tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of treatment with the iron (III) complex of diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid in mice and primates inoculated with live lethal dose 100 Escherichia coli.
Authors: L Molina, S Studenberg, G Wolberg, W Kazmierski, J Wilson, A Tadepalli, A C Chang, S Kosanke, L Hinshaw
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

The iron (III) complex of diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA iron [III]) protected mice and baboons from the lethal effects of an infusion with live LD100 Escherichia coli. In mice, optimal results were obtained when DTPA iron (III) was administered two or more hours after infection. Prevention of death occurred in spite of the fact that the adverse effects of TNF-alpha were well underway in the mouse model. The half-life of DTPA iron (III) was 51 +/- 9 min in normal baboons; primary clearance was consistent with glomerular filtration. In septic baboons, survival was observed after administration of two doses of DTPA iron (III) at 2.125 mg/kg, the first one given before, or as late as 2 h after, severe hypotension. Administration of DTPA iron (III) did not alter mean systemic arterial pressure, but did protect baboons in the presence of high levels of TNF-alpha and free radical overproduction. Furthermore, exaggerated production of nitric oxide was attenuated. The mechanism of protection with DTPA iron (III) is not obvious. Because of its ability to interact in vitro with free radicals, its poor cell permeability, and its short half-life, we postulate that DTPA iron (III) and/or its reduced form may have protected the mice and baboons by sequestration and subsequent elimination of free radicals (including nitric oxide) from their systems.
CORONARY PLAQUE COMPONENTS ASSESSED BY VIRTUAL HISTOLOGY-INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND ARE NOT ASSOCIATED WITH NEOINTIMAL HYPERPLASIA IN PATIENTS WHO UNDERWENT DRUG-ELUTING STENT IMPLANTATION
Authors: Young Joon Hong, Myung Ho Jeong, Yun Ha Choi, Sang Wook Kim, Seung Hwan Hwang, Jum Suk Ko, Min Goo Lee, Keun Ho Park, Doo Sun Sim, Hyun Ju Yoon, Nam Sik Yoon, Kye Hun Kim, Hyung Wook Park, Ju Han Kim, Youngkeun Ahn, Jeong Gwan Cho, Jong Chun Park, Jung Chaee Kang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Noninvasive gene transfer to the lung for systemic delivery of therapeutic proteins
Authors: Alberto Auricchio, Erin O’Connor, Daniel Weiner, Guang-Ping Gao, Markus Hildinger, Lili Wang, Roberto Calcedo, James M. Wilson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

This study evaluates the use of vectors based on adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) to noninvasively deliver genes to airway epithelial cells as a means for achieving systemic administration of therapeutic proteins. We intranasally delivered AAV vectors to mice in which the same AAV2 genome encoding a cellular marker was packaged in capsids from AAV1, 2, or 5 (AAV2/1, AAV2/2, or AAV2/5, respectively). Gene expression levels achieved in both airways and alveoli were higher with AAV2/5 than with AAV2/1 and were undetectable with AAV2/2. The same set of vectors encoding a secreted therapeutic protein, erythropoietin (Epo), under the control of a lung-specific promoter (CC10) was intranasally delivered to mice, resulting in polycythemia with the highest levels of serum Epo obtained with AAV2/5 vectors. After a single intranasal administration of this vector, secretion of Epo was documented for 150 days. Similarly, intranasal administration of an AAV2/5–CC10–factor IX vector resulted in secretion of functional recombinant protein in the bloodstream of hemophiliac, factor IX-deficient mice. In addition, we demonstrate successful readministration of AAV2/5 to the lung 5 months after the first delivery of the same vector. In conclusion, we show that intranasal administration of AAV vectors results in efficient gene transfer to the lung only when the vector contains the AAV5 capsid and that this noninvasive route of administration results in sustained secretion of therapeutic proteins in the bloodstream.
Bilateral consecutive central corneal perforations associated with hypogammaglobulinemia
Authors: Esen Karamursel Akpek, Randa S Haddad, Jerry A Winkelstein, John D Gottsch
Journal: Ophthalmology (2000)

ObjectiveTo describe the presentation and the clinical course of a patient with consecutive central sterile corneal perforations associated with common variable immunodeficiency.DesignCase report.MethodsMultiple corneal cultures and scrapings were performed in an effort to identify an infectious cause and all were negative. Corneal biopsy did not demonstrate any evidence of micro-organisms. An extended investigation failed to uncover a collagen vascular cause or atopy.ResultsProgressive sterile stromal thinning with intact epithelium in the left eye proceeded to perforation despite topical treatment, and cyanoacrylate gluing was performed. However, a secondary Haemophilus influenza endophthalmitis developed, and the eye was eventually lost. The fellow eye proceeded along the same clinical course with sterile stromal thinning. A lamellar patch graft was performed when the central ulceration progressed to a descemetocele. The eye remained quiet with 20/25 vision for 2 years, until the patient died from complications of a liver transplant.ConclusionsDevastating central sterile corneal thinning leading to perforation may occur in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia. Clinical features and course suggest an autoimmune cause.
A Population-Based Study of Inflicted Traumatic Brain Injury in Young Children
Authors: Heather T. Keenan
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Physical abuse is a leading cause of serious head injury and death in children aged 2 years or younger. The incidence of inflicted traumatic brain injury (TBI) in US children is unknown.To determine the incidence of serious or fatal inflicted TBI in a defined US population of approximately 230 000 children aged 2 years or younger.All North Carolina children aged 2 years or younger who were admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit or who died with a TBI in 2000 and 2001 were identified prospectively. Injuries were considered inflicted if accompanied by a confession or a medical and social service agency determination of abuse.Incidence of inflicted TBI. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to compare children with inflicted injuries with those with noninflicted injuries and with the general state population aged 2 years or younger.A total of 152 cases of serious or fatal TBI were identified, with 80 (53%) incurring inflicted TBI. The incidence of inflicted traumatic brain injury in the first 2 years of life was 17.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.3-20.7) per 100 000 person-years. Infants had a higher incidence than children in the second year of life (29.7 [95% CI, 22.9-36.7] vs 3.8 [95% CI, 1.3-6.4] per 100 000 person-years). Boys had a higher incidence than girls (21.0 [95% CI, 15.1-26.6] vs 13.0 [95% CI, 8.4-17.7] per 100 000 person-years). Relative to the general population, children who incurred an increased risk of inflicted injury were born to young mothers (< or =21 years), non-European American, or products of multiple births.In this population of North Carolina children, the incidence of inflicted TBI varied by characteristics of the injured children and their mothers. These data may be helpful for informing preventive interventions.
Risk Factors for Lower Extremity Amputation in Persons With Diabetes
Authors: Joe V Selby, Danya Zhang
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To determine the predictors of lower extremity amputation (LEA) in a cohort of persons with diabetes (primarily non-insulin-dependent). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study among 10,068 patients from a large health maintenance organization who reported a diagnosis of diabetes at a multiphasic health checkup (MHC) (baseline) between 1964 and 1984. Average length of follow-up after baseline was 13.2 years. Case patients were 150 cohort members with a first, nontraumatic LEA after baseline. Control subjects were 278 cohort members who did not experience an LEA during follow-up, matched to patients on age, sex, and year of baseline MHC. The presence of diabetes at baseline was verified by chart review for both patients and control subjects. Cardiovascular disease risk factors were obtained at the baseline MHC; glucose control, other diabetes-related variables, preventive services, and other complications were obtained from chart review. RESULTS Level of glucose control (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), duration of diabetes (P = 0.04), and baseline systolic blood pressure (P = 0.004) were independent predictors of amputation, as were microvascular complications (retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy). History of stroke, but not myocardial infarction, was also independently predictive; type of diabetes, cigarette smoking, and total cholesterol level were not. Being African-American was unrelated to amputation risk in univariate or multivariate analyses in this insured population. CONCLUSIONS LEA shares a risk factor profile with other microvascular complication of diabetes. Thus, control of blood glucose and blood pressure should reduce risk for amputation. African-Americans do not appear to be at increased risk for diabetes-related amputation when access to medical care is comparable.
A Genome-Sequence Survey for Ascogregarina taiwanensis Supports Evolutionary Affiliation but Metabolic Diversity between a Gregarine and Cryptosporidium
Authors: T. J. Templeton, S. Enomoto, W.-J. Chen, C.-G. Huang, C. A. Lancto, M. S. Abrahamsen, G. Zhu
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

