tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Transmural ventricular distribution of coronary blood flow during coronary beta 2-adrenergic receptor activation in dogs.
Authors: R J Domenech, P R MacLellan
Journal: Circulation Research (1980)

Coronary vessels have /? 2 -adrenergic receptors, but their role in distributing flow across the ventricular wall independently of cardiac metabolic and mechanical factors that influence coronary resistance is unknown.We studied the working heart of open-chest dogs and measured blood flow with radioactive microspheres in four layers across the left ventricular wall before and during /3 2 -receptor activation by intracoronary infusions of salbutamol or isoproterenol.Myocardial fi, receptors were blocked with practolol, and aortic pressure, heart rate, and myocardial oxygen consumption were prevented from changing significantly./3 2 activation produced a progressively greater increase in flow from the subendocardium to the subepicardium with a decrease in the subendocardial : subepicardial (I:O) ratio from 1.40 to 1.00.Coronary resistance decreased progressively from the subendocardium to the subepicardium.To assess the influence on the above results of the transmural redistribution of flow that normally is developed by myocardial contraction in the working heart, similar experiments were conducted in the empty beating heart.A two-step vasodilation with salbutamol decreased the I:O flow ratio from 1.76 to 1.40 and then to 1.27.Coronary resistance decreased from the subendocardium to the subepicardium during both steps of vasodilation.For comparable increments of flow, the decrease in the I:O flow ratio in the empty beating heart was smaller than that in the working heart.These results indicate that the activation of coronary /i 2 receptors redistributes flow toward the subepicardium by producing a larger vasodilation in this region independently of the metabolic and mechanical influences of heart contraction on coronary resistance.This effect is enhanced in the intact heart by the transmural gradient of resistance to flow produced by cardiac contraction.
Toward a hybrid Artificial Pancreas
Authors: Eli A Friedman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

Management of insulinopenic diabetic individuals centers on administration of insulin by means of multiple injections, a wearable or implantable insulin-infusion pump, or a whole-organ or segmental-pancreas transplant. Preliminary trials indicate that surgical implantation of a hybrid device containing living insulin-secreting tissue may function as a combined glucose sensor and insulin-infusion pump. By means of a chamber composed of a semipermeable membrane shaped into hollow fibers or a box surrounding endocrine tissue, pilot studies have shown that isolated islets of Langerhans, fragments of insulinoma, or a fetal pancreas retains function for days to weeks, as judged by the ability to sustain euglycemic conditions in chemically induced diabetic rats. Lacking clear proof that normalizing blood glucose levels will prevent vascular complications of diabetes in humans, the case for further development of a hybrid (tissue plus fabricated components) device rests mainly on optimistic extrapolation of results attained in the chemically induced diabetic rat and dog. For the minority of diabetic patients who have insulin-dependent diabetes, the benefit afforded by a bionic device establishing internal insulin release regulated by silently sensed blood glucose level is more than enough payoff for the discomfort and surgery involved in its implantation. Further trials of a hybrid artificial pancreas in the dog appear warranted as a logical extension of preliminary studies with this species.
On the origin of Metazoan adhesion receptors: cloning of integrin alpha subunit from the sponge Geodia cydonium
Authors: Z. Pancer, M. Kruse, I. Muller, W. E. Muller
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

Integrins are prominent receptors known from vertebrates and the higher phyla of invertebrates. Until now, no evidence has been provided for the existence of integrins in the lowest Metazoa, the sponges (Porifera). We have isolated and characterized a cDNA clone encoding the alpha subunit of integrin from the marine sponge Geodia cydonium (GCINTEG). The open reading frame encodes a polypeptide of 1,086 residues (118 kDa). The intracellular domain features the sequence Tyr-Phe-x-Gly-Phe-Phe-x-Arg, which is different in one residue from the characteristic consensus pattern for integrin alpha subunits. We conclude that sponges, the oldest multicellular animal phylum, already utilize the structural elements which are required for a tuned and controlled interaction among cells, and between cells and the extracellular matrix.
