tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Results of a Rehabilitation Program for Geriatric Patients in County Hospitals
Authors: James W. Rae
Journal: JAMA (1962)

A geriatric rehabilitation project was carried out at 4 county hospitals. Patients in 3 served as an experimental population; those in the fourth, as a control group. All patients received comprehensive evaluations; the experimental population was given physical rehabilitation and social and vocational activites. Approximately one-third required intensive rehabilitation; another third, nursing care; and the remainder, supervised, homelike living arrangements. After treatment, 34% of the experimental population—compared with 5% of the control population—showed significant improvement in functional abilities. Two-thirds of those requiring intensive rehabilitation showed such improvement. In one year, over 20% of the experimental group— but less than 5% of the control group— was discharged. Almost all were patients who had been expected to require permanent institutional care. At one hospital, subsequent savings in welfare funds more than covered the cost of rehabilitation and discharge programs.
The role of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in cardiovascular disease
Authors: C. Depre, S. R. Powell, X. Wang
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2009)

Whereas the mechanisms controlling cellular growth through protein synthesis have been investigated extensively in the cardiovascular system, especially in terms of cardiac cell hypertrophy and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, the processes by which endogenous proteins are degraded in these cells have received much less attention and have only begun to be revealed.The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is responsible for the degradation of 70-90% of intracellular proteins.The fundamental importance of the UPS in these degradation mechanisms was highlighted when Rose, Hershko, and Ciechanover were awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their seminal contributions in that field, i.e. the discovery of both ubiquitin 1 and the proteasome. 2 As illustrated in this Spotlight Issue, protein degradation by the UPS plays a central role in cardiovascular physiology and disease: from endothelial function, the cell cycle, and atherosclerosis to myocardial ischaemia, cardiac hypertrophy, inherited cardiomyopathies, and heart failure.Investigations on the role of the UPS in the cardiovascular system started about 15 years ago and have since increased exponentially.In the heart, the first reports demonstrated that the proteasome is responsible for the degradation of specific, stress-sensitive transcriptional regulators, such as NF-kB, HIF-1a, or inducible cAMP early repressor. 3,4It was subsequently shown that the UPS also degrades contractile proteins and components of the sarcomere. 5,6The development of several categories of proteasome-specific inhibitors further delineated a role for the UPS in multiple forms of heart disease, such as ischaemia/reperfusion, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyopathies, and heart failure.In the vasculature, it was initially shown that proteasome activity affects angiogenesis 7 and, subsequently, that the proteasome participates in nitric oxide metabolism, oxidative stress, and atherosclerosis.Descriptions of a dysfunction of the UPS in human heart disease also began to emerge in the literature. 8 -10 Recently, several clinical case reports have mentioned potentially cardiotoxic side effects of proteasome inhibitors, for example, in patients treated for solid tumours and haematological malignancies. 11,12l these advances have been reviewed in the current Spotlight
Sexual Dimorphism and the Evolution of Sex-Biased Gene Expression in the Brown Alga Ectocarpus
Authors: Agnieszka Lipinska, Alexandre Cormier, Rémy Luthringer, Akira F. Peters, Erwan Corre, Claire M.M. Gachon, J. Mark Cock, Susana M. Coelho
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

Males and females often have marked phenotypic differences, and the expression of these dissimilarities invariably involves sex differences in gene expression. Sex-biased gene expression has been well characterized in animal species, where a high proportion of the genome may be differentially regulated in males and females during development. Male-biased genes tend to evolve more rapidly than female-biased genes, implying differences in the strength of the selective forces acting on the two sexes. Analyses of sex-biased gene expression have focused on organisms that exhibit separate sexes during the diploid phase of the life cycle (diploid sexual systems), but the genetic nature of the sexual system is expected to influence the evolutionary trajectories of sex-biased genes. We analyze here the patterns of sex-biased gene expression in Ectocarpus, a brown alga with haploid sex determination (dioicy) and a low level of phenotypic sexual dimorphism. In Ectocarpus, female-biased genes were found to be evolving as rapidly as male-biased genes. Moreover, genes expressed at fertility showed faster rates of evolution than genes expressed in immature gametophytes. Both male- and female-biased genes had a greater proportion of sites experiencing positive selection, suggesting that their accelerated evolution is at least partly driven by adaptive evolution. Gene duplication appears to have played a significant role in the generation of sex-biased genes in Ectocarpus, expanding previous models that propose this mechanism for the resolution of sexual antagonism in diploid systems. The patterns of sex-biased gene expression in Ectocarpus are consistent both with predicted characteristics of UV (haploid) sexual systems and with the distinctive aspects of this organism's reproductive biology.
