tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Individuals face poverty in trying to meet the high costs of health care, WHO reports
Authors: Bob Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Unaffordable payments for health care imperil at least 150 million people a year throughout the world, pushing at least 100 million of them into poverty, concludes an analysis conducted by the World Health Organization.

Prepayment mechanisms, as opposed to out of pocket spending, are an important way to reduce this impoverishment, said Phillip Musgrove, one of the authors of the analysis, at a news conference held in Washington, DC, this week.

The meta-analysis, to be published in the July and August edition of Health Affairs , was based on 116 surveys conducted in 89 countries and covering 89% of the world's population. When the researchers grouped the data …
Positive Correlation Between Standardized Uptake Values of FDG Uptake in the Stomach and the Value of the C-13 Urea Breath Test
Authors: Chun-Yi Lin, Chiu-Shoung Liu, Hueisch-Jy Ding, Shung-Shung Sun, Kuo-Yang Yen, Te-Chun Hsieh, Cheng-Chieh Lin, Chia-Hung Kao
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

The distribution of FDG uptake in the stomach is variable. Gastritis is one of the causes of elevated FDG uptake. Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection was found in approximately 80% of patients with peptic ulcer and 30% to 60% of symptomatic gastritis. The C-13 urea breath test (UBT) is one of the gold standard tools in diagnosis of HP infection. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between standardized uptake values (SUVs) of FDG uptake in the stomach and the value of the C-13 urea breath test (UBT).Sixteen patients, referred from the department of community medicine, for FDG PET for health examination were chronologically enrolled for detection of HP infection by using the C-13 UBT within 1 week. The maximal SUVs of FDG uptake in the gastric wall as well as the value of the C-13 UBT were measured. The correlation between maximal SUVs of FDG uptake in the stomach and the value of the C-13 UBT was observed.We took the results of C-13 UBT as the final diagnosis of HP infection. Of 16 patients, 5 were HP-infected and 11 were uninfected. Standardized uptake values of FDG uptake in the gastric wall were strong positively correlated with the value of the C-13 UBT in this retrospective study (P < 0.001).Except for gastric cancer, HP infection has to be concerned when high SUVs of FDG uptake in the stomach are noted.
GLUCOSE AS A FOOD
Authors: Harvey W. Wiley
Journal: JAMA (1926)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I read with much interest the editorial on "Glucose as a Food" (The Journal, Feb. 27, 1926). I was greatly surprised to find that this editorial was cited as one of the reasons before the Interstate and Foreign Commerce Committee of the House of Representatives favoring the approval of the bill already passed by the Senate, permitting the use of glucose as a component of sugar under the general title of sugar, and without notice to the consumer. I notice that your approval of this measure is not because of its repealing some of the most important provisions of the food law, and the legalization of adulteration and mis-branding, as it is because of the value of glucose, which you describe as<i>par excellence</i>the physiologic sugar. It is true that the only sugar found in the blood and tissues is glucose. You may be surprised, however,
The challenge of managing coexistent type 2 diabetes and obesity
Authors: C. J. Bailey
Journal: BMJ (2011)

pointsThe presence of obesity with type 2 diabetes increases morbidity and mortality from each condition Excess adiposity accentuates insulin resistance and complicates the treatment of type 2 diabetes Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists promote weight loss, whereas metformin, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, and α glucosidase inhibitors are typically weight neutralThe anabolic effects of increased insulin secretion and action restrict the benefits of treatment in obese patients New treatments should ideally reduce hyperglycaemia and excess adiposity Potential new treatments include analogues of intestinal and adipocyte hormones, inhibitors of renal glucose reabsorption and cellular glucocorticoid activation, and activators of cellular energy production Sources and selection criteriaThis article is largely based on a search, focused on the treatment of hyperglycaemia, of original articles published between 2005 and 2010 using Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar.The main search terms were hyperglycaemia, diabetes, diabesity, and obesity together with therapy, treatment, or control.Papers identified were English language with full text available.Reference lists of recent reviews were searched, along with abstracts of the American Diabetes Association and European Association for the Study of Diabetes 2007-10.
Two cases of `pancreatic cholera' with features of peptide-secreting adenomatosis of the pancreas
Authors: W. Sircus, P. W. Brunt, R. J. Walker, W. P. Small, C. W. A. Falconer, C. G. Thomson
Journal: Gut (1970)

