tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Corticosteroids and bone mass in asthma: comparisons with rheumatoid arthritis and polymyalgia rheumatica.
Authors: D M Reid, J J Nicoll, M A Smith, B Higgins, P Tothill, G Nuki
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Bone mass has previously been shown to be reduced at peripheral bone sites in patients with bronchial asthma receiving corticosteroids. To assess whether total bone mass is reduced in asthma total body calcium was measured by in vivo neutron activation analysis in patients receiving various treatments for asthma and compared with results from normal controls and patients with rheumatoid arthritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Compared with controls total body calcium was reduced by 13.6% (p less than 0.001) in patients with asthma receiving daily oral corticosteroids but by only 9.0% (p less than 0.005) in a similar group of patients who had received oral calcium supplements at the start of their corticosteroid treatment. Total body calcium was also reduced in a group of patients receiving only inhaled corticosteroids (8.8%; p less than 0.001) but not significantly reduced in a small group of patients with asthma who had never received these drugs. When compared with controls a group of patients matched for age and for dose of corticosteroids given for rheumatoid arthritis had a similar reduction in total body calcium to the patients with asthma receiving daily oral treatment (17.7%; p less than 0.001), but no such reduction was shown in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica. These findings suggest that the risk of bone loss with low dose oral corticosteroids in similar in asthma and rheumatoid arthritis. Further work is required to assess the clinical relevance of small losses of bone associated with the use of inhaled corticosteroids.
Severe thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) induced or exacerbated by the immunostimulatory herbEchinacea
Authors: Liatsos George, Elefsiniotis Ioannis, Todorova Radostina, Moulakakis Antonios
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Combination Therapy With rFVIIa and Platelets for Hemorrhage in Patients With Severe Thrombocytopenia and AlloimmunizationTo the Editor: Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) is approved in the U.S. for treatment of bleeding in hemophiliacs with inhibitors.It has also been used in a small number of patients with severe thrombocytopenia who were refractory to platelets [1], but its efficacy has not been well established in this setting.We cared for 2 patients with life-threatening bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and platelet refractoriness who had dramatic clinical responses to the combination of platelet transfusions and a single dose of rFVIIa.Patient 1 is 61-year-old male with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) who was refractory to platelet transfusions due to severe alloimmunization.He developed sudden, acute, severe gastrointestinal bleeding and hypotension, losing more than 500 mL of bright red blood per rectum (BRBPR).His platelet count was 2000/mL.He received 7 units of PRBC, 36 units of
Molecular basis of mouse microphthalmia (mi) mutations helps explain their developmental and phenotypic consequences
Authors: Eiríkur Steingrímsson, Karen J. Moore, M. Lynn Lamoreux, Adrian R. Ferré-D'Amaré, Stephen K. Burley, Debra C. Sanders Zimring, Loren C. Skow, Colin A. Hodgkinson, Heinz Arnheiter, Neal G. Copeland, Nancy A. Jenkins
Journal: Nature Genetics (1994)
What Price Salary?
Authors: Louis J. Kettel
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the days of my internship, I do not recall labor negotiations or stressful confrontations between house officers and attending physicians. Indeed, most house officer stress was related to patient care or learning. Today, we see a great deal of anxiety expressed by house officers over sleep deprivation, conditions of employment, psychological burdens, financial indebtedness, and lack of time for interpersonal relationships. Surely these were present in the past, but somehow they seemed better managed. In analyzing my own discomforts or comforts or both during training, I note one striking difference between my experience and that of the present graduate education system participants. The difference is salary. Payment for graduate education was the right to work with a preceptor in an office or hospital. In lieu of educational fees, one worked as a true apprentice. Salary was a nonissue. Employment was a matter of free choice. In
Brain drain and health professionals
Authors: T. Pang
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Migration of medical professionals from developing countries has become a major concern. This brain drain worsens the already depleted healthcare resources in poor countries and widens the gap in health inequities worldwide. It is time that international organisations collaborated to protect the value of this “intellectual property”: where medical professionals cannot be dissuaded from moving, the country that trained them should at least gain from their movement.

In Africa alone, where health needs and problems are greatest, around 23 000 qualified academic professionals emigrate annually.1 Information from South African medical schools suggests that a third to a half of its graduates emigrate to the developed world.2 The loss of nurses has been even more extreme—for example, more than 150 000 Filipino nurses3 and 18 000 Zimbabwean nurses4 work abroad. A recent report from the United Kingdom estimated that 31% of its doctors and 13% of its nurses are born overseas; in London the figures are 23% and 47% respectively.5 These reported figures are likely to be underestimates as many migrate unofficially.

