tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic submucosal dissection using the “Clutch Cutter” for early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kazuya Akahoshi, Yousuke Minoda, Keishi Komori, Yasuaki Motomura, Masaru Kubokawa, Yoshihiro Otsuka, Syouhei Hamada, Shinichirou Fukuda, Risa Iwao, Junya Gibo, Masafumi Oya, Kazuhiko Nakamura
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> To reduce the risk of complications related to the use of knives in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), we developed the Clutch Cutter which can grasp and incise targeted tissue using electrosurgical current, similarly to a biopsy technique. The study aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ESD using the Clutch Cutter for early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. <b>Patients and methods:</b> ESD using the Clutch Cutter was performed on 32 consecutive patients with early esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Therapeutic efficacy and safety were assessed. <b>Results:</b> All lesions were treated easily and safely without unintended incision. En bloc resection was obtained in all patients. Histologically negative margins were obtained in 26/32 patients (81 %). Endoscopic perforation due to the hood in one patient (3 %), mediastinitis without endoscopic perforation in one patient (3 %), and post-ESD stricture in 5 patients (16 %) were observed. All were successfully managed conservatively. <b>Conclusions:</b> ESD using the Clutch Cutter appears to be a safe, easy, and technically efficient method for resecting early esophageal squamous cell carcinomas.
KSHV/HHV-8 infection of human hematopoietic progenitor (CD34+) cells: persistence of infection during hematopoiesis in vitro and in vivo
Authors: William Wu, Jeffrey Vieira, Nancy Fiore, Prabal Banerjee, Michelle Sieburg, Rosemary Rochford, William Harrington, Gerold Feuer
Journal: Blood (2006)
Predictors of type 2 diabetes in a nationally representative sample of adults with psychosis
Authors: Debra L. Foley, Andrew Mackinnon, Vera A. Morgan, Gerald F. Watts, John J. McGrath, David J. Castle, Anna Waterreus, Cherrie A. Galletly
Journal: World Psychiatry (2014)

Antipsychotic drugs such as clozapine and olanzapine are associated with an increased risk for type 2 diabetes, but relatively little is known about the relationship between risk factors for type 2 diabetes established in the general population and type 2 diabetes in people with psychosis. We estimated the prevalence of established risk factors and their association with type 2 diabetes in a nationally representative sample of people with an ICD-10 psychosis (N=1642) who gave a fasting blood sample (N=1155). Logistic regression was used to summarize associations adjusted for age and sex. In this sample, whose mean duration of psychosis was 14.7 years, 12.1% (13.1% of women and 11.5% of men) had type 2 diabetes at age 18–64 years based on current fasting blood glucose levels or treatment with a hypoglycaemic drug. Risk was greatly increased in young adults compared with the general population and peaked in middle age. Risk factors in the general population were common in people with psychosis and strongly associated with type 2 diabetes in those people. Treatment with clozapine was associated with an increased risk and treatment with olanzapine with a decreased risk for type 2 diabetes. The development of diabetes or pre-diabetes may therefore influence the likelihood of treatment with olanzapine over time. The strongest predictors of type 2 diabetes in a multivariate model were a body mass index of at least 40 and treated hypercholesterolemia, followed by a body mass index between 35 and 39.9, a family history of diabetes and treated hypertension. There was minimal to no confounding of the association between type 2 diabetes and current clozapine or olanzapine treatment, but neither association remained significant after adjustment for other predictors. Longitudinal relationships among predictors are likely to be complex, and previous antipsychotic drug treatment may at least partly explain risks associated with severe obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension. A focus on weight loss is warranted in people with psychosis, but prevention strategies for type 2 diabetes should be broadened to include those with emerging dyslipidemia, hypertension and a family history of diabetes.
Hirsutism, Obesity, and Phenothiazine Therapy
Authors: Ralph G. Wieland
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The report of Phillips et al (241:920, 1979) suggested an association of hirsutism with long-term phenothiazine therapy. The authors mentioned that testosterone levels were either normal or slightly below normal limits, although no numbers were given. In addition, no indication of levels of sex steroid binding globulin or free testosterone is available in the article. The figures showed the patient to be clearly obese. Obesity has a well-known effect on decreasing sex steroid binding globulin, thus increasing free<sup>1,2</sup>but not necessarily total testosterone levels. It is clear now that this effect is reversible with weight loss produced by either intestinal bypass<sup>3</sup>or dietary techniques<sup>4</sup>; thus, obesity would seem the more noteworthy explanation for the patient's hirsutism.
Systemic sclerosis in association with peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum
Authors: M. Fujikura, T. Ohtsuka, Y. Oyamada
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Conflicts of interest: none declared. Sir, Pyoderma gangrenosum is an idiopathic skin condition and an uncommon extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease.1 An unusual presentation of pyoderma gangrenosum is at the peristomal site in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.2 In a study of 525 patients with an abdominal stoma, three were found to have pyoderma gangrenosum.3 Pyoderma gangrenosum occurs in association not only with inflammatory bowel disease, but also with other diseases.4 We report an unusual case of systemic sclerosis associated with pyoderma gangrenosum at the peristomal site. A 73‐year‐old woman was admitted to our dermatology clinic with a refractory skin ulcer at the peristomal site. She had undergone surgery for colon cancer and an artificial stoma was made on the left side of her abdomen 2 years previously. A deep ulcer developed at the left side of the stoma. The ulcer was treated with dressing materials and basic fibroblast growth factor, without success. Examination showed a deep ulcer at the left side of her stoma (size 20 × 26 mm) (Fig. 1a). Treatment with oral prednisolone (initial dose 30 mg daily) was started under the possible diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum. The ulcer had completely re‐epithelialized 4 weeks after the start of oral prednisolone treatment (Fig. 1b). General examination showed Raynaud’s phenomenon, sclerodactyly, periungual erythema, and swelling of bilateral hand joints. Autoantibody investigations showed positive antinuclear antibody (1 : 80 titre), positive anticentromere antibody and positive anti‐SS‐A antibody. The result of chest computed tomography showed mild bibasilar pulmonary fibrosis. Histological examination of her left third finger showed homogenization and proliferation of collagen fibres in the lower dermis and subcutaneous fat tissue. These studies led us to the final diagnosis of systemic sclerosis (limited type) in association with pyoderma gangrenosum that had developed at the peristomal site. She has been treated with oral prednisolone 10 mg daily with no recurrence of the ulcer.
Improving efficiency and sensitivity: European Research Initiative in CLL (ERIC) update on the international harmonised approach for flow cytometric residual disease monitoring in CLL
Authors: A C Rawstron, S Böttcher, R Letestu, N Villamor, C Fazi, H Kartsios, R M de Tute, J Shingles, M Ritgen, C Moreno, K Lin, A R Pettitt, M Kneba, E Montserrat, F Cymbalista, M Hallek, P Hillmen, P Ghia
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Alcohol-Induced Intrahepatic Cholestasis.
Authors: George A. Edwards
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968Alcohol-Induced Intrahepatic Cholestasis.George A. Edwards, M.D., F.A.C.P.George A. Edwards, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1146_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThirty-three cases of alcohol-induced intrahepatic cholestasis were analyzed from histologic, laboratory, and clinical standpoints for the purpose of defining the spectrum of underlying liver disease. Studies were limited to chronic alcoholic patients with laboratory evidence of obstructive jaundice for which there was no obvious extrahepatic cause. Standard liver function tests and conventional light microscopy were employed. Eleven patients had multiple attacks so that observations were made in 51 episodes.The histological features of acute alcoholic hepatitis—hepatocytonecrosis, hyaline degeneration, and acute inflammation—were present in 14 cases (group A) and absent in 19 (group B). Fatty metamorphosis, portal scarring, and nodular hyperplasia... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: George A. Edwards, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAcute Isolated Hyperbilirubinemia as a Presentation of Alcoholic Liver Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1146-1147KeywordsAlcoholicsAlcoholsClinical laboratoriesLight microscopyLiver diseasesLiver function testsResearch laboratories ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
Fluoxetine for Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Michael Dettling, Carolin Opgen-Rhein, Arnim Quante, Ion Anghelescu
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Expression of a Truncated Active Form of VDAC1 in Lung Cancer Associates with Hypoxic Cell Survival and Correlates with Progression to Chemotherapy Resistance
Authors: M. Christiane Brahimi-Horn, Danya Ben-Hail, Marius Ilie, Pierre Gounon, Matthieu Rouleau, Véronique Hofman, Jérôme Doyen, Bernard Mari, Varda Shoshan-Barmatz, Paul Hofman, Jacques Pouysségur, Nathalie M. Mazure
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Resistance to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis of tumor cells represents a major hurdle to efficient cancer therapy. Although resistance is a characteristic of tumor cells that evolve in a low oxygen environment (hypoxia), the mechanisms involved remain elusive. We observed that mitochondria of certain hypoxic cells take on an enlarged appearance with reorganized cristae. In these cells, we found that a major mitochondrial protein regulating metabolism and apoptosis, the voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), was linked to chemoresistance when in a truncated (VDAC1-ΔC) but active form. The formation of truncated VDAC1, which had a similar channel activity and voltage dependency as full-length, was hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)-dependent and could be inhibited in the presence of the tetracycline antibiotics doxycycline and minocycline, known inhibitors of metalloproteases. Its formation was also reversible upon cell reoxygenation and associated with cell survival through binding to the antiapoptotic protein hexokinase. Hypoxic cells containing VDAC1-ΔC were less sensitive to staurosporine- and etoposide-induced cell death, and silencing of VDAC1-ΔC or treatment with the tetracycline antibiotics restored sensitivity. Clinically, VDAC1-ΔC was detected in tumor tissues of patients with lung adenocarcinomas and was found more frequently in large and late-stage tumors. Together, our findings show that via induction of VDAC1-ΔC, HIF-1 confers selective protection from apoptosis that allows maintenance of ATP and cell survival in hypoxia. VDAC1-ΔC may also hold promise as a biomarker for tumor progression in chemotherapy-resistant patients. Cancer Res; 72(8); 2140–50. ©2012 AACR.
Kallmann syndrome. From genetics to neurobiology
Authors: E. I. Rugarli
Journal: JAMA (1993)

IN THE last few years, numerous discoveries in the field of human genetics have had a significant impact both on medical practice and on basic science. Kallmann syndrome represents the first human disease caused by a neuronal migration defect for which the gene has been identified and is a good example of how genetics has permitted the integration of clinical observation with developmental biology, contributing to the understanding of disease pathogenesis. The purpose of this article is to review the clinical, biological, and molecular genetic aspects of Kallmann syndrome and to discuss their correlation.  CLINICAL FEATURES AND PATHOGENESIS  Kallmann syndrome is an inherited disorder, defined by the association of hypogonadism and anosmia. Since the description of the first patients by Kallmann in 1944, many familial and sporadic cases have been reported.1-3Autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked recessive inheritance patterns have been described, indicating genetic heterogeneity.2,3The incidence of
Is Pulmonary Vein Antrum Isolation a Critical Determinant of Recurrent Arrhythmias After Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation?⁎⁎Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiologyreflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACCor the American College of Cardiology.
Authors: Bruce D. Lindsay
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor regulates the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway in a dioxin response element-independent manner
Authors: Rachel Tanos, Rushang D. Patel, Iain A. Murray, Philip B. Smith, Andrew D. Patterson, Gary H. Perdew
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor. Activation of AhR mediates the expression of target genes (e.g., CYP1A1 ) by binding to dioxin response element (DRE) sequences in their promoter region. To understand the multiple mechanisms of AhR-mediated gene regulation, a microarray analysis on liver isolated from ligand-treated transgenic mice expressing a wild-type (WT) Ahr or a DRE-binding mutant Ahr (A78D) on an ahr - null background was performed. Results revealed that AhR DRE binding is not required for the suppression of genes involved in cholesterol synthesis. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction performed on both mouse liver and primary human hepatocyte RNA demonstrated a coordinated repression of genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis, namely, HMGCR, FDFT1, SQLE , and LSS after receptor activation. An additional transgenic mouse line was established expressing a liver-specific Ahr-A78D on a Cre Alb / Ahrflox/flox background. These mice displayed a similar repression of cholesterol biosynthetic genes, compared to Ahrflox/flox mice, further indicating that the observed modulation is AhR specific and occurs in a DRE-independent manner. Elevated hepatic transcriptional levels of the genes of interest were noted in congenic C57BL/6J - Ahd allele mice, when compared to the WT C57BL/6J mice, which carry the Ahb allele. Down-regulation of AhR nuclear translocator levels using short interfering RNA in a human cell line revealed no effect on the expression of cholesterol biosynthetic genes. Finally, cholesterol secretion was shown to be significantly decreased in human cells after AhR activation. Conclusion: These data firmly establish an endogenous role for AhR as a regulator of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway independent of its DRE-binding ability, and suggest that AhR may be a previously unrecognized therapeutic target.
Risk of presentation to hospital with epileptic seizures after vaccination with monovalent AS03 adjuvanted pandemic A/H1N1 2009 influenza vaccine (Pandemrix): self controlled case series study
Authors: L. Arnheim-Dahlstrom, J. Hallgren, C. E. Weibull, P. Sparen
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the risk of epileptic seizures in people with and without epilepsy after vaccination with a monovalent AS03 adjuvanted pandemic A/H1N1 influenza vaccine (Pandemrix; Glaxo SmithKline, Sweden). <b>Design</b> Register based self controlled case series. <b>Setting</b> Three Swedish counties (source population 750 000). <b>Participants</b> 373 398 people (age 0-106, median 41.2) who were vaccinated. Vaccinated people with epileptic seizures, diagnosed as inpatients or outpatients, at any time from 90 days before until 90 days after any dose of vaccine. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Endpoints were admission to hospital or outpatient hospital care with epileptic seizures as the main diagnosis. The effect estimate of relative incidence was calculated as the incidence of epileptic seizures in period after exposure relative to the incidence of epileptic seizures in two control periods, one before and one after vaccination. <b>Results</b> 859 people experienced epileptic seizures during the study period. There was no increased risk of seizures in people with previously diagnosed epilepsy (relative incidence 1.01, 95% confidence interval 0.74 to 1.39) and a non-significant decrease in risk for people without epilepsy (0.67, 0.27 to 1.65) during the day 1-7 risk period (where day 1 is the day of vaccination). In a second risk period (day 8-30), there was a non-significant increased risk of seizures in people without epilepsy (1.11, 0.73 to 1.70) but no increase in risk for those with epilepsy (1.00, 0.83 to 1.21). <b>Conclusions</b> This study found no evidence of an increase in risk of presentation to hospital with epileptic seizures after vaccination with a monovalent AS03 adjuvanted pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccine.
SURFACE TENSION OF SERUM IN GENERAL PARALYSIS: AN AID TO DIAGNOSIS
Authors: B. H. Shaw
Journal: BMJ (1931)

Diaphragm .-Thepleural surface-of the diaphragm was found to be studded with nodules varying from 1/ 4 inch to 12 inches in diameter.Spleen-.The spleen was greatly enlarged and firmly ad- lherent to the diaplhragm and other neighbouring structures, and was removed with great difficulty.On section, a very large portion was found to consist of a tumour which was growvinlg at the periphery and in offshoots into the remaining spleilic tissue.In the greater part of its extent the tumour appeared to be undergoing a process of necrosis with softening and cavity formation at the centre.\Vhen it was sectioned a thick yellowish fluid escaped from the cavity.Liver.-The liver was firmly adherent to the diaphragm and to a large mass of tissue which occupied the epigastrium.The capsule of the organ was marked by white lines, which had a root-like appearance.A large rounded-tumour, measuring 3 by 2 inches, occupied the lower surface of the right lobe.It was subcapsular and compressed the liver tissue.At only one place, however, had actual invasion of the liver occurred.When sectioned the liver had a dull, greyish colour, and at one point of the right lobe approached the nutmeg appearance.Kidnzeys.-Theright kidney was shelled out from its capsule, which was firmly adherent to dense surrounding tissue.It presented in a marked degree the foetal lobulation.Apart from slight hvperaemia it appeared to be otherwise normal.
The Role of Computers in Medical Research
Authors: Homer R. Warner
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The purpose of research in medicine is to find new relationships and refine knowledge of already known relationships among the elements which constitute living systems and to find better ways of using this knowledge for prediction and control of the living system. The computer brings to the researcher in almost any phase of medical research a means for amplifying his own powers of observation and insight. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss two of the ways in which computers are presently being used to serve these purposes, namely, on-line data processing and computer simulation of living systems.  Storage, Transformation, and Display of Data  Many new devices have been developed in recent years for the storage and display of information. As a point of reference, consider the strip chart recorder used by most physicians for recording the electrocardiogram. This useful device has limitations, however, in that generally (1)
LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS OF AUTOSENSITIZATION TO SKIN.
Authors: W. E. PARISH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1961)

Journal Article LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS OF AUTOSENSITIZATION TO SKIN. Get access W. E. PARISH, B.A., B.V.Sc. W. E. PARISH, B.A., B.V.Sc. Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 73, Issue 1, 1 January 1961, Pages 10–21, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1961.tb14389.x Published: 01 January 1961
Falls and Fractures in Patients With Alzheimer-Type Dementia
Authors: David M. Buchner, Eric B. Larson
Journal: JAMA (1987)

The prevention of fall-related injuries in patients with Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD) is hampered by an incomplete understanding of their causes. We studied falls and fractures in 157 ATD patients, including 117 with three-year follow-up. Initially all but one patient could walk; 31% reported falls. During follow-up, 50% either fell or became unable to walk. The fracture rate during follow-up (69/1000/y) was more than three times the age- and sex-adjusted fracture rate in the general population. Features of both ATD and comorbid conditions contributed to the risk of falls and fractures. In particular, patients who experienced toxic reactions to drugs on entry into the study were more likely to report they had fallen prior to entry (odds ratio, 4.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.78 to 13.3), and patients who wandered were more likely to sustain fractures (odds ratio, 3.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.25 to 10.4) during the follow-up period, including hip fractures for which the odds ratio of 6.9 (95% confidence interval, 1.66 to 28.6) was unexpectedly high. Preventive measures may be possible, including controlling wandering, avoiding toxic reactions to drugs, and treating comorbid illnesses.