tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EGFR Mutations Detected in Plasma Are Associated with Patient Outcomes in Erlotinib Plus Docetaxel-Treated Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Philip C. Mack, William S. Holland, Rebekah A. Burich, Randeep Sangha, Leslie J. Solis, Yueju Li, Laurel A. Beckett, Primo N. Lara, Angela M. Davies, David R. Gandara
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Recollections of the Medical School of Vienna
Authors: J. F. Payne
Journal: BMJ (1871)

August 30th.I succeeded in bringing away the whole of the lint from the fracture, in which it had been imbedded for two months.I gave permission for the patient to be taken out of doors.September ioth.The granulations were exuberant, requiring to be touched with nitrate of silver.The bare bone in the centre of the wound continued dry, and was becoming brown.There was an abundant discharge of pus from the lower part of the wound, the seat of the fracture.September 20th.The exposed bone was evidently loosening, being pushed up by the growth of the granulations beneath.September 23rd.With dressing-forceps, I removed three pieces of exfoliated bone (Figs.I and 2).One of them, of irregular shape (Fig. i), was about two inches in horizontal, and about an inch and three-quarters in vertical diameter.The temporal ridge was very distinctly seen crossing the middle of this portion.October i6th.The size of the wound was much diminished ; but it was still prevented from healing by more necrosed bone, which was removed, and proved to be an inch and a quarter long and a quarter of an inch thick at its thickest part.It involved the iiner table at each extremity, the smaller end being distinctly grooved for the meningeal .artery(Fig. 3).~~F ig.I.* We may remark in passing that we believe the positive tendency of the English mind to be at least as marked as that of the German; and that it would produce among ouirselves the same impatience of theoretical lectures, but for the despotism of written examinations.It is the immense importance attached to knowledge which can be reproduced on paper that creates a demand for second-hand systematic.knowledge, which teachers are obliged to meet.mind to be at least as marked as that of the German; and that it would produce [
An evaluation of mouthguard requirements and dental injuries in New Zealand rugby union
Authors: K L Quarrie, S M Gianotti, D J Chalmers, W G Hopkins
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2005)

To document the effects of compulsory mouthguard wearing on rugby related dental injury claims made to ACC, the administrator of New Zealand's accident compensation scheme.An ecological study was conducted. Estimates of mouthguard wearing rates were available from prospective studies conducted in 1993, 2002, and 2003. Rugby related dental injury claims were available for the period 1995-2003. Player numbers were available from 1998. Mouthguard wearing was made compulsory during match play for rugby players at under 19 level and below at the beginning of the 1997 season, and for all grades of domestic rugby at the beginning of the 1998 season. Greater powers of enforcement were provided to referees at the beginning of the 2003 season.The self reported rate of mouthguard use was 67% of player-weeks in 1993 and 93% in 2003. A total of 2644 claims was reported in 1995. There was a 43% (90% confidence interval 39% to 46%) reduction in dental claims from 1995 to 2003. On the reasonable assumption that the number of players and player-matches remained constant throughout the study period, the relative rate of injury claims for non-wearers versus wearers was 4.6 (90% confidence interval 3.8 to 5.6). The cumulative savings in claim costs compared with the cost per year if claim numbers had remained constant from 1995 is 1.87 million NZD.Although ecological studies have acknowledged weaknesses, the findings provide evidence that mouthguard use is a simple and effective injury prevention strategy for rugby players. The use of mouthguards for all players in both matches and contact practice situations is strongly recommended.
Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) is an oligodeoxynucleotide-binding protein
Authors: Lyuba Benimetskaya, John D. Loike, Zahangir Khaled, Gila LoiKe, Samuel C. Silverstein, Long Cao, Joseph E.L. Khoury, Tian-Quan CaI, C.A. Stein
Journal: Nature Medicine (1997)
Self-Administered Emergency Contraception — A Second Chance
Authors: Phillip Stubblefield
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