Changes of genetic apolipoprotein phenotypes caused by liver transplantation. Implications for apolipoprotein synthesis.
Authors: H G Kraft, H J Menzel, F Hoppichler, W Vogel, G Utermann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Liver transplantation provides a unique opportunity to investigate the contribution in vivo of the liver to the synthesis and degradation of genetically polymorphic plasma proteins. We have determined the genetic polymorphisms plasma proteins. We have determined the genetic polymorphisms of apo A-IV, apo E, and of the Lp(a) glycoprotein (apo (a] in the plasma of subjects undergoing liver transplantation and in respective organ donors. The results show that in humans, greater than 90% of the plasma apo E and virtually all apo (a) are liver derived, whereas this organ does not significantly contribute to plasma apo A-IV levels.
Membrane Cholesterol — Is Enough Too Much?
Authors: Richard A. Cooper, Sanford J. Shattil
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Cholesterol is one of the most enigmatic molecules in human biology. On the one hand, it is an essential structural component of membranes and lipoproteins. On the other, it contributes to the pathogenesis of diseases as diverse as gallstones, atherosclerosis, and hemolytic anemia.Cholesterol's role in disease is related to its extremely low solubility in water. Fortunately, cholesterol is readily solubilized by detergent-like molecules, the most common of which are the phospholipids. Unlike cholesterol, phospholipids form lamellar membranous structures in an aqueous environment. Cholesterol is capable of interdigitating among the phospholipids within such structures. It is these lamellae of phospholipid . . .
IRRADIATION AND STERILITY
Authors: W. L. Russell
Journal: JAMA (1952)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The paper by I. C. Rubin entitled "Third Generation Follow-up in Woman Receiving Pelvic Irradiation," which appeared inThe Journal(<b>150:</b>207 [Sept. 20] 1952) and was described under the heading "X-ray Doses Do Not Harm Future Children" in<i>Science News Letter</i>(<b>62:</b>213 [Oct. 4] 1952), may lead some clinicians to the view that there are no genetic hazards of x-irradiation in man. The opinion of this writer, and presumably of every geneticist, is that such a conclusion is not justified. Dr. Rubin does not actually state that there is no hazard, but he believes his own cases and those of others fail to support the claim that there is one. It seems necessary, therefore, to examine in detail the cogency of Dr. Rubin's negative evidence and the validity of his arguments. Dr. Rubin's material consists of one child, "normal by all pediatric standards," born on
A Test for Detection of Porphyria-Inducing Drugs
Authors: S. Granick
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the inherited hepatic porphyria diseases, acute attacks may be precipitated by low doses of certain sedative drugs such as barbiturates. Large doses of these drugs may induce an "experimental" or "chemical" porphyria in normal animals. We have developed an<i>in vitro</i>method for determining which chemicals have the potential to induce porphyria. The<i>in vitro</i>method we have used is described in a preliminary communication in the<i>Journal of Biological Chemistry</i>(<b>238:</b>PC2247 [June] 1963). It utilizes chick embryo liver cells grown on coverslips in primary culture. These cells respond to an inducing chemical by forming large amounts of porphyrins which can be visualized in the cells with a fluorescence microscope. The more immediate action of an inducing chemical appears to be the induction of an increase in the synthesis of δ-aminolevulinic acid synthetase, the limiting enzyme of porphyrin biosynthesis in the chick embryo liver cells.
