tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endothelial Function Varies According to Insulin Resistance Disease Type
Authors: Joshua A. Beckman, Allison B. Goldfine, Andrea Dunaif, Marie Gerhard-Herman, Mark A. Creager
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

We examined the relationship between insulin resistance and vascular function in three insulin-resistant states (type 2 diabetes, non-HIV lipodystrophic diabetes, and nondiabetic polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS]) and in healthy control subjects.The population included 12 women with type 2 diabetes, 6 with lipodystrophic diabetes, 10 with PCOS, and 19 healthy female subjects. Metabolic measures included insulin sensitivity by the homeostasis model assessment, lipids, free fatty acids, and adiponectin. High-resolution B-mode ultrasound was used to determine endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation.Type 2 diabetic, liposdystrophic, and PCOS subjects were insulin resistant compared with control subjects (P = 0.001). Flow-mediated vasodilation was reduced in diabetic (3.4 +/- 1.3%) compared with control (7.3 +/- 1.1%) subjects but not in lipodystrophic (7.7 +/- 1.2%) or PCOS (9.9 +/- 0.7%) subjects (P = 0.005). Nitroglycerin-mediated vasodilation was attenuated in both diabetic (15.2 +/- 2.0%) and lipodystrophic (16.7 +/- 3.6%) subjects compared with healthy control (24.6 +/- 2.4%) and PCOS (23.2 +/- 1.8%) subjects (P = 0.019). Insulin resistance, free fatty acids, adiponectin, or C-reactive protein did not associate with vascular dysfunction.Among these different types of patients with insulin resistance, we found abnormal endothelium-dependent vasodilation only in the patients with type 2 diabetes. We postulate that variations in the mechanism of insulin resistance may affect endothelial function differently than glucose homeostasis.
Patients to be consulted on whether their records can be used for research
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Patients in England are to be asked whether they consent to the use of their electronic medical records for research, after a consultation found that a substantial proportion of the public expect explicit consent to be sought for the use of any records that identify them.

The Department of Health plans to set up pilot schemes in Hampshire, the Isle of Wight, Birmingham, and Nottingham to explore means of informing patients about the possible use of their records for research and to allow them to opt out.

The department said it expected to settle on a mechanism for doing this by …
Origin of Pleural Fluid Amylase in Esophageal Rupture
Authors: HOWARD P. SHERR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

