tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Thrombocytopenia associated with environmental exposure to polyurethane
Authors: Alan D. Michelson
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract Few chemicals in the environment have been implicated as causes of isolated thrombocytopenia, and the evidence is usually less than convincing because the patients were not rechallenged with the chemical in vivo . In the present paper, a child is reported with the onset of thrombocytopenia in temporal association with environmental exposure to polyurethane. Five years after the initial thrombocytopenia had resolved, an inadvertent in vivo rechallenge with environmental polyurethane resulted in recurrence of the thrombocytopenia. This recurrence, together with the fact that only 1–4% of cases of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children recur, provided strong evidence for a causal role for the polyurethane exposure in this patient's thrombocytopenia. In summary, environmental exposure to polyurethane should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acquired thrombocytopenia in childhood.
Re: MC1R, ASIP, and DNA Repair in Sporadic and Familial Melanoma in a Mediterranean Population
Authors: Maria Concetta Fargnoli, Tania Spica, Francesco Sera, Giovanni Pellacani, Alessandra Chiarugi, Stefania Seidenari, Paolo Carli, Sergio Chimenti, Ketty Peris
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2006)
&lt;emph type="ital"&gt;BRCA1&lt;/emph&gt; and &lt;emph type="ital"&gt;BRCA2&lt;/emph&gt; Mutations in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Elizabeth Swisher, Tom Walsh
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Estimating Physicians' Work for a Resource-Based Relative-Value Scale
Authors: William C. Hsiao, Peter Braun, Douwe Yntema, Edmund R. Becker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Abstract We have developed a resource-based relative-value scale as an alternative to the system of payment based on charges for physicians' services. Resource inputs by physicians include (1) total work input performed by the physician for each service; (2) practice costs, including malpractice premiums; and (3) the cost of specialty training. These factors were combined to produce a relative-value scale denominated in nonmonetary units. We describe here the process by which the physician's work was defined and estimated. The study asked two questions: What is the physician's work for each service performed? and Can work be estimated reliably and validly? We concluded that a physician's work has four major dimensions: time, mental effort and judgment, technical skill and physical effort, and psychological stress. We found that physicians can rate the relative amount of work of the services within their specialty directly, taking into account all the dimensions of work. Moreover, these ratings are highly reproducible, consistent, and therefore probably valid. (N Engl J Med 1988; 319:835–41.)
In vitro skin permeation and retention of 5-aminolevulinic acid ester derivatives for photodynamic therapy
Authors: Fernanda Scarmato De Rosa, Antônio Cláudio Tedesco, Renata Fonseca Vianna Lopez, Maria Bernadete Riemma Pierre, Norbert Lange, Juliana Maldonado Marchetti, Jeane Cristina Gomes Rotta, Maria Vitória Lopes Badra Bentley
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2003)
Results from multiagency ADHD pathway in Wolverhampton
Authors: A. Moore
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Thomas and colleagues suggest that the recent rise in prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be caused by overdiagnosis or misdiagnosis,1 and McClure and others have highlighted the problems of subjectivity when the diagnosis depends on observational assessment.2 3

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommends that the diagnosis should be made after a full clinical and psychosocial assessment and not solely on the results of rating scales or observation. It also recommends that …
The Effects of Self-Administering Emergency Contraception
Authors: Jacqueline S. Gardner, Timothy S. Fuller, Jane Hutchings
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

To the Editor: Glasier and Baird (July 2 issue)1 found that emergency contraception was used responsibly by women who were given the appropriate medication to keep at home. Making emergency contraception available in this way is consistent with the objectives of a project implemented in community pharmacies in Washington State. Under collaborative drug-therapy agreements developed jointly by physicians and pharmacists, women may obtain emergency contraceptive pills in advance of or in response to an immediate need directly from pharmacists without first contacting their health care providers. This program does not make emergency contraception available without prescription but rather, after a . . .
The standardized fish bioassay procedure for detecting and culturing actively toxic Pfiesteria, used by two reference laboratories for atlantic and gulf coast states.
Authors: J M Burkholder, H G Marshall, H B Glasgow, D W Seaborn, N J Deamer-Melia
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

