tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
BMA criticises juniors' new starting dates
Authors: L Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The BMA's Junior Doctors Committee (JDC) has reacted strongly to proposals from the NHS Management Executive that in future preregistration house officers will start their employment on the first Tuesday in August and senior house officers on the first Wednesday in August. This will enable doctors to attend a compulsory induction course and allow for handover arrangements. The committee will ask for the circular (EL(94)1) to be withdrawn.

Although the JDC supports a uniform starting date and induction courses, it has complained that its comments on the draft circular were not taken into account. The committee'spolicy is for a Monday starting date so that doctors can travel from one job to the next over the weekend.

The committee believes that the new proposals are unnecessarily complex and will not be flexible enough to deal with problems, such as the availability of clinical tutors on afixed day of the week. It points out that the new starting date means that doctors would have to continue in their old post for an extra two days and would lose two days of theirnew pay rate. This could have a knock on effect later in the doctor's career. Furthermore,if house officers have to stay in post for an additional two days the senior house officer post will remain unfilled.

The management executive proposes …
Tumor-Induced Immune Suppression of<i>In vivo</i>Effector T-Cell Priming Is Mediated by the B7-H1/PD-1 Axis and Transforming Growth Factor β
Authors: Shuang Wei, Andrew B. Shreiner, Nobuhiro Takeshita, Lieping Chen, Weiping Zou, Alfred E. Chang
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract We have generated effector T cells from tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLN) that are efficacious in adoptive immunotherapy. We now examine the effect of concomitant tumors on the generation of effector T cells. We inoculated methylcholanthrene (MCA) 205 in the flanks of normal mice and mice bearing MCA 205 lung metastases. TDLN cells from these mice were activated and expanded in vitro, and adoptively transferred to mice bearing lung metastases. Effector T cells generated from TDLN in mice with only flank tumor mediated potent antitumor activity. However, antitumor efficacy of the effector T cells generated from TDLN in mice with pre-existent lung tumor (cTDLN) was reduced. Phenotyping studies showed that dendritic cells in cTDLN expressed higher levels of B7-H1, whereas cTDLN T cells expressed higher levels of PD-1. The levels of IFNγ were reduced, and the levels of CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells were increased in cTDLN versus TDLN. The in vitro activation of cTDLN was increased by blocking B7-H1 or transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. Importantly, we found a synergistic up-regulation of IFNγ with simultaneous blockade of B7-H1 and TGF-β that was much greater than observed with TDLN. In vitro activation of cTDLN with anti–B7-H1 and anti–TGF-β and in vivo administration of these antibodies after adoptive transfer resulted in the abrogation of the suppression associated with cTDLN. These results show a major role for the B7-H1/PD-1 axis and TGF-β as synergistic suppressive mechanisms in cTDLN. Our data have clinical relevance in the generation of effector T cells in the tumor-bearing host. [Cancer Res 2008;68(13):5432–7]
The role of an all-oral chemotherapy containing lomustine (CCNU) in advanced,fs progressive Hodgkin lymphoma: a patient-friendly palliative option which can result in long-term disease control
Authors: S.J. Proctor, A.L. Lennard, G.H. Jackson, G.L. Jones, J. Lewis, J. Wilkinson, J. White, M. Sieniawski, P. McKay, D. Culligan, H.H. Lucraft
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2009)
A Novel Variant of Transthyretin, 59 <sup>Thr→Lys</sup> , Associated With Autosomal Dominant Cardiac Amyloidosis in an Italian Family
Authors: D. R. Booth, S. Y. Tan, P. N. Hawkins, M. B. Pepys, A. Frustaci
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Amyloidosis is a disorder of protein metabolism characterized by extracellular accumulation of abnormal protein fibrils. Different proteins form the fibrils in different forms of the disease, and the condition can be acquired or hereditary. Involvement of the heart is quite common, producing a serious and usually fatal cardiomyopathy. Cardiac amyloidosis is often diagnosed late, and cardiac biopsy together with proper histological examination is essential. Contrary to previous perceptions, there is much recent evidence of effective treatment for several different types of systemic and cardiac amyloidosis, including the most common hereditary form caused by mutations in the transthyretin gene. Chemical and genetic typing of amyloid is therefore of considerable clinical importance. Methods and Results Seven members in two generations of an Italian family presented with cardiac disease inherited as an autosomal dominant and were found to have systemic amyloidosis. Angina pectoris–like pain, an unusual feature in cardiac amyloidosis, was a prominent symptom, possibly related to partial obliteration of the distal coronary arteries by amyloid infiltration. There were also cases of sudden cardiac death. Peripheral and autonomic neuropathy, which are the usual features of hereditary amyloidosis, were present in only two cases, and a diagnosis of acquired, immunoglobulin light chain (AL type) amyloidosis was suspected in the index case before the family history emerged. In fact, the amyloid fibrils were composed of transthyretin, and the two affected individuals from whom DNA was available were both heterozygotes for a single base change in exon 3 of the transthyretin gene, encoding substitution of Lys for the wild-type Thr residue at position 59 in the mature protein. This mutation has not previously been reported. Conclusions We have identified a novel mutation in the transthyretin gene encoding 59 Thr→Lys associated with autosomal dominant hereditary systemic amyloidosis in an Italian kindred in whom cardiac involvement was the major feature. This family illustrates the difficulty in diagnosis of cardiac amyloid, the variable clinical phenotype in hereditary amyloidosis even within a family, and the importance of precise fibril typing for correct management in this condition.
Medical Practice Management in the 21st Century: The Handbook
Authors: Dawn S. Brezina, Paul Brezina
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Medical Writings: Book Notes5 August 2008Medical Practice Management in the 21st Century: The HandbookDawn S. Brezina, MD and Paul Brezina, MD, MBADawn S. Brezina, MDFrom Durham Regional Hospital, Duke University Health System, Durham, and Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.Search for more papers by this author and Paul Brezina, MD, MBAFrom Durham Regional Hospital, Duke University Health System, Durham, and Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-149-3-200808050-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Satinsky MA, Curnow RT Jr. 192 pages. Abingdon, UK: Radcliffe Pub; 2007. $59.95. ISBN 9781846190230. Order at www.radcliffe-oxford.com.Field of medicine: Business of medicine and practice management.Format: Softcover book.Audience: All private practice clinicians.Purpose: To provide management structure and guidelines for both new and existing private medical practices.Content: The book provides a succinct template for success in today's medical marketplace. It is clearly written, with well-defined terminology and good examples, making it easy to read for the individual with limited experience in management and finance. Each of the 5 major categories of management addressed is oriented toward ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Durham Regional Hospital, Duke University Health System, Durham, and Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 5 August 2008Volume 149, Issue 3Page: 220KeywordsComputer softwareElectronic medical recordsHospital medicineInformation technologyMotivationQuality improvementResidencyShinglesSoftware tools ePublished: 5 August 2008 Issue Published: 5 August 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
FDA committee recommends restricting use of anti-anaemia drug in cancer
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The US Food and Drug Administration’s oncologic drugs advisory committee has recommended limits on the use of synthetic erythropoietin products, used to treat anaemia, in many cancer patients.

The FDA is not obliged to follow the committee’s recommendations but often does so. A spokeswoman said that the agency “will review the information and have internal discussions before rendering its final decision.”

FDA documents state: “Trials have demonstrated an increased risk of death and/or tumor promotion in head/neck, non-small cell lung cancer, breast (neoadjuvant and metastatic settings), lymphoid malignancies, and cervical cancers. Tumor types, other than those listed . . . have not been adequately studied.” Many of the trials used high doses of the drug.

Erythropoietin is sold as Aranesp and Epogen by Amgen and as Procrit by Ortho Biotech, a …
PRESERVATION OF NORMAL HUMAN PLASMA IN THE LIQUID STATE. II. COMPARATIVE IN VITRO STUDIES ON THE PHYSIOLOGIC ACTIVITY OF LABILE CONSTITUENTS OF LIQUID AND FROZEN PLASMA 12
Authors: F. H. L. Taylor, Eugene L. Lozner, C. S. Davidson, H. J. Tagnon, Lloyd R. Newhouser, Harriet MacDonald, Margaret A. Adams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1944)

The therapeutic use of human plasma is now well established (1 to 3).It is available in three preparations, liquid, frozen, and desiccated from the frozen state.The purpose of the present study is an evaluation of liquid and frozen plasma from the standpoint of the stability of certain constituents having important physiological activity. METHODFor the comparative study of liquid and frozen plasma, 3 fresh pools of plasma were prepared by the Blood Plasma Department of the U. S. Naval Medical School, Washing- ton, D. C. One half of each pool was transferred to small containers holding 200 ml. of citrated plasma and im- mediately frozen at -30°C.The other half was kept in similar containers in the liquid state at room tempera- ture.At predetermined intervals, a liquid sample and its duplicate frozen sample were shipped to Boston for study.The frozen sample was preserved in this state by shipment in solid carbon dioxide.The usual preparation of the plasma consisted of drawing blood into 35 ml. of 2.5 per cent sodium citrate to make a total volume of 300 ml.Thus, a 0.31 per cent sodium citrate concentration was obtained.Eighteen hundred ml. of plasma from such bleedings were aspirated after centrifuging into 200 ml. of 50 per cent glucose to give a volume of 2000 ml.This pool was then subdivided as given above.In one instance,
Symptom-free T4 lung cancer with bilateral pulmonary artery infiltration
Authors: Alfredo Cesario, Daniela Onorati, Vittorio Cardaci, Stefano Margaritora, Venanzio Porziella, Alessio Piraino, Domenico Galetta, Letizia Vita, Pierluigi Granone
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2005)
Dopamine function in Lesch-Nyhan disease.
Authors: W L Nyhan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Lesch-Nyhan disease is a disorder of purine metabolism resulting from mutations in the gene for hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase on the X chromosome. It is characterized by hyperuricemia and all of its consequences, as in gout; but in addition, patients have impressive disease of the central nervous system. This includes spasticity, involuntary movements, and retardation of motor development. The behavioral phenotype is best remembered by self-injurious biting behavior with attendant destruction of tissue. The connection between aberrant metabolism of purines and these neurologic and behavioral features of the disease is not clear. Increasing evidence points to imbalance of neurotransmitters. There is increased excretion of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the urine. There are decreased quantities and activities of a number of dopaminergic functions. Positron emission tomography scanning has indicated deficiency in the dopamine transporter.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage–Directed Therapy in Children With Cystic Fibrosis and &lt;emph type="ital"&gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&lt;/emph&gt; Infection—Reply
Authors: Claire E. Wainwright
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Migration and Health: A Framework for 21st Century Policy-Making
Authors: Cathy Zimmerman, Ligia Kiss, Mazeda Hossain
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

In the introductory article to a six-part PLoS Medicine series on Migration & Health, series guest editors Cathy Zimmerman, Mazeda Hossain, and Ligia Kiss outline a migratory process framework that involves five phases: pre-departure, travel, destination, interception, and return.
