tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
IL-1 Plays an Important Role in Lipid Metabolism by Regulating Insulin Levels under Physiological Conditions
Authors: Taizo Matsuki, Reiko Horai, Katsuko Sudo, Yoichiro Iwakura
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2003)

IL-1 is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays important roles in inflammation. However, the role of this cytokine under physiological conditions is not known completely. In this paper, we analyzed the role of IL-1 in maintaining body weight because IL-1 receptor antagonist–deficient (IL-1Ra−/−) mice, in which excess IL-1 signaling may be induced, show a lean phenotype. Body fat accumulation was impaired in IL-1Ra−/− mice, but feeding behavior, expression of hypothalamic factors involved in feeding control, energy expenditure, and heat production were normal. When IL-1Ra−/− mice were treated with monosodium glutamate (MSG), which causes obesity in wild-type mice by ablating cells in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, they were resistant to obesity, indicating that excess IL-1 signaling antagonizes the effect of MSG-sensitive neuron deficiency. IL-1Ra−/− mice showed decreased weight gain when they were fed the same amount of food as wild-type mice, and lipid accumulation remained impaired even when they were fed a high-fat diet. Interestingly, serum insulin levels and lipase activity were low in IL-1Ra−/− mice, and the insulin levels were low in contrast to wild-type mice after MSG treatment. These observations suggest that IL-1 plays an important role in lipid metabolism by regulating insulin levels and lipase activity under physiological conditions.
Septic Arthritis of the Acromioclavicular Joint
Authors: Bernard Zicat, Daniel M. Rahme, Kiran Swaraj, Suleman Qurashi, Robert Loneragan, Hans Van der Wall
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

A 62-year-old man presented to the hospital feeling generally unwell with rigors. He reported a painful right shoulder 1 day later. Ultrasound of the right shoulder was unremarkable. Blood cultures taken on admission grew Staphylococcus aureus. Because he had a history of right knee replacement complicated by infection with the same pathogen, a colloid/leukocyte scan was ordered to evaluate the possibility of prosthetic infection. Although the study revealed no prosthetic infection, it did show intense unmatched leukocyte uptake in the right acromioclavicular joint with a large soft tissue component. Computed tomography of the site was unremarkable. Surgical exploration confirmed septic arthritis of the right acromioclavicular joint with a large soft tissue component but no osteomyelitis. This is a rarely reported site for septic arthritis.
Src Homology 2–Containing Inositol 5′-Phosphatase 1 Negatively Regulates IFN-γ Production by Natural Killer Cells Stimulated with Antibody-Coated Tumor Cells and Interleukin-12
Authors: Robin Parihar, Rossana Trotta, Julie M. Roda, Amy K. Ferketich, Susheela Tridandapani, Michael A. Caligiuri, William E. Carson
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract We have previously shown that natural killer (NK) cells secrete a distinct profile of immunomodulatory cytokines in response to dual stimulation with antibody-coated tumor cells and interleukin-12 (IL-12). This NK cell cytokine response is dependent on synergistic signals mediated by the activating receptor for the Fc portion of IgG (FcγRIIIa) and the IL-12 receptor (IL-12R), both constitutively expressed on NK cells. The phosphatase Src homology 2–containing inositol 5′-phosphatase 1 (SHIP1) is known to exert inhibitory effects on Fc receptor (FcR) signaling via its enzymatic activity on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K) products within many cells of the immune system, most notably mast cells, B cells, and monocytes. However, its activity in the context of FcR activation on NK cells has not been fully explored. The current study focused on the regulation of FcγRIIIa-induced NK cell cytokine production by SHIP1. Inhibitor studies showed that NK cell IFN-γ production following FcR stimulation in the presence of IL-12 depended, in part, on the downstream products of PI3-K. Overexpression of wild-type (WT) SHIP1, but not a catalytic-deficient mutant, via retroviral transfection of primary human NK cells, resulted in a &amp;gt;70% reduction of NK cell IFN-γ production in response to costimulation. In addition, NK cells from SHIP1−/− mice produced 10-fold greater amounts of IFN-γ following culture with antibody-coated tumor cells plus IL-12 compared with NK cells from WT mice. Further, activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family member extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk; a downstream target of PI3-K) was significantly enhanced within SHIP1−/− NK cells compared with WT NK cells following costimulation. Pharmacologic inhibition of Erk activity, but not Jnk MAPK activity, led to significantly decreased IFN-γ production from both SHIP1−/− and WT NK cells under these conditions. These results are the first to show a physiologic role for SHIP1 in the regulation of NK cell cytokine production and implicate PI3-K in the induction of MAPK signal transduction following costimulation of NK cells via the FcR and the IL-12R.
Dr. Benjamin Waterhouse and the Boston Marine Hospital
Authors: RICHARD H. THURM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

