tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hormone Disruption by PBDEs in Adult Male Sport Fish Consumers
Authors: Mary E. Turyk, Victoria W. Persky, Pamela Imm, Lynda Knobeloch, Robert Chatterton, Henry A. Anderson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Persistent pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), affect endocrine function. Human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), which are similar in structure to PCBs, has increased recently, but health effects have not been well studied.Our goal in this study was to determine whether PBDE body burdens are related to thyroid and steroid hormone levels, thyroid antibodies, and thyroid disease in a cohort of frequent and infrequent adult male sport fish consumers.We tested serum from 405 adult males for PBDE congeners, PCB congeners, testosterone, sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), SHBG-bound testosterone, thyroglobulin antibodies, and the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T(4)), triiodothyronine (T(3)), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and T(4)-binding globulin (TBG). We collected data on demographics, fish consumption, medical diseases, and medication use.The median sum of PBDEs was 38 ng/g lipid. In 308 men without thyroid disease or diabetes, PBDEs were positively related to measures of T(4) and reverse T(3) and inversely related to total T(3) and TSH. PBDEs were positively related to the percentage of T(4) bound to albumin, and inversely related to the percentage of T(4) bound to TBG. Associations of BDE congeners with hormones varied. BDE-47 was positively associated with testosterone levels. Participants with PBDEs over the 95th percentile were more likely to have thyroglobulin antibodies, although high PBDE exposure was not associated with thyroid disease. PBDE effects were independent of PCB exposure and sport fish consumption.PBDE exposure, at levels comparable with those of the general U.S. population, was associated with increased thyroglobulin antibodies and increased T(4) in adult males.
Survival During Renal Replacement Therapy for Diabetic End-Stage Renal Disease in Pima Indians
Authors: Robert G Nelson, Robert L Hanson, David J Pettitt, William C Knowler, Peter H Bennett
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To examine survival in Pima Indians receiving renal replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease attributed to NIDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Vital status through 1994 was determined for 136 diabetic Pima Indians from the Gila River Indian Community who began renal replacement therapy between 1973 and 1990. RESULTS Median survival from the onset of renal replacement therapy was 39 months (95% CI, 31–54), 31 months (95% CI, 11–48) in those who began treatment between 1973 and 1981, and 44 months (95% CI, 32–56) in those who began treatment between 1982 and 1990 (P = 0.020). During these periods, mean age at onset of treatment increased from 53.3 to 56.1 years (P = 0.166), and mean duration of diabetes at the onset of treatment increased from 16.5 to 20.2 years (P = 0.003). After adjustment for sex, duration of diabetes, initial dialysis type, and kidney transplantation by an age-stratified proportional-hazards analysis, the death rate after starting renal replacement therapy in the second half of the study was 0.54 times (95% CI, 0.33–0.88) that in the first half. If this analysis was restricted to those who survived at least 90 days of therapy, the difference between the time periods was diminished (death rate ratio = 0.76; 95% CI, 0.43–1.32). CONCLUSIONS Survival in Pima Indians receiving renal replacement therapy improved significantly over the study despite an increase in the average age and diabetes duration of those beginning dialysis. Much of the improvement in survival is attributable to a reduction in the number of deaths within the first 90 days of therapy. The median survival of 47 months in Pima Indians &amp;lt; 65 years old at the initiation of therapy is substantially longer than the 30 months reported in blacks and 16 months reported in whites of similar age with NIDDM.
ANGINA PECTORIS AND DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: HOWARD F. ROOT
Journal: JAMA (1931)

