tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SOFT TISSUE CALCIFICATIONS IN CORD LESIONS
Authors: Miriam Liberson
Journal: JAMA (1953)

The interest in soft tissue calcifications in cord injuries arose after World War I when a number of wounded veterans exhibited that type of injury. Special hospitals for paraplegics were established. A great number of such patients were studied by a group of French neurologists, orthopedists, and pathologists. As a result of this study an interesting paper was published in 1919 by Mme. Déjerine<sup>1</sup>and her co-workers. This was a comprehensive study, and the French authors' observations and deductions as to the clinical, anatomic, and pathological aspects of the soft tissue calcifications in cord injuries still hold true and have served as a basis for later studies. This paper is the only one up-to-date that offers an extensive pathological study of 11 cases. As described by the French authors, these calcifications show the following essential characteristics: 1. They always appear below the level of the cord lesion. 2. Their
Placement of covered self-expanding metal stent to treat razor blade-induced esophageal hemorrhage
Authors: E. Kaya, P. Lenz, P. Lebiedz, K. Baumgarten, J. Wessling, D. Domagk
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

A prisoner (42 years old) was admitted to a hospital emergency department after swallowing razor blades in a suicide attempt. The patient had no symptoms such as retrosternal pain or dysphagia. The blades were extracted endoscopically, which caused longitudinal esophageal lesions and acute bleeding. The insertion of a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube initially stabilized the patient. After the tube had been deflated, massive hematemesis with hypovolemic shock required the insertion of a self-expanding metal stent (SEMS) (SX-Ella DANIS Stent; ELLA-CS Co., Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) ([Fig. 1]).
Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain
Authors: Robert J. Joynt
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<i>Descartes' Error</i>is a delightfully written account of the author's views on brain function. It is suitable for people who wonder how we wonder, for physicians who need to be reminded of what a wonderful creation is the brain, and for scientists who want to see how a hypothesis should be tested. The book has two parts. The first is the development of the idea that the neural substrates for emotion and for reason are intertwined and that one is necessary for the other. The second part tests this proposal. The introductory portion retells the story of Phineas Gage, who had a tamping rod blown through his skull. He had profound behavioral changes following this terrible event. Recently, Hanna Damasio, also a noted neuroscientist, along with a group of investigators including the author, analyzed the extant skull of Gage and proposed that the most prominent damage was in the ventromedial
Gulamabbas Juma (Zef) Ebrahim
Authors: A. Costello, S. Ebrahim
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Transformed maternal and paediatric care in Tanzania



By the time he left Tanzania in 1970, Gulamabbas Juma (Zef) Ebrahim had created the first department of paediatrics in the country, at the new medical school in Dar es Salaam. It had innovations ahead of its time: community paediatric services for parts of the country that were accessible only by foot and the training of traditional midwives. The emphasis of Ebrahim’s work in Tanzania was to provide integrated care for mothers and children in rural community settings rather than in secondary care.⇑

In 1966, when he worked from the boot of his car because he had no hospital office and the family’s quarters were cramped, Ebrahim wrote Practical Mother and Child Health in Developing Countries. It became one of the most popular texts for health workers in the developing world. The message was that healthcare should start at the grassroots level in communities—not in ivory towers—and this has spread …
Grand Rounds--Hammersmith Hospital: Hazards of running a marathon
Authors: G R Thompson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Venous ulceration is the most severe and debilitating outcome of chronic venous insufficiency in the leg.It is a common problem in clinical practice, with an estimated prevalence of 1-1.3%. 1 2 Such ulceration is part of the complex of chronic venous insufficiency and is associated with distal vein hypertension.Chronic venous insufficiency and its accompanying venous hypertension have been termed the post-thrombotic syndrome, but it is now known that primary valvar incompetence, not just prior thrombosis, is an important cause of venous leg ulcer. 3Dysfunction of the superficial or perforating veins of the legs, alone or in combination, may be the only finding in leg ulceration. 4 Nevertheless, a risk factor for venous ulceration remains a previous episode of deep vein thrombosis, which may or may not destroy venous valve function. 5 It is clear, however, that a venous ulcer in the leg occurs mainly from reflux and not usually from persistence of the original obstructive process. 6 7 MethodsWe relied largely on our own files to prepare this review.We accumulated these by weekly searches of Current Contents, which provides tables of contents of almost all medical publications published worldwide.Our files are arranged into categories, and the category of venous ulcer crosses many of these designations.Searches for evidence based information about venous disorders are often disappointing, but we used at least level 2 information whenever possible, tempered by our own experience.Diagnosis and treatment of venous disorders commands greater interest, and level 1 information is starting to appear, including treatment of venous thromboembolic disorders.This heralds better care of patients with venous problems.(Level 1 information means findings from large prospective randomised studies with definite conclusions that should be considered when managing any patient with the specified problem; level 2 information means findings from smaller prospective randomised studies with less definite results that may be relevant to some patients.) Causes of severe chronic venous insufficiency Gravitational refluxVenous insufficiency can be classified as primary or secondary.Primary venous insufficiency occurs when no obvious cause of valvar dysfunction is identified.
Death receptors couple to both cell proliferation and apoptosis
Authors: Ralph C. Budd
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

No one will dispute that death receptors do exactly what their name suggests, induce programmed cell death. In addition, however, several reports have recently suggested that these receptors, or their downstream regulators, may also function in certain aspects of cell growth or differentiation. These claims might be met with justifiable skepticism. Certainly there is nothing more opposite in cell fate than growth and death. Yet the signal pathways used by these two processes appear to commingle, and the eventual outcome of the signaling vector may be bent toward one result over the other by seemingly subtle balances among these components.

Here, following a brief review of the traditional signal pathways that lead from death receptor activation to apoptosis, I scrutinize the various reports of increased growth or differentiation mediated by these same receptors. I then consider newly identified signal pathways linked to death receptors that might promote growth and, finally, speculate on whether these events represent merely interesting in vitro manipulations or actual physiologically important processes.
Histamine receptor H1 signaling on dendritic cells plays a key role in the IFN-γ/IL-17 balance in T cell–mediated skin inflammation
Authors: Béatrice Vanbervliet, Mübeccel Akdis, Marc Vocanson, Aurore Rozières, Josette Benetière, Paul Rouzaire, Cezmi A. Akdis, Jean-François Nicolas, Ana Hennino
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Legislating drug prescribing practices
Authors: R. J. Venable
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —One of the most significant findings cited by Dr Shorr and colleagues 1 is that having more nursing personnel results in a greater ability to decrease the use of neuroleptic drugs. This is a finding of profound importance. It suggests that if legislators wish to decrease the use of these drugs, one way to do so is to increase staffing. It also suggests that some nursing homes in Tennessee are understaffed and, perhaps, that the greater use of these drugs is necessary when there is low staffing. Unfortunately, the importance of this finding was obscured by the authors' emphasis on the effect that the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 (OBRA-87) had on physicians' prescribing habits.  Staffing may be an intervening variable that affects much of the drug use data in the study. One might suppose that if Tennessee nursing home staffs were being bolstered during or
Molecular assays for surveillance of antifolate-resistant malaria
Authors: James G Kublin, Richard S Witzig, Anuraj H Shankar, Jorge Quintana Zurita, Robert H Gilman, Javier Aramburu Guarda, Joseph F Cortese, Christopher V Plowe
Journal: The Lancet (1998)

Pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine (PS) is the only affordable alternative treatment in many areas of the world with chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Where antifolates have been introduced widely, resistance has developed quickly. 1 Peters W Chemotherapy and drug resistance in malaria. Academic Press, London1987 Google Scholar Due to limitations of methods for monitoring resistance, health officials presently make treatment recommendations based on limited information.
The Moment of Truth
Authors: Thomas L. Schwenk
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cycle helmets Deter people from cycling
Authors: R Keatinge, A Wachtel
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - Leonard Evans refers to a rise in the rate of motorcycle deaths after repeal of motorcycle helmet legislation in about half of the United States.1 However, the rise in deaths per registered motorcycle was actually greater in the states that continued to enforce the use of motorcycle helmets. These and other data strongly indicate the futility of helmet legislation.2

Two scientific problems make it difficult to describe the effect of helmets on injuries to pedal cyclists. Firstly, people who voluntarily wear helmets tend to be different from those who do not; this confounds published studies of voluntary wearing so badly that the results cannot support arguments for helmet use. Secondly, modern road use intrinsically involves balancing risks, and people in pursuit of a goal have a strong tendency to compensate for one lowered risk by increasing exposure to other risks.2 Indeed, W Robert Pitt and colleagues' graph suggests an increase of non-head injuries due to cycle helmets.3

C Maimaris and …
Unsuspected Foreign Body in Putrid Bronchiectasis
Authors: J. S. Glennie, J. F. Dark, D. C. Lindars
Journal: BMJ (1952)

found that, although antihistamine drugs did not have any effect on the vestibular symptoms when they had developed, there was evidence that these drugs, given prophylactically, were of some use in preventing the development of these symptoms.Some of the damage resulting from such allergy has been found to be permanent, particularly in older patients.SUMMARY A case is described in which various fairly common neurotoxic manifestations developed following treatment with streptomycin.In addition there developed a temporary paresis of an extraocular muscle.It is possible that all of these neurotoxic manifestations have the common factor of allergy.
Nurses should be allowed to run abortion services up to nine weeks, charity says
Authors: Michael Day
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The law requiring women to get the consent of two doctors before they can have an abortion is “archaic” and should be dispensed with, according to the British Pregnancy Advisory Service. 

In addition, nurses should be allowed to run medical abortion services for terminations up to nine weeks, and the legal limit for abortion should remain at 24 weeks despite pressure for it to be reduced. 

The service's chief executive, Ann Furedi, made the claims while announcing the results of a MORI poll of 2000 people, which showed that a clear majority of the public still backed legal abortion. The proportion had fallen from 64% to …
RNA Interference Targeting CUG Repeats in a Mouse Model of Myotonic Dystrophy
Authors: Krzysztof Sobczak, Thurman M Wheeler, Wenli Wang, Charles A Thornton
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an RNA dominant disease caused by expression of DM protein kinase (DMPK) transcripts that contain an expanded CUG repeat (CUGexp). The toxic mRNA localizes to nuclear foci and sequesters proteins involved in the regulation of alternative splicing, such as, muscleblind-like 1 (MBNL1). Here, we used synthetic short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to target CUG repeats and test the concept that inhibiting the expression of CUGexp RNA can mitigate features of DM1 in transgenic mice. Intramuscular injection and electroporation of siRNA resulted in ~70–80% downregulation of CUGexp transcripts. A limited survey of endogenous mouse transcripts that contain nonexpanded CUG or CAG repeats showed that most were not affected, though Txlnb containing (CUG)9 was significantly reduced. By this strategy, the number and intensity of CUGexp nuclear foci were reduced and splicing of MBNL1-dependent exons was improved. These data suggest that the expanded CUG repeats are a potential target for allele-selective RNA interference. Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an RNA dominant disease caused by expression of DM protein kinase (DMPK) transcripts that contain an expanded CUG repeat (CUGexp). The toxic mRNA localizes to nuclear foci and sequesters proteins involved in the regulation of alternative splicing, such as, muscleblind-like 1 (MBNL1). Here, we used synthetic short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to target CUG repeats and test the concept that inhibiting the expression of CUGexp RNA can mitigate features of DM1 in transgenic mice. Intramuscular injection and electroporation of siRNA resulted in ~70–80% downregulation of CUGexp transcripts. A limited survey of endogenous mouse transcripts that contain nonexpanded CUG or CAG repeats showed that most were not affected, though Txlnb containing (CUG)9 was significantly reduced. By this strategy, the number and intensity of CUGexp nuclear foci were reduced and splicing of MBNL1-dependent exons was improved. These data suggest that the expanded CUG repeats are a potential target for allele-selective RNA interference.
MEDULLARY CARCINOMA OF MECKEL'S DIVERTICULUM
Authors: Allen N. Wiseley
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Meckel's diverticulum is due to the persistence of the proximal portion of the vitelline duct, which connects the yolk sac with the small intestine in the embryo. The frequency of its occurrence as given by Ewing is 2.7 per cent. Balfour reports 15 cases out of 10,600 laparotomies. Telling found 39 cases in 13,068 necropsies. Most of the literature reporting on the pathology of Meckel's diverticulum has to do with diverticulitis and intestinal obstruction. Of all malignant tumors of the intestinal tract, not more than 2 or 3 per cent occur in the small bowel. Only five cases of sarcoma of Meckel's diverticulum have been reported. Hassner, in 1913, reporting his case of spindle cell sarcoma of the diverticulum, stated that there were then no cases of primary carcinoma of Meckel's diverticulum in the literature. M. M. Copeland, in a personal communication, states that in the surgical pathologic laboratory of
"DERMAL MANIFESTATIONS OF VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY"
Authors: Chester N. Frazier
Journal: JAMA (1934)

To the Editor:—  I have read with interest the editorial on Dermal Manifestations of Vitamin A Deficiency, which appeared inThe Journal, March 10. In connection with this I should like to refer you to an article by myself and Dr. C. K. Hu on Cutaneous Lesions Associated with a Deficiency of Vitamin A in Man, which was published in the Archives of Internal Medicine  49 :507 (Sept.) 1931. I think you will find that Dr. Loewenthal's observations in general are similar to those made in Peiping.
Mechanisms of Retarded Apical Filling in Acute Ischemic Left Ventricular Failure
Authors: Kjetil Steine, Marie Stugaard, Otto A. Smiseth
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —We examined the hypothesis that retardation of apical filling as measured by color M-mode Doppler echocardiography in the diseased left ventricle (LV) reflects a decrease in the intraventricular mitral-to-apical pressure gradient. Methods and Results —In 9 open-chest anesthetized dogs, micromanometers were placed near the mitral tip and in the apical region. From the color M-mode Doppler images, the time delay (TD) between peak velocity at the mitral tip and the apical region was determined as an index of LV flow propagation. Acute ischemic LV failure was induced by coronary microembolization. Induction of ischemia caused a marked increase in LV end-diastolic pressure and a decrease in LV ejection fraction. The time constant of LV isovolumic apical pressure decay (τ) increased from 31±8 to 49±16 ms ( P &lt;0.001). The peak early diastolic mitral-to-apical pressure gradient (ΔPLV mitral-apex ) decreased from 1.9±0.9 to 0.7±0.5 mm Hg ( P &lt;0.01), and TD increased from 5±3 to 57±26 ms ( P &lt;0.001). The slowing of flow propagation was limited to the apical portion of the LV cavity. The TD correlated with ΔPLV mitral-apex ( r =−0.94, P &lt;0.01) and with τ ( r =0.92, P &lt;0.01). Before ischemia, the mitral-to-apical flow propagation velocity far exceeded the velocity of the individual blood cells, whereas during ischemia, flow propagation velocity approximated the blood velocity. Conclusions —Retardation of apical filling in acute ischemic failure was attributed to a decrease in the mitral-to-apical driving pressure, reflecting slowing of LV relaxation. The slowing of flow propagation appeared to represent a shift in apical filling from a pattern of column motion to a pattern dominated by convection.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Cardiomyopathy in a Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Carrier and Her Diseased Son: Similar Pattern Revealed by Cardiovascular MRI”
Authors: Ali Yilmaz, Udo Sechtem, Hans-Jürgen Gdynia, Albert C. Ludolph, Karin Klingel, Reinhard Kandolf
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Endothelial Cell–Derived Endothelin-1 Promotes Cardiac Fibrosis in Diabetic Hearts Through Stimulation of Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Bambang Widyantoro, Noriaki Emoto, Kazuhiko Nakayama, Dyah W. Anggrahini, Suko Adiarto, Naoko Iwasa, Keiko Yagi, Kazuya Miyagawa, Yoshiyuki Rikitake, Takashi Suzuki, Yaz Y. Kisanuki, Masashi Yanagisawa, Ken-ichi Hirata
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— Persistently high plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels in diabetic patients have been associated with the development of cardiac fibrosis, which results from the deposition of extracellular matrix and fibroblast recruitment from an as-yet unknown source. The underlying mechanism, however, remains elusive. Here, we hypothesize that ET-1 might contribute to the accumulation of cardiac fibroblasts through an endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in diabetic hearts. Methods and Results— We induced diabetes mellitus in vascular endothelial cell–specific ET-1 knockout [ET-1 f/f ;Tie2-Cre (+)] mice and their wild-type littermates using the toxin streptozotocin. Gene expression and histological and functional parameters were examined at 8, 24, and 36 weeks after the induction of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus increased cardiac ET-1 expression in wild-type mice, leading to mitochondrial disruption and myofibril disarray through the generation of superoxide. Diabetic mice also showed impairment of cardiac microvascularization and a decrease in cardiac vascular endothelial growth factor expression. ET-1 further promotes cardiac fibrosis and heart failure through the accumulation of fibroblasts via endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. All of these features were abolished in ET-1 f/f ;Tie2-Cre (+) hearts. Targeted ET-1 gene silencing by small interfering RNA in cultured human endothelial cells ameliorated high glucose–induced phenotypic transition and acquisition of a fibroblast marker through the inhibition of transforming growth factor-β signaling activation and preservation of the endothelial cell-to-cell contact regulator VE-cadherin. Conclusions— These results provide new insights suggesting that diabetes mellitus–induced cardiac fibrosis is associated with the emergence of fibroblasts from endothelial cells and that this endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition process is stimulated by ET-1. Targeting endothelial cell–derived ET-1 might be beneficial in the prevention of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
1166 THE PREDICTIVE VALUE OF IL28B GENE POLYMORPHISM FOR RESPONSE TO PEGINTERFERON AND RIBAVIRIN IS ENHANCED BY QUANTITATION OF IP-10 IN PRETREATMENT SERUM
Authors: M.W. Fried, J. Aerssens, A. Thompson, J. Darling, J.G. McHutchison, C. Howell, N. Afdhal, J. Bollekens, M. DeWit, A. Scholliers, K. Shianna, D. Goldstein, G. Fanning
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)