tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changes in angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in lungs damaged by the pyrrolizidine alkaloid monocrotaline.
Authors: W M Lafranconi, R J Huxtable
Journal: Thorax (1983)

Administration of monocrotaline, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid, to male Sprague-Dawley rats for up to three weeks increased dry lung weights by 64% and reduced the specific activity of lung angiotensin-converting enzyme activity by 64%. When the total activity per lung is calculated, however, there is no significant difference between control and monocrotaline-treated animals. The decrease in specific activity is due to increase in total lung protein (52% above control) and not to an actual reduction in the total angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in th lung.
Subjective Quality of Life: Its Relationship with Clinician-Rated and Patient-Rated Psychopathology
Authors: Antonio Lasalvia, Mirella Ruggeri, Nazario Santolini
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2002)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; The study compared clinician-rated and patient-rated psychopathology and analysed their relationship with subjective quality of life (QoL) in a sample of patients with a wide range of psychiatric conditions attending a community-based mental health service. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; In the context of the South-Verona Outcome Project (SVOP), 139 patients were assessed for both clinician-rated and self-rated psychopathology (by using respectively the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the revised version of the Symptom Checklist 90), and asked to report on their subjective quality of life (by using the Lancashire Quality of Life Profile). In order to explore the associations between psychopathology and subjective QoL bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; BPRS and SCL-90-R were poorly correlated, both in their total scores and in their various dimension scores. BPRS showed only a modest negative correlation with LQL, which, in contrast, was highly negatively correlated with SCL-90-R. Regression analyses showed that patient-rated psychopathology was the strongest predictor of subjective quality of life, with self-rated depressive symptoms and self-reported paranoid ideation having the highest predictive power. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; Self-reported psychological distress is more important than clinician-rated symptom severity in predicting subjective QoL. In order to improve QoL, psychiatric treatment should focus not only on simple reduction of symptoms but also on patients’ subjective psychological distress.
Retrieval of intragastric balloon used to treat obesity
Authors: J. Dib, D. Bandres
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Although various other endoscopic bariatric procedures are being developed, the BioEnterics intragastric balloon (BIB) still has the potential to improve quality of life and co-morbidity in nonmorbidly obese patients or in those who are unwilling to undergo bariatric surgery, as recently stated by Tsesmeli & Coumaros in this journal [1]. It should be mentioned that retrieval of the BIB has proved to be a difficult task at times, even though instruments specifically designed for this purpose are available. The difficulty seems to increase in proportion to the length of time that the device has been in the gastric cavity. The manufacturers of the BIB explicitly state: "The balloon currently can be used for six months. Longer periods of use are not recommended. Over time the acidic content of the stomach will weaken the balloon material …" [2]. In our practice we have encountered patients who for diverse reasons have come for balloon retrieval after a longer period than recommended. In this group of patients it has been noted, although still only anecdotally, that retrieval has been more difficult than in patients who comply with the 6-month recommendation.
Effects of immune complexes from SLE patients on human monocyte locomotion and Fc receptor function.
Authors: K Lukacs, M Kavai, A Banyai, I Sonkoly, E Vegh, G Szabo, G Szegedi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

