tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased Risk of Diabetes in First-Degree Relatives of Young-Onset Type 2 Diabetic Patients Compared With Relatives of Those Diagnosed Later
Authors: Katharine Owen, Susan Ayres, Sheila Corbett, Andrew Hattersley
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

We were pleased to see an article focusing on the features of young-onset type 2 diabetes (YT2D), which is diagnosed between 18 and 44 years of age (1). The importance of studying this group is illustrated by reports of rapid increases in the prevalence of diabetes in young adults in both the U.S. (2) and U.K. (3).

We describe another feature of YT2D subjects not highlighted in the study by Hillier and Pedula (1): the increased rate of diabetes in first-degree relatives. Patients with YT2D may present earlier because of a greater genetic predisposition. We hypothesized that the risk of diabetes for relatives of patients with YT2D would be higher …
Kosovo to shift emphasis to a primary care system
Authors: H. Bower
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The United Nations Mission in Kosovo laid out an ambitious blueprint for rebuilding and modernising health services in Kosovo this week, to address not only the recent destruction of the war but 10 years of political turmoil and neglect.

According to Dr Hannu Vuori, the mission's commissioner for health and social services, the interim health policy guidelines and six month action plan launched on Monday provide a framework for the emergency relief effort, to guide the 300 or so international agencies and non-governmental organisations that have descended on the province.

But, crucially, it should also help Kosovo's health professionals to take advantage of the opportunities for long term development that exist as a result of the influx of …
AMBULATORY TREATMENT OF VARICOSE ULCER
Authors: R. Gibson, Alex. R. Somerford
Journal: BMJ (1928)

VARICOSE veins are mnet with in meen and women in all grades of society, but varicose ulcer is almost entirely con- fined to tihe wives of working-class meni-womeln who, as a r1ul;e, have had large families, and who have to work all the vaking hours all the days of their lives.So inured are some of these womiieni to the paini that they hesitate to have the ulcer healed lest some other and greater mis- fortulle slhould overtake them.Our exl)erience, gained during the past twelve -months, sihows that most ulcers of the leg can be healed, and over1GO per cent.can be cured; it favours -a special clinic for ulcers of the leg, si-nce it is difficult: to give these patients the attention they require in the ordinary course of a nmixed clinlic.In each case of chronic ulcer a complete history is takell and a description of the ulcer is recorded for future refer- eiine.Tho Wassermann reaction is always determined, and should this be positive appropriate -treatment is given.Var'icose, veins are treated by injection and their cure has rendered the prognosis for varicose ulcer much better than formerly.I-NJRCTON OF VARICOSE VEQNS.This operation is performed in-the -out-patient clinicJ and the following solutionsare used.
Modern Concepts of Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: J. Park Biehl
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Portions of this small collection stand out as classics in the literature of cerebrovascular disease. John Marshall writes on the natural history of the subject in a few short pages, which succinctly tell the physician all that can be said prognostically. There is detailed experience expressed here that is not available elsewhere—the outlook for the patient with vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Every sentence is to be read with care and remembered. Toole outlines diagnostic tests used in strokes, avoiding the advocacy of a long list of tests to be done in all cases, as so many writers recommend these days. The chapter is succinct and illuminating.  A longer chapter by N. T. Mathew reviews his experience in another test that may have future use in evaluating selected stroke patients. At present, these regional cerebral blood-flow studies, using washout curves of inhaled xenon (a noninvasive test), have only an investigational use. The potential
UK watchdog issues guidelines to combat medical research fraud
Authors: J. Jones
Journal: BMJ (1999)

A group of UK medical journal editors has issued best practice guidelines to help stem research misconduct, a problem characterised by its chairman as “endemic” in the United Kingdom and the United States.

The guidelines, drawn up by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), are intended to promote and safeguard intellectual honesty at all stages in the research and publication cycle, from initial study design onwards.

Ethical approval, data analysis, competing interests, authorship, peer review, redundant publication, and editors' duties are among the key areas addressed. The guidance also advises editors on how to investigate suspected cases and what sanctions may be suitably applied when misdemeanours have been detected.

