tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products and risk of liver cancer
Authors: Kristin A. Moy, Li Jiao, Neal D. Freedman, Stephanie J. Weinstein, Rashmi Sinha, Jarmo Virtamo, Demetrius Albanes, Rachael Z. Stolzenberg-Solomon
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Binding of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) to their receptor (RAGE) increases oxidative stress and inflammation and may be involved in liver injury and subsequent carcinogenesis. Soluble RAGE (sRAGE) may neutralize the effects mediated by the AGE/RAGE complex. Epidemiologic studies examining sRAGE or AGEs in association with liver cancer are lacking. We examined the associations between prediagnostic serum concentrations of sRAGE or Nϵ-(carboxymethyl)-lysine (CML)-AGE and hepatocellular carcinoma in a case-cohort study within a cohort of 29,133 Finnish male smokers who completed questionnaires and provided a fasting blood sample between 1985 and 1988. During follow-up beginning 5 years after enrollment through April 2006, 145 liver cancers occurred. Serum concentrations of sRAGE, CML-AGE, glucose, and insulin were measured in case subjects and 485 randomly sampled cohort participants. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) were available in most cases and in a subset of the study population. Weighted Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for age, years of smoking, and body mass index. sRAGE and CML-AGE concentrations were inversely associated with liver cancer. Further adjustment for glucose and insulin or exclusion of case subjects with chronic HBV or HCV did not change the associations.
Talk to People About Dying—They Can Handle It, Say Geriatricians and Patients
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1993)

PEOPLE, physicians and patients alike, tend not to like to talk about death. That may be why good compliance has yet to translate into success for a law requiring that everyone admitted to a hospital be told about their rights to advance directives and proxies. Since the Patient Self-determination Act went into effect in November 1991, there apparently have not been many more people than before filling out legal documents that detail how they wish to be cared for or who should make decisions for them when they are unable to speak for themselves. Nor is there evidence of a measurable decrease in end-of-life health care costs, as proponents had hoped. In most cases, people are merely handed written material that describes advance directives, asked if they have one, "and that's about it," says Alexandra Gekas, director of the American Hospital Association's National Society for Patient Representatives and Consumer Affairs.
Presentation of Atrial Septal Defect in Infancy
Authors: Warren H. Toews
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Four patients with atrial septal defects and congestive heart failure in the first year of life had none of the classic auscultatory findings of atrial septal defect. Three of four had murmurs suggestive of innocent pulmonaryartery branch stenosis. (<i>JAMA</i>234:1250-1251, 1975)
Synergistic Induction of Folate Receptor β by All-<i>Trans</i> Retinoic Acid and Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Cells: Mechanism and Utility in Enhancing Selective Growth Inhibition by Antifolates
Authors: Huiling Qi, Manohar Ratnam
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract The folate receptor (FR) type β is a promising target for therapeutic intervention in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), owing particularly to its selective up-regulation in the leukemic cells by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Here we show, using KG-1 and MV4-11 AML cells and recombinant 293 cells, that the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors trichostatin A (TSA), valproic acid (VPA), and FK228 potentiated ATRA induction of FR-β gene transcription and FR-β mRNA/protein expression. ATRA and/or TSA did not induce de novo FR synthesis in any of a variety of FR-negative cell lines tested. TSA did not alter the effect of ATRA on the expression of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) α, β, or γ. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicate that HDAC inhibitors act on the FR-β gene by enhancing RAR-associated histone acetylation to increase the association of Sp1 with the basal FR-β promoter. Under these conditions, the expression level of Sp1 is unaltered. A decreased availability of putative repressor AP-1 proteins may also indirectly contribute to the effect of HDAC inhibitors. Finally, FR-β selectively mediated growth inhibition by (6S) dideazatetrahydrofolate in a manner that was greatly potentiated in AML cells by ATRA and HDAC inhibition. Therefore, the combination of ATRA and innocuous HDAC inhibitors may be expected to facilitate selective FR-β–targeted therapies in AML. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(11): 5875-82)
Cigarette Sales to Minors Through Vending Machines-Reply
Authors: Joe B. Tye
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In Reply.—  Mr Reed has several objections to our study. First, he indicates that the 8% figure of vending machine cigarette sales that we cited is now 5%. The most recent data we have comes from theUS Distribution Journal,1in which a tobacco industry spokesperson reports 1987 data corroborating the 8% figure. Mr Reed is quoted extensively in the article.  Second, Mr Reed questions our research methods but does not explain his objections. He also takes issue with our conclusions and suggests that we have not used long-established facts and available information. We find it interesting that Mr Reed did not respond to the facts and information found in our study. Specifically, how does he explain our findings that minors were able to purchase cigarettes from every single vending machine (30 of 30) they visited, without questions? Unlike over-the-counter sales, a comprehensive community education program did not reduce
HLA studies in IgM rheumatoid-factor-positive arthritis of childhood.
Authors: L E Clemens, E Albert, B M Ansell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1983)

