tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Plasma endothelin in chronic heart failure.
Authors: J J McMurray, S G Ray, I Abdullah, H J Dargie, J J Morton
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Endothelins are recently characterized vasoconstrictor peptides. As chronic heart failure (CHF) is characterized by peripheral arteriolar and renal vasoconstriction, we have measured venous plasma endothelin-like immunoreactivity ("endothelin") in patients with this syndrome. METHODS AND RESULTS Compared with age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (mean +/- SEM plasma endothelin concentration 6.4 +/- 0.3 pmol/l, n = 16), patients with severe CHF had elevated peripheral venous endothelin concentrations (12.4 +/- 0.6 pmol/l, n = 47, p less than 0.01). Plasma endothelin did not increase with exercise in normal subjects or in patients. Plasma endothelin concentration (mean, 13.4 +/- 0.9 pmol/l) did not correlate with plasma atrial natriuretic factor concentration (mean, 88.9 +/- 11.9 pg/ml) in patients with CHF (n = 21). There was also no correlation between plasma endothelin and serum urea or between endothelin and serum creatinine in patients with CHF (n = 34). There was, however, significant renal extraction of endothelin (aorta, 11.1 +/- 0.8 pmol/l; renal vein, 8.8 +/- 0.6 pmol/ml; p = 0.02) in patients with CHF (n = 13). CONCLUSIONS Evidence suggests that circulatory endothelin concentrations in the range 5-40 pmol/l are vasoactive. Consequently, the endothelin concentrations found in patients with CHF may be of pathophysiological significance.
High-Carbohydrate, High-Fiber Diet in Children with Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Alan N Lindsay, Sherie Hardy, Lucie Jarrett, Marvin L Rallison
Journal: Diabetes Care (1984)

The effects of a high-carbohydrate, high-fiber (HCHF) diet on glucose control was evaluated in 12 children with type I diabetes mellitus. The children had had diabetes for an average of 5.25 yr; their mean glycosylated hemoglobin was 12.4% (normal 5–9%), and C-peptide was virtually undetectable in all but one. They were followed on a regular diabetic diet for 10 days at home and in the hospital and then were studied on a HCHF diet for 14 days. The HCHF diet contained 60% carbohydrate and 30 g of fiber per 1000 cal provided through grains, fruits, vegetables, and high-fiber crackers. Capillary blood glucose levels were monitored at home before meals and at bedtime, and venous plasma glucose levels were measured in the hospital before and after each meal and during the night. Plasma glucose was measured serially after test meals with each diet. There was no significant difference in blood glucose levels preprandially, postprandially, and while fasting on the two diets. The 24-h glucose profiles and posttest meal profiles obtained during both diets were remarkably similar. We conclude that a diet high in fiber and carbohydrate has limited application in children with type I diabetes mellitus who have no residual beta-cell function.
Illustrations of the Working of the Contagious Diseases Act
Authors: B. Hill
Journal: BMJ (1868)

WHILE investigating the effect of the Contagious Diseases Act i866 in those towns where it is in force, an account of which was published in the BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, I also undertook, in company with Mr. Ernest Hart and Dr. Cornelius Inglis, to gather, bv systematic visi- tations, for which the police offered us facilities and gave us guidance, some knowledge of the extent to which the public women of London are afflicted with contagious disease, and what means of cure
Background of the prevention of cardiovascular disease. II. Arteriosclerosis, hypertension, and selected risk factors.
Authors: O Paul
Journal: Circulation (1989)

