tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TOXICITY OF HUMAN PLASMA
Authors: F. C. Metzger
Journal: JAMA (1942)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the September 19 issue ofThe Journalin the last paragraph of the editorial on the toxicity of human plasma it is stated that "a negative skin test precludes the possibility of intravenous plasma shock." I consider this a rather dangerous statement and one with which my experiences and teachings do not agree. In the search for allergic sensitivities one finds that all too frequently cutaneous tests are not a positive assurance that the substance tested for is, or is not, a sensitizing agent in that particular case. Thus one obtains positive tests, for example, to ragweed on persons whose history reveals no exacerbations or an entire lack of symptoms during the ragweed pollinating season. In these cases one can frequently apply ragweed pollen to the nasal mucous membrane or to the eye with completely negative results. On the other hand, persons giving a history of
Clinical Outcomes After Both Coronary Calcium Scanning and Exercise Myocardial Perfusion Scintigraphy
Authors: Alan Rozanski, Heidi Gransar, Nathan D. Wong, Leslee J. Shaw, Romalisa Miranda-Peats, Donna Polk, Sean W. Hayes, John D. Friedman, Daniel S. Berman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Streptococcal infection may make psoriasis worse but do antibiotics help?: reply from authors
Authors: J.E. Gudjonsson, H. Valdimarsson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Sir, We thank Owen and colleagues for their constructive comments on our paper reporting exacerbation of chronic plaque psoriasis after streptococcal throat infections.1 We certainly agree with them that a controlled prospective study is required for evaluating the effect of an early antistreptococcal treatment on patients with psoriasis. This is in fact what we intended to state in the last paragraph of our paper where we conclude ‘that an early treatment of streptococcal sore throat may be beneficial for patients with chronic psoriasis’ and ‘a controlled trial for assessing the effects of tonsillectomy on patients with severe psoriasis should also be considered’. We are grateful to Owen and colleagues for giving us the opportunity to reiterate more lucidly our view on this important issue.
110. Performance of Different AAV Serotype Vectors Following Injection into the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei of ASMKO Mouse Brain
Authors: James C. Dodge, Jennifer Clarke, Anthony Song, Jie Bu, Qi Zhao, Tatyana V. Taksir, Denise Griffiths, Lamya S. Shihabuddin, Catherine R. O'Riordan, Marco A. Passini, Ed H. Schuchman, Gregory R. Stewart
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Niemann-Pick A disease (NPA) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency in acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) activity. Consequent accumulation of sphingomyelin and other lipids in the CNS results in the development of a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative disease with death occurring by 2 to 3 years of age. Previously we have shown that the storage pathology in the ASM knockout (ASMKO) mouse brain is amenable to AAV2/2-mediated gene therapy. Interestingly, correction of storage pathology occurred not only at the injection site, but also in regions that send and/or receive input from the injection site|[ndash]|suggesting that AAV vector and/or expressed ASM protein underwent transport. The present experiment evaluated the relative ability of recombinant AAV2/1, AAV2/2, AAV2/5, AAV2/7 and AAV2/8 serotype vectors encoding human ASM to facilitate gene transduction, express ASM protein, correct cholesterol storage pathology, undergo transport, rescue Purkinje cells, and initiate functional recovery in the ASMKO mouse. Male ASMKO mice (|[sim]|7 weeks old) were unilaterally injected with the different AAV serotype vectors within the deep cerebellar nuclei of the cerebellum (DCN). The DCN was targeted because it is highly connected with the CNS; and therefore, may provide a means to achieve widespread ASM expression throughout the brain. Mice were sacrificed at 14 weeks of age after undergoing rotarod testing. Mice injected with AAV2/1 and AAV2/8 demonstrated significant functional improvement on the rotarod, whereas mice injected with AAV2/2, AAV2/5 and AAV2/7 did not. Consistent with the behavioral results, cerebellar ASM protein levels (as detected by ELISA) were significantly higher in mice injected with AAV2/1 and AAV2/8, than mice injected with AAV2/2, AAV2/5, AAV2/7 and control mice. Preservation of Purkinje cells based on calbindin immunostaining was greatest in mice injected with AAV2/1 and AAV2/8. In all AAV-ASM treated mice, expression of ASM led to widespread clearance of filipin/cholesterol staining in the cerebellum, brainstem, and midbrain|[ndash]|indicating that AAV vector and/or expressed ASM underwent transport from the DCN. Overall, a positive relationship between ASM protein levels, filipin clearance, Purkinje cell survival, and rotarod performance was observed. These results support the further evaluation of AAV2/1 and AAV2/8-based vectors for gene therapy of the CNS manifestations in Niemann-Pick A disease.
Kenneth Charles Parsons
Authors: C. I. Clark
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Kenneth Charles Parsons (“Ken”) was born in Newport, Gwent. In his teens he read AJ Cronin’s The Citadel , and it was his secret dream to become a doctor. However, this was very unlikely owing to his family circumstances: he was one of six children, and his father worked as a gardener. Instead he joined the Royal Air Force, intending to become a fighter pilot. During training in the USA he converted from pilot to air bomber and returned to England, where he flew 32 missions in Halifaxes. He was shot down in flames over Holland, most of his crew died, one was captured, and Ken was fortunately found and sheltered by the Dutch resistance. He was missing presumed dead for several months before eventually being helped back to allied territory to rejoin his squadron.

