tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vascular Tumors of the Uterus: Benign or Malignant
Authors: Joseph H. Zeigerman
Journal: JAMA (1961)

An unusual type of neoplastic lesion of the uterus was encountered in 2 patients aged 40 and 41 years. The main symptoms were sudden uterine enlargement, pelvic pain, and vaginal bleeding. On examination the findings, especially the softness of the uterus, suggested intrauterine pregnancy. At laparotomy extensive neoplastic masses were found in various intramural and subserous locations. The masses were found to owe their softness to their vascularity. Their complex and highly cellular appearance makes it difficult to distinguish these angiomyomas from hemangiopericytoma, sarcoma, and endolymphatic stromal myosis. Their distribution in the uterus is such that complete hysterectomy is necessary.
Guidelines on preventing cardiovascular disease in clinical practice
Authors: R. Jackson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Papers pp 671, 676, 677 General practice pp 680, 686, 690 Education and debate pp 702, 705, 709

Ten years ago clinical recommendations on preventing cardiovascular disease focused primarily on managing individual risk factors, particularly raised blood pressure and cholesterol concentrations. Typically, separate guidelines were developed for each risk factor and treatment was recommended when that factor was above a specified level1 The recommendations were informed mainly by evidence from cohort studies showing increased relative risks of cardiovascular disease in people with raised levels of the risk factor2 and by evidence from randomised controlled trials showing relative benefits from lowering the factor.3 4

Over the past decade we have witnessed a remarkable change from these recommendations based on relative risk to ones based on absolute risk—that is, incidence. If Geoffrey Rose, arguably the most influential cardiovascular disease epidemiologist ever, was living today, he would support this revolution, which echoes his 1991 advice that “All policy decisions should be based on absolute measures of risk; relative risk is strictly for researchers only.”5 This week's BMJ brings together a range of papers relevant to this paradigm shift in cardiovascular risk management.

One of the most recent examples of guidelines based on absolute risk is the Joint British Recommendations on the Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Clinical Practice, published late last year6 and summarised in this issue (p 705).7 Taking the lead from the European societies of cardiology, atherosclerosis, and hypertension, which jointly published coronary heart disease prevention guidelines in 1998, 8 the British Cardiac Society, British Hyperlipidaemia Association, and British Hypertension Society joined forces to develop the current British recommendations. These new clinical guidelines recommend that priority for treatment should be given to patients at high absolute risk …
Mutations in PHF6 are associated with Börjeson–Forssman –Lehmann syndrome
Authors: Karen M. Lower, Gillian Turner, Bronwyn A. Kerr, Katherine D. Mathews, Marie A. Shaw, Ági K. Gedeon, Susan Schelley, H. Eugene Hoyme, Susan M. White, Martin B. Delatycki, Anne K. Lampe, Jill Clayton-Smith, Helen Stewart, Conny M. A. van Ravenswaay, Bert B. A. de Vries, Barbara Cox, Markus Grompe, Shelley Ross, Paul Thomas, John C. Mulley, Jozef Gécz
Journal: Nature Genetics (2002)
A Lecture ON THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS: Given at the London Medical Graduates' College and Polyclinic
Authors: F. W. Price
Journal: BMJ (1912)

