tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aldo-keto reductase-7A protects liver cells and tissues from acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity
Authors: Munzir M.E. Ahmed, Tao Wang, Yu Luo, Shuilong Ye, Qiao Wu, Zongsheng Guo, Bill D. Roebuck, Thomas R. Sutter, James Y. Yang
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Aldo-keto reductase-7A (AKR7A) is an enzyme important for bioactivation and biodetoxification. Previous studies suggested that Akr7a might be transcriptionally regulated by oxidative stress-responsive transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a protein highly responsive to acetaminophen (APAP) or its intermediate metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI). This study was, therefore, carried out to investigate whether Akr7a is involved in the protection against APAP-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity. We found that in response to APAP or NAPQI exposure, Akr7a3 mRNA and protein were significantly up-regulated in vitro in human HepG2 and LO2 cells. Similarly, strong induction was observed for Akr7a5 in mouse AML12 hepatocytes exposed to APAP. In vivo in wild-type rats, significant up-regulation of hepatic AKR7A1 protein was observed after administration of APAP. On the other hand, depletion of Nrf2 reduced the expression of Akr7a3, suggesting that Nrf2, indeed, contributes significantly to the induction of Akr7a. Moreover, loss of cell viability in Nrf2-depleted cells was significantly rescued by coexpression of AKR7A3. Furthermore, increased AKR7A3 in HepG2 cells was associated with the up-regulation of oxidative stress-related enzymes to enhance cellular antioxidant defense, which appeared to contribute significantly to protection against APAP-induced toxicity. In a line of transgenic rats overexpressing AKR7A1, increased AKR7A1 stimulated the expression of Nrf2 and other Nrf2-regulated genes, but did not better protect rats from APAP insults. In contrast, depletion of Akr7a5 in vitro in cultured AML12 cells or depletion of Akr7a1 in vivo in rat liver greatly increased APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.AKR7A proteins are significantly up-regulated in response to APAP/NAPQI exposure to contribute significantly to protection against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. AKR7A mediates this protection, in part, through enhancing hepatocellular antioxidant defense.
Coinfection study of precore mutant and wild-type hepatitis B-like virus in ducklings
Authors: Wan-Long Chuang, Masao Omata, Toshiki Ehata, Osamu Yokosuka, Kazuhiko Hosoda, Fumio Imazeki, Masao Ohto
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

The precore mutant hepatitis B virus often emerges from a mixed infection with combined wild-type and precore mutant viruses. Nevertheless, the precore mutant does not seem to be an evolutionarily favored strain. To investigate the interaction between wild-type and precore mutant hepadnaviruses in an animal model of perinatal transmission, we used an e antigen-defective mutant duck hepatitis B virus with mutations inside the stem-loop structure of precore messenger RNA for this coinfection study. Thirty 1-day-old ducklings were infected with wild-type duck hepatitis B virus, precore mutant virus or both viruses. The amounts of viremia and the distribution of viruses were analyzed by spot hybridization, polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism, cloning and sequencing. We found that all the ducklings became chronic carriers of duck hepatitis B virus. The precore mutant replicate was less active than wild-type duck hepatitis B virus, and it could be overgrown by wild-type virus during the course of coinfection. These results demonstrated that wild-type duck hepatitis B virus might become the predominant species in a situation similar to the perinatal cotransmission in human beings. This might at least in part explain why the prototype virus could prevail for years.
Hemodynamic and Clinical Appraisal of Coarctation Four to Seven Years after Resection and End-to-End Anastomosis of the Aorta
Authors: J. LEO WRIGHT, HOWARD B. BURCHELL, EARL H. WOOD, EDGAR A. HINES, O. THERON CLAGETT
Journal: Circulation (1956)

This study was undertaken to ascertain whether coarctation of the aorta produces permanent hemodynamic abnormalities that may persist despite resection and end-to-end anastomosis. The results of studies in 10 patients 4 to 7 years after operation are compared to those obtained before and immediately after operation. The most significant finding was continued decrease in residual coarctation, in addition to dramatic immediate postoperative improvement in the degree of circulatory impairment.
Vitamin D Binding Protein Variants and the Risk of COPD
Authors: DEVIN SCHELLENBERG, PETER D. PARÉ, TRACEY D. WEIR, JOHN J. SPINELLI, BLAIR A. M. WALKER, ANDREW J. SANDFORD
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Although the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in smokers shows genetic susceptibility, only α 1-antitrypsin deficiency has been identified as a definite genetic risk factor. There have been three previous studies in which associations between Gc-globulin phenotypes and COPD have been investigated. Although some data suggest an association, the results were inconclusive. Because smoking is the major risk factor for COPD, it may have been a confounding factor in previous studies. We have investigated Gc-globulin genotypic frequencies among 75 COPD patients and 64 nonobstructed controls. Both groups had significant smoking histories: pack-years (mean ± SD) of 52 ± 30 and 48 ± 27, respectively. The results show that homozygosity for the Gc2 allele is protective against COPD (OR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.03 to 0.83). There were no differences between genotypes for lung elastic recoil values or for the level of upstream airway resistance. Gc-globulin can enhance complement (C5a)-mediated neutrophil chemotaxis. Because neutrophils play a role in parenchymal destruction and airway inflammation, we examined whether Gc-globulin's ability to enhance neutrophil chemotaxis varied with genotype. We found no difference among genotypes with respect to neutrophil chemotaxis suggesting that the protective effect of the Gc2 allele is mediated through a different mechanism.
Recognition of Syphilis
Authors: William MacMillan Rodney
Journal: JAMA (1982)

To the Editor.—  The article on Physician Recognition of the Signs and Symptoms of Secondary Syphilis by Thomas A. Chapel, MD (1981;246:250), and the editorial of Yehudi M. Felman, MD, in the same issue (1981; 246:252), served to remind us of previously published comments by Greenberg and Madorsky (1972;220:1736). Using their venereal disease quiz, Lewis Drusin, MD, and I tested two separate classes of medical students in their clinical years. At that time Cornell Medical College devoted more curriculum hours to venereal disease teaching than most medical schools. Using 60% correct as a passing grade, 45.4% of fourth-year students failed. Three years later a separate class of students at the end of their third year had a 51.7% failure rate. This was the vanguard for the 47.2% of Chapel's physicians who failed to include lues in their differential diagnosis.  We hoped that our colleagues would acquire sufficient acumen during their
Living wills will have to specify treatments that patient is refusing
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Advance directives—also called living wills—will have to specify clearly the treatments a patient is refusing, under improvements announced last week to legislation which will put them on a statutory footing. The constitutional affairs minister, Lord Filkin, outlined a range of changes to the Mental Incapacity Bill after recommendations by interest groups and by a parliamentary committee scrutinising the bill.
THE SEDIMENTATION RATE OF THE RED BLOOD CELLS IN VARIOUS TYPES OF ARTHRITIS
Authors: Theodore W. Oppel, Walter K. Myers, Chester S. Keefer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1933)

The increased sedimentation rate of red blood cells in various diseases has aroused considerable interest during the past ten years.The positive value as an aid in differential diagnosis and in following the course of certain diseases, such as tuberculosis, has been repeatedly studied.In joint disease there is considerable divergence of opinion regarding the value of the sedimentation rate as an aid in discriminating between various types of arthritis (1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8).This is probably due to the different criteria used for establishing a diagnosis, the different methods employed for determining the sedimentation rate, the stage of the disease at which the examination is made, and the presence of factors other than the fundamental disease process which alter the rate.All of these must be considered before conclusions can be drawn.In order to determine for ourselves the value of the sedimentation rate of the red blood corpuscles in the differential diagnosis and prognosis of arthritis we studied this reaction in 107 patients with various forms of arthritis.During the same period of time 103 patients with a miscellany of diseases were studied as a control group.A list of the cases is sum- marized in Table I.TABLE I Distribution of cases charted Rheumatoid (atrophic) arthritis.....
Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus in Prince Edward Island
Authors: Meng H Tan, M Charleen Wornell, Angus W Beck
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

