRC progression in the native colon microenvironment.
Abnormalities of growth hormone release in response to human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor (GRF (1-44) ) in acromegaly and hypopituitarism.
Authors: S M Wood, J L Ch'ng, E F Adams, J D Webster, G F Joplin, K Mashiter, S R Bloom
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor (GRF (1-44)) is the parent molecule of several peptides recently extracted from pancreatic tumours associated with acromegaly. A study was conducted to examine its effects on the release of growth hormone in normal volunteers and in patients with hypopituitarism and acromegaly. GRF (1-44) dose dependently stimulated the release of growth hormone in normal people and produced no appreciable side effect. This response was grossly impaired in patients with hypopituitarism and, although similar to the growth hormone response to hypoglycaemia, was of quicker onset and a more sensitive test of residual growth hormone function. Patients with acromegaly appeared to fall into (a) those with a normal response to GRF, whose growth hormone suppressed significantly with oral glucose, and (b) those who had an exaggerated response to GRF (1-44), whose growth hormone had not suppressed previously after oral glucose. Present methods for testing growth hormone deficiency entail using the insulin stress test, which is time consuming, unpleasant, and sometimes dangerous. A single intravenous injection of GRF now offers the possibility of an easier, safer, and more reliable routine test for growth hormone deficiency. It has the further advantage of being free of side effects and readily performed in outpatients. Hence it seems likely to become the standard test and take the place of the insulin stress test.
Serum chemokine profiles in patients with alopecia areata
Authors: Y. Kuwano, M. Fujimoto, R. Watanabe, N. Ishiura, H. Nakashima, Y. Ohno, S. Yano, N. Yazawa, H. Okochi, K. Tamaki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Although chemokines play an important role in various inflammatory diseases, there have been few studies about the role of chemokines in alopecia areata (AA).To determine serum levels of chemokines in patients with AA and their clinical correlations.Serum samples from 85 patients with AA, 20 patients with atopic dermatitis, 20 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 28 normal controls were examined by the cytometric bead array assay assessing monokine induced by interferon (IFN)-gamma (MIG), RANTES, interleukin-8 (IL-8), IFN-inducible protein-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, MIP-1beta and eotaxin levels. Secreted chemokine levels from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with AA were also investigated.Serum MIG, RANTES, IL-8 and eotaxin levels were selectively increased in patients with AA compared with normal controls. Levels of MIG, RANTES and IL-8 secreted from PBMC of patients with AA were also increased. Furthermore, elevated serum MIG and RANTES levels significantly correlated with the disease activity. RANTES levels were nonsignificantly associated with a predisposition to atopy.These results suggest that MIG and RANTES play an important role in the development of AA and are useful as markers of disease activity and as therapeutic targets.
Sugary drinks in schools increase the risk of obesity in adolescents, study finds
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

More evidence that the school environment influences children’s eating behaviour and weight has come from a Canadian study that found that the availability and consumption of sugar sweetened drinks in secondary schools is associated with higher rates of obesity in adolescents.

The study adds support for measures to tackle obesity to include a reduced intake of sugar. Earlier this month the World Health Organization recommended the average daily recommended intake of sugar should be halved to 5% or less of a person’s total energy consumption in …
Hepatitis C virus quasispecies in HIV-infected women: Role of injecting drug use and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)
Authors: Tomasz Laskus, Jeffrey Wilkinson, Roksana Karim, Wendy Mack, Marek Radkowski, Marina deGiacomo, Jonathan Nasseri, Zhi Chen, Jiaao Xu, Andrea Kovacs
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Despite the high frequency of HCV and HIV coinfection, little is known about HCV quasispecies in HIV-positive patients. The current analysis included 236 HIV+/anti-HCV+ women enrolled in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Hypervariable region 1 of the second envelope gene was analyzed by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). The relationship between the HCV quasispecies and clinical and demographic features were analyzed in multivariate models. Age over 40 years and high HCV RNA load were the only factors significantly associated with quasispecies complexity, assessed as the number of SSCP bands. High HIV and HCV plasma loads were associated with quasispecies stability over time, as reflected by stable SSCP band patterns. However, women who were actively injecting drugs were 3 times more likely to experience quasispecies changes than their noninjecting counterparts. No affect on HCV quasispecies dynamics was noted in relation to CD4 count or highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Conclusion: among HIV/HCV coinfected patients, HCV quasispecies complexity and dynamics correlate more closely with HIV and HCV plasma loads than with CD4+ cell counts. Active drug use is associated with quasispecies changes probably due to repeated superinfections with new HCV strains. This needs to be considered when planning treatment and prevention strategies for HCV in coinfected individuals. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)
mRNA expression levels of methotrexate resistance-related proteins in childhood leukemia as determined by a standardized competitive template-based RT-PCR method
Authors: MG Rots, JC Willey, G Jansen, CH Van Zantwijk, P Noordhuis, JP DeMuth, E Kuiper, AJP Veerman, R Pieters, GJ Peters
Journal: Leukemia (2000)
Intramural Esophageal Hematoma in a Hemophiliac
Authors: Derek Oldenburger
Journal: JAMA (1977)

