tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Identification of Putative Stem Cell Markers, CD133 and CXCR4, in hTERT–Immortalized Primary Nonmalignant and Malignant Tumor-Derived Human Prostate Epithelial Cell Lines and in Prostate Cancer Specimens
Authors: Jun Miki, Bungo Furusato, Hongzhen Li, Yongpeng Gu, Hiroyuki Takahashi, Shin Egawa, Isabell A. Sesterhenn, David G. McLeod, Shiv Srivastava, Johng S. Rhim
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Understanding normal and cancer stem cells may provide insight into the origin of and new therapeutics for prostate cancer. Normal and cancer stem cells in prostate have recently been identified with a CD44(+)/alpha(2)beta(1)(high)/CD133(+) phenotype. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and its receptor, CXCR4, have multiple essential functions, including homing of stem cells and metastasis of cancer cells. We show here that human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)-immortalized primary nonmalignant (RC-165N/hTERT) and malignant (RC-92a/hTERT) tumor-derived human prostate epithelial cell lines retain stem cell properties with a CD133(+)/CD44(+)/alpha(2)beta(1)(+)/34betaE12(+)/CK18(+)/p63(-)/androgen receptor (AR)(-)/PSA(-) phenotype. Higher CD133 expression was detected in the hTERT-immortalized cells than in primary prostate cells. These immortalized cells exhibited "prostaspheres" in nonadherent culture systems and also maintained higher CD133 expression. The CD133(+) cells from these immortalized cell lines had high proliferative potential and were able to differentiate into AR(+) phenotype. In three-dimensional culture, the CD133(+) cells from RC-165N/hTERT cells produced branched structures, whereas the CD133(+) cells from RC-92a/hTERT cells produced large irregular spheroids with less branched structures. SDF-1 induced, but anti-CXCR4 antibody inhibited, migration of CD133(+) cells from RC-92a/hTERT cells, which coexpressed CXCR4. CXCR4/SDF-1 may sustain tumor chemotaxis in cancer stem cells. Furthermore, immunostaining of clinical prostate specimens showed that CD133 expression was detected in a subpopulation of prostate cancer cells and corresponded to the loss of AR. Expression of CXCR4 was also detected in CD133(+) cancer cells. These novel in vitro models may offer useful tools for the study of the biological features and functional integration of normal and cancer stem cells in prostate.
The problem of conflicting reference frames when investigating three-dimensional space in surface-dwelling animals
Authors: Francesco Savelli, James J. Knierim
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract In a surface-dwelling animal like the rat, experimental strategies for investigating the hippocampal correlates of three-dimensional space appear inevitably complicated by the interplay of global versus local reference frames. We discuss the impact of the resulting confounds on present and future empirical analysis of the “bicoded map” hypothesis by Jeffery and colleagues.
Inhibition of Mediodorsal Thalamus Disrupts Thalamofrontal Connectivity and Cognition
Authors: Sebastien Parnaudeau, Pia-Kelsey O’Neill, Scott S. Bolkan, Ryan D. Ward, Atheir I. Abbas, Bryan L. Roth, Peter D. Balsam, Joshua A. Gordon, Christoph Kellendonk
Journal: Neuron (2013)
Beyond UHC: Monitoring Health and Social Protection Coverage in the Context of Tuberculosis Care and Prevention
Authors: Knut Lönnroth, Philippe Glaziou, Diana Weil, Katherine Floyd, Mukund Uplekar, Mario Raviglione
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2014)

In a Collection Review for the Universal Health Coverage Collection, Knut Lönnroth and colleagues propose a framework for monitoring both health and social protection coverage, as well as their impact on TB epidemiology.
