tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Persistence of multiple maternal genotypes of human immunodeficiency virus type I in infants infected by vertical transmission.
Authors: S L Lamers, J W Sleasman, J X She, K A Barrie, S M Pomeroy, D J Barrett, M M Goodenow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

The extent of nucleotide variation within the HIV-1 env hypervariable domains serves as a marker of virus genotypes within infected individuals and as a means to track transmission of the virus between individuals. We analyzed env V1 and V2 sequences in longitudinal samples from two HIV-1-infected mothers, each with three children infected by maternal transmission of the virus. Sequences in samples that were obtained from two infants at 2 d and 4 wk after birth displayed more variation in V1 and V2 than maternal samples obtained at the same times. Multiple HIV-1 genotypes were identified in each mother. In each family, multiple maternal HIV-1 genotypes were transmitted to the infants. Specific amino acid residues in the hypervariable domains were conserved within sequences from each family producing a family-specific amino acid signature pattern in V1 and V2. Viruses that were highly related to maternal viruses in signature pattern persisted for as long as 4 yr in the older children. Results support a model of transmission involving multiple HIV-1 genotypes with development of genetic variation from differential outgrowth and accumulation of genetic changes within each individual.
Forced Expiratory Volume before and after Isoprenaline
Authors: K. M. Hume, B. Gandevia
Journal: Thorax (1957)

Improvement in the results of tests of ventilatory function in response to a bronchodilator drug, given by inhalation or by injection, is now widely used to indicate the presence of reversible " broncho- spasm" (Rossier, 1949; Gilson and Hugh-Jones, 1955; Kennedy and Thursby-Pelham, 1956).Fre- quent repetition of some of these tests in a small series of patients has revealed an interesting relation- ship between the initial values for the tests and the changes observed after the inhalation ofisoprenaline.
Amiodarone in Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: Gunter Breithardt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Two recent studies have suggested that amiodarone, a potent antiarrhythmic agent, is a promising drug for the treatment of ventricular tachyarrhythmias after myocardial infarction.1,2 The results of two additional studies of the use of amiodarone after myocardial infarction (the European Myocardial Infarct Amiodarone Trial and the Canadian Amiodarone Myocardial Infarction Arrhythmia Trial) will soon be reported.3,4 In this issue of the Journal, Singh and his coworkers report the results of the Veterans Affairs Survival Trial of Antiarrhythmic Therapy in Congestive Heart Failure.5 This trial examined the effect of amiodarone on mortality in patients with chronic congestive heart failure . . .
THE PLACEBO EFFECT IN THE HISTORY OF MEDICAL TREATMENT IMPLICATIONS FOR PSYCHIATRY
Authors: ARTHUR K. SHAPIRO
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

