tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Essential Role for the dsRNA-Dependent Protein Kinase PKR in Innate Immunity to Viral Infection
Authors: Siddharth Balachandran, Paul C Roberts, Laura E Brown, Ha Truong, Asit K Pattnaik, David R Archer, Glen N Barber
Journal: Immunity (2000)

The double-stranded (ds) RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR is considered to play an important role in interferon's (IFN's) response to viral infection. Here, we demonstrate that mice lacking PKR are predisposed to lethal intranasal infection by the usually innocuous vesicular stomatitis virus, and also display increased susceptibility to influenza virus infection. Our data indicate that in normal cells, PKR primarily prevents virus replication by inhibiting the translation of viral mRNAs through phosphorylation of eIF2α, while concomitantly assisting in the production of autocrine IFN and the establishment of an antiviral state. These results show that PKR is an essential component of innate immunity that acts early in host defense prior to the onset of IFN counteraction and the acquired immune response.
Agitated Depression Associated with Arteriovenous Aneurysm of Left Frontal Lobe
Authors: Tsung-yi Lin, Milton Greenblatt, Harry C. Solomon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

IN THE case reported below, a patient with agitated depression showed remarkable improvement after unilateral left prefrontal lobectomy for massive arteriovenous aneurysm. Not only was the combination of psychosis and massive aneurysm malformation unusual, but, to our knowledge, there are no other reports of recovery from depression after left prefrontal amputation. The case tends to confirm our previous findings that unilateral lobotomy may have dramatic results in some psychotic patients, although unilateral lobotomy is generally less effective than bilateral lobotomy.1 2 3 Case ReportC. S., a 29-year-old single man, was admitted to Boston Psychopathic Hospital on May 29, 1951, after several . . .
Defects in Glanzmann thrombasthenia and LAD-III (LAD-1/v) syndrome: the role of integrin β1 and β3 in platelet adhesion to collagen
Authors: Edith van de Vijver, Iris M. De Cuyper, Anja J. Gerrits, Arthur J. Verhoeven, Karl Seeger, Laura Gutiérrez, Timo K. van den Berg, Taco W. Kuijpers
Journal: Blood (2011)
Epilepsy Due to Water Immersion
Authors: Howard C. Mofenson
Journal: JAMA (1965)

THE TERM "reflex" or "sensory epilepsy" is used to designate a convulsive attack precipitated by sensory stimulus. The particular sensory stimulus need not always produce the convulsive attack, but may do so only when certain environmental circumstances exist.<sup>1,2</sup> The most frequent type of reflex epilepsy described is "photogenic epilepsy." This type has even been proved to be self-induced,<sup>3</sup>as well as being precipitated by reading<sup>4</sup>and watching television.<sup>5,6</sup>Audiogenic stimuli have been implicated in "musicogenic epilepsy" in other patients,<sup>7,8</sup>and "touch epilepsy" has been described.<sup>9</sup> The skin and mucosa present a very wide area of distribution of sensory organs, but examples of convulsive seizures precipitated by pain, temperature, or touch are very rare. Most recorded cases have revealed the presence of a brain lesion. The following case report of epileptic attacks induced through immersion in water is presented to place it on record as a
A Cancer Risk Assessment of Inner-City Teenagers Living in New York City and Los Angeles
Authors: Sonja N. Sax, Deborah H. Bennett, Steven N. Chillrud, James Ross, Patrick L. Kinney, John D. Spengler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

