tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Total pancreatectomy for chronic pancreatitis.
Authors: I P Linehan, M A Lambert, D C Brown, A B Kurtz, P B Cotton, R C Russell
Journal: Gut (1988)

The operation of total pancreatectomy is performed rarely. Its role in the management of patients with chronic pancreatitis remains to be elucidated. We have reviewed our series of 29 total pancreatectomies for benign disease [14 women median age 39 years; 15 men median age 34 years]. Twelve underwent standard total pancreatectomy, in 17 duodenum preserving total pancreatectomy (DPTP) was performed. There was one death (mortality 3.4%). In no patient was the total pancreatectomy the first operative procedure. The patients were compared with age and sex matched diabetic control subjects selected on a best fit basis from the diabetic clinic database. The aetiology of the pancreatitis was idiopathic nine, pancreas divisum nine, alcohol eight and other causes three. The indication for surgery was pain 27, acute pancreatitis one and cholangitis with pancreatitis one. The complications of the procedures were mainly caused by infection [wound three, chest six and central line sepsis four] and in two there was a leak from the duodenum; no patient required re-operation. The postoperative stay [standard total, median 21 days (range 13-98) DPTP median 31 days (range 17-49)] has lengthened over the period due to greater attention to analgesic, diabetic and enzyme deficiency control before discharge. In standard total pancreatectomy there were five major hypoglycaemic episodes with only two in 17 DPTP patients. The per cent ideal body weight, the insulin requirement and the HbAl compared less well in standard total pancreatectomy group compared with controls than did DPTP. With both groups large doses of enzyme replacement were required, and this proved of importance in diabetic control. Our experience with total pancreatectomy suggests that pain will be improved in over 80% of patients and that the results of surgery will improve with prolonged follow up provided attention is given to analgesic abuse, enzyme deficiency and diabetes.
The Clean Air Act 1956
Authors: R. Heys
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The first moves towards combating the threat to health posed by smoke in Britain’s industrial centres occurred in my home town, Manchester.1 They were driven by high levels of emissions from its many coal powered factories and the coal fires heating the homes of almost three million citizens. A local barrister, Charles Gandy, chairman of the National Smoke Abatement Society, approached the city’s public health committee in 1935 to urge the creation of so called smokeless zones in its environs.

The threat and later onset of war in 1939 delayed consideration of this proposal until 1946. Statistics showing raised death rates from …
Editorial: An anti-intellectual movement in medicine?
Authors: R. H. Moser
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Carotid Intimal-Medial Thickness Is Related to Cardiovascular Risk Factors Measured From Childhood Through Middle Age
Authors: Patricia H. Davis, Jeffrey D. Dawson, Ward A. Riley, Ronald M. Lauer
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Higher carotid intimal-medial thickness (IMT) is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and is predictive of coronary artery disease and stroke in older adults. Carotid IMT was measured in young and middle-aged adults to determine its relationship with risk factors measured (1) in childhood, (2) currently, and (3) as a “load” from childhood to adulthood. Methods and Results Carotid ultrasound studies were performed in 346 men and 379 women aged 33 to 42 years who were representative of a cohort followed since childhood and who live in Muscatine, Iowa. The mean of the measurements of maximal carotid IMT at 12 locations was determined for each subject. A medical questionnaire was completed, and measurements of anthropometric characteristics and risk factors were obtained. The mean maximum carotid IMT was 0.79±0.12 mm for men and 0.72±0.10 mm for women. On the basis of multivariable analysis, the significant current predictors of IMT were age and LDL cholesterol in both sexes and diastolic blood pressure in women. Total cholesterol was a significant childhood predictor in both sexes, while childhood body mass index was significant only in women. For men, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and diastolic blood pressure were predictive of carotid IMT in a risk factor load model, whereas in women, LDL cholesterol, body mass index, and triglycerides were predictive. Conclusions Higher carotid IMT in young and middle-aged adults is associated with childhood and current cardiovascular risk factors, as well as risk factor load.
NT‐proBNP levels and diastolic dysfunction in β‐Thalassaemia major patients
Authors: Dimitrios Th. Kremastinos, Dimitrios P. Tsiapras, Anna G. Kostopoulou, Eftihia S. Hamodraka, Antigoni S. Chaidaroglou, Evangelia D. Kapsali
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2007)
Release abilities of adenosine diphosphate from phospholipid vesicles with different membrane properties and their hemostatic effects as a platelet substitute
Authors: Yosuke Okamura, Shunsuke Katsuno, Hidenori Suzuki, Hitomi Maruyama, Makoto Handa, Yasuo Ikeda, Shinji Takeoka
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2010)
Antiangiogenic Treatment with the Three Thrombospondin-1 Type 1 Repeats Recombinant Protein in an Orthotopic Human Pancreatic Cancer Model
Authors: Xuefeng Zhang, Eric Galardi, Mark Duquette, Marko Delic, Jack Lawler, Sareh Parangi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Purpose: This study investigates the antiangiogenesis and antitumor efficacy of a recombinant protein composed of the three type 1 repeats (3TSR) of thrombospondin-1 in an orthotopic human pancreatic cancer model and provides useful preclinical data for pancreatic cancer treatment. Experimental Design: Human pancreatic cancer cells (AsPC-1) were injected into the pancreas of severe combined immunodeficient mice. The animals were treated with 3TSR (3 mg per kg per day) or PBS for 3 weeks. Subsequently, the effects of 3TSR on tumor growth, microvessel density, cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, and endothelial cell apoptosis were analyzed. The in vitro effects of 3TSR on human pancreatic cancer cells were also studied. Results: 3TSR treatment significantly reduced angiogenesis and tumor growth of orthotopic pancreatic cancer. 3TSR-treated mice had a 69% reduction in tumor volume (316.6 ± 79.3 versus 1,012.2 ± 364.5 mm3; P = 0.0001), and a significant increase in tumor necrotic area. After 3TSR treatment, both the vessel number and average microvessel size were significantly decreased, and microvessel density was decreased from 8.0% to 3.7% (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). The apoptotic rate of tumoral endothelial cells in 3TSR-treated tumors increased to 14.7% comparing to 4.2% in control tumors (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). 3TSR showed no direct effects on pancreatic cancer cell proliferation or apoptosis either in vivo or in vitro. Conclusion: 3TSR, a domain of a natural occurring angiogenesis inhibitor, showed potent therapeutic effect in pancreatic cancer by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and may prove to be a promising agent for clinical pancreatic cancer treatment.
Residency Application Hassle
Authors: S. MITCHELL FREEDMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Comments1 November 1974Residency Application HassleS. MITCHELL FREEDMAN, M.D.S. MITCHELL FREEDMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-81-5-714 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The paper by Ness and Weiler on the internship and residency application hassle (Ann Intern Med81:107-109, 1974) brought to mind an experience I had while applying for internship 3 years ago. I visited a major medical center in a large Southeastern city that divides its internship among three hospitals. I was interviewed by a junior resident at one of the hospitals, and no plans had been made for me to meet anyone else. I was informed that the entire senior staff was downtown at a large hotel at a conference on the problem-oriented medical record. One... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: S. MITCHELL FREEDMAN, M.D.Affiliations: Duke University Medical Center Durham, North Carolina 27706 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1974Volume 81, Issue 5Page: 714-714KeywordsResidency ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1974 PDF downloadLoading ...
Withdrawal of Clonidine
Authors: Thomas L. Whitsett
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Warnings have repeatedly been raised regarding the possibility of rebound hypertension following the abrupt cessation of therapy with clonidine hydrochloride.<sup>1-6</sup>While reports have suggested this as a possibility, they have largely been little more than individual case reports with no pretreatment blood pressure observations for comparison with the values obtained after cessation of clonidine administration. To our knowledge, there have been no studies specifically designed to ascertain the possibility of rebound hypertension. We have designed a study to specifically evaluate the possibility of rebound hypertension in patients who have been receiving clonidine for three days, and then again for four weeks. To date, 12 patients with a mild to moderate degree of essential hypertension have completed the protocol. The blood pressure findings thus far are summarized in the Table. At this point, there has been no evidence of rebound hypertension after abrupt cessation of clonidine use.
Abstract A41: SOX11 transcriptionally regulates a cytokine-based gene signature in lung cancer-associated fibroblasts (LCAF) to promote tumor growth
Authors: Silvestre Vicent, Anna K. Gillespie, Dedeepya Vakaa, Purvesh Khatri, Ron Chen, Olivier Gevaert, Nicole Clarke, Sylvia Plevritis, Atul Butte, Alejandro Sweet-Cordero
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Increasing evidence points to an important role for the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression. However, the role of tumor stroma in the pathogenesis of lung cancer is poorly understood. Desmoplasia is a common pathologic feature of many NSCLC. We noted a similar phenotype in a mouse model of lung cancer driven by expression of oncogenic Kras. Lung cancer-associated fibroblasts (LCAFs) and normal lung fibroblasts (NLFs) from the mouse model of Kras-driven lung cancer were isolated and queried at the functional level using a xenograft model. First, we observed that LCAFs promote tumor growth more favorably than NLFs in vivo when co-injected with mouse tumor cells. Moreover, NLFs passaged in vivo acquire features of LCAFs as indicated by an increased tumor-promoting capacity on mouse and human NSCLC xenografts. In addition, conditioned media from LCAFs stimulated cell proliferation in vitro more significantly than that of NLFs. Expression profiling of NLFs and LCAFs using microarrays uncovered a gene set that includes multiple secreted proteins and genes related to inflammatory processes. Moreover, the SRY-related HMG transcription factor Sox11 was highly up-regulated in LCAFs compared to NLFs. Over-expression and knock-down experiments have confirmed that Sox11 regulates the expression of many of the secreted proteins expressed in LCAFs. The relevance of these findings for human NSCLC is suggested by the observation that the mouse LCAF gene expression signature was predictive of survival in a large cohort of human NSCLC. Besides, Sox11 and several of the secreted proteins expressed in LCAFs, along with their putative receptors, were up-regulated in human NSCLC samples. In conclusion, we have identified a potentially novel regulator of the transition between NLFs and LCAFs and, thus, uncovered a new signaling hub that could be used for therapeutic intervention.
Part 9: Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Robert E. O'Connor, Leo Bossaert, Hans-Richard Arntz, Steven C. Brooks, Deborah Diercks, Gilson Feitosa-Filho, Jerry P. Nolan, Terry L. Vanden Hoek, Darren L. Walters, Aaron Wong, Michelle Welsford, Karen Woolfrey, William J. Brady, Teresa R. Camp-Rogers, Marc J. Claeys, Alan M. Craig, Russell Denman, Judith Finn, Chris Ghaemmaghami, Ian Jacobs, Michael C. Kurz, Dawn Yin Lim, Steve Lin, Venu Menon, Patrick Meybohm, Peter T. Morley, Dirk Mueller, Hiroshi Nonogi, Brian J. O'Neil, Joseph P. Ornato, Julian J. Owen, Valeria Rac, Hiromi Seo, Kimberly A. Skelding, Christian Spaulding, Nico R. Van de Veire, Hiroyuki Yokoyama
Journal: Circulation (2010)
Large-bowel obstruction caused by cancer: a prospective study.
Authors: L P Fielding, S Stewart-Brown, L Blesovsky
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Patients with obstructing large-bowel cancer may be treated by primary tumour resection or the conventional staged tumour resection, and a prospective study comparing these two treatments was carried out. The post-operative outcome in 174 patients (of whom 90 underwent primary and 47 staged tumour resection) showed that the overall mortality was similar in both groups but that the duration of hospital stay in patients who underwent primary tumour resection was half that of those who underwent staged tumour resection. The mortality for primary tumour resection, however, was unexpectedly high for lesions proximal to the splenic flexure and unexpectedly low for lesions distal to this point. Of patients with distal tumours in whom a staged resection was planned, 35% died after a loop colostomy. The most striking result was that the ratio of postoperative death for trainee surgeons compared with fully trained surgeons was 3:1. It is concluded that patients with large-bowel cancer who present with intestinal obstruction should be treated by a fully trained surgeon and that immediate resection of the tumour should be considered for every patient.
Two drugs for type 2 diabetes seem to raise risk of acute pancreatitis, study shows
Authors: D. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2013)

People with type 2 diabetes who take exenatide and sitagliptin have double the risk of hospitalisation for acute pancreatitis as people who use other antidiabetes drugs, a study published in JAMA Internal Medicine concludes, though the absolute risk is still low.1

Both drugs are glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) based treatments and have previously been shown to cause acute pancreatitis in rodents and also to lead to focal proliferation in the exocrine pancreas in mice.

Reports of acute pancreatitis in humans have previously been published, the researchers, from Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, write. But “the strength of this association and causality cannot be inferred from these reports,” they say.

So the lead author, Sonal Singh, assistant professor at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and colleagues, analysed data from seven BlueCross BlueShield health insurance plans in the United States between 1 February 2005 and 31 December 2008.

They identified 1269 people with type 2 diabetes who filled at least one prescription for any drug to treat the disease between 2005 and 2008 and matched them with 1269 people with …
Mice that “conditionally” lack basophils, AT LAST
Authors: Booki Min
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010)

Basophils are the least abundant granulocytes found in the circulation. Until recently, their functions were poorly understood. In the past few years, the list of basophil functions in the context of immunity has dramatically increased. Thus, the need for basophil-deficient animal models to confirm these findings is imperative. In this issue of the JCI, Wada and colleagues introduce the first mouse model in which basophils are conditionally ablated in vivo. Using this model, they then uncover a nonredundant role for basophils in acquired immunity against tick infection.
Mechanisms underlying the development of ventricular fibrillation during early myocardial ischemia.
Authors: S M Pogwizd, P B Corr
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

The mechanisms underlying the development of ventricular fibrillation (VF) during early myocardial ischemia were assessed by use of a computerized three-dimensional mapping system capable of recording simultaneously from 232 intramural recording sites throughout the entire feline heart in vivo. Occlusion of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery led to ventricular tachycardia (VT), which degenerated to VF in 1-5 minutes in four of 15 animals. Normal sinus beats immediately preceding the initiation of VT leading to VF demonstrated delayed activation (total activation time 133 +/- 14 msec), which was not significantly different from the activation time for normal sinus beats immediately preceding nonsustained VT (149 +/- 7 msec). Most of the conduction delay occurred in the subendocardial and midmyocardial regions in both groups. Initiation of VT leading to VF occurred by intramural reentry in three of the four cases. In one case, a mechanism responsible for the initiation of VT could not be assigned. The coupling interval of the initiating beats of VT ultimately leading to VF (210 +/- 15 msec) did not differ from that of nonsustained VT. Maintenance of the VT that led to VF was due primarily to intramural reentry (84% of cases) involving multiple activation sites in and around the border region of the ischemic zone. Nonreentrant mechanisms, arising in the subendocardium and subepicardium, also contributed to the maintenance of VT before development of VT. The transition from VT to VF was due exclusively to intramural reentry with initiation of the reentrant beats in the subendocardium and, occasionally, the subepicardium. Acceleration of the tachycardia by intramural reentry, along with very rapid and inhomogeneous recovery of excitability (as low as 50-60 msec), led to increased functional block and conduction delay. As a result, the total activation time for a given beat exceeded the coupling interval for that beat and led to the multiple reentrant circuits and multiple simultaneous activations characteristic of VF. Thus, the initiation and maintenance of VT leading to VF during early ischemia is due to intramural reentry, although nonreentrant mechanisms also contribute. However, the development of VF is due to continued intramural reentry and rapid recovery of excitability.
Consumption Time Is Not Prothrombin Time
Authors: John A. Udall
Journal: JAMA (1964)

To the Editor:—  Regarding the communication, Spontaneous Intracranial Hematomas in Patients Receiving Anticoagulation Therapy (JAMA187:396 [Feb 8] 1964), Drs. Dooley and Perlmutter comment that The degree of anticoagulation in patients receiving coumarin derivatives is usually evaluated by measuring the  consumption time.  It is unfortunate the authors chose the words, prothrombin consumption time. This misleads the knowledgeable reader to associate the term with the  consumption test, which, of course, has no place in the control of anticoagulation therapy.
Dietary Quality in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Nidhi Bansal, Leona Cuttler, Mary Ann O’Riordan, Michaela B. Koontz
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Recent data demonstrate that youth with type 1 diabetes are not meeting established nutrition guidelines. However, comprehensive assessments of overall dietary quality in these youth are lacking, and it is unclear whether their dietary quality differs from that of their peers without diabetes. Therefore, we assessed comprehensive dietary quality in 50 adolescents with type 1 diabetes (mean age 14.9 ± 1.9 years, 54% male, 80% non-Hispanic white, 65% with household income ≤75,000 USD, diabetes duration 6.2 ± 4.0 years, and HbA1c 8.9 ± 1.5%) and 40 demographically similar adolescents without diabetes (mean age 14.9 ± 1.9 years, 48% male, 85% non-Hispanic white, and 59% with household income ≤75,000 USD) and sought to identify correlates of dietary quality. Individuals with other conditions affecting dietary intake (e.g., celiac disease) were excluded. This study has institutional review board approval. Dietary quality was assessed via U.S. …
INFLAMMATORY AND LIPID MARKERS PRE- AND POST-LDL APHERESIS IN PATIENTS WITH FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA (THE INFLAME STUDY)
Authors: Vimal Ramjee, Monica Epperson, Ngoc-Anh Le, Louette Vaughn, Jefferson Baer, Christine Nell-Dybdahl, Peter Wilson, Laurence Sperling
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Mutations in the SHANK2 synaptic scaffolding gene in autism spectrum disorder and mental retardation
Authors: Simone Berkel, Christian R Marshall, Birgit Weiss, Jennifer Howe, Ralph Roeth, Ute Moog, Volker Endris, Wendy Roberts, Peter Szatmari, Dalila Pinto, Michael Bonin, Angelika Riess, Hartmut Engels, Rolf Sprengel, Stephen W Scherer, Gudrun A Rappold
Journal: Nature Genetics (2010)