When 122 cases of angina pectoris 1 complicating diabetes were analyzed in 1927, 2 but few other cases for comparison could be found even in such summaries as those of Kahn, 3 Levine, 4 or White. 5 Since 1927, the association of diabetes and angina has become still more prominent not only in the diabetic clinic at the New England Deaconess Hospital but also among our cases after discharge, so that we are now able to report 210 such cases. Certain features of angina in diabetic patients are sufficiently distinctive to suggest that diabetes may bear an important etiologic relationship to coronary disease and angina.  SELECTION OF CASES  Every patient in this series had paroxysmal attacks of pain or a sense of constriction of the chest. The pain, pressure or sense of constriction was localized in the precordial region or more commonly beneath the sternum with or without radiation to
INSTRUMENTS FOR BLOOD TRANSFUSION
Authors: F. W. Hartman
Journal: JAMA (1925)

To the Editor:  —The recent appearance inThe Journalof articles and advertisements illustrating instruments for direct blood transfusion which include the use of ball valves seems to deserve comment and discussion for the safety of the donor, if not for the patient. It seems to me that any apparatus that does not positively insure the donor against receiving any blood from the patient should not be used in transfusion work, except possibly in selected cases. At least, all patients with active syphilis, septicemia or infectious disease, and accident cases in which the condition of the patient's blood is unknown should be excepted in doing direct transfusion with such an apparatus. In the use of pumps, which incorporate either the ball valve or conical valve principle in the production of suction and pressure with my indirect apparatus (described inThe Journal, Nov. 16, 1918), I have yet to find one
The Regulation of Aldosterone Secretion in Anephric Man
Authors: Francis Bayard, C. Robert Cooke, David J. Tiller, Inese Z. Beitins, Avinoam Kowarski, W. Gordon Walker, Claude J. Migeon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

The regulation of aldosterone secretion in anephric man was investigated in studies on nephrectomized patients who were being intermittently hemodialyzed while awaiting renal transplantation. The effects of supine and upright posture on the concentration of plasma aldosterone on the 1st day postdialysis and on a 3rd or 4th day postdialysis were compared to the effects of postural variation in normal subjects who were on a low sodium intake and on a high sodium intake. In contrast with the normal subjects who exhibited higher concentrations of plasma aldosterone after 2 hr of upright posture than in the supine position and low concentrations of plasma aldosterone on a high sodium intake, the anephric patients showed less consistent variations in plasma aldosterone due to changes in posture and exhibited higher concentrations of plasma aldosterone on the 3rd or 4th day postdialysis, despite an increase in body weight, than on the 1st day postdialysis. The increase in the concentration of plasma aldosterone in the anephric patients between the 1st day postdialysis and the 3rd or 4th day postdialysis indicates that aldosterone secretion is not responding primarily, in this situation, to volume-related stimuli. There was a high degree of correlation between the concentration of plasma aldosterone and the corresponding levels of serum potassium concentration, which also rose significantly between the 1st day postdialysis and the 3rd or 4th day postdialysis. Furthermore, when potassium accumulation between dialyses was prevented in three of these patients, the concentration of plasma aldosterone fell to minimally detectable levels. The results of these studies suggest that the primary regulator of aldosterone secretion in the absence of the kidneys is potassium.
Southeast Asian patients with chronic hepatitis C: The impact of novel genotypes and race on treatment outcome
Authors: Anouk T. Dev, Rhonda McCaw, Vijaya Sundararajan, Scott Bowden, William Sievert
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype and other host and viral factors influence treatment outcome in chronic HCV infection. We evaluated the effect of race and genotype on interferon and ribavirin treatment outcome in 70 Southeast Asian (SEA) and 50 white patients. Genotype was based on the 5’ untranslated region (5’UTR) with a commonly used line probe assay (INNO-LiPA HCV II) that may mistype genotype 7, 8, or 9 as 1b. HCV core region sequencing resulted in reclassification of 8 genotype 1 and 25 genotype 1b SEA subjects as genotype 7, 8, or 9. Twenty-six SEA genotype 7, 8, and 9 (79%) and 10 SEA true genotype 1b (59%) patients achieved a sustained virologic response (SVR) compared with 15 (34%) white genotype 1b patients. Logistic regression analysis showed that SEA patients with genotype 7, 8, or 9 were more likely to achieve a SVR than white genotype 1b patients (OR 16.56; 95%CI 4.16, 65.91) as were SEA true genotype 1b patients compared with white genotype 1b patients (OR 4.63; 95%CI 1.19, 18.04). In conclusion, a proportion of SEA patients classified by INNO-LiPA as genotype 1b were in reality genotype 7, 8, or 9. In comparison with white genotype 1b patients, both SEA genotype 1b and SEA genotype 7, 8, and 9 patients showed a significantly greater SVR. HCV core sequencing was necessary to determine genotype accurately in persons potentially exposed to HCV genotypes 7, 8, or 9. This study also supports the concept that race and ethnicity are important determinants of treatment outcome in HCV infected patients.
Etiology and Prevention of Gross Mucosal Lesions Seen After Gastric Freezing
Authors: Harvey N. Lippman, Leon Morgenstern, Joel F. Panish
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Gastric freezing is a complex phenomenon that depends on many critical factors for successful application. Failure to consider and control each factor may seriously injure the stomach. The location of the postfreezing mucosal injury sustained by the laboratory animal at standard temperatures and exposure periods is constant. The injury occurs almost without exception on the anterior wall of the proximal portion of the stomach in relation to the infusion tip of the cooling apparatus. By controlling the jet-thrust effect of introducing large quantities of cold alcohol into the stomach at a rapid flow rate through a single opening in the infusion tube, and by controlling the position of the infusion tip, these injuries may be eliminated. A special infusion device which was designed to meet both of these requirements has been described.
Serum studies in man after administration of vitamin A acetate and vitamin A alcohol: II In subjects suffering from disturbances of absorption and digestion
Authors: O. Fitzgerald, J. J. Fennelly, D. J. Hingerty
Journal: Gut (1962)

Vitamin A acetate and vitamin A alcohol, triolein I(131), oleic acid I(131), and fat balance tests have been assessed in studies on cases of coeliac disease, pancreatic insufficiency, and some disorders of the small intestinal wall. In coeliac disease a very low serum carotene and flat vitamin A absorption curves have been noted. The contrast between vitamin A acetate and alcohol curves has been clearly shown in cases of pancreatic disorder showing maldigestion. The correlation between vitamin A and triolein I(131) absorption (0.89) is closer than that between vitamin A and fat balance. In assessing intestinal absorption serum carotene figures are of value only if very low figures are found.
UPON THE PROPERTIES OF AN ANTITYPHOID SERUM OBTAINED FROM THE GOAT
Authors: A. Macfadyen
Journal: BMJ (1906)

In this communication I propose to give a brief account of the results obtained by the immunisation of the goat with the cell juices of the Bacillus typhosus , in continuation of researches already published which had fro their main object the production of an antibody for the endotoxin of the typhoid organism. These experiments met with partial success and failure. It will be sufficient on the present occasion to say that the goat proved a more suitable animal than the horse for arriving at a solution of the theoretical and practical considerations involved. The object was to arrive at the best method of producing with the material employed an antiendotoxin in adequate amount, with a view to its reapplication to the horse. During the progress of these researches experiments on analogous lines have been published by Dr. Besredka, and to these I will, in the first instance, refer. Dr. Besredka describes the results following the intravenous injection into a horse of the intact dead and living typhoid bacilli. The injections of the bacilli were carried out for a period of two years. The serum was tested for antiendotoxic properties against (1) killed and dried cultures of the B. typhosus , of which 0·01 gramme killed guinea pigs on intraperitoneal injection; (2) a soluble endotoxin extracted from the dead and dried bacilli, of which 1/8 c. c. killed guinea pigs. The results were as follows: 10 or 15 centigrammes of the dried serum (about 1 c. c. and 1·5 c. c. before drying) neutralised 10 or 15 lethal doses of the killed typhoid culture respectively on intraperitoneal injection into the guinea pig, and the 10 centigrammes of the dried serum neutralised 16 lethal doses of the soluble endotoxin. To obtain this low antitoxic value in the horse a period of two years was apparently necessary.
The Atrioventricular Conduction System in Persistent Common Atrioventricular Canal Defect
Authors: ROBERT H. FELDT, JAMES W. DUSHANE, JACK L. TITUS
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Serial histologic sections of the atrioventricular (A-V) conduction system were studied in four hearts with persistent common A-V canal, and the anatomic findings were related to the abnormal ECG patterns. Two hearts were examples of the partial form and two of the complete form of A-V canal. The major anatomic abnormalities were: (1) postero-inferior displacement of the A-V node; (2) relatively short distances between the A-V node and the origin of the left bundle branching; (3) marked posteroinferior displacement of the left bundle branching system; and (4) relative hypoplasia of the anterior (superior) left bundle branches. The anatomic configuration of the A-V conduction system in A-V canal could result in relatively early impulse propagation to the posterior aspect of the ventricular septum as suggested by reported electrophysiologica studies. The anatomic findings are considered to be related closely to the known ECG patterns of A-V canal.
A lawyer with the Hygeia touch
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> CD137L (4-1BBL) is a costimulatory molecule whose signaling can promote monocyte/macrophage functions; however, CD137L-mediated microglial response and its role in neuropathic pain remain unknown. We investigated CD137L following peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain using a spinal nerve L5 transection (L5Tx) murine model in both sexes. First, C57BL/6_CD137L knock-out (KO) mice displayed decreased mechanical and diminished heat hypersensitivity compared to wild-type (WT) controls, beginning on day 3 to up to day 35 post-L5Tx. Purified anti-mouse CD137L neutralizing monoclonal antibody (0.1 or 0.5 µg) was also used to identify CD137L’s window of action in BALB/c mice. Anti-CD137L antibody was intrathecally administered either from day 0 (before surgery) to day 7 (early treatment), or from day 6 to 13 post-L5Tx (late treatment), and nociceptive thresholds were assessed before surgery to up to day 35 post-surgery. Early treatment with anti-CD137L reduced L5Tx-induced mechanical but not heat hypersensitivity, while later treatment did not alter either sensitivity. Pro- versus anti-inflammatory responses within the lumbar spinal cord following L5Tx were further evaluated via quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in time-course studies. Following L5Tx, female CD137L KO mice did not show increased iNOS mRNA and had reduced numbers of IL-1β<sup>+</sup> cells compared to WT. At 21 d post-surgery, CD137L KO mice had higher total numbers of arginase (Arg)-1<sup>+</sup> cells and Arg-1<sup>+</sup> microglia. Altogether, results indicate that spinal cord CD137L contributes to the development of peripheral nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain, which may be in part mediated through CD137L’s modulation of the pro- and anti-inflammatory balance within the spinal cord.
Expression of mutant p53 protein and CD44 variant proteins in colorectal tumorigenesis.
Authors: J W Mulder, V J Wielenga, M M Polak, F M van den Berg, G R Adolf, P Herrlich, S T Pals, G J Offerhaus
Journal: Gut (1995)

Colorectal tumorigenesis evolves through a series of molecular genetic changes, providing putative markers for tumour progression. This study investigated the relation between expression of the tumour suppressor gene p53 and splice variants v5 and v6 of the cell adhesion molecule CD44 by immunohistochemistry on tissue samples of early adenomas (n = 12), late adneomas (n = 12), Dukes's A and B carcinomas (n = 21), and Dukes's C and D carcinomas (n = 22) and compared these results with expression of these proteins in normal colonic mucosa (n = 17). A statistically significant trend of increasing expression was seen for both p53 (p < 0.005) and CD44 variant exon v6 (p < 0.0005) in subsequent stages of this tumour progression model. High expression of CD44 v5 was seen in most colorectal neoplasms (83%-96%), independent of stage. A statistically significant correlation was present between p53 expression and expression of variant v6 of CD44 (p < 0.01). Both p53 expression and CD44 v6 expression in adenomas increased with the degree of dysplasia (p < 0.05). The results of this study show that mutant p53 protein and variant v6 of the CD44 glycoprotein are markers of tumour progression in colorectal cancer.
Children in Foster Care in the State of Washington
Authors: John I. Takayama
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine and compare health care utilization and expenditures of children in foster care with those of other children and to identify and describe high-cost children in foster care. <h3>Design.</h3> —Analysis of the Medicaid program claims data in the state of Washington. <h3>Population.</h3> —A total of 1631 children in foster care and 5316 children in the Aid to Families With Dependent Children (AFDC) program in 1990. The children were ages 0 through 7 years and eligible for Medicaid continuously during the study year. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —Health care utilization and expenditures classified by types of health service and health care provider; proportion of children with 1990 expenditures exceeding $10000 and most prominent diagnoses associated with their health care utilization. <h3>Results.</h3> —Mental health services were used by 25% of children in foster care compared with 3% of AFDC children (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), and supportive services of visiting nurses and physical therapists were used by 13% of children in foster care and 1% of AFDC children (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). Twice as many children in foster care than AFDC children used medical equipment or specialist services or were hospitalized (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). Mean health care expenditures in 1990 were $3075 for children in foster care and $543 for AFDC children (<i>P</i>&lt;.001). High-cost children included 8% of children in foster care and 0.4% of AFDC children. Among the high-cost children in foster care (n=106), 59% had mental disorders and 31% had congenital conditions. <h3>Conclusions.</h3> —Results suggest a higher prevalence and greater complexity of illnesses, particularly mental disorders, among children in foster care. Despite the high utilization and cost of mental health services, previous research suggests there may be underutilization of these services compared with need. Appropriate allocation of resources is essential if foster care agencies are to adequately meet the diverse and compelling needs of children in foster care. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1994;271:1850-1855)
Eradicating Helicobacter pylori in patients with duodenal ulcer: Authors' reply
Authors: A. K C Li
Journal: BMJ (1992)

requesting permission for HIV antibody testing some life assurance companies rightly ask pro- posers to nominate their general practitioner or another named doctor who should be informed in total confidence in the event of a positive result.This doctor need not be the one who obtained the sample, who may be less well known to the proposer and not necessarily in a position to offer long term support.This makes the procedure more personalised and acceptable to the proposer.My life assurance society does not at present use saliva tests for HIV antibody testing so I have not had to delete references to false positive results in policy holders' documents.In the less likely event of a false positive result of a blood test I would insist that the subsequent negative result was given due prominence.These documents remain strictly confidential to the underwriting team.
Consumer choices and the American health care system
Authors: T. N. Gorski
Journal: JAMA (1992)

To the Editor.  —Dr Reiser 1 makes some excellent observations and recommendations concerning current problems with the American health care system.  But I fail to appreciate why he states that funding for health care, at least for the general population,  come from workers, employers, and government, or why an equal contribution by each is needed to spread the financial burden of health care. Government dollars, after all, are nothing but the dollars of the productive members of society (ie, workers), that have been extracted from them by taxation, less a handling fee. Similarly, employer-paid health insurance is merely a wage equivalent that factors into the economic reality of the labor market.  I would like to see the tort law, insurance, and market incentive reforms that Reiser suggests. But I see no benefits in creating additional government involvement in the health care of the general population. Why should medicine be
The MBHI: Its Utilization in Assessment and Management of the Coronary Bypass Surgery Patient
Authors: Catherine J. Green, Theodore Millon, Robert B. Meagher, Jr.
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1983)

Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States today. Coronary bypass surgery is increasingly employed as a procedure to prolong the life of these patients. A major problem is optimizing the management of this vast patient population which is composed of individuals who may have experienced sudden entry into the patient role. Central to this is the task of characterizing certain critical features of the psychological makeup of these patients so as to modify or eliminate negative behavioral influences. The MBHI, developed for medical patients, serves in both diagnosis and treatment planning, facilitating and, when needed, psychotherapeutic intervention.