tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quantitative I-123-IMP Brain SPECT and Neuropsychoiogical Testing in AIDS Dementia
Authors: CHRISTOPHER C. KUNI, FRANK S. RHAME, MANFRED J. MEIER, MARK C. FOEHSE, RUTH B. LOEWENSON, ROBERT J. BOUDREAU, RENE P. duCRET, BENJAMIN C. P. LEE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

We performed 1–123-IMP SPECT brain imaging on seven mildly demented AIDS patients and seven normal subjects. In an attempt to detect and quantitate regions of decreased 1–123-IMP uptake, pixel intensity histograms of normalized SPECT images at the basal ganglia level were analyzed for the fraction of pixels in the lowest quartile of the intensity range. This fraction (F) averaged 17.5% (S.D. =4.6) in the AIDS group and 12.6% (S.D. = 5.1) in the normal group (p < .05). Six of the AIDS patients underwent neuropsychoiogical testing (NPT). NPT showed the patients to have a variety of mild abnormalities. Regression analysis of NPT scores versus F yielded a correlation coefficient of .80 (p < .05). We conclude that analysis of 1–123-IMP SPECT image pixel intensity distribution is potentially sensitive in detecting abnormalities associated with AIDS dementia and may correlate with the severity of dementia as measured by NPT.
Breast Cancer in Men
Authors: Robert H. Jackson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Letters19 August 2003Breast Cancer in MenRobert H. Jackson, MDRobert H. Jackson, MDLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveport; Shreveport, LA 71130-3932 (Jackson)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-4-200308190-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:As a male survivor of breast cancer, I read the article by Giordano and colleagues (1) with great interest. I would appreciate their comments on three issues. First, in institutions experienced in sentinel node biopsy (meaning they have demonstrated excellent correlation between sentinel node biopsy and axillary node dissection), should patients routinely be offered sentinel node biopsy as an alternative to dissection? Second, should patients with tumors less than 1 cm in diameter and negative nodes undergo positron emission tomography, bone marrow aspiration, or both to look for micrometastases before forgoing adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy? Third, does 5 ...Reference1. Giordano SH, Buzdar AU, Hortobagyi GN. Breast cancer in men. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:678-87. [PMID: 12379069] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Robert H. Jackson, MDAffiliations: Louisiana State University Health Sciences CenterShreveport; Shreveport, LA 71130-3932 (Jackson) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoBreast Cancer in Men Sharon H. Giordano , Aman U. Buzdar , and Gabriel N. Hortobagyi Breast Cancer in Men Sharon H. Giordano , Aman U. Buzdar , and Gabriel N. Hortobagyi Metrics Cited byBreast Cancer in Males (BCM), Does It Really Differ? National Cancer Institute Experience (NCI), Cairo University, EgyptEpidemiology and management of breast carcinoma in Egyptian males: Experience of a single Cancer Institute 19 August 2003Volume 139, Issue 4 Page: 305 Keywords Biopsy Bone marrow Breast cancer Cytotoxic chemotherapy Positron emission tomography Prostate cancer ePublished: 19 August 2003 Issue Published: 19 August 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Cost of clinical negligence cases is to be met by "no win, no fee" regime in place of legal aid
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Sweeping reforms to the funding of litigation in England and Wales, which should save the NHS millions of pounds a year, have been unveiled by the United Kingdom government.

In a pair of green papers the Ministry of Justice proposes withdrawing legal aid for a wide range of legal actions, including clinical negligence claims, and radically reforming liability for legal costs in civil actions.

