tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Janus Kinase V617F mutation in cigarette smokers
Authors: Ido Weinberg, Ariel Borohovitz, Svetlana Krichevsky, Riki Perlman, Arie Ben‐Yehuda, Dina Ben‐Yehuda
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

The JAK2 V617F mutation is responsible for the constitutive activation of the erythropoietin receptor signaling pathway in most cases of polycythemia vera (PV). The mutation has also been described in healthy people. As smoking may result in secondary polycythemia, the goal of this trial was to examine the effect of smoking on the prevalence of the JAK2 mutation and its correlation to erythrocytosis. The study was case-control. Hospitalized smokers (n = 81) and nonsmokers (n = 61) were recruited. Serum was drawn for complete blood count, erythropoietin, ferritin and venous blood gases. JAK2 mutation was analyzed by highly sensitive allele-specific Quantitative Real Time PCR. The JAK2 mutation was found in 29/81 (35.8%) of smokers in comparison to only 9/61 (14.8%) of the control group (P = 0.007). The frequency of the mutation among smokers who were positive for the JAK2 mutation had a mean of 6.78 × 10(-4) ± 1.08 × 10(-3) vs. 1.51 × 10(-4) ± 2.04 × 10(-4) among nonsmokers (P = 0.027). Both frequencies are much lower than those found in PV. There was a medium correlation between older age and mutation frequency in nonsmokers (r= 0.67, P = 0.043). Hematocrit was higher in smokers (47.8 ± 6 vs. 41.7 ± 4.7, P < 0.0001), but no correlation was found to JAK2 mutation. In a cohort of hospitalized smokers and nonsmokers, JAK2 mutation was more prevalent and found in higher frequencies among smokers than nonsmokers. We suggest that accelerated erythropoiesis renders the cells susceptible to JAK2 mutation.
Seasonal Changes in Preprandial Glucose, A1C, and Blood Pressure in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Margo C. Honeyman, Shirley Elkassaby, Leonard C. Harrison
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Liang (1) reported seasonal variations in preprandial glucose, A1C, blood pressure, and LDL cholesterol in Taiwanese Chinese type 2 diabetic patients, which correlated inversely with monthly mean temperature, with higher values in the winter and lower values in the summer. We found that mean monthly temperature strongly correlated ( r 2 = 0.76, P = 0.0002) with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] measured …
Identification of Two Subgroups of Familial Early-Onset Duodenal Ulcers
Authors: SHIU KUM LAM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Pentagastrin-stimulated maximal acid output and postprandial integrated gastrin response (Σ gastrin) were measured in 170 consecutive patients with duodenal ulcers. Within both acid normosecretor and hypersecretor groups, patients with positive family history of ulcer dyspepsia had significantly higher mean maximal acid output than did those without such history. In early-onset (symptoms before age 30) but not late-onset (symptoms after age 30) patients, mean Σ gastrin was significantly greater in those with positive than in those with negative family histories, and in normosecretors than in hypersecretors. Among early-onset patients, family-history-positive normosecretors had a significantly positive correlation between maximal acid output and Σ gastrin, whereas family-history-positive hypersecretors had a significantly negative correlation between these variables. Thus, two subgroups of familial ulcers were identified among early-onset patients. A drive mainly on the G cells may be present in the former group, whereas a drive mainly on the parietal cells may be present in the latter.
Early Management of Prostate Cancer: How to Respond to an Elevated PSA?
Authors: Eduardo I. Canto, Kevin M. Slawin
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2002)

▪ Abstract Support for prostate cancer screening efforts is provided by observational studies reporting decreases in prostate cancer–specific mortality in areas where screening is performed with digital rectal exam (DRE) and measurement of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. The combination of PSA and DRE is an excellent cancer-screening tool with sensitivity and positive predictive value superior to that of mammography and breast exam. Use of percent free PSA further improves the specificity of PSA testing, particularly in the range of 4–10 ng/ml, at which most false positive PSA tests occur. Men older than 50 with a &gt;10-year life expectancy should be considered for prostate cancer screening. Those with an abnormal DRE or a PSA above 4 ng/ml should be referred to a urologist for further discussion of the risks and benefits of a prostate biopsy. Furthermore, those with a significant change in either DRE or PSA results, or those at higher risk for prostate cancer with a PSA level above 2.5 ng/ml, should also be referred for evaluation.
Incidence of congenital rubella in Greece
Authors: T. Panagiotopoulos
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—Giannakos et al present data on the rubella epidemic in Greece in 1999.1 They also question the main conclusion of our paper on the 1993 rubella epidemic in Greece that the incidence of the congenital rubella syndrome had increased in 1993 compared with the pre-vaccination period owing to inconsistent immunisation practices.2

