tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The impact of disease on family members: a critical aspect of medical care
Authors: Catherine Jane Golics, Mohammad Khurshid Azam Basra, Andrew Yule Finlay, Sam Salek
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2013)

Most existing health-related quality of life research concerns the impact of disease on patients. However, in several medical specialties including dermatology, oncology, and physical and mental disability, studies have been carried out investigating the impact of disease on the lives of families of patients. The aim of this paper is to review the literature which relates to the impact of disease on family members of patients. The OVIDSP Medline was selected as the primary database, Searches were limited to sources published in English. 158 papers were identified for review. The definition of “family” varied across the literature, and a broad definition was accepted in this review. This review shows that a wide variety of aspects of family members’ lives can be affected, including emotional, financial, family relationships, education and work, leisure time, and social activities. Many of these themes are linked to one another, with themes including financial impact and social impact being linked to emotional impact. Some positive aspects were also identified from the literature, including family relationships growing stronger. Several instruments exist to measure the impact of illness on the family, and most are disease or specialty- specific. The impact of disease on families of patients is often unrecognised and underestimated. Taking into account the quality of life of families as well as patients can offer the clinician a unique insight into issues such as family relationships and the effect of treatment decisions on the patient's close social group of partner and family.
Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation
Authors: T. Lancaster, J. Mant, D. E Singer
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Epidemiological research has established that non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation is an important risk factor for stroke. It increases the risk about fivefold and is particularly important in elderly people, in whom the prevalence of atrial fibrillation is high.1 Randomised trials have shown that this risk is largely reversed by anticoagulation.2 3 The prescription of warfarin for stroke prevention has increased, but concerns about the risks of bleeding continue to dampen enthusiasm for its wider use.4 Targeting those with a higher risk of stroke ensures that only those with most to gain from anticoagulation are exposed to its risks.2 However, reducing the risks will require safer anticoagulation strategies. Three have been tested in recent research: very low intensity warfarin, aspirin, and a combination of these two treatments.

Information about the efficacy of these strategies is now available from both observational and experimental studies. In a case-control analysis 74 patients with non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation who suffered a stroke while taking warfarin were compared with 222 patients with atrial fibrillation who had not had a stroke while anticoagulated.5 …
1094-156 Usefulness of primary percutaneous coronary intervention with thrombectomy plus distal protection system for acute myocardial infarction: Assessment of salvaged myocardium with a rest thallium-201 and iodine-123 BMIPP SPECT
Authors: Ryo Nakazato, Masao Moroi, Taeko Kunimasa, Hiroshi Fukuda, Hideyuki Sakai, Hidehiko Hara, Hisao Hara, Taro Tsunoda, Masato Nakamura, Kaoru Sugi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
The effect of antidiuretic hormone on solute flows in mammalian collecting tubules
Authors: James A. Schafer, Thomas E. Andreoli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

These experiments were intended to evaluate the antidiuretic hormone (ADH)-dependent reflection coefficients of urea, sucrose, and NaCl in cortical and outer medullary collecting tubules isolated from mammalian kidney. In one group of experiments, the ADH-dependent osmotic water flows, when the perfusing solutions contained hypotonic NaCl solutions, were indistinguishable from control observations when either urea or sucrose replaced, in part, NaCl in isotonic bathing solutions (cortical collecting tubules). Similarly, both in cortical and outer medullary collecting tubules exposed to ADH, there was zero net osmotic volume flow when a portion of the NaCl in the bathing and/or perfusing solutions was replaced by either sucrose or urea, so long as the perfusing and bathing solutions were isosmolal. Taken together, these observations suggest that the ADH-dependent reflection coefficients of NaCl, urea, and sucrose, in these tubules, were identical. Since the effective hydrodynamic radii of urea and sucrose are, respectively, 1.8 and 5.2 A, it is likely that σi, for urea, sucrose, and NaCl, was unity. In support of this, the diffusion permeability coefficient (PDi cm sec-1) of urea was indistinguishable from zero. Since the limiting sites for urea penetration were the luminal interfaces of the tubules, these data are consistent with the view that ADH increases diffusional water flow across such interfaces.
Psychosomatic Mechanism under Social Changes in Japan
Authors: Yujiro Ikemi, Yukihiro Ago, Shunji Nakagawa, Shu Mori, Nobuo Takahashi, Hiroyuki Suematsu, Mineyasu Sugita
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1974)

