tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Progress report: caerulein.
Authors: V Erspamer
Journal: Gut (1970)

Progress report: Caerulein Caerulein (I) is a decapeptide present in the skin of Hyla caerulea and other Australian hylid frogs,1' 2 of Leptodactylus pentadactylus labyrinthicus and related South American leptodactylid frogs, and finally of the South African amphibian Xenopus laevis.3The South American hylid frogs of the Phyllo- medusa genus contain a decapeptide, phyllocaerulein(II), strictly related to caerulein.4The amino acid sequences reported below clearly show the striking resem- blance in chemical structure existing between the caeruleins, the C-terminal octapeptide of porcine cholecystokinin-pancreozymin(III) and the Cterminal hexapeptide of the gastrins II (IV).(I) Pyr-Gln-Asp-Tyr(SO3H)-Thr-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2 (II) Pyr-Glu-Tyr(SO3H)-Thr-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2 (III) -Asp-Tyr(SO3H)-Met-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2 (IV) -Tyr(SO3H)-Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2 Extensive pharmacological investigations have demonstrated that the chemical similarity is accompanied by a close resemblance in the pharmaco- logical effects displayed by the caeruleins and the gastro-duodenal hormones.However, whereas the spectrum of activity of caerulein presents only a partial overlapping with that of gastrin, it is very similar or identical to that of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin.Gastrin is a potent stimulant of gastric secretion, a moderate stimulant of pancreatic secretion, and a poor stimulant of the motility of the gall- bladder and small intestine.On the other hand, both caerulein and cholecysto- kinin-pancreozymin are formidable stimulants of the musculature of the gall- bladder and the intestine, powerful stimulants of pancreatic secretion, and relatively moderate stimulants of gastric secretion.
Contribution of proteasome-mediated proteolysis to the hierarchy of epitopes presented by major histocompatibility complex class I molecules
Authors: Gabrlele Niedermann, Stefan Butz, Hans Georg Ihlenfeldt, Rudolf Grimm, Maria Lucchlarl, Heinz Hoschotzky, Günther Jung, Bernhard Maier, Klaus Elchmann
Journal: Immunity (1995)
Hospitalization Rates in Vasectomized Men
Authors: Alexander M. Walker
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Six thousand ninety-two men who had undergone vasectomy were observed for 20,491 person-years of observation in a prepaid group practice. The incidences of first-time hospitalizations for a variety of diagnoses were examined as a proxy for disease incidence rates and compared with similarly derived rates in the remaining male membership of the practice. Vasectomized men had comparatively high rates of hospitalization for a variety of diseases of the genitourinary system during the early postvasectomy period. Apart from these, there were no important, statistically convincing elevations in the new hospitalization rates among vasectomized men, as compared with those of the nonvasectomized comparison group.
A prospective study of risk for Sturge-Weber syndrome in children with upper facial port-wine stain
Authors: Anne-Sophie Dutkiewicz, Khaled Ezzedine, Juliette Mazereeuw-Hautier, Jean-Philippe Lacour, Sébastien Barbarot, Pierre Vabres, Juliette Miquel, Xavier Balguerie, Ludovic Martin, Franck Boralevi, Pierre Bessou, Jean-François Chateil, Christine Léauté-Labrèze
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2015)
Neoral® (cyclosporin) in dermatology: technical aspects*
Authors: S.G. SMITH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Cyclosporin is a highly effective treatment for psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and many other inflammatory dermatoses. Absorption of cyclosporin from the traditional Sandimmun® formulation is influenced by many factors, including bile flow, food and gastrointestinal motility. As a consequence, the bioavailability of Sandimmun® is low and highly variable, both within and between patients. Neoral® is a microemulsion preconcentrate formulation that has self-emulsifying properties and immediately forms a microemulsion in aqueous fluids, allowing rapid and consistent absorption of cyclosporin from the gastrointestinal tract. Benefits in dermatology are likely to be more patients responding at lower doses, a faster onset of action and a more predictable response to a given dose allowing for fewer dose adjustments. In the future these benefits of Neoral® may lead to the simplified management of cyclosporin treatment and less frequent safety monitoring.
Effects of local reduction in pressure on distensibility and composition of cerebral arterioles.
Authors: G L Baumbach, J E Siems, D D Heistad
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

This study examined effects of local reductions in mean and pulse pressures on cerebral arterioles in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). WKY and SHRSP underwent clipping of one carotid artery at 1 month of age. At 10-12 months of age, mechanics of pial arterioles were examined in vivo in anesthetized rats. Bilateral craniotomies were performed to expose pial arterioles in the sham and clipped cerebral hemispheres. Stress-strain relations were calculated from measurements of pial arteriolar pressure (servo null), diameter, and cross-sectional area of the arteriolar wall. Point counting stereology was used to quantitate individual components in the arteriolar wall. Before deactivation of smooth muscle with EDTA, mean (Pm) and pulse (Pp) pressures were significantly less (p less than 0.05) in clipped than in sham arterioles in WKY (Pm, 63 +/- 2 versus 73 +/- 2 mm Hg; Pp, 23 +/- 3 versus 30 +/- 3 mm Hg) and SHRSP (Pm, 94 +/- 4 versus 110 +/- 4 mm Hg; Pp, 27 +/- 2 versus 38 +/- 3 mm Hg). Cross-sectional area of the arteriolar wall was less (p less than 0.05) in clipped than in sham arterioles in both groups of rats (1,403 +/- 125 versus 1,683 +/- 125 microns2 in WKY; 1,436 +/- 72 versus 1,926 +/- 134 microns2 in SHRSP). There was a correlation between cross-sectional area of the vessel wall and pulse pressure (r2 = 0.66), but not mean pressure (r2 = 0.09). During maximal dilatation with EDTA, the stress-strain curve was shifted to the left in clipped arterioles of SHRSP, but not of WKY, which indicates that carotid clipping in SHRSP reduces passive distensibility of cerebral arterioles. The proportion of distensible components in the vessel wall (smooth muscle, elastin, and endothelium) was reduced in clipped arterioles in SHRSP, but not in WKY. These findings suggest that 1) vascular hypertrophy of cerebral arterioles is related more closely to pulse pressure than to mean pressure, and 2) reduction of pial arteriolar pressure completely prevents cerebral vascular hypertrophy and attenuates increases in passive distensibility of cerebral arterioles in SHRSP.
Child Care in Health and Disease
Authors: J. C. Haworth
Journal: JAMA (1969)

This book records a symposium celebrating the dedication of the Wyler Children's Hospital and the Kennedy Mental Retardation Research Center at the University of Chicago in the late summer of 1966. The contributors are internationally renowned experts from many different countries and the topics are diverse, ranging from general aspects of child care in developing countries to the mapping of gene loci on the X chromosome. At first sight one might have doubts about the wisdom of accumulating such varied subject matter in a single book, particularly one with this title, which is neither a text nor a "Recent Advances," since almost all the scientific content has already been published, some of it a good many years ago. However, as one of the contributors, Andrea Prader, says, pediatrics has now become so subspecialized that there is a danger of losing sight of the child as a whole. It is only
Abstract 5147: Deregulation of G9a and its functional roles in liver cancer
Authors: Lai Wei, Felice Ho-Ching Tsang, Jeffery Chi-Fai Lau, Sandy Leung-Kuen Au, Joyce Man-Fong Lee, Carmen Chak-Lui Wong, Irene Oi-Lin Ng, Chun-Ming Wong
