tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
METHOD FOR STAINING THE DIPHTHERIA BACILLUS
Authors: Foster A. Beck
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The examination of a large number of smears taken from throat cultures for the diphtheria bacillus, led me to devise a method of staining that has given me excellent results. It is as follows: The water should be heated to boiling, then the Bismarck brown should be added, and the mixture boiled for one or two minutes and filtered cool. The smear should be spread thin and even on the slide, dried in the air and then passed several times through the flame of an alcohol lamp or a Bunsen burner to fix. The specimen should be stained for thirty seconds with Stain 1, the excess stain washed off with water, and without the specimen's being dried Stain 2 should be added for ten or fifteen seconds, and the specimen washed in running water, dried and examined with oil immersion. The bacillus, when present, stains as follows: The body of
Evidence for the role of environmental agents in the initiation or progression of autoimmune conditions.
Authors: J J Powell, J Van de Water, M E Gershwin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

The concordance of autoimmune disease among identical twins is virtually always less than 50% and often in the 25-40% range. This observation, as well as epidemic clustering of some autoimmune diseases following xenobiotic exposure, reinforces the thesis that autoimmune disease is secondary to both genetic and environmental factors. Because nonliving agents do not have genomes, disease characteristics involving nonliving xenobiotics are primarily secondary to host phenotype and function. In addition, because of individual genetic susceptibilities based not only on major histocompatibility complex differences but also on differences in toxin metabolism, lifestyles, and exposure rates, individuals will react differently to the same chemicals. With these comments in mind it is important to note that there have been associations of a number of xenobiotics with human autoimmune disease, including mercury, iodine, vinyl chloride, canavanine, organic solvents, silica, l-tryptophan, particulates, ultraviolet radiation, and ozone. In addition, there is discussion in the literature that raises the possibility that xenobiotics may also exacerbate an existing autoimmune disease. In this article we discuss these issues and, in particular, the evidence for the role of environmental agents in the initiation or progression of autoimmune conditions. With the worldwide deterioration of the environment, this is a particularly important subject for human health.
All NHS bodies should offer three cycles of IVF, says NICE
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has called for an end to the current variability in infertility treatment, saying that three full cycles of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) should be offered to all women aged under 40 who have failed to become pregnant after two years of trying.

The draft quality standard also recommends that women aged between 40 and 42 should receive one full cycle if they have never previously had IVF treatment, tests show that their ovaries would …
944. Silencing of Endogenous Human á-Synuclein by a Lentiviral Vector Expressing Short Hairpin RNA
Authors: Mohan K. Sapru, Jonathan W. Yates, Martha C. Bohn
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Synucleinopathies are a group of neurodegenerative disorders that include Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy. Current experimental gene therapy approaches for these disorders include the use of viral vectors expressing neurotrophic factors, antiapoptotic genes and modulators of neurotransmission. However, recent human kindred and transgenic mouse studies have implicated a key role for human |[alpha]|-synuclein overexpression and toxic accumulation in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies. RNA interference (RNAi), a recently discovered posttranscriptional gene silencing process has emerged as a powerful technology to 'turn off' or silence genes. Our approach is to develop viral vector-directed RNAi of human |[alpha]|-synuclein as a novel molecular therapeutic tool for synucleinopathies. We have previously reported a 21-nt sequence in the human |[alpha]|-synuclein gene, which constitutes an effective target for robust and selective silencing by RNAi. Following PCR-amplification of RNA-polymerase III H-1 promoter from human genomic DNA, we generated an expression plasmid for H-1 promoter-driven synthesis of short hairpin RNA (shRNA), which targets human |[alpha]|-synuclein for effective silencing. The H-1 promoter-based shRNA expression cassette was cloned into a lentivirus that also harbors a CMV promoter-driven enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) as a marker gene. Infection of the human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cell line with this lentivirus resulted in EGFP expression in about 89% of cells and approximately a 90% reduction in endogenous |[alpha]|-synuclein protein expression. This lentiviral vector-based siRNA system for highly effective silencing of human |[alpha]|-synuclein gene expression promises to be a novel therapeutic approach for diseases involving |[alpha]|-synuclein pathologies.
Assessing Reports of Therapeutic Trials
Authors: N. D. W. Lionel, A. Herxheimer
Journal: BMJ (1970)