symptoms and of p t 3Itctnre m-lnaking inquiries in re of the patient, and w ON THE has been lowered by ~~worry, excess in alco]EAiRLY DIAG(wNOSIS OF PU LMODNV4Y1Y the time there is ar TlUBEJRCU LOSIS.tuberculosis in the hoi Tt"BERGULOSIS.~~~~~~Onzset
HIV-1 Shedding and Chlamydial Urethritis
Authors: Joseph J. Eron, Bruce Gilliam, Susan Fiscus, John Dyer, Myron S. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Drs Schmid and Fontanarosa<sup>1</sup>thoroughly discussed the causes and management of nongonococcal urethritis. However, they did not emphasize the link between treatment of sexually transmitted diseases and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).<sup>2</sup>We collected ejaculate from a 32-year-old white man with HIV-1 disease and a CD4 cell count of 0.11×10<sup>9</sup>/L who was taking no antiretroviral therapy. The patient had chlamydial urethritis at the time the sample was obtained, with dysuria but without discharge. We performed quantitative HIV-1 culture on his seminal cell fraction, using a modification of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group quantitative cell culture protocol. We had previously performed 32 quantitative cultures for HIV-1 using seminal cells from 25 HIV-1—infected individuals; the range of excretion was &lt;3.0 to 2523.3 infectious units per ejaculate. Our patient excreted 6729 infectious units of HIV-1 in his ejaculate obtained at the time of chlamydial infection
Effect of inhaled bradykinin on indices of airway responsiveness in asthmatic subjects
Authors: R Polosa, K Rajakulasingam, G Prosperini, S Bellofiore, S Britten, LV Milazzo, ST Holgate
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Asthma is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, a physiopathological abnormality which may result from the complex interplay between inflammatory cells and proinflammatory mediators. Although kinins are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma, it is not known whether bradykinin is able to induce airway hyperresponsiveness. We have, therefore, investigated the effect of inhaled bradykinin on the changes in airway calibre and in airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine, in a double-blind, randomized study of nine asthmatic subjects. Subjects were studied on two study periods, separated by at least 15 days. On the first day of each study period, subjects inhaled either a single dose of bradykinin or methacholine (placebo) with changes in airway calibre being followed as forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and as the maximum expiratory flow rate measured at 70% of the vital capacity below total lung capacity (TLC) from a partial forced expiratory manoeuvre (Vp30) at 3, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45 and 60 min, and then every hour for 7 h. Airway responsiveness to histamine, expressed as the provocative concentrations producing a 20% fall in FEV1 and 40% fall in Vp30 (PC20FEV1 and PC40Vp30), was measured at 3 and 7 h after inhaling the agonists, then on days 1, 3, 7 and 14. Inhalation of bradykinin caused rapid bronchoconstriction that peaked at 3-5 min. When compared to placebo, no significant difference in histamine responsiveness was seen after bradykinin in terms of changes in PC20FEV1 values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Quantitative Description of a Protein Fitness Landscape Based on Molecular Features
Authors: María-Rocío Meini, Pablo E Tomatis, Daniel M Weinreich, Alejandro J Vila
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

Understanding the driving forces behind protein evolution requires the ability to correlate the molecular impact of mutations with organismal fitness. To address this issue, we employ here metallo-β-lactamases as a model system, which are Zn(II) dependent enzymes that mediate antibiotic resistance. We present a study of all the possible evolutionary pathways leading to a metallo-β-lactamase variant optimized by directed evolution. By studying the activity, stability and Zn(II) binding capabilities of all mutants in the preferred evolutionary pathways, we show that this local fitness landscape is strongly conditioned by epistatic interactions arising from the pleiotropic effect of mutations in the different molecular features of the enzyme. Activity and stability assays in purified enzymes do not provide explanatory power. Instead, measurement of these molecular features in an environment resembling the native one provides an accurate description of the observed antibiotic resistance profile. We report that optimization of Zn(II) binding abilities of metallo-β-lactamases during evolution is more critical than stabilization of the protein to enhance fitness. A global analysis of these parameters allows us to connect genotype with fitness based on quantitative biochemical and biophysical parameters.
Truth and intra-personal concept stability
Authors: Mark Siebel
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

