tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Asymptomatic 41-Year-Old Man With HIV Infection
Authors: Harvey J. Makadon
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Proton-Pump Inhibitors and Hypomagnesemic Hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Martin Epstein, Shaun McGrath, Florence Law
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

The author replies: Focosi is correct that a molecular explanation for congenital sodium diarrhea has not been identified.Several circumstantial observations suggest that a mutation in SLC9A3 (encoding NHE3) is likely.First, NHE2 and NHE3 are the only sodium-hydrogen exchangers identified in small intestinal apical membranes.Second, mice lacking NHE3, but not those lacking NHE2, have diarrhea.Third, glucocorticoids increase both intestinal sodium absorption secondary to enhanced sodium-hydrogen exchange function and NHE3 (but not NHE2) messenger RNA and protein. 1 Thus, NHE3 is generally believed to be responsible for intestinal sodium absorption. 2 However, Muller et al. 3 did not find any defects in known NHE genes in two Austrian families with congenital sodium diarrhea.These authors did not 3. 4.
Corticosteroids and Bone Mass
Authors: H.E. van der Wiel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1990Corticosteroids and Bone MassH.E. van der Wiel, MD, C.H. Polman, MD, J.C. Netelenbos, MDH.E. van der Wiel, MDSearch for more papers by this author, C.H. Polman, MDSearch for more papers by this author, J.C. Netelenbos, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-7-560_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: In response to the excellent review on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis by Lukert and Raisz (1), we want to draw attention to our small study. We prospectively studied bone mineral measurements in eight patients (mean age, 43.1 ±9.3 years; seven men and one woman) with a progressive form of multiple sclerosis who were treated with high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy, 500 mg every month. All patients definitely had multiple sclerosis according to the Poser criteria (2). Bone mineral measurements were done before the first infusion and after the third and the sixth infusions. We presumed that during chronic corticosteroid...References1. LukertRaisz BL. Glucorticoid-induced osteoporosis: pathogenesis and management. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:352-64. LinkGoogle Scholar2. PoserPatyScheinberg CDL. New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines for research protocols. Ann Neurol. 1983;13:227-31. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. LoCascioBonnuciImbimbo VEB. Bone loss in response to long term glucocorticoid therapy. Bone Miner. 1990;8:39-51. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Kurtzke J. Rating neurological impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology. 1983;33:1444-52. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Free University Hospital 1007 MB Amsterdam The Netherlands PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1990Volume 113, Issue 7Page: 560-560KeywordsBoneHeart rateMultiple sclerosisOsteoporosis Issue Published: 1 October 1990 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Genomics in Clinical Practice: Lessons from the Front Lines
Authors: Howard J. Jacob, Kelly Abrams, David P. Bick, Kent Brodie, David P. Dimmock, Michael Farrell, Jennifer Geurts, Jeremy Harris, Daniel Helbling, Barbara J. Joers, Robert Kliegman, George Kowalski, Jozef Lazar, David A. Margolis, Paula North, Jill Northup, Altheia Roquemore-Goins, Gunter Scharer, Mary Shimoyama, Kimberly Strong, Bradley Taylor, Shirng-Wern Tsaih, Michael R. Tschannen, Regan L. Veith, Jaime Wendt-Andrae, Brandon Wilk, Elizabeth A. Worthey
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2013)

