tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Physical Processes in Human Glioblastoma
Authors: Jayashree Kalpathy-Cramer, Elizabeth R. Gerstner, Kyrre E. Emblem, Ovidiu C. Andronesi, Bruce Rosen
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The most common malignant primary brain tumor, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a devastating disease with a grim prognosis. Patient survival is typically less than two years and fewer than 10% of patients survive more than five years. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can have great utility in the diagnosis, grading, and management of patients with GBM as many of the physical manifestations of the pathologic processes in GBM can be visualized and quantified using MRI. Newer MRI techniques such as dynamic contrast enhanced and dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI provide functional information about the tumor hemodynamic status. Diffusion MRI can shed light on tumor cellularity and the disruption of white matter tracts in the proximity of tumors. MR spectroscopy can be used to study new tumor tissue markers such as IDH mutations. MRI is helping to noninvasively explore the link between the molecular basis of gliomas and the imaging characteristics of their physical processes. We, here, review several approaches to MR-based imaging and discuss the potential for these techniques to quantify the physical processes in glioblastoma, including tumor cellularity and vascularity, metabolite expression, and patterns of tumor growth and recurrence. We conclude with challenges and opportunities for further research in applying physical principles to better understand the biologic process in this deadly disease. See all articles in this Cancer Research section, “Physics in Cancer Research.” Cancer Res; 74(17); 4622–37. ©2014 AACR.
The Transmembrane Semaphorin Sema I Is Required in Drosophila for Embryonic Motor and CNS Axon Guidance
Authors: Hung-Hsiang Yu, Houmam H Araj, Sherry A Ralls, Alex L Kolodkin
Journal: Neuron (1998)

The semaphorins comprise a large family of conserved glycoproteins, several members of which have been shown to function in repulsive neuronal growth cone guidance. We show here that Drosophila Semaphorin I (Sema I), a transmembrane semaphorin expressed on embryonic motor and CNS axons, is required for correct guidance of motor axons and for the formation of CNS pathways. In mutant embryos lacking Sema I, motor axons stall and fail to defasciculate at specific choice points where normally they would project to their muscle targets. In addition, a specific CNS fascicle fails to form correctly in these embryos. Rescue and ectopic expression experiments show that Sema I is required in neurons to mediate axon guidance decisions. These studies further suggest that like secreted semaphorins, transmembrane semaphorins can function as repulsive guidance cues for specific axon guidance events during neurodevelopment.
THE PARAFFIN INJECTION TREATMENT OF GERSUNY, WITH A REPORT OF CASES.
Authors: RUPERT M. PARKER
Journal: JAMA (1902)

About two years ago a young man, who had undergone a double castration, presented himself to Gersuny<sup>1</sup>with the complaint that, being obliged to go before the military medical board of Austria for examination, it would be humiliating to display his defect. Gersuny, having incidentally observed, in connection with certain therapeutic measures, that paraffin of a low melting point, when injected into the tissues of the body, remained indefinitely without reaction, conceived the idea of substituting paraffin prothesis for the absent members. He injected various quantities of paraffin at different times, and accomplished the desired result, which he reported shortly afterwards, together with the details of his technique. The success of his first trial encouraged Gersuny to make other applications of his treatment. The second patient,<sup>2</sup>a woman, suffered from absolute incontinence of the urine, which had resisted repeated operations for its relief. The urethra was widely dilated
Image Manipulation: Digital Versus Analog
Authors: S. Hattori
Journal: Endoscopy (1992)

A conceptual difference between "analog" and "digital" digitizing is reviewed. Analog and digital type image filing systems are discussed from a comparative point of view: The analog type is advantageous in the number of recordable images, the recording and reproducing speed, and the ability to record a moving picture, while the digital type, in which images are digitized when recorded, is capable of reproducing a higher quality image that does not deteriorate when copied repeatedly. It has the advantage that it easily interfaces with computer systems. As technology developed to compensate for the drawbacks of the digital type systems, image data compression was introduced. Finally, the possibility for recording a moving picture in a digital type system is discussed.
Left ventricular performance and contractility before and after volume infusion: a comparative study of preterm and full-term newborn lambs.
Authors: B G Baylen, H Ogata, M Ikegami, H Jacobs, A Jobe, G C Emmanouilides
Journal: Circulation (1986)

