tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Loss of suppressor T-cells in active inflammatory bowel disease.
Authors: N J Godin, D B Sachar, R Winchester, C Simon, H D Janowitz
Journal: Gut (1984)

The proportions and absolute numbers of helper and suppressor T-cells in 40 patients with inflammatory bowel disease and 22 control subjects were determined, using the monoclonal antibodies OKT 4 and OKT 8. There were no significant differences in helper or suppressor cell proportions among 15 steroid treated patients with active inflammatory bowel disease, 10 patients with inactive inflammatory bowel disease, 10 patients with other gastrointestinal diseases, or 12 normal control subjects. In contrast, 15 patients with active inflammatory bowel disease not treated with corticosteroids manifested increased proportions of helper cells and decreased proportions of suppressor cells (p less than 0.001), compared with all other patient groups and to normal controls. When absolute numbers of helper and suppressor subsets were measured, these alterations in proportions of helper and suppressor cells were primarily attributable to decreased counts of suppressor T-cells both in patients with active Crohn's disease and in those with ulcerative colitis (p less than 0.01). In four patients undergoing serial study, the helper/suppressor ratios appeared to rise and fall respectively with clinical exacerbations and remissions of disease. These data provide additional evidence for the involvement of cellular immune systems in these disease processes.
Medical School Admission Interview and Licensing Examination Scores
Authors: Daniel Lubelski
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE EFFECTS OF INTRAVENOUS INFUSIONS OF VALINE-5 ANGIOTENSIN II AND OTHER PRESSOR AGENTS ON URINARY ELECTROLYTES AND CORTICOSTEROIDS, INCLUDING ALDOSTERONE*
Authors: P. Biron, E. Koiw, W. Nowaczynski, J. Brouillet, J. Genest
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1961)

Previous studies from this laboratory (1-4) have shown that: 1) there is a statistically significant increase in the mean urinary aldosterone excretion from groups of patients with essential, renal or malignant hypertension, as compared with that of normal subjects similarly studied; 2) 43 per cent of patients with essential hypertension have urinary aldosterone values above normal limits; 3) there is an excessive fluctuation of daily urinary aldosterone in hypertensive patients, from normal to above normal levels, which is most prominent in the early phase of the disease; and 4) mean urinary preglnanetriol is significantly decreased (p < 0.001) in the same groups of hyper- tensive patients, and the pregnanetriol/aldosterone ratio is below the lower limits of normal range in 92 per cent of all patients studied with arterial hypertension.The findings of a mean increase in urinary aldosterone and of its excessive daily fluctuation in hypertensive patients have recently been confirmed by Romanelli, Biancalona and Matterazzi (5), Venning, Dyrenfurth, Dossetor and Beck (6) and Schwartz (7).However, Laragh and co-workers (8), using a method devised by Ulick, Laragh and Lieberman (9) for the measurement of aldosterone secretion rate, found normal values in 8 pa- tients with benign essential hypertension and significantly increased secretion rates in 5 of 8 pa-
Role of eosinophil activation in the bronchial reactivity of allergic guinea pigs.
Authors: M Pretolani, C Ruffié, D Joseph, M G Campos, M K Church, J Lefort, B B Vargaftig
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Ovalbumin inhalation by sensitized guinea pigs induced a marked increase in the number of eosinophils (0.89 +/- 0.18 to 5.45 +/- 0.77 x 10(5)/ml, n = 10, p < 0.05) and elevations in the amounts of protein and eosinophil-derived major basic protein (MBP) (1,010.7 +/- 184.9 to 4,116.6 +/- 973.0 ng/ml, n = 10, p < 0.05) recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). In contrast, no changes in the levels of eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) or in the sensitivity of the airways to bronchoconstriction induced by methacholine were detected. However, when ovalbumin-exposed guinea pigs received an intratracheal instillation of 1 microgram leukotriene (LT)B4 30 min prior to methacholine provocation, elevated levels of EPO and MBP in the BAL fluid and a marked bronchial hyperreactivity to methacholine were noted when compared with saline-challenged LTB4-injected animals (p < 0.05). In contrast, the intratracheal instillation of 1 or 3 micrograms platelet-activating factor (PAF) did not significantly modify the bronchial reactivity to methacholine or the levels of EPO and MBP. PAF and LTB4 induced similar enhancements in the amount of protein in BAL fluids from antigen-exposed guinea pigs, suggesting that increased endothelial/epithelial permeability does not account for hyperreactivity. A significant correlation between the levels of EPO or MBP and the intensity of the bronchial responsiveness to methacholine were shown in ovalbumin-challenged guinea pigs, irrespective of their subsequent treatment, i.e., either with PAF or with LTB4 or with their vehicle (r = 0.579, p = 0.0002 and r = 0.330, p = 0.049, n = 36 for EPO and MBP, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Award to Junior Staff
Authors: E. A. Harvey-Smith
Journal: BMJ (1966)

