tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Problems with use of composite end points in cardiovascular trials: systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Ignacio Ferreira-González, Gaiet Permanyer-Miralda, Antònia Domingo-Salvany, Jason W Busse, Diane Heels-Ansdell, Victor M Montori, Elie A Akl, Dianne M Bryant, Pablo Alonso-Coello, Jordi Alonso, Andrew Worster, Suneel Upadhye, Roman Jaeschke, Holger J Schünemann, Valeria Pacheco-Huergo, Ping Wu, Edward J Mills, Gordon H Guyatt
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<b>Objective</b> To explore the extent to which components of composite end points in randomised controlled trials vary in importance to patients, the frequency of events in the more and less important components, and the extent of variability in the relative risk reductions across components. <b>Design</b> Systematic review of randomised controlled trials. <b>Data sources</b> Cardiovascular randomised controlled trials published in the <i>Lancet, Annals of Internal Medicine</i>, <i>Circulation</i>, <i>European Heart Journal, JAMA</i>, and <i>New England Journal of Medicine</i>, from 1 January 2002 to 30 June 2003. Component end points of composite end points were categorised according to importance to patients as fatal, critical, major, moderate, or minor. <b>Results</b> Of 114 identified randomised controlled trials that included a composite end point of importance to patients, 68% (n=77) reported complete component data for the primary composite end point; almost all (98%; n=112) primary composite end points included a fatal end point. Of 84 composite end points for which component data were available, 54% (n=45) showed large or moderate gradients in both importance to patients and magnitude of effect across components. When analysed by categories of importance to patients, the most important components were associated with lower event rates in the control group (medians of 3.3-3.7% for fatal, critical, and major outcomes; 12.3% for moderate outcomes; and 8.0% for minor outcomes). Components of greater importance to patients were associated with smaller treatment effects than less important ones (relative risk reduction of 8% for death and 33% for components of minor importance to patients). <b>Conclusion</b> The use of composite end points in cardiovascular trials is frequently complicated by large gradients in importance to patients and in magnitude of the effect of treatment across component end points. Higher event rates and larger treatment effects associated with less important components may result in misleading impressions of the impact of treatment.
Takayasu's arteritis with aortic aneurysm associated with Sweet's syndrome in childhood
Authors: L M A Campos
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

No patient had a history of a male twin or a solid organ transplant at the time of biopsy.SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; CLE, cutaneous lupus erythematosus; DM, dermatomyositis; MF, mycosis fungoides.
Chlormadinone and mammary nodules.
Authors: D K Vallance, K Capel-Edwards
Journal: BMJ (1971)

A study was conducted to determine whether high dose levels of the natural hormone progesterone would produce fibroadenomatous nodules in the mammary glands of beagle bitches similar to those appearing after high dosages of chlormadinone  acetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate both derivatives of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone.  In this investigation natural progesterone was administered by subcutaneous injection in an oily vehicle at 3 different dose levels (7.5 mg/kg daily for 24 weeks following an initial period of 12 weeks at 975 mg/kg daily and then 22.5 mg/kg  daily for 38 weeks) for a 74 week period to beagle bitches.  Microscopic postmortem examinations of the mammary glands revealed marked lobular hyperplasia in most cases with secretory activity generally proportional to the progesterone dosage received.  2 of the 5 high dose animals also exhibited some bizarre but well circumscribed fibroadenomatous nodules with some cell atypia and mitotic activity possible early stages of a benign complex tumor.  The authors believe that the occurrence of such fibroadenomatous nodules in animals after exposure to the natural hormone gives reason to doubt the relevance to the human female of the development of similar nodules in the animals after high  doses of 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone.
Thyroid Neuroendocrinology: Neural Regulation of Thyroid Hormone Secretion*
Authors: BO AHRÉN
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1986)