BackgroundThe Toxics Exposure Assessment Columbia–Harvard (TEACH) project assessed exposures and cancer risks from urban air pollutants in a population of high school teenagers in New York City (NYC) and Los Angeles (LA). Forty-six high school students participated in NYC and 41 in LA, most in two seasons in 1999 and 2000, respectively.MethodsPersonal, indoor home, and outdoor home 48-hr samples of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), aldehydes, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm, and particle-bound elements were collected. Individual cancer risks for 13 VOCs and 6 particle-bound elements were calculated from personal concentrations and published cancer unit risks.ResultsThe median cumulative risk from personal VOC exposures for this sample of NYC high school students was 666 per million and was greater than the risks from ambient exposures by a factor of about 5. In the LA sample, median cancer risks from VOC personal exposures were 486 per million, about a factor of 4 greater than ambient exposure risks. The VOCs with the highest cancer risk included 1,4-dichlorobenzene, formaldehyde, chloroform, acetaldehyde, and benzene. Of these, benzene had the greatest contributions from outdoor sources. All others had high contributions from indoor sources. The cumulative risks from personal exposures to the elements were an order of magnitude lower than cancer risks from VOC exposures.ConclusionsMost VOCs had median upper-bound lifetime cancer risks that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) benchmark of 1 × 10−6 and were generally greater than U.S. EPA modeled estimates, more so for compounds with predominant indoor sources. Chromium, nickel, and arsenic had median personal cancer risks above the U.S. EPA benchmark with exposures largely from outdoors and other microenvironments. The U.S. EPA–modeled concentrations tended to overestimate personal cancer risks for beryllium and chromium but underestimate risks for nickel and arsenic.
Induction and regulation of differentiation in neural stem cells on ultra-nanocrystalline diamond films
Authors: Ying-Chieh Chen, Don-Ching Lee, Tsung-Yen Tsai, Chao-Yang Hsiao, Jen-Wea Liu, Chien-Yu Kao, Hua-Kuo Lin, Huang-Chin Chen, Thomas Joseph Palathinkal, Way-Faung Pong, Nyan-Hwa Tai, I-Nan Lin, Ing-Ming Chiu
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
A PERIPHERAL BLOOD GENE EXPRESSION SCORE FOR CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN NON-DIABETIC PATIENTS IDENTIFIES PATIENTS AT LOW RISK FOR MAJOR CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS AND INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES IN THE NEXT 12 MONTHS
Authors: William E. Kraus, Szilard Voros, Robert S. Schwartz, Stephen Ellis, Ron Waksman, Naeem Tahirkheli, Hsiao Lieu, Michael R. Elashoff, Steven Rosenberg, John McPherson, Alexandra Lansky, Eric Topol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Monocyte-induced inhibition of lymphocyte response to phytohaemagglutinin in progressive systemic sclerosis.
Authors: M D Lockshin, J A Markenson, L Fuzesi, S Kazanjian-Aram, C Joachim, M Ordene
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

In patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) lymphocyte responses to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) are abnormal (27.2 +/- 3.5 X 10(-3) counts per minute (cpm) versus 69.8 +/- 4.4 X 10(-3) for normal persons, p less than 0.005). Removal of adherent peripheral blood mononuclear cells improves the response of PSS lymphocytes (42.3 +/- 3.4 X 10(-3) cpm, 155% of control) but diminishes the response of normal lymphocytes (60.3 +/- 5.9 +/- 10(-3), 86% of control). Supernatant fluids from cultures of PSS unfractionated and adherent cells depress normal T cell response to PHA (64% and 55% of control respectively), but supernatant fluids from normal unfractionated and adherent cells do not (104% and 101% of control). Supernatant fluids of PSS and normal adherent cells, cultured in the presence of indomethacin, are not inhibitory to normal T cells (109 +/- 15% and 124 +/- 14% of control respectively). Supernatant fluids from PSS patients are more inhibitory than comparable fluids from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (60 +/- 8% of control versus 80 +/- 5% of control). These data support the hypothesis that cellular immunity is abnormal in patients with PSS and indicate that adherent mononuclear cells mediate at least one component of the abnormality via an indomethacin-sensitive mechanism.
111 In ANTIFERRITIN MURINE POLYCLONAL ANTIBODY IN THE PRETREATMENT EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WITH RECURRENT HODGKINʼS DISEASE
Authors: D. A. Podoloff, E. S. Delpassand, S. M. Quadrl, V. A. Bhadkamkar, M. S. South, P. M. Bellinger, H. M. Vriesendorp
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Podoloff, D. A.; Delpassand, E. S.; Quadrl, S. M.; Bhadkamkar, V. A.; South, M. S.; Bellinger, P. M.; Vriesendorp, H. M. Author Information
Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism of the Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Gene Is Not Associated With Restenosis After Coronary Stent Placement
Authors: Werner Koch, Adnan Kastrati, Julinda Mehilli, Corinna Böttiger, Nicolas von Beckerath, Albert Schömig
Journal: Circulation (2000)

