tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
RESISTANT HYPERTENSION: A FREQUENT AND OMINOUS FINDING AMONG HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH ATHEROTHROMBOSIS
Authors: Dharam J. Kumbhani, Philippe Steg, Christopher Cannon, Kim Eagle, Sidney Smith, Kevin Crowley, Shinya Goto, Erik Ohman, George Bakris, Todd Perlstein, Scott Kinlay, Deepak Bhatt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Demographic parameters predict strongly all-cause and arrhythmic mortality in high risk patients after myocardial infarction in the thrombolytic era: a secondary analysis of survival trials
Authors: Yee Guan Yap, Trinh Duong, Martin Bland, Marek Malik, Christian Torp-Pederson, Lars Kober, Stuart Connolly, Bradley Marchant, A.John Camm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Doctors accept a challenge: self-assessment exercises in continuing medical education.
Authors: R M Harden, W R Dunn, T S Murray, J Rogers, C Stoane
Journal: BMJ (1979)

A new approach to continuing medical education by distance learning has been implemented. A series of six patient-management problems or challenges were posted to 20 000 doctors throughout Britain. Each doctor had to decide on the diagnosis, investigations, and treatment of the patients described. The challenges covered problems that were important in the doctor9s day-to-day work and were designed so that he could obtain immediate feedback about his decisions and compare his own responses with those of a specialist and those of his colleagues. Additional information was available by telephone and by post on request. The series has been well received and is being widely used.
Transposition of the Aorta and Pulmonary Artery
Authors: MAURICE CAMPBELL, S. SUZMAN
Journal: Circulation (1951)

Transposition of the aorta and pulmonary artery is now more frequently diagnosed in life. It must be distinguished from Fallot's tetralogy because it is not helped by the Blalock-Taussig operation: indeed, the blood flow to the lungs is increased instead of reduced. This picture of pleonemic lungs can be recognized by radioscopy and indicates a left to right shunt; when combined with central cyanosis, complete or partial transposition is the most common cause. The general picture seen in 25 cases, in 6 of which the diagnosis was confirmed by cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography, is described. Two cases where the features of transposition were obscured by the presence of pulmonary stenosis are included.
Dutch court supports whistle blowing surgeon
Authors: T. Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (1996)

A Dutch court has said that a leading children's hospital cannot ban one of its consultant paediatric surgeons after it claimed that he had given the hospital a bad name. The court in Utrecht ruled that the surgeon had merely voiced his concerns to colleagues and superiors over the quality of results in complex neonatal heart surgery. The court said that in doing this he was exercising his “professional responsibility” as a doctor.

Last December consultant paediatric cardiologist Dr Erik Jan Meijboom was given half an hour's notice …
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder—Reply
Authors: Benjamin H. Natelson
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
H-2 compatibility requirement for virus-specific T-cell-mediated cytolysis. Evaluation of the role of H-2I region and non-H-2 genes in regulating immune response.
Authors: R M Zinkernagel, M B Dunlop, R V Blanden, P C Doherty, D C Shreffler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and ectromelia virus-specific T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity was assayed in various strain combinations using as targets peritoneal macrophages which have been shown to express Ia antigens. Virus-specific cytotoxicity was found only in H-2K- or D-region compatible combinations. I-region compatibility was not necessary nor alone sufficient for lysis. Six different I-region specificities had no obvious effect on the capacity to generate in vivo specific cytotoxicity (expressed in vitro) associated with Dd. Low LCMV-specific cytotoxic activity generated in DBA/2 mice was caused by the non-H-2 genetic background. This trait was inversely related to the infectious virus dose and recessive. Non-H-2 genes, possibly involved in controlling initial spread and multiplication of virus, seem to be, at least in the examples tested, more important in determining virus-specific cytotoxic T-cell activity in spleens than are Ir genes coded in H-2.
THE RESTORATION OF LOST ORGAN TISSUE
Authors: T. Addis, W. Lew
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1940)

