tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Significance of Spontaneous Echo Contrast in the Thoracic Aorta: Relation With Accelerated Clinical Progression of Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Eric H Steinberg, Lori Madmon, Helen Wesolowsky, Efrain A Feliciano, Michael P Sanfilipo, Steven P Sedlis, Aaron J Gindea, Aaron J Marcus, Itzhak Kronzon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)

The purposes of this study were to identify the incidence of aortic smoke in an unselected cohort of patients and to determine the utility of this measurement as a clinical marker for future coronary events and long-term cardiac prognosis.Although spontaneous echo contrast detected within the cardiac chambers has been associated with an increased risk of thromboembolism, less is known about "smoke" within the thoracic aorta and its relation to progression of coronary artery disease.We prospectively assessed 118 unselected, consecutive male patients (mean age 67 years, range 29 to 86) who underwent transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The presence of aortic smoke was identified by swirling echodense shadows distinct from high gain artifact. A positive result required confirmation by two of three independent observers.Aortic smoke without dissection was found in 25 of the patients (21%). Indications for TEE, coronary risk factors, the incidence of reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and mitral insufficiency and known coronary artery disease severity collectively did not differ significantly at baseline between the groups with and without smoke. Follow-up averaged 20.4 months (range 18 to 24) and was 100% complete for mortality and 98% complete for morbidity. The presence of aortic smoke was an independent predictor of myocardial infarction (16.0% vs. 2.2%, p < 0.005) and cardiac death (20.0% vs. 1.1%, p < 0.0001). These statistics remained significant after covarying for age, ejection fraction < 50%, hypertension, diabetes, aortic dimension, the presence of an atheromatous plaque and smoke in the left atrium.Spontaneous echo contrast detected within the thoracic aorta by transesophageal echocardiography is a common and important clinical marker that is strongly associated with an increased risk for future myocardial infarction and cardiac mortality. Future studies will attempt to define the pathophysiology of this relation and assess whether aggressive revascularization strategies and antithrombotic therapy may aid in the reduction of this risk.
Core Biopsies of Renal Tumors: A Study on Diagnostic Accuracy, Interobserver, and Intraobserver Variability
Authors: Intan Kümmerlin, Fiebo ten Kate, Frank Smedts, Thomas Horn, Ferran Algaba, Isabel Trias, J. de la Rosette, M. Pilar Laguna
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Comparison of Fluorescein and Rose Bengal Staining
Authors: Robert P.G. Feenstra, Scheffer C.G. Tseng
Journal: Ophthalmology (1992)

The authors have recently reported that rose bengal is not a vital dye, and stains whenever the cultured cells are not covered by such components as albumin and mucin, and such a tear substitute as carboxycellulose. In this report, using cultured cells as well as normal rabbit corneas, they characterize and correlate the staining differences between rose bengal and fluorescein with the differences in their chemical structures. Fluorescein differs from rose bengal in its lack of intrinsic toxicity, photodynamic action, and ability to be blocked by the above-mentioned substances. Fluorescein staining is increased by rapid stromal diffusion and hence can manifest whenever there is disruption of cell-cell junctions. In contrast, rose bengal staining ensues whenever there is deficiency of preocular tear film protection. These experimental data may help interpret the clinical staining properties of these two dyes and enhance the understanding of the pathogenesis of various ocular surface disorders.
Evaluation of Annual Examinations in the Detection of Cancer
Authors: Conrad B. Jenson
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Results of 33,224 examinations of 9,123 patients were analyzed in a search for factors that might be especially helpful in the early diagnosis of various forms of cancer. A total of 163 cases of cancer of the breast, stomach, large intestine, prostate, ovary, and uterus were thus studied. There was no significant difference in the symptoms, signs, or laboratory findings leading to the identification of malignancies in patients at their first examination as compared with later yearly reexaminations. A marked decrease in the incidence of cancer of the rectum was noted in patients seen at yearly intervals. In 15 of 21 cases of cancer of the breast the tumor nodule had not been noticed by the patient. These facts suggest that yearly examinations can bring about the earlier detection of cancer and lead to the more frequent removal of precancerous lesions.