The clinical course of children with IgM rheumatoid-factor-positive chronic arthritis closely resembles that of seropositive rheumatoid disease in adults. The frequency of HLA DR4 is known to be increased in adults with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, but the first major report on childhood arthritis did not suggest a correlation, though only 8 seropositive cases were included. Fifty-two children with polyarthritis beginning before the age of 16 who persistently carried IgM rheumatoid factor were studied. HLA DR4 was present in 60% of these children but was found in only 29% of 93 patients with seronegative juvenile arthritis and 27% of a normal adult population. These results suggest immunogenetic similarities in patients with seropositive arthritis irrespective of age of onset.
Low-Molecular-Weight Dextran Therapy in Experimental Pancreatitis
Authors: Marion C. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Recent reports have suggested that low-viscosity colloids may be of value in the treatment of pancreatitis.1Dextran preparation with an average molecular weight of 40,000 has been shown to improve flow through areas where circulation has become impaired, and thus minimize cellular aggregation associated with reduced flow and maintain viability of tissues.2  In pancreatitis vascular injury ranges from a mild alteration of permeability in pancreatic edema to a necrotizing vasculitis in pancreatic necrosis. In the animal used for experimental purposes pancreatic edema evoked by an intraductal injection of trypsin can be converted to necrotizing pancreatitis by partial interruption of venous drainage from the pancreas.3This finding suggests that progression from a simple pancreatic edema to pancreatic necrosis depends, at least in part, upon the adequacy of flow in the local circulation. Accordingly, agents which improve flow through vessels involved by stasis should prevent this transition from an
Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis
Authors: J. ARTHUR MYERS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Letters and Comments1 February 1970Pathogenesis of TuberculosisJ. ARTHUR MYERS, M.D.J. ARTHUR MYERS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-2-285 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: It has been so long since some of the fundamental facts pertaining to tuberculosis were established that they apparently have not come to the attention of all physicians. For example, in an article by Dr. William W. Stead and coauthors entitled "The Clinical Spectrum of Primary Tuberculosis in Adults. Confusion with Reinfection in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Tuberculosis" (Ann Intern Med 68:731-745, 1968) reference is not made to the thoroughly documented work on pathogenesis by eminent physicians who demonstrated that the clinical type of tuberculosis is caused by endogenous reinfection (1).When tubercle bacilli are first focalized...References1. KRAUSE A: The anatomical structure of tubercle from histogenesis to cavity. Amer Rev Tuberc 15:137, 1927 Google Scholar2. PATERSON R: The pleural reaction to inoculation with tubercle bacilli in vaccinated and normal guinea pigs. Amer Rev Tuberc 1:353, 1917 Google Scholar3. RICHMCCORDOCK AH: The pathogenesis of tuberculous meningitis. Bull Johns Hopkins Hospital 52:5, 1933 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: College of Medical Sciences University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minn. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1970Volume 72, Issue 2Page: 285-285KeywordsPathogenesis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Platelets and Vascular Thrombosis
Authors: Laurence A. Harker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Heart attacks and strokes are usually caused by thrombo-occlusive events at sites of atherosclerotic stenosis and plaque rupture1. These thrombotic processes are generally mediated by thrombin, dependent on the action of platelets, and not completely responsive to conventional therapy with aspirin and heparin2,3. Resistant thrombi may also form after vascular procedures commonly performed for the treatment of symptomatic atherosclerotic disease, including coronary angioplasty, various types of atherectomy, placement of endovascular stents, endarterectomy, and implantation of small-caliber vascular grafts4,5. In fact, abrupt vessel closure and coronary restenosis are the two most difficult problems limiting the success . . .
Diagnosis of Subdural Hematoma
Authors: Federico Vazquez Villa
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The points brought out by Drs. McLaurin and Shapiro emphasize the importance of routine x-ray film series examinations of the skull in cases of head trauma. From the standpoint of a student, their respective discussions could have been completed only by the inclusion of the fact that a good percentage of subdural hematomas are bilateral, so that a history typical of subdural hematoma with neurological and behavioral changes in the absence of midline shift of calcified structures does not exclude the diagnosis, requiring, then, either a bilateral carotid angiogram or a bilateral burr-hole procedure.
STUDIES ON ORGANOGENESIS
Authors: Raymond C. Parker
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1934)

