tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Brain SPECT Thallium Using Cadmium Zinc Telluride
Authors: Karim Farid, Mathieu Queneau, Mohamed Guernou, David Lussato, Slavomir Petras, Bernard Songy
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

A 70-year-old man underwent a thallium-201 brain SPECT in the work-up and characterization of a frontotemporal mass. SPECT images were performed on cadmium zinc telluride system during only 5 minutes and after the injection of only 2 mCi. Images demonstrated high thallium uptake in frontotemporal areas considered as a potential malignant tumor. Surgical removal confirmed the diagnosis of malignant glioblastoma. The thallium SPECT fast acquisition imaging on cadmium zinc telluride systems is feasible with reduced injected dose. This method allows a significantly decrease of patient radiation exposure without compromising the image quality. This initial experience needs to be confirmed and optimized in larger clinical studies.
Hydroquinone concentrations in skin lightening creams
Authors: J. BOYLE, C.T.C. KENNEDY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Forty-one over-the-counter skin lightening creams were analysed for hydroquinone content, and the accuracy of tables of contents supplied with these products was assessed. Eight of the 41 were found to contain more than 2% hydroquinone, the maximum concentration permitted by the U.K. Cosmetic Products Regulations. Eighteen of these preparations failed to comply with labelling requirements. A list is given of those products containing less than 2% hydroquinone which are adequately labelled.
Movement Behaviour of Patients with Eating Disorders and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Controlled Study
Authors: Hedda Lausberg, Jörg von Wietersheim, Hubert Feiereis
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1996)

Background: This study assessed the movement behaviour of patients with eating disorders and inflammatory bowel disease. Methods: Ninety female patients with anorexia nervosa (n = 30), bulimia nervosa (n = 30), inflammatory bowel disease (n = 30) and a healthy control group (n = 30) were videotaped during a 10-min standardised movement sequence. A movement analysis instrument was developed for the evaluation. Results: The patient groups had a significantly smaller area of movement, less weight shift, more isolated use of their body parts, less integration of the lower body, more peripheral initiation of movement, less strength. No significant differences could be found among the patient groups with eating disorders and inflammatory bowel disease. Conclusions: The findings are discussed in relation to body scheme disturbances and inhibition of nonverbal expression.
A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Blockade in Severe Persistent Asthma
Authors: Sally E. Wenzel, Peter J. Barnes, Eugene R. Bleecker, Jean Bousquet, William Busse, Sven-Erik Dahlén, Stephen T. Holgate, Deborah A. Meyers, Klaus F. Rabe, Adam Antczak, James Baker, Ildiko Horvath, Zsuzsanna Mark, David Bernstein, Edward Kerwin, Rozsa Schlenker-Herceg, Kim Hung Lo, Rosemary Watt, Elliot S. Barnathan, Pascal Chanez
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

Rationale: The treatment effect of golimumab, a human monoclonal antibody against tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, in severe persistent asthma is unknown.Objectives: To assess the safety and efficacy of golimumab in a large population of patients with uncontrolled, severe persistent asthma.Methods: From 2004 to 2006, 309 patients with severe and uncontrolled asthma, despite high-dose inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β2 agonists, were randomized 1:1:1:1 to monthly subcutaneous injections of placebo or golimumab (50, 100, or 200 mg) through Week 52. Coprimary endpoints were the change from baseline through Week 24 in prebronchodilator percent-predicted FEV1 and the number of severe asthma exacerbations through Week 24.Measurements and Main Results: No significant differences were observed for the change in percent-predicted FEV1 (least squares mean: placebo, 2.44 [95% confidence interval (CI) −0.574 to 5.461]; combined 100-mg and 200-mg, 2.91 [0.696–5.116]) or severe exacerbations (mean ± SD: placebo, 0.5 ± 1.07 vs. combined 100-mg and 200-mg 0.5 ± 0.97) through week 24. Through Week 24, 2.6% of patients treated with placebo vs. 19.5% of those treated with golimumab discontinued the study agent, and 1.3% and 7.8% discontinued study participation, respectively. An unfavorable risk–benefit profile led to early discontinuation of study-agent administration after the Week-24 database lock. Through Week 76, 20.5% of patients treated with placebo and 30.3% of patients treated with golimumab experienced serious adverse events, with serious infections occurring more frequently in golimumab-treated patients. One death and all eight malignancies occurred in the active groups.Conclusions: Overall, treatment with golimumab did not demonstrate a favorable risk–benefit profile in this study population of patients with severe persistent asthma.Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00207740).
Inflammation is not associated with coronary microvascular dysfunction in women with chest pain
Authors: Oscar C. Marroquin, Kevin E. Kip, Paul M. Ridker, Carl J. Pepine, Tjendimin Tjandrawan, Sheryl F. Kelsey, Sunil Mankad, William J. Rogers, C.Noel Bairey Merz, George Sopko, Barry L. Sharaf, Steven E. Reis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Serum soluble interleukin 6 (IL-6) receptor and IL-6/soluble IL-6 receptor complex in systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: F De Benedetti, M Massa, P Pignatti, S Albani, D Novick, A Martini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

