tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Death-Scene Investigation in Sudden Infant Death
Authors: Millard Bass, Richard E. Kravath, Leonard Glass
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Abstract We conducted death-scene investigations in 26 consecutive cases in which a presumptive diagnosis of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) was made and the infants were brought to the emergency room of the Kings County Hospital Center between October 1983 and January 1985. In six cases, we observed strong circumstantial evidence of accidental death. In 18 other cases, we discovered various possible causes of death other than SIDS, including accidental asphyxiation by an object in the crib or bassinet, smothering by overlying while sharing a bed, hyperthermia, and shaken baby syndrome. This study suggests that many sudden deaths of infants have a definable cause that can be revealed by careful investigation of the death scene and that the extremely high rate of SIDS (4.2 per 1000 live births) reported in the population of low socioeconomic status served by Kings County Hospital Center should be questioned. (N Engl J Med 1986; 315:100–5.)
New Stars in the Sky of Treatment for Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Martine J. Piccart-Gebhart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Since Sir George Beatson observed in 1896 that breast tumors in premenopausal women sometimes regressed after oophorectomy,1 numerous investigations have established that estrogen stimulates the growth of breast-cancer cells. Three newer strategies reduce the growth-stimulating signals of estrogen: interfering with the binding of estrogen to its receptor, the primary mode of action of the antiestrogen agent tamoxifen in premenopausal and postmenopausal women; decreasing the estrogen levels in the blood and the tumor, the mechanism of action of aromatase inhibitors in postmenopausal women; and destroying the estrogen receptor, which is how the drug fulvestrant exerts its antitumor activity.During the course . . .
Body Weight and Longevity-Reply
Authors: JoAnn E. Manson
Journal: JAMA (1987)

In Reply.—  We are grateful to Drs Beasley and Ernsberger for their comments.  Dr Beasley suggests that physical activity, social status, and diet should also be examined as confounding variables in the assessment of body weight and longevity. We did note in our report that improved understanding of the extent to which nutrition and physical activity influence, or mediate, the relationship observed between obesity and mortality is important. We believe, however, that there is a distinction between the nature of these variables and the methodological biases that we emphasized. These variables are not clear and distinct confounders of the weightmortality relationship in the same sense as cigarette smoking. Rather, they have complex interrelationships with body weight, and the causal pathways are unclear. For example, physical inactivity is both a cause and a consequence of obesity, and part of the benefit of exercise may be to control weight. Social status is
Different capabilities of monocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis to induce glycosylation alterations of acute phase proteins in vitro.
Authors: A Mackiewicz, M Sobieska, M Kapciñska, S.H Mackiewicz, K.E Wiktorowicz, T Pawłowski
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

The effect of conditioned medium on the biosynthesis and glycosylation profile of acute phase proteins secreted by the human hepatoma cell line Hep G2 was studied. Conditioned medium was prepared from nonactivated [CM-LPS(-)] and ex vivo lipopolysaccharide activated [CM-LPS(+)] monocytes from eight patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA), five patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and seven healthy subjects. The biosynthesis of albumin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and the profile of glycosylation of proteinase inhibitor were analysed. CM-LPS(-) from patients with SLE had a similar effect to CM-LPS(-) from healthy subjects. In contrast, CM-LPS(-) from patients with RA had the same effect as CM-LPS(+) from healthy donors. A similar effect to that of CM-LPS(+) of healthy subjects was seen with CM-LPS(+) from patients with SLE and with CM-LPS(+) from patients with RA. The treatment of CM-LPS(+) with antibodies against interleukin 6 neutralised most of its ability to induce changes in the biosynthesis and glycosylation of acute phase proteins. Antibodies to interleukin 1 and tumour necrosis factor alpha had only a limited effect on the ability of CM-LPS(+) to induce changes of albumin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin syntheses, whereas they had no effect on the biosynthesis and glycosylation of proteinase inhibitor. These results indicate that: (a) monocytes isolated from patients with active SLE and active RA have different capabilities of inducing alterations of acute phase proteins in vitro; (b) ex vivo activation of monocytes from patients with SLE leads to the full induction of its capabilities to change acute phase proteins, whereas the activation of monocytes from patients with RA has no additive effects; and (c) interleukin 6 seems to be a major cytokine involved in the regulation of the glycosylation pattern of acute phase proteins.
Transdermal Nicotine: Clarifications, Side Effects, and Funding
Authors: J. P. Ottervanger
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In a recent article, clinical guidelines for effective use of the nicotine patch in the treatment of tobacco dependence were reviewed.<sup>1</sup>It was concluded that nicotine patches are an effective aid to tobacco-dependence treatment, and that use of the patches has achieved great popularity. Furthermore, it was stated that patches produce a more steady serum level of nicotine, compared with nicotine gum, and thus avoid the peaks in nicotine level seen with gum. The side effects seem to be relatively modest. However, we describe the case of a woman who developed atrial fibrillation after use of the nicotine patch. <h3>Report of a Case.</h3> —A 55-year-old woman decided to stop smoking. She had been smoking one pack of cigarettes (25 cigarettes) per day for several years, and she had already made several unsuccessful attempts to quit smoking. The medical history revealed no signs of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, thyroid
Treatment of multiple myeloma
Authors: S. Singhal
Journal: BMJ (2003)

