tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An investigation of whether polymorphisms of cytochrome P4502E1 are genetic markers of susceptibility to alcoholic end-stage organ damage in a chinese population
Authors: You-Chen Chao, Tong-Ho Young, Wei-Kuo Chang, Hung-Shang Tang, Chung-Te Hsu
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The human cytochrome P4502E1 gene (P4502E1), coding for an ethanol-inducible nitrosamine-metabolizing P-450, is involved in the metabolism of ethanol and many known carcinogens. Recently, restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) within the P4502E1 have been suggested as genetic markers of susceptibility to alcohol-induced liver disease but the previous studies disagree whether alcoholics with c1 or c2 allele are more susceptible to alcohol-induced liver diseases. Using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method, we determined the RsaI and PstI polymorphism of P4502E1 in 77 Chinese alcoholic patients (54 with alcohol-induced cirrhosis and 23 with acute alcohol-induced pancreatitis) and 164 non-alcoholics and compared them with previously published data. The PCR-RFLPs showed three P4502E1 genotypes: type A, homozygote c1/c1; type B, heterozygote c1/c2; and type C, homozygote c2/c2. The RsaI and PstI polymorphism of P4502E1 were completely linked in both Chinese alcoholics and nonalcoholic controls. The rare allele (c2) occurs at similar frequency of 0.232 and 0.234 (P > .05) in nonalcoholic controls and alcoholics, respectively. The genotype distributions of P4502E1 between Chinese alcoholics and nonalcoholics are not significantly different. The genotype and allele frequencies of P4502E1 for Chinese are significantly different from those of Swedes, European-Americans, and African-Americans, respectively (P < .00001), but very similar to Japanese (P > .05). In conclusion, ethnic variations exist between Asians and Caucasians and between Asians and African-Americans. No allelic variants at loci associated with RsaI/PstI RFLPs result in phenotypes displaying greater susceptibility to alcohol-induced cirrhosis or alcoholism in Chinese populations, which contradicts previous reports from Japanese groups.
Importance of occult haematuria found at screening.
Authors: C D Ritchie, E A Bevan, S J Collier
Journal: BMJ (1986)

A retrospective study of the results of dipstick testing and microscopical examination of urine from 10 050 men undergoing health screening showed a prevalence of occult haematuria of 2.5%. Those patients with occult haematuria who were resident in the United Kingdom and registered with a general practitioner were identified and a questionnaire sent to their general practitioners asking what further investigations had been performed. The response rate was 92% (152/165 inquiries). Fifty nine general practitioners (39%) had not instigated any investigations. Among the 76 patients who underwent some further investigations abnormalities were found in 21 (28%); and among those fully investigated by examination of midstream urine, intravenous urography, and cystoscopy abnormalities were found in 12(50%). These included bladder neoplasms (two; one in a patient aged 37), epithelial dysplasia (one), staghorn calculi (one), and chronic reflux nephropathy (one). It is proposed that occult haematuria should be fully investigated regardless of the age of the patient.
Early Short-Term Treatment With Doxycycline Modulates Postinfarction Left Ventricular Remodeling
Authors: Francisco J. Villarreal, Michael Griffin, Jeffrey Omens, Wolfgang Dillmann, Judy Nguyen, James Covell
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— Myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with early metalloproteinase (MMP) activation and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. We hypothesized that preserving the original ECM of the infarcted left ventricle (LV) by use of early short-term doxycycline (DOX) treatment preserves cardiac structure and function. Methods and Results— LV morphometry and function were measured in 3 groups of rats (sham, MI, and MI+DOX). DOX (30 mg/kg per day) was given orally 48 hours before and 48 hours after MI. Rats were examined at 2 and 4 weeks after MI. By 4 weeks, DOX significantly decreased ( P &lt;0.05 versus MI) the heart weight to body weight ratio, myocyte cross-sectional area, and internal LV diameter, whereas it preserved anterior wall thickness within the infarct. Collagen/muscle area fraction did not change in the region of the infarct/scar. Parallel left shifts (versus MI) were observed in pressure-volume relationships of DOX MI rats at all pressures. DOX treatment also shifted passive epicardial strains within the scar area toward normal values. No differences were observed in LV end-diastolic or peak systolic pressures, peak positive or negative LV dP/dt, or isovolumic relaxation rates. Assessment of LV global MMP and MMP-2/9 activities 1 hour after MI using fluorescent probes yielded significant differences with DOX. Conclusions— Brief, early MMP inhibition after MI yields preservation of LV structure and global as well as scar area passive function, supporting the concept that preserving the original ECM early after coronary occlusion lessens ventricular remodeling.
Effect of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibition on functional class in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction—a meta‐analysis
Authors: Jawdat Abdulla, Janice Pogue, Steen Z. Abildstrøm, Lars Køber, Erik Christensen, Marc A. Pfeffer, Salim Yusuf, Christian Torp‐Pedersen
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2005)
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in the Moloney sarcoma virus system: differential activity of IgG and IgM with different subpopulations of lymphocytes.
Authors: E W Lamon, M W Shaw, S Goodson, B Lidin, A S Walia, E W Fuson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1977)

