tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Life threatening complications after partially treated mastoiditis
Authors: J. Jose
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The introduction of antibiotics reduced the incidence of mastoiditis after acute otitis media from 50% to 0.4%.1 2 However, mastoiditis still occurs, and partially treated mastoiditis can alter the clinical picture of resultant intracranial and extracranial complications by masking the classic symptoms. We present three such cases, the first two with lateral sinus thrombosis and the third with a Bezold's abscess. We emphasise the importance of heightened awareness of the changing presentation of complications of mastoiditis so that these life threatening conditions can be recognised and treated early.

### Case 1

A 12 year old boy presented with a three day history of left sided otalgia, with two days of left temporal and parietal headache, vomiting, and true vertigo. He had had no previous otological problems. He had been prescribed co-amoxiclav with a diagnosis of “ear infection.” On examination, he had low grade fever of 37.8°C. He had minor neck stiffness but no focal neurological signs and no papillo-oedema. The left tympanic membrane was red and bulging. There was no tenderness over the mastoid.

On admission the diagnosis was acute otitis media in the left ear with possible intracranial complication. He had a neutrophilia. He was started on intravenous cefotaxime and metronidazole, and contrast enhanced computed tomography was done. This did not show any evidence of intracranial complications, but there was opacification of the left middle ear and mastoid air cells. A myringotomy allowed pus to be discharged under pressure from the middle ear. Culture of the pus grew β …
A Family History of NIDDM Is Associated With Decreased Aortic Distensibility in Normal Healthy Young Adult Subjects
Authors: Kathileen D Hopkins, Eldon D Lehmann, Robin L Jones, Ramina C Turay, Ray G Gosling
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

NIDDM is associated with stiffer arteries and an increased incidence of macrovascular disease. NIDDM has strong familial inheritance. We studied the associations of a family history of NIDDM with blood pressure-corrected aortic distensibility (Cp).Because age is a strong determinant of arterial distensibility, we studied an age-select cohort of 67 healthy normotensive normoglycemic young adults along with fasting measurements of glucose and insulin concentrations. Cp was calculated from noninvasive Doppler ultrasound measurements of pulse wave velocity along the descending thoracoabdominal aorta.The mean age of the subjects was 20.6 +/- 0.7 (mean +/- SD) years. A total of 22 subjects gave a positive family history of NIDDM in a parent or grandparent. Subjects with a positive family history of NIDDM had significantly less distensible (i.e., stiffer) aortas than their age- and sex-matched counterparts who gave no family history of NIDDM (Cp [dimensionless]: 0.22 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.25 +/- 0.04, P = 0.02). Subjects with a positive family history of NIDDM also had significantly higher fasting glucose (5.1 +/- 0.4 vs. 4.9 +/- 0.4 mmol/l, P = 0.009) and insulin (7.5 +/- 5.5 vs. 4.2 +/- 2.0 mU/l, P = 0.02) levels and BMIs (23.2 +/- 2.3 vs 21.1 +/- 2.5 kg/m2, P = 0.002). On multivariate regression analysis, family history of NIDDM (P = 0.03) was the only significant independent predictor of Cp.A positive family history of NIDDM is associated with decreased aortic distensibility in early adult life. The relevance of these observations to future cardiovascular events merits further investigation.
Two Cases of Small Non-Polypoid Neoplasia in an Elongated Colonic Polyp
Authors: K. Hizawa, T. Nakahara, S. Inuzuka, K. Akagi, R. Shimono, M. Kitamura, K. Iwai, T. Matsumoto
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Figure 1 Patient 1: colonoscopy shows a flabby potbelly-shaped pedunculated polyp (A) with a reddish and uneven head (B). The elongated polyp is composed of edematous submucosa and normal colonic mucosa (arrows), containing a depressed form of tubular adenoma (arrowheads)
Metabolic Impact of Education in NIDDM
Authors: Gail A D'Eramo-Melkus, Judith Wylie-Rosett, Julie A Hagan
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Objective To evaluate the impact of a model program of diabetes education and weight reduction on diabetes control and weight loss in obese individuals with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Research Design and Methods Eighty-two obese diabetic subjects were randomized to three levels of educational intensity: 1) a single individual session, 2) a 12-wk behavior-oriented diabetes education and weight control group intervention, or 3) group intervention plus six individual follow-up sessions. Repeated measures of weight, fasting blood glucose, and HbA1c were collected. Measures of diabetes knowledge, skills, and attitudes were also obtained. Results By 6 mo, all three intervention groups had a significant weight loss (P &amp;lt; 0.01). The mean weight loss of ∼ 10 lb was independent of treatment group and was maintained over the duration of the study. However, significant improvement in metabolic control was associated with participation in the diabetes education-weight reduction intervention. Conclusions The findings of this study indicate that a cognitive behavioral group intervention of diabetes knowledge and weight reduction training can produce weight loss and improvements in diabetes control. The addition of individual counseling as a follow-up maintenance strategy does not appear to have any advantage.
