tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
BSE Sets Agenda for Imported Gelatin
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

THE FALLOUT from "mad cow disease" continues, although incidence of the disease itself has been decreasing steadily since January 1993 (<i>JAMA</i>. 1996;276;438-440). The latest worry is a renewal of the uncertainties surrounding the risk of human exposure to the agent or agents of spongiform encephalopathy in gelatin, which is manufactured from the bones and hides of cows and pigs. The concern has prompted a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) committee to advise the agency to reimpose a restriction on the use of gelatin manufactured from parts of cows imported from countries that have reported cases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Humans are exposed to a wide variety of products that contain or use gelatin, from sausage casings and jellies to medicinal capsules and at least 1 vaccine. In January, for example, Italian health authorities suspended distribution of a<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>b conjugate vaccine (named HibTITER, manufactured by Wyeth-Lederle Vaccines and
Clinical Features of Intralobar Sequestration of Lung
Authors: A. W. T. Eade, T. B. Stretton
Journal: BMJ (1961)

Intralobar bronchopulmonary sequestration is a condi tion that has received general recognition only in the past decade. The lesion is congenital in origin and consists of a portion of lung which is not in communication with the main bronchial tree and is supplied by an artery other than the pulmonary artery This vessel usually arises from the lower thoracic or upper abdominal aorta, and passes, directly or through the diaphragm, to the seques trated lung; it is elastic in type and often undergoes atheromatous change. The segment itself usually lies in the postero-medial part of one or other lower lobe. The mass is usually cystic, with evidence of bronchial structures in the cyst walls, shows inflammatory changes, and is devoid of visible carbon pigmentation. Such segments are peculiarly liable to infection, and in the past have usually come to light as a result of recurrent pulmonary sepsis, although the correct diag nosis has often not been apparent until the aberrant artery has been discovered at operation. It is now evident that features exist which allow a strong presumptive diagnosis to be made even when recurrent infections have not occurred.
A piece of my mind. The road out
Authors: H. J. Geiger
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
P-Selectin Glycoprotein Ligand 1 (Psgl-1) Is Expressed on Platelets and Can Mediate Platelet–Endothelial Interactions in Vivo
Authors: Paul S. Frenette, Cécile V. Denis, Linnea Weiss, Kerstin Jurk, Sangeetha Subbarao, Beate Kehrel, John H. Hartwig, Dietmar Vestweber, Denisa D. Wagner
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2000)

