tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Response to radiation incidents and radionuclear threats
Authors: Jonathan R Benger
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Response to radiation incidents and radionuclear threatsMedical treatment should be given only when safe to do so Editor-Turai et al reviewed the medical response to radiation incidents and radionuclear threats. 1 Puzzlingly, they say that providing care for a patient in a life threatening condition always has priority over decontamination from radioactive materials or those actions required for the safety of others involved (medical staff, emergency rescue teams) or related to the wider public and environment. 1I disagree.This statement will encourage inexperienced staff to disregard the safety of themselves and others in a "heroic" attempt to treat those ill and injured.The latest edition of the Major Incident Medical Management and Support Course rightly emphasises self and scene safety over that of survivors. 2Experience has shown again and again that well meaning but poorly trained or equipped rescue and medical staff are highly likely to become further victims. 3As an example, the article points out that some of the 28 radiation deaths from the Chernobyl disaster of 1986 were among fire fighters.Medical treatment should be given only when it is safe to do so: poorly considered and risky actions will simply lengthen the list of casualties.
Ranitidine in the treatment of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug associated gastric and duodenal ulcers.
Authors: M J Lancaster-Smith, M E Jaderberg, D A Jackson
Journal: Gut (1991)

In a multicentre study the effect of ranitidine on healing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) associated peptic ulcers was compared in a group of patients who had stopped NSAID treatment with another group who continued with NSAID treatment. A total of 190 patients with confirmed ulcers were randomised to continue or stop NSAID treatment. All patients in addition received ranitidine 150 mg twice daily. Patients were endoscopically monitored at four, eight, and 12 weeks. Gastric ulcers at eight weeks had healed in 63% of those taking NSAIDs compared with 95% of those who had stopped NSAID treatment. For duodenal ulcer the healing rates at eight weeks were 84% in the group continuing NSAIDs compared with 100% in those who stopped NSAIDs. The differences in healing rates were statistically significant for both gastric ulcer (p = 0.001) and for duodenal ulcer (p = 0.006). At 12 weeks, 79% of gastric ulcers and 92% of duodenal ulcers were healed in the group continuing with NSAIDs. All patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers who stopped taking NSAIDs were healed at 12 weeks. The study shows that ranitidine 150 mg twice daily effectively heals NSAID associated peptic ulcers. Healing is more successful when NSAID treatment stops but even if these drugs are continued, substantial healing rates are achievable.
Shared care-is it worth it for the patient?
Authors: Iolo Doull
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2012)

For any specialized medical service there is a fundamental tension between the demands for quality, access and sustainability, with affordability an ever more important factor. For cystic fibrosis (CF) services, patients ideally want their care from a high quality specialist CF centre, delivered on their door step with no limitation on the services provided. In practice this may be available only to those who live in close proximity to a CF centre, and the further a patient lives from a CF centre the more difficult it may be to offer optimal care. For patients who do not live close to a CF centre, compromises will have to be made between quality and access. The ideal should be to deliver specialized services as close as possible to the patient's home without compromising quality.

Underpinning the construction of guidelines for specialized medical services is the belief that specialized care is better than non-specialized care, and that there is a minimum number of patients who need to be cared for within that service to maintain expertise. Although there is considerable evidence of such effects in adult specialities, there is less evidence in children's specialities. It is arguable that this is a reflection of the difficulty with outcome measures for paediatric practice compared to adult practice – mortality is frequently used in adult studies, but in the 21st century is applicable to few paediatric diseases. This review will assess the evidence for specialized services for adults and children, and specifically the evidence for specialist and shared care for adults and children with CF.
Abstract 2809: Pathway dependence on the tyrosine kinase TYK2 in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Takaomi Sanda, Jeffrey W. Tyner, Alejandro Gutierrez, Vu N. Ngo, Richard Moriggl, Yebin Ahn, Jason Glover, Bill H. Chang, Stephanie G. Willis, Wenjun Zhou, Nathanael S. Gray, Louis M. Staudt, Brian J. Druker, A Thomas Look
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract To identify novel oncogenic pathways that are dysregulated in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), we carried out an RNA interference (RNAi) screen using a retroviral library of inducible short-hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) in T-ALL cell lines. We found that loss of TYK2, a JAK family tyrosine kinase, was lethal in each of three T-ALL cell lines that we tested in this screen. An independent RNAi screen using a small-interference RNA (siRNA) library that individually silences each member of the tyrosine kinase gene family in primary T-ALL cells from a pediatric T-ALL specimens also demonstrated a dependence on TYK2 for cell viability. We confirmed by targeted knock-down analysis with multiple independent shRNAs that the loss of TYK2 induces apoptosis in T-ALL cells, whereas knock-down of other JAK proteins (JAK1, JAK2 or JAK3) had no effect. The TYK2 protein is constitutively phosphorylated on tyrosine residues in many T-ALL cell lines, and sequence analysis of the TYK2 gene in T-ALL cell lines and patient samples revealed a diversity of TYK2 point mutations in the FERM domain (V15A), pseudo-kinase domain (V731I) and kinase domain (E957D and R1027H). TYK2 cDNAs harboring each of these mutations, but not wild-type TYK2 cDNA, could transform Ba/F3 cells to factor-independent growth, and TYK2 was heavily phosphorylated in the Ba/F3 cell lines transformed with mutant cDNAs, indicating that these mutations activated the TYK2 kinase. TYK2-dependent T-ALL cell lines and the transformed Ba/F3 cells were sensitive to small-molecule JAK/TYK2 inhibitors. Moreover, we identified that inhibition of TYK2 induces downregulation of STAT1 phosphorylation, and that loss of STAT1 inhibits the growth of TYK2-dependent T-ALL cells, indicating that this transcription factor is involved in the TYK2 pathway and required for cell survival. Gene expression analysis after TYK2 or STAT1 knock-down in TYK2-dependent T-ALL cell lines revealed that BCL2 is upregulated by this pathway. In conclusion, our results establish a requirement for the TYK2-STAT1 pathway to promote T-ALL cell the survival, and establish TYK2 as a novel therapeutic target for this disease. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2809. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2809
Production of a T cell hybridoma that expresses the T cell receptor gamma/delta heterodimer.
Authors: W M Yokoyama, F Koning, G Stingl, J A Bluestone, J E Coligan, E M Shevach
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

We have produced a T cell hybridoma line by fusion of an IL-2-dependent, long-term T cell receptor (TCR) gamma/delta+ Thy-1+, bone marrow-derived, dendritic epidermal cell line to the BW5147 tumor line. The resultant hybridoma was rapidly growing, lymphokine independent, and expressed T3 in association with the TCR gamma/delta heterodimer. Several subclones of the hybridoma line produced easily detectable levels of IL-2 after stimulation by anti-T3 or Con A. The availability of these cloned cell lines should greatly facilitate further functional, biochemical, and molecular studies of the TCR delta chain.
Alexander Mitchell Stalker
Authors: Henry B Goodall
Journal: BMJ (2005)

​FormerFormer general practitioner Dundee (b Dundee 1920; q St Andrews 1944; TD), d 6 December 2004.




Figure 1




Sandy Stalker was a house surgeon in 1944 before serving in the Royal Army Medical Corps in the United Kingdom and India. He was a medical registrar from 1948 to 1951 and then a general practitioner in Dundee until 1967. From 1967 to 1972 he was a senior staff physician at Rochester State Hospital, Minnesota, United States, and then returned to general practice in Dundee. His career in the Territorial Army included nine years as officer in command of 153 (Highland) Field Ambulance. He leaves a wife, Jean, and a daughter.
Segregation of Tactile Input Features in Neurons of the Cuneate Nucleus
Authors: Henrik Jörntell, Fredrik Bengtsson, Pontus Geborek, Anton Spanne, Alexander V. Terekhov, Vincent Hayward
Journal: Neuron (2014)

