tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Implication of Bcl-2 family genes in basal and d-amphetamine–induced apoptosis in preneoplastic and neoplastic rat liver lesions
Authors: Maria R. De Miglio, Maria R. Muroni, Maria M. Simile, Diego F. Calvisi, Paola Tolu, Luca Deiana, Angelo Carru, Gabriella Bonelli, Francesco Feo, Rosa M. Pascale
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Molecular mechanisms of basal and D-amphetamine (AMPH)-induced apoptosis were studied in rat liver nodules, 12 (N12) and 30 (N30) weeks after initiation, and in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) induced by diethylnitrosamine in rats subjected to resistant hepatocyte model. Basal apoptosis in hematoxylin/eosin- and propidium iodide-stained sections was higher in nodules and HCC than in normal livers. It sharply increased in all tissues 4 hours after AMPH treatment (10 mg/kg), and declined to basal levels at 8 to 12 hours in liver and N12, but remained high up to 18 hours in N30 and HCC. c -myc , Tgf-α , p53 , and Bcl-XS messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were higher, and Bcl-2 mRNA was lower in N12 and/or N30 and HCC than in normal liver. Four hours after AMPH injection, increase in c- myc and decreases in Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL mRNAs occurred in all tissues, whereas p53, Bax , and Bcl-XS mRNAs increased in N30 and HCC. These changes disappeared in liver and N12 at 18 hours, but persisted in N30 and HCC. c-Myc, P53, Bcl-2, and Bax proteins in normal liver and HCC ± AMPH showed similar patterns. Tgf-β1 , Tgf-β-RIII , CD95, and CD95L mRNA levels underwent slight or no changes in any tissue ± AMPH. Basal Hsp27 expression was high in nodules and HCC, and was stimulated by AMPH in liver and N12, but not in N30 and HCC. These data suggest a role of dysregulation of Bcl-2 family genes and, at least in atypical lesions, of p53 overexpression, in basal and AMPH-induced apoptosis in nodules and HCCs. Hsp27 does not appear to sufficiently protect atypical lesions against apoptosis.
Human Gastrointestinal Development
Authors: Steven L. Werlin
Journal: JAMA (1990)

This book is a collection of monographs written by leaders in the field of gastrointestinal development. Each chapter reviews a different area, thus presenting a comprehensive overview of the ontogeny of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and liver. Most chapters are well written, upto-date, and meet the goals of the volume. Lebenthal's introductory chapter reviewing the concepts of gastrointestinal development, an update of a previous review by the editor, is of particular interest. Other particularly well-written chapters include the reviews of pancreatic development by Lee, hormone receptors by Morisset, and growth-promoting factors by Menard. While this book will be of interest to those involved in the study of gastrointestinal development, no new material is presented. This is not a book to read through so much as an important reference volume, providing so much valuable material in one location. This book will find a home in medical school libraries and in those
In vivo efficacy of a silicone‒cationic steroid antimicrobial coating to prevent implant-related infection
Authors: Dustin L. Williams, Bryan S. Haymond, James P. Beck, Paul B. Savage, Vinod Chaudhary, Richard T. Epperson, Brooke Kawaguchi, Roy D. Bloebaum
Journal: Biomaterials (2012)
THE EFFECT OF SPLANCHNIC NERVE RESECTION AND SYMPATHETIC GANGLIONECTOMY IN A CASE OF PAROXYSMAL HEMOGLOBINURIA
Authors: A. Carlton Ernstene, W. James Gardner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1935)

Several observers have directed attention to the frequent occurrence of vasomotor disturb- ances in patients with paroxysmal hemoglobinuria, and a few (1, 2,3,4,5) have suggested that these disturbances are of importance in the pathogenesis of the disease.The purpose of this com- munication is to present observations on a pa- tient with paroxysmal hemoglobinuria which dem- onstrate that the sympathetic nervous system played a significant, although not the primary, r6le in the production of the attacks. REPORT OF A CASEHistory.The patient, a white man 38 years of age, a painter, was first seen on December 4, 1933.The past medical and family histories were irrelevant.There was no history of syphilitic infection or of antiluetic treat- ment.The patient had lived in Ohio (temperate climate) for 26 years, and his occupation had not entailed more than moderate exposure to cold weather.For three years before coming to the Clinic, the pa- tient had experienced frequent attacks of burning pain in the epigastrium and left upper abdominal quadrant.In November, 1932, he first noticed that exposure to cold weather caused numbness and burning pain in the fingers and toes and that the fingers at the same time became cyanotic.The ears and nose also became cyanotic but were not painful.It was observed also that exposure to cold sufficient to cause these changes was followed in- variably by the passage of dark red, reddish-brown or almost black urine during the succeeding two to four hours.Hemoglobinuria had never been preceded or ac-
Behavioral health admissions in Massachusetts show no rise despite new coverage for young people
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A study looking at the effect of healthcare reform in Massachusetts has found that hospital admissions for behavioral health disorders fell rather than increased after the implementation of changes in 2006,1 despite measures that increased insurance coverage for young adults.

