tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE RELATION OF THE CLINICAL LABORATORY TO THE PRACTITIONER OF MEDICINE.ORATION ON MEDICINE AT THE FIFTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL SESSION OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, ATLANTIC CITY, JUNE 4-7, 1907.
Authors: JAMES B. HERRICK
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The change that has been brought about in our conception of disease and in the manner of its detection through the discovery and invention of instruments and methods of precision and the application of improved laboratory technic is one of the most striking characteristics of the marvelous advance in medicine of the last half century. To realize what this means, think for a moment how comparatively helpless we should be were we suddenly deprived of bacteriologic aid in diagnosis with its attendant specific serum reactions; of the improvements in technic of the last fifty years in the way of microscopy, stains, section-cutting, etc.; of the study of the corpuscles of the blood and the estimation of its hemoglobin; of our knowledge of the chemistry of the stomach; of the cytologic, bacteriologic, chemical and physical facts concerning normal and pathologic fluids of the body; of the means of measuring blood pressure;
Interphalangeal Osteoarthritis Radiographic Simplified (iOARS) score: a radiographic method to detect osteoarthritis of the interphalangeal finger joints based on its histopathological alterations
Authors: Ilse-Gerlinde Sunk, Love Amoyo-Minar, Tanja Stamm, Stefanie Haider, Birgit Niederreiter, Gabriela Supp, Afschin Soleiman, Franz Kainberger, Josef S Smolen, Klaus Bobacz
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Objective</h3> To develop a radiographic score for assessment of hand osteoarthritis (OA) that is based on histopathological alterations of the distal (DIP) and proximal (PIP) interphalangeal joints. <h3>Methods</h3> DIP and PIP joints were obtained from corpses (n=40). Plain radiographies of these joints were taken. Joint samples were prepared for histological analysis; cartilage damage was graded according to the Mankin scoring system. A 2×2 Fisher9s exact test was applied to define those radiographic features most likely to be associated with histological alterations. Receiver operating characteristic curves were analysed to determine radiographic thresholds. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) estimated intra- and inter-reader variability. Spearman9s correlation was applied to examine the relationship between our score and histopathological changes. Differences between groups were determined by a Student9s t test. <h3>Results</h3> The Interphalangeal Osteoarthritis Radiographic Simplified (iOARS) score is presented. The score is based on histopathological changes of DIP and PIP joints and follows a simple dichotomy whether OA is present or not. The iOARS score relies on three equally ranked radiographic features (osteophytes, joint space narrowing and subchondral sclerosis). For both DIP and PIP joints, the presence of one x-ray features reflects interphalangeal OA. Sensitivity and specificity for DIP joints were 92.3% and 90.9%, respectively, and 75% and 100% for PIP joints. All readers were able to reproduce their own readings in DIP and PIP joints after 4 weeks. The overall agreement between the three readers was good; ICCs ranged from 0.945 to 0.586. Additionally, outcomes of the iOARS score in a hand OA cohort revealed a higher prevalence of interphalangeal joint OA compared with the Kellgren and Lawrence score. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The iOARS score is uniquely based on histopathological alterations of the interphalangeal joints in order to reliably determine OA of the DIP and PIP joints radiographically. Its high specificity and sensitivity together with the dichotomous approach renders the iOARS score reliable, fast to perform and easy to apply. This tool may not only be valuable in daily clinical practice but also in clinical and epidemiological trials.
Impaired Synapse Function during Postnatal Development in the Absence of CALEB, an EGF-like Protein Processed by Neuronal Activity
Authors: René Ju¨ttner, Margret I. Moré, Debashish Das, Aleksei Babich, Jochen Meier, Mechthild Henning, Bettina Erdmann, Eva-Christiana Mu¨ller, Albrecht Otto, Rosemarie Grantyn, Fritz G. Rathjen
Journal: Neuron (2005)
Enhancement by Hydrocortisone of Mouse Hepatitis Virus Replication in Primary Macrophage Cultures.
Authors: Seymour M. Sabesin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967Enhancement by Hydrocortisone of Mouse Hepatitis Virus Replication in Primary Macrophage Cultures.Seymour M. Sabesin, M.D., Dharam V. Datta, M.D., Kurt J. Isselbacher, M.D.Seymour M. Sabesin, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Dharam V. Datta, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Kurt J. Isselbacher, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1048_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAlthough corticosteroids are sometimes used in the treatment of viral hepatitis, there is considerable experimental evidence that cortisone adversely affects the susceptibility of mice to viral hepatitis.To better understand the mechanism of corticosteroid action on hepatitis viruses, studies were performed in tissue culture using mouse peritoneal macrophages, as host cells, since macrophages may control the susceptibility of the liver to viral infection by regulating the entry of viruses into the target organ. The effects of hydrocortisone on mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) infection were evaluated by observing the onset and severity of cytopathogenic changes (CPE) and by biochemically quantitating the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Boston, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1048-1048KeywordsCellsHepatitisHepatitis virusesInfectious hepatitisLiverMacrophagesTissue cultures Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Two Cases of Locked Twins
Authors: S. K. el Deiry
Journal: BMJ (1960)

Evidence of hypertension was found in 31% of adult Jamaicans coming to necropsy, but no conclusion regarding the incidence of hypertension in the general population can be drawn from this finding.The ratio of presumed renal (38%) to essential hypertension (62%) was high.Pyelonephritis was the commonest lesion.Hypertension was concerned in the death of 20% of Jamaicans coming to necropsy.I thank Professor G. Bras and Dr. W.
Associations between the Quality of the Residential Built Environment and Pregnancy Outcomes among Women in North Carolina
Authors: Marie Lynn Miranda, Lynne C. Messer, Gretchen L. Kroeger
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

The built environment, a key component of environmental health, may be an important contributor to health disparities, particularly for reproductive health outcomes.In this study we investigated the relationship between seven indices of residential built environment quality and adverse reproductive outcomes for the City of Durham, North Carolina (USA).We surveyed approximately 17,000 residential tax parcels in central Durham, assessing > 50 individual variables on each. These data, collected using direct observation, were combined with tax assessor, public safety, and U.S. Census data to construct seven indices representing important domains of the residential built environment: housing damage, property disorder, security measures, tenure (owner or renter occupied), vacancy, crime count, and nuisance count. Fixed-slope random-intercept multilevel models estimated the association between the residential built environment and five adverse birth outcomes. Models were adjusted for maternal characteristics and clustered at the primary adjacency community unit, defined as the index block, plus all adjacent blocks that share any portion of a line segment (block boundary) or vertex.Five built environment indices (housing damage, property disorder, tenure, vacancy, and nuisance count) were associated with each of the five outcomes in the unadjusted context: preterm birth, small for gestational age (SGA), low birth weight (LBW), continuous birth weight, and birth weight percentile for gestational age (BWPGA; sex-specific birth weight distributions for infants delivered at each gestational age using National Center for Health Statistics referent births for 2000-2004). However, some estimates were attenuated after adjustment. In models adjusted for individual-level covariates, housing damage remained statistically significantly associated with SGA, birth weight, and BWPGA.This work suggests a real and meaningful relationship between the quality of the residential built environment and birth outcomes, which we argue are a good measure of general community health.
Effect of zinc supplementation on incidence of infections and hospital admissions in sickle cell disease (SCD)
Authors: Ananda S. Prasad, Frances W.J. Beck, Joseph Kaplan, Pranatharthi H. Chandrasekar, Jesus Ortega, James T. Fitzgerald, Paul Swerdlow
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1999)

Zinc deficiency is a common nutritional problem in adult sickle-cell disease (SCD) patients. Hyperzincuria and increased requirement of zinc due to continued hemolysis in SCD are probable bases for zinc deficiency in these patients. Zinc deficiency affects adversely T-helper1 (TH1) functions and cell mediated immunity and interleukin (IL)-2 production is decreased in zinc deficient subjects. We hypothesized that zinc supplementation will improve T-helper1 function and decrease incidence of infections in patients with SCD. We tested this hypothesis in 32 SCD subjects who were divided in three groups (Grs A, B, and C). Grs A (n = 11) and B (n = 10) were zinc deficient based on cellular zinc criteria and Gr C (n = 11) were zinc sufficient. Gr A subjects were observed for 1 year (baseline), following which they received zinc acetate (50 to 75 mg of elemental zinc orally daily) for 3 years. Gr B subjects were observed for 1 year (baseline), following which they received placebo for 1 year and then switched to zinc supplementation (50 to 75 mg of elemental zinc orally daily) for 2 years. Gr C subjects did not receive any intervention inasmuch as they were zinc sufficient. Prolonged zinc supplementation resulted in an increase in lymphocyte and granulocyte zinc (P = 0.0001), and an increase in interleukin-2 production (P = 0.0001), decreased incidence of documented bacteriologically positive infections (P = 0.0026), decreased number of hospitalizations and decreased number of vaso-occlusive pain crisis (P = 0.0001). The predominant pathogens isolated were staphylococci and streptococci involving the respiratory tract and aerobic gram-negative bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli, involving the urinary tract. Further confirmation of our observations will require prospective studies of zinc supplementation in a larger number of SCD patients.
Gastroenterology: Clinical Science and Practice
Authors: Phillip M. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1995)

For the second edition of the two-volume<i>Gastroenterology: Clinical Science and Practice</i>, the editors, who are from the United Kingdom, have assembled a large and learned group of international contributors, many chosen for their understanding of the new material presented. Previous contributors who are no longer in clinical practice have been replaced, so that the text is a tool for clinicians written by clinicians. I had the opportunity to review the first edition, which was published as a single volume in 1984, for<i>JAMA</i>. Some of the chapters are completely reorganized. "Gall Bladder and Biliary Tract" is at the interface between gastroenterology and hepatobiliary disease. The liver is omitted, while the pancreas is discussed in one chapter. The relationship of<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>to upper gastrointestinal tract disease, which was not mentioned in the first edition, is among some of the new material presented. Information about its role in gastritis, recurrent
To Inform or Persuade? Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs
Authors: Ernst R. Berndt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Merck's withdrawal of rofecoxib from the market last September and Pfizer's announcement in December of possible cardiac risks associated with high doses of celecoxib reignited long-simmering controversies regarding drug promotion, in part because both cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors have been heavily marketed directly to consumers. Indeed, after discussion with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Pfizer suspended all direct-to-consumer advertising of celecoxib. Adding fuel to the fire is class-action litigation filed against AstraZeneca alleging that its direct-to-consumer advertising misrepresents the superiority of its proton-pump inhibitor esomeprazole over less expensive alternatives.Although the information made public in these cases is probably incomplete, these . . .
Cellular mechanism of the functional refractory period in ventricular muscle.
Authors: B M Ramza, R C Tan, T Osaka, R W Joyner
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

A premature action potential elicited in ventricular muscle during the functional refractory period of a preceding action potential requires an increased stimulus intensity for successful propagation. We measured the cellular basis for these relative decreases in tissue excitability during the recovery phase by performing parallel experiments on rabbit left papillary muscle and isolated rabbit ventricular cells in addition to conducting theoretical studies with numerical simulations of action potential initiation. For each experimental preparation, the pacing protocol consisted of a train of 10 stimuli (S1) at an S1-S1 interval of 500 msec with a premature stimulus (S2) of variable S1-S2 intervals following the tenth S1 action potential. The stimulus threshold for initiation of an S2 action potential (I2) was then measured as a function of the time of occurrence of the S2 stimulus relative to the time of 95% repolarization of the tenth S1 action potential (stimulus delay [SD] time). In the tissue preparation, the I2 increased sharply for SD times less than 0 msec to a value that was 100% above the S1 stimulus threshold for SD time = -5 +/- 2.4 msec (n = 8). Similar experiments on the isolated ventricular cell showed no increases in I2 as a function of SD time but rather significant decreases in both the action potential amplitude (APA) and the maximum rate of rise of the action potential upstroke (Vmax) of the S2 action potential. The APA and Vmax for the S2 action potential were decreased to 50% of the S1 action potential values for SD time = -5.2 +/- 2.1 msec and SD time = 0.3 +/- 1.6 msec, respectively (n = 8). Both parameters reached 100% recovery by SD time = 10 msec. These results and our numerical simulations are consistent with the hypothesis that the decreases in tissue excitability that occur with premature stimulation have a cellular mechanism as a result of a decrease in cellular responsiveness (APA, Vmax) rather than an intrinsic decrease in cellular excitability.
Hypopituitarism in normal-pressure hydrocephalus.
Authors: S G Barber, N Garvan
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Hypothalamic hypopituitarism has been associated with the intermittent intracranial hypertension of "normal-pressure" hydrocephalus. Six patients with this condition were studied endocrinologically; five showed evidence of hypothalamohypophyseal insufficiency, and, though only one needed treatment, all needed continued assessment of their endocrine state during follow-up. Thus, hypothalamohypophyseal dysfunction is more common than might be expected. Tests of anterior pituitary function should be preformed before surgical intervention, as such dysfunction may adversely affect survival and the response to ventricular shunting.
