tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Anti-HIV and Anti-delta Among Deferred HBsAg-Positive Volunteer Blood Donors
Authors: Maria D. Demedina, Lennox J. Jeffers, K. Rajender Reddy, Steve Y. Villanueva, Wendy Brendel, Bruce Lenes, Peter Tomasulo, Eugene R. Schiff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1987Prevalence of Anti-HIV and Anti-delta Among Deferred HBsAg-Positive Volunteer Blood DonorsMARIA D. DEMEDINA, M.S.P.H., LENNOX J. JEFFERS, M.D., K. RAJENDER REDDY, M.D., STEVE Y. VILLANUEVA, M.D., WENDY BRENDEL, MT(ASCP)SBB, BRUCE LENES, M.D., PETER TOMASULO, M.D., EUGENE R. SCHIFF, M.D.MARIA D. DEMEDINA, M.S.P.H., LENNOX J. JEFFERS, M.D., K. RAJENDER REDDY, M.D., STEVE Y. VILLANUEVA, M.D., WENDY BRENDEL, MT(ASCP)SBB, BRUCE LENES, M.D., PETER TOMASULO, M.D., EUGENE R. SCHIFF, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-107-2-256_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Concomitant infection with the human immunodefiency virus (HIV) or delta infection among asymptomatic blood donors positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) has not been well characterized. Therefore, an unlinked study to determine existing parallels in the prevalence of anti-HIV and anti-delta among deferred positive HBsAg asymptomatic volunteer blood donors was done. Donors were screened at the American Red Cross-South Florida Region from April 1984 to June 1985. Fifty-five percent of the volunteer blood donors were men and 45% women. Hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-delta, and anti-HIV were determined by commercially available enzyme-linked immunoassay (Abbott Laboratories, North... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MARIA D. DEMEDINA, M.S.P.H.; LENNOX J. JEFFERS, M.D.; K. RAJENDER REDDY, M.D.; STEVE Y. VILLANUEVA, M.D.; WENDY BRENDEL, MT(ASCP)SBB; BRUCE LENES, M.D.; PETER TOMASULO, M.D.; EUGENE R. SCHIFF, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1987Volume 107, Issue 2Page: 256-257KeywordsBlood donorsEnzyme linked immunosorbent assayHepatitis B surface antigenHepatitis DHIV infections ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
Epinephrine and the carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex. Influence on capacitive and resistive properties of the total systemic vascular bed of the dog.
Authors: A A Shoukas, M C Brunner
Journal: Circulation Research (1980)

To quantify the interaction between epinephrine infusion and carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex control of vascular capacity and resistance, we have simultaneously measured total systemic compliance, C t , arterial compliance, C a , changes in "unstressed vascular volume," AV 0 , and resistance, R, in nine dogs whose carotid sinuses were isolated and cardiac output fixed by a perfusion pump.In response to intrasinus pressures (ISP) of 50, 125, and 200 mm Hg without epinephrine infusion, total systemic compliance (C t ) was 1.00, and 1.10, and 1.22 ml/mm Hg per kg, whereas arterial compliance showed no change and averaged 0.0984 ml/mm Hg per kg for all ISP's.Resistance was 1.45, 0.88, and 0.57 nun Hg/(ml per min per kg) for intrasinus pressure of 50, 125, and 200 mm Hg.The change in unstressed vascular volume from ISP of 50 to 125 was 7.32 ml/kg and 5.03 ml/kg for an ISP change from 125 to 200 mm Hg.When epinephrine was infused at a constant rate of 1.2 /ig/min per kg at a fixed ISP of 125 mm Hg, arterial pressure rose by 69.1 mm Hg, the change in unstressed vascular volume was 8.02 ml/kg, and resistance increased from 0.89 to 1.54 mm Hg/(ml per min per kg), an increase of 73% of control.At the same infusion rate and at each ISP of 50, 125, and 200 mm Hg, compliances, C t and C, and resistance were measured.In contrast to the control data, C t showed no increase with changes in ISP (0.92, 0.94, and 0.92 ml/mm Hg per kg), whereas C, measured 0.081 ml/ mm Hg per kg.Resistance was 1.71, 1.46, and 1.19 mm Hg/min per kg for intrasinus pressures of 50, 125, and 200 mm Hg.The change in unstressed vascular volume caused by an ISP change of 50-125 mm Hg was 1.78 ml/kg and for an ISP change of 125-200 mm Hg was 1.30 ml/kg.The data indicate that epinephrine greatly attenuates the reflex control of the vascular properties by mechanisms other than the modification of the carotid sinus receptor characteristics.Circ Res 47: [249][250][251][252][253][254][255][256][257] 1980 THE pressor action of epinephrine is well documented in most textbooks of physiology.However, most of the studies on epinephrine have used isolated parts of the circulation.Difficulty arises when one attempts to quantify the contributions of these various parts to the overall pressor effect of epinephrine (Ahlquist, 1963).Caldini et al. (1974) andEmerson (1966), using preparations in which venous return was diverted into a reservoir while keeping cardiac output constant, studied the effects of epinephrine in the overall systemic vascular bed.Although these studies dealt with the quantitative effects of epinephrine on the capacitive and resistive properties of the systemic vascular bed, the carotid sinus and aortic arch baroreceptor regions were not denervated, and the pressures in these receptor areas were not controlled.Thus, the apparent actions of epinephrine could have been buffered by the carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex which has been shown to change
GW25-e1696 HDAC1 regulation of the transdifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to cardiomyocyte lineages in a myocardial microenvironment
Authors: Lu Dongfeng, Yan Yao, Zi-Zhuo Su, Zhao-Hua Zeng, Xiao-Wen Xing, Zhi-Yu He, Dong-Feng Lu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Agism as explanation for sexism in provision of thrombolysis
Authors: P C Hannaford, C R Kay, S Ferry
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Evidence exists that physicians manage coronary heart disease less aggressively in women than in men,*RF 1-3* even though heart disease in women may be more severe.1 We assessed whether thrombolysis is provided on a different basis in men and in women.

