tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Enalapril in Infants With Single Ventricle
Authors: Daphne T. Hsu, Victor Zak, Lynn Mahony, Lynn A. Sleeper, Andrew M. Atz, Jami C. Levine, Piers C. Barker, Chitra Ravishankar, Brian W. McCrindle, Richard V. Williams, Karen Altmann, Nancy S. Ghanayem, Renee Margossian, Wendy K. Chung, William L. Border, Gail D. Pearson, Mario P. Stylianou, Seema Mital
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy improves clinical outcome and ventricular function in adults with heart failure. Infants with single-ventricle physiology have poor growth and are at risk for abnormalities in ventricular systolic and diastolic function. The ability of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy to preserve ventricular function and improve somatic growth and outcomes in these infants is unknown. Methods and Results— The Pediatric Heart Network conducted a double-blind trial involving 230 infants with single-ventricle physiology randomized to receive enalapril (target dose 0.4 mg · kg −1 · d −1 ) or placebo who were followed up until 14 months of age. The primary end point was weight-for-age z score at 14 months. The primary analysis was intention to treat. A total of 185 infants completed the study. There were 24 and 21 withdrawals or deaths in the enalapril and placebo groups, respectively ( P =0.74). Weight-for-age z score was not different between the enalapril and placebo groups (mean±SE −0.62±0.13 versus −0.42±0.13, P =0.28). There were no significant group differences in height-for-age z score, Ross heart failure class, brain natriuretic peptide concentration, Bayley scores of infant development, or ventricular ejection fraction. The incidence of death or transplantation was 13% and did not differ between groups. Serious adverse events occurred in 88 patients in the enalapril group and 87 in the placebo group. Conclusions— Administration of enalapril to infants with single-ventricle physiology in the first year of life did not improve somatic growth, ventricular function, or heart failure severity. The results of this randomized trial do not support the routine use of enalapril in this population. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00113087.
A HAIR ENCIRCLING A FINGER AT BIRTH
Authors: James J. Snipes
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Baby B., aged 4 weeks, referred by Dr. S. O. Reese, was a normal child except for (1) a peculiar deficiency of the lobe of the left ear, and (2) a contraction around the center of the first phalanx of the middle finger of the left hand as if a fine thread or hair had been tied around the finger, although a thorough search at birth and again, Sept. 18, 1926, failed to reveal it. The delivery, at full term, was normal, and the weight of the baby at birth was 8 pounds, 13 ounces (3.9 Kg.). Both parents were white, young, healthy and native Nebraskans, having lived there all their lives. At examination, four weeks after birth, this furrow, according to Dr. Reese, was somewhat deeper, or the tissue at the finger was somewhat swollen, giving the appearance of depth. There was a slight ulceration or
Differential mRNA Expression of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Splice Variants in Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Pulmonary Sarcoidosis
Authors: CLAIRE A. BLOOR, RICHARD A. KNIGHT, RAVINDRA K. KEDIA, MONICA A. SPITERI, JEREMY T. ALLEN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a highly mitogenic polypeptide detectable in human lung. Using competitive reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), expression of four IGF-1 transcripts was examined in bronchoalveolar lavage cells (BALC) from normal subjects, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), stage I/II (no fibrosis), and stage III/IV (confirmed fibrosis) pulmonary sarcoidosis patients, and fibroblast strains isolated from normal and IPF lungs. Transcripts studied were Class 1 and Class 2 (exons 1 or 2, respectively) with IGF-1Eb or IGF-1Ea (exons 5 or 6, respectively). Total IGF-1 expression was downregulated in BALC of both patients with IPF (p < 0.01) and patients with sarcoidosis (p < 0.04) compared with healthy subjects. In contrast, both constitutive (p < 0.003) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)- induced (p < 0.02) IGF-1 expression was higher in fibrotic, compared with normal, fibroblasts. These changes were associated with differential expression of IGF-1 splice variants. Healthy subjects and sarcoidosis patients without fibrosis showed similar expression of Class 1/Class 2 and IGF-1Ea/IGF-1Eb. However, patients with fibrosis demonstrated discordant, increased relative abundance of Class 1 transcripts (p < 0.01). In parallel, all fibrosis patients failed to express Class 2, IGF-1Eb forms and sarcoidosis patients with fibrosis did not express the Class 1, IGF-1Eb variant either. Fibrotic fibroblasts expressed higher constitutive levels of Class 1, IGF-1Ea transcripts compared with normal fibroblasts. Class 2, IGF-1Eb forms were moderately expressed by fibroblasts only after stimulation with TGF-beta, which also further increased levels of Class 1, IGF-1Ea transcripts. Our findings suggest that transition from a healthy to a fibrotic phenotype occurs in association with a changing pattern of IGF-1 mRNA heterogeneity and leads us to hypothesize a potential role for specific IGF-1 variants in fibrogenesis.
Little behavior change from PPIs, drug substitution laws
Authors: Milan Korcok
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Expectations that behavioral change will result from new policies or laws concerning prescription drug use may be unwarranted. For example, many believe that the provision of drug information in the form of a patient package insert (PPI) will inevitably lead to safer, more discriminating, or even more cost-conscious drug use. This may not be so. As Seymour Fisher, PhD, professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, told a national prescribing conference at New York's Mount Sinai Medical School, even if patients read PPIs—which is not certain—they are unlikely to remember the information for very long, and even less likely to act upon it. The study was based on an evaluation, begun in 1979, of the impact of an experimental PPI given to patients for whom diazepam was prescribed. The PPI, written in nontechnical language in English on one side and Spanish on
Some observations on the in vitro cytotoxicity of chrysotile prepared by the wet dispersion process.
Authors: I P Gormley, R E Bolton, G M Brown, J M Davis, A Wright
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Samples of the chrysotile taken during and after treatment by the wet dispersion process have been tested for their cytotoxic effect in vitro and the results compared with both a UICC chrysotile A sample and a dust prepared from a standard chrysotile textile yarn. Results were obtained from three different in vitro assay systems utilizing P388D1, V79-4 and A549 cells. A sample which still contained the wetting agent used in the wet dispersion process failed to show activity in any of these assays. The other samples, however, were all active with those dusts obtained by milling the final product and by sampling the air of the factory consistently proving significantly more cytotoxic than the standard chrysotile controls. Preliminary results from a parallel in vivo study suggest that these samples are also more active in producing mesotheliomas in rats.
Abstract 4217: A real-time PCR assay for the detection of PIK3CA mutations in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue (FFPET) specimens of breast cancer (BC).
Authors: Peter Schlag, Corey Hoeppner, Anona Bristol, Namneet Kaur, Stephen Quashnick, Ramani Ravirala, Joyce Kramer, Minet Negash, Victoria Brophy, Sung Lee, Stephen Soviero
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Somatic mutations in the PIK3CA gene encoding the p110α catalytic subunit of the PI3K protein have been linked to human cancer and have been found to occur at a high frequency in BC (25-40%). Therapeutics that target key nodes in the PI3K signaling pathway are currently being developed and stratifying patients based on their PIK3CA mutation status is becoming more important. We describe the analytical performance of the cobas® PIK3CA Mutation Test (For Research Use Only), a multiplex allele-specific PCR assay designed to detect 17 mutations in exons 1, 4, 7, 9 and 20 in the PIK3CA gene in 3 PCR wells. The test detects ∼94% of known PIK3CA mutations found in BC. The amount of DNA required for the assay (150 ng) can typically be isolated from a single 5 μm FFPET section with automated test results generated within 8 hours. The analytical sensitivity of the test, defined as ≥95% mutation detection rate, was found to be ∼5% mutant allele in BC FFPET tumor sections representing 4 prevalent PIK3CA mutations (H1047R, E545K, E542K, and Q546K). Additionally, the test was able to detect all 17 mutations at ≤ 5% mutant allele in plasmid/gDNA blends. The test was also compared to 2X bi-directional Sanger sequencing using 110 BC FFPET specimens. The PCR test detected mutations in 50 specimens that were Sanger (+) (100% positive agreement). Moreover, the test detected mutations in 4 Sanger (-) specimens and detected a second mutation in 1 Sanger (+) specimen that was not detected by Sanger. All 5 of the PCR (+)/Sanger (-) were confirmed mutant by 454 sequencing. Sanger Sequencing Mutation Detected Mutation Not Detected Total cobas® PIK3CA Mutation Test Mutation Detected 50* 4 54 Mutation Not Detected 0 56 56 Total 50 60 110 *One specimen had an additional mutation. When a panel of BC FFPET specimens was repeatedly tested over multiple days by 2 operators using 2 instruments and 2 reagent lots, a correct call was obtained in 99.5% (191/192) of tests. The results demonstrate that the cobas® PIK3CA Mutation Test is a fast, accurate and reproducible assay that is more sensitive than Sanger sequencing for the detection of PIK3CA mutations in BC tumors. Citation Format: Peter Schlag, Corey Hoeppner, Anona Bristol, Namneet Kaur, Stephen Quashnick, Ramani Ravirala, Joyce Kramer, Minet Negash, Victoria Brophy, Sung Lee, Stephen Soviero. A real-time PCR assay for the detection of PIK3CA mutations in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue (FFPET) specimens of breast cancer (BC). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4217. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4217
Chromoendoscopy with Indigocarmine Improves the Detection of Adenomatous and Nonadenomatous Lesions in the Colon
Authors: R. Kiesslich, M. von Bergh, M. Hahn, G. Hermann, M. Jung
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

Background and Study Aims: Depressed early cancers and flat adenomas have a high potential for malignancy with possible infiltrating growth, despite the small size of the lesion. Japanese investigators have shown that early diagnosis and classification of these lesions is possible with the help of chromoendoscopy. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the usefulness of chromoendoscopy during routine colonoscopy.
Sensitive detection of human cytomegalovirus in tumors and peripheral blood of patients diagnosed with glioblastoma
Authors: Duane A. Mitchell, Weihua Xie, Robert Schmittling, Chris Learn, Allan Friedman, Roger E. McLendon, John H. Sampson
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2007)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been described to be associated with several human malignancies, though the frequency of detection remains controversial. It is unclear whether HCMV plays an active role in malignant tumor progression or becomes reactivated under pathologic conditions that result in chronic inflammation or immunosuppression. In this study, we report on the investigation of detecting HCMV in the tumors and peripheral blood of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Using immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction amplification of viral DNA, the detection of HCMV was investigated in tumor and blood specimens from patients with GBM as well as in the peripheral blood of normal volunteers and patients undergoing craniotomy for diagnoses other than GBM. We found that a high percentage (>90%) of GBM tumors, not surrounding normal brain, are associated with HCMV nucleic acids and proteins. Furthermore, a significant proportion of patients (80%) with newly diagnosed GBM have detectable HCMV DNA in their peripheral blood, while seropositive normal donors and other surgical patients did not exhibit detectable virus, suggesting either a systemic reactivation of HCMV within patients with GBM or shedding of viral DNA from infected tumor cells into the periphery. These results confirm the association of HCMV with malignant gliomas and demonstrate that subclinical HCMV viremia (presence of viral DNA in blood without clinical symptoms of infection) is a previously unrecognized disease spectrum in patients with GBM.
Diphenylhydantoin and potassium transport in isolated nerve terminals
Authors: Antonio V. Escueta, Stanley H. Appel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

THE ANTIEPILEPTIC ACTION OF DIPHENYLHYDANTOIN (DPH) HAS BEEN EXPLAINED BY TWO DIFFERENT THEORIES: (a) that DPH stimulates the Na-K pump; (b) that DPH specifically blocks the passive translocation of sodium. Since electrophysiological experiments have recently suggested abnormal synaptic mechanisms as the basis for epileptogenic discharges, the action of DPH on K transport within synaptic terminals isolated from "normal" rat brain cortex was examined directly. A rapid filtration technique was used to assess in vitro potassium transport within synaptosomes. In vivo DPH did not significantly change endogenous K content within synaptosomes. With sodium (50 mM) and potassium (10 mM) concentrations optimal for Na-K pump activity, in vivo and in vitro DPH (10(-4) M) had minimal or no effects on total K uptake. DPH stimulated potassium uptake within synaptosomes under two situations: (a) at high sodium (50-100 mM) and low potassium (less than 2 mM) concentrations; (b) when synaptosomes were incubated with ouabain (10(-4) M) 50 mM Na and 10 mM K. In both situations, K was leaking out of synaptic terminals and the enhancement in net K uptake roughly corresponded to the ouabain inhibitable segment. In the absence of ouabain, the stimulatory effects of DPH were not observed when K was 2 mM or higher and when Na was 10 mM or lower. The stimulatory effects of in vitro DPH appeared over a range of concentrations from 10(-4) to 10(-10) M while single intraperitoneal injections of DPH had to be administered for 2 days before its effects were observed on synaptosomal K transport. The present data provided direct evidence for DPH stimulation of active potassium transport within synaptosomes under ionic conditions simulating the depolarized state. At other ionic conditions, DPH had inhibitory or no effects on K uptake. Although the results do not specify whether the effects of DPH on the Na-K pump are direct or indirect, they suggest that the action of DPH depends upon the state of the membrane and the specific ionic environment.
Congenital Defect of the Pericardium
Authors: NOBLE O. FOWLER
Journal: Circulation (1962)

A 20-year-old woman with partial absence of the parietal pericardium is described. Radiologically, there was unusual prominence of the pulmonary are segment and the entire heart appeared to be shifted to the left. The electrocardiogram showed abnormal right axis deviation and suggested right ventricular hypertrophy. Right heart catheterization showed no evidence of pulmonary hypertension. Following the induction of left pneumothorax, air appeared in the right pleural space and in the pericardial space. A diagnosis of partial absence of the parietal pericardium was made. The recognition of this disorder is of importance because pulmonary hypertension or pulmonary valve stenosis with post-stenotic dilation of the pulmonary artery may be simulated, both radiologically and electrocardiographically.
Selection based on CD133 and high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity isolates long-term reconstituting human hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: David A. Hess, Louisa Wirthlin, Timothy P. Craft, Phillip E. Herrbrich, Sarah A. Hohm, Ryan Lahey, William C. Eades, Michael H. Creer, Jan A. Nolta
Journal: Blood (2005)
α3(V) Collagen is critical for glucose homeostasis in mice due to effects in pancreatic islets and peripheral tissues
Authors: Guorui Huang, Gaoxiang Ge, Dingyan Wang, Bagavathi Gopalakrishnan, Delana H. Butz, Ricki J. Colman, Andras Nagy, Daniel S. Greenspan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Collagen V, broadly expressed as α1(V)2α2(V) heterotrimers that regulate collagen fibril geometry and strength, also occurs in some tissues, such as white adipose tissue (WAT), pancreatic islets, and skeletal muscle, as the poorly characterized α1(V) α2(V) α3(V) heterotrimer. Here, we investigate the role of α3(V) collagen chains by generating mice with a null allele of the α3(V) gene Col5a3 (Col5a3–/– mice). Female Col5a3–/– mice had reduced dermal fat and were resistant to high-fat diet–induced weight gain. Male and female mutant mice were glucose intolerant, insulin-resistant, and hyperglycemic, and these metabolic defects worsened with age. Col5a3–/– mice demonstrated decreased numbers of pancreatic islets, which were more susceptible to streptozotocin-induced apoptosis, and islets isolated from mutant mice displayed blunted glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Moreover, Col5a3–/– WAT and skeletal muscle were defective in glucose uptake and mobilization of intracellular GLUT4 glucose transporter to the plasma membrane in response to insulin. Our results underscore the emerging view of the importance of ECM to the microenvironments that inform proper development/functioning of specialized cells, such as adipocytes, β cells, and skeletal muscle.
Academic boycotts of South Africans
Authors: N. Richman, D. Hollander, N. Leigh, D. Bell, A Bailey, J Schlicht, R Levy, R. Araya
Journal: BMJ (1986)

advantage of Polaroid films is their relatively low resolution, which may fail to pick out fine vessels if the quality of the photograph is other than excellent.This finding coincides with our experience of working in a retinopathy clinic.Over the past eight months of using the non-mydriatic camera there were at least eight cases ofproliferative retinopathy which presented with lesions outside its photographic field.
Problems in the Identification of Potential Organ Donors
Authors: Thomas D. Overcast
Journal: JAMA (1984)

A survey of organ procurement programs and district attorneys' offices was undertaken in all 50 states and the District of Columbia to determine to what extent organ donor cards were effective in obtaining organs for purposes of transplantation. Results of the survey revealed that all 50 states and the District of Columbia have adopted some form of the Uniform Anatomical Gift Act (UAGA), but in 47 states, even when a signed donor card is available, surgeons still require family approval for removal of organs despite the fact that the provisions of the UAGA do not require this. In addition, it was found that while 44 states have a provision on their permanent drivers' licenses for organ donation, no state requires drivers to indicate whether they want to donate organs. While there is little information on the number of persons who actually carry donor cards, four states indicated that between 1.7% and 8.5% of their drivers were designated as donors. In Colorado, however, it was reported that 60% of all drivers are designated as donors. Nevertheless, in all states it was determined that few actual donors were carrying donor cards at the time of their death. It must therefore be concluded that while donor cards are an excellent educational medium and certainly facilitate the activities of transplant coordination, they are not an effective means of substantially increasing the supply of organs for transplantation. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;251:1559-1562)
Racial Differences in Myocardial Infarction Outcomes
Authors: Yu Han
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Letters1 December 2009Racial Differences in Myocardial Infarction OutcomesYu Han, PhD, Liu Hong, PhD, and Jianhua Qiu, PhDYu Han, PhDFrom Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.Search for more papers by this author, Liu Hong, PhDFrom Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.Search for more papers by this author, and Jianhua Qiu, PhDFrom Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-151-11-200912010-00018 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Spertus and colleagues (1) concluded that black patients with myocardial infarction have worse outcomes than white patients. Although the study was potentially clinically directive, we have 2 concerns. First, because the white patients were mostly men, the findings must be extrapolated to women with caution. Furthermore, enrollment bias may have caused the difference in proportions of men between the 2 groups. Second, the fundamental question of causality between racial differences and myocardial infarction outcomes could not be answered in this observational study. Thus, before speculating about the putative mechanisms underlying the observed survival advantage of white over ...Reference1. Spertus JA, Jones PG, Masoudi FA, Rumsfeld JS, Krumholz HM. Factors associated with racial differences in myocardial infarction outcomes. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150:314-24. [PMID: 19258559] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoFactors Associated With Racial Differences in Myocardial Infarction Outcomes John A. Spertus , Philip G. Jones , Frederick A. Masoudi , John S. Rumsfeld , and Harlan M. Krumholz Racial Differences in Myocardial Infarction Outcomes John A. Spertus , Philip G. Jones , and Harlan M. Krumholz Racial Differences in Myocardial Infarction Outcomes James R. Webster Metrics 1 December 2009Volume 151, Issue 11Page: 823KeywordsConflicts of interestMyocardial infarctionObservational studies ePublished: 1 December 2009 Issue Published: 1 December 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...