tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Prescription and Proscription of Chorionic Gonadotropin
Authors: Richard D. Amelar
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Council Report, "Medical and Nonmedical Uses of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids,"<sup>1</sup>concludes with recommendations for legislative and legal initiatives to control the prescription and distribution of anabolicandrogenic steroids. In addition to Alabama, California, and Florida, which are mentioned as having scheduled the drugs under their state controlled substance acts, the New York State legislature in December 1989 passed a law that reclassifies anabolic steroids as Schedule II, controlled substances. This law, which went into effect on January 12, 1990, requires that all anabolic and androgenic steroids be subject to the same inventory and ordering controls as Schedule II narcotics, barbiturates, and related compounds. This includes the requirement that the steroids be prescribed on a New York State triplicate prescription form and that they may not be prescribed or administered without first obtaining the informed consent of the patient or a person legally authorized to give consent on
Cardiac Auscultation Skills of Physicians in Training
Authors: Alex S. Stagnaro-Green, Mark H. Swartz
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Using a standardized patient assessment, we confirmed the disturbing findings in the article by Drs Mangione and Nieman<sup>1</sup>concerning the cardiac examination and substantiate their fears regarding other basic physical diagnostic skills. Nearly 1500 students from 8 New York City medical schools are assessed annually at The Morchand Center for Clinical Competence at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, and examination results commonly show weaknesses in this area. For the class of 1997, for example, in a standardized patient with shortness of breath, chest pain, and possible aortic dissection, only 4% of 1026 examinees evaluated blood pressures in both upper extremities, 50% auscultated the lungs, and 10% percussed the posterior lung fields. In another standardized patient with signs and symptoms of new-onset diabetes mellitus, only 10% of students checked gross visual acuity, and 28% assessed position sense. Another standardized patient presented with the classic signs and symptoms of acute
Relative Contribution of Blood from Each Lung to the Left-to-Right Shunt in Atrial Septal Defect
Authors: H. J.C. SWAN, PETER S. HETZEL, HOWARD B. BURCHELL, EARL H. WOOD
Journal: Circulation (1956)

Arterial dilution curves of T-1824 have been recorded by oximeters after injection of T-1824 into both the right and left pulmonary arteries in patients with anomalous connections of the pulmonary veins, with atrial septal defects or with persistent common atrioventricular canals. The most extreme differences were found between the pairs of curves in the patients with the anomalous connection. These differences were less pronounced but clearly recognizable in the other conditions, and suggested a more general use of the term "anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. "The findings indicate that, in the usual case of atrial septal defect, a greater proportion of the blood from the right lung passes to the right atrium than does blood from the left lung.
Death of “no comment”?
Authors: Caroline White
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The past few months have not been good for British paediatrics. Serial allegations by parents, and last month's announcement of a review of more than 250 parental convictions for killing their children, have focused intense media scrutiny on the credibility, competence, and motives of some of the country's leading paediatricians involved in child protection work. And a survey from the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health published this week shows that some paediatricians have received death threats.
Priming effect of platelet activating factor on leukotriene C4 from stimulated eosinophils of asthmatic patients.
Authors: K. Shindo, K. Koide, Y. Hirai, M. Sumitomo, M. Fukumura
Journal: Thorax (1996)

