tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Randomized Study of Two Different Target Levels of Glycemic Control Within the Acceptable Range in Type 2 Diabetes: Effects on well-being at 1 year
Authors: Ferdinand E E Van Der Does, J Nico D De Neeling, Frank J Snoek, Peter A Grootenhuis, Pieter J Kostense, Lex M Bouter, Robert J Heine
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE A randomized trial with 1-year follow-up was conducted in 23 general practices to study the relationship between target values for glycemic control and well-being in type 2 diabetes RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 176 patients with type 2 diabetes, aged 40–75 years, were included. General practitioners were encouraged to make decisions according to a standardized step-up regimen until the target levelof glycemic control was reached. The random allocation to a strict or a less strict target level of glycemic control (fasting capillary glucose &amp;lt;6.5 or &amp;lt;8.5 mmol/;1), change in HbAlc and fasting glucose, and initiating insulin or treatment with oral hypoglycemic agents were studied as putative determinants of scores on a type 2 diabetes symptom checklist, a profile ofmood states, an affect balance scale, and general well-being. Adjustments were made for baseline scores on the outcome at issue. RESULTS Positive affect (an odds ratio [OR] [95% CI] of 0.39 [0.19–0.83]) and perceived treatment burden (OR 0.48[0.23–0.98]) were unfavorably altered in the group randomly allocated to stricter target levels (fasting capillary glucose &amp;lt;6.5 mmol/l). Patients who had a decrease in HbA1c of 1% or more tended to have comparatively favorable mood (OR displeasure score 0.35 [0.13–0.94]) and general well-being scores at 1 year (ORs of having unfavorable scores ranged from 0.4 to 0.5, NS). CONCLUSIONS Perceived treatment burden and positive effect are unfavorably affected by random allocation to a strict target level for glycemic control. Improved glycemic control is associated with favorable mood and possibly general well-being in type 2 diabetes.
Comparative measurement of lung deposition of inhaled fine particles in normal subjects and patients with obstructive airway disease.
Authors: C S Kim, T C Kang
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Particulate pollutants have been suggested as a risk factor for increase in mortality and morbidity in patients with obstructive airway disease. In the present study we hypothesized that enhanced particle deposition dose is an underlying factor for such a finding. We measured lung deposition in normal healthy control subjects (N; n = 10) and in subjects with varying levels of airway obstruction: smokers (S; n = 10), smokers with small airways disease (SAD; n = 10), asthmatics (A; n = 5), and patients with chronic obstructive airway disease (COPD; n = 10). The subjects inhaled a uniform size sebacate aerosol (1-micron diameter) from a collapsible bag of a known volume (500 ml) repeatedly for as many as 15 breaths at a rate of 30 breaths/min. Aerosol concentration was monitored continuously at the mouth by a laser aerosol photometer. After correcting for particle loss in the bag, lung deposition fraction [DF = (inhaled minus exhaled)/inhaled], was determined breath by breath. DF values (mean +/- SD) were 0.14 +/- 0.02, 0.16 +/- 0.02, 0.21 +/- 0.05, 0.22 +/- 0.02 and 0.028 +/- 0.03 for N, S, SAD, A, and COPD, respectively. DF values in S, SAD, A, and COPD were 16, 49, 59, and 103% greater, respectively, than that of normal subjects (p < 0.05). DF of COPD was also greater than that of SAD or A (p < 0.05). No difference was found between SAD and A. When all of the subject data were combined, DF was correlated well with percent predicted FEV1 and FEF25-75 (r2 = 0.63 in both). The results indicate a marked increase in particle deposition in patients with obstructive lung disease, and this can be an important factor for the development of the adverse health effects of pollutant particles on the one hand and for the treatment of patients with drug aerosols on the other.
