tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reallexikon der Medizin und ihrer Grenzgebeite
Authors: Z. Danilevicius
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The first of six volumes (scheduled to appear one volume per year) permits us to classify the work as a very comprehensive medical encyclopedia and expository dictionary of biological terms in the German language. In addition to the accepted scientific terms, it includes names of biological substances, formulary preparations, generic and proprietory drugs, eponyms, formulas, biographical data, rare and unusual terms, international synonyms, authorship of procedures, dosages, and other details. Entries are presented according to international nomenclature, all possible meanings of ambiguous terms are precisely enumerated, and etymological derivation explained. Where pertinent, historical dates and statistical data are supplied. With the most important scientific definitions, corresponding key words in English and French are provided. Different meanings of terms used in more than one discipline are given. Determinative bacteriological names correspond, with some exceptions, to those used by Bergey. It may be of benefit to have a copy of this lexicon
Body mass index trajectory classes and incident asthma in childhood: Results from 8 European Birth Cohorts—a Global Allergy and Asthma European Network initiative
Authors: Peter Rzehak, Alet H. Wijga, Thomas Keil, Esben Eller, Carsten Bindslev-Jensen, Henriette A. Smit, Joost Weyler, Sandra Dom, Jordi Sunyer, Michelle Mendez, Maties Torrent, Oriol Vall, Carl-Peter Bauer, Dietrich Berdel, Beate Schaaf, Chih-Mei Chen, Anna Bergström, Maria P. Fantini, Monique Mommers, Ulrich Wahn, Susanne Lau, Joachim Heinrich
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Abstract 5625: <i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> pharmacology of MEDI-565 (MT111), a novel CEA/CD3-bispecific single-chain BiTE antibody in development for the treatment of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas
Authors: Stacy R. Fuhrmann, Maria Amann, Kathy Mulgrew, Grit Lorenczewski, Raffaele Baffa, Andreas Wolf, Michael Oberst, Benno Rattel, Petra Lutterbuese, Patrick Baeuerle, Bahija Jallal, Pamela Trail, Laura Richman, Steven Coats, Scott A. Hammond
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract MEDI-565 (MT111) is a novel bispecific single-chain antibody of the BiTE (Bispecific T cell engager) class that transiently links carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) on cancer cells with human CD3 on T cells. MEDI-565 specifically binds to human CEA with an affinity of 8.5 nM but not to any other member of the CEACAM family. In targeted expression studies on cryopreserved and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections, MEDI-565 demonstrated membrane-localized binding specifically to epithelial cells in human cancerous tissues. The highest prevalence of MEDI-565 binding (∼90%) was in adenocarcinomas of gastrointestinal origin. In in vitro killing assays, MEDI-565 recruited T cells via the CD3 antigen (affinity of 310 nM) in a process that required concomitant binding to CEA positive tumor cells for T cell activation. As a consequence, T cells expanded, increased cell surface expression of the activation markers CD69 and CD25, and released perforin and granzymes. The release of cytotoxic granule content led to a Ca2+-dependent activation of pro-caspases and subsequent apoptosis of CEA-expressing tumor cells. Efficient target cell lysis by MEDI-565 was predominantly mediated by CD8+ T cells and occurred within a wide range of effector-to-target ratios (80:1 to 5:1) for T cells derived from various human donors. BiTE mediated killing was not affected by the presence of soluble CEA (≤5 µg/mL). The in vivo activity of MEDI-565 was investigated in subcutaneous xenograft models using immunocompromised SCID mice inoculated with mixtures of human T cells and human cancer cell lines. The antibody was eliminated from the serum with a half-life of a few hours following a single intravenous (IV) or subcutaneous (SC) injection. Despite a relatively short serum half-life, daily IV or SC bolus treatments over 5 days provided sufficient levels of exposure to inhibit the growth of CEA-positive tumors in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of growth was observed for tumors of different tissue origins and was dependent on the presence of human T cells and CEA expression by tumor cells. There were no MEDI-565-related in-life observations following treatment. These studies demonstrated that MEDI-565 has potent and selective anti-cancer activity in vitro and in vivo and provides evidence that MEDI-565 may be an effective monotherapy to treat CEA-expressing malignancies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5625.
Adaptive Gene Loss Reflects Differences in the Visual Ecology of Basal Vertebrates
Authors: W. L. Davies, S. P. Collin, D. M. Hunt
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

