tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Breast Cancer Controversy
Authors: Michael D. Decker
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I am left rather confused by the article by Black et al concerning the apparent lack of impact of mammography on the stage of breast cancers coming to surgery (237:970, 1977). No indication is given as to what role mammography played in these cases other than the statements that "[since November 1974] the vast majority of breast lesions treated by the general surgeons have had preoperative mammography," whereas one surgeon (the specialist) had used it for ten years. Obviously, mammography cannot have an impact if it does not materially affect the selection of those who are to come to surgery. Usually, patients coming to surgeons have already been preselected, by the fact of referral, for the presence of clinical signs and symptoms, thus eliminating the opportunity for mammography to provide a precocious diagnosis. Even for those patients coming directly to the general surgeons or the specialist, there
Bone marrow transplantation as a strategy for treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in KK-Ay mice.
Authors: S Than, H Ishida, M Inaba, Y Fukuba, Y Seino, M Adachi, H Imura, S Ikehara
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1992)

The effects of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) on non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) were examined using KK-Ay mice. KK-Ay mice reconstituted with KK-Ay bone marrow cells showed glycosuria, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia. However, KK-Ay mice (H-2b) that had been lethally irradiated (9.0 Gy) and then reconstituted with T cell-depleted bone marrow cells from normal BALB/c mice (H-2d) showed negative urine sugar with decreases in serum insulin and lipid levels 4 mo after BMT. Morphological recovery of islets and glomeruli was also noted after allogeneic BMT. These findings suggest that BMT can be used to treat not only a certain type of NIDDM but also its complications such as hyperlipidemia and diabetic nephropathy.
Case Report: Hexachloroethane Smoke Inhalation: A Rare Cause of Severe Hepatic Injuries
Authors: Ching-Hui Loh, Yaw-Wen Chang, Saou-Hsing Liou, Jun-Hei Chang, Hong-I Chen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

We report on two patients, a 23-year-old man and a 24-year-old man, who had chemical pneumonitis and respiratory distress after inhaling hexachloroethane/zinc oxide (HC/ZnO) smoke during military training.The patients had been healthy previously and denied any history of alcohol or drug abuse. Hematologic tests revealed leukocytosis with neutrophils predominant. The respiratory conditions of both patients improved after steroid therapy and oxygen support, but deterioration of liver function was found. The laboratory results showed that alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels were elevated about 1.5-fold the normal limits and that aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were marginally elevated. The elevation of liver aminotransferase started from day 1 and day 2 and peaked from day 18 to day 22. ALT/AST levels then returned to normal in 6 weeks. Common viral hepatitis was ruled out after serologic tests. Abdominal sonography and physical examination failed to show any specific findings.The hepatotoxic effect was attributed to inhalation of high-concentration HC/ZnO smoke in an enclosed area, where several hepatotoxicants, including ZnCl2, HC, and chlorinated vapors, could have been generated and mixed in the smoke.These case reports elaborate the hepatic effects that may occur in addition to pulmonary effects of HC/ZnO smoke.
