tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Laetrile Toxicity Studies in Dogs
Authors: Eric S. Schmidt
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Dogs were fed laetrile and fresh, sweet almonds under various conditions. The doses of laetrile were similar to those prescribed for patients with cancer and ranged on a basis of gram to square meter from an equivalent of the oral dose for man to five times this dose. Six of the ten dogs died of cyanide poisoning. One dog recovered, and three dogs, at the time of sacrifice, demonstrated various levels of neurologic impairment, ranging from difficulty in walking to coma. These studies demonstrate that oral laetrile is highly toxic when taken with some common table foods. We predict that there will be an increased incidence of cyanide poisoning in man as laetrile becomes more readily available.
Uptake of materials by the intact liver. The exchange of glucose across the cell membranes.
Authors: C A Goresky, B E Nadeau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

D-Glucose equilibrates within liver cells. We have studied its process of entry into and exit from these cells with the multiple indicator dilution technique. Labeled red cells (a vascular indicator), labeled sucrose (an extracellular reference), and labeled D-glucose were rapidly injected into the portal vein, and from serially sampled hepatic venous blood, normalized outflow-time patterns were obtained. The labeled red cell curve rises to an early high peak, and decays rapidly; and that for sucrose reaches a later and lower peak and decays less rapidly, but generates an equivalent area. The curve for labeled D-glucose begins with that for labeled sucrose, gradually rises to a peak which is later and substantially lower than that for sucrose, and then decreases slowly. At high glucose levels this curve assumes a squared-off shape, rises fairly quickly to its highest level, at the time of the sucrose peak, and then slowly decreases. Phlorizin and galactose infusion result in the emergence of a pronounced early peak, under the sucrose peak; and the curve for tracer L-glucose approaches that for sucrose. We resolve from the D-glucose curves, by model analysis, two components: throughout material, which has not entered the cells; and exchanging material, which has entered and later returned to the circulation. The analysis provides estimates of the kinetic entrance and exist coefficients; and from these, saturation of both the entrance and exit processes was evident. The characteristic transport parameters were determined. For both entrance and exit, a common Km, 2,170 mg/100 ml, and transport maximum, 5.13 mg s-1 (ml intracellular fluid)-1, were found. Both these values are exceedingly large. Several other phenomena were defined which additionally characterize the transport process: phlorizin and galacose produced competitive inhibition; the transport process was found to be relatively stereospecific; and sudden infusion of hypertonic glucose produced counter-transport of labeled D-glucose.
Covered self-expanding metal stent use in the pancreatic duct: a case series
Authors: A. Akbar, T. Baron
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

Plastic stents have been used in the pancreatic duct for a variety of indications. However, unlike in the bile duct, the use of covered self-expanding metal stents (CSEMSs) has been discouraged because multiple side branches drain into main pancreatic duct (MPD) and the ductal diameter is relatively small. This report aims to describe our experience using CSEMSs in the pancreatic duct in a series of nine patients, with special focus on adverse events. Indications were strictures (n = 5), intraductal mucinous neoplasm (IMPN; n = 1), pancreatic duct leak (n = 1), disconnected duct syndrome (n = 1), and severe acute pancreatitis/necrosis with disrupted duct (n = 1). Eight patients had symptomatic improvement, or radiological resolution of or improvement in their strictures, leaks, perforation, and necrosis. Two of these have indwelling CSEMSs for ongoing treatment. One patient (disconnected duct syndrome) was considered a treatment failure as the stent migrated and the patient underwent distal pancreatectomy for refractory pain. Two patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for their malignancies after their CSEMSs had been in place for 43 and 49 days, respectively. Importantly no patients, including those with indwelling CSEMSs, developed stent-related acute pancreatitis with a median follow-up of 4 months. One patient developed post-procedure pain requiring hospitalization for 1 day. Median stent duration was 77 days. These observations suggest there is a potential role for the use of CSEMSs in the MPD in selected patients with pancreatic pathology.
Optimal Noninvasive Assessment of Left Ventricular Filling Pressures
Authors: Hisham Dokainish, William A. Zoghbi, Nasser M. Lakkis, Faiz Al-Bakshy, Meeney Dhir, Miguel A. Quinones, Sherif F. Nagueh
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Early transmitral velocity/tissue Doppler mitral annular early diastolic velocity (E/Ea) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) have been correlated with left ventricular filling pressures, yet there are no data on how these 2 estimates of left ventricular filling pressures compare.Patients admitted to intensive care underwent simultaneous tissue Doppler echocardiography, BNP measurement, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) determination. The ability of mitral E/Ea and BNP to predict PCWP >15 mm Hg was assessed. Fifty patients were studied. Ln BNP had a correlation of r=0.32 (P=0.02) with PCWP compared with r=0.69 (P<0.001) between E/Ea and PCWP. E/Ea >15 was the optimal cutoff to predict PCWP >15 mm Hg (sensitivity, 86%; specificity, 88%), whereas the optimal BNP cutoff was >300 pg/mL (sensitivity, 91%; specificity, 56%). The correlation between change in PCWP and change in E/Ea at 48 hours was r=0.87 (P=0.003) compared with r=-0.59 (P=0.39) for BNP. In the 36 patients with cardiac disease, E/Ea >15 (sensitivity, 92%; specificity, 91%) appeared more accurate than BNP >400 pg/mL (sensitivity, 92%; specificity, 51%), whereas in patients without cardiac disease, BNP (sensitivity, 81%; specificity, 83%) appeared more accurate than E/Ea >15 (sensitivity, 74%; specificity, 72%) for PCWP >15 mm Hg.In intensive care unit patients, mitral E/Ea has a better correlation than BNP with PCWP. Both BNP and mitral E/Ea have high sensitivity for PCWP >15 mm Hg; however, E/Ea appears more specific in this patient population. In patients without cardiac disease, BNP appears more accurate than E/Ea for PCWP >15 mm Hg, whereas E/Ea appears more accurate in patients with cardiac disease.
Safety of antipsychotic drugs for pregnant and breastfeeding women with non-affective psychosis
Authors: Louise Howard, Roger Webb, Kathryn Abel
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Multicentre cohort studies are needed as randomised trials are impractical 

Around 2% of women develop a non-affective psychotic disorder, and more than half of them have children.1 2 Women with nonaffective psychoses are less fertile than controls, partly because of hyperprolactinaemia secondary to antipsychotic drugs.3 4 The use of atypical drugs such as clozapine and olanzapine, which do not have this effect, may increase fertility rates. Weighing risks against benefits in treating pregnant and breastfeeding women with antipsychotics requires assessment of clinical effectiveness versus risk of toxicity to mother, fetus, newborn, and the developing child. Withholding antipsychotic treatment may expose mother and fetus to more harm than benefit as, in addition to behavioural disturbance which may put both at risk, physiological changes associated with psychosis could affect fetoplacental integrity and development of the central nervous system. Subsequently, poor clinical outcomes for mothers may result in poorer interaction between mother and infant.5 But the impact of antipsychotic medication on the fetus is also unclear as no randomised controlled trials have evaluated the use of antipsychotics in pregnancy.6

The only large controlled studies of antipsychotics in pregnancy have been conducted on …
Diabetic Foot Infections: Bacteriology and activity of 10 oral antimicrobial agents against bacteria isolated from consecutive cases
Authors: Ellie J C Goldstein, Diane M Citron, Catherine A Nesbit
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To study the relative frequency of bacterial isolates cultured from community-acquired foot infections and assess their comparative in vitro susceptibility to sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, and eight other commonly used oral antimicrobial agents. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This is a prospective study in which the infected wounds of 25 consecutive diabetic patients seen by one of the authors were cultured as they entered the hospital. Isolates were stored and tested for susceptibility to 10 oral antimicrobial agents using the agar dilution method. RESULTS Staphylococcus aurcus was the most common isolate (76% of patients), including methicillin-resistant S. aurcus (MRSA) in 5 of 25 (20%) patient wounds. Streptococci, enterococci, Enterobacteriaceae, and anaerobes were also present in ≥40% of patient wounds. Sparfloxacin and levofloxacin were the most active agents tested with activity against ≥88% of isolates. Isolates resistant to sparfloxacin and levofloxacin included MRSA, enterococci, and some anaerobes. When analyzed by prior exposure to antibiotics, patients who had previously received oral antibiotics were more likely to have MRSA, enterococci, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated and less likely to have Enterobacteriaceae and anaerobes isolated from their wounds. CONCLUSIONS MRSA and enterococci are now a common cause of diabetic foot infections, and the increased prevalence may be due to antimicrobial use. These wounds may require use of combined antimicrobial therapy for initial outpatient management. The new fluoroquinolones, sparfloxacin and levofloxacin, were the most active oral agents tested.
Is achievement of sustained virologic response an independent predictor or a cofactor for the development of esophageal varices?
Authors: Li-Ping Ye, Xin-Li Mao
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

We read with great interest the study by Bruno et al., which concluded that achievement of sustained virologic response prevents the development of esophageal varices in patients with compensated hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced cirrhosis. Their multivariable analysis also showed that HCV genotype 1b is an independent predictor for the development of esophageal varices.1 The interpretation of the results, however, raises a concern. It is well known that the clinical outcome of antiviral therapy is significantly influenced by viral genotype.2, 3 That is to say, patients with different HCV genotypes may have different responses to the antiviral therapy. This is confirmed by the observation that patients infected with genotype 1b have lower rate of sustained virologic response.1 Therefore, HCV genotype 1b may be more likely to be an independent predictor for the development of esophageal varices, and achievement of sustained virologic response may be merely a cofactor associated with the host response to antiviral therapy. Further study is needed to clarify this concern. Li-ping Ye M.D.*, Xin-li Mao M.D.*, * Department of Gastroenterology Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Linhai, China.
A healthy view of dying
Authors: J. Neuberger
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Death is the one great certainty in life, yet Western society, and Western medicine in particular, seem unable to come to terms with this. Rabbi Julia Neuberger discusses how attitudes need to change 

In his president's lecture for the King's Fund in June this year Richard Chartres, the bishop of London, drew attention to our society's inability to see life and health holistically (lecture available on the King's Fund website, www.kingsfund.org.uk. He took us back to ancient Pergamon and its Temple of the Divine Healer, Aesculapius, and gave us an insight into that hospital: “In the Greek medical tradition, the fundamental recipe for healthy living was 'know thyself and be moderate in all things,' and this outlook was expressed in the regime followed in the hospital… the temple must have been a tranquil and beautiful environment in which to recover, in an atmosphere that was a cross between Champneys and an Oxbridge college… It was in the ruins of this place that I can remember contemplating the theme of healthy living and healthy dying.”

The whole person was considered: mind, body, and spirit were as one. In the discussion that followed his lecture, a groundswell of feeling grew that, as a society, we are somehow not paying attention to the whole person in the care of dying patients and bereaved people, because of our strong Western medical model. Part by part, specialty by specialty, no integrated view can develop of the person and the culture from which he or she comes.

At the King's Fund, we had already been aware of a growing concern about …
Binding at and transactivation of the COX-2 promoter by nuclear tyrosine kinase receptor ErbB-2
Authors: Shao-Chun Wang, Huang-Chun Lien, Weiya Xia, I.-Fen Chen, Hui-Wen Lo, Zhiqin Wang, Mohamed Ali-Seyed, Dung-Fang Lee, Geoffrey Bartholomeusz, Fu Ou-Yang, Dipak K. Giri, Mien-Chie Hung
Journal: Cancer Cell (2004)
Autophagy contributes to modulating the cytotoxicities of Bcl-2 homology domain-3 mimetics
Authors: Le Yu, Shuwen Liu
Journal: Seminars in Cancer Biology (2013)

The dysregulation of apoptosis is a key step in developing cancers, and mediates resistance to cancer therapy. Commitment to apoptosis is caused by permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane, a process regulated by the interactions between different proteins of Bcl-2 family. Furthermore, Bcl-2 family proteins also bind to the endoplasmic reticulum, where they modulate autophagy, another important pathway regulating cell survival and death. Dysregulation of Bcl-2 family has been demonstrated in a wide spectrum of human cancers, including gastrointestinal cancers. Therefore, targeting the Bcl-2 family of proteins represents a promising therapeutic approach for these malignancies. Recent advances have yielded small molecules that have close structural or functional similarity to BH3-only proteins and are therefore named BH3 mimetics. Of these BH3 mimetics, obatoclax, (−)-gossypol, and ABT-263 are currently in clinical trials for multiple cancers. Growing evidence indicates that these BH3 mimetics not only induce apoptosis, but also regulate autophagy which may serve as a pro-survival or pro-death mechanism to counteract or mediate the cytotoxicity of BH3 mimetics. This review discusses the role of autophagy in cell-fate decision upon BH3 mimetics treatment. Further exploration of our understanding of the association between autophagy and cellular outcomes in response to BH3 mimetics treatment will likely offer improved therapies for patients with cancer.
Stromal cell–derived factor 1α increases polyploidization of megakaryocytes generated by human hematopoietic progenitor cells
Authors: Raffaella Guerriero, Gianfranco Mattia, Ugo Testa, Cristiana Chelucci, Giampiero Macioce, Ida Casella, Paola Samoggia, Cesare Peschle, Hamisa Jane Hassan
Journal: Blood (2001)
Incidence, Origin, and Prevention of Certain Foot Defects
Authors: D. A. Craigmile
Journal: BMJ (1953)

EDCALJSHOU 74AL75. Men in the lower social classes suffered more often than others from foot defects.The erroneous impres- sion (which pre-dates the National Health Service) that all social classes are equally affected may have been due to a tendency on the part of well-to-do persons to seek medical advice for minor ailments more often than members of the working classes.
CAROTID SINUS SYNCOPE
Authors: L. H. Landay
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Your editorial (The Journal, October 4, p. 1185) on carotid sinus syncope was timely. The syndrome is not at all rare and can be diagnosed by any physician interested in looking for it. I have seen several active cases in the past year. An electrocardiogram taken on 1 of these patients while pressure was made on the right carotid sinus shows complete cardiac asystole of over seven seconds, then a ventricular escape; another period of asystole of about three seconds and a ventricular escape; then a period of asystole of three seconds and complete systole which is preceded by syncope and convulsive seizure. If one has the assistant mark the electrocardiogram as soon as pressure is made, one notes that the response is immediate, usually less than two tenths of a second. I have fortunately not had any serious effects as a result of pressure on the
Interleukin 12p40 is required for dendritic cell migration and T cell priming after<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>infection
Authors: Shabaana A. Khader, Santiago Partida-Sanchez, Guy Bell, Dawn M. Jelley-Gibbs, Susan Swain, John E. Pearl, Nico Ghilardi, Frederic J. deSauvage, Frances E. Lund, Andrea M. Cooper
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2006)

Migration of dendritic cells (DCs) to the draining lymph node (DLN) is required for the activation of naive T cells. We show here that migration of DCs from the lung to the DLN after Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) exposure is defective in mice lacking interleukin (IL)-12p40. This defect compromises the ability of IL-12p40–deficient DCs to activate naive T cells in vivo; however, DCs that express IL-12p40 alone can activate naive T cells. Treatment of IL-12p40–deficient DCs with IL-12p40 homodimer (IL-12(p40)2) restores Mtb-induced DC migration and the ability of IL-12p40–deficient DCs to activate naive T cells. These data define a novel and fundamental role for IL-12p40 in the pathogen-induced activation of pulmonary DCs.
Prolonged complete remission in previously severe SLE.
Authors: E C Tozman, M B Urowitz, D D Gladman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

Of 160 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus followed up in a long-term prospective study 4 with previously severe disease are in complete remission and have required no therapy for a median time of 75 months. The 4 females all presented with systemic features and a typical butterfly rash prompting early diagnosis and treatment. All patients have had complete remission of clinical and laboratory features of disease, without maintenance suppressive therapy.
Medical evidence in court
Authors: ALAN USHER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1981)

Journal Article Medical evidence in court Get access ALAN USHER ALAN USHER Department of Forensic Pathology, University of Sheffield Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 105, Issue s21, 1 September 1981, Pages 91–94, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1981.tb01318.x Published: 01 September 1981
Getting beyond the “convenience sample” in research on early cognitive development
Authors: Anne Fernald
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract Research on the early development of fundamental cognitive and language capacities has focused almost exclusively on infants from middle-class families, excluding children living in poverty who may experience less cognitive stimulation in the first years of life. Ignoring such differences limits our ability to discover the potentially powerful contributions of environmental support to the ontogeny of cognitive and language abilities.
Telemetering from within the body using a pressure-sensitive radio pill
Authors: B. W. Watson, B. Ross, A. W. Kay
Journal: Gut (1962)

It has been an aim of the clinical physiologist to be able to measure continuously such physiological variables as pressure, temperature, and hydrogen ion concentration under conditions of minimal disturbance to the subject or his environment.The development of miniature electronic components, such as the transistor, has made it possible to construct transducers and amplifiers within such a small space that studies can be undertaken in hitherto inaccessible parts of the human body.A radio transmitter with a total volume of approximately 2 cc.which can transmit information from the inside of the body was described in 1957 (Mackay and Jacobson, 1957).These devices have been further developed and they have been used mainly to investigate the gastrointestinal tract.Telemetering capsules ('radio pills') capable of recording pressure, temperature, and pH have been produced and a review of these devices is given elsewhere (Mackay, 1959(Mackay, , 1961;;Jacobson, 1960;Wolff, 1961).They transmit a frequency modulated signal in the frequency range 300 Kc/s to 10 Mc/s.The pressure pill modifications described in this paper enable the construction of a simple, reliable and inexpensive device.SPECIFICATION 1 The device should be as small as possible and not greater than 3 cm.long by 1 cm.diameter.2 The battery must be replaceable.Available pills in Great Britain permit of single studies only.3 The transmissions should continue for not less than 50 hours. 4The response to pressure should be linear.
THE STERILIZATION OF WOOLEN BLANKETS AND UNIFORMS
Authors: DUDLEY FULTON
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The prevention and control of contagious diseases in Army cantonments and base hospitals is a complex problem which requires special measures to be worked out in sufficient detail to result, so far as possible, in automatic execution. Contact infection, which includes hand-to-mouth infection and infection by the respiratory route, is accepted as being fundamentally important in the prophylaxis of contagions. A scheme, to be effective, should provide for measures involving early diagnosis, prevention of cross-infection in ambulances en route to the base hospital, rigid examination of patients in the receiving ward, the use of throat cultures to determine proper grouping of patients in wards, development of the cubicle system on the principle of isolation in each case, the wearing of face masks, and rigid ward discipline to develop and maintain the so-called aseptic technic. Important among preventive measures is proper sterilization of woolen blankets and uniforms. The sterilizer issued the
Melusin, a muscle-specific integrin β1–interacting protein, is required to prevent cardiac failure in response to chronic pressure overload
Authors: Mara Brancaccio, Luigi Fratta, Antonella Notte, Emilio Hirsch, Roberta Poulet, Simona Guazzone, Marika De Acetis, Carmine Vecchione, Gennaro Marino, Fiorella Altruda, Lorenzo Silengo, Guido Tarone, Giuseppe Lembo
Journal: Nature Medicine (2002)
Measuring Quality of Care With Explicit Process Criteria Before and After Implementation of the DRG-Based Prospective Payment System
Authors: Katherine L. Kahn
Journal: JAMA (1990)

We developed explicit process criteria and scales for Medicare patients hospitalized with congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, pneumonia, cerebrovascular accident, and hip fracture. We applied the process scales to a nationally representative sample of 14 012 patients hospitalized before and after the implementation of the diagnosis related group—based prospective payment system. For the four medical diseases, a better process of care resulted in lower mortality rates 30 days after admission. Patients in the upper quartile of process scores had a 30-day mortality rate 5% lower than that of patients in the lower quartile. The process of care improved after the introduction of the prospective payment system; eg, better nursing care after the introduction of the prospective payment system was associated with an expected decrease in 30-day mortality rates in pneumonia patients of 0.8 percentage points, and better physician cognitive performance was associated with an expected decrease in 30-day mortality rates of 0.4 percentage points. Overall, process improvements across all four medical conditions were associated with a 1 percentage point reduction in 30-day mortality rates after the introduction of the prospective payment system. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1990;264:1969-1973)