tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Overview of phthalate ester pharmacokinetics in mammalian species.
Authors: W M Kluwe
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

Phthalic acid esters, or phthalate esters, are generally well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract following oral administration. Hydrolysis to the corresponding monoester metabolite, with release of an alcoholic substituent, largely occurs prior to intestinal absorption of the longer-chain alkyl derivatives such as di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Phthalate esters are widely distributed in the body, with the liver being the major, initial repository organ. Clearance from the body is rapid and there is only a slight cumulative potential. Short-chain dialkyl phthalates, such as dimethyl phthalate, can be excreted in an unchanged form or following complete hydrolysis to phthalic acid. Longer-chain compounds such as DEHP, however, are converted principally to polar derivatives of the monoesters by oxidative metabolism prior to excretion. A marked species difference in DEHP metabolism exists: primates (man, monkey, some rodent species) glucuronidate DEHP at the carboxylate moiety following hydrolysis of a single ester linkage, whereas rats appear to be unable to glucuronidate the monoester metabolite and oxidize the residual alkyl chain instead to various ketone and carboxylate derivatives. The major route of phthalate ester elimination from the body is urinary excretion. Certain phthalate esters are excreted in the bile but undergo enterohepatic circulation. The relationships of phthalate ester pharmacokinetics to their toxicological actions are unknown at the present time, largely due to a lack of elucidated mechanisms of toxic action.
Interleukin-10 inhibits polymethylmethacrylate particle induced interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α release by human monocyte/macrophages in vitro
Authors: Michael C.D. Trindade, Martin Lind, Yasuharu Nakashima, Doohoon Sun, Stuart B. Goodman, David J. Schurman, R.Lane Smith
Journal: Biomaterials (2001)
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration can lead to nonresectability of pancreatic cancer due to severe biopsy-induced inflammation
Authors: S. Dahl, M. Mortensen
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

