tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunologic Protection Against the Legionnaires' Disease Bacterium in the AKR/J Mouse
Authors: KENNETH W. HEDLUND
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Female AKR/J mice were challenged with the Washington strain of Legionnaires' disease (LD) bacteria. Nonimmunized mice inoculate intraperitoneally with 2 x 10(8) colony forming units became ill within 4 h and died within 24 h. Progressive histopathologic changes initiated as early as 2 h after inoculation involved the lymphoid organs, the crypts of the small intestine, and the liver. Necrosis with minimal inflammatory cell reaction was the primary lesion. Immunization with a soluble LD bacterial antigen failed to prevent illness but protected against death and development of abnormal histologic changes.
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and travellers' diarrhoea.
Authors: S Panikker, A Davies
Journal: BMJ (1979)

four patients with liver cirrhosis, in which a renal impairment is often present.After administration of osmotic agents (mannitol, dextran)7 or radiological contrast media3 the increase of urinary enzyme and protein excretion is more evident in patients with chronic renal diseases than in subjects with normal renal function.We conclude that the urinary excretion of x-glucosidase and probably of other renal glucosidases is not influenced in normal subjects by the induction of a diuresis and may be considered a reliable and sensitive index of tubular damage after drug administration.In patients with underlying liver or renal diseases, however, the possible administration of diuretic agents must be taken into account before draw- ing any conclusion.One must be cautious in normal subjects too when determining enzyme or protein indexes of tubular proteinuria such as lysozyme and P2-microglobulin.Conversely, the determination of tubular enzyme excretion after induction of a diuresis (chiefly after an osmotic load) might be used as a sensitive test of underlying renal diseases, as suggested also by Burchardt et al.
Multiple Scintigraphic Findings in a Patient with a Primary Myocardial Sarcoma
Authors: LEO P. BIDULA, ALAN H. MAURER, BARRY S. DENENBERG, N DAVID CHARKES, JAMES F. SPANN, LEON S. MALMUD
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Primary myocardial sarcomas are rare. We report the scintigraphic findings observed with Tl-201, Ga-67, Tc-99m pyrophosphate, and Tc-99m pertechnetate labeled red cell gated cardiac imaging in a patient with this tumor. We found that thallium and gated blood pool imaging can be used both in the diagnosis of these tumors and the assessment of the effects of chemotherapy on the tumor and normal myocardium. The thallium study was particularly helpful in identifying the malignant nature of the tumor by showing extensive infiltration into surrounding areas.
Richard William Cordiner Murray
Authors: M. STEWART
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former consultant orthopaedic surgeon Inverness (b Birmingham 1907; q Cambridge/Birmingham 1931; BA, FRCS, FRCS Ed), d 20 August 2003.

Dick was resident surgical officer at the Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital near Oswestry. In 1940 he took charge of the Emergency Medical Services Hospital at Killearn near Glasgow. Three years later he became the first consultant orthopaedic surgeon in the north of Scotland at Raigmore Hospital near Inverness. He travelled the Highlands and Islands establishing clinics and offering corrective surgery to the many local people with disabling limb and spinal conditions. In retirement he furthered his interest in oil painting and exhibited widely in the north of Scotland. Predeceased by his wife, Olwen, he leaves a daughter and four grandchildren.
The Influence of Margin Width on Local Control of Ductal Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast
Authors: Melvin J. Silverstein, Michael D. Lagios, Susan Groshen, James R. Waisman, Bernard S. Lewinsky, Silvana Martino, Parvis Gamagami, William J. Colburn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Ductal carcinoma in situ is a noninvasive carcinoma that is unlikely to recur if completely excised. Margin width, the distance between the boundary of the lesion and the edge of the excised specimen, may be an important determinant of local recurrence.
5 A community-based randomized trial on hepatocellular carcinoma screening using abdominal ultrasonography and alpha-fetoprotein in Taiwan
Authors: C.F. Jan, S.L. You, C.A. Sun, T.I. Chen, H.I. Yang, S.N. Lu, S.C. Chen, H.H. Chen, C.J. Chen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Reducing neonatal mortality in resource poor settings
Authors: K. E. Dickson, M. Chopra
Journal: BMJ (2012)

