tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Causes of Cutting-Oil Dermatitis
Authors: George E. Morris, Clarence Maloof
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

THE Massachusetts Division of Occupational Hygiene, as one of its services, has several valuable bulletins that it supplies on request to physicians, safety engineers, industrial management and others interested in the field of industrial health.§ These bulletins are periodically revised and reprinted, incorporating the latest advances in industrial hygiene.Dr. Hervey Elkins, director of the Division, requested that we review the bulletin on cutting-oil dermatitis for possible improvement, the bulletin having last been printed in 1943; since then more than a thousand copies have been distributed to Massachusetts industrial plants.One of us (G.E.M.), who had taken part in its . . .
Nondiabetic Ketoacidosis: A Complication of Alcoholism.
Authors: Medhat Girgis
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972Nondiabetic Ketoacidosis: A Complication of Alcoholism.Medhat Girgis, M.D., Judith Duga, M.D., Leonard J. Levy, M.D., Edwin E. Gordon, M.D.Medhat Girgis, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Judith Duga, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Leonard J. Levy, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Edwin E. Gordon, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-857_5 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe accumulation of ketone bodies in the plasma of nondiabetic patients is rarely of sufficient magnitude to result in metabolic acidosis. Five episodes of severe ketoacidosis (mean arterial pH, 7.15; range, 6.96 to 7.29) have been documented in four patients with a history of chronic alcoholism, but without diabetes or a family history of diabetes mellitus. A history of significant alcohol intake accompanied by protracted vomiting for several days prior to hospital admission was elicited in each patient. When first seen, all patients exhibited rapid or Kussmaul respirations without an acetone odor to the breath. In addition to the depressed... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York, N. Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 857-858KeywordsAcetonesAcidosisAlcoholismAlcoholsBlood plasmaDiabetes mellitusKetonesRespirationVomiting ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Effects of Arterial and Pulmonary Shunts on the Dynamics of Aortic Coarctation
Authors: TRILOK CHAND GUPTA
Journal: Circulation (1951)

This communication deals with the manner in which collateral arterial channels and a persistent ductus arteriosus affect the dynamics of an uncomplicated aortic coarctation which was studied experimentally by means of artificial shunts and registration of pressure pulses. The conclusion is reached that effective collaterals or a surgical subclavian-aortic shunt can be effective dynamically in reducing hypertension and left ventricular strain and in providing an adequate flow through tissues despite the fact that the femoral pressure pulse does not revert to a normal form. The presence of an aortic-pulmonary shunt affects aortic pressure both through reduction in aortic resistance and augmentation of systolic discharge until very severe degrees of coarctation exist. The right ventricle of the normal heart can function as a systemic ventricle only when the aorta is almost completely occluded.
Met Receptor Signaling: A Key Effector in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Mark R. Anderson, Rebecca Harrison, Paul A. Atherfold, Moray J. Campbell, S. Jane Darnton, Jolanta Obszynska, Janusz A.Z Jankowski
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma is rising, and survival rates remain poor. The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor Met has been detected in esophageal cancer. The perturbation of cadherin/catenin complexes has also been shown. We sought to investigate a link among Met expression, cadherin/catenin biology, and cell growth. We assessed the prognostic significance of Met expression in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Experimental Design: Met and HGF expression in esophageal tissues were assessed using immunohistochemistry and ELISA. Met-positive cell lines (OE33 and SEG1) and a Met-negative cell line (TE7) were incubated with HGF. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR and Western blotting were used to assess levels of E-cadherin expression. Nuclear TCF/β-catenin signaling was assessed following reporter construct transfection. Agar colony formation was used to assess anchorage-independent growth. A panel of 72 resected esophageal adenocarcinomas were assessed for Met expression by immunohistochemistry and correlated to survival data. Results: An increased expression of Met was seen along the metaplasia- adenocarcinoma sequence. Met-positive cells showed reductions in E-cadherin mRNA (37% and 69%) and protein expression following stimulation with HGF (P &amp;lt; 0.01). OE33 and SEG-1 showed up to a 2-fold increase in the levels of β-catenin nuclear signaling (P &amp;lt; 0.01). TE7 only responded when transfected to express Met; E-cadherin expression decreased by 64% (P &amp;lt; 0.01). HGF stimulation led to increased agar colony formation (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Patients with Met-positive tumors showed lower 6-month survival rates after surgical resection than those with Met-negative tumors (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Met activation induces changes consistent with early invasion, such as down-regulation of E-cadherin, increased nuclear TCF/β-catenin signaling, and anchorage-independent growth. This is supported by ex vivo data associating Met with reduced short-term survival. Inhibitors of Met may be effective treatment for esophageal adenocarcinoma.
The NHS reforms war: Politics by any other name
Authors: Kamran Abbasi
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2012)