The move to cut £350m (€410m; $560m) from the £2bn legal aid bill is largely supported by the opposition Labour party. The proposals would implement key reforms recommended last January by the appeal court judge …
A Rationale for Continued Federal Support of Medical Education
Authors: David R. Perry, David R. Challoner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Changing circumstances and shifting public attitudes are forcing policy makers and educators to reconsider the rationale for a continuing federal role in support of medical education. Federal institutional support programs are criticized as being inappropriate to current and future needs, socially inequitable and subject to abuse by a coercive governmental apparatus. A rationale for federal support can be advanced, but such support must be designed to avoid unwarranted subsidies and to encourage maximum reliance upon private-sector resources, and should be confined to functions for which the federal government in uniquely suited. The appropriate federal role is conceived as being the ultimate guarantor of financial access to the medical-education system by otherwise qualified students, perfecting the market for human-capital investment.
Inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis or cathepsin B prevent muscle wasting due to sepsis in the rat.
Authors: R L Ruff, D Secrist
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Systemic infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae produced atrophy, decreased twitch and tetanic tension, and altered intracellular electrolyte composition in rat skeletal muscle. Cathepsin B activity was selectively elevated early in the course of illness. Luepeptin, a cathepsin B inhibitor, and indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, prevented muscle atrophy and impaired contractility. Indomethacin, but not leupeptin, prevented the intracellular electrolyte changes. Acetaminophen reduced fever but did not prevent muscle atrophy, impaired contractility, or altered intracellular electrolytes. Muscle wasting and impaired contractility associated with sepsis may involve selective prostaglandin stimulation of cathepsin B activity. Intracellular electrolyte changes may involve prostaglandin synthesis but do not require cathepsin B activation.
Alastair's calling
Authors: T. Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (1996)

My sights were set on a medical career at a tender age. I remember sitting cross-legged on the floor in the school gym hearing a stout, grey-haired woman explain that the allure of medicine faded somewhat when one was called at 2 am to perform a caesarean section on a youngster who had no business being pregnant in the first place. I was enthralled, both by the thought of taking a scalpel to human flesh in the dark hours of the night, and by the implication that I would be entitled (nay, obliged) to dictate whether my patients should attain a particular physiological …
Pharmacological Effects of ASM8, an Antisense Oligonucleotide to CCR3 and the Common Beta Chain Receptor in Mild Asthmatics
Authors: G.M. Gauvreau, L.P. Boulet, D.W. Cockcroft, M. Duong, H. D' Anjou, P.M. Renzi, P.M. O' Byrne
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Relation between the Affinity for Congo Red and the Glycoprotein Content of Serum in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Related Diseases
Authors: B. Larsen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1958)

Disappearance of congo red from the serum has long been considered by many investigators to be the best and most constant indicator of amyloidosis.The congo red test, as shown by Bennhold (1923), measures the proportion of this dye which is retained in the plasma one hour after its intravenous injec- tion.The validity of this test has been the subject of intense discussion.Disappearance of 40-100 per cent. of the dye from the serum within one hour is generally regarded as a positive test, but according to Stemmerman and Auerbach (1944) and Taran and Eckstein (1942) the test should not be considered positive unless 90-100 per cent.disappears.In an experiment of Dixon, Ramcharan, and Ropes (I1955), the congo red test tended towards positivity in 114 out of 227 patients with rheumatoid arthritis.In many cases of primary amyloidosis no affinity for congo red is found (Johansson and Pfeiffer, 1954), and Aegerter and Long (1949) demonstrated a positive congo red test in four out of five cases with systemic lupus erythematosus.These observations lead to the suggestion that the disappearance of congo red from the serum is due not only to the presence of amyloid in the tissues, but also to other factors.One such possible factor that can be studied is the binding of congo red to the serum.Since congo red does not penetrate semipermeable membranes, equilibrium analysis could not be used in the present study.The method herein devised is based on a partition analysis system.Cellulose powder, which has a great affinity for congo red, was loaded with congo red.Upon shaking this congo red loaded cellulose
Does albumin regulate albumin?
Authors: Caryn M. Berkowitz
Journal: Hepatology (1992)

