tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gianotti-Crosti syndrome: a study of 26 cases
Authors: A. TAIEB, PATRICE PLANTIN, P.DU PASQUIER, G. GUILLET, J. MALEVILLE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

We have studied 26 patients presenting with a symmetrical papular or papulovesicular acrolocated eruption of more than 10 days duration. Mean age at onset was 2 years (range 10 months to 5.75 years). Lymphadenopathy was noted in eight cases, and hepatomegaly in one case. In 12 cases, histopathology and direct immunofluorescence were non-contributory. Cytolytic hepatitis occurred in one case and was associated with HBs antigenemia. A history of recent immunization was given in two cases. There was serological evidence of recent Epstein-Barr virus infection in seven out of 13 cases tested. Coxsackie B viruses were isolated from three patients, and cytomegalovirus was probably associated with the syndrome in one case. We conclude that the Gianotti-Crosti syndrome is not rare in France, and that non-hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated cases are more frequent than the classical HBV-associated papular acrodermatitis of childhood.
Physiological Differences between the Effects of Neuronally Released and Bloodborne Norepinephrine on Beta Adrenergic Receptors in the Arterial Bed of the Dog
Authors: GERALD GLICK, STEPHEN E. EPSTEIN, ANDREW S. WECHSLER, EUGENE BRAUNWALD, Robert M. Lewis, Richard D. McGill
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

This investigation was designed to define the role of the beta adrenergic receptors in the regulation of peripheral vascular resistance and to determine whether norepinephrine released from nerve terminals acts at the same receptor sites in the arterial bed as injected norepinephrine. In 34 anesthetized dogs the skinned hindlimb was perfused at a constant flow rate, and in 8 dogs a segment of the splanchnic vascular bed was similarly perfused through the aorta. The hemodynamic responses of the isolated perfused beds of control dogs were compared with those of dogs in which the alpha receptors had previously been blocked with phenoxybenzamine, thereby maximizing any contribution of the beta receptors. In the control animals, both carotid sinus hypotension and norepinephrine administered directly into the perfused segment increased vascular resistance. In those animals subjected to alpha-receptor blockade, carotid sinus hypotension still caused reflex vasoconstriction, though it was considerably attenuated, but intra-arterially injected norepinephrine produced vasodilation. Following subsequent beta-receptor blockade, no potentiation of reflex constriction occurred, although the response to injected norepinephrine reverted to constriction. These findings suggest that norepinephrine released from nerve terminals in the arterial tree does not produce physiologically significant beta-receptor stimulation; humorally transported norepinephrine, however, stimulates both alpha and beta receptors.
Diagnosis of sex in preimplantation embryos by fluorescent in situ hybridisation.
Authors: D K Griffin, L J Wilton, A H Handyside, G H Atkinson, R M Winston, J D Delhanty
Journal: BMJ (1993)

