tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Molecular analysis of hepatitis B virus DNA in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from hepatitis B surface antigen–negative cases
Authors: María Cabrerizo, Javier Bartolomé, Carlos Caramelo, Guillermina Barril, Vicente Carreño
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

We have analyzed the molecular bases of the persistence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in the absence of detectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in hemodialysis patients and dialysis-unit staff members who had suffered acute hepatitis B that resolved previously. HBV DNA was found in both compartments by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers of the pre-S/S region. Viral DNA was transcriptionally active in PBMC, because the covalently closed circular (ccc) HBV DNA, the template for the viral RNA transcription, was detected in 47% of the samples. Furthermore, all PBMC had HBV RNA. HBsAg-negative cases had statistically lower levels of HBV DNA in serum and PBMC than a control group of chronic HBsAg carriers. We have also studied the presence of immune complexes and the existence of mutations in the pre-S/S gene to explain the lack of detection of HBsAg in these cases. No serum HBsAg/hepatitis B surface antigen antibody (anti-HBs) immune complexes or mutations in the "a determinant of the S gene were found. However, we have observed that all HBsAg-negative cases were infected by a mixture of the wild-type virus and a deletion mutant in the pre-S1 region. This deletion (amino acids 58-118) affects the S gene promoter, and previous in vitro studies have shown that it produces a reduction of the HBsAg synthesis. In conclusion, this work shows that the lack of detection of HBsAg in the presence of low viral levels of replication may be caused by the existence of viral genomes harboring deletions in the pre-S1 region that affect the S promoter.
Strangulation of the heart following intrapericardial pneumonectomy
Authors: M. H. Yacoub, W. G. Williams, A. Ahmad
Journal: Thorax (1968)

Two cases of strangulation of the heart following left intrapericardial pneumonectomy are described. The condition presents in the immediate post-operative period by sudden fall of blood pressure associated with a high central venous pressure. The diagnosis is usually made by the characteristic radiographic appearances. Actual strangulation of the ventricles is more common on the left side and can lead to irreversible damage in a short time. The predisposing and precipitating factors are discussed with special reference to prevention. Treatment of the established case is by emergency thoracotomy and reduction of the herniated heart. Recurrence is prevented by repairing the defect or wide excision of the pericardium.
It May Seem Obvious to You...: Giving Medication Instructions to Patients
Authors: George Bakris
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.—  A patient I recently saw illustrates the importance of proper instruction regarding route of administration for a given medication and the importance of reinforcing package labeling to ensure proper drug administration and use.  Report of a Case.—  A 46-year-old man was referred to our hypertension clinic for blood pressure that was difficult to control. He previously had received a complete evaluation to rule out secondary causes of hypertension; results of this workup were negative. The referring physician had prescribed acebutolol, 400 mg twice daily, and a nitroglycerin transdermal patch, 5 cm 2 (2.5 mg/d), for control of his blood pressure. In the course of obtaining his medical history, the patient stated that he had been taking the nitroglycerin patch orally on a once-a-day basis for the first three days it was prescribed. On each of three occasions, approximately 20 to 30 minutes after ingestion of the patch
Short-course corticosteroid–induced pulmonary and apparent cerebral aspergillosis in a patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: John Apostolidis, Marina Tsandekidi, Demitris Kousiafes, Maria Pagoni, Chrisanthi Mitsouli, Themis Karmiris, Maria Bakiri, Demitris Karakasis, Nikolaos Harhalakis, Emmanuel Nikiforakis
Journal: Blood (2001)
Prospective Study of Bacteremia and Complications With EUS FNA of Rectal and Perirectal Lesions
Authors: Michael J. Levy, Ian D. Norton, Jonathan E. Clain, Felicity B. Enders, Ferga Gleeson, Paul J. Limburg, Heidi Nelson, Elizabeth Rajan, Mark D. Topazian, Kenneth K. Wang, Maurits J. Wiersema, Walter R. Wilson
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2007)
PRELEUKEMIC ACUTE HUMAN LEUKEMIA
Authors: Matthew Block
Journal: JAMA (1953)

