tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intravenous "Paludrine" (Proguanil)
Authors: R. N. Chaudhuri, H. Chakravarti
Journal: BMJ (1949)

JOURN~ALeffectually sterilizes gametocytes, this course, reinforced with mepacrine in massive dosage on the first day of treat- ment, seems more likely to fulfil all the requirements listed above than any other form of treatment available.We would advise, however, that such a course be followed up by a maintenance dose of 100 mg. of paludrine daily for the ensuing six weeks, in order to cover the period during which P. falciparum relapses are most likely to occur.In endemic areas where strict paludrine prophylaxis is in force the patient would come under this regime automatically.Summary An account is given of a series of prophylactic and thera- peutic trials with paludrine carried out at Horton Hospital, Epsom, against a strain of P. falciparium obtained from a native child resident in Lagos, Nigeria.. Paludrine was found to act as a true causal prophylactic of infections with this strain of parasite.The prophylactic dosage recommended for non-immune adults exposed to malarial infec- tion in West Africa is 100 mg.daily.Paludrine controlled the clinical attack caused by infections with this strain, but its action in this respect and in clearance of asexual parasites from the peripheral blood was somewhat less rapid than that of mepacrine or quinine.Paludrine unaided failed to effect radical cure of infections with this strain, a finding in marked contrast with the results achieved by Fairley et al. (1946) in their researches on New Guinea strains of P. falciparum.Radical cure of the Lagos strain of P. falciparum has appar- ently been effected with (a) 300 mg. of paludrine twice daily for 10 days, reinforced with 900 mg. of mepacrine given in three doses on the first day of treatment (6 cases); (b) 300 mg. of paludrine twice daily for 10 days, reinforced with 30 ,gr. (2 g.) of quinine hydrochloride given in three doses on the first day of treatment (5 cases); and (c) 10 gr. (650mg.) of quinine hydrochloride twice daily for 10 days (5 cases).Following a course of 300 mg. of paludrine twice daily for 10 days gametocytes were rendered non-infective to mosquitoes for as long as they continued to be present in the peripheral blood in sufficient numbers for infection to occur.Reinforcement of a course of 300 mg. of paludrine twice daily for 10 days with 900 mg. of mepacrine administered in three doses on the first day of treatment shortened the average duration of pyrexia and clinical symptoms by approximately twenty-four hours.It is considered that such a course, followed by a maintenance dose of 100 mg. of paludrine daily for the ensuing six weeks, would fulfil the main objectives in the treatment of P. falciparum malaria infections-namely, rapid termination of the clinical attack, a high radical cure rate, sterilization of gametocytes, and minimum risk of injurious side-effects.
80 Entecavir results in continued virologic and biochemical improvement and HBeAg seroconversion through 96 weeks of treatment in lamivudine-refractory, HBeAg(+) chronic hepatitis B patients (ETV-026)
Authors: C. Yurdaydin, J. Sollano, S. Hadziyannis, S. Kaymakoglu, M. Sherman, H. Brett-Smith, J. Vaughan, R.G. Hindes
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Mesenchymal stromal cells orchestrate follicular lymphoma cell niche through the CCL2-dependent recruitment and polarization of monocytes
Authors: Fabien Guilloton, Gersende Caron, Cédric Ménard, Céline Pangault, Patricia Amé-Thomas, Joëlle Dulong, John De Vos, Delphine Rossille, Catherine Henry, Thierry Lamy, Olivier Fouquet, Thierry Fest, Karin Tarte
Journal: Blood (2012)
Delineation of <i>TMPRSS2-ERG</i> Splice Variants in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ying Hu, Albert Dobi, Taduru Sreenath, Christopher Cook, Atekelt Y. Tadase, Lakshmi Ravindranath, Jennifer Cullen, Bungo Furusato, Yongmei Chen, Rajesh L. Thangapazham, Ahmed Mohamed, Chen Sun, Isabell A. Sesterhenn, David G. McLeod, Gyorgy Petrovics, Shiv Srivastava
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

