tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Thrombin stimulates the production of immunoreactive endothelin-1 in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Authors: Masakazu Kohno, Kenichi Yasunari, Koji Yokokawa, Koh-ichi Murakawa, Takeshi Horio, Yoshiharu Kanayama, Miiko Fuzisawa, Takatoshi Inoue, Tadanao Takeda
Journal: Metabolism (1990)
Seat belt legislation.
Authors: W H Rutherford
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Femoral vein thrombosis and total hip replacement SIR,-I was interested to read of the high incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) following total hip replacement described by Mr J D Stamatakis and his colleagues (23 July, p 223).This alarming incidence, coupled with the known serious embolic complications, gives much food for thought and obviously should influence us in the management of patients undergoing the operation.However, I would like to ask two questions.Firstly, what were the diagnoses of the patients, and, secondly, what were the prior drug therapies ?Presumably some of the patients suffered from rheumatoid arthritis and some may well have been taking aspirin.It is my clinical impression that DVT is rare in rheumatoid disease and aspirin is well known to influence the clotting mechanism.Although drug action may be difficult to assess by the methods used in the study, the influence of the underlying disease process could easily be judged and I think it is important that that information should be made available.
Four distinct subtypes of non–IgE-mediated gastrointestinal food allergies in neonates and infants, distinguished by their initial symptoms
Authors: Ichiro Nomura, Hideaki Morita, Shinichi Hosokawa, Hiroaki Hoshina, Tatsuki Fukuie, Misa Watanabe, Yoshikazu Ohtsuka, Tetsuo Shoda, Akihiko Terada, Tetsuya Takamasu, Katsuhiro Arai, Yushi Ito, Yukihiro Ohya, Hirohisa Saito, Kenji Matsumoto
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2011)
Caring for people with dementia
Authors: Murna Downs, Barbara Bowers
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Cocaine-mediated neuroadaptations in the prefrontal cortical-nucleus accumbens pathway underlie drug-seeking in animals with a cocaine self-administration (SA) history. Neuroplasticity in the cortico-accumbens pathway is regulated, in part, by the expression and availability of neurotrophic factors, such as BDNF. We have previously demonstrated that infusion of BDNF into the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) immediately after the last of 10 cocaine SA sessions attenuates contextual, cue- and cocaine prime-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking (Berglind et al., 2007) and normalizes cocaine-induced disruption of glutamatergic transmission in the nucleus accumbens (Berglind et al., 2009). In the present study, the suppressive effect of intra-dmPFC BDNF on cocaine-seeking is shown to depend on Trk receptor-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling in the dmPFC. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor, K252a, and the mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase inhibitor, U0126 (1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-<i>bis</i>[2-aminophenylthio]butadiene), prevented BDNF9s suppressive effects on cocaine-seeking. Vehicle-infused rats with a cocaine SA history showed significant decreases in ERK and cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB), but not Akt, phosphorylation after the final cocaine SA session that were reversed by intra-dmPFC BDNF. Additionally, BDNF9s ability to normalize cocaine-mediated decreases in ERK and CREB phosphorylation was blocked by U0126, demonstrating that ERK/MAPK activation mediated the behavioral effects. This study elucidates a mechanism whereby BDNF/TrkB (tropomyosin receptor kinase B) activates ERK-regulated CREB phosphorylation in the dmPFC to counteract the neuroadaptations induced by cocaine SA and subsequent relapse to cocaine-seeking.
Evidence of a Vicious Cycle in Mitral Regurgitation With Prolapse
Authors: Kyoko Otani, Masaaki Takeuchi, Kyoko Kaku, Nobuhiko Haruki, Hidetoshi Yoshitani, Masataka Eto, Masahito Tamura, Masahiro Okazaki, Haruhiko Abe, Yoshihisa Fujino, Yousuke Nishimura, Robert A. Levine, Yutaka Otsuji
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— In patients with mitral valve prolapse, nonprolapsed leaflets are often apically tented. We hypothesized that secondary left ventricular dilatation attributed to primary mitral regurgitation (MR) causes papillary muscle (PM) displacement, resulting in this leaflet tenting/tethering, and that secondary tethering further exacerbates malcoaptation and contributes to MR severity. Methods and Results— Three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography was performed in 25 patients with posterior mitral leaflet prolapse with an intact anterior mitral leaflet (AML) and 20 controls. From 3D zoom data sets, 11 equidistant antero-posterior cut planes of the mitral valve at midsystole were obtained. In each plane, tenting area of nonprolapsed leaflet and prolapse area of prolapsed leaflet were measured. Prolapse/tenting volume of each region was obtained as the product of interslice distance and the prolapse/tenting area. AML tenting volume and whole leaflet prolapse/tenting volume were then obtained. The PM tethering distance between PM tips and anterior mitral annulus was measured from 3D full-volume data sets. The severity of MR was quantified by vena contracta area extracted from color 3D transesophageal echocardiography data sets. AML tenting volume was significantly larger in patients with posterior mitral leaflet prolapse compared with that in controls (1.2±0.5 versus 0.6±0.2 mL/m 2 ; P &lt;0.001). Multivariate regression analysis identified independent contribution to AML tenting volume from an increase in PM tethering distance. Multivariate regression analysis identified independent contributions to MR severity (vena contracta area) from both whole leaflet tenting volume ( r =0.44; P &lt;0.05) and prolapse volume ( r =0.44; P &lt;0.05). AML tenting volume decreased along with left ventricular volume and PM tethering distance postrepair (n=8; P &lt;0.01). Conclusions— These results suggest that primary mitral valve prolapse with MR causes secondary mitral leaflet tethering with PM displacement by left ventricular dilatation, which further exacerbates valve leakage, constituting a vicious cycle that would suggest a pathophysiologic rationale for early surgical repair.
Urinary Cadmium as a Marker of Exposure in Epidemiological Studies: Bernard and Chaumont Respond
Authors: Alfred Bernard, Agnès Chaumont
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2013)

