tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ATM Is Required for Efficient Recombination between Immunoglobulin Switch Regions
Authors: Bernardo Reina-San-Martin, Hua Tang Chen, André Nussenzweig, Michel C. Nussenzweig
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2004)

Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase is critical for initiating the signaling pathways that lead to cell cycle checkpoints and DNA double strand break repair. In the absence of ATM, humans and mice show a primary immunodeficiency that includes low serum antibody titers, but the role of ATM in antigen-driven immunoglobulin gene diversification has not been defined. Here, we show that although ATM is dispensable for somatic hypermutation, it is required for efficient class switch recombination (CSR). The defect in CSR is not due to alterations in switch region transcription, accessibility, DNA damage checkpoint protein recruitment, or short-range intra-switch region recombination. Only long-range inter-switch recombination is defective, indicating an unexpected role for ATM in switch region synapsis during CSR.
An Infallible Cure for Hiccups
Authors: Ashley Montagu
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In 1938 a friend, the late Fritz Warndorf, founder of the Wiener Werkstadt movement in Austria in the 1880's, told me of an infallible cure for hiccups. A young Austrian actress had taught Warndorf the method. He said he had never known it to fail. His description of the method induced in me more than the usual quantum of Cartesian doubt. I was, however, willing to try. The method being simplicity itself, it was soon put to the test. Fill a glass with water (the level doesn't very much matter) and place in it a metal object such as a spoon, fork, or knife, and while slowly sipping the water hold the upper part of the metal handle (the lower part of the implement remaining in the water) against the temple. The hiccups will usually cease either immediately or within a minute. Since 1938 I have tried
[562] CAN FIBROSCAN OVERCOME THE SAMPLING ERROR OF LIVER BIOPSY?
Authors: H. Yeshua, S. Zelber-Sagi, Y. Luria, S. Levitt, E. Brazovski, Y. Kovalev, A. Kessler, M. Webb, L. Blendis, R. Brack, Z. Halpern, R. Oren
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Imaging diagnosis of small hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kenji Ikeda, Satoshi Saitoh, Isao Koida, Akihito Tsubota, Yasuji Arase, Kazuaki Chayama, Hiromitsu Kumada
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

To elucidate the detectability of small hepatocellular carcinoma by various imaging modalities, we performed digital subtraction angiography, computed tomographic arterioportography and carbon dioxide-enhanced ultrasonography. Of 76 patients with a small hepatocellular carcinoma of 2 cm or less in maximum diameter, 61 underwent digital subtraction angiography, computed tomographic arterioportography and enhanced ultrasonography at the same time. Concerning the 61 patients undergoing all the procedures, the characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma were found in 57.4% (35 of 61) by digital subtraction angiography, 75.4% (46 of 61) by computed tomographic arterioportography and 72.1% (44 of 61) by enhanced ultrasonography. Among them, four hepatocellular carcinomas were detected only by enhanced ultrasonography, three were diagnosed only by computed tomographic arterioportography and two were diagnosed by both of them. Except for six hemangioma nodules that were easily diagnosed only with angiography, four of 55 benign hepatic nodules (7.3%) showed false-positive findings suggestive of hepatocellular carcinoma with either computed tomographic arterioportography or enhanced ultrasonography. In conclusion, computed tomographic arterioportography and enhanced ultrasonography could complementarily detect a small hepatocellular carcinoma more sensitively than digital subtraction angiography. (Hepatology 1994;20:82–87.)
Obesity costs UK economy 2bn a year
Authors: I. Vlad
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The direct cost of obesity to the NHS is £0.5bn ($0.9bn; €;0.7bn), while the indirect cost to the UK economy is at least £2bn, Liam Donaldson, England's chief medical officer, told a conference in London last week.

The obesity epidemic affects all the developed countries to different degrees, with the prevalence reaching more than 25% in some states in the United States and 20% in Australia. In the United Kingdom 22% of men and 24% of women are obese, he said.

Professor Donaldson was speaking at a conference organised by the Westminster Diet and Health Forum, a private organisation with parliamentary support that facilitates cross party debate on public policy issues.

Speakers attributed the growth in obesity to a variety of causes. Mike Kelly, director of research and information at the Health Development …
Run with your client, not after
Authors: Jim Cromwell
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Chris was always climbing the fence, an eight feet high, chain link structure that surrounded the euphemistic “garden” on three sides. The fourth side faced the three storey, red brick ward that was home of sorts to a dozen people with learning disabilities and challenging behaviour, and half a dozen members of staff. Chris's most prominent behaviour was “absconding from the ward”—the reason for his admission and an activity he engaged in quite successfully on a daily basis.

The escape itself …
Regenerative Medicine Restores the Thymus in Aged Mice
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
FATAL BROMOFORM POISONING.
Authors: E. H. DWELLE
Journal: JAMA (1903)

by the enormously distended abdomen, formed an angle of nearly 45 degrees with the upper ribs.In dorsal decubitus the abdominal distention began at the sixth rib, rising gradually and forming a dome-shaped tumor, overhanging the symphysis.This tumor was tense on palpation, and presented a perfect percussion wave.The percussion note was flat, except high up on both sides, where there was modified tym- pany.On turning the patient from side to side, there was a suggestion of tympany, but no distinct movable dullness could be demonstrated.The circumference at the umbilicus measured 134 cm.(53 inches).The vaginal outlet was much relaxed and the bladder prolapsed.On account of the greatly distended and tense abdomen, a bimanual examination was
The Effect of Ethanol on Fat Storage in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Paolo M. Suter, Yves Schutz, Eric Jequier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

Ethanol can account for up to 10 percent of the energy intake of persons who consume moderate amounts of ethanol. Its effect on energy metabolism, however, is not known.We studied the effect of ethanol on 24-hour substrate-oxidation rates in eight normal men during two 48-hour sessions in an indirect-calorimetry chamber. In each session, the first 24 hours served as the control period. On the second day of one session, an additional 25 percent of the total energy requirement was added as ethanol (mean [+/- SD], 96 +/- 4 g per day); during the other session, 25 percent of the total energy requirement was replaced by ethanol, which was isocalorically substituted for lipids and carbohydrates.Both the addition of ethanol and the isocaloric substitution of ethanol for other foods reduced 24-hour lipid oxidation. The respective mean (+/- SE) decreases were 49.4 +/- 6.7 and 44.1 +/- 9.3 g per day (i.e., reductions of 36 +/- 3 percent and 31 +/- 7 percent from the oxidation rate during the control day; P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.0025). This effect occurred only during the daytime period (8:30 a.m. to 11:30 p.m.), when ethanol was consumed and metabolized. Neither the addition of ethanol to the diet nor the isocaloric substitution of ethanol for other foods significantly altered the oxidation of carbohydrate or protein. Both regimens including ethanol produced an increase in 24-hour energy expenditure (7 +/- 1 percent with the addition of ethanol, P less than 0.001; 4 +/- 1 percent with the substitution of ethanol for other energy sources, P less than 0.025).Ethanol, either added to the diet or substituted for other foods, increases 24-hour energy expenditure and decreases lipid oxidation. Habitual consumption of ethanol in excess of energy needs probably favors lipid storage and weight gain.
Global perspectives in breast milk contamination: infectious and toxic hazards.
Authors: Jenny Pronczuk, James Akre, Gerald Moy, Constanza Vallenas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Breast milk is the natural and optimal food for infants. In addition to meeting nutritional needs, breast milk provides numerous immunologic, developmental, psychologic, economic, and practical advantages. It is postulated that breast-feeding may also be related to the prevention of some adult health problems such as diabetes and coronary heart disease. Malnutrition among infants and young children, which remains one of the most severe global public health problems, is among the main reasons that the World Health Organization (WHO) so strongly supports breast-feeding. However, WHO recognizes the growing concern expressed by scientists, health professionals, environmentalists, and mothers about the potential risks posed by the presence of toxicants and infectious agents in breast milk. In this paper we review the main infectious hazards (tuberculosis, hepatitis B, and human immunodeficiency virus) and selected chemical hazards (tobacco, persistent contaminants) and the activities undertaken by WHO. We conclude that in cases where there is a high degree of pollution from chemical sources occurring simultaneously in a bacterially contaminated environment, the choice is not simply between polluted breast milk and risk-free substitutes. Rather, informed choice is based on assessing the known and unknown risks of artificial feeding versus the unknown, but potential, risks of chemical contamination of breast milk. Clearly, the possible toxicity of compounds requires further investigation. Of much greater importance, however, are effective measures to protect the environment for the entire population by controlling the use of these toxic products. Current scientific evidence does not support altering WHO's global public health recommendation of exclusive breast-feeding for 6 months followed by safe and appropriate complementary foods, with continued breast-feeding, up to 2 years of age or beyond.
Preventing Disease and Promoting Health
Authors: Marsha F. Goldsmith
Journal: JAMA (1990)

"THE VERY HEART of CDC" is what Jeffrey P. Koplan, MD, MPH, director of the Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, calls his section, which began operation in 1988. "We consider the meat of public health in the 1990s, and for the foreseeable 50 years at least, to be the activities we are responsible for here," he says. Although such chronic diseases as heart disease, cancer, hypertension, stroke, asthma, diabetes, arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease are the cause of 70% of all deaths in the United States, Koplan says, "they seem boring to people and there's a lack of interest." So while his center tries to drum up excitement about preventing things people would rather not think about, it also promotes behaviors that will make people feel good and be healthy. The center concerns itself with all major health risks except alcohol and drug addiction and injury prevention. Anticigarette
Recruiting overseas doctors
Authors: R. Rosen
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The government has two to three years in which to cut NHS waiting lists—a key measure of the impact of additional spending—before the next election. Success will depend on engaging key stakeholders in the redesign and reorganisation of services. The current policy to increase capacity in the NHS by employing overseas providers makes an interesting case study of the tension between achieving results and engaging professionals.

The policy aims to use overseas doctors to tackle long waiting times, focusing particularly on ophthalmology and orthopaedics.1 Services will be provided within a financial framework that is guided by the current cost of NHS procedures and will be governed by the same quality standards.

For policy makers the use of overseas doctors has the key advantage of avoiding the perverse incentive of “rewarding” consultants for undertaking private sector “initiative lists” on NHS patients with long waiting times. With the NHS as the core purchaser and raison d'etre of overseas services, cost and quality specifications can be tight. Furthermore, with workforce as a major constraint on …
Abstract LB-5: Ultraviolet radiation inhibits murine mammary carcinogenesis at an early stage
Authors: Anastasia M. Makarova, Grace Wang, Eileen Libove, Yefim Khaimskiy, Ervin H. Epstein
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Epidemiological studies of geographical variations in breast cancer mortality rates have found increased death rates at higher latitudes in USA and other countries. This breast cancer latitudinal gradient is hypothesized to be mediated by ultraviolet radiation (UVR) - produced vitamin D3. We have tested the effects of UVR in the well-described C3(1)/Tag transgenic mouse and have demonstrated that UVR started at age 6w and continued throughout the life of the mouse inhibits mammary carcinogenesis. Thus UVR prolongs palpable tumor - free survival (15±0.9 vs. 18±1.1 w; p=0.023) and delays the time of death (22±0.9 vs. 25±1.1 w; p=0.028). To differentiate between an inhibitory effect of UVR on the processes leading to initial histologic changes vs. an effect on the later stage of progression from microscopic to palpable tumors we assessed the anti-carcinogenic effects of UVR given at different time points and for different intervals. UVR was given thrice weekly at 350mJ/cm2 per treatment to FVBN/J C3(1)-Tag females. Treatment groups: (1) No UVR, (2) UVR age 6 w until end of the study, (3) UVR age 6 w until the 1st palpable tumor, (4) UVR 1st palpable tumor until the end of the study, (5) UVR age 12 w (a time when histologic changes are present but no tumor has become palpable) until the 1st palpable tumor. Results: (1) UVR significantly delayed the onset of the first palpable tumor when started at age 6 w (12 days delay, p=0.005, two-tailed t-test) but not when started at age 12 w. (2) UVR started after the 1st tumor became palpable did not reverse already-existing histological changes and did not prolong overall survival, thus confirming that UVR's effects occur at an early, pre-palpable stage of carcinogenesis. (3) UVR was sufficient to delay the first palpable tumor and to prolong overall survival (21±1.0 vs. 23±0.9 w; p=0.002, compared to untreated group) even at short-term exposure from age 6 w until the 1st palpable tumor. Furthermore, UVR reduces the percentage of glands with DCIS changes appreciable histologically by 82, 55, 66, 20 and 19% at ages 9, 11, 13, 14 and 15 weeks). Thus UVR is able to delay the appearance of early stages of breast carcinogenesis but is unable to reverse already-present histologic changes and their progression to more advanced cancer. Garland, F. C. et all. Prev Med 1990, 19, 614-22.; Green, J. E. et all. Oncogene 2000, 19, 1020-7. Citation Format: Anastasia M. Makarova, Grace Wang, Eileen Libove, Yefim Khaimskiy, Ervin H. Epstein. Ultraviolet radiation inhibits murine mammary carcinogenesis at an early stage. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-5. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-5
Schiff’s Diseases of the Liver, vols 1 &amp; 2
Authors: Frank Iber
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
STUDIES ON HUMAN ANTIBODIES
Authors: Manuel E. Kaplan, Elvin A. Kabat
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

Insoluble blood group substances prepared by copolymerization of soluble blood group substances with N-carboxy-L-leucine anhydride were used to absorb blood group antibodies from two human, high-titered anti-A sera. After the absorbants were washed free of nonspecific serum proteins, blood group antibodies were eluted either with pH 3.62 acetate buffer, or at neutral pH with monosaccharide haptens of the A or B antigenic determinants (N-acetyl-D-galactosamine or D-galactose respectively). The purified anti-A antibodies were characterized, immunoelectrophoretically, as gammaM-, gammaA-, and gammaG-immunoglobulins. These were further separated into gammaM- and gammaG-fractions by gel filtration or density gradient centrifugation. Both gammaM- and one of the two gammaG-antibody fractions contained K and L light chain determinants; the remaining gammaG-fraction was comprised, almost totally, of type K molecules. Precipitability of the purified anti-A immunoglobulins by blood group A substance varied from 43 to 89%. The agglutinating activity per unit N of the isolated gammaG-anti-A was found to equal, in one case, and to exceed, in the second, that of the gammaM-antibodies from the same individuals. The marked differences between gammaM- and gammaG-antibody fractions in quantitative hapten inhibition studies were interpreted to mean that the antibody-combining site of the isolated eluted gammaG-anti-A was significantly larger than that of the eluted gammaM-anti-A. Whether these data connote differences in combining site size between entire immunoglobulin classes in an individual serum or simply reflect the properties of highly selected antibody populations cannot be stated at present.
Abortion in a Changing World
Authors: John C. Ballin
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The United States is witnessing a groundswell of professional and public interest in the reform of abortion laws. The recently enacted liberal laws in New York and Hawaii no doubt indicate a trend which may become national in scope. If, by legislative or judicial processes, abortion becomes legalized, the medical and other professions should be thoroughly familiar with the myriad problems surrounding this procedure. Emotionalism which sometimes borders upon hysteria has tended to obscure facts and distort the magnitude of attending problems. This book, edited with a cold objectivity, avoids debating the merits of legalized abortion and provides much of the information needed for making sound judgments. The volume contains the 35 formal papers presented at an international conference on abortion in November 1968. The papers are grouped under five categories: the ethical, medical, legal, social, and global aspects of abortion. Edited discussions follow each section. Physicians will find the
Quality of Life and Clinical Outcomes in Elderly Patients Treated with Ventricular Pacing as Compared with Dual-Chamber Pacing
Authors: Gervasio A. Lamas, E. John Orav, Bruce S. Stambler, Kenneth A. Ellenbogen, Elena B. Sgarbossa, Shoei K. Stephen Huang, Roger A. Marinchak, N.A. Mark Estes, Gary F. Mitchell, Eric H. Lieberman, Carol M. Mangione, Lee Goldman, John J. Griffin, James D. Maloney, Carlos Rizo-Patrón, Ferdinand J. Venditti, Bruce L. Wilkoff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Standard clinical practice permits the use of either single-chamber ventricular pacemakers or dual-chamber pacemakers for most patients who require cardiac pacing. Ventricular pacemakers are less expensive, but dual-chamber pacemakers are believed to be more physiologic. However, it is not known whether either type of pacemaker results in superior clinical outcomes.The Pacemaker Selection in the Elderly study was a 30-month, single-blind, randomized, controlled comparison of ventricular pacing and dual-chamber pacing in 407 patients 65 years of age or older in 29 centers. Patients received a dual-chamber pacemaker that had been randomly programmed to either ventricular pacing or dual-chamber pacing. The primary end point was health-related quality of life as measured by the 36-item Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form General Health Survey.The average age of the patients was 76 years (range, 65 to 96), and 60 percent were men. Quality of life improved significantly after pacemaker implantation (P<0.001), but there were no differences between the two pacing modes in either the quality of life or prespecified clinical outcomes (including cardiovascular events or death). However, 53 patients assigned to ventricular pacing (26 percent) were crossed over to dual-chamber pacing because of symptoms related to the pacemaker syndrome. Patients with sinus-node dysfunction, but not those with atrioventricular block, had moderately better quality of life and cardiovascular functional status with dual-chamber pacing than with ventricular pacing. Trends of borderline statistical significance in clinical end points favoring dual-chamber pacing were observed in patients with sinus-node dysfunction, but not in those with atrioventricular block.The implantation of a permanent pacemaker improves health-related quality of life. However, the quality-of-life benefits associated with dual-chamber pacing as compared with ventricular pacing are observed principally in the subgroup of patients with sinus-node dysfunction.