After the termination of the Second World War, Japan was forced to reorganize its social and value systems. It has been a very difficult task to establish a constructive identity because the Japanese suddenly overthrew the old social establishment and traditional value system. Not only the direct ill-effects of modern industry such as the destruction of nature and also air pollution, but also drastic changes in the socio-cultural background have exerted a serious influence upon the health of the Japanese. I have presented some psychosomatic problems in which such an influence has been reasonably confirmed.
A Randomised Phase 2 Trial of Intensive Induction Chemotherapy (CBOP/BEP) and Standard BEP in Poor-prognosis Germ Cell Tumours (MRC TE23, CRUK 05/014, ISRCTN 53643604)
Authors: Robert A. Huddart, Rhian Gabe, Fay H. Cafferty, Philip Pollock, Jeff D. White, Jonathan Shamash, Michael H. Cullen, Sally P. Stenning
Journal: European Urology (2014)

Standard chemotherapy for poor-prognosis metastatic nonseminoma has remained bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP) for many years; more effective regimens are required. To explore whether response rates with a new intensive chemotherapy regimen, CBOP/BEP (carboplatin, bleomycin, vincristine, cisplatin/BEP), versus those in concurrent patients treated with standard BEP justify a phase 3 trial. We conducted a phase 2 open-label randomised trial in patients with germ cell tumours of any extracranial primary site and one or more International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group poor-prognosis features. Patients were randomised between 2005 and 2009 at 16 UK centres. BEP (bleomycin 30 000 IU) was composed of four cycles over 12 wk. CBOP/BEP was composed of 2 × CBOP, 2 × BO, and 3 × BEP (bleomycin 15 000 IU). Primary end point was favourable response rate (FRR) comprising complete response or partial response and normal markers. Success required the lower two-sided 90% confidence limit to exclude FRRs <60%; 44 patients on CBOP/BEP gives 90% power to achieve this if the true FRR is ≥80%. Equal numbers were randomised to BEP to benchmark contemporary response rates. A total of 89 patients were randomised (43 CBOP/BEP, 46 BEP); 40 and 41, respectively, completed treatment. CBOP/BEP toxicity, largely haematologic, was high (96% vs 63% on BEP had Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v.3 grade ≥3). FRRs were 74% (90% confidence interval [CI], 61–85) with CBOP/BEP, 61% with BEP (90% CI, 48–73). After a median of 58-mo follow-up, 1-yr progression-free survival (PFS) was 65% and 43%, respectively (hazard ratio: 0.59; 95% CI, 0.33–1.06); 2-yr overall survival (OS) was 67% and 61%. Overall, 3 of 14 CBOP/BEP and 2 of 18 BEP deaths were attributed to toxicity, one after an overdose of bleomycin during CBOP/BEP. The trial was not powered to compare PFS. The primary outcome was met, the CI for CBOP/BEP excluding FRRs <61%, but CBOP/BEP was more toxic. PFS and OS data are promising but require confirmation in an international phase 3 trial. In this study we tested a new, more intensive way to deliver a combination of drugs often used to treat men with testicular cancer. We found that response rates were higher but that the CBOP/BEP regimen caused more short-term toxicity. Because most patients are diagnosed when their cancer is less advanced, it took twice as long to complete the trial as expected. Although we plan to carry out a larger trial, we will need international collaboration. ISRCTN53643604; http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN53643604.
Clinical Report.A CASE OF TRAUMATIC ANEURISM.
Authors: C. M. TINSMAN
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Patient.  —Saloonkeeper, aged 45, American, in good health. Aneurism involves all the arteries on the right side of the neck. (Fig. 1.)  History.  —At the age of 12, while trimming a tree, it rolled over, one of the limbs striking him under the chin, just in front of the angle of the jaw, cutting a gash from one bone to the other, the scar of which still remains. Three hours after the accident the tongue was swollen to such an extent that he was unable to speak or take nourishment. Four days after the accident the aneurism was as large as to-day and very painful. The swelling of the tongue subsided on appearance of the aneurism. Two weeks after the accident he resumed his work as a farm hand, although suffering continually. About four years later he was thrown from a horse. This caused what he
Late-onset hereditary anemia: why the delay?
