tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Benzene exposure in the petroleum distribution industry associated with leukemia in the United Kingdom: overview of the methodology of a case-control study.
Authors: L Rushton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

This paper describes basic principles underlying the methodology for obtaining quantitative estimates of benzene exposure in the petroleum marketing and distribution industry. Work histories for 91 cases of leukemia and 364 matched controls (4 per case) identified for a cohort of oil distribution workers up to the end of 1992 were obtained, primarily from personnel records. Information on the distribution sites, more than 90% of which were closed at the time of data collection, was obtained from site visits and archive material. Industrial hygiene measurements measured under known conditions were assembled for different tasks. These were adjusted for conditions where measured data were not available using variables known to influence exposure, such as temperature, technology, percentage of benzene in fuel handled, products handled, number of loads, and job activity. A quantitative estimate of dermal contact and peak exposure was also made.
An evolutionary theory of pain must consider sex differences
Authors: Martin Voracek, Todd K. Shackelford
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

According to Williams, human facially expressed pain, and its perception by conspecifics, is generated by evolved mechanisms. We argue that a key variable – sex (male, female) – needs to be considered for a complete theory of pain expression and perception. To illustrate, we cite findings on sex differences in pain and pain perception, and in crying and crying responsiveness.
THE VALUE OF TEMPERANCE INSTRUCTION.
Authors: MARTHA M. ALLEN
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The Woman's Christian Temperance Union, which I have the honor to represent here to-day, has within its ranks a large number of women who are, or have been, engaged in the profession of teaching. The combination of temperance worker and teacher naturally led to great interest in the effort to safeguard the young against alcoholism by incorporating in the school curriculum, in connection with the study of physiology and hygiene, the results of laboratory investigations of the effects of alcohol on the human body. This instruction has been greatly hampered in its influence for good by the hostility of some educators; yet its value has been recognized in many homes and certified to by many who have enjoyed its benefits. In New York State several years ago an attempt was made by friends of moderate drinking to weaken the temperance instruction law. The State W. C. T. U. sent a
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES: MRI-Based Atlas of the Developing Mouse Brain Debuts
Authors: David C. Holzman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

international environmental health assessing the Global Composite impact of Chemicals on healthThe total role that the environment plays in contributing to premature death and disability remains sketchy, but researchers working with the World Health Organization (WHO) continue to flesh out the details.Now four WHO researchers have estimated the global burden of certain toxic substances for which adequate data are available. 1They have calculated that in 2004 2 at least 8.3% of all preventable deaths and 5.7% of the preventable portion of the metric known as disability-adjusted life years (DALYs, which address a blend of death and disease impacts) were caused by the toxics analyzed. 1Their estimates include health end points such as cardiovascular disease, cancers, neuropsychiatric disorders, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory infections, and birth defects. 3 The leading contributors to premature death and DALYs were indoor solid fuel combustion (1,965,000 deaths and 41,009,000 DALYs), outdoor air pollution (1,212,000 deaths and 8,747,000 DALYs), secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS; 603,000 deaths and 10,913,000 DALYs), chronic occupational exposures (581,000 deaths and 6,763,000 DALYs), chemicals involved in unintentional, nonoccupational acute poisonings (210,000 deaths and 4,603,000 DALYs), and suicide attempts using pesticides (186,000 deaths and 4,420,000 DALYs).Other toxics included in the global totals were asbestos, lead, arsenic in drinking water (but only in Bangladesh), and a few other chemicals, including some typically encountered in occupational settings. 1 Children under age 15 years were a highly susceptible group, suffering 54% of the total DALY burden.That includes 80% of the burden imposed by lead, 75% of that of indoor solid fuel use, 61% of that of SHS, 19% of
Alzheimer's/Apo E Link Grows Stronger
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1994)

AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC finding that many said did not make sense is proving to be more than a statistical fluke. Skepticism greeted reports last year of a strong association between Alzheimer's disease and the genes for apolipoprotein E (apo E), which were thought to be important only in cholesterol metabolism (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:89-91). Critics scoffed that apo E could not play a role in neuronal death because it was never seen in neurons. But during this past year, dozens of studies around the world have confirmed that the apo E4 allele confers the greatest risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer's, the relatively rare<i>E2</i>allele seems to be protective in most but not all ethnic groups, and risk with the most common<i>E3</i>allele lies in the middle. One new study suggests that the<i>E4</i>allele is the strongest predictor of which patients with mild memory problems will go on to develop Alzheimer's
Inhibition of Rac controls NPM–ALK-dependent lymphoma development and dissemination
Authors: A Colomba, S Giuriato, E Dejean, K Thornber, G Delsol, H Tronchère, F Meggetto, B Payrastre, F Gaits-Iacovoni
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2011)

Nucleophosmin-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK) is a tyrosine kinase oncogene responsible for the pathogenesis of the majority of human ALK-positive lymphomas. We recently reported that it activated the Rac1 GTPase in anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL), leading to Rac-dependent formation of active invadopodia required for invasiveness. Herein, we went further into the study of this pathway and used the inhibitor of Rac, NSC23766, to validate its potential as a molecular target in ALCL in vitro and in vivo in a xenograft model and in a conditional model of NPM-ALK transgenic mice. Our data demonstrate that Rac regulates important effectors of NPM-ALK-induced transformation such as Erk1/2, p38 and Akt. Moreover, inhibition of Rac signaling abrogates NPM-ALK-elicited disease progression and metastasis in mice, highlighting the potential of small GTPases and their regulators as additional therapic targets in lymphomas.
204 IN VIVO RNAI SCREENING IDENTIFIES NEW MEDIATORS OF P53 INDEPENDENT TUMOR SUPPRESSIVE FUNCTIONS OF P19ARF IN THE LIVER
Authors: D. Dauch, T. Wüstefeld, T.-W. Kang, A. Hohmeyer, R. Rudalska, L. Hönicke, P. Schirmacher, T. Longerich, L. Zender
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Cost-Effectiveness of Detecting and Treating Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Jonathan C. Javitt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Objective: To determine, from the health insurer's perspective, the cost of preventing vision loss in patients with diabetes mellitus through ophthalmologic screening and treatment and to calculate the cost-effectiveness of these interventions as compared with that of other medical interventions. Design: Computer modeling, incorporating data from population-based epidemiologic studies and multicenter clinical trials. Monte Carlo simulation was used, combined with sensitivity analysis and present value analysis of cost savings. Results: Screening and treatment of eye disease in patients with diabetes mellitus costs $3190 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) saved. This average cost is a weighted average (based on prevalence of disease) of the cost-effectiveness of detecting and treating diabetic eye disease in those with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ($1996 per QALY), those with non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) who use insulin for glycemic control ($2933 per QALY), and those with NIDDM who do not use insulin for glycemic control ($3530 per QALY). Conclusions: Our analysis indicates that prevention programs aimed at improving eye care for diabetic persons not only result in substantial federal budgetary savings but are highly cost-effective health investments for society. Ophthalmologic screening for diabetic persons is more cost-effective than many routinely provided health interventions. Because diabetic eye disease is the leading cause of new cases of blindness among working-age Americans, these results support the widespread use of screening and treatment for diabetic eye disease.
Distearoyl Anchor‐Painted Erythrocytes with Prolonged Ligand Retention and Circulation Properties In Vivo
Authors: Guixin Shi, Rajesh Mukthavaram, Santosh Kesari, Dmitri Simberg
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Red blood cells (RBCs) attract significant interest as carriers of biomolecules, drugs, and nanoparticles. In this regard, versatile technologies to attach molecules and ligands to the RBC surface are of great importance. Reported here is a fast and efficient surface painting strategy to attach ligands to the surface of RBCs, and the factors that control the stability and circulation properties of the modified RBCs in vivo. Distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine anchor-conjugated immunoglobulin (IgG) efficiently incorporates in the RBC membrane following 15-30 min incubation. The optimized RBCs show prolonged circulation in vivo (70% of the injected dose after 48 h) and efficient retention of IgG in the membrane with terminal half-life of 73 h. The IgG construct is gradually lost from the RBCs mainly due to the transfer to plasma components, liver endothelial cells, and Kupffer cells. The ligand retention efficiency is partially dictated by ligand type, anchor type, and ligand concentration in the membrane, while RBC half-life is determined by initial concentration of the ligand in the membrane and presence of PEG linker between the ligand and the anchor. This work provides important guidance for non-covalent surface painting of RBCs as well as other types of blood borne cells for in vivo therapeutic and targeting applications.
Attempt to transfer contact hypersensitivity in man with dialysate of peripheral leukocytes
Authors: Michael W. Brandriss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

