tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Correlations between skin prick tests using commercial extracts and fresh foods, specific IgE, and food challenges
Authors: F. Rancé, A. Juchet, F. Brémont, G. Dutau
Journal: Allergy (1997)

The skin prick test is the most widely used test for detecting IgE‐mediated food hypersensitivity. Our study aimed to define firstly the correlations between results obtained with prick tests using commercial extracts and fresh foods, and secondly the correlations between these results and those obtained with labial and/or oral challenge. We compared the wheal diameters read at 15 min with commercial extracts and fresh foods, for four foods, in 430 children with suspected food allergy. For cow's milk, wheal diameters were larger with commercial extracts, but the difference was not significant. Conversely, wheal diameters were significantly larger with fresh foods for the other food allergens. Skin prick tests were positive in 40% of cases with commercial extracts and in 81.3% with fresh foods. The overall concordance between a positive prick test and positive challenge was 58.8% with commercial extracts and 91.7% with fresh foods. These results indicate that fresh foods may be more effective for detecting the sensitivity to food allergens. Fresh foods should be used for primary testing for egg, peanut, and cow's milk sensitivity.
A Single Institution-Based Retrospective Study of Surgically Treated Bronchioloalveolar Adenocarcinoma of the Lung: Clinicopathologic Analysis, Molecular Features, and Possible Pitfalls in Routine Practice
Authors: Christian Casali, Giulio Rossi, Alessandro Marchioni, Giuliana Sartori, Federica Maselli, Lucia Longo, Emilia Tallarico, Uliano Morandi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Press: Generalists versus specialists
Authors: M. Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Row among US journalists goes to the heart of who and what science writing is for

The boundaries between journalism and specialist scientific/medical publishing have become the subject of heated debate among science writers and journalists in the United States.

The debate has also raised questions about the role of journals such as the BMJ and JAMA (the journal of the American Medical Association) in the internet age: now that they are read more widely by the general public, should they still be considered as purely professional journals?

The bunfight—which erupted on the electronic discussion list of the National Association of Science Writers (NASW) over the Christmas break (http://nasw.org/lists/nasw-talk/hyper/index.html)—was triggered by some specialist writers' concerns at their exclusion from fellowships that provide further training to journalists.

Many such fellowships are restricted to journalists who reach the general public, and have typically been awarded to those working for mainstream print, radio, or television outlets.

The stated aim of such fellowships has been to promote …
Individualised homeopathy as an adjunct in the treatment of childhood asthma: a randomised placebo controlled trial
Authors: A White
Journal: Thorax (2003)

<b>Background:</b> Homeopathy is frequently used to treat asthma in children. In the common classical form of homeopathy, prescriptions are individualised for each patient. There has been no rigorous investigation into this form of treatment for asthma. <b>Methods:</b> In a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial the effects of individualised homeopathic remedies were compared with placebo medication in 96 children with mild to moderate asthma as an adjunct to conventional treatment. The main outcome measure was the active quality of living subscale of the Childhood Asthma Questionnaire administered at baseline and follow up at 12 months. Other outcome measures included other subscales of the same questionnaire, peak flow rates, use of medication, symptom scores, days off school, asthma events, global assessment of change, and adverse reactions. <b>Results:</b> There were no clinically relevant or statistically significant changes in the active quality of life score. Other subscales, notably those measuring severity, indicated relative improvements but the sizes of the effects were small. There were no differences between the groups for other measures. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study provides no evidence that adjunctive homeopathic remedies, as prescribed by experienced homeopathic practitioners, are superior to placebo in improving the quality of life of children with mild to moderate asthma in addition to conventional treatment in primary care.
Brk/PTK6 &amp; Bcl-x Proteins Contribute to Reduced Sensitivity to Chemotherapy.
Authors: R. Burmi, C. Pennington, D. Edwards, A. Harvey
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Brk/PTK6 is an intracellular protein tyrosine kinase which is frequently overexpressed in the majority of breast cancers and has been shown to increase the anchorage-independent survival of breast cancer cell lines by altering Bcl-xL:Bcl-xS ratios. A Brk binding partner has also been found to modulate the alternative splicing of the Bcl-x gene, and altered Bcl-xL/xS levels are implicated in cell sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. We hypothesised that Brk may decrease cell response to chemotherapy through regulation of Bcl-x.Materials &amp; Methods: To determine the clinical relevance and coexpression of Brk and Bcl-xL/S, quantitative PCR was performed on a clinical breast cancer biopsy material (n= 46). Gene knockdown studies using siRNA for either Brk or Bcl-xL were performed in T47D breast cancer cell line. Cells were subsequently cultured onto a 96 well plate in quadruplicate and subject to dose range of the chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin or paclitaxel for 72 hours before being tested for viability using the MTT assay. Protein levels for Brk, Bcl-xL/xS in response to siRNA treatments were determined using western blotting.Results: Quantitative PCR analysis of clinical breast cancer series reveal that Bcl-xL and Bcl-xS expression were associated with high grade tumours (p=0.028 and p=0.009 respectively). Moreover, both Bcl-xL and Bcl-xS were found to be significantly associated with Brk expression within these clinical samples (p&amp;lt;0.0001 and p=0.0026 respectively). T47D breast cancer cells with suppressed Brk levels showed a significant increase in sensitivity to doxorubicin and paclitaxel compared to control cultures (p=0.035 for doxorubicin and p&amp;lt;0.05 for paclitaxel at 0.625μM and 0.25nM respectively). Reduced Brk levels in T47D cells resulted in reduced levels of Bcl-xL protein. T47D cells with suppressed Bcl-xL levels also showed a significant increase in the sensitivity to doxorubicin compared to control cultures (p=0.039 at 0.31μM).Conclusion: These data suggests that Brk expression decreases the sensitivity of currently used chemotherapies through a mechanism that may involve regulation of Bcl-xL/xS protein levels. Thus targeting Brk may represent an important strategy for improving patient responses to chemotherapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 5068.
Clindamycin, Endocarditis, Hepatotoxicity
Authors: MICHAEL F. ELMORE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 May 1973Clindamycin, Endocarditis, HepatotoxicityMICHAEL F. ELMORE, M.D., LAWRENCE D. RINK, M.D., J. PETER RISSING, M.D.MICHAEL F. ELMORE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, LAWRENCE D. RINK, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. PETER RISSING, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-5-779_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We commend Menda and Gorbach on their approach to the treatment of bacterial endocarditis (Ann Intern Med78:25-32, 1973). In their 23 cases, 11 of 16 withStaphylococcus aureushad solitary tricuspid involvement, and all 11 had septic pulmonary emboli. Five were treated with cephalothin (12 g/day), and two failed to respond despite the fact that the organisms were sensitive to a minimal inhibitory concentration of less than 1 µg/ml; both patients subsequently responded to clindamycin therapy, but one of the patients required an additional 6-week course of clindamycin after a relapse. We report a similar case.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Internal Medicine Indiana University Medical Center Indianapolis, Indiana PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByClindamycin in treatment of chronic recurrent suppurative otitis media in childrenIntramuscular clindamycin for therapy of infective endocarditisTreatment of Anaerobic Bacterial Infections with Clindamycin-2-Phosphate 1 May 1973Volume 78, Issue 5Page: 779-780KeywordsAttentionClindamycinEndocarditisStaphylococcus aureus Issue Published: 1 May 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Colorectal Cancer Chemotherapy: Meta-analysis or Large-Scale Trials?
Authors: Bernard Levin
Journal: JAMA (1988)

In this issue of<i>JAMA</i>, Buyse and colleagues<sup>1</sup>present a meta-analysis of adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer. They have previously provided information about meta-analysis,<sup>2</sup>which is a new discipline that statistically combines and critically reviews the results of previous research. The purposes of meta-analysis include the following: (1) to increase statistical power for primary end points and for subgroups, (2) to resolve uncertainty when reports disagree, (3) to improve estimates of effect size, and (4) to raise and possibly answer questions not posed at the start of individual trials. In this comprehensive review, Buyse and coworkers<sup>1</sup>have assembled all randomized, controlled, clinical trials on adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer published up to December 1986 in the English language. They excluded nonrandomized and "immature" trials and those using adjuvant liver perfusion. Among the 27 trials found, eight trials compared radio See also p 3571. therapy with (surgical) control
EFFECTS OF DIET DURING PREGNANCY ON DEVELOPMENT OF RICKETS IN THE OFFSPRING
Authors: J. VICTOR GREENEBAUM
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Rickets has been shown by many investigators, including Dunham,<sup>1</sup>DeBuys,<sup>2</sup>Park<sup>3</sup>and Eliot,<sup>4</sup>to be a disease that begins during the first four months of life. This early development emphasizes the importance of a possible prenatal influence on the disease. Hess and Weinstock,<sup>5</sup>using the modern methods of study by roentgenograms, found that the administration of cod liver oil to pregnant mothers did not prevent rickets in their infants. Practically all the other experimental evidence on the rôle of maternal nutrition in its relation to the occurrence of rickets in the offspring has been obtained by studies of rats. Byfield and Daniels,<sup>6</sup>and Korenchevsky and Carr<sup>7</sup>obtained some effect in prevention. The usual opinion is expressed by Hess and Weinstock,<sup>5</sup>who do not believe that it is possible entirely to prevent rickets by improving the diet of the mother previous to pregnancy,
Establishing a clinical trials network in nephrology: experience of the Australasian Kidney Trials Network
Authors: Alicia T. Morrish, Carmel M. Hawley, David W. Johnson, Sunil V. Badve, Vlado Perkovic, Donna M. Reidlinger, Alan Cass
Journal: Kidney International (2013)

Chronic kidney disease is a major public health problem globally. Despite this, there are fewer high-quality, high-impact clinical trials in nephrology than other internal medicine specialties, which has led to large gaps in evidence. To address this deficiency, the Australasian Kidney Trials Network, a Collaborative Research Group, was formed in 2005. Since then, the Network has provided infrastructure and expertise to conduct patient-focused high-quality, investigator-initiated clinical trials in nephrology. The Network has not only been successful in engaging the nephrology community in Australia and New Zealand but also in forming collaborations with leading researchers from other countries. This article describes the establishment, development, and functions of the Network. The article also discusses the current and future funding strategies to ensure uninterrupted conduct of much needed clinical trials in nephrology to improve the outcomes of patients affected by kidney diseases with cost-effective interventions.
Overestimation of the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus in retrospective studies on stored sera
Authors: Anna S. F. Lok, Oliver C. K. Ma, Tak-Mao Chan, Ching-Lung Lai, Hau-Tim Chung, Clara P. L. Ng, Jenny S. C. Lam
Journal: Hepatology (1991)

Serum samples (1,428) from 1,149 patients with chronic liver diseases and polytransfused subjects were tested for antibody to hepatitis C virus by first-generation enzyme immunoassays. Antibody to hepatitis C virus was detected in 87% of patients with transfusion-related chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis; 17.6% of patients with nonmalignant, chronic hepatitis B virus infection; 37.3% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma; 14.3% of patients with alcoholic liver diseases; 22.2% of patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis; 76% of intravenous drug abusers; 16.4% of patients on hemodialysis; 1.8% of patients on peritoneal dialysis; 6.2% of kidney transplant recipients; and 3.1% of normal subjects. A high frequency of weakly positive results was found in “aged” samples: 61.9% of antibody to hepatitis C virus-positive patients whose sera had been stored for more than 2 yr had optical densities less than two times the cut-off values in contrast to 7.9% of those whose sera had been stored for less than 2 yr (p &lt; 0.0001). A significantly lower proportion of patients who had optical densities less than two times the cut-off values were reactive in subsequent samples 27.5% vs. 87.5% (p &lt; 0.0001). On retests, only 70% and 56% of sera that were initially positive for antibody to hepatitis C virus remained antibody to hepatitis C virus positive using second-generation enzyme immunoassays and neutralization enzyme immunoassays, respectively. Our results suggest that retrospective studies on stored sera may have overestimated the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus. We recommend that care be exercised in the interpretation of the results of the first-generation enzyme immunoassays, especially with weakly positive results on “aged” sera. (Hepatology 1991;14:756-762).
Analyzing vision at the complexity level
Authors: John K. Tsotsos
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1990)

Abstract The general problem of visual search can be shown to be computationally intractable in a formal, complexity-theoretic sense, yet visual search is extensively involved in everyday perception, and biological systems manage to perform it remarkably well. Complexity level analysis may resolve this contradiction. Visual search can be reshaped into tractability through approximations and by optimizing the resources devoted to visual processing. Architectural constraints can be derived using the minimum cost principle to rule out a large class of potential solutions. The evidence speaks strongly against bottom-up approaches to vision. In particular, the constraints suggest an attentional mechanism that exploits knowledge of the specific problem being solved. This analysis of visual search performance in terms of attentional influences on visual information processing and complexity satisfaction allows a large body of neurophysiological and psychological evidence to be tied together.
Data Wanted on Dentition Periods in Relation to Convulsions.
Authors: W. P. Spratling
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Sonyea, N. Y., July 5, 1904. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Will you be good enough to say inThe Journalthat I am especially anxious to get accurate data on the influence of the dentition periods in the production of convulsions, especially epilepsy; and that I would be grateful to any physician who would be kind enough to send such data to me? Facts in connection with the influence of the first dentition period from the sixth month to the end of the first year, or thereabouts, are especially desired.
INFECTIOUS CATARRH OF MICE
Authors: John B. Nelson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1937)

Small Gram-negative cells resembling the so called coccobacilliform bodies of fowl coryza were regularly found in the nasal and middle ear exudate of mice naturally and experimentally infected with catarrh. These bodies were successfully isolated from exudates and cultivated in tissue cultures. There was no microscopic evidence, however, of their multiplication in ordinary nutrient media enriched with blood. They were filterable through collodion membranes with an average pore size of 640 mmicro and, hence, separable from secondary bacteria. The size of the bodies in stained films averaged between 0.3 and 0.4micro. A second organism cultivable in fluid blood media with the formation of compact clumps and similar to the X bacillus of chickens was also isolated from infected mice.
Evaluation of the Costs to Medicare of Covering Therapeutic Shoes for Diabetic Patients
Authors: Judith Wooldridge, Lorenzo Moreno
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE A three-year demonstration was fielded in three states to evaluate the cost to Medicare of a therapeutic shoes benefit for Medicare Part B beneficiaries with severe diabetic foot disease. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Eligible Medicare beneficiaries who applied were randomly assigned to either a treatment group that received the extra therapeutic shoe coverage or a control group that received only standard Medicare coverage. This study analyzes the Medicare payments and service use of 3,428 demonstration participants in California, Florida, and New York for whom data on a 12-month follow-up period were available. These results are comparable to those for the entire sample over a variable length follow-up period that averaged 20 months but ranged from 3 months to 3 years. RESULTS Differences between groups are not statistically significant. However, Medicare payments for all services among the treatment group were $451 (3.8%) higher than those for all services among the control group. Similarly, Medicare payments for foot-care services were $318 (14.6%) higher among beneficiaries in the treatment group, which considerably exceeded the cost of the shoe benefit ($118). CONCLUSIONS The demonstration produced no definitive evidence that expanding Medicare Part B to cover therapeutic shoes for beneficiaries with severe diabetic foot disease would increase total Medicare costs. However, our findings indicate that the demonstration was successful at increasing therapeutic shoe ownership and was instrumental in increasing beneficiaries' use of the shoes when walking outdoors.
Role Of High-Dose Cytarabine and Total Body Irradiation Conditioning before Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation In Mantle Cell Lymphoma - A Comparison Of Nordic MCL2, HOVON 45, and European MCL Younger Trials
Authors: Eva Hoster, Christian H Geisler, Jeanette K Doorduijn, Bronno Van der Holt, Jan Walewski, Stephan Stilgenbauer, Vincent Ribrag, Gilles Andre Salles, Michael Hallek, Christiane Pott, Arne Kolstad, Anna Laurell, Riika Räty, Mats Jerkeman, Mars Van't Veer, Hanneke C. Kluin-Nelemans, Wolfram Klapper, Michael Unterhalt, Martin H. Dreyling, Olivier Hermine
Journal: Blood (2013)
A Perspective on Climate and Man's Health
Authors: G.E. Burch
Journal: JAMA (1972)

There is currently considerable discussion concerning environmental pollution. However, climate and weather, important environmental factors that influence the health of the people of America to an even greater extent, receive relatively little attention as health problems. Although pollution may be controlled, climate and weather cannot be, and therefore man cannot escape entirely the stresses of weather and climate. Man must learn to maintain the best possible health in spite of his climate and weather by providing a satisfactory artificial environment (eg, housing with heating, air-conditioners, fans), proper clothing, and healthful working conditions.  The profound effect of climate and weather on man's health is evident, for example, in the millions of people who, each winter, suffer from one or more respiratory illnesses causing much impairment of health, loss of productivity, and even death. Although the healthy are affected, it is the acute and chronically ill and debilitated people who suffer greatest
Risk factors for extensive ulcerative colitis and ulcerative proctitis: a population based case-control study.
Authors: S M Samuelsson, A Ekbom, M Zack, C G Helmick, H O Adami
Journal: Gut (1991)

To examine socioeconomic factors, dietary and other personal habits, and medical history as risk factors for ulcerative colitis, we studied 167 (98%) of all prevalent cases of ulcerative colitis diagnosed in Uppsala county from 1945 to 1964 and 167 age and sex matched population controls. Ulcerative colitis patients were less likely than controls to be current cigarette, pipe, or cigar smokers (odds ratio (OR) = 0.44; 95% confidence limits (CL) = 0.25-0.78), but more likely to have symptoms induced by drinking milk (OR = 4.63; 95% CL = 2.15-9.93). Patients with ulcerative colitis do not differ in most of the socioeconomic, dietary and personal habits compared with the background population.
Yemen embarks on its seventh round of polio immunisations
Authors: Andrew Moscrop
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Yemen is about to embark on its seventh round of national immunisation days against polio this year, in an unprecedented effort to stamp out the disease following a serious outbreak which began last February.

During three consecutive days, tens of thousands of vaccination teams will visit every household in order to deliver the oral polio vaccine to all of Yemen's estimated 4 million children aged under five.

National immunisation days require huge investments of time, money, health workers …
Approval for Pesticide Toxicity Testing in Humans Draws Criticism
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2006)

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462 Diagnostic accuracy of MP3 score compared to hyaluronate and fibrotest for evaluating liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B
Authors: M.N. Hilleret, E. Faure, C. Trocme, N. Sturm, J.C. Renversez, E. Morel, J.P. Zarski, V. Leroy
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)