tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Peptide Signaling in Human Placenta and Membranes: Autocrine, Paracrine, and Endocrine Mechanisms*
Authors: FELICE PETRAGLIA, PASQUALE FLORIO, CARMINE NAPPI, ANDREA R. GENAZZANI
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1996)

A. Neurohormones 1. Oxytocin (OT) 2. Opioids 3. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) 4. GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin 5. CRF and CRF-binding protein (CRF-BP) 6. GnRH B. Growth factors (Table 3) 1. Inhibin 2. Activin and follistatin 3. Transforming growth factors (TGFs) 4. EGF 5. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) 6. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 7. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) C. Cytokines 1. Interleukins (ILs) 2. Tumor necrosis factor-a (TNFa) 3. Interferons (IFNs) IV.Autocrine/Paracrine Actions of Locally Produced Factors A. Regulation of local hormonogenesis 1.Control of
Axo-glial dysjunction. A novel structural lesion that accounts for poorly reversible slowing of nerve conduction in the spontaneously diabetic bio-breeding rat.
Authors: A A Sima, S A Lattimer, S Yagihashi, D A Greene
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Biochemical abnormalities in peripheral nerve are thought to precede and condition the development of diabetic neuropathy, but metabolic intervention in chronic diabetic neuropathy produces only limited acute clinical response. The residual, metabolically unresponsive neurological deficits have never been rigorously defined in terms of either persistent metabolic derangements or irreversible structural defects because human nerve tissue is rarely accessible for anatomical and biochemical study and experimentally diabetic animals do not develop the structural hallmarks of human diabetic neuropathy. Detailed neuroanatomical-functional-biochemical correlation was therefore undertaken in long-term spontaneously diabetic BB-Wistar rats that functionally and structurally model human diabetic neuropathy. Vigorous insulin replacement in chronically diabetic BB rats essentially normalized both the sural nerve fiber caliber spectrum and the decreased sciatic nerve myo-inositol and (Na,K)-ATPase levels generally associated with conduction slowing in diabetic animals; yet, nerve conduction was only partially restored toward normal. Morphometric analysis revealed a striking disappearance of paranodal axo-glial junctional complexes that was not corrected by insulin replacement. Loss of these strategic junctional complexes, which are thought to limit lateral migration of axolemmal Na channels away from nodes of Ranvier, correlates with and can account for the diminished nodal Na permeability and resultant nodal conduction delay characteristic of chronic diabetic neuropathy in this animal model.
CNS involvement and treatment with interferon-α are independent prognostic factors in Erdheim-Chester disease: a multicenter survival analysis of 53 patients
Authors: Laurent Arnaud, Baptiste Hervier, Antoine Néel, Mohamed A. Hamidou, Jean-Emmanuel Kahn, Bertrand Wechsler, Gemma Pérez-Pastor, Bjørn Blomberg, Jean-Gabriel Fuzibet, François Dubourguet, António Marinho, Catherine Magnette, Violaine Noel, Michel Pavic, Jochen Casper, Anne-Bérangère Beucher, Nathalie Costedoat-Chalumeau, Laurent Aaron, Juan Salvatierra, Carlos Graux, Patrice Cacoub, Véronique Delcey, Claudia Dechant, Pascal Bindi, Christiane Herbaut, Giorgio Graziani, Zahir Amoura, Julien Haroche
Journal: Blood (2011)
Zygomycosis and HIV infection
Authors: Miguel R. Sanchez, Isabelle Ponge-Wilson, Janet A. Moy, Stanley Rosenthal
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1994)

The severe immunosuppression associated with HIV infection increases susceptibility to opportunistic fungi. We describe a primary gangrenous cutaneous infection caused by Rhizopus arrhizus in an HIV-infected intravenous narcotic user. In addition, we review nine reported cases of zygomycosis in HIV-infected patients and discuss the frequency and outcome of zygomycosis in HIV infection. Eight of 10 patients were intravenous drug users. Cutaneous infection occurred in four patients. Another case was associated with drug-induced neutropenia. With treatment, 60% of the patients recovered. HIV-induced immunosuppression rarely predisposes to zygomycosis except in intravenous drug users or persons with other risk factors for this fungal infection.
NOTE ON SOME GYNECIC USES OF BORIC ACID.
Authors: WILLIAM WARREN POTTER
Journal: JAMA (1889)

