tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hypoglycemia Associated with Antibodies to the Insulin Receptor
Authors: Simeon I. Taylor, George Grunberger, Bernice Marcus-Samuels, Lisa H. Underhill, Robert F. Dons, Janice Ryan, Roy F. Roddam, Clarence E. Rupe, Phillip Gorden
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Antibodies to the insulin receptor are insulinomimetic in vitro, although they generally induce insulin resistance in vivo. We report the novel case of a patient who presented with fasting hypoglycemia as the sole manifestation of autoantibodies to the insulin receptor. Prednisone therapy (120 mg per day) produced a rise in fasting glucose to more than 100 mg per deciliter (6 mmol per liter) within 48 hours, although there was no detectable change in the titer of antireceptor antibodies. After 10 weeks of therapy, the titer of antireceptor antibodies had fallen approximately 100-fold, and prednisone could be discontinued without recurrence of hypoglycemia. This case demonstrates that antireceptor antibodies must be considered in the differential diagnosis of hypoglycemia, especially in patients with other manifestations of autoimmunity. (N Engl J Med. 1982; 307:1422–6.)
Markers for disease genes open new era in diagnostic screening
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: JAMA (1985)

Nancy S. Wexler, PhD, is a clinical psychologist, a member of the department of neurology at Columbia University in New York City, president of the Hereditary Disease Foundation, and one of the principal investigators of the team that found the marker for Huntington's disease. Her curriculum vitae is impressive, but her future is uncertain. She stands a 50% chance of developing the disease she has studied. Like others at risk for Huntington's disease or adult polycystic kidney disease—another late-onset genetic disorder—she has been consigned to decades of uncertainty. There are no enzyme assays or easily identified chromosomal abnormalities that foretell these diseases. Those with a family history must go through their 20s, 30s, and possibly 40s looking for the symptoms of the disorder—and hoping that they won't find them. But this won't be the case much longer, if reports given at the 38th Annual Meeting of the American Society for
Abstract 4900: Development of a method for metabolomics and histology of tissue biopsies
Authors: Meredith V. Brown, Klaus-Peter Adam, Jeffrey R. Shuster, Dean A. Troyer, Kay A. Lawton
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Metabolomics, the global study of small molecules in a biological sample, is performed with the goal of extracting, identifying, and quantifying metabolites. As such, the technology is ideal for identifying biomarkers for diagnostics and drug therapy. One of the limitations with the current practice for metabolite extraction is that sample destruction precludes additional uses of the sample. This is particularly troublesome for high value samples with limited availability, such as clinical tumor biopsies. Clinical biopsies are taken in order to histologically diagnose and gauge cancer aggressiveness. Thus, physically disrupting these valuable samples is not ideal, even though quantitative metabolomic data could enhance histopathologic evaluation. In order to improve the amount of information obtained from patient biopsies, we have developed a method (termed PReservation by Extraction and Fixation, PREF) by which metabolite extraction simultaneously preserves the tissue for histological analysis. Briefly, upon sample collection, the biopsy is placed directly in methanol. Methanol incubation serves to recover metabolites, precipitate proteins, and fix the tissue. Following overnight incubation, the solvent is removed, evaporated to dryness, and reconstituted in a proprietary mixture of recovery standards. The needle biopsies are placed in biopsy bags and cassettes and transferred to Molecular Fixative until processed for histology. Solvent sample aliquots are taken for analysis on GC/MS and LC/MS platforms. Raw mass spectrometry data files are automatically extracted using a proprietary informatics system that includes peak identification and compound identification software. Compared to the current state of the art method for metabolite extraction, PREF recovers equivalent numbers and types of biochemicals from the tissue specimen. Furthermore, PREF preserves the tissue biopsy sample such that cellular architecture is retained, allowing for pathological analysis by chemical staining (hematoxylin &amp; eosin) and antibody binding (immunohistochemistry). We have developed a non-destructive method for efficient metabolite extraction from tumor biopsies combined with preservation of the tissue for histological analysis. It is our hope that this novel method will augment the current histopathologic diagnosis and classification of tumors through quantitative measures of biochemicals in the same tissue. Given that certain biochemicals have been shown to correlate with disease aggressiveness, it is likely that this method will be valuable in helping to differentiate cancer aggressiveness. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4900. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4900
Steroid Hormone Action: Recent Advances
Authors: LAWRENCE CHAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