What works is now clearer but implementation is a challenge 

Since the announcement in 2000 of the millennium development goals (MDGs), progress towards achieving these goals has resulted in considerable reductions in deaths from communicable diseases such as HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria (MDG 6); maternal mortality (MDG 5); and child deaths (MDG 4). Child deaths for instance have declined from more than 12 million in 1990 to 7.6 million in 2010.1 However, progress in reducing neonatal deaths—deaths within the first month of life—has lagged behind. Neonatal deaths now account for a greater proportion of global child deaths than ever before—nearly 41% of all deaths in children under 5 years occur during the neonatal period.2

In this context, the results of the linked trial by Bhandari and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.e1634) are of particular interest and importance.3 It is the first study to evaluate India’s large and complex Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) programme, which is an approach to neonatal and child care that is being implemented across the country. Bhandari and colleagues evaluated the Indian IMNCI programme and …
Platelet antibody: Review of detection methods
Authors: Kenneth A. Schwartz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

The driving force behind development of in vitro methods for platelet antibodies is identification of plasma factors causing platelet destruction. Early methods relied on measurement of platelet activation. Current methods are more specific and use a purified antibody against immunoglobulin or complement, which is usually labeled with 125I or tagged with an enzyme or fluorescein. Comparisons of quantitation of platelet-associated IgG show wide variability between different methods. The disparate results can be related both to differences in binding of secondary antibodies to immunoglobulin in solution compared to immunoglobulins attached to platelets and to the improper assumption that the binding ratio between the secondary detecting and primary antiplatelet antibody is one. Most assays can 1) identify neonatal isoimmune thrombocytopenia and posttransfusion purpura, 2) help to differentiate between immune and nonimmune thrombocytopenias, 3) help to sort out the offending drug when drug-induced thrombocytopenia is suspected, and 4) identify platelet alloantibodies and potential platelet donors via a cross match assay for refractory patients. However, the advantages of quantitative assays over qualitative methods with respect to predictions of patients clinical course and response to different treatments remain to be investigated.
Hepatic Insulin Resistance Is Sufficient to Produce Dyslipidemia and Susceptibility to Atherosclerosis
Authors: Sudha B. Biddinger, Antonio Hernandez-Ono, Christian Rask-Madsen, Joel T. Haas, José O. Alemán, Ryo Suzuki, Erez F. Scapa, Chhavi Agarwal, Martin C. Carey, Gregory Stephanopoulos, David E. Cohen, George L. King, Henry N. Ginsberg, C. Ronald Kahn
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2008)
Why not emotions as motivated behaviors?
Authors: George Ainslie, John Monterosso
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Lewis's dynamic systems approach is a refreshing change from the reflexology of most neuroscience, but it could go a step further: It could include the expected rewardingness of an emotion in the recursive feedback loop that determines whether the emotion will occur. Two possible objections to such a model are discussed: that emotions are not deliberate, and that negative emotions should lose out as instrumental choices.
Death certificate completion by physicians
Authors: R. Hanzlick
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —Drs Messite and Stellman 1 conclude that training in death certificate completion should be part of physician training but usually is not. Similar to their pilot study results, a recent survey of 198 physician medical examiners showed that only 13% received death certificate training in medical school and only 29% received such training during residency (National Association of Medical Examiners interim meeting, Nashville, Tenn, February 1996). However, training should probably include the targeting of selected groups of physicians because many physicians sign few or no death certificates. 2 The following suggestions include acrossthe-board and targeted educational measures.  1. The Association of American Medical Colleges could recommend that all medical schools provide students with (or require students to obtain) readily available instruction manuals on death certification. 3,4   2. The United States Medical Licensure Examination and other medical school examinations could routinely include questions on death certification.  3. The Accreditation Council on Graduate
105 THE MICRORNA MIR-122 IS SUPPRESSED IN NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS: IMPLICATIONS FOR PATHOGENESIS
Authors: O. Cheung, P. Puri, C. Eicken, M.J. Contos, F. Mirshahi, J. Maher, J. Kellum, V.A. Luketic, A.J. Sanyal
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Thomas Cole, MD, Is 15th JAMA Fishbein Fellow
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1995)

