tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
RECOVERY IN BRAIN SYPHILIS AFTER THE USE OF SALVARSAN
Authors: Nathan B. Eddy
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The rapid and complete recovery in this case after the use of salvarsan seemed sufficiently unique to make the case worthy of record. <h3>Patient.</h3> —F. M., aged 34, married, laborer, was admitted to the hospital Dec. 28, 1912. The family history was of no importance. The patient was moderately alcoholic and had been drinking rather heavily just before the onset of the present illness. He had a severe syphilitic infection in 1903 for which he was treated in hospital one year and discharged as cured. There were no further symptoms until the present time. <h3>Present Trouble.</h3> —During December 1912, the patient had several of what he calls weak spells in which he became dizzy and confused, but did not fall or lose consciousness. Shortly after a hearty dinner, about 2 p. m. Dec. 28, 1912, without prodromes, he suddenly fell to the floor in a general convulsion lasting several minutes,
Abstract P3-14-12: High Risk of Recurrence in Japanese Patients with HER2-Positive T1N0 Breast Cancer
Authors: K Tanaka, H Kawaguchi, C Koga, S Nishimura, T Yoshiyama, H Yamaguchi, Y Nakamura, S. Ohno
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: The necessity of adjuvant trastuzumab therapy for patients with T1N0M0 tumors remains controversial. The objective of this study is to determine the risk of recurrence in Japanese women with T1N0 HER2- positive tumors compared with HER2-negative tumors. Methods: Among 1,180 patients with breast cancers diagnosed at our institution between 2001 and 2007, we reviewed 464 T1N0M0 diseases in which HER2 status was evaluated by IHC or gene amplification, who had not received trastuzumab in the adjuvant setting. Recurrence free survival (RFS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the association of each group with the risk of recurrence. Results: Seventy-nine (17%) of 464 patients had HER2-positive tumors and remaining 385 (83%) were HER2-negative diseases. Patients who had HER2-positive tumors tended to be younger (P=0.015), have more hormone receptor-negative tumors (P&amp;lt;0.001), and have higher histological grade (P&amp;lt;0.001). At a median follow-up of 46 months, 18 patients had experienced recurrences. The 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates were 88.2% and 97.2% in patients with HER2-positive and HER2-negative tumors, respectively (P&amp;lt;0.001). In patients with T1bN0 tumors and T1cN0 tumors, HER2-positive group had worse RFS than HER2-negative group (P=0.004 and P=0.002, respectively), while there were no differences in the RFS between patients with T1aN0 HER2-positive and HER2-negative tumors (P=0.835). In a multivariate analysis, HER2 status was identified as one of the independent risk factors to predict RFS in patients with T1N0M0 breast cancers (hazard ratio 5.23; 95% CI, 2.07 to 13.21; P&amp;lt;0.001). Conclusion: Japanese women with T1bcN0M0 HER2-positive breast cancer have a significant high risk of recurrence, and adjuvant trastuzmab therapy should be considered for those patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-14-12.
Current trends in the management of uremic restless legs syndrome: A systematic review on aspects related to quality of life, cardiovascular mortality and survival
Authors: Giorgos K. Sakkas, Christoforos D. Giannaki, Christina Karatzaferi, Maria Maridaki, Yiannis Koutedakis, Georgios M. Hadjigeorgiou, Ioannis Stefanidis
Journal: Sleep Medicine Reviews (2014)
Obstetric Analgesia and Anesthesia
Authors: Leonard F. Walts
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Dr. Flowers, an obstetrician, has written this book for physicians practicing in his specialty. The author is no stranger to the field of obstetrical anesthesia, having pioneered the use of continuous peridural anesthesia in 1949.  The book contains 11 chapters, each devoted to a different phase of obstetrical anesthesia. Early in the book the author deals with changes in maternal physiology associated with pregnancy that may influence the action of anesthetic agents. An excellent chapter deals with psychological preparation of the pregnant woman. His recommendation on the use of analgetic drugs and their effect on labor is well done. Other notable sections deal with the effects of anesthetic agents on the fetus, and with newborn resuscitation.  Dr. Flowers admirably emphasizes moderation in obstetrical anesthesia. He recommends the judicious use of analgetic drugs and pudendal or paracervical block whenever possible.  Several chapters deal largely with the technique of administration of spinal
A Comparison of Tc-99m-labeled Human Serum Albumin and In Vitro Labeled Red Blood Cells for Blood Pool Studies
Authors: H L ATKINS, J F KLOPPER, A N ANSARI, G MEINKEN, P RICHARDS, S C SRIVASTAVA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1980)

