tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Airway-like inflammation of minor salivary gland in bronchial asthma.
Authors: B Wallaert, A Janin, P Lassalle, M C Copin, L Devisme, P Gosset, B Gosselin, A B Tonnel
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

T-lymphocytes are important components of the inflammatory cell infiltrate in bronchial mucosa in asthma. Because activated lymphocytes migrate through the thoracic duct and the general circulation to remote glandular and mucosal sites, we initiated this study to evaluate the histologic abnormalities of a minor salivary gland (MSG) associated with bronchial asthma. Fifty-eight asthmatic patients were prospectively studied (37 women, 21 men; mean age, 54 +/- 6 yr). Twenty-nine patients had allergic asthma (AA) and 29 had nonallergic asthma (NAA). Results were compared with those obtained from 15 healthy control subjects and 15 nonasthmatic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). MSG was normal in 14 of 15 patients with COPD and in 14 of 15 control subjects. Forty-three of 58 (74%) asthmatic patients presented MSG abnormalities. These were significantly more frequent in asthmatics (74%) than in patients with COPD and healthy control subjects (6%, p < 0.001 versus asthmatics) and in NAA (97%) than in AA (52%, p < 0.01). The main pathologic features of MSG in asthma were T-lymphocyte infiltration (57%: AA nine of 29; NAA 24 of 29), partly degranulated mast cells (64%: AA, 11 of 29; NAA, 26 of 29), basement membrane thickening (64%: AA, 11 of 29; NAA, 26 of 29), and endothelial cell changes (26%: AA, one of 29; NAA, 14 of 29). Eosinophils were found only in two cases. Expression of ICAM-1 was demonstrated in nine of 16 patients with NAA, whereas VCAM-1 and E-selectin were negative in all of them.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effects of Isoprenaline Plus Phenylephrine by Pressurized Aerosol on Blood Gases, Ventilation, and Perfusion in Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
Authors: L. H. Harris
Journal: BMJ (1970)

The effects of a combined isoprenaline-phenylephrine inhalant in chronic obstructive lung disease were assessed in 23 patients. Significant changes occurred in blood gas tensions after inhalation, together with an overall improvement in ventilation/perfusion ratios. Cardiac output and physiological shunt were not significantly increased. Hence the addition of phenylephrine probably prevents the increase of hypoxaemia which may result from the disproportionate ventilation/perfusion ratio produced by sympathomimetics or xanthines used alone. The combination aerosol has a satisfactory bronchodilator effect, and is additionally safe if used by a severely hypoxic patient unaware of the seriousness of his condition.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN BURDEN OF ARRHYTHMIAS IN PATIENTS WITH TAKOTSUBO CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Sadip Pant, Abhishek Deshmukh, Kevin Hayes, Apurva O. Badheka, Kaustubh Dabhadkar, Tushar Tuliani, Hakan Paydak
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
SPIROCHETAL PULMONARY GANGRENE
Authors: B. S. KLINE
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Evidence is accumulating that pulmonary gangrene may be caused by spirochetes and fusiform bacilli aspirated from an unclean mouth, and that it may be prevented by proper oral hygienic measures. Furthermore, when the condition is once established, diagnosis can be made early by finding the organisms in the washed sputum, thus offering an opportunity for successful specific treatment with arsenic.  Little attention was paid to the possible etiologic relationship of spirochetes to bronchopulmonary lesions until 1906, when Castellani reported from India two cases of hemorrhagic bronchitis simulating pulmonary tuberculosis but caused by spirochetes. To the condition he gave the name bronchial spirochetosis. A year before, Rona, in Germany, in a report concerning spirochetes and fusiform bacilli, included a postmortem study of two cases of pulmonary gangrene; in one, numerous spirochetes and fusiform bacilli were found, and in the other, sections of the gangrenous lung showed many fusiform baccilli. In this
Experiences with the Repair of the Mitral Valve in Mitral Incompetence
Authors: G. H. Wooler, P. G. F. Nixon, V. A. Grimshaw, D. A. Watson
Journal: Thorax (1962)

This article examines the performance of alternative UCITS funds on the basis of manager offshore experience and, additionally, the existence of an “equivalent” offshore hedge fund. Managers with offshore experience are defined as management companies managing offshore hedge funds in addition to managing UCITS. For a sample period from 2008 to 2011, the authors find that such UCITS have a positive alpha, still with a P-value of 0.12 due to the limited size of the subsamples, which could provide some evidence of offshore manager added value. Among these UCITS, they identify further those that have an equivalent offshore hedge fund whose performance is replicated by using the same or a similar strategy, or through a swap. The authors find that “offshore-experienced” UCITS without offshore equivalents 1) exhibit no meaningful differences in mean performance compared to those with equivalents, but are 2) generally less volatile and show a positive significant alpha at the 95% level. Concentrating then on those with equivalent offshore hedge funds, the onshore-offshore comparison shows no significant differences in mean performance and volatility when they use equally-weighted indexes but an offshore outperformance when they do a cross-sectional study. The authors also find a sizable regulation-induced tracking error. <b>TOPICS:</b>Real assets/alternative investments/private equity, mutual funds/passive investing/indexing, developed, performance measurement
The notions of joint stiffness and synaptic plasticity in motor memory
Authors: Lev P. Latash, Mark L. Latash
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