On entering the cell, steroid hormones are bound to specific cytoplasmic receptors. The hormone-receptor complexes are then translocated to the nucleus, in an "activated" form, whereupon they are bound to the target cell genome. The target cell responds by increased RNA synthesis with the transcription of specific mRNAs. The mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm where protein synthesis takes place. Recent advances in steroid hormone action involve the purification of specific steroid hormone receptors and the preparation of specific antisera, the elucidation of the subunit structure of the progesterone receptor, the purification of a hormone-inducible mRNA and the synthesis of its DNA complement, the purification and amplification of the synthetic and natural gene for this RNA and the identification of intragenic spacers, and most recently the identification of specific precursors to the hormone-induced mRNA. We discuss here the medical significance of some of these advances.
THE BACTERIOLOGY OF MEASLES
Authors: LUDVIG HEKTOEN
Journal: JAMA (1918)

Many attempts have been made to find the cause of measles and to study the bacteria that produce its complications. It may be of interest to review this work now, and for the sake of clearness of presentation the chief results may be discussed briefly under the headings of protozoa, miscellaneous, bacilli and cocci. <h3>PROTOZOA</h3> Bodies having some resemblance in form to protozoa have been observed in measles. Behla<sup>1</sup>believed that he could see such bodies in the blood; Doehle<sup>2</sup>described peculiar bodies in the leukocytes; and in blister-fluid Rosenberger<sup>3</sup>discovered minute refractile bodies with a rapid darting motion. Little if any significance can be assigned to the observations by Behla and Rosenberger, because they have not been confirmed and extended. Doehle's bodies do not appear to be at all peculiar to measles, being present in a wide variety of conditions (Glomset<sup>4</sup>and others). <h3>MISCELLANEOUS</h3> Under
Drug points: Fatal lactic acidosis associated with tenofovir
Authors: P. Rivas
Journal: BMJ (2003)

While there has been much interest in the apparent benefits of empathy in improving outcomes of medical care, there is continuing concern over the philosophical nature of empathy. We suggest that part of the difficulty in coming to terms with empathy is due to the modernist dichotomies that have structured Western medical discourse, such that doctor and patient, knower and known, cognitive and emotional, subject and object are situated in oppositional terms, with the result that such accounts cannot coherently encompass an emotional doctor, or a patient as knower, or empathy as other than a possession or a trait. This paper explores what, by contrast, a radical critique of the Cartesian world view, in the form of a Deleuzean theoretical framework, would open up in new perspectives on empathy. We extend the framework of emotional geography to ask <i>what happens</i> when people are <i>affected</i> by empathy. We suggest that doctors and patients might be more productively understood as embodied subjects that are <i>configured in their capacities</i> by how they are affected by singular ‘events’ of empathy. We sketch out how the Deleuzean framework would make sense of these contentions and identify some possible implications for medical education and practice.
Enhancement of new vessel formation by Angiopoietin-2/Tie2 signaling in endothelial progenitor cells: A new hope for future therapy?
Authors: K SHYU
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

The Tie2/angiopoietin pathway is crucial for angiogenesis, blood vessel maturation, and vascular endothelial integrity.The ligands for Tie2 are the angiopoietins, of which angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) and Ang2 have been the most studied.Suppression of plasma leakage, inhibition of vascular inflammation, and prevention of endothelial death are the three widely accepted vascular protective functions for Ang1 [1], the first ligand identified for the Tie2 receptor.However, the role of Ang2, a relative of Ang1 identified by homology screening, remains less clear, because Ang2 exhibits context-dependent behavior.Ang2 can inhibit or stimulate Tie2 receptor phosphorylation under different experimental conditions [2].Ang2 in vivo acts as a Tie2 antagonist on vascular endothelial cells (ECs), whereas it acts as a Tie2 agonist on lymphatic vessels [3].Recently, increased Ang2 expression was demonstrated in myocardial ischemia and infarction [4,5], indicating the role of Ang2 in the angiogenic response to tissue ischemia.In this issue of Cardiovascular Research, Kim et al.[6] report a proangiogenic activity of Ang2 in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) directly through the Tie2 signaling pathway.Ang2 increased tube formation, migration, and cell survival of EPCs derived from human umbilical cord blood CD34 + cells.Ang2 also increased EPC-mediated new vessel formation in vivo.This could not be demonstrated for mature endothelial cells (HUVECs) where Tie2 receptors were found
A SIMPLIFIED APPARATUS FOR THE APPLICATION OF SUCTION AND PRESSURE TO THE LOWER EXTREMITIES IN PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE
Authors: James J. Short
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Vascular disease of the lower extremities, sufficient to cause symptoms of impaired circulation, is in the majority of cases of the arteriosclerotic type; such cases outnumber many times those presenting vascular spasm. Whereas symptoms due to vascular spasm can often be promptly alleviated by measures undertaken to relax the spasm, those having organic occlusion respond little to such measures, and results are usually discouraging.  One selected small group of arteriosclerotic cases presenting such changes as intermittent claudication, trophic lesions and other physical signs of organic occlusion were systematically treated over varying intervals of from three to six months by such measures as hyperthermia induced by the intravenous injection of typhoid vaccine, by Buerger's exercises, alternate hot and cold applications, the systematic use of a tourniquet to induce passive hyperemia, the hypodermic injection of acetylcholine, the intravenous injection of calcium gluconate and the oral administration of iodides, sodium salicylate,
Influence of guidelines and results from major clinical trials on medical practice: Findings from the global registry of acute coronary events (GRACE)
Authors: Keith A. Fox, Shaun G. Goodman, Fred A. Anderson, Christopher B. Granger, Mauro Moscucci, Marcus D. Flather, Frederick A. Spencer, Andrzej Budaj, Omar H. Dabbous, Joel M. Gore
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Ulcerative Colitis in a Patient with Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
Authors: C. Folwaczny, C. Ruelfs, J. Walther, A. König, B. Emmerich
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

