tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hepatocellular Adenoma: Relationship to Oral Contraceptives?
Authors: Jerald R. Schenken
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In recent months, numerous cases of benign hepatocellular adenoma have been reported.<sup>1-5</sup>It has been suggested that a relationship exists between hepatocellular adenoma and oral contraceptive ingestion, notably by the Committee on Safety of Medicine.<sup>6</sup> We previously reported three cases of spontaneous rupture of a benign hepatocellular adenoma,<sup>7</sup>emphasizing the diagnosis and potential for recovery in these clinical catastrophes. This correspondence is to record the contraceptive history in our cases: Patient 1, a 36-year-old woman, was taking oral contraceptives. Patient 2, a 24-year-old woman, previously took oral contraceptives but was two months postpartum at the time of rupture. Patient 3, a 15-year-old girl, never took oral contraceptives. Mays et al<sup>8</sup>have recently reported three cases of focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver in young women who had been taking oral contraceptives at the time of diagnosis. Review of our cases and those of
Familial Pheochromocytoma, Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma, and Parathyroid Adenomas
Authors: Edward Paloyan
Journal: JAMA (1970)

In a patient with bilateral malignant familial pheochromocytomas, medullary thyroid cancer, and parathyroid adenomas (Sipple's syndrome), high concentrations of calcitonin were assayed in the medullary cancer. A striking morphological similarity is noted between the medullary thyroid carcinoma and the metastases from the pheochromocytoma in this patient. The recently reported discovery of a calcitonin-like substance in the adrenal medulla and the morphological similarities between the pheochromocytomas' metastases and the calcitonin producing thyroid cancer are considered as evidence in support of the concept that this syndrome is a defect in a single (neuroectodermal) cell system.
A deletion in the gene for glycoprotein IIb associated with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia.
Authors: C D Burk, P J Newman, S Lyman, J Gill, B S Coller, M Poncz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

