tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Are Particulate Matter Exposures Associated with Risk of Type 2 Diabetes?
Authors: Robin C. Puett, Jaime E. Hart, Joel Schwartz, Frank B. Hu, Angela D. Liese, Francine Laden
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Although studies have found that diabetes mellitus (DM) modifies the impact of exposures from air pollution on cardiovascular outcomes, information is limited regarding DM as an air pollution-associated outcome.Using two prospective cohorts, the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS), we investigated the relationship of incident type 2 DM with exposures to particulate matter (PM) < 2.5 µm (PM2.5), PM < 10 µm (PM10), and PM between 2.5 and 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10-2.5) in the previous 12 months and the distance to roadways.Cases were reported and confirmed through biennial and supplemental questionnaires of diagnosis and treatment information. During follow-up from 1989 to 2002, questionnaires provided information on time-varying covariates and updated addresses. Addresses were geocoded and used to assign air pollution exposures from spatiotemporal statistical models.Among participants living in metropolitan areas of the northeastern and midwestern United States, there were 3,784 incident cases of DM in the NHS, and 688 cases in the HPFS. Pooled results from random effects meta-analysis of cohort-specific models adjusted for body mass index and other known risk factors produced hazard ratios (HRs) for incident DM with interquartile range (IQR) increases in average PM during the 12 months before diagnosis of 1.03 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.96-1.10] for PM2.5, 1.04 (95% CI, 0.99-1.09) for PM10, and 1.04 (95% CI, 0.99-1.09) for PM10-2.5. Among women, the fully adjusted HR for living < 50 m versus ≥ 200 m from a roadway was 1.14 (95% CI, 1.03-1.27).Overall, results did not provide strong evidence of an association between exposure to PM in the previous 12 months and incident DM; however, an association with distance to road (a proxy marker of exposure to traffic-related pollution) was shown among women.
Postural Change and Volume Expansion Affect Plasma Endothelin Levels
Authors: Masayoshi Shichiri
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Endothelin-1 is a novel endothelium-derived, 21 amino acid polypeptide with potent vasoconstrictor/pressor actions.<sup>1</sup>Using a highly sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for endothelin-1, we recently showed that endothelin actually circulates at very low concentrations in man.<sup>2</sup>However, no information is yet available as to whether circulating endothelin levels change under physiological conditions. <h3>Study. —</h3> We studied whether postural changes and volume overload may affect plasma endothelin-1 concentrations in five healthy male volunteers (aged 29.3 ±7.1 years). After overnight fasting and recumbency, the plasma endothelin-1 level (mean± SEM) was 0.95 ±0.13 pg/mL. After being in the upright position for 2 hours, the plasma endothelin-1 concentration increased significantly to 1.63 ±0.30 pg/mL (<i>P</i>&lt;.025), whereas the level decreased significantly to 0.55 ±0.10 pg/mL after a 500-mL saline infusion (<i>P</i>&lt;.025) (Figure). Plasma renin activity also increased when upright and decreased after saline infusion (overnight recumbency, 1.75 ±0.31
Defend the right ventricle with what you know
Authors: M. Gomberg-Maitland
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

Right ventricle failure in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) has high mortality and is often unrecognised because the syndrome is less evident on exam than left heart failure. PH is an uncommon condition and management of patients with PH during critical illness is largely based on experience, as data from randomised clinical trials in this specific population do not exist. At the academic medical centres where relatively large numbers of PH patients are treated, the specialists and the intensivists who work with them share a common experience. Patients with decompensated right ventricle function and cardiogenic shock can look surprisingly stable, but reversing the shock or managing these brittle PH patients through an elective or emergent surgical procedure involves a delicate balance. Each intervention is determined by a mixture of physician experience, inference from physiology and by local practice norms, not randomised investigations.

In the current issue of the European Respiratory Journal , French clinician-scientists provide descriptive results of the largest database collected to date on patients experiencing acute right heart failure requiring admission to an intensive care unit 1 and patients requiring surgical procedures 2 at their internationally recognised centre. There have been few publications regarding the management of and outcomes from acute decompensated right heart failure or the peri-operative management of patients with PH. This prompted investigators in Paris to report their collective experience in these areas.

