tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibodies in orthotopic liver transplantation: A sequential study
Authors: A. Franza, A. Coaguette, J.P. Miguet, S. Bresson-Hadni, N. Lab, O. Njoya, N.C. Becker, C. Rouget, G. Mantion, M. Gillet
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1990)
261 INDIVIDUALIZED TREATMENT STRATEGIES AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY SUPPORT PROGRAMS (MSP) INCREASE THE EFFICACY OF ANTIVIRAL THERAPY FOR CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
Authors: M. García-Retortillo, I. Cirera, N. Cañnete, M.D. Giménez, C. Márquez, P. Castellví, R. Navinés, J.R. Castañno, O. Urbina, E. Salas, S. Coll, F. Bory, R. Martín-Santos, R. Solà
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Abstract 3425: Chk1 inhibitor targets replicative stress in melanomas.
Authors: Brian G. Gabrielli, Kelly Brooks, Brooke Edwards, James Chen, Sandra Pavey
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract There are few effective treatments for metastatic melanoma. Chk1 inhibitors are being trialed for their efficacy in enhancing conventional chemotherapeutic agents, but their effectiveness as single agents is relatively unexplored. We have examined the effectiveness of two novel Chk1 selective inhibitors, AR-323 and AR-678, in a large panel (40) of melanoma cell lines and normal cell types in vitro, and investigated the mechanism promoting their cytotoxicity in the drug-sensitive cell lines. We demonstrate that these drugs display single agent activity, with IC50s in the nanomolar range. The drugs produce cytotoxic effects in cell lines that are most sensitive to these drugs, whereas normal cells are only sensitive to these drugs at the higher concentrations where they have cytostatic activity. The cytotoxic effect is related to inhibition of S phase Chk1 which drives cells prematurely from late S phase, resulting in apoptosis either prior to or during an aberrant mitosis. Time lapse imaging has shown that the timing of cell death is related to the drug sensitivity of the cell line. The sensitivity to the Chk1 inhibitors was correlated with the level of endogenous DNA damage indicating replicative stress, and increasing endogenous replicative stress increased drug sensitivity. Chk1 inhibitors are viable single agent therapies which target melanoma cells with high levels of endogenous DNA damage. This sensitivity suggests that Chk1 is a critical component of an adaptation to replicative stress in these cells. It also suggests that markers of DNA damage may be useful in identifying the melanomas and potentially other tumour types that are more likely to be sensitive to Chk1 inhibitors as single agents. Citation Format: Brian G. Gabrielli, Kelly Brooks, Brooke Edwards, James Chen, Sandra Pavey. Chk1 inhibitor targets replicative stress in melanomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3425. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3425
484. Murine Liver as a Model for AAV Replication, Recombination and Evolution
Authors: Xun Sun, You Lu, Gaung-Ping Gao, Michael T. Korn, Julio SanMiguel, Martin W. Lock, James M. Wilson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Recent isolation and characterization of a family of novel adeno- associated viruses (AAVs) by our laboratory suggested that AAVs are highly prevalent in primate populations and undergo evolution through mechanisms such as intra-genome recombination. In an attempt to further understand the process of AAV evolution, we evaluated experimental models for AAV recombination. Murine liver is a good target for transduction by AAV and adenovirus vectors and, therefore, could be a potential model for our study. We proposed that the recombination could occur during and after replication of incoming single stranded AAV genomes. The ability of murine liver to support AAV replication becomes a critical qualification for its use as a model to study AAV recombination. Preliminary data generated from immune competent mice indeed suggested that wild type AAV genomes could be sufficiently replicated and possibly packaged in mouse liver (as measured by virus genome and infectivity titration, and DNA hybridization analysis) when co-injected with human adenovirus serotype 5. Experiments to characterize kinetics of AAV replication and dose response to helper adenovirus are under way. Co-administration of either AAV 1 and 8 or AAV1 and AAV2 together with adenovirus helper to the liver of C57BL/6 mice and passage of the resulted liver homogenate onto 293 cells led to recovery of AAV sequences that with either of the two input AAVs (90% of all genomes characterized) indicating that both viruses replicated and were packaged. Importantly, about 10% of the genomes were hybrids between the two AAV serotypes indicating in vivo intertypic recombination. The AAV clones were primarily screened by restriction mapping and representative clones were characterized by sequencing. Our preliminary data suggested that variant clones contained AAV genomic sequences derived from either point mutations or recombination/domain swapping of input parental viral genomes. Our study suggested that murine liver could be a potential model to study AAV biology and evolution.
Pakistani doctors protest about terrorist attack on hospital
Authors: A. Yusufzai
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The Pakistan Medical Association has expressed deep concern over the bomb blast at the district headquarters hospital in Dera Ismail Khan district of the North West Frontier Province. It has called for healthcare institutions to be protected.

The association’s president, Umar Ayub Khan, said that the 19 August blast, in the hospital’s emergency department, had left 32 people dead and 55 wounded. It had sent a wave of fear through the healthcare profession, he said. The blast killed three healthcare workers who were tending to patients when the alleged …
De motu urbanorum.
Authors: R E Williams
Journal: BMJ (1975)

9Cardinal9, 9Queen9 and 9Emperor9 grapes were used in export chests to determine the relation of sawdust moisture content, distribution of NaHSO<sub>3</sub> in sawdust, distribution of dibromotetrachloroethane (DBTCE) in sawdust, and DBTCE-impregnated pads to the spread of Botrytis decay and incidence of bleaching injury of the fruit. Moisture content was directly related to decay and bleaching. Mixing of either fungistat with sawdust just prior to application to the fruit reduced overall decay and bleaching compared to top-application to the sawdust-filled chest. Vibration was not effective in distributing top-applied NaHSO<sub>3</sub> to the bottom of the pack, but did have some effect in distributing DBTCE. Top and bottom pads impregnated with DBTCE controlled decay to some extent in sawdust-packed grapes, but were significantly poorer than either NaHSO<sub>3</sub> or DBTCE powder mixed with the sawdust. DBTCE was superior to NaHSO<sub>3</sub> as a fungistat with respect to longevity of effectiveness and non-injury to the fruit, its pungency and lachrymatory effect made it disagreeable to handle. It was emphasized that DBTCE could not be recommended for use since the chemical has not been cleared by the Federal Food and Drug Administration for use on grapes.
Dioxinlike components in incinerator fly ash: a comparison between chemical analysis data and results from a cell culture bioassay.
Authors: M Till, P Behnisch, H Hagenmaier, K W Bock, D Schrenk
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Potent polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxinlike polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are among the most relevant toxic emissions from incinerators. Induction of cytochrome P450 1A1-catalyzed 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity in mammalian cell culture (EROD bioassay) is thought to be a selective and sensitive parameter used for the quantification of dioxinlike compounds. Fly ash extracts from municipal waste incinerators (MWI), a crematorium, wood combustors, and a noble metal recycling facility were analyzed in the EROD bioassay using rat hepatocytes in primary culture. Fractions containing 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDDs/PCDFs, dioxinlike PCBs, and 16 major polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were isolated from the extract and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and by the EROD bioassay. It was found that with MWI samples the bioassay of the extract resulted in a two- to fivefold higher estimate of TCDD equivalents (TEQ) than the chemical analysis of PCDDs/PCDFs and PCBs. However, the outcome of both methods was significantly correlated, making the bioassay useful as a rough estimate for the sum of potent PCDDs/PCDFs and dioxinlike PCBs in extracts from MWI fly ash samples and in a fly ash sample from a crematorium. In noble metal recycling facility and wood combustor samples, higher amounts of PAHs were found, contributing to more pronounced differences between the results of both methods. The remaining unexplained inducing potency in fly ash samples probably results from additional dioxinlike components including certain PAHs not analyzed in this study. The hypothesis that emissions from MWI of hitherto unidentified dioxinlike compounds are higher by orders of magnitude than emissions of potent PCDDs/PCDFs and dioxinlike PCBs could not be confirmed. We found no indication for a marked synergistic interaction of dioxinlike fly ash components in the bioassay.
Identification of Group A Streptococci
Authors: Elia M. Ayoub, Lewis W. Wannamaker
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The fluorescent-antibody technique for identifying group A streptococci was compared with a standard precipitin method. When employed<i>after isolation on blood agar</i>, definite agreement between the two techniques was obtained in 174 of 203 instances. Evaluation of<i>primary identification by the fluorescent-antibody technique</i>showed agreement in 189 of 205 instances, but analysis of the 33 specimen pairs in which group A streptococci were identified by one or both techniques revealed agreement in only 17 instances. Primary isolation on a blood agar plate, followed by group identification by one of several available techniques, has the advantages of an easy method of screening out negative specimens and of providing quantitative information on positive specimens. These advantages seem to outweigh those of the more rapid but probably less definitive method of primary identification by the fluorescent-antibody technique.
Benefit-cost analysis of antimicrobial prophylaxis in abdominal and vaginal hysterectomy
Authors: Mervyn Shapiro, Stephen C. Schoenbaum, Ira B. Tager, Alvaro Munoz, Frank Polk
Journal: JAMA (1983)

