tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In vitro release of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of atopic dermatitis patients in response to stimulation with dust mile antigen
Authors: Y. KUBOTA, T. KOGA, S. IMAYAMA, Y. HORI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article In vitro release of granulocyte/macrophage colony‐stimulating factor from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of atopic dermatitis patients in response to stimulation with dust mile antigen Get access Y. KUBOTA, Y. KUBOTA Department of Dermatology. Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, 3‐1‐1 Maidashi, Higashi‐ku, J‐812 Fukuoka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. KOGA, T. KOGA Department of Dermatology. Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, 3‐1‐1 Maidashi, Higashi‐ku, J‐812 Fukuoka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. IMAYAMA, S. IMAYAMA Department of Dermatology. Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, 3‐1‐1 Maidashi, Higashi‐ku, J‐812 Fukuoka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Y. HORI Y. HORI Department of Dermatology. Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, 3‐1‐1 Maidashi, Higashi‐ku, J‐812 Fukuoka, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 130, Issue 1, 1 January 1994, Pages 127–128, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb06901.x Published: 01 January 1994
Hypersensitivity reactions to Escherichia coli –derived polyethylene glycolated–asparaginase associated with subsequent immediate skin test reactivity to E. coli–derived granulocyte colony-stimulating factor☆☆☆★
Authors: H.David Stone Jr., Cecily DiPiro, P.Charlton Davis, Carol F. Meyer, Betty B. Wray
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)
What do parallel fibers do?
Authors: James M. Bower
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Braitenberg et al.'s proposal, like most previous theories of cerebellar function (see Bower 1997, for review), is fundamentally based on the striking geometric relationship between parallel fibers and Purkinje cells. As in previous models, the current theory assumes that the activation of granule cells results in a “beam” of activated Purkinje cells, although it adds the new requirement that the granule cell layer itself have a particular spatial/temporal pattern of activation. I believe there is clear evidence that parallel fibers do not have the type of excitatory effects on Purkinje cells required by this theory.
Lipid Lowering Versus Revascularization
Authors: James S. Forrester, Prediman K. Shah
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Abstract There is strong evidence that revascularization does not prevent myocardial infarction in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). The anatomic basis for this counterintuitive conclusion seems to be that most myocardial infarctions occur at sites that did not previously exhibit an angiographically significant stenosis. These angiographic observations are further supported by thallium studies in stable CAD that demonstrate that the site of stress-induced ischemia is frequently not the site of subsequent myocardial infarction. Since both coronary artery bypass graft surgery and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty are directed at more severe coronary stenoses, we are led to the remarkable conclusion that angiography does not identify, and consequently revascularization therapies do not treat, the lesions that lead to myocardial infarction. The pathology of coronary atherosclerosis provides the basis for understanding why revascularization does not prevent infarction: unstable lesions that cause infarction are not necessarily severely stenotic, and stenotic lesions are not necessarily unstable. In contrast to revascularization, lipid lowering reduces the rate of myocardial infarction by ≈30% over a period of 5 years. Thus, we might postulate that lipid lowering is the more effective therapy for both prevention of acute myocardial infarction and long-term survival. The health policy and economic implications of this viewpoint, should it emerge in the management of coronary heart disease, are clearly substantial. Consequently, the relative roles of lipid-lowering therapy and revascularization, both alone and together, must now be determined. It is an idea whose time—for testing—has come.
Parathyroid Hormone–Related Protein Protects against Mammary Tumor Emergence and Is Associated with Monocyte Infiltration in Ductal Carcinoma <i>In situ</i>
Authors: Nicholas I. Fleming, Melanie K. Trivett, Joshy George, John L. Slavin, William K. Murray, Jane M. Moseley, Robin L. Anderson, David M. Thomas
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is required for mammary gland development and promotes the growth of breast cancer metastases within bone. However, there are conflicting reports of the prognostic significance of its expression in primary breast cancers. To study the role of PTHrP in early breast cancer, the effect of conditional deletion of PTHrP was examined in the context of neu-induced mammary tumorigenesis. Loss of PTHrP resulted in a higher tumor incidence. Transcriptional profiling of the tumors revealed that PTHrP influenced genes relevant to heterotypic cell signaling, including regulators of monocyte recruitment. Immunohistochemical analysis of human breast cancers revealed that PTHrP expression was associated with both HER-2/neu expression and macrophage infiltration in preinvasive ductal carcinoma in situ. The gene expression signature associated with loss of PTHrP expression in vivo correlated with poorer outcome in human breast cancer. Together, these data indicate that loss of PTHrP accelerates mammary tumorigenesis possibly by a non-cell-autonomous tumor suppressor pathway.
Good medical practice
Authors: R. Anwar
Journal: BMJ (2003)

