tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5193: The importance of primo vascular system (PVS) on cancer metastasis and therapeutic intervention: A new dimension of cancer stem cell
Authors: Ashraful Islam, Shelia D. Thomas, Kara J. Sedoris, Donald M. Miller
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The ability of cancer cells especially immature and multi-potent cancer stem cells to escape from conventional therapeutic intervention has been long investigated. The exact mechanisms and safe harboring of this population of cells have yet to be identified. The primo vascular system (PVS) which is composed of new types of micro-conduits named primo-vessels (PV) and primo-nodes (PN) has recently emerged as a third component of circulatory system. In this study, we have shown the existence of PVS and their networks in murine xenograft of human histiocytic lymphoma cells (U937) using trypan blue. These PVs are thread-like, elastic, multi-lumen structure and appears to radiate from PN, perpendicular of the conventional venuoles-arteriols and reside in close proximity to the tumor. PNs are about 500-600 μM membranous sac-like structures, containing numerous tiny cells evident by DAPI staining. Isolation of RNA from PVS signifies the presence of intact transcriptional machinery in the cells. Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&amp;E) staining of PVS shows the presence of loose and abortive structure lined by fibroblast but filled with lightly dense fibers, cells, lacuna and nerve-like structures. To further characterize the origin and type of cells within the PVS, immunostaining with antibodies for CD68, CD45 and lysozyme has revealed the cells are same immunophenotype as of U937. RT-PCR arrays demonstrates a hundred to thousand fold up regulation of human cancer stem cell specific transcription factors most notably KLF4, an upstream regulator of NANOG which maintain the pluripotent and undifferentiated state of stem cells. These results suggest that PVS close to the tumor could be the safe haven for a selective population of cancer stem cell. Further understanding of the biological properties and responsiveness to therapy of these cells will shed light on new dimensions of anti-cancer interventions. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5193. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5193
The Walton Report
Authors: Zenonas Danilevicius
Journal: JAMA (1976)

At the suggestion of the Canadian medical profession, the Conference of Deputy Ministers of Health of Canada accepted a resolution in December 1973 to establish a task force on cervical cancer screening programs. The task force, which was headed by Dr R. J. Walton, met for the first time in June 1974. After long deliberation, the Walton committee recently presented its final report.<sup>1</sup> The Walton report recommended that Canadian health authorities encourage and support the development of cytologic screening programs throughout Canada, designed to detect the precursors of clinical invasive carcinoma of the cervix. Initial smears are recommended from all women over the age of 18 years who have had sexual intercourse. If the initial smear results are satisfactory and do not show significant atypia, a second smear is to be taken within one year. Provided the initial two smears are satisfactory and do not show significant atypia, further
Fatal massive air embolism following diagnostic colonoscopy
Authors: J. Sopeña-Falco, N. Poch-Vall, E. Brullet, H. Mendez-Reyes, E. Martínez-Bauer, F. Junquera, G. Pujol-Caballe, R. Campo
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

Air embolism [1] [2] is a rare complication that occurs following a wide range of diagnostic and therapeutic invasive procedures. Only six cases of air embolism following colonoscopy have been reported and all occurred in patients with underlying colonic pathology.
ARREST OF PROGRESSION OF PRE-INDUCED ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM IN APOLIPOPROTEIN E-DEFICIENT MICE BY LOW LEVEL LASER PHOTOTHERAPY
Authors: S. David Gertz, Leah Y. Gavish, Ronen Beeri, Dan GILON, Chen Rubinstein, Yacov Berlatzky, Atilla Bulut, Petachia Reissman, Lilach Gavish
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
A New Drug Is Born
Authors: William S. Middleton
Journal: JAMA (1960)

ABSTRACT THE THERAPY of human ills is a fascinating chapter of medical history and will continue to attract increasing attention throughout time. For the present purposes, avoiding the wide ramifications of mysticism and empiricism that for centuries have marked this phase of man's efforts to preserve health and to combat disease, the therapeutic properties of plants emerge as a continuous thread of consuming interest through the years. Undoubtedly, the observations of the effects of the ingestion of various elements of the indigenous plants by domestic and wild animals led to their trial by man from the earliest times. Out of this empirical practice grew the curious doctrine of signatures. The configuration of a leaf, flower, stalk, or root which resembled a human organ was a priori evidence of its potency in combatting disorders of this specific part. Granting such a background of dependence, the cultivation of plants with reputed therapeutic values
Medication use modifies the health effects of particulate sulfate air pollution in children with asthma.
Authors: A Peters, D W Dockery, J Heinrich, H E Wichmann
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Previous controlled studies have indicated that asthma medication modifies the adverse effects of sulfur dioxide (SO2) on lung function and asthma symptoms. The present report analyzed the role of medication use in a panel study of children with mild asthma. Children from Sokolov (n = 82) recorded daily peak expiratory flow (PEF) measurements, symptoms, and medication use in a diary. Linear and logistic regression analyses estimated the impact of concentrations of sulfate particles with diameters less than 2.5 microns, adjusting for linear trend, mean temperature, weekend (versus weekday), and prevalence of fever in the sample. Fifty-one children took no asthma medication, and only 31 were current medication users. Most children were treated with theophylline; only nine used sprays containing beta-agonist. For the nonmedicated children, weak associations between a 5-day mean of sulfates and respiratory symptoms were observed. Medicated children, in contrast, increased their beta-agonist use in direct association with an increase in 5-day mean of sulfates, but medication use did not prevent decreases in PEF and increases in the prevalence of cough attributable to particulate air pollution. Medication use was not a confounder but attenuated the associations between particulate air pollution and health outcomes.
Abstract 1393: Correlating the expression of protein kinase C isozymes with the transformed phenotype in colorectal cancer
Authors: Catríona M. Dowling, Jennifer Hanly, Tara Dalton, Patrick A. Kiely
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Protein Kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine/threonine kinases that are involved in almost every signal transduction pathway. Their regulation is mediated by several factors and by binding to a group of scaffolding proteins called RACKs (Adams et al. 2011). The development of PKC modulators with anti-cancer therapeutic value is a major target in cancer. However, this task is made difficult because PKC has an important role to play in normal processes and the PKC family consists of at least 12 different isozymes. In colon cancer, there is differential expression of the PKC isozymes, giving the cancer cells a migratory advantage and thus promote cancer progression. Our hypothesis is that PKC expression, activity and localisation are altered as colon epithelial cells switch from normal to the transformed state. We are confident that being able to recognise these changes has the potential to be used as a biomarker and prognostic marker in the early detection of colon cancer. Using novel 3D culture techniques, we examined the gene expression pattern of the 12 different PKC isozymes. We found that the isozymes were differentially expressed and that their expression pattern changed depending on whether the cells were grown under 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional culture systems. Using patient samples, we also document differential expression of several isozymes when compared to matched normal tissue. Using a series of PKC activators, together with a series of synergistic cellular and molecular approaches, we follow the migration of specific PKC isoforms to the membrane fraction in cells. This migration is dependent on the expression of RACK1 as when we use siRNA against RACK1, we disrupt PKC translocation in colon cancer cells. Taken together, our findings confirm that there is differential expression of PKC isozymes in cancer cells. We also confirm that specific PKC isozymes colocalise with RACK1 at the membrane supporting our hypothesis that RACK1 plays a central role in translocating PKC in the colon epithelium. Differential PKC expression and PKC translocation may be an important mechanism regulating the transformed phenotype of colon cancer cells. Citation Format: Catríona M. Dowling, Jennifer Hanly, Tara Dalton, Patrick A. Kiely. Correlating the expression of protein kinase C isozymes with the transformed phenotype in colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1393. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1393
On Genes, Speech, and Language
Authors: Simon E. Fisher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Learning to talk is one of the most important milestones in human development, but we still have only a limited understanding of the way in which the process occurs. It normally takes just a few years to go from babbling newborn to fluent communicator. During this period, the child learns to produce a rich array of speech sounds through intricate control of articulatory muscles, assembles a vocabulary comprising thousands of words, and deduces the complicated structural rules that permit construction of meaningful sentences. All of this (and more) is achieved with little conscious effort.The acquisition of language usually proceeds . . .
Abstract 399: Deletion of the Mint3 gene in mice abrogates macrophage functions and increases resistance to cancer metastasis
Authors: Toshiro Hara, Takeharu Sakamoto, Motoharu Seiki
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is the master transcription factor to shift the energy production system from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis during hypoxia. Although most cells employ OXPHOS for ATP during normoxia, macrophage is unique in using glycolysis constitutively. We have proposed that macrophages use Mint3 to inhibit FIH-1 that suppresses transcriptional activity of HIF-1 during normoxia. To demonstrate physiological function of Mint3 in macrophages, we establish Mint3 deficient mice and analyze macrophage specific functions. The mutant mice have no apparent phenotype but exhibit significant resistance against lipopolysaccaride (LPS)-induced septic shock and cancer metastasis. Macrophages obtained from the mutant mice exhibit 60% levels of ATP content compared to wild type cells, lower levels of glycolysis, cytokine production and motility. Thus, cell type specific role of Mint3 in energy production in macrophages is demonstrated for the first time using genetically manipulated mice. Specific function of Mint3 in macrophages might allow us developing therapeutics to regulate excessive macrophage functions during infection and diseases such as cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 399. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-399
Plasma exchange and human factor VIII concentrate in managing haemophilia A with factor VIII inhibitors.
Authors: R T Wensley, R F Stevens, A M Burn, I W Delamore
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Plasma exchanges were combined with human factor VIII concentrate therapy in the treatment of major bleeding episodes in five patients with haemophilia A and factor VIII inhibitors. All patients had a good clinical response to combined treatment. Inhibitor levels showed satisfactory falls before rapid secondary increases of inhibitor levels took place. A sixth patient with von Willebrand's disease and a factor VIII clotting activity inhibitor was successfully prepared for operation using plasma exchange. Postoperative haemostasis and healing were normal. In two patients the plasma exchanges were relatively more effective than the administered human factor VIII in reducing the levels of factor VIII inhibitor. Combined plasma exchange and human factor VIII treatment may offer a rapidly effective means of reducing factor VIII inhibitor levels in this group of patients, together with significant saving of costs.
Management of Hypertensive Crises
Authors: RayW. Gifford
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The availability of potent antihypertensive drugs that will decrease markedly elevated blood pressure within minutes to hours has changed the concepts of definition and therapy of hypertensive emergencies and urgencies. Intravenous infusion of sodium nitroprusside can be used in the truly emergent situation and is effective, reliable, and safe. While oral therapy is more convenient, it is not as consistently effective as parenteral administration and can lead to excessive reductions in blood pressure that are more difficult to manage than when short-acting agents are given intravenously.
Practice Policies—What Are They?
Authors: David M. Eddy
Journal: JAMA (1990)

PRACTICE policies are preformed recommendations issued for the purpose of influencing decisions about health interventions. The basic problem addressed by practice policies is that most health decisions are too complicated to be made on a one-by-one, day-to-day basis. 1 To make a health decision from scratch would involve identifying the options; identifying the possible outcomes of each option; evaluating the evidence that relates the options to the outcomes; estimating the consequences of each option; weighing the benefits of each option against its harms and costs; factoring in a variety of logistic, economic, legal, social, and personal considerations; and choosing the option that is in some sense the best. If every practitioner attempted to do this for every decision, the result would be either mental paralysis or chaos.  Practice policies have been used for centuries to help solve this problem by enabling practitioners and researchers to analyze decisions before the fact,
Racial discrimination against doctors
Authors: C. L E Katona, M. M Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1993)

EDITOR,-We sympathise with A Esmail and S Everington over the medicolegal problems resulting from their study but were sorry to note their observation on the "comparative unpopularity" of psychiatry.'We recently published a study of predictors of shortlisting and appoint- ments for training posts in psychiatry.2Not having an English name was associated with not being shortlisted at senior registrar level (4/18 v 8/14; p < 0 05).In our "real life" study, however, having an English name was significantly associated with having obtained a British undergraduate education (p < 0-001).This in turn was associated with achieving a publication containing data (p<0005), which emerged as the strongest predictor (p<0-001) of shortlisting for a senior registrar post.Our results show the artificiality of comparing curricula vitae identical in all but name and the promotional value (for better or worse) of achieving publication.Our paper nevertheless echoes Esmail and Everington's in concluding that "members of appointments committees should . .become still more aware of their commitment to equal opportunities and their vulnerability to prejudice."
Race, brain size, and IQ: The case for consilience
Authors: J. Philippe Rushton
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Data from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), autopsy, endocranial measurements, and other techniques show that: (1) brain size correlates 0.40 with cognitive ability; (2) average brain size varies by race; and (3) average cognitive ability varies by race. These results are as replicable as one will find in the social and behavioral sciences. They pose serious problems for Rose's claim that reductionistic science is inadequate, inefficient, and/or unproductive.
DEMONSTRATION IN VITRO OF ANAPHYLACTOID RESPONSE OF THE UTERUS AND ILEUM OF GUINEA PIGS INJECTED WITH TESTIS OR SPERM
Authors: Seymour Katsh
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

FEMALE GUINEA PIGS WERE INJECTED WITH THE FOLLOWING MATERIALS: homogenates of guinea pig testis in saline or in adjuvant; suspensions of washed guinea pig sperm in saline or in adjuvant; homogenates of rabbit testis in adjuvant; guinea pig sperm and rabbit sperm in adjuvant. Control animals were not injected or were injected with adjuvant alone. At various times between 15 and 39 days after injection, the animals were sacrificed. Their ilea and uterine horns were removed and tested in vitro for reaction to washed epididymal sperm of the guinea pig, rabbit, or bull. It was found that the animals which were injected with homologous testis or sperm in adjuvant possessed organs which responded strongly to the challenge with homologous sperm. The response was a contracture which began 10 to 30 seconds after the sperm were injected into the bath and lasted for 5 minutes to 4 hours, the longest period of observation. Responses which lasted for periods of 5 minutes to 30 minutes were obtained with the uteri of the animals injected with guinea pig testis in saline or with guinea pig sperm in saline. Animals which were injected with rabbit testis and adjuvant responded to rabbit sperm, and animals injected with guinea pig sperm and rabbit sperm in adjuvant reacted to both gametes. A large proportion of the control animals possessed organs which reacted weakly to the challenge with homologous sperm. Retesting the organ which had contracted following exposure to sperm indicated that desensitization had occurred. Testing with heterologous sperm indicated a species selectivity. The evidence is interpreted to mean that injections of sperm or testis induce a hypersensitivity which is similar in some respects but differs from true anaphylaxis. The findings are discussed from the point of view of the nature of the response and the implications regarding natural immunity to sperm.
A BIOCHEMICAL AND MORPHOLOGIC STUDY OF MYELINATION AND DEMYELINATION
Authors: Guido Majno, Manfred L. Karnovsky
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

Bilateral transection was performed on rat sciatics. At varying intervals after the operation, samples of nerve were taken both distal and proximal to the level of transection, as well as from the tissue which bridged the gap between the stumps. These samples were incubated in Warburg flasks, with glucose and a labelled lipide precursor (acetate or phosphate). The total lipides were then extracted and their radioactivity was measured. Normal rat sciatics served as controls, and the biochemical and histological findings were correlated. In the distal portion undergoing Wallerian degeneration, the lipide content began to fall before any removal of myelin could be detected histologically. It is suggested that there is a period of "non-cellular removal" prior to the physical breakdown of the myelin. Changes in respiration and in lipogenesis from acetate followed a triphasic course, and agreed with the histological findings in that after a period of predominantly passive changes (approximately 1 to 3 days) there follows a period of cellular reaction (4 to 50 days) and a period of atrophy (from 50 days onward). The incorporation of phosphate into the lipides was increased at all stages examined, even as early as 22 hours after section. This increased P(32) incorporation could not be reproduced in nerves allowed to degenerate in vitro. It is suggested that the hypertrophying Schwann cells synthesize some lipide moieties at a considerably faster rate than others. Proximal to the level of transection, lipogenesis from acetate was depressed, for as long as 32 days postoperatively. It appears, therefore, that the maintenance of the myelin sheath is impaired also above the level of transection. In the "union tissue" which developed between the stumps, prior to the appearance of histologically visible myelin, lipogenesis was low; later it rose above levels for normal nerve. This pattern of lipogenesis in regenerating nerve is similar to that found in growing nerves.
Mixed myeloid—lymphoid colonies in a patient with polycythemia vera
Authors: Barbara Beckman, William F. Anderson, G. Beltran, I. Chen, James W. Fisher
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1982)

Abstract Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a patient with polycythemia vera were cultured in a methylcellulose system employing human serum. Electron microscopy documented the appearance of mixed colonies containing lymphocytes, granulocytes, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes. In vitro culture characteristics were similar to those seen for other patients with polycythemia vera, ie, colonies grew in the absence of added erythropoietin or other pathway‐specific regulators. Plating efficiency was linearly related to the number of cells plated, which supports the concept that each colony arose from a single cell. The appearance of mixed myeloid—lymphoid colonies points to the existence of a primitive stem cell capable of giving rise to multiple hematopoietic cell lines.
Cellularly defined minor histocompatibility antigens are differentially expressed on human hematopoietic progenitor cells.
Authors: P J Voogt, E Goulmy, W F Veenhof, M Hamilton, W E Fibbe, J J Van Rood, J H Falkenburg
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

Previously, five CTL lines directed against minor histocompatibility (mH) antigens designated HA-1-5 have been established from peripheral blood of patients after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT), and have been characterized using population and family studies. All cell lines showed specific HLA class I-restricted lysis of PHA-stimulated peripheral blood target cells from donors positive for the particular mH antigens. After 4 h of incubation of the mH antigen HA-3-specific CTL line with bone marrow cells from HA-3+ donors, complete class I-restricted inhibition of colony growth of the hematopoietic progenitor cells was observed even at low E/T ratios, indicating that the HA-3 antigen is strongly expressed on hematopoietic stem cells. Therefore, this antigen may be a target structure in the immune-mediated rejection of the hematopoietic graft in case of incompatibility for this determinant between donor and recipient in allogeneic BMT. In contrast, incubation of bone marrow cells with the antigen-specific anti-HA-1, -2, -4, and -5 CTL lines did not result in growth inhibition of the hematopoietic progenitor cells tested. After a prolonged incubation time and using a very high E/T ratio, progenitor cells from HA-2+ or HA-5+ donors were killed to some extent by the anti-mH-specific CTL lines, although the growth inhibition observed was minor and variable. Our results show that mH antigens are differentially expressed on human hematopoietic progenitor cells. Therefore, only some of these antigens may be targets in immune-mediated rejection of the bone marrow graft.