The renin-angiotensin system is thought to play a role in coronary thrombosis and restenosis. Plasma angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) activity is associated with an insertion/deletion polymorphism in the gene coding for ACE. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the D allele of the ACE gene is associated with a higher risk for restenosis after coronary stent placement.This prospective study included 1850 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease who underwent intracoronary stent implantation. The adverse clinical events recorded were death, myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization. The primary end point of the study was restenosis (>/=50% diameter stenosis at follow-up angiography performed in 84% of the patients). The secondary end point was clinical outcome 1 year after the procedure. The restenosis rate at the 6-month angiographic follow-up was 32.8% in patients with the II genotype, 34.0% for patients with the ID genotype, and 31.2% for patients with the DD genotype (P=0.62). One-year event-free survival was 77.7% in patients with genotype II, 75.2% in patients with genotype ID, and 75.5% in patients with genotype DD (P=0.54). The lack of association was also present in the subgroup of patients with a low risk for restenosis: the restenosis rate was 21.7% in II carriers, 23.4% in ID carriers, and 19.7% in DD carriers (P=0.83).The ACE DD genotype or D allele does not influence the 1-year clinical and angiographic outcome of patients undergoing coronary stent placement. These data suggest that routine determination of the ACE genotype may not help identify patients who are at a higher risk of thrombotic and restenotic events after coronary stent placement.
Colles' fracture: Author's reply
Authors: T. G Wadsworth
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Although many retrospective studies have con- cluded that Sudeck's atrophy is an unusual and, by implication, uncommon complication of this injury, there is now increasing evidence that this syndrome occurs more often than previously suspected.In one prospective study of 109 patients with Colles' fractures 27 (25%) had clinical features of algodystrophy at nine weeks,2 and in another prospective series of 60 patients the incidence of reflex sympathetic dystrophy was found to be 37%.3We have used three phase technetium-99 m scintigraphy combined with Kozin's clinical cri- teria to determine more accurately the true incidence of this complication.Our experience confirms that as many as one third of patients develop Sudeck's atrophy after a Colles' fracture, although the manifestations are often mild.To our knowledge no specific predisposing factors have been identified, and we therefore question the validity of the statement (which has considerable medicolegal implications) that immobilisation of the wrist in more than 200 of palmar flexion may predispose to the condition.
Early Diagnosis of Relapse in Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia
Authors: Michael A. Baker, Judith A. Falk, Walter H. Carter, Robert N. Taub
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

We tested serial bone-marrow samples from 47 adults with acute myeloblastic leukemia in remission for reactivity with heteroantiserums to leukemia-associated antigens, to determine whether imminent relapse could be detected in patients with acute leukemia. Of 26 patients who relapsed by standard morphologic criteria, 21 had increased immunoreactivity of bone marrow for one to six months (mean, 3.7 months) before relapse. High concordance was observed between a positive test and relapse during the period of study (chi-square = 27.53, P less than 0.001). The median time to relapse after a positive test was four months, as compared with the median remission duration of 19 months for the whole group (P less than 0.02, Peto's log-rank analysis). Serologic detection of leukemia-associated antigens in marrow may be a reliable indicator of imminent relapse in acute myeloblastic leukemia.
Association of Increased Height With Renovascular Hypertension
Authors: Marc J. Straus
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In Goldman and associates' article inThe Journal(221:378, 1972) it was indicated that there is a relationship between obesity and essential hypertension (EH). "On the other hand, no such relationship was found between obesity and hypertension in which hypertension was due to renal artery stenosis" [either atherosclerotic (AS) or fibromuscular (FH)]. Males and females with EH were approximately 15% heavier than their respective ideal weights. Patients with AS or FH on an average weighed close to the ideal weight. Based on the data presented there are striking differences in the heights of female patients with EH compared to AS or FH. The authors have not commented on these differences. Females with EH have a mean height close to 1.62 meters (5 ft 4 in), which approximates the national average. However, females with AS and FH average more than 1.72 meters (5 ft 8 in) in height.
Ethics for screening for Down's syndrome.
Authors: M Cooper
Journal: BMJ (1991)

