tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Olfactory Impairment in Older Adults
Authors: Claire Murphy
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ContextOlder adults represent the fastest-growing segment of the US population, and prevalences of vision and hearing impairment have been extensively evaluated. However, despite the importance of sense of smell for nutrition and safety, the prevalence of olfactory impairment in older US adults has not been studied.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of olfactory impairment in older adults.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA total of 2491 Beaver Dam, Wis, residents aged 53 to 97 years participating in the 5-year follow-up examination (1998-2000) for the Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study, a population-based, cross-sectional study.Main Outcome MeasuresOlfactory impairment, assessed by the San Diego Odor Identification Test and self-report.ResultsThe mean (SD) prevalence of impaired olfaction was 24.5% (1.7%). The prevalence increased with age; 62.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 57.4%-67.7%) of 80- to 97-year-olds had olfactory impairment. Olfactory impairment was more prevalent among men (adjusted prevalence ratio, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.65-2.19). Current smoking, stroke, epilepsy, and nasal congestion or upper respiratory tract infection were also associated with increased prevalence of olfactory impairment. Self-reported olfactory impairment was low (9.5%) and this measure became less accurate with age. In the oldest group, aged 80 to 97 years, sensitivity of self-report was 12% for women and 18% for men.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that prevalence of olfactory impairment among older adults is high and increases with age. Self-report significantly underestimated prevalence rates obtained by olfaction testing. Physicians and caregivers should be particularly alert to the potential for olfactory impairment in the elderly population.
Nitric oxide regulates the expression of vasoconstrictors and growth factors by vascular endothelium under both normoxia and hypoxia.
Authors: S Kourembanas, L P McQuillan, G K Leung, D V Faller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The mechanisms by which hypoxia causes vasoconstriction in vivo are not known. Accumulating evidence implicates the endothelium as a key regulator of vascular tone. Hypoxia induces the expression and secretion of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor in cultured human endothelial cells. We report here that nitric oxide (NO), an endothelial-derived relaxing factor, modifies this induction of ET-1. Whereas low oxygen tension (PO2 = 20-30 Torr) increases ET-1 expression four- to eightfold above that seen at normal oxygen tension (PO2 = 150 Torr), sodium nitroprusside, which releases NO, suppresses this effect. This inhibition of hypoxia-induced ET-1 expression occurs within the first hour of exposure of cells to sodium nitroprusside. Moreover, when the endogenous constitutive levels of NO made by endothelial cells are suppressed using N-omega-nitro-L-arginine, a potent competitive inhibitor of NO synthase, the baseline levels of ET-1 produced in normoxic environments are increased three- to fourfold. The effects of hypoxia and the NO synthase inhibitor on ET-1 expression are additive. The regulation of ET-1 production by NO appears to be at the level of transcription. Similar effects of NO were observed on the expression of the PDGF-B chain gene. PDGF-B expression was suppressed by NO in a hypoxic environment and induced by N-omega-nitro-L-arginine in both normoxic and hypoxic environments. These findings suggest that in addition to its role as a vasodilator, NO may also influence vascular tone via the regulated reciprocal production of ET-1 and PDGF-B in the vasculature.
IGF2BP2/IMP2-Deficient Mice Resist Obesity through Enhanced Translation of Ucp1 mRNA and Other mRNAs Encoding Mitochondrial Proteins
Authors: Ning Dai, Liping Zhao, Diedra Wrighting, Dana Krämer, Amit Majithia, Yanqun Wang, Valentin Cracan, Diego Borges-Rivera, Vamsi K. Mootha, Matthias Nahrendorf, David R. Thorburn, Liliana Minichiello, David Altshuler, Joseph Avruch
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2015)
Colchicine in acute gout: Optimal dose of colchicine is still elusive
Authors: A. R Cox
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Morris et al discussed the use of low dose colchicine in gout.1 The treatment dose of colchicine, which has remained at 1 mg initially, followed by 500 μg every 2-3 hours for many years, should be reviewed. However, they are incorrect to …
IL-23 promotes CD4+ T cells to produce IL-17 in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease
Authors: Wei Chi, Peizeng Yang, Bing Li, Changyou Wu, Haoli Jin, Xuefei Zhu, Lina Chen, Hongyan Zhou, Xiangkun Huang, Aize Kijlstra
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
A CASE OF GANGLIO-NEUROMA OF THE SYMPATHETIC
Authors: D. R. Adams
Journal: BMJ (1916)

