tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3393: Identification of genes mediating early dissemination of tumor cells in breast cancer
Authors: Harriet Wikman, Volkmar Müller, Dirk Kemming, Sabine Riethdorf, Kathrin Eylmann, Jolanthe Kropidlowski, Roland Eils, Fritz Jänicke, Thomas Streichert, Benedikt Brors, Klaus Pantel
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The presence of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow (BM) at primary breast cancer diagnosis is an independent prognostic factor. We have recently shown that there is a specific gene expression signature associated with BM micrometastasis in lung cancer patients (Wrage et al., CCR 2009). Our aim was therefore, to assess whether early metastatic spread of breast tumor cells into BM is also associated with a specific genetic signature. The gene expression profiles of primary early stage breast cancer patients (T1-2, N0, M0) with (n=15) and without (n=15) early tumor cell dissemination into BM were analyzed using the Affymetrix GeneChip platform. The BM status was assessed by immunostaining the BM samples with anti-cytokeratin antibody A45-B/B3. Gene expression data were normalized using gcrma and customized chip description files were used to re-map all probes to ENSEMBL transcripts. Rank sum test analysis was used to obtain transcripts that were significantly differentially expressed between BM positive and BM negative patients. Five publicly available breast cancer and three lung cancer expression data sets were used to correlate the findings with survival information. When using false discovery rate of 0.2 and a p-value&amp;lt;0.001, 28 genes were found significantly down regulated and only 4 genes significantly up regulated in the BM positive breast cancer group. The median fold-change between the BM positive and negative groups was 3.56. Quantitative RT-PCR verifications in primary tumors and metastases validated our findings. The five large breast cancer data sets consisting of 1621 patients in total were used for in silico validations. Among the down-regulated genes 17 showed a significant association with survival in at least one data set, whereas 6 genes showed an association in at least two data sets. Among the four up-regulated genes a high expression of one gene was associated with shorter survival in two data sets whereas another gene was associated with shorter survival in one data set. In summary, we could identify a set of potential key regulators of early hematogeneous spread of tumor cells. These potential new targets might be used to prevent metastatic relapse by eliminating DTC before the occurrence of overt metastases. Some of the identified genes are supposed to play a role only for the early steps of the metastatic cascade, i.e. dissemination, whereas others were shown also to be important for metastatic out-growth in distant organs and thus having a high impact on the survival of a patient. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3393.
Infiltration of Bone Marrow by a Signet-Ring–Cell Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: U Platzbecker, H Platzbecker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Figure 1. A 35-year-old man with a four-month history of recurrent back pain and progressive paresthesia of both legs presented with microcytic anemia and a 10-fold elevation of alkaline phosphatase (80 percent of which was derived from bone). Although an x-ray film of the thoracic and lumbar spine was normal, a magnetic resonance imaging scan of this region showed massive vertebral infiltration, with partial destruction of the deck plates and compression of the spinal canal (Panel A). One day later, the patient began to have tarry stools. At gastroscopy a signet-ring–cell carcinoma of the antrum was found. A bone marrow . . .
Campylobacter pylori Antibodies in Humans
Authors: Guillermo I. Perez-Perez
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Study Objective: To determine the diagnostic value of assays to measure serum antibodies to Campylobacter pylori, and to use these assays to determine the prevalence of C. pylori infection in a healthy population. Design: A survey of patients having endoscopies for upper gastrointestinal symptoms, patients with other gastrointestinal illnesses, and healthy controls. Setting: Outpatients attending endoscopy suites in two university-affiliated medical centers. Patients: One hundred and twenty patients who had gastroduodenoscopies, 61 patients with lower intestinal illnesses, and 166 healthy controls. Intervention: Assay to detect serum IgA, IgG, and IgM antibodies specific for C. pylori. Measurements and Main Results: Absorption with other gram-negative pathogens showed that IgG and IgA assays, but not IgM assays, were specific for C. pylori. In patients in whom C. pylori had been isolated and who had gastritis diagnosed by histologic methods, significantly higher mean IgA and IgG levels were seen compared with patients without demonstrable C. pylori or gastritis. The sensitivity and specificity of a positive value in both IgA and IgG assays were more than 93%. Among healthy persons, IgG and IgA antibodies were rarely seen in patients less than 20 years old, but antibody prevalence progressed with age, reaching 50% in patients more than 60 years old. High IgA and IgG levels to C. pylori in five persons tested remained stable for more than 1 year, suggesting the organism persists for at least that period. In 61 patients with acute bacterial enteritis, acute pancreatitis, Crohn disease, or ulcerative colitis, prevalence of antibodies to C. pylori was consistent with age and unrelated to current disease. Conclusions: Campylobacter pylori infection, which is highly associated with active gastritis, may be diagnosed by serologic assay. Acquisition of infection begins in adult life, and prevalence increases with age.
Tetanus from Ulcerated Tumors
Authors: Dilip R. Karnad
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters and Corrections15 July 1990Tetanus from Ulcerated TumorsDilip R. Karnad, MD, G.H. Tilve, MDDilip R. Karnad, MDSearch for more papers by this author, G.H. Tilve, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-2-170_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: Malignant tumors undergo necrosis or ulceration when cell division outgrows vascular supply (1), and the hypoxic necrotic region then provides optimal conditions for growth of anaerobic clostridia (2, 3). Experimental injection of spores of Clostridium tetani can cause tetanus in mice with necrotic malignant tumors (2). However, tetanus in patients with malignancies is not known. We report the cases of seven such patients.A 50-year-old man with dysphagia had an ulcerated squamous cell carcinoma on the posterior third of his tongue. He developed moderately severe tetanus 1 month after onset of dysphagia. Patient 2, a 58-year-old woman,...References1. RobbinsCotranKumar SRV. Pathologic basis of disease. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1984:214-53. Google Scholar2. MalmgrenFlanigan RC. Localization of the vegetative form of Clostridium tetani in mouse tumors following intravenous spore administration. Cancer Res. 1955;15:473-8. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. KornbluthDanzigBernstein AJL. Clostridium septicum infection and associated malignancy. Medicine (Baltimore). 1989;69:30-7. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. LyttonHughesFulthorpe BLA. Circulating antibody response in malignant disease. Lancet. 1964;1:69-71. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. DixonBibby AJ. Tetanus immunisation state in a general practice population. Br Med J. 1988;297:598. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: King Edward Memorial Hospital 400 012 Bombay, India PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByClinical and bacteriological profile of the ear in otogenic tetanus: A case control study 15 July 1990Volume 113, Issue 2Page: 170-171KeywordsClostridiumDysphagiaMalignant tumorsNecrosisSquamous cell carcinomaTetanusTongueUlcers Issue Published: 15 July 1990 PDF DownloadLoading ...
CELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF ANTI-DNP-PLL AND ANTICONVEYOR ALBUMIN ANTIBODIES IN GENETIC NONRESPONDER GUINEA PIGS IMMUNIZED WITH DNP-PLL ALBUMIN COMPLEXES
Authors: Ira Green, Pierre Vassalli, Baruj Benacerraf
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1967)