The platelet fibrinogen receptor is composed of a complex of glycoproteins (GP) IIb and IIIa on the surface of platelets. Deficient function of this receptor prevents normal platelet aggregation, resulting in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (GT). In this paper, we describe a black thrombasthenic patient who is either homozygous or hemizygous for a deletion within the GPIIb gene. Initial Western blot analysis of platelet proteins from this patient did not detect any GPIIb, but did detect small amounts of GPIIIa of normal mobility. Quantitation of vitronectin receptor (VNR) demonstrated that this thrombasthenic patient had approximately 1.5-2 times the number of these receptors per platelet compared with controls, a finding that has previously been noted in other thrombasthenic patients with defects in GPIIb. Genomic Southern blot studies demonstrated a deletion in the GPIIb gene of approximately 4.5 kilobasepairs (kb). Analysis of the isolated GPIIb gene demonstrated that the deletion begins between two Alu repeats within intron 1 and ends in intron 9. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies using platelet RNA and oligonucleotides directed to both the 5' and 3' ends of the GPIIb cDNA sequence easily detected GPIIb transcript, suggesting that the genomic deletion of exons 2-9 does not significantly decrease the level of the GPIIb mRNA. Sequence analysis of PCR-generated GPIIb cDNA showed that a cryptic AG splice acceptor sequence was being utilized, resulting in a transcript that contained a portion of introns 1 and 9, as well as having a deletion of exons 2-9. Unlike the GPIIb gene, the GPIIIa gene appears to be intact by Southern blot analysis. PCR studies using platelet RNA and oligonucleotides directed to the GPIIIa cDNA sequence demonstrated the presence of GPIIIa mRNA. In summary, the thrombasthenic state in this patient appears to be due to a GPIIb gene deletion resulting in an abnormal transcript and no detectable platelet GPIIb. Platelet GPIIIa levels were secondarily low presumably due to the known instability of GPIIIa in the absence of GPIIb.
Roquin-2 Shares Functions with Its Paralog Roquin-1 in the Repression of mRNAs Controlling T Follicular Helper Cells and Systemic Inflammation
Authors: Alvin Pratama, Roybel R. Ramiscal, Diego G. Silva, Souvik K. Das, Vicki Athanasopoulos, Jessica Fitch, Natalia K. Botelho, Pheh-Ping Chang, Xin Hu, Jennifer J. Hogan, Paula Maña, David Bernal, Heinrich Korner, Di Yu, Christopher C. Goodnow, Matthew C. Cook, Carola G. Vinuesa
Journal: Immunity (2013)
Low birth weight and risk of high blood pressure in adulthood
Authors: G. Gennser, P. Rymark, P. E. Isberg
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Hospital birth records were sought for 104 men from a pool of male army conscripts with “normal” or “high” blood pressure when measured at 28 years of age. Of 77 men whose birth weight and date of the mother9s last menstrual period before the pregnancy could be found, 25 had a resting diastolic blood pressure of ≥90 mm Hg. In 11 of these compared with nine of the 52 men with normal diastolic pressures their birth weights in relation to gestational age had been below the mean and 1 SD of a comparable Swedish population. The risk of increased diastolic blood pressure in early adult life was significantly higher among men who had been growth retarded at birth than among those whose birth weight had been appropriate for gestational age (odds ratio 3·63; 95% confidence interval 1·14 to 12·57). Being born small for gestational age may be a predictor of raised blood pressure in early adult life.
The rabbit dual coronary perfusion model: a new method for assessing the pathological relevance of individual products of the ischaemic milieu: role of potassium in arrhythmogenesis
Authors: M. J Curtis
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Study objective — The aim was to develop a new model for determining which factors associated with ischaemia and reperfusion are sufficient for arrhythmogenesis, and to use the model for examining regional hyperkalemia and K+ washout. Design and experimental material — Rabbit hearts (n = 150) were perfused with a buffered solution containing K+ in the normal range (2, 3, 4, or 5 mM). The circumflex coronary artery was perfused independently with a similar solution at a similar rate. A regional increase in K+ concentration was produced, followed by restoration of control K+ to mimic regional changes in K+ during ischaemia and reperfusion. Measurements and main results — Regional hyperkalemia (K+ = 9, 12, 15, or 18 mM) mimicked (concentration dependently) the known effects of regional ischaemia on the ECG in three important respects, producing ventricular arrhythmias, regional changes in ECG configuration, and regional alternans. The relationship between arrhythmias and K+ was bell shaped with a peak in susceptibility at 15 mM K+. Arrhythmia susceptibility was reduced and onset delayed by raising the K+ concentration delivered to the adjacent coronary bed. Arrhythmogenesis could be replicated in five or more successive runs in a single heart, indicating a lack of preconditioning. Readmission of control K+ (washout of high K+) mimicked the effects of reperfusion by rapidly causing new episodes of ventricular arrhythmias. The concentration depend ence of this effect was exponential, not bell shaped, with washout of 18 mM K+ most arrhythmogenic. There was no preconditioning phenomenon. Conclusions — Regional hyperkalemia and K+washout are factors sufficient to account for arrhythmogenesis during ischaemia and reperfusion, respectively. The new model is suitable for assessment of whether these factors are also necessary for arrhythmogenesis (by equivalent evaluation of other putative arrhythmogens).
Legal Abortion Mortality in the United States
Authors: Willard Cates
Journal: JAMA (1977)

As determined by the Center for Disease Control's epidemiologic surveillance of abortion mortality, the death-to-case rate for legal abortion in the United States for the three years 1972 to 1974 was 3.9/100,000 procedures. This mortality compares favorably with that from other commonly performed surgical procedures. Women who were older, were of nonwhite races, had the procedure in their state of residence, were at later gestational age, and who underwent intrauterine instillation or major abdominal surgery had the highest mortality. Duration of pregnancy proved to be the most important determinant of risk. Compared to mortality from pregnancy and childbirth, legal abortion in the first trimester was almost nine times safer. (<i>JAMA</i>237:452-455, 1977)
Withdrawal From Diazepam
Authors: Arthur Rifkin
Journal: JAMA (1977)

