tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cooling, then culling blood complexes combats arthritis
Authors: Harriet Page
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Apheresis to treat patients with rheumatoid arthritis continues to intrigue investigators, although the procedure is considered experimental and the subset of patients who may benefit needs to be identified. In one trial reported at the Pan-American Congress of Rheumatology in Washington, DC, a variation called cryopheresis that is used to remove circulating immune complexes achieved "significant improvement in clinical parameters" in 14 of 16 patients whose conditions previously had failed to improve on at least one major therapeutic regimen. The study was conducted by Randall Krakauer, MD, of the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, and associates in other cities. The technique, Krakauer explained, takes advantage of the cryoprecipitability of some immune complexes: when plasma is separated from other blood elements with a hollow filter and cooled to 0.7°C, immune complexes come out of solution and can be removed by centrifugation or filtration. The remainder of the plasma is reheated and returned to
Able-Bodied Womanhood: Personal Health and Social Change in Nineteenth-Century Boston
Authors: Selma Harrison Calmes
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Many Americans are smoking less, exercising more, and trying to eat healthy diets. What does this current health craze mean?<i>Able-Bodied Womanhood</i>attempts to find an answer by examining a somewhat similar situation in the past, mid-19th—century efforts to improve women's health. The book documents the development and evolution of three institutions devoted to improving the health of middle-class Boston women from 1848 through 1900. These institutions are The Ladies' Physiological Institute of Boston and Vicinity, Wellesley College, and the Boston Normal School of Gymnastics. Concepts of health and disease change as society changes. Mid-19th— century Americans had lost their earlier fatalism about disease, were beginning to expect good health, and often tried actively to improve their health. Women, who were thought then to be frail and often chronically ill, had particular problems. Because of women's vital roles as wives and mothers, their health problems needed special attention. The three
TCT-72 Timing of Intra-aortic Balloon Therapy in ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Smita I. Negi, Aashish Anand, David Briceno-Gomez, pratap singh, David Briceno-Gomez, Prakash Balan, Ali E. Denktas, Stefano Sdringola, Richard Smalling, H. Vernon Anderson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia progressing to lung fibrosis
Authors: K Yoshida, N Shijubo, H Koba, Y Mori, M Satoh, T Morikawa, S Abe
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

A 65 year old Japanese man was hospitalized with fever. Opacities distributed mainly in the subpleural regions were found on chest computed tomographic scan (CT), and these promptly cleared with corticosteroid therapy. Four years later, he presented with severe eosinophilia. Both chest X-ray and high resolution CT scan showed ground-glass opacities and honeycombing, suggesting lung fibrosis. A lung biopsy demonstrated intra-alveolar eosinophil infiltration, interstitial thickening with eosinophil infiltration, and a widely-distributed desquamative interstitial pneumonia-like reaction. With corticosteroid therapy, the ground-glass opacities decreased with a corresponding clinical improvement, although lung honeycombing and blood eosinophilia remained. In this case, circulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and circulating and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eosinophil granule proteins were felt to be more effective markers for evaluating disease activity than the blood eosinophil number.
PYO-PNEUMO-APPENDIX, DUE TO OBSTRUCTION BY A FECAL CONCRETION.
Authors: MILES F. PORTER
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Inasmuch as I have never met with a similar condition in a large experience, and have been unable to find a similar case reported in the literature at my hand, including the works of Deaver, Mynter, Lockwood, Holmes, Kelly, Maylard, Douglas and Hemmeter, I deem the following case worthy of record: <h3>Patient.</h3> —Mr. D., a Lutheran preacher, aged 32, American, was referred to me by Dr. Cook of Bluffton, Ind. He entered Hope Hospital May 14, 1906. The following history was obtained. <h3>History.</h3> —He had never been seriously ill before. He ate heartily of fish one week ago and has had some nausea and heaviness in stomach every since. On May 10 abdominal pain commenced and on May 11, centered itself in the appendix region. He has vomited continuously for the past twenty hours. Pain is becoming worse. <h3>Examination.</h3> —He is a well-nourished, dark-complexioned man. The abdomen is retracted, with
Electrocardiographic Leads
Authors: RICHARD MCFEE, FRANKLIN D. JOHNSTON
Journal: Circulation (1953)

