tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE USE OF THE CURETTE IN ACUTE INFECTION OF UTERUS WITH ADHERENT PLACENTA.
Authors: D. S. FAIRCHILD
Journal: JAMA (1898)

its actual size.It is, more properly speaking, a tubo- ovarian retention cyst, inasmuch as the ovary forms part of the cyst wall, and the contents consist of the retained menstrual fluid.Fig. 2 represents the right distended tube and ovary, two-thirds its actual size.The ovary is distinct by itself and in a condition of cystic degeneration.The Fallopian tube and adven- titious cysts at its end contain menstrual fluid.The plates are accurate, the drawings being made before the cysts were opened, so I shall not describe the external appearance of the two specimens.The pathologic anatomy and nature of the retained menses are well known.In this connection let me say that two fimbrise of the left tube could be differ- entiated within the cyst, and the contents were free from germs.
Long-Term Effects of Secondary Prevention on Cognitive Function in Stroke Patients
Authors: Abdel Douiri, Christopher McKevitt, Eva S. Emmett, Anthony G. Rudd, Charles D.A. Wolfe
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Limited long-term follow-up data exist on the impact of appropriate secondary prevention therapies on cognitive function in patients after first-ever stroke. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of secondary prevention of vascular events on cognitive function after stroke.Data were collected between 1995 and 2011 (n=4413) from the community-based South London Stroke Register covering an inner-city multiethnic source population of 271 817 inhabitants. Modified Poisson regression models were constructed to adjust for cognitive function status at 3 months, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, case mix, stroke subtype, vascular risk factors, disability, and stroke recurrence. In patients with ischemic strokes without a history of atrial fibrillation (AF), there was a reduced risk of cognitive impairment associated with the use of different prevention treatments: (1) antihypertensives (relative risk, 0.7 [95% confidence interval, 0.57-0.82] for diuretics; relative risk, 0.8 [95% confidence interval, 0.64-0.98] for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; and relative risk, 0.7 [95% confidence interval, 0.55-0.81] for their combination), (2) a combination of aspirin and dipyridamole (relative risk, 0.8 [95% confidence interval, 0.68-1.01]), and (3) statin (relative risk, 0.9 [95% confidence interval, 0.76-1.06]) when clinically indicated. Protective effects against cognitive impairment were also observed in patients on the combination of antihypertensives, antithrombotic agents, and lipid-lowering drugs (relative risk, 0.55 [95% confidence interval, 0.40-0.77]). No significant associations were noted between poststroke cognitive impairment and antihypertensives among hemorrhagic stroke patients.Appropriate vascular risk management was associated with a long-term reduced risk of cognitive impairment. Focus on optimal preventive drug therapy of vascular risk factors and management should be supported.
Effect of Antioxidant Vitamins on the Transient Impairment of Endothelium—Dependent Brachial Artery Vasoactivity Following a Single High-Fat Meal
Authors: Gary D. Plotnick, Mary C. Corretti, Robert A. Vogel
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Much has been written about the potential role of antioxidants in the prevention of atherosclerosis.To assess the short-term effect of a single high-fat meal with and without pretreatment with antioxidant vitamins on endothelial function in healthy, normocholesterolemic subjects.Observer-blinded randomized trial.University hospital.Twenty healthy, normocholesterolemic (total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol <5.2 mmol/L and <3.4 mmol/L [<200 mg/dL and <130 mg/ dL], respectively), male (7) and female (13) hospital employee volunteers, aged 24 to 54 years.Three randomly administered breakfasts: (1) a high-fat meal (3766 J [900 calories], 50 g of fat); (2) a low-fat meal (3766 J [900 calories], 0 g of fat); and (3) a high-fat meal and pretreatment with oral administration of vitamins C (1 g) and E (800 IU) (high-fat meal with vitamins). A subgroup of 10 subjects also ate the low-fat meal with the same vitamin pretreatment (low-fat meal with vitamins).High-resolution ultrasound assessed flow-mediated (endothelium-dependent) brachial artery vasodilation measured as