tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
States Try Medication Recycling Programs
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Wound Ballistics-Reply
Authors: Martin L. Fackler
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Adams' calculations do not support his contention that by "size" Amato et al meant area instead of diameter. The area of the 70.4-mm diameter cavity (11 sphere diameters of 6.4 mm each) is 3892 mm<sup>2</sup>, not 972 mm<sup>2</sup>. Rather than 30-fold, this is a 122-fold difference. If they did mean area, Amato et al erred even more in interpreting their data than I stated. Clearly, the majority of uncomplicated extremity gunshot wounds can be safely managed by simple means. The article by Marcus et al was cited because it implies that only low-velocity gunshot wounds can be handled this way. The initial information given about a shooting (weapon, bullet, and range) is notoriously inaccurate on the urban battle-field of our larger cities. Drs Marcus and Blair's thesis that "an analysis of the history of the injury [is] mandatory to arrive at the appropriate treatment" would
Scintigraphic Evaluation of Gastric Emptying: Are Radiolabeled Solids Necessary?
Authors: JEFFRY A. SIEGEL, BENJAMIN KREVSKY, ALAN H. MAURER, N DAVID CHARKES, ROBERT S. FISHER, LEON S. MALMUD
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

A standard, dual-isotope meal (Tc-99m-egg sandwich and In-111 DTPA in water) was administered to 14 normal volunteers and 37 patients, who had not undergone gastric surgery, to determine if the emptying characteristics of the liquid phase alone could accurately predict delayed solid emptying. Delayed gastric emptying was defined clinically as a solid half-emptying time more than two standard deviations greater than the mean for normal volunteers. Linear regression analysis was performed on the natural logarithm of liquid fractional retention at each time interval to yield a slope and y-intercept for each subject. There was no significant difference (0.6 less than P less than 0.8) between volunteers and patients with normal solid emptying for the liquid slope. In patients who exhibited delayed gastric emptying for solids, the liquid slopes were significantly different from the normal values (P less than .001). There was a high correlation of liquid slope to solid half-emptying time in all patients and volunteers (r = -0.80, P less than .001). Comparison of the liquid slope measurement to solid half-emptying time criteria revealed a sensitivity of 96%, a specificity of 100%, and a predictive value of 100% for the slope test. These results suggest that delayed gastric emptying can be accurately detected with a liquid-solid meal using only a single-liquid label.
Generation, culture, and differentiation of human embryonic stem cells for therapeutic applications
Authors: Shin Yong Moon, Yong Bin Park, Dae-Sung Kim, Sun Kyung Oh, Dong-Wook Kim
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Embryonic stem (ES) cells, derived from the inner cell mass of the mammalian blastocyst, can continuously proliferate in an undifferentiated state and can also be induced to differentiate into a desired cell lineage. These abilities make ES cells an appealing source for cell replacement therapies, the study of developmental biology, and drug/toxin screening studies. As compared to mouse ES cells, human ES cells have only recently been derived and studied. Although there are many differences in properties between mouse and human ES cells, the study of mouse ES cells has provided important insights into human ES cell research. In this review, we describe the advantages and disadvantages of methods used for human ES cell derivation, the expansion of human ES cells, and the current status of human ES cell differentiation research. In addition, we discuss the endeavor that scientists have undertaken toward the therapeutic application of these cells, which includes therapeutic cloning and the improvement of human ES cell culture conditions.
The full mutation in the FMR–1 gene of male fragile X patients is absent in their sperm
Authors: Edwin Reyniers, Lieve Vits, Kristel De Boulle, Bernadette Van Roy, Desirée Van Velzen, Esther de Graaff, Annemieke J.M.H. Verkerk, Hugo Z.J. Jorens, John K. Darby, Ben Oostra, Patrick J. Willems
Journal: Nature Genetics (1993)
Hair of the Dog
Authors: James R. Hoon
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Studies of two subjects whose stomachs previously had been photographed with a gastrocamera are presented with pictures made after heavy alcoholic ingestion. Both subjects had severe hangovers. Observations made before and after drinking of an alcoholic beverage on the "morning after" showed a remarkable calming of the stomach after ingestion, demonstrated by the gastrocamera. (<i>JAMA</i>229:184-185, 1974)
Prediction of Myocardial Viability: Tl-201 Versus Sestamibi Versus Teboroxime Compared With FDG Uptake
Authors: JACKSON W. KISER, WALTER E. DRANE, SUSAN T. MASTIN, MICHAEL W. NICOLE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Several radionuclide imaging agents have been used for assessing the presence of myocardial viability. These include Tl-201 chloride, Tc-99m sestamibi, and Tc-99m teboroxime. Currently, the most reliable indicator is F-18 FDG, which accumulates in severely hypoperfused myocardium, indicating preserved metabolic activity. The presence of chronically ischemic myocardium that has preserved metabolic activity is referred to as "hibernating" myocardium. In this series, the ability of Tl-201, sestamibi, and teboroxime to establish the existence of viable myocardium was compared with that of F-18 FDG. Seventy-seven patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy were referred for determination of myocardial viability. FDG images were compared with representative resting blood-flow images obtained from either: 1) 24 hour Tl-201 reinjection-redistribution images, 2) resting sestamibi blood-flow images, or 3) early images from resting teboroxime washout analysis. Tl-201 was found to underestimate myocardial viability in 41% of patients, Tc-99m sestamibi underestimated viability in 38% of patients, and Tc-99m teboroxime underestimated viability in 26% of patients. There was no significant difference in the prediction of viable myocardium among the three radiopharmaceuticals, as all three underestimated myocardial viability.