We criticize the synaptic theory of long-term memory and the inappropriate usage of physical notions such as “joint stiffness” in motor control theories. Motor control and motor memory hypotheses should be based on explicitly specified hypothetical control variables that are sound from both physiological and physical perspectives. [HOUK et al.; SMITH; THACH]
N-Acetylcysteine Inhibits RhoA and Promotes Apoptotic Cell Clearance during Intense Lung Inflammation
Authors: Changsuk Moon, Ye-Ji Lee, Hyun-Jeong Park, Young H. Chong, Jihee Lee Kang
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)

The resolution of pulmonary inflammation seen in various inflammatory lung conditions depends on the clearance of apoptotic cells to prevent permanent tissue damage or progressive disease. Uptake of apoptotic cells by alveolar macrophages is suppressed by oxidants through the activation of Rho signaling.We hypothesized that antioxidant exposure would increase the ability of alveolar macrophages to clear pulmonary apoptotic cells through the inhibition of RhoA.The effects of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the pulmonary immune response were seen in mice treated intratracheally with LPS, LPS + NAC, or saline. Apoptotic cell clearance, RhoA activity, and changes in the lung inflammatory responses were analyzed in vivo or ex vivo.Neutrophil accumulation, apoptosis, necrosis, and oxidant production peaked at 3 days post LPS treatment. NAC enhanced the clearance of apoptotic cells and inhibited RhoA activity in alveolar macrophages at 3 days post LPS treatment. NAC suppressed LPS-induced proinflammatory mediators, enhanced the production of transforming growth factor-beta1, reduced the accumulation of inflammatory cells, and reduced levels of protein and lactate dehydrogenase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In the presence of ex vivo apoptotic cells, alveolar macrophages exposed to LPS or LPS + NAC had reduced tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels and increased transforming growth factor-beta1 levels. A Rho kinase inhibitor mimicked the effects of NAC on the clearance of apoptotic cells and the inflammatory responses.These results indicate that NAC can expedite the resolution of LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation through the inhibition of RhoA activity and the enhancement of apoptotic cell clearance.
Early-life wheeze: "the Child is father of the Man"
Authors: Ramesh J. Kurukulaaratchy, Sian Evans, S. Hasan Arshad
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

ADMA in the airways occur in acute exacerbations.It will be very interesting to see what future studies comparing the utility of biomarkers between different compartments will tell us about the role of ADMA in asthma.
L-selectin expression increases on peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes during active marrow release.
Authors: S Van Eeden, R Miyagashima, L Haley, J C Hogg
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The cell adhesion molecule L-selectin is highly expressed on mature bone marrow polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), and the release of these cells from the bone marrow could produce a population of circulating PMN expressing high levels of L-selectin. Because L-selectin initiates the interaction of PMN with activated endothelium, these cells could be important in the pathogenesis of multiorgan failure following sepsis and septic shock. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that the release of PMN from the bone marrow increases the expression of L-selectin on circulating PMN. Peripheral blood and bone marrow samples were obtained immediately after sternotomy (BM1) and during (BM2) and just before closing the sternum (BM3) in five normothermic and five hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) procedures. L-selectin was measured using both immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. The results showed that L-selectin expression on bone marrow PMN was greater than on peripheral blood PMN (p < 0.01) in all patients at baseline. Bone marrow release of PMN during normothermic CPB was associated with a rise in peripheral blood band cells (0.18 +/- 0.7 versus 0.56 x 10(9)/L) (p < 0.01) and an increase in the percentage of PMN expressing high levels of L-selectin (9 +/- 3.3 to 36 +/- 6.6%, p < 0.03) and the L-selectin mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) on PMN (p < 0.05). The expression of L-selectin on band cells was higher than on segmented PMN in the circulation (p < 0.01). Hypothermia (27 degrees C) prevented the release of band cells into the circulation and the increased expression of L-selectin on the PMN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evidence for increased media thickness, increased neuronal amine uptake, and depressed excitation--contraction coupling in isolated resistance vessels from essential hypertensives.
Authors: C Aalkjaer, A M Heagerty, K K Petersen, J D Swales, M J Mulvany
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