Urinary cadmium (U-Cd) is commonly interpreted in epidemiological studies to measure cadmium accumulated in the kidney, and is thus used as a marker of long-term exposure.This concept is based primarily on occupational cohorts exposed to high Cd levels, and its generaliza tion to populations chronically exposed to lower environmental Cd levels-primarily through tobacco and foods grown on contaminated soil-is of central importance to studies of health outcomes, including heart disease, cancer, kidney disease, and osteoporosis, that have been associated with Cd (Järup and Åkesson 2009).In their article, Chaumont et al. ( 2013) described complications with under standing Cd body burden from U-Cd.However, several items in the article would bene fit from clarification.Evidence presented by Chaumont et al. ( 2013) included stratified plots of logtransformed U-Cd with age, comparing men and women and, separately, by smoking status.The authors observed an approxi mately constant offset between current smokers and non smokers, which they interpreted to mean that the difference in U-Cd did not change with age-in contrast to the expectation based on U-Cd reflecting accumula tion of Cd in the kidney.However, a constant offset between curves on a log-scale implies that the ratio, not the difference, is constant.Because the curves have generally upward trends, the difference in U-Cd between current smokers and non smokers must be increasing.Furthermore, Figure 2 and Table 2 of Chaumont et al. ( 2013) showed higher mean U-Cd in former smokers compared with never-smokers over a range of ages, as expected if U-Cd reflects, at least in part, cumula tive exposure.Nonetheless the authors stated, "We observed no differences … between former and never-smoker adults."The difference did not reach statistical signifi cance, which might be explained by the modest sample size and broad distribu tion of U-Cd in former smokers, who were more often male than never-smokers and who may have varied widely in smoking dose and may have quit smoking years before the study.A more informative investigation of the association of U-Cd with smoking would use multi variate regression, controlling for
A FORM OF SENILE SEIZURE
Authors: H. Barber
Journal: BMJ (1928)

