tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical and prognostic significance of detection of enteroviral RNA in the myocardium of patients with myocarditis or dilated cardiomyopathy.
Authors: H J Why, B T Meany, P J Richardson, E G Olsen, N E Bowles, L Cunningham, C A Freeke, L C Archard
Journal: Circulation (1994)

Enteroviral RNA sequences have been demonstrated in the myocardium of patients with myocarditis or dilated cardiomyopathy from presentation to end-stage disease. The prognosis of heart muscle disease has not previously been evaluated in relation to the detection of enterovirus in myocardial biopsy tissue.We studied 123 consecutive patients with heart muscle disease prospectively. Multiple endomyocardial biopsy samples taken from all patients during diagnostic cardiac catheterization were classified histologically and were examined for enteroviral RNA by use of an enterovirus group-specific hybridization probe. Three enterovirus-negative patients with cardiac amyloidosis were excluded from subsequent analysis. Enteroviral RNA sequences were detectable in 41 (34%) of the remaining 120 patients (group A), while 79 (66%) had no virus detected (group B). The groups did not differ significantly in age, sex, symptomatic presentation, or hemodynamic characteristics; duration of symptoms was significantly shorter in group A (7.8 +/- 9.6 versus 14.9 +/- 19.0 months, P < .05). At follow-up (mean, 25 months; range, 11 to 50 months), patients from group A had an increased mortality compared with those in group B (25% versus 4%, respectively; P = .02). Mortality was also statistically greater in patients with symptomatic cardiac failure (P = .02), those with elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressures (P = .03), and those in New York Heart Association functional classes III and IV (P = .05). Multivariate regression analysis, however, showed that only the presence of enterovirus RNA and symptomatic heart failure were of independent prognostic value.These data demonstrate that the detection of enterovirus RNA in the myocardium of patients with heart muscle disease at the time of initial investigation is associated with an adverse prognosis and that the presence of enterovirus RNA is an independent predictor of clinical outcome.
Concomitant Carcinoma In Situ Is a Feature of Aggressive Disease in Patients With Organ-Confined TCC at Radical Cystectomy
Authors: Shahrokh F. Shariat, Ganesh S. Palapattu, Pierre I. Karakiewicz, Craig G. Rogers, Amnon Vazina, Patrick J. Bastian, Mark P. Schoenberg, Seth P. Lerner, Arthur I. Sagalowsky, Yair Lotan
Journal: European Urology (2006)
Driving Fitness and Cognitive Impairment
Authors: David W. Eby, Lisa J. Molnar
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Acute Infectious Nonbacterial Gastroenteritis: Etiology and Pathogenesis
Authors: NEIL R. BLACKLOW
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis is a common syndrome of obscure cause. Although widespread epidemiological and clinical data point to an infectious cause, etiologic agents have not been recovered in the laboratory despite extensive efforts. Recent studies, employing volunteers as the experimental host, indicate that the etiologic agent of one outbreak is a small, ether-stable, acid-stable, relatively heat-stable virus present in the stools of patients acutely ill with the disease. Preliminary evidence suggests that the agent will replicate in vitro in a newly devised culture medium, human fetal-intestinal organ culture. Experimental and naturally occurring cases remit spontaneously without sequels, but during the acute illness patients have transient malabsorption of D-xylose, lactose, and fat. The pathogenesis of infectious diarrheas, with respect to known bacterial pathogens and possible viral agents, is discussed.
Essential Role of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 in Development of Restenotic Changes (Neointimal Hyperplasia and Constrictive Remodeling) After Balloon Angioplasty in Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits
Authors: Emiko Mori, Kimihiro Komori, Terutoshi Yamaoka, Mitsugu Tanii, Chu Kataoka, Akira Takeshita, Makoto Usui, Kensuke Egashira, Keizo Sugimachi
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Renarrowing of dilated arterial sites (restenosis) hampers the clinical benefits of coronary angioplasty. Infiltration and activation of monocytes in the arterial wall mediated by monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) might be a major cause of restenosis after angioplasty. However, there is no direct evidence to support a definite role of MCP-1 in the development of restenosis. Methods and Results- We recently devised a new strategy for anti-MCP-1 gene therapy by transfecting an N-terminal deletion mutant of the MCP-1 gene into skeletal muscles. We used this strategy to investigate the role of MCP-1 in the development of restenotic changes after balloon injury in the carotid artery in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Intramuscular transfection of the mutant MCP-1 gene suppressed monocyte infiltration/activation in the injured arterial wall and thus attenuated the development of neointimal hyperplasia and negative remodeling.MCP-1-mediated monocyte infiltration is necessary in the development of restenotic changes to balloon injury in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. This strategy may be a useful and practical form of gene therapy against human restenosis.
Immunomodulation of cancer: potential use of selectively replicating agents
Authors: Siamak Agha-Mohammadi, Michael T. Lotze
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

