tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Bile Duct Obstruction on the Clearance of Circulating IgA Immune Complexes
Authors: Paul R. Harmatz, Ronald E. Kleinman, Bruce W. Bunnell, Daniel T. Mcclenathan, Allan W. Walker, Kurt J. Bloch
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

The clearance of circulating IgA immune complexes following acute bile duct obstruction was investigated in this study. IgA immune complexes were formed in vitro from MOPC-315, an IgA M-component with anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) specificity, and 125 I-DNP 10 bovine serum albumin (BSA). Eighteen hours after laparotomy during which the common bile duct was either identified only or identified and ligated, the IgA immune complexes were injected intravenously. Groups of bile duct-ligated and bile duct-patent rats were also injected intravenously with IgG anti-DNP- 125 I-DNP 10 BSA immune complexes and 125 I-bovine liver β-glucuronidase to assess the hepatic clearance of materials not dependent on an intact biliary system. Clearance of IgA immune complexes was delayed after bile duct ligation. Although the clearance of IgA immune complexes was delayed, only 10% of these complexes remained in the circulation at 3 hr. The clearance of IgG immune complexes and β-glucuronidase was not affected by ligation. These experiments demonstrate the physiologic importance of a patent bile duct in the normal clearance of IgA immune complexes in the rat. The observation that clearance is delayed, but not completely inhibited by bile duct ligation suggests that alternate mechanisms exist for removing IgA immune complexes from the circulation.
AHR in asthma
Authors: R A Primhak, C V E Powell
Journal: Thorax (2002)

Tattersfield et al 1 and Walsh et al 2 offer important information about the possible adverse affects of corticosteroids on bone mineral density (BMD).Tattersfield and her colleagues reported no change in BMD with inhaled corticosteroids for mild asthma, while Walsh et al found a dose related increase in the incidence of fractures in those taking oral corticosteroids.We would like to report our study of BMD in patients with airways disease, which reinforces these findings and highlights men as being particularly at risk.We prospectively studied 100 consecutive outpatients (44 men) with steroid responsive airways disease.The formulation and cumulative dose of corticosteroid was recorded in each individual, together with all prescribed prophylaxis for osteoporosis.Bone mineral density was measured in the non-dominant forearm.We found no relationship between inhaled corticosteroid dose and BMD.Mean BMD was significantly reduced in those on oral as opposed to inhaled steroids.In men the mean Z scores for those on inhaled and oral corticosteroids were 0.1 and -0.6, respectively (p=0.07), while women had mean Z scores of 0.5 and -0.3 for inhaled and oral corticosteroids, respectively (p=0.016).Our patient numbers were insufficient to confirm a dose response.The surprising result was that men were more likely to meet the WHO criteria for osteoporosis than women (25% v 12.5%).This result is explained at least in part by the use of prophylaxis which was prescribed to 21 women but to only two men.Of those on regular oral steroids, only 5.5% of men received prophylaxis compared with 62.5% of women.Similar results have been reported in other chronic diseases, with a greater reduction in BMD being reported in men with cystic fibrosis. 3 Unfortunately it appears to have been assumed that men are protected from osteoporosis by virtue of their gender.When chronic disease is treated with oral corticosteroids, both men and women are equally at risk of osteoporosis and all should be considered for prophylaxis.
Understanding Influenza Backward
Authors: David M. Morens
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Early intervention in acute myocardial infarction: Significance for myocardial salvage of immediate intravenous streptokinase therapy followed by coronary angioplasty
Authors: Hylton I. Miller, Yaron Almagor, Gad Keren, Joseph Chernilas, Arie Roth, Yemima Eschar, Itzhak Shapira, Boris Shargorodsky, Dora Berenfeld, Shlomo Laniado
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1987)
Measurement of Valvular Regurgitation by Continuous Indicator Dilution.
Authors: Martin J. Frank
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964Measurement of Valvular Regurgitation by Continuous Indicator Dilution.Martin J. Frank, M.D., Pablo Casanegra, M.D., Manoucher Nadimi, M.D., Angelo J. Migliori, M.D., Gilbert E. Levinson, M.D.Martin J. Frank, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Pablo Casanegra, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Manoucher Nadimi, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Angelo J. Migliori, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Gilbert E. Levinson, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-711_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptStudies of alterations in cardiac function produced by valvular regurgation require accurate quantification of regurgitant flow. Theoretically, valid measurements may be obtained by injecting an indicator distal to the incompetent valve and recording dilution curves simultaneously from the proximal cardiac chamber and a peripheral artery. However, measurements obtained with conventional sudden injections are often poorly reproducible or manifestly incorrect. The probability that mixing limitations at the injection site contribute to these unsatisfactory results suggested that a technique of continuous indicator infusion be substituted for sudden single injection. Studies were performed in 9 dogs and in 31 patients. In 56 determinations... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4Page: 711-712KeywordsArteries Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
Reservations about conservative surgery for early breast cancer are unjustified
Authors: J M. Dixon, S Kohlhardt
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—E A Benson suggests that tumours over 2 cm in size should not be treated by breast conservation surgery because they seem to be associated with an increased risk of local recurrence.1 To support this Benson reports data from Nottingham.2