VII.--THE MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF FRACTURES UNDER WAR CONDITIONS
Authors: R. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1916)

THE metliods emtployed must be botlh efficient and siniple; they miust allow easy andl painless access to the wound, and ensure imminobilization of the limb during transport.The following no es are a contribution towards tlih attain- ment of th,ese needs, but it must be understood that mnodifications of tlhetij miay be rendered necessary by tlhe severity of the -do wounds, or by the neces- sity of providing for the transport of the patient, slhould early evacuation be necessa-y1 Plaster-of-Paris.sooten used in the treatment of simple fractures, becomes a filtlhy miietlod wliiere fstuppuration lhas occri eled.Despite every prccautiodi for the exposure of the wound the plaster tnops up disclharges, and be- comes hortibly offensive, FIG.1.-Thomas's double frame.FiG.2.-Thomas's double frame 0 applied.adding to the infection of the wound.I would urge my young colleagues at the front to discard it altogethler.FRACTURES THROUGFI THE LOWER SPINE AND -PELVIS.Fractures througlh the lower spine and pelvis are, in my opinion, best treated oni tlhe double' Tlhomnas franme. (Figs.1,2, 3.) All thtat is needed is to place the patient on tlie frame, bandage thle lirmbs, and press the body and leg wiugs inito position to prevent side m1iOvemient.If there is any wouud ,on tlhe posterior surface -that requiires dressing the paad can be shiaped accordingly to allow of access.Thonzas's DoUble Frame.Measurements Required: Nipple to external malleolus.Splitnt MIeasatre,,tei,t: 4 in.less than above measurement.Applicafion.-Place the patient on the splint with the buttocks on eitlher side of the horseslhoe-slhaped gap in thje back pad,-Wilich has been left for nursing purposes.The wings of tlhe splint slhould then be mnoulded round the patient's chest and ribs, care being taken to turn them up acutely enougb fro ib -the-back -pia to preventsidet i0ov ments of the body.A 5 in.thick pad is plaoed under eah knee: to prevent genu recurvatum, and the ankle grips, which reach just above the malleoli, must be well padded.The knees are now bandaged firmly to the splint, and FIG. 3.-Method of lifting patient on Thomas's double frame.
Vaccinating poultry against avian flu is contributing to spread
Authors: Jane Parry
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Inappropriate use of vaccination in poultry to try to prevent the spread of bird flu has become part of the problem and has serious human health implications, officials of the World Health Organization warned this week. “Vaccination can sometimes cause silent transmission of infection from asymptomatic birds. Mass vaccination programmes entail people tramping around the countryside from farm to farm and they can spread the disease with them. The first response must be culling,” said Peter Cordingley, WHO's spokesman in Manila.
Overexpression of the Embryonic-Lethal Abnormal Vision-like Protein HuR in Ovarian Carcinoma Is a Prognostic Factor and Is Associated with Increased Cyclooxygenase 2 Expression
Authors: Carsten Denkert, Wilko Weichert, Sören Pest, Ines Koch, Dirk Licht, Martin Köbel, Angela Reles, Jalid Sehouli, Manfred Dietel, Steffen Hauptmann
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

The human embryonic-lethal abnormal vision-like protein HuR is involved in the regulation of mRNA turnover and serves as a shuttling protein between the nucleus and the cytoplasm that stabilizes mRNAs containing adenine- and uridine-rich elements in their 3' untranslated region. We have shown recently that expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is related to poor prognosis in ovarian carcinoma. Other studies have shown that the COX-2 mRNA contains an adenine- and uridine-rich element and is stabilized by HuR. In this study, we investigated the expression and cellular distribution of HuR in 83 primary ovarian carcinomas, 16 borderline tumors of the ovary, 3 normal ovaries, and 9 ovarian carcinoma cell lines. Expression of HuR was detected in all cell lines on the mRNA and protein level and showed a predominantly nuclear staining in OVCAR-3 cells by confocal microscopy. In an immunohistochemical evaluation of human ovarian carcinomas, HuR showed a nuclear expression in 81% of tumors. In addition, a cytoplasmic expression of HuR was observed in a subgroup of 45% of ovarian carcinomas. Nuclear as well as cytoplasmic expression of HuR was significantly increased in ovarian carcinomas compared with borderline tumors or normal ovaries. In univariate analysis, a significant association between cytoplasmic HuR expression and increased COX-2 expression (P = 0.025) as well as between histological grade (P = 0.008) and mitotic activity (P = 0.002) was observed, although nuclear expression of HuR was not correlated with COX-2 expression or other clinicopathological parameters. In Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, increased cytoplasmic expression of HuR was a significant prognostic indicator for progression-free survival (P = 0.03) as well as overall survival (P = 0.007). In multivariate analysis using the Cox regression model, cytoplasmic expression of HuR was an independent prognostic parameter for reduced overall survival with a relative risk of 2.62 (95% confidence interval, 1.32-5.19). Our results suggest that there is a dysregulation of cellular distribution of the mRNA stability factor HuR in a subset of invasive ovarian carcinomas. This dysregulation appears to result in an increased expression of COX-2, an increased proliferative rate, and may lead to a reduced survival time. Additional studies are required to analyze the downstream effects of increased cytoplasmic expression of HuR. In addition, it would be interesting to investigate the prognostic role of increased cytoplasmic expression of HuR in prospective studies.
Injection Treatment of Hydroceles and Spermatoceles
Authors: J. A. Rhind
Journal: BMJ (1951)

MEDICAL JOURNAL amount of antigen on the cell's surface, or by the collodion-particle technique where this prospect could be more easily realized.We have carried out such an experiment with the agglutinating system "blocking" anti-D-trypsinized cells.A preliminary note on this subject will be published (Hubinont, 1951).
Enzyme Deficit May Cause SIDS
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The palliative Mustard operation for double outlet right ventricle or transposition of the great arteries associated with ventricular septal defect, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and pulmonary vascular obstructive disease. A report of eight patients.
Authors: W F Bernhard, M Dick, L J Sloss, A R Castaneda, A S Nadas
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Five patients with double outlet right ventricle, ventricular septal defect, pulmonary arterial hypertension and pulmonary vascular obstructive disease and three patients with complete d-transposition of the great arteries, ventricular septal defect, pulonary arterial hypertension and pulmonary vascular obstructive disease underwent an elective Mustard baffle operation. The ventricular septal defect was not closed. A large patent ductus arteriosus was divided in three patients. Seven of the eight patients are alive five to 32 months after surgery; one patient died 11 months after surgery. Cyanosis, dyspnea on exertion, and exercise limitation improved initially in all and has persisted in the survivors. In pre and postoperative hemodynamic studies in four patients, systemic arterial oxygen saturation and effective pulmonary blood flow increased from mean values of 70% to 90% and 1.7/min/m2 to 3.3 L/mon/m2, respectively. Absolute systemic and pulmonary flows, and pressures and resistances, were not significantly altered. Criteria for selection of patients with transposition of the great arteries of double outlet right ventricle who would benefit from a palliative Mustard procedure (Mustard atrial baffle without closure of the ventricular spetal defect) are: 1) severe symptoms; 2) pulmonary arteiral hypertension (75% systemic) with pulmonary vascular obstructive disease; and 3) pulmonary artieral oxygen saturation greater than systemic (ascending aorta) arterial oxygen saturation by approximately 10%.
TCT-707 Impact of Area Cover Index on the Incidence of Conduction Abnormalities after Implantation of Balloon-Expandable Aortic Prosthesis
Authors: David Jochheim, Alexander Egger, Hans Theiss, Moritz Baquet, Martin Greif, Jörg Hausleiter, Julinda Mehilli
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The relationship of education to blood pressure: findings on 40,000 employed Chicagoans.
Authors: A R Dyer, J Stamler, R B Shekelle, J Schoenberger
Journal: Circulation (1976)

The relationship of education to both actual blood pressure and the prevalence of high blood pressure, based on a systolic pressure of 160 mm Hg or greater or a diastolic pressure of 95 mm Hg or greater, was analyzed among 27,033 men and women, white and black, age 25-44 and 45-64, from the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry. The educational status of each individual was categorized as not a high school graduate, high school graduate, some college, or college graduate. A statistically significant inverse association between education and high blood pressure was present in all groups of whites. This association could not be "accounted for" by differences in age, relative weight, and heart rate among the educational strata. Controlling for these variables did, however, lessen the association. Among black males a significant inverse association between education level and blood pressure was found for the younger group. For the older black males there was a clear inverse association although with the small numbers it did not achieve statistical significance. For black females there was no clear association.