Gonococcal Tenosynovitis-Dermatitis and Septic Arthritis
Authors: Sumner E. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Twenty-three patients with disseminated gonococcal infections—15 with acute tenosynovitis, six with septic monoarticular arthritis, and two with both—were randomly given five days of erythromycin stearate or estolate, 500 mg orally every six hours (13 patients), or crystalline aqueous penicillin G potassium, 1 million units intravenously every three hours for three days (ten patients). There were no treatment failures. Cultures taken one and seven days and two and four weeks after completion of therapy were uniformly negative. Clinical resolution was rapid in both groups, as judged by response of fever, joint tenderness, and disappearance of joint effusion. Orally administered erythromycin is a useful alternative to penicillin in the treatment of disseminated gonococcal infections, particularly in penicillinallergic pregnant women. (<i>JAMA</i>244:1101-1102, 1980)
New diagnoses of inflammatory bowel disease during bowel cancer screening colonoscopy
Authors: J. Louis-Auguste, P. Cohen, J. Martin, G. V. Smith
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Colonoscopy in the National Bowel Cancer Screening Programme is designed to detect neoplasia based on positive faecal occult blood testing in an asymptomatic population between the ages of 60 and 75; however participants often report symptoms at the time of assessment. Anecdotally some individuals have been reported to have inflammatory bowel disease at screening. The aim of this study is to quantify the number of histologically confirmed new diagnoses of IBD in this population and the proportion of these that have symptoms. <h3>Methods</h3> The authors retrospectively identified all patients who underwent screening colonoscopy during the first 3 years of the programme at Charing Cross Hospital (Screening population 1.1 million). Gastrointestinal symptoms were prospectively recorded at the initial interview. Specifically individuals were asked about bowel frequency, diarrhoea or the presence of rectal bleeding. Endoscopically reported findings of inflammation were collated and the pathological findings at biopsy reviewed. Patients with prediagnosed IBD were excluded from the analysis. <h3>Results</h3> 1391 procedures were carried out on 1240 individuals. Endoscopically reported inflammation was seen in 54 (4.4%) and pathologically confirmed IBD found in 35 (2.8%). Of these 16 were diagnosed as having Crohn9s disease (1.3%) and 19 ulcerative colitis (1.5%). The other final diagnoses are shown in table 1 below. Of the 10 patients determined to have indeterminate colitis at histology, a further 7 (0.4%) had pathological findings of IBD but lacked diagnostic features. Of those with confirmed IBD, 10 with Crohn9s disease (62%) and 9 with ulcerative colitis (47%) had not reported gastrointestinal symptoms. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In this cohort of 1240 patients, a confirmed new diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease was found in 2.8%. A further 0.4% had histological changes that were likely to represent IBD. Of those with a diagnosis of IBD, 54% were asymptomatic on direct questioning prior to the procedure. Previously undiagnosed IBD is a frequent finding at screening colonoscopy even in patients without symptoms.
Upgrading V.D. Departments
Authors: F. J. G. Jefferiss
Journal: BMJ (1970)

aetiology of this disorder.Researches such as this can hope to clarify only one aspect of the total problem.While there is little doubt that androgen deficiency can give rise to impotence, it is unlikely to be a significant factor.Treatment of impotence with testo- sterone rarely improves sexual potency.-I
P2-285: Metronomic chemotherapy in pre-treated patients with advanced or metastatic lung cancer: a preliminary report from a single-centre compassionate use programme
Authors: Sandro J. Martins, Crystina A. Yamamoto, Jurema A. Sousa, Igor B. Vasconcelos, Livia Andrade, Augusto Motta
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
955. Transduction Efficiency Screening for 7 Different AAV Serotypes in 12 Human Cancer Cell Lines and 2 Xenograft Animal Models
Authors: Keerang Park, Youn-Ju Kim, Dong Kyu Kim, Young-Hwa Cho, Jong-Koo Kang, Seock-Yeon Hwang, Hee-Jong Kim, Jin-Hyun Lee, Sung-Ha Cho, So-Yong Yi, Sun-Kyoung Kim, Eun-Jung Park
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Over the past several years, viral and non-viral gene delivery systems have been intensively developed to establish an ideal delivery vector for cancer gene therapy. Among the large variety of virus vectors currently being developed, the vector based on recombinant AAV (rAAV) is one of those that are closest to the ideal vector due to the following features; the lack of pathogenicity and toxicity, ability to infect dividing and non-dividing cells of various tissue origins, a very limited host immune response and long-term persistent expression. However, there is concern that two major obstacles of AAV serotype 2 (AAV2), the relative paucity of AAV receptors on certain cell types and the presence of pre-existing immunity to AAV2 in humans might limit its clinical applications in humans. To overcome these limitations, we first investigated in vitro transduction efficiencies