Experimental rhinovirus (RV) infection increases the activity of human tissue kallikrein (hTK) in the BAL fluid of allergic subjects
Authors: S.C. Christiansen, J. Eddleston, G.R. Jenkins, R.B. Sarnoff, S.S. Chambers, J.M. Gwaltney, B.L. Zuraw
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
Self-Induced Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Brian M. Boni
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  Self-induced illnesses, including self-mutilation, drug overdoses, and suicidal behavior, have been reported among prisoners, mental retardates, patients with Lesch-Nyhan and DeLange's syndromes, psychotic and neurotic persons, and those intoxicated with LSD. To our knowledge, no outbreak of a self-induced infectious disease has previously been reported. The following account describes such an outbreak.  From October through December 1976, an outbreak of keratoconjunctivitis occurred at a northern California correctional facility for boys. The institution houses some 1,000 youths, aged 16 to 23 years, in residence halls of around 40 boys each. Fifteen out of the total 20 cases of keratoconjunctivitis occurred among residents of one hall.  The index case was a 19-year-old in whom left-sided conjunctivitis developed on Oct 7, a few days after returning from a one-day visit home. By Nov 13 another ten boys had keratoconjunctivitis, and by Dec 30 a total of 20 boys and three
VALIDATION OF INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND DERIVED PARAMETERS WITH FRACTIONAL FLOW RESERVE FOR ASSESSMENT OF CORONARY STENOSIS SEVERITY
Authors: Soo-Jin Kang, Jong-Young Lee, Jung-Min Ahn, Gary S. Mintz, Won-Jang Kim, Duk-Woo Park, Sung-Cheol Yun, Seung-Whan Lee, Young-Hak Kim, Cheol Whan Lee, Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Abstract 4027: Regulation of p16INK4A and TGF-beta by DNA hydroxymethylation in glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Anthony P. Popkie, Ana C. deCarvalho, Stephanie B. Scott, Emily E. Eugster, David Monsma, Paula J. Davidson, Dylewski Dawna, Marie R. Mooney, Noel R. Monks, Tom Mikkelsen, Craig P. Webb
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most prevalent form of primary brain cancer in adults. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to drive the growth and metastasis of tumors, and are readily isolated from GBM patient tumors. These GBM CSCs are maintained under serum-free conditions in neurosphere media, and form tumors upon orthotopic injection in mice. However, when grown in the presence of serum, GBM CSCs undergo morphological changes, have reduced proliferation, exhibit loss of stem cell markers, and have reduced tumorigenicity following orthotopic implantation into the brains of immune compromised mice. Upon return to serum-free neurosphere media, these GBM CSCs revert to neurospheres. We set out to define the transcriptional incongruities between these culture condition-dependent states, and the underlying epigenetic changes which regulate these differences in gene expression. Although genetic alterations in cancer are irreversible, epigenetic changes are inherently reversible, and we hypothesize that the plasticity between culture condition-dependent states is mediated by epigenetic regulation of genes relevant to the ability of these cells to form tumors. Recently, a novel epigenetic mark, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), has been shown to be enriched at regulatory elements within polycomb target genes in embryonic stem cells, and is frequently found at genes that are involved in the maintenance of stem cells. We found that 5hmC levels of several polycomb target genes, including p16INK4A and several components of the TGF-beta pathway involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), are altered in neurospheres compared to CSCs cultured in serum. Loss of p16INK4A expression has recently been associated with increased CSC abundance in breast cancer, and our results suggest that a similar trend exists in GBM. Furthermore, our results suggest that 5hmC is involved in the regulation of polycomb target genes in CSCs, including p16INK4A and components of the TGF-beta pathway. These findings implicate 5hmC in the maintenance of CSCs and regulation of EMT. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4027. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4027
Do school exams predict doctors' success?: Career achievements are not only measure
