tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Primary medical care in former East Germany: the frosty winds of change.
Authors: U. Freudenstein, G. Borgwardt
Journal: BMJ (1992)

In October 1990 East and West Germany were re- united.Economic pressures, civil unrest, and the decision of the leadership of the USSR not to back further repression brought down the East German government.With Soviet consent reunification became possible.This seemed the best of all worlds for stability in central Europe and freedom and prosperity for the East Germans.However, the path to such bliss turned out to be thornier than many imagined.East Germany had to accept that virtually all legal, administrative, and political structures would be changed according to the West German model.Unemployment, short time working, and migration to the western part (especially of skilled workers) are some of the problems plaguing the five new federal states.Restructuring the health service might not have been considered the biggest problem under these circumstances, but the structure of eastern Germany's health service differed greatly from its western counter- part.Some of its elements were considered positive by trade unions and social democrats in western Germany and by most in the east.Changes would immediately affect large numbers of people.Time for preparation and negotiation was very short between the opening of borders in 1989 and the final decision to reunite the countries in 1990.The health service and its re- structuring were more controversial than many other equally fundamental changes.
Abstract B54: Role of inverted Alu repeats in triggering <i>TMPRSS2-ERG</i> fusions in prostate cancer following irradiation
Authors: Sheetal Singh, Jean P. Cheung, Bay Ho, Andrew Vaughan, Paramita Ghosh
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Radical Prostatectomy and radiation therapy are the two most common treatments for primary prostate cancer (PCa). However, patients treated with radiotherapy are at greater risk for metastases compared to those treated with radical prostatectomy. Among other factors regulating biochemical or clinical recurrence is the formation of gene fusions. Ionizing radiation (IR) can trigger formation of TMPRSS2-ERG in PCa which may facilitate the development of more aggressive clones, especially in men with an intact androgen axis. Bioinformatics analysis has indicated that breakpoint regions of TMPRSS2 and ERG are rich in Alu elements, including inverted Alu repeat that are inherently unstable when in close proximity. Previous work in multiple cell lines showed that adjacent inverted Alu repeats, but not tandem or single Alu's, are recombinationally unstable subsequent to IR exposure. Based on these results, we hypothesize that regions containing inverted Alu repeats in the prostate genome are vulnerable to DNA strand breaks and rearrangements in hormone naïve PCa patients undergoing IR therapy. As gene fusions require each gene to be broken prior to fusion, the effect of irradiation on ERG fragmentation was studied using ligation mediated-PCR. Data from two androgen-sensitive PCa cell lines, PC-346C and LNCaP, showed that after irradiation DNA breaks were introduced preferentially in proximity to an Alu inverted repeat, Alu-Y pair, in intron 3 of ERG. To determine if the enhanced fragmentation observed in this region is translated into rearrangements, FISH (fluorescence in-situ hybridization) probes were designed to bracket the area of interest in ERG. In addition, the same region has been analyzed by inverse-PCR to detect ERG rearrangements. Application of these techniques will enable a better understanding of those mechanisms driving the formation of fusion genes in the proximity of Alu repeats.
Expression of different members of heat shock protein 70 gene family in liver and hepatomas
Authors: Gaetano Cairo, Luisa Schiaffonati, Emilia Rappocciolo, Lorenza Tacchini, Aldo Bernelli-Zazzera
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

