tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
GPs protest at plans to publicise their performance
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Measures of general practitioners' performance will be made available to the public from spring 2005, according to health minister John Hutton.

But the BMA's General Practitioner Committee says the plan was never mentioned in the recent contract negotiations.

The statistics to be compiled will measure GPs' performance in treating a range of common chronic illnesses, such as diabetes, hypothyroidism, and hypertension. GPs will be graded not only in terms …
Dissolution of Mural Thrombus by Specific Thrombin Inhibition With r-Hirudin
Authors: Beat J. Meyer, Juan J. Badimon, James H. Chesebro, John T. Fallon, Valentin Fuster, Lina Badimon
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —The presence of residual mural thrombus may predispose to recurrent thrombotic events in acute coronary syndromes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of antithrombotic and antiplatelet agents on a preformed, fresh mural thrombus during growth of thrombus. Methods and Results —A fresh mural thrombus was formed by perfusing severely injured arterial wall with porcine blood for 5 minutes at a shear rate of 1690 s −1 . Thrombus formation was measured by morphometric analysis (mm 2 /mm). The average size of a mural thrombus formed in 5 minutes was 0.14±0.03 mm 2 /mm. Progression of thrombus growth within 10 minutes triggered by the preformed thrombus was evaluated in pigs treated with r-hirudin (1 mg/kg per hour IV) as a probe for thrombin, high-dose heparin (250 IU/kg per hour IV), moderate-dose heparin (100 IU/kg per hour), moderate-dose heparin (100 IU/kg per hour) plus aspirin, aspirin alone (5 mg/kg IV), and placebo. Hirudin was associated with a significant decrease (48%) of mural thrombus area and significantly reduced growth of thrombus (0.07±0.01), even compared with the highest dose of heparin (0.15±0.03), although at lower levels of anticoagulation. Inhibition of growth of thrombus with heparin was dose dependent, showing an inverse correlation of thrombus area with mean plasma heparin concentrations ( r =.77, P =.0001). Thrombus size was unchanged by aspirin (0.29±0.07) compared with controls (0.28±0.07). Conclusions —Direct inhibition of thrombin activity with r-hirudin completely inhibits growth of thrombus, causes dissolution of a preexisting mural thrombus, and is more effective at lower levels of anticoagulation than the highest dose of heparin at shear rates typical of a moderate coronary stenosis.
Ashworth report confirms problems with special hospitals
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The scandal of Ashworth Special Hospital, on Merseyside, UK, where a state of anarchy allowed mentally disordered patients to participate in a regime of drug abuse and pornography, ranks as one of the worst failures of the NHS, concluded a two year official inquiry published last week.

Parliament was shocked by the catalogue of problems noted in the personality disorder unit at Ashworth—such as a 7year old girl being groomed for paedophile purposes during regular visits to patients—which the health secretary, Frank Dobson, described as a mess from top to bottom.

Doctors working at Ashworth were singled out for particular criticism by the inquiry chairman, Judge Peter Fallon. At one point in Ashworth's recent history, only three of 11doctors in post were judged to be competent. The report stated: “If such levels of incompetency and poor performance had occurred in another specialty, such as general surgery, immediate and decisive action would have had to be taken.”