percent diameter change before and hourly for 6 hours following each meal.Flow-mediated vasodilation fell from a mean+/-SD of 20%+/-8% before to 12%+/-6%, 10%+/-6%, and 8%+/-9% at 2, 3, and 4 hours, respectively, after the high-fat meal (P<.001). No significant changes in flow-mediated vasodilation occurred after the low-fat meal, high-fat meal with vitamins, or low-fat meal with vitamins. The change in flow-mediated vasodilation after the low-fat and high-fat meals correlated inversely with the 2-hour postprandial change in triglyceride levels (r=-0.54; P<.001).A single high-fat meal transiently reduces endothelial function for up to 4 hours in healthy, normocholesterolemic subjects, probably through the accumulation of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. This decrease is blocked by pretreatment with antioxidant vitamins C and E, suggesting an oxidative mechanism.
Irinotecan Fluorouracil Plus Leucovorin Is Not Superior to Fluorouracil Plus Leucovorin Alone As Adjuvant Treatment for Stage III Colon Cancer: Results of CALGB 89803
Authors: Leonard B. Saltz, Donna Niedzwiecki, Donna Hollis, Richard M. Goldberg, Alexander Hantel, James P. Thomas, Anthony L.A. Fields, Robert J. Mayer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Purpose Randomized studies have shown that irinotecan (CPT-11) extends survival in metastatic colorectal cancer patients when administered in second-line and when added to fluorouracil (FU) plus leucovorin (LV) in first-line therapy of metastatic colorectal cancer. When this study was initiated, FU plus LV was standard adjuvant treatment for stage III colon cancer. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of weekly bolus CPT-11 plus FU plus LV in the treatment of patients with completely resected stage III colon cancer. Methods A total of 1,264 patients were randomly assigned to receive either standard weekly bolus FU plus LV regimen or weekly bolus CPT-11 plus FU plus LV. The primary end points of the study were overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Results Treatment arms were well-balanced for patient characteristics and prognostic variables. There were no differences in either DFS or OS between the two treatment arms. Toxicity, including lethal toxicity, was significantly higher on the CPT-11 plus FU plus LV arm. Conclusion The addition of CPT-11 to weekly bolus FU plus LV did not result in improvement in DFS or OS in stage III disease, but did increase both lethal and nonlethal toxicity. This trial demonstrates that advances in the treatment of metastatic disease do not necessarily translate into advances in adjuvant treatment, and it reinforces the need for randomized controlled adjuvant studies.
Hazards of Phlebotomy in Polycythemic Patients With Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: John F. Kiraly
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Three patients with polycythemia and previous evidence of cardiovascular disease underwent routine phlebotomies. Systolic hypotension followed by ineffective volume replacement with electrolyte solutions developed in all patients after phlebotomy. In two patients acute myocardial infarction and in a third cardiovascular collapse and death were temporally related to the procedure. This experience suggests that phlebotomy in patients with cardiovascular disease should be performed by the slow removal of small volumes of blood under continuous blood pressure monitoring. Effective restoration of the plasma volume with plasma or colloid is essential unless volume overload is present.
Universal colour perception versus contingent colour naming: A paradox?
Authors: Noud W. H. van Kruysbergen, Anna M. T. Bosman, Charles de Weert
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Confusion concerning the issue of universality of colour categorization would greatly diminish if context regains its fundamental status in psychological research and we give up on the reductionist notion that biological universality implies behavioral universality.
Spontaneous episodes of atrial fibrillation after implantation of the Metrix Atrioverter: observations on treated and nontreated episodes
Authors: Carl Timmermans, Samuel Lévy, Gregory M. Ayers, Werner Jung, Luc Jordaens, Marten Rosenqvist, Bernard Thibault, John Camm, Luz-Maria Rodriguez, Hein J.J. Wellens
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Modifications in prostate cancer operation preserve potency
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1983)

