tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cooperation between Health Professionals from the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Authors: Patrick B. Storey
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

The United States has long made its academic medical resources available to foreign medical graduates. Conspicuously absent from the number of foreign nationals, however, have been physicians, scientists, and educators from the Soviet Union. Under the new conditions of perestroika, Soviet medical professionals are seeking ways in which to open up broad collaboration with their American counterparts. Agreements are being sought between national organizations, between academic medical institutions, and for the exchange of individual scholars. Cooperation in the area of medical education is one of the distinctive bridges on the path to mutual understanding that will represent a strong link in the public diplomacy of the two superpowers. We recently had the opportunity to discuss in Moscow some of the issues with the U.S.S.R. Minister of Health and with the Pro-rector for International Programs of the Central Institute for Advanced Medical Studies, as well as with faculty members, young medical scientists, and medical students of the Moscow Medical Institutes. We describe briefly many of the similarities and some of the dissonances between our two health systems and set forth ideas for an exchange program in medical education.
One Year's Work in Pregnancy Diagnostic Centre
Authors: H. Schwabacher
Journal: BMJ (1950)

OESOPHAGUSJBoURNH trimming back the lower segment.Mouth-feeding began on the second post-operative day, and convalescence was uneventful.Case 1O.-A female infant was admitted on February 5, 1950, when 2 days old.Pregnancy had been terminated at 38 weeks owing to severe pre-eclamptic toxaemia.Birth weight: 4 lb.11 oz.(2.1 kg.); on admission 4 lb. 4 oz. (1.9 kg.).The lungs were wet; there was no cough reflex; and she was cyanosed and frothing.The case had been diagnosed elsewhere as " atelectasis of the left lower lobe," and a tracheal catheter had been passed for aspiration.Mucus aspirated from the pharynx was blood-stained.Blood transfusion and operation were performed; the fistula was closed and end-to-end anastomosis done after trimming back the lower segment.Her post- operative condition was satisfactory at first, but the cough reflex never returned, and she died 12 hours later with atelectasis of both lungs.Both bronchi were full of blood clot and mucus.
Hypotensive Action and Side Effects of Clonidine-Chlorthalidone and Methyldopa-Chlorthalidone in Treatment of Hypertension
Authors: A. Amery, M. Verstraete, H. Bossaert, G. Verstreken
Journal: BMJ (1970)

In an open, randomized, cross-over study the hypotensive action and side effects of clonidine-chlorthalidone and methyldopa-chlorthalidone combinations were compared. The diastolic morning blood pressure could be reduced to 95 mm. Hg or below in significantly more patients with clonidine than with methyldopa. Side effects, however, were more commonly encountered during the clonidine than during the methyldopa phase.
Changing patterns of home visiting in the north of England.
Authors: J Whewell, G N Marsh, R A McNay
Journal: BMJ (1983)