Authors: J P Kushner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Changes in erythropoiesis associated with aging have been de- scribed in both humans and animals, yet in transplantation models marrow cells from old donors function as well as cells from young donors (1).This suggests that factors extrinsic to the hematopoietic stem cell may affect erythropoiesis in the elderly.Many nutritional factors are required to support erythropoiesis, but three essential vitamins stand out: vitamin B12 (cyanoco- balamin), folic acid, and vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) (2).Vitamin B12 and folic acid are required to maintain the high rate of DNA synthesis in the erythron.Vitamin B6 functions as a coenzyme in a wide variety of reactions, most of which involve amino acid metabolism.The primary role of vitamin B6 in erythropoiesis is as a cofactor (pyridoxal phosphate) in the formation of amino- levulinic acid, the first and rate-limiting step in the heme biosyn- thetic pathway.Several inherited disorders respond to pharma- cologic doses of pyridoxine, even though pyridoxine deficiency is not present.These disorders include cystathioninuria, homocystinuria, xanthurenic aciduria, and pyridoxine-responsive sid- eroblastic anemia.In this issue of The Journal, Cotter and colleagues describe two elderly patients who were initially thought to have acquired sideroblastic anemia, a relatively common myelodysplastic disorder (3).These patients differed from the usual in that the anemia was microcytic rather than macrocytic.Both patients demonstrated striking responses to the administration of pyri- doxine.In both cases, point mutations in the erythroid-specific form of 6-aminolevulinate synthase were identified.The muta-
Increased Release of NO During Ischemia Reduces Myocardial Contractility and Improves Metabolic Dysfunction
Authors: Koichi Node, Masafumi Kitakaze, Hiroaki Kosaka, Kazuo Komamura, Tetsuo Minamino, Michitoshi Inoue, Michihiko Tada, Masatsugu Hori, Takenobu Kamada
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background We have reported that myocardial ischemia increases nitric oxide (NO) production. Several lines of evidence suggest that NO reduces myocardial contraction. Therefore, we tested whether endogenous NO decreases the inotropic response of the ischemic myocardium and whether endogenous NO is beneficial in the metabolic function of ischemic myocardium. Methods and Results The left anterior descending coronary artery was perfused with blood from the left carotid artery in 72 dogs. An infusion of N G -nitro- l -arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of NO synthase, did not affect fractional shortening (FS) under nonischemic conditions. After reduction of perfusion pressure so that coronary blood flow decreased to 60% of the control value, FS of the perfused area decreased, and intravenous infusion of isoproterenol increased FS. Before and during intravenous infusion of isoproterenol under conditions of coronary hypoperfusion, FS was significantly increased in the L-NAME group compared with the untreated group. Both lactate extraction ratio and the pH in coronary venous blood were significantly lower in the L-NAME–treated group than in the untreated group during coronary hypoperfusion. Infusion of l -arginine prevented the effects of L-NAME in the ischemic myocardium. Conclusions These results indicate that endogenous NO reduces myocardial contractile function and improves myocardial metabolic function in the ischemic heart. The myocardial energy–sparing effect as well as coronary vasodilation due to NO may be beneficial to the ischemic myocardium.
421 A new bio-mathematical model to describe the dynamics of HBV-DNA and infected hepatocytes in HBEAG-negative/anti-HBE-positive chronic hepatitis B patients treated with peginterferon alfa-2A (40KD) (PEGASYS®), lamivudine, or PEGASYS® plus lamivudine combin
Authors: P. Colombatto, R. Bizzarri, L. Civitano, F. Oliveri, F. Bonino, G. Germanidis, P. Farci, G. Kitis, S. Hadziyannis, S. Choudhury, R. Gieschke, F. Zahm, M. Brunetto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Impaired Insulin/IGF1 Signaling Extends Life Span by Promoting Mitochondrial L-Proline Catabolism to Induce a Transient ROS Signal
Authors: Kim Zarse, Sebastian Schmeisser, Marco Groth, Steffen Priebe, Gregor Beuster, Doreen Kuhlow, Reinhard Guthke, Matthias Platzer, C. Ronald Kahn, Michael Ristow
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2012)
PROBLEMS FOR MEDICAL PRACTICE PRESENTED BY FAMILIES WITH A SCHIZOPHRENIC MEMBER
Authors: ROBERT H. DYSINGER, MURRAY BOWEN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

