tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medical Communication Companies and Continuing Medical Education
Authors: Lisa M. Schwartz, Steven Woloshin
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Autophagy-enhancing drug carbamazepine diminishes hepatocellular death in fibrinogen storage disease
Authors: Florian Puls, Imeke Goldschmidt, Heike Bantel, Clemens Agne, Verena Bröcker, Maximilian Dämmrich, Ulrich Lehmann, Jens Berrang, Eva-Doreen Pfister, Hans Heinrich Kreipe, Ulrich Baumann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)

Fibrinogen storage disease (FSD) is a rare autosomal-dominant hereditary disorder characterized by hypofibrinogenemia and accumulation of fibrinogen aggregates within the hepatocellular endoplasmatic reticulum (ER). Some FSD patients present with elevated amino-transferases and fibrosis/cirrhosis similar to alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (ATD), also an ER storage disease. Pharmacological stimulation of autophagy has been shown to mediate clearance of protein aggregates and halt progression of liver fibrosis in in vivo models of ATD. Our aim was to evaluate the presence of autophagy and a possible response to autophagy-enhancing therapy in patients with FSD. Hepatic fibrosis was assessed by transient elastography in 2 newly identified FSD families with fibrinogen Aguadilla and Brescia mutations, encompassing 8 affected members. Available liver biopsies were assessed for autophagy. Two patients, who had had elevated alanine amino-transaminase levels (2-5 above upper limit of normal), were treated with the autophagy enhancer carbamazepine (CBZ). Transient elastography did not show evidence of significant fibrosis in any affected family members. Quantitative electron microscopy of one patient showed a 5.15-fold increase of late stage autophagocytic vacuoles compared to control livers. CBZ at low anticonvulsive treatment levels led to rapid normalization of alanine-aminotransferase and decrease of caspase-cleaved and uncleaved cytokeratin-18 fragments (M30 and M65). These effects reversed after discontinuation of treatment. Response to CBZ may be mediated by pharmacologically enhanced autophagy resulting in reduction of aggregate-related toxicity in FSD. These results suggest clinical applicability of pharmacological stimulation of autophagy in FSD, but potentially also in other related disorders.
Donor-recipient mismatches in MHC class I chain-related gene A in unrelated donor transplantation lead to increased incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Simrit Parmar, Marcos del Lima, Yizhou Zou, Poliana A. Patah, Ping Liu, Pedro Cano, Gabriela Rondon, Susana Pesoa, Leandro de Padua Silva, Muzaffar H. Qazilbash, Chitra Hosing, Uday Popat, Partow Kebriaei, Elizabeth J. Shpall, Sergio Giralt, Richard E. Champlin, Peter Stastny, Marcelo Fernandez-Vina
Journal: Blood (2009)
Vagal Cardiovascular Reflexes in Young Persons with Syncope
Authors: Stephen A. Barron
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Objective: To study the neurocardiologic reflexes in young persons who have fainted under conditions of emotional stress. Design: Case-control study. Setting: Clinical neurophysiology laboratory in Haifa, Israel. Patients: Sixty persons (41 women and 19 men), 15 to 17 years old, who were referred for study because of syncope related to an emotionally distressing event. Forty aged-matched, healthy volunteers drawn from the same population served as controls. Measurements: Resting electrocardiogram, inspiratory-expiratory difference in heart rate during deep breathing, heart rate response to the Valsalva maneuver, and blood pressure during motionless standing for 5 minutes. Results: Although individual results were within widely accepted limits of normal, patients with syncope as a group had higher vagal autonomic tone than did controls. This manifested as a slower heart rate at rest (mean, 67.8 beats/min compared with 73.2 beats/min; P = 0.005), a higher inspiratory-expiratory difference in heart rate (mean, 44.1 beats/min compared with 37.9 beats/min; P = 0.001), and a higher Valsalva ratio (1.91 compared with 1.72; P < 0.0001). No significant difference was found in the PR and QTc (QT interval corrected for rate) intervals of the electrocardiogram or in the blood pressure response to standing. Conclusion: Many young persons who faint under conditions of emotional distress do so because a relatively high vagal tone predisposes them to the cardioinhibitory component of the syncope. Age-related physiologic reduction in vagal cardiac responses may explain the lower incidence of this type of syncope with increasing age.
TREATMENT OF "SHELL SHOCK."
Authors: P. R. Cooper
Journal: BMJ (1916)

Dr. Buxton's tlleory that the hleart was overwhelmed by intravenots illnfusion be correct.I cannot lhelp tlhinking that in certain types of case sucn as this the psycliic factor plays aln important part, and prepares thle nervous mechanism of a heart already labouring under muscular disability to, as it were, collapse under strain.Mechanical anad toxic causes alone will not always explain deaths durinig or after anaestlhesia.Un- fortunately these different factors cannot be estimated but only guessed at -befo-elland.-Iam, etc., Birmingham, Aug.1st.
Stressful life experiences and risk of relapse of breast cancer: observational cohort study
Authors: Jill Graham, Amanda Ramirez, Sharon Love, Michael Richards, Caroline Burgess
Journal: BMJ (2002)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To confirm, using an observational cohort design, the relation between severely stressful life experiences and relapse of breast cancer found in a previous case-control study. <b>Design:</b> Prospective follow up for five years of a cohort of women newly diagnosed as having breast cancer, collecting data on stressful life experiences, depression, and biological prognostic factors. <b>Setting:</b> NHS breast clinic, London; 1991-9. <b>Participants:</b> A consecutive series of women aged under 60 newly diagnosed as having a primary operable breast tumour. 202/222 (91%) eligible women participated in the first life experiences interview. 170 (77%) provided complete interview data either up to 5 years after diagnosis or to recurrence. <b>Main outcome measure:</b> Recurrence of disease. <b>Results:</b> We controlled for biological prognostic factors (lymph node infiltration and tumour histology), and found no increased risk of recurrence in women who had had one or more severely stressful life experiences in the year before diagnosis compared with women who did not (hazard ratio 1.01, 95% confidence interval 0.58 to 1.74, P=0.99). Women who had had one or more severely stressful life experiences in the 5 years after diagnosis had a lower risk of recurrence (0.52, 0.29 to 0.95, P=0.03) than those who did not. <b>Conclusion:</b> These data do not confirm an earlier finding from a case-control study that severely stressful life experiences increase the risk of recurrence of breast cancer. Differences in case control and prospective methods may explain the contradictory results. We took the prospective study as the more robust, and the results suggest that women with breast cancer need not fear that stressful experiences will precipitate the return of their disease.
Norah Frances Metcalf (nee Lambe)
Authors: W. K. Metcalf
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Functional movement disorder (FMD) is a type of functional neurological disorder characterized by abnormal movements that patients do not recognize as self-generated. Prior imaging studies show a complex pattern of altered activity, linking regions of the brain involved in emotional responses, motor control, and agency. This study aimed to better characterize these relationships by building a classifier via support vector machine (SVM) to accurately classify 61 FMD patients from 59 healthy controls using features derived from resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). First, we selected 66 seed regions based on prior related studies, then calculated the full correlation matrix between them, before performing recursive feature elimination to winnow the feature set to the most predictive features and building the classifier. We identified 29 features of interest that were highly predictive of FMD condition, classifying patients from controls with 80% accuracy. The features selected by the model highlight the importance of the interconnected relationship between areas associated with emotion, reward and sensorimotor integration, potentially mediating relationships between regions associated with motor function, attention and executive function. Exploratory machine learning was able to identify this distinctive, abnormal pattern, suggesting that alterations in functional linkages between these regions may be a consistent feature of the condition in many FMD patients.
Case Studies in Pharmacy Ethics
Authors: Stuart A. Capper
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Treatment of Wilson's disease with zinc. XVII: Treatment during pregnancy
Authors: George J. Brewer, Virginia D. Johnson, Robert D. Dick, Peter Hedera, John K. Fink, Karen J. Kluin
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Therapy of Wilson's disease continues to evolve. In 1997, zinc acetate was added to the list of drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration, which includes penicillamine and trientine. The mechanism of zinc's anticopper action is unique. It induces intestinal cell metallothionein, which binds copper and prevents its transfer into blood. As intestinal cells die and slough, the contained copper is eliminated in the stool. Thus, zinc prevents the intestinal absorption of copper. It is universally agreed that pregnant Wilson's disease patients should remain on anticopper therapy during pregnancy. There are numerous reports of such patients stopping penicillamine therapy to protect their fetus from teratogenicity, only to undergo serious deterioration and even death from renewed copper toxicity. Penicillamine and trientine have teratogenic effects in animals, and penicillamine has known teratogenic effects in humans. In this report we discuss the results of 26 pregnancies in 19 women who were on zinc therapy throughout their pregnancy. The evidence is good that zinc protects the health of the mother during pregnancy. Fetal outcomes were generally quite good, although one baby had a surgically correctable heart defect and one had microcephaly.(Hepatology 2000;31:364-370.)
Relationship between Arterial Pressure and Negative U Waves in Electrocardiograms
Authors: A. J. GEORGOPOULOS, W. L. PROUDFIT, IRVINE H. PAGE
Journal: Circulation (1961)

Direct correlation exists between arterial pressure levels and negativity of U waves in electrocardiograms of hypertensive patients; lowering of arterial pressure results in conversion of negative to positive U waves in the majority of hypertensive patients. Presence of negative U waves does not necessarily indicate organic myocardial changes or a grave prognosis; when their polarity remains unchanged following antihypertensive treatment, it may indicate unsatisfactory control of arterial pressure.
Abstract 595: Non-motorized voluntary running does not affect experimental and spontaneous metastasis in mice
Authors: Lin Yan, Lana C. DeMars
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The present study investigated the effects of non-motorized voluntary running on experimental metastasis of B16BL/6 melanoma and spontaneous metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) in male C57BL/6 mice. After 9 weeks of running, mice (n = 30 per group) received an intravenous injection of B16BL/6 cells or a subcutaneous injection of LLC cells, and then they continued with their running activities. Experiments were terminated 2 weeks after the intravenous injection of B16BL/6 cells or 2 weeks after surgical removal of the primary tumor from mice subcutaneously injected with LLC cells. Mice in the running group ran an average of 4-6 km/day for the duration of the experiment. Voluntary running reduced body weight compared with sedentary controls, but there were no differences in the number and size of lung metastases between groups with either model. Voluntary running significantly reduced plasma insulin and leptin levels and increased adiponectin level in mice with and without LLC compared with their respective sedentary controls. Having LLC significantly increased plasma concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), PDGF-AB and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) in mice. Voluntary running significantly increased plasma PDGF-BB and PDGF-AB, but not VEGF and MCP-1, in mice with LLC compared with their sedentary counterparts. In summary, non-motorized voluntary running was favorable to body weight and the expression of related adipokines, but at 4-6 km/day it did not affect either experimental or spontaneous metastasis in mice. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 595. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-595
PRESENT STATUS OF COMMERCIAL ENDOCRINE PREPARATIONS
Authors: S. CHARLES FREED
Journal: JAMA (1941)

INTRODUCTION  In the past few years physicians have had clinical experience with numerous potent endocrine preparations, many of which are pure chemical compounds. The chemical structure of most of these compounds has been identified and their physiologic activities thoroughly studied in the laboratory. With the advent of these, physicians have become well aware that preparations of desiccated ovary, testicle, thymus, pineal gland, prostate, mammary gland and other organs or simple extracts of these tissues, which have been on the market many decades are unscientific and that their physiologic activities are insignificant. Evidence supporting claims of therapeutic value for such products is either completely lacking or based on fragmentary reports or testimonials. In view of the fact that there are at present on the market pure potent endocrine principles whose effects are well known and whose properties have been investigated scientifically, there is no justification for the use of preparations whoseactivity
Cardioversion and Digitalis Drugs: Changed Threshold to Electric Shock in Digitalized Animals
Authors: BERNARD LOWN, ROBERT KLEIGER, JAMES WILLIAMS
Journal: Circulation Research (1965)

The relationships between the action of digitalis drugs and the effects of cardioversion were studied in 44 dogs. Ventricular tachycardia provoked by either acetyl strophanthidin (AS) or ouabain could not be reverted to sinus rhythm by DC shock. When ventricular fibrillation was induced electrically during digitalis toxicity, defibrillation could be accomplished readily but the toxic arrhythmia due to digitalis remained unaltered. When ventricular fibrillation was induced by AS, it was also unaffected by repeated high energy discharges. In control animals the median energy to produce ventricular tachycardia by electrical discharge was 400 watt-seconds. Repeated electrical shocks did not change the level of energy required to produce ventricular tachycardia. However, following recovery from ouabain-induced ventricular tachycardia, the electrical threshold for ventricular tachycardia was 0.2 watt-second. A similar but less consistent response was noted after AS-induced ventricular tachycardia. The sensitization to electrical shock lasted for five to ten minutes after AS and for approximately one hour after recovery from ouabain toxicity. This same phenomenon of sensitization to electrical discharge was observed during digitalization. About 80% of the potentially toxic dose of ouabain had to be administered before the electrical threshold was lowered. The sensitivity to DC shock in the digitalized animal was not related to any specific phase of the cardiac cycle. Digitalization did not change the duration, location or energy limits of the ventricular vulnerable period. These experiments lead to the following conclusions of clinical importance: 1) Cardioversion will not be effective in arrhythmias induced by digitalis toxicity and 2) in the presence of overdigitalization cardioversion discharge may provoke serious disturbance of rhythm.
Chrysotile asbestos upregulates gene expression and production of alpha-receptors for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-AA) on rat lung fibroblasts.
Authors: J C Bonner, A L Goodell, P G Coin, A R Brody
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

PDGF isoforms have been postulated to serve as mediators of fibroblast proliferation and chemotaxis during lung fibrogenesis induced by asbestos inhalation. We have studied the interaction of chrysotile asbestos fibers with rat lung fibroblasts (RLF) in vitro and the consequent changes in PDGF receptor mRNA expression, PDGF binding, and mitogenic activity of PDGF isoforms. Northern blot analysis revealed that mRNA for the PDGF-receptor alpha subtype (PDGF-R alpha) on RLF was upregulated after a 24-h exposure to asbestos in culture (0.5-15 micrograms fibers/cm2). [125I]PDGF-BB receptor assays showed that normal RLF possess mainly PDGF-R beta and a paucity of PDGF-R alpha. In agreement with the Northern data, saturation binding of [125I]PDGF-BB to RLF exposed to asbestos demonstrated an approximately 40% increase in binding sites accompanied by a twofold decrease in receptor affinity. Treating asbestos-exposed RLF with PDGF-AA, which binds only PDGF-R alpha, blocked the PDGF binding sites that were upregulated by fiber exposure. PDGF-AA had increased mitogenic potency for fiber-exposed RLF, but PDGF-BB was a less potent mitogen for these RLF. Nonfibrogenic carbonyl iron spheres induced similar changes in PDGF growth responses. These data show that inorganic particulates alter the PDGF-R alpha population on RLF without significant change in PDGF-R beta.
Non-sexual transmission of HIV has been overlooked in developing countries
Authors: D. Gisselquist
Journal: BMJ (2002)

This study sought to determine the minimum change in ethanol concentration (ETOH) before consumers could perceive a difference in wine (ethanol difference threshold, EDT). Ethanol difference thresholds were determined orthonasally and retronasally in four base wines in order to investigate the effect of wine style, evaluation mode, and initial ETOH on EDTs. Wines were Chardonnay with 11.6% v/v ETOH (CL), Chardonnay with 13.4% v/v ETOH (CH), Zinfandel with 11.5% v/v ETOH (ZL), and Zinfandel with 13.4% v/v ETOH (ZH) Individual best-estimate thresholds were determined for 13 Asian and 13 Caucasian subjects using the ASTM method E679-04. Group ethanol difference thresholds (% ethanol, v/v; orthonasally and retronasally, respectively) were CL: 0.50 and 1.20; CH: 0.58 and 1.03; ZL: 1.08 and 1.32; and ZH: 1.14 and 1.31. Significant effects on ethanol difference thresholds were found for wine style, evaluation mode, and their interaction, but not initial ETOH. Differences in best-estimate thresholds were observed for ethnicity, wine consumption level, sensory panel experience and experience*gender, but not for gender. While ethanol difference thresholds in wine were found to be lower than previously reported, the results raise questions about the rationale underlying some alcohol adjustment decisions and practices in industry.
The way we eat now
Authors: G. Dunea
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The Gargantuan woman at the supermarket smiled, showing her huge unevenly spaced teeth. We were both studying cheeses—mostly valued at two to four dollars per package and some as high as 200 calories per ounce. Already her shopping cart was overflowing with meats, chicken, bread, breakfast foods, and cartons of soft drinks. Waiting at the checkout, she opened a bottle of Pepsi and gulped it down before she had even had time to pay for it. She then settled her account with three $20 bills of government food stamps, of the kind that the new welfare bill passed by Congress is trying to reign in. She must have weighed at least 300 pounds (136 kilos). Her lumbar spine seemed …
Dengue in the Caribbean-Reply
Authors: Stephen H. Waterman
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In Reply.—  We agree with Dr Lennon that travelers to the Dominican Republic probably are at risk for acquiring dengue, as are travelers to all areas in the Caribbean. In 1981, there were two serologically confirmed cases of dengue from the Dominican Republic; however, these were not included in our article, since the serotype could not be determined for either case. The intent of our article was not to imply that in 1981, dengue in the Caribbean was limited to locations where surveillance data were available and serotypes known; rather, it was to emphasize that dengue virus has a widespread distribution throughout the Caribbean basin.  In reference to the imported cases of dengue in the New York area, a specific travel history was available for 19 persons with confirmed cases that were imported during 1981 and 1982. Only one of these persons had recently traveled to the Dominican Republic; almost
Multiple Sweat Gland Abscesses
Authors: Howard I. Maibach
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Multiple sweat gland abscesses are a distinctive primary pyoderma of the eccrine sweat gland apparatus, usually affecting infants. The hallmark of this condition is one to many dome-shaped, cold, nontender abscesses that have neither a central core nor a tendency to point. These features as well as the lack of follicular involvement on examination of serial sections of biopsy material differentiate the condition from furunculosis, with which it may be confused. A preceding or concomitant finding in some cases is superficial pustules or vesicles (periporitis). In the case presented the antibiotic therapy used did not effect a rapid resolution of lesions but apparently prevented the formation of new and the spontaneous rupture of old lesions.