The levels of expression of some genes of the HSP 70 family have been assessed in rat liver and in a series of transplantable hepatomas with different growth rates, subjected to heat shock in vivo. For this purpose, the mRNAs for the constitutive cognate HSC 73, the heat-inducible HSP 70 and the glucose-regulated GRP 78 have been analyzed by: (i) translation in reticulocyte lysates; (ii) hybrid-selected translation, and (iii) Northern blot analysis. In comparison with the liver, the fastgrowing 3924A hepatoma has an increased constitutive amount of HSC 73 mRNA and a lower induction of HSP 70 mRNA after heat shock. The behavior of the 9618A slow-growing hepatoma is more similar to that of the liver, indicating that the changes detected in the fastgrowing hepatoma are correlated to the high growth rate of the tumor rather than to carcinogenesis. This conclusion is reinforced by the results obtained with Yoshida AH-130 cells, growing at two different rates imposed by the environment in which they develop. When the Yoshida hepatoma grows rapidly in the peritoneal cavity, constitutive expression of HSC 73 mRNA is high and the inducibility of HSP 70 mRNA is poor: the opposite occurs when the tumor grows slowly in the subcutaneous compartment. The amount of GRP 78 mRNA increases progressively from the liver to the fast-growing hepatoma. The level of HSC 73 mRNA seems to correlate with the methylation state of the corresponding gene.
Forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in six seconds as predictors of reduced total lung capacity
Authors: J. Vandevoorde, S. Verbanck, D. Schuermans, L. Broekaert, D. Devroey, J. Kartounian, W. Vincken
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

The present study aims to derive guidelines that identify patients for whom spirometry can reliably predict a reduced total lung capacity (TLC). A total of 12,693 lung function tests were analysed on Caucasian subjects, aged 18-70 yrs. Restriction was defined as a reduced TLC. Lower limits of normal (LLN) for TLC were obtained from the European Respiratory Society recommended reference equations. Reference equations from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III were used for forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in six seconds (FEV(6)). The performance of FVC and FEV(6) to predict the presence of restriction was studied as follows: 1) using two-by-two (2x2) tables; and 2) by logistic regression analysis. Both analyses were performed in obstructive (defined as forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1))/FVC or FEV(1)/FEV(6) <LLN) and nonobstructive subgroups, and separately for males and females. The 2x2 tables showed generally low positive and high negative predictive values for FVC or FEV(6) below their LLN in predicting a reduced TLC. Logistic regression analysis showed that in nonobstructive subjects, restriction can be positively predicted if FVC or FEV(6) is <55% predicted (males) or <40% pred (females). Restriction can be ruled out if FVC or FEV in six seconds is >100% pred (males) or >85% pred (females). In obstructive patients, spirometry cannot reliably diagnose a concomitant restrictive defect, but it can rule out restriction for patients with forced vital capacity or forced expiratory volume in six seconds >85% pred (males) or >70% pred (females).
Traitement des fistules anopérinéales dans la maladie de Crohn par injection d'une colle biologique: résultats d'un essai contrôlé randomisé
Authors: JC Grimaud, N Munoz-Bongrand, L Siproudhis, L Abramowitz, A Senejoux, V Vitton, L Gambiez, B Flourie, X Hebuterne, E Louis, B Coffin, V de Parades, E Lerebours, JF Contou, R Ganansia, Y Bouhnik, JF Colombel, JY Mary, M Lemann
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