for 7 different AAV serotypes (AAV1 – AAV6, AAV8) in 12 human tumor cell lines (MKN74, AGS, NCI-H460, HT1080, HepG2, SK-Hep1, HCT-116, 5637, UMUC3, HeLa, DU145 and MCF7). We employed "pseudotyped" AAV vector systems, in which rAAV2 vector genomes containing the CMV promoter/ enhancer, the green fluorescent protein (GFP) cDNA and SV40 poly (A) signal, flanked by AAV2 ITR sequences are cross-packaged into the capsid proteins of the other AAV serotypes (several plasmids are kindly provided by Dr. Katherine A. High, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center). As we reported previously, the efficiency of rAAV2 infection into most of the tested cancer cell lines was significantly high (>90%), whereas the transduction efficiencies for other 5 different rAAV serotypes were varied and greatly low. On the other hand the efficiency of rAAV5 transduction in various tumor cell lines were comparably high, mostly similar to that of rAAV2. Using the xenograft nude mice implanted with either NCI-H460 or HCT-116 cancer cells, we also studied in vivo transduction efficiency for several pseudotyped rAAV vectors, which were shown to have a host range different from rAAV2. Taken altogether our results suggest that the pseudotyped rAAV5 vector can be developed as one of the most efficient gene delivery systems for cancer gene therapy to overcome the anti-AAV2 immune response. (This study was supported by the grant from the Ministry of Science and Technology (M10534040005-05N3404-00511), Seoul, and the Chung-Buk Pioneering Bioindustry R&D Grant, Chung-Buk, Korea.)
Increased dosage of disodium cromoglycate.
Authors: J M Smith
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Miss Round.2We await the estimations of vitamin D levels to be completed on random samples from children in our survey.Maybe we shall be shown to be wrong, but in view of the marked difference between the heights and weights of our treated children and the control groups and the correlation of vitaniin D levels with serum alkaline phosphatase found in Asians by Dr. O'Riordan and his colleagues3 we doubt it.A full report on the effects of treatment and on alkaline phos- phatase levels will be submitted for publication shortly.-Weare, etc.,-
Bilateral forearm intravenous regional anesthesia with prilocaine for botulinum toxin treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis
Authors: Sofia Bosdotter Enroth, Alma Rystedt, Lucian Covaciu, Kristina Hymnelius, Einar Rystedt, Rebecka Nyberg, Hans Naver, Carl Swartling
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2010)
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Patients Who Have Negative Conversion of Axillary Lymph Node after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Node Positive Breast Cancer.
Authors: S. Lee, S. Hwang, J. Jeong, S. Kim, E. Son, Y. Ryu, W. Jung, H. Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has been currently debatable. It is possible that the tumor response to chemotherapy may alter the lymphatic drainage thus causing lower SLN identification rate and higher false negative rate. Further, the response of NAC can be different in each lymph nodes. It is doubtful whether SLNB can accurately predict axillary lymph node (ALN) status after NAC. The aim of this study to determine the identification rate, the false-negative rate, and the accuracy of SLNB after NAC for node positive breast cancer.Patients and Methods: A prospective study was initiated to evaluate the results of SLNB after NAC. From January 2007 to April 2009, 81 patients with positive axillary lymph nodes enrolled from two institutions after IRB-approved. They received NAC and then evaluated negative conversion of metastatic lymph node with both PET and breast US. All of them underwent ALN dissection after SLNB with subareolar intradermal injection technique using radioisotope. We evaluated the identification rate, false negative rate, accuracy of SLNB according to the response of chemotherapy in axillary lymph nodes (negative conversion group or remaining positive group).Results: Before the NAC, 31 patients had multiple axillary lymph node metastasis and 50 patients had single metastasis. After NAC 44 cases (54.3%) turned into negative node and 37 cases (45.7%) remained positive nodes. Total identification rate was 80.2% (65 of 81), false negative rate was 19.0% (8 of 42) and accuracy was 87.7% (57 of 65). In negative conversion group showed 84.1% (37 of 44) of identification rate, 21.1% (4 of 19) of false negative rate, 89.2% (33 of 37) of accuracy. In remaining positive group revealed 75.7% (28 of 37) of identification rate, 17.4% (4 of 23) of false negative rate, 85.7% (24/28) of accuracy. There was no statistical significant difference of identification rate, false negative rate, accuracy of SLNB among the two group after NAC (p=0.343, p=0.534, p=0.478, respectively).Conclusion: This study showed relatively low detection rate and accuracy, high false-negative rate of SLNB, even if the positive nodes changed to negative node after NAC. Thus sentinel lymph node biopsy after NAC for node positive breast cancer should be cautious. Since this study had small number of negative conversion patients, further larger prospective studies are required for more proper conclusion. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1022.