In a comprehensive review of factors affecting local recurrence after breast conservation (wide excision and quadrantectomy and postoperative radiotherapy) we have identified 28 publications …
Occult Candida Thyroid Abscess Diagnosed by Gallium-67 Scanning
Authors: MICHAEL C. BACH, STEPHEN BLATTNER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

A clinically silent fungal thyroid abscess was identified by Ga-67 citrate scanning and successfully drained surgically in a young leukemic patient. Whole-body radionuclide scanning remains a valuable method to help diagnose persistent fever in the immunocompromised host.
LIVE ATTENUATED VARICELLA VACCINE
Authors: A A Gershon
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1987)

CD40 is a cell-surface member of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor superfamily. Upon activation, CD40 can license dendritic cells to promote antitumor T cell activation and re-educate macrophages to destroy tumor stroma. Numerous agonist CD40 ...Read More
The hippocampus seen in the context of declarative and procedural control
Authors: Frederick Toates
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

Abstract Various apparently incompatible theories of hippocampal function have been proposed but integration is now needed. It is argued that the involvement of the hippocampus is most clearly seen when the animal needs to extrapolate beyond current sensory information. Such control can involve both the initiation of behaviour in the absence of appropriate sensory input and the inhibition of behaviour that might otherwise be triggered by current sensory input.
Engraftment, Differentiation, and Functional Benefits of Autologous Cardiosphere-Derived Cells in Porcine Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Peter V. Johnston, Tetsuo Sasano, Kevin Mills, Robert Evers, Shuo-Tsan Lee, Rachel Ruckdeschel Smith, Albert C. Lardo, Shenghan Lai, Charles Steenbergen, Gary Gerstenblith, Richard Lange, Eduardo Marbán
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) isolated from human endomyocardial biopsies reduce infarct size and improve cardiac function in mice. Safety and efficacy testing in large animals is necessary for clinical translation. Methods and Results— Mesenchymal stem cells, which resemble CDCs in size and thrombogenicity, have been associated with infarction after intracoronary infusion. To maximize CDC engraftment while avoiding infarction, we optimized the infusion protocol in 19 healthy pigs. A modified cocktail of CDCs in calcium-free PBS, 100 U/mL of heparin, and 250 μg/mL of nitroglycerin eliminated infusion-related infarction. Subsequent infusion experiments in 17 pigs with postinfarct left ventricular dysfunction showed CDC doses ≥10 7 but &lt;2.5×10 7 result in new myocardial tissue formation without infarction. In a pivotal randomized study, 7 infarcted pigs received 300 000 CDCs/kg (≈10 7 total) and 7 received placebo (vehicle alone). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging 8 weeks later showed CDC treatment decreased relative infarct size (19.2% to 14.2% of left ventricle infarcted, P =0.01), whereas placebo did not (17.7% to 15.3%, P =0.22). End-diastolic volume increased in placebo, but not in CDC-treated animals. Hemodynamically, the rate of pressure change (dP/dt) maximum and dP/dt minimum were significantly better with CDC infusion. There was no difference between groups in the ability to induce ventricular tachycardia, nor was there any tumor or ectopic tissue formation. Conclusions— Intracoronary delivery of CDCs in a preclinical model of postinfarct left ventricular dysfunction results in formation of new cardiac tissue, reduces relative infarct size, attenuates adverse remodeling, and improves hemodynamics. The evidence of efficacy without obvious safety concerns at 8 weeks of follow-up motivates human studies in patients after myocardial infarction and in chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy.
Consent or Obedience? Power and Authority in Medicine
Authors: Eric J. Cassell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