A patient with esophageal rupture and elevated pleural fluid amylase activity mimicking acute pancreatitis was studied to find the origin of the enzyme. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns suggested that saliva was the source of elevation in this disorder. Esophageal rupture, among other disorders, can cause elevation of pleural fluid amylase, and this should be recognized to avoid attributing the abnormality to acute pancreatitis, thereby delaying surgery.
&lt;I&gt;BRAF&lt;/I&gt; Copy Number Gains in Thyroid Tumors Detected by Fluorescence &lt;I&gt;In Situ&lt;/I&gt; Hybridization
Authors: Raffaele Ciampi, Zhaowen Zhu, Yuri E. Nikiforov
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2005)
Cytochrome P450 2E1 responsiveness in the promoter of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit
Authors: Natalia Nieto, Montserrat Marí, Arthur I. Cederbaum
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Previous studies have shown cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)-dependent transcriptional up-regulation of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL). To identify sequences mediating constitutive and induced expression of the catalytic subunit of GCL (GCLC), a series of deletion mutants from the 5'-flanking region (-3,802 to +465) were transfected into control (C34) and CYP2E1-overexpressing (E47) HepG2 cells. Increased luciferase expression, both basal (2- to 3-fold) and following exposure to ethanol, arachidonic acid (AA), or AA plus iron, was detected in E47 cells with the full-length but not shorter reporter vectors. Basal induction was blocked by CYP2E1 inhibitors and catalase. Basal and inducible luciferase expression in E47 cells was blunted by the full-length construct mutated in the ARE4 site. Catalase and diallyl sulfide prevented basal and AA-induced messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of GCLC and the modulatory subunit of GCL (GCLM). Preincubation with low doses of AA increased glutathione (GSH) levels as well as GCLC and GCLM mRNAs, and this protected against H(2)O(2) and menadione toxicity. Primary hepatocytes from pyrazole-injected rats with high levels of CYP2E1 showed an increase in GSH levels as well as GCLC and GCLM mRNAs compared with saline controls, and this was prevented by diallyl sulfide. In conclusion, redox-sensitive elements directing constitutive and induced expression of the GCLC in CYP2E1-expressing cells are present in the ARE4 distal portion of the 5'-flanking region, between positions -3,802 and -2,752, perhaps a reflection of metabolic adaptation to CYP2E1-generated oxidative stress.
Invasive Lobular Carcinoma Cell Lines Are Characterized by Unique Estrogen-Mediated Gene Expression Patterns and Altered Tamoxifen Response
Authors: Matthew J. Sikora, Kristine L. Cooper, Amir Bahreini, Soumya Luthra, Guoying Wang, Uma R. Chandran, Nancy E. Davidson, David J. Dabbs, Alana L. Welm, Steffi Oesterreich
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is a histologic subtype of breast cancer that is frequently associated with favorable outcomes, as approximately 90% of ILC express the estrogen receptor (ER). However, recent retrospective analyses suggest that patients with ILC receiving adjuvant endocrine therapy may not benefit as much as patients with invasive ductal carcinoma. On the basis of these observations, we characterized ER function and endocrine response in ILC models. The ER-positive ILC cell lines MDA MB 134VI (MM134) and SUM44PE were used to examine the ER-regulated transcriptome via gene expression microarray analyses and ER ChIP-Seq, and to examine response to endocrine therapy. In parallel, estrogen response was assessed in vivo in the patient-derived ILC xenograft HCI-013. We identified 915 genes that were uniquely E2 regulated in ILC cell lines versus other breast cancer cell lines, and a subset of these genes were also E2 regulated in vivo in HCI-013. MM134 cells were de novo tamoxifen resistant and were induced to grow by 4-hydroxytamoxifen, as well as other antiestrogens, as partial agonists. Growth was accompanied by agonist activity of tamoxifen on ER-mediated gene expression. Though tamoxifen induced cell growth, MM134 cells required fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)-1 signaling to maintain viability and were sensitive to combined endocrine therapy and FGFR1 inhibition. Our observation that ER drives a unique program of gene expression in ILC cells correlates with the ability of tamoxifen to induce growth in these cells. Targeting growth factors using FGFR1 inhibitors may block survival pathways required by ILC and reverse tamoxifen resistance.
Is aortic stiffness as measured by pulse wave velocity a predictor of coronary atherosclerosis?
Authors: Navin C. Nanda, Raymond L. Benza, Kathy Kirk, Crystal Wheeler, Wen Ying Huang, Arnold T. Pasia, Rajasekhar Nekkanti, Andrew P. Miller, Francois M. Booyse
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Concurrent transcriptional deregulation of AML1/RUNX1 and GATA factors by the AML1-TRPS1 chimeric gene in t(8;21)(q24;q22) acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Norio Asou, Masatoshi Yanagida, Liqun Huang, Masayuki Yamamoto, Katsuya Shigesada, Hiroaki Mitsuya, Yoshiaki Ito, Motomi Osato
Journal: Blood (2007)
Growth in utero and cognitive function in adult life: follow up study of people born between 1920 and 1943
Authors: C. N Martyn, C. R Gale, A. A. Sayer, C. Fall
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives</b>: To examine the relation between fetal growth and cognitive function in adult life. <b>Design</b>: A follow up study of men and women whose birth weights and other measurements of body size had been recorded at birth. <b>Setting</b>: Hertfordshire, Preston, and Sheffield. <b>Subjects</b>: 1576 men and women born in Hertfordshire, Sheffield, or Preston between 1920 and 1943. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Intelligence quotient as measured by the AH4 test and amount of decline in cognitive function with age as estimated by the difference between score on the Mill Hill vocabulary test and score on the AH4 test. <b>Results</b>: Score on the intelligence test was higher in people who had a large biparietal head diameter at birth, but it was not related to any other measure of body size or proportions. No association was found between decline in cognitive function and any measure of size or proportions at birth. <b>Conclusion</b>: Impaired fetal growth was not associated with poorer cognitive performance in adult life. Adaptations made by the fetus in response to conditions that retard its growth seem to be largely successful in maintaining brain development. <h3>Key messages</h3> In humans, low birth weight and proportionate smallness at birth have been associated with poorer cognitive function in early childhood, but there have been few studies on whether this association persists into adult life There was no relation between body size or pro- portions at birth and either intelligence or cognitive decline related to age in over 1500 people aged between 48 and 74 years whose birth measurements had been recorded Fetal growth seems to be less important than genetic factors and environmental influences in postnatal life in determining adult cognitive performance Adaptations made by the fetus in response to conditions that retard its growth may be largely successful in maintaining brain development
A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF X-RAY AND DRY HEAT ON ANTIBODY FORMATION
Authors: James B. Murphy, Ernest Sturm
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

Rabbits x-rayed in doses sufficient to reduce the amount of their lymphoid tissue without damage to the bone marrow showed a definite deficiency in the production of precipitins, bacterial agglutinins, and protective antibodies. On the other hand, rabbits subjected to exposures of dry heat sufficient to increase the activity of the lymphoid organs, on immunization develop antibodies in larger quantity than do untreated animals immunized by the same process.
Human Population Expansion and Microsatellite Variation
Authors: Lev A. Zhivotovsky, Lynda Bennett, Anne M. Bowcock, Marcus W. Feldman
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2000)