It is simply proposed at this time to record some personal experiences with boric acid in gynecological work. This will necessitate a tolerably free employment of the personal pronoun, for which I trust your pardon will be readily granted. I was first led to the use of this agent in the manner detailed, in casting about for a substitute for iodoform. After using the latter drug twelve years, surgically and gynecologically, in sundry and divers ways, I was compelled to abandon it by reason of a poisonous effect it produced on my hands. This was a sore grievance, for it seemed at the time as if it meant the relinquishment of my work to a considerable extent. Whenever I suspended the use of iodoform my hands recovered, but every time I took it up again a dermatitis was set up, and exfoliation of the cuticle followed. In boxing the compass
How to Keep Fit &amp;amp; Enjoy It; a Step-by-Step Approach to Fitness After 30
Authors: Fred V. Hein
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This volume, written by a physician who understands both the scientific background and the practical approaches to physical fitness, is in refreshing contrast to some of the popular literature that has appeared on the subject in recent months. The current, heightened interest in fitness has evoked a rash of articles and some books dealing with its various aspects. Unfortunately, the content of many of these has been conflicting and confused, and has perpetuated among the public misconceptions about fitness. A cogent example is the implication that exercise programs can change selective service rejection rates when, upon a moment's reflection, it becomes obvious that the causes for rejection have little or nothing to do with physical activity. How to<i>Keep Fit and Enjoy It</i>is a clearly written and scientifically based book containing sensible advice for the large proportion of our population over 30 years of age. Dr. Guild feels it
Experience with the Wilson and Blair Medium for B. dysenteriae (Flexner)
Authors: D. B. Bradshaw
Journal: BMJ (1942)

Cerebrospinal meningitis often occurs in epidemic form, but -is more-usually sporadic.Underwood, reviewing a recent outbreak, states that it is very widespread, and ther'e is no county in England and Wales which has not had at least one case.This statement is important, as it affirms that cases can crop up in any district without other active cases being present.This "point is borne out in our cases, for, so far as is known up to date, no others had occ'urred previously,or have arisen since, in the -area from Which each patient came.Medical officers in charge of the health of workers in large industrial concerns or war under- takings of any sort have a special responsibility in this matter, for it is among such people that' the disease is apt to occur, and quite often without any warning.So in any case where sudden mental symptoms develop the possibility of cerebrospinal meningitis' should be kept in mind.Mental Hospitals and Cases of Meningitis It is the duty of mental hospitals to receive patients suffering from confused mental states as well as from any other form of mental illness, whether the condition be due to known, unknown, or' overlooked causes.We may, therefore, draw attention to what is now regarded as the most satisfactory procedure for the admission of such cases.The recovery rate for this type of acute mental illness is high.If the mental state is directly due to an organic illness, and the latter is curable, the mental state will clear up in most instances on recovery from 'the primary illness.But even where no definite cause can be found the outlook is reasonably good.So there is a distinct hope that these 'types of.case' will recover' within six months or, at most, a year.Previous to the Mental Treatment Act, 1930, the only means of admitting these patients was by some form of certification with a magistrate's order.This was realized to be a hardship to such recoverable cases, and thus the procedure of admission as a temporary patient was introduced.Here no magistrate's order is needed.All that is required is:
Effect of acid infusion into various levels of the intestine on gastric and pancreatic secretion in the cat
Authors: S. J. Konturek, J. Dubiel, B. Gabrys
Journal: Gut (1969)

Intraduodenal infusion of increasing amounts of hydrochloric acid solution results in a stepwise increase in the volume of pancreatic secretion and output of bicarbonate, reaching about 90% of amounts attained with exogenous secretin infused intravenously in increasing doses. Acid infusion into the different regions of the intestine stimulates pancreatic secretion only from the duodenum and upper jejunum, suggesting that the area of endogenous release of secretin by acid is confined to the upper part of the small bowel in the cat. Gastric acid secretion induced by pentagastrin, but not by histamine, is inhibited by acid perfusion of the duodenum. The acidification of other parts of the small intestine does not result in any change in gastric acid secretion induced either by pentagastrin or by histamine.
Warfarin Use among Ambulatory Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: The AnTicoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study
Authors: Alan S. Go, Elaine M. Hylek, Leila H. Borowsky, Kathleen A. Phillips, Joe V. Selby, Daniel E. Singer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Background: Warfarin dramatically reduces the risk for ischemic stroke in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, but its use among ambulatory patients with atrial fibrillation has not been widely studied. Objective: To assess the rates and predictors of warfarin use in ambulatory patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Large health maintenance organization. Patients: 13 428 patients with a confirmed ambulatory diagnosis of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and known warfarin status between 1 July 1996 and 31 December 1997. Measurements: Data from automated pharmacy, laboratory, and clinical-administrative databases were used to determine the prevalence and determinants of warfarin use in the 3 months before or after the identified diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. Results: Of 11 082 patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and no known contraindications, 55% received warfarin. Warfarin use was substantially lower in patients who were younger than 55 years of age (44.3%) and those who were 85 years of age or older (35.4%). Only 59.3% of patients with one or more risk factors for stroke and no contraindications were receiving warfarin. Among a subset of "ideal" candidates to receive warfarin (persons 65 to 74 years of age who had no contraindications and had previous stroke, hypertension, or both), 62.1% had evidence of warfarin use. Among our entire cohort, the strongest predictors of receiving warfarin were previous stroke (adjusted odds ratio, 2.55 [95% CI, 2.23 to 2.92]), heart failure (odds ratio, 1.63 [CI, 1.51 to 1.77]), previous intracranial hemorrhage (odds ratio, 0.33 [CI, 0.21 to 0.52]), age 85 years or older (odds ratio, 0.35 [CI, 0.31 to 0.40]), and previous gastrointestinal hemorrhage (odds ratio, 0.47 [CI, 0.40 to 0.57]). Conclusions: In a large, contemporary cohort of ambulatory patients with atrial fibrillation who received care within a health maintenance organization, warfarin use was considerably higher than in other reported studies. Although the reasons why physicians did not prescribe warfarin could not be elucidated, many apparently eligible patients with atrial fibrillation and at least one additional risk factor for stroke, especially hypertension, did not receive anticoagulation. Interventions are needed to increase the use of warfarin for stroke prevention among appropriate candidates.
Controversies About Brain Death
Authors: Thomas E. Finucane
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Expression of H-2Db on the cell surface in the absence of detectable beta 2 microglobulin.
Authors: T A Potter, C Boyer, A M Verhulst, P Golstein, T V Rajan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

