tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Particulate Matter Exposure Impairs Systemic Microvascular Endothelium-Dependent Dilation
Authors: Timothy R. Nurkiewicz, Dale W. Porter, Mark Barger, Vincent Castranova, Matthew A. Boegehold
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2004)

Acute exposure to airborne pollutants, such as solid particulate matter (PM), increases the risk of cardiovascular dysfunction, but the mechanisms by which PM evokes systemic effects remain to be identified. The purpose of this study was to determine if pulmonary exposure to a PM surrogate, such as residual oil fly ash (ROFA), affects endothelium-dependent dilation in the systemic microcirculation. Rats were intratracheally instilled with ROFA at 0.1, 0.25, 1 or 2 mg/rat 24 hr before experimental measurements. Rats intratracheally instilled with saline or titanium dioxide (0.25 mg/rat) served as vehicle or particle control groups, respectively. In vivo microscopy of the spinotrapezius muscle was used to study systemic arteriolar dilator responses to the Ca2+ ionophore A23187, administered by ejection via pressurized micropipette into the arteriolar lumen. We used analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples to monitor identified pulmonary inflammation and damage. To determine if ROFA exposure affected arteriolar nitric oxide sensitivity, sodium nitroprusside was iontophoretically applied to arterioles of rats exposed to ROFA. In saline-treated rats, A23187 dilated arterioles up to 72 ± 7% of maximum. In ROFA- and TiO2-exposed rats, A23187-induced dilation was significantly attenuated. BAL fluid analysis revealed measurable pulmonary inflammation and damage after exposure to 1 and 2 mg ROFA (but not TiO2 or < 1 mg ROFA), as evidenced by significantly higher polymorphonuclear leukocyte cell counts, enhanced BAL albumin levels, and increased lactate dehydrogenase activity in BAL fluid. The sensitivity of arteriolar smooth muscle to NO was similar in saline-treated and ROFA-exposed rats, suggesting that pulmonary exposure to ROFA affected endothelial rather than smooth muscle function. A significant increase in venular leukocyte adhesion and rolling was observed in ROFA-exposed rats, suggesting local inflammation at the systemic microvascular level. These results indicate that pulmonary PM exposure impairs systemic endothelium-dependent arteriolar dilation. Moreover, because rats exposed to < 1 mg ROFA or TiO2 did not exhibit BAL signs of pulmonary damage or inflammation, it appears that PM exposure can impair systemic microvascular function independently of detectable pulmonary inflammation.
REMEDIATION: Can Transgenic Plants Root Out Pollutants?
Authors: Carol Potera
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Study to examine health effects in Deepwater horizon oil Spill cleanup Workers Ant poison containing banned mirex was being sold online.Epifluorescence images of different portions of transgenic Arabidopsis roots shown before and after addition of the TNT ligand.Far right panels show DAPI nuclear staining.Arrowheads indicate nuclei.Scale bar = 25 µm.
Influential Groups Propose Less Frequent Cervical Cancer Screening for Most Women
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Partners in Dying
Authors: HYMAN L. MUSLIN, SUSAN P. LEVINE, HAROLD LEVINE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

The authors describe the clinical course toward death of two patients who, with their physician, became "partners in dying." The emphasis is on the equilibrium that these patients established through an appreciation of their special needs, including the object relationships required. The authors maintain that the management of each dying patient requires a careful assessment of the specific object relationships that will promote equilibrium.
Improved Outcomes in the Malnourished Patient: We're Not There Yet
Authors: A. O'Mara, D. St. Germain
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2012)

