tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A double-blind, vehicle-controlled study of clobetasol propionate 0.05% (Temovate) scalp application in the treatment of moderate to severe scalp psoriasis
Authors: Elise A. Olsen, David L. Cram, Charles N. Ellis, Janet G. Hickman, Coleman Jacobson, Evelyn E. Jenkins, Alan E. Lasser, Mark Lebwohl, Eugene Leibsohn, Roland S. Medansky, Mark I. Oestreicher, Ronald C. Savin, Richard K. Scher, Joel S. Shavin, Ronald D. Smith, Robert M. Day
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1991)
Influence of Mental Impressions on the F tus in Utero
Authors: W. J. Tubbs
Journal: BMJ (1842)

MALFORMATIONS OF FCETUS.cxception, and this should not be passed over-viz.,where such examinations have been made after reaction had taken place, and where that most fatal of all causes, cerebral congestion with consecutive fever, proved the cause of death, and where, in fact, a new disease had occurred.That the blood circulating through the liver and kidneys is altered in constitu- tion physically and chemically, canniot be denied, and is, therefore, unfit for the purposes to which, in its healthy state, it is destined, may be safely inferred.That this explanation might in itself suffice to prove the assertion made, seems apparent; but another fact, and one of paramount weight, may be added-it is, that these organs which suffer in common with all others dependent on the ganglionic system of nerves for their integrity and power of action, are still further incapacitated for the discharge of their parts in the economy by the abstraction or subversion of sulch nervous influence.This -will be further illustrated
Infectious Mononucleosis Complicated by Chronic Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Harold R. Schumacher
Journal: JAMA (1961)

INFECTIOUS mononucleosis associated with thrombocytopenia was first described by Minot 1 in 1929. Since then, numerous case reports 2,3 of this phenomenon have appeared in the medical literature. The majority of patients recovered from the complicating thrombocytopenia within 6 weeks, and none had depressed platelet counts after 6 months. It is the purpose of this article to present the first reported case of chronic thrombocytopenia secondary to infectious mononucleosis.  Report of a Case  An 18-year-old male was admitted to the U.S. Naval Hospital, Philadelphia, on June 17, 1958, because of petechiae and lymphadenopathy. Twelve days previously, while taking a shower, he noted petechiae on the dorsum of both feet and on his ankles. The next day he noted generalized atraumatic ecchymosis. These symptoms were succeeded by bilateral submandibular lymphadenopathy. The patient denied exposure to drugs or toxic chemicals. No previous history of hemorrhagic phenomena was elicited. He did not have
Injectable Chitosan‐Based Scaffolds in Regenerative Medicine and their Clinical Translatability
Authors: Mina Mekhail, Maryam Tabrizian
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Injectable scaffolds (IS) are polymeric solutions that are injected in vivo and undergo gelation in response to physiological or non‐physiological stimuli. Interest in using IS in regenerative medicine has been increasing this past decade. IS are administered in vivo using minimally invasive surgery, which reduces hospitalization time and risk of surgical wound infection. Here, chitosan is explored as an excellent candidate for developing IS. A literature search reveals that 27% of IS publications in the past decade investigated injectable chitosan scaffolds (ICS). This increasing interest in chitosan stems from its many desirable physicochemical properties. The first section of this Progress Report is a comprehensive study of all physical, chemical, and biological stimuli that have been explored to induce ICS gelation in vivo. Second, the use of ICS is investigated in four major regenerative medicine applications, namely bone, cartilage, cardiovascular, and neural regeneration. Finally, an overall critique of the ICS literature in light of clinical translatability is presented. Even though ICS have been widely explored in the literature, very few have progressed to clinical trials. The authors discuss the current barriers to moving ICS into the clinic and provide suggestions regarding what is needed to overcome those challenges.
Tumor targeting efficiency of bare nanoparticles does not mean the efficacy of loaded anticancer drugs: Importance of radionuclide imaging for optimization of highly selective tumor targeting polymeric nanoparticles with or without drug
Authors: Beom Suk Lee, Kyeongsoon Park, Sangjin Park, Gui Chul Kim, Hyo Jung Kim, Sangjoo Lee, Heeseup Kil, Seung Jun Oh, Daeyoon Chi, Kwangmeyung Kim, KuiWon Choi, Ick Chan Kwon, Sang Yoon Kim
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2010)
Stressful life events and rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: K AHO, M HELIOVAARA;, W. H JAMES
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