The agnathans (lampreys and hagfishes) are representatives of the jawless fishes and constitute the first lineage of extant vertebrates to evolve within chordate phylogenetic history. Previously, we showed that the southern hemisphere pouched lamprey Geotria australis has the potential for pentachromacy with the expression of five visual pigment (opsin) genes (LWS, SWS1, SWS2, RhA, and RhB) in five different cone-like photoreceptors for life in a brightly lit environment exposed to a broad spectrum of light. In contrast, the northern hemisphere sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus dwells in a wide range of depths that are relatively deeper than the epipelagic waters inhabited by G. australis. Thus, the light levels of the habitat in which the sea lamprey resides are greatly diminished and different regions of the light spectrum are differentially absorbed. Therefore, the visual systems of these two species of lamprey constitute a natural experiment in which to study the selection pressures underlying opsin gene expression and the evolution of color discrimination. By analyzing the opsin genes of P. marinus, we show the expression of two intact retinal opsins, RhA and LWS, which, when regenerated with 11-cis retinal, give peak spectral sensitivities (λmax values) of 501 and 536 nm, respectively. In contrast to G. australis, the genome of P. marinus possesses remnants of SWS1 and SWS2 pseudogenes, which with the loss of RhB, suggests that P. marinus is a dichromat. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we show that a single amino acid substitution (Ser to Pro) at site 164 is responsible for a blue shift of 19 nm of the LWS visual pigment of P. marinus compared with G. australis, which may reflect habitat differences between the two species. Based on these studies, we propose that gene loss (or duplication) and subsequent mutation plays an important role in the evolution of color vision and that the complement and tuning of these visual pigments reflect the ecology and light environment of these phylogenetically basal vertebrates.
1139-57 Impact of coronary artery bending at stent edges on subsequent plaque proliferation: A serial volumetric itravascular ultrasound analysis
Authors: Hiroshi Yamaguchi, Hideaki Kaneda, Fumiaki Ikeno, Brian K Coutney, Shinjo Sonoda, Ryouta Sakurai, Yoshihisa Shimada, Paul G Yock, Peter J Fitzgerald, Yasuhiro Honda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
In vitro evaluation of concurrent use of commercially available insect repellent and sunscreen preparations.
Authors: X. Gu, T. Wang, D.M. Collins, S. Kasichayanula, F.J. Burczynski
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Journal Article In vitro evaluation of concurrent use of commercially available insect repellent and sunscreen preparations Get access X. Gu, X. Gu Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada Xiaochen Gu. E‐mail: xgu@cc.umanitoba.ca Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Wang, T. Wang Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.M. Collins, D.M. Collins Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Kasichayanula, S. Kasichayanula Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F.J. Burczynski F.J. Burczynski Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 152, Issue 6, 1 June 2005, Pages 1263–1267, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06691.x Published: 01 June 2005 Article history Accepted: 08 February 2005 Published: 01 June 2005
Mental capacity, legal competence and consent to treatment
Authors: A. Buchanan
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

