tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rights, wrongs, and journals in the age of cyberspace: "We all want to change the world"
Authors: R. E LaPorte, B. Hibbitts
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Some subscribers have defected recently to the Inter- net.But John Mullaney, SatelLife's executive director, remains certain that this less glamorous system-based on rational technology-will have a vital role for many years.HealthNet works well enough and is affordable.Full and direct connection to the Internet may be more exciting and, in theory, may be much quicker because it delivers information immediately.But it is more expen- sive to set up and use, is difficult to use well (because it is unregulated and messy), it needs expensive technical support, and its telephone lines are often engaged or prone to disconnection."Our store and forward low earth satellite technology may appear to some to be a Model T on the information highway," say SatelLife's directors."Nonetheless it is appropriate, simple, inexpensive, and sustainable."Publications are distributed in collaboration with other organisations including the World Health Organisation, the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Appropriate Health Resources and Technologies Action Group (AHRTAG), World Bank, and publishers of medical journals.
PTU-045 Flexible Endoscopic Treatment Of Zenker’s Diverticulum Using A Soft Diverticuloscope And An Endoscopic Knife – Video Abstract
Authors: R Bhattacharyya, P Bhandari
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Zenker’s diverticulum is a mucosal outpouching through the posterior pharyngeal wall resulting from increased hypopharyngeal pressure. Symptoms may include dysphagia and regurgitation of food. Treatment consists of myotomy of the cricopharyngeus muscle, which is commonly done through an endosurgical approach using a rigid endoscope. We describe a novel method of endoscopic diverticulotomy using a flexible diverticuloscope and an endoscopic knife. <h3>Methods</h3> With the patient under general anaesthesia, a guidewire is inserted under direct vision into the oesophageal lumen through a gastroscope. The gastroscope is removed and the guidewire is threaded through a hole on the long flap of the flexible diverticuloscope (ZD overtube, ZDO-22 _ 30;Cook Endoscopy, Winston-Salem, North Carolina). The overtube is gently advanced to 20cm until resistance is felt. The gastroscope is then inserted through the overtube and its position adjusted so that the longer flap is in the true oesophageal lumen and the shorter flap is in the diverticulum. The septum is now clearly visualised and stable between the two flaps. A 3 mm needle-knife is used to incise the septum. The cut is performed until the muscle fibres are completely cut, and then the cut is extended to a section of the anterior diverticulum and posterior oesophageal wall up to approximately 1 cm from the bottom. At the end of the procedure, one to three endoclips are placed to prevent perforation or bleeding. <h3>Results</h3> We have performed this procedure in 3 patients. 1 patient had no previous surgical intervention, 1 had recurrence following previous surgical diverticulotomy, and 1 patient had severe cervical spondylosis due to which surgery could not be performed as adequate extension of the neck for the surgical procedure was not possible. There have been no complications. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Endoscopic Zenker’s diverticulotomy can be safely performed using a flexible diverticuloscope. We demonstrate the feasibility of performing endoscopic diverticulotomy in patients with recurrence after surgery, or in those who are unsuitable for surgery. We aim to illustrate the principles and technique of this procedure by video demonstration. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
Abstract 4450: A new paradigm for AS1411 activity: Uptake by macropinocytosis and induction of macropinocytosis by a nucleolin-dependent mechanism
Authors: Elsa M. Reyes-Reyes, Paula J. Bates
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract AS1411 is an experimental drug that is currently in Phase II clinical trials as a novel therapy for cancer. It is a G-rich phosphodiester oligodeoxynucleotide, which forms a stable quadruplex structure and binds specifically to nucleolin as an aptamer. We have shown previously that AS1411 can efficiently inhibit proliferation and induce cell death in many types of cancer cells, but has little effect on normal cells. Here, we report on the uptake of fluorescently labeled AS1411 (FL-AS1411) in a variety of cancer cell lines (sensitive to AS1411) and non-malignant cells (resistant to AS1411), which we studied using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. In both cancer and non-malignant cells, uptake of FL-AS1411 was much higher that that of an inactive control oligonucleotide and was rapid (clearly visible in cytoplasmic foci by 15 min). Uptake of FL-AS1411 (evaluated at 2 h) was independent of the presence of serum, but strongly temperature-dependent, indicating an active process. In cancer cells, FL-AS1411 uptake was significantly suppressed by macropinocytosis inhibitor, amiloride, but not by dynamin inhibitor, dynasore, and confocal microscopy showed that AS1411 co-localized mainly with the macropinocytic tracker, dextran, but not with transferrin (a marker of receptor-mediated endocytosis). In contrast, in non-malignant cells, FL-AS1411 uptake was significantly suppressed by dynasore, but not by amiloride. These results suggest that the major mechanism of internalization of AS1411 occurs via macropinocytosis in cancer cells, but via clathrin-dependent and/or caveolae-dependent pathways in normal cells. Additionally, we found that treatment of cancer cells with an oligonucleotide containing the AS1411 sequence caused hyperstimulation of macropinocytosis, provoking an increment in its own uptake. No stimulation of macropinocytosis was observed in non-malignant cells, which are insensitive to AS1411. By using siRNA approaches, we showed that nucleolin is not required for the initial phase of FL-AS1411 uptake (at 2 h), but it is necessary for the induced macropinocytosis and consequently for the second phase of FL-AS1411 uptake (at 24 h). These data confirm the important role of nucleolin in mediating the activity of AS1411 and provide a new model for the mechanism of action of AS1411 in cancer cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4450.
Stalled Replication Induces p53 Accumulation through Distinct Mechanisms from DNA Damage Checkpoint Pathways
Authors: Chui Chui Ho, Wai Yi Siu, Anita Lau, Wan Mui Chan, Talha Arooz, Randy Y.C. Poon
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Stalled replication forks induce p53, which is required to maintain the replication checkpoint. In contrast to the well-established mechanisms of DNA damage-activated p53, the downstream effectors and upstream regulators of p53 during replication blockade remain to be deciphered. Hydroxyurea triggered accumulation of p53 through an increase in protein stability. The requirement of p53 accumulation for the replication checkpoint was not due to p21CIP1/WAF1 as its down-regulation with short-hairpin RNA did not affect the checkpoint. Similar to DNA damage, stalled replication triggered the activation of the MRN–ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)/ATM and Rad3-related–CHK1/CHK2 axis. Down-regulation of CHK1 or CHK2, however, reduced p53 basal expression but not the hydroxyurea-dependent induction. Moreover, p53 was still stabilized in ataxia telangiectasia cells or in cells treated with caffeine, suggesting that ATM was not a critical determinant. These data also suggest that the functions of ATM, CHK1, and CHK2 in the replication checkpoint were not through the p53-p21CIP1/WAF1 pathway. In contrast, induction of p53 by hydroxyurea was defective in cells lacking NBS1 and BLM. In this connection, the impaired replication checkpoint in several other genetic disorders has little correlation with the ability to stabilize p53. These data highlighted the different mechanisms involved in the stabilization of p53 after DNA damage and stalled replication forks. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(4): 2233-41)
Roentgenologic Transient Osteoporosis of the Hip
Authors: GENE G. HUNDER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Clinical data on nine adults who had unexplained transient roentgenologic osteoporosis of one hip are presented. The findings and course of illness were similar enough among the patients to suggest a clinical syndrome. Reports in the literature regarding similar cases and the relationship of the disorder in the present series of cases to other disorders are discussed. An awareness of this syndrome and the possibility of its occurrence in a patient with a painful hip should help in the proper treatment and the further definition of this condition.
Use of Cell-free DNA to Screen for Down's Syndrome
Authors: Lyn S. Chitty
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Standard prenatal screening for trisomy 21 (Down's syndrome) is based on a combination of maternal age, maternal serum biomarkers, and fetal ultrasonographic findings. Such screening can identify 70 to 90% of fetuses with trisomy 21 with a false positive rate of 2 to 5%.1 Screening that is based on analysis of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in maternal plasma is now available through commercial providers in more than 60 countries around the world.2 However, although the sensitivities and specificities obtained through this approach are high,3 there is still much debate as to how this screening should be offered.Most large studies evaluating . . .
Glyburide for Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Richard I. G. Holt
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Mechanisms, proof, and unmet needs: the perspective of a cancer activist.
Authors: S Steingraber
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Cancer activists who participate with cancer researchers in shaping public health policy provide a different perspective on the question of breast cancer etiology. We place a higher priority on reducing women's exposure to suspected breast carcinogens than in debating the specific biochemical mechanisms by which these agents may operate. As the fruits of AIDS activism and antismoking campaigns illustrate, answers to mechanistic questions have not been and should not be the driving force behind public health policy. As such, cancer activists embrace a form of conservatism that advocates prudence in the face of exposure to estrogenic and other endocrine-disrupting chemicals. This perspective stands in contrast to scientific conservatism, which directs its caution toward the issue of proof. Unmet needs for cancer activists refer not so much to data gaps as to the failure to eliminate ongoing cancer hazards. For this author and activist, unmet needs include ending women's continued exposure to such common estrogenic compounds as detergents, triazine herbicides, plastics, and polychlorinated biphenyls.
Mechanism of action of thyroid hormones on erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid synthesis
Authors: L. Michael Snyder, William J. Reddy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

Normal erythrocytes, when incubated with thyroid hormone, were found to have increased levels of 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid. In addition, a partially purified enzyme preparation, when incubated with either a 1,3-diphosphoglyceric acid generating system or 1,3-diphosphoglyceric acid directly, showed increased levels of 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid when exposed to thyroid hormone. The hormonal effect was biphasic and was witnessed after 5 min of incubation. Substitution on the 3 and 5 positions of the basic thyronine molecule was essential for hormonal effect. It appears that thyroid hormone acts by directly stimulating the diphosphoglycerate mutase enzyme. The hormonal effect on 2,3-DPG synthesis may offer a biochemical explanation for the shift in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve observed in thyroid disorders.
THE ANTI-PLATELET EFFECT OF PRASUGREL AS COMPARED WITH CLOPIDOGREL IN ST-ELEVATION ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS UNDERGOING PRIMARY ANGIOPLASTY
Authors: Roy Beigel, Romana Herscovici, Paul Fefer, Hanoch Hod, Shlomi Matetzky
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Exogenous estrogen exposures and changes in diabetic retinopathy. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy.
Authors: B E Klein, R Klein, S E Moss
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the use of exogenous estrogen is associated with changes in the severity of diabetic retinopathy and the incidence of macular edema. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The study design involved observation of two well-defined cohorts of women with diabetes. One group was diagnosed with diabetes at &amp;lt; 30 years of age and used insulin (younger-onset group), and the other group was diagnosed at &amp;gt; or = 30 years of age with no criteria regarding therapy (older-onset group). Subjects received standard examinations, medical interviews, and retinal photography in 1980-1982. Specific questions about exogenous hormone exposure were added to the study questionnaire at the first follow-up examination 4 years after the baseline examination. Change in the severity of retinopathy 6 and 10 years after the 4-year follow-up examination were examined regarding the use of oral contraceptives at the first follow-up examination in the younger-onset group and at 6 years after the first follow-up examination regarding hormone replacement therapy in the older-onset group. RESULTS: Changes in the severity of retinopathy and incidence of macular edema were unrelated to either type of estrogen exposure in univariable and multivariable analyses. CONCLUSIONS: These data are compatible with the hypothesis that the medications used by our population do not affect the severity of diabetic retinopathy or macular edema.
A new method for the radiological assessment of vertebral squaring in ankylosing spondylitis.
Authors: S H Ralston, G D Urquhart, M Brzeski, R D Sturrock
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

A method has been developed for the objective assessment of vertebral 9squaring9 based on quantitative morphometric analysis of vertebral 9concavity9 in lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine. The reference range for vertebral concavity was defined as greater than 1.0-4.0 mm from measurements of 255 radiologically normal lumbar vertebrae in 51 patients with non-specific back pain. Evidence of vertebral squaring, as defined by concavity measurements of 1 mm or less, was found in 28% of vertebrae from 103 patients with ankylosing spondylitis and 8% of vertebrae from 10 patients with Reiter9s syndrome. Assessment of vertebral squaring by the concavity measurement was more reproducible than subjective analysis in the diagnosis of vertebral squaring; in a subgroup of 30 patients with seronegative spondyloarthropathy, the interobserver agreement on the presence or absence of vertebral squaring as assessed by two independent clinicians was 84%, compared with 94% using the concavity measurement. Corresponding values for intraobserver agreement were 79% for subjective analysis and 84% for the concavity measurement. The vertebral concavity measurement is performed simply, rapidly (about three minutes for five lumbar vertebrae), and requires no special experience or equipment. As a result of this, the technique may be of value in the radiological diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis and in assessing changes in vertebral squaring in individual patients with time.
Type IV Hyperlipoproteinemia in a Consanguinous Family
Authors: MORTEZA AMIDI
Journal: Circulation (1972)

The involvement of all five offspring of consanguinous and hypertriglyceridemic parents (first cousins) is reported. Three sons and two daughters of this family have increased triglycerides, normal cholesterol, and normal or slightly increased phospholipids. Mother and elder daughter have abnormal glucose tolerance. Father and mother are hypertensive; father had recent development of myocardial infarction and gout. The two elder sons had myocardial infarction and repeated bouts of angina. All three male offspring of this family have gout and are being treated with xanthinoxidase inhibitor (allopurinol). Planar xanthoma was present in one son with myocardial infarction. No chylomicronemia was noted. The response to diet and Atromid-S was satisfactory.
Internalization and retention of nanodiamonds by MCF-7 cells in vitro: a potential drug delivery platform.
Authors: SA Khan, DZ Ivancic, T Zaichuk, H Huang, M Chen, R Lam, M Zhang, RT Chatterton, D Ho
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #2134 Background: Selective uptake and prolonged retention of drugs will facilitate pharmacotherapy to the breast. This may be accomplished by complexing of drugs to carbon-based nanodiamond (ND) particles, 2-8nm size. ND particles are attractive for this purpose because they are inert and non-toxic.We tested the uptake and retention of ND particles by the estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cell line MCF-7.&amp;#x2028; Methods: Polylysine coated ND were labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC-ND), and examined by UV-visible spectra and found to be stable. MCF-7 cells were cultured on Lab-Tek II chamber slides using DMEM with 10% FCS, insulin, sodium pyruvate, L-glutamine, and Pen/Strep. To assess the efficiency of ND internalization, we added 10ug/ml ND-FITC in complete media to the chamber slides and incubated for 30 min, 1 hr, 3 hr, 4 hr, 17 hr, and 24 hr. FITC-ND was withdrawn from the medium after an initial exposure of 17 hr by washing of cells, and retention of fluorescence was measured at intervals, up to 3 days after withdrawal. To assess the ability of MCF-7 cells to take up NDs under low metabolic conditions MCF-7 cells were incubated in serum-free medium. As a control soluble FITC alone was incubated at 10 ug/ml with MCF-7 cells. Cells were imaged on the laser confocal microscope and FITC detection at 488nm was analyzed by three dimensional Z stack imaging.&amp;#x2028; Results: Fluorescence was initially associated with the membrane surface, and later was visualized in the cytoplasm and in the perinuclear zone. Cellular uptake of FITC and ND-FITC occurred at 30 minutes and reached a maximum at 17 hr of incubation. After washing of cells, the retention studies showed little decrease in the intensity of the ND-FITC signal within the cells up to 96 hours. The FITC molecule was readily released from the cells by passive diffusion within 24 hours while NDs appeared to be compartmentalized in cytoplasmic vesicles.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Conclusions: Internalization of ND particles within the cell cytoplasm occurs within a relatively short time, and the ND particles are retained for at least 96 hours following removal from the culture medium. This prolonged retention is likely to be an advantage when considering novel routes of drug delivery to the breast, such as transdermal or intraductal approaches.&amp;#x2028; Funded by Avon. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2134.
Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma in children: a detailed clinicopathological description of 11 multifocal cases with a high frequency of haemophagocytic syndrome
Authors: I. Oschlies, I. Simonitsch-Klupp, J. Maldyk, D. Konovalov, D. Abramov, N. Myakova, J. Lisfeld, A. Attarbaschi, U. Kontny, W. Woessmann, W. Klapper
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
ETIOPATHOGENIC DIFFERENCES IN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AND PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE: RESULTS FROM NATIONAL HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY (NHANES) 1999-2004
Authors: Shikhar Agarwal, Navkaranbir Bajaj, Tarique Zaman, E. Murat Tuzcu, Samir Kapadia
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Chronic urticaria after vasectomy.
Authors: R P Warin
Journal: BMJ (1977)

I have recently seen 2 patients with chronic urticaria in whom the condition started 1 week following vasectomy. In both the urticaria has persisted for 1-2 years and appeared to be of the ordinary type of chronic urticaria, with some angioedema swellings from time to time. I have not been able to make a complete check of the literature, and it may well be that this finding has been noted before. The association may be just a coincidence, or even psychological factors may have been operative. However, there could be an immunological explanation. For example, it is well known that antisperm antibodies may develop after vasectomy, and also a glycoprotein contained in the seminal plasma has also been shown to have been an antigen responsible for urticaria in a female partner. Until now I have not sought information after vasectomy in the male patients with chronic urticaria, and the purpose of this letter is to draw attention to the possible association, and find out if it has already been noted by any of your readers.
IMPACT OF INCREASED ARTERIAL STIFFNESS AND WAVE REFLECTION ON THE PREVALENCE OF PAROXYSMAL ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Toru Miyoshi, Msayuki Doi, Satoshi Hirohata, Shozo Kusachi, Kazufumi Nakamura, Satoshi Nagase, Kunihisa Kono, Hiroshi Morita, Kengo Kusano, Hiroshi Ito
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Will Lower Drug Prices Jeopardize Drug Research? A Policy Fact Sheet
Authors: Donald W. Light, Joel Lexchin
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2004)

This documented fact sheet provides evidence that all drug research by large firms, net of taxpayers' subsidies, is paid for out of domestic sales in each country, with profits to spare. Prices can be lower without jeopardizing basic research for new drugs. More exposure to global price competition would encourage more innovative research and less of the derivative me-too research that now dominates. In the U.S., the FDA Commissioner, Mark McClellan, and the drug industry are responding to pressures for lower costs by mounting a large campaign to pressure all other affluent countries to raise their prices to U.S. levels. They claim that lower prices do not pay for drug research costs, but we provide evidence that this is untrue. Ultimately, however, such nationalistic arguments are based on regarding basic research and new discoveries, which can happen anywhere, and the cost of trials, which are carried out in the countries deemed most commercially advantageous, as part of national companies and national accounts, when in fact they are part of a global economy for pharmaceutical products.