tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alterations in transmural blood flow and body surface ST segment abnormalities produced by ischemia in the circumflex and left anterior descending coronary arterial beds of the dog.
Authors: D M Mirvis, K B Ramanathan
Journal: Circulation (1987)

Previous studies have documented a quantitative relation between alterations in transmural myocardial blood flow and body surface electrocardiographic distributions during rapid atrial pacing after chronic occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery (LCx). Because other studies have described functional differences between the left anterior descending (LAD) and the LCx perfusion beds, we tested the hypothesis that these two territories exhibit quantitative differences in their responses to demand-dependent myocardial ischemia. To do so, 25 sedated dogs were studied 3 weeks after implantation of an ameroid constrictor around the proximal LCx (15 dogs, group I) or the LAD (group II). Oxygen demand was increased by rapid atrial pacing at rates of 90 to 210 beats/min, myocardial blood flow was measured by serial injections of radiolabeled microspheres, and the electrocardiographic consequences were evaluated by isopotential body surface mapping. Endocardial flows and the endocardial/epicardial flow ratio fell to significantly lower levels during atrial pacing in the ischemic LAD bed than in the LCx perfusion zone. Electrocardiographic patterns indicative of subendocardial ischemia also developed with lesser abnormalities in endocardial/epicardial ratios as determined by logistic regression models, in the LAD than in the LCx bed. Thus the LAD bed is more susceptible to ischemia than the LCx region because of differences in collateral blood flow patterns. In addition, the intensity of the surface electrocardiographic potentials during ischemia was significantly greater, as measured by linear regression, after LAD than after LCx obstruction. These data thus demonstrate significant differences between the two cardiac regions as electrocardiographic potential sources during ischemia.
Two Functional Coding Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in STK15 (Aurora-A) Coordinately Increase Esophageal Cancer Risk
Authors: Makoto T. Kimura, Takahiro Mori, Jeffrey Conroy, Norma J. Nowak, Susumu Satomi, Katsuyuki Tamai, Hiroki Nagase
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

STK15/Aurora-A is a serine/threonine kinase essential for chromosome segregation and cytokinesis, and is considered to be a cancer susceptibility gene in mice and humans. Two coding single nucleotide polymorphisms in Aurora-A, 91T>A [phenylalanine/isoleucine (F/I)] and 169G>A [valine/isoleucine (V/I)], create four haplotypes, 91T-169G, 91A-169G, 91T-169A, and 91A-169A. We evaluated the association between these coding single nucleotide polymorphisms and esophageal cancer risk by genotyping 197 esophageal cancer cases and 146 controls. Haplotype 91A-169A (I31/I57) was observed to be statistically more frequent in cancer cases (odds ratio, 3.1452; 95% confidence interval, 1.0258-9.6435). Functional differences among the four isoforms were then analyzed to reveal the source of the cancer risk. Kinase activity levels of I31/I57 and F31/I57 were reduced to 15% and 40% compared with I31/V57 in vivo and in vitro. We considered the differences between the kinase activities and divided individuals into four categories of Aurora-A haplotype combination. Category I had 57.5% or less kinase activity compared with the most common category, category III, and had a significantly higher estimated cancer risk (odds ratio, 5.5328; 95% confidence interval, 1.8149-16.8671). Abnormal nuclear morphology, a characteristic of genomic instability, was observed to be 30 to 40 times more frequent in human immortalized fibroblast cells overexpressing I31/I57 or F31/I57 compared with the others. Furthermore, significantly higher levels of chromosomal instability were observed in cancers in category I (homozygote 91T-169A) than those in category III (homozygous 91A-169G). These results indicate that the less kinase active Aurora-A haplotype combinations might induce genomic instability and increase esophageal cancer risk either in a recessive or a dominant manner.
Risk assessment in primary prevention of coronary heart disease: randomised comparison of three scoring methods
Authors: C. G Isles
Journal: BMJ (2000)