The effect of immune complexes (IC) isolated from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) sera with polyethylene glycol and gel filtration on the chemotaxis and Fc receptor function of healthy monocytes was examined. Even at a low protein concentration (1 microgram/ml = 1 mg/l) ICs inhibit monocyte chemotaxis. ICs from patients with SLE nephritis are more inhibitory than ICs from patients without renal disease. The inhibitory effects of ICs on monocyte chemotaxis and Fc receptor activity are similar, suggesting a relationship between the chemotactic and Fc receptor function of monocytes. Analysis of the ICs by enzyme-linked immunoassay showed no correlation between the quantity of IgG, C3, and anti-DNA in the IC samples and their effects on monocyte function.
Campylobacter-associated diarrhoea in Edinburgh.
Authors: W A Brunton, D Heggie
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Our findings suggest multiple sources of infection and that environmental spread, especially in contaminated water, may be a factor in the epidemiology of human campylo- bacter infections of the C coli-C jejuni group.It may be that the known avian excretors of campylobacters are responsible for our sea- water isolates, but the fact that a sewage- polluted sample also grew campylobacters is suggestive of the strain having come from a human source.Clearly a strain identification scheme is required to distinguish between isolates before source tracing can be carried out efficiently.
PRESENT STATUS OF THERAPY IN MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
Authors: N. S. Schlezinger
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The neuromuscular disorder known as myasthenia gravis was first described by Willis in the 17th century. The clinical features were more distinctly outlined by Erb in 1878, and the periods of remission were emphasized by Goldflam, so that the condition frequently has been referred to as Erb-Goldflam's disease. Since this article is designed to focus attention on the present status of therapy in myasthenia gravis, there will be no effort made to consider in detail the pathology and symptomatology of this disease. For a comprehensive survey of these aspects, reference may be made to the excellent review by Keschner and Strauss. 1   The chief clinical feature of myasthenia gravis is muscle fatigability on sustained effort. The initial symptoms most often appear in the extraocular muscles, producing ptosis and a variable diplopia. The extraocular muscle involvement may be so severe as to produce a complete external ophthalmoplegia (Fig. 1 A ). Weaknesses
Acid inhibitory medication and risk of gastric and oesophageal cancer
Authors: K E L McColl
Journal: Gut (2006)

What are the long term effects of acid suppressive medication on the risk of gastric and oesophageal cancer?

It is now 30 years since effective antisecretory drugs in the form of H2 receptor antagonists became available for use in clinical practice. Since then the use of medications which elevate intragastric pH has progressively increased and a significant proportion of the population is taking powerful antisecretory medication on a long term basis. In view of the recognised association between hypochlorhydria and gastric cancer,1,2 there has been concern that long term use of acid suppressive medication might increase the risk of this sinister condition. In this issue of Gut , Garcia Rodriguez and colleagues3 report the association between long term antisecretory medication and upper gastrointestinal cancer (see page 1538) .