Cancer immunotherapy relies on the ability of the immune system to identify and destroy tumor cells and to elicit a long-lasting memory of this interaction. Under ordinary circumstances, however, the ability of tumor cells to trigger an effective immune response is limited. The nominal poor immunogenicity of tumor cells results in part from their weak expression of MHC antigens, adhesion molecules, and costimulatory signals that could allow complete T-cell activation. Tumors may also secrete immunosuppressive molecules, such as IL-10, TGF-β, and PGE2, and they often fail to express cytokines that activate local immune responses (1). These evasive strategies can be overcome by introducing immunomodulatory molecules or genes into the tumor milieu. Over the last 2 decades, researchers have sought to identify cytokines and chemokines that induce the maturation, activation, and migration of inflammatory cells and have used these factors to activate the immune system against tumor cells. Most of this work has been conducted in animals, but results have been encouraging enough that several human trials have been initiated.
QUANTITATIVE ALTERATIONS IN THE HYPEREMIA RESPONSES TO LOCAL ISCHEMIA OF THE SMALLEST BLOOD VESSELS OF THE HUMAN SKIN FOLLOWING SYSTEMIC ANOXEMIA, HYPERCAPNIA, ACIDOSIS, AND ALKALOSIS
Authors: Joseph R. DiPalma
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1942)

The responsiveness of the smallest blood vessels of the human skin was measured in systemic anoxemia, hypercapnia, acidosis, and alkalosis. A method was used which measured quantitatively the reactive hyperemia produced by a standardized period of local ischemia of these fine vessels. By timing the clearing period of the threshold hyperemia response a direct indication of blood flow in these fine vessels was obtained. The following conclusions were reached concerning the responses of the smallest blood vessels of the skin. 1. Systemic anoxemia causes a decrease in sensitivity to local ischemia and a slowing of the blood flow. 2. Hypercapnia prevents the changes resulting from anoxemia. 3. These changes in the smallest blood vessels of the skin occur independently of changes in pulse rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate and depth. 4. With systemic acidosis there is a decrease in sensitivity to local ischemia and a slowing of blood flow. The exact opposite takes place in systemic alkalosis. 5. The view is advanced, after due consideration of the facts, that the carbon dioxide concentration of the blood, or something directly associated with it, is the most important factor determining the sensitivity of these vessels, rather than oxygen saturation or changes in blood pH.
Intraindividual Variations of Total and Percent Free Serum Prostatic-Specific Antigen Levels in Patients with Normal Digital Rectal Examination
Authors: J. Morote, C.X. Ravent&oacute;s, J.A. Lorente, G. Enbabo, M. L&oacute;pez, I. de Torres
Journal: European Urology (1999)
Polymorphism in the Helicobacter pylori CagA and VacA toxins and disease
Authors: Dacie R. Bridge, D. Scott Merrell
Journal: Gut Microbes (2013)

