tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
General Practice in Europe
Authors: J. Fry
Journal: BMJ (1961)

Since even before its introduction in 1948 our National Health Service has been subject to more criticism and comment (more unkind than kind) than any other of our national institutions. In all this the G.P. has come in for more than his share of abuse. It has been implied that standards in general practice have fallen, that many more patients are being referred to hospital, that practice premises are poor, and that many improvements are necessary. As a practising family doctor in our N.H.S. I have never been convinced by these criticisms and for a long time I have wanted to go and see for myself how our methods of general medical care compared with others considered to be the best. The opportunity came with a World Health Organization Fellowship in October, 1960. I was able to spend a week each in Holland, Denmark, and Sweden, visiting family doctors and watching them at work; seeing what medical services were available for the ordinary man in the street and his family, and what preventive care was going on to keep them healthy; and observing the inter-relations between the general practitioners and the hospitals and the social services. The Countries The medical services of a country must always be related to social, economic and historical backgrounds. Holland, Denmark, and Sweden were chosen because it was considered that they had many points of similarity with Britain. All had a Western European outlook and culture. Economically there were close ties with Britain and the basic standards of living were very similar. There were also natural differences. All were very much less densely populated. The population of Holland is nearly 11 million, that of Denmark is 41 million, and that of Sweden 72 million (compared with 50 million in U.K.). Compared with our area of 93,000 square miles, the area of Holland is 13,514 square miles, of Denmark it is 16,608 square miles, and Sweden is 173,436 square miles. All are industrial and agricultural countries, but nowhere is there any industrialization as intense as in Britain. Apart from a marked absence of atmospheric pollution, the climate in all three is similar to ours.
Haemopoietic stem and progenitor cells in the treatment of severe autoimmune diseases.
Authors: A Tyndall, A Gratwohl
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

Haemopoietic stem and progenitor cells in the treatment of severe autoimmune diseasesThe physician who regularly manages patients with severe autoimmune and connective tissue diseases faces, from time to time, the dilemma of a patient in whom conventional treatment fails to control life or organ threatening disease.So called conventional therapy mostly includes high doses of corticosteroids and some im- munosuppressive regimen, usually cyclophosphamide.1
Can Practice Guidelines Reduce the Number and Costs of Malpractice Claims?
Authors: Deborah W. Garnick
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Practice guidelines have the potential to reduce the number of malpractice cases and the costs of settling them. However, for practice guidelines to exert any influence, they must be assumed to be (1) developed for conditions or procedures that frequently lead to events for which negligence claims are filed; (2) widely accepted in the medical profession; (3) fully integrated into clinical practice; and (4) straightforward and readily interpreted in a litigation setting. Because the validity of each of these assumptions can be questioned, the idea that inserting practice guidelines into the existing litigation process will generate large savings in the near future is overly optimistic.
Triptolide reduces proteinuria in experimental membranous nephropathy and protects against C5b-9-induced podocyte injury in vitro
Authors: Zhao-Hong Chen, Wei-Song Qin, Cai-Hong Zeng, Chun-Xia Zheng, Yi-Mei Hong, Yi-Zhou Lu, Lei-Shi Li, Zhi-Hong Liu
Journal: Kidney International (2010)
Anacardic acid (6-nonadecyl salicylic acid), an inhibitor of histone acetyltransferase, suppresses expression of nuclear factor-κB–regulated gene products involved in cell survival, proliferation, invasion, and inflammation through inhibition of the inhibitory subunit of nuclear factor-κBα kinase, leading to potentiation of apoptosis
Authors: Bokyung Sung, Manoj K. Pandey, Kwang Seok Ahn, Tingfang Yi, Madan M. Chaturvedi, Mingyao Liu, Bharat B. Aggarwal
Journal: Blood (2008)
RAPID DELIVERY IN ECLAMPSIA
Authors: R. Jardine
Journal: BMJ (1914)