Polymorphisms at di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide microsatellite loci have been analyzed in 14 worldwide populations. A statistical index of population expansion, denoted Sk, is introduced to detect historical changes in population size using the variation at the microsatellites. The index takes the value 0 at equilibrium with constant population size and is positive or negative according to whether the population is expanding or contracting, respectively. The use of Sk requires estimation of properties of the mutation distribution for which we use both family data of Dib et al. for dinucleotide loci and our population data on tri- and tetranucleotide loci. Statistical estimates of the expansion index, as well as their confidence intervals from bootstrap resampling, are provided. In addition, a dynamical analysis of Sk is presented under various assumptions on population growth or decline. The studied populations are classified as having high, intermediate, or low values of Sk and genetic variation, and we use these to interpret the data in terms of possible population dynamics. Observed values of Sk for samples of di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide data are compatible with population expansion earlier than 60,000 years ago in Africa, Asia, and Europe if the initial population size before the expansion was on the order of 500. Larger initial population sizes force the lower bound for the time since expansion to be much earlier. We find it unlikely that bottlenecks occurred in Central African, East Asian, or European populations, and the estimated expansion times are rather similar for all of these populations. This analysis presented here suggests that modern human populations departed from Africa long before they began to expand in size. Subsequently, the major groups (the African, East Asian, and European groups) started to grow at approximately same time. Populations of South America and Oceania show almost no growth. The Mbuti population from Zaire appears to have experienced a bottleneck during its expansion.
The Influence of Money on Medical Science
Authors: Catherine D. DeAngelis
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Genetic and functional characterization of clonally derived adult human brown adipocytes
Authors: Kosaku Shinoda, Ineke H N Luijten, Yutaka Hasegawa, Haemin Hong, Si B Sonne, Miae Kim, Ruidan Xue, Maria Chondronikola, Aaron M Cypess, Yu-Hua Tseng, Jan Nedergaard, Labros S Sidossis, Shingo Kajimura
Journal: Nature Medicine (2015)
Once Upon a Mine: The Legacy of Uranium on the Navajo Nation
Authors: Carrie Arnold
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

A 45 O n a low, windswept rise at the southeastern edge of the Navajo Nation, Jackie Bell-Jefferson prepares to move her family from their home for a temporary stay that could last up to seven years.A mound of uraniumladen waste the size of several football fields, covered with a thin veneer of gravel, dominates the view from her front door.After many years of living next to the contamination and a litany of health problems she believes it caused, Bell-Jefferson and several other local families will have to vacate their homes for a third round of cleanup efforts by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).Decades of uranium mining have dotted the landscape across the Navajo Nation with piles of contaminated mine waste.The EPA has mapped 521 abandoned uranium mines on the reservation, ranging from small holes dug by a single prospector into the side of a mesa to large commercial mining operations. 1 The Navajo people did not have a word for "radioactivity" when mining outfits looking for vanadium 2 and uranium 3 began moving onto their land in the 1940s, and they did not understand that radiation could be dangerous.They were not told that the men who worked in the mines were breathing carcinogenic radon gas and showering in radioactive water, nor that the women washing their husbands' work clothes could spread radionuclides to the rest of the family's laundry.
Spirits and Demons at Work: Alcohol and Other Drugs on the Job
Authors: Donald W. Goodwin
Journal: JAMA (1973)

"Joe, your work has suffered lately. Do you have a problem?" "Joe, you've missed every Monday morning for four weeks. Could it be... booze?" "Joe, we've talked to your union and come to an agreement. You drink too much and should see the company Doc." "Joe, you're an alcoholic." "Joe, you're fired." The National Council on Alcoholism estimates that alcoholism costs employers some $10 billion a year in lost productivity. The figure can be taken with a grain of salt (or snifter of brandy) but nobody, least of all employers, questions the size of the problem. Drunkenness on the job contributes just a small part. Accidents, long lunch hours, absenteeism, irritability, sloppy work—all frequently have a common origin: fondness for the sauce. Perhaps employers have always known this, but only recently have any tried to correct the situation.<i>Science</i>noted recently that about 300 companies now have programs for recognizing
Abstract B24: Ras-mediated epigenetic reprogramming: NF-κB-dependent and independent effects
Authors: Joel Durand, Albert Baldwin
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract In addition to many genetic alterations, cancer cells also harbor global epigenetic abnormalities, a fundamental hallmark of cancer. K-Ras, the most commonly mutated oncogene, has been shown to induce aberrant epigenetic changes, including the methylation and subsequent silencing of key tumor suppressors. Furthermore, in the majority of K-Ras-driven tumors, the NF-κB pathway is constitutively active and contributes to cellular transformation. Specifically, our lab has shown that knocking out the p65 subunit of NF-κB significantly reduces tumor development in a mouse model of K-Ras-induced lung cancer. NF-κB subunits have been shown to associate with HDAC1 and to promote DNMT1 recruitment to chromatin, suggesting the involvement of NF-κB in epigenetic regulation. However, the role of the NF-κB pathway in Ras-mediated epigenetic changes remains unclear. Based on the above, I hypothesize that oncogenic K-Ras cooperates with the NF-κB pathway to alter the epigenetic landscape and promote transformation. Using the Infinium Methylation Assay, we have uncovered genome-wide differences in DNA methylation in lung epithelial cells expressing K-RasG12V (SAKRAS) compared to wild-type (SALEB) cells. Expression of oncogenic K-RasG12V was accompanied by hypermethylation of many tumor suppressors and demethylation of established oncogenes. Notably, many of these changes in methylation correlated with changes in gene expression. Inhibition of the NF-κB pathway in SAKRAS cells also led to significant changes in the methylation profile of a subset of genes. Together, these preliminary results support a role for the K-Ras and NF-κB pathways in the epigenetic reprogramming observed in K-Ras-driven cancers. Citation Format: Joel Durand, Albert Baldwin. Ras-mediated epigenetic reprogramming: NF-κB-dependent and independent effects. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr B24.
Charity calls on MPs to end postcode lottery in IVF treatment
Authors: L. Hitchen
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Doctors involved in fertility services should write to their MPs to try to end the postcode lottery over how many cycles of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment patients in England receive, says Infertility Network UK.

The charity’s chief executive, Clare Brown, called on clinicians to do more in her speech at a conference in London last week. She said, “They should write to MPs, they should write to the minister, they should kick up a stink with the PCTs [primary care trusts] and not just accept one cycle. They should push as hard as the patients.”

Figures for 2007 issued by the Department of Health last month showed that only seven (5%) …
Significance and Importance of the Psychotherapist’s Personality and Experience
Authors: Mauricio Knobel
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1990)

The psychotherapist's <i>personality</i> demands an open dynamic organization of the psychophysical systems that determine characteristic behavior and thought. A therapist must think and act coherently with his social ideals. Freedom, creativity and affection shall help to achieve a true 'therapeutic disposition' where <i>knowledge</i> and <i>empathy</i> are paramount and constantly available. A <i>real experience</i> develops from authentic self-correcting practice. 'Countertransferential narcissism' must be studied in order to free the therapist from internal conflictive compromises. Thus, <i>epistemophilic feelings</i> – basic for psychotherapy – can increasingly be developed within a therapist's personality.
Structural gene for human membrane cofactor protein (MCP) of complement maps to within 100 kb of the 3' end of the C3b/C4b receptor gene.
Authors: N S Bora, D M Lublin, B V Kumar, R D Hockett, V M Holers, J P Atkinson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

The structural gene for membrane cofactor protein (MCP), a widely distributed C3b/C4b binding regulatory glycoprotein of the complement system, has been mapped to the same locus as the structural genes for CR1, CR2, DAF, and C4bp. The order of the genes within an approximately 800-kb DNA fragment on the long arm of chromosome 1 is MCP-CR1-CR2-DAF-C4bp. Further, the MCP gene maps to within 100 kb of 3' end of the CR1 gene.
Variability of splanchnic blood flow measurements using MR velocity mapping under fasting and post-prandial conditions - comparison with echo-Doppler
Authors: Geert J. Lycklama à Nijeholt, Koos Burggraaf, Martin N.J.M. Wasser, Leo J. Schultze Kool, Rik C. Schoemaker, Adam F. Cohen, Albert de Roos
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)
Amyloidosis complicating cystic fibrosis.
Authors: K Gaffney, D Gibbons, B Keogh, M X FitzGerald
Journal: Thorax (1993)

Two patients with cystic fibrosis developed acute onset nephrotic syndrome and died within three months of presentation. Examination of renal biopsy specimens indicated amyloid. The onset of proteinuria or a fall in baseline renal function should alert the physician to this rare complication.
William Ian Cranston
Authors: A Cranston, A Cranston, I Cranston, D Cranston
Journal: BMJ (2007)

William Ian Cranston (always known as “Bill”) was born in 1928 in Glasgow. After being evacuated to Oswestry during the second world war, he moved to Aberdeen in September 1944 to study medicine, supported by an annual £25 scholarship. He graduated with honours in July 1949 at the age of 20 (the youngest ever graduate from Aberdeen Medical School).

After junior posts in Aberdeen, his national service was in the Royal Air Force. Although stationed at RAF …