By the time you read this, an unlikely alliance of assorted royal medical colleges, medical trade unions, and management organisations might have laid siege to Richmond House, citadel of the Department of Health, demanding Andrew Lansley's head is ripped from his body and skewered atop the gates that guard the Houses of Parliament. Alternatively, rebels and evil empire might be sharing a gin and tonic to discuss a few thousand further amendments to Lansley's health bill.

Readers might not welcome my efforts to downplay the seriousness of the moment. The NHS is in danger and must be saved, say the anti-reformists. The NHS is on its deathbed and must be saved, say the reformers. The reality is nothing of the sort, of course. The NHS is like a juggernaut on a highway, ever moving and barely deviating. The highway might have many lanes created by different legislation but the direction of travel alters little.

You might consider this empty rhetoric or you might take Rudolf Klein's views into consideration [p 48]. “There is only one reasonably confident conclusion that can be drawn from the history of successive reforms,” explains Klein. “Neither Lansley's vision of transformed NHS, nor his critic's nightmare of a service stumbling towards collapse is likely to materialize.” Klein bases his argument on years of evidence-based observation of the NHS and the papers published in a supplement to the current issue of Journal of Health Services Research and Policy, a health policy journal published by Royal Society of Medicine Press.

Klein's editorial doesn't simply provide clarity in an NHS fog of confusion. It also signals a new initiative by JRSM to highlight the best of what's published in RSM Press' portfolio of twenty-six journals, both by way of editorials like Klein's and a new RSM Press Round Up page [p 90]. We believe the whole is greater than the sum of its parts; a thought that our NHS protagonists might want to consider as they lay waste to each other. For if you were to be persuaded by Klein's verdict on the inconsequential effects of NHS reform—and I am—you might conclude that the current war minus the shooting is really politics by any other name, except that the 2012 vintage is a particularly toxic and vindictive grape.

Follow me on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/EditorJRSM
Risk factors for readmission to hospital for asthma in childhood.
Authors: E A Mitchell, J M Bland, J M Thompson
Journal: Thorax (1994)

Readmissions account for part of the increase in hospital admissions for asthma in childhood seen in many countries.This observational study recorded demographic features and the severity, treatment and management of asthma in 1034 individual children admitted to hospital over a one year period, followed for a maximum of 33 months.Readmissions were common, with 33% readmitted by six months and 51% by two years. After controlling for a wide range of variables, factors that significantly increased readmission were: female sex (relative risk (RR) 1.23; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03 to 1.46), young age (age < 5 years RR 1.71; 95% CI 1.41 to 2.08), number of previous admissions (one previous admission RR 1.32; two, RR 1.68; three, RR 2.00; four or more, RR 2.80), and inpatient intravenous treatment (RR 1.29; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.55). Inpatient treatment with theophylline was used frequently (98.4%), but was associated with decreased readmissions (RR 0.51, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.92). Factors which did not predict readmission included ethnicity, respiratory and pulse rate, medical team, prescribed prophylactic treatment, type of follow up, or the use of action plans.Risk factors for readmission relate to the characteristics of the individual (age and sex), severity of the condition (intravenous treatment), and number of previous admissions which may reflect severity or behaviour of the illness. Medical treatment and management did not influence readmissions. Strategies to reduce the high readmission rate for asthma in childhood need to be developed.
Suicidality and Injury of the Prefrontal Cortex in Multiple Incidents of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Ronald G. Riechers, Suzanne E. Ruff, Robert L. Ruff
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

To the Editor The article by Bryan and Clemans 1 about the relationships between episodes of combat mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and suicide augments information on the role of repeated traumatic brain injury episodes in the genesis of brain injury and altered behavior. 2,3 The finding of a relationship between number of mTBI episodes and the likelihood of suicidality is consistent with prior observations demonstrating that the likelihood of an individual developing posttraumatic stress disorder increased with the number of episodes of combat mTBI that were associated with loss of consciousness (LOC). 4 We found that the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder and the number of mTBI episodes was stronger for mTBI associated with LOC compared with the number of mTBI events that were not accompanied by LOC. We wonder if Bryan and Clemans 1 can comment on whether suicidality was related more strongly to episodes of mTBI with LOC compared with episodes without LOC. We would appreciate the thoughts of Bryan and Clemans 1 on the role of impulsivity in suicidality following mTBI. Our experience has been that impaired impulse control is associated with suicide attempts following combat mTBI. Individuals may flip into a suicidal state following an unpredictable setback. For example, we treated a veteran who had sustained multiple episodes of mTBI who received a note from a former acquaintance. The veteran thought the acquaintance intended to resume a romantic relationship. The veteran attempted suicide after discovering that the acquaintance did not desire romance. The attempted suicide was done impulsively. The veteran did not contact anyone to express distress. Impulsivity can reflect altered frontal lobe function. A recent study reported increased activation of the anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex in combat veterans with histories of suicidal ideation. 5 We found that impaired olfaction increased with the number of mTBI events associated with LOC. 4 Because the olfactory cortex is located in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, impaired olfaction may indicate prefrontal injury. The observation that an increased number of traumatic brain injury events are associated with increased risk of suicidality suggests that such individuals, their families, and caregivers should be targeted for interventions to prevent suicide including education to encourage the veteran to alert others when thoughts of suicide emerge. Families need education about mTBI to understand that even though the veteran may
Letter from Trincomalee. Innocence abroad
Authors: S. Stitham
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Guidelines in the Management of the Exercising Patient
Authors: Kenneth H. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The current widespread interest in jogging and the frequency of ischemic heart disease in the American male population have prompted many physicians to request specific guidelines in the management of patients who wish to begin an exercise program. This communication provides such guidelines in the following areas: The type and the importance of the initial medical examination; physical fitness testing, its value and its risks; contraindications and abnormal responses to exercise; and restrictions to be placed upon the older exercising patient. With this information, physicians can better advise their patients about the hazards associated with exercise as well as the use of exercise as a therapeutic tool.
A composite MyD88/CD40 switch synergistically activates mouse and human dendritic cells for enhanced antitumor efficacy
Authors: Priyadharshini Narayanan, Natalia Lapteva, Mamatha Seethammagari, Jonathan M. Levitt, Kevin M. Slawin, David M. Spencer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

The in vivo therapeutic efficacy of DC-based cancer vaccines is limited by suboptimal DC maturation protocols. Although delivery of TLR adjuvants systemically boosts DC-based cancer vaccine efficacy, it could also increase toxicity. Here, we have engineered a drug-inducible, composite activation receptor for DCs (referred to herein as DC-CAR) comprising the TLR adaptor MyD88, the CD40 cytoplasmic region, and 2 ligand-binding FKBP12 domains. Administration of a lipid-permeant dimerizing ligand (AP1903) induced oligomerization and activation of this fusion protein, which we termed iMyD88/CD40. AP1903 administration to vaccinated mice enabled prolonged and targeted activation of iMyD88/CD40-modified DCs. Compared with conventionally matured DCs, AP1903-activated iMyD88/CD40-DCs had increased activation of proinflammatory MAPKs. AP1903-activated iMyD88/CD40-transduced human or mouse DCs also produced higher levels of Th1 cytokines, showed improved migration in vivo, and enhanced both antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses and innate NK cell responses. Furthermore, treatment with AP1903 in vaccinated mice led to robust antitumor immunity against preestablished E.G7-OVA lymphomas and aggressive B16.F10 tumors. Thus, the iMyD88/CD40 unified "switch" effectively and safely replaced exogenous adjuvant cocktails, allowing remote and sustained DC activation in vivo. DC "licensing" through iMyD88/CD40 may represent a mechanism by which to exploit the natural synergy between the TLR and CD40 signaling pathways in DCs using a single small molecule drug and could augment the efficacy of antitumor DC-based vaccines.
The Global Burden of Chronic Diseases
Authors: Derek Yach, Corinna Hawkes, C. Linn Gould, Karen J. Hofman
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Chronic diseases are the largest cause of death in the world. In 2002, the leading chronic diseases--cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease, and diabetes--caused 29 million deaths worldwide. Despite growing evidence of epidemiological and economic impact, the global response to the problem remains inadequate. Stakeholders include governments, the World Health Organization and other United Nations bodies, academic and research groups, nongovernmental organizations, and the private sector. Lack of financial support retards capacity development for prevention, treatment, and research in most developing countries. Reasons for this include that up-to-date evidence related to the nature of the burden of chronic diseases is not in the hands of decision makers and strong beliefs persist that chronic diseases afflict only the affluent and the elderly, that they arise solely from freely acquired risks, and that their control is ineffective and too expensive and should wait until infectious diseases are addressed. The influence of global economic factors on chronic disease risks impedes progress, as does the orientation of health systems toward acute care. We identify 3 policy levers to address these impediments elevating chronic diseases on the health agenda of key policymakers, providing them with better evidence about risk factor control, and persuading them of the need for health systems change. A more concerted, strategic, and multisectoral policy approach, underpinned by solid research, is essential to help reverse the negative trends in the global incidence of chronic disease.
Surgical correction of pectus excavatum using a retrosternal bar.
Authors: C G Sbokos, I K McMillan, C W Akins
Journal: Thorax (1975)