The readers of this journal are familiar with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a fatal group of diseases characterised by an elevated pulmonary vascular resistance with a normal pulmonary artery wedge pressure in the absence of chronic lung disease/hypoxia, chronic thromboembolic disease (CTEPH), or left heart disease. PAH is characterised by pulmonary vasoconstriction, endothelial dysfunction, excessive smooth muscle cell proliferation and in situ thrombosis 3–6. The consequence of this process …
Etiology of chronic hepatitis in France: predominant role of hepatitis C virus
Authors: Pascal Hammel, Patrick Marcellin, Michele Martinot-Peignoux, Bach-Nga Pham, Claude Degott, Régine Level, Valérie Lefort, Abdou Benhallem, Serge Erlinger, Jean-Pierre Benhamou
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1994)
Right Ventricle Wall Motion Abnormalities in Patients Treated with Chemotherapy
Authors: E C BARENDSWAARD, H PRPIC, E E VAN DER WALL, J A J CAMPS, H J KEIZER, E K J PAUWELS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Doxorubicin is a cytotoxic agent used in the treatment of patients with various malignancies. Its clinical value is limited by a dose-related cardiotoxicity. Wall motion was analyzed in 52 patients during different stages of treatment. Eleven patients were studied once, and in 41 patients serial radionuclide ventriculography was performed from 2 to 5 times. Abnormal wall motion was found in 96 out of 1,062 segments (9.0%), of which 33 out of 735 (4.5%) were in the left ventricle (LV) and 65 out of 327 (19.9%) were in the right ventricle (RV). The number of abnormalities in the RV was significantly higher than in the LV (P less than 0.001). Regional analysis of LV and RV in 109 40 degrees LAO studies and in 102 75 degrees LAO studies showed abnormal wall motion in the following segments: LV--posterobasal 6 (5.9%), inferior 2 (2.0%), anterior 5 (4.9%), anteroseptal 11 (10.1%), apical 5 (4.6%), posterolateral 4 (3.7%); RV--septal 44 (40.4%), apex 15 (13.8%), and the free wall 6 (5.5%). The left ventricular ejection fraction decreased from 74% median (M) in baseline studies to 54% (M) in the highest dose group (greater than 650 mg/m2). The present data show an increased number of wall motion abnormalities in the RV compared with the LV, particularly in the RV septum (P less than 0.001).
History of Smoking is Strongly Correlated with Decreased Exhaled Nitric Oxide, Eosinophils, and Serum Ecp in White but not African American Patients
Authors: E. Peters, J. Platts-Mills, L. Naccara, S. Crater, S. Lucas, T.A.E. Platts-Mills
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Retroviral Vectors for the Transduction of Autoregulated, Bidirectional Expression Cassettes
Authors: Jacqueline Unsinger, Andrea Kröger, Hansjörg Hauser, Dagmar Wirth
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Regulated transgene expression is increasingly used in research but is also needed for certain therapies. Regulatory systems are usually composed of two expression units, one bearing the gene of interest under control of a regulatable promoter and the other, a constitutively expressed transactivator that modulates the activity of the regulatable promoter. Because the cotransfer of two independent elements is not efficient in primary cells, single transduction step vectors conferring regulatable gene expression cassettes would be helpful. We have developed retroviral vectors containing an autoregulatory bidirectional expression cassette that encodes all components necessary for regulated expression of a gene of interest. The influence of the orientation of the reporter gene with respect to the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) and the effect of transcriptionally inactive LTRs were investigated using mouse leukemia virus (MLV) and self-inactivating (SIN)-based retroviral vectors. Strict regulation was observed when the reporter was inserted in antisense orientation with respect to the LTR, whereas a sense arrangement of the reporter resulted in a loss of regulation capacity. Expression and regulation of the antisense-orientated reporter gene were homogenous in infected cell pools and investigated cell clones. Long-term observations of infected cells over a period of 30 passages revealed stable expression and regulation. These autoregulated, bidirectional retroviral vectors combine the advantages of single-step transduction with strict regulation of the gene of interest in the infected target cells.