Genetic nonresponder guinea pigs incapable of an immune response to DNP-PLL alone were immunized with DNP-PLL complexed to ovalbumin or bovine serum albumin. Under these circumstances the animals produce both anti-DNP-PLL antibodies and antibodies directed against the conveyor albumin. Thus immune response to DNP-PLL complexed to conveyor albumin molecules can serve as a simple model of hapten-carrier relationships. To explore these relationships the question whether these two types of antibody are synthesized by the same or by different plasma cells was investigated by a combination of a double immunofluorescent technique and radioautographic localization of radioactive antigen. It was shown that the anti-DNP-PLL antibodies and the antibodies against the carrier albumin molecule were produced in separate cells. No cell-producing antibodies with both specificities were detected out of 526 cells studied.
Photodynamic therapy of epithelial skin tumours using delta-aminolaevulinic acid and desferrioxamine
Authors: S. FIJAN, H. HONIGSMANN, B. ORTEL
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1995)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses photosensitizing drugs, such as porphyrins, and light for cancer treatment. In the present clinical study we employed topical application of the porphyrin precursor delta-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) in combination with desferrioxamine (df) for the induction of endogenous porphyrin synthesis. Irradiation was performed with a light source consisting of a halogen lamp with a red filter and a fibreoptic device. Irradiances ranged from 50 to 300 mW/cm2. We treated 49 patients with this PDT regimen. In 32 patients we treated a total of 34 superficial basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and 22 nodular BCCs, in nine patients 43 solar keratoses, and in eight patients 10 lesions of Bowen's disease. After a single treatment, 30 (88.2%) of the superficial and seven (31.8%) of the nodular BCCs, 35 of 43 (81.4%) solar keratoses, and three (30%) of the Bowen's disease lesions showed complete remission. The post-treatment observation period was up to 20 months. Repeat therapy was required in six nodular and four superficial BCCs. Biopsies were obtained before treatment, and at variable intervals after treatment. Topical PDT of skin tumours with ALA-df-induced porphyrins is effective in the management of epithelial skin tumours.
Abstract 1055: Enhancer of Zeste Homologue 2 (EZH2) may relate to progression of intra and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Shigeki Nakagawa, HIrohisa Okabe, Toru Beppu, Hideyuki Kuroki, Kousuke Mima, Hiromitu Hayashi, Katsunori Imai, Hidetoshi Nitta, Osamu Nakahara, Yoshiaki Ikuta, Akira Chikamoto, Takatoshi Ishiko, Hiroshi Takamori, Hideo Baba
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract [Background and Aims]Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) is one of the polycomb proteins and involved in the progress of several solid tumors by methylating histone3 Lysin27 (H3K27) and silencing various genes. However, the role of EZH2 in cholangiocarcinoma has not been clarified. In this study, we investigated the significance of EZH2 expression in intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression.[Patients and Methods]Fourty-seven intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) patients and 45 extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC) patients treated with curative resection from 1993 to 2010 were enrolled. We examined the EZH2 expression by immunohistochemistry, and relationship between EZH2 expression and clinicopathological factors, such as gender, age, CA19-9, tumor diameter, tumor number, histological vascular invasion, differentiation, lymph node metastasis and prognosis. To assess whether EZH2 relates to angiogenesis and tumor growth, Ki67 expression and microvessel density (MVD) using CD34 were also examined by immunohistochemistry. EZH2 expression was investigated eight cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. Using small interfering RNA against EZH2, the influence of EZH2 knock-down on cholangiocarcinoma cell proliferation and invasion was studied in vitro. [Results]In ICC, 24 patients (51.0%) shows a high expression of EZH2 when the cutoff value was determined to be 10%. The EZH2 high expression is significantly correlated with tumor diameter &amp;gt; 3.5cm (P=0.0113) and MVD score (P=0.039). The high EZH2 expression group showed significantly worse overall survival (p=0.045). In ECC, 19 patients(42.2%) showed a high EZH2 expression. The EZH2 high expression is significantly correlated with positive lymph node metastasis (p=0.0469), high Ki67 expression (P=0.0017). The high EZH2 expression group showed significantly worse overall survival (P=0.0261). All of the eight cholangiocarcinoma cell lines expressed EZH2 in a various level. When we knock down the expression of EZH2 in RBE cells, the expression of H3K27 was reduced and cell growth decreased. However, EZH2 down-regulation didn't affect cell invasion.[Conclusion]EZH2 may relate to the progression of intra and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1055. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1055
The Resistance of the Larval Mosquito to Cold, Notes on the Habits and Life-History of Mosquitos in Aberdeenshire
Authors: M. J. Wright
Journal: BMJ (1901)