The relationship of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids and F2-isoprostanes to plaque instability in human carotid atherosclerosis
Authors: Ziad Mallat, Tatsuji Nakamura, Jeanny Ohan, Guy Lesèche, Alain Tedgui, Jacques Maclouf, Robert C. Murphy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Evidence for increased oxidant stress has been reported in human atherosclerosis. However, no information is available about the importance of in situ oxidant stress in relation to plaque stability. This information is relevant because the morbidity and mortality of atherosclerosis are essentially the consequences of acute ischemic syndromes due to unstable plaques. We studied 30 carotid atherosclerotic plaques retrieved by endarterectomy from 18 asymptomatic (stable plaques) and 12 symptomatic patients (unstable plaques). Four normal arteries served as controls. After lipid extraction and ester hydrolysis, quantitation of different indices of oxidant stress were analyzed, including hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs), epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (EETs), ketoeicosatetraenoic acids (oxo-ETEs), and F2-isoprostanes using online reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). All measurements were carried out in a strictly double-blind procedure. We found elevated levels of the different compounds in atherosclerotic plaques. Levels of HETEs were 24 times higher than EETs, oxo-ETEs, or F2-isoprostanes. Levels of HETEs, but not those of EETs, oxo-ETEs or F2-isoprostanes, were significantly elevated in plaques retrieved from symptomatic patients compared with those retrieved from asymptomatic patients (1,738 ± 274 vs. 1,002 ± 107 pmol/μmol lipid phosphorous, respectively; P < 0.01). One monooxygenated arachidonate species, 9-HETE, which cannot be derived from known enzymatic reactions, was the most abundant and significant compound observed in plaques, suggesting that nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation predominates in advanced atherosclerosis and may promote plaque instability.
In vitro–in vivo evaluation of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) hydrogel implants containing cisplatin
Authors: Madhu Babu, Hemant K.S. Yadav, Afrasim Moin, Hosakote G. Shivakumar
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2011)

The aim of this study was to prepare hydrogel disc implants containing cisplatin from hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA). To control drug release, the monomers were cross-linked with ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). Implants were characterized by FTIR, DSC and SEM and evaluated for drug content, swelling, tensile strength, in vitro and in vivo drug release, in vitro and in vivo biodegradation of the polymer and histopathological studies. The in vitro results showed that increasing the concentration of either MMA or EGDMA decreased drug release and prolonged the implant life. Histopathological studies showed that the implants were histocompatible with surrounding tissue. Stability studies on the optimized formulation showed it was stable over 90 days at 25±3 °C. The implants can be used to achieve controlled release of drug and attain effective treatment with reduced side effects.