Authors: N. Myerson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—McManus et al studied A levels and intelligence as predictors of medical careers in UK doctors.1 It is important to know that A levels as a test of academic achievement can predict a successful career in medicine. The authors measured career success as more rapid career progression, greater research output, and opting for hospital based practice. As …
Colorectal Mini-De Novo Carcinoma: A Reality in Germany Too
Authors: M. Stolte, B. Bethke
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

Based on Japanese case studies, we examined whether colorectal mini-de novo carcinoma also occurs outside Japan. We defined mini-de novo carcinomas as carcinomas infiltrating the submucosa, with a maximum diameter of 10 mm, and with no evidence of precursive adenomatous tissue.Between 1988 and 1994, we diagnosed carcinomas of this type in polypectomy and surgical resection specimens from 155 patients. These mini-de novo carcinomas did not differ from carcinomas arising from adenomas in terms of patient age (median 67.1 years), sex distribution (men: women 0.96:1), or location--they occurred primarily in the sigmoid (53%) and rectum (27.3%).Most of the mini-de novo carcinomas were macroscopically of the polypoid type (59.4%); flat, elevated carcinomas were also relatively frequent, including those with a central concave depression (21.9%) and those without a depression (12.3%). Histologically, all of the lesions without exception were adenocarcinomas (grade 1: 28.4%, grade 2: 65.8%, grade 3: 5.8%). There was carcinomatous invasion of submucosal lymphatic or blood vessels in 20%.Our analysis shows that colorectal mini-de novo carcinoma is not a purely Japanese phenomenon, and that these carcinomas are being diagnosed with increasing frequency as the awareness of their existence and macroscopic growth characteristics increases.
TB activists at world conference boo Indian minister off stage
Authors: C. Travasso
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>Background and importance</h3> The global increase in antimicrobial resistance makes it necessary to establish local protocols for the empirical treatment of the different syndromes in hospitals to preserve and optimise the use of antibiotics as much as possible. <h3>Aim and objectives</h3> To assess the adequacy of the prescription and the degree of compliance with the ‘protocol of antibiotherapy in intra-abdominal infection (PIAI)’ in a regional hospital. <h3>Material and methods</h3> This was a retrospective observational study including patients with abdominal infection treated with antibiotics from May to December 2019. Patients with antibiotic prophylaxis were excluded. In February 2019, the PIAI was approved. The variables included were: age, sex, type of infectious syndrome, prescribed antibiotic, type of therapy (empirical/targeted), need for adjustment to renal function and samples collected for microbiological cultures (MC). Three criteria were established for non-compliance with the protocol: indication, dose and duration. We also recorded: patients with unsuitable prescriptions, reason for non-compliance and pharmaceutical interventions. When the protocol was breached, the pharmacist notified the doctor through an electronic prescription alert system. <h3>Results</h3> 65 patients were included (50.8% men) with a median age of 59 years (range 19–95). 38.46% had acute cholecystitis, 16.92% acute diverticulitis, 12.31% acute appendicitis, 4.62% secondary peritonitis, 4.62% surgical wound infection, 3.08% intra-abdominal abscess, 3.08% perianal abscess, 3.08% acute cholangitis, 1.54% acute pancreatitis and 12% other infections. 82 antibiotics were prescribed (amoxicillin/clavulanic 40.2%, piperacillin/tazobactam 26.8%, imipenem/cylastine 9.8%, ertapenem 7.3%, ciprofloxacin+metronidazole 7.3%, and other antibiotics 8.6%). One patient required adjustment to renal function. The average duration of treatment was 7.82 days (SD 4.87). 87.7% of patients received empirical treatment and samples were collected for MC in 17 patients. The degree of adequacy was 76.3%. 21 cases of inadequacy were identified (long duration=9, incorrect selection=8, incorrect dose=1). 21 pharmaceutical recommendations were recorded. The predominant infectious syndromes in protocol breaches were: 41.2% acute cholecystitis and 29.4% acute diverticulitis. Distribution of unsuitable antibiotics was: piperacillin/tazobactam 41.2%; amoxicillin/clavulanic 23.5%; ciprofloxacin +metronidazole 17.6%; imipenem/cylastine 11.8%; and ertapenem 5.9%. <h3>Conclusion and relevance</h3> The adequacy of the prescription to protocol was good. Excessive duration and selection of antibiotics were the main causes of inadequacy. Pharmaceutical validation is essential to promote optimisation and rational use of antibiotics in hospitals. Subsequent and periodic studies are needed to monitor adequacy time. <h3>References and/or acknowledgements</h3> <h3>Conflict of interest</h3> No conflict of interest