I criticize three claims concerning simulators: (1) That a simulator provides the best-fitting simulation of the perceptual impression one has of an object does not guarantee, pace Barsalou, that the object belongs to the simulator's category. (2) The people described by Barsalou do not acquire a concept of truth because they are not sensitive about the potential inadequacy of their sense impressions. (3) Simulator update prevents Barsalou's way of individuating concepts (i.e., identifying them with simulators) from solving the problem of intra-personal concept stability because to update a simulator is to change its content, and concepts with different contents are distinct.
The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Statement applied to allergen-specific immunotherapy with inhalant allergens: A Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN) article
Authors: Philippe J. Bousquet, Moisés A. Calderón, Pascal Demoly, Désirée Larenas, Giovanni Passalacqua, Claus Bachert, Jan Brozek, G. Walter Canonica, Thomas Casale, Joao Fonseca, Ronald Dahl, Stephen R. Durham, Hans Merk, Margitta Worm, Ulrich Wahn, Torsten Zuberbier, Holger J. Schünemann, Jean Bousquet
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
High-Dose Pemetrexed in Combination with High-Dose Crizotinib for the Treatment of Refractory CNS Metastases in ALK-Rearranged Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Leena Gandhi, Jan Drappatz, Nikhil H. Ramaiya, Gregory A. Otterson
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
CHANGES IN THE SHAPE AND SIZE OF BACTERIUM COLI AND BACILLUS MEGATHERIUM UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF BACTERIOPHAGE—A MOTION PHOTOMICROGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE MECHANISM OF LYSIS
Authors: Stanhope Bayne-Jones, Leslie A. Sandholzer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1933)

This paper contains the records of a motion photomicrographic investigation of the lysis of Bact. coli and B. megatherium by bacteriophage. The bacteria mixed with bacteriophage were grown on moist nutrient agar in small culture chambers on the stage of a microscope in an incubator maintained at 37 degrees C. The apparatus used permitted continuous inspection of the preparations. Photographs were made at the rates of 2 and 30 per minute and at the rate of 8 per second during the terminal stage of lysis of Bact. coli. The accurately timed films were studied by rapid projection and by the projection of single frames. Measurements of dimensions of cells, calculations of volumes, information on generations, generation times and duration spans are presented in the tables. Similar information on normal cultures grown and photographed in the same way is furnished for comparison. Groups of serial photographs are reproduced in the plates to illustrate the special features observed. These observations seem to us to warrant the following conclusions: 1. Enlargement or swelling of the cells of Bact. coli usually, but not always, precedes lysis. Some of the enlargement is an expression of increase of cell substance and is not altogether due to imbibition of water. Cells of early generations of Bact. coli enlarge to greater absolute and relative proportions than cells of later generations. Enlargement does not occur before lysis in B. megatherium. 2. The terminal stage of lysis of Bact. coli is explosive, occupying (1/2) to (7/8) second. The terminal stage of lysis of B. megatherium is a slow disintegrative process, extending over 2-10 minutes. 3. Bacteriophage inhibits fission of some cells, but does not stop the reproduction of other cells in contact with it. The genealogical records of six generations of cells of Bact. coli and of two generations of cells of B. megatherium indicate that bacteriophage may be transmitted through parents to the offspring which ultimately undergo lysis. 4. Bacteriophage spreads by contact through a group of cells and also along paths determined by genetical relationships. 5. A large amount of cellular debris remains after the lysis of the cells in both of these species of bacteria. This residue of material is in the form of irregularly shaped masses and granules. This material is not in solution at the time of lysis and appears not to be digested or hydrolized. 6. Theories of the mechanism of lysis are discussed. It is suggested that reduction of surface tension of the cells may be an important factor in the mechanism of lysis.
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Authors: Marshall M. Kaplan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

PRIMARY biliary cirrhosis, a chronic, progressive, and often fatal cholestatic liver disease, is characterized by the destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts, portal inflammation and scarring, and the eventual development of cirrhosis and liver failure. The diagnosis is usually made in a middle-aged woman (although the age range of patients is 20 to 80 years) who initially has fatigue or itching or who is asymptomatic and has been found to have unexplained hepatomegaly or an elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level. Biochemical tests of liver function typically reveal a cholestatic pattern — that is, the alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels are . . .
VISUAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE UNITED STATES NAVY
Authors: W. E. CARSON
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The visual requirements of the Navy may in general be said to be more severe than those of the Army. At the same time they are simpler and more definite, both because of the much narrower latitude allowed for correction by glasses and because they are more categorical, since such requirements readily lend themselves to categorization through a consideration of the various branches and ratings of the service. Also the visual requirements of the United States Navy may be said to be more severe than those of other countries having large navies, since conditions governing the physisical requirements in the larger foreign navies are necessarily different from our own. In only one, that is in the British navy, does the system of voluntary enlistment prevail. In others, the recruits are subjects of a universal draft system, the sea-faring districts furnishing conscripts so far as needed for the navy, recruits from
Proportion of spending on care for older people falls
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The proportion of health spending allocated to people aged 65 and over in England and Wales has dropped.

