tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mapping environmental injustices: pitfalls and potential of geographic information systems in assessing environmental health and equity.
Authors: Juliana Maantay
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have been used increasingly to map instances of environmental injustice, the disproportionate exposure of certain populations to environmental hazards. Some of the technical and analytic difficulties of mapping environmental injustice are outlined in this article, along with suggestions for using GIS to better assess and predict environmental health and equity. I examine 13 GIS-based environmental equity studies conducted within the past decade and use a study of noxious land use locations in the Bronx, New York, to illustrate and evaluate the differences in two common methods of determining exposure extent and the characteristics of proximate populations. Unresolved issues in mapping environmental equity and health include lack of comprehensive hazards databases; the inadequacy of current exposure indices; the need to develop realistic methodologies for determining the geographic extent of exposure and the characteristics of the affected populations; and the paucity and insufficiency of health assessment data. GIS have great potential to help us understand the spatial relationship between pollution and health. Refinements in exposure indices; the use of dispersion modeling and advanced proximity analysis; the application of neighborhood-scale analysis; and the consideration of other factors such as zoning and planning policies will enable more conclusive findings. The environmental equity studies reviewed in this article found a disproportionate environmental burden based on race and/or income. It is critical now to demonstrate correspondence between environmental burdens and adverse health impacts--to show the disproportionate effects of pollution rather than just the disproportionate distribution of pollution sources.
CHARACTERIZATION OF TC-99M ECD IN NONHUMAN PRIMATES AS A BRAIN PERFUSION IMAGING AGENT
Authors: R C Walovitch, S J Williams, R A Morgan, M Dorothy, D H O??Leary, S T Garrity, E H Cheesman, A D Watson, T C Hill
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

s of the 20th Annual Meeting of the New England Chapter of the Society of the Nuclear Medicine: PDF Only
Terms of Engraftment: Umbilical Cord Blood Transplants Arouse Enthusiasm
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (1995)

AN EVER-GROWING number of transplants using blood harvested from the placenta and umbilical cord of newborn infants are pointing the way toward a new approach for treating cancer, serious blood disorders, and perhaps a range of other illnesses, from inherited diseases to AIDS. The reason cord blood holds such promise is that it contains the same vital stem and progenitor hematopoietic cells found in bone marrow. These key cells, whether from marrow or cord blood, have the potential to "self-renew," or regenerate themselves, and to differentiate into the entire menagerie of blood cells required by the body. However, there is increasing evidence that cord blood provides some distinct advantages, both logistic and biological, over bone marrow transplants. For example, cord blood can be obtained noninvasively at the time of delivery and stored for months or years, available on demand for later use—either by the donor, if he or she later
AN UNUSUAL ANOMALY OF THE LEFT PULMONARY VEIN
Authors: James Patterson
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Notable anastomoses between pulmonary and systemic venous systems are so rare as to deserve mention. In this subject, dissected in the anatomic laboratory of the University of Chicago, a large vein draining the upper two-thirds of the left lung coursed upward and emptied into the vena anonyma sinistra about 1.5 cm. from its beginning at the junction of the vena jugularis interna with the vena subclavia. About 5 cm. from its mouth this vena pulmonalis aberrans gave off a branch which ran posteriorly over the median surface of the lung and emptied into the vena hemiazygos accessoria. On dissecting out the radicals of this unusual vessel it was found that all the blood returning from the upper lobe and the upper half of the lower lobe of the left lung was short-circuited. A relatively small vein from the lower part of the lung entered the left atrium in the normal way.
Immunoglobulins G, A, and M in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: ROGER M. CASS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Seventeen whites, eight Negroes and one American Indian with systemic lupus erythematosus were examined immunologically and clinically. These patients exhibited a mean elevation of gamma G globulins that was disproportionately high when compared with their gamma A and gamma M levels. The elevations of the gamma G globulins correlated with the degree of anemia and, in the white patients, with the quantity of protein precipitating as euglobulin. Also, in this group proteinuria correlated with degree of elevation of gamma G and euglobulins. When antibodies to gamma G globulins (latex test) were found, it was generally (seven of eight cases) in those with elevated gamma G levels. Those patients with the lowest complement titers generally had more acute disease. The possible significance of the disproportionate elevation of the gamma G globulins as a reflection of a fundamental abnormality in lupus is discussed.
Preliminary results of the EORTC-GPMC controlled clinical trial H7 in early-stage Hodgkin's disease
Authors: E.M. Noordijk, P. Carde, A.-M. Mandard, W.A.M. Mellink, M. Monconduit, H. Eghbali, U. Tirelli, J. Thomas, R. Somers, N. Dupouy, M. Henry-Amar
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1994)
Cross sectional analysis of mortality by country of birth in england and wales, 1970-92
Authors: S. Wild, P. Mckeigue
Journal: BMJ (1997)