A new technique for performing radical prostatectomy, a cancer treatment that long has been considered almost worse than the disease because of its effect on sexual potency, has been developed by Patrick C. Walsh, MD, chair of the Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, and director of its James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute. Since April 1982, Walsh has performed modified radical retropubic prostatectomies on 50 men between the ages of 44 and 68 years with stage B adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland. Half underwent surgery less than three months ago and, because the time to return of potency varies with the patient's prior condition and the degree of neural trauma, results for these patients are not yet available. For the other 25 men—whom Walsh has followed for three to 12 months, who were potent preoperatively, and who have sexual partners—results are promising. At three months and
The Acid-Activated Ion Channel ASIC Contributes to Synaptic Plasticity, Learning, and Memory
Authors: John A. Wemmie, Jianguo Chen, Candice C. Askwith, Alesia M. Hruska-Hageman, Margaret P. Price, Brian C. Nolan, Patrick G. Yoder, Ejvis Lamani, Toshinori Hoshi, John H. Freeman, Michael J. Welsh
Journal: Neuron (2002)
How reliable is the diagnosis of lung cancer using small biopsy specimens? Report of a UKCCCR Lung Cancer Working Party.
Authors: J S Thomas, D Lamb, T Ashcroft, B Corrin, C W Edwards, A R Gibbs, W E Kenyon, R J Stephens, W F Whimster
Journal: Thorax (1993)

BACKGROUND--A study was undertaken to investigate the accuracy of typing of a series of bronchial carcinomas by experienced pathologists with an interest in lung cancer from the examination of bronchoscopic biopsy specimens. METHODS--Eighty bronchial biopsy specimens showing positive results for bronchial carcinoma were circulated to five pathologists, who recorded diagnostic criteria and diagnosis for each. Diagnoses were then compared with the diagnosis agreed from the resection specimen corresponding to each biopsy specimen. A "non-small cell carcinoma, not further specified" classification group was introduced for small biopsy specimens. RESULTS--A diagnostic accuracy of 75% was achieved for squamous cell carcinomas, 66% for small cell carcinomas, and 50% for adenocarcinomas. There was diagnostic confusion between small cell and non-small cell carcinoma in less than 10% of cases. The introduction of a non-specific non-small cell classification improved diagnostic accuracy by 10-15% for each non-small cell tumour group. CONCLUSIONS--There are appreciable inaccuracies in applying the World Health Organisation9s 1981 classification of lung cancer to the diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma from small biopsy specimens and these inaccuracies have been measured. They can be diminished by introducing a less specific "non-small cell" category for use with this sort of biopsy material. Care should be taken not to overinterpret small biopsy specimens in lung cancer.
Frequent somatic mutations of the transcription factor ATBF1 in human prostate cancer
Authors: Xiaodong Sun, Henry F Frierson, Ceshi Chen, Changling Li, Qimei Ran, Kristen B Otto, Brandi M Cantarel, Robert L Vessella, Allen C Gao, John Petros, Yutaka Miura, Jonathan W Simons, Jin-Tang Dong
Journal: Nature Genetics (2005)
Frances Mary Fountain
Authors: Sheila Moore
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist Harrogate and Ripon Hospitals Group (b Knaresborough 1922; q Cambridge/Manchester 1946; FRCOG), died on 9 December 2003 after a series of strokes.​strokes.