THE THYROID gland consists of two different endocrine systems, that of the follicular cells and that of the parafollicular cells (1). The follicular cells, which are closely packed cells surrounding a colloidal space, synthesize and secrete the thyroid hormones (T4 and T3) (2). The parafollicular cells (C cells) are found between these follicular cells, sometimes occurring as single cells, sometimes as a few cells together (3). These C cells, which may also be seen inside the follicular basal membrane (4), synthesize and secrete polypeptides. Thus, calcitonin (5, 6), somatostatin (7–10), calcitonin generelated peptide (CGRP) (11), and katacalcin (12), are all produced by the thyroidal C cells. Morphological studies of the thyroid have demonstrated structures other than the follicular and parafollicular cells. Thus, a vast number of blood vessels and fibrocytes form fibrous sheets dividing the gland into smaller units are seen within the gland (1). Furthermore, mast cells have been demonstrated to occur both in a parafollicular and in a perivascular location within the thyroid gland (13–15); interestingly, these mast cells are known to secrete histamine and serotonin upon stimulation by TSH (16, 17).
A GENERALIZED VISCERAL DISEASE OF GUINEA PIGS, ASSOCIATED WITH INTRANUCLEAR INCLUSIONS
Authors: Alwin M. Pappenheimer, Charles A. Slanetz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1942)

A spontaneous generalized visceral disease of guinea pigs, characterized by the presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies of the herpes type, is described. The possible relation of this disease to the salivary gland virus infection of guinea pigs is discussed.
Prolonged meningeal leukemia. Occurrence during hematologic remission of acute myeloblastic leukemia
Authors: C. Zachariah
Journal: JAMA (1978)

MENINGEAL leukemia accounts for initial relapses in many patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia.1Systemically administered chemotherapy does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier, and leukemic cells in this sanctuary can multiply uncontrolled. With the introduction of prophylactic cranial irradiation and the intrathecal administration of methotrexate and other cytotoxic agents, a definite reduction of meningeal leukemia has occurred.2  In cases of acute myelocytic leukemia, meningeal leukemia occurs less frequently. Weil and co-workers,3in a study of 836 cases of acute myelocytic leukemia, found meningeal leukemia in only 48 instances (5.7%). Seligman et al4also noted a similar incidence in their review. Because of this low incidence, prophylactic treatment for meningeal leukemia is not widely used in acute myelocytic leukemia. The most frequent form of relapse in this type of leukemia after successful remission induction is hematologic. Improved remission induction due to better chemotherapy and immunotherapy5and longer
Death Of A Mother: Daughters' Stories
Authors: J. Johnston
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Ed Rosa Ainley Pandora, pounds sterling7.99, p 232 ISBN 0 04 440928 1

The 20 essays and eight poems by women about the deaths of their mothers in this anthology are, with several exceptions, hardly notable as literature. But they are all deeply personal testimonies that range through the gamut of emotions and issues affecting humans who have to deal with the loss of a parent. A point supporting such accounts is made by the book's first contributor, Valerie Smith, an academic who researched the subject as well as telling her personal story. Smith found that, unlike such extensively studied life changes as puberty and marriage, “the death of a mother or father, which shifts one's whole pattern of relationships, goes all but unremarked.”

The very different stories in this collection are yet bound, as one might expect, by …
Instantaneous Washday Amputation
Authors: Augustus A. White
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<i>Instantaneous amputation of a portion of the upper extremity in two young boys occurred as a result of injury from commercial and domestic laundry machines. These patients are presented for two reasons: (1) to inform the medical profession of the hazard so that this can be communicated to patients and children; and (2) to stimulate interest in developing legal requirements for more effective safety mechanisms. A logical and effective prophylactic measure would be to build all such machines so that it is</i>impossible<i>to open them while the cylinder is rotating</i>.
THE RISK FACTORS AND CHARACTERS FOR PROGRESSING NEW LESIONS IN THE PATIENTS UNDERGOING PCI
Authors: Atsuko Nakayama, Hiroyuki Morita, Hiroshi Iwata, Yasushi Imai, Takahide Kohro, Jiro Andoh, Tsutomu Yamazaki, Ryozo Nagai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Corticosteroids, aurothioglucose and soybean trypsin inhibitor do not prevent pemphigus antibody-induced acantholysis in vitro
Authors: JOHN R. SCHILTZ, CHUNG-HONG HU, BENO MICHEL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

Hydrocortisone, triamcinolone acetonide, aurothioglucose and soybean trypsin inhibitor were added to normal human skin explants cultured with IgG from pemphigus serum to determine if acantholysis could be prevented. At the therapeutic concentrations used none of these compounds prevented binding of the autoantibody to the epidermal target cells, and none prevented acantholysis. These experiments support the concepts that the pemphigus antibody alone is responsible for producing the acantholytic lesions of pemphigus, that the therapeutic effectiveness of steroids and gold salts is probably due to their ability to reduce serum autoantibody titres and that pemphigus acantholysis is probably not caused by a serine proteinase.
Studies on Renin Antibodies
Authors: OSCAR M. HELMER
Journal: Circulation (1958)

Intramuscular injection of various kidney extracts containing renin in several animal species caused the appearance in sera of a substance which neutralized renin. The antirenin titers of the antisera were determined by assaying the quantity of unneutralized renin. The assay was based on the production of angiotonin. The dog differs from the other species studied in that heterologous kidney extracts cause a production of antibodies against the treated animal's own renin.
Thromboxane receptor blockade prevents pulmonary hypertension induced by heparin-protamine reactions in awake sheep.
Authors: G Montalescot, E Lowenstein, M L Ogletree, E M Greene, D R Robinson, K Hartl, W M Zapol
Journal: Circulation (1990)

We used competitive thromboxane A2-prostaglandin endoperoxide receptor blockade (SQ 30,741) as a probe to evaluate the role of thromboxane in ovine pulmonary vasoconstriction associated with protamine reversal of heparin anticoagulation. Control heparin-protamine reactions induced rapid release of thromboxane into arterial plasma (more than 1 ng/ml plasma), a 2.5-fold increase of pulmonary artery pressure, a 20% decrease of PaO2, and a 30% reduction in arterial white blood cell concentration. After giving SQ 30,741 despite similar thromboxane release into arterial plasma after heparin-protamine challenge, acute pulmonary hypertension was significantly reduced when 94% of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle thromboxane receptors were occupied with SQ 30,741 (p less than 0.01 at 1 minute after protamine versus control heparin-protamine reaction) and was completely abolished by a 10 mg/kg i.v. bolus (p less than 0.0001 at 1 minute after protamine versus control). Peripheral leukopenia was not affected by SQ 30,741 prophylaxis, but hypoxemia was prevented. We conclude that thromboxane causes pulmonary vasoconstriction in ovine heparin-protamine-induced pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary vasoconstriction and hypoxemia can be completely prevented by thromboxane receptor blockade.
Eosinophilia with DTIC Chemotherapy
Authors: MATTHEW A. MOVSESIAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1980Eosinophilia with DTIC ChemotherapyMATTHEW A. MOVSESIAN, M.D., JOHN M. MERRILL, M.D.MATTHEW A. MOVSESIAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, JOHN M. MERRILL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-93-4-642 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Eosinophilia occurs in various clinical conditions; its mechanisms are poorly understood (1). We describe here a peripheral eosinophilia occurring without other hematologic or serologic abnormalities in a patient treated with dacarbazine (DTIC), with the eosinophilia appearing to represent an idiosyncratic-allergic drug reaction.A 65-year-old woman with no history of allergies developed an inguinal mass 7 years after excision of a superficial spreading melanoma from her left calf. Biopsy showed recurrent tumor, and subsequent examination did not reveal systemic disease. She had a leukocyte count of 8100/mm3with a normal differential (absolute eosinophil count 160/mm3), hematocrit of 33.9%...References1. BEESON P and BASS D. The Eosinophil. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co.; 1977. Google Scholar2. SHEPARTZ S, MONTGOMERY J, and VENDITTI J. Proceedings of the Sixth New Drug Seminar in DTIC. Cancer Treat Rep. 1976;60:123-214 MedlineGoogle Scholar3. PARKER C. Drug allergy. N Engl J Med. 1975;292:511-4, 732-6, 957-60. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. DAVIS P and HUGHES G. Significance of eosinophilia during gold therapy. Arthritis Rheum. 1974;17:964-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. VIOLA M, CHUNG E, and MUKHOPADHYAH M. Eosinophilia and metastatic carcinoma. Med Ann DC. 1972;41:1-3. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MATTHEW A. MOVSESIAN, M.D.; JOHN M. MERRILL, M.D.Affiliations: Northwestern University Medical School Chicago, IL 60611 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDacarbazine : Déticène®Hypersensibilité à la dacarbazine chez les malades traités pour mélanome métastatiqueMechanisms of hepatotoxicity caused by dacarbazine in ratsMaladie veinoocclusive hépatique due au Déticène® : une cause de choc hypovolémique aigu 1 October 1980Volume 93, Issue 4 Page: 642-643 Keywords Allergy and immunology Biopsy Chemotherapy Drugs Eosinophilia Eosinophils Hematocrit Melanoma Systemic diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1980 PDF downloadLoading ...
Warning Label Required for Alcohol Containers
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1988)

