tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Integrated approach for evaluating species and interindividual differences in responsiveness to dioxins and structural analogs.
Authors: G Clark, A Tritscher, D Bell, G Lucier
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant that is produced inadvertently during the synthesis of some organochlorine compounds, such as the chlorinated phenoxy pesticides. It is biologically and ecologically persistent, with an estimated half-life of 7 years in humans. It possesses high acute toxicity in rodents and is a carcinogen, teratogen, and immunotoxin. In chronic bioassays for carcinogenicity, TCDD at a dose of 10 ng/kg/day increases the incidence of liver tumors in female rats, making it one of the most potent animal carcinogens ever tested. A recent study in humans has shown an increase in the incidence of respiratory tract tumors in workers in chlorinated phenoxy herbicide plants. Considerable controversy and uncertainty remain, however, concerning its carcinogenic potency in humans and the reliability of using animal data to predict human risks. It is generally accepted that most, if not all, of the effects of TCDD require its binding to the Ah receptor. In addition to its toxic effects, TCDD produces a number of biochemical effects, such as induction of CYP1A1, downregulation of binding activity of the estrogen and epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors, and changes in cytokine pathways. These effects suggest that the Ah receptor plays an important role in regulating the cell cycle. A number of structural analogs of TCDD, such as the polychlorinated dibenzofurans, also interact with the Ah receptor, and they produce the same spectrum of responses as TCDD in animal and cell models. The potency of these compounds is strongly correlated with their binding affinity to the Ah receptor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Electrical coupling of isolated cardiomyocyte clusters grown on aligned conductive nanofibrous meshes for their synchronized beating
Authors: Chun-Wen Hsiao, Meng-Yi Bai, Yen Chang, Min-Fan Chung, Ting-Yin Lee, Cheng-Tse Wu, Barnali Maiti, Zi-Xian Liao, Ren-Ke Li, Hsing-Wen Sung
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
Decisive stage foreseen in attack on cancer
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Lewis Thomas, MD, noted in an essay that the present management of cancer—surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy—is representative of a "halfway technology," meaning measures directed at the existence of already-established disease. By comparison, "decisive technology" is an understanding of the ways in which cells become neoplastic. His essay appeared in 1971 (<i>N Engl J Med</i>1971; 285:1366-1368), the year Congress passed the National Cancer Act. That legislation raised public expectations that the defeat of cancer was in sight. Thirteen years after Thomas' essay, the attack on cancer is entering that decisive technological stage. Advances in biomedical technology are making a substantive impact on the cell, normal and abnormal. Likening the cell to the proverbial black box, Vincent T. DeVita, Jr, MD, director of the National Cancer Institute, says: "We could turn it, we could weigh it, we could ponder it, but we could not look inside to really understand it." But,
Does Anesthesia Contribute to Operative Mortality?
Authors: Marsha M. Cohen
Journal: JAMA (1988)

An anesthesia follow-up program (100,000 anesthetics) and vital statistics data were used to assess the role of anesthesia in operative deaths. Four factor groups (patient, surgical, anesthesia, and "other") were assessed by logistic regression analysis to ascertain which variables were predictive of seven-day mortality. Advanced age, male gender, physical status, major surgery, emergency procedure, procedures performed in 1975 to 1979, intraoperative complications, narcotic techniques, and having one or two anesthetic drugs administered were associated with increased mortality, whereas duration of anesthesia, experience of the anesthesiologist, and inhalation techniques were not. Receiver-operator characteristic curves showed no increment in prediction of operative mortality greater than that for patient plus surgical factors when "other" or anesthetic factors were added. Patient and surgical risk factors were much more important in predicting seven-day mortality than the anesthesia factors we studied.
ATL response to arsenic/interferon therapy is triggered by SUMO/PML/RNF4-dependent Tax degradation
Authors: Zeina Dassouki, Umut Sahin, Hiba El Hajj, Florence Jollivet, Youmna Kfoury, Valérie Lallemand-Breitenbach, Olivier Hermine, Hugues de Thé, Ali Bazarbachi
Journal: Blood (2014)
Urine from Patients with Transitional-Cell Carcinoma Stimulates Migration of Capillary Endothelial Cells
Authors: Gerald W. Chodak, Cathy J. Scheiner, Bruce R. Zetter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

THE growth of new capillary blood vessels toward a solid tumor is a process that requires both migration and proliferation of capillary endothelial cells.1 As part of our studies of tumor-capillary inter-actions, we have cultured endothelial cells from bovine and human capillaries.2 Using a new quantitative assay for endothelial-cell migration, we found that neoplastic cells release a substance that stimulates the in vitro migration of capillary endothelial cells.3 On the basis of this observation, we postulated that biologic fluids that bathe tumors in vivo may also contain detectable amounts of a factor that stimulates the migration of capillary endothelial cells. . . .
Detecting diabetic retinopathy
Authors: J C Dean-Hart, C J Burns-Cox
Journal: BMJ (1991)

with an established technique.The harsh reality is that doctors who care for patients must, to provide best possible care, make choices between currently available methods.The comment about 15-27% of peripheral new vessels being outside the field of view of the non-mydriatic camera is woefully misleading.Although these figures do indeed appear in the discussion of the quoted paper they represent an opinion not supported by data.The results of that study include only one case of proliferative retinopathy not correctly classified by nonmydriatic photography, it being reported as severe non-proliferative retinopathy.The possibility of missing such new vessels is indeed to be considered, although the risk seems low.The
Histopathology of early effects of oral cadmium in the rat kidney.
Authors: E Aughey, G S Fell, R Scott, M Black
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Adult male Wistar rats were given 50 ppm Cd in drinking water over a period of 1-24 weeks. The rats were killed and the cadmium concentration of whole blood, blood plasma red cells, liver and kidneys estimated. The plasma metallothionein concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay. Kidney samples were taken for light, transmission and scanning electron microscopic examination. The accumulation of cadmium in the tissues was shown by a linear increase with time, after exposure for 12 weeks. Plasma Cd concentrations showed a clear increase after 3 weeks and preliminary investigation suggests that most is present as Cd-thionein. Early pathological changes in the rat kidney were seen around the 4-6 week period which coincided with the distinct rise in plasma Cd. At 12 weeks, signs of tubular necrosis, interstitial fibrosis and glomerular epithelial cell hypertrophy were present in small areas of the cortex. By 24 weeks, the renal cortex showed clear evidence of tubulo-interstitial nephritis at a Cd concentration of 60 micrograms Cd/g wet weight.
Effect of Folic Acid Supplementation on Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Lydia A. Bazzano, Kristi Reynolds, Kevin N. Holder, Jiang He
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Epidemiologic studies have suggested that folate intake decreases risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, the results of randomized controlled trials on dietary supplementation with folic acid to date have been inconsistent.To evaluate the effects of folic acid supplementation on risk of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality in randomized controlled trials among persons with preexisting cardiovascular or renal disease.Studies were retrieved by searching MEDLINE (January 1966-July 2006) using the Medical Subject Headings cardiovascular disease, coronary disease, coronary thrombosis, myocardial ischemia, coronary stenosis, coronary restenosis, cerebrovascular accident, randomized controlled trial, clinical trials, homofolic acid, and folic acid, and the text words folic acid and folate. Bibliographies of all retrieved articles were also searched, and experts in the field were contacted.From 165 relevant retrieved reports, 12 randomized controlled trials compared folic acid supplementation with either placebo or usual care for a minimum duration of 6 months and with clinical cardiovascular disease events reported as an end point.Data on study design, characteristics of participants, changes in homocysteine levels, and cardiovascular disease outcomes were independently abstracted by 2 investigators using a standardized protocol.Studies including data from 16 958 participants with preexisting vascular disease were analyzed using a random-effects model. The overall relative risks (95% confidence intervals) of outcomes for patients treated with folic acid supplementation compared with controls were 0.95 (0.88-1.03) for cardiovascular diseases, 1.04 (0.92-1.17) for coronary heart disease, 0.86 (0.71-1.04) for stroke, and 0.96 (0.88-1.04) for all-cause mortality. The relative risk was consistent among participants with preexisting cardiovascular or renal disease.Folic acid supplementation has not been shown to reduce risk of cardiovascular diseases or all-cause mortality among participants with prior history of vascular disease. Several ongoing trials with large sample sizes might provide a definitive answer to this important clinical and public health question.
A KNIFE PROTECTOR.
Authors: C. A. VEASEY
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Almost everyone who has had occasion to. employ a Graefe cataract knife or a keratome, has at some time or other had the misfortune to have had the point blunted or the edge dulled by coming in contact with the sides of the dish in which sterilization was being performed, either while the instruments were being sterilized or while the dish containing them was being moved. If one has a rack in which to place all of the delicate cutting eye instruments the above misfortune is not likely to occur. But as a rack is not always to be had when needed, the author has devised an instrument shown in the accompanying diagram, so small as to be easily carried in the instrument case, which will protect the point and edge of the knife while being sterilized or moved about prior to the operation. The device is so well shown
Horizontal gene transfer and the evolution of transcriptional regulation in Escherichia coli
Authors: Price, Morgan N., Dehal, Paramvir S., Arkin, Adam P.
Journal: Genome biology (2008)

Abstract Background Most bacterial genes were acquired by horizontal gene transfer from other bacteria instead of being inherited by continuous vertical descent from an ancient ancestor. To understand how the regulation of these acquired genes evolved, we examined the evolutionary histories of transcription factors and of regulatory interactions from the model bacterium Escherichia coli K12. Results Although most transcription factors have paralogs, these usually arose by horizontal gene transfer rather than by duplication within the E. coli lineage, as previously believed. In general, most neighbor regulators - regulators that are adjacent to genes that they regulate - were acquired by horizontal gene transfer, whereas most global regulators evolved vertically within the γ-Proteobacteria. Neighbor regulators were often acquired together with the adjacent operon that they regulate, and so the proximity might be maintained by repeated transfers (like 'selfish operons'). Many of the as yet uncharacterized (putative) regulators have also been acquired together with adjacent genes, and so we predict that these are neighbor regulators as well. When we analyzed the histories of regulatory interactions, we found that the evolution of regulation by duplication was rare, and surprisingly, many of the regulatory interactions that are shared between paralogs result from convergent evolution. Another surprise was that horizontally transferred genes are more likely than other genes to be regulated by multiple regulators, and most of this complex regulation probably evolved after the transfer. Conclusion Our findings highlight the rapid evolution of niche-specific gene regulation in bacteria.
SIGNIFICANCE OF ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC RIGHT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY IN PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY HYPERTENSION WITH OR WITHOUT RIGHT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION
Authors: Toshiyuki Nagai, Shun Kohsaka, Mitsushige Murata, Shigeo Okuda, Toshihisa Anzai, Toru Sato, Keiichi Fukuda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
The strategy for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis should depend on both the underlying condition and the leukocyte count of patients with hematologic malignancies
Authors: Anne Bergeron, Raphaël Porcher, Annie Sulahian, Cédric de Bazelaire, Karine Chagnon, Emmanuel Raffoux, Anne Vekhoff, Muriel Cornet, Françoise Isnard, Benoit Brethon, Claire Lacroix, Jean Louis Poirot, Claire Bouges, Francis Derouin, Abdellatif Tazi, Patricia Ribaud
Journal: Blood (2011)
Abstract 5348: Characterization of the EZH2-MMSET histone methyltransferase regulatory axis in cancer.
Authors: Irfan A. Asangani, Bushra Ateeq, Qi Cao, Lois Dodson, Mithil Pandhi, Lakshmi P. Kunju, Rohit Mehra, Robert J. Lonigro, Javed Siddiqui, Nallasivam Palanisamy, Yi-Mi Wu, Xuhong Cao, Jung H. Kim, Mathew K. Iyer, Christopher A. Maher, Chandan Kumar-Sinha, Sooryanarayana Varambally, Arul M. Chinnaiyan, Meng Zhao, Zhaohui S. Qin
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Histone methyltransferases (HMTases), as chromatin modifiers, regulate the transcriptomic landscape in normal development as well in diseases such as cancer. Here, we molecularly order two HMTases, EZH2 and MMSET that have established genetic links to oncogenesis. EZH2, which mediates histone H3K27 trimethylation and is associated with gene silencing, was shown to be coordinately expressed and function upstream of MMSET, which mediates H3K36 dimethylation and is associated with active transcription. EZH2 transcript expression levels were compared to all HMTases (n=51) in our compendium of RNA-seq data comprising 474 malignant and benign samples, representing 14 different tissue types. MMSET displayed the strongest correlation with EZH2 expression. Similarly, a meta-analysis of 1755 samples from 22 published microarray gene expression studies in Oncomine revealed co-expression of MMSET and EZH2 in 15 different cancers. We found that the EZH2-MMSET HMTase axis is coordinated by a microRNA network and that the oncogenic functions of EZH2 require MMSET activity. Together, these results suggest that the EZH2-MMSET HMTase axis coordinately functions as a master regulator of transcriptional repression, activation, and oncogenesis and may represent an attractive therapeutic target in cancer. Citation Format: Irfan A. Asangani, Bushra Ateeq, Qi Cao, Lois Dodson, Mithil Pandhi, Lakshmi P. Kunju, Rohit Mehra, Robert J. Lonigro, Javed Siddiqui, Nallasivam Palanisamy, Yi-Mi Wu, Xuhong Cao, Jung H. Kim, Mathew K. Iyer, Christopher A. Maher, Chandan Kumar-Sinha, Sooryanarayana Varambally, Arul M. Chinnaiyan, Meng Zhao, Zhaohui S. Qin. Characterization of the EZH2-MMSET histone methyltransferase regulatory axis in cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5348. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5348
Finance and the Health Service
Authors: A. N. Harris
Journal: BMJ (1974)