An international study shows that although the share devoted to these older people went down in England and Wales, it went up in the three other countries studied—Canada, Japan, and Australia ( Age and Ageing 2002;31:287-94).

The researchers, from the …
Efficacy and Safety of Cisplatin/Pemetrexed Versus Cisplatin/Gemcitabine as First-Line Treatment in East Asian Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Results of an Exploratory Subgroup Analysis of a Phase III Trial
Authors: Chih-Hsin Yang, Lorinda Simms, Keunchil Park, Jin Soo Lee, Giorgio Scagliotti, Mauro Orlando
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Characteristics of patients with community-acquired bacteremia who have low levels of C-reactive protein (≤20 mg/L)
Authors: Fredrikke Christie Knudtzen, Stig Lønberg Nielsen, Kim Oren Gradel, Annmarie Touborg Lassen, Hans Jørn Kolmos, Thøger Gorm Jensen, Pernille Just Vinholt, Court Pedersen
Journal: Journal of Infection (2013)
Left atrial systolic function is depressed in idiopathic and preserved in ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: F. Triposkiadis, I. Moyssakis, N. Dalianis, N. Strateges, A. Athanassiou, T. Makris, A. Christodoulou, M. Kynakidis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Reducing the Epilepsy Burden
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2012)

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Activation of β-Adrenergic Receptor Kinase During Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Martin Ungerer, Kerstin Kessebohm, Kai Kronsbein, Martin J. Lohse, Gert Richardt
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

During myocardial ischemia, a local release of noradrenaline coincides with an increased density of beta-adrenergic receptors. The functional activity of these receptors, however, is mainly determined by their state of phosphorylation. The beta-adrenergic receptor kinase (beta ARK) specifically phosphorylates and thereby inactivates beta-adrenergic receptors after stimulation by receptor agonists, facilitating the binding of the inhibitor protein beta-arrestin to the receptors. beta ARK activation involves a translocation of the enzyme to the membrane. In the present study, we investigated the density and the functional activity of beta-adrenergic receptors, the enzymatic activity of beta ARK in membranes and cytosol, the mRNA levels of beta ARK-1, and the expression of beta-arrestin during stop-flow and low-flow ischemia in the isolated perfused rat heart. After 60 minutes of stop-flow ischemia, beta-adrenergic receptor density was upregulated, but beta-agonist-mediated adenylate cyclase activity was blunted. Simultaneously, beta ARK activity in the particulate fraction was significantly induced. The increase in beta ARK activity was reversible after inhibition of ischemia-evoked noradrenaline release by desipramine. Also, exposure to externally given noradrenaline increased beta ARK activity in the particulate fraction. Cytosolic beta ARK activity remained largely unchanged during stop-flow or low-flow ischemia. The steady state concentration of beta ARK-1 mRNA increased after 20 minutes of stop-flow ischemia and then returned to baseline values after another 20 minutes. Cardiac ischemia did not alter beta-arrestin levels. During myocardial ischemia, an increase in the number of beta-adrenergic receptors is paralleled by increased membrane activity of the receptor kinase beta ARK. This increased membrane activity may contribute to enhanced receptor phosphorylation and inactivation.
Prevalence of Gardnerella vaginalis: an estimate
Authors: R R West, T C O'Dowd, J E Smail
Journal: BMJ (1988)