CKM Carcinogenesis Models
Authors: J. B. KELLER, A. S. WHITEMORE
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article CKM Carcinogenesis Models Get access JOSEPH B. KELLER, JOSEPH B. KELLER Department of Health Research and Policy Division of Epidemiology Stanford University School of MedicineStanford, CA 94305–5092 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ALICE S. WHITEMORE ALICE S. WHITEMORE Department of Health Research and Policy Division of Epidemiology Stanford University School of MedicineStanford, CA 94305–5092 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 4, 21 February 1990, Page 320, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.4.320 Published: 21 February 1990
AGE AND GENDER AFFECT LEFT VENTRICULAR RELAXATION IN PATIENTS WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: A TISSUE DOPPLER ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY STUDY
Authors: Hiroyuki Okura, Ryugo Yamakawa, Noriko Toyoshima, Shogo Sakamoto, Yoko Morishita, Nobuya Mastushita, Kenji Shimeno, Takeshi Ozaki, Hiroyuki Yamagishi, Iku Toda, Kiyoshi Yoshida
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Cholestasis and failure of interferon-alpha treatment
Authors: Raoul Poupon
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

To the Editor: In their review,1 Gao and colleagues discuss possible underlying mechanisms related to host factor involvement in interferon (IFN)-alpha treatment failure. Although comprehensive, the review failed to point out the key role of cholestasis and bile salts in ailing innate and acquired immunity as well as IFN-alpha signaling in the liver. During the last 2 decades, it has been repeatedly shown that cholestasis suppresses allogenic responses and immune-mediated pathologies.2-4 Consistent with these observations, we demonstrated that bile acids at concentrations found in the blood and liver in chronic liver diseases exhibit immunosuppressive properties5 and markedly inhibit IFN-induced antiviral proteins.6 In further experiments using CHO cells stably expressing a human bile acid carrier, we found that bile acid inhibition of the IFN pathway occurred in the range of 10- to 50-μmol concentrations.7 We also provided evidence that the molecular mechanism involved a trans-suppressor effect of bile acids on IFN-responsive gene expression. (STAT)s thyrosine phosphorylation was not modified, while IFN-induced MxA promoter activity was markedly reduced. All of these data are consistent with the high replication rate of hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses in the context of severe and progressive cholestasis after liver transplantation. In human studies we found that indirect indicators of cholestasis (serum activity of gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, or extensive fibrosis or cirrhosis) were predictors of failure of IFN treatment in hepatitis C virus infection.8 Subsequently, we designed a controlled trial aimed at assessing the potential of ursodeoxycholic acid to restore IFN sensitivity in hepatitis C virus infection, postulating that ursodeoxycholic acid could counteract the inhibitory effects of endogenous bile acids and subclinical cholestasis.9 Indeed, in vitro ursodeoxycholic has no or minimal effect on the IFN-signaling pathway. This trial failed to show a significant benefit in terms of sustained negativation of hepatitis C viremia in ursodeoxycholic acid–treated patients. In contrast to what occurs in chronic cholestatic disorders, ursodeoxycholic acid was unable to produce significant changes in serum bile acid levels and composition in this study, thus providing a plausible explanation for its lack of antiviral property in vivo. We hope that this additional information will be useful and will bolster the knowledge of young investigators in the field of "bile-ology." Raoul Poupon M.D.*, * Service d'Hepatologie, Hopital Saint-Antoine, AP-Hopîtaux de Paris, Paris, France.
Thyroid Dysfunction in a Patient with Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis
Authors: Americo A. Abbruzzese
Journal: JAMA (1962)

THE PROBLEM OF eosinophilia rarely focuses attention on the gastrointestinal tract. Instead, it brings to mind allergic disorders, parasitic infection, and diseases of the skin and hematopoietic system. Recent hematology texts do not mention the gastrointestinal tract as a cause of increased circulating eosinophils, except in parasitic infection. Eosinophilic granuloma of the gastrointestinal tract only occasionally is associated with an impressive increase in the eosinophilic count.  Recently a patient with gastrointestinal symptoms, eosinophilia, and hypothyroidism was studied at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital. This unusual case is presented with a brief discussion of eosinophilic gastroenteritis.  Report of a Case  A 65-year-old male carpenter was admitted to the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in June, 1954, because of malaise, joint pain, shaking chills, fever, and profuse sweating. Penicillin therapy was ineffective and 2 days prior to entry he developed nausea and vomiting.   Medical History .—Bilateral polycystic kidney disease was documented by urograms at
Stat3 and Gfi-1 Transcription Factors Control Th17 Cell Immunosuppressive Activity via the Regulation of Ectonucleotidase Expression
Authors: Fanny Chalmin, Grégoire Mignot, Mélanie Bruchard, Angélique Chevriaux, Frédérique Végran, Aziz Hichami, Sylvain Ladoire, Valentin Derangère, Julie Vincent, David Masson, Simon C. Robson, Gerard Eberl, Jean René Pallandre, Christophe Borg, Bernhard Ryffel, Lionel Apetoh, Cédric Rébé, Francois Ghiringhelli