In humans delayed hypersensitivity to tuberculin and coccidiodin can be transferred from a skin-test positive donor to a previously nonreactive recipient with a dialyzable fraction of donor peripheral leukocytes. The mechanism by which transfer is effected by this relatively low molecular weight material is unknown. Should transfer with dialysate be accomplished with hypersensitivity to low molecular weight artificial antigens, further characterization of "transfer factor" might be facilitated.A maximal degree of contact sensitivity to a simple chemical, dinitrochlorobenzene, was produced in tuberculin-sensitive human volunteers, who were then used as donors. Seven of the eight donors reacted with 15 mm or more of induration to 0.1 mug of tuberculin, purified protein derivative, while recipients did not react to 5 mug. The dialyzable fraction of peripheral leukocytes from 500 ml of donor blood was injected into each of eight recipients in an attempt at simultaneous transfer of systemic sensitivity to both tuberculin and dinitrochlorobenzene. Transfer of tuberculin sensitivity was accomplished with four of seven dialysates from tuberculin-positive donors but in none of the eight attempts was contact sensitivity transferred with the same dialysates.The results indicate that tuberculin sensitivity and contact type sensitivity to a simple chemical differ in respect to the behavior of transfer factor and that other models are necessary if dialyzable transfer factor is to be studied with nonbacterial antigens.
The coordinated structure of mosaic brain evolution
Authors: Robert A. Barton
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

The opposition set up between co-ordinated and mosaic brain evolution distracts from the fact that the two go hand-in-hand. Here and elsewhere (Barton &amp; Harvey 2000), I show that the patterns of co- ordinated evolutionary change among brain structures fit a mosaic evolution model. The concept of overarching developmental constraints is unnecessary and is not supported by the data.
Mastery of Surgery
Authors: Gregory V. Stiegmann
Journal: JAMA (1997)