A brief history of the word placebo was presented and the placebo effect was defined. Characteristic examples of prescientific medical treatment were described. The following conclusions were reached: The normative history of medical treatment until relatively recently is the history of the placebo effect. Although physicians prescribed what we now know to be useless and often dangerous medications and procedures for thousands of years, they maintained their positions of honor and respect throughout history because they did help their patients. This was possible because of the potent placebo effect. The placebo effect is related to the doctor-Patient relationship and a number of other factors derived from this relationship. The placebo effect is maximized by the closeness of the doctor-patient relationship in psychiatric treatment. Therapeutic efficacy should be studied and evaluated in the light of the methodological principles stemming from this knowledge.
Guidance recommends asking pregnant women about mental health
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX 2) inhibitors should be used only as the last choice after other types of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to relieve chronic pain in people with heart disease or at high risk of it, the American Heart Association has recommended.Its statement, published online in Circulation on 26 February (http://circ.ahajournals.orgdoi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.181424), was designed to end any remaining confusion about the cardiovascular risk of these agents.The association has recommended a stepped approach to treatment.The first step should be non-pharmacological approaches, such as physical therapy and weight loss, for patients with known cardiovascular disease or with risk factors for ischaemic heart disease.Drug treatment should start with agents with the lowest reported risk of cardiovascular events, before other agents are prescribed, and at each step account should be taken of the risk-benefit balance.First line drug choices include paracetamol (acetaminophen), aspirin, tramadol, and short term use of other narcotic analgesics.If these fail to achieve adequate pain control, the next option is non-acetylated salicylates, such as naproxen.The association recommended NSAIDs that aren't COX 2 inhibitors if pain is still inadequately controlled, then NSAIDs with some COX 2 activity as the next step, and lastly COX 2 selective NSAIDs.The committee considered the risk of all three of these classes to be sufficiently high to require that patients taking them should be monitored regularly for sustained hypertension (or worsening of prior blood pressure control), oedema, worsening renal function, or gastrointestinal bleeding.See pp 436, 450. Save COX 2 inhibitors till last for cardiac patientsUK NEWS HFEA allows women to donate eggs for research, p445 World NEWS repeal law that puts "FdA on the payroll of the industry", p447 bmj.comUK government defeated on community treatment forms
Neuromuscular Function in Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: PAUL E. KAPLAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments and Corrections1 April 1976Neuromuscular Function in Secondary HyperparathyroidismPAUL E. KAPLAN, M.D.PAUL E. KAPLAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-84-4-498 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In a recent paper (Ann Intern Med 82:474-483, 1975), six cases of osteomalacia, or secondary hyperparathyroidism, or both, with evaluations of neuromusculature function were described. Several questions are appropriate.There is no evidence given that diabetes mellitus was excluded by the appropriate glucose tolerance test in any of the six patients. This would have been especially useful in Patient 1, who had glycosuria and renal tubular acidosis.Although it is stated that "motor nerve conduction velocity and distal sensory latency were normal in each of the five patients studied," no specific data are given for each of...References1. BRADDOMJOHNSON RE: H-reflex: review and classification with suggested clinical uses. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 55:412-417, 1974 MedlineGoogle Scholar2. GOODGOLDEBERSTEIN JA: Electrodiagnosis of Neuromuscular Diseases. Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins Company, 1972, pp. 139-156 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago Chicago, Illinois 60611 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1976Volume 84, Issue 4Page: 498-498KeywordsDiabetes mellitusGlucose tolerance testsHyperparathyroidismNerves Issue Published: 1 April 1976 PDF DownloadLoading ...
??Double Right Atrium?? Demonstrated by Radionuclide Ventriculography in Cardiac Transplantation
Authors: RICHARD E. STEWART, G MICHAEL DEEB, MORTON E. KALUS, RICHARD L. WAHL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Radionuclide ventriculography has proven useful in the ongoing clinical evaluation of cardiac function in orthotopic heart transplant recipients. Two examples of equilibrium radionuclide ventriculograms, one in a 49-yearold woman and the other in a 59-year-old man, both of whom underwent cardiac transplantation, are presented. A “double right atrium” is noted in both cases on the anterior views. This characteristic appearance is the result of the additive imaging of the residual recipient right atrium anastomosed to the right atrium of the donor heart as part of the surgical procedure. Recognition of this normal postsurgical appearance will help avoid confusion with atrial anastomotic pathology.
THE ASSOCIATION OF MEDICARE PART D ENROLLMENT WITH OUTCOMES AFTER ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: AN ANALYSIS OF LINKED ACTION REGISTRY-GWTG AND MEDICARE DATA
Authors: Abhinav Goyal, James de Lemos, S. Andrew Peng, Laine Thomas, Ezra Amsterdam, Jason Hockenberry, Eric Peterson, Tracy Wang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
My brilliant career as health minister
Authors: Deborah Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2007)

If newly appointed health secretary Alan Johnson is finding his ministerial portfolio daunting, he might want to try his hand at health policy planning on Fantasy Health Minister (www.policyforum.co.uk/game) before he makes any bold decisions.

Devised by the odd coupling of the New Statesman and Pfizer, this game gives you four sessions in office to make a difference to the health of the nation, while trying to balance your budget and improve your political standing. Popularity is rated by doctors, nurses, the media, your party, the opposition, patients, the private sector, and unions.

I decide to take the tack commentators suspect Alan Johnson will …
Former Roche employee questions marketing of oseltamivir to businesses
Authors: A. Jack
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A former employee of Roche has questioned the drug company’s sales practices for the antiviral drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu), as well as its efforts to maintain market share and tender for distributors for a broad range of products.

At Watford’s employment tribunal, John Miller claimed the UK subsidiary of the Swiss group had put pressure on sales staff to promote the blockbuster medicine osteltamivir to business continuity managers in companies keen to secure supplies of the scarce drug for private stockpiles, at a time of rising concerns about a flu pandemic.

His allegations came during his case to seek compensation for unfair dismissal, saying he was shifted internally and ultimately pushed out of the company because of his concerns over a series of …
Hyperlipidaemia in Asthmatic Patients Receiving Long-term Steroid Therapy
Authors: A. H. El-Shaboury, T. M. Hayes
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Plasma lipids were measured in 100 female asthmatic patients receiving long-term steroid therapy. A significant increase in the incidence of endogenous hypertriglyceridaemia but not of hypercholesterolaemia was found. The hypertriglyceridaemia was not due to obesity or diabetes. Neither the dose of steroid, duration of therapy, nor the addition of corticotrophin gel or depot tetracosactrin influenced the prevalence of hypertriglyceridaemia.
Paediatric Anaesthesia: Trends in Current Practice
Authors: Maxine T. Clarke
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This small (188 pages) volume produced under the editorship of two of England's most distinguished anesthetists presents selected topics in varying degrees of theoretical<i>v</i>practical emphasis. Ten contributors in addition to Dr Rees have written the book's 12 chapters, a situation that inevitably produces an uneven perspective in presentation, though— happily in this volume—a minimum of repetition. The editors state in their preface that this is not a textbook of pediatric anesthesia but is intended rather as a guide for the general anesthetist in dealing safely with "these often tiny" patients. To serve this purpose the material is not presented with sufficient specificity or organization to guide a practitioner safely through a pediatric anesthetic. Either a great deal is assumed in the practitioner's past training and experience, or he needs a practical supplement such as David J. Steward's excellently organized and comprehensive<i>Manual of Pediatric Anesthesia (JAMA</i>1980; 243:2095-2096).
Metabolic activity of erosions in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: P Pitt, H Berry, M Clarke, H Foley, J Barratt, V Parsons
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1986)

The hands of 10 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were investigated with diphosphonate scanning and radiology. Increased uptake of isotope can be associated with some erosions but not all and also reflects other processes more linked to acute inflammatory areas unassociated with the development of erosions. If the latter are the hallmark of active rheumatoid arthritis then bone scans are not.
Neonatal abstinence syndrome can be a problem
Authors: H. Mactier, L. McGlone, R. Hamilton, J. R. MacKinnon
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Farrell and colleagues note that in pregnancy “methadone (substitution treatment) is safe and effective in terms of consistently better obstetric and perinatal outcomes.”1 They indicate that the only complication for the baby is a risk of neonatal abstinence syndrome and suggest that this “can be readily managed with withdrawal management and …
Sensitivity of mammography depends on menstrual phase
Authors: K. Abbasi
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Mammography carried out in the second half of the menstrual cycle may miss breast cancer in women who have used oral contraception or hormone replacement therapy, a Canadian study shows.

Dr Cornelia Baines and her team from the University of Toronto examined data from the Canadian national breast screening study, which recruited 8887 menstruating women aged 40-44 years. They suggest that the higher risk of a false negative result on mammography …
IL-12 Mediated activation of cytotoxic CD4 T cells in acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Takako Nakajima, Amr E. Abbas, Stephanie Schultz, Kenneth J. Warrington, Stephen L. Kopecky, Robert L. Frye, Jorg J. Goronzy, Cornelia M. Weyand
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Epidemiology, antibiotic therapy and clinical outcomes of healthcare-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients: a Spanish cohort study
Authors: Jordi Vallés, Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Antoni Torres, Emili Diaz, Iratxe Seijas, Maria José López, Pau Garro, Carlos Castillo, Jose Garnacho-Montero, María del Mar Martin, Maria Victoria de la Torre, Pedro Olaechea, Catia Cilloniz, Jordi Almirall, Fernando García, Roberto Jiménez, Estrella Seoane, Cruz Soriano, Eduard Mesalles, Pilar Posada
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2014)
391. De Novo Human Artificial Chromosome Formation Is Predetermined by Initial Chromatin Assembly and Transcriptional Patterns after Transfection
Authors: Hiroshi Nakashima, Megumi Nakano, Ryoko Ohnishi, Yasushi Hiraoka, Yasufumi Kaneda, Akio Sugino, Hiroshi Masumoto
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

De novo, human artificial chromosomes (HACs) with no functional difference from native chromosomes can be created from transfected naked DNA in human cells. Because HACs can be maintained stably without integration into host chromosomes, have a much greater transgene capacity than mega bases, and are expected to have lower immunogenicity than virus-based vectors, they have great potential as vectors for gene therapy. However, how inserted transcribing sequences and their chromatin structures affect HAC formation is unclear. To investigate this, we constructed BAC-based linear HAC vectors having a common selection marker gene on the right arms and containing βgeo coding sequences with or without a functional promoter on the left arms. Although HACs were successfully generated in HT1080 cells from the vectors lacking a functional promoter on the left arm, we failed to generate a stable HAC from the vectors with a functional promoter on the left arm. Despite this failure in HAC formation, centromere components (CENP-A, -B, and -C) assembled at the integration sites that correlated with a transcriptionally active state of both marker genes on the vector arms. With the stable HACs, on the other hand, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that HP1α and trimethyl histone H3-K9 were enriched at the non-transcribing left vector arm. A transcriptionally active state on both vector arms is not compatible with heterochromatin formation on the introduced BAC DNA. This suggests that epigenetic assembly of heterochromatin is required to establish a stable HAC and that the presence of actively transcribed sequences around the alphoid sequences does not inhibit assembly of centromere chromatin, but does inhibit formation of necessary heterochromatin regions. These results will contribute to our understanding of de novo centromere formation and comprehensive design of functional HAC vectors for human gene therapy.
Muscular Subaortic Stenosis
Authors: Charles Pollick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

A quarter of a century has passed since Brock's original report1 of the condition characterized by asymmetric septal hypertrophy and a subaortic pressure gradient (muscular subaortic stenosis).2 The pressure gradient may be affected by changes in myocardial contractility, systemic vascular resistance, and ventricular volume.3 Propranolol has little effect on the pressure gradient at rest, but it may diminish the increment that occurs with exercise.4 Verapamil has a greater effect than propranolol in reducing the gradient at rest, although substantial gradients (>50 mm Hg) have persisted even after high doses of intravenous verapamil, and in one patient the gradient markedly increased. . . .
Receptor binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells, a novel regulator of apoptosis of erythroid progenitor cells
Authors: Takamitsu Matsushima, Manabu Nakashima, Koichi Oshima, Yasunobu Abe, Junji Nishimura, Hajime Nawata, Takeshi Watanabe, Koichiro Muta
Journal: Blood (2001)
Rehabilitation after Hindquarter Amputation
Authors: A. P. H. Randle, J. N. Wilson, W. H. Tuck
Journal: BMJ (1963)

