tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased production of superoxide anion by macrophages exposed in vitro to muramyl dipeptide or lipopolysaccharide.
Authors: M J Pabst, R B Johnston
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

After in vitro exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or muramyl dipeptide (MDP), cultured resident mouse peritoneal macrophages were primed to display enhanced generation of superoxide anion (O2-) in response to stimulation by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or opsonized zymosan. Priming with LPS (1 microgram/ml) produced a sevenfold enhancement of PMA-stimulated O2- generation; priming was detected within 30 min and persisted for at least 4 d. Exposure to MDP (1 muM) primed the macrophages to double their O2- release; the response was first observed after 4 h and persisted for at least 3 d. The priming response was not observed with stereoisomers of MDP, which are inactive as adjuvants. LPS and MDP appeared to work directly on the macrophages rather than indirectly by interacting with adherent lymphocytes: (a) Addition of nonadherent cell populations that contained lymphocytes had no effect on the response. (b) The response was normal with cells from nude mice, which lack mature T lymphocytes. (c) Macrophages from C3H/HeJ mice, whose B lymphocytes fail to respond to LPS, were weak in their response to priming LPS; the addition of normal (C3Heb/FeJ) nonadherent cells had no effect on this weak response. (d) The macrophage-like cell line J774.1 also showed enhanced O2--generating capacity after a 4-h exposure to LPS or MDP. The O2--generating capacity of macrophages primed with LPS in vitro was equivalent to that previously observed with cells elicited in vivo by injection of LPS or activated by infection with Bacille Calmette-Guérin. The data suggest that previous exposure to bacterial products could prime macrophages to respond with increased production of toxic oxygen metabolites on contact with invading microorganisms or tumor cells.
Universities will have to report adverse events in research to higher education funding body, consultation proposes
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Measures to ensure that research in UK universities complies with high standards of integrity have been put out for consultation by the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE).

The consultation seeks answers to two questions. Should the council’s funding be contingent on universities and other higher education institutions abiding by the research integrity concordat published last month?1 And, …
Prone accelerated partial breast irradiation using cone-beam CT (CBCT) guidance.
Authors: SC Lymberis, SJ Becker, D Gidea-Addeo, G Jozsef, KJ DeWyngaert, SC Formenti
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #5136 Introduction: Prone external beam partial breast irradiation when used for a carefully selected subset of patients has been shown to have excellent long term control and cosmesis (Formenti et al. IJROBP 60(2): 493-504 2004). We used Cone-beam CT (CBCT) to visualize the tumor bed target prior to each daily fraction of partial breast irradiation. The purpose of this study is to measure the residual error in soft tissue positioning after alignment based on skin marks and MV portal imaging for patients treated on a prospective prone APBI study (3000cGy in 5 fractions over 5 days).&amp;#x2028; Methods: Twenty-five post-menopausal women with pT1 breast cancer have consented on our NYU partial breast protocol using CBCT. Twenty-three patients have been simulated and treated in the prone position on a specially designed mattress. After initial skin mark setup and alignment, MV portal imaging with shift using the tangent beams eye view was used to optimize setup for the first 6 patients (Group I). For all daily fractions, CBCT was performed with the Varian On-Board Imager kV imaging system with a 35cm field of view and a 2.5mm slice thickness. CBCT was compared with the planning CT to shift the patient and evaluate the residual error in setup. The residual error from CBCT setup after optimal portal imaging was recorded for each patient. For the subsequent 17 patients (Group II), portal imaging was performed without shift to calculate the residual error from CBCT setup representing skin mark setup.&amp;#x2028; Results: At the time of this report, 23 patients have been treated with all 5 fractions. The values for the residual error detected after cone-beam CT for Group I (after skin mark set up and portal imaging) and for Group II (after skin mark setup alone) are compared and shown in Table 1.&amp;#x2028; Conclusions: In this preliminary study with a small number of patients, the residual error was minimal, around 2 mm. Therefore, for patients immobilized on our customized mattress, a reproducible and accurate prone APBI setup can be achieved with use of CBCT. However, given the very small residual error detected clinicians should be weary of indiscriminant use of CBCT for PBI. Concerns over contralateral breast dose and carcinogenic risk should limit the routine use of CBCT imaging for breast radiotherapy unless larger studies demonstrate improved accuracy of treatment delivery with CBCT.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5136.
Effectiveness of unsupervised and supervised high intensity physical training in normalizing serum lipids in men with type iv hyperlipoproteinemia.
Authors: R M Lampman, J T Santinga, D R Bassett, N Mercer, W O Block, J D Flora, M L Foss, W G Thorland
Journal: Circulation (1978)

