tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alanine Aminotransferase and Posttransfusion Hepatitis
Authors: David A. Lacher
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The American Red Cross is initiating the screening of donor blood for high alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels to reduce the incidence of posttransfusion hepatitis. Non-A, non-B hepatitis, probably caused by several viruses, is the major cause of posttransfusion hepatitis. Thirty percent of patients with posttransfusion hepatitis are symptomatic, and some develop chronic hepatic disease. Hepatitis B has been virtually eliminated as a source of posttransfusion hepatitis by testing donor blood for hepatitis B surface antigen. Aach et al<sup>1</sup>prospectively followed up 1513 transfusion recipients and found that the incidence of posttransfusion hepatitis was directly related to the ALT concentration in blood donors. The overall attack rate for non-A, non-B hepatitis was 10%, but recipients of donor units with an ALT concentration of 60 U/L or greater had a 45% attack rate. The direct relationship between transfusion hepatitis and donor ALT levels was confirmed by Alter et
A Visit to Finsen's Institute.
Authors: A. K. Warner
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Chicago, Dec. 30, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Copenhagen is proud of its famous citizen. The kingdom of Denmark has contributed a sum of money sufficient to erect quite an imposing structure to house the Institute. The Institute is located in a fashionable quarter of the city. The site was chosen on account of its seclusion. The residents strongly objected, but without avail, as it was decided that the unfortunate lupus patients needed such an environment of retirement and refinement in order to while away the long weeks of treatment. The attendants are polite and are more than anxious to explain the operation of the remedial agent. They claim to cure 90 per cent, of all cases. To prove this they show you a large album of photographs of patients on entering and leaving the Institute. The transfiguration truly borders upon the marvelous. The once repulsive features are changed into those
Prion Diseases (Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies): A Review
Authors: N. J. D. Hansen
Journal: Endoscopy (1997)

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), or "mad cow disease", as well as Creutzfeldt-Jakob-Disease in humans, have recently been attracting public attention. The European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) has issued guidelines on the topic (Endoscopy 1997; 29: 203-4), which were accompanied by a review article by T. Ponchon ("Transmission of hepatitis C and prion diseases through digestive endoscopy: evaluation of risk and recommended practices", Endoscopy 1997; 29: 199-202) dealing with the potential transmission of BSE and hepatitis C through gastrointestinal endoscopy. The following article on prion diseases in general provides a more in-depth overview of these disorders and their epidemiology and pathophysiology.
Cable from Cathay
Authors: Ronald A. Malt, Frank McDowell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Nearly displacing transcendental meditation and vitamin E in medical news are tales of the supernatural in contemporary Chinese surgery related by recent travelers from the West. Acupuncture, moxibustion, and herbal medicines tend to be lumped with surgical technics of great virtuosity to fascinate the innocent. As might be expected, uncritical narratives have had a reverse effect on skeptics.For a three-week examination of the facts, the American Replantation Mission* entered the People's Republic of China on May 15 as guests of the Chinese Medical Association, an official governmental agency. It was the first Western surgical group to visit China in . . .
Prediction of Prostate Cancer Risk: The Role of Prostate Volume and Digital Rectal Examination in the ERSPC Risk Calculators
Authors: Monique J. Roobol, Heidi A. van Vugt, Stacy Loeb, Xiaoye Zhu, Meelan Bul, Chris H. Bangma, Arno G.L.J.H. van Leenders, Ewout W. Steyerberg, Fritz H. Schröder
Journal: European Urology (2011)
Prediction of rodent carcinogenicity for 30 chemicals.
Authors: J Ashby
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Predictions of carcinogenic activity are made for 30 chemicals currently being assessed for rodent carcinogenicity by the U.S. National Toxicology Program. The predictions are based upon the chemical structure, the anticipated or reported mutagenicity, and the reported sub-chronic toxicity of each chemical. It is predicted that 13 chemicals will be noncarcinogenic to rodents, that 7 will be genotoxic carcinogens, and that 10 may show some evidence of presumed nongenotoxic rodent carcinogenesis.
THE EXTENT OF THE RETENTION OF INGESTED ALUMINUM
Authors: E. W. SCHWARTZE
Journal: JAMA (1933)