Malnutrition in the setting of cancer treatment is often foreboding and for good reasons, as it is an independent predictor of poor outcomes (ie, decreased survival, poor response to cancer therapies, increased symptomatology, and impaired functional abilities).Nor is the scope of the problem insignificant, as it has been estimated that when malnutrition progresses to cachexia, it accounts for approximately 30% of cancer-related deaths overall (1,2).Treating malnutrition and ideally preventing its unrelenting transition to cancer cachexia is a goal that clinicians have been seeking for decades.Despite the array of oral therapies available, not all patients will benefit, either in improved survival or improved quality of life (QOL).Several systematic reviews during the past decades have shown that a number of considerations must be taken into account when treating patients at risk for or suffering from cancer-related malnutrition (3-5).These include type and stage of disease, treatment modalities, patient comorbidities, functional performance, and psychosocial status.Research aimed at preventing and treating weight loss, and malnutrition must incorporate these factors, beginning with restrictive eligibility criteria and meaningful patient reported outcomes.With this approach, other endpoints that heretofore have eluded the research community, such as improved survival and weight gain or maintenance, might be achieved.Unfortunately, in this issue of the Journal, results from the meta-analysis of Baldwin et al. ( 6) suggest these changes and achievements have yet to occur.The authors are to be commended for their thorough and rigorous review and meta-analysis of oral nutritional interventions in malnourished cancer patients or those at risk for malnourishment.Thirteen randomized controlled studies were included in the analysis representing 1414 participants.Study participants were adults with cancer (all sites and stages) receiving active treatment, including palliative treatment, and an oral nutritional intervention consisting of dietary advice, oral nutritional supplements, or both.All studies compared one of these nutritional interventions with usual care.The outcomes included in the analyses were mortality, QOL, weight loss, and energy intake.QOL was measured using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) questionnaire, which consists of 30 items assessing five functions, eight symptoms, global QOL, and perceived financial impact.The number of studies used to analyze each outcome varied depending on clinical and statistical heterogeneity.Analyses of mortality (15 studies), QOL (five studies), weight (eight studies), and energy intake (10 studies) were done.Overall, the analyses revealed no effect on mortality, no statistically significant difference in body weight or energy intake, and improvement in global QOL,
Principles and Practice of Geriatric Psychiatry
Authors: James A. Greene
Journal: JAMA (1995)

At long last, here is a penetrating text in the field of geriatric psychiatry! When assembling a fellowship program in my early geropsych days, 1980 or so, only a couple of books were available, namely, Busse and Pfeiffer's<i>Behavior and Adaptation in Late Life</i>(1969) and Verwoerdt's<i>Clinical Geropsychiatry</i>(1976). These books contained roughly 200 to 250 pages each. More recently, the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry sponsored the publication of<i>Comprehensive Review of Geriatric Psychiatry</i>(1991), edited by Sadavoy, Lazarus, and Jarvik (770 pages). <i>Principles and Practice of Geriatric Psychiatry</i>contains more than 1000 pages and includes 148 chapters by 206 contributors, who are, in general, recognized world authorities. Roughly half are from North America, with the balance from Western Europe and Asia. This book is welcome and will probably be considered the gold standard in geriatric psychiatry. A textbook like this represents a massive undertaking. The editors and
Varicose Vein as a Cause of Increased FDG Uptake
Authors: Gang Cheng, Wichina Chamroonrat, Hongming Zhuang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

A 69-year-old man with a history of lymphoma underwent positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan to evaluate possible recurrent disease. The PET/CT images did not reveal any lesions characteristic of malignancy. However, PET showed tortuous F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in both lower extremities, which correlated well to varicose veins on the corresponding CT images.
THE GENETICS OF EPILEPSY
Authors: WILLIAM G. LENNOX
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1947)

Study of the incidence of epilepsy among 12,119 of the near relatives of 2130 epileptics and among 55 twin pairs affected by seizures, together with analysis of the brain wave records of 470 relatives and of the 55 twins, leads to the conclusion that epilepsy per se is not inherited but a tendency or predisposition usually is inherited. The terms, genetic and acquired epilepsy, should replace the meaningless conventional terms essential and symptomatic. Probably in most patients both genetic and acquired factors are present. The incidence of epilepsy is higher among the near relatives of epileptics if pathology of the brain did not antedate the onset of seizures, if the patient's epilepsy began early in life, if he was mentally abnormal at birth, if he has petit mal and if the patient is female. The electroencephalogram is an hereditary trait and brain wave tracings, properly made and interpreted, may be of positive value in visualizing a transmitted quality which (with the possible help of acquired pathology or pathophysiology) may eventuate in epilepsy. The practical value of this evidence is limited, because cortical electrical activity is a fluid trait, dysrhythmia cannot always be demonstrated in patients, and tracings of relatives may display only minor deviations from normal. Therefore, negative electroencephalographic evidence may not be significant.
A simple method of vascular access to perform emergency coronary angiography in patients with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Dierk H. Endemann, Alois Philipp, Christian Hengstenberg, Andreas Luchner, Thomas Pühler, Michael Hilker, Christof Schmid, Günter A. J. Riegger, Thomas Müller, Markus Resch
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2011)
Abstract A69: aB-crystallin: A novel regulator of breast cancer metastasis to the brain
Authors: Dmitry Malin, Elena Strekalova, Andrey Ugolkov, Vladimir Petrovic, Vincent Cryns
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Brain metastases are a devastating complication of advanced breast cancer that result in disabling neurologic deficits and death within one year in the vast majority of patients. Triple-negative breast tumors, which lack expression of the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER2, commonly metastasize to the brain. However, the genes regulating brain metastasis are poorly understood. The molecular chaperone aB-crystallin is frequently expressed in triple-negative breast cancer and has been reported to play important roles in cytoskeletal organization, cell migration and invasion. As such, we hypothesized that aB-crystallin promotes metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer. To test this hypothesis, we stably overexpressed aB-crystallin in triple-negative breast cancer cells with low endogenous expression of the protein and stably silenced aB-crystallin in triple-negative breast cancer cells with high endogenous levels. We examined the effects of altering aB-crystallin levels on adhesion to human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) and penetration of an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In addition, orthotopic models of triple-negative breast cancer in which fluorescently labeled breast cancer cells metastasize from the mammary gland to the brain were utilized to evaluate the effects of aB-crystallin on primary and metastatic tumor burden in vivo. We observed that silencing aB-crystallin inhibited adhesion to HBMECs and penetration of an in vitro BBB model, while overexpression of aB-crystallin enhanced adhesion to HBMECs and penetration of the BBB in vitro. Consistent with these results, overexpression of aB-crystallin in triple-negative breast cancer cells increased brain metastasis in female NSG mice with transplanted mammary tumors, while silencing aB-crystallin inhibited brain metastasis. We also demonstrated that aB-crystallin enhanced adhesion to HBMECs by a b1 integrin-dependent mechanism. Taken together, our results point to a novel role of aB-crystallin in breast cancer brain metastasis and suggest that aB-crystallin may be a promising drug target for this rapidly fatal disease. Citation Format: Dmitry Malin, Elena Strekalova, Andrey Ugolkov, Vladimir Petrovic, Vincent Cryns. aB-crystallin: A novel regulator of breast cancer metastasis to the brain. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A69.
Isotretinoin as contraindication
Authors: M. Malik, R. C. Simpson, S. Varma
Journal: BMJ (2011)

