tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gene expression of inflammatory molecules in circulating lymphocytes from arsenic-exposed human subjects.
Authors: Meei-Maan Wu, Hung-Yi Chiou, I-Ching Ho, Chien-Jen Chen, Te-Chang Lee
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Long-term arsenic exposure is associated with an increased risk of vascular diseases including ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and carotid atherosclerosis. The pathogenic mechanisms of arsenic atherogenicity are not completely clear. A fundamental role for inflammation in atherosclerosis and its complications has become appreciated recently. To investigate molecular targets of inflammatory pathway possibly involved in arsenic-associated atherosclerosis, we conducted an exploratory study using cDNA microarray and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to identify genes with differential expression in arsenic-exposed yet apparently healthy individuals. As an initial experiment, array hybridization was performed with mRNA isolated from activated lymphocytes of 24 study subjects with low (0-4.32 microg/L), intermediate (4.64-9.00 microg/L), and high (9.60-46.5 microg/L) levels of blood arsenic, with each group comprising eight age-, sex-, and smoking frequency-matched individuals. A total of 708 transcripts of known human genes were analyzed, and 62 transcripts (8.8%) showed significant differences in the intermediate or high-arsenic groups compared with the low-level arsenic group. Among the significantly altered genes, several cytokines and growth factors involving inflammation, including interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, chemokine C-C motif ligand 2/monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (CCL2/MCP1), chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 1/growth-related oncogene alpha, chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 2/growth-related oncogene beta, CD14 antigen, and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (interstitial collagenase) were upregulated in persons with increased arsenic exposure. Multivariate analyses on 64 study subjects of varying arsenic exposure levels showed that the association of CCL2/MCP1 plasma protein level with blood arsenic remained significant after adjustment for other risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. The results of this gene expression study indicate that the expression of inflammatory molecules may be increased in human subjects after prolonged exposure to arsenic, which might be a contributory factor to the high risk of atherosclerosis in arseniasis-endemic areas in Taiwan. Further multidisciplinary studies, including molecular epidemiologic investigations, are needed to elucidate the role of arsenic-associated inflammation in the development of atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular disease.
Reduction of size of thyroid with radioactive iodine in multinodular non-toxic goitre.
Authors: L. Hegedus, B. M. Hansen, N. Knudsen, J. M. Hansen
Journal: BMJ (1988)

prednisolone followed by a reducing course of oral prednisolone.She improved clinically and her erythro- cyte sedimentation rate settled to 19 mm in the first hour after 10 days.The tracheostomy tube was removed after 12 days and good movement was seen in both vocal cords.Her recovery was further compli- cated by an extensive left deep venous thrombosis requiring anticoagulation.Antinuclear factor titres rose to >1/10 240 for both IgG and IgM.No anti-DNA binding was detected.C3 and C4 concentrations were normal.No lupus anti- coagulant was detected.There was no evidence of renal impairment, though 24 hour urinary protein excretion was 0-56 g (normal <0 150 g).Nine months after discharge she was well, her blood pressure being controlled with verapamil 120 mg twice daily.Antinuclear factor titres had fallen to 1/1280 and all other values had returned to normal.O i 12 Time (months) Mean (SEM) thyroid volume after treatment with iodine-131 in 20 patients with multinodular non-toxic goitre remaining euthyroid during follow up
SKIN GRAFTING ON THE EYELIDS.
Authors: F. C. HOTZ
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Skin grafts play an important rôle in the plastic operations upon the eyelids; they are especially serviceable in certain forms of ectropium and entropium. <h3>1. Skin Grafting in Ectropium.</h3> —If the destruction of the integument of the eyelid has been so extensive as to result in a more or less complete ectropium, the lid can not be restored to its normal position unless it be provided with a new integument. The material for this new covering may be obtained from three sources, to-wit.: we may transplant upon the lid a skin flap from the vicinity; or we may graft upon it a piece of skin from the arm (Wolfe's method); or we may cover the whole defect with Thiersch's grafts. If executed under the proper aseptic precautions, these different plans are probably equally successful as far as the immediate healing of the implanted material is concerned. And those who are
EFFECT OF TESTOSTERONE SUPPLEMENTATION ON EXERCISE CAPACITY IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Mustafa Toma, Finlay A. McAlister, Erin E. Coglianese, Venketesan Vidi, Samip Vasaiwala, Jeffrey A. Bakal, Paul W. Armstrong, Justin A. Ezekowitz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Alteration of metabolomic profiles by titanium dioxide nanoparticles in human gingivitis model
Authors: Rene Garcia-Contreras, Masahiro Sugimoto, Naoki Umemura, Miku Kaneko, Yoko Hatakeyama, Tomoyoshi Soga, Masaru Tomita, Rogelio J. Scougall-Vilchis, Rosalia Contreras-Bulnes, Hiroshi Nakajima, Hiroshi Sakagami
Journal: Biomaterials (2015)
849. E1A- and E1B-Double Mutant Replicating Adenovirus Elicits Enhanced Oncolytic and Anti- Tumor Effects
Authors: Jinsun Kim, Jaesung Kim, Joo-Hang Kim, Kyung-Ju Choi, Pyung-Hwan Kim, Chae-Ok Yun
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Gene-modified replication-competent adenoviruses (Ads) are emerging as a promising new modality for the treatment of cancer. We have previously shown that E1B 19kDa and E1B 55kDa gene deleted Ad (Ad-ΔE1B19/55) exhibits improved tumor-specific replication and cell lysis, leading to an enhanced anti-tumor effect. In an effort to increase cancer cell-selectivity of a replicating adenovirus, we first generated eleven E1A mutant Ads (Ad-E1mt1 11) with deletion or substitution in retinoblastoma (pRb) binding sites of E1A.