Eosinophils from asthmatic patients are known to release greater amounts of leukotrienes than normal eosinophils when stimulated by the calcium ionophore A23187. The effect of platelet activating factor (PAF) in priming eosinophils was investigated.Eosinophils were obtained from 18 asthmatic patients and 18 healthy donors. Cells separated by the Percoll gradients were incubated with PAF (C-18) for 30 minutes and then stimulated with the calcium ionophore A23187 (2.5 microM) for 15 minutes. The amount of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) in supernatants was measured using a combination of high pressure liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay.The mean (SD) amount of LTC4 released by eosinophils from asthmatic patients upon stimulation with the calcium ionophore A23187 alone was 27.9 (9.9) ng/10(6) cells (n = 6). The amount of LTC4 released following stimulation with the calcium ionophore A23187 after pretreatment with PAF (1, 5, and 10 microM) was 57.2 (8.9), 75.1 (14.3), and 52.6 (10.7) ng/10(6) cells (n = 6), respectively. Trace amounts of LTC4 (0.9 (0.02) ng/10(6) cells, n = 6) were detected in the supernatant of the cells after stimulation by PAF alone (5 microM). The amount of LTC4 released upon stimulation by calcium ionophore A23187 alone in eosinophils from healthy donors was 10.3 (3.7) ng/10(6) cells (n = 4). The amounts of LTC4 released upon stimulation with calcium ionophore A23187 after pretreatment with PAF at concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 microM were 11.9 (3.5), 17.8 (5.6), and 12.7 (5.1) ng/10(6) cells (n = 4), respectively. Trace amounts of LTC4 (0.6 (0.02) ng/10(6) cells, n = 4) were detected in the supernatant of the cells upon stimulation with PAF alone (5 microM). The amounts of LTC4 released upon stimulation with calcium ionophore A23187 after pretreatment with lyso-PAF at concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 microM (n = 4 or 6) were 30.8 (5.2), 22.9 (5.1), and 27.3 (4.3) ng/10(6) cells (n = 6) from the eosinophils of asthmatic patients and 13.7 (3.3), 15.2 (4.9), and 14.7 (3.8) ng/10(6) cells (n = 4) from the eosinophils of healthy donors.The results indicated that PAF enhanced LTC4 formation by eosinophils obtained from asthmatic patients stimulated with the calcium ionophore A23187, but not those obtained from normal subjects.
Effect on Serum ECP, NO and MCP-1 Level of Specific Immunotherapy in Ashmatic Children Monosensitized to Mite
Authors: S.G. Kendirli, Ö. Cevit, D. Inci, D.U. Altıntas, M. Yılmaz, G.B. Karakoc
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2006)
Pneumococcal genome sequencing tracks a vaccine escape variant formed through a multi-fragment recombination event
Authors: Tanya Golubchik, Angela B Brueggemann, Teresa Street, Robert E Gertz, Chris C A Spencer, Thien Ho, Eleni Giannoulatou, Ruth Link-Gelles, Rosalind M Harding, Bernard Beall, Tim E A Peto, Matthew R Moore, Peter Donnelly, Derrick W Crook, Rory Bowden
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity of multifactorial adjuvants compared with unitary adjuvants as cancer vaccines
Authors: Cory L. Ahonen, Anna Wasiuk, Shinichiro Fuse, Mary Jo Turk, Marc S. Ernstoff, Arief A. Suriawinata, James D. Gorham, Ross M. Kedl, Edward J. Usherwood, Randolph J. Noelle
Journal: Blood (2008)
Outcome of pregnancy in women with cystic fibrosis.
Authors: F P Edenborough, D E Stableforth, A K Webb, W E Mackenzie, D L Smith
Journal: Thorax (1995)