Inactivation of kupffer cells after prolonged donor fasting improves viability of transplanted hepatic allografts
Authors: Howard N. Sankary, Anita Chong, Preston Foster, Esther Brown, Jikun Shen, Robert Kimura, Guarimella Rayudu, James Williams
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Data from recent studies suggest that donor fasting imparts a beneficial effect on the viability of transplanted hepatic allografts. Because starvation may temporarily inactivate Kupffer cells, and because these cells are the likely mediators of liver injury after prolonged preservation-reperfusion, the purpose of this study is to establish a link between improved organ viability and Kupffer cell inactivation caused by donor allograft fasting. In an in vivo rat liver transplant model, 48 hours of donor fasting (1) improved allograft viability, (2) significantly decreased Kupffer cell phagocytosis, and (3) significantly decreased cytokine (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]) production postrevascularization. These data validate work from previous studies demonstrating that donor fasting improves allograft viability and furthermore support our previous research implicating activation of Kupffer cells as a causative agent of cold ischemia-preservation injury. (Hepatology 1995; 22:1236-1242.).
Abstract 3056: High levels of Wee1 are associated with malignancy and has potential as a therapeutic target in malignant melanoma
Authors: Gry I. Magnussen, Elisabeth Emilsen, Anne K. Rosnes, Vivi Ann Flørenes
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Malignant melanoma is the most increasing form of cancer worldwide, in addition to being the second most common cancer in young adults. Whereas the prognosis is good when detected early, there are no curative treatments once the cancer has spread (stage IV). Thus, there is a precarious need for new and more effective treatment options. Since the G1/S checkpoint of the cell cycle is dysfunctional in the majority of human cancers, the G2/M transition has been a focus of attention for targeted therapy the recent years. The Wee1 kinase is a major regulator of the G2/M checkpoint, and may halt the cell cycle by adding a negative phosphorylation on CDK1 (Tyr15). Additionally, Wee1 has a function in safeguarding the genome integrity during DNA synthesis. To assess the role of Wee1 in the progression of malignant melanoma we examined its expression in a panel of paraffin-imbedded patient derived tissues of benign nevi, primary- and metastatic melanoma. We found that Wee1 expression increased in the direction of malignancy, and had a strong, positive correlation with known markers of proliferation: Cyclin A (p&amp;lt;0.0001), Ki67 (p&amp;lt;0.0001), Cyclin D3 (p&amp;lt;0.001), p21Cip1/WAF1 (p=00.3), p53 (p&amp;lt;0.025), thicker primary tumours (p=0.001), ulceration (p=0.005) and poor disease-free survival (p=0.008). Transfections using siWee1 in three metastatic melanoma cell lines; WM239WTp53, WM45.1MUTp53 and LOXWTp53, further support our hypothesis of a tumour promoting role of Wee1 in melanomas. Whereas no effect was observed in LOX cells, transfection with siWee1 led to accumulation of cells in G1/S and S phase of the cell cycle in WM239 and WM45.1 cells, respectively. Both latter cell lines displayed reduced viability (MTS analysis), DNA damage (γ-H2AX) and induction of apoptosis (DNA fragmentation, caspase 3- and PARP-cleavages), in the absence of Wee1. Thus, the effect of silencing Wee1 may not be solely dependent of the p53 status of the cells. Moreover, our preliminary results have demonstrated that combined inhibition of Wee1 using (Wee1 inhibitor II/681641) and MAPK/ERK signalling (PD98059) further enhanced the therapeutic effect, as compared to Wee1 silencing alone. Together these results reveal the importance of Wee1 as a prognostic biomarker in melanomas and indicate that targeting Wee1 alone or in combination with other targeted therapies or conventional radio- or chemotherapy may be a promising approach in the treatment of melanoma patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3056. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3056
Control of ventilation during continuous swallowing.