The Fallon inquiry acknowledged problems in staffing high security hospitals, but stated that a self perpetuating circle of unattractive …
Behavioral momentum and behavioral economic metaphors for excessive consumption
Authors: Rudy E. Vuchinich
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Metaphors “highlight and hide” different aspects of phenomena. A behavioral economic metaphor for excessive consumption highlights the contextual features of behavioral-environment relations. Can the behavioral momentum metaphor generate a representation of context that is at least as useful as that generated by behavioral economics? Maybe, maybe not; or maybe a mixed metaphor will do a better job than either alone.
The role of human endogenous retroviruses in melanoma
Authors: S. Singh, S. Kaye, M.E. Gore, M.O. McClure, C.B. Bunker
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Journal Article The role of human endogenous retroviruses in melanoma Get access S. Singh, S. Singh Department of Dermatology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, U.K.Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, U.K. Sarita Singh. E‐mail: saritasingh@doctors.org.uk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Kaye, S. Kaye Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.E. Gore, M.E. Gore Department of Cancer Medicine, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.O. McClure, M.O. McClure Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.B. Bunker C.B. Bunker Department of Dermatology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 161, Issue 6, 1 December 2009, Pages 1225–1231, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09415.x Published: 01 December 2009
ABC of colorectal diseases. Non-specific inflammatory bowel disease.
Authors: S. Pettit, M. H. Irving
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Incidence Non-specific inflammatory bowel diseases are those for which there is no discernible aetiological agent. The two most important of these diseases affecting the large bowel are ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Ulcerative colitis is always confined to the large bowel, although a few centimetres of the terminal ileum may be affected by backwash ileitis. On the other hand, Crohn's disease affects the whole of the gastrointestinal tract, although the only manifestation may be in the large bowel.
Does p.Q247X in <i>TRIM63</i> Cause Human Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?
Authors: Rafał Płoski, Agnieszka Pollak, Sonja Müller, Maria Franaszczyk, Ewa Michalak, Joanna Kosinska, Piotr Stawinski, Mateusz Spiewak, Hubert Seggewiss, Zofia T. Bilinska
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Variants in TRIM63, including a nonsense mutation (p.Q247X), have been suggested recently to cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.To verify pathogenicity of TRIM63 p.Q247X detected by whole-exome sequencing in a symptomless professional sports player seeking medical advice because of a prolonged QT interval found during a routine check-up.Clinical studies were performed in the proband and his mother, who also carried TRIM63 p.Q247X. No evidence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was found in either person.The p.Q247X variant in TRIM63 is not likely to be a highly penetrant variant causing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Recovery from Sézary syndrome following Mycobacterium avium spondylitis
Authors: A. Yamada, O. Yamasaki, K. Asagoe, K. Tsuji, T. Hamada, Y. Ota, K. Iwatsuki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Journal Article Recovery from Sézary syndrome following Mycobacterium avium spondylitis Get access A. Yamada, A. Yamada Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2‐5‐1 Shikata‐cho, Okayama 700‐8558, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar O. Yamasaki, O. Yamasaki Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2‐5‐1 Shikata‐cho, Okayama 700‐8558, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Asagoe, K. Asagoe Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2‐5‐1 Shikata‐cho, Okayama 700‐8558, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Tsuji, K. Tsuji Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2‐5‐1 Shikata‐cho, Okayama 700‐8558, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Hamada, T. Hamada Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2‐5‐1 Shikata‐cho, Okayama 700‐8558, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. Ota, Y. Ota Department of Orthopedics, National Hospital Organization Minami‐Okayama Medical Center, Okayama, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Iwatsuki K. Iwatsuki Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2‐5‐1 Shikata‐cho, Okayama 700‐8558, Japan Correspondence: Keiji Iwatsuki E‐mail: keijiiwa@cc.okayama‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 157, Issue 6, 1 December 2007, Pages 1270–1271, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08187.x Published: 01 December 2007
New York hospital corporation introduces performance related pay for 3500 physicians
Authors: M. E. Tucker
Journal: BMJ (2013)

A new program in public hospitals in New York city offers physician employees bonus pay as an incentive for achieving performance measures.

The three year, $59m (£37m; €44m) performance related pay plan was announced on Saturday 12 January by the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation, a large healthcare delivery system that runs the city’s public hospitals.