The effect of high intensity physical training (HIPT), conducted in an unsupervised (group A) or supervised (group B) setting, was studied in 23 middle-aged men with Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP). Following 10 weeks of HIPT intervention, significant metabolic changes were observed such as reductions in both fasting triglyceride and insulin levels, but no changes in fasting serum cholesterol or glucagon levels were found. Other favorable results noted included a significant improvement in physical fitness, as measured by increases in aerobic power, and a decrease in body fatness with only minimal weight losses. There were no significant differences in the results when groups A and B were compared. It was concluded that HIPT is an effective means of lowering fasting triglyceride and insulin levels in Type IV HLP individuals. In addition, such physical training programs can be conducted in either an unsupervised or supervised setting, provided the subjects are highly motivated.
Galactorrhea in a Man With Normal Testicular Function
Authors: Roshan S. Hulugalle
Journal: JAMA (1978)

GALACTORRHEA in men is a rare disorder. Men with galactorrhea associated with pituitary tumors and hyperprolactinemia have been described to be clinically hypogonadal.<sup>1</sup> We report the case of a man with a prolactin-secreting pituitary tumor who had normal gonadal function. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 28-year-old unmarried man was admitted to the Northport (NY) Veterans Administration Hospital in April 1976 with a 6 1/2-year history of milky discharge from both nipples. He complained of occasional right-sided headaches, but denied decreased libido, impotence, or visual disturbance. The patient has had bronchial asthma for the past five years, treated intermittently with hydroxyzine hydrochloride, theophylline, and ephedrine sulfate (Marax); theophylline and guaifenesin (Quibron); iodine drops; and prednisone. He denied taking these medications in the last two weeks before admission. On physical examination, the patient was 1.9 m tall and weighed 109 kg. His pulse rate was 70 beats per minute and regular;
Acute exanthem and pancreatic panniculitis in a patient with primary HIV infection and haemophagocytic syndrome
Authors: J.A. MARTÍNEZ-ESCRIBANO, F. PEDRO, V. SABATER, E. QUECEDO, V. NAVARRO, A. ALIAGA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

We report a patient with an acute infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), who initially presented due to a mononucleosis-like illness that included a rash on the upper trunk and limbs, and oral ulceration. The patient developed a haemophagocytic syndrome with severe systemic involvement. Three weeks after the initial presentation, lesions of a pancreatic panniculitis appeared on both legs.
Non-invasive management of acute respiratory distress syndrome related to Influenza A (H1N1) virus pneumonia in a pregnant woman
Authors: Michel Djibré, Nadia Berkane, Anne Salengro, Edouard Ferrand, Michel Denis, Ludivine Chalumeau-Lemoine, Antoine Parrot, Charles Mayaud, Muriel Fartoukh
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2009)
Hypoglycemic Stupor Caused by Acetohexamide
Authors: Jocelyn Dougherty
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