Authors: F G Issa, S Porostocky
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The upper airway performs three distinct functions that must be coordinated to allow maximal operation of each individual system. We tested the ventilatory response to progressive hypercapnia in seven normal adults during continuous swallowing. Swallowing was induced by oral infusion of water while the subject breathed through the nose. Infusion of 40 ml/min resulted in repetitive swallows (rate: 8.1 +/- 4.1 swallows/min, mean +/- SD), but this did not cause a single incidence of coughing or aspiration. Swallows interrupted inspiration and expiration and resulted in compensatory changes in tidal volume and breathing frequency. Continuous drinking did not significantly change the slope of the ventilatory response to hypercapnia. The test was repeated in three subjects swallowing water infused at 60, 80, and 100 ml/min. The slope of the response was also not significantly different from control in these tests. We conclude that continuous swallowing does not override ventilatory control mechanisms in human adults.
Points from Letters: Monkeys for Research
Authors: J. D. Whittall
Journal: BMJ (1973)

seen a young mother decerebrated by inappropriate insulin continuation one can never forget it.May I make a second point concerning medical management?In my part of the world we can very frequently manage over- weight pregnant diabetics with on 800-kcal regimen only, with considerable success, even when initial blood glucose levels have been around 300 mg/100 ml.-I am, etc.,
Ethnic differences in cancer incidence: a marker for inherited susceptibility?
Authors: F D Gilliland
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Cancer incidence varies markedly by ethnicity and geographic location. Ethnic variation in cancer occurrence has traditionally been ascribed to differences in social, cultural, economic, and physical environments. However, this interpretation of the epidemiologic evidence may need to be revised as a result of new biological evidence and theories of carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis is now recognized to be a multistep process during which mutations or heritable changes in expression occur in genes involved in cellular growth control and genome stability. Inherited cancer susceptibility may be a stronger determinant of ethnic differences in cancer incidence than is currently appreciated. To examine the potential role of inherited susceptibility, the theoretical contribution of inherited susceptibility to ethnic differences in rates in considered using a simple probability model. Germline mutations in tumor suppressor genes BRCA1 and p53 are used to illustrate the magnitude of the ethnic differences for breast cancer that might arise from differences in inherited susceptibility. Our simple model suggests that ethnic differences in cancer occurrence can result from differences in genetic susceptibility. However, the magnitude of ethnic relative risk is likely to more strongly reflect differences in the distribution of susceptibility genotypes between groups than the magnitude of the disease risk associated with the genotypes. For many scenarios, the ethnic relative risk arising from differences in susceptibility may be bounded by the ratio of the proportion of susceptible individuals in each group.
A National Survey of Immunization Practices Following Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation
Authors: Kelly J. Henning
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Objectives.</h3> —To describe the frequency and patterns of use of routine childhood and hepatitis B, pneumococcal, influenza, and meningococcal vaccines following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants.</h3> —Survey of all US transplantation centers participating in the National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP) during 1994. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Use, timing, and total doses of selected vaccines given to patients younger than 7 years and patients aged 7 years or older following allogeneic BMT. <h3>Results.</h3> —Of 66 centers associated with the NMDP, 45 (68%) responded. A total of 97% of centers performing transplants on patients younger than 7 years and 88% of centers performing transplants on patients aged 7 years or older gave either the diphtheria-tetanus vaccine or the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine compared with 77% and 58% usage, respectively, of<i>Haemophilus influenza</i>type b conjugate vaccine (<i>P</i>=.03 and.003, respectively). Centers were more likely to administer inactivated poliovirus and measles-mumps-rubella vaccines to patients younger than 7 years than to the older age group (94% vs 73% for poliovirus,<i>P</i>=.02; and 94% vs 70% for measles-mumps-rubella,<i>P</i>=.01). About one half of centers routinely administer hepatitis B vaccine and approximately three quarters immunize with pneumococcal and influenza vaccines. Few programs, regardless of age of bone marrow recipient, use multiple vaccine (≥2) doses. The number of schedules reported for specific vaccines varied widely (3-11 schedules per vaccine). <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Despite convincing evidence that patients lose protective antibodies to vaccine-preventable diseases following allogeneic BMT and accumulating data showing the safety and efficacy of many vaccines after BMT, vaccines are underutilized and schedules vary widely at US transplant centers. National guidelines for optimal doses and timing of vaccines after BMT are warranted.
Lessons in gene hunting: A RAG1 mutation presenting with agammaglobulinemia and absence of B cells
Authors: Mona Hedayat, Michel J. Massaad, Yu Nee Lee, Mary Ellen Conley, Jordan S. Orange, Toshiro K. Ohsumi, Waleed Al-Herz, Luigi D. Notarangelo, Raif S. Geha, Janet Chou
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Abstract 1687: Expression of DAB2IP is related with cancer progression and prognosis of gastric cancer
Authors: Xiangyang Wang, Jiang Min, Xingfeng Yao, Min Zhao, Jianwu Jiang, Jingtao Wang, Liang Liu, Bo Zhang, Xiaolan Li, Deding Tao, Jing Wang, Junbo Hu, Jer-Tsong Hsieh, Daxing Xie, Jianping Gong
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Gastric cancer remains the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. DAB2IP, a novel member of the Ras GTPase-activating protein family, is down-regulated in various human cancers and functions as a bona fide tumor suppressor in cancer development. In gastric cancer, the expression of DAB2IP and its relation to tumor progression and prognosis has not been investigated. Therefore, we undertook a clinicpathologic study of gastric cancer to investigate the correlation between the expression of DAB2IP and clinical characteristics. Results: Immunohistochemistry was performed in 120 cases of gastric cancer tissues and corresponding adjacent normal mucosas, 36 cases of non-metastatic lymph node and 68 cases of metastatic lymph node. Overall results showed that 69 of 104 gastric cancer tissues expressed low level of DAB2IP, and 94 of 104 adjacent normal mucosas expressed high level of DAB2IP. We also scored the expression level of DAB2IP based on both the intensity of staining and the percentage of positive cell… The expression of DAB2IP in gastric cancer tissues or lymphatic metastatic tissues was clearly lower than that in normal mucosas (p&amp;lt;0.01). DAB2IP expression was obviously decreased in gastric cancer tissues with lymphatic metastasis compared to those without lymphatic metastasis (p&amp;lt;0.01). The expression of DAB2IP was correlated with gender, serosal invasion, lymphatic metastasis, remote metastasis, tumor grade, and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels (p&amp;lt;0.05). DAB2IP expression appears to be an independent prognostic marker for survival of patients with gastric cancer (p&amp;lt;0.05). Patients with lower expression of DAB2IP had worse overall survival than those with higher expression of DAB2IP (p&amp;lt;0.01). Conclusions: DAB2IP is a potential new marker for predicting the progression and prognosis of gastric cancer. Loss of DAB2IP expression is related with poor overall survival of patients in gastric cancer, indicating its potent role in gastric carcinogensis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1687. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1687
Prevention of Infection by Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Plus Amphotericin B in Patients with Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukaemia
Authors: ADRIAAN W. DEKKER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Fifty-two patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia were studied during remission induction treatment in a randomized trial to ascertain the effect of prophylactic oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole on infection and fever rate. A decrease in the total number of acquired infections was found (16 infections in the group given trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole versus 31 in the control group, p < 0.01). The number of patients without any infection in the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole group was 13 compared to only three in the control group (p < 0.01). Patients in the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole group needed parenteral antibiotics during 33% of the days they were granulocytopenic compared to 61% of these days for patients in the control group. However, six of nine bacteriologically documented infections in the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole group were caused by resistant microorganisms compared to two out of 20 in the control group.