By using a sandwich ELISA, soluble human IL-6 receptor (sIL-6 R) levels were measured in the sera of 20 healthy children and of 25 patients with systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). In patients with systemic JRA, serum sIL-6 R levels (114.6 +/- 37.7 ng/ml) were significantly lower (P < 0.01) than those of healthy children (161.2 +/- 45.5 ng/ml). Serum sIL-6 R levels were negatively correlated (r = -0.610, P < 0.001) with serum IL-6 levels measured with the B9 cells. The serum IL-6/sIL-6 R complex was detected using an ELISA based on a monoclonal antibody to IL-6 for capture and on a monoclonal antibody to human sIL-6 R for detection. Healthy controls had little, if any, detectable serum IL-6/sIL-6 R complex (OD 0.024 +/- 0.027), while the majority of patients with systemic JRA presented measurable serum IL-6/sIL-6 R complex (OD 0.492 +/- 0.546). IL-6 levels estimated in the circulating IL-6/sIL-6 R complexes were in the range of nanograms per milliliter and approximately 20-fold higher than those measured by the B9 cells. Since serum C-reactive protein concentrations were much more correlated with serum levels of IL-6/sIL-6 R complexes (r = 0.713, r2 = 0.51, P < 0.0001) than with the serum IL-6 levels measured with the B9 cells (r = 0.435, r2 = 0.19, P = 0.05), the large quantities of serum IL-6 present in IL-6/sIL-6 R complexes appear to be biologically relevant in vivo, at least as far as the induction by IL-6 of acute phase protein production.
Steady-State Insulin Responses in Normal and Diabetic Subjects.
Authors: Gerald M. Reaven
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968Steady-State Insulin Responses in Normal and Diabetic Subjects.Gerald M. Reaven, M.D., John W. Farquhar, M.D.Gerald M. Reaven, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, John W. Farquhar, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1189_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptConsiderable data obtained during non-steady-state conditions seemed to indicate that insulin deficiency was not the sole cause of maturity-onset diabetes and led to the suggestion that "insulin resistance" might play an important role in the hyperglycemia of some patients with maturity-onset diabetes. This concept has recently been challenged, and several groups have stated that insulin deficiency, either absolute or relative, is sufficient to account for hyperglycemia in all patients with maturity-onset diabetes. We tried to help resolve this question by an approach that may eliminate some variables common to all prior studies. First, all subjects (seven normal, seven with mild... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Palo Alto, California PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1189-1190KeywordsHyperglycemiaInsulinInsulin resistanceType 2 diabetes Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF DownloadLoading ...
PEPSIN DIGESTION OF RABBIT AND SHEEP ANTIBODIES
Authors: Peter H. Schur, Elmer L. Becker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

