tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ophthalmlic Involvement in Aggressive Histiocytosis X
Authors: Mathew W. MacCumber, Paul N. Hoffman, Gary S. Wand, Jonathan I. Epstein, William E. Beschorner, W. Richard Green
Journal: Ophthalmology (1990)

The authors report the clinicopathologic features of an unusually aggressive form of histiocytosis X (Langerhans' cell histiocytosis) in a 36-year-old man who presented with diplopia and early development of pituitary failure from presumed involvement of the hypothalamus. Results of postmortem examination showed infiltrates of histiocytes and mixed inflammatory cells, with a variably dense desmoplastic tissue within the orbit and sclera bilaterally, the left optic nerve, choroid, emissary canals, and many other body systems including the pituitary, heart, lung, and gastrointestinal tract. Diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining of large histiocytes within diseased areas, with anti-T6 and anti-S-100 antibodies.
Treatment With Thyroid Hormone
Authors: Alan R. Gaby
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In reference to the editorial by Dr Cooper,<sup>1</sup>practitioners who continue to use thyroid extract despite criticism from their colleagues do so for a good reason: it sometimes works better than other thyroid preparations. I frequently see patients receiving long-term levothyroxine sodium therapy who, despite supposedly appropriate treatment, still complain of fatigue, depression, cold extremities, dry skin, or other symptoms. After changing to an equivalent (or sometimes slightly less than equivalent) dosage of desiccated thyroid, these symptoms improve considerably. One might speculate that the therapeutic advantage of thyroid extract is due to diiodotyrosine. As much as 38% of the iodine present in the thyroid gland is in the form of this compound, and diiodotyrosine is found naturally in the blood. In one study,<sup>2</sup>diiodotyrosine was effective in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis, suggesting that this compound may somehow modulate the effect of thyroid hormones. We should
"It's all too subjective": scepticism about the possibility or use of philosophical medical ethics.
Authors: R Gillon
Journal: BMJ (1985)