This paper is the first of a series of three which will deal with the relationship between the voltages in electrocardiographic leads and the electromotive forces of the heart. The general purpose of this series is to discuss various experimental and theoretic technics which can be used in the analysis of a given lead, and in the building up, or "synthesis," of leads having desired characteristics. The procedures used are based on a fundamental theorem which takes into account not only the irregular shape and conductivity of the body but also the spatial dispersion of the electromotive forces within the heart. It is closely related to the "lead vector" concept of Burger and van Milaan. In this first paper the basic definitions and theorems are developed. The second paper discusses various methods of analysing leads. The third and last presents a number of systematic procedures for designing leads, both vectorcardiographic and unipolar. Such leads can have substantially higher accuracies than those now in use, because their design takes into account the shape and conductivity of the body and its tissues, and the eccentric and extended location of the heart.
Randomised controlled trial of novel, simple, and well supervised weight reducing diets in outpatients
Authors: C. D Summerbell, C. Watts, J. P T Higgins, J. S Garrow
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To investigate the contribution of novelty and simplicity to compliance with a low energy diet among obese outpatients. <b>Design:</b> Three arm randomised trial for 16 weeks. <b>Setting:</b> NHS hospital obesity clinic. <b>Subjects:</b> 45 patients aged over 17 years with a body mass index &gt;27 who were not diabetic, pregnant, or lactating. <b>Interventions:</b> Conventional 3.4 MJ diet (control), isoenergetic novel diet of milk only, or milk plus one designated food daily. Follow up visit every 4 weeks. <b>Main outcome measure:</b> Weight loss. <b>Results:</b> Mean weight loss (kg) after 16 weeks on control, milk only, and milk plus diets was 1.7 (95% confidence interval −0.3 to 3.7), 9.4 (5.9 to 12.9), and 7.0 (2.7 to 11.3) respectively. Weight loss on the novel diets was significantly greater than on the control diet. <b>Conclusions:</b> Dietary treatment can achieve as much weight loss in obese outpatients over 16 weeks as has been reported for the most successful drug treatment, but compliance with the prescribed diet is poor unless the diet is novel and simple.
Echocardiographic Pattern of Right Ventricular Diastolic Volume Overload in Children
Authors: ABDUL J. TAJIK, GERALD T. GAU, DONALD G. RITTER, THOMAS T. SCHATTENBERG
Journal: Circulation (1972)

Echocardiograms were performed on 20 children who were 1-14 years old. Ten children had secundum atrial septal defects (ASD 2°); four had partial and two had complete atrioventricular canal defects (AVC); and three had partial and one had total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (APVC). Twenty-eight normal children were also examined. Echocardiograms of nine patients with ASD 2° revealed increased right ventricular dimension index (RVDI) and abnormal (paradoxic) ventricular septal (VS) motion. The remaining patient with ASD 2°, who had a Qp/Qs of 1.2 (smallest in the series), had a normal echocardiogram. All four patients with APVC had increased RVDI, and three had abnormal VS motion. The patient with normal septal motion had associated mild aortic stenosis, but he too had a small left-to-right shunt (19%). The echocardiograms of two patients with partial AVC revealed features similar to ASD 2°, but in the third patient who had significant mitral regurgitation (MR) the VS motion was normal, indicating that the degree of associated MR influences the VS motion in this anomaly. The septal motion was normal in both patients with complete AVC. Three patients in the series had abnormal systolic anterior motion of mitral valve. Postoperative echocardiograms revealed persistence of increased RVDI and "paradoxic" VS motion.
THE IMPACT OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE ON USE OF EVIDENCE BASED THERAPY IN STABLE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: A PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF 22,560 PATIENTS
Authors: Paul Kalra, Xavier García-Moll, Jose Zamorano, Kim Michael Fox, Ian Ford, Roberto Ferrari, Jean Claude Tardif, Michal Tendera, Nicola Greenlaw, Philippe Steg
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Tuberculin Booster Reactions and Conversions
Authors: William W. Stead
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 September 1994Tuberculin Booster Reactions and ConversionsWilliam W. Stead, MDWilliam W. Stead, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-5-199409010-00042 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their article, Menzies and colleagues [1] misquote me as defining a “booster” reaction as being at least 12 mm greater than a previous negative test result. Actually, we defined a tuberculin “conversion” as an increase of at least 12 mm greater than the size of the initially negative two-step test result some months later, particularly if patients had recently been exposed to tuberculosis. We view any lesser increase in size as a booster [2]. Our intent was to emphasize that small increases in the size of subsequent tuberculin test reactions generally do not signify new infections, ...References1. Menzies R, Vissandje B, Rocher E, St. Germain Y. The booster effect in two-step tuberculin testing among young adults in Montreal. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:190-8. Google Scholar2. Stead WW, To T. The significance of the tuberculin skin test in elderly persons. Ann Intern Med. 1987; 107:837-42. Google Scholar3. Stead WW, To T, Harrison RW, Abraham JH 3d. Benefit-risk considerations in preventive treatment for tuberculosis in elderly persons. Ann Intern Med. 1987; 107:843-5. Google Scholar4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention and control of tuberculosis in facilities providing long-term care to the elderly. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee for Elimination of Tuberculosis. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1990; 39:1-20. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: William W. Stead, MDAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 September 1994Volume 121, Issue 5Page: 387-388KeywordsChemotherapyElderlyIsoniazidTuberculinTuberculin tests ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 September 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Greater collaboration needed to reduce global burden of disease
Authors: Tessa Richards
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Health researchers should improve their communication with policy makers and align their research more closely to reduce the global burden of disease, participants agreed at a recent meeting in Cairo of the Global Forum for Health Research. 

More than 600 researchers from 90 countries attended the meeting, where there was also broad agreement that the processes and products of research should be made more widely available to poor countries and that these countries should be given more support to participate in setting the research agenda, assessing research findings, and putting them into practice. 

Views varied about the extent to which research can deal with deep rooted health problems that stem from socioeconomic inequality, and from limited political will to tackle them (in rich as well as poor countries). 

Egypt's minister for health and population, Hatem Mostafa El-Gabali, said that research had “only a limited role.” What …
Immunoglobulin E levels in relationship to HIV‐1 disease, route of infection, and vitamin E status
Authors: M. J. Miguez‐Burbano, G. Shor‐Posner, M. A. Fletcher, Y. Lu, J. N. Moreno, C. Carcamo, B. Page, J. Quesada, H. Sauberlich, M. K. Baum
Journal: Allergy (1995)

Our recent studies have demonstrated that in early HIV-1 infection, elevation of plasma immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels precedes the decline of CD4 cell count and is influenced by vitamin E status. In order to further investigate the role of IgE elevation in HIV-1 infection, we determined IgE levels in HIV-1-seropositive and -seronegative intravenous drug users (IDUs) (n = 38), in relationship to cellular and humoral immune function, liver enzymes, and vitamin E status. To examine the possible impact of the route of HIV-1 infection on IgE levels, comparisons between the cohorts of the HIV-1-seropositive and -seronegative IDUs and homosexual men (n = 45) were also conducted. All HIV-1-seropositive participants had significantly higher (P = 0.003) IgE levels than the HIV-1-seronegative subjects. The HIV-1-seropositive IDUs, moreover, demonstrated significantly higher (P = 0.01) IgE levels than HIV-1-seropositive homosexual men, despite similar CD4 cell counts. Stepwise regression analysis was used to evaluate the possible variables contributing to the IgE variation. HIV-1 status (P = 0.0009), intravenous drug use (P = 0.014), CD8 cell counts (P = 0.0001), plasma level of vitamin E (P = 0.006), and alcohol intake (P = 0.047) were significant, accounting for 71% of the IgE elevation. These findings suggest that IgE may serve as a sensitive marker to reflect the evolution of HIV-1 disease in individuals from different risk groups.
Influenza Mortality and Morbidity
Authors: Edwin D. Kilbourne
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  Elsewhere in this issue (p 115), Gregg and his associates have addressed analysis of the contribution of influenza to mortality and morbidity in nonepidemic years by Albert B. Sabin, MD (237:2823, 1977). I wish only to comment on Dr Sabin's wish to equate influenza with all other causes of acute respiratory disease, as he does in the following statement:  The attempt by some to limit the clinical diagnosis of influenza to disease caused by the influenza viruses and to dismiss the remainder of the clinical syndrome responsible annually for many millions of days of bed disability (exclusive of the many millions of days of bed disability attributed separately to acute infections of the upper respiratory tract or to pneumonia), is, in my judgement, unrealistic and counterproductive in dealing with the total influenza problem.  It seems retrogressive to despair of separating the manifold causes of acute respiratory disease at
Three-Dimensional Structure of Pulmonary Capillary Vessels in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Aya Miura, Kazufumi Nakamura, Kengo F. Kusano, Hiromi Matsubara, Aiko Ogawa, Satoshi Akagi, Takahiro Oto, Takuro Murakami, Aiji Ohtsuka, Chikao Yutani, Tohru Ohe, Hiroshi Ito
Journal: Circulation (2010)
THE ELECTROSHOCK CONVULSION SYNDROME
Authors: PAUL H. WILCOX
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1944)