A 62-year-old man with a pancreatic mass was referred for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), which demonstrated infiltration of the portal vein ([Fig. 1]). EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) was performed, with no signs of EUS-FNA-related complications. Cytological examination showed only suspicious cells. A second EUS-FNA performed 2 weeks later surprisingly revealed massive inflammation in and around the pancreas ([Fig. 2]). FNA and cytology showed adenocarcinoma and the patient underwent downstaging with combined chemoradiotherapy. After chemoradiotherapy a third EUS examination showed no infiltration of the portal vein. The patient underwent laparoscopy with laparoscopic ultrasound, but resection proved impossible because of the massive inflammatory changes that had been observed on endosonography.
P347Epicardial-derived interstitial fibroblasts and bone marrow-derived cell interaction determines post-infarction ventricular remodeling
Authors: J M Perez-Pomares, A Ruiz-Villalba, AM Simon, C Pogontke, G Abizanda, MI Castillo, S Cano, B Pelacho, F Prosper, JC Segovia
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Myocardial infarction is a prevalent cardiovascular disease. Mechanisms of repair in the post-infarcted heart include a progressive fibrosis that severely affects cardiac performance, eventually leading to cardiac failure. Cardiac fibrosis in the context of ventricular remodeling after infarction depends on fibroblasts of the cardiac interstitium (cardiac fibroblasts), a heterogeneous population of cells which, upon interaction with other interstitial cell types, initiates a massive deposition of extracellular matrix promoting the formation of a characteristic scar. In this work we have studied the cellular components of the cardiac interstitium from the embryo to the adult. Our results show that Wilms tumor supresor (Wt1) positive epicardial-derived mesenchymal cells pioneer the formation of the cardiac interstitium along embryogenesis, followed by the peri- and post-natal incorporation of bone-marrow derived cells. Adult epicardial-derived cells robustly differentiate into cardiac fibroblasts under normal and pathologic conditions, and become the predominant fibroblast type in the post-infarction scar. Furthermore, epicardial-derived cardiac fibroblasts are shown to display stromal properties respect to bone marrow-derived cells, critically contributing to the homing and persistence of circulating cells after infarction.
Improvements in Hostility and Depression in Relation to Dietary Change and Cholesterol Lowering
Authors: Gerdi Weidner, Sonja L. Connor, Jack F. Hollis, William E. Connor
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To describe changes in negative emotions among participants of a cholesterol-lowering study. Design: Cohort study. Quantitative evaluation of changes in negative emotions in relation to diet and plasma cholesterol levels before and after a 5-year dietary intervention program aimed at reducing plasma cholesterol levels. Setting: Community-dwelling families of the Family Heart Study, Portland, Oregon. Participants: One hundred forty-nine men and 156 women from 233 families (mean age, 37.7 years). Measurements: Changes in negative emotions including depression and aggressive hostility as measured by the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (SCL-90). Results: Improvement in overall emotional state was noted for the entire sample. Those who consumed a low-fat, high complex-carbohydrate diet at the end of the study showed significantly greater improvements in depression (P = 0.044; difference in improvement, 2.9 points) and aggressive hostility (P = 0.035; difference in improvement, 3.3 points) as well as a reduction in their plasma cholesterol levels (P = 0.024; difference in improvement, 2.7%) compared with those who ate a high-fat "American diet." Conclusions: Participation in a cholesterol-lowering program may not be associated with a worsening in emotional state. To the contrary, improvements in diet appear to be associated with reductions in depression and aggressive hostility as well as with lowered plasma cholesterol levels.
THE CONTINUOUS USE OF DIGITALIN IN THE VASOMOTOR AND CARDIAC LESIONS OF SENILITY.
Authors: HENRY BEATES
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Senility embraces that period of life during which one or more of the functions, as well as nutritional metamorphoses, when compared with the manifestations of the vital unit possessed by the individual, are recognized to be prematurely waning, and thus many are the instances of men and women, who, being endowed with vital energy sufficient to enroll them among the normal activities of advanced being, remain more or less disabled or invalided because of this premature failure on the part of some special organ or system to adequately discharge function. This retrograde process has an insidious origin, manifesting itself much earlier in life than we are prone to imagine, and is primarily operative, as a rule, in the vasomotor system. This<i>great</i>system has<i>not</i>, as yet, received the attentive study it should, and its direct relationship to functional activity, whether it be of brain or special sense or organ,
Quantitative Analysis of Glucose Loss During Acute Therapy for Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome
Authors: M L West, P A Marsden, G G Singer, M L Halperin
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

Four patients with severe hyperglycemia and hyperosmolality were studied to quantitate the major mechanisms responsible for the fall in blood glucose concentration. Insulin was not administered to any of these patients during the first 15 h of therapy. In each case, there was a fall in glucose concentration due to dilution; this was quantitated by chloride space analysis and accounted for 24–34% of the fall in concentration. The size of the glucose pool decreased for two reasons. Glucosuria accounted for the majority of the reduction in the size of the glucose pool in the patients with the smallest decrease in extracellular fluid (ECF) volume [and hence the best preserved glomerular filtration rate (GFR)]. In contrast, glucosuria was a less important factor in causing glucose loss in the patients with very low GFR values. The size of the glucose pool also decreased due to glucose metabolism that did not require exogenous insulin. Thus the fall in glucose concentration in the initial therapy in patients with the hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome is multifactorial and is not absolutely dependent on exogenous insulin. Furthermore, the patients grouped in this diagnostic category represent a heterogeneous population with the common features of severe hyperglycemia, hyperosmolality, and a negative or weakly reactive test for serum ketones.
Changes in myocardial oxygen consumption 45 minutes after experimental coronary occlusion do not alter infarct size
Authors: K D MULLER, H KLEIN, W SCHAPER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1980)

The influence of myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) at the moment of coronary occlusion on the size of the ensuing infarct was investigated in two groups of anaesthetised dogs. In one group (n = 9) coronary occlusion was produced at a high MVO2, estimated to be 14.6±2.1 cm3 O2·min−1·100g−1 which was changed midway during the occlusion period of 90 min to a low MVO2 estimated to be 6.7 ± 1.6. In the second group (n = 9) the MVO2, was elevated after 45 min an estimate of 5.1 ±0.9 to one of 13.2±3.7 cm3·min−1·100 g−1. In this way the MVO2 averaged over the entire 90 min occlusion period was equal in both groups. Infarct size expressed as a percentage of perfusion area was 68±28% in group 1 and 32±30% in group 2 (P <0.025). The mass of the perfusion areas did not differ significantly between the groups. Haemodynamic changes were similar in both groups except for a higher heart rate in group 1 in the period with low MVO2 (109 vs 66 per min, P <0.001). Collateral flow was not different between the two groups 45 min after occlusion. It is concluded that the MVO2 at the moment of occlusion significantly influences infarct size. Drastic changes of MVO2 induced at 45 min (ie at half time of the occlusion period of 90 min) had no measurable effect on infarct size.
Perspectives on Hepatitis B Vaccination-Reply
Authors: Frank Mahoney
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Numerous studies indicate that hepatitis B vaccines have an excellent safety profile and that adverse neurologic events following hepatitis B vaccination are exceedingly rare.<sup>1-4</sup>Population-based studies following large-scale hepatitis B immunization programs for infants in Alaska, New Zealand, and Taiwan have not established an association between hepatitis B vaccination and the occurrence of serious neurologic adverse events.<sup>3-4</sup> In the United States, data on adverse events associated with vaccination are available through the national Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), a passive surveillance system. In 1993, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) reviewed case reports in the medical literature and those reported to VAERS between November 1990 through July 1992 and concluded that the evidence to date was insufficient to assess a causal link between any serious neurologic event and hepatitis B vaccination.<sup>1</sup>A more recent review by the Food and Drug Administration of case reports in VAERS for
Clinicopathologic correlations of bone marrow angiogenesis in chronic myeloid leukemia: a morphometric study
Authors: P Korkolopoulou, N Viniou, N Kavantzas, E Patsouris, I Thymara, P M Pavlopoulos, E Terpos, K Stamatopoulos, E Plata, K Anargyrou, A Androulaki, P Davaris, X Yataganas
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
Panorama: Herceptin: Wanting the Wonder Drug
Authors: Joe Collier
Journal: BMJ (2006)

T he latest episode of Panorama —one of the most respected investigative current affairs programmes on UK television—delved into the key issues surrounding the recent decision to make trastuzumab (Herceptin) available free on the NHS for selected women with early breast cancer. As it unravelled, the story was of policy making determined at a raw socio-political level rather than on the more traditional clinical grounds.

On one side of the debate were enthusiasts arguing that trastuzumab was a “wonder” drug, and a “must have” medicine for the early treatment of women with an aggressive form of breast cancer in which the malignant cells are HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) positive. On the other were more wary prescribers who saw the drug as costly and of unproven value and one that still needed careful cost effectiveness and benefit/harm evaluations before the NHS could adopt it wholesale. The debate began to involve a vociferous patient group, the law courts, and the health secretary, and was played out in public through headlines in a hungry national media. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), remained some-what aloof throughout, and there …
Redundancy process was flawed, admits trust
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Burnley Health Care NHS Trust has admitted that the process surrounding the redundancy of Mr Ian Mahady was flawed and that an urgent review of the management structure is needed. This week the report of the independent inquiry panel, which the trust set up to investigate the circumstances of the redundancy, was published in full. This recommends that Mr Mahady should be reinstated as an NHS consultant and says that the management processes were inadequate, inappropriate, and often confused. The panel comprised two consultant obstetricians and gynaecologists, Mr Robert Atlay medical director, Liverpool Obstetrics and Gynaecology Services NHS Trust, and Dr David Warrell, chairman, Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Trust.

