tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Management of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Panagiotis A Konstantinopoulos, Christopher S Awtrey
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Ovarian cancer includes primary tumors of epithelial, sex cord-stromal, or germ cell origin as well as metastatic tumors that frequently originate in the gastrointestinal tract. Approximately 90% of ovarian cancer is epithelial in origin and constitutes a major therapeutic challenge because of its advanced stage of presentation in most patients. Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy and the fifth most common cause of female cancer death in the United States, with approximately 1 in 70 women developing this disease in their lifetime. Several important advances in surgical and medical management of this disease have led to prolongation of survival and improvement of quality of life of patients with ovarian cancer. Using the case of Ms W, we discuss the signs, symptoms, risk factors, and prognostic factors of epithelial ovarian cancer; review the evidence for surgical and postoperative medical management; and present the current recommendations for screening and follow-up.
EXPERIMENTAL CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER
Authors: ARTHUR L. GROVER
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Ever since Laennec<sup>1</sup>first described cirrhosis of the liver, there has been an immense amount of experimental work done as to the etiology and histology of this disease. Joannovics<sup>2</sup>in 1904 gave a summary of the work that had been done up to that time together with a summary of the methods used. Briefly these methods as given by him can be summarized as follows: He divides all previous research into two main classes; one in which the formation and increase of interlobular connective tissue takes place with cirrhosis of the liver, and the other in which degeneration of the liver-cells takes place. He says that all operative interferences whether working on the common bile-duct, the portal vein or the hepatic artery belong to the first class, together with the injection of irritating substances into the common bileduct or into the parenchyma of the liver itself, and also
The SUPPORT Project and Improving Care for Seriously III Patients
Authors: William J. Donnelly
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —A $28 million,<sup>1</sup>5-hospital clinical trial failed "[t]o improve end-of-life decision making and reduce the frequency of a mechanically supported, painful, and prolonged process of dying."<sup>2</sup>The study's investigators concluded: "Enhancing opportunities for more patient-physician communication, although advocated as the major method for improving patient outcomes, may be inadequate to change established practices." But how did the investigators try to enhance patient-physician communication? "[A] skilled nurse augmented the care team to elicit patient preferences, provide prognoses, enhance understanding, enable palliative care, and facilitate advance planning." These nurses were given the responsibility for initiating and continuing conversations with patients or families about, for example, CPR and reporting information about patient preferences to attending physicians. However, "there was no requirement for them [attending physicians] to share or discuss the information with the patient or family." It seems hardly surprising that the study's intervention did not improve patient-physician
New study warns of potential epidemics in UK
Authors: Barbara Kermode-Scott
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A new Canadian study suggests that Britain may face a high risk of epidemics in preventable diseases such as measles and whooping cough.

The study's authors, Chris Bauch and David Earn, analysed how the general public's perception of the risks associated with vaccines can influence vaccination uptake rates and disease outbreaks. They found that a parent's decision to vaccinate or not is influenced by their perception of the vaccine's risk, whether that risk is accurate or inflated (published online in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on 25 August, in PNAS “early edition” (http://www.pnas.org/).

The researchers investigated …
A case of mycosis fungoides mimicking actinic reticuloid
Authors: S.M. NEILL, A. VIVIER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1985)

A 61‐year‐old man presented with erythema and induration of the skin on his face and neck. Initially a photosensitive dermatosis was suspected but this was excluded on further investigation. Mycosis fungoides was diagnosed and the lesions responded to photochemotherapy (PUVA).
P754Involvement of the transcription factor C/EBPbeta in pregnancy-induced cardiac hypertrophy
Authors: I Redondo-Angulo, A Planavila, M Giralt, F Villarroya
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Pregnancy is a physiological model of adaptive and reversible heart enlargement. The molecular mechanisms determining physiological, non-pathological, heart enlargement are poorly known. Here we analyzed the role of the transcription factor C/EBPβ in the development of pregnancy-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Methods: We used a model of C/EBPβ haploinsufficiency (C/EBPβ+/-) in mice to determine the role of C/EBPβ in heart adaptations to pregnancy. Wild-type (Wt) and C/EBPβ+/- pregnant mice at day 18 of gestation were sacrificed, non-pregnant mice of the two genotypes at similar age served as controls. Heart was dissected and processed for microscopy analysis, and frozen for further molecular determinations. Blood was collected and glucose and triglyceride levels were measured. Plasma was used for analysis of hormonal and cytokine profile (insulin, leptin, MCP-1, interleukin-6, resistin) employing Multiplex. qPCR was used to determine gene expression levels. Results: C/EBPβ expression was increased in heart from Wt pregnant mice. Expression of other C/EBP subtypes (α and δ) was not affected by gestation. C/EBPβ+/- mice expressed C/EBPβ proteins to levels close to one-half those in Wt. Pregnancy-induced changes in systemic metabolic and hormonal profiles were not essentially different in WTs versus C/EBPβ+/- mice. C/EBPβ+/- mice developed pregnancy-induced heart hypertrophy (heart weight to tibia length ratio) to a lower extent relative to Wt mice. The increase in cardiomyocyte size observed in pregnant Wt mice did not occur in pregnant C/EBPβ+/- mice. The expression of marker genes of pathological cardiac hypertrophy, such as ANF and actinin, were unaltered due to pregnancy or to C/EBPβ haploinsufficiency. Genes involved in glucose (GLUT1 and GLUT4 transporters), and fatty acid (medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase) metabolism tended to be less expressed in hearts from C/EBPβ+/- mice. Among gene markers of inflammation whose expression was analyzed in heart, interleukin-6 (IL-6) showed a marked differential behaviour in C/EBPβ+/-pregnant mice: whereas pregnancy strongly induced cardiac IL-6 expression in Wts, this phenomenon did not occur in C/EBPβ+/- mice. Conclusions: In pregnancy, heart hypertrophies and cardiomyocyte area increases as a physiological adaptive phenomenon. Here we found that normal levels of C/EBPβ are required for this phenomenon to occur. Events such as the increase in IL-6 in the heart of pregnant mice are prevented in C/EBPβ+/- animals. Thus, C/EBPβ appears as a transcription factor required for cardiac hypertrophy response to gestation.
Abnormal left ventricular wall motion at mid-ejection in patients with coronary heart disease.
Authors: R F Leighton, M E Pollack, T G Welch
Journal: Circulation (1975)

The degree of inward motion at mid-ejection was examined for seven segments on the silhouettes of left ventriculograms taken in the 30 degrees RAO projection in patients with normal coronary arteries. The pattern of wall motion described in these patients was used to distinguish abnormalities in mid-systolic wall motion. One or more abnormally contracting segments were found at mid-ejection of 27 of 42 patients with obstructive coronary artery disease and normal end-systolic wall motion. Of the 57 segments found in these patients, 41 or 72% corresponded to sites of significant coronary artery obstruction. Seven patients had electrocardiographic evidence of prior infarction. Following coronary graft surgery in eight patients improved motion was found in association with graft patency in seven priviously delayed segments and two new areas of delayed wall motion associated with nonpatent grafts and electrocardiographic changes of infarction appeared. We postulate that some of the myocardial fibers in late contracting segments have been injured or infarcted and are able to contract effectively only during the latter half of ejection when ventricular wall tension is reduced.
Colored Tents for Hospital Corps.
Authors: J. Adelphi Gottlieb
Journal: JAMA (1900)

