tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Letter: Ski injuries
Authors: M. H. Pope
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Drs Pope and Johnson have pointed out the epidemiologic differences between descriptive studies and analytic studies, and the value of the latter over the former in defining precise relationships between causal factors and, in this instance, traumatic events. However, they fail to point out that the importance of descriptive studies is to accumulate sufficient data with which causal hypotheses may be formulated. The major benefit of descriptive epidemiology is that studies of this type are inexpensive, do not require long-term follow-up, and can be carried out in a relatively short time by very few investigators. A complete discussion of the relative benefits of descriptive epidemiology, analytic epidemiology, and experimental studies may be found in either McMahon and Pugh (<i>The Principles of Epidemiology</i>) or Mauser and Bahn (<i>Epidemiology: An Introductory Text</i>), the two basic textbooks in the field. The study carried out by Gutman, Wolf, and myself was descriptive,
It's time to change how Europe regulates research
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2008)

So were they right, the UK academics who six weeks ago wrote that regulation was “the real threat to research”? ( BMJ 2008:337:a1732, doi:10.1136/bmj.a1732). If the BMJ ’s rapid responses are a reliable guide, yes they were. This week’s letters pages host a selection of these responses, each vying with the next to show, in the words of surgical trainee David Samuel, “how prohibitive, laborious, and bureaucratic attempting to conduct research has become” (doi:10.1136/bmj.a2917). Can anyone beat my delays? asks Martyn Parker, whose randomised trial was eventually approved after a delay of over two and a half years (doi:10.1136/bmj.a2914). Further responses are welcome if anyone …
No reduction in death rate is seen with bilateral mastectomy, US study finds
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Increasing numbers of US women with breast cancer are opting for double mastectomies, but the procedure is not associated with a lower 10 year mortality than breast conserving surgery with radiation, a study has found.

The study was reported in the 3 September issue of JAMA. 1 Allison W Kurian, of Stanford University School of Medicine in California, and colleagues, accessed data that had been collected from 1998 to 2011 on 189 734 women who had new diagnoses of early, unilateral breast cancer at stages 0-III. The data came from …
The Catarrhal Child
Authors: J. B. Burke
Journal: BMJ (1956)