A Century of the Mechanics of Breathing
Authors: Peter T. Macklem
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

When the twentieth century began, a substantial amount was already known about the mechanics of breathing, and the respiratory muscles. The chest wall had been modeled as a bellows with a bladder inside representing the lung. It was known that the respiratory system was elastic and stored energy on inflation that did the work of expiration. Measurements of transpulmonary pressure had been made and there had been attempts to correlate these with lung volume (1). However, a century ago we had no framework in which to view measurements. Without a model of how the system behaves, measurements of respiratory mechanics are uninterpretable. In addition, we lacked technology to make measurements. In the past 100 years this has changed: modeling has provided great insights into the system’s behavior and technological advances have permitted measurements that previously were impossible. Sometimes, however, advances are made without new models and new technology because scientists view problems from new perspectives. Such appears to be the case with surface tension, which I discuss separately. This review is not comprehensive, but focuses on the role of models and technology in the development of new knowledge in the field and on discoveries related to surface tension. Only a limited number of topics are discussed. I apologize to those whose work should be included, but that I fail to discuss. MODELING Lung Models
Vasoactive intestinal peptide induces S(alpha)/S(mu) switch circular DNA in human B cells.
Authors: S Fujieda, J A Waschek, K Zhang, A Saxon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a major neurotransmitter of peripheral nerves, has been suggested to function in host defense by regulating local human immune function. Indirect evidence has been marshaled that VIP can function as a switch factor for IgA in human Ig isotype recombination. In this study we directly tested the ability of VIP to function as a factor driving human B cells into IgA producing cells by assessing its ability to induce switch circular DNA representing direct mu to alpha switching. In addition we determined the generation of alpha germ-line transcripts and measured the level of IgA protein produced. Stimulation with VIP and CD40 mAb induced IgA production by human IgD+ B cells while VIP or CD40 alone failed to do so. Stimulation of purified IgD+ B cells with VIP plus CD40 mAb induced generation of switch circular DNA representing in vitro driven isotype switching from mu to alpha. CD40 mAb alone induced alpha germ-line transcripts but not IgA switch circles. Thus VIP, a neurogenic factor, can induce alpha-specific switching in CD40-activated human B cells and may thereby play an important role in directing the humoral immune response at mucosal surfaces.
Abstract 3977: Mark cancer cells for CTL attack through coating with viral antigenic peptides.
Authors: Chien-Fu Hung
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Selectively coating tumor cells with foreign antigenic peptide may render coated tumor susceptible to immune recognition and elimination, thereby bypassing immune tolerance. Here we create a therapeutic chimeric protein comprised of a tumor-homing module fused to a functional cargo domain containing foreign antigenic peptide. The tumor-homing module is comprised of mesothelin-specific single chain variable fragment that specifically binds to mesothelin, commonly overexpressed in ovarian tumors. The functional cargo domain is comprised of Fc (IgG2a) protein and MHC class I-restricted foreign CD8+ T cell epitope flanked by furin cleavage sites, which can be recognized by furin highly expressed in the tumor microenvironment. We show that our therapeutic protein specifically loaded antigenic epitope onto MHC class I of bound tumor cells, rendering them susceptible to antigen-specific CD8+ T cell-mediated killing for potent antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo. Our findings have important implications for bypassing immune tolerance to enhance cancer immunotherapy.Selectively coating tumor cells with foreign antigenic peptide may render coated tumor susceptible to immune recognition and elimination, thereby bypassing immune tolerance. Here we create a therapeutic chimeric protein comprised of a tumor-homing module fused to a functional cargo domain containing foreign antigenic peptide. The tumor-homing module is comprised of mesothelin-specific single chain variable fragment that specifically binds to mesothelin, commonly overexpressed in ovarian tumors. The functional cargo domain is comprised of Fc (IgG2a) protein and MHC class I-restricted foreign CD8+ T cell epitope flanked by furin cleavage sites, which can be recognized by furin highly expressed in the tumor microenvironment. We show that our therapeutic protein specifically loaded antigenic epitope onto MHC class I of bound tumor cells, rendering them susceptible to antigen-specific CD8+ T cell-mediated killing for potent antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo. Our findings have important implications for bypassing immune tolerance to enhance cancer immunotherapy. Citation Format: Chien-Fu Hung. Mark cancer cells for CTL attack through coating with viral antigenic peptides. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3977. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3977
THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF DISEASES OF THE DUODENUM BY DIRECT METHODS.
