tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Correction: HBsAg Subtypes
Authors: RALPH D. ADE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Comments and Corrections1 March 1977Correction: HBsAg SubtypesRALPH D. ADE, M.D.RALPH D. ADE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-3-368_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: There appears to be an error in the paper, "The Liver and the Antigens of Hepatitis B" the October issue. On page 489, right-hand column, second paragraph where the authors are describing the four subtypes of HBsAg, they have previously said d-y are one pair. Therefore, the second possible type listed should be HBsAg/adr not HBsAg/ady as listed if this reasoning follows.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1977Volume 86, Issue 3Page: 368-368KeywordsAntigensHepatitis BLiverReasoning ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...
Atomic Harvest: Hanford and the Lethal Toll of America's Nuclear Arsenal
Authors: John W. Gofman
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In<i>Atomic Harvest</i>Michael D'Antonio tells the story of the "Hanford Site," where the plutonium for the Trinity and Nagasaki bombs was made and where a large share of America's plutonium for bombs continued to be produced for decades. As an attractive device, he follows the evolution of thinking and actions by a prime set of actual characters: Tom Baillie, a farmer who lived and worked close by; Karen Dorn Steele, an earnest reporter for the<i>Spokane Spokesman-Review</i>; Casey Rund, a harassed safety auditor at the Hanford Works; and Paul Lorenzini and Michael Lawrence of the management side of the Hanford Works. Numerous other interesting characters fit into this story along the way. The result is a most readable, engaging book, clearly written. It is all done with grace and without demonizing any of the characters in the story, friend or foe. D'Antonio tells us the following: The legacy of
Germany reaches controversial deal on healthcare reform
Authors: J. Burgermeister
Journal: BMJ (2003)

After months of debate the German government and opposition parties have reached a controversial agreement to slash healthcare costs.

In the most radical reform of the German healthcare system since the end of the second world war, the government announced plans to cut €9.9bn (£7bn; $11.4bn) from the health-care budget next year, with savings set to rise over three years to €23.1bn by 2007.

Under the new deal patients will have to pay much more for treatment. Patients will pay €10 for every visit to a GP, as well as having to pay more for prescription …
Mixtures of Household Cleaning Agents
Authors: Harris C. Faigel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1964)