p. 1482) questions the factual basis for my tentative conclusion (21 May, p. 1301) that general practice may be the most appropriate setting for conducting clinical trials.Two types of defaulting in respect of adherence to treatment schedules must be distinguished, and perhaps should have been distinguished in my original letter.The first group are the " overt defaulters," and the second the " occult defaulters."The former fail to complete the trial for reasons which are obvious to the doctor-for example, volunteering that they have stopped the tab- lets, leaving the district, failing to reattend, etc. Being readily identifiable, their presence can be allowed for in the final assessment.It is the " occult defaulters " who may, and probably usually do, invalidate a trial.This group, having persevered, may appear to the unwary to have been entirely consonant to the treatment schedule, but in fact they have been dissonant.If my figures are examined, bearing in mind this distinction, then it can be seen that out of 29 " completers " 22 (76%) were available for assessment, and that only three of these patients were suspected as being definite defaulters.Can these figures be matched by any hospital outpatient trial ?I am, etc., Camberley,
DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN THE BULLOUS, VESICULAR AND PUSTULAR ERUPTIONS OF EARLY LIFE.
Authors: CHARLES WARRENNE ALLEN
Journal: JAMA (1900)

have an upward contraction of the foot, most marked in the great toe.This same condition exists in children.If you strike the plantar surface of the foot, when the child is only 3 or 4 years of age, the foot will turn up (illustrating).If you strike the side of the foot of a healthy subject it will al- most invariably go down (plantar flexion).I have tried to elicit this symptom in several cases, and it is present in organic disease.It is present in certain cases of insanity, in some cases of neurasthenia, and I do not believe in reporting on it until my observations have been sufficiently extensive to enable me to confirm or differ from conclusions of others.Collier made
Liverpool care pathway is scrapped after review finds it was not well used
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The Liverpool care pathway for patients needing care at the end of life, though well intentioned and often admirably carried out, should be scrapped in favour of individualised care plans, says an independent review immediately accepted by the UK government.

Too often, the review found, the pathway was applied with a lack of expert knowledge and care, its advice turned into a set of rigid instructions by staff who had not been properly trained.1 Its very name suggested that it was a pathway with only one possible destination, “a conveyer belt to death,” it said. Hospitals were rewarded financially for using the pathway, creating the impression that they were hastening death for financial gain. All this must change, the review concludes.

