tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
304. Gene Therapy of Malignant Brain Tumor by a Novel Double-Stranded Adeno-Associated Viral (AAV) Vector Carrying the Decorin Gene
Authors: Chi-Hsien Wang, Jun-Ming Han Master, Kai-Yun Chen, Shi-Yuan Cheng, Xiao Xiao, Hsin-I Ma
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Decorin, a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) gene family, has the ability not only due to induce p21 to interfere the cell cycle regulation but also can inactivate TGF-beta to suppress the growth of tumor directly or indirectly. About the therapeutic effects concerned, the AAV vector has been proven to be able to deliver sustained long-term and high-level gene expression in vivo. Therefore, a recombinant adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector carrying the decorin gene has been utilized to treat the malignant brain tumor in a U87MG/nude mice model. In our study, the double-stranded AAV vector carrying the mouse decorin cDNA was constructed and type 2 AAV-decorin was produced. According to our preliminary results, the transduction efficiency of U87MG cells was best in type 2 AAV vector rather than type 1, type 3, type 4, type 5 or type 8. In the in vitro study of U87MG cells, most were arrested in sub G1 phase (by flow cytometry) and got very significant morphological changes and decreased cell numbers. Overexpression of decorin was also detected in the AAV-decorin infected U87MG cells by Western blot assay. In the in vivo study, the growth of malignant brain tumor was suppressed by the overexpressed decorin and the survivals were prolonged to over 6 months and the control animals were all expired around 4th to 6th weeks. Our study had demonstrated the potentials of type 2 dsAAV-decorin in gene transfer study of malignant brain tumors.
Early and late hemodynamic evaluation after cardiac transplantation: A study of 28 cases
Authors: Thierry Corcos, Corrado Tamburino, Philippe Léger, Elisabeth Vaissier, Patrick Rossant, Marie-Françoise Mattei, Patrick Daudon, Iradj Gandjbakhch, Alain Pavie, Annik Cabrol, Christian Cabrol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1988)
Near peer-led anatomy teaching in undergraduate medical education
Authors: Rele Ologunde, Hasan Asif, Khizr Nawab, Claudia Craven, Priya Shah, Denise Osei-Kuffour, Don Koh, Alex Yao, Rasheed Rabiu, Amit Chawla, Jong Ahn, Victoria Gibbs, Usama Asif, Basel Chamali, D. Ceri Davies
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2013)
P1303 AN INTERFERON- AND RIBAVIRIN-FREE 12-WEEK REGIMEN OF ONCE-DAILY VX-135 AND DACLATASVIR IN TREATMENT-NAÏVE PATIENTS WITH GENOTYPE 1 HCV INFECTION
Authors: E. Gane, C. Stedman, V. Garg, S. George, T. Kieffer, J. Krop, A. Lawal, L. Lan, R. Rubin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
USE OF IODIZED OIL IN DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF BRONCHIAL AFFECTIONS
Authors: STUART PRITCHARD
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Iodized oil is used as an opaque medium in the roentgenographic study of body cavities. It was first employed by Sicard and Forestier in 1921 as an aid in locating and demonstrating obstructions of the spinal canal, and later was used successfully by the originators in exploring dilatations, fistulous tracts and cavities of the bronchial tree and the pulmonary tissues.  Since October, 1924, we have employed iodized oil in the form of bronchial injections as a diagnostic and therapeutic agent. This article is based on the results of this study and also the writings of Sicard and Forestier, Sergent and Cottenot, Nigoul-Foussal, Ballon, Archibald and others.  The iodized oil we have employed is the chemical compound of 40 per cent metallic iodine with oil of poppy seeds described and used by Forestier. The oil and iodine are so closely combined that the ordinary starch test fails to reveal free iodine.
609 ADHESION OF NATURAL KILLER (NK) CELLS TO EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX IS CRITICALLY REGULATED BY HCV 2/CD81 INTERACTIONS
Authors: B. Kraemer, D. Schulte, C. Zwank, C. Koerner, M. Neibecker, M. Coenen, H.D. Nischalke, T. Sauerbruch, U. Spengler, J. Nattermann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Inherited propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency in “ketotic hyperglycinemia”
Authors: Y. Edward Hsia, Katherine J. Scully, Leon E. Rosenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Cultured fibroblasts from a young girl with ketotic hyperglycinemia were unable to oxidize propionate-(14)C to (14)CO(2), but oxidized methylmalonate-(14)C and succinate-(14)C normally. This block in propionate catabolism was shown to result from a lack of propionyl-CoA carboxylase activity. The carboxylase deficiency was not due to the presence of an intracellular inhibitor and it was not corrected by biotin, a known cofactor for the enzyme. Both of her parents' fibroblasts had approximately 50% of normal propionyl-CoA carboxylase activity. These results demonstrate that ketotic hyperglycinemia and propionicacidemia are the same disease, caused by a mutation of the propionyl-CoA carboxylase apoenzyme, which is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. This enzymatic localization provides an explanation for the remarkable clinical and chemical similarity between ketotic hyperglycinemia and methylmalonicaciduria and offers a potential means of antenatal detection of this disorder.
Amiodarone therapy does not compromise subsequent heart transplantation
Authors: Catherine Chelimsky-Fallick, Holly R. Middlekauff, William G. Stevenson, Jon Kobashigawa, Leslie A. Saxon, Jaime Moriguchi, Erica D. Brownfield, Michele A. Hamilton, Davis Drinkwater, Hillel Laks, Lynne Warner Stevenson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1992)
Intrauterine factors, adiposity, and hyperinsulinaemia
Authors: A. M Prentice
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Efficiency of radiotherapy in controlling lymph node metastasis is a controversial issue. A continuous series of 87 patients affected by cervical cancer stages IB2–IVA and treated using pelvic radiotherapy is presented. A retrospective comparison is made between two populations. In the two populations, a staging lymphadenectomy was carried out before the onset of the therapeutic program. In the first population (53 patients), the pelvic nodes only were dissected and in the second one (34 patients), the pelvic lymph nodes were left in place and the paraaortic nodes only were dissected. In both series, a completion surgery was performed after finalization of the radiotherapy. It was carried out at open abdomen in both series. It included a systematic pelvic dissection for the patients whose pelvic nodes had been intentionally left in place at the time of the initial staging lymphadenectomy. Both series were identical as far as classic risk factors were concerned (FIGO stage, maximal tumor diameter, lymphovascular space involvement). The radiotherapy administered to the pelvis was the same in both populations. The number of patients with pelvic lymph node metastasis was 21 (39.6%) in the first population versus 6 (17.6%) in the second one (<i>P</i> = 0.03). The percentage of positive lymph nodes among the retrieved lymph nodes was 18.94 in the first population versus 2.8 in the second one (<i>P</i> = 0.0001). Pelvic radiotherapy is likely to control most of the pelvic lymph node metastasis, but not all of them. Practical deductions and further developments are discussed.
Dagnosis of Hepatic Amoebiasis
Authors: W. B. Roantree
Journal: BMJ (1964)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> The UK COVID-19 vaccination programme delivered its first “booster” doses in September 2021, initially in groups at high risk of severe disease then across the adult population. The BNT162b2 Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine was used initially, with Moderna mRNA-1273 subsequently also used. <h3>Methods</h3> We used the OpenSAFELY-TPP database, covering 40% of English primary care practices and linked to national coronavirus surveillance, hospital episodes, and death registry data, to estimate the effectiveness of boosting with BNT162b2 compared with no boosting in eligible adults who had received two primary course vaccine doses between 16 September and 16 December 2021 when the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 was dominant. Follow up was for up to 10 weeks. Each booster recipient was matched with an unboosted control on factors relating to booster priority status and prior immunisation. Additional factors were adjusted for in Cox models estimating hazard ratios (HRs). Outcomes were positive SARS-CoV-2 test, COVID-19 hospitalisation, COVID-19 death and non-COVID-9 death. Booster vaccine effectiveness was defined as 1−HR. <h3>Results</h3> Among 4,352,417 BNT162b2 booster recipients matched with unboosted controls, estimated effectiveness of a booster dose compared with two doses only was 50.7% (95% CI 50.1-51.3) for positive SARS-CoV-2 test, 80.1% (78.3-81.8) for COVID-19 hospitalisation, 88.5% (85.0-91.1) for COVID-19 death, and 80.3% (79.0-81.5) for non-COVID-19 death. Estimated effectiveness was similar among those who had received a BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1-S two-dose primary vaccination course, but effectiveness against severe COVID-19 was slightly lower in those classified as clinically extremely vulnerable (76.3% (73.1-79.1) for COVID-19 hospitalisation, and 85.1% (79.6-89.1) for COVID-19 death). Estimated effectiveness against each outcome was lower in those aged 18-65 years than in those aged 65 and over. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our findings are consistent with strong protection of BNT162b2 boosting against positive SARS-CoV-2 test, COVID-19 hospitalisation, and COVID-19 death.
Retrograde Small-Bowel Examination
Authors: Roscoe E. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1974)

THE COMPLETE reflux small-bowel examination offers distinct advantages in precise location and identification of small-bowel lesions. This method is useful especially to diagnose tumors of the small intestine. It can aid in the differential diagnosis of inflammatory lesions, strictures, adhesive bands, gallstone obstruction, and tumors. We have previously reported metastatic tumors, intussuscepted Meckel diverticulum, inflammatory fibroid polyps, and blood clots found by this method, which had not been detected by antegrade studies.<sup>1-3</sup>However, all of these small intraluminal tumors have similar appearances, may be accompanied by hemorrhage, and intermittent or partial obstruction. They appear as round, relatively smooth, or slightly nodular, thumb-like indentations, or filling defects in the small intestine (Figure). The reflux small-bowel examination was also useful in one patient with metastatic carcinoma, to prove that her bowel obstruction was not caused by tumor, but that it was the result of adhesions. As a result, a simple operation
Balloon Catheter Delivery of Helper-dependent Adenoviral Vector Results in Sustained, Therapeutic hFIX Expression in Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Nicola Brunetti-Pierri, Aimee Liou, Priti Patel, Donna Palmer, Nathan Grove, Milton Finegold, Pasquale Piccolo, Elizabeth Donnachie, Karen Rice, Arthur Beaudet, Charles Mullins, Philip Ng
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

Hemophilia B is an excellent candidate for gene therapy because low levels of factor IX (FIX) (≥1%) result in clinically significant improvement of the bleeding diathesis. Helper-dependent adenoviral (HDAd) vectors can mediate long-term transgene expression without chronic toxicity. To determine the potential for HDAd-mediated liver-directed hemophilia B gene therapy, we administered an HDAd expressing hFIX into rhesus macaques through a novel and minimally invasive balloon occlusion catheter-based method that permits preferential, high-efficiency hepatocyte transduction with low, subtoxic vector doses. Animals given 1 × 1012 and 1 × 1011 virus particle (vp)/kg achieved therapeutic hFIX levels for the entire observation period (up to 1,029 days). At 3 × 1010 and 1 × 1010 vp/kg, only subtherapeutic hFIX levels were achieved which were not sustained long-term. Balloon occlusion administration of HDAd was well tolerated with negligible toxicity. Five of six animals developed inhibitors to hFIX. These results provide important information in assessing the clinical utility of HDAd for hemophilia B gene therapy. Hemophilia B is an excellent candidate for gene therapy because low levels of factor IX (FIX) (≥1%) result in clinically significant improvement of the bleeding diathesis. Helper-dependent adenoviral (HDAd) vectors can mediate long-term transgene expression without chronic toxicity. To determine the potential for HDAd-mediated liver-directed hemophilia B gene therapy, we administered an HDAd expressing hFIX into rhesus macaques through a novel and minimally invasive balloon occlusion catheter-based method that permits preferential, high-efficiency hepatocyte transduction with low, subtoxic vector doses. Animals given 1 × 1012 and 1 × 1011 virus particle (vp)/kg achieved therapeutic hFIX levels for the entire observation period (up to 1,029 days). At 3 × 1010 and 1 × 1010 vp/kg, only subtherapeutic hFIX levels were achieved which were not sustained long-term. Balloon occlusion administration of HDAd was well tolerated with negligible toxicity. Five of six animals developed inhibitors to hFIX. These results provide important information in assessing the clinical utility of HDAd for hemophilia B gene therapy.
Lillian and New Year's Eve
Authors: H. O Ventura
Journal: BMJ (2002)

It was some 20 years ago that I moved to New Orleans to complete my medical training. A fellow at the hospital told me about an old blacksmith's shop that had been converted into a piano bar down in the French Quarter. I was far from home and it was New Year's Eve, so I decided to join my friends and go to listen to this remarkable lady “that plays the piano throughout the night.”

At about 10 pm, the remarkable lady, called Mrs Lillian, appeared. She was petite with delicate features and hands that seemed to be ageless. She politely said good evening and took her seat at the old piano. It was like a scene from an old Bogart film with clouds of smoke surrounding …
Comparison of sputum induction with fiber-optic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of tuberculosis.
Authors: C Anderson, N Inhaber, D Menzies
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Microbiologic confirmation of pulmonary tuberculosis among patients whose sputum smear is negative is increasingly important because of greater incidence among immunocompromised hosts and emergence of drug-resistant strains. We prospectively compared sputum induction to fiber-optic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of such patients. Consecutive patients referred for investigation of possible active pulmonary tuberculosis underwent sputum induction with hypertonic saline delivered by an ultrasonic nebulizer between 2 and 48 h before transnasal fiber-optic bronchoscopy. All specimens were examined for acid-fast bacilli with fluorescent microscopy and cultured for mycobacteria. Clinical information was abstracted from patient records, and X-rays were reviewed by two blinded readers. Among 101 participants, sputum induction was well-tolerated without complications and provided adequate samples in 93. Sensitivity of direct acid-fast bacilli smear of specimens from both techniques was low. Sensitivity and negative predictive value of culture from bronchoscopy specimens was 73% and 91% compared with 87% and 96%, respectively, for sputum induction when a specimen was obtained. Direct costs for bronchoscopy totaled Canadian $187.60 compared with Canadian $22.22 for sputum induction. Sputum induction was well-tolerated, low-cost, and provided the same, if not better, diagnostic yield compared with bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis.
Neural tube defects decline in US after folic acid is added to flour
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline is to lower the cost to the developing world of its antimalarial and newer HIV and AIDS drugs—a move welcomed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and aid charities.

GlaxoSmithKline set out its new policy in a document, Facing the Challenge. The newer HIV and AIDS drugs will join established treatments such as zidovudine (Retrovir), which is already available at preferential prices in developing countries.

Abacavir (Ziagen), a nucleoside analogue, will now cost £2.40 ($3.36) a day in developing countries, compared with a list price of £7.22 a day for the …
Republicans and the New Politics of Health Care
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

The Republican party's commitment to shrink the size of government, erase its budget deficit, and employ market forces to allocate medical resources will substantially shape this year's debate on the future federal role in health care. The Clinton administration is also caught up in an exercise to “reinvent” government. But unlike the Republicans, President Bill Clinton has come to the defense of Medicare, Social Security, and veterans' benefits, all of which are federal entitlement programs that serve the interests of influential voting blocs, such as the elderly and military veterans. These issues represent the battlefield on which the struggle over . . .
Dignitas accepts the first case of suicide for dementia from the UK
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2013)

An 83 year old man has become the first known Briton to have ended his life at the Dignitas assisted suicide centre in Switzerland because he was diagnosed with dementia.

The professional man, who was in the early stages of the condition, travelled to Zurich with his wife in March, but his death has only now been made public.

Michael Irwin, a retired general practitioner and campaigner for the legalisation of …
Increased Cancer-Related Mortality for Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Who Use Sulfonylureas or Insulin
Authors: Azeez Farooki, Stephen H. Schneider
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

We read with interest the article by Bowker et al. (1), which suggests that sulfonylurea or insulin therapy may increase cancer-related mortality. The premise that insulin is mitogenic for neoplastic cells is not proven. An expanding body of epidemiologic literature has linked insulin resistance and IGF-I, rather than absolute levels of insulin, with cancer incidence and prognosis.

There are several …
GPs are outnumbered on boards of clinical commissioning groups
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2012)

GPs have taken less than half of the seats on the new boards of clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) in England and in some parts of the country make up just a fifth of boards.

A survey by Pulse magazine shows that GPs are in the minority on the boards of the fledgling CCGs—the organisations that will assume responsibility for commissioning from April 2013.

The survey of 100 CCGs found that in total just under half (49%) of board posts have been filled by GPs. In a handful, GPs make up only one in five members.

The make up of these CCG boards shows that managers and finance officers total 20% of the positions, with the remaining 31% filled …
Outcome of 622 Adults With Asymptomatic, Hemodynamically Significant Aortic Stenosis During Prolonged Follow-Up
Authors: Patricia A. Pellikka, Maurice E. Sarano, Rick A. Nishimura, Joseph F. Malouf, Kent R. Bailey, Christopher G. Scott, Marion E. Barnes, A. Jamil Tajik
Journal: Circulation (2005)

This study assessed the long-term outcome of a large, asymptomatic population with hemodynamically significant aortic stenosis (AS).We identified 622 patients with isolated, asymptomatic AS and peak systolic velocity > or =4 m/s by Doppler echocardiography who did not undergo surgery at the initial evaluation and obtained follow-up (5.4+/-4.0 years) in all. Mean age (+/-SD) was 72+/-11 years; there were 384 (62%) men. The probability of remaining free of cardiac symptoms while unoperated was 82%, 67%, and 33% at 1, 2, and 5 years, respectively. Aortic valve area and left ventricular hypertrophy predicted symptom development. During follow-up, 352 (57%) patients were referred for aortic valve surgery and 265 (43%) patients died, including cardiac death in 117 (19%). The 1-, 2-, and 5-year probabilities of remaining free of surgery or cardiac death were 80%, 63%, and 25%, respectively. Multivariate predictors of all-cause mortality were age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.05; P<0.0001), chronic renal failure (HR, 2.41; P=0.004), inactivity (HR, 2.00; P=0.001), and aortic valve velocity (HR, 1.46; P=0.03). Sudden death without preceding symptoms occurred in 11 (4.1%) of 270 unoperated patients. Patients with peak velocity > or =4.5 m/s had a higher likelihood of developing symptoms (relative risk, 1.34) or having surgery or cardiac death (relative risk, 1.48).Most patients with asymptomatic, hemodynamically significant AS will develop symptoms within 5 years. Sudden death occurs in approximately 1%/y. Age, chronic renal failure, inactivity, and aortic valve velocity are independently predictive of all-cause mortality.
Peer Review in 18th-Century Scientific Journalism
Authors: David A. Kronick
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Although the beginnings of "peer review" are frequently associated with the Royal Society of London when it took over official responsibility for the Philosophical Transactions in 1752, antecedents of peer review practices go back to the 17th century. Despite the differences in the academic, social, intellectual, and economic environments of the 18th century and today, we can find interesting and instructive similarities in the way early editors defined and exercised their prerogatives and responsibilities. These concerns extend to ideas and practices that are closely related to what we call peer review or refereeing today.
Chronic groin pain in an athlete: an unusual presentation
Authors: E V Williams, P Windless, S Blease, K Queen, T Jenkinson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1998)

Persistent disabling groin pain in an active sportsman is a frustrating diagnostic and management problem for both the athlete and physician. After clinical examination and investigation there remains a group of patients who have unexplained groin pain, and may undergo lengthy periods of conservative management with numerous radiological investigations. Here we highlight such a case.