tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 333: SFRP4 modulates EMT, cell migration and downstream Wnt signalling in epithelial ovarian cancer.
Authors: Caroline E. Ford, Eve Jary, Sean Ma, Sheri Nixdorf, Viola Heinzelmann-Schwarz, Robyn L. Ward
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Epithelial ovarian cancer is the fifth most common cause of death from all female cancers. This poor overall prognosis results in part from late diagnosis and a current lack of targeted therapy, stemming from the current limited understanding of the initiating events of ovarian carcinogenesis. There is a critical need for the identification of ovarian cancer pathways and targets to aid in diagnosis, as prognostic indicators and as targets for novel therapies. Wnt signalling is essential for crucial components of carcinogenesis and metastasis including differentiation, polarity, migration, adhesion and survival, and hence the role of Wnt signalling in human cancer is increasingly being investigated along with strategies to target pathway components. The Wnt pathway is regulated at multiple levels, with the Wnt antagonists or “gatekeeper proteins” receiving attention in recent years, due to their frequent loss in cancer. Secreted frizzled receptor proteins (SFRPs) are extracellular inhibitors of Wnt signalling that act by binding directly to Wnt ligands or Frizzled receptors, and have been shown to function as tumour suppressors in other cancer types. We have previously shown that one of these inhibitors, SFRP4, is progressively lost in more aggressive ovarian cancer phenotypes, such as Type II cancers (Jacob et al, 2011). Furthermore, patients lacking SFRP4 expression had a poorer prognosis than those expressing SFRP4. Here, we investigated the functional consequences of SFRP4 modulation in ovarian cancer cell lines. Re-expression of SFRP4 resulted in decreased expression of downstream components of Wnt signalling, inhibition of cell migration, and inhibition of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). In parallel, knockdown of SFRP4 resulted in ovarian cells upregulating markers of EMT. These results indicate that modulation of an upstream gatekeeper of Wnt signalling can have dramatic downstream effects on ovarian cancer cell behaviour, as mediated through EMT. This raises the possibility that SFRP4 may be a suitable marker of ovarian carcinogenesis, and that targeting the Wnt signalling pathway may have potential as an ovarian cancer treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 333. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-333
Two cases of pituitary Crooke’s cell adenoma without Cushing’s disease: A histologic, immunocytochemical, electron microscopic andin situ hybridization study
Authors: Kalman Kovacs, Eva Horvath, Lucia Stefaneanu, Juan M. Bilbao, William Singer, Paul Muller, Bernd W. Scheithauer
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (1999)
Prostate-Specific Antigen
Authors: Ruban F. Gittes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

After half a century of clinical application, the usefulness of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) as a marker for carcinoma of the prostate is being challenged. Historically the first of the "serum markers" for the presence of a human cancer,1 acid phosphatase is still measured in clinical laboratories all over the world. The method has changed to incorporate immunoassay techniques — even monoclonal antibodies2 — but the clinical use has not changed. PAP is measured to detect the presence of metastatic disease and to monitor its response to systemic therapy, usually androgen deprivation. Attempts to use PAP assays of increased sensitivity . . .
Prevalence of high cholesterol varies 25-fold
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Men in parts of Europe are up to 25 times more likely to have high cholesterol levels as men in China.

New research shows wide variations in the prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia, from a low of 2% for men in Beijing to a high of 51% in Ticino, Switzerland. When the number of people taking lipid lowering drugs was added to the definition of what constituted the condition, the prevalence rates increased by an average of 1%.

Awareness and treatment also vary widely between countries, according to the research reported in the International Journal of Epidemiology (online publication ahead of print publication).

Although it has been known that rates of high cholesterol differ between populations, …
Official Call
Authors: DWIGHT L. WILBUR
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The reproducibility of 109Cd-based X-ray fluorescence measurements of bone lead.
Authors: C L Gordon, C E Webber, D R Chettle
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

We assessed the reproducibility of X-ray fluorescence-based lead measurements from multiple measurements made on a low-concentration plaster of paris phantom and in five subjects measured five times on two occasions. Over a 6-month period, 220 measurements of the same phantom were obtained and showed a standard deviation of 1.29 micrograms Pb (g plaster of paris)-1. The two sets of in vivo measurements were made 10 months apart and revealed a mean standard deviation of 3.4 micrograms Pb (g bone mineral)-1 and 5.1 micrograms Pb (g bone mineral)-1 for males and females, respectively. Our measured standard deviation exceeded by 20-30% the calculated standard deviation associated with a single measurement both in the phantom and in subjects. This indicates that some variance is introduced during the measurement process. Operator learning and consistency significantly minimized this increased variability. Measured lead concentrations of the left and right tibia in 14 subjects showed no significant differences between legs. As a result, either tibia can be sampled and compared over time. The levels of reproducibility we report here mean that X-ray fluorescence-based determinations of bone lead concentrations are reliable both over the short and long term. Thus, reasonably sized confidence intervals can be placed on detected changes in concentration and should permit acquisition of longitudinal data within a reasonable length of time.
PTG gene deletion causes impaired glycogen synthesis and developmental insulin resistance
Authors: Sean M. Crosson, Ahmir Khan, John Printen, Jeffrey E. Pessin, Alan R. Saltiel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2003)