Clinical Observations on a case of poisoning with opium and opium eating: Delivered at the Charing-cross Hospital
Authors: W. D. Chowne
Journal: BMJ (1841)

JANE JONES, aged 21, a domestic servant, in consequence of misunderstandings with a fellow servant, took opium, which she procured in pennyworths at four different shops.She swallowed the whole, and the quantity might be computed at forty or forty-five grains.She almost immediately felt remorse, and came voluntarily to the hospital, earuestly desiring to submit to the measures necessary for averting the consequences of her rashness, and was admitted under the care of Dr. Chowne.Oct. 9.-First day.The stomach-pump was immediately used, large quantities of fluid were sucessively passed into the stomach and wvithdrawn from it; and after this, an emetic of sulphate of zinc was administered, which brought u) a small
The New Paradox of Psychiatric Malpractice
Authors: Alan A. Stone
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Lazare has described contemporary psychiatry as operating under four different conceptual models: biological, behavioral, psychodynamic, and social.1 Although many practicing psychiatrists think of themselves as eclectic, there is growing subspecialization and increasing tension. More pointed questions are being asked about the theoretical and practical compatibility of these models.2 It seems clear that the biological and behavioral approaches are now ascendant and the psychodynamic and social models are on the decline. This is particularly true within the academic medical community. Biological psychiatry is a discipline that the biomedical community can recognize and respect. Indeed, neurobiology is in the forefront of biomedical . . .
Abstract 1141: Telomerase activity in relation to <i>RET</i> mutation status in medullary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Na Wang, Jan Zedenius, Martin Bäckdahl, Catharina Larsson
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) originates from parafollicular C cells of the thyroid gland, and are associated with activating constitutional or somatic mutations in the RET proto-oncogene. The common somatic mutation of codon 918 is associated with a less favorable clinical outcome. The catalytic component of telomerase, human telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) has been found to be reactivated in most human tumors. Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate telomerase involvement in relation the RET mutational status in MTC. Design: Our study includes 43 cases of MTC from the Karolinska University Hospital. RET mutations were identified by sequencing of the hot spots in exons 10,_11-,_15-, and 16. Expression of the TERT gene, telomerase activity and telomere length were quantified. Result: Among the 43 cases, 18 carried a RET point mutation in exon15 or exon16 (Group I), 5/43 had a point mutation in exon 10 or 11 (Group II), and 20 were wild-type (Group III). Telomerase activity and TERT expression were closely associated. The TERT gene was expressed in 13/18 cases in Group I, in 0/5 in Group II and in 10/20 of Group III. The median telomerase activity was higher in Group I as compared to Groups II and III. Group I tumors showed the shortest relative telomere length. With regard to follow-up, cases with high telomerase activity and TERT gene expression in Group I had less favorable outcome. Conclusion: The findings suggest that TERT/telomerase activity may contribute to aggressive MTC in addition to, or as a consequence of, RET codon 918 mutations. The very low telomerase activity and TERT expression revealed in several of the MTC cases suggest the involvement of alternative mechanisms for telomere stabilization in the MTC entity. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1141. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1141
First Aid for the USMLE STEP 1 2007: A Student to Student Guide
Authors: Colin Walsh
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Review: D-dimer levels predict risk for recurrent VTE after anticoagulant therapy is stopped
Authors: David A. Garcia
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Source Citation Verhovsek M, Douketis JD, Yi Q, et al. Systematic review: D-dimer to predict recurrent disease after stopping anticoagulant therapy for unprovoked venous thromboembolism. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149:481-90, W94. 18838728
A pseudotumoral angiodysplasia
Authors: N. Dauby, F. Mboti, P. Demetter, J. Deviere, J. Van de Stadt, D. Blero
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

A 76-year-old woman presented with recurrent right lower quadrant pain associated with decreased appetite and weight loss. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan without contrast injection (iodine allergy) showed a thickening of the cecal wall with infracentimetric regional lymph nodes ([Fig. 1]).