We studied left ventricular performance and contractility after volume loading in lambs at 122 days (group I, n = 9) and 139 days gestational age (group II, n = 9) and in 8-day-old full-term lambs (group III, n = 7). All were mechanically ventilated; each preterm lamb was treated with surfactant to stabilize pulmonary function and the ductus arteriosus was occluded with an inflated catheter balloon. Cineangiograms, left ventricular and vascular pressures, and the isovolumetric index of contractility, first derivative of left ventricular pressure (dP/dt), were recorded before and after three successive whole blood volume infusions of 10 ml/kg (total 30 ml/kg). The left ventricular end-diastolic volume per kilogram and stroke volume per kilogram increased significantly in all groups after volume infusion; these measurements and heart rate and systemic vascular resistance did not differ significantly between the groups either before or after the infusions. The left ventricular peak dP/dt did not change significantly within the groups during the volume infusions. The left ventricular stroke work was greatest in full-term animals and increased significantly in all groups after volume infusion. Thus, the left ventricles of the preterm and full-term lambs had quantitatively similar Frank-Starling responses and there was no increase in contractility during the infusions of whole blood. However, the left ventricle of the full-term lamb is capable of generating greater stroke work than that of the preterm lamb. These findings may contribute to the understanding of development aspects of postnatal circulatory adaptation.
RIG-I RNA Helicase Activation of IRF3 Transcription Factor Is Negatively Regulated by Caspase-8-Mediated Cleavage of the RIP1 Protein
Authors: Akhil Rajput, Andrew Kovalenko, Konstantin Bogdanov, Seung-Hoon Yang, Tae-Bong Kang, Jin-Chul Kim, Jianfang Du, David Wallach
Journal: Immunity (2011)
MECHANISMS OF RECOVERY FROM A GENERALIZED VIRAL INFECTION: MOUSEPOX
Authors: R. V. Blanden
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1970)

Agglutination and immunofluorescence tests in vitro showed that the ATS used in these experiments cross-reacted with macrophages and RBC. However, ATS was not toxic in vivo, and small doses given subcutaneously depleted thymus-dependent areas of lymphoid tissues and selectively depressed blood lymphocyte counts without affecting other cell types in the blood. Furthermore, the function of littoral macrophages as indicated by the clearance of blood-borne virus and its subsequent behavior over a 48 hr period in the liver and spleen was not changed by ATS. Thus, the innate resistance of these vital target organs was not depressed. A similar regimen of subcutaneous ATS caused a highly significant increase in mortality from mousepox with an associated failure to control virus growth in the liver and spleen which was manifest by 6 days after infection. The interferon and neutralizing antibody responses were not impaired in ATS-treated mice, but the cell-mediated immune response was significantly suppressed. This evidence, and consideration of the timing of these host responses during the course of infection in relation to the control of virus growth in the liver and spleen, led to the conclusion that cell-mediated immunity probably contributed an essential acquired recovery mechanism. However, no evidence was obtained concerning the nature of this antiviral mechanism.
Comparison of the Effects of Selective Endothelin ETaand ETbReceptor Antagonists in Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Atsuyuki Wada, Takayoshi Tsutamoto, Daisuke Fukai, Masato Ohnishi, Keiko Maeda, Tomoko Hisanaga, Yukiharu Maeda, Yuzuru Matsuda, Masahiko Kinoshita
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Calcium antagonists: long-awaited new therapy for heart disease
Authors: W. A. Check
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Monitoring of Methotrexate Delivery in Patients with Malignant Brain Tumors After Osmotic Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption
Authors: Edward A. Neuwelt, Jan T. Diehl, Long H. Vu, Suellen A. Hill, Andrew J. Michael, Eugene P. Frenkel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Reversible transient osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption was used to increase drug delivery to the brain. Methotrexate was administered 33 times to six patients with brain tumors after barrier disruption. No permanent complications were seen. Serial enhanced computed tomographic (CT) scans and quantification by CT tomographic number indicated that disruption increased drug delivery to the tumor and immediate surrounding brain. Neuroradiologic evaluation showed that drug in the tumor persisted longer after barrier disruption than when delivered without disruption. The concentration of methotrexate in spinal fluid did not correlate with the degree of barrier disruption measured by CT and radionuclide scans. In one patient an anatomic variation in the circle of Willis resulted in barrier disruption extending into the posterior fossa without ill effect. Osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption appears to be a safe procedure in man, able to increase drug delivery to both malignant brain tumors and surrounding brain parenchyma.
Toward Validation of the Diagnosis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Carol S. North, Alina M. Suris, Miriam Davis, Rebecca P. Smith
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2008)