BACKGROUND--As women with cystic fibrosis are living longer, pregnancy is becoming increasingly common. The combined experience of pregnancies in women with cystic fibrosis from adult centres in the Midlands and North of England has been examined. METHODS--A retrospective study of the case notes of 22 pregnancies in 20 patients with cystic fibrosis examined changes in lung function, body weight, and microbiological status during the course of pregnancy. Duration of pregnancy, birth weight, and maternal survival were amongst other variables studied. The relation between values before pregnancy and important outcome measures were examined. RESULTS--Eighteen of 22 pregnancies were completed producing healthy, non-cystic fibrosis infants (12 female). Mothers lost 13% of FEV1 and 11% of FVC during pregnancy, most of which was regained. Body weight changes were variable, but most mothers gained weight (mean weight gain 5.7 kg). Microbiological status remained unchanged. Six infants were preterm and two were light for dates. Four mothers died up to 3.2 years following delivery. Of the prepregnancy parameters examined, %FEV1 showed the best correlation with maternal weight gain, gestation, birth weight, and maternal survival. CONCLUSIONS--Pregnancy was well tolerated by most mothers with cystic fibrosis although those with moderate to severe lung disease (%FEV1 &lt; 60%) before pregnancy fared worse, producing preterm infants and suffering increased loss of lung function and mortality compared with mildly affected mothers. Prepregnancy %FEV1 appears to be the most useful predictor of important outcome measures in pregnancies in women with cystic fibrosis.
Totally occluded in-stent restenotic lesions treated with intracoronary radiation: six-month clinical and anglographic follow-up
Authors: Andrew E. Aiani, Edouard Cheneau, Dong-Hun Cha, Rosanna Chan, Hongsheng Wu, Hamid Yazdi, Daniel Canos, Augusto D. Pichard, Lowell F. Satler, Kenneth M. Kent, Joseph Lindsay, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
The Benefit of Increasing Sulfonylurea Dose
Authors: Mark N. Feinglos
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 September 1993The Benefit of Increasing Sulfonylurea DoseMark N. Feinglos, MD and Connie R. Hollis, MDMark N. Feinglos, MDSearch for more papers by this author and Connie R. Hollis, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-6-199309150-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Caution should be exercised in interpreting the conclusions regarding the maximally effective dose of glipizide in the recent important paper by Stenman and colleagues [1]. First, the group of patients studied was markedly hyperglycemic. Furthermore, although they were somewhat improved, at the conclusion of the study they remained hyperglycemic. Can one make judgments regarding the efficacy of this drug in patients who have responded so poorly?In addition, these patients represent a homogeneous population, whereas patients with type 2 diabetes are heterogeneous. Several studies indicate the possible utility of higher doses of glipizide in selected patients [2, ...References1. Stenman S, Melander A, Groop PH, Groop LC. What is the benefit of increasing the sulfonylurea dose? Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118:169-72. Google Scholar2. Lahon HF, Mann RD. Glipizide: results of a multicentre clinical trial. J Int Med Res. 1973; 1:608-15. Google Scholar3. Jaber LA, Wenzloff NJ, Komanicky P, Antal EJ. An evaluation of the therapeutic effects and dosage equivalence of glyburide and glipizide. J Clin Pharmacol. 1990; 30:181-8. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Mark N. Feinglos, MD; Connie R. Hollis, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 September 1993Volume 119, Issue 6Page: 537-538KeywordsDrugsEffective doseInsulinType 2 diabetes ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 September 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The presence of somatic mutations in immunoglobulin genes of B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL-L3) supports assignment as Burkitt's leukemia–lymphoma rather than B-lineage ALL
Authors: M. Van Der Burg, B. H. Barendregt, E. R. Van Wering, A. W. Langerak, T. Szczepanski, J. J. M. Van Dongen
Journal: Leukemia (2001)
Can health education increase uptake of cervical smear testing among Asian women?
Authors: B R McAvoy, R Raza
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVES--To determine the effects of three different methods of providing health education on the uptake of cervical smear testing among Asian women, and to evaluate the acceptability of different health education materials. DESIGN--Prospective cohort study over one year of effects of written materials by post, personal visit to give written materials, and personal visit to show a video on the uptake of smear testing. Techniques included a personally administered questionnaire. SETTING--Leicester, a city with a large Asian population. SUBJECTS--737 randomly selected Asian women aged 18 to 52 who were not recorded on the central cytology laboratory9s computer as ever having had a cervical smear test. 159 declined to participate or were not contactable. INTERVENTIONS--Women were randomised into four groups: visited and shown a video (263), visited and shown a leaflet and fact sheet (219), posted a leaflet and fact sheet (131), not contacted at all (124). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Cervical smear test recorded on computer within four months after intervention. RESULTS--57 (37%, 26% of group) of the women visited and given leaflets and 80 (47%, 30% of group) shown the video attended for cervical smears. Only six (5%) of those who were not contacted and 14 (11%) of those sent leaflets had a smear test during the study. CONCLUSION--Health education interventions increased the uptake of cervical cytology among Asian women in Leicester who had never been tested. Personal visits were most effective irrespective of the health education materials used, but there was some evidence that home viewed videos may be particularly effective in one of the most hard to reach groups: Urdu speaking, Pakistani Moslems. Written translated materials sent by post were ineffective.
Inhibition of nuclear factor-κB activation improves the survival of rats with taurocholate pancreatitis
Authors: A Satoh, T Shimosegawa, M Fujita, K Kimura, A Masamune, M Koizumi, T Toyota
Journal: Gut (1999)

