tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prophylaxis of Paludism.
Authors: W. L. Schenck
Journal: JAMA (1895)

New Castle, Colo., July 1, 1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Under this caption, in the last number of theJournal, is a quotation from Noel: Any prophylaxis with the oft applied agent, quinin, belongs rather to the field of practical medicine than hygiene. Those who adopt the old-time theory of malaria-swamp poison, or the more recent one of micrococci-malaria,until they have arrested the beneficent action of the sun rays that carry the waters of the ocean to the " dry and thirsty land," or destroyed the microscopic entities that abound in all paludal regions will probably find in medication with anti-periodics their chief prophylaxis. Wherever evaporation is abundant there will be hot days and cool nights, with the enervating and chilling influences of dampness. During the chill of night there will be contraction of the capillaries of the periphera and consequent hyperemia, with engorgement and congestion of central organs, followed, soon or
Pediatric Anesthesia Monitoring
Authors: William M. Daly
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Precordial stethoscopic monitoring is a valuable adjunct in pediatric anesthesia management; however, maintaining the usual style chest piece in proper contact with the chest wall during surgical gymnastics (without the dangers of dislodgement or of producing an area of pressure ischemia to the underlying skin) has always been a problem. With the advent of the stethoscope transducer, I have been gratified with the results of the following refinement of this technique, ie, apply a coat of compound tincture of benzoin and allow it to dry for a few moments; then attach a pediatricsize stethoscope transducer over the left nipple area so both respiratory and cardiac sounds are plainly audible (Fig 1). The stethoscope transducer will adhere tightly to the skin without danger of pressure damage. As further insurance against movement of the stethoscope transducer, surgical tape can be used to reinforce the application (Fig 2). The intimate
Stem cell therapy for chronic liver disease choosing the right tools for the job
Authors: S. J Forbes
Journal: Gut (2008)

The liver has a fantastic regenerative capacity but, following chronic liver damage, this begins to fail, and then fibrosis, and eventually cirrhosis, develops.1 Currently the only curative treatment for advanced liver cirrhosis is liver transplant. Although liver transplant has become a procedure with a relatively good 5-year survival, organ donation has not kept up with demand, which has resulted in an increasing number of patients on the liver transplant waiting list waiting longer for a donor organ, which leads to increased morbidity and mortality.2 Furthermore it is estimated that over the next few years there will be a 5-fold increase in the need for liver transplantation in the UK.3 Although there is emerging evidence that extending the donor organ criteria may impact on this mortality rate,4 there is clearly still an urgent need to develop alternative strategies for the treatment of advanced liver disease, and numerically cirrhosis is the most important target. It is with this background that there has been understandable enthusiasm for the development of stem cell therapies for liver regeneration.

Bone marrow (BM) stem cells have been intensively investigated as a potential source of liver stem cells and as a means to regenerate the cirrhotic liver, and it is worth briefly outlining why they have attracted this attention. There are a population of intrahepatic progenitor cells, termed oval cells in rodents, which can take over liver regeneration when the usual mode of regeneration, via division of mature hepatocytes, begins to fail. It was suggested some time ago that these cells expressed the haematopoeitic stem cell marker THY-15 (though this is now disputed), and it was therefore postulated that these oval cells were originating from the BM. Indeed initial experiments supported this hypothesis.6 Furthermore, following analysis of both mouse BM transplant models …
Analogue model for the analysis of radiocardiograms
Authors: T. Heiskanen
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1971)

Journal Article Analogue model for the analysis of radiocardiograms Get access Timo Heiskanen Timo Heiskanen From Helsinki University Central Hospital, Meilahti Hospital, Helsinki 29, Finland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 5, Issue 3, July 1971, Pages 268–276, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/5.3.268 Published: 01 July 1971
COMPOSITION OF THE RENAL MEDULLA DURING WATER DIURESIS*
Authors: Howard Levitin, Alvin Goodman, Gilles Pigeon, Franklin H. Epstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1962)