The price of whole-genome and -exome sequencing has fallen to the point where these methods can be applied to clinical medicine. Here, we outline the lessons we have learned in converting a sequencing laboratory designed for research into a fully functional clinical program.
Variable region diversity in human circulating antibodies specific for the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b. Preferential usage of two types of VH3 heavy chains.
Authors: G J Silverman, A H Lucas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Antibodies against capsular polysaccharides are important in the defense against many pathogenic bacteria. To determine the mechanism for the variability in responses to polysaccharides, a panel of well characterized serologic reagents that identify diagnostic primary amino acid sequences in the framework and hypervariable regions of heavy (H) and light (L) chains were created to characterize the variable region diversity in circulating human antibodies. 10 normal adult volunteers were immunized with the type b capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae (Hib PS). By immunoblot analyses each individual was found to use at least three different variable L (VL) families, but all had preferential usage of VH3-derived H chains. Four individuals had lesser populations of VH1-derived H chains and three had populations of VH4-derived H chains, but anti-Hib PS antibodies derived from the VH2, VH5, and VH6 families were not detected. The anti-Hib PS antibodies from all subjects were also identified by serologic markers for two specific types of VH3 H chains. These H chains are structurally related to the 20P1 and 30P1 VH genes that are preferentially rearranged in the early human repertoire. These findings document the VH restriction of physiologic responses to Hib PS immunization, and demonstrate a technique to directly assess the structural and genetic diversity of specific serum antibodies.
Experimental aluminum pathology in rabbits: effects of hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds.
Authors: G G Bombi, B Corain, M Favarato, R Giordano, M Nicolini, M Perazzolo, A Tapparo, P Zatta
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Aluminum lactate [Al(lact)3] (hydrophilic, hydrolytically unstable) and aluminum acetylacetonate [Al(acae)3] (lipophilic, hydrolytically stable) were tested as potential toxicants to rabbits upon IV administration both as aqueous solutions and as liposome suspensions. Both chemicals behaved as cardiotoxic agents when administered as aqueous solutions, but Al(acae)3 was at least two orders of magnitude more active than Al(lact)3. Al(acae)3, but not Al(lact)3, caused myocardial infarcts resembling those in humans (with contraction bands) at doses as low as 0.24 mg/kg body weight, as well as a prominent acanthocytosis. Al(lact)3, when administered as a liposome suspension, was about 300 times more toxic than in aqueous solution, although cardiac damage was not infarctual in character. Both chemical and physical speciation of aluminum(III) thus play an essential role in determining the toxicity of the metal.
Trust guilty of fiddling figures on cancellations but is cleared of accounting faults
Authors: Caroline White
Journal: BMJ (2004)

An independent investigation has upheld allegations that a major London NHS trust fiddled figures on cancelled operations and inappropriately charged hospitality expenses to the public purse.

But the investigation, which also charged the trust's board with “weak corporate oversight,” has cleared St George's Healthcare NHS Trust of alleged manipulation of outpatient waiting list figures and various accounting improprieties.

Michael Taylor, who led the investigation, was nominated by the NHS Confederation at the request of the Leicestershire, Northamptonshire and Rutland Strategic Health Authority.

The authority had been asked by the South West London Strategic Health Authority …
Canonical Wnt signaling acts synergistically on BMP9-induced osteo/odontoblastic differentiation of stem cells of dental apical papilla (SCAPs)
Authors: Hongmei Zhang, Jinhua Wang, Fang Deng, Enyi Huang, Zhengjian Yan, Zhongliang Wang, Youlin Deng, Qian Zhang, Zhonglin Zhang, Jixing Ye, Min Qiao, Ruifang Li, Jing Wang, Qiang Wei, Guolin Zhou, Hue H. Luu, Rex C. Haydon, Tong-Chuan He, Feng Deng
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)

Dental pulp/dentin regeneration using dental stem cells combined with odontogenic factors may offer great promise to treat and/or prevent premature tooth loss. Here, we investigate if BMP9 and Wnt/β-catenin act synergistically on odontogenic differentiation. Using the immortalized SCAPs (iSCAPs) isolated from mouse apical papilla tissue, we demonstrate that Wnt3A effectively induces early osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in iSCAPs, which is reduced by β-catenin knockdown. While Wnt3A and BMP9 enhance each other's ability to induce ALP activity in iSCAPs, silencing β-catenin significantly diminishes BMP9-induced osteo/odontogenic differentiation. Furthermore, silencing β-catenin reduces BMP9-induced expression of osteocalcin and osteopontin and in vitro matrix mineralization of iSCAPs. In vivo stem cell implantation assay reveals that while BMP9-transduced iSCAPs induce robust ectopic bone formation, iSCAPs stimulated with both BMP9 and Wnt3A exhibit more mature and highly mineralized trabecular bone formation. However, knockdown of β-catenin in iSCAPs significantly diminishes BMP9 or BMP9/Wnt3A-induced ectopic bone formation in vivo. Thus, our results strongly suggest that β-catenin may play an important role in BMP9-induced osteo/ondontogenic signaling and that BMP9 and Wnt3A may act synergistically to induce osteo/odontoblastic differentiation of iSCAPs. It's conceivable that BMP9 and/or Wnt3A may be explored as efficacious biofactors for odontogenic regeneration and tooth engineering.
Paediatric clinical gastroenterology
Authors: P J Milla
Journal: Gut (1984)

gut disorders (peptic ulcer, inflammatory bowel disease, coeliac disease) were given perfunctory treatment.(ii) 'This book was written to help physicians in their care of patients with digestive diseases'.It is certainly too detailed for the student, not practical enough for the resident, too unbalanced for those taking higher medical diplomas and, only in parts, up to the high standards required by trainee and trainer gastroenterologists.Internists will use the even larger and better proportioned rivals for occasional reference.On balance therefore, I do not feel that I can recommend this book to any particular group of readers.This is a pity because some sections are undoubtedly good and stimulating.
Cutaneous periarteritis nodosa: a clinicopathological study of 79 cases
Authors: M.S. DAOUD, K.P. HUTTON, L.E. GIBSON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Cutaneous periarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a well-recognized entity characterized by tender subcutaneous nodules and livedo that may ulcerate. The pathogenesis of cutaneous PAN is not known. The objective of the study was to evaluate the clinical and histological features of 79 cases of cutaneous PAN and to investigate any clinical, pathological and immunological differences that may distinguish those cases likely to have a prolonged course. A retrospective analysis of 79 cases was conducted. Thirty-nine patients had ulcers during the course of their illness. Women were affected more than men. Painful nodules on the lower extremities, with oedema and swelling, were the most common clinical finding; 22% of patients had some evidence of neuropathy. Most of the laboratory findings were non-specific. There was no evidence for hepatitis B infection and hepatitis C infection was present in only one patient. Most patients (60%) had no associated medical condition. The disease course was prolonged but benign, and systemic PAN did not develop in any patient. Corticosteroids given systemically induced remission in most acute cases. The ulcerative form of disease was more prolonged and frequently associated with neuropathy.
Lymphatic function is required prenatally for lung inflation at birth
Authors: Zoltán Jakus, Jason P. Gleghorn, David R. Enis, Aslihan Sen, Stephanie Chia, Xi Liu, David R. Rawnsley, Yiqing Yang, Paul R. Hess, Zhiying Zou, Jisheng Yang, Susan H. Guttentag, Celeste M. Nelson, Mark L. Kahn
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2014)

Mammals must inflate their lungs and breathe within minutes of birth to survive. A key regulator of neonatal lung inflation is pulmonary surfactant, a lipoprotein complex which increases lung compliance by reducing alveolar surface tension (Morgan, 1971). Whether other developmental processes also alter lung mechanics in preparation for birth is unknown. We identify prenatal lymphatic function as an unexpected requirement for neonatal lung inflation and respiration. Mice lacking lymphatic vessels, due either to loss of the lymphangiogenic factor CCBE1 or VEGFR3 function, appear cyanotic and die shortly after birth due to failure of lung inflation. Failure of lung inflation is not due to reduced surfactant levels or altered development of the lung but is associated with an elevated wet/dry ratio consistent with edema. Embryonic studies reveal active lymphatic function in the late gestation lung, and significantly reduced total lung compliance in late gestation embryos that lack lymphatics. These findings reveal that lymphatic vascular function plays a previously unrecognized mechanical role in the developing lung that prepares it for inflation at birth. They explain respiratory failure in infants with congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia, and suggest that inadequate late gestation lymphatic function may also contribute to respiratory failure in premature infants.
Chemoprophylaxis for Tuberculosis
Authors: Lillian A. Olson
Journal: JAMA (1968)

To the Editor:—  In commenting on Chemoprophylaxis for Tuberculosis ( 202 :647, 1967), your editor seemed unaware of the massive effort put forward by doctors, nurses, public health agencies, Christmas Seal distributors, and the public in general to make human tuberculosis an unimportant  during the 20th century. He intimates that just the passage of time which he calls history might have brought this dread disease under control without drugs.  Tuberculin testing and mass chest x-ray surveys are mentioned as having been used. But these would have been of no avail unless the patient and contacts received further study and care. The tuberculosis hospital, which was a needed haven in order to isolate and treat patients with good food and rest (plus pneumothorax, pneumoperitoneum, and thoracoplasty later), is simply mentioned as something that has been killed off.  Even accepting a BCG vaccine effect, infection with tuberculosis does not confer immunity on
ADDRESS DELIVERED AT THE CLOSING EXERCISES OF THE ARMY MEDICAL SCHOOL, MARCH 12, 1897.
Authors: SAMUEL C. BUSEY
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The selection of a physician in civil life to deliver the address on this occasion gives expression to that comity and fraternal fellowship which makes kindred of us all, and the presence of one whose professional life has been limited exclusively to civil practice adds force to the thought that the great brotherhood of scientific medicine is animated by those qualities of the heart and mind which bring together those engaged in a beneficent pursuit, however widely the incidents and environments of life of the individual members may differ. You, gentlemen of the graduating class, have won the initial honor of your corps, and with the conclusion of these exercises you will be transferred to the active and practical duties of that department of medicine to which you have voluntarily dedicated your life work. To the doctorate of medicine, with one year of hospital experience and successful examination of the
Association Between Salicylates and Reye's Syndrome-Reply
Authors: Thomas J. Halpin
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In Reply.—  Soller and Stander, on the basis of an unpublished analysis of our data, raise the issue of two potential biases: protopathic and product confusion bias. The existence of protopathic bias, or bias caused by the disease preceding the risk factor, depends on how the onset of RS is defined. We defined the onset of RS as the first day of severe vomiting. In the second year of our study, aspirin was classified as a positive exposure for cases only if ingested before the first day of severe vomiting. Thus, this bias regarding the temporal association of aspirin and RS should not be a problem if the onset of vomiting properly identifies the onset of RS. Even if clinical RS can precede severe vomiting, a retrospective determination of the exact onset on the basis of a complex of nonspecific symptoms, eg, headache, fever, or sore throat, symptoms all compatible
Interleukin‐5 in eosinophilic gastroenteritis
Authors: Takayuki Takahashi, Kishiko Nakamura, Satoru Nishikawa, Reiko Tsuyuoka, Akira Suzuki, Masao Murakami, Masahiro Amenomori, Yoshiaki Okuno, Hiroo Imura
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

