tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1019: CD34+ progenitors resident in the human white adipose tissue promote tumor angiogenesis, growth and metastases in orthotopic models of breast cancer
Authors: Ines Martin-Padura, Giuliana Gregato, Paola Marighetti, Patrizia Mancuso, Angelica Calleri, Chiara Corsini, Visnu Lohririwat, Jean-Yves Petit, Francesco Bertolini
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Similarly to neoplasia, the human white adipose tissue (WAT) shows in vivo a robust angiogenic switch when the growth rate exceeds a given expansion threshold. Also, anti-angiogenic drugs have been found to inhibit WAT development in postnatal mice. We have recently reported that the human WAT is very rich in CD45-CD34+ progenitors that express high levels of angiogenesis-related genes and can generate in culture endothelial cells and tubes as efficiently as mesenchymal cells (Martin-Padura et al, Cancer Res, in the press). Compared to the bone marrow, WAT contains &amp;gt;250 times more CD45-CD34+ progenitors with endothelial differentiation potential. The co-injection of human WAT-derived CD45-CD34+ progenitors from lipotransfer procedures contributed to tumor vascularization and significantly increased tumor growth and metastases in several orthotopic models of human breast cancer in immunodeficient NSG mice. At variance with human bone marrow-derived CD34+ progenitors, which were found to incorporate only in perivascular sites of tumor vasculature, confocal z-stack studies showed that mature endothelial cells derived from human WAT-CD34+ progenitors lined the lumen of fully functional cancer vessels where red cells were found to circulate. Transwell and 3D time-lapse studies in collagen showed that human WAT cells significantly promoted an EMT switch as well as breast cancer cell directionality, migration and invasion towards a gradient of several different chemo-attractants. Autologous lipotransfer for tissue/organ reconstruction is used in patients who had surgical removal of breast and other types of cancer. We have recently reported a study of 321 consecutive patients operated for primary breast cancer who subsequently underwent a lipotransfer procedure, compared with two matched patients with similar characteristics who did not undergo lipotransfer (Petit et al, Ann Oncol, in the press). In this study, the lipotransfer group exhibited a higher risk of local events compared to the controls when the analysis was limited to intraepithelial neoplasia. A second data revision after prolonged follow-up confirmed this significant difference. The dissection of the different roles of purified populations of WAT-derived progenitors and mature cells seems urgent to clarify which WAT cell populations can be used safely for breast reconstruction in cancer patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1019. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1019
Effect of salcatonin given intranasally on early postmenopausal bone loss.
Authors: K. Overgaard, B. J. Riis, C. Christiansen, M. A. Hansen
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To study the effect of salmon calcitonin (salcatonin) given intranasally on calcium and bone metabolism in early postmenopausal women. DESIGN--Double blind, placebo controlled, randomised group comparison. SETTING--Outpatient clinic for research into osteoporosis. SUBJECTS--52 Healthy women who had had a natural menopause two and a half to five years previously. INTERVENTIONS--The 52 women were allocated randomly to two years of treatment with either salcatonin 100IU given intranasally (n = 26) or placebo (n = 26). Both groups received a calcium supplement of 500 mg daily. Seven of the women receiving salcatonin and six of those receiving placebo left the study before its end. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Bone mineral content in the spine, the total skeleton, and the forearms after two years of treatment. RESULTS--Bone mineral content in the spine was significantly higher in the women who had received salcatonin than in those who had received placebo both after one year and after two years of treatment. After one year the difference was 3.8% (95% confidence interval 0.0 to 7.6%) and after two years it was 8.2% (3.8 to 12.6%). In contrast, the bone mineral content in the distal and proximal forearms and in the total skeleton declined similarly in both groups by about 2% each year, and after two years of treatment the differences between the groups were not significant. Biochemical estimates of bone turnover were not affected by salcatonin. CONCLUSION--The results suggest that salcatonin given intranasally in the dose used prevents bone loss in the spine of early post menopausal women but does not affect the peripheral skeleton.
Computed Tomography in the Early Detection of Skeletal Involvement With Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Clyde A. Helms
Journal: JAMA (1982)