In the absence of purified standards of toxins from Pfiesteria species, appropriately conducted fish bioassays are the "gold standard" that must be used to detect toxic strains of Pfiesteria spp. from natural estuarine water or sediment samples and to culture actively toxic Pfiesteria. In this article, we describe the standardized steps of our fish bioassay as an abbreviated term for a procedure that includes two sets of trials with fish, following the Henle-Koch postulates modified for toxic rather than infectious agents. This procedure was developed in 1991, and has been refined over more than 12 years of experience in research with toxic Pfiesteria. The steps involve isolating toxic strains of Pfiesteria (or other potentially, as-yet-undetected, toxic Pfiesteria or Pfiesteria-like species) from fish-killing bioassays with natural samples; growing the clones with axenic algal prey; and retesting the isolates in a second set of fish bioassays. The specific environmental conditions used (e.g., temperature, salinity, light, other factors) must remain flexible, given the wide range of conditions from which natural estuarine samples are derived. We present a comparison of information provided for fish culture conditions, reported in international science journals in which such research is routinely published, and we provide information from more than 2,000 fish bioassays with toxic Pfiesteria, along with recommendations for suitable ranges and frequency of monitoring of environmental variables. We present data demonstrating that algal assays, unlike these standardized fish bioassays, should not be used to detect toxic strains of Pfiesteria spp. Finally, we recommend how quality control/assurance can be most rapidly advanced among laboratories engaged in studies that require research-quality isolates of toxic Pfiesteria spp.
An Address ON DUODENAL AND GASTRIC ULCERATION: SOME PERSONAL EXPERIENCES
Authors: T. P. Dunhill
Journal: BMJ (1925)

Childhood Goitre.It was my intentioni, had time >permittrd, to refer in some detail to childhood goitre, since man+ of thie obseirvations hitherto recorded in regard to goitLe prevention by iodine relate to the thyroid swellings of childlhoo(d.I must, however, content m+yself with the malenition of a few points.Alany of these swellings in childreni ale pAhysiological hyper-t4rophies often normal to the individual, and halve no title to be classed as " goitre "-a term wlichl sign-ifies thyroid disease.The great milajority of themr-as miianyv as 98 per cent.(Olin)-are slight, some so slight -ihat biut a fleeting glimpse of the gland's outlines are caught as the child swallows.If all these -be classed as goitre a wholly erroneous idea of the prevalence of th-roild disease may be gained.Further, estimates as to the prevalence of goitre may vary within wide limits according to what the observer may regard as a goitre.Thus, in a school where goitre was endemic, I have known the malady suddenly to assume epidemic proportions with the advent of one school medical officer, and the epidemic to disappear as suddenly with the advent of another.
Analysis of a microsatellite polymorphism of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 gene in patients with vitiligo
Authors: None KEMP, None AJJAN, None WATERMAN, None GAWKRODGER, None CORK, None WATSON, None WEETMAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

The CTLA-4 gene encodes a T-cell receptor that is involved in the regulation of T-cell activation. Recent studies have demonstrated an association of a microsatellite polymorphism [variant lengths of a dinucleotide (AT)n repeat] lying in exon 3 of the CTLA-4 gene, specifically a 106-bp allele, with autoimmune disorders, such as Graves' disease, autoimmune Addison's disease and autoimmune hypothyroidism. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the same polymorphism of the CTLA-4 gene was associated with vitiligo, a disorder that may have an autoimmune origin and can be present in patients who have one or more autoimmune diseases. CTLA-4 gene microsatellite polymorphisms were determined for 74 vitiligo patients (53 without any autoimmune disorder; 21 with one or more autoimmune disease) and 173 healthy controls, who had no clinical evidence of either vitiligo or any other autoimmune disorder, by polymerase chain reaction amplification of genomic DNA and resolution of the products on polyacrylamide sequencing gels. The frequency of the 106-bp allele was significantly increased (χ2 = 5.2; P = 0.02) in vitiligo patients as a whole, in comparison with control subjects. However, when the patients were classified according to the absence or presence of an autoimmune disorder, the frequency of the 106-bp allele was significantly increased (χ2 = 14.8; P = 0.0001) only in the group of vitiligo patients who also had an autoimmune disease. However, the fact that 17 of 21 patients also had either autoimmune thyroiditis or autoimmune Addison's disease probably accounts for the apparent association of vitiligo and the 106-bp allele in this patient group. However, it was found that the relative risk of 3.2, conferred by the 106-bp allele in this group of vitiligo patients, was greater than that found for patients with only either Graves' disease, autoimmune hypothyroidism or autoimmune Addison's disease, with values of 2.1, 2.2 and 2.2, respectively. For the group of patients without an autoimmune disorder, there was no significant difference (χ2 = 0.2; P = 0.64) in the frequency of the 106-bp allele when compared with control subjects. These results indicate that there is no association between the 106-bp allele and vitiligo, at least when the disorder occurs in the absence of an autoimmune disease.
ATF4-Mediated Induction of 4E-BP1 Contributes to Pancreatic β Cell Survival under Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Suguru Yamaguchi, Hisamitsu Ishihara, Takahiro Yamada, Akira Tamura, Masahiro Usui, Ryu Tominaga, Yuichiro Munakata, Chihiro Satake, Hideki Katagiri, Fumi Tashiro, Hiroyuki Aburatani, Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara, Jun-ichi Miyazaki, Nahum Sonenberg, Yoshitomo Oka
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2008)
Classification of Diabetes
Authors: R J Jarrett, H Keen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

We would agree with Drs. O'Sullivan and Fajans1 that neither the National Diabetes Data Group nor any other proposals should be accepted uncritically; indeed we have ourselves already entered into the polemic on the subject and we welcome it.2 The proposals will no doubt require modification if and when relevant new data appear. However, the Group's report was the result of a critical review of the unsatisfactory situation concerning, at a certain level, the diagnostic criteria and, at another, the concept of diabetes itself. It took its direction from the availability of new data. Contrary to O'Sullivan and Fajans' statement, the blood glucose levels adopted were based largely on three prospective studies in the United Kingdom, and not on the Pima Indian data, which was regarded as confirming, in a different and special population group studied by different methods, the findings in the United Kingdom.
The eosinophil enigma
Authors: Timothy J. Williams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

Eosinophils accumulate in high numbers in the lungs of asthmatic patients. These cells have the ability to induce tissue damage, a capacity that relates to their traditional role in host defense against parasitic worms. On the other hand, eosinophils produce growth factors associated with tissue repair and remodeling, notably TGF-β1. The relationship of these activities to lung dysfunction in asthma is highly controversial, but recent observations in humans and in animal models add spice to the debate .
Integrated Care Needed for Patients With HIV, Drug Abuse, and Mental Illness
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
TIPSS trials: Design determines outcome
Authors: R Jalan, N D Finlayson, P C Hayes
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

DETERMINES OUTCOME a median of 14 (IQR 8-25) months and 13 (8-25) months, respectively.In 31 (51%) of the shunted patients, simultane-(1) Cabrera J, Maynar M, Granados R, Gorriz E, Reyes R, ous transjugular-variceal embolisation was done at the time Pulido Duque
Art: The Genomic Revolution
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, until 1 January 2002 http://www.amnh.org/ Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> American Museum of Natural History Glowing through the darkness are the lights of green for adenine, blue for cytosine, yellow for guanine, and red for thymine—the four bases of DNA. This spectacular exhibition guides visitors through dimly lit rooms, past gleaming panels, interactive computers, video comments by expert scientists, hands-on experiments, and polling stations. It presents a clear view of what we know about human, animal, and plant genomes. In an even handed way it raises questions about genomic research and its implications, and asks viewers to consider ethical … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Heterogeneity of murine regulatory T cells. I. Subpopulations of amplifier and suppressor T cells.
Authors: R L Whisler, J D Stobo
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

Immunization of C3H/HeJ mice with 4 X 10(9) SRBC yields a whole splenic T-cell population which can, upon transfer, specifically suppress recipient direct and indirect plaque-forming cells (PFC) responses to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). Discontinuous bovine serum albumin density gradient fractionation of these T cells demonstrated a population of low density T cells which augmented and a population of high density T cells which suppressed recipient responses irrespective of the number of T cells transferred. Moreover, infusion of admixtures of low and high density cells resulted in intermediate regulatory functions which could be predicted by knowing the regulatory capacity of each population alone. In addition to heterogeneity existing among regulatory T cells as regards amplification and suppression, it appeared that heterogeneity existed within the suppressor T population. Thus, T cells capable of inhibiting direct PFC could be distinguished from those suppressing indirect PFC by their differential localization in peripheral lymphoid tissue, differences in the dissipation of suppressive influences during incubation at 37 degrees C, and by differences in the possible requirement for adherent cell populations. While the relative frequency of both low density amplifier and high density suppressor cells increased with the dose of SRBC used for their induction, it appeared that suppressor cells might be generated in response to feedback signals from amplifier cells. These studies indicate that further delineation of heterogeneity existing within suppressor populations may be helpful in defining mechanisms required for the induction and manifestation of suppressive regulatory forces.
Access to antiretrovirals among people with HIV in poorer nations approaches 50%
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

More than four million people with HIV in low and middle income nations were receiving antiretroviral treatment at the end of 2008, up by more than a third from the 2.97 million at the end of 2007, says a report by the World Health Organization, UNAIDS, and Unicef.

But despite the increased access, more than five million of the estimated 9.5 million adults and children who need antiretroviral drugs were still without access to them, it says.

The gap in access makes it “absolutely critical to accelerate programme delivery to reach universal access goals,” says the report.

“The current pace of scaling up is clearly insufficient. …
Dispersion of atrial refractoriness in patients with sinus node dysfunction.
Authors: J C Luck, T R Engel
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Abnormal atrial refractoriness was examined as a cause of atrial fibrillation/flutter (AFF) in patients with bradycardia. Refractory periods at three disparate right atrial sites were compared in 17 patients with sinus node dysfunction (SND) and 16 controls. Atrial pacing shortened refractory periods, but failed to decrease dispersion of refractoriness significantly. During sinus rhythm, duration and dispersion of refractoriness were greater in SND patients than in controls. These differences persisted with atrial pacing. For example, at the paced rate, dispersion of effective refractory periods in SND patients was greater than in controls (62.9 +/- 34 vs 36.6 +/- 21 msec, p less than 0.01). Six SND patients had AFF, but they did not have greater dispersion than other SND patients, or unusually short or long refractory periods. Thus, prolonged and nonuniform refractoriness were features of SND. Abnormal refractoriness in SND reflected atrial disease and persisted with pacing. These abnormalities were not unique to patients with AFF.
Verbal pain descriptors used by patients with arthritis.
Authors: S Wagstaff, O V Smith, P H Wood
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

Eighty patients with a diagnosis of either rheumatoid arthritis, localised osteoarthritis, or generalised osteoarthritis were asked to describe their pain by selecting words from a standardised list of pain descriptors. Words on this list were taken from the sensory class of pain descriptors found in the McGill pain questionnaire. Discriminant analysis was used to identify distinctive characteristics for each of these pain syndromes. On the basis of this analysis verbal responses for each patient were classified into one of the three diagnostic categories. Correct classification occurred in 65% of cases. An estimate of the technique's performance in prospective validation was derived by a split sample approach.
ENDORSEMENT OF CREMO ANTISPIT ADVERTISING CAMPAIGN BY PUBLIC HEALTH WORKERS
Authors: O. Flint Clough
Journal: JAMA (1931)

To the Editor:  —You or your staff have undoubtedly seen my name and the names of some other public health officials in connection with the current advertising campaign of Cremo cigars.  I regret this occurrence very much, as I am sure the other doctors also do.  When I endorsed their letter I thought that I was merely giving my opinion of the spit tipping practice and did not think they would exploit me in a nation wide publicity campaign. Had I known this was their intention I should not have endorsed the letter. I did not receive any remuneration of any kind for the endorsement. A young man living in town asked me to write an opinion of the spit tipping practice, which I did. He then said that if I would give him a sheet of my paper with letterhead, he would type it, which he did. When he