tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Letter: Vaginal candidosis.
Authors: D C Speller, D W Warnock
Journal: BMJ (1976)

dying of coeliac disease and Addison's disease showed lymphocytes, mononuclear cells, and giant cells in her fibrotic adrenal glands; it is likely that she had sarcoidosis initially because she had earlier shown generalised lymphadenopathy and erythema nodosum.5 Five patients with sarcoidosis had adrenal failure," and it is interesting that coeliac disease is also occasionally associated with active tubercu- losis.7Chronic changes only were seen in the lung biopsy in the case described by Dr J Cummiskey and his colleagues (5 June, p 1401), and the immune response had faded after four years.But the pulmonary inflammation was still active in other reported cases.Three patients whose lungs were biopsied showed non-caseating granulomas.One of them, biopsied percutaneously by Mr M Meredith- Brown, had a positive Mantoux test, a calcified ring-shadow in the same lung, and bilateral apical scars.She also showed the cell-mediated immunity which is found in sarcoidosis, Crohn's disease, and BCG non-reactors."The syndrome may have therefore been caused by sarcoidosis in these three cases, and in one other.9The sarcoid agent may be a cause of "extrinsic alveolitis," but earlier and wider investigation of such cases is needed to prove this point.
Reduced Expression of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Pulmonary Arteries of Smokers
Authors: JOAN A. BARBERÀ, VICTOR I. PEINADO, SALUD SANTOS, JOSEP RAMIREZ, JOSEP ROCA, ROBERT RODRIGUEZ-ROISIN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Cigarette smoking has been associated with alterations in the structure and endothelial function of pulmonary arteries. Nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 are endothelium-derived mediators with opposite effects on vascular tone and cell growth. To investigate whether cigarette smoking could induce changes in the synthesis of these mediators in pulmonary arteries, we compared the expression of both endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and endothelin-1 in the lungs of smokers with that in nonsmokers. Lung tissue samples of 23 smokers and nine nonsmokers were studied. Expression of eNOS and endothelin-1 in pulmonary artery endothelium was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. In protein extracts of lung tissue, the content of eNOS protein was assessed by Western blot analysis and that of endothelin-1 by radioimmunoassay. The immunohistochemical expression of eNOS in arterial endothelium and the eNOS protein content in lung tissue were lower in the smokers than in the nonsmokers. No differences were shown in cell expression and protein content of endothelin-1 between both groups. We conclude that cigarette smoking is associated with reduced expression of eNOS in pulmonary arteries. The diminished synthesis of nitric oxide may contribute to the alterations in the structure and endothelial function of pulmonary vessels in cigarette-smoke-induced respiratory disease.
AN ASEPTIC PUMP FOR TRANSFERRING MEASURED QUANTITIES OF STERILE FLUIDS.PRELIMINARY COMMUNICATION.
Authors: A. PARKER HITCHENS
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Almost all the devices in use at the present time for filling tubes or bottles with definite quantities of fluid depend for the<i>vis a tergo</i>on the gravity of the fluid column. When wishing to depart from this simple method, as is sometimes desirable or necessary, one is confronted with several difficulties. To overcome these, rather expensive and complicated appliances are necessary, the manipulation of which requires considerable time. The pump I have devised was suggested by the respirator sometimes used by chemists when working with dangerous gases. The apparatus consists of two glass valves, a graduated burette, and a piston syringe. Each valve, A A′, consists of a capsule into which is fitted a very carefully ground stopper, B B′. These stoppers are weighted with mercury so that they will sink into place quickly and accurately. These valves are connected with the graduated burette as shown in the
Role of protein kinase C in regulation of gene expression and relevance to tumor promotion.
Authors: M D Johnson, G M Housey, C A O'Brian, P T Kirschmeier, I B Weinstein
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

The tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) has highly pleiotropic effects on cells in culture and on tissues in vivo, including effects on protein kinase C (PKC) activation and gene expression. In order to determine the mechanism of activation of gene transcription by TPA, DNA sequences whose transcription is modulated in cells undergoing a mitogenic response to TPA were isolated by differential screening of a cDNA library from TPA-treated cells. TPA-S1 corresponds to an mRNA species whose abundance is increased within 1 hr of exposure of quiescent C3H 10T1/2 mouse embryo fibroblasts. TPA-R1 corresponds to an mRNA species whose abundance is decreased in TPA-treated cells. The induction of TPA-S1 is blocked by actinomycin D and is specific for phorbol esters with tumor-promoting activity. The transcription of this sequence is not induced by cycloheximide, nor is there an enhancement of the TPA response. Several lines of evidence demonstrate that PKC activation plays a critical role in the regulation of TPA-S1 expression. The nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence of TPA-S1 exhibits homology with sequences representing a peptide with erythroid-potentiating activity, a metalloproteinase inhibitor protein, and a murine protein with beta-interferon-like activity. The role of TPA-S1 in tumor promotion is suggested by the expression of this sequence in mouse skin carcinomas induced by dimethyl-benzanthracene-TPA treatment, but not in papillomas or in control tissue. The consideration of signal transduction pathways may be useful in the design of short-term risk assessment assays for agents that act as tumor promoters.
New outcome measures are to be introduced in four types of surgery
Authors: A. Cole
Journal: BMJ (2009)

New standardised measures of clinical outcomes in the NHS, to be based on detailed information from patients themselves, are to be introduced across England from April.