The functional and morphologic characteristics of isolated subcutaneous resistance vessels (about 170 micron i.d.) from 15 untreated subjects with essential hypertension and 15 matched controls were examined. The vessels from the hypertensives had a 29% increase in the media-thickness-to-lumen-diameter ratio. The maximal force development to noradrenaline (NA) expressed as active pressure (an estimate of the pressure the vessels could have contracted against in vivo) was 30% higher in vessels from the hypertensives, while active media stress (force per square unit of smooth muscle) and sensitivity to NA was not significantly different. Increased active pressure, as well as unaltered active media stress and sensitivity, was seen for vasopressin, serotonin, angiotensin II, and K+. There was, however, an enhanced leftward shift of the NA sensitivity with cocaine (an inhibitor of the neuronal amine pump) in vessels from the hypertensives [pD2(+cocaine) and pD2(-cocaine) were 0.185 +/- 0.53) and 0.040 +/- 0.044, hypertensives and normotensives, respectively, p less than 0.05] suggesting an abnormality of presynaptic function in essential hypertension. Furthermore, the calcium sensitivity was depressed (pD2 was 4.197 +/- 0.050 and 4.381 +/- 0.068, hypertensives and normotensives, respectively, p less than 0.05), and the rate of relaxation was faster (p less than 0.05) in vessels from hypertensives, suggesting that excitation-contraction coupling might be depressed. The results suggest that the increased pressor response in essential hypertension can, to a large extent, be explained by altered vascular structure, while smooth muscle function is either unchanged or possibly depressed.
Prospects for Expanding Health Insurance Coverage
Authors: S A Schroeder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

It should be a no-brainer. Every citizen of the most prosperous nation in the world should have basic health insurance. Yet lack of health insurance remains one of the most glaring examples of how the United States differs from other countries.1,2 Despite a robust economy, the number of uninsured nonelderly persons increased steadily in the 1990s, reaching 43.9 million in 1998 before dropping slightly in 1999, to 42.1 million (Figure 1).3 This welcome decline in the number of uninsured persons, however, offers no guarantee that the overall trend has changed. Health care costs and insurance premiums are once again . . .
Treatment of typhoid.
Authors: H P Lambert, J D Frengley
Journal: BMJ (1970)

I have a vivid recollection of one of my teachers whose habit was as I was about to divide the second cranial nerve in an enucleation to say, "it was the right eye, wasn't it, Payne?"One knew very well that he would say this, but it never failed to send a shiver down the spine, and I have always felt compelled to verify the laterality by all possible means in the theatre imme- diately before operations of this sort.-Iam, etc., I.
Genomics-Enabled Drug Repositioning and Repurposing
Authors: Aidan Power, Adam C. Berger, Geoffrey S. Ginsburg
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
162 A RANDOMIZED DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED, SINGLE AND MULTIPLE ASCENDING DOSE STUDY TO EVALUATE THE SAFETY AND PHARMACOKINETICS OF OCR-002 IN HEALTHY VOLUNTEERS
Authors: P. Jochelson, J.L. van de Wetering, J. Bornstein, M. Resler, K. Anderson
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Revision of the Code of Ethics.
Authors: A. C. Simonton
Journal: JAMA (1893)

<h3>To the Editor of the Journal of the American Medical Association:</h3><h3>Dear Sir:</h3> —While the question of the revision of the Code of Ethics is under discussion, and before the meeting of the Association in June, I should like, with your permission, to say a few words in relation to the proposition. Most of those who have written on this subject were, as we would express it in California, " forty-niners." They were in at the christening of the child, and what more natural than that they, as godfathers, should remain true to the trust assumed. If we examine this document critically, one of the best things that we can say of the larger part of it is that it consists of an extensive verbiage which, to say the least, is harmless. In fact, this is the best that can be said of the greater portion of it. No one will
Overlooked and underserved in Harlem: a population-based survey of adults with asthma.
Authors: Mary E Northridge, Ilan H Meyer, Linda Dunn
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

The prevalence of asthma has increased over the past two decades; if this trend persists over the next two decades, the number of individuals with asthma in the United States will double by 2020, affecting 29 million Americans. Many of these individuals will be adults. Recent community-based participatory research in Harlem has focused on children with asthma, but little is known about the prevalence and burden of asthma among adults. We conducted a population-based probability sample of Central Harlem adults 18-65 years of age from 1992 to 1994. Asthma was one of three ambulatory care-sensitive conditions surveyed. We used an additional set of questions regarding asthma management and burden for those respondents who reported they had asthma. The prevalence of self-reported asthma was 14% in this population-based sample of Central Harlem adults. Respondents with asthma reported remarkably high rates of emergency department (ED) visits for asthma, but women were more likely than men to report two or more ED visits in the year prior to interview (38% vs. 18%). Women with asthma were also more likely than men with asthma to report activity restrictions because of asthma (61% vs. 26%). The burden of asthma among adults in Central Harlem is considerable. We urgently need comprehensive health approaches to address the high prevalence of health risks related to multiple chronic diseases, notably smoking and obesity. Key priorities are to determine which community education, prevention, and promotion programs are most effective and will best serve Harlem adults.
Cough provocation with capsaicin is an objective way to test sensory hyperreactivity in patients with asthma‐like symptoms
Authors: E. Millqvist
Journal: Allergy (2000)