rMAY 5, !91d examination of a catheter specimen of urine.Nothing could be made out in any of the other viscera, the heart aind lungs were normal, anid( the spleen was not enlarged.The next day (January 1st) the patient was rather drowsy, incontinenice of urinie was presenit, aind a specimen, on staniding, showed quite an appreciable deposit of pus.The patient's condition remained much about the same until January 6th, on whichl (late bla(dder control was regaine(d although frequelncy of micturitioil continued alnd pus was still preselt in the urine.There was some diarrhoea oI Januarv 5th
Press: All gloss and noise
Authors: G. Battle
Journal: BMJ (2000)

On 29 June the BMA conference passed a historic motion of no confidence in the General Medical Council, the regulatory authority of its own profession. The GMC had been “shamed,” said the Times , and the Guardian suggested that the government had been handed a “trump card” to abolish the GMC altogether (30 June).

This may well be the mortal blow to an organisation already reeling from a sustained attack from both the media and the broader public. How is the GMC fighting back?

Its latest effort to do so is a sorry dumbing down of its newsletter, GMC News , out this month. Glossier and noisier than its predecessor, it proclaims its key messages in letters …
Diseases, Dichotomies, and Detail Men
Authors: JOSEPH D. SAPIRA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

Editorials1 February 1973Diseases, Dichotomies, and Detail MenJOSEPH D. SAPIRA, M.D.JOSEPH D. SAPIRA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-78-2-293 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptOne of the most powerful tools of the contemporary physician is the concept of disease. Most of our education and practice is concerned with disease-oriented dichotomization: the patient either has or does not have a given disease. Diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment are all determined by a correct disease-oriented dichotomization. In fact, the demonstrated power of disease-oriented dichotomization is so great that it appears currently to have generated two undesirable side effects: we tend to be so disease-oriented that sometimes we forget also to be patient-oriented; and sometimes we tend to dichotomizeinappropriatelyand produce artificial conceptual dichotomies where none really...References1. JAFFE J: Narcotic analgesics, in The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 4th ed., edited by GOODMAN LS, GILMAN A. New York, The Macmillan Co., 1970, pp. 237-275 Google Scholar2. HASEK J: The Good Soldier Schweik, New American Library Edition. New York, The New American Library of World Literature, Inc., 1963, p. 40 Google Scholar3. GOODMANGILMAN LA (editors): Narcotic analgesics, in The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 2nd ed. New York, The Macmillan Co., 1958, p. 260 (Table 12). Google Scholar4. RASORCRECRAFT RH: Addiction to meperidine (Demerol) hydrochloride. JAMA 157:654-657, 1955 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Competitive Problems in the Drug Industry. Hearings before the Sub-committee on Monopoly of the Select Committee on Small Business. 91st Congress, 2nd session, part 14, pp. 5751, 5775 Google Scholar6. Drug Safety. Hearings before the Intergovernmental Relations Sub-committee of the House Committee on Government Operations. 98th Congress, 2nd session, part 5, pp. 1996, 2039 Google Scholar7. : Advertising of Proprietary Medicines. Hearings before the Subcommittee on Monopoly of the Select Committee on Small Business. 92nd Congress, 1st session, 1971, part II, p. 451 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Departments of Psychiatry and Medicine University of Alabama in Birmingham Birmingham, Ala. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1973Volume 78, Issue 2Page: 293-296 Issue Published: 1 February 1973 PDF DownloadLoading ...
UVB phototherapy and photochemotherapy (PUVA) in the treatment of polymorphic light eruption and solar urticaria
Authors: H.A. ADDO, S.C. SHARMA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Forty subjects (36 with polymorphic light eruption and four with solar urticaria) were treated during the spring and early summer of the years 1982 to 1985 with either UVB phototherapy (a total of 54 treatment courses in subjects with polymorphic light eruption) or photochemotherapy (PUVA) (18 treatment courses in polymorphic light eruption and eight in solar urticaria patients). Both forms of prophylactic therapy were found to be effective in 90%, of those with polymorphic light eruption, and PUVA in all those with solar urticaria. The optimum duration of treatment was 5 weeks. Adverse reactions, although common, were usually slight and rarely required alteration of the treatment regimen.
Handbook of Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy Cytology
Authors: Denise Hidvegi
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The second edition of Dr Kline's book is composed of 15 chapters, five of which are by other contributors. The first and second chapters deal with general considerations and techniques. Imaging modalities are the subject of the third chapter, by Drs S. K. Teplick and P. K. Haskin. This very sophisticated chapter is easy to read and contains a large amount of information abstracted in a well-organized fashion. The fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh chapters describe in great detail fine-needle—aspiration biopsy of superficial masses and organs such as lymph nodes, salivary glands, the thyroid gland, and the breast. All these chapters start with some historical facts, followed by anatomy and pathophysiology of the specific organ under discussion, some brief details of aspiration technique, and limitations and complications of fine-needle—aspiration biopsy. In addition, a large number of entities that can be diagnosed by the procedure are described in detail with respective
Prostaglandins and the Universal Soldier
Authors: Stephen J. Sontag
Journal: JAMA (1985)