To be effective, postcoital contraception must be available 24 hours a day, seven days a week. In this issue of the Journal, Glasier and Baird present the results of a practical study demonstrating that prescribing emergency contraceptive pills before they are needed can facilitate their use,1 as compared with providing instruction about emergency contraception but requiring the woman to call a doctor for a prescription when she needs it. The women in the treatment group, who received the contraceptive pills ahead of time, were more likely to use emergency contraception once than those in the control group, but they were . . .
Annals Available in New Online Service
Authors: Edward J. Huth, Kathleen Case
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Editorials1 May 1985Annals Available in New Online ServiceEDWARD J. HUTH, M.D., KATHLEEN CASEEDWARD J. HUTH, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, KATHLEEN CASESearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-102-5-707 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptStarting this month, the full text ofAnnals of Internal Medicinewill be available in MEDIS, a new online medical information service introduced in March by Mead Data Central. The MEDIS service includes the full text of approximately 60 journals, newsletters, and books. Among the clinical journals available areThe Journal of the American Medical Association, all of the AMA subspecialty journals (the Archives group),The American Journal of Cardiology, The American Journal of Medicine, Arthritis and Rheumatism, Blood, Critical Care Medicine, Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Medicine, and journals in pediatrics, psychiatry, surgery, and public health. Also included...Reference1. HUTH E. Annals of Internal Medicine to be offered online. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:906-7. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byNeeded: An Economics Approach to Systems for Medical InformationEDWARD J. HUTH, M.D. 1 May 1985Volume 102, Issue 5Page: 707-708KeywordsArchivesArthritisBloodChild healthCritical carePediatric surgeryPediatricsPrevention, policy, and public healthSub-specialty care Issue Published: 1 May 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
Tissue Doppler Imaging Differentiates Transmural From Nontransmural Acute Myocardial Infarction After Reperfusion Therapy
Authors: Geneviève Derumeaux, Joseph Loufoua, Gérard Pontier, Alain Cribier, Michel Ovize
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —The evaluation of transmural extent of necrosis after acute myocardial infarction remains a major problem in clinical practice. We sought to determine whether color M-mode tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) could differentiate transmural from nontransmural myocardial infarction. Methods and Results —Twenty-one anesthetized open-chest dogs underwent 90 or 120 minutes of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by 180 minutes of reperfusion. The transmural extension of infarct was measured by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Segment shortening in the endocardium and epicardium of the anterior and posterior walls was assessed by sonomicrometry. Regional myocardial blood flow was measured by radioactive microspheres. TDI was obtained from an epicardial short-axis view. We calculated systolic and diastolic velocities within the endocardium and epicardium of myocardial walls and the subsequent myocardial velocity gradient (MVG). TTC staining could identify 2 groups according to the transmural extent of necrosis: 15 dogs had a nontransmural (NT) necrosis (42±3% of wall thickness), and 6 dogs developed a transmural (T) infarct (81±4% of wall thickness). In both groups, ischemia resulted in a significant and similar reduction in endocardial and epicardial velocities, with a resulting low systolic MVG in the anterior wall (0.10±0.07 in NT and 0.10±0.08 s −1 in T). At 60 minutes of reperfusion, systolic MVG failed to change significantly in the transmural group (−0.20±0.09 s −1 ). In contrast, it increased significantly after reflow in the NT group compared with ischemic values (−0.99±0.20 versus 0.10±0.07 s −1 , P &lt;0.05). Conclusions —TDI can differentiate transmural from nontransmural myocardial infarction early after reperfusion.
Abstract 2725: Establishment of the primary human tumor xenograft (tumorgraft) mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Authors: Patrick L. Garcia, Tracy Gamblin, Leona N. Council, John D. Christein, Martin J. Heslin, Joseph Richardson, Karina J. Yoon
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common form of pancreatic cancer continues to be plagued by a low overall 5 year survival rate, which has remained at a stagnant 5% over the past 30 years. In addition, pancreatic cancer is the 10th leading diagnosed cancer, yet is the 4th leading cause of cancer related deaths in the US, in both men and women. Recent research efforts have been focused on increasing our understanding of the molecular and genetic aspects of pancreatic cancer, in order to improve outcome for these patients. A major tool of pancreatic cancer research has been the use of established cancer cell lines, although the inherent ability of these cell lines to recapitulate human pancreatic disease is not ideal, due to growth in artificial environment and homogenous nature. Implantation of primary human tumor samples into immune compromised mice have been shown to be more genetically heterogeneous, and allow for more relevant genetic profiling data when compared to established cell lines. To better understand the molecular and genetic events in pancreatic cancer, we established a patient derived primary human tumor xenograft (tumorgraft) model system. Briefly, non-diagnostic tumor tissue was procured from previously consented patients at the University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital, under IRB approved protocols. The tumors were then examined grossly by a pathologist, and immediately implanted into the flank of immune compromised mice. Here we report, a set of 10 PDAC tumors, with a mean age of patients at diagnosis of 68.3 (± 11.6) years. Primarily, these tumors were stage II (six IIA and four IIB) and with a histological grade reported as five moderately differentiated and five poorly differentiated. Lymph node involvement at the time of surgical resection was also assessed and six patients were positive, while four patients were negative. The tumorgrafts retained the morphological and histological characteristics of the primary tumor, even after serial passage in mice, as determined by a pathologist blinded to tumor identity. Currently, we are using next generation sequencing to generate detailed gene expression, epigenetic, and genotyping profiles of these established PDAC tumors. This work is supported by UAB/UMN SPORE in Pancreatic Cancer-Career Development Award and the Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, UAB. Citation Format: Patrick L. Garcia, Tracy Gamblin, Leona N. Council, John D. Christein, Martin J. Heslin, Joseph Richardson, Karina J. Yoon. Establishment of the primary human tumor xenograft (tumorgraft) mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2725. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2725
Long-term High Osmolality Activates Na <sup>+</sup> -H <sup>+</sup> Exchange and Protein Kinase C in Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Manoocher Soleimani, Gurinder Singh, Jesus H. Dominguez, Randy L. Howard
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract The effect of long-term exposure to hypertonic medium on Na + -H + exchange activity was studied in cultured vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells by using a combination of 22 Na + influx and pH measurement with the pH-sensitive dye BCECF. Incubation of VSM cells in high-osmolality medium (510 mOsm/L) for 48 hours significantly increased the acid-stimulated 22 Na + influx (control, 3.16±0.41 nmol/mg protein per minute; high osmolality, 6.40±0.66 nmol/mg protein per minute; P &lt;.01) and Na + -dependent pH i recovery (control, 0.29±0.06 pH/min; high osmolality, 0.65±0.13 pH/min; P &lt;.03). Activation of Na + -H + exchange was osmolality dependent and reached maximal stimulation at ≈700 mOsm/L. Na + -H + exchanger stimulation was independent of serum in the culture media. Na + -H + exchanger isoform (NHE-1) mRNA in VSM cells cultured in high-osmolality medium was unchanged from that in VSM cells cultured in control medium, indicating an absence of transcriptional regulation by high osmolality. Long-term high osmolality significantly increased protein kinase C (PKC) activity in cultured VSM cells, as assessed by phosphorylation of a PKC-specific substrate (control, 20.9±2.1 pmol phosphorylation/mg protein per minute; high osmolality, 33.6±2.9 pmol phosphorylation/mg protein per minute; P &lt;.01). Downregulation of PKC by preincubation of VSM cells with 0.1 μmol/L phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) prevented osmolality-induced stimulation of the Na + -H + exchanger (control plus PMA, 0.27±0.05 pH/min; high osmolality plus PMA, 0.33±0.08 pH/min; P &gt;.05). These results indicate that long-term exposure to hypertonic medium stimulates Na + -H + exchange activity in cultured VSM cells and that this effect is independent of antiporter gene expression regulation. The results further demonstrate that the stimulatory effect of osmolality on Na + -H + exchanger is mediated via posttranslational modification of the Na + -H + exchanger by chronic PKC activation. The Na + -H + exchanger may be involved in VSM cell volume regulation in long-term high osmolality.
Hypocalcaemic Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: W. M. Keynes, F. I. Caird
Journal: BMJ (1970)