A group of patients with asthma-like symptoms and sensitivity to chemical irritants, but without bronchial obstruction, has been found among subjects referred for suspected asthma. They have no well-defined diagnosis, and no objective diagnostic method has previously been available. These patients are more sensitive to inhaled capsaicin than are patients with asthma or healthy controls. The aim was to study cough and other capsaicin-induced symptoms and to test the effect of a drug (lidocaine) that inhibits nerve transmission in sensory nerves.Twelve patients were provoked with three different concentrations of inhaled capsaicin solutions in a randomized, double-blind order. They all had asthma-like symptoms and were sensitive to chemical irritants, but had no IgE-mediated allergy or demonstrable bronchial obstruction. Before the provocations, the patients inhaled lidocaine or placebo (saline), also in a double-blind, randomized order. The results were expressed as the number of coughs and scores of various symptoms.The patients reacted in a dose-dependent way with cough, airway, and eye symptoms, which were significantly reduced after preinhalation of lidocaine.A drug that inhibits transmission in sensory nerves successfully blocked the number of coughs and other symptoms provoked by inhalation of capsaicin. This indicates that the mechanisms underlying chemical sensitivity in these patients may originate in the sensory nervous system, and we call this condition "sensory hyperreactivity".
Bones in Broadwick Street.
Authors: S. P. Chave
Journal: BMJ (1969)

failure of the valves.'This could not have been the sole cause, or possibly even the main cause.In each of the cases reported by Pierie et al. chemical analysis had shown the presence of substantial quantities of cholesterol and other fats in the silicone balls, and rosette type crystals were found in all altered balls.We have now examined several aortic prostheses removed at necropsy a few weeks after insertion, and in each case fat deposits in the rosette form have been seen on the surface of either silicone or metal ball (Figure x 285)..,.4-...
Abstract 4879: Distinct roles of p53 and p19ARF in MYC-dependent tumor oncogene addiction
Authors: Stacey J. Adam, Alper Yetil, Olivier Gevaert, Vladimir Jojic, Andrew Gentles, Dean W. Felsher
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a pediatric malignancy in which the MYC oncogene is frequently overexpressed. Although, T-ALL responds to standard therapies, in 20% of cases, treatment fails to induce sustained remission, resulting in reduced patient survival. Inhibition or restoration of the mutant gene products that drive tumorigenesis can reverse the aberrant cell growth and result in elimination of tumor cells through the phenomenon of oncogene addiction. In order to recapitulate tumor regression and recurrence, we have developed conditional mouse models of MYC-dependent T-ALL, thereby allowing for the investigation of therapeutic resistance. Recently, we have shown oncogene addiction in our MYC-driven murine model of T-ALL occurs through both tumor cell-intrinsic mechanisms, such as cellular senescence and apoptosis, and tumor cell-extrinsic, host-dependent mechanisms, including inhibition of angiogenesis, immune system-dependent tumor clearance, and autocrine/paracrine survival signaling. We now present evidence that loss of either p53 or p19ARF facilitates tumor recurrence through distinct mechanisms. p53 utilizes host-dependent mechanisms by allowing tumors to maintain angiogenesis, while p19ARF employs tumor-cell intrinsic mechanisms to circumvent senescence upon oncogene inactivation in vivo. To further interrogate the mechanisms that underlie p53- and p19ARF-dependent tumor recurrence, we performed gene expression analysis on MYC wild-type, MYC/p53-/-, and MYC/p19-/- tumors before and after MYC inactivation. Utilizing novel computational techniques to compare gene expression from our T-ALL cells to gene expression of normal hematopoietic differentiation from the Immunologic Genome Project, we have delineated the regulatory pathways underlying the effects of tumor suppressor loss in human MYC-driven lymphoma cells in the presence of targeted MYC-inactivation. We have also utilized expression analysis to establish gene signatures from unique to our MYC/p53-/- and MYC/p19-/- murine T-ALL models and shown them to be prognostic for specific human T-ALL subtypes, as well as patient relapse-free survival. Overall, we have utilized whole transcriptomic analysis to further define the underlying cell signaling by which loss of p53 and p19 facilitate tumor recurrence and demonstrated that loss of these tumor suppressors can predict outcome in human patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4879. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4879