We performed a benefit-cost analysis of antimicrobial prophylaxis for hysterectomy using data from a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of the efficacy of three doses of cefazolin sodium. The excess cost per patient with either operative site or urinary tract infection, or febrile morbidity diagnosed during hospitalization, was $1,777 for vaginal and $716 for abdominal hysterectomy. In patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy, prophylactic cefazolin reduced in-hospital infectious morbidity from 52% to 23% (preventive fraction, 56%), resulting in an average net benefit of $492 per patient. In abdominal hysterectomy, cefazolin decreased in-hospital morbidity from 43% to 25% (preventive fraction, 42%), resulting in an average net savings of $102 per patient. These benefits would be eroded by use of newer, more expensive cephalosporins unless they were considerably more effective than cefazolin. The benefits also would be diminished by inappropriate prolongation of the duration of prophylaxis.
Id1 Gene Transfer Confers Angiogenic Property on Fully Differentiated Endothelial Cells and Contributes to Therapeutic Angiogenesis
Authors: Koichi Nishiyama, Kentaro Takaji, Keiichiro Kataoka, Yukiko Kurihara, Michihiro Yoshimura, Atsushi Kato, Hisao Ogawa, Hiroki Kurihara
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Transplantation of endothelial progenitor cells has been proposed as a potential strategy for therapeutic revascularization. However, the limited endogenous cell pool and the related technical difficulties constitute clinically important disadvantages to autologous transplantation. In this study we investigated whether fully differentiated endothelial cells (ECs) modified with gene transfer of Id1, a helix-loop-helix transcription factor involved in angiogenesis, have the potential to contribute to therapeutic angiogenesis. Methods and Results— The Id1 gene was transferred into human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) via a Sendai virus vector. Id1 stimulated migration, proliferation, and capillary-like tube/cord formation of HUVECs. In addition, Id1 reduced serum deprivation–induced HUVEC apoptosis, as shown by FACS analysis with annexin V and TUNEL staining. Transplantation of Id1-overexpressing HUVECs accelerated recovery of blood flow as evaluated by laser-Doppler perfusion imaging, increased capillary density, and improved the rate of limb salvage compared with the transplantation of control HUVECs. Histochemical analysis revealed that the regenerated vascular networks of limbs transplanted with Id1-overexpressing HUVECs contained numerous HUVECs, some of which were in a proliferative state. Untransfected HUVECs were also incorporated with Id1-transfected HUVECs, suggesting the noncell autonomous effect of Id1. Finally, angiopoietin-1 was upregulated in Id1-overexpressing HUVECs and functionally contributed to the in vitro angiogenic effect of Id1. Conclusions— Id1 gene transfer conferred HUVECs with an angiogenic property, contributing to neovascularization after transplantation into ischemic lesions. Transplantation of Id1-overexpressing mature ECs may serve as a novel and useful strategy for therapeutic angiogenesis.
Rape and the laboratory
Authors: E. M Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1978)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Acoustic surveys of bats are currently limited by the detection range of ultrasound microphones. This makes it difficult to survey bats at height, over water, or in other hard to reach locations. Drones, also known as UAVs or UASs, are becoming more affordable and feature rich, resulting in more uptake in conservation, primarily for aerial imagery. In this paper we address current limitations to acoustic bat surveys by developing three autonomous drones for surveying bats; a plane, quadcopter and boat. All three are capable of moving autonomously from one waypoint to another while carrying a bat detector to record bats and are all low cost (under US$950) with large operational ranges that make them suited to aerial transect work. Initial testing highlighted ultrasound noise generated by the drones as a major issue for recording bats from these systems. This was mitigated through iterative design of the microphone placement and the vehicles themselves. Subsequent testing in real world settings, in the presence of bats, demonstrated that bats could be recorded under autonomous navigation and that the ultrasound interference could be reduced to a negligible level. Autonomous drones offer an exciting new tool in the tool box of bat workers and researchers. They allow us to study areas previously inaccessible on foot, as well as at heights that have previously been inaccessible. We also discuss current limitations to this technology, including legal considerations, hidden costs and potential impacts on bat behaviour.
U-500 Insulin in the Treatment of Antibody-Mediated Insulin Resistance
Authors: DAVID M. NATHAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Three patients with antibody-mediated insulin resistance were treated with U-500 regular insulin subcutaneously. Insulin requirements decreased dramatically (55% to 75%) when therapy was changed from U-100 NPH pork to equivalent doses of U-500 regular pork insulin. There was no difference in antibody affinity for the insulin in these two preparations as shown by competition experiments. These observations demonstrate that U-500 insulin is a useful alternative in the treatment of antibody-mediated insulin resistance. The mechanism for this effect is yet to be determined.
Sleep-related breathing disorders. 5. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea.
Authors: R R Grunstein
Journal: Thorax (1995)

