tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
GMC case against Wakefield's colleague was "superficial," says appeal
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The General Medical Council panel that found Andrew Wakefield’s colleague John Walker-Smith guilty of serious professional misconduct and struck him off the medical register in 2010 was dealing with a task that was “beyond it,” his barrister told the High Court in London this week.

Stephen Miller QC told Mr Justice Mitting at the start of a two week appeal hearing that the panel ignored evidence that paediatric gastroenterologists at the Royal Free Hospital in London, headed by Professor Walker-Smith, were carrying out investigations that were clinically indicated and undertaken for the purposes of diagnosis and treatment and not for a research project.

Professor Walker-Smith, who retired in 2000, was one of …
Tetanus and the Institutionalized Elderly-Reply
Authors: Patrick Irvine
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We did not comment in our recent article about tetanus immunization for the institutionalized elderly, because we endorse the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices' (ACIP) position that "[tetanus] immunization is a universal necessity."<sup>1</sup> No specific information about the incidence of tetanus in nursing home residents is available from national epidemiologic data. Attempts to estimate the occurrence of this disease in nursing homes by extrapolation from incidence data are likely to be inaccurate, because they ignore qualitative differences between the health of nursing home residents and the general population. For example, infection of chronic skin ulcerations and gangrenous extremities—conditions surely more common in nursing home residents—accounted for 5% of cases of tetanus in one recent study.<sup>2</sup> We do not believe that the relatively low incidence of tetanus can appropriately be used in formulations designed to assess the cost-effectiveness of immunization. Cost-benefit studies are both inaccurate and difficult
Outpatient Surgery of the Skin
Authors: Philip C. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1984)

A strong trend prevails to move most minor cutaneous surgery off the hospital inpatient service, away from the overcrowded operating room schedule, and into the outpatient clinic, where the same quality of care can be maintained at a vastly lower cost. These expert contributors, both plastic surgeons and dermatologists, mostly from the New Orleans medical schools, have taught and advocated reliance on outpatient surgery for decades. This short textbook is a detailed exposition of their surgical methods and their concerns to maintain quality.  Having opened the issue of outpatient surgery, the authors seem hesitant to argue overall costs, to build the persuasive cases for the superiority of outpatient surgery, or to note its success in the medical systems of most other nations. The writers are practical-minded, concerned with the traditional, well-accepted standards of care. They furnish all the necessary equipment lists and algorithms, and they supply large diagrams, drawings, or
Biodistributions, Myelosuppression, and Toxicities in Mice Treated with an Anti-CD45 Antibody Labeled with the α-Emitting Radionuclides Bismuth-213 or Astatine-211
Authors: Hirohisa Nakamae, D. Scott Wilbur, Donald K. Hamlin, Monica S. Thakar, Erlinda B. Santos, Darrell R. Fisher, Aimee L. Kenoyer, John M. Pagel, Oliver W. Press, Rainer Storb, Brenda M. Sandmaier
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

We previously investigated the potential of targeted radiotherapy using a bismuth-213 ((213)Bi)-labeled anti-CD45 antibody to replace total body irradiation as conditioning for hematopoietic cell transplantation in a canine model. Although this approach allowed sustained marrow engraftment, limited availability, high cost, and short half-life of (213)Bi induced us to investigate an alternative alpha-emitting radionuclide, astatine-211 ((211)At), for the same application. Biodistribution and toxicity studies were conducted with conjugates of the anti-murine CD45 antibody 30F11 with either (213)Bi or (211)At. Mice were injected with 2 to 50 muCi on 10 microg or 20 muCi on 2 or 40 microg of 30F11 conjugate. Biodistribution studies showed that the spleen contained the highest concentration of radioactivity, ranging from 167 +/- 23% to 417 +/- 109% injected dose/gram (% ID/g) after injection of the (211)At conjugate and 45 +/- 9% to 166 +/- 11% ID/g after injection of the (213)Bi conjugate. The higher concentrations observed for (211)At-labeled 30F11 were due to its longer half-life, which permitted better localization of isotope to the spleen before decay. (211)At was more effective at producing myelosuppression for the same quantity of injected radioactivity. All mice injected with 20 or 50 muCi (211)At, but none with the same quantities of (213)Bi, had lethal myeloablation. Severe reversible acute hepatic toxicity occurred with 50 muCi (213)Bi, but not with lower doses of (213)Bi or with any dose of (211)At. No renal toxicity occurred with either radionuclide. The data suggest that smaller quantities of (211)At-labeled anti-CD45 antibody are sufficient to achieve myelosuppression and myeloablation with less nonhematologic toxicity compared with (213)Bi-labeled antibody.
THE NEW SURGICAL SPLINTING.
Authors: EDWARD A. TRACY
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Two years ago at the Milwaukee meeting of theAssociation, I had the honor to read a short paper entitled "A New Material for Surgical Splints and Spinal Jackets, with a Method for Applying It." A few months later I read before the Pan-American Medical Congress held in Washington, a paper entitled " A Brief Splint-Technology for Surgeons," in which has been outlined a scientific system of surgical splinting. As a small contribution to the filling in of this outline I shall present to-day four new splint forms and report cases illustrating their use. Before presenting them to your consideration, permit me to speak for a moment of the material used in their construction. It is composed of crushed wood-fiber, rolled in a rugose fashion, and in which a fabric is incorporated during the rolling process. The material is the result of original experimental work, having for its object the attainment
Book: Limeys: The True Story of One Man's War against Ignorance, the Establishment and the Deadly Scurvy
Authors: D. Burch
Journal: BMJ (2002)