The prevention of cardiovascular disease antedates our current preoccupation with risk factors for coronary heart disease and hypertension. Indeed, earlier preventive efforts have in part been so successful that many people have forgotten that they existed. The almost forgotten entity, beriberi heart disease, was first prevented in 1883 by Takaki of Japan. With diphtheria, it was the identification of the causative bacillus by Klebs in 1883, leading finally to the development of diphtheria toxoid by Ramon in 1923, which resulted in the disappearance of diphtheritic heart disease. Success in the attack on syphilitic heart and vascular disease began with Bordet and Gengou in 1901 with the discovery of the phenomenon of complement fixation, and with the formulation of Salvarsan by Ehrlich in 1907. The story of the prevention of rheumatic fever has a large cast of characters, but special recognition must be given to Coburn for his observations confirming the role of the hemolytic streptococcus published in 1931 and showing the prophylactic value of sulfanilamide published in 1939. The important association of maternal rubella with congenital heart malformations was revealed by Gregg in 1941. Alcoholic heart disease was identified particularly by Brigden and Evans in 1957 and 1959, respectively. In relation to coronary and hypertensive heart disease, the names of Anitschkow (1933), Leary (1935), and Keys (1948) in relation to diet, of Freis (1967) in the field of hypertension treatment, of White (1927) in relation to physical exercise, and of English, Willius, and Berkson (1940) and Hammond and Horn (1954) in the role of cigarette smoking, deserve special recognition.
Recurrent PAX3-MAML3 fusion in biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma
Authors: Xiaoke Wang, Krista L Bledsoe, Rondell P Graham, Yan W Asmann, David S Viswanatha, Jean E Lewis, Jason T Lewis, Margaret M Chou, Michael J Yaszemski, Jin Jen, Jennifer J Westendorf, André M Oliveira
Journal: Nature Genetics (2014)
Left Mini-Thoracotomy for Beating Heart Bypass Grafting
Authors: Todd M. Dewey, Mitchell Magee, James Edgerton, Rhonda Vela, Syma L. Prince, Tea Acuff, Michael J. Mack
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Progression of disease and bypass graft attrition results in a population of patients who require repeated coronary interventions. Frequently, these patients have patent internal mammary artery grafts and require isolated intervention to the circumflex distribution. As an alternative to high-risk repeated sternotomy and conventional bypass surgery or catheter-based intervention, the circumflex marginal vessels may be approached by thoracotomy. We reviewed our experience in revascularizing the circumflex distribution with off-pump techniques via left mini-thoracotomy.Thirty-two patients underwent off-pump bypass grafting of the circumflex vessels via thoracotomy from December 1995 to April 2000. Twenty-seven patients presented with circumflex disease after having previous bypass grafting. Five patients, who presented with circumflex disease and either nondiseased or ungraftable disease in their other arteries, were revascularized as a primary procedure. There was no observed mortality. Seven patients (22%) required inotropes on leaving the operating room, and 3 patients (9.4%) received transfusion of packed red blood cells. There was 1 reoperation for bleeding and 1 patient with a postoperative neurological deficit. There were no perioperative myocardial infarctions. The average length of stay was 4.8 days from time of surgery to discharge.Off-pump grafting via thoracotomy provides a safe and effective alternative approach for patients requiring limited revascularization. Potential cardiac injury and danger to viable grafts from repeated sternotomy is minimized, and manipulation of the diseased ascending aorta is avoided. Morbidity, hospital length of stay, and cost are less than for conventional repeated coronary bypass surgery.
Time to move beyond the mind-body split
Authors: P. Bracken
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Descartes distinguished between the res cogitans and the res extensa . The former referred to the soul or mind and was said to be essentially “a thing which thinks.”1 The latter was the material stuff of the body. It was characterised primarily by the fact of extension: it occupied space and was therefore amenable to measurement. In recent years neuroscientists and cognitive psychologists have argued that this ontological separation of mind and body is no longer tenable.2 The former maintain that mental functions can be fully explained by brain science. The latter make the case for a distinct psychological realm but one whose operations, like those of computer software, are measurable and open to scientific investigation. The res cogitans is illusive no longer. We can map it, scan it, and explain its functions in biological or computational terms.

