tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The acquired immune deficiency syndrome and epidemic of infection with human immunodeficiency virus: costs of care and prevention in an inner London district.
Authors: A M Johnson, M W Adler, J M Crown
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The epidemic of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) necessitates early planning of services and allocation of resources. The use of hospital resources by patients with AIDS and the planned additional costs of clinical and preventive services for the epidemic of infection with HIV were calculated for an inner London health district that has treated 18% of the cases in the United Kingdom. Patients with AIDS required on average 50 days of inpatient hospital care each at an estimated current average lifetime cost of pounds 6800. These costs, however, underestimated the additional capital and revenue costs of planned new preventive and treatment services, estimated as being pounds 388,000 revenue and pounds 472,000 capital for 1986-7. It is important to invest now in preventive services throughout the United Kingdom to reduce the future social and financial costs of AIDS.
Self report functional disability scores and the use of devices: two distinct aspects of physical function in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: A van der Heide, J W Jacobs, G A van Albada-Kuipers, F W Kraaimaat, R Geenen, J W Bijlsma
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

OBJECTIVES--Self report scores of physical disability and the use of devices or assistance in performing activities are sometimes integrated in one index of physical function, although they are aimed at measuring different dimensions of physical disability. The properties of both parameters were evaluated in two groups of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS--A group of patients with RA of recent onset was compared with a group with established disease on four parameters of disability: use of devices, use of personal assistance, and scores on a validated Dutch version of the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index, with and without integrating the use of devices or assistance. Correlation coefficients among disability parameters were calculated. In multiple regression analysis the influence of disease duration on the disability parameters was determined after disease activity, psychological wellbeing, and demographical characteristics had been controlled. RESULTS--Functional disability scores were mainly related to inflammatory activity and psychological wellbeing, whereas the uses of devices had a strong relation with disease duration, independent of current disease activity. Integrating these parameters of disability yielded a parameter that was still mainly associated with disease activity. CONCLUSION--Self report scores of functional disability and the use of devices represent distinct dimensions of physical function in RA. Integrating both parameters into one measure of physical disability does not provide an index adequately reflecting both dimensions. The use of both parameters to measure outcome in long term clinical studies is recommended.
Evidence Suggesting Importance of Role of Interbacterial Inhibition in Maintaining Balance of Normal Flora
Authors: KATHERINE SPRUNT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Evidence presented in support of the hypothesis that interrelationships among organisms in the pharynx provide one of the mechanisms that maintain the bacterial status quo. Many organisms in the normal pharynx are capable in vitro of preventing the growth of other bacterial species—species with which they coexist in vivo or test organisms to which they are exposed experimentally. The majority of these "inhibitors" as revealed by the aerobic techniques described are alpha hemolytic streptococci. Detailed study of cultures from the posterior pharynx of patients undergoing massive antibiotic therapy for open heart surgery shows that as virtually all inhibitors (alpha hemolytic streptococci) in the patient's normal flora are suppressed by antibiotic therapy, overgrowth of bacteria not usually found in the pharynx routinely occurs. When therapy is withdrawn inhibitors reappear, and normal flora is reestablished. When inhibitors are resistant to the antibiotics used, no such overgrowth occurs. The data presented indicate that presence of the inhibitors plays a key role in maintaining the balance of normal flora.
New leukemia in the course of therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Yaddanapudi Ravindranath, Susumu Inoue, Basil Considine, Jeanne Lusher, Wolf W. Zuelzer
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1978)

Abstract We have recently observed the development of second leukemia of a morphologically different type in three patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) while on therapy. The “second” leukemia occurred while on therapy at 23, 27, and 32 months of initial remission. All three were receiving systemic chemotherapy (CT) and prophylactic fractional irradiation to the central nervous system (CNS). The second leukemias in these three cases were one case of juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia (JCML) and two cases of acute leukemia of the myeloblastic type by the usual morphologic criteria including the presence of Auer rods in one. In two cases a cytogenetically new clone was detected in the remission marrow 10 and 12 months preceding the overt change in clinical status. These three cases demonstrate that second leukemia occurs in patients with ALL and that some late “relapses” fall into this category. The possible etiologic role of modern intensive treatment regimens in the development of second leukemia is discussed.
Decreased nitric oxide in the exhaled air of patients with systemic sclerosis with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: S. A. Kharitonov, J. B. Cailes, C. M. Black, R. M. du Bois, P. J. Barnes
Journal: Thorax (1997)

BACKGROUND: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) may be complicated by pulmonary hypertension (PHT), which can occur both in the setting of fibrosing alveolitis or as lone pulmonary vascular disease. Nitric oxide (NO) is a powerful vasodilator and is produced by various cells in the respiratory tract including pulmonary vascular endothelial cells and can be measured in expired air. A study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that exhaled NO levels would be decreased in patients with SSc with PHT and to assess the utility of this measurement in discriminating between patients with and without PHT, regardless of concurrent fibrosing alveolitis. METHODS: Exhaled NO was measured with a chemiluminescence analyser in 23 patients with SSc (six with PHT, 17 subjects without) and in 67 normal individuals. Doppler echocardiography was used to assess pulmonary artery pressure in subjects with SSc, and lung function tests were performed at the same visit as NO measurements. Thin section CT scans were analysed for the presence of abnormality consistent with fibrosing alveolitis. RESULTS: Patients with SSc with PHT had a greater reduction in arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) and carbon monoxide gas transfer (TLCO) than patients with SSc without PHT. Exhaled NO was significantly higher in patients with SSc without PHT than in normal individuals, and was significantly decreased in patients with SSc with PHT (mean (SD) 20 (6) ppb) compared with 149 (19) ppb in those with SSc without PHT (mean difference 129 (95% CI 112 to 146) ppb) and 80 (7) ppb in normal individuals (mean difference 60 (95% CI 54 to 66) ppb). CONCLUSION: Exhaled NO is decreased in patients with SSc with PHT compared with both normal individuals and patients with SSc without PHT.
Dry air- and hypertonic aerosol-induced bronchoconstriction and cellular responses in the canine lung periphery
Authors: AN Freed, C Omori, WC Hubbard, None Adkinson NF
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Dry air and hypertonic saline both create an osmotic stress to the airways, whilst dry air alone induces transient cooling of the airway mucosa. It is unclear whether these two stimuli lead to bronchoconstriction via the same mechanisms. We compared airflow- and hypertonic aerosol-induced bronchoconstriction (AIB and HIB, respectively) in the canine lung periphery, using a wedged bronchoscope to measure collateral system resistance (Rcs). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was used to examine changes in cells and mediators during AIB and HIB. We found that: 1) peripheral airways are not refractory to either dry air or hypertonic aerosols, and do not exhibit cross-refractoriness to these stimuli; 2) differences in strength of stimulus can alter the magnitude but not the time course of HIB; 3) within an individual, AIB and HIB are significantly correlated; 4) epithelial cells recovered in BAL fluid (BALF) are significantly elevated after AIB, and are similarly increased after HIB; 5) when compared to control, mediators recovered in BALF are significantly elevated after AIB but not HIB; 6) HIB is not altered by cyclo-oxygenase inhibition; and 7) lavage with hypertonic fluid does not affect the number of epithelial cells recovered, although the concentrations of some mediators are increased. We speculate that differences in cell and mediator profiles reflect differences in the time course of AIB and HIB that result from the modulation of temperature sensitive pathways that occurs during dry air, but not during hypertonic aerosol challenge.
Isolated left anterior descending coronary atherosclerosis: long-term comparison of internal mammary artery and venous autografts.
Authors: B W Lytle, F D Loop, R L Thurer, L K Groves, P C Taylor, D M Cosgrove
Journal: Circulation (1980)

A consecutive series of 100 patients receiving left internal mammary artery grafts and a consecutive series of 100 patients receiving saphenous vein grafts as treatment of isolated left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis were reviewed to determine survival, graft patency, disease progression and New York Heart Association functional class. The mean follow-up was 67 months, and the mean catheterization interval was 20 months. Recommendations for revascularization can be made selectively to patients with critical isolated left anterior descending stenoses who have limiting symptoms and large areas of viable myocardium at risk.
Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic and Pyruvic Transaminases in a Case of Cardiac Arrest Resuscitated by External Cardiac Massage
Authors: ZAVEN A. ADROUNY, MAX J. STEPHENSON, KURT R. STRAUBE, CHARLES T. DOTTER, HERBERT E. GRISWOLD
Journal: Circulation (1963)

Serial serum transaminase determinations were made before and following cardiac arrest encountered during retrograde left ventricular catheterization and successfully managed by external cardiac massage. Prompt, significant elevation of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and slight rise in serum pyruvic transaminase occurred without evidence of myocardial infarction. Skeletal muscle trauma appeared the most likely cause.
350. Pre-Clinical Assays for Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy
Authors: Uta Griesenbach
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) has long been a model disease to study lung gene therapy and we and others have carried out a number of phase I/II clinical trials using viral or non-viral vectors carrying the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. In addition to safety, measurements of potential difference (PD) across the airway epithelium, which is altered in CF due to the altered ion transport, have often been included as a primary endpoint. However, although important, the information obtained from PD measurements in pre-clinical and clinical gene therapy research has to be interpreted carefully, because changes in PD after transfection with the CFTR gene do not provide information about the number of cells transfected. In addition, it is unclear, how a change in PD after gene therapy correlates with more clinically relevant endpoints. The UK CF Gene Therapy Consortium has, therefore, devoted a significant amount of time and resources to refine further existing assays and set-up and validate a panel of new pre-clinical and clinical assays to screen non-viral gene transfer agents.The CF knockout mouse is the only available CF animal model and although the CF mouse does not develop traditional CF lung disease, it has long been demonstrated that the CF ion transport abnormalities are recapitulated in the murine nasal epithelium. Importantly, the cell composition of the murine nasal epithelium is also similar to the human lower airways. We have chosen the FABp-CF knockout mouse (Zhou 1994) as the standard model in our core facility. Fatty acid binding promoter (FABp)-mediated expression of CFTR in the gut, but not the airways, prevents the intestinal disease of the CF knockout mouse, thus easing work in a core facility setting. When choosing assays we aimed to cover several aspects of defective CFTR level and function [1. CFTR protein (vector- and epithelial cell-specific detection of CFTR mRNA and protein). 2. Ion transport (PD and short circuit current measurements). 3. Airway surface liquid (ASL) (ASL height), 4. Host bacterial interaction (Bacterial adherence to airway epithelial cells). During assay validation we compared FABP-CF mice and wild-type littermates and used the results to carry out power calculations that informed cohort size when assessing efficiency of gene transfer agents. Importantly, we learnt that n numbers have to be large to detect small, but potentially clinically relevant, changes in these assays and that care has to be taken not to underpower assays for assumed treatment effects.
Global Effort Takes Aim at Rabies
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Convulsive Properties of Thiopentone
Authors: R. L. Wynne
Journal: BMJ (1948)

The quantitative and qualitative similarity of this phenomenon in both conditions suggests a common cause for the eosinopenia.Adrenaline does not affect the eosinophilic content of bone marrow, and the latter accordingly is not the site of eosinophilic retention.Eosinopenia due to sufficiently high insulin dosage indicates an ability of the organism to meet the emergency of hypo- glycaemia by secreting adrenaline, and this, if repeated several times, might explain the improvement reported as being effected in allergic conditions through treatment with insulin hypoglycaemia.
Autoantibodies to nuclear envelope antigens in chronic fatigue syndrome.
Authors: K Konstantinov, A von Mikecz, D Buchwald, J Jones, L Gerace, E M Tan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

We have identified and partially characterized the autoantibodies in sera of 60 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Approximately 52% of the sera were found to react with nuclear envelope antigens. The combination of nuclear rim staining observed in immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoblot analysis of highly purified nuclear envelope proteins provided initial characterization of these autoantibodies. Further characterization showed that some sera immunoprecipitated the in vitro transcription and translation product of a human cDNA clone encoding the nuclear envelope protein lamin B1. The autoantibodies were of the IgG isotype. The occurrence of autoantibodies to a conserved intracellular protein like lamin B1 provides new laboratory evidence for an autoimmune component in chronic fatigue syndrome.
Effects of bigeminies and paired-pulse stimulation on oxygen consumption in dog left ventricle.
Authors: T Nozawa, Y Yasumura, S Futaki, N Tanaka, H Suga
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

In 10 excised, cross-circulated, isovolumically beating dog left ventricles, we examined the effects of bigeminy, including paired-pulse stimulation, on cardiac oxygen consumption (VO2) and evaluated whether the VO2 versus pressure-volume area (PVA) relation obtained from regularly beating hearts in our previous studies could account for the changes in VO2 during bigeminies with various coupling intervals. The extrasystolic interval (ESI) was decreased in four steps from 300 msec (regular rhythm) to paired-pulse stimulation (less than or equal to 210 msec). The sum of ESI and the postextrasystolic interval was always held constant (600 msec); therefore, the number of excitations was 200/min at any ESI. Both VO2 and PVA were measured in four runs: a small volume run at a ventricular volume of 13 ml, a large volume of 12 ml, a calcium run in which contractility was enhanced by CaCl2 at a small volume of 12 ml, and a verapamil run in which contractility was depressed by verapamil at a large volume of 20 ml. In any run, both VO2 and PVA were unchanged at long ESIs (greater than or equal to 250 msec) from each control value at regular rhythm, but VO2 markedly increased at short ESIs (less than or equal to 230 msec). VO2s during bigeminies with various ESIs were comparable with the theoretical VO2 values that were calculated by the VO2-PVA relation at regular rhythm. However, the theoretical VO2 values underestimated the measured VO2 values at the shortest ESIs under a high volume loading and in a high contractile state. This indicates that the PVA concept can be expanded to various arrhythmias unless ESI becomes very short.
BLOOD PRESSURE STUDY
Authors: Arthur M. Master
Journal: JAMA (1953)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> My associates and I are engaged in a study of the blood pressure in persons aged 65 and over. The study is sponsored by the New York Heart Association. Early in September we mailed questionnaires to 17,000 physicians throughout the country. Each physician received a letter of instruction for filling out the questionnaire. It was suggested that he supply blood pressure and other data on six cases, if possible. Thus far the number of responses has been disappointingly small. Although we realize that a relatively short time has elapsed since the questionnaires were sent out, we are afraid that many physicians may not appreciate the value of this study and the fact that it will fail unless they give their full cooperation. In order to bring these facts to the attention of the medical profession, we would appreciate it if you could mention the project, and urge
Increased risk of osteoporotic fractures in patients with systemic sclerosis: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Chien-Chih Lai, Shu-Hung Wang, Wei-Sheng Chen, Chia-Jen Liu, Tzeng-Ji Chen, Pui-Ching Lee, Yu-Sheng Chang
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

To identify the incidence rate (IR) and risk factors of osteoporotic fractures (OFs) among systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients.A cohort study was conducted using the Taiwan National Health Insurance database. Patients with SSc and respective age- and gender-matched controls without SSc were enrolled. The primary endpoint was the first occurrence of OF. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to investigate the risk factor of OFs in the SSc cohort.Among 1712 SSc patients (77.8% female, mean age 50.3 years) with a median follow-up of 5.2 years, 54 patients developed vertebral fractures, 17 patients developed hip fractures, and 7 patients developed radius fractures (IR: 6.99, 2.18 and 0.90 per 1000 person-years, respectively). Compared with the controls, the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) (95% CIs) among SSc patients were 1.78 (1.30 to 2.39, p<0.001) for vertebral fractures and 1.89 (1.05 to 3.22, p=0.026) for hip fractures. The IRRs for overall OFs were 1.74 (1.32 to 2.27, p<0.001) for women and 1.06 (0.33 to 2.66, p=0.856) for men. The SSc patients experienced hip fractures at a younger age (67.2 vs 75.2 years, p=0.005), and had a higher 1-year mortality rate (13% vs 3%, p=0.006) of vertebral fractures than did the controls. Multivariable Cox regression analyses indicated that older age, being female, using daily prednisolone equivalent to >7.5 mg, and bowel dysmotility treated with intravenous metoclopramide are associated with OF.SSc patients had a high IR of vertebral and hip fractures, especially those who were female, older, used a high dose of corticosteroid or experienced bowel dysmotility.
Relation between Myocardial Blood Flow and the Severity of Coronary-Artery Stenosis
Authors: Neal G. Uren, Jacques A. Melin, Bernard De Bruyne, William Wijns, Thierry Baudhuin, Paolo G. Camici
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

We assessed the relation between the severity of stenosis in a coronary artery and the degree of impairment of myocardial blood flow. Studies in laboratory animals have shown that as the degree of coronary-artery stenosis increases, the maximal coronary flow measured after maximal vasodilatation progressively decreases, with a concomitant decrease in basal flow. However, this relation has not been carefully documented in humans through measurement of myocardial blood flow.
Effects of Stress on Children Examined
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2022 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Variations in measles vaccine–specific humoral immunity by polymorphisms in SLAM and CD46 measles virus receptors
Authors: Neelam Dhiman, Gregory A. Poland, Julie M. Cunningham, Robert M. Jacobson, Inna G. Ovsyannikova, Robert A. Vierkant, Yanhong Wu, V. Shane Pankratz
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)