In Prince Edward Island, all diabetic inhabitants who register annually with the Provincial Department of Health can obtain prescribed hypoglycemic medications and urine testing materials free of charge. Since 1964, this drug program has served as an informal register of the diabetic patients living on the island. Based on the data available, the following observations are made: (1) The prevalence rate of diabetes increased from 0.89% in 1966 to 1.53% in 1977. The prevalence rates increased from 0.05% in the less than 9-yr age group to 8.4% in the greater than 90-yr age group. The prevalence rate of diabetes among school children was 0.19%. (2) The incidence rate was 1.89/1000 in 1977. The highest incidence rate was in the greater than 40-yr age group and the lowest in the less than 10-yr age group. (3) Fourteen and a half percent of the diabetic persons were treated with diet alone, 52.7% with oral agents, and 32.5% with insulin in 1977. (4) In 1978, the cost per diabetic person for providing benefits was: oral agent = $14.88, insulin = $84.75, urine testing materials = $9.29, and education = $38.08.
Efficacy of topical tacrolimus for treating the malar rash of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: T. Kanekura, N. Yoshii, K. Terasaki, H. Miyoshi, T. Kanzaki
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Summary The rash of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is usually treated with topical corticosteroids, but prolonged use causes adverse cutaneous side‐effects. We assessed the efficacy of topical tacrolimus for treating the skin lesions of SLE. Three patients with SLE affecting their facial skin applied 0·1% tacrolimus ointment on one side of their face twice daily for 3 weeks, in conjunction with a sunscreen cream. After 3 weeks, erythema on the treated side was ameliorated in all three patients compared with the untreated side. Although the study is preliminary, the results demonstrate that topical tacrolimus may be useful for treating the malar rash of SLE.
Hyperhomocysteinemia inhibits post-injury reendothelialization in mice
Authors: H TAN, X JIANG, F YANG, Z LI, D LIAO, J TRIAL, M MAGERA, W DURANTE, X YANG, H WANG
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

Objective: Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and has been reported to inhibit endothelial cell (EC) growth. Notwithstanding, precisely how HHcy regulates EC growth in vivo remains unknown. In this study, we established a mouse model of endothelial injury and reendothelialization and examined the role and mechanism of HHcy in endothelial repair.
LIFE THROUGH A LABORATORY WINDOW
Authors: A. Keith
Journal: BMJ (1935)

Sartor Resartus, adding that " in somne respects " the former " is the better book."There are some resem- blances of a metaphysical kind, but the differences between them are profound.The life which Dr. Carrel describes is that seen through a laboratory window which looks out on the sophisticated life of New York, whereas Carlyle's study window opened out on the wind-swept moors of Craigenputtock.Dr. Carrel sees the world through a film of " tissue culture," Carlyle saw it through the mystical haze of a Calvinistic philosophy.It is true that in both cases we have to deal with Ilisgruntled men who suffer from some strange form of mental astigmatism;both have assumed the mantle of Jeremith in the midst of a world which they conceive to be evil.Carrel, like Carlyle, is a hero-worshipper and a contr;mner of democracies.Carrel, like Carlyle, believes humanity has to be retailored, but, unlike Carlyle, he thinks the new suit must be cut under scientific guidance.
The tumor dormant state. Quantitation of L5178Y cells and host immune responses during the establishment and course of dormancy in syngeneic DBA/2 mice.
Authors: K J Weinhold, L T Goldstein, E F Wheelock
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1979)

Subcutaneous implantation of DBA/2-derived L5178Y cells into DBA/2 mice followed 10 d later by nodule excision protected 100% of mice from the rapid outgrowth of an intraperitoneal challenge of L5178Y cells given 7 d postexcision. Challenged mice remained clinically normal for 48--250 d before onset of an ultimately fatal tumor outgrowth. The numbers of L5178Y cells in the peritoneal cavity increased logarithmically for 4 d after challenge and then declined to low but detectable levels which persisted throughout the clinically normal period. Cells active in 18-h in vitro cytolytic assays against 51Cr-labeled L5178Y target cells were found in the peritoneal cavity. The effector cells were determined to be Thy1.2 positive. Their activity was tumor specific and reached peak levels 4 d after tumor challenge and then gradually declined to undectable levels during the following 70 d. Tumor emergence occurred most frequently during the period when CMC activity was no longer demonstrable in the remaining clinically normal mice. A transient peak of low level cytophilic antitumor antibody was detected about 30 d after tumor cell challenge. The temporal associations between the numbers of tumor cells and the levels of cell-mediated lysis against L5178Y cells indicate the importance of the cell-mediated cytolysis response in limiting initial tumor outgrowth and suggest its role as one of the factors responsible for long-term tumor suppression during tumor dormancy.
Digitalis Poisoning and Its Treatment
Authors: Burton M. Cohen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