Evening primrose oil for atopic dermatitis
Authors: H. C Williams
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Time to say goodnight 

With concerns about using topical corticosteroids for atopic dermatitis sometimes reaching phobic proportions,1 the emergence of a natural plant oil extract as a possible alternative treatment was well received in the early 1980s.2 3 Interest was fuelled because evening primrose oil extract (containing 8-10% of gamma linolenic acid (GLA)) appeared to cause few side effects and because there was a very plausible mechanism to explain why supplementation with this essential fatty acid might work in atopic dermatitis.4 The scene was therefore set for a new treatment, and physicians like myself were delighted to have another option to offer patients with this miserable condition.

Since then many studies have evaluated the efficacy of oral gamma linolenic acid supplementation for atopic dermatitis, with conflicting results. Fifteen studies (10 dealing with evening primrose oil, and five with borage oil, which contains even higher concentrations of GLA) were summarised in a systematic review of atopic dermatitis treatments that I and others conducted for the NHS Health Technology Assessment programmes.5 Although we could not pool the data because of differences between study participants, GLA doses, and outcomes (which were often clinically meaningless), we found that the largest and best reported studies did not show convincing evidence of any benefit.6

One “unturned stone” has been the notion that GLA works only when given in very …
Health Status and Quality of Life in Patients With Early-Stage Hodgkin’s Disease Treated on Southwest Oncology Group Study 9133
Authors: Patricia A. Ganz, Carol M. Moinpour, Donna K. Pauler, Alice B. Kornblith, Ellen R. Gaynor, Stanley P. Balcerzak, Gretchen S. Gatti, Harry P. Erba, Sheryl McCoy, Oliver W. Press, Richard I. Fisher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

We describe the short and intermediate-term quality-of-life (QOL) outcomes in patients treated on a randomized clinical trial in early-stage Hodgkin's disease (Southwest Oncology Group [SWOG] 9133) comparing subtotal lymphoid irradiation (STLI) with combined-modality treatment (CMT).Two hundred forty-seven patients participated in the QOL study (SWOG 9208), completing several standardized instruments (Symptom Distress Scale; Cancer Rehabilitation Evaluation System - Short Form; Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey Vitality Scale; and a health perception item), as well as questions about work, marital status, and concerns about having children. This article reports on results from baseline before random assignment, at 6 months, and at 1 and 2 years after random assignment.Patients receiving CMT experienced significantly greater symptom distress (P = .0001), [corrected] fatigue (P =.0001), [corrected] and poorer QOL (P =.015) at 6 months than the STLI patients, reflecting a shorter time since completion of therapy in the CMT arm. Importantly, patients in the two groups did not differ on any outcomes at the 1-and 2-year assessments. The study cohort at randomization exhibited more fatigue [corrected] than healthy reference populations. Fatigue levels did not exceed baseline estimates by the end of the study. [corrected].This study demonstrated that patients with early-stage Hodgkin's disease experience a short-term decrease in QOL and an increase in symptoms and fatigue with treatment, which is more severe with CMT; by 1 year, however, CMT and STLI patients report similar outcomes. Fatigue scores for both arms were lower at baseline than scores for the general population and did not return to normal levels 2 years after random assignment. The mechanisms responsible for this lingering problem warrant further investigation.