The expression of the ETS-related gene (ERG) is low or undetectable in benign prostate epithelial cells. High prevalence of ERG overexpression in prostate cancer cells due to TMPRSS2-ERG fusions suggest for causal roles of ERG protein in the neoplastic process. TMPRSS2-ERG fusion junctions have been extensively studied in prostate cancer. However, virtually nothing is known about the nature of full-length transcripts and encoded proteins. This study focuses on qualitative and quantitative features of full-length TMPRSS2-ERG transcripts in prostate cancer.Full-length TMPRSS2-ERG transcripts were cloned and sequenced from a cDNA library generated from pooled RNA of six TMPRSS2-ERG fusion-positive prostate tumors. The encoded ERG proteins were analyzed in HEK293 cells. Copy numbers of TMPRSS2-ERG splice variants were determined by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR in laser capture microdissected prostate cancer cells.Two types of TMPRSS2-ERG cDNAs were identified: type I, which encodes full-length prototypical ERG protein (ERG1, ERG2, ERG3), and type II, encoding truncated ERG proteins lacking the ETS domain (ERG8 and a new variant, TEPC). In microdissected prostate tumor cells from 122 patients, relative abundance of these variants was in the following order: ERG8 > TEPC > ERG 3 > ERG1/2 with combined overexpression rate of 62.3% in prostate cancer. Increased ratio of type I over type II splice forms showed a trend of correlation with less favorable pathology and outcome.Qualitative and quantitative features of specific ERG splice variants defined here promise to enhance the utility of ERG as a biomarker and therapeutic target in prostate cancer.
PREVENTIVE PSYCHIATRY—THE ARMY'S MENTAL HYGIENE CONSULTATION SERVICE (MHCS) PROGRAM WITH STATISTICAL EVALUATION
Authors: WILLIAM S. ALLERTON, DONALD B. PETERSON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1957)

1. The importance of outpatient psychiatric treatment, properly emphasized in World War I and again in World War II, required re-emphasis during the Korean conflict. 2. A Mental Hygiene Consultation Service Program—long required, but difficult to maintain in past periods of peace—has, subsequent to the Korean conflict, been maintained and expanded, and constitutes one of the major contributing elements of psychiatry in the army. 3. Expansion of the MHCS program has been accompanied by a reduction of incidence rates due to disabling psychiatric illness. Further study may some day allow us to demonstrate more clearly the benefits to those evaluated and treated in such a setting. 4. In time of peace, every effort must be expended to insure continuation of this preventive program.
The Right-sided Approach for Hiatal Herniorrhaphy
Authors: J. Borrie
Journal: BMJ (1958)

CONJOINED TWINSBRDITiSH pericardial sac it was found that there were two normal hearts in one single pericardium.The arch of the aortae and all their branches were normal in each twin.There was a ductus arteriosus in the normal position in each foetus.The diaphragm, if not a common one, was united, thus forming one large muscular division between thorax and abdomen.Under the diaphragm the stomachs and spleens were in their normal positions, nor did the intestines show any abnormality.The kidneys showed the normal foetal lobulation.The ureters were normal.The adrenals were very large, the kidney/adrenal weight ratio being almost 3:1 in each foetus.There were normal female genital organs.The anatomy of the liver was quite abnormal.Each foetus seemed to have a small lobe of its own, but the greater part of the peritoneal cavity was occupied by an enormous midline mass of liver tissue.On each side of this there was a gall-bladder and a porta hepatis.The entry of the umbilical vein on either side could easily be seen.Some of the organs were weighed after dissection.It should be noted that this was after fixation in formalin.Foetus A: left kidney 4.6 g., left adrenal 1.35 g., heart 6.6 g., right kidney 4.3 g., right adrenal 1.35 g.Foetus B: left kidney 3.6 g., left adrenal 1.30 g.. heart 7.5 g., right kidney 2.5 g., right adrenal 0.85 g.The total weight of all liver tissue was 50 g.Summary Conjoined twins in an African woman were diagnosed in the antenatal clinic after an x-ray film had been taken.Vaginal delivery, resembling a breech extraction, proved .successful.The anatomy, as found on dissection, is -described.The adrenal glands were carefully dissected in view of the suggestion put forward in the case of the Kano twin who died post-operatively of possible adrenal insuf- fficiency.Our case-at least macroscopically-did not suggest adrenal hypoplasia in either twin.
Syncope and Supraventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Volker Kühlkamp, Ralph Bosch, Christian Mewis
Journal: Circulation (2001)

