tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Losartan-Induced Hepatotoxicity-Reply
Authors: Allan I. Goldberg
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Dr Bosch provides the first reported case of abnormalities of liver function of this magnitude in a patient treated with losartan documented by rechallenge. Noteworthy was the reversibility of the liver function test result abnormalities after each discontinuation of treatment with losartan.  Controlled clinical trials of losartan in nearly 3000 patients showed that abnormalities of liver function occurred at a frequency comparable with that of placebo or control agents. 1 The current prescribing information for losartan states that occasional elevations of liver enzymes and/or serum bilirubin have occurred. In almost 3 years of marketing, Merck & Co, Inc has received approximately 80 reports of liver function abnormalities among an estimated 2 million patients who have received losartan. Overall, losartan remains well tolerated; as with all of our products, we will continue to monitor the safety profile of this drug.
Antecedents and correlates of improved cognitive performance in children exposed in utero to low levels of lead.
Authors: D Bellinger, A Leviton, J Sloman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

Up to 2 years of age, children with umbilical cord blood lead levels of 10 to 25 micrograms/dL achieve significantly lower scores on tests of cognitive development than do children with lower prenatal exposures. By age 5 years, however, they appear to have recovered from, or at least compensated for, this early insult. Change in performance between 24 and 57 months of age was examined in relation to level of postnatal lead exposure and various sociodemographic factors. Among children with high prenatal lead exposure, greater recovery of function was associated with lower blood level at 57 months, higher socioeconomic status, higher Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment scores, higher maternal IQ, and female gender. The difference between the scores at 57 months of children with optimal and less optimal values on these variables generally exceed 1/2 standard deviation. Higher prenatal lead exposure is associated with an increased risk of early cognitive deficit. Furthermore, the risk that a deficit will persist through the preschool years is increased among children with high prenatal exposure and either high postnatal exposure or less optimal sociodemographic characteristics.
The Therapeutics of Haemoptysis
Authors: G. G. Rogers
Journal: BMJ (1871)

of Liverpool, has contributed to the last number of the JOURNAL a very able clinical lecture on haemoptysis.I gather from his concluding remarks on treatment, that he rightly, in mv opinion, gives the preference to gallic acid, next to sulphuric acid, and, failing these, to acetate of lead.I am inclined to accept the correctness of Dr.Waters's observations on the unsatisfactory results which follow the use of digitalis in pulmonary hoemorrhage.The City Road Hospital Pharmacopara contains a formula for its administrationi, but I have little doubt that to the combination of sulphuric acid and laudanum a grea-t part of its popularity is due.Still, in hemoptysis depend- ing on a material obstruction in the left heart, I put greae reliance on this drug.Dr. Waters closes his paper with an allusion to turpen- tine, and seemingly intimates that he has exhausted the list of styptics.Surely alumen exsiccatum and diluted acetic acid are worthy of a place.
Metabolic bone disease in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
Authors: A Verstraeten, J Dequeker, P Geusens
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