The committee …
Mutations in a member of the Ras superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins causes Bardet-Biedl syndrome
Authors: Yanli Fan, Muneer A Esmail, Stephen J Ansley, Oliver E Blacque, Keith Boroevich, Alison J Ross, Susan J Moore, Jose L Badano, Helen May-Simera, Deanna S Compton, Jane S Green, Richard Alan Lewis, Mieke M van Haelst, Patrick S Parfrey, David L Baillie, Philip L Beales, Nicholas Katsanis, William S Davidson, Michel R Leroux
Journal: Nature Genetics (2004)
A piece of my mind. Blue moon
Authors: T. Branstetter
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Cardiac Problems and Athletic Participation
Authors: Kenneth D. Rose
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A letter from Dr. Peter Gott (<b>211</b>:502,1970) concerns my report entitled, "Relationship of Cardiac Problems to Athletic Participation." I am pleased that this paper stimulated Dr. Gott's communication indicating interest by cardiologists and general physicians in the role of the abnormal electrocardiogram in determining sports participation. As usual, there is always disagreement on any phase of medicine which has been inadequately resolved. This is true in the case of right bundle-branch block (RBBB). I would comment that Dr. Gott selected the least significant aspect of my paper towards which to direct his criticism, for, in truth, I agree with him that the RBBB in the young adult is of little significance unless it has developed in a previously normal electrocardiogram, and I so state this in the report. At the same time, one must bear in mind that the presence of any conduction defect in a
Increase in stillbirths in Greece is linked to the economic crisis
Authors: N. Vlachadis, E. Kornarou
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Gardosi and colleagues’ article has prompted us to highlight the recent increase in stillbirths in Greece.1

We analysed official data on stillbirths in Greece from the Hellenic Statistical Authority (ELSTAT). Stillbirth rates in Greece continuously decreased over 42 years, from …
Lectures ON THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF SYPHILIS
Authors: J. H. Sequeira
Journal: BMJ (1917)

Timobject of this course of lectures is not to set forth anything new, but to inidicate certaini practical points rai ed by the crusade against vetiereal disease, and especially the assistance whjiclh general practitioners and the hospitals can gi-e to the ineasui;es introduced by the )ocal Government Board and the county councils.Tlhe early diaonosis and treatinent of sypliilis may be conZ 8idered froin two points of viewv-(1) tlhat of the cure d the individual patietnt, (2) tllat of preventing the spread of thle disiease in the comimnllltiity.The second point of view, that of the community, is that whichi is specially at issue at the present miiomuenit-tlhat is to say, we are to consider the early detection and the treatment of syplilis as public fiealthi measures.Wlhile we are dealing witil tlho disease from this aspect we ate at the same timue endeavouring to effdct a cure in the individual, btut as a tiatter of practice *e find tlat the two efforts do not quiite coincide.for it is a much easier imiatter to render an infected patient non- -infectious thian-to cure hIim of hiis disease.To obtain the best results syphlilis must be diagnosed early, and it is in thjis respect that we cani claim that great dvances lhave been imiade iii recent years.In the first place, we -must get rid of a practice whtichl my experience
Visualization of Acute Hepatic Necrosis with a Bone Imaging Agent
Authors: SHABBIR HAKIM, KWANG G. JOO, GEORGE R. BAEUMLER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

A case of massive hepatic necrosis has been found to have intense, diffuse accumulation of Tc-99m HMDP in the liver. A review of three similar cases revealed that diffuse intense uptake of bone-scanning agents is a grave prognostic sign.
Abstract 2861: A novel negative regulation principle between DAPK and STAT3 in inflammation-associated carcinogenesis.
Authors: Saritha Chakilam, Muktheswar Gandesiri, Tilman Rau, Clemens Neufert, Abbas Agaimy, Vijayalakshmi Mahadevan, Jelena Ivanovska, Ralph Wirtz, Natalya Benderska, Jan Schulze-Lührmann, Nadine Wittkopf, Ajithavalli Chellappan, Petra Ruemmele, Michael Vieth, Margret Rave-Fränk, Hans Christiansen, Arndt Hartmann, Raja Atreya, Christoph Becker, Pablo Steinberg, Regine Schneider-Stock
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract It has been shown that the TNF-IL-6-STAT3 pathway plays a crucial role in promoting ulcerative colitis associated carcinoma (UCC). As inflammation compromises gut homeostasis and is associated with cancer progression, it is important to understand the role of key signalling molecules that are involved in the activation of the inflammatory cascade. Interestingly, we found that intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) of UCC in comparison to ulcerative colitis (UC) show high expression level of the anti-inflammatory Death associated protein kinase (DAPK) but only low levels of pSTAT3. Accordingly, epithelial DAPK expression was enhanced in STAT3IEC-KO mice. To unravel a possible regulatory mechanism we used an in vitro model of TNF-treated IEC. We identified a new function of DAPK in suppressing TNF-induced STAT3 activation as DAPK si knockdown and treatment with a DAPK inhibitor potentiated STAT3 activation and IL-6 secretion. DAPK attenuated STAT3 activity directly by physical interaction shown in a 3D structural model. This model suggests that DAPK induced conformational changes in the STAT3 dimer masked its nuclear localization signal. Vice versa, pharmacologic inactivation of STAT3 led to an increase in DAPK mRNA and protein levels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation data showed that STAT3 restricted DAPK expression by promoter binding, thereby reinforcing its own activation by inducing IL-6. This novel negative regulation principle was confirmed in an AOM-DSS-colon carcinogenesis mouse model. It might balance TNF-induced inflammation and seems to play an important role in the inflammation-associated transformation process. DAPK as a negative regulator of STAT3 emerges as therapeutic option in the treatment of UC and UCC. Citation Format: Saritha Chakilam, Muktheswar Gandesiri, Tilman Rau, Clemens Neufert, Abbas Agaimy, Vijayalakshmi Mahadevan, Jelena Ivanovska, Ralph Wirtz, Natalya Benderska, Jan Schulze-Lührmann, Nadine Wittkopf, Ajithavalli Chellappan, Petra Ruemmele, Michael Vieth, Margret Rave-Fränk, Hans Christiansen, Arndt Hartmann, Raja Atreya, Christoph Becker, Pablo Steinberg, Regine Schneider-Stock. A novel negative regulation principle between DAPK and STAT3 in inflammation-associated carcinogenesis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2861. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2861 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
POOLED ANALYSIS OF LONG-TERM SAFETY DATA FROM THE RESOLUTE CLINICAL TRIAL PROGRAM
Authors: Jorge Atilio Belardi, Alan Yeung, Martin Leon, Patrick Serruys, Ian Meredith, Stephan Windecker, Sigmund Silber, Franz-Josef Neumann, Petr Widimsky, Shigeru Saito, Joseph Massaro, Laura Mauri
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Contrast-Enhanced Anatomic Imaging as Compared to Contrast-Enhanced Tissue Characterization for Detection of Left Ventricular Thrombus
Authors: Jonathan W. Weinsaft, Raymond J. Kim, Michael Ross, Daniel Krauser, Shant Manoushagian, Troy M. LaBounty, Matthew D. Cham, James K. Min, Kirsten Healy, Yi Wang, Michele Parker, Mary J. Roman, Richard B. Devereux
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2009)
Long-Term Correction of Ammonia Metabolism and Prolonged Survival in Ornithine Transcarbamylase-Deficient Mice Following Liver-Directed Treatment with Adeno-associated Viral Vectors
Authors: David Moscioni, Hiroki Morizono, Robert J. McCarter, Adam Stern, Juan Cabrera-Luque, Albert Hoang, Julio Sanmiguel, Di Wu, Peter Bell, Guang-Ping Gao, Steven E. Raper, James M. Wilson, Mark L. Batshaw
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of novel recombinant adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector constructs in correcting metabolic defects in the liver in two strains of ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC)-deficient mice (spf and spf-ash). AAV vectors expressing mouse OTC were produced with capsids from AAV2 and the novel serotypes AAV7, 8, and 9. OTC-deficient mice were infused with these vectors as well as a control AAV2/8 vector expressing LacZ. In vivo activity of OTC was assessed by measuring a surrogate marker, urine orotate. The novel vectors restored orotate levels to virtually normal 15 days after infusion, and each persisted to 1 year posttreatment. Liver OTC enzyme activity in spf mice was substantially higher in animals receiving novel vectors compared to those receiving AAV2 vectors. Animals receiving novel OTC-expressing vectors lived longer than those treated with AAV2 OTC or untreated controls, and they were tolerant to a challenge with NH3 at 21 days and beyond, which caused severe morbidity in control OTC-deficient animals. Numerous mice, representative of all treatment groups followed for +250 days, were observed to have either nodules or discrete tumors in the liver, the etiology of which is the subject of a companion paper.
Accidents Claim 96 000 Lives, but Rate Declining for Some Types
Authors: Amy Suzanne King
Journal: JAMA (1989)

ACCIDENTS, the fourth leading cause of death among persons of all ages in this country and the leading cause of death for Americans between the ages of 1 and 37 years, claimed the lives of an estimated 96 000 persons in the United States during the past year, the National Safety Council, Chicago, Ill, says—an average of 11 accidental deaths and approximately 1000 disabling injuries every hour. Despite hazards at home and on the job, however, during the past decade there has been a decline in the total number of accidental deaths across many classes. A 1985 report released by the National Research Council and the Institute of Medicine, both in Washington, DC, states that "the tendency to attribute injury to 'human error' has nourished the hope that they can best be prevented through voluntary behavior change." Many organizations now promote education as the most effective means of preventing accidents. But
Differential Estrogenic Actions of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals Bisphenol A, Bisphenol AF, and Zearalenone through Estrogen Receptor α and β <i>in Vitro</i>
Authors: Yin Li, Katherine A. Burns, Yukitomo Arao, Colin J. Luh, Kenneth S. Korach
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are widely found in the environment. Estrogen-like activity is attributed to EDCs, such as bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol AF (BPAF), and zearalenone (Zea), but mechanisms of action and diversity of effects are poorly understood.We used in vitro models to evaluate the mechanistic actions of BPA, BPAF, and Zea on estrogen receptor (ER) α and ERβ.We used three human cell lines (Ishikawa, HeLa, and HepG2) representing three cell types to evaluate the estrogen promoter activity of BPA, BPAF, and Zea on ERα and ERβ. Ishikawa/ERα stable cells were used to determine changes in estrogen response element (ERE)-mediated target gene expression or rapid action-mediated effects.The three EDCs showed strong estrogenic activity as agonists for ERα in a dose-dependent manner. At lower concentrations, BPA acted as an antagonist for ERα in Ishikawa cells and BPAF acted as an antagonist for ERβ in HeLa cells, whereas Zea was only a partial antagonist for ERα. ERE-mediated activation by BPA and BPAF was via the AF-2 function of ERα, but Zea activated via both the AF-1 and AF-2 functions. Endogenous ERα target genes and rapid signaling via the p44/42 MAPK pathway were activated by BPA, BPAF, and Zea.BPA and BPAF can function as EDCs by acting as cell type-specific agonists (≥ 10 nM) or antagonists (≤ 10 nM) for ERα and ERβ. Zea had strong estrogenic activity and activated both the AF-1 and AF-2 functions of ERα. In addition, all three compounds induced the rapid action-mediated response for ERα.
Splenomegaly in the tropics.
Authors: P. D. Marsden, P. J. Hamilton
Journal: BMJ (1969)

the bloodflow through the spleen is mainly rapid and intrasinusoidal.In splenomegaly there is usually a second slower circulation through the pulp cords.3The spleen becomes congested following any rise in pressure within the splenic vein.Occasional intrasplenic erythropoiesis as in myelofibrosis suggests that the spleen retains its capacity to produce red cells.Hypersplenism is a term applied to a depression of one or more blood elements (red cells, white cells, platelets) associated with splenomegaly.Detailed lists of the causes of splenomegaly can be found in standard texts.4Only certain groups of conditions associated with splenomegaly which are important and prevalent in the tropics will be discussed here (see Table I).
Primary Prevention With Metoprolol in Patients With Hypertension
Authors: Samuel J. Mann
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.—  In the recent article Primary Prevention With Metoprolol in Patients With Hypertension, 1 the authors reported a higher death rate with diuretic than with metoprolol treatment. The results differ from the findings of the Medical Research Council trial 2 and, it is suggested, may have important implications in clinical practice.  In the article, the average dose of hydrochlorothiazide was 46 mg, and 13% of patients treated with diuretics were hypokalemic (  The past few years have seen support for treatment of hypertension with lower doses of hydrochlorothiazide, with 25 mg being the dose used by many practitioners. The use of potassium-sparing diuretics, alone or in combination with thiazides, also has been advocated. Using these guidelines, the incidence of hypokalemia is considerably lessened.  I would like to
Physician, Protect Thyself: Seven Ways Not to Get Sued for Medical Malpractice
Authors: Louise B. Andrew
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Perinatal Islet Function in Gestational Diabetes: Assessment by Cord Plasma C-Peptide and Amniotic Fluid Insulin
Authors: Edward S Ogata, Norbert Freinkel, Boyd E Metzger, Richard L Phelps, Richard Depp, John J Boehm, Sharon L Dooley
Journal: Diabetes Care (1980)

We have attempted to use perinatal islet performance as an index of the impact of maternal fuels during fetal development. Accordingly, we analyzed cord plasma for C-peptide and amniotic fluid (secured several weeks before delivery) for immunoreactive insulin in infants of mothers with normal metabolism (NM), gestational diabetes (GDM), and tightly regulated White Class B or Class C insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). We tried to subdivide mothers with GDM on the basis of severity by distinguishing between those with fasting plasma glucose within the normal range for pregnancy (i.e., less than 105 mg/dl and those with fasting plasma glucose of 105 mg/dl or greater). Most of the latter were treated with insulin whereas the former received diet alone. We found that cord plasma levels of C-peptide in infants of mothers with GDM &amp;lt; 105, GDM ≥ 105, and IDDM did not differ significantly from one another; all were approximately twofold greater than in infants from mothers with NM. Values for insulin and ratios of insulin/glucose in amniotic fluid were also increased and to a similar degree in all three diabetic groups; all exceeded the findings in the NM group. Our results indicate that islet function is enhanced at birth in the offspring of mothers with even the mildest forms of untreated gestational diabetes (i.e., GDM &amp;lt; 105) to a degree that is not appreciably different than in more severe forms of diabetes receiving tightly regulated insulin therapy. The augmented B-cell secretion cannot be ascribed to intrapartum events, since similar changes were also found in amniotic fluid secured several weeks before delivery. We conclude that neonatal insulin secretion may constitute an exquisitely sensitive index of the effects of ambient fuels during intrauterine life. Neonatal B-cell function thereby may provide a useful yardstick for the retrospective evaluation of maternal glucoregulation during late gestation.