tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changes in the inflammatory response of the lung during acute respiratory distress syndrome: prognostic indicators.
Authors: R P Baughman, K L Gunther, M C Rashkin, D A Keeton, E N Pattishall
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

We studied paired bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in patients with sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Patients were evaluated at one institution and underwent bronchoscopy with BAL within 48 h of the onset of ARDS. Patients were restudied with bronchoscopy and BAL after 4 d of treatment. Fifty-eight patients were initially studied, with 44 patients having follow-up bronchoscopy after 4 d. The overall 30-d survival for the ARDS group was 60%. In the initial lavage, there was no difference in the neutrophils between the survivors and nonsurvivors (survivors: 59 [0-98]%; Median [Range]; nonsurvivors: 55 [0-92]%). The follow-up lavage demonstrated a significant drop in the neutrophils for the survivors (36 [4-89]%, p < 0.002) which was not seen for the nonsurvivors (70 [26-95]%). Initial IL-8 concentrations in the BAL fluid were not significantly different between the two groups. In the follow-up lavage, there was a significant fall for the IL-8 concentrations for the survivors but not the nonsurvivors. We conclude that neutrophil influx in ARDS may rapidly resolve within a week of the onset of ARDS. The resolution of neutrophils was associated with a good prognosis.
Overweight doctors have increased mortality
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Being overweight, as well as being obese, increases risk of death, according to a long term follow-up study of nearly 100 000 male doctors ( International Journal of Obesity 2007 Mar 6, doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803564).

The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol was also greater in heavier doctors, the study showed. The authors, from Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, in Boston, said, “We found a consistent linear association between higher body mass index (BMI) and increased risk of mortality after accounting for several potential sources of bias, even among those within …
Retroviruses as genetic tools to isolate transcriptionally active chromosomal regions.
Authors: H von Melchner, H E Ruley
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

By exploiting the ability of retroviruses to move genes into random sites of mammalian genomes and by exploiting some features of their replication, retrovirus vectors have been developed that select for instances in which the virus integrates into expressed genes. Since integrated proviruses tag transcriptionally active sites, the vectors provide a means to identify and isolate promoters active in different cell types. Furthermore, the viruses may be useful as insertional mutagens, since they select for instances in which integration occurs into expressed sites. This reduces the number of integrants needed to screen for loss of gene function and may enable genes controlling phenotypes in mammalian cells to be isolated.
Prophylactic Anticoagulant Therapy in the Prevention of Calf-Vein Thrombosis after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Richard Wray, Brian Maurer, John Shillingford
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

In a controlled study of 92 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction prophylactic administration of heparin and warfarin reduced the rate of calf-vein thrombosis, detected by the 125I fibrinogen technic, from 22 to 6.5 per cent. Clinically important pulmonary emboli did not occur in either anticoagulated or nonanticoagulated patients. All patients studied were given active physiotherapy from the time of admission and mobilized within seven days of the acute infarction. Anticoagulant treatment thus appears to reduce the frequency of calf-vein thrombosis, but when a policy of early mobilization is followed, anticoagulation may be reserved for patients with evidence of thrombosis of veins above the knee or patients who are confined to bed for more than a week. (N Engl J Med 288:815–817, 1973)
First metatarsophalangeal joint aspiration using a 29-gauge needle
Authors: F Sivera, R Aragon, E Pascual
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2007)

To asses the clinical feasibility of aspirating symptomatic and asymptomatic first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints with a 29-gauge needle in order to obtain a synovial fluid (SF) sample.All consecutive aspirations of first MTP joints performed within our department were prospectively recorded. The procedure was considered successful if SF volume was enough to perform a crystal search. Crystals were identified using a polarised light microscope (magnification x400) with a first order red compensator. Pain was recorded on a 10-cm visual analogue scale (VAS).Aspirations were attempted in 33 first MTP joints in 31 patients. SF was drawn from 30 of the joints (91%), with little difference between asymptomatic (89%) and inflamed joints (93%). The technique was well tolerated (mean VAS 1.74). Urate monosodium crystals were identified in 22 samples (73%) and another sample contained calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals.A 29-gauge needle allows easy aspiration of the first MTP joint with only modest discomfort for the patients, and generally yields a SF sample of sufficient volume for crystal detection and identification.
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Screening Is More Sensitive for Detecting Thyroid Abnormalities in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Robert P. Hoffman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

