tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evolving Patterns of Drug Abuse
Authors: MARK H. GREENE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

The sharp rise in drug abuse in the past decade has led to the development of new sources of information on drug-abuse trends. These include surveys, drug-related emergencies, drug-abuse treatment, hepatitis rates, and various types of law enforcement information. This paper summarizes data currently available for heroin, marijuana, cocaine, amphetamines, and barbiturates. Heroin use occurred in epidemic form in the late 1960s. Some cities, which had experienced a subsequent decline in heroin use, recently have reported an increase again. Marijuana use has increased steadily. The abuse of amphetamines and barbiturates appears to be growing. Trends on cocaine use are unclear. The development of ongoing, quantitative data-collection systems is beginning to clarify many of the issues regarding drug-use patterns and trends. With the possible exception of survey data, however, each indicator provides data only on selected segments of the drug-using population.
Effect of the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogue Triptorelin on the Occurrence of Chemotherapy-Induced Early Menopause in Premenopausal Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: Lucia Del Mastro, Luca Boni, Andrea Michelotti, Teresa Gamucci, Nina Olmeo, Stefania Gori, Monica Giordano, Ornella Garrone, Paolo Pronzato, Claudia Bighin, Alessia Levaggi, Sara Giraudi, Nicola Cresti, Emanuela Magnolfi, Tiziana Scotto, Carlo Vecchio, Marco Venturini
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Premenopausal patients with breast cancer are at high risk of premature ovarian failure induced by systemic treatments, but no standard strategies for preventing this adverse effect are yet available.To determine the effect of the temporary ovarian suppression obtained by administering the gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue triptorelin during chemotherapy on the incidence of early menopause in young patients with breast cancer undergoing adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy.The PROMISE-GIM6 (Prevention of Menopause Induced by Chemotherapy: A Study in Early Breast Cancer Patients-Gruppo Italiano Mammella 6) study, a parallel, randomized, open-label, phase 3 superiority trial, was conducted at 16 sites in Italy and enrolled 281 patients between October 2003 and January 2008. The patients were premenopausal women with stage I through III breast cancer who were candidates for adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Assuming a 60% rate of early menopause in the group treated with chemotherapy alone, it was estimated that 280 patients had to be enrolled to detect a 20% absolute reduction in early menopause in the group treated with chemotherapy plus triptorelin. The intention-to-treat analysis was performed by including all randomized patients and using imputed values for missing data.Before beginning chemotherapy, patients were randomly allocated to receive chemotherapy alone or combined with triptorelin. Triptorelin was administered intramuscularly at a dose of 3.75 mg at least 1 week before the start of chemotherapy and then every 4 weeks for the duration of chemotherapy.Incidence of early menopause (defined as no resumption of menstrual activity and postmenopausal levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and estradiol 1 year after the last cycle of chemotherapy).The clinical and tumor characteristics of the 133 patients randomized to chemotherapy alone and the 148 patients randomized to chemotherapy plus triptorelin were similar. Twelve months after the last cycle of chemotherapy (last follow-up, August 18, 2009), the rate of early menopause was 25.9% in the chemotherapy-alone group and 8.9% in the chemotherapy plus triptorelin group, an absolute difference of -17% (95% confidence interval, -26% to -7.9%; P < .001). The odds ratio for treatment-related early menopause was 0.28 (95% confidence interval, 0.14 to 0.59; P < .001).The use of triptorelin-induced temporary ovarian suppression during chemotherapy in premenopausal patients with early-stage breast cancer reduced the occurrence of chemotherapy-induced early menopause.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00311636.
The effects of panresistant bacteria in cystic fibrosis patients on lung transplant outcome.
Authors: R M Aris, P H Gilligan, I P Neuringer, K K Gott, J Rea, J R Yankaskas
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

