tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Thrombospondin-1 is a novel negative regulator of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy through transforming growth factor-beta1 activation in mice
Authors: Hiromitsu Hayashi, Keiko Sakai, Hideo Baba, Takao Sakai
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Abstract The matricellular protein, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), is prominently expressed during tissue repair. TSP-1 binds to matrix components, proteases, cytokines, and growth factors and activates intracellular signals through its multiple domains. TSP-1 converts latent transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1) complexes into their biologically active form. TGF-β plays significant roles in cell-cycle regulation, modulation of differentiation, and induction of apoptosis. Although TGF-β1 is a major inhibitor of proliferation in cultured hepatocytes, the functional requirement of TGF-β1 during liver regeneration remains to be defined in vivo . We generated a TSP-1-deficient mouse model of a partial hepatectomy (PH) and explored TSP-1 induction, progression of liver regeneration, and TGF-β-mediated signaling during the repair process after hepatectomy. We show here that TSP-1-mediated TGF-β1 activation plays an important role in suppressing hepatocyte proliferation. TSP-1 expression was induced in endothelial cells (ECs) as an immediate early gene in response to PH. TSP-1 deficiency resulted in significantly reduced TGF-β/Smad signaling and accelerated hepatocyte proliferation through down-regulation of p21 protein expression. TSP-1 induced in ECs by reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulated TGF-β/Smad signaling and proliferation in hepatocytes in vitro , suggesting that the immediately and transiently produced ROS in the regenerating liver were the responsible factor for TSP-1 induction. Conclusions: We have identified TSP-1 as an inhibitory element in regulating liver regeneration by TGF-β1 activation. Our work defines TSP-1 as a novel immediate early gene that could be a potential therapeutic target to accelerate liver regeneration. (Hepatology 2011)
DYNAMIC NATURE OF NON-CULPRIT CORONARY ARTERY LESION MORPHOLOGY IN ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION PATIENTS: A SERIAL VIRTUAL HISTOLOGY-INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND ANALYSIS FROM THE HORIZONS-ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION TRIAL
Authors: Zhijing Zhao, Bernhard Witzenbichler, Gary S. Mintz, So-Yeon Choi, Xiaofan Wu, Yong He, Ovidiu Dressler, Ecaterina Cristia, Helen Praise, Roxana Mehran, Gregg W. Stone, Akiko Maehara
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
THREE CASES OF FRACTURE IN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF JOINTS TREATED BY PLATING
Authors: G. H. Colt
Journal: BMJ (1914)

THE three cases which form the subject of tllis paper will De related in some detail, because they serve to illustrate ,ertain controversial points both as regards the treatment Af fractures in thQ neighbourhood of joints and the smployment of internal splintage in cases of compound racture.
460 RECIPIENT MTHFR C677T POLYMORPHISM PREDICTS PRE-TRANSPLANT CIRRHOSIS PROGRESSION AND SURVIVAL AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: S. Ginanni Corradini, M.A. Burza, F. Ferri, A. Molinaro, A. Cantafora, I. Blotta, M. Mordenti, M.G. Mazzucconi, G. Ferretti, V. Giannelli, M. Merli, A.F. Attili, P.B. Berloco, M. Rossi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Complex inheritance of familial hypercholanemia with associated mutations in TJP2 and BAAT
Authors: Victoria E. H. Carlton, Baruch Z. Harris, Erik G. Puffenberger, A. K. Batta, A. S. Knisely, Donna L. Robinson, Kevin A. Strauss, Benjamin L. Shneider, Wendell A. Lim, Gerald Salen, D. Holmes Morton, Laura N. Bull
Journal: Nature Genetics (2003)
The Hawksley random zero sphygmomanometer. Used in epidemiology, not individual people.
Authors: W W Holland
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Results of different studies examining accuracy of Hawksley random zero sphygmomanometer compared with standard mercury sphygnomanometer.Three groups presented results as the mean differences between the two instruments; the two others reported the range ofdifference Systolic Diastolic pressure (mm Hg) pressure StudyMeasurement given (mm Hg) Phase IV Phase V
Direct recognition of the mycobacterial glycolipid, trehalose dimycolate, by C-type lectin Mincle
Authors: Eri Ishikawa, Tetsuaki Ishikawa, Yasu S. Morita, Kenji Toyonaga, Hisakata Yamada, Osamu Takeuchi, Taroh Kinoshita, Shizuo Akira, Yasunobu Yoshikai, Sho Yamasaki
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2009)