The evidence that the electroshock convulsion syndrome is the result of integrated activity of a cortical area near the fissure of Rolando and is essentially a pyramidal tract syndrome can be summarized as follows: 1. Electrical shocks given near the fissure of Rolando are the most efficient in producing convulsions. 2. The tonic pattern looks like the result of generalized excitation of the motor cortex. 3. Pyramidal tract impairment modifies the convulsive pattern. 4. Extrapyramidal tract disease does not modify the convulsive pattern. 5. Autonomic excitation appears to be a secondary phenomenon. 6. No simple medullary syndrome occurs. The medulla seems to be responding differentially to stimulation from above. 7. The "trigger zone" of the electroshock convulsion syndrome responds to various strengths and durations of iterative stimuli with summation to the threshold convulsive dose typical of a strength-duration curve. 8. Anticonvulsant drugs such as sodium amytal act primarily on the higher cortical levels of integration. They also increase the convulsive threshold. Therefore, the "trigger" zone is probably at a fairly high level of cortical integration. It is further suggested that the "trigger zone" plays a central role in all convulsions, epilepsy arising when there is an overflow of excess excitation from some other area to the "trigger zone" of the convulsive syndrome. The complex character of the convulsive patterns in epilepsy may result from the modifying influence of the cerebral dysrhythmias. Loss of consciousness may be due to interference with the normal integrative balance of the cortex, rather than due to the "knocking out" of any centers.
Lithium Carbonate Treatment of Psychiatric Illness
Authors: Paul H. Blachly
Journal: JAMA (1970)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> If Dr. Wharton has some clinical data to back up his concern about the use of lithium for the treatment of psychiatric illness, (<b>211</b>:1379, 1970) he should present it rather than extrapolating from data that have been shown to be irrelevant. All drugs have hazards, but the overwhelming clinical evidence suggests that lithium treatment is more effective than any other existing treatment for a significant number of psychiatric patients. Our clinical experience suggests that when properly used, there are fewer side effects with lithium than for phenothiazines, antidepressants, or minor tranquilizers. I would also point out that dose levels of less than 1.0 mEq/liter are therapeutic, sometimes as little as 0.3 mEq/liter, particularly in depressive patients. A bibliography on the biology and pharmacology of lithium containing some 1,200 references was published in the<i>Psychopharmacology Bulletin</i>, October 1969, pp 33-62.
Time Elapsed After Ischemic Stroke and Risk of Adverse Cardiovascular Events and Mortality Following Elective Noncardiac Surgery
Authors: Mads E. Jørgensen, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Gunnar H. Gislason, Per Føge Jensen, Siv Mari Berger, Christine Benn Christiansen, Charlotte Overgaard, Michelle D. Schmiegelow, Charlotte Andersson
Journal: JAMA (2014)