The platelet plays a pivotal role in maintaining vascular integrity. In a manner similar to leukocytes, platelets interact with selectins expressed on activated endothelium. P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1) is the main P-selectin ligand expressed on leukocytes. Searching for platelet ligand(s), we used a P-selectin–immunoglobulin G (IgG) chimera to affinity purify surface-biotinylated proteins from platelet lysates. P-selectin–bound ligands were eluted with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. An ∼210-kD biotinylated protein was isolated from both human neutrophil and platelet preparations. A band of the same size was also immunopurified from human platelets using a monoclonal anti–human PSGL-1 antibody and could be blotted with P-selectin–IgG. Under reducing conditions, both the predicted PSGL-1 ∼210-kD dimer and the ∼120-kD monomer were isolated from platelets. Comparative immunoelectron microscopy and Western blotting experiments suggested that platelet PSGL-1 expression is 25–100-fold lower than that of leukocytes. However, patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura who harbor predominantly young platelets displayed greater expression, indicating that PSGL-1 expression may be decreased during platelet aging. By flow cytometry, thrombin-activated platelets from normal individuals exhibited greater expression than those unstimulated. An inhibitory anti–PSGL-1 antibody significantly reduced platelet rolling in mesenteric venules, as observed by intravital microscopy. Our results indicate that functional PSGL-1 is expressed on platelets, and suggest an additional mechanism by which selectins and their ligands participate in inflammatory and/or hemostatic responses.
Tbr1 haploinsufficiency impairs amygdalar axonal projections and results in cognitive abnormality
Authors: Tzyy-Nan Huang, Hsiu-Chun Chuang, Wen-Hsi Chou, Chiung-Ya Chen, Hsiao-Fang Wang, Shen-Ju Chou, Yi-Ping Hsueh
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2014)
Carvedilol Inhibits Clinical Progression in Patients With Mild Symptoms of Heart Failure
Authors: Wilson S. Colucci, Milton Packer, Michael R. Bristow, E. Michael Gilbert, Jay N. Cohn, Michael B. Fowler, Steven K. Krueger, Ray Hershberger, Barry F. Uretsky, John A. Bowers, Jonathan D. Sackner-Bernstein, Sarah T. Young, Terry L. Holcslaw, Mary Ann Lukas
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background We tested the hypothesis that carvedilol inhibits clinical progression in patients with mildly symptomatic heart failure due to left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction. Methods and Results Patients (n=366) who had mildly symptomatic heart failure with an LV ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤0.35, had minimal functional impairment (defined as the ability to walk 450 to 550 m on a 6-minute walk test), and were receiving optimal standard therapy, including ACE inhibitors, were randomized double-blind to carvedilol (n=232) or placebo (n=134) and followed up for 12 months. The primary end point was clinical progression, defined as death due to heart failure, hospitalization for heart failure, or a sustained increase in heart failure medications. Clinical progression of heart failure occurred in 21% of placebo patients and 11% of carvedilol patients, reflecting a 48% ( P =.008) reduction in the primary end point of heart failure progression (relative risk, 0.52; CI, 0.32 to 0.85). This effect of carvedilol was not influenced by sex, age, race, cause of heart failure, or baseline LVEF. Carvedilol also significantly improved several secondary end points, including LVEF, heart failure score, NYHA functional class, and the physician and patient global assessments. Carvedilol reduced all-cause mortality but had no effects on the Minnesota Living With Heart Failure scale, the distance walked in 9 minutes on a self-powered treadmill, or cardiothoracic index. The drug was well tolerated. Conclusions Carvedilol, when added to standard therapy, including an ACE inhibitor, reduces clinical progression in patients who are only mildly symptomatic with well-compensated heart failure.
"Chloroform and Ether."
Authors: W. S. Caldwell
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Freeport, Ill., Jan. 17, 1897. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the Journal of January 2 Dr. Galloway publishes a communication with the above title, in which he criticises an article of mine that I read last September before the Mississippi Valley Medical Society and which was published in thisJournala few weeks ago. When I sent out my questions contained in that paper unfortunately many prominent surgeons of the eastern cities were away on their vacations and their answers came too late to be embodied in that article. Later, however, I received many replies, some of them quite lengthy, including replies from such men as McBurney and Bangs of New York, and these men without an exception prefer ether to chloroform as a general anesthetic, because they consider the former immensely safer than the latter. Nearly all of them give chloroform in exceptional cases, which they distinctly specify. The words
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF DRUG ELUTING STENT (CYPHER) VS. BARE METAL STENT IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY PCI IN ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: 5-YEARS LONG-TIME FOLLOW-UP
Authors: Henrik Schneider, Tim Rehders, Ibrahim Akin, Shwan Amin, Tilo Kleinfeldt, Christoph A. Nienaber, Frank Weber, Stephan Kische, Turan Goukmann, Huseyin Ince
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Behavioral toxicology, risk assessment, and chlorinated hydrocarbons.
Authors: A M Evangelista de Duffard, R Duffard
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Behavioral end points are being used with greater frequency in neurotoxicology to detect and characterize the adverse effects of chemicals on the nervous system. Behavioral measures are particularly important for neurotoxicity risk assessment since many known neurotoxicants do not result in neuropathology. The chlorinated hydrocarbon class consists of a wide variety of chemicals including polychlorinated biphenyls, clioquinol, trichloroethylene, hexachlorophene, organochlorine insecticides (DDT, dicofol, chlordecone,dieldrin, and lindane), and phenoxyherbicides. Each of these chemicals has effects on motor, sensory, or cognitive function that are detectable using functional measures such as behavior. Furthermore, there is evidence that if exposure occurs during critical periods of development, many of the chlorinated hydrocarbons are developmental neurotoxicants. Developmental neurotoxicity is frequently expressed as alterations in motor function or cognitive abilities or changes in the ontogeny of sensorimotor reflexes. Neurotoxicity risk assessment should include assessments of the full range of possible neurotoxicological effects, including both structural and functional indicators of neurotoxicity.
Enhanced arachidonic acid metabolism in alveolar macrophages from wheezy infants. Modulation by dexamethasone.
Authors: I Azevedo, J de Blic, P Scheinmann, B B Vargaftig, M Bachelet
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

To test the hypothesis that alveolar macrophages (AM) from wheezy infants release increased amounts of eicosanoids, as do AM from adults with asthma, we compared eicosanoid release by unstimulated- and ionophore-A23187-stimulated AM from 13 wheezy and six nonwheezy infants and analyzed its regulation by dexamethasone in vitro. Alveolar macrophages from wheezy infants released greater amounts of thromboxane A2 (TxA2) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) under resting conditions and of TxA2 upon stimulation than did those from control subjects. Dexamethasone induced a dose-dependent inhibition of the spontaneous and A23187-stimulated release of TxA2, but not of the A23187-stimulated release of lipoxygenase products. The inhibition of TxA2 formation was maintained when free arachidonic acid was added during A23187 stimulation, demonstrating that dexamethasone acted mainly at a postphospholipase A2 site. AM exposed to acetylsalicylate and then incubated overnight exhibited de novo cyclooxygenase synthesis, suggesting the presence of the inducible cyclooxygenase as a target for inhibition by dexamethasone. In conclusion, our findings suggest that AM from wheezy infants are activated in vivo to release eicosanoids, as are AM from asthmatic adults, and they support the therapeutic indications of glucocorticoids in severe recurrent wheezing of infancy.
THE MISUSE OF SULFONAMIDE COMPOUNDS
Authors: FREDERIC W. TAYLOR
Journal: JAMA (1942)

With the general acceptance and use of the sulfonamide compounds, it is inevitable that they should be tried in many types of infections for which they are not considered specific. Such enthusiastic use is quite understandable because of the miracles chemotherapy has already brought to medicine.  It is not my purpose in this communication to question the experimental use of these drugs. It is my purpose to question certain pernicious surgical practices which seem to discard sound surgical judgment for the attractive mysticism of a newly found drug. These practices include ( a ) the prophylactic implantation of one of the sulfonamide drugs in a clean operative wound, 1 or any wound which is to be closed and ( b ) the local implantation of one of these drugs at the site of an appendectomy or appendical abscess. 2   These practices have gained widespread popularity throughout the country as well as in our own
Steroids After Severe Injury
Authors: Eileen M. Bulger
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Novel Antiangiogenic Therapies for Renal Cell Cancer
Authors: Michael S. Gordon
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract Renal cell cancer remains a disease for which highly effective therapy for the majority of patients with metastatic disease is lacking. The biology of clear cell carcinomas and their association with mutations of the von Hippel-Lindau gene and its resultant increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) make angiogenesis a potentially pathophysiologic mechanism for tumor development. As a result, the use of antiangiogenic therapy is an intriguing concept for the treatment of renal cell cancer. Various agents, aside from the inhibitors of VEGF, have been studied, including thalidomide, low-dose interferon, and novel antiangiogenic agents such as the thrombospondin-1 mimetics. Use of these agents has been associated with some degree of objective response or prolonged stabilization of disease, and their true value needs to be assessed in ongoing prospective studies. Combinations of antiangiogenic agents either with other similarly acting drugs or as a component of a “cocktail” with other noncytotoxic therapies should be explored in this patient population.
Anisakiasis: a preventable culinary attack on the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: C. Celestino, T. Hirano, R. Sáenz, L. Vargas, J. Gobelet
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

A 42-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency room because of bilious vomiting and intense epigastric pain. She was unable to tolerate liquids and had moderate signs of dehydration. She had eaten raw fish (sushi) the day before. The patient was hospitalized and rehydrated. She stopped vomiting but the epigastric pain was not controlled. She underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy which revealed numerous erosions and ulcers in the gastric body. A parasite with the appearance of an adult Anisakis was found adherent to and penetrating the central part of an ulcer. It was withdrawn with a polypectomy snare. There was a rapid relief of symptoms. The parasitology report identified Anisakis simplex ([Fig. 1]).
Morphologic alterations of the blood-brain barrier with experimental meningitis in the rat. Temporal sequence and role of encapsulation.
Authors: V J Quagliarello, W J Long, W M Scheld
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