David I Harvie Sutton Publishing, £14.99, pp 314 ISBN: 0750927720 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> The history of scurvy is a lesson to the world on the dangers of observation without proper experiment. There were many untested treatments, including being buried up to one's neck in the ground or using a urine mouthwash. Yet as early as 1747 James Lind, a navy doctor, conducted a trial in which he gave different treatments to six pairs of mariners with scurvy. Only the two given citrus fruit improved. While Lind (who was not the first to think fruit … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
A Computerized Reminder System to Increase the Use of Preventive Care for Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Paul R. Dexter, Susan Perkins, J. Marc Overhage, Kati Maharry, Richard B. Kohler, Clement J. McDonald
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Although they are effective in outpatient settings, computerized reminders have not been proved to increase preventive care in inpatient settings.
Determinants for the Effectiveness of Lifestyle Intervention in the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study
Authors: Matthias B. Schulze
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

Lindstrom et al. (1) report from the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study (DPS) that the Finnish Type 2 Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) is useful for identifying individuals in need of lifestyle intervention. Surprisingly, 61% of participants of the DPS, all of whom were overweight and had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), were not at high risk based on FINDRISC. Lindstrom et al. argue that participants with low FINDRISC scores had a relatively low risk of progressing to diabetes (1). However, the incidence rates in the control group (4–5 per 100 person-years) clearly suggest otherwise. The discrepancy between oral glucose tolerance test scores and FINDRISC might be explainable in part by the differing predictive abilities of both. Lindstrom et al. …
Time requirements and health effects of participation in colorectal cancer screening with colonoscopy or computed tomography colonography in a randomized controlled trial
Authors: L. van Dam, T. de Wijkerslooth, M. de Haan, E. Stoop, P. Bossuyt, P. Fockens, M. Thomeer, E. Kuipers, M. van Leerdam, M. van Ballegooijen, J. Stoker, E. Dekker, E. Steyerberg
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Time limitations and unwanted health effects may act as barriers to participation in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. The aim of the study was to measure the time requirements and health effects of colonoscopy and computed tomography colonography (CTC) screening. <b>Patients and methods:</b> This was a prospective diary study in a consecutive sample within a randomized controlled CRC screening trial, comparing primary colonoscopy and CTC screening for average-risk individuals aged 50 – 74 years. The diary ended when all screening-related complaints had passed. <b>Results:</b> The diary was returned by 75 % (241/322) of colonoscopy and 75 % (127/170) of CTC screenees. The median interval between leaving home and returning from the examination was longer for colonoscopy (4 hours and 18 minutes [4:18], interquartile range [IQR] 3:30 – 5:00) than for CTC (2:30 hours, IQR 2:06 – 3:00; <i>P</i> < 0.001). Similarly, the time to return to routine activities was longer after colonoscopy (3:54 hours, IQR 1:48 – 15:00) than after CTC (1:36 hours, IQR 0:54 – 4:42). The duration of screening-related symptoms after the examination was shorter for colonoscopy (11:00 hours, IQR 2:54 – 20:00) than for CTC (22:00 hours; IQR 5:30 – 47:00; <i>P</i> < 0.001). Abdominal complaints were reported more frequently after CTC. Anxiety, pain, and quality of life worsened during the screening process, with no differences between the two examinations. <b>Conclusions:</b> Compared with colonoscopy, CTC screening required less time and allowed screenees to return to their daily activities more quickly. In contrast, CTC was associated with a twofold longer duration of screening-related symptoms. Feelings of anxiety, pain, and quality of life scores were similar during colonoscopy and CTC screening. These results should be incorporated into cost-effectiveness analyses of CRC screening techniques.
Molecular Assays for Chromosomal Translocations in the Diagnosis of Pediatric Soft Tissue Sarcomas
Authors: Frederic G. Barr
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To compare molecular assays for characteristic chromosomal translocations with standard histopathologic and cytogenetic analysis in the differential diagnosis of pediatric soft tissue sarcomas. <h3>Design.</h3> —Blinded comparison with histopathologic diagnosis. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Tertiary care children's hospital. <h3>Patients.</h3> —A total of 79 soft tissue sarcoma patients with frozen tumor tissue and histopathologic slides available for review. <h3>Methods.</h3> —The RNA from the tumors was assayed by the reverse transcriptase—polymerase chain reaction. These assays detect PAX3-FKHR and PAX7-FKHR chimeric transcripts in alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, EWS-FLI1 and EWS-ERG chimeric transcripts in Ewing's sarcoma, and EWS-WT1 chimeric transcripts in desmoplastic small round cell tumor. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —The polymerase chain reaction findings were compared with cytogenetic and histopathologic results. <h3>Results.</h3> —These assays detected chimeric transcripts in all cases in which translocations were found by standard cytogenetics as well as additional cases without cytogenetically detectable translocations. PAX3-FKHR or PAX7-FKHR fusions were present in 18 of 21 alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas, two of 30 embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas, and one of seven undifferentiated sarcomas. EWS-FLI1 or EWS-ERG fusions were detected in six of eight Ewing's sarcomas and one of seven undifferentiated sarcomas. The EWS-WT1 fusion was found in three of three desmoplastic small round cell tumors. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Molecular assays for specific gene fusions provide a genetic approach to the differential diagnosis of soft tissue sarcomas. The genetic categories correspond closely to the standard histopathologic categories. The polymerase chain reaction assays for chimeric transcripts are useful tools for the rapid and objective assessment of pediatric soft tissue sarcomas. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1995;273:553-557)
THE RELATION OF EXCESSIVE GASTRIC ACIDITY TO GASTRIC SYMPTOMS.
Authors: J. DUTTON STEELE
Journal: JAMA (1906)