The clinical data are presented of two women with profound metabolic upset from exceptional water and electrolyte losses in diarrhoea. One had an islet-cell adenoma of the pancreas and the other abnormal islets. Gastric and pancreatic function were abnormal in both, consistent with the subsequent demonstration of a pancreatic and choleretic secretagogue in the tumour tissue and pancreatic and gastric secretagogues in circulating blood (Cleator, Thomson, Sircus, and Coombes, 1970).
Heme oxygenase-1 and carbon monoxide suppress the pathogenesis of experimental cerebral malaria
Authors: Ana Pamplona, Ana Ferreira, József Balla, Viktória Jeney, György Balla, Sabrina Epiphanio, Ângelo Chora, Cristina D Rodrigues, Isabel Pombo Gregoire, Margarida Cunha-Rodrigues, Silvia Portugal, Miguel P Soares, Maria M Mota
Journal: Nature Medicine (2007)
Cardiac Hypertrophy and Failure
Authors: G HART
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

Cardiac Hypertrophy and Failure Get access G HART G HART Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 25, Issue 2, February 1991, Page 176, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/25.2.176 Published: 01 February 1991
Diamond‐blackfan anemia: The role of immunoglobulin blocking factor in remission
Authors: Martin H. Steinberg, Mary B. Coleman, James B. Pennebaker
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1980)

Abstract Some patients with Diamond‐Blackfan syndrome may have suppressor T‐cells responsible for the failure of normal erythropoiesis. The capacity of Diamond‐Blackfan syndrome mononuclear cells to react in mixed leukocyte culture to the stimulus of nucleated red cells was tested using bone marrow as the cell source. In all but one instance, Diamond‐Blackfan mononuclear cells and cells from normal or a multiply‐transfused control showed similar degrees of stimulation. Patient mononuclear cells reacted normally to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The presence of a cytotoxic effect of Diamond‐Blackfan mononuclear cells on normal nucleated red cells was examined using a 59 Fe‐release assay. There was no evidence for lymphocyte‐mediated erythroid cytotoxicity. Immunoglobulins (Ig) were removed from Diamond‐Blackfan serum by affinity chromatography. Erythroid burst‐forming units (BFU‐E) failed to grow normally in Ig‐depleted patient autologous serum, but growth failure was reversed when Ig eluted from the affinity column was added back to the culture. Diamond‐Blackfan Ig added to autologous mononuclear cells in the absence of autologous serum normalized colony growth. T‐cells of some Diamond‐Blackfan syndrome patients may suppress BFU‐E growth, but they do not react abnormally in mixed leukocyte culture to nucleated erythroid cells and are not cytotoxic for erythroblasts under our conditions of study. The serum‐blocking factor in our patients appears to be an Ig that promotes BFU‐E generation despite the presence of suppressor T‐cells. Although it cannot be proved, this may be related to the remission of disease in our patients.
The role of the bone marrow in allergy and asthma
Authors: J. A. Denburg, M. O. Inman, B. Leber, R. Sehmi, P. M. O'Byrne
Journal: Allergy (1996)

Summary The above studies have begun to address the fundamental question of the mechanisms of bone marrow involvement and response to allergen challenge in allergic asthmatics. Further studies in this area should complement our investigations in human asthma — which suggest that a particular bias toward differentiation of Eo‐Baso progenitors characterizes the atopic state — as well as our findings in the dog model of allergen‐induced airway hyperresponsiveness, which indicate that the bone marrow responds to inhalation of allergen or corticosteroids. Taken in the context of previous indications that IgE and bronchial responsiveness may both be transferrable through bone marrow transplantation (log), these findings indicate a physiologic role for the bone marrow in allergic inflammation. Likewise, these concepts provide a basis for making certain predictions regarding management and novel therapeutic interventions in atopy and asthma.
Some Promotions Began Before, But Extended Into, Grace Period of AMA/PMA Guidelines
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1991)