systems, on how the understanding of absolute risk can influence health professionals' decision making, and how interactive computers can assist patients in decision making, treatment preferences, and adherence to treatment schedules. 11 18 19Developers of computer based clinical decision support systems should remember that as well as technological development, clinical understanding of the recommendations made by such systems is required.We thank the 27 Avon practices for participating in this study and Shah Ebrahim for helpful comments on earlier drafts of this paper.Contributors: The study was conceived and designed by TF, TP, and DS, with additional design input by AM.The computer based clinical decision support system was written by CM.Pilot work was done by AM, TF, and CM.Practices and patients
CD81 modulation by immobilized monoclonal antibodies is able to promote B-cell proliferation and C-MYC expression
Authors: P. Caini, A. Mazzocca, C. Cordelia, C. Giannini, P. Pantaleo, R.Giulio Romanelli, M.Eugenia Marrocchi, G. Laffi, P. Gentilini, A.Linda Zignego
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Photographic memory, money, and liposuction: survey of medical students' wish lists
Authors: K. J Petrie, G. R White, L. D Cameron, J. P Collins
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To examine whether medical students made fewer altruistic wishes and more money oriented wishes in later years of the medical course than students in earlier years. <b>Design:</b> Anonymous questionnaire survey. <b>Setting:</b> Auckland University School of Medicine. <b>Participants:</b> 520 medical students from 6 years of the course responded to the questionnaire item "If you had three wishes what would you wish for?" <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Proportion of wishes in various categories. <b>Results:</b> The three most popular categories of wishes were happiness (34% of students), money (32%), and altruistic wishes (31%). Rates of altruistic wishes (odds ratio=1.05, 95% confidence interval 0.94 to 1.18; P=0.36) and wishes for money (odds ratio=0.96, 0.86 to 1.08; P=0.52) did not vary over the years of the course. Female medical students were more likely than males to make altruistic wishes (36% <i>v</i> 26%; χ<sup>2</sup>=5.68, P=0.02), intimacy wishes (25% <i>v</i> 18%; χ<sup>2</sup>=3.74, P=0.05), and happiness wishes (42% <i>v</i> 26%; χ<sup>2</sup>=18.82, P=0.0001). Men were more likely than women to make sexual wishes (5% <i>v</i> 0.8%; χ<sup>2</sup>=7.34, P=0.01). <b>Conclusions:</b> We found no evidence that students were less altruistic and more money oriented in the later years of the medical course.
Relation between cognitive impairment and early death in the elderly.
Authors: J M Eagles, J A Beattie, D B Restall, F Rawlinson, S Hagen, G W Ashcroft
Journal: BMJ (1990)

STUDY OBJECTIVE--To study the association between cognitive impairment and early death in elderly patients living in the community. DESIGN--Case-control study of 410 patients assessed by the mental status questionnaire and followed up after three years. SETTING--A general practice in Inverurie, Aberdeenshire, with 14,000 patients. PATIENTS--205 Patients aged greater than or equal to 65 with cognitive impairment according to the mental status questionnaire (score less than or equal to 8) and 205 patients scoring greater than 8 on the questionnaire matched for age and sex. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE--Death. RESULTS--The relative risk of death in the cognitively impaired patients overall was 3.5. Those patients who scored less than or equal to 7 on the mental status questionnaire were five times more likely to die than their controls. There was no difference in risk of death between those with severe or moderate cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS--Cognitive impairment is associated with early death.
Microsurgery Applied to Neurosurgery
Authors: Charles B. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1970)