New drugs raise hope for the future 

Multiple myeloma is a malignant disease of plasma cells that is characterised by secretion of paraprotein, humoral immunodeficiency, anaemia, lytic bone lesions, and kidney dysfunction. Although the median survival of patients with multiple myeloma has improved from seven months to five years with treatment, the disease remains largely incurable.1

Conventional treatment includes melphalan and prednisone, now used sparingly because of its propensity to compromise collection of haematopoietic stem cells, other combinations, and regimens containing high dose corticosteroids. The latter—including dexamethasone; vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone; and cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and methylprednisolone—are preferred for induction because of their excellent anti-myeloma activity and lack of marrow toxicity.

High dose chemotherapy, particularly melphalan, with autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation improves response rates and their duration and survival compared with conventional chemotherapy. It is now commonly used as consolidation treatment.1 The superiority of consolidation with haematopoietic stem cell transplantation over continued conventional treatment has been confirmed in two randomised studies with a 12 month increase in median overall survival.2 3 Another study has shown …
Perforation of ileal duplication in old age.
Authors: W S Mair, C R Abbott
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Perforation of ileal duplication in old ageIntestinal duplications have an individual muscle coat, submucosa, and an epithelium corresponding to the structure of the adjacent bowel, although heterotopic mucosa is common.Such anomalies generally lie within the mesentery or mediastinum and may com- municate with the bowel or remain discrete.They are either tubular or cystic in nature.Most are found during childhood, often at opera- tion.Out of 315 cases recorded up to 1950, Dohn and Poulsen1 found that 30% were first diagnosed in patients aged 16 and only 5% in patients over 50.Anderson et a12 reviewed 63 cases in adults recorded between 1949 and 1959; the oldest patient was 68, the condition being found incidentally at necropsy.We report a case of peritonitis occur- ring after perforation of an ileal duplication in old age. Case reportAn 81-year-old man was admitted to hospital as an emergency case with a
Results of eVALuate study of hysterectomy techniques: Laparoscopic hysterectomy may yet have a bright future
Authors: M J Canis, A Wattiez, G Mage, M A Bruhat
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Garry et al showed that laparoscopic hysterectomy was associated with a higher rate of major complications than was abdominal hysterectomy.1 Can two techniques be compared, however, when one has been used for 100 years and the other for only a few months?

We found that in a group …
C9-06: Comparison of limited surgery and 3D conformal radiation in high risk patients with Stage IA non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A propensity score matched analysis
Authors: Sai Yendamuri, Arlene M. Correa, Wayne L. Hofstetter, David C. Rice, Ritsuko R. Komaki, Stephen G. Swisher, Jack A. Roth, Ara A. Vaporciyan, Garrett L. Walsh, Reza J. Mehran
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
In vivo Inhibition of Hippocampal Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II by RNA Interference
Authors: A.M. Babcock, D. Standing, K. Bullshields, E. Schwartz, C.M. Paden, D.J. Poulsen
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Hippocampal α-Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (α-CaMKII) has been implicated in spatial learning, neuronal plasticity, epilepsy, and cerebral ischemia. In the present study, an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector was designed to express green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the CBA promoter and a small hairpin RNA targeting α-CaMKII (AAV-shCAM) driven from the U6 promoter. The AAV-shCAM or control vector was microinfused into the rat hippocampus and behavioral testing conducted 19–26 days following surgery. Expression of the marker gene and α-CaMKII was evaluated 31 days following AAV infusion. GFP expression was localized to the hippocampus and extended ±2 mm rostral and caudal from the injection site. Hippocampal α-CaMKII was significantly reduced following AAV-shCAM treatment as demonstrated using immunohistochemical and Western analysis. This suppression of α-CaMKII was associated with changes in exploratory behavior (open field task) and impaired place learning (water maze task). These results demonstrate the efficacy of a viral-based delivered shRNA to produce gene suppression in a specific circuit of the brain.
When to remeasure cardiovascular risk in untreated people at low and intermediate risk: observational study
Authors: K. J. L. Bell, A. Hayen, L. Irwig, O. Takahashi, S. Ohde, P. Glasziou
Journal: BMJ (2013)

To estimate the probability of becoming high risk for cardiovascular disease among people at low and intermediate risk and not being treated for high blood pressure or lipid levels.Observational study.General communities in Japan and the United States.13,757 participants of the Tokyo health check-up study and 3855 of the Framingham studies aged 30-74 years with complete data on risk equation covariates, not receiving blood pressure or cholesterol lowering treatment, and with an estimated risk of cardiovascular disease <20% within 10 years. We stratified participants on the basis of baseline risk: <5%, 5-<10%, 10-<15%, and 15-<20%.We used follow-up measurements from the Tokyo study done annually over three years (2006-10) and follow-up visits in the Framingham study done between eight (1968-75) and 19 years (1990-1995) after baseline.Estimated 10 year risk of a cardiovascular event >20% using the Framingham equation.At baseline most participants had <5% risk (60.6% of Tokyo cohort and 45.7% of Framingham cohort) or 5-<10% risk (24.0% and 28.0%, respectively) of a cardiovascular event within 10 years. There was <10% probability of crossing the treatment threshold at 19, 8, and 3 years for baseline risk groups <5%, 5-<10%, and 10-<15%, respectively, and >10% probability of crossing the treatment threshold at one year for the 15-<20% baseline risk group.Decisions on the frequency of remeasuring for cardiovascular risk should be made on the basis of baseline risk. Repeat risk estimation before 8-10 years is not warranted for most people initially not requiring treatment. However, remeasurement within a year seems warranted in those with an initial 15-<20% risk.
A CASE OF ACUTE YELLOW ATROPHY OF THE LIVER.
Authors: J. F. JENKINS
Journal: JAMA (1889)

the disease is to-day more certain than our theory as to its origin, and if in the future a better ex¬ planation of the cause is offered than at present acceptable to the majority of accoucheurs, we do not hope for much change in the generally ac¬ cepted treatment.
CEREBRAL MORPHOLOGIC CHANGES IN MONKEYS SUBJECTED TO A LARGE NUMBER OF ELECTRICALLY INDUCED CONVULSIONS (32-100)
Authors: ARMANDO FERRARO, LEON ROIZIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1949)