Protein targeting to glycogen (PTG) is a scaffolding protein that targets protein phosphatase 1α (PP1α) to glycogen, and links it to enzymes involved in glycogen synthesis and degradation. We generated mice that possess a heterozygous deletion of the PTG gene. These mice have reduced glycogen stores in adipose tissue, liver, heart, and skeletal muscle, corresponding with decreased glycogen synthase activity and glycogen synthesis rate. Although young PTG heterozygous mice initially demonstrate normal glucose tolerance, progressive glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance develop with aging. Insulin resistance in older PTG heterozygous mice correlates with a significant increase in muscle triglyceride content, with a corresponding attenuation of insulin receptor signaling. These data suggest that PTG plays a critical role in glycogen synthesis and is necessary to maintain the appropriate metabolic balance for the partitioning of fuel substrates between glycogen and lipid.
Comparison of aerosol ipratropium bromide and salbutamol in chronic bronchitis and asthma.
Authors: G R Petrie, K N Palmer
Journal: BMJ (1975)

The effects of inhaling 200 mu g of salbutamol were compared with those of inhaling 40 mu g of ipratropium bromide singly and in combination with salbutamol in eight patients with bronchitis and eight asthmatic patients in a double-blind controlled trial. Changes in airways resistance were assessed by measuring the forced expiratory volume in 1 second and specific airways conductance. Both drugs were significantly better in relieving airways obstruction than placebo. Salbutamol was significantly more effective than ipratropium bromide in patients with asthma, but in the patients with bronchitis there was no significant difference between salbutamol and ipratropium bromide. The combination of the two drugs produced a slightly greater and longer response than either drug alone but this was not significant.
Magnetic resonance imaging: evaluation of palliative systemic-pulmonary artery shunts.
Authors: M D Jacobstein, B D Fletcher, A D Nelson, M Clampitt, R J Alfidi, T A Riemenschneider
Journal: Circulation (1984)

Eleven patients with a total of 17 palliative systemic-pulmonary artery shunts underwent evaluation by electrocardiogram-gated magnetic resonance imaging (GMRI). GMRI successfully imaged 11 of 17 shunts (65%), including five of nine Blalock-Taussig shunts, four of six Glenn shunts, and both aortopulmonary shunts. All shunts except for the Waterston were imaged on coronal sections during end-systole. The single Waterston shunt was seen on sagittal and transverse scans. Shunt localization and identification were facilitated by obtaining multiple, contiguous sections through the body. Glenn shunts could be imaged entirely in one section, although multiple sections were required to locate the correct plane. Blalock-Taussig shunts generally required multiple sections to image different segments of the shunt. Both aortopulmonary shunts were seen as direct side-to-side connections of the aorta and pulmonary artery. GMRI permitted assessment of the size, course, patency, and distribution of systemic-pulmonary artery shunts as well as the size and morphology of the proximal pulmonary arteries. We conclude that GMRI is a useful, noninvasive method for imaging the anatomy of systemic-pulmonary artery shunts.
SEPTIC DISEASES OF THE KNEE JOINT.
Authors: HY C. H. MAYO
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The great size and peculiar formation of the knee joint, with its many communicating bursæ, render its destruction probable by infection, and the loss of the limb, or life itself, is of comparative frequency. A brief review of the more important of its anatomic features will explain why sepsis is so destructive. The strength of this largest articulation of the body is in its powerful ligaments, which unite its opposing surfaces, articulating only by contact. The bony axis of the limb changes at the knee, the femur slanting inward from above and the tibia being vertical. The lateral ligaments of the joint have the least strength. The posterior are strong and the capsule becomes ligamentous anteriorly. The most powerful and important ligaments of the joint are the crucial. The synovial membrane extends above the patella and beneath the extensor tendon, the cul-de-sac reaching a point one inch or more above
PET/CT Incidental Detection of Bilateral Adrenal Myelolipomas in a Patient With a Huge Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma
Authors: Filip Gemmel, Hester Bruinsma, Peter Oomen, James Collins
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