Restricted Immunoglobulin Variable Region (Ig V) Gene Expression Accompanies Secondary Rearrangements of Light Chain Ig V Genes in Mouse Plasmacytomas
Authors: Lena Diaw, David Siwarski, Allen Coleman, Jennifer Kim, Gary M. Jones, Guillaume Dighiero, Konrad Huppi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

The many binding studies of monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) produced by plasmacytomas have found no universally common binding properties, but instead, groups of plasmacytomas with specific antigen-binding activities to haptens such as phosphorylcholine, dextrans, fructofuranans, or dinitrophenyl. Subsequently, it was found that plasmacytomas with similar binding chain specificities not only expressed the same idiotype, but rearranged the same light (VL) and heavy (VH) variable region genes to express a characteristic monoclonal antibody. In this study, we have examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay five antibodies secreted by silicone-induced mouse plasmacytomas using a broader panel of antigens including actin, myosin, tubulin, single-stranded DNA, and double-stranded DNA. We have determined the Ig heavy and light chain V gene usage in these same plasmacytomas at the DNA and RNA level. Our studies reveal: (a) antibodies secreted by plasmacytomas bind to different antigens in a manner similar to that observed for natural autoantibodies; (b) the expressed Ig heavy genes are restricted in V gene usage to the VH-J558 family; and (c) secondary rearrangements occur at the light chain level with at least three plasmacytomas expressing both κ and λ light chain genes. These results suggest that plasmacytomas use a restricted population of B cells that may still be undergoing rearrangement, thereby bypassing the allelic exclusion normally associated with expression of antibody genes.
Hepatitis C Virus and Death Risk in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, Ryan D. Kilpatrick, Charles J. McAllister, Loren G. Miller, Eric S. Daar, David W. Gjertson, Joel D. Kopple, Sander Greenland
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2007)

In maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common and may be associated with poor clinical outcomes. It was hypothesized that HCV infection would be associated with high all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in these patients after controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics, including surrogates of malnutrition-inflammation complex syndrome. A national database of 13,664 MHD patients who underwent HCV antibody serology testing at least once during a 3-yr interval (July 2001 through June 2004) was analyzed. Measurements included third-generation HCV enzyme immunoassay and routine laboratory measurements. The HCV enzyme immunoassay was reported positive in 1590 (12%) patients. In logistic regression models that included case mix and available surrogates of malnutrition-inflammation complex syndrome, HCV infection was associated with younger age, male gender, black race, Hispanic ethnicity, Medicaid insurance, longer dialysis vintage (duration), unmarried status, HIV infection, and smoking history. In proportional-hazards regressions, the mortality hazard ratio that was associated with HCV infection was 1.25 (95% confidence interval 1.12 to 1.39; P < 0.001). Mortality hazards were higher among incident (dialysis duration <6 mo) than prevalent HD patients. Subgroup analyses indicated that HCV was associated with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality across almost all clinical, demographic, and laboratory groups of patients. Hence, in MHD patients, HCV infection exhibits distinct demographic, clinical, and laboratory patterns, including associations with higher dialysis treatment vintage, and is associated with higher mortality. More diligent efforts to prevent and treat HCV infection may improve outcomes in MHD patients.
Serum Sclerostin Levels are Associated with Aortic Valve Calcification in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Mustafa M Balcı, Aysel Türkvatan, Alper Kırkpantur, Ugur Arslan, Okan Er, Sadık K Açıkgöz, İbrahim Kocaoğlu, Kevser G Balcı
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Family planning for the mentally handicapped.
Authors: D A Spencer
Journal: BMJ (1976)

This is a plea for family planning services for mentally handicapped adolescents and their families. This is not the thing a busy general practitioner, gynecologist, or family planner in an ordinary clinic can be expected to do. Instead a team with an experienced family planner, a gynecologist, and a specialist in mental handicaps could work together to develop this specialized type of counseling.
Familial Hypocomplementemic Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome With HLA-A3,B7 Haplotype
Authors: Luis Carreras
Journal: JAMA (1981)

We describe a familial, relapsing type of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) that has a possible genetic origin. Three members of a family, aged between 15 months and 34 years, evidenced HUS. Histological examination disclosed thrombotic microangiopathy. Recurrences, persistent hypocomplementemia, and the HLA haplotype A3,B7 were a common factor. We studied 17 members of this family and found a low C3 level from activation of the alternative pathway in the haplotype A3,B7 carriers. These three patients with HUS probably had a congenital and hereditary condition in which immunologic factors played a role in its pathogenesis.
Obesity and poor sexual health outcomes
Authors: S. Goldbeck-Wood
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Clinicians must be prepared to discuss sex and weight with patients

Obesity and sex are subjects that doctors find especially difficult to discuss with patients, despite evidence that such discussions help. Although short conversations (three to five minutes) during routine visits can contribute to changes in behaviour, such as increasing physical activity, eating less fat, and losing weight, most primary care professionals do not talk to their patients about weight.1

Sex is an even greater taboo—even clinicians who are comfortable with discussing periods or bowel motions and treating conditions where sex is known to be affected routinely fail to ask about sexual function, with lack of skill and time and discomfort cited as reasons.2 3 Around 68% of respondents in a population based telephone survey from Washington said they would be reluctant to discuss a sexual problem for fear of embarrassing their doctor.4 The linked population based survey by Bajos and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.c2573) relates to both of these taboo areas.5

Bajos and colleagues report the largest survey of obesity and sexuality to look at both men and women in a manner representative of the wider population. Previous studies of obesity and sexuality have tended to focus on small samples in particular subgroups, such as erectile dysfunction in morbidly obese men or sexual function in women awaiting bariatric surgery. Meanwhile, wider studies of sexual function often focus purely on …
Disruption of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor–Dependent Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase and Phospholipase Cγ 1 Activity Abolishes Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration and Attenuates Neointima Formation In Vivo
Authors: Evren Caglayan, Marius Vantler, Olli Leppänen, Felix Gerhardt, Lenard Mustafov, Henrik ten Freyhaus, Kai Kappert, Margarete Odenthal, Wolfram H. Zimmermann, Michelle D. Tallquist, Stephan Rosenkranz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
SOCIAL MOVEMENTS FOR THE PROLONGATION OF LIFE
Authors: WILLIAM EVERETT MUSGRAVE
Journal: JAMA (1925)

Life prolonging preachments and methods always have been an outstanding part of the practices of all classes of healers of all ages. The evolution in methods employed forms an interesting and illuminating chapter of human history. Like all inherent human traits fostered by the natural wishes of individuals for longer, healthier and happier lives, movements and methods for extending life have moved in cycles— sometimes occupying the center of the stage and at other times temporarily replaced by something else. The interchange in popularity between<i>life prolonging</i>and<i>disease preventing</i>practices and methods of<i>curing disease</i>would make an interesting graph. At times the three lines would be blended and at others far apart. All honest, intelligent efforts along either of these lines are, of course, highly commendable, and when they are carried forward hand in hand, we have modern scientific medicine at its best. One rather more than usually
Nonfunctional Photomultiplier Tubes Can Produce Subtle Total-Body Scan Defects
Authors: ROBERT J. BOUDREAU, TIMOTHY JOHNSON, RENE P. du CRET, MERLE LOKEN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Nonfunctional photomultiplier tubes produce subtle total body scan defects. The resultant scan shows bands of reduced activity which are far less obvious than those seen on a standard image.