tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In vitro nucleoside specific immune response by lymphocytes from systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: C Morimoto, A D Steinberg, S F Schlossman, Y Borel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

The in vitro immune response of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) lymphocytes to nucleosides conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) (A,G,C,T-KLH) was investigated. The nucleosides were chosen not only because they are a part of nucleic acid antigen and involved in autoimmunity, but also because nucleoside covalently bound to either soluble IgG or cells had been shown to induce unresponsiveness in mice. A significant proliferation index was induced in SLE lymphocytes, as compared with normal or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) lymphocytes in vitro [in (A,G,C,T)-KLH, 1 microgram/ml; stimulation index = M +/- SE, SLE 2.10 +/- 0.26, RA 1.06 +/- 0.14, normal 1.12 +/- 0.12 P less than 0.05]. Lymphocytes from SLE patients responded specifically to low doses of (A,G,C,T)-KLH and not to the protein carrier KLH alone. A solid-phase radioimmunoassay was developed to detect nucleoside-specific antibody. SLE lymphocytes spontaneously produced high levels of anti-A,G,C,T antibody. This was further increased by antigenic stimulation, but not with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulation. In contrast normal lymphocytes failed to produce anti-A,G,C,T antibody either spontaneously or in response to antigen. However, normal lymphocytes produced antibody after stimulation with PWM. More importantly, anti-A,G,C,T antibody production by SLE lymphocytes was suppressed by preincubation with A,G,C,T-IgG (A,G,C,T-HGG). The antigen-specific unresponsiveness caused by A,G,C,T-HGG was demonstrated by the observation that preincubation with A,G,C,T-HGG did not affect the production of anti-dinitrophenyl antibody response. The ability to manipulate the altered response of SLE lymphocytes to nucleic acid antigens may have therapeutic implications in these patients.
THE EXTRACTION, DISTRIBUTION AND ACTION OF TESTICULAR HORMONES
Authors: F. C. KOCH
Journal: JAMA (1931)

Although experimental and clinical evidence as to the effects of castration, as well as numerous experimental transplantation studies, conclusively prove that the testes possess one or more endocrine functions, nevertheless the biochemical evidence for the extraction of a postulated hormone from testis tissue was not definitely established until recently. To be sure, numerous claims have been made from time to time, only to be unconfirmed later.  Brown-Sequard 1 is credited with the preparation of the first extract. He prepared crude water extracts from dog and guinea-pig testes and claimed most remarkable effects from the subcutaneous administration of them on himself. He felt much improved in general, with greater capacity for physical and mental work and less need for laxatives. The general impression was that the subcutaneous injection of the product would prove beneficial in the treatment of the aged and of persons with neurasthenia. Later the product was improved 2
IgG antiglobulins in rheumatoid arthritis and other arthritides: relationship with clinical features and other parameters.
Authors: C Allen, C J Elson, D G Scott, P A Bacon, R C Bucknall
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1981)

A radioimmunoassay has been developed for measuring IgG antiglobulins using baboon IgG as antigen. Raised levels were virtually confined to the sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and not found in other seronegative arthritides. High levels were found in both seropositive and seronegative (as judged by latex slide and sheep cell differential agglutination for IgM antiglobulins) patients with RA and were associated with systemic disease but not synovitis. Very high levels (more than twice the upper limit of normal) showed a strong association with vasculitis.
Descriptions of non-pharmacological interventions in clinical trials
Authors: A. Cook, L. Douet, I. Boutron
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Reporting must improve 

Clinical trials are the standard for establishing the relative effectiveness of two interventions.1 Although work is being done to maximise the reporting of trials, thus minimising publication bias,2 other sources of bias lurk within trial reports. In a linked article (doi:10.1136/bmj.f3755), Hoffmann and colleagues report on the description of non-pharmaceutical interventions in published trials and conclude that fewer than 40% were adequately described.3 Because more than 40% of published trials are non-pharmaceutical, this is an important group.4 Furthermore, the findings have improved little over time.5

These are crucial omissions. Without adequate description it is difficult—if not impossible—to repeat the trial, and, more importantly, clinicians do not know how to deliver the tested intervention to their patients. This can have serious consequences for patients’ safety and is part of the growing agenda to reduce waste in clinical research.6

For the results to be interpreted accurately, all arms of a trial must be adequately described. If active interventions are poorly described, descriptions of the control are likely to be even worse. Hoffmann concentrated on the intervention—the “new” procedure.3 Our experience is that the comparator is often …
Causes and Remedies for Drug Misuse and Abuse by Athletes
Authors: Allan J. Ryan
Journal: JAMA (1984)

PERSONS seriously interested in the misuse and abuse of drugs by athletes may see it as primarily a social problem, as a medical problem, as a legal problem, as part of a struggle for control among sports governing bodies, as a potential problem, or as a combination of all of these. The current renewal of the Olympic Games, where it has become a critical issue, has heightened public and professional interest in this subject and resulted in the promulgation of stricter guidelines for the testing and possible disqualification of athletes, but this has not developed solutions that are satisfactory to everyone, or created a consensus as to whether solutions are necessary, or if so, what their nature should be. Drug misuse and abuse are neither new nor unique to this culture. Both are constant with cyclical variations and exacerbations owing to particular circumstances, such as the widespread indulgence in gin
The Chemistry of Atopic Allergens
Authors: John P. McGovern
Journal: JAMA (1971)

This is the first comprehensive review of the chemistry of atopic allergens in the English language. The author has provided a concise, sufficiently detailed, interesting, readable, and useful summary of the enormous literature on the nature of atopic allergens. Of especial interest to this reviewer were the chapters that present recent studies, using modern chemical and physical techniques, on the characterization of allergens from pollens, vegetable dusts and fibers, seeds, epithelial tissues, molds, house dust, various foods, and a variety of miscellaneous substances. Standardization and methods of assay, classification of allergens on the basis of their physicochemical properties, immunochemical cross-reactivity of allergens, synthetic model compounds, functional characteristics of atopic allergens, and the nature of the allergenic determinant are explored and well documented. The author suggests that three separate and distinct functions for allergens be considered: (1) immunologic allergenreagin reactions in the classical sense, (2) intensification reaction by inhibiting specific enzymes,
Pulmonary artery constriction produces a greater right ventricular dynamic afterload than lung microvascular injury in the open chest dog.
Authors: J E Calvin, R W Baer, S A Glantz
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

Investigators model noncardiogenic pulmonary hypertension by constricting the pulmonary artery to increase right ventricular afterload. To investigate this model's validity, we compared the right ventricular afterload, quantified as pulmonary input impedance, created by constricting the pulmonary artery and by inducing a pulmonary microvascular injury (with glass beads infused into the pulmonary circulation). The pulmonary injury constriction produced a different right ventricular afterload than the microvascular injury. The constriction increased both the input resistance and the characteristic impedance. Microvascular injury increased only input resistance. Physiological levels of lung inflation did not influence pulmonary impedance, but lung hyperinflation increased input resistance both before and while constricting the pulmonary artery or after producing microvascular injury. Total right ventricular power output and stroke work were unchanged during each vascular intervention. Pulmonary artery constriction did not affect power output distribution, whereas microvascular injury decreased oscillatory power and its relative contribution to total power. Lung hyperinflation dramatically reduced right ventricular power and left ventricular stroke work. These effects appeared mediated by right ventricular afterload increase uncompensated for by right ventricular preload increase. These observations help explain the hemodynamic consequences of acute pulmonary hypertension and the effects of lung hyperinflation with positive end-expiratory pressure respiration in such patients.
Frequency-dependent effects of calcium antagonists on atrioventricular conduction and refractoriness: demonstration and characterization in anesthetized dogs.
Authors: M Talajic, S Nattel
Journal: Circulation (1986)

Calcium-channel blockers are known to affect slow inward current in a frequency-dependent fashion. The purpose of these experiments was to study use-dependent effects of verapamil, diltiazem, and nifedipine on atrioventricular conduction in vivo. Loading and maintenance infusion techniques were developed to study each drug at a series of stable plasma concentrations in autonomically blocked dogs anesthetized with morphine and alpha-chloralose. All three agents produced changes in atrioventricular conduction and refractoriness that increased with increasing stimulation frequency. The time dependence of drug-induced changes in atrioventricular conduction was characterized both by varying the coupling of single test stimuli and by abruptly changing activation frequency. The time constants for onset of (tau on) and recovery from (tau off) block were typical for each drug, with nifedipine having a faster time constant (tau off = 0.36 +/- 0.12 sec) than verapamil (tau off = 3.2 +/- 1.0 sec, tau on = 28 +/- 8 sec) or diltiazem (tau off = 2.7 +/- 1.2 sec, tau on = 13 +/- 4 sec). The time constants for each drug were independent of concentration but the magnitude of time-dependent change increased with increasing drug concentration. We conclude that calcium-channel blockers have important frequency-dependent effects on atrioventricular conduction in vivo. This frequency dependence may result in selective depression of atrioventricular conduction in the presence of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, with important potential implications for the clinical use of these agents.
Positive Coping Up- and Down-Regulates in vitro Cytokine Productions from T Cells Dependent on Stress Levels
Authors: Shotaro Sakami, Masaharu Maeda, Takayuki Maruoka, Akinori Nakata, Gen Komaki, Noriyuki Kawamura
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2004)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; Specific coping styles have been shown to modulate stress-induced immune alterations and influence actual health outcomes. This study examined the effects of stressors and coping styles on human T-cell subpopulations and in vitro cytokine production using a cross-sectional design. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Seventy-one men (18–60 years old) were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire that evaluates quantitative workload, mental demand and coping styles. The numbers of T-cell subpopulations and concentrations of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) after stimulation with phytohemaglutinin were measured. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Positive and negative coping were negatively related to IL-4 and the number of CD4+ cells, respectively. Interactions between positive coping and mental demand significantly affected the number of CD8+ cells, IFN-γ, IL-4 and the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio. Among men reporting high mental demand, positive coping was related to increased IFN-γ and IFN-γ/IL-4. Among men reporting low mental demand, positive coping was related to a decreased number of CD8+ cells and lower concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-4. Analyses adjusting for the numbers of CD3+ and CD8+ cells revealed that the interactive effects of positive coping and mental demand on cytokine levels were attributable to the changes in T-cell function rather than the number of T cells. No modulating effect of anxiety on the associations of stressors and coping with immune function was observed. Depressive symptoms slightly, though not significantly, modulated the association of negative coping and the number of CD4+ cells. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; From the perspective of immunology, optimal stress characteristics were determined by an individual’s coping styles, with positive coping being associated with stress-induced changes in the number of CD8+ cells and in vitro cytokine production from T cells. Our findings suggest that it is important to consider the interactive effects of the complexity of work and the individual coping style in stress management.
Communicative Disorders: A Multidisciplinary Problem
Authors: Frank J. Falck
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Physicians with increasing frequency are being called on to provide advice and guidance to persons with disorders of communication (speech, hearing, and language problems). Referral that is appropriate in time and place can be made if there is understanding of the type of services available in facilities organized to handle these problems. Early referral to a speech and hearing center is indicated for cases of stuttering, children with delayed speech, articulation disorders, and language problems. For the individual with a medically noncorrectible hearing loss, audiological rehabilitation techniques (auditory training, lip reading, hearing aids, counseling) can do much to minimize the handicap. Since disorders of communication strike from infancy through old age, the entire medical profession shares the responsibility for providing proper direction in these too often handicapping disorders.
Phosphorylated c-Src predicts clinical outcome in triple negative breast cancers.
Authors: B Elsberger, SM Tovey, BA Tan, SB Brown, VG Brunton, EA Mallon, TG Cooke, J Edwards
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #2076 Background: Recent in vitro evidence suggests that c-Src inhibitors may be effective in inhibiting growth of basal-type/"triple-negative" cell lines. However there is little evidence to support this in clinical specimens. Development of treatment for women with these aggressive ER, PR and HER2 negative cancers is particularly important with the lack of current effective therapies. Activation of Src family members are associated with phosphorylation at two sites Y419: the classical activation site and Y215, known to induce a 50-fold increase in activation.&amp;#x2028; The aim of the current study is to assess if expression levels and/or activation of Src kinase is associated with clinical outcome measures in ER and HER2 negative human breast cancers.&amp;#x2028; Methods: Tissue microarrays consisting of 172 ER and HER2 negative breast cancer tumors were constructed. Median clinical follow up was 5.9 years with 64 deaths attributed to breast cancer. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies to c-Src, pSrc419 and pSrc215 (antibodies to Y419 and Y215 will detect phosphorylation of c-Src and other family members). Expression was assessed by two independent scorers. All statistical calculations were performed using SPSS 15, including Kaplan-Meier life table analysis with log rank testing of differences in breast cancer related survival.&amp;#x2028; Results: Membrane expression of c-Src, pSrc419 and pSrc215 was rarely observed and was not associated with outcome. However cytoplasmic expression was frequently observed. There was a trend towards reduced survival seen with c-Src and pSrc419 overexpression. In direct contrast pSrc215 was significantly associated with increased disease specific survival and was independent on multivariate analysis.&amp;#x2028; We then hypothesised that activation of c-Src via Y419 but not Y215 was driving the observed association with outcome. Indeed c-Src positive, pSrc419 positive and pSrc215 negative patients have a 25% 5yr survival rate, in comparison all other patients in the cohort had a 72% 5yr survival rate.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Discussion: These results support the in vitro studies suggesting Src family members are associated with progression of triple negative breast cancers. If confirmed in a larger cohort, these results suggest that Src family members may offer a therapeutic target for triple negative cancers. However care must be taken to appropriately select patients with phosphorylation only at Y419 and not Y215. The reason why Y215 phosphorylation is associated with improved outcome requires further investigation. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2076.
Long-term Safety and Efficacy of Single-tablet Combinations of Solifenacin and Tamsulosin Oral Controlled Absorption System in Men with Storage and Voiding Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: Results from the NEPTUNE Study and NEPTUNE II Open-label Extension
Authors: Marcus J. Drake, Christopher Chapple, Roman Sokol, Matthias Oelke, Klaudia Traudtner, Monique Klaver, Ted Drogendijk, Philip Van Kerrebroeck
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Cardiac Neurosis and Psychopathology
Authors: Sandra Conti, Gianni Savron, Giovanna Bartolucci, Silvana Grandi, Carlo Magelli, Franco Semprini, Francesco M. Saviotti, Giancarlo Trombini, Giovanni A. Fava, Bruno Magnani
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1989)

Psychiatric illness according to DSM-III-R criteria was investigated in 54 consecutive patients suffering from cardiac neurosis (neurocirculatory asthenia or Da Costa's syndrome). Thirty-seven of the 54 patients (68.5%) were found to suffer from a psychiatric disorder. Generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia and panic disorder accounted for most of the diagnoses. Panic disorder was frequently preceded by (and associated with) generalized anxiety, phobic avoidance and hypochondriasis. The results should alert the physician to inquire for symptoms of an anxiety disorder when a patient presents with cardiac neurosis.
What the General Practitioner Needs.
Authors: J. E. McDonald
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Man, W. Va., Aug. 1, 1902. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Progress is the ever restless, unsatisfied, aggressive law of human wisdom and experience, and the march of this unsatiated human intellect, in every direction, is ever onward and upward, and will be so to the end of time. So long as knowledge increases, opportunity is multiplied and with it, additional motives, to ambitious incentive, drive the wheels of effort and energy in all the fields of scientific enterprise. Thus we find the standard of excellence of to-day placed up on a higher elevation to-morrow, such progression continuing unceasingly, ever seeking but never reaching the greatest heights, which lie in the limitless beyond. What a stupendous thought is this—No limit to human attainment! Yet the country practitioner gathers very little from the modern medical journal and many of the text-books of new authors from the fact its discussions deal almost exclusively with
Prevalence of nasal symptoms and their relation to self-reported asthma and chronic bronchitis/emphysema
Authors: P. Montnémery, C. Svensson, E. Ädelroth, C-G. Löfdahl, M. Andersson, L. Greiff, C.G.A. Persson
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

Little information is available on associations between rhinitis and chronic bronchitis/emphysema (CBE). Self-reported upper airway symptoms, asthma, and CBE were examined in 12,079 adults living in southern Sweden. The response rate was 70% (n=8,469), of whom 33% reported significant nasal symptoms: a blocked nose was reported by 21%; sneezing by 18%; nasal discharge by 17%; and thick yellow nasal discharge by 5.7%. Nasal symptoms and combined nasal and self-reported bronchial disease were generally more common among smokers than nonsmokers. There was little overlap between asthma and CBE, but 46% of those with asthma and 40% of those with CBE had significant nasal symptoms. Best predicting factors (odds ratios &gt;3) for asthma and CBE were nasal symptoms due to exposure to animals and damp/cold air, respectively. One-third of an adult, southern Swedish population, had significant allergic and/or nonallergic nasal symptoms. Nasal symptoms were frequently found to coexist with both asthma and chronic bronchitis/emphysema, suggesting that pan-airway engagement is common in both diseases. Differing associations between types of nasal symptoms and allergic and irritant triggers of nasal symptoms, with regard to asthma and chronic bronchitis/emphysema, emphasize the different natures of these bronchial diseases.
Prospective observations in patients with chronic bundle branch block and marked H-V prolongation.
Authors: R C Dhingra, P Denes, D Wu, C R Wyndham, F Amat-y-Leon, W D Towne, K M Rosen
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Eighteen of 388 patients with chronic bundle branch block, studied electrophysiologically and followed prospectively, had H-V intervals of 80 msec or greater. Five patients were functional class I, five class II, seven class III, and one class IV. Follow-up ranged from 103 to 1919 days (mean 711 +/- 118). Three patients needed permanent pacing for the following indications: sino-atrial block, sinus bradycardia post-cardiac surgery, and 2 degrees block distal to the His bundle. Six patients died, three suddenly, and three nonsudden. The five initially asymptomatic patients are alive and without pacemakers (mean follow-up 732 +/- 139 days). Although marked H-V prolongation was associated with high morbidity and mortality in this small series, this was only in patients with symptomatic heart disease. Asymptomatic patients (five patients) had a benign clinical course. Prophylactic pacing would probably not modify clinical course in the former group, and is probably not indicated in the latter group. Longer follow-up will be needed for definitive prognostication.
Health and Obesity
Authors: Richard L. Atkinson
Journal: JAMA (1983)

This slim volume is based on a symposium on health and obesity and presents an up-to-date review of several topics in clinical obesity. The symposium participants are well-known experts in the field and the book will be useful for physicians, house staff, and paramedical personnel interested in obesity. Little new data are presented, but most of the chapters have extensive reference lists that may be useful as a reference source for investigators in the field of obesity. Because of the nature of symposia, some aspects of the field of obesity are not adequately covered, and some of the chapters lack sufficient depth to be useful to investigators in obesity. For example, there is only one paragraph on exercise for the treatment of obesity, although several authors mention its importance.  In general, the book is well written with few typographical errors, although the reference list in the chapter by Bray on