Young adults have the highest rates of uninsurance and also the highest rates of hospital admissions for behavioral health disorders, prompting concern that greater insurance coverage for this group would lead to a sharp increase in treatment costs for behavioral health problems.

But the findings showed that provisions in the Affordable Care Act, which require plans offered on the new health insurance exchanges to cover mental health and …
DIAGNOSIS OF PITUITARY DISEASE
Authors: E. B. Fink
Journal: JAMA (1926)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, January 2, page 31, Dr. Sigurd W. Johnsen reports a case of pituitary disease in a boy, aged 4. This is apparently not a case of pituitary disease, but a classical example of "pubertas praecox," a condition associated most commonly with pinealomas, as discussed in a recent paper by Horrax and Bailey (<i>Arch. Neurol. &amp; Psychiat.</i>13:423 [April] 1925). The literature on the pituitary body is already overburdened with a mass of conflicting opinions and theories of clinicians, experimental physiologists and pathologists. In the case referred to the only evidence of pituitary disease is a roentgenogram of an enlarged sella. This may be produced by a cerebral tumor or internal hydrocephalus, as well as a pituitary neoplasm. [The letter of Dr. Fink was referred to Dr. Johnsen, who replies:]
Alliance Between Society and Medicine
Authors: Jordan J Cohen, Sylvia Cruess, Christopher Davidson
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Metabolic Control and Adherence to American Diabetes Association Practice Guidelines in a Pharmacist-Managed Diabetes Clinic
Authors: Sandra N. Nowak, Renu Singh, Anthony Clarke, Everett Campbell, Linda A. Jaber
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

The provision of diabetes care has shifted from the specialist to the generalist in primary care practice. Evidence suggests utilization of nonphysician providers in conjunction with physician-directed protocols improves glycemic control (1). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a pharmacist-managed diabetes clinic (PMC) on glycemic control and adherence to American Diabetes Association (ADA) standards of medical care in a collaborative physician-pharmacist practice. This was a retrospective analysis comparing patients referred to the PMC for diabetes management with a randomly selected group of patients with diabetes, managed exclusively by their primary care physicians. Only patients with a minimum of 3 months of laboratory data and two visits to the pharmacist or physicians were included.

Pharmacist-managed clinic patients (16 …
Calcium Nephrolithiasis and Cellulose Phosphate
Authors: Hibbard E. Williams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

Renal stones is not one of the "in" topics of medical research. Historical importance it has aplenty, but glamour and excitement none. Research in the stone field has been ploddingly slow and carried out in relatively few laboratories. Nevertheless, genuine, valuable accor plishments have been made in the past decade leading to better understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms and rational therapy of stone disease. Witness the increased knowledge of factors affecting calcium excretion, the careful descriptions of cystinuria and the hyperoxaluric states, the successful treatment of uric acid stones with allopurinol and alkali, and the reduction of calcium stone formation with . . .
Glycine Prevents Apoptosis of Rat Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells Caused by Deprivation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
Authors: Yan-jun Zhang, Kenichi Ikejima, Hajime Honda, Tsuneo Kitamura, Yoshiyuki Takei, Nobuhiro Sato
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Apoptosis of sinusoidal endothelial cells (SECs) is one of the initial events in the development of ischemia-reperfusion injury of the liver. Glycine has been shown to diminish ischemia-reperfusion injury in the liver and improve graft survival in the rat liver transplantation model. Here, we investigated the effect of glycine on apoptosis of primary cultured rat SECs induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) deprivation. Isolated rat SECs were cultured in EBM-2 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and growth factors including 20 ng/mL VEGF for 3 days. SECs at 3 days of culture showed spindle-like shapes; however, cells started shrinking and detaching from dishes by VEGF deprivation. Apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated d-uridine triphosphate (dUTP)-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining in these conditions. Control SECs contained only a few percent of TUNEL-positive cells; however, they started increasing 4 hours after VEGF deprivation, and the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells reached about 50% at 8 hours and almost 100% at 16 hours after VEGF deprivation. Interestingly, this increase in TUNEL-positive cells after VEGF deprivation was prevented significantly when glycine (1-10 mmol/L) was added to the medium, the levels being around 60% of VEGF deprivation without glycine. Furthermore, strychnine (1 micromol/L), a glycine receptor antagonist, inhibited this effect of glycine, suggesting the possible involvement of the glycine receptor/chloride channel in the mechanism. Moreover, Bcl-2 protein levels in SECs were decreased 8 hours after VEGF deprivation, which was prevented almost completely by glycine. It is concluded that glycine prevents apoptosis of primary cultured SECs under VEGF deprivation.
Human nuclear factor κB essential modulator mutation can result in immunodeficiency without ectodermal dysplasia
Authors: Jordan S. Orange, Ofer Levy, Scott R. Brodeur, Konrad Krzewski, Rene M. Roy, Julie E. Niemela, Thomas A. Fleisher, Francisco A. Bonilla, Raif S. Geha
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
AMPK Is a Negative Regulator of the Warburg Effect and Suppresses Tumor Growth In Vivo
Authors: Brandon Faubert, Gino Boily, Said Izreig, Takla Griss, Bozena Samborska, Zhifeng Dong, Fanny Dupuy, Christopher Chambers, Benjamin J. Fuerth, Benoit Viollet, Orval A. Mamer, Daina Avizonis, Ralph J. DeBerardinis, Peter M. Siegel, Russell G. Jones
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2012)

