tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Urgent Need to Increase Folic Acid Consumption
Authors: Godfrey P. Oakley
Journal: JAMA (1995)

Many Americans do not consume enough of folic acid, a B vitamin. In the last 5 years, it has been shown that increasing folate consumption with folic acid supplements will prevent some birth defects and may reduce the risk of occlusive vascular disease.<sup>1-3</sup>Consumption of supplemental folic acid in addition to folates contained in the usual diet can prevent half to three quarters of cases of spina bifida and anencephaly (SBA), two of the most common and severe birth defects. Furthermore, for many people increased consumption of folic acid substantially lowers the plasma concentration of homocysteine, an emerging risk factor for occlusive cardiovascular disease. See also p 1698. Folates are a class of compounds with the vitamin properties of folic acid (pteroylmonoglutamic acid). Folic acid is a folate that is used in vitamin supplements, and a number of other folate compounds occur naturally in foods, such as green vegetables.
The B cell response to a booster dose of MenCV at 1 year of age after three dose priming in infancy
Authors: G. Blanchard, M.D. Snape, D.F. Kelly, T. Waterhouse, F. Ceddia, V. Schultze, C. Nau, I. Galgani, C.A. Siegrist, A.J. Pollard
Journal: Journal of Infection (2007)
Mammography screening study hampered by inadequate data
Authors: L. Tabar
Journal: BMJ (2014)

History repeats itself. De Glas and colleagues question the positive impact of early detection on the advanced cancer rate by repeating a common fatal error: they do not know which breast cancers were found in women who attended screening and which were not. They admit that “the Netherlands cancer registry registers anonymous population data” but still use these inadequate data and …
Occurrence and clinical significance of thrombocytopenia in a population undergoing high-risk percutaneous coronary revascularization
Authors: Scott D. Berkowitz, David C. Sane, Kristina N. Sigmon, Jane H. Shavender, Robert A. Harrington, James E. Tcheng, Eric J. Topol, Robert M. Califf
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
ASSOCIATION OF A SPECIAL STRAIN OF PLEUROPNEUMONIA-LIKE ORGANISMS WITH CONJUNCTIVITIS IN A MOUSE COLONY
Authors: John B. Nelson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1950)

An outbreak of conjunctivitis, unaccompanied by involvement of the respiratory tract, is reported in a colony of white mice. A special strain of pleuropneumonia-like organisms was regularly isolated from the eyes and nasal passages of affected mice but not from the lungs or middle ears. Ocular carriage of these organisms in the absence of an inflammatory reaction occurred in at least 50 per cent of the adult mice. Transmission to the young was presumably initiated by parental contact, the organisms being recoverable after the eyes were open, and was continued after weaning by direct contact between cage mates. These organisms were repeatedly established on the conjunctiva of normal Swiss mice by direct contact with infected animals and subsequently maintained there for ten successive passages. Multiplication of the pleuropneumonia-like organisms, which was largely limited to the eye and its appendages, was accompanied by a low rate of conjunctivitis. The multiple conjunctival instillation of ocular washings from infected mice was the only additional method of implantation of the organisms which was successful.