The cerebral capillary endothelium is unique and functions as an effective blood-brain barrier (BBB) owing to its intercellular tight junctions and rare pinocytotic vesicles. To assess how bacterial meningitis alters the BBB, rats were inoculated intracisternally with three encapsulated meningeal pathogens (Escherichia coli K1+, Streptococcus pneumoniae type III, Haemophilus influenzae type b) and an unencapsulated mutant strain (H. influenzae Rd). After defined infection durations, the morphologic alterations of the cerebral capillary endothelium were quantitatively assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Results revealed a significant increase in pinocytotic vesicle formation (P less than 0.001) early after meningitis induction (4 h) that was sustained with longer infection durations (10 h, 18 h) for all encapsulated strains tested. In addition, there was a progressive increase in completely separated intercellular junctions with increasing infection duration, (P less than 0.05). 4 h after induction of meningitis with H. influenzae Rd, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) bacterial concentrations, cerebral capillary morphologic changes, and functional BBB permeability to circulating 125I-albumin were similar to those observed with H. influenzae type b. However, prolonging the H. influenzae Rd infection to 18 h allowed for CSF clearance of the organism, thereby precluding the significant increase in separated junctions or progression of functional BBB permeability seen with the encapsulated H. influenzae type b. These data suggest a uniform morphologic explanation for altered BBB permeability in meningitis with a reproducible temporal sequence. Encapsulation does not appear essential for BBB injury, but may facilitate its progression by allowing the organism to evade host clearance.
Expression and localization of human oxytocin receptor mRNA and its protein in chorion and decidua during parturition.
Authors: M Takemura, T Kimura, S Nomura, Y Makino, T Inoue, T Kikuchi, Y Kubota, Y Tokugawa, T Nobunaga, S Kamiura
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Oxytocin (OT) is widely used to induce labor in the clinical setting. However, its physiological role in normal human parturition remains unclear. We demonstrated the enhanced expression of OT receptor (OTR) mRNA in chorio-decidual tissue, using the polymerase chain reaction after the reverse transcriptase reaction (RT-PCR) and Northern blot analysis. OTR gene expression in chorio-decidual tissue increased fivefold during the course of parturition. In situ hybridization of fetal membrane revealed the expression of OTR mRNA in maternally derived decidual cells. The OTR mRNA was also detected in fetally derived chorionic trophoblast cells. Immunohistochemistry, using a newly developed anti-OTR monoclonal antibody, demonstrated the distribution of OTR protein in fetal membrane. The distribution pattern of OTR protein and OTR mRNA was identical, indicating that the regulation of OTR expression occurs mainly at the transcriptional level. These results support the idea that the expression of decidual OTR regulates the initiation and amplification of labor. The implications of these findings with regard to the pathogenesis of preterm labor are also discussed.
Physical Activity and Public Health
Authors: Paul T. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The Special Communication by Dr Pate and colleagues<sup>1</sup>provides an important message to sedentary adults. However, I believe that further explanation is required of their Figures 1 and 2 and the recommendation's contradiction with research that supports more vigorous activity. Their Figure 1 shows a diminishing return in health benefit with increasing exercise level. Measurement of the illustrated curvilinear plot shows a 12-fold greater health benefit from increasing physical activity status in sedentary individuals compared with physically active individuals. "Active" presumably means expending the caloric equivalent of walking 2 miles briskly most days of the week. It can mean no more than that for the horizontal x-axis to be linear, which is essential for the graph to have meaning. I am unaware of any data to support this substantial disparity in benefit. My own study of runners suggests that cardiovascular risk factors are improved as the
A Requirement for DICER to Maintain Full Promoter CpG Island Hypermethylation in Human Cancer Cells
Authors: Angela H. Ting, Hiromu Suzuki, Leslie Cope, Kornel E. Schuebel, Byron H. Lee, Minoru Toyota, Kohzoh Imai, Yasuhisa Shinomura, Takashi Tokino, Stephen B. Baylin
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Promoter hypermethylation is a prevalent phenomenon, found in virtually all cancer types studied thus far, and accounts for tumor suppressor gene silencing in the absence of genetic mutations. The mechanism behind the establishment and maintenance of such aberrant hypermethylation has been under intense study. Here, we have uncovered a link between aberrant gene silencing associated with promoter CpG island DNA methylation and the siRNA/miRNA processing enzyme, DICER, in human cancer cells. By comparing demethylated HCT116 colon cancer cells with HCT116 cells genetically rendered hypomorphic for DICER, we identified a group of epigenetically silenced genes that became reactivated in the absence of functional DICER. This reactivation is associated with a dramatic loss of localized promoter DNA hypermethylation. Thus, intact DICER is required to maintain full promoter DNA hypermethylation of select epigenetically silenced loci in human cancer cells. [Cancer Res 2008;68(8):2570–5]