This paper is one of a series<sup>1</sup>on the hygienic aspects of aluminum cooking utensils. It deals with the extent to which aluminum is stored in the tissues under conditions of a varied alimentary supply of soluble aluminum salts. The study of the elimination and the retention of aluminum is of importance, first, because aluminum is almost universally present in foodstuffs; secondly, because the metal is used extensively for the manufacture of cooking utensils and food containers; and, thirdly, because the data on the distribution of aluminum after feeding aluminum salts are of value in the elucidation of the absorption, retention and elimination of other metals. In addition to its natural occurrence, aluminum may enter foodstuffs by contact with the metal or by the addition of salts of aluminum. The extent to which aluminum enters foods cooked in aluminum utensils has been shown elsewhere<sup>1g</sup>to be extremely small,
Health experts brief US congressional staff members on ways to reduce chronic disease
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2011)

US companies are beginning to look at local rates of obesity when they consider where to locate and expand their business activities. They use the data as a marker for future medical costs they might incur, said James Marks, a senior vice president with the charity the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. 

Treating chronic diseases consumes an estimated 75% of all US healthcare spending.

Dr Marks was speaking at a briefing on Capitol Hill on 10 June aimed at educating congressional staff members on the connections between non-medical policies and chronic disease. He noted that, for the first time, US healthcare reform legislation passed in 2010 included prevention and non-medical interventions in a meaningful way.

“No set of …
CYCLIC CHANGES IN ORAL SMEARS FROM YOUNG MENSTRUATING WOMEN
Authors: D. M. G. MAIN, G. M. RITCHIE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1967)

Journal Article CYCLIC CHANGES IN ORAL SMEARS FROM YOUNG MENSTRUATING WOMEN Get access D. M. G. MAIN, B.D.S., D. M. G. MAIN, B.D.S. Lecturer in Oral Pathology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. M. RITCHIE, L.D.S.R.C.S. G. M. RITCHIE, L.D.S.R.C.S. Senior Lecturer in Prosthetics, University College Hospital Dental School, Mortimer Market, London, W.C.I Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 79, Issue 1, 1 January 1967, Pages 20–30, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1967.tb11393.x Published: 01 January 1967
THE RELATION OF THE DICK TEST TO SCARLET FEVER
Authors: CHARLES F. BRANCH
Journal: JAMA (1924)

G. F. and G. H. Dick<sup>1</sup>recently reported the results obtained by them from the use of a specific streptococcus filtrate in an intradermal test for immunity against scarlet fever. Our purpose in this paper is to present the data accumulated in our series of cases using the same streptococcus filtrate. Through the courtesy of the Dicks, a small quantity of their original W filtrate, diluted 1:1,000, was obtained and used in our experiments. The filtrate, as we understand it, is from a hemolytic streptococcus isolated in pure culture from a case of scarlet fever. Our experiments, with those of the Dicks, give a series of only 301 cases; but the results are so strikingly similar, yet done under such varied circumstances, that one series checks the other very well. In making these tests and in reading them, we observed the technic and standards adopted by the Dicks. The
Children s cardiac surgery deaths were preventable
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2000)

At least five of 12 deaths among babies undergoing cardiac surgery in a hospital in Winnipeg, Manitoba, in 1994 were preventable and several more were “possibly preventable,” an inquest report has concluded. In most cases parents were not given enough information to enable them to give fully informed consent to the operations.