Background Death in the early stages of severe acute pancreatitis is frequently the result of multiple organ dysfunction, but its mechanism is not clear. Aims To investigate the state of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in macrophages of rats with lethal pancreatitis, and to assess the effectiveness of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, an inhibitor of NF-κB, on the pathology and mortality. Methods Taurocholate pancreatitis was produced in rats, and the severity of the disease, the mortality, and activation of NF-κB in peritoneal and alveolar macrophages were compared in rats receiving pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) treatment and those that were not. Results Taurocholate pancreatitis produced massive necrosis, haemorrhage, and severe leucocyte infiltration in the pancreas as well as alveolar septal thickening in the lung. NF-κB was activated in peritoneal and alveolar macrophages six hours after pancreatitis induction. Pretreatment with PDTC dose-dependently attenuated the NF-κB activation and improved the survival of the rats, although it did not affect the early increase in serum amylase and histological findings. Conclusions Early blockage of NF-κB activation may be effective in reducing fatal outcome in severe acute pancreatitis.
Fibrogenesis Imperfecta Ossium
Authors: Boy Frame, H. M. Frost, Charles Y. C. Pak, William Reynolds, R. J. Argen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

Fibrogenesis imperfecta ossium is a rare disorder that leads to generalized and progressive skeletal pain and tenderness. Radiographs show a coarsened and mottled trabecular pattern, with a spotty increase in bone density. In the third case diagnosed during life so far reported, the histologic picture and bone remodeling data obtained after a double bone-label with tetracycline demonstrated increased numbers of osteoid seams and an impaired mineralization of matrix compatible with a diagnosis of osteomalacia. There was a marked reduction in the birefringence normally seen in collagen fibers of bone under the polarizing microscope. A primary collagen defect leading to an abnormal polarization of individual collagen fibers may be the cause of the skeletal picture of osteomalacia in fibrogenesis imperfecta ossium.
EXCISION AND SKIN-GRAFTING FOR TUBERCULAR DISEASE OF THE SKIN.
Authors: M. B. HUTCHINS
Journal: JAMA (1896)

I have only a few words to say upon this subject. My experience is limited to two cases, and these are naturally insufficient for the formation of an opinion as to the merit of the method. Given a localized tubercular lesion of the skin, of not too great area, the pathologic condition would seem to justify the suggested treatment. Actual metastases, as in "cancer," are not to be expected, neither do we anticipate such an insidious creeping along the lymphatic channels. We do have a localized inflammatory condition, with tubercular structure and usually few bacilli. The ordinary treatment is slow and generally painful. In lupus vulgaris, especially, the scar often presents a recurrence of the disease. If we can, under thorough antisepsis and asepsis, totally remove the disease, without infection of the wound with the tubercle bacilli, and then by grafting minimize the resultant scar we have a method
Potassium-sparing Agents during Diuretic Therapy in Hypertension
Authors: T. J. McKenna, J. F. Donohoe, T. G. Brien, J. J. Healy, B. St. J. Canning, F. P. Muldowney
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Three pharmacological agents in use as “potassium-sparing” drugs have been tested by serial measurements of total exchangeable potassium (K<sub>E</sub>) during 4 to 12 weeks of oral diuretic therapy in hypertensive subjects. Triamterene seemed ineffective in the dosage used (50 mg twice daily). Spironolactone (25 mg twice daily) reduced K loss to a considerable extent, while Slow-K (32 mEq daily) completely reversed previous K<sub>E</sub> deficits. Plasma K levels were a poor indication of degree of K<sub>E</sub> restoration.
Letter: Poliomyelitis immunity gaps.
Authors: N R Grist, E J Bell, D Reid, T S Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1976)