We have performed a whole-genome-sequence survey for the gregarine, Ascogregarina taiwanensis and herein describe both features unique to this early diverging apicomplexan and properties that unite it with Cryptosporidium, the Coccidia, and the Apicomplexa. Phylogenetic trees inferred from a concatenated protein sequence comprised of 10,750 amino acid positions, as well as the large subunit rRNA genes, robustly support phylogenetic affinity of Ascogregarina with Cryptosporidium at the base of the apicomplexan clade. Unlike Cryptosporidium, Ascogregarina possesses numerous mitochondrion-associated pathways and proteins, including enzymes within the Krebs cycle and a cytochrome-based respiratory chain. Ascogregarina further differs in the capacity for de novo synthesis of pyrimidines and amino acids. Ascogregarina shares with Cryptosporidium a Type I fatty acid synthase and likely a polyketide synthase. Cryptosporidium and Ascogregarina possess a large repertoire of multidomain surface proteins that align it with Toxoplasma and are proposed to be involved in coccidian-like functions. Four families of retrotransposable elements were identified, and thus, retroelements are present in Ascogregarina and Eimeria but not in other apicomplexans that have been analyzed. The sum observations suggest that Ascogregarina and Cryptosporidium share numerous molecular similarities, not only including coccidian-like features to the exclusion of Haemosporidia and Piroplasmida but also differ from each other significantly in their metabolic capacity.
Streptobacillary Rat-Bite Fever With Massive Pericardial Effusion
Authors: Robert B. Carbeck
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Pericarditis with effusion caused by<i>Streptobacillus moniliformis</i>occurred in a 43-year-old man. Identification of the organism was confirmed by the fluorescent antibody technique. In spite of antibiotic therapy, pericardicentesis, digitalization, and a diuretic regimen, the patient died on the 25th hospital day.
Fibrinolysis and Diabetic Retinopathy in NIDDM
Authors: Michael W Mansfield, Peter J Grant
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE By contributing to a prothrombotic state, increased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) may be involved in the pathogenesis of the vascular complications of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The objective of this study was to compare levels of components of the fibrinolytic system in NIDDM subjects with and without retinopathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 135 Caucasian NIDDM subjects treated with oral therapy or diet alone were classified by the presence or absence of retinopathy, and fasting blood samples were taken for assay of PAI-1 antigen and activity, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), t-PA complexed with PAI-1, euglobulin clot lysis time (a measure of overall fibrinolytic activity), glucose, HbA1c, cholesterol, triglyceride, and insulin levels. RESULTS Subjects with retinopathy had a longer disease duration than those without (9 vs. 5 years, P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and had lower levels of PAI-1 (PAI-1 antigen) (geometric mean and 95% confidence interval), 13.9 (10.4–18.6) vs. 24.1 (21.2–27.4) ng/ml (P &amp;lt; 0.0005); t-PA antigen, 9.6 (8.6–10.7) vs. 11.5 (10.8-12.3) ng/ml (P &amp;lt; 0.01); t-PA—PAI-1 complexes, 6.2 (5.2–7.2) vs. 7.8 (6.8–8.8) ng/ml (P &amp;lt; 0.05); and insulin, 11.5 (9.3-14.3) vs. 19.5 (17.0–22.3) mU/l (P &amp;lt; 0.0005). Euglobulin clot lysis time was shorter in the subjects with retinopathy, 273 (238–312) vs. 327 (303–352) min. When entered into a logistic regression model, disease duration, PAI-1 antigen, and HbA1c remained as significant independent associates of the presence of retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS These results do not support the hypothesis that impaired fibrinolysis due to elevated PAI-1 is associated with the development of retinopathy because fibrinolysis is indeed enhanced and PAI-1 lower in subjects with retinopathy.
Mitochondrial nitroalkene formation and mild uncoupling in ischaemic preconditioning: implications for cardioprotection
Authors: Sergiy M. Nadtochiy, Paul R.S. Baker, Bruce A. Freeman, Paul S. Brookes
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

AimsBoth mitochondria and nitric oxide (NO•) contribute to cardioprotection by ischaemic preconditioning (IPC). IPC causes mild uncoupling of mitochondria via uncoupling proteins (UCPs) and the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT), and mild uncoupling per se is cardioprotective. Although electrophilic lipids are known to activate mitochondrial uncoupling, the role of such species in IPC-induced uncoupling and cardioprotection is unclear. We hypothesized that endogenous formation of NO•-derived electrophilic lipids (nitroalkenes such as nitro-linoleate, LNO2) during IPC may stimulate mitochondrial uncoupling via post-translational modification of UCPs and ANT, thus affording cardioprotection.
Mental Disorders and Quality of Diabetes Care in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Mayur M. Desai, Robert A. Rosenheck, Benjamin G. Druss, Jonathan B. Perlin
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2002)

The population of persons with mental disorders is potentially vulnerable to poor quality of medical care. This study examined the relationship between mental disorders and quality of diabetes care in a national sample of veterans.Chart-abstracted quality data were merged with outpatient and inpatient administrative database records for a sample of veterans with diabetes who had at least three outpatient visits in the previous year (N=38,020). Mental health diagnoses were identified by use of the administrative data. Quality of diabetes care was assessed with five indicators by chart documentation: annual foot inspection, pedal pulses examination, foot sensory examination, retina examination, and glycated hemoglobin determination.Approximately a quarter of the sample had a diagnosed mental disorder (23.7% with psychiatric disorder only, 1.3% with substance use disorder only, and 2.6% with a dual diagnosis). Overall rates of receipt for the indicators were higher than national benchmarks for all patient subgroups, ranging from 70.8% for retina examination to 95.0% for foot inspection. Rates for both retina examination and foot sensory examination differed significantly by mental health status, mainly because of lower rates among those with a substance use disorder. The associations remained significant in multivariate generalized estimating equation analyses that controlled for demographic characteristics, health status, use of medical services, and hospital-level characteristics.Rates for secondary prevention of diabetes were remarkably high at Department of Veterans Affairs medical centers, although patients with mental disorders (particularly substance use disorders) were somewhat less likely to receive some of the recommended interventions.
Glycated haemoglobin values: problems in assessing blood glucose control in diabetes mellitus
Authors: E S Kilpatrick, A G Rumley, M H Dominiczak, M Small
Journal: BMJ (1994)

To see whether two measures of glycated haemoglobin concentration--the haemoglobin A1 (HbA1) value and the haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) value--assess blood glucose control differently in diabetes.Diabetic patients had glycaemic control assessed on the basis of HbA1 and HbA1c values measured by the same high performance liquid chromatography instrument and on the basis of HbA1 measured by electrophoresis.A diabetic outpatient clinic.208 diabetic patients and 106 non-diabetic controls.Glycated haemoglobin concentrations classified according to European guidelines as representing good, borderline, or poor glycaemic control by using standard deviations from a reference mean.Fewer patients were in good control (25;12%) and more poorly controlled (157;75%) as assessed by the HbA1c value compared with both HbA1 assays (39 (19%) and 130 (63%) respectively when using high performance liquid chromatography; 63 (30%) and 74 (36%) when using electrophoresis). The median patient value was 8.0 SD from the reference mean when using HbA1c, 5.9 when using HbA1 measured by the same high performance liquid chromatography method, and 4.1 when using HbA1 measured by electrophoresis.Large differences exist between HbA1 and HbA1c in the classification of glycaemic control in diabetic patients. The HbA1c value may suggest a patient is at a high risk of long term diabetic complications when the HbA1 value may not. Better standardisation of glycated haemoglobin measurements is advisable.
Sequential versus combination chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (FFCD 2000–05): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial
Authors: Michel Ducreux, David Malka, Jean Mendiboure, Pierre-Luc Etienne, Patrick Texereau, Dominique Auby, Philippe Rougier, Mohamed Gasmi, Marine Castaing, Moncef Abbas, Pierre Michel, Dany Gargot, Ahmed Azzedine, Catherine Lombard-Bohas, Patrick Geoffroy, Bernard Denis, Jean-Pierre Pignon, Laurent Bedenne, Olivier Bouché
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2011)
The relationship between blood lead, blood pressure, stroke, and heart attacks in middle-aged British men.
Authors: S J Pocock, A G Shaper, D Ashby, H T Delves, B E Clayton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1988)

The relationship between blood lead concentration and blood pressure is examined in a survey of 7371 men aged 40 to 59 from 24 British towns. After allowance for relevant confounding variables, including town of residence and alcohol consumption, there exists a very weak but statistically significant positive association between blood lead and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. These cross-sectional data indicate that an estimated mean increase of 1.45 mm Hg in systolic blood pressure occurs for every doubling of blood lead concentration with a 95% confidence interval of 0.47 to 2.43 mm Hg. After 6 years of follow-up, 316 of these men had major ischemic heart disease, and 66 had a stroke. After allowance for the confounding effects of cigarette smoking and town of residence there is no evidence that blood lead is a risk factor for these cardiovascular events. However, as the blood lead-blood pressure association is so weak, it is unlikely that any consequent association between lead and cardiovascular disease could be demonstrated from prospective epidemiological studies. An overview of data from this and other large epidemiological surveys provides reasonably consistent evidence on lead and blood pressure. While NHANES II data on 2254 U.S. men indicate a slightly stronger association between blood lead and systolic blood pressure, data from two Welsh studies on over 2000 men did not show a statistically significant association. However, the overlapping confidence limits for all these studies suggest that there may be a weak positive statistical association whereby systolic blood pressure is increased by about 1 mm Hg for every doubling of blood lead concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Preadmission Screening of Medicare Patients
Authors: Alan M. Radin
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.—  The conclusions of Imperiale et al 1 in their article in the June 17 issue entitled Preadmission Screening of Medicare Patients overlook the most important lessons to be derived from their data. Medicare preadmission screening is unnecessary.  Twenty-six percent of the admissions denials were made in error. We have no data to assess the error rate in the 22 patients admitted without approval. At best, only 74 admissions (0.26%) were properly denied.  Though no cost data are available, it is farfetched to think that the low number of denied approvals justifies the program's expense, the cost of demoralizing physicians, and out-of-pocket patient expense. Further, the data speak to the excellent decision making being exercised by physicians in Connecticut.
Medical students should be added to GMC register, says judge
Authors: Deborah Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Janet Smith, the judge who chaired the Shipman inquiry, has called for students to be put on the UK General Medical Council's medical register to establish that they have the right values and attitudes to practise patient centred medicine.

Speaking at a GMC conference on medical education earlier this week, she said the fifth report of the inquiry highlighted the need to ensure that people become fit and proper doctors and that they have the right characteristics to be of service.

Drawing on her own experience of barrister training—during which students can be …
Legionnaires' disease and the media
Authors: J. Hilton
Journal: BMJ (1980)

regret it later after the grievous deed is done.Apart from the fact that no doctor can be quite sure that the patient will not recover or at least partially recover, intractable pain can usually be relieved or eased by modem painkilling drugs, without the need for overdoses to relieve suffering.Furthermore, if the patient is comatose, euthanasia would of course be unnecessary.And what a problem it would be for the doctor to decide.No-please never, never legalise euthanasia.
Detection of Lymph-Node Metastases with Integrated [11C]Choline PET/CT in Patients with PSA Failure after Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy: Results Confirmed by Open Pelvic-Retroperitoneal Lymphadenectomy
Authors: Vincenzo Scattoni, Maria Picchio, Nazareno Suardi, Cristina Messa, Massimo Freschi, Marco Roscigno, Luigi Da Pozzo, Aldo Bocciardi, Patrizio Rigatti, Ferruccio Fazio
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Industrial, not fruit fructose intake is associated with the severity of liver fibrosis in genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C patients
Authors: Salvatore Petta, Giulio Marchesini, Linda Caracausi, Fabio Salvatore Macaluso, Calogero Cammà, Stefania Ciminnisi, Daniela Cabibi, Rossana Porcasi, Antonio Craxì, Vito Di Marco
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)