The number of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients undergoing lung transplant continues to rise as long term survival improves. One major contraindication to this potentially life-saving intervention is infection with multi-drug-resistant bacteria. We undertook this retrospective study in 66 transplanted patients over 6 yr to determine the influence of panresistant bacteria on transplant outcome. The in vitro antibiotic susceptibility pattern of respiratory tract bacteria obtained pre- and/or intraoperatively was used to categorize patients into panresistant (n = 27) (Burkholderia cepacia, n = 6, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, n = 21) or sensitive (n = 39) groups. Postoperative ventilator days, hospital length of stay, and antibiotic days were similar for both groups (p > 0.2). The incidence of bacterial bronchitis (28% and 33%, respectively) and pneumonia (28% and 38%, respectively) did not differ between these groups (p > 0.2) at 6 mo. Likewise, one-year (81% and 83%, respectively) survival was similar for both groups (p > 0.2). As expected, panresistant B. cepacia patients had a lower 1-yr survival (50% versus 90%, p < 0.05) and had a higher mortality attributable to B. cepacia (50% versus 0%, p < 0.01) compared with panresistant P. aeruginosa patients. Our results indicate that CF patients infected with panresistant P. aeruginosa have similar transplant outcomes as patients with sensitive bacteria and should not be excluded from lung transplant based solely on this criterion.
Effect of buckberg cardioplegia and peripheral cardiopulmonary bypass on infarct size in the closed chest dog
Authors: John H. Frierson, Marc S. Penn, Antoine M. Lafont, Hakan Kultursay, Thomas H. Marwick, K. Kottke-Marchant, Alexios P. Dimas, Kevin M. Meaney, Fetnat M. Fouad-Tarazi, Patrick L. Whitlow
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1992)
CONTRACTILE RESERVE ASSESSED BY THREE-DIMENSIONAL GLOBAL CIRCUMFERENTIAL STRAIN AS A PREDICTOR OF LONG-TERM OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Kensuke Matsumoto, Hidekazu Tanaka, Yoshiki Motoji, Junichi Imanishi, Tatsuya Miyoshi, Mana Hiraishi, Akihiro Kaneko, Takayuki Tsuji, Keiko Ryo, Yuko Fukuda, Kazuhiro Tatsumi, Hiroya Kawai, Ken-ichi Hirata
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Monoclonal antibody targeting of N-cadherin inhibits prostate cancer growth, metastasis and castration resistance
Authors: Hiroshi Tanaka, Evelyn Kono, Chau P Tran, Hideyo Miyazaki, Joyce Yamashiro, Tatsuya Shimomura, Ladan Fazli, Robert Wada, Jiaoti Huang, Robert L Vessella, Jaibin An, Steven Horvath, Martin Gleave, Matthew B Rettig, Zev A Wainberg, Robert E Reiter
Journal: Nature Medicine (2010)
Passive smoking: history repeats itself
Authors: R. M Davis
Journal: BMJ (1997)

In 1962 and 1964 the Royal College of Physicians in London and the surgeon general of the United States released landmark reports documenting the causal relation between smoking and lung cancer.1 2 During the next quarter century, extensive research confirmed that smoking affects virtually every organ system. By 1990, the surgeon general concluded that “smoking represents the most extensively documented cause of disease ever investigated in the history of biomedical research.”3

The history of research on passive smoking followed a parallel course. The 1982 surgeon general's report on smoking and cancer reviewed the first three epidemiological studies published on the relation between passive smoking and lung cancer. Each showed an increased risk of lung cancer in non-smoking women whose husbands smoked. But because the evidence was not yet abundant, the report's conclusions were cautious.4

In 1986 the surgeon general devoted an entire report to the topic of involuntary (passive) smoking.5 It reviewed 13 “spousal studies” on passive smoking and lung cancer, 11 of which showed a positive association. The surgeon general was now able to conclude that “involuntary smoking is a cause of disease, including lung cancer, in healthy non-smokers.” Also in 1986, four other reports from authoritative bodies in the United States, Britain, France, and Australia came to similar conclusions.6 7 8 9

The next …
THE RAPID INVASION OF THE BODY THROUGH THE OLFACTORY MUCOSA
Authors: Geoffrey Rake
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1937)