THE following case presents an interesting problem in the differential diagnosis of stupor from hypoglycemia masquerading as collapse with pulmonary edema.M.J., a 39-year-old semicomatose Negro, was admitted to the emergency room of the Kansas City Veterans Administration Hospital with red froth pouring from the mouth. As his clothes were being removed, several yellow tablets fell from his pockets; they were identified as acetohexamide (Dymelor), an orally administered hypoglycemic agent. His wife arrived soon afterward and expressed the opinion that he would not take pills without her knowledge.An earlier hospital record revealed that he had had acute rheumatic fever, . . .
Retreatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Mitchell L. Shiffman
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Significant advances have been made in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection during the past 5 years. As a consequence, there is continuing enthusiasm for retreating patients who did not achieve sustained virological response (SVR) with previous therapy. Retreatment of non-responders to standard interferon monotherapy using interferon and ribavirin has yielded SVR rates of 12% to 15%. Retreatment with peginterferon and ribavirin has been more effective; achieving SVR rates of 34% to 40%. Retreatment of patients who relapsed after interferon monotherapy using standard interferon and ribavirin yielded SVR rates of 47%, whereas retreatment with peginterferon and ribavirin resulted in an SVR rate of about 60%. The major factors associated with a higher likelihood of an SVR after retreatment include previous relapse, previous treatment with interferon monotherapy, HCV genotypes 2 or 3, lower serum levels of HCV RNA, and having a significant decrease in HCV RNA levels during the initial course of therapy. These results help to focus retreatment with peginterferon and ribavirin on subsets of patients who are most likely to benefit.
Ursodeoxycholic acid for the prevention of hepatic complications in allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Tapani Ruutu, Britta Eriksson, Kari Remes, Eeva Juvonen, Liisa Volin, Mats Remberger, Terttu Parkkali, Hans Hägglund, Olle Ringdén
Journal: Blood (2002)
SYPHILIS COMMUNICATED BY INDUSTRIAL IMPLEMENTS
Authors: S. Snell
Journal: BMJ (1908)

2) much pain to the patient, and the waste of valuable and irredeemable time.In popular language, the cancer is still where it was originally, but grown bigger; and "the roots " extend from the growth under the armpit right up to the neck.In my opinion, the "cure" is worse than a farce, and one may ask how is suffering humanity to be saved from the tragedy of self-destruction by faith in these direful miracles.
Complications Following Colonoscopy With Anesthesia Assistance
Authors: Gregory S. Cooper, Tzuyung D. Kou, Douglas K. Rex
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Deep sedation for endoscopic procedures has become an increasingly used option but, because of impairment in patient response, this technique also has the potential for a greater likelihood of adverse events. The incidence of these complications has not been well studied at a population level.
SPECIAL ARTICLE
Authors: J. VON DER GROEBEN
Journal: Circulation (1967)

The diagnostic classification of the ECG waveform can be performed either by visual inspection of the electrocardiogram or by a set of mathematical-statistical decision rules programmed into a computer. It can be demonstrated that if the visual inspection technique is used, the 12-lead ECG will be superior to three scalar orthogonal vectorcardiographic leads. Plane projection vector loops lack accurate data display. If computer techniques are used, suitable decision regions of the instantaneous heart vector will provide accurate decision rules on a three-lead system. Neither the 12-lead system nor the three-orthogonal lead system makes use of all the information available on the body surface. A detailed electrical torso mapping would be required if this information proves to be of diagnostic significance. Misclassification in electrocardiographic diagnosis may be due to (1) failure of electrical events to reflect hemodynamic, anatomic, or biochemical changes; (2) loss of information between the cardiac generator and the body surface; (3) inadequate data display; (4) inadequate mathematical-statistical decision regions; and (5) insufficient number of teaching samples or inadequate independent evidence.
Intraphagolysosomal pH in canine and rat alveolar macrophages: flow cytometric measurements.
Authors: P Heilmann, W Beisker, U Miaskowski, P Camner, W G Kreyling
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

Intracellular dissolution of inhaled inorganic particles is an important clearance mechanism of the lung and occurs in phagolysosomal vacuoles of phagocytes. Flow cytometric measurements of intraphagolysosomal pH in alveolar macrophages (AM) obtained from beagle dogs, Wistar rats, and from a baboon were made using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled amorphous silica particles (FSP). AM were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. FSP were phagocytized by AM in cell suspensions incubated in full media for 24 hr up to 6 days. Dual laser flow cytometry was performed and six-parameter list mode data were recorded from forward scatter, side scatter, and fluorescence intensities at 530 nm excited at 457 nm and 488 nm as well as logarithmic fluorescence intensity at wavelengths 630 nm excited at 488 nm. In this way it was possible to discriminate viable AM with phagocytized FSP from lysing AM with phagocytized FSP and from cells without FSP and from free FSP. Viable cells were distinguished from lysing cells by staining with propidium iodide immediately before the flow cytometric measurement. A calibration curve for the pH value was determined from FSP suspended in buffered media at pH values ranging from 3.5 to 7.5. First flow cytometrical results indicated that after an incubation time of 24 hr, the mean intraphagolysosomal pH of viable AM was 4.7 +/- 0.3 for dogs and 5.1 +/- 0.5 for rats. The intraphagolysosomal pH of the baboon AM was 4.5.
The Healer Image
Authors: Roy J. Popkin
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I believe that in this ultrascientific period many of us are losing sight of the "Healer Image" given to us by the patient. Granted the profession has new and effective tools such as antibiotics, antidiabetics, isotopes, and a host of others producing excellent therapeutic results, we are often at a loss to explain the efficacy of placebos or the discrepencies in results obtained in many cases, such as with anticoagulants in myocardial infarction or vasodilators in peripheral vascular diseases. There are many other controversial therapies in medicine. A recent newspaper article extols the virtues of the computer diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Many of us look down upon the successful ethical physician whose method of treatment does not bring the desired results in other hands. Many physicians give the patient more time, show more interest, and are more considerate of him—and have an increased percentage of good results.
Helicobacter pylori and Peptic Ulcer
Authors: Abraham M. Y. Nomura
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 March 1995Helicobacter pylori and Peptic UlcerAbraham M. Y. Nomura, Po-Huang Chyou, and Martin J. BlaserAbraham M. Y. NomuraSearch for more papers by this author, Po-Huang ChyouSearch for more papers by this author, and Martin J. BlaserSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-5-199503010-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We appreciate Dr. Pilote's concerns. First, the patients' disease status (duodenal or gastric ulcer) at entry in the cohort was known. As stated in the Methods section of our article, 481 patients (of a cohort of 5924 men) with previous gastrectomy or a previous diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease were excluded from the study. It is standard practice in a cohort study to exclude persons who, at baseline, have the disease being investigated. Consequently, study participants who were known to have peptic ulcer from their interview or from review of hospital records were not included in our study.... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 March 1995Volume 122, Issue 5Page: 394-395KeywordsCohort studiesGastrectomyGastric ulcersHelicobacter pyloriInfectious disease controlPeptic ulcers ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 March 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Enhanced hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in hypertension.
Authors: M D Guazzi, M Alimento, M Berti, C Fiorentini, C Galli, G Tamborini
Journal: Circulation (1989)

In this study, we tested the hypothesis that hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction may be enhanced in systemic hypertension. The hypothesis took origin from the following two considerations: alveolar hypoxia constricts the pulmonary vessels by enhancing the Ca2+ penetration across sarcolemma of the smooth muscle cells and systemic high blood pressure is associated with an elevation of tone and reactivity of the lung vessels, which seems to depend on an excessive cytosol free Ca2+ concentration due to alterations in sodium handling and in the Na+-Ca2+ exchange system. These considerations suggest the possibility that the disorders in the biochemistry of smooth muscle contraction in hypertension facilitate the rise of cytosol Ca2+ concentration during alveolar hypoxia, thus resulting in a potentiation of the vasoconstrictor properties of this stimulus. In 43 hypertensive and 17 normotensive men, pulmonary arteriolar resistance has been evaluated during air respiration and after 15 minutes of breathing 17%, 15%, and 12% oxygen in nitrogen. Curves relating changes in pulmonary arteriolar resistance to oxygen breathing contents had similar configuration in the two populations but in hypertension were steeper and significantly shifted to the left, reflecting a lower threshold and an enhanced reactivity. This pattern was not related to differences in severity of the hypoxic stimulus, plasma catecholamine concentration, or hypocapnia and respiratory alkalosis induced by hypoxia and probably was not mediated through alpha-receptor activation. Calcium channel blockade with nifedipine was able to almost abolish both the normotensive and the hypertensive pulmonary vasoconstriction reaction. These findings support the hypothesis that hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction may be enhanced in systemic hypertension.
Pharmacological Management of Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Donald R. Coustan
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

