tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Stimulation of renin release by hyperoncotic perfusion of the isolated rat kidney.
Authors: A J Cohen, K Spokes, R S Brown, J S Stoff, P Silva
Journal: Circulation Research (1982)

Renin release was measured in the isolated rat kidney perfused with a recirculating artificial medium containing bovine serum albumin at 6.7 g per 100 ml of 11 g per 100 ml. At the higher concentration of albumin, glomerular filtration ceased and the rate of renin release over 70 minutes of perfusion was increased 6-fold. The addition of ouabain to the perfusate containing 11 g per 100 ml inhibited the release of renin, suggesting that inhibition of Na-K-ATPase or the related changes in cellular volume or composition prevented renin release. Lowering the osmolality of the perfusate by reducing the concentration of sodium chloride also prevented the increase in renin secretion produced by perfusion with 11 g per 100 ml albumin. Increasing the osmolality of the perfusate with mannitol restored the augmented renin release. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that alterations in the volume of certain cells, perhaps in the juxtaglomerular apparatus itself, can control renin release.
Upregulation of the CLIP self peptide on mature dendritic cells antagonizes T helper type 1 polarization
Authors: Till A Röhn, Marianne Boes, Dirk Wolters, Sebastian Spindeldreher, Bernd Müller, Hanno Langen, Hidde Ploegh, Anne B Vogt, Harald Kropshofer
Journal: Nature Immunology (2004)
Decreased intraperitoneal insulin requirements during peritonitis on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
Authors: I S Henderson, K R Patterson, A C Leung
Journal: BMJ (1985)

6 observations de peritonite aigue (Staphylococcus epidermides dans 5 cas, S. aureus dans 1) chez des malades diabetiques traites par dialyse peritoneale continue ambulatoire. Traitement efficace de la peritonite par cephalotine. Pendant la phase aigue de la peritonite les besoins en insuline pour maintenir la glycerine dans les limites prevues sont grandement reduits. 2 des malades ont meme presente une hypoglycemie marquee et un coma, le 3eme j de la peritonite
Liver transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis: A long-term pathologic study
Authors: Gamze Ayata, Fredric D. Gordon, David W. Lewis, Elizabeth Pomfret, James J. Pomposelli, Roger L. Jenkins, Urmila Khettry
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) after liver transplantation (LT) may recur and is difficult to diagnose. Our aims were to define the histopathology of and factors related to AIH recurrence. Fourteen of 475 patients received LT for AIH; 2 died perioperatively. Liver specimens (native and post-LT biopsies) from 12 other patients were reviewed and correlated with pre- and post-LT clinical course and outcome. Recurrent AIH was seen in 5 of 12 patients, 35 to 280 days post-LT as lobular hepatitis with acidophil bodies and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. Portal/interface hepatitis was seen with disease progression and 2 of 5 patients developed cirrhosis. Of 7 nonrecurrent patients, 1 had acquired hepatitis C with lobular/portal hepatitis and none developed cirrhosis. Histology suggestive of overlap syndrome was seen in 3 of 12 native livers with no effect on post-LT course or pathology. High-grade necroinflammation was present in native livers at LT in 5 of 5 cases with recurrent AIH and in 1 of 7 without recurrence (P <.01). Pre-LT disease duration, donor/recipient gender distribution, HLA studies, and rejection episodes did not correlate with AIH recurrence. We conclude that (1) recurrent AIH is not uncommon and was seen in 42% of patients with lymphoplasmacytic lobular, portal, and interface hepatitis; (2) acidophil bodies with lymphoplasmacytic cells are seen in early recurrent AIH; (3) recurrent AIH appears at variable time periods post-LT, and the progression is slow; and (4) high-grade inflammation in native liver at LT is a strong predictor of recurrent AIH.
Myelodysplastic features in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Sevgi Yetgin, Seza Özen, Ümit Saatci, Aysin Bakkaloglu, Nesrin Besbas, Birgul Kirel
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