THERE is no more fitting introduction to the subject of digitalis intoxication than William Withering's description, in his "An Account of the Foxglove," of a visit to a traveling Yorkshire tradesman:I found him incessantly vomiting, his vision indistinct, his pulse forty in a minute. Upon enquiry, it came out that his wife had stewed a large handful of green foxglove leaves in a half pint of water and given him the liquor which he drank at one draught ... this good woman knew the medicine of her country, but not the dose of it, for the husband narrowly escaped . . .
PATIENTS WITH A CALCULATED VERY LOW LIKELIHOOD OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: J. Maddahi, A. Rozanski, N. Pantaleo, G. Diamond, J. Forrester, A. Waxman, H. J.C. Swan, D. Berman
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

Maddahi, J.; Rozanski, A.; Pantaleo, N.; Diamond, G.; Forrester, J.; Waxman, A.; Swan, H. J.C.; Berman, D. Author Information
TETANUS OCCURRING AFTER SURGICAL OPERATIONS: Is the Infection Introduced by Catgut Ligatures?
Authors: W. G. Richardson
Journal: BMJ (1909)

TETANUS AFTER SURGICAL OPERATIONS.[APRIL I7, 9. faeces leaked out, but the stitches were left in for tbree weeks and the parts cleansed by daily irrigation.Five weeks later she, passed a voluntary stool, in the sitting posture, and daily afterwards, when the leakage became obviously less in three more days.After six weeks she sat up daily, the morphine was much reduced, unknown to her, and less than a week later she volunteered to go without it, and it was then abruptly discontinued.A week later (March 13th) she went home, took her nurse with her, and final healing occurred by the end of that month.Gradual improvement took place, resumption of ordinary diet, carriage exercise, and open-air life in house or garden.Some violent attacks of abdominal distension and con- stipation occurred, -through reckless feeding; but were corrected by enforced fasting and rest in bed.It had to be impressed upon her that owing to the attachment and probable stricture or other deformity of the bowel, she would have to practise great frugality to avoid imminent danger.By Augush, 1908, she was perfectly well, and at Christ- mas she went from home on a visit of several weeks, being in full health and vigour, with firm scars at all the sites of operation; and no impulse in the groins or any trace of hernia, but still a closed vagina.
Stratum corneum permeabilization with photoacoustic waves generated by piezophotonic materials
Authors: Gonçalo F.F. Sá, Carlos Serpa, Luis G. Arnaut
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2013)

Photoacoustic (PA) waves generated by short laser pulses absorbed by piezophotonic materials are shown to permeabilize the stratum corneum to large molecules and proteins. Two minutes of such PA waves at a laser pulse frequency of 20 Hz increase the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) of healthy human skin by a factor of 2.5, and the skin relaxes to normal two minutes later. The intraepidermal delivery of Green Fluorescence Protein (GFP) in minipigs with this method does not lead to observable adverse effects. The distinctive features of the piezophotonic materials are the high light-to-pressure conversion efficiency and the generation of PA waves with the duration of the laser pulses. Such features combine to yield broadband pressure waves with steep pressure gradients that are capable of permeabilizing the stratum corneum.
Effect of Transplantation of Canine Lung on Pulmonary Compliance and Surfactant
Authors: John A. Waldhausen
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Lung transplantation appears to be one potential J approach to the management of such pulmonary diseases as severe emphysema. Present methods, however, do not permit adequate control of the rejection of homografts. In addition, the functional capacity of the autotransplanted lung is not completely understood. Pulmonary hypertension and a decrease in oxygen consumption have been described following reimplantation of the lung in dogs.<sup>1,2</sup>Previous studies report rare survival of dogs with an autotransplanted lung following a contralateral pneumonectomy. Others have emphasized the serious loss of respiratory reflexes following total lung denervation.<sup>3</sup>In contrast, Hardy and his associates<sup>4</sup>state that although an autotransplanted lung may show impaired function early, there occurs "functional recovery of the reimplanted lung and probable regeneration of vagal nerve fibers to this organ." It is now well substantiated that surface forces are important in determining the mechanical behavior of the lung and that the
Platelet glass bead retention is useful in monitoring response to 1‐deamino‐8‐D‐arginine‐vasopressin (d‐DAVP)
Authors: Z. R. Zeigler
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1989)

Abstract Seven patients with a suspected mild bleeding disorder had consistently abnormal glass bead platelet retention. This was the only coagulation abnormality detected in six of these patients; the seventh individual showed evidence of mild von Willebrand disease. Nevertheless, platelets from the six that were studied behaved in a similar fashion in the two‐stage platelet retention assay of McPherson and Zucker. This indicated that their platelets were defective in maintaining repetitive platelet‐platelet interaction in the second phase of this assay but functioned normally in the first phase. Their one‐stage platelet retention defects consistently normalized following the infusion of 1‐deamino‐8‐D‐arginine‐vasopressin (d‐DAVP). The duration of response was variable and easily defined by monitoring this parameter. These findings suggest platelet retention analysis may be useful in identifying mild bleeding disorder patients, who may benefit from d‐DAVP.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK FACTORS AND OCCURRENCE OF VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM: A TIME-DEPENDENT ANALYSIS
Authors: Keattiyoat Wattanakit, Pamela Lutsey, Elizabeth J. Bell, Heather Gornik, Mary Cushman, Susan Heckbert, Wayne Rosamond, Aaron Folsom, HeartCare Midwest
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Human umbilical cord blood myeloid progenitor cells are relatively chemoresistant: A potential model for autologous transplantations in HIV-infected newborns
Authors: Amos Toren, Michal Einat, Ina Fabian, Arnon Nagler
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1997)

Vertical transmission from mother to child occurs in 15-39% of women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Stem cell transplantation has recently been suggested as a potential therapy for patients with HIV infection. We have examined the possible advantages of human cord blood (HUCB) stem cells over bone marrow (BM) stem cells in the treatment of HIV-infected newborns. HUCB myeloid progenitors were found to be statistically more resistant to interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), cytarabine (ARA-C), and eilatin than BM myeloid progenitor cells grown with IL-3 (P < 0.05). HUCB treated with IFN-alpha, ARA-C, and eilatin demonstrated a significantly higher capacity for self-renewal manifested by delta assay following 7 days in liquid culture. We, therefore, suggest that HUCB purged by anti-HIV drugs may be a source for autologous transplantation in HIV-infected newborns.
Molecular basis of hereditary C3 deficiency.
Authors: M Botto, K Y Fong, A K So, A Rudge, M J Walport
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Hereditary deficiency of complement component C3 in a 10-yr-old boy was studied. C3 could not be detected by RIA of serum from the patient. Segregation of C3 S and C3 F allotypes within the family confirmed the presence of a null gene for C3, for which the patient was homozygous. 30 exons have been characterized, spanning the entire beta chain of C3 and the alpha chain as far as the C3d region. Sequence analysis of the exons derived from the C3 null gene showed no abnormalities in the coding sequences. A GT-AT mutation at the 5' donor splice site of the intervening sequence 18 was found in the C3 null gene. Exons 17-21 were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from first-strand cDNA synthesized from mRNA obtained from peripheral blood monocytes stimulated with LPS. This revealed a 61-bp deletion in exon 18, resulting from splicing of a cryptic 5' donor splice site in exon 18 with the normal 3' splice site in exon 19. This deletion leads to a disturbance of the reading frame of the mRNA with a stop codon 17 bp downstream from the abnormal splice in exon 18. His parents had both the normal and abnormal C3 mRNA and were shown to be heterozygous for this mutation by sequence analysis of genomic DNA amplified by PCR. Similar splice mutants have previously been reported in the beta-globin, phenylalanine hydroxylase, and porphobilinogen deaminase genes. This mutation is sufficient to cause the deficiency of C3 in the patient.