Poppet Embolization From Braunwald-Cutter Aortic Valve
Authors: Roque Pifarré
Journal: JAMA (1977)

RECENTLY, McGoon pointed out the limitations of the prostheses available for aortic valve replacement.<sup>1</sup>Although the majority of prosthetic valves available are durable and hemodynamically acceptable, the threat of thromboembolism has continued to exist. Disk variance has been reported to occur in various models of disk prostheses. Recently, our service reported four cases of disk thinning, grooving, and notching in Beall mitral valve prostheses.<sup>2</sup>Those changes resulted in migration of the disk in one case. It was pointed out that the awareness of the various manifestations of disk variance is essential for the care of patients after prosthetic valve replacement. Although ball-valve variance in the original Starr-Edwards aortic valve was well recognized, Silastic ball embolization has been reported rarely. In 1971, the Braunwald-Cutter clothcovered prosthesis with a Silastic poppet became available for clinical use.<sup>3</sup>In 1974, Pluth and Danielson<sup>4</sup>reported two cases of poppet escape that
Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-dendron phospholipids as innovative constructs for the preparation of super stealth liposomes for anticancer therapy
Authors: Gianfranco Pasut, Donatella Paolino, Christian Celia, Anna Mero, Adrian Steve Joseph, Joy Wolfram, Donato Cosco, Oddone Schiavon, Haifa Shen, Massimo Fresta
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)

Pegylation of nanoparticles has been widely implemented in the field of drug delivery to prevent macrophage clearance and increase drug accumulation at a target site. However, the shielding effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) is usually incomplete and transient, due to loss of nanoparticle integrity upon systemic injection. Here, we have synthesized unique PEG-dendron-phospholipid constructs that form super stealth liposomes (SSLs). A β-glutamic acid dendron anchor was used to attach a PEG chain to several distearoyl phosphoethanolamine lipids, thereby differing from conventional stealth liposomes where a PEG chain is attached to a single phospholipid. This composition was shown to increase liposomal stability, prolong the circulation half-life, improve the biodistribution profile and enhance the anticancer potency of a drug payload (doxorubicin hydrochloride).
The Treatment of the Pregnant Diabetic
Authors: William MacMillan Rodney
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  Comments by Dr Halverson 1 emphasize the involvement of family physicians in the delivery of obstetrical care. Gestational diabetes is an important condition, and I appreciate the overview of the Second International Workshop-Conference on Gestational Diabetes. 2 A conjoint agreement between the American Academy of Family Physicians and the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology was established in 1977. 3 Nevertheless, the sponsoring societies of the International Workshop included no representation from family practice. As a family physician who provides obstetrical care, I would like to state our group's policy regarding insulin initiation during pregnancy.  We have noted the theoretical risk of insulin antibody formation by conventional insulin preparations. 4 We assume that a significant number of pregnant patients who require insulin will not maintain this requirement post partum. For this reason we have recommended the substance most likely to reduce the formation of insulin antibodies, 5
Relationship Between Repeated Measures of Hemodynamics, Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity, and Their Spectral Oscillations
Authors: Philippe van de Borne, Nicola Montano, Bridget Zimmerman, Massimo Pagani, Virend K. Somers
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background We determined the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of repeated measures of the mean levels and variability of RR and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in 7 normal subjects. We examined whether spontaneous fluctuations in RR and MSNA over repeated measurements were mirrored by changes in spectral components of RR and MSNA. Methods and Results Twenty-minute recordings of respiration, RR, blood pressure (BP), and MSNA were performed at day 1, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months and divided into two 10-minute periods for the analysis of short-term reliability. Comparison between these recordings also determined the long-term reliability. Linear regressions examined the relationship between changes in these measurements and changes in spectral components of RR and MSNA. All analyses were carried out blinded to subject and session. Short-term ICC of RR, BP, MSNA and of the variabilities of RR and MSNA (in % of total power) ranged between .98 and .70 and indicated a good short-term reliability. The long-term reliability of RR variability was comparable to MSNA variability (range of ICC, .34 to .52). Spontaneous decreases in RR during the repeated recordings were accompanied by increases in sympathetic drive, as evidenced by increases in the ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency variability (LF/HF ratio) of RR interval ( r =−.43, P &lt;.01) and by increases in MSNA ( r =−.36, P =.01). The changes in the LF/HF ratio of RR were mirrored by parallel changes in the LF/HF ratio of MSNA ( r =+.30, P &lt;.05). Spontaneous decreases in BP were accompanied by increases in the LF/HF ratio of MSNA ( r =−.52; P =.0001). Conclusions Heart rate, MSNA, and their variability are stable in the short-term, but less so over the long term. Spontaneous changes in repeated measurements of RR interval and blood pressure over the long term are accompanied by parallel changes in the normalized spectral components of RR and MSNA variability. Thus even over an extended period, there is a synchrony between changes in absolute cardiovascular measures and changes in their spectral components.
Abstract 3405: MicroRNA expression characterizes oligometastasis(es)
Authors: Rosie Hongmei Xing, Yves A. Lussier, Joseph K. Salama, Nikolai N. Khodarev, Yong Huang, Qingbei Zhang, Sajid A. Khan, Xinan Yang, Michael D. Hasselle, Thomas E. Darga, Renuka Malik, Hanli Fan, Samantha Perakis, Matthew Filippo, Kimberly Corbin, Younghee Lee, Mitchell C. Posner, Steven J. Chmura, Samuel Hellman, Ralph R. Weichselbaum
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Cancer staging and treatment presumes a division into localized or metastatic disease. We proposed an intermediate state defined by β5 cumulative metastasis(es), termed oligometastases. In contrast to widespread polymetastases, oligometastatic patients may benefit from metastasis-directed local treatments. However, many patients who initially present with oligometastases progress to polymetastases. Predictors of progression could improve patient selection for metastasis-directed therapy. Methods: Here, we identified patterns of microRNA expression of tumor samples from oligometastatic patients treated with high-dose radiotherapy. Results: Patients who failed to develop polymetastases are characterized by unique prioritized features of a microRNA classifier that includes the microRNA-200 family. We created an oligometastatic-polymetastatic xenograft model in which the patient-derived microRNAs discriminated between the two metastatic outcomes. MicroRNA-200c enhancement in an oligometastatic cell line resulted in polymetastatic progression. Conclusions: These results demonstrate a biological basis for oligometastases and a potential for using microRNA expression to identify patients most likely to remain oligometastatic after metastasis-directed treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3405. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3405
Prostacyclin Synthase Expression Is Decreased in Lungs from Patients with Severe Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: RUBIN M. TUDER, CARLYNE D. COOL, MARK W. GERACI, JUN WANG, STEVEN H. ABMAN, LAUREL WRIGHT, DAVID BADESCH, NORBERT F. VOELKEL
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1999)

Prostacyclin is a powerful vasodilator and inhibits platelet adhesion and cell growth. We hypothesized that a decrease in expression of the critical enzyme PGI2 synthase (PGI2-S) in the lung may represent an important manifestation of pulmonary endothelial dysfunction in severe pulmonary hypertension (PH). Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were used to assess lung PGI2-S protein expression, and in situ hybridization was used to assess PGI2-S mRNA expression. In the normal pulmonary circulation (n = 7), PGI2-S was expressed in 48% of small, 67% of medium, and 76% of large pulmonary arteries as assessed by immunohistochemistry. PPH (n = 12), cirrhosis-associated (n = 4) and HIV-associated PH (n = 2) lungs exhibited a marked reduction in PGI2-S expression, involving all size ranges of pulmonary arteries. Vessels with concentric lesions showed complete lack of PGI2-S expression. Congenital heart (n = 4) and CREST (n = 2) cases exhibited a more variable immunohistological pattern of PGI2-S expression. These results were complemented by in situ hybridization and Western blots of representative lung samples. We conclude that the different sizes of the pulmonary arteries express PGI2-S differently and that the loss of expression of PGI2-S represents one of the phenotypic alterations present in the pulmonary endothelial cells in severe PH.
Up-regulation of Expression of the <i>Ubiquitin Carboxyl-Terminal Hydrolase L1</i> Gene in Human Airway Epithelium of Cigarette Smokers
Authors: Brendan J. Carolan, Adriana Heguy, Ben-Gary Harvey, Philip L. Leopold, Barbara Ferris, Ronald G. Crystal
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Neuroendocrine differentiation is a common feature of lung cancer and increased numbers of neuroendocrine cells and their peptides have been described in chronic smokers. To understand the effects of cigarette smoking on the gene expression profile of neuroendocrine cells, microarray analysis with TaqMan confirmation was used to assess airway epithelial samples obtained by fiberoptic bronchoscopy from 81 individuals [normal nonsmokers, normal smokers, smokers with early chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), and smokers with established COPD]. Of 11 genes considered to be neuroendocrine cell specific, only ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), a member of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway, was consistently up-regulated in smokers compared with nonsmokers. Up-regulation of UCHL1 at the protein level was observed with immunohistochemical analysis of bronchial biopsies of smokers compared with nonsmokers. UCHL1 expression was evident only in neuroendocrine cells of the airway epithelium in nonsmokers; however, UCHL1 was also expressed in ciliated epithelial cells in smokers. This observation may add further weight to recent observations that ciliated cells are capable of transdifferentiating to other airway epithelial cells. In the context that UCHL1 is involved in the degradation of unwanted, misfolded, or damaged proteins within the cell and is overexpressed in >50% of lung cancers, its overexpression in chronic smokers may represent an early event in the complex transformation from normal epithelium to overt malignancy.
Prospective validation of artificial neural network trained to identify acute myocardial infarction
Authors: W.G. Baxt, J. Skora
Journal: The Lancet (1996)

Artificial neural networks apply non-linear statistics to pattern recognition problems. One such problem is acute myocardial infarction (AMI), a diagnosis which, in a patient presenting as an emergency, can be difficult to confirm. We report here a prospective comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of a network and that of physicians, on the same patients with suspected AMI.Emergency department physicians who evaluated 1070 patients 18 years or older presenting to the emergency department of a teaching hospital in California, USA with anterior chest pain indicated whether they thought these patients had sustained a myocardial infarction. The network analysed the patient data collected by the physicians during their evaluations and also generated a diagnosis.The physicians had a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for myocardial infarction of 73.3% (95% confidence interval 63.3-83.3%) and 81.1% (78.7-83.5%), respectively, while the network had a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 96.0% (91.2-100%) and 96.0% (94.8-97.2%), respectively. Only 7% of patients had had an AMI, a low frequency but typical for anterior chest pain.The application of non-linear neural computational analysis via an artificial neural network to the clinical diagnosis of myocardial infarction appears to have significant potential.
Salivary Electrolytes And Digitalis Toxicity
Authors: Stephen Wotman
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  The detection of digitalis toxicity remains an important problem in medicine. Recently, two techniques have been identified that may prove useful. The first was the ability to quantitate plasma glycoside levels by radioimmunoassay, and the second, the demonstration of an effect on the salivary glands of cardiac glycosides, which results in elevated potassium and calcium concentrations in the salivary secretion. There now exists a large literature, including several reviews that discuss the potential and limitations of the plasma glycoside radioimmunoassays in defining digitalis toxic states. Since the salivary phenomenon has been more recently described, the clinical potential and limitations are not yet as fully defined.  Doherty of the University of Arkansas has challenged, in editorials ( Ann Intern Med 79:229, 1973), letters (226:1228, 1973), and reviews, both the existence of an effect of glycosides on salivary electrolytes and any possible clinical use in patients receiving digitalis. The existence of alteration
Human Adaptation to Arsenic-Rich Environments
Authors: Carina M. Schlebusch, Lucie M. Gattepaille, Karin Engström, Marie Vahter, Mattias Jakobsson, Karin Broberg
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

Adaptation drives genomic changes; however, evidence of specific adaptations in humans remains limited. We found that inhabitants of the northern Argentinean Andes, an arid region where elevated arsenic concentrations in available drinking water is common, have unique arsenic metabolism, with efficient methylation and excretion of the major metabolite dimethylated arsenic and a less excretion of the highly toxic monomethylated metabolite. We genotyped women from this population for 4,301,332 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and found a strong association between the AS3MT (arsenic [+3 oxidation state] methyltransferase) gene and mono- and dimethylated arsenic in urine, suggesting that AS3MT functions as the major gene for arsenic metabolism in humans. We found strong genetic differentiation around AS3MT in the Argentinean Andes population, compared with a highly related Peruvian population (FST = 0.014) from a region with much less environmental arsenic. Also, 13 of the 100 SNPs with the highest genome-wide Locus-Specific Branch Length occurred near AS3MT. In addition, our examination of extended haplotype homozygosity indicated a selective sweep of the Argentinean Andes population, in contrast to Peruvian and Colombian populations. Our data show that adaptation to tolerate the environmental stressor arsenic has likely driven an increase in the frequencies of protective variants of AS3MT, providing the first evidence of human adaptation to a toxic chemical.