The aim of prenatal genetic diagnosis is to give parents the option of terminating affected pregnancies. For most X linked conditions specific diagnosis is not possible and the only option is induced abortion of all male fetuses, of which half would be unaffected. An altemative is offered by preimplantation diagnosis of sex in embryos obtained by in vitro fertilisation and selective transfer of female embryos. The sex of preimplantation embryos has been determined by amplification of a DNA fragment specific to the Y chromosome by the polymerase chain reaction after biopsy of the embryo at the eight cell stage.' Live births of female infants have followed this procedure, testifying to its safety.2 Misdiagnosis is, however, possible because of contamination, failure of amplification, or the sampling of anuclear cytoplasmic fragments.' We report the application of dual colour fluorescent in situ hybridisation for sexing interphase nuclei of three day old human preimplantation embryos.
The fight for good writing
Authors: James Owen Drife
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals have been used to effectively treat cancer arising from and metastasizing to bone in humans and dogs. The rate of complete tumor control is low, and the geographic distribution of available compounds is limited by their half-lives. This experiment was done to evaluate in normal dogs the toxicity of <sup>177</sup>Lu-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetramethylene phosphonate (<sup>177</sup>Lu-DOTMP) used as a potential therapeutic radiopharmaceutical. <b>Methods:</b> Four normal purpose-bred dogs were administered <sup>177</sup>Lu-DOTMP at a dose of 8.14 MBq/kg and monitored for 84 d for evidence of toxicity in the bone marrow and vital organs. <b>Results:</b> No statistically significant alterations in the biochemical profile, white blood cell count, or platelet count were observed in any dog. Very mild decreases in the red cell count were seen on day 84. No microscopic evidence of toxicity was present at necropsy. <b>Conclusion:</b> The dogs receiving <sup>177</sup>Lu-DOTMP tolerated the administration and the effects of the compound without apparent clinical toxicity. The results of this experiment support the further evaluation in tumor-bearing dogs of <sup>177</sup>Lu-DOTMP as a potential therapy for metastatic bone cancer and primary bone tumors in humans and dogs.
Significance and Incidence of Concordance of Drug Efficacy Predictions by Holter Monitoring and Electrophysiological Study in the ESVEM Trial
Authors: Michael J. Reiter, David E. Mann, James E. Reiffel, Elizabeth Hahn, Vernon Hartz
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Selection of antiarrhythmic therapy may be based on either suppression of spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias assessed by Holter monitoring or by suppression of inducible ventricular arrhythmias during electrophysiological study. This study examines the frequency and significance of concordance of these two approaches in the Electrophysiologic Study Versus Electrocardiographic Monitoring (ESVEM) trial. Methods and Results Twenty-four-hour Holter monitoring was performed in patients randomized to the electrophysiology limb of the ESVEM study at the time of the first drug trial and at the time of an effective drug trial. Holter monitors were available in 65% (146/226) of patients at the time of the first drug trial and in 93% (100/108) of patients at the time of an electrophysiology study predicting drug efficacy. There were no clinical differences between patients who had and those who did not have a Holter monitor. At the time of the first drug trial, concordance of Holter and electrophysiological predictions of drug efficacy was observed in 46% of patients (both techniques predicted efficacy in 23%; neither predicted efficacy in 23%). Discordant results were observed in 54% (Holter suppression without electrophysiological suppression in 44%; electrophysiological suppression without Holter suppression in 10%). At the time of an electrophysiology study predicting drug efficacy, 68 of the 100 patients without inducible ventricular tachyarrhythmias also had suppression of spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias on the Holter recorded at the time of the electrophysiological study. Neither arrhythmia recurrence nor mortality was significantly different in patients with suppression of both inducible and spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias compared with those with only suppression of inducible arrhythmias. Comparison of patients with suppression of both inducible and spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias with the 188 patients in the Holter limb, in whom efficacy was predicted by Holter monitoring only, revealed no difference in outcome. Conclusions In this population, (1) there is frequent discordance in prediction of drug efficacy and inefficacy between electrophysiological study and Holter monitoring; (2) a requirement to fulfill both Holter and electrophysiological efficacy criteria reduces the number of patients with an efficacy prediction; and (3) suppression of both spontaneous ventricular ectopy and inducible ventricular tachyarrhythmias does not identify a group with better outcome.
Frequency of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations in Unselected Ashkenazi Jewish Patients With Colorectal Cancer
Authors: T. Kirchhoff, J. M. Satagopan, N. D. Kauff, H. Huang, P. Kolachana, C. Palmer, H. Rapaport, K. Nafa, N. A. Ellis, K. Offit
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2004)

Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 that predispose to breast and ovarian cancer are detected in approximately 2.5% of the Ashkenazi Jewish population. To explore whether carriers of Ashkenazi founder mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 have an increased risk for colorectal cancer, we screened 586 unselected Ashkenazi Jewish case patients with colorectal cancer for the three common founder mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. We identified six carriers (1.02%) among these case patients. After adjusting for age at diagnosis and sex by use of logistic regression analysis, we compared the incidence of carriers in this group of 586 case patients with that of 5012 Ashkenazi Jewish control subjects without a known history of colorectal cancer. The presence of a founder BRCA mutation was not associated with the risk of colorectal cancer (relative risk = 0.50, 95% confidence interval = 0.22 to 1.14). We thus recommend that counseling for colorectal cancer screening and prevention in individuals with BRCA mutations be based on the personal and family history of colorectal cancer or associated syndromic malignancies.
Representation of African-Americans, Hispanics, and Whites in National Cancer Institute Cancer Treatment Trials
Authors: H. A. Tejeda, S. B. Green, E. L. Trimble, L. Ford, J. L. High, R. S. Ungerleider, M. A. Friedman, O. W. Brawley
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1996)