A check list is described which helps the systematic assessment of reports of therapeutic trials, particularly the aspects that need to be considered in assessing their validity. The check list was used to examine 141 reports of therapeutic trials published in four British non-specialist journals in the first six months of 1966 and of 1969. Of these reports 51% were found to be acceptable and a further 16% probably acceptable; 33% were considered unacceptable because they lacked one or more of the features required in a valid report. The check list has been found useful in assessing claims made for drugs and other therapeutic measures on the basis of published reports.
Dependence among Sites in RNA Evolution
Authors: Jiaye Yu, Jeffrey L. Thorne
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2006)

Although probabilistic models of genotype (e.g., DNA sequence) evolution have been greatly elaborated, less attention has been paid to the effect of phenotype on the evolution of the genotype. Here we propose an evolutionary model and a Bayesian inference procedure that are aimed at filling this gap. In the model, RNA secondary structure links genotype and phenotype by treating the approximate free energy of a sequence folded into a secondary structure as a surrogate for fitness. The underlying idea is that a nucleotide substitution resulting in a more stable secondary structure should have a higher rate than a substitution that yields a less stable secondary structure. This free energy approach incorporates evolutionary dependencies among sequence positions beyond those that are reflected simply by jointly modeling change at paired positions in an RNA helix. Although there is not a formal requirement with this approach that secondary structure be known and nearly invariant over evolutionary time, computational considerations make these assumptions attractive and they have been adopted in a software program that permits statistical analysis of multiple homologous sequences that are related via a known phylogenetic tree topology. Analyses of 5S ribosomal RNA sequences are presented to illustrate and quantify the strong impact that RNA secondary structure has on substitution rates. Analyses on simulated sequences show that the new inference procedure has reasonable statistical properties. Potential applications of this procedure, including improved ancestral sequence inference and location of functionally interesting sites, are discussed.
The Couvade Syndrome: An Epidemiologic Study
Authors: MACK LIPKIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

A tracer condition, to be used for clinical epidemiologic examination of psychosociogenic illness, must be common and clearly identifiable, distinguishable from concomitant physical problems, and found in general care. These criteria are met by couvade syndrome, the seeking of care for pregnancy-related symptoms by the mates of expectant women. Records of the mates of 267 postpartum women, representing a systemic sample of all births in a health maintenance organization of 36 000, were rated for the presence of nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominal pain, abdominal bloating, and other symptoms. Each patient was his own control. Sixty men (225 of 1000) sought care for couvade syndrome; they had a twofold increase in visits (p < 0.001); had four times more symptoms than during control periods (p < 0.001); and received twice as many prescriptions for medication as the men without this syndrome (p < 0.05). The health care providers did not tend to recognize the "expectant" status of these patients or note the presence of the syndrome.
Modulating role for thromboxane in the tubuloglomerular feedback response in the rat.
Authors: W J Welch, C S Wilcox
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