A 41-year-old man was referred for electrophysiological evaluation after recurrent syncope that occurred frequently during vigorous exercise.The patient had a complete, normal cardiological work up, including a resting ECG, an exercise stress test, and an echocardiogram.He reported that just before loss of consciousness, his heart was beating very fast.An electrophysiological study was performed (Figure), and typical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia was inducible, with a single atrial premature extrastimulus, after the infusion of 1 mg/h orciprenaline.With the induction of the tachycardia, heart rate increased from 91 beats/min (R-R interval, 660 ms) during sinus rhythm to 175 beats/min (R-R interval, 335 ms), blood pressure dropped from 120/80 mm Hg to 50/40 mm Hg, and mean right atrial pressure increased from 1 mm Hg to 18 mm Hg.Although the patient was in the supine position, he lost consciousness when tachycardia was induced.Successful catheter modification was performed, and the patient remained free of symptoms during a follow-up of 37 months.Displayed are surface leads I, II, III, V 1 , and V 6 .In addition, the recordings from the high right atrium (HRA), the His bundle (HBE), and the right ventricular apex (RVA) are shown.Invasive recordings of blood pressure in the right femoral artery and the right atrium were obtained.A single paced premature atrial contraction (ES) induced a typical slow/fast atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia.Almost instantaneously, arterial blood pressure dropped.
Vitamin E Reduction of Protein Glycosylation in Diabetes: New Prospect for Prevention of Diabetic Complications?
Authors: Antonio Ceriello, Dario Giugliano, Antonio Quatraro, Claudio Donzella, Giovanni Dipalo, Pierre J Lefebvre
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

This study evaluated the possibility of inhibiting protein glycosylation in vivo with vitamin E.Two groups of 10 insulin-requiring diabetic patients, matched for duration of disease and metabolic control, received daily vitamin E supplementation of 1200 and 600 mg, respectively, for 2 mo. A third group of 10 diabetic patients, matched for duration of disease and metabolic control, served as the control group and received placebo. Fasting plasma glucose, mean daily plasma glucose, fasting labile HbA1, and glycosylated proteins were measured in the basal state and after 1 and 2 mo of treatment. In addition, hyperglycemic clamp studies were performed in basal state and after 1 mo of vitamin E administration in all patients.Glycemic indices did not show any significant changes during the study, whereas fasting labile HbA, and glycosylated proteins decreased significantly after 1 and 2 mo in patients on vitamin E administration. Stable HbA1 decreased after 2 mo. Mean glycemic incremental area in the hyperglycemic clamp procedure was similar before and after treatment, whereas a significant reduction in mean labile HbA1 incremental area was found after vitamin E supplementation. A significant difference was also found in both fasting and incremental labile HbA1 levels, stable HbA1, and glycosylated proteins between the two groups of diabetic patients on the two doses of vitamin E; the diabetic patients who received the higher dose of vitamin E showed the greater reduction. No significant changes in these parameters were observed in diabetic patients on placebo administration.These results demonstrate that vitamin E administration may reduce protein glycosylation in diabetic subjects independently of changes in plasma glucose, an effect that may be due to the inhibition of labile glycosylation, the first step of the Maillard reaction. Long-term studies will help establish the usefulness of vitamin E administration for the prevention of diabetic complications.
5-Year Morbidity Among Very Preterm Infants in Relation to Level of Hospital Care
Authors: Liisi Rautava, Janne Eskelinen, Unto Häkkinen, Liisa Lehtonen, and the PERFECT Preterm Infant Study Group
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2012)