A 30-year-old man with underlying Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, which is a rare X-linked congenital immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by recurrent infections, thrombopenia, eczema and hematopoietic malignancies, presented with bloody diarrhea. Endoscopic and histological evaluation was compatible with ulcerative colitis. Congenital immune defects are paralleled by enterocolitis mimicking inflammatory bowel disease in a substantial number of patients. Despite therapy with prednisolone and 5-ASA compounds, the patient described here experienced a relapse of the colitis twice. Subsequently a JC virus infection of the central nervous system was diagnosed, and he died due to progressive multifocal leukencephalopathy.
The Vascularization of the Heart Valves: A Comparative Study
Authors: C. M. G. Duran, A. J. Gunning
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1968)

The heart valves of humans, foetuses, dogs, pigs, calves, and cows were injected with special Indian ink using a technique which ensured adequate filling of the vessels. The results showed that foetuses and young animals possess a far richer vascular network than the adult animal, in whom no or few vessels were present.
Partial external biliary diversion for intractable pruritus and xanthomas in Alagille syndrome
Authors: Karan M. Emerick, Peter F. Whitington
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Alagille syndrome (AGS) causes intractable pruritus and disfiguring xanthomas because of retained bile acids and cholesterol. This study was performed to determine whether partial external biliary diversion (PEBD) is effective for relief of pruritus and xanthomas in AGS patients who fail conventional medical therapy. Between the years 1985 and 2001, 9 AGS patients underwent PEBD. Complete follow-up data were available for all patients. The average age at PEBD was 4.8 (range 1.4-10) years. The average duration of follow-up was 7.5 (range 0.5-16.0) years. All 9 patients had severe, mutilating pruritus (grade 4) prior to diversion. At 1 year post-PEBD, the average pruritus score was 1.1; 8 patients had only mild scratching when undistracted. Three patients with extensive xanthomas prior to PEBD had complete resolution within 1 year. Mean serum bile salt levels (n = 5) decreased from 136.5 to 37.1 micromol/L and mean cholesterol (n = 7) from 724 to 367 mg/dL 1 year after PEBD. A single 21-year-old patient with PEBD for 14 years experienced an increase in pruritus from grade 1 to grade 4 within 2 months of elective reversal of PEBD. In conclusion, PEBD is effective for treating severe pruritus and hypercholesterolemia in AGS patients without cirrhosis who did not respond to medical therapy. PEBD should be considered as a therapeutic option for these patients before referral for liver transplantation because of morbid complications.
Socioeconomic differences in Swedish children and adolescents injured in road traffic incidents: cross sectional study
Authors: L. Laflamme
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Traffic related injuries are among the most common causes of death in childhood and in youth.1 Young people belonging to a low social class and living in deprived socioeconomic areas are consistently at greater risk than others. 2 3 The extent to which socioeconomic differences in risks from traffic injury vary during childhood and adolescence deserves consideration. 4 5 We examined socioeconomic patterning in Swedish children and adolescents injured in road traffic incidents, considering four categories of road users.