Background:The National Cancer Institute (NCI)-sponsored clinical trials cooperative groups place more than 25 000 American patients in treatment trials every year. Equal access and proportional representation of all races/ethnicities is desired.
Joint haemorrhage in haemophilia: is full advantage taken of plasma therapy?
Authors: A. M. Ali, R. H. Gandy, M. I. Britten, K. M. Dormandy
Journal: BMJ (1967)

The patients and their parents who took part in this investi- gation were already in touch with us through our survey into the educational problems of haemophiliacs.A total of 210 patients under the age of 30 (" boys "), registered at many different hospitals and all suffering haemarthroses, agreed to co-operate.
The clinical identification and quantification of photodamage
Authors: C.E.M. GRIFFITHS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

The distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic ageing can be made on both histological and clinical grounds. Clinical criteria associated with the diagnosis of extrinsic ageing are coarse wrinkles, actinic lentigines, elastotic conditions, purpura, telangiectasia and cutaneous neoplasms. These parameters are always superimposed on changes associated with intrinsic ageing: namely, fine wrinkles and benign growths. There is heightened interest in extrinsic ageing as a result of studies demonstrating the efficacy of topical tretinoin in improving this condition. As a consequence, systems for grading extrinsic ageing have been developed, including a photographic standard scale which removes some of the subjectivity inherent to current methodology.
Triple-Phase Bone Image Abnormalities in Lyme Arthritis
Authors: STEVEN J. BROWN, SIMIN DADPARVAR, WALTER J. SLIZOFSKI, LAURA B. GLAB, MAX BURGER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Arthritis is a frequent manifestation of Lyme disease. Limited triple-phase Tc-99m MDP bone imaging of the wrists and hands with delayed whole-body images was performed in a patient with Lyme arthritis. This demonstrated abnormal joint uptake in the wrists and hands in all three phases, with increased activity seen in other affected joints on delayed whole-body images. These findings are nonspecific and have been previously described in a variety of rheumatologic conditions, but not in Lyme disease. Lyme disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of articular and periarticular bone scan abnormalities.
Effects of inspiratory muscle unloading on the response of respiratory motor output to CO2.
Authors: D Georgopoulos, I Mitrouska, K Webster, Z Bshouty, M Younes
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Inspiratory muscle output is downregulated when the mechanical load is reduced in awake humans. It is not known whether this is related to reduction in PCO2 or to removal of load-related neural responses. To address this issue, we did Read CO2 rebreathing tests in 13 normal subjects with and without unloading and compared respiratory output at identical end-tidal PCO2 (PET(CO2)) levels. Unloading was carried out with proportional assist ventilation (flow assist = 2 cm H2O/L/s plus volume assist = 4 cm H2O/L, representing approximately 50% reduction of the normal resistance and elastance). Ventilatory output (n = 13), total pressure of respiratory muscles (Pmus, n = 8), and transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi, n = 5) were computed at different PET(CO2) levels. Pmus was computed from esophageal pressure (Pes) using the Campbell diagram, and Pdi was measured from the difference between gastric pressure and Pes. Unloading caused an increase in ventilation (VI) and tidal volume (VT) at all PET(CO2) levels with no significant effect on slope (VI/PET(CO2) or VT/PET(CO2)) or respiratory rate. At low PET(CO2) (50 mm Hg), Pdi and Pmus waveforms did not differ with and without unloading. At high PET(C02) (59 mm Hg), peak Pdi and Pmus decreased by only 18.8 +/- 8.3% and 13.8 +/- 9.5%, respectively (NS, p > 0.05). Using a model that allows nonlinearity in the pressure-volume relation and for intrinsic muscle properties (force-length and force-velocity relations), we estimated the expected changes in mean VT and VI when the level of assist used in this study was applied in the absence of any change in neural output response to CO2. The predicted and observed changes in VT and VI were similar. We conclude that when chemical stimuli are rigorously controlled, unloading does not result in downregulation of respiratory muscle activation.
Parents who refuse vitamin K for newborns are also likely to refuse vaccinations, Canadian study finds
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Background and aims</h3> Epidural injections of corticosteroids are commonly used as a nonsurgical treatment for radicular pain. Preprocedure ultrasound neuraxial has been associated with reduced risk of location failure of the epidural space. A handheld ultrasound device (Accuro, Rivanna Medical) recognizes lumbar spine bony landmarks and offering automated real-time identification of interspaces and epidural depth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of epidural depth estimation of an ultrasound device. <h3>Methods</h3> 14 patients with lumbar radiculopathy, but without significant degenerative changes or anatomical abnormalities, were included in our prospective study. After the sonographic location, the device allowed to place a mark where the puncture was performed and provided an estimated distance to the epidural space. A transforaminal approach was performed through loss of resistance technique. Later, a mixture of LA and nonparticulated steroids was injected. <h3>Results</h3> The mean age was 64.21 years (SD 6.39) and BMI was 29.36 (SD 3.52). The mean needle distance was 5.32 ± 0.69 cm (4.0–6.8 cm), the mean estimated depth for divide was 4.07 ± 0.53 cm (3.0–5.2 cm), with a mean difference of -1.25 cm (SD 0.67 cm). All the epidural spaces were located at the point marked; only 5/14 patients needed a minimum redirection of the needle. Time was less than 5 minutes in all patients and the mean was 171.29 sec (SD 43.94). There were no complications. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The use of handheld ultrasound Accuro underestimates the distance skin-epidural space but helps the location of space, quickly and with few movements of the needle.
Fas/CD95 pathway induces mouse liver regeneration and allows for highly efficient retrovirus-mediated gene transfer
Authors: Jacques-Emmanuel Guidotti, Vincent O. Mallet, David Parlier, Claudia Mitchell, Monique Fabre, Patrick Jaffray, Martine Lambert, Axel Kahn, Hélène Gilgenkrantz
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