A novel feedback regulatory mechanism operating on transcription of the albumin gene is described in the rat. In 1946, it was proposed that circulating colloids, including serum albumin, may affect the synthesis and/or secretion of albumin in the liver. The molecular basis for this proposed regulation has now been inves tigated by adding oncotically active macromolecules to the circulation of normal or genetically albumin–deficient Nagase analbuminemic rats (NAR) and analyzing the hepatic expression of genes, including albumin after 24 h. The transcription rate of the albumin gene was higher in NAR than in normal rats and was dramatically reduced by raising serum albumin to 1.6 g/dl. Intravenous infusion of albumin into normal rats also decreased transcriptional activity of the albumin gene by 50-60%, and this decrease correlated with changes in serum colloid osmotic pressure after albumin infusion. Inhibition of albumin gene transcription was also observed upon intravenous infusion of other protein or nonprotein macromolecules, such as γ–globulin and dextran. This down–regulation appears to control the steady–state level of albumin mRNA in the liver. Aside from a concomitant decrease in apo E gene transcription after albumin or macromolecule infusion, there was no change in the transcription rate of other genes, including those exhibiting liver–preferred or –specific expression (e.g., tyrosine aminotransferase, cytochrome P–450, α 1 –antitrypsin, apolipoproteins A–I and B, and transferrin) or general cellular expression (e.g., α–tubulin, pro α 2 collagen, and β–actin). Feedback regulation of albumin gene expression by serum colloids may serve as a specific homeostatic mechanism to maintain the steady–state level of total protein in the circulation.
474 C-REACTIVE PROTEIN ATTENUATES EXPERIMENTAL HEPATIC FIBROSIS THROUGH INHIBITION OF HEPATIC STELLATE CELL TRANSACTIVATION
Authors: K. Ikejima, K. Arai, K. Kon, T. Aoyama, K. Okumura, R. Yaginuma, S. Yamashina, S. Watanabe
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
A CASE OF PYREXIA OF OBSCURE ORIGIN
Authors: C. J. P. Grosvenor, A. H. Douthwaite
Journal: BMJ (1932)

DCAL OURA 139 was inegative; a throat swab put up on a blood-agar plate showed a rich growth of S. viridans ; S. haeknolyticus was absent.June 30th.(Fourth day in hospital, and alleged fourth day of disease).-Thegeneral condition of the patient was vastly improved ; irritability and headache gone, neck much looser.Kernig's sign was still positive, though not nearly so marked.The morning temperature was 101°F.and pulse 110; in the evening, temperature wvas 980 F. and pulse 76.No lumbar puncture was performed.July 1st.-Patientvery much better.Temperature normal, pulse about 100.No headache, no neck rigidity; ?slightly positive Kernig's sign.As one still felt that the case might be tuberculous meningitis, and as the bacillus had not been founad in the cerebro-spinal fluid, lumbar puncture was again performed: 50 c.cm. of slightly opalescent fluid was obtained;the pressure, although still above normal, wvas less thaii on the previous occasions sugar content normal, slight increase in protein ; numerous lymphocytes in the fluid (about 100 per c.mm.), polymorphs 3 per cent.In -spite of prolonged centrifuging of the fluid afid very careful examination no tubercle bacilli were found, the fluid being quite sterile.July 2nd-3rd.-Theboy appeared very fit anid well.The temperature and pulse were normal.Lumbar puncture Xwas -arried out oIn both days: about 50 cells per c.mm.-lymphocytes 90 per cent., polymorphs 10 per cent.No organisms found.July 4th-.Patient maintained his excellent progress.He was sleepinig well at night, and takiing his food well during the day.Reflexes everywhere were active.Kernig's sign quite negative.July 6th-.Lumbar puncture wxas carried out again: cerebro- spinal fluid was quite clear, and under normal pressure; no increase of cells protein and sugar within normal limits.The fluid was perfectly sterile.July 20th-.A lumbar puncture gave perfectly normal cerebro-spinial fluid.July 21st.-Thepatient, having made excellent progress, was discharged from hospital extremely fit and well.The patient reported again at my request on September 20th.The parents stated that the boy had been in excellent health since discharge from hospital.OII clinical exa.mination he appeared fit and well.The Mantoux test was repeated, but was again negative.
Phenylpropanolamine and Blood Pressure-Reply
Authors: Paul Pentel
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The observation that recommended doses of phenylpropanolamine are usually safe is correct, and neither this letter nor my review disputes that. The salient point regarding phenylpropanolamine toxicity is that the drug has a very low therapeutic index and that doses only slightly in excess of those used therapeutically can cause severe hypertension. Recent reports of fatal intracerebral hemorrhage, hypertensive encephalopathy, ventricular arrhythmias, and myocardial injury due to phenylpropanolamine illustrate the potential toxicity of this drug. Dr Lasagna is correct in pointing out that the Australian study<sup>1</sup>involved the use of 85 mg of phenylpropanolamine, but this dose is only 2.3 (not 3.5) times the maximum dose of 37.5 mg allowed in immediate-release anorectic preparations in the United States. Cuthbert et al<sup>2</sup>reported a comparable elevation of blood pressure in normal subjects after ingestion of 100 mg of phenylpropanolamine, with mean increases of 26 mm Hg systolic
RESULTS OF PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC MITRAL REGURGITATION
Authors: Rayan Yousefzai, Navkaranbir Bajaj, Shikhar Agarwal, Olcay Aksoy, Bhuvnesh Aggarwal, Abdel Anabtawi, James Thomas, Brian Griffin, E. Murat Tuzcu, Samir Kapadia
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
The mTOR inhibitor, everolimus (RAD001), overcomes resistance to imatinib in quiescent Ph-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells
Authors: Y Kuwatsuka, M Minami, Y Minami, K Sugimoto, F Hayakawa, Y Miyata, A Abe, D J Goff, H Kiyoi, T Naoe
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2011)