Deciding whether someone is legally competent to make decisions regarding their own treatment requires an assessment of their mental capacity. The assessed capacity required for legal competence increases with the seriousness of what is at stake. The usual explanation is that patient autonomy is being balanced against best interests. An alternative explanation, that we require greater room for error when the consequences are serious, implies a change to clinical practice and in the evidence doctors offer in court.
Branched polyesters based on poly[vinyl-3-(dialkylamino)alkylcarbamate-co-vinyl acetate-co-vinyl alcohol]-graft-poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide): Effects of polymer structure on in vitro degradation behaviour
Authors: Florian Unger, Matthias Wittmar, Frank Morell, Thomas Kissel
Journal: Biomaterials (2008)
Lenticular Opacities With Prolonged Phenothiazine Therapy
Authors: Lester H. Margolis
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Eight of 31 schizophrenic patients to whom prolonged use of phenothiazine derivatives has meant the difference between multiple hospitalizations and "deterioration" and good adjustment with relative self-sufficiency outside the hospital have developed lenticular opacities after three to nine years of therapy. In contrast with other reports linking this type of lesion to chlorpromazine usage, this study indicates that it may be induced by trifluoperazine hydrochloride, or may be cumulative and a potential property of any phenothiazine derivative. In considering the therapeutic implications of these findings it must be stressed that the lesions described in this report are minimal and asymptomatic, and that the as yet unassessed hazard of further progression leading to cataract formation with continuation of treatment must be weighed against the almost certain dismal prognosis for such patients if phenothiazine therapy is abandoned.
Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy and Inferior Vena Cava Thrombectomy in the Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Pengfei Shao, Jie Li, Chao Qin, Qiang Lv, Xiaobing Ju, Pu Li, Yongfeng Shao, Buqing Ni, Changjun Yin
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Bisphosphonates directly inhibit the bone resorption activity of isolated avian osteoclasts in vitro.
Authors: A Carano, S L Teitelbaum, J D Konsek, P H Schlesinger, H C Blair
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Bisphosphonates are useful in treatment of disorders with increased osteoclastic activity, but the mechanism by which bisphosphonates act is unknown. We used cultures of chicken osteoclasts to address this issue, and found that 1-hydroxyethylidenediphosphonic acid (EHDP), dichloromethylidenediphosphonic acid (Cl2MDP), or 3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (APD) all cause direct dose-dependent suppression of osteoclastic activity. Effects are mediated by bone-bound drugs, with 50% reduction of bone degradation occurring at 500 nM to 5 microM of the different agents. Osteoclastic bone-binding capacity decreased by 30-40% after 72 h of bisphosphonate treatment, despite maintenance of cell viability. Significant inhibition of bone resorption in each case is seen only after 24-72 h of treatment. Osteoclast activity depends on ATP-dependent proton transport. Using acridine orange as an indicator, we found that EHDP reduces proton accumulation by osteoclasts. However, inside-out plasma membrane vesicles from osteoclasts transport H+ normally in response to ATP in high concentrations of EHDP, Cl2MDP, or APD. This suggests that the bisphosphonates act as metabolic inhibitors. Bisphosphonates reduce osteoclastic protein synthesis, supporting this hypothesis. Furthermore, [3H]leucine incorporation by the fibroblast, which does not resorb bone, is also diminished by EHDP, Cl2MDP and APD except when co-cultured with bisphosphonate-binding bone particles. Thus, the resorption-antagonizing capacities of EHDP, Cl2MDP and APD reflect metabolic inhibition, with selectivity for the osteoclast resulting from high affinity binding to bone mineral.
THREE-YEAR OUTCOMES AFTER SIROLIMUS VERSUS BARE METAL STENT IMPLANTATION FOR THE CHRONIC TOTAL OCCLUSIONS: SUBGROUP ANALYSIS OF THE J-CYPHER REGISTRY
Authors: Masafumi Katoh, Hideo Nishikawa, Fumiya Uchida, Kazuaki Mitsudo, Takeshi Kimura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor enhances the expression of transforming growth factor‐β mRNA in CD4‐positive peripheral blood lymphocytes in the donors for allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation
Authors: Yasuo Hirayama, Sumio Sakamaki, Takuya Matsunaga, Hiroyuki Kuroda, Toshiro Kusakabe, Takehide Akiyama, Junji Kato, Katsuhisa Kogawa, Ryuzo Koyama, Tadanori Nagai, Hidetoshi Ohta, Yoshiro Niitsu
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2002)

The degree of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (allo-PBSCT) has been observed to be, unexpectedly, of an equal level to that after bone marrow transplantation. To explain this phenomenon, we hypothesized that granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration may induce transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta producing T cells in the donors. Five donors received 10 microg/kg G-CSF subcutaneously for 4 days. The TGFbeta mRNA expression in CD4(+) cells as measured by real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction increased after G-CSF administration. This elevation is considered to be one additive mechanism of repression of acute GVHD after allo-PBSCT.
Another Piece of the Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Puzzle
Authors: Ross L. Levine
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Myeloproliferative neoplasms are clonal hematopoietic disorders that manifest as expansion of one or more myeloid lineages. The most common myeloproliferative neoplasms are chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis. Whereas the genetic basis for CML has been known for more than 30 years, the specific genetic events that contribute to the pathogenesis of polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis remained unknown until 2005.Our first insight into the molecular cause of these disorders came when the somatic JAK2 V617F mutation14 was identified in the majority of patients with polycythemia vera and in a subset . . .
Cervical esophageal capillary hemangioma removed by combined and sequential endoscopic ligation and snare polypectomy
Authors: J. Liu, H. Wang, W. Gao, Y. Chi, Y. Tian
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Esophageal capillary hemangioma is a rare benign esophageal tumor, and is usually asymptomatic [1]. More and more patients with esophageal hemangioma are being treated endoscopically [2] [3] by combined techniques in order to prevent massive bleeding, although the advantages are still controversial.
A Porcelain Gallbladder Affecting the Assessment of Bone Mineral Content
Authors: JAN ROLAND, CHRISTIANE POULIART, FRANK RAEMAN, LUC WILLIAME, JOHAN VANDEVIVERE
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

ROLAND, JAN M.D.; POULIART, CHRISTIANE M.D.; RAEMAN, FRANK M.D.; WILLIAME, LUC M.D.; VANDEVIVERE, JOHAN M.D. Author Information
William Bateson, the rediscoverer of Mendel
Authors: Milo Keynes, TM Cox
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2008)

In his paper1 on Mendelian randomization, Dr Davey-Smith once again gives credit to Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns and Erich von Tschermak-Seysenegg for the rediscovery of Mendel's paper2 on plant hybridization (JRSM 2007; 100: 432–5). These late nineteenth century scientists were principally interested in hybrids; but referring to Mendel's paper in their different ways, each showed an incomplete understanding of his work. The principle Correns considered in 19003 to refer to hybridization was neither the law of segregation nor the law of independent assortment that we know today under Mendel's name.

Despite the impression that all three had discovered Mendel independently, knowing that de Vries had started writing on his research, it was a fellow Dutch biologist who had sent him an offprint of Mendel’s paper. De Vries then referred to Mendel in his paper of 19004 – a reference that we cannot be sure Correns and von Tschermak had not seen in advance of their own papers, which were soon also to appear.5

William Bateson saw de Vries’s publication4 while completing a paper on ‘Problems of Heredity’ he had given earlier to the Royal Horticultural Society; he immediately searched out the copy of Mendel’s report in Cambridge University Library. Realizing its importance to the study of heredity, Bateson cited Mendel’s work in full in the printed text of his RHS paper6, which appeared in 1901. Archibald Garrod, who had first written on ‘an inborn error in metabolism’ in 1899,7 discussed Bateson’s paper with him, and – as the term ’genetics’ was only coined by Bateson in 1905 – in 1902 introduced Mendelism8 into what was to become medical genetics.

By 1901, William Bateson had fully recognized the importance of the research Gregor Mendel had completed in 1865. Bateson brought Mendel’s concepts further to the notice of the scientific world in his innovative book9 in 1909, which included his own translation of Mendel’s paper from the original German and in its entirety. We contend that this recognition of Mendel in the scientific world by William Bateson, himself the discoverer of epistasis, homeotic mutations and genetic linkage – as well as the true significance of Mendel’s scientific findings – is more telling than any questions of priority relating to the publications of 1900.
Advances in Islet Cell Transplantation: Is Science Closer to a Diabetes Cure?
Authors: Andrew Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1990)

RECENT ADVANCES in islet cell transplantation research may provide some encouragement for the long-held hope that a cure for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus someday may be possible. As has been pointed out by Gordon C. Weir, MD, and colleagues (<i>Diabetes</i>. 1990;39:401-405), "the lack of any successful human islet transplants has been very frustrating for participants and observers." Probably the most promising advance in this regard has been the recent achievement of at least temporary insulin independence in two patients in pilot studies at Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, Mo. At the 50th Annual Meeting and Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association, in Atlanta, Ga, David W. Scharp, MD, associate professor of surgery at Washington University, reported that the latest patient with diabetes to undergo islet transplantation at his center continued to be insulin independent several weeks after receiving the transplant. That patient is still free from having
Smoking, Catecholamines, and the Heart
Authors: Robert J. Lefkowitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Ample, carefully documented evidence supports the familiar warning printed on each of the 30 billion packages of cigarettes sold in this country each year. Nonetheless, cigarette consumption in this country continues to rise at the rate of 2 to 3 per cent per year. Of the illnesses in which increased morbidity or mortality has been associated with cigarette smoking none are of greater public-health importance than coronary-artery disease.1 A great deal of epidemiologic and laboratory effort has been directed toward gaining a better understanding of the mechanisms by which smoking promotes the development and exacerbates the symptoms of atherosclerotic coronary-artery . . .
Utilizing quantitative immunohistochemistry for relationship analysis of tumor microenvironment of head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Zipei Feng, Tarsem Moudgil, Allen Cheng, Christopher Paustian, Rieneke van de Ven, Christopher Dubay, Hong-Ming Hu, Tuan Bui, Tyler Hulett, Traci Hilton, Carlo Bifulco, Richard B Bell, Bernard A Fox
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cells using quantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) has proved to be a powerful prognostic biomarker in colon cancer [[1][1], [2][2]]. Similar observations have been made in patients with oral, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (OHNSCC),
Changing pattern of alcoholic liver disease in Great Britain: relation to sex and signs of autoimmunity.
Authors: N Krasner, M Davis, B Portmann, R Williams
Journal: BMJ (1977)

A survey of 293 patients with alcoholic liver disease showed that women, particularly those aged under 45, had a significantly higher incidence of alcoholic hepatitis, with or without superimposed cirrhosis, than men. The long-term prognosis for both women who continued to drink and those who stopped drinking was worse than that for men. Autoantibodies were more common in women, which suggested that immune mechanisms may play a part in the pathogenesis and progression of alcoholic liver disease in women.
REFRACTION IN SCHOOLS.
Authors: FRANK ALLPORT
Journal: JAMA (1895)

This is an age of prevention rather than of cure. The greatest efforts are being made to cure disease before disease occurs. Can anything more distinctly exemplify the disinterestedness of the physician than his earnest and unremitting efforts towards prophylactic medicine? Reflect for a moment upon the discovery of vaccination for smallpox, and the villification endured by its progenitors and advocates. Note the active work accomplished by the medical profession in all questions involving sanitary reform and hygiene. Observe the earnestness of scientists as they endeavor to prevent the existence of diphtheria, tuberculosis, cholera, etc. by laboriously exhausting their very lives over the microscope and test tube. No one can affirm but that the existence of disease is more profitable to the physician than its dissipation; and yet the proudest member of our profession is he who discovers a prophylactic rather than a curative measure. Along this line of thought,
Postpartum haemorrhage after induced and spontaneous labour
Authors: M. Thiery
Journal: BMJ (1978)

an objective remission in one patient who underwent hormonal ablation and was shown to be ER-negative, PgR-positive.I hope that the above-cited references will correct the impression that only ER-positive tumours contain PgR.Although the number of cases of PgR-positive, ER-negative tumours is small, they do exist.The importance of recognising this group of mammary carcinomas is that it may provide new insights into the interrelationship that exists between various hormones, their receptors, and tumour regression.