The program will apply to over 3500 physicians who are employed through contracts with the New York University School of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, and the Physician Affiliate Group of NY, a private organization that staffs …
A FURTHER STUDY OF THE INFLUENZA BACILLUS.
Authors: F. ELDREDGE WYNEKOOP
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Of recent years such thorough study has been given by so many competent observers to systemic conditions produced by the<i>Bacillus influenza</i>in the human organism, that we may say we are fairly familiar with and able to recognize all the important points in the general symptomatology of influenza. There are special conditions, however, concerning which we are not so well informed, and to direct attention to what may be called "some of the atypical manifestations of the influenza bacillus" is the purpose of this paper. The pathologic states of the mucous membrane which may be produced by the growth and development of this micro-organism on them are of sufficient gravity to warrant careful consideration. During the past five years a great many hundred cultures which were made from inflamed throat, nasal mucous membrane, eyes, etc., have been examined and it has been found that many of
Abstract 1732: Synthesis and evaluation of NSC23925 isomers to reverse multidrug resistance in cancer
Authors: Zhenfeng Duan, Edwin Choy, David Harmon, Xianzhe Liu, Henry Mankin, Francis Hornicek
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The eventual development of multidrug resistance (MDR) during the course of chemotherapy treatment is a fundamental obstacle associated with cancer care. Prior studies have identified NSC23925 ((2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-quinolinyl) (2-piperidinyl) methanol)) to be a small molecule agent that reverses MDR in cancer cells. Analysis of the structure of NSC23925 indicates that NSC23925 has two chiral centers which lead to 4 different stereo-isomers (erythro-7a, threo-7b, threo-9a and erythro-9b). Each isomer may or may not have distinct bio-activity from the others. In this study, we synthesized all four isomers of NSC23925 and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS, HPLC-MS). Structure and activity relationships for reversing MDR in several MDR human cancer cell lines were evaluated by MTT assay. We observed that compound erythro-9b (NSC23925-9b) is the most potent isomer on reversing drug resistance, threo-7b and threo-9a also showed modest but lesser activity, and Erythro-7a showed the least potency. NSC23925-9b is able to reverse MDR in several drug resistant cell lines expressing Pgp in vitro, including ovarian, breast, colon, and sarcoma cancer cell lines. NSC23925-9b was able to re-sensitize these cell lines to paclitaxel, doxorubicin, vincristine and ET-743 with no effect on cell sensitivity to cisplatin, topotecan and methotrexate. NSC23925-9b was unable to reverse drug resistance in non-Pgp expressing drug resistant cell lines. Furthermore, NSC23925-9b significantly enhanced in vivo antitumor activity of paclitaxel in MDR ovarian cancer cell line SKOV-3TR xenograft models, without significant increasing the level of paclitaxel toxicity. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that NSC23925-9b and derivatives of this compound may hold therapeutic value in the treatment of MDR dependent cancers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1732. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1732
Transcription factor IRF8 plays a critical role in the development of murine basophils and mast cells
Authors: Haruka Sasaki, Daisuke Kurotaki, Naoki Osato, Hideaki Sato, Izumi Sasaki, Shin-ichi Koizumi, Hongsheng Wang, Chika Kaneda, Akira Nishiyama, Tsuneyasu Kaisho, Hiroyuki Aburatani, Herbert C. Morse, Keiko Ozato, Tomohiko Tamura
Journal: Blood (2014)
More on Turtle Headaches
Authors: Janet G. Travell
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  Dr Gilbert's updating (1982;248:921) of his decade-old report on turtle headaches was entertaining, and it supports the probable role of hypoxia in the generalized headache that ensues after a person is awakened from  by daylight and then retracts his head under the bedcovers and falls asleep again.  His comment also reminded me that glare during  may precipitate morning headache in the migraine-prone patient who suffers from photophobia and shuns bright light. For this person, I have prescribed the sleep shade, a black cloth eye mask that hooks around the ears, to be worn at night. However, this device may be uncomfortable and is easily misplaced or forgotten. The best way to prevent either turtle headaches or common migraine headaches on waking in the morning is to install lightproof window shades, or perhaps draperies, in the bedroom.  This protective technique was not mentioned in my article
Sympathetic Nervous Activity and Renal and Systemic Hemodynamics in Cirrhosis: Plasma Norepinephrine Concentration, Hepatic Extraction, and Renal Release
Authors: Helmer Ring-Larsen, Birger Hesse, Jens H. Henriksen, Niels J. Christensen
Journal: Hepatology (1982)

