tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of glycaemic control in development of microalbuminuria in patients with insulin dependent diabetes
Authors: J K Powrie, G F Watts, J N Ingham, N A Taub, P J Talmud, K M Shaw
Journal: BMJ (1994)

To ascertain which factors determine the progression from very low rates of albumin excretion to persistent microalbuminuria in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.A 10 year prospective study of a cohort of diabetic patients.Outpatient department of the Portsmouth District Hospitals.97 patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus who were initially free of microalbuminuria and hypertension.Urinary albumin: creatinine ratio.Eight of the 97 patients had developed microalbuminuria (urinary albumin:creatinine ratio > 3 mg/mmol in three consecutive early morning samples) by the 10 year follow up. The group who developed microalbuminuria had higher baseline log10 plasma glucose concentrations (mean (SD), 1.210 (0.122) v 0.984 (0.196) mmol/l, P < 0.001) and glycated haemoglobin concentrations (1.112% (0.069%) v 0.997% (0.076%), P < 0.001) and a younger age at onset of diabetes (10.0 (5.5) v 15.6 (7.8) years, P < 0.05). There was no difference in baseline duration of diabetes, smoking, sex, insulin dose, body mass index, serum creatinine concentration, or systolic, diastolic, or mean arterial blood pressure between the two groups. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that urinary albumin:creatinine ratio at 10 years was influenced by initial albumin:creatinine ratio (P = 0.006), initial glycated haemoglobin concentration (P = 0.002), and duration of diabetes (P = 0.045). Genotype for angiotensin converting enzyme was not related to the development of microalbuminuria nor, in a larger group of patients, the presence of any degree of diabetic nephropathy.In patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus the progression of minimal albuminuria and the development of microalbuminuria is determined primarily by poor long term glycaemic control. There is a weaker relation with longer duration of disease and younger age at onset of diabetes, but blood pressure does not seem to be implicated. Gene polymorphism for angiotensin converting enzyme is not linked to the development of microalbuminuria or established diabetic nephropathy.
Verapamil prevents silent myocardial perfusion abnormalities during exercise in asymptomatic patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Authors: J E Udelson, R O Bonow, P T O'Gara, B J Maron, A Van Lingen, S L Bacharach, S E Epstein
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Recent studies indicate that reversible 201Tl perfusion defects, compatible with silent myocardial ischemia, commonly develop during exercise in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). To determine whether this represents a dynamic process that may be modified favorably by medical therapy, we studied 29 asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patients with HCM, aged 12-55 years (mean, 28), with exercise 201Tl emission computed tomography under control conditions and again after 1 week of oral verapamil (mean dosage, 453 mg/day). Treadmill time increased slightly during verapamil (21.0 +/- 3.6 to 21.9 +/- 2.7 minutes, p less than 0.005), but peak heart rate-blood pressure product was unchanged (26.3 +/- 6.0 X 10(3) compared with 25.0 +/- 6.4 X 10(3). Two midventricular short-axis images per study were divided into five regions each, and each of these 10 regions was then analyzed on a 0-2 scale by three observers blinded with regard to the patients' therapy. Average regional scores of 1.5 or less were considered to represent perfusion defects, and a change in regional score of 0.5 or more was considered to constitute a significant change. During control studies, 15 patients (52%) developed perfusion defects with exercise (average, 3.7 regions per patient). In 14 of these patients, all perfusion defects completely reversed after 3 hours of rest; one patient had fixed defects. After administration of verapamil, exercise perfusion scores improved in 10 of the 14 patients (71%) with reversible defects; there was overall improvement in 34 of 50 (68%) regions with initially reversible perfusion defects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The flight from reasoning in psychology
Authors: Joachim I. Krueger
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Psychological science can benefit from a theoretical unification with other social sciences. Social psychology in particular has gone through cycles of repression, denying itself the opportunity to see the calculating element in human interaction. A closer alignment with theories of evolution and theories of interpersonal (and intergroup) games would bring strategic reasoning back into the focus of research.
Condoms and prevention of HIV
Authors: Anna M Foss, Charlotte H Watts, Peter Vickerman, Lori Heise
Journal: BMJ (2004)

screening or choose particular treatments. 9 10Vaccinating some people in a population may cause others (for example, immunocompromised people) to become sick through the spread of the vaccine virus or, conversely, to remain well through the effect of herd immunity.The existence of collateral health effects and the fact that each individual may be connected to numerous others, including relatives, friends, neighbours, and co-workers, implies developments in research and policy.To explore such effects, new datasets and methods will be needed.Most prospective cohort studies and randomised controlled trials today include only individuals who are followed to observe outcomes.Some social science and epidemiological cohort studies do ask individuals about the health status of their spouse or some other social contact, but only a few (for example, the US health and retirement survey) actually include the spouse or other social contacts in the study cohort.Developing datasets with such features and measurements is necessary to understand fully collateral health effects.Collecting information about the various contacts of people enrolled in clinical trials or epidemiological studies may represent an extension to study design similar to the extension in the 1990s of including cost effectiveness analyses as a standard feature of clinical trials.Network phenomena are receiving increased attention in fields as diverse as engineering, biology, and sociology, 11 12 but they are also relevant to health and medicine.Networks have emergent properties not explained by the constituent parts and not present in the parts.Understanding such properties requires seeing whole groups of individuals and their interconnections at once.The existence of social networks means that people and events are interdependent and that health and health care can transcend the individual in ways that patients, doctors, policy makers, and researchers should care about.
Epigenetic regulation of Wnt-signaling pathway in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: José Román-Gómez, Lucia Cordeu, Xabier Agirre, Antonio Jiménez-Velasco, Edurne San José-Eneriz, Leire Garate, María José Calasanz, Anabel Heiniger, Antonio Torres, Felipe Prosper
Journal: Blood (2006)
MPs criticise waste of public money on suspensions
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The House of Commons Public Accounts Committee has attacked the NHS for allowing too many doctors and other clinical staff to be suspended for as long as two years on full pay while disciplinary proceedings occur.

Between April 2001 and July 2002, 1063 clinical staff were excluded in England, 208 of them doctors, says the report, echoing statistics published last year by the National Audit Office ( BMJ 2003;327:1065).

“Astonishingly, there were 30 cases where exclusions lasted over two years,” said Edward Leigh, MP and chairman of the committee, in his report published last Tuesday.

“The annual cost to the NHS, at £40m [$74m; €57m], is much too high. And very long cases can be …
Health-Related Quality-of-Life in a Randomized Phase III First-Line Study of Gefitinib Versus Carboplatin/Paclitaxel in Clinically Selected Patients from Asia with Advanced NSCLC (IPASS)
Authors: Sumitra Thongprasert, Emma Duffield, Nagahiro Saijo, Yi-Long Wu, James Chih-Hsin Yang, Da-Tong Chu, Meilin Liao, Yuh-Min Chen, Han-Pin Kuo, Shunichi Negoro, Kwok Chi Lam, Alison Armour, Patrick Magill, Masahiro Fukuoka
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
350 TRANSIENT ELASTOGRAPHY (FIBROSCAN) IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B IN EVERYDAY CLINICAL PRACTICE
Authors: E. Sinakos, S. Manolakopoulos, G. Papatheodoridis, L. Papalavrentios, M.-V. Papageorgiou, N. Papachrysos, P. Hytiroglou, E. Akriviadis
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Effects of Glyceraldehyde on the Structural and Functional Properties of Sickle Erythrocytes
Authors: Alan M. Nigen, James M. Manning
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