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity in the Moloney sarcoma virus (MSV) system was evaluated in terms of the differential ability of IgG and IgM from MSV regressor animals to induce cytotoxicity by lymphocytes from lymph node, spleen, and thymus. The cell-mediated cytotoxicity induced by both IgM and IgG was specific for target possessing the appropriate virally determined cell surface antigen(s). IgM induced cytotoxicity by lymphocytes from all the organs tested. However, differences in magnitude and efficiency were revealed. Lymph node cells and thymocytes were most efficient against IgM-coated target cells. Against IgG-sensitized target cells, spleen and lymph node cells were about equally active, but thymocytes were inactive. Cortisone treatment of the donors of effector cells revealed that the cortisone resistant subpopulation of thymocytes, 2 days after cortisone injection, exhibited an increased cytotoxicity against target cells treated with unfractionated antiserum and its IgM fraction. This subpopulation of thymocytes was also cytotoxic against IgG-coated target cells. At 12 days after cortisone injection, the repopulated thymus showed little change in activity, compared to control thymus, against antibody-coated target cells.
Home treatment for acute psychiatric illness.
Authors: C Dean, E M Gadd
Journal: BMJ (1990)

To determine the factors influencing the successful outcome of community treatment for severe acute psychiatric illnesses that are traditionally treated in hospital.All patients from a single electoral ward who were either admitted to hospital or treated at home over a two year period (1 October 1987 to 30 September 1989) were included in the study and their case notes audited. The second year of the study is reported.Electoral ward of Sparkbrook, Birmingham.99 Patients aged 16-65 with severe acute psychiatric illness.65 Patients were managed by home treatment alone; 34 required admission to hospital. The location of treatment was significantly (all p less than 0.05) influenced by social characteristics of the patients (marital state, age (in men), ethnicity, and living alone) and by characteristics of the referral (occurring out of hours; assessment taking place at hospital or police station). DSM-III-R diagnosis was more weakly associated with outcome. Violence during the episode was significantly related to admission, although deliberate self harm was not.Home treatment is feasible for most patients with acute psychiatric illness. A 24 hour on call assessment service increases the likelihood of success because admission is determined more strongly by social characteristics of the patient and the referral than by illness factors. Admission will still be required for some patients. A locally based mental health resource centre, a 24 hour on call service, an open referral system, and an active follow up policy increase the effectiveness of a home treatment service.
Early gastric stump cancer following distal gastrectomy
Authors: K Kaneko, H Kondo, D Saito, K Shirao, H Yamaguchi, T Yokota, G Yamao, T Sano, M Sasako, S Yoshida
Journal: Gut (1998)