PHARMACOLOGY OF SOME SLOW-RELEASE PREPARATIONS OF ISONIAZID OF POTENTIAL USE IN INTERMITTENT TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: G.A. Ellard, PatriciaT. Gammon, S. Lakshminarayan, V.R. Aber, D.A. Mitchison, K.M. Citron, Wallace Fox, Ruth Tall
Journal: The Lancet (1972)
Abstract LB-354: A novel orally-bioavailable small-molecule inhibitor of Stat3 regresses human breast and lung cancer xenografts
Authors: Peibin Yue, Xiaolei Zhang, Brent DG Page, Wei Zhao, David Paladino, Patrick T. Gunning, James Turkson
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Constitutive activation of STAT3, a member of the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) family of proteins, occurs with a high frequency in diverse human tumors and is a molecular abnormality promoting carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Although STAT3 has been targeted for anticancer drug development, there is presently no STAT3 drug in the clinic. To identify potent therapeutics for tumors harboring constitutively-active STAT3, the key dimerization step in STAT3 activation was targeted in small-molecule drug development. A novel, orally bio-available small-molecule inhibitor has been identified that binds STAT3 SH2 domain with a KD of 504 nM. BP-1-102 blocks constitutively-active STAT3 signaling and selectively inhibits growth, survival, migration and invasion of diverse STAT3-dependent tumor cells in vitro. BP-1-102-mediated inhibition of aberrantly-active STAT3 in tumor cells suppresses the expression of c-Myc, Cyclin D1, Bcl-xL, Survivin, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Further, treatment with BP-1-102 of breast cancer cells harboring aberrantly-active STAT3 disrupts STAT3-NFκB cross-talk and blocks the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and paxillin, while enhancing E-cadherin expression. Intravenous or oral administration of BP-1-102 furnishes micromolar or microgram levels in tumor tissues and inhibits growth of human breast and lung tumor xenografts. Data together identify BP-1-102 as a small-molecule STAT3 inhibitor with a great potential for clinical development. The oral bioavailability represents a substantial advancement in the discovery of small-molecule STAT3 inhibitors as novel anticancer drugs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-354. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-354
Effects of Raloxifene on Cardiovascular Events and Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, Lori Mosca, Peter Collins, Mary Jane Geiger, Deborah Grady, Marcel Kornitzer, Michelle A. McNabb, Nanette K. Wenger
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

The effect of raloxifene, a selective estrogen-receptor modulator, on coronary heart disease (CHD) and breast cancer is not established.We randomly assigned 10,101 postmenopausal women (mean age, 67.5 years) with CHD or multiple risk factors for CHD to 60 mg of raloxifene daily or placebo and followed them for a median of 5.6 years. The two primary outcomes were coronary events (i.e., death from coronary causes, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for an acute coronary syndrome) and invasive breast cancer.As compared with placebo, raloxifene had no significant effect on the risk of primary coronary events (533 vs. 553 events; hazard ratio, 0.95; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.84 to 1.07), and it reduced the risk of invasive breast cancer (40 vs. 70 events; hazard ratio, 0.56; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.38 to 0.83; absolute risk reduction, 1.2 invasive breast cancers per 1000 women treated for one year); the benefit was primarily due to a reduced risk of estrogen-receptor-positive invasive breast cancers. There was no significant difference in the rates of death from any cause or total stroke according to group assignment, but raloxifene was associated with an increased risk of fatal stroke (59 vs. 39 events; hazard ratio, 1.49; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.00 to 2.24; absolute risk increase, 0.7 per 1000 woman-years) and venous thromboembolism (103 vs. 71 events; hazard ratio, 1.44; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.06 to 1.95; absolute risk increase, 1.2 per 1000 woman-years). Raloxifene reduced the risk of clinical vertebral fractures (64 vs. 97 events; hazard ratio, 0.65; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.47 to 0.89; absolute risk reduction, 1.3 per 1000).Raloxifene did not significantly affect the risk of CHD. The benefits of raloxifene in reducing the risks of invasive breast cancer and vertebral fracture should be weighed against the increased risks of venous thromboembolism and fatal stroke. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00190593 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
It's all about coordination and laterality
Authors: A. Drake-Lee
Journal: BMJ (2009)

McManus’s editorial on discrimination against left handed people and Leiske’s article on left-right discrimination in surgical trainees raise important questions that extend beyond the use of surgical instruments.1 2 Spatial awareness requires binocular vision but most surgeons have a dominant eye too. The operating microscope is set to the dominant eye, and the operating field may not be in the centre if …
Extravasation of Leukocytes from Circulation is Controlled by Gαi2 Signaling Events in the Endothelium
Authors: R.S. Pero, M.T. Borchers, K. Spicher, S.I. Ochkur, L. Sikora, S.P. Rao, K.R. O'Neill, H. Abdala-Valencia, H. Shen, M.I. Simon, M.P. McGarry, N.A. Lee, J.M. Cook-Mills, P. Sriramarao, L. Birnbaumer, J.J. Lee
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)