tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Health Care Reform — Why So Much Talk and So Little Action?
Authors: Victor R. Fuchs
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

As promised during his campaign, and under pressure from many quarters, President-elect Barack Obama may seek badly needed changes in the way the United States finances and delivers health care. Responding to public interest and perceived need, several previous presidents have attempted to enact some kind of national health insurance: Harry Truman in the 1940s, Richard Nixon in the 1970s, and most recently Bill Clinton in the 1990s. These attempts went nowhere. In pursuing comprehensive health care reform, President-elect Obama should be aware of four major reasons why, in the past, we heard so much talk and saw so little . . .
Metal sensitivity in patients with joint replacement arthroplasties.
Authors: M K Benson, P G Goodwin, J Brostoff
Journal: BMJ (1975)

A high incidence of unexpected metal sensitivity was found in patients with metal-to-metal (McKee) hip arthroplasties. Patients with metal-to-plastic (Charnley) prostheses had no greater incidence of metal sensitivity than a control group awaiting operation. If metal sensitivity does occur loosening of the prosthesis may be a complication.
TWO-YEAR PATIENT-RELATED VERSUS STENT-RELATED OUTCOMES FROM THE SORT OUT IV TRIAL
Authors: Lisette Okkels Jensen, Per Thayssen, Michael Maeng, Hans-Henrik Tilsted, Knud Hansen, Anne Kaltoft, Evald Christiansen, Henrik Hansen, Jan Ravkilde, Morten Madsen, Leif Thuesen, Jens Lassen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Imaging Strategies for Tumors of The Gastrointestinal System
Authors: W. M. Thompson
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1987)

raphy (ERCP), fine-needle aspiration bi opsy (FNAB), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Barium studies, the upper GI series, small bowel follow-through, primary-tube small bowel study (enteroclysis), and the barium enema are used to evaluate the hol low organs of the GI tract.By using a combination of high-density barium and air, the radiologist can obtain a double contrast study.The double-contrast, upper GI series and the double-contrast barium enema are generally thought to be more sensitive fordetecting primaryGI tumors than are single-contrast studies.For the pri mary-tube small bowel series, the radiolo gist places a tube past the ligament of Treitz, and a small amount of barium followed by methylcellulose is instilled through the tube to obtain a double-contrast effect.This study is felt to be more sensitive than the standard small bowel series.Ultrasound provides visualization of deep structures of the body by recording the reflections of pulses of ultrasonic waves directed into the tissues.The major advan tages of ultrasound are its relatively low cost, no ionizing radiation to the patient, and a multiplaner imaging capability.Computed tomography records images usually limited to the axial plane by using a finely collimated x-ray beam that is projected through the body.The attenua tion values of the tissues are recorded by a large number of detectors.The data are processed rapidly by a computer, pro
Growth Factor Independence 1 Antagonizes a p53-Induced DNA Damage Response Pathway in Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Cyrus Khandanpour, James D. Phelan, Lothar Vassen, Judith Schütte, Riyan Chen, Shane R. Horman, Marie-Claude Gaudreau, Joseph Krongold, Jinfang Zhu, William E. Paul, Ulrich Dührsen, Bertie Göttgens, H. Leighton Grimes, Tarik Möröy
Journal: Cancer Cell (2013)
TCT-215 Impact of Gender on the Outcomes of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Chronic Total Occlusions: insights from a multicenter registry
Authors: Bavana V. Rangan, Georgios Christopoulos, R. Michael Wyman, Khaldoon Alaswad, J. Aaron Grantham, William Lombardi, Dimitri Karmpaliotis, James Lee, Nicholas Lembo, David Kandzari, Anna Kotsia, Aristotelis Papayannis, Kalynych Anna, Harold Carlson, Craig Thompson, Santiago Garcia, Subhash Banerjee, Emmanouil Brilakis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
NHS has seen little benefit from market reforms, says think tank
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Background</h3> There is mounting evidence that dynamic neck strength may play a role in protecting against concussion. It is also well established that athletes with a prior history of concussion are at higher risk than those with no prior history. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess if there is a difference in dynamic neck strength between athletes with a self-declared history of concussion (HxC) and athletes with no history of concussion (No-HxC). Secondly, to determine if dynamic neck strength can be used as a predictor for previous concussion history through a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and hence, be used as a proxy for future concussion risk. <h3>Design</h3> Observational cohort design <h3>Setting</h3> Varsity level female competitive soccer players <h3>Participants</h3> 28 athletes (average age 19.4 years, range 18–21), separated by self-declared history of concussion (HxC n=10 and No-HxC n=18) <h3>Assessment</h3> Dynamic neck strength was calculated as the peak Rate of Force Development (RFD) in pounds-force per second (lb<sub>f</sub> *s<sup>-1</sup>) achieved during 50 revolutions on the TopSpin360 neuromuscular neck-training device. <h3>Results</h3> RFD for HxC was 3.85 lb<sub>f</sub> *s<sup>-1</sup> (95% CI 2.53 - 5.17 lb<sub>f</sub> *s<sup>-1</sup>) while RFD for No-HxC was 7.14 lb<sub>f</sub> *s<sup>-1</sup> (95% CI 5.17 – 9.12 lb<sub>f</sub> *s<sup>-1</sup>) Independent samples t test p = 0.012. ROC cut-off value of 4.5 lb<sub>f</sub> *s<sup>-1</sup> provides a sensitivity of 72% and specificity of 80% for detecting those with a history of concussion. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this pilot study of varsity female soccer athletes, those with a history of concussion demonstrate significantly lower dynamic neck strength measurements compared to teammates with no history of concussion. Knowing that HxC athletes are at higher risk of future concussion, the ROC cut-off value of 4.5 lb<sub>f</sub> *s<sup>-1</sup> provides a starting point for future studies using dynamic neck strength values for assessing baseline concussion risk in athletes.
Early Lumen Loss After Treatment of In-Stent Restenosis
Authors: Avinoam Shiran, Gary S. Mintz, Ron Waksman, Roxana Mehran, Andrea Abizaid, Kenneth M. Kent, Augusto D. Pichard, Lowell F. Satler, Jeffrey J. Popma, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Mechanisms of recurrence after treatment of in-stent restenosis are unknown. Methods and Results —We prospectively performed quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in 37 lesions with Palmaz-Schatz stents enrolled in a study of intracoronary radiation for in-stent restenosis. Primary treatment was at the discretion of the operator: PTCA (n=8) or ablation+adjunct PTCA (n=29). Lesions were studied before intervention, immediately after primary intervention, and 42±8 minutes later. QCA measurements included minimal luminal diameter and diameter stenosis. Planar IVUS measurements included arterial, stent, lumen, and in-stent tissue areas. Stent, lumen, and in-stent tissue volumes were calculated by use of Simpson’s rule. Compared with immediately after intervention, the delayed (42±8 minutes) minimal lumen area decreased by 20% (5.8±1.9 to 4.5±1.3 mm 2 , P &lt;0.0001) and the lumen volume by 12% (58±41 to 52±37 mm 3 , P =0.0001). Ten lesions (27%) had a ≥2.0-mm 2 decrease in minimum lumen area. Lumen loss (1) resulted from increased tissue with the stent, (2) correlated with lesion length and preintervention in-stent tissue, and (3) was not seen angiographically. Conclusions —There is significant tissue reintrusion shortly after catheter-based treatment of in-stent restenosis. This was greater in longer lesions and those with a larger in-stent tissue burden, was not reflected in the QCA measurements, and may contribute to recurrence.
Delta-like ligand 4-targeted nanomedicine for antiangiogenic cancer therapy
Authors: Ya-Rong Liu, Ying-Yun Guan, Xin Luan, Qin Lu, Chao Wang, Hai-Jun Liu, Yun-Ge Gao, Si-Cong Yang, Xiao Dong, Hong-Zhuan Chen, Chao Fang
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
913-122 Detection of Left Anterior Descending Artery Stenosis in Patients with Left Bundle Branch Block: Exercise, Adenosine or Dobutamine Imaging?
Authors: Periyanan Vaduganathan, Chakravarthy Raghavan, Suraj G. Kamat, John J. Mahmarian, Mario S. Verani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Ciclesonide, a novel inhaled steroid, has no effect on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis function in mild-to-moderate asthmatics
Authors: C.F. LaForce, J.W. Baker, D. Amin, S. Rohatagi, P. Mendes, J. Williams, S. Kundu, D. Banerji
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Rupture of the Trachea Following Endotracheal Intubation
Authors: Dola S. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Widespread use of the cuffed tube in anesthesia has reduced the risk of aspiration and also has reduced the possibility of obstruction to air flow. Flow of gases is facilitated as well as is the removal of tracheobronchial secretions. Few complications have been ascribed to use of the cuffed tube. Recently, however, we had an alarming experience with a patient undergoing exploratory thoracotomy for cancer of the lung. When the chest was opened, air was leaking from a tear in the trachea. Details are presented below. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> The 60-year-old operator of a pool hall was well until February 1967, when he became short of breath. He started to cough, felt weak, and lost his appetite. Night sweats developed, and by July, when he was seen at the Little Rock Veterans Administration Hospital, he had lost between 25 and 30 pounds in weight. There was a history of
CIDEC/FSP27 is regulated by peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha and plays a critical role in fasting‐ and diet‐induced hepatosteatosis
Authors: Cédric Langhi, Ángel Baldán
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

The cell death‐inducing DNA fragmentation factor alpha‐like effector c (CIDEC; also known in rodents as FSP27 or fat‐specific protein 27) is a lipid droplet‐associated protein that promotes intracellular triglyceride (TAG) storage. CIDEC/Fsp27 is highly expressed in adipose tissue, but undetectable in normal liver. However, its hepatic expression rises during fasting or under genetic or diet‐induced hepatosteatosis in both mice and patients. Herein, we demonstrate that CIDEC/Fsp27 is a direct transcriptional target of the nuclear receptor PPARα (peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha) in both mouse and human hepatocytes, and that preventing Fsp27 induction accelerates PPARα‐stimulated fatty acid oxidation. We show that adenoviral‐mediated silencing of hepatic Fsp27 abolishes fasting‐induced liver steatosis in the absence of changes in plasma lipids. Finally, we report that anti‐ Fsp27 short hairpin RNA and PPARα agonists synergize to ameliorate hepatosteatosis in mice fed a high fat diet. Conclusions : Together, our data highlight the physiological importance of CIDEC/Fsp27 in TAG homeostasis under both physiological and pathological liver steatosis. Our results also suggest that patients taking fibrates likely have elevated levels of hepatic CIDEC, which may limit the efficient mobilization and catabolism of hepatic TAGs. (H epatology 2015;61:1227–1238)
Phase I Study of the Investigational Anti-Guanylyl Cyclase C (GCC) Antibody-Drug Conjugate (ADC) Mln0264 in Adult Patients with Advanced Gastrointestinal Malignancies Expressing GCC
Authors: J.E. Faris, C. Cruz, K. Almhanna, W. Messersmith, J. Rodon, D.P. Ryan, J.A. Jung, A. Fasanmade, T. Wyant, T. Kalebic
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
SOME PSYCHOANALYTIC IDEAS APPLIED TO ELATION AND DEPRESSION
Authors: BERTRAM D. LEWIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1959)

Looking back over this exposition, I see that from first to last I have been overtly or tacitly concerned with the meaning of words, which some may think an unimportant matter. I should disagree with any such opinion. When Freud explained what he meant by the statement, "The hysteric suffers from reminiscences," he chose an allegory that depended on philology. A hysteric, he explained, was like a modern Englishman who wept every time he passed Charing Cross, etymologically chère reine Cross, so named because at this spot the funeral procession of Queen Eleanor stopped on its way from London to Westminister in the year 1204 and a cross was erected to mark the halt. Let us not suffer from reminiscences. Even if we transiently must accept the vocabulary of our ancestors and if we speak of manic-depressive states, of depressive equivalents, and persist in believing in underlying depressions, let us at least be aware that we are in the 20th century, that time separates us from the burial of the dear Queen and from the originators of the old terminology. A quiet tear may be in order, but it should not blind us to the busy modern traffic.
Abstract 1668: Understanding cancer associated SNPs in the TERT-CLPTM1L locus through population genetics
Authors: Lisa Mirabello, Charles Chung, Meredith M. Yeager, Sharon A. Savage
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Telomeres form the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes and are vital in maintaining genetic integrity. TERT encodes the telomerase reverse transcriptase, which is responsible for maintaining telomere ends by addition of (TTAGGG)n nucleotide repeats at the telomere. Recent genome-wide association studies have found common genetic variants at theTERT-CLPTM1L locus (5p15.33) associated with increased risk of several cancers, including glioma, basal cell carcinoma, testicular, pancreatic, breast and lung cancers, and possibly overall cancer risk. Our prior studies of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TERT gene region found low differentiation among populations and higher than expected levels of haplotype diversity in data from the Human Genome Diversity Panel (HGDP) and the International HapMap Project. In the current study we significantly expanded the population genetic analyses by utilizing data from the 1000 Genomes Project (2011 October release). Genetic variation from a total of 1092 individuals from 14 populations with European, East Asian, West African or American ancestry was evaluated. Data were acquired for 3468 variants in a 206kb region on 5p15.33, which included the TERT-CLPTM1L gene and flanking regions. The GLU genetics’ ld.tagzilla module was used for the tag analysis with a linkage disequilibrium (LD) pairwise r2 threshold of 0.8. Arlequin (3.5) and Genepop (4.1) packages were used to estimate diversity, LD, heterozygosity, and differentiation (FST) among populations. Pairwise LD was analyzed separately for the 4 ancestral groups (European, East Asian, West African and American) and used to select tag SNPs for each region. The 4 ancestral groups had differing LD patterns with the lowest level of LD occurring in individuals from Africa, as expected. These data were used to create the appropriate haplotype-tagging SNPs for the TERT-CLPTM1L region in each population; we present recommended tagging SNPs by ancestral group. The TERT-CLPTM1L gene region had low nucleotide diversity (mean 2 x 10−4) and differentiation among ancestral groups (90% of loci in this region had FST &amp;lt;0.10). The limited diversity in this region may be due to its critical role in telomere maintenance and chromosomal stability. The recently identified cancer associated SNPs in this region had differing genotype frequencies among ancestral groups. Variation in cancer associated alleles among ancestral groups may correlate to varying disease risks. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1668. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1668
Plasma Immunoreactive Somatostatin Response to Arginine After Glycemic Control With Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion in Type I Diabetics
Authors: Tetsuro Kobayashi, Shinji Sawano, Tokuji Itoh, Kinori Kosaka
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

The effects of 3 wk of near normoglycemia by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) on plasma immunoreactive somatostatin (IRS) responses to arginine (0.5 g · kg−1 · 30 min−1) in seven patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were compared with the same patients in poor glycemic control during conventional insulin therapy (CIT) and with seven normal controls. After 3 wk of CSII treatment, mean daily blood glucose and HhA1 decreased to mean (±SE) values of 129 ± 6 mg/dl and 8.0 ± 0.1%, respectively. Plasma free-insulin levels in IDDM patients 30 min before a meal during CSII were significantly higher than those during CIT or in normal controls. Fasting mean plasma IRS levels of the IDDM patients during CSII (7.3 ±1.4 pg/ml) were not different from those during CIT (8.4 ± 1.3 pg/ml) and in normal controls (5.9 ± 0.8 pg/ml). Arginine elicited a rise in plasma IRS during CIT in all seven IDDM patients during CIT and in the normal controls, with peak values of 18.2 ± 4 . 1 and 12.5 ± 1.8 pg/ml, respectively. However, no significant increase in plasma IRS was observed in all seven IDDM patients during CSII. The integrated values of plasma IRS during the arginine-infusion study of the IDDM patients treated with CIT were significantly higher than those of the normal controls. The increased integrated values of plasma immunoreactive glucagon response to arginine observed during CIT became normalized after CSII. These results suggest that glycemic control with CSII in IDDM patients suppresses the increased plasma IRS response to arginine that occurs during CIT. The persistent hyperinsulinemia may be related to the suppressed plasma IRS response observed in IDDM patients during CSII.
THE USE OF DIPHTHERIA TOXOID IN IMMUNIZATION OF MEDICAL STUDENTS AND NURSES
Authors: ALVIN E. KELLER
Journal: JAMA (1934)

The occurrence of diphtheria in medical students and nurses is a significant problem. While the susceptibility rate in this age period is not as high as in children under 10 years of age, the number of susceptibles among individuals 20 years of age and older is sufficiently high to warrant an attempt at immunization, especially since they are exposed frequently to this disease. Toxin-antitoxin has been usually employed in the United States for immunization of students and nurses against diphtheria. The experience with toxin-antitoxin in the immunization of nurses in the Vanderbilt University Hospital has not been satisfactory in that nine out of twenty-four Schick positive nurses receiving from three to four doses of toxin-antitoxin gave a positive reaction approximately six months after receiving the injections, and one of the group developed nasal diphtheria following three doses of toxin-antitoxin.  The effectiveness of this agent has varied in producing immunity. From
CURVATURES OF THE SPINE FOLLOWING ENCEPHALITIS LETHARGICA
Authors: R. G. Abercrombie
Journal: BMJ (1928)

SPINAL CURVATURE FOLLOWING LETHARGIC ENOEPEALITIS.I TNF JRNLr material whiclh might interfere with the transparency of the fluid to be tested.The washed tissue in amounts of 5 grams was soaked for a definite time in 100 c.cm. of the various solutions (mercuric chloride, phenol, or acriflavine) and the -concentration of drug remainiing in the solutions estimated.After soaking 5 grams of the treated muscle in 1 in 1,000 mercuric chloride for twenty-four lhours the antiseptic could not be detected in the fluid.Five grams of minced muscle after soaking in 100 c.cm. of 4 per cent.phenol for twenty-four hours reduced the strength to approximately 3.7 per cent.A solution of acriflavine 1 in 1,000 was reduced in strength after one hour to 1 in 1,200, and after twenty-four hours to 1 in 1,400, and a solution of acriflavine 1 in 5,000 fell in an hour to a concentration of 1 in 8,000 and in twenty-four hours to 1 in 10,000.Thus, as measured by such methods, the amount of antiseptic which is fixed by the tissues is in the case of acriflavine much the same as that fixed by gauze; phenol, although not fixed by gauze, is markedly fixed by tissue, whereas mercuric chloride is very powerfully fixed by the latter.Conclusions.
A memorable patient: A compassionate end
Authors: R H Soper
Journal: BMJ (2002)

After 30 years in general practice, I don't often experience an event in a working day that, as my grandmother used to say, “brings up lumps.” Recently, the death of a patient produced such a reaction.

Angela was 53 and had Down's syndrome. Institutionalised most of her life, she spent her last few years in a small unit for those with severe learning difficulties. Her Down's syndrome was severe: she had no speech or language, just shouting. Incontinence, an old ununited fracture of the humerus, and …
A 52-Year-Old Woman With Obesity
Authors: Christina C. Wee
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Ms J is a 52-year-old woman with severe obesity and depression, anxiety, and osteoarthritis who has not been able to sustain weight loss through dieting and is now considering having weight loss surgery. She would like to know the long-term effects of surgery, including its psychological consequences. The article discusses the consequences of the 2 most commonly performed bariatric procedures, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, and their effects on weight loss, comorbidities, psychological function, and overall quality of life. Evidence suggests average weight loss at 10 years after surgery of 25% and 13%, respectively. The risk of perioperative mortality varies with patient factors and surgeon experience but is typically less than 1% with experienced surgeons. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass has a higher complication rate than laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. Many obesity-related comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension resolve or improve with weight loss, and quality of life generally improves in parallel with weight loss. However, depression and anxiety, as Ms J experiences, do not necessarily improve as a result of surgery.