tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Stimulus-dependent secretion of plasma proteins from human neutrophils.
Authors: N Borregaard, L Kjeldsen, K Rygaard, L Bastholm, M H Nielsen, H Sengeløv, O W Bjerrum, A H Johnsen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

In search for matrix proteins released from secretory vesicles of human neutrophils, a prominent 67-kD protein was identified in the extracellular medium of neutrophils stimulated by the chemotactic peptide, FMLP. The protein was purified to apparent homogeneity and partially sequenced. The sequence of the first 32 NH2-terminal amino acids was identical to the sequence of albumin. mRNA for human albumin could not be detected in bone marrow cells, nor could biosynthetic labeling of albumin be demonstrated in bone marrow cells during incubation with [14C]leucine. Immunofluorescence studies on single cells demonstrated the presence of intracellular albumin in fixed permeabilized neutrophils. Light microscopy of immunogold-silver-stained cryosections visualized albumin in cytoplasmic "granules." The morphology of these was determined by immunoelectron microscopy as vesicles of varying form and size. Subcellular fractionation studies on unstimulated neutrophils demonstrated the presence of albumin in the low density pre-gamma and gamma-regions that contain secretory vesicles, but are devoid of specific granules and azurophil granules. Albumin was readily released from these structures during activation of neutrophils with inflammatory mediators. Immunoblotting demonstrated the presence of immunoglobulin and transferrin along with albumin in exocytosed material from stimulated neutrophils. This indicates that secretory vesicles are unique endocytic vesicles that can be triggered to exocytose by inflammatory stimuli.
Tracheal compression relieved by cardiomyotomy.
Authors: A Morrow, T J Coady, D Seaton
Journal: Thorax (1982)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> To determine whether cleaning the cervix with a cotton swab affects the quality of the conventional Papanicolaou smear. <h3>DESIGN</h3> Prospective, single-blinded randomized case-control study. <h3>SETTING</h3> Two academic family medicine teaching units and 1 community family practice site. <h3>PARTICIPANTS</h3> Female patients, 18 to 65 years of age, who presented for a routine Pap smear in the family practice setting were randomized into the Swab Group (n = 300) or the No Swab Group (n = 316). <h3>INTERVENTION</h3> Before the Pap smear, the cervix of patients in the Swab Group was wiped with a cotton swab until visibly free of mucus. In the No Swab Group, the cervix was not cleaned with a cotton swab before the Pap smear. <h3>MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES</h3> The quality of the conventional Pap smear was determined by the presence or absence of endocervical cells noted on the pathology report. <h3>RESULTS</h3> There was no major difference in the quality of the Pap smear in terms of the adequacy of endocervical cells between the Swab and No Swab Group. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> Cleaning the cervix with a cotton swab does not appear to affect the quality of the conventional Pap smear in terms of adequacy of endocervical cells. This implies that the practice of wiping or not wiping the mucus from the cervix before taking the Pap smear can be employed at the discretion of the clinician.
Dissociation of Its Opposing Immunologic Effects Is Critical for the Optimization of Antitumor CD8+ T-Cell Responses Induced by Interleukin 21
Authors: Sascha Ansén, Marcus O. Butler, Alla Berezovskaya, Andrew P. Murray, Kristen Stevenson, Lee M. Nadler, Naoto Hirano
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: Interleukin 21 (IL-21) is a promising new cytokine, which is undergoing clinical testing as an anticancer agent. Although IL-21 provides potent stimulation of CD8+ T cells, it has also been suggested that IL-21 is immunosuppressive by counteracting the maturation of dendritic cells. The dissociation of these two opposing effects may enhance the utility of IL-21 as an immunotherapeutic. In this study, we used a cell-based artificial antigen-presenting cell (aAPC) lacking a functional IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) to investigate the immunostimulatory properties of IL-21. Experimental Design: The immunosuppressive activity of IL-21 was studied using human IL-21R+ dendritic cells. Antigen-specific CD8+ T cells stimulated with human cell–based IL-21R-aAPC were used to isolate the T-cell immunostimulatory effects of IL-21. The functional outcomes, including phenotype, cytokine production, proliferation, and cytotoxicity were evaluated. Results: IL-21 limits the immune response by maintaining immunologically immature dendritic cells. However, stimulation of CD8+ T cells with IL-21R- aAPC, which secrete IL-21, results in significant expansion. Although priming in the presence of IL-21 temporarily modulated the T-cell phenotype, chronic stimulation abrogated these differences. Importantly, exposure to IL-21 during restimulation promoted the enrichment and expansion of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells that maintained IL-2 secretion and gained enhanced IFN-γ secretion. Tumor antigen-specific CTL generated in the presence of IL-21 recognized tumor cells efficiently, demonstrating potent effector functions. Conclusions: IL-21 induces opposing effects on antigen-presenting cells and CD8+ T cells. Strategic application of IL-21 is required to induce optimal clinical effects and may enable the generation of large numbers of highly avid tumor-specific CTL for adoptive immunotherapy.
Optical analysis of computed tomography images of the liver predicts fibrosis stage and distribution in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Manuel Romero-Gómez, Emilio Gómez-González, Ana Madrazo, Marina Vera-Valencia, Luis Rodrigo, Ramón Pérez-Alvarez, Rosa Pérez-López, Victor M. Castellano-Megias, Manuel Nevado-Santos, Juan C. Alcón, Ricard Solá, José M. Pérez-Moreno, José M. Navarro, Raúl J. Andrade, Javier Salmerón, Manuel Fernández-López, Rafael Aznar, Moisés Diago
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