This monograph conveys the impact that the operating microscope has had on neurosurgery—and few technical advances have exerted greater influence. Microneurosurgery has achieved the status of a new discipline, and Yasargil's book provides an eloquent introduction to its present and future application. Donaghy's historical view of microsurgery serves as an excellent introduction to description of the operating microscope and microsurgical instruments. Yasargil's authoritative outline of techniques for vascular repair leads into a series of graded laboratory exercises starting with simple anastomosis of small vessels and concluding with transclival operations in the monkey. Instructions for preoperative and postoperative animal care will delight the new student of microsurgery. Peerless contributes an illuminating section on the anatomy of blood vessel walls, and against this background Yasargil gives a detailed account of his personal experience with intracranial aneurysms, malformations, and occlusive vascular disease. With equal clarity he describes his microsurgical approach to intracranial tumors.
Lectures on heaven: an excursion into the playground of the theologians.
Authors: A T Grounds
Journal: BMJ (1981)

The British churchman," Ronald Blythe once remarked, "goes to church as he goes to the bathroom, with the minimum of fuss and no explanation if he can help it."I can understand such reticence: in 1974 I spent a year away from my medical school studying theology, a distinctively unfashionable subject.My academic credentials for this enterprise were not encouraging; at school my only venture into the subject had resulted in failing scripture "O" level-twice. (I decided to omit that from my application form and, fortunately, my interviewer was an optimistic man."The year isn't too demanding," he said, "and no one ever fails it.")The course was an introductory one, arranged by the divinity school at Cambridge for graduates in other subjects.It was taken mainly by ordinands, whose quiet respectfulness and concern to preserve their beliefs irritated me considerably.My prejudices and misgivings were further enhanced at the outset by the first invitation for new students to meet the staff of the department.Whereas in all other faculties such informal introductions would be over coffee or, if you were fortunate, sherry, the
Voice and vocal health in elite sports coaching: considerations for elite football coaching staff
Authors: K Buckley, P O'Halloran, J Oates
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background While voice is integral to sports coaching, currently there is a dearth of research considering coaches' occupational vocal health. Objective To investigate football coaches' occupational voice use and vocal health (including the role of voice in coaching and the identification and management of workplace risk factors). Design A mixed-methodological approach (interviews, a questionnaire and acoustic voice measurement) using descriptive statistics and thematic analyses. Setting On-site at three Australian Football League clubs and one Australian Super 14's Rugby Union club. Participants 12 male coaches volunteered to participate. Inclusion criteria required participants to be employed full time as elite level football coaches. Results Participants perceived their voices as crucial for the frequent verbal communication required while coaching. Acoustic measurements revealed that, across work contexts, participants engaged in heavy vocal loads. Coaches also identified various aspects of their physical and organisational environments that impacted negatively on their voices. These vocal demands appear to be associated with negative health consequences. All participants reported experiencing voice symptoms (such as vocal fatigue and hoarseness) at least some of the time while coaching. Coaches suggested several strategies that reduced these symptoms, but were generally unaware of why these assisted their voices. Furthermore, coaches did not actively contemplate how to address risk factors or promote positive vocal health experiences at work. Conclusion This study demonstrates the critical reliance coaches have on their voices. It also suggests that the nature of vocal demands and workplace environments may negatively impact on coaches' vocal health. While participants demonstrated some insight into their voice use, this did not necessarily translate to awareness of vocal health or management of risk factors. A greater understanding of risk factors and their management is required to better support the occupational vocal health of coaches.
Variation in Positive Selection in Termite GNBPs and Relish
Authors: Mark S. Bulmer, Ross H. Crozier
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

Social insects are model organisms for investigating molecular evolution in the innate immune system. Their diversity affords comparative analysis among closely related species, and group living is likely to contribute to the pathogen stress imposed on the immune system. We used different models of nucleotide substitution at nonsynonymous (amino acid altering) and synonymous (silent) sites to compare the different levels and type of selection among three immunity genes in 13 Australian termite species (Nasutitermes). The immunity genes include two encoding pathogen recognition proteins (gram-negative bacterial-binding proteins) that duplicated and diverged before or soon after the evolution of the termites and a transcription factor (Relish), which induces the production of antimicrobial peptides. A comparison of evolutionary models that assign four unrestricted classes of dN/dS (the ratio of the nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution rate) to different Nasutitermes lineages revealed that the occurrence of positive selection (dN/dS > 1) varies among lineages and the three genes. Positive selection appears to have driven the evolution of all three genes in an ancestral lineage of three subterranean termites. It had previously been suggested that there was a transition along this ancestral lineage to termite morphology and ecology associated with a diet of decayed wood, a diet that may expose termites to elevated levels of fungal and bacterial pathogens. Relish appears to have experienced the highest levels of selective pressure for change among all three genes. Positively selected sites in the molecule are located in regions that are important for its activation, which suggests that amino acid substitutions at these sites are a counter response to pathogen mechanisms that disrupt the activation of Relish.
Melanoma in an Albino
Authors: B.J. Kennedy, Alvin S. Zelickson
Journal: JAMA (1963)

The diagnosis of a malignant melanoma in a pure albino patient was clearly established by electronmicroscopic demonstration of premelanosomes and melanosome structures in the amelanotic cancer cells. It appears that the melanocyte is necessary for the development of this cancer, but the metabolic pathway for melanin production is not. The latter is a guide to the chemotherapeutic control of melanomas. Removal of nevi or birthmarks in albinos may prevent the development of this cutaneous malignancy.
Methotrexate for the treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus
Authors: W.W. Bottomley, M.J.D. Goodfield
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Journal Article Methotrexate for the treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus Get access W.W. Bottomley, W.W. Bottomley Department of Dermatology, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street. Leeds LS1 3EX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.J.D. Goodfield M.J.D. Goodfield Department of Dermatology, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street. Leeds LS1 3EX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 133, Issue 4, 1 October 1995, Pages 655–656, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb02726.x Published: 01 October 1995
Telithromycin and Acute Liver Failure
Authors: David J. Graham
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