The study used the UK general practitioners research database (GPRD) which is a primary care automated database initiated in the late 1980s and currently including more then 3 million subjects. It contains detailed information on patient demographics, diagnosis, and drug prescriptions. The information is automatically transferred from the general practitioner’s computer to the database. The current study was based on a cohort of all individuals registered on the GPRD aged 40–84 years during the period January 1994 to December 2001. Over the 4 340 207 person years of follow up, 287 oesophageal adenocarcinoma, 195 gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, and 327 gastric non-cardia adenocarcinoma were diagnosed. Patients who developed upper gastrointestinal cancers during the study period were compared …
Abstract 2302: Adeno-associated Virus-mediated Prostaglandin I Synthase Gene Transfer Improved The Hypoxia-induced Pulmonary Hypertension In Mice
Authors: Takashi Kawakami, Hideaki Kanazawa, Toru Satoh, Masaki Ieda, Yasuyo Ieda, Kensuke Kimura, Hideaki Mochizuki, Chieko Yokoyama, Satoshi Ogawa, Keiichi Fukuda
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Although prostaglandin I 2 and its derivatives are clinically used for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension, continuous intravenous administration is required for the effective treatment. Prostaglandin I 2 synthase (PGIS) is one of the most powerful therapeutic genes against pulmonary hypertension (PH). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the human PGIS (hPGIS) gene transfer using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector into the skeletal muscle was effective to the hypoxia induced-pulmonary hypertension in mice. Methods and Results: PH was induced in the mice subjected to hypoxic chamber (O2 10%) for 8 weeks. Right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) significantly increased in PH group compared with control group. In the gene transferred group (AAV1-hPGIS), the AAV type1-hPGIS (2.0×10 11 v.g./body) vector was injected into the left thigh muscle at 24 hour after exposure to hypoxia. Saline injected mice were served as control group. After 8 weeks, hemodynamics and histological analysis was performed. AAV1-PGIS significantly decreased right ventricular systolic pressure to 26±5 mmHg compared with PH group (40±4 mmHg). Systemic blood pressure did not significantly decrease AAV-hPGIS treated group. QT-PCR revealed that PH group increased BNP mRNA in RV by 6-fold higher, while AAV1-hPGIS group decreased to 1.3-fold compared with the control group. Histological analysis revealed that PH group showed severe medial thickening of the pulmonary artery, and increased %wall thickness to 33.3±7.3%, while AAV1-hPGIS decreased to 17±3.6 %. RT-PCR revealed that the hPGIS gene expression was detected only at the injected side, but not in the liver, kidney, heart, and the other organs. Histological analysis showed no pathological changes at the injected skeletal muscles. Finally, Kaplan-Mayer analysis revealed that PH group showed 47% survival at 12 weeks wile AAV1-hPGIS group showed 73%, indicating that AAV1-hPGIS treatment significantly increased the survival of PH. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that the AAV1-mediaqted gene transfer of PGIS was effective to treat the hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in mice, and can prolong the survival of these animals.
Cognitive Outcome of Long-Term Survivors of Multisystem Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: A Single-Institution, Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Vasanta Rao Nanduri, Leasha Lillywhite, Claire Chapman, Louise Parry, Jon Pritchard, Faraneh Vargha-Khadem
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Damage to the CNS, including the cerebellum, and to the hypothalamopituitary axis, is documented in Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). Neuropsychologic deficits have been recognized, but this is the first study in which cognitive function has been systematically assessed in a cohort of patients.Twenty-eight long-term survivors of multisystem LCH (mean age, 15.1 years) were investigated for intelligence, memory and learning, language, and academic attainments.The mean intelligence quotient (IQ) of the entire group was not significantly different from the mean of the population (ie, mean +/- SD, 100 +/- 1), but there were wide ranges (Full-Scale IQ [FSIQ]: mean, 93.6; range, 61.7 to 134; Performance IQ [PIQ]: mean, 92.2; range, 46 to 136; and Verbal IQ [VIQ]: mean, 93.7; range, 64.2 to 126). CNS involvement was a significant risk factor for lower scores, but sex, diabetes insipidus, and cranial radiotherapy were not. The CNS group had lower VIQ, PIQ, and FSIQ than patients with no CNS involvement (no CNS group: mean +/- SD FSIQ, 102.3 +/- 15.6; CNS group: mean +/- SD FSIQ, 73.6 +/- 7.7; P <.001). A similar pattern of results was obtained for all other cognitive measures. Even when effects of reduction in FSIQ were taken into account, specific deficits were found in patients in the CNS group.Long-term survivors of multisystem LCH, particularly patients with CNS involvement, may develop significant cognitive deficits. All patients should have formal, repeated neuropsychologic assessment as part of long-term follow-up, which will enable abnormalities to be detected early so that appropriate supportive measures can be offered.
The Arrhythmias of Dual-Chamber Cardiac Pacemakers and Their Management
Authors: RICHARD M. LUCERI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

The field of cardiac pacing has developed exponentially in the past several years. The widespread use of atrioventricular synchronous pacemakers has resulted in the recognition of several types of pacemaker-associated arrhythmias. Certain of these arrhythmias follow asynchronous stimulation of either cardiac chamber; others are the result of the artificial bypass tract created with dual-chamber sensing and pacing. All the arrhythmias, however, are associated with normal pacemaker function.
Use of Aldosterone Antagonists in Heart Failure
Authors: Nancy M. Albert, Clyde W. Yancy, Li Liang, Xin Zhao, Adrian F. Hernandez, Eric D. Peterson, Christopher P. Cannon, Gregg C. Fonarow
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Aldosterone antagonists are recommended for patients with moderate to severe heart failure (HF) and systolic dysfunction. Prior studies suggest underuse of aldosterone antagonists in eligible patients as well as overuse in settings in which therapy may be harmful.To examine aldosterone antagonist prescription based on HF management guideline criteria, investigator-defined appropriateness criteria, and trends over time in patients hospitalized with heart failure.Observational analysis of 43,625 patients admitted with HF and discharged home from 241 hospitals participating in the Get With The Guidelines-HF quality improvement registry between January 2005 and December 2007.Prescription and predictors of use of aldosterone antagonists, based on guideline criteria.Among 12,565 patients eligible for aldosterone antagonist therapy, 4087 (32.5%) received an aldosterone antagonist at discharge, and treatment increased modestly from 28% to 34% over the study period. There was also wide variation in aldosterone antagonist use among hospitals (0%-90.6%). Aldosterone antagonist use in eligible patients was associated with younger age (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82-0.88), African American race/ethnicity (adjusted OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.04-1.32), lower systolic blood pressure (adjusted OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.92-0.95), history of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator use (adjusted OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.34-1.69), depression (adjusted OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.01-1.30), alcohol use (adjusted OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.02-1.50), and pacemaker implantation (adjusted OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.06-1.38), and with having no history of renal insufficiency (adjusted OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.75-0.96). Applying serum creatinine and potassium appropriateness criteria, inappropriate and potentially inappropriate use of aldosterone antagonist therapy was low and did not change over the 3-year study period.Less than one-third of eligible patients hospitalized for HF and participating in a quality improvement registry received HF guideline-recommended aldosterone antagonist therapy. Use of aldosterone antagonist therapy among patients with documented contraindications was low.
Atovaquone-proguanil versus chloroquine-proguanil for malaria prophylaxis in non-immune travellers: a randomised, double-blind study
Authors: Birthe Høgh, Paul D Clarke, Daniel Camus, Hans Dieter Nothdurft, David Overbosch, Matthias Günther, Izak Joubert, Kevin C Kain, Dea Shaw, Neil S Roskell, Jeffrey D Chulay
Journal: The Lancet (2000)
Epilepsy: disappearing lesions appearing in the United Kingdom.
Authors: A Kennedy, F Schon
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--Investigation of spontaneously resolving lesions associated with epilepsy. DESIGN--Observational study during one year. SETTING--One neurology department. PATIENTS--4 cases in patients (one of Indian parents, one African, one white English, and one Afro-Caribbean) resident in the United Kingdom, who presented with transient epilepsy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Findings on computed tomography and on screening for infections. RESULTS--In all four cases a small mass lesion in one cerebral hemisphere was observed on computed tomography, which resolved after 9, 4, 3 and 1.5 months respectively without surgery. CONCLUSIONS--The number of cases seen in one year suggests that the lesions may be more common in the United Kingdom than previously recognised and that research into their cause is warranted.
Vitamin C and Acute Illness in Navajo Schoolchildren
Authors: John L. Coulehan, Susan Eberhard, Louis Kapner, Floyd Taylor, Kenneth Rogers, Philip Garry
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

To evaluate earlier observations, including our own, showing usefulness of vitamin C for managing the common cold, we performed a double-blind trial of vitamin C versus placebo in 868 children. There was no difference in number becoming ill (133 versus 129), number of episodes (166 versus 159) or mean illness duration (5.5 versus 5.8 days) between the groups. Children receiving vitamin C had fewer throat cultures yielding beta-hemolytic streptococcus (six versus 13, P less than 0.10), but no difference in overall complicated illness rate (24 versus 25). Plasma ascorbic acid levels were higher in the vitamin group 24 to 26 hours after supplementation (1.28 versus 1.04 mg per 100 ml, P less than 0.01). Children with high plasma ascorbic acid concentrations had longer mean illness (6.8 versus 4.0 days, P less than 0.05) than those with low levels. Vitamin C does not seem to be an effective prophylactic or therapeutic agent for upper respiratory illness.
Liability for Prenatal Injuries
Authors: Richard P. Bergen
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —This brief article was intended to point up the growing legal risk to physicians in connection with prenatal injuries. Perhaps it did not do justice to the court's analysis of the evidence on causation. The court did not, on its own, attempt to decide what the probable cause of the cerebral palsy might be. It merely evaluated the testimony of the doctors presented by both sides. It held that there was ample evidence to permit a jury to find that negligence of the physician in failing to discover and treat a serious anemic condition of the mother was, more likely than not, a cause of the cerebral palsy in the child. The medical testimony relied on by the court may be summarized as follows: (1) Anoxia developed in the child during the delivery. (2) The purposes for treating anemia in a pregnant woman are to minimize the
Scientific misconduct is worryingly prevalent in the UK, shows BMJ survey
Authors: A. Tavare
Journal: BMJ (2012)

One in seven UK based scientists or doctors has witnessed colleagues intentionally altering or fabricating data during their research or for the purposes of publication, found a survey of more than 2700 researchers conducted by the BMJ .

The survey, which was emailed to 9036 academics and clinicians who had submitted articles to the BMJ or acted as peer reviewers for the journal (response rate 31%), found that 13% of these researchers admitted knowledge of colleagues “inappropriately adjusting, excluding, altering, or fabricating data” for the purpose of publication. Just over …
THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE POISON THROUGH THE BODY AFTER DEATH FROM ARSENIC.
Authors: V. C. VAUGHAN
Journal: JAMA (1884)

Some months ago we reported in this journal a series of experiments which showed the diffusion of arsenious acid through the body when suspended in water and injected into the mouth and rectum after death. We have to report some experiments on the distribution of the substance after fatal arsenical poisoning. Has arsenic any predilection of tissue? Scolosuboff,1 in 1875, reported that he had found, in experimenting upon animals, the largest amounts of the poison in the nervous tissue. He poisoned the animals with the arsenite of sodium, and after death estimated the amount of poison in 100 grams each of muscle, liver, brain and marrow. Representing the amount he found in the 100 grams of muscle by I, that found in the same amount of liver would be represented by 10.8, that in the brain by 36.5, and that in the marrow by 37.3. Scolosuboff supposed that the arsenic
The cancer-testis Sp17 and ASP are expressed in the ciliated hepatic foregut cysts
Authors: Fabio Grizzi, Sonia Di Biccari, Barbara Franceschini, Vladimir Osipov, Everardo Cobos, Maurizio Chiriva-Internati
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Although ciliated hepatic foregut cysts (CHFCs) are retained benign lesions, a case of squamous cell metaplasia and three cases of squamous cell carcinoma arising from CHFCs has been reported. The potential of malignant transformation make it necessary the identification of new
Rituximab is effective for human herpesvirus‐8‐negative primary effusion lymphoma with CD20 phenotype associated hepatitis C virus‐related liver cirrhosis
Authors: Toshitatsu Takao, Yutaka Kobayashi, Junya Kuroda, Atsusi Omoto, Tomoko Nishimura, Yuri Kamitsuji, Etsuko Fukiya, Chie Nakamura, Shinya Kimura, Toshikazu Yoshikawa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)
Pressor and mesenteric arterial hyporesponsiveness to angiotensin II is an early event in haemorrhagic hypotension in anaesthetised rats
Authors: Doris Pieber, Gabi Horina, Andreas Sandner-Kiesling, Thomas R. Pieber, Akos Heinemann
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1999)

Objective: Vascular responsiveness to vasoconstrictors is known to be attenuated in haemorrhagic shock. In this study we assessed the temporal development and the underlying mechanisms of haemorrhage-induced vascular hyporeactivity to pressor agents. Methods: In phenobarbital-anaesthetised rats hypotension was induced by graded haemorrhage (8 ml blood total). Sham-manipulated rats served as controls. Blood flow (BF) was recorded with ultrasonic transit time flow probes. Results: Following haemorrhage mean arterial pressure (MAP) fell by 25–45 mm Hg and was accompanied by a reduction in mesenteric BF without any alteration of mesenteric vascular conductance (VC). While pressor responses to arginine vasopressin remained unaltered, hyporesponsiveness to phenylephrine (10 nmol kg−1) developed 120–180 min after hypotension had been induced. Pressor and mesenteric constrictor responses to angiotensin II (30 pmol kg−1) became significantly blunted as early as 60 min post haemorrhage. The hypotensive effect of an angiotensin1 receptor antagonist, telmisartan (1 mg kg−1), was likewise blunted 3 h after haemorrhage. Pretreatment with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (10 mg kg−1) exaggerated the hypotensive reaction to haemorrhage but did not prevent the development of angiotensin II hyporesponsiveness. In contrast, the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (10 mg kg−1), as investigated 3 h post haemorrhage, restored the systemic pressor responses to angiotensin II and phenylephrine as well as the mesenteric constrictor responses to phenylephrine to normal level and diminished the mesenteric hyporesponsiveness to angiotensin II. Glibenclamide (20 mg kg−1), an inhibitor of ATP-sensitive K+ channels given 180 min post haemorrhage, partially reversed haemorrhage-induced hypotension but did not modify angiotensin II hyporesponsiveness. Conclusion: Systemic pressor responsiveness and mesenteric arterial reactivity to endogenous and exogenous angiotensin II is selectively impaired at an early stage of haemorrhagic hypotension. This phenomenon partially involves NO and is not related to ATP-sensitive K+ channels.