tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
1355 HISTOLOGICAL SEVERITY INDEPENDENTLY PREDICTS EARLY ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESIONS AND 10 YEAR CARDIOVASCULAR RISK IN NAFLD PATIENTS
Authors: R. Pais, S. Bellentani, E. Bugianessi, M. Romero-Gomez, A. Barchetti, S. Carenzi, R. Gallego-Duran, T. Poynard, P. Giral, V. Ratziu
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
The nature of the adrenergic receptors in isolated human bronchi
Authors: H. M. Guirgis, R. S. McNeill
Journal: Thorax (1969)

Isolated human bronchial muscle was stimulated to contract by carbachol, acetylcholine, and histamine. The effects of adrenaline and the alpha- and beta-adrenergic blocking drugs on these contractions were then observed. Phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine potentiated the relaxant effect of adrenaline. Phenoxybenzamine alone caused relaxation of bronchial muscle and inhibited the response to the various spasmogens. Propranolol alone caused a slow increase in muscle tone and antagonized the relaxant effect of adrenaline on carbachol-induced contraction. Phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine added before, with, and after propranolol failed to affect the antagonism of adrenaline by propranolol. The results suggest that the adrenergic receptors in human bronchi are of the beta type.
A Young Woman With an Acute Abdomen: HIV and Hepatitis B Testing?
Authors: Rob Crane
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In his answer to a Texas physician about the "preoperative evaluation of a young woman with an acute abdomen," Dr Cromer<sup>1</sup>suggests that minimal laboratory evaluation should include several judiciously selected, reasonable diagnostic tests. He then goes on to suggest, "If the patient is unknown to the physician(s) or presumed to be at high risk, it might also be appropriate to test for hepatitis B serologies and antibodies for human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]." Because these tests are unlikely to yield any significant information pertinent to the differential diagnosis at hand, one must presume that Dr Cromer is evaluating the risk of viral transmission to the health care professionals attending this patient.<sup>2</sup>Further, it suggests that knowledge of HIV or hepatitis B infection would significantly change the short-term treatment of this patient. There are several problems with this approach. First, it is most improbable that the
CHEMICAL, CLINICAL, AND IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE PRODUCTS OF HUMAN PLASMA FRACTIONATION. II. ELECTROPHORETIC AND ULTRACENTRIFUGAL STUDIES OF SOLUTIONS OF HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN AND IMMUNE SERUM GLOBULINS 12
Authors: J. W. Williams, Mary L. Petermann, George C. Colovos, Martha B. Goodloe, John L. Oncley, S. Howard Armstrong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1944)
A PLEA FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PATHOLOGY
Authors: OSCAR T. SCHULTZ
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Pathology, in its early development, was a by-product of anatomy during that period when the first dissections of the human body were developing anatomic knowledge. Morgagni, Vesalius, Fallopius, Eustachius, and others of the earlier anatomists, whose names are still attached to hydatids, tubes and various other structures of the body, made note of abnormalities encountered in the course of their anatomic investigations. Pathology, during this early stage of its development, could not be considered a subdivision of knowledge with standing of its own. It noted objectively gross anatomic deviations from the normal, but, because of the fantastic humoral doctrines of disease then prevailing, it could not intelligently concern itself with the processes that had led to the abnormalities. It was not until Virchow showed that the cell doctrine applies to abnormal tissues as well as to normal ones that pathology began to establish itself as the most fundamental of the
Getting to the Heart of the Matter
Authors: Andrew Leask
Journal: Circulation Research (2015)

Fibrotic diseases are a significant global burden for which there are limited treatment options. The effector cells of fibrosis are activated fibroblasts called myofibroblasts, a highly contractile cell type characterized by the appearance of α-smooth muscle actin stress fibers. The underlying mechanism behind myofibroblast differentiation and persistence has been under much investigation and is known to involve a complex signaling network involving transforming growth factor-β, endothelin-1, angiotensin II, CCN2 (connective tissue growth factor), and platelet-derived growth factor. This review addresses the contribution of these signaling molecules to cardiac fibrosis.
Letter: SI units in France.
Authors: A N Clark
Journal: BMJ (1976)

<b>Background:</b> The aim of our study was to investigate whether anti-Xa levels assessed in selected groups of LMWH-treated patients with VTE correlate with the risk of developing thromboembolic or bleeding complications. <b>Methods:</b> Retrospective study, in adult patients treated with anti-Xa-adjusted LMWH analysing the association between anti-Xa activity and recurrent VTE or bleeding. Primary outcomes were symptomatic fatal or nonfatal objectively diagnosed VTE and clinically relevant bleeding (ISTH criteria). <b>Results:</b> From 2007-2017, 192 patients were recruited. Mean age was 62 (SD 18) years and 48% were men. Indications for anti-Xa monitoring were: VTE recurrence under anticoagulation (20.8%), prior bleeding (20.3%), renal dysfunction (45.3%), or obesity (9.9%). A total of 33 (17.2%) patients had a recurrent VTE event and 34 (17.7%) experienced clinically relevant bleeding. In the period elapsing between the first (performed after a median of 6 days from index VTE [IQR 1-39]) and the second anti-Xa determination, 9 patients developed a clinical outcome (4 recurrent and 5 bleeding events). An anti-Xa value below reference (versus within + above) correlated with recurrence (relative risk 3.0), whereas an anti-Xa value above (versus within + below) reference correlated with bleeding (relative risk 2.5). <b>Conclusions:</b> In selected subgroups of patients with VTE, anti-Xa levels may represent a marker for the risk of developing recurrent VTE or bleeding events. Whether adjustment of the LMWH dosage would minimize this risk remains to be investigated in management studies.
Reduction in Acute Myocardial Infarction Mortality in the United States
Authors: Harlan M. Krumholz, Yun Wang, Jersey Chen, Elizabeth E. Drye, John A. Spertus, Joseph S. Ross, Jeptha P. Curtis, Brahmajee K. Nallamothu, Judith H. Lichtman, Edward P. Havranek, Frederick A. Masoudi, Martha J. Radford, Lein F. Han, Michael T. Rapp, Barry M. Straube, Sharon-Lise T. Normand
Journal: JAMA (2009)

During the last 2 decades, health care professional, consumer, and payer organizations have sought to improve outcomes for patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, little has been reported about improvements in hospital short-term mortality rates or reductions in between-hospital variation in short-term mortality rates.To estimate hospital-level 30-day risk-standardized mortality rates (RSMRs) for patients discharged with AMI.Observational study using administrative data and a validated risk model to evaluate 3,195,672 discharges in 2,755,370 patients discharged from nonfederal acute care hospitals in the United States between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2006. Patients were 65 years or older (mean, 78 years) and had at least a 12-month history of fee-for-service enrollment prior to the index hospitalization. Patients discharged alive within 1 day of an admission not against medical advice were excluded, because it is unlikely that these patients had sustained an AMI.Hospital-specific 30-day all-cause RSMR.At the patient level, the odds of dying within 30 days of admission if treated at a hospital 1 SD above the national average relative to that if treated at a hospital 1 SD below the national average were 1.63 (95% CI, 1.60-1.65) in 1995 and 1.56 (95% CI, 1.53-1.60) in 2006. In terms of hospital-specific RSMRs, a decrease from 18.8% in 1995 to 15.8% in 2006 was observed (odds ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.75-0.77). A reduction in between-hospital heterogeneity in the RSMRs was also observed: the coefficient of variation decreased from 11.2% in 1995 to 10.8%, the interquartile range from 2.8% to 2.1%, and the between-hospital variance from 4.4% to 2.9%.Between 1995 and 2006, the risk-standardized hospital mortality rate for Medicare patients discharged with AMI showed a significant decrease, as did between-hospital variation.
Toll-like Receptor and Inflammasome Signals Converge to Amplify the Innate Bactericidal Capacity of T Helper 1 Cells
Authors: Hope O’Donnell, Oanh H. Pham, Lin-xi Li, Shaikh M. Atif, Seung-Joo Lee, Marietta M. Ravesloot, Jessica L. Stolfi, Sean-Paul Nuccio, Petr Broz, Denise M. Monack, Andreas J. Baumler, Stephen J. McSorley
Journal: Immunity (2014)
Shortage of organs for transplantation
Authors: C. Wight, B. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Of all the problems foreseen in the pioneering days of organ transplantation, a shortage of donor organs was not even remotely considered as a barrier to progress. Such has been the success of transplantation over the past two decades that organ shortage is now considered the major limitation. This week sees the publication of an extensive study by the British Transplantation Society's working party on organ donation.1 Chaired by Professor John Fabre, the working party examined a variety of issues influencing rates of organ donation in Britain.