I was appointed as a senior house officer in general surgery at a remote district general hospital. The post would have suited someone with more surgical experience, but my career prospects depended on this job. On occasions, there was no middle grade cover, and I had to manage all the surgical emergencies and take consultant advice as necessary.

Having worked for years in orthopaedics, my thoughts were often focused on bones, even while examining a patient's abdomen. As a general surgical trainee, I had performed a couple of appendicectomies and a few other supervised operations, but I was certainly not ready to do anything as major as opening …
Final results from the prospective phase III WSG-ARA trial: impact of adjuvant darbepoetin alfa on event-free survival in early breast cancer
Authors: U. Nitz, O. Gluz, I. Zuna, C. Oberhoff, T. Reimer, C. Schumacher, J. Hackmann, M. Warm, C. Uleer, V. Runde, J. Dünnebacke, N. Belzl, D. Augustin, R.E. Kates, N. Harbeck
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Book: Medicine and Literature: The Doctor's Companion to the Classics
Authors: J. Quin
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Medicine and Literature: The Doctor's Companion to the Classics by John Salinsky. Radcliffe Medical Press, £17.95, pp 248. ISBN 1 85775 535 9. Rating: ★★


Attempts at defining the canon—let's be frank—appear fat and a bit dull. They are squat but worthy beasts—witness The Western Canon (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1994), Harold Bloom's list of a few years ago that made frail literate souls quake with guilt at how ill read they were. That's the trouble with classicists, they are better read than you will ever be. 




Given a chance to read, we sometimes approach the classics with circumspection like Sherlock Holmes sniffing around a case. The more humble pulp favourites we assault like Dirty Harry. Most of us tend to search out a more dishevelled band of suspects as opposed to the canonically righteous.

“I think sometimes it hurts you when you stay too long at school”—so wrote John Cale and Lou Reed. Might that apply to some undergraduate medical courses where a five year Kulturkampf on non-scientific thinking wrecks any plan to inculcate reasonable communication skills, never mind empathy with the complexities of human behaviour? It sometimes seems that we are taught everything except what it is actually like to be a doctor. And that is where this guide argues that literature might help.

The works championed in this collection often reveal the limits of our knowledge, the ignorance we face daily dealing with disease. Kafka's disturbing and hallucinatory A Country Doctor might seem like just another day at the office for many contemporary physicians, but Bulgakov's horrendous experiences as a junior doctor remain powerfully vivid.

The recommendations in this guide are not controversial, the works well known. Like any other greatest hits compilation you can argue with those chosen. Sadly, the only time I found A Midsummer Night's Dream “hysterically funny” was back in 1973 when a smart teacher made the two Raskolnikov types in our class play Helena and Hermia.

The style in this guide is somewhat camp—witness the Ulysses section where the masterpiece is introduced as “another big one” with “naughty words” and where, “blow me,” the chapter headings have been removed.

The author wishes he had time to tell us more about Dostoevsky's pedal fascination, but I think many will rejoice that we are spared the details. The aim of the book is laudable and will count as a success if it converts anyone to one of the great works. As for The Brothers Karamazov, one day I really must toe the line and read it.
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis and Anisakis
Authors: B. Gómez1, A. I. Tabar, T. Tuñón, B. Larrinaga, M. J. Alvarez, B. E. Garcia, J. M. Olaguibel
Journal: Allergy (1998)