To compare mortalities for selected groups of immigrants with the national average.Analysis of mortality for adults aged 20-69 in 1970-2 and 1989-92 using population data from 1971 and 1991 censuses. Mortality of Scottish and Irish immigrants aged 25-74 was also compared with mortality in Scotland and Ireland for 1991.England and Wales.Standardised mortality ratios for deaths from all causes, ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, lung cancer, and breast cancer.In 1989-92 mortality from all causes was higher than the national average for Scottish immigrants, by 32% for men and 36% for women; for Irish immigrants it was higher by 39% for men and 20% for women; and for Caribbean born men it was lower by 23%. Ischaemic heart disease and lung cancer accounted for 30-40% of the excess mortality in Scottish and Irish immigrants. For south Asians, excess mortality from circulatory disease was balanced by lower mortality from cancer. Standardised mortality ratios for cerebrovascular disease in 1989-92 were highest for west African immigrants (271 for men and 181 for women).Widening differences in mortality ratios for migrants compared with the general population were not simply due to socioeconomic inequalities. The low mortality from all causes for Caribbean immigrants could largely be attributed to low mortality from ischaemic heart disease, which is unexplained. The excess mortality from cerebrovascular and hypertensive diseases in migrants from both west Africa and the Caribbean suggests that genetic factors underlie the susceptibility to hypertension in people of black African descent.
Randomised trials useful to find best methods of enhancing clinical practice
Authors: J. C Wyatt, S. Paterson-Brown, N. M Fisk, R. Johanson, D. G Altman, M. Bradburn
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Intranasal corticosteroids in allergic rhinitis Paper did not include all data on adverse effectsEditor-Weiner et al conclude that "results from [their] systematic review, together with data on safety and cost effectiveness, support the use of intranasal corticosteroids over oral antihistamines as first line treatment for allergic rhinitis." 1 They also state that "intranasal corticosteroids are considered safe [and] studies have failed to show significant effects on serum markers of bone metabolism and short term bone growth," referring to two studies, those by Martinati et al and Wolthers et al.They make no reference to two more recent studies, both of a larger number of subjects over longer periods, which established a significant reduction in paediatric bone growth. 2 3The issue of adverse effects was also addressed in a report by the Committee on Safety of Medicines and Medicines Control Agency, which concluded that intranasal corticosteroids can cause "clinically important systemic adverse effects at licensed doses." 4 The United Kingdom datasheet for Beconase aqueous nasal spray (beclomethasone dipropionate) recognises the potential for children to develop growth retardation at licensed doses and the need to refer patients to paediatric specialists while they are being prescribed intranasal corticosteroids (Allen and Hanburys, Sept 1998).I question the omission of such key data from Weiner et al's systematic review; it may well tip the risk:benefit ratio away from the use of intranasal corticosteroids in children and, hence, affect the validity of the review's conclusions.
R-MPV followed by high-dose chemotherapy with TBC and autologous stem-cell transplant for newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma
Authors: Antonio Omuro, Denise D. Correa, Lisa M. DeAngelis, Craig H. Moskowitz, Matthew J. Matasar, Thomas J. Kaley, Igor T. Gavrilovic, Craig Nolan, Elena Pentsova, Christian C. Grommes, Katherine S. Panageas, Raymond E. Baser, Geraldine Faivre, Lauren E. Abrey, Craig S. Sauter
Journal: Blood (2015)
Over-claiming the evidence for telehealth and telecare?
Authors: D. Oliver
Journal: BMJ (2013)