In Ph-positive (Ph(+)) leukemia, the quiescent cell state is one of the reasons for resistance to the BCR-ABL-kinase inhibitor, imatinib. In order to examine the mechanisms of resistance due to quiescence and the effect of the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, everolimus, for such a resistant population, we used Ph(+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia patient cells serially xenotransplanted into NOD/SCID/IL2rγ(null) (NOG) mice. Spleen cells from leukemic mice showed a higher percentage of slow-cycling G(0) cells in the CD34(+)CD38(-) population compared with the CD34(+)CD38(+) and CD34(-) populations. After ex vivo imatinib treatment, more residual cells were observed in the CD34(+)CD38(-) population than in the other populations. Although slow-cycling G(0) cells were insensitive to imatinib in spite of BCR-ABL and CrkL dephosphorylation, combination treatment with everolimus induced substantial cell death, including that of the CD34(+)CD38(-) population, with p70-S6 K dephosphorylation and decrease of MCL-1 expression. The leukemic non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mouse system with the in vivo combination treatment with imatinib and everolimus showed a decrease of tumor burden including CD34(+) cells. These results imply that treatment with everolimus can overcome resistance to imatinib in Ph(+) leukemia due to quiescence.
THE INFLAMMATORY REACTION IN PITYRIASIS LICHENOIDES
Authors: M. M. BLACK, R. MARKS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1972)