Cardiac-Catheterization and Cardiac-Surgical Facilities
Authors: Robert H. Kennedy, Margaret A. Kennedy, Robert L. Frye, Emilio R. Giuliani, Dwight C. McGoon, James R. Pluth, Hugh C. Smith, Donald G. Ritter, Fred T. Nobrega, Leonard T. Kurland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Cardiac catheterizations and cardiac operations were evaluated in the population of Olmsted County, Minnesota, from 1973 through 1980, and trends in this region were compared with nationwide trends based on data from several sources. The rates of coronary arteriography and coronary-artery bypass operations in Olmsted county have increased over time, but overall, the rates of catheterization and operation appeared to be leveling off. For the country as a whole, the data appear to show similar trends, but there are wide differences among regions in the rates of operation and catheterization. In 1980 40 per cent of hospitals with cardiac-catheterization laboratories and 55 per cent of those with facilities for open-heart surgery were doing fewer than the suggested minimum numbers of these procedures necessary to achieve optimum results. The data support the view that further growth in the number of cardiac centers should be avoided. We believe there is a need for continued evaluation of the use of cardiac services if quality is to be protected and costs controlled.
The Role of Integrin-Mediated Cell Adhesion in Health and Disease: Integrin-Based Therapy in Clinical Medicine
Authors: Steven J. Smith
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Currents15 February 2000The Role of Integrin-Mediated Cell Adhesion in Health and Disease: Integrin-Based Therapy in Clinical MedicineSteven J. Smith, PhDSteven J. Smith, PhDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-4-200002150-00102 SectionsAboutFull Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Long before any specific relation was demonstrated between cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and clinical disease, research scientists understood the fundamental importance of communication pathways between cells, tissues, and organs. Numerous studies, both in animals and in humans, then showed that CAM-mediated adhesion of cells to each other and to proteins of the extracellular matrix was important to health and disease. It is now clear that in healthy persons, stable CAM function is required for such processes as embryogenesis, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, wound healing, and vascular growth and integrity. Defective CAM function is a major cause of pathologic development in ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPilot study of DNA methylation, molecular aging markers and measures of health and well-being in agingPathogenesis and Treatment of Microalbuminuria in Patients With Diabetes: The Road AheadMicroalbuminuria and early endothelial activation in essential hypertensionSoluble adhesion molecules (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1) and selectins (sE selectin, sP selectin, sL selectin) levels in children and adolescents with obesity, hypertension, and diabetesThe zinc finger transcription factor ZBP-89 is a repressor of the human β2-integrin CD11b geneInhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase: Dose-dependent suppression of leukocyte and endothelial response after endotoxin challenge in humans*Inhibition of p38 Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase: A Novel Strategy in Sepsis? 15 February 2000Volume 132, Issue 4Page: 333-336KeywordsAdhesion moleculesAntibodiesCell communicationEndothelial cellsEndotheliumExtracellular matrixIntegrinsMonoclonal antibodiesPlateletsSelectins Issue Published: 15 February 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
Beta 2-microglobulinaemia: a sensitive index of diminishing renal function in diabetics.
Authors: G C Viberti, H Keen, D Mackintosh
Journal: BMJ (1981)

A sensitive single measure of diminishing renal function is of importance in attempts to modify the progression of diabetic nephropathy. In 12 insulin-dependent diabetics with proteinuria plasma concentrations of beta 2-microglobulin were found to correlate more closely than plasma creatinine concentrations or creatinine clearance with glomerular function as measured by clearance of 52Cr-EDTA. The plasma beta 2-microglobulin concentration was raised in all patients with diminished glomerular filtration rate (below 80 ml/min/1.73 m2). By contrast, in two of these patients plasma creatinine concentration was normal. Plasma beta 2-microglobulin concentrations were stable throughout the day and not affected by food intake, unlike plasma creatinine concentrations, which rose in the afternoon and evening and after a meat meal. Plasma beta 2-microglobulin concentrations were the same in venous and capillary blood, the capillary blood being readily self-collected. Concentrations of beta 2-microglobulin were stable for up to 24 hours when whole blood was stored at 4 degrees C; adding aprotinin inhibited loss of beta 2-microglobulin for up to seven days. The results of this study suggest, therefore, that measuring beta 2-microglobulin concentrations is a simple and accurate method of detecting minor degrees of renal impairment and monitoring the effects of treatment.
IL-5 production In Response To Candida Albicans Secretory Aspartic Protease 2 Is Associated With Isolated Late-phase Bronchial Response Upon Inhalation Challenge
Authors: A. Mori, N. Kitamura, T. Hashimoto, M. Taniguchi, M. Otomo, Y. Maeda, M. Hasegawa, K. Akiyama
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)