tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A study of PSORS1C1 gene polymorphisms in Chinese patients with psoriasis
Authors: Y.T. Chang, H.N. Liu, Y.M. Shiao, M.W. Lin, D.D. Lee, M-T. Liu, W.J. Wang, S. Wu, C.Y. Lai, S.F. Tsai
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Although genetic analyses have identified the HLA-Cw*0602 allele as the major risk allele for chronic plaque psoriasis in various ethnic groups, it has been proposed that the association of Cw*0602 is due to linkage disequilibrium and that other nearby genes are involved in susceptibility to psoriasis. The psoriasis susceptibility 1 candidate 1 (PSORS1C1, formerly SEEK1) gene, located 127 kb telomeric to the HLA-C locus, is considered to be one of the potential candidate genes of psoriasis. Up to the present, no association study of the PSORS1C1 gene has been conducted on Chinese patients with psoriasis.We aimed to determine whether the genetic polymorphisms of the PSORS1C1 gene were associated with an increased risk of psoriasis in Chinese patients.We investigated the PSORS1C1 gene for disease association by direct sequencing of the PSORS1C1 gene in 143 Chinese patients with chronic plaque psoriasis and 188 control subjects. Genotyping for HLA-Cw*0602 and the alpha-helix coiled-coil rod homologue (C6orf18, formerly HCR) gene was also carried out using a sequence-based typing method.We identified 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the PSORS1C1 gene in our subjects; four of these SNPs cause amino acid change. We also detected poly(C) repeat variants from nucleotide positions 386-392 (poly(C)6-8). The poly(C) repeat polymorphisms cause a frame shift mutation. Another poly(C) repeat variant was also found at nucleotide positions 748-751. No significantly different allelic distributions of the PSORS1C1 SNPs or poly(C) repeat polymorphisms could be found between the patients with chronic plaque psoriasis and controls after correction for multiple testing. However, a significant increase of the Cw*0602 allele and tryptophan-tryptophan allele of the C6orf18 gene (HCR*WW) was found in patients with early onset psoriasis (21.9% vs. 4.8%, P < 10(-7)). Haplotype-based association analysis also showed a susceptibility haplotype carrying Cw*0602 and HCR*WW alleles in early onset Chinese patients.Our results indicate that the PSORS1C1 gene might not play an important role in the causation of chronic plaque psoriasis in Chinese people.
Licensure and Certification in the United States
Authors: John H. Morton
Journal: JAMA (1977)

LICENSURE and specialty board certification have changed substantially in the United States during the past decade. There are already signs of other important changes on the horizon. Some of the potential future changes are positive ones and deserve support from the medical profession; others, when viewed from the perspectives of the state licensing boards and the medical specialty boards with their responsibilities for assuring the competence of physicians, are alarming. <h3>PRESENT ACHIEVEMENTS</h3> What has been accomplished to date? Undoubtedly, the major advance is the progress of the Federated Licensing Examination (FLEX). The examination was offered for the first time in June 1968. At that time, 632 candidates from seven states took the complete examination. In June or December 1975, every state except Florida used FLEX as its licensing examination, and Florida recognized FLEX for endorsement. In addition, candidates were examined from the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Canal Zone,
Abstract 5004: Iqgap2 is downregulated in colorectal cancer (crc) and involved in cellular migration
Authors: Benedikt Gröschl, Marcus Bettstetter, Tamara Widmann, Ferdinand Hofstädter, Wolfgang Dietmaier
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract IQGAP2 is a member of three IQGAP scaffolding proteins and involved in cytoskeletal reorganization and adhesion of cells. It has been described as a putative tumor suppressor affecting tumor development and progression. Our aim in this study was to analyze the role of IQGAP2 in colorectal cancer (CRC). By means of microarray analyses we previously found IQGAP2 expression to be downregulated in CRC and suppressed by Maspin. Here we measured IQGAP2 expression by RT-qPCR in 17 MSI-H (high microsatellite instability) and 19 MSS (microsatellite stable) CRCs as well as in three MSI and three MSS CRC cell lines, respectively. Furthermore, we analyzed the methylation status of the IQGAP2 promoter and studied the subcellular localization of the IQGAP2 protein. Using an in vitro system for overexpressing and silencing IQGAP2 we investigated the effect of IQGAP2 on cellular migration applying Real-Time Cell Analyzer (RTCA) technology. Stably overexpressing Maspin transfected CRC cell line SW480 showed IQGAP2 loss on mRNA and protein level. IQGAP2 expression was reduced in 86% (30/36) of tumors compared to normal tissue (p&amp;lt;0.001) and lower in MSS tumors compared to MSI tumors (p=0.039). Consistently, IQGAP2 mRNA levels were also downregulated in CRC cell lines. None of the cell lines, tumor or normal tissue samples analyzed showed IQGAP2 promoter methylation. Immunofluorescence analysis of CRC cells revealed IQGAP2 distribution in plasma membranes and more intensely in areas of cell-cell contacts. Migration assays showed increased cellular migration after IQGAP2 knockdown and impaired migration after overexpression of IQGAP2. We provide evidence that IQGAP2 expression is regulated by Maspin and may have an important effect on cellular migration in colorectal cancer. Citation Format: Benedikt Gröschl, Marcus Bettstetter, Tamara Widmann, Ferdinand Hofstädter, Wolfgang Dietmaier. Iqgap2 is downregulated in colorectal cancer (crc) and involved in cellular migration. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5004. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5004
Tumor promotion studies in rat tracheal epithelium
Authors: Vernon E. Steele, Douglas C. Topping, S. Balakrishna Pai
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

