tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of air pollution on symptoms and peak expiratory flow measurements in subjects with obstructive airways disease.
Authors: B G Higgins, H C Francis, C J Yates, C J Warburton, A M Fletcher, J A Reid, C A Pickering, A A Woodcock
Journal: Thorax (1995)

BACKGROUND--Evidence from laboratory studies suggests that air pollution can produce bronchoconstriction and respiratory symptoms in selected subjects, but the relevance of these findings to exposure to natural pollution is unclear. This study was performed to determine whether air pollution at typical levels found in the UK has demonstrable effects on respiratory function and symptoms in subjects with airways disease. METHODS--Seventy five adult patients with diagnoses of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were studied for a period of four weeks during which they kept records of their peak expiratory flow (PEF) rates, symptoms (wheeze, dyspnoea, cough, throat and eye irritation), and bronchodilator use. Thirty six patients in whom the provocative dose of methacholine causing a 20% fall in FEV1 was below 12.25 mumol were classified as reactors. Ambient air pollution was measured with absorption spectroscopy. RESULTS--There were modest but significant increases in PEF variability, bronchodilator use, and wheeze with increasing sulphur dioxide levels; bronchodilator use, dyspnoea, eye irritation, and minimum PEF readings were related to ozone levels. In the subgroup of reactors falls in mean and minimum peak flow and increases in wheeze, dyspnoea, and bronchodilator use were associated with increases in levels of both sulphur dioxide and ozone. Some associations were seen with pollution levels on the same day, but for others the pollution effects appeared to be delayed by 24 or 48 hours. Pollution levels did not breach the WHO guide levels during the course of the study. CONCLUSIONS--Increases in environmental levels of ozone and sulphur dioxide are associated with adverse changes in peak flow measurements and both ocular and respiratory symptoms in subjects with obstructive airways disease. Although the peak flow and symptom changes were modest, they occurred at pollution levels below current WHO guide levels.
Diagnosis of Ruptured Aneurysm of Abdominal Aorta
Authors: J. P. Pryor
Journal: BMJ (1972)

A retrospective analysis of 44 cases of ruptured anaeurysm of the abdominal aorta showed that only 14 were correctly diagnosed when admitted to hospital. The diagnosis was established in the ward after admission in 14 cases, in the operating theatre in one, and at necropsy in 15. The various clinical presentations are described, since early diagnosis and operation are essential to save life. Awareness of the condition and a careful examination of the abdomen are most important in making the diagnosis.
Takayasu's disease in twin sisters. Possible genetic factors.
Authors: F Numano, I Isohisa, U Kishi, M Arita, H Maezawa
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Takayasu's disease is well-known for its characteristic clinical features and its elusive etiology. Recently, we encountered twin Japanese sisters, both of whom were diagnosed as having Takayasu's disease. The parents, two sisters, and one brother are healthy. Family history revealed the parents are first cousins. Analyses of serveral blood types and HLA typing were performed on all members of the family, and it was confirmed that these twins are monozygotic. Moreover, HLA typing analyses revealed that one haplotype found in the father was passed only to these twins. The history of consanguinity of the parents, the occurrence in twins, and the results of HLA typing suggest a genetic factor in the etiology of Takayasu's disease.
Effect of New York State Regulatory Action on Benzodiazepine Prescribing and Hip Fracture Rates
Authors: Anita K. Wagner, Dennis Ross-Degnan, Jerry H. Gurwitz, Fang Zhang, Daniel B. Gilden, Leon Cosler, Stephen B. Soumerai
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Background: Medicare Part D excludes benzodiazepines from coverage, and numerous state government policies limit use of benzodiazepines. No data indicate that such policies have decreased the incidence of hip fracture. Objective: To assess whether a statewide policy that decreased the use of benzodiazepines among elderly persons by more than 50% has decreased the incidence of hip fracture. Design: A quasi-experiment comparing changes in outcomes before and after a policy change in a study U.S. state (New York) and a control state (New Jersey). Setting: Two U.S. state Medicaid programs, 1988–1990. Patients: Medicaid enrollees in New York (n = 51 529) and New Jersey (n = 42 029) who received or did not receive a benzodiazepine. Measurements: Benzodiazepine prescribing and hazard ratios for hip fracture, adjusted for age and eligibility category. Intervention: A statewide policy, implemented in New York in 1989, that required triplicate forms for benzodiazepine prescribing to allow surveillance by health authorities. Results: The triplicate prescription policy immediately resulted in a 60.3% (95% CI, −66.3% to −54.2%) reduction in benzodiazepine use among women and 58.5% (−64.3% to −52.8%) among men. Benzodiazepine use in New Jersey remained stable. Hazard ratios for hip fracture that were adjusted for age and eligibility category did not change in New York or New Jersey when the periods before and after use of the triplicate prescription policy were compared (change from 1.2 to 1.1 among female benzodiazepine recipients [P = 0.70], 1.3 to 1.1 [P = 0.08] among female nonrecipients, 0.8 to 1.1 [P = 0.56] among male recipients, and 1.1 to 1.3 [P = 0.46] among male nonrecipients). Limitations: Information was lacking on race, benzodiazepine dose, and other potential determinants of continued benzodiazepine prescribing. Conclusions: Policies that lead to substantial reductions in the use of benzodiazepines among elderly persons do not necessarily lead to decreased incidence of hip fracture. Limitations on coverage of benzodiazepines under Medicare Part D may not achieve this widely assumed clinical benefit.
THE DIAGNOSIS OF MILD AND IRREGULAR SMALLPOX AS FOUND IN THE PRESENT OUTBREAK IN THE UNITED STATES.
Authors: HEMAN SPALDING
Journal: JAMA (1901)

In this paper I will mention and describe only the cases of smallpox which have come under my personal observation during the past two years. Previous to 1899 Chicago had been practically free from smallpox for more than a year, having had but one case in 1898. From March 9, 1899, to the present time—about 27 months—310 cases of smallpox have been found in Chicago. Sixty-four of these in various stages of the disease were imported into the city from nineteen of the surrounding states. The cases came from as far east as New York and as far west as California. In the meantime, I visited three of the neighboring states where the diagnosis of this disease, variously called impetigo contagiosa, giant chicken-pox, Cuban itch, or some other indefinite name, was in dispute. With this opportunity of observing cases imported from such widespread and various sources, I think it is
Atlas of Human Anatomy
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>The Anatomical Basis of Medical Practice</h3> by R. Frederick Becker, James W. Wilson, and John A. Gehweiler, 907 pp, with illus, $23.50, Baltimore: Williams &amp; Wilkins Co., 1971. In recent years the status of gross anatomy has substantially changed in the medical school curricula. But even though the time devoted to the subject has been reduced and the methods of teaching drastically altered, anatomy is still the cornerstone of medicine. Two new books recently appeared that convey the essentials of gross anatomy, supplemented with roentgenograms that bring the descriptions, diagrams, photographs, and plates into closer relation with actual medicine and medical practice. The book by Lopez-Antunez has the merits of an excellent atlas and some of the defects of that category. The recto pages are all color plates of anatomical regions, well drawn and clearly labeled. The facing pages have a brief expository text and numerous roentgenograms. The text is
Self-Help: Concepts and Applications
Authors: Monnie Callan
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Passing by an urban playground one may see knots of young mothers on park benches absorbed in conversations about when to start feeding orange juice and where to find a babysitter for the return to work. Other new mothers become a source of solace, friendship, and information, and of outgrown baby clothes. Self-help groups are probably as old as the human race, from hunting parties to barn raisings, but in the 1980s organized self-help groups became more open and legitimated in US culture. As indicated in a recent<i>New York Times</i>article ("O.K. on the Self-Realization; What About the Economy?" by Maureen Dowd, July 27, 1992, p Al), the Democratic party convention brought a whole new self-help flavor to political discourse, in sharp contrast to 1972 when Senator Thomas Eagleton was deemed unfit for vice-presidential candidacy when it was revealed that he had once been treated with electroconvulsive therapy for
EFFECTS OF CHRONIC OMEGA 3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACID SUPPLEMENTATION ON HUMAN ATRIAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY AND INDUCIBILITY OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION IN THE ABSENCE OF ATRIAL SUBSTRATE
Authors: Saurabh Kumar, Fiona Sutherland, Raphael Rosso, Andrew Teh, Geoffrey Lee, Patrick Heck, Alexander Feldman, Caroline Medi, Shannon Watt, Paul B. Sparks
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Performance of conventional orthogonal and multiple-dipole electrocardiograms in estimating left ventricular muscle mass.
Authors: R A Dunn, H V Pipberger, J H Holt, A C Barnard, H A Pipberger
Journal: Circulation (1979)

For estimating left ventricular mass (LVM), ECG criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) were selected from conventional 12-lead ECGs, orthogonal three-lead ECGs, and multiple-dipole ECGs (MDECG). The three cardiograms were recorded in 139 patients for whom the degree of LVH was independently determined from biplane ventriculograms. Tested ECG criteria included Sokolow-Lyon measurements for the 12-lead ECG; for the orthogonal ECG, maximal QRS magnitude in the horizontal plane, R duration in the z-lead and Jxyz (spatial magnitude of point J); and for the 126 leads of the MDECG, the dipole activity (DA) of the septum and the free left ventricular wall. Correlation coefficients between LVM and the 12-lead ECG, three-lead ECG and MDECG were 0.61, 0.78 and 0.89, respectively, with corresponding errors of estimated LVM of 103, 82 and 60 g. More complex recording and analytic methods clearly led to increased accuracy in LVM estimates. However, the large error of estimate may limit practical applicability of such correlations. For classification of subjects into normal and above-normal categories, a likelihood ratio was also used and led to a maximum performance index of 86% with MDECG measurements.
Patterns of Toxicity and Treatment Discontinuation in Egyptian Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Patients Receiving Sorafenib Monotherapy
Authors: Abdel-Rahman Omar, Abdel Wahab Manal, Abdel Wahab Sherif, Shaker Mohammed, Elbassiouny Mohammed, Ellithy Mahmoud
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2014)
The Electrocardiographic Manifestations of Spontaneous Left Pneumothorax
Authors: ABE WALSTON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

The electrocardiograms (ECG) of seven patients with spontaneous left pneumothorax showed these changes resulting from left pneumothorax: a rightward shift of frontal QRS axis, diminution of precordial R voltage, decrease in QRS amplitude, and precordial T-wave inversion. The electrocardiographic features differ from those seen in acute myocardial infarction because of the absence of ST-segment elevation and significant Q waves. Physicians should be aware of the electrocardiographic changes in left pneumothorax to avoid confusion in differential diagnosis.
Angioplasty for intermittent claudication.
Authors: W B Campbell
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Schoolgirl mothersOver 1200 girls under 16 become mothers each year in England and Wales, The incidence has not increased in recent years, but, in contrast, 4000 schoolgirls had abortions in 1983, nearly twice as many as in 1977.Mortality among the children of young mothers is higher than that among those with older mothers, as are rates of prematurity, low birth weight, stunted growth and intellect, and child abuse.' 2 It may be, however, that these adverse outcomes are the result of the general disadvantages of poverty and low social class common to this group rather than specifically of young maternal age.But what are the difficulties for these mothers -parents while still only children themselves?There are pervasive effects of early motherhood on their physical and mental health, education, economic indepen-
MEDICINAL TREATMENT OF THE COMMON COLD
Authors: HAROLD S. DIEHL
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Although the public takes more medication for colds, both on prescription and without prescription, than for the treatment of any other illness, little of real significance has been written concerning the treatment of colds. The Thomsons,<sup>1</sup>in their exhaustive review of over 2,000 papers on the common cold, devote only about five out of 700 pages to the subject of general medicinal treatment and then conclude concerning the various drugs which they mention that "no doubt all of these are of some value. Nevertheless, they frequently fail to produce the desired effect so that one cannot be by any means certain of their efficiency." In view of such knowledge, it seems like distinct temerity to suggest that certain well known drugs are of definite value in the treatment of colds; but this is what it seems one must conclude, tentatively at least, from the results of a controlled study of
Diabetes in Epidemiological Perspective
Authors: Roger W. Turkington
Journal: JAMA (1984)

As early as 1921, Eliot Joslin pointed out that diabetes mellitus has epidemic characteristics. Despite his powerful testimony that the epidemiologic approach could provide great insights into the distribution, determinants, and prevention of this disease, little attention was devoted to this area in the past 60 years.  This volume attempts to compensate for our lack of emphasis on the epidemiology of diabetes by providing an authoritative and cosmopolitan view of diabetes mellitus as it continues to emerge in various societies around the world. Twenty-two contributors describe the incidence, prevalence, natural history, and etiology of diabetes in both primitive and affluent cultures, and show how these factors affect the patterns of clinical practice and the provision of health services in various countries.  The excellent chapter by R. F. Hamman on diabetes in affluent societies can be applied directly to populations in the United States, while the chapters on migrant populations suggest
Chronic active hepatitis associated with antiliver/kidney microsome antibody type 1: A second type of “autoimmune” hepatitis
Authors: Jean-Claude Homberg, Nisen Abuaf, Olivier Bernard, Shamsul Islam, Fernando Alvarez, Samir H. Khalil, Raoul Poupon, François Darnis, Victor-Georges Lévy, Patrick Grippon, Pierre Opolon, Jacques Bernuau, Jean-Pierre Benhamou, Daniel Alagille
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

Sixty-five patients with histologically proven chronic active hepatitis of unknown cause but associated with the antiliver/kidney microsome antibody type 1, confirmed by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation, were selected as forming a special entity. This disease was found to be rare with a prevalence of 5/1,000,000. The female to male ratio was 8:1. The condition occurred at all ages but was most common between the ages of 2 and 14 years. In 22 of the 65 cases, the hepatitis was associated with an autoimmune disease, most commonly insulin-dependent diabetes, autoimmune thyroid disease and vitiligo. The same autoimmune diseases were present in first-degree relatives from seven families. In 36 cases, the onset of disease resembled acute viral hepatitis. Serum biochemical tests showed marked elevation in aminotransaminases and hypergammaglobulinemia. Paradoxically, serum and salivary IgA levels were often normal or low. Histologic findings were multifocal hepatic necrosis with bridging in the acute stage, and aggressive hepatitis with mononuclear cell infiltration or macronodular cirrhosis in the late stages. Serologically, apart from the presence of antiliver/kidney microsome antibody type 1, the disease was characterized by the absence of antiactin, antimitochondria and antinucleus antibodies; however, organ-specific autoantibodies were often present. The clinical course was usually severe: six patients in the acute stage presented with fulminant hepatitis, and all, except two, other patients progressed to cirrhosis. Prolonged treatment with corticosteroids and immunosuppressants was usually effective in rendering the cirrhosis inactive. The cumulative survival rate was 51% at 14 years. We propose to call this entity "anti-LKM1 chronic active hepatitis" or "autoimmune hepatitis type II" to differentiate it from classical "lupoid hepatitis" or autoimmune hepatitis type I.
Caroline Stevenson Duff
Authors: J. E M Duff
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Former general practitioner Dover (b 1928; q Aberdeen 1951), d 22 October 2001.

After qualifying, she did house jobs at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Stracathro Hospital, Royal Victoria Hospital, Folkestone, and Buckland Hospital, Dover. Carol was in general practice in Dover from 1952 to 1988. From 1972 to 1988 she was medical officer to Dover “Across” Trust, in which capacity she accompanied pilgrimages to Lourdes. She was for many years medical officer to Dover College. In her early days in general practice, she accompanied (by boat) several long distance swimmers on cross Channel attempts. She was unmarried.
A case of lichen planus caused by mercury allergy
Authors: Y. Kato, R. Hayakawa, R. Shiraki, K. Ozeki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article A case of lichen planus caused by mercury allergy Get access Y. Kato, Y. Kato Department of Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 1‐1‐20 Daikominami, Higashi‐ku, Nagoya 461‐0047, Japan Yoshimi Kato. E‐mail: ykato@med.nagoya‐u.ac.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Hayakawa, R. Hayakawa Department of Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 1‐1‐20 Daikominami, Higashi‐ku, Nagoya 461‐0047, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Shiraki, R. Shiraki Department of Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 1‐1‐20 Daikominami, Higashi‐ku, Nagoya 461‐0047, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K. Ozeki K. Ozeki Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital, 2‐9 Myoken‐cho, Showa‐ku, Nagoya 466‐8650, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 148, Issue 6, 1 June 2003, Pages 1268–1269, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05234.x Published: 01 June 2003 Article history Accepted: 28 September 2002 Published: 01 June 2003
Visual impairment is not enough to assess need for treatment
Authors: A. Mordue, D. W Parkin
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR-Reidy et al found that 6% (92 of 1547) of an elderly population had serious and potentially remediable visual impairment (<6/60) and far higher numbers had less serious impairment.1 Since many of these people were not in touch with eye services it would be easy to conclude that, for example, the volume of cataract surgery should be substantially increased. The findings are important but caution is needed in drawing conclusions for service provision. Case definitions are critical in epidemiological investigations. The …
A murine model of myocardial microvascular thrombosis
Authors: Patricia D. Christie, Jay M. Edelberg, Michael H. Picard, Andrea S. Foulkes, Wilfred Mamuya, Hartmut Weiler-Guettler, Robert H. Rubin, Peter Gilbert, Robert D. Rosenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

Disorders of hemostasis lead to vascular pathology. Endothelium-derived gene products play a critical role in the formation and degradation of fibrin. We sought to characterize the importance of these locally produced factors in the formation of fibrin in the cardiac macrovasculature and microvasculature. This study used mice with modifications of the thrombomodulin (TM) gene, the tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) gene, and the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) gene. The results revealed that tPA played the most important role in local regulation of fibrin deposition in the heart, with lesser contributions by TM and uPA (least significant). Moreover, a synergistic relationship in fibrin formation existed in mice with concomitant modifications of tPA and TM, resulting in myocardial necrosis and depressed cardiac function. The data were fit to a statistical model that may offer a foundation for examination of hemostasis-regulating gene interactions.
Anaphylactoid Reaction to the Hydriodide of Diethylaminoethyl Ester of Penicillin G (Neo-Penil)
Authors: L. A. Chotkowski
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

THE hydriodide of diethylaminoethyl ester of penicillin G (Neo-Penil†) was released for general use early in the summer of 1952, after clinical investigation1 2 3 had shown it to be safe and efficacious. In July, 1952, it was administered to a patient with advanced silicosis because of its reportedly selective concentration in inflamed pulmonary tissues.4 After the third intramuscular injection in the usual doses of 500,000 units per cubic centimeter, the patient experienced an alarming anaphylactoid reaction from which he fortunately recovered. A report of a similar case has appeared in the English literature,5 but to my knowledge no other case has . . .
Human rights group calls on Bahrain to release medical personnel and remove security forces from hospitals
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Human rights activists have called on Bahrain’s security and military forces to stop immediately the harassment, intimidation, arrest, torture, and ill treatment of medical staff working in health facilities.

A report from Human Rights Watch concludes that the Bahrain government should “end its campaign against the medical community, cease the detention and persecution of medical professionals solely for exercising their rights to freedom of assembly and expression,” and allow unhindered access to medical treatment for all. The government should also conduct an investigation of the alleged violations, says the report.

Since mid-February, when anti-government protests began, the New York based rights advocacy group has documented attacks by security …