Follow-up of premalignant lesions in patients at risk for progression to gastric cancer
Authors: C. den Hoed, I. Holster, L. Capelle, A. de Vries, B. den Hartog, F. ter Borg, K. Biermann, E. Kuipers
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> A recent international guideline recommends surveillance of premalignant gastric lesions for patients at risk of progression to gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to identify the role of the distribution and severity of premalignant lesions in risk categorization. <b>Patients and methods: </b>Patients with a previous diagnosis of atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, or low grade dysplasia were invited for surveillance endoscopy with non-targeted biopsy sampling. Biopsy specimens were evaluated by pathologists (four general and one expert) using the Sydney and the operative link for gastric intestinal metaplasia (OLGIM) systems, and scores were compared using kappa statistics. <b>Results: </b>140 patients were included. In 37 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 29 % – 45 %) the severity of premalignant lesions was less than at baseline, while 6 % (95 %CI 2 % – 10 %) showed progression to more severe lesions. Intestinal metaplasia in the corpus was most likely to progress to more than one location (57 %; 95 %CI 36 % – 76 %). The proportion of patients with multilocated premalignant lesions increased from 24 % at baseline to 31 % at surveillance (<i>P</i> = 0.014). Intestinal metaplasia was the premalignant lesion most frequently identified in subsequent endoscopies. Intestinal metaplasia regressed in 27 % compared with 44 % for atrophic gastritis and 100 % for low grade dysplasia. Interobserver agreement was excellent for intestinal metaplasia (<i>k</i> = 0.81), moderate for dysplasia (<i>k</i> = 0.42), and poor for atrophic gastritis (<i>k</i> < 0). <b>Conclusions: </b>Premalignant gastric lesions found in the corpus have the highest risk of progression, especially intestinal metaplasia, which has excellent interobserver agreement. This supports the importance of intestinal metaplasia as marker for follow-up in patients with premalignant gastric lesions.
Abstract LB-328: Plasma antibodies to oral pathogen and commensals and risk of pancreatic cancer in a large European prospective cohort study
Authors: Dominique S. Michaud, Jacques Izard, Charlotte Wilhelm-Benartzi, Elio Riboli, Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: A positive relationship between periodontal disease and pancreatic cancer risk has been observed in previous epidemiological studies. In a cohort study of health professional men, never smokers reporting a positive history of periodontal disease had a 2-fold higher risk of pancreatic cancer compared with those reporting no periodontal disease (RR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.18-3.71). These findings suggest that oral bacteria may be able to disseminate to the pancreas or may be associated with risk indirectly. We examined the relationship between the presence of antibodies to 25 diverse strains of oral bacteria and pancreatic cancer risk in a prospective study. Methods: Antibodies to oral bacteria were measured in prediagnostic blood samples of 405 pancreatic cancer cases and 416 matched controls nested within the European Prospective Investigation on Cancer (EPIC), a large cohort study. Analyses were conducted using conditional logistic regression and additionally adjusted for smoking status and body mass index. Results: Individuals with high antibody levels to Porphyromonas gingivalis ATTC 53978 (&amp;gt;200 ng/ml), a pathogenic periodontal bacteria, had a two-fold higher risk of pancreatic cancer (OR = 2.14, 95% CI =1.05-4.36) compared with individuals with low levels of antibody (&amp;lt;200ng/ml). To explore the association with common oral bacteria, we performed a cluster analysis and obtained two clusters that aggregated individuals according to their antibody profiles. A substantially lower risk of pancreatic cancer was observed in the cluster with consistently elevated levels of antibodies, compared to a second cluster with overall lower levels (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.36-0.83). Conclusions: In this study using prediagnostic bloods, we find support for a positive association between periodontal disease and pancreatic cancer. Additionally, our results further suggest that certain oral bacteria or an enhanced immune surveillance may provide some protection against pancreatic cancer. Our findings are consistent with dental research on periodontal disease etiology and treatment. Whether periodontal disease is causally related to pancreatic cancer or simply a marker of underlying immune response needs to be further elucidated. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-328. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-328