dying of coeliac disease and Addison's disease showed lymphocytes, mononuclear cells, and giant cells in her fibrotic adrenal glands; it is likely that she had sarcoidosis initially because she had earlier shown generalised lymphadenopathy and erythema nodosum.5 Five patients with sarcoidosis had adrenal failure," and it is interesting that coeliac disease is also occasionally associated with active tubercu- losis.7Chronic changes only were seen in the lung biopsy in the case described by Dr J Cummiskey and his colleagues (5 June, p 1401), and the immune response had faded after four years.But the pulmonary inflammation was still active in other reported cases.Three patients whose lungs were biopsied showed non-caseating granulomas.One of them, biopsied percutaneously by Mr M Meredith- Brown, had a positive Mantoux test, a calcified ring-shadow in the same lung, and bilateral apical scars.She also showed the cell-mediated immunity which is found in sarcoidosis, Crohn's disease, and BCG non-reactors."The syndrome may have therefore been caused by sarcoidosis in these three cases, and in one other.9The sarcoid agent may be a cause of "extrinsic alveolitis," but earlier and wider investigation of such cases is needed to prove this point.
Heart Failure Therapy
Authors: James C. Fang
Journal: JAMA (2012)

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Abstract 760: Heme Oxygenase-1 expression in Dendritic Cells determines the Outcome of Transplantation Arteriosclerosis
Authors: Annemarie Noordeloos, Elza van Deel, Denise Hermes, Maarten L Simoons, Dirk J Duncker, Caroline Cheng, Henricus J Duckers
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Introduction: Although expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO1) attenuates transplantation arteriosclerosis, the mechanism by which HO1 exerts its protective effect remains unclear. We studied the effect of HO1-deficient vs. wildtype (WT) dendritic cells (DCs) on the T-cell priming response and outcome in a murine transplant arteriosclerosis model. Methods: At day 0 C57bl6 mice received either WT (n=6) or HO1-knockout DCs (n=6) pre-sensitized with Balb/c splenocytes lysate to accelerate the development of arteriosclerosis. At day 10 an aorta segment from Balb/c mice was transplanted into the carotid artery position of C57Bl6 mice.14 days after transplantation allografts were excised and processed for immunohistochemical analysis. Results: HO1-deficient DCs significantly increased neointimal hyperplasia as compared to WT DCs (116995 vs. 46114μm 2 P&lt;0.05) and incidence of intima formation (83 vs. 50% in WT DC). HO1 deficient DCs also increased medial thickeness (15936 vs.12034 μm 2 P&lt;0.05) and intimal VSMCs content (76 vs. 46% P&lt;0.05) and resulted in more prominent medial cell infiltration (461μm 2 vs. 232μm 2 P&lt;0.05). Although HO1 deficient and WT DCs could be detected in allografts, HO1-nullizygous DCs induced an increase in CD4+ T-cell infiltration (9.5 vs. 0.1% in WT P&lt;0.05) concomitant to a decrease of CD8+ T cell infiltration (8 vs.14%, P&lt;0.05). In line with these observations Affymetrix microarray analysis confirmed that HO1 deletion in DCs was associated with a significant downregulation of MHCII-H2A expression (associated with CD4+T-cell activation) and induction of inhibitors of MHCII expression (including IK protein) whereas MHC I expression remained unchanged. Conclusions: HO1 expression in dendritic cells increases vascular cell infiltration with a higher CD8+/CD4+ T-cell ratio by stabilizing MHCII expression in vascular allografts resulting in inhibition of neointima formation and hence improved allograft survival.
New Understanding and Treatment of Diabetic Neuropathy
Authors: Peter James Dyck
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

IN this issue of the Journal, two specific problems in diabetic neuropathy are addressed. Said and coworkers describe the pathologic changes in sural-nerve biopsy specimens in five atypical cases of diabetic polyneuropathy.1 They find evidence in these cases of a dying-back neuropathy affecting the longest axons. Max and coworkers2 assess the relative efficacy of desipramine, amitriptyline, and fluoxetine in controlling pain in diabetic neuropathy.These articles reflect the increasing attention being given to diabetic neuropathy. This increased interest focuses on estimating the frequency, severity, and natural history of diabetic neuropathies; on their causes; on treatments that prevent or ameliorate . . .
Patients should have access to all treatments
Authors: T. J Cleveland, P. A Gaines, G. S Venables
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The two BMJ articles1 2 are interesting given the current drive to improve stroke services in the UK,3 although the review offers little new information.2 4 The editorial fell into the trap of considering carotid endarterectomy and stenting as competitive procedures.1 While many patients are suitable for both procedures, a large proportion are at higher risk for …