tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trends in Coronary Artery Surgery
Authors: A. A. Rimm, J. J. Barboriak, M. E. Fischer
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We recently obtained publicly available data in a survey of volumes of coronary artery bypass surgery (CABS) in three well-known, national referral hospitals in Wisconsin, Ohio, and Texas. The total volume of CABS in these three centers decreased from 8,017 to 6,378 between 1983 and 1984. Despite this, there has been growth in the volume of CABS in the United States for 1983 and 1984 (National Center for Health Statistics, oral communication, October 1985) (Table). The growth during the past two years is similar to the uniform growth in CABS volume in the United States from 1970 through 1982.<sup>1</sup>During the 1983-1984 period, the number of arteriographic procedures increased 26%. This growth may be due to the increased use of angioplasty, which grew 77% in this two-year period. The apparent decrease in CABS volume at major referral centers witha concomitant overall increase in CABS in
Mitral Commissurotomy in the Older Aged Patient
Authors: O. HENRY JANTON, ROBERT P. GLOVER, THOMAS J. E. O'NEILL
Journal: Circulation (1953)

An analysis of 20 consecutive cases of mitral stenosis (from a total of 400 cases) in patients between the ages of 50 and 61 treated by mitral commissurotomy from May 1951, to October 1952, is presented. The data suggests that the patient over 50 with symptomatic mitral stenosis can have a functionally satisfactory commissurotomy performed without undue operative risk and with essentially the same ultimate degree of improvement enjoyed by patients requiring treatment at an earlier age.
Cryptococcosis: a model for the understanding of infectious diseases
Authors: John R. Perfect
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

The increase in immunosuppressed patient populations has correlated with a rise in clinical fungal infections, including cryptococcosis. Patient outcome following Cryptococcus infection is linked to initial fungal burden in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and fungal clearance following treatment; however, the role of the pathogen in disease prognosis is poorly defined. In this issue of the JCI, Sabiiti and colleagues have directly correlated phenotypic traits of Cryptococcus neoformans with clinical outcome of infected patients. A better understanding of both the host and pathogen contributions to disease etiology will provide more options for targeted treatment strategies.
A CONCENTRATING DIALYZER
Authors: Henry S. Simms
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1930)

An apparatus is described for dialyzing aqueous solutions and simultaneously concentrating them to a thick syrup, or even to dryness. The fluid is placed in collodion bags with reservoir bulbs open to atmospheric pressure. The bags are surrounded by flowing cold water, under negative pressure, and are subjected of a rocking motion. Over a liter of fluid can be concentrated to a few cubic centimeters in 3 to 4 hours. It is kept cold and sterile during the process.
Autologous Blood Transfusion
Authors: ROSLYN Yomtovian
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A recent issue ofThe Journal<sup>1-3</sup>contained several articles on the subject of blood transfusion and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Particular attention was given to the status of the serological screening tests for antihuman T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) retrovirus (HTLV-III) viral antibodies. Throughout this coverage, it was tacitly assumed that, despite unresolved questions concerning accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and test result interpretation, these tests would probably eliminate most cases of transfusional AIDS. In addition, although some mention was made of the increased costs of blood transfusion practice associated with this screening test program, this aspect was given little attention. Regrettably, no mention was made of and no consideration given to the role of autologous blood transfusion programs to ensure blood transfusion safety, and quite possibly, to provide a cost-effective alternative to homologous transfusion programs. It has been estimated that as many as 50% to 60% of all
Leonardo da Vinci: Experience, Experiment and Design
Authors: Colin Martin
Journal: BMJ (2006)

I n the broad sweep of Renaissance intellectual curiosity, few if any thinkers wielded their cerebral brooms through as many rooms or compartments of human endeavour as Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519). His painting of an enigmatic young woman, celebrated for centuries, now arguably depicts the most recognised half smile in the world. Many of his drawings, such as the naked man inscribed in a circle, are universally recognised as being his work and have become icons representing our human quest for a rational understanding of how we and our world work.