NH4Cl Treatment Prevents Tissue Calcification in Klotho Deficiency
Authors: Christina B. Leibrock, Ioana Alesutan, Jakob Voelkl, Tatsiana Pakladok, Diana Michael, Erwin Schleicher, Zahra Kamyabi-Moghaddam, Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez, Makoto Kuro-o, Florian Lang
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2015)

Klotho, a cofactor in suppressing 1,25(OH)2D3 formation, is a powerful regulator of mineral metabolism. Klotho-hypomorphic mice (kl/kl) exhibit excessive plasma 1,25(OH)2D3, Ca2+, and phosphate concentrations, severe tissue calcification, volume depletion with hyperaldosteronism, and early death. Calcification is paralleled by overexpression of osteoinductive transcription factor Runx2/Cbfa1, Alpl, and senescence-associated molecules Tgfb1, Pai-1, p21, and Glb1. Here, we show that NH4Cl treatment in drinking water (0.28 M) prevented soft tissue and vascular calcification and increased the life span of kl/kl mice >12-fold in males and >4-fold in females without significantly affecting extracellular pH or plasma concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3, Ca2+, and phosphate. NH4Cl treatment significantly decreased plasma aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone concentrations and reversed the increase of Runx2/Cbfa1, Alpl, Tgfb1, Pai-1, p21, and Glb1 expression in aorta of kl/kl mice. Similarly, in primary human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs), NH4Cl treatment reduced phosphate-induced mRNA expression of RUNX2/CBFA1, ALPL, and senescence-associated molecules. In both kl/kl mice and phosphate-treated HAoSMCs, levels of osmosensitive transcription factor NFAT5 and NFAT5-downstream mediator SOX9 were higher than in controls and decreased after NH4Cl treatment. Overexpression of NFAT5 in HAoSMCs mimicked the effect of phosphate and abrogated the effect of NH4Cl on SOX9, RUNX2/CBFA1, and ALPL mRNA expression. TGFB1 treatment of HAoSMCs upregulated NFAT5 expression and prevented the decrease of phosphate-induced NFAT5 expression after NH4Cl treatment. In conclusion, NH4Cl treatment prevents tissue calcification, reduces vascular senescence, and extends survival of klotho-hypomorphic mice. The effects of NH4Cl on vascular osteoinduction involve decrease of TGFB1 and inhibition of NFAT5-dependent osteochondrogenic signaling.
THE CALCIUM CONTENT OF THE KIDNEY AS RELATED TO PARATHYROID FUNCTION
Authors: William Donohue, Clifford Spingarn, Alwin M. Pappenheimer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1937)

Partial nephrectomy in rats leads to an increase in the calcium content of the residual renal tissue. This increase is correlated with enlargement of the parathyroid glands, the degree depending upon the severity of the kidney lesions. Early removal of the parathyroid glands almost completely prevents this increase in kidney calcium.
Neonatal Eye Infections due to Mycoplasma hominis
Authors: D. M. Jones, B. Tobin
Journal: BMJ (1968)

In one year Mycoplasma hominis was isolated from 8 out of 250 clinically infected eyes of newborn infants. This infection occurred in only a small proportion of babies whose mothers carried the organism in the vagina. Probably mycoplasma infection of the eye in neonates is commoner than is realized.
Spinal muscular atrophy associated with HLA-B7.
Authors: G Upstill-Goddard, D Gardner-Medwin, D F Roberts, J Wentzel
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Neonatal small-bowel obstruction associated with amniocentesis Mid-trimester amniocentesis -is a well established and relatively safe diagnostic procedure.'Nevertheless, there are inevitable hazards associated with the technique and if it is to be used in comprehensive antenatal screening programmes2 potential complications should be recognised.Injuries-to the fetus occur infrequently but they may be serious. Case reportA boy was born at term (weighing 3270 g) by normal vertex delivery after surgical induction of labour.This was the mother's third pregnancy and because of her age (39 years) she had requested amniocentesis, which had been performed after ultrasound placental localisation at 16 weeks' gestation.Amniocentesis had been straightforward with removal of 20 ml of clear fluid through a 20 G spinal needle with trochar.At birth a pink fleshy mass 2 cm long with a necrotic tip was noted to protrude through a small epigastric abdominal wall defect just left of the midline (see figure).Meconium had not been passed 20 hours after birth, at which time the baby had a single copious vomit.Abdominal radiograph iIk Case 1. Area of skin necrosis on fifth toe of right foot.