Nocebo Effects, Patient-Clinician Communication, and Therapeutic Outcomes
Authors: Luana Colloca, Damien Finniss
Journal: JAMA (2012)

NOCEBO EFFECTS ARE ADVERSE EVENTS PRODUCED by negative expectations and represent the negative side of placebo effects.It is now recognized that nocebo effects exist and operate during routine treatments, negatively affecting clinical outcomes even when placebos are not administered.The nocebo effects and placebo effects are the direct result of the psychosocial context or therapeutic environment on a patient's mind, brain, and body.Both phenomena can be produced by multiple factors, such as verbal suggestions and past experience. 1In the case of nocebo effects, negative information and prior unsuccessful therapies may be particularly important in mediating undesirable outcomes to routine therapy.Therefore, consideration of nocebo effects in the context of patient-clinician communication and disclosure in routine practice may be valuable in both minimizing the nocebo component of a given therapy and improving outcomes.
LHT7, a chemically modified heparin, inhibits multiple stages of angiogenesis by blocking VEGF, FGF2 and PDGF-B signaling pathways
Authors: Seung Woo Chung, Sang Mun Bae, Myungjin Lee, Taslim A. Al-Hilal, Chang Kyung Lee, Jeong Kon Kim, In-San Kim, Sang Yoon Kim, Youngro Byun
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
T5 Sampling Airway Mucosal Lining Fluid Identifies Roles For IL-33 and Multiple Inflammatory Pathways in Virus-Induced Asthma Exacerbations
Authors: DJ Jackson, M Trujillo-Torralbo, J Footitt, B Shamji, J del-Rosario, A Telcian, T Hunt, D Hunt, P Mallia, OM Kon, M Edwards, J Westwick, TT Hansel, SL Johnston
Journal: Thorax (2012)

Rhinovirus (RV) infection is the most common cause of asthma exacerbations (AE), however mechanisms are poorly understood. Conventional sampling techniques such as bronchoalveolar lavage dilute many cytokines below limits of detection and consequently it has not been possible to measure key mediators of Th1, Th2 and Th17 pathways during virus-induced AE’s<i>.</i> In addition, IL-33, an epithelial-derived alarmin, has recently been shown to be essential for mouse virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, however the relationship between IL-33 and exacerbations in human asthma remains unknown. Using the human model of experimental RV induced AE along with novel techniques to sample upper and lower airway mucosal lining fluid (MLF) we investigated the roles of IL-33 and several other prominent cytokines in virus-induced AE’s. <h3>Methods</h3> 32 mild-to-moderate asthmatics and 14 healthy subjects were inoculated nasally with RV-16. Symptom scores were recorded daily. Bronchoscopies were performed 2 weeks prior to inoculation and on d4 post-inoculation. Novel techniques to sample MLF called ‘bronchosorption’ and ‘nasosorption’ were performed. Cytokines were measured in both bronchial and nasal samples at baseline and on d4 with further nasal sampling on days 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 42. <h3>Results</h3> In asthma, nasal IL-4, –5, –13, –17, –33, and IFN-γ levels were significantly increased during infection compared to baseline (all P&lt;0.001). IL-33 and Th2 cytokines but not IFN-γ or IL-17 were increased in asthma compared to healthy subjects (P&lt;0.01). In the asthmatic lung, relationships between bronchial IL-33 (P&lt;0.05), IL-13 (p&lt;0.05), IL-5 (p=0.059) and chest symptom scores were observed. Bronchial levels of these cytokines correlated with nasal levels during infection (p&lt;0.05) whilst baseline nasal levels of Th2 cytokines correlated strongly with infection levels (p&lt;0.001). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Sampling MLF permits the direct measurement of previously undetectable mediators across multiple inflammatory pathways. Increased IL-33 and Th2 induction are associated with increased AE severity. IL-33 correlated strongly with Th2 cytokine levels and may represent a novel target for the treatment of virus-induced AE’s. In addition, nasal Th2 inflammation correlated with bronchial levels whilst baseline levels predicted the magnitude of Th2 induction during the AE. Therefore it may be possible to use nasosorption to guide therapy with anti-IL-5 and anti-IL-13 mAb treatments.
Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Left Ventricular Mass and Diastolic Function
Authors: MITRA NIROUMAND, RAFFAEL KUPERSTEIN, ZION SASSON, PATRICK J. HANLY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

We wished to determine if obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased left ventricular mass (LVM) and impaired left ventricular diastolic function (LVDF) independently of coexisting obesity, hypertension (HTN), and diabetes mellitus (DM). Patients without primary cardiac disease, referred for evaluation of OSA (n = 533), had overnight polysomnography and Doppler echocardiography while awake. Patients were divided, according to the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), into an OSA group (AHI > or = 5/h, n = 353) and a non-OSA group (AHI < 5/h, n = 180). In men, LVM was greater in the OSA group (98.9 +/- 25.6 versus 92.3 +/- 22.5 g/m, p = 0.023) despite exclusion of those with HTN and DM. A similar trend was noted in women. Regression analysis revealed that LVM was correlated with body mass index (BMI) (beta = 0.480, p < 0.0005), age (beta = 0.16, p = 0.001), and the presence of HTN (beta = 0.137, p = 0.003) in men and with BMI (beta = 0.501, p < 0.0005) in women, but not with AHI or oxygen saturation during sleep. The ratio of peak early filling velocity to peak late filling velocity (E/A), an index of LVDF, was similar in both groups (1.28 +/- 0.32 versus 1.34 +/- 0.31, p = 0.058); it was correlated with age (beta = -0.474, p < 0.0005), but not with AHI or oxygen saturation during sleep. We conclude that OSA is not associated with increased LVM or impaired LVDF independently of obesity, HTN, or advancing age.
Nitroprusside or Nitroglycerin
Authors: J. DOUGLAS WHITE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1981Nitroprusside or NitroglycerinJ. DOUGLAS WHITE, M.D.J. DOUGLAS WHITE, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-94-4-540_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Dr. Tillisch (1) proposes nitroprusside as the agent of choice for impedance reduction in the setting of septic shock with depressed cardiac output and substantially elevated systemic vascular resistance. This is a curious selection in the context of his cogent discussion of myocardial compromise, particularly from reduced subendocardial flow, as an important contribution to any shock syndrome. Despite its relatively long duration of action, nitroglycerin has been demonstrated by Chiariello and associates (2) to promote flow to areas of subendocardial ischemia better than nitroprusside in the setting of an acute myocardial infarction. Nitroglycerin is the drug of...References1. TILLISCH J. The heart in shock, pp. 731-3. In SHINE KI, moderator. Aspects of the management of shock. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:723-34. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. CHIARIELLOGOLDLEINBACHDAVISMAROKO MHRMP. Comparison between the effects of nitroprusside and nitroglycerin on ischemic injury during acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1976;54:766-73. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. BROWNROSSBOLSONFRIMERDODGE BCEMH. Quantitative effects of nitroglycerin (TNG) in diseased human coronary arteries. Circulation. 1977;56:III-866. Abstract. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Harvard Medical School Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA 02114 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDictionary of Inorganic Compounds 1 April 1981Volume 94, Issue 4_Part_1Page: 540-541KeywordsAcute myocardial infarctionCardiac outputDrugsIschemiaShockSystemic vascular resistance Issue Published: 1 April 1981 PDF downloadLoading ...
Low molecular weight heparin; a novel alternative therapeutic approach for lichen planus
Authors: M.P. Stefanidou, D.J. Ioannidou, J.G. Panayiotides, A.D. Tosca
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Heparin analogues in low doses have antiproliferative and immunomodulatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-dose enoxaparin administered subcutaneously in lichen planus (LP). Eighteen patients with various types of LP were treated in an open study for 6–13 weeks. Efficacy and safety data were recorded. Complete remission was observed in 11 of 18 patients (61%) and marked improvement in two (11%). Widespread cutaneous involvement and reticulated oral LP had the best response, while in LP of the scalp the response was poor. Enoxaparin is a promising alternative therapy for various types of LP.