Some studies have indicated that PGs can modulate the single nephron tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) response. The aim of this study was to define the specific role of the vasoconstrictor PG, TX, by administration to rats of either vehicle (group 1; n = 20) or drugs that inhibit either cyclooxygenase (indomethacin [indo], 5 mg.kg-1, group 2, n = 17), TX synthetase (UK-38,485 [UK], 100 mg.kg-1, group 3, n = 19), or TX receptors (SQ-29,548 [SQ], 8 mg.kg-1, group 4, n = 14, or L-641,953 [L], 50 mg.kg-1, group 5, n = 8). Indo reduced excretion of the prostacyclin derivative 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 and lowered whole kidney GFR and renal plasma flow, whereas UK lowered excretion of TXB2 only and did not change basal renal hemodynamics. The TGF response (assessed from reduction in proximal tubule stop-flow pressure (Psf, mmHg) during increases in perfusion of the loop of Henle (LH) from 0 to 40 nl.min-1) was unchanged after vehicle (9.8 +/- 0.5-10.9 +/- 1.0, NS) but blunted (P less than 0.001) by 40-65% in rats of groups 2-5 (indo, 11.1 +/- 1.0-4.4 +/- 0.7; UK, 9.0 +/- 0.8-4.8 +/- 0.7; SQ, 10.3 +/- 0.6-4.8 +/- 0.6; L, 10.7 +/- 0.5-6.7 +/- 1.3). This blunting was due to lower values for Psf at zero LH flow after indo, SQ, and L, and higher values of Psf at 40 nl.min-1 LH flow after indo and UK. The fall in single nephron GFR (SNGFR, nl.min-1) with increasing LH perfusion was unchanged after vehicle (10.9 +/- 2.8-11.2 +/- 0.8) but was blunted (P less than 0.05) by 45-55% in rats given indo (13.9 +/- 1.2-6.2 +/- 2.2) or UK (12.8 +/- 2.1-7.0 +/- 1.5). UK produced dose-dependent reductions in TXB2 excretion (IC50, 15 mg.kg-1) and inhibition of the TGF response (IC50: 30 mg.kg-1). After blockade of TX receptors by SQ, UK had no further affect on the TGF response. The fall in Psf at high LH flow was blunted (P less than 0.05) by indo and UK, whereas the rise in Psf at zero LH flow was blunted by indo, SQ, and L. In conclusion, endogenous TX generation can modulate the reductions in Psf and SNGFR during increased delivery of NaCl to the LH.
Confocal Microscopy–Guided Laser Ablation for Superficial and Early Nodular Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Chih-Shan Jason Chen, Heidy Sierra, Miguel Cordova, Milind Rajadhyaksha
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Laser ablation is a rapid and minimally invasive approach for the treatment of superficial skin cancers, but efficacy and reliability vary owing to lack of histologic margin control. High-resolution reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) may offer a means for examining margins directly on the patient.We report successful elimination of superficial and early nodular basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in 2 cases using RCM imaging to guide Er:YAG laser ablation. Three-dimensional (3D) mapping is feasible with RCM to delineate the lateral border and thickness of the tumor. Thus, the surgeon may deliver laser fluence and passes with localized control-ie, by varying the ablation parameters in sublesional areas with specificity that is governed by the 3D topography of the BCC. We further demonstrate intraoperative detection of residual BCC after initial laser ablation and complete removal of remaining tumor by additional passes. Both RCM imaging and histologic sections confirm the final clearance of BCC.Confocal microscopy may enhance the efficacy and reliability of laser tumor ablation. This report represents a new translational application for RCM imaging, which, when combined with an ablative laser, may one day provide an efficient and cost-effective treatment for BCC.
271 Maternal lymphocyte engraftment is associated with severe graft versus host disease after haploidentical bone marrow transplantation
Authors: FJ Noya, RA Gruber, JL Schlactus, IC Guerra, HM Rosenblatt, KS Barron, MS Pollack, J Ritz, WT Shearer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1988)
Three Types of Abnormal Scan Patterns in Posterior Cerebral Artery Infarction
Authors: HIROSHI MATSUDA, TOSHIO MAEDA, NORIHISA TONAMI, KINICHI HISADA, HIROFUMI MORI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

It has been reported that the tentorial confluence sign and/or hockey stick pattern on static imaging are useful in evaluating posterior cerebral artery (PCA) infarctions. In 16 cases with PCA infarction, the tentorial confluence sign was found in all cases, but a hockey stick pattern was seen in only half of these patients. The abnormal accumulations may be classified into three types. These three types seem to be consistent with the territory of the blood supply from the cortical, temporal, and/or occipital branches of the posterior cerebral artery. Emission computed tomography images may also demonstrate this consistency.
Oxygen hazards in divers breathing helium and oxygen mixtures.
Authors: I D Levack
Journal: BMJ (1983)