Broad scope method for creating humanized animal models for animal health and disease research through antibiotic treatment and human fecal transfer
Authors: Korry J Hintze, James E Cox, Giovanni Rompato, Abby D Benninghoff, Robert E Ward, Jeff Broadbent, Michael Lefevre
Journal: Gut Microbes (2014)

Traditionally, mouse humanization studies have used human fecal transfer to germ-free animals. This practice requires gnotobiotic facilities and is restricted to gnotobiotic mouse lines, which limits humanized mouse research. We have developed a generalizable method to humanize non germ-free mice using antibiotic treatment and human fecal transfer. The method involves depleting resident intestinal microbiota with broad-spectrum antibiotics, introducing human microbiota from frozen fecal samples by weekly gavage, and maintaining mice in HEPA-filtered microisolator cages. Pyrosequencing cecal microbiota 16S rRNA genes showed that recipient mice adopt a humanized microbiota profile analogous to their human donors, and distinct from mice treated with only antibiotics (no fecal transfer) or untreated control mice. In the humanized mice, 75% of the sequence mass was observed in their respective human donor and conversely, 68% of the donor sequence mass was recovered in the recipient mice. Principal component analyses of GC- and HPLC-separated cecal metabolites were performed to determine effects of transplanted microbiota on the metabolome. Cecal metabolite profiles of mice treated with only antibiotics (no fecal transfer) and control mice were dissimilar from each other and from humanized mice. Metabolite profiles for mice humanized from different donor samples clustered near each other, yet were sufficiently distinct that separate clusters were apparent for each donor. Also, cecal concentrations of 57 metabolites were significantly different between humanization treatments. These data demonstrate that our protocol can be used to humanize non germ-free mice and is sufficiently robust to generate metabolomic differences between mice humanized from different human donors.
Temsirolimus Inhibits Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Growth In Vitro and In Vivo: Synergism with Chemotherapy
Authors: Mir Alireza Hoda, Amir Mohamed, Bahil Ghanim, Martin Filipits, Balazs Hegedus, Masaya Tamura, Judit Berta, Bernd Kubista, Balazs Dome, Michael Grusch, Ulrike Setinek, Michael Micksche, Walter Klepetko, Walter Berger
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
SHOULDER AND ELBOW LESIONS OF THE PROFESSIONAL BASEBALL PITCHER
Authors: GEORGE E. BENNETT
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Every nation or tribe has a favorite sport in which its people often have more interest than they do in the many more serious vocations of life. The Americans, therefore, being no different from other peoples, have their own particular national sport—the American game of baseball. It has been my good fortune to study our pastime from many angles—as a player, as a fan and as a physician who has endeavored to rehabilitate or advise professional and amateur players. Of all the members of a ball team, the pitcher is the hero and the player on whom most depends. On many occasions I have been asked to designate the type of shoulder lesion that is disabling to the professional baseball pitcher. My answer has always been that the professional pitcher is subject to all the disabilities of the shoulder to which the average person is, namely subacromial and subdeltoid bursitis,
Increased mortality in patients with the lupus anticoagulant: the Vienna Lupus Anticoagulant and Thrombosis Study (LATS)
Authors: Johanna Gebhart, Florian Posch, Silvia Koder, Thomas Perkmann, Peter Quehenberger, Claudia Zoghlami, Cihan Ay, Ingrid Pabinger
Journal: Blood (2015)
Neither intestinal sequestration of bile acids nor common bile duct ligation modulate the expression and function of the rat ileal bile acid transporter
Authors: Marco Arrese, Michael Trauner, Robert J. Sacchiero, Michael W. Crossman, Benjamin L. Shneider
