tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 50: An informatic approach to rational selection of cell lines modeling complex clinicopathologic phenotypes based on gene expression: The COXEN algorithm
Authors: Steven C. Smith, Dan Theodorescu
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract A perennial issue in biomedical research regards validation of the relevance of experimentally tractable model systems to disease characteristics of interest. In the study of many types of cancer, this often operationally means selection of a cell line or a number of cell line models for perturbation within in vitro or in vivo models of disease progression or treatment. However, many classic cell lines are of uncertain provenance, may have been isolated from tumors staged and graded decades ago in a fashion of limited interpretability with regards to current care, or have exhibited drifting phenotypes in intervening years. One example is that of the classic bladder cancer cell line, T24, isolated from a sample of “verified grade III papillomatosis of the bladder” in 1973, which has given rise to isogenically verified metastatic variants like T24T (1). We recently have reported an algorithm, called COXEN (COeXpression ExtrapolatioN), which uses concordant gene expression signatures of complex clinicopathologic phenotypes to infer interpretable and predictable relationships between disparate cell line and tumor populations, despite significantly different global transcriptional differences. While prior reports have used COXEN to predict chemotherapeutic response in clinical trials a priori based on signatures from cell lines (2,3), herein we report an application of the reverse analysis, using signatures of clinicopathologic characteristics in tumors including invasion, nodal metastasis, and poor survival to select from a panel of forty bladder cancer cell lines models reflecting with highest fidelity the transcriptional patterns underlying the parameter of interest. We find that this approach validates some cell line model systems of bladder cancer and proposes new uses for others. This approach, widely adaptable to other tumor histologies, may provide important guidance for selection of appropriate models to test therapies targeted at clinically important phenotypes. (1) Harding MA et al. Cancer Res 2002. (2) Lee JK et al. PNAS 2007. (3) Williams et al. Cancer Res 2009. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 50. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-50
Long-Term Follow-Up Evaluation of Blood Glucose Awareness Training
Authors: Daniel J Cox, Linda Gonder-Frederick, Diana M Julian, William Clarke
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE Blood glucose awareness training (BGAT) has been found effective in teaching individuals with insulin-requiring diabetes to improve their ability to better recognize blood glucose (BG) fluctuations. This study investigated whether subjects who underwent BGAT a mean of 4.9 years previously were superior to past control subjects in terms of their ability to recognize BG fluctuations, and whether past BGAT subjects had fewer automobile crashes and lost work days and better glycosylated hemoglobin than control subjects. Additionally, the beneficial effects of providing booster training to past BGAT subjects also was evaluated. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study followed up 28 past BGAT subjects. Half of these subjects (n = 14) received a simple booster-training program. Twelve previous control subjects also were evaluated. Booster subjects were given a BGAT diary to complete for 2 weeks before evaluation. Evaluation for all subjects included completion of a retrospective questionnaire on work and driving history, blood drawing for a glycosylated hemoglobin analysis, and having subjects estimate and measure their BG levels 50–80 times during a 3- to 4-week period during their daily routine. RESULTS At long-term follow-up, BGAT subjects had significantly fewer automobile crashes than control subjects. BGAT subjects receiving booster training were significantly more accurate at estimating their BG levels and were more aware of hypoglycemia. Post hoc analyses indicated that the ability to accurately estimate BG fluctuations correlated positively with follow-up glycosylated hemoglobin and the number of hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic symptoms participants demonstrated.Both BGAT and control subjects demonstrated significantly improved glycosylated hemoglobin relative to baseline measures. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that BGAT has long-term benefits, which can be enhanced with booster training. Specifically, BGAT and simple booster training may result in reduction of severe hypoglycemic episodes and automobile crashes in the long term.
Lymphodepletion followed by donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) causes significantly more acute graft-versus-host disease than DLI alone
Authors: Jeffrey S. Miller, Daniel J. Weisdorf, Linda J. Burns, Arne Slungaard, John E. Wagner, Michael R. Verneris, Sarah Cooley, Rosanna Wangen, Susan K. Fautsch, Roby Nicklow, Todd DeFor, Bruce R. Blazar
Journal: Blood (2007)
Antibiotic treatment is associated with reduced risk of a subsequent exacerbation in obstructive lung disease: an historical population based cohort study
Authors: B M Roede, P Bresser, P J E Bindels, A Kok, M Prins, G t. Riet, R B Geskus, R M C Herings, J M Prins
Journal: Thorax (2008)