ABSTRACT To the Editor.— Arthur Ecker, MD, commented (237:765, 1977) on our letter (236:2172, 1976) on grand mal convulsions, which we ascribed to abrupt withdrawal from diazepam; he postulated an alternative diagnosis of stress convulsions. The reference he provided to this condition (Arch Neurol 31:155-159, 1974) defined it as epileptic attacks in persons who have not previously had unprovoked epileptic attacks, and who during the period immediately prior to the attack were exposed to stress such as lack of sleep, emotional stress, or somatic or intellectual overexertion. Convulsions owing to alcohol or drug abuse were excluded. Thus, by definition our patient would not receive such a diagnosis if one believes that the exposure to diazepam was drug abuse; conversely, the definition would fit if our assumption was otherwise. It is not crucial for our point, but according to our ability to discriminate, the patient was not under unusual stress. The two
Simvastatin and Niacin, Antioxidant Vitamins, or the Combination for the Prevention of Coronary Disease
Authors: B. Greg Brown, Xue-Qiao Zhao, Alan Chait, Lloyd D. Fisher, Marian C. Cheung, Josh S. Morse, Alice A. Dowdy, Emily K. Marino, Edward L. Bolson, Petar Alaupovic, Jiri Frohlich, Leny Serafini, Ellen Huss-Frechette, Shari Wang, Debbie DeAngelis, Arthur Dodek, John J. Albers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Both lipid-modifying therapy and antioxidant vitamins are thought to have benefit in patients with coronary disease. We studied simvastatin-niacin and antioxidant-vitamin therapy, alone and together, for cardiovascular protection in patients with coronary disease and low plasma levels of HDL.In a three-year, double-blind trial, 160 patients with coronary disease, low HDL cholesterol levels and normal LDL cholesterol levels were randomly assigned to receive one of four regimens: simvastatin plus niacin, vitamins, simvastatin-niacin plus antioxidants; or placebos. The end points were arteriographic evidence of a change in coronary stenosis and the occurrence of a first cardiovascular event (death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or revascularization).The mean levels of LDL and HDL cholesterol were unaltered in the antioxidant group and the placebo group; these levels changed substantially (by -42 percent and +26 percent, respectively) in the simvastatin-niacin group. The protective increase in HDL2 with simvastatin plus niacin was attenuated by concurrent therapy with antioxidants. The average stenosis progressed by 3.9 percent with placebos, 1.8 percent with antioxidants (P=0.16 for the comparison with the placebo group), and 0.7 percent with simvastatin-niacin plus antioxidants (P=0.004) and regressed by 0.4 percent with simvastatin-niacin alone (P<0.001). The frequency of the clinical end point was 24 percent with placebos; 3 percent with simvastatin-niacin alone; 21 percent in the antioxidant-therapy group; and 14 percent in the simvastatin-niacin-plus-antioxidants group.Simvastatin plus niacin provides marked clinical and angiographically measurable benefits in patients with coronary disease and low HDL levels. The use of antioxidant vitamins in this setting must be questioned.
The Mitchell Lecture ON TUBERCULOSIS OF THE LARYNX: ITS SIGNIFICANCE TO THE PHYSICIAN: Deliverd before the Royal College of Physicians of London, November 6th, 1924
Authors: S. Thomson
Journal: BMJ (1924)

IT w-ould not be an exaggerationi to say that to-day, in England and Wales, tllere are 106,990 individuals afflicte(d with tuberculosis of the laryinx.This figure is arrived at in the following maniner: In the year 1923 the deaths from pulmonary tuberculosis amounited to 32,097.*Now, statisticians are of opinion that for every single case which succumbs durinig a year there are teni others still suffering from it; tllis gives us 320,670 as the niumber of consumpti-e invalids in one year.Of these 320,970 patients the l)ro- portion who must have a larynigeal complication is at least one in three; andl so we arrive at 106,990 as a modest estimate of the niumber of those 'whlo, in this country to-day, require relief or cure for tuberculosis of the larynx.Of every ten persons born one is going to die of tuberculosis, ald, as a rule, lie will succumb wlhile in the prime of life.Tuberculosis is the most importanit disease with whiclh humanity lhas to cope.There is nio otlher specific disease so common in the larynx.As the 106,990 cases in this country to-day must look prinicipally to the physiciani for guiidance and help, it is well worth whlile considering wlhat assistance in his task can be offered by a larynigologist who, during a period of ten years, has carefully watched the progress of 477 inistances of laryngeal disease, in 2,541 patients with piulmolnary tuberculosis.'Proportion of Laryn geal Cascs in Pubnmonary Tuibercuilosis.
Anxiety Is a Good Indicator for Somatic Symptom Reduction through Behavioral Medicine Intervention in a Mind/Body Medicine Clinic
Authors: Mutsuhiro Nakao, Gregory Fricchione, Patricia Myers, Patricia C. Zuttermeister, Margaret Baim, Carol Lynn Mandle, Cynthia Medich, Carol L. Wells-Federman, Patricia Martin Arcari, Margaret Ennis, Arthur J. Barsky, Herbert Benson
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2001)