7S sheep antibody is similar to 7S rabbit antibody, insofar as it too can be digested with pepsin to yield a 5S fragment still capable of precipitating homologous antigen. The 5S fragment from rabbit as well as sheep antibody is capable of fixing guinea pig complement. However, this fixation differs from the fixation by 7S antibody, since preformed antibody-antigen aggregates containing either sheep or rabbit 5S antibody fix only a maximum of 20 to 40 per cent of the total complement. The portion of complement which is fixable by the 5S preformed aggregates seems to be different from the remainder of the complement. Prior treatment of guinea pig serum with 5S washed preformed aggregates removes that portion of complement fixable by 5S antibody, and will leave the complement remaining unable to be fixed by further addition of 5S immune aggregates. Such absorbed complement, however, is as capable as is unabsorbed complement of being fixed by 7S antibody. The 5S sheep and rabbit antibody fixes the portion of complement which it is capable of fixing, as well as or better than the corresponding 7S antibody fixes the total complement. 5S preformed aggregates are broken down by treatment with cysteine, and their complement-fixing ability is lost.
UNIVERSITY IDEALS AND THE FUTURE OF MEDICINE
Authors: WALTER FLETCHER
Journal: JAMA (1930)

It is a great privilege for all your guests to be allowed to join with you today in this celebration, and to congratulate you upon the achievement of such notable enterprises within your university and medical school.  Today you praise famous men and the fathers that begat you. Today you give thanks for the generosity of all those later benefactors who have enabled you to approach more closely to your ideals. Today you look back with thankfulness on the road you have traversed so far, and you look forward into the puzzling uncertainties of the future, but with high hopes and well grounded confidence.  You have most generously invited two Englishmen to be honored as your guests here today. I doubt whether you can possibly guess in full the thoughts and emotions that must crowd our minds and hearts as we remember your history and as we now join with
An Observation of Antitoxin Titers after Booster Doses of Tetanus Toxoid
Authors: H. J. Banton, Pauline A. Miller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

THE efficacy of tetanus toxoid as an agent for the prevention of clinical tetanus has been well established.1 , 2 The procedure now most widely employed is to give a basic immunizing course followed by a booster dose at least six months later. Another booster dose is then given in any emergency after an injury that might lead to tetanus infection.The protection afforded is unquestionably based in large part upon the residual titer of antitoxin persisting after primary immunization and greatly augmented by routine booster doses. Much stress has also been laid on the capacity of an emergency dose, given after . . .
LITIGATION DISEASE A FORM OF NEUROSIS.Read in the Section on Medical Jurisprudence and Neurology, at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: HERBERT JUDD
Journal: JAMA (1891)

During the fall of 1881, E. S., aged 60 years, in form tall and slim, temperate habits, previous health always good, a noble specimen of average humanity, occupation farmer and dealer in stock, an expert in this line of business, was on his way to Chicago from W., Iowa. While at a feeding station he was standing in the rear door of the way car looking out, the train was backed "to way car with such force as to loosen the upper bunk next the door at his right side; as the bunk fell into its place it struck S. on the right shoulder and arm, and also caught the right hand, crushing one of the fingers; the finger was at this time dressed with a rag at hand by the other stockmen. S. completed his trip to Chicago, nearly two hundred miles, made a satisfactory disposal of his cattle
Infection Control in Total Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Donald A. Goldmann
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Infection is a significant hazard, and disseminated fungal infection has been a particularly frequent and dread complication of total parenteral nutrition. Rates of septicemia as high as 27% have been reported. A survey by the Center for Disease Control and a review of the literature indicate that the risk of infection can be substantially reduced if stringent infection control measures are practiced. Accordingly, the Center's Hospital Infections Section has developed infection control guidelines for total parenteral nutrition programs.
Solitary Obstructing Plasmacytoma of the Colon
Authors: Edward J. Wing
Journal: JAMA (1975)

ALTHOUGH extraskeletal tumor masses are not infrequently found in disseminated multiple myeloma, solitary plasmacytomas localized to a visceral organ are unusual. Most frequently, they are localized to the upper respiratory tract.<sup>1</sup>Plasmacytomas of the colon are exceedingly rare; only seven cases have been reported previously,<sup>2</sup>and in most there has not been sufficient documentation to exclude disseminated myeloma. This case represents the first instance, to our knowledge, in which a truly solitary plasmacytoma caused intestinal obstruction. It also serves to emphasize the need to carefully evaluate such cases to exclude generalized involvement. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 76-year-old, Italian-born, retired railroad worker was admitted to the Montefiore Hospital, University of Pittsburgh, for abdominal pain. The patient had been in excellent health until two weeks prior to admission, when he had suddenly experienced lower abdominal pain. This had subsided within 24 hours but recurred at two-to three-day intervals. On
Epidemic of gastroenteritis caused by oysters contaminated with small round structured viruses.
Authors: O N Gill, W D Cubitt, D A McSwiggan, B M Watney, C L Bartlett
Journal: BMJ (1983)