To assess the prevalence of Gardnerella vaginalis in the community 300 women aged 16-59 were randomly selected from a general practice's age-sex register and invited to attend for a health check. Out of 282 women who were eligible to attend, 192 did so. They were asked whether they had any vaginal symptoms, and swabs were taken from 182 women for culture for G vaginalis. Sixty women were positive for G vaginalis, of whom 26 had symptoms. Infections with G vaginalis may be present in women who have no symptoms. By careful questioning, examination, and side room testing general practitioners may be able to diagnose these infections in such women consulting them for other reasons.
Geographic Variations in Mortality from Motor Vehicle Crashes
Authors: Susan Pardee Baker, R. A. Whitfield, B. O'neill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

Using a new technique to study the mortality associated with motor vehicle crashes, we calculated population-based death rates of occupants of motor vehicles during the period 1979 through 1981 and mapped them according to county for the 48 contiguous states of the United States. Mortality was highest in counties of low population density (r = -0.57; P<0.0001) and was also inversely correlated with per capita income (r = -0.23; P<0.0001). Death rates varied more than 100-fold; for example, Esmeralda County, Nevada, with 0.2 residents per square mile (2.6 km2), had a death rate of 558 per 100,000 population, as compared with Manhattan, New York, with 64,000 residents per square mile and a death rate of 2.5 per 100,000. Differences in road characteristics, travel speeds, seat-belt use, types of vehicles, and availability of emergency care may have been major contributors to these relations. (N Engl J Med 1987; 316:1384–7.)
Number of sperm donors rises despite removal of anonymity in UK
Authors: Michael Day
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The number of men registering as sperm donors in the United Kingdom rose by 6% last year. This was despite a new law removing anonymity, which many feared would deter new donations. 

In the 12 months to 31 March 2006, the year after the law change, 265 new sperm donors registered with the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA), of whom 208 were based in the UK. The previous 12 months had seen 250 new donors, of whom 197 were based in the UK.

Shirley Harrison, the authority's chairwoman, said: “These new figures show that the predicted drop in …
Red Pepper and Functional Dyspepsia
Authors: Mauro Bortolotti, Gianni Coccia, Gabriele Grossi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

To the Editor: Functional dyspepsia is a common and distressing chronic digestive disorder of unknown cause.1,2 We examined the effect of treatment of functional dyspepsia with capsaicin (trans-8-m...
Vegf regulates embryonic erythroid development through Gata1 modulation
Authors: Benjamin Drogat, Joanna Kalucka, Laura Gutiérrez, Hamida Hammad, Steven Goossens, Morvarid Farhang Ghahremani, Sonia Bartunkova, Katharina Haigh, Kim Deswarte, Omar Nyabi, Michael Naessens, Napoleone Ferrara, Ursula Klingmüller, Bart N. Lambrecht, Andras Nagy, Sjaak Philipsen, Jody J. Haigh
Journal: Blood (2010)
Cytomegalovirus Infection Leads to Pleomorphic Rhabdomyosarcomas in <i>Trp53</i>+/− Mice
Authors: Richard L. Price, Katherine Bingmer, Lualhati Harkins, O. Hans Iwenofu, Chang-Hyuk Kwon, Charles Cook, Christopher Pelloski, E. Antonio Chiocca
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been detected in several human cancers, but it has not proven to be oncogenic. However, recent studies have suggested mechanisms through which cytomegalovirus may modulate the tumor environment, encouraging its study as a positive modifier of tumorigenesis. In this study, we investigated the effects of cytomegalovirus infection in Trp53 heterozygous mice. Animals were infected with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) after birth at 2 days (P2) or 4 weeks of age and then monitored for tumor formation. Mice injected at 2 days of age developed tumors at a high frequency (43%) by 9 months of age. In contrast, only 3% of mock-infected or mice infected at 4 weeks developed tumors. The majority of tumors from P2 MCMV-infected mice were pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) harboring MCMV DNA, RNA, and protein. An examination of clinical cases revealed that human RMS (embryonal, alveolar, and pleomorphic) harbored human cytomegalovirus IE1 and pp65 protein as well as viral RNA. Taken together, our findings offer support for the hypothesis that cytomegalovirus contributes to the development of pleomorphic RMS in the context of Trp53 mutation, a situation that occurs with high frequency in human RMS.