Abstract 1356: Frequent <i>H3F3A</i> K27M mutations in thalamic gliomas from young adult patients
Authors: Akitake Mukasa, Koki Aihara, Kengo Gotoh, Kuniaki Saito, Genta Nagae, Shingo Tsuji, Kenji Tatuno, Shogo Yamamoto, Shunsaku Takayanagi, Yoshitaka Narita, Soichiro Shibui, Hiroyuki Aburatani, Nobuhito Saito
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Introduction. Mutations in the H3F3A gene, which encodes histone H3.3, were recently reported in cases of pediatric glioblastoma. H3F3A K27M mutations occur in gliomas that arise at midline locations, including the pons, thalamus, and spine; moreover, this particular mutation is found mainly in tumors in children and adolescents. In this study, we aimed to determine the association between H3F3A mutations and adult thalamic glioma. Methods. Genomic H3F3A was sequenced from 20 separate thalamic gliomas. Of the 20 tumors, 18 were high-grade thalamic gliomas, and of these 18, 11 were from patients under 50 years of age (median age, 38 years; range, 17 - 46), and seven were from patients more than 50 years of age. Additionally, for 14 of the 20 gliomas, 639 genes_including cancer-related genes and chromatin-modifier genes_were sequenced, and the Infinium HumanMethylation450K BeadChip was used to examine DNA methylation across the genome. Results. The H3F3A K27M mutation was present in 10 of (91%) of the 11 younger patients, and absent from all seven older patients. Additionally, H3F3A K27M was not detected in the two diffuse astrocytomas. By additional sequencing, recurrent mutations were identified in TP53, ATRX, NF1, and EGFR. In addition, a KDM6A mutation was found in one case of diffuse astrocytoma and a CREBBP mutation was identified in one case of glioblastoma with the H3F3A K27M mutation. Gliomas with H3F3A K27M from pediatric or young-adult patients had similar, characteristic DNA methylation profiles. In contrast, thalamic gliomas with wild-type H3F3A had DNA methylation profiles similar to those of hemispheric glioblastomas. Conclusion. We found that high-grade thalamic gliomas from young adults, like those from children and adolescents, frequently have the H3F3A K27M mutation. Citation Format: Akitake Mukasa, Koki Aihara, Kengo Gotoh, Kuniaki Saito, Genta Nagae, Shingo Tsuji, Kenji Tatuno, Shogo Yamamoto, Shunsaku Takayanagi, Yoshitaka Narita, Soichiro Shibui, Hiroyuki Aburatani, Nobuhito Saito. Frequent H3F3A K27M mutations in thalamic gliomas from young adult patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1356. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1356
A TRIAL OF DISODIUM CROMOGLYCATE IN PERENNIAL RHINITIS
Authors: ERIK FAGERBERG, OLLE ZETTERSTRÖM
Journal: Allergy (1975)

In this investigation, a double-blind, cross-over trial of sodium cromoglycate in 23 patients with perennial rhinitis was carried out. An improvement in symptoms was found in actively-treated patients, and a greater preference was expressed for active treatment. There was no relationship between response to sodium cromoglycate and the results of allergological investigation. It is conclcuded that therapeutic trial of sodium cromoglycate is worth considering in patients with perennial rhinitis, irrespective of the results of RAST and intracutaneous skin tests.
Most but not all bottom-up interactions between signal properties improve categorization
Authors: John Kingston
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

The massive acoustic redundancy of minimally contrasting speech sounds, coupled with the auditory integration of psychoacoustically similar acoustic properties produces a highly invariant percept, which cannot be improved by top-down feedback from the lexicon. Contextual effects are also bottom-up but not all entirely auditory and may thus differ in whether they affect sensitivity or only response bias.