tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON ISO-AGGLUTININS IN THE BLOOD OF THE NEW-BORN
Authors: BRUNO DE BIASI
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Transfusion of blood has become such a specific curative measure in hemorrhagic disease of the new-born and in traumatic or accidental hemorrhages in the new-born occurring during delivery that the practical application of this work will become evident at once. Some observers have stated that iso-agglutinins and isohemolysins are not present in the blood of the new-born and, hence it is unnecessary to test for compatibility of the bloods when the mother acts as donor for her offspring. On the other hand, others assert that both iso-agglutinins and isohemolysins are present in the blood of the new-born, even in that of premature infants, before birth, and that transfusion without compatibility tests may prove disastrous. The latter opinion is the one prevailing. It is on account of this variation in opinions that the present study attempts to verify either contention. One hundred mothers and their respective new-born babies were grouped (Moss'
A new noninvasive method of diagnosing vasospastic angina based on dilation response of the left main coronary artery to nitroglycerin as measured by echocardiography
Authors: Hisaki Morita, Koji Ohmori, Tetsuko Matsuyama, Katsufumi Mizushige, Hirohide Matsuo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Venous thromboprophylaxis in UK medical inpatients
Authors: J. R H Scurr
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2005)

Can telemedicine reverse the brain drain?Drs Dodani and LaPorte in their article on brain drain (November 2005 JRSM 1 ) alluded to telemedicine as a tool for doctors in developed countries to 'work' with patients in developing countries, and establish educational cooperation with centres there.Clinical process outsourcing (CPO) is a new phenomenon that can potentially reverse the brain drain.Like the booming business process outsourcing sector, CPO involves a specific procedure being transferred out of a developed country to be performed at a significantly lower cost elsewhere without compromising quality.An excellent example is tele-radiology, wherein X-rays, computerized tomography scans or magnetic resonance images are emailed from a hospital in a developed country.This allows a USA/UK board-certified radiologist living in a developing country to view and report the films.The hospital receives accurate advice around the clock, with a consequent increase in productivity.Currently more than 600 USA hospitals utilize services provided by an Australian radiology company. 2 In addition to cutting the burgeoning healthcare costs in the West, this situation enhances efficiency, reduces waiting times and may be worth considering in the NHS.The need for foreign-trained doctors living in developing countries is bound to grow, helping them reduce the wage differential between the countries of their training and origin.This is an option worth considering for doctors wishing to return home after training abroad.However, time will tell whether this trend can be extended to the entire spectrum of medical services.
Medicines supply in Africa
Authors: Jonathan D Quick, Nana-Adjoa Boohene, James Rankin, Romuald J Mbwasi
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Should improve through regional collaborations and accredited drug shops 

L ack of access to medicines each year contributes to millions of deaths and untold suffering in Africa. HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria—all treatable with existing medicines—kill an estimated 6 million people every year, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa.1 The burden falls mainly on the poor, women, and especially children.2

Over the past three decades, African governments have worked to provide medicines to populations with growing health needs. During that period the World Health Organization has advocated increasing access to medicines3–5; the World Bank has pushed for reforms in the health sector; and Unicef has launched the 1987 Bamako Initiative, meant to improve communities' access to pharmaceuticals. Despite these efforts, WHO estimates that roughly 270 million people in Africa—nearly half the population—lack regular access to even the most essential medicines.6

Poverty, diverse geography, and social upheaval all contribute to …
Chromatin boundaries require functional collaboration between the hSET1 and NURF complexes
Authors: Xingguo Li, Shaohua Wang, Ying Li, Changwang Deng, Laurie A. Steiner, Hua Xiao, Carl Wu, Jörg Bungert, Patrick G. Gallagher, Gary Felsenfeld, Yi Qiu, Suming Huang
Journal: Blood (2011)
Characterization Studies on the Cadmium-Binding Proteins from Two Species of New Zealand Oysters
Authors: Monica Nordberg, Iris Nuottaniemi, M. George Cherian, Gunnar F. Nordberg, Tord Kjellstrom, Justine S. Garvey
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

Two different types of New Zealand oysters-Ostrea lutaria (OL) and Crassostrea glomrerata (CG)-contained different concentrations of zinc, copper, and cadmium.OL oysters had 5.3 pug Cd/g, 3.4 ,ug Cu/g, 100 ,ug Zn/ g; CG oysters had 1.4 pug Cd/g and 936 ,ug Zn/g.Both kinds of oysters were shown by gel filtration (G-75) to contain cadmium and zinc in fractions corresponding to a high molecular weight protein (corresponding to the size of albumin or larger) which was heat labile.OL oysters contained cadmium in fractions corre- sponding to a molecular weight of approximately 6500.The cadmium-binding protein in these fractions was heat-stable.This protein contained no detectable amounts of zinc and was not present in the CG oysters.Further purification by gel filtration (G-50) was performed to obtain a purer protein fraction.Isoelectric focusing of the protein obtained by G-50 filtration showed one main fraction of protein with a pl -5.9 at -13°C.CG oysters contained cadmium and zinc in a polypeptide with low molecular weight (MW 1000).The cadmium-binding oyster proteins are minimally reactive in a competitive binding radioimmunoassay in comparison to the reactivity of a typical vertebrate metallothionein; the proteins may be metallothioneins, but, if so, they do not exhibit the principal determinants characteristic of vertebrate metallothioneins.
Chronic bird fancier's lung: histopathological and clinical correlation. An application of the 2002 ATS/ERS consensus classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias
Authors: Y Ohtani
Journal: Thorax (2005)

<b>Background:</b> Chronic bird fancier’s lung (BFL) has often been misdiagnosed as one of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs). <b>Methods:</b> To define the clinical and pathological characteristics of chronic BFL, 26 patients with chronic BFL from whom a surgical lung biopsy specimen was taken between October 1992 and June 2001 were evaluated. The histopathological characteristics of the surgical lung biopsy specimens were examined and correlations between the histopathology and clinical characteristics were analysed. The quality of chronic inflammatory and fibrotic changes was expressed according to the 2002 ATS/ERS consensus classification of IIPs. <b>Results:</b> Two patients were diagnosed as having bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia (BOOP)-like lesions, five as having cellular non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP)-like lesions, and eight as having fibrotic NSIP-like lesions. The other 11 patients were considered to have usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP)-like lesions because of the temporal heterogeneous appearances of the fibrotic changes. However, fibrosis in these patients had developed in centrilobular as well as perilobular areas, suggestive of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Nineteen patients (73.1%) had multinucleated giant cells, often with cholesterol clefts, while only five patients (19.2%) had granulomas. Patients with BOOP-like or cellular NSIP-like lesions tended to have recurrent acute episodes, whereas patients with UIP-like lesions had an insidious onset. Patients with BOOP-like or cellular NSIP-like lesions had a more favourable outcome than those with fibrotic NSIP-like and UIP-like lesions. <b>Conclusions:</b> The qualities of chronic inflammatory and fibrotic lesions vary significantly among patients with chronic BFL but correlate with clinical features and prognosis.
CELIOTOMY FOR PUERPERAL SEPTICEMIA AND FOR PUERPERAL INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS.
Authors: CHARLES P. NOBLE
Journal: JAMA (1895)

The conditions under which it is desirable to perform an abdominal section in the treatment of the septic and inflammatory complications of the puerperal state are as yet not definitely determined. The problems involved are now pressing for solution, and the subject is receiving serious consideration by many members of the profession. So long as it continues to be a fact, that large numbers of women annually lose their lives from puerperal septicemia, this subject must be studied by the obstetrician and gynecologist, until the prevention and cure of puerperal septicemia are placed upon a thoroughly satisfactory basis. This paper has been prepared upon the invitation of our President, to serve as an introduction to the general discussion of the problems involved. As I have recently discussed this subject upon two occasions, my remarks will be based upon the papers referred to.<sup>1</sup> Cases of puerperal sepsis and of puerperal
Macular amyloidosis simulating naevoid hyperpigmentation
Authors: MARTIN M. BLACK, HOWARD I. MAIBACH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2006)

A 17-year-old female is described who presented with an unusual form of macular amyloidosis which closely simulated naevoid hyperpigmentation. Electron microscopy was necessary to provide specific identification of the sparse deposits of amyloid.
Economics Is Everybody's Business
Authors: Don Riesenberg
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Diagnosis related groups are 6 years old; Canada's health care system is alternately blessed and cursed; the relative value of cognitive and procedural services sits at the brink. We hardly need to call readers' attention to any<i>JAMA</i>article on economics. However, in this issue ofThe JournalEisenberg<sup>1</sup>offers a primer on clinical economics that deserves brief comment. Today, there are compelling reasons for physicians to understand more of the "dismal science." Clinicians wonder how adopting a new therapy changes cost vs outcome, investigators seek promising research questions in the face of funding restrictions, and administrators puzzle over which organizational model protects the bottom line while maintaining proper patient care. The solutions to these problems affect not only our patients and us, but payers and society as well. Obviously each party takes a somewhat different view. Eisenberg,<sup>1</sup>in showing how the tools of economic analysis can help
Penicillin Sensitivity of Staphylococci
Authors: Eric Reiss, Edwin J. Pulaski, William H. Amspacher, Anthony A. Contreras
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

A SIGNIFICANT increase in penicillin resistance of Staphylococcus aureus has been reported from medical centers in this country and abroad.1 2 3 4 5 In several instances the number of penicillin-resistant strains of S. aureus was recorded as greater than 50 per cent. This trend has been generally attributed to hospital infection from carriers of penicillin-resistant organisms and to the emergence of drug-fast strains in unhealed lesions following penicillin therapy.Sherris and Florey have suggested that there is a close correlation between clinical manifestations of staphylococcal lesions and penicillin sensitivity of the infecting organisms.6 , 7 They found that acute, closed infections and deep-seated infections, acute . . .
873-3 Pulse pressure is the best predictor of cardiovascular mortality in 12,763 middle-aged men of the seven countries study: 25-Year follow-up
Authors: Demosthenes B Panagiotakos, Christos Pitsavos, Christina Chrysohoou, Anastasios Dontas, Alessandro Menotti, Henry Blackburn, Daan Kromhout
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
878. Toward ‘Pseudotyping’ Adenovirus Vectors: Efficient Generation of pIX-Expressing Helper Cell Lines
Authors: Rob C. Hoeben, Taco G. Uil, Jeroen De Vrij, Leif Lindholm, Jort Vellinga
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Specificity of gene delivery is a key prerequisite for gene therapy. We have previously demonstrated that modification of the minor capsid protein IX (pIX) can be used to modify cell type specificity of human adenovirus type-5 (HAdV-5) particles. The 14.3 kDa hexon-associated pIX is strongly conserved between the different members of the mastadenoviruses. Protein IX is believed to function as a capsid cement by linking the hexons in groups-of-nine (GONs). Although viruses lacking pIX do not form GONs, and are less heat-stable than wild-type viruses, they can be propagated with the same kinetics and yields as the wild-type viruses. Deletion mutants lacking (parts of) the conserved N-terminal domain are not incorporated into the virion, implicating this domain in capsid formation. In contrast, pIX molecules with mutations in other conserved domains (i.e. the central alanine stretch, and the putative leucine-zipper domain) are efficiently incorporated into virions. The carboxyl terminal domain contains the putative leucine-zipper domain that may be responsible for trimerization via the formation of a coiled-coil structure. Mutants in this region are efficiently incorporated into the capsid, suggesting that trimerization is not essential for capsid formation. Further analysis of these mutants revealed that deletion of the putative leucine-zipper domain does not affect capsid stabilization by pIX, demonstrating that trimerization is not necessary for the heat-stability phenotype1. To facilitate pseudotyping adenoviral vectors with pIX variants we have set up an efficient system for the generation of pIX-expressing helper cell lines. With an optimized pIX-expression cassette, we generated monoclonal and polyclonal helper cell lines that express wt as well as modified pIX genes to levels equivalent as in a wt HAdV-5 infected cells. Immune-affinity electron microscopy on viruses lacking the pIX gene demonstrated that more than 96% of the particles contain pIX protein incorporated in their capsids after propagation on the pIX-expressing helper cell lines. In addition, the pIX amounts in the helper cells are sufficient to generate heat-stable particles. Finally, the ratio between the pIX protein and other capsid proteins is identical to those found in wt particles. The cell lines are very stable: cell lines grown for two months in the absence of selection contain pIX in amounts identical to the parental line. This demonstrates that pIX is not toxic to cells. These data, together with our previous demonstration that alpha-helical spacers can be fused to pIX to expose new ligands on the outer surface of particles2, establishes that modification of pIX is feasible for pseudotyping adenovirus vectors.
Abstract 4907: Effect of arsenic trioxide on cholangiocarcinoma: Use of an in vitro test and an in vivo xenograft model
Authors: Eun Young Kim, Seon Ae Roh
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Objective: Arsenic trioxide (As2O3), an ingredient of many traditional Chinese medicines, has been shown to be active against many types of tumors. To assess whether local application of As2O3 inhibited cholangiocarcinoma development, we assayed the in vitro and in vivo effects of the chemical on human cholangiocarcinoma cancer cells of the CC-t6 line. Materials and methods: The effect of As2O3 on CC-t6 cell survival was determined using MTT assays and the mechanism of action was evaluated by flow cytometry following Annexin V-PI staining. The in vivo effect of As2O3 on tumor volume was explored using a nude mouse xenograft model. Results: In the MTT assay, As2O3 inhibited CC-t6 cells more strongly than did than cisplatin or adriamycin. As2O3 reduced CC-t6 cell proliferation via G0/G1 phase arrest and caused dose-dependent induction of apoptosis. Injection of As2O3 into CC-t6-induced tumors in nude mice inhibited the growth of subcutaneous tumor xenografts. Conclusions: As2O3 treatment dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of CC-t6 cells via G0/G1 phase arrest and retarded tumor growth in nude mice, suggesting that As2O3 may be effective in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. Keywords: arsenic trioxide (As2O3), cholangiocarcinoma, intratumoral injection, tumor xenografts Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4907. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4907
Infectivity of pneumonic plague
Authors: F. J Wright
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—Peter Cowling and Peter Moss support the view that pneumonic plague is highly infectious.1 It is certainly lethal unless treated vigorously at an early stage by antibiotics. This, however, does not prove that it is highly infectious as, say, measles or influenza is. Of the patients in an overcrowded ward during a large outbreak of plague in Kenya in the 1940s, only one certainly and one …
Slow euthanasia-or "she will be better off in hospital".
Authors: A A Baker
Journal: BMJ (1976)

In the abdomen there was a fusiform atherosclerotic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta and another of the right common iliac artery (fig 8).Both were firmly adherent to posterior structures. Summary of findingsIn summary, he had a leaking atherosclerotic aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta with a fistula into the oesophagus, massive gastrointestinal haemorrhage, and left pleural haemor- rhage.In addition, he had active pulmonary tuberculosis.He did not have evidence of myeloma; his monoclonal gammo- pathy was therefore presumably benign and related to his tuberculosis.
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide: Localization in the Human Heart
Authors: Douglas M. Ackermann, Brooks S. Edwards, Lester E. Wold, John C. Burnette
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a newly recognized hormone that has important function both in the physiologic and pathophysiologic regulation of extracellular volume. The predominant actions of ANP include (1) promotion of sodium and water excretion and an increase in glomerular filtration rate, (2) inhibition of renin secretion and aldosterone synthesis, and (3) reduction in systemic arterial pressure. The hormone is synthesized within the myocardial cells of both cardiac atria and stored in membrane-bound secretory granules located predominantly in a perinuclear position (Figure). It has long been recognized that the atria participate in both sensing and regulating intravascular volume.<sup>1</sup>In 1963, the eminent British cardiologist Dr Paul Wood<sup>2</sup>reported on the association between paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT) and polyuria. Wood described a population of patients with PAT in whom, coincident with the tachycardia, polyuria developed. The existence of a humoral agent of cardiac origin, which is capable of
Immunogenetic Factors in Preeclampsia and Eclampsia
Authors: Paavo Toivanen
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Scott et al (235:402, 1976) observed no difference in the blood groups, HLA haplotypes, or infant's sex in patients with preeclampsia or eclampsia. Their findings are based on study of 46 patients, including 28 blacks, 11 whites, and 7 Latin Americans. It might be worthwhile to point out that such a small group of ethnically diverse patients hardly allows any conclusions to be drawn on the role of immunologic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of pregnancy toxemia. We are ready to agree with the conclusion that ABO and Rh blood groups have no role, since that has been reported by several authors including us,<sup>1</sup>but we do not accept the conclusion that HLA antigens and the sex ratio of the infants would have no role. Regarding HLA antigens, further studies with larger and more homogenic groups of patients are required before any conclusions are available. Regarding the
WHAT ARE ANTITOXINS?
Authors: R. G. ECCLES
Journal: JAMA (1899)

in Octo¬ ber, 1898, occur these words1 : "The study of origins, then, is not only the new method of modern criticism, of modern history, of modern anthropology, of our read¬ ing of the evolution of the universe itself from elements which even themselves are falling under the same ana¬ lytic-inquiry, but the study of origins is leading to a revolution in our conceptions of therapeutics, as all of these other studies : a revolution which as yet we have not fully understood."Never were truer or more profound words uttered than these.The revolution to which Prof. Allbutt re¬ fers is one so momentous that but few have scanned the horizon of modern therapeutics closely enough to duly appreciate its far-reaching consequences and importance.That this fact be made clear to those present at this Section meeting, and to as many members of the Ameri¬ can Medical Association as do me the honor of read¬ ing this essay when it appears in the Journal, permit me to ask how much and what does the name "Anti¬ toxin" stand for when seen in print by the average med¬ ical man?To some, perhaps to most, progressive phy¬ sicians, it means a new kind of remedy that may or may not be better than the old and well-tried ones of the past.How man}', do you suppose, can see more than this it is as related to the destiny of our race?To the skep¬ tic it is but the shibboleth of a new therapeutic fad.He doubts its value, and quietly to himself mutters, "what fools these mortals be."To the hosts of the sectarian
Respiratory burst oxidase and three of four oxidase-related polypeptides are associated with the cytoskeleton of human neutrophils.
Authors: R C Woodman, J M Ruedi, A J Jesaitis, N Okamura, M T Quinn, R M Smith, J T Curnutte, B M Babior
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

Resting and phorbol-activated human neutrophils were separated by treatment with Triton X-100 into detergent-extractable and cytoskeleton fractions. Respiratory burst oxidase activity was restricted entirely to the cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton also contained approximately 15% of the neutrophil cytochrome b558, an oxidase-associated heme protein, as well as most of the oxidase-related cytosolic polypeptide p67phox. In contrast, the components of the oxidase-associated phosphoprotein family p47phox were found almost exclusively in the detergent extract, suggesting that p47phox is needed for oxidase activation but not for O2- production by the activated oxidase. Activation of the oxidase had no apparent effect on the distribution of any of these species between the cytoskeleton and the detergent extract. Our results support earlier studies implying that the cytoskeleton participates in an important way in regulating the activity of the O2(-)-forming respiratory burst oxidase of neutrophils.
Cholesterol Absorption and Cholesterol and Bile Acid Synthesis in Two Brothers With IDDM and Diarrhea
Authors: Helena Gylling, Tatu A Miettinen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1994)

OBJECTIVE To determine the best possible treatment for two brothers who had IDDM and bile acid malabsorption-associated disabling diarrhea that was resistant to cholestyramine, antibiotics, clonidine, loperamide, or anticholinergic drugs. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Our study paired these two brothers with control subjects. Serum noncholesterol sterols and fecal elimination of cholesterol and plant sterols were quantitated by gas-liquid chromatography. RESULTS Fecal losses of bile acids exceeded four to six times the control values, and cholesterol synthesis was increased two to three times. Cholesterol absorption efficiency and serum cholesterol concentrations were, respectively, within the high and low control range. CONCLUSIONS Bile acid malabsorption might have resulted from deranged intestinal motility, possibly contributed by gastrointestinal neuropathy, and some genetic factor.