Associate chief of the Provincial Court, Justice Murray Sinclair, who presided over the inquest—one of Canada's lengthiest—said that the paediatric cardiac surgery programme at the Winnipeg Health Sciences Centre was “placed in the hands of a relatively inexperienced cardiologist …
Pathogenesis and Prognosis of Prematurity
Authors: Mark Abramowicz, Edward H. Kass
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

Cerebral PalsyThe frequent association between prematurity and cerebral palsy has been known since Little's classic monograph in 1861. Thirty-two years later Sigmund Freud, then primarily interested in neurology, suggested that since cerebral palsy does not develop in all premature infants, perhaps some unknown process produced both prematurity and cerebral palsy. Seventy-two years later there is still no evidence to refute this hypothesis.The incidence of cerebral palsy is 5.9 per 1000 live births in the United States and 1.9 per 1000 in Norway. Differences in reporting and criteria for diagnosis could be partly responsible for this discrepancy, but European . . .
European drug agency is exempting too many firms from testing drugs in children, cancer experts say
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Children with cancer are being denied access to new drugs because of the way European Union rules are interpreted, say UK cancer specialists.

Under regulations that came into force in 2007, drug companies are obliged to submit plans to test new products in children aged under 18, with the aim of improving the treatments available to children. But they can apply for a waiver that exempts them from this requirement. Critics, including the University of London’s Institute of Cancer Research, have said that the good intentions of the regulations were being undermined by the granting of too many waivers, even in cases where there were grounds for believing that …
Abdominal Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients With Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer as Shown by PET/CT
Authors: Savaş Karyagar, Zehra Pinar Koc, Sevda S. Karyagar, İbrahim Öztürk, Ercüment Cengiz, Yasin Sayc, Tansel Ansal Balci
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

The aim of this study is to investigate the frequency and the spread of abdominal lymph node metastasis in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by (18)F-FDG PET/CT.Retrospective evaluation of the (18)F-FDG PET/CT examinations of 1191 patients diagnosed with NSCLC was performed. The metastatic abdominal lymph nodes of the patients were classified as inside the routine imaging field (covering the field of chest CT including adrenal glands) and outside the field.Seventy-four patients (6 F, 68 M; mean: 61 ± 11 years old) among 1191 patients (6%) were identified to have abdominal lymph node metastases. These abdominal lymph node metastasis changed management in 10 out of 74 patients (14%), and there were lymph node metastases outside the routine conventional imaging field in 43 (58%) patients.(18)F-FDG PET/CT provided identification of the distant metastatic lymph nodes out of conventional imaging field in more than half of NSCLC patients with abdominal metastasis which changed patient management in 14% of the patients due to abdominal lymph node metastasis outside the routine imaging field. This study shows the necessity of imaging NSCLC patients with an imaging protocol with larger imaging field like PET/CT.
You Don't Have to Be a Neuroscientist to Forget Everything With Triazolam—But It Helps
Authors: William J. Elliott
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.  —The report by Morris and Estes 1 concerning the use of triazolam to minimize jet lag cautions travelers about even moderate ethanol intake to avoid transient global amnesia. I have recently encountered two cases of cognitive dysfunction associated with triazolam taken during long airplane flights, the first of which was complicated by more dramatic symptoms than transient global amnesia.  Report of Cases  Case 1.  —A 72-year-old woman returned to New Zealand from Hawaii with her daughter and son-in-law on a 91/2-hour nonstop flight. Her medical history included mild Parkinson's disease, for which she took a combination of 25 mg of carbidopa and 100 mg of levodopa three times daily. Thirty minutes before takeoff (1 AM Hawaii time) she was given 0.5mg of triazolam. She had eaten dinner with her family (but abstained from alcohol) four hours earlier, at which time she took her usual medication. She was
886. An Adenovirus Vector with a Chimeric Fiber Derived from Ovine Adenovirus for Novel Tropism Discovery
Authors: Masaharu Nakayama, Joel N. Glasgow, Gerald W. Both, Massimo Palmarini, Yuko Tsuruta, Kenzaburo Tani, Joanne T. Douglas, David T. Curiel
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Gene therapy vectors based on human adenovirus (Ad) serotypes 2 and 5 continue to show increasing promise as gene therapy delivery vehicles, particularly in the context of cancer gene therapy. However, many clinically important tissues are refractory to Ad5 infection, including numerous cancer tissue types, due to reduced levels of the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR). Thus, development of novel Ad vectors demonstrating CAR-independent tropism may lead directly to therapeutic gain. Ovine adenovirus type 7, isolate 287 (OAdV7-287), has recently been described as the prototype of the new genus Atadenovirus, which contains several animal Ads. OAd287 encodes a fiber molecule containing 25 repeating units, and has a unique C-terminal knob domain of 121 amino acids. OAdV7-287 abortively infects several human, rodent and rabbit cell lines in vitro, and efficiently transduces human cells in vitro. Unlike Ad5, however, systemically administered OAd-based vectors do not predominately localize to the liver in rodents, but are distributed more evenly among the major organs. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that replacement of the Ad5 fiber with the non-human OAdV7-287 fiber would result in an Ad5 vector with a novel, CAR-independent, tropism in vitro and liver |[ldquo]|detargeting|[rdquo]| in vivo. We constructed an E1-deleted, luciferase transgene Ad5 vector encoding a chimeric fiber from ovine adenovirus 7-287 that includes the Ad5 tail region (Ad5/OAdV7), utilizing fiber-switching technology established in our laboratory. Viral particles were harvested from 911 cells, purified by standard cesium chloride gradient centrifugation and yielded titers in excess of 2.7|[times]|10e12 vp/mL. Characterization of Ad5/OAdV7 vector infectivity in CAR-deficient CHO Chinese hamster ovary cells, low-CAR MCF7 human breast cancer cells, T24 human bladder cancer cells and PC-3 human prostate cancer cells showed 10-to-30 fold greater luciferase reporter gene activities versus the isogenic AdLuc1 control vector. Furthermore, competitive inhibitory knob blocking assays in high-CAR cells using Ad5 recombinant knob protein demonstrated these increases to be independent of CAR receptor binding. Herein, we have demonstrated the construction, rescue, purification, and initial infectivity characterization of a novel CAR-independent, infectivity enhanced chimeric fiber Ad vector. These data strongly suggest that our genetic xeno-fiber paradigm alters Ad vector tropism, a key gene therapy vector design principle.
67Ga-Citrate Scanning in Hypernephroma
Authors: TATSUYA MIYAMAE, MASAYASU KAN, MUTSUMI FUJIOKA, KOUICHI OKADA, YASUYUKI YOSHIKAWA, JUNICHI NISHIKAWA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