R. Carmiclhael Worsley states that during upwards of twenty years of general practice he has treated several cases of eclampsia, and that he has now discarded such temporary measures as chloral and bromide, venesection and transfusion, etc., in favour of pronmpt emptying of the uterus.He advises the administration of a full dose of morphine, and if more than one fit has occurred, im- mediate dilatation of the cervix by means of a screw dilator, and delivery, even when the external os will only admit thle finger.
Adolescent Diabetes Mellitus: Parent/Child Perspectives of the Effect of the Disease on Family and Social Interactions
Authors: Janet E Ahlfield, Norman G Soler, Spencer D Marcus
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

To investigate the perceived effects of adolescent diabetes mellitus on family and social interactions from the children's and parents' perspectives, 50 teenagers with diabetes were studied: 21 from a private practice and 29 from a diabetes camp. Children and parents answered separately a specially prepared questionnaire dealing with daily life situations; the adolescents also responded to the Firo B questionnaire. On corresponding questions agreement between the responses of children and parents varied from as high as 86% to as low as 30%. Questions referring to the effect of diabetes on scholastic performance, concentration, and social life were associated with poor agreement. No correlation was found between the measure of agreement between parents and children on various responses and glycosylated hemoglobin determinations. The adolescents' perspectives were clearly influenced by sex and age of onset of diabetes. Female compared with male adolescents perceived significantly less effect from diabetes on scholastic performance and concentration, and the age of onset of their diabetes affected the measure of agreement with parents. In their responses to the Firo B questionnaire female diabetic adolescents differed significantly from norms in 2 of the 6 subscales measured, unlike male adolescents, whose scores were similar to those of norm groups. Male diabetic adolescents felt the most effect from diabetes on social life, scholastic performance, and concentration when they had developed the disease between 9 and 12 yr of age. Although the parents of this subgroup of adolescents underestimated these feelings, in general, parents of male and female diabetic adolescents perceived more effect from diabetes than their children.
Location, location, regulation: a novel role for β-spectrin in the heart
Authors: Kevin J. Sampson, Robert S. Kass
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Voltage-gated Na+ channels (VGSCs) are responsible for the rising phase of the action potential in excitable cells, including neurons and skeletal and cardiac myocytes. Small alterations in gating properties can lead to severe changes in cellular excitability, as evidenced by the plethora of heritable conditions attributed to mutations in VGSCs highlighting the need to better understand VGSC regulation. In this issue of the JCI, Hund et al. identify the ability of a key structural protein, βIV-spectrin, to bind and recruit Ca2+/calmodulin kinase II to the channel at a cellular location key to successful action potential initiation and propagation, where it can mediate function and excitability.
Do Mexican Americans perceive environmental issues differently than Caucasians: a study of cross-ethnic variation in perceptions related to water in Tucson.
Authors: Bryan L Williams, Yvette Florez
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Little is known about the environmental perceptions of our nation's Mexican and Mexican American population, especially in the area of water quality. We examined these perceptions to determine the extent to which Caucasians and Mexican Americans living in the Tucson, Arizona, metropolitan area differ in their perceptions of water quality-related risk, inequity, trust, and participation in civic activities. Ethnic variations in perceptions toward inequity, trust, and public participation were observed even when socioeconomic variation between Caucasians and Mexican Americans was controlled. However, significant ethnic variations in perceptions of water quality-related risks were observed only when socioeconomic variation was not controlled. Implications of these findings to environmental justice efforts in Mexican American communities are discussed.
Endoscopic Detection and Treatment of Early Esophageal Cancer: a Critical Analysis
Authors: R. Lambert
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

Early-stage esophageal cancer is almost asymptomatic. The endoscopic findings are minimal, and there is no esophageal stenosis. However, a risk of malignant propagation into vessels and lymph nodes is present in small tumors. Endoscopic destruction or resection should be performed only at the predissemination stage. We present here a critical analysis of whether endoscopic detection and treatment is feasible and efficacious, based on the pathology of esophageal tumors.
Growth advantage and enhanced toxicity of Escherichia coli adherent to tissue culture cells due to restricted diffusion of products secreted by the cells.
Authors: D Zafriri, Y Oron, B I Eisenstein, I Ofek
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