Half of the world's population is infected with Helicobacter pylori and approximately 20% of infected individuals develop overt clinical disease such as ulcers and stomach cancer. Paradoxically, despite its classification as a class I carcinogen, H. pylori has been shown to be protective against development of asthma, allergy, and esophageal disease. Given these conflicting roles for H. pylori, researchers are attempting to define the environmental, host, and pathogen interactions that ultimately result in severe disease in some individuals. From the bacterial perspective, the toxins, CagA and VacA, have each been shown to be polymorphic and to contribute to disease in an allele-dependent manner. Based on the notable advances that have recently been made in the CagA field, herein we review recent studies that have begun to shed light on the role of CagA polymorphism in H. pylori disease. Moreover, we discuss the potential interaction of CagA and VacA as a mediator of gastric disease.
Left Atrial Rhythm
Authors: BARRY C. HARRIS, JAMES A. SHAVER, SAMUEL GRAY, FRANK W. KROETZ, JAMES J. LEONARD
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Various criteria have been proposed for the diagnosis of left atrial rhythm (LAR) in previous experimental and electrocardiographic studies. Differentiation from A-V junctional rhythms remains ill-defined. In order to assess the left atrial (LA) P wave and to define LAR, the P wave and loop were studied by direct LA pacing in 11 patients undergoing diagnostic transseptal left heart catheterization. Experimental LAR produced changes in P-wave configuration and polarity. These changes were most obvious in lead V 1 and indicated reversal of the sequence and direction of activation with left atrial preceding right atrial depolarization. A typical "dome and dart" P wave occurred in two studies. P-wave configuration in leads I and V 6 was highly variable; frequent orientation of the LA P vector within the transitional zone of the horizontal electrical axis was thought to be responsible. The LA P loop showed reversal of the direction of inscription of the initial forces, indicating a change in the pattern of atrial depolarization. Stimulation of the appendage produced left-to-right spread of atrial depolarization, whereas activation of the main body was directed primarily anteriorly. Impulse formation in the right side of the posterior wall was usually directed from right to left. When the postero-inferior area was activated, the anterior P vector became directed superiorly, and resembled that of coronary sinus rhythm (CSR) in the frontal plane. This study indicates that the P wave in lead V 1 is most important in the diagnosis of LAR; inversion of the P wave in lead V 6 is not essential. LAR can usually be differentiated from CSR, since in the horizontal plane, activation of the LA main body is more anteriorly directed than the spatial P vector of CSR.
Mycotic Aortic Aneurysm Diagnosed by ln-111 Leukocyte Scintigraphy and Computed Tomography
Authors: JAMES E. SEABOLD, EUGENE F. BINET, ROBERT F. SCHAEFER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

The diagnosis of mycotic aneurysm is often elusive, since the patient frequently has signs and symptoms of sepsis only. A patient with a clinically occult mycotic aneurysm was assessed by the combined use of indium-111 leukocyte scintigraphy and computed tomography. While neither study was diagnostic by itself, the combined information obtained from the two noninvasive modalities facilitated the correct diagnosis preoperatively.
Intravenous Allopurinol Decreases Myocardial Oxygen Consumption and Increases Mechanical Efficiency in Dogs With Pacing-Induced Heart Failure
Authors: Ulf E. G. Ekelund, Robert W. Harrison, Ori Shokek, Rajiv N. Thakkar, Richard S. Tunin, Hideaki Senzaki, David A. Kass, Eduardo Marbán, Joshua M. Hare
Journal: Circulation Research (1999)