We created a dataset of about 2.2 million children and adolescents (aged 0-19 years) living in Sweden at some time during 1990-4 by linking records from 13 Swedish national registers. We established their sex and year of birth by linking the Swedish population register to the national censuses of 1985 or 1990 or to the medical register …
Regulation of a remote Shh forebrain enhancer by the Six3 homeoprotein
Authors: Yongsu Jeong, Federico Coluccio Leskow, Kenia El-Jaick, Erich Roessler, Maximilian Muenke, Anastasia Yocum, Christele Dubourg, Xue Li, Xin Geng, Guillermo Oliver, Douglas J Epstein
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
Part-of-the-Day Hypertriiodothyroninemia Caused by Desiccated Thyroid
Authors: Arye Lev-Ran
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Thyroxine (T4) can provide all the body needs in thyroid hormones. Nevertheless, desiccated thyroid is still widely used, although it causes hypertriiodothyroninemia lasting several hours in healthy subjects<sup>1</sup>and in many, although not all, patients with hypothyroidism.<sup>2,3</sup>The relation of elevated triiodothyronine (T<sub>3</sub>) levels to the time of the administration of the drug to the patients was not reported. Recently, we encountered several patients treated with desiccated thyroid who complained of nervousness, palpitations, and tremor appearing only in the morning, with tachycardia present or absent depending on the time of their visits. Although the fasting levels of both T<sub>4</sub>and T<sub>3</sub>were normal, we found elevated T<sub>3</sub>levels three hours after the patients took their thyroid medication. Thereafter, we evaluated predose and postdose serum T<sub>3</sub>levels in 21 consecutive patients taking desiccated thyroid. <h3>Patients.—</h3> The patients (20 women and one
Measurement of the mean transit time of dietary residue through the human gut.
Authors: J H Cummings, D J Jenkins, H S Wiggins
Journal: Gut (1976)

A new method is described for measuring the mean transit time (MTT) of digesta through the human gut in which a constant amount of marker (radio-opaque pellets) is fed to subjects with each meal over a period of weeks, and its excretion measured in the stools. The MTT measured by this method (MTT-C) has been compared with MTT measured by giving single doses of similar markers to the same subjects (MTT-S) and with the 80% transit time (80% TT). Mean values on three dietary regimes for the MTT-C (54.2 h +/- 2.5) and MTT-S (54.2 +/- 2.6) were lower than that for 80% TT (63.1 +/- 3.0). The average MTT-C in a group of six healthy young men on an ad libitum diet was 2-3 days (range 0-7-4-0). When additional dietary fibre was added to a standard diet the average MTT-C fell (in all of five subjects) from 2-4 to 1-6 days. A continuous record of MTT-C is obtained by this new method which shows wide variations from week to week even on controlled dietary intakes. Using the single dose technique, evidence is produced which suggests that the MTT-S is a more accurate and reproducible method than the 80% TT.
Estrogen Therapy After Rape?
Authors: BERNADINE Z. PAULSHOCK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Letters and Comments1 June 1970Estrogen Therapy After Rape?BERNADINE Z. PAULSHOCK, M.D., MARVIN V. ANDERSEN, M.D.BERNADINE Z. PAULSHOCK, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MARVIN V. ANDERSEN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-6-961_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: C. R. Hayman in his editorial discussion of sexual assaults on women and girls (Ann Intern Med 72:277-278, 1970) states that the risk of pregnancy and gonorrhea is small, as low as 1:50 to 1:200. Although from his sentence we could not be sure whether he considers the odds of impregnation after rape the same as those of acquiring venereal disease, they do not seem small to us, and it is curious to us that he recommends prophylactic antibiotic therapy against the venereal disease but does not recommend an anti-implantation prescription.Estrogen in high dosage for at... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: 1306 Marsh Road Wilmington, Del. 19803 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPost-coital Contraception 1 June 1970Volume 72, Issue 6Page: 961-961KeywordsAntibioticsAssaultEstrogensGonorrheaPregnancySexually transmitted diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Work and Heart Disease in Wisconsin
Authors: George A. Hellmuth
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The settling of heart disease claims under state workmen's compensation laws is a nationwide problem. In an attempt to alleviate the problem in Wisconsin and perhaps provide helpful guidelines for other states, criteria for physicians, attorneys and commissioners are presented in the form of a proposal for incorporation in the Rules of Practice section of the Workmen's Compensation Act. The rules present the following items: suggestions for an accurate and complete cardiac diagnosis; the role of the independent expert medical witness; a basis for determining medical causality; a guide for evaluating heart disease impairment; the importance of postmortem examinations; nontechnical explanatory definitions of cardiac diseases, and ideology useful in improving interprofessional communications. Because change in the legislation is difficult, adoption of the Rules of Practice can be a constructive initial endeavor, workable in most jurisdictions within the adversary system of the law and the statutes of workmen's compensation.
Government to put extra £100m into clinical research by 2008
Authors: Haroon Khwaja
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The health secretary, John Reid, said this week that new funds released in last week's budget would be spent on developing new drugs for Alzheimer's disease, stroke, diabetes, and mental health and new medicines for children.

“The outstanding success of the national cancer research networks, which have doubled the number of patients in clinical trials, will provide the model to tackle these diseases,” said Mr Reid in a statement.

Chancellor Gordon Brown said in his budget speech that clinical research funding in the NHS would be increased by £25m ($46.2m; €37.4m) over and above inflation each year, totalling an extra £100m by 2008.

“I can confirm …