tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lens-specific expression of transforming growth factor beta1 in transgenic mice causes anterior subcapsular cataracts.
Authors: Y Srinivasan, F J Lovicu, P A Overbeek
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Transgenic mice were generated by microinjection of a construct containing a self-activating human TGF-beta1 cDNA driven by the lens-specific alphaA-crystallin promoter. Seven transgenic founder mice were generated, and four transgenic lines expressing TGF-beta1 were characterized. By postnatal day 21, mice from the four families exhibited anterior subcapsular cataracts. The lenses in these mice developed focal plaques of spindle-shaped cells that expressed alpha-smooth muscle actin, and that resembled the plaques seen in human anterior subcapsular cataracts. Transgenic mice showed additional ocular defects, including corneal opacification and structural changes in the iris and ciliary body. The corneal opacities were associated with increased exfoliation of the squamous layer of the corneal epithelium and increased DNA replication in the basal epithelium.
Upregulation of ventricular potassium channels by chronic tamoxifen treatment
Authors: Gracia El Gebeily, Céline Fiset
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

Tamoxifen is a selective oestrogen receptor modulator widely used in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Women receiving long-term tamoxifen therapy do not experience cardiac arrhythmias although acute perfusion of tamoxifen has been shown to inhibit cardiac K(+) currents. This observation suggests that chronic tamoxifen treatment does not negatively modulate cardiac K(+) currents. Therefore, we investigated the chronic effects of tamoxifen on K(+) currents and channels in mouse and guinea pig ventricles.Female mice and guinea pigs were treated with placebo or tamoxifen pellets for 60 days. Voltage-clamp experiments showed that the density of the Ca²(+)-independent transient outward (I(to)), the ultrarapid delayed rectifier (I(Kur)), the steady-state (I(ss)), and the inward rectifier (I(K1)) K(+) currents were increased in tamoxifen-treated mice ventricle. Western blot analysis revealed that protein expression of the underlying K(+) channels Kv4.3 (I(to)), Kv1.5 (I(Kur)), Kv2.1 (I(ss)), and Kir2.1 (I(K1)) were significantly higher in the ventricle of tamoxifen-treated mice. Protein expression of the K(+) channel subunits encoding I(Kr) and I(Ks) (ERG1, KCNQ1, and KCNE1) was also increased in tamoxifen-treated guinea pig ventricle.Conditions with high oestrogen levels are associated with reduced K(+) currents. Thus, conceivably, tamoxifen might prevent the inhibitory effects of oestrogen on K(+) channels by blocking the oestrogen receptors, which would explain the reported increase in K(+) currents. These findings could contribute to explain the absence of cardiac arrhythmia with long-term tamoxifen therapy.
Calcium channel blockers in myocardial infarction: Authors' reply
Authors: S. Yusuf, P Held, C. Furberg
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Mortality of patients during trial period in trials with verapamil No of dcaths/No randomised Observed minus Verapamil Control expected Variance Bussman et al 0/29 0/25 0-0 0.0 Crca etalt 0/8 2/9 -0 9 0-5 Danish pilot" 3/28 4/33 -0-2 1-6 DAVITI 92/717 100/719 -3-9 41-6 Total 95/782 106/786 -5-0 43-7Pooled odds ratio 0-89.95% Confidence interval 0-66 to 1 20.care units do not have an acute myocardial infarction; but to be sure that all patients with an infarct were treated, treatment should start immediately in all patients-without exclusion criteria- admitted with a suspicion of acute myocardial infarction.Treatment should then stop if a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction was ruled out.This means that we did not intend to treat the 3447 patients in coronary care units but only the 1436 with acute myocardial infarction.Naturally the effect of verapamil in patients who were treated but did not fulfil the inclusion criteria should be reported from a trial with such a design.We find it impossible, however, to evaluate the effect of verapamil on death and reinfarction after an infarct in the 2011 patients without acute myocardial infarction, most of whom were treated for only two or three days and none for more than a week.Based on the intention to treat principle and including all available trials with verapamil, which are all early intervention trials, an analysis shows a reduction in pooled odds ratio of 0 11 of mortality (table) and not an increased pooled odds ratio.The number of patients in verapamil trials (n= 1568) is still small compared with the numbers included in nifedipine (n=9464) and diltiazem (n=3151) trials, and a beneficial effect of verapamil on mortality and reinfarction cannot be excluded.A report ofthe results ofa further multicentre Danish verapamil infarction trial (DAVIT II) with late intervention is in preparation.
Proposal for a &amp;lsquo;European Scoring System for Laparoscopic Operations in Urology&amp;rsquo;
Authors: B. Guillonneau, C.C. Abbou, J.D. Doublet, R. Gaston, G. Janetschek, A. Mandressi, J.J. Rassweiler, G. Vallancien
Journal: European Urology (2001)
Acute rejection after heart transplantation: Noninvasive echocardiographic evaluation
Authors: Guglielma Rita Ciliberto, Margherita Mascarello, Edoardo Gronda, Edgardo Bonacina, Maria Clemencia Anjos, Gianbattista Danzi, Paola Colombo, Maria Frigerio, Antonia Alberti, Claudio De Vita
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1994)
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in Pregnancy
Authors: Virgil L. Rose, Leo I. Gordon
Journal: JAMA (1985)