A FORM O SENILE SEIZURE.T[ flTRISN suffer from the symptoms of a gastro-intestinal infection from time to time, over a period of several years.If it were possible to foresee the.ultimate development of the anaemic phase much might be done to prev-ent the later stages of the disease from occurring.The family history may give a clue.In two of these cases other members of the family had had perniciolus anacmia.-In the case of a fourth patient (put on liver diet too late in the last stages), who died, her mother had also died of the disease, after a
Erratum to: “Verification of the chemical composition and specifications of haemodialysis membranes by NMR and GPC-FTIR-coupled spectroscopy” [Biomaterials 23 (2002) 3131–3140]
Authors: F. Gores, P. Montag, C. Schall, J. Vienken, S.K. Bowry
Journal: Biomaterials (2003)
A role for clonal dominance in the maintenance of allotype suppression?
Authors: A Yamada, L T Adler, F L Adler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

The establishment of immunological memory during the early and complete phase of allotype suppression in the young rabbit has been shown to lead to the preferential production of antibodies with the nonsuppressed allotypic specificity in response to recall injections given after spontaneous or induced release from suppression. It is suggested that this manifestation of clonal dominance, applied to stimulation by environmental antigens, may contribute to the long lasting persistence of allotype imbalance in allotype suppressed rabbits.
Oral L-arginine improves endothelium-dependent dilation in hypercholesterolemic young adults.
Authors: P Clarkson, M R Adams, A J Powe, A E Donald, R McCredie, J Robinson, S N McCarthy, A Keech, D S Celermajer, J E Deanfield
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

In hypercholesterolemic rabbits, oral L-arginine (the substrate for endothelium derived nitric oxide) attenuates endothelial dysfunction and atheroma formation, but the effect in hypercholesterolemic humans is unknown. Using high resolution external ultrasound, we studied arterial physiology in 27 hypercholesterolemic subjects aged 29+/-5 (19-40) years, with known endothelial dysfunction and LDL-cholesterol levels of 238+/-43 mg/dl. Each subject was studied before and after 4 wk of L-arginine (7 grams x 3/day) or placebo powder, with 4 wk washout, in a randomized double-blind crossover study. Brachial artery diameter was measured at rest, during increased flow (causing endothelium-dependent dilation, EDD) and after sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (causing endothelium-independent dilation). After oral L-arginine, plasma L-arginine levels rose from 115+/-103 to 231+/-125 micromol/liter (P<0.001), and EDD improved from 1.7+/-1.3 to 5.6+/-3.0% (P<0.001). In contrast there was no significant change in response to glyceryl trinitrate. After placebo there were no changes in endothelium-dependent or independent vascular responses. Lipid levels were unchanged after L-arginine and placebo. Dietary supplementation with L-arginine significantly improves EDD in hypercholesterolemic young adults, and this may impact favorably on the atherogenic process.
NEW PILE CLAMP.
Authors: RUFUS D. MASON
Journal: JAMA (1901)

I wish to briefly describe a new pile clamp that I have had made and used with great satisfaction. This instrument is lighter and neater than those commonly used, and yet is strong enough to withstand all the pressure required. Being made with smooth, tapering jaws, it is adapted not only to pile operations, but to any place where a clamp may be needed in abdominal or pelvic cases. The opposing edges of the jaws are notched to secure good holding qualities. The cut shows the method of using it in the continuous suture operation for piles. For cautery operations it is simply perfect.
Congenital Temporary Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: J. H. Hutchison, A. J. Keay, M. M. Kerr
Journal: BMJ (1962)

mechanisms which have been thought at one time or another to limit the life-span of the red cell in health- metabolic failure, removal from the circulation by phagocytic cells, the action of the spleen, fragmentation in the circulation, actual lysis in the circulation-have all been shown to be important factors under the abnormal circUmstances which we call disease.
Principles of Neural Science
Authors: Michael P. Alexander
Journal: JAMA (1986)