Risk of Deep Vein Thrombosis Following a Single Negative Whole-Leg Compression Ultrasound
Authors: Stacy A. Johnson, Scott M. Stevens, Scott C. Woller, Erica Lake, Marco Donadini, Ji Cheng, José Labarère, James D. Douketis
Journal: JAMA (2010)

In patients with suspected lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT), compression ultrasound (CUS) is typically the initial test to confirm or exclude DVT. Patients with an initial negative CUS result often require repeat CUS after 5 to 7 days. Whole-leg CUS may exclude proximal and distal DVT in a single evaluation.To determine the risk of venous thromboembolism after withholding anticoagulation in patients with suspected lower extremity DVT following a single negative whole-leg CUS result.MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS, Cochrane, and Health Technology Assessments databases were searched for articles published from January 1970 through November 2009. Supplemental searches were performed of Internet resources, reference lists, and by contacting content experts.Included studies were randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies of patients with suspected DVT and a negative whole-leg CUS result who did not receive anticoagulant therapy, and were followed up at least 90 days for venous thromboembolism events.Two authors independently reviewed and extracted data regarding a single positive or negative whole-leg CUS result, occurrence of venous thromboembolism during follow-up, and study quality.Seven studies were included totaling 4731 patients with negative whole-leg CUS examinations who did not receive anticoagulation. Of these, up to 647 patients (13.7%) had active cancer and up to 725 patients (15.3%) recently underwent a major surgery. Most participants were identified from an ambulatory setting. Venous thromboembolism or suspected venous thromboembolism-related death occurred in 34 patients (0.7%), including 11 patients with distal DVT (32.4%); 7 patients with proximal DVT (20.6%); 7 patients with nonfatal pulmonary emboli (20.6%); and 9 patients (26.5%) who died, possibly related to venous thromboembolism. Using a random-effects model with inverse variance weighting, the combined venous thromboembolism event rate at 3 months was 0.57% (95% confidence interval, 0.25%-0.89%).Withholding anticoagulation following a single negative whole-leg CUS result was associated with a low risk of venous thromboembolism during 3-month follow-up.
An Unusual Manifestation of Tegretol® (Carbamazepine) Toxicity
Authors: HERBERT BERGER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Letters and Comments1 March 1971An Unusual Manifestation of Tegretol® (Carbamazepine) ToxicityHERBERT BERGER, M.D.HERBERT BERGER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-3-449_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Carbamazepine (Tegretol®), introduced for relief from the agonizing pain of trigeminal neuralgia, is a highly toxic drug and should not be used for minor aches and pains. It should be used only for the acute and intolerable discomfort of tic douloureux. Among the many toxic reactions to the drug are such central nervous system effects as convulsions, coma, diplopia, ataxia, headache, confusion, speech disturbances, dizziness, drowsiness, agitation, and activation of a latent psychosis. This letter reports another central nervous system complication from its use—visual hallucinations.Patient J.D.W., a 76-year-old woman, had suffered from trigeminal neuralgia involving the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPhenytoin-induced visual disturbances mimicking Delirium Tremens in a childAcademicsSeizure types and modifying factorsAntiepileptic drug-induced visual hallucinations in a childACUTE PSYCHOSIS WITH CARBAMAZEPINE AND SODIUM VALPROATEA Fatal overdose of carbamazepine: Case report and review of literatureDrug-Induced Psychiatric Disorders and their ManagementCarbamazepineWAYNE E. CRILL, M.D. 1 March 1971Volume 74, Issue 3Page: 449-450KeywordsAtaxiaCentral nervous systemComaConvulsionsDrugsHallucinationsHeadachesPainPsychosesToxicity Issue Published: 1 March 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
AN UNUSUAL CASE OF RHINAL MYIASIS, WITH RECOVERY
Authors: O. Jason Dixon
Journal: JAMA (1924)

A man, aged 57, was referred to me by Dr. J. F. Hassig at St. Margaret's Hospital, with a complaint of worms in the nose. When I first saw him (Fig. 1), which was seven days after the first sensation of activity within the nose, he presented the exact picture of facial erysipelas. Over the bridge of the nose was a dark red area almost ready to break down. The nose, which was naturally quite high and large, was swollen and a glossy red. There was a profuse lacrimation, and the eyes were swollen nearly shut. The patient was semidelirious, with a pulse of 94 and a temperature of 101.6. It was impossible to get any history from him. He said that his head hurt, pointing to his nose and forehead, and he was too weak to sit up. He had been unable to sleep for three nights on account
Genomics and the evolution, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of tuberculosis
Authors: Joel D. Ernst, Giraldina Trevejo-Nuñez, Niaz Banaiee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Tuberculosis kills nearly 2 million people annually, and current approaches to tuberculosis control are expensive, have limited efficacy, and are vulnerable to being overcome by extensively drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Determination of the genome sequence of M. tuberculosis has revolutionized tuberculosis research, contributed to major advances in the understanding of the evolution and pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis, and facilitated development of new diagnostic tests with increased specificity for tuberculosis. In this review, we describe some of the major progress in tuberculosis research that has resulted from knowledge of the genome sequence and note some of the problems that remain unsolved.