IMMUNE thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a syndrome of persistent thrombocytopenia resulting from antibody-induced destruction of platelets. Since it occurs most commonly in women during their reproductive years, ITP and pregnancy may be concomitant. We present a case of ITP during pregnancy, with an initial response to steroids that later became refractory, necessitating an alteration in therapy. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 30-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2, was found to have thrombocytopenia on her first prenatal visit. She had no history of bleeding or bruising. On physical examination, there was no lymphadenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly. She had petechiae on her lower extremities. The white blood cell count was 12,200/cu mm; hemoglobin level, 13.5 g/dL; hematocrit, 40.6%; and platelet count, 33,000/cu mm. A peripheral blood smear had markedly decreased platelets with occasional giant forms. The bone marrow aspiration had increased megakaryocytes. Platelet-associated IgG antibody level was measured at 62 femtograms (fg)/platelet (normal,
Influence of chronic captopril therapy on the infarcted left ventricle of the rat.
Authors: J M Pfeffer, M A Pfeffer, E Braunwald
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

To determine whether the relationship between infarct size and ventricular performance, volume, and compliance could be altered favorably, captopril was administered to rats for 3 months following coronary artery ligation. Baseline left and right ventricular and systemic arterial pressures and aortic blood flow, and maximal stroke volume and cardiac indices attained during a volume loading, were measured. Passive pressure-volume relations of the left ventricle were determined, and the slopes of segments of this relation were analyzed to characterize ventricular chamber stiffness. In untreated rats, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure progressively rose (from 5-28 mm Hg) as a function of infarct size, whereas, in captopril-treated rats, filling pressure remained within normal limits (5 +/- 1 mm Hg) in all but those with extensive infarcts. Chronic captopril therapy reduced baseline mean arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance, yet maintained cardiac and stroke outputs in rats both with and without infarcts. In untreated rats, maximal pumping ability progressively declined with increasing infarct size, whereas, in captopril-treated rats, peak stroke volume index remained within normal limits in all but those with extensive infarcts. The in vitro left ventricular volumes of captopril-treated rats were significantly less than those of untreated rats. The maintenance of forward output from a lesser dilated left ventricle yielded an index of ejection fraction for treated rats with moderate and large infarcts that was significantly elevated compared with that of untreated rats with infarcts of comparable size. Left ventricular chamber stiffness, which fell as infarct size increased in untreated rats, was normalized by chronic captopril therapy. Thus, captopril attenuated the left ventricular remodeling (dilation) and deterioration in performance that were observed in rats with chronic myocardial infarction.
PARAVALVULAR LEAK AFTER TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT (TAVR) IS ASSOCIATED WITH ASCENDING AORTA AND ARCH ANATOMY
Authors: Naohiko Nemoto, Stephanie Rutten-Ramos, Takeshi Onizuka, John Lesser, Wesley Pedersen, Paul Sorajja, Robert Schwartz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Endoscopic Skipping of the Distal Terminal Ileum in Crohn's Disease Can Lead to Negative Results From Ileocolonoscopy
Authors: Sunil Samuel, David H. Bruining, Edward V. Loftus, Brenda Becker, Joel G. Fletcher, Jayawant N. Mandrekar, Alan R. Zinsmeister, William J. Sandborn
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2012)
THE GREAT VALUE OF DRAINAGE AND ICE IN THE EARLY STAGES OF MASTOIDITIS.
Authors: SARGENT F. SNOW
Journal: JAMA (1904)

At the last session of this Section I presented a paper<sup>1</sup>on "Conservatism in Mastoiditis," in which 40 well-developed, advanced and some serious cases recently treated by free tympanic drainage and the use of ice over the mastoid without a failure were reported; the observation was also made that I believed over 50 per cent. of our present external operations could be avoided. The paper was followed by a spirited discussion during which many valuable points were brought out and some criticisms on my position were offered, but experience impels me to remain of the same, or a stronger, opinion. It also became manifest by the discussion that otologists do not yet agree as to the best course to pursue in treating the purely acute forms of this disease. That conservatism has a place in acute mastoiditis is clear, but I emphatically desire it to be understood this year, as
STUDIES ON THE TRANSFER OF LYMPH NODE CELLS
Authors: T. N. Harris, Susanna Harris, Miriam B. Farber
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

The transfer to rabbits of homologous lymph node cells which have been incubated in vitro with Shigella-trypsin filtrate leads to the appearance of agglutinins to Shigella in the sera of the recipients. In the present study it has been found that the prior injection of the prospective recipients with blood leucocytes from the donor animals prevented the appearance of anti-Shigella agglutinins. The following observations have been made in this system: 1. The degree of the pre-injection effect was found to be a function of the number of leucocytes injected and of the interval between such pre-injection and the transfer of the antigen-incubated lymph node cells. 2. The pre-injection of leucocytes at appropriate intervals could also cause the failure of antibody to appear in sera of recipients of lymph node cells when these were obtained from donor rabbits injected with Shigella, 1, 2, or 3 days prior to cell transfer. 3. Agglutinins failed to appear in cell-transfer experiments after the pre-injection not only of blood leucocytes, but also of lymph node cells, peritoneal exudate cells, or thymus cells of rabbits. This effect was not brought about by pre-injection of erythrocytes of rabbits or leucocytes of chicken, cow, or horse. The pre-injection of leucocytes of human blood had an effect of partial suppression. 4. When the leucocytes for pre-injection were pooled from groups of rabbits, either the prospective donors of the lymph node cells or other rabbits, essentially complete suppression of agglutinin titers occurred regularly. When the leucocytes for pre-injection were obtained from an individual rabbit and the lymph node cells from another rabbit the suppression of the recipients' titers occurred sporadically. 5. When the recipient's own leucocytes were pre-injected the subsequent agglutinin titers were somewhat lower than those of the non-pre-injected controls. When the recipient's whole blood was re-injected as the source of leucocytes the subsequent agglutinin titers were as high as those of the non-pre-injected controls. 6. The pre-injection effect was not obtained if the leucocytes had been heated, frozen and thawed, suspended in distilled water, lyophilized, or treated with sodium iodoacetate. However, sonic oscillation or x-irradiation of the leucocytes had no effect on their capacity to bring about the pre-injection effect.
Pulmonary Scintigraphic Findings in Children with Pectus Excavatum by the Comparison of Chest Radiograph Indices
Authors: CHIA-HUNG KAO, SHU-QUINN LIAO, SHYH-JEN WANG, SHIN-HWA YEH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

Pulmonary scintigraphy, including Xe-133 ventilation combined with Tc-99m MAA perfusion scans, was performed in 23 children (3 girls, 20 boys, ages: 2-9 years) with pectus excavatum, and the indices from lateral chest radiography were used for comparison. The findings of pulmonary scintigraphy were analyzed as 1) ventilation fractions (VF), and 2) perfusion fractions (PF) between bilateral lungs; and 3) ventilation-perfusion ratios (V/Q ratio) of both lungs. The results showed that 6 of 23 cases had impaired VF, 11 of 23 cases had impaired PF, and 7 of 23 cases had an impaired V/Q ratio in the right and left lung, respectively. The severity of sternal depression in pectus excavatum was shown as certain indices that were obtained on routine lateral chest radiographs. However, no significant correlations existed between the differences in the fractions and the indices. Our results suggest that pulmonary scintigraphy is not necessary for children with pectus excavatum to predict the severity of sternal depression and pulmonary function, because 1) pulmonary scintigraphy is very difficult to perform in children; 2) unnecessary radiation exposure should be avoided; and 3) it is not well correlated with the severity of the depressed sternum.
Enlisting the Help of the Largest Health Care Workforce—Patients
Authors: John G. F. Cleland, Inger Ekman
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Adult T-Cell Leukemia with Multiple Lymphomatous Polyposis of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: M. Itsuno, K. Makiyama, K. Muta, K. Furukawa, K. Hara, S. Tabata, H. Soda, S. Ikeda, H. Takashima, Y. Fukuda
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

A rare case of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) in which multiple lymphomatous polyposis (MLP) was revealed throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract is reported here. The polypectomy specimens taken from the rectum revealed infiltration of neoplastic T-cells, the integration of HTLV-1 proviral DNA, and increased CD4 (OKT4) and CD25 (IL-2R) cells. The analysis of surface markers of the lymphocytes from polypoid lesions may be useful for elucidating cell tropism and homing properties in the gastrointestinal tract. Although MLP has always been associated with B-cell lymphoma in the Western world, it is important for clinicians and pathologists to be aware that MLP may be caused by the infiltration of ATL cells.
DEATH FOLLOWING THE INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION OF DIODRAST
Authors: Harold L. Goldburgh
Journal: JAMA (1942)

In view of the extensive and widespread use of radiopaque solutions in excretory urography, it is not surprising that numerous toxic effects of the solutions used have been reported. Nausea, vomiting, shock, urticaria, edema of the glottis, rhinitis and various other manifestations of hypersensitiveness have been known to occur.<sup>1</sup>Arterial and venous thromboses resulting from the use of diodrast or a preparation similar to it have been reported in the American and foreign literature.<sup>2</sup>Fatalities following the intravenous use of diodrast, however, have been exceedingly rare, when it is considered that millions of these injections have been given.<sup>3</sup>The occurrence of such a fatality forms the basis for this presentation. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> Mrs. M. G., aged 67, was admitted to the medical wards of the Jewish Hospital on Oct. 23, 1941 for treatment of diabetes mellitus. She was known to have had diabetes for about fifteen
Uptake of HIV screening in genitourinary medicine after change to "opt-out" consent
Authors: B. Stanley
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Routine" serological testing of patients in genitourinary medicine clinics screens for syphilis but not HIV, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C. Viral hepatitis and HIV are transmitted by sexual intercourse.National anonymised data from routine serological tests showed that patients in genitourinary medicine have a higher risk of testing positive for antibodies to HIV than does the general population. 1 The national sexual health strategy states that 40% of new patients attending genitourinary medicine clinics should be screened for HIV infection by 2004 and 60% by 2007. 2 Anticipating these targets, we audited our testing rates in our clinic and introduced change to increase uptake.
Lung function, sputum, and exhaled breath characteristics of severe asthmatics compared to nonsevere asthmatics
Authors: A.T. Hastie, W. Moore, M. Larj, J. Krings, M. Wu, G.A. Hawkins, D.A. Meyers, S.P. Peters, E.R. Bleecker
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2005)
A Family of Doctors
Authors: Bernadine Z. Paulshock
Journal: JAMA (1994)

"As children we realized that we were part of a great adventure, the conquest of disease by scientific medicine," the author remembers. His memories of his overpowering physician father, Dr Herman Hellerstein, are, however, not all wonderful. "What he asked, no<i>demanded</i>, was for us to define ourselves as doctors in the context of the past, to state bluntly how our professional attainments, our production of new medical knowledge, would stack up against those of previous generations." Herman Hellerstein also demanded that his family ingest healthful diets and exercise as much as possible; he was a pioneer in the prescription of exercise and dietary prudence as prophylaxis against, not just a remedy for, coronary artery disease. His son David still remembers the family's meals with distaste. While producing and caring for a family of six children, his physician mother worked in the Family Clinic founded by her school, Case Western
Balloon angioplasty of arteries of the upper extremities in patients with extracranial giant-cell arteritis
Authors: M Both, P M Aries, S Muller-Hulsbeck, T Jahnke, P J Schafer, W L Gross, M Heller, M Reuter
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

<b>Objectives:</b> To evaluate the outcome of balloon angioplasty in the arteries of the upper extremities in patients with giant-cell arteritis (GCA) and stenosing extracranial involvement. <b>Methods:</b> Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for symptomatic upper limb artery stenoses (n = 29) and occlusions (n = 1) resistant to medical treatment was carried out in 10 patients (all women, mean age 65 years) with GCA. Vascular lesions were located in the subclavian (n = 4), axillary (n = 10) and brachial (n = 16) arteries. Interventional treatment was accompanied by immunosuppressive drugs in all patients. Follow-up included clinical and serological examination, magnetic resonance angiography and colour duplex ultrasound. <b>Results:</b> Initial technical success of angioplasty was achieved in the case of all vascular lesions. In five patients, marked recurrent stenoses (vascular territories; n = 10/30) were found during follow-up (mean 24 months). The cumulative primary patency rate was 65.2%. All recurrent lesions developed in the territories of the initial long-segment stenoses. Repeated PTA (vascular territories, n = 8; patients, n = 5) provided a cumulative secondary patency rate of 82.6% and a cumulative tertiary patency rate of 89.7%. <b>Conclusions:</b> Despite a tendency to restenoses, balloon angioplasty of the upper-extremity artery, in combination with immunosuppressive treatment, is an efficient method for the treatment of extracranial GCA.
Abstract 2580: Induction of estrogen receptor alpha by GW9662 sensitizes mammary glands to tamoxifen treatment in organ culture
Authors: Rajendra G. Mehta, Xinjian Peng, Sarbani Roy, Rajeshwari Mehta, Levy Kopelovich
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARδ) are ligand activated nuclear receptor and binds to natural and synthetic ligands. Earlier we had reported that PPARδ agonist troglitazone inhibited the development of precancerous lesions induced by DMBA in mouse mammary gland organ culture (MMOC). In the present study we evaluated the effects of PPARδ agonist GW7845 and antagonist GW9662 on the development of 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary alveolar lesions (MAL) in ER negative mammary glands in MMOC. The results showed that both GW7845 and GW9662 inhibited development of ER- MAL in MMOC. Since PPARδ and ER cross talk has been reported in the literature, we determined the effects of GW9662 on the induction of ER and PR in this model. Real-time PCR studies and immunohistochemical analyses showed that GW9662 induced ERα in the absence of estradiol, whereas GW7845 did not induce ERα under these conditions. Both GW7845 and GW9662 failed to suppress mRNA expression of PPARδ in the mammary glands that are otherwise ER negative. However GW9662 suppressed the expression of PPARδ response genes adipsin and aP2. Conversely, GW7845 an agonist of PPARδ enhanced the expression of aP2 and adipsin. These results suggested that the effects of these agents are mediated by PPARδ in MMOC. Finally, Tamoxifen does not inhibit MAL in MMOC, however sequential treatments with GW9662 followed by Tamoxifen suppressed development of DMBA-induced MAL in these glands. Since the ER negative breast cancer patients are generally not treated with SERM, inducing ERα in the mammary cells by GW9662 possibly could make them responsive to Tamoxifen or other SERM. [This work was supported by N01 CN433303] Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2580. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2580