This study was undertaken to evaluate an image processing method for assessing liver fibrosis in conventional computed tomography (CT) scans in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Two cohorts (designated “estimation,” n = 34; and “validation,” n = 107) of chronic hepatitis C patients were assessed using digitized conventional helical CT. Weighted CT mean fibrosis (Fibro-CT) was calculated as a nonlinear weighted mean F-score for each sample. Fibrosis was defined according to Scheuer on the F0 to F4 scale by 2 pathologists blinded regarding the Fibro-CT data. Fibrosis according to Fibro-CT correlated with histology-determined fibrosis ( r = 0.69; P &lt; 0.001) and with increasing F-stage: F0 = 0.23 ± 0.39; F1 = 0.90 ± 0.99; F2 = 1.41 ± 0.94; F3 = 2.79 ± 0.55; F4 = 3.15 ± 0.35 [analysis of variance: P &lt; 0.0001). The receiver operating characteristics curve to diagnose significant fibrosis (≥F2) was 0.83; 95% confidence interval (95%CI), 0.75 to 0.91; and, to diagnose advanced fibrosis (≥F3), was 0.86, 95%CI: 0.80 to 0.93. The correlation between Fibro-CT and fibrosis was higher in patients with homogeneous distribution of fibrosis than in patients with heterogeneous distribution ( r = 0.77 versus r = 0.43; P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Optical digital analysis of CT images of the liver is effective in determining the stage and distribution of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. In patients with homogeneous fibrosis distribution, the correlation between Fibro-CT and histology was better than in patients with heterogeneous distribution. Fibro-CT is a simple to use, readily available, and useful method for the diagnosis of fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
Interaction of chloride and bicarbonate transport across the basolateral membrane of rabbit proximal straight tubule. Evidence for sodium coupled chloride/bicarbonate exchange.
Authors: S Sasaki, N Yoshiyama
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

The existence of chloride/bicarbonate exchange across the basolateral membrane and its physiologic significance were examined in rabbit proximal tubules. S2 segments of the proximal straight tubule were perfused in vitro and changes in intracellular pH (pHi) and chloride activity (aCli) were monitored by double-barreled microelectrodes. Total peritubular chloride replacement with gluconate increased pHi by 0.8, and this change was inhibited by a pretreatment with an anion transport inhibitor, SITS. Peritubular bicarbonate reduction increased aCli, and most of this increase was lost when ambient sodium was totally removed. The reduction rates of pHi induced by a peritubular bicarbonate reduction or sodium removal were attenuated by 20% by withdrawal of ambient chloride. SITS application to the bath in the control condition quickly increased pHi, but did not change aCli. However, the aCli slightly decreased in response to SITS when the basolateral bicarbonate efflux was increased by reducing peritubular bicarbonate concentration. It is concluded that sodium coupled chloride/bicarbonate exchange is present in parallel with sodium-bicarbonate cotransport in the basolateral membrane of the rabbit proximal tubule, and it contributes to the basolateral bicarbonate and chloride transport.
Oral combination chemotherapy with capecitabine and cyclophosphamide in patients with metastatic breast cancer: phase II study.
Authors: M Tanaka, K Tamura, K Anan, S Ohno, R Nishimura, Y Yamamoto, N Masuda, S Mitsuyama
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #6120 Background : Capecitabine and cyclophosphamide(XC) are shown to have a synergistic effect in the preclinical study and can be given orally with non-overlapping toxicities. Phase I study of XC was conducted for metastatic breast cancer patients and the recommended dose was 1657/mg/m2/day of X and 65mg/m2/day of C, respectively, which were to be given daily for 2 weeks at every 3-week schedule. We conducted phase II study with this regimen.&amp;#x2028; Patients and methods: Women with advanced or metastatic breast cancer who had been treated previously with anthracyclines but not with taxanes, were entered into this trial. Other eligibility criteria included an age from 20 to 74 years, ECOG performance status 0-2, presence of measurable lesions according to the RECIST criteria, HER2-negative tumors, and acceptable major organ functions. One course of XC consisted of the above recommended dose and schedule, and at least 6 courses were to be given unless progression of the disease or unacceptable toxicities occurred. The primary endpoint was response rate and the secondary endpoints were progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and adverse events. The study was started in July 2005 and ended in December 2007.&amp;#x2028; Results: Forty-eight patients were registered. The median age was 57 (range: 32 to 72). Thirty-three patients were postmenopausal. Estrogen and progesterone receptor was positive in 30 and 23 patients, negative in 14 and 19, and unknown in 4 and 6 patients, respectively. Three patients never received XC, and 2 patients were withdrawn from the study due to nausea and vomiting during the first course. Two patients were not evaluable for tumor response. Among 43 evaluable patients, there was complete response in 2 patients, partial response in 14, stable disease in 8, and progression of the disease in 19. Thus, an overall response rate was 87%. The response rate of metastatic lesions in each organ was 50% in lungs (6 patients), 65% in liver (17), 80% in lymph nodes (15), and 1.4% in skin (7), respectively. The median PFS and OS was 146 (85 to 942+) days and 672 days with a median follow-up time of 311 (97-1045+) days, respectively. Grade 3 toxicity was encountered for neutropenia with no fever in 5, anorexia in 2, and nausea/vomiting and diarrhea in 1 of each patient. Grade 1 and 2 hand-foot syndrome was experienced in 12 and 2 patients, respectively. One patient with liver metastasis showed grade 3 anemia, thrombocytopenia and elevated serum transaminase levels.&amp;#x2028; Conclusion: Oral XC combination (1657/mg/m2/day and 65mg/m2/day for 2 weeks at every 3-week schedule) is effective to women with advanced or metastatic breast cancer with acceptable toxicities. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 6120.
Medicare hospital fees will be frozen
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

A United States federal advisory panel has recommended that Congress freeze Medicare payments to hospitals at their current rates. If the “zero update” plan from the Prospective Payment Assessment Commission is accepted it would be the first time that Medicare reimbursement rates have been frozen.