1. Isolated blood cells, when placed for incubation in a plasma substratum, are capable of constructing highly organized, tubular processes that project from the explanted cell mass into the surrounding medium. 2. The tubular structures have fibrillar walls that may be covered, eventually, by a membranous layer of leukocytes. Their lumina contain blood cells suspended in fluid. 3. The formation of the tubules is initiated by the red cells. The leukocytes, and more particularly the thrombocytes, are responsible for the construction of the walls. 4. The phenomenon occurs only in the presence of plasma, the coagulation of which has been slightly delayed. Once the surrounding medium has become firmly coagulated, no further change occurs either in the length of the tubules or in their diameter. 5. The development of the tubules is not suppressed by substances that enhance cellular activity unless they induce, at the same time, the immediate coagulation of the medium. The addition of embryo tissue juice prevents their formation by producing early coagulation. 6. The phenomenon as a whole is dependent upon the physicochemical nature of the medium, the character and thickness of the explanted fragment, and the physical and physiological peculiarities of the cells that comprise it. It is the expression of various physicochemical and physiological events that have occurred in a definite order, or sequence.
Coalition scraps plan for adjudicator to judge doctors' fitness to practise
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The government has halted a move to replace the General Medical Council’s role as decision maker on doctors’ fitness to practise with a new independent adjudicator, the Office of the Health Professions Adjudicator (OHPA).

The office was set up by the former Labour government last January in response to a recommendation of the Shipman inquiry that the body deciding whether doctors in the United Kingdom are fit to practise should be independent of the profession’s regulator, the GMC. The inquiry, chaired by Janet Smith and which looked at the career of the serial killer GP Harold Shipman, …
The Use of Fresh-Frozen Plasma in Hereditary Angioedema-Reply
Authors: E. Shannon Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —The letter from Dr Lieberman raises an important point. We certainly did not intend to overlook the prophylactic use of fresh-frozen plasma for hereditary angioedema in some situations, and I agree that it is an appropriate indication. We thank Dr Lieberman for calling this limited but important indication to the attention of the readership. When the guideline is updated, the task force will consider adding such indications.
Detection of t(4;14)(p16.3;q32) Chromosomal Translocation in Multiple Myeloma by Double-Color Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization
Authors: Palma Finelli, Sonia Fabris, Savina Zagano, Luca Baldini, Daniela Intini, Lucia Nobili, Luigia Lombardi, Anna Teresa Maiolo, Antonino Neri
Journal: Blood (1999)
Re: Matthew E. Nielsen, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Pierre I. Karakiewicz et al. Advanced Age Is Associated with Poorer Bladder Cancer-Specific Survival in Patients Treated with Radical Cystectomy. Eur Urol 2007;51:699–708
Authors: Tommaso Cai, Riccardo Bartoletti
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Germline and somatic mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the MET proto-oncogene in papillary renal carcinomas
Authors: Laura Schmidt, Fuh-Mei Duh, Fan Chen, Takeshi Kishida, Gladys Glenn, Peter Choyke, Stephen W. Scherer, Zhenping Zhuang, Irina Lubensky, Michael Dean, Rando Allikmets, Abi Chidambaram, Ulf R. Bergerheim, J. Timothy Feltis, Carme Casadevall, Agustin Zamarron, Marta Bernues, Stephane Richard, C.J.M. Lips, McClellan M. Walther, Lap-Chee Tsui, Laura Geil, Mary Lou Orcutt, Thomas Stackhouse, Jami Lipan, Leah Slife, Hiltrud Brauch, Jochen Decker, Gloria Niehans, Michael D. Hughson, Holger Moch, Stephan Storkel, Michael I. Lerman, W. Marston Linehan, Berton Zbar
Journal: Nature Genetics (1997)
Subgenual Prefrontal Cortex Volumes in Major Depressive Disorder and Schizophrenia: Diagnostic Specificity and Prognostic Implications
Authors: William Coryell, Peg Nopoulos, Wayne Drevets, Thomine Wilson, Nancy C. Andreasen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

A variety of findings have implicated the portion of the anterior cingulate cortex ventral to the corpus callosum in the pathophysiology of familial depressive disorder. There are, as yet, few data to address the specificity of these abnormalities to depressive disorders or to characterize their stability over time.The authors studied 10 subjects who were judged to have had major depressive disorder with psychotic features, who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols, and who participated in a longitudinal study of recent-onset psychosis. These were group-matched to 10 subjects with schizophrenia and to 10 well comparison subjects. Volumetric measures were made of the posterior and anterior portions of the subgenual prefrontal cortex for these 30 subjects. Follow-up scans done an average of 4 years after intake were available for seven subjects with major depressive disorder, nine subjects with schizophrenia, and five well comparison subjects.Volumes of the left side of the posterior subgenual prefrontal cortex differed significantly by group and were smallest for the group with psychotic major depressive disorder. Volumes of the anterior subgenual prefrontal cortex did not differ significantly by group. Patients with major depressive disorder were more likely to show increases in posterior subgenual prefrontal cortex volume on follow-up than were comparison subjects or patients with schizophrenia.These findings add to the evidence that abnormalities in the subgenual region of the anterior cingulate play a role in at least some types of mood disorder.
Is fulminant B hepatitis more common among infants born to e antigen-negative carrier mothers?
Authors: Kunio Okuda
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

A total of 105 cases of fulminant hepatitis sen during the period fom January 1979 to December 1983 and filed by the pediatric services of major hospitals throughout Japan with the diagnostic criteria set by the 12th Inuyama Liver Symposium were analyzed. The male:Female atio was 2:1. Fifty-six per cent of he cases werre younge than 2 years and 29.5% were thought to be due to hepaitis B infection. The majority of B-type fulminant heptitis cases younger than 6 months not related to blood transfusion had been born to HBeAg-negative caie mohers. The overall ftality was 85.7% and there was no difference betwen the acutte and subacute varieties of fulminant hepatic failure.
Outflow Resistance as an Independent Determinant of Cardiac Performance
Authors: ELIAS S. IMPERIAL, MATTHEW N. LEVY, HARRISON ZIESKE
Journal: Circulation Research (1961)

In the modified heart-lung preparation of the dog, sudden increases in outflow resistance were imposed during the diastolic interval between two beats. The changes in cardiac performance which were recorded during the first beat at higher resistance represent the response to augmented resistance per se, since there was no change in the initial length or initial tension of the ventricular myocardial fibers. Increased resistance elicited an immediate elevation of the peak aortic systolic pressure. This pressure rise was a direct function of the magnitude of the outflow resistance, and the effect was enhanced at higher left atrial pressures. Peak aortic flow and stroke volume were inversely related to the magnitude of the outflow resistance. At slight to moderate increases of resistance, stroke work was relatively unaffected; with more severe augmentations of resistance, however, stroke work varied inversely with outflow resistance. Arterial compliance played an important role in the ventricular response. For any given increase of resistance, the reductions of peak aortic flow and ventricular power were more severe when the arterial system was more rigid. It is concluded that the limits of cardiac performance are determined by the initial conditions, such as fiber length or tension, previous activity, temperature, and nervous and humoral factors. Within these limits, however, ventricular performance is determined by the afterload, of which the outflow impedance is an integral component.
Nurse led care
Authors: Nicky Cullum, Karen Spilsbury, Gerry Richardson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