During the past three years we have had the unusual opportunity to observe 12 patients for as long as 27 months prior to the development of acute myelogenous or stem cell leukemia. During the preleukemic phase, the transitional phase to acute leukemia, as well as thereafter until death, their clinical courses were recorded, frequent complete peripheral blood cell counts were made, and serial biopsies of the bone marrow and, in some cases, biopsies of liver and spleen were obtained. Interest in the preleukemic phase of human acute leukemia has been heightened by recent studies in induced mouse leukemia. In both humans<sup>1</sup>and mice, the disease is usually rapidly fatal, with only short remissions sometimes produced by steroid or antifolic acid therapy. In the mouse, however, treatment with cortisone in the preleukemic phase of the disease has been shown to decrease the incidence of leukemia induced by x-ray<sup>2</sup>and
Lesions induced in rodent pancreas by azaserine and other pancreatic carcinogens.
Authors: D S Longnecker
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1984)

Focal proliferative changes in the acinar cells of the pancreas of rats have been induced by several systemically administered carcinogens including azaserine, N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine, N-nitroso-(2-hydroxypropyl) (2-oxopropyl)amine, and N delta-(N-methyl-N-nitrosocarbamoyl)-L-ornithine (MNCO). Foci, nodules, and adenomas induced by these carcinogens are usually made up of atypical-appearing acinar cells that maintain a high degree of differentiation, but a minority of these lesions exhibit anaplastic cellular changes that suggest the development of malignant potential. Such anaplasia may occupy the whole of smaller lesions or may occur as a secondary focal change within larger nodules or adenomas. Many foci and nodules per pancreas have been induced by single or multiple exposures to these known genotoxic carcinogens, but relatively few of them develop into carcinomas. Azaserine and MNCO have induced acinar cell carcinomas in rats. Those induced by azaserine have exhibited a broad spectrum of histologic variants, including ductlike cystic, and undifferentiated patterns. Higher doses of MNCO have induced a second pattern of change in the pancreatic lobules of rats, which includes cystic and tubular ductlike structures that have been called cystic and tubular ductal complexes. MNCO has also induced focal acinar cell lesions, cystic and tubular ductal complexes, and adenocarcinomas in the pancreas of Syrain golden hamsters. In this species, ductal complexes are much more numerous than are proliferative lesions of acinar cells, and the histologic appearance of the carcinomas is ductlike. Hyperplasia and atypical changes were also seen in the epithelium of the intralobular ducts of hamsters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pathologic Exhibit for A. M. A.
Authors: Joseph M. Mathews
Journal: JAMA (1900)

that it gets thoroughly into the center of each pigment spot.The application is practically painless, and the consequent bubbling removes the inorganic remains of the powder.I have found it necessary to prick each point thoroughly open, and have used the solution of U. S. P. strength with perfect re- sults, absolutely no pigment remaining.Very truly,
Mechanical Lithotripsy through the Intact Papilla of Vater
Authors: J.F. Riemann, K. Seuberth, L. Demling
Journal: Endoscopy (1983)

The indications for endoscopic papillotomy are clearly defined. When only the normal risk presents, our working group favours an age limit of 50 years, below which the papilla should, as far as possible, be preserved. In the present case report, a possibility is described for effecting an endoscopic extraction of bile duct concrements through a completely intact papilla. It is thus apparent that, in certain cases, mechanical lithotripsy can also be employed to smash ductal stones through the intact papilla.
Human Ehrlichiosis in the United States, 1985 to 1990
Authors: Daniel B. Fishbein
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