Background —Gastric stump cancer (GSC) is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage, and consequently the prognosis is poor. Aims —To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of GSC at an early stage to assist in its identification, and thereby improve its prognosis. Methods —Forty three patients with resected early GSC were compared with 156 patients with resected primary early cancer in the upper third of the stomach. Results —Sixty five per cent (28/43) of the early GSC patients showed the elevated type endoscopically, although the frequency of the depressed type in GSC has tended to increase in the past five years. This occurred in less than 26% (40/156) of the primary early cancers. Half of the early GSCs were located on the lesser curvature (47%), and revealed differentiated adenocarcinoma (81%) histologically. The male:female ratio of early GSC cases was about 6:1, which was much higher than that in patients with primary early cancer. The five year survival rates of patients with early GSCs and early primary cancers were 84% and 95%, respectively. GSC had a favourable prognosis, if it was detected at an early stage. Conclusion —To detect early GSC, our results suggest that special attention should be given to elevated as well as depressed lesions on the lesser curvature of the stomach, particularly in men, during endoscopic examinations.
Tc-99m-Labeled Monoclonal Antibody Fragment Imaging in a Patient With Fever of Unknown Origin
Authors: Ioannis Ilias, Ioannis Bollas, Christos Batsakis, Ioulia Christakopoulou
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

Tc-99m MDP bone scanning showed cortical uptake in the left femur and tibia of a patient with fever of unknown origin. Tc-99m-labeled polyclonal human immunoglobulin scan showed uptake in the left calf. However, further imaging work-up with Tc-99m-labeled monoclonal antibody fragment (Leukoscan Immunomedics, Darmstadt) depicted an area of intense uptake and led to surgical exploration that yielded an inflammatory lesion involving a graft of the abdominal aorta and adjoining the large intestine
Healthcare and weather services must work together to limit risks of air pollution and high temperatures
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Governments must act now to mitigate the threats posed to human health by climate change, the World Health Organization has warned.

In a joint report, The Atlas of Health and Climate , WHO and the World Meteorological Organization are calling on health and weather services to work together to limit the risks to human health posed by factors such as air pollution, high temperatures, the spread of infectious diseases, and an increase in the frequency of natural disasters.1

Margaret Chan, WHO’s director general, said, “Prevention and preparedness are the heart of public health. Risk management is our daily bread and butter. Information on climate variability and climate change is a powerful scientific tool that assists us …
Prevalence of hepatitis B markers among district general hospital staff.
Authors: A M Abbas, M D Denton, R A Francis
Journal: BMJ (1985)

surveillance began in 1982.Among these infants, only one has been reported to have had acute cliniuall h-epatitis B in early infancy.Although the exclusion of infants of anti- HBe positive mothers from the immunisation programme has rcsulted in so little ill effect, the ability to identify a subgroup of anti- HBe positive women and to offer immunisa- tion for their infants would make it possible to prevent the rare clinical hepatitis B infection without too large an increase in numbers.However, the use of hepatitis B virus DNA hybridisation tests in place of e antigen/,antibody tests for antenatal patients must depend on assessments of cost and feasibility.
Immunotherapy for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Marian Rewers, Peter Gottlieb
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

In the past 15 years, multiple clinical trials have attempted to find prevention for type 1 diabetes. The accompanying article by Bresson and von Herrath (1) reviews basic mechanisms underlying immunoprevention and immunotherapy of type 1 diabetes as well as selected human trials in the context of data from animal models. The second part of this mini-symposium provides an overview of the recent or ongoing human trials. Immunotherapy for prevention of type 1 diabetes or to ameliorate the course of the disease after clinical diagnosis is currently restricted to research studies. References are provided to the clinical.trials.gov database or other sources where the reader can find additional information.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease caused by interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Figure 1 summarizes the main stages in the development of type 1 diabetes and examples of prevention trials at these stages. The initial step—development of islet autoimmunity marked by the presence of autoantibodies to insulin, GAD (GAD65), insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2), and tyrosine phosphatase or zinc transporter (ZnT8)—is believed to be driven by environmental trigger(s) (2). Over the past 40 years, the incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes worldwide has increased by 3–5% annually (3–6). Elimination of the environmental trigger(s) responsible for this epidemic would be the most efficient approach to primary prevention. However, there is lack of consensus regarding which environmental factor(s) initiates islet autoimmunity. The National Institutes of Health have established The Environmental Determinants of type 1 Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) consortium to evaluate the leading candidates (7,8).