GASTROINTESTINAL bleeding is an uncommon, although serious, complication of hemophilia.<sup>1</sup>Intramural hemorrhage in the gastrointestinal tract has been described in the stomach, small intestine, and colon.<sup>2,3</sup>This report presents the first case, to our knowledge, of spontaneous esophageal bleeding in a hemophiliac. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 38-year-old man with hemophilia A was waiting in a dentist's office when he suddenly became nauseated and then had five successive, painless hematemeses. He had no previous abdominal complaints or change in bowel habits or history of gastrointestinal bleeding. He did not use alcohol, but he did take approximately 100 tablets per week of Percodan (a mixture of oxycodone, caffeine, aspirin, and phenacetin). Previous complications caused by hemophilia were hemarthroses and intramuscular bleeding. On physical examination, the only abnormal finding was deformity and limitation of motion of the joints. There was no abdominal tenderness, nor was a mass palpated. Stool was
S107 Comparison of high-stretch versus atelectasis in the pathophysiology of ventilator-induced lung injury using the mouse isolated perfused lung
Authors: K. Wakabayashi, M. R. Wilson, K. P. O'Dea, M. Takata
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Mechanical ventilation promotes pulmonary inflammation and oedema formation, a process known as ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Various aspects of ventilation have been proposed as injurious, including over distension of alveoli and the repetitive collapse and reopening of lung units associated with atelectasis. Here we attempt to elucidate the impact of these distinct entities on the pathophysiology of VILI, using a mouse isolated perfused lung, which enables us to study the effects of stretch versus atelectasis in the absence of extra pulmonary factors. <h3>Methods</h3> Lungs were obtained from male C57BL6 mice, and allocated to one of three groups, that is, control, atelectasis or high-stretch. All the lungs were ventilated with respiratory rate of 80/min, and perfused at 25 ml/kg/min in a recirculating manner with non-blood buffer for 3 h. In the control group, low tidal volume (7 ml/kg) with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP; 5 cmH<sub>2</sub>O) and regular deep inflation (DI; 25 cmH<sub>2</sub>O, every 15 min) was applied. The atelectasis group received the same low tidal volume, but neither PEEP nor DI. In the high-stretch group, lungs were ventilated with high tidal volume (30–32 ml/kg) and both PEEP (3 cmH<sub>2</sub>O) and DI. Perfusate and lung lavage samples were taken at the end of experiments for analysis of total protein and chemokines. <h3>Results</h3> The lungs in the atelectasis and high-stretch groups developed similar, severe pulmonary oedema as represented by increases in protein levels in lavage fluid. High-stretch induced substantial increases in both perfusate and lavage fluid chemokines, compared to controls. In stark contrast, the atelectasis group showed similar low levels of chemokines in perfusate, with only slight increases in lavage fluid chemokines, compared to controls (Abstract S107 Table 1). <h3>Conclusion</h3> While both high-stretch and atelectasis can induce barrier dysfunction, only high-stretch induced substantial production of chemokines by the lung and their release into the circulation. These findings suggest that over distension of the lung, rather than collapse/reopening associated with atelectasis, primarily contributes to the exacerbated pulmonary and systemic inflammation during VILI. Our results may provide insights into why addition of PEEP to limit atelectasis has limited clinical outcome benefit in ventilated patients with acute lung injury.
Acute promyelocytic leukemia presenting as sudden blindness and sinus vein thrombosis
Authors: Anna Hazani, Yaakov Weidenfeld, Llana Tatarsky, Efraim Bental
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract An 11‐year‐old boy was hospitalized with sudden blindness and sagittal sinus vein thrombosis, which were the presenting signs of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The association of disseminated intravascular clotting (DIC) with APL is well‐known, and DIC usually affects the smaller blood vessels. The obliteration of a large blood vessel, as in our case, is an uncommon manifestation of DIC. This presentation of acute childhood leukemia is unusual and, to the best of our knowledge, has not been previously reported.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Cystogastrostomy
Authors: M. Giovannini, K. Binmoeller, H. Seifert
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

The management of pancreatic pseudocysts (PPC) has traditionally been surgical. Although highly effective, surgery may be associated with a complication rate of 35 % and a mortality of 10 %. This has encouraged the development of nonsurgical approaches. Percutaneous puncture and aspiration under ultrasonographic or computed tomography (CT) guidance has been used, but aspiration alone has been found to be ineffective, with high recurrence rates of up to 71 %. Continuous percutaneous drainage with indwelling catheters reduces the relapse rates, but may be associated with a complication rate ranging from 5 % to 60 %. Complications include fistula formation, infection, and bleeding.