Five groups of Maccacus rhesus monkeys were subjected to 32-100 electrically induced convulsions with currents of 90 volts and duration of current flow of 0.3 sec. and 0.5 sec.; two different sized electrodes were used. The following findings were observed in animals sacrificed at varying intervals (from ½ hour up to 1½ years) following the last induced convulsion. Functional and morphologic changes mostly related to the vascular system as indicated by increased permeability of the blood vessel walls (distension of the perivascular spaces surrounded at times by mild reactive glia proliferation, or compound granular corpuscles, and particularly diapedesis of blood elements). The neuronal changes were mostly of the reversible type. When more intense and more frequently repeated current and longer duration of current were applied, occasional minute petechial hemorrhages resulted. This seems to support the contention that the degree of the lesions is somewhat proportional to the intensity of the electric current, the duration of the current flow and, to a lesser extent, the number of shocks. The histologic alterations were more pronounced and more frequently observed in the areas traversed by the main path of the current. In comparing some of the neuronal changes in experimental animals with the same occurrence in the control group, one must not only evaluate the qualitative changes but also the quantitative ones. Differing somewhat from reports in human material, our conclusions are derived from the study of numerous blocks and at times of a whole hemisphere serially sectioned of experimental material, thus allowing detection of changes which may escape a more cursory investigation in human material. Functional vasomotor changes may be at the base of the favorable therapeutic results reported in human cases. Reversible histometabolic and structural changes as well as permanent structural damage may be at the base of the more or less transitory mental symptoms of the organic reaction type which follow, at times, electroshock therapy.
Abstract 4627: Potent chemotherapeutic activity of green tea polyphenols, blueberry anthocyanidin mixture and cisplatin: Synergistic effects
Authors: Pengxiao Cao, Hina Kausar, Ramesh Gupta
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract A significant progress has been made in the prognosis of several cancers (e.g., breast and prostate cancers). However, the prognosis of lung cancer remains grim. Furthermore, up to 50% of stage I/II non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients develop recurrence/metastasis within five years of their treatments. It is eminent that natural compounds or food-based bioactives with minimal toxicity be identified for their use in neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and/or after the primary cancer treatment for enhanced efficacy. Green tea and berries are drawing increased attention due to their potential anti-cancer effects. The active compounds in green tea and berries are polyphenols, e.g., epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and anthocyanidins (e.g. delphinidin, cyanidin, peonidin, petunidin, malvidin in blueberry), respectively. We previously demonstrated synergistic antiproliferative activity from these Anths against H1299 lung cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo (Kausar et al. AACR 51: 1884, 2010). In this study we investigated the combined effect of EGCG and the blueberry anthocyanidins (EGCG-Anths) alone and in combination with a common chemotherapeutic drug, cisplatin on lung cancer H1299 cell using MTT assay. The antiproliferative activity of EGCG-Anths (6 μM), measured as IC50, was found to be 2- and 4-fold lower compared with Anths (12 μM) and EGCG (21 μM) alone, respectively. The IC50 of cisplatin was found to be ≈50 μM. However, when combined with the EGCG-Anths (10 μM each), the IC50 of cisplatin was significantly reduced (&amp;lt;3 μM). Flow cytometric analysis for cell cycle distribution and apoptosis revealed cell cycle arrest and enhanced apotosis induced by the combination mixture. Western blot analysis for the involved molecular targets showed that selected proteins (cyclin D1, B1, Cdc2, p21, PCNA, Bax, Bcl-2, PARP, etc.) associated with cell cycle and apoptosis were more significantly modulated by the combination, EGCG-Anths-cisplatin than with the individual entities. Together, our data suggest that combination of EGCG-Anths alone or in combination with suboptimal doses of cisplatin may be effective in neo-adjuvant chemotherapy or can be used as maintenance drug for the prevention of lung cancer recurrence/metastasis and minimize toxicity issues associated with high dose cisplatin (Supported from KLCRP, T32-ES011564 and Agnes Brown Duggan Endowment). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4627. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4627
Doctors facing misconduct charges accuse GMC committee of bias
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Lawyers for three doctors facing charges of serious professional misconduct at the General Medical Council asked the committee hearing the charges to stand down on grounds of bias, in a dramatic development just before the Christmas adjournment.

QCs for James Wisheart, John Roylance, and Janardan Dhasmana made the application with the full backing of the Medical Protection Society and the Medical Defence Union, which are defending them. But the committee, chaired by the GMC's president Sir Donald Irvine, declined to step down and will resume hearing the long running case on 12 January.

Such an application is rarely made in legal proceedings and is thought to be unprecedented before the GMC, though a similar application was successfully made to the General Dental Council a few years ago.

The charges relate to heart operations carried out at Bristol Royal Infirmary between …
PLATELET INDICES ARE NOT ASSOCIATED WITH OCCURRENCE OF PERIPROCEDURAL MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY
Authors: Elisabetta Ricottini, Giuseppe Patti, Ilaria Cavallari, Fabio Mangiacapra, Vincenzo Vizzi, Annunziata Nusca, rosetta melfi, paolo gallo, Marco Miglionico, Andrea D'Ambrosio, Germano DiSciascio
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Medicine in the Bible and the Talmud: Selections From Classical Jewish Sources
Authors: Leon D. Hankoff
Journal: JAMA (1978)

In this book, Rosner, a hematologist and rabbinic scholar, has provided us with a highly readable survey of the many medical matters mentioned in the Old Testament and the Talmud. The volume is a short, well-organized, and valuable introduction to a subject now deeply embedded in a vast intellectual structure. Along with his own contemporary medical assessment, the author has supplemented the study of the original Judaic material with the commentaries of later rabbinic authorities so that we are given a considerable view of the meaning of the original scriptural and talmudic references to medical matters. Jewish religious law is often explained in relation to the source material. The book has chapters on topics such as specific diseases, eg, scurvy; body organs, eg, the heart; and areas of general interest, eg, medical ethics. A discussion of the physicians of the Talmud is particularly interesting. Rosner has made relatively little effort
Testing for Antibody to HIV: Confidentiality vs Anonymity
Authors: Don Selvey
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Greenwalt et al<sup>1</sup>wrote to the editor recently about screening for antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at alternate sites. In introducing the subject, the authors state that "anonymity is absolutely essential to ensure the successful operation of such alternate sites for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS] antibody screening. Only then can the use of alternate sites be expected to safeguard the blood supply." This statement is not supported by the remainder of the letter, and, in fact, may represent an author's bias toward the scheme they have developed. It may be that the authors are making the mistake of confusing anonymity with confidentiality. Anonymity is not "absolutely essential" to any endeavor in public health, but confidentiality is. (Anonymity is namelessness, while confidentiality is a matter of trust.) In Arizona, all cases of HIV infection (AIDS, AIDS-related complex, or seropositivity to HIV) will soon be reportable
Abstract 3269: Calpain knockdown in human breast carcinoma cells reduced xenograft tumor growth rates and inhibited in vitro cell migration and proliferation
Authors: Jing H. Hu, Bruce Elliott, Peter A. Greer
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Ubiquitously expressed µ- and m-calpain are calcium dependent intracellular cysteine proteases that have been implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Stable expression and proteolytic activity of the µ- and m-calpain catalytic subunits (encoded by capn1 and capn2 genes, respectively) requires a common regulatory subunit encoded by the capn4/capns1 gene; thus both µ- and m-calpain activities can be blocked by genetic knockout or knockdown of capn4 expression. Calpain is also regulated by an endogenously expressed inhibitor peptide, calpastain. We screened a panel of human breast cancer and normal epithelial cell lines for expression of calpain and calpastatin. µ- and m-calpain and calpastatin were abundantly expressed in MDA-MB-231, SKBR3, T47D, and MCF-7 breast cancer lines, as well as the normal human breast epithelial cell line MCF-10A. A stably expressed lentivirally encoded shRNA directed against the capn4 transcript was used to effectively knockdown µ- and m-calpain expression and activity in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. This correlated with attenuated proliferation, migration and invasion, but resistance to anoikis. Biochemical analysis also suggests a role for calpain in the regulation of focal adhesion complex proteins such FAK, PTP-1B, talin and F-actin. Finally, knockdown of calpain in MDA-MB-231 cells significantly reduced their ability to form tumors when orthotopically injected into the mammary fat pads of nude mice. These observations provide direct genetic evidence that calpain plays a pro-tumorigenic role in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell model system. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3269.