Authors: FENTON B. TURCK
Journal: JAMA (1898)

The use of the gyromele in the diagnosis and treatment of intestinal diseases is now so well known by the profession that it would seem hardly necessary to describe the method, but as more work is being accomplished and new facts learned it is destined to add to our knowledge of the physiology and pathology of the gastro-intestinal tube. The gyromele as made for diagnosis, and treatment of the esophagus, stomach and intestines is modified for each part of the alimentary tube to which it is applicable, and also for the various kinds of uses in both diagnosis and treatment. The gyromele as is well known is composed of three essential parts. The cable with a spiral attached to one end and to the other end is attached an instrument for producing revolutions of the cable and spiral. To the end of the spiral is attached a sponge or bulb
I-131, I-123, and F-18 FDG-PET Imaging in a Patient With Diffuse Sclerosing Variant of Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Terence Z. Wong, Manoj K. Jain, Susan E. Spratt
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Purpose: To compare the sensitivity of I-123 total body iodine (TBI) scan, I-131 TBI, and PET scanning with 2-deoxy-2[F-18]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG-PET) scans for detection of residual/recurrent disease in patients with diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid cancer. Materials: A 45-year-old woman with status post-thyroidectomy and modified neck dissection showed papillary thyroid carcinoma with a diffuse sclerosing variant and positive lymph nodes. Six weeks after surgery, I-131 TBI and FDG-PET scans showed no residual or metastatic disease. However, clinical suspicion for disease remained, and an I-123 TBI scan was performed. Results: I-123 TBI showed a tiny residual focus in the left thyroid bed. The patient was treated with 150 mCi oral I-131 sodium iodide; posttreatment scan confirmed the presence of residual disease. Follow-up I-123 TBI scans up to 2 1/2 years posttreatment were negative. Conclusion: Total body imaging with I-123 was more sensitive than I-131 TBI scanning for detecting residual or recurrent disease in patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer presenting with low preoperative thyroglobulin levels.
Russia defies WHO antismoking convention by allowing misleading advertising
Authors: V. Vlassov
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The Russian government is flouting the World Health Organization’s convention against smoking, despite having ratified it earlier this year.

In defiance of the convention a new Russian standard permits the use of misleading advertising of cigarettes, including the use of the word “light” to describe certain brands, and allows representatives of the tobacco industry to take part in the legislative process.

The lower chamber of the …
Anti-IL-4 receptor mAb attenuates allergic airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation in allergic mice
Authors: Eun-Seok Yang, Anthony Joetham, Katsuyuki Takeda, Zhi-Hua Cui, Christian Taube, Joel Tocker, Erwin W Gelfand
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Tc-99m-Pertechnetate Scanning in Metastatic Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: G LAMBERIGTS, M DE ROO, P DEVOS, D BURIE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

Radionuclide imaging with Tc-99m-pertechnetate in a patient with a mixed papillary–follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland showed evidence of increased radioactivity at sites of functioning metastases. The use of Tc-99m-pertechnetate as well as l-131 for imaging in search of functioning thyroid metastases is discussed.
Constrictive Pericarditis Following Irradiation Therapy
Authors: Cathel A. Macleod
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Constrictive pericarditis was found in a patient receiving mediastinal irradiation for metastatic seminoma. The gradual onset of symptoms following irradiation, together with the absence of features commonly associated with the more common causes of constrictive pericarditis, are highly suggestive of a causal relationship.