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Liver cancer, primarily hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the fifth most common cancers and the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. In recent years, deregulated epigenetic mechanisms were found important in a wide range of human carcinogenesis, including HCC. The epigenetic changes elicited by various environmental factors and lifestyles (such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, chronic alcohol intake) were suspected to promote HCC development. However, the underlying mechanism and specific gene targets are still unknown. Our previous study suggested that deregulation of epigenetic regulators was a common event in human HCC. Among 90 epigenetic modifiers analyzed in human HCC, Euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2/G9a) was the most significantly up-regulated one. G9a is a SET domain containing histone methyltransferase specific for histone H3 lysine 9 mono- and di-methylation. Previous work had revealed that G9a is important for embryonic development and adipocyte differentiation. However, little is known about functional roles of G9a in human HCC. We hypothesize that deregulation of G9a may led to aberrant epigenetic changes and contribute to initiation and progression of human HCC. In this study, we found that G9a mRNA expression in primary HCC was 3 folder than their corresponding non-tumor liver and 10 fold higher than normal livers. The up-regulation of G9a was detected in 63% (24/38) of primary HCC samples and was significantly associated with the presence of venous invasion (P = 0.006). The frequent G9a up-regulation in HCC was attributed to gene amplification and microRNA deregulation. We showed that 53% of HCC samples have 3 or more copies of G9a gene. In addition, we identified that miR-1 was a post-transcriptional regulator of G9a. Ectopic expression of miR-1 suppressed G9a 3′-untranslated-region-coupled luciferase activity. Functionally, knockdown of G9a significantly suppressed HCC cell proliferation, migration and colony formation. We also demonstrated that UNC0638, as a G9a specific inhibitor, could effectively inhibit HCC cell growth and cause cell morphology changes. By utilizing nude mice model, we showed that depletion of G9a drastically inhibited in vivo tumorigenicity. Our finding suggested that up-regulation of G9a contributed to the liver carcinogenesis and could be a therapeutic target for HCC treatment. Citation Format: Lai Wei, Felice Ho-Ching Tsang, Jeffery Chi-Fai Lau, Sandy Leung-Kuen Au, Joyce Man-Fong Lee, Carmen Chak-Lui Wong, Irene Oi-Lin Ng, Chun-Ming Wong. Deregulation of G9a and its functional roles in liver cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5147. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5147
Adenosine potentiates coronary flow and inhibits oxygen consumption during isoprenaline infusion in isolated perfused guinea pig hearts
Authors: A. E BERANEK, D. F STOWE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1983)

It has been shown that adenosine, a potent coronary vasodilator, is released during cardiac sympathetic stimulation and that infusion of adenosine reduces the increase in myocardial contractile force elicited by catecholamines. The purpose of our study was: 1) to examine if adenosine also attenuates the rise in O2 consumption (MV̇O2) induced by infusing isoprenaline; and 2) to determine whether such a fall in MV̇O2 occurs primarily because of a relative decrease in tissue O2 extraction or a change in coronary flow. We isolated guinea pig hearts, perfused the vasculature at constant pressure and measured coronary flow, inflow and outflow pO2, and isovolumetric left ventricular pressure (PLV) and its derivative (dP/dt). Before, during and after infusing isoprenaline, we infused adenosine at increasing rates; but both drugs were infused at rates which did not maximally increase flow. We observed that adenosine reduced the increases in PLV and +dP/dt due to isoprenaline from 52 to 24% and from 81 to 55%. Moreover, linear regression analysis showed that the rise in MV̇O2 by isoprenaline was antagonised as a function of adenosine. This relative fall in MV̇X2 resulted primarily because of a decrease in O2 extraction since coronary flow was enhanced as a function of adenosine. Thus, although adenosine enhances the increase in flow due to isoprenaline overall it attenuates tissue O2 extraction and MV̇O2. Our study suggests that during sympathetic cardiac stimulation, endogenously released adenosine may not only produce vasodilatation and enhance the delivery of O2, but may also attenuate cardiac muscle work and the extraction of O2 with a net inhibition of MV̇O2.