Tuberculosis remains a fatal disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which contains various unique components that affect the host immune system. Trehalose-6,6′-dimycolate (TDM; also called cord factor) is a mycobacterial cell wall glycolipid that is the most studied immunostimulatory component of M. tuberculosis. Despite five decades of research on TDM, its host receptor has not been clearly identified. Here, we demonstrate that macrophage inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) is an essential receptor for TDM. Heat-killed mycobacteria activated Mincle-expressing cells, but the activity was lost upon delipidation of the bacteria; analysis of the lipid extracts identified TDM as a Mincle ligand. TDM activated macrophages to produce inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide, which are completely suppressed in Mincle-deficient macrophages. In vivo TDM administration induced a robust elevation of inflammatory cytokines in sera and characteristic lung inflammation, such as granuloma formation. However, no TDM-induced lung granuloma was formed in Mincle-deficient mice. Whole mycobacteria were able to activate macrophages even in MyD88-deficient background, but the activation was significantly diminished in Mincle/MyD88 double-deficient macrophages. These results demonstrate that Mincle is an essential receptor for the mycobacterial glycolipid, TDM.
Prophylaxis for Opportunistic Infections in Patients with HIV Infection
Authors: Joel E. Gallant
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Objective: To review the efficacy of chemoprophylaxis for opportunistic infections in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Data Sources: English-language articles on the prevention of HIV-related opportunistic infections were identified through MEDLINE (1985 to 1993) and through review of abstracts presented at the International Conferences on AIDS, the Interscience Conferences on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, and the National Conference on Human Retroviruses and Related Diseases. Study Selection: Importance was assigned in descending order to controlled clinical trials, uncontrolled trials and retrospective studies, and prospective observational studies. Data Synthesis: Persons infected with HIV who are at risk for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia should receive prophylaxis, preferably with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Alternative agents are aerosolized pentamidine, dapsone, and dapsone-pyrimethamine. Patients who are seropositive for Toxoplasma gondii may benefit from primary prophylaxis against toxoplasmosis using trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or dapsone-pyrimethamine. Life-long secondary prophylaxis is indicated for all patients previously treated for toxoplasmic encephalitis. Long-term suppressive therapy is required for all patients with cryptococcal meningitis and histoplasmosis, and many patients with recurrent mucosal candidiasis also benefit from long-term suppression. The role of primary prophylaxis of fungal infections, however, is uncertain. Rifabutin has been approved to prevent disseminated infection with Mycobacterium avium complex and is indicated for all patients with CD4 counts less than 100/mm3. Chemoprophylaxis with isoniazid for 12 months is indicated in all patients infected with HIV who have or are at high risk for M. tuberculosis infection. No effective primary prophylactic agent is available for cytomegalovirus disease, although several investigational drugs are being studied. Acyclovir is effective in decreasing recurrences of herpes simplex virus infection. The incidence of common bacterial infections is decreased by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is recommended for adult patients infected with HIV, and Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine is recommended for children infected with HIV. Conclusions: A growing number of infections related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are preventable with currently available agents. Issues of drug interactions, toxicity, and cost-effectiveness will become increasingly important in the management of patients with advanced HIV disease.
INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION
Authors: G. H. Whipple, F. H. Rodenbaugh, A. R. Kilgore
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1916)

A definite intoxication develops as a result of a closed intestinal loop and toxic material accumulates in the closed loops. Much evidence has been submitted to show that this loop poison causes the intoxication observed after producing a closed intestinal loop. Sufficient evidence has been presented to prove that the essential poison is present in these closed intestinal loops, and usually in concentrated form. Chemical study of the contents of closed intestinal loops shows that a single substance or group of substances possesses toxic properties. This resists autolysis and pancreatic and ereptic digestion. It is thrown out of solution by five volumes of alcohol or by half saturation with ammonium sulphate. It is readily soluble in water and is not injured by boiling. It is not removed by dialysis. The method of isolation excludes practically all substances except primary proteoses. The characteristic resistance to digestive enzymes suggests a heteroproteose. Proteose intoxication in dogs gives a picture identical with that described after poisoning with intestinal loop fluid: early salivation and vomiting, followed by diarrhea and prostration, fall in temperature and blood pressure, and finally death in collapse. Autopsy shows essentially a splanchnic paralysis and remarkable engorgement of liver and spleen, but especially of the mucosa of the duodenum and small intestine. The blood shows great concentration due to loss of fluid and may remain incoagulable because of an excess production of antithrombin. Proteoses escaping from the blood are excreted in the urine. This toxic proteose concerned in intestinal obstruction has not yet been isolated in the urine, but may be excreted by the kidneys. This probably explains the clinical improvement and lessened intoxication noted after transfusion. Experimental evidence points to a primary proteose as the essential poison concerned in the intoxication of closed intestinal loops and intestinal obstruction.
Quality of Early Working Alliance in Psychotherapy: Diagnoses, Relationship and Intrapsychic Variables as Predictors
Authors: Anne Grete Hersoug, Jon T. Monsen, Odd E. Havik, Per Høglend
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2001)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; The aim of the study was the prediction of the quality of early working alliance, using possible predictors among patient pretreatment variables: diagnoses, current and past relationships and intrapsychic ones. Data are&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;from the ongoing, naturalistic Norwegian Multisite Project on Process and Outcome of Psychotherapy (NMSPOP). &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; The sample, n = 270, is recruited from 15 outpatient clinics; 61.1% of the patients have personality disorders. Alliance was assessed with the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI), and predictors include independent clinicians’ evaluations of diagnostic/interpersonal/intrapsychic characteristics and the patients’ self-reports on similar and additional variables. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; Four of 6 hypotheses were supported: Quality of working alliance is difficult to predict, early alliance is better predicted than later, diagnostic variables do not predict quality of working alliance, but quality of both current and past relationships is associated with working alliance. In a hierarchical multiple-regression analysis, 7% variance of working alliance in the 3rd session was explained from current relationship variables, whereas alliance in the 12th session was not predicted by the same model. Intrapsychic variables predicted the therapists’ ratings of alliance, but not the patients’ ratings. &lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt; The results are in line with previous research, and also with the theoretical model for working alliance.
Urologist cleared of manslaughter
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A urologist accused of the manslaughter of an elderly patient who died during a nephrectomy was cleared this week after the judge presiding over the trial ruled that there was no case to answer.

The recorder of Leeds, Judge Norman Jones QC, accepted a submission from defence counsel Robert Smith QC that Hurais Syed, 48, should be discharged at the end of the four week prosecution case.

After three days of legal argument the judge ruled at Leeds Crown Court that the prosecution …
EULOGY DELIVERED AT THE FUNERAL OF THE COUNT, KNIGHT-COMMANDER, PROFESSOR GIAMBATTISTA ERCOLANI.
Authors: GIROLAMO COCCONI
Journal: JAMA (1884)

The profound sorrow felt by Bologna at the sad announcement of the irreparable loss of Giambattista Count Ercolani, calls us to-day, reverent and desolate, around this bier for the last farewell to the illustrious and excellent citizen. But it is not the mourning of Bologna only; all Italy with emotion lifts the funeral shroud, and salutes the corpse of one of her most famous and favorite sons. Wherever darted the swift, electric fluid, conveying the sad intelligence, a cry of grief burst from all who knew the man or his reputation. Scientific academies, universities, bodies of learned men, politicians, civil and military authorities, civic, municipal and provincial associations vie with each other in rendering this tribute of respect, affection, and sorrow to the man who had such claims on the public regard. The press of the city, every class of liberals in politics, are unanimously showing the general grief. An
Chlorination Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water and Congenital Anomalies: Review and Meta-Analyses
Authors: Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen, David Martinez, James Grellier, James Bennett, Nicky Best, Nina Iszatt, Martine Vrijheid, Mireille B. Toledano
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