Pectus excavatum is a progressive congenital deformity for which surgical correction is an established procedure. The method of correction using a stainless steel retrosternal bar to maintain the sternum elevated is, in our experience, the most successful procedure. Successful surgical correction usually requires resection of all deformed costal cartilages with transverse osteotomy of the anterior table of the sternum and internal fixation using a bar anterior to the rib cage but behind the sternum. In the last 13 years 118 patients with this deformity have been evaluated and 72 patients have been surgically corrected by the described procedure. Of these 72 patients, 65 (90 percent) have had excellent or good cosmetic and functional results. The best results were obtained when the child was operated on between the ages of 6 and 10 years, the poorest results in those operated on under the age of 3 or over the age of 20. For a satisfactory result the bar must be left in for at least six months; the best results were obtained in those patients in whom the bar was left in for at least one year. No serious complications have followed the use of this technique.
Stereotactic Heavy-Charged-Particle Bragg-Peak Radiation for Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations
Authors: Gary K. Steinberg, Jacob I. Fabrikant, Michael P. Marks, Richard P. Levy, Kenneth A. Frankel, Mark H. Phillips, Lawrence M. Shuer, Gerald D. Silverberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Heavy-charged-particle radiation has several advantages over protons and photons for the treatment of intracranial lesions; it has an improved physical distribution of the dose deep in tissue, a small angle of lateral scattering, and a sharp distal falloff of the dose.
Overview of milling techniques for improving the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs
Authors: Zhi Hui Loh, Asim Kumar Samanta, Paul Wan Sia Heng
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2015)

Milling involves the application of mechanical energy to physically break down coarse particles to finer ones and is regarded as a “top–down” approach in the production of fine particles. Fine drug particulates are especially desired in formulations designed for parenteral, respiratory and transdermal use. Most drugs after crystallization may have to be comminuted and this physical transformation is required to various extents, often to enhance processability or solubility especially for drugs with limited aqueous solubility. The mechanisms by which milling enhances drug dissolution and solubility include alterations in the size, specific surface area and shape of the drug particles as well as milling-induced amorphization and/or structural disordering of the drug crystal (mechanochemical activation). Technology advancements in milling now enable the production of drug micro- and nano-particles on a commercial scale with relative ease. This review will provide a background on milling followed by the introduction of common milling techniques employed for the micronization and nanonization of drugs. Salient information contained in the cited examples are further extracted and summarized for ease of reference by researchers keen on employing these techniques for drug solubility and bioavailability enhancement.
1137-100 Five-year survival data from the APRICOT trials: Does female gender really portend unfavorable outcome?
Authors: Hendrik-Jan Dieker, Nick Clappers, Peter C Kievit, Marc A Brouwer, Paul J.P.C van den Bergh, Wim R.M Aengevaeren, Gerrit Veen, Freek W.A Verheught
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
The Empty Fortress: Infantile Autism and the Birth of the Self
Authors: Stella Chess
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Dr. Bettelheim is a well-known exponent of  thesis that  Severe mental illness of unknown etiology in children, commonly known as autism, is  result of pathological influences of  parents on  child's early development. He is an advocate of long-term residential treatment of such children by psychotherapy and other psychological means, as practiced under his direction in The Chicago Orthogenic School. In  present volume  reader will find a clear and detailed presentation of  author's point of view and of his therapeutic approach. Three case histories are here presented in great detail, and three others more briefly, to illustrate Bettelheim's conception that  autistic symptoms represent  child's response to  parent's desire that he not exist. The goal of treatment, therefore, is expressed in  subtitle of  book, the Birth of  Self. The therapeutic techniques used by  author to achieve this