Their first (indirect) argument is that their data on the 1999 epidemic “do not show a real increase in the incidence of congenital rubella.” This …
A BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDY OF "COLDS" ON AN ISOLATED TROPICAL ISLAND (ST. JOHN, UNITED STATES VIRGIN ISLANDS, WEST INDIES
Authors: Daniel F. Milam, Wilson G. Smillie
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1931)

Studies in the Virgin Islands, Labrador, and Alabama, suggest that colds are incited by some specific agent with which we are not yet familiar. They suggest also that the secondary and more severe symptoms associated with colds may be due to certain aerobic flora commonly found in the nasopharynx. Types of pneumococci which are virulent (to white mice) and true Pfeiffer's bacilli requiring both V and X substance (and forming indol?) seem to be of particular importance in these secondary infections. The studies indicate that the specific agent which initiates colds is infectious in nature, and spread by direct contact, with an incubation period of 1 to 3 days. There is strong evidence that environmental factors, particularly reduction in atmospheric temperature, have some influence upon the incidence of colds.
Noninfectious Causes of Cellulitis
Authors: Michael Barza
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Letters18 October 2005Noninfectious Causes of CellulitisMichael Barza, MDMichael Barza, MDFrom Tufts University School of Medicine, Dorchester, MA 02124.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-143-8-200510180-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read with interest the article by Falagas and Vergidis (1) on diseases that masquerade as infectious cellulitis. A useful clue that should make the physician question the diagnosis of simple cellulitis is involvement of more than 1 site—for example, a rash affecting both legs. Involvement of widely separated sites should suggest either hematogenous spread of infection or a noninfectious process. The presence of multiple symmetrical lesions suggests an immunologic process. None of these characteristics is absolute, but I've found them helpful when first approaching a patient with “cellulitis.”Reference1. Falagas ME, Vergidis PI. Narrative review: diseases that masquerade as infectious cellulitis. Ann Intern Med. 2005;142:47-55. [PMID: 15630108] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Tufts University School of Medicine, Dorchester, MA 02124.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoNarrative Review: Diseases That Masquerade as Infectious Cellulitis Matthew E. Falagas and Paschalis I. Vergidis Metrics Cited byModal lifespan and disparity at older ages by leading causes of death: a Canada-U.S. comparison 18 October 2005Volume 143, Issue 8Page: 614KeywordsCellulitisConflicts of interestInfectious diseasesLesionsRashes ePublished: 18 October 2005 Issue Published: 18 October 2005 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
EGF Receptor Activates MET through MAPK to Enhance Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Invasion and Brain Metastasis
Authors: Jerrica L. Breindel, Jonathan W. Haskins, Elizabeth P. Cowell, Minghui Zhao, Don X. Nguyen, David F. Stern
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

MET amplification as a mechanism of acquired resistance to EGF receptor (EGFR)-targeted therapies in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) led to investigation of novel combinations of EGFR and MET kinase inhibitors. However, promiscuous interactions between MET and ERBB family members have made it difficult to evaluate the effects of MET on EGFR signaling, both independent of drug treatment and in the context of drug resistance. We addressed this issue by establishing a 32D model cell system wherein ERBBs or MET are expressed alone and in combination. Using this model, we determined that EGFR signaling is sufficient to induce MET phosphorylation, although MET activation is enhanced by coexpression of ERBB3. EGFR-MET cross-talk was not direct, but occurred by a combined regulation of MET levels and intermediary signaling through mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). In NSCLCs harboring either wild-type or mutant EGFR, inhibiting EGFR or MAPK reduced MET activation and protein levels. Furthermore, MET signaling promoted EGFR-driven migration and invasion. Finally, EGFR-MET signaling was enhanced in a highly metastatic EGFR-mutant cell subpopulation, compared with the indolent parental line, and MET attenuation decreased the incidence of brain metastasis. Overall, our results establish that EGFR-MET signaling is critical for aggressive behavior of NSCLCs and rationalize its continued investigation as a therapeutic target for tumors harboring both wild-type and mutant EGFR at early stages of progression.
Towards a global social contract
Authors: Richard Smith
Journal: BMJ (2004)

p 791), 2188 children with non-severe pneumonia received oral amoxicillin for three days or standard care (five days' treatment).Clinical cures and relapses were no different in the two groups.Clinical failure was more likely with non-adherence to treatment at day 5, a respiratory rate of > 10 breaths/minute, and infection with respiratory syncytial virus.As well as being cheaper and as effective, a three day course may decrease antimicrobial resistance, the authors say.
Human cytomegalovirus infection.
Authors: J G Sissons, L K Borysiewicz
Journal: Thorax (1989)