AMPK is a metabolic sensor that helps maintain cellular energy homeostasis. Despite evidence linking AMPK with tumor suppressor functions, the role of AMPK in tumorigenesis and tumor metabolism is unknown. Here we show that AMPK negatively regulates aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect) in cancer cells and suppresses tumor growth in vivo. Genetic ablation of the α1 catalytic subunit of AMPK accelerates Myc-induced lymphomagenesis. Inactivation of AMPKα in both transformed and nontransformed cells promotes a metabolic shift to aerobic glycolysis, increased allocation of glucose carbon into lipids, and biomass accumulation. These metabolic effects require normoxic stabilization of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), as silencing HIF-1α reverses the shift to aerobic glycolysis and the biosynthetic and proliferative advantages conferred by reduced AMPKα signaling. Together our findings suggest that AMPK activity opposes tumor development and that its loss fosters tumor progression in part by regulating cellular metabolic pathways that support cell growth and proliferation.
Role of cell surface contact in the kinetics of superoxide production by granulocytes.
Authors: C A Dahinden, J Fehr, T E Hugli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

The complement-derived anaphylatoxin C5a and a putative analogue of bacterial chemotactic factor (N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanyl [fMLP]), as well as bacterial lipid A, all stimulate human granulocyte (PMN) adhesiveness and superoxide (O-2) production in a concentration-dependent manner. Since attachment of particulate matter to the PMN membrane is an early event in the triggering of respiratory burst of these cells, we further examined how adherence might modulate the release of O-2 induced by soluble mediators of inflammation. We found that both the quantity and kinetics of O-2 production depend on prior attachment of the cells to a surface. In stirred suspensions of PMN, fMLP induces only a short burst (2.5 min) of O-2 release associated with reversible PMN aggregation. The magnitude, but not the time course, of both these responses depend on the fMLP concentration. Unlike the short respiratory response of cells in suspension, PMN allowed to settle onto stationary petri dishes, then overlaid with fMLP, rapidly spread and attach to the surface where they remain and release O-2 throughout the 60-min test period. Prolonged O-2 release also follows fMLP stimulation in suspensions of PMN pretreated with cytochalasin B, in which case aggregation becomes irreversible during the 20-min burst. If fMLP is slowly infused into a suspension of cells at 37 degrees C or if PMN are challenged at 0 degrees C, and then warmed to 37 degrees C, O-2 release greatly decreases or becomes undetectable. Suspended PMN do not respond to a second challenge by the same stimulus regardless of the rate or temperature at which the first stimulus was added, a phenomenon formerly described as desensitization. However, if PMN challenged with fMLP in suspension undergo the short respiratory response and then are later placed in petri dishes, they adhere and resume production of O-2 without further stimulation. Chemotactic factor-induced adherence and O-2 release of PMN on a surface is entirely independent of either the mode of activation or prior O-2 release during preincubation in suspension. Human C5a also promotes PMN adherence and prolonged O-2 release in petri dishes. Furthermore, lipid A increases O-2 release and adherence of settled PMN, but fails to elicit either response from suspended PMN. These results indicate that cell surface contact plays an essential role in triggering the respiratory burst of PMN activated by soluble stimuli. This long-lasting O-2 release by chemotactic factor-stimulated PMN may play a significant role in inflammatory reactions when PMN become adherent in vivo.
Thoracic, Abdominal, and Peripheral Trauma
Authors: Helen C. Redman
Journal: JAMA (1977)

