tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Heterophil Antibody in Adults with Sore Throat
Authors: MARK D. ARONSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

We studied the prevalence and the clinical and laboratory findings of infectious mononucleosis in ambulatory adult patients with the presenting symptom of sore throat. Extensive clinical data, heterophil antibody test, and differential leukocyte count were obtained prospectively for 709 patients, aged 16 to 73 years, seen in four primary care settings. Heterophil tests were positive in 15 of 709 patients (2%); four of the 15 had greater than 10% atypical lymphocytes. No heterophil-negative patient had greater than 10% atypical lymphocytes. Heterophil-positive patients had mild disease; none was older than 40 years. Of 70 symptoms and signs evaluated, four were found significantly more often (p 〈 0.005 for each) in the heterophil-positive patients: palatine petechiae, posterior auricular adenopathy, marked axillary adenopathy, and inguinal adenopathy. If any of these four easily shown physical findings was present, the likelihood of the patient having heterophil antibody was considerably increased; if absent, the probability of infectious mononucleosis was so low that not ordering a heterophil test or differential leukocyte count would have been efficient and safe.
Prognosis of Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Kunio Okuda, Hiroshi Obata, Yukio Nakajima, Toshio Ohtsuki, Nobuo Okazaki, Kunihiko Ohnishi
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

Prognosis of 600 consecutive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma was analyzed in relation to treatment. They were divided into three stages based on four parameters of advanced disease: ascites, tumor greater than 50% of the two-dimensional size of the liver, serum albumin below 3 gm per dl, and serum bilirubin above 3 mg per dl. Stage I had none of these signs; Stage II one or two signs, and Stage III three or all signs. Of 600 patients, 98 had resection, 333 had nonsurgical treatment (158 treated by intraarterial chemotherapy, 94 systemic chemotherapy, 77 transcatheter embolization, and 4 others) and 169 no treatment. The median survival of untreated patients was only 1.6 months from diagnosis, and no untreated Stage III patient lived more than 3 months; there was a median survival of 0.7 month. Surgically treated patients lived significantly longer than nonsurgical patients of comparable stages; median survival was 19.6 months in the former and 2.8 months in the latter. Whereas Stage I patients did fairly well without treatment, chemotherapy significantly prolonged survival of patients of Stages II and III. These results suggest that early diagnosis and hepatic resection improve prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in the areas where this cancer frequently emerges unicentrically. In view of the generally poor prognosis, liver transplantation is recommended when resection is not possible or indicated, and before extrahepatic metastasis occurs.
916-85 Correction of Mitral and Tricuspid Regurgitation Improves Hemodynamic and Clinical Status in the Patients with Primary Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: N. Radovanović, F. Vuk, Lj. Petrović, J. Lavač, M. Kovač, M. Popov, B. Mihajlović, Z. Potić
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Normal Reference Laboratory Values?
Authors: Sioufi Ha, Jacobson Ms
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

The following is a table of reference values for adults for laboratory tests commonly ordered at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and recorded in the Case Records. The table revises the most recently published data (Normal Reference Laboratory Values. N Engl J Med 1998;339:1063-72). Laboratory values are expressed in the units used at the MGH and the units of the Systeme International d'Unites (SI units). The table is not intended to provide a comprehensive review of reference values, since this information is widely available in standard textbooks. To avoid suggesting an endorsement of commercial products by the hospital or the Journal, . . .
Myocardial infarct size-limiting effect of ischemic preconditioning was not attenuated by oxygen free-radical scavengers in the rabbit.
Authors: T Iwamoto, T Miura, T Adachi, T Noto, T Ogawa, A Tsuchida, O Iimura
Journal: Circulation (1991)

The limiting effect of ischemic preconditioning on infarct size has been reported in canine hearts, which contain considerable amounts of xanthine oxidase, a free radical-producing enzyme. Furthermore, a recent study suggested that free radicals generated during preconditioning may contribute to the cardioprotective effect of preconditioning. The present study examined 1) whether preconditioning limits infarct size in rabbits, which, like humans, lack myocardial xanthine oxidase and 2) whether the cardioprotective effect of PC is mediated by free radicals.A branch of the circumflex coronary artery in rabbits was occluded for 30 minutes and then reperfused for 72 hours. Myocardial infarct size and area at risk were determined by histology and fluorescent particles, respectively. Five groups were studied: an untreated control group, a preconditioned group (PC group), a high-dose superoxide dismutase (SOD)-treated preconditioned group (high-dose SOD-PC group), a low-dose SOD-treated preconditioned group (low-dose SOD-PC group), and a SOD-plus-catalase-treated preconditioned group (SOD/CAT-PC group). Preconditioning was performed with four episodes of 5 minutes of ischemia and 5 minutes of reperfusion. The free radical scavengers (30,000 units/kg SOD for high-dose SOD-PC group, 15,000 units/kg SOD for low-dose SOD-PC group, and 30,000 units/kg SOD plus 55,000 units/kg catalase for SOD/CAT-PC group) were infused intravenously over 60 minutes starting 20 minutes before preconditioning. Infarct size as the percentage of area at risk was 45.1 +/- 3.5% (mean +/- SEM) in the control group (n = 11), 13.3 +/- 3.0% in the PC group (n = 12), 9.7 +/- 1.8% in the high-dose SOD-PC group (n = 8), 11.9 +/- 2.2% in the low-dose SOD-PC group (n = 6), and 9.6 +/- 2.3% in the SOD/CAT-PC group (n = 6) (p less than 0.05 versus control for the last four values). The differences in infarct size as the percent of area at risk among the PC, high-dose SOD-PC, low-dose SOD-PC, and SOD/CAT-PC groups were not significant.Ischemic preconditioning delays ischemic myocardial necrosis regardless of myocardial xanthine oxidase content. Free radicals are unlikely to have a major role in the mechanism of the preconditioning in rabbits.
Has the California Tobacco Control Program Reduced Smoking?
Authors: John P. Pierce
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Comprehensive community-wide tobacco control programs are considered appropriate public health approaches to reduce population smoking prevalence.To examine trends in smoking behavior before, during, and after the California Tobacco Control Program.Per capita cigarette consumption data (1983-1997) were derived from tobacco industry sales figures. Adult (> or =18 years) smoking prevalence data were obtained from the National Health Interview Surveys (1978-1994), the California Tobacco Surveys (1990-1996), the Current Population Surveys (1992-1996), and the California Behavioral Risk Factor Survey and its supplement (1991-1997). Trends were compared before and after introduction of the program, with the period after the program being divided into 2 parts (early, 1989-1993; late, 1994-1996).Change in cigarette consumption and smoking prevalence in California compared with the rest of the United States.Per capita cigarette consumption declined 52% faster in California in the early period than previously (from 9.7 packs per person per month at the beginning of the program to 6.5 packs per person per month in 1993), and the decline was significantly greater in California than in the rest of the United States (P<.001). In the late period, the decline in California slowed to 28% of the early program so that in 1996 an average of 6.0 packs per person per month were consumed. No decline occurred in the rest of the United States, and in 1996, 10.5 packs per person per month were consumed. Smoking prevalence showed a similar pattern, but in the late period, there was no significant decline in prevalence in either California or the rest of the United States. In 1996, smoking prevalence was 18.0% in California and 22.4% in the rest of the United States.The initial effect of the program to reduce smoking in California did not persist. Possible reasons include reduced program funding, increased tobacco industry expenditures for advertising and promotion, and industry pricing and political activities. The question remains how the public health community can modify the program to regain its original momentum.
TREATMENT OF CERTAIN FORMS OF CANCER BY THE X-RAYS.
Authors: FRANCIS H. WILLIAMS
Journal: JAMA (1901)