Unlike most psychiatric diagnoses, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is defined in relation to a potentially etiologic event (the traumatic "stressor criterion") that is fundamental to its conceptualization. The diagnosis of PTSD thus inherently depends on two separate but confounded processes: exposure to trauma and development of a specific pattern of symptoms that appear following the trauma. Attempts to define the range of trauma exposure inherent in the diagnosis of PTSD have generated controversy, as reflected in successive revisions of the criterion from DSM-III onward. It is still not established whether or not there are specific types of traumatic events and levels of exposure to them that are associated with a syndrome that is cohesive in clinical characteristics, biological correlates, familial patterns, and longitudinal diagnostic stability. On the other hand, the symptomatic description of PTSD is becoming more clear. Of three categories of symptoms associated with PTSD—intrusive memories, avoidance and numbing, and hyperarousal—avoidance and numbing appear to be the most specific for identification of PTSD. Research is now poised to answer questions about the relevance of traumatic events based on their relationship to symptomatic outcome. The authors recommend that future research begin with existing diagnostic criteria, testing and further refining them in accordance with the classic Robins and Guze strategy for validation of psychiatric diagnoses. In this process, diligent adherence to the criteria under examination is paramount to successful PTSD research, and changes in criteria are driven by empirical data rather than theory. Collaborations among trauma research biologists, epidemiologists, and nosologists to map the correspondence between the clinical and biological indicators of psychopathology are necessary to advance validation and further understanding of PTSD.
Clinical trials underestimate the age of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. Incidence and median age of Ph/BCR-ABL-positive CML and other chronic myeloproliferative disorders in a representative area in Germany
Authors: M Rohrbacher, U Berger, A Hochhaus, G Metzgeroth, K Adam, T Lahaye, S Saussele, M C Müller, J Hasford, H Heimpel, R Hehlmann
Journal: Leukemia (2008)
Importance of cytochrome P-450IIIA activity in determining dosage and blood levels of FK 506 and cyclosporine in liver transplant recipients
Authors: Yilmaz Cakaloglu, J. Michael Tredger, John Devlin, Roger Williams
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

We have investigated the importance of cytochrome P-450IIIA enzyme activity in influencing dosage of the immunosuppressive drugs FK 506 and cyclosporine after liver transplantation. Cytochrome P-450IIIA enzyme activity in vivo was measured 1 yr postoperatively in 37 stable orthotopic liver graft recipients (21 receiving FK 506 and 16 given cyclosporine) by the erythromycin breath test and the production of monoethylglycinexylidide from lignocaine. A strong correlation existed between FK 506 dose and erythromycin breath test results (r = 0.583, p < 0.007), but no corresponding relationship with monoethylglycinexylidide production was observed. The FK 506 dose (14 to 196 micrograms/kg/day) also correlated closely with circulating predose levels of the drug in both plasma and blood (r = 0.538 and 0.731, p = 0.015 and < 0.001, respectively). Although no correlation existed between cyclosporine dose (0.254 to 0.494 mg/kg/day) and trough blood levels, a relationship was demonstrated when erythromycin breath test results were included in the derived equation: Drug dose/cytochrome P-450IIIA activity alpha drug level (p = 0.011 vs. 0.175 without erythromycin breath test). A corresponding enhancement was demonstrated with erythromycin breath test results to relate FK 506 dose and plasma levels (p = 0.006 versus 0.015 without erythromycin breath test results), although breath test results and FK 506 levels were highly discordant (p > 0.8). The use of monoethylglycinexylidide test results as an alternative measure of cytochrome P-450IIIA activity provided no comparable increase in correlation for FK 506 or cyclosporine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Possible Precipitation of Cerebral Thrombosis in Sickle-Cell Anemia by Hyperventilation
Authors: LEON M. PROTASS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Letters1 September 1973Possible Precipitation of Cerebral Thrombosis in Sickle-Cell Anemia by HyperventilationLEON M. PROTASS, M.D.LEON M. PROTASS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-79-3-451_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: A 2- to 4-minute period of voluntary hyperventilation during electroencephalography is a benign provocative procedure, of limited value, done in most laboratories. This is a report of a presumed adverse reaction in a child with sickle cell disease.An 11-year-old girl with sickle-cell disease had had episodes of left hemiparesis 1½ and 4 months earlier. On both occasions there was complete resolution of the paresis within a few days, but a left homonymous hemianopsia persisted after the second episode. Cerebral vascular thrombosis was thought to be the cause (1). A routine electroencephalogram was done. Immediately after hyperventilation,...References1. PORTNOYHERION BJ: Neurological manifestations in sickle-cell disease. With a review of the literature and emphasis on the prevalence of hemiplegia. Ann Intern Med 76:643-652, 1972 LinkGoogle Scholar2. GOTOHMEYERTAKAGI FJY: Cerebral effects of hyperventilation in man. Arch Neurol 12:410-423, 1965 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. JENSENRUCKNAGELTAYLOR WDW: In vivo study of the sickle cell phenomenon. J Lab Clin Med 56:854-865, 1960 MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Neurology Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center Bronx, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByHypoxic adaptation during development: relation to pattern of neurological presentation and cognitive disabilityElectroencephalography Hyperventilation and Stroke in Children with Sickle Cell DiseasePrognosis of Cerebral Arteriopathy in StrokeScreening Electroencephalograms in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Evidence-Based GuidelineAcute Therapy of Childhood StrokePanic DisorderHyperventilation syndromeRespiratory Acid-Base DisordersNeurological Syndromes, Management and Prognosis in Sickle-Cell Anaemia 1 September 1973Volume 79, Issue 3Page: 451-451KeywordsAdverse reactionsAnemiaElectroencephalographySickle cell diseaseThrombosis Issue Published: 1 September 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Improving GPs' responses to early psychiatric illness in children and adolescents
Authors: J. H. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Adolescent Health Group welcomes the newly published guidelines on psychosis and schizophrenia in children and young people.1 GPs’ responses to early manifestations of psychiatric illness have been found to be wanting,2 3 often with unacceptable delays in identification and diagnosis of early signs of illness.4