We have attempted to investigate the dysplastic changes in the hematopoietic system associated with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and its relation to disease activity. The peripheral blood smear and bone marrow aspiration samples of 17 JRA patients were investigated and correlations with laboratory parameters of disease activity sought. The age range was 6-16 years and the duration of disease 1.5-108 months. Abnormal finding of the peripheral smear and bone marrow were scored separately. The score of pathological peripheral blood findings correlated significantly with CRP and ferritin (both P <0.05). In the bone marrow specimens marked changes were noted in the myeloid, erythropoietic, and megakaryopoietic series; however, the score of pathological findings did not correlate with laboratory parameters of disease activity (P > 0.05). We suggest that JRA is associated with marked myelodysplastic changes, also manifested in the peripheral blood smear; these changes may well be the consequence of the inflammatory milieu, including cytokines, during active disease.
Frequency and impact of delayed decisions regarding heart transplantation on long-term outcomes in patients with advanced heart failure
Authors: Eldrin F. Lewis, Sui W. Tsang, James C. Fang, Gilbert H. Mudge, John A. Jarcho, Carol M. Flavell, Anju Nohria, Michael M. Givertz, Gregory S. Couper, John G. Byrne, Lynne Warner Stevenson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
The role of reactive oxygen species and hemeoxygenase-1 expression in the cytotoxicity, cell cycle alteration and apoptosis of dental pulp cells induced by BisGMA
Authors: Mei-Chi Chang, Lin-I. Chen, Chiu-Po Chan, Jang-Jaer Lee, Tong-Mei Wang, Ting-Ting Yang, Po-Shuen Lin, Hsueh-Jen Lin, Hsiao-Hua Chang, Jiiang-Huei Jeng
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
A New Method of Fixing the Sigmoid in Inguinal Colotomy
Authors: L. A. Bidwell
Journal: BMJ (1895)

7M&DIA4 JOURNA 75 away the adenoids.The free heemorrhage is allowed to draini into the right cheek, and is speedily swabbed away, the gag always being in 8itu, with tongue forceps, if not actually in use, ready at hand.After the first free bleeding is checked,
AN IMPROVED STETHOSCOPE.
Authors: F. W. MERCER
Journal: JAMA (1898)

In the stethoscope here illustrated an attempt has been made to combine the desirable features of a number now in use. The advantages claimed are increased clearness and distinctness of sounds transmitted; its lightness and the ease by which the whole instrument can be made aseptic. In its construction only thin and hard German silver tubing should be used, the chest piece being of the same material. The bell, or chest piece, differs to a degree from existing forms in having the bifurcation carried down rather close to the rim and the bell itself made as short as possible. The mouth of the bell has a diameter of 25 mm. and each bifurcation has an internal diameter of 8 mm. The pure gum, antimony tubing connecting the chest piece with the ear tubes should have extra thick walls, with an internal diameter of 8 mm. The metal ear tubes made
Dual origins of the mammalian accessory olfactory bulb revealed by an evolutionarily conserved migratory stream
Authors: Dhananjay Huilgol, Susan Udin, Tomomi Shimogori, Bhaskar Saha, Achira Roy, Shinichi Aizawa, Robert F Hevner, Gundela Meyer, Toshio Ohshima, Samuel J Pleasure, Yangu Zhao, Shubha Tole
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2013)
Vatican newspaper reopens debate on defining death
Authors: M. Day
Journal: BMJ (2008)

A front page editorial in the Vatican newspaper, L’Osservatore Romano , has reopened the debate on what constitutes the end of life, 40 years after the widely accepted Harvard report that established the concept of brain death.

