tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
If people with shared interests do not organise they risk being excluded from decision making
Authors: K McKenzie
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has the highest prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Nevertheless, very few studies have directly examined the development of and risk factors for CVD among Africans. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine CVD risk factors and outcomes particularly in the early stage of CVD development among adults in Ghana. <h3>Methods</h3> Using a stratified multistage random sampling method, 1,106 participants were recruited as a nationally representative sample of the general population ≥18 years in Ghana from 2016 to 2017. For each participant, we measured CVD risk factors and preclinical target organ damage (TOD) for CVD development. <h3>Results</h3> The prevalence of CVD risk factors was 21.1% for obesity, 10.8% for diabetes, 55.4% for hypertension, 37.3% for dyslipidemia, 12.8% for hyperuricemia, and 39.3% for hsCRP&gt;3 mg/L in the recruited population. The prevalence of preclinical TOD was 8.6% for peripheral artery disease (PAD), 14.7% for carotid thickening, 5.9% for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and 4.4% for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Three CVD risk factors appeared to play most prominent roles in TOD development, including obesity for PAD (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.13–3.09), hypertension for carotid thickening (OR 1.57, 95% CI 0.99–2.54) and LVH (OR 6.25, 95% CI 2.98–14.50), and hyperuricemia for CKD (OR 5.56, 95% CI 2.79–11.15). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The prevalence of CVD risk factors and early outcomes have reached epidemic proportions among Ghanaian adults. The distinct patterns of risk factors in the development of TOD presents important challenges and opportunities for interventions to improve cardiometabolic health among adults in Ghana.
Collagen degradation in cultured keloid and hypertrophic scar tissue
Authors: J.P. MILSOM, R.D.P. CRAIG
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

Journal Article Collagen degradation in cultured keloid and hypertrophic scar tissue Get access J.P. MILSOM, J.P. MILSOM Departtnents of Medicine and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of South Manchester, Nell Lane, Manchester M20 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.D.P. CRAIG R.D.P. CRAIG Departtnents of Medicine and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of South Manchester, Nell Lane, Manchester M20 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 89, Issue 6, 1 December 1973, Pages 635–644, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1973.tb07591.x Published: 01 December 1973 Article history Accepted: 10 May 1973 Published: 01 December 1973
Abstract 2810: Physical activity and colorectal adenomatous polyps: The Minnesota cancer prevention research unit case-control study
Authors: Huakang Tu, Roberd M. Bostick
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Although it is well established that greater physical activity is associated with lower risk of colorectal cancer, there have been few studies of its association with adenomatous polyps, precursors of colorectal cancer. Methods: The 1991-1994 Minnesota Cancer Prevention Research Unit case-control study of 566 colonoscopy-positive adenomatous polyp cases, 687 colonoscopy-negative controls, and 535 community controls investigated the association of physical activity with risk of incident, sporadic colorectal adenomatous polyps. Daily hours of moderate and vigorous physical activity were elicited by a standardized questionnaire and metabolic equivalent (MET) hours were calculated. Results: The age- and sex-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for adenomas comparing the highest to the lowest quartile of MET hours were 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73, 1.44) using colonoscopy-negative controls, and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.69, 1.34) using community controls; after multivariate-adjustment the corresponding ORs were 1.11 (95% CI: 0.77, 1.60) and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.70, 1.43). Analyses stratified by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use excluding aspirin, adenoma size, and adenoma location did not any yield statistically significant results. Conclusions: Taken together with the strong, consistent inverse associations of physical activity with colorectal cancer, our null results suggest the possibility that physical activity may be more related to risk for transitioning from colorectal adenoma to carcinoma than to adenoma genesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2810.