should some mischance happen related to our failure to follow the directives closely.If the Davies Report is implemented we shall have to take it seriously in order to protect ourselves and it will in effect en- force a work to rule.In short, it is possible to welcome this document on the grounds that it will force a major reconsideration of the service as a whole and it is possible to see circumstances where this could be of advan:age to the profession and our patients.I find it interesting that the report should have eauated the words complaint and advice.I am afraid that all the authorities I have consulted give these words very different meanings.-Iam, etc.,
Contact Investigations and the Continued Commitment to Control Tuberculosis
Authors: Janet C. Mohle-Boetani
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Freezing of Human Bodies
Authors: Theodore I. Malinin
Journal: JAMA (1972)

New developments in the field of medical research sometimes go unnoticed and lie dormant for a number of years or are rapidly translated into clinical practice. At times, sound laboratory findings gain popularity outside of medical circles and, mainly through misinterpretation, attempts are made by the layman to translate the findings into practical applications. This seems to be the case with some aspects of cryobiology. Periodically, attention is given in the popular press to various organizations associated with the "cryonics" movement, which advocate freezing of dead human bodies rather than burying them in a customary fashion. The bodies are being frozen with a promise of an indefinite preservation, the procedure justified by a statement that, even if resuscitation from the frozen state will not be possible in the future, there is nothing to be lost by subjecting a body to freezing rather than burial. The point about "nothing to lose"
Addenda to Drug Guidelines
Authors: WILLIAM M. BENNETT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1977Addenda to Drug GuidelinesWILLIAM M. BENNETT, M.D.WILLIAM M. BENNETT, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-87-6-794_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I am writing to you on our article, "Guidelines for Drug Therapy in Renal Failure" published in the June issue (Ann Intern Med 86:754-783, 1977). In looking over the tables I have discovered that the drug tobramycin was inadvertently omitted under the category of aminoglycoside antibiotics in Table 1. Because this drug is widely used, perhaps the recommendations for this drug should be published in the "Letters" section. The pertinent information follows.Tobramycin has a major route of excretion (renal). The half-life, under normal circumstances, is 2 h and with end-stage renal disease is extended to 24... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: WILLIAM M. BENNETT, M.D.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1977Volume 87, Issue 6Page: 794-794KeywordsAntibioticsDrug therapyDrugsExcretionHalf lifeRenal failure ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...
Echocardiographic measurements in normal subjects from infancy to old age.
Authors: W L Henry, J M Gardin, J H Ware
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Echocardiographic data from 92 younger normal subjects (1 month to 23 years of age) and 136 older normal subjects (20-97 years of age) were pooled and analyzed to obtain prediction equations for normal echocardiographic values. Using a bivariate regression model with the assumption that variability is constant as a percentage of the expected value, we developed regression equation and graphs that allow calculation of a 95% prediction interval for several echocardiographic measurements as a function of the subject's age and either body weight or body surface area. Body weight could be substituted for body surface area with no loss of precision. Further, examination of residuals showed that the linear prediction model fit well for all ages and all echocardiographic measurements studied. The measurements were obtained using the recently published standards recommended by the American Society of Echocardiography.
Ionising radiation in infancy and adult cognitive function
Authors: Rainer Fogelholm
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Editor—Hall et al did not give a detailed description of the patients they studied; the boys had cutaneous haemangiomas in the head region, and they were in 1930-59 younger than 18 months.1

How many of these boys had Sturge-Weber syndrome with cutaneous and cerebral haemangiomas? In a typical case the cutaneous lesions are in the territory of the trigeminal nerve and the cerebral in the hemispheral cortex of the same side, but there are many variations. The neurological symptoms, if present, include epileptic seizures, hemiparesis, and some mental retardation. Cortical calcifications may be seen on skull radiography.

Possible cortical haemangioma was not diagnosed at the time of radiation. In 1930-59 none of the current neuroradiological examinations was available, and skull radiography, if performed, was of little help because cortical calcifications are rare at such a young age.

The study found an inverse association between the estimated radiation dose and high school attendance, and frontal radiation dose and military test results. In Sturge-Weber syndrome the cutaneous lesions are predominantly in the forehead, and the sizes of the cutaneous and cortical lesions are often correlated. Therefore, large frontal doses of radiation are likely to be associated with larger cerebral cortical lesions.

Sturge-Weber syndrome may have affected only some of the boys who had radiation treatment for cranial haemangiomas, but it could explain the poorer (mean) results in both high school attendance and military tests. This probability should be examined before frightening lay readers more about the hazards of computed tomography and x ray examinations.