tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Airway Obstruction Due to Bronchial Vascular Injury after Sulfur Mustard Analog Inhalation
Authors: Livia A. Veress, Heidi C. O'Neill, Tara B. Hendry-Hofer, Joan E. Loader, Raymond C. Rancourt, Carl W. White
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Rationale: Sulfur mustard (SM) is a frequently used chemical warfare agent, even in modern history. SM inhalation causes significant respiratory tract injury, with early complications due to airway obstructive bronchial casts, akin to those seen after smoke inhalation and in single-ventricle physiology. This process with SM is poorly understood because animal models are unavailable.Objectives: To develop a rat inhalation model for airway obstruction with the SM analog 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), and to investigate the pathogenesis of bronchial cast formation.Methods: Adult rats were exposed to 0, 5, or 7.5% CEES in ethanol via nose-only aerosol inhalation (15 min). Airway microdissection and confocal microscopy were used to assess cast formation (4 and 18 h after exposure). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) retrieval and intravascular dye injection were done to evaluate vascular permeability.Measurements and Main Results: Bronchial casts, composed of abundant fibrin and lacking mucus, occluded dependent lobar bronchi within 18 hours of CEES exposure. BALF contained elevated concentrations of IgM, protein, and fibrin. Accumulation of fibrin-rich fluid in peribronchovascular regions (4 h) preceded cast formation. Monastral blue dye leakage identified bronchial vessels as the site of leakage.Conclusions: After CEES inhalation, increased permeability from damaged bronchial vessels underlying damaged airway epithelium leads to the appearance of plasma proteins in both peribronchovascular regions and BALF. The subsequent formation of fibrin-rich casts within the airways then leads to airways obstruction, causing significant morbidity and mortality acutely after exposure.
Positive HIV Antibody Test Results After Treatment With Hepatitis B Immune Globulin
Authors: Scott H. Isaacman
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor. —  The Brief Report entitled Passive Transfer of HIV [Human Immunodeficiency Virus] Antibody by Hepatitis B Immune Globulin 1 presents important findings that concern transient  test results for HIV antibody. I do not understand how the authors claim to report two cases where true-positive HIV tests were obtained in two newborns after immunization with hepatitis B immune globulin. A true positive refers to a  laboratory test result that accurately reflects infection in the donor of the test specimen. Case 1, as reported, had transiently  antibody test results. Follow-up studies on case 2 do not follow the same time sequence as in case 1, and  viral cultures are not reported for either infant. There is nothing provided in the article on which one could conclude that these infants were infected with HIV. Therefore, by definition, these seem to be false-positive test results.
The stability of dithranol in various bases
Authors: P.G. Green, D.R. Forbes, C.T.C. Kennedy
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