A large outbreak of viral gastroenteritis occurred in which oysters eaten raw were the vehicle of infection. Laboratory findings indicated that a small round structured virus was the infecting agent. Adults of all ages were equally susceptible to infection with the virus. Investigation cast doubt on the efficacy of depuration as a method for rendering oysters free of virus, and hence the public should be warned of the hazard of eating raw shellfish.
Irritable Bowel, Mitral Valve Prolapse, and Associated Conditions
Authors: W. G. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Dr Sataline<sup>1</sup>suggests that the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and the mitral valve prolapse syndrome are associated. We and others have shown that the IBS and its variants are very common in the population.<sup>2,3</sup>The spastic colon type alone appears to affect 10% to 20% of adults. It is not surprising, therefore, that the IBS might be found coincidentally with many other conditions. Indeed, IBS symptoms are common in patients with peptic ulcer, inflammatory bowel disease, and uncomplicated diverticular disease.<sup>4-6</sup>Other functional gastrointestinal tract disorders are very common in the population as well. Globus occurs in almost 45% of young adults.<sup>7</sup> Thus, the finding of such symptoms in company with anatomically remote abnormalities must be interpreted cautiously. Discovery of manometric abnormalities and simultaneous chest pain in two patients with mitral valve prolapse syndrome seems very likely to be coincidental. It should not be
Comparative analysis of pathogenicity of Cryptococcus neoformans serotypes A, D and AD in murine cryptococcosis
Authors: F. Barchiesi, M. Cogliati, M.C. Esposto, E. Spreghini, A.M. Schimizzi, B.L. Wickes, G. Scalise, M.A. Viviani
Journal: Journal of Infection (2004)
Learning curves for endobronchial ultrasound using cusum analysis
Authors: S. V. Kemp, S. H. El Batrawy, R. N. Harrison, K. Skwarski, M. Munavvar, A. Roselli, K. Cusworth, P. L. Shah
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> The assessment of medical trainees is becoming an increasingly prominent issue, with current methods having varying degrees of inherent subjectivity and bias. Cusum analysis is a technique used in quality control systems, and is starting to be employed in medical training. Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is an established tool in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer, although its use in the UK is currently restricted. As it becomes more widespread, there will be a need to assess trainees9 competence accurately to ensure that those performing EBUS at new centres are appropriately skilled. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective review of clinical practice in tertiary referral centres in England, Scotland and Spain was carried out. The study group comprised 500 patients undergoing EBUS for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer as part of a clinical service. Using cusum analysis, the first 100 cases from each of the five centres are presented. Each centre has one consultant physician as the primary EBUS operator, and all operators began using EBUS at their current centre (ie, no learning from prior experience). The data are presented as learning curves. <h3>Results</h3> It is evident that there is a wide range of time over which EBUS-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) competence is attained. The pooled sensitivity was 67.4% (individual sensitivities 66.7, 70.7, 61.2, 80.3 and 59.7%). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Cusum analysis is well suited to the assessment of procedures with a binary outcome, but accurate and appropriate standards of practice must be determined prior to assessment to ensure correct identification of underperformance. This report suggests that the learning curve for EBUS is greater than previously reported using different methods, and that even experienced bronchoscopists vary in their speed of learning.
Antibodies Against the Fibrin β-Chain Amino-Terminus Detect Active Canine Venous Thrombi
Authors: Timothy A. Morris, James J. Marsh, Ronald Konopka, Craig A. Pedersen, Peter G. Chiles, Roberto Fagnani, Michael Hagan, Kenneth M. Moser
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background This study was performed to determine whether antibodies against the amino-terminus of the β-chain of fibrin (anti-β) could noninvasively distinguish actively enlarging thrombi from thrombi stabilized with anticoagulants. Methods and Results Dogs with unilateral femoral vein thrombi were allocated into three groups: (1) no anticoagulation, (2) intravenous heparin maintained in the “therapeutic” range (0.2 to 0.5 U/mL plasma), and (3) “excess” heparin, maintained at &gt;1.0 U/mL plasma. Thrombolysis was suppressed with tranexamic acid. 111 In-labeled anti-β was infused, and gamma scans of the legs were performed at regular intervals for 24 hours. Scans were interpreted in a blinded fashion. In addition, for each scan, the number of gamma counts from the femoral area on the thrombosed side was compared with the contralateral side. Clot/blood isotope density was determined postmortem. Leg thrombi in the no-anticoagulation group were 100% detectable, mean (±SD) relative count in the thrombosed femoral area was 186% (±30%) of the contralateral side, and clot/blood ratio was 14.7 (±2.0). Thrombi in the therapeutic heparin group were only 75% detectable, relative counts in the thrombosed femoral areas decreased to 125% (±20%), and clot/blood ratio declined to 11.3 (±3.5). In the “excess heparin” group, leg thrombi were only 50% detectable, the thrombosed femoral area had relative counts of 118%±17%, and the clot/blood ratio fell to 7.8±1.9. Conclusions Radiolabeled anti-β noninvasively distinguishes propagating thrombi from those stabilized by anticoagulants. They may be useful for detecting thrombosis clinically as well as for monitoring the efficacy of anticoagulation.
Plasma Trytophan and Sleep
Authors: C. N. Chen, R. S. Kalucy, M. K. Hartmann, J. H. Lacey, A. H. Crisp, J. E. Bailey, E. G. Eccleston, A. Coppen
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Free, bound, and total plasma tryptophan (F.P.T., B.P.T., and T.P.T.) levels have been measured throughout the night in six young female volunteers. All-night polygraphic sleep recordings were also made. No direct temporal relationship was found between plasma tryptophan levels and specific sleep stages. The mean F.P.T. levels, however, were found to have a positive correlation with rapid-eye-movement (R.E.M.) sleep and a negative correlation with non-R.E.M. sleep. An inverse relationship existed between the F.P.T. and B.P.T. levels. There appeared to be a diurnal variation in F.P.T. levels, with high readings in the first half of the night.
A Mother and Child Reunion
Authors: Alexander R. Opotowsky
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Few subjects can be conceived calculated to attract… more serious thought and attention on the part of obstetricians, than the bearing of organic disease of the heart on the condition of the pregnant, parturient, and lying-in woman….andyet scarcely a subject that borders on the mutual region occupied by the obstetric and the pure physician seems to have received less study from either the one or the other.The reason, no doubt, is partly due to the cramping effects of a too rigid specialism....But as every woman has not only a uterus and ovaries, but also a liver, heart, lungs, kidneys, etc.... 1 Angus Macdonald, 18782][3][4] Additional insights have been provided by subsequent observational studies, population-based research, and reports of pregnancy in new and evolving populations of women with CHD.6][7] They have not, however, fundamentally informed our understanding of why a subset of these women and their offspring suffer specific adverse outcomes.There is an increasingly well-described problem with no clear path toward a solution.
Screening for HTLV-III Antibodies: The Relation Between Prevalence and Positive Predictive Value and Its Social Consequences
Authors: JOEL L. Nitzkin
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Weiss et al<sup>1</sup>relative to the screening for human T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) retrovirus type III (HTLV-III) antibodies in the Jan 11 issue strongly supports the recommendation that all blood donors be screened for evidence of HTLV-III antibody using the currently available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing procedure. Unfortunately, neither this article nor the accompanying editorial<sup>2</sup>addresses the personal health or community health problems likely to be caused by universal implementation of this screening procedure for all blood donations. If we assume a sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA procedure in the range of 97% to 99%, this means that 1% to 3% of those likely to be harboring the HTLV-III virus are likely to be missed by the test, and 1% to 3% of those who are truly negative would generate a positive test result. Monroe County, New York, consists of the
DIAGNOSTIC PERFORMANCE OF CORONARY STRESS FLOW AND CORONARY FLOW RESERVE MEASURED BY POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY FOR DETECTION OF OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Erick Alexanderson, Piotr Slomka, Andrea Monroy, Enrique Berrios, Aloha Meave, Christian Gonzalez, Guido Germano, Daniel Berman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)