In this report we describe a variant of the C57BL/6 T lymphoma EL4 (EL4/Mar) which, in contrast to the parental cell line, expresses neither H-2Kb nor beta2-microglobulin (beta2m) but which does express H-2Db detectable by serology and by alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). This observation raises the possibility that H-2Db and perhaps other major histocompatibility complex class I molecules are normally not associated with beta2m on the cell surface. In addition, this report is the first to indicated that alloreactive CTL can interact with a beta2m-free class I antigen.
Views of Practicing Physicians and the Public on Medical Errors
Authors: Robert J. Blendon, Catherine M. DesRoches, Mollyann Brodie, John M. Benson, Allison B. Rosen, Eric Schneider, Drew E. Altman, Kinga Zapert, Melissa J. Herrmann, Annie E. Steffenson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

In response to the report by the Institute of Medicine on medical errors, national groups have recommended actions to reduce the occurrence of preventable medical errors. What is not known is the level of support for these proposed changes among practicing physicians and the public.We conducted parallel national surveys of 831 practicing physicians, who responded to mailed questionnaires, and 1207 members of the public, who were interviewed by telephone after selection with the use of random-digit dialing. Respondents were asked about the causes of and solutions to the problem of preventable medical errors and, on the basis of a clinical vignette, were asked what the consequences of an error should be.Many physicians (35 percent) and members of the public (42 percent) reported errors in their own or a family member's care, but neither group viewed medical errors as one of the most important problems in health care today. A majority of both groups believed that the number of in-hospital deaths due to preventable errors is lower than that reported by the Institute of Medicine. Physicians and the public disagreed on many of the underlying causes of errors and on effective strategies for reducing errors. Neither group believed that moving patients to high-volume centers would be a very effective strategy. The public and many physicians supported the use of sanctions against individual health professionals perceived as responsible for serious errors.Though substantial proportions of the public and practicing physicians report that they have had personal experience with medical errors, neither group has the sense of urgency expressed by many national organizations. To advance their agenda, national groups need to convince physicians, in particular, that the current proposals for reducing errors will be very effective.
Controversies in the Radiotherapeutic Management of Cervical Cancer
Authors: W.-J. Koh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Radiotherapy is a critical component of treatment for many patients with cervical cancer. The role of concurrent cisplatin-based chemotherapy in the majority of cases where radiotherapy is indicated has been established. However, optimal planning and delivery of radiotherapy require attention to multiple factors beyond combined-modality chemoradiation and the continuing search for novel and effective synergistic systemic agents. Several important issues surrounding radiotherapy for cervical cancer that require clarification include the following: the effect of anemia and tumor hypoxia on outcome and their potential as therapeutic targets, the appropriate incorporation of contemporary imaging and high-technology treatment planning systems in routine clinical practice, the role of prophylactic para-aortic radiation, and the role of radioprotectors. Ongoing and newly proposed studies are expected to provide insights into these questions, which will ultimately lead to enhanced radiotherapeutic and overall care for patients with cervical cancer.
Screening tests for pulmonary function abnormality.
Authors: A Miller
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