Stable gene transfer into hepatocytes has been proposed to compensate for genetic deficiencies that affect liver function, or to deliver diffusible factors into the circulation. This strategy can be achieved using retroviral vectors; however, cell division must occur. We describe a simple and reproductive method that enables the induction of hepatocyte replication in a controlled fashion, thus allowing an efficient in vivo retroviral liver transduction that is applicable to mouse models of human genetic disorders. The approach is based on liver susceptibility to apoptosis via the Fas/CD95 pathway. We show that, 4 days following a single Fas agonist antibody (JO2) injection, hepatocyte replication occurs, the intensity of which is correlated with the level of the induced hepatic cytolysis. This treatment enables in vivo liver transduction, and its efficiency also correlates with the level of hepatic cytolysis. When recombinant retroviral vectors were infused intravenously during the period of hepatocyte replication, 15.4% ± 1.7% of the hepatocytes were transduced, reaching up to 32.5%.
College Student Drug Use
Authors: EDWIN S. ROBBINS, LILLIAN ROBBINS, WILLIAM A. FROSCH, MARVIN STERN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

This survey of medicinal and drug use patterns among students at two colleges revealed that the majority of functioning students had not become involved in the use of illicit drugs. Those who were taking illicit drugs at the time of the survey represented 17 percent of the sample, and an additional six percent had used them at some time in the past. Students who used drugs described themselves as being moody and unhappy significantly more often than did nonusers. The authors suggest that the drug users may have responded to these self-ratings in terms of quite different norms from those of their classmates, however.
Richard Bonar McConnell
Authors: T. Bullamore
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Innovative gastroenterologist whose research covered smoking and lung cancer, the genetics of ulcers, and the prevention of Rhesus haemolytic disease 

Richard McConnell, a blameless and hardworking gastroenterologist, had the dubious honour of treating Saddam Hussein for a stomach complaint in the mid-1970s. He thought little more about it until, at the start of the first Gulf war, he was contacted by the Foreign Office anxious to know more details about the Iraqi dictator's anatomy.

The consultation took place in Baghdad in 1975 when McConnell was attending a medical conference with a colleague. While there they were asked if they could spare the time to see a VIP, and were duly whisked away. During the consultation McConnell realised the identity of the patient, who had already achieved a certain notoriety on the world stage.

In later years McConnell recalled that Saddam was just one of many patients he had examined over the years, and there had been no follow …
DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF QUANTITATIVE H215O PET MEASUREMENTS OF HYPEREMIC MYOCARDIAL BLOOD FLOW VERSUS CORONARY FLOW RESERVE FOR THE DETECTION OF OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Ibrahim Danad, Pieter G. Raijmakers, Yolande Appelman, Hendrik Harms, Mark Lubberink, Igor Tulevski, Adriaan A. Lammertsma, Albert van Rossum, Paul Knaapen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
The E-screen assay: a comparison of different MCF7 cell stocks.
Authors: M Villalobos, N Olea, J A Brotons, M F Olea-Serrano, J M Ruiz de Almodovar, V Pedraza
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

MCF7 human breast cancer cells have been studied extensively as a model for hormonal effects on breast cancer cell growth and specific protein synthesis. Because the proliferative effect of natural estrogen is considered the hallmark of estrogen action, it was proposed that this property be used to determine whether a substance is an estrogen. The E-screen assay, developed for this purpose, is based on the ability of MCF7 cells to proliferate in the presence of estrogens. The aim of our study was to characterize the response of four MCF7 cell stocks (BUS, ATCC, BB, and BB104) and determine which of them performed best in the E-screen test. The four stocks assayed were distinguishable by their biological behavior. In the absence of estrogen, MCF7 BUS cells stopped proliferating and accumulated in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle; estrogen receptors increased, progesterone receptors decreased, and small amounts of pS2 protein were secreted. Of all the MCF7 stocks tested, MCF7 BUS cells showed the highest proliferative response to estradiol-17 beta: cell yields increased up to sixfold over those of nontreated cells in a 144-hr period. The differences between estrogen-supplemented and nonsupplemented MCF7 BUS cells were due mostly to G0/G1 proliferative arrest mediated by charcoal dextran-stripped serum. MCF7 BUS cell stocks and others showing a similar proliferative pattern should be chosen for use in the E-screen test, or whenever a proliferative effect of estrogen is to be demonstrated.
Acanthosis Nigricans And Pituitary Tumors
Authors: Helen Ollendorff Curth
Journal: JAMA (1967)

To the Editor:—  Acanthosis Nigricans and Pituitary Tumors ( 198 : 619, 1966) by J. Brown, R. K. Winkelmann, and R. V. Randall discusses a multitude of conditions associated with acanthosis nigricans without classifying them beyond a division into malignant or  types. However, classification into several types is necessary since great differences with regard to prognosis, inheritance, and reversibility exist between acnathosis nigricans in the various associations.  I suggest the following classification:  Type I: Malignant acanthosis nigricans, associated with an internal adenocarcinoma, occurring usually after puberty, usually fatal, and not proved to be genetically determined.  Types II to IV: Not associated with an internal adenocarcinoma and therefore benign in a broad sense of the word.  Type II: True  acanthosis nigricans, present at birth or beginning in childhood or at puberty, resembling ichthyosis hystrix, inherited in an irregularly dominant manner, and not associated with endocrine disease.  Type III: Pseudo- (secondary) acanthosis
Encouraging the nascent cognitive neuroscience of repression
Authors: Michael C. Anderson, Benjamin J. Levy
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Repression has remained controversial for nearly a century on account of the lack of well-controlled evidence validating it. Here we argue that the conceptual and methodological tools now exist for a rigorous scientific examination of repression, and that a nascent cognitive neuroscience of repression is emerging. We review progress in this area and highlight important questions for this field to address.