Clearly, the fact that fewer young people now die because of road traffic accidents or intracranial haemorrhage is a cause of donor loss that must be welcomed. However, the report highlights the fact that many medical and financial practices still mitigate against the efficient identification and recruitment of organ donors. In particular, the lack of intensive care beds means that many potential donors are not being ventilated, with the decision depending on locally devised prognostic criteria. As a result, waiting lists for renal transplantation continue to rise, putting increasing pressure on dialysis budgets. While it would be inappropriate …
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Loretta Vileikyte, Howard Leventhal, Jeffrey S. Gonzalez, Mark Peyrot, Richard R. Rubin, Jan S. Ulbrecht, Adam Garrow, Christine Waterman, Peter R. Cavanagh, Andrew J.M. Boulton
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

OBJECTIVE—We examined the association between severity of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and depressive symptoms and investigated the potential mediators of this association. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess depressive symptoms in 494 patients (mean age 62 years; 70% male; 72% type 2 diabetic) with diabetic neuropathy diagnosed by the Neuropathy Disability Score (NDS) and the Vibration Perception Threshold (VPT). Diabetic neuropathy symptoms, activities of daily living (ADLs), and social self-perception were measured by the neuropathy and foot ulcer–specific quality-of-life instrument, NeuroQoL; perceptions of diabetic neuropathy symptom unpredictability and the lack of effective treatment were assessed by the revised Illness Perception Questionnaire. RESULTS—Both the NDS and VPT were significantly associated with the HADS after controlling for demographic and disease variables. Although diabetic neuropathy symptoms mediated this association, with unsteadiness being most strongly associated with HADS, the relationship between foot ulceration and depression was nonsignificant. The association between diabetic neuropathy symptoms and HADS was partially mediated by two sets of psychosocial variables: 1) perceptions of diabetic neuropathy symptom unpredictability and the lack of treatment control and 2) restrictions in ADLs and changes in social self-perception. CONCLUSIONS—These findings establish the association between diabetic neuropathy and depressive symptoms and identify potential targets for interventions to alleviate depressive symptoms in persons affected by diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Diabetes and Nontraumatic Lower Extremity Amputations: Incidence, risk factors, and prevention—a 12-year follow-up study in Nauru
Authors: A R G Humphrey, G K Dowse, K Thoma, P Z Zimmet
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To measure the 12-year incidence (1982–1994) of nontraumatic lower extremity amputations (LEAs) in Nauruans, a population at high risk for NIDDM, and to determine the risk factors for amputation in Nauruans with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Amputation data were abstracted from operating theater records in Nauru, hospital databases in Australia, and Nauru government records. Baseline characteristics of a cohort of 1,564 Nauruans aged ≥ 20 years examined during a population-based survey in 1982 were used to determine risk factors for first LEAs. RESULTS Over this 12-year period, 46 first LEAs were performed on people with NIDDM, of whom 30 were members of the 1982 study cohort. The incidence of first LEAs in Nauruans aged ≥ 25 years with NIDDM was 8.1 per 1,000 person-years in the study cohort and an estimated 7.6 per 1,000 person-years nationally. Amputations were associated significantly with lower BMI, lower blood pressure, higher fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level, and longer mean duration of diabetes at baseline, but levels of other risk factors, including cigarette smoking, plasma triglycerides, and plasma cholesterol, were also elevated in amputees. There were no amputations among individuals with baseline FPG levels &amp;lt; 7.8 mmol/l, irrespective of diabetes duration. FPG, baseline diabetes duration, and male sex were independent risk factors for first amputation using the Cox proportional hazards model. There was a decrease in the incidence of amputations after the commencement of a national foot care health education and prevention campaign in June 1992. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of LEAs in diabetic Nauruans was higher than in other populations after adjusting for age and duration. Given the apparent success of the Nauruan footcare program in reducing amputation rates, other populations with high rates of NIDDM and LEAs should consider population-wide prevention strategies.