As part of the Royal College of General Practitioners' myocardial infarction study, 776 general practitioners in Britain supplied information about the management (including the use of thrombolysis) of 2495 patients suspected of having a myocardial infarction. The patients were recruited from March 1991 to September 1992. We examined the use of thrombolysis in hospital among the 1094 patients who had a myocardial infarction that had been confirmed by a hospital and who had no contraindication to thrombolysis.

In all, 214 patients (20%) were excluded from the …
Simple oxygen-failure safety device.
Authors: H T Davenport, B M Wright
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Recent correspondence in the British Medical Journall-4 has discussed the need for oxygen-failure devices and the philosophy of their design, so we shall not repeat this discussion here. Briefly, however, we think that very occasional oxygen failures are inevitable, during both anaesthesia and artificial ventilation with oxygen. Because the danger is so remote any safety device that is to gain the wide acceptance that is essential if it is to be of any value must be both cheap and reliable. Oxygen failures
ROLE OF MULTISLICE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY TO ASSESS EDWARDS SAPIEN PROSTHESIS DEPLOYMENT AND POSITIONING
Authors: Helene Eltchaninoff, Jerome Caudron, Jeannette Fares, Camille Hauville, Matthieu Godin, Christophe Tron, Jean-Nicolas Dacher, Alain Cribier
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
The molecular genetics of familial intrahepatic cholestasis
Authors: P L M JANSEN
Journal: Gut (2000)

There is a growing list of genetic diseases caused by defects of one of the members of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily.1 ABC transporters mediate the energy dependent transport of peptides, steroid hormones, and drugs and their metabolites across membranes, not only in mammals but also in fish, bacteria, worms, and even plants. ABC transporters are important in almost every human cell or organ and therefore the spectrum of diseases caused by defects of these proteins is diverse and includes: liver diseases (progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis,2cystic fibrosis,3 Zellweger syndrome,4adrenoleuko- dystrophy,5 and Dubin-Johnson syndrome6); eye disorders (Stargardt disease,7 autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa,8 and cone-rod dystrophy9); disorders of cholesterol metabolism (familial HDL deficiency10 and Tangier disease10); and diseases of carbohydrate metabolism (familial persistent hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia of infancy11).