During antidiuresis, sodium is concentrated in the papilla and medulla of mammalian kidneys as a result of active sodium reabsorption from medullary tubules and countercurrent flow through the loops of Henle and the medullary capillaries.It is clear from chemical (1) and cryoscopic (2, 3) analysis of sections of kidney, and from direct mi- cropuncture (4-6), that under these circumstances the osmolality of medullary interstitial fluid is ap- proximately that of collecting-duct urine and that sodium concentration rises progressively along a gradient from cortex to medulla.The precise role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in establishing and maintaining this gradient is not entirely clear, partly because comparable studies in the absence of vasopressin (i.e., during water diuresis) have been more difficult to accomplish.Ullrich, Jarausch and Drenckhahn demonstrated that the osmolality and sodium concentration of papillary water approached that of peripheral plasma in dogs during water diuresis (1, 7).That medullary interstitial fluid is actually hyper- tonic to plasma in the absence of ADH was sug- gested by the demonstration (8) that compression of the renal artery of one kidney during water diuresis led to production of hypertonic urine by that kidney.Recently, Bray reported that the melting point of the contents of small medullary
British man with schizophrenia faces death sentence in Pakistan for blasphemy
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A 69 year old British man has been sentenced to death by a court in the Pakistani city of Rawalpindi after he was convicted of blasphemy, despite evidence from a psychiatrist that he has had depression, psychoses, and schizophrenia for 20 years.

Mohammad Asghar, who is thought to have family in Scotland, was arrested in 2010 after writing letters to various people claiming to be a prophet, reports said.

His lawyers were believed to have been removed from the court by the judge on 24 January and unable to give evidence. They were to seek an urgent appeal of his …
Energy Constraints on the Evolution of Gene Expression
Authors: Andreas Wagner
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

I here estimate the energy cost of changes in gene expression for several thousand genes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A doubling of gene expression, as it occurs in a gene duplication event, is significantly selected against for all genes for which expression data is available. It carries a median selective disadvantage of s > 10−5, several times greater than the selection coefficient s = 1.47 × 10−7 below which genetic drift dominates a mutant's fate. When considered separately, increases in messenger RNA expression or protein expression by more than a factor 2 also have significant energy costs for most genes. This means that the evolution of transcription and translation rates is not an evolutionarily neutral process. They are under active selection opposing them. My estimates are based on genome-scale information of gene expression in the yeast S. cerevisiae as well as information on the energy cost of biosynthesizing amino acids and nucleotides.
When We Met (for Katie)
Authors: David L. Schiedermayer
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Little one we loved, we met you first in your mother's womb. The echoes opened your tiny form layer by layer: skull, brain circle of Willis; vertebrae, heart, lungs. You were dying. The ocean rushed in our ears. Our hearts stopped. Yours never let us know you, little one we loved; we met you only in your mother's womb.
GMC censures professor for not disclosing conflict of interest
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

James Owen Drife, who was a member of the General Medical Council for 10 years, has been censured by the council for providing inaccurate job references on behalf of a surgeon who was later disgraced and struck off.

Professor Drife, professor of obstetrics at Leeds University Medical School and former vice president of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, twice gave references for the gynaecologist Richard Neale that failed to mention that Mr Neale had been cautioned by police for an incident in a public toilet.

Professor Drife was also a medical screener for the GMC's disciplinary body in 2000 when he reviewed a complaint lodged against Mr Neale by North Yorkshire Police. He …
Tim-3/galectin-9 signaling pathway mediates T-cell dysfunction and predicts poor prognosis in patients with hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hang Li, Ke Wu, Kaixiong Tao, Libo Chen, Qichang Zheng, Xiaoming Lu, Jun Liu, Liang Shi, Chuanqiao Liu, Guobin Wang, Weiping Zou
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