<h3>Objectives:</h3> The risk of a subsequent exacerbation after treatment of an exacerbation with oral corticosteroids without (OS) or with (OSA) antibiotics was evaluated in a historical population based cohort study comprising patients using maintenance medication for obstructive lung disease. <h3>Methods:</h3> The Pharmo database includes drug dispensing records of more than 2 million subjects in The Netherlands. Eligible were patients ⩾50 years who in 2003 were dispensed ⩾2 prescriptions of daily used inhaled β<sub>2</sub> agonists, anticholinergics and/or corticosteroids, and experienced at least one exacerbation before 1 January 2006. Exacerbation was defined as a prescription of OS or OSA. The times to the second and third exacerbations were compared using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Independent determinants of new exacerbations were identified using multivariable Cox recurrent event survival analysis. <h3>Results:</h3> Of 49 599 patients using maintenance medication, 18 928 had at least one exacerbation; in 52%, antibiotics had been added. The OS and OSA groups were comparable for potential confounding factors. Median time to the second exacerbation was 321 days in the OS group and 418 days in the OSA group (p&lt;0.001); and between the second and third exacerbation 127 vs 240 days (p&lt;0.001). The protective effect of OSA was most pronounced during the first 3 months following treatment (hazard ratio (HR) 0.62; 99% CI 0.60 to 0.65). In the OSA group, mortality during follow-up was lower (HR 0.82; 99% CI 0.66 to 0.98). <h3>Conclusion:</h3> Treatment with antibiotics in addition to oral corticosteroids was associated with a longer time to the next exacerbation, and a decreased risk of developing a new exacerbation.
Postoperative Deterioration in Psychomotor Function
Authors: Hannibal Edwards
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To help understand the postoperative fatigue state, psychomotor performance before and after surgical procedures or bed rest has been analyzed. Forty subjects in three groups were studied during test periods ranging from five to 21 days. Patients undergoing routine elective operations as well as subjects at bed rest alone experienced substantial impairment in several measures of psychomotor performance. Maximum deterioration was noted on postoperative days 4 and 5. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:1342-1343)
Home Dialysis and the Costs of Uremia
Authors: Drummond Rennie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

Two Special Articles in this issue focus on the federal program for the treatment of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) — a subject that exemplifies almost all the kinds of problems we will have to solve if we are ever successfully to provide comprehensive national health insurance for catastrophic illness.Just before the 1972 elections, when Social Security benefits were being increased, the Senate abruptly voted to incorporate Section 2991 into Public Law 92–603 (originally known as "HR 1"), thus extending Medicare coverage for chronic renal failure to almost the entire population of the United States. Less than half an hour . . .
REGULATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM BY SYNTHETIC POLYNUCLEOTIDES
Authors: Herbert G. Johnson, Arthur G. Johnson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