It is well recognized that cancer is on the increase, and reliable statistics made in various countries and extending over periods of years prove that the rapidity of this increase is surprisingly great. Any method of successful treatment, even though it may be limited in its application to certain forms of this disease, will prove to be a great boon to humanity. Further, as is natural with the advance in the application of science to medicine, the opportunities for the irregular practitioner will be curtailed. Although I shall refer to but few of the cases I have treated. I hope to present enough to have the reader share my opinion, namely, that in the x-rays we have an agent which causes superficial external forms of cancer to heal; and this may be done without pain to the patient. From the standpoint of treatment by the x-rays, cancers may be divided
The European Lung Corner
Authors: Jean-Paul Sculier
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

the European Lung Corner.The European Lung Corner will introduce topics of European Union (EU) affairs relevant to respiratory medicine and science.As you may or may not be aware, the European Respiratory Society (ERS) has an office in Brussels, Belgium, situated in the heart of the European quarter, entirely dedicated to advocacy and raising awareness among the public and policy makers of the burden of respiratory diseases across Europe.In doing so, the EU Affairs Dept works to promote prevention, health research, environmental protection, tobacco control and public health.
Gene transfer to the rat biliary tract with the HVJ-cationic liposome method
Authors: Tetsuya Uehara, Kazuo Honda, Etsuro Hatano, Ryuta Terao, Yuji Iimuro, Naritaka Yamamoto, Masayuki Yamamoto, Yasufumi Kaneda, Yoshio Yamaoka
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1999)
Abstract 2092: Control of histone 3 lysine 27 methylation by microRNA 520b in medulloblastoma
Authors: Irina Alimova, Sujatha Venkataraman, Purvi Patel, Peter Harris, Rajeev Vibhakar
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs with gene expression regulation at posttranscriptional and transcriptional level. MicroRNAs are widely known to play a key role in carcinogenesis. We investigated the role of microRNAs in medulloblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood. We found that microRNA 520b is over expressed in medulloblastoma compared to normal cerebellum. We next examined the biological significance of microRNA 520b. Transfection of medulloblastoma cells (DAOY and ONS76) with microRNA 520b significantly increased cell proliferation and enhanced anchorage-independent growth in soft agar compared to parental cells. Conversely, over expression of anti-microRNA 520b in medulloblastoma cells decreases cell proliferation and colony formation in soft agar. Bio-informatics analysis revealed several chromatin-remodeling proteins as potential targets of microRNA 520b. One of these, SUV39H1 is a histone methyl transferase that methylates histone 3 lysine 27 and suppresses activation of associated promoters. It is known that histone methylation is a major determinant for the formation of active and inactive regions of the genome and is crucial for the proper programming of the genome during development. We found that inhibition of microRNA 520b results in increased expression of SUV39H1 and subsequent methylation of Histone 3 Lys27 in medulloblastoma cells. SUV39H1 is known to be a tumor suppressor and is mutated in a subset of medulloblastoma. These data indicate that microRNA 520b can function as an oncogene in medulloblastoma by regulating histone modifications. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2092.
Risks of intracranial haematoma in head injured adults
Authors: O M P Jolobe
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Baxter's suggestion-namely, to change the warnings on packets of cotton tipped swabs and warn the mothers of possible dangers.As it is not practical and also not generally advisable to use recurrent syringing for the removal of wax plugs in children, the use of olive oil or other commercially available wax softener ear drops (Waxsol, Cerumol) should be encouraged.The softened wax plugs can then be easily cleaned with either cotton swabs or ordinary cleaning tissue paper.
High blood pressure in young people and premature death
Authors: B. Williams
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Alternative strategies are needed to stratify risk and determine treatment thresholds

In the linked cohort study (doi:10.1136/bmj.d643), Sundstrom and colleagues followed more than 1.2 million young Swedish army conscripts over a 37 year period to assess the relation between blood pressure in late adolescence and subsequent cardiovascular mortality and total mortality⇓.1



RIA/Alamy

Blood pressure values track from childhood, indicating a slow process of disease evolution—a process that is now accelerated by the rise in childhood obesity. The clinical dilemma is when to intervene with lifestyle interventions and treatment.2 The problem with guidelines is that they are based on evidence from clinical trials with hard clinical end points such as coronary heart disease, stroke events, or death. Such events occur mainly in older people, so younger people with high blood pressure are largely excluded from the trials.

Furthermore, using cardiovascular risk assessment to stratify younger people for treatment is problematic because young people are at low short term risk and are thus unlikely to reach the required risk threshold for treatment. The decision about what to do with younger people with high blood pressure has also been compounded by a lack of data about the relation between blood pressure in the young and the subsequent risk of death.

The challenge to acquire such …
Low Frequency of 5'-Flanking Insertion of Human Insulin Gene in Japanese Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Subjects
Authors: N Aoyama, T Nakamura, K Doi, S Baba, R Takahashi, T Sugiyama
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

Polymorphism in the 5'-flanking region of the human insulin gene in 149 unrelated Japanese subjects [77 with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), 17 with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and 55 controls] was analyzed with Southern blot hybridization. We used the size of the hybridized fragments to classify the locus into three groups according to Bell's method (a short, class 1 allele averaging 570 base pairs; an intermediate-size, class 2 allele averaging 1320 base pairs, and a long, class 3 allele averaging 2470 base pairs in size). The allelic frequency of classes 2 and 3 in 298 alleles was 5.0% and in the 146 alleles of NIDDM, 7.8%. The value is lower than in Caucasians, American Blacks, and Pima Indians, and the results suggest that the 5'-flanking insertion is not a genetic marker in most NIDDM patients who are Japanese. However, the frequency of the 5'-flanking insertion in those who were not obese and had a family history of diabetes was higher than that of other NIDDM patients (P = .013), and the frequency in NIDDM patients with onset of diabetes at age less than or equal to 39 yr was lower than those whose onset was at age greater than or equal to 40 yr (P = .053). As NIDDM is a heterogeneous disorder, further analysis is needed. These results suggest that we cannot completely exclude the meaning of the insertion in NIDDM. On the other hand, the frequency in IDDM was 0%, lower than in NIDDM (P = .094). Because the number of subjects studied was small, this result is speculative.
Electroencephalographic and Plasma Electrolyte Changes After Cardiac Surgery in Children
Authors: A. Harden, G. H. Glaser, G. Pampiglione
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Serial electroencephalographic studies were carried out during the first few days following open heart surgery in 53 children who had an uneventful surgical procedure and postoperative recovery. While the E.E.G. taken a few hours after the end of the operation was comparable to the preoperative one, an increase in slow activity subsequently occurred in all patients and reached its maximum on the first or second postoperative day. This increase in slow activity was not commonly associated with any obvious altered state of consciousness and the preoperative E.E.G. patterns reappeared within one week. A fall in plasma sodium level with a comparable fall in plasma chloride usually occurred around the second postoperative day, returning to the preoperative levels by the fourth postoperative day.It is suggested that both events are part of a normal reversible physiological response to the operative trauma. The presence of generalized slow activity in the E.E.G. in the first few days after heart surgery does not necessarily imply that there has been cerebral damage from anoxia.
Paul and Juhl's Essentials of Radiologic Imaging
Authors: Richard M. Gore
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Several generations of radiologists have "grown up" with<i>Paul and Juhl's Essentials of Radiologie Imaging</i>. The book's past success has been based on its ability to distill the essentials of diagnostic radiology into a manageable, user-friendly format. The sixth edition successfully continues this fine tradition. As in prior editions, the book is divided into six sections: the osseous system; the brain and spinal cord; the abdomen and gastrointestinal tract; the urinary and female genital tracts; the chest; and the face, mouth, and jaw. The chapters on the central nervous system, musculoskeletal system, and heart have been significantly expanded to incorporate the rapid advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that have occurred since the previous (1987) edition. The pulmonary section has been updated to include high-resolution, thin section computed tomography (CT) in interstitial lung disease. Ultrasound examination of the prostate and testis has been added, and coverage of ultrasound in obstetrics
A breathless patient
Authors: A. Seaton
Journal: BMJ (2001)

It was a familiar enough story in the chest clinic. A fit looking 61 year old professional man complained of shortness of breath. No chest pain, no wheeze, gradual onset, and not too bad. He had been a serious competitive oarsman until his early 50s, and he continued to train regularly on a rowing machine over 2000m. However, he sometimes noticed that he was short of breath climbing the stairs to bed. My usual approach had been careful examination, full lung function tests, ECG, blood count, a simple exercise test, and all being well, reassurance. However, in this case I dispensed with all of these save the first and the last.

He continued exercising and feeling the need to …
An epidemiological survey of virus warts of the hands among butchers
Authors: M. PEUTER, B. CLERCQ, A. MINETTE, J.M. LACHAPELLE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1977)

The prevalence of virus warts of the hands among butchers has been determined in three industrial butcheries by examining 536 meat-workers at their places of work. A prevalance of 23-8% has been found, which is significantly higher than the 8-5% prevalance found in 965 control adult subjects examined in different firms where manipulation of food does not occur. Further, the prevalence of virus warts of the hands has been found significantly higher in the 199 workers of one butchery (32-1%) than in 199 control subjects (10-1%) strictly matched for age and sex, and belonging to the same industrial area. In butchers, warts of the dorsal aspects of the hands are statistically less frequent than in control subjects when three localizations are considered (dorsal, palmar, dorsal plus palmar). No significant difference is observed when single localizations (dorsal or palmar) are considered. A definite explanation of the high prevalence of virus warts of the hands among butchers has not been found so far; some hypotheses are discussed in the light of the presnt study.
Abstract P4-06-24: KLF8 Induction of Mammary Epithelial Stem Cell Formation and Tumorigenesis by Regulating EMT-Associated MicroRNAs
Authors: X Wang, H Lu, T Li, AM Urvalek, L Yu, JA Bennett, J. Zhao
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Although it is well established that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) generates cells with properties of stem cells, the molecularmechanisms responsible for this change remain largely undefined. We set out to identify the mechanisms by examining the expression of stem cell markers as well as microRNAs in MCF-10A cells during EMT induction. By immunostaining and FACS analysis, we found that during EMT induction by either TGF-β treatment or overexpression of KLF8, both the expression of CD44high/CD24low and the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) were dramatically increased. Using microRNA PCR array, we identified a microRNA signature associated with the EMT. Using microRNA inhibitor, We further demonstrated that one of the microRNAs, miR-146a, is upregulated and plays an important role in keeping the stem cell percentage during EMT induced by both TGF-β and KLF8, as revealed by manipulation of miR-146a expression, analysis of the stem cell markers and mammosphere growth. Taken together, these results highlight a novel role for miR-146a in regulating the stem-like cell induction from MCF-10A cells by EMT. Experiments are in progress to investigate the contribution of KLF8-regulated expression of miR146a and its targets to the stem cell induction and transformation. Supported by: NIH, ACS, Komen and NYSTEM grants to J.Z. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-06-24.
Government is to rewrite competition legislation
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The UK government is to withdraw and rewrite controversial legislation that critics feared would greatly increase the role of private operators in the NHS in England.1

The Liberal Democrat health minister Norman Lamb said that the government would amend the wording of the regulations after admitting that they had “inadvertently created confusion and generated significant concerns” by appearing to compel …
Court to decide whether mother committed crime against child with fetal alcohol disorder
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The Court of Appeal for England and Wales is to rule on whether an alcoholic mother whose daughter was born with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder committed a violent crime against her child, in a test case that could open the way for dozens of similarly affected children to win payments from the Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority.

The case has been brought on behalf of a 7 year old girl with developmental problems by the unnamed local council in northwest England that is responsible for her. Publicity over the case has sparked a widespread debate over the dangers of drinking during pregnancy, and charities have voiced …
Double-blind comparative study of cluster and conventional immunotherapy schedules with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus
Authors: Ana Isabel Tabar, Susana Echechipía, Blanca Esther García, José María Olaguibel, Maria Teresa Lizaso, Belén Gómez, Maria Teresa Aldunate, Santiago Martin, Fernando Marcotegui
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)