tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Molluscum Contagiosum in a Patient with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: S L Cotell, N S Roholt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

Figure 1. Numerous flesh-colored umbilicated papules appeared on the face of a 33-year-old man with a three-year history of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and a CD4 cell count of 60 per cubic millimeter. Prominent lesions along the margin of the eyelids prevented him from closing his eyes completely (Panel A). Numerous similar lesions were also present in the groin, with scattered lesions on his scalp, buttocks, and legs. His systemic symptoms included diarrhea and fatigue. A biopsy revealed lobules of keratinocytes containing large eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (Henderson–Patterson, or molluscum, bodies) (Panel B; hematoxylin and eosin, ×20). The patient . . .
Gender and menopause impact severity of fibrosis among patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Ju Dong Yang, Manal F. Abdelmalek, Herbert Pang, Cynthia D. Guy, Alastair D. Smith, Anna Mae Diehl, Ayako Suzuki
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Estrogens inhibit stellate cell activation and fibrogenesis. Thus, gender and reproductive states may influence the degree of fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). To investigate the association between gender, menopause, and the severity of liver fibrosis in patients with NASH, we analyzed 541 adult patients enrolled from our Duke Liver Clinics (n = 338) and the Duke Metabolic and Weight Loss Surgery Program (n = 203) who had a histologic diagnosis of NASH. Multiple ordinal logistic regression models were used to assess the association between gender, menopause, and severity of liver fibrosis. Overall, men, premenopausal, and postmenopausal women composed 35.1%, 28.4%, and 36.5% of the population, respectively. The mean age was 48 years and 22% had advanced fibrosis. After adjusting for covariates (enrolling site, grades of portal inflammation, and hepatocyte ballooning) and potential confounders (race, body mass index, diabetes/prediabetes, hypertension), adjusted cumulative odd ratio (ACOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for greater fibrosis severity was 1.4 (0.9, 2.1) ( P = 0.17) for postmenopausal women and 1.6 (1.0, 2.5) ( P = 0.03) for men, having premenopausal women as a reference. There was borderline interaction between gender and age group divided by age 50, the average age at menopause in the U.S. ( P = 0.08): ACOR and 95% CI of having greater fibrosis severity in men compared to women was 1.8 (1.1, 2.9) for patients with age &lt;50 years ( P = 0.02) and 1.2 (0.7, 2.1) for patients with age ≥50 years ( P = 0.59). Conclusion : Men are at a higher risk of having more severe fibrosis compared to women before menopause, while postmenopausal women have a similar severity of liver fibrosis compared to men. These findings may be explained by the protective effects of estrogen against fibrogenesis. (HEPATOLOGY 2014;59:1406-1414)
Bloody Pericardial Fluid or Intracardiac Blood?
Authors: JOHN R. STONE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Indocyanine green dye was injected through the pericardiocentesis needle from which bloody fluid had been aspirated in two patients with cardiac tamponade. Earpiece densitometry allowed immediate determination of the source of the fluid and abrupt termination of the procedure without sequels in the patient, in whom the needle had entered the heart. This method of determining the source of bloody pericardiocentesis fluid can be carried out rapidly at the bedside with portable equipment and absolutely excludes an intracardiac or vascular source of blood. If no dye appears in the ear after injection through the pericardiocentesis needle, the recording system should be checked by a second injection of indocyanine-green dye, this time intravenously. A normal cardiac output curve will be recorded from the latter injection if the system is intact.
Is Economic Growth Associated with Reduction in Child Undernutrition in India?