These results are even better than those publishied last year, and may be taken to represent pretty accurately the actual permanent recoveries, as they have been continuously under observation, with the exception of about 20 who were discharged from gaol under six months from the date of the last attack.&asonal Prevalence of -Dysentery.The monthly distribution of these cases was as follows: January ... ... I7 cases
Decoding of soil bacterium genome points way to new antibiotics
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A British consortium of scientists has decoded the complete genome sequence of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), a common soil bacterium that is the source of more than two thirds of the antibiotics in current use and the harmless relative of the causative organisms for tuberculosis, leprosy, and diphtheria.

The results have shown clusters of genes with the potential for producing new antibiotic agents.

S coelicolor is a soil dwelling, filamentous bacterium responsible for producing most of the natural antibiotics used in human and veterinary medicine today. Researchers working at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, the John Innes Centre, and the …
It's time to rethink access to GPs within 48 hours, report says
Authors: Ann McGauran
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The target of ensuring that patients have access to a GP within 48 hours, as laid down in the NHS Plan ( BMJ 2000;321: 317), is a blunt instrument that fails to meet the differing needs of patients, says a review paper.

The paper, prepared for the Royal College of General Practitioners and the NHS Alliance, calls for the development of more sophisticated indicators that take account of the complexity of primary care provision.

The paper welcomes the increasing numbers of patients' groups in primary care and says that patients need to be involved in drawing up meaningful targets to meet specific …
Film: In this World
Authors: A. Ellis
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Directed by Michael Winterbottom UK release date: 28 March 2003 US release scheduled for autumn 2003 Rating: ![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> If Dirty Pretty Things ( BMJ 2002;325:1427) is about what happens to asylum seekers in the United Kingdom, then In This World is about how they get here. Sixteen-year-old Jamal (Jamal Udin Torabi) and his cousin Enayat (Enayatullah) leave a refugee camp in northern Pakistan for London. We're told that they are from Afghanistan, but not how they got to the camp or why they want … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif
Abstract 5076: Rapid assessment of AML genes for mutation detection and copy number variation
Authors: Mark Andersen, Kate Rhodes, Steve Roman, Cristina VanLoy, Adam Broomer, Michael Allen, Denise Topacio, Guoying Liu, Fiona Hyland
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Targeted sequencing using the Ion AmpliSeq™ Library kit combined with the Ion PGM™ sequencing instrument is a fast and effective method to identify genetic variants in cancer samples. A new targeted primer panel for amplification of genes involved in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) has been developed by Life Technologies. The panel covers 19 genes characterized using over 300 specific primer pairs in two highly multiplexed PCRs. To demonstrate the coverage efficiency, we evaluated libraries prepared from whole blood and isolated genomic DNA. When libraries from 4 individuals were run on a single Ion 318™ Chip, the average coverage depth was &amp;gt;3000x, with &amp;gt;97% of the target bases covered &amp;gt;500X. Additionally, &amp;gt;90% of reads were on-target. The panel was tested on control samples and analyzed using the Ion Reporter™ Software, and expected variants, including copy number variations (CNVs) were detected with high sensitivity and specificity. Citation Format: Mark Andersen, Kate Rhodes, Steve Roman, Cristina VanLoy, Adam Broomer, Michael Allen, Denise Topacio, Guoying Liu, Fiona Hyland. Rapid assessment of AML genes for mutation detection and copy number variation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5076. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5076
Methods to assess respiratory effects of complex mixtures.
Authors: M D Lebowitz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

This paper evaluates the influence of exposures on acute and chronic airway obstruction. Clinical, physiological, and immunological aspects are important in evaluating the effects of the pollutant exposures. Aspects of the exposure-response relationships important enough to record are those factors interactive with the pollutants (e.g., smoking and other personal/behavioral factors) and precursor conditions. To determine baseline status and study chronic effects, one uses standardized and modified health questionnaires and standardized pulmonary function. Confirmatory studies of responsive airways, potentially assessed first by diurnal peak flow, can be done using post-bronchodilator maximum expiratory flow volume curves and methacholine challenges. Immunoglobulin determinations for immunological status (a predisposing/susceptibility factor), allergy skin tests (for immediate hypersensitivity status), and blood counts (mostly for eosinophils) are also important. Other tests that could be performed include expired carbon monoxide and/or carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin (for smoking and combustion exposures). Measures of acute effects are symptomatic responses (by questionnaires and diaries), responses of the airways (as measured by spirometry and peak flows), and changes in medication usage or associated medical care (in diaries). Methodologies should also include discussions of protocols and analysis.
Europe also needs agency for postmarketing surveillance
Authors: Silvio Garattini
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Electronic data protection: procedures need drastic improvementEditor-Gulena et al are correct to challenge overzealous interpretation of data protection law in their questionnaire survey of patients' and visitors' views about having their names displayed in hospital. 1Measures taken by doctors to safeguard patient confidentiality, especially electronic records, are, however, severely deficient and fuel the concerns of those entrusted to police data security.We invited 32 surgical trainees to complete a questionnaire regarding their Data Protection Act registration and electronic data confidentiality practices.Of 29 responders, 26 trainees regularly computerised and stored patients' data.One person was registered with the Data Protection Act.Only three of 14 desktops, eight of 19 laptops, and three of 14 handheld computers forced a password logon.Sixteen of 29 trainees used the same password for all machines, and 25 of 27 passwords were less than eight characters long.All desktops, 16 of 19 laptops, and five of 14 handhelds were routinely connected to the internet, and half of these had not had their online security settings adjusted.Of 29 trainees, 28 did not encrypt their sensitive data files.Ten trainees had sent patients' data unencrypted over the internet, using a non-secure server.Electronic data confidentiality practices among surgical trainees are unsafe, and this is unlikely to be confined to our study population.A breach in confidentiality would have widespread implications for public trust.][4] Existing passwords should be improved, and biometric logon systems (fingerprint scanning) considered.Files containing sensitive data should be routinely encrypted.Magnetic and solid state computer storage devices (including hard disks, floppy disks, CD Roms, DVD Roms, and memory sticks) should undergo routine physical or electronic data shredding after their final use. 5 We are implementing medical information technology security training for this particu-lar group of doctors and would urge others to initiate similar programmes before a serious breach occurs.