Echocardiographie Criteria for Normal Newborn Infants
Authors: ARTHUR D. HAGAN, WILLIAM J. DEELY, DAVID SAHN, WILLIAM F. FRIEDMAN
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Echocardiograms were obtained from 200 normal newborn infants ranging from 6 to 10 pounds in weight and from 10 to 72 hours in age. A continuous recording technique is described employing a 5 MHz transducer. Criteria have been established for a normal echocardiographic profile in the full-term neonate. This profile consists of obtaining quantitative measurements of mitral valve excursion and velocity, tricuspid valve excursion and velocity, pulmonary artery diameter, aortic root diameter, left atrial diameter, and interventricular septal thicknesses. In addition, qualitative assessment is made of the septal contour, position of the aortic root to pulmonary artery, continuity of mitral valve with posterior aortic root, and continuity of tricuspid valve with anterior aortic root. No correlation was found between the magnitude of any one parameter and either body surface area or weight. The establishment of normal echocardiographic criteria for the newborn may be expected to significantly facilitate application of this noninvasive technique to infants born with congenital heart disease.
Questionable Antipsychotic Prescribing Remains Common, Despite Serious Risks
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2010)

DESPITE THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH serious cardiac and metabolic risks, atypicalantipsychoticsare widelyusedoff-labelwithfewdatatosupport their efficacy, according to recent studies probing use of this class of drugs in the United States. Furthermore, physiciansoftendonotfollowthroughonprecautions to reduce these risks. The studies provide new insights on physician prescribing behavior and the effect of warnings aimed at minimizing risks. The findings have raised new concerns about the public health impact and costs of widespread off-label antipsychotic use. Antipsychotic drugs became the topselling drug class in the United States in 2008,edgingoutlipidregulatorsandproton pump inhibitors, according to IMS Health, a company that gathers and analyzesdataonpharmaceuticals.Salesofantipsychotic drugs in 2008 reached $14.6 billion,up from$9.6billion in2004.Antidepressants now rank fifth, with sales of $9.6 billion in 2008. This commercial successsuggeststhatatypicalantipsychotics were being used widely beyond indicationsapprovedbytheUSFoodandDrug Administration(FDA),whichuntil lately werelimitedtoconditionssuchasschizophrenia and bipolar mania. The studies confirm this trend. Researchers speculate that some of the enthusiasm for atypical antipsychotics may have been driven by a perception that these drugs were more effective and had fewer adverse effects than their predecessors. However, a growing body of evidence indicates these drugs are no more effective and are associated with serious risks of their own. Since the period examined in many of the studies, the FDA has expanded some of the indications for these drugs. This, in turn, is likely to drive further
Prognosis for Bronchial Carcinoma
Authors: A. B. Taylor, J. A. H. Waterhouse
Journal: Thorax (1950)

Bronchial carcinoma is a mortal disease, occurring in England and Wales with a real increasing frequency.This paper is based on a study of 1,592 cases from the Cancer Follow-Up Department of the Birmingham United Hospitals from 1936 to 1948, inclusive; on 1,239 pneumonectomies done by English thoracic surgeons; and on the Registrar-General's published figures.The disease occurs among men six times more often than among women, at an average age of 54 years.It lasts an average of 9.9 months, with symptoms for 4.4 months before the diagnosis is made, and death occurs in a further 5.5 months.The early symptoms are often vague, and early diagnosis is occasionally baffling even with all ancillary methods.Pneumonectomy is the treatment of choice, but is quite often not possible.Thus, in 11.4% the first symptoms indicated an extension beyond the lung.The operability rate at thoracotomy is good.Pneumonectomy is developing from the experimental stage and we can now begin to assess results.In England the earlier years of this survey were occupied by war, and pneumonectomies were few.Operative mortality is dropping: deaths within three months of operation are 25.2% ; and within one month, 20%.Detailed study of 313 pneumonectomies gives:Survival for 1 year as 52.7%, , 2 years ,, 33.3% ,, 3 ,, ,, 23.9% ,,,4 ,, ,, 18.7% 5 , ,, 13.7%
Ablation after ICD Implantation — Bridging the Gap between Promise and Practice
Authors: N.A. Mark Estes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Sudden cardiac arrest due to acute ventricular tachyarrhythmia remains the most common cause of death in developed nations and accounts for more than 450,000 deaths annually in the United States.1,2 Most patients who have a sudden cardiac arrest have coronary artery disease and impaired left ventricular function.1,2 Appropriately designed prospective, randomized trials involving such patients after they have had a myocardial infarction have demonstrated a neutral or harmful effect on survival from the use of antiarrhythmic drugs.1 In contrast, studies have consistently demonstrated a survival benefit from the implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (ICD).14 These conclusions have been reached by . . .