What's the difference between medical and nursing care? The answer is not straightforward, but shortages in the medical workforce mean that nurses are increasingly called on to undertake work that was previously done by doctors (such as undertaking surgery,1 prescribing drugs, performing triage in emergency departments), whereas shortages in the nursing workforce mean that healthcare assistants now do many tasks that nurses are trained to do. This fluidity in professional roles and competencies enables the health workforce to respond to need, but are outcomes for patients being improved? Do these benefits come at an additional cost, and if so, are they worth paying for?
Relationship of immediate and delayed hypersensitivity to nasopharyngeal and intestinal growth of <i>Candida albicans</i> in allergic subjects
Authors: A. Koivikko, K. Kalimo, E. Nieminen, M. Viander
Journal: Allergy (1988)

The growth of C. albicans yeast in the nasopharynx and in the anus as well as allergy symptoms were followed up for 8 months in 67 patients with bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and/or atopic eczema. 38 of the patients were skin prick test positive and 29 negative to C. albicans allergen extract. 32 of the patients had positive and 19 negative delayed skin reactions. The nasal, bronchial and skin symptoms of the yeast‐sensitive allergic patients were not associated with the nasopharyngeal nor anal occurrence of C. albicans or other yeasts. The use of nasal or inhaled steroids had no effect on the occurrence of Candida in the nasopharynx. It was observed that immediate skin sensitivity had a positive correlation and the delayed sensitivity a negative correlation with the occurrence of C. albicans growth in nasopharynx and anus. These findings are in agreement with the concept that impaired cell‐mediated immunity to C. albicans lead to increased IgE response. This may explain the increased liability towards C. albicans nasopharyngeal and gastrointestinal “saprophytic” growth.
Nuclear survivin in pN2 nonsmall cell lung cancer: prognostic and clinical implications
Authors: S. Mohamed, K. Yasufuku, T. Nakajima, K. Hiroshima, M. Chiyo, S. Yoshida, M. Suzuki, Y. Sekine, K. Shibuya, G. Agamy, H. El-Shahhat, T. Fujisawa, I. Yoshino
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

Patients with N2 nonsmall cell lung cancer (N2-NSCLC) represent heterogeneous groups. Survivin is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis family. If N2-NSCLC patients could be stratified, based on survivin expression and/or its relation to cell cycle proteins, into homogeneous subgroups, certain therapies could be selected for those patients. Survivin expression in 78 surgically resected primary pathological N2-NSCLC tumours was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Relationships of survivin expression to overall survival, clinical features and expression of six cell cycle-related proteins (pRb, cyclin D1, p16(INK4A), p53, p21(Waf1) and Ki-67) were analysed. Nuclear survivin and the number of mediastinal lymph node (LN) stations were independent prognostic factors. The patient group with combined negative survivin/single mediastinal LN station were the most favourable prognostic group, and was related to the clinical nodal factor. Indeed, patients with negative survivin/low Ki-67 labelling indices had the best survival, especially in nonsquamous histopathology. The current authors conclude that nuclear survivin is strongly related to lymph node metastasis and proliferative potentials in pathological N2 nonsmall cell lung cancer patients. Pre-operative N2 nonsmall cell lung cancer patients with combined negative nuclear survivin and a single mediastinal lymph node station, or low proliferative indices, particularly in clinical N0-1 disease and nonsquamous histopathology, respectively, are expected to have a favourable post-operative prognosis and may be candidates for primary resection.
In Moderate-Severe Asthma, Omalizumab Reduced the Need for Rescue Systemic Steroid Bursts and Improved Ratings of Treatment Effectiveness: A Pooled Analysis
Authors: R. Maykut, M. Massanari, R. Zeldin, F. Kianifard, Y. Deniz, C. Reisner, G. Geba
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)