CPAP should be considered the first line of treatment in patients with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnoea. In our centre in Sydney this generally means patients with more than 20 apnoea/hypopnoeas per hour with repeated dips in oxyhaemoglobin saturation and usually some symptomatology. Despite this first line role of nasal CPAP, recent objective studies question whether earlier enthusiastic reports on adherence to CPAP are correct. The role of technical innovations in new CPAP machines in improving usage remains to be tested. The "drop out" rate from physician selection for a CPAP trial to highly compliant user is certainly more than 50% of patients. What happens to these patients? Data from some studies suggest that surgical treatments are used, at least in the USA, but in all probability many of these patients remain untreated. The challenge in the next decade is either to improve CPAP devices to increase usage in this group or to develop other treatment options. The role of intensive inhospital "acclimatisation" to CPAP also has yet to be objectively tested. It is unclear whether "intelligent" CPAP will make huge inroads in increasing the number of patients who accept CPAP trials, prescriptions, or compliance. It will have minimal impact on patients with mask problems or claustrophobia or those who feel that CPAP is inconvenient. There is a high likelihood that it will reduce technologist workload during CPAP titration studies. "Intelligent" CPAP may help to reduce total overnight mouth leakage and therefore reduce nasal side effects. The current expense of developing such devices will mean that they are unlikely to supersede much cheaper standard "one pressure" CPAP machines in the next few years.
The Demonstration of Left Atrial Enlargement by Body Section Radiography
Authors: BERNARD H. PASTOR, GEORGE T. WOHL, L. THEODORE LAWRENCE
Journal: Circulation (1955)

The enlarged left atrium may be poorly demonstrated in conventional rcentgenograms. It can be delineated clearly in such cases by appropriate body section films. Body section radiography may also be helpful in the study of other ill-defined cardiac and vascular contours and in the demonstration of intracardiac calcification.
Long-term prognosis of patients with variant angina.
Authors: A Walling, D D Waters, D D Miller, D Roy, G B Pelletier, P Théroux
Journal: Circulation (1987)

The long-term prognosis of variant angina and the factors influencing it were assessed in 217 consecutive patients hospitalized in our coronary care unit and followed for a mean of 65 months (range 2 to 123). Cardiac death occurred in 30 patients and an additional 54 experienced a nonfatal myocardial infarction. Survival at 1 and 5 years was 95% and 89%, respectively; survival without infarction was 83% and 69%. Coronary disease and the degree of disease activity were strong predictors of survival by Cox analysis. Survival at 1 year was 99%, and that at 5 years was 95% and 94%, respectively, for patients with one-vessel disease (n = 81) and for those without stenoses of 70% or greater (n = 87). Survival at 1 and 5 years was only 87% and 77% for those with multivessel disease (n = 40). The Cox analysis selected left ventricular function, initial treatment, extent score, duration of angina at rest, and disease activity as multivariate predictors of survival without infarction. Coronary disease was a strong predictor (p less than .0001) of survival without infarction by univariate analysis. Treatment with nifedipine, diltiazem, or verapamil improved survival without infarction compared with other medical treatment (p = .002). Myocardial infarction occurred most commonly soon after diagnosis in patients with a short history of angina at rest. Late coronary events were almost never preceded by resting angina.
Heart Failure and Pulmonary Edema Produced By Certain Neurologic Stimuli
Authors: ROBERT PAINE, JOHN R. SMITH, HARVEY R. BUTCHER, FRANK A. HOWARD
Journal: Circulation (1952)

Experimental evidence has indicated that the genesis of acute pulmonary edema due to insufficiency of the left ventricular myocardium is dependent upon pulmonary engorgement and rapid filtration of fluid from the capillaries. It has been possible to demonstrate that significant elevation of arterial blood pressure from noxious stimulation of the central nervous system may be poorly tolerated when the myocardium has been previously damaged, so that acute left ventricular failure has occurred. The resulting massive pulmonary edema clearly followed the hemodynamic changes of severe congestion.
Cytomegalovirus Infection Is Associated With Cardiac Allograft Rejection and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Mark T. Grattan
Journal: JAMA (1989)

We studied the effects of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection on 301 cardiac transplant recipients who were treated during the cyclosporine era of immunosuppression (1980 to the present). These patients received varying combinations of cyclosporine, azathioprine, prednisone, rabbit antithymocyte globulin, and OKT3 as their immunosuppressive therapy. Two hundred ten patients were free of CMV infection (non-CMV group). During the same period CMV infection developed in 91 patients, as manifested by a fourfold IgG serologic titer rise, demonstration of CMV inclusion bodies in tissue, or positive cultures for the virus (CMV group). The rate of graft rejection was significantly higher in the CMV group. Graft atherosclerosis was significantly more severe in the CMV group as judged by angiographic criteria or by pathologic study. Patient survival rates were significantly lower in the CMV group. Death caused by graft atherosclerosis was significantly more common among patients in the CMV group. Finally, the graft loss rate (from either death or retransplantation for atherosclerosis) was significantly greater in the CMV group. These data demonstrate that CMV infection in cardiac transplant recipients is associated with more frequent rejection, graft atherosclerosis, and death.
Colorimetric Standards for Emergency Estimations of Certain Constituents of Blood and C.S.F
Authors: E. J. King
Journal: BMJ (1940)

MEDICAL JOUhRNAL he was lying this sound was higher in pitch and accentuated.A systolic murmur was present buLt not conducted, and also a mid-diastolic murmur localized to the apex.This was especi- ally obvious after exertion.A well-compensated slight mitral stenosis was therefore present.This man would be unfit for any service exposing him to physical stress.In special cir- cumstances he might be available for clerical or other fairly sedentary work.But any recrLudescence of the active rheu- matism might result in a heavy pensions liability to the country; for the subsequent illness might well be prolonged, with remissions, for fifteen to twenty years.Case 4.-A man aged 32, 6 ft. 4 in. in height and well built in proportion, was found to have the murmur of aortic regurgitation.He had always been healthy, and had played games normally at school.On examination the presence of aortic regurgitation was confirmed, but the associated leak was insignificant.This was proved by two facts: first, the dias- tolic pressure was not lowered (126/72); secondly, there was little cardiac enlargement, the apex beat being in the fifth space and the orthodiagraphic diameter of the heart being only about 1 cm.above normal.This man had the definite promise of a surveying job in the artillery, for which he was fitted by his civil experience.He was therefore passed as fit.Case 5.-A man aged 24 had had rheumatic fever two years previously.Since then he had worked as a coal-miner and had remained free from symptoms.On examination aortic