With the advent of short‐contact dithranol therapy, a variety of bases such as white soft paraffin, yellow soft paraffin, Lassar's paste and Unguentum Merck® have been used. Yellow soft paraffin is the recommended base for dithranol ointment B.P. Salicylic acid is usually added as an anti‐oxidant to prevent degradation to therapeutically inactive compounds. In this study, a variety of dithranol formulations have been regularly assayed over a 1 ‐year period. Using high‐performance liquid chromatography, which is the only reliable means of assessing dithranol degradation, shelf‐lives were evaluated. The stability was found to vary with concentration; weaker preparations being less stable. Dithranol was found to be unstable in yellow soft paraffin and Unguentum Merck®, although ascorbic and oxalic acid could be added to the latter to increase stability. Salicylic acid produced a destabilizing effect on dithranol in Unguentum Merck® and yellow soft paraffin a stabilizing effect in Lassar's paste, but little effect in white soft paraffin. Dithranol is relatively stable in white soft paraffin which is the preferred base for short‐contact therapy. The inclusion of salicylic acid in this preparation is questionable because it has a negligible effect as an anti‐oxidant, is irritant to the skin and percutaneous absorption can be significant.
Heel Pain in Sarcoidosis
Authors: Robert A. Shaw
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Brief Reports15 October 1988Heel Pain in SarcoidosisRobert A. Shaw, MD, Peter A. Holt, MD, Mary Betty Stevens, MDRobert A. Shaw, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Peter A. Holt, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Mary Betty Stevens, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-109-8-675 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAcute and chronic polyarthritis are well recognized characteristics of sarcoidosis. However, except for the mention of heel pain as a clinical feature in 2 of 45 cases of sarcoid arthritis in one review (1), heel pain has not been reported. We report seven cases of sarcoid-related heel pain as a major characteristic of the disease process.Case ReportA 54-year-old black housewife, previously in excellent health, had a spontaneous onset of severe bilateral heel pain that subsided after several days. One week later, the heel pain recurred with fever and an intense polyarthritis involving all peripheral joints except the distal...References1. GumpelJohnsShulman JCL. The joint disease of sarcoidosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1967;26:194-205. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. MyersGottliebMattmanEckleyChason GAPGJ. Joint and skeletal muscle manifestations in sarcoidosis. Am J Med. 1952;12:161-9. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. SpilbergSiltzbachMcEwen ILC. The arthritis of sarcoidosis. Arthritis Rheum. 1969;12:126-37. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Kaplan H. Sarcoid arthritis: a review. Arch Intern Med. 1963;112:924-35. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Truelove L. Articular manifestations of erythema nodosum. Ann Rheum Dis. 1960;19:174-80. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. CaplanKatzRubenstein HWM. Periarticular inflammation, bilateral hilar adenopathy and a sarcoid reaction. Arthritis Rheum. 1970;13:101-11. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Robert A. Shaw, MD; Peter A. Holt, MD; Mary Betty Stevens, MDAffiliations: From The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions at Good Samaritan Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland. For current author addresses, see end of text. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byLower Extremity PainSystemic Causes of Heel PainThe Diagnosis and Treatment of Heel Pain: A Clinical Practice Guideline–Revision 2010Foot and AnkleThe diagnosis and treatment of heel painReview of non-functional plantar heel painManagement of Heel Pain in the Inflammatory ArthritidesSubcalcaneal Heel PainSarcoidosis in autoimmune diseaseNotes and News 15 October 1988Volume 109, Issue 8Page: 675-677KeywordsArthralgiaArthritisFeversSarcoidosis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 October 1988 PDF downloadLoading ...
“Hot” Spot on Radiocolloid Scan of the Liver
Authors: Prakash B. Chhabria, Prem. C. Chandnani
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1976)