Metallothionein Suppresses Angiotensin II–Induced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase Activation, Nitrosative Stress, Apoptosis, and Pathological Remodeling in the Diabetic Heart
Authors: Guihua Zhou, Xiaokun Li, David W. Hein, Xilin Xiang, James P. Marshall, Sumanth D. Prabhu, Lu Cai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
In vitro activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide- and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-linked 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenases in placentas from normotensive and preeclamptic/eclamptic pregnancies.
Authors: J Jarabak, J D Watkins, M Lindheimer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Concentrations of prostaglandins E2 and I2 may be decreased in preeclamptic and eclamptic pregnancies. Because these prostaglandins produce vasodilation and inhibit platelet aggregation it has been suggested that a reduction in their biosynthesis might play an important role in the pathogenesis of the hypertension and coagulation abnormalities associated with preeclampsia. Placental tissue is an extremely rich source of several enzymes that catalyze the catabolism of prostaglandins. The present study was initiated to determine whether one of these catabolic enzymes might be increased in preeclamptic/eclamptic pregnancies. The activities of the NAD- and the NADP-linked 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenases were measured in 16 preeclamptics (mean diastolic pressure, 108 +/- 13 mmHg) and compared with 16 normotensive controls matched for age (20.8 +/- 5.43 vs. 20.6 +/- 5.16) and gestational week of delivery (34.6 +/- 5.40 vs. 35.0 +/- 5.06). These results indicate that the activity of the placental NAD-linked 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase is elevated in preeclampsia (40.1 +/- 31.3 vs. 14.9 +/- 8.30 mU/g tissue, P less than 0.01). If this increase were also expressed in vivo, its effect on prostaglandin metabolism could be mistaken for impaired prostacyclin biosynthesis unless both the 6-keto- and 6,15-diketo-metabolites of prostacyclin were measured.
Techniques in Vascular Surgery
Authors: John J. Bergan
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Robert S. Linton, the premier pioneer vascular surgeon, has been credited with the admonishment to surgical residents, "You've got to do it right." This slim volume shows how vascular procedures can be performed the right way. One might expect that Denton Cooley, whose surgical wizardry is legendary, would produce a useful atlas of vascular surgery. However, the details of manuscript preparation might escape the extremely busy surgeon-in-chief and clinical professor of surgery at the Texas Heart Institute.<i>Techniques in Vascular Surgery</i>shows that this is not the case; details of preparation have been attended to. The illustrations and text prepared by Cooley, with the assistance of Don C. Wukasch, attending surgeon at the Heart Institute, are simply splendid. The simple diagrams lend themselves to easy interpretation. There clearly has been marvelous communication between the artist and the surgeons preparing the volume. Almost all aspects of peripheral vascular surgery are included
The increased number of very late activation antigen-4–positive cells correlates with eosinophils and severity of disease in the induced sputum of asthmatic patients
Authors: Vincenzo Bocchino, Giuseppina Bertorelli, Raffaele D’Ippolito, Antonio Castagnaro, Xiaosong Zhuo, Pierfrancesco Grima, Vincenzo Di Comite, Roberta Damia, Dario Olivieri
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2000)
THE CLINICAL VALUE OF THE KAHN REACTION
Authors: KENNETH M. DAVENPORT
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Reports that have heretofore appeared on the Kahn test have dealt for the most part with comparisons with the Wassermann test. It seems obvious that the true value of any test may be best established by a comparison with the clinical observations. An opportunity was afforded in this clinic to check the results of the Kahn test against clinical observations, the latter test having recently become standard in the laboratories of the University Hospital. This study is based on 2,070 blood Kahn examinations. The blood was obtained from patients falling into three groups: those presenting themselves to the clinic for advice regarding various dermatologic conditions; those in whom a diagnosis of syphilis was made or entertained, and those who had received antisyphilitic therapy either in this clinic or elsewhere. Some patients in the syphilitic group came originally to the Dermatology Clinic, and some were referred to the clinic because of
Gastroesophageal Reflux Symptoms in Patients With Celiac Disease and the Effects of a Gluten-Free Diet
Authors: Fabio Nachman, Horacio Vázquez, Andrea González, Paola Andrenacci, Liliana Compagni, Hugo Reyes, Emilia Sugai, María Laura Moreno, Edgardo Smecuol, Hui Jer Hwang, Inés Pinto Sánchez, Eduardo Mauriño, Julio César Bai
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2010)
Tier 4 Drugs and the Fraying of the Social Compact
Authors: Thomas H. Lee, Ezekiel J. Emanuel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

The growing number of biologic drugs for cancers and other serious conditions is a harbinger of things to come — in more ways than one. These drugs demonstrate that basic research into mechanisms of disease can lead to innovative treatments that turn fatal conditions into chronic disorders. But recent headlines about their high costs — often $50,000 to $100,000 per year — serve as warnings about the financial and ethical challenges we will increasingly encounter throughout medicine.Because of the rising number of such high-priced medications, some insurers have begun to revise their tiered drug-copayment structures, which have generally delineated . . .