We wish to raise awareness of a potential hazard of laser refractive surgery and concurrent treatment with isotretinoin, an anti-acne drug.1 Acne affects 85-90% of the population at some time, and the age of patients affected by acne overlaps that of patients undergoing laser-assisted in …
The Ability of Primate Lentiviruses to Degrade the Monocyte Restriction Factor SAMHD1 Preceded the Birth of the Viral Accessory Protein Vpx
Authors: Efrem S. Lim, Oliver I. Fregoso, Connor O. McCoy, Frederick A. Matsen, Harmit S. Malik, Michael Emerman
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2012)

The human SAMHD1 protein potently restricts lentiviral infection in dendritic cells and monocyte/macrophages but is antagonized by the primate lentiviral protein Vpx, which targets SAMHD1 for degradation. However, only two of eight primate lentivirus lineages encode Vpx, whereas its paralog, Vpr, is conserved across all extant primate lentiviruses. We find that not only multiple Vpx but also some Vpr proteins are able to degrade SAMHD1, and such antagonism led to dramatic positive selection of SAMHD1 in the primate subfamily Cercopithecinae. Residues that have evolved under positive selection precisely determine sensitivity to Vpx/Vpr degradation and alter binding specificity. By overlaying these functional analyses on a phylogenetic framework of Vpr and Vpx evolution, we can decipher the chronology of acquisition of SAMHD1-degrading abilities in lentiviruses. We conclude that vpr neofunctionalized to degrade SAMHD1 even prior to the birth of a separate vpx gene, thereby initiating an evolutionary arms race with SAMHD1.
Public health impact of antiviral therapy for hepatitis C in the United States
Authors: Michael L. Volk, Rachel Tocco, Sameer Saini, Anna S.F. Lok
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Despite dramatic improvements in antiviral therapy for hepatitis C, there is reason to believe that the uptake of antiviral therapy remains limited. The aims of this study were to determine the number of patients being treated with antiviral therapy in the U.S., to estimate the public health impact of these treatment patterns, and to identify barriers to treatment for patients with hepatitis C. Data on the number of new patient pegylated interferon prescriptions each year, from 2002-2007, was obtained from Wolters Kluwer Inc., which maintains an electronic audit of pharmacies nationwide. A Markov model was created of the population with chronic hepatitis C in the U.S. from 2002 to 2030, and was used to estimate the number of liver-related deaths caused by hepatitis C that will be prevented by current treatment patterns. The National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Survey (NHANES) Hepatitis C Follow-Up Questionnaire was used to investigate reasons for lack of treatment and to identify strategies for improving access. Approximately 663,000 patients received antiviral therapy between 2002 and 2007, and treatment rates appear to be declining. If this trend continues, only 14.5% of liver-related deaths caused by hepatitis C from 2002-2030 will be prevented by antiviral therapy. Results from the NHANES questionnaire suggest that the primary barrier to treatment is lack of diagnosis, with 69/133 (adjusted proportion 49%) of respondents previously unaware that they had hepatitis C.Efforts to improve rates of diagnosis and treatment will be required if the future public health burden of hepatitis C is to be ameliorated.
NUTRITION IN RICKETS
Authors: C. S. Scofield
Journal: JAMA (1922)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Dr. A. F. Hess, in his Cutter Lecture at Harvard a few weeks ago, remarked that "advance in our knowledge of rachitis promises to be greater during this decade than through the preceding 250 years." He asserts that the dietary deficiencies play a very significant part in the etiology of rachitis. A number of years ago, when I was connected with the West End Children's Hospital and Dispensary, Boston, we were having a large number of rachitic children in our daily clinics, a majority of them from among the colored population. The superintendent, Dr. H. C. Haven, informed me that he had made quite an exhaustive study of rachitis with especial reference to the causes of the disease, and he came to the conclusion at that time that environment, lack of sunlight and fresh air were the probable causes. He stated that among the colored in Africa,
Insurance Status and Access to Urgent Ambulatory Care Follow-up Appointments
Authors: Brent R. Asplin
Journal: JAMA (2005)