The interaction between T cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecule (Tim-3) expressed on T helper 1 (Th1) cells, and its ligand, galectin-9, negatively regulates Th1-mediated immune responses. However, it is poorly understood if and how the Tim-3/galectin-9 signaling pathway is involved in immune escape in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we studied the expression, function, and regulation of the Tim-3/galectin-9 pathway in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated HCC. We detected different levels of galectin-9 expression on antigen-presenting cell (APC) subsets including Kupffer cells (KCs), myeloid dendritic cells (DCs), and plasmacytoid DCs in HCC. The highest galectin-9 expression was on KCs in HCC islets, not in the adjacent tissues. Furthermore, Tim-3 expression was increased on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in HCC as compared to the adjacent tissues, and Tim-3+ T cells were replicative senescent and expressed surface and genetic markers for senescence. Interestingly, tumor-infiltrating T-cell-derived interferon (IFN)-γ stimulated the expression of galectin-9 on APCs in the HCC microenvironment. Immunofluorescence staining revealed a colocalization of Tim-3+ T cells and galectin-9+ KCs in HCC. Functional studies demonstrated that blockade of the Tim-3/galectin-9 signaling pathway importantly increased the functionality of tumor-infiltrating Tim-3+ T cells as shown by increased T-cell proliferation and effector cytokine production. Finally, we show that the numbers of Tim-3+ tumor-infiltrating cells were negatively associated with patient survival. Conclusion : Our work demonstrates that the Tim-3/galectin-9 signaling pathway mediates T-cell senescence in HBV-associated HCC. The data suggest that this pathway could be an immunotherapeutic target in patients with HBV-associated HCC. (Hepatology 2012)
Lung function and bronchial reactivity in farmers.
Authors: M Iversen, R Dahl, E J Jensen, J Korsgaard, T Hallas
Journal: Thorax (1989)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and type of lung function disorders in Danish farmers. Three samples of farmers were drawn from a group of unselected farmers who had participated in an epidemiological study. Group I (47 persons) was a sample of the 8% of all farmers who had reported that they had asthma; group II (63 persons) was a sample of the 28% of farmers who had had wheezing, shortness of breath, or cough without phlegm; and group III (34 persons) a sample of the farmers (64% of the total) who had no asthma and no respiratory symptoms. The farmers with symptoms (groups I and II) had low mean levels of FEV1 and high values for residual volume, whereas the symptomless farmers had normal lung function and no airways obstruction. The proportion of farmers with an FEV1 below the 95% confidence limit for predicted values was 43% in group I and 23% in group II; there were none in group III. Bronchial hyperreactivity to histamine occurred in 96% of asthmatic farmers, 67% of farmers with wheezing or shortness of breath, and 59% of symptomless farmers. A low level of FEV1 was associated with the number of years in pig farming and bronchial hyperreactivity in group II but not group I or III. Most of the bronchial hyperreactivity was explained in the multiple regression analysis by a low FEV1, though this was significant only for farmers in group II. Thus farmers who reported asthma, wheezing, shortness of breath, or a dry cough in general had airways obstruction with an increased residual volume, whereas symptomless farmers had normal lung function. Severe bronchial hyperreactivity was mostly explained by a diagnosis of asthma and poor lung function, though some farmers with normal lung function and no respiratory symptoms had increased bronchial reactivity.
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor production by human bone marrow fibroblasts stimulated with interleukins
Authors: Yoshiaki Ogawa, Shuji Yonekura, Tadami Nagao
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a cytokine that mediates the clonal proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells into mature granulocytes. The kinetics of G-CSF production by human bone marrow fibroblasts (BMF) were investigated by quantitative immunoassays. The spontaneous production of G-CSF by BMF was below the detectable level. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) induced a dose-dependent production of G-CSF, and the production reached a plateau at 50 U/ml of IL-1. G-CSF production by BMF stimulated with IL-1 was cell concentration dependent. Detectable G-CSF was produced by 5 x 10(2) BMF in a 35 x 10-mm plastic dish. The optimal range was 1 x 10(4)-5 x 10(4) BMF. Production of newly synthesized G-CSF was detectable 6 hr after stimulation and continued for approximately 48 hr. A 6-hr pulse exposure to IL-1 was necessary to induce production of G-CSF, and after 48 hr, the adherent BMF could not be restimulated. IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6 were unable to induce G-CSF production. However, IL-4 promoted G-CSF production after stimulation with IL-1. These results provide useful data with regard to the mechanism of G-CSF production by human BMF.
Diseases of the Skin
Authors: S W Becker
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1959)