On Reduced Amino Acid Alphabets for Phylogenetic Inference
Authors: E. Susko, A. J. Roger
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

We investigate the use of Markov models of evolution for reduced amino acid alphabets or bins of amino acids. The use of reduced amino acid alphabets can ameliorate effects of model misspecification and saturation. We present algorithms for 2 different ways of automating the construction of bins: minimizing criteria based on properties of rate matrices and minimizing criteria based on properties of alignments. By simulation, we show that in the absence of model misspecification, the loss of information due to binning is found to be insubstantial, and the use of Markov models at the binned level is found to be almost as effective as the more appropriate missing data approach. By applying these approaches to real data sets where compositional heterogeneity and/or saturation appear to be causing biased tree estimation, we find that binning can improve topological estimation in practice.
Activation of the Nuclear Factor κB Pathway by Astrocyte Elevated Gene-1: Implications for Tumor Progression and Metastasis
Authors: Luni Emdad, Devanand Sarkar, Zao-zhong Su, Aaron Randolph, Habib Boukerche, Kristoffer Valerie, Paul B. Fisher
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) was initially identified as an HIV-1- and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)–inducible transcript in primary human fetal astrocytes by a rapid subtraction hybridization approach. Interestingly, AEG-1 expression is elevated in subsets of breast cancer, glioblastoma multiforme and melanoma cells and AEG-1 cooperates with Ha-ras to promote transformation of immortalized melanocytes. Activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), a TNF-α downstream signaling component, is associated with several human illnesses, including cancer, and NF-κB controls the expression of multiple genes involved in tumor progression and metastasis. We now document that AEG-1 is a significant positive regulator of NF-κB. Enhanced expression of AEG-1 via a replication-incompetent adenovirus (Ad.AEG-1) in HeLa cells markedly increased binding of the transcriptional activator p50/p65 complex of NF-κB. The NF-κB activation induced by AEG-1 corresponded with degradation of IκBα and nuclear translocation of p65 that resulted in the induction of NF-κB downstream genes. Infection with an adenovirus expressing the mt32IκBα superrepressor (Ad.IκBα-mt32), which prevents p65 nuclear translocation, inhibited AEG-1-induced enhanced agar cloning efficiency and increased matrigel invasion of HeLa cells. We also document that TNF-α treatment resulted in nuclear translocation of both AEG-1 and p65 wherein these two proteins physically interacted, suggesting a potential mechanism by which AEG-1 could activate NF-κB. Our findings suggest that activation of NF-κB by AEG-1 could represent a key molecular mechanism by which AEG-1 promotes anchorage-independent growth and invasion, two central features of the neoplastic phenotype. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(3): 1509-16)
Quantitative wall motion analysis by colour tissue Doppler echocardiography during low‐dose dobutamine infusion to distinguish between ischemic and nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: M. Plewka, J. Drozdz, J.D. Kasprzak, M. Ciesielczyk, J.Z. Peruga, M. Krzeminska‐Pakula
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
The antiandrogen cyproterone acetate induces synthesis of transforming growth factor ?1 in the parenchymal cells of the liver accompanied by an enhanced sensitivity to undergo apoptosis and necrosis without inflammation
Authors: F Oberhammer, P Nagy, R Tiefenbacher, G Froschl, B Bouzahzah, S S Thorgeirsson, B Carr
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Recently, cases of liver damage and liver tumors have been reported after treatment of prostate cancer patients with the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate (CPA). In rat liver, CPA initiates a wave of DNA synthesis that is accompanied by apoptosis. In apoptotic hepatocytes, a latent form of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) is detectable by immunohistochemistry. Injection of a single dose of TGF-beta 1 induces apoptosis in the liver of animals pretreated with CPA but has an insignificant effect in untreated animals. In this study, we show by Northern analysis that there is increased expression of TGF-beta 1 in the liver after CPA treatment. Detection of TGF-beta 1 with in situ hybridization showed that TGF-beta 1 was synthesized in the parenchymal cells. Time course and dose-response experiments performed 48 hours after the last application of CPA showed that apoptotic nuclei with chromatin condensed at the nuclear periphery (AN) were already visible 2 hours after injection (0.13%), and apoptotic bodies (ABs) increased 2 to 9 hours after the injection (from 1.28% to 6.67%) after 25 micrograms TGF-beta 1/kg. At 4.5 hours after injection, an induction of apoptosis could be detected with 0.25 microgram TGF-beta 1/kg and after the maximum dose (250 micrograms TGF-beta 1/kg) ANs (0.24%) and ABs (16.74%) were homogeneously distributed throughout the liver lobe. Irrespective of the dose or time after injection of TGF-beta 1, 82% of the ABs were localized within hepatocytes. Liver enzymes were detected in high amounts in the serum (eightfold elevation of glutamate dehydrogenase, fivefold elevation of alanine transaminase [ALT]) 7 hours after the first visible sign of apoptosis. After an additional 20 hours, the liver contained many necrotic figures. These results suggest that the combination of TGF-beta 1 expression coupled with a strikingly enhanced sensitivity to the induction of apoptosis could be responsible both for the liver damage and the development of liver tumors observed after treatment with CPA.