The timing of surgery in patients with recent ischemic stroke is an important and inadequately addressed issue.To assess the safety and importance of time elapsed between stroke and surgery in the risk of perioperative cardiovascular events and mortality.Danish nationwide cohort study (2005-2011) including all patients aged 20 years or older undergoing elective noncardiac surgeries (n=481,183 surgeries).Time elapsed between stroke and surgery in categories and as a continuous measure.Risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; including ischemic stroke, acute myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular mortality) and all-cause mortality up to 30 days after surgery. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by multivariable logistic regression models.Crude incidence rates of MACE among patients with (n = 7137) and without (n = 474,046) prior stroke were 54.4 (95% CI, 49.1-59.9) vs 4.1 (95% CI, 3.9-4.2) per 1000 patients. Compared with patients without stroke, ORs for MACE were 14.23 (95% CI, 11.61-17.45) for stroke less than 3 months prior to surgery, 4.85 (95% CI, 3.32-7.08) for stroke 3 to less than 6 months prior, 3.04 (95% CI, 2.13-4.34) for stroke 6 to less than 12 months prior, and 2.47 (95% CI, 2.07-2.95) for stroke 12 months or more prior. MACE risks were at least as high for low-risk (OR, 9.96; 95% CI, 5.49-18.07 for stroke <3 months) and intermediate-risk (OR, 17.12; 95% CI, 13.68-21.42 for stroke <3 months) surgery compared with high-risk surgery (OR, 2.97; 95% CI, 0.98-9.01 for stroke <3 months) (P = .003 for interaction). Similar patterns were found for 30-day mortality: ORs were 3.07 (95% CI, 2.30-4.09) for stroke less than 3 months prior, 1.97 (95% CI, 1.22-3.19) for stroke 3 to less than 6 months prior, 1.45 (95% CI, 0.95-2.20) for stroke 6 to less than 12 months prior, and 1.46 (95% CI, 1.21-1.77) for stroke 12 months or more prior to surgery compared with patients without stroke. Cubic regression splines performed on the stroke subgroup supported that risk leveled off after 9 months.A history of stroke was associated with adverse outcomes following surgery, in particular if time between stroke and surgery was less than 9 months. After 9 months, the associated risk appeared stable yet still increased compared with patients with no stroke. The time dependency of risk may warrant attention in future guidelines.
Improvements in Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Inflammation in an Asthma Model via Upregulation of Anti-Oxidant Responses with 2-Cyano-3,12-Dioxooleana-1,9 (11)-Diene-28-Oic Acid Trifluoroethyl Amide (CDDO-TFEA)
Authors: E BROOKS, D NANYEZ, S SHULZ, C MEYER, M SPORN, D HOCHMAN
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Derek John Llewellyn
Authors: Nigel C H Stott
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Derek John Llewellyn is best known for the establishment of vocational training for general practice in Wales. In the late 1960s and early 1970s he travelled the length and breadth of Wales to recruit and train clinical teachers in general practice. It was a task that he shared with his close colleague Professor Robert Harvard Davis, who became one of his course organisers. Derek, in his capacity as regional adviser and sub-dean of postgraduate studies (general practice) at the Welsh National School of Medicine was responsible for the development of postgraduate education from 1973 onwards.

Following a choral exhibition to Llandaff Cathedral School he progressed to Denstone College and the Welsh School of Architecture. National …
Malaria: Reply to Dr. Inman
Authors: W. C. MacLean
Journal: BMJ (1875)

R. K., aged 29, was admitted into my wards on June 24th, I873, suffering from an ununited fracture of the bones of the forearm.About six months before his admission, bis forearm had been severely injured by machinery.Both bones were fractured, and a large lacerated wound was caused by the accident.He was taken to a provincial hospital, and carefully treated for several months.About three months after the accident, a large piece of bone (a portion of the ulna) gradually loosened, and was removed.Three weeks after this, the wound was healed, but the bones had not united properly.When the arm was examined, a large cicatrix was noticed over the middle third of the bones of the forearm; it was adherent to the ulna for a short distance, but was otherwise free.Both bones were movable at the junction of their middle and lower thirds, but the radius less so than the ulna.The ulna was not only quite ununited, but was deficient for about one inch at the seat of fracture, the result, no doubt, of the necrosis which had followed the injury.The fractured ends of the ulna were displaced towards, anid adherent to, the radius.Pronation and supination could not be performed, and the arm was also weak, and, in consequence, useless.On June 27th, I performed the followina operation, with the hope of making the arm more useful.An incision, about three inches long, was made over the dorsal aspect of the ulna, so as to expose the fractured portion of this bone.It was then found that the fractured ends were rounded off and atrophied, and united to one another and to the