I have developed "tennis elbow" from lugging this book around the past four weeks, but it is worth the pain, the effort, and the aspirin. It is also worth the (relatively speaking) bargain price. Including appendixes, this book contains 894 pages of text. The entire panorama of the neural sciences is surveyed and examined, and it is comprehensive in its scope, from genomes to social behaviors. The editors explicitly state that the book is designed as "an introductory text for students of biology, behavior, and medicine," but it is hard to imagine any audience, interested in any fragment of neuroscience at any level of sophistication, that would not enjoy this book. The editors have done a masterful job of weaving together the biologic, the behavioral, and the clinical sciences into a single tapestry in which everyone from the molecular biologist to the practicing psychiatrist can find and appreciate his or
More Causes of Red Urine
Authors: Bertrand M. Bell
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> At least in the Bronx, at our large urban public hospital, neither phenazopyridine hydrochloride (which we cannot afford because of the New York City budget crisis) nor phenolsulfonphthalein, which we do not use as a test of kidney function, are a cause of "red urine." Rather, the commonest cause of red ("orange, pink, red, brown, and black") urine is laxatives containing phenolphthalein, followed closely by others containing cascara.
Hiatus Hernia — The Method of Repair
Authors: John R. Brooks
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

IT has long been recognized that a large hiatus hernia may exist and be unassociated with symptomatology. In fact, this may be true for some 75 per cent of esophageal hernias. Nevertheless, the complications of hiatus hernia can produce symptoms that are readily treatable by surgical repair. Before present-day knowledge of the anatomy of the esophageal hiatus and the development of safer anesthesia and of surgical technics for satisfactory repair of such hernias, most of these patients were treated by medical means, and many unsatisfactorily so. The organic complications of hernia (peptic ulceration, bleeding and stricture formation) and the resulting . . .
Abstract 94: DrugPath: A web database for academic investigators to identify drugs that match oncology molecular targets
Authors: Eric D. Shah, Peng Zhao, Matthew V. Ghent, Robert J. Arceci, Jonathan D. Buckley, Gregory H. Reaman, Poul H. Sorensen, Timothy J. Triche, C Patrick Reynolds
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract High-throughput genomics can identify oncology molecular targets, but translation into novel therapeutics requires access to relevant drugs. Pharmaceutical pipeline databases, such as MedTRACK (www.medtrack.com), can identify such drugs, but these databases are geared for commercial operations and present significant cost barriers to non-profit academic research. We have developed the DrugPath database (www.drugpath.org) as a comprehensive, free-of-charge resource for academic investigators. DrugPath can identify drugs within the cancer pipeline that may act against molecular targets of interest. DrugPath searchable data include names and mechanisms of drugs in the oncology pipeline (organized by clinical trial phase and route of administration), drug sponsor, and also tested combinations with other drugs. Drugs and drug sponsors are initially identified from ClinicalTrials.gov, biotech company websites, and other online resources; specific pipeline information is extracted by DrugPath personnel according to written protocols. PERL scripts to automate a portion of the data mining are being developed, although manual verification will remain to ensure data accuracy and relevance. The website is authored in XHTML and PHP, and content is stored in a MySQL database. We compared the extent of the DrugPath database to that of MedTRACK. DrugPath covers more than 475 companies, or 50% of 938 companies with oncology therapeutics in development as identified by MedTRACK. A search of DrugPath for inhibitors of VEGF, a well-established target, yielded 58 lead drug candidates (17% of 332 drugs identified by MedTRACK) from 45 total companies (47% of 95 companies identified by MedTRACK). A search for Hsp90 inhibitors yielded 15 companies (78% of 19 in MedTRACK) and 17 lead drug candidates (30% of 56 in MedTRACK), and a search for aurora kinase inhibitors yielded 17 companies (94% of 18 in MedTRACK) and 17 lead drug candidates (70% of 24 in MedTRACK). Ongoing efforts to populate the DrugPath database are focused on identifying drug development programs for emerging drug targets rather than expanding existing coverage of drug candidates against well-known targets. To support the end-goal of DrugPath–to facilitate obtaining drugs for academic research–DrugPath contains contact information (when available) for each company to assist with the process of developing material transfer agreements (MTAs). This database should be useful to academic investigators studying particular molecular targets and also to clinical investigators seeking to develop novel clinical trials. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 94.
Medical Complications in Premature Infants
Authors: Mildred T. Stahlman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia has become a major medical problem in neonatal intensive care nurseries, costing thousands of dollars per patient, many hours of care by physicians and nurses, and incalculable pain and grief to parents who watch helplessly as their infants struggle to survive. Its prevention or successful treatment would be a breakthrough in the care of very-low-birth-weight infants. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a symptom complex and not a disease with a single cause or a predictable natural history. The chief predisposing factor is immaturity of the lungs, which is usually but not invariably accompanied by hyaline membrane disease or other . . .
Appearance of Prostaglandin F2 in Human Blood during Labour
Authors: S. M. M. Karim
Journal: BMJ (1968)