Leachable tungsten is associated with protein aggregation and precipitation in glass prefilled syringes, and this may trigger immunogenicity concerns. Determining the level of leachable tungsten from glass prefilled syringes is critical for assuring quality of certain biopharmaceutical drug products. An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) quantification method was developed to determine elemental tungsten in syringe extracts. The syringe was extracted using 0.5% ammonium hydroxide (pH 11), heat (75 °C), and sonication. The resulting extraction solution was diluted 10 fold prior to ICP/MS analysis. Syringes from three syringe lots containing known low (average 28.0 ng), medium (average 189.4 ng), and high (average 631.9 ng) levels of tungsten were extracted three times each. All syringes with total tungsten greater than 14 ng had extraction efficiency greater than 90% with the first two extractions combined. The calibration curve range was 0.1–200 μg/L tungsten with iridium as the internal standard, and the correlation coefficient was ≥1.0000. The limit of detection at 0.05 μg/L tungsten and limit of quantification at 0.1 μg/L tungsten were determined as having a signal-to-noise ratio greater than 40 and 80 times compared with the blank, respectively. The ICP/MS method was selective for tungsten and iridium in the presence of other metals. Accuracies of spiked tungsten, at three different levels, in syringe extracts were &gt;99% with precision relative standard deviation (RSD) (n = 5) of ≤1%. The matrix effect of the syringe extract media and carryover of tungsten and internal standard were negligible. Onboard stability of the syringe extracts over three days had a tungsten concentration RSD (n = 3) of ≤1%. Syringe extractions performed with 0.45–0.55% ammonium hydroxide had spike recoveries ≥99% and demonstrated extraction solution robustness. Quantified residual tungsten in syringes extract by ammonium hydroxide and analyzed by ICP/MS was acceptable based on extraction efficiency and method performance. <i>LAY ABSTRACT:</i> Elemental tungsten is a known leachable from glass prefilled syringe used as a ready-to-inject drug device in the pharmaceutical industry. Tungsten is a residual artifact from the manufacturing process of the syringe. The leachable tungsten level is of a concern, as it can affect the quality of the filled drug product. To understand possible leachable quantity of tungsten from the prefilled syringe, a tungsten extraction conditions and quantification method were developed. Double extraction of the syringe with 0.5% ammonium hydroxide (pH 11), heat (75 °C), and sonication was able to efficiently extract 90% of the total tungsten from syringe. An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method was qualified to selectively, accurately, and precisely quantify the extracted tungsten. The developed extraction and quantification method was acceptable in determining possible leachable tungsten from prefilled syringes.
The clinical effect of topical phenytoin on wound healing: a systematic review
Authors: J. Shaw, C.M. Hughes, K.M. Lagan, P.M. Bell
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Oral phenytoin was first introduced as an antiseizure medication in 1937. Over 60 years investigators have shown an interest in how topical phenytoin may be used to promote wound healing in a variety of chronic wounds.Systematically to identify, summarize and critically appraise the clinical evidence available on the effects of topical phenytoin on wound healing.Systematic searches were carried out in PubMed (1963-2005), Medline (1966-2005) and Cinahl (1982-2005) for the years listed and in the Cochrane Library and the University of York NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. The search terms used the following key words alone and in combination: phenytoin, wounds and injuries, wound healing, and wound care. Secondary hand searching was also carried out using relevant journal articles and reference lists, historical books, conference proceedings and theses in the area of wound healing. Papers were included if they described randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on humans and if the primary aim was wound closure, with a secondary aim of measuring wound healing over time. The methodological quality of the papers in this systematic review was assessed using the van Tulder method and in addition best-evidence synthesis was carried out. The magnitude of the effect of phenytoin therapy in the studies included in the systematic review was investigated in four of the 14 trials.Fourteen RCTs were included in the systematic review. Two papers were of high and 12 papers of low to moderate methodological quality. Most papers failed to describe randomization, treatment allocation and blinding techniques adequately. There was moderate evidence presented to support the use of phenytoin for the treatment of leg ulcers, leprosy wounds, chronic wounds and diabetic foot ulcers. There was a positive percentage treatment effect in favour of the phenytoin-treated group in one study investigating diabetic foot wounds and one study on chronic wounds. There was limited evidence for the use of phenytoin on burns and war wounds.Overall it would appear that studies investigating the effect of topical phenytoin on wound healing are of moderate methodological quality, and these suggest that there may be a positive effect on wound healing in a variety of wounds.
Paediatricians call for government to withdraw the health bill
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health is calling on the government to withdraw the Health and Social Care Bill after 79% of respondents to an online survey voted to back the move rather than to push for amendments.

The college says it is urging ministers to bring together all healthcare professionals to work on practical steps for delivering areas of reform where there is clear consensus.

It joins the BMA, the Royal College of General Practitioners, the Royal College of Psychiatrists, the Faculty of Public Health, the Society of Radiographers, and the Royal Colleges of Nursing and Midwives in opposing the bill.

There were 1492 valid votes (14.5% turnout) to the survey from the college’s UK members. Of these, 308 (20.6%) voted …
Observations on the Gastrointestinal Administration of Bovine Splenic Homogenate on Hematopoiesis in Man.
Authors: Raymond W. Monto
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964Observations on the Gastrointestinal Administration of Bovine Splenic Homogenate on Hematopoiesis in Man.Raymond W. Monto, M.D., F.A.C.P., James A. Barron, M.D., John W. Rebuck, M.D., Vainutis Vaitkevicius, M.D., F.A.C.P.Raymond W. Monto, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, James A. Barron, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, John W. Rebuck, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Vainutis Vaitkevicius, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-729_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThirty-two patients with a variety of refractory hematologic cytopenic disorders received bovine splenic (27), renal (2), muscle (1), thymus homogenate (1), and blood (1) by continuous intragastric tube feeding. Fresh and frozen whole homogenate, supernatant and sediment were given in amounts of approximately 1,000 g daily for 7 to 14 days. Rats received whole splenic homogenate, supernatant, and sediment in the quantity of 10 g spleen or 24 ml supernatant daily by gastric tube for 5 days.In patients, the following determinations were made at 2-day intervals: hemoglobin, hematocrit, red cell, reticulocyte and platelet counts, and serum uric acid. Bone... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Raymond W. Monto, M.D., F.A.C.P.; James A. Barron, M.D.; John W. Rebuck, M.D.; Vainutis Vaitkevicius, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: Detroit, Michigan PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byBIBLIOGRAPHY 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4Page: 729-729KeywordsBoneHematocritHematopoiesisHemoglobinMusclesPlateletsReticulocytesSpleenThymusUric acid ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF downloadLoading ...
Adhesion of Monocytes to Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1–Transduced Human Endothelial Cells
Authors: Robert E. Gerszten, Yaw-Chyn Lim, Han T. Ding, Karen Snapp, Geoffrey Kansas, David A. Dichek, Carlos Cabañas, Francisco Sánchez-Madrid, Michael A. Gimbrone, Anthony Rosenzweig, Francis W. Luscinskas
Journal: Circulation Research (1998)

Abstract —To study the role of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in monocyte recruitment and atherogenesis, we constructed a recombinant adenovirus, AdRSVrVCAM-1, carrying the rabbit VCAM-1 cDNA. We have previously shown that AdRSVrVCAM-1–transduced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) support the adhesion of CD4 + CD45RO + memory T lymphocytes under laminar flow conditions. We now demonstrate that AdRSVrVCAM-1–transduced HUVECs support the adhesion of peripheral blood monocytes at a shear stress of ≤1.5 dyne/cm 2 . Although VCAM-1 supported only firm adhesion of lymphocytes, it was able to mediate monocyte rolling, firm adhesion, and transmigration when expressed in the context of otherwise unactivated vascular endothelium. VCAM-1–transduced HUVECs supported the adhesion of as many as 4-fold more monocytes than T cells under laminar flow. The greater monocyte adhesion was explained at least in part by leukocyte-leukocyte interactions (secondary adhesions), which were not seen with T cells. These secondary monocyte interactions were specifically blocked by monoclonal antibodies to L-selectin and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1. These data demonstrate that VCAM-1 expressed in the context of unactivated vascular endothelium supports the adhesion of the leukocyte populations present in atherosclerotic plaque and may contribute to the predominance of monocytes over lymphocytes.
Data protection and the clinician: guidelines on data security.
Authors: J D Williamson
Journal: BMJ (1985)

As a result of the 1984 Data Protection Act, British health authorities have been reviewing and revising their policies and codes of practice on confidentiality and associated issues to conform to the standards enunciated in the Act. Detailed guidelines are given here that are suitable for securing electronically held data--the only type of data protected by the law. Clinicians are advised to use these guidelines to check the security of their own systems of electronic and manual records.
Decreased Skin Wrinkling in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Charles V Clark, Brian Pentland, David J Ewing, Basil F Clarke
Journal: Diabetes Care (1984)

Skin wrinkling, which may be dependent on peripheral autonomic innervation, was assessed in 100 normal and 42 diabetic subjects using a temperature-controlled water bath with immersion of the hands for 30 min. Markedly decreased skin wrinkling was observed in diabetic subjects and in manual workers, but did not correlate with cardiovascular tests of autonomic function, control, type or duration of diabetes, or diabetic complications. The cause of decreased skin wrinkling in people with diabetes is unexplained.
Sharing Genetic Test Results in Lynch Syndrome: Communication With Close and Distant Relatives
Authors: Elena M. Stoffel, Beth Ford, Rowena C. Mercado, Darashana Punglia, Wendy Kohlmann, Peggy Conrad, Amie Blanco, Kristen M. Shannon, Mark Powell, Stephen B. Gruber, Jonathan Terdiman, Daniel C. Chung, Sapna Syngal
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2008)
Patients with Advanced Head and Neck Cancers Have Similar Progression-Free Survival on Phase I Trials and Their Last Food and Drug Administration–Approved Treatment
Authors: Ignacio Garrido-Laguna, Filip Janku, Gerald S. Falchook, Siqing Fu, David S. Hong, Aung Naing, Joanne Aaron, Xuemei Wang, Merrill Kies, Razelle Kurzrock
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: To compare clinical outcomes of metastatic head and neck cancer patients treated in phase I clinical trials with clinical outcomes of those patients who had their last Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved therapy in the setting of metastatic disease. Experimental Design: We retrospectively reviewed the outcomes of 61 consecutive patients with head and neck tumors treated in 36 phase I trials at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center between July 2004 and September 2009. Results: The most common histology was head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (62%). Median age was 55 years (range, 26-80). Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was 0 to 1 for 95% of patients. Fifty-nine patients had received FDA-approved drugs as the backbone of their last systemic therapy before inclusion in phase I trials (median, 2 systemic therapies). Progression-free survival (PFS) on phase I trials was not inferior to PFS on their last FDA-approved therapies (12 versus 10.7 weeks, log-rank P = 0.87). Fifty-three patients were evaluable for response by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria. Four (7%) had partial responses and 16 (26%) had stable disease for ≥4 months. In univariate analysis, number of metastatic sites, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels at baseline, and Royal Marsden Hospital prognosis scores were significant predictors of survival. Only LDH was significant in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 6.35; P ≤ 0.0001). Conclusions: For patients with heavily pretreated advanced head and neck tumors, PFS on phase I trials is not inferior to PFS with their last FDA-approved therapy. The only significant predictor of survival in the multivariate analysis was baseline LDH. Clin Cancer Res; 16(15); 4031–7. ©2010 AACR.
[622] R1479, A NOVEL HEPATITIS C POLYMERASE INHIBITOR: LACK OF PRE-EXISTING RESISTANCE MUTATION SUPPORTS THE OBSERVED IN VIVO HIGH BARRIER TO RESISTANCE
Authors: S. Le Pogam, A. Kosaka, S. Hu, H. Kang, A. Seshaadri, J. Symons, K. Klumpp, N. Cammack, I. Najera
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
A NOTE ON TWO NEW CREOSOTE COMPOUNDS: CREOSOTE VALERIANATE AND GUAIACOL VALERIANATE.
Authors: FRANK WOODBURY
Journal: JAMA (1897)

In these days of new remedies of ephemeral usefulness and evanescent reputation, it is refreshing to take up, for brief consideration, a drug with an established record of more than half a century. We recall the fact that while experimenting with tar from beech-wood, Reichenbach, in 1832, first obtained a fluid substance, which, on account of its possessing pre-eminently the power of preventing putrefaction in organic substances, he termed "creosote," or "flesh preserver." That expert chemist also fully recognized the fact that the new chemic agent was not a simple, but a very complex, substance, being composed principally of hydrocarbons of the aromatic group. It also contains a variable quantity of water. According to a recent authority, Marasse, it contains phenol, cresol, phlorol, guaiacol and creosol; also methylcreosol and the methylic ethers of guaiacol, phlorol, etc. By fractional distillation, Hofmann separated the dimethylic ethers of pyrogallol, of methyl-pyrogallol and of
THE CURABILITY OF NASO-MUCOSITIS.
Authors: THOS. F. RUMBOLD
Journal: JAMA (1893)

(Concluded from page 888). Part III. <i>Dissatisfied Patients</i>.—There are two classes of patients who visit a physician for consultation, with regard to suspected or painful disease of the upper air passages, that are almost certain to be dissatisfied with the promises given them: one, those who expect to be cured in a few weeks at most; the other, those who have come to the conclusion, because of many disappointments, that the disease can not be cured. <i>The First Visit to a Physician</i>.—Take an individual of the first class, about thirty-nine years of age, who has had little or no painful experiences connected with the disease. He is conscious of a little more flow of secretion in the back part of the throat than he thinks should take place. He has been clearing his throat every morning for five or six years, but seldom has gagging spells with these efforts; and
Adrenoleukodystrophy Presenting as Postperfusion Syndrome
Authors: Giovanni Battista Luciani, Renzo Pessotto, Alessandro Mazzucco
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

Regarding the editorial on editorials and conflicts of interest (Oct.3 issue), 1 in which you extend the definition of a conflict of interest for editorialists to include one-time consulting fees, as well as ongoing financial associations, I wonder whether you aren't setting a standard that is too extreme.As a primary care physician who is often invited to dinner lectures sponsored by pharmaceutical companies, I wonder why the fees for the speakers on such occasions wouldn't fall into the same category.Why is it less compromising to accept such fees for repeated lectures to physicians on therapeutics than to accept money (as Dr. Manson did) for a one-time presentation to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)?I suspect that many of your editorialists have been paid by pharmaceutical companies for speaking on the subjects they discuss in their editorials.
What Cornerstone Is Best for Physician Payment Reform?
Authors: WILLIAM B. STASON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1987)

Editorials1 March 1987What Cornerstone Is Best for Physician Payment Reform?WILLIAM B. STASON, M.D., M.S.WILLIAM B. STASON, M.D., M.S.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-106-3-468 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptPhysician payment reform is under way. The only question is the form it will take and how dramatic the effects will be on physicians and the recipients of health care. Pressures for reform stem from many causes: the rapid rise in overall medical care costs; the public's perception that physicians' fees and, in some instances, physicians' incomes are excessive; and the views of physicians and policy analysts alike that important distortions exist in current fees. Much criticism of the current customary, prevailing, and reasonable (CPR) system has focused on "overpriced" diagnostic and surgical procedures and the resulting financial incentives for...References1. HADLEYBERENSON JR. Seeking the Just price: constructing relative value scales and fee schedules. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106;461-6. LinkGoogle Scholar2. HSIAOSTASON WW. Toward developing a relative value scale for medical and surgical services. Health Care Financ Rev. 1979;1:23-8. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. HSIAOBRAUNGOLDMANSPENCER WPPC. Resource Based Relative Values of Selected Medical and Surgical Procedures in Massachusetts. Boston: Harvard School of Public Health; Dec 1985. Google Scholar4. MITCHELLSTASONCALOREFREIMANHEWES JWKMH. Are some surgical procedures "overpaid"? Health Alf. 1987;6. (In press). Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Harvard School of Public Health, Boston Brockton- West Roxbury Veterans Administration Medical Center West Roxbury, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPhysician Payment Reform: FinallyROBERT A. BERENSON, M.D. 1 March 1987Volume 106, Issue 3Page: 468-470KeywordsCardiopulmonary resuscitationHealth careMotivationPerception Issue Published: 1 March 1987 PDF downloadLoading ...
Consideration of histopathological subtypes and biopsy techniques in Barrett's oesophagus surveillance programmes Reply
Authors: R C FITZGERALD, W R BURNHAM, C E MACDONALD, A C WICKS, R J PLAYFORD
Journal: Gut (1998)

Autoimmune hepatitis in the elderlyEDITOR,-We were interested to read Professor James' comments on autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in his review of parenchymal liver disease in the elderly (Gut 1997;41:430-2).He described an unpublished series of patients with AIH, 20% of whom were over 65 years of age 1 at presentation.We recently published an 11-year follow up of patients with type I AIH from an unselected population in South Wales. 2 Forty one patients were identified according to the AIH group criteria.The median age was 62 years and 23 (56%) patients were over 60 years of age at presentation; the usual presentation was an acute icteric hepatitis.Response to immunosuppression in the over-60's was gratifying and prompt and the five year survival rate compared favourably with that of our series as a whole.Our experience is similar to that of the Newcastle group, and it now seems clear that AIH should no longer be regarded primarily as a disease of the young.Indeed, our unselected series suggests that AIH is primarily a disease of the elderly.The diagnosis should be considered in any patient presenting with acute icteric hepatitis whatever his or her age.
Computation, PET images, and attention
Authors: John K. Tsotsos
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Posner &amp; Raichle (1994) is a nice addition to the Scientific American Library and the average reader will both enjoy the book and learn a great deal. As an activeresearcher, however, I find the book disappointing in many respects. My two major disappointments are in the illusion of computation that is created throughout the volume and in the inadequate perspective of the presentation on visual attention.