The review, chaired by the rabbi and peer Julia Neuberger, makes few direct criticisms of the pathway itself apart from its name. In the right environment, and with the right staff, it had enabled many people to have a better death than might otherwise have been the case. But the team heard evidence that “disturbed and upset them,” Neuberger said, that while it might be good guidance it was not well used. The review concludes: “The Liverpool Care Pathway …
Size of the Adrenals in Jamaicans
Authors: G. A. Stirling, V. J. Keating
Journal: BMJ (1958)

TRIAL OF DEQUALINIUM FOR SKIN INFECTIONS BJRITINAL still present.In 10 cases of leg ulcers, various Gram- negative organisms were grown, and these cleared in only four cases.Beta-haemolytic streptococci were cultured in an insufficient number of cases to merit comment.From these routine bacteriological findings it seems likely that, at any rate so far as the staphylococcus is concerned, the clinical improvement obtained in most cases is reflected in the results of routine cultures from the skin.
Atelectasis as a Factor in the Medical Treatment of Pleural Empyema: The Necessity of Combating Atelectasis by Remedial Breathing Exercises
Authors: Felix G. Fleischner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

THE therapeutic management of empyema of the pleura has been revised because of the recent favorable experiences with penicillin. The treatment by open drainage after rib resection has been the generally accepted procedure in adults in practically all cases except those due to tuberculosis, actinomycosis and malignant neoplasm; this approach was based on the experiences in World War I and the report of the American Empyema Commission (1918), which clarified the rules for correct timing. Since then chronic empyemas have been seen less often than formerly.Chronic empyemas are usually grouped in two categories: cases in which the original condition . . .
Perinatal Exposure to Environmentally Relevant Levels of Bisphenol A Decreases Fertility and Fecundity in CD-1 Mice
Authors: Nicolas J. Cabaton, Perinaaz R. Wadia, Beverly S. Rubin, Daniel Zalko, Cheryl M. Schaeberle, Michael H. Askenase, Jennifer L. Gadbois, Andrew P. Tharp, Gregory S. Whitt, Carlos Sonnenschein, Ana M. Soto
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Perinatal exposure to low-doses of bisphenol A (BPA) results in alterations in the ovary, uterus, and mammary glands and in a sexually dimorphic region of the brain known to be important for estrous cyclicity.We aimed to determine whether perinatal exposure to environmentally relevant doses of BPA alters reproductive capacity.Female CD-1 mice that were exposed to BPA at 0, 25 ng, 250 ng, or 25 µg/kg body weight (BW)/day or diethylstilbestrol (DES) at 10 ng/kg BW/day (positive control) from gestational day 8 through day 16 of lactation were continuously housed with proven breeder males for 32 weeks starting at 2 months of age. At each delivery, pups born to these mating pairs were removed. The cumulative number of pups, number of deliveries, and litter size were recorded. The purity of the BPA used in this and our previous studies was assessed using HPLC, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance.The forced breeding experiment revealed a decrease in the cumulative number of pups, observed as a nonmonotonic dose-response effect, and a decline in fertility and fecundity over time in female mice exposed perinatally to BPA. The BPA was 97% pure, with no evidence of contamination by other phenolic compounds.Perinatal exposure to BPA leads to a dose-dependent decline in the reproductive capacity of female mice. The effects on the cumulative number of pups are comparable to those previously reported in mice developmentally exposed to DES, a compound well known to impair reproduction in women. This association suggests the possibility that early BPA exposure may also affect reproductive capacity in women.
Intoxication Following Ingestion of Elemental Zinc
Authors: Jerome V. Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1970)

A 16-year-old boy ingested 12 gm of metallic zinc in an attempt to hasten healing of a minor laceration. Lethargy occurred several days after the ingestion, and was accompanied by an elevated zinc concentration in whole blood. Chelation therapy promoted dramatic clinical improvement, and a fall in blood zinc levels.
Angiogenesis inhibitors in the treatment of prostate cancer
Authors: Clara Hwang, Elisabeth I Heath
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2010)