Dynamics of respiratory tract colonization by Branhamella catarrhalis in bronchiectasis.
Authors: K L Klingman, A Pye, T F Murphy, S L Hill
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Branhamella catarrhalis is increasingly recognized as a lower respiratory tract pathogen, particularly in chronic lung diseases. This project defines a population of patients in whom the dynamics of colonization and infection caused by this organism could be studied. A method employing pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of genomic DNA was developed. Twenty-eight patients with bronchiectasis followed prospectively for 26.8 mo (mean) were seen monthly or bimonthly and at the time of a purulent exacerbation. Quantitative bacterial cultures were performed on sputum obtained at each visit. Six of 28 had B. catarrhalis isolated repeatedly. Viable numbers of B. catarrhalis were similar to other bacterial pathogens. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of chromosomal DNA using PFGE was performed on 37 of the 47 isolates recovered. Each patient was colonized by two to four strains with different RFLP patterns. Duration of colonization by the same strain was 2.3 mo (mean). Strain acquisition did not correlate with exacerbation, antibiotic therapy, or season. We conclude that (1) a subset of bronchiectatic patients is colonized with B. catarrhalis, (2) RFLP is a sensitive tool to study strain acquisition, and (3) acquisition and clearance of B. catarrhalis from the respiratory tract is a dynamic process.
National pholcodine consumption and prevalence of IgE‐sensitization: a multicentre study
Authors: S. G. O. Johansson, E. Florvaag, H. Öman, L. K. Poulsen, P. M. Mertes, N. J. N. Harper, L. H. Garvey, R. Gerth van Wijk, T. Metso, A. Irgens, T. Dybendal, J. Halsey, S. L. Seneviratne, A. B. Guttormsen
Journal: Allergy (2009)

The aim of this study was to test, on a multinational level, the pholcodine (PHO) hypothesis, i.e. that the consumption of PHO-containing cough mixtures could cause higher prevalence of IgE antibodies to PHO, morphine (MOR) and suxamethonium (SUX). As a consequence the risk of anaphylaxis to neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA) will be increased.National PHO consumptions were derived from the United Nations International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) database. IgE and IgE antibodies to PHO, MOR, SUX and P-aminophenyl-phosphoryl choline (PAPPC) were measured in sera from atopic individuals, defined by a positive Phadiatop test (>0.35 kU(A)/l), collected in nine countries representing high and low PHO-consuming nations.There was a significant positive association between PHO consumption and prevalences of IgE-sensitization to PHO and MOR, but not to SUX and PAPPC, as calculated both by exposure group comparisons and linear regression analysis. The Netherlands and the USA, did not have PHO-containing drugs on the markets, although the former had a considerable PHO consumption. Both countries had high figures of IgE-sensitization.This international prevalence study lends additional support to the PHO hypothesis and, consequently, that continued use of drugs containing this substance should be seriously questioned. The results also indicate that other, yet unknown, substances may lead to IgE-sensitization towards NMBAs.