The d- and l-isomers of glyceraldehyde are equally effective in the inhibition of SS erythrocyte sickling in vitro. The following compounds at a concentration of 20 mM were ineffective in inhibiting sickling: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, d-erythrose, d-ribose, d-fructose, d-glucose, d-sucrose, dihydroxyacetone, and methylglyoxal. Glyceraldehyde does not reverse the sickling of cells in the deoxy state. The properties of purified hemoglobin after treatment with glyceraldehyde and of the hemoglobin isolated from treated cells are very similar; these results suggest that glyceraldehyde itself is the reactive species within the erythrocyte. Erythrocyte glutathione is decreased by treatment in vitro with the aldehyde.
Chemoprophylaxis of Homozygous Sicklers with Antimalarials and Long-acting Penicillin
Authors: M. A. Warley, P. J. S. Hamilton, P. D. Marsden, R. E. Brown, J. G. Merselis, N. Wilks
Journal: BMJ (1965)

Chemoprophylaxis of HomozygousSicklers with Antimalarials and Long-acting PenicillinThe results have been analysed in the following manner.The mean haemoglobin values, the dactylitis, and haemolytic crises rates for each individual per month were compared in the two groups by arranging the results in ascending order of magnitude and calculating the significance of the differences, using Kendall's method.
The prevalence and significance of anaemia in patients receiving neo-adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy for treatment of rectal carcinoma
Authors: L. Bell, C. J. Walter, C. Jackson, N. Borley, A. Goodman, J. M. Wheeler
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Previous studies have shown that anaemia during neo-adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy treatment (NCRT) for rectal carcinoma is associated with reduced down-staging when assessed histologically using the Rectal Cancer Regression Group (RCRG).1 The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and significance of anaemia during NCRT for rectal cancer at our centre. <h3>Methods</h3> Hospital coding databases were used to identify all patients undergoing NCRT for rectal cancer at our centre between start of 2004 and end of 2009. A retrospective review of computerised haematology and histology records was used to extract and record: patient details; haemoglobin (Hb) levels throughout NCRT and RCRGs (a 3-point scale where grade 1 represents the greatest histological regression and grade 3 the least). Anaemia was defined by our laboratory9s standards (Hb &lt;11.5 g/dl and &lt;13 g/dl for women and men respectively). Results were analysed using GnuPSPP statistical software. <h3>Results</h3> 24 (34%) of the 70 patients (51 male, 19 female) with a median age of 66 (IQR 60–72.75) treated with NCRT during the study period were shown to be anaemic. Two patients (3%) had no Hb9s recorded. Anaemic patients demonstrated significantly higher RCRG than non-anaemic patients with 17%, 38%, 46% versus 59%, 30%, 11% for RCRG 1–3 respectively p&lt;0.001. Histology results from patients with lower RCRGs demonstrated lower T scores (p&lt;0.01) from the TNM staging and a trend to lower N scores (p=0.06). <h3>Conclusion</h3> At our centre the prevalence of anaemia in patients undergoing NCRT is 34%. Anaemia during NCRT in this study is associated with significant reductions in down-staging as demonstrated by higher RCRGs, which in turn, is associated with worse TNM staging.
Successful therapy with anakinra in a patient with generalized pustular psoriasis carrying<i>IL36RN</i>mutations
Authors: U. Hüffmeier, M. Wätzold, J. Mohr, M.P. Schön, R. Mössner
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2013)