The two week WAIT (2WW) referral for upper gastrointestinal cancer: predictors and prevalence of non-upper gastrointestinal cancers in those with negative gastroscopy
Authors: M. B. Wireko, V. Subramanian, K. Ragunath
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> 2-week WAIT (2WW) referrals for suspected upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer guidelines was introduced by the department of health in 2000. It was meant to allow patients presenting to their general practitioners with specific symptoms suggestive of UGI cancer rapid access to endoscopy. It was anticipated that this could lead to a 20% reduction in cancer related deaths for patients under the age of 75 years by the year 2010. However, only about 4% of patients have endoscopic evidence of UGI cancer. Anecdotal evidence suggests significant pick up rate of non-UGI cancers in this patient cohort. <h3>Aims</h3> To audit the outcomes of 2WW referrals for UGI cancer to secondary care to establish the prevalence and predictors of both upper GI and other cancers in this cohort. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients referred under the 2 week UGI cancer referral system to Nottingham University Hospital between April 2008 and 2009 were extracted using the hospital IT search engine. Data on patient demographics, indications of referral, smoking and alcohol use, endoscopic, radiological, laboratory results as well as outcomes were collected using the hospital computerised hospital records. Data on other cancers detected within a year of referral for endoscopy were recorded. Data were analysed using PASW17 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Illinois, USA) and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine predictors of cancer. <h3>Results</h3> There were 56 (10.5%) UGI cancers in the 530 patients referred in this period. There were 31 (6.5%) non-UGI cancers in the 474 patients who did not have a cancer noted on endoscopy. Of these the majority were colorectal cancers (14), lung cancer (4) and lymphoma (4). On multivariate analysis only iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) was associated with an increased risk of non-UGI cancer (p=0.002, OR 2.9 with 95% CI 1.2 to 6.7). The predictors of an UGI cancer on multivariate analysis were dysphagia (p=0.01, OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3 to 5.2), weight loss (p=0.01, OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3 to 5.2), age over 60 (p=0.01, OR 5.2, 95% CI 1.9 to 13.9) and smoking (p=0.002, OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.4 to 5.2). <h3>Conclusion</h3> 6.5% of patients referred under the 2WW referral for UGI cancer with no endoscopic evidence of cancer harbour cancers elsewhere. The presence of IDA was significantly associated with non-UGI cancers. As previously shown, dysphagia, weight loss and advanced age were significantly associated with UGI cancer.1 Referrals under 2WW need further refinement to identify those at risk for non-UGI cancer.
Hypertension Guidelines Promote Aggressive Therapy
Authors: Cori Vanchieri
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Currents15 January 1998Hypertension Guidelines Promote Aggressive TherapyCori VanchieriCori VanchieriSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-2-199801150-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail New guidelines on the management of hypertension depart from earlier recommendations by placing greater emphasis on prevention and advocating aggressive new treatment strategies. The guidelines were released by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) in Bethesda, Maryland, and developed by the coordinating committee of the NHLBI's National High Blood Pressure Education Program.“We need to prevent the rise of blood pressure with age, improve control, and recognize the importance of high-normal blood pressure in the development of hypertension,” said committee chair Sheldon G. Sheps, MD, emeritus professor of medicine at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.Approximately 50 ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 January 1998Volume 128, Issue 2Page: 162-164KeywordsBlood pressureCalciumDietDrugsHypertensionPrimary hypertensionRenal diseasesRenal failureStrokeTreatment guidelines Issue Published: 15 January 1998 CopyrightCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...