Kordonouri et al. (1) provide interesting information regarding the frequency of thyroid autoimmunity in pediatric-aged patients with type 1 diabetes. Their recommendations of “yearly examinations of thyroid antibodies” and “in cases of thyroid antibody positivity, thyroid function tests and ultrasound assessment” “to minimize the risk of undiagnosed hypothyroidism in young patients with type 1 diabetes” are not supported …
Monitoring minimal residual disease in children with high-risk relapses of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: prognostic relevance of early and late assessment
Authors: C Eckert, N Hagedorn, L Sramkova, G Mann, R Panzer-Grümayer, C Peters, J-P Bourquin, T Klingebiel, A Borkhardt, G Cario, J Alten, G Escherich, K Astrahantseff, K Seeger, G Henze, A von Stackelberg
Journal: Leukemia (2015)
Medical Style and Format: An International Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers
Authors: James Ransom
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Dr Huth has prepared the best style guide ever made available to people who write or edit medical journal articles. So much of what he offers is also of daily use and interest to people who write or edit medical books that I would proclaim<i>Medical Style and Format</i>to be the standard reference for people who work in any capacity with medical writing—<i>any capacity</i>, including the proofreading capacity and the composition capacity and the electronic transmission and retrieval capacity. There is not much the author has neglected to cover: how to write a citation for a map or computer program or abbreviate the reaches of time from s to<i>y</i>. There are useful sections on academic degrees and on how to divide words and spell words. I am happy to have authority for<i>foramens</i>and for rejecting<i>and/or</i>("a lazy legalism") and to be freed forever of small
Use of Computer Graphics Simulation for Teaching of Flexible Sigmoidoscopy
Authors: J. Baillie, P. Jowell, H. Evangelou, W. Bickel, P. Cotton
Journal: Endoscopy (1991)

The concept of simulation training in endoscopy is now well-established. The systems currently under development employ either computer graphics simulation or interactive video technology; each has its strengths and weaknesses. A flexible sigmoidoscopy training device has been designed which uses graphic routines--such as object oriented programming and double buffering--in entirely new ways. These programming techniques compensate for the limitations of currently available desk-top microcomputers. By boosting existing computer 'horsepower' with next generation coprocessors and sophisticated graphics tools such as intensity interpolation (Gouraud shading), the realism of computer simulation of flexible sigmoidoscopy is being greatly enhanced. The computer program has teaching and scoring capabilities, making it a truly interactive system. Use has been made of this ability to record, grade and store each trainee encounter in computer memory as part of a multi-center, prospective trial of simulation training being conducted currently in the USA. A new input device, a dummy endoscope, has been designed that allows application of variable resistance to the insertion tube. This greatly enhances tactile feedback, such as resistance during looping. If carefully designed trials show that computer simulation is an attractive and effective training tool, it is expected that this technology will evolve rapidly and be made widely available to trainee endoscopists.
History of Medical Organization.
Authors: H. B. Young
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Burlington, Iowa, April 16, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In "An Epitome of the History of Medical Organization in the United States," published inThe Journal, April 15, I note a statement concerning Iowa which may be misleading and I ask space for this, a more explicit account. Section 4954 of the revised statutes of Iowa (code of 1897) is the "nasty ad." law referred to. It is almost identical in language with section 5337 of the code of 1880. Whether the Iowa State Medical Society was instrumental in having this law made I can not say, because I was not a member until 1880. Some of the older men may be able to tell you, but that the members generally were ignorant of its existence can be seen by reference to the October and December, 1903, issues of the<i>Iowa Medical Journal</i>. In the latter I have a letter on
Intensive Intervention Can Lead to a Treatment Holiday from Biological DMARDs in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Yoshiya Tanaka, Shintaro Hirata
Journal: Drugs (2014)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and joint destruction that causes significant morbidity and mortality. However, the combined use of methotrexate (MTX), a synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (sDMARD) and biological DMARDs (bDMARDs) has revolutionized treatment of RA and clinical remission or low disease activity (LDA) are now realistic targets, achieved by a large proportion of RA patients. We are now in a position to evaluate if it is possible to maintain remission or LDA while at the same time reducing the burden of treatment on the patient and healthcare system. Data are emerging from large, well-conducted studies designed to answer this question, shedding light on which patient populations and treatment algorithms can survive treatment discontinuation or tapering with low risk of disease flare. For early RA, approximately half of early RA patients could discontinue TNF-targeted bDMARDs without clinical flare and functional impairment after obtaining clinical remission by bDMARDs with MTX. In contrast, for established RA, fewer patients sustained remission or LDA after the discontinuation of bDMARDs and "deep remission" at the discontinuation was a key factor to maintain the treatment holiday of bDMARDs. Thus, this article provides a brief outline on withdrawing or tapering bDMARDs once patients have achieved remission or LDA in RA.
Whom do dying patients tell?
Authors: J Hinton
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Eighty married patients dying of cancer were assessed for their overt awareness of their condition. Of the 62 who discussed the possibility of dying, 22 had spoken of this to hospital staff, 43 to their husband or wife, and 53 to the interviewer. Those more certain of dying were more likely to speak about it. Patients previously considered "nervous" people more often showed their awareness, but current anxiety had no consistent effect. More overt sharing of awareness tended to happen in marriages considered average or poor by the spouse than in some closer marital partnerships. The patients' communication of awareness to wife or husband was consistently better when the spouse favoured telling the patient. Patients also tended to disclose their awareness of dying more frequently to those staff prepared to discuss the matter. The findings have implications for the care of the dying.
Clinical Application of Space Medicine Technology
Authors: Albert H. Schwichtenberg
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Our spacecraft have, through necessity, reached levels of complexity beyond anything known previously or even imagined possible as recently as ten years ago. These levels have been achieved by remarkable reductions in weight, size, and power requirements while achieving phenomenal levels of reliability. This communication is concerned with the contributions which space technology is making to clinical medicine and related medical and life sciences. For several years to come, our national space programs will be in the learning phase wherein the needs and responses of man in the highly stressful and extremely hostile environment of space must be explored step by step. Such a project can be effectively and economically accomplished only by the closest possible integration of a vast multidisciplinary effort, which will present the most difficult interdisciplinary communication problem. The development of techniques to solve this communication problem will, in my opinion, prove to be the single most
DIPHTHERIA ANTITOXIN IN THE TREATMENT OF GOITER.
Authors: ROBERT T. LEGGE
Journal: JAMA (1905)