Simple tests based on a voluntary forced expiration can detect pulmonary impairment of occupational or environmental origin earlier than can be done using clinical or radiographic examination. These tests are easily performed and repeated, require little time and can be readily set up in the field. Flow impairment ("obstructive") has conventionally been measured by the forced expiratory volume--1 sec (FEV1); earlier changes, in the small airways are more likely to be detected by the maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMF) and the maximum expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curve at low lung volumes. Volume impairment ("restrictive") is detected by the forced vital capacity (FVC) from which the preceding measurements are made.
Frequent expression of MUC1 apomucin on biliary epithelial cells of damaged small bile ducts in primary biliary cirrhosis and chronic viral hepatitis: An immunohistochemical study
Authors: M Sasaki
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

MUC1 apomucin is a specific target tumor antigen recognized by cytotoxic T cells in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) unrestricted fashion in patients with pancreatic and breast cancer. This T-cell-mediated immune mechanism against MUC1 apomucin expressing cells has not been evaluated in nonneoplastic immune-mediated diseases. Therefore, we immunohistochemically surveyed the expression of MUC1 apomucin on biliary epithelial cells of small bile ducts in various hepatobiliary diseases, including primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). MUC1 apomucin was detected using the monoclonal antibody DF3 and the streptavidin-biotin complex, in livers from 31 patients with PBC, 67 with chronic viral hepatitis (CH) with or without cirrhosis, 31 with extrahepatic biliary obstruction (EBO), 30 with hepatolithiasis, and from 23 normal individuals. MUC1 apomucin was infrequently and focally expressed in the biliary epithelial cells of the small bile ducts in 3 of 23 normal livers. In contrast, MUC1 apomucin was frequently and strongly expressed on the luminal surface of biliary epithelia] cells of small bile duct, in 22 of 31 patients with PBC, and in 50 of 67 patients with CH. In particular, high levels of MUC1 apomucin were expressed in bile ducts showing chronic nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis (CNSDC) in PBC and hepatitic duct injuries in CH. In EBO and hepatolithiasis, MUC1 apomucin was focally and weakly expressed in 29% and 30% of livers examined, respectively. More MUC1 apomucin was expressed in PBC and CH than in EBO, hepatolithiasis, and normal liver (P < .01, respectively). Frequent and high luminal expression of MUC1 apomucin on biliary epithelial cells in damaged small bile ducts in PBC and CH may be related to T-cell-mediated immunologic mechanisms in these diseases, probably by an MHC-unrestricted recognition process.
Sensory and Cognitive Effects of Acute Exposure to Hydrogen Sulfide
Authors: Nancy Fiedler, Howard Kipen, Pamela Ohman-Strickland, Junfeng Zhang, Clifford Weisel, Robert Laumbach, Kathie Kelly-McNeil, Kelechi Olejeme, Paul Lioy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

BackgroundSome epidemiologic studies have reported compromised cognitive and sensory performance among individuals exposed to low concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (H2S).ObjectivesWe hypothesized a dose–response increase in symptom severity and reduction in sensory and cognitive performance in response to controlled H2S exposures.MethodsIn separate exposure sessions administered in random order over three consecutive weeks, 74 healthy subjects [35 females, 39 males; mean age (± SD) = 24.7 ± 4.2; mean years of education = 16.5 ± 2.4], were exposed to 0.05, 0.5, and 5 ppm H2S. During each exposure session, subjects completed ratings and tests before H2S exposure (baseline) and during the final hour of the 2-hr exposure period.ResultsDose–response reduction in air quality and increases in ratings of odor intensity, irritation, and unpleasantness were observed. Total symptom severity was not significantly elevated across any exposure condition, but anxiety symptoms were significantly greater in the 5-ppm than in the 0.05-ppm condition. No dose–response effect was observed for sensory or cognitive measures. Verbal learning was compromised during each exposure condition.ConclusionsAlthough some symptoms increased with exposure, the magnitude of these changes was relatively minor. Increased anxiety was significantly related to ratings of irritation due to odor. Whether the effect on verbal learning represents a threshold effect of H2S or an effect due to fatigue across exposure requires further investigation. These acute effects in a healthy sample cannot be directly generalized to communities where individuals have other health conditions and concomitant exposures.
The menisci: basic science and advances in treatment: Table 1
Authors: Ehud Rath, John C Richmond
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2000)

Once described as a muscle remnant, and therefore treated with disrespect, the meniscus is now known to be a vital structure within the knee. Minimal partial meniscectomy performed arthroscopically, or meniscal repair when practical, have become the standard treatments. In spite of the advancements in understanding meniscal function and its preservation, much remains to be studied. In the future, availability of better repair techniques and the option of meniscal replacement with allograft or prosthetic menisci are expected to improve outcomes.
Adenosine - a cardioprotective and therapeutic agent
Authors: R. M BERNE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Adenosine – a cardioprotective and therapeutic agent Get access ROBERT M BERNE ROBERT M BERNE Department of Physiology University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 1, January 1993, Page 2, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.1.2 Published: 01 January 1993