Authors: Malavika A. Subramanyam, Ichiro Kawachi, Lisa F. Berkman, S. V. Subramanian
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2011)

Background Economic growth is widely perceived as a major policy instrument in reducing childhood undernutrition in India. We assessed the association between changes in state per capita income and the risk of undernutrition among children in India. Methods and Findings Data for this analysis came from three cross-sectional waves of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) conducted in 1992–93, 1998–99, and 2005–06 in India. The sample sizes in the three waves were 33,816, 30,383, and 28,876 children, respectively. After excluding observations missing on the child anthropometric measures and the independent variables included in the study, the analytic sample size was 28,066, 26,121, and 23,139, respectively, with a pooled sample size of 77,326 children. The proportion of missing data was 12%–20%. The outcomes were underweight, stunting, and wasting, defined as more than two standard deviations below the World Health Organization–determined median scores by age and gender. We also examined severe underweight, severe stunting, and severe wasting. The main exposure of interest was per capita income at the state level at each survey period measured as per capita net state domestic product measured in 2008 prices. We estimated fixed and random effects logistic models that accounted for the clustering of the data. In models that did not account for survey-period effects, there appeared to be an inverse association between state economic growth and risk of undernutrition among children. However, in models accounting for data structure related to repeated cross-sectional design through survey period effects, state economic growth was not associated with the risk of underweight (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.98, 1.04), stunting (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.99, 1.05), and wasting (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.96, 1.02). Adjustment for demographic and socioeconomic covariates did not alter these estimates. Similar patterns were observed for severe undernutrition outcomes. Conclusions We failed to find consistent evidence that economic growth leads to reduction in childhood undernutrition in India. Direct investments in appropriate health interventions may be necessary to reduce childhood undernutrition in India. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
VARIATIONS OF CUTANEOUS TOLERATION FOR ROENTGEN RAYS
Authors: GEORGE M. MacKEE
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Telangiectasia develops subsequent to roentgen-ray and radium reactions in a certain percentage of cases. The exact percentage is unknown; it is possibly small; it is probably smaller with filtered than with unfiltered radiation; it is greater with severe than with mild reactions. But telangiectasia is common—unnecessarily common. This is due, partly, to the universal use of roentgen rays for various purposes, and partly to the fact that many physicians do not appear to appreciate the importance of avoiding roentgen-ray or radium reactions, except, of course, when such reactions are justified, as, for instance, when treating epithelioma. There is reason to believe that telangiectasia never develops in the absence of an antecedent reaction. This reaction, however, may consist of only an exceedingly mild and evanescent erythema, a reaction that may be unnoticed because of careless inspection, or that may be masked as well as enhanced by topical applications. When telangiectasia develops
Hepatitis C genotype 4: What we know and what we don't yet know
Authors: Sanaa M. Kamal, Imad A. Nasser
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Hepatitis C virus genotype 4 (HCV-4) is the most common variant of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the Middle East and Africa, particularly Egypt. This region has the highest prevelance of HCV worldwide, with more than 90% of infections due to genotype 4. HCV-4 has recently spread in several Western countries, particularly in Europe, due to variations in population structure, immigration, and routes of transmission. The features of HCV-4 infection and the appropriate therapeutic regimen have not been well characterized. This review discusses the virology, epidemiology, natural history, histology, clinical data, and treatment options for patients with HCV-4 infections. Early reports on the treatment of patients with chronic HCV-4 with conventional interferon (IFN)-alpha monotherapy indicated poor rates of sustained viral response (SVR), which improved slightly when combined with ribavirin. Pegylated IFN and ribavirin combination therapy has dramatically improved the response rates, with recent clinical trials showing rates that exceed 60%. These data can now be used as a platform for further research to define optimal treatment duration and predictors of SVR in patients with HCV-4 infection.HCV-4 infection is spreading beyond its strongholds in Africa and the Middle East. Recent clinical trials show that HCV-4 is not difficult to treat, as the response to treatment may be at an intermediate level compared with genotype 1 and genotypes 2 or 3. Tailored treatment options that are comparable to the treatment approaches for genotype 1, 2, and 3 patients to optimize treatment for each patient are now being developed.
Congenital hypertrophy oi the lateral nail folds of the hallux in twins
Authors: S. Cambiaghi, G. Pistritto, C. Gelmetti
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Congenital hypertrophy oi the lateral nail folds of the hallux in twins Get access S. Cambiaghi, S. Cambiaghi Institute of Dermatological Sciences, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore, University of Milan, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Pistritto, G. Pistritto Institute of Dermatological Sciences, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore, University of Milan, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Gelmetti C. Gelmetti Institute of Dermatological Sciences, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore, University of Milan, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 136, Issue 4, 1 April 1997, Pages 635–636, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1997.tb02167.x Published: 01 April 1997
Comparison between the effects of nitroprusside and nitroglycerin on ischemic injury during acute myocardial infarction.