It is a well-established fact that symptoms of gastric irritation similar to those of hyperacidity may occur not only when the acid of the gastric secretion is excessive, but often when it is normal or subnormal. Stockton<sup>1</sup>pointed this out in a paper read before this Association, in 1902, and explained the condition by assuming that there was a hyperesthesia of the gastric mucous membrane which caused it to be intolerant, not only of abnormally large amounts of acid, but often of a normal or subnormal amount, or, as he put it, persons without an excess of acid had symptoms of hyperacidity. My object in presenting this communication is to confirm Stockton's observations and I propose going a step farther to show that excess of acid alone is not capable of producing the symptoms of gastric irritation seen in so-called hyperacidity. There must be some other condition present which
The “Meaningful Use” Regulation for Electronic Health Records
Authors: David Blumenthal, Marilyn Tavenner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

The widespread use of electronic health records (EHRs) in the United States is inevitable. EHRs will improve caregivers' decisions and patients' outcomes. Once patients experience the benefits of this technology, they will demand nothing less from their providers. Hundreds of thousands of physicians have already seen these benefits in their clinical practice.But inevitability does not mean easy transition. We have years of professional agreement and bipartisan consensus regarding the potential value of EHRs. Yet we have not moved significantly to extend the availability of EHRs from a few large institutions to the smaller clinics and practices where most Americans . . .
Heat of the Night
Authors: John Savoie
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Virotherapy with a Type 2 Herpes Simplex Virus–Derived Oncolytic Virus Induces Potent Antitumor Immunity against Neuroblastoma
Authors: Hongtao Li, Aurelie Dutuor, Lihua Tao, Xinping Fu, Xiaoliu Zhang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Purpose: We recently constructed an oncolytic virus from type 2 herpes simplex virus (HSV-2) that selectively targets and kills tumor cells with an activated Ras signaling pathway. Designated FusOn-H2, this virus has shown several discrete killing mechanisms. Here, we evaluated the antitumor immune responses after FusOn-H2–mediated virotherapy in a syngeneic murine neuroblastoma model. Experimental Design: We directly injected FusOn-H2 into established tumors and then measured its antitumor effect and the accompanying tumor-specific immune responses. Several oncolytic HSVs constructed from HSV-1 were included in the same experiments for comparisons. Results: Our data show that tumor destruction by FusOn-H2 in vivo induces potent antitumor immune responses in this syngeneic neuroblastoma model. The elicited cellular immunity not only eradicated neuroblastoma cells in vitro but also inhibited the growth of tumors at sites distant from the virus injection site. Moreover, adoptive transfer of splenocytes from mice receiving virotherapy to naïve mice resulted in a measurable antitumor effect. Conclusion: We conclude that the ability of FusOn-H2 to induce tumor-specific cellular immunity expands the oncolytic repertoire of this virus and increases the likelihood that its use in patients would produce significant therapeutic benefits.
Suicides in Men With IPPM
Authors: Kirsten O Kyvik, Elsebeth N Stenager, Anders Green, Anders Svendsen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the occurrence of suicide in men with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A cohort of all Danish men born between 1949 and 1964 (including 1964) who were diagnosed with IDDM before age 20 (n = 1,682) was ascertained earlier. Follow-up from diagnosis to death or 1 January 1991 was based on record linkage with the Danish Civil Registration System and was supplemented with information from death certificates obtained from the Danish National Registry of Deaths. From published vital statistics, cause-specific standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), adjusted for age and calendar time, were calculated. RESULTS Among the 168 deaths recorded during follow-up, 15 took place in connection with the onset of IDDM and have been excluded. Of the remaining 153 deaths, 12 were officially classified as suicides (SMR 12/7.48 = 1.6, 0.05 &amp;lt; P &amp;lt; 0.1); as for the age-group of 20-24 years, SMR was 2.98, P &amp;lt; 0.05. Furthermore, all deaths officially classified as attributable to unknown causes (n = 28) and accidents (n = 22) were reviewed with respect to unrecognized suicides; as for deaths of unknown causes, three could be reclassified as probable suicides and two as possible suicides, whereas one of the deaths caused by accident could be reclassified as possible suicide. CONCLUSIONS Young men with IDDM may confer a higher risk of suicide than expected. Furthermore, suicide may represent an underestimated cause of death among patients with IDDM.