Health Policy and the American Taxpayer Relief Act
Authors: Robert P. Kocher, Eli Y. Adashi
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nonfasting Plasma Total Homocysteine Level and Mortality in Middle-Aged and Elderly Men and Women in Jerusalem
Authors: Jeremy D. Kark, Jacob Selhub, Bella Adler, Jaime Gofin, Joseph H. Abramson, Gideon Friedman, Irwin H. Rosenberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Background: Elevated plasma total homocysteine level has been associated with cardiovascular disease in many studies, mostly in Europe and North America. Data on persons from other areas and on associations with overall mortality are sparse. Objective: To determine the relation of plasma homocysteine level to all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Design: Prospective observational study with 9- to 11-year follow-up. Setting: A free-living, multiethnic Jewish population in western Jerusalem, Israel. Participants: 1788 residents of Jerusalem (808 men and 980 women) who were at least 50 years of age and were examined between 1985 and 1987 as part of the Kiryat Yovel Community Health Study. Measurements: Nonfasting plasma homocysteine level was determined in frozen stored samples. Deaths during follow-up were identified by linkage with the national population registry. Results: Plasma homocysteine levels exceeded 14 µmol/L in 28% of men and 20% of women. During the study period, 405 deaths occurred. In multivariate Cox models that controlled for possible confounders, a nonmonotonic increase in mortality hazard ratios was associated with ascending quintile of homocysteine level: 1.0, 1.4, 1.3, 1.5, and 2.0 (P < 0.001 for trend). The relation was similar for cardiovascular and noncardiovascular causes of death (excluding cancer). The association was weaker when deaths that occurred during the first 5 years of follow-up were excluded; corresponding hazard ratios for ascending quintile of homocysteine level were 1.0, 1.0, 1.2, 1.1, and 1.6 (P = 0.063 for trend). Age- and sex-adjusted percentages of deaths "attributable" to elevated plasma homocysteine level (≥ 14 µmol/L) were 12.5% (95% CI, 6.7% to 18.8%) for all deaths, 16.0% (CI, 7.2% to 25.6%) for deaths during the first 5 years of follow-up, and 8.3% (CI, 1.5% to 16.1%) for later deaths. Conclusions: A mildly to moderately elevated nonfasting plasma homocysteine level is a substantial risk marker for death from all causes. The association seems to be stronger during the first 5 years of follow-up.
Neurological Manifestations of Nasopharyngeal Malignant Tumors
Authors: Juergen E. Thomas
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Of 381 patients with nasopharyngeal malignant tumors, 113 were found to have neurological complications. In 84% of patients the nasopharyngeal mass presented with general symptoms such as head-face pain, otologic manifestations, glandular neck swelling, and nasal or pharyngeal discomfort. Sixteen percent presented with neurological symptoms. The time from the onset of general symptoms of the disease to the appearance of neurological complications ranged from one month to seven years and in the majority was less than three years. In two thirds of the patients the neurological picture began with either diplopia or sensory disturbance in the face. Neurological examination revealed cranial nerve damage in almost all cases. The abducens nerve was involved in 68% of patients, the trigeminal in 47%, and the glossopharyngeal-vagus in 38%. Many combinations of cranial nerve lesions were found; those including the fifth and sixth nerves were the most common. Follow-up studies revealed that of the 113 patients, 9 were alive, 85 were dead, and 19 were lost to follow-up. Survival time ranged from a few months to 13 years. The absolute five-year survival rate was 24%.
THE INFLUENCE OF URIC ACID ON THE PERMEABILITY OF MEMBRANES
Authors: Virgilio Chini
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

1. Congo red injected in vivo together with uric acid gives rise to more intense and diffuse red coloring in rats, especially in the subcutaneous and peri-articular tissues, than is the case in control rats injected simply with dye. 2. Uric add added in vitro to solutions of Congo red or trypan blue increases the speed of diffusion of these dyes, both through gelatin and the animal membranes (dialyzers). These results support a view long maintained by Professor Rondoni (25), namely, that some factor of an endothelial-capillary nature must be taken into consideration in manifestations of hyperuricemia and of gout.