Background The differential diagnosis of eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG) includes, among other diseases, parasitic infections such as anisakiasis, which has acquired worldwide importance. Methods We reviewed all patients referred to our allergy service who had been diagnosed as having primary EG to determine the possible role of Anisakis simplex in the etiopathology of the disease. All patients (n= 10) were studied and diagnosed as having primary EG between 1989 and 1996, inclusive. Two different groups of subjects were used as controls: group A (149 subjects without digestive disorder) and group B (10 subjects with digestive disorder different from EG). Cutaneous prick tests were performed with the main foods, aeroallergens, and commercial extract of A. simplex. Total and specific serum IgE was measured in all patients. Gastric or gut histologic specimens were re-examined in five cases. Results Peripheral eosinophilia was detected in 40% of the patients with EG, and sensitization to A. simplex was detected in 80% of these. In both control groups, the rate of sensitization to A. simplex was 10%. Sensitization to A. simplex in EG patients with respect to control groups A and B showed odds ratios (OR) of 36 and 40, respectively. In one case, serialization of the histologic section allowed us to observe a whole Anisakis larva. Conclusions Immunologic methods to detect specific antibodies against Anisakis should be used routinely before diagnosing EG as primary disorder. Preventive measures are of capital importance.
Inulin Labeled With Chromium 51 for Determination of Glomerular Filtration Rate
Authors: Barry J. Materson, Albert E. Johnson, Eliseo C. Perez-Stable
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was determined in 12 patients by simultaneous clearance of inulin and inulin labeled with chromium 51 (inulin<sup>51</sup>Cr). Paired GFRs calculated by the classic C=UV/P formula showed excellent correlation (<i>r</i>±0.995;<i>P</i>&lt;0.001;<i>y</i>=1.01<i>x</i>- 2.03, where<i>y</i>indicates clearance of inulin<sup>5</sup>Cr, and<i>x</i>indicates clearance of inulin). The clearance ratio was 0.975. Determination of GFR with inulin<sup>51</sup>Cr proved to be faster, cheaper, and more practical than with inulin. This compound makes GFR determinations readily available for clinical use.
A Rationally Designed A34R Mutant Oncolytic Poxvirus: Improved Efficacy in Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Authors: Pragatheeshwar Thirunavukarasu, Magesh Sathaiah, Michael C Gorry, Mark E O'Malley, Roshni Ravindranathan, Frances Austin, Steven H Thorne, Zong Sheng Guo, David L Bartlett
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Oncolytic poxviruses have demonstrated initial promising results in patients with cancer in clinical trials, yet further improvements are needed. It has been shown that a single point mutation in the A34R gene resulted in the production of more total progeny virus and more extracellular enveloped virus (EEV), a form that can be immune-evasive and with enhanced spread. We have genetically engineered a new oncolytic poxvirus (designated vA34R) by incorporating this mutated A34R gene into a viral backbone (vvDD) which was designed for tumor-selective replication. This rationally designed virus can evade neutralization from antipoxvirus antibodies and is highly cytotoxic to cancer cells. It demonstrates improved spread and increased replication within the peritoneal cavity resulting in improved antitumor effects in a peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) model of MC38 colon cancer. Impressively, after carrier cell-mediated delivery in the preimmunized host, vA34R displayed high replication in tumor nodules yet low accumulation in normal tissues thus enhancing the therapeutic index leading to 70% long-term cures. These results demonstrate that vA34R gains an enhanced therapeutic index for PC via immune evasion, increased spread, and production of more progeny virus. Thus, vA34R may be a potent oncolytic virus (OV) for patients with PC, even after prior exposure to vaccinia virus (VV). Oncolytic poxviruses have demonstrated initial promising results in patients with cancer in clinical trials, yet further improvements are needed. It has been shown that a single point mutation in the A34R gene resulted in the production of more total progeny virus and more extracellular enveloped virus (EEV), a form that can be immune-evasive and with enhanced spread. We have genetically engineered a new oncolytic poxvirus (designated vA34R) by incorporating this mutated A34R gene into a viral backbone (vvDD) which was designed for tumor-selective replication. This rationally designed virus can evade neutralization from antipoxvirus antibodies and is highly cytotoxic to cancer cells. It demonstrates improved spread and increased replication within the peritoneal cavity resulting in improved antitumor effects in a peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) model of MC38 colon cancer. Impressively, after carrier cell-mediated delivery in the preimmunized host, vA34R displayed high replication in tumor nodules yet low accumulation in normal tissues thus enhancing the therapeutic index leading to 70% long-term cures. These results demonstrate that vA34R gains an enhanced therapeutic index for PC via immune evasion, increased spread, and production of more progeny virus. Thus, vA34R may be a potent oncolytic virus (OV) for patients with PC, even after prior exposure to vaccinia virus (VV).
ARTIST (osteoarthritis intervention standardized) study of standardised consultation versus usual care for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee in primary care in France: pragmatic randomised controlled trial
Authors: P Ravaud, R-M Flipo, I Boutron, C Roy, A Mahmoudi, B Giraudeau, T Pham
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Objective To evaluate the impact of standardised consultations on patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Design Open pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial. Setting Primary care in France. Participants 198 primary care rheumatologists, each of whom had to include two consecutive patients who met the American College of Rheumatology criteria for osteoarthritis of the knee. Interventions Standardised consultation was provided during three goal oriented visits (education on osteoarthritis and treatment management; information on physical exercises; information on weight loss) or usual care. Main outcome measures Change in body weight and in time spent on physical exercises (Baecke index) at four months. Results 336 patients were included (154 allocated to standardised consultation and 182 to usual care). Nine patients were excluded because of lack of baseline data (standardised consultation, n=8; usual care, n=1). At four months, taking into account the clustering effect, the decrease in weight was greater in the standardised consultation group than in the usual care group (mean −1.11 (SD 2.49) kg v −0.37 (2.39) kg; P=0.007). The physical activity score was higher for the standardised consultation group than for the usual care group (mean 0.20 (0.65) v 0.04 (0.78); P=0.013). The standardised consultation and usual care groups did not differ in secondary outcomes, except for global assessment of disease activity (0-10 numeric scale: mean −1.66 (2.26) v −0.90 (2.48); P=0.003) and pain level (0-10 numeric scale: mean −1.65 (2.32) v −1.18 (2.58); P=0.04). Conclusions A structured consultation programme for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee resulted in short term improvement in weight loss and time spent on physical activity. Trial registration Clinical trials [NCT00462319][1]. [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT00462319&atom=%2Fbmj%2F338%2Fbmj.b421.atom
THE CHOLESTEROL/SATURATED-FAT INDEX: AN INDICATION OF THE HYPERCHOLESTEROLAEMIC AND ATHEROGENIC POTENTIAL OF FOOD
Authors: SonjaL. Connor, SabineM. Artaud-Wild, CarolynJ. Classick-Kohn, JoyceR. Gustafson, DonnaP. Flavell, LaurenF. Hatcher, WilliamE. Connor
Journal: The Lancet (1986)
Patients with a self diagnosis of myalgic encephalomyelitis
Authors: S J Hurel, B Abuiasha, P H Baylis, P E Harris
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--Myalgic encephalomyelitis is most commonly related to an underlying psychological or psychiatric disturbance.1 2 Shonagh Scott and colleagues report that when general practitioners deal with symptoms consistent with those of myalgic encephalomyelitis their attitude is likely to be influenced by the patient's perception, expectations, and social class.3 It is not uncommon for patients to diagnose myalgic encephalomyelitis themselves before they seek a consultation; this can lead to disruption of the doctor-patient relationship, unsatisfactory consultations, and possibly failure to diagnose any underlying pathological process. We …
Noninvasive Optical Imaging of Firefly Luciferase Reporter Gene Expression in Skeletal Muscles of Living Mice
Authors: Joseph C. Wu, Gobalakrishnan Sundaresan, Meera Iyer, Sanjiv S. Gambhir
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

The ability to monitor reporter gene expression noninvasively offers significant advantages over current techniques such as postmortem tissue staining or enzyme activity assays. Here we demon-strate a novel method of repetitively tracking in vivo gene expression of firefly luciferase (FL) in skeletal muscles of mice using a cooled charged coupled device (CCD) camera. We first show that the cooled CCD camera provides consistent and reproducible results within ±8% standard deviation from mean values, and a detection sensitivity (range tested: 1×104−1×109 plaque form-ing units (pfu)) of 1×106 pfu of E1-deleted adenovirus expressing FL driven by a cytomegalovirus promoter (Ad-CMV-FL). The duration and magnitude of adenoviral mediated (1×109 pfu) FL gene expression were then followed over time. FL gene expression in immunocompetent Swiss Webster mice peaks within the first 48 hours, falls by 98% after 20 days, and persists for >150 days. In contrast, FL activity in nude mice remains elevated for >110 days. Finally, transduced Swiss Webster and nude mice were sacrificed to show that the in vivo CCD signals correlate well with in vitro luciferase enzyme assays (r2=0.91 and 0.96, respectively). Our findings demonstrate the ability of the cooled CCD camera to sensitively and noninvasively track the location, magnitude, and persistence of FL gene expression. Monitoring of gene therapy studies in small animals may be aided considerably with further extensions of this technique.
Health-Related Quality of Life After Colorectal Cancer in England: A Patient-Reported Outcomes Study of Individuals 12 to 36 Months After Diagnosis
Authors: Amy Downing, Eva J.A. Morris, Mike Richards, Jessica Corner, Penny Wright, David Sebag-Montefiore, Paul Finan, Paul Kind, Charlotte Wood, Sarah Lawton, Richard Feltbower, Richard Wagland, Sally Vernon, James Thomas, Adam W. Glaser
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