IT IS generally accepted that approximately 25% to 50% of the trabecular spongiosum in the vertebrae must be resorbed or destroyed to be detected by conventional roentgenography. 1 Radionuclide bone scanning is more sensitive in detecting focal osseous destruction based on the dynamic state of reactive osteoblastic activity and/or increased regional bone blood flow. Specifically, however, in multiple myeloma, bone scans are frequently falsely negative, and conventional roentgenography continues to be the principal imaging modality to assess skeletal involvement. 2-4 This case illustrates a potentially sensitive method of detecting early skeletal destruction in multiple myeloma using high-resolution computed tomography (CT).  Report of a Case  A 43-year-old woman with known multiple myeloma had low-back pain and sciatica. Conventional roentgenograms of the lumbosacral spine demonstrated mild generalized demineralization but no focal abnormalities (Fig 1); CT of the lumbar spine was performed to evaluate lumbar disk disease. Serial scans disclosed a protruding disk
Promotion of human adipocyte precursor replication by 17beta-estradiol in culture.
Authors: D A Roncari, R L Van
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

The influence of 17beta-estradiol and 17alpha-estradiol on adult human omental adipocyte precursors grown in a propagating culture system was studied. Cells were grown in subculture in the presence or absence of hormone. 17beta-estradiol resulted in significant promotion of adipocyte precursor replication, as determined by cell counting and incorporation of radioactive thymidine into DNA. The hormone stimulated cell multiplication in the concentration range 0.5--500 ng/ml growth medium. The highest level tested was 500 ng/ml. The maximal effects were obtained at 50 ng/ml (P less than 0.001 by paired t test, 48 h after hormone addition). All 10 cell strains (five were derived from men and five from women) that were tested responded similarly to the hormone. 17beta-estradiol did not affect cell size. 17alpha-estradiol did not promote the replication of adipocyte precursors, nor did it influence cell size. Thus, 17beta-estradiol, which is the active isomer in known target tissues, stimulates the multiplication of human adipocyte precursors in culture.
New connections between medical knowledge and patient care
Authors: L. L Weed
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Upon this gifted age, in its dark hour, Rains from the sky a meteoric shower Of facts … they lie unquestioned, uncombined.

Wisdom enough to leech us of our ill Is daily spun, but there exists no loom To weave it into fabric Edna St Vincent Millay1

The meteoric shower of medicine's scientific achievements can overwhelm a doctor's mind. A patient has no assurance that his or her doctor is able to take into account all relevant scientific knowledge and integrate it with detailed data about the patient's own condition. Yet few doctors, patients, or policy makers recognise that modern information tools can become the loom for weaving these two bodies of knowledge into a fabric. In fact, few recognise the dimensions of the problem.

This state of affairs has one underlying cause: misplaced faith in the unaided human mind. Medical practice requires tools to extend the mind's limited capacity to recall and process large numbers of relevant variables, just as medical science requires the microscope to extend our capacity to see at the microscopic level. We must abandon the arrogance of professional “expertise” that shuns such tools. Instead, we must use the new tools routinely as they are developed for more and more diagnostic and management problems.

#### Summary points

Medicine lacks an information infrastructure to efficiently connect those who produce and archive medical knowledge to those who must apply that knowledge

There are serious “voltage drops” along the transmission line for medical knowledge in the present healthcare system

Good medical practice requires tools to extend the human mind's limited capacity to recall and process large numbers of relevant variables