A propos de 2 accidents dans des cloches de plongee de la recherche petroliere en mer du Nord. Ces cloches sont fournies en un melange d'oxygene et d'helium sous pression. Dans un cas l'apport d'oxygene etait bloque, mais pour quelques instants seulement. Dans l'autre cas l'apport d'helium bloque provoque une intoxication par l'oxygene avec crise de type epileptique
Severe Hepatitis in a Patient Taking Cetirizine
Authors: Makoto Watanabe, Naruaki Kohge, Takekazu Kaji
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Letters17 July 2001Severe Hepatitis in a Patient Taking CetirizineMakoto Watanabe, MD, Naruaki Kohge, MD, and Takekazu Kaji, MDMakoto Watanabe, MDShimane Medical University; Izumo 693-8501, Japan (Watanabe, Kohge, Kaji)Search for more papers by this author, Naruaki Kohge, MDShimane Medical University; Izumo 693-8501, Japan (Watanabe, Kohge, Kaji)Search for more papers by this author, and Takekazu Kaji, MDShimane Medical University; Izumo 693-8501, Japan (Watanabe, Kohge, Kaji)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-2-200107170-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:A 23-year-old man with jaundice and general malaise was admitted to our hospital on 24 April 2000. He was not an alcoholic or an intravenous drug user. He had been taking cetirizine, 10 mg/d, since July 1999 for atopic dermatitis; he was taking no other drugs. Physical examination revealed jaundice without ascites or encephalopathy. Laboratory tests showed a serum total bilirubin level of 99 µmol/L (5.8 mg/dL), a direct bilirubin level of 3.4 mg/dL, an aspartate aminotransferase level of 28.80 µkat/L (1728 IU/L), an alanine aminotransferase level of 41 250 nkat/L (2475 IU/L), moderately elevated biliary enzyme ...Reference1. Clark S. Dangers of non-sedating antihistamines. Lancet. 1997;349:1268. [PMID: 9142059] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Makoto Watanabe, MD; Naruaki Kohge, MD; Takekazu Kaji, MDAffiliations: Shimane Medical University; Izumo 693-8501, Japan (Watanabe, Kohge, Kaji) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDrugs and ToxinsCetirizine-induced hepatotoxicity: case series and review of the literatureCetirizineHepatic injury due to drugs, herbal compounds, chemicals and toxinsHepatotoxicidad por cetiricinaColestasis intrahepática grave asociada a la ingesta de cetiricinaHepatotoxicidad por ebastinaCetirizineSecond-Generation AntihistaminesRecurrent Acute Hepatitis Associated with Use of CetirizineIn Vitro Effects of Astaxanthin Combined With Ginkgolide B on T Lymphocyte Activation in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells From Asthmatic SubjectsCetirizineAntihistamines (H1 receptor antagonists)Drug-induced liver diseaseAntihistamines (H1 receptor antagonists)Cetirizine 17 July 2001Volume 135, Issue 2 Page: 142-143 Keywords Alanine aminotransferase Antihistamines Bilirubin Drugs Liver Liver diseases Lymphocytes Prothrombin time Research laboratories Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase ePublished: 17 July 2001 Issue Published: 17 July 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Supervised injecting centres
Authors: N. M J Wright
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Medically supervised injecting centres are “legally sanctioned and supervised facilities designed to reduce the health and public order problems associated with illegal injection drug use.”1 Their purpose is to enable the consumption of pre-obtained drugs under hygienic, low risk conditions (box).1 They differ from illegal “shooting galleries,” where users pay to inject on site.2 Worldwide, medically supervised injecting centres (also referred to as health rooms, supervised injecting rooms, drug consumption rooms, and safer injecting rooms or facilities) are receiving renewed attention. In 2001, the first medically supervised injecting centre in recent times was opened in Sydney, Australia. By 2002, there were 16 centres in five German cities,3 over 20 in the Netherlands, and some in Switzerland and Spain.4 The UK Home Affairs Select Committee recently recommended “that an evaluated pilot programme of safe injecting houses for heroin users is established without delay and that if this is successful, the programme is extended across the country.”5 However, the Home Secretary rejected this recommendation, stating that medically supervised injecting centres would be supported only as part of a heroin prescribing programme.5 We argue that this decision should be overturned. ### Functions of medically supervised injecting centres
Skin inflammation in RelB−/− mice leads to defective immunity and impaired clearance of vaccinia virus
Authors: Eva-Jasmin Freyschmidt, Clinton B. Mathias, Daniel H. MacArthur, Amale Laouar, Manjunath Narasimhaswamy, Falk Weih, Hans C. Oettgen
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Endoscopic Ultrasound and Endorectal Magnetic Resonance Imaging: a Prospective, Comparative Study for Preoperative Staging and Follow-Up of Rectal Cancer
Authors: C. Meyenberger, R. A. Huch Böni, P. Bertschinger, G. F. Zala, H. P. Klotz, G. P. Krestin
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

Background and Study Aims: Endoscopic ultrasound has become the best available method for local staging of primary rectal cancer and diagnosing recurrent local disease. The aim of this study is to compare the value of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) to magnetic resonance imaging with an endorectal coil (EMRI).
336 VEGF and angiopoietin-1 as hypoxia-inducible, autocrine and paracrine chemotactic factors for human hepatic stellate cells
Authors: E. Novo, S. Cannito, E. Zamara, L. Valfrè di Bonzo, A. Caligiuri, S. Colombatto, E. Marra, M. Pinzani, M. Parola
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Galactagogue and Emmenagogue Effects of the Leaves of the Ricinus Communis
Authors: T. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1850)

stind the mature of the accident, he will be able to adapt his remedial measures to the emergency.The 8pecial means adopted may infinitely vary, (as in uterine hbemorrhage); but the general principles of treatment are immutable, and simple, and ought to be engraven in the mind of every accoucheur.The amount of success attending their application must depend upon the promptness, nerve, and sagacity of the practitioner.
Blood and Plasma Donations Among a Cohort of Intravenous Drug Users
Authors: Kenrad E. Nelson
Journal: JAMA (1990)

We evaluated the blood and plasma donation histories of a cohort of 2921 intravenous drug users in Baltimore, Md, and correlated these histories with their human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serologic status, numbers of CD4 lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, and stigmata of intravenous drug use (scarred veins). Of the 793 intravenous drug users (27.1%) who had donated blood or plasma, 652 (82.2%) donated after they had started using intravenous drugs. Most subjects donated at commercial plasma centers, where they were paid $10 to $15 per donation. Although the HIV-1 seroprevalence of the entire cohort was 24.1%, the HIV-1 seroprevalence among those reporting plasma or blood donations declined progressively with time, from 17.1% in those who last donated in 1985 to 3.6% in those who last donated in 1988-1989. Many of the 437 intravenous drug users who had donated plasma or blood since 1985, when screening for HIV-1 was initiated, had not been notified and counseled about their HIV test results. Current programs to exclude individuals with a history of intravenous drug use from the plasma donor pool should be reevaluated and improved. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;263:2194-2197)
Measuring Desire for Death Among Patients With HIV/AIDS:The Schedule of Attitudes Toward Hastened Death
Authors: Barry Rosenfeld, William Breitbart, Kelly Stein, Julie Funesti-Esch, Monique Kaim, Suzanne Krivo, Michele Galietta
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1999)

OBJECTIVE: As physician-assisted suicide is debated, a need for standardized measurement of desire for death among medically ill individuals has emerged. The authors present preliminary validation data for a new self-report instrument, the Schedule of Attitudes Toward Hastened Death. METHOD: The participants were 195 patients with HIV/AIDS from two sites: 148 ambulatory patients and 47 patients who had been recently admitted to a facility for end-of-life care. The ambulatory participants completed the 20-item Schedule of Attitudes Toward Hastened Death and several other instruments, including the Beck Depression Inventory and Brief Symptom Inventory. The terminally ill patients also completed the Schedule of Attitudes Toward Hastened Death, along with other measures, and were assessed by clinicians with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Desire for Death Rating Scale, a global clinician rating of the patient's desire for death. RESULTS: The Schedule of Attitudes Toward Hastened Death demonstrated high reliability. The total score significantly correlated with the clinician rating on the Desire for Death Rating Scale and with ratings of depression and psychological distress. In addition, the Schedule of Attitudes Toward Hastened Death score significantly correlated with pain intensity and physical symptom distress. Factor analysis supported a single factor structure for the instrument. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the Schedule of Attitudes Toward Hastened Death is a reliable, valid measure of desire for death among patients with HIV/AIDS. Further research with this measure may help address many of the unanswered questions emerging from the ongoing debates regarding legalization of assisted suicide.