This population-level study was conducted to define the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of individuals living with and beyond colorectal cancer (CRC) and to identify factors associated with poor health outcomes.All individuals diagnosed with CRC in England in 2010 and 2011 who were alive 12 to 36 months after diagnosis were sent a questionnaire. This included questions related to treatment, disease status, other long-term conditions (LTCs), generic HRQL (EuroQol-5D), and cancer-specific outcomes (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy and Social Difficulties Inventory items).The response rate was 63.3% (21,802 of 34,467 patients). One or more generic health problems were reported by 65% of respondents, with 10% of patients reporting problems in all five domains. The reporting of problems was higher than in the general population and was most marked in those age less than 55 years. Certain subgroups reported a higher number of problems, notably those with one or more other LTCs, those with active or recurrent disease, those with a stoma, and those at the extremes of the age range (< 55 and > 85 years). Of respondents without a stoma, 16.3% reported no bowel control. Reversal of a stoma resulted in fewer severe bowel problems but more moderate problems than those who had never had a stoma. A quarter of rectal cancer respondents (25.1%) reported difficulties with sexual matters (compared with 11.2% of colon cancer respondents).This study demonstrates the success of a national patient-reported outcomes survey. The results have the potential to support system-wide improvement in health outcomes through the identification of particular challenges faced by individuals after treatment for CRC.
P50 A summary of strain typing and clustering of TB in London in 2010 and an analysis of the associated risk factors
Authors: E. Hamblion, E. Wynne-Edwards, C. Anderson, S. R. Anderson
Journal: Thorax (2011)

Since January 2010 prospective strain typing on all positive TB samples able to be cultured has occurred. Recent infection is presumed if the strain of TB isolated from the case is indistinguishable from one or more others in the population studied. Recently infected cases are likely to be part of clusters. All data are currently preliminary. In London from January to September 2010, 2679 cases were reported to the London TB Register, 36% of which were culture confirmed. Of those that were culture confirmed 37% were in a cluster. Adults were more likely to be culture confirmed than children (37% vs 23%). While children may be less likely to be culture confirmed, those who were culture confirmed were more likely to be clustered (and so recently infected). Comparing children (0–15 year olds) to young adults (16–24 year olds), 70% compared to 40% were clustered (OR 3.49, p=0.003). Overall more clustering was noted among males (39% vs 33%, OR 1.28, p=0.08), white (40%) and black-Caribbean (47%) ethnic groups, UK born cases (42% vs 36%), and those with pulmonary (45% vs 30%) and sputum smear positive disease (56% vs 38%). More clustering was seen with those who had social risk factors: history of drug use (46%), homelessness (49%), imprisonment (47%), and alcohol abuse (46%). The majority were in clusters with &lt;5 cases and therefore did not reach the HPA cluster investigation threshold of =5 cases in 24 months. Data will be presented for the entirety of 2010, therefore numbers are subject to change.