1. When half of the total kidney, suprarenal, ovarian, or testicular mass is removed the rate of growth of the remaining half is independent of the rate of growth of the organ at the time of removal. 2. The removal of half of the prostate, or seminal vesicular tissue, or of one uterine horn is not followed by any appreciable growth of the part that remains. 3. The rate of restoration of renal, ovarian, testicular, and suprarenal tissue after removal of half of these organs is at first very rapid, but quickly decelerates and at about 40 days after the removal there is a complete cessation of growth. 4. In none of these organs is all the lost tissue restored. In the testicle the 50 per cent left increases to 56 per cent and in the kidney, suprarenal, and ovary to 70 per cent of the original amount before operation.
Pulsed doppler flowmetry assessment of molsidomine and Molsidomine + Propranolol effects on portal haemodynamics patients with cirrhosis
Authors: J.L. Monnin, J.P. Vinel, J.P. Pascal, M. Dauzat, J.M. Bruel, F. Blanc, H. Michel, A. Le Quellec, A.J. Ciurana
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1989)
Albinterferon alfa-2b dosed every two or four weeks in interferon-naïve patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Stefan Zeuzem, Eric M. Yoshida, Yves Benhamou, Stephen Pianko, Vincent G. Bain, Daniel Shouval, Robert Flisiak, Vratislav Rehak, Mircea Grigorescu, Kelly Kaita, Patrick W. Cronin, Erik Pulkstenis, G. Mani Subramanian, John G. McHutchison
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

The efficacy and safety of albinterferon alfa-2b (alb-IFN), a novel recombinant protein consisting of interferon alfa-2b genetically fused to human albumin, was evaluated in a phase 2b, open-label study of patients with genotype 1, chronic hepatitis C. In all, 458 IFN-alfa treatment-naïve patients were randomized to 48-week treatment with peginterferon alfa (PEG-IFNα)-2a 180 μg one time per week (qwk), or alb-IFN 900 or 1,200 μg once every two weeks (q2wk), or 1,200 μg once every four weeks (q4wk), administered subcutaneously, plus weight-based oral ribavirin 1,000 or 1,200 mg/day. Hepatitis C virus RNA was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (limit of detection: 10 IU/mL). The primary efficacy endpoint was sustained virologic response (hepatitis C virus RNA <10 IU/mL 24 weeks after the end of treatment). By intention-to-treat analysis, sustained virologic response rates were 58.5% (69/118) with alb-IFN 900 μg q2wk, 55.5% (61/110) with 1,200 μg q2wk, and 50.9% (59/116) with 1,200 μg q4wk, and 57.9% (66/114) with PEG-IFNα-2a (P = 0.64 for overall test). Discontinuation rates due to adverse events were 9.3% with alb-IFN 900 μg q2wk, 18.2% with 1,200 μg q2wk and 12.1% with 1,200 μg q4wk, and 6.1% with PEG-IFNα-2a (P = 0.04). Hematologic reductions were lowest in the q4wk group and comparable across other groups. At week 12, mean treatment-associated missed workdays were significantly lower with alb-IFN 900 μg q2wk versus PEG-IFNα-2a (1.1 versus 4.3 days; P = 0.006). Conclusion: Alb-IFN administered q2wk or q4wk may offer comparable efficacy, with an improved dosing schedule, compared with PEG-IFNα-2a. (HEPATOLOGY 2008;48:407–417.)
Lithium Inhibition of cAMP-Mediated Hormones: A Caution
Authors: John N. Forrest
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

It is intriguing that lithium exerts profound effects on physiologic systems at concentrations (5 X 10–3M) markedly lower than the dominant extracellular and intracellular alkali metal cations, sodium and potassium. The recent widespread use of lithium salts as treatment for affective disorders has drawn attention to two of its side effects — diabetes insipidus1 , 2 and thyroid hypofunction.3 Diabetes insipidus has been observed in 12 per cent of patients receiving lithium2 and most studies have indicated that the defect is nephrogenic in origin for a number of reasons. First of all, in contrast to patients with pituitary diabetes insipidus or . . .
Renal Trapping of ln-111 Troponolate Labeled Platelets in Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: ERNST J. KUIPERS, THEO M. BROUWERS, HUGO J. A. HAZENBERG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

A patient with active thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura underwent examination with ln-111 troponolate labeled autologous platelets. A mean platelet survival of 1.2 days was found, comparable to formerly described studies using other methods. Furthermore, remarkable renal uptake of radioactivity consistent with abnormal platelet trapping was demonstrated. In the absence of any other signs of renal involvement, the conclusion was reached that the platelet scan is a sensitive and direct method for showing renal involvement in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
Head and Neck Infection After Renal Transplantation
Authors: John Reyna
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Infections of the head and neck were identified in 12 (9%) of 128 consecutive patients undergoing renal transplantation. The infections included sinusitis, otitis media, dental abscess, Ludwig's angina, parotitis, and nasal abscess. A significant correlation was found between the development of infection and juvenile-onset diabetes but not with previous splenectomy. None of the infections occurred during treatment of rejection episodes with corticosteroids. The clinical presentations and microbiologic agents causing the infections were similar to those found in nonimmunosuppressed patients.
MECHANISTIC IMPLICATION OF ELECTRONEGATIVE LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN SURGE IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
Authors: Chu-Huang Mendel Chen, Jonathan Xuhai Lu, Juliette Dean, Roger Huang, Yu-Chen Wang, MacArthur Elayda, Jianwen Dong, SHU HUA CHEN, Richard Dixon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Genome-wide association studies identify IL23R-IL12RB2 and IL10 as Behçet's disease susceptibility loci
Authors: Nobuhisa Mizuki, Akira Meguro, Masao Ota, Shigeaki Ohno, Tomoko Shiota, Tatsukata Kawagoe, Norihiko Ito, Jiro Kera, Eiichi Okada, Keisuke Yatsu, Yeong-Wook Song, Eun-Bong Lee, Nobuyoshi Kitaichi, Kenichi Namba, Yukihiro Horie, Mitsuhiro Takeno, Sunao Sugita, Manabu Mochizuki, Seiamak Bahram, Yoshiaki Ishigatsubo, Hidetoshi Inoko
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)
When to suspect child maltreatment: summary of NICE guidance
Authors: J. Saperia, M. Lakhanpaul, A. Kemp, D. Glaser
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Why read this summary?Maltreatment of children is common, with 538 500 reported referrals to social services departments in England 1 and 43 411 in Wales 2 in the year ending 31 March 2008, although these probably underestimate the true scale of the problem.Child maltreatment includes neglect; physical, sexual, and emotional abuse; and fabricated or induced illness.It may present in various ways to different healthcare professionals, who have a "duty . . . to be proactive in safeguarding children" 3 but often find it difficult to act on what they find.Child maltreatment has short and long term harmful effects on a child's health and wellbeing; emotional, interpersonal development; and behaviour; and in extreme circumstances it may lead to death.Children may present with both physical and psychological symptoms and signs that constitute alerting features of one or more types of maltreatment, which may also be observed as part of the interaction between the parent or carer and the child. 4 The effects of maltreatment may continue throughout adulthood and include physical disability or disfigurement as well as the profound psychological consequences of anxiety, depression, substance misuse, and self destructive or antisocial behaviours, which may lead to difficulties in forming or sustaining close relationships, sustaining employment, and parenting capacity. 3 Child maltreatment is under-recognised and inconsistently reported to children's social care by healthcare professionals in England and Wales. 5 The recent death of Baby Peter is yet another reminder of the consequences of missing the alerting features of child maltreatment. 6 The recently published guidance from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) aims to raise the awareness of healthcare professionals to the alerting features of child maltreatment. 7 It also aims to support healthcare professionals who are not specialists in child protection in identifying children who may be being maltreated and who require further multiagency assessment 8 to confirm or exclude child abuse or neglect.The scope of this guidance does not cover family and social risk factors, which may in
A capital idea
Authors: D. Spence
Journal: BMJ (2008)

I handed over my Visa card. The assistant disappeared, and the queue grew long and noisy. I twitched. “Sir, your card has been refused,” he said, confiscating the card. I flushed. I was a young and stupid student, so why had the bank given me the credit card? From a red call box in the dark driving rain I phoned my bank manager in Orkney. He knew me—his son had been in my class at school. Over the crackling line he gave me a thunderous rebuke on conservative …
Albuminuria in Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: GEORGE A. RACE, CHARLES H. SCHEIFLEY, JESSE E. EDWARDS
Journal: Circulation (1956)

Albuminuria may be an integral part of the picture of congestive heart failure. Of 161 patients in whom the histologic renal findings were considered to be either normal or to be of such a nature as not to be responsible in themselves for albuminuria, and in whom clinically obvious causes for albuminuria had been eliminated, 141, or 88 per cent, had albuminuria. The incidence of albuminuria was about equal among the various types of heart disease when heart failure existed. A trend existed for the grade of albuminuria to parallel the grade of heart failure. Based on a study of 21 patients, there seemed to be a correlation between the grade of albuminuria and the group of hypertension, according to funduscopic examination. No correlation was found between the grade of albuminuria on one hand and the systolic or diastolic values for blood pressure, the known duration of elevated blood pressure, the grades of hematuria or the values for blood urea on the other hand. Among the 161 patients with heart failure in our group 1 (kidneys either normal or containing lesions not judged to be causes for albuminuria), there was no predominant renal lesion associated with any one cardiac lesion.
Exhaled Nitric Oxide Concentrations during Treatment of Wheezing Exacerbation in Infants and Young Children
Authors: EUGENIO BARALDI, CINZIA DARIO, RICCARDO ONGARO, MASSIMO SCOLLO, NICOLETTA M. AZZOLIN, NICOLA PANZA, NICOLA PAGANINI, FRANCO ZACCHELLO
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

While it is known that exhaled nitric oxide (ENO) is increased in adults and school children with asthma exacerbation probably as an expression of disease activity, no studies have investigated whether this phenomenon also occurs in infants and young children with recurrent wheeze exacerbation. We measured ENO in 13 young children (mean age 20.2 mo) with recurrent wheeze (Group 1) during an acute episode and after 5 d of oral prednisone therapy. ENO was measured also in nine healthy control subjects (Group 2) (mean age 16.9 mo) and in six children with a first-time viral wheezy episode (Group 3) (mean age 11 mo). To measure ENO, infants inhaled NO-free air via a face mask from a reservoir and, through a nonrebreathing valve, exhaled in a collecting bag that was analyzed by chemiluminescence. To address the question of whether the levels of ENO collected in the bag are a reflection of the pulmonary airway, ENO determinations were performed in two healthy infants before and after tracheal intubation for elective surgery. During the acute episode of wheezing the mean (+/- SEM) value of ENO in children with recurrent wheeze (Group 1) was 14.1 +/- 1.8 ppb, almost threefold higher than in healthy control subjects (5.6 +/- 0.5 ppb, p < 0.001). After steroid therapy we found a mean fall of 52% in ENO (5.9 +/- 0.7 ppb, p < 0.01) compared with baseline values. ENO values measured before and after intubation in two infants were 6 ppb and 5 ppb in one child and 7 ppb and 6 ppb in the other one. The mean value of ENO of children with first-time wheeze (Group 3) was 8.3 +/- 1.3 ppb, significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the value of children with recurrent wheeze (Group 1). In conclusion, we describe a method to measure ENO in young children and show that infants with recurrent wheeze have elevated levels of ENO during exacerbation that rapidly decrease after steroid therapy. This suggests that, in these children, airway inflammation could be present at a very early stage.
Pituitary immunoreactive calcitonin-like material: Lack of evidence for cross-reactivity with pro-opiomelanocortin
Authors: Robert F. Gagel, Donal S. O'Briain, Edward F. Voelkel, Hubert J. Wolfe, Ronald A. DeLellis, Arthur K. Lee, Armen H. Tashjian
Journal: Metabolism (1983)
Seat Belts on School Buses
Authors: Martha Spital
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> As a parent, I appreciate the editorial entitled "Bless the Seats and the Children: The Physician and the Legislative Process."<sup>1</sup>I agree that "it is now timely and palatable to encourage state legislatures to assert themselves further in the protection of older children and adults."<sup>1</sup>School bus safety is a key issue that needs to be addressed. Our legislatures need to be convinced of the importance of seat belts on school buses. Not only do seat belts on school buses reduce injuries and fatalities,<sup>2</sup>but they also provide an important educational benefit. Children who wear seat belts on school buses carry over this lasting life-saving habit to all vehicles. Almost 20 school districts nationwide now have seat belts on their buses. One such district, Greenburgh, NY, which has had seat belts since 1979, reports an 80% to 100% usage rate. Several medical societies have
Interpret surgical outcome data with care
Authors: P. J E Holt, J. D Poloniecki, M. M Thompson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Surgical outcome measures available on the NHS Choices website (www.nhs.uk/Pages/Mortalityrates.aspx) included the number of operations performed, readmission rates, and a broad estimate of procedural risk.1 We believe the reported data were undermined by inaccuracy. Furthermore, the numerical data seemed to have been available only to the press, rather than being clearly in the public domain.2