Abstract During a 4‐year period a 28‐year‐old female had 4 episodes of eosinophilia of over 10,000/μ1; these episodes were associated with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. On one occasion, she had ascites and pleural effusion which contained numerous mature eosinophils. On each occasion, these attacks disappeared within several weeks without any specific treatment. A diagnosis of eosinophilic gastroenteritis was made. A plasma sample obtained during the eosinophilia generated in vitro eosinophilic colonies when added to granulocyte/macrophage‐progenitor (CFU‐GM) cultures without exogeneous growth factors. Colony formation was inhibited by anti‐interleukin‐5 (IL‐5) antibody but not by antibodies toward IL‐3, granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) or GM‐CSF. A high plasma interleukin‐5 (IL‐5) level was noted when measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, while IL‐3, G‐CSF, and GM‐CSF were undetectable. During remission the plasma gave negative results both for colony formation and IL‐5 level. These results indicate that the eosinophilia of this disease is mediated by IL‐5. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
THE SURGICAL RELATION OF THE VERMIFORM APPENDIX TO PERFORATION IN TYPHOID FEVER.
Authors: LEVI JAY HAMMOND
Journal: JAMA (1904)

To within a few years, perforation in typhoid fever and its well-nigh fatal consequence, perforative peritonitis, were regarded as complications beyond hope of relief by surgical intervention, until E. Leyden,<sup>1</sup>in 1884, recommended surgical repair as a rational procedure, likening the condition to suppurative pleuritis. Later in the same year, Mikulicz<sup>2</sup>reported three cases of his own, in addition to reviewing the cases previously recorded in literature. In 1886, Dr. J. C. Wilson<sup>3</sup>remarked: "The courage to perform laparotomy at this time will come of the knowledge that the only alternative is the patient's death." Encouraged by these bold advocates, surgeons throughout the world have frequently reported operations for this heretofore fatal complication, even in the face of so high mortality as 80.64 per cent. (Keen), 73.78 per cent. (Finney) and 88 per cent. (Monad). Yet when we contrast with the above the mortality of 95 per cent. (Harvey Cushing)
Molecular and genetic basis of sudden cardiac death
Authors: Alfred L. George
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

The abrupt cessation of effective cardiac function due to an aberrant heart rhythm can cause sudden and unexpected death at any age, a syndrome called sudden cardiac death (SCD). Annually, more than 300,000 cases of SCD occur in the United States alone, making this a major public health concern. Our current understanding of the mechanisms responsible for SCD has emerged from decades of basic science investigation into the normal electrophysiology of the heart, the molecular physiology of cardiac ion channels, fundamental cellular and tissue events associated with cardiac arrhythmias, and the molecular genetics of monogenic disorders of heart rhythm. This knowledge has helped shape the current diagnosis and treatment of inherited arrhythmia susceptibility syndromes associated with SCD and has provided a pathophysiological framework for understanding more complex conditions predisposing to this tragic event. This Review presents an overview of the molecular basis of SCD, with a focus on monogenic arrhythmia syndromes.
TCT-714 Real-world multicenter prospective registry using the direct flow medical transcatheter aortic valve system for the treatment of severe aortic stenosis: comparison with the DISCOVER Trial
Authors: Christoph Naber, Stylianos A. Pyxaras, Hüseyin Ince, Azeem Latib, Peter Frambach, Peter den Heijer, Christian Butter, Antonio Colombo, Stephan Kische
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)