Summary.— The inflammatory component of pityriasis liehenoides has been studied with special reference to (1) the role of small blood vessels in the pathogenesis of the disorder; (2) the nature of the inflammatory infiltrate. In the course of the investigtion 134 biopsy specimens were examined. Enzyme histochemistry, autoradiography and direct immunofluorescent staining were performed on several lesions, and preliminary electron‐microscopic studies were made on 2 papules. No immunoglobulins or complement could be detected around small vessels by means of direct immunofluorescent techniques. The enzyme histochemical and autoradiographic results indicated that the endothelium of small blood vessels remains viable and is not focally destroyed. Enzyme histochemical and preliminary electron‐microscopic data suggested that the inflammatory infiltrate is primarily histocytic in nature. It is concluded that there is no evidence that disease of the small blood vessels plays a significant role in initiating or perpetuating the disease process. It is further suggested that the primary event in the histogenesis of the lesion of PL may be the sudden massive release of vasoactive substances locally.
Therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography without ultrasound or fluoroscopy in pregnancy
Authors: L. Kamani, S. Mahmood, N. Faisal
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of gallstone formation, with a reported incidence between 4 % and 12 % [1]. Choledocholithiasis may lead to cholangitis and/or gallstone pancreatitis, either of which can be life-threatening to both mother and fetus [2], with mortality rates of up to 15 % and 60 %, respectively [3].
Regional Sympathetic Nervous Activity and Oxygen Consumption in Obese Normotensive Human Subjects
Authors: Mario Vaz, Garry Jennings, Andrea Turner, Helen Cox, Gavin Lambert, Murray Esler
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Disturbed sympathetic nervous function may be of importance in obesity; sympathetic underactivity could contribute to deficient thermogenesis, positive energy balance, and weight gain, while in contrast, sympathetic nervous overactivity would predispose to the development of obesity-related hypertension. Global indices of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) function such as plasma or urinary norepinephrine (NE) have been unable to define SNS status in obesity. Since regional SNS activity can be altered in the absence of global changes, we investigated SNS activity in the heart, kidneys, and hepatomesenteric bed in healthy human subjects across a wide body mass index (BMI) range of between 19.6 and 35.5.Whole-body and regional plasma NE kinetics using [3H]-labeled NE were assessed. Regional oxygen consumption was measured by combining arteriovenous differences in oxygen content and regional blood flow. Arterial plasma NE and whole-body plasma NE spillover were unrelated to BMI. With a BMI cutoff of 27, mean cardiac NE spillover was 46% lower in the obese subjects when compared with the lean subjects (P=.017). Renal NE spillover was significantly correlated with BMI (r=.668, P=.001), the mean value in the obese subjects being more than twice that in the lean subjects. Hepatomesenteric NE spillover was comparable in lean and obese subjects. Renal and hepatomesenteric oxygen consumption were both significantly higher in the obese subjects compared with lean subjects.Regional SNS activity is heterogeneous in the obese state. Important regional alterations, which may be clinically relevant, occur in the absence of changes in global indices of sympathetic nervous function. The enhanced renal NE spillover in obesity may have implications for the development of hypertension in this group, whereas the low cardiac sympathetic tone would be expected to be cardioprotective. Enhanced visceral oxygen consumption evident in the kidneys and hepatomesenteric circulation in proportion to body mass contributes to the greater resting oxygen consumption in obesity.
Cooperation and Educational Efforts Lead to Better Service
Authors: Z. Danilevicius
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Anesthesiology is a rapidly developing specialty of medicine. Its role has become more and more important with the advent of the complicated surgical procedures involved in open heart surgery, organ transplantation, and some neurosurgical procedures. Shortage of anesthestists has been reported from many countries around the world. In Europe, France and West Germany suffer a great manpower short-age in that field. The United States is in a much better position with regard to the quality and academic excellence of anesthesiologists and to the number of anesthetists in the country. At present, there are almost 12,000 anesthesiologists in the United States. Their postgraduate specialty training and accreditation are regulated by the American Board of Anesthesiology. The annual increase in the number of anesthesiologists is slightly less than necessary to meet the demand, but there is no shortage of anesthetists. If one could complain, it would be only about the unequal distribution
Liver and kidney metabolism during prolonged starvation
Authors: Oliver E. Owen, Philip Felig, Alfred P. Morgan, John Wahren, George F. Cahill
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

This study quantifies the concentrations of circulating insulin, growth hormone, glucose, free fatty acids, glycerol, beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, and alpha amino nitrogen in 11 obese subjects during prolonged starvation. The sites and estimated rates of gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis after 5-6 wk of fasting were investigated in five of the subjects. Blood glucose and insulin concentrations fell acutely during the 1st 3 days of fasting, and alpha amino nitrogen after 17 days. The concentration of free fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetoacetate did not reach a plateau until after 17 days. Estimated glucose production at 5-6 wk of starvation is reduced to approximately 86 g/24 hr. Of this amount the liver contributes about one-half and the kidney the remainder. Approximately all of the lactate, pyruvate, glycerol, and amino acid carbons which are removed by liver and kidney are converted into glucose, as evidenced by substrate balances across these organs.
Bone marrow transplantation followed by normal pregnancy
Authors: Peter Jacobs, D. W. Dubovsky
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1981)

Abstract A full‐term normal male child was delivered using forceps fifteen months after successful allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in a woman who presented with severe acute aplastic anemia. The uneventful course of this pregnancy demonstrates that the high‐dose cylcophosphamide administration used to prepare the patient for the procedure need not irreversibly suppress ovarian or endocrine function. This observation has relevance for the increasing numbers of young patients with aplastic anemia or acute leukemia undergoing bone marrow transplantation.
PATHOLOGY OF ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES RETRIEVED BY EXCISION WITH GENE AND PROTEIN ASSESSMENT FOR THE PREDICTION OF CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Fumiyuki Otsuka, Lawrence Garcia, Xiaoqing Zhao, Qi Cheng, Scott Brown, Masataka Nakano, Renu Virmani, Frank Kolodgie
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)