Telomere maintenance in childhood primitive neuroectodermal brain tumors
Authors: Domenico Didiano, Tarek Shalaby, Doris Lang, Michael A. Grotzer
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2004)

Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs), including medulloblastoma (PNET/MB) and supratentorial PNET (sPNET), are the most common malignant brain tumors of childhood. The stabilization of telomere lengths by telomerase activation is an important step in carcinogenesis and cell immortalization. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol in green tea, is a telomerase inhibitor with antiproliferative and anticarcinogenic effects against different types of cancer. In this study, we used real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to measure the mRNA expression of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) in 50 primary PNET samples (43 PNET/MB, 7 sPNET), 14 normal human brain samples, and 6 human PNET cell lines. Compared to normal human cerebellum, 38/50 (76%) primary PNET samples had≥ 5-fold upregulated hTERT mRNA expression. We then examined PNET cell lines for telomerase activity using a quantitative telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP), and for telomere length using terminal restriction fragment analysis. While a positive correlation between hTERT mRNA expression and telomerase activity was detected in PNET cell lines, no correlation was found between telomerase activity and telomere length. Treatment of PNET cell lines with EGCG resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of telomerase activity at micromolar levels. Although EGCG displayed strong proliferation inhibitory effects against TRAP-positive PNET cell lines, it had no significant effect against TRAP-negative D425 cells. These results provide evidence for a possible role of telomerase in the pathogenesis of most PNETs and indicate that subsets of PNETs maintain telomere length by alternative mechanisms. Inhibition of telomerase function represents a novel experimental therapeutic strategy in childhood PNETs that warrants further investigation.
Presence of systemic autoimmune disorders in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases
Authors: M G Tektonidou, M Anapliotou, P Vlachoyiannopoulos, H M Moutsopoulos
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Objective:</b> To evaluate the prevalence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases (ATD) and the presence of systemic autoimmune disorders among ANA positive patients with ATD. <b>Methods:</b> 168 consecutive patients with ATD with positive antithyroid antibodies and 75 healthy subjects were tested for the presence of ANA. ANA positive patients were further evaluated by complete history, physical examination, blood and urine tests, and immunological studies. Patients with subjective xerophthalmia and xerostomia were examined by objective tests. <b>Results:</b> 58/168 (35%) patients with ATD were ANA positive compared with 7/75 (9%) healthy controls (p = 0.001). Of 58 ANA positive patients, 6 (10%) had anti-Ro antibodies, 1 had anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies, 7 (12%) had anti-dsDNA antibodies, and 7 (12%) had medium levels of IgG and/or IgM anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL). No healthy subjects had positive anti-dsDNA, antibodies against the extractable nuclear antigens, or aCL. 5/58 (9%) patients fulfilled the criteria for Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Two patients had features related to systemic lupus erythematosus. No healthy subjects had clinical or laboratory characteristics of systemic autoimmune disorders. <b>Conclusion:</b> ANA are detected in 1/3 of patients with ATD. Anti-dsDNA, anti-Ro, and aCL can also be found in ANA positive patients with ATD. SS occurs in about 1/10 of ANA positive patients with ATD.
Structural Basis of HIV-1 Tethering to Membranes by the BST-2/Tetherin Ectodomain
Authors: Andreas Hinz, Nolwenn Miguet, Ganesh Natrajan, Yoshiko Usami, Hikaru Yamanaka, Patricia Renesto, Bettina Hartlieb, Andrew A. McCarthy, Jean-Pierre Simorre, Heinrich Göttlinger, Winfried Weissenhorn
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2010)