Stressful life events have long been supposed to act as a precipitating factor for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).1 In 1860 Fuller expressed the opinion that “...when the rheumatic poison is present in the system, any disturbing circumstance, even of temporary duration, such as overfatigue, anxiety, grief or anger, by rendering the system more susceptible of its influence, may prove the accidental or exciting cause of the disease...”.2 In modern terms, the rheumatic poison may reflect the underlying immunological process preceding RA.3 James has highlighted the stressful life events to support his contention that low androgen values are a contributory cause of RA.4 

We have studied serum testosterone …
Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma With Leukemoid Reaction
Authors: Hazem E El-Osta, William J Salyers, William Palko, Margaret E Hagan, Boutros El-Haddad, Thomas K Schulz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

IL-1, IL-3, IL-6, and IL-8), G-CSF, granulocyte macrophage colonystimulating factor, and interferon gamma. 6,7 G-CSF is the most commonly associated agent with drug-induced SS.G-CSF is known to induce stem cell proliferation; differentiation of neutrophils, and neutrophil survival 8,9 G-CSF is thus responsible for neutrophil skin accumulation and seems to show a dose-dependent effect in provoking SS. 10 Other medications associated with SS are all-trans-retinoic acid, carbamazepine, celecoxib, diazepam, diclofenac, hydralazine, levonorgestrel/ethinyl estradiol, minocycline, nitrofurantoin, propylthiouracil, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and furosemide. 11,12 In our case report there was no documented fever, but the lesions were located in the expected areas (upper extremities).What seems to be unique to our case is that the dose of prednisone required to treat her SS was much lower than the ones described in the literature (30 to 60 mg orally per day for 6 to 8 weeks 13 ) despite her extensive skin involvement.In our patient, we discontinued the G-SCF and started on low-dose of prednisone (10 mg/d); there was a dramatic improvement in her symptoms, and skin lesions almost cleared in 1 week, when the dose was changed to 5 mg/d prednisone and then 5 mg on alternate days.She received prednisone for a total of two weeks.She also received her second cycle of azacytidine, and her peripheral blood counts have been improving, so there has been no indication to use G-CSF.In case there is further need of G-CSF use, we plan to give it concurrently with oral prednisone to prevent recurrence of druginduced SS, although we know that patients may not necessarily experience SS relapse with further exposure to G-CSF. 14
Pathology of Cardiac Valves
Authors: Sheldon C. Sommers
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<b>The Pathology of the Heart,</b>by E. G. J. Olsen, ed 2; 402 pp, with illus, $79.50, Baltimore, University Park Press, 1980. <i>Pathology of Cardiac Valves</i>is a nicely printed book with many good pictures, which provides informative descriptions of floppy valves, rheumatic valvulitis, infective endocarditis, and complications of valve surgery. It is not a reference book, and those interested in tricuspid atresia,<i>Brucella</i>valvular disease, cerebral embolism complicating a floppy mitral valve, or impacted atrial myxoma will find the subjects either slighted or uncited. The last item is concealed in a figure legend and not indexed. There are fewer than ten photomicrographic figures and fewer than one fourth of the illustrations are from surgical material. This is morbid anatomy, heavy on anecdotal and authoritative opinion, light on evidence of etiology and newer morphological methods. Contradictions occur: Fig 1.4 is "opened normal aortic valve from a woman of 70 years."
Abstract P6-08-10: Cancer as self: a novel assessment of patient identity as it relates to a cancer diagnosis
Authors: KC Horst, KE Fero, K Haimovitz, CS Dweck