The data, which have been hailed as marking a breakthrough in measuring the quality—as opposed to the quantity—of NHS treatment, could be used to assess clinicians’ and hospitals’ performance as well as to evaluate the success of different treatments.

Called patient reported outcome measures (PROMs), they will initially be introduced in four common forms of surgery—inguinal hernia repair, varicose vein surgery, and knee and hip replacements—where the measures have already been extensively trialled by the Royal College of Surgeons and the London …
Pulmonary function in adolescents with mild idiopathic scoliosis.
Authors: R J Smyth, K R Chapman, T A Wright, J S Crawford, A S Rebuck
Journal: Thorax (1984)

Spirometric indices, lung volumes, maximum voluntary ventilation, and maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures were measured in 44 adolescents with mild idiopathic scoliosis (spinal curvature less than 30 degrees). All were symptom free, but six (13.6%) showed a restrictive defect with forced vital capacity less than 80% of predicted. In 12 subjects (27.3%) maximum voluntary ventilation was reduced to less than 80% of predicted normal. Forced vital capacity was significantly correlated with maximum inspiratory pressure and with maximum expiratory pressure, measures of respiratory muscle strength, but was not related to the degree of thoracic curvature. When maximum inspiratory pressure and forced vital capacity were corrected for differences in body size these variables remained positively correlated, most significantly in the girls. These data indicate that ventilatory function may be impaired in mild, idiopathic scoliosis and that the force developed by the respiratory muscles is a more important determinant of this impairment than the radiologically determined degree of spinal curvature.
Ebbs and Flows in Medical Interest
Authors: Henry A. Christian
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

As one grows old in medicine, he recalls ebbs and flows in the tides of medical interest in various diseases, as evidenced by periods when many articles are published on some specific subject and other periods when interest in that subject seems to wane for months or even years. In the course of time one can even observe an irregular periodicity of these cycles and mentally plot curves of ebb and flow. The full cycle is occasionally as short as five years; occasionally it lasts ten or fifteen years, or even longer.It is stimulating to try to evaluate the . . .
Dr Wallaby. A parable for modern medicine
Authors: Anthony L. Rostain, Joel D. Howell
Journal: JAMA (1985)

YESTERDAY afternoon, just after I had finished with my last patient, a man burst into my office. Gasping for breath, he pleaded, "This is an emergency! Please see me immediately!" Before I could reply, he collapsed into my chair and began his tale of woe. "My name is William Wallaby. I'm a 45-year-old internist, and I'm sick. I don't sleep well. I can't concentrate anymore. Worst of all, I'm really starting to doubt my skills as a doctor." Dr Wallaby's only other complaints were headaches and low back pain. However, he admitted to overeating, cigarette smoking, and ocassionally excessive drinking. He exercised rarely, spent little time with his family, and almost never saw his friends. Suspecting that Dr Wallaby was depressed because of his work, I asked him to tell me about his life as a doctor. "After I graduated from medical school," he replied, "I did my time in
History of Nutrition
Authors: David Kritchevsky
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
South Africas HIV/AIDS epidemic may be flattening out
Authors: P. Sidley
Journal: BMJ (2002)

South Africa's HIV/AIDS epidemic seems to be flattening out, according to figures released by the national health department.

The government's much delayed annual statistical report estimates that some 24.8% of pregnant women attending antenatal clinics were infected with HIV at the end of 2001, compared with 24.5% in the previous year.

Slight decreases in prevalence were shown among teenagers, from 16.1% in 2000 to 15.4% last year.

The survey's authors say that the drop is not statistically significant, however, whereas they say that the substantial rise among women aged 30-39 is significant. Experts have questioned the reliability of figures showing a drop in prevalence in that age group in KwaZulu-Natal (the province with the highest prevalence rate in the country) from 36.2% in 2000 to 33.5% last year.