Prostate cancer remains a significant public health problem, with limited therapeutic options in the setting of castrate-resistant metastatic disease. Angiogenesis inhibition is a relatively novel antineoplastic approach, which targets the reliance of tumor growth on the formation of new blood vessels. This strategy has been used successfully in other solid tumor types, with the FDA approval of anti-angiogenic agents in breast, lung, colon, brain, and kidney cancer. The application of anti-angiogenic therapy to prostate cancer is reviewed in this article, with attention to efficacy and toxicity results from several classes of anti-angiogenic agents. Ultimately, the fate of anti-angiogenic agents in prostate cancer rests on the eagerly anticipated results of several key phase III studies.
Hawaii Cohort Study of Serum Micronutrient Concentrations and Clearance of Incident Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus Infection of the Cervix
Authors: Marc T. Goodman, Yurii B. Shvetsov, Katharine McDuffie, Lynne R. Wilkens, Xuemei Zhu, Adrian A. Franke, Cathy Cramer Bertram, Bruce Kessel, Marge Bernice, Christian Sunoo, Lily Ning, David Easa, Jeffrey Killeen, Lori Kamemoto, Brenda Y. Hernandez
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

The degree to which the resolution of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection parallels exposure to other factors, particularly those related to nutritional status, is a relatively unexplored area of research. We established a cohort of women for long-term follow-up to examine the association of serum retinol, carotenoid, and tocopherol concentrations with the clearance of incident cervical HPV infection. Interviews and biological specimens were obtained at baseline and at 4-month intervals. At each visit, a cervical cell specimen for HPV DNA analysis and cytology and a fasting blood sample to measure micronutrient levels were collected. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to study the relationship between clearance of 189 incident (type-specific) oncogenic HPV infections and the levels of 20 serum micronutrients among 122 women. Higher circulating levels of trans-zeaxanthin, total trans-lutein/zeaxanthin, cryptoxanthin (total and beta), total trans-lycopene and cis-lycopene, carotene (alpha, beta, and total), and total carotenoids were associated with a significant decrease in the clearance time of type-specific HPV infection, particularly during the early stages of infection (<or=120 days). HPV clearance time was also significantly shorter among women with the highest compared with the lowest serum levels of alpha-tocopherol and total-tocopherol, but significant trends in these associations were limited to infections lasting <or=120 days. Clearance of persistent HPV infection (lasting >120 days) was not significantly associated with circulating levels of carotenoids or tocopherols. Results from this investigation support an association of micronutrients with the rapid clearance of incident oncogenic HPV infection of the uterine cervix.
A Multigene Assay Identifying Distinct Prognostic Subtypes of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma with Differential Response to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition
Authors: Yukti Choudhury, Xiaona Wei, Ying-Hsia Chu, Lay Guat Ng, Hui Shan Tan, Valerie Koh, Aye Aye Thike, Eileen Poon, Quan Sing Ng, Chee Keong Toh, Ravindran Kanesvaran, Puay Hoon Tan, Min-Han Tan
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Reconsideration of AMA Opinion on Anencephalic Neonates as Organ Donors
Authors: Charles W. Plows
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In May 1995, the report of the American Medical Association's (AMA's) Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs<sup>1</sup>permitting the use of anencephalic neonates as organ donors was published in<i>JAMA</i>. At the June 1995 Annual Meeting of the AMA's House of Delegates, the Council was asked to reconsider its ethical opinion. Per this request, the Council undertook review of additional submitted scientific evidence on the condition of anencephaly. In December 1995, the Council reported at the AMA Interim Meeting that it would suspend its opinion deeming use of anencephalic organs prior to legal death ethically permissible. This brings the ethical policy of the AMA back in line with the United Network for Organ Sharing's position on harvesting organs from infants with anencephaly<sup>2</sup>and supports adherence to the "dead donor rule" in public policy.<sup>3</sup> The Council believes its report published in<i>JAMA</i>contributed to an
Metachronous rectal metastasis from invasive ductal carcinoma of the male breast
Authors: Y. Ikeda, N. Morita, T. Ikeda
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