The editorial, in the 2 September edition, declares that life might continue after the brain dies. It says that the current, almost universally accepted definition published by Harvard doctors in 1968 “is in contradiction to the concept of the person according to Catholic doctrine.” Before the influential US report was published, death was defined by the absence of a heart beat …
Accident department or general practice?
Authors: H M Mackenzie
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Patients attending without consulting general practitioner.A major factor influencing preferential attend- ance at an accident and emergency department is known to be the distance.of the patient from the hospital.General practitioners practising near to accident and emergency departments may expect a greater proportion ofthe minor traumas to be dealt with there.Sixty two general practitioners practise in Dar- lington Health Authority.If they dealt with these cases of minor trauma, and assuming an equal distribution ofworkload, each general practitioner could expect about 30 extra cases to deal with per month.Over 25% of emergencies occurred out of hours-600 pm to 800 am, with about 10% between 1100 pm and 700 am.Each general practitioner could therefore expect to receive about 10 calls "out ofhours" a month and to be disturbed from his or her bed three to four times a month.The general practitioner covering for several col- leagues could expect a substantial out of hours work commitment.Do general practitioners have the time?Do they have the facilities?
Eosinophil apoptosis caused by theophylline, glucocorticoids, and macrolides after stimulation with IL-5
Authors: Tetsuya Adachi, Shinji Motojima, Akira Hirata, Takeshi Fukuda, Norio Kihara, Akinori Kosaku, Hideki Ohtake, Sohei Makino
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1996)
Acute mixed lineage leukemia in children: the experience of St Jude Children's Research Hospital
Authors: Jeffrey E. Rubnitz, Mihaela Onciu, Stanley Pounds, Sheila Shurtleff, Xueyuan Cao, Susana C. Raimondi, Frederick G. Behm, Dario Campana, Bassem I. Razzouk, Raul C. Ribeiro, James R. Downing, Ching-Hon Pui
Journal: Blood (2009)
Sauce, spices, and the kidney.
Authors: K J Murphy
Journal: BMJ (1971)

m= sH mEDICAL jouRNAL 25 sEPTEMBER 1971 ally required.Sorting and microfilming is likely to be too time-consuming to be pro- fitable.It it is impossible for hospitals to preserve case notes for a useful period of time could not some central storage depot be instituted in each region or area, where old medical records would be available to any hospital?It is a depressing thought that as fast as one is making careful and detailed clinical notes during one year, a "medical records destruction officer" is steadily tearing them up a few years later.-I am, etc.,
Respiration. Vol I
Authors: David W. Cugell
Journal: JAMA (1965)

The American Physiological Society is sponsoring a multi-volume, encyclopedic review of physiological knowledge. For the respiratory section this volume is only the first of two planned. It contains 34 chapters, all dealing with historical development, anatomic organization, chemical or physical processes at both the cellular and organ level, and neurohumoral mechanisms of respiration. Each chapter is a relatively succinct review of one particular subject, with sufficient illustrative and diagrammatic material for thorough comprehension. Considerably more detail would be required if the reader hoped to perform experimental studies. An enormous amount of current knowledge in respiratory physiology has been collected in volume one. A distinguished panel of acknowledged experts is represented, although some authorities on certain topics are conspicuously absent. Nevertheless, this is an admir-] able reference work for which the editors must be congratulated. Volume two, currently scheduled for publication in April 1965, will contain approximately 73 chapters under the
Biochemical Studies on Cholesterol in in vivo Cultivated Connective Tissue
Authors: ROBERT J. BOUCEK, NANCY L. NOBLE
Journal: Circulation Research (1957)

In vivo cultivated connective tissue is rich in lipids. That obtained from man and chicken has larger concentrations of neutral fat and cholesterol than connective tissue of other species. Connective tissue synthesizes cholesterol and possesses a striking avidity for retention of either endogenous or exogenous cholesterol. The fibrous portion of sponge-connective tissue of the rabbit incorporates cholesterol at a characteristic rate, indicating some inherent inter-relationship between the lipid and the scleroprotein. Marked reduction of a previously elevated serum cholesterol in the rabbit does not lower connective tissue cholesterol concentration. Connective tissue of the rabbit intima requires prolonged exposure to an elevated serum cholesterol before increased cholesterol incorporation occurs.
Role of the Laboratory in the Diagnosis of Anemia
Authors: Ralph O. Wallerstein
Journal: JAMA (1976)