To describe the epidemiology, clinical features, laboratory manifestations, response to therapy, and factors related to morbidity and mortality in a large group of patients with ehrlichiosis.Case-series.Laboratory-based surveillance in the United States.237 patients whose serum had a fourfold increase or decrease in antibodies to Ehrlichia canis or E. chaffeensis.Epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory data, hospitalization, duration of illness, complications, and treatment response.From 1985 through 1990, 237 case-patients were identified in 21 states; rates exceeded 1 per 100,000 per year in only 5 counties. Incidence rates increased with age and were higher among men. Most case-patients had nonspecific illness and were not suspected of having a rickettsial infection. Many patients (60.8%) were hospitalized. Leukocyte and platelet counts typically decreased and liver function tests typically increased through day 7. Three (6.1%) of 49 outpatients treated only with tetracycline were hospitalized compared with 35 (92%) of 38 outpatients treated only with antibiotics other than tetracycline or chloramphenicol (P < 0.001). Among hospitalized patients, recovery was faster for those initially treated with tetracycline (median, 16 days) or chloramphenicol (median, 12 days) than for those initially treated with other antibiotics (median, 27 days; P = 0.03 for both comparisons). In a logistic regression analysis, severe illness or death was more probable among case-patients 60 years or older (odds ratio [OR], 4.60; 95% CI, 1.87 to 11.2) and among those who did not receive tetracycline or chloramphenicol until 8 or more days after symptom onset (OR, 4.38; CI, 1.36 to 14.0).The findings of this study are primarily representative of more seriously ill patients with human ehrlichiosis. Although rates are low, ehrlichiosis is found in many areas of the United States. Patients with a history of tick exposure, acute febrile illness, decreasing leukocyte counts, and decreasing platelet counts may have ehrlichiosis. Prompt treatment with tetracycline or chloramphenicol markedly decreases the morbidity.
NHS hearing aid services vary unacceptably in quality, MPs say
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Wiltshire police investigating unspecified allegations against a paediatrician at Southampton General Hospital are seeking expert medical evidence outside the UK.The case concerns a paediatrician who was involved in the care of a child whose mother was later charged with murder.Marianne Williams, then 22, was charged in 2004 with the murder of her 15 month old son, Joshua Taylor, whom she was alleged to have poisoned with salt.She was found not guilty in October last year after a six week trial at Winchester Crown Court.Wiltshire police officers are also under investigation for their role in the case.The Independent Police Complaints Commission said that it was "midway through" an investigation into a complaint about the conduct of the criminal investigation.Six officers had been served with official notice of the inquiry, although "this in no way implies guilt or wrongdoing on the part of any officer," the commission said.Detective Superintendent James Vaughan, the officer leading the Wiltshire force's inquiry into the allegations against the doctor, confirmed that Wiltshire Police would not be seeking medical advice in the case from any British doctors-a claim posted on the website forum Mothers Against Munchausen Allegations."In order to maintain the confidence of Joshua's family, and to identify an independent specialist who has had no connection with this or any other similar sets of circumstances in the United Kingdom, it has been necessary to seek assistance from overseas," Detective Superintendent Vaughan said.This was, he insisted, "not a reflection on the Wiltshire police's confidence in the United Kingdom experts."However, the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health said it was "confident that we have eminent experts in the UK who can offer an independent and authoritative opinion." Police look abroad for salt case expertUK NEWS Remedy UK loses court case, p1134
AN ENZYMATIC FUNCTION ASSOCIATED WITH TRANSFORMATION OF FIBROBLASTS BY ONCOGENIC VIRUSES
Authors: L. Ossowski, J. C. Unkeless, A. Tobia, J. P. Quigley, D. B. Rifkin, E. Reich
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