Blood samples from over 70 pregnant women have been examined for the presence of four prostaglandins. Samples obtained from women not in labour at different gestation periods and at term contained no detectable amounts of prostaglandins. Prostaglandin F(2alpha) was present in samples of blood obtained during normal spontaneous labour. The appearance of this substance in the blood preceded the uterine contraction. Whether prostaglandins play a part in the process of normal labour is still conjectural.
Changes to lawyers' fees in personal injury cases are set to save the NHS millions
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The UK government is to change the rules for lawyers’ no win, no fee deals in England and Wales, in a move which is expected to save the NHS millions of pounds a year.

Under the current regime, claimants’ lawyers can claim up to double their normal costs if they win a case—their usual fees plus a “success fee” of up to 100%. The whole package is payable by the losing defendant—which in most clinical negligence cases is the NHS.

The defendant is also liable to pay the premium for the insurance the claimant takes out to insure against the risk of losing and having …
Classification and Communication
Authors: JOHN D. FISHER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 November 1971Classification and CommunicationJOHN D. FISHER, M.D.JOHN D. FISHER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-75-5-803_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The establishment of an orderly method of diagnostic formulation and communication is one aim of systems such as the New York Heart Association classification of heart disease, and the classification of renal diseases published in the August 1971 issues of this journal,Circulation, andArchives of Internal Medicine. The NYHA classification, with its descriptive approach (except the number-letter functional-therapeutic headings), gained wide acceptance and has been adopted by many physicians for more general use, for example: liver disease; etiology, alcoholism; anatomy, cirrhosis; physiology, increased portal pressure with varices, ascites, hepatorenal syndrome, and precoma; functional class, IV; therapeutic... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Medicine The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center New York, N.Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySignificance of isolated H-V interval prolongation in symptomatic patients without documented heart block 1 November 1971Volume 75, Issue 5Page: 803-803KeywordsArchivesAscitesCardiovascular therapyCirrhosisDiagnostic medicineEtiologyHeart diseasesHepatorenal syndromeLiver diseasesRenal diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
Primary structures of three human neutrophil defensins.
Authors: M E Selsted, S S Harwig, T Ganz, J W Schilling, R I Lehrer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

The primary structures of three human neutrophil antimicrobial peptides (HNP) were determined. The peptides, HNP-1, HNP-2, and HNP-3, which we have termed defensins, were rich in cystine, arginine, and aromatic residues, but were devoid of free sulfhydryl groups and carbohydrate moieties. They were 29-30 residues in length and identical in sequence in all but their amino terminal residues. The defensins were homologous in sequence to peptides of similar size and biological activity previously purified from rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes, but unrelated to other neutrophil proteins of known sequence. 11 amino acid residues of the human defensins, including all six cysteinyl residues, were invariantly conserved in the six rabbit members of this multigene peptide family. That similarly structured antimicrobial peptides are present in both rabbit and human leukocytes supports their purported role as cidal agents in phagocyte-mediated host defense.