tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Statins, Diet, and Low Cholesterol
Authors: Dario Giugliano, Katherine Esposito
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
MEDICAL AND HYGIENIC EXHIBITS AT THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE EXPOSITION.I. AMERICAN EXHIBITS.
Authors: GUY HINSDALE
Journal: JAMA (1904)

At no previous exposition has there been such a systematic display of the science and art of medicine as is found at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition at St. Louis. The visiting medical man is at once impressed with the magnificent exhibits in all matters relating to social economy. <h3>SCHOOL AND COLLEGE EXHIBIT.</h3> One of the largest buildings is devoted to education and social economy. Here the great universities, colleges and schools make exhibits that must be a great source of pride to every alumnus. Harvard University and the public schools and libraries of Massachusetts easily take first rank. A large model in plaster of the new buildings designed for the use of Harvard Medical School, at a projected cost of $3,500,000, shows what is destined to be the most superb equipment of any medical school in the world. Methods of teaching are shown and among these are kinetoseopic devices
A Vasectomy Case: The Meaning of Malpractice and the Discovery Rule
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

LEGAL cases seem to come in bunches. In a recent column,1 I discussed two cases of first impression — i.e., entirely new legal issues, regarding the right of a patient to recover damages for bringing up an unwanted child. The first case, in Michigan, concerned a pharmacist's error in providing a tranquilizer when an oral contraceptive was prescribed,2 and the second, in Delaware, negligence in performing a sterilization operation on a wife.3 In both cases, the courts ordered juries to consider and award damages for the entire cost of raising the unwanted children to majority. Now, only two months later, . . .
NleB, a Bacterial Effector with Glycosyltransferase Activity, Targets GAPDH Function to Inhibit NF-κB Activation
Authors: Xiaofei Gao, Xiaogang Wang, Thanh H. Pham, Leigh Ann Feuerbacher, Marie-Luise Lubos, Minzhao Huang, Rachel Olsen, Arcady Mushegian, Chad Slawson, Philip R. Hardwidge
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2013)
THE LIMITATIONS OF SERUM THERAPY.
Authors: JOHN MADDEN
Journal: JAMA (1898)

A review of the literature of serum therapy of the last two years is likely to produce some confusion. In the light of what has already been shown to be true, much elaborate experimentation seems to have been purposeless and final failure might have been foretold at the beginning. One of the prime causes of much misunderstanding is the failure to discriminate between the production of immunity from a disease and the production of resistance against a disease toxin. There is a wide difference between the two processes and the probable manner by which they are brought about. In the former some change, the nature of which is not understood, has been produced which makes the body unfit as a culture medium for the growth of a particular bacterium and the consequent development of its special toxin. Ten years ago Buchner showed this substance to be an albuminous body which
Oral Preparations of Rauwolfia Serpentina in Treatment of Essential Hypertension
Authors: S. Locket
Journal: BMJ (1955)

The older Indian literature records the liberal use over several centuries of preparations of the roots of Rauwolfia species, and particularly Rauwolfia serpentina, for the treatment of dysentery, snakebites, and fever (? malaria). In more recent times these preparations have been used in India as sedatives and also for in somnia and insanity. By the end of the seventeenth century this use of rauwolfia root as a sedative had apparently reached Europe. The genus Rauwolfia belongs to the Apocynaceae and contains some 40 to 50 species, but R. serpentina, a large twining shrub found in India and Malaya, appears to be the .main member used for these purposes, and it is therefore this plant whose roots were credited with all these most desirable qualities. Preparations of these roots of R. serpentina were found to have definite hypotensive properties when tried in animals (Chopra et al., 1933) in addition to producing hypnotic and sedative effects. This hypo tensive action on the blood pressure has apparently been confirmed in varying degree in hypertensive patients (Vakil, 1940, 1949; Bhatia, 1942; Wilkins and Judson, 1953 ; Ford et al., 1953 ; Arnold and Bock, 1953 ; Klausgraber, 1953 ; Joiner and Kauntze, 1954). The hypotensive and hypnotic action of preparations of R. serpentina root would appear to reside in the content of alkaloids, of which some 15 have so far been isolated, two of .the most active of these being rescinnamine and reserpine, ester alkaloids chemically related to yohimbine, differing only in the acid moiety (trimethoxycinnamic and trimethoxybenzoic acid). Re serpine makes up about 0.1% of crude preparations, and would seem in man to be more likely to cause drowsiness and diarrhoea than rescinnamine. In dogs it has only half the hypotensive potency (Cronheim and Toekes, 1955), but there is a marked variation in relative activity of these alkaloids in different animal species. There would also appear to be at least one other, as yet unidentified, highly active alkaloid in the crude extract.
Case of Puerperal Convulsions
Authors: J. G. Swayne
Journal: BMJ (1873)

