tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prenatal Diagnosis of G<sub>M1</sub>-Gangliosidosis
Authors: J. Alexander Lowden, Ernest Cutz, Patrick E. Conen, Noreen Rudd, Terrance A. Doran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Amniocentesis at 14 weeks' gestation on a mother who had previously had an affected child demonstrated Type 1 GM1-gangliosidosis. β-galactosidase activity was absent in cell-free amniotic fluid (normal, 33.2 ± 16 nmoles methylumbelliferyl β-D-galactoside hydrolysed per milliliter per hour). The enzyme activity in extracts of cultured amniocytes was 1 per cent of that in normal cells. The pregnancy was terminated by hysterotomy at 17 weeks' gestation. Vacuolation and abnormal inclusions were seen by light and electron microscopy in epon-embedded sections from brain, liver, kidney and other organs. Typical zebra bodies werefound in cells of the dorsal-rootganglions. β-galactosidase activity was present but decreased in liver and brain from the affected fetus, whereas sphingomyelinase activity was increased two to six times that in controls.
Humoral Immune Response During Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting : A Comparison of Limited Approach, "Off-Pump" Technique, and Conventional Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: A. Diegeler, N. Doll, T. Rauch, D. Haberer, T. Walther, V. Falk, J. Gummert, R. Autschbach, F.-W. Mohr
Journal: Circulation (2000)

The introduction of limited approaches to the heart and the avoidance of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) aim to reduce the invasiveness of CABG by decreasing the systemic release of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8, as well as the anti-inflammatory agent IL-10. This study compares the humoral immune response in patients undergoing CABG with standard, minimally invasive, and "off-pump" techniques.Thirty patients were divided into 3 operative groups: full sternotomy approach plus CPB (group A); full sternotomy approach, off pump (group B); and limited left anterior thoracotomy, off pump (group C). Plasma levels of TNF-alpha receptors p55 and p75, IL 6, IL-8, and IL-10 were taken at baseline, during CPB, and at 4, 24, and 48 hours and 6 days after surgery. A significant increased release of activated complement factors C5a and C3d, IL-8, and IL-10 was observed in patients subjected to CPB (group A) during the initial period and for a short time after perfusion (P:<0.05). TNF-alpha receptors p55 and p75 showed a prolonged elevation (up to 48 hours) in the CPB group compared with the 2 off-pump groups. IL-6 showed no different release among the 3 surgical groups throughout the entire period. There was no significant difference in any parameter measured in relation to the type of operative approach.There is an inflammatory, as well as an anti-inflammatory, response during CABG that is related to the general surgical trauma. The release of immune mediators is enhanced by the use of CPB during various perioperative and postoperative phases. The type of operative approach did not influence this immune response.
Effect of breast-feeding on pituitary-ovarian function after childbirth
Authors: J Bonnar, M Franklin, P N Nott, A S Mcneilly
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Pituitary and ovarian function at the end of pregnancy and during the first six weeks after delivery was investigated serially in women who fully breast-fed their infants and in women who did not. In the women who did not breast-feed the plasma prolactin level decreased rapidly and from the third day after delivery was significantly lower than in the breast-feeding mothers, reaching the normal range of the menstrual cycle by the third week of the puerperium. In the breast-feeding mothers the plasma prolactin was still raised six weeks after delivery. The levels of FSH in both groups were identical and increased over the third week of the puerperium. Plasma oestrogen fell steeply in both groups during the first two weeks after delivery. In the breast-feeding mothers plasma oestrogen remained depressed but increased in the non-lactating women, reflecting follicular development in the ovary in response to FSH; the plasma oestrogen levels were significantly higher in the non-lactating women from the 17th day of the puerperium onwards. These findings support the concept that in breast-feeding women prolactin delays the return of ovulation by inhibiting the ovarian response to FSH stimulation.
MEDICAL ASPECTS OF FLIGHT ABOVE THE ATMOSPHERE
Authors: Paul A. Campbell
Journal: JAMA (1952)

During August, 1951, it was announced in the newspapers that the flight of William Bridgeman in the Douglas D-558-2 Skyrocket had broken all existing manned altitude records. The exact altitude was not reported publicly; however, it was admitted to have been above the former balloon record of 72,395 ft., held by Stevens and Anderson.1Mr. Bridgeman's record is significant if one realizes that at the admitted altitude he was above at least 95% of the substance of atmosphere, or, stated in another way, the penetration of 5% more of its substance would have placed him in space; however, the actual remaining distance was great. Of similar significance, more than a year ago the second stage of an unmanned two stage rocket, the WAC Corporal,2reached an altitude of approximately 250 miles (1,320,000 ft). From a practical functional viewpoint, this rocket at the peak of its journey was in
DEVELOPMENT OF STREPTOMYCIN RESISTANCE DURING TREATMENT
Authors: MAXWELL FINLAND
Journal: JAMA (1946)

The early laboratory and clinical experiences with streptomycin have already indicated that the problem of acquired resistance may be of considerably greater importance with this agent than with the sulfonamides or with penicillin.<sup>1</sup>The rapid development of extreme degrees of streptomycin fastness during the course of seemingly adequate treatment in a number of consecutive cases of urinary tract infections caused by a variety of gram-negative bacteria that were initially sensitive to streptomycin has prompted this report. <h3>CASES, MATERIALS AND METHODS</h3> The cases of urinary tract infections selected for therapeutic trial with streptomycin were in persons with chronic pyelonephritis or cystitis due to gramnegative bacilli and preferably uncomplicated by other major pathologic conditions of the genitourinary tract. All had moderate or advanced pyuria and bacilluria which had failed to respond to treatment by the usual methods. Cases of infections associated with a single organism were desired but 2 with multiple
Pathogenesis of Adult Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: R. C. Wingfield
Journal: BMJ (1942)

ILEITIS MEDICAL JOURNAL637but was abandoned because of the complications found during operative procedure.A resection of the affected ileum, caecum, and part of the colon is obviously the correct method of treatment in all cases except those in which the infection is quiescent, and it now seems to be generally recognized that a two-stage operation is to be preferred.Mayo and Judd (1941) gave the mortality rate as 22% for cases subjected to a one-stage operation, and only 3 % when a preliminary short circuit had been done.The delay between stages is open to variation in individual cases, but there is no object in unduly delaying the resection, and we feel that one month might be considered to be the optimum interval.Additional safety may be obtained in a single-stage operation by the exteriorization of the anastomosis or by a temporary enterostomy or colostomy.Mayo and Judd advised leaving out the proximal portion of the transverse colon and using it as a temporary colostomy.There will be certain advanced types of lesion, complicated by fistula formation and adhesions, which cannot possibly be treated along any set lines.In these cases surgical treatment may be extremely difficult and hazardous, and will probably have to be carried out in multiple stages. SummaryTwo cases of regional ileitis (Crohn's disease) in women aged 22 and 18 are described, especially from the aspects of diagnosis and treatnient.The importance of roentgenological examina- tion of the intestinal tract after a barium meal as an aid to diagnosis and the advisability of a two-stage operation are indicated.We are indebted to Dr.
What memory is for action: The gap between percepts and concepts
Authors: Yves Rossetti, Emmanuel Procyk
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

The originality of Glenberg's theoretical account lies in the claim that memory works in the service of physical interaction with the three-dimensional world. Little consideration is given, however, to the role of memory in action. We present and discuss data on spatial memory for action. These empirical data constitute the first step of reasoning about the link between memory and action, and allow several aspects of Glenberg's theory to be tested.
Nasal manifestations of rheumatic diseases
Authors: N S Jones
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1999)

What should a rheumatologist know about nasal disorders? In a significant minority of patients with rheumatological disorders nasal symptoms and signs are part of the picture and can help in establishing a diagnosis.

To illustrate this point, over 50% of patients with Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG) have nasal symptoms and signs at presentation and these have a positive predictive value of 63%, while a positive nasal biopsy has a positive predictive factor of 100%.1 The most common nasal symptoms in these patients are nasal obstruction and discharge but it is the unusual symptom of crusting that should alert the clinician and helps differentiate these patients from those with other more common rhinological conditions. (This is important as approximately 19% of most populations have nasal symptoms and nasal obstruction as part of their rhinosinusitis.2 The majority have seasonal allergic rhinitis (16%) while the remainder have perennial allergic rhinitis, chronic infective rhinosinusitis, idiopathic rhinitis or systemic disease that affects the nose.3) Apart from nasal crusting or progressive bilateral nasal obstruction, other symptoms of WG include a minor epistaxis, whistling if there is a septal perforation, a reduction in sense of smell, and through this taste.

You do not need any sophisticated equipment to inspect the nasal mucosa. An otoscope with a large speculum allows a good view of the nasal mucosa as long as the patient is asked to breathe through their mouth to avoid condensation on the lens. Alternatively elevate the tip of the nose upwards with your thumb and inspect the anterior third of the nose with the light from a pen torch. …
Evolution and Animal Models
Authors: Lawrence A. Hansen, Ray Greek
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Catheter ablation of accessory pathways with a direct approach. Results in 35 patients.
Authors: J F Warin, M Haissaguerre, P Lemetayer, J P Guillem, P Blanchot
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Thirty-five consecutive patients with an overt accessory pathway, all but two suffering from arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation, reciprocating tachycardia, or both), underwent attempted transcatheter ablation (fulguration) of their accessory pathway. Thirty-three patients had been treated with a mean of 2.3 +/- 1.4 antiarrhythmic drugs. A standard bipolar catheter was positioned on the internal surface of the right or left atrioventricular anulus with 1) a subclavian approach of the right cardiac cavities in 29 patients with right-sided accessory pathway (n = 27) or left posteroseptal accessory pathway (n = 2), 2) a patent foramen ovale in five patients (two with a left posterolateral accessory pathway and three with a left parietal accessory pathway), and a transseptal catheterism (one patient with a left parietal accessory pathway). Cathodic shocks (mean, 4.3 shocks/patient) with a mean cumulative energy of 690 J enabled the ablation (disappearance of both anterograde and retrograde conduction) of the accessory pathway in 32 patients with a follow-up ranging from 1 to 32 months (mean, 10 +/- 8 months). Two of the remaining three accessory pathways were impaired: one pathway became intermittent, the anterograde effective refractory period of the second pathway increased from 260 to 410 msec, and the third pathway was slightly impaired. This latter patient is the only one who still requires therapy, with a single antiarrhythmic drug. All others are free of arrhythmias and require no therapy. Not using coronary sinus catheterism inclusive of its os has led to only a few, benign side effects. Only one third-degree atrioventricular block occurred in a posteroseptal accessory pathway ablation. Three cases of patients with incessant reciprocating tachycardia involving a further successful ablation occurred at the beginning of our experience. The best area for ablation is, in our opinion, the recording site for the Kent-bundle activity (18 of 35 patients), but a meticulous mapping of the atrioventricular anulus during orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia makes ablation possible when the shortest ventriculoatrial time (V-A') can be recorded with reliability (mean, 85 +/- 18 msec). Such a procedure is an alternative to surgical ablation regardless of the location of the accessory pathway--not only posteroseptally.
Longevity and Cardiovascular Mortality among Former College Athletes
Authors: ANTHONY P. POLEDNAK
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Among 681 former Harvard College athletes (lettermen), longevity and cardiovascular mortality differed not by type of sport but by extent of participation. Relative to one-letter and two-letter athletes, men with three or more letters died slightly earlier from natural causes, and significantly more often and slightly earlier from cardiovascular diseases and (specifically) coronary heart disease. The three-or-more-letter athletes differed in physique, being significantly more mesomorphic (muscular, bony) than the other two groups. Further analysis suggested that physique did not account for these differences; other possible explanations were discussed.
Effect of teaching on students' attitudes to self-poisoning.
Authors: J H Barber, G K Hodgkin, A R Patel, G M Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The attitudes of students, resident house physicians, and medical social workers towards 10 medical conditions were assessed in relation to both personal attitudes and the opinions expressed of the attitudes of the medical profession. Final-year students and house physicians showed unfavourable attitudes towards self-poisoning in contrast to fourth-year students and medical social workers. The fourth-year students were given the opportunity to admit patients referred to hospital with self-poisoning and visited the family doctor and the patient after discharge. After this exposure there was a subjective impression that the students became more interested in the problems of use self-poisoned patients, and this was supported by a review of their attitudes at the end of the teaching project.
Endogenous Small RNA Clusters in Plants
Authors: Yong-Xin Liu, Meng Wang, Xiu-Jie Wang
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2014)

Abstract In plants, small RNAs (sRNAs) usually refer to non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) with lengths of 20–24 nucleotides. sRNAs are involved in the regulation of many essential processes related to plant development and environmental responses. sRNAs in plants are mainly grouped into microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and the latter can be further classified into trans-acting siRNAs (ta-siRNAs), repeat-associated siRNAs (ra-siRNAs), natural anti-sense siRNAs (nat-siRNAs), etc. Many sRNAs exhibit a clustered distribution pattern in the genome. Here, we summarize the features and functions of cluster-distributed sRNAs, aimed to not only provide a thorough picture of sRNA clusters (SRCs) in plants, but also shed light on the identification of new classes of functional sRNAs.
MRSA: to disclose or not to disclose?
Authors: Aran Singanayagam
Journal: BMJ (2007)

During my first foundation programme appointment as a new doctor, I was called by the nurses to speak to a relatively young patient who had spent a considerable time on the ward. The patient was clinically well and progressing with physiotherapy, but a recent superficial nose swab had cultured methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). As a result, the patient had been promptly isolated to a side room, and the nurses now wanted a doctor to explain the swab result. They …
Controlled trial of methylprednisolone pulses and low dose oral prednisone for the minimal change nephrotic syndrome.
Authors: E Imbasciati, R Gusmano, A Edefonti, P Zucchelli, C Pozzi, C Grassi, M Della Volpe, F Perfumo, P Petrone, M Picca
Journal: BMJ (1985)

In a multicentre, randomised, prospective trial 89 patients (67 children and 22 adults) with the minimal change nephrotic syndrome were treated with three intravenous pulses of methylprednisolone followed by low dose oral prednisone for six months (group given methylprednisolone) or with high dose oral prednisone for four weeks followed by low dose oral prednisone for five months (control group). Five patients in the group given methylprednisolone and one in the control group did not respond initially. The time to response was shorter in children treated with methylprednisolone. No significant differences between the two groups were observed in the number of patients who relapsed or number of relapses per patient per year. Patients given methylprednisolone tended to relapse earlier than patients in the control group. Side effects related to treatment were significantly fewer in the group given methylprednisolone than in the control group. These data suggest that a short course of methylprednisolone pulses followed by low dose oral prednisone is only marginally less effective than a regimen of high dose oral steroids but can improve the ratio of risk to benefit associated with treatment of the minimal change nephrotic syndrome.
Thieme Atlas of Anatomy: General Anatomy and Musculoskeletal System Thieme Atlas of Anatomy: Neck and Internal Organs
Authors: Jason M. Organ
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
"GLYCEROL—A SUGAR FORMER"
Authors: William S. McCann
Journal: JAMA (1925)

To the Editor:  —In the issue of September 12 appears a current comment on glycerol. The point is well taken, without doubt, especially since one Baltimore newspaper and a national press bureau widely heralded glycerin as a cure for diabetes about a year ago. Doubtless many patients took this newspaper authority as license to use glycerol ad libitum as an addition to the diet. Probably many physicians have likewise used glycerin without a full understanding of its relationship to carbohydrate metabolism.  Beginning in 1922, with Dr. R. R. Hannon, I experimented with glycerol as a substitute for carbohydrate. It was known that glycerol was a sugar former and that it was antiketogenic. It seemed possible that to a certain extent glycerol could be oxidized as such, that is, without conversion into glucose, and that it might exert its antiketogenic effect without being so converted. Cremer had found that glycerol given
Fecundity of Patients With Schizophrenia, Autism, Bipolar Disorder, Depression, Anorexia Nervosa, or Substance Abuse vs Their Unaffected Siblings
Authors: Robert A. Power, Simon Kyaga, Rudolf Uher, James H. MacCabe, Niklas Långström, Mikael Landen, Peter McGuffin, Cathryn M. Lewis, Paul Lichtenstein, Anna C. Svensson
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2012)

It is unknown how genetic variants conferring liability to psychiatric disorders survive in the population despite strong negative selection. However, this is key to understanding their etiology and designing studies to identify risk variants.To examine the reproductive fitness of patients with schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders vs their unaffected siblings and to evaluate the level of selection on causal genetic variants.We measured the fecundity of patients with schizophrenia, autism, bipolar disorder, depression, anorexia nervosa, or substance abuse and their unaffected siblings compared with the general population.Population databases in Sweden, including the Multi-Generation Register and the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register.In total, 2.3 million individuals among the 1950 to 1970 birth cohort in Sweden.Fertility ratio (FR), reflecting the mean number of children compared with that of the general population, accounting for age, sex, family size, and affected status.Except for women with depression, affected patients had significantly fewer children (FR range for those with psychiatric disorder, 0.23-0.93; P < 10-10). This reduction was consistently greater among men than women, suggesting that male fitness was particularly sensitive. Although sisters of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder had increased fecundity (FR range, 1.02-1.03; P < .01), this was too small on its own to counterbalance the reduced fitness of affected patients. Brothers of patients with schizophrenia and autism showed reduced fecundity (FR range, 0.94-0.97; P < .001). Siblings of patients with depression and substance abuse had significantly increased fecundity (FR range, 1.01-1.05; P < 10-10). In the case of depression, this more than compensated for the lower fecundity of affected individuals.Our results suggest that strong selection exists against schizophrenia, autism, and anorexia nervosa and that these variants may be maintained by new mutations or an as-yet unknown mechanism. Bipolar disorder did not seem to be under strong negative selection. Vulnerability to depression, and perhaps substance abuse, may be preserved by balancing selection, suggesting the involvement of common genetic variants in ways that depend on other genes and on environment.