Incubation of antigen with normal mouse peritoneal exudate cells in vitro and subsequent reinjection of the washed cells into syngeneic mice resulted in increased antibody titers as compared to mice injected with antigen alone. Several of the variables influencing this system were studied with and without the stimulus of complex homoribopolynucleotides (poly A:U or poly I:C) as adjuvants to determine the cellular site of action of the latter. It was found that addition of poly A:U or poly I:C caused a further rise in circulating antibody levels which correlated with increased RNA synthesis, suggesting that the macrophage was one cell affected by this adjuvant. Actinomycin D was found to inhibit the rise in titer induced by PEC and this inhibition could be overcome by poly A:U. Injection of the polynucleotides 18 hr before antigen resulted in depression of circulating antibody levels, and poly A:U or poly I:C injected 18 hr before harvesting PEC and incubation with antigen also inhibited the capacity of the PEC to increase antibody levels. A 4S RNA-rich fraction was purified after treatment with phenol of PEC exposed to antigen in vitro, and under the stimulus of poly A:U this RNA was capable of inducing specific antibody titers and rosette-forming cells on injection into mice. Antigen contamination of Pronase-treated RNA, active biologically, was below 10(-11) g as determined isotopically.
The brain is not an isolated “black box,” nor is its goal to become one
Authors: Tom Froese, Takashi Ikegami
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract In important ways, Clark's “hierarchical prediction machine” (HPM) approach parallels the research agenda we have been pursuing. Nevertheless, we remain unconvinced that the HPM offers the best clue yet to the shape of a unified science of mind and action. The apparent convergence of research interests is offset by a profound divergence of theoretical starting points and ideal goals.
[266] HDAC10 PROMOTER POLYMORPHISM ASSOCIATED WITH THE HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA OCCURRENCE AMONG CHRONIC HEPATITIS B PATIENTS
Authors: Y.J. Kim, B.L. Park, H.S. Cheong, S.O. Lee, C.S. Han, H.D. Shin, W. Kim, T.H. Yoon, H.S. Lee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Cognitive behaviour therapy and exercise are the only effective treatments for chronic fatigue, says study
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Cognitive behaviour therapy and graded exercise are the only treatments that have proved to be effective for chronic fatigue syndrome and myalgic encephalomyelitis, say researchers.

There is insufficient evidence that all the other treatments often used in patients with chronic fatigue—including immunological and antiviral therapy, drugs (antidepressants, corticosteroids, anticholinergic agents), and homoeopathy—work, says the review of evidence carried out by the NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination at the University of York.

But the review says that it is unclear whether combining …
Spinal cord disease due to Schistosoma mansoni successfully treated with oxamniquine.
Authors: J Efthimiou, D Denning
Journal: BMJ (1984)

and expressed as the mean of a seven point profile obtained over 18 hours before and onec a week during the eight week period.Glycosylated haemo- globin (HbAL) was measured by a commercial column method (Bio-Rad Laboratories) at the beginning and end of the study.After dietary treatment the mean glycosylated haemoglobin of the patients fell from 12-1 (SD 38)% to 93 (1.1)% (p<001) (controls 70 (05)%).The mean capillary glucose concentration similarly fell from 8-6 (0 8) mmol/l to 6-4 (0 4) mmol (p < 0-01).The figure shows the urinary albumin excretion during the same period.At diagnosis the mean excretion rate was higher in 50 L0 ~~~~** 40 30 At diagnosis 20-4.weeks Patients E T , E 8 weeks 10 7-0 .2Mean albumin excretion rates before and after exeroise in 10 newly diagnosed non-insulin dependent diabetics before (at diagnosis) and four and eight weeks after the introduction of dietary treatment, and in seven controls (**= p < 0 01).diabetics and the response to exercise statistically highly significant.With dietary treatment (and lowering of capillary glucose concentration and glycosylation index) the response of albuminuria to exercise fell progressively to zero, although the basal excretion rate remained unchanged.
Charles Hastings Wine Club
Authors: G. Dowler
Journal: BMJ (1970)

In order to determine whether prednisolone-induced hepatic changes were a physiological reaction, or whether they constituted injury, B.S.P. test was done on control and treated (single 6-25 mg.intramuscular dose of prednisolone acetate) rabbits.Three dose-time schedules were tried.In Group I (4 controls and 3 treated), given 5 mg.B.S.P./kg.body weight, no differences were found in the levels of dye retention at 30 minutes between 2 subgroups.In Group II (6 controls and 7 treated), given 25 mg.B.S.P./kg.body weight, again no clear-cut differences were found in the levels of dye retention at 30 minutes between 2 subgroups.However, in Group III (6 controls, 8 treated), given 25 mg.B.S.P./kg.body weight, there was a striking difference in the levels of dye retention at 15-minute interval between normal and treated animals.B.S.P. Retention Before and After Prednisolone
INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND COMPARISON BETWEEN CAUCASIAN AND ASIAN LEFT MAIN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Reni Rusinova, Akiko Maehara, Gary S. Mintz, So-Yeon Choi, Hiroshi Araki, Diaa Hakim, Elias Sanidas, Giora Weisz, Roxana Mehran, Theresa Franklin-Bond, Martin Fahy, Martin B. Leon, Gregg W. Stone, Jeffery W. Moses, Seung Jea Tahk, Masahiko Ochiai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Critical Lessons From the ENHANCE Trial
Authors: Philip Greenland, Donald Lloyd-Jones
Journal: JAMA (2008)