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) belongs to a group of autosomal recessive diseases characterised by cholestasis starting in infancy (table 1). PFIC type 1 or Byler disease often begins with recurrent episodes of intrahepatic cholestasis progressing to permanent cholestasis with fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver failure necessitating liver transplantation in the first decade of life.2 12-14 Children with PFIC are small for their age and, in addition to cholestasis and pruritus, they sometimes have diarrhoea, pancreatitis, and hearing loss.15 The larger bile ducts are anatomically normal and histologically the liver shows a picture of bland canalicular cholestasis without much bile duct proliferation, inflammation, fibrosis, or cirrhosis.14 16On electron microscopy there is a paucity of canalicular microvilli and a thickened pericanalicular network of microfilaments with coarse granular bile called “Byler bile” in the canaliculi. Characteristically serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) activity is not increased or only slightly elevated while parameters of cholestasis such as alkaline phosphatase and serum …
Folic Acid Fortification of the Food Supply
Authors: Katherine L. Tucker
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To estimate the potential benefits and risks of food folic acid fortification for an elderly population. Benefits are expected through the improvement of folate and homocysteine status, but there is also a risk of masking or precipitating clinical manifestations related to vitamin B<sub>12</sub>deficiency with increasing exposure to folic acid. <h3>Desing.</h3> —Cross-sectional analysis, with projected change at various levels of folic acid fortification. <h3>Setting.</h3> —Participants in the Framingham Heart Study original cohort. <h3>Participants.</h3> —A total of 747 subjects aged 67 to 96 years who both completed usable food frequency questionnaires and had blood concentrations of B vitamins and homocysteine measured. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Projected blood folate and homocysteine concentrations and combined high folate intake and low plasma vitamin B<sub>12</sub>concentration. <h3>Results.</h3> —Percentages of this elderly population with folate intake below 400 μg/d are projected to drop from 66% at baseline to 49% with 140 μg of folate per 100 g of cereal-grain product, to 32% with 280 μg, to 26% with 350 μg, and to 11% with 700 μg. Percentages with elevated homocysteine concentrations (&gt;14 μmol/ L) are projected to drop from 26% at baseline to 21% with 140 μg of folate per 100 g, to 17% with 280 μg, to 16% with 350 μg, and to 12% with 700 μg. Without fortification, the prevalence of combined high folate intake (&gt;1000 μg/d) and low plasma vitamin B<sub>12</sub>concentration (&lt;185 pmol/L [&lt;250 pg/mL]) was 0.1%. This is projected to increase to 0.4% with folate fortification levels of 140 to 350 μg/100 g and to 3.4% with 700 μg. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —The evidence suggests that, at the level of 140 μg/100 g of cereal-grain product mandated by the Food and Drug Administration, the benefits of folate fortification, through projected decreases in homocysteine level and heart disease risk, greatly outweigh the expected risks. However, quantification of the actual risks associated with vitamin B<sub>12</sub>deficiency remains elusive. Before higher levels of folic acid fortification are implemented, further research is needed to better understand the clinical course of various forms of vitamin B<sub>12</sub>deficiency, to measure the potential effect of high folate intake on this course, and to identify cost-effective approaches to the identification and treatment of all forms of vitamin B<sub>12</sub>deficiency.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Alcohol Consumption Patterns and Biologic Markers of Glycemic Control Among 459 Women
Authors: Candyce H. Kroenke, Nain-Feng Chu, Nader Rifai, Donna Spiegelman, Susan E. Hankinson, JoAnn E. Manson, Eric B. Rimm
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

OBJECTIVE—Little research has explored associations of drinking patterns with glycemic control, especially among women. Our objective was to determine the relationship of patterns of alcohol consumption—including average daily consumption, weekly frequency of consumption, drinking with meals, and beverage type—with biologic markers of insulin resistance in young women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This study was cross-sectional in design. The subjects consisted of a stratified random subpopulation of 459 U.S. normal-weight and overweight female nurses, 33–50 years of age, drawn from the Nurses’ Health Study II and sampled for distinct drinking patterns. Women provided blood samples and detailed information on dietary and lifestyle factors between 1995 and 1999. The main outcome measures were fasting insulin, C-peptide, and HbA1c. RESULTS—Adjusting for age, smoking, physical activity, television watching, BMI, and several dietary factors, average alcohol intake was inversely associated with HbA1c (units in percentage of HbA1c): 0 g/day (reference = 5.36%), 0.1 to &amp;lt;5.0 g/day (−0.04%), 5.0 to &amp;lt;15.0 g/day (−0.09%), 15.0 to &amp;lt;25.0 g/day (−0.10%), and ≥25.0 g/day (−0.17%) (P value, test for trend &amp;lt;0.001). We found an inverse association of alcohol intake and insulin, but only for women with a BMI ≥25 kg/m2. Specifically, insulin levels were lowest for episodic drinkers consuming ≥2 drinks per day on 0–3 days per week. Consumption with meals and type of alcoholic beverage did not further influence these results. CONCLUSIONS—Moderate alcohol consumption of 1–2 drinks per day on a few to several days of the week may have a beneficial glycemic effect, particularly among overweight women.
Adenoviral Activin A Expression Prevents Intimal Hyperplasia in Human and Murine Blood Vessels by Maintaining the Contractile Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype
Authors: Marten A. Engelse, JanWillem H.P. Lardenoye, Jolanda M. Neele, Jos M. Grimbergen, Margreet R. de Vries, Martine L.M. Lamfers, Hans Pannekoek, Paul H.A. Quax, Carlie J.M. de Vries
Journal: Circulation Research (2002)

Activin A alters the characteristics of human arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) toward a contractile, quiescent phenotype. We hypothesize that activin A may prevent SMC-rich neointimal hyperplasia. Here, we study the effect of adenovirus-mediated expression of activin A on neointima formation in vitro and in vivo. Human saphenous vein organ cultures, in which a neointima is formed spontaneously, were infected either with activin A- or lacZ-adenovirus. Activin A-overexpression reduces neointima formation by 78%, whereas no significant reduction was observed after control infection. In addition, the effect of activin A on neointima formation was assessed in vivo in mice with cuffed femoral arteries. In activin A adenovirus-infected mice (IV injection), neointimal hyperplasia is reduced by 77% compared with the SMC-rich neointima in mock-infected or in noninfected mice. Cultured human saphenous vein SMCs and murine aorta SMCs were incubated with activin A and an increased expression of SM22alpha and SM alpha-actin mRNA, and SM alpha-actin protein was demonstrated. Laser-capture microdissection on sections of cuffed murine arteries and subsequent real-time RT-PCR established in vivo induction of SM alpha-actin mRNA in the media of activin A-treated mice. In summary, activin A inhibits neointima formation in vitro and in vivo by preventing SMC dedifferentiation.
Dobson is new health secretary
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The new British prime minister, Tony Blair, has adopted a low key approach to the health service by appointing Frank Dobson as the first Labour health secretary for 18 years. At 57, Mr Dobson, a London MP, has for 10 years been the Labour shadow cabinet's capable workhorse rather than a Blairite moderniser.



Frank Dobson is seen as a capable workhorse.

UPPA



His appointment has more to do with the constraints on a first Labour cabinet …
Abstract 4882: Expression profiles of proinflammatory chemokines in prostate cancer cell supernatants
Authors: Niradiz Reyes, Oscar Correa, Alfonso Bettin, Raj K. Tiwari, Jan Geliebter
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Prostate cancer progression is a complex process in which chemokines and their receptors play an important role related to tumor survival, growth, and metastasis. Objectives: 1) To determine the expression profiles of proinflammatory chemokines in prostate cancer cell line supernatants and their association with the metastatic phenotype, and 2) To determine whether these chemokines are present in the exosomes released from prostate cancer cell lines examined. Methods: Prostate cancer lines investigated included PWR-1E (non-tumorigenic), LNCaP (low metastatic potential) and PC-3 (high metastatic potential). The Human Common Chemokines Multi-Analyte ELISArray Kit (Qiagen) was used to evaluate the expression profiles of several proinflammatory chemokines in the supernatant and in the exosomal fraction of prostate cancer cells in culture. Chemokine profiles were correlated with the metastatic abilities of the cell lines analyzed. Chemokines evaluated were CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL11, CCL17, CCL22, CXCL1, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11. Results: Differential chemokine profiles in the cell lines were observed in the supernatant and in the exosomal fractions. Conclusions: Prostate cancer cell lines with different phenotypes have different chemokine profiles, both in supernatant and in the exosomal fraction of these cells in culture. These results may be useful for the design of diagnostic, prognostic and/ or therapeutic strategies. Financial support: Universidad de Cartagena Project Code: Res 04670 - 2012 Citation Format: Niradiz Reyes, Oscar Correa, Alfonso Bettin, Raj K. Tiwari, Jan Geliebter. Expression profiles of proinflammatory chemokines in prostate cancer cell supernatants. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4882. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4882
Black-white differences in aortic fatty streaks in adolescence and early adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart Study.
Authors: D S Freedman, W P Newman, R E Tracy, A E Voors, S R Srinivasan, L S Webber, C Restrepo, J P Strong, G S Berenson
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Although white adults have more extensive aortic surface involvement with fibrous plaques than do blacks, adolescent blacks have more aortic fatty streaks (FS) than do whites of similar ages. Possible determinants of these racial differences in aortic surface involvement with FS were therefore examined in 44 decedents who had previously been examined as part of the Bogalusa Heart Study. Ages at death ranged from 6 to 27 years (mean, 18 years); the median interval between the last risk factor examination and death was 3.5 years. More extensive aortic surface involvement with FS was observed in blacks (n = 11) as compared with whites (n = 33; 37% vs 16%, p = .0003). This racial difference was independent of age at death, and was seen in both male and female subjects. Black-white differences in several of the previously measured risk factors (serum lipids and lipoproteins, blood pressure, and obesity) were also observed, and in both races, aortic FS were related to several of these characteristics. (For example, the correlation between levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and aortic FS was 0.49 in whites and 0.73 in blacks.) However, even after controlling for antemortem levels of risk factors, blacks had an additional 16% surface involvement with aortic FS as compared with whites (p less than .001). These findings suggest that the more extensive surface involvement of the aorta with FS in young blacks is not due to differences in clinical risk factors. Because more extensive raised lesions are found in white adults, the transition of FS to advanced atherosclerotic lesions may differ in whites and blacks.
Transient Cranial Mononeuropathy
Authors: L. B. W. Jongkees
Journal: BMJ (1973)