To determine whether birth and care in the highest-level hospitals (level III) compared with birth in or postnatal transfer to lower-level hospitals (level II) are associated with 5-year morbidity in very preterm children.A cohort study.Finland.All surviving 5-year-old children born very preterm (gestational age <32 weeks or birth weight ≤1500 g) born in level II or level III hospitals (n = 2168) and full-term (gestational age, 37-42 weeks) children (n = 238 857) born from January 1, 2000, through December 31, 2004.Diagnoses issued after the first discharge home and overrepresented in very preterm compared with full-term children. Diagnoses were analyzed between very preterm children (1) born and treated in level III hospitals (group III), (2) born in level III and transferred to lower-level hospitals (group III/II), and (3) born and treated in level II hospitals (group II).Group III/II children had an increased incidence of retinal disorders (odds ratio, 2.43 [95% CI, 1.66-3.56]) and asthma (1.41 [1.09-1.81]) but fewer viral infections (0.75 [0.59-0.95]) compared with group III infants. The risks for epilepsy (odds ratio, 2.71 [95% CI, 1.29-5.70]) and hyperkinetic disorders (2.19 [1.13-4.25]) were higher among group II than among group III children. No statistically significant differences between the groups for the 14 other diagnoses were found.The increased incidence of retinopathy and asthma among infants transferred from level III to lower-level hospitals calls for analysis of the differences in treatment practices between hospital levels.
Distal versus proximal mechanisms of “real” self-deception
Authors: Joan S. Lockard
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

There is little fear that the concept of motivational bias as proposed by Mele is likely to dampen the current academic ferment (see Mele's Introduction) with respect to self-deception for several reasons: (a) like philosophy, science has more recently abandoned the heuristic of a rational human mind; (b) the concept is parsimonious, applicable to many research topics other than self-deception, and, therefore, scientifically serviceable; (c) as a proximal mechanism it addresses process rather than function, that is, how rather than why questions; (d) it is not as interesting a question as why there is a high prevalence of “real” self-deception (i.e., “garden-variety self-deception” as described by Mele, see sect. 6); and (e) a more penetrating issue is whether “real” self-deception is adaptive.
P2-199: Phase II study of cisplatin and weekly docetaxel combined with concurrent radiotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Masaru Nakamura, Tomonobu Koizumi, Shintaro Kanda, Sumiko Yoshikawa, Tsuyoshi Tanabe, Masanori Yasuo, Kazuhisa Urushihata, Keisaku Fujimoto, Seiichiro Eda, Keishi Kubo
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Inoculation of Human Volunteers with Parainfluenza Virus Type 3
Authors: Albert Z. Kapikian
Journal: JAMA (1961)

In an attempt to see whether parainfluenza virus type 3 would produce illness in adults, 28 adult volunteer subjects were inoculated with either the virus or a sterile salt solution. Twelve of the 17 volunteers inoculated with the virus, and none of the 11 who received the placebo inoculum, developed laboratory evidence of infection with parainfluenza 3 virus. Nine of the virus-inoculated volunteers and only 1 of the 11 in the contratested group developed an acute respiratory illness. However, 3 of the 9 virus-inoculated subjects who became ill failed to demonstrate laboratory evidence of infection with parainfluenza 3. The afebrile, "coldlike" illness observed in the 6 infected volunteers was characterized by mucoserous nasal discharge, nasal obstruction, sneezing, dry cough, and erythematous nasal and pharyngeal mucous membranes. The mean incubation period was 2.2 days.
The displacement cardiograph. A noninvasive technique for recording myocardial wall motion.
Authors: T C Gay, R Vas, D E Pittman, C R Joyner
Journal: Circulation (1976)

The displacement cardiograph (DCG) is a noninvasive device employing an electromagnetic field to record tissue motion within the body. The sensing coil need not be in contact with the patient since the field penetrates air and stationary tissue without significant distortion. Disturbances in the field with result from ventricular wall motion are electronically converted to an analog output and a pattern inscribed on the paper of a physiological recorder. In an attempt to determine the reliability of the DCG in detecting regional areas of abnormal left ventricular wall motion, displacement cardiograms were obtained from 70 patients who underwent cardiac catheterization and left ventriculography. The DCG interpretations were in agreement with the ventriculographic picture of left ventricular wall motion in 67 of the 70 patients. There were two false positive and one false negative DCG diagnoses. The results indicate that the DCG can be employed as a reliable noninvasive method for repetitive assessment of the pattern of contraction of the anterior, anterolateral and posterior left ventricular wall.
Effects of D-penicillamine on growth and cell cycle kinetics of cultured rabbit articular chondrocytes.
Authors: P Jaffray, X Ronot, M Adolphe, J Fontagne, P Lechat
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