Medical practice with 7 families with a schizophrenic son or daughter regularly encountered difficulties in accomplishing medical evaluations and treatment. The use of medical services by the parents and the son or daughter was extensively involved in intense emotional processes. Two modes of relating are described as an acting out of feelings of helplessness and an acting out of a denial of these feelings. A variation is described in which the acting out of feelings of helplessness took the form of a concern about another. The emotional pressures tended to lead to inaccurate medical overdiagnosis and overtreatment in response to the acted out feelings of helplessness and to inaccurate medical estimates of good health in response to the acted out denial pattern. When medical findings differed from the emotional view, the clinical relationship could reach a difficult point. The problems in the medical experiences appeared to be one clear evidence of general processes pervading the family emotional life.
Iatrogenic muscle fibrosis. Arm levitation as an initial sign
Authors: B. E. Levin
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Three patients had iatrogenic muscle fibrosis, without weakness or sensory loss. Deltoid muscle fibrosis produced the unique clinical sign of gradual, involuntary, and irreducible arm levitation. The third patient had both levitated arms and levitated legs, a result of injections in the rectus femoris muscles. Repeated intramuscular injections apparently resulted in muscle fibrosis and intramuscular nerve-twig damage. Pentazocine (Talwin) is a particularly offending agent. One patient showed an unusual tissue reaction to foreign material, which may have played a role in her muscle fibrosis. Nevertheless, dramatic recovery of muscle function followed surgical sectioning of the fibrous deltoid bands. (<i>JAMA</i>234:621-624, 1975)
Roche is suspended from ABPI for "actions likely to bring discredit" on the industry
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Roche has been suspended from membership of the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry (ABPI) for a minimum of six months over serious breaches of the association’s code of practice.

In particular, the company was held to be in breach of clause 2, which deals with actions likely to bring discredit on, or reduce confidence in, the drug industry.

The action followed a complaint made by a former Roche employee, Ryta Kuzel, who referred to an article in the Financial Times (www.ft.com, 12 Feb, “Diet pills case sheds light on Roche practice”) that alleged the company had sold large quantities of orlistat (Xenical), a prescription only drug for the treatment of obesity, to the operator of a group of private diet clinics. The …
Right Ventricular Infarction Causes Heterogeneous Autonomic Denervation of the Viable Peri-infarct Area
Authors: Arif Elvan, Douglas P. Zipes
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Because efferent autonomic pathways to the right ventricle (RV) differ from the efferent autonomic projections to the left ventricle (LV), we assessed the effects of RV infarction on this innervation.We measured the ventricular effective refractory period (ERP) shortening in response to bilateral ansae subclaviae stimulation and ERP lengthening induced by bilateral vagal stimulation as markers of autonomic innervation before and after RV myocardial infarction (RVMI) produced by coronary ligation (n=28 dogs) or intracoronary latex injection (n=18 dogs) into a marginal branch of the right coronary artery in open-chest anesthetized dogs. In each dog, ERPs measured in viable peri-infarct area at two RV outflow tract (RVOT) sites and two septal and four lateral sites at the RV free wall after RVMI showed reduced or absent ERP shortening during bilateral ansae subclaviae stimulation laterally, septally, and at RVOT sites 3 hours after RVMI. ERP shortening in response to infused norepinephrine was still present. Bilateral vagal stimulation during background norepinephrine infusion (0.10 to 0.25 microg/kg per minute) lengthened the ERP at all test sites before latex injection. After transmural RVMI, vagally induced ERP prolongation was attenuated or lost at lateral, septal, and RVOT test sites.RVMI causes sympathetic and vagal denervation at viable sites at the RVOT, lateral, and, to a lesser extent, septal sides of the viable peri-infarct area. Autonomic denervation in the RVOT might contribute to the development of ventricular tachyarrhythmias after the acute stage of myocardial infarction involving the RV.
Leptospirosis Due to Leptospira pomona
Authors: Wilmer J. Coggins
Journal: JAMA (1962)

IN THE LAST 10 YEARS widespread occurrence of human leptospirosis in the United States has been documented. Before that time, clinical interest in and recognition of this pathogenic spirochete had been limited to sporadically reported cases of Weil's syndrome. In 1951, Schaeffer reported the first epidemic leptospiral outbreak in this country, and in the same year sporadic cases of anicteric leptospirosis were reported by Beeson and associates, Coffey and coworkers and Lerner and Lindsey.  In 1952, Gochenour and associates identifiedLeptospira autumnalisas the etiologic agent in pretibial fever which was described in 1943 by Daniels and Grennan. The latter authors recognized the similarity of their patients to those reported by Bowdoin in Georgia in 1942, and antibodies toLept. pomonawere later demonstrated in the serums from some of Bowdoin's patients. Since then, 3 outbreaks have been identified in Georgia, one in Wyoming, and one in North Dakota.  These
Malaria in Wolverhampton.
Authors: R G Thompson, I A Harper, A M Patel, W S Allan
Journal: BMJ (1979)

family, with the additional problems at home arising from the excessive washing involved.It is no comfort to child or parent to be told, "He will grow out of it."We feel, then, that it is unfair to dismiss a potentially useful treatment so sweepingly.Surely it would be more sensible for us to aim to educate parents to treat the drugs with caution, and to make more use of childproof containers both for syrup and for tablets.
La Maladie Du Petit Papier
Authors: John F. Burnum
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Traditional medical wisdom holds that patients who relate their complaints to their physicians from prepared lists are, ipso facto, emotionally ill. List writing, therefore, is called la maladie du petit papier, the illness of the little piece of paper, occasionally written maladie du morceau du papier. Osler's aphorism 309 states, "A patient with a written list of symptoms — neurasthenia."1 DeGowin and DcGowin in their venerable textbook on diagnosis say that note writing is "almost a sure sign of psychoneurosis. The patient with organic disease does not require references to written notes to give the essence of his . . .
Common sequence variants on 20q11.22 confer melanoma susceptibility
Authors: Kevin M Brown, Stuart MacGregor, Grant W Montgomery, David W Craig, Zhen Zhen Zhao, Kelly Iyadurai, Anjali K Henders, Nils Homer, Megan J Campbell, Mitchell Stark, Shane Thomas, Helen Schmid, Elizabeth A Holland, Elizabeth M Gillanders, David L Duffy, Judith A Maskiell, Jodie Jetann, Megan Ferguson, Dietrich A Stephan, Anne E Cust, David Whiteman, Adele Green, Håkan Olsson, Susana Puig, Paola Ghiorzo, Johan Hansson, Florence Demenais, Alisa M Goldstein, Nelleke A Gruis, David E Elder, Julia Newton Bishop, Richard F Kefford, Graham G Giles, Bruce K Armstrong, Joanne F Aitken, John L Hopper, Nicholas G Martin, Jeffrey M Trent, Graham J Mann, Nicholas K Hayward
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
A highly efficient, stable, and rapid approach for ex vivo human liver gene therapy via a FLAP lentiviral vector
Authors: Carlo Giannini, Serban Morosan, Guilherme J. Tralhao, Jacques Emmanuel Guidotti, Serena Battaglia, Karine Mollier, Laurent Hannoun, Dina Kremsdorf, Helene Gilgenkrantz, Pierre Charneau
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Allogenic hepatocyte transplantation or autologous transplantation of genetically modified hepatocytes has been used successfully to correct congenital or acquired liver diseases and can be considered as an alternative to orthotopic liver transplantation. However, hepatocytes are neither easily maintained in culture nor efficiently genetically modified and are very sensitive to dissociation before their reimplantation into the recipient. These difficulties have greatly limited the use of an ex vivo approach in clinical trials. In the present study, we have shown that primary human and rat hepatocytes can be efficiently transduced with a FLAP lentiviral vector without the need for plating and culture. Efficient transduction of nonadherent primary hepatocytes was achieved with a short period of contact with vector particles, without modifying hepatocyte viability, and using reduced amounts of vector. We also showed that the presence of the DNA FLAP in the vector construct was essential to reach high levels of transduction. Moreover, transplanted into uPA/SCID mouse liver, lentivirally transduced primary human hepatocytes extensively repopulated their liver and maintained a differentiated and functional phenotype as assessed by the stable detection of human albumin and antitrypsin in the serum of the animals for months. In conclusion, the use of FLAP lentiviral vectors allows, in a short period of time, a high transduction efficiency of human functional and reimplantable hepatocytes. This work therefore opens new perspectives for the development of human clinical trials based on liver-directed ex vivo gene therapy.