NADPH oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species are important to the early stage of CD95 engagement in hepatocytes
Authors: Xiao-Ming Yin
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Abstract CD95 ligand (CD95L) triggers a rapid formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as an upstream event of CD95 activation and apoptosis induction in rat hepatocytes. This ROS response was sensitive to inhibition by diphenyleneiodonium, apocynin, and neopterin, suggestive of an involvement of NADPH oxidases. In line with this, hepatocytes expressed mRNAs not only of the phagocyte gp91 phox (Nox 2), but also of the homologs Nox 1 and 4 and Duox 1 and 2, as well as the regulatory subunit p47 phox . gp91 phox (Nox 2) and p47 phox were also identified at the protein level in rat hepatocytes. CD95L induced within 1 min ceramide formation and serine phosphorylation of p47 phox , which was sensitive to inhibitors of sphingomyelinase and protein kinase Cζ (PKCζ). These inhibitors and p47 phox protein knockdown inhibited the early CD95L-induced ROS response, suggesting that ceramide and PKCζ are upstream events of the CD95Linduced Nox/Duox activation. CD95L also induced rapid activation of the Src family kinase Yes, being followed by activation of c-Src, Fyn, and c-Jun-N-terminal kinases (JNK). Only Yes and JNK activation were sensitive to N -acetylcysteine, inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, PKCζ, or sphingomyelinase, indicating that the CD95L-induced ROS response is upstream of Yes and JNK but not of Fyn and c-Src activation. Activated Yes rapidly associated with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which became phosphorylated at Tyr845 and Tyr1173 but not at Tyr1045. Activated EGFR then triggered an AG1478-sensitive CD95-tyrosine phosphorylation, which was a signal for membrane targeting of the EGFR/CD95 complex, subsequent recruitment of Fas-associated death domain and caspase 8, and apoptosis induction. All of these events were significantly blunted by inhibitors of sphingomyelinase, PKCζ, NADPH oxidases, Yes, or EGFR-tyrosine kinase activity and after protein knockdown of either p47 phox , Yes, or EGFR. The data suggest that CD95L-induced apoptosis involves a sphingomyelinase- and PKCζ-dependent activation of NADPH oxidase isoforms, which is required for Yes/EGFR/CD95 interactions as upstream events of CD95 activation. (Hepatology 2005;42:956–958.)
Abstract C22: Telomerase activity and HR-HPV infection frequently are present before detection of high grade cervical lesions
Authors: Diana Carolina Martín-Gámez, Gustavo Adolfo Hernandez, Oscar Leonardo Buitrago, Antonio Huertas, Raúl Murillo, Maria Mercedes Bravo, Pablo Moreno, Nubia Muñoz, Monica Molano-Luque
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Telomerase activation have been considered as a fundamental step in the immortalization process because majority nonmalignant somatic tissue shows undetectable or no telomerase activity. A few numbers of studies in cervical cancer have showed an increase in the telomerase activity with grade of lesion, and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been associated in some studies with telomerase activation. However until now there are not follow up studies that measure the telomerase activity along the time. We describe here results about telomerase activity and HPV infection during 7 years of follow up in women that belong to the Bogotá cohort. Samples were obtained every six months during follow up and we had in average four samples by woman. Telomerase activity was analyzed in 58 samples of 17 women that during follow up developed High Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (HGSIL) and 149 samples of 34 women that during follow up had normal cytology using a TeloTAGGG Telomerase PCR ELISA kit (Roche Applied Science). The HPV infection was previously tested using a GP5+/GP6+mediated PCR-EIA and typing using a Reverse Line Blot assay (RLB). Of the 17 women that developed HGSIL along follow up; 12 (70.5%) had HPV infection and telomerase activity at the same time of HGSIL diagnosis or in a previous visit, these women had infections with high risk types (HR) principally with those belong to the alpha 9 specie, 2 (17.7%) showed only transitory events of HPV infection and 2 (11.8%) had normal cytology without HPV infection or telomerase activity. Average time to develop HGSIL was 13.5 months. In normal women we observed diverse results. Of the 34 women; 21 (61.8%) had HPV transitory infections with high risk and/or low risk types sometime during follow up and only 12 (35.2%) of them were positive for telomerase activity sometime in follow up independently of HPV infection. Interestingly, 8 (23.5%) women had HPV-HR infection during follow up and they were never positive for telomerase activity and 5 (14.7%) women didn't have HPV infection and telomerase activity. Detection of HR-HPV infection and telomerase activity at the same time likes to predict the risk of HGSIL. Our results support the idea that telomerase activity and HR-HPV infection can be used as progression markers for the development of HGSIL. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):C22.
Risk factors for death from meningitis
Authors: C M Benjamin, R W Newton, M A Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Accumulation of desethylamiodarone has been implicated in other adverse effects of amiodarone treatment.5Its accumulation within the epididymis of this man may have been related to the epididymal pain and swelling.The concentration of desethylamiodarone in the semen was five times that in the serum.The only other recorded seminal concentration of desethylamiodarone, in a patient with discoloured brown semen but no epididymitis, did not exceed the serum concentration.2Isolated epididymitis occurred in our patient after a dose of amiodarone which resulted in a serum concentration within the therapeutic range.We recommend that the serum concentration should be used only as a guide to treatment and that the minimum dose be given.In this case treatment was resumed with a smaller dose which still controlled arrhythmia.The manufacturers of amiodarone have been informed of two other cases of epididymitis associated with the drug, one of which resolved after amiodarone was withdrawn and the other after the dose was reduced. 1