During the summer of 1903 I had occasion to treat a family with diphtheria; one patient died from the laryngeal form after tracheotomy had been performed and large doses of antitoxin had been administered. An aunt acted as a nurse; she had exophthalmic goiter, with all the classic symptoms. No immunizing dose of antitoxin was given her, and she was infected with moderately severe pharyngeal diphtheria. I immediately injected 1,500 units of antitoxin and repeated the dose on the following day, combined with local antiseptic and internal supportive treatment, with the result that at the end of the week she was convalescent. Four months later I saw this patient and noticed that the large tumor of the neck had disappeared, and that the eye symptoms were a trifle better. She stated that since the attack of diphtheria the goiter had grown smaller to such an extent that she noticed the
Intraperitoneal Pancreas Transplant Perfusion with Simultaneous Kidney Transplant Evaluation
Authors: V Vijayakumar, P G. Thomas, E G. Briscoe
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Scientific Abstracts: Nine Poster Presentations for the 51st Annual Meeting of the Southwestern Chapter of the Society of Nuclear Medicine April 7-9, 2006, Hyatt Regency, Albuquerque, New Mexico http: //www.swcsnm.org: PDF Only
Changing Minds about Brains
Authors: Francis D. Moore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

IN the November 6 issue of the Journal Drs. Henry Beecher and John Shillito summarized some current aspects of cadaver-donor procurement, as viewed through their own experience. The increasingly realized potential for physical, social, economic and emotional rehabilitation of terminally ill young patients through the use of cadaver-tissue transplantation makes the topic especially important. The scarce anatomic resources contained within the body of a person not too old, without infection and cancer, but with a dead brain, justify all the attention that this topic has been given.Two aspects deserve additional comment:The first is that the criteria for irreversible . . .
Anaerobes and carcinoma of the prostate
Authors: P N Cooper, M R Millar, P G R Godwin
Journal: BMJ (1988)

Anaerobes and carcinoma of the prostateAnaerobic bacteria are present in healthy people on all mucosal surfaces and can be isolated from the urine and periurethral region.Anaerobes may be associated with pyelonephritis, urethritis, renal abscess, prostatitis, and septicaemia.Carcinomas of the bronchus, colon, and uterus are associated with anaerobic infections.The recorded incidence of prostatic carcinoma in men aged over 50 is between 14 and 46%.2We tested the hypothesis that anaerobes are associated with prostatic carcinoma.
Prostaglandin E2 is a selective inducer of interleukin-12 p40 (IL-12p40) production and an inhibitor of bioactive IL-12p70 heterodimer
Authors: Paweł Kaliński, Pedro L. Vieira, Joost H. N. Schuitemaker, Esther C. de Jong, Martien L. Kapsenberg
Journal: Blood (2001)
Determinants of Cardiac Performance
Authors: CARL J. WIGGERS
Journal: Circulation (1951)