PEDIATRICIAN Thomas B. Cole, MD, MPH, begins his responsibilities today as<i>JAMA</i>'s 15th Morris Fishbein Fellow in Medical Journalism. He is the second physician with the last name of Cole to hold the fellowship. Helene M. Cole, MD (no relation), who completed her fellowship 10 years ago, now lives in Des Moines, Iowa, and is a<i>JAMA</i>contributing editor. The fellowship, which was instituted in 1977, honors Morris Fishbein, MD, who died 19 years ago at the age of 87 (<i>JAMA</i>. 1976;236:1820-1822). He served as<i>JAMA</i>'s chief editor from 1924 to 1949, longer than any physician who has held the editorship to date. The Fishbein Fellow's duties include work in most of<i>JAMA</i>'s departments. The fellow also is responsible for<i>JAMA</i>'s annual Contempo issue. The 15th fellow moves to<i>JAMA</i>'s Chicago, Ill, headquarters from Durham, NC, from which he has been commuting Bonnie I. Chi-Lum,
959. Tumor Therapy Via Vector-Regulated Expression of Mutant Sodium Channel
Authors: Bakhos A. Tannous, Katherine F. Perry, Miguel Sena-Esteves, Jaime Garcias-Anoveros, Andreas Jacobs, David P. Corey, Ralph Weissleder, Xandra O. Breakefield
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Viral vectors provide a means to deliver therapeutic genes to tumors on site. In this study, we describe a novel tumor therapy employing a dominant-negative mutant form of a mammalian brain sodium channel, BNac1. This channel was delivered to tumor cells using an HSV amplicon vector in which gene expression is controlled by a tetracycline regulatory system (tet-on) with silencer elements. Channel activity, regulated transgene expression, cell death and the bystander effect were evaluated in glioma cells in culture. Upon infection and drug induction, the constitutively open channel is expressed leading to sodium and water influx into cells with swelling and death (Fig. 1). Gap junctions were demonstrated between tumor cells and mediated a bystander effect by ion influx whereby non-infected tumor cells adjacent to infected tumor cells were also killed. Growth and therapeutic response in culture and in vivo were monitored, in real-time, in experimental tumors expressing a recently characterized Gaussia luciferase that is far more sensitive than other luciferases currently in use.
β-Catenin is essential for ethanol metabolism and protection against alcohol-mediated liver steatosis in mice
Authors: Shiguang Liu, Tzu-Hsuan Yeh, Vijay P. Singh, Sruti Shiva, Lindsay Krauland, Huanan Li, Pili Zhang, Kusum Kharbanda, Vladimir Ritov, Satdarshan P.S. Monga, Donald K. Scott, Patricia K. Eagon, Jaideep Behari
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

The liver plays a central role in ethanol metabolism, and oxidative stress is implicated in alcohol-mediated liver injury. β-Catenin regulates hepatic metabolic zonation and adaptive response to oxidative stress. We hypothesized that β-catenin regulates the hepatic response to ethanol ingestion. Female liver-specific β-catenin knockout (KO) mice and wild-type (WT) littermates were fed the Lieber-Decarli liquid diet (5% ethanol) in a pairwise fashion. Liver histology, biochemistry, and gene-expression studies were performed. Plasma alcohol and ammonia levels were measured using standard assays. Ethanol-fed (EtOH) KO mice exhibited systemic toxicity and early mortality. KO mice exhibited severe macrovesicular steatosis and 5 to 6-fold higher serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels. KO mice had a modest increase in hepatic oxidative stress, lower expression of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2), and lower citrate synthase activity, the first step in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. N -Acetylcysteine did not prevent ethanol-induced mortality in KO mice. In WT livers, β-catenin was found to coprecipitate with forkhead box O3, the upstream regulator of SOD2. Hepatic alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase activities and expression were lower in KO mice. Hepatic cytochrome P450 2E1 protein levels were up-regulated in EtOH WT mice, but were nearly undetectable in KO mice. These changes in ethanol-metabolizing enzymes were associated with 30-fold higher blood alcohol levels in KO mice. Conclusion : β-Catenin is essential for hepatic ethanol metabolism and plays a protective role in alcohol-mediated liver steatosis. Our results strongly suggest that integration of these functions by β-catenin is critical for adaptation to ethanol ingestion in vivo .
A modern day Iona.
Authors: J Spencer
Journal: BMJ (1990)