Abstract —Allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, increases myofilament calcium responsiveness and blunts calcium cycling in isolated cardiac muscle. We sought to extend these observations to conscious dogs with and without pacing-induced heart failure and tested the prediction that allopurinol would have a positive inotropic effect without increasing energy expenditure, thereby increasing mechanical efficiency. In control dogs (n=10), allopurinol (200 mg IV) caused a small positive inotropic effect; (dP/dt) max increased from 3103±162 to 3373±225 mm Hg/s (+8.3±3.2%; P =0.01), but preload-recruitable stroke work and ventricular elastance did not change. In heart failure (n=5), this effect was larger; (dP/dt) max rose from 1602±190 to 1988±251 mm Hg/s (+24.4±8.7%; P =0.03), preload-recruitable stroke work increased from 55.8±9.1 to 84.9±12.2 mm Hg (+28.1±5.3%; P =0.02), and ventricular elastance rose from 6.0±1.6 to 10.5±2.2 mm Hg/mm ( P =0.03). Allopurinol did not affect myocardial lusitropic properties either in control or heart failure dogs. In heart failure dogs, but not controls, allopurinol decreased myocardial oxygen consumption (–49±4.6%; P =0.002) and substantially increased mechanical efficiency (stroke work/myocardial oxygen consumption; +122±42%; P =0.04). Moreover, xanthine oxidase activity was ≈4-fold increased in failing versus control dog hearts (387±125 versus 78±72 pmol/min · mg –1 ; P =0.04) but was not detectable in plasma. These data indicate that allopurinol possesses unique inotropic properties, increasing myocardial contractility while simultaneously reducing cardiac energy requirements. The resultant boost in myocardial contractile efficiency may prove beneficial in the treatment of congestive heart failure.
Survival and Failure Patterns of High-Grade Gliomas After Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy
Authors: June L. Chan, Susan W. Lee, Benedick A. Fraass, Daniel P. Normolle, Harry S. Greenberg, Larry R. Junck, Stephen S. Gebarski, Howard M. Sandler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: The goal of three-dimensional (3-D) conformal radiation is to increase the dose delivered to tumor while minimizing dose to surrounding normal brain. Previously it has been shown that even escalated doses of 70 to 80 Gy have failure patterns that are predominantly local. This article describes the failure patterns and survival seen with high-grade gliomas given 90 Gy using a 3-D conformal intensity-modulated radiation technique. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From April 1996 to April 1999, 34 patients with supratentorial high-grade gliomas were treated to 90 Gy. For those that recurred, failure patterns were defined in terms of percentage of recurrent tumor located within the high-dose region. Recurrences with more than 95% of their volume within the high-dose region were considered central; those with 80% to 95%, 20% to 80%, and less than 20% were considered in-field, marginal, and distant, respectively. RESULTS: The median age was 55 years, and median follow-up was 11.7 months. At time of analysis, 23 (67.6%) of 34 patients had developed radiographic evidence of recurrence. The patterns of failure were 18 (78%) of 23 central, three (13%) of 23 in-field, two (9%) of 23 marginal, and zero (0%) of 23 distant. The median survival was 11.7 months, with 1-year survival of 47.1% and 2-year survival of 12.9%. No significant treatment toxicities were observed. CONCLUSION: Despite dose escalation to 90 Gy, the predominant failure pattern in high-grade gliomas remains local. This suggests that close margins used in highly conformal treatments do not increase the risk of marginal or distant recurrences. Our results indicate that intensification of local radiotherapy with dose escalation is feasible and deserves further evaluation for high-grade gliomas.
Estimating the human mutation rate using autozygosity in a founder population
Authors: Catarina D Campbell, Jessica X Chong, Maika Malig, Arthur Ko, Beth L Dumont, Lide Han, Laura Vives, Brian J O'Roak, Peter H Sudmant, Jay Shendure, Mark Abney, Carole Ober, Evan E Eichler
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Dystrophic scrotal calcinosis originating from benign eccrine epithelial cysts
Authors: A. Ito, F. Sakamoto, M. Ito
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Dystrophic scrotal calcinosis originating from benign eccrine epithelial cysts Get access A. Ito, A. Ito Department of Dermatology, Niigata University School of Medicine, 1‐Asahimachi‐dori 1, Niigata 951‐8510, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F. Sakamoto, F. Sakamoto Department of Dermatology, Niigata University School of Medicine, 1‐Asahimachi‐dori 1, Niigata 951‐8510, Japan Fumiko Sakamoto. E‐mail: fumiko@med.niigata‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Ito M. Ito Department of Dermatology, Niigata University School of Medicine, 1‐Asahimachi‐dori 1, Niigata 951‐8510, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 1, 1 January 2001, Pages 146–150, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.03965.x Published: 01 January 2001
Wnt signaling receptor LRP6 interacts with amyloid precursor protein and regulates its trafficking and processing
Authors: Chia-Chen Liu, Hyang-Sook Hoe, Guojun Bu
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2012)

The processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) to Ab is an important event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Previous studies suggest that dysregulation of Wnt signaling is involved in the etiology of AD. Genetic variation in the Wnt receptor, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related 6 (LRP6), which is associated with reduced Wnt signaling has been reported as a risk factor for AD. In the present study, we found that LRP6 expression is down-regulated in AD brains. LRP6 and APP colocalized in neurons and interact with one another through their extracellular domains. LRP6 overexpression increases cell surface levels of APP and decreases Ab production, while RNA interference of LRP6 expression increases APP endocytosis and Ab levels. These results demonstrate that LRP6 plays an important role in the regulation of APP trafficking and processing to Ab. Our findings suggest that rescuing LRP6-mediated Wnt signaling might be an attractive therapeutic strategy for AD.
Giant Cellulitis-like Sweet Syndrome, a New Variant of Neutrophilic Dermatosis
Authors: Andre M. Surovy, Nedzmidin Pelivani, Ivan Hegyi, Urs Buettiker, Helmut Beltraminelli, Luca Borradori
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

<h3>Background</h3>Neutrophilic dermatoses comprise a wide spectrum of inflammatory diseases with overlapping features characterized histologically by the presence of an aseptic neutrophilic infiltrate in the epidermis, dermis, and/or hypodermis and are often associated with systemic inflammatory and neoplastic disorders.<h3>Observations</h3>We describe 3 patients with an unusual neutrophilic dermatosis characterized by relapsing episodes of fever, widespread infiltrated plaques with bullous appearance, and variable involvement of the arms, legs, abdomen, and/or trunk. Light microscopy studies showed marked edema of the papillary dermis with an inflammatory infiltrate consisting mainly of mature neutrophils. All 3 patients were morbidly obese, and workup revealed underlying cancer in 2 cases: myeloma and breast carcinoma. Management of the underlying disease resulted in long-term remission of the skin disease.<h3>Conclusions</h3>The clinicopathologic features in our 3 cases best correspond to a widespread giant cellulitis-like form of Sweet syndrome. Knowledge of this newly observed unusual variant of Sweet syndrome within the broad spectrum of neutrophilic diseases is important for its prompt and proper management.
Colonic cell proliferation in two different ethnic groups with contrasting incidence of colon cancer: is there a difference in carcinogenesis?
Authors: A van't Hof, K Gilissen, R J Cohen, L Taylor, Z Haffajee, A L Thornley, I Segal
Journal: Gut (1995)

Most studies on colorectal carcinogenesis suggest a field defect, preceding overt development of cancer. The low incidence of adenomatous polyps in the African population, however, suggests that there may be an alternative route for cancer development. The aim of the study was to discover if the difference in incidence of colorectal cancer in Africans compared with the white population is reflected in a different pattern of cell proliferation. Histological normal mucosa from 30 patients (15 white South African (W), 15 South African Africans (A)) with confirmed colon cancer were examined. Proliferating cells were detected using the Ki-67 antigen. In addition, cell proliferation data were obtained, from 30 age matched controls (15 Africans, 15 white South Africans), without colorectal disease. The African controls were significantly younger (mean (SD) (A: 42 (20), W: 66 (13), p &lt; 0.05)) than the white controls. The second control group had a significantly higher mean (SD) total labelling index (W: 11 (3), A: 6 (4), p &lt; 0.05). In addition the proliferative pattern of the white group without evidence of colorectal cancer showed a comparatively large amount of dividing cells in compartment 2, compared with African controls (mean (SD) (W: 21 (8), A: 9 (8), p &lt; 0.05)). Mucosa from Africans with cancer showed a proliferative pattern with the same increased total labelling index (A: 15 (5), W: 16 (6), p = NS, phase II proliferative lesion) and an even more pronounced upward expansion (phase I proliferative lesion) compared with white cancer patients. This suggests that the mechanism of colorectal carcinogenesis is similar in Africans and the white population. The lack of clinical evidence of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, and the incidence of cancer at a comparatively young age in Africans may be explained by the fact that colorectal cancer in this ethnic group behaves more aggressively and that adenomatous polyps are rapidly converted into overt cancer before detection.