In one of a series of articles on philosophical medical ethics, Gillon rebuts the argument that moral claims are essentially different from scientific claims because scientific claims are objective and confirmable or refutable, while moral claims are subjective, unconfirmable, irrefutable, and their differences incapable of resolution. He contends that there is widespread agreement about many moral principles, that moral disagreement may arise from the use of ambiguous terminology, and that progress toward resolution may be accomplished by analysis of the logical validity and consistency of the arguments.
Single mechanism but not single route: Learning verb inflections in constructivist neural networks
Authors: Gert Westermann
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Clahsen's theory raises problems that make it seem untenable. As an alternative, a constructivist neural network model is reported that develops a modular architecture and in which a single associative mechanism produces all inflections, displaying an emergent dissociation between regular and irregular verbs. Thus, Clahsen's rejection of associative models of inflection concerns only a subgroup of these models.
Abstract BS03-1: Tumor-derived exosomes promote pre-metastatic niche formation and organotropism
Authors: DC Lyden, H Peinado-Selgas, A Nitadori, T-L Shen, M Aleckovic, Y Kang, J Bromberg
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Metastasis is the most deadly aspect of cancer due to a lack of appropriate therapies. Tumor-secreted factors have been recently recognized to be one of the main culprits for metastatic progression. Tumor-secreted factors such as VEGF-A, PlGF, TGFb, TNF-a, and LOX have been shown to play active roles in the recruitment of bone marrow (BM)-derived cells to the primary tumor microenvironment and pre-metastatic niches. We have found that tumor-derived exosomes are abundantly secreted into the circulation in highly metastatic murine models and in patients with stage IV metastatic disease. Tumor-derived exosomes induce vascular leakiness, and hypoxic and pro-inflammatory changes at pre-metastatic sites. Moreover, tumor-derived exosomes preferentially fuse and “educate” BM-derived progenitor cells to a pro-vasculogenic phenotype characterized by upregulation of Tie-2, VEGF-A, VEGFR2, TSP1 and ADAM10. We found that B16-F10 melanoma-derived exosomes help establish pre-metastatic niches, including the recruitment of “educated” BM cells, in specific organs destined to be involved in future metastasis whereas LLC lung cancer-derived exosomes predominant in the lung as the main organ of metastasis. These results suggest that tumor-derived exosomes may have a role in metastatic organotropism, whereby cancer metastasizes to specific organs, as proposed by Stephen Paget's ‘seed and soil’ hypothesis more than a 100 years ago. We believe that the identification of exosomes proteins, with their prognostic and therapeutic potential, may also partially explain the specific receptor-ligand binding of exosomes to a pre-metastatic niche defining an organotropic site for future metastasis. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr BS03-1.
Foreign Medical Graduates and the Medical Underground
Authors: Robert J. Weiss, Joel C. Kleinman, Ursula C. Brandt, Jacob J. Feldman, Aims C. McGuinness
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Abstract A written questionnaire was distributed by the Educational Council for Foreign Medical Graduates to 4035 foreign medical graduates taking the January, 1973, examination in centers in the United States. Forty-eight per cent of the 3935 respondents were working in the health field at the time of the examination. In general, married males on permanent visas who entered the United States before 1970 had the highest rate of employment in the health field. Those working in the health field had a lower passing rate on the examination than those not working (15 vs. 26 per cent). The questionnaire was followed by telephone interviews of a sample of 850 respondents designed to obtain more detailed information about job duties. Seventy-three per cent of the 513 who reported working in the health field were involved in direct patient care, and 64 per cent of these were employed in hospitals. Analyses of specific job duties revealed large numbers functioning independently and in unsupervised settings. The results suggest that serious problems exist in the control of the quality of care delivered in the American health-care system. (N Engl J Med 290:1408–1413, 1974)
Beyond Outcomes—The Appropriateness of Surgical Care
Authors: Clara N. Lee
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ordered accumulation of mutations in HIV protease confers resistance to ritonavir
Authors: Akhteruzzaman Molla, Marina Korneyeva, Qing Gao, Sudthida Vasavanonda, Paaline J. Schipper, Hong-Mei Mo, Martin Markowitz, Tatyana Chernyavskiy, Ping Niu, Nicholas Lyons, Ann Hsu, G. Richard Granneman, David D. Ho, Charles A.B. Boucher, John M. Leonard, Daniel W. Norbeck, Dale J. Kempf
Journal: Nature Medicine (1996)
Massive Splenomegaly in Gaucher's Disease
Authors: Michael F. Appel
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  Gaucher's disease is one of many entities which can be accompanied by a markedly enlarged spleen. The consequences of massive splenomegaly are well known. Depletion of one or more of the cellular elements of the blood is a common indication for splenectomy. In extreme cases, cosmetic disfigurement may occur.  The case presented involved both of these problems. We also believe the spleen to represent the largest to be successfully removed.  Report of a Case.—  In a 22-year-old woman, the diagnosis of Gaucher's disease had been made at age 7 1/2 years from bone marrow examination. She was lost to follow-up until age 21 years, when she received several blood transfusions for anemia at another hospital. Splenectomy was advised and she was referred here for consideration of this operation.  This asthenic, pale, white woman was in no distress. The abdomen was markedly protuberant and filled in all four
PERSISTENT OMPHALOMESENTERIC DUCT AND URACHUS IN THE SAME CASE
Authors: Herbert H. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Though it is not uncommon to find a case of patent urachus or patent omphalomesenteric duct, to have the two in the same patient is very rare. We have been able to find only two such cases in the literature. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> R. H., a boy, aged 1 year, was admitted to Clarkson Hospital, Feb. 26, 1925, with the complaint of discharge from the umbilicus. The physician who delivered him made the statement that at birth, March 5, 1924, the umbilical cord was very large. When he was 6 days old, his father reports, some material that looked like feces was discharged from the umbilicus. Since then there had always been some moisture at the umbilicus. At 6 weeks the physician cauterized the umbilicus with a silver nitrate stick. This had no effect and there had been some liquid discharge ever since. The child was well nourished. A dressing
Oil-filled polymer microcapsules for ultrasound-mediated delivery of lipophilic drugs
Authors: Klazina Kooiman, Marcel R. Böhmer, Marcia Emmer, Hendrik J. Vos, Ceciel Chlon, William T. Shi, Christopher S. Hall, Suzanne H.P.M. de Winter, Karin Schroën, Michel Versluis, Nico de Jong, Annemieke van Wamel
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2008)
Diagnosing vitamin B-12 deficiency on the basis of serum B-12 assay
Authors: Vinod Devalia
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Serum vitamin B-12 concentrations are measured to assess the presence of its deficiency in patients presenting with haematolological, neurological, and neuropsychiatric abnormalities. Replacement therapy is instituted promptly, particularly to prevent irreversible neurological and cognitive dysfunction. I present two cases with paradoxical vitamin B-12 results, which highlight the fallacies of the serum vitamin B-12 assay and emphasise the importance of taking into account the overall clinical picture before prejudging the significance of the vitamin B-12 assay result. ### Case 1 A 59 year old white woman was seen urgently for assessment of a macrocytic anaemia. She had normal serum B-12 concentrations, confirmed on three occasions. She complained of progressively increasing lethargy, palpitations, and buzzing in the ears over about three months. She had a good, well balanced diet and was not a vegetarian. Apart from thyroxine, she was taking no regular medication. She said her father had had pernicious anaemia. On clinical examination the only clinically significant findings were a mild glossitis and pallor. A full blood count showed a substantial macrocytic anaemia and a mild reduction of the white cell count (figure). The blood film showed mild oval macrocytosis, occasional nucleated red cells, and some hypersegmented neutrophils. An urgent bone marrow examination showed megaloblastic haemopoiesis.
Trials Assess Myasthenia Gravis Therapies
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Rationale and design of the SERVE‐HF study: treatment of sleep‐disordered breathing with predominant central sleep apnoea with adaptive servo‐ventilation in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Martin R. Cowie, Holger Woehrle, Karl Wegscheider, Christiane Angermann, Marie‐Pia d'Ortho, Erland Erdmann, Patrick Levy, Anita Simonds, Virend K. Somers, Faiez Zannad, Helmut Teschler
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2013)

Central sleep apnoea/Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSA/CSR) is a risk factor for increased mortality and morbidity in heart failure (HF). Adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) is a non-invasive ventilation modality for the treatment of CSA/CSR in patients with HF.SERVE-HF is a multinational, multicentre, randomized, parallel trial designed to assess the effects of addition of ASV (PaceWave, AutoSet CS; ResMed) to optimal medical management compared with medical management alone (control group) in patients with symptomatic chronic HF, LVEF ≤45%, and predominant CSA. The trial is based on an event-driven group sequential design, and the final analysis will be performed when 651 events have been observed or the study is terminated at one of the two interim analyses. The aim is to randomize ∼1200 patients to be followed for a minimum of 2 years. Patients are to stay in the trial up to study termination. The first patient was randomized in February 2008 and the study is expected to end mid 2015. The primary combined endpoint is the time to first event of all-cause death, unplanned hospitalization (or unplanned prolongation of a planned hospitalization) for worsening (chronic) HF, cardiac transplantation, resuscitation of sudden cardiac arrest, or appropriate life-saving shock for ventricular fibrillation or fast ventricular tachycardia in implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients.The SERVE-HF study is a randomized study that will provide important data on the effect of treatment with ASV on morbidity and mortality, as well as the cost-effectiveness of this therapy, in patients with chronic HF and predominantly CSA/CSR.ISRCTN19572887.
Arab conference warns of increasing health problems associated with air pollution
Authors: M. Meleigy
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Arab countries are spending huge amounts of money on dealing with health problems associated with vehicle emissions, underlining the need for tighter measures to control air pollution, said speakers at a conference on the issue last week.

Speaking at the EnviroCities 2008 conference, the environment minister of the United Arab Emirates, Rashid Ahmed Bin Fahad, warned, “Arab countries spend more than $5bn [£3.3bn; €3.9bn] annually to fight health problems caused by vehicular emissions.

“The risks of growing pollution levels in the UAE underscore the need to develop the existing laws, standards, and specifications for controlling air pollution in the …
The Hemophagocytic Syndrome
Authors: Mortimer S. Greenberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Letters1 June 1991The Hemophagocytic SyndromeMortimer S. Greenberg, MDMortimer S. Greenberg, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-11-993_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: The article on the acute lupus hemophagocytic syndrome (1) implies that the mechanism underlying the cytopenias is phagocytosis of the blood cells by macrophages. This in turn raises the question of whether there are antibodies to the blood cells in the plasma, because macrophages have surface receptors for immunoglobulins. Did the authors test these patients for antibodies that react in vitro to erythrocytes (Coombs test), neutrophils, or platelets? Histiocytes with phagocytosed neutrophils have been described in the bone marrow and spleen of patients with autoimmune neutropenia (2) who do have serum antibodies to neutrophils.The dosage of...References1. WongHuiChanChanHa KPJYS. The acute lupus hemophagocytic syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114:387-90. LinkGoogle Scholar2. BoxerGreenbergBoxer LMG. Autoimmune neutropenia N Engl J Med. 1975;293:748-53. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. WongHuiChanChanHa KPJYS. The acute lupus hemophagocytic syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1991;114:387-90. LinkGoogle Scholar2. BoxerGreenbergBoxerStossel LMGT. Autoimmune neutropenia. N Engl J Med. 1975;293:748-53. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mount Auburn Hospital Cambridge, MA 02238 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1991Volume 114, Issue 11Page: 993-993KeywordsAntibodiesBlood cellsBone marrowHistiocytesNeutropeniaNeutrophilsPatientsPhagocytosisPlateletsSpleen Issue Published: 1 June 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...
Poor progress is made in India's effort to control measles
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2009)

India’s attempts to control measles have failed, public health experts told a national round table consultation last week, with the estimated number of annual deaths from the infection stubbornly high at about 130 000.