The sentinel population for the study includes pregnant women attending a public sector antenatal …
Endocarditis risk of the USCI PDA umbrella for transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus.
Authors: L A Latson, B M McManus, C Doer, K Kilzer, J P Cheatham
Journal: Circulation (1994)

The USCI PDA Umbrella is a device to close patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) by a transcatheter technique. Human clinical trials have shown excellent efficacy in reducing or eliminating the PDA shunt, but concerns remain about the risk of infection with this device. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk of infection using an animal model.Susceptibility to developing endocarditis was tested by injecting a single intravenous dose of group L streptococcus. Ten piglets with a closed ductus served as controls. Two of these developed valvular vegetations. PDA was produced in 19 animals by balloon dilation of the ductus. Seven of 7 animals with PDA at the time of bacterial injection developed endarteritis of the ductus and valvular vegetations. A PDA Umbrella was placed in the remaining 12 animals, and bacteria were injected 2 weeks after device implantation. Infection was evident in the PDA Umbrella only in the single animal in which the Umbrella had embolized and been left in the left pulmonary artery. Three of the remaining 11 piglets had a significant residual leak, and all developed infection in the ductus and an additional valve. Similar to the control group, none of the animals with complete (n = 8) or nearly complete (n = 2) closure of the ductus by the PDA Umbrella had infection in or around the ductus, and only 1 had a valvular vegetation.In this animal model, presence of a significant PDA shunt (with or without a PDA Umbrella present) results in significantly increased susceptibility to endarteritis and endocarditis. The PDA Umbrella device does not appear to be susceptible to direct infection as early as 2 weeks after implantation if it is properly located in the ductus arteriosus. Animals with no shunt or a trivial shunt are no more susceptible to developing endocarditis 2 weeks after PDA Umbrella implantation than are controls.
Challenges in Developing Evidence-Based Recommendations Using the GRADE Approach: The Case of Mental, Neurological, and Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Corrado Barbui, Tarun Dua, Mark van Ommeren, M. Taghi Yasamy, Alexandra Fleischmann, Nicolas Clark, Graham Thornicroft, Suzanne Hill, Shekhar Saxena
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

Corrado Barbui and colleagues describe their use and adaptation of the GRADE approach in developing the guidelines for the WHO mental health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP).
The Various Scintigraphic Patterns of Warthin??s Tumor
Authors: SAMUEL SOSTRE, LIANA MEDINA, GUSTAVO RAMIREZ DE ARELLANO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

The authors' experience with salivary gland imaging in patients with Warthin's tumor was reviewed and the scans correlated with the pathologic findings of each tumor in an attempt to explain the scintigraphic variants found. Most Warthin's tumors show increased perfusion on imaging. The predischarge static images have a low sensitivity, detecting only 33% of the tumors. Warthin's tumors may appear hot, warm, or cold on the predischarge images but invariably become hot in the postdischarge study, for a 100% sensitivity. Many tumors reveal internal warm or cold areas. These focal defects correlate well with the presence of intratumoral cysts. The presence of these mixed lesions should not lead the physician away from the diagnosis of Warthin's tumor.
Hypothermia in hypoglycaemia.
Authors: P J Hanson, L W Loughridge, B P Mulhall, D K Packham
Journal: BMJ (1984)