L'injection d'une colle biologique (CB) est une option nouvelle pour les fistules anales. Cette technique est simple et peut être répétée sans altérer la continence anale. Son efficacité dans la maladie de Crohn (MC) était peu évaluée. Le but de cet essai randomisé, contrôlé, multicentrique, était d'évaluer l'efficacité et l'innocuité d'une CB (mélange de fibrine, facteur XIII, thrombine et aprotinine bovine) injectée dans les trajets fistuleux de patients (pts) atteints de MC.
Long-Term Outcomes after Repeat Doses of Antenatal Corticosteroids
Authors: Ronald J. Wapner, Yoram Sorokin, Lisa Mele, Francee Johnson, Donald J. Dudley, Catherine Y. Spong, Alan M. Peaceman, Kenneth J. Leveno, Fergal Malone, Steve N. Caritis, Brian Mercer, Margaret Harper, Dwight J. Rouse, John M. Thorp, Susan Ramin, Marshall W. Carpenter, Steven G. Gabbe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Previous trials have shown that repeat courses of antenatal corticosteroids improve some neonatal outcomes in preterm infants but reduce birth weight and increase the risk of intrauterine growth restriction. We report long-term follow-up results of children enrolled in a randomized trial comparing single and repeat courses of antenatal corticosteroids. Women at 23 through 31 weeks of gestation who remained pregnant 7 days after an initial course of corticosteroids were randomly assigned to weekly courses of betamethasone, consisting of 12 mg given intramuscularly and repeated once at 24 hours, or an identical-appearing placebo. We studied the children who were born after these treatments when they were between 2 and 3 years of corrected age. Prespecified outcomes included scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, anthropometric measurements, and the presence of cerebral palsy. A total of 556 infants were available for follow-up; 486 children (87.4%) underwent physical examination and 465 (83.6%) underwent Bayley testing at a mean (+/-SD) corrected age of 29.3+/-4.6 months. There were no significant differences in Bayley results or anthropometric measurements. Six children (2.9% of pregnancies) in the repeat-corticosteroid group had cerebral palsy as compared with one child (0.5% of pregnancies) in the placebo group (relative risk, 5.7; 95% confidence interval, 0.7 to 46.7; P=0.12). Children who had been exposed to repeat as compared with single courses of antenatal corticosteroids did not differ significantly in physical or neurocognitive measures. Although the difference was not statistically significant, the higher rate of cerebral palsy among children who had been exposed to repeat doses of corticosteroids is of concern and warrants further study. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00015002 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
Cardiac resynchronization reverses left ventricular remodeling and reduces cytokine activation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and left bundle branch block
Authors: Luigi Padeletti, Maria Cristina Porciani, Andrea Colella, Paolo Pleragnoli, Alessandra Sabini, Nichola Musilli, Cristina Tosti Guerra, Sergio Cavaglia, Susan Madden Vadnais, Kathryn E. Hilpisch, Francesco DeSeta, Michael R. Hill
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Delayed Radioiodine Organification in Plummer??s Disease
Authors: CHARLES M. INTENZO, CHAN H. PARK, SUNG M. KIM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Hyperfunctioning thyroid adenomas causing thyrotoxicosis (Plummer's disease) is not an uncommon cause of hyperthyroidism in the elderly. Most commonly, the adenoma appears as a so-called "hot" nodule on thyroid scintigraphy causing suppression (i.e., nonvisualization) of the remainder of the gland. This report describes a case of Plummer's disease in an elderly patient in whom the toxic nodule primarily responsible for causing the hyperthyroidism became scintigraphically apparent at 96 hours after I-131 therapeutic ablation.
The Doctor in Literature: Satisfaction or Resentment?
Authors: Marvin J. Stone
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Medical Writings: Book Notes6 September 2005The Doctor in Literature: Satisfaction or Resentment?Marvin J. Stone, MDMarvin J. Stone, MDFrom Baylor Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-143-5-200509060-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Posen S. 304 pages. Oxford: Radcliffe Publishing; 2005. £29.95. ISBN 1857756096. Order at www.radcliffe-oxford.com.Field of medicine: Primary care and specialties.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Medical students and physicians.Purpose: To provide examples of recurring themes in literature that deal with physician attitudes and the physician–patient relationship.Content: This annotated anthology contains approximately 1500 citations from 600 fictional sources (novels, short stories, plays, and poems) that describe physician–patient interaction in various settings. The book is organized by subjects, including the physician's fee, time, bedside manner, history, and physical examination; explanations; treatment successes and failures; the “correct” degree of detachment; irrational ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Baylor Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 6 September 2005Volume 143, Issue 5Page: 396KeywordsResearch ethicsSocial statusSoftware tools ePublished: 6 September 2005 Issue Published: 6 September 2005 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Aortic wall rupture from a mediastinal tumor invasion diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound
Authors: Mihai Rimbaş, Fabia Attili, Alberto Larghi
Journal: Endoscopy (2015)