The aim of this study was to review epidemiologic evidence, provide summary risk estimates of the association between exposure to chlorination disinfection by-products (DBPs) and congenital anomalies, and provide recommendations for future studies.We included all published epidemiologic studies that evaluated a relationship between an index of DBP exposure (treatment, water source, DBP measurements, and both DBP measurements and personal characteristics) and risk of congenital anomalies. When three or more studies examined the same exposure index and congenital anomaly, we conducted a meta-analysis to obtain a summary risk estimate comparing the highest exposure group with the lowest exposure group. When five or more studies examined total trihalomethane (TTHM) exposure and a specific congenital anomaly, we conducted a meta-analysis to obtain exposure-response risk estimates per 10 microg/L TTHM.For all congenital anomalies combined, the meta-analysis gave a statistically significant excess risk for high versus low exposure to water chlorination or TTHM [17%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3-34] based on a small number of studies. The meta-analysis also suggested a statistically significant excess risk for ventricular septal defects (58%; 95% CI, 21-107), but this was based on only three studies, and there was little evidence of an exposure-response relationship. We observed no statistically significant relationships in the other meta-analyses. We found little evidence for publication bias, except for urinary tract defects and cleft lip and palate.Although some individual studies have suggested an association between chlorination disinfection by-products and congenital anomalies, meta-analyses of all currently available studies demonstrate little evidence of such an association.
In Whose Best Interest? Breaching the Academic–Industrial Wall
Authors: J B Martin, D L Kasper
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

In 1799, Benjamin Waterhouse, one of the three full-time professors at Harvard Medical School, received a copy of Edward Jenner's Inquiry into the Causes and Effects of the Variolae Vaccinae. Armed with new knowledge of the efficacy of cowpox vaccination for the prevention of smallpox, Waterhouse proposed to test the vaccine in Boston and, if successful, to develop a monopoly under which he would inoculate New England children for a fee.1 After receiving the cowpox preparation from England, Waterhouse inoculated first his son Daniel, then six other members of his household. He next carried out a clinical study in which . . .
A Genome-wide View of Microsatellite Instability: Old Stories of Cancer Mutations Revisited with New Sequencing Technologies
Authors: Tae-Min Kim, Peter J. Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Microsatellites are simple tandem repeats that are present at millions of loci in the human genome. Microsatellite instability (MSI) refers to DNA slippage events on microsatellites that occur frequently in cancer genomes when there is a defect in the DNA-mismatch repair system. These somatic mutations can result in inactivation of tumor-suppressor genes or disrupt other noncoding regulatory sequences, thereby playing a role in carcinogenesis. Here, we will discuss the ways in which high-throughput sequencing data can facilitate genome- or exome-wide discovery and more detailed investigation of MSI events in microsatellite-unstable cancer genomes. We will address the methodologic aspects of this approach and highlight insights from recent analyses of colorectal and endometrial cancer genomes from The Cancer Genome Atlas project. These include identification of novel MSI targets within and across tumor types and the relationship between the likelihood of MSI events to chromatin structure. Given the increasing popularity of exome and genome sequencing of cancer genomes, a comprehensive characterization of MSI may serve as a valuable marker of cancer evolution and aid in a search for therapeutic targets.
The Evolving Medical Record
Authors: Eugenia L. Siegler
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Form dictates content, and the manner of recordkeeping imposed on us probably influences how we think about patients. At The New York Hospital, physicians began to maintain permanent patient case records in the early 1800s. Originally proposed and valued as teaching cases for medical students, these freeform patient records varied in quality and often reflected not just the medical care of the time but also the personalities of the physicians composing them. At the end of the 19th century, the change from retrospective to real-time recording of cases and the imposition of a fixed chart structure through the use of forms dramatically reduced the narrative dimension of the hospital course. Gradually, physicians found ways to circumvent these restrictions. Changes in record format, designed to manage increasing volumes of data, and physicians' responses to those changes parallel some of the contemporary threats to documentation posed by the electronic health record.
European LeukemiaNet classification intermediate risk-1 cohort is associated with poor outcomes in adults with acute myeloid leukemia undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: B C Medeiros, L Tian, S Robenson, G G Laport, L J Johnston, J A Shizuru, D B Miklos, S Arai, J E Benjamin, W-K Weng, R S Negrin, R Lowsky
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2014)

European LeukemiaNet classification intermediate risk-1 cohort is associated with poor outcomes in adults with acute myeloid leukemia undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Phase III Trial Comparing Concurrent Biochemotherapy With Cisplatin, Vinblastine, Dacarbazine, Interleukin-2, and Interferon Alfa-2b With Cisplatin, Vinblastine, and Dacarbazine Alone in Patients With Metastatic Malignant Melanoma (E3695): A Trial Coordinated by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
Authors: Michael B. Atkins, Jessie Hsu, Sandra Lee, Gary I. Cohen, Lawrence E. Flaherty, Jeffrey A. Sosman, Vernon K. Sondak, John M. Kirkwood
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Purpose Phase II trials with biochemotherapy (BCT) have shown encouraging response rates in metastatic melanoma, and meta-analyses and one phase III trial have suggested a survival benefit. In an effort to determine the relative efficacy of BCT compared with chemotherapy alone, a phase III trial was performed within the United States Intergroup. Patients and Methods Patients were randomly assigned to receive cisplatin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (CVD) either alone or concurrent with interleukin-2 and interferon alfa-2b (BCT). Treatment cycles were repeated at 21-day intervals for a maximum of four cycles. Tumor response was assessed after cycles 2 and 4, then every 3 months. Results Four hundred fifteen patients were enrolled, and 395 patients (CVD, n = 195; BCT, n = 200) were deemed eligible and assessable. The two study arms were well balanced for stratification factors and other prognostic factors. Response rate was 19.5% for BCT and 13.8% for CVD (P = .140). Median progression-free survival was significantly longer for BCT than for CVD (4.8 v 2.9 months; P = .015), although this did not translate into an advantage in either median overall survival (9.0 v 8.7 months) or the percentage of patients alive at 1 year (41% v 36.9%). More patients experienced grade 3 or worse toxic events with BCT than CVD (95% v 73%; P = .001). Conclusion Although BCT produced slightly higher response rates and longer median progression-free survival than CVD alone, this was not associated with either improved overall survival or durable responses. Considering the extra toxicity and complexity, this concurrent BCT regimen cannot be recommended for patients with metastatic melanoma.
Rescue lithotripsy to treat basket impaction
Authors: W. Kim, C. Kwon, J. Han
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

The complications of mechanical lithotripsy include a trapped basket surrounding the stone, fracture of the basket wires or the main operation wire, malfunction of the mechanical lithotriptor crank handle, and ductal injury [1] [2]. Impaction of a basket with a captured stone inside occurs occasionally not only during mechanical lithotripsy but also during removal of small stones with non-lithotriptor basket catheters. Clinically, impaction of a basket with a small stone can occur because of stenosis of the distal biliary tract. Basket impaction is a severe complication, which usually needs an additional procedure. We here describe and illustrate the use of rescue lithotripsy to treat this complication.
Pneumococcal pneumonia infection is associated with end-stage renal disease in adult hospitalized patients
Authors: Shih-Ting Huang, Cheng-Li Lin, Yen-Jung Chang, Yuh-Pyng Sher, Ming-Ju Wu, Kuo-Hsiung Shu, Fung-Chang Sung, Chia-Hung Kao
Journal: Kidney International (2014)
Continuing Education
Authors: George E. Miller
Journal: JAMA (1987)

IT SEEMS only fair to begin with a confession: the preparation of this article has been more difficult than of any I can recall with a memory that is assuredly less precise than it once was, but still seems sufficiently intact to be reasonably dependable. While struggling at my desk to find words that might be useful, I found myself leafing through earlier correspondence with Dr Thomas Zimmerman and discovered in a letter that I received from him five years ago the probable source of this present difficulty. He was commenting on a paper I had delivered to the Alliance for Continuing Medical Education, one that ended with an implied promise that it represented "a final contribution to the debate in which I have taken part for nearly twenty years." Dr Zimmerman replied that he was appointing himself "a committee of one to be sure that this is not your last public