A 64-year-old man underwent left mastectomy for carcinoma of the breast at Teikyo University Hospital. Microscopic and immunohistochemical examination revealed estrogen-receptor-positive invasive ductal carcinoma without lymph node involvement. The patient received antiestrogen therapy for 6 months, and the clinical follow-up showed no signs of tumor recurrence. After a disease-free interval of 3 years, multiple liver metastases were detected, and antiestrogen therapy was resumed. Although the liver metastases decreased in size and there was no change in the patient’s condition, he was admitted to our hospital after 4 years for anemia and blood in his stools. A barium enema showed rectal stenosis ([Fig. 1]), and a computed tomography scan demonstrated eccentric thickening of the wall of the rectum ([Fig. 2]). Colonoscopy revealed edema and yellowish-white polypoid lesions in the rectal mucosa ([Fig. 3]). A rectal biopsy showed diffuse tissue infiltration by tumor cells ([Fig. 4]). Immunohistochemical staining for estrogen receptor showed positive ([Fig. 5]). The pathologist classified the tumor as metastasis of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. The patient was treated with hormonal therapy. A barium enema carried out after hormonal therapy showed that the rectal stenosis had improved. At the present time, he is doing well as an outpatient and has not had any complaints.
The Evolving Relation between Humans and<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>
Authors: Barry R. Bloom, Peter M. Small
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Until the middle of this century, tuberculosis was, in Dickens's words, “a disease which medicine never cured, wealth warded off, or poverty could boast exemption from — which sometimes moves in giant strides, and sometimes at a tardy sluggish pace, but, slow or quick, is ever sure and certain.”1 Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an extremely successful pathogen that continues to thrive in developing countries and is reemerging in the industrialized world. Globally, it remains a more frequent cause of death than any other infectious agent.2 Approximately a third of the world's population is infected with M. tuberculosis, and the World Health . . .
Synovial Cysts in Rheumatoid Disease
Authors: DAVID G. PALMER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Para-articular and extra-articular cystic swellings arising from bursae, tendon sheaths, and joints in rheumatoid disease were examined by contrast radiography. The complications that may follow these lesions are discussed. The relationship that occult popliteal cysts may have to discomfort behind the knee is noted.
IMPACT OF AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT ON SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH AORTIC VALVE AREA COMPRISED BETWEEN 0.8 AND 1 CM2
Authors: Marie-Annick Clavel, Romain Capoulade, Abdellaziz Dahou, Jean Dumesnil, Patrick Mathieu, Philippe Pibarot
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Prediction of relapse or survival after resection in human hepatomas by DNA flow cytometry.
Authors: J H Chiu, H L Kao, L H Wu, H M Chang, W Y Lui
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

To investigate the change of DNA content and the effect of synthetic phase (S-phase) fraction on hepatocytes and hepatomas, DNA content and S-phase fraction were measured by flow cytometry in human livers and hepatoma tissues. The ploidy status of nontumor parts of resected hepatoma, fetal liver, and focal nodular hyperplasia were diploid, similar to that of the normal liver. Three patterns of DNA ploidy in human hepatoma cells were newly classified, namely, pattern I, diploid tumors; pattern II, aneuploid tumors with single G0/G1 peak; and pattern III, aneuploid tumors with more than one G0/G1 peaks. Among the 130 resectable hepatomas measured for DNA ploidy status, 84 (64.6%) were pattern I, 20 (15.4%) pattern II, and 26 (20%) pattern III. Multivariate analyses for those 130 patients who underwent hepatic resection showed that, in addition to tumor size, DNA ploidy was another prognostic factor in predicting overall survival and disease-free survival. Patients with small tumors (less than 5 cm) had a significantly higher overall survival rate than those with large tumor (greater than 5 cm). Patients with pattern III hepatomas had a significantly lower overall survival rate and a higher recurrent rate than did those with pattern I or pattern II tumors. The S-phase fraction was a significant predictor of overall survival rate in patients with pattern II, but not with pattern I, tumors. We conclude that DNA flow-cytometric measurements of ploidy and S-phase fraction are potential important prognostic predictors in patients with resectable hepatomas.