The cost implications are significant. With 600 of its medical …
Transcriptional and epigenetic basis for restoration of G6PD enzymatic activity in human G6PD-deficient cells
Authors: Kalliopi Makarona, Valentina S. Caputo, Joana R. Costa, Binbin Liu, David O’Connor, Deena Iskander, David Roper, Lynn Robertson, Neha Bhatnagar, Evangelos Terpos, Elisabeth Georgiou, Maria Papaioannou, D. Mark Layton, Lucio Luzzatto, Irene Roberts, Anastasios Karadimitris
Journal: Blood (2014)
FIVE CASES OF CONGENITAL, BILATERAL, SYMMETRICAL DISPLACEMENT OF THE LENS OF THE EYE IN THREE SUCCESSIVE GENERATIONS OF ONE FAMILY.
Authors: EDWARD FROST PARKER
Journal: JAMA (1898)

Cases of congenital ectopia lentis may, for convenience of reference, be divided into three groups: first, those occurring in one member of the family; second, those occurring in several members of the same family; and third, those occurring in one or more members of a family for two or more generations. The malformation is not commonly met with, as out of fifty thousand hospital and private patients of Knapp's in New York City, only ten (1 in 5000) were seen. Notwithstanding this, however, illustrations of individual cases (group I) are quite numerous in literature, and probably number about a hundred. Examples of the malposition occurring in more than one member of the same generation of a family (group II) are also on record to the number of twenty. Instances of the ectopia in several members of the same family for several successive generations (group III) are quite rare and far
Sickle Cell Nephropathy
Authors: Leonard B. Berman
Journal: JAMA (1974)

IT IS fitting that the shape of a sickled red blood cell (RBC) should resemble that of a kidney. The patient with sickle cell trait or disease is liable to experience several types of sickle cell nephropathy. The best known of these is gross hematuria, seen most often with the trait. The bleeding arises just beneath the pelvic mucosa, where masses of sharp-pointed sickled RBCs engorge and rupture venules. The low oxygen pressure and interstitial hypertonicity, which are characteristic of the renal medulla, undoubtedly favor the formation of these sickle cell masses. The same concept applies to the second of the nephropathies, papillary necrosis. This is a slowly developing process affecting one papilla at a time and is not associated with acute renal failure. The third nephropathy is the nephrotic syndrome, associated with glomerular microinfarcts resulting from plugs of sickled RBCs. It is uncommon and unresponsive to steroid therapy. The
Early and Late Direct Costs in a Southern African Antiretroviral Treatment Programme: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Rory Leisegang, Susan Cleary, Michael Hislop, Alistair Davidse, Leon Regensberg, Francesca Little, Gary Maartens
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2009)

Background There is a paucity of data on the health care costs of antiretroviral therapy (ART) programmes in Africa. Our objectives were to describe the direct heath care costs and establish the cost drivers over time in an HIV managed care programme in Southern Africa. Methods/Findings We analysed the direct costs of treating HIV-infected adults enrolled in the managed care programme from 3 years before starting non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based ART up to 5 years afterwards. The CD4 cell count criterion for starting ART was <350 cells/µl. We explored associations between variables and mean total costs over time using a generalised linear model with a log-link function and a gamma distribution. Our cohort consisted of 10,735 patients (59.4% women) with 594,497 mo of follow up data (50.9% of months on ART). Median baseline CD4+ cell count and viral load were 125 cells/µl and 5.16 log10 copies/ml respectively. There was a peak in costs in the period around ART initiation (from 4 mo before until 4 mo after starting ART) driven largely by hospitalisation, following which costs plateaued for 5 years. The variables associated with changes in mean total costs varied with time. Key early associations with higher costs were low baseline CD4+ cell count, high baseline HIV viral load, and shorter duration in HIV care prior to starting ART; whilst later associations with higher costs were lower ART adherence, switching to protease inhibitor-based ART, and starting ART at an older age. Conclusions Drivers of mean total costs changed considerably over time. Starting ART at higher CD4 counts or longer pre-ART care should reduce early costs. Monitoring ART adherence and interventions to improve it should reduce later costs. Cost models of ART should take into account these time-dependent cost drivers, and include costs before starting ART. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Calcium dependent positive inotropic effects of low phorbol ester concentrations in isolated rat hearts
Authors: M. Karmazyn, J. V Haist
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Calcium dependent positive inotropic effects of low phorbol ester concentrations in isolated rat hearts Get access Morris Karmazyn, Morris Karmazyn Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada: M Karmazyn, J V Haist. Correspondence to Dr Karmazyn. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar James V Haist James V Haist Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada: M Karmazyn, J V Haist. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 3, March 1993, Pages 390–395, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.3.390 Published: 01 March 1993 Article history Received: 15 May 1992 Accepted: 26 August 1992 Published: 01 March 1993
Successful interleukin-2 therapy of advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
Authors: M. Rybojad, J.P. Marolleau, B. Flageul, M. Baccard, M. Brandely, P. Morel, C. Gisselbrecht
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Journal Article Successful interleukin‐2 therapy of advanced cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma Get access M. Rybojad, M. Rybojad Départment de Dermatologie, Hopital Saint‐Louis F75475 Paris Cedex 10 France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.P. Marolleau, J.P. Marolleau Département d'Hématologie, Hopital Saint‐Louis F75475 Paris Cedex 10 France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Flageul, B. Flageul Départment de Dermatologie, Hopital Saint‐Louis F75475 Paris Cedex 10 France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Baccard, M. Baccard Départment de Dermatologie, Hopital Saint‐Louis F75475 Paris Cedex 10 France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Brandely, M. Brandely Roussel UCLAF 102‐111 route de Noisy, 93230 Romainville, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Morel, P. Morel Départment de Dermatologie, Hopital Saint‐Louis F75475 Paris Cedex 10 France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Gisselbrecht C. Gisselbrecht Département d'Hématologie, Hopital Saint‐Louis F75475 Paris Cedex 10 France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 127, Issue 1, 1 July 1992, Pages 63–64, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1992.tb14832.x Published: 01 July 1992
Blood organic mercury and dietary mercury intake: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 and 2000.
Authors: Kathryn R Mahaffey, Robert P Clickner, Catherine C Bodurow
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Blood organic mercury (i.e., methyl mercury) concentrations among 1,709 women who were participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 1999 and 2000 (1999-2000 NHANES) were 0.6 microg/L at the 50th percentile and ranged from concentrations that were nondetectable (5th percentile) to 6.7 microg/L (95th percentile). Blood organic/methyl mercury reflects methyl mercury intake from fish and shellfish as determined from a methyl mercury exposure parameter based on 24-hr dietary recall, 30-day food frequency, and mean concentrations of mercury in the fish/shellfish species reported as consumed (multiple correlation coefficient > 0.5). Blood organic/methyl mercury concentrations were lowest among Mexican Americans and highest among participants who designated themselves in the Other racial/ethnic category, which includes Asians, Native Americans, and Pacific Islanders. Blood organic/methyl mercury concentrations were ~1.5 times higher among women 30-49 years of age than among women 16-29 years of age. Blood mercury (BHg) concentrations were seven times higher among women who reported eating nine or more fish and/or shellfish meals within the past 30 days than among women who reported no fish and/or shellfish consumption in the past 30 days. Blood organic/methyl mercury concentrations greater than or equal to 5.8 microg/L were lowest among Mexican Americans (2.0%) and highest among examinees in the Other racial/ethnic category (21.7%). Based on the distribution of BHg concentrations among the adult female participants in 1999-2000 NHANES and the number of U.S. births in 2000, > 300,000 newborns each year in the United States may have been exposed in utero to methyl mercury concentrations higher than those considered to be without increased risk of adverse neurodevelopmental effects associated with methyl mercury exposure.
The Dragon's Tail: Radiation Safety in the Manhattan Project, 1942-1946
Authors: Victor E. Archer
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The book's title is a metaphorical comparison of a dragon's tail to the "special hazards" of the Manhattan Project. It was not intended to refer to the fact that many members of the public have come to regard the Atomic Energy Commission and its successor agencies as a malevolent dragon trying to cover up injuries it has caused. This book is clearly intended to combat that perception. It is a thoroughly documented history (one third of the book is references) of the development of radiation safety: of how the lessons learned from handling radium and x-rays were applied to the prevention of injuries while developing and testing nuclear weapons. The massive amounts of ionizing radiation and large amounts of little known substances such as plutonium posed big new safety problems in a tense wartime atmosphere. There was always a conflict between building the bomb in secrecy and radiation safety (both
Effectiveness of a monovalent rotavirus vaccine in infants in Malawi after programmatic roll-out: an observational and case-control study
Authors: Naor Bar-Zeev, Lester Kapanda, Jacqueline E Tate, Khuzwayo C Jere, Miren Iturriza-Gomara, Osamu Nakagomi, Charles Mwansambo, Anthony Costello, Umesh D Parashar, Robert S Heyderman, Neil French, Nigel A Cunliffe
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2015)