Metabolic bone disease in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis SIR, Revell et al.' in their paper on the incidence of metabolic bone disease in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis state that they found evidence of osteopor- osis in about a quarter of all patients and that osteoporosis was equally common among patients with osteoarthritis and those with rheumatoid arthritis.However, in their paper they did not define 'histological osteoporosis', neither did they define the diagnosis of osteoarthritis.From the data mentioned in Table 1, i.e., youngest age in the female and male group of 26 years and three cases of ankle involvement in the osteoarthritis group, one can conclude that their osteoarthritis group is
PLASTIC SURGERY, WITH CASES.—FORMATION OF NEW CHEEK.
Authors: C. E. RUTH
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Plastic surgery principally concerns the repair of skin or mucous membrane defects. Direct approximation of edges, by undermining and stretching, fixed by sutures, is easy and sure of satisfactory results if tension is not too great and the tissue healthy. This method may be aided by lateral subsidiary incisions to facilitate sliding, the lateral clefts being left to granulate and cicatrize, or are closed by grafts placed at once, or as soon as. good healthy granulation tissue has formed. Flap formation, with or without twisting of the pedicle, will in some cases serve a useful purpose. Marginal connection of flaps from a distant part of the body, released from pedicle connection later, has a very limited field. The confinement is most irksome; besides, the vitality of the disconnected flap is feeble for a long time. In all cases where the new skin can be made to rest upon an underlying,
Improving NICE's social value judgments
Authors: Jonathan A Michaels
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Some other goals are scarcely utopian.It should not be an insuperable task to make sure the places where we deliver care are clean, not only in the wards and departments where it most matters, but in every passage way and waiting area.According to the Healthcare Commission the private sector manages these things better.Surely it is not an unreasonable expectation that the NHS will do so long before 2015. Work in progressAlthough in many ways the NHS in 2015 may fall short of what many aspire to, we must not undervalue how far it has come.The incremental changes that mark progress will continue.Advances in clinical science and their translation into services, practice, and care will be steps to improvement.Quality and clinical excellence will be an intrinsic part of a health service that is fit for the needs and expectations of patients.The long and deeply ingrained urge to question clinical practice and improve care will be supported by adequate investment.And at last we are beginning to see recognition and mature acceptance of a responsibility to match expectations and demands with ethical best use of the resources available.A new behaviour among public and providers alike, a mature conversation between clinicians and patients might seem unrealistic, but it is not beyond imagination.
Iraq’s Prescription for Violent Barriers to Health Care: Cell Phones and E-mail
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Transplantation for Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Improvement in the Lung Allocation Score Era”
Authors: Justin M. Schaffer, Steve K. Singh, David L. Joyce, Bruce A. Reitz, Robert C. Robbins, Roham T. Zamanian, Hari R. Mallidi
Journal: Circulation (2014)
Inhaled drugs and global warming: time to shift to dry powder inhalers
Authors: T. Hillman, F. Mortimer, N. S. Hopkinson
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Myelination influences brain connectivity during sensitive periods of development by enhancing neural signaling speed and regulating synapse formation to reduce plasticity. However, <i>in vivo</i> studies characterizing the maturational timing of cortical myelination during human development remain scant. Here, we take advantage of recent advances in high-resolution cortical T1w/T2w myelin mapping methods, including principled correction of B1+ transmit field effects, using data from the Human Connectome Project in Development (<i>N</i>=628, ages 8-21) to characterize the maturational timing of myelination from childhood through early adulthood throughout the cerebral neocortex. We apply Bayesian spline models and functional latent clustering analysis to demonstrate graded variation in the rate of cortical T1w/T2w myelin growth in neocortical areas that is strongly correlated with the sensorimotor-association (S-A) axis of cortical organization reported by others. In sensorimotor areas T1w/T2w myelin starts at high levels at early ages, increases at a fast pace, and decelerates at later ages (18-21). In intermediate multimodal areas along the S-A axis, T1w/T2w myelin tends to start at intermediate levels and increase linearly at an intermediate pace. In transmodal/paralimbic association areas high along the S-A axis, T1w/T2w myelin tends to start at low levels and increase linearly at the slowest pace. These data provide evidence for graded variation along the S-A axis in the rate of cortical myelination during adolescence, which could reflect ongoing plasticity underlying the development of complex information processing and psychological functioning. <h3>Significance Statement</h3> Myelin is a lipid membrane that is essential to healthy brain function. Myelin wraps axons to increase neural signaling speed, enabling complex neuronal functioning underlying learning and cognition. Here we characterize the developmental timing of myelination across the cerebral cortex during adolescence using recent advances in non-invasive myelin mapping. Our results provide new evidence demonstrating graded variation across the cortex in the timing of myelination during adolescence, with rapid myelination in lower-order sensory areas and gradual myelination in higher-order association areas. This spatial pattern of microstructural brain development closely parallels the sensorimotor-to-association axis of cortical organization and plasticity during ontogeny.
LEFT-VENTRICULAR SUPPORT BY INTRAVENTRICULAR BLOOD PUMP DURING HIGH-RISK CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY
Authors: D. Loisance, J.L.Dubois Randé, P. Merlet, D. Lellouche, A. Castaigne, H. Geschwind, PH. Deleuze, J. Okudé, J.P. Cachera
Journal: The Lancet (1989)
REPORT OF A CASE OF EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA HEREDITARIA.
Authors: L. E. SCHMIDT
Journal: JAMA (1901)

On account of the comparative infrequency of these cases, but not for any unusual circumstances in connection with it, the case is reported. W. Beatty, in 1897, gave a most complete review of the cases and literature up to that time. Rona, in 1899, was able to collect but 18 cases in the literature. As in one case of Dr. Elliot, we find from the history that apparently this affection originated in the patient and was not inherited. In regard to this we know that there must be a starting point, and should there not be any hereditary influence in this case we can not point out why the boy is affected, as the clinical history does not differ from any one of those where we know an hereditary influence is present. Nevertheless, some authorities persist in calling it an hereditary disease. In my case from its inception the second
Fine needle aspiration of hepatic colorectal metastases: <i>BMJ</i> enters arena of tabloid journalism
Authors: Anton E Joseph
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—That the BMJ decided to publish the lesson of the week by Metcalfe et al with an eye catching title smacking of tabloid journalism is most surprising.1 To dismiss outright as useless and dangerous the procedure of fine needle aspiration of suspected colorectal metastases will raise serious doubts in the minds of many clinicians of the safety of this procedure, not only in colorectal metastases but in any liver …
An Autopsy Case of Troglitazone-Induced Fulminant Hepatitis
Authors: Akitaka Shibuya, Masaaki Watanabe, Yoshikuni Fujita, Katsunori Saigenji, Sadahito Kuwao, Hisao Takahashi, Haruo Takeuchi
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To study an autopsy case of troglitazone-induced fulminant hepatitis. CASE REPORT A 58-year-old man contracted severe hepatitis 2 months after administration of troglitazone for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Liver damage progressed gradually, even after withdrawal of the agent. Despite intensive therapy, the hepatitis became fulminant and the patient died 8 weeks after the onset of liver damage. Autopsy revealed massive hepatic necrosis and cholestasis with inflammatory cell infiltration. The pathological findings and the positive result of the drug-induced lymphocyte stimulation test for troglitazone indicated that the liver damage was mediated by hypersensitivity to troglitazone. CONCLUSIONS One report has attributed troglitazone-induced liver damage in less severe cases to idiosyncratic reactions. However, the present case indicates that troglitazone can induce hypersensitivity resulting in fulminant hepatitis. Careful monitoring of serum liver enzymes during troglitazone therapy is therefore essential.
Validation of a Nomogram Predicting the Probability of Lymph Node Invasion among Patients Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy and an Extended Pelvic Lymphadenectomy
Authors: Alberto Briganti, Felix K.-H. Chun, Andrea Salonia, Giuseppe Zanni, Vincenzo Scattoni, Luc Valiquette, Patrizio Rigatti, Francesco Montorsi, Pierre I. Karakiewicz
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Induction of mutagenic DNA damage in human fibroblasts after exposure to artificial tanning lamps
Authors: A. WOOLLONS, P.H. CLINGEN, M.L. PRICE, C. FARLETT, M.H.L. GREEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

There is increasing concern about the adverse health effects associated with the use of sunbeds, particularly with respect to skin photocarcinogenesis. The induction of mutagenic DNA damage is a prerequisite for the development of skin tumours, and it is well established that direct types of damage such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) give rise to mutations in tumour suppressor genes and oncogenes. In addition, ultraviolet radiation may induce indirect types of DNA damage, including oxidative products, which are also potentially mutagenic. By using specific DNA repair enzymes (T4 endonuclease V and endonuclease III) and the comet assay we have been able to detect the induction of CPDs, oxidized or hydrated pyrimidine bases and single-strand breaks in cultured human fibroblasts (MRC-5) after exposure for between 15 s and 20 min on two different commercial sunbeds containing Philips 'Performance' 100W-R or Philips TL80W/10R lamps. The ratio of endonuclease III to T4 endonuclease V sensitive sites varied substantially between the two lamps and was 3.3% and 18%, respectively. The sunbed containing the 'Performance' 100W-R lamps was as potent at inducing CPDs as was natural sunlight in fine weather. These results establish that commercial tanning lamps produce the types of DNA damage associated with photocarcinogenesis in human cells, and complement epidemiological evidence indicating the potential risk of using sunbeds.
Australian MPs demand more data on dabigatran for atrial fibrillation
Authors: D. Brill
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Australia is standing firm on its refusal to fund the high profile new anticoagulant dabigatran (marketed as Pradaxa) for preventing strokes in people with atrial fibrillation.

A long anticipated report from the Department of Health and Ageing, published last month,1 urged the federal government to again postpone a decision on whether taxpayers should fund the new generation anticoagulants until further data were available.

The government followed the recommendation, defying considerable pressure from the public and the manufacturer, Boehringer Ingelheim, in a saga spanning almost two years.

The government has asked the company to gather more data, redo its economic analyses, and restate its case to a March meeting of the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee, the expert group advising the health minister, Tanya Plibersek, on which drugs to subsidise.

Plibersek said that dabigatran had been used differently in the real world than in clinical trials and that its net benefit and cost …
Apoptotic response to homoharringtonine in human wt p53 leukemic cells is independent of reactive oxygen species generation and implicates Bax translocation, mitochondrial cytochrome c release and caspase activation
Authors: Z Cai, M Lin, C Wuchter, V Ruppert, B Dörken, W-D Ludwig, L Karawajew
Journal: Leukemia (2001)
A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR CALCULATING THYROID BURDEN IN A NUCLEAR MEDICINE DEPARTMENT
Authors: Shashadhar M. Mohapatra, Larry D. Morefield, E. William Allen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1996)

University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, ok 73190 and*Diagnostic Technology Consultants, Inc., 9504 West Cluster, Tampa, Florida 33615-2767.
ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECTS OF A TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: RICHARD N. KOHL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1951)

The administrator of a psychiatric hospital plays an important role in treatment as well as in teaching and research. Management of the hospital environment is in every respect therapeutic, and therefore should be based upon a dynamic concept of psychiatry. 1. Admission policies are established in relation to therapeutic facilities as well as special interests in teaching and research. 2. The training program for resident physicians is closely related to administrative policies. 3. Distribution of patients throughout the hospital is not determined by diagnosis but by the patient's medical needs and social adaptability. 4. The physical aspects of the hospital environment are of dynamic significance in psychotherapy. 5. Analysis of the patient's reaction to the hospital's special needs, to restrictions, and to the group reveals factors that are dynamically significant in psychotherapy. 6. The administrative psychiatrist is responsible for treatment of the group as a whole and is thus influential in directing psychotherapy of the individual patient. 7. The hospital environment facilitates treatment of the personality with regard to all its aspects. 8. A social behavior chart is used for personality investigation of patients assigned to floors of a convalescent and unrestricted nature and has been found to be of considerable value with regard to administrative decisions, in individual psychotherapy, and in the training program for nurses and resident psychiatrists.
Interventions before consultations to help patients address their information needs by encouraging question asking: systematic review
Authors: P. Kinnersley, A. Edwards, K. Hood, R. Ryan, H. Prout, N. Cadbury, F. MacBeth, P. Butow, C. Butler
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the effects on patients, clinicians, and the healthcare system of interventions before consultations to help patients or their representatives gather information in consultations by question asking. <b>Design</b> Systematic review with meta-analysis. <b>Data sources</b> Electronic literature searches of seven databases and hand searching of one journal and bibliographies of relevant articles. <b>Review methods</b> Inclusion criteria included randomised controlled trials. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Primary outcomes were question asking; patients' anxiety, knowledge, and satisfaction; and length of consultation. <b>Results</b> 33 randomised trials of variable quality involving 8244 patients were identified. A few studies showed positive effects. Meta-analyses showed small and statistically significantly increases in question asking (standardised mean difference 0.27, 95% confidence interval 0.19 to 0.36) and patients' satisfaction (0.09, 0.03 to 0.16). Non-statistically significant changes occurred in patients' anxiety before consultations (weighted mean difference −1.56, −7.10 to 3.97), patients' anxiety after consultations (standardised mean difference −0.08, −0.22 to 0.06), patients' knowledge (−0.34, −0.94 to 0.25), and length of consultation (0.10, −0.05 to 0.25). Interventions comprising written materials had similar effects on question asking, consultation length, and patients' satisfaction as those comprising the coaching of patients. Interventions with additional training of clinicians had little further effect than those targeted at patients alone for patients' satisfaction and consultation length. <b>Conclusions</b> Interventions for patients before consultations produce small benefits for patients. This may be because patients and clinicians have established behaviours in consultations that are difficult to change. Alternatively small increases in question asking may not be sufficient to make notable changes to other outcomes.
Genotype-phenotype relationships in hepatocellular tumors from mice and man
Authors: Sabine Stahl, Carina Ittrich, Philip Marx‐Stoelting, Christoph Köhle, Özge Altug‐Teber, Olaf Riess, Michael Bonin, Jürgen Jobst, Stephan Kaiser, Albrecht Buchmann, Michael Schwarz
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Experimentally induced liver tumors in mice harbor activating mutations in either Catnb (β-catenin) or Ha-ras, according to the carcinogenic treatment. We have now investigated by microarray analysis the gene expression profiles in tumors of the two genotypes. In total, 364 genes or expressed sequences with aberrant expression relative to normal liver were identified, but only 30 of these demonstrated unidirectional changes in both tumor types. Several functional clusters were identified that involve changes in amino acid utilization and ammonia disposition in Catnb-mutated tumors as opposed to alterations in lipid and cholesterol metabolism in Ha-ras–mutated tumors. Moreover, several genes coding for inhibitory molecules within the Wnt-signaling pathway were upregulated in Catnb-mutated tumors, suggesting induction of a negative feedback loop, whereas Ha-ras–mutated tumors showed alterations in the expression of several genes functional in monomeric G-protein signaling. We conclude that mouse hepatoma cells adopt different evolutionary strategies that allow for their selective outgrowth under variable environmental conditions. Human hepatocellular cancers (HCC) lack RAS mutations but are frequently mutated in CTNNB1, the human Catnb ortholog. The set of genes aberrantly expressed in Catnb-mutated mouse tumors was used to screen, by expression profiling, for dysregulation of orthologous genes within a panel of 25 HCCs, of which 10 were CTNNB1-mutated. HCCs with activated β-catenin displayed a gene expression profile that was similar to Catnb-mutated mouse tumors but distinct from the other human HCCs. In conclusion, expression fingerprints may be used for diagnostic purposes and potential new therapeutic intervention strategies. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the HEPATOLOGY website (http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0270-9139/suppmat/index/html). (HEPATOLOGY 2005.)