A recent biography of the social psychologist Stanley Milgram (The Man Who Shocked the World, by Thomas Blass) details the "obedience experiments" that made Milgram famous. These studies demonstrated that ordinary people could be induced by an authority to deliver to a victim what they believed were increasingly harmful electric shocks. Milgram's contribution was not in showing that human beings obey authority, but in demonstrating how powerful and potentially dangerous that predisposition is. It doesn't take evil or deranged people to do awful things to others; normal people will act that way if commanded by a legitimate authority. Sadly, . . .
Statin Therapy Is Associated With Lower Total but Not Bioavailable or Free Testosterone in Men With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Roger D. Stanworth, Dheeraj Kapoor, Kevin S. Channer, T. Hugh Jones
Journal: Diabetes Care (2008)

OBJECTIVE There is a high prevalence of hypogonadism in men with type 2 diabetes. This will lead to an increase in assessments of hypogonadism. Statins could potentially decrease testosterone levels by reducing the availability of cholesterol for androgen synthesis. We compared testosterone levels and hypogonadal symptoms with statin use in a cross-sectional study of 355 men with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Total testosterone, sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG), and estradiol were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bioavailable testosterone was measured by the modified ammonium sulfate precipitation method. Free testosterone was calculated using Vermeulen's formula. Symptoms of hypogonadism were assessed using the Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male questionnaire. RESULTS Statins were associated with lower total testosterone (11.9 vs. 13.4 nmol/l, P = 0.006) and a trend toward lower SHBG (29.4 vs. 35.3 nmol/l, P = 0.034) compared with no treatment. Bioavailable testosterone, free testosterone, estradiol, and hypogonadal symptoms were not affected. Subanalysis showed that atorvastatin was associated with reduced total testosterone (11.4 vs. 13.4 nmol/l, P = 0.006) and a trend toward reduced SHBG (27.6 vs. 35.3 nmol/l, P = 0.022) compared with no treatment, and there was an apparent dose-response effect with the lowest levels of total testosterone seen in men treated with ≥20 mg atorvastatin (9.6 nmol/l, P = 0.017). Simvastatin use was not associated with significant reductions in testosterone or SHBG levels. CONCLUSIONS Assessing androgen status using total testosterone in men with type 2 diabetes treated with statins, particularly atorvastatin, may potentially lead to diagnostic error. Levels of bioavailable testosterone or free testosterone are recommended for the assessment of hypogonadism in this group if total testosterone levels are borderline.
Cyclodextrins as catalysts for the removal of cholesterol from macrophage foam cells.
Authors: V M Atger, M de la Llera Moya, G W Stoudt, W V Rodrigueza, M C Phillips, G H Rothblat
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Low concentrations of cyclodextrins (< 1.0 mM) added to serum act catalytically, accelerating the exchange of cholesterol between cells and lipoproteins. J774 macrophages incubated with serum and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (< or = 1 mM) released fivefold more labeled cholesterol than with serum alone. Increased efflux was not accompanied by a change in cell cholesterol mass; thus, cyclodextrin functioned as a cholesterol shuttle, enhancing cholesterol bidirectional flux without changing the equilibrium cholesterol distribution between cells and medium. The addition of phospholipid vesicles to serum and cyclodextrin