On 27 November 1807 Dr. Benjamin Waterhouse of Cambridge, Massachusetts, first Hersey Professor of the Theory and Practice of Physic at the Medical Institution of Harvard University, was appointed third Physician in Charge of the Marine Hospital at Boston by President Thomas Jefferson. Two years later, on 25 July 1809, he was removed from that office by President James Madison. During this short period Dr. Waterhouse reorganized the hospital's rules and orders, introduced the clinical instruction of medical students in New England, and developed an outpatient service. He was dismissed for alleged petty thievery and graft. Recently catalogued letters cast additional light on the validity of these allegations. Dr. Waterhouse's antagonistic personality and the change of administration in Washington may have significantly contributed to his removal.
Overdose of Cyclic Antidepressants and the Brugada Syndrome
Authors: Dany Goldgran-Toledano, Georgios Sideris, Jean-Philippe Kevorkian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

To the Editor: The Brugada syndrome is a rare clinical and electrocardiographic entity consisting of sudden death from cardiac causes associated with right bundle-branch block and unusual ST-segmen...
Editorial: Why celebrate?
Authors: L. S. King
Journal: JAMA (1976)

We are now celebrating the 200th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence—not the signing of that document but its assertion; literally, the<i>declaration</i>. In any such celebration, the personal reactions will vary. There may be thankfulness that we have passed a milestone; or pride in comparisons with the past— "That was the way things were then, but<i>this</i>is the way they are now"; or humility that the present is so imperfect and that so much remains to be done. But in the present bicentennial year, what is specifically medical? Why should physicians as a professional group make any special commemoration? The bicentennial celebration gives physicians an opportunity to think about the past and its relation to the present, not in regard to political events but rather in regard to our medical heritage and medical problems. There is an invitation to become, for a short time, a historian. Many people
Increasing Survival Trend After Cancer Diagnosis in Sweden: 1960-1984
Authors: H.-O. Adami, P. Sparen, R. Bergstrom, L. Holmberg, U. B. Krusemo, J. Ponten
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1989)

We analyzed the survival trend after cancer was diagnosed by complete follow-up through 1986 of 591,456 (99.4%) of all those patients in whom a first malignant disease was diagnosed in Sweden from 1960 to 1984. From 1960–1964 to 1980–1984, the 5-year relative survival increased from 34.2% to 47.1% in males and from 48.7% to 56.9% in females. The mean loss of expected life among cancer patients decreased from 9.6 to 7.0 years. During the first 5 years after diagnosis, the cancer-specific hazard rate decreased by 34% in males and 30% in females. Thus several analytical approaches revealed a substantial increase in cancer patient survival since 1960. [J Natl Cancer Inst 81:1640–1647, 1989]
COMMON DUCT STONES
Authors: HOWARD M. CLUTE
Journal: JAMA (1930)

In the Lahey Clinic during the years 1910 to 1926 inclusive, 619 patients with disease of the biliary tract were operated on. In the 619 cases, exploration of the common duct was undertaken 96 times (15.5 per cent), and 52 patients (8.4 per cent) were found to have stones. In the years 1927 to 1929 inclusive, however, with increased interest in common duct stones we increased markedly the percentage of explorations of the common duct. There were in these three years 413 cases in which operations were performed for disease of the biliary tract; 140, or 33.8 per cent, of these patients had explorations of the common duct; 74 of the patients, or 17.9 per cent, were found to have stones in the common duct. These figures indicate that as the percentage of exploration of the common duct rose from 15.5 per cent to 33.8 per cent the percentage of
Autonomic Nervous Function in Asymptomatic Diabetic Patients with Signs of Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Sundkvist Göran
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