This study examined the effect of anxiety on symptom reduction through a behavioral medicine intervention in a Mind/Body Medicine Clinic.Participants were 1,312 outpatients attending a 10-week behavioral medicine intervention which included training in the relaxation response, cognitive restructuring, exercise and nutrition. All of the patients had physical symptoms and were referred to the clinic by their physician. The Medical Symptom Checklist (12 major symptoms), Symptom Checklist 90 Revised (SCL-90R), Stress Perception Scale and the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile were administered before and after the program.Of the sample, 1,012 patients completed the program, and 911 completed the posttreatment assessment. Self-reported frequency of medical symptoms, degree of discomfort and interference with daily activities were significantly reduced as a result of the program. Anxiety and other psychological distress as measured by the SCL-90R and stress perception scales also showed significant reductions. Furthermore, health-promoting lifestyle functioning significantly improved. High levels of pretreatment anxiety predicted a decrease in the total number of medical symptoms endorsed.Behavioral medicine interventions are effective in reducing medical symptoms coinciding with improvement in anxiety. High anxiety at program entry may predict better outcome.
The Clinical Validity of Normal Compression Ultrasonography in Outpatients Suspected of Having Deep Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Brian G. Birdwell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Background: Ultrasonography using vein compression accurately detects proximal deep venous thrombosis in symptomatic outpatients. Repeated testing is required for patients with normal results at presentation, but the optimal management of such patients is uncertain. Objective: To test the safety of withholding anticoagulation in outpatients suspected of having first-episode deep venous thrombosis who have normal results on simplified compression ultrasonography at presentation and on a single repeated test done 5 to 7 days later. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Noninvasive vascular laboratories at a university teaching hospital and a Veterans Administration medical center. Patients: 405 consecutive outpatients suspected of having first-episode deep venous thrombosis. Intervention: Ultrasonography was performed at presentation. The common femoral and popliteal veins were assessed for compressibility. If the result was normal, anticoagulation was withheld and testing was repeated 5 to 7 days later. Anticoagulation was withheld from all patients whose results remained normal according to compression ultrasonography, regardless of their symptoms. The safety of this approach was tested by follow-up lasting 3 months. Measurements: Objective testing was done during follow-up in all patients with symptoms or signs of venous thromboembolism. The outcome measure was symptomatic venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism during follow-up, confirmed by objective testing. Results: Ultrasonography had normal results in 335 patients (83%) and abnormal results in 70 (17%). None of the patients with normal results died of pulmonary embolism. Venous thromboembolism occurred during follow-up in 2 patients with normal ultrasonographic results (0.6% [95% CI, 0.07% to 2.14%]) and in 4 patients with abnormal results (5.7% [CI, 1.58% to 13.99%]) (P = 0.009). Conclusions: It is safe to withhold anticoagulation in outpatients suspected of having first-episode deep venous thrombosis if results of simplified compression ultrasonography are normal at presentation and on a single repeated test done 5 to 7 days later.
Mediators of the association between pre-eclampsia and cerebral palsy: population based cohort study
Authors: K. M. Strand, R. Heimstad, A.-C. Iversen, R. Austgulen, S. Lydersen, G. L. Andersen, L. M. Irgens, T. Vik
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Objective</b> To test the hypothesis that pre-eclampsia is a risk factor for cerebral palsy mediated through preterm birth and being born small for gestational age. <b>Design</b> Population based cohort study. <b>Setting</b> Clinical data from the Norwegian Cerebral Palsy Registry were linked with perinatal data prospectively recorded by the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. <b>Participants</b> All singleton babies who survived the neonatal period during 1996-2006 (849 children with cerebral palsy and 616 658 control children). <b>Main outcome measures</b> Cerebral palsy and cerebral palsy subtypes. <b>Results</b> Children exposed to pre-eclampsia had an excess risk of cerebral palsy (unadjusted odds ratio 2.5, 95% confidence interval 2.0 to 3.2) compared with unexposed children. Among children born at term (≥37 weeks), exposure to pre-eclampsia was not associated with an excess risk of cerebral palsy in babies not born small for gestational age (1.2, 0.7 to 2.0), whereas children exposed to pre-eclampsia and born small for gestational age had a significantly increased risk of cerebral palsy (3.2, 1.5 to 6.7). Non-small for gestational age babies born very preterm (&lt;32 weeks) and exposed to pre-eclampsia had a reduced risk of cerebral palsy compared with unexposed children born at the same gestational age (0.5, 0.3 to 0.8), although the risk was not statistically significantly reduced among children exposed to pre-eclampsia and born small for gestational age (0.7, 0.4 to 1.3). Exposure to pre-eclampsia was not associated with a specific cerebral palsy subtype. <b>Conclusions</b> Exposure to pre-eclampsia was associated with an increased risk of cerebral palsy, and this association was mediated through the children being born preterm or small for gestational age, or both. Among children born at term, pre-eclampsia was a risk factor for cerebral palsy only when the children were small for gestational age.
Interventional Radiological Treatments Tested
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