Journal: Immunity (2012)
Melatonin Prevents Pigment Gallstone Formation Induced by Bile Duct Ligation in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Shu-Chu Shiesh, Chiung-Yu Chen, Xi-Zhang Lin, Zher-Ann Liu, Hui-Chen Tsao
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Free radical-mediated oxidative stress has been implicated in the genesis of gallstone in vitro . This study was designed to examine the oxidative stress changes during pigment gallstone formation and to investigate whether melatonin (MLT) could act as a chemopreventive agent for cholelithiasis in a guinea pig model. The common bile duct of guinea pigs was ligated with or without MLT pretreatment. Animals were studied on day 7, 9, 12, and 14 after surgery. Stone and/or sludge developed in ligated guinea pigs without MLT. Fourier transform infrared spectra of the sludge showed the presence of calcium bilirubinate, whose peak height per milligram of sludge gradually increased with time after ligation. Total antioxidant activity (TAA) in bile of guinea pigs at day 14 after ligation reduced to one third of the level in sham-operated controls ( P &lt; .001). In addition, the bile of ligated guinea pigs had increased pH ( P &lt; .001), bile salts ( P &lt; .01), and malondialdehyde (MDA) ( P &lt; .05), compared to sham controls. Pretreatment of guinea pigs with MLT at a dose of 1,000 μg/kg significantly decreased the incidence of pigment gallstone formation at day 14 after ligation, as compared to no pretreatment (0/7 vs. 8/10). MLT also reverted the ligation-induced changes in biliary bile salts, pH, MDA, and TAA to control levels. These in vivo findings support a causative role of oxidative stress in the bile duct ligation-induced pigment gallstone formation. Antioxidants may prove useful in preventing pigment gallstone formation in humans.
Paying the doctor
Authors: J. Hollistriantafillou
Journal: BMJ (1995)

I have been following with great interest, through the pages of the BMJ, the British medical establishment's attempts to reach solutions regarding the problems of paying for health care. When I was a junior doctor, raised, trained, and practising in the heyday of the NHS during the 1960s and early ‘70s, finance was never considered in relation to health needs and the practice of medicine was unencumbered by such mundane issues.

Then I started working in Greece and I was confronted for the first time with the need to charge for my professional services. State salaries at that time were totally inadequate, and all doctors were expected to supplement their income by private practice. This was, and continues to be for me, an endless headache. How to assess and …
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis: Incidence, analysis of risk factors, and clinical outcomes in 108 consecutive patients treated at a single institution
Authors: Sucha Nand, Warren Wong, Benjamin Yuen, Andrew Yetter, Edwin Schmulbach, Susan Gross Fisher
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis (HITT) can lead to serious morbidity and may be potentially fatal. We reviewed our experience with this entity over a 4-year period, to determine the following: 1) incidence and type of thrombosis in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), 2) clinical consequences of thrombosis, i.e., amputation, cerebrovascular accidents and death, 3) risk factors associated with development of thrombosis, and 4) impact of therapy on clinical outcomes in patients with HITT. Between 1991-1994, 108 patients were diagnosed to have HIT by heparin-induced platelet aggregation test. Thirty-two (29%) of these developed thrombotic complications, of which 20 were venous, 8 arterial, and 4 both. Five of the 32 died, 3 underwent amputations, and 3 had cerebrovascular accidents. The patients who developed thrombotic complications, when compared to those with HIT alone, were older (68.7 +/- 11.5 vs. 63.3 +/- 16 years, P = .05), had more severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count 46,300 +/- 30,400/mm3 vs. 62,500 +/- 34,400/mm3, P = .02), and developed it earlier (6.0 +/- 2.9 vs. 7.4 +/- 3.1 days, P = .03). Multivariate analysis showed that severity of thrombocytopenia and early fall in platelet count were independent risk factors for development of thrombotic complications. We did not find an association between development of thrombosis and clinical events (myocardial infarction, cardiac procedures or surgery, noncardiac surgery, and sepsis) that occurred immediately prior to onset of thrombocytopenia. Heparin was stopped in all 32 patients with HITT. Six received no additional therapy, and one received a single dose of aspirin. Three of these 7 died. The other 25 received anticoagulant or multiagent therapy, with 2 deaths. The death rate was lower in those who were treated with anticoagulant or multiagent therapy (P = .05). We conclude that: 1) Thrombotic complications occur in about 29% of hospitalized patients who develop HIT. 2) Early, severe fall in platelet count in elderly patients receiving heparin appears to be associated with development of thrombotic complications. 3) Our data do not show an association between development of thrombotic complications and clinical events immediately preceding the diagnosis of HIT. 4) In addition to discontinuation of heparin, anticoagulant or thrombolytic therapy should be considered in patients with HITT.
Abstract 3183: Breast Cancer MethylSeq: Analysis of bisulfite converted breast cancer genomes using microdroplet-based targeted sequencing
Authors: Michael L. Samuels, Chia-Chin Wu, James Brayer, Jason Warner, Darren Link, Alan Harris, Steffi Oesterreichs, Adrian Lee, Aleksandar Milosavljevic
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Targeted sequencing using microdroplet-based PCR provides a method to selectively and uniformly amplify thousands of genomic regions of interest (ROIs) for efficient next generation sequencing (NGS). Recently, this approach has been adapted for the analysis of bisulfite-treated DNA, enabling strand-specific determination of cytosine methylation status with single-base pair resolution. This droplet PCR-based targeted approach significantly reduces cost and improves sequencing depth compared to whole-genome sequencing, allowing researchers to power larger studies to discover and validate how methylation and genomic aberrations affect cancer development. Here we report results from our ongoing work using a breast cancer targeted panel (Breast Cancer MethylSeq Panel) for sequence specific analysis of both epigenomic methylation and genomic mutation in breast tumor samples. The panel includes PCR primer pairs designed to target ∼2,700 ROIs, leaving room for an additional 1,300 target ROIs of interest to be added by individual researchers. Use of this single panel will provide information about CpG methylation and genomic sequence enabling analysis of multiple content types including: A) cell subtype; B) genomic mutation; C) surrogate gene expression subtypes using promoter CpG islands or other methylation markers; D) copy-number variation (CNV); E) Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH); F) methylation-mediated gene silencing and loss of imprinting. The Breast Cancer MethylSeq microdroplet library, comprising individual primer pairs for PCR in droplets, will be tested and validated using a set of 64 bisulfite-converted samples including 8 breast cancer cell lines, a range of ER positive and negative tumors and TCGA samples, and a set of 8 metastatic tumors from a single individual. We will report overall sequencing success metrics, as well as concordance with metadata on the various ROI classes (A-F above). The deep and comprehensive breast tumor sequencing enabled by this targeting panel will allow researchers to identify epigenomic alterations and genomic mutations across a range of assay types using just one assay. The goal for development and validation of this panel is to provide the breast cancer research community a unique tool for identifying and correlating cancer subtypes with clinical outcomes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3183. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3183
Simple Hemostatic Procedure for Hemorrhagic Duodenal Ulcer: Two Cases of Arterial Hemorrhage Quickly Controlled by Balloon Compression
Authors: T. Satoh, T. Shimoyama, S. Fukuda, A. Saito, A. Munakata
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

We utilized balloon compression in two cases of arterial hemorrhage from duodenal ulcers. The bleeding was quickly controlled in both cases. The advantages of this technique are its simplicity and ease of performance, and the fact that it does not require precise identification of the bleeding point in the duodenal bulb. No serious complications, such as perforation or stenosis, are associated with this technique. During the healing of the ulcer, balloon expansion may result in decreased duodenal bulb deformity. The following points, however, should be clarified in future studies: a) the stability of the duodenal bulb after longer-term balloon compression, and b) the optimum amount of cold water to be injected into the balloon and the optimum compression time.