After the war he was enabled to …
OC-105 Impact of AJCC 7th edition TNM staging on a historical oesophago-gastric cancer resection dataset: Abstract OC-105 Table 1
Authors: A M Reece-Smith, M P John, Z Chaudry, S L Parsons
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The revised AJCC<sup>1</sup> TNM staging systems for oesophageal and gastric cancer were published in 2010 and have been adopted in many units since that time. However, such changes in staging system can cause problems in comparing recent datasets to historical data as stage matching will no longer be consistent. We aimed to review historical data to determine the impact of updated scoring systems on our dataset, firstly to determine the proportion of patients changing stage groups and secondly to determine if survival was different between new and old systems. <h3>Methods</h3> A database of gastro-oesophageal resections has historically accumulated patients with operative stage recorded using 6th edition TNM classification. With the help of a specialist pathologist these cases were reassessed to determine the revised TNM according to the 7th edition. The survival of matched stage disease was compared using Kaplan–Meier analysis with log-rank test for statistical significance. <h3>Results</h3> In a cohort of 358 patients 50 patients (14.0%) changed stage. Twenty-four to a lower stage and 26 to higher stages as detailed in the Abstract OC-105 table 1 below. Stage 2 and 3 contained sufficient patients for survival analysis. Median survival was not reached for stage 2 in TNM6 and was 37.9 months in TNM7 (p=0.651). In stage 3 the survival was 16.7 months in TNM6 and 17.3 months using TNM7 (p=0.786). Survival was not significantly different between editions. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Fourteen percent of patients change stage using updated criteria. However, the impact of these changes on the median survival of patients in specified stage groups is small. Re-evaluating historical patient data will not greatly advise clinicians or patients regarding their prognosis but this data does help in the comparison of historical publications to current data. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>Reference</h3> 1. <i>Ann Surg Oncol</i> 2010;<b>17</b>:1721–4.
Art: Life Interrupted
Authors: Raghav Chawla
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Words and figures are not enough to describe the suffering that is caused by the AIDS pandemic. In his new exhibition, Life Interrupted, Don McCullin uses black and white photography to tell us the astounding stories of the people he has visited.

A world renowned photojournalist, McCullin travelled to South Africa and Zambia in 2000 to document the lives of people living with HIV. Earlier this year, he returned to the same countries with Christian Aid, a UK and Irish development agency.

When trying to track down families he had met on his previous journey to Zambia, McCullin was devastated by his findings: most of the people he had seen last time had died.

Teresa was one of these. She died only three months after McCullin had taken her photograph, leaving two children, Aaron and Mavis. When McCullin met Aaron, now 14, he gave him his mother's photograph. At first, Aaron turned away, his face in his hands. But after his initial shock, his face became wreathed in smiles as he hugged the photo to his chest, McCullin recalls.​recalls.




Figure 1





Kawama cemetery, Zambia: “The gravediggers have the most secure job”




McCullin also visited a cemetery in Zambia. “Four years ago, there was a steady tempo of burials. Now there seems to be a crescendo,” he says. Andrew Banda, a local software engineer, adds: “The gravediggers have the most secure job in Zambia. It is a big, big business here.”

Unlike Zambia, where HIV-positive people have to pay £6 (€8.67; $11.65) a month to receive antiretroviral treatment, South Africa, which still has the highest number of HIV-positive people in the world, now offers treatment free of charge.

Although only a small minority of people who would need treatment receive it, examples show how big a difference it makes. Nomalunga remembers the day Don McCullin photographed her four years ago: “I was so sick then, I thought I would die.” Having received antiretroviral therapy, she feels much healthier today. She now looks after other patients, including Andiswa, who says: “It is important to me that she is also HIV-positive. She understands me. I remember when she was as sick as I am now.”

The power of Life Interrupted is that McCullin's photographs show us how humans affected by HIV live—how they cry and how they laugh, how they die and how they find new life. They show us that we are all humans and that we are all affected, whether infected or not. Christian Aid comments: “His [McCullin's] photographs do more than bear witness. They compel us to act.”
Identification of surface proteins mediating adherence of CD11/CD18-deficient lymphoblastoid cells to cultured human endothelium.
Authors: B R Schwartz, E A Wayner, T M Carlos, H D Ochs, J M Harlan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Patients with the severe form of leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome do not express the CD11/CD18 adhesion complex on any of their leukocytes. Nevertheless, their lymphocytes, unlike their phagocytes, emigrate to extravascular sites of inflammation, demonstrating that surface proteins other than CD11/CD18 can mediate lymphocyte adherence to endothelium. Using a B-lymphoblastoid cell line (B-LCL) established from a CD11/CD18-deficient patient and cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HEC), we investigated the CD11/CD18-independent mechanism(s) of lymphocyte adherence to endothelium. Monoclonal antibodies directed to the alpha 4 polypeptide (CD49d) and the beta 1 polypeptide (CD29) of the lymphocyte VLA-4 integrin receptor (CD49d/CD29), and to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) on the endothelial cell significantly inhibited the adherence of the CD11/CD18-deficient B-LCL to untreated HEC and to HEC treated with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha. We suggest that the interaction of the lymphocyte receptor VLA-4 with the endothelial ligand VCAM-1 induced by cytokines at sites of inflammation or immune reaction represents a CD11/CD18-independent pathway of lymphocyte emigration.
Sodium Content of Bottled Sparkling Water
Authors: S. T. Iannaccone, J. D. Potter, S. P. Robertson
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent demand for healthful foods has encouraged a burgeoning market for bottled waters. Americans have caught a taste for mineral water from Europeans, and many of the popular brands are French imports. These beverages are used by adults both as mixers with and substitutes for alcohol. Many people who use such liquids may havemedical conditions, eg, pregnancy or hypertension, that make dietary monitoring important. There should, therefore, be some concern over the contents of these so-called pure waters. The Environmental Protection Agency has done colony counts determining bacteriologic contamination in relation to method and length of storage.<sup>1</sup>The Food and Drug Administration, however, has no standards for sodium content other than that the liquid must be "potable" per a conversation with R. Taylor, MSC (December 1979). Concern over the possible relationship between sodium content of the diets of older infants and children and subsequent
Enteryx polymer migration to lymph nodes and beyond
Authors: G. Veerappan, J. Koff, M. Smith
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

A 39-year-old white man presented with a 2-year history of intermittant, sharp, left-sided chest pain. Two years before, the patient had had an injection of nonresorbable co-polymer (Enteryx; Boston Scientific Corp., Natick, Massachusetts, USA) into the lower esophageal sphincter as a treatment for refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease, and had tolerated the procedure satisfactorily except for mild postprocedural chest pain.
Depression as a risk factor for post-MI mortality
Authors: Robert M. Carney, Kenneth E. Freedland, Allan S. Jaffe, Nancy Frasure-Smith, François Lespérance, David S. Sheps, Alexander H. Glassman, Christopher M. O'Connor, James A. Blumenthal, Peter G. Kaufmann, Susan M. Czajkowski
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
CONGENITAL BLENORRHOEA OF THE LACRYMAL SAC
Authors: J. Foster
Journal: BMJ (1909)

CONGENITAL BLENORRHOEA OF LACRIMAL SAC.[DEC.II, I0.was near, had fastened a piece of red rag outside the door and scattered black beans upon the threshold, in accordance with Chinese superstition, to keep demons from entering to claim his soul.These proceedings are never resorted to until all hope is gone, the Chinese being seldom at fault in their prognosis on these occasions.He was given quinine and Dover's powder, and, as it was impossible to visit him more frequently, the amount of injection was increased to 2 c.cm., and the bromide and chloral discontinued.The next day his condition was greatly improved, and progress was from that day forward maintained uninterruptedly.On July 9th, owing to severe illness amongst ourselves, it became impossible to continue the home visits, and the parents at last consented to his admission into the hospital.Upon admission, although he seemed in much pain, his condi- tion was satisfactory, and he had borne the journey well.A more systematic course of the hypodermic injections was instituted at once, my colleague, Dr. Francis Cunningham, undertaking their administration.On the first two days after admission five injections were given, the dose being 1 c.cm. of a 5 per cent.solution, and after that four injections each day.No bromide or chloral was given.Every night for the first seven days after admission ar grain of morphine c. atropine was
EVALUATION OF CALCIFICATION IN CAROTID ENDARTERECTOMY TISSUES WITH MICRO–COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING
Authors: Bashar Ababneh, Vijay Nambi, Xukui Wang, Ching–Hsuan Tung, Richard Han, Alan Lumsden, Michael Reardon, Christie Ballantyne, Joel Morrisett, Gerd Brunner
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Is communication improving between general practitioners and psychiatrists?
Authors: I M Pullen, A J Yellowless
Journal: BMJ (1985)

General practitioners and psychiatrists communicate mainly by letter. To ascertain the most important items of information that should be included in these letters ("key items") questionnaires were sent to 80 general practitioners and 80 psychiatrists. A total of 120 referral letters sent to psychiatric clinics in 1973 and 1983 were studied, together with the psychiatrists' replies, and these were rated for the inclusion of "key items." General practitioners' letters contain less information about the family but more about psychiatric history than they did a decade ago. Overall, psychiatrists' letters have not changed. Registrars, however, now include noticeably more "key items" than they did 10 years ago, but their letters remain twice the length of those written by consultants. It is suggested that letter writing skills are vital to good patient management and should be taught to postgraduate trainees in general practice and psychiatry.
Abstract 4443: Body weight status predicts pre-treatment risk of PSA failure in men with clinically localized prostate cancer
Authors: Vincent L. Freeman, Robert C. Flanigan, Courtney M. Hollowell, Jeffrey Branch, Leslie Deane, Marcus Quek, Patricia P. Vidal, Nicholas Friedman, Daisy Cintron, Firas Dabbous, Linda Millbrandt, Anne Garabedian, Jasmine Cleofe, Sandra L. Gomez
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction and Objective: Obesity/excessive adiposity in men with clinically organ-confined prostate cancer is of growing concern, because it associates with an increased risk of cancer recurrence after definitive therapy based on post-treatment prognostic parameters. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether body weight status associates with pre-treatment predictors of cancer recurrence in this patient population. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of body weight status and pre-treatment risk of PSA failure in 119 men awaiting radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer in four urologic clinics in the Chicago area. Body weight status was assessed using the body mass index (BMI) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). D'Amico risk scores, which are based on clinical tumor stage, biopsy Gleason sum, and pre-treatment PSA, were used to rank each patient's 5-year risk of PSA failure as low, intermediate, or high. Ordinal logistical regression analyzed the association between BMI quartile and D'Amico risk scores after accounting for age, race, total grams of body fat, and study site. Results: The risk of PSA failure increased with increasing quartile of BMI. Relative to the lowest BMI quartile, the cumulative odds of an intermediate or higher D'Amico risk score vs. a low risk score (the “cumulative odds ratio”) for patients in the second BMI quartile (mean BMI = 27.8 kg/m2) was 3.51 (95% CI = 1.07 to 11.5, p = .038). For patients in the third quartile (mean BMI = 32.0 kg/m2) and forth quartile (mean BMI = 37.0 kg/m2), the cumulative OR was 6.52 (95% CI = 1.72 to 24.6, p = .0057) and 7.74 (95% CI = 1.18 to 50.9, p = .033), respectively (OR trend = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.09 to 3.59, p = .0254). Conclusions: Body weight status predicts pre-treatment risk of PSA failure in men with clinically localized prostate cancer. This provides further support for a mechanistic link between body weight status, which reflects energy balance, and prostate cancer prognosis. The results also highlight the potential for using body weight status and other lifestyle-related factors pertinent to prostate cancer to identify men who are at high risk for unfavorable treatment outcomes. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4443. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4443
Neena Modi is appointed new chairwoman of BMJ ethics committee
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Neena Modi, professor of neonatal medicine at Imperial College London, has been appointed the new head of the BMJ ethics committee and will take over the role from Iona Heath in October.

The committee’s job is to help editors with difficult cases, to review policies that have ethical implications, and to expand the journal’s coverage of ethical issues (http://resources.bmj.com/bmj/about-bmj/about-bmj/advisory-panels/ethics-committee).

Professor Modi, who is a senior member …
Hodgkin Lymphoma With Rapidly Destructive, Cavity-Forming Lung Disease
Authors: Takeshi Saraya, Takashi Fujino, Akira Suzuki, Chie Shimura, Riken Kawachi, Hidefumi Takei, Haruyuki Ishii, Masachika Fujiwara, Teruaki Oka, Yasunori Fujioka, Hajime Takizawa, Hajime Goto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Case ReportA previously healthy 27-year-old man was admitted to his local hospital because of cough, hemoptysis, and low-grade fever that had persisted for a few days.He denied night sweats and unexplained weight loss.He noted that his left supraclavicular lymph node had been repeatedly enlarging or shrinking spontaneously since he was 15 years old.On the basis of the chest x-ray findings, he was diagnosed as having community-acquired pneumonia and was treated with antibiotics for 3 weeks, but his condition deteriorated and he was transferred to our hospital (Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan).On admission, he appeared thin, with a height of 168 cm and a weight of 48 kg.His vital signs were normal except for low-grade fever of 37.6°C and mild hypoxemia, with arterial oxygen saturation of 94% on ambient air.His physical examination was normal except for crackles in the left upper lung field and left supraclavicular lymphadenopathy, 2 cm in diameter, which was nontender, firm, nonfixed, circumscribed, and rubbery.Laboratory findings on admission to our hospital showed an increased WBC count (20,000/L) with a neutrophilic predominance (88.5%), erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 66 mm/h, and C-reactive protein level of 10.5 mg/dL.The chest x-ray taken on admission to the local hospital (Fig 1A) showed infiltration involving his left upper lung field.On admission to our hospital 2 weeks later, the infiltration had spread throughout the patient's entire left upper lung field with cavity formation (Fig 1B).Nonenhanced thoracic computed tomography at that time (Figs 1C and 1D) demonstrated thick-walled, multiple B A D C Fig 1.
Narration
Authors: Raymond G. Bunge
Journal: JAMA (1967)

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INDIVIDUALIZED ANTIPLATELET TREATMENT BASED ON GENOTYPING IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES
Authors: Sung Gyun Ahn, Ji Hyun Lee, Jun-Won Lee, Young Jin Youn, Min-Soo Ahn, Jang-Young Kim, ByungSu Yoo, Seung Hwan Lee, Junghan Yoon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)