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

The regulatory responses of bile acid (BA) transport in the terminal ileum to perturbations in BA homeostasis are complex, and conflicting results have been reported by different investigators. These studies were designed to examine the response of this system to a reduction in ileal bile salt concentrations at both a functional and molecular level. Common bile duct ligation (BDL) or feeding of a novel bile acid-binding compound, GT31-104HB, for 7 days were used to reduce ileal apical membrane bile salt flux. Apical bile acid transport function was assessed by examining sodium-dependent uptake of [ 3 H]-taurocholate (TC) into brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV). Expression of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) and the ileal lipid-binding protein (ILBP) were assessed by Western blotting with quantitation using [ 125 I]-labeled secondary antibody and a phosphorimager. Neither common BDL nor intestinal sequestration of BA led to a change in ileal bile acid transport function or the expression of the ASBT or the ILBP. These results indicate that a reduction in presentation of bile salts to the apical surface of the terminal ileum does not modulate the expression of the genes involved in their transport.
A Couple With Infertility
Authors: John A. Collins
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>Dr Daley</h3> : Mrs B is a 32-year-old paralegal. Married for 5 years to Mr B, a 32-year-old manager, they have been trying to conceive since 1992. They are both members of a health maintenance organization and live in Massachusetts, where health insurance coverage of infertility and advanced reproductive technologies is mandated by the state. In good health, Mrs B has never been pregnant and used oral contraceptives for 4 years before attempting pregnancy. Her menarche was at 12 years of age, with her cycles occurring every 28 days, lasting 4 days, with spotting between day 22 and day 25. In July 1993, after 1 year of attempting to conceive, the patient was referred by her primary physician to an infertility specialist. Mrs and Mr B then sought care from Dr T, another infertility specialist. Mrs B's past medical history is unremarkable except for a family history of fibrocystic breast disease.
A functional neo-centromere formed through activation of a latent human centromere and consisting of non-alpha-satellite DNA
Authors: Desirée du Sart, Michael R. Cancilla, Elizabeth Earle, Jen-i Mao, Richard Saffery, Kellie M. Tainton, Paul Kalitsis, John Martyn, Alyssa E. Barry, K. H. Andy Choo
Journal: Nature Genetics (1997)
Placebo-Controlled Trial of Cytisine for Smoking Cessation
Authors: Robert West, Witold Zatonski, Magdalena Cedzynska, Dorota Lewandowska, Joanna Pazik, Paul Aveyard, John Stapleton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

Cytisine, a partial agonist that binds with high affinity to the α(4)β(2) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, is a low-cost treatment that may be effective in aiding smoking cessation. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of cytisine as compared with placebo.We conducted a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Participants were randomly assigned to receive cytisine or matching placebo for 25 days; participants in both groups received a minimal amount of counseling during the study. The primary outcome measure was sustained, biochemically verified smoking abstinence for 12 months after the end of treatment. Of 1542 adult smokers screened, 740 were enrolled and 370 were randomly assigned to each study group.The rate of sustained 12-month abstinence was 8.4% (31 participants) in the cytisine group as compared with 2.4% (9 participants) in the placebo group (difference, 6.0 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7 to 9.2; P=0.001). The 7-day point prevalence for abstinence at the 12-month follow-up was 13.2% in the cytisine group versus 7.3% in the placebo group (P=0.01). Gastrointestinal adverse events were reported more frequently in the cytisine group (difference, 5.7 percentage points; 95% CI, 1.2 to 10.2).In this single-center study, cytisine was more effective than placebo for smoking cessation. The lower price of cytisine as compared with that of other pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation may make it an affordable treatment to advance smoking cessation globally.