A comparison of Tc-99m-labeled human serum albumin (HSA) and in vitro labeled red blood cells (RBC) was carried out in five subjects. The disappearance of radioactivity from the blood was more rapid for HSA (T ½, 281.6 minutes, range 202.1-318.3) than for RBC (T ½, 1719.8 minutes, range 767.6-5059.5). Urinary excretion was twice as great for HSA. Ratios of activity in heart blood pool to lung and liver were considerably greater for RBC up to 2 hours after administration. The results indicate that labeled RBC are superior to labeled HSA for blood pool imaging.
THE OCULAR PALSIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE INDUCTION OF SPINAL ANESTHESIA BY VARIOUS SOLUTIONSWITH A REPORT OF FIVE CASES
Authors: WENDELL REBER
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Surgical anesthesia produced by lumbar puncture and injection of various local anesthetics (so-called spinal or lumbar anesthesia) is now not only a well-accredited procedure, but one of daily performance in many of the hospitals in the United States. Bier,<sup>1</sup>O. Fürster,<sup>2</sup>and Jonnesco,<sup>3</sup>in Europe, and Wayne Babcock,<sup>4</sup>in this country, as well as many other writers, have pointed out the advantages and contraindications for the procedure. All these authors have alluded to some form of ocular palsy as one of the rare complications of this method of surgical anesthesia. I have, therefore, thought it wise to place on record five instances of such complications and to assemble such other recorded instances as have appeared in the literature. There have been 2,000 lumbar anesthesias induced at the Samaritan Hospital in Philadelphia. Of this number, about 1,400 patients were anesthetized in the service of Dr. W. Wayne
Complications of Direct-Current Countershock
Authors: Leonard S. Dreifus
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The electrocardiographic tracing in question appears to be strip B of Fig 1 in our recent report. Dr. Vigliano is quite right, a more advanced degree of block is present with the atria under the control of a paroxysmal atrial tachycardia at 240 beats per minute with independent activation of the ventricles. A nonparoxysmal nodal tachycardia is present at a rate of 138 beats per minute and controls the ventricles. This mechanism was also seen in strip C and properly described. Digitalis intoxication was identified in strip B, and may have contributed to the onset of ventricular fibrillation two minutes later.
Noel's resurrection.
Authors: C Smith
Journal: BMJ (1990)

happen to Steve could it happen to me?" It's a pity it takes a breakdown to elicit that support.I would encourage any doctor in similar straits to seek help early from colleagues-we're only human, no matter how invincible we try to appear.It was the young who coped and communicated best with me.Honesty and humanity are so precious.Finally, my story represents only the tip of an iceberg.It is not just other Falkland veterans- somewhere in the region of 20% of the combatants- and veterans of other military conflicts who are having problems, or even the survivors of the string of civilian disasters of recent years.It is the individual whose personal disaster does not rate media or, sometimes, even medical recognition but none the less leaves him or her psychologically damaged and, with the increasing fragmentation of the family, less able than ever to find help.Many, like me, will not even be aware that they have a problem.It is for these other victims that I regard the telling of nly story to be essential.In the words of John Bradford, "But for the grace of God....
Food irradiation is safe, says WHO
Authors: N Craft
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Irradiated food products are safe, according to a report published recently by the World Health Organisation. Exposure to low dose ionising radiation increases shelf life and safety by reducing the micro-organisms present in food. The report says that a wide range of foods can be treated, including meat, poultry, seafood, spices, fruit, and vegetables. Irradiation of food has been approved by 40 countries, including Britain, about 30 of which are already using the technique on a limited commercial scale.