ANEMIA is a common clinical finding that can be assessed by a systematic use of the laboratory. More than 30 tests dealing directly with the cause of anemia are available in good hospital laboratories (Table). Problems with anemia can usually be solved by a few judiciously selected procedures. The tests can be separated into screening and specific classifications (Table). The screening tests can establish the category in which the anemia belongs, and the specific tests enable further study of the anemia in that category. It is convenient to begin the workup by considering the four categories of anemia: (1) iron deficiency, (2) megaloblastic, (3) hemolytic, and (4) bone-marrow failure, which has four subcategories—absolute (eg, aplastic anemia, leukemia, myeloma), relative (anemia associated with chronic disease, eg, infection, azotemia, liver diseases), ineffective erythropoiesis (ie, intramedullary hemolysis or refractory normoblastic anemia), and pure red blood cell (RBC) anemia. The most common anemias are
Don't risk patient care to cut costs, regulator warns foundation trusts
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Foundation trusts in England are set to enter the “most challenging” financial times they have ever faced, with more than double the number of trusts forecasting financial problems this year than last year, the regulator of foundation trusts, Monitor, has warned.

Publishing its review of foundation trusts’ annual plans for 2011-12, Monitor highlighted the difficulties for foundation trusts in delivering year on year savings while also improving the quality of care and successfully integrating large numbers of “transforming community services” (TCS) transactions. Under the TCS transactions trusts are now moving outpatient services to community settings and paying alternative providers to carry out this work.

The review warns that cost improvement plans, which demand a 4.4% reduction in operating costs, are the “most …
Cultural Competence and the Culture of Medicine
Authors: Renée C. Fox
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

The phrase "cultural competence" arises often in discussions about improving medical education and health care in the United States. It is usually used to refer to a body of knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behavior in which physicians ought to be trained if they are to deliver "sensitive," "empathetic," "humanistic" care that is "respectful" of patients, involves effective "patient-centered communication," and responds to patients' "psychosocial issues and needs." It is commendable that the authors who address these attributes think of them as professional abilities that can be taught and implemented in clinical training, rather than primarily as virtues associated with moral . . .
LONG-TERM PROGNOSIS OF CORONARY ARTERY ANEURYSM DEVELOPING AFTER DRUG-ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATION
Authors: Hoyoun Won, Bum-Kee Hong, Pil-Ki Min, Young Won Yoon, Byoung Kwon Lee, Hyuck Moon Kwon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
PRACTICAL VS. THEORETICAL TONSILLOTOMY.
Authors: J. HOMER COULTER
Journal: JAMA (1898)

I doubt if there is any one subject in medicine and surgery more prolific in the way of literature than that of the tonsil. Hence to claim the addition of anything new to the subject would either savor of presumption or a limited acquaintance with current medical literature. In the past ten years there have been published over six hundred papers on various points relative to the tonsil. When we consider the volumes such an amount of literature means we are driven to the conclusion that either the tonsil is a most important organ, or it is an unusually frequent victim of pathologic conditions. The generally accepted reason is the latter; especially, since if we claimed the former we must of necessity be able to thoroughly establish its functional character and capacity. A very brief, and necessarily somewhat incoherent, reference to the etiology of enlarged tonsil seems necessary. At the
Medical Monographs. 3. Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: O. Savage, V. Wright
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1968)

