tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>PALB2</i> Mutations and Breast-Cancer Risk
Authors: Michele K. Evans, Dan L. Longo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

The response to and repair of DNA damage are central to our understanding of the causes of breast cancer. DNA damage results from environmental exposure to genotoxic agents, lifestyle factors, and cellular metabolism. Among the most lethal forms of DNA damage are double-strand breaks. A failure to accurately repair double-strand breaks has catastrophic consequences for the cell, including aneuploidy and genomic instability. Double-strand breaks may be repaired by homologous recombination or by the error-prone process of nonhomologous end joining. Homologous recombination is an important factor in the susceptibility to breast cancer, because BRCA1 is directly involved in the repair of . . .
Hepatitis B
Authors: Allan G. Redeker
Journal: JAMA (1975)

IN A COMMUNICATION to the<i>New England Journal of Medicine</i>in September 1971, Chalmers and Alter<sup>1</sup>pointed out that, at least at that time, the degree of risk that hepatitis B antigen-positive health-care personnel represent to their patient contacts was obscure. They further raised the question as to whether or not any restrictions should be imposed on the professional activities of such individuals. The following year, the Committee on Viral Hepatitis of the National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, having reviewed the available information on this subject, published their initial statement on the "Public Health Implications of the Presence of Hepatitis B Antigen in Human Serum."<sup>2</sup>The Committee did not recommend either the routine antigen testing of any specific professional group or the imposition of any restrictions on the professional activities of individuals known to be antigen-positive. Are we now in a position to consider a different recommendation?
Access to Medical Records
Authors: David Jacknow
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I have just finished reading a MEDICAL NEWS article (241:777, 1979), and having attended and testified at the hearings in Washington, DC, on the proposed new Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulations, I believe a major problem this OSHA regulation (or one like it) would generate has been overlooked. The proposed regulation would not only give OSHA the right without other authorization to inspect a company record, but also would give OSHA the right to inspect medical records of an employee, regardless of where the records were kept and by whom. Since more than 90% of the employers in this country each employs fewer than 25 workers, and since only a few of the largest companies have their own medical departments, a preponderance of medical records would be in the hands of private physicians. This would mean that OSHA would have entry without a person's authorization
Osier's Node — A Complication of Prolonged Arterial Cannulation
Authors: Edward D. Michaelson, Ronald E. Walsh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

ARTERIAL cannulation for repeated blood gas determinations has become routine in the management of the patient in respiratory failure. Recent reports indicate that prolonged radial-artery cannulation with plastic catheters has a low complication rate.1 2 3 We describe here an unusual complication of arterial cannulation, the occurrence of an Osier node.Case ReportA 44-year-old man was admitted to the hospital in respiratory failure. An 18-gauge, 6-cm Teflon catheter needle was inserted percutaneously into the right radial artery. The puncture site was covered with bacitracin ointment and sterile gauze; the dressing was changed at 48 hours. seventy-two hours after the catheter had . . .
Surgeons and Technical Skill
Authors: N. Capener
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Mcdical innovations spread via academies of medicine, not via those of management.No amount of management will produce nurses or radiographers that don't exist, nor increase their numbers by arranging night work they don't already do.What is medical productivity, anyway?Who has proved that equivalent postoperative care costs less out- side hospital than in?Why should acute beds be equally distributed round the land when morbidity and mortality rates are not?Clinical freedom is not a myth and in the interests of future generations of patients it must be maintained, even if this means the rejection of N.H.S. mark 3, with its man- aging directors elect.Can Professor Logan find any person wise in patient-care who supports Seebohm,1 Salmon," and the rest?-I am, etc., A. F.
Predisposition to Cytomegalovirus Infection of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Michael A. Poles, Edward A. Lew, Douglas T. Dieterich
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 May 1994Predisposition to Cytomegalovirus Infection of the Gastrointestinal TractNeil L. Kao, MD and G. Wendall Richmond, MDNeil L. Kao, MDUniversity of Illinois College of Medicine; Rockford, IL 61107-1897Rush Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center; Chicago, IL 60612-3833Search for more papers by this author and G. Wendall Richmond, MDUniversity of Illinois College of Medicine; Rockford, IL 61107-1897Rush Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center; Chicago, IL 60612-3833Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-9-199405010-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We read with interest the review by Goodgame [1] because one of our patients with systemic lupus erythematosus experienced cytomegalovirus infection complicated by a colonic perforation. I do not believe that therapy with corticosteroids alone encourages the development of widespread cytomegalovirus infection [2]. However, the addition of cytotoxic drugs such as cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, or cyclosporine may reactivate latent infection, as in our patient [3, 4]. Appreciating this association may help clinicians recognize and make an early diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection in predisposed hosts.References1. Goodgame RW. Gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus disease. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:924-35. Google Scholar2. Rubin RH. Infection in the renal transplant patient. In: Rubin RH, Young LS, eds. Clinical Approach to Infection in the Compromised Host. New York: Plenum; 1981:553-605. Google Scholar3. Dowling JN, Saslow AR, Armstrong JA, Ho M. Cytomegalovirus infection in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy for rheumatologic disorders. J Infect Dis. 1976; 133:399-408. Google Scholar4. Dummer JS, Hardy A, Poorsattar A, Ho M. Early infections in kidney, heart, and liver transplant recipients on cyclosporine. Transplantation. 1983; 36:259-67. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Neil L. Kao, MD; G. Wendall Richmond, MDAffiliations: University of Illinois College of Medicine; Rockford, IL 61107-1897Rush Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center; Chicago, IL 60612-3833 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1994Volume 120, Issue 9Page: 810-811KeywordsCorticosteroid therapyCyclophosphamideCytomegalovirus infectionDrugsGastrointestinal tractLupus erythematosus ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 May 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Risk of cardiovascular events in people prescribed glucocorticoids with iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome: cohort study
Authors: L. Fardet, I. Petersen, I. Nazareth
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<h3>Objective</h3> The value of surveillance for patients with Barrett9s oesophagus (BO) is under discussion given the overall low incidence of neoplastic progression and lack of discriminative tests for risk stratification. Histological diagnosis of low-grade dysplasia (LGD) is the only accepted predictor for progression to date, but has a low predictive value. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the value of p53 immunohistochemistry for predicting neoplastic progression in patients with BO. <h3>Design</h3> We conducted a case–control study within a prospective cohort of 720 patients with BO. Patients who developed high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) were classified as cases and patients without neoplastic progression were classified as controls. P53 protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in more than 12 000 biopsies from 635 patients and was scored independently by two expert pathologists who were blinded to long-term outcome. <h3>Results</h3> During follow-up, 49 (8%) patients developed HGD or OAC. P53 overexpression was associated with an increased risk of neoplastic progression in patients with BO after adjusting for age, gender, Barrett length and oesophagitis (adjusted relative risks (RR<sup>a</sup>) 5.6; 95% CI 3.1 to 10.3), but the risk was even higher with loss of p53 expression (RR<sup>a</sup> 14.0; 95% CI 5.3 to 37.2). The positive predictive value for neoplastic progression increased from 15% with histological diagnosis of LGD to 33% with LGD and concurrent aberrant p53 expression. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Aberrant p53 protein expression is associated with an increased risk of neoplastic progression in patients with BO and appears to be a more powerful predictor of neoplastic progression than histological diagnosis of LGD.
More health resources needed to curtail obesity epidemic in Europe
Authors: John Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Doctors need to regard obesity as a disease and base any treatment on sound evidence, participants at the 16th European Congress on Obesity in Geneva were told last week. At the gathering, organised by the European Association for the Study of Obesity, more than 2500 experts met to discuss the problem and the need for increased resources.

Votjech Hainer, the association’s president, said: “We have a lack of human resources; we have a lack of obesity specialists; we have a lack of obesity management centres; and we have a lack of knowledge among physicians.” …
Is There an Optimal Scan Time for 6-[F-18]Fluoro-L-DOPA PET in Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas?
Authors: Michael Hentschel, Christof Rottenburger, Carsten C. Boedeker, Hartmut P. H. Neumann, Ingo Brink
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

To define the appropriate scan time for fluorine-18-labeled dihydroxyphenylalanine (F-18 DOPA) PET in oncological imaging of pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas.F-18 DOPA PET examinations were performed in 9 patients with 7 pheochromocytomas and 4 head and neck paragangliomas using a dedicated PET scanner. The acquisition started with a dynamic single-bed scan in the tumor region over the first 60 minutes after tracer injection followed by a late time whole-body scan at approximately 130 minutes. Standard uptake values (SUVs) were calculated in tumors, surrounding background, and adjacent normal tissues of relevance. Furthermore, kinetic analysis was performed using a 2-compartment model with rate constants for uptake (K1'), release (k2'), metabolism (k3'), and reverse reaction (k4') for region of interest and pixel-wise analysis.All tumors show a marked increased F-18 DOPA uptake, which was visually detectable and distinguishable from the surrounding tissue. The SUV is significantly lower in neck paraganglioma compared with abdominal pheochromocytomas. Mean time-activity curves of F-18 DOPA in tumors show a rapid uptake of the tracer. Already 2 minutes after the injection, the activity in the tumor is beyond that of the blood pool. The average maximum value (SUVmean = 8.2) has already been reached after 20 minutes. Afterward, a very slight decrease of the tumor SUV starts, which still amounts to 80% of the maximum value after 132 minutes. Due to the continuous decrease of activity in the background tissue, the tumor-to-background ratio of SUVs shows a constant increase within the entire period of examination. The mean values of apparent kinetic constants obtained by region of interest analysis averaged over all tumors are as follows: K1' = 2.89 ± 2.56 min(-1), k2' = 2.59 ± 2.81 min(-1), k3' = 0.301 ± 0.395 min(-1), and k4' = 0.044 ± 0.043 min(-1).Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma take up F-18 DOPA very quickly. At best, the acquisition for static clinical PET imaging of paraganglioma with F-18 DOPA can start at 20 minutes postinjection for maximum uptake in tumors. Separation of tumor, background, and adjacent normal tissues is feasible due to their differences in SUV values and kinetics. The kinetic analysis demonstrates an F-18 DOPA accumulation within the tumor due to considerable differences between the rate constants of uptake and metabolism. Second, in contradiction to healthy brain, paraganglionic tumors show a reversible F-18 DOPA metabolism.
Reduced Hepatitis After Blood Transfusion by Australia Antigen Testing of Donor Blood.
Authors: E. Goeser
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Reduced Hepatitis After Blood Transfusion by Australia Antigen Testing of Donor Blood.E. Goeser, M.D., M. B. Dahlke, M.D., W. T. London, M.D., F.A.C.P., A. J. Sutnick, M.D., F.A.C.P., B. S. Blumberg, M.D., F.A.C.P., J. R. Senior, M.D., F.A.C.P.E. Goeser, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, M. B. Dahlke, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, W. T. London, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, A. J. Sutnick, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, B. S. Blumberg, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, J. R. Senior, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-834_4 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA means was sought to reduce the high incidence of hepatitis after blood transfusion in patients at Philadelphia General Hospital (PGH). This was prompted by the finding that the incidence at PGH was many times greater than in patients observed concurrently at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (HUP). Beginning in January 1969 donor units of blood were tested by immunodiffusion for Australia antigen (Au(1)) at both hospitals, so that units positive for Au(1) could be excluded. Before donor unit testing we had previously observed at PGH 10 cases of hepatitis in 56 recipients in 1963 and 13 cases... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pa. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited BySIMILARITY OF HEPATITIS FOLLOWING TRANSFUSION OF AUSTRALIA-ANTIGEN POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE BLOODAustralia Antigen: Progress Report 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 834-834KeywordsAntigensBlood banksBlood donorsBlood transfusionHematologic testsHepatitisHepatitis A Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Bacteriological quality control in human milk-banking.
Authors: A Lucas, C D Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1979)

The bacteriological quality of pooled human milk donated to the Oxford milk bank was analysed and the effects on bacteriology of sterilisation of the milk-collecting vessels in the home with hypochlorite solution and of Holder pasteurisation in a purpose-built human-milk pasteuriser were studied. Collecting milk in hypochlorite-sterilised vessels resulted in a significantly lower bacterial count of both pathogens and species of unlikely pathogenicity before pasteurisation and significantly increased the chance of pasteurisation giving a sterile product. Potentially pathogenic organisms grown in untreated milk were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and group B beta-haemolytic streptococci. Seven species of organisms of unlikely pathogenicity were also identified. Pasteurisation eliminated all potential pathogens from milk but did not reliably remove any of the species of unlikely pathogens. Banked human milk may be contaminated with bacteria which are known to be capable of producing lipases, proteases, and decarboxylases. Accurate pasteurisation, together with attention to the sterility of the collecting vessels, results in a bacteriologically safe product that retains many of the protective properties of raw milk.
Eighteenth Annual Pezcoller Symposium: Tumor Microenvironment and Heterotypic Interactions
Authors: Robert Weinberg, Enrico Mihich
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

This symposium was held in Trento, Italy, from June 27 to 29, 2006, and was co-chaired by Robert Weinberg and Enrico Mihich. The interactions between tumor cells and their microenvironment were discussed with particular emphasis on their molecular mechanisms. The roles of transforming growth factor beta signaling, urokinase, and matrix metalloproteinases in matrix remodeling; the effects of matrix-tumor interactions on cell proliferation and migration; the tumor-promoting effects of inflammation and of related host cell and cytokine functions; the signaling mechanisms affecting the biology of the stroma; and the mechanisms governing angiogenesis were discussed.
Reform of NHS patients' forums unnecessary and unproved, MPs say
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A bill going through the UK parliament that abolishes patients' forums and replaces them with larger bodies has been criticised by MPs. They say evidence is lacking of any benefit and that the bill risks losing the patient volunteers who have brought about valuable changes in the health service over the past three years.

The Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Bill proposes establishing Local Involvement Networks (LINks) in the place of patients' forums, 400 of which have been established in England since December 2003.

The new bodies will cover social care as well as health and are intended to attract a wider and more …
Characterization of acute graft‐versus‐host disease following reduced‐intensity stem‐cell transplantation from an HLA‐identical related donor
Authors: Naoko Murashige, Masahiro Kami, Shin‐ichiro Mori, Yuta Katayama, Kazuhiko Kobayashi, Yasushi Onishi, Akiko Hori, Yukiko Kishi, Tamae Hamaki, Kinuko Tajima, Yoshinobu Kanda, Ryuji Tanosaki, Yoichi Takaue
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)

To investigate clinical features of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) following reduced intensity stem-cell transplantation (RIST), we retrospectively investigated medical records of 65 patients with hematologic malignancies who underwent RIST from a matched related donor. Preparative regimen comprised fludarabine 30 mg/m(2) (n = 53) or cladribine 0.11 mg/kg (n = 12) for 6 days plus busulfan 4 mg/kg for 2 days. Twelve patients received rabbit antithymocyte globulin 2.5 mg/kg/day for 2-4 consecutive days. Grade II to IV acute GVHD was diagnosed in 36 patients (55%). Its median onset was day 58 (range, 17-109), while it was bimodal, peaking day 15-29 (early-onset GVHD, n = 18) and day 75-89 days (late-onset GVHD, n = 18). Variables that were more common in early-onset GVHD than late-onset GVHD included skin rash (89% vs. 61%) and noninfectious fevers (33% vs. 11%). Desaturation, pulmonary infiltrates and hyperbilirubinemia (>2.0 mg/dL) were more common in late-onset GVHD (6% vs. 22%, 0% vs. 17%, and 6% vs. 33%, respectively). All of the patients with early-onset GVHD given corticosteroid responded to it, while 5 of the 18 patients with late-onset GVHD failed to respond it. Patients with either early-onset or late-onset GVHD tended to have better progression-free survival (PFS) than those without it; however, there was no significant difference in PFS between patients with early-onset GVHD and those with late-onset GVHD. This study suggests that several etiologies might have contributed to the development of acute GVHD following RIST.
THE OCULAR SYMPTOMS OF LESIONS OF THE OPTIC CHIASMWITH THE REPORT OF THREE CASES OF BITEMPORAL HEMIANOPSIA.
Authors: G. E. DE SCHWEINITZ
Journal: JAMA (1905)

In order to study the ocular symptoms of lesions of the optic chiasm, the following classification, although somewhat artificial, naturally suggests itself: 1. The anatomic relations and structure of the optic chiasm. 2. Anomalies of the visual field. 3. Ophthalmoscopic changes. 4. Anomalies of the external ocular muscles. 5. Alterations in the pupil reflexes, with special reference to the hemiopic pupillary inaction. 6. The lesions which produce alteration in the structure and function of the optic chiasm and give rise to the ocular symptoms from which their position is inferred. 7. Diseases of the pituitary body, with special reference to the ocular symptoms of acromegaly. 8. Simulation of chiasm disease by other affections, for example, hysteria, locomotor ataxia, brain tumors. 9. The effect of certain toxic agents in causing lesions of the optic chiasm. <h3>ANATOMIC RELATIONS.</h3> Beneath the floor of the third ventricle the optic chiasm rests in the optic
1014-212 Is atrial and pulmonary vein fibrosis involved in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation?
Authors: Alejandro C Perez-Lugones, James McMahon, Patrick McCarthy, José Navia, Nassir F Marrouche, Yaariv Khaykin, Mandeev Bhargava, Antonio Rosillo, Marc Gillinov, Walid Saliba, Patrick Tchou, Andrea Natale
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
93 Amoxicillin-clavulanate (AC) associated hepatotoxicity: Analysis of a single country large cohort prospectively identified
Authors: R.J. Andrade, M.I. Lucena, K. Pachkoria, Y. Borraz, G. Pelaez, M. Jiménez, L. Rodrigo, M. Romero-Gomez, R. Planas, S. Blanco, J.M. Navarro, C. Guarner, F. Pons
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
A Liquid Diet for Athletes
Authors: S. C. Bilik
Journal: JAMA (1962)

To the Editor:—  The University of Nebraska has about 12,000 students; 50 of them, physical supermen, constitute the football squad. Expert coaches, trainers, and physicians concentrate on endowing these mastodons with extraordinary skill and ruggedness.  Dr. K. D. Rose's article A Liquid Pregame Meal for Athletes ( JAMA  178 :30-33 [Oct. 7] 1961) offers challengeable suggestions. At Nebraska, pregame vomiting is a problem of serious concern. Emotional tension is a vital factor in sports. Butterflies in the stomach, bats in the attic, and cotton mouth are commonplace signs of pregame jitters. Chewing gum effectively lessens the acuity of the discomforts. Vomiting is an infrequent occurrence; perhaps cornhusking predisposes to it. Chew more gum.  Interference with normal physiological functions and rhythms established through eons of evolution is utter folly. Normal appetizing food is preferable to a mess of chemicals concocted in laboratories. Trainers routinely encourage athletes to choose the foods they prefer.
Risk factors for acute myocardial infarction in women: evidence from the Royal College of General Practitioners' oral contraception study.
Authors: P. Croft, P. C. Hannaford
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To determine the pattern of risk factors for acute myocardial infarction associated solely with women a nested case-control study was carried out on cohort data collected during the Royal College of General Practitioners9 oral contraception study. Smoking (adjusted relative risk 1.7 for light smokers and 4.3 for heavy smokers), hypertension (2.4), toxaemia of pregnancy (2.8), and diabetes mellitus (6.9) were associated with a significantly increased risk of myocardial infarction. There was no significant trend of risk with social class. Current use of the pill increased the risk only among women who also smoked (relative risk 20.8 for heavy smokers). Previous use of the pill did not influence the risk of myocardial infarction. If heavy smokers also had a history of toxaemia of pregnancy their risk of myocardial infarction was further increased (relative risk 41.0). Other variables associated solely with women, such as parity, hysterectomy, and hormone replacement therapy, had little effect on the risk of having a myocardial infarction. Overall, smoking was the most important independent risk factor and had a strong influence on risks associated with other factors.