The WHO's research into …
Common Screening Tests
Authors: Andrew Zaager
Journal: JAMA (1992)

The subject matter of<i>Common Screening</i>Tests should increasingly appeal to the practicing clinician of the 1990s. We are all faced with such outside pressures as peer review and quality assurance, more stringent controls on third-party reimbursement, and the increasingly knowledgeable patient who requests that you "do every test possible" to diagnose some heretofore occult condition. With the continued inflationary trend in the cost of medical care, we need to pull in the reins on random test ordering. <i>Common Screening Tests</i>aims to educate the physician to order tests more prudently. The book is a collection of position papers previously published in the<i>Annals of Internal Medicine</i>from 1988 to 1991. It begins with an excellent chapter by the editor, David Eddy, MD, PhD, detailing how one should critically evaluate studies of potential tests. For a test to be acceptable for screening purposes, an array of factors must be weighed.
Current Status of Fluoridation
Authors: James M. Dunning
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

IN 1965 it will be twenty years since the first trials of water fluoridation were initiated in Grand Rapids, Michigan, and Newburgh, New York. Since that time vast amounts of information have been collected upon the subject; fluoridation has been hailed as one of the most important public-health measures of the century, and it has also become a bitterly contested issue in the social and political arena. The utilization of fluoridation had advanced steadily until an estimated 46,000,000 Americans were drinking fluoridated water in January, 1964, and 7,000,000 more were living in communities with natural fluoride of optimum or greater . . .
Regulation of E-cadherin Expression by <i>VHL</i> and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor
Authors: Miguel A. Esteban, Maxine G.B. Tran, Sarah K. Harten, Peter Hill, Maria C. Castellanos, Ashish Chandra, Raju Raval, Tim S. O'Brien, Patrick H. Maxwell
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Mutations in von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene (VHL) underlie the VHL hereditary cancer syndrome and also occur in most sporadic clear cell renal cell cancers (CCRCC). Currently, the mechanism(s) by which VHL loss of function promotes tumor development in the kidney are not fully elucidated. Here, we show that VHL inactivation in precancerous lesions in kidneys from patients with VHL disease correlates with marked down-regulation of the intercellular adhesion molecule E-cadherin. Moreover, in VHL-defective cell lines (RCC4 and RCC10) derived from sporadic CCRCC, reexpression of VHL was found to restore E-cadherin expression. The product of the VHL gene has multiple reported functions, the best characterized of which is its role as the recognition component of an ubiquitin E3 ligase complex responsible for mediating oxygen-dependent destruction of hypoxia-inducible factor-α (HIF-α) subunits. We show that HIF activation is necessary and sufficient to suppress E-cadherin in renal cancer cells. Given the fundamental role of E-cadherin in controlling epithelial behavior, our findings give insight into how VHL inactivation/HIF activation may lead to kidney cancer and also indicate a mechanism by which reduced oxygenation could alter E-cadherin expression in other cancers and influence normal homeostasis in other epithelia. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(7): 3567-75)
PAH–DNA Adducts, Cigarette Smoking, <i>GST</i> Polymorphisms, and Breast Cancer Risk
Authors: Kathleen M. McCarty, Regina M. Santella, Susan E. Steck, Rebecca J. Cleveland, Jiyoung Ahn, Christine B. Ambrosone, Kari North, Sharon K. Sagiv, Sybil M. Eng, Susan L. Teitelbaum, Alfred I. Neugut, Marilie D. Gammon
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may increase breast cancer risk, and the association may be modified by inherited differences in deactivation of PAH intermediates by glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Few breast cancer studies have investigated the joint effects of multiple GSTs and a PAH biomarker.
Insulin Antibodies Do Not Preclude Optimization of Metabolic Control in Women With IDDM During Pregnancy
Authors: Nicoletta Dozio, Angelo Beretta, Mariatersa Castiglioni, Susanna Rosa, Marina Scavini, Cristina Belloni, Antonella Poloniato
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the presence of insulin antibodies (IAs) may preclude the optimization of metabolic control during pregnancy and affect outcome in women with IDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS IAs were measured by radiobinding assay in 44 women with IDDM referred to the Diabetes and Pregnancy Outpatients' Clinic during 46 pregnancies. Age, duration of IDDM, metabolic control (HbA1c, mean pre- and postprandial capillary blood glucose, frequency of hypo- or hyperglycemia), insulin requirement at 1st and 3rd trimester of pregnancy, BM1, and weight gain were recorded. Neonatal variables such as gestational age, weight, length, and the presence at birth of either hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, or jaundice requiring phototherapy were also considered. RESULTS IAs correlated positively with insulin requirement (P &amp;lt; 0.05) and negatively with HbA1c at term (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Patients with IA levels ≥ 40% insulin binding (8 of 46) had a higher insulin requirement and lower preprandial capillary blood glucose at the beginning of pregnancy but not at term (P &amp;lt; 0.005), whereas they had lower HbA1c at term than did patients with low IA levels (P &amp;lt; 0.01). IA levels decreased slightly at term (P = 0.007). IA levels ≥ 40% were not associated with a higher rate of hypo- or hyperglycemic episodes or with diabetic complications or thyreopathy. No correlation was found between LA levels and any of the neonatal variables considered. CONCLUSIONS The presence of IAs does not preclude optimization of metabolic control during pregnancy and is compatible with a favourable outcome.
US doctors report shortage of medical isotopes
Authors: M. Day
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A shortage of medical radioactive isotopes is starting to affect the care of patients in the United States, experts say.