A patient with many symptoms and signs of primary hyperparathyroidism had hypocalcaemia when first seen. Bone section histology showed osteomalacia and osteitis fibrosa, and the hyperparathyroidism at this stage was considered to be secondary to osteomalacia with postgastrectomy steatorrhoea. On treatment with vitamin D (with disappearance of her bone pains and weakness) she developed hypercalcaemia. She regained her health after removal of a 6-g. parathyroid adenoma. Normal histology was shown in another parathyroid gland.We believe that the initial hypocalcaemia was due to vitamin-D deficiency, which produced ineffective hyperparathyroidism until it was corrected. A review of the few reports of patients with autonomous hyperparathyroidism with steatorrhoea and osteomalacia does not support the argument that these patients had "tertiary" disease. It suggests that most of them, like our patient, had primary hyperparathyroidism.
Management of Dyspnea in Patients With Far-Advanced Lung Disease
Authors: John M. Luce, Judith A. Luce
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Dyspnea is a common problem among patients with interstitial fibrosis, lung cancer, cystic fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The slow but steady progression of such diseases, often punctuated by acute exacerbations or secondary illnesses, can lead to decision-making dilemmas among patients and their caregivers, such as when to accept mechanical ventilation, when to forgoe aggressive therapies, and when to make formal end-of-life care plans. Two cases, a 74-year-old woman with dyspnea secondary to emphysema and a 65-year-old woman with recurrent lung cancer and severe exertional fatigue and dyspnea, illustrate how dyspneic patients approaching the end of life can be evaluated and treated. Four management strategies for dyspnea are discussed: reducing ventilatory impedance, reducing ventilatory demand, improving respiratory muscle function, and altering central perception. Physicians should encourage end-stage lung disease patients and their families to discuss issues such as hospitalization and mechanical ventilation, to prepare advance directives, and to participate in a plan to manage their dyspnea.
Predictive value of rectal bleeding in screening for rectal and sigmoid polyps.
Authors: P H Chapuis, K J Goulston, O F Dent, A D Tait
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Overt rectal bleeding is a common symptom of colorectal cancer and polyps but also occurs in apparently healthy people. It is not known how often this represents bleeding from an undiagnosed rectal or sigmoid polyp or cancer. Three hundred and nineteen apparently healthy men aged over 50, selected by random sampling, were interviewed and underwent flexible sigmoidoscopy to at least 30 cm. Polyps of 10 mm or more in diameter were diagnosed in 12, one of whom also had an adenocarcinoma. Rectal bleeding during the previous six months was reported by 48, four of whom were found to have polyps; seven polyps and one cancer were diagnosed among the 271 who reported no rectal bleeding. Rectal bleeding had a specificity of 86%, a sensitivity of 33%, and a positive predictive value of 8% for rectal or sigmoid polyps or cancer. Restricting the analysis to those subjects who regularly inspected their stools did not improve the predictive value. Sigmoidoscopy in apparently healthy subjects with rectal bleeding will not result in the diagnosis of appreciable numbers of rectal and sigmoid polyps or cancers.
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection in the Management of Gastric Carcinoid Tumors
Authors: J. Ichikawa, S. Tanabe, W. Koizumi, Y. Kida, H. Imaizumi, M. Kida, K. Saigenji, H. Mitomi
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

