tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry
Authors: Carl C. Bell
Journal: JAMA (1996)

This is a well-written textbook with a pragmatic orientation toward practice, chock-full of hard-to-find clinical tidbits. Because of its British roots, the tome is more international in coverage than US texts, such as the Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry/VI (Baltimore, Md: Williams & Wilkins; reviewed in JAMA , March 20, 1996). Accordingly, its pages contain many cross-cultural pearls. Comparisons with the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) are made throughout. Sometimes authors follow the ICD-10 criteria, other times DSMIV criteria, depending on which they feel are more useful to the clinician; thus, the reader is afforded both classifications.  Each of the 22 chapters begins with a useful introduction explaining crucial concepts and principles of the various types of psychiatric disorders, helping the reader to organize the massive amount of data presented. Rather than appearing in a stand-alone chapter,
Contribution of Muscle Afferents to the Hemodynamic, Autonomic, and Ventilatory Responses to Exercise in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Massimo Piepoli, Andrew L. Clark, Maurizio Volterrani, Stamatis Adamopoulos, Peter Sleight, Andrew J.S. Coats
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background A neural linkage between peripheral abnormalities and the exaggerated exercise responses in chronic heart failure (CHF) was postulated. We studied the ergoreceptors (afferents sensitive to skeletal muscle work) in CHF and whether training can affect their activity. Methods and Results In 12 stable CHF patients (ejection fraction [EF]=26.4%) and 10 control subjects (EF=55.3%), we compared the responses to dynamic handgrip and during a 3-minute period of posthandgrip regional circulatory occlusion (PH-RCO). The ergoreflex contribution was quantified as the percentage responses to exercise maintained by PH-RCO compared with recovery without PH-RCO. Patients showed ergoreflex overactivation compared with control subjects in terms of ventilation (86.5% versus 54.5%), diastolic pressure (97.8% versus 53.5%), and leg vascular resistance (108.1% versus 48.9%) (all P &lt;.05). The contribution of the ergoreflex to vagal withdrawal (high frequency of RR variability) and sympathetic activation (low frequency of RR, pressure variability) was evident in both groups. Nine control subjects and nine CHF patients participated in 6 weeks of forearm training. Training reduced the ergoreflex contributions more in CHF than in control subjects: diastolic pressure (−33.2% versus −4.6%), ventilation (−57.6% versus −24.6%), and leg vascular resistance (−59.9% versus −8.0%) (all P &lt;.05). Conclusions (1) The ergoreflex role has a larger effect on the responses to exercise in CHF than in control subjects. (2) Training may reduce this exaggerated ergoreflex activity, thereby improving the responses to exercise.
Abstract 4033: <i>A20 gene promoter methylation confers resistance to colorectal carcinoma cell lines</i>
Authors: Abdul K. Siraj, Maha Al-Rasheed, Prashant Bavi, Azhar Hussain, Nasser Al-Sanea, Fouad Al-Dayel, Shahab Uddin, Khawla S. Al-Kuraya
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Gene silencing associated with aberrant methylation of promoter region CpG islands is an acquired epigenetic alteration. It serves as an alternative to genetic defects in the inactivation of tumor suppressor and other genes in human cancers. Several genes have been shown to be epigenetically inactivated in a wide range of tumors and most neoplasms show hypermethylation of one or more genes. A20, also known as TNF alpha induced protein3 (TNFAIP3), is a tumor suppressor gene and a well-known negative regulator of the NF-kB pathway. In colorectal carcinoma (CRC), aberrant NF-kB regulation has been associated with poor prognosis and resistance to therapy. Previously, we elucidated the biological role of A20, mechanism of its inactivation and its prognostic role in colorectal carcinoma. Loss of A20 protein expression by immunohistochemistry and A20 deletions by FISH were studied in a microarray cohort of CRC cases and cell lines for mutations in A20 gene and A20 promoter methylation were also screened. We further elucidated the mechanism of A20 inactivation in colorectal carcinoma cell lines in this extended study. Methylation status of A20 promoter in CRC cell lines correlated with the degree of A20 protein expression: unmethylated cell line SW948 showed the highest expression of A20 protein whereas LOVO, which was methylated, showed almost complete loss of A20 expression. CRC cell lines with high levels of A20 expression (SW948 and COLO320), intermediate levels (HCT-15 and DLD-1) and very low levels (LOVO-1) were immunoblotted for detection of A20 protein expression. Treatment of methylated colorectal cell lines with the methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-aza-2′deoxy-cytidine resulted in partial demethylation and re-expression of A20 gene, suggesting the role of methylation in silencing the gene. In addition, demethylation of A20 gene by 5-aza-2′deoxy-cytidine also decreased cell viability by 15-20X in CRC cell lines, suggesting that A20 expression may play an important role in CRC tumorigenesis. In conclusion, A20 methylation may be a promising molecular marker to predict patient outcome in colorectal cancer, and may be used as therapeutic demethylating target. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4033. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4033
Raised serum interleukin 15 levels in Kawasaki disease
Authors: G-C Jang, H-Y Kim, S-Y Ahn, D-S Kim
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2003)

<b>Background:</b> Interleukin (IL)15 is a novel cytokine that induces T cell proliferation, B cell maturation, natural killer cell cytotoxicity, and may have a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disease, acting upstream from tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα). Kawasaki disease (KD) is an inflammatory disease, in which serum levels of inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and IL6 are increased. <b>Objective:</b> To examine the serum levels of IL15 in KD and to evaluate the role of IL15 in estimating the severity of inflammation in KD. <b>Results and conclusion:</b> There was a significant increase in the mean (SD) serum levels of IL15 measured in the acute stage of KD (11.5 (5.8) pg/ml) compared with those in the subacute stage (1.3 (0.9) pg/ml) (p&lt;0.01) and normal controls (0.9 (1.0) pg/ml) (p&lt;0.01). The increase in IL15 correlated with the increase in TNFα (<i>r</i><sub>s</sub>=0.66, p&lt;0.01); however it did not correlate with the levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C reactive protein, suggesting that IL15 may not be a useful marker in estimating the severity of inflammation in KD.
Educational Programs in US Medical Schools
Authors: Harry S. Jonas
Journal: JAMA (1992)

As described in the introduction, the data presented in this report can be viewed in both a historical and an environmental context. From a historical perspective, there has been change in many areas of medical education. The number of applicants to medical schools has risen sharply in the past few years, a result seemingly inconsistent with the dissatisfaction with medicine expressed by many physicians and with the uncertainties about the eventual outcomes of health system reform. The number of minority applicants and enrollees is slowly rising, but at rates below the goals identified by such initiatives as the Association of American Medical Colleges' "Project 3000 by 2000." Even with the expansion of the applicant pool, however, most medical schools do not anticipate enrollment increases. Medical school tuition also continues to increase significantly, in both public and private schools. The number of faculty members in the clinical disciplines also has continued to rise, although the rate of increase has become less marked. The decrease in the number of basic science faculty members that occurred this year will need to be monitored to ensure that appropriate faculty resources are available for teaching, especially with the initiatives to introduce more active learning formats during the basic science years. The medical curriculum continues to evolve at differing rates across schools. Many "innovations" have become part of the curricular repertoire; for example, medical schools have incorporated educational formats, such as problem-based learning or computer-assisted instruction, which emphasize active student learning, although in a number of cases they are limited to a small portion of the curriculum. In addition, the availability of clinical experiences during the first 2 years of the curriculum, especially those located in ambulatory settings, gives students an early glimpse of the world of actual medical practice. The use of standardized patients provides system and structure in the teaching and evaluation of clinical skills. Therefore, a look at medical education as a whole in the historical context reveals many positive changes (for example, an increase in student diversity over time, the introduction of alternative instructional formats, and attempts to evaluate student clinical competence more reliably). Within the context of environmental expectations, however, many challenges still remain. Medical schools are experiencing pressure to solve perceived problems with the specialty distribution of their graduates and with the specialty distribution of the general physician population, even though factors outside the control of the medical school, such as reimbursement and the practice environment, also influence specialty choice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Surgeon General Emphasizes Nicotine Addiction in Annual Report on Tobacco Use, Consequences
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1988)

NICOTINE ADDICTION is the subject of the 20th report of the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service on the health consequences of tobacco use. Its major conclusions are: Cigarettes and other forms of tobacco are addicting. Nicotine is the drug in tobacco that causes addiction. The pharmacologic and behavioral processes that determine tobacco addiction are similar to those that determine addiction to drugs such as heroin and cocaine. In his foreword to the seven-chapter report, which was issued this week, Robert E. Windom, MD, Assistant Secretary for Health, emphasizes: "Recognizing tobacco use as an addiction is critical both for treating the tobacco user and for understanding why people continue to use tobacco despite the known health risks. Nicotine is a psychoactive drug with actions that reinforce the use of tobacco. Efforts to reduce tobacco use in our society must address all the major influences that encourage continued use, including
Compression of the common bile duct due to portal-vein thrombosis in polycythemia vera
Authors: Matthias J. Löhr, Stefan Kuchenreuter, Hans Grebmeier, Eckhardt G. Hahn, Wolfgang E. Fleig
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

The case of a 56-yr-old patient with polycythemia vera who was initially seen with jaundice is reported. Compression of the common bile duct by choledochal varices was found to be the cause of the obstructive jaundice. This compression was successfully treated with placement of a plastic endoprosthesis across the stenosis during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The significance of choledochal varices in the evaluation of obstructive jaundice is emphasized.
Critical care and the global burden of critical illness in adults
Authors: Neill KJ Adhikari, Robert A Fowler, Satish Bhagwanjee, Gordon D Rubenfeld
Journal: The Lancet (2010)

Critical care has evolved from treatment of poliomyelitis victims with respiratory failure in an intensive care unit to treatment of severely ill patients irrespective of location or specific technology. Population-based studies in the developed world suggest that the burden of critical illness is higher than generally appreciated and will increase as the population ages. Critical care capacity has long been needed in the developing world, and efforts to improve the care of the critically ill in these settings are starting to occur. Expansion of critical care to handle the consequences of an ageing population, natural disasters, conflict, inadequate primary care, and higher-risk medical therapies will be challenged by high costs at a time of economic constraint. To meet this challenge, investigators in this discipline will need to measure the global burden of critical illness and available critical-care resources, and develop both preventive and therapeutic interventions that are generalisable across countries.
Impact of left ventricular structural and functional abnormalities on prognosis in a population-based sample of coronary heart disease-free older adults with renal insufficiency: The strong heart study
Authors: Jonathan N. Bella, Jennifer E. Liu, Mary J. Roman, David C. Robbins, Philip Zager, Thomas K. Welty, Elisa T. Lee, Richard R. Fabsitz, Barbara V. Howard, Richard B. Devereux
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Epidemiologic characteristics of dengue in China (2010–2014)
Authors: Ligui Wang, Guang Yang, Leili Jia, Jiangong Zhu, Jing Xie, Peng Li, Shaofu Qiu, Rongzhang Hao, Zhihao Wu, Wei Pu, Yansong Sun, Zhenjun Li, Hongbin Song
Journal: Journal of Infection (2015)
Biodegradable Lipids Enabling Rapidly Eliminated Lipid Nanoparticles for Systemic Delivery of RNAi Therapeutics
Authors: Martin A Maier, Muthusamy Jayaraman, Shigeo Matsuda, Ju Liu, Scott Barros, William Querbes, Ying K Tam, Steven M Ansell, Varun Kumar, June Qin, Xuemei Zhang, Qianfan Wang, Sue Panesar, Renta Hutabarat, Mary Carioto, Julia Hettinger, Pachamuthu Kandasamy, David Butler, Kallanthottathil G Rajeev, Bo Pang, Klaus Charisse, Kevin Fitzgerald, Barbara L Mui, Xinyao Du, Pieter Cullis, Thomas D Madden, Michael J Hope, Muthiah Manoharan, Akin Akinc
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

In recent years, RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics, most notably with lipid nanoparticle-based delivery systems, have advanced into human clinical trials. The results from these early clinical trials suggest that lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), and the novel ionizable lipids that comprise them, will be important materials in this emerging field of medicine. A persistent theme in the use of materials for biomedical applications has been the incorporation of biodegradability as a means to improve biocompatibility and/or to facilitate elimination. Therefore, the aim of this work was to further advance the LNP platform through the development of novel, next-generation lipids that combine the excellent potency of the most advanced lipids currently available with biodegradable functionality. As a representative example of this novel class of biodegradable lipids, the lipid evaluated in this work displays rapid elimination from plasma and tissues, substantially improved tolerability in preclinical studies, while maintaining in vivo potency on par with that of the most advanced lipids currently available. In recent years, RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics, most notably with lipid nanoparticle-based delivery systems, have advanced into human clinical trials. The results from these early clinical trials suggest that lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), and the novel ionizable lipids that comprise them, will be important materials in this emerging field of medicine. A persistent theme in the use of materials for biomedical applications has been the incorporation of biodegradability as a means to improve biocompatibility and/or to facilitate elimination. Therefore, the aim of this work was to further advance the LNP platform through the development of novel, next-generation lipids that combine the excellent potency of the most advanced lipids currently available with biodegradable functionality. As a representative example of this novel class of biodegradable lipids, the lipid evaluated in this work displays rapid elimination from plasma and tissues, substantially improved tolerability in preclinical studies, while maintaining in vivo potency on par with that of the most advanced lipids currently available.
Phobic Symptoms, Particularly the Fear of Blood and Injury, Are Associated With Poor Glycemic Control in Type I Diabetic Adults
Authors: Ivan Berlin, Jean Claude Bisserbe, Renate Eiber, Nicolas Balssa, Claude Sachon, Frédéric Bosquet, André Grimaldi
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

To investigate the presence of psychiatric disorders and symptoms in type I diabetic patients and to identify those that may influence metabolic control as assessed by GHb levels.This was a cross-sectional study. One hundred and two consecutive patients with type I diabetes who were regular outpatient visitors of a diabetology department were evaluated. The psychiatric assessments included self-rating questionnaires (General Health Questionnaire and Fear Questionnaire) and observer-rating questionnaires (Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS] and Mini International Interview). Diabetic characteristics were assessed by a structured interview. The observer was blind to the diabetic characteristics of the patients.Type I diabetic patients with GHb levels > or = 8% had higher psychological distress, scored significantly higher for symptoms of agoraphobia and for fear of blood and injury, had substantially higher levels of anxiety-depression, and performed significantly fewer blood glucose measurements per day. They did not differ in MADRS score from patients with GHb levels < 8%. Multivariate analysis showed that GHb was positively associated with the total score of phobic symptoms and the level of anxiety-depression and inversely associated with the number of daily blood glucose measurements. These factors explained 41% of the variance of GHb. The inverse relationship between GHb and the number of blood glucose measurements per day was mainly influenced by the fear of blood and injury. Patients with high scores for the fear of blood and injury performed fewer blood glucose measurements and had poorer glycemic control; conversely, subjects without fear of blood and injury performed more daily blood glucose measurements and had better glycemic control.Phobic symptoms are frequent in patients with type I diabetes. The intensity of phobic symptoms and anxiety-depression negatively influences metabolic control. Increased fear of blood and injury may lead some patients to perform few home blood glucose measurements and may result in poorer glycemic control. This suggests that, by decreasing the fear of blood, injury, and injection, metabolic control may be improved.
Delirium and the “Know-Do” Gap in Acute Care for Elders
Authors: S. Ryan Greysen
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
THE TREATMENT OF CANCER BY THE USE OF POTASSIUM BICHROMATE
Authors: J. Fenwick
Journal: BMJ (1909)

Tuz BaxTIs 5 investigations, which showed that the brawny arm of breast cancer indicates arrest rather than great activity of the cancer process, and is produced by lymphatic oblitera- tion.Its success confirms the pathological conclusions upon which it was based, and shows that the more recent methods of pathological histology are full of unexhausted possibilities.MEANS OF PROMOTING THE NATURAL CURE OF CANCER.We have seen that the natural local cure of cancer is brought about by fibrotic processes which cut off the cancerous epithelium from that contact with connective tissue cells which is necessary to maintaki its vitality.Superficially, at any rate, this process presents some analogy with the natural cure of tubercle, which also takes place by a process of fibrosis.And certain cases in which I have seen great apparent benefit to cancer patients as the result of a change of residence from town to country, or from a sea voyage, lead me to suggest that the open-air treatment, which has proved so successful in tubercle, may be worthy of trial in the more chronic cases of inoperable cancer.The treatment as applied to tubercle would require -modification for cancer;.the carcinoma patient, for instance, as contrasted with the tuberculous patient, would .probablyrequire less food and more exer- cise; but there would appear to be no very strong objec- tion to the tentative treatment of cases of inoperable cancer side by side with cases of tubercle in sanatoriums.Under no circumstances whatever should the treatment be recommende as a substitute for operation, if operation is possible.
1036-162 Does real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography cause cardiac arrhythmias in humans? A comparative study at rest and during pharmacological stress
Authors: Ingrid Kowatsch, Altamiro F.F Osório, Jeane M Tsutsui, Maria Luciana Z Hannouche, JoséL Andrade, JoséA.F Ramires, Wilson Mathias
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Clinical and Molecular Genetic Features of Pulmonary Hypertension in Patients with Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
Authors: Richard C. Trembath, Jennifer R. Thomson, Rajiv D. Machado, Neil V. Morgan, Carl Atkinson, Ingrid Winship, Gerald Simonneau, Nazzareno Galie, James E. Loyd, Marc Humbert, William C. Nichols, Jonathan Berg, Alessandra Manes, Julie McGaughran, Michael Pauciulo, Lisa Wheeler, Nicholas W. Morrell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Most patients with familial primary pulmonary hypertension have defects in the gene for bone morphogenetic protein receptor II (BMPR2), a member of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily of receptors. Because patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia may have lung disease that is indistinguishable from primary pulmonary hypertension, we investigated the genetic basis of lung disease in these patients.
HOSPITAL COSTS, PAST AND PRESENT
Authors: HERMAN SMITH
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The subject of hospital costs—i. e., cost of caring for patients—is such an involved one that, in discussing it, we must define sharply the types of hospitals under consideration. Costs in a private hospital with a large ward and private service, adequate facilities for the training of nurses, and large laboratories cannot be considered in the same light as the figures for a small hospital with few ward beds, and mostly small private rooms and private wards. Although one might imagine that it should be an easy task to compare financial statements of various hospitals and from them obtain an estimate based on actual costs as to what a reasonable per diem charge should be, such is far from the case. Any one even casually examining a number of annual reports of hospitals will be struck with the fact that there is little, if any, basis of comparison. Apparently each