“Although the public may not be fully aware, we are in the midst of a global shortage of medical and other isotopes,” said Robert Atcher, the director of the US National Isotope Development Center, at the national meeting of the American Chemical Society in Boston on Sunday.

And he said that the shortage was already forcing some doctors in the US to reduce the number of imaging procedures that they order for patients.

“Doctors have …
The Relation Between Vaginal Spermicides and Congenital Disorders-Reply
Authors: Hershel Jick
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In Reply.—  Currently available data 1,2 on spermicides and malformations argue against a causal association between the two. In commenting on our study, 3 however, Dr Shapiro has been drawn into areas about which he is not well informed. We chose as our exposure variable the acquisition of a vaginal spermicide, as recorded in an automated pharmacy file, within 600 days of delivery. After some discussion we specifically chose not to abstract spermicide exposure data from clinical records. Medical charts are limited and frequently misleading with regard to important details of nonprescription drug use. (We did of course arrange for expert review of all available clinical and laboratory data to decide on the nature of the congenital anomalies.) As we stated in our letter last year in JAMA , 4 4 and as we suggested in our original publication, 3 we consider use of spermicides prior to conception to be a
Samuel Isaac Cohen
Authors: John Cookson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Samuel Cohen was professor of psychiatry at the Royal London Hospital from 1984 to 1990, and on the clinical staff of the hospital from 1961. He was at the forefront of developments in what became known as liaison psychiatry. His greatest administrative achievement was to persuade 10 surgeons and physicians at the London to surrender two beds each, and to open Rachel ward as a psychiatric ward within the general teaching hospital.​hospital.
Strategy for boosting integrity of research is launched in UK
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Leading research funders have signed an agreement outlining the high standards of integrity and research practice that researchers and the organisations that employ them will be expected to meet to secure funding . 

The Concordat to support research integrity aims to provide a comprehensive national framework to aid the production of research founded on rigour, integrity, and excellence recognising the different responsibilities of researchers, employers of researchers, and funders under each if its five commitments. 