Drawn solely from British collections, this exhibition of 62 drawings by Leonardo demonstrates his insatiable curiosity and how he explored and developed ideas, using pen and paper to try to fathom the underlying mechanisms of how animals and machines function, rather than …
Experimental validation of Doppler echocardiographic measurement of volume flow through the stenotic aortic valve.
Authors: C M Otto, A S Pearlman, C L Gardner, D M Enomoto, T Togo, H Tsuboi, T D Ivey
Journal: Circulation (1988)

In aortic stenosis, evaluation of aortic valve area by the continuity equation assumes that the volume of flow through the stenotic valve can be measured accurately in the left ventricular outflow tract. To test the accuracy of Doppler volume-flow measurement proximal to a stenotic valve, we developed an open-chest canine model in which the native leaflets were sutured together to create variable degrees of acute aortic stenosis. Left ventricular and aortic pressures were measured with micromanometer-tipped catheters. Volume flow was controlled and varied by directing systemic venous return through a calibrated roller pump and back to the right atrium. Because transaortic volume flow will not equal roller pump output when there is coexisting aortic insufficiency (present in 67% of studies), transaortic flow was measured by electromagnetic flowmeter with the flow probe placed around the proximal descending thoracic aorta, just beyond the ligated arch vessels. In 12 adult, mongrel dogs (mean weight, 25 kg), the mean transaortic pressure gradient ranged from 2 to 74 mm Hg, and transaortic volume flow ranged from 0.9 to 3.2 l/min. In four dogs, electromagnetic flow that was measured distal to the valve was accurate compared with volume flow determined by timed collection of total aortic flow into a graduated cylinder (n = 24, r = 0.97, electromagnetic flow = 0.87 Direct +0.13 l/min). In eight subsequent dogs, electromagnetic flow was compared with transaortic cardiac output measured by Doppler echocardiography in the left ventricular outflow tract as circular cross-sectional area [pi(D/2)2] x left ventricular outflow tract velocity-time integral x heart rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Emergency Infarction Treatment
Authors: Don M. Benson
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Your editorial, "Early to Bed and Early to Rise" (225:1527, 1973), unwittingly perpetuates the myth that emergencies are best handled if the patient reaches the hospital as quickly as possible. The editorial reads ... the patient is urged to call an ambulance—a mobile coronary care unit, if available—in order to reach the hospital at the earliest possible moment. This statement is amplified in the next sentence that reads "this may mean the difference between life and death." We recently completed a study of the factors entering into a patient's decision to come to a hospital emergency department. Factors influencing the type of conveyance used showed that fewer than 2% of patients traveling by ambulance had any wish or desire for the potentially skilled help available aboard the ambulance. Rather, the reasons for using ambulances involved needs for additional manpower, "official policy," and the apparent need for speed in
Effect on endometrium of long term treatment with continuous combined oestrogen-progestogen replacement therapy: follow up study
Authors: M. Wells
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To determine effects of five years of treatment with an oral continuous combined regimen of 2 mg 17β-oestradiol and 1 mg norethisterone acetate on endometrial histology in postmenopausal women. <b>Design</b>: Follow up study in postmenopausal women. <b>Setting</b>: 31 menopause clinics in the United Kingdom. <b>Participants</b>: 534 postmenopausal women, all with an intact uterus, who had completed nine months of treatment with oral continuous combined 2 mg 17β-oestradiol and 1 mg norethisterone acetate agreed to take part in a long term follow up study. Women were assigned to different groups on the basis of the treatment status immediately before entering the original study: 360 women had taken sequential oestrogen-progestogen hormone