to the last article on Allopurinol by Dr. J. T. Scott this book is packed with the latest views on practically every aspect of the rheumatic diseases which is the subject of current research.All the articles are first class and it is difficult to choose any particular ones for mention.Professor Spector's contribution on the problem of chronic inflammation describes work going on at his own laboratories at St. Bartholomew's and makes fascinating reading.Current work on lysosomes and their possible effect on erosion of cartilage is dealt with by Dr. Dingle from the Strangeways Laboratory in Cambridge.Dr. Ball reports a post mortem study from Manchester on 99 cases of rheumatoid arthritis with some interesting new facts.The prognosis in rheumatoid arthritis, always an important and difficult subject, is dealt with admirably by Dr. Alan Hill from the Oxford Research Centre.On of the highlights is the latest report from Drs Alexander Stewart, and Duthie in Edinburgh of findings of diptheroid organisms in synovial mem- brane and fluid in rheumatoid arthritis; read in conjunction with a following contribution by Dr. Williams, now at the Middlesex Hospital Research Department, this reveals not only the possibility of an infective factor in rheumatoid arthritis but the tremendous difficulties in the investigation of these highly delicate organisms.Dr. Ogryzlo from Toronto contributes an excellent paper on systemic lupus erythematosus, pointing out
S153 Bone morphogenetic protein receptor-II regulates pulmonary artery endothelial cell barrier function: relevance to heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: V. J. Burton, L. I. Ciuclan, A. M. Holmes, D. Rodman, C. Walker, D. C. Budd
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> Mutations in bone morphogenetic protein receptor II (BMPR-II) have been shown to underlie most heritable cases of Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, less than half the individuals who harbour mutations develop the disease. This fact has lead to speculation that the genetic defect combined with an additional trigger, such as inflammation, may be required for the disease to be manifested. <h3>Aim</h3> To define the role of BMPR-II in regulating the barrier function of pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC). <h3>Methods</h3> In vitro, BMPR-II expression was reduced in HPAEC using siRNA and cells were seeded onto transwell filters. FITC-labelled albumin (to assess permeability) or leukocytes (to assess leukocyte migration) were added to the upper chamber and either leakage of FITC-albumin or transmigration of leukocytes into the lower chamber assessed over time. Using a flow-based model, TNFα (4 h) or TGFβ1 (24 h) stimulated HPAEC were seeded into Ibidi slides and leukocyte-endothelial interactions visualised, recorded and quantified. In vivo, permeability was assessed by measuring Evans blue leakage into the pulmonary vasculature in endothelial restricted BMPR-II deficient mice. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the lungs was assessed as a measure of leukocyte infiltration. <h3>Results</h3> Leakage of FITC-albumin through HPAEC with reduced BMPR-II expression was significantly increased compared to mock-transfected HPAEC. Under static and flow conditions, leukocyte transmigration was greatly increased through HPAEC with reduced BMPR-II expression following TNFα or TGFβ1 stimulation. This facilitated transmigration following loss of BMPR-II could be blocked by pharmacological intervention of CXCR2. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our data suggest a novel role for BMPR-II in dampening inflammatory signals in the pulmonary vasculature and that loss of BMPR-II in the endothelial layer of the pulmonary vasculature may lead to heightened susceptibility to inflammation-induced tissue damage. We speculate this may be a key mechanism involved in the initiation of the disease in heritable PAH that result from defects in BMPR-II expression.
Bleeding colonic diverticulum
Authors: N. Ueno, H. Kawamura, Y. Abe, H. Takaha, M. Inamori
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

The prevalence of diverticular disease increases with age, and bleeding from colonic diverticula is the most common cause of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding, accounting for approximately 40 % of cases. The incidence of bleeding ranges from 5 % to 50 %. Because bleeding frequently stops spontaneously, the diagnosis is often presumptive and based on the exclusion of other sources of bleeding [1].
Normal Cerebellar MIBG Localization
Authors: ROBERT S. HATTNER, THOMAS R. POUNDS, KATHERINE K. MATTHAY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

In the I-131 MIBG scans of 14 patients with neuroblastoma (86%) or pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (14%) that were studied more than 48 hours after administration of the radiopharmaceutical, 12 (86%) had discernible cerebellar MIBG localization. A few had midbrain or diffuse cerebral uptake as well. None of the patients had cerebellar or other central nervous system signs or symptoms, and the localization is consistent with the known distribution density of central nervous system catecholamine receptors. This suggests that cerebellar MIBG localization is normal in delayed scans and that it should not be confused with neuraxial metastasis of adrenergic neuronal neoplasms.
Medical Competence and Performance Assessment
Authors: Donald G. Langsley
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Historically, the competence of physicians has been based on peer review of their performance. Formal assessment at the time of licensure and certification has been done by cognitive testing, a relatively easy method that is supported by a science of psychometrics. The assessment of actual performance has been less scientific, but that is changing. The National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) and the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG) are developing tests of clinical skills using standardized patients for live or electronic simulations. Specialty boards are seeking standardized evaluations of residency performance as part of the certification process. Licensure boards propose to develop a final step of their examinations that will test the cognitive processes used by experienced clinicians. As recertification moves toward an evaluation of practice, there is a call for competence evaluations that will also examine practice performance. These may use a battery of techniques such as