I was walking down Paseo de la Reforma, the large avenue laid out 120 years ago by Archduke Maximilian that cuts through the center of Mexico City. It was 7 o'clock in the morning and the first installment of the 11,000 tons of daily air pollution was already visible. I was determined, however, to get some good early-morning pictures before being picked up for the press conference. The hot topic revolved around the first synthetic prostaglandins, which had just been released in Mexico. My task was rather simple and straightforward: to explain to the press in ten minutes the meaning of prostaglandins. I have never felt at ease with explanations unless  properly chosen, easily understood noun was readily available to introduce the topic of discussion. Somehow, a family of 20 carbon oxygenated fatty acids didn't seem appropriate. What about a family of hormone-like chemicals? Naturally occurring substances? Well, maybe
Contribution of SPECT/CT to the Diagnosis of a Pancreatic Tail Tumor in a Case of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
Authors: Paloma García-Talavera, Maria Luisa González, Roberto Olmos, Maria Ángeles Ruiz, Aurora Sainz, Claudia Gamazo, Antonio Gómez
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

This case highlights the significant contribution of SPECT/CT fusion to planar imaging in the somatostatin analogs scintigraphy. We report a case of a 44-year-old male patient with a multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, with a history of pituitary macroadenoma treated with surgery and radiotherapy, and parathyroidectomy for parathyroid hyperplasia. To complete the study of this entity, a 111In-pentetreotide scintigraphy was performed. In the whole-body scintigraphy, no pathologic uptake occurred, whereas the SPECT/CT study showed a focus of high uptake in a pancreatic tail tumor, located next to spleen, which prevents its proper visualization in the planar study. This finding was confirmed by abdominal contrast-enhanced CT and histopathology.
NHS is over-reliant on temporary staff, King's Fund warns
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2015)

The King’s Fund has warned that the NHS relies too much on agency staff, placing a high financial burden on organisations and risking reduced quality of care.

The healthcare think tank’s new report, Workforce Planning in the NHS ,1 said that shortages and pressures in the NHS workforce could jeopardise plans outlined in the NHS’s Five Year Forward View , launched last October.2 The King’s Fund report criticised substantial gaps in the available data on workforce numbers and on measures of demand and workload, saying that this needs to be tackled urgently.

The report analysed figures from NHS Professionals, one of the main providers of …
<i>Escherichia coli</i>O157:H7 — Piecing Together the Jigsaw Puzzle
Authors: Sarah J. O'Brien, Goutam K. Adak
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Nineteen years ago, the first report of two outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis linked with Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection was published in the Journal.1 Both outbreaks were associated with hamburger consumption, and the “burger bug” was born. In the intervening years, our understanding of the complexities of the epidemiology and ecology of this important pathogen has evolved. Another milestone is the report by Crump et al.2 in this issue of a large outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infection among visitors to a dairy farm. This outbreak, though not the first to be linked with transmission from animals and their environment . . .
ABVD versus Stanford V versus MEC in unfavourable Hodgkin's lymphoma: results of a randomised trial
Authors: T. Chisesi, M. Federico, A. Levis, G. Lambertenghi Deliliers, P.G. Gobbi, G. Santini, S. Luminari, M. Brugiatelli
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2002)
Preliminary Results of Collapse Therapy with Plombage for Pulmonary Disease Caused by Multidrug-resistant Mycobacteria
Authors: STÉPHANE JOUVESHOMME, BERTRAND DAUTZENBERG, HAYSSAM BAKDACH, JEAN-PHILIPPE DERENNE
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Seven patients underwent collapse therapy with polystyrene sphere plombage for pulmonary disease caused by multidrug-resistant mycobacteria. Four patients were infected with multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, two with Mycobacterium xenopi, one with Mycobacterium avium. All patients were heavily pretreated before surgery, had extensive, bilateral cavitary disease and were considered unsuitable for resection because of extensive disease or functional respiratory impairment. Six patients had active disease at time of surgery. Collapse therapy with insertion of six to 18 spheres resulted in long-standing bacteriological conversion in six patients. Collapse therapy was unilateral in six and bilateral in one. No immediate postoperative complication or death was observed. Hospital stay was short (mean 12 d). Collapse therapy is a conservative alternative therapy in patients with pulmonary disease caused by multidrug-resistant mycobacteria at high risk of treatment failure considered unsuitable for pulmonary resection.
Mechanisms of oncogene cooperation: activation and inactivation of a growth antagonist.
Authors: M M Ragozzino, A Kuo, J DeGregori, N Kohl, H E Ruley
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

Gene transfer experiments have defined limitations with regard to the ability of individual oncogenes to transform cultured cells to a tumorigenic state. The stable transformation of REF52 cells by either the ras or sis oncogenes requires the continuous expression of a second collaborating oncogene, such as adenovirus-5 E1A or SV40 large T-antigen. Our studies suggest that the function of the nuclear collaborators is to antagonize dominant growth controls which limit the ability of REF52 cells to proliferate in response to mitogenic stimuli.
Buttoned-up vessels
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

![Graphic][1] 

A junctional protein (red) clumps (arrows) at lymph vessel entryways but is continuous (arrowheads) in the lower collecting ducts. A study by Baluk et al. (page 

[2349][2]) reveals how the organization of junctional proteins might keep endothelial cells in lymphatic
THE DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF THE COMPLEMENT FIXATION TEST IN AMEBIC INFECTIONS
Authors: CHARLES F. CRAIG
Journal: JAMA (1930)

In July, 1927, I1called attention to the fact that alcoholic extracts of cultures ofEndameba histolytica, the cause of amebic dysentery, possessed marked complement-binding power when used as an antigen in complement fixation tests of individuals infected with this parasite. In January, 1928,2and again in July, 1928,3I published papers giving the results of this complement fixation test, and, in September, 1929,4a paper giving the technic and the results of the test up to July, 1929.  It is my purpose in this paper to give the results obtained with this complement fixation test to March 30, 1930, together with a discussion of its value in the diagnosis of infections withEndameba histolytica, based on my experience with it over a period of nearly three years.  TECHNIC  The exact technic of the test has been described in one of the publications4referred to,
Novel differential gene expression in human cirrhosis detected by suppression subtractive hybridization
Authors: Nicholas A. Shackel, Peter H. McGuinness, Catherine A. Abbott, Mark D. Gorrell, Geoffrey W. McCaughan
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Pathogenic molecular pathways in cirrhotic liver diseases such as hepatitis C virus (HCV), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) are poorly characterized. Differentially expressed genes are often important in disease pathogenesis. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) is a genome-wide approach that enriches for differentially expressed mRNA transcripts. We aimed to make novel observations of differential gene expression in cirrhosis using SSH combined with quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Liver transcriptomes in HCV cirrhosis, AIH cirrhosis, PBC, and nondiseased liver tissue were examined by SSH. Resulting complementary DNA (cDNA) clones were rescreened for differential expression by dot-blot hybridization and then sequenced. Selected gene expression was quantified by real-time RT-PCR. Following SSH, 694 clones were rescreened for differential gene expression, of which 145 were sequenced and found to derive from 89 different genes. Seven clones were homologous only with expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences encoding genes having no known function. Up-regulated expression of four genes was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR: transmembrane 4 superfamily member 3 (tetraspanin CO-029) in all forms of cirrhosis, hedgehog interacting protein (HIP) in AIH cirrhosis and chitinase 3-like-1 (HC gp-39 or ykl-40) and arginine-glutamic acid repeat (RERE) in HCV cirrhosis. RERE gene polymorphisms and splice variants were observed in all tissues examined. Tetraspanin CO-029 up-regulation was primarily localized to bile ductular cells. In conclusion, novel observations of differential gene expression in human cirrhosis were made using SSH as the primary discovery tool. In particular, further studies of the RERE gene and its products in HCV associated liver disease are warranted.
Grounding quantum probability in psychological mechanism
Authors: Bradley C. Love
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2013)

Abstract Pothos &amp; Busemeyer (P&amp;B) provide a compelling case that quantum probability (QP) theory is a better match to human judgment than is classical probability (CP) theory. However, any theory (QP, CP, or other) phrased solely at the computational level runs the risk of being underconstrained. One suggestion is to ground QP accounts in mechanism, to leverage a wide range of process-level data.
A piece of my mind. When Tom died
Authors: R. W. Marion
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The Tom who finally died in May wasn't anything like the Tom I had gotten to know during my first rotation on Floating 5. Back in September, my internship was still fresh; I hadn't done much suffering and neither had Tom. He had come in near the end of the month, a slightly pale but healthy-looking teenager; he had been losing weight, feeling run down, and complaining of bone pain. His mother finally took him to the family physician the day his gums bled as he brushed his teeth. His leukemia was diagnosed that day. I was just getting to know Tom when September ended and I had to move on to the next rotation. I felt bad for him; he was a nice kid but his prognosis was terrible. I promised to visit him when I got the chance, but things got pretty busy and by the middle of
Restoration of atrial mechanical function after maze operation: Is it affected by the same factors as the restoration of sinus rhythm?
Authors: Yong-Jin Kim, Dae-Won Sohn, Young-Bae Park, Yun-Shik Choi, Jung-Don Seo, Young-Woo Lee, Ki-Bong Kim, Joon-Ryang Rho
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
The Chemokine Receptor CX3CR1 Is Involved in the Neural Tropism and Malignant Behavior of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Federica Marchesi, Lorenzo Piemonti, Giuseppe Fedele, Annarita Destro, Massimo Roncalli, Luca Albarello, Claudio Doglioni, Achille Anselmo, Andrea Doni, Paolo Bianchi, Luigi Laghi, Alberto Malesci, Luigi Cervo, MariaLuisa Malosio, Michele Reni, Alessandro Zerbi, Valerio Di Carlo, Alberto Mantovani, Paola Allavena
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Tumor perineural dissemination is a hallmark of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and represents a major source of local tumor recurrence after surgery. In this study, we provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 may be involved in the neurotropism of PDAC cells to local peripheral nerves. Neoplastic cells from PDAC cell lines and surgical specimens express the chemokine receptor CX3CR1, absent in normal pancreatic ducts. Its unique ligand, the transmembrane chemokine CX3CL1, is expressed by neurons and nerve fibers. CX3CR1 + PDAC cell lines migrated in response to human recombinant CX3CL1 and specifically adhered to CX3CL1-expressing cells of neural origin via mechanisms involving activation of G proteins, β1 integrins, and focal adhesion kinase. In vivo experiments with transplanted PDAC showed that only CX3CR1-transfected tumor cells infiltrated the local peripheral nerves. Immunohistochemistry of CX3CR1 in PDAC specimens revealed that 90% of the samples were positive with a heterogeneous pattern of expression. High receptor score was significantly associated with more prominent tumor perineural infiltration evaluated histologically (P = 0.026). Regression analyses (univariate and multivariate) showed that high CX3CR1 expression and perineural invasion were strongly associated with local and earlier tumor recurrence (P = 0.007). Collectively, this study shows that the CX3CR1 receptor may be involved in PDAC tumor neurotropism and is a relevant and independent risk factor to predict an early local tumor relapse in resected patients. Thus, the CX3CR1-CX3CL1 axis could represent a valuable therapeutic target to prevent tumor perineural dissemination in pancreatic cancer. [Cancer Res 2008;68(21):9060–9]