THE UNUSUAL RELEASE ON JANUARY 14, 2008, IN THE news media and on a drug company Web site, of a portion of the Effect of Ezetimibe Plus Simvastatin Versus Simvastatin Alone on Atherosclerosis in the Carotid Artery (ENHANCE) trial data resulted in numerous articles and commentaries in the lay media. The availability of only fragmentary information created massive confusion and raised many more questions than answers for patients, physicians, pharmaceutical companies, and regulators. A full report of the ENHANCE trial in a peerreviewed medical journal is not expected for months, and the first public presentation of the study’s findings in a medical setting will not occur before late March 2008. The purpose of this Commentary is to review key features of the ENHANCE study and to point to lessons that should be learned by drug companies, clinical researchers, clinicians, and health agencies from this unfortunate medical research experience.
Childhood linear IgA disease in association with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
Authors: C.S.M. Wong, P.D. Arkwright, F. rieux-laucat, A.J. Cant, R.F. Stevens, M.R. Judge
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

A child is described who had the signs of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome from an early age and later developed a blistering dermatosis that was shown to be childhood linear IgA disease.
Bacteremia Following Operative Endoscopy of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: J. Sontheimer, R. Salm, G. Friedrich, J. v. Wahlert, K. Pelz
Journal: Endoscopy (1991)

The rate of bactaeremia following surgical endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract is reported with up to 50% depending on the therapeutic measure performed. In a prospective study we examined 160 patients treated by surgical endoscopy of the upper digestive tract. The rate of bactaeremia showed a significant difference with 12.5% after diagnostic and 28.96% after surgical endoscopy. Our results recommend a single shot antibiotic prophylaxis depending on the endoscopic measure performed and the patient's individual risk.
Within-Home versus Between-Home Variability of House Dust Endotoxin in a Birth Cohort
Authors: Joseph H. Abraham, Diane R. Gold, Douglas W. Dockery, Louise Ryan, Ju-Hyeong Park, Donald K. Milton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Endotoxin exposure has been proposed as an environmental determinant of allergen responses in children. To better understand the implications of using a single measurement of house dust endotoxin to characterize exposure in the first year of life, we evaluated room-specific within-home and between-home variability in dust endotoxin obtained from 470 households in Boston, Massachusetts. Homes were sampled up to two times over 5-11 months. We analyzed 1,287 dust samples from the kitchen, family room, and baby's bedroom for endotoxin. We fit a mixed-effects model to estimate mean levels and the variation of endotoxin between homes, between rooms, and between sampling times. Endotoxin ranged from 2 to 1,945 units per milligram of dust. Levels were highest during summer and lowest in the winter. Mean endotoxin levels varied significantly from room to room. Cross-sectionally, endotoxin was moderately correlated between family room and bedroom floor (r = 0.30), between family room and kitchen (r = 0.32), and between kitchen and bedroom (r = 0.42). Adjusting for season, the correlation of endotoxin levels within homes over time was 0.65 for both the bedroom and kitchen and 0.54 for the family room. The temporal within-home variance of endotoxin was lowest for bedroom floor samples and highest for kitchen samples. Between-home variance was lowest in the family room and highest for kitchen samples. Adjusting for season, within-home variation was less than between-home variation for all three rooms. These results suggest that room-to-room and home-to-home differences in endotoxin influence the total variability more than factors affecting endotoxin levels within a room over time.
Malignant Melanoma Metastatic to the Stomach: Endoscopic Diagnosis and Findings
Authors: S. Morini, O. Bassi, V. Colavolpe
Journal: Endoscopy (1980)

A case of melanoma metastatic to the stomach, first diagnosed by direct biopsy is reported. The endoscopic and morphologic features of the metastatic lesions are described, together with evolutive aspects noted during follow up.
Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis in Massachusetts in 1955
Authors: William D. Winter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