The tracheal epithelium of the Fischer 344 rat is histologically very similar to that of the human bronchus. Also, carcinomas of tracheal origin in F-344 rats are similar in morphology to human bronchogenic carcinomas. Tumor promotion in rat tracheal epithelium was studied by using two model systems. The first is a heterotopic transplant system in which rat tracheas are implanted subcutaneously on the backs of isogenic recipents. In the first system, the epithelium was topically exposed to pellets containing 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), used as the initiating agent, followed by pellets containing the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), the promoting agent. After 98 weeks, a three- to fourfold increase in the percentage of tracheas having malignant tumors was seen in tracheal transplants receiving both DMBA and TPA compared to DMBA alone. Exposure of the tracheal grafts to TPA alone resulted in epithelial hyperplasia and inflammation, but no dysplastic lesions. The second system is an organ culture-cell culture system in which small pieces of trachea are grown in organ culture, then epithelial cells are grown from these pieces as primary cell cultures. The organ cultures were exposed to the direct alkylating agent, N-methyl-N′-nitro-N -nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) used as the initiator, then multiple short exposures to TPA were used to promote. Primary cell cultures and cell lines were then established from these explants. After 52 weeks, a five-fold increase in the percentage of explants producing tumorigenic cell lines was observed when MNNG + TPA-exposed explants were compared to MNNG-exposed explants. Tracheal explants exposed to TPA alone produced many cell lines but none tested were tumorigenic. These two systems provide a means to study tumor promotion in respiratory epithelium. The evidence more importantly suggests that airborne promoting substances may play a key role in the development of bronchogenic carcinoma.
STUDIES ON LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM INFECTION OF THE RECTUM
Authors: WALTER LINCOLN PALMER
Journal: JAMA (1942)

The purpose of this paper is to call attention to the frequency of lymphogranuloma venereum infection of the rectum, to emphasize the rather characteristic clinical and diagnostic features and to comment on the therapeutic value of sulfanilamide and its derivatives.  Lymphogranuloma venereum typically is a subacute, or rather a chronic, venereal disease1characterized primarily by the bubo. Spontaneous recovery may occur, or the disease may lapse into a chronic indolent state. The course may be acute, almost typhoidal in character, and, particularly in extragenital infections, its true nature may not be suspected. Generalized manifestations, such as fever and multiple arthritis, may be present. There is evidence of the occurrence of a subclinical form. For instance, the husband of our patient E. S. (case 1) has no clinical evidence of disease, gives no history suggestive of such infection and yet has been found, on the two occasions on which he
Platelet function studies in heart disease. VI. Enhanced platelet aggregate formation activity in congestive heart failure: inhibition by sodium nitroprusside.
Authors: J Mehta, P Mehta
Journal: Circulation (1979)

