tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Muscle contraction mechanism: are alternative engines gathering steam?
Authors: G. H Pollack
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1995)

Muscle contraction mechanism: are alternative engines gathering steam? Get access Gerald H Pollack Gerald H Pollack Center for Bioengineering WD-12, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 29, Issue 6, June 1995, Pages 737–746, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6363(96)88607-X Published: 01 June 1995 Article history Received: 19 July 1994 Accepted: 07 February 1995 Published: 01 June 1995
New cholera vaccine is effective among people with HIV
Authors: Scott Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A new, orally administered cholera vaccine has been shown to be effective against clinically significant cholera in an urban sub-Saharan population with a high prevalence of HIV infection.

The results offer one of the best possibilities for improved control of cholera, even among HIV infected people, who may not respond well to other cholera vaccines.

The results come from an evaluation in Beira, Mozambique—a city where the seroprevalence of HIV is 20% to 30%—of a mass immunisation programme with an oral cholera vaccine consisting of recombinant cholera toxin B subunit and killed whole cells (the rBS-WC vaccine) ( New England Journal of Medicine 2005;352:757-67). The World Health Organization …
Mortality in patients with chronic and cleared hepatitis C viral infection: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Lars Haukali Omland, Henrik Krarup, Peter Jepsen, Jørgen Georgsen, Lene Holm Harritshøj, Kirsten Riisom, Svend Erik Hove Jacobsen, Per Schouenborg, Peer Brehm Christensen, Henrik Toft Sørensen, Niels Obel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
A Death in the Family
Authors: Melvin J. Krant
Journal: JAMA (1975)

WE all know that death in a family, if unexpected, causes great disturbance and pain in the survivors. However, we seem less aware that a death after long and wearying illness has a major impact on survivors, despite some sense of relief that prolonged suffering is over. As a society, we also wish to believe that bereavement is a short-lived state, and that people "get over it" in a few weeks. Physicians, trained as they are in medical schools and in teaching hospitals where survivors are not seen after a death, seldom have occasion to learn of the dynamics of grief or to participate in the treatment of grief reactions, unless an obvious medical problem also emerges. It is well known that the state of bereavement carries health risks, in physical and psychiatric as well as social spheres. The supreme risk is death itself. Not only is the suicide rate
Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Mutant Lung Cancer Cell Line with Acquired Resistance to Erlotinib
Authors: Kenichi Suda, Kenji Tomizawa, Makiko Fujii, Hideki Murakami, Hirotaka Osada, Yoshihiko Maehara, Yasushi Yatabe, Yoshitaka Sekido, Tetsuya Mitsudomi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Allogeneic stem cell transplant to eliminate germline mutations in the gene for CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α from hematopoietic cells in a family with AML
Authors: M Stelljes, A Corbacioglu, R F Schlenk, K Döhner, M C Frühwald, C Rossig, K Ehlert, G Silling, C Müller-Tidow, H Juergens, H Döhner, W E Berdel, J Kienast, S Koschmieder
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Contributes to Activation of Normal and Tumorigenic Liver Progenitor Cells
Authors: Wen Yang, He-Xin Yan, Lei Chen, Qiong Liu, Ya-Qin He, Le-Xing Yu, Shu-Hui Zhang, Dan-Dan Huang, Liang Tang, Xiao-Ni Kong, Chao Chen, Shu-Qin Liu, Meng-Chao Wu, Hong-Yang Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Adult hepatic progenitor (oval) cells are facultative stem cells in liver, which participate in a range of human liver diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular pathways regulating the expansion and differentiation of these cells are poorly understood. We show that active Wnt/β-catenin signaling occurs preferentially within the oval cell population, and forced expression of constitutively active β-catenin mutant promotes expansion of the oval cell population in the regenerated liver. More importantly, we identify a subpopulation of less differentiated progenitor-like cells in HCC cell lines and primary HCC tissues, which are defined by expression of the hepatic progenitor marker OV6 and endowed with endogenously active Wnt/β-catenin signaling. These OV6+ HCC cells possess a greater ability to form tumor in vivo and show a substantial resistance to standard chemotherapy compared with OV6− tumor cells. The fraction of tumor cells expressing OV6 is enriched after Wnt pathway activation, whereas inhibition of β-catenin signaling leads to a decrease in the proportion of OV6+ cells. In addition, the chemoresistance of OV6+ HCC progenitor-like cells can be reversed by lentivirus-delivered stable expression of microRNA targeting β-catenin. These results highlight the importance of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in activation and expansion of oval cells in normal rodent models and human HCCs. OV6+ tumor cells may represent the cellular population that confers HCC chemoresistance, and therapies targeted to the Wnt/β-catenin signaling may provide a specific method to disrupt this resistance mechanism to improve overall tumor control with chemotherapy. [Cancer Res 2008;68(11):4287–95]
Medical Emergencies in Flight
Authors: Marvin A. Klemes
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The SPECIAL COMMUNICATION on "Medical Aspects of Transportation Aboard Commercial Aircraft" (1982;247:1007) was of great interest to me. Not too long ago, I responded to an "if there is a doctor aboard..." request. An elderly woman had lost consciousness; according to her daughter, there was a history of heart disease, and chest pain had preceded the unconsciousness. She spontaneously regained consciousness; I examined her as well as I could under the circumstances (there were no instruments available, and I am a psychiatrist). I was reasonably sure that she was not having a myocardial infarction. Nevertheless, the trying part of this episode was when the copilot asked if I felt that we should make an emergency landing (!). My answer was "no," but I requested that an ambulance be available at our scheduled destination. However, I have often since thought about something that the article did not deal with:
Modeling Lung Cancer Evolution and Preclinical Response by Orthotopic Mouse Allografts
Authors: Chiara Ambrogio, Francisco J. Carmona, August Vidal, Mattia Falcone, Patricia Nieto, Octavio A. Romero, Sara Puertas, Miguel Vizoso, Ernest Nadal, Teresa Poggio, Montserrat Sánchez-Céspedes, Manel Esteller, Francisca Mulero, Claudia Voena, Roberto Chiarle, Mariano Barbacid, David Santamaría, Alberto Villanueva
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Cancer evolution is a process that is still poorly understood because of the lack of versatile in vivo longitudinal studies. By generating murine non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) orthoallobanks and paired primary cell lines, we provide a detailed description of an in vivo, time-dependent cancer malignization process. We identify the acquisition of metastatic dissemination potential, the selection of co-driver mutations, and the appearance of naturally occurring intratumor heterogeneity, thus recapitulating the stochastic nature of human cancer development. This approach combines the robustness of genetically engineered cancer models with the flexibility of allograft methodology. We have applied this tool for the preclinical evaluation of therapeutic approaches. This system can be implemented to improve the design of future treatments for patients with NSCLC. Cancer Res; 74(21); 5978–88. ©2014 AACR.
Angiotensin II attenuates renal cortical cyclooxygenase-2 expression
Authors: Hui-Fang Cheng, Jun-Ling Wang, Ming-Zhi Zhang, Yoichi Miyazaki, Iekuni Ichikawa, James A. McKanna, Raymond C. Harris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1999)

We have previously shown that in rat renal cortex, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is localized to cTALH cells in the region of the macula densa, and that dietary salt restriction increases COX-2 expression. Administration of the angiotensin converting inhibitor, captopril, further increased COX-2 mRNA and renal cortical COX-2 immunoreactivity, with the most pronounced expression in the macula densa. Administration of an AT1 receptor antagonist, losartan, also significantly increased cortical COX-2 mRNA expression and COX-2 immunoreactivity. Mutant mice homozygous for both Agtr1a and Agtr1b null mutations (Agtr1a-/-,Agtr1b-/-) demonstrated large increases in immunoreactive COX-2 expression inthe cTALH/macula densa. To determine whether increased COX-2expression in response to ACE inhibition mediated increases in renin production, rats were treated with captopril for one week with or without the specific COX-2 inhibitor, SC58236. Plasma renin activity increased significantly in the captropril group, and this increase was significantly inhibited by simultaneous treatment with SC58236. Thus, these studies indicated that angiotensin II inhibitors augment upregulation of renal cortical COX-2 in states of volume depletion, suggesting that negative feedback by the renin-angiotensin system modulates renal cortical COX-2 expression and that COX-2 is a mediator of increased renin production in response to inhibition of angiotension II production.
Increased tumor necrosis factor production by monocytes in alcoholic hepatitis
Authors: Craig J. McClain, Donald A. Cohen
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Tumor necrosis factor is a cytokine that mediates many of the biologic actions of endotoxin. Recent studies have shown that tumor necrosis factor administration may cause liver injury and that tumor necrosis factor may mediate the lethality of the hepatotoxin galactosamine. One of the most potent inducers of tumor necrosis factor production is endotoxin. Because patients with alcoholic liver disease frequently have endotoxemia and because many of the clinical manifestations of alcoholic hepatitis are known biologic actions of tumor necrosis factor, we thought it would be important to evaluate tumor necrosis factor activity in patients with alcoholic hepatitis. Basal and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated tumor necrosis factor release from peripheral blood monocytes, a major source of tumor necrosis factor production, was determined in 16 patients with alcoholic hepatitis and 16 healthy volunteers. Eight of 16 alcoholic hepatitis patients and only two of 16 healthy volunteers had detectable spontaneous tumor necrosis factor activity (p &lt; 0.05). After lipopolysaccharide stimulation, mean monocyte tumor necrosis factor release from alcoholic hepatitis patients was significantly increased to over twice that of healthy controls (25.3 ± 3.7 vs. 10.9 ± 2.4 units per ml, p &lt; 0.005). We conclude that monocytes from alcoholic hepatitis patients have significantly increased spontaneous and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated tumor necrosis factor release compared to monocytes from healthy volunteers. We suggest that some of the metabolic abnormalities and possibly some of the liver injury of alcoholic hepatitis may be due to enhanced tumor necrosis factor production.
Mediastinal Uptake of Tc-99m Pertechnetate in a Thymona
Authors: A JIMENEZ-HEFFERNAN, A PINEDA-ALBORNOZ, J MARANON-LOPEZ, B RODRIGUEZ-QUESADA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1989)

Uptake of Tc-99m sodium pertechnetate was observed in a mediastinal mass. Twenty-four hours following the administration of 1-131, no mediastinal activity was visualized. After surgery, the pathology report was malignant epithelial thymoma, well encapsulated and surrounded by soft tissue.
The determination of total body exchangeable O2 stores
Authors: Carroll E. Cross, Bernard S. Packer, Michael Altman, J. Bernard L. Gee, H. Victor Murdaugh, Eugene D. Robin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

A method is described for the measurement of total body exchangeable oxygen stores (TBO(2)). It is based on the dilution of the stable oxygen isotope, (18)O(2), by the body exchangeable oxygen stores under circumstances in which (18)O(2) steady-state equilibrium was evaluated simultaneously for both arterial and venous blood compartments. After evaluation of several simplifying assumptions, TBO(2) values in dog, normal man, and anemic patients were measured. The magnitude of the exchangeable nonlung oxygen stores was 11.0 +/- 3.1 ml/kg (SD) in 5 dogs, 11.9 +/- 2.1 ml/kg in 10 normal subjects, and 7.0 +/- 1.6 ml/kg in 8 patients with severe anemia (hematocrits of 25% or less).
Acidification of plasma by the red cell due to radiographic contrast materials.
Authors: M A Lichtman, M S Murphy, A A Whitbeck, M Pogal, E O Lipchik
Journal: Circulation (1975)

The effect of water-soluble radiographic contrast material on pH when added to blood in clinical dosages in vitro or when used in vivo for diagnostic purposes was examined. Contrast material caused a reduction of blood pH. The mechanism of this occurence was found to be the balancing of the negative charge of intracellular organic anions by the extracellular anionic contrast material molecules. The normal negative potential of about 10 mV across the red cell membrane was reduced, nullified, or reversed depending on the concentration of contrast material added to blood. As the inside of the cell became more positive with respect to the outside, protons were, in effect, repelled into plasma, although the apparent exodus of protons occurs by the generation and outward diffusion of carbon dioxide. Since the acidemia is dependent on rehydration of carbon dioxide in plasma, a reaction measured in seconds, the site of injection and transit time of dye will contribute to the pH of the plasma during passage through a regional capillary bed. We speculate that an alteration in membrane potential and/or the acute acidemia may contribute to the adverse effects of contrast material, particularly on tissues dependent on membrane electrical rhythmicity such as the myocardium.
Glucosamine and the Ongoing Enigma of Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Andrew L. Avins
Journal: JAMA (2010)

The use of the sulfate salt of glucosamine was also a wise choice given the issues surrounding the bioavailability of this dietary supplement and the role of sulfate in its potential efficacy. 5 The results of the trial were negative: on no outcome measure was there a statistically significant benefit of glucosamine over placebo. The 95% confidence intervals generally excluded any effect considered clinically meaningful, suggesting the results were probably not due to insufficient statistical power. Given the high quality of the trial methods and execution, the most likely explanation for the outcome is simply that glucosamine probably offers little benefit for chronic LBP with osteoarthritis beyond whatever placebo effect it may provide. Importantly, there were few adverse effects associated with the use of glucosamine in this study, consistent with other literature, indicating that glucosamine is well tolerated
Drug-Induced Illness
Authors: Robert B. Talley
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the prospective epidemiological study by Caranasos, Stewart, and Cluff (228:713, 1974) quantifying the problem of drug-induced illnesses, we were particularly interested in their finding that 2.9% of all admissions to their hospitals' medical service were due to drugs and that 6.2% of these patients died. This is an overall mortality for the medical services of 0.18% that can be directly attributed to adverse drug reactions (ADRs). We have been singled out as mythmakers in a speech by the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association Board Chairman, Richard M. Furlaud, at their last convention. In a paper<sup>1</sup>that we presented describing a new retrospective drug utilization review system that would lessen the hazards of drug therapy, we attempted to estimate the number of deaths in the United States due to ADRs on the basis of data available to us at the time (<i>Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp</i>119:299, 1966;<i>Can Med</i>
The Journey Back
Authors: Fitzhugh Mullan
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of proximal gastric vagotomy on calculated gastric HCO3- and nonparietal volume secretion in man. Studies during basal conditions and gastrin-17 infusion.
Authors: M Feldman, A J Blair, C T Richardson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

We calculated gastric HCO3- and H+ secretion, as well as nonparietal and parietal volume secretion, in 15 duodenal ulcer patients who had previously undergone successful proximal gastric vagotomy, 15 unoperated duodenal ulcer patients, and 15 normal control subjects. Basal HCO3- secretion was not significantly altered after vagotomy, while basal H+ secretion, parietal volume and nonparietal volume secretion were reduced significantly. Intravenous gastrin-17 infusion reduced gastric HCO3- secretion by approximately 50% in both unoperated ulcer patients and normal subjects (P less than 0.05). Gastrin-17 infusion did not inhibit gastric HCO3- secretion after vagotomy. In fact, mean gastric HCO3- secretion increased to a nearly significant extent in response to gastrin (P = 0.06). These findings indicate that gastrin inhibits gastric HCO3- secretion in humans and that the gastrin-induced reduction in gastric HCO3- secretion is dependent upon intact vagal innervation to the oxyntic mucosa.
On the Endosmotic Action of Medicines
Authors: C. Cogswell
Journal: BMJ (1852)

THE celebrated attempt of M. Poiseuille to illustrate the mode of Action of Medicines by reference to the laws of Endosmose and Exos- mose, in his memoir entitled "Recherches Exp&imentales sur lee Medicaments", in the Compte8 Rendus of the French Academy of Sciences for 1844, led to the following inquiry; my intention being to take up the subject where he had left off, and to carry it further into detail.In repeating his experiments, however, as nearly as could be judged from the description, I perceived sources of fallacy attending some of the results, which quite destroy their value as examples of the phenomena to which they are compared.Even in the case of the saline purgatives, where the analogy appears to be the strongest, we may be allowed to question whether too much influence is not attri- buted to one agency of a purely physical nature, in producing effects on the living organism, which are more probably due to a combination of causes.On the other hand, some remarkable varieties of endos- mose have come under my observation, coinciding with the peculiar properties according to which the substances concerned take their places in the classification of medicinal agents, and thus calculated, though on different grounds from those stated, to justify the opinion that endosmose really plays no unimportant part in the reactionis which follow the presence of medicimes in the system.As a general result of the original investigations of Dutrochet, it may be stated, that when two miscible fluids of different density are eparated from one another by a porous medium, two currents are established, one of greater intensity towards the denser fluid, and the other in the opposite direction.From the nature of the conditions under which they first attracted his notice, he was led to distinguish them by the names of Endosmose and Exosmose, signifying an impulse VOL.IV.
BMA calls for NHS constitution
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The BMA is urging the government to adopt a formal NHS constitution that would set out the responsibilities of the service in England and a new governance structure for administering it.

Under the plan, an NHS board of governors and an NHS executive management board would take responsibility for managing the day to day running of the NHS and for overseeing performance.

The medical profession, says the BMA, has become concerned that the volume and pace of reform in recent years have “destabilised the health service and alienated large sections of its dedicated staff.” …