Figure 1 
Natural history of type 1 diabetes and prevention opportunities.



After initiation of islet autoimmunity, most patients have a long preclinical period (9–12) that offers opportunity for secondary prevention—halting progression to clinical diabetes (Fig. 1). Large randomized trials initiated …
Protection from Total-Body Irradiation
Authors: John M. Knox
Journal: JAMA (1961)

A series of experiments was performed to determine whether agents which alter the effects of ultraviolet light might favorably influence the survival rate after total-body exposure to ionizing irradiation. Antimalarials, psoralen, benzophenones, and a benzotriazole were administered in the diet to albino mice before irradiation. The results were inconclusive but suggested that certain agents of this type may be capable of providing some degree of protection and that further experimentation and evaluation would be justified. The need for research on practical methods for protecting man from the effects of excessive radiation is emphasized. To date the sulfhydryl compounds have shown the most promise for this purpose.
GSK-3 Promotes Conditional Association of CREB and Its Coactivators with MEIS1 to Facilitate HOX-Mediated Transcription and Oncogenesis
Authors: Zhong Wang, Masayuki Iwasaki, Francesca Ficara, Chenwei Lin, Christina Matheny, Stephen H.K. Wong, Kevin S. Smith, Michael L. Cleary
Journal: Cancer Cell (2010)
Surgery: A Problem-Solving Approach
Authors: William G. Abel
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Surgery</h3> :<i>A Problem-Solving Approach</i>is a two-volume set with 90 well-chosen contributors. The first edition, edited solely by John H. Davis and titled<i>Clinical Surgery</i>, was released in 1987 and consisted of both a mammoth two-volume set (3213 pages) followed in 1991 by a companion abridged version (572 pages). The 1995 update, reduced to 2477 pages, has been well crafted through elimination of some material, combining of chapters, and more precision, remaining consistent with the text's intent. The 1400 graphics, both new and updated material, are informative and well intergrated with the text. The algorithms and "how-to" drawings are particularly well thought out and should prove very helpful for residents in training and clinical surgeons. A general textbook in most instances serves as a primary source of information but of necessity cannot cover everything, hence the problem-solving approach, which also characterized the first edition. In an exemplary fashion, the material
Recovery of Liver Function in Partially Hepatectomized Rats Evaluated by Aminopyrine Demethylation Capacity
Authors: I. Sendama, B. de Hemptinne, L. Lambotte
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

Aminopyrine demethylation was investigated in rats after a 70% hepatectomy to assess possible parallelism between the recovery of mass and function. Tests were performed by analyzing 14CO2 exhalation from 0.1 microCi per 100 gm of body weight of [dimethylamine-14C]aminopyrine given intraperitoneally with incremental doses of unlabeled drug. Early after 70% hepatectomy, Vmax was reduced by 52%. This discordance between mass and function was not due to extrahepatic aminopyrine demethylation, since liver exclusion reduced demethylation of aminopyrine to nearly nil. Whether it results from increased liver blood flow in the remnant liver is less clear: portacaval anastomosis provoked an identical fall in Vmax and liver blood flow, but aortal-portal fistula which increased liver blood flow by 70% did not modify Vmax. The early increase in Vmax could be related to a "hepatotrophic" factor of splanchnic origin which increased after partial hepatectomy and decreased after portacaval shunt. After the early period, Vmax, expressed per gram of actual liver weight, returned to control range. Throughout regeneration (4 to 144 hr), no modification was observed in Km nor in cytochrome P-450 concentration. Enzymatic induction with phenobarbital increased the demethylation capacity more than liver weight in intact and regenerating liver. Except for the first hours after partial hepatectomy or after enzymatic induction, the aminopyrine demethylation capacity directly correlated with liver mass and may be useful in evaluating liver regeneration in vivo.
Functional morphology of the pressure- and the volume-hypertrophied rat heart.
Authors: H L Lin, K V Katele, A F Grimm
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