that it is considered desirable to detect (and avoid) fetuses with Down's syndrome, the triple test is a more efficient way of doing this.Dr Bogart, on the other hand, by focusing on the costs of avoiding a birth of a baby with Down's syndrome, relative to the costs generated by such a birth is considering the cost benefit programme.Cost benefit analysis, rather than being used to compare alternative programmes, informs the decision whether to set up a programme at all, according to whether or not there is a net benefit to society.We would not wish to conjure up some arbitrary cut off cost below which it is deemed useful to set up a screening and detection programme to avoid the birth of babies with Down's syndrome.Economics cannot provide the answers to what is essentially a social ethical issue.
Taurocholate transport by rat liver canalicular membrane vesicles. Evidence for the presence of an Na+-independent transport system.
Authors: M Inoue, R Kinne, T Tran, I M Arias
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

To elucidate the mechanism of vectorial translocation of bile acids in the liver, taurocholate transport was studied in isolated liver canalicular membrane vesicles by a rapid filtration method. The membrane vesicles revealed temperature-dependent, Na+-independent transport of taurocholate into an osmotically reactive intravesicular space. In the absence of sodium, taurocholate uptake followed saturation kinetics (apparent Km for taurocholate = 43 microM and Vmax = 0.22 nmol/mg protein X 20 s at 37 degrees C) and was inhibited by cholate and probenecid. Transstimulation by unlabeled taurocholate was also demonstrated. When the electrical potential difference across the membranes was altered by anion replacement, a more positive intravesicular potential stimulated, and a more negative potential inhibited, transport of taurocholate by the vesicles. Valinomycin-induced K+-diffusion potential (vesicle inside-positive) enhanced the rate of taurocholate uptake that was not altered by imposed pH gradients. These results indicate that rat liver canalicular plasma membrane contains a sodium-independent taurocholate transport system that translocates the bile acid as an anion across the membrane. In intact hepatocytes, the electrical potential difference across the canalicular membrane probably provides the driving force for taurocholate secretion. The contribution of nonionic diffusion to taurocholate secretion appears to be minimal.
Neuronal reuptake of norepinephrine and production of dihydroxyphenylglycol by cardiac sympathetic nerves in the anesthetized dog.
Authors: G Eisenhofer, J J Smolich, H S Cox, M D Esler
Journal: Circulation (1991)