It has been signed by the Department of Employment and Learning, Higher Education Funding Council for England, Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, Department of Health, Research Councils UK, Scottish Funding Council, Universities UK, and the Wellcome Trust.

The document acknowledges that there is a need for the research community to promote what it does more effectively “through greater openness and transparency” and to ensure it is “adhering to consistently high standards.” This involves embedding research integrity within institutional processes, through the training and practice of researchers, and …
Doctor jailed for 22 years for abusing boy patients is struck off
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Myles Bradbury, the former consultant in paediatric haematology at Addenbrooke’s Hospital in Cambridge who was jailed for 22 years for abusing 18 boy patients, has been struck off the UK medical register.

Bradbury, 41, admitted abusing 18 vulnerable and seriously ill boys aged between 10 and 15 over a period of three and a half years, including one count of inciting a child to engage in …
Preservation of Endogenous Antioxidant Activity and Inhibition of Lipid Peroxidation as Common Mechanisms of Antiatherosclerotic Effects of Vitamin E, Lovastatin and Amlodipine
Authors: Liying Chen, W.Herbert Haught, Baichun Yang, Tom G.P Saldeen, Sampath Parathasarathy, Jawahar L Mehta
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1997)
Treatment of Traumatic Hyphema
Authors: Daniel C. Love
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I refer to Dr Kershner's<sup>1</sup>letter challenging the routine use of oral steroids for traumatic hyphema as advocated by Dr Yasuna.<sup>2</sup>Although the authors admit that the treatment of traumatic hyphema is controversial, I was surprised that neither author mentioned the use of antifibrinolytic therapy with aminocaproic acid for this condition. I feel it is important that the general medical community be informed about this therapy that is being recommended by experts in the field for routine use in the management of traumatic hyphema.<sup>3</sup> Two prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trials in humans<sup>4,5</sup>plus one in rabbits<sup>6</sup>have been consistent in showing a 28% to 32% rebleeding rate in controls with only a 3% to 5% incidence of repeated hemorrhage in aminocaproic acid-treated eyes. The proposed mechanism involves competitive inhibition of the body's fibrinolytic system, thus preventing early fibrin dissolution before recently injured
Dual Loyalty and Human Rights in Health Professional Practice: Proposed Guidelines and Institutional Mechanisms
Authors: C. Beyrer
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hormone Replacement Therapy and the Risk for First Hip Fracture
Authors: Tord Naessén
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Objective: To determine the relative risk for sustaining a first hip fracture after hormone replacement therapy. Design: Prospective population-based cohort study with an average observation period of 5. 7 years. Setting: A prescription-based cohort in the Uppsala health care region in Sweden. Participants: The cohort (23 246 women) comprised virtually all women of 35 years of age and older who received noncontraceptive estrogens from April 1977 through March 1980. Comparisons were made with women in the background population. Measurements: Follow-up through 1983 was done with regard to hospital admissions for a first cervical or trochanteric hip fracture. The observed number of cases was compared with that expected on the basis of person-years of observation in the cohort and incidence rates in the background population. Analyses were made in exposure categories, based solely on prescription data. Main Results: During 133 022 person-years of observation, 163 cases of first hip fracture occurred, compared with the 205. 5 expected, yielding an overall relative risk of 0.79 (95% CI, 0.68 to 0.93). The greatest protective effect (relative risk, 0.37; CI, 0.13 to 0.79) was found against trochanteric fracture among women receiving potent estrogens who were under 60 years of age at cohort entry. This group also had the highest proportion of treatments with combinations of estrogens and progestogen (41%). Treatment with less potent estrogens, mainly estriols, had no protective effect. Data indicated that the baseline risk for hip fracture was not lower in the cohort women than in the background population. Conclusions: Treatment with potent estrogens, both alone and possibly when combined with progestogens, reduces the risk for both cervical and trochanteric hip fractures within the first decade after menopause.