Medicare is the federally funded healthcare plan that provides basic medical insurance to 38 million elderly and disabled people in the United States. It is important in the US healthcare system–nationwide it pays …
Hypopituitarism Secondary to Hypothalamic Insufficiency
Authors: PAUL D. WOOLF
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

One year after a basilar skull fracture suffered in an automobile accident, a 21-year-old woman was found to have profound hypopituitarism, with normal pituitary responsiveness to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone. Her base-line thyrotrophin, Cortisol, growth hormone, and urinary 17-hydroxysteroids were undetectable. The plasma follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were at the lower limits of normal; plasma thyroxine was in the hypothyroid range. Provocative testing of the pituitary-end organ axis by clomiphene citrate, insulin-induced hypoglycemia, and metyrapone was without effect. Nevertheless, her basal plasma prolactin was markedly elevated, and both circulating thyrotrophin and prolactin increased after the intravenous administration of 100 µg of synthetic thyrotrophin-releasing hormone, which indirectly documents abnormal hypothalamic function. This patient's hypopituitarism was secondary to either hypothalamic insufficiency or interruption of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-portal circulation.
Endocarditis in Marian's Syndrome
Authors: HARRIS A. LAPPIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments and Corrections1 March 1975Endocarditis in Marian's SyndromeHARRIS A. LAPPIN, M.D.HARRIS A. LAPPIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-82-3-432 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Dowling and associates (1) have described in your journal a case of bacterial endocarditis caused by Neisseria mucosa in a patient with Marian's syndrome. Endocarditis is a well-described complication of the mitral valve prolapse-click syndrome (MVP-CS), as reviewed by Jeresaty (2). There is also strong support for the concept that MVP-CS is a forme fruste of Marfan's disease (3). It would therefore not be surprising to discover on rare occasion a patient with Marfan's syndrome and endocarditis from almost any organism.The case report implies that the endocarditis in this patient occurred in the presence of penicillin...References1. DOWLINGLEESACCO JWR: Endocarditis caused by Neisseria mucosa in Marfan's syndrome. Ann Intern Med 81:641-643, 1974 LinkGoogle Scholar2. JERESATY R: Mitral valve prolapse-click syndrome. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 15:623-652, 1973 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. READTHALWENDY RAV: Symptomatic valvular myxomatous transformation (the floppy valve syndrome) : a possible forme fruste of the Marfan syndrome. Circulation 37:897-910, 1965 CrossrefGoogle Scholar1. : Prevention of bacterial endocarditis. Circulation 46:3-6, 1972 Google Scholar2. GARRODWATERWORTH LP: The risks of dental extraction during penicillin treatment. Br Heart J 24:39-46, 1962 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Medicine School of Medicine University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, California 94143 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByEndocarditis and the Marfan SyndromeHERBERT MARK, M.D., MELVIN HERSHKOWITZ, M.D. 1 March 1975Volume 82, Issue 3Page: 432-433KeywordsEndocarditisMarfan syndromeMucous membranesNeisseriaPenicillin Issue Published: 1 March 1975 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Letter: Dalkon Shield
Authors: F. A. Clark
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We are pleased for the opportunity to reply to the comments of two individuals familiar with the use of monosodium glutamate (MSG) in the food industry. Dr. Ebert was previously Manager for Product Safety Evaluation at International Minerals and Chemical Corp., which for many years produced MSG commercially under the trademark Acćent. He is now Director of Product Safety and Regulatory Affairs at the Wm. Underwood Co., which currently produces Acćent. Acćent is marketed for use as a "flavor enhancer." Ms. June Reaume has described her experience with MSG evaluations by a flavor panel. Both individuals argue that MSG is only used in small quantities as a "flavor enhancer" or "flavor potentiator." Recommended amounts vary from 0.1% to 0.3%.<sup>1</sup> The term "flavor enhancer" needs clarification. If the addition of one substance to another changes the flavor of the second substance, even though the flavor of the first
Photothermal therapy of tumors in lymph nodes using gold nanorods and near-infrared laser light
Authors: Tatsuki Okuno, Shigeki Kato, Yuriko Hatakeyama, Junnosuke Okajima, Shigenao Maruyama, Maya Sakamoto, Shiro Mori, Tetsuya Kodama
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)
White coat hyperglycaemia: disparity between diabetes clinic and home blood glucose concentrations.
Authors: L. V. Campbell, S. M. Ashwell, M. Borkman, D. J. Chisholm
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVES--To identify patients with discrepantly high clinic blood glucose concentrations compared with self reported values and to assess whether such patients have errors in self monitoring technique. To determine whether, in patients with good technique, the discrepancy is a transient phenomenon related to clinic attendance. DESIGN--Prospective study of diabetes clinic patients recruited over six months. SETTING--Outpatient diabetes clinic of a teaching hospital. SUBJECTS--34 consecutive patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes who had had at least two consecutive clinic blood glucose concentrations more than 5 mmol/l higher than the mean self reported concentration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Assessment of monitoring technique; presence of cognitive or physical impairment; serum fructosamine concentration; home and clinic blood glucose concentrations. RESULTS--15 of 34 patients had errors in monitoring technique, 12 of whom had cognitive or physical impairment. In the remaining 19, the mean (SD) blood glucose concentrations of capillary and venous samples taken at home (10.2 (0.6) and 12.2 (1.1) mmol/l respectively) were significantly lower than in those taken at the clinic (16.8 (1.6) mmol/l, p &lt; 0.0002). The fructosamine concentration was significantly higher in patients with monitoring errors than those without (2.4 (0.4) v 1.8 (0.4) mmol/l, p &lt; 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS--"White coat" hyperglycaemia was detected in about half the patients but errors in technique accounted for the rest of the discrepancies. Patients9 ability should be assessed before teaching self monitoring and the technique checked regularly.
Inhibition of transepithelial sodium transport in the frog skin by a low molecular weight fraction of uremic serum
Authors: Jacques Bourgoignie, Saulo Klahr, Neal S. Bricker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

An inhibitor of transepithelial sodium transport was found in a low molecular weight fraction obtained from serum of patients with far advanced chronic renal disease. In 18 nondialyzed patients, the mean inhibition of short circuit current (SCC) was 24.9 +/-2.2% (SE). With a comparable fraction from 11 normal subjects. SCC decreased by only 5.3 +/-1.5%. There was significantly greater inhibition with the serum fractions of patients with end stage renal disease being maintained on chronic hemodialysis than in the normal control group; but the degree of inhibition in the dialyzed population was significantly less than that observed in the nondialyzed chronically uremic patients. The inhibition of SCC produced by the serum fractions of a group of seven patients with acute renal failure was not significantly different from the control group despite the presence of high grade uremia in the former. The inhibitory fraction has characteristics identical with the uremic serum fraction which previously has been shown to inhibit p-aminohippurate (PAH) uptake by rabbit kidney cortical slices. With gel filtration through Sephadex G-25, the active fraction appears after the major peaks of substances as small as urea and sodium; hence it may have been retarded on the column. But its ultrafiltration characteristics suggest that its molecular weight may be less than 1000. The inhibitory capability was not destroyed by boiling, freezing, or digestion with chymotrypsin or pronase. Neither methylguanidine nor guanidinosuccinic acid in concentrations well above those present in the serum of uremic patients inhibited sodium transport in the frog skin. The data suggest that there is an inhibitor of sodium transport in the serum of patients with chronic uremia. The role of this material in the regulation of sodium excretion in uremia as well as its possible role as a uremic toxin are subjects of both theoretical and practical interest.
Pathogenesis of Urinary-Tract Infections in Children
Authors: Terry D. Allen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

DURING the past decade there has been a revival of interest in the subject of childhood urinary-tract infection, stimulated in part by the realization that these infections are not always merely isolated events but often the forerunners of serious renal disease of adulthood. This renewal has, in fact, been so extensive that new information has accumulated faster than it can readily be exploited clinically. In this review, an attempt is made to assemble some of this material and to evaluate its significance in relation to the basic pathogenesis and natural history of the disease.Clinical DataDefinitionRecent discoveries have . . .
MRI Findings and Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Opher Caspi, Burris Duncan, Tong Li Han, Li-Ping Zou
Journal: JAMA (2007)

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