capillaries of the part.Hvperoemia would thus ensue, and would give rise to the usual mucous exudation, with more or less admixture of blood.This actually occurred here, but not primarily.The first event was paralysis of the organic muscular fibres which constitute the detrusor urinT, and which are essentially similar to those existing in the arterial coats.It cannot be considered unlikely that a tissue closely adjacent, and very similar to that which is commonly affected, should in some instances be first attacked.That catarrh depends on some nerve-paralysing influence, I cannot doubt.Apart from much re- corded experience, the following fact is worth mention.My house-cat at present (March I873) has been acutely ill the last few days with diarrhcea, loss of appetite, frequent sneezing, extreme feebleness, and incomplete paraplegia of the hind legs, so that she could not go up stairs.She is now convalescing. 1suppose the cat may be acquitted of hysteria; so, I think, may my patient.Both had catarrh, I believe.That the syphilis which made its appearance a month later could have been concerned in causing the paralysis, can hardly be imagined.The history, both in itself and as a contribution to the history of catarrh, is not without interest.
Optimal Rate of Enteral Glucose Administration in Children with Glycogen Storage Disease Type I
Authors: W. Frederick Schwenk, Morey W. Haymond
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Rates of administration of enteral carbohydrate to maintain the plasma glucose concentration and suppress organic acidemia in young children with glycogen storage disease Type I have not been clearly established. Therefore, we studied six children with the disease during sequential nasogastric infusions of carbohydrate at four different rates (10.5, 8.6, 5.8, and 3 mg of carbohydrate per kilogram of body weight per minute). The rates at which total and endogenous glucose appeared in the plasma were measured with [2H2] glucose. The infusion rates of carbohydrate were linearly correlated (r = 0.88, P<0.001) with the plasma glucose concentration, which was about 90 mg per deciliter at a rate of 8.6 mg per kilogram per minute. The mean (±SE) rate of appearance of endogenous glucose was 1.4±0.1 mg per kilogram per minute at a nasogastric infusion rate of 5.8 mg of carbohydrate per kilogram per minute (a rate similar to that of hepatic glucose production in normal children who have fasted overnight), and was completely suppressed at 10.5 mg of carbohydrate per kilogram per minute. Concentrations of plasma lactate, pyruvate, free fatty acids, and ketone bodies were inversely related to the rate of carbohydrate administration below 8.6 mg per kilogram per minute. We conclude that the minimal nocturnal nasogastric infusion rate of carbohydrate needed to maintain plasma glucose concentrations and minimize organic acidemia in young children with glycogen storage disease Type I is approximately 8 to 9 mg per kilogram per minute. (N Engl J Med 1986; 314:682–5.)
Screening for proteinuria in a rheumatology clinic: comparison of dipstick testing, 24 hour urine quantitative protein, and protein/creatinine ratio in random urine samples.
Authors: S H Ralston, N Caine, I Richards, D O'Reilly, R D Sturrock, H A Capell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