A case of a “hot” spot on radiocolloid nuclear scan is presented, which is felt to be secondary to superior vena cava obstruction leading to a superior vena cava-portal shunt. The cause of the superior vena cava obstruction is attributed to primary malignant tumor of the lung.
Chronic ulcerative stomatitis associated with a specific immunologic marker
Authors: William M. Jaremko, Ernst H. Beutner, Vijay Kumar, Hans Kipping, Patrick Condry, Mohamed Y. Zeid, C. Lisa Kauffman, Dimitris N. Tatakis, Tadeusz P. Chorzelski
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1990)
Bridging the gap in mental health approaches between east and west: the psychosocial consequences of radiation exposure.
Authors: I I Yevelson, A Abdelgani, J Cwikel, I S Yevelson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Mental health professionals in Western countries and the Confederation of Independent States ([CIS], the former Soviet Union) have been examining the social and psychological consequences of the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear accident on the people who lived or are living in the exposed areas. Based on reviews of the literature, papers from international conferences, and communication between researchers in various countries, different perspectives have emerged on classifying distress and disorders and designing treatment programs. The origins of these differences lie in philosophical, historical, and political developments in the West and the CIS. These different approaches often have made it difficult for mental health professionals from the CIS and the West to work together. The goal of this paper is 2-fold: to identify and recognize the main differences in these approaches and to propose specific solutions for bridging the gap. The basic approach of mental health professionals in the CIS is a physiological, nosological one--it focuses on the etiology of the illness. Although their main diagnostic tool is the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, it has undergone adaptations that reflect the Soviet medical and physiological attitude toward psychiatry. These changes have resulted in the abrogation and addition of disorder categories. For example, in the CIS edition of the ICD-9, there is no mention of post traumatic stress disorder as a distinct disorder. In contrast, in the West, the dominant approach is a symptomatic, phenomenologic one. Emphasis is placed on a dynamic understanding of the disorder and treatment is conducted by mental health professional (psychologists, social workers, psychiatrists). This contrasts with the approach used in the CIS, where psychological distress often is somaticized and treatment undertaken by physicians rather than mental health professionals. The authors of this paper call on researchers to come together and work jointly on the recognition and resolution of these differences. Then both groups will be able to offer concrete solutions and build tools that can benefit both sides. It is hoped that these new approaches will receive worldwide recognition and prove useful for other mental health professionals working with persons affected by the accident at Chernobyl.
PRODUCTION OF ACIDOPHILUS MILK ON A LARGE SCALE FOR GENERAL USE
Authors: C. C. BASS
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The term "acidophilus milk" was first applied by Rettger and Cheplin<sup>1</sup>to a pure culture of<i>Bacillus acidophilus</i>in milk. Autoclaved milk was used by these authors, and has been used by almost all other workers since the original description of their method. Although where adequate facilities are available, it is possible to produce a limited quantity of acidophilus milk in this way, it would not be practical to produce a large amount. Even if it were, it would necessarily be quite expensive as compared with other forms of milk. The cost of the acidophilus milk produced in this way and the difficulty of obtaining it may not be prohibitive when it is to be used for therapeutic purposes in the treatment of definite disease, especially during the present period of enthusiastic use of this new therapeutic agent. However, if the drinking of acidophilus milk accomplishes the transformation of
Differentiation of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells Induces Immunogenicity and Limits Their Long-Term Benefits for Myocardial Repair
Authors: Xi-Ping Huang, Zhuo Sun, Yasuo Miyagi, Heather McDonald Kinkaid, Li Zhang, Richard D. Weisel, Ren-Ke Li
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background— Cardiac cell therapy for older patients who experience a myocardial infarction may require highly regenerative cells from young, healthy (allogeneic) donors. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently under clinical investigation because they can induce cardiac repair and may also be immunoprivileged (suitable for allogeneic applications). However, it is unclear whether allogeneic MSCs retain their immunoprivilege or functional efficacy late after myocardial implantation. We evaluated the effects of MSC differentiation on the immune characteristics of cells in vitro and in vivo and monitored cardiac function for 6 months after post–myocardial infarction MSC therapy. Methods and Results— In the in vitro experiments, inducing MSCs to acquire myogenic, endothelial, or smooth muscle characteristics (via 5-azacytidine or cytokine treatment) increased major histocompatibility complex-Ia and -II (immunogenic) expression and reduced major histocompatibility complex-Ib (immunosuppressive) expression, in association with increased cytotoxicity in coculture with allogeneic leukocytes. In the in vivo experiments, we implanted allogeneic or syngeneic MSCs into infarcted rat myocardia. We measured cell differentiation and survival (immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction) and cardiac function (echocardiography, pressure-volume catheter) for 6 months. MSCs (versus media) significantly improved ventricular function for at least 3 months after implantation. Allogeneic (but not syngeneic) cells were eliminated from the heart by 5 weeks after implantation, and their functional benefits were lost within 5 months. Conclusions— The long-term ability of allogeneic MSCs to preserve function in the infarcted heart is limited by a biphasic immune response whereby they transition from an immunoprivileged to an immunogenic state after differentiation, which is associated with an alteration in major histocompatibility complex–immune antigen profile.
82. Targeted Pancreatic Cancer-Specific Gene Therapy Controlled by a Molecular-Engineered Human Cholecystokinin Type-A Receptor (CCKAR) Promoter in In Vivo Imaging Models
Authors: Xiaoming Xie, Zheng Li, Qingqing Ding, Hus-Ping Kuo, James L. Abbruzzese, Mien-Chie Hung
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive human malignancies and the fifth cause of cancer death due to the absence of effective therapies. Recently, gene therapy has shown some promise in the treatment of human malignancies. In contrast to its use in other cancers, gene therapy of pancreatic cancer has remained an area of substantial frustration, mainly because of the lack of a useful control element to drive a therapeutic gene. Therefore, our goal was to develop a strong pancreatic cancer-specific promoter for targeted expression of a transgene. On the basis of findings in the Serial Analysis of Gene Expression database and the literature, we identified the Cholecystoskinin A receptor (CCKAR), orphan G protein-coupled receptor (RDC1), urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), and chymotrypsinogen B1 (CTRB1) as potential promoter candidates, screened them, and found that the human cholecystoskinin type-A receptor (CCKAR) promoter was the most active in pancreatic cancer cells. We then modified the CCKAR promoter using the two-step transcriptional activation (TSTA) system and the posttranscriptional regulatory element of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WPRE). The activity of CCKAR-TSTA-WPRE (CTP) was 2.8-fold greater in AsPC-1 cells than that of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter, while retaining stringent pancreatic cancer specificity. CTP was also shown to target expression of firefly luciferase to AsPC-1 xenografts in an orthotopic mouse model, confirmed by noninvasive imaging with an IVIS|[trade]| imaging system and measuring with a luminometer. The cancer-specific index was 3.6 for CTP vs. 0.009 for CMV in vivo. Furthermore, transgene expression of a Bik mutant (BikDD) driven by CTP (CTP-BikDD) induced death of pancreatic cancer cells effectively and specifically. Finally, to evaluate for in vivo specific killing effect of CTP-BikDD, orthotopic pancreatic cancer xenograft (AsPC-1-Luc and PanO2-Luc) models were established, in which the tumors were bioluminescent. The mice bearing tumors were systemically treated with CTP-BikDD:, CMV-BikDD:, and CTP:liposome complexes. The tumor size and metastatic tumors were non-invasively monitored with the IVIS|[trade]| system. We demonstrated that CTP-BikDD significantly repressed tumor growth. Taken together, the molecularly engineered CCKAR promoter, CTP, is robust and pancreatic cancer-specific. CTP targets transgene expression to pancreatic cancer and may prove to be a safe and effective pancreatic cancer gene therapy.
Androgen receptors in cultured human skin fibroblasts
Authors: CHARLES SULTAN, ANNIE TERRAZA, CLAUDE DEVILLIER, BRUNO MICIIKL, BERNARD DESCOMPS, ROGERR JEAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1982)

Journal Article Androgen receptors in cultured human skin fibroblasts Get access CHARLES SULTAN, CHARLES SULTAN Unité de Recherches sur la Biochimic des Stéroïdes, INSERM‐U.58, France Charles Sultan., M.D. Ph.D., Unité de Recherches sur la Biochimie‐ des Stéroïdes, INSERM‐U.58–60, Rue dc Navacelles. 34100 Montpellier, France. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ANNIE TERRAZA, ANNIE TERRAZA Unité de Recherches sur la Biochimic des Stéroïdes, INSERM‐U.58, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar CLAUDE DEVILLIER, CLAUDE DEVILLIER Unité de Recherches sur la Biochimic des Stéroïdes, INSERM‐U.58, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BRUNO MICIIKL, BRUNO MICIIKL Unité de Recherches sur la Biochimic des Stéroïdes, INSERM‐U.58, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BERNARD DESCOMPS, BERNARD DESCOMPS Unité de Recherches sur la Biochimic des Stéroïdes, INSERM‐U.58, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ROGERR JEAN ROGERR JEAN Service de Pédiatric, and Service de Dermatologie, CHU St Charles, Montpellier, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 107, Issue s23, 1 November 1982, Pages 40–46, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1982.tb01030.x Published: 01 November 1982
The practical management of claudication
Authors: A. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The management of patients with intermittent claudication has focused on improving symptoms caused by restricted blood flow through a limb. However, the goals of managing the condition have recently been broadened to include prevention of coronary and cerebrovascular events.

Intermittent claudication is underrecognised as a risk factor for coronary and cerebrovascular events. Sixty per cent of people with claudication die from coronary heart disease, and 10% of them die from stroke.1 Treating the person with claudication, therefore, is likely to pay high dividends in terms of reducing deaths from myocardial infarction and stroke. Morbidity and mortality in these patients can be improved by various strategies.

Exercise is widely held to be beneficial to patients with intermittent claudication, but it has been applied with little enthusiasm. In experimental models, however, exercising ischaemic muscle improved muscle performance within a short period of time. A meta-analysis of 21 studies of the effects of exercise on patients with intermittent claudication suggested that the average improvement in the distance that patients could walk was 122%.2 Programmes in which …
Chemistry of Digestive Diseases
Authors: Franz J. Ingelfinger
Journal: JAMA (1961)

To compress the subjects of gastric secretion and intestinal absorption into a small monograph presents major problems. Since much must be omitted, controversial points cannot be evaluated, and interrelationships and continuity of thought between successive sentences or paragraphs have to be sacrificed. On the other hand, the format permits a succinct presentation of major points. The authors have taken advantage of this opportunity to present quite up-to-date summaries concerning the nature of normal gastric secretion, possible mechanisms leading to hypersecretion in duodenal ulcer, normal absorption of various substances, serotonin metabolism, clinical tests of absorption, and disorders of absorption following surgical procedures. The monograph may therefore be described as an outline, a guide to further reading, and a source of quick reference for the student or the physician whose main interests do not include the gastrointestinal tract. For a publication that aims to be useful rather than profound, the title seems
Drug users in China tested for HIV without consent
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2003)

People with HIV infection and AIDS in China experience discrimination, and many have little or no access to health care, warned a report published last week.

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The male observation ward in a forced detoxification centre in Yunnan. Such centres test detainees for HIV without telling them

Credit: JACKSON JEFFERSON

The report found discrimination in national and local government policies. National laws were discriminating, and some local laws banned people from certain activities, such as working in food services.

The findings came from field observations and interviews by researchers from Human Rights Watch (an independent, non-governmental organisation working to …

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Comment on Kahn and Sievenpiper. Dietary Sugar and Body Weight: Have We Reached a Crisis in the Epidemic of Obesity and Diabetes? We Have, but the Pox on Sugar Is Overwrought and Overworked. Diabetes Care 2014;37:957–962
Authors: Martijn B. Katan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

In their review on dietary sugar and body weight, Kahn and Sievenpiper (1) misrepresented the outcome of our trial of sugar-sweetened beverages and body weight in children (2). Kahn and Sievenpiper described the outcome as follows: “weight loss was quite …
The Potential Value of Serial Cerebral SPECT Scanning in the Evaluation of Psychiatric Illness
Authors: HENRY NOTARDONATO, ARNALDO GONZALEZ-AVILEZ, RONALD L. VAN HEERTUM, RALPH A. O??CONNELL, ANTHONY P. YUDD
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Cerebral SPECT imaging has the potential to make an important contribution to clinical psychiatry. Cerebral SPECT scanning, stimulated by the work with PET, is readily available and much less expensive than PET. This paper reports a case demonstrating the potential value of cerebral SPECT scanning with I-123 IMP, specifically in the serial evaluation of a schizophrenic patient with auditory hallucinations. The inital scan revealed focal areas of increased uptake in the caudate nuclei of the basal ganglia, and in the right temporal lobe. After pharmacological treatment with clinical improvement, the follow-up SPECT scan demonstrated significant improvement in the distribution of the radiopharmaceutical.
Cetaecean culture: Philosophical implications
Authors: Michael Allen Fox
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Culture among cetaeceans has important philosophical implications. Three receive attention here. First, these animals are more like humans than we had previously thought. Even so, we must affirm and respect their otherness. Second, only a fresh approach to research makes this kind of information available. Third, whales and dolphins should now be included with us in an extended moral community.