tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epinephrine in the Treatment of Cardiac Failure due to Shunts
Authors: ABRAHAM M. RUDOLPH, EMMANUEL MESEL, JAY M. LEVY
Journal: Circulation (1963)

A technic for establishing a controlled aorto-pulmonary shunt in closed-chest, spontaneously breathing dogs has been developed. Wide opening of the shunt is well tolerated in some animals, but others develop acute left ventricular failure. Administration of sympathetic blocking agents may induce a failure response on opening the shunt, in an animal that previously tolerated it well. Epinephrine infusion during the control period consistently prevented cardiac failure when the shunt was widely opened. Epinephrine was also capable of reversing the failure, if rapidly infused before left ventricular systolic pressure had dropped to extremely low levels. It was also effective in countering the adverse effects of sympathetic blocking agents. The optimal rate of infusion was found to be 0.5 to 1.5 µg./Kg./min. of epinephrine hydrochloride. A constant infusion of epinephrine hydrochloride was administered to three infants with large left-to-right shunts who had failed to respond to intensive decongestive measures, and who manifested severe cardiac failure with severe pulmonary edema. Marked clinical improvement resulted, and anesthesia and surgery were well tolerated while the infusion was continued. Epinephrine should be administered with a constant infusion apparatus to avoid induction of ventricular ectopic beats due to overdosage. Its use is reserved, at present, for the management of the desperately sick infant with acute left ventricular failure due to systemic-pulmonary shunts.
Scientists Bag Marsupial Genome
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2007)

The first marsupial genome to be sequenced, that of the grey short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica), is providing insights into the X chromosome and the genetics of the immune system, report an international team of scientists (Mikkelsen TS et al. Nature. 2007;447:167-177).
Abdominal discomfort and abnormal liver function
Authors: S. Quigley, J. Colledge, S. Patel, W. Gayed
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A 79 year old man with a history of heart disease presented to the emergency department with chest pain and abdominal discomfort localised to the right upper quadrant. On examination, he had bilateral pitting oedema to the level of the thighs, scrotal oedema, and sacral oedema. He had a systolic murmur on auscultation, with normal breath sounds and no added sounds. Routine haematology and renal profile were within normal limits, although liver function tests showed bilirubin 18 μmol/L (reference range 3-21), aspartate transaminase 37 IU/L (15-40), alanine transaminase 89 IU/L (10-40), alkaline phosphatase 553 IU/L (30-126), and γ-glutamyltranspeptidase 681 IU/L (12-58). He underwent computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) (fig 1⇓), which excluded a pulmonary embolus. An abdominal ultrasound to investigate his abnormal liver function showed dilated hepatic veins, a dilated inferior vena cava, ascites, and the presence of biphasic pulsatile portal venous flow.



Fig 1 Computed tomography pulmonary angiography: (A) coronal view and (B) axial view





### 1 What are the relevant findings on CTPA?

#### Short answer

The computed tomography pulmonary angiogram shows cardiomegaly and dense contrast within dilated hepatic veins and ascites (fig 2⇓).



Fig 2 Computed tomography pulmonary angiogram showing dilated inferior vena cava (arrows) and hepatic veins …
Haemorrhage from Detached Placenta near the Eighth Month of Gestation: Labour Induced by Barnes's Dilator: Recovery
Authors: W. J. Tubbs
Journal: BMJ (1866)

MRS., aged 44, had had three children, each labour being normal.She said she was standing in a cart on the 25th of November, and giving her little girl to her husband, who had just got out at his own door, when the horse went on and she was thrown forwards, but was saved by her husband from falling.She was frightened, but soon recovered from the shock.During the night, she got out of bed to pass urine, when a large quantity of blood poured from her.When she returned into bed, the hemorrhage ceased.In the morning, she rose and continued her domestic duties as usual.
Abstract 2949: YK-4-279 is a small molecule inhibitor of ETV1 and inhibits metastasis in a mouse model
Authors: Said Rahim, Sarah Justvig, Sung-Hyeok Hong, Perrer Tosso, Haydar Celik, Yasemin Sayedigar-Kont, Milton Brown, Colm Morrissey, Jeffrey Toretsky, Aykut Üren
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The erythroblastosis virus E26 transforming sequences (ETS) family of transcription factors consists of a highly conserved group of genes that play important roles in cellular proliferation, differentiation, migration and invasion. Chromosomal translocations fusing ETS factors to promoters of androgen responsive genes have been found in a majority of prostate cancers, including the most clinically aggressive forms. ERG and ETV1 are the most commonly translocated ETS proteins. Over-expression of these proteins in prostate cancer cells results in a more invasive phenotype. The high prevalence of these rearrangements, and their biological significance represents a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of prostate cancer. We recently demonstrated that the small molecule YK-4-279 inhibits ERG and ETV1 biological activity in fusion-positive prostate cancer cells leading to decreased motility and invasion in-vitro. Here, we present our findings in an in-vivo mouse xenograft model. SCID-beige mice were subcutaneously implanted with fusion-positive LNCaP and fusion-negative PC-3 tumors. Animals were treated with YK-4-279 and its effect on tumor size, lung metastasis and survival were observed. YK-4-279 treatment resulted in decreased tumor size in the LNCaP cohort only. A reduction in tumor metastasis to the lungs was observed in compound treated LNCaP animals with comparable tumor sizes. YK-4-279 also increased survival in LNCaP mice. Expression of ETV1 target genes MMP7, FKBP10 and GLYATL2 was reduced as well. ETS fusion-negative PC-3 xenografts were unresponsive to the compound. YK-4-279 is a chiral molecule that exists as a racemic mixture of R and S enantiomers. As part of this study, we also established that (S) -YK-4-279 is the active enantiomer in prostate cancer cells. (S) -YK-4-279 binds to ETV1 with comparable kinetics as the racemic mixture and inhibits ETV1 activity. (R) -YK-4-279 does not demonstrate ETV1 binding or inhibition. Our results demonstrate that YK-4-279 is a potent inhibitor of ETV1 and should be further evaluated for its clinical applications in prostate cancer. Citation Format: Said Rahim, Sarah Justvig, Sung-Hyeok Hong, Perrer Tosso, Haydar Celik, Yasemin Sayedigar-Kont, Milton Brown, Colm Morrissey, Jeffrey Toretsky, Aykut Üren. YK-4-279 is a small molecule inhibitor of ETV1 and inhibits metastasis in a mouse model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2949. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2949
Proposed Child Protection Information System seems to run counter to best evidence
Authors: J. Woodman, R. Gilbert
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<b>Objective:</b>To present feasibility data on SMART, the first teen worksite behavioural tobacco control intervention. <b>Design:</b>This phase II study was designed to estimate the efficacy and feasibility of a small scale, randomised, controlled intervention. <b>Setting and subjects:</b>This study, addressing youths aged 15–18 years, was implemented in four intervention and five control grocery stores that had an average of 44 eligible teens. <b>Interventions:</b>The tobacco use cessation and prevention interventions were based on social influences and peer leader models. Employee break rooms served as centres both for interactive activities including open houses, teen advisory boards, peer leader interviews, games and contests; and non-interactive interventions including bulletin boards and table tents with health messages and home mailings. <b>Main process measures:</b>Project staff collected process data on the extent of implementation of intervention activities, participation rates in activities, and contacts with peer leaders. On the final survey, teens reported on awareness of, participation in, and motivation for participating in project activities. <b>Results:</b>Indicators of feasibility were identified and discussed, including the number of activities implemented, teen participation, management support, cost, and barriers to and facilitators of implementation. During the 12 month intervention, a mean of 24.1 interactive activities and 55.3 non-interactive activities were implemented, and a mean 14.2% participation rate per activity per site was achieved. Eighty four per cent of teens reported being aware of SMART, and 39% reported participating in interactive and 67% in non-interactive activities. <b>Conclusions:</b>Teen smoking cessation rates in worksite programmes might be improved if they are conducted in companies where there is job stability and if teen programmes are part of worksite-wide tobacco control programmes that include both teens and adults.
TCT-628 Safety and Efficacy of Everolimus-Eluting Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffolds in Complex Coronary Lesions
Authors: Suzanne de Waha, Mohamed El-Mawardy, Dmitriy S. Sulimov, Takao Sato, Ralph Toelg, Mohamed Abdel-Wahab, Gert Richardt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
ABC of complementary medicine: Users and practitioners of complementary medicine
Authors: C. Zollman, A. Vickers
Journal: BMJ (1999)