PUBLIC HEALTH ADMINISTRATION IN CITIES OF FROM TWENTY THOUSAND TO ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND
Authors: M. FURSTMAN
Journal: JAMA (1918)

From the title of this paper you will undoubtedly realize that it is quite difficult to lay out a plan of health work that will be suitable for all. The question thus arises, why should this task be difficult? Should not health work be the same in a city of 20,000 as it is in a city of 100,000 or more, only somewhat modified to meet local conditions? You have undoubtedly tried to compare the work of various health departments from annual reports issued by them and found it next to impossible to do so. The greatest single need is probably standardization. In other words, there appears to be no standard of measurement. The public health official realizes that such standardization will promote a unification of thought and action, which will make it possible for him to devise ways and means of fairly competing in the field of public health
Sins of Omission — Cancer Research without Informed Consent
Authors: Barron H. Lerner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Avir Kagan was an attending physician at Brooklyn's Jewish Chronic Disease Hospital (JCDH) in 1963, when he received a surprising request: Would he participate in an experiment in which live cancer cells were injected into chronically ill patients? Although Kagan said no, some of his colleagues agreed. By 1964, an enormous controversy had erupted, and the hospital's staff was being compared to Nazi physicians who had performed brutal experiments in concentration camps.How did it happen that 22 patients received injections of cancer cells without their knowledge? On the 40th anniversary of this scandal, what can it teach us about . . .
Trastuzumab for treatment of refractory/relapsed HER2-positive adult B-ALL: results of a phase 2 GRAALL study
Authors: Patrice Chevallier, Nelly Robillard, Aude Charbonnier, Emmanuel Raffoux, Sebastien Maury, Sylvain Carras, Cecile Chabrot, Cecile Fohrer, Marc Bernard, Jean-Sebastien Blade, Anne Etienne, Pascaline Talmant, Jacques Delaunay, Thierry Guillaume, Mohamad Mohty, Marie-Christine Bene, Norbert Ifrah, Herve Dombret
Journal: Blood (2012)
Behavioral science in diabetes. Contributions and opportunities.
Authors: R E Glasgow, E B Fisher, B J Anderson, A LaGreca, D Marrero, S B Johnson, R R Rubin, D J Cox
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current status of behavioral research and practice in diabetes and to identify promising future directions. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We review behavioral science contributions to diabetes in self-management and patient empowerment, interventions with children and adolescents, and special problems including blood glucose awareness training and complications such as depression. We also identify emerging areas in which behavioral science stands to make significant contributions, including quality of life, worksite and community programs, interventions using new information technologies, and translation research evaluating practical programs in representative settings. We then discuss the gap between the generally encouraging research on behavioral contributions to diabetes and the infrequent incorporation of such contributions in practice. Suggestions are made for how to close this gap, including ways to increase understanding of behavioral issues, opportunities for funding of key research and implementation questions, and how behavioral science principles can become more integrated into diabetes organizations and care. CONCLUSIONS: Changes are required on the part of behavioral scientists in how they organize and present their research and on the part of potential users of this knowledge, including other health professions, organizations, and funding agencies. Integrating behavioral science advances with other promising genetic, medical, nutritional, technology, health care, and policy opportunities promises not only to broaden our understanding of diabetes but also to improve patient care, quality of life, and public health for persons with diabetes.