To the Editor: In their study of the efficacy of telithromycin in patients with acute asthma exacerbations, Johnston et al. (April 13 issue)1 discount the risk of acute liver failure. They do not mention that in 2001 an advisory committee of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) voted against approval of telithromycin primarily because of concern about hepatotoxicity.2 In response, the drug's manufacturer conducted a trial involving 24,000 patients that was plagued by issues of fraud and data integrity of such magnitude that the FDA could not use the results to support approval.2 Lacking reliable data to counter the advisory . . .
Which Tablets? Why Horns?
Authors: William McDaniel
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In your discussion of the Rembrandt painting on the cover of the Sept 20, 1985, issue of<i>JAMA</i>, you state: "Scholars disagree on whether<i>Moses Breaking the Tablets of Law</i>(cover), painted by Rembrandt (1606-1669) when he was in his early 50s, shows Moses with the first tablets of the Law, which Moses smashed when he saw the people dancing about the golden idol, or with the second tablets."<sup>1</sup>The painting obviously refers to the second passage, Exodus 34:1, 27, 29. The painting shows Moses with horns. The language from which St Jerome made the translation on which the Vulgate Bible was based had very similar words for "shone" and "horned"; thus Moses' head in the statue by Michelangelo and in this painting are horned. The following quote is from a book entitled<i>Michelangelo</i><sup>2</sup>: "The horns on his forehead are explained by a mistranslation in
Polyneuropathy Following Vincristine Therapy in Two Patients With Charcot-Marie-Tooth Syndrome
Authors: Colleen M. Hogan-Dann
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The neurotoxicity of vincristine sulfate, a commonly used antineoplastic agent, has been well described. A literature review failed to reveal any absolute contraindications to the initial use of vincristine. We describe two patients with nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease in whom a rapidly progressive, but reversible, severe polyneuropathy developed when they were given a total of 4 mg of vincristine sulfate. Each was later shown to have the demyelinating form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome. This association suggests that the use of vincristine is contraindicated in patients with the demyelinating form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth syndrome.
The isotype of the BCR as a surrogate for the GCB and ABC molecular subtypes in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: P Ruminy, P Etancelin, L Couronné, F Parmentier, V Rainville, S Mareschal, E Bohers, C Burgot, M Cornic, P Bertrand, B Lenormand, J-M Picquenot, F Jardin, H Tilly, C Bastard
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Extent and Patterns of<i>MGMT</i>Promoter Methylation in Glioblastoma- and Respective Glioblastoma-Derived Spheres
Authors: Davide Sciuscio, Annie-Claire Diserens, Kristof van Dommelen, Danielle Martinet, Greg Jones, Robert-Charles Janzer, Claudio Pollo, Marie-France Hamou, Bernd Kaina, Roger Stupp, Marc Levivier, Monika E. Hegi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: Quantitative methylation-specific tests suggest that not all cells in a glioblastoma with detectable promoter methylation of the O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene carry a methylated MGMT allele. This observation may indicate cell subpopulations with distinct MGMT status, raising the question of the clinically relevant cutoff of MGMT methylation therapy. Epigenetic silencing of the MGMT gene by promoter methylation blunts repair of O6-methyl guanine and has been shown to be a predictive factor for benefit from alkylating agent therapy in glioblastoma. Experimental Design: Ten paired samples of glioblastoma and respective glioblastoma-derived spheres (GS), cultured under stem cell conditions, were analyzed for the degree and pattern of MGMT promoter methylation by methylation-specific clone sequencing, MGMT gene dosage, chromatin status, and respective effects on MGMT expression and MGMT activity. Results: In glioblastoma, MGMT-methylated alleles ranged from 10% to 90%. In contrast, methylated alleles were highly enriched (100% of clones) in respective GS, even when 2 MGMT alleles were present, with 1 exception (&amp;lt;50%). The CpG methylation patterns were characteristic for each glioblastoma exhibiting 25% to 90% methylated CpGs of 28 sites interrogated. Furthermore, MGMT promoter methylation was associated with a nonpermissive chromatin status in accordance with very low MGMT transcript levels and undetectable MGMT activity. Conclusions: In MGMT-methylated glioblastoma, MGMT promoter methylation is highly enriched in GS that supposedly comprise glioma-initiating cells. Thus, even a low percentage of MGMT methylation measured in a glioblastoma sample may be relevant and predict benefit from an alkylating agent therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 17(2); 255–66. ©2010 AACR.
Data protection, informed consent, and research
Authors: Jonathan Fletcher, Joanna Marriott, David Phillips
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Editor—Peto et al report the result of a vote at a public meeting whose audience included the general public, patient support groups and cancer charities, doctors, nurses, and public health workers.1 All of them, except the general public, have a professional interest in medical research. As a group of medical students, we undertook an epidemiological study building on previous studies exploring patients' views about confidentiality with regard to general practice medical records.2,3 In addition, we studied public knowledge and opinion about the use of medical records for research purposes.

The study was carried out between February and April 2004 at two general practices in England (Birmingham and Blackburn). A total of 200 questionnaires were given to consecutive patients at each centre. The questionnaire was designed to elicit patients' knowledge of who is able to access their medical records, who they think should be able to, and whether they would allow access to anonymised, or patient-identifiable, data for research purposes or otherwise.

In all, 316 people approached (79%) completed the questionnaire. An overwhelming proportion of patients (250) thought that it was acceptable for their medical records to be used for research to improve health care, but only 27 (8.5%) held this view if the objective of the research was to make a profit. In asking about access to medical records, more patients thought that access should be given for research purposes than they thought was the current practice. This was consistent across all groups included in the study: doctors, practice nurses, health authorities, drug companies, etc.

Our results support Peto et al's statement that it is not true that the public no longer tolerate access to their records by bona fide medical researchers. They also suggest that the balance between research requirements and patient confidentiality should be reassessed to bring the interpretation of legislation into line with patients' views.