gave a strongly positive direct Coombs test, and her serum contained autoantibodies of the IgG type, falling into the rhesus blood group system-namely, anti-e (stronger) and anti-nl (weaker).The patient, who was obese, was given fenfluramine for a period of five months in 1970 and for one month in 1971 without ill effect, and it was only after she resumed this treatment for a further two months at the beginning of 1972 that she began to feel ill.She had no infection before becoming anaemic and, unlike the two patients mentioned by Mr. A. M. Walshe (30 September, p. 821), who in addition to fen- fluramine also had propranalol, she had re- ceived no other drugs.She was transfused with four pints (2-3 1.) of blood and given a course of prednisolone.She made a full recovery and her Coonmbs test became negative.No similar case was found in the literature, apart from the two mentioned above, and if fenfluramine is indeed capable of in- ducing haemolytic anaemia, further examples may come to light.-Iam, etc.,
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: George Dunea
Journal: JAMA (1980)

For decades, nephrologists have conspired to use the living peritoneal membrane as a dialyzing device. But the peritoneum, resentful of having its innermost precincts invaded by plastic tubes and saccharine solutions, has so far refused to submit, as shown by the now-familiar spectacle of chronic peritoneal dialysis' undergoing a revival every few years. The latest onslaught by the nephrologists, conceived in Texas and propagated with evangelical fervor from Missouri and Ontario, is chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Yet "ambulatory" could be a misnomer, because the technique has been applied to infants who have not yet learned to walk and to invalids who have long forgotten what it means to "ambulate." Be that as it may, the high promise of CAPD has led its protagonists to gather in the City of Light in bleak November, to share their experiences, hopes, and disappointments. All of these were subsequently codified under the able
Symptom Status and Quality of Life Following Prostatectomy
Authors: Floyd J. Fowler, John E. Wennberg, Robert P. Timothy, Michael J. Barry, Albert G. Mulley, Daniel Hanley
Journal: JAMA (1988)

When prostatectomy is proposed as treatment for the symptoms of prostatism, the decision to operate should depend on how patients evaluate their symptoms and on objective information about the outcomes. We undertook a health interview study to determine the probabilities for symptom relief, improvement in the quality of life, and complications following surgery and to evaluate patient concern about the symptoms of prostatism. The operation was effective in reducing symptoms: 93% of severely and 79% of moderately symptomatic patients experienced improvement; however, a statistically significant improvement in indices of quality of life occurred only among patients with acute retention or severe symptoms prior to surgery. Short-term complications of varying severity occurred in 24% of patients; in addition, 4% reported persistent incontinence and 5%, impotence. Patients with similar symptoms reported considerable difference in the degree to which they were bothered by their symptoms. The result emphasizes the importance of patient participation in the decision to undergo prostatectomy. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;259:3018-3022)