The imminent appointment by the RCGP …
Restoration of urban waterways and vacant areas: the first steps toward sustainability.
Authors: J Cairns, S E Palmer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Increased population pressure and human activities have significantly altered the effectiveness of functions of ecosystems ("ecosystem services") at the local and regional scale. Of primary importance is the decrease in water quality due to urban storm water runoff. A number of communities have initiated restoration strategies to improve water quality standards. One such strategy is the incorporation of riparian walkways with native flora. As a result of such restoration efforts, habitats for native fauna have improved, and the number and diversity of wildlife have increased in urban settings. Restoration of urban habitats also provides social and economic benefits to the surrounding community. Efforts to mitigate the loss of ecological resources by restoring native habitats on lots that cannot be developed or on abandoned lots hold a high, unrealized potential. Habitat restoration not only provides natural diversions to urban surroundings, but also enlightens and educates individual citizens about the importance of balanced ecosystems and the role of humans within ecosystems. Education is the primary step toward creating ecologically sustainable communities.
Anne Bryson Sutherland
Authors: A. Burgess
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Anne Bryson Sutherland was the only child of David Murdoch Sutherland and his wife, Margaret Bryson. Her father ran the family drapery business in Bathgate, where he was also a member of the town council, and he served with the 10th Royal Scots during the first world war, attaining the rank of lieutenant colonel. Anne’s paternal grandfather, Donald Tulloch Sutherland, was provost of Bathgate, and her maternal grandfather, James Bryson, invented the Bryson retort, thus improving the process of extracting oil from shale, and later designed and oversaw the construction of the original oil refinery at Grangemouth.

Anne was educated at Bathgate Academy and St Hilda’s School, Liberton, Edinburgh, where she excelled both academically and in sport. She became head girl and proxime accessit. On leaving school, she wished to study medicine, but her father thought this an unsuitable career for a woman, so she attended the Edinburgh College of Domestic Science, and went on to train as a dietitian. Four years after her father’s death she embarked on a degree in pure science at the University of Glasgow, leaving after a year when she obtained a place on the MB ChB course at the University of Edinburgh, where she …
CLUSTERING OF METABOLIC SYNDROME COMPONENTS ATTENUATES CORONARY PLAQUE REGRESSION WITH INTENSIVE STATIN THERAPY IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME: SERIAL INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND ANALYSIS FROM THE JAPAN-ACS STUDY
Authors: Hiroaki Takashima, Yukio Ozaki, Kenji Asai, Yoshinori Wakita, Yasuo Kuroda, Takashi Kousaka, Yasushi Kuhara, Tomofumi Mizuno, Akiyoshi Kurita, Kazuyuki Maeda, Yasushi Wakida, Takayuki Ito, Takeshi Kimura, Takeshi Morimoto, Takafumi Hiro, Katsumi Miyauchi, Yoshihisa Nakagawa, Masakazu Yamagishi, Kazuo Kimura, Satoshi Saito, Tetsu Yamaguchi, Hiroyuki Daida, Masunori Matsuzaki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Metabolism of vasoactive peptides by human endothelial cells in culture. Angiotensin I converting enzyme (kininase II) and angiotensinase.
Authors: A R Johnson, E G Erdös
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Cultured endothelial cells provide a model for the study of interactions of vasoactive peptides with endothelium. Endothelial cell cultured from veins of human umbilical cords contain both angiotensin I converting enzyme (kininase II) and angiotensinase activities. Intact monolayers of cells can both activate angiotensin I and inactivate bradykinin when the peptides are added to culture flasks in protein-free medium. Intact suspended cells or lysed cells convert angiotensin I to angiotensin II, inactivate bradykinin, and hydrolyze hippuryldiglycine to hippuric acid and diglycine. These actions are inhibited by SQ 20881, the specific inhibitor of converting enzyme. The kininase activity of endothelial cells was partially inhibited by antibody to human lung converting enzyme. Endothelial cells also inactivate longer analogs of bradykinin, such as kallidin, methionyl-lysyl bradykinin, and bradykinin coupled covalently to 500,000 mol wt dextran. The endothelial cells retained converting enzyme activity through four successive subcultures, indicating that the enzyme is synthesized by the cells surface, and it is apparently a marker for endothelial cells, since cultured human fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and baby hamster kidney cells do not have it. Endothelial cells also contain an aminopheptidase which hydrolyzes both angiotensin II and the synthetic substrate, alpha-L-aspartyl beta-naphthylamide. The angiotensinase activity increased when the cells were lysed, which suggests that the enzyme is localized within the cells, Hydrolysis of both alpha-L-aspartyl beta-naphthylamide and angiotensin II was inhibited by omicron-phenanthroline, indicating that the enzyme is an A-tipe anigotensinase.