Figure 1




Frances's progression to consultant was interrupted by health problems and family worries, and so she entered general practice for some years. She was appointed consultant to the Harrogate group of hospitals in 1973, thus joining the unbroken line of female obstetricians stretching from the early years of the last century that has given Harrogate mothers the choice of a woman consultant for their deliveries. Frances had a Cambridge blue for cricket and took delight in watching football, tennis, horseracing, and golf, taking up golf herself in retirement. She was also an excellent hostess.
Androgen Levels and Semen Parameters Among Former Users of Finasteride With Persistent Sexual Adverse Effects
Authors: Michael S. Irwig
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Discussion | Minimal incision extraction has been adopted by many dermatologists because it is an office procedure with minimal complications, a specimen is produced to confirm the lesion's benign nature, and lipomas are slow growing and unlikely to recur quickly, even if not completely removed.Minimal incision extraction is favored compared with elliptical excision because it is quick, easily and safely performed in the office setting, and allows removal during a standard visit rather than rescheduling patients for a more time-consuming elliptical excision.Lipoma extraction through MIE is particularly easy and practical in patients with multiple painful lipomas.Our survey revealed a significant difference between the rate of dermatologist use of MIE for 1-cm and 3-cm lipomas (67.8% vs 55.2%; P = .04),suggesting that practitioners find removing larger lipomas more difficult with this technique.Certainly, larger lipomas may require dissection, piecemeal removal, or more hemostasis, and are more time consuming, but MIE is still possible and more efficient than elliptical excisions in most cases. 2 We have used MIE on lipomas of up to 14 cm.Limitations of this study include a geographically limited study population and the lack of data to discern whether respondents would choose different techniques based on body location.The survey data demonstrate that approximately 33% of dermatologists do not use MIE, even for solitary 1-cm lipomas, and that the most commonly cited reason for not treating lipomas was being uncomfortable with this procedure.Perhaps after seeing a demonstration (Video) of this quick and simple technique, more dermatologists will be willing to attempt MIE.Other physicians may be waiting for more outcome data demonstrating the recurrence rate after MIE vs elliptical excisions.One case series using MIE had a recurrence rate of 1.4%, but this source did not disclose the follow-up period or provide comparative data. 3 Our clinical experience with this procedure suggests that the recurrence risk after MIE is low, and when recurrences occur, they can be treated with the same MIE technique, avoiding the need for an elliptical excision.
Southall plans to sue GMC for delays and an unfair trial
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The child protection paediatrician David Southall plans to sue the General Medical Council for allegedly denying him a fair trial, he announced this week after the UK regulator threw out its only remaining case against him.

He claims that the GMC, which has brought three cases against him, breached article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights, which guarantees the right to a fair trial within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal.

The move comes after a GMC decision not to rehear its only remaining case against Dr Southall, a year and nine months after the Court of Appeal sent it back to the GMC with a strong hint that it should be dropped.

The GMC’s decision to cancel the …
The common allergens in the Churg–Strauss syndrome
Authors: P. Bottero, M. Bonini, F. Vecchio, A. Grittini, G. M. Patruno, B. Colombo, R. A. Sinico
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: The asthmatic‐prodromal phase of Churg–Strauss syndrome (CSS) is usually considered allergic, but data about the involved allergens are scarce. The aim of our work was to examine the prevalence of allergy in a group of CSS patients and in two control groups of persistent asthmatic subjects selected for eosinophilia &gt;10% [first control group patients (CGP1)] and eosinophils &lt;6% [second control group patients (CGP2)]. Methods: The respiratory symptoms, and the results of prick test and/or RAST for the common allergens, performed before the vasculitic phase in 51 CSS, were retrospectively evaluated and compared with those of 46 CGP1 and 50 CGP2. Results: 31.4% of CSS vs 67.4% of CGP1 ( P = 0.0004) and vs 58.0% CGP2 ( P = 0.007) were allergic. The number of subjects with seasonal allergies was lower in CSS vs CGP1 ( P = 0.0069) and vs CGP2 ( P = 0.0002). The number of perennial allergies was significantly higher in CSS than in both control groups (CSS vs CGP1, P = 0.0108; CSS vs CGP2, P = 0.0079). The subjects allergic to Dermatophagoides were prevalent in CSS vs CGP1 ( P = 0.0045) but not vs CGP2. Conclusions: The evidence of allergy, considered as the demonstration of specific IgE consistent with the clinical history, is present in less than one‐third of CSS and the higher prevalence of seasonal allergies in the controls disagrees with persistent asthma. Allergy may be only one of several mechanisms triggering exacerbation of asthma or supporting chronic airway inflammation as in asthma in general. Alternatively, unidentified allergens may play a role.
Matrix architecture defines the preferential localization and migration of T cells into the stroma of human lung tumors
Authors: Hélène Salmon, Katarzyna Franciszkiewicz, Diane Damotte, Marie-Caroline Dieu-Nosjean, Pierre Validire, Alain Trautmann, Fathia Mami-Chouaib, Emmanuel Donnadieu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Appropriate localization and migration of T cells is a prerequisite for antitumor immune surveillance. Studies using fixed tumor samples from human patients have shown that T cells accumulate more efficiently in the stroma than in tumor islets, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are unknown. By combining immunostaining and real-time imaging in viable slices of human lung tumors, we revealed that the density and the orientation of the stromal extracellular matrix likely play key roles in controlling the migration of T cells. Active T cell motility, dependent on chemokines but not on β1 or β2 integrins, was observed in loose fibronectin and collagen regions, whereas T cells migrated poorly in dense matrix areas. Aligned fibers in perivascular regions and around tumor epithelial cell regions dictated the migratory trajectory of T cells and restricted them from entering tumor islets. Consistently, matrix reduction with collagenase increased the ability of T cells to contact cancer cells. Thus, the stromal extracellular matrix influences antitumor immunity by controlling the positioning and migration of T cells. Understanding the mechanisms by which this collagen network is generated has the potential to aid in the development of new therapeutics.
The Work of WHO, 1980-1981: Biennial Report of the Director-General to the World Health Assembly and to the United Nations
Authors: John A. H. Lee
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In about 250 pages of text this account of the activities, concerns, and responsibilities of the World Health Organization during a two-year period is a miracle of compression. Progress is real and evident. In the whole of Latin America during the decade of the 1970s, the yearly mortality rate of children aged 1 through 4 years dropped from 815 to 4.3. Sometimes the meaning is almost squeezed out of the account—tables refer to mean data for whole regions of the earth, with footnoted comments on the effects on a single line if, for example, the data for China are excluded. WHO is a major bureaucracy, and something of the mandarin's detachment comes through. Failure is disappointing; progress falls short of expectations. Occasionally the comment is blunt: referring to the problems of the states bordering South Africa, the text comments that their social and health situation remains precarious because of South
Current Medical and Surgical Therapy for Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: James C. Grotta
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

THE past several years have witnessed a flurry of prospective clinical trials of new treatments for transient ischemic attack, cerebral infarction, and cerebral hemorrhage, and the results have markedly altered our management of these conditions (Table 1). Furthermore, another generation of Phase II and controlled prospective studies (based on pilot studies) are planned or under way (Table 2). This survey will briefly review these studies in the context of current therapy for the following: prevention of stroke after transient ischemic attack or stroke, acute cerebral infarction and progressing stroke, cardiogenic embolism to the brain, cerebral arteritis, intracerebral hematoma, arteriovenous malformation, . . .
Diets for Gastrointestinal Disorders
Authors: T. L. Cleave
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  With reference to the article on nutrition in gastrointestinal disorders by R. M. Donaldson, Jr., (225:1243, 1973), may I contend that this subject is immensely clarified by relating most of these disorders, especially peptic ulcer, to the breaking of evolutionary laws through the refining of carbohydrates, as in the eating of white flour, white rice, and, above all, ordinary sugar?  This relationship has been set out in our joint work, on a worldwide epidemiological basis, including evidence from the prisoner-of-war camps in Japan, Germany, and Russia during World War II. And in the diet card at the end of the work, which the present writer has used with success for 30 years in the Royal Navy, recommending natural, unrefined foods, naturally desired, the key importance of pleasure in eating is particularly emphasized.