Sequential experimental studies are reviewed which, when properly integrated, confirm the concept that the responses of the ventricles, however measured, are determined by the initial length of fibers, provided that the functional state of the myocardium is not altered. Some of the established factors are discussed which may obscure the evidence that this basic law is of importance under normal and pathologic conditions.
Oxygen Pre-Conditioning Prevents Contrast-Induced Nephropathy (OPtion CIN Study)
Authors: Haruki Sekiguchi, Yoichi Ajiro, Yoshie Uchida, Issei Ishida, Hisao Otsuki, Hidetoshi Hattori, Hiroyuki Arashi, Yasunori Kobayashi, Kentaro Jujo, Junichi Yamaguchi, Masaaki Ii, Kazunori Iwade, Naohide Tanaka, Ken Shimamoto, Yukio Tsurumi, Masatoshi Kawana, Nobuhisa Hagiwara
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
On the Operation of Transfusion in Obstetric Practice: With Description of a More Convenient Transfusion-Apparatus
Authors: G. Hewitt
Journal: BMJ (1863)

<b>Rationale</b>. Inhibition of slowly adapting stretch receptors (SARS) inhibits the cough reflex (CR), but it is not clear whether SARS stimulation facilitates CR and/or expiration reflex (ER). The issue is relevant to the long term understanding of chronic cough because those mechanisms that regulate cough are poorly understood. The <b>aim of the study</b> was to demonstrate whether SARS stimulation by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) alters CR and/or ER in the rabbit. <b>Methods</b>: 5 rabbits were anesthetized and tracheostomized. The trachea was exoposed to punctuate mechanical stimuli at control and with 4-5 hPa CPAP. 24 stimulations were aimed in each condition in each animal. CR and ER were identified from airflow and volume signals, diaphragmatic and abdominal muscle electrical activity. The reflexes were defined as a forced expiratory effort preceded (CR) or not (ER) by an augmented inspiration. Mixed responses were differentiated from the pattern of the first breath as ER/CR and CR/ER. <b>Results:</b> 241 stimulations, evenly distributed in inspiration and expiration, were obtained at control (n = 121) and on CPAP (n = 120). The overall incidence of positive responses significantly increased from 66% at control to 85% on CPAP (p = 0.0005). Incidence of ER, CR or CR/ER was not significantly altered. In contrast the mixed ER/CR response significantly increased from 14% at control to 38% on CPAP (p = 0.0005). <b>Conclusions</b>. SARS stimulation up regulates airway defensive reflexes, namely ER/CR. Thus SARS appear to sensitize preferentially those ER-facilitated coughs. It is speculated that a proper identification of airway defensive responses in patients may be relevant to a better understanding of chronic cough.
Early Jaundice in the Newborn
Authors: Fred H. Allen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

SEVERE jaundice in the neonatal period has come to be recognized as one of the major problems of that crucial time of life. Whether caused by erythroblastosis fetalis (due to ABO, Rh and its subtypes, or some other blood-group factor) or an infectious disease, or even if it is simply severe "physiologic" icterus, marked jaundice may be accompanied by damage to the brain. This brain damage (kernicterus) is believed to be caused by high concentrations of indirect bilirubin. It is considered preventable by exchange transfusions given in time, and serum bilirubin levels are considered a reliable guide to the necessity . . .
Revised Justice Department Rule Does Not Require Physician Participation in Federal Executions
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1993)

RESPONDING to strong opposition from the American College of Physicians (ACP), the American Medical Association (AMA), and other medical groups and individuals, the US Department of Justice has dropped sections of its proposed rule that would have required physician participation in the execution of federal prisoners ( JAMA . 1993;269:721-723).  The proposed rule, which was published in the November 30, 1992, Federal Register , met criticism from individuals and groups opposed to physician involvement in executions. In addition to submitting written comments to the Bureau of Prisons, the ACP, AMA, American Nursing Association, American Public Health Association, and National Commission on Correctional Health Care held a press conference December 29 to publicize their opposition to sections of the proposed rule.  According to a Justice Department notice published in the January 19,1993, Federal Register , nearly half of the 23 comments the department received concerning the proposed rule came from medical associations and individuals objecting
Lymphocyte proliferation to artery antigen as a positive diagnostic test in polymyalgia rheumatica.
Authors: B L Hazleman, I C Maclennan, M M Esiri
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1975)

The transformation response of peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro to human arterial and muscle antigen has been studied in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica, polymyositis, rheumatoid arthritis, and polyarteritis, and polyarteritis nodosa and in unrelated controls. Lymphocytes from patients with polymyalgia rheumatica showed transformation responses significantly higher to artery antigen than those in the other disease and control groups. The highest responses were found in patients with evidence of the most active clinical disease at the time of testing. It is suggested that the transformation response to arterial antigen might aid the diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica.