tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on neutrophil kinetics and function in normal human volunteers
Authors: David C. Dale, W. Conrad Liles, Claire Llewellyn, Thomas H. Price
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (250 μg/m2) was administered subcutaneously to 7 normal volunteers for up to 14 days to study its effects on neutrophil kinetics and function. With treatment, blood neutrophil counts rose gradually to peak at 3½ times baseline by day 14. At day 5 marrow mitotic cells were increased and post-mitotic cells decreased, and the transit time through the post-mitotic marrow pool accelerated (normal = 6.4 days, GM-CSF = 3.9 days; P < 0.01). Treatment had little effect on the blood neutrophil half-life (normal = 9.6 ± 1.3 hours; GM-CSF = 13.1 ± 2.4 hours, P > 0.05); or the neutrophil turnover rate (normal = 78.5 ± 11.9 × 107/cells/kg/day, GM-CSF = 91.4 ± 19.8 × 107/cells/kg/day, P > 0.05). GM-CSF reduced the number of neutrophils migrating to skin chambers (normal = 104 ± 25.0 × 106/cells, GM-CSF = 48.6 ± 16.0 × 106/cells; P < 0.05). Treatment increased expression of CD11b/CD18 but not Fcγ receptors (CD16, CD32, CD64). Treatment also stimulated the in vitro neutrophil respiratory burst in response to a variety of agonists, and this enhancement persisted for the duration of treatment. All subjects experienced local and systemic adverse effects and developed eosinophilia. This study indicates that GM-CSF at a dose of 250 μg/m2 causes neutrophilia chiefly by accelerating delivery of neutrophils from the marrow to the blood and by decreasing migration from the blood to the tissues, with only a modest effect on neutrophil production and blood half-life. Am. J. Hematol. 57:7–15, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Defect in skeletal muscle phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase in obese insulin-resistant mice.
Authors: S J Heydrick, D Jullien, N Gautier, J F Tanti, S Giorgetti, E Van Obberghen, Y Le Marchand-Brustel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) is one of the earliest postreceptor events in the insulin signaling pathway. Incubation of soleus muscles from lean mice with 50 nM insulin caused a 3-10-fold increase in antiphosphotyrosine-immunoprecipitable PI3K (antiPTyr-PI3K) activity within 2 min in muscle homogenates as well as both the cytosolic and membrane fractions. Insulin did not affect total PI3K activity. Both the antiPTyr-PI3K stimulation and activation of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase were dependent on hormone concentration. In muscles from obese, insulin-resistant mice, there was a 40-60% decrease in antiPTyr-PI3K activity after 2 min of insulin that was present equally in the cytosolic and membrane fractions. A significant reduction in insulin sensitivity was also observed. The defect appears to result from alterations in both insulin receptor and postreceptor signaling. Starvation of obese mice for 48 h, which is known to reverse insulin resistance, normalized the insulin response of both PI3K and the receptor tyrosine kinase. The results demonstrate that: (a) antiPTyr-PI3K activity is responsive to insulin in mouse skeletal muscle, (b) both the insulin responsiveness and sensitivity of this activity are blunted in insulin-resistant muscles from obese mice, (c) these alterations result from a combination of insulin receptor and postreceptor defects, and (d) starvation restores normal insulin responses.
Vertebral Augmentation for Symptomatic Compression Fractures Is Supported by Randomized Clinical Trials—Reply
Authors: Douglas C. Bauer
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Infertility in Women: Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Larry McGowan
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<b>Management of Amenorrhea</b>, by Charles J. Collins, 308 pp, with illus, $11.75, Springfield, Ill: Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, 1966. In Kleegman's and Kaufman's text, students of infertility will find the current clinical information available to help solve a problem as old as the history of mankind. There are nine sections to the book, including specific diagnostic tests, treatment, abortion, surgery, male infertility, and the final section devoted to topics such as the "normal" infertile couple, psychogenic aspects of infertility, prevention of infertility, and teaching of infertility in a medical curriculum. The text is well organized, amply illustrated, has good references, and is easy to read. One reason for the latter is the generous spacing of the material over the 340 pages. Many clinicians question the use of antibiotic combinations or broadspectrum antibiotics as a routine prophylactic before culdoscopy. A more detailed description of culdoscopy could have been given because of
Canonical Notch2 signaling determines biliary cell fates of embryonic hepatoblasts and adult hepatocytes independent of Hes1
Authors: Petia Jeliazkova, Simone Jörs, Marcel Lee, Ursula Zimber-Strobl, Jorge Ferrer, Roland M. Schmid, Jens T. Siveke, Fabian Geisler
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Abstract Notch signaling through the Notch2 receptor is essential for normal biliary tubulogenesis during liver development. However, the signaling events downstream of Notch2 critical for this process are less well defined. Furthermore, whether Notch signaling also underlies adult hepatic cell fate decisions is largely unknown. By implementing different genetic mouse models, we provide a comprehensive analysis that defines the role of Notch in cell fate control in the developing and adult liver. We show that cell-specific activation of Notch2 signaling by a Notch2IC ( N2IC ) transgene leads to rapid biliary specification of embryonic hepatoblasts, but also—when expressed in up to 6-month-old adult livers—rapidly reprograms adult hepatocytes to biliary cells with formation of tubular-cystic structures. When directed specifically to the adult biliary and facultative liver progenitor cell compartment, Notch2 is capable of inducing a ductular reaction. Furthermore, we characterized the significance of key effectors of canonical Notch signaling during normal development and in N2IC-expressing models. We demonstrate that tubule formation of intrahepatic bile ducts during embryonic development as well as N2IC-induced specification and morphogenesis of embryonic hepatoblasts and biliary conversion of adult hepatocytes all critically rely on canonical Notch signaling via recombination signal binding protein (RBP)-Jκ but do not require Hes1. Conclusion : Notch2 appears to be the main determinant not only of biliary commitment of embryonic hepatoblasts during development but also of biliary reprogramming of adult hepatocytes. Notch2-dictated cell fates and morphogenesis in both embryonic hepatoblasts and adult hepatocytes rely on canonical Notch signaling but do not require Hes1. Adult liver cells possess a remarkable plasticity to assume new cell fates when embryonic signaling pathways are active.
Doctors behaving imaginatively
Authors: T. Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The judges for the BMJ Group Award for the secondary care team of the year were looking for UK teams that had produced measureable improvements in outcomes that mattered to patients. Evidence of team work was given high priority; and, with a nod to the current economic climate, we encouraged entries implemented within the organisation’s existing resources.

Altogether we received 26 entries, from which the judges shortlisted four. Many great sounding initiatives didn’t make the cut because they lacked robust data on patient outcomes. Of the shortlisted entries two came from distant edges of the country, while two came from metropolitan London.

The Emergency Medical Retrieval Service (EMRS), which is based at the Glasgow City Heliport, has transformed the care and transfer of seriously ill and injured patients in remote and rural Scotland. Two dozen healthcare facilities in such areas receive emergency patients without onsite emergency physicians or intensive care units.

The initiative began in 2004 with 10 consultants delivering a 24 hour a day advisory service for seven remote hospitals on a voluntary basis. In 2008 the EMRS was established as a government funded pilot to provide training and support to …
The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus: A key site for mediating leptin’s effects on glucose homeostasis and locomotor activity
Authors: Roberto Coppari, Masumi Ichinose, Charlotte E. Lee, Abigail E. Pullen, Christopher D. Kenny, Robert A. McGovern, Vinsee Tang, Shun M. Liu, Thomas Ludwig, Streamson C. Chua, Bradford B. Lowell, Joel K. Elmquist
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2005)
POISONING BY CAMPHOR
Authors: William R. Klingensmith
Journal: JAMA (1934)

Camphor poisoning is uncommon. Cases with a fatal termination have been reported.<sup>1</sup>Recovery following the ingestion of 450 grains (30 Gm.), and death from the ingestion of 18 grains (1.2 Gm.) is reported. Benz,<sup>2</sup>Haft,<sup>3</sup>Blair<sup>1</sup>and Cottrell<sup>4</sup>report recovery after the ingestion of varying amounts of camphor in oil. Osborne<sup>5</sup>says: "It is difficult to cause poisoning in the human unless the amount is excessive, then respiratory depression and convulsions might be caused." Stevens<sup>6</sup>says: "Toxic doses first produce excitement, nausea and vomiting, delirium and epileptiform convulsions, then coma and collapse." Neither text states that the outcome may be fatal. Recovery without sequelae or complications seems to be the rule; however, in Cottrell's<sup>4</sup>case very definite evidence of cerebral irritation continued for several days. Of the later reports in the literature, camphor in oil is universally the preparation ingested. The earlier
The endogenous cannabinoid, anandamide, produces a specific and high vasodilator effect in mesenteric vessels of cirrhotic rats
Authors: M. Domenicali, J. Ros, M. Crespo, P. Cejudo-Martin, G. Fernandez-Varo, M. Morales-Ruiz, V. Arroyo, J.M. Campistol, W. Jimenez, J. Rodes
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2003)
Retinal Detachment and Fluoroquinolones
Authors: Petros Aristodemou, Andreas C. Stylianides
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Acute Effects of Ambient Particulate Matter on Mortality in Europe and North America: Results from the APHENA Study
Authors: Evangelia Samoli, Roger Peng, Tim Ramsay, Marina Pipikou, Giota Touloumi, Francesca Dominici, Rick Burnett, Aaron Cohen, Daniel Krewski, Jon Samet, Klea Katsouyanni
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

BackgroundThe APHENA (Air Pollution and Health: A Combined European and North American Approach) study is a collaborative analysis of multicity time-series data on the effect of air pollution on population health, bringing together data from the European APHEA (Air Pollution and Health: A European Approach) and U.S. NMMAPS (National Morbidity, Mortality and Air Pollution Study) projects, along with Canadian data.ObjectivesThe main objective of APHENA was to assess the coherence of the findings of the multicity studies carried out in Europe and North America, when analyzed with a common protocol, and to explore sources of possible heterogeneity. We present APHENA results on the effects of particulate matter (PM) ≤ 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) on the daily number of deaths for all ages and for those < 75 and ≥ 75 years of age. We explored the impact of potential environmental and socioeconomic factors that may modify this association.MethodsIn the first stage of a two-stage analysis, we used Poisson regression models, with natural and penalized splines, to adjust for seasonality, with various degrees of freedom. In the second stage, we used meta-regression approaches to combine time-series results across cites and to assess effect modification by selected ecologic covariates.ResultsAir pollution risk estimates were relatively robust to different modeling approaches. Risk estimates from Europe and United States were similar, but those from Canada were substantially higher. The combined effect of PM10 on all-cause mortality across all ages for cities with daily air pollution data ranged from 0.2% to 0.6% for a 10-μg/m3 increase in ambient PM10 concentration. Effect modification by other pollutants and climatic variables differed in Europe and the United States. In both of these regions, a higher proportion of older people and higher unemployment were associated with increased air pollution risk.ConclusionsEstimates of the increased mortality associated with PM air pollution based on the APHENA study were generally comparable with results of previous reports. Overall, risk estimates were similar in Europe and in the United States but higher in Canada. However, PM10 effect modification patterns were somewhat different in Europe and the United States.
Diagnosis of allergy syndromes: do symptoms always mean allergy?
Authors: P. A. Eigenmann
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Allergic disease has become a major burden in westernized societies because of a recent rise in its prevalence. Approximately one‐third of children suffer from an allergic disease, with the prevalence varying from 15 to 20% for atopic dermatitis, 7 to 10% for asthma and 15 to 20% for allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis. Despite the increase, it is important not to assume a diagnosis of allergy on the basis of symptoms alone, because allergic and nonallergic conditions may present with similar symptoms. An accurate allergy diagnosis is important in order to treat the patient most appropriately and to potentially prevent or delay the development of allergic disease. A good clinical history is the starting point for accurate allergy diagnosis but is not unequivocal. The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology has recognized the importance of allergy testing and therefore developed evidence‐based recommendations on allergy testing in children. Widespread adherence to these recommendations should improve the quality of care for allergy patients. Cooperation between all healthcare professionals involved in the treatment of allergy patients is also a key to improve our response to the allergy epidemic.
Liaison Psychiatry: A Service for Averting Dehumanization of Medicine
Authors: Adam J. Krakowski
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1979)

Recent technical advances of medical science have become responsible for the altered role of the physician and changes in the practice of medicine. As the practice has become hospital-centered, the importance of the individual physician and the prestige of the medical profession have markedly decreased. Dehumanization of medicine has been a natural outcome of these changes, for as the scientific approach to patient care increased the psychosocial support of the physician and significant others decreased. Liaison psychiatry, the therapeutic arm of psychosomatic medicine, utilizes the holistic principle which incorporates the psychosocial nuances of human behavior into the medical model. It is felt that this service must be utilized with increased frequency if further dehumanization of medical practice is to be prevented.
Abstract P5-06-03: Truncated ERBB2 Receptors: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets
Authors: T Ward, E Iorns, S Singh, A-M Jegg, M Gallas, M Lippman, R Landgraf, M. Pegram
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: Patients with ERBB2+ breast cancer have aggressive disease and poor prognoses. It is now apparent that many ERBB2+ tumors also express truncated ERBB2 receptors (t-ERBB2s), namely p110 and p95. Increased expression of t-ERBB2s by breast tumors correlates with increased nodal involvement, distant metastasis, and poor clinical outcome in patients. Because t-ERBB2s lack the epitope bound by trastuzumab, expression of high levels of these isoforms may designate patients who would be better treated with alternative anti-ERBB2 therapy such as lapatinib; unfortunately, there is currently no clinical method to distinguish full-length p185- versus t-ERBB2 in patient tumor samples. Materials and Methods: Recombinant forms of p185-, p110- and p95-ERBB2 were constructed using standard cloning techniques and expressed in human mammary epithelial cells (HMLE) via retroviral vector. The expression and subcellular localization of constructs were confirmed by western blot analysis and confocal microscopy. The ability of p185- and t-ERBB2 constructs to transform HMLE cells was evaluated using soft agar assays, and the effects on migration and invasion of these cells were investigated by transwell assays. Finally, the in vivo tumor formation by p185- vs. t-ERBB2 expressing cells was evaluated in immunodeficient mice. Additionally, a novel proximity-based antibody-capture method method to discern full-length versus t-ERBB2 in patient tumor samples was assessed (COPIA). Block tumors and fine-needle aspirates from patient tumor samples were used for quantifying total and phosphorylated ERBB2 receptors. Results and Discussion: Recombinant p185- and t-ERBB2 constructs were stably expressed in HMLE cells, and were correctly targeted to the cell membrane, as shown by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoblot. Expression of p110 t-ERBB2 increased migration and invasion of HMLE cells compared to p185 ERBB2 (P&amp;lt;0.0001), while p110, p95m and p185 ERBB2s were equally effective at enhancing anchorage-independent growth. In vivo, expression of p110 t-ERBB2 but not other isoforms led to increased tumor formation in mice compared to controls (P&amp;lt;0.005). No apparent phenotypes were elicited by expression of intracellular t-ERBB2 isoforms. Using COPIA testing, t-ERBB2 isoforms were detected in strongly ERBB2- positive tumors (16 of 31 samples, 52%) and were phosphorylated in 10 of 31 (32%). As expected, t-ERBB2s were not detected in ERBB2-negative tumor samples. Truncated ERBB2s, particularly p110, may be major pathogenic drivers in ERBB2+ cancers. These isoforms may accelerate disease progression by promoting invasion and metastasis, and likely mediate resistance to trastuzumab and other therapies. Thus, t-ERBB2s represent attractive novel targets for diagnosis and treatment of ERBB2+ breast cancers. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-06-03.
Adult Weight Change and Risk of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer
Authors: A. Heather Eliassen, Graham A. Colditz, Bernard Rosner, Walter C. Willett, Susan E. Hankinson
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Endogenous hormones are a primary cause of breast cancer. Adiposity affects circulating hormones, particularly in postmenopausal women, and may be a modifiable risk factor for breast cancer.To assess the associations of adult weight change since age 18 years and since menopause with the risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women.Prospective cohort study within the Nurses' Health Study. A total of 87,143 postmenopausal women, aged 30 to 55 years and free of cancer, were followed up for up to 26 years (1976-2002) to assess weight change since age 18 years. Weight change since menopause was assessed among 49,514 women who were followed up for up to 24 years.Incidence of invasive breast cancer.Overall, 4393 cases of invasive breast cancer were documented. Compared with those who maintained weight, women who gained 25.0 kg or more since age 18 years were at an increased risk of breast cancer (relative risk [RR], 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27-1.66; P<.001 for trend), with a stronger association among women who have never taken postmenopausal hormones (RR,1.98; 95% CI, 1.55-2.53). Compared with weight maintenance, women who gained 10.0 kg or more since menopause were at an increased risk of breast cancer (RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.03-1.35; P = .002 for trend). Women who had never used postmenopausal hormones, lost 10.0 kg or more since menopause, and kept the weight off were at a lower risk than those who maintained weight (RR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21-0.86; P = .01 for weight loss trend). Overall, 15.0% (95% CI, 12.8%-17.4%) of breast cancer cases in this population may be attributable to weight gain of 2.0 kg or more since age 18 years and 4.4% (95% CI, 3.6%-5.5%) attributable to weight gain of 2.0 kg or more since menopause. Among those who did not use postmenopausal hormones, the population attributable risks are 24.2% (95% CI, 19.8%-29.1%) for a weight gain since age 18 years and 7.6% (95% CI, 5.9%-9.7%) for weight gain since menopause.These data suggest that weight gain during adult life, specifically since menopause, increases the risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women, whereas weight loss after menopause is associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer. Thus, in addition to other known benefits of healthy weight, our results provide another reason for women approaching menopause to maintain or lose weight, as appropriate.
Emergence of late cytomegalovirus central nervous system disease in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients
Authors: Dana G. Wolf, Nell S. Lurain, Tsila Zuckerman, Ron Hoffman, Judith Satinger, Alik Honigman, Niveen Saleh, Emanuel S. Robert, Jacob M. Rowe, Zipora Kra-Oz
Journal: Blood (2002)