Knowledge should be held in tools that are kept up to date and used routinely—not in heads, which are expensive to load and faulty in the retention and processing of knowledge …
1051 Labile plasma iron in C282Y/C282Y hemochromatosis: a reality of potential pathophysiological and clinical importance
Authors: C LELAN, T COHEN, M ROPERT, H GLICKSTEIN, M POUCHARD, A LETREUT, Y DEUGNIER, O LOREAL, W BREUER, I CABANTCHIK
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Iron meatbolism in animals is altered by haemolytic anaemia induced by phenylhydrazine (PHZ). In common with a number of other modulators of iron metabolism, the mode and the mechanisms of this response are yet to be determined. However, recent studies have shown increased expression of the ferrous transporter DMT1 in the duodenum and other tissues of mice administered PHZ. We examined the expression of the ferric reductase Dcytb, DMT1 and some other genes involved in Fe metabolism in tissues of mice dosed with PHZ. The expression of iron-related genes in the duodenum, liver, and spleen of the mice were evaluated using Northern blot analyses, RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Dcytb, and DMT1 mRNA and protein increased markedly in the duodenum of mice given PHZ. The efflux protein Ireg1 also increased in the duodenum of the treated mice. These changes correlated with a decrease in hepatic hepcidin expression. Dcytb, DMT1, Ireg1 and transferrin receptor 1 mRNA expression in the spleen and liver of mice treated with PHZ responded to the enhanced iron demand associated with the resulting stimulation of erythropoiesis. Enhanced iron absorption observed in PHZ-treated animals is facilitated by the up-regulation of the genes involved in iron transport and recycling. The probable association of the erythroid and the store regulators of iron homeostasis and absorption in the mice is discussed.
Practical Examinations for Medical License
Authors: Adolph Meyer
Journal: JAMA (1910)

To the Editor:—  Of all the methods of raising standards, efficiency of examination is no doubt by far the best plan. I doubt whether any other branch is more exposed to a reeling off of mere patter instead of the furnishing of evidence of training than that of psychopathology and psychiatry. The differences of teaching are so great and the vocabulary seems to play such an undue part that there is no fair way to size up the efficiency of a man outside of a demonstration of what he does with an actual case. This plan was in practice when I passed my state examination at Zurich, in Switzerland, in 1890; both in psychiatry and in medicolegal work we had to examine and report on a case, which is perfectly feasible and really the only way to get around the differences of teaching and the hollowness of answers to mere
Regulation of the Medical Profession — The Dangers of Exorcism — Does the Devil Smoke?
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

THE General Medical Council was established in accordance with the requirements of the Medical Act of 1838, which stated that it was "expedient that persons requiring medical aid should be enabled to distinguish qualified from unqualified practitioners." Ever since that time, the Council has served and protected the public by keeping and publishing a register of duly qualified practitioners, by ensuring that the educational standard of entry in the register (and thus in the profession) is maintained, and by taking disciplinary action against registered doctors, if it appears, by reason of their misconduct, that they be unfit to remain on . . .
A new genetic method to generate and isolate small, short-lived but highly potent dendritic cell-tumor cell hybrid vaccines
Authors: Vy Phan, Fiona Errington, S Chiat Cheong, Tim Kottke, Michael Gough, Sharon Altmann, Annick Brandenburger, Steve Emery, Scott Strome, Andrew Bateman, Bernard Bonnotte, Alan Melcher, Richard Vile
Journal: Nature Medicine (2003)
Identification of an immunodominant mouse minor histocompatibility antigen (MiHA). T cell response to a single dominant MiHA causes graft-versus-host disease.
Authors: C Perreault, J Jutras, D C Roy, J G Filep, S Brochu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

T cell responses to non-MHC antigens are targeted to a restricted number of immunodominant minor histocompatibility antigens whose identity remains elusive. Here we report isolation and sequencing of a novel immunodominant minor histocompatibility antigen presented by H-2Db on the surface of C57BL/6 mouse cells. This nonapeptide (AAPDNRETF) shows strong biologic activity in cytotoxic T lymphocyte sensitization assays at concentrations as low as 10 pM. C3H.SW mice primed with AAPDNRETF in incomplete Freund's adjuvant generated a potent anti-C57BL/6 T cell-mediated cytotoxic activity, and T lymphocytes from AAPDNRETF-primed mice caused graft-versus-host disease when transplanted in irradiated C57BL/6 recipients. These results (a) provide molecular characterization of a mouse dominant minor histocompatibility antigen, (b) identify this peptide as a potential target of graft-versus-host disease and, (c) more importantly, demonstrate that a single dominant minor antigen can cause graft-versus-host disease. These findings open new avenues for the prevention of graft-versus-host disease and should further our understanding of the mechanisms of immunodominance in T cell responses to minor histocompatibility antigens.
The Queen’s closure: a novel technique for closure of endoscopic gastrotomy for natural-orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery
Authors: L. Hookey, V. Khokhotva, B. Bielawska, A. Samis, D. Jalink, D. Hurlbut, D. Mercer
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

See also: Commentaire de travail de L. C. Hookey et al., pp. 149Endoscopy 2009; 41(02): 252-252DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306733
Evidence based case report: Use of prostaglandins to induce labour in women with a caesarean section scar
Authors: S. Vause, M. Macintosh
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Mrs B, a 26 year old woman, was 10 days post term in her second pregnancy. Her first child had been delivered by elective caesarean section at 38 weeks' gestation because of a breech presentation. Two doses of prostaglandin E2 vaginal gel (1 mg), administered six hours apart, were used to induce labour. Eight hours after the second dose, Mrs B's cervix was found to be soft,fully effaced, and dilated to 3 cm, but her uterine contractions were mild and irregular. Amniotomy was performed and an infusion of oxytocin was started. Mrs B made good progress in labour with epidural analgesia.

Initially the fetal cardiotocograph was normal. However, four hours after the oxytocin infusion was started, fetal tachycardia with recurrent early decelerations was noted. At that time Mrs B's cervix was dilated to 9 cm. While preparations were being made for fetal scalp pH sampling, there was a prolonged deceleration in the fetal heart rate and fresh vaginal bleeding. Uterine rupture was suspected. Mrs B was transferred immediately to theatre, where this was confirmed. The baby showed no signs of life at delivery and could not be resuscitated. MrsB required a blood transfusion at the time of operation but made a good recovery afterwards.

When the case was discussed at the monthly perinatal meeting, it became apparent that the obstetricians had different views on the advisability of using prostaglandins to induce labour in women with a scarred uterus. Some doctors believed that the main benefit of induction over repeat elective caesarean section was that some women would achieve a vaginal delivery and the mode of delivery in subsequent pregnancies would not therefore be compromised. Others expressed concern that the risk of scar rupture after a previous lower segment caesarean section might be higher with prostaglandins than with other methods of induction. They suggested that the …
Chromatographic Separation of Pepsinogens and Pepsins from Human Gastric Mucosa and Urine.
Authors: Harry L. Segal
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964Chromatographic Separation of Pepsinogens and Pepsins from Human Gastric Mucosa and Urine.Harry L. Segal, M.D., F.A.C.P., Michael D. Turner, M.D., Leon L. Miller, M.D., Max J. Seijffers, M.D.Harry L. Segal, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Michael D. Turner, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Leon L. Miller, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Max J. Seijffers, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-721_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptBy the application of column chromatography with the use of a cellulose ion exchange resin the authors have observed the separation of three different pepsinogens (designated as pepsinogen I, II and III) from gastric mucosa, three pepsins from gastric juice and two pepsinogens (pepsinogen II and III) from the urine of the same patient.Chromatography of the acidified gastric mucosa revealed a peak not seen during chromatography of the acid juice secreted by the same gastric mucosa. This resulted in a study which demonstrated that each human pepsinogen formed after acidification and subsequent neutralization a compound which in its behavior... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4Page: 721-721KeywordsBehaviorChromatographyGastric mucosaPepsinsUrine Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
A Single Cycle of Rituximab for the Treatment of Severe Pemphigus
Authors: Pascal Joly, Hugo Mouquet, Jean-Claude Roujeau, Michel D'Incan, Danièle Gilbert, Serge Jacquot, Marie-Lise Gougeon, Christophe Bedane, Ralf Muller, Brigitte Dreno, Marie-Sylvie Doutre, Emmanuel Delaporte, Christine Pauwels, Nathalie Franck, Frédéric Caux, Catherine Picard, Emmanuelle Tancrede-Bohin, Philippe Bernard, François Tron, Michael Hertl, Philippe Musette
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