67Ga scanning was performed in 26 patients with hypernephroma (17 with only a primary lesion of hypernephroma, 4 with both primary and metastatic lesions, 2 with hypernephroma and pyelonephritis, and 3 with only a metastatic lesion after nephrectomy). In patients with primary lesions alone, the positive finding rate by 67Ga scanning was low (26%), and in metastatic lesions that by scanning was high (86%). The practical conclusions are as follows: 67Ga scanning is of littel use as a diagnostic aid in primary lesion of hypernephroma, but may be useful in case with metastases with inflammatory disease.
Treatment of sepsis with activated protein C
Authors: C J Hinds
Journal: BMJ (2001)

See also Education and debate p 923 

When uncomplicated sepsis progresses to uncontrolled systemic inflammation with evidence of organ dysfunction and impaired tissue perfusion (severe sepsis) or hypotension unresponsive to expansion of the circulating volume (septic shock), mortality is high (20%-60%).1–3

Until now attempts to improve outcome by manipulating the inflammatory response have proved disappointing and in some instances possibly harmful.4 Failure to improve outcome with anti-inflammatory strategies can be explained partly by the limitations of the trials used to assess new treatments. These include the heterogeneity of patients in multicentre studies, the wide range in the severity of their illness, co-morbidity, standardised use of concomitant therapy (especially antibiotics), the timing of treatment, the question of attributable mortality, and the choice of outcome measures. The development of successful strategies to modulate inflammation has also been hampered by our limited understanding of the complex mechanisms that regulate the inflammatory response, combined with a naive assumption that mortality can be reduced by temporarily neutralising just one component of the pro-inflammatory system.

