tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Ischemic Injury by Nitroglycerin during Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Stephen E. Epstein, Kenneth M. Kent, Robert E. Goldstein, Jeffrey S. Borer, David R. Redwood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1975)

ARRHYTHMIAS and cardiac failure are two of the major, potentially lethal sequelae of acute myocardial infarction. Although measures used to treat arrhythmias are usually considered separately from those used to treat myocardial failure, it is clear that arrhythmias and myocardial failure share a common precipitating mechanism —severe ischemic injury (as defined by a reduction in oxygen delivery to the myocardial cell resulting initially in aberrations of biochemical, electrophysiologic and mechanical function and, if unrelieved, ultimately in cell death). Moreover, in some cases of acute myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular failure and ventricular arrhythmias, the temporal sequence of events suggests . . .
Structured treatment interruption in patients with alveolar echinococcosis
Authors: Stefan Reuter, Andreas Buck, Burkhard Manfras, Wolfgang Kratzer, Hanns Martin Seitz, Kassa Darge, Sven Norbert Reske, Peter Kern
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

In human alveolar echinococcosis (AE), benzimidazoles are given throughout life because they are only parasitostatic. It has been a longstanding goal to limit treatment, and recent reports suggest that, in selected cases, benzimidazoles may be parasitocidal. Previously, we showed that positron -emission tomography (PET) using [ 18 F]fluoro-deoxyglucose discriminates active from inactive lesions in AE. We have now performed a 3-year prospective study in 23 patients and conducted a structured treatment interruption in those without signs of PET activity. Disease progression was further assessed by ultrasound, computerized tomography, laboratory parameters, and clinical examination.We found PET-negative lesions in 15 of 23 patients and benzimidazoles were discontinued in these patients. After 18 months, patients were reevaluated, and, of the 15 initially PET-negative patients, 8 showed either new activity on PET (n = 6) or signs of clinical progression (n = 2). Reinitiation of benzimidazoles halted parasite growth again. No further progression was detected after 36 months. PET had a sensitivity of 91% for the detection of active lesions. In conclusion, despite successful suppression of metabolic activity, in most cases benzimidazoles do not kill the parasite. PET is a reliable tool for assessing metabolic activity and for timely detection of relapses. Neither duration of treatment, kind of treatment, lesion size, calcifications, or regressive changes reliably indicate parasite death. We discourage the discontinuation of benzimidazoles in inoperable AE even after many years of treatment. However, patients with a poor compliance of benzimidazole intake or patients suffering from side effects to benzimidazoles might be assessed for PET negativity. If permanent discontinuation of benzimidazoles is attempted, the course of disease should be followed by PET. (Hepatology 2004;39:509-517.)
Effects of posture on flow-volume curves during normocapnia and hypercapnia in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea.
Authors: C Miura, W Hida, H Miki, Y Kikuchi, T Chonan, T Takishima
Journal: Thorax (1992)

A high ratio of forced expiratory to forced inspiratory maximal flow at 50% of vital capacity (FEF50/FIF50) may identify upper airway dysfunction. Since hypercapnia increases the motor activity of airway dilating muscles its effects on the maximum expiratory and inspiratory flow-volume curves (MEIFV) in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea and in normal subjects in different postures was studied.The effects of posture on the maximum expiratory and inspiratory flow-volume curves during the breathing of air and 7% carbon dioxide in 11 patients with obstructive sleep apnoea were compared with those in nine normal subjects. Measurements were made in the sitting, supine, and right lateral recumbent positions. Forced expiratory flow at 50% vital capacity (FEF50), forced inspiratory flow at 50% vital capacity (FIF50) and FEF50/FIF50 were determined.In the normal subjects FEF50, FIF50, and FEF50/FIF50 were not affected by change in posture or by breathing carbon dioxide. In the patients there was a fall in FIF50 and an increase in FEF50/FIF50 when breathing air in the supine position compared with values in the seated and lateral position. While they were breathing carbon dioxide there was a slight increase in FEF50 when patients were seated or in the lateral position compared with values during air breathing. Hypercapnia abolished the effects of posture on FEF50/FIF50. Values for FEF50/FIF50 in the supine position while they were breathing air correlated with the apnoeic index but not with other polysomnographic data.In patients with obstructive sleep apnoea the upper airway is prone to collapse during inspiration when the patient is supine, even when awake; this tendency can be reversed by breathing carbon dioxide.
Treatment of Ascariasis in Children with Piperazine Adipate
Authors: M. Hanna, A. H. Shehata
Journal: BMJ (1955)

A case of tinea circinata is described in a 10-day-old infant; the 19-year-old mother suffered from tinea capitis and tinea unguium.Three nurses attending the baby were infected.Trichophyton sulphureum was isolated from the baby and from his mother.Ringworm in infancy, tinea capitis in adults, and T. sulphureum infections are discussed and the litera- ture is briefly reviewed.The incubation period of T. sulphureum infections is discussed with reference to these cases.
19. A New, Plasmid-Based Adenoviral Vectoring System Derived from the Highly Immunogenic, Human Ad4 Strain
Authors: Zachary C. Hartman, Todd Mendelson, Andrea Amalfitano
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Human Adenovirus type 4 (HAd-4) is a human member of the Group E Ads, a group also including simian Ads, the latter of which have been reported to be more immunogenic in vitro. More importantly, significant morbidity associated with natural HAd4 infections has been of major concern to both civilians and the US military, prompting deployment of a live, orally administered HAd4 vaccine. These features suggest that HAd4 is intrinsically more immunogenic than other HAds. To exploit these properties, we report the successful development of a HAd4 plasmid-based vector production system. This system allows maximal flexibility for construction of several classes of replication incompetent (or competent) HAd4 based vectors. Transgene insertion into various regions of the HAd4 genome is facilitated by development of several HAd4 targeted shuttle plasmids. HAD4 based vectors grew well in human 293 cells, and by design have a zero probability of homologous recombination with the E1 genes present in 293 cells. A prototype [E1-,E3-] LacZ Ad4 vector showed significantly higher transduction efficiencies in A549, HeLa, and Hep3B cells, but similar transduction efficiencies in 293, Hepa1-6, and Hep2G cell lines, (relative to an identical Ad5-based vector) thus indicating an expanded vector tropism in vitro. In vivo, de-targeting of the liver despite high dose administrations (5×10E10 HAd4 particles/mouse) was noted, and may be due to the shorter shaft, (and lack of HPSG motifs) on the HAd4 fiber. HAd4-based vectors induced the rapid generation of significantly higher plasma levels of many pro-inflammatory cyto/chemokines, including IL-6, G-CSF, MIP-1a, RANTES, and MCP-1, relative to identical treatments with an HAd5 vector. In summary, the immunogenic properties and altered tropism of HAd4 based vectors, (combined with its successful history of being a safe, enterically deliverable vaccine) makes it potentially very useful in pathogenic and cancer vaccination strategies.
From Policemen to Policies: What Is the Future for 2-h Glucose?
Authors: Eveline Eschwège, Marie Aline Charles, Dominique Simon, Nadine Thibult, Beverley Balkau
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

To describe the characteristics and vital prognosis of men with diabetes diagnosed by one fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentration > or =7.0 mmol/l, with diabetes diagnosed by one isolated postchallenge hyperglycemia (IPH) (FPG <7.0 mmol/l and a 2-h plasma glucose concentration > or =11.1 mmol/l), or with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).This study involved a cohort of 6,881 Caucasian nondiabetic men from the Paris Prospective Study, aged 44-55 years, who were followed for cause of death for 20 years.Diabetes was diagnosed in 4.3% of the men (1.0% diabetes diagnosed by IPH), and IGT was diagnosed in 9% of the men. At baseline, the men with diabetes diagnosed by IPH had a lower cardiovascular risk profile than those with diabetes diagnosed by FPG, as did the men with IGT and a normal fasting glucose level (<6.1 mmol/l, IGT and normal fasting glucose), compared with men with impaired fasting glucose (6.1-6.9 mmol/l, IGT and impaired fasting glucose [IFG]). At 20 years of follow-up, all-cause and cancer death rates were higher in men with diabetes diagnosed by IPH than in men with diabetes diagnosed by FPG (55 vs. 44%, P < 0.1 and 31 vs. 17%, P < 0.01, respectively) but were not significantly different for coronary causes (6 vs. 11%). Men with IGT and normal fasting glucose also had significantly higher cancer death rates than men with IGT and IFG.The most likely explanation for the high cancer and low coronary death rates is that men with diabetes diagnosed by IPH consumed alcohol; the men in this study drank 49 g of pure alcohol on average per day, equivalent to 0.6 l of wine. If these results are confirmed by other prospective studies, screening subjects for isolated postchallenge hyperglycemia may not be worthwhile.
Dobson backed NICE ruling on flu drug
Authors: G. Yamey
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The former secretary of state for health, Frank Dobson, has backed the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) in its ruling against the novel influenza drug zanamivir (Relenza).

The institute believes that the current evidence from clinical trials by the manufacturer, Glaxo-Wellcome, suggests only a moderate benefit of the drug to otherwise healthy individuals. The drug reduces flu symptoms by about one day, and the costs of achieving this benefit are uncertain. In the absence of clear evidence of its effectiveness in high risk …
Evolution of the Randomized Controlled Trial in Oncology Over Three Decades
Authors: Christopher M. Booth, David W. Cescon, Lisa Wang, Ian F. Tannock, Monika K. Krzyzanowska
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Purpose The randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard for establishing new therapies in clinical oncology. Here we document changes with time in design, sponsorship, and outcomes of oncology RCTs. Methods Reports of RCTs evaluating systemic therapy for breast, colorectal (CRC), and non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) published 1975 to 2004 in six major journals were reviewed. Two authors abstracted data regarding trial design, results, and conclusions. Conclusions of authors were graded using a 7-point Likert scale. For each study the effect size for the primary end point was converted to a summary measure. Results A total of 321 eligible RCTs were included (48% breast, 24% CRC, 28% NSCLC). Over time, the number and size of RCTs increased considerably. For-profit/mixed sponsorship increased substantially during the study period (4% to 57%; P &lt; .001). There was increasing use of time-to-event measures (39% to 78%) and decreasing use of response rate (54% to 14%) as primary end point (P &lt; .001). Effect size remained stable over the study period. Authors have become more likely to strongly endorse the experimental arm (P = .017). A significant P value for the primary end point and industry sponsorship were each independently associated with endorsement of the experimental agent (odds ratio [OR] = 19.6, 95% CI, 8.9 to 43.1, and OR = 3.5, 95% CI, 1.6 to 7.5, respectively). Conclusion RCTs in oncology have become larger and are more likely to be sponsored by industry. Authors of modern RCTs are more likely to strongly endorse novel therapies. For-profit sponsorship and statistically significant results are independently associated with endorsement of the experimental arm.
Abnormal Left Ventricular Contraction in Patients with Mitral Stenosis
Authors: STANLEY J. HELLER, RICHARD A. CARLETON
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Twenty-five patients with pure mitral stenosis and nine normal subjects were studied by selective left ventricular cineangiocardiography. Left ventricular volumes were measured at end systole, throughout diastole, and at end diastole. Although filling curves showed that the left ventricles filled slowly in patients with mitral stenosis, normal end-diastolic volumes were attained provided diastole lasted 400 msec. Despite normal end-diastolic volumes, end-systolic volumes were significantly larger ( P &lt; 0.0005) in the patients with mitral stenosis (av=64.6 ml) than in normal subjects (30.8 ml). Correspondingly, left ventricular ejection fractions were significantly lower ( P &lt; 0.0005) in the patients with mitral stenosis (55.7%) than in the normal subjects (76.7%). Qualitative analysis of the cineangiocardiograms demonstrated that 20 patients with mitral stenosis had distortion, immobility, and rigidity of the posterobasal area of the left ventricle. It is hypothesized that a rigid "mitral complex" immobilizes the posterobasal area of the left ventricle in patients with mitral stenosis, thereby impairing left ventricular contraction, and that this impairment is an important factor in the reduced cardiac output of these patients.
Persistence of Differences in Iodine Status in Newborns after the Reunification of Berlin
Authors: A. Grüters, K.P. Liesenkötter, H. Willgerodt
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

To the Editor: Iodine deficiency persists in the former Federal Republic of Germany, including West Berlin, where the use of iodized salt is voluntary. In contrast, iodine supplementation of all ho...
The First Use of Penicillin in the United States
Authors: Eric A. Jackson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Letters20 January 2009The First Use of Penicillin in the United StatesEric A. Jackson, PharmDEric A. Jackson, PharmDFrom the University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-2-200901200-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I found the account by Grossman (1) of the first use of penicillin in the United States to be very thorough and interesting. While reading this, I was reminded of a very short description of this event published in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report in July 1999, 1 month after the death of the patient described by Grossman. Their account of this event contained the following information not included in Grossman's article that might interest readers: “…She survived to marry, raise a family, and meet Sir Alexander Fleming, the scientist who discovered penicillin” (2).Eric A. Jackson, ...References1. Grossman CM. The first use of penicillin in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149:135-6. [PMID: 18626052] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Achievements in public health, 1900–1999; control of infectious diseases. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999;48:621-9. [PMID: 10458535] MedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From the University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe First Use of Penicillin in the United States Charles M. Grossman The First Use of Penicillin in the United States Andres G. Ortiz The First Use of Penicillin in the United States Jesse J. Waggoner The First Use of Penicillin in the United States Charles M. Grossman Metrics Cited byThe First Use of Penicillin in the United StatesCharles M. Grossman, MD 20 January 2009Volume 150, Issue 2Page: 146KeywordsConflicts of interestMorbidityPenicillinScientists ePublished: 20 January 2009 Issue Published: 20 January 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Pacemaker in a Centenarian
Authors: Joseph Grayzel
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A recent letter to the Editor from Colokathis et al reported implantation of a permanent cardiac pacemaker in a 92-year-old woman, following which the patient returned to normal activity. We share their opinion that gratifying results are obtainable in patients of advanced age, and that a "generation gap" in this direction need not exist. In support of this contention we would like to report that in the spring of 1967 we implanted a permanent cardiac pacemaker in an alert 103-year-old white man, who thereafter returned home to his usual level of activity which, at that time of year, consisted principally of casual strolls amidst the flowers of his garden. Several months later the patient sustained a severe fecal impaction, for which he was re-admitted to the hospital and successfully treated. However, his 80-year-old daughter, with whom he had lived for several decades, no longer felt equal to
SEVERE ARSENICAL REACTION ENCOUNTERED IN THE FIVE DAY TREATMENT FOR EARLY SYPHILIS
Authors: Herbert Rattner
Journal: JAMA (1942)

This is to record the first serious reaction affecting the kidneys, liver and heart from the use of mapharsen in the treatment of early syphilis by the five day massive dose method. One of the significant facts noted in our experience of 348 patients treated by this method, and among the 1,150<sup>1</sup>or more patients treated similarly by the Middle Western Cooperative Group, has been the lack of serious damage to important parenchymatous organs. There have been reports of several cerebral accidents,<sup>2</sup>some of them fatal, and minor side effects have been encountered frequently—nausea, emesis, headache, fever, painful arms and toxic eruptions. Aside from transitory albuminuria and a slight elevation of the icteric index, however, there have been no reports of a reaction in which the toxic manifestations were those of an acute glomerulonephritis, anuria, uremia, hepatitis, ileus and pericarditis. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> A Negro aged 23 had
Peak flow based asthma self-management: a randomised controlled study in general practice. British Thoracic Society Research Committee.
Authors: K P Jones, M A Mullee, M Middleton, E Chapman, S T Holgate
Journal: Thorax (1995)

Peak flow based asthma self-management plans have been strongly advocated in consensus statements, but convincing evidence for the effectiveness of this approach has been largely lacking.A randomised controlled trial was conducted in 25 general practices comparing an asthma self-management programme based on home peak flow monitoring and surgery review by a general practitioner or practice nurse with a programme of planned visits for surgery review only over a six month period.Seventy two subjects (33 in the self-management group and 39 in the planned visit group) completed the study protocol, but diary card data for at least three months were available on a total of 84 (39 in the self-management group and 45 in the planned visit group). Teaching self-management took longer than the planned visit review. In the self-management group home peak flow monitoring was felt to be useful by doctors and patients in 28 (85%) and 27 (82%) cases, respectively. There were no between group differences during the study period in terms of lung function, symptoms, quality of life, and prescribing costs. Only within the self-management group were improvements noted in disturbance of daily activities and quality of life. Possible explanations for these negative results include small numbers of subjects, the mild nature of their asthma, and inappropriate self-management strategies for such patients.Rigid adherence to long term daily peak flow measurement in the management of mild asthma in general practice does not appear to produce large changes in outcomes. Self-management and the use of prescribed peak flow meters need to be tailored to individual circumstances.
Reply to S. Nagai et al
Authors: David Grimwade, Jelena V. Jovanovic, Robert K. Hills, Ellen Solomon, Francesco Lo-Coco, Keith Wheatley, Alan K. Burnett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Nagai et al1 highlight some pertinent issues related to current treatment approaches to acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). In common with data from other cooperative groups, the recent study by the European APL Group reported by Kelaidi et al2 shows how heightened awareness of APL as a medical emergency demanding prompt administration of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and aggressive coagulation support—coupled with greater experience in prevention and management of treatment-related complications, including differentiation syndrome—has led to reductions in rates of induction death, particularly in patients with higher presenting WBC counts. Such measures were similarly implemented in the MRC AML15 (Medical Research Council [London, United Kingdom] Acute Myeloid Leukemia) trial,3 in accordance with the International European LeukemiaNet guidelines.4 However, when comparing results from different cooperative groups, it is also important to recognize that different trial entry criteria can result in large differences in reported rates of induction death.
Alternatively spliced vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 is an essential endogenous inhibitor of lymphatic vessel growth
Authors: Romulo J C Albuquerque, Takahiko Hayashi, Won Gil Cho, Mark E Kleinman, Sami Dridi, Atsunobu Takeda, Judit Z Baffi, Kiyoshi Yamada, Hiroki Kaneko, Martha G Green, Joe Chappell, Jörg Wilting, Herbert A Weich, Satoru Yamagami, Shiro Amano, Nobuhisa Mizuki, Jonathan S Alexander, Martha L Peterson, Rolf A Brekken, Masanori Hirashima, Seema Capoor, Tomohiko Usui, Balamurali K Ambati, Jayakrishna Ambati
Journal: Nature Medicine (2009)
Re: Byron H. Lee, Adam S. Kibel, Jay P. Ciezki, et al. Are Biochemical Recurrence Outcomes Similar After Radical Prostatectomy and Radiation Therapy? Analysis of Prostate Cancer–Specific Mortality by Nomogram-predicted Risks of Biochemical Recurrence. Eur Urol 2015;67:204–9
Authors: Kevin Lu
Journal: European Urology (2015)
Combination of Vaniprevir With Peginterferon and Ribavirin Significantly Increases the Rate of SVR in Treatment-Experienced Patients With Chronic HCV Genotype 1 Infection and Cirrhosis
Authors: Maribel Rodriguez–Torres, Albrecht Stoehr, Edward J. Gane, Lawrence Serfaty, Eric Lawitz, Amy Zhou, Michael Bourque, Sanhita Bhanja, Julie Strizki, Richard J.O. Barnard, Peggy M.T. Hwang, Mark J. DiNubile, Niloufar Mobashery
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2013)
Nalidixic Acid--Request for Prompt Reporting of Suspected Adverse Reactions
Authors: D. A. Cahal
Journal: BMJ (1965)

ArticlesBRIjTISH 2.07 pg./g.respectively.Spinach too has a high value- maximum 1.15 ,ug./g.-but few people, least of all pregnant mothers, like raw spinach.On the whole in temperate climates it seems easier to give the usual pill of 5 mg.folic acid daily-an excessive amount admittedly, but in Britain cheaper than the vegetables.
Injectable self-curing bioactive acrylic-glass composites charged with specific anti-inflammatory/analgesic agent
Authors: J.A. Méndez, M. Fernández, A. González-Corchón, M. Salvado, F. Collı́a, J.A. de Pedro, B.L. Levenfeld, A. López-Bravo, B. Vázquez, J. San Román
Journal: Biomaterials (2003)