surgical colleague, Martyn suddenly collapsed on the court.All efforts to revive himn by three experienced doctors were of no avail, and so while I attended a dinner elsewhere Martyn played his very last game.The mental inquests have been going on since.Should men in their 50s, regular players or not, be playing such a demanding game?Do middle aged doctors seen playing squash give a false sense of security to others?Is there any way of predicting such an event in a man who has no symptoms, plays regularly, and had played an equally hard game only days before?The experts think not.An abnormal exercise electrocardiogram would be an obvious contraindication, but a normal one doesn't mean you are safe.By its very nature squash carries high cardiac risk.The exercise is in explosive bursts.It is exhausting, and the very object of the game is to wear your opponent down by working him as hard as possible.Regular play must lessen the risk but is no guarantee against a disaster, and Martyn's death was the second on our courts in a few months.Set against that it is exhilarating and mentally refreshing and, like all sport, an antidote to the often considerable stresses of work.Martyn loved it dearly.All this means that so far as I'm concerned the jury is still out on middle aged squash.So I don't mourn for Martyn, who loved his sport and at least never had to suffer the infirmities and indignities of old age.I mourn for his family and his
Treatment of staphylococcal infection
Authors: Sebastian G B Amyes
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Prescriptions must be part of a package that includes infection control 

W e have seen a spectacular rise in multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus (usually termed methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus— MRSA) in hospitals and care homes in the United Kingdom in the past five years.1 The emergence and spread of modern resistant bacteria are not simply the result of mutations or gene transfer in the diverse species we call S aureus ,2 as occurred when resistance first developed.3 Instead the resistance is now spread by the dissemination of a tiny number of clones, which have a predisposition towards resistance and have been selected by current treatment. So how does one treat staphylococcal infection?

In particular, two clones, epidemic MRSA (EMRSA)-15 and EMRSA-16, account for more than 95% of MRSA strains isolated in the United Kingdom.4 The carriage of resistance in these bacteria seems to be associated with no fitness cost—the acquisition of resistance does not slow the growth of the bacteria and thus put them at a selective disadvantage once the antibiotic is removed.5 So …
Atypical Pulmonary Sarcoidosis
Authors: Enrique Schwarz
Journal: JAMA (1961)

THE COMMON roentgenographic findings of pulmonary sarcoidosis are well known and have been thoroughly described in the medical literature. Nevertheless, there are certain uncommon manifestations of lung involvement in sarcoidosis that simulate other conditions. This paper deals with a brief review of such atypical cases which can be found in medical practice, and which may be mistaken for other diseases.  Method and Results  Out of a series of 77 cases of sarcoidosis with roentgenographic manifestations of pulmonary involvement, 12 were selected for this study. These cases did not show roentgen findings typical of sarcoidosis and could not be grouped under the classification followed here. This classification is modified from Nitter1and it is shown, in the table.  The observations of Felson2regarding atypical   Classification of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis Modified from Nitter1  Bilateral hilar and/or paratracheal adenopathy—no parenchymal changes  Adenopathy associated with prominent perihilar markings (early parenchymal
CLIMATE IN TUBERCULOSIS AND THE PREVENTION OF RELAPSES
Authors: S. ADOLPHUS KNOPF
Journal: JAMA (1931)