New York, July 20, 1900. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I note inThe Journalfor July 21, under the above caption, a letter from T. R. Perry, M.D., of Alabama, in which he makes a very apt suggestion; but would like to bring the fact to the notice of all concerned, that the National Volunteer Emergency-Service Medical Corps is the only organization in the civilized world making use of a distinct medicomilitary system of immediate identification. We have tents alternately striped green, red and white, the colors of our corps; our flag is also eminently distinct and appropriate; and our uniforms are gray, trimmed with green and red, easily distinguished, and neat and clean; thus our medical officers are instantly recognized. It is hoped to make this system international, some of the foremost powers have given favorable consideration to our plans already. Our office at 304 West 104th Street, will be
PROPHYLAXIS AGAINST WAR
Authors: A. Bern Hirsh
Journal: JAMA (1933)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —It is encouraging to note, in your report of the International Conference on Medical Economics (The Journal, October 22, p. 1434), that the Dutch Medical Association has a Committee for Prophylaxis Against War. Your correspondent adds: "This is a new body which believes that the medical profession has a special mission in regard to the fight against war, using the parallel of the Red Cross." In this connection it might be timely to recall that the first organized effort to enlist physicians in the cause of world comity was made through the Association Médicale Internationale pour Aider à la Suppression de la Guerre, founded in March, 1905, by that representative French colleague, Dr. Joseph Rivière of Paris. It was his aim, through fellow practitioners, to build up a strong, world-wide sentiment against conflicts between nations, and a widespread membership in this praiseworthy movement had been gained through
Neurological Symptoms with Phenothiazines
Authors: S. Bockner
Journal: BMJ (1964)

CJOUnNc L tion necessary.The one case had taken only small oral doses of ergotamine; the other was receiving subcutaneous dihydroergotamine.This report was referred to in our article' in the British Medical 7ournal four years ago.Our own report was on gangrenous ergotism in a woman of 45 who had taken only 7 tablets, each containing 1 mg.ergotamine tartrate, over three days-not for migraine.Amputation of both legs, the right thumb, and tip of right index finger had to be performed.We believe that migraine confers immunity to possible side-effects from ergotamine, and further that the route of administration is probably of little importance.In some cases side-effects may arise because of abnormal response to accepted therapeutic dosage.The smallest possible dose that will control the symptoms of migraine must be found by gradually increasing the dose with each attack-increasing from 1 mg.by 1 mg.increments, respectively, in subsequent attacks until either a satisfactory dose is thus safely found, or side-effects are too severe.Paraesthesiae, coldness, and pains in the extremities should be reported at once.-We are, etc.,
Electrolyte and Water Excretion in Arterial Hypertension. I. Studies in Non-Medically Treated Subjects with Essential Hypertension1
Authors: William Hollander, Walter E. Judson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1957)

In a preliminary investigation it was reported that abnormally high rates of sodium excretion followed the infusion of hypertonic saline in un- treated patients with essential hypertension (1).Furthermore, it was noted that several oral drugs commonly employed in the treatment of hyperten- sion usually modified this pattern of renal sodium excretion.The present report describes further work on sodium excretion in hypertensive patients and in general agrees with previous reports of other authors (2, 3).In addition, it describes studies made in an attempt to clarify the disturb- ance of sodium excretion in hypertension and its relationship to renal function, renal hemodynamics, salt intake, and splanchnic sympathetic activity.
Comparison of Ranitidine and Cimetidine in the Treatment of Gastric Hypersecretion
Authors: MARTIN J. COLLEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