The outcomes seemed to be based on secondary uses service data that may not …
THE VARIABILITY OF EXTRACELLULAR FLUID SPACE (SUCROSE) IN MAN DURING A 24 HOUR PERIOD WITH AN APPENDIX AN EXAMINATION OF A SEQUENCE OF RANDOMIZED ERRORS BY THE MONTE CARLO METHOD*†
Authors: Richard E. Peterson, James J. O'Toole, Walter M. Kirkendall, Oscar Kempthorne
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1959)

The water content of the human body averages 60 per cent of its total weight.Techniques for measurement and criteria for accuracy have been developed for total body water but there are no generally accepted standards for extracellular fluid volume (EFV).It is our purpose in this paper to describe our exploration of the erratic varia- tions of extracellular fluid volume in normal sub- jects as measured by sucrose infusions and to dis- cuss wide fluctuations in what had been thought hitherto to be a "steady state."It is believed that most methods of estimating EFV using nonelectrolyte labels achieve rapid equilibration in, and measure mainly, interstitial and plasma water, and that the substances used diffuse incompletely into the cerebrospinal fluid, joint spaces, bone and tendon water, or into glandular lumina, or gastrointestinal tract water (2).This incomplete mixing of test substance in these spaces should not be expected to intro- duce large errors into this estimation since plasma and interstitial fluid must comprise the major por- tion of EFV.Walser, Seldin and Grollman (3) have proposed the term "functional EFV" for the volume thus measured.However, the accuracy of EFV estimates has been further questioned with reports that even large nonelectrolyte mole- cules, such as inulin and sucrose, may leave the EFV and penetrate cell membranes (4, 5).Most methods for measuring extracellular fluid
Phenotypic adaptation of the late preconditioned heart: Myocardial oxygen consumption is reduced
Authors: X MONNET, B GHALEH, L LUCATS, P COLIN, R ZINI, L HITTINGER, A BERDEAUX
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

Although the signalling pathways of late preconditioning have been extensively investigated, its consequence for myocardial metabolism remains unknown. Thus, myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) was evaluated before and under late preconditioning.In 7 chronically instrumented dogs, we measured MVO2 in vivo at baseline and during inotropic stimulation with dobutamine (10 and 20 microg/kg/min, i.v.) before (Day 0) and 24 h after (Day 1) a 10-min circumflex coronary artery occlusion.At Day 0, dobutamine dose-dependently increased the triple product (heart ratexleft ventricular systolic pressurexleft ventricular maximum dP/dt), MVO2, coronary blood flow, and coronary sinus pO2. At Day 1, the triple product was similar at baseline and at each dose of dobutamine but MVO2 was significantly blunted as compared to Day 0 (-15+/-4%, -22+/-3% and -19+/-4% at baseline, dobutamine 10 and 20 microg/kg/min, respectively). Importantly, the relationship between MVO2 and triple product was significantly rightward shifted with late preconditioning, i.e., MVO2 was reduced for any level of triple product. At Day 1, the relationship between coronary blood flow and MVO2 was not altered as compared to Day 0 but coronary sinus pO2 was significantly increased vs. Day 0 for any level of coronary blood flow, suggesting that late preconditioning exerted no vasomotor effect but rather changed myocardial oxygen handling. These effects were abolished by administration of S-methyl-isothiourea (1.5 mg/kg, i.v.), a iNOS inhibitor.This study demonstrates that ischemic late preconditioning is characterized by a major reduction in MVO2, both at baseline and under inotropic stimulation. NO from iNOS contributes to this modification of metabolic phenotype.