<h2>Summary</h2> Our tactile perception of external objects depends on skin-object interactions. The mechanics of contact dictates the existence of fundamental spatiotemporal input features—contact initiation and cessation, slip, and rolling contact—that originate from the fact that solid objects do not interpenetrate. However, it is unknown whether these features are represented within the brain. We used a novel haptic interface to deliver such inputs to the glabrous skin of finger/digit pads and recorded from neurons of the cuneate nucleus (the brain's first level of tactile processing) in the cat. Surprisingly, despite having similar receptive fields and response properties, each cuneate neuron responded to a unique combination of these inputs. Hence, distinct haptic input features are encoded already at subcortical processing stages. This organization maps skin-object interactions into rich representations provided to higher cortical levels and may call for a re-evaluation of our current understanding of the brain's somatosensory systems.
MODERN AIDS TO CATARACT EXTRACTION
Authors: GEORGE S. DERBY
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Although a number of writers have called attention to the advantages of paralyzing the orbicularis by the injection of procain before operating, it hardly seems as though the method were as widely adopted as it deserves to be. In my opinion it constitutes one of the greatest advances in the technic of cataract extraction that has been developed in recent times. I began to use it more than two years ago, and it has proved so valuable that now it is a routine procedure in all cataract operations performed in my service at the Massachusetts Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary. The technic of the injection is probably well known to you all. It is made slightly posterior to the point at which the vertical tangent of the external wall of the orbit meets the horizontal tangent of the lower orbital margin. The needle is introduced along the lower orbital margin
ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 Guidelines for Device-Based Therapy of Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities
Authors: Andrew E. Epstein, John P. DiMarco, Kenneth A. Ellenbogen, N.A. Mark Estes, Roger A. Freedman, Leonard S. Gettes, A. Marc Gillinov, Gabriel Gregoratos, Stephen C. Hammill, David L. Hayes, Mark A. Hlatky, L. Kristin Newby, Richard L. Page, Mark H. Schoenfeld, Michael J. Silka, Lynne Warner Stevenson, Michael O. Sweeney
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2008)
Pityriasis lichenoides chronica presenting as hypopigmentation
Authors: ROGER CLAYTON, ANDREW WARIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1979)

Journal Article Pityriasis lichenoides chronica presenting as hypopigmentation Get access ROGER CLAYTON, ROGER CLAYTON Department of Dermatology, St Mary's Hospital, and St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London Reprint requests: Dr R.J. Clayton, Skin Department, St Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London W2. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ANDREW WARIN ANDREW WARIN Department of Dermatology, St Mary's Hospital, and St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 100, Issue 3, 1 March 1979, Pages 297–302, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1979.tb06202.x Published: 01 March 1979
The Role of H-Y Antigen in Primary Sex Determination
Authors: Susumu Ohno
Journal: JAMA (1978)

The basic embryonic plan of mammals is inherently feminine. Male development is due to two-step interventions of this basic plan: the Y chromosome directs the embryonic indifferent gonad to organize a testis instead of an ovary; the Y-organized testis synthesizes and secretes testosterone, which induces all the extragonadal masculine development. The Y chromosome plays no direct and appreciable role in extragonadal masculine development. Testicular organization, normally under the direction of the Y, is the function of the evolutionary conserved plasma membrane protein serologically detectable as H-Y antigen. Under specific circumstances, H-Y antigen may be expressed in the absence of the Y chromosome, thus producing XO and XX males. If H-Y antigen is not expressed, XY individuals develop as females. H-Y antigen is the first plasma membrane or cell surface protein to which a specific organogenesis function has been assigned.
Coenzyme A sequestration in rat hearts oxidizing ketone bodies.
Authors: R R Russell, H Taegtmeyer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Previous studies have indicated that ketone body-mediated contractile failure in rat hearts is due to inhibition of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, and it has been speculated that this inhibition is due to the sequestration of intramitochondrial CoA as acetoacetyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA. These studies were performed to determine whether oxidation of acetoacetate by isolated rat heart mitochondria results in a fall in intramitochondrial nonesterified CoA [CoASH] and whether increasing the available CoA improves contractile performance in hearts oxidizing acetoacetate. The oxidation of acetoacetate by isolated rat heart mitochondria resulted in depressed state 3 respiration as well as in a decrease in [CoASH]. Increasing the tissue content of CoASH in perfused hearts by providing the precursors for CoA relieved inhibition of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase and improved the contractile performance of isolated working hearts. In contrast, the addition of carnitine increased the tissue content of CoASH but did not improve function. These findings suggest the presence of two different pools of CoASH. We conclude that ketone body-mediated inhibition of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase is due to decreased intramitochondrial CoASH and that this inhibition of the citric acid cycle is a plausible mechanism for concomitant contractile failure.
Integrins Regulate Repulsion-Mediated Dendritic Patterning of Drosophila Sensory Neurons by Restricting Dendrites in a 2D Space
Authors: Chun Han, Denan Wang, Peter Soba, Sijun Zhu, Xinhua Lin, Lily Yeh Jan, Yuh-Nung Jan
Journal: Neuron (2012)

Dendrites of the same neuron usually avoid each other. Some neurons also repel similar neurons through dendrite-dendrite interaction to tile the receptive field. Nonoverlapping coverage based on such contact-dependent repulsion requires dendrites to compete for limited space. Here we show that Drosophila class IV dendritic arborization (da) neurons, which tile the larval body wall, grow their dendrites mainly in a 2D space on the extracellular matrix (ECM) secreted by the epidermis. Removing neuronal integrins or blocking epidermal laminin production causes dendrites to grow into the epidermis, suggesting that integrin-laminin interaction attaches dendrites to the ECM. We further show that some of the previously identified tiling mutants fail to confine dendrites in a 2D plane. Expansion of these mutant dendrites in three dimensions results in overlap of dendritic fields. Moreover, overexpression of integrins in these mutant neurons effectively reduces dendritic crossing and restores tiling, revealing an additional mechanism for tiling.
In Vitro Methods in Cell-Mediated Immunity in Man
Authors: Barry R. Bloom
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

The need for a simple, reproducible and sensitive in vitro assay for cell-mediated immunity, or delayed-type hypersensitivity, in man is widely appreciated. In recent years understanding of the role of cell-mediated immunity in disease, and perhaps more importantly in health, has progressed remarkably owing to the success of in vitro approaches in laboratory animals. Clinically relevant questions that suitable in vitro tests could answer include the following: whether patients exhibit autoimmune reactivity to their own or transplanted tissue antigens; whether they have generalized or specific deficiencies in the delayed-type response; and, most critically, whether the patient with cancer has sufficient . . .
Abdominal tuberculosis in Britain.
Authors: A M Smith
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Two dietary factors have been implicated in the parallel aging of tendons and arteries.Schwartz2 suggests that the trace element silicon is the factor in dietary fibre and hard water which reduces the incidence of CHD.Silicon contributes to the stability of connective tissue by forming -O-Si-O-bridges.Ascorbic acid is the second factor.Its role in collagen synthesis-' makes it essential for both tendons and arteries.Our observations on cardiac patients who take up marathon running show a conspicuous increase in silicon-rich foodstuffs (pectin, bran, and alfalfa) and also ascorbic acid (fresh fruit and vitamin C supplements).The longest run for cardiac patients is the Primo 100-km run on the island of Oahu.It is supported by the cardiac rehabilitation programme of the Honolulu YMCA.The event is social and non-competitive.In our view any dietary manipulation should be aimed at increasing "distance covered on foot.
Small-Bowel Ulcers With Thiazide and Potassium
Authors: Richard J. Rosen
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The Preliminary Communication "Small-Bowel Ulceration Apparently Associated With Thiazide and Potassium Therapy" by Baker et al (<i>JAMA</i><b>190</b>:586 [Nov 16] 1964) prompted us to review the records of two patients. A 72-year-old white female was admitted to El Camino Hospital for the first time on Aug 2, 1964, with a chief complaint of abdominal pain and vomiting present for three days. Past history revealed appendectomy at age 30 and an operation to correct cystocele at age 60. She had been hospitalized for coronary artery disease in 1958 and 1960, and had been taking digoxin and hydrochlorothiazide with potassium chloride (Esidrix-K). The latter tablet, in the dosage combination of 50 mg and 1,000 mg, respectively, was administered four times daily for 21/2 years. Episodes of dyspnea had been treated with oxygen at home. Physical examination showed a tense, distended abdomen with high-pitched bowel sounds in rushes. X-ray
Toward an Integrated Research Agenda for Critical Illness in Aging
Authors: Eric B. Milbrandt, Basil Eldadah, Susan Nayfield, Evan Hadley, Derek C. Angus
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<DEFINITION OF ELDERLY AND...SPECIFIC CLINICAL ISSUES ...METHODOLOGICAL TOOLS FOR ...CONCLUSIONAPPENDIX I – MODERATORS A...ReferencesCITING ARTICLES
TCT-745 Can aspirin / clopidogrel resistance affect on the occurrence of intra-stent thrombi ?
Authors: Junbeom Park, Byeong-Keuk Kim, Dong-Ho Shin, Jung-Sun Kim, Young-Guk Ko, Donghoon Choi, Myeong-Ki Hong, Yangsoo Jang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Analysis of the cDNA sequence encoding MHC-Aβ in tubular epithelium from mouse kidney
Authors: Shelley E. Albert, Kathleen Shelton, Mae Jane Sun, Eric G. Neilson
Journal: Kidney International (1991)