The mission of<i>Mastery of Surgery</i>, as defined by its creators, is to be a "comprehensive text encompassing a broad cross-section of that which the general surgeon is apt to encounter." The third edition of this well-established work accomplishes that mission, as have its predecessors.<i>Mastery of Surgery</i>is one of the most readable and useful general surgical texts available today. The editors, two original and one new, have reorganized the third rendering, changed the authorship of many chapters, added new ones where appropriate, and expanded the book by almost 250 pages. <i>Mastery of Surgery</i>is thoughtfully laid out in nine major sections that encompass all of current general surgical practice and a bit more. Each begins with a chapter on the practical anatomy and clinically relevant anomalies of the body parts to be dealt with. The superb opening section deals with perioperative care and includes new chapters on enteral
Medline and Embase complement each other in literature searches
Authors: D. Woods, K. Trewheellar
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Greenhalgh briefly mentions some important differences between the Medline and Embase databases.1 To compare the usefulness of the databases in the drug information setting we carried out a prospective study of all requests for drug information that required a literature search during July and August 1996. For each inquiry both databases were searched back to 1992 with current CD ROMs. Standard search strategies were used, based on indexed subject headings and textwords. Relevant articles were selected on the basis of the information in the abstract …
Studies with 1,2-dithiole-3-thione as a chemoprotector of hydroquinone-induced toxicity to DBA/2-derived bone marrow stromal cells.
Authors: L E Twerdok, S J Rembish, M A Trush
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Stromal cells from DBA/2 mouse bone marrow have been shown to be susceptible to cytotoxicity induced by several redox-active metabolites of benzene, including hydroquinone (HQ). Treatment with HQ also alters the composition of stromal cell populations by preferentially killing stromal macrophages compared to stromal fibroblasts. This cytotoxicity can be prevented by 1,2-dithiole-3-thione (DTT) as a result of the induction of quinone reductase (QR), a quinone-processing enzyme, and glutathione. The inductive activities of DTT protected stromal cells against HQ-induced cytotoxicity and against HQ-induced impairment of stromal cell ability to support myelopoiesis. In vivo feeding of DTT to DBA/2 mice increased QR activity within the bone marrow compartment and protected bone marrow stromal cells isolated from the DTT-fed animals from ex vivo HQ challenge. Thus, the inducibility of cellular defense mechanisms and xenobiotic-processing enzymes by chemoprotective agents such as DTT may be a useful strategy for protecting against chemically induced bone marrow toxicities.
Progression of human aortic valve stenosis is associated with tenascin-C expression
Authors: Jari Satta, Jukka Melkko, Raimo Pöllänen, Juha Tuukkanen, Paavo Pääkkö, Pasi Ohtonen, Ari Mennander, Ylermi Soini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
PREVENTION OF CHILLS FOLLOWING TRANSFUSION OF CITRATED BLOOD
Authors: RICHARD LEWISOHN
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Eighteen years ago, one of us (R. L.) suggested a simplified method of blood transfusion; namely, the citrate method. It can be stated without exaggeration that this method represents the simplest and easiest procedure. In fact, the great popularity that blood transfusion enjoys today is based on the introduction of the citrate method into the medical armamentarium. With the popularization of this method, blood transfusion has been put within reach of every physician and surgeon. Blood transfusion up to that time had been confined to a small number of well equipped hospitals. The use of citrated blood has been rendered possible in small communities and its life-saving value made applicable to a large number of patients. When this method was introduced, many objections were brought forward against its clinical efficacy. It was claimed that the vitality of the erythrocytes and leukocytes was impaired by the mixture of the blood with
Manson's tropical diseases
Authors: Michael Brown
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2009)

What are tropical diseases? Patrick Manson, the father of tropical medicine, grappled with this question himself when he published the first edition of Tropical Diseases: A Manual of the Diseases of Warm Climates in 1898. This text, and the creation of courses in London and Liverpool, established tropical medicine as a discipline. In Manson's words: "the title [was] more convenient than accurate. If by 'tropical diseases' be meant diseases peculiar to, and confined to the tropics, then half a dozen pages might have sufficed for their description…if…the expression 'tropical diseases' be held to include all diseases occurring in the tropics, then the work would require to cover almost the entire range of medicine".
Core-crosslinked polymeric micelles with controlled release of covalently entrapped doxorubicin
Authors: Marina Talelli, Maryam Iman, Amir K. Varkouhi, Cristianne J.F. Rijcken, Raymond M. Schiffelers, Tomas Etrych, Karel Ulbrich, Cornelus F. van Nostrum, Twan Lammers, Gert Storm, Wim E. Hennink
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
Abstract 5350: Does hepatitis C virus core protein promote liver cancer through androgen-receptor mediated signaling?
Authors: Ratna B. Ray, Robert Steele
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is frequently associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is one of the male dominant diseases. Androgen signaling in liver may be related to carcinogenesis. In this study, we investigated whether HCV proteins cross-talk with androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway for promotion of liver cancer. We have demonstrated that HCV core protein alone or in context with other HCV proteins enhances AR-mediated transcriptional activity, and further augments in the presence of androgen. Subsequent study suggested that HCV core protein activates STAT3, which in turn enhances AR-mediated transcription. This activity was blocked by a pharmacological inhibitor of Jak/Stat signaling pathway, AG490. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a target gene of androgen receptor in liver, and plays an important role in angiogenesis. Therefore, we examined whether HCV infection modulates VEGF expression in hepatocytes. Our results demonstrated that HCV enhances VEGF expression and facilitates tube formation in human coronary microvascular endothelial cells in the presence of AR. We are in the process of evaluating the AR targets in the hepatocytes following HCV infection. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5350.
A MINIATURE DARK ROOM FOR THE VON FLEISHEL HEMOGLOBINOMETER.
Authors: L. S. PETERS
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Being without a dark room in which to use the hemoglobinometer, I devised a simple box that makes a satisfactory substitute. Nothing new is claimed for it, as I suppose there are any number of ways of overcoming this difficulty, but the suggestion is given for the benefit of many physicians who are also without dark rooms. The box is made of tin and is ten inches long, six inches high and seven inches wide. In the cover is a chimney (B) to carry off the heat and smoke from the candle (D) which is used for illuminating purposes. In one end is placed the hemoglobinometer (C), the milled head of the setscrew projecting through the end of the box, permitting adjustment from without. In front of this at the other end of the box the candle is placed. The reading is made by looking through a coneshaped opening (A)
Acute Rheumatic Fever
Authors: Mack A. Land, Alan L. Bisno
Journal: JAMA (1983)