Body Surface Area Teaching in Pediatrics
Authors: Harry C. Shirkey
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Much literature has appeared in recent years on the subject of body surface area (BSA).<sup>1-8</sup>In spite of the fact that various textbooks and brochures present drug dosage in terms of BSA, there has been, to our knowledge, no considered attempt to learn how widely the subject is being taught in medical schools. In the opinion of the authors, use of BSA as a gauge for dosage, both of pharmaceutical products and of water and electrolytes, offers the advantages of simplicity and accuracy, and, therefore, efficacy and safety. Use of BSA does not, of course, involve a principle basically different from that employed in the use of body weight. Rather, it represents a rational convenience that makes it far easier for the physician to remember doses, is particularly useful in the case of frequently used drugs, and through its very simplicity helps avoid error. We conducted
TUBERCULOSIS AMONG EMPLOYEES OF THE MINNEAPOLIS SCHOOLS
Authors: FRANCIS E. HARRINGTON
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Throughout the nation, school boards are contemplating the issuance of orders to the effect that all teachers and employees of school systems be adequately examined for tuberculosis. In a good many places, such orders have already been issued and the work is in progress. Every physician is interested in the health of the children of this country, even though he may practice a specialty remote from pediatrics. It is probable that during the next five years nearly every physician in this country will be called on to take a part in actual examination of teachers and children for tuberculosis or will be consulted by parents and others concerning the advisability of or information regarding such examinations. Health laws and regulations provide for examinations in several places, such as the following from one state: Section 5384. Teachers, pupils, etc. Certificate: No teacher, pupil or employee about a school building who is
Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: Carlo Salvarani, Fabrizio Cantini, Gene G Hunder
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1978)

Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant-cell arteritis are closely related disorders that affect people of middle age and older. They frequently occur together. Both are syndromes of unknown cause, but genetic and environmental factors might have a role in their pathogenesis. The symptoms of polymyalgia rheumatica seem to be related to synovitis of proximal joints and extra-articular synovial structures. Giant-cell arteritis primarily affects the aorta and its extracranial branches. The clinical findings in giant-cell arteritis are broad, but commonly include visual loss, headache, scalp tenderness, jaw claudication, cerebrovascular accidents, aortic arch syndrome, thoracic aorta aneurysm, and dissection. Glucocorticosteroids are the cornerstone of treatment of both polymyalgia rheumatica and giant-cell arteritis. Some patients have a chronic course and might need glucocorticosteroids for several years. Adverse events of glucocorticosteroids affect more than 50% of patients. Trials of steroid-sparing drugs have yielded conflicting results. A greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis should provide new targets for therapy.
OSMOLOGY AND PHARMACODYNAMICS.
Authors: HEINRICH STERN
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Osmology is usually defined as the science treating of the osmotic states of the body fluids. However, as the osmotic processes in a liquid in a great measure reflect also its other physical conditions, this fact should be embraced in an adequate definition. Osmology, hence, may be spoken of as the knowledge concerning the physical conditions of and in the body fluids. This broader conception is adhered to throughout this paper. The health of an organism depends on the existence and maintenance of its osmotic equilibrium. By osmotic equilibrium I understand that inter-relation of the physical conditions of the various body fluids—molecular concentration, osmotic concentration,<sup>1</sup>tension and dissociation—which is essential for the normal performance of the vital processes. This inter-relation does not consist in the equality, but in the physiologic dissimilarity of the osmotic conditions in the different fluids. In certain pathologic states, the fluids