We studied 11 patients with congestive heart failure and 10 normal volunteers for in vivo platelet aggregate formation activity. The patients with heart failure had significantly (p less than 0.01) more circulating platelet aggregates than the normal volunteers. During sodium nitroprusside infusion, the number of circulating platelet aggregates declined to normal levels and in vitro platelet aggregation responses to epinephrine and adenosine diphosphate were also suppressed significantly (p less than 0.01). This was associated with a 30% decline in systemic vascular resistance and a 28% increase in cardiac output. In other in vitro experiments, sodium nitroprusside was found to have direct, dose-related platelet aggregation inhibitory actions. This study suggests that an increase in vascular resistance in certain heart failure patients may in part be related to an increase in circulating platelet aggregates. Direct inhibition of platelet aggregation by sodium nitroprusside may be a mechanism of its beneficial effects in heart failure.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis Complicated With Previously Unknown Gitelman Syndrome in a Tunisian Child
Authors: Martina Biagioni, Marco Marigliano, Antonio Iannilli, Annamaria Cester, Simona Gatti, Irene D'Alba, Silvana Tedeschi, Marie-Louise Syren, Valentino Cherubini
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

Gitelman syndrome (GS) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, metabolic alkalosis, and hypocalciuria (1). In the great majority of cases, GS is caused by mutations in the SLC12A3 gene encoding the thiazide-sensitive NaCl cotransporter ( NCCT ), which is specifically expressed in the apical membrane of cells along the distal convoluted tubule (2).

A 10-year-old Tunisian male patient was admitted with polyuria, polydipsia, and profound fatigue associated with weight loss. His parents were first cousins. Physical examination revealed clouded sensorium, severe dehydration, fruity-like breath odor, and Kussmaul breathing. The laboratory profile revealed hyperglycemia 21.7 mmol/L with ketonuria, acidosis, serum bicarbonate 6.4 mmol/L, sodium 133 mEql/L, potassium 1.1 mEq/L, and HbA1c 13.2%. On the basis of International …
Studies in Glycogen Storage Diseases. I. Intestinal Glucose-6-Phosphatase Activity in Patients with Von Gierke's Disease and Their Parents*
Authors: James B. Field, Sheldon Epstein, Thomas Egan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1965)

These studies also emphasize the importance of measuring nonspecific phosphatase in biopsy specimens and correcting the apparent glucose-6-phosphatase activity for this before concluding that a deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase does not ex- ist.The failure to make this correction can probably explain those cases in the literature that clini- cally were typical of Von Gierke's disease but had significant amounts of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity (3-5).Methods Clinical material.The case histories of the two pa-' ~/0 _ //~~~~~~X ~~0 /tag 5~~/ ~~~~~~_ /~~~~~~, _ _~~~~~z --eof ,-I/* This patient was found to have biliary atresia at surgery.t This patient was found to have cirrhosis of the liver at surgery.Clinically he is suspected of having Type IV glycogen storage disease.
Hypersensitivity Hepatitis Due to Phenazopyridine Hydrochloride
Authors: Stephen E. Goldfinger, Stephen Marx
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

IN 1966 Hood and Toth1 reported a case of recurrent bouts of jaundice and abnormalities of liver-function tests after repeated brief courses of phenazopyridine hydrochloride (Pyridium, Warner-Chilcott). The two additional patients described below are believed to have manifested hepatitis as a hypersensitivity reaction to this drug.Case ReportsCase 1. In February, 1970, a 66-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with chills, fever (maximum temperature of 38.9°C), vomiting, weakness and back pain that had developed within 2 days of the start of phenazopyridine hydrochloride for dysuria. The urine was sterile. Abnormal values on liver-function tests (serum bilirubin, 2.9 mg . . .
Fatal mediastinal compression as a late complication of surgical plombage.
Authors: J S Skinner, D J Sinclair
Journal: Thorax (1992)

Surgical plombage was used as a form of collapse therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis before the advent of reliable chemotherapy. A patient developed stridor, recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, and obstruction of the superior vena cava and eventually died as a result of haemorrhage into a large intrathoracic cyst, secondary to a polystan pack inserted 38 years previously.
ETIOLOGY OF OROYA FEVER
Authors: Hideyo Noguchi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1927)