This study was undertaken to examine whether Escherichia coli adherent to tissue cells gain advantages over nonadherent bacteria due to their proximity to the cells. We used tissue culture cells and isogenic derivatives of a proline auxotrophic strain of E. coli that were fimbriated (Fim+) or nonfimbriated (Fim-), and were heat-labile enterotoxin producing (Tox+) or toxin nonproducing (Tox-). We found that the Fim+ bacteria; which were capable of adhering to tissue culture cells, initiated growth much sooner than did nonadherent Fim- bacteria; the adherent bacteria used tissue cell-derived proline, which was available at high concentrations only in the zone of bacterial adherence. Likewise, cyclic AMP secreted by adherent (Fim+) bacteria was maintained at high concentration on the tissue cell surfaces. As few as 2 X 10(5) adherent Fim+ Tox+ bacteria exert toxic activity upon Y1 adrenal cells, whereas toxin secreted in the medium by 6 X 10(6) Fim- Tox+ bacteria was undetectable. The results suggest that the growth advantage and enhanced toxicity of adherent E. coli is due to restricted diffusion of products secreted by the tissue culture and bacterial cells, respectively.
Recurrent thromboembolic disease following splenectomy for pyruvate kinase deficiency
Authors: Roger Chou, Thomas G. DeLoughery
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2001)

Abstract We report a case of recurrent thromboembolic disease and chronic pulmonary hypertension in an adult patient with pyruvate kinase deficiency who underwent splenectomy as a child. Thromboembolism has been reported as a complication following splenectomy for various hereditary chronic hemolytic anemias. To our knowledge, this association has not been described in patients specifically with pyruvate kinase deficiency. Our patient presented at age 37 with recurrent pulmonary emboli, 36 years after splenectomy for severe hemolytic anemia. Work‐up for other hypercoagulable states was negative. The mechanism for hypercoagulability in this condition is unclear but may involve a quantitative or qualitative change in disrupted thrombogenic red blood cell membranes that would normally be removed by the spleen. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for thrombotic events in these patients, as early diagnosis and treatment can reduce morbidity and mortality, and chronic anticoagulation may help prevent the sequelae of repeated thromboembolic events. Am. J. Hematol. 67:197–199, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Family and Past History of Mental Illness as Predisposing Factors in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Nigel McKenzie, Isaac Marks, Sheena Liness
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2001)

Family studies of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have given inconsistent results to date. Identifying predisposing factors in PTSD compared to anxiety disorders may help to clarify the classification of PTSD as a diagnostic entity.Retrospective case note study of 87 PTSD patients who participated in an RCT, and 51 PTSD patients and 87 agoraphobics treated routinely in outpatients.Compared to agoraphobics, PTSD patients had significantly less family history of anxiety disorder but not mental illness in general. They also had significantly less personal history of mental illness prior to the index episode.Trauma precipitated PTSD in subjects who had significantly fewer premorbid predisposing factors than did agoraphobics. Such factors may predispose agoraphobics to become psychiatrically ill after more minor trauma. Research is needed to systematically compare the events which precipitate PTSD as opposed to agoraphobia and other anxiety disorders.
Study of hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) mutants and quantification of HBV-DNA in tumorous and non-tumorous hepatocytes using laser capture microdissection (LCM)
Authors: Massimo Iavarone, Jean-Baptiste Trabut, Francoise Carnot, Dina Kremsdorf, Christian Brechot, Valerie Thiers
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Erratum: Corrigendum: A cooperative microRNA-tumor suppressor gene network in acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL)
Authors: Konstantinos J Mavrakis, Joni Van Der Meulen, Andrew L Wolfe, Xiaoping Liu, Evelien Mets, Tom Taghon, Aly A Khan, Manu Setti, Pieter Rondou, Peter Vandenberghe, Eric Delabesse, Yves Benoit, Nicholas B Socci, Christina S Leslie, Pieter Van Vlierberghe, Frank Speleman, Hans-Guido Wendel
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
Dietary Intake of Students
Authors: R. P. Cook
Journal: BMJ (1948)