PROMPT evaluation of the condition of patients who have suffered penetrating or blunt trauma is important in reducing morbidity and mortality. During the past few years, many diagnostic tests have been developed to aid the clinician, and use of the appropriate ones is important in facilitating proper patient management. Angiography has a specific role in some injuries but should be held in reserve in others. Both the type of trauma and the severity of the injury are important in deciding when to use angiography. <h3>Penetrating Trauma</h3> Most patients who have had a penetrating injury to the thorax or abdomen with a high- or low-velocity missile will need surgical exploration, and generally there is no need for angiography. Occasionally, when there have been multiple injuries, angiography may be used to decide which injuries should be approached first. For example, a patient had been shot through the right forearm and back at
A Short Textbook of Medical Statistics
Authors: Rudolph H. de Jong
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Hill's classic<i>Medical Statistics</i>, first published in 1937, now is in its tenth edition. The revised text includes nonparametric tests for paired and unpaired observations; the section on regression has been augmented, the table of random numbers updated, and ethical guides to human research added. The essentials of recognizing extraneous factors that may influence the outcome, yet are outside the statistician's control, are brought home effectively and lend great strength to this book. Retained are the recurring themes that have made it a living classic: sound experimental planning, considered population sampling, and cautions against observer bias. Reminders that statistical significance does not necessarily confer biologic significance are one more reason for the continued popularity of Sir Austin's text. The well-printed, low-cost softback edition is best read as a whole rather than as a reference. Since worked samples deal thoroughly with epidemiologic problems, the book will appeal especially to workers in
Effect of commonly prescribed drugs on incidence of gout
Authors: P. A. Andrews
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Roddy and colleagues’ summary of the current management of acute and chronic gout is useful,1 but it omitted to mention the effect that commonly prescribed drugs can have on the incidence of hyperuricaemia and gout.

Most patients with gout have cardiovascular comorbidity and will have been prescribed drugs to manage hypertension. Calcium …
Abstract C54: Pdgfrb is an essential mediator of p53(mut)-driven metastasis in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Susann Weissmueller, Michael Saborowski, Eusebio Manchado, Vishal Thapar, Scott W. Lowe
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal types of cancer due to its high metastatic potential and resistance to existing treatments. Recent advances in cancer genomics have identified mutations and copy number changes that are linked to pancreatic cancer but which of these influence metastatic behavior remain poorly understood. 50-80% of PDACs carry a mutation in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene (p53(mut)), which possibly results in a gain-of-function that contributes to, amongst others, tumor cell invasiveness. Therefore the aim of this study was to explore the underlying molecular pathways of invasive PDAC that are mediated by TP53(mut). To this end, we combined cell lines, murine models, and RNA interference to confirm that p53(mut)-expressing tumors acquire a higher invasive capability, which is dependent on the continued expression of the mutant allele. In-depth transcriptional profiling of p53(mut) versus knockdown cells identified downstream mediators responsible for the gain-of-function phenotype. Specifically, we conducted a follow-up invasion screen to analyse the top 40 deregulated genes for their potential to induce invasiveness and we identified Platelet-derived growth factor receptors isoform b (Pdgfrb) as a p53(mut) downstream mediator. Moreover, we found that the expression of Pdgfrb is transcriptionally regulated by p73. In the presence of p53(mut) proteins, a direct p73-p53(mut) interaction alleviates the inhibitory effect that p73 exerts on the Pdgfrb promoter, thereby inducing Pdgfrb expression and, hence, invasiveness. Attenuating Pdgfrb levels by RNAi or a small molecule inhibitor reduced cellular invasion in a p53(mut) background, thereby mimicking the effects of p53-null cells. We confirmed these findings in several human pancreatic cancer cells. More importantly, we found that elevated Pdgfrb expression in human colorectal and ovarian cancers predicts poor metastasis-free survival, thereby confirming our hypothesis that high Pdgfrb levels drive metastases development. Citation Format: Susann Weissmueller, Michael Saborowski, Eusebio Manchado, Vishal Thapar, Scott W. Lowe. Pdgfrb is an essential mediator of p53(mut)-driven metastasis in pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr C54.
More "responsible" science reporting is needed, Leveson inquiry hears
Authors: H. Mooney
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The media must ensure that they report science and scientific studies much more carefully and understand their “huge responsibility” to do so, the Science Media Centre has said in its evidence to the Leveson inquiry into the ethics of the press.

The centre, an independent press office for science, has warned that “the public are ill served by a media that emphasises the most alarming figures when the scientists are saying that these are the least likely scenario.”

It said that the public still got most of its information about science from the mass media, including daily newspapers, and that “the potential of the media to influence and inform the public on science” …
A piece of my mind. Theo's story
Authors: M. T. Kovalchik
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal