tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Liver transplant from a donor with occult HEV infection induced chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis in the recipient
Authors: B. Schlosser, A. Stein, R. Neuhaus, S. Pahl, B. Ramez, D.H. Krüger, T. Berg, J. Hofmann
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)

Acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a self-limiting symptomatic or asymptomatic disease. However, as recently observed, it can manifest itself as chronic hepatitis in patients receiving solid organ transplants as well as in patients with HIV infection or severe hematologic disorders. Here, we describe the clinical course of a 73-year-old male patient in whom HEV transmission occurred after receiving a HEV-infected liver from a donor with occult HEV infection, whereby the patient had tested negative for HEV RNA and anti-HEV antibodies shortly before explantation. Anti-HEV IgG, IgM, and HEV RNA were detected in the first tested serum sample of the liver recipient obtained 150 days after liver transplantation and remained positive (earlier samples after OLT were not available). Liver cirrhosis developed within 15 months and the patient died of septic shock. Based on phylogenetic analyses of the donor and recipient's HEV strains, we were able to prove that the occult HEV infection was transmitted via the graft.
EXTRAGENITAL FORMS OF CUTANEOUS BILHARZIASIS.
Authors: ABDEL MONEM EL MOFTY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1956)

Journal Article EXTRAGENITAL FORMS OF CUTANEOUS BILHARZIASIS. Get access ABDEL MONEM EL MOFTY ABDEL MONEM EL MOFTY Assistant Professor of Dermatology, Kasr el Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 68, Issue 7-8, 1 July 1956, Pages 252–257, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1956.tb12811.x Published: 01 July 1956
Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibition Sensitizes Human Colon Carcinoma Cells to TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis through Clustering of DR5 and Concentrating Death-Inducing Signaling Complex Components into Ceramide-Enriched Caveolae
Authors: Sophie Martin, Darren C. Phillips, Kinga Szekely-Szucs, Lynda Elghazi, Fabienne Desmots, Janet A. Houghton
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

Abstract Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is up-regulated in human colon carcinomas, and its inhibition is associated with a reduction in tumorigenesis and a promotion of apoptosis. However, the mechanisms responsible for the antitumor effects of COX-2 inhibitors and how COX-2 modulates apoptotic signaling have not been clearly defined. We have shown that COX-2 inhibition sensitizes human colon carcinoma cells to tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)–induced apoptosis by inducing clustering of the TRAIL receptor DR5 at the cell surface and the redistribution of the death-inducing signaling complex components (DR5, FADD, and procaspase-8) into cholesterol-rich and ceramide-rich domains known as caveolae. This process requires the accumulation of arachidonic acid and sequential activation of acid sphingomyelinase for the generation of ceramide within the plasma membrane outer leaflet. The current study highlights a novel mechanism to circumvent colorectal carcinoma cell resistance to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis using COX-2 inhibitors to manipulate the lipid metabolism within the plasma membrane. (Cancer Res 2005; 65(24): 11447-58)
Drugs Five Years Later
Authors: SAMUEL D. SPIVACK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

Since its approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1969 procarbazine has had an established role as a single agent in combination chemotherapy of Hodgkin's disease. The drug offers some benefits for patients with lymphomas of other than Hodgkin's type and small and large cell carcinomas of lung, but there has been no documented enlargement of the role of procarbazine beyond these applications during the past 5 years. Toxicities are hematologic and neurologic, and there are also potential adverse effects in multiple drug interactions and in possible carcinogenesis. Procarbazine should therefore be used only against malignant disease by clinicians experienced in its use and cognizant of potential adverse effects.
Quality of Life in Medically Ill Persons with Comorbid Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Harald Baumeister, Nico Hutter, Jürgen Bengel, Martin Härter
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2011)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; This systematic review aims to investigate the association between comorbid mental disorders and quality of life (QoL) in patients with chronic medical diseases. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; Studies investigating adults with diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, asthma, chronic back pain and colorectal cancer were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed methodological criteria. Effect sizes for QoL scores were analyzed in random-effects meta-analyses. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; The database search identified 7,291 references and 65 primary studies were included. Medically ill persons with comorbid mental disorders showed a significantly decreased overall (d = –1.10; 95% CI = –1.34 to –0.86), physical (d = –0.64; 95% CI = –0.74 to –0.53) and psychosocial (d = –1.18; 95% CI = –1.42 to –0.95) QoL compared to persons without mental disorders. Subgroup analyses did not reveal significant differences between the examined medical diseases or mental disorders. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; The review provides evidence of a substantially reduced psychosocial and physical QoL in medically ill patients with comorbid mental disorders. This patient-reported outcome highlights the importance of recognizing and treating comorbid mental disorders in the medically ill.
A Metabolic Syndrome in Whites and African-Americans: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities baseline study
Authors: Maria Inês Schmidt, Bruce B Duncan, Robert L Watson, A Richey Sharrett, Frederick L Brancati, Gerardo Heiss
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To describe clustering of hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperuricemia and its association with fasting insulin, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and BMI for African-American and white men and women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Observed frequencies of clusters were compared with those expected in 14,481 participants, 45-64 years of age, of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) baseline survey, 1987–1989. Associations of clusters with insulin, central adiposity, and overall obesity, as well as with abnormalities, were analyzed through multiple logistic regression. RESULTS Clustering beyond chance was observed in all four sex/ethnic groups (P &amp;lt; 0.001), with 7% of the sample presenting 30% of the abnormalities in large clusters (≥ 3 abnormalities per individual). The odds ratio (OR) for the association of each abnormality with clustering of the remaining four ranged from 1.6 to 8.8 (P &amp;lt; 0.01). These odds of clustering were notably large in white women. Of the abnormalities, hypertriglyceridemia demonstrated the highest OR (5.0–8.8) and diabetes had the lower OR in African-American subjects than in white subjects (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Insulin, WHR, and BMI were statistically associated with clustering in all groups (P &amp;lt; 0.001, except for BMI in African-Americans. CONCLUSIONS Clustering of abnormalities consistent with the concept of a metabolic syndrome is present in both white and African-American subjects.
PERITONEAL SALINE INFUSIONS IN ABDOMINAL OPERATIONS.A COMBINED CLINICAL AND LABORATORY STUDY OF THEIR EFFECTS.
Authors: JOHN G. CLARK
Journal: JAMA (1904)

At the St. Paul session of the American Medical Association we presented a paper<sup>1</sup>on "The Practical Application in Abdominal Surgery of Scientific Investigations Concerning the Function, Anatomy and Pathology of the Peritoneum<sup>1</sup>in which the employment of infusions of normal saline solution into the peritoneal cavity after all abdominal operations was advocated. The theory as to its value was based on the proved physiologic fact that there are well-defined currents which waft minute bodies from the lower or more dependent part of the peritoneal cavity toward the diaphragm, through which they gain entrance into the retroperitoneal lymph channels, and thence into the general blood channels. Our experimental work, at that time, had been confined solely to tracing the course of minute innocuous granules, such as India ink and carmine, from the peritoneal cavity into their more remote places of lodgment. This series of experiments unquestionably demonstrated that any foreign
Binding of adiponectin and C1q in human serum, and clinical significance of the measurement of C1q–adiponectin / total adiponectin ratio
Authors: Hideaki Nakatsuji, Hironori Kobayashi, Ken Kishida, Tohru Nakagawa, Shigeo Takahashi, Hideaki Tanaka, Suguru Akamatsu, Tohru Funahashi, Iichiro Shimomura
Journal: Metabolism (2012)
Critical Illness-Related Corticosteroid Insufficiency in Patients With Cirrhosis and Variceal Bleeding
Authors: Christos K. Triantos, Michel Marzigie, Giuseppe Fede, Marina Michalaki, Dimitra Giannakopoulou, Konstantinos Thomopoulos, Matteo Garcovich, Maria Kalafateli, Aris Chronis, Venetsana Kyriazopoulou, Eleni Jelastopoulou, Vasiliki Nikolopoulou, James O'Beirne, Andrew K. Burroughs
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2011)
Splenic Simulation by Left Hepatic Lobe Following Splenectomy
Authors: ART NOEL, JOHN C. HARBERT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

Remodeling of the liver following splenectomy may simulate hypertrophy of an accessory spleen on sulfur colloid scans. Two patients are reported. In one case splenic simulation is attributed to unusual hepatic scarring confirmed at autopsy. In the second the unusual configuration appears to have been caused by molding of the liver. The clinician should be aware of possible splenic simulation in postsplenectomy patients suspected of hypersplenism.
Why Does Medical Care Cost So Much?
Authors: Walter J. McNerney
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Abstract The major element in medical-care costs is manpower. The production of more doctors and allied personnel is often promoted as an effective way of reducing unit costs and improving distribution. Expansion of manpower, however, under the present delivery and financing systems would not lower price, improve distribution or have any measurable impact on the health of the population. Analysis of the present health system, furthermore, shows that it has relatively little to do with health and that it is tangential to many health problems. More necessary than mere increases in manpower are broader concepts of health services, clearly enunciated health goals, more consumer involvement in policy formulation, greater exploitation of the process of organization, more sophisticated management, the striking down of various artificial impediments to change and more imaginative methods of payment.
Pre-operative Transhepatic Cholangiography
Authors: D. H. Patey
Journal: BMJ (1955)

The concept of decision-aiding ranges were introduced to improve diagnostic efficiency. The clinical uncertainty in distinguishing borderline cases of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism among 1559 consecutive requests for thyroid function tests was 47%. This was reduced to 22% by using the free thyroxine index and to under 2% by using specific tests determined by the decision-aiding ranges.
Chemoprophylaxis with oral amoxycillin against bacterial endocarditis: when should second doses be administered after dentistry?
Authors: C R Kumana, K K Chau, P Y Chau, M Kou, I Lauder
Journal: BMJ (1986)

The adequacy of serum bactericidal activity after oral amoxycillin given as prophylaxis against infective endocarditis was studied using a double blind randomised protocol in healthy volunteers having dentistry. One hour before their procedure 38 patients received 3 g amoxycillin syrup and 12 received matching placebo. Venous blood samples were drawn before and one and nine hours after dosing and serum amoxycillin concentrations determined using a standard bioassay. Samples containing amoxycillin had inhibitory titres measured against two reference isolates of viridans streptococci known to have caused infective endocarditis. The susceptibility to amoxycillin of one strain was high and the other low, respective minimal bactericidal and inhibitory concentrations being 0.08 and 0.04 mumol/l (0.03 and 0.015 microgram/ml) and 2.74 and 1.37 mumol/l (1 and 0.5 microgram/ml). Amoxycillin was detected in only post-treatment samples of patients given the active drug. There were no significant correlations between one or nine hour drug concentrations and age or physical characteristics, nor was there any relation to preceding food consumption. Correlations between drug concentrations at one and nine hours were weak (r = 0.34; p less than 0.05), but between corresponding drug concentrations and serum inhibitory titres there were consistent correlations (r = 0.46-0.48; p less than 0.005). Against the low susceptibility reference isolate bactericidal amoxycillin concentrations were encountered in only 20 of the 38 nine hour samples (95% confidence limits 34% and 66%). When repeat doses of amoxycillin are indicated after dentistry they should be given about four hours later, not eight hours later as commonly practised.
Blocking the effects of interleukin-6 in rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory rheumatic diseases: systematic literature review and meta-analysis informing a consensus statement
Authors: Monika M Schoels, Désirée van der Heijde, Ferdinand C Breedveld, Gerd R Burmester, Maxime Dougados, Paul Emery, Gianfranco Ferraccioli, Cem Gabay, Allan Gibofsky, Juan Jesus Gomez-Reino, Graeme Jones, Tore K Kvien, Miho M Murikama, Norihiro Nishimoto, Josef S Smolen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2012)

<h3>Background</h3> Suppression of the immunoinflammatory cascade by targeting interleukin 6 (IL-6) mediated effects constitutes a therapeutic option for chronic inflammatory diseases. Tocilizumab is the only IL-6 inhibitor (IL-6i) licensed for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), but also other agents targeting either IL-6 or its receptor are investigated in various indications. <h3>Objective</h3> To review published evidence on safety and efficacy of IL-6i in inflammatory diseases. <h3>Methods</h3> We performed systematic literature searches in Medline and Cochrane, screened EULAR and American College of Rheumatology meeting-abstracts, and accessed http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. <h3>Results</h3> Comprehensive evidence supports the efficacy of tocilizumab in RA in DMARD-naïve patients, and after DMARD- and TNFi-failure. Randomised comparisons demonstrate superiority of tocilizumab in JIA, but not ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Other indications are currently investigated. Additional IL-6i show similar efficacy; safety generally appears acceptable. <h3>Conclusions</h3> IL-6i is effective and safe in RA and JIA, but not in AS. Preliminary results in other indications need substantiation.
Granulocyte activation after coronary angioplasty in humans.
Authors: S De Servi, A Mazzone, G Ricevuti, A Fioravanti, E Bramucci, L Angoli, G Stefano, G Specchia
Journal: Circulation (1990)

To determine whether percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) would lead to neutrophil activation with subsequent discharge of proteolytic enzymes, like elastase, and oxygen free radicals, like superoxide anion, blood samples were taken from the coronary sinus and aorta in 14 patients with stable angina and one-vessel disease who underwent PTCA. Neutrophils were separated by means of the Ficoll-Hypaque system and were stimulated to detect release of elastase and generation of superoxide anion. Plasma levels of elastase were also measured by an immunoenzymatic method. PTCA was successful in all patients. Plasma elastase levels increased significantly at the end of the procedure compared with pre-PTCA values both in the coronary sinus (from 129.2 +/- 16.6 to 286.6 +/- 39.7 micrograms/l, p less than 0.005) and in the aorta (from 117.4 +/- 13.6 to 258.1 +/- 41.3 micrograms/l, p less than 0.005). On the other hand, superoxide anion released in the supernatants after neutrophil stimulation by phorbol-myristate-acetate decreased after PTCA in the coronary sinus (before PTCA, 60.1 +/- 7.1; after PTCA, 40.7 +/- 6.8 nmol 1 x 10(7) granulocytes/ml/15 min, p less than 0.05), whereas a mild but not significant decrease was observed in the aorta (from 58.3 +/- 10.9 to 55.3 +/- 8.6 nmol 1 x 10(7) granulocytes/ml/15 min, p = NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Time for a sinister practice
Authors: T A Roper
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Between 8% and 15% of Western populations are left handed. The difficulties they face in a society constructed for right handers are unrecognised by the majority. Even our language reflects the discrimination against the left handed. The French word gauche for left has come to mean clumsy or awkward, and the Latin sinistrum has developed evil connotations. Contrast this with the words adroit and dextrous , which, derived from their French and Latin equivalents for right, now mean clever or skilful. The origins of these words have more to do with the historical mistreatment of the left hander—for example, forcing left handed schoolchildren to write with their right hand, than any defect inherent in such people.

The medical world has been guilty of propagating this discrimination Clinical teaching dictates that all examinations should start from the right hand side of the bed. This position clearly favours the right hander. From the beginning medical students …
Right ventricular diastolic pressure-volume relations and regional dimensions during acute alterations in loading conditions.
Authors: L J Dell'Italia, R A Walsh
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Acute pharmacologically mediated parallel shifts in the left ventricular diastolic pressure-volume relation may be due to the restraining effect of the pericardium and/or leftward displacement of the interventricular septum. The existence and cause of this phenomenon in the right ventricle has not been studied in animals or in man. Accordingly, we altered right ventricular pressure with intravenous phenylephrine (0.2 to 0.3 mg) and nitroprusside (0.5 to 1.5 micrograms/kg/min) to achieve three disparate peak right ventricular pressures in nine normal subjects after partial autonomic blockade with atropine (1 mg) and propranolol (0.15 mg/kg). Simultaneous high-fidelity right ventricular pressures and biplane cineventriculographic volumes were acquired during the three resultant loading conditions. Right atrial pacing maintained heart rate constant at each pressure level. Peak right ventricular systolic pressure (23 +/- 3 vs 31 +/- 9 vs 45 +/- 6 mm Hg, all p less than .01) and right ventricular end-diastolic pressure (4 +/- 2 vs 8 +/- 4 vs 11 +/- 3 mm Hg, all p less than .01) were significantly different at low, medium, and high loading conditions, respectively. Right ventricular diastolic pressure-volume relations were, in parallel, shifted upward with altered loading in each patient. This was manifest by an unchanged dynamic chamber stiffness constant and a significant increase in the diastolic pressure volume y intercept at each load (1.98 +/- 2.21 vs 5.33 +/- 5.39 vs 8.51 +/- 3.99 mm Hg, p less than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hans Sloane's bitter taste of success
Authors: W. Moore
Journal: BMJ (2010)