Human cytomegalovirus infectionCytomegalovirus comes to the attention of the res- piratory physician when it causes pneumonitis in immunosuppressed patients.Before we discuss this and other clinical manifestations of cytomegalovirus infection it is worth reviewing pertinent aspects of the molecular virology, and of the biology of cyto- megalovirus in the normal host.As with all microbial agents, this basic information is necessary to the understanding of pathogenesis in molecular terms. Virology and immunologyHerpesviruses are double stranded DNA viruses and cytomegalovirus is the largest (235 kilobases ofDNA).The complete nucleotide sequencing of the virus will soon be achieved (probably the largest contiguous piece of DNA to have been sequenced so far).This will enable the structure of the viral proteins to be predicted from open reading frames in the sequence- some 200 proteins are predicted.As with other herpesviruses, the genes encoding these proteins are expressed in three sequential phases designated immediate early, early, and late.The immediate early and early cytomegalovirus genes code for "non-struc- tural" proteins-that is, they are not components of the virus particle and are detectable only in infected cells.The late gene products are mainly structural proteins of the virus.The mechanisms that regulate cytomegalovirus gene expression are complex, not fully elucidated, and beyond the scope of this review.Control of cytomegalovirus gene transcription depends both on regulatory factors provided by the cell (such as various types of DNA binding proteins, which may be present only in certain cells or at particular stages of the cell cycle) and also on the viral gene products themselves-the products of one class of genes turning on transcription of the next' (figure).The sites where cytomegalovirus persists in normal virus carriers are uncertain, but a small fraction of peripheral blood mononuclear cells has been shown to contain viral DNA by the technique ofin situ hybridisation-of the order of one in 1000-10 000 cells-and these are probably monocytes.2Cytomegalovirus may well persist at other sites but these await discovery.The state of the viral genome during persistence in the normal individual is also unknown.Herpesviruses
Study reports on use of "touch screen" health kiosks
Authors: R. Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Drinking in pregnancy, healthy eating, and rashes are the three health subjects most on the minds of users of the new NHS “touch screen” health kiosks.

The first detailed study of the use of the screens also shows that location is vital, with sites at docks, such as Liverpool and Dover, getting more users a day than screens in hospitals, and supermarkets attracting more users than health centres and pharmacies.

The research, published in Aslib Proceedings (2002:54:372-84), also shows that use varies with type of area.

In the project, funded by the Department of Health, the authors from City University in London have been monitoring the use of the screens, and the study is an examination of a one month snapshot of use of more than 120 kiosks. …
TCT-389 Reproducibility of Intracoronary Frequency-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Quantitative Analysis Using Two Different Software Packages
Authors: Evandro Martins Filho, Daniel Chamié, Danillo T. Silva, Tannas Jatene, Jose d Costa, Dimytri A. Siqueira, Ricardo A. Costa, Andrea Abizaid, Alexandre Abizaid, Amanda Sousa, J. Eduardo Sousa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
SPIB, a novel immunohistochemical marker for human blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasms: characterization of its expression in major hematolymphoid neoplasms
Authors: Santiago Montes-Moreno, Rocio Ramos-Medina, Azahara Martínez-López, Carlos Barrionuevo Cornejo, Alejandro Parra Cubillos, Shirley Quintana-Truyenque, Socorro María Rodriguez Pinilla, Raquel Pajares, Lydia Sanchez-Verde, Jorge Martinez-Torrecuadrada, Giovanna Roncador, Miguel Angel Piris
Journal: Blood (2012)
The Continuing Polemic of Psychosurgery
Authors: Vernon H. Mark
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The letter by Breggin in a recent issue ofThe Journalis inaccurate (226:1121, 1973). It states that Frank Ervin and I attempted to make the case of patient Thomas R., a temporal lobe epileptic with localized cerebral atrophy, rage attacks, and intermittent thought disorders, into a "success story." The implication that we claimed this patient was cured by a brain operation as reported in our book, Violence and the Brain (New York, Harper &amp; Row Publishers, 1970, p 97), is false. The book states only that his rage attacks stopped, and that seizures and thought disorders continued. Breggin implies that the patient's violent rage attacks continued unabated after operation. However, for four years after the patient's 1967 operation, there was no mention of violent attacks in the reports sent to us by the patient's physicians. Furthermore, one doctor, who followed him closely in part
Possible role for calmodulin in insulin release. Studies with trifluoperazine in rat pancreatic islets.
Authors: Y Krausz, C B Wollheim, E Siegel, G W Sharp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

The role of calmodulin in insulin secretion from rat pancreatic islets has been examined by the use of trifluoperazine, an inhibitor of calmodulin-Ca++-directed functions. It was found that 30 microM trifluoperazine caused 50% inhibition, and 100 microM, up to 73% inhibition of 16.7 mM glucose-stimulated insulin release. 100 microM trifluoperazine caused a similar inhibition of 10 mM glyceraldehyde-stimulated release. Therefore, the site of action of trifluoperazine in glucose stimulus-secretion coupling appears to be after the trioses. As trifluoperazine had no effect upon insulin release stimulated by 1 mM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, the inhibitory effect of trifluoperazine appears to be rather specific. Further, the process of exocytosis per se is not affected. It was also found that although trifluoperazine inhibited the effect of glucose to stimulate insulin release, it did not affect the synergism between glucose and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine to potentiate insulin release. It may be concluded that trifluoperazine selectively inhibits one part of the mechanism by which glucose stimulates insulin release. Calmodulin plays a role in the stimulation of insulin release by glucose at a site between metabolism of trioses and elevation of cytosol Ca++, but is not involved in the final process of exocytosis.
Abstract MS02-1: HER2+ breast cancer: Unresolved challenges
Authors: EP Winer
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Dramatic advances have been made in the treatment of HER2+ breast cancer over the past 15 years. As a result of HER2-directed therapy, survival in the both the early stage and metastatic settings has improved substantially. This improvement in survival has been accompanied by decreases in treatment-associated toxicity and improvements in quality of life. In spite of these advances, numerous challenges remain. Metastatic HER2+ disease remains incurable, and the vast majority of women with HER2+ metastatic disease ultimately succumb to their illness. In the setting of early stage disease, there is a need to identify which patients require more treatment than the present standard, which would do equally well with less, and which patients need an entirely different treatment program. Clinical data strongly suggest that HER2+ breast cancer is not a monolithic force. A better understanding of the underlying heterogeneity of HER2+ breast cancer is needed, and this understanding will assist in answering many of the unresolved questions. The most critical clinical challenges include: 1) What approaches can be used to delay and ultimately avoid drug resistance? 2) How can we treat and/or prevent brain metastases? 3) Which patients can be treated with adjuvant regimens that minimize or entirely avoid chemotherapy? 4) What is the optimal treatment for patients with small tumors and negative lymph nodes? 5) What trial designs are needed the vast majority of patients are doing well and recurrence rates are very low, but there is still some room for improvement. If we are going to eliminate mortality from HER2+ breast cancer, creative, collaborative, and multidisciplinary, approaches will be needed. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr MS02-1.
Female Urethral Catheterization
Authors: Rafael Ortega, Linda Ng, Pavan Sekhar, Michael Song
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Female urethral catheterization, the insertion of a catheter through the urethra into the urinary bladder to permit drainage of urine, is a fundamental skill for the practicing health care professional. This video discusses the indications for catheterization, the equipment available, the current methods of catheter insertion and maintenance, potential complications, and how to troubleshoot common problems. Indications Female urethral catheterization is indicated for both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Urinary catheterization is therapeutic in several circumstances. It permits effective bladder drainage in patients with acute or chronic urinary retention. A urinary catheter may be used to instill medication for local . . . .
The protein CD63 is in platelet dense granules, is deficient in a patient with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, and appears identical to granulophysin.
Authors: M Nishibori, B Cham, A McNicol, A Shalev, N Jain, J M Gerrard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The levels and expression of the proteins CD63 and granulophysin in platelets from control and from a Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome subject (a condition characterized by dense granule and lysosomal deficiencies and the accumulation of ceroid-like material in reticuloendothelial cells) were examined. Immunofluorescence studies indicated that anti-CD63 and anti-granulophysin antibodies recognized similar numbers of granules; coapplication of antibodies did not identify more granules than the individual antibodies. Significantly fewer granules were recognized in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome platelets than in control using either antibody. Immunoblotting studies demonstrated that anti-CD63 and anti-granulophysin antibodies apparently recognize the same protein, which was deficient in Hermansky-Pudlak platelets. Analysis by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) showed biphasic expression of CD63 and granulophysin after thrombin stimulation of control but not Hermansky-Pudlak platelets. Anti-CD63 effectively blocked detection of the protein by anti-granulophysin using immunofluorescence, ELISA, immunoblotting, and FACS analysis. Amino-terminal sequencing over the first 37 amino acids revealed that granulophysin was homologous to CD63, melanoma antigen ME491, and pltgp40. These results suggest that granulophysin and CD63 are possibly identical proteins. This is the first report of a protein present in platelet dense granules, lysosomes, and melanocytes, but deficient in a patient with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome.
Primary Care and Health System Reform—Reply
Authors: Darrell G. Kirch
Journal: JAMA (2010)

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Only three dimensions and the mother of invention
Authors: Jeff Foss
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract Although the first three dimensions of evolution outlined by Jablonka &amp; Lamb (J&amp;L) are persuasively presented as aspects of evolutionary science, the fourth dimension, symbolic evolution, is problematic: Though it may in some metaphorical sense be happening, there cannot be a science of symbolic evolution. Symbolic evolution essentially involves meaning, which, besides being nonphysical, resolutely resists scientific categorization.