We report on a male patient, who presented with a locally advanced cancer of the maxillary sinus. For staging purposes, positron emission tomography (PET)/contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) was performed. Incidentally, on the CT portion, bilateral, asymmetric, enlarged adrenal masses were found. Fused PET/CT images demonstrated no significant fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG) uptake in those adrenal masses, consisting mainly of cystic, fatty tissue with septae, and low density tissues. Therefore the combined anatomo-metabolic information of the dedicated hybrid PET/CT study reliably unmasked the masses as adrenal myelolipomas, instead of primary malignant adrenocortical or even metastatic disease, with a major impact on further patient management.
The Staging of Cancer
Authors: DAVID T. CARR
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Editorial Notes1 August 1976The Staging of CancerDAVID T. CARR, M.D., F.A.C.P.DAVID T. CARR, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-85-2-254 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe classification of human illnesses into categories called diagnoses and the estimation of the severity of the disease have always been important functions in the work of the physician. This is now particularly true in the rapidly developing field of medical oncology.The measurement of the extent of a cancer and the classification of patients with cancer into groups with similar extent is called staging. The development of systems for staging cancer at each primary site is one of the purposes of the American Joint Committee for Cancer Staging and End Results Reporting, which was organized in 1959 by the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Oncology Mayo Medical School Rochester, Minnesota PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byNew synthesis of estradiol from androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione"Manual for Staging of Cancer 1977" Now Available 1 August 1976Volume 85, Issue 2Page: 254-254 Issue Published: 1 August 1976 PDF downloadLoading ...
<i>In vitro</i>assessment of equipment and software to assess tidal breathing parameters in infants
Authors: G. Schmalisch, B. Foitzik, R.R. Wauer, J. Stocks
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2001)

The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the measurement accuracy of two currently available devices for measuring tidal breathing in infants. A mechanical model pump was used to generate flow profiles which simulated those observed in infants. A range of flows was applied simultaneously to two different devices, namely the commercially available SensorMedics 2600 (SM 2600) and more recently developed, custom-made equipment based on the flow-through technique (FTT). Automatically derived values from both devices were compared with one another and with manual calculations of printouts of the same breaths. There were no differences in the raw flow signal obtained from the two devices, nor between values calculated automatically or manually from the FTT. Similarly, the deviations between the FTT and SM 2600 were &lt;3% for tidal volume, respiratory frequency and minute ventilation. However, when comparing either with manually calculated values or those derived automatically from the FTT, there was a systematic and highly significant underestimation of shape-dependent parameters, such as the time to peak tidal expiratory flow as a proportion of tidal expiratory time ( t PTEF / t E ), derived by the SM 2600. The lower the applied flow, the higher the observed deviations, the underestimation being up to 60% when flows simulating those observed in preterm neonates were applied. These errors appear to result from differences in signal processing such as the algorithms used for breath detection and can only be detected if appropriate nonsinusoidal flow profiles representing those seen in infants are used to evaluate equipment.
Radionuclide Imaging in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Peter McLaughlin
Journal: JAMA (1976)

OVER the past decade, advances in nuclear cardiology have provided a range of diagnostic tools for the practicing clinician. The development of new radionuclides, high-resolution γ scintillation cameras, and sophisticated small computers have been responsible for improvement in the quality and scope of nuclear cardiologic techniques. The following is a brief review of these techniques, their applications and limitations. <h3>Perfusion Imaging</h3><h3>Normal Myocardium.—</h3> Perfusion imaging of normal myocardium is performed by administration of a radioactive tracer that is extracted by normally functioning myocardial cells. Agents such as thallium 201 exhibit the biological behavior of potassium and presumably are pumped into the cell by activating membranebound (Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>)-adenosine triphosphatase. Their myocardial uptake is dependent on two factors: (1) regional myocardial blood flow and (2) cell function. The normal myocardial image appears homogeneous in count distribution. Areas of decreased uptake in the resting study reflect areas of myocardial fibrosis or infarction
Prevention of Rubella With γ-Globulin
Authors: Charles H. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1967)

The administration of three different lots of γ-globulin was found to significantly reduce the incidence of clinical rubella among recruits at the Naval Training Center, Great Lakes, III, in 1963. The magnitude of the reduction was dependent upon the dose administered, with a dose of 0.0613 ml or greater per pound contributing to the greatest reduction in incidence.
Relevance of Tc-99m DMSA Scintigraphy in Renal Transplant Parenchymal Imaging
Authors: NATASA V. BUDIHNA, METKA MILĈINSKI, MIRA KAJTNA-KOSELJ, MARKO MALOVRH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Tc-99m DMSA renal scintigraphy was performed in 40 renal grafts. Cyclosporin A and glucocorticoids were given to all patients as antirejection therapy, and 11 also were given azathioprine. The kidneys were transplanted 1 to 97 months before the investigation. Seventy percent of kidneys had diffusely altered distribution of Tc-99m DMSA, and 43% had focal clear-cut parenchymal defects. The frequency of parenchymal defects observed on the DMSA scans was higher in patients who suffered manifest acute rejection episodes (8/16 versus 9/24 patients, borderline significance, P < 0.06), but had no relation to the living or cadaveric donor transplant or its function. A combination of peritubular edema and interstitial fibrosis is considered the most probable explanation of diffuse changes. The high frequency of clear-cut parenchymal defects most likely results from symptomatic or asymptomatic rejection episodes complicated by renal transplant infarcts.
Assessment of Coronary Arterial Flow and Flow Reserve in Humans With Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: W. Gregory Hundley, Richard A. Lange, Geoffrey D. Clarke, Benjamin M. Meshack, Jerry Payne, Charles Landau, Roderick McColl, Dany E. Sayad, DuWayne L. Willett, John E. Willard, L. David Hillis, Ronald M. Peshock
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background The noninvasive measurement of absolute epicardial coronary arterial flow and flow reserve would be useful in the evaluation of patients with coronary circulatory disorders. Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) has been used to measure coronary arterial flow in animals, but its accuracy in humans is unknown. Methods and Results Twelve subjects (7 men, 5 women; age, 44 to 67 years) underwent PC-MRI measurements of flow in the left anterior descending coronary artery or one of its diagonal branches at rest and after administration of adenosine (140 μg·kg −1 ·min −1 IV). Immediately thereafter, intracoronary Doppler velocity (IDV) and flow measurements were made during cardiac catheterization at rest and after intravenous administration of adenosine. For the 12 patients, the correlation between MRI and invasive measurements of coronary arterial flow and coronary arterial flow reserve was excellent: coronary flow MRI (mL/min)= 0.85×coronary flow IDV (mL/min)+17 (mL/min), r =.89, and coronary flow reserve MRI =0.79×coronary velocity reserve IDV +0.34, r =.89. For the range of coronary arterial flows (18 to 161 mL/min) measured by MRI, the limit of agreement between MRI and catheterization measurements of flow was −13±30 mL/min; for the range of coronary reserves (0.7 to 3.7) measured by MRI, the limit of agreement between the two techniques was 0.1±0.4. Conclusions Cine velocity-encoded PC-MRI can noninvasively measure absolute coronary arterial flow in the left anterior descending artery in humans. PC-MRI can detect pharmacologically induced changes in coronary arterial flow and can reliably distinguish between those subjects with normal and abnormal coronary artery flow reserve.
REMOVAL OF A PIECE OF STEEL FROM THE GLOBE BY ELECTROMAGNET.
Authors: WALTER B. JOHNSON
Journal: JAMA (1901)

James Andrews, 35 years of age, was presented to me by Dr. William S. Colefax, of Pompton, N. J. March 24, 1900. The patient had received an injury of the eye. While nicking bars with a steel chisel, a chip flew from the bar and struck him in the left eye. The foreign body punctured the globe at the upper third of the cornea, inflicting an oblique wound which extended entirely across the cornea in the superonasal quadrant from limbus to limbus. It passed into the globe through the iris and lens and into the vitreous chamber. The iris was prolapsed and the globe apparently filled with blood. The eye was cocainized and approached with the small end of the magnet devised by the writer; the piece of steel located and as it was engaged by the point of the magnet it was gradually withdrawn, the resistance being very slight.
Clobetasone butyrate, a new topical corticosteroid: clinical activity and effects on pituitary-adrenal axis function and model of epidermal atrophy.
Authors: D D Munro, L Wilson
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Clobetasone butyrate is a new corticosteroid, selected for study because of its combination of good activity in the vasoconstriction test and low systemic activity in animals. Formulated as an 0.05% ointment and cream (Molivate) it was clinically effective in patients with eczema, its activity being significantly greater than that of hydrocortisone 1% or fluocortolone 0.2% (Ultradil). Under conditions that predispose to maximal percutaneous absorption clobetasone butyrate ointment had minimal effect on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function. In an animal model of cutaneous atrophy it caused less thinning of the epidermis than steroids other than hydrocortisone. Clobetasone butyrate 0.05% ointment and cream gave every indication of offering clinically effective topical anti-inflammatory activity with a wide margin of safety.