The long-acting antirheumatic drug D-penicillamine was found to inhibit the growth of asynchronous cultures of rabbit articular chondrocytes. This inhibitory effect was dose-related between 5 X 10(-4) M and 5 X 10(-3) M and was time-dependent for a given dose. Flow cytometric analysis showed that drug exposure led to a slowdown in cell cycle progression. This was manifested as a decrease in the number of cells in S phase, due especially to an accumulation of cells in G0 G1 and also to a slight cessation of cell transit through G2 M. Recovery experiments showed that the effect is transitory and reversible. It is suggested that the articular chondrocyte is a target cell for D-penicillamine and that these cells have a D-penicillamine sensitive restriction point in the G0 G1 phase of the cell cycle and to a less extent in the G2 M phase.
Dysphagia management means diagnosis, exercise, reeducation
Authors: K. Simmons
Journal: JAMA (1986)

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TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR 1 IS INVOLVED IN THE MECHANISM OF HUMAN VASCULAR REMODELING IN ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESIONS
Authors: Hisashi Sawada, Yoshiro Naito, Makiko Oboshi, Koichi Nishimura, Akiyo Eguchi, Yoshitaka Okuhara, Daisuke Morisawa, Toshihiro Iwasaku, Shinichi Hirotani, Toshiaki Mano, Masaharu Ishihara, Tohru Masuyama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Clinical Immunity in Acute Gastroenteritis Caused by Norwalk Agent
Authors: Thomas A. Parrino, David S. Schreiber, Jerry S. Trier, Albert Z. Kapikian, Neil R. Blacklow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

To examine immunity in viral gastroenteritis, we challenged and then rechallenged 12 volunteers with Norwalk agent and evaluated symptoms, jejunal biopsies and serum antibody. With the first challenge, gastroenteritis developed in six volunteers but not in the others. When rechallenged 27 to 42 months later, the six who became ill initially again had gastroenteritis with jejunal lesions; in the six previously immune volunteers illness or jejunal lesions did not develop. Four of five ill volunteers had increases in serum antibody to Norwalk agent after both challenges. Serum antibody did not increase in three immune volunteers after either challenge. Four volunteers who had twice become ill underwent a third challenge four to eight weeks after their second illness. In one gastroenteritis developed; in three, it did not. These findings indicate two forms of immunity for viral gastroenteritis, one of short and the other of long duration. Factors other than serum antibody appear important in immunity to Norwalk gastroenteritis.
IgE, IgG1, IgG4 Reactivity Profile to Blo t 5 Recombinant Allergen From Blomia Tropicalis and Its Modified Form in Atopic and Non-Atopic Patients
Authors: Ernesto Akio Taketomi, Juliana Miranda, Karine Almeida, Isabella Siman, Leandro Ynoue, Helena Penha, Deise Silva, Bárbara Ávila, Laura Tomaz, Jair Cunha Júnior
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Effect of lung cancer surgery on quality of life
Authors: T Win
Journal: Thorax (2005)

Health related quality of life (HRQOL) after surgery is important, although very limited data are available on the QOL after lung cancer surgery.The effect of surgery on HRQOL was assessed in a prospective study of 110 patients undergoing potentially curative lung cancer surgery at Papworth Hospital, 30% of whom had borderline lung function as judged by forced expiratory volume in 1 second. All patients completed the EORTC QLQ-C30 and LC13 lung cancer module before surgery and again at 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively.On average, patients had high levels of functioning and low levels of symptoms. Global QOL had deteriorated significantly 1 month after surgery (p = 0.001) but had returned to preoperative levels by 3 months (p = 0.93). Symptoms had worsened significantly at 1 month after surgery but had returned to baseline levels by 6 months. Low values on the preoperative HRQOL scales were not significantly associated with poor surgical outcome. However, patients with low preoperative HRQOL functioning scales and high preoperative symptom scores were more likely to have poor postoperative (6 months) QOL. The only lung function measurement to show a marginally statistically significant association with quality of life at 6 months after surgery was percentage predicted carbon monoxide transfer factor (Tlco).Although surgery had short term negative effects on quality of life, by 6 months HRQOL had returned to preoperative values. Patients with low HRQOL functioning scales, high preoperative symptom scores, and preoperative percentage predicted Tlco may be associated with worse postoperative HRQOL.