Chick, hamster, mouse, and rat embryo fibroblast cultures, transformed by either DNA or RNA viruses, show fibrinolytic activity under suitable conditions of growth and in appropriate media; normal counterpart cultures do not. The fibrinolysin is produced by the interaction of two protein factors: one of these, a cell factor, is released by transformed cells and accumulates in the medium when cultures are incubated in the absence of scrum. The second factor, the serum factor, is a specific protein that is present in sera of many avian and mammalian species, including man. Not all sera yield fibrinolysin on interaction with any given transformed cell factor, and the spectrum of activating sera is distinctive for each cell factor. This pattern appears to be determined by the cell type, rather than by the transforming virus. An important role for the fibrinolysin in oncogenic transformation is suggested by the following correlations. (a) The initial appearance of fibrinolysin precedes the morphological change after the transfer to permissive temperatures of chick fibroblast cultures infected with a temperature-sensitive mutant of RSV. (b) The initiation of fibrinolysis and of morphological change both require the synthesis of new protein, but not the synthesis of either DNA or rRNA. (c) The activity of the fibrinolysin is correlated with the retention of abnormal morphology in hamster cells transformed by SV-40. (d) The sera of normal chicks effectively activate fibrinolysis with the cell factor from transformed chick cells. In contrast the sera of chicks with RSV tumors do not; these contain an inhibitor of the fibrinolytic activity.
Neuroendocrine Tumors, Version 1.2015
Authors: Matthew H. Kulke, Manisha H. Shah, Al B. Benson, Emily Bergsland, Jordan D. Berlin, Lawrence S. Blaszkowsky, Lyska Emerson, Paul F. Engstrom, Paul Fanta, Thomas Giordano, Whitney S. Goldner, Thorvardur R. Halfdanarson, Martin J. Heslin, Fouad Kandeel, Pamela L. Kunz, Boris W. Kuvshinoff, Christopher Lieu, Jeffrey F. Moley, Gitonga Munene, Venu G. Pillarisetty, Leonard Saltz, Julie Ann Sosa, Jonathan R. Strosberg, Jean-Nicolas Vauthey, Christopher Wolfgang, James C. Yao, Jennifer Burns, Deborah Freedman-Cass
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2015)

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) comprise a broad family of tumors that may or may not be associated with symptoms attributable to hormonal hypersecretion. The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology for Neuroendocrine Tumors discuss the diagnosis and management of both sporadic and hereditary NETs. This selection from the guidelines focuses on sporadic NETs of the pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, lung, and thymus.
In vivo assessment of granulocyte migration to diseased bowel in Crohn's disease.
Authors: S H Saverymuttu, A M Peters, J P Lavender, V S Chadwick, H J Hodgson
Journal: Gut (1985)

It has been suggested, on the basis of impaired granulocyte migration to skin windows, that there is a fundamental granulocyte defect in Crohn9s disease. In vitro tests of granulocyte function have, however, failed to confirm this. We have studied granulocyte migration to inflamed bowel in Crohn9s disease using a new approach which utilises dynamic gamma camera imaging after injection of 111In labelled autologous granulocytes. In 20 of 22 studies there was rapid migration to diseased bowel, compatible with no migration delay. Only two patients showed delays in migration of 12 and 15 minutes respectively, but neither had any clinical characteristics to distinguish them from the other 20 patients. This study shows that the majority of patients with Crohn9s disease in relapse have rapid granulocyte migration to diseased bowel and provides evidence against a significant migration defect in this condition.
FROM A LAUNDRY "SHOOT'
Authors: Kenneth B. Babcock
Journal: JAMA (1960)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I thoroughly enjoyed the editorial entitled "Postoperative Sepsis," inThe Journal, July 9, page 1140. It was cogent and very apropos. However, since when is "laundry chute" spelled "shoot"—and twice yet? We certainly shot the chute.—Ed.
GPs are told to warn parents that co-sleeping can increase risk of sudden infant death syndrome
Authors: I. Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Parents of babies under 1 year old should be warned of a link between falling asleep with a baby in bed, or on a sofa or chair, and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has said.

In updated guidance NICE advised GPs, midwives, and health visitors to discuss with parents the potential risks of co-sleeping, whether or not it is intentional, so that they can weigh up the possible risks and benefits of various sleeping arrangements.1 This discussion of co-sleeping and the factors that may make …
5-Fluorocytosine in the Treatment of Mycotic Infections
Authors: ALEXANDER G. VANDEVELDE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Twenty-two patients with deep-seated mycotic infections were treated with 5-fluorocytosine: in 8 patients the infection was caused by species of Crypfococcus; in 8, Candida albicans; in 3, Phialophora species; in 1, Torulopsis glabrata; in 1, Sporothrix schenckii; and in 1, Aspergillus fumigatus. Apparent cure was achieved in 11 patients; 6 more showed significant improvement, but 5 were judged to be treatment failures. In some instances this new fungal antimetabolite was effective in cases that had not responded to amphotericin B. Because oral administration produces effective tissue levels, and side effects are rare and usually transient, this drug is a welcome addition to the therapeutic armamentarium for mycotic infections. It may become the drug of choice for the treatment of chromoblastomycosis.
Determination of total arsenic in environmental samples from Kumasi and Obuasi, Ghana.
Authors: E H Amonoo-Neizer, E M Amekor
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