Abstract 2836: Rapamycin prolongs overall survival and progression-free survival in a mouse model of lung cancer in never smokers resistant to erlotinib
Authors: Shigeru Kawabata, Jose Mercado, M. Christine Hollander, Willie Wilson, Lucia Regales, William Pao, Pasi A. Janne, Kwok-Kin Wong, Phillip A. Dennis
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Lung cancer in never smokers accounts for approximately 25,000 cases/yr in the US, and is characterized by distinct molecular alterations such as mutations in EGFR. Despite initial responses to EGFR inhibitors such as erlotinib, tumors invariably recur with selection of tumor cells that have mutations in EGFR that confer resistance. Previously we showed that rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR, could inhibit tobacco carcinogen-induced lung tumorigenesis. Here, we used an inducible, genetically engineered mouse model of lung cancer in never smokers resistant to erlotinib (CC10-rtTA, EGFRL858R/T790M) to test whether rapamycin could prevent lung tumorigenesis. Prior to detection of tumors, mTOR was activated in lung tissues by the mutant EGFR transgene. When given to achieve trough drug levels achievable in humans, rapamycin decreased tumor incidence by 52% compared to vehicle at 8 wk, as assessed by microCT. Rapamycin increased overall survival by more than 3 fold (HR=0.075, p&amp;lt;0.0001), which was dependent upon continued rapamycin treatment. To extend these studies, we treated mice with a new irreversible EGFR TKI, WZ4002, and randomised them to consolidation treatment with rapamycin or vehicle. Mice treated with rapamycin had increased progression-free survival and overall survival (p = 0.014 and 0.0007, respectively). Tumors from mice that progressed on rapamycin continued to show inhibition of mTOR, with no evidence of feedback activation of Akt. In a series of 7 resected human NSCLC specimens with T790M mutations, 7/7 displayed increased mTOR activation, highlighting the potential clinical application of rapamycin as a chemopreventive agent in EGFR-driven lung cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2836. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2836
Peroxiredoxin family proteins are key initiators of post-ischemic inflammation in the brain
Authors: Takashi Shichita, Eiichi Hasegawa, Akihiro Kimura, Rimpei Morita, Ryota Sakaguchi, Ichiro Takada, Takashi Sekiya, Hiroaki Ooboshi, Takanari Kitazono, Toru Yanagawa, Tetsuro Ishii, Hideo Takahashi, Shuji Mori, Masahiro Nishibori, Kazumichi Kuroda, Shizuo Akira, Kensuke Miyake, Akihiko Yoshimura
Journal: Nature Medicine (2012)
Lecithin: Cholesterol Acyltransferase Expression Has Minimal Effects on Macrophage Reverse Cholesterol Transport In Vivo
Authors: Hiroyuki Tanigawa, Jeffrey T. Billheimer, Jun-ichiro Tohyama, Ilia V. Fuki, Dominic S. Ng, George H. Rothblat, Daniel J. Rader
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) catalyzes the formation of plasma cholesteryl ester, plays a key role in high-density lipoprotein metabolism, and has been believed to be critical in the process of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT).The role of LCAT in RCT from macrophages was quantified with a validated assay involving intraperitoneal injection in mice of (3)H-cholesterol-labeled J774 macrophages and monitoring the appearance of tracer in plasma, liver, bile, and feces. Human LCAT overexpression in human apolipoprotein A-I transgenic mice substantially increased plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels but surprisingly did not increase macrophage RCT. Even in the setting of coexpression of scavenger receptor BI or cholesteryl ester transfer protein, both of which promoted the transfer of LCAT-derived high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ester to the liver, LCAT overexpression still had no effect on RCT. Serum from LCAT-overexpressing mice had reduced ability to promote cholesterol efflux from macrophages ex vivo via ABCA1. To determine the effect of LCAT deficiency on macrophage RCT, LCAT(-/-) and LCAT(+/-) mice were compared with wild-type mice. Despite extremely low plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LCAT-deficient mice had only a 50% reduction in RCT. LCAT(+/-) mice had normal RCT despite a significant reduction in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Serum from LCAT-deficient mice had increased ability to promote ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages ex vivo.These results demonstrate that LCAT overexpression does not promote an increased rate of macrophage RCT. Although LCAT activity does become rate limiting in the context of complete LCAT deficiency, RCT is reduced by only 50% even in the absence of LCAT. These data suggest that macrophage RCT may not be as dependent on LCAT activity as has previously been believed.
Does awareness of rates of obstetric interventions change practice?
Authors: P Buekens, M Boutsen, F Kittel, P Vandenbussche, M Dramaix
Journal: BMJ (1993)

atenolol, but in an observational study we cannot discount the possibility of confounding factors.Our model adjusted for the most obvious of these (age and smoking), but there may be other unidentified factors.The strength of experimental studies is that random- isation removes selection bias.In the Medical Research Council's trial the relative risk of dying from cancer for men receiving atenolol was 1 9 compared with placebo (1-2 to 2 8) and 1-4 (0 9 to 2 2) compared with diuretic.In our study the 95% confidence intervals of the relative risks for all cancers and for lung cancer excluded a twofold excess risk from atenolol.We cannot exclude risks lower than this.
Low Renin in Experimental Hypertension
Authors: DAVID B. GORDON
Journal: Circulation Research (1973)

reported their observations on kidney and plasma renin activity in two strains of rats with opposite predispositions to hypertension.They showed that, in various circumstances, the rats which were susceptible to hypertension had plasma and kidney renin activities significantly lower than those in the rats of the hypertension-resistant strain.I would like to call attention to a publication in which I predicted that such a relationship would be found.In the article entitled "Renin and Hypertension" (Lancet 2:320-323, 1966) I wrote, "Another very interesting observation has been made by Dahl et al 30 .They found that by proper selection, rats can be inbred so that a strain very sensitive to the hypertensionpromoting effects of dietary salt is developed; and another strain that is highly resistant can also be produced.I would predict that these two strains, if examined, might be found to differ in the renin content of their kidneys, the sensitive strain having less and the resistant strain having more renin than normal."I would like to restate the hypothesis on which that prediction was based.The hypothesis is that low renin, itself, may be a cause of hypertension.This statement refers both to kidney renin and plasma renin.Since it is well known that renin raises blood pressure, the hypothesis seems contrary to a priori expectations.Purely as a speculative suggestion I propose that there may be, in addition to the usual angiotensin-releasing form of renin, a second form of renin which exerts a contrary action, i.e., tends to lower blood pressure, but which, by current assay procedures, is measured simply as renin.If two such varieties of renin do exist, then a lack of the latter as well as an excess of the former could conceivably raise blood pressure.There is some evidence to support this possibility.Grollman (In Experimental Hypertension, vol. 3. New York, NY Acad Sci 1946, p 106) has reported that extracts of quick-frozen lyophilized kidney tissue do not exert a pressor effect.Skeggs et al.(In Hypertension
Endogenous biosynthesis of prostacyclin during cardiac catheterization and angiography in man.
Authors: L Roy, H R Knapp, R M Robertson, G A FitzGerald
Journal: Circulation (1985)

The potent platelet inhibitory and vasodilator properties of prostacyclin suggest that levels of this substance may be of relevance to drug action and pathologic processes in the coronary vascular bed. Attempts to estimate the coronary secretion rate of prostacyclin have relied on measurements of metabolites obtained via cardiac catheter, usually as an adjunct to coronary angiography. To test the hypothesis that such procedures might themselves perturb endogenous biosynthesis of prostacyclin we used mass spectrometry to measure plasma levels of 6-keto-prostaglandin (PG) F1 alpha across the coronary vascular bed, as well as to assess the excretion of a major urinary metabolite, 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha (PGI-M), in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. PGI-M excretion increased variably from a median 100 to 205 pg/mg creatinine (p less than .01) during catheterization with angiography and remained elevated 2 to 4 hr after initiation of the procedure. However, cardiac catheterization without angiography also stimulated metabolite excretion, perhaps reflecting catheter-induced vascular trauma. The direct effect of radiocontrast media on vascular release of prostacyclin was indicated by increased PGI-M excretion in healthy volunteers administered intravenous radiocontrast and by studies of the canine coronary artery and jugular vein in vitro. Measurement of plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha after left heart catheterization showed that levels in aortic (21 +/- 8 pg/ml) and coronary sinus (14 +/- 2 pg/ml) blood were increased compared with peripheral venous levels (less than or equal to 4 + 1 pg/ml) determined before this procedure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Airway epithelial gene expression in the diagnostic evaluation of smokers with suspect lung cancer
Authors: Avrum Spira, Jennifer E Beane, Vishal Shah, Katrina Steiling, Gang Liu, Frank Schembri, Sean Gilman, Yves-Martine Dumas, Paul Calner, Paola Sebastiani, Sriram Sridhar, John Beamis, Carla Lamb, Timothy Anderson, Norman Gerry, Joseph Keane, Marc E Lenburg, Jerome S Brody
Journal: Nature Medicine (2007)
A CASE OF MALIGNANT THYMOMA
Authors: M. Leslie, W. S. Bell
Journal: BMJ (1932)

TEBRJjTrgffwas traced in this manner described in the literature, and the result is reported to be excellent.One case was treated purely by protection from weightbearing for eighteen months.There was an excellent clinical and functional result (the best of this type), in spite of a definite coxa vara as shown by the radiograph.CONCLUSIONS 1.That two types of " slipped epiphysis " can be distinguished, differing in aetiology, pathological anatomy, anid treatment.2. That trauma is an aetiological factor, but that in the." gradual-slip " type some other factor must be present.3. That evidence of softening of bone, widening of the epiphyseal line, and increased load upon the bone was sought for and, while found in a few cases, was not present in the majority.4. That some other factor, not yet demonstrated, must be present.5. That the pathological anatomy of the condition pre- ceding the actual slip is obscure.6.That gentleness of manipulation and prolonged pro- tection from weight-bearing are essential features in the treatment.7. That prolonged extension on a frame appears to be the most suitable form of " manipulation " in the gradualslip type.My thanks are due to Mr. T. P.
Abstract 214: Androgen resistance in prostate cancer is associated with an enrichment of stem-like cells
Authors: Lisa Y. Wu, Nitu Bansal, Tiancheng Liu, Clifford E. Berkman, Joseph R. Bertino
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Cancer Stem cells (CSCs) or tumor initiating cells (TICs) have recently been identified in solid tumors; however, the role of CSCs/TICs in metastasis remains poorly understood. In this study, we developed a pre-clinical model to study stem-like cells in prostate cancer metastasis. CS-5 and CS-10 cells were derived by growing parental LNCaP cells in androgen-depleted media for five and ten generations. The growth rate of CS-10 cells was similar to parenteral LNCaP cells while CS-5 cell growth was diminished. Interestingly, CS10 cells were the sole cells observed with CD44 expression, which also had the highest α2β1 expression. In addition, none of the cell lines expressed CD133. In contrast to parenteral LNCaP cells, CD44+ CS-10 cells displayed an increase in 5 min collagen-I attachment, cell migration, invasion, colony formation and sphere formation in an anchorage-independent environment, all attributes of TICs. Additional evidence for “stemness” was that CS-10 cells were capable of self-renewal in the secondary and tertiary spheroid assays. CS-10 cells expressed neuroendocrine and EMT markers and demonstrated resistance to anti-androgen drugs and most chemotherapeutic drugs compared to parenteral LNCaP cells. In summary, the novel findings presented here provide evidence that castrate resistance may result in selection of CD44+/ α2β1+/CD24low/CD133 cells, which possesses stem cell properties. This cell line may serve as a model for evaluation of new targeted treatments in prostate CSCs. Citation Format: Lisa Y. Wu, Nitu Bansal, Tiancheng Liu, Clifford E. Berkman, Joseph R. Bertino. Androgen resistance in prostate cancer is associated with an enrichment of stem-like cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 214. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-214
Hereditary disorders of red cell enzymes in the embden‐meyerhof pathway
Authors: Shiro Miwa
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

Abstract Recent advances about hereditary disorders of red cell enzymes in the Embden‐Meyerhof glycolytic pathway and Rapoport‐Luebering cycle are discussed with a stress on pyruvate kinase deficiency, because it is the most common and most intensively studied disorder among them. Broad genetic heterogeneity exists in all the known erythroenzymopathies. Recently, the primary structure of normal human red cell phosphoglycerate kinase has been determined and single amino acid substitutions of four mutant phosphoglycerate kinases have been clarified by Yoshida et al. These studies allowed analysis of structure‐function relationships at the molecular level to be carried out more precisely than was previously possible. It is the consensus of the investigators working in this field that the pathogenesis in three‐quarters of the congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia patients remains unknown even after adequate red cell enzyme studies and isopropanol test for unstable hemoglobin have been done. This simply means that much studies remain to be worked out in this field.