<h3>Background</h3> COPD is associated with extrapulmonary manifestations that worsen patient’s daily physical activity (DPA)(1). However, changes in DPA over time and contributing factors in this population have not been established. We hypothesise that patients with COPD would have lower DPA after one year. <h3>Method</h3> As part of a longitudinal study in COPD (ARCADE), DPA was recorded as the number of steps using a multisensor armband (SenseWear Pro armband) in 28 patients with stable COPD for 7 days and repeated after one year for a further 7 days. Spirometry, body composition, handgrip strength (HGS), six-minute walk distance (6MWD), the COPD assessment test (CAT) were also recorded. <h3>Results</h3> Patients mean (SD) age was 69 (7) years, BMI 27.2 (4.7) Kg/m<sup>2</sup> and FEV<sub>1</sub>% predicted 52 (15). After one year, there was a reduction in the number of daily steps by 498 (218) steps and fat free mass (FFM) 1.10 (1.75) kg, with an increase in fat mass (FM) 1.06 (2.24) kg and FFM/FM 0.11 (01), all p &lt; 0.01. No changes were observed in FEV<sub>1</sub>%, BMI, HGSor 6MWD. The rate of decline in the number of steps was 12.3% per year which related to baseline FFM, r = -0.51 and HGS, r = -0.53, all p &lt; 0.01. Linear regression analysis showed that FFM and HGS can predict 23% and 26% respectively of the variability in the reduction in the number of steps. <h3>Conclusion</h3> There was a significant reduction in daily physical activity after one year, which related to baseline FFM and HGS, but was not associated with lung function and 6MWD. Despite maintaining the BMI level, there was a fat free mass turnover, which may indicate a hidden muscle catabolism. Therefore, early management to prevent muscle mass loss would improve patient’s daily physical activity and quality of health. <h3>References</h3> Watz, K et al (2008) <i>AJRCCM</i> 177(7), pp.743–751.
The Man Without a History
Authors: Simeon Locke
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>[Protocol]</h3> A 45-year-old white man was found unconscious on the floor of his rooming house flat. No other history was available. <h3>Admission Findings.—</h3> At admission he was dirty and ill-shaven, and responded only to pain. Vital signs were pulse, 100 beats per minute and regular; respirations, 20/min and regular; temperature 38.3 C (101 F). Blood pressure was 220/120 mm Hg. He had purple ecchymoses over his left eye and a recent laceration behind the left ear. Cataracts obscured the fundi. The neck was supple, and the Battle sign was negative. Chest examination was normal except for diffuse inspiratory and expiratory rhonchi. One examiner heard a grade 2/6 systolic ejection murmur. The rest of the general physical examination was unremarkable. Neurological examination disclosed the following: His eyes were tonically deviated to the right but moved fully and conjugately to the left on the doll's head maneuver. The pupils were 3 mm
Letter: Rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis occurring together.
Authors: J C Woodrow, C J Eastmond
Journal: BMJ (1976)

antigens, as with sarcomas and melanomas,' acute leukaemias,5 and Burkitt's lymphoma (Drs Magrath and Ziegler), often retain good immune reactivity to common antigens; thus the general immune status often fails to correlate with the host-tumour relationship.We assume that in these cases suppressor cells specifically inhibit tumour rejection mechan- isms.For the demonstration of this activity suppression of lymphocyte blastogenesis to autologous tumour cells by a clone of lymphoid cells added to the mixture of reactor and tumour cells would be necessary.This oversimplified view is in need of experimental support, but the basic techniques for the detection of human suppressor cells are already available.' 2 Means of deactivating suppressor cells could develop into an innova- tive modality of tumour immunotherapy, whereas activation of suppressor cells (by administration of fetal antigens?)may be useful for organ transplant acceptance.The hormonal milieu of the immediate post-partum period, selective immunosuppression during tumour chemotherapy,6 and ablative procedures (splenectomy, lymphadenectomy, adult thymectomy) come to mind as possible procedures of deactivation and elimination of suppressor cells.
Doctors must be free of the "confetti of interference"
Authors: A. Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Professor Ian Kennedy, chairman of the inquiry into the deaths of babies at the Bristol Royal Infirmary, told doctors he had noticed a culture shift in the NHS since the report was published last year.