replacement therapy, 164 had taken no hormone replacement therapy, and 10 had taken unopposed oestrogen therapy. <b>Methods</b>: Endometrial aspiration specimens were taken before the women started the continuous combined regimen, after 9 and 24-36 months, and at the end of the five year treatment period or on withdrawal from the study. <b>Main outcome measure</b>: Results of endometrial histology. <b>Results</b>: The duration of treatment with continuous combined hormone replacement therapy was 4.4 (range 1.1-5.9) years. Data on endometrial specimens were available for 526 women after nine months of treatment, 465 women after 24-36 months of treatment, and 398 women who completed the five years treatment (345 women) or were withdrawn between the two latter visits for biopsies (53 women). No cases of endometrial hyperplasia or malignancy were detected at biopsy; 69% of women had an endometrium classified as atrophic or unassessable on completion of the study or withdrawal from it. Before the continuous combined therapy was started, complex hyperplasia was detected in 21 women who had taken sequential hormone replacement therapy before the study and in one who had taken unopposed oestrogen. All of these women had normal results on histological examination of endometrial tissue after nine months of treatment with continuous combined hormone replacement therapy, and hyperplasia did not recur after up to five years of treatment. <b>Conclusions</b>: Long term treatment (for up to five years) with continuous combined hormone replacement therapy containing oestradiol 2 mg and norethisterone 1 mg daily was associated with neither endometrial hyperplasia nor malignancy. In women who had complex hyperplasia during previous sequential or unopposed regimens, the endometrium returned to normal during treatment with continuous combined hormone replacement therapy. These findings provide reassurance about the long term safety of this continuous combined regimen in terms of the endometrium.
Continuous monitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery: a critical appraisal
Authors: Gianlorenzo Dionigi, Gianluca Donatini, Luigi Boni, Stefano Rausei, Francesca Rovera, Maria Laura Tanda, Hoon Yub Kim, Feng-Yu Chiang, Che-Wei Wu, Alberto Mangano, Francesco Rulli, Piero F. Alesina, Renzo Dionigi
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2013)
Effect of septal myotomy and myectomy on left ventricular systolic function at rest and during exercise in patients with IHSS.
Authors: J S Borer, S L Bacharach, M V Green, K M Kent, D R Rosing, S F Seides, A G Morrow, S E Epstein
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS) have supernormal left ventricular systolic function at rest. Septal myotomy/myectomy reduces outflow obstruction and symptoms. However, it has been proposed that operation causes myocardial damage, with consequent reduction in left ventricular function and potentially deleterious long-term consequences, despite relief of symptoms. To evaluate the effect of myotomy and mylectomy on left ventricular function, we employed noninvasive radionuclide cineangiography at rest and during maximal exercise in21 consecutive patients with IHSS, before and 6 months after operation. In 30 normal subjects, the ejection fraction (EF) was 57 +/- 2% at rest and 71 +/- 2% during exercise. Before operation in patients with IHSS, the EF was supernormal at rest (76 +/- 2%, p less than 0.001), and normal during exercise (71 +/- 3%, NS). All patients improved from NYHA functional class III-IV preoperatively to class I-II postoperatively; the maximal provocable gradient invariably diminished (average, 100 +/- , mm Hg preop, 33 +/- 9 mm Hg postop, p less than 0.001). Postoperatively, the EF at rest was 67 +/- 2%, still supernormal, but less than that noted preoperatively (p less than 0.001). During exercise, the EF was 66 +/- 4%, only mildly diminished (p less than 0.01) from that preoperatively. We conclude that muscle resection during myotomy and myectomy usually does not cause any important impairment of global left ventricular function at rest or during exercise stress.
Empirical Studies in Health Economics
Authors: John H. Lorant
Journal: JAMA (1971)