20%, and finally 500' glucose.He died suddenly one month after admission.Necropsy showed a massive pulmonary embolus and a carcinoid islet cell tumour of 2 cm diameter in the tail of the pancreas.
Laminin-111: A Potential Therapeutic Agent for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Sébastien Goudenege, Yann Lamarre, Nicolas Dumont, Joël Rousseau, Jérôme Frenette, Daniel Skuk, Jacques P Tremblay
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) still needs effective treatments, and myoblast transplantation (MT) is considered as an approach to repair damaged skeletal muscles. DMD is due to the complete loss of dystrophin from muscles. The lack of link between the contracting apparatus and the extracellular matrix leads to frequent damage to the sarcolemma triggering muscle fiber necrosis. Laminins are major proteins in the extracellular matrix. Laminin-111 is normally present in skeletal and cardiac muscles in mice and humans but only during embryonic development. In this study, we showed that intramuscular injection of laminin-111 increased muscle strength and resistance in mdx mice. We also used laminin-111 as a coadjuvant in MT, and we showed this protein decreased considerably the repetitive cycles of degeneration, inflammatory reaction, and regeneration. Moreover, MT is significantly improved. To explain the improvement, we confirmed with the same myoblast cell batch that laminin-111 improves proliferation and drastically increases migration in vitro. These results are extremely important because DMD could be treated only by the injection of a recombinant protein, a simple and safe therapy to prevent loss of muscle function. Moreover, the improvement in MT would be significant to treat the muscles of DMD patients who are already weak. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) still needs effective treatments, and myoblast transplantation (MT) is considered as an approach to repair damaged skeletal muscles. DMD is due to the complete loss of dystrophin from muscles. The lack of link between the contracting apparatus and the extracellular matrix leads to frequent damage to the sarcolemma triggering muscle fiber necrosis. Laminins are major proteins in the extracellular matrix. Laminin-111 is normally present in skeletal and cardiac muscles in mice and humans but only during embryonic development. In this study, we showed that intramuscular injection of laminin-111 increased muscle strength and resistance in mdx mice. We also used laminin-111 as a coadjuvant in MT, and we showed this protein decreased considerably the repetitive cycles of degeneration, inflammatory reaction, and regeneration. Moreover, MT is significantly improved. To explain the improvement, we confirmed with the same myoblast cell batch that laminin-111 improves proliferation and drastically increases migration in vitro. These results are extremely important because DMD could be treated only by the injection of a recombinant protein, a simple and safe therapy to prevent loss of muscle function. Moreover, the improvement in MT would be significant to treat the muscles of DMD patients who are already weak.
Immature dendritic cell transdifferentiation into osteoclasts: a novel pathway sustained by the rheumatoid arthritis microenvironment
Authors: Aymeric Rivollier, Marlène Mazzorana, Jacques Tebib, Muriel Piperno, Tarik Aitsiselmi, Chantal Rabourdin-Combe, Pierre Jurdic, Christine Servet-Delprat
Journal: Blood (2004)
The Tumor Suppressor Activity of the Lysyl Oxidase Propeptide Reverses the Invasive Phenotype of Her-2/neu–Driven Breast Cancer
Authors: Chengyin Min, Kathrin H. Kirsch, Yingshe Zhao, Sébastien Jeay, Amitha H. Palamakumbura, Philip C. Trackman, Gail E. Sonenshein
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Expression of the lysyl oxidase gene (LOX) was found to inhibit the transforming activity of the ras oncogene in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and was hence named the ras recision gene (rrg). Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is synthesized and secreted as a 50-kDa inactive proenzyme (Pro-LOX), which is processed by proteolytic cleavage to a functional 32-kDa enzyme and an 18-kDa propeptide (LOX-PP). Recently, the ras recision activity of the LOX gene in NIH 3T3 cells was mapped to its propeptide region. Here, we show for the first time that LOX-PP inhibits transformation of breast cancer cells driven by Her-2/neu, an upstream activator of Ras. LOX-PP expression in Her-2/neu–driven breast cancer cells in culture suppressed Akt, extracellular signal–regulated kinase, and nuclear factor-κB activation. Her-2/neu–induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition was reverted by LOX-PP, as judged by reduced levels of Snail and vimentin; up-regulation of E-cadherin, γ-catenin, and estrogen receptor α; and decreased ability to migrate or to form branching colonies in Matrigel. Furthermore, LOX-PP inhibited Her-2/neu tumor formation in a nude mouse xenograft model. Thus, LOX-PP inhibits signaling cascades induced by Her-2/neu that promote a more invasive phenotype and may provide a novel avenue for treatment of Her-2/neu–driven breast carcinomas. [Cancer Res 2007;67(3):1105–12]
Glucose inhibits myo-inositol uptake and reduces myo-inositol content in cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells
Authors: Masakazu Haneda, Ryuichi Kikkawa, Tetsuro Arimura, Kazuhiko Ebata, Masaki Togawa, Shiro Maeda, Tadashi Sawada, Naoki Horide, Yukio Shigeta
Journal: Metabolism (1990)
Review: Cytisine increases smoking abstinence
Authors: Erin Rogers, Scott Sherman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

ACP Journal Club20 August 2013Review: Cytisine increases smoking abstinenceErin Rogers, MPH, Scott Sherman, MD, MPHErin Rogers, MPHVA NY Harbor Healthcare System and, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA (E.R., S.S.)Search for more papers by this author, Scott Sherman, MD, MPHVA NY Harbor Healthcare System and, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA (E.R., S.S.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-159-4-201308200-02011 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationHajek P, McRobbie H, Myers K. Efficacy of cytisine in helping smokers quit: systematic review and meta-analysis. Thorax. 2013 Feb 12. [Epub ahead of print]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23404838Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Pulmonology: References1 Cahill K, Stead LF, Lancaster T. Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;4:CD006103. [PMID: 22513936] Google Scholar2 Walker N, Howe C, Bullen C, et al. Study protocol for a non-inferiority trial of cytisine versus nicotine replacement therapy in people motivated to stop smoking. BMC Public Health. 2011;11:880. [PMID: 22104038] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Erin Rogers, MPH; Scott Sherman, MD, MPHAffiliations: VA NY Harbor Healthcare System and, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA (E.R., S.S.) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 20 August 2013Volume 159, Issue 4Page: JC11KeywordsAdverse eventsDrug administrationFoodLibrariesNicotine replacement therapyPulmonary medicineSafety ePublished: 8 March 2020 Issue Published: 20 August 2013 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...