Reuptake of norepinephrine by cardiac sympathetic nerves before and during two levels of electrical stimulation of the left ansa subclavia was estimated in anesthetized dogs from the cardiac production of dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), the intraneuronal metabolite of norepinephrine.The method depended on the effects of neuronal uptake blockade with desipramine on the cardiac production of [3H]DHPG from intravenously infused [3H]norepinephrine. The ratio of the desipramine-induced decrease in the cardiac extraction of [3H]norepinephrine to the production of [3H]DHPG was used to transform the cardiac production of DHPG from recaptured norepinephrine into a rate for norepinephrine reuptake. Cardiac spillover of norepinephrine into plasma increased from 49 +/- 12 to 205 +/- 40 and 451 +/- 118 pmol/min during sympathetic activation. Cardiac DHPG production increased from 108 +/- 18 to 166 +/- 34 and 240 +/- 47 pmol/min. Desipramine decreased resting cardiac DHPG production by 20% and completely blocked the stimulation-induced increase. Thus, most (80%) cardiac DHPG produced at rest was derived from norepinephrine leaking from storage vesicles. This amount remained constant, and that derived from recaptured norepinephrine increased during sympathetic activation. The cardiac extraction of [3H]norepinephrine (126,000 dpm/min) and production of [3H]DHPG (3,790 dpm/min) were decreased by 55-57% after desipramine. Thus, only 3% of the norepinephrine recaptured by cardiac sympathetic nerves appeared in plasma as DHPG. The remainder was sequestered into storage vesicles (more than 94%) or ultimately formed metabolites other than DHPG (less than 3%). Reuptake of norepinephrine by cardiac sympathetic nerves was 1,188 +/- 476 pmol/min and increased in parallel with cardiac norepinephrine spillover to 4,182 +/- 1,982 and 6,594 +/- 2,241 pmol/min during sympathetic stimulation.Of the norepinephrine released by cardiac sympathetic nerves, 16-fold more was recaptured than entered plasma. Combined estimation of norepinephrine reuptake and spillover offers an approach to assess the efficiency of neuronal reuptake in disorders of cardiac function.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC QUANTIFICATION OF TRICUSPID REGURGITATION ORIFICE AREA: COMPARISON WITH CONVENTIONAL TWO-DIMENSIONAL TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY-DERIVED PARAMETERS
Authors: Tien En Chen, Susan Kwon, Maurice Enriquez-Sarano, Abby Biers, Jocelyn Moen, Anita Nadolny, Kristin O&apos;Meara, Benjamin F. Wong, Sunil Mankad
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Abstract 2799: Serum vitamin D and risk of bladder cancer in the ATBC Study
Authors: Alison M. Mondul, Stephanie J. Weinstein, Satu Mannisto, Jarmo Virtamo, Demetrius Albanes
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Urinary bladder cancer is an important health concern in developed countries, particularly for men, among whom incidence is 3-5 times greater than in women. Vitamin D is thought to protect against cancer at many sites. However, to our knowledge, no studies have examined the association between serum vitamin D and bladder cancer. Methods: Within the ATBC Study, a randomized controlled trial conducted to determine the effects of α-tocopherol and β-carotene supplements on cancer incidence, 250 bladder cancer cases were randomly sampled by month of blood collection such that there were 25 cases included from each month with 25 cases total from June - August because fewer blood collections were conducted during the summer months. Controls were sampled from ATBC study participants who were alive and cancer free at the time the case was diagnosed and were matched 1:1 with cases on age at randomization (± 1 year) and date of blood collection (± 30 days). Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of bladder cancer by a priori categories of baseline serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (&amp;lt;25, 25 - &amp;lt;37.5, 37.5 - &amp;lt;50, ≥ 50 nmol/L). Results: After multivariable adjustment, lower serum vitamin D was associated with a statistically significantly increased risk of bladder cancer (OR, 95% CI vs. ≥ 50 nmol/L; 37.5 - &amp;lt;50 nmol/L: 2.04, 1.13 − 3.70; 25 - &amp;lt;37.5 nmol/L: 1.90, 1.07 − 3.35; &amp;lt;25 nmol/L: 1.83, 1.06 − 3.14; p-trend = 0.03), although the risk did not appear to increase with progressively lower vitamin D levels. Rather, men in any category of serum vitamin D below 50 nmol/L were at approximately two-fold risk compared to men with serum vitamin D ≥50 nmol/L (OR, 95% CI: 1.91, 1.20 − 3.04; p value = 0.006). Although the results were not statistically significant, there was a suggestion that the vitamin D - bladder cancer association was stronger among men who smoked less, were not assigned to the α-tocopherol intervention arm, or whose blood samples were obtained during the sunnier months. Conclusion: In this population of male smokers, lower vitamin D was associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer. Future studies should examine this association in other populations, especially women and non-smokers. Replication in a larger sample may clarify possible subtle effect modification by smoking, season, and intake of other nutrients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2799.
INTRA-AORTIC BALLOON PUMP USE IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH IMPROVED LONG-TERM SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND CARDIOGENIC SHOCK UNDERGOING PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Bilal Iqbal, Abtehale Al-Hussaini, Charles Ilsley, Andrew Archbold, Tom Crake, Sam Firoozi, Sundeep Kalra, Charles Knight, Pitt Lim, Anthony Mathur, Iqbal Malik, Pascal Meier, Roby Rakhit, Simon Redwood, Mark Whitbread, Dan Bromage, Krishnaraj Rathod, Andrew Wragg, Philip MacCarthy, Miles Dalby
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Visceral Transposition as a Mendelian Recessive
Authors: E. A. Cockayne
Journal: BMJ (1935)

The male contraceptive agent gossypol was found to induce a dose related increase of DNA strand breaks in human fibroblasts in vitro at concentrations of 5 to 40 micrograms/ml. The effect was reduced in the presence of 2% fetal calf serum. A weak but reproducible increase in the SCE frequency was found in human lymphocytes treated for 1 hour in serum-free medium with 0.04 to 4 micrograms/ml of gossypol.