1. Prussian blue particles pass rapidly from the surface of the olfactory mucosa and within 2 minutes are found in the tissue spaces, in blood and lymph vessels, in the perineural spaces of the olfactory nerve fibers and in the subarachnoid space and pia-arachnoid membrane. 2. There is great affinity of pigment particles for the olfactory sensory cells. 3. Preliminary treatment of the olfactory mucosa with tannic acid does not alter the speed with which this absorption occurs. It does, however, cause an inflammation of the mucosa and appears to prevent the pigment from entering the olfactory sensory cells. 4. Both pneumococci and S. enteritidis pass through the olfactory mucosa and reach the tissue spaces, the vessels and the subarachnoid space with the same rapidity as the pigment. This can be demonstrated both microscopically and by distribution tests. They invade by passage between the cells of the mucosa and there is no apparent affinity of the organisms for the olfactory sensory cells. 5. Tannic acid treatment of the olfactory mucosa in no way alters this invasion of organisms through the mucosa. 6. The pantropic virus, equine encephalomyelitis, was detected in the forebrain as promptly as were pigment and bacteria; neurotropic viruses, however,-those of St. Louis encephalitis, rabies and louping ill,-were not demonstrated in less than 24 hours.
Abciximab-Supported Infarct Artery Stent Implantation for Acute Myocardial Infarction and Long-Term Survival
Authors: David Antoniucci, Angela Migliorini, Guido Parodi, Renato Valenti, Alfredo Rodriguez, Albrecht Hempel, Gentian Memisha, Giovanni Maria Santoro
Journal: Circulation (2004)

The impact on survival of routine use of abciximab as adjunctive treatment to routine infarct artery stenting for acute myocardial infarction is not defined. We sought to determine the effect of abciximab on 1-year survival and other major adverse cardiac events of patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing routine infarct artery stenting.The Abciximab and Carbostent Evaluation (ACE) Trial is an unblinded, randomized, controlled trial that compared abciximab with placebo in patients undergoing routine infarct artery stent implantation for acute myocardial infarction. At 1 year, the survival rate was 95+/-2% in the abciximab group and 88+/-2% in the stent-alone group (P=0.017). The reinfarction rate was 1% in the abciximab group and 6.0% in the stent-alone group, whereas there were no differences between groups in target vessel revascularization rate (16.5% in the abciximab group, 17.5% in the stent-alone group).Abciximab as adjunctive treatment to routine infarct artery stenting for acute myocardial infarction resulted in improved 1-year survival and lower reinfarction rates.
Role of platelet activating factor in pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis in rats.
Authors: S J Konturek, A Dembinski, P J Konturek, Z Warzecha, J Jaworek, P Gustaw, R Tomaszewska, J Stachura
Journal: Gut (1992)

The importance of platelet activating factor in acute pancreatitis was examined by determining the tissue content of endogenous platelet activating factor and the protective effects of TCV-309, a highly selective platelet activating factor blocker, against caerulein induced pancreatitis in rats. Infusion of caerulein (10 micrograms/kg/h) for five hours resulted in about 70% increase in pancreatic weight, 22% rise in protein content, 50% reduction in tissue blood flow, nine fold increase in tissue level of platelet activating factor and 165% rise in plasma amylase as well as histological evidence of acute pancreatitis. Such infusion of caerulein in chronic pancreatic fistula rats caused a marked increase in protein output from basal secretion of 10 mg/30 minutes to 40 mg/30 minutes in the first hour of infusion followed by a decline in protein output to 15-20 mg/30 minutes in the following hours of the experiment. Exogenous platelet activating factor (50 micrograms/kg) injected ip produced similar alterations in weight, protein content, blood flow, and histology of the pancreas but the increment in serum amylase was significantly smaller and pancreatic secretion was reduced below the basal level. TCV-309 (50 micrograms/kg) given ip before caerulein or platelet activating factor administration significantly reduced the biochemical and morphological alterations caused by caerulein and abolished those induced by exogenous platelet activating factor. These results indicate that platelet activating factor plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis probably by reducing the blood flow and increasing vascular permeability in the pancreas.
Aging and Caring
Authors: Paul E. Ruskin
Journal: JAMA (1983)

I was invited to present a lecture to a class of graduate nurses who were studying the Psychosocial Aspects of Aging. I started my lecture with the following case presentation:  The patient is a white female who appears her reported age. She neither speaks nor comprehends the spoken word. Sometimes she babbles incoherently for hours on end. She is disoriented about person, place, and time. She does, however, seem to recognize her own name. I have worked with her for the past six months, but she still does not recognize me.  She shows complete disregard for her physical appearance and makes no effort whatsoever to assist in her own care. She must be fed, bathed, and clothed by others. Because she is edentulous, her food must be pureed, and because she is incontinent of both urine and stool, she must be changed and bathed often. Her shirt is generally soiled
740. In Vitro Correction of 47 bp Deletion in Casp-3 Gene in Human MCF7 Cells Using Histone-Mediated Delivery of Wild Type Gene Fragment Covering the Deletion Region
Authors: Leonid A. Yakubov, Robert J. Levy
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Therapeutic gene targeting using short DNA sequences encoding corrections for the mutated region usually results in very low efficiencies of gene repair precluding its use for in vivo applications. This approach employs intrinsic cellular mechanisms of genomic DNA maintenance including homologous recombination (HR). However, the precise mechanism of the repair remains not fully understood. In this work we attempted to clarify if this approach is capable of repairing an extensive mutation using a small non-modified genomic fragment, a non-toxic histone-mediated DNA delivery system, and optimized conditions for the repair.
Timing of Magnesium Therapy Affects Experimental Infarct Size
Authors: William R. Herzog, Matthew L. Schlossberg, Karen S. MacMurdy, Lisa R. Edenbaum, Matthew J. Gerber, Robert A. Vogel, Victor L. Serebruany
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Controversy exists regarding the use of magnesium in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) because of apparent conflicting results from clinical trials. One hypothesis to explain the various clinical observations proposes that the timing of magnesium administration significantly influences its therapeutic effect; ie, supraphysiological levels of Mg 2+ must be present at the time of reperfusion for magnesium to produce clinical benefit. Methods and Results These experiments evaluated the effect of varying the timing of magnesium administration during AMI. Female Yorkshire swine (34 to 42 kg) underwent thoracotomy and 50 minutes of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion, followed by 3 hours of reperfusion. In the first group, MgSO 4 (250 mg of magnesium diluted in 60 cm 3 saline) was infused into the LAD over 12 minutes, beginning immediately with the onset of reperfusion (n=6, Mg-early group). In the second group, MgSO 4 was given after 1 hour of reperfusion (n=6, Mg-late group). Six pigs received saline instead of magnesium and served as the control group. Lethal arrhythmias were significantly reduced in the Mg-early group. Infarct size was determined by vital staining. Infarct size was 0.16±0.05 g/kg body wt (Mg-early), 0.35±0.08 g/kg (Mg-late), and 0.42±0.04 g/kg for the control group. Compared with the control group, significant ( P =.029) reduction in infarct size occurred in the Mg-early group but not in the Mg-late group. Conclusions We conclude that intracoronary MgSO 4 delivered during reperfusion can significantly diminish infarct size in swine, but the timing of administration is critical.
NON-PURULENT TENONITIS
Authors: J. D. Cummins
Journal: BMJ (1924)

NON-PURULENT TENONITIS.[T rTnsq 103 area the breath sounds becamne harsh and puerile, and frequently suggested bronchial breathing; otherwise there was no change in the quality or character of the respirations.All other systems were normal.Course of the Illness.During the three months in which the child was in hospital the temperature was of a swinging character, rising nightly, and reaching 1000 to 1040 F. The pulse and respiratory rates remained consistently rapid throughout the illness.The appetite remained good, and there was a small but steady gain in weight.There was no vomiting except after the attacks of paroxysmal coughing,
Reply to Declan G. Murphy, Thomas J. Walton, Paul J. Cathcart, et al's Letter to the Editor re: Bayan Alsaid, Thomas Bessede, Djibril Diallo, et al. Division of Autonomic Nerves Within the Neurovascular Bundles Distally into Corpora Cavernosa and Corpus Spongiosum Components: Immunohistochemical Confirmation with Three-Dimensional Reconstruction. Eur Urol 2011;59:902–9
Authors: Bayan Alsaid, Thomas Bessede, Djibril Diallo, David Moszkowicz, Ibrahim Karam, Gérard Benoît, Stéphane Droupy
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Role of protein kinase C in histamine release from human basophils
Authors: Y. Morita, T. Takaishi, Z. Honda, T. Miyamoto
Journal: Allergy (1988)

In this study, we investigated the role of calcium and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C, PKC) in the modulation of histamine release from human basophils. A novel and potent inhibitor of PKC, K-252a, inhibited the release of histamine induced by anti-IgE in a dose-dependent manner with ID50 (the dose required for 50% inhibition of histamine release) of 2.2 x 10(-8) M. Histamine release stimulated with 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate(TPA) was also suppressed by K-252a with maximal inhibition of 48.0 +/- 9.3% at 10(-7) M. In contrast, K-252a did not inhibit the release of histamine in response to FMLP and ionophore A23187. Another inhibitor of PKC, H-7, exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of anti-IgE-induced histamine release with ID50 of 8.6 x 10(-4) M. H-8 and HA1004, which closely resemble H-7 in chemical structure but are less potent in inhibiting PKC, did not inhibit histamine release stimulated with anti-IgE, but rather enhanced the release at higher concentrations. These results strongly suggest that PKC activation plays a crucial role in the mediation of IgE-mediated histamine release from human basophils.
TCT-606 Predictors of Microcirculatory Dysfunction in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Yasuhiro Uchida, Satoshi Ichimiya, Hideki Ishii, Hideo Oishi, Yusuke Miki, Toshijiro Aoki, Hiroaki Mori, Toshiki Kawamiya, Hitoshi Ichimiya, Junji Watanabe, Masaaki Kanashiro, Susumu Suzuki, Tetsuya Amano, Tatsuaki Matsubara, Toyoaki Murohara
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
FDA calls for warnings on anaemia drugs amid reports of incentives to doctors
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2007)

An influential group of MPs has claimed that widespread financial incompetence is adding to the cost of the United Kingdom's controversial private finance initiative (PFI).The House of Commons Committee of Public Accounts made its new attack on the PFI after it discovered that the government had clawed back £100m (€145m; $200m) less than was predicted from the new private-public profit sharing schemes.The committee's chairman, the Conservative MP Edward Leigh, blamed the loss on the failure of Treasury officials to oversee key refinancing arrangements.In 2002 ministers introduced changes so that public sector bodies could share in some of the financial gains when big PFI loans were rearranged.Typically, these loans were renegotiated on a more favourable basis once PFI projects had been completed and the risks involved were lower.However, left to their own devices, officials in local hospitals had been out of their depth negotiating with their counterparts in the private sector, the committee says.In 2003 the Office of Government Commerce, which then had responsibility for PFI policy, told the public accounts committee that it expected the public sector to receive between £175m and £200m from the voluntary sharing arrangements in early PFI deals.However, up to December 2006 the government had secured the right to gains of only £93m."Proceeds gained by the public sector from PFI debt refinancing under the voluntary code for the sharing of gains are currently well short of expectations" said Mr Leigh.
MiR-17/20/93/106 promote hematopoietic cell expansion by targeting sequestosome 1–regulated pathways in mice
Authors: Annemarie Meenhuis, Peter A. van Veelen, Hans de Looper, Nicole van Boxtel, Iris J. van den Berge, Su M. Sun, Erdogan Taskesen, Patrick Stern, Arnoud H. de Ru, Arjan J. van Adrichem, Jeroen Demmers, Mojca Jongen-Lavrencic, Bob Löwenberg, Ivo P. Touw, Phillip A. Sharp, Stefan J. Erkeland
Journal: Blood (2011)
Assessing and Treating Victims of Violence
Authors: Glenn Craig Davis
Journal: JAMA (1995)

This slim, edited volume brings together information on diagnostic and symptom-assessment instruments useful in research on victims of violence, descriptive information on childhood sexual abuse and its sequelae, and descriptions of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), rape victims, and battered women. Key clinical assessment and treatment issues are provided for patients exposed to these particular types of violence. The book succeeds in providing a competent account of PTSD symptoms and available psychometric instruments for studying PTSD and, to a lesser extent, other sequelae of violence. In both chapters about childhood violence, "Assessing Children for the Effects of Sexual Victimization" and "Long-Term Correlates of Childhood Sexual Abuse in Adult Survivors," the authors are effective in conveying the multiple adverse outcomes of childhood abuse, particularly with respect to disturbances in function and effects on life course. Too often clinicians have attempted to squeeze the clinical sequelae of violence in children into single diagnoses
The Body Ego from the Point of View of Psychophysical Fusion
Authors: Johannes Lehtonen
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1991)

Freud introduced the concept of body ego as a basis for all later ego development. He did not describe it in detail, however, and the nature of the body ego has remained unclear. I suggest that the original body ego in the infant is the outcome of psychophysical fusion, i.e. fusion of experienced pleasure with sense impressions coming from without (the mother). The result of this leads to the establishment of primal repression and the psychosomatic boundary. The experiences of fusion are gradually internalized to form a stable ego nucleus. It is further suggested that the remarkable hypnagogic and dream phenomena described by Isakower and Lewin reflect the internalized result of this process and offer a chance to investigate these early and developmentally central phenomena.