U.H. and M.W. contributed equally to this work. Funding sources: none. Conflicts of interest: R.M. and M.P.S. have received payments for conduction of clinical trials, as invited speaker or advisor, or for travel grants from the following companies: Abbott GmbH & Co. KG, Biogen IDEC GmbH, Essex Pharma GmbH, Janssen‐Cilag, LEO Pharma GmbH, Merck Serono GmbH, Novartis Pharma GmbH, Pfizer GmbH and Wyeth Pharma GmbH. M.P.S. has received research grants from Abbott and BiogenIdec, and has received consulting fees from Abbott, BiogenIdec, Janssen‐Cilag, LEO Pharma, Novartis Pharma and Pfizer. Dear Editor, Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) may be caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the gene IL36RN, which codes for interleukin‐36 receptor antagonist (IL‐36Ra).1 2 Such mutations are present in approximately 40% of patients with GPP in Germany.3 Anakinra, an interleukin (IL)‐1 receptor antagonist, has been described as an effective treatment against GPP in several cases.4 However, there are no published data on whether anakinra is also effective in the subgroup of patients with GPP carrying IL36RN mutations. Here, we report the first case of a patient with GPP carrying IL36RN mutations who responded well to therapy with anakinra.
Silicon Quantum Dots for Biological Applications
Authors: Shanmugavel Chinnathambi, Song Chen, Singaravelu Ganesan, Nobutaka Hanagata
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Abstract Semiconductor nanoparticles (or quantum dots, QDs) exhibit unique optical and electronic properties such as size‐controlled fluorescence, high quantum yields, and stability against photobleaching. These properties allow QDs to be used as optical labels for multiplexed imaging and in drug delivery detection systems. Luminescent silicon QDs and surface‐modified silicon QDs have also been developed as potential minimally toxic fluorescent probes for bioapplications. Silicon, a well‐known power electronic semiconductor material, is considered an extremely biocompatible material, in particular with respect to blood. This review article summarizes existing knowledge related to and recent research progress made in the methods for synthesizing silicon QDs, as well as their optical properties and surface‐modification processes. In addition, drug delivery systems and in vitro and in vivo imaging applications that use silicon QDs are also discussed.
Biliary stent migration presenting as a recurrent pilonidal abscess with underlying rectocutaneous fistula
Authors: G. Mavrogenis, M. Lalot, Y. Hoebeke, P. Warzée, P. Van Ende, A. Sibille
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

A 53-year-old patient was admitted to the gastroenterology department for the management of a benign biliary stricture secondary to chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. He underwent sphincterotomy and placement of a 10 Fr × 10 cm plastic biliary stent. Endoscopic follow-up 2 months later revealed spontaneous migration of the stent and no further intervention was performed.
Sarcoidosis: initial results on six patients treated with allopurinol
Authors: Memy Samuel, G.E. Allen, S.C. McMillan, D. Burrows, J.R. Corbett, J.M. Beare
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1984)

Journal Article Sarcoidosis: initial results on six patients treated with allopurinol Get access Memy Samuel, Memy Samuel Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.E. Allen, G.E. Allen Belfast City Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.C. McMillan, S.C. McMillan Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Burrows, D. Burrows Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.R. Corbett, J.R. Corbett Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.M. Beare J.M. Beare Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 111, Issue s26, 1 July 1984, Page 20, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1984.tb05238.x Published: 01 July 1984
The ‘disappearance’ of hysteria: Historical mystery or illusion?
Authors: Jon Stone, Russell Hewett, Alan Carson, Charles Warlow, Michael Sharpe
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2008)

There is a widespread belief that the symptoms of ‘hysteria’, as used to describe neurological symptoms such as paralysis or blackouts unexplained by disease, has become less common over the last 100 years.1-3 For example, in From Paralysis to Fatigue, his history of psychosomatic medicine, Edward Shorter argues that symptoms such as hysterical paralysis, which were common in the 19th century and famously demonstrated by Charcot, have now given way to more elusive symptoms such as fatigue.1 Common theories given for this ‘disappearance of hysteria’ include societal emancipation from repressive Victorian culture, increasing ‘psychological literacy’ in the 20th century and advances in understanding of neurological disease. Mark Micale, another historian of hysteria, also accepts the view that the more ‘florid’ types of hysteria are ‘regarded today as extreme rarities’.2

But as Jan van Gijn, Professor of Neurology in Utrecht, has recently commented, anyone who thinks that hysteria disappeared with the death of Charcot cannot know what goes on in neurology outpatient clinics.4 Ample data exists to show that conversion symptoms remain very common in neurological practice,5-8 a clinical reality that is curiously not reflected in research activity, teaching or public awareness.

It is puzzling, to say the least, that there should be such a discrepancy between medical historians and clinical neurologists. So what has happened? Did hysteria wane and is it now increasing again? Or has it always been common? In this essay we explore, using data where possible, some of the factors at work in this story. We conclude that there is no good evidence for a change in the frequency with which conversion symptoms (neurological ‘hysteria’) have presented to neurologists over the last 120 years. Instead, we propose that when the neurological study of disease and the psychiatric study of neurosis became divergent endeavours at the start of the 20th century, hysteria fell into a no-man's land between these two specialities. Neurologists were not interested in seeing the patients and the patients were mostly not interested in seeing psychiatrists. Scientific obliteration had become almost complete by the 1960s when flawed data was published which appeared to indicate that the diagnosis of hysteria usually turned out to be incorrect.9 We argue that it was not hysteria that disappeared, but rather medical interest in hysteria.
PWE-191 The role of ERCP in the management of post cholecystectomy biliary leaks
Authors: R Rameshshanker, A King, B Mcfarlane, A Leahy
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Bile duct injury causing a biliary leak after cholecystectomy is an important and well recognised surgical complication. It has a significant impact on the post operative recovery and is often managed endoscopically with the insertion of a biliary stent. <h3>Objectives</h3> To assess the clinical course of patients who had a biliary stent placed for a post operative bile duct leak. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients who underwent ERCP and biliary stent insertion for a biliary leak between 1 November 2009 and 30 November 2011 at our NHS trust were identified. Demographic data, endoscopic procedure details and outcomes were recorded. <h3>Results</h3> 25 patients had endoscopic (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio Pancreatography-ERCP) management of a biliary leak by stent insertion. 72% of the cohort were females. Age range was between 19 and 80 years with a mean of 52.6 years. 16/25 (64%) of patients had two ERCPs for the insertion and subsequent removal of a plastic stent (size between 7 and 10 Fr). Nine patients (36%) had &gt;2 ERCPs due to a persistent leak. 10/16 patients (62.5%) had the 2nd ERCP within 7 weeks and all had no persistent leak during that examination. The remaining 6 (37.5%) had the 2nd ERCP later than 7 weeks, and found to have no further biliary leak. The mean time between the two ERCPs was 9.3 weeks. Three Patients with a persistent biliary leak (33%) had an ERCP as early as 3 days. Others had between 1 and 4 weeks. None of the patients had any complications secondary to ERCP. The majority of the biliary leaks originated from the cystic duct stump (64%) or gall bladder bed (20%). Out of the total 25, four patients (16%) had retained stones within the common bile duct identified at the second ERCP and all were successfully extracted. 22 (88%) of the cohort did not have a persistent leak or stricture during their final ERCP. Three patients (12%) developed a stricture at the common bile duct or common hepatic duct. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Within a district general hospital setting, the majority of patients with a post-cholecystectomy biliary leak can be managed effectively with the insertion of plastic biliary stents. A minority of patients will develop a subsequent biliary stricture. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
The NHS, the private sector, and the virtual asylum
Authors: Rob Poole, Tony Ryan, Alison Pearsall
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The British government is promoting close cooperation between the NHS and the private sector.1 In mental health care, an outcry over conditions in private “madhouses” led to legislation and the establishment of county asylums in the early 19th century, almost eliminating private care.2 The number of beds for people with mental illness in the NHS dropped from a peak of 148 000 in 1954 to 35 740 in 2000. 3 4 As this decline accelerated, a thriving private market in the provision of beds for long stay patients emerged.5 It is time to consider the consequences.

One of the successes of community care has been the ability of non-statutory organisations to provide a diversity of supported housing. The private provision of long term inpatient care is more problematic. The lack of NHS facilities for patients whose behaviours are intractably difficult to manage or who have unusual psychiatric needs has been exploited as a market opportunity by largeand small businesses. For example, over a …