We identified cytochrome P450 (P450) isozymes that are involved in the formation of two active sibutramine (<i>N</i>-{1-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-cyclobutyl]-3-methylbutyl}-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylamine) metabolites, M1 (<i>N</i>-{1-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclobutyl]-3-methylbutyl}-<i>N</i>-methylamine) and M2 (1-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclobutyl]-3-methylbutylamine), in humans using a combination chemical inhibition, correlation analyses in human liver microsomes (HLMs), and activity assays using recombinant P450s. Mechanism-based CYP2B6 inhibitors (i.e., clopidogrel, ticlopidine, and triethylenethiophoramide) significantly inhibited the formation of M1 from sibutramine and M2 from M1, respectively; in contrast, no effect was observed when using potent inhibitors of eight P450 isozymes (CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, and CYP3A). In addition, the formations of M1 from sibutramine (<i>r</i> = 0.694, <i>p</i> = 0.0029) and M2 from M1 (<i>r</i> = 0.834, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) were strongly correlated with CYP2B6-catalyzed bupropion hydroxylation in 16 different HLM panels. Furthermore, recombinant CYP2B6 catalyzed M1 and/or M2 formation at the highest rate among 10 P450s. Although recombinant CYP2C19, 3A4, and 3A5 also catalyzed, to a less extent, M1 formation at high substrate concentrations (&gt;5 μM), those contributions might be minor considering usual concentrations of sibutramine and M1 in the clinical setting. The kinetics of M1 and/or M2 formation from sibutramine in HLMs were fitted by a two-enzyme model, and the mean apparent <i>K</i><sub>m</sub> value (4.79 μM) for high-affinity component was similar to that observed in recombinant CYP2B6 (8.02 μM). In conclusion, CYP2B6 is the primary catalyst for the formation of sibutramine two active metabolites, which may suggest that pharmacogenetics and drug interactions of sibutramine in relation to CYP2B6 activity should be considered in the pharmacotherapy of sibutramine.
Current Studies in Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Howard L. Bleich, Emily S. Boro, Samuel Hellman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

THE radical approach to radiation therapy that is now used in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease can be attributed to the various efforts of Gilbert, Peters, Easson and Kaplan and to the finding that the disease was curable when it was localized.1 2 3 4 5 6 The observation that one could treat widespread areas, including most axial lymph nodes and the regions above and below the diaphragm,7 led to increasingly aggressive therapeutic management and, eventually, to reports that laparotomy frequently revealed unsuspected disease, especially in the spleen.8 , 9 Many of us then became interested in the ramifications of laparotomy, a procedure that has proved valuable . . .
Na+-dependent transporters mediate HCO3– salvage across the luminal membrane of the main pancreatic duct
Authors: Min Goo Lee, Wooin Ahn, Joo Young Choi, Xiang Luo, Jeong Taeg Seo, Patrick J. Schultheis, Gary E. Shull, Kyung Hwan Kim, Shmuel Muallem
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2000)

To study the roles of Na+-dependent H+ transporters, we characterized H+ efflux mechanisms in the pancreatic duct in wild-type, NHE2–/–, and NHE3–/– mice. The pancreatic duct expresses NHE1 in the basolateral membrane, and NHE2 and NHE3 in the luminal membrane, but does not contain NHE4 or NHE5. Basolateral Na+-dependent H+ efflux in the microperfused duct was inhibited by 1.5 μM of the amiloride analogue HOE 694, consistent with expression of NHE1, whereas the luminal activity required 50 μM HOE 694 for effective inhibition, suggesting that the efflux might be mediated by NHE2. However, disruption of NHE2 had no effect on luminal transport, while disruption of the NHE3 gene reduced luminal Na+-dependent H+ efflux by ∼45%. Notably, the remaining luminal Na+-dependent H+ efflux in ducts from NHE3–/– mice was inhibited by 50 μM HOE 694. Hence, ∼55% of luminal H+ efflux (or HCO3– influx) in the pancreatic duct is mediated by a novel, HOE 694–sensitive, Na+-dependent mechanism. H+ transport by NHE3 and the novel transporter is inhibited by cAMP, albeit to different extents. We propose that multiple Na+-dependent mechanisms in the luminal membrane of the pancreatic duct absorb Na+ and HCO3– to produce a pancreatic juice that is poor in HCO3– and rich in Cl– during basal secretion. Inhibition of the transporters during stimulated secretion aids in producing the HCO3–-rich pancreatic juice.