Intensive Insulin Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit: Assessment by Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Authors: Christophe De Block, Begoña Manuel-y-Keenoy, Luc Van Gaal, Peter Rogiers
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

IGCs should be understood before considering continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) as a valuable and accurate alternative to track hyperglycemia and adapt insulin therapy.In addition, to use CGM in an optimal way, the device should provide real-time glucose concentrations in order to quickly adjust insulin infusion rates according to ambient glucose levels.This requires initial rather than post hoc calibration.These two key issues deserve further comment.First, the Ͻ3-min lag time between subcutaneous and arterial blood glucose concentrations emphasized by the authors might be questionable in ICU patients.Indeed, such lag time depends on physiological parameters responsible for a different glucose kinetic between interstitium and plasma (2).Such kinetic difference has been shown to lead to spurious hypoglycemia in the general diabetic population (3).Most importantly, in critically ill patients, the kinetics of IGC may be affected by alterations in hydric/ ionic balance, as revealed by the presence of a third compartment and subcutaneous edema and probably by many other factors that are still unknown.Second, the good accuracy of CGM was not assessed when using the device GlucoDay in its most optimal manner.Indeed, real-time glucose levels ideally should be obtained to adjust insulin therapy as rapidly as possible.This objective could only be achieved if the GlucoDay is calibrated 2 h after insertion of the microfiber in the subcutaneous tissue, provided that glucose levels are stable enough.De Block et al. used post hoc calibrations with two or six points.Accuracy was considered as excellent and, as expected, better with the option of more frequent calibrations (4).However, as all calibrations were performed a posteriori taking into account all points together, results of accuracy might be overoptimistic.Whether the results would be as good when using CGM to obtain real-time glucose values, i.e., using a single calibration after 2 h (as recommended by the manufacturer) and adjusting progressively thereafter thanks to later calibrations, remains an open question.
A Spectrum of Bilateral Squamous Conjunctival Tumors Associated with Human Papillomavirus Type 16
Authors: Marl G. Odrich, Frederick A. Jakobiec, Wayne D. Lancaster, Kenneth R. Kenyon, Lisa D. Kelly, Ernest W. Kornmehl, Roger F. Steinert, Arthur S. Grove, John W. Shore, Lucie Gregoire, Daniel M. Albert
Journal: Ophthalmology (1991)
Verifying Intragastric Location of Feeding Catheter
Authors: CAREY P. PAGE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1979Verifying Intragastric Location of Feeding CatheterCAREY P. PAGE, M.D.CAREY P. PAGE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-90-4-723_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In the article "Enteral Hyperalimentation: An Alternative to Central Venous Hyperalimentation" in the January issue (1), I take mild exception to the suggestion that "injection of air through the catheter while listening over the left upper quadrant with a stethoscope" is adequate to verify the proper position of a nasogastric catheter. We routinely confirm the intragastric position of the feeding catheter roentgenographically, just as we confirm the position of a central venous catheter roentgenographically for total parenteral nutrition. This routine has been practiced since 1972 and has on several occasions avoided unnecessary complications by identifying catheters that...Reference1. HEYMSFIELD S, BETHEL R, ANSLEY J, NIXON D, and RUDMAN D: Enteral hyperalimentation: an alternative to central venous hyperalimentation. Ann Intern Med 90:63-71, 1979 LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: CAREY P. PAGE, M.D.Affiliations: Audie L. Murphy Memorial Veterans' Hospital San Antonio, TX 78284 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHazards of Pulmonary-Artery Catheterization 1 April 1979Volume 90, Issue 4Page: 723-723KeywordsCathetersTotal parenteral nutrition ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...