We studied hearts in which hypertrophy was caused by both pressure and volume overload. Pressure hypertrophy was induced by an aortic constriction; volume hypertrophy was induced by an iron-copper deficiency (anemia). The ventricular weight was increased by 34% in the pressure-hypertrophied hearts at the end of 6 weeks. The ventricular weight was increased by 54% in the volume-hypertrophied hearts at the end of 3 months. A potassium arrest-formalin fixation technique was used to produce a "diastole-like" ventricle. In the pressure-hypertrophied ventricle, the ventricular wall thickness and external radii were significantly increased, whereas the valve-to-apex distance and internal radii remained unchanged. We also found that in the volume-hypertrophied ventricle there was an increase in the valve-to-apex distance, external radii, internal radii, and wall thickness. Although external and internal dimensions increased, the ventricular shape did not change significantly in the volume-hypertrophied ventricle.
“Sparing the surgeon”: clinical experience with over-the-scope clips for gastrointestinal perforation
Authors: L. Seebach, P. Bauerfeind, C. Gubler
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

With increasingly advanced therapeutic endoscopic procedures and more complex gastrointestinal surgery, endoscopists are more often confronted with perforations, fistulas, and anastomotic leakages for which nonsurgical closure is desired. The over-the-scope clip (OTSC) is a novel endoscopic tool for consideration in such situations. We treated seven patients (age range 35 – 83 years; five men, two women), three with colonic perforation, one with perforation of the stomach, and three with anastomotic leakage after gastrointestinal surgery. Follow-up was at least 74 days. Eight OTSCs were deployed. In all but one patient closure of the perforation was demonstrated. Further surgery was avoided in four of the seven patients. The OTSC is a system that is easy to handle and safe. It seems to be ideally suited to use for a relatively small (iatrogenic) perforation, where a single clip can be released with carbon dioxide insufflation. Anastomosis leakage and larger dehiscence can also be treated to avoid further surgery, but the utility in this situation needs to be defined in the future.
House‐dust mites and summer cottages
Authors: J. Korsgaard, H. Harving
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Estimated indoor climate conditions in unheated summer cottages offers house-dust mites unfavorable temperature and feeding conditions while giving them optimum humidity conditions. We aimed to estimate the exposure level of house-dust mites in summer cottages.A total of 37 summer cottages were sampled for house dust and storage mites in three locations and the results compared with samples from 33 patients suspected of house-dust mite allergy and living in ordinary houses. The processed dust samples were investigated by microscopy and exposure levels given as number of mites per 0.1 g dust.The summer cottages were without exception all heavily infested with threefold or higher concentrations of both house dust and storage mites in comparison with ordinary houses. In unheated summer cottages were found tropical high concentrations of house dust and storage mites with a median concentration of house-dust mites in mattress dust of 2000 house-dust mites/g of dust which corresponds to an average of 40 microg allergen/g of mattress dust.As a probable consequence of high indoor air humidity conditions in unheated summer cottages in winter, dust samples contained threefold or higher concentrations of house dust and storage mites. Indoor humidity conditions thus more than compensated for lack of continuous supply of skin scales from human beings and an unfavorable low indoor air temperature. The uniform high mite exposure in summer cottages is likely to imply disease deterioration in patients already allergic to mites.