FOETAL ERYTHROCYIES IN MAlERNAL CIRCULATION MEDABIoRNAL 1001 and delivery were normal, and examined for the presence of foetal erythrocytes.Foetal cells were found in 50% of cases.Parity, duration of labour, condition of the placenta and its method of expulsion, and the state of the infant at birth, as judged by the Apgar method of assessment, were found to have no influence on transplacental leakage.Large placentae appear to be positively correlated with escape of foetal cells into the maternal circulation.Foetal cells were found when there was ABO incom- patibility between mother and foetus, but less frequently than when there was ABO compatibility.The cause of transplacental leakage of foetal cells remains unknown.My thanks for the statistical analysis are due to Dr.
Clinicopathological characteristics, management and outcome of metastatic penoscrotal extramammary Paget’s disease
Authors: Y. Zhu, D.W. Ye, X.D. Yao, S.L. Zhang, B. Dai, H.L. Zhang, Y.J. Shen, H.R. Mao
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Metastatic penoscrotal extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) has seldom been reported in the literature.To improve the knowledge of the clinicopathological characteristics, management and outcome in patients with this disease.The medical records and pathological slides of 10 patients with metastatic EMPD and 33 patients with nonmetastatic disease were reviewed. Immunohistochemical staining for epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) was performed in the primary skin disease. All the 10 patients received 5-fluorouracil- or docetaxel-based chemotherapy.The most common sites of metastases were lymph nodes followed by bone. Patients with metastatic EMPD were more likely to be young and had elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels. Dermal or deeper invasion, lymphovascular embolization and negative expression of E-cadherin were important pathological predictors of metastatic potential. In invasive EMPD, lymphovascular embolization but not expression of E-cadherin was significantly associated with the risk of metastases. In three patients, (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) scans revealed occult lymph node metastases which were overlooked at conventional CT examinations. Two patients had complete response to the chemotherapy, three had partial response and five had progressive disease. The 2-year overall survival rate was 48% in patients with metastatic EMPD. In those patients with significantly elevated CEA level, the value of CEA paralleled the disease course.Metastatic EMPD tended to have dermal invasion and lymphovascular embolization. PET-CT scans were helpful in detecting distant metastases. 5-Fluorouracil- or docetaxel based-chemotherapy was effective in some patients. Serum CEA level can be a useful biomarker for monitoring disease course.
Patient education programmes for adults with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: R. P Riemsma
Journal: BMJ (2002)

As with other chronic diseases, no cure is available for most types of arthritis including rheumatoid arthritis. Furthermore, the course of the disease is often unpredictable, and the symptoms can vary from day to day or even from hour to hour. Because of the nature of pain and disability, the partial and inconsistent effects of treatment, and the unpredictability that people with arthritis face on a daily basis, education programmes for patients have become a complement to traditional medical treatment.1 These programmes have given people with arthritis the strategies and tools necessary to make daily decisions to cope with the disease.2 3

From the available literature, the effectiveness of educational interventions for people with rheumatoid arthritis and the clinical relevance of the benefits are still unclear. It is also unclear what specific types of educational interventions are most effective in improving health status for patients with chronic diseases.4Educational strategies can vary from the provision of information only to the use …
Characterization of the transcriptional signature of C/EBPbeta isoforms (LAP/LIP) in Hep3B cells: Implication of LIP in pro-survival functions
Authors: Gaëlle Saint-Auret, Jean-Louis Danan, Martine Hiron, Céline Blache, Eric Sulpice, Simon Tendil, Maryvonne Daveau, Xavier Gidrol, Jean-Philippe Salier
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Fluid shear stress induces endothelial transforming growth factor beta-1 transcription and production. Modulation by potassium channel blockade.
Authors: M Ohno, J P Cooke, V J Dzau, G H Gibbons
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

The endothelium has the capacity to modulate vascular structure in response to hemodynamic stimuli. We tested the hypothesis that exposure of the endothelium to increased laminar shear stress induces the expression of TGF beta 1 via a signal transduction pathway modulated by K+ channel currents. Although TGF beta 1 is normally secreted in a latent, inactive form, exposure of cultured endothelial cells to steady laminar shear stress (20 dynes/cm2) induced increased generation of biologically active TGF beta 1. This increase in active TGF beta 1 was associated with a sustained increase in TGF beta 1 mRNA expression within 2 h of stimulation. TGF beta 1 mRNA levels increased in direct proportion to the intensity of the shear stress within the physiologic range. The effect of shear stress on TGF beta 1 mRNA expression was regulated at the transcriptional level as defined by nuclear run-off studies and transient transfection of a TGF beta 1 promoter-reporter gene construct. Blockade of endothelial K+ channels with tetraethylammonium significantly inhibited: activation of TGF beta 1 gene transcription; increase in steady state mRNA levels; and generation of active TGF beta 1 in response to shear stress. These data suggest that endothelial K+ channels and autocrine-paracrine TGF beta 1 may be involved in the mechanotransduction mechanisms mediating flow-induced vascular remodeling.