INTERVENTIONAL radiologists continue to set their sights on a widening variety of medical problems they hope can be effectively treated using new techniques that are less invasive than surgery. The results of clinical studies of several such new procedures were reported at the 22nd annual scientific meeting of the Society of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology (SCVIR), in Washington, DC, in March.  Among the procedures were nonsurgical methods to treat infected spinal discs, uterine fibroid tumors, and end-stage liver disease in patients with cystic fibrosis and to repair ruptured aortic aneurysms and damaged spleens. While the results of the small trials look promising, most of the researchers cautioned that larger and longer follow-up studies are needed, particularly randomized trials to compare the outcomes of the new procedures with those of conventional surgical techniques.  Patching Ruptured Aortas  Patients who present with a ruptured aortic aneurysm have a high risk of not surviving
Whiplash Injury and Chronic Neck Pain
Authors: Simon Carette
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Whiplash injuries occur in more than 1 million people in the United States every year1. Although the majority become asymptomatic in a matter of weeks to a few months, 20 to 40 percent have symptoms that are sometimes debilitating and persist for years. This so-called late whiplash syndrome has become one of the most controversial conditions in medicine. Some attribute the persistent symptoms to unresolved injury, whereas others attribute them to underlying psychological factors or the possibility of financial gain.The facts are scant on both sides. A whiplash injury is typically defined as an injury to the cervical . . .
Levels of methyleugenol in a subset of adults in the general U.S. population as determined by high resolution mass spectrometry.
Authors: D B Barr, J R Barr, S L Bailey, C R Lapeza, M D Beeson, S P Caudill, V L Maggio, A Schecter, S A Masten, G W Lucier, L L Needham, E J Sampson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

We developed a sensitive and accurate analytical method for quantifying methyleugenol (ME) in human serum. Our method uses a simple solid-phase extraction followed by a highly specific analysis using isotope dilution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Our method is very accurate; its limit of detection is 3.1 pg/g and its average coefficient of variation is 14% over a 200-pg/g range. We applied this method to measure serum ME concentrations in adults in the general U.S. population. ME was detected in 98% of our samples, with a mean ME concentration of 24 pg/g (range < 3.1-390 pg/g). Lipid adjustment of the data did not alter the distribution. Bivariate and multivariate analyses using selected demographic variables showed only marginal relationships between race/ethnicity and sex/fasting status with serum ME concentrations. Although no demographic variable was a good predictor of ME exposure or dose, our data indicate prevalent exposure of U.S. adults to ME. Detailed pharmacokinetic studies are required to determine the relationship between ME intake and human serum ME concentrations.
Prolonged vitamin D deficiency and autonomous hyperparathyroidism
Authors: A H Sultan, F E Bruckner, J B Eastwood
Journal: BMJ (1989)

In my hospital epidurals are available virtually on demand and are encouraged for instrumental deliveries.It is interesting that only a quarter of the 1000 women delivered each year have chosen to avail themselves of this facility.E-pidurals are ideal for complicated cases, but I would not recommend them as a first choice for analgesia in labour when safer and simpler methods exist.
922 MULTIPOTENT STEM CELLS RESIDE IN HUMAN EXTRAHEPATIC BILE DUCTS AND CAN GIVE RISE TO HEPATOCYTES, CHOLANGIOCYTES AND PANCREATIC ISLET CELLS
Authors: V. Cardinale, Y. Wang, G. Carpino, M. Gatto, G. Mendel, G. Mennini, M. Rossi, P.B. Berloco, E. Gaudio, L.M. Reid, D. Alvaro
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)