Background and Study Aims: Gastric carcinoid tumors are a rare disease. Previously, total gastrectomy was regarded as the treatment of choice. However, differences in biological malignancy have recently led to the increased use of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for treatment. We studied the outcome of EMR in patients with gastric carcinoids who were treated at our hospital and discuss the indications for endoscopic treatment. Patients and Methods: Between 1986 and 1999 we carried out gastric mucosal resection in five patients with gastric carcinoid tumors. The procedure used for EMR was either strip biopsy or endoscopic aspiration mucosectomy. Results: The carcinoid tumors measured 10 mm or less in four of the five patients. Two patients had type A gastritis, and all had hypergastrinemia. There was no evidence of recurrence during follow-up (range 6 - 66 months; mean 32.6 months). Conclusion: EMR is useful in the management of type 1 gastric carcinoids as classified by Rindi (hypergastrinemia; tumor diameter of 10 mm or less).
Experience with bretylium tosylate by a hospital cardiac arrest team.
Authors: D A Holder, A D Sniderman, G Fraser, E L Fallen
Journal: Circulation (1977)

The effect of bretylium tosylate (BT) was determined in 27 consecutive cases of resistant ventricular fibrillation (VF) encountered by a hospital cardiac arrest team. The VF was sustained and completely resistant to multiple injections of lidocaine, sequential DC shocks at 400 watt-sec and one or a combination of intravenous propranolol, diphenylhydantoin or procainamide. Following 30 min of sustained cardiac massage, BT (5 mg/kg i.v.) was administered. In 20 patients, VF was terminated within 9-12 min after DC shock. Eight of these patients failed to recover while 12 (44%) of all patients resuscitated survived to be discharged from hospital. Eleven out of 20 (55%) of all patients who had a cardiac arrest outside the CCU were survivors; only one out of seven in the CCU were successfully resuscitated. While receiving maintanance BT post-resuscitation (5 mg/kg i.m. q 8-12 hrs x 48 hrs), half the patients developed hypotension and three required vasopressors and/or fluid replacement. The data indicate that BT is a useful agent in patients with sustained VF refractory to repeated lidocaine injections, some other antiarrhythmic agents, and multiple DC shocks.
Neurology and General Medicine: The Neurological Aspects of Medical Disorders
Authors: Gregory S. Connor
Journal: JAMA (1995)

The purpose of this multiauthored text is to serve as a bridge between neurology and the rest of medical specialties. Ideally, such a book should prove useful to both neurologists and primary care physicians. I believe Aminoff and his colleagues have succeeded on both counts. This is not, however, a textbook of neurology, nor does it pretend to be. Headache, for example, is only addressed as it relates to systemic illness or therapy. The 49 chapters, mostly by neurologists, are primarily arranged by disease process. Cardiac and infectious disease make up about 20 of the chapters. Several others deal with complications of drugs and various procedures. As a neurologist performing inpatient consultations, I found the chapters on neurologic complications in critically ill patients and on complications of anesthesia to be particularly useful. The nebulous entity of critical illness polyneuropathy is succinