tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Review Body report
Authors: T Healey
Journal: BMJ (1979)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Previous studies have reported anomalies in the arcuate fasciculus (AF) lateralization in developmental dyslexia (DD). Still, the relationship between AF lateralization and literacy skills in DD remains largely unknown. The purpose of our study is to investigate the relationship between the lateralization of the AF anterior segment (AFAS), AF long segment (AFLS), and AF posterior segment (AFPS) in connection to literacy skills in DD. The participants included 26 children with dyslexia and 31 age-matched children in the control group. High angular diffusion imaging, combined with spherical deconvolution tractography, was used to reconstruct the AF. Connectivity measures of hindrance-modulated oriented anisotropy (HMOA) were computed for each of the three segments of the AF: anterior segment (AFAS), long segment (AFLS), and posterior segment (AFPS). The lateralization index (LI) of each AF segment was calculated by (right HMOA - left HMOA) / (right HMOA + left HMOA). Results showed that the LIs of AFAS and AFLS were positively correlated with reading accuracy in children with dyslexia. Specifically, the LI of AFAS was positively correlated with text and nonword reading accuracy, while the LI of AFLS accounted for word reading accuracy. The results suggest adaptive compensation of arcuate fasciculus lateralization in developmental dyslexia and functional dissociation of the anterior segment and long segment in the compensation.
Asthma in New Zealand.
Authors: I W Grant
Journal: BMJ (1983)

not be forthcoming from anywhere else. Politically it sometimes seems to be under a cloud because of doubtful ethics in the advertising and selling of their products. Sometimes there is criticism of the profits they make. Yet the industry is responsible for most of the major therapeutic advances in medicine. Certainly it makes advances available to a wide medical public by marketing. Doctors are obviously needed in the industry in both laboratory and clinical work, and to maintain liaison with doctors in all fields of medicine. Doctors in the industry are also needed to assess medical publications and the worth of the ideas they contain to see if they might be exploited, for the benefit of the public and the firm. Moreover, these doctors carry a heavy responsibility in writing up drug information sheets for doctors who will prescribe their products and so in providing unbiased information in a commercial world. Doctors of high calibre are needed, and normally will be expected to hold higher degrees or diplomas. Advertisements for vacant posts appear regularly in the medical journals. Anyone who is interested might also write to the medical director of any of the major pharmaceutical companies for career advice. Law and medicine
Oxidized phospholipids inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 in human macrophages via nuclear factor-κB/IκB- and ERK2-dependent mechanisms
Authors: Sonia Eligini, Marta Brambilla, Cristina Banfi, Marina Camera, Luigi Sironi, Silvia Stella Barbieri, Johan Auwerx, Elena Tremoli, Susanna Colli
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) or their components suppress macrophage inflammatory response by down-regulating cytokine synthesis, nitric oxide synthase and inducible cyclooxygenase (Cox-2). This event is crucial for the pathophysiological process leading to the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. Our present study focused on the mechanisms through which oxidized phospholipids inhibit LPS-induced Cox-2 expression in human macrophages.Macrophages were incubated with a mixture of oxidized fragmented phospholipids (ox-PAPC), present in modified LDL, and then exposed to LPS. Cox-2 was evaluated in terms of protein levels, mRNA and activity.Ox-PAPC dose-dependently inhibited Cox-2 protein, mRNA and activity by preventing NF-kappaB binding to DNA. This effect was consequent to alterations of the degradation pattern of IkappaBalpha. Moreover, ox-PAPC markedly prevented extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK2) activation, leading to Cox-2 expression, whereas activation of the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) was not influenced.ox-PAPC down-regulates LPS-induced Cox-2 expression in human macrophages by targeting both NF-kappaB/IkappaB and ERK2 pathways. An altered inflammatory response by macrophages within atheromata may contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis.
Role of Thrombin Compared With Factor Xa in the Procoagulant Activity of Whole Blood Clots
Authors: Nelson A. Prager, Dana R. Abendschein, Clark R. McKenzie, Paul R. Eisenberg
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Thrombi are known to induce activation of the coagulation system, which may be a mechanism for progression of thrombosis and its recurrence after thrombolysis. This study was designed to characterize the relative role of thrombin and activated factor X (factor Xa) as mediators of procoagulant activity of whole blood clots in blood and plasma.Clots formed from human blood were incubated in recalcified (25 mmol/L CaCl2) citrated plasma or nonanticoagulated blood with increasing concentrations of recombinant desulfatohirudin (hirudin) to inhibit thrombin activity, recombinant tick anticoagulant peptide (TAP) or recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) to inhibit factor Xa, or heparin. Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) was assayed serially as an index of procoagulant (thrombin) activity. FPA generation was greatly accelerated by addition of clots to recalcified plasma (from 1251 +/- 211 ng/mL after 15 minutes without clot to 5916 +/- 1412 ng/mL with clot, n = 7, P < .01) or whole blood (4803 +/- 761 ng/mL with clot compared with 546 +/- 233 without clot, n = 5, P < .05) and was attenuated by inhibitors of thrombin (> 90% inhibition of FPA with 0.05 mumol/L hirudin and 1.0 U/mL heparin) and factor Xa (> 90% inhibition of FPA with 1.0 mumol/L TAP and 0.15 mumol/L TFPI) in a concentration-dependent manner. Preincubation of clots with tissue-type plasminogen activator sufficient to induce partial clot lysis increased the rate of thrombin-induced FPA generation by increasing the surface area of clot exposed to plasma. However, procoagulant activity induced by partially lysed clots was attenuated by lower concentrations of both thrombin and Xa inhibitors, presumably because access of the inhibitors to bound procoagulant molecules was facilitated. Comparable results were obtained with incubations in nonanticoagulated blood.These results indicate that factor Xa is primarily responsible for the procoagulant activity of clots in vitro and suggest a potential molecular mechanism for the observed efficacy of inhibitors of factor Xa in preventing recurrent thrombosis after coronary thrombolysis.
The bleeding score predicts clinical outcomes and replacement therapy in adults with von Willebrand disease
Authors: Augusto B. Federici, Paolo Bucciarelli, Giancarlo Castaman, Maria G. Mazzucconi, Massimo Morfini, Angiola Rocino, Mario Schiavoni, Flora Peyvandi, Francesco Rodeghiero, Pier Mannuccio Mannucci
Journal: Blood (2014)
Characterization of signaling pathways to na+/H+ exchanger activation with epidermal growth factor in hepatocytes
Authors: Yuji Tanaka, Norio Hayashi, Akira Kaneko, Toshifumi Ito, Masayoshi Horimoto, Yutaka Sasaki, Akinori Kasahara, Hideyuki Fusamoto, Takenobu Kamada
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

To investigate the signaling pathways to Na+/H+ exchanger activation with epidermal growth factor in hepatocytes, we measured changes in cytosolic free calcium and intracellular pH levels at the single–cell level using digital imaging fluorescence microscopy of fura–2—or BCECF–loaded hepatocytes in primary culture. Epidermal growth factor induced cytosolic free calcium oscillations consisting of periodic trains of spikes with a latency period of up to several minutes. These calcium responses were inhibited by tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein (100 μmol/L) and abolished by emptying of intracellular Ca2+ pools with 3 μmol/L thapsigargin, an inhibitor of Ca2+–ATPase on the endoplasmic reticulum. Epidermal growth factor (1 nmol/L) induced an intracellular pH increase of 0.12 ± 0.07 units from the basal level of 7.25 ± 0.09 units after several minutes of latency. This effect was completely abolished by 1 mmol/L amiloride, an inhibitor of the Na+/H+ exchanger. The epidermal growth factor—induced intracellular pH increase was inhibited by pretreatment of hepatocytes with genistein (100 μmol/L), thapsigargin (3 μmol/L) or calmodulin inhibitor W–7 (25 μmol/L), but not with protein kinase C inhibitor H–7 (50 μmol/L) or with cyclic AMP—dependent kinase inhibitor H–8 (60 μmol/L). Phorbol ester PMA (phorbol 12–myristate 13–acetate), a potent activator of protein kinase C, induced a slight intracellular pH increase significantly smaller than that with epidermal growth factor, whereas this effect was completely blocked by pretreatment with H–7, indicating that PMA–induced intracellular pH increase is mediated by protein kinase C pathways, unlike epidermal growth factor. These data indicate that epidermal growth factor—induced intracellular pH increase mediated by activation of Na+/H+ exchanger in primary cultured hepatocytes depends on tyrosine kinase and is downstream from Ca2+ mobilization and Ca2+–calmodulin—dependent pathways. (Hepatology 1994;20:966-974).
Why have sex?
Authors: J. L. Mackay
Journal: BMJ (2001)

It started as a comment that a sex atlas was needed as one of a series of atlases, covering health, social, and political issues, some of which I had written. I have never been allowed to forget my reply: “I don't know much about sex, but I do know how to write atlases.”

I had no idea that it would take me five years to research statistics on sex worldwide or that it would be so difficult. In contrast to health statistics, there is no central depository for global sex information. In most countries there are few sexology institutes or specialists, and only a handful of countries have comprehensive statistics.

In some countries laws relating to sex may be disregarded—for example, parental decisions can override the legal minimal age of marriage. Sex research, where it exists, is usually fertility related rather than sex oriented. Even definitions vary. There is no agreed definition of sex …
Effects of the Carbohydrase Inhibitor Miglitol in Sulfonylurea-Treated NIDDM Patients
Authors: Peter S Johnston, Robert F Coniff, Byron J Hoogwerf, Julio V Santiago, F Xavier Pi-Sunyer, Alice Krol
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of the carbohydrase inhibitor miglitol (BAY m 1099) on the metabolic profiles of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients suboptimally controlled on maximal daily doses of sulfonylurea (SFU) agents. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled 14-week clinical trial with six-week, single-blind placebo lead-in and run-out periods. NIDDM volunteers (192) with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 140–250 mg/dl and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 6.5–12.0% after at least 4 weeks of treatment with SFU at maximal dose were stratified by baseline HbA1c (above and below 9.0%) and then randomly assigned within strata to placebo (n = 63), 50 mg miglitol 3 times a day (n = 61), or 100 mg miglitol 3 times a day (n = 68). Efficacy was assessed by HbA1c, FPG, insulin, and lipid concentrations, and by plasma glucose and serum insulin responses to a standard meal. RESULTS In the 50 and 100 mg miglitol treatment groups, the mean changes from baseline in HbA1c (with placebo values subtracted) were 0.82 and 0.74%, respectively, and were highly significant (P = 0.0001 in each case). Mean peak plasma glucose levels after a standard test meal were comparably lowered by 57 mg/dl with the 50 mg miglitol dose, and by 64 mg/dl with the 100 mg miglitol dose compared with placebo (P = 0.0001 for each), with associated reductions in integrated serum insulin response (P &amp;lt; 0.05). No significant drug-associated changes in FPG, insulin, or cholesterol levels were noted, but fasting triglyceride levels were lowered significantly with the 50 mg miglitol dose. Miglitol's side effects were limited to flatulence, loose stools, and abdominal discomfort, which were dose-related, rapidly resolved on drug discontinuation, and led to withdrawal from the study of 5 and 15% of patients taking 50 and 100 mg miglitol, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Miglitol may be indicated as effective adjuvant therapy in NIDDM patients with suboptimal metabolic control despite conventional treatment with diet and maximal daily doses of SFU. The dose of 50 mg miglitol 3 times a day may be preferable to 100 mg miglitol 3 times a day because of comparable efficacy and substantially reduced side effects.
Ten Reasons Why Lawrence Weed Is Right
Authors: J. Willis Hurst
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

THE innovations of Lawrence Weed concerning medical records are correct.1 The purpose of this note is to encourage all physicians to hear what he is saying. Here are 10 reasons why we must.In the first place, he has devised a medical-record system that encourages the student, house officer and practicing physician to use sound logic in his thoughts about patients. In this sense his system is the essence of education itself.Secondly, the display system that he has created for medical data enables one to use the record as efficiently as one uses a dictionary.Thirdly, he has devised . . .
Therapy for Collagenous Colitis
Authors: Donald E. Girard, Emmet B. Keeffe
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1987Therapy for Collagenous ColitisDONALD E. GIRARD, M.D., EMMET B. KEEFFE, M.D.DONALD E. GIRARD, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, EMMET B. KEEFFE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-106-6-909_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Recently, we had the opportunity to diagnose collagenous colitis (1, 2) and discover the utility of a therapeutic regimen different from those reported in the literature. This potential alternative treatment is bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto Bismol; Procter and Gamble, Cincinnati, Ohio).A 38-year-old previously healthy man was evaluated for watery diarrhea of 6-months' duration. He had had a 4-month course of watery diarrhea similar to the current episode 10 years previously. At that time stool culture failed to show pathogens and the diarrhea spontaneously resolved. The current illness was characterized by the occurrence of six to ten watery...References1. RAMSROGERSGHANDUR-MNAYMNEH HAL. Collagenous colitis. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:108-13. LinkGoogle Scholar2. GIARDIELLOBAYLESSJESSURUNHAMILTONYARDLEY FTJSJ. Collagenous colitis: physiologic and histopathologic studies in seven patients. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:46-9. LinkGoogle Scholar3. DUPONTSULLIVANEVANS HPD. Prevention of traveler's diarrhea (emporiatic enteritis). JAMA. 1980;243:237-41. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DONALD E. GIRARD, M.D.; EMMET B. KEEFFE, M.D.Affiliations: The Oregon Health Sciences University Portland, OR 97201 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byInterventions for treating collagenous colitisInterventions for treating collagenous colitisInterventions for Treating Collagenous Colitis: A Cochrane Inflammatory Bowel Disease Group Systematic Review of Randomized TrialsCollagenous Colitis, Eosinophilic Colitis, and Neutropenic ColitisCollagenous colitis pathophysiologic considerations 1 June 1987Volume 106, Issue 6Page: 909-909KeywordsBismuthColitisDiarrheaPathogens ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
The salutary effect of prior beta blocker therapy on clinical outcomes following primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction: a pooled analysis from the Primary Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction (PAMI:1), PAMI:2, and stent:PAMI trials
Authors: Kishore J. Harjai, Gregg W. Stone, Judith Boura, Lorelei Grines, Eulogia Garcia, Bruce Brodie, David Cox, William W. O'Neill, Cindy Grines
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Doctors' surgery shortlisted for Stirling prize
Authors: A. Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2001)

A general practice that “charms” its unpromising site with its “sculptural form” has been shortlisted for architecture's most prestigious award, the Stirling prize.

The £1.2m ($1.8m) curved white building, which is next to the Hammersmith flyover in west London, houses a four-partner practice and was completed last year.

It is the first newly …
Endoscopic Interpretation: Normal and Pathologic Appearances of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Ann Ouyang
Journal: JAMA (1985)

This book is aimed at endoscopists, which will include gastroenterologists and surgeons, and is an attempt by the author to give a description of both technique of the procedures and normal and abnormal findings. Endoscopy of the intestinal tract is becoming increasingly widespread, and it has expanded from having only a diagnostic role to also having a therapeutic role in many cases. Its usefulness depends on the ability of the endoscopist to accurately diagnose the lesion seen and, having identified it, to treat it appropriately. The only way to diagnose accurately a lesion seen by endoscopy is to recognize it, ie, to have seen it before. In general, this requires the performance of a large number of endoscopies with someone who has greater experience. Because it is unlikely that one will see everything while in training, a book such as this is very welcome and provides a valuable resource both
Therapeutic Advantages of an Inotropic Vasodilator in Endotoxin Shock
Authors: John H. Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Mortality in septic shock is high in patients with compromised myocardial or renal function, and deterioration and death of such patients is frequently associated with progressive myocardial and renal failure.<sup>1</sup>Hinshaw and his colleagues<sup>2,3</sup>suggested that<i>Escherichia coli</i>endotoxin administration decreased renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and tubular transport. More recently, Gillenwater et al,<sup>4</sup>demonstrated that a direct renal vasoconstriction was produced by injection of endotoxin directly into the renal artery, and showed that this could largely be prevented by infusion of phentolamine hydrochloride into the renal artery. With regard to the heart, it has been shown experimentally that endotoxin has a depressant effect on myocardial contractility,<sup>5</sup>and clinically, that there is a progressive decrease in the ventricular function relationships of patients in septic shock.<sup>6</sup>The studies of Zweifach et al,<sup>7</sup>and of Spink and his colleagues,<sup>8</sup>have suggested that increased production of
DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION INDUCED BY MILD HYPOTHERMIA ALTERS LEFT VENTRICULAR FILLING IN A PORCINE MODEL
Authors: Andreas W. Espinoza, Helge Skulstad, Viesturs Kerans, Per Steinar Halvorsen, Jacob Bergsland, Jan Fredrik Bugge, Thor Edvardsen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Effects of a Chemical Sunscreen on UV-Induced Changes of Different Histological Features in Melanocytic Nevi
Authors: Cesare Massone, Peter Wolf, Stephan Gringschl, H. Peter Soyer, Rainer Hofmann-Wellenhof
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Several studies have investigated the effect of UV radiation on melanocytic nevi by using different approaches and different sources and types of irradiation.1 We read with interest the work of Carrera et al,2 and we would like to describe our experience also.
Kenneth Samuel Williamson
Authors: W R Lee
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Rheumatologist who bridged the gaps between cardiology, rheumatology, and herbal medicine John Cosh had many interests in clinical medicine but his main contributions were his long term studies of the effects of rheumatoid arthritis, co-discovery of the genes associated with rheumatoid arthritis, and his work on the benefits of herbal medicines.In 1973, with R K Jacoby and M I Jayson, he published an 11 year follow-up of 100 patients newly diagnosed as having rheumatoid arthritis (BMJ 1973;2(5858): 96-100) and followed them for a further 30 years, showing that rheumatoid arthritis is a progressive disease impairing function for decades after onset.By 2004 eight of the sample were severely disabled with rheumatoid arthritis, three were less disabled, and only five had normal functioning.Of the 84 who died, median survival was reduced by 10 to 11 years, and the leading cause of death was heart disease.In 1986 he published, with other rheumatologists, a study that showed the association of rheumatoid arthritis with several human lymphocyte antigens; the associations were stronger in patients with more advanced disease.John Cosh had originally wanted to be a heart surgeon, but his interests shifted towards cardiology and then to the cardiological aspects of rheumatology.He was born in Bristol, the son of a pharmacist.From Bristol Grammar School he won a
A ROENTGENOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE INFANT CHEST AS SEEN AT BIRTH
Authors: W. W. WASSON
Journal: JAMA (1924)

In a paper presented before the Radiological Society of North America, in December, 1922, I outlined some studies we were making concerning the normal chest. It was our conception that the pulmonary structures undergo certain changes from birth to old age as a result of environment and the normal fibrosis that takes place in body tissue from age, and that these changes, when viewed as a whole, must be considered as one great normal process. Since these changes are progressive, accumulative and never ending, we gave them the name "the progression of the chest." That is, there is a fibrous change which takes place in all tissue as a result of age, and which must be considered normal. Likewise, there are certain changes or deposits which take place in the lung tissue as a result of infection or dust irritation, and, if the lung masters this infection or irritation, it