This collection of papers is limited to empirical investigations covering five major topics: population, health and program planning; demand analysis structure of industry; productivity and cost; and factors of production. The reports include observations that the health status of relatively young poor persons is similar to that of well-to-do persons (Newhouse), that lowerincome families spend less per unit of illness (Andersen-Benham), that physicians organized into larger groups produce more ancillary services per physician but not more physician visits (Bailey), and that the markets for physician services and hospital care are interdependent (Stevens). The statistical techniques furthering these largely academic inquiries are complex. Moreover, this assemblage deliberately excludes purely speculative work and fails to include many relevant topics, eg, concerning drugs, environmental pollution, and health insurance. However, laymen will find the volume a comprehensible and useful perspective on health economics. The difficulties of linking empirical research with potential formulations of policy
Detection of deep vein thrombosis by Doppler angiography.
Authors: T K Day, P J Fish, V V Kakkar
Journal: BMJ (1976)

A new technique, ultrasonic Doppler angiography, was used to examine the deep veins in 50 legs of 40 patients in which deep vein thrombosis was suspected. The results were compared with those of venography. The ultrasound method detected 30 out of 32 venographically confirmed thrombi and showed 17 out of 18 venographically proved normal deep veins. It was equally effective in detecting partial as well as totally occluding thrombi.
Heavy drinking by young British women gives cause for concern
Authors: M. Plant, M. Plant
Journal: BMJ (2001)

EDITOR—During October and November 2000 a survey of the drinking patterns of British adults aged 18 and over was carried out. Subjects were selected at 267 geographically representative sampling points in England, Scotland, and Wales. Respondents were selected by an interlocking quota to be representative of the general population in terms of age and sex. In addition, a parallel quota of socioeconomic status was imposed. A standardised schedule was used when respondents were interviewed. Sensitive questions were explored with …
Toward Smoke-Free VA Hospitals
Authors: Norma Boone Goldberg
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor.—  We congratulate the staff and patients of the Minneapolis Veterans Administration (VA) Medical Center for making their hospital a smoke-free, healthy environment.1Their effort certainly will pay back benefits in improved health and will save medical care dollars for the system and the nation.  Our station, too, is following VA Central Office Circular 10-86-90, which implements Public Law 98-160 and mandates preventive health care in all VA health care programs. Smoking control is one of nine agendas for health maintenance included at this time. For at least ten years, the VA Pulmonary Phyicians Association has spearheaded efforts to obtain cessation of the sale of cigarettes in all federal installations. Twenty-three of 172 VA medical centers have stopped the sale of tobacco products, and 11 stations were smoke free by July 4,1988.  Tax-supported institutions must constantly try to improve efficiency or do more with less funding. Cessation
EFFECTS OF PROSOMATOSTATIN ON GROWTH HORMONE AND PROLACTIN RESPONSE TO ARGININE IN MAN Comparison with Somatostatin
Authors: M.D. Rodriguez-Arnao, S.J. Rainbow, A.M. Comaru-Schally, C.A. Meyers, A. Gomez-Pan, S. Woodhead, A.V. Schally, D.H. Coy, R. Hall
Journal: The Lancet (1981)
Funding for GMC should come from taxpayers
Authors: Brian J Penney
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Electronic data protection: procedures need drastic improvementEditor-Gulena et al are correct to challenge overzealous interpretation of data protection law in their questionnaire survey of patients' and visitors' views about having their names displayed in hospital. 1Measures taken by doctors to safeguard patient confidentiality, especially electronic records, are, however, severely deficient and fuel the concerns of those entrusted to police data security.We invited 32 surgical trainees to complete a questionnaire regarding their Data Protection Act registration and electronic data confidentiality practices.Of 29 responders, 26 trainees regularly computerised and stored patients' data.One person was registered with the Data Protection Act.Only three of 14 desktops, eight of 19 laptops, and three of 14 handheld computers forced a password logon.Sixteen of 29 trainees used the same password for all machines, and 25 of 27 passwords were less than eight characters long.All desktops, 16 of 19 laptops, and five of 14 handhelds were routinely connected to the internet, and half of these had not had their online security settings adjusted.Of 29 trainees, 28 did not encrypt their sensitive data files.Ten trainees had sent patients' data unencrypted over the internet, using a non-secure server.Electronic data confidentiality practices among surgical trainees are unsafe, and this is unlikely to be confined to our study population.A breach in confidentiality would have widespread implications for public trust.][4] Existing passwords should be improved, and biometric logon systems (fingerprint scanning) considered.Files containing sensitive data should be routinely encrypted.Magnetic and solid state computer storage devices (including hard disks, floppy disks, CD Roms, DVD Roms, and memory sticks) should undergo routine physical or electronic data shredding after their final use. 5 We are implementing medical information technology security training for this particu-lar group of doctors and would urge others to initiate similar programmes before a serious breach occurs.
Purdy wins battle for clarity of law for people who accompany relatives abroad for assisted suicide
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The director of public prosecutions (DPP) must spell out clearly his policy on prosecuting people in England and Wales who help friends or relatives go abroad for assisted suicide, the UK’s highest court has ruled.