The total arsenic content of some Ghana food and cash crops from Kumasi and Obuasi farms and markets was determined. Quantitative analysis of arsenic was also conducted on vegetation, cooked food obtained from some homes, local fish, and meat, as well as some soil and water samples. In all, 266 samples were examined. Values for Kumasi samples ranged from 0.07 to 7.20 mg/kg arsenic, whereas those for Obuasi ranged from 0.12 to 70.50 mg/kg, confirming that arsenic levels for Obuasi are much higher than those for Kumasi.
The role of membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava in the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in southern African Blacks
Authors: Michael C. Kew, Ann McKnight, John Hodkinson, Stanley Bukofzer, Jan D. Esser
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava has been incriminated as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in South African Blacks and in Japanese. However, the frequency with which this anomaly is found in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, and hence its numerical importance as an etiological association of the tumor, has not been ascertained. Using radionuclide and contrast venography as well as necropsy and laparotomy examination, we investigated 162 unselected southern African Blacks with hepatocellular carcinoma together with appropriate controls for the presence of membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava. Membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava was detected in six of 162 (3.7%) hepatocellular carcinoma patients, compared with one of 279 subjects (0.36% p = 0.011) dying a violent death, none of 55 patients (p = 0.169) with malignant disease other than hepatocellular carcinoma and eight of 150 patients (5.3%; p = 0.336) being investigated for conditions which might have been associated with membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava. Six of the 15 individuals (40%) found to have membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava had concomitant hepatocellular carcinoma, confirming that membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava constitutes a risk factor for the development of the tumor. However, only a very small proportion of hepatocellular carcinoma patients have this abnormality, so that it is a minor causal association of the tumor only.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Overexpression of Glutathione Peroxidase Prevents Left Ventricular Remodeling and Failure After Myocardial Infarction in Mice
Authors: Tetsuya Shiomi, Hiroyuki Tsutsui, Hidenori Matsusaka, Kimiyo Murakami, Shunji Hayashidani, Masaki Ikeuchi, Jing Wen, Toru Kubota, Hideo Utsumi, Akira Takeshita
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathophysiology of heart failure. We determined whether the overexpression of glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) could attenuate left ventricular (LV) remodeling and failure after myocardial infarction (MI). Methods and Results— We created MI in 12- to 16-week-old, male GSHPx transgenic mice (TG+MI) and nontransgenic wild-type littermates (WT+MI) by ligating the left coronary artery. GSHPx activity was increased in the hearts of TG mice, with no significant changes in other antioxidant enzymes. LV concentrations of thiobarbituric acid–reactive substances measured in TG+MI at 4 weeks were significantly lower than those in WT+MI. The survival rate during 4 weeks of MI was significantly higher in TG+MI than in WT+MI, although the infarct size was comparable. LV cavity dilatation and dysfunction were significantly attenuated in TG+MI. LV end-diastolic pressure was increased in WT+MI and reduced in TG+MI. Improvement of LV function in TG+MI was accompanied by a decrease in myocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis, and interstitial fibrosis in the noninfarcted LV. Myocardial matrix metalloproteinase-9 zymographic and protein levels were increased in WT+MI after 3 days but were attenuated in TG+MI. Conclusions— Overexpression of GSHPx inhibited LV remodeling and failure after MI. Therapies designed to interfere with oxidative stress might be beneficial to prevent cardiac failure.