Measurements of protein/creatinine ratio in 9spot9 urine samples were compared with measurements of 24 hour quantitative proteinuria and side room 9dipstick9 testing in 104 samples from 90 patients presenting consecutively to a rheumatology unit. Linear regression analysis showed a highly significant correlation between the random urinary protein/creatinine ratio and total protein excretion in 24 hour urine samples (r = 0.92, p less than 0.001, y = 6.55x + 0.04). Although an approximation of 24 hour urinary protein excretion could have been made from the regression line: 24 hour urine protein = 6.55 x protein/creatinine ratio + 0.04 (g/l), there was a wide scatter of values, particularly in patients with greater than 1 g/24 h urinary protein excretion. Nevertheless, significant proteinuria (greater than 300 mg/24 h) could have been confirmed or excluded with a sensitivity and specificity of 97% by adopting random protein/creatinine values of less than 0.04 as 9normal9. Specificity and sensitivity could have been increased to 100%, however, by excluding patients with values lying between 0.01 and 0.10 as all the false negatives (n = 3) and false positives (n = 3) lay within this range. In comparison, dipstick testing, although 100% sensitive, had a poor specificity due to the high false positive rate (40/83 (48%] in patients with 1+ to 3+ readings. Assessment of random urinary protein/creatinine ratio may obviate the need for 24 hour urine collections in the initial assessment of suspected proteinuria. A wider application of this technique seems indicated in view of the obvious advantages in terms of cost, time, and patient convenience.
Doxycycline in Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Russell A. Klein
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Twenty patients undergoing urgent or emergency surgical procedures where intra-abdominal infection was suspected were treated with doxycycline hyclate. Wound infections involving anaerobic, aerobic, or facultative bacteria developed in four of 11 patients treated with doxycycline alone. Nine other patients received higher doses of doxycycline plus gentamicin sulfate. Five of these had postoperative infections primarily involving anaerobic organisms. Bacteremia with a doxycycline-resistant<i>Bacteroides fragilis</i>developed in one patient during therapy. Serum levels of doxycycline, even at the higher dosage, were below the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of a number of potential pathogens isolated at the time of surgery. Doxycycline is not indicated in cases of serious intra-abdominal infection unless the infecting flora are known to be susceptible. (<i>JAMA</i>238:1933-1935, 1977)
Quality Indicators for Management and Prevention of Falls
Authors: Laurence Z. Rubenstein, Christopher M. Powers, Catherine H. MacLean
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters17 September 2002Quality Indicators for Management and Prevention of FallsLaurence Z. Rubenstein, MD, MPH, Christopher M. Powers, PhD, PT, and Catherine H. MacLean, MD, PhDLaurence Z. Rubenstein, MD, MPHSepulveda Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Sepulveda, CA 91343University of Southern California; Los Angeles, CA 90033RAND; Santa Monica, CA 90407Search for more papers by this author, Christopher M. Powers, PhD, PTSepulveda Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Sepulveda, CA 91343University of Southern California; Los Angeles, CA 90033RAND; Santa Monica, CA 90407Search for more papers by this author, and Catherine H. MacLean, MD, PhDSepulveda Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Sepulveda, CA 91343University of Southern California; Los Angeles, CA 90033RAND; Santa Monica, CA 90407Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-6-200209170-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Exercise is one of the most potent interventions for both fall prevention and improvement of mobility dysfunction. Dr. Pierre is concerned that we omitted discussion of tai chi as being one of the best types of exercises for these purposes. We agree that tai chi is a beneficial form of exercise and discussed tai chi positively in the context of the variety of exercise regimens tested. However, although meta-analysis has confirmed the value of various types of exercises in preventing falls, tai chi has not yet been shown to be superior to other types of balance, strengthening, and ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Laurence Z. Rubenstein, MD, MPH; Christopher M. Powers, PhD, PT; Catherine H. MacLean, MD, PhDAffiliations: Sepulveda Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Sepulveda, CA 91343University of Southern California; Los Angeles, CA 90033RAND; Santa Monica, CA 90407 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoQuality Indicators for the Management and Prevention of Falls and Mobility Problems in Vulnerable Elders Laurence Z. Rubenstein , Christopher M. Powers , and Catherine H. MacLean Quality Indicators for the Management and Prevention of Falls and Mobility Problems in Vulnerable Elders Laurence Z. Rubenstein , Christopher M. Powers , and Catherine H. MacLean Quality Indicators for Management and Prevention of Falls M. Stella Pierre Metrics 17 September 2002Volume 137, Issue 6Page: 546KeywordsExerciseFallsQuality indicators ePublished: 17 September 2002 Issue Published: 17 September 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Perspective from Khao-I-Dang refugee camp.
Authors: N R Buist
Journal: BMJ (1980)