Two new textbooks of dermatology have appeared recently which differ greatly in style and in their treatment of the subject. Dr. Sutton had the task of bringing a former edition up to date, but in so doing the book had to be entirely rewritten. There is a splendid bibliography which gives the advanced student a fine framework of literature for more detailed information when needed. The book is entirely acceptable as an advanced text, particularly for residents in dermatology. I do not believe it should be recommended for the undergraduate student except for assigned reading
EFFECT OF PHOSPHODIESTERASE TYPE 5 (PDE-5) INHIBITION ON CORONARY MICROVASCULAR DYSFUNCTION IN WOMEN: AN ANCILLARY STUDY FROM THE NHLBI-SPONSORED WOMEN’S ISCHEMIA SYNDROME EVALUATION (WISE)
Authors: Scott J. Denardo, Sheron Wen, Eileen M. Handberg, Anthony A. Bavry, R. David Anderson, Karen M. Smith, C. Noel Bairey-Merz, George Sopko, Rhonda M. Cooper-DeHoff, Carl J. Pepine
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
TCT-780 BLEEDING AFTER TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT ENDPOINT DEFINITIONS AND IMPACT ON CLINICAL OUTCOMES
Authors: Stefan Stortecky, Giulio G. Stefanini, Julie Rat-Wirtzler, Fabienne Luterbacher, Thomas Pilgrim, Crochan J O'Sullivan, Lutz Buellesfeld, Ahmed Khattab, Bernhard Meier, Peter Wenaweser, Stephan Windecker
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc Scores in the Prediction of Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation After Catheter Ablation
Authors: Tze-Fan Chao, Yenn-Jiang Lin, Hsuan-Ming Tsao, Chin-Feng Tsai, Wei-Shiang Lin, Shih-Lin Chang, Li-Wei Lo, Yu-Feng Hu, Ta-Chuan Tuan, Kazuyoshi Suenari, Cheng-Hung Li, Beny Hartono, Hung-Yu Chang, Kibos Ambrose, Tsu-Juey Wu, Shih-Ann Chen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Critics attack transfer of responsibility for drugs in Europe
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The decision by the incoming European Commission president, Jean-Claude Juncker, to transfer responsibility for health technology, pharmaceuticals, and the European Medicines Agency over the next five years away from the commission’s health directorate to its industry counterpart has provoked an outcry from public health professionals.

The transfer reverses the decision by Juncker’s predecessor, Jose Manuel Barroso, five years ago to move the drugs and medical devices brief and the medicines agency away from the industry directorate to health. The U turn has prompted fears that business considerations will weigh more heavily than medical ones when future legislation or drug authorisation is being considered.

The …
Electrocardiographic Comparison of Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients With Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy and Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Tachycardia
Authors: Kurt S. Hoffmayer, Orlando N. Machado, Gregory M. Marcus, Yanfei Yang, Colleen J. Johnson, Simon Ermakov, Eric Vittinghoff, Ulhas Pandurangi, Hugh Calkins, David Cannom, Kathleen C. Gear, Crystal Tichnell, Young Park, Wojciech Zareba, Frank I. Marcus, Melvin M. Scheinman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Hypoghycaemic effect of oxytetracycline.
Authors: J. B. Miller
Journal: BMJ (1966)

MEDIBusH 1007 to the pump-head, for only in this way can air embolism be prevented.It is not enough to use one clamp only, between the oxygenator and the leak, for air may still enter the tube through the defect due to a Venturi effect as the roller passes over it, and then pass into the patient's arterial system.-Weare, etc.,
Osteoprotegerin Is an Independent Predictor of Vascular Events in Finnish Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Daniel Gordin, Aino Soro-Paavonen, Merlin C. Thomas, Valma Harjutsalo, Markku Saraheimo, Mette Bjerre, Carol Forsblom, Allan Flyvbjerg, Per-Henrik Groop
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