It would seem that the emperor has few clothes.1 Telehealth and telecare have been relentlessly plugged in the Health Service Journal for the past year or so in a succession of features, some accompanied by the sector manufacturing the technology. At no point did the journal have an open, balanced BMJ style head to head debate so that the sceptics could have their say and restore balance to the …
Azathioprine and 6-Mercaptopurine in Crohn Disease
Authors: David C. Pearson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Purpose: To assess the effectiveness of azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine in inducing remission of active Crohn disease and the effectiveness of azathioprine in maintaining remission of quiescent disease. Data Sources: Pertinent studies were selected from the MEDLINE database (1966 to May 1994), abstracts from major gastrointestinal meetings, and references from published articles and reviews. Study Selection: Nine randomized, placebo-controlled trials of azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine therapy were identified: Four addressed active disease, two addressed quiescent disease, and three had multiple therapeutic arms. Data Extraction: Data were extracted by three independent observers on the basis of the intention-to-treat principle and were analyzed with logistic regression. Each study was given a quality score on the basis of predetermined criteria. Data Synthesis: Compared with placebo, azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine therapy had an odds ratio of response of 3.09 (95% CI, 2.45 to 3.91) in patients with active Crohn disease. When the single trial that used 6-mercaptopurine in active disease was excluded from the analysis, the odds ratio of response was 1.45 (CI, 1.12 to 1.87). No trials of quiescent disease used 6-mercaptopurine; the odds ratio of response in these trials of quiescent disease was 2.27 (CI, 1.76 to 2.93). For active disease, continuation of therapy for at least 17 weeks improved response (P = 0.03). For quiescent disease, a higher dose improved response (P = 0.008). Increased cumulative dose improved response in both groups (P < 0.001 for active disease and P = 0.01 for quiescent disease). A steroid-sparing effect was seen in active disease (odds ratio, 3.69 [CI, 2.12 to 6.42] and in quiescent disease (odds ratio, 4.64 [CI, 1.00 to 21.54]). Fistulae improved with therapy (odds ratio, 4.44 [CI, 1.50 to 13.20]). Adverse events requiring withdrawal from a trial, primarily allergy, leukopenia, pancreatitis, and nausea, were increased with therapy (odds ratio, 5.26 [CI, 2.20 to 12.60]). Conclusions: Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine are effective in treating active Crohn disease and in maintaining remission. Cumulative dose was an important factor in predicting response. Adverse effects were more common among patients receiving therapy.
QUANTITATIVE FEATURES OF A SANDWICH RADIOIMMUNOLABELING TECHNIQUE FOR LYMPHOCYTE SURFACE RECEPTORS
Authors: G. J. V. Nossal, N. L. Warner, Heather Lewis, J. Sprent
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1972)

The present study was designed to devise and characterize an indirect or sandwich radioimmunolabeling technique for the study of lymphocyte surface receptors of immunoglobulin nature. Mouse lymphocytes from various sources were treated by the method of Shortman et al. to remove debris and damaged cells. This was an important preliminary step, as without it, little meaning could be attached to bulk scintillation counting of labeled cell suspensions, in view of the marked tendency of dead or damaged cells to adsorb protein nonspecifically. Next, cells were reacted at 0 degrees C for 30 min with graded dilutions of unlabeled rabbit antisera against defined mouse Ig chains. After washing, the cells were reacted with a sheep anti-rabbit globulin reagent labeled with (125)I, again at graded concentrations. After further washing, lymphocyte labeling was quantitated by both bulk scintillation counting and radioautography. Conditions were defined in which nonthymus-derived cells (B cells) but not thymus-derived cells (T cells) could be labeled. Most B cells displayed kappa- and micro-chains on their surface, but some also displayed alpha- and gamma(2)-chains, though in smaller amounts. When the concentration of both the first and the second reagents were raised considerably, conditions were defined under which virtually all T cells could be labeled by polyvalent antiglobulin sera, anti-kappa sera, or, with more difficulty, by anti-micro sera. A large series of control experiments confirmed the serologic specificity of this labeling. It was shown that under equivalent conditions, B cells bind 100-400 times more antiglobulin than do T cells. The theoretical implications of the results are briefly discussed. It is argued that the sandwich approach offers certain technical advantages over direct labeling procedures for further analyses of T cell receptors and for studies of receptor metabolism.
Task Force: Nontraditional Markers Add Little to Heart Risk Assessment
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2009)