There is growing pressure to avoid hospitalizing emergency department patients who can be treated safely as outpatients, but this strategy depends on timely access to follow-up care.To determine the association between reported insurance status and access to follow-up appointments for serious conditions that are commonly identified during an emergency department visit.Eight research assistants called 499 randomly selected ambulatory clinics in 9 US cities (May 2002-February 2003) and identified themselves as new patients who had been seen in an emergency department and needed an urgent follow-up appointment (within 1 week) for 1 of 3 clinical vignettes (pneumonia, hypertension, or possible ectopic pregnancy). The same person called each clinic twice using the same clinical vignette but different insurance status.Proportion of callers who were offered an appointment within a week.Of 499 clinics contacted in the final sample, 430 completed the study protocol. Four hundred six (47.2%) of 860 total callers and 277 (64.4%) of 430 privately insured callers were offered appointments within a week. Callers who claimed to have private insurance were more likely to receive appointments than those who claimed to have Medicaid coverage (63.6% [147/231] vs 34.2% [79/231]; difference, 29.4 percentage points; 95% confidence interval, 21.2-37.6; P<.001). Callers reporting private insurance coverage had higher appointment rates than callers who reported that they were uninsured but offered to pay 20 dollars and arrange payment of the balance (65.3% [130/199] vs 25.1% [50/199]; difference, 40.2; 95% confidence interval, 31.4-49.1; P<.001). There were no differences in appointment rates between callers who claimed to have private insurance coverage and those who reportedly were uninsured but willing to pay cash for the entire visit fee (66.3% [132/199] vs 62.8% [125/199]; difference, 3.5; 95% confidence interval -3.7 to 10.8; P = .31). The median charge was 100 dollars (range, 25 dollars-600 dollars). Seventy-two percent of clinics did not attempt to determine the severity of the caller's condition.Reported insurance status is associated with access to timely follow-up ambulatory care for potentially serious conditions. Having private insurance and being willing to pay cash may not eliminate the difficulty in obtaining urgent follow-up appointments.
Management of Complex Cardiovascular Problems: The Evidence-Based Medicine Approach
Authors: Hector O. Ventura, Shamsa Ali
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lumpectomy as good as mastectomy for tumours up to 5 cm
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2000)

In women with breast cancers up to 5 cm across the rates of long term survival and metastasis-free survival are similar for mastectomy and breast conserving treatment, according to a new study.

Previous studies have shown both approaches to be similar for women with tumours equal to or less than 2 cm across, for which breast conserving treatment is widely used. But this is the first study to show equally good long term results even when the width of a tumour is as …
Migration of porcine endothelial and smooth muscle cells in response to platelet-associated factors
Authors: Adrian P. Gee, J. O. Minta
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1984)

Abstract A NeuroProbe multiwell microchemotaxis assembly has been used to study the migration of porcine aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells in vitro in response to serum factors. Whole pig serum was found to be chemokinetic for endothelial cells but not smooth muscle cells. Chemokinetic activity was higher in platelet‐enriched, plasma‐derived serum (PDS) than in platelet‐free PDS. The supernatant from washed, lysed pig platelets also showed chemokinetic activity both for endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Chromatography on Sephadex G‐200 showed that the lysate contained a number of activities that act independently on the two cell types. The chemokinetic activity that we have detected appears to be distinct from the chemotactic effect of platelet‐derived growth factor and platelet factor 4 on the basis of insensitivity to protamine sulfate and molecular size. The role of these platelet factors in pathological changes in vascular structure is currently under study.