The H2-histamine receptor antagonists, cimetidine and ranitidine, were compared for their abilities to control acid secretion on a short- and long-term basis in 13 patients with gastric hypersecretory disorders. The rate of onset of action did not differ between the two drugs. The actions of both drugs were increased by an anticholinergic agent, and there was a close correlation between the daily maintenance dose of each drug needed to control acid secretion. However, ranitidine was threefold more potent than cimetidine and no male patient developed breast changes or impotence while taking ranitidine. Treatment with high doses of ranitidine for 6 to 25 months was not associated with hepatic or hematologic toxicity or alterations of serum gastrin levels, but was associated with a significantly lower serum creatinine level than that seen with cimetidine therapy. These studies show that ranitidine can adequately inhibit acid secretion in patients with gastric hypersecretory disorders, is safe at high doses, does not cause the antiandrogen side effects frequently seen with high doses of cimetidine, and is threefold more potent than cimetidine. Patients who are relatively resistant to cimetidine will have proportional resistance to ranitidine.
Diabinese® and Dialume®
Authors: DAVID J. COHEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1982Diabinese® and Dialume®DAVID J. COHEN, M.D., MARTIN SALTZMAN, M.D., GERALD B. APPEL, M.D.DAVID J. COHEN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, MARTIN SALTZMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, GERALD B. APPEL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-97-2-285 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Errors in drug administration may be caused by the use of drugs with similar trade names (1-4). Oral hypoglycemic agents have been involved in a number of these cases. We report two cases in which erroneous administration of Diabinese (Pfizer Laboratories; New York, New York) in place of Dialume (Armour Pharmaceutical Company; Tarrytown, New York) to patients on chronic dialysis resulted in life-threatening hypoglycemia.A 72-year-old woman with diabetes on chronic hemodialysis maintained blood glucose levels below 180 mg/dL with dietary control. After fracturing her femur she was admitted for orthopedic management. Blood glucose was 123 mg/dL....References1. AHLQUIST D, NELSON R, and CALLAWAY C. Pseudoinsulinoma syndrome from inadvertent tolazamide ingestion. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:281-2. LinkGoogle Scholar2. WITTAKER R. Confused drug names [Letter], Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:933. Google Scholar3. SANDOR I. Confused drug names [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:933. LinkGoogle Scholar4. ALDRICH T. Confused drug names [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:933-4. LinkGoogle Scholar5. PETITPIERRE B, PERTIN L, RUDHART M, MERRERA A, and FABRE J. Behaviour of chlorpropamide in renal insufficiency and under the effect of associated drug therapy. Int J Clin Pharm Ther Tox. 1972;6:120-4. Google Scholar6. APPEL G and NEU H. The use of drugs in renal failure. DM. 1979;25:1-44. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: DAVID J. COHEN, M.D.; MARTIN SALTZMAN, M.D.; GERALD B. APPEL, M.D.Affiliations: Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center New York, NY 10032 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHypoglycemia Associated with Renal FailureDrug-Induced Hypoglycemia: A Review of 1418 CasesHypoglycemia due to inadvertent dispensing of chlorpropamideInadvertent Dispensing of Oral Hypoglycemic DrugsInadvertent Chlorpropamide Hypoglycemia — No Longer Once in a Blue Moon?Insulin, glucagon and oral hypoglycemic drugsDiabinese-Dialume: A Potential CatastropheCorrection: Values for Blood Levels of Diabinese 1 August 1982Volume 97, Issue 2Page: 285-286KeywordsBloodDrug administrationDrugsFemurGlucoseHypoglycemiaHypoglycemicsMedical dialysisOrthopedics ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1982 PDF downloadLoading ...
Iodothyronine Metabolism in Rat Liver Homogenates
Authors: Michael M. Kaplan, Robert D. Utiger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

To investigate mechanisms of extrathyroidal thyroid hormone metabolism, conversion of thyroxine (T4) to 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) and degradation of 3,3′,5′-triiodothyronine (rT3) were studied in rat liver homogenates. Both reactions were enzymatic. For conversion of T4 to T3, the Km of T4 was 7.7 μM, and the Vmax was 0.13 pmol T3/min per mg protein. For rT3 degradation, the Km of rT3 was 7.5 nM, and the Vmax was 0.36 pmol rT3/min per mg protein. Production of rT3 or degradation of T4 or T3 was not detected under the conditions employed. rT3 was a potent competitive inhibitor of T4 to T3 conversion with a Ki of 4.5 nM; 3,3′-diiodothyronine was a less potent inhibitor of this reaction. T4 was a competitive inhibitor of rT3 degradation with a Ki of 10.2 μM. Agents which inhibited both reactions included propylthiouracil, which appeared to be an allosteric inhibitor, 2,4-dinitrophenol, and iopanoic acid. Sodium diatrizoate had a weak inhibitory effect. No inhibition was found with α-methylparatyrosine, Fe+2, Fe+3, reduced glutathione, β-hydroxybutyrate, or oleic acid.
Abstract 4311: Utilising the preclinical Vk*MYC model of multiple myeloma to rapidly and effectively screen novel therapies and their combinations
Authors: Geoffrey M. Matthews, Marta Chesi, Marcus Lefebure, Jake Shortt, Kellie Banks, Kym Stanley, David Faulkner, Peter Atadja, Leif Bergsagel, Ricky W. Johnstone
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological neoplasm with an unmet need for novel therapeutic options. Here we employed the genetically tractable Vk*MYC murine model of MM to screen current and novel therapeutics in transgenic Vk*MYC mice and in transplant models of Vk*MYC MM. In addition to assessing single agent activity we also determined the effects of the histone-deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) panobinostat (LBH-589) with the proteosome inhibitor bortezomib (Velcade) used in combination. Methods: Current and novel anti-MM agents (32) were screened in transgenic Vk*MYC mice (≥60wk) using clinically based regimens. Of these, panobinostat and bortezomib were shown to be the most efficacious and were selected to treat immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice bearing transplanted Vk*MYC MM (2 months post-transplant). Combination therapy was investigated in transplanted Vk*MYC MM consisting of low dose panobinostat (10mg/kg) with bortezomib (0.5mg/kg). Serum paraprotein levels were measured in all mice. Tumour load, drug targets and apoptosis were assessed by FACS or IHC staining of bone marrow sections. Results: Initial drug screening in Vk*MYC transgenic mice demonstrated anti-MM activity of panobinostat and bortezomib reflected by 50 and &amp;gt;25% reductions from baseline paraprotein levels, respectively. Similarly, serum paraprotein in C57BL/6 mice bearing Vk*MYC MM was significantly reduced with panobinostat (25mg/kg, 4d; 15mg/kg 5d/wk, 3wk) and bortezomib (0.5mg/kg, every 4d) alone compared with vehicle-treated mice. Moreover, panobinostat induced a significant survival advantage compared with vehicle (36.5d vs. 16d, p&amp;lt;0.01). Combination therapy using panobinostat and bortezomib at low doses reduced paraprotein significantly more than either agent alone. This was associated with histone-H3 acetylation, apoptosis induction and a reduction in viable plasma cells within bone marrow. Conclusions: These results suggest that panobinostat and bortezomib have single agent activity against MM and are the first to demonstrate therapeutic benefit in the pre-clinical Vk*MYC MM model. Moreover, combination therapies of panobinostat with proteosome inhibitors may be a rational approach for the treatment of MM. Future studies will investigate the molecular events underlying the single agent and combination effects of panobinostat and bortezomib using the Vk*MYC MM model. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4311. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4311
Avi's Story
Authors: Joseph Herman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Ad Libitum15 June 1991Avi's StoryJoseph Herman, MDJoseph Herman, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-12-1061 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAvi, a strapping young man of 26, came in to see me one morning. Exuding good nature and engaging self-confidence, he said that he was within a few weeks of completing a course of electrical engineering at a technician's level. He then confided that, over the past four months, he had the feeling something was going on inside his head. It was difficult for him to be more explicit but my own interpretation of his complaint, after repeated questioning, was that some component of his sense of balance had gone awry. He attended night school and, during the day, worked... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Jerusalem Israel PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 1991Volume 114, Issue 12Page: 1061-1061KeywordsEmotions Issue Published: 15 June 1991 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Megaloblastic Anemia in Scurvy with Response to 50 Microgm. of Folic Acid Daily
Authors: Ralph Zalusky, Victor Herbert
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

THE daily dietary requirement for folic acid is unknown, as is the minimal dose of folic acid that will induce hematologic response in a patient with folic acid deficiency. However, it has recently been reported that patients with folic acid deficiency in association with sprue respond hematologically to the oral administration of 25 microgm. of pteroylglutamic (folic) acid per day superimposed on their normal poor diet, which contains from 1000 to 1300 microgm. of total folic acid activity.1 This finding suggests that they absorb only a small fraction of the total folic acid activity of the diet.The present study . . .