Class II gene products of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are not expressed usually in abundance on normal epithelium. The cell surface visibility of such proteins for the immune system is thought to be limited protectively in order to minimize inflammation consequent to the recognition of self-antigens in parenchymal structures by T lymphocytes. In the current experiments we investigated whether the previously recognized sparseness of A beta on the surface of tubular epithelial cells might be accounted for by a protein coding difference deduced from the primary structure of its transcript compared with sequence from lymphoid cells that normally express A beta in generous amounts. We demonstrate, however, using clones obtained from a cDNA library prepared from tubular epithelium harvested from H-2s (A beta/alpha+; E beta/alpha-) mice susceptible to autoimmune interstitial nephritis, that the nucleotide sequence encoding the class II A beta chain in cells from both compartments is essentially identical. Our findings suggest that there is no primary structural aberrancy in the coding region of parenchymal A beta that would contribute to its low expression. The protective tolerance afforded by reduced numbers of class II molecules in normal tissues is, therefore, more likely the result of repressive regulatory processes.
An Address ON THE RELATIONS OF MEDICAL MEN TO THEIR PATIENTS: Delivered before the North Cumberland Division of the Border Counties Branch, May 25th, 1906
Authors: R. Maclaren
Journal: BMJ (1906)

Two years ago we discussed The Relations of Medical Men to Each Other; last year we discussed The Relations of Medical Men to Public Bodies.This year I ask you to continue the survey of our surroundings by considering the Relations of Medical Men to their Patients'. CLUBS.Before entering on this I propose to make a few remarks on some matters which could not be well included in our previous discussions and yet are not, strictly speaking, parts of our present subject.Medical men, have as patients members of every social plane, not only the rich and the poor, but a large class who are too well off or too independent tohe indebted to any one for medical attendance, and yet who find it difficult to meet the expenditure which a serious illness entails.For such, a system of arranging during health for medical attend- ance in the time of sickness by means of the sick club has much to commend it.It tends to-promote indepen- dence, thrift, and foresight.When a man is in vigorous health and earning good wages he makes provision for the almost inevitable time of illness by a small expendi- ture paid out of his weekly wage, an expenditure so small as hardly to diminish his weekly income.This plan is not, however, found to work with the smooth- ness which might be expected from it.It is alleged