shifted the equilibrium distribution to favor the medium, producing rapid and extensive depletion of cell cholesterol mass. The combination of serum, phospholipid vesicles, and cyclodextrin also stimulated the rapid clearance of both free and esterified cholesterol from mouse peritoneal macrophages loaded with free and esterified cholesterol. This study: (a) demonstrates that a compound can function as a catalyst to enhance the movement of cholesterol between cells and serum, (b) illustrates the difference between cholesterol exchange and net transport in a cell/serum system, (c) demonstrates how net movement of cholesterol is linked to concentration gradients established by phospholipids, (d) provides a basis for the development of the shuttle/sink model for the first steps in reverse cholesterol transport, (e) validates the model using artificial shuttles (cyclodextrins) and sinks (large unilamellar vesicles), and (f) suggests that cyclodextrin-like cholesterol shuttles might be of pharmacological significance in treating unstable atherosclerotic plaques.
Our Inner Mouse: Genomic Insights from Mouse Mammary Cancer Models To Guide Pre-clinical Testing
Authors: J. Green
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Accelerating the pre-clinical testing of novel therapies or combination therapies is an important goal of translational research. This is particularly true for identifying potentially new therapeutic approaches for triple-negative (TN) breast cancer (lacking expression of ER, PR and her2) for which no specifically targeted therapies currently exist. This sub-type of breast cancer, which generally falls into a basal category, has a poorer prognosis than breast cancers expressing ER/PR with a luminal phenotype. Most basal TN breast tumors have lost normal function of the tumor suppressor genes p53 and Rb. Using genetically-engineered mouse tumor models where p53 and Rb have been functionally inactivated through over-expression of SV40 T/t-antigens, we have identified a core gene expression (Tag) signature of about 150 genes involved in cell proliferation, cell replication, DNA repair, and apoptosis that is very relevant to human epithelial cancer. This signature, which is highly represented in the basal TN, C3(1)/SV40 T/t-antigen (Tag) mouse model of breast cancer, segregates human breast cancers with the basal TN phenotype and poor prognosis from luminal type tumors with a better prognosis. Based upon this cross-species analysis, we are determining whether genes within the Tag signature are potential therapeutic targets for basal TN breast cancer using human basal breast cancer cell lines and cell lines derived from the C3(1)/Tag tumors. This is initially being assessed using siRNA, drugs that inhibit specific targets within the signature, drugs in clinical use and combinations of these to find potentially novel therapeutic approaches for basal TN tumors. Additionally, in vivo studies are being performed using both human xenograft and Tag tumor transplant models for preclinical testing of selected therapies. Unlike studies using human xenografts in immunocompromised mice, experiments using Tag tumor transplants can be performed in mice with an intact immune system, adding an important dimension to these pre-clinical studies. Our approach demonstrates the values of cross-species genomic analyses to identify an appropriate model of basal TN breast cancer for pre-clinical testing, potential therapeutic targets, and an accelerated means of performing pre-clinical studies. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr BS1-1.
Early intervention in childhood asthma
Authors: M Silverman, S Pedersen, F Martinez
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1998)