Systemic and renal neurovascular reactivity was investigated in eight patients with cirrhosis and in eight control subjects with fatty liver during postural changes. In the supine position, mean renal blood flow averaged 1.51 and 2.97 ml per gm per min in patients and controls, respectively (p &lt; 0.02). During tilting, renal blood flow changed significantly (p &lt; 0.05) and equally in patients and controls (15 o head–down tilt: 12 and 13% increase, respectively; 60 o head–up tilt: 27 and 32% decrease, respectively). Mean arterial blood pressure was significantly lower in patients than controls (82 vs. 95 mm Hg, p &lt; 0.05) but did not change during the tilt. Plasma norepinephrine (NE) concentration was significantly higher in another eight patients with cirrhosis than in eight healthy controls (mean: 0.45 vs. 0.21 ng per ml in recumbency, p &lt; 0.02). Following 60 o head–up tilt, the increase in NE was similar in both groups. In another 10 patients with cirrhosis in recumbency, the splanchnic arterial–hepatic venous extraction of NE averaged 0.43 (p &lt; 0.01), and the hepatic clearance of NE averaged 315 ml per min which is of the same order as previously reported in healthy controls. The right kidney released NE into the systemic circulation. Renal venous plasma NE exceeded arterial concentration by 34% (p &lt; 0.01). It is concluded that sympathetic nervous activity is enhanced in patients with cirrhosis, and that this hyperactivity may be responsible for renal vasoconstriction in these patients. However, systemic and renal neurovascular reactivity seems to be maintained even at an advanced stage of the disease.
Autologous lymphoma vaccines induce human T cell responses against multiple, unique epitopes
Authors: Sivasubramanian Baskar, Carol B. Kobrin, Larry W. Kwak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

The clonotypic surface Ig receptor expressed by malignant B cells, idiotype, is a tumor-specific antigen and an attractive target for active immunotherapy. While Ab’s specific for tumor idiotype have been well described in patients with B cell malignancies, the precise antigenic epitopes in human idiotype recognized by autologous T cells remain largely unknown. We report here that T cell lines generated from lymphoma patients actively immunized with idiotype protein specifically recognized multiple, unique immunodominant epitopes in autologous tumor idiotype. Synthetic peptides corresponding to hypervariable, but not framework, regions of Ig heavy chain specifically stimulated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to proliferate and secrete proinflammatory cytokines in an MHC-associated manner. Detailed analysis revealed a minimal determinant of an immunodominant epitope, comprising critical residues at the amino terminus that may be a product of somatic hypermutation. Association of idiotype-specific T cell responses with previously documented molecular remissions in idiotype-vaccinated patients suggests that the newly identified T cell epitopes may be clinically relevant. Such antigenic epitopes may serve as candidates for novel peptide-vaccine strategies, and as tools to selectively expand tumor antigen–specific T cells for adoptive immunotherapy and for monitoring T cell immunity in vaccinated patients.
Neurologie des Neugeborenen
Authors: G. R. Haase
Journal: JAMA (1969)

It may, on casual reflection, appear difficult to believe that sufficient information is available to justify a book on neurology of the newborn. The present volume, without committing more than slight violence to the limitations imposed by the title, proves such judgment to be wrong. This attractive book compiles much information, both from personal experience of the authors at the Pediatric Clinic of the University of Goettingen and from the world literature (more than 4,300 references take up a sizeable portion of the book). Early portions of the volume present information from the relevant basic sciences, particularly the neurophysiology of the developing organism, and progress to the methods of examination of the newborn. Congenital abnormalities of metabolism and disorders of the lower motor neuron are discussed in subsequent chapters, followed by a rather brief presentation of chromosomal aberrations, malformations, tumors, abnormalities in the offspring of diabetic mothers, prematurity, perinatal injuries,
The Virtues in Medical Practice
Authors: Bernard H. Adelson
Journal: JAMA (1994)