These ideas have become dominant in medical circles and, in some form or other, have become articles of faith for most doctors, psychiatrists, and psychologists. Contemporary …
Airway responsiveness and bronchial-wall thickness in asthma with or without fixed airflow obstruction.
Authors: L Boulet, M Bélanger, G Carrier
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

To determine whether asthmatic subjects have an increase in airway wall thickness that could enhance airway narrowing during bronchoprovocation, we examined the relationship between airway responsiveness and bronchial wall thickness measured by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). We studied 24 nonsmokers with asthma, of whom 13 had a fixed component of airflow obstruction (Group 1) and 11 had an optimal FEV1 of 80% or more of the predicted value (Group 2). These subjects were compared with a control group of 10 nonasthmatic subjects (Group 3). Measurements were taken of each subject's expiratory flows, bronchodilator response, lung volumes, and methacholine responsiveness. All subjects used an inhaled beta 2-agonist on demand, and 19 also used inhaled steroids (13 in a Group 1 and six in Group 2). HRCT sections were obtained at the top and base of the lung and at the level of the intermediary bronchus (IB), although only this last level was found adequate for analysis. The ratio of IB wall thickness to outer diameter (T/D) showed a negative relationship with the outer diameter in Group 1 only. The mean T/D ratio of IB was not significantly different in Groups 1, 2, and 3, with respective values of 0.16 +/- 0.01, 0.15 +/- 0.01, and 0.18 +/- 0.01 at TLC, and 0.16 +/- 0.01, 0.20 +/- 0.01, and 0.19 +/- 0.01 at FRC. In subjects with a fixed component of airflow obstruction, the thicker the airway wall in relation to its diameter, the lower was the PC20 for methacholine. This was not observed in the other study groups. No correlation was found between the T/D ratio and baseline FEV1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An Appraisal of Mitral Valve Echocardiograms Mimicking Mitral Stenosis in Conditions with Right Ventricular Pressure Overload
Authors: LAMBERT P. McLAURIN, THOMAS C. GIBSON, WINFRIED WAIDER, WILLIAM GROSSMAN, ERNEST CRAIGE
Journal: Circulation (1973)

Of seven patients with pulmonary hypertension, two had marked and one had moderate retardation of the echocardiographic anterior mitral valve leaflet closing motion, suggestive of mitral stenosis. In each patient, however, mitral stenosis was excluded by hemodynamic or anatomic criteria. The reason for the abnormal mitral valve motion was considered to be a reduced rate of left ventricular diastolic filling. In the group of seven patients it was noted that the ratio of ventricular filling pressures (RVedP/LVedP) was inversely correlated with the anterior mitral valve leaflet closing slope. This observation supports the hypothesis that left ventricular diastolic filling may be secondarily altered by right ventricular overload, and that this impairment of left ventricular filling may result in alteration of the anterior mitral valve leaflet echogram mimicking mitral stenosis.
"Credentials Consciousness": Stimulus for Continuing Education and Peer Review in Psychiatry
Authors: DONALD H. NAFTULIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1973)