The combination of multiple cycles of rituximab and intravenous immune globulins has been reported to be effective in patients with severe pemphigus. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a single cycle of rituximab in severe types of pemphigus.
Phencyclidine-Associated Acute Rhabdomyolysis
Authors: FREDERICK C. COGEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Phencyclidine (PCP) is a dissociative veterinary anesthetic and tranquilizer that at present is being abused as a psychedelic and hallucinogenic agent with increasing frequency. The cases of two young patients suffering from phencyclidine toxicity are reported. In each, central nervous system depression was accompanied by an acute dystonic motor reaction resulting in acute rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria. Skeletal muscle injury was felt to be the result of excessive involuntary isometric motor activity rather than a direct effect of phencyclidine on skeletal muscle. Patients suffering from phencyclidine intoxication should be screened for acute rhabdomyolysis. Phencyclidine intoxication should be included in the differential of nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis and should be considered among the potential causes of acute myoglobinuric renal failure.
The Treatment of Typhoid Fever.
Authors: John Eliot Woodbridge
Journal: JAMA (1897)

tions of cultures were made into the parotid glands of white mice and rabbits, cats and dogs and into the testicles of guinea pigs.Control observations failed to disclose the presence of the same organism in the saliva and the parotid secretion of healthy persons. AN INCREDIBLE SCANDAL.In addition to the great amount of amusement and edification derived from the works of Charles Dickens, it is a well known fact that several of his writings called attention so emphatically to various existing abuses that these errors in administration, or in habit, were speedily corrected.It is stated that Hood's "Song of the Shirt" did more toward relieving the
Leydig Cells: Endocrine, Paracrine, and Autocrine Regulation
Authors: JOSÉ M. SAEZ
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1994)

THAT the testes are related to the sexual characteristics of the individual and have reproductive power was observed at an early time in history. One of the earliest descriptions of this relationship in men and in animals was made by Aristotle, three centuries before Christ. He described how the castration of immature male birds prevented the development of sexual characteristics, such as the coloring of the crest and the attraction to females. He linked these changes in the bird to those observed in castrated boys who experienced the persistence of a high-pitched voice of childhood into adulthood and the lack of sexual hair development. The first convincing evidence of the role of the testis in the maintenance of male sexual characteristics was given in the middle of the nineteenth century by Berthold (1) who showed that atrophy of the cock's comb observed after castration was prevented by implantation of the testis into the abdominal cavity.
Lymphocyte Response to Blood Transfusion in Man
Authors: Geraldine P. Schechter, Frances Soehnlen, William McFarland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

In 15 of 17 patients who received fresh or stored blood as whole blood or packed cells, a fivefold or greater rise in atypical lymphocytes or in vitro 3H-thymidine incorporation by blood leukocytes (or both) occurred one week after transfusion. These values declined to pretransfusion levels by the third week. The mean leukocyte 3H-thymidine incorporation at one week in these 17 patients (1067 disintegrations per second) was significantly greater than that found in five patients undergoing surgery without transfusion (423 disintegrations per second) or with an autotransfusion (457 disintegrations per second), or in three patients receiving frozen-thawed, leukocyte-depleted blood (163 disintegrations per second). Lymphocytotoxic reactivity was also detected in the serum of six of 12 patients. The frequency and timing of this cellular activation and its absence after administration of leukocyte-depleted blood favor an immunologic response to HL-A antigens on the transfused leukocytes and platelets as an explanation for this phenomenon.