EARLY this year, an East Coast obstetrician-gynecologist sent documentation to the general counsel's office at the American Medical Association (AMA) of a promotion by TAP Pharmaceuticals, a joint venture of Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Ill. The promotion, called "The Road to ACOG 1991 Sweepstakes," was intended to send 700 physicians to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) meeting now in progress in New Orleans, La (May 5 through May 8). The trip was to include round-trip airfare, 4 nights' lodging, and the conference registration fee, all of which appear to violate basic provisions of the AMA—Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (PMA) guidelines that went into effect during the course of the promotion. Winners of the trip were selected in random drawings held monthly starting August 1, 1990, and ending February 1, 1991,2 months after the guidelines went into effect. Physicians could register repeatedly for the drawings through the mail or
Elevated Hypothalamic TCPTP in Obesity Contributes to Cellular Leptin Resistance
Authors: Kim Loh, Atsushi Fukushima, Xinmei Zhang, Sandra Galic, Dana Briggs, Pablo J. Enriori, Stephanie Simonds, Florian Wiede, Alexander Reichenbach, Christine Hauser, Natalie A. Sims, Kendra K. Bence, Sheng Zhang, Zhong-Yin Zhang, Barbara B. Kahn, Benjamin G. Neel, Zane B. Andrews, Michael A. Cowley, Tony Tiganis
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2011)
An international consensus for medical leadership on alcohol
Authors: Cordelia Coltart, Ian Anderson, Benson Barh, Neil Dewhurst, John Donohoe, Andrej Dukat, Ian Gilmore, Padma Gunaratne, Virginia Hood, David Kershenobich, John Kolbe, Patrick Li, Raymond Liang, Anil Madaree, Bongani Mayosi, Kammant Phanthumchinda, Richard Thompson
Journal: The Lancet (2011)
Assessment of hemodynamics properties of a new-type artificial heart valve prosthesis using catheterization and echocardiography
Authors: Y.J. Zeng, S.W. Xu, Q. Wang, Y. Chang, A.Q. Dong, R.K. Chen, X.J. Yu
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Objective: The objectives of this study were to assess the hemodynamic properties of the newly developed artificial heart valve prosthesis experimentally in laboratory simulation, in an animal model, and clinically in a human model and to compare the results measured by catheterization and echocardiography. Methods: (1) Laboratory simulation. The prosthesis was tested using a pulsatile flow simulator in the aortic position. Hydrodynamics parameters were automatically analyzed through a custom-designed data processing program. (2) Animal experiment. Six sheep subjected to mitral replacement with 21-mm-valve prosthesis were measured by open cardiac catheterization intraoperatively. Doppler echocardiography and open cardiac catheterization under dobutamine stress were performed in two sheep subjected to implantation 2.5 years ago. (3) Clinical patient observation. Observations were carried out on 14 patients with aortas replacement and 10 patients with bicuspid replacement using both doppler echocardiography and open cardiac catheterization. Results: (1) Laboratory simulation. The results showed that the value of the transvalvular gradient (ΔP) decreased with the increase of heart rate, and the values were not greater that 10 mm Hg at any given tissue annulus diameter. (2) Animal experiment. The mean ΔP value of the six sheep was 5.2 ± 1.7 mm Hg intraoperatively, while the corresponding ΔP value of the two sheep 2.5 years after implantation was 6.1 ± 0.3 mm Hg measured by open cardiac catheterization. (3) Clinical patient observation. The mean ΔP values in the aortic position measured by catheterization and echocardiography were 6.26 ∼ 4.10 and 9.42 ∼ 7.48 mm Hg, respectively. The gradients in the mitral position were 2.10 ∼ 1.9 and 5.28 ∼ 4.10 mm Hg, respectively. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that the new-type bileaflet heart valve prosthesis only generates a relatively low transvalvar gradient and thus has good hemodynamic properties. Am. J. Hematol. 81:563–567, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Abstract P3-14-16: Can Resistance to Trastuzumab Be Reversed by Endocrine Therapy? Results from a Proof-of-Principle Trial in Postmenopausal Patients with Hormonal Receptor (HR) Positive, HER-2 Positive Advanced Breast Cancer (SAKK 23/03)
Authors: D Koeberle, T Ruhstaller, L Jost, O Pagani, K Zaman, R von Moos, S Crowe, B Thuerlimann
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Introduction: Trastuzumab (T) is a cornerstone in the treatment of patients with HER2-overexpressing advanced breast cancer and development of resistance to T is a major therapeutic problem. HER-2 is part of a highly interactive signaling network that may impair efficacy of endocrine therapy. A sequential treatment design was chosen in this trial to ensure complete resistance to single agent therapy before receiving both a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor (AI) and T. Any kind of clinical activity with combined treatment of AI and T after progression of single agent treatments could indicate restoration of sensitivity as a consequence of cross-talking and networking between both pathways. Methods: Key eligibility criteria included postmenopausal patients (pts.) with advanced, measurable, HER-2 positive (assessed by FISH, ratio (≥2)), HR positive disease and progression on prior treatment with a non-steroidal AI, e.g. letrozole or anastrozole, either in an adjuvant or advanced setting. Pts. received standard dose T monotherapy either weekly or three-weekly in step 1 and upon disease progression, continued T in combination with letrozole in step 2. The primary endpoint was clinical benefit response (CBR: CR, PR or SD for at least 24 weeks (+/− 1 week) according to RECIST) in step 2. Results: Thirteen pts. were enrolled in five centers in Switzerland. In step 1, six pts. (46%) achieved CBR. Median time to progression (TTP) was 161 days (Range: 50 - 627). Based on data collected until the end of May 2010, CBR was observed in seven out of the eleven evaluable pts. (64%) in step 2, including one pt. with partial response. Four of the seven pts. within step 2 that achieved CBR also had CBR in step 1. Seven out of eleven pts. have documented tumor progression during step 2 treatment. Median TTP for all eleven pts. was 184 days (range 61 - 471). Mean time on study treatment (TTP in step 1 plus TTP in step 2) for pts. reaching step 2 was 380 days (range 174 - 864). Adverse events were generally mild. Conclusion: Results of this proof-of-principle trial suggest that complete resistance to both AI and T can be overcome in a proportion of pts. by combined treatment of AI and T, as all pts. served as their own control. Our results appear promising for a new treatment strategy which offers a chemotherapy-free and well-tolerated option for at least a subset of the pts. with HR positive, HER-2 positive breast cancer. Further trials will need to corroborate this finding. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-14-16.
Evaluation of the effect of antiarthritic drugs on the secretion of proteoglycans by lapine chondrocytes using a novel assay procedure.
Authors: S Collier, P Ghosh
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

A new method is described for separating free 35SO4-- from 35SO4 labelled proteoglycans synthesised by rabbit articular chondrocytes cultured in the presence of excess 35SO4--. The procedure uses the low solubility product of barium sulphate to remove, by precipitation, free 35SO4-- from culture medium. Optimum recovery of 35SO4 labelled proteoglycans was achieved after papain digestion to release 35SO4-glycosaminoglycans, and addition of chondroitin sulphate before the precipitation step. Using this assay, we studied the effect of six drugs-indomethacin, diclofenac, sodium pentosan polysulphate, glycosaminoglycan polysulphate ester, tiaprofenic acid, and ketoprofen-on the secretion into the medium of labelled proteoglycans by lapine chondrocytes. The six drugs were tested at 0.1, 1, 10, 50, and 100 micrograms/ml over four consecutive 48 hour culture periods. A consistent concentration-response pattern was found for the four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) studied. Generally they inhibited proteoglycan secretion at 50 and 100 micrograms/ml but had no effect at lower concentrations. Inhibition of secretion was strongest with indomethacin and diclofenac at 50 and 100 micrograms/ml. In contrast with the NSAIDs studied, the two sulphated polysaccharides (sodium pentosan polysulphate and glycosaminoglycan polysulphate ester) at low concentrations increased proteoglycan secretion by chondrocytes, with maximal stimulation occurring at 1 microgram/ml. Sodium pentosan polysulphate, but not glycosaminoglycan polysulphate ester, showed inhibitory activity at 50 and 100 micrograms/ml.
Impact of introduction of colposcopy to a district general hospital.
Authors: A Singer, P Walker, S K Tay, J Dyson
Journal: BMJ (1984)

During the first 18 months of operation of a new colposcopy clinic, established in a district general hospital, 608 women were seen. Most (568 (93.0%] were referred from within the local district, on the whole by their general practitioner. In 466 cases a repeat cervical smear was taken, and all women underwent colposcopic examination together with directed punch biopsy of any abnormal area. Positive cytology was seen in 356 women, but 85 (23.9%) of these were found to have no histological evidence of malignancy or premalignancy and were consequently discharged from the clinic. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was confirmed histologically in 379 women, of whom 259 were under 35 and 175 nulliparous. As a result of the use of colposcopy and local destructive methods of treatment only 42 patients (11.1%) were required to undergo cone biopsy. The initial overall incidence of success in the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was 86.2% for cone biopsy, 88.5% for diathermy, and 81.1% for laser ablative treatment. Colposcopy has an important role in the management of cervical neoplasia in the district general hospital.
Graduate Medical Education Confronted
Authors: Gerald T. Perkoff
Journal: JAMA (1988)

RECENT changes in the financing of hospital care have precipitated new activity and interest in graduate medical education by calling attention to preexisting forces already affecting the system. Many things are happening simultaneously. Intensive hospital care of patients with increasingly complex cases admitted to teaching hospitals has limited the scope of both graduate and undergraduate medical education. The high cost and increasing organization of medical care already have led to a steady shift of care from the hospital to the ambulatory setting. Because of these changes, several commentators have recommended expansion of the content of graduate and undergraduate medical education to include more primary care and social and behavioral sciences<sup>1,2</sup>and a shift in its location to ambulatory settings.<sup>3,4</sup>Major changes have been suggested in the specialty mix of graduate medical education, including a new primary care specialty.<sup>5,6</sup>Two separate, large task forces have recommended changes in
L-histidine augments the response to 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin in Brattleboro homozygous (di/di) rats.
Authors: G Charnogursky, A M Moses, R Coulson, M Bernstein, C P Carvounis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Studies in vitro have shown that L-histidine increases the hydroosmotic response to vasopressin. We examined whether this phenomenon occurs also in vivo. Homozygous Brattleboro rats (di/di) were fed a regular diet (0.5% histidine) or a diet enriched with histidine and received 1 ng of 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (dDAVP) daily. Addition of histidine (1% by weight) increased post-dDAVP urine osmolality to a level higher than that of control (502 +/- 62 vs. 316 +/- 36 mosmol/kg, P less than 0.05). Similar results were seen with 3.0% and 5.5% dietary histidine. There were significant increases in free-water reabsorption and in the ratio of free-water reabsorption to osmolar clearance, but no difference in osmolal clearance. No significant effect was found with supplemental histidine of 0.5% or less. The cause for these findings appears not to be the metabolism of histidine, since the nonmetabolizable D-histidine had a significant, albeit smaller, effect, and the isonitrogenous addition of albumin, alanine, arginine, or glutamine was ineffective. In part, histidine may operate by increasing cAMP since the renal cAMP content in response to vasopressin is increased in histidine-fed rats (13.1 +/- 0.9 vs. 9.8 +/- 0.8 nmol/g dry weight, P less than 0.01). The role of prostaglandins appears less clear. Histidine greatly decreased urinary PGE2 during baseline (1.5 +/- 0.3 vs. 7.0 +/- 2.3 micrograms/mg creatinine, P less than 0.001), but it profoundly augmented urinary prostaglandin excretion after dDAVP stimulation (40.0 +/- 4.2 vs. 7.0 +/- 2.0 micrograms/mg creatinine, P less than 0.001).
Studies on Human Platelet Gangliosides
Authors: Aaron J. Marcus, Harris L. Ullman, Lenore B. Safier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Gangliosides, glycosphingolipids which contain sialic acid, were studied in human platelets. They represented 0.5% of the platelet lipids and accounted for 6% of the total neuraminic acid content of platelets. Three major ganglioside fractions were identified and characterized. Ganglioside I was hematoside (G6) and comprised 92% of the platelet gangliosides. It contained glucose, galactose, and sialic acid in molar ratios of 1:1:1 and no hexosamine. The major fatty acid was behenate (22:0). Ganglioside I was also identified in isolated platelet granules and membranes. Ganglioside II (5%) contained glucose, galactose, sialic acid, and hexosamines (molar ratios 1:2:1:1). The hexosamines were glucosamine (72%) and galactosamine (28%). It was therefore designated as ganglioside lacto-N-neotetraose. Ganglioside III (2%) contained disialosyllactosyl ceramide (G3A) as well as two other gangliosides which could not be precisely characterized. Gangliosides I, II, and III were susceptible to the action of Clostridium perfringens neuraminidase as evidenced by full recovery of sialic acid in its free form after incubation. Neutral platelet glycolipids were qualitatively examined by thin-layer chromatography. The major component was lactosyl ceramide.
Persistent Supraventricular Tachycardia
Authors: NORMAN SHACHNOW, STANLEY SPELLMAN, IRA RUBIN
Journal: Circulation (1954)

A summary of all reported cases of persistent supraventricular tachycardia, as contrasted with paroxysmal and repetitive tachycardia, is presented, along with an additional well-documented instance covering an 11-year period. The distinctive features of persistent tachycardia are included.