Rotavirus is the main cause of severe acute gastroenteritis in children in Africa. Monovalent human rotavirus vaccine (RV1) was added into Malawi's infant immunisation schedule on Oct 29, 2012. We aimed to assess the impact and effectiveness of RV1 on rotavirus gastroenteritis in the 2 years after introduction.From Jan 1, 2012, to June 30, 2014, we recruited children younger than 5 years who were admitted into Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi, with acute gastroenteritis. We assessed stool samples from these children for presence of rotavirus with use of ELISA and we genotyped rotaviruses with use of RT-PCR. We compared rotavirus detection rates in stool samples and incidence of hospital admittance for rotavirus in children from Jan 1 to June 30, in the year before vaccination (2012) with the same months in the 2 years after vaccination was introduced (2013 and 2014). In the case-control portion of our study, we recruited eligible rotavirus-positive children from the surveillance platform and calculated vaccine effectiveness (one minus the odds ratio of vaccination) by comparing infants with rotavirus gastroenteritis with infants who tested negative for rotavirus, and with community age-matched and neighbourhood-matched controls.We enrolled 1431 children, from whom we obtained 1417 stool samples (99%). We detected rotavirus in 79 of 157 infants (50%) before the vaccine, compared with 57 of 219 (40%) and 52 of 170 (31%) in successive calendar years after vaccine introduction (p=0·0002). In the first half of 2012, incidence of rotavirus hospital admission was 269 per 100,000 infants compared with 284 in the same months of 2013 (rise of 5·8%, 95% CI -23·1 to 45·4; p=0·73) and 153 in these months in 2014 (a reduction from the prevaccine period of 43·2%, 18·0-60·7; p=0·003). We recruited 118 vaccine-eligible rotavirus cases (median age 8·9 months; IQR 6·6-11·1), 317 rotavirus-test-negative controls (9·4 months; 6·9-11·9), and 380 community controls (8·8 months; 6·5-11·1). Vaccine effectiveness for two doses of RV1 in rotavirus-negative individuals was 64% (95% CI 24-83) and community controls was 63% (23-83). The point estimate of effectiveness was higher against genotype G1 than against G2 and G12.Routine use of RV1 reduced hospital admissions for several genotypes of rotavirus in children younger than 5 years, especially in infants younger than 1 year. Our data support introduction of rotavirus vaccination at the WHO recommended schedule, with continuing surveillance in high-mortality countries.Wellcome Trust, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals.
A phase 2B study of MK-7009 (vaniprevir) in patients with genotype 1 HCV infection who have failed previous pegylated interferon and ribavirin treatment
Authors: Eric Lawitz, Maribel Rodriguez-Torres, Albrecht Stoehr, Edward J. Gane, Lawrence Serfaty, Sanhita Bhanja, Richard J. Barnard, Di An, Jacqueline Gress, Peggy Hwang, Niloufar Mobashery
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Phospholipid esterified octadeca-9 cis II trans-dienoic acid in benign, premalignant and malignant skin lesions
Authors: J. Ashworth, D.G. Wickens, P.D.L. Maurice, G. Lewis, T.L. Dormandy, S.M. Breathnach
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1989)

Journal Article Phospholipid esterified octadeca‐9 cis II trans‐dienoic acid in benign, premalignant and malignant skin lesions Get access J. Ashworth, J. Ashworth Department of Medicine (Dermatology), Charing Cross and Westminister Medical School, London W6 8RF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.G. Wickens, D.G. Wickens Department of Chemical Pathology, Whittington Hospital, London N19 5NF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P.D.L. Maurice, P.D.L. Maurice Department of Medicine (Dermatology), Charing Cross and Westminister Medical School, London W6 8RF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Lewis, G. Lewis Department of Chemical Pathology, Whittington Hospital, London N19 5NF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T.L. Dormandy, T.L. Dormandy Department of Chemical Pathology, Whittington Hospital, London N19 5NF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.M. Breathnach S.M. Breathnach Department of Medicine (Dermatology), Charing Cross and Westminister Medical School, London W6 8RF, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 121, Issue 5, 1 November 1989, Pages 663–670, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1989.tb08201.x Published: 01 November 1989
Getting personalized cancer genome analysis into the clinic: the challenges in bioinformatics
Authors: Alfonso Valencia, Manuel Hidalgo
Journal: Genome Medicine (2012)

Progress in genomics has raised expectations in many fields, and particularly in personalized cancer research. The new technologies available make it possible to combine information about potential disease markers, altered function and accessible drug targets, which, coupled with pathological and medical information, will help produce more appropriate clinical decisions. The accessibility of such experimental techniques makes it all the more necessary to improve and adapt computational strategies to the new challenges. This review focuses on the critical issues associated with the standard pipeline, which includes: DNA sequencing analysis; analysis of mutations in coding regions; the study of genome rearrangements; extrapolating information on mutations to the functional and signaling level; and predicting the effects of therapies using mouse tumor models. We describe the possibilities, limitations and future challenges of current bioinformatics strategies for each of these issues. Furthermore, we emphasize the need for the collaboration between the bioinformaticians who implement the software and use the data resources, the computational biologists who develop the analytical methods, and the clinicians, the systems' end users and those ultimately responsible for taking medical decisions. Finally, the different steps in cancer genome analysis are illustrated through examples of applications in cancer genome analysis.