much safer way.” If the bills pending in Congress are passed, the AHRQ could become more directly involved in simulation research. The current legislative language calls for the agency’s director to award additional grants as well as establish medical simulation centers of excellence. “The level of interest in simulation is very high in the agency,” says Kerm Henriksen, PhD, a human factors advisor in the AHRQ’s Center for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety. The bills ask for $50 million in fiscal year 2010 and unspecified amounts annually through 2014. “It’s a drop in the bucket,” says Gaba, noting that these are authorization bills; appropriations bills for funding have not been written.
Gap junction development in the human fetal hair follicle and bulge region
Authors: K. Arita, M. Akiyama, Y. Tsuji, J.R. Mcmillan, R.A.J. Eady, H. Shimizu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Gap junctions, composed of connexin (Cx) subunits, are channels that allow intercellular communication between adjacent cells and are thought to play a key role in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. The Cx expression pattern and formation of gap junctions in human fetal hair follicles has yet to be clarified, including the prominent follicular bulge region that is believed to be a site rich in stem cells.To study the expression of two major Cxs, Cx26 and Cx43, in developing hair follicles in skin samples from a series of human fetuses of estimated gestational age (EGA) 88-163 days, and to determine quantitatively the presence of gap junctions.We used immunofluorescence labelling to investigate the sequential expression pattern of Cx26 and Cx43 in developing human hair follicles. Gap junction formation was observed by electron microscopy and the numbers of gap junctions were analysed quantitatively. Results Both Cx26 and Cx43 expression were observed at 88 days' EGA in the inner part of the hair peg. At 135 days' EGA, Cx26 was expressed in the outer root sheath (ORS) and the inner root sheath (IRS), while Cx43 was expressed chiefly in the IRS, hair matrix and sebaceous glands. At 163 days' EGA, Cx26 expression was most intense in the outermost layer of the ORS, in contrast to Cx43 expression which was in the inner part of the ORS. In the bulge region, only Cx43 was expressed in a subset of cells in the bulge. Ultrastructurally, gap junctions were observed at 102 days' EGA in the hair peg, and the number of gap junctions increased as the hair follicle matured. Gap junctions were also observed between the bulge cells in considerable numbers.The changing expression patterns of Cx26 and Cx43 and the increasing gap junction numbers suggest a close association of Cx expression and gap junction formation with hair follicle morphogenesis. In addition, the present ultrastructural observations demonstrate that considerable numbers of the bulge cells, a putative site rich in hair follicle stem cells, form gap junctions during human hair follicle development.
Metyrapone in long-term management of Cushing's disease.
Authors: W J Jeffcoate, L H Rees, S Tomlin, A E Jones, C R Edwards, G M Besser
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Metyrapone was used in the long-term management of 13 patients with pituitary-dependent bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (Cushing9s disease). The total length of treatment ranged from two to 66 months, with a mean of 21 months. The clinical features of the disease rapidly improved on metyrapone and this improvement was maintained. Although plasma ACTH concentrations rose in all patients, the increase was insufficient to overcome the adrenal blockade induced by the drug. Eight of the 13 patients had additional external pituitary irradiation as definitive treatment of their disease and one underwent a transfrontal hypophysectomy. Radiotherapy cured one patient, and after three years metyrapone was withdrawn. Slight hirsuties was noted in four of the seven women who received the drug for six months or more. A fifth woman had more severe hirsuties and this led to bilateral adrenalectomy. Other than hirsuties, side effects were few and the routine use of metyrapone is recommended as an adjunct to more definitive treatment in all patients who present with Cushing9s syndrome, irrespective of aetiology.
A Mutual Investment Company
Authors: Cheryl Morai-Young
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
POST-EXERCISE LEVELS OF BIOMARKERS OF CARDIOMYOCYTE STRESS IMPROVE PREDICTION OF ADVERSE OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED HEART FAILURE
Authors: Petr Jarolim, Michael J. Conrad, David Morrow, John Rozehnal, Martin Kotrc, Josef Kautzner, Vojtech Melenovsky
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Role of polyamines in hypertension induced by angiotensin II
Authors: J. Ibrahim, M. Schachter, A. D Hughes, P. S Sever
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Journal Article Role of polyamines in hypertension induced by angiotensin II Get access Jamila Ibrahim, Jamila Ibrahim * Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom *Correspondence to Dr Ibrahim. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael Schachter, Michael Schachter Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alun D Hughes, Alun D Hughes Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Peter S Sever Peter S Sever Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 29, Issue 1, January 1995, Pages 50–56, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6363(96)88546-4 Published: 01 January 1995 Article history Received: 23 May 1994 Accepted: 19 September 1994 Published: 01 January 1995
The gall stone debate. ...or investigate the epidemiology?
Authors: T Jorgensen
Journal: BMJ (1993)

We have examined the drug consumption of a random sample of 20 patients suffering from chronic pain of diverse causes who were admitted to a pain management programme this year.The mean age of the patients was 47 1 years, and they had had pain for a mean of 9-6 years.The average cost per person of prescription drugs related to their pain (including analgesics, psychotropic drugs, antidepressants, and muscle relaxants) on entry to the programme was £5.32 a week.After four weeks' cognitive behavioural treatment, during which the patients were encouraged to reduce and stop all classes of drugs, 11 of the patients had stopped all their drugs and the average cost per person among the remainder was £1.57 a week.This represents a mean saving across the group of £4.61 per person per week, or £240 a year.This is concomitant with considerable improvements in functional, psychological, and quality of life measures.Our long term follow up data on a much larger group of patients suggest that on discharge 58% have been able to come off all drugs and that this has increased to 65% at one month of follow up.2By six months the figure has fallen to 50%.This suggests that patients do not return to using drugs in the longer term.Given that it has been estimated that 1 1% of the population suffer from chronic pain and that 70% of these take painkilling drugs,' the savings across Britain could be substantial.Patients with chronic pain represent a substantial proportion of most general practitioners' workload.Medicines are often prescribed for want of more effective treatment, but these are continued long term, often with the dose being increased and side effects developing.We suggest that long term use of all classes of drugs in chronic benign pain should be questioned by frequent analysis of the benefit to individual patients.Behavioural approaches show that worthwhile functional improvement can be achieved without the use of drugs.