The supplement which accompanies this edition of the Journal explores the methodological issues which face all those who are interested in the subject of early intervention in childhood asthma (and other wheezing disorders) [1]. This has become a topical issue as evidence has increased that a number of factors which can affect the development of the foetus and young child may determine respiratory health for the rest of an individual's lifetime. Interventions early in childhood or early in the course of the disease itself can have a number of objectives. It may be important to distinguish these in considering the development of intervention programmes. Their pragmatic value is of course in their potential to reduce morbidity both for individuals and, of course, for populations. However, the theoretical basis for many interventions is weak. Another purpose is therefore to improve our understanding of important disease processes in asthma by examining the outcome of controlled interventions in groups of subjects. Clinical research always contains an element of conflict between these two approaches, since it is natural for those involved in patient-care to wish to find the solution to the health-needs of their patients as quickly as possible, even if this sometimes means bypassing the more laborious aspects of scientific research into the mechanisms of disease. However, by means of carefully designed studies, both decreased morbidity and improved scientific knowledge can be achieved. While the distinction between primary and secondary
Activation of T lymphocytes by immobilized monoclonal antibodies to CD3. Regulatory influences of monoclonal antibodies to additional T cell surface determinants.
Authors: T D Geppert, P E Lipsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The effect of soluble or immobilized MAb directed at various additional surface proteins on the proliferation of highly purified T4 cells induced by two immobilized MAb to CD3, OKT3 and 64.1, was examined. High density 64.1 stimulated nearly all T4 cells to enter and progress through the cell cycle. Maximal T4 cell proliferation required stimulation with immobilized 64.1 throughout the length of the incubation and was not effected by any of the additional soluble or immobilized MAb employed. In contrast, low density immobilized 64.1 and all densities of immobilized OKT3 employed stimulated a minority of the cells to enter the cell cycle and proliferate. Immobilized MAb directed at CD2, class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) encoded gene products or CD11a (LFA-1) dramatically enhanced the response, whereas soluble MAb directed at these determinants did not. Both immobilized and soluble MAb directed at CD5 and CD28 (Tp44) enhanced responses, but they were less effective than immobilized MAb to CD2, LFA-1 or HLA-A,B,C. Soluble anti-CD4 MAb inhibited responses somewhat, whereas immobilized anti-CD4 enhanced responses. Costimulation was observed when MAb to CD3 and class I MHC molecules but not CD2, LFA-1 or CD4 were immobilized to separate surfaces. The data suggest that when anti-CD3 stimulation is suboptimal, responses can be enhanced by MAb to CD5 or CD28 (Tp44) or by immobilized MAb to CD4, CD2, CD11a (LFA-1), or class I MHC encoded gene products. Although crosslinking of CD4, CD2, or CD11a with CD3 may be necessary for costimulation, immobilized MAb to CD3 and class I MHC molecules appear to deliver independent signals that result in enhanced T4 cell activation and proliferation.
A DIVERTICULUM OF THE DUODENUM
Authors: D. Cromie
Journal: BMJ (1933)

a Davis-Boyle gag.The patient was a little cyanosed throughout the operation, which was done in the usual manner by dissection and snaring of the pedicle.Haemor- rhage was small in amount, and it was Inot necessary to tie any vessel.A few days after operatioin the patient developed a cough and a little fever, and later a patch of dullness and crepitations was found at the base of the right lung.The symptoms increased steadily, and by the end of June she had well-marked cliinical and radiological signs of lung abscess.She was now very ill, having a severe cough, with foul sputum, and a swinging temperature.A skiagram taken at this time is shown on the Special Plate.Operation was performed on July 5th, 1933.The anaesthetic used was 1/2 per cent.novocain, and a little pure chloroform was administered as the ribs were being cut through.An oblique incision was made, with the centre at the posterior axillary line in the eighth interspace; three inches of the eighth and ninith ribs were resected and the intercostal structures and periosteum removed.The parietal pleura was thickened anid oedematous, and adherent to the lung over the whole area exposed.The outer wall of the abscess cavity was removed, and about an ounce of foul, stinking pus evacuated.Bands crossinig the cavity were not disturbed, and there was very little bleeding.A soft cigar- ette drain was inserted, and the parietal wound lightly packed with gauze.A transfusion of 500 c.cm. citrated blood was then given.Improvement was immediate cough, sputum, and fever diminished, and drainage, which was at first free, steadily lessened.Spirochaetes of the Vincent's angina type