<h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the hypothesis that a rule change can lower the incidence of concussions and other injuries in professional baseball. <h3>Design</h3> Retrospective review of professional baseball’s electronic medical record system. All Minor (MiLB) and Major League Baseball (MLB) teams are required to use this system. <h3>Setting</h3> Five full MiLB and MLB seasons in the United States and Canada. <h3>Participants</h3> All players in MiLB and MLB were included. The 30 MLB clubs have 750 active players and play 162 games per season. MiLB has approximately 7500 active players on 200 teams that play 56-144 games annually. <h3>Intervention</h3> Before the 2014 season, MLB instituted a rule limiting home plate collisions between base runners and catchers. <h3>Outcome measures</h3> All concussions and other injuries at home plate from 2011 to 2015 were analysed by mechanism and player position. <h3>Main results</h3> From 2011-2013, an annual average of 117 injuries occurred at home plate in both MiLB and MLB, with an average of 4823 days lost annually. An average of 13 concussions occurred annually in both MiLB and MLB. Following the rule change, in 2014-2015 there was an annual average of 60 home plate injuries with 1592 days lost. There were 6 MiLB home plate concussions in 2014 and none in 2015. There were no home plate concussions in MLB in 2014-2015 (p=0.07). MiLB and MLB combined for approximately 660,000 athlete exposures per season. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This rule change was associated with a strong trend toward reduced concussions and other injuries at home plate. <h3>Competing interests</h3> Mr. D’Angelo and Mr. Coyles are employed by Major League Baseball. Dr. Green receives payment from Major League Baseball for his role as Medical Director. Dr. Valadka is a paid consultant to Major League Baseball. The authors have no other disclosures to report.
Responses of the competent and incompetent lower oesophageal sphincter to pentagastrin and abdominal compression.
Authors: M D Kaye, R Rein, W P Johnson, J P Showalter
Journal: Gut (1976)

Responses of the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) to pentagastrin, given by continuous intravenous infusion in doses ranging between 0 and 9 mug/kg/h, and to external abdominal compression were measured by infused catheters in healthy subjects and in a group of patients with reflux oesophagitis. In separate experiments, pressures were measured both by sensors stationary within the LOS, and by repeated continuous withdrawals of sensors from stomach to distal oesophagus. In normal subjects, doses of pentagastrin within the physiological range (0.9 mug/kg/h) produced modest but statistically significant increases in LOS pressure. By comparison, sphincteric responses in patients with oesophagitis were small and a dose of 4-5 mug/kg/h was the lowest that produced a significant increase in LOS pressure. During abdominal compression increases in LOS pressure did not significantly exceed increases in intragastric pressure in either patients or normal subjects. This was so at all doses of pentagastrin that were tested. Hence, there was no evidence of synergism between the effects of pentagastrin and abdominal compression upon the LOS. We infer from our findings that gastrin does play a modest role in the physiological regulation of human LOS tone. Relative insensitivity of the incompetent LOS to pentagastrin represents, we believe, sphincteric muscle failure. Our results are not consistent with the hypothesis that LOS incompetence is due to loss or impairment of an adaptive response of the LOS to alterations in intra-abdominal pressure.
IMPACT OF CORONARY ARTERY SPASM ON FIVE-YEARS CLINICAL OUTCOMES: A PROPENSITY SCORE-MATCHED ANALYSIS
Authors: SangHo Park, Seung-Woon Rha, Taehoon Ahn, Won Yu Kang, Wonyong Shin, Dongkyu Jin, Byoung Geol Choi, Cheol Ung Choi, Chang Gyu Park, Hong-Seog Seo, Dong Joo Oh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Coating of intracoronary stents with AC133+ endothelial progenitor cells
Authors: Ralf Koester, Markus Guckenbiehl, Ursula Gehling, Sonja Loges, Wulf Ito, Jan Kaehler, Dieter Hossfeld, Walter Fiedler, Thomas Meinertz, Thomas Muenzel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Antihypertensive and Hemodynamic Properties of the New Beta Adrenergic Blocking Agent Timolol
Authors: JOSEPH A. FRANCIOSA, EDWARD D. FREIS, JAMES CONWAY
Journal: Circulation (1973)

The antihypertensive activity of timolol, a new beta adrenergic blocking agent, was assessed in hypertensive patients. In hospitalized patients timolol, 5 mg orally every 8 hr for one week, resulted in a significant although mild reduction of blood pressure with diastolic pressure falling from a mean of 101 mm Hg to 91 mm Hg. Heart rate and cardiac output fell while total peripheral resistance increased. The Valsalva response, the reflex tachycardia following inhalation of amyl nitrite and the cardiovascular responses to infusion of isoproterenol were significantly inhibited. Timolol also was compared to propranolol in a randomized double-blind outpatient trial. The antihypertensive and bradycrotic effects of the two drugs were similar. Heart rate was reduced 18% by both drugs ( P &lt; 0.05). Supine diastolic pressure fell 9% ( P &lt; 0.05). Unlike the short term effects of timolol, and in contrast to propranolol, cardiac output did not remain reduced after five weeks of continuous treatment with timolol. It is concluded that timolol merits further investigation as an antihypertensive agent.
Ethics and the Medical Record
Authors: Alfred I. Tauber
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters3 December 2002Ethics and the Medical RecordAlfred I. Tauber, MDAlfred I. Tauber, MDBoston University; Boston, MA 02215Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-11-200212030-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:These two letters are linked by the observation that my proposal to create a special section in the medical record for ethical concerns is only a preliminary step toward making moral issues more central to the care of the ill. I heartily concur with that judgment and hope that such an addition might be part of a more comprehensive reevaluation of how to better identify and address patient's ethical issues. Drs. Drehmer, White, and Schuster appropriately identify crucial educational interventions and rewards that would, if widely adopted, reenforce the empathy of health care providers. Aside from such measures, ...References1. Pelligrino ED, Thomasma DC. For the Patient's Good: The Restoration of Beneficence in Health Care. New York: Oxford Univ Pr; 1988. Google Scholar2. Kultgen J. Autonomy and Intervention: Parentalism in the Caring Life. New York: Oxford Univ Pr; 1995. Google Scholar3. Tauber AI. Historical and philosophical reflections on patient autonomy. Health Care Analysis. 2001;9:299-319. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Alfred I. Tauber, MDAffiliations: Boston University; Boston, MA 02215 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPutting Ethics into the Medical Record Alfred I. Tauber Ethics and the Medical Record Timothy J. Drehmer , Mary White , and Barbara L. Schuster Ethics and the Medical Record Fritz Baumgartner Metrics 3 December 2002Volume 137, Issue 11Page: 933KeywordsHealth care providersMedical ethicsTransplantation ePublished: 3 December 2002 Issue Published: 3 December 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
DUTY OF PHYSICIAN TO PATIENTS WITH PERINEAL LACERATIONS.
Authors: CLAUDE L. HOLLAND
Journal: JAMA (1905)

During my short experience as a practitioner of medicine few things have impressed me more than the great number of perineal lacerations in women, and no impression has been more profound than that made by the untold suffering endured and the physical and nervous wrecks found as a direct result of perineal lacerations, or of some of the numerous pathologic conditions attendant on or resulting from these conditions. Schroeder has shown that in primiparæ the fourchette is torn through in 61 per cent. of all cases; while in 34 per cent. of primiparæ and 9 per cent. of multiparæ the perineum is lacerated to a greater or less degree. The causes of these lacerations are variable, and the percentage of injuries may be somewhat decreased by judicious care in the management of labor, but with all possible care there will still occur a large percentage of injuries. Since we can
Paediatric resuscitation. Dosage inaccuracies may be dangerous.
Authors: M R Waters
Journal: BMJ (1993)

be made to the incidence of rheumatic fever or suppurative complications.'We sugest that much better evidence of benefit is required before the cost of antibiotics prescribed for suspected strepto- coccal sore throat is increased up to twofold (the British National Formulary (March 1993) gives the cost of non-proprietary amoxycillin 250 mg as 3 7p and of phenoxymethylpenicillin 250 mg as 1-7p).