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Previous studies have demonstrated that an individual's attitude towards self may impact how one faces challenges. Those who view themselves as malleable (growth mindset) approach challenges and problems as a learning opportunity and an opportunity to improve and change. In contrast, those who are more fixed in their approach (fixed mindset) have difficulty with challenges or setbacks. In the present study, we applied this conceptual framework to a cohort of breast cancer patients to evaluate their attitudes towards the cancer diagnosis. The goal of this study is to test the internal validity of this questionnaire and to correlate its findings with patient-reported measures of depression, anxiety and insomnia. Methods: Twenty consecutive breast cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy completed an electronic survey consisting of 4 scales: the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS; 14 items), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI; 7 items), a validated psychological questionnaire assessing fixed versus growth mindset (8 items), and an experimental questionnaire evaluating whether the patient views their disease as self-defining. Demographic and clinical variables were also collected. A principal components factor (PCF) analysis was used to examine the internal structure of the new questionnaire. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed to assess its relationship to other variables. Results: Twenty patients completed the survey during the first week of radiotherapy. Median age was 57 (range, 31–81). Five patients (25%) had Stage 0 disease, 9 (45%) Stage I, 0 (0%) Stage II, 5 (25%) Stage III, and 1 (5%) Stage IV. Seven patients (35%) received chemotherapy while 13 (65%) did not. Eleven patients (55%) had significant others while undergoing treatment and 9 (45%) were single. The PCF analysis confirmed that the items of the experimental questionnaire were internally consistent (α = .88), such that all were retained in the final scale for subsequent analyses. The extent to which patients saw cancer as self defining was statistically significantly associated with their reported levels of depression (r = .60, p &amp;lt; .005) and anxiety (r = .60, p &amp;lt; .005). There was a similar trend with reported levels of insomnia which was not statistically significant (p = 0.2). Of the demographic and clinical variables, only stage of cancer was associated with depression and anxiety. Conclusions: Patients undergoing treatment for breast cancer who view the cancer diagnosis as self-defining are more likely to self-report depression, anxiety, and insomnia. In this cohort, the experimental questionnaire demonstrated strong internal validity. An intervention that alters patients' perception of identity as it relates to the cancer diagnosis could be a promising compliment to the standard treatment of depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-08-10.
Controlled trial of three different antismoking interventions in general practice.
Authors: K Jamrozik, M Vessey, G Fowler, N Wald, G Parker, H Van Vunakis
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Of 6052 adult patients who consulted their doctors in six Oxfordshire general practices between October 1980 and February 1981, 2110 (35%) were smokers. The smokers were allocated to one of four study groups--a control (non-intervention) group; a group that received verbal and written antismoking advice from the general practitioner; a group that received this advice and also a demonstration of exhaled carbon monoxide; and a group that received the advice plus the offer of further help from a health visitor. After one year 72% of smokers replied to a postal follow up questionnaire: 11% of the control group claimed to have stopped smoking compared with 15% in the group that received advice alone, 17% in the exhaled carbon monoxide group, and 13% in the health visitor group. Validation of these findings by assays of urinary concentrations of cotinine showed that between 24% and 40% of subjects may have misreported their smoking habits, but there was no indication that the rate of misreporting was higher in the intervention groups than in the control group. Giving advice routinely against smoking has a useful effect, and showing an immediate, personal, and potentially harmful consequence of smoking using a CO-oximeter may improve this, particularly in lower socioeconomic groups.
Atopiform dermatitis: do we need another confusing name for atopic dermatitis?
Authors: J.M. Hanifin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

The present proposal centres on a subgroup of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) with neither clinical nor laboratory evidence of IgE reactivity. Perhaps the first report of such patients came from Peterson et al. in 1964 when they described four boys with X‐linked agammaglobulinaemia, negative skin tests to over 200 allergens and clinically typical AD.1 This provided early support for the concept that IgE has little role in the pathogenesis of AD.2 In 1974, Ohman and Johansson reported other patients with normal serum IgE levels and what they described as 'pure' AD, lacking symptoms of allergic respiratory disease (ARD).3 A year later, Jones et al. described another facet: pure AD patients with elevated serum IgE but no ARD.4 In recent years, the notion that IgE might play a role was resuscitated by the introduction of the terms 'extrinsic' and 'intrinsic' AD.5 Bos' suggestion of another name is the latest in the struggle to make 'atopic' a meaningful part of a disease that has confused from the start. The misleading appellation 'atopic dermatitis' was introduced in 1935 by Wise and Sulzberger who were eager to have it included with the 'strange' diathesis Coca and Cooke had called atopy from the Greek, meaning 'without place'.6, 7 While perhaps better than preceding terms such as 'prurigo Besnier' or 'neurodermatitis', the terminology was an unfortunate choice in retrospect because it encouraged generations of research and therapy misdirected toward mast cells and IgE‐mediated skin reactions. Misnomers usually occur because of investigators' misapprehensions about aetiology. Interestingly, in recent years there has been evolving evidence, derived from cutaneous biology, that indicates that AD may be a reasonable, inclusive term after all: the defective skin barrier8 allows increased penetration of food and airborne allergens and the dendritic cells amplify specific IgE production that leads to food allergy and ARD.9–11 Thus, AD, the earliest of the atopic conditions, acts as a portal for the development of IgE‐mediated atopic manifestations.
Number 1
Authors: Harvey Blank
Journal: JAMA (1961)

For the past several years small blisters which were slow to heal appeared at the sites of trauma on the dorsum of his hands. The skin unprotected by clothing is getting darker. The patient has been a heavy drinker of whiskey. Examination of his urine in a Wood's light shows a pink rather than normal yellow fluorescence. As in some patients with porphyria cutanea tarda, his porphobilinogen is elevated. Avoidance of alcohol and barbiturates is the only important therapeutic advice known. These superficial vesicles which appeared suddenly are typical of chickenpox. The early crust in the center of the large vesicle is noteworthy. A simple method of confirming the diagnosis in the laboratory is the demonstration of multinucleate giant epithelial cells in Wright-stained smears of the cellular material from the base of the vesicle. Systemic steroids have caused fatal dissemination of the virus and are contraindicated. Marked
DERMOID CYST OF THE FLOOR OF THE MOUTH
Authors: G. Victor Boyko
Journal: JAMA (1927)

This case is presented because, first, it illustrates one of the unusual conditions that occur about the mouth and, secondly, it brings out the possibilities of uncommon diagnoses of rare pathologic conditions about the jaws—conditions that arouse the interest of the oral surgeon. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> A school girl, aged 15, with a large swelling under the tongue, stated that during a physical examination, three weeks before, attention was directed to this swelling, but that prior to this time she had not noticed anything unusual or abnormal existing in her mouth. She had not had pain or discomfort. Within the past two weeks she had noticed a rapid growth of the swelling, and for the first time she was beginning to have difficulty with speech and mastication. There was nothing in the past medical history that had any bearing on the present condition. The family history was negative.
Treatment of Traumatic Hyphema-Reply
Authors: Elton Yasuna
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> I believe that Dr Kershner's letter is constructive and informative. As Dr Kershner states, "The treatment of traumatic hyphema has always been controversial," and my response was our approach by many in this area. We have had excellent results and therefore continue to treat our patients in this way. There has been a host of reports, some confirming and some contradicting the use of steroids in traumatic hyphema. In our hands, it works well.
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in high risk adults
Authors: S. A Moberley, P. Torzillo
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Evidence of efficacy against pneumonia is still limited

Streptococcus pneumoniae continues to cause a substantial burden of disease and death in adults, despite nearly 100 years of research into disease prevention and the availability of a licensed vaccine. To date, uptake of the vaccine has generally been limited to older adults and those with chronic illness in high income countries. Coverage has been generally suboptimal, perhaps because of the continued controversy about the vaccine’s efficacy against various clinical end points and within different populations.

In the linked randomised controlled trial (doi:10.1136/bmj.c1004), Maruyama and colleagues assess the effects of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in 1006 nursing home residents in Japan.1 This is the first trial of this type for many years, and the first to show that this vaccine protects against all cause pneumonia (vaccine efficacy 44.8%, 95% confidence interval 22.4 to 60.8) and pneumococcal pneumonia (vaccine efficacy 63.8%, 32.1 to 80.7) in older adults. 

Pneumonia is the most common presentation of pneumococcal disease in adults, and it was outbreaks of pneumococcal pneumonia in …
PTU-111 Determining Ceiling Of Care In Decompensated Cirrhosis – Right Decisions, Right People, Right Time
Authors: B Hudson, H Morrison, FH Gordon, CA McCune, PL Collins, AJ Portal
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Decisions to initiate intensive care measures in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis are often controversial, with mortality approaching 90% in cirrhotics with 3 organ failure. The 2013 NCEPOD report ‘Measuring the Units’, which examined alcoholic liver disease-related deaths, nonetheless found that 31% of those who stood to benefit from higher level care did not receive it. We studied escalation of care decisions and subsequent outcomes in cirrhotic patients with organ failure. <h3>Methods</h3> Consecutive patients with a diagnosis of cirrhosis admitted over a 90 day period in 2013 to the Bristol Royal Infirmary were studied. Severity of liver disease was assessed using Childs-Pugh and UKELD. Organ failure was defined using SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) criteria. Care escalation/ withdrawal decisions were assessed in respect to timing, seniority and expertise of decision maker. Outcome measures of ICU admission, mortality and instigation of palliative care were recorded. <h3>Results</h3> 42 admissions for 37 patients (ages 16–79, 79% male, 81% related to alcohol, 22% Childs A, 54% Childs B, 24% Childs C) were scrutinised. 30% had suffered variceal haemorrhage on, or during, admission. Of 17 patients admitted in organ failure, ICU admission was requested on 8 occasions (6 by a hepatologist, 1 during out of hours admission, 1 following out of hours deterioration). Escalation plans had been discussed with ICU prior to the point of clinical deterioration in 50%. 3 patients were accepted to ICU for mechanical ventilation, of which none survived. 1 patient was accepted in principle but improved clinically. 4 patients were declined ICU admission on grounds of poor prognosis, all of whom had alcoholic cirrhosis. Of this group all required non-invasive ventilation, with 75% surviving to discharge. Across the entire cohort 55% of hepatologist led “for full escalation if required” decisions were agreed in principle with ICU. 33% of ICU decisions to withdraw care were discussed with the referring hepatologist. Of the 7 patients who died overall, 4 were on an end of life tool with appropriate palliative measures in place. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The high survival rates in patients refused intensive care, and high mortality amongst mechanically ventilated patients highlight the complexities of predicting outcomes in this population. Despite this, discussions between hepatology and ICU regarding ceiling and withdrawal of care often did not occur until the point of clinical deterioration, risking delays to esclation of care or appropriate palliation. Strategies to ensure early escalation decisions involving senior hepatologists and intensivists should be developed to ensure appropriate care is afforded to all cirrhotic patients in a timely fashion. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Food Labeling: Tell Whole Truth, Nothing But Truth
Authors: W. Fenner
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Food Labeling: Tell Whole Truth, Nothing But Truth Get access Wendy Fenner Wendy Fenner Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 3, 7 February 1990, Pages 174–175, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.3.174 Published: 07 February 1990
Obama administration retreats on one aspect of health reform
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The Obama administration has backed away from one component of the Affordable Care Act, the landmark 2010 health reform legislation.

The community living assistance services and support (CLASS) programme was to provide small cash payments to qualifying beneficiaries to purchase in-home assistance during periods of disability ( BMJ 2009;339:b4398, doi:10.1136/bmj.b4398).

However, Congress did not want to create a new, open ended entitlement programme. It insisted that CLASS be voluntary and completely self funded insurance, “actuarially sound and solvent for at least 75 years.” Proponents argued that this could be accomplished by requiring payment of premiums for …