We undertook a retrospective analysis of the incidence of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) in Memphis-Shelby County during the five-year period from 1977 through 1981. Cases were identified by review of local hospital records and by mail and telephone communication with 327 primary care physicians and neurologists. Forty-one patients met the modified Jones criteria, of whom 16 had conditions that were diagnosed in Memphis but who resided elsewhere. The overall ARF incidence among Memphis-Shelby County residents was 0.64 cases per 100,000 population each year. The highest rate, 3.74, was found among blacks aged 5 to 17 years residing in the inner city, while white children in the suburban and rural areas had a rate of only 0.49. Current strategies for prevention and diagnosis of ARF must take into account the extraordinarily low level to which the incidence of the disease has fallen in certain suburban US populations.
The Effect of Glycemic Control in the Pre-Conception Period and Early Pregnancy on Birth Weight in Women With IDDM
Authors: Ann E Gold, Rena Reilly, Jill Little, James D Walker
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

To examine data from pregnancies in women with IDDM to assess the relative effects of mean glycosylated hemoglobin levels before conception, at booking, and during the 3 trimesters of pregnancy on birth weight. Good glycemic control during pregnancy in women with IDDM is important to minimize the risk of fetal malformation and macrosomia. Recent studies have suggested that glycemic control in the 1st trimester is more important than glycemic control during the 2nd or 3rd trimesters.The case records of 65 deliveries to women with IDDM were reviewed. Fifty-seven deliveries were included in the present study. Of the deliveries reviewed, 32 women were in their first pregnancy and 25 women were multiparous. Only viable pregnancies were included because the major outcome variable of interest was birth weight. Glycosylated hemoglobin was recorded for each time period.The median standardized birth weight was 1.1 SD higher than the nondiabetic mean. When pregnancies, in which the birth weight was greater than 1 SD above the nondiabetic mean, were compared with pregnancies, in which birth weight was less than 1 SD above the mean, significant differences were observed between the groups in HbA1 at 6-12 months pre-conception (10.0 +/- 2.3 vs. 8.6 +/- 1.4%, P = 0.02), at 0-6 months pre-conception (10.2 +/- 2.4 vs. 8.7 +/- 2.0%, P = 0.03), at booking (9.5 +/- 2.2 vs. 8.4 +/- 1.6%, P = 0.04), and at 0-12 weeks' gestation (9.5 +/- 2.2 vs. 8.0 +/- 1.3%, P = 0.04), but HbA1 later in pregnancy did not differ significantly between the groups. Correlational analysis of all 57 pregnancies revealed significant correlations between birth weight and HbA1 at 0-6 months pre-conception (r = 0.44, P = 0.002), at booking (r = 0.43, P = 0.001), at 0-12 weeks' gestation (r = 0.48, P = 0.001), at 12-24 weeks' gestation (r = 0.45, P = 0.001), and at 24 weeks to term (r = 0.34, P = 0.009). However, with stepwise regression analysis, only HbA1 at 0-12 weeks' gestation entered into the equation with a multiple r value of 0.48.Glycemic control in the immediate pre-conception period and early 1st trimester appears to have a greater influence on birth weight than does glycemic control during the later weeks of pregnancy.