Control of Hemorrhage
Authors: William B. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I had enjoyed the generally excellent articles on CLINICAL MANAGEMENT, until it was suggested (<b>201</b>:123, 1967) that prompt and rational management of unexpected bleeding in surgical patients should include "immediate administration of fresh blood,... simultaneous administration of fibrinogen,... and administration of 500 mg of hydrocortisone intravenously." Later it stated that in the presence of undiagnosed, uncontrollable bleeding at the operating table, the following succession of therapeutic agents should be tried: "fresh blood, factor VIII-rich fibrinogen, cryoprecipitated factor VIII, protamine sulfate, hydrocortisone or corticotropin, and phytonadione." I was amazed at the almost complete lack of suggestion that findings of normal clotting studies might indicate lacerated blood vessels as the cause of "uncontrollable hemorrhage." Our most recent case involved a man who had the aortic valve replaced. Postoperatively, blood continued to drain from a chest tube at a rate of 1.5 liters/hr. The surgeons were
Effect of Sex Hormones on Fetal Hemoglobin Levels
Authors: Ernest Beutler
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I have read with considerable interest the letter by Sutnick et al (<b>206</b>:1795, 1968) suggesting that additional observations on the effect of sex hormones on fetal hemoglobin levels would be of value. Some years ago we reported such studies.<sup>1</sup>Two patients with sickle cell disease were given chorionic gonadotropin and one was given conjugated equine estrogens and progesterone. Like Sutnick et al we observed transient increases in levels of hemoglobin F in both patients who were given chorionic gonadotropin. Subsequently, we have also carried out estimations of fetal hemoglobin levels in patients with malignant disorders receiving methotrexate, because it was known that some patients with megaloblastic anemias have increased levels of fetal hemoglobin in the circulation. No consistent effect on fetal hemoglobin levels could be achieved in these studies. We agree that preventing or reversing the switch from γ-chain production to β-chain production is an intriguing
Abstract 4560: A new IGF-1-integrated Child-Pugh score to risk-stratify patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ahmed O. Kaseb, Lianchun Xiao, Manal M. Hassan, Neeraj Shah, Asif Rashid, James L. Abbruzzese, Jeffrey Morris
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Purpose The Child-Pugh (CP) system is the major tool for assessing the underlying liver condition and guiding therapy decisions in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. It is itself relatively quantitative and uses five empirically selected variables, including hepatic encephalopathy and ascites, which are clinically difficult to grade and may vary in severity according to medical management of patients. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is produced predominantly in the liver, and hence reflects its synthetic function. Our study objective was to build a new CP score by integrating plasma IGF-1 level into the CP parameters to refine its prognostic stratification ability. Patients and Methods We prospectively collected plasma samples and clinical data from 310 individuals with HCC. IGF-1 levels were measured by ELISA and recursive partitioning was used to identify optimal cut points and IGF-1 ranges, using training and validation sets, and established the cut-off values of IGF-1 arranged so as to define the three distinct groups of IGF-1 with increasing liver function severity; A=1, B=2, and C=3. We then constructed the new score by replacing points from ascites and encephalopathy with plasma IGF-1 points; the new score points = 4-11. Finally, we performed log rank test for both systems, and also compared their prognostic abilities using concordance index (c-index). Results Compared with CP system, the new system (c -index = 0.608) improves the capacity in predicting OS and refined the stratification of all classes of the original CP (c-index = 0.573), (p value = 0.0029). Conclusion Replacing ascites and encephalopathy by plasma IGF-1 significantly improved prediction of OS and prognostic stratification of the conventional CP system. After external validation, the new scoring system may become the standard of care in guiding therapy decisions and stratifying HCC patients in clinical trials. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4560. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4560
Ultradian but not Circadian Blood Pressure Rhythms Correlate with Renal Dysfunction in Children with Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Elke Wu[Combining Diaeresis]hl, Charlotte Hadtstein, Otto Mehls, Franz Schaefer
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

Whereas the diurnal fall of BP (dipping) is an important prognostic marker in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), the integrity of physiologic ultradian (i.e., shorter than 24 h) cardiovascular rhythms in patients with CRF is unknown. Also, the relationship between conventional dipping analysis and Fourier spectral rhythm analysis has not been examined in renal hypertension. The prevalence and dimensions of the circadian and three ultradian (12, 8, and 6 h) cardiovascular rhythms were studied by ambulatory BP monitoring in 214 children (aged 3 to 18 yr) with CRF (stage 2 to 4 chronic kidney disease) and no antihypertensive treatment compared with 938 healthy control subjects, and the relationship of rhythm characteristics to conventional dipping parameters, renal function, proteinuria, and serum electrolytes was assessed. The CRF cohort exhibited significantly reduced amplitudes of the circadian and all ultradian cardiovascular rhythms studied (all P < 0.01). Moreover, all BP and most heart rate rhythms showed significantly delayed acrophases (time of peak; P < 0.01). Whereas conventional BP dipping parameters (day/night difference, day/night ratio) and the 24-h BP amplitude were independent of renal function, the 8-h BP amplitude was positively correlated with GFR (r = 0.3, P = 0.01) and inversely correlated with the urinary protein/creatinine ratio (r = −0.27, P < 0.05), and the 6-h BP amplitude was inversely correlated with proteinuria (r = −0.3, P < 0.02). Children who displayed 24- or 12-h cardiovascular rhythms had significantly lower serum calcium levels than children without these rhythms. In summary, children with CRF display not only blunted circadian but also blunted ultradian cardiovascular rhythms. Ultradian but not circadian rhythms or conventional dipping parameters are quantitatively associated with renal function and proteinuria.
Validity of the correlation of gallstones and pancreatic pathology
Authors: W. F. Erber, E. Lubowski, I. S. Levij, D. Birnbaum
Journal: Gut (1972)

In a necropsy survey of 724 patients from the Hebrew University Hospital (1964-67) 107 patients were found with gallstones. Ninety-five patients matched according to age and sex served as controls. No difference was found between control and gallstone patients with regard to the incidence and type of pancreatic pathology, except for intestinal metaplasia which was more frequent in the controls. Significantly more pancreatic pathology was found in Ashkenazi-born patients without gallstones than in the respective non-Ashkenazi group. In patients with gallstones no difference in pancreatic pathology was found between the two ethnic groups.Females with gallstones had significantly more hepatic disease than females without gallstones. This difference was not found in males. Hepatic disease alone was associated with a higher incidence of pancreatic pathology.
Kupffer cell-derived interleukin 10 is responsible for impaired bacterial clearance in bile duct-ligated mice
Authors: Tetsuya Abe, Toshiyuki Arai, Atsushi Ogawa, Takashi Hiromatsu, Akio Masuda, Tetsuya Matsuguchi, Yuji Nimura, Yasunobu Yoshikai
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Extrahepatic cholestasis often evokes liver injury with hepatocyte apoptosis, aberrant cytokine production, and—most importantly—postoperative septic complications. To clarify the involvement of aberrant cytokine production and hepatocyte apoptosis in impaired resistance to bacterial infection in obstructive cholestasis, C57BL/6 mice or Fas-mutated lpr mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 10 7 colony-forming units of Escherichia coli 5 days after bile duct ligation (BDL) or sham celiotomy. Cytokine levels in sera, liver, and immune cells were assessed via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. BDL mice showed delayed clearance of E. coli in peritoneal cavity, liver, and spleen. Significantly higher levels of serum interleukin (IL) 10 with lower levels of IL-12p40 were observed in BDL mice following E. coli infection. Interferon γ production from liver lymphocytes in BDL mice was not increased after E. coli infection either at the transcriptional or protein level. Kupffer cells from BDL mice produced low levels of IL-12p40 and high levels of IL-10 in vitro in response to lipopolysaccharide derived from E. coli . In vivo administration of anti-IL-10 monoclonal antibody ameliorated the course of E. coli infection in BDL mice. Furthermore, BDL- lpr mice did not exhibit impairment in E. coli killing in association with little hepatic injury and a small amount of IL-10 production. In conclusion , increased IL-10 and reciprocally suppressed IL-12 production by Kupffer cells are responsible for deteriorated resistance to bacterial infection in BDL mice. Fas-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis in cholestasis may be involved in the predominant IL-10 production by Kupffer cells. (Hepatology 2004;40:414-423.)
Genital Abnormalities and Psychological Problems
Authors: James A. Farrow
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Macfarlane et al (242:442, 1979), "Improved Life Expectancy for Children With Exstrophy of the Bladder," points out that long-term survival for children with surgical treatment of exstrophy of the bladder is now common. The authors allude to quality of life's being compromised by recurrent infection, repeated hospitalizations for plastic repair of accompanying congenital genitourinary deformities, and the presence of malodorous bowel and urinary products. Male adolescents with exstrophy and genital abnormalities suffer great problems in psychosexual adjustment. Important adolescent developmental tasks are achievement of a stable sexual identity role and, early in adolescence, becoming comfortable with pubertal body changes. Like many other chronic illnesses (juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus, cystic fibrosis, and asthma) in adolescents, attention must be paid to the psychological impact of these illnesses on normal developmental tasks. Maladaptive behavior is common in adolescents with congenital genitourinary problems. Delinquency, sexual promiscuity, lack of social
Using peripheral blood mononuclear cells to determine proteome profiles in human cardiac failure
Authors: Alessia Mazzola, Riccardo Cianti, Luca Bini, Alessandro Armini, Ivano Eberini, Gerarda Pompella, Pier Leopoldo Capecchi, Mariarita Natale, Maria P. Abbracchio, Franco Laghi‐Pasini
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2008)
Differential phosphorylation of azidothymidine, dideoxycytidine, and dideoxyinosine in resting and activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Authors: W Y Gao, T Shirasaka, D G Johns, S Broder, H Mitsuya
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The antiviral activity of azidothymidine (AZT), dideoxycytidine (ddC), and dideoxyinosine (ddI) against HIV-1 was comparatively evaluated in PHA-stimulated PBM. The mean drug concentration which yielded 50% p24 Gag negative cultures were substantially different: 0.06, 0.2, and 6 microM for AZT, ddC, and ddI, respectively. We found that AZT was preferentially phosphorylated to its triphosphate (TP) form in PHA-PBM rather than unstimulated, resting PBM (R-PBM), producing 10- to 17-fold higher ratios of AZTTP/dTTP in PHA-PBM than in R-PBM. The phosphorylation of ddC and ddI to their TP forms was, however, much less efficient in PHA-PBM, resulting in approximately 5-fold and approximately 15-fold lower ratios of ddCTP/dCTP and ddATP/dATP, respectively, in PHA-PBM than in R-PBM. The comparative order of PHA-induced increase in cellular enzyme activities examined was: thymidine kinase > uridine kinase > deoxycytidine kinase > adenosine kinase > 5'-nucleotidase. We conclude that AZT, ddC, and ddI exert disproportionate antiviral effects depending on the activation state of the target cells, i.e., ddI and ddC exert antiviral activity more favorably in resting cells than in activated cells, while AZT preferentially protects activated cells against HIV infection. Considering that HIV-1 proviral DNA synthesis in resting lymphocytes is reportedly initiated at levels comparable with those of activated lymphocytes, the current data should have practical relevance in the design of anti-HIV chemotherapy, particularly combination chemotherapy.
Physiologic Facial Muscle Uptake on 18F-FDG PET/CT by Chewing-Like Habitual Movement in Patient With Sjögren Syndrome
Authors: Dong Hyun Lee, Joon-Kee Yoon, Seok-Ho Yoon, Su Jin Lee, Young-Sil An
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2015)

An 84-year-old female patient with known Sjögren syndrome underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT to detect recurrence of uterine cervix cancer. Sjögren syndrome is autoimmune disease that typically produces symptoms of dry mouth and eyes. We report a case of physiologic 18F-FDG uptake on facial muscles by chewing-like habitual movement, which was confused with salivary retention at first. The physiologic FDG uptake in oral cavity and facial muscles has to be reviewed carefully not to be confused with abnormal uptake.
PSA Screening and Prostate Cancer Incidence-Reply
Authors: Steven J. Jacobsen
Journal: JAMA (1996)

In Reply.  —We agree with the comments from Drs Rhoads and Mills regarding the lack of data in our article that demonstrate a reduction in morbidity and mortality from prostate cancer. However, their assertion that the transient increase in incidence of prostate caner will not be short lived is perhaps too globally stated. The duration of the increase is a function of the incidence and prevalence of cancer and it also depends on the degree of penetration of screening programs. In Olmsted County, Minnesota, where the rates of serum PSA testing have reached 50% of the population of men in their 60s, the transient increase will be much shorter lived than in areas where only 10% to 20% of the population is screened each year.  Rhoads and Mills are also correct in focusing on mortality as one of the ultimate measures of efficacy of the screening program. We hope that
A Case of Amphetamine-Induced Dyskinesia
Authors: Herbert H. Eveloff
Journal: JAMA (1968)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I enjoyed Drs. Mattson and Calverley's article on dextroamphetamine - sulfate - produced dyskinesias (204:400, 1968) and wish to add one more case to the four they reported. In an 18-year-old girl I have been seeing for an adjustment reaction of adolescence, involuntary lateral movement of the jaw suddenly developed. These occurred several times a minute and were accentuated by use of the involved muscles. The patient revealed that these movements coincided with the ingestion of dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine) sulfate, 5mg, three times a day given to her by her local doctor for control of a mild weight problem. Upon my advice, the patient ceased taking this medication and the dyskinetic movements of her jaw disappeared within a few hours. After a period of several months, it seemed advisable to try stimulants for reasons not pertinent to this communication and I chose dextroamphetamine sulfate; I felt this would present an
A High Molecular Weight Antigen in Legionnaires' Disease Bacterium: Isolation and Partial Characterization
Authors: WILLIAM JOHNSON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

We isolated a high molecular weight antigen of the Legionnaires' disease (LD) bacterium by column chromatography. The antigen was composed of 35% carbohydrate, 2.6% protein, 1.8% phospholipid, and 1% 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate and was important in the host's antibody response because it inhibited the indirect immunofluorescent and microagglutination titers of convalescent sera from patients with Legionnaires' disease. The antigen also formed precipitin bands with seven of 10 convalescent sera from patients with Legionnaires' disease. We found chemical and biological evidence of endotoxinlike activity associated with the antigen. Cell sonicates and acid extracts of the LD bacterium gave multiple bands in immunodiffusion with human convalescent serum and rabbit antisera prepared against heat-killed LD bacteria. The antigenic structure of the LD bacterium therefore appears complex.
Is <i>mda-7/IL-24</i> a “Magic Bullet” for Cancer?
Authors: Paul B. Fisher
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract The “holy grail” of cancer therapy is to identify and exploit genetic elements and signal transduction pathways capable of selectively destroying tumor cells without eliciting harmful effects in normal cells or tissues. To achieve this objective, subtraction hybridization was combined with a “differentiation therapy” model of cancer in which human melanoma cells were induced to revert to a more “normal” state, growth arrest irreversibly, and terminally differentiate by treatment with fibroblast IFN and mezerein. This strategy permitted the cloning of a variety of genes involved in regulating important physiologic processes, including cell cycle, response to cytokines and viruses, tumorigenesis and metastasis, cancer growth control, apoptosis, and senescence. A specific gene, melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7/interleukin-24 (mda-7/IL-24), displaying cancer-specific apoptosis-inducing properties isolated using this scheme has now come into the limelight as a new gene therapy for divergent cancers. Although the mechanism of cancer cell selectivity of mda-7/IL-24 remains to be delineated, numerous attributes enable this gene as an effective therapy for cancer, including an ability to discriminate between normal and cancer cells, induce apoptosis in diverse tumor cells, promote “bystander” antitumor effects, inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis in animal models, synergize with radiation, and modulate immune responses. These unique features combined with successful transition into the clinic instill confidence that mda-7/IL-24, as a single or more likely as part of a combinatorial approach, may provide profound therapeutic benefit for cancer patients.