Authors: M Chiariello, H K Gold, R C Leinbach, M A Davis, P R Maroko
Journal: Circulation (1976)

This clinical and experimental investigation was designed to delineate and compare the relative effects of sodium nitroprusside (NP) and nitroglycerin (TNG) on electrocardiographic ischemic injury following acute myocardial infarction in patients and following coronary artery occlusion in dogs. Accordingly, in ten patients with anterior acute myocardial infarction and ST-segment elevation stable for 60 min, the effects of NP (average 95 mug/min i.v.) and TNG (average 0.48 mg sublingually) were studied. The hemodynamic actions of NP and TNG were directionally similar. However, NP increased average ST-segment elevation (ST) by 2.0 +/- 0.2 mm, while TNG reduced ST by 1.4 +/- 0.4 mm. In order to clarify this disparity, coronary artery occlusions were carried out in 14 open-chest dogs. During control, NP and TNG time periods, epicardial electrograms were recorded and regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) determined by the microsphere technique. Nitropruside increased ST-segment elevation from 4.6 +/- 0.6 to 5.7 +/- 0.6 mV (P less than 0.05) and reduced RMBF from 35 +/- 3 to 27 +/- 2 ml/min/100 g (P less than 0.01) in the ischemic zones. In contrast, TNG reduced ST-segment elevation from 4.9 +/- 0.7 to 3.0 +/- 0.7 mV (P less than 0.05), while increasing RMBF TO 43 +/0 4 ml/min/100 G (P less than 0.05) and the endo/epicardial ratio from 0.57 +/- 0.06 to 0.69 +/- 0.07 (P less than 0.01). Although TNG and NP exhibit similar hemodynamic effects, TNG reduced electrocardiographic ischemic injury, at least in part, by increasing perfusion of the ischemic areas and redistributing it favorably, while NP increased electrocardiographic ischemic injury, at least in part, by reducing perfusion. Therefore, TNG seems preferable to NP for reducing preload and afterload in patients during the early phase of acute myocardial infarction.
Televised medical talk shows--what they recommend and the evidence to support their recommendations: a prospective observational study
Authors: C. Korownyk, M. R. Kolber, J. McCormack, V. Lam, K. Overbo, C. Cotton, C. Finley, R. D. Turgeon, S. Garrison, A. J. Lindblad, H. L. Banh, D. Campbell-Scherer, B. Vandermeer, G. M. Allan
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<b>Objective</b> To determine the quality of health recommendations and claims made on popular medical talk shows. <b>Design</b> Prospective observational study. <b>Setting</b> Mainstream television media. <b>Sources</b> Internationally syndicated medical television talk shows that air daily (<i>The Dr Oz Show</i> and <i>The Doctors</i>). <b>Interventions</b> Investigators randomly selected 40 episodes of each of <i>The Dr Oz Show</i> and <i>The Doctors</i> from early 2013 and identified and evaluated all recommendations made on each program. A group of experienced evidence reviewers independently searched for, and evaluated as a team, evidence to support 80 randomly selected recommendations from each show. <b>Main outcomes measures</b> Percentage of recommendations that are supported by evidence as determined by a team of experienced evidence reviewers. Secondary outcomes included topics discussed, the number of recommendations made on the shows, and the types and details of recommendations that were made. <b>Results</b> We could find at least a case study or better evidence to support 54% (95% confidence interval 47% to 62%) of the 160 recommendations (80 from each show). For recommendations in <i>The Dr Oz Show</i>, evidence supported 46%, contradicted 15%, and was not found for 39%. For recommendations in <i>The Doctors</i>, evidence supported 63%, contradicted 14%, and was not found for 24%. Believable or somewhat believable evidence supported 33% of the recommendations on <i>The Dr Oz Show</i> and 53% on <i>The Doctors</i>. On average, <i>The Dr Oz Show</i> had 12 recommendations per episode and <i>The Doctors</i> 11. The most common recommendation category on <i>The Dr Oz Show</i> was dietary advice (39%) and on <i>The Doctors</i> was to consult a healthcare provider (18%). A specific benefit was described for 43% and 41% of the recommendations made on the shows respectively. The magnitude of benefit was described for 17% of the recommendations on <i>The Dr Oz Show</i> and 11% on <i>The Doctors</i>. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest accompanied 0.4% of recommendations. <b>Conclusions</b> Recommendations made on medical talk shows often lack adequate information on specific benefits or the magnitude of the effects of these benefits. Approximately half of the recommendations have either no evidence or are contradicted by the best available evidence. Potential conflicts of interest are rarely addressed. The public should be skeptical about recommendations made on medical talk shows. Additional details of methods used and changes made to study protocol
Hospital-Acquired Gram Negative Bacillary Infections.
Authors: Sydney M. Finegold
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 October 1964Hospital-Acquired Gram Negative Bacillary Infections.Sydney M. Finegold, M.D., F.A.C.P.Sydney M. Finegold, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-61-4-809_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAlthough most of our attention has been directed to hospital-acquired staphylococcal disease, there is increasing evidence that gram-negative bacilli are very important causes of nosocomial infections. Many different gram-negative bacilli implicated in these infections includeE. coli, Klebsiella-aerobacter,Proteusspecies,Pseudomonas, Salmonella, and miscellaneous other organisms in theEnterobacteriaceae. Most studies have been concerned with genito-urinary tract infections and the bactermia commonly associated with these. However, bacteremia (and endocarditis) has also been acquired following cardiac catheterization, venous cutdown, and during open heart surgery. Many other types of infections have also been noted—wound and burn infections, infected vascular grafts, pneumonia, meningitis,... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Sydney M. Finegold, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Los Angeles, Calif. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1964Volume 61, Issue 4Page: 809-809KeywordsEnterobacter infectionsEnterobacteriaceaeEscherichia coli infectionsMeningitisNosocomial infectionsOpen heart surgeryPneumoniaPseudomonasPseudomonas infectionsSalmonella ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
Genetic variants in STAT4 and HLA-DQ genes confer risk of hepatitis B virus–related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: De-Ke Jiang, Jielin Sun, Guangwen Cao, Yao Liu, Dongxin Lin, Yu-Zhen Gao, Wei-Hua Ren, Xi-Dai Long, Hongxing Zhang, Xiao-Pin Ma, Zhong Wang, Wei Jiang, Tao-Yang Chen, Yong Gao, Liang-Dan Sun, Ji-Rong Long, Hui-Xing Huang, Dan Wang, Hongjie Yu, Pengyin Zhang, Li-Sha Tang, Bo Peng, Hao Cai, Ting-Ting Liu, Ping Zhou, Fang Liu, Xiaoling Lin, Sha Tao, Bo Wan, He-Xi Ge Sai-Yin, Lun-Xiu Qin, Jianhua Yin, Li Liu, Chen Wu, Yan Pei, Yuan-Feng Zhou, Yun Zhai, Pei-Xin Lu, Aihua Tan, Xian-Bo Zuo, Jia Fan, Jiang Chang, Xiaoli Gu, Neng-Jin Wang, Yang Li, Yin-Kun Liu, Kan Zhai, Hongwei Zhang, Zhibin Hu, Jun Liu, Qing Yi, Yongbing Xiang, Rong Shi, Qiang Ding, Wei Zheng, Xiao-Ou Shu, Zengnan Mo, Yin Yao Shugart, Xue-Jun Zhang, Gangqiao Zhou, Hongbing Shen, S Lilly Zheng, Jianfeng Xu, Long Yu
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
IL-35 gene therapy in a model of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: A Thiolat, M C Boissier, M Petit, D Lemeiter, D Lutomski, A Denys, N Bessis
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Backgroundand objectives</h3> Interleukin (IL)-35 is a novel interleukin described as an immunosuppressive cytokine specifically produced by CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T (Tregs) cells but not by conventional T cells. Since Tregs play a major role in autoimmunity maintenance and protects from inflammation, the authors aimed at evaluating the role of IL-35 in a model of rheumatoid arthritis in mice using a non viral gene transfer strategy. <h3>Methods</h3> Two plasmids were used and compared: pIGneo-mouse (m)IL-35-GFP (gift from Dario Vignali) and pORF-mIL-35, where IL-35 is expressed under CMV or HTLV promoter, respectively. pIGneo-mouse (m)IL-35-GFP contains a 'native' form of IL-35 made of Ebi3 and p35 linked subunits, while pORF-mIL-35contains a 'single chain' construct. In vitro, IL-35 expression was detected in lysate of transfected HEK cells by western blot (p35 or Ebi3) and immunoprecipitation (IP). The in vivo trangene expression was detected by fluorescence analysis of GFP on muscle slides after intra-muscular electrotransfer (ET) of 60 µg pIGneo-mIL-35-GFP plasmid. The clinical effect of IL-35 was assessed in collagen-induced arthritis in mice receiving two im ET of 60 µg pIGneo-mIL-35-GFP or pORF-IL-35, 3 and 18 days after CIA induction. Control groups received the corresponding empty plasmids or PBS. Tregs and Th17 frequencies and phenotypes were performed by flow cytometry in the spleen and lymph nodes (LN) of pORF-IL-35 treated mice at day 34. <h3>Results</h3> Both subunits p35 and Ebi3 were expressed in lysates from either pIGneo-mIL-35-GFP or pORF-IL-35 HEK transfected cells, and formed the IL-35 heterodimer as shown by IP. At least 3 days after intramuscular ET of pIGneo-mIL-35-GFP plasmid, the authors were able to detect GFP expression, revealing in vivo IL-35 expression, on muscle histological slides. Surprisingly, whatever the plasmid used, IL-35 gene transfer resulted in a statistically significant increase in clinical scores of collagen-induced arthritis as compared to empty plasmid. The underlying cellular mechanisms of this effect were shown to be related to an increased in number and frequency of Th17 cells in the spleen of pORF-mIL-35 treated mice, leading to an increased Th17/Tregs ratio. Interestingly, CD39 expression on Tregs increased (frequency and intensity) in the LN of pORF-mIL-35 treated mice as compared to control groups, but CD62L expression also increased (spleen and LN) on these cells. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The authors show an unexpected but clear exacerbating effect of IL-35 gene transfer in an autoimmune and inflammatory model of RA. The authors can hypothesise that IL-35, as already known, induced an activation of Tregs by up-regulating CD39 expression on these cells, but that the concomitant up-regulation of CD62L prevent their migration into the inflammatory joint by retaining them in secondary lymphoid organs, thus impeding them from exerting their immunosuppressive role.
Research and Discovery in Medicine: Contributions From Johns Hopkins
Authors: Gert H. Brieger
Journal: JAMA (1982)

The advertisements for his books claim that Mac Harvey is retired. The evidence on my bookshelves clearly disputes that assertion. In the last half-dozen years, Dr Harvey has published five large books on historical topics, to say nothing of his continuing clinical interests. His firm grasp of clinical medicine as well as basic medical science is clearly evident in his historical work. He explains complicated developments in a lucid way. <i>Research and Discovery in Medicine</i>is a companion to<i>Adventures in Medical Research</i>, published in 1976. Both books contain essays about Hopkins physicians and graduates of the School of Medicine. As was the case in the earlier collection, most of the 21 pieces in the present volume first appeared in the<i>Johns Hopkins Medical Journal</i>. In neither book is there any particular order, chronological or otherwise, nor any sustained attempt to tie the essays together, though appropriate cross references are
Alleles in the HtrA Serine Peptidase 1 Gene Alter the Risk of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Margaret M. DeAngelis, Fei Ji, Scott Adams, Margaux A. Morrison, Amanda J. Harring, Meredith O. Sweeney, Antonio Capone, Joan W. Miller, Thaddeus P. Dryja, Jurg Ott, Ivana K. Kim
Journal: Ophthalmology (2008)