The report from the three day consultation, to be submitted to the Indian health ministry, has attributed the failure to inadequate immunisation, poor surveillance, and lack of basic health services in several states.

The health ministry’s own figures indicate that the number of cases of suspected measles each year over the past decade has ranged from 35 000 to 60 000, down from 40 000 to 90 000 in 1990-8. However, it is generally conceded that the ministry’s numbers do not reflect the true picture.

“India’s disease surveillance system is able to pick up …
Demanding Medical Excellence: Doctors and Accountability in the Information Age
Authors: Eugene C. Rich
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Medical Writings15 July 1998Demanding Medical Excellence: Doctors and Accountability in the Information AgeEugene C. Rich, MDEugene C. Rich, MDCreighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NebraskaSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-2-199807150-00039 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Demanding Medical Excellence: Doctors and Accountability in the Information Age; Millenson ML. 433 pages. Chicago: Univ of Chicago Pr; 1997. $24.95. ISBN 0226525872. Order phone 800-621-2736.Field of medicine: Health care administration.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Clinicians and administrators, as well as students in the health professions and the general public interested in health care.Purpose: To familiarize the reader with outcomes measurement, thereby expanding public and professional demand for more sophisticated medical quality improvement initiatives.Content: Written by journalist Michael Millenson, the book reviews the history of quality measurement in the United States. The first of its four major ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 July 1998Volume 129, Issue 2Page: 167KeywordsHealth careHealth care qualityHistory of medicineHospital medicineInformation technologyKidneysNecrosisPrevention, policy, and public healthQuality improvementSalts ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 July 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The pH Hypothesis of Postconditioning
Authors: Michael V. Cohen, Xi-Ming Yang, James M. Downey
Journal: Circulation (2007)

It is unclear how reperfusion of infarcting hearts with alternating cycles of coronary reperfusion/occlusion attenuates infarction, but prevention of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) formation is crucial. Acidosis also suppresses MPTP formation. We tested whether postconditioning protects by maintaining acidosis during early reoxygenation.After 30-minute regional ischemia in isolated rabbit hearts, reperfusion with buffer (pH 7.4) caused 34.4+/-2.2% of the risk zone to infarct, whereas 2 minutes of postconditioning (6 cycles of 10-second reperfusion/10-second occlusion) at reperfusion resulted in 10.7+/-2.9% infarction. One minute (3 cycles) of postconditioning was not protective. Hypercapnic buffer (pH 6.9) for the first 2 minutes of reperfusion in lieu of postconditioning caused equivalent cardioprotection (15.0+/-2.6% infarction), whereas 1 minute of acidosis did not protect. Delaying postconditioning (6 cycles) or 2 minutes of acidosis for 1 minute aborted protection. Reperfusion with buffer (pH 7.7) blocked postconditioning protection, but addition of the MPTP closer cyclosporin A restored protection. Reactive oxygen species scavenger N-2-mercaptopropionyl glycine, protein kinase C antagonist chelerythrine, and mitochondrial K(ATP) channel closer 5-hydroxydecanoate each blocked protection from 2 minutes of acidosis as they did for postconditioning.Thus, postconditioning prevents MPTP formation by maintaining acidosis during the first minutes of reperfusion as reoxygenated myocardium produces reactive oxygen species that activate protective signaling to inhibit MPTP formation after pH normalization.
Fertility clinics no longer need to consult patients' GPs
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2005)

GPs will no longer have to provide a child welfare assessment for patients undergoing fertility treatment, the UK Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority has decided.

Until now fertility clinics have had to contact each individual's GP before offering treatment to ensure that a welfare assessment—which assesses the patient's suitability to raise a child—was available. This would cover information on the patient's social and family circumstances.

But many GPs have said they are not appropriately qualified to comment on such circumstances, as they involve non-medical matters. And many clinics, and …