Rupture of the aorta from tumor infiltration is a rare event, described in only a few case reports to date [1] [2] [3] [4]. It represents a life-threatening condition with the prognosis strongly dependent on its early recognition, which allows life-saving emergency interventional therapeutic procedures to be performed [5].
Tetracycline-regulated cardiac gene expression in vivo.
Authors: G I Fishman, M L Kaplan, P M Buttrick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Tight regulation of foreign genes expressed in vivo would facilitate studies of many biologic processes and would be useful for gene transfer-based therapies. To test the ability of a tetracycline-regulated gene expression system to function in vivo, we directly injected chimeric tet repressor-VP16 transactivator expression plasmids and luciferase target genes into the hearts of adult rats. Cardiac luciferase activity increased over two orders of magnitude in response to small changes in input tetracycline-controlled transactivator DNA. Transactivation was repressed to background levels by subtherapeutic concentrations of tetracycline in a dose-dependent manner. Target gene expression could be rapidly and reversibly controlled by manipulating antibiotic administration. This system may be particularly useful for in vivo studies of gene function or gene therapies where the timing or extent of expression are critical variables.
AN OCULAR METHOD FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF HEART BLOCKAND FOR THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF AURICULAR AND VENTRICULAR IMPULSES.
Authors: G. W. McCASKEY
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Owing to the clinical and experimental investigations of Krehl, Engelmann, Hering, Erlanger, MacKenzie, Aschoff, Tawara and others, the more exact diagnosis of cardiac disease has become both possible and imperative. Among the questions of vital importance in certain forms of cardiac disease is the synchronicity or time relations between the movements of the auricle and ventricle. Under normal conditions the cardiac cycle begins with the auricular contraction, the impulse from which is transmitted through the bundle of His to the ventricle which should contract in a certain average time after the auricle. While there are those still who believe that the ventricle contracts from other causes, such, for instance, as distension with blood, the evidence seems to me to be entirely conclusive that its normal excitation is received through the conducting fibers above referred to, although an inherent rhythmicity of the ventricular wall is certainly a reserve mechanism, while it
Blood Supply of the Femoral Head
Authors: M. Harty
Journal: BMJ (1953)

MBDICAL JOURNAL is partly explicable by the desire to find very early cases of a disease in which the earliest symptoms and signs are not usually clearly defined.(c) Inter-observer Error in Reading Characteristic X-ray Changes, of Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Hands and Feet.-Two observers from the Manchester Rheumatism Research Centre kindly read the films of the hands and feet of the 20 cases with typical " rheumatoid" chest x-ray films.Their readings are plotted against each other in Table V.In read-
Failure of H 11 to Inhibit Growth of Tumours in Mice
Authors: W. E. Gye, R. J. Ludford, H. Barlow
Journal: BMJ (1943)

MEDICAL JOURNALto the purely degenerative character of the lesions make this term seem preferable to encephalopathy or encephalosis.)Bacteriology.-Cultures from brain, heart, and right and left lung were all sterile at the end of 72 hours.VirAi Studies.-Thefollowing virus studies were negative: (1) Lung tissues were inoculated into twelve mice, one rabbit, and one guinea- pig intranasally by Major T. F. McNair Scott, M.C., U.S.A.(2) Glycerinated lung tissues were inoculated into cotton-rats and were reported as non-effective by Dr. C. H. Andrewes, National Research -Institute, Hampstead.(3) Brain tissues were inoculated by Major McNair Scott intracerebrally into six mice, one rabbit, one guinea-pig, and one hamster.The rabbit died with encephalitozoon infection on the fifth day after inoculation. Discussion
Cushing's Syndrome with Accessory Adrenocortical Tissue
Authors: William R. Chaffee
Journal: JAMA (1963)