There have appeared of late many alluring advertisements in the lay and medical press and in circular letters sent directly as first class mail to physicians from various chambers of commerce all praising highly their section of the country and their climate as particularly suited for the tuberculous invalid. On the other hand there have been issued, from individual authorities, official or semiofficial statements emphasizing the importance of judicious home treatment in home climates. It is obvious that it must be bewildering to the lay mind to read such different and seemingly contradictory statements. Not only the tuberculous individual seeking the best way to cure his disease according to his means, but even the general practitioner, unless he has made phthisiotherapy a special study, may have difficulty in knowing just what is best to do for this disease. Sometimes the family physician, even if he thinks it would be just
The Audiovisual Interview
Authors: John E. Verby
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The audiovisual interview with a patient in the office of the student physician or physician is an essential undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate educational management tool. Immediate feedback and insight are obtained as to how the patient and educator perceive the performance and service of the student or professional. Therapeutic failures may be recognized, and misconceptions and misreading of verbal and nonverbal communications can be corrected immediately. There is access to integrating psychosocial and biologic variables, with a better chance to extract more valid information for creative problem-solving and less of a chance for therapeutic failures. The student recognizes and appreciates the therapy and healing in the dialogue. (<i>JAMA</i>236:2413-2414, 1976)
Psychiatric Misdiagnosis in Early Neurological Disease
Authors: H. S. Olin, A. D. Weisman
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The records of 2,200 patients who were admitted to a general hospital psychiatric service and of 475 patients with brain tumors were examined to determine how frequently early neurological diseases were mistaken for psychiatric disorders. From the former, it was learned how often neurological disease had been either overlooked or misdiagnosed at the initial psychiatric admission. The second group of records showed whether these cases had been erroneously diagnosed before the brain tumor was discovered. There were no instances of misdiagnosed neurological disease in either group. Among the first group of patients, there were two incomplete diagnoses and one false incorrect diagnosis.
SYMMETRICAL GANGRENE OF MALARIAL ORIGIN
Authors: WILLIAM H. SLAUGHTER
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The occurrence of gangrene following infectious diseases is not uncommon; but the occurrence of symmetrical gangrene as a complication in such conditions is comparatively rare and is barely mentioned in any of the textbooks. The occurrence of symmetrical gangrene in malaria, which is classified by Dieulafoy<sup>1</sup>under the infectious diseases proper to man, is mentioned by only a few authors; of all the complications and sequelae of malaria, gangrene is probably the rarest. Brusa<sup>2</sup>reports a case of symmetrical gangrene in a child, aged 14 months, following measles; Learmonth,<sup>3</sup>a case of gangrene in the lower extremities in a child, aged 3 years, complicating scarlet fever which began simultaneously in the two limbs. Buerger<sup>4</sup>refers to gangrene as complicating syphilis, typhoid, influenza, typhus fever, cholera and scarlet fever during the period of convalescence; Darier<sup>5</sup>and Kerr<sup>6</sup>refer to thrombosis following typhoid, the former mentioning
Endothelial cell-mediated uptake of a hepatitis B virus: A new concept of liver targeting of hepatotropic microorganisms
Authors: Klaus M. Breiner, Heinz Schaller, Percy A. Knolle
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

The liver is a target for many infectious agents, most notably hepatitis viruses. However, several receptor molecules identified so far for hepatitis viruses were found to be ubiquitously expressed and can thus not account for efficient liver targeting. Using a model hepatitis B virus, the duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV), we have obtained data indicating that scavenging liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC), rather than hepatocytes themselves, play the key role in the initial uptake of viral pathogens into the liver. Experiments with fluorescent viral particles and coated gold particles in test animals, as well as in primary liver cell culture, demonstrated a preferential uptake of the viral substrates into LSEC. Intracellularly, fluorescent virus particles internalized by LSEC colocalized with the DHBV receptor, carboxypeptidase D, suggesting receptor-mediated rescue from lysosomal degradation. To comply with the high efficiency by which hepatitis B viruses infect hepatocytes in vivo, we propose that viruses initially scavenged by LSEC are thereafter released to infect adjacent hepatocytes, the only cells capable of replicating these viruses. Such a model of primary uptake into LSEC may illustrate a general mechanism by which blood-borne hepatotropic agents are targeted to the hepatocytes in the liver.