The discipline of medical ethics is at present principle-based ethics, using, among others, the concepts of duty, justice, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and autonomy as precepts. Principles are universal guides to action, and virtues, according to Aristotle, are "a state of character" that "brings into good condition the thing of which it is the excellence and makes the work of that thing to be done well." In recent years there has begun to appear a reevaluation of virtue-based ethics with a return, as it were, to the teachings of Plato, Aristotle, and Thomas Aquinas. Two eminent ethicists, one a physician (Edmund Pellegrino) and one a philosopher (David Thomasma), present to us in this book a lucid, thoughtful, and impressively organized description of the philosophical foundation of virtue-based ethics. Their treatise demonstrates in logical sequence how to relate the virtues of the practice of medicine to the ends of the practice of medicine.
Tobacco companies win delay on advertising ban
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Tobacco companies in the United Kingdom have succeeded in delaying the ban on tobacco advertisements on billboards and in newspapers and magazines, which was due to start on 10 December.

The companies—Imperial, Gallaher, Rothmans UK, and British American Tobacco—challenged the validity of the European directive on tobacco advertising, and their challenge has been upheld in the High Court by Mr Justice Turner.

The court decided that the government had acted hastily in not waiting for a ruling from the European court. The directive was agreed by the European Union …
Spontaneous and Induced Abortion Among Resident Physicians
Authors: Mark A. Klebanoff
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Female resident physicians are believed to be at an increased risk for a variety of third-trimester pregnancy complications. However, early pregnancy complications have been less well studied. This report compares spontaneous and induced abortions in a nationally representative sample of 5096 female medical school graduates (who experienced 1284 pregnancies) and of the sexual partners of 5000 of their male classmates (who experienced 1481 pregnancies). The response to the survey was 86.1%. The life-table probability of spontaneous abortion was 14.8% for female residents compared with 12.6% for the sexual partners of male residents. However, female residents were more likely than the male residents' sexual partners to terminate a pregnancy voluntarily (8.2% vs 2.7%). The increased risk of voluntary termination persisted when only married women were studied (3.6% vs 1.4%). However, female residents' pregnancies were at approximately half the risk of voluntary termination compared with pregnancies among the general US population of women aged 25 to 34 years. These results provide reassurance to those residents who would like to become pregnant but are concerned about the possible effect of their occupation on the course of the pregnancy.
Cardiac Tamponade after Ovarian Stimulation
Authors: Frédéric Le Saché, Alain Dibie, Christian Lamer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

1 According to the review, the use of cutting needles such as the one depicted in the video (e.g., the Quincke needle) is associated with a higher rate of post-lumbar puncture headache than is the use of an atrau matic needle (e.g., the Sprotte needle).In addition, largerbore needles (20gauge and lower) were also associated with an increased risk of postlumbar puncture headache.The American Acad emy of Neurology guideline recommends the use of an atraumatic spinal needle, 22gauge or high er (level A recommendation).
BARANY CHAIR TESTS AND FLYING ABILITY
Authors: Robert P. Parsons
Journal: JAMA (1918)

To the Editor:—In an article on "Bárány Chair Tests and Flying Ability" (The Journal, April 13, 1918, p. 1064), we presented certain data concerning the Bárány chair tests of 100 naval aviators, and found an absence of correlation between the tests and the flying ability of the men. While, of course, the Bárány tests have in no way been intended to predict the flying ability of applicants for aviation, nevertheless, men who have failed to respond normally to these tests have in most instances, it is understood, been rejected, and rejected solely because of that failure. In other words, the tests have been used to predict inability to fly. If abnormal reactions constitute sufficient grounds for rejecting applicants, then perhaps it may be well to see what actually successful fliers do in a Bárány chair, and what, if any influence flying has on their reactions. Table 1 shows the results