FUNCTIONAL SIGNIFICANCE of accessory adrenocortical tissue has been considered unlikely by most authorities. Soffer et al 1 state that it is a question as yet unanswered... as to whether these accessory bodies could be sufficiently functional under suitable circumstances. Graham 2 mentions a patient who after receiving large amounts of corticotropin (ACTH) showed marked thickening and vacuolation of the cortical tissue in both the normal adrenals and an accessory adrenal gland at autopsy. He states that this suggests the ability of such accessory cortical tissue to respond to the stimulus of corticotropin.  We have had the opportunity to study a patient who showed continued classical Cushing's syndrome after bilateral total adrenalectomy. A large accessory adrenal gland was then discovered and removed with resultant clinical improvement and frank adrenal insufficiency. He died 18 months later from a superior mediastinal malignancy. This case is of unusual interest since the authors know of
Impairment of skin prick test response to house dust mite antigens in schistosoma mansoni infected subjects highly exposed to house dust mite allergens
Authors: Manoel Medeiros, Silvia Terra, Deise Silva, Joanemile Figueiredo, Maria Cecília Almeida, Maria Ilma Araujo, Welma Amorim, Ricardo Pinho, Ernesto Taketomi, Edgar Carvalho
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Epidemiology of Cancer of the Cervix
Authors: Frank B. Berry
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I should like to congratulate you and your staff on the fine leading editorial, "Epidemiology of Cancer of the Cervix," inThe Journal, Dec. 3, 1960, page 1852. A former resident and friend of mine, now professor of surgery at the Christian Medical College in Ludhiana, Punjab, India, told me two years ago about not only the much lower incidence of carcinoma of the cervix in Moslems as compared with Hindus but also the similarly lower incidence of carcinoma of the penis among Moslems. The clinic and hospital there treat many patients from both groups. Might I suggest another step? I see no reason why we should not have preventive surgery as well as preventive medicine. During the war years when I was chief of surgery at the Ninth Evacuation Hospital and later surgical consultant of the Seventh Army, I always asked the various medical groups and
Lot-Release Criteria, Postlicensure Quality Control. and the Haemophilus influenzae Type b Conjugate Vaccines
Authors: William Egan
Journal: JAMA (1995)

In the United States, vaccines are licensed by the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) of the Food and Drug Administration on the basis of their demonstrated safety and efficacy and the demonstrated ability of the manufacturer to produce a consistent product. After licensure, vaccines are generally released to the market on a lot-by-lot basis, following CBER's review of lot-release testing results. A lot is released only if it meets all predefined specifications. A discussion of US vaccine regulation was published recently by Parkman and Hardegree.<sup>1</sup> See also p 849. As reported in this issue ofTHE Journal,<sup>2</sup>during studies of the interchangeability of licensed<i>Haemophilus influenzae</i>type b (Hib) polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines, Anderson et al found that a lot of Hib vaccine with the capsular polysaccharide conjugated to the meningococcal outer membrane protein complex (PedvaxHib, Merck and Co, West Point, Pa) produced lower than expected immune
Simultaneous aortic, jugular bulb, and right atrial pressures during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in humans. Insights into mechanisms.
Authors: N A Paradis, G B Martin, M G Goetting, J M Rosenberg, E P Rivers, T J Appleton, R M Nowak
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Pressure gradients across and between the head and chest were studied during mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in 22 humans. Patients in medical cardiac arrest, managed by ACLS guidelines, underwent placement of aortic arch (Ao), jugular venous bulb (JVB), and right atrial (RA) catheters. Simultaneous pressures were measured, and intercatheter gradients were calculated. The JVB to RA pressure difference is the gradient between the cervical and central venous circulations. It was negative when averaged throughout the CPR cycle and was more negative during compression than relaxation, -19 +/- 12 and -2 +/- 6 mm Hg, respectively. This indicates that the intrathoracic pressure rise was not transmitted to the jugular venous system, supporting the concept of a competent jugular valve mechanism during CPR. It is consistent with the thoracic pump model of cerebral perfusion. JVB to RA was positive only during early relaxation, allowing blood return from the head. The Ao to JVB gradient, although not equal to cerebral perfusion pressure, is the maximum potential pressure gradient for blood flow across the cerebral vasculature. It was positive throughout CPR, 25 +/- 17 during compression, and 9 +/- 10 mm Hg during relaxation. The Ao to RA gradient during the relaxation phase is CPR coronary perfusion pressure. In most patients, it was minimally positive in both phases of the CPR cycle: 7 +/- 14 in compression and 7 +/- 9 mm Hg during relaxation. This appears to be inadequate in providing sufficient blood flow to meet the metabolic needs of the myocardium. Four patients had larger gradients during compression suggestive of cardiac compression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)