Sodium pump current measured in cardiac ventricular myocytes isolated from control and potassium depleted rabbits
Authors: M. J Shattock, H. Matsuura, J. P T Ward
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article Sodium pump current measured in cardiac ventricular myocytes isolated from control and potassium depleted rabbits Get access Michael J Shattock, Michael J Shattock Cardiovascular Research, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom: M J Shattock, H Matsuura; Divisions of Medicine and Physiology, United Medical and Dental School, St Thomas's Campus, London SE1, United Kingdom: J P T Ward. Correspondence to Dr Shattock. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hiroshi Matsuura, Hiroshi Matsuura Cardiovascular Research, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom: M J Shattock, H Matsuura; Divisions of Medicine and Physiology, United Medical and Dental School, St Thomas's Campus, London SE1, United Kingdom: J P T Ward. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jeremy P T Ward Jeremy P T Ward Cardiovascular Research, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom: M J Shattock, H Matsuura; Divisions of Medicine and Physiology, United Medical and Dental School, St Thomas's Campus, London SE1, United Kingdom: J P T Ward. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 12, December 1994, Pages 1854–1862, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.12.1854 Published: 01 December 1994 Article history Received: 23 March 1994 Accepted: 28 September 1994 Published: 01 December 1994
Time and place for sputum cytology in the diagnosis of lung cancer.
Authors: F Hartveit
Journal: Thorax (1981)

Despite ready access to medical care 91% of patients dying of lung cancer derived from a population of just under 400 000 are shown to have presented too late for other than palliative treatment. As the incidence and death rates from lung cancer in the district were very similar, few survivors can be expected. Morphological confirmation of the diagnosis was available in 96% of cases. The first positive morphological diagnosis was obtained from sputum cytology taken on admission in 69% of all cases and in 77% of those in whom there had been delay in diagnosis. More extensive use of this investigation on an outpatient basis is urged.
Serial <i>In vivo</i> Spectroscopic Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Lactate and Extracellular pH in Rat Gliomas Shows Redistribution of Protons Away from Sites of Glycolysis
Authors: Peggy Provent, Marina Benito, Bassem Hiba, Régine Farion, Pilar López-Larrubia, Paloma Ballesteros, Chantal Rémy, Christoph Segebarth, Sebastián Cerdán, Jonathan A. Coles, María Luisa García-Martín
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract The acidity of the tumor microenvironment aids tumor growth, and mechanisms causing it are targets for potential therapies. We have imaged extracellular pH (pHe) in C6 cell gliomas in rat brain using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo. We used a new probe molecule, ISUCA [(±)2-(imidazol-1-yl)succinic acid], and fast imaging techniques, with spiral acquisition in k-space. We obtained a map of metabolites [136 ms echo time (TE)] and then infused ISUCA in a femoral vein (25 mmol/kg body weight over 110 min) and obtained two consecutive images of pHe within the tumor (40 ms TE, each acquisition taking 25 min). pHe (where ISUCA was present) ranged from 6.5 to 7.5 in voxels of 0.75 μL and did not change detectably when [ISUCA] increased. Infusion of glucose (0.2 mmol/kg·min) decreased tumor pHe by, on average, 0.150 (SE, 0.007; P &amp;lt; 0.0001, 524 voxels in four rats) and increased the mean area of measurable lactate peaks by 54.4 ± 3.4% (P &amp;lt; 0.0001, 287 voxels). However, voxel-by-voxel analysis showed that, both before and during glucose infusion, the distributions of lactate and extracellular acidity were very different. In tumor voxels where both could be measured, the glucose-induced increase in lactate showed no spatial correlation with the decrease in pHe. We suggest that, although glycolysis is the main source of protons, distributed sites of proton influx and efflux cause pHe to be acidic at sites remote from lactate production. [Cancer Res 2007;67(16):7638–45]
CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY IN HUMAN NEWBORNS WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE MODIFIES MATURATIONAL CHANGES IN CARDIAC ENERGY METABOLISM AND NEGATIVELY AFFECTS POSTSURGICAL FUNCTIONAL RECOVERY.
Authors: Alda Huai, Jay Jaswal, Victoria Lam, Ivan R. Rebeyka, Gary D. Lopaschuk
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)