Fifty-two long-term diabetic patients without symptoms of autonomic neuropathy and 31 age-matched healthy controls were tested for autonomic neuropathy by deep breathing, Valsalva maneuver, and an orthostatic test on tilt table. The deep breathing and the orthostatic tests showed significant parasympathetic impairments in patients with signs of peripheral neuropathy. The Valsalva maneuver, which also mainly reflects parasympathetic: function, was disturbed in patients with peripheral neuropathy, but only in those with a very long duration of diabetes. Parasympathetic neuropathy was closely correlated with peripheral neuropathy. However, five patients showed signs of parasympathetic neuropathy but not of peripheral neuropathy. Thus, parasympathetic neuropathy can appear before peripheral neuropathy. On the contrary, sympathetic denervation, as shown from the blood pressure reaction to tilting, only appeared in patients with peripheral neuropathy.
Remedies for Discontent
Authors: F. Lennon
Journal: BMJ (1964)

Endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRFs) have been previously shown to exert an inhibitory influence on the contractile effects of alpha-adrenoceptor agonists in vascular smooth muscle. alpha 2-Adrenoceptor agonists such as clonidine have been reported to be particularly susceptible to this effect, and it has been suggested that clonidine acts on alpha 2 receptors on endothelial cells to stimulate the release of EDRF. EDRF release is known to be accompanied by increased levels of cGMP in many blood vessels, and it is suggested that cGMP exerts an inhibitory influence on the smooth muscle cells, which tends to counteract the contractile effect of the clonidine. This hypothesis was tested in isolated rings of rat aorta and mesenteric artery using the cGMP lowering agent, 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione (LY83583). LY83583 markedly decreased resting levels of cGMP in these vascular preparations and completely prevented both the relaxation and the cGMP elevation normally caused by acetylcholine in rat aorta with intact endothelium. These effects of LY83583 are identical to those observed after mechanical disruption of the endothelium. LY83583 also enhanced the contractile responses to norepinephrine and particularly to clonidine in both aorta and mesenteric artery. The effects of LY83583 on contractile responses to both alpha-adrenoceptor agonists were reversed by low concentrations of 8-bromo-cGMP. Clonidine did not increase cGMP levels in vascular preparations with intact endothelia, in the presence or absence of LY83583. Thus, enhanced release of EDRF by clonidine did not appear to be responsible for the inhibition of its contractile effects observed in the presence of intact endothelial cells. Our results suggest instead that this endothelium-dependent inhibition is due to spontaneous release of EDRF, which results in tonic elevation of cGMP in the vascular smooth muscle. This tonic elevation of cGMP exerts a more marked inhibitory effect against contractions induced by the partial agonist, clonidine, than it does against contractions induced by a full agonist, norepinephrine.
Pesticides and Food Additives
Authors: D. F. Heath
Journal: BMJ (1963)

<h3>Background:</h3> Liver resection (LR) is the only curative therapy for hepatic malignancy. Despite this, the rates of LR across Canada are unknown. We sought to determine the rate and regional variation of LR in Canada, its provinces and census divisions for the period 1995–2004. <h3>Methods:</h3> We obtained discharge data for 1995–2004 from all provinces but Quebec from the Canadian Institute for Health Information, and we searched for LR by residential site. Then we calculated rates and variations in rates. <h3>Results:</h3> The national age- and sex-adjusted rate of LR per 100 000 people aged 18 years and older increased from 3.22 in 1995 to 5.86 in 2004. There was a high degree of variation across provinces and census divisions. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> Liver resection volumes are increasing in Canada. Significant regional variation exists for LR in Canada, likely reflecting a variety of important supply–demand issues.
LARGER LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE IS AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF STROKE IN AF PATIENTS WITH LOW CHADS2 SCORE (&amp;le;1)
Authors: Jaemin Shim, Jae-Sun Uhm, Hye Jin Hwang, Hui-Nam Pak, Moon-Hyoung Lee, Boyoung Joung
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
In a Lifetime
Authors: Irving J. Walker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