A YEAR from now, all beer, wine, and liquor containers will—for the first time—be required to bear a government warning label. The label will point out that the surgeon general of the Public Health Service advises that women not drink alcoholic beverages during pregnancy because of risk of birth defects. It also reminds that "consumption of alcoholic beverages impairs your ability to drive a car or operate machinery, and may cause other health problems." The federal label should help to educate the public, predicts Donald W. Schiff, MD, president of the American Academy of Pediatrics: "Too many people do not know that fetal alcohol syndrome exists, much less that it is the third leading cause of birth defects in this country and, of these, the only preventable one. Although we must continue more comprehensive education efforts about the many dangers of alcohol abuse, the new warning labels are a significant
Transmembrane prolyl 4-hydroxylase is a fourth prolyl 4-hydroxylase regulating EPO production and erythropoiesis
Authors: Anu Laitala, Ellinoora Aro, Gail Walkinshaw, Joni M. Mäki, Maarit Rossi, Minna Heikkilä, Eeva-Riitta Savolainen, Michael Arend, Kari I. Kivirikko, Peppi Koivunen, Johanna Myllyharju
Journal: Blood (2012)
Lactic acidosis and diaphragmatic function in vitro.
Authors: J R Coast, R A Shanely, J M Lawler, R A Herb
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Diaphragm fatigue occurs during heavy exercise. Acidosis leads to skeletal muscle fatigue, yet the diaphragm is not a net producer of either lactic acid or hydrogen ions. We tested the hypothesis that hydrogen ion and lactic acid concentrations similar to those seen in arterial blood at maximal exercise decrease contractility of the in vitro isolated rat diaphragm. Diaphragm strips were exposed to a control solution for 15 min and then to one of the following treatment solutions: control (C, pH = 7.4) or 10 mM lactic acid buffered to pH 7.4 (L74), pH 7.2 (L72), pH 7.1 (L71), or pH 6.8 (L68). After 15 min, the force-frequency relationship of the strip was measured. The strips were then stressed with 75 contractions at 25 Hz (250-ms train duration) at the rate of one per second and the force-frequency curve was measured after 15 min of recovery. The L74, L72, and L71 strips responded similarly to the C strips at all times and frequencies. Decrements in force associated with acidosis were only seen in L68. Within L68, we found decreases in force at stimulation frequencies < 100 Hz. These data suggest that physiologic levels of exogenous hydrogen ions are not a primary cause of in vitro diaphragm fatigue.
A Lecture on Injuries of the Lower End of the Humerus: Delivered at Guy's Hospital
Authors: C. H. Fagge
Journal: BMJ (1911)

TErTisx 539 any relief, which at once followed the removal of the bulky iigamentae alaria, Practically most, if not all, cases of this sort which have come under my observation have been regarded as damaged or displaced semilunar fibro- cartilages, and have been treated more or less actively.It is a mistake one is very liable to make.A portion of the articular cartilage may be removed from the joint in two different ways.One is by direct impact as in a fall upon the knee.In these cases a triangular piece of articular cartilage breaks off the subjacent bone and separates from the adjacent articular cartilage by a vertical fracture.In flexion of the knee beyond a right angle there exist two considerable areas of the atlticular surfaces of the condyles of the femur below the patella and on either side of the ligament, which are covered merely by skin and by IMZDIOAL JOURNAZ 54 MaHO II, 19II.]
Bacterial Endocarditis in a Patient with Idiopathic Hypertrophic Subaortic Stenosis
Authors: JOSEPH W. LINHART, W. JAPE TAYLOR
Journal: Circulation (1966)

A rare case of subacute bacterial endocarditis, due to a streptococcus viridans organism, is reported in a patient with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS). Subacute bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis is recommended for patients with IHSS.
The Contributions of Psychoanalysis and Psychiatry to Psychosomatic Medicine
Authors: D. Leigh
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1967)

Other Types| February 12 2010 The Contributions of Psychoanalysis and Psychiatry to Psychosomatic Medicine Subject Area: Psychiatry and Psychology D. Leigh D. Leigh Bethlem Royal Hospital and Maudsley Hospital, London, England Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Psychother Psychosom (1967) 15 (2-4): 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1159/000285887 Article history Published Online: February 12 2010 Content Tools Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation D. Leigh; The Contributions of Psychoanalysis and Psychiatry to Psychosomatic Medicine. Psychother Psychosom 31 December 1967; 15 (2-4): 153–161. https://doi.org/10.1159/000285887 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsPsychotherapy and Psychosomatics Search Advanced Search This content is only available via PDF. 1967Copyright / Drug Dosage / DisclaimerCopyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Use of [18F]-FDG PET to predict response to neoadjuvant trastuzumab and docetaxel in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer, and addition of bevacizumab to neoadjuvant trastuzumab and docetaxel in [18F]-FDG PET-predicted non-responders (AVATAXHER): an open-label, randomised phase 2 trial
Authors: Bruno Coudert, Jean-Yves Pierga, Marie-Ange Mouret-Reynier, Kaldoun Kerrou, Jean-Marc Ferrero, Thierry Petit, Pierre Kerbrat, Pierre-François Dupré, Thomas Bachelot, Philippe Gabelle, Sylvia Giard, David Coeffic, Philippe Bougnoux, Jean-Briac Prevost, Gilles Paintaud, Gilles Thibault, Juana Hernandez, Mathieu Coudert, Laurent Arnould, Alina Berriolo-Riedinger
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2014)
Sialic acid glycoproteins inhibit in vitro and in vivo replication of rotaviruses.
Authors: R H Yolken, R Willoughby, S B Wee, R Miskuff, S Vonderfecht
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

We investigated the interactions of rotaviruses with glycoproteins and cells that support rotaviral replication. We found that a wide range of naturally occurring glycoproteins, including ovalbumins and ovomucoids from chicken and turkey eggs, and mucin derived from bovine submaxillary glands, inhibit the replication of rotaviruses in MA-104 cells. Our studies further indicated that the glycoproteins bind directly to rotaviruses and that virus-glycoprotein binding is dependent largely upon interactions with sialic acid oligosaccharides. We found that accessible sialic acid oligosaccharides are required for efficient rotavirus infection of MA-104 cells, thus demonstrating that sialic acid oligosaccharides play an important role in the interactions of rotaviruses with both glycoproteins and cells that support rotaviral replication. Bovine submaxillary mucin and chicken ovoinhibitor can also prevent the shedding of rotavirus antigen and the development of rotavirus gastroenteritis in a mouse model of rotavirus infection. Our findings document that a range of glycoproteins inhibit the in vivo and in vitro replication of rotaviruses and suggest that the alteration in the quantity or chemical composition of intestinal glycoproteins is a potential means for the modulation of enteric infections.