THE virus of eastern equine encephalomyelitis, on invasion of the human central nervous system, can result in an acute febrile illness, with rapid development of coma and convulsions, that is frequently fatal, occasionally allows survival with permanent brain damage, or less often subsides, with complete recovery.This agent was first demonstrated to be pathogenic for man in the course of an epidemic of 38 cases in eastern Massachusetts in the late summer and autumn of 1938.1 2 3 During the next ten years small groups of cases were recognized in coastal regions of Texas and Louisiana,4 5 6 and in 1948–49 a circumscribed epidemic . . .
Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia with Tegretol
Authors: K. W. G. Heathfield, D. G. Colin-Jones
Journal: BMJ (1966)

BRImTsH 481 and Wales.The figures for Scotland were not 553 but 2,188-four to five times the admission rate for England and Wales per 1,000 population.Almost without exception my patients come from the Celtic fringe of our civilization, and if other hospitals in England have the same experience then it is clear that some research into the origins of this problem ought to be going on.Do these patients possess genes which facilitate addic- tion to alcohol or are they conditioned to it at an impressionable age ?-I am, etc., Cane Hill Hospital, JOHN T.
Further Conquest of the Meningococcus
Authors: Martha L. Lepow, Ronald Gold
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Meningococcal disease has a yearly incidence of several thousand cases in the United States, with a peak age incidence and mortality in infants less than one year of age. During epidemics, however, more than half the cases will occur in persons over two years of age. Although most epidemics have been caused by Group A strains, during the past few years wide-spread epidemics due to Group C meningococci have occurred in Brazil and Africa.In the 1930's efforts were under way to develop a vaccine to control meningococcal disease. Group-specific capsular polysaccharides were isolated in pure form, but did not . . .
F-box protein FBXW7 inhibits cancer metastasis in a non-cell-autonomous manner
Authors: Kanae Yumimoto, Sayuri Akiyoshi, Hiroki Ueo, Yasuaki Sagara, Ichiro Onoyama, Hiroaki Ueo, Shinji Ohno, Masaki Mori, Koshi Mimori, Keiichi I. Nakayama
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2015)

The gene encoding F-box protein FBXW7 is frequently mutated in many human cancers. Although most previous studies have focused on the tumor-suppressive capacity of FBXW7 in tumor cells themselves, we determined that FBXW7 in the host microenvironment also suppresses cancer metastasis. Deletion of Fbxw7 in murine BM-derived stromal cells induced accumulation of NOTCH and consequent transcriptional activation of Ccl2. FBXW7-deficient mice exhibited increased serum levels of the chemokine CCL2, which resulted in the recruitment of both monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells and macrophages, thereby promoting metastatic tumor growth. Administration of a CCL2 receptor antagonist blocked the enhancement of metastasis in FBXW7-deficient mice. Furthermore, in human breast cancer patients, FBXW7 expression in peripheral blood was associated with serum CCL2 concentration and disease prognosis. Together, these results suggest that FBXW7 antagonizes cancer development in not only a cell-autonomous manner, but also a non-cell-autonomous manner, and that modulation of the FBXW7/NOTCH/CCL2 axis may provide a potential approach to suppression of cancer metastasis.
THE FERMENTS OF MILK AND THEIR RELATION TO PASTEURIZATION.
Authors: ROWLAND G. FREEMAN
Journal: JAMA (1907)

equipped chemical laboratory in the Association's head- quarters, with practical chemists in charge, have been made possible because the Association has the means to support these enterprises.Another important factor is The Journal of the American Medical Association, which, with its immense circulation, makes it possible to carry the propaganda for better things to over 50,000 of the representative physicians of the United States every week.
So many problems, so little time: Evolution and the dendrite
Authors: Barbara L. Finlay
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

The multiple levels of analysis that Quartz &amp; Sejnowski (Q&amp;S) bring to bear on the phenomenon of activity-driven dendritic growth show the tight linkage of explanations from the cellular to the cognitive level. To show how multiple control regimes can intersect at the same site, I further elaborate an example of a developmental problem solved at the axodendritic connection: that of population matching.