IT is natural for an audience to assume that one who has survived beyond the Biblical age of three score years and ten might touch upon a few changes in professional activities during a lifetime that by chance includes that period referred to as the "Golden Age of Medicine." In so doing I shall risk being relegated to the lowly status of "the Old Dr. Chips" in Dunphy's1 classification. There is no intent on my part to be either soothsayer or reformer. My generation of surgeons is indeed grateful to have served during a time when the doors hiding the . . .
A molecular chaperone glucose-regulated protein 94 blocks apoptosis induced by virus infection
Authors: Song Hee Lee, Ran Song, Mi Nam Lee, Chon Saeng Kim, Hanna Lee, Young-Yun Kong, Hoguen Kim, Sung Key Jang
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) E2 protein has been shown to block apoptosis and has been suggested to facilitate persistent infection of the virus. Here, we report that the anti-apoptotic activity of E2 is mediated by activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) that directs expression of survival gene products such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), X-chromosome–linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), FLICE-like inhibitory protein (FLIP), and survivin. Increased levels of these proteins were observed in HCV-infected cells and a cell line producing HCV E2 protein. The activation of NF-κB was mediated by HCV-E2–induced expression of the molecular chaperone glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94). Overexpression of GRP94 alone resulted in expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and blocked apoptosis induced by tumor-necrosis–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Interestingly, increased levels of GRP94 were observed in cells supporting HCV proliferation that originated from liver tissues from HCV patients. Moreover, small interfering RNA (siRNA) knock-down of GRP94 nullified the anti-apoptotic activity of HCV E2. Conclusion: These data indicate that HCV E2 blocks apoptosis induced by HCV infection and the host immune system through overproduction of GRP94, and that HCV E2 plays an important role in persistent HCV infection.
Frambœsia, or Yaws
Authors: Malcolm Morris
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1892)

Journal Article Frambœsia, or Yaws Get access Malcolm Morris Malcolm Morris Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 4, Issue 2, 1 February 1892, Pages 63–67, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1892.tb16790.x Published: 01 February 1892
Abortion becomes hot political issue in run up to Italian election
Authors: Fabio Turone
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Men and women took to the streets of Italy last week to protest about police behaviour towards a woman who had had a late abortion for fetal abnormality.

A police patrol of seven rushed into the Naples University Hospital, Federico II, after they received an anonymous phone call saying that an illegal abortion had taken place in the hospital’s gynaecology department.

Press reports say that the police interrogated the 39 year old woman as she got back to her room immediately after the procedure and seized the aborted fetus, even though the head of the department rapidly proved that the …
P200 Six Year Experience with Rigid Bronchoscopy: Complications, Indications and Changing Referral Patterns
Authors: JL Bacon, SK Leaver, BP Madden
Journal: Thorax (2012)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> The objective of this study was to determine the indications and outcomes of the last 500 referrals for rigid bronchoscopy at a tertiary referral centre and to review the referral frequency over the last 6 years. <h3>Methods</h3> We reviewed monthly referrals for rigid bronchoscopy since 2007 and analysed indications, physiological parameters and outcomes for the last 500 cases. <h3>Results</h3> Referrals and consequently the number of rigid bronchoscopies have risen from 10 to 30 per month over the last 6 years (see graph 1). Of the most recent 500 consecutive referrals only one case was considered unsuitable (requesting therapeutic intervention for a small subsegmental tumour with end stage interstitial lung disease and pulmonary hypertension). Indications were: laser of granulation tissue n=180; biopsy of proximal tumour n=166 (100% diagnostic); insertion of stent (bronchial and tracheal) n=86; dilation of stricture n=24; percutaneous tracheostomy insertion n=16; stent removal n=11; bioglue administration n=10 and foreign body removal n=7. Median preoperative PaO2 was 7.8 kPa (range 6.4–11.8kPa) and CO2 5.9 kPa (range 4.9–7.2kPa). There were no fatalities and 2 patients (0.4%) were transferred to intensive care post procedure. Three procedures were complicated by pneumothorax (2 required drain insertion) and 5 resulted in haemorrhage &gt;100mls (100, 200, 250, 400, 600mls). Haemostasis was achieved in all cases. No other complications were observed. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The annual referral rate for rigid bronchoscopy has been rising since 2007. These results demonstrate the varying diagnostic and therapeutic modalities available and highlight the favourable morbidity rates and 100% diagnostic rates for this safe procedure, despite many patients with respiratory failure. It is important that respiratory physicians are aware of the potential benefit that large airway intervention can offer.
THE NEUROSES OF THE HEART.
Authors: HERMAN H. HOPPE
Journal: JAMA (1902)

In presenting for your consideration the subject of functional heart affection, I have a two-fold object in view: First, to illustrate by appropriate cases the undoubtful forms of heart neurosis, and secondly, to call your attention to borderland conditions where we are frequently in a quandary as to whether the case would be classified as myocarditis or whether the cause lies in a functional disturbance of the nervous mechanism of the heart's action. The subject of myocarditis and its clinical phenomena have lately been the subject of much discussion and the chronic form at least is of much interest to us, especially in our office practice where it often is important to know, and difficult to determine whether a given irregularity of the heart is of organic or functional origin. In the same way, when diseases of the muscular walls or of the valves do not enter into consideration at
A survey of the participation in competitive sports despite musculoskeletal complaints
Authors: A D Lopes, H J Barreto, J O Neto, JG Neto
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background It is not unusual for athletes to decide to participate in important competitions, despite an ongoing disability or injury. Objective Evaluate the degree of confidence exhibited by injured athletes with regards to their participation in a major competition, and to profile the musculoskeletal injuries. Design A cross-sectional survey was conducted with the athletes of the Brazilian delegation participating in the IX South American Games, and 2nd Lusophony Games who sought care from the Brazilian team's medical department with various musculoskeletal complaints. Setting A group of elite athletes prior to the start of an official competition. Participants Of the 697 participants in the Brazilian delegation to the IX South American Games (Medellin, 2010) and 2nd Lusophony Games (Lisbon, 2009), 98 athletes (14.6%) sought care from the Brazilian team's medical department with various musculoskeletal complaints, even before commencing participation in the competition. Main outcome measurements Degree of confidence exhibited by injured athletes and the profile of the musculoskeletal injuries. Results Regarding the onset of injury, the 98 (14.6% of the 697 total participants) injured athletes who sought care from the medical staff, 57.1% of the athletes had been injured for longer than two months (n=56). Approximately half (n=44, 44.9%) reported that the injury was recurrent. The most frequently occurring injury was tendinopathy (n=33, 27.5%), and the most frequent location of injury was the knee (n=20, 18%). Conclusions We could observe that many athletes participating in a major competition even with existing musculoskeletal complaints were worried about their injuries affecting their well-being and performance. The majority of these athletes had been injured for longer than two months. Approximately half of them reported that the injury was recurrent. The most frequently occurring lesion was tendinopathy, and the most frequent location of injury was the knee.
DEGOS' ACANTHOMA (ACANTHOME A CELLULES CLAIRESY)*. A Report Of Five Cases With Particular Reference To the Histochemistry.
Authors: G. C. WELLS, E. WILSON-JONES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1967)

Journal Article DEGOS' ACANTHOMA (ACANTHOME À CELLULES CLAIRESY). A Report Of Five Cases With Particular Reference To the Histochemistry. Get access G. C. WELLS, M.B., F.R.C.P., G. C. WELLS, M.B., F.R.C.P. The Institute of Dermatology, St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle St., London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. WILSON‐JONES, M.B., M.R.C.P. E. WILSON‐JONES, M.B., M.R.C.P. The Institute of Dermatology, St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle St., London, W.C.2 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 79, Issue 5, 1 May 1967, Pages 249–250, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1967.tb11487.x Published: 01 May 1967
A Retrospective Analysis of Renal Abnormalities Detected on Bone Scans
Authors: KATHLEEN J. ADAMS, STANTON E. SHULER, LYNN R. WITHERSPOON, HAROLD R. NEELY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1980)

ADAMS, KATHLEEN J. M.D.; SHULER, STANTON E. M.D.; WITHERSPOON, LYNN R. M.D.; NEELY, HAROLD R. M.D. Author Information