Professor Kennedy, who was speaking at a conference in London last week, was asked whether he had witnessed any major change as a result of the 198 recommendations in his report.

He told the conference—entitled “Beyond Bristol: Improving Health Care” and organised by the BMA, the BMJ Publishing Group, the Journal of Medical Ethics …
Caring for Dying People of Different Faiths
Authors: Suzanne Kite
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

Ten years since last revision, Caring for Dying People of Different Faiths has been extended to encompass African and Afro-Caribbean, Japanese and humanist beliefs and customs. Although written for nurses it makes valuable reading for all health professionals caring for dying patients. Most of us will die in hospital, receiving care from professionals from a wide spectrum of faiths, beliefs and cultural backgrounds—just as now we provide care to a very diverse patient population. We would not expect those caring for us in the future to make assumptions about our beliefs and wishes, and the same applies to our patients today. The beliefs of those from any particular religious group also vary widely, even amongst family groups. Given this, what can this book hope to achieve?

First, by sketching the background to a range of religions and philosophies, and the implications for dying and death, this book has the potential to widen our conceptions of how others cope and find meaning at the end of life. Such understanding may make sense of some of the choices patients make, or the expectations of their families, that may at times appear strange or incomprehensible to us. Similarly, it may cast light on the attitudes and approaches of our professional colleagues. Broadening our awareness in this way has the potential to enhance the decision-making process regarding end-of-life care, and enable us to seek appropriate support for patients and their carers at this time. The implications of certain religious beliefs for medical treatment decisions are outlined, and it is emphasized that the remit for religious and spiritual care extends well beyond the hospital chaplain and our nursing colleagues.

Secondly, with its practical focus the book offers concrete examples of the physical care and rituals that patients and families may expect during the terminal phase, at the time of death, and through into the bereavement period. Getting such details right at this highly sensitive and significant time is crucial. A delay in burial due to the unavailability of a death certificate, for example, or the failure to handle a body after death according to particular religious requirements (including routine nursing care), may cause profound and lasting distress.

I strongly recommend this book to all professionals caring for dying patients. It promises to increase awareness and insight for everyday clinical care, and is a useful introduction for those wishing to explore more theoretical aspects. Beyond this, it is of specific interest to physicians for two reasons. First, a greater understanding of the beliefs of dying people of different faiths aids those medical decisions at the end of life which are so dependent upon individual goals and preferences. Secondly, no matter how good clinical care has been for however long, difficulties and undue distress during the period of dying will be the memories that remain with those close to the patient, and even a little knowledge can enhance a fitting end.
Anastomotic integrity after operations for large-bowel cancer.
Authors: H Ellis
Journal: BMJ (1980)

with patients being followed up who would be just as well managed by their general practitioners-who are responsible for their care for the rest of the time anyway.And, who knows, if the consultant returned to true consulting practice the standards of treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in his GP colleagues' practices might just possibly improve.G A C BINNIE Berwick upon Tweed TD15 2LD ' Hodgkin K. Towards earlier diagnosis.
345 DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF LIVER INJURY BIOMARKERS, FIBROTEST (FT), STEATOTEST (ST), NASHTEST (NT) IN PATIENTS WITHOUT ADVANCED DISEASE UNDERGOING BARIATRIC SURGERY
Authors: A. Hollebecque, M. Munteanu, L. Arnalsteen, D. Buob, E. Leteurtre, R. Caiazzo, S. Dharancy, T. Poynard, V. Ratziu, F. Pattou, P. Mathurin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
KCNQ4 K+ channels tune mechanoreceptors for normal touch sensation in mouse and man
Authors: Matthias Heidenreich, Stefan G Lechner, Vitya Vardanyan, Christiane Wetzel, Cor W Cremers, Els M De Leenheer, Gracia Aránguez, Miguel Ángel Moreno-Pelayo, Thomas J Jentsch, Gary R Lewin
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2011)
Constraint and adaptation in primate brain evolution
Authors: Dietrich Stout
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Constraint has played a major role in brain evolution, but cannot tell the whole story. In primates, adaptive specialization is suggested by the existence of a covarying visual system, and may explain some residual variation in the constraint model. Adaptation may also appear at the microstructural level and in the globally integrated system of brain, body, life history and behavior.
Preclinical Evidence of Alzheimer's Disease in Persons Homozygous for the ε4 Allele for Apolipoprotein E
Authors: Eric M. Reiman, Richard J. Caselli, Lang S. Yun, Kewei Chen, Daniel Bandy, Satoshi Minoshima, Stephen N. Thibodeau, David Osborne
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

Variants of the apolipoprotein E allele appear to account for most cases of late-onset Alzheimer's disease, and persons with two copies of the epsilon 4 allele appear to have an especially high risk of dementia. Positron-emission tomography (PET) has identified specific regions of the brain in which the rate of glucose metabolism declines progressively in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease. We used PET to investigate whether these same regions of the brain are affected in subjects homozygous for the epsilon 4 allele before the onset of cognitive impairment.Apolipoprotein E genotypes were established in 235 volunteers 50 to 65 years of age who reported a family history of probable Alzheimer's disease. Neurologic and psychiatric evaluations, a battery of neuropsychological tests, magnetic resonance imaging, and PET were performed in 11 epsilon 4 homozygotes and 22 controls without the epsilon 4 allele who were matched for sex, age, and level of education. An automated method was used to generate an aggregate surface-projection map that compared regional rates of glucose metabolism in the two groups.The epsilon 4 homozygotes were cognitively normal. They had significantly reduced rates of glucose metabolism in the same posterior cingulate, parietal, temporal, and prefrontal regions as in previously studied patients with probable Alzheimer's disease. They also had reduced rates of glucose metabolism in additional prefrontal regions, which may be preferentially affected during normal aging.In late middle age, cognitively normal subjects who are homozygous for the epsilon 4 allele for apolipoprotein E have reduced glucose metabolism in the same regions of the brain as in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease. These findings provide preclinical evidence that the presence of the epsilon 4 allele is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. PET may offer a relatively rapid way of testing future treatments to prevent Alzheimer's disease.
Treatment with 815-nm diode laser induces long-lasting expression of 72-kDa heat shock protein in normal rat skin
Authors: E. Souil, A. Capon, S. Mordon, A.T. Dinh-Xuan, B.S. Polla, M. Bachelet
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2001)

Journal Article Treatment with 815‐nm diode laser induces long‐lasting expression of 72‐kDa heat shock protein in normal rat skin Get access E. Souil, E. Souil Laboratoire de Physiologie Respiratoire et de Biologie Cellulaire, UFR Cochin Port‐Royal, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint‐Jacques, 75014 Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Capon, A. Capon INSERM, EA2689‐IFR 22, University Hospital, 59037 Lille, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Mordon, S. Mordon INSERM, EA2689‐IFR 22, University Hospital, 59037 Lille, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.T. Dinh‐Xuan, A.T. Dinh‐Xuan Laboratoire de Physiologie Respiratoire et de Biologie Cellulaire, UFR Cochin Port‐Royal, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint‐Jacques, 75014 Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B.S. Polla, B.S. Polla Laboratoire de Physiologie Respiratoire et de Biologie Cellulaire, UFR Cochin Port‐Royal, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint‐Jacques, 75014 Paris, France Dr Barbara S.Polla, Forever Laser Institute, 1204 Geneva, Switzerland. E‐mail: barbara.polla@vtx.ch Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Bachelet M. Bachelet Laboratoire de Physiologie Respiratoire et de Biologie Cellulaire, UFR Cochin Port‐Royal, 24 rue du Faubourg Saint‐Jacques, 75014 Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 144, Issue 2, 1 February 2001, Pages 260–266, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04010.x Published: 01 February 2001