But at last it seems that an effective treatment for some patients with severe sepsis has been identified in a recent …
Choice of blood substitutes in Chicago
Authors: V. S. Cowart
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition for the Hospitalized Patient
Authors: Alexander E. Nehme
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Therapeutic nutrition is barely in its second decade as an established medical discipline. Its intricate methodology, based on complex biochemical and physiological phenomena, makes it abstruse and somewhat unappreciated by the practitioner at large. Books on the subject are either encyclopedic in scope, aimed at the specialist, or too superficial to be of any value as a reference for the clinician. The authors of this work have succeeded where many others have failed. They have written a concise yet comprehensive text on the definitive current information on therapeutic nutrition, backed by extensive and recent references. The text is divided into ten chapters. Each is organized into subsections and has a summary and bibliography at its end. The first chapter details the consequences of malnutrition on the body as a whole and on the different organ systems. The next chapter deals with the evaluation of nutritional status, with emphasis on the
Barbiturate Withdrawal Syndrome in a Passively Addicted Infant
Authors: Werner A. Bleyer
Journal: JAMA (1972)

An infant suffered acute episodes of seizures and severe central nervous system hyperirritability during the immediate neonatal period and again at the age of four months. Both attacks developed after abrupt termination of long-term barbiturate exposure. The first followed continuous secobarbital exposure in utero, and the second occurred after separation from the mother, who for weeks had been administering high doses of secobarbital to the infant. The authors believe the patient represents the first recorded case of neonatal barbiturate withdrawal syndrome and that congenital barbiturate addiction is more common than realized.
Age-Specific Incidence and Duration of Known Diabetes: The Cremona Study
Authors: Maria Paola Garancini, Cecilia Gobbi, Antonino Errera, Alessandro Sergi, Giuseppe Gallus
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To estimate the overall and age-specific incidence of known diabetes and its total duration through prevalence data and to assess the consistency of the results by mortality analysis of the same cohort. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Two different sources were used. The first was a representative sample of 2,274 prevalent known-diabetic subjects. These data provided overall and age-specific incidence estimates by fitting a logistic model to the partial incidence rates for different diagnosis cohorts and to the disease duration. The age at diagnosis structure was built from the age-specific estimates. Prevalence data also provided total duration estimates by converting the prevalent duration-to-date structure into an incident total duration structure. The second source was 145 deceased subjects who were taken from the 6-year follow-up sample of 1,132 prevalent subjects. The age at diagnosis and estimates of total disease duration were provided for these subjects, who paralleled the characteristics of the incident cohort. RESULTS The two independent estimates of total disease duration were similar (prevalent subjects, 15.7 years; deceased subjects, 14.1 years): the average duration was 14.9 years. The ratio between prevalence and total duration yielded an independent yearly incidence estimate of 2.2 per 1,000 person-years (men, 2.0; women, 2.4), which was close to the value given by the model of 2.1 per 1,000 person-years (men, 1.9; women, 2.3). Also, the independently determined age structures overlapped, and their average was used to calculate the age-specific incidence. Incidence was negligible for individuals &amp;lt;30 years of age, and it was about 6.0 per 1,000 person-years for individuals &amp;gt;50 years of age. CONCLUSIONS This study provided reliable estimates of NIDDM age-specific incidence rates and total disease duration, data that are seldom investigated in this type of disease.
A molecular variant of angiotensinogen associated with preeclampsia
Authors: K. Ward, A. Hata, X. Jeunemaitre, C. Helin, L. Nelson, C. Namikawa, P. F. Farrington, M. Ogasawara, K. Suzumori, S. Tomoda, S. Berrebi, M. Sasaki, P. Corvol, R.P. Lifton, J.-M. Lalouel
Journal: Nature Genetics (1993)
Ileal loop carcinoma after cystectomy for bladder exstrophy.
Authors: S Shousha, J Scott, J Polak
Journal: BMJ (1978)

temperature was infused at a rate of 2-5-3 1/h.The patient was then seated on a cushioned rubber ring on a commode in a secluded, warm, and wellventilated room.The infusion was continued until the effluent started to We thank Professor James Williamson for his advice and Sister MacPherson and nursing staff for their co-operation.