MIXING household cleaners is a common practice among American housewives. Experimenting and unconscious of the fumes that some of these mixtures release, they hope that their own formulation will clean better than a single commercial product will. Some commercial cleaners are themselves mixtures of otherwise safe ingredients, until a homemade additive changes them into a toxic gas, usually chlorine or ammonia.Poisoning by mixtures of homemade cleaners is usually from inhalation of the reaction products. The incident often occurs in a poorly ventilated, closed space, and appears to happen more often in the winter, when windows are closed and ventilation . . .
ACTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE INSUFFLATION OF FALLOPIAN TUBES ON DYSMENORRHEA
Authors: G. L. MOENCH
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Peterson and Cron<sup>1</sup>have reported that some cases of dysmenorrhea were benefited by carbon dioxide insufflation of the fallopian tubes. At the time when I<sup>2</sup>reported some of my own experiences with the insufflation test I had not paid enough attention to the relation of this procedure to dysmenorrhea to venture any opinion. Since that time I have collected fourteen case reports of dysmenorrheic patients whose tubes were insufflated. While this is a small number, it nevertheless shows rather interesting results. Of the fourteen women in the series, eight had had children some years ago and wanted more. Two of these had conceived in a previous marriage but not from their present husbands, and the remaining six patients had never been pregnant at all. Of the fourteen women, one was much benefited by the carbon dioxide insufflation; another was slightly improved; two were better for one or two
Predictors of saphenous vein graft patency: A risk assessment based on a longitudinal analysis of 100 consecutive post-coronary bypass angiographic studies
Authors: Todd K. Rosengart, Eileen B. Finnin, Stacie A. Hudgens, Elizabeth A. Hahn, Ronald D. Curran, Timothy V. Votapka, Michael W. Frank, Thomas G. Frohlich, Michael H. Salinger, Timothy J. McDonough, Theodore E. Feldman, Timothy A. Sanborn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
P3-079: Prospective evaluation of first-line tyrosine kinase inhibition with erlotinib in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harbouring a mutant EGFR gene (FIELT study)
Authors: Jacques L. De Gréve, Jan Van Meerbeeck, Johan Vansteenkiste, Denis Schallier, Joanna Vermeij, Carine Keppens, Claude Focan, Vanessa Meert, Peter In ‘tveld, Erik Teugels
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Positional Relief of Pain
Authors: Benjamin Macchia
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Before onset of jaundice, abdominal pain was relieved in 8 patients with carcinoma of the pancreas by various attitudes of body flexion. The positions of relief are illustrated by photographs. In these patients, body flexion provided an important clue to the correct diagnosis. Possible mechanisms of pain production include nerve invasion and compression, bile and pancreatic duct obstruction, tension on the mesentery, and intestinal involvement by tumor. A ninth patient with abdominal pain relieved by body flexion is presented to elucidate the discussion of possible mechanisms of pain production. Patients with chronic abdominal pain should be questioned regarding positional relief, since they rarely volunteer this valuable information.
Immunochemical Localization of Parathyroid Hormone in Cancer Tissue from Patients with Ectopic Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Genaro M. A. Palmieri, Robert E. Nordquist, Gilbert S. Omenn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH) in nonparathyroid malignant tumors associated with hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia in the absence of demonstrable bone metastases was determined by radioimmunoassay and immunofluorescent techniques. Six of seven tumors contained material with immunological cross-reactivity to bovine PTH by radioimmunoassay and immunofluorescence. The intensity of the immunofluorescent stain varied considerably in the different tumors. From 15 to 90% of neoplastic cells were stained specifically with fluorescein-labeled anti-PTH. In contrast, normal parathyroid glands and parathyroid adenomas showed uniform distribution of immunofluorescence in all parenchymal cells. In one malignant tumor, PTH was localized also by immunoautoradiography. In every case PTH was detected only in the cytoplasm of parenchymal cells. One patient lacked detectable PTH in his tumor, yet showed regression of the hypercalcemia to normal values after removal of large masses of neoplastic tissue and recurrence of hypercalcemia when new growth occurred.Dilutional radioimmunoassay curves of nonparathyroid malignant tumors were in most cases different from those obtained with extracts of normal parathyroid glands and parathyroid adenomas. Although both nonparathyroid neoplasmas and parathyroid extracts demonstrated immunoheterogeneity by gel filtration, greater heterogeneity was found in nonparathyroid malignant tumors. In those tumors in which immunological cross-reactivity to PTH was detected, the capability of secreting PTH may be restricted to derepressed cell clones amidst other neoplastic cells, whereas the greater heterogeneity of ectopic PTH may reflect hormone cleavage by proteolytic enzymes in the tumor that is less specific than the Pro-PTH cleaving enzyme in the parathyroids.
Problems of Dynamic Neurology: An International Volume
Authors: Donald P. Granger
Journal: JAMA (1965)

In medicine today, refined technique has now begun to permit discussion of function in terms of molecular action. In another direction the "science" of probability and the preoccupation with statistics have achieved a degree of sophistication which permits accurate prediction of mass phenomena. In the center, however, remains the individual; and though he may successfully interpret the order of his universe or of his submicroscopic self, he must always deal, socially or medically, with complex entities like himself. The generalist and most specialists may treat physically disordered persons whose cognitive functions are intact. The neurologist, on the other hand, often deals clinically with patients in whom these dynamic functions are distorted. The resulting problems are often the most frustrating, while remaining the most intriguing in neurology. The dualism of "brain" and "mind," repeatedly the subject of philosophical speculation, is often neglected in standard neurology curricula because of inherent difficulties of
Lipids and Lipoproteins and Risk of Different Vascular Events in the MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study
Authors: Sarah Parish, Alison Offer, Robert Clarke, Jemma C. Hopewell, Michael R. Hill, James D. Otvos, Jane Armitage, Rory Collins
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are established risk factors for vascular disease, but lipoprotein particle concentrations may be stronger determinants of risk. Methods and Results— Associations between vascular events and baseline concentrations of cholesterol fractions, apolipoproteins B and A 1 , and lipoprotein particles assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance were considered in the Heart Protection Study randomized trial of simvastatin versus placebo (&gt;5000 vascular events during 5.3 years of follow-up among 20 000 participants). Major occlusive coronary events were equally strongly associated with the cholesterol- and particle-based total LDL measures; adjusted hazard ratios per 1-SD-higher level were 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16–1.34) for LDL cholesterol, 1.22 (95% CI, 1.14–1.32) for non–HDL cholesterol, 1.23 (95% CI, 1.15–1.33) for apolipoprotein B, and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.16–1.35) for LDL particle number. Given the total LDL particle number, the distribution between small and large particles did not add predictive value. Associations of these different LDL-related measures were similar with arterial revascularization procedures but much weaker or nonexistent with ischemic stroke and other cardiac events (mainly heart failure). After adjustment for LDL particle number, the hazard ratios for major occlusive coronary event per 1-SD-higher level were 0.91 (95% CI, 0.86–0.96) for HDL cholesterol and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.85–0.93) for HDL particle number. Other cardiac events were inversely associated with total (hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.79–0.90) and small (0.82; 95% CI, 0.76–0.89) HDL particle number but only very weakly associated with HDL cholesterol (0.94; 95% CI, 0.88–1.00). Conclusions— In a population at 2% average coronary event risk per year, cholesterol, apolipoprotein, and particle measures of LDL were strongly correlated and had similar predictive values for incident major occlusive vascular events. It is unclear whether the associations between HDL particle numbers and other cardiac events represent a causal or reverse-causal effect. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.isrctn.org/ . Unique identifier: ISRCTN48489393.
Frequency of 'Chronic Active Epstein-Barr Virus Infection' in a General Medical Practice
Authors: Dedra Buchwald
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Twenty-one percent of 500 unselected patients, aged 17 to 50 years, seeking primary care for any reason were found to be suffering from a chronic fatigue syndrome consistent with "chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection." They had been experiencing "severe" fatigue, usually cyclic, for a median of 16 months (range, six to 458 months), associated with sore throat, myalgias, or headaches; 45% of the patients were periodically bedridden; and 25% to 73% reported recurrent cervical adenopathy, paresthesias, arthralgias, and difficulty in concentrating or sleeping. The patients had no recognized chronic "physical" illness and were not receiving psychiatric care. While antibody titers to several EBV-specific antigens were higher in patients than in age- and sex-matched control subjects, the differences generally were not statistically significant. A chronic fatigue syndrome consistent with the chronic active EBV infection syndrome was prevalent in our primary care practice. However, our data offer no evidence that EBV is causally related to the syndrome. Indeed, we feel that among unselected patients seen in a general medical practice currently available EBV serologic test results must be interpreted with great caution. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:2303-2307)
CD: Every Family in the Land: Understanding Prejudice and Discrimination against People with Mental Illness
Authors: N. Lester
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Ed Arthur Crisp Sir Robert Mond Memorial Trust, Royal Society of Medicine, Royal College of Psychiatrists ISBN 0 9541314 0 1 Electronic book (pp 464) available free on www.stigma.org/everyfamily Also available on CD Rom, £11.75 For details, telephone +44(0)20 7881 9000 or +44(0)20 7235 2351 Rating:![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> It was seven years into the HIV epidemic and several thousand deaths before the then president of the United States, Ronald Reagan, could bring himself to use the word AIDS in a speech. Contrast this with the legionnaires' disease outbreak of the early 1970s. This generated several front page headlines, public debate, and a photograph in the New York Times showing President Ford holding an emergency cabinet meeting to address the … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Scientists show that vCJD can be transmitted through blood
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Scientists have warned that variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), the human form of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), could be transmitted through whole blood transfusions by donors who have no symptoms of the disease.

The warning follows new research with animals showing that BSE can be passed from a diseased sheep to a healthy animal.

But the UK Department of Health and the National Blood Service of England and north Wales said there was no evidence that vCJD had ever been transmitted to humans through blood transfusions. They said the risk was theoretical as whole blood was no longer used for transfusions in the …
Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis of Published Studies: An Overview and Best Practices
Authors: Jayawant N. Mandrekar, Sumithra J. Mandrekar
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)

Systematic reviews and meta-analytic approaches are widely used in the clinical arena to integrate outcome data from published studies in a patient population that address a set of related research hypotheses. The credibility of this line of research is dependent on how the studies are chosen, how the data are assembled, and how the results are reported. In this brief report, we provide an overview of the minimum set of reporting requirements for systematic reviews and meta-analyses based on the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. As with any research, following a set of established guidelines is essential for quality and consistency of the findings across studies and for assessment of clinical utility.
The Unintended Consequences of Clinical Trials Regulations
Authors: Alex D. McMahon, David I. Conway, Tom M. MacDonald, Gordon T. McInnes
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

Alex McMahon and colleagues critique the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidance on good clinical practice (GCP), arguing that it is having a disastrous effect on noncommerical randomized clinical trials in Europe.
DIFFERENCES IN CALF CIRCUMFERENCE AS DIAGNOSTIC GUIDE TO THROMBOPHLEBITIS
Authors: Albert Damon
Journal: JAMA (1953)

Since thrombophlebitis may provide a source of potentially fatal pulmonary emboli or may herald occult malignant conditions, its early detection can be lifesaving. As White1recently emphasized, We must everlastingly [look to] the leg veins in pulmonary embolism; the diagnosis can only be decided clinically.2It is generally agreed that calf measurement is an important diagnostic procedure. Although mensuration is but one of several criteria for establishing the diagnosis, it occasionally becomes crucial, for example, when the presence or degree of swelling is questionable or leg and chest pain have recently occurred. In the latter, the patient may be afebrile; physical examination shows only a difference between the two calf girths, and laboratory data and chest roentgenogram interpretation are equivocal. The frequency of such cases on the medical service of a general hospital has directed attention to the significance of difference in calf circumference.  In neuromuscular diseases and
Radiofrequency catheter ablation of idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia guided by a Purkinje potential.
Authors: H Nakagawa, K J Beckman, J H McClelland, X Wang, M Arruda, I Santoro, H A Hazlitt, I Abdalla, A Singh, H Gossinger
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND Verapamil-sensitive, idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia (ILVT) with right bundle branch block configuration and left-axis deviation has been suggested to originate from the left posterior fascicle. The purpose of this study was to determine how frequently potentials generated by the Purkinje fiber network (P potential) can be recorded preceding ventricular activation, and the role of the P potential in guiding radiofrequency catheter ablation. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight patients (mean age, 26 +/- 10 years) with ILVT (cycle length, 346 +/- 59 milliseconds) were studied. Right and left ventricular endocardial mapping during tachycardia identified earliest ventricular activation at the posteroapical left ventricular septum. In all patients, earliest ventricular activation during tachycardia was preceded by a distinct potential. This potential also preceded ventricular activation during sinus rhythm, consistent with activation of a segment of the left posterior fascicle (P potential). The earliest recorded P potential preceded the QRS during tachycardia by 15 to 42 milliseconds (mean, 27 +/- 9 milliseconds). The application of radiofrequency current at 1 to 4 sites (median, 1) eliminated ILVT in all eight patients. In the seven patients with P potentials recorded at multiple sites within the posteroapical septum, ablation was successful at the site of the earliest P potential and unrelated to the timing of ventricular activation. In the remaining patient, ablation was successful at a site recording a late P potential fusing with earliest ventricular activation. During follow-up (1 to 67 months; median, 10.5) ILVT recurred only in the latter patient. Pace mapping during tachycardia at the successful ablation site in four patients produced a similar QRS with stimulus-QRS interval equal to P-QRS interval during tachycardia. However, a similar QRS was obtained by pacing at nearby sites that recorded a later P potential. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the hypothesis that ILVT originates from the Purkinje network of the left posterior fascicle. A P potential can be recorded at the posteroapical left ventricular septum during ILVT, and ablation is successful at the site recording the earliest P potential. Pace mapping with similar QRS is not specific due to capture of the Purkinje fiber network at a site remote from the origin of the tachycardia.
Role of NF-κB in immune and inflammatory responses in the gut
Authors: M F NEURATH, C BECKER, K BARBULESCU
Journal: Gut (1998)

NF-κB is a pleiotropic transcription factor with key functions in the intestinal immune system. NF-κB family members control transcriptional activity of various promoters of proinflammatory cytokines, cell surface receptors, transcription factors, and adhesion molecules that are involved in intestinal inflammation. The perpetuated activation of NF-κB in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease suggests that regulation of NF-κB activity is a very attractive target for therapeutic intervention. Such strategies include antioxidants, proteasome inhibitors, inhibition of NF-κB by adenoviral IκBα expression vectors, and antisense DNA targeting of NF-κB. These approaches will hopefully permit the design of new treatment strategies for chronic intestinal inflammation.
Recommended Infection-Control Policies for Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: J. Louise Gerberding
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

HIV is not readily transmitted to health care workers, even after accidental parenteral exposure to infected blood. Existing guidelines for reducing exposure to blood and other body fluids will protect workers who care for patients infected with this pathogen. New infection-control guidelines for patients with AIDS are therefore not required. Awareness of the potential for nosocomial transmission of HIV has resulted in a renewed respect for the principles and practice of infection control. The procedures that the task force recommended to prevent contact with body fluids will reduce exposure not only to HIV but also to other potentially contagious pathogens in the health care environment. Implementation and enforcement of these guidelines for all patients could greatly reduce the incidence of nosocomial and occupationally acquired infections.