The visiting habits of general practitioners in the north of England in 1969 and in 1980 have been compared. During this period overall visiting was reduced by 41%. The reduction was most pronounced in repeat visits, particularly to children. There was a greater reduction in visits to patients with respiratory disease than to those with other illness. The reduction was least in visits to patients over the age of 65. New visits requested by patients were reduced by 31%, but the general practitioner still considered that about the same percentage of patients could have attended the surgery as in 1969. The reasons for these differences include flexible appointment systems, improved efficiency, better organisation of the surgery, and more flexible arrangements for certification of absence from work. Though total workload (as measured by the number of consultations with patients) has diminished, general practice has changed, being more concerned with prevention, chronic disease, and vocational training.
Extremely Low Penetrance of Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy in 8 Han Chinese Families Carrying the ND4 G11778A Mutation
Authors: Jia Qu, Xiangtian Zhou, Juanjuan Zhang, Fuxin Zhao, Yan-Hong Sun, Yi Tong, Qi-Ping Wei, Wansi Cai, Li Yang, Constance E. West, Min-Xin Guan
Journal: Ophthalmology (2009)
Unusual Lesion of the Cecum
Authors: Luiz P. Mattoso
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Dr. Roland G. Ware: This 88-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital three years ago when she had an episode of passing black stools. She had been taking iron tablets because she thought herself anemic. Her hemoglobin was 13 gm/100 ml and guaiac examinations of the stool were negative. A barium enema revealed a filling defect in the tip of the cecum. Surgery was deferred because of the patient's age and general debility with asthma, emphysema, documented evidence of two myocardial infarctions, and because the guaiac tests on the stools were negative. Her physician discouraged the use of iron tablets and she ceased to have dark stools. The hematocrit remained within normal limits and several guaiac examinations of the stools were negative. She continued to complain of intermittent generlized crampy abdominal pain associated with occasional episodes of diarrhea and constipation. The barium enema examination was repeated one year before admission
Effort and Coronary Occlusion-Reply
Authors: Arthur M. Master
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Assuming, as Dr. Menaker does, that people spend 7.5 hours a day in sleep, this would be 7.5/24 of the day, or 31% of the 1,639 attacks, namely 508, instead of the 376 in my table. I am not sure that 7 1/2 hours represents the hours of sleep of men in the coronary age group of 45 to 70 years. This is a point about which I am now obtaining data on my own patients. It is difficult to pinpoint the exact time a "heart attack" occurred in the evening or during the night. Frequently, the patient is uncomfortable, with chest or arm pain, in the evening between 7 and 11 P.M., and is unable to fall asleep. He then experiences severe or crushing pain at 12 P.M. or at some time from 1 through 4 A.M. The coronary occlusion is then listed as having occurred
Extremely low-frequency magnetic fields and survival from childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: an international follow-up study
Authors: J Schüz, K Grell, S Kinsey, M S Linet, M P Link, G Mezei, B H Pollock, E Roman, Y Zhang, M L McBride, C Johansen, C Spix, J Hagihara, A M Saito, J Simpson, L L Robison, J D Dockerty, M Feychting, L Kheifets, K Frederiksen
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2012)

A previous US study reported poorer survival in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) exposed to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF–MF) above 0.3 μT, but based on small numbers. Data from 3073 cases of childhood ALL were pooled from prospective studies conducted in Canada, Denmark, Germany, Japan, UK and US to determine death or relapse up to 10 years from diagnosis. Adjusting for known prognostic factors, we calculated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for overall survival and event-free survival for ELF–MF exposure categories and by 0.1 μT increases. The HRs by 0.1 μT increases were 1.00 (CI, 0.93–1.07) for event-free survival analysis and 1.04 (CI, 0.97–1.11) for overall survival. ALL cases exposed to >0.3 μT did not have a poorer event-free survival (HR=0.76; CI, 0.44–1.33) or overall survival (HR=0.96; CI, 0.49–1.89). HRs varied little by subtype of ALL. In conclusion, ELF–MF exposure has no impact on the survival probability or risk of relapse in children with ALL.
Avoiding Violation of the Dead Donor Rule: The Costs to Patients
Authors: Maxwell J. Smith, David Rodríguez-Arias, Ivan Ortega
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2012)

Morrissey's (2012) proposal for premortem bilateral ne- phrectomy is a creative attempt to increase kidney donation rates and improve the quality of end-of-life care as compared to what donors typi...
Choice of First-Year Residency Position and Long-term Generalist Career Choices
Authors: H. K. Rabinowitz
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Management of pituitary tumours
Authors: J. S Bevan
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Some physicians believe the management of pituitary tumours to be straightforward and non-controversial. Prolactinomas of all sizes should receive medical treatment with a dopamine agonist; large lesions producing optic chiasmal compression usually need surgical decompression and radiotherapy; and hypopituitarism can be treated with standard hydrocortisone, thyroxine, and sex steroid replacement therapy. Though there is a measure of truth in these statements, the modern management of pituitary disease is far more complicated.

For instance, some patients with pituitary mass lesions and significant hyperprolactinaemia do not have prolactinomas but, instead, have functionless pituitary adenomas producing “stalk pressure” increases in prolactin concentration. Such patients require surgical rather than medical decompression.1 Furthermore, there is now a choice of several different dopamine agonists—the newer drugs cabergoline and quinagolide may have significant advantages over the reference compound, bromocriptine.2 Radiotherapy is not given automatically to all patients after surgical treatment of large pituitary tumours. Instead, selected patients may be followed postoperatively by using interval magnetic resonance imaging.3

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Life Saving vs Population Explosion
Authors: Robert A. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> A magazine recently published a cartoon showing a lifeguard being rebuked for suggesting that drowning might be an acceptable solution for the population problem. Apparently the extreme competition for resources that will eventually follow exponential population growth has produced the paradox that life-saving techniques offer a threat to humanity. A paradox implies a fallacy. Perhaps the fallacy in this instance is the popular assumption that a lifeguard works for humanity when in fact he works for the individual swimmer. This swimmer and his descendants will consume resources that could be used to maintain the well-being of other individuals. Thus the lifeguard has aided the swimmer in competition against the rest of humanity. Normally the lifeguard will continue to work for the swimmer for he knows that ultimately he is working for himself. If a physician insists on working for the good of all living humanity he might
Validation of Hepascore, Compared With Simple Indices of Fibrosis, in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection in United States
Authors: Laren Becker, Wael Salameh, Anthony Sferruzza, Ke Zhang, Rong Chen, Raza Malik, Richard Reitz, Imad Nasser, Nezam H. Afdhal
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2009)
Computer Diagnosis and Diagnostic Methods
Authors: Alvan R. Feinstein
Journal: JAMA (1973)

This book contains the proceedings of a second conference at the University of Michigan on the "Diagnostic Process." If the published papers accurately reflect the realities of the ten years that have elapsed since the first conference, medical diagnosis appears to be evolving into an act of mathematical rather than clinical logic. The prototypic diagnostician in this new form of reasoning is Thomas Bayes (1702-1761), a Presbyterian minister whose posthumously discovered theorem about the relationship of<i>a priori</i>and<i>post priori</i>probabilities was a dominant theme of the conference. An array of Bayesian conditional probabilities, expressed in symbols such as "P(D/S)," appears in most of the 19 chapters in the text. A few of the authors, not wholly faithful to Bayesian diagnostic methods, suggest such mathematical alternatives as distance function indices, multivariate matrices, likelihood ratios, clustering algorithms, and discriminant function analysis. Among the infidels, surprisingly, are R. S. Ledley and
Socially or materially marginal children are less likely to be fully immunised—a systems response
Authors: Peter Crampton, Julia Carr
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Samad and colleagues have neatly shown what we already know: children born into circumstances that are socially or materially marginal are less likely to be fully immunised.1 At age 9 months immunisation rates in the UK are high (> 95% fully immunised); the challenges posed by Samad et al's paper are the challenges associated with reaching that last small percentage of children. This is in the context of the UK healthcare system, which is universal and doesn't impose user charges. Samad et al have shown also that children who are unimmunised fall into two groups: those from …
Orthostatic Hypotension as a Clue to Primary Systemic Amyloidosis
Authors: ROBERT A. KYLE, BRUCE A. KOTTKE, ALEXANDER SCHIRGER
Journal: Circulation (1966)