I am the physician on duty tonight in this hospital of 900 beds, and, as such, I am charged with overall responsibility for most of the inmates. Fortunately, there is a skeleton crew on duty over in surgery, where some 35 wounded were brought in today from a skirmish out on the border  of Makmun (now razed) about 20 km away. We do not know for certain who was wounded by whom, whose shells and bullets have wreaked this havoc, but, as always, rumours are rife : It was the Viets shelling the camp (but God knows for what reason);  was a battle between the Khmer Serai and the Khmer Rouge;  was an internecine power struggle between rival factions over some lucrative gold or smuggling trade; or It was the Thai military that attacked. When faced with this unnecessary carnage, who of us cares what the reasons for the attack are ? There lies a woman dying from a major wound in her thorax; there is no more to do. There is a man who is now legless from walking into a landmine outside the camp. As I write this, there is a sudden flurry of small-arms fire and the unpleasantly loud crump of 79s. These noises come from about 400 yards away, where a column of refugees, fleeing from the battle of today and the beastliness of life in Kampuchea, has encountered a patrol of the Thai military, whose task is to prevent any more refugees from entering this camp.* And in this miniature scenario the whole frightful problem can be crystallised.
Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma Stone MJ, Klintmalm GBG, Polter D, Husberg BS, Mennel RG, Ramsay MAE, Flemens EE, Goldstein RM. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: a pilot study in 20 patients. Gastroenterology 1993; 104: 196–202
Authors: A Venook
Journal: Hepatology (1993)
Tobacco executive goes public over company lies
Authors: J. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1996)

After months of being stifled by threats, a former executive of a US tobacco company testified last week about how he and fellow executives knew explicitly that nicotine is addictive. His testimony was taken as part of a lawsuit by the state of Mississippi, which is seeking payments from the tobacco company for state money spent treating people with diseases related to smoking. At least seven other states …
The Origin of Clinical Organ Transplantation Revisited
Authors: Thomas E. Starzl
Journal: JAMA (2009)

A patient whose illness had begun with edema and hypertension was found to have extreme atrophy of both kidneys. Because of the steady worsening of the condition and the appearance of uremia with other unfavorable diagnostic signs, transplantation of 1 kidney from the patient's identical healthy twin brother was undertaken. Preparations included collection of evidence of monozygosity and experimental transplantation of a skin graft from the twin. During the transfer of the healthy kidney, it was totally ischemic for 82 minutes. Evidence of functional activity in the transplanted kidney was obtained. The hypertension persisted until the patient's diseased kidneys were both removed. The homograft has survived for 11 months, and the marked clinical improvement in the patient has included disappearance of the signs of malignant hypertension.See PDF for full text of the original JAMA article.
Breast cancer genes and the pill reduce cancer risk
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The regular use of oral contraceptives seems to halve the chance of developing ovarian cancer among women who inherit BRCA1 and BRCA2, two faulty genes that put them at high risk for the disease.

Doctors have known for years that oral contraceptives reduce the risk of ovarian cancer by as much as half among women in general. The new study examined whether those benefits extend to women whose risk resulted from inheriting BRCA1 and BRCA2. While …
TGF-β Receptor Inhibitors Target the CD44high/Id1high Glioma-Initiating Cell Population in Human Glioblastoma
Authors: Judit Anido, Andrea Sáez-Borderías, Alba Gonzàlez-Juncà, Laura Rodón, Gerard Folch, Maria A. Carmona, Rosa M. Prieto-Sánchez, Ignasi Barba, Elena Martínez-Sáez, Ludmila Prudkin, Isabel Cuartas, Carolina Raventós, Francisco Martínez-Ricarte, M. Antonia Poca, David García-Dorado, Michael M. Lahn, Jonathan M. Yingling, Jordi Rodón, Juan Sahuquillo, José Baselga, Joan Seoane
Journal: Cancer Cell (2010)
Identification of cyclosporine A and tacrolimus glucuronidation in human liver and the gastrointestinal tract by a differentially expressed UDP-glucuronosyltransferase: UGT2B7
Authors: Christian P Strassburg, Ayse Barut, Petra Obermayer-Straub, Qing Li, Nghia Nguyen, Robert H Tukey, Michael P Manns
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Anti I-A antibody suppresses active encephalomyelitis: treatment model for diseases linked to IR genes.
Authors: S Sriram, L Steinman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