The unanimous judgment from five law lords is a victory for Debbie Purdy, who has primary progressive multiple sclerosis and wants her husband to help her travel to Switzerland—where assisted suicide is lawful—when she decides to die.

She feared her husband, Omar Puente, might be prosecuted if he helped her under the Suicide Act 1961, which makes aiding or abetting a suicide a crime punishable by up to 14 years in prison. She also argued that the blanket ban on …
Asymptomatic Metastasis to the Larynx Detected by FDG PET/CT in a Patient With Recurrent Rectal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Tai-Yi Chen, Guang-Uei Hung, Chia-Chun Hung, Jainn-Shiun Chiu, Chia-Hung Kao
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Metastasis of colorectal adenocarcinoma to the larynx is a very rare condition. Here, we report a 72-year-old woman with a history of rectal adenocarcinoma. She was referred for whole-body FDG PET/CT scanning because of an elevating serum level of carcinoembryonic antigen. PET images showed focally increased FDG accumulation in the larynx (SUVmax = 12.9). Coregistered CT images showed mild wall thickening at the left subglottic area. The findings of after excisional biopsy confirmed that this FDG-avid lesion was metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colorectal origin.
Glycoengineered CD20 antibody obinutuzumab activates neutrophils and mediates phagocytosis through CD16B more efficiently than rituximab
Authors: Josée Golay, Fabio Da Roit, Luca Bologna, Claudia Ferrara, Jeanette H. Leusen, Alessandro Rambaldi, Christian Klein, Martino Introna
Journal: Blood (2013)

Key Points Phagocytosis of CLL targets by neutrophils is a novel mechanism of action of the glycoengineered anti-CD20 antibody obinutuzumab. This mechanism takes place in physiological conditions and requires CD16B and CD32A.
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome — More Than Intrapartum Meconium
Authors: Michael G. Ross
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Meconium, the fecal material that accumulates in the fetal colon throughout gestation, is a term derived from the Greek mekoni, meaning poppy juice or opium. Beginning with Aristotle's observation of the association between meconium staining of the amniotic fluid and a sleepy fetal state1 or neonatal depression, obstetricians have been concerned about fetal well-being in the presence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid.The passage of meconium normally occurs within the first 24 to 48 hours after birth. However, the passage of fetal meconium, resulting in meconium-stained amniotic fluid, occurs in approximately 12 percent of all deliveries. The meconium aspiration syndrome, associated . . .
Molecular techniques improve organism identification from pleural fluid in empyema
Authors: T H Chapman
Journal: Thorax (2005)

▴ Saglani S, Harris KA, Wallis C, Hartley JC. Empyema: the use of broad range 16S rDNA PCR for pathogen detection. Arch Dis Child2005;90:70–3 [OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] This study compares a broad range molecular technique with bacterial culture for the detection of organisms from pleural fluid in 32 children with empyema. The concordance of organisms identified and influence of prior antibiotic treatment was also investigated. There was a median duration of … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DArchives%2Bof%2BDisease%2Bin%2BChildhood%26rft.stitle%253DArch.%2BDis.%2BChild.%26rft.issn%253D0003-9888%26rft.aulast%253DSaglani%26rft.auinit1%253DS%26rft.volume%253D90%26rft.issue%253D1%26rft.spage%253D70%26rft.epage%253D73%26rft.atitle%253DEmpyema%253A%2Bthe%2Buse%2Bof%2Bbroad%2Brange%2B16S%2BrDNA%2BPCR%2Bfor%2Bpathogen%2Bdetection%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1136%252Fadc.2003.042176%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15613518%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=archdischild&resid=90/1/70&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F60%2F5%2F409.atom