tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Endogenous Tryptophan Metabolite and NAD+ Precursor Quinolinic Acid Confers Resistance of Gliomas to Oxidative Stress
Authors: Felix Sahm, Iris Oezen, Christiane A. Opitz, Bernhard Radlwimmer, Andreas von Deimling, Tilman Ahrendt, Seray Adams, Helge B. Bode, Gilles J. Guillemin, Wolfgang Wick, Michael Platten
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Quinolinic acid is a product of tryptophan degradation and may serve as a precursor for NAD(+), an important enzymatic cofactor for enzymes such as the DNA repair protein PARP. Pathologic accumulation of quinolinic acid has been found in neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer and Huntington disease, where it is thought to be toxic for neurons by activating the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and inducing excitotoxicity. Although many tumors including gliomas constitutively catabolize tryptophan, it is unclear whether quinolinic acid is produced in gliomas and whether it is involved in tumor progression. Here, we show that quinolinic acid accumulated in human gliomas and was associated with a malignant phenotype. Quinolinic acid was produced by microglial cells, as expression of the quinolinic acid-producing enzyme 3-hydroxyanthranilate oxygenase (3-HAO) was confined to microglia in glioma tissue. Human malignant glioma cells, but not nonneoplastic astrocytes, expressed quinolinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase (QPRT) to use quinolinic acid for NAD(+) synthesis and prevent apoptosis when de novo NAD(+) synthesis was blocked. Oxidative stress, temozolomide, and irradiation induced QPRT in glioma cells. QPRT expression increased with malignancy. In recurrent glioblastomas after radiochemotherapy, QPRT expression was associated with a poor prognosis in two independent datasets. Our data indicate that neoplastic transformation in astrocytes is associated with a QPRT-mediated switch in NAD(+) metabolism by exploiting microglia-derived quinolinic acid as an alternative source of replenishing intracellular NAD(+) pools. The elevated levels of QPRT expression increase resistance to oxidative stress induced by radiochemotherapy, conferring a poorer prognosis. These findings have implications for therapeutic approaches inducing intracellular NAD(+) depletion, such as alkylating agents or direct NAD(+) synthesis inhibitors, and identify QPRT as a potential therapeutic target in malignant gliomas.
Effect of methylene chloride inhalation on replicative DNA synthesis in the lungs of female B6C3F1 mice.
Authors: J Kanno, J F Foley, F Kari, M W Anderson, R R Maronpot
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

In the National Toxicology Program 2-year inhalation study of dichloromethane (DCM), there was a significant increase in pulmonary neoplasms in female B6C3F1 mice exposed to 2000 ppm (overall rates of 30/48 versus 5/50 in control). Replicative DNA synthesis was examined to evaluate the potential role of treatment-induced lung cell proliferation on pulmonary carcinogenicity. Tritiated thymidine incorporation was assessed in methacrylate plastic sections after 1, 2, 3, or 4 weeks of inhalation exposure to 2000 ppm or 8000 ppm DCM. Similar measurements of labeling indexes were made after 13 and 26 weeks of exposure to 2000 ppm DCM using bromodeoxyuridine as the labeling agent. In all cases the labeling agent was delivered over a 6-day period using osmotic minipumps. The labeling index (LI) of bronchiolar epithelium (two branches proximal to the terminal bronchiole) of mice exposed to 2000 ppm DCM for 2-26 weeks decreased to 40-60% of the control. Terminal bronchioles showed a similar decrease in LI. Mice exposed to 8000 ppm DCM had a less dramatic decrease in LI. No pathological change was found in the exposed lungs. It is concluded that inhalation exposure to DCM for up to 26 weeks reduces cell turnover of bronchiolar cells in female B6C3F1 mice.
Hepatobiliary Complications of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, 40 Years On
Authors: George B. McDonald
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Liver problems caused by infection, cholestasis and sinusoidal liver injury in the months following HCT have become less frequent because of preventive and pre-emptive strategies. When patients develop jaundice after transplant, the time to search for treatable causes is early in the course of jaundice, as the risk of mortality rises steeply with small increments of serum bilirubin above normal. Chronic hepatitis C, persistent GVHD, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are significant liver problems in the longest-lived survivors of HCT.
Photodynamic therapy of lung cancer.
Authors: S Lam
Journal: Thorax (1993)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used investigationally for the treatment of lung cancer since 1980. Following systemic administration of a photosensitizing agent such as porfimer sodium (Photofrin; manufactured by Lederle Parenterals, Carolina, Puerto Rico, under license from Quadra Logic Technologies, Inc, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada), specialized optical delivery systems are engaged to deliver light of a specific wavelength (630 nm for porfimer sodium) to neoplastic tissue. A promising use of PDT appears to be treatment of early stage lung carcinoma. Phase I-II clinical trials by Hayata's group in Japan showed that for superficial early lung cancer less than 1 cm in surface diameter, complete eradication can be achieved in approximately 90% of cases. Additional phase II-III clinical trials have demonstrated an average of 90% complete response rates for superficial tumors less than 1 cm in diameter. Preoperative PDT may be useful for larger neoplasms to reduce tumor burden and potentially lessen the degree of surgery required. At the British Columbia Cancer Agency, 22 patients with 30 radiologically occult cancers were treated with PDT. In contrast to Hayata's studies, most of these patients had rather extensive tumor burden. Thirty percent of the tumors involved two or more bronchi, and more than half of them were greater than 1 cm in surface diameter. Twenty-three percent of the cases were bronchial stump recurrences. In the group of patients with bronchial stump recurrence, although a complete response was obtained with PDT initially, local recurrences occurred in 75% of cases. These results suggest that recurrent tumor in the bronchial stump should not be treated with PDT because of difficulty in delivering light endobronchially to distal tissues. Photodynamic therapy may have a role in the palliation of advanced, inoperable, obstructive bronchial tumors. Phytodynamic therapy in combination with external radiotherapy may produce better local control than external radiotherapy alone in patients with obstructive bronchial cancers. Photodynamic therapy and conventional Nd:YAG laser therapy appear to be equally effective in relieving intraluminal obstruction by tumor. An advantage of PDT for this purpose is longer time to treatment failure; a disadvantage is photosensitization that usually occurs for up to 4 weeks after treatment. In summary, PDT is a promising curative treatment for patients with small early bronchial cancers.
Vitamin D Supplementation in Sepsis and Critical Illness: Where Are We Now?
Authors: Jenny E. Han, Thomas R. Ziegler
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

There is growing recognition that vitamin D deficiency is very common in critically ill adults and children, with or without sepsis (1–10). Low serum concentrations of the biomarker of vitamin D status, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), when documented at intensive care unit (ICU) admission, remain unchanged or significantly decrease during the subsequent 7- to 10-day period without adequate vitamin D supplementation (2–5). Several studies have variously demonstrated a significant association between vitamin D deficiency (blood 25[OH]D levels < 15–20 ng/ml] in the ICU and adverse clinical outcomes (e.g., length of hospital stay, readmission rates, and mortality) (4–10). For example, in a retrospective observational study in 1,325 patients, Braun and colleagues found that serum 25(OH)D levels ≤ 15 ng/ml obtained within 7 days before or after initiation of critical care were associated with higher 30-, 60-, and 365-day mortality, even after multivariate adjustment (6). Large retrospective cohort studies indicate that low serum levels of 25(OH)D obtained at time points within 1 year prior to ICU admission are associated with higher rates of sepsis, bloodstream infection, and mortality (11, 12). The reasons for the high rate of vitamin D deficiency in the ICU is likely multifactorial. Decreased exposure to sunlight and/or dietary intake of vitamin D prior to ICU admission may occur, and inflammation, decreased synthesis of vitamin D–binding protein (VDBP; which may result in urinary loss of 25[OH]D), interstitial extravasation, and hemodilution due to fluid loads may play a role after admission (1, 13).
Abstract 5501: Combined effects of docetaxel-magnetic nanoparticles with different surface modifications on prostate cancer cells
Authors: Nao Furuta, Sou Yamaguchi, Ayumi Iwasaki, Daiki Okamoto, Akiko Sato, Yoshihiro Endo, Daisuke Kurioka, Tadashi Nittami, Hitoshi Ishiguro, Hiroji Uemura, Yoshinobu Kunota, Masatoshi Watanabe
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Docetaxel-based chemotherapy prolongs life and relieves symptoms in patients with castration resistant prostate cancer. However, this needs to be improved because of limitations by lack of specificity, systemic toxicity, and progression of docetaxel-resistance. Nanotechnology has served a new role in medical sciences by a variety of nanotechnology platforms, leading to theranostics. Among these platforms, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MgNPs) have potential applications in drug delivery, cancer diagnosis and hyperthermia. We have already shown that MgNPs would modify the effect of chemotherapy in prostate cancer cells based on the observations that MgNPs increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and induced oxidative DNA damage in prostate cancer cell lines. Combined treatment of docetaxel and MgNPs has also shown to suppress nuclear transcription factor kappa B expression in DU145 cells. In this study, we analyzed the combined effects of docetaxel-MgNPs with different surface modifications on a prostate cancer cell line, DU145 and their mechanisms. The combination treatment of docetaxel and carboxylic acid-modified MgNPs (MgNPs-COOH) more effectively inhibited cancer cell growth and induced apoptosis compared with docetaxel-MgNPs combination. While MgNPs produced ROS in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited cancer cell growth slightly, MgNPs-COOH did exert no ROS production, however cell membrane damage in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, MgNPs-COOH showed the involvement of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. These results suggest that MgNPs-COOH may induce different responses compared with MgNPs, and result in favorable development of current chemotherapy for the advanced disease and leading to new theranostics. Citation Format: Nao Furuta, Sou Yamaguchi, Ayumi Iwasaki, Daiki Okamoto, Akiko Sato, Yoshihiro Endo, Daisuke Kurioka, Tadashi Nittami, Hitoshi Ishiguro, Hiroji Uemura, Yoshinobu Kunota, Masatoshi Watanabe. Combined effects of docetaxel-magnetic nanoparticles with different surface modifications on prostate cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5501. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5501
ST-segment elevation during dobutamine stress test: A predictor of late improvement of left ventricular function after a recent Q-wave myocardial infarction
Authors: Abdou Elhendy, Jos R.T.C. Roelandt, Ron T. van Domburg, Galal M. El-Said, Mohammed M. Ibrahim, Medhat El-Refaee, Paolo M. Fioretti
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Steroids, Transfer Factor, and Tuberculosis
Authors: RONALD D. ADLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Comments and Corrections1 December 1973Steroids, Transfer Factor, and TuberculosisRONALD D. ADLER, M.D.RONALD D. ADLER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-79-6-910_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In their paper describing the use of transfer factor to reverse the downhill course of a patient with progressive primary tuberculosis (Ann Intern Med 79:161-166, 1973), Whitcomb and Rocklin did not discuss the possible role of corticosteroid administration and withdrawal in the course of the illness. Indeed, the patient reverted from tuberculin-positive to negative after initiation of steroid therapy, whereas the return of skin-test reactivity and clinical improvement, which was attributed to transfer factor administration, coincided with steroid withdrawal.As a nonspecialist I would appreciate a comment from the authors on the relations among corticosteroid treatment, transfer... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1973Volume 79, Issue 6Page: 910-911KeywordsSteroid therapySteroids Issue Published: 1 December 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis induced by the antifungal terbinafine: case report and review of the literature
Authors: H.S. Beltraminelli, M. Lerch, A. Arnold, A.J. Bircher, P. Haeusermann
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Cutaneous drug reactions occur with a frequency of 1-8% and can be higher for certain classes of drugs. They can range from mild morbilliform eruptions to more severe forms such as drug-hypersensitivity syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis or anaphylaxis. Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is considered to be a clinical reaction pattern, which is induced in over 90% of the cases by systemic drugs. It is a rare presentation of an adverse drug reaction most frequently triggered by anti-infectious drugs. A high proportion of these cases have been attributed to aminopenicillins and macrolides. We report a terbinafine-induced AGEP in a 68-year-old male confirmed by lymphocyte stimulation in vitro, and review the published cases induced by antimycotic drugs with special emphasis on terbinafine-triggered cases.
Eine neue Untersuchungsmethode für die Hysteroskopie
Authors: H.-J. Lindemann
Journal: Endoscopy (1971)

After a brief historical outline on hysteroscopy a newly developed hysteroscope is introduced. A discussion of its optical efficiency is followed by a report on possibilities of examination by means of the endoscopic method of the uterine cavity in about 100 women. According to the phase of cycle typical pictures of the endometrium are recognizable. Pathological pictures of the mucous reveal possibilities of causes of sterility and abortions. At the same time myomas and carcinomas may be diagnosed.
Immunogenicity of Hepatitis B Vaccines
Authors: Jacques Germanaud
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Vaccination using a full course of three doses of HBV leads to the development of protective antibody to anti-HBs response in 85% to 95% of all vaccinees. A small proportion of vaccinees,<sup>1</sup>however, fail to develop anti-HBs titers of greater than 10 mIU/mL, the minimal titer considered to be protective.<sup>2</sup>Nonresponsiveness is thought to be associated with increasing age, obesity, smoking cigarettes, and certain immunogenetic status. Recently it has been reported that an important percentage of the nonresponders were positive for serum HBV DNA, detected by polymerase chain reaction. This was the case in four of six nonresponders in a study by Takahashi et al<sup>3</sup>and in 16 of 26 in a study by Luo et al.<sup>4</sup> We studied nonresponders among health care workers in Hospital of Orleans (France). Each health care worker was vaccinated with three doses of recombinant vaccine (Engerix-B) at
Vitamin D involvement in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythaematosus
Authors: M Cutolo, K Otsa, S Paolino, M Yprus, T Veldi, B Seriolo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

We read with interest the paper by Costenbader et al on vitamin D intake and risks of systemic lupus erythaematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in women.1

The authors conclude that their prospective study does not lend evidence that to the hypothesis that increasing vitamin D intake can protect against SLE or RA.

In this case, using semiquantitative questionnaires regarding the intake of food and the frequency of supplements to assess vitamin D status may not necessarily be a reliable way to indicate the actual absorption and serum levels. This is due to the fact that several other factors, including altered metabolic pathways and others, regulate the real availability. Therefore, the most reliable way to assess vitamin D …
Differential Washout of FDG Activity in Two Different Inflammatory Lesions
Authors: Gang Cheng, Abass Alavi, Catherine V. Del Bello, Scott R. Akers
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

We describe the changes of FDG uptake in different inflammatory lesions on multiple time point FDG PET/CT. FDG uptake in granulomatous lesions was more intense and focal, with higher intensity on delayed images. In contrast, FDG uptake in chronic arthritic joint inflammation was diffuse and mild, without significant change over time, while FDG uptake in nonarthritic joints was at near-background level with decreased activity on delayed images. The retention index was significantly higher in patients with granulomatous lesions than that in other groups. Our finding indicates differential FDG uptake and clearance in active granulomas versus chronic inflammation.
But what about the diet, doctor?
Authors: R. Narayanan
Journal: BMJ (1989)

psychiatric hospital because they still think of the old Victorian lunatic asylum.Many people have come to me and said, "Wouldn't he be better in a private nursing home dear?"I explain that he could not have better care than he is getting and that most nursing homes are not equipped or the staff not trained to look after someone with dementia.Carers need help to accept the fact that when their partner no longer recognises them it is not wrong to allow the patient to be in hospital.In fact if they refuse they could end up there as well.Help is also needed so that the carer does not think they must visit every day.Visiting is distressing, but the patient does not know who the carer is anyway.I was advised always to have a friend with me when I visit, which I did once a
Hepatic Granulomatosis and Sarcoidosis
Authors: Harold L. Israel, Robert A. Goldstein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Hepatic granulomatosis found during study of patients with unexplained fever or fatigue was in the past often attributed to tuberculosis and has recently been described as a syndrome of unknown cause. Study of 30 patients with normal chest roentgenograms and noncaseating hepatic granulomas indicates the importance of biopsies from other tissues. A diagnosis of sarcoidosis appeared justified in nine patients by the demonstration of extra-abdominal granulomas or prior hilar adenopathy. Seven patients with similar clinical features and demonstration of granulomas in spleen or abdominal lymph nodes probably had sarcoidosis, and other patients may have had this disease. The Kveim reaction, positive in only 2 of 27 patients tested, has little value in excluding sarcoidosis. Corticosteroid treatment was consistently effective in control of symptoms, but serial biopsies often showed little effect on the hepatic lesions.
Switching between antitumour necrosis factor alpha biologic agents - is patient weight an important consideration?
Authors: A.M.R. Downs
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Journal Article Switching between antitumour necrosis factor alpha biologic agents — is patient weight an important consideration? Get access A.M.R. Downs A.M.R. Downs Department Dermatology, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DA, U.K. E‐mail: Anthony.downs@rdeft.nhs.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 160, Issue 5, 1 May 2009, Pages 1123–1124, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09063.x Published: 01 May 2009
Cyclosporine Treatment for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: David B. Sachar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

The gastroenterologic world is so desperate for fresh approaches to the stubborn problem of inflammatory bowel disease that it will grasp at almost any straw. It is a measure of this desperation that the therapies recommended for ileitis and colitis have run the gamut from bacille Calmette–Guérin vaccination, transfer factor, and coherin, to vitamin A, thymectomy, and acupuncture. However, only four classes of pharmacologic agents have gained a strong foothold in the management of inflammatory bowel disease: sulfasalazine and related aminosalicylates, corticosteroids and ACTH, metronidazole and other antibiotics, and immunosuppressive agents.The optimal treatment, of course, would neutralize or eradicate . . .
Congenital dislocation of the hip.
Authors: A. W. Fowler
Journal: BMJ (1968)

It shows that over 13 % of cycles may be less than 24 days in duration and over 22% are 31 days or longer.These data should be kept in mind when considering the effects of exogenous oestrogens and progestogens on the menstrual cycle.-Iam, etc.,
Our healthier nation
Authors: J. Gabbay
Journal: BMJ (1998)

At last we have a national public health policy firmly based on the glaring evidence that health depends on social, economic, and environmental policies as well as on individual lifestyles and health services. The government's green paper, Our Healthier Nation 1 sets out the case for concerted action to tackle not just the causes of disease but the causes of the causes: poverty, inequalities, social exclusion, unemployment, and all the other features of the physical and social environment that converge to undermine health.2 “Connected problems,” the paper tells us, “require joined-up solutions.” The joining up is to be done via a three way “contract” between central government, local services, and the individual, where each will agree to play its part in improving the country's health while reducing health inequalities.

Thus, under the Minister for Public Health, government bodies in all sectors are to be driven towards policies that help improve health. Partnerships between health and local authorities will solve local problems, each partner committing themselves to appropriate targets. The public are to be given more help and information, especially in schools, workplaces, and …
Pulmonary melioidosis in a patient with diabetes mellitus
Authors: I. Chofnas
Journal: Thorax (1972)

A 32-year-old male diabetic developed an acute episode of progressive pulmonary melioidosis while employed in Vietnam. Ketosis and undue glycosuria frequently noted in diabetics with other acute infections were not recognized in this patient. The patient9s response to combined and long-term antimicrobials was excellent. This approach to therapy is recommended in acute cases and refractory cases of chronic disease.