To test the clinical relevance of monoclonal anti-I-A antibody in autoimmune disease, we investigated the effects of such a therapy in acute and chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) by instituting treatment after the onset of paralytic signs and following the clinical course. In chronic relapsing EAE, animals treated with anti-I-As antibody had no mortality and fewer relapses when compared with control animals. Antibody levels to myelin basic protein were lower and histopathology showed milder lesions in the treated group. Similarly, in the acute EAE model, animals treated with anti-I-As antibody showed a dramatic reversal of paralytic signs and a rapid recovery. The mechanisms of action of antibody to IR gene products in autoimmune disease are discussed.
Prescribing exercise in general practice
Authors: S Iliffe, S S Tai, M Gould, M Thorogood, M Hillsdon
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Exercise is good for us, especially as we get older.1, 2 People who are regularly active enjoy a lower risk of osteoporosis and a much reduced risk of coronary heart disease (the vigorously active have about half the risk of the inactive). Most people in Britain are not taking enough exercise to achieve these health benefits.3, 4

If primary health care teams could increase their practice populations' physical activity then many benefits might follow, including lower rates of cardiovascular disease, fewer fractured hips, reduced depression and anxiety, and improved functional ability in elderly people. Although this list makes promotion of healthy exercise look tempting, primary health care teams, and the policymakers who determine allocation of resources, should look carefully before they leap.

Very little is known about the effectiveness of exercise programmes and other initiatives designed …
Diabetes in First-Degree Family Members: A Predictor of Type 2 Diabetes in 159 Nonscreening Alabama Hemochromatosis Probands With <i>HFE</i> C282Y Homozygosity
Authors: James C. Barton, J. Clayborn Barton, Ronald T. Acton
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

OBJECTIVE We sought to identify predictors of diabetes diagnosed before hemochromatosis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied these 16 variables in 159 nonscreening hemochromatosis probands with HFE C282Y homozygosity: age; sex; BMI; diabetes reports in first-degree family members (dichotomous); heavy ethanol consumption; cigarette smoking; elevated serum alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase levels; nonalcoholic fatty liver; chronic viral hepatitis; cirrhosis; hand arthropathy; iron removed by phlebotomy; and positivity for HLA-A*01, B*08; A*03, B*07; and A*03, B*14 haplotypes. We performed univariable and multivariable analyses. RESULTS Twenty-three probands (14.5%) had diabetes; 19 were men. Each of the 23 probands had type 2 diabetes. Mean BMI was greater in probands with diabetes (31.7 ± 8.5 [SD] kg/m(2) vs. 27.6 ± 5.1 kg/m(2); P = 0.032). Reports of any first-degree family member with diabetes were more prevalent in probands with than in probands without diabetes (69.6 vs. 17.6%; P < 0.0001). In probands with diabetes, the odds ratio (OR) of maternal diabetes was 6.7 (95% CI 2.3-19.7; P = 0.0005) and of sibling diabetes was 11.7 (3.0-45.5; P = 0.0004). In a logistic regression model, predictors of diabetes at hemochromatosis diagnosis in 159 probands were diabetes reports in family members (OR 8.5 [95% CI 2.9-24.8]; P < 0.0001) and BMI (1.1 [1.0-1.2]; P = 0.049). This model explained 26.0% of total deviance contributing to diabetes. CONCLUSIONS In nonscreening hemochromatosis probands with HFE C282Y homozygosity, a heritable factor(s) increases the risk of diabetes diagnosed before hemochromatosis.