OBJECTIVE Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is involved in the process of vascular calcification. We investigated whether OPG is associated with the development and progression of diabetes complications in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Serum OPG was measured in 1,939 adults with T1D participating in the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy (FinnDiane) Study. Patients with end-stage renal disease (dialysis or transplantation) at baseline were excluded from analysis. Data on cardiovascular (CV) events and mortality during follow-up were verified from hospital discharge registries (ICD codes) and the Finnish National Death Registry, respectively. The follow-up time was 10.4 ± 2.0 (mean ± SD) years. RESULTS Only patients with macroalbuminuria and/or renal impairment had elevated OPG concentrations, when compared with participants without overt kidney disease. Patients with retinopathy or CV disease also had higher OPG concentrations, but this was attributable to their higher frequency of chronic kidney disease. OPG predicted an incident CV event (hazard ratio 1.21 [95% CI 1.01–1.45]; P = 0.035) and peripheral vascular disease/amputation events (1.46 [1.13–1.88]; P = 0.004) during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS We showed that serum OPG is an independent predictor of CV complications. OPG may be directly involved in extraosseous calcification, resulting in stiffening of the arteries and subsequent vascular insufficiency in patients with T1D.
Implications of inflammatory changes on cervical cytology
Authors: D. Luesley, F. Lawton
Journal: BMJ (1990)

leucocytes, in addition, does not automatically imply inflammation.As is known, these non- discrete criteria lend themselves to extensive interobserver variation in reporting.The statement that the study population was selected solely by returned cytology forms implies that no single observer reported the results of all of the tests.Indeed, the results were probably reported by many observers of varying ability and experience.It would have been prudent to have had a single cvtopathologist to review all of the preparations in this study.Furthermore, the fact that some slides were unsatisfactory shows that the selection was flawed.It is worth noting that many of the infections discussed may be identified from cytological preparations: Candida albicans, Gardnerella vaginalis, Trichomonas vaginalis, and herpes simplex virus.If identified these may be listed as
Transitional objects and borderline personality disorder
Authors: W Cardasis, J A Hochman, K R Silk
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1997)

The relationship of possession of transitional objects to the borderline personality disorder diagnosis was explored in a psychiatric inpatient setting. It was hypothesized that a greater proportion of inpatients who bring objects of special meaning with them to the hospital have borderline personality disorder.Psychiatric inpatients (N = 146) were administered a semistructured interview to determine the presence of special (i.e., transitional) objects in the hospital, at home, or during childhood. Borderline personality disorder was determined by criteria on a DSM-III-R borderline personality disorder checklist and by DSM-III-R discharge diagnosis.Significantly more patients who endorsed having transitional objects in the hospital or at home had the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive power, and negative predictive power of the possession of the transitional object for the borderline personality disorder diagnosis were calculated. Specificity was higher than sensitivity, and negative predictive power was higher than positive predictive power in each instance. While these results suggest that absence of a transitional object is more likely to be associated with absence of borderline personality disorder than the presence of a transitional object is with the presence of borderline personality disorder, the sensitivity of a transitional object during adulthood to predict a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder was 63%, and the positive predictive power was 45%.A transitional object brought to the hospital may help remind the inpatient with borderline personality disorder of home or provide soothing during separation from home. The persistence of transitional objects into adulthood may inform the therapist of possible transference paradigms that may develop in treatment.
Dissecting the Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Prostate Cancer Risk: Analysis of a Large Clinical Cohort
Authors: Bimal Bhindi, Jennifer Locke, Shabbir M.H. Alibhai, Girish S. Kulkarni, David S. Margel, Robert J. Hamilton, Antonio Finelli, John Trachtenberg, Alexandre R. Zlotta, Ants Toi, Karen M. Hersey, Andrew Evans, Theodorus H. van der Kwast, Neil E. Fleshner
Journal: European Urology (2014)