OBJECTIVE—To provide a review of the background literature regarding the pharmacological management of gestational diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This is a literature review. RESULTS—Information is available regarding the use of some, but not all, oral antidiabetes agents in pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS—Available evidence supports the use of glyburide during pregnancy. Evidence is inadequate to support or refute the use of metformin, an agent that has been shown to cross the placenta and thus could be helpful or harmful to the developing fetus.
What Have I Done?
Authors: Thomas M. Gill
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

On Being a Doctor15 April 1992What Have I Done?Thomas M. Gill, MDThomas M. Gill, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-116-8-691 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Excerpt"There's a code on 2 North!" a nurse with a high-pitched voice shouts from across the room.I remove my stethoscope from the barrel chest of a middle-aged smoker. He had arrived at the emergency room of the local VA Hospital a few minutes before, in the early hours of a rainy, Pacific Northwest morning. Rubbing the vestiges of sleep from my eyes, I follow the nurse who had located me. Earlier in my training I may have raced to the scene, my pulse pounding and my mind muddled. But now I'm a grizzled warrior, not unlike these previously gallant...Reference1. MurphyMurrayRobinsonCampion DABE. Outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the elderly. Ann Intern Med. 1989;111:199-205. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Thomas M. Gill, MDAffiliations: Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT 06510 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 April 1992Volume 116, Issue 8Page: 691-691KeywordsComputed axial tomographyEmergency departmentHeart rateNursesSleepThorax ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 April 1992 Copyright & Permissions©1992 American College of PhysiciansPDF downloadLoading ...
Fanconi anemia proteins interact with CtBP1 and modulate the expression of the Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1
Authors: Caroline C. Huard, Cédric S. Tremblay, Kathrin Helsper, Marie-Chantal Delisle, Detlev Schindler, Georges Lévesque, Madeleine Carreau
Journal: Blood (2013)

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetic disorder characterized by congenital abnormalities, bone marrow failure, and increased susceptibility to cancer. Of the fifteen FA proteins, Fanconi anemia group C (FANCC) is one of eight FA core complex components of the FA pathway. Unlike other FA core complex proteins, FANCC is mainly localized in the cytoplasm, where it is thought to function in apoptosis, redox regulation, cytokine signaling, and other processes. Previously, we showed that regulation of FANCC involved proteolytic processing during apoptosis. To elucidate the biological significance of this proteolytic modification, we searched for molecular interacting partners of proteolytic FANCC fragments. Among the candidates obtained, the transcriptional corepressor protein C-terminal binding protein-1 (CtBP1) interacted directly with FANCC and other FA core complex proteins. Although not required for stability of the FA core complex or ubiquitin ligase activity, CtBP1 is essential for proliferation, cell survival, and maintenance of chromosomal integrity. Expression profiling of CtBP1-depleted and FA-depleted cells revealed that several genes were commonly up- and down-regulated, including the Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1 (DKK1). These findings suggest that FA and Wnt signaling via CtBP1 could share common effectors.
Genetic heterogeneity of BCR/ABL+ adult B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: impact on the clinical, biological and immunophenotypical disease characteristics
Authors: D Primo, M D Tabernero, J J Perez, A Rasillo, J M Sayagués, A B Espinosa, M C Lopez-Berges, R García-Sanz, N C Gutierrez, J M Hernandez, M Romero, C S Osuna, M Giralt, M Barbon, J F San Miguel, A Orfao
Journal: Leukemia (2005)