Mr Mahady, a consultant obstetrician …
The Clinical Evolution of Lyme Arthritis
Authors: ALLEN C. STEERE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

To determine the clinical evolution of Lyme arthritis, 55 patients who did not receive antibiotic therapy for erythema chronicum migrans were followed longitudinally for a mean duration of 6 years. Of the 55 patients, 11 (20%) had no subsequent manifestations of Lyme disease. From 1 day to 8 weeks after disease onset, 10 of the patients (18%) began to have brief episodes of joint, periarticular, or musculoskeletal pain for as long as 6 years, but they never developed objective joint abnormalities. From 4 days to 2 years after disease onset, 28 (51%) had one episode or began to have intermittent attacks of frank arthritis, primarily in large joints; a few had polyarticular movement. The total number of these patients who continued to have recurrences decreased by 10% to 20% each year. The remaining 6 patients (11%) developed chronic synovitis later in the illness; of these, 2 (4%) had erosions, and 1 (2%), permanent joint disability. The spectrum of Lyme arthritis ranges from subjective joint pain, to intermittent attacks of arthritis, to chronic erosive disease.
Letter: Metaclopramide and prolactin.
Authors: H W Ward
Journal: BMJ (1974)

<h3>Aims</h3> To evaluate the role of 17-β-oestradiol, oestrone and total testosterone (TT) deficiency in the pathogenesis of severe evaporative dry eye syndrome (DES), investigating the relationship between tear osmolarity, tear film break-up time (TF-BUT), Schirmer test and serum sex hormones in postmenopausal women. <h3>Methods</h3> 44 postmenopausal women were recruited for a case–control study: 22 women with severe evaporative DES (Group A) and 22 without DES (Group B). The tests performed included laboratory blood analysis: fasting plasma profile (17-β-oestradiol, oestrone and TT), glucose level and lipid profile. Detailed eye examinations, including corneal and conjunctival staining, tear osmolarity measurement, tear volume and TF-BUT, were performed. The Ocular Surface Disease Index Questionnaire was also administered. <h3>Results</h3> Values of Schirmer test and TF-BUT in Group A were significantly lower in comparison with Group B (p&lt;0.001). Serum levels of 17-β-oestradiol, oestrone and TT were significantly lower in Group A compared with Group B (p&lt;0.05). In women with severe evaporative DES, the levels of 17-β-oestradiol, oestrone and TT were inversely correlated with the tear film osmolarity (r=−0.7, −0.88, −0.81, respectively). <h3>Conclusions</h3> In postmenopausal women with severe evaporative DES, sex hormone levels are lower than control and that tear osmolarity is negatively correlated with sex hormone levels.
Community child care.
Authors: J. Parfit
Journal: BMJ (1968)

uncomplicated chronic renal failure without regular dialysis treatment.In 1954, however, Wheeler et al. reviewed 160 cases of gynae- comastia collected over a 10-year period.3Bilateral gynaecomastia was noted in four patients in whom chronic pyelonephritis or chronic glomerulonephritis was the under- lying disease.Hypertension and decreased renal function were present in three, and atrophic testes were noted in two of these patients.Although we have also observed gynaecomastia in the non-dialysed uraemic patient, its incidence seems to be greatly increased by maintenance haemodialysis.The resemblance to refeeding gynaecomastia is indeed striking.-Weare, etc.,
P1-202: Phase II study of Irinotecan (I) and carboplatin (C) with early concurrent radiotherapy (CR/RT) in limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) patients (pts)
Authors: Manuel Domine, Ana Leon, Victoria Casado, Gustavo Rubio, Mirian Lopez-Gomez, Carmen Arlanzon, Carolina Ortega, Natalia Ramirez, Francisco Lobo
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
TLR4 mutations (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile) are not associated with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: R Adam
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

Immunoregulatory genes and Gram negative gut bacteria are thought to be important in disease expression in ankylosing spondylitis (AS).To compare the frequency of two common and functional TLR4 mutations (Asp299Gly, and Thr399Ile) between patients with AS and HLA-B27 healthy controls.The TLR4 genotypes of patients and healthy HLA-B27 controls were determined using allele-specific PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Asp299Gly genotype was determined in 193 patients and 125 HLA-B27 positive controls and Thr399Ile genotype in 184 patients and 113 HLA-B27 controls. Allele frequencies were compared using a chi(2) test of association.29/193 (15%) patients with AS had a polymorphism in the Asp299 site compared with 18/125 (14.4%) healthy HLA-B27 controls. Of the patients genotyped for the Thr399Ile allele, 29/184 (15.8%) carried the polymorphism compared with 19/113 (16.8%) HLA-B27 controls. No significant difference between the frequencies of the Asp299Gly genotype or the Thr399Ile genotype between patients with AS and healthy HLA-B27 controls was found. No significant difference in allele frequency was found at either site.Two common TLR4 polymorphisms, which cause a functional deficiency in host immune response to Gram negative bacteria, are not overrepresented in patients with AS.
Multilineage dysplasia has no impact on biologic, clinicopathologic, and prognostic features of AML with mutated nucleophosmin (NPM1)
Authors: Brunangelo Falini, Katja Macijewski, Tamara Weiss, Ulrike Bacher, Susanne Schnittger, Wolfgang Kern, Alexander Kohlmann, Hans-Ulrich Klein, Marco Vignetti, Alfonso Piciocchi, Paola Fazi, Maria Paola Martelli, Antonella Vitale, Stefano Pileri, Miriam Miesner, Antonella Santucci, Claudia Haferlach, Franco Mandelli, Torsten Haferlach
Journal: Blood (2010)
Birth Order Among Medical Students
Authors: Sidney Cobb
Journal: JAMA (1966)

THE FACT that here are biases in the selection of medical students should distress no one, for everyone wants his physician to possess very special qualities of ability, responsibility, and personality. However, the qualities of our medical students are the outcome of a process of self-selection by the applicants followed by further selection by an admissions committee. This article attempts to clarify some of the factors that contribute to these selection processes, and thus aims to make progress toward the much-desired objective of getting the most appropriate students into medical school. Recently, Rosinski<sup>1</sup>pointed out that only 12% of medical students appear to come from the lower half of the socioeconomic scale, a bias which probably reflects mainly the effects of self-selection. The present contribution confirms this finding and examines in more detail the effects of two components of socioeconomic status, occupation and education, which are thought to be
Home Dampness and Molds, Parental Atopy, and Asthma in Childhood: A Six-Year Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Jouni J. K. Jaakkola, Bing-Fang Hwang, Niina Jaakkola
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Previous studies of how parental atopy and exposure to dampness and molds contribute to the risk of asthma have been mainly cross-sectional or prevalent case–control studies, where selection and information bias and temporality constitute problems. We assessed longitudinally the independent and joint effects of parental atopy and exposure to molds in dwellings on the development of asthma in childhood. We conducted a population-based, 6-year prospective cohort study of 1,984 children 1–7 years of age at the baseline in 1991 (follow-up rate, 77%). The study population included 1,916 children without asthma at baseline and complete outcome information. The data collection included a baseline and follow-up survey. The outcome of interest was development of asthma during the study period. The studied determinants were parental allergic diseases and four indicators of exposure at baseline: histories of water damage, presence of moisture and visible molds, and perceived mold odor in the home. A total of 138 (7.2%) children developed asthma during the study period, resulting in an incidence rate of 125 cases per 10,000 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI), 104–146]. In Poisson regression adjusting for confounding, parental atopy [adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.52; 95% CI, 1.08–2.13] and the presence of mold odor in the home reported at baseline (adjusted IRR 2.44; 95% CI, 1.07–5.60) were independent determinants of asthma incidence, but no apparent interaction was observed. The results of this cohort study with assessment of exposure before the onset of asthma strengthen the evidence on the independent effects of parental atopy and exposure to molds on the development of asthma.
Endarteriectomy, or Surgical Restoration of the Lumen of an Obstructed Artery in Arteriosclerosis Obliterans
Authors: A. NÚÑEZ NÚÑEZ, B. MILANéS, J. RODRIGUEZ IÑIGO
Journal: Circulation (1952)

Endarteriectomy is an operation originally proposed by Dos Santos in which a thrombus and the portion of the arterial wall to which it is attached are removed and the lumen of the artery re-established. The technic of this operation is described. Case histories of several patients illustrating the results which the authors have obtained are presented.