Bartonella bacilliformis failed to induce lesions when merely rubbed on the surface of the intact skin of a chimpanzee, an ourang-utan, and numerous Macacus rhesus monkeys, although when applied to the scarified skin of the same animals it gave rise to extensive lesions. Application of infectious material to the scarified skin did not always induce verruga lesions, but intradermal inoculation almost invariably gave rise to nodule formation. The localization of Bartonella bacilliformis in the skin is not, in experimental animals, determined by mechanical factors, since scarification of the skin or intradermal injection of foreign substances in monkeys infected with Bartonella bacilliformis does not give rise to verruga formation. The degree of susceptibility of the skin tissues appears to be considerably diminished during the course of experimental infection with Bartonella bacilliformis. Inoculation of the scarified skin of infected animals gave uniformly negative results, and intradermal inoculation induced only a mild local reaction. In a few exceptional instances, however, of animals previously infected with the strain of Bartonella bacilliformis derived from a human verruga nodule, reinoculation with the same strain gave rise to unusually marked reactions. The evolution of the skin lesion induced in experimental animals by Bartonella bacilliformis may be divided into four stages, the period of incubation, the initial stage, the mature and vascular stage, and the regression. In the initial stage the lesion is a pure angioendothelioma, but in the stage of full development the histological picture is complicated by connective tissue proliferation and occasionally also by penetration of epidermis into the lesion. The demonstration of Bartonella bacilliformis in the endothelial cells distinguishes the lesion from others which simulate it. The cutaneous lesions known as verruga nodular, verruga mular, and verruga miliar have been reproduced in monkeys.
The Treatment of Tubal F tation by Galvano-Puncture
Authors: P. Boulton
Journal: BMJ (1887)

92b apt to carry fatal infection to other women who have had perfectly normal labours, notwithstanding careftul ablution, and even consider- able use. of disinfectants.Must these virulent organisms have been originally derived from some special source, such as a transformed ery- sipelas, or a micrococcus which dwells in sewers, or may they be the organisms whose germs are commonly present in the air, but possessed of acquired virulence?The contagious virulence of puerperal fever, in some cases, probably
Effects of hypercapnia and hypocapnia on respiratory resistance in normal and asthmatic subjects.
Authors: F. J. van den Elshout, C. L. van Herwaarden, H. T. Folgering
Journal: Thorax (1991)

The effects of hypercapnia and hypocapnia on respiratory resistance were studied in 15 healthy subjects and 30 asthmatic subjects. Respiratory resistance (impedance) was measured with the pseudo-random noise forced oscillation technique while the subjects rebreathed from a wet spirometer in a closed respiratory circuit in which end tidal carbon dioxide tension (PCO2) could be controlled. Hypercapnia was induced by partially short circuiting the carbon dioxide absorber, and hypocapnia by voluntary hyperventilation. The circulating air was saturated with water vapour and kept at body temperature and ambient pressure. A rise of end tidal PCO2 of 1 kPa caused a significant fall in respiratory resistance in both normal and asthmatic subjects (15% and 9% respectively). A fall of PCO2 of 1 kPa did not cause any significant change in impedance in the control group. In the asthmatic patients resistance increased by 13%, reactance fell by 45%, and the frequency dependence of resistance rose 240%. These findings confirm that hypocapnia may contribute to airway obstruction in asthmatic patients, even when water and heat loss are prevented.
An iiciintholytic buUous eruption iifter norfloxacin
Authors: B. Ramsay, D. Woodrow, J.J. Cream
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Journal Article An iiciintholytic buUous eruption iifter norfloxacin Get access B. Ramsay, B. Ramsay Department of Dermatology, Charing Cross Hospital, Lndon W6 8RF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Woodrow, D. Woodrow Department of Histopathlogy, Charing Cross Hospital, Lndon W6 8RF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.J. Cream J.J. Cream Department of Dermatology, Charing Cross Hospital, Lndon W6 8RF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 129, Issue 4, 1 October 1993, Page 500, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb03185.x Published: 01 October 1993
499. Improving the Stability of Ad-AAV Hybrid Vectors
Authors: Haim Burstein, Richard Peluso, Ziv Sandalon, Kurt Lustig, Tony Stepan
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The Ad/AAV hybrid vector is an E1 gene-deleted adenovirus containing a transgene cassette flanked on its 5' and 3' ends by AAV ITR vector sequences. After coinfection of Ad/AAV and wt Ad5 of cells containing the rep-cap genes, the AAV ITR-containing transgene cassette is excised from the Ad/AAV, amplified, and then packaged into AAV particles.
Government's plan to raise dementia diagnoses gets mixed response
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2013)

NHS England has set its first national target to improve the rate of diagnosis of dementia, with the aim of ensuring that by 2015 two thirds of people with the condition have a diagnosis. Its latest report, published on 15 May, also says that appropriate post-diagnosis support should be available.1

The diagnosis target will mean increasing the rate of diagnosis from the current national average of around 45%, which the health secretary said was “shockingly low,” to match the 67% achieved in the best performing local area. The result will be an additional 160 000 diagnoses each year over the 2011-12 figure.

The new report charts the progress made so far towards the prime minister’s challenge on dementia set last year to achieve earlier diagnosis of dementia and improve treatment and support for patients and their families by 2015.2

It reports that more than 4000 people a month are now being referred for further investigation …
Enhancement of the synthesis of n-3 PUFAs in<i>fat-1</i>transgenic mice inhibits mTORC1 signalling and delays surgically induced osteoarthritis in comparison with wild-type mice
Authors: Min-jun Huang, Liang Wang, Da-di Jin, Zhong-min Zhang, Tian-yu Chen, Chun-hong Jia, Yan Wang, Xiao-chen Zhen, Bin Huang, Bo Yan, Yu-hui Chen, Sheng-fa Li, Jin-cheng Yang, Yi-fan Dai, Xiao-chun Bai
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> An exogenous supplement of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) has been reported to prevent osteoarthritis (OA) through undefined mechanisms. <h3>Objective</h3> This study investigated the effect of alterations in the composition of endogenous PUFAs on OA, and associations of PUFAs with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, a critical autophagy pathway in <i>fat-1</i> transgenic (TG) mice. <h3>Methods</h3> <i>fat-1</i> TG and wild-type mice were used to create an OA model by resecting the medial meniscus. The composition of the endogenous PUFAs in mouse tissues was analysed by gas chromatography, and the incidence of OA was evaluated by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), scanning electron microscopy and histological methods. Additionally, primary chondrocytes were isolated and cultured. The effect of exogenous and endogenous PUFAs on mTORC1 activity and autophagy in chondrocytes was assessed. <h3>Results</h3> The composition of endogenous PUFAs of TG mice was optimised both by increased n-3 PUFAs and decreased n-6 PUFAs, which significantly alleviated the articular cartilage destruction and osteophytosis in the OA model (p&lt;0.01), decreased protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and ADAMTS-5 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) in the articular cartilage (p&lt;0.01) and reduced chondrocyte number and loss of cartilage extracellular matrix. Both exogenous and endogenous n-3 PUFAs downregulated mTORC1 activity and promoted autophagy in articular chondrocytes. Conversely, mTORC1 pathway activation suppressed autophagy in articular chondrocytes. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Enhancement of the synthesis of endogenous n-3 PUFAs from n-6 PUFAs can delay the incidence of OA, probably through inhibition of mTORC1, promotion of autophagy and cell survival in cartilage chondrocytes. Future investigation into the role of the endogenous n-6/n-3 PUFAs composition in OA prevention and treatment is warranted.
INTERACTIONS OF THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM WITH THE SURFACE AND ENDOTOXIC LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE OF VEILLONELLA ALCALESCENS
Authors: Howard A. Bladen, Henry Gewurz, Stephan E. Mergenhagen
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1967)

Electron microscopic studies demonstrated that lesions were produced on the endotoxic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as well as on the cell surface of V. alcalescens after reaction with fresh guinea pig serum. These lesions were approximately 90 A in diameter, and were seen on two characteristic structural entities derived from LPS preparations after incubation with serum. The use of numerous inhibitors, inactivators, and reaction conditions affecting hemolytic C' activity revealed that these lesions were mediated by the C' system. Concomitant with lesion formation, C' was fixed; the effect on classical C'3 activity was pronounced. It is concluded that endotoxic LPS, as contained in the outer three-layered membrane of the bacterial cell, is a substrate for the C' enzymes. It is suggested that certain biological activities of endotoxin may derive from its effects on the C' system.