The author surveys various issues related to continuing education in psychiatry, including the delineation of "credentialing" as a stimulus to the kind of quality control that the health care system seems to be moving toward. He considers the patient-management approach to identifying professional competence the most effective means of implementing continuing education; this approach is relevant to peer review and effective delivery of mental health services.
Antimicrobial Therapy for Salmonella Infections in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Authors: KENNETH V.I. ROLSTON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 February 1988Antimicrobial Therapy for Salmonella Infections in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)KENNETH V.I. ROLSTON, M.D., SAUL RODRIGUEZ, M.D., PETER W.A. MANSELL, M.D.KENNETH V.I. ROLSTON, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, SAUL RODRIGUEZ, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, PETER W.A. MANSELL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-2-309_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Infections caused bySalmonellaspecies occur more frequently and their manifestations, including bacteremia and dissemination, are more severe in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) than in those without AIDS (1). Treatment of these infections has been hampered by the emergence of strains resistant to the three main therapeutic agents (ampicillin, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol) and the high incidence of adverse reactions to trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole seen in these patients (2). Patient response is often followed by relapse on cessation of therapy (3). Isolated case reports of the successful treatment of salmonella infections with extended...References1. CELUM C, CHAISSON R, RUTHERFORD G, BARNHART J, and ECHENBERG D. Incidence of salmonellosis in paitients with AIDS. J Infect Dis. 1987;156:998-1002. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. BRYAN J, ROCHA H, and SCHELD W. Problems in salmonellosis: rationale for clinical trials with newer β-lactam agents and quinolones. Rev Infect Dis. 1986;8:189-207. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. JACOBS J, GOLD J, MURRAY H, ROBERTS R, and ARMSTRONG D. Salmonella infections in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1985;102:186-8. LinkGoogle Scholar4. SHERMAN J and CONTE J. Ceftriaxone treatment of multidrug-resistant salmonella osteomyelitis. Am J Med. 1987;83:137-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. TI T, MONTEIRO E, LAM S, and LEE H. Ceftriaxone therapy in bacteremic typhoid fever. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1985;28:540-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: KENNETH V.I. ROLSTON, M.D.; SAUL RODRIGUEZ, M.D.; PETER W.A. MANSELL, M.D.Affiliations: The Institute of Immunological Disorders Houston, TX 77076 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySusceptibility of bacterial isolates from AIDS patients to six fluoroquinolonesLes salmonelles et leur pathologie : base bactériologique du traitementThird-generation cephalosporins 1 February 1988Volume 108, Issue 2 Page: 309-309 Keywords Adverse reactions AIDS Antimicrobials Bacteremia Chloramphenicol Salmonella ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1988 PDF downloadLoading ...
Cost of carrying out clinical diagnostic tests.
Authors: D J Barnard, J P Bingle, C J Garratt
Journal: BMJ (1978)

The total cost of performing diagnostic tests in a hospital laboratory during one year was assessed. The largest single item of expenditure was the cost of the salaries of the technical staff, while the cost of reagents (including radiopharmaceuticals) was relatively small. The total costs of carrying out diagnostic tests are much higher than is often recognised by those who request them. The use of relatively expensive, commercially available assay kits saves time and gives good value for money. It may be worth taking this into account when planning hospital budgets.
Improvement of the hairless mouse screening model for antipsoriatic drugs
Authors: W.W. ZMOLEK, WAN-RU CHAO, J.P. MILLER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1983)

The hairless mouse screening model for antipsoriatic drugs was improved by investigating the effects of critical variables on the rate of ultraviolet light‐induced epidermal DNA synthesis. The variables investigated were diurnal variation, ultraviolet light dose, time course and ambient temperature. From these studies a set of experimental conditions was developed that resulted in the lowest rate of DNA synthesis in non‐irradiated epidermis and the highest rate in irradiated epidermis, thereby significantly increasing the power of the assay.
Home deliveries and British obstetrics
Authors: M Gillmer, J D. Gough
Journal: BMJ (1982)

institution like the one in which I work.If the rumour got around that the treatment was painful it would discourage people from coming.We routinely culture for herpesvirus from the untreated cuts and I would certainly supplement the topical treatment with systemic treatment in high dose should a herpesvirus appear in the laboratory.
Risk of Adverse Fetal Outcomes Following Administration of a Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) Vaccine During Pregnancy
Authors: Björn Pasternak, Henrik Svanström, Ditte Mølgaard-Nielsen, Tyra G. Krause, Hanne-Dorthe Emborg, Mads Melbye, Anders Hviid
Journal: JAMA (2012)

<h3>Context</h3>Assessment of the fetal safety of vaccination against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in pregnancy has been limited.<h3>Objective</h3>To investigate whether exposure to an adjuvanted influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine during pregnancy was associated with increased risk of adverse fetal outcomes.<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>Registry-based cohort study based on all liveborn singleton infants in Denmark, delivered between November 2, 2009, and September 30, 2010. In propensity score–matched analyses, we estimated prevalence odds ratios (PORs) of adverse fetal outcomes, comparing infants exposed and unexposed to an AS03-adjuvanted influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine during pregnancy.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>Major birth defects, preterm birth, and small size for gestational age.<h3>Results</h3>From a cohort of 53 432 infants (6989 [13.1%] exposed to the influenza A[H1N1]pdm09 vaccine during pregnancy [345 in the first trimester and 6644 in the second or third trimester]), 660 (330 exposed) were included in propensity score–matched analyses of adverse fetal outcomes associated with first-trimester exposure. For analysis of small size for gestational age after second- or third-trimester exposure, 13 284 (6642 exposed) were included; for analyses of preterm birth, 12 909 (6543 exposed) were included. A major birth defect was diagnosed in 18 of 330 infants (5.5%) exposed to the vaccine in the first trimester, compared with 15 of 330 unexposed infants (4.5%) (POR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.60-2.45). Preterm birth occurred in 31 of 330 infants (9.4%) exposed in the first trimester, compared with 24 of 330 unexposed infants (7.3%) (POR, 1.32; 95% CI, 0.76-2.31), and in 302 of 6543 infants (4.6%) with second- or third-trimester exposure, compared with 295 of 6366 unexposed infants (4.6%) (POR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.84-1.17). Small size for gestational age was observed in 25 of 330 infants (7.6%) with first-trimester exposure compared with 31 of 330 unexposed infants (9.4%) (POR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.46-1.37), and in 641 of 6642 infants (9.7%) with second- or third-trimester exposure, compared with 657 of 6642 unexposed infants (9.9%) (POR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.87-1.09).<h3>Conclusions</h3>In this Danish cohort, exposure to an adjuvanted influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine during pregnancy was not associated with a significantly increased risk of major birth defects, preterm birth, or fetal growth restriction.
Selection of high-avidity CD8 T cells correlates with control of hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Bérangère Neveu, Emilie Debeaupuis, Klara Echasserieau, Béatrice le Moullac-Vaidye, Michelle Gassin, Loïg Jegou, Jérémie Decalf, Matthew Albert, Nicolas Ferry, Jérôme Gournay, Elisabeth Houssaint, Marc Bonneville, Xavier Saulquin
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Both strong antigenic avidity and acquisition of proper effector functions contribute to the efficacy of antiviral T cell responses. To correlate these parameters with the outcome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, we characterized HCV-specific CD8 T cell lines isolated after immunomagnetic sorting of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from human leukocyte antigen A*02 (HLA-A*02) individuals with various HCV serological statuses, using recombinant HLA-A*0201 multimers loaded with three immunodominant HCV genotype 1-derived epitopes. CD8 T cells specific for these three epitopes were derived from most HLA-A*0201 individuals, regardless of their HCV serology or clinical outcome. Donors recovered from genotype 1 HCV infection were enriched for high-avidity T cells with enhanced interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor alpha, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses, when compared with seronegative donors and seropositive patients infected with irrelevant HCV genotypes. Patients chronically infected with genotype 1 strain yielded almost exclusively low-avidity T cells, whose hyporesponsiveness was primarily attributable to low T cell receptor (TCR) avidity rather than intrinsic functional defects.This study suggests that strong IFN-gamma responses associated with efficient viral clearance primarily result from Ag-driven selection/survival of HCV-specific T cells expressing high-avidity TCR. It also suggests a link between the quality of the initial HCV-specific T cell repertoire and susceptibility to chronic infection.
Unexpected Finding of Umbilical Hernia During Peritoneal Scintigraphy
Authors: Te-Chun Hsieh, Kuo-Yang Yen, Chia-Hung Kao, Chun-Yi Lin, Shung-Shung Sun
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

A 48-year-old woman had liver cirrhosis complicated with intractable ascites. She underwent a Denver shunt (peritoneovenous shunt) procedure 1 year ago. Suspicion of dysfunction of the Denver shunt led to her referral for peritoneal scintigraphy. Instead of confirmation of shunt dysfunction, there were also findings of bilateral peritoneopleural communications. Nevertheless, it was also found as well-demarcated, circumferential accumulation of the radiotracer as well as scattered distributed, photopenic areas within the center of the abdomen, which was distinguished from the peripheral diffuse distribution of radioactivity in the peripheral abdominal region. The assumption of the accumulation of radiotracer in the center of the abdomen after physical examination was an umbilical hernia that was further confirmed by subsequent abdominal computed tomography.