Abstract 5520: Thermally targeted proapoptotic peptide for cancer therapy
Authors: Shama Moktan, Drazen Raucher
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Peptide based therapy is a promising field of anti-cancer therapy. The biologically active therapeutic peptides, derived from an endogenous protein or designed synthetically, can inhibit or activate important cellular pathways to promote cancer cell death. The major challenges of peptide based therapy are stability and tumor-specificity of the therapeutic peptides. One of the methods to increase stability and target the therapeutic peptide to the tumor site is to utilize stimulus-responsive macromolecular carriers. We have designed a therapeutic peptide, SynB1-ELP-(KLAKLAK)2 based on the thermally responsive biopolymer, elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) and the mitochondrial membrane disrupting proapoptotic peptide, (KLAKLAK)2. Additionally, a cell penetrating peptide, SynB1 has been included in the N-terminus of this polypeptide in order to increase the polypeptide's membrane permeability. SynB1 is an 18-mer peptide derived from protegrins, which are antimicrobial peptides found in porcine leukocytes. The utilities of ELP are two-fold - 1) it is a macromolecule and therefore can provide stability to the overall polypeptide system, and 2) it is thermally responsive and therefore can be targeted to the tumor site by external application of local hyperthermia. The unique phase transition property of ELP allows it to remain soluble at physiological temperature but forces it to aggregate in response to mild hyperthermia (40 - 42 °C). Therefore, SynB1-ELP-(KLAKLAK)2 can be targeted to solid tumors by the application of local hyperthermia without being degraded before reaching the tumor. The anti-proliferative effect of SynB1-ELP-(KLAKLAK)2 was examined in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. While the polypeptide was not cytotoxic to cells at 37 °C, it killed about 40% of cells at 42 °C after 6 days with two one hour treatments. Similar treatment schedule resulted in approximately 4-fold increase in apoptosis induction at 42 °C compared to 37 °C. Confocal microscopy showed that SynB1-ELP-(KLAKLAK)2 localizes in the mitochondria which supports the mitochondrial membrane disrupting feature of the (KLAKLAK)2 peptide. In conclusion, SynB1-ELP-(KLAKLAK)2 localizes in the mitochondria and inhibits the proliferation of MCF-7 cells in combination with hyperthermia by inducing apoptosis. Further studies include determining the proapoptotic effects of SynB1-ELP-(KLAKLAK)2 in vivo. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5520.
Influence of Aortic Impedance on the Development of Pressure-Overload Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Rats
Authors: Shigeki Kobayashi, Masafumi Yano, Michihiro Kohno, Masakazu Obayashi, Yuji Hisamatsu, Tsutomu Ryoke, Tomoko Ohkusa, Katsutoshi Yamakawa, Masunori Matsuzaki
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Aortic input impedance, which represents LV afterload, is considered to be a major determinant for the development of pressure-overload left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy.To test whether the sustained change in aortic input impedance might affect the mode of development of LV hypertrophy, coarctation of either the ascending aorta (G1, n = 13) or suprarenal abdominal aorta (G2, n = 12) was performed over 4 weeks in 6-weeks-old Wistar rats. Although peak LV pressure and total systemic resistance were increased similarly in G1 and G2, time to peak LV pressure was decreased by 24% (P < .01) in G1 compared with G2. The aortic input impedance spectra revealed that the early systolic loading in G1 was characterized by an increase in characteristic impedance, whereas the late systolic loading in G2 was by an augmented arterial wave reflection. G1 showed a smaller increase (P < .01) in either the ratio of LV weight (mg) to body weight (g) or LV wall thickness than G2 after aortic banding. Myocyte diameter was also smaller (P < .05) in G1 (14.3 +/- 0.7 mm) than in G2 (16.1 +/- 1.2 mm). The ex vivo passive pressure-volume relation had a rightward shift in G1 compared with G2, suggesting less concentric LV hypertrophy in G1.The sustained early systolic loading due to the increase in characteristic impedance was accompanied by less concentric, reduced hypertrophy, whereas the sustained late systolic loading due to the augmented arterial wave reflection was accompanied by concentric, adequate hypertrophy.