Data on 11 patients with orthostatic hypotension and primary systemic amyloidosis have been presented. Dizziness and light-headedness or syncope significantly hampered the involved patients. Three were incapacitated by orthostatic hypotension. Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and loss of weight were common, and adrenal insufficiency was seriously considered in the differential diagnosis of six of the 11 patients. Abnormal sweating was found in all six in whom this test was done. The drug 9-α-fluorohydrocortisone showed promise in symptomatic therapy of the condition. The possibility of primary systemic amyloidosis should be considered in the presence of orthostatic hypotension. Rectal biopsy and bone-marrow aspiration are recommended as initial biopsy procedures unless another organ suitable for biopsy is obviously involved.
Biological actions of nitroarenes in short-term tests on Salmonella, cultured mammalian cells and cultured human tracheal tissues: possible basis for regulatory control.
Authors: T Sugimura, S Takayama
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Pure synthetic nitropyrene compounds were subjected to a mutation test using Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 and TA 100 with and without S9 mix, a metabolic activation system. Dinitropyrenes were highly mutagenic. Among them, 1,8-dinitropyrene was the most potent mutagen, producing 940,000 revertants of TA 98/micrograms. 1,3,6-Trinitropyrene and 1,3,6,8-tetranitropyrene were also highly mutagenic, producing 708,000 and 221,000 revertants/micrograms, respectively. 1-Nitropyrene was weakly mutagenic. All nitropyrenes were more mutagenic towards TA 98 than TA 100, and all mutagenic activities were abolished by the presence of S9 mix. Di- and trinitropyrenes were demonstrated to be mutagenic to Chinese hamster lung cells without metabolic activation, by using diphtheria toxin resistancy as a marker. The range of mutagenic potential of nitropyrenes was much narrower with cultured mammalian cells than with Salmonella. 1-Nitropyrene was not mutagenic. 1,6-Dinitropyrene and 1-nitropyrene induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in epithelial cells of in vitro cultured human bronchi, as did diol-epoxides of benzo[a]pyrene, while benzo[a]pyrene itself was inert. 1-Nitropyrene and 3-nitrofluoranthene produced subcutaneous fibrosarcomas at the loci of injections in the backs of rats. Tumors were found in 47% and 40% of animals with total doses of 40 mg of 1-nitropyrene and 30 mg of 3-nitrofluoranthene, respectively. The biomedical significance of nitroarenes is discussed.
The Memphis Chronic Disease Program
Authors: John W. Runyan
Journal: JAMA (1975)

IN PREVIOUS communications, the service program in Memphis and Shelby County (Tennessee) for the continuing care of patients with selected chronic diseases has been described.<sup>1-5</sup> Since the report in 1970,<sup>2</sup>more than 140,000 patient-visits to the decentralized facilities have been made, and patients under regular care now exceed 9,000. The number of urban and rural neighborhood and satellite clinics, which are operated by the Health Department, has been increased to 20, with several more planned. Although the main efforts have been service oriented and directed toward meeting the medical needs of a large chronically diseased population, some measurements of the effectiveness and acceptability of continuing care to patients in the program and its effects on the course of the chronic illness have been presented recently.<sup>5</sup>This report extends these observations but is primarily concerned with making certain comparisons between patients receiving care in decentralized facilities staffed by
Radiotherapy Combined with the Immunocytokine L19-IL2 Provides Long-lasting Antitumor Effects
Authors: Catharina M.L. Zegers, Nicolle H. Rekers, Dana H.F. Quaden, Natasja G. Lieuwes, Ala Yaromina, Wilfred T.V. Germeraad, Lotte Wieten, Erik A.L. Biessen, Louis Boon, Dario Neri, Esther G.C. Troost, Ludwig J. Dubois, Philippe Lambin
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2015)

Radiotherapy modifies the tumor microenvironment and causes the release of tumor antigens, which can enhance the effect of immunotherapy. L19 targets the extra domain B (ED-B) of fibronectin, a marker for tumor neoangiogenesis, and can be used as immunocytokine when coupled to IL2. We hypothesize that radiotherapy in combination with L19-IL2 provides an enhanced antitumor effect, which is dependent on ED-B expression.Mice were injected with syngeneic C51 colon carcinoma, Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC), or 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells. Tumor growth delay, underlying immunologic parameters, and treatment toxicity were evaluated after single-dose local tumor irradiation and systemic administration of L19-IL2 or equimolar controls.ED-B expression was high, intermediate, and low for C51, LLC, and 4T1, respectively. The combination therapy showed (i) a long-lasting synergistic effect for the C51 model with 75% of tumors being cured, (ii) an additive effect for the LLC model, and (iii) no effect for the 4T1 model. The combination treatment resulted in a significantly increased cytotoxic (CD8(+)) T-cell population for both C51 and LLC. Depletion of CD8(+) T cells abolished the benefit of the combination therapy.These data provide the first evidence for an increased therapeutic potential by combining radiotherapy with L19-IL2 in ED-B-positive tumors. This new opportunity in cancer treatment will be investigated in a phase I clinical study for patients with an oligometastatic solid tumor (NCT02086721). An animation summarizing our results is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xHbwQuCTkRc.
Autosomal recessive von Willebrand disease associated with compound heterozygosity for a novel nonsense mutation (2908 del C) and the missense mutation C2362F: Definite evidence for the non‐penetrance of the C2362F mutation
Authors: G. Castaman, K. Bertoncello, M. Bernardi, J.C.J. Eikenboom, U. Budde, F. Rodeghiero
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Abstract A novel null mutation (2908del C in exon 22) of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) gene was identified in compound heterozygosity with the missense mutation G7335T (C2362F) in exon 42 in a propositus from a new family with autosomal recessive von Willebrand disease (VWD). The propositus, referred at age 2 for severe epistaxis and prolonged bleeding after a tongue bite, had factor VIII:C 14–21 IU/dL, VWF Antigen 3–8 IU/dL and Ristocetin Cofactor activity &lt; 3 IU/dL. Multimeric pattern showed the lack of triplet pattern and a faster mobility of central band, while heterozygotes for C2362F showed intermediate mobility compared to normal plasma and plasma from the propositus. In the propositus' family 5 subjects were heterozygotes for the C2362F mutation and 5 were heterozygotes for the cytosine deletion. Bleeding score was assessed with a detailed questionnaire in 28 heterozygotes for C2362F, 23 of whom identified in 5 previously reported families and 5 in the present one, and found to be similar to what is observed in normal controls and heterozygotes for null allele. In conclusion, the mutation C2362F is frequently observed in compound heterozygosity with null alleles in patients with recessive VWD in the Veneto region and cause bleeding only in the compound heterozygous or homozygous state. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
THE DIFFERENTIATION OF THREE DISTINCT DESOXYRIBONUCLEASES OF GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI
Authors: Lewis W. Wannamaker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

Group A streptococci were found to produce three different desoxyribonucleases, designated here as A, B, and C. These enzymes migrated separately on analysis with starch zone electrophoresis, were immunologically distinct, and showed certain differences in inhibition by citrate and in optimal pH of activity. The relative amount of each enzyme produced was a function of strain variation.
The effect of hormonal changes on cutaneous disease in lupus erythematosus
Authors: J.A. YELL, S.M. BURGE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

The behaviour of cutaneous disease in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), under the influence of various hormonal states, was studied in 68 patients. In 28 pregnancies, cutaneous disease was essentially unchanged. In a total of 57 patients whose lupus erythematosus (LE) had been diagnosed prior to the menopause, 20% described a premenstrual cutaneous exacerbation. Only three patients had taken an oestrogen-containing contraceptive. The duration of oral contraceptive treatment before the onset of lupus varied: 1 month in a patient presenting with the acute malar rash of SLE, 2 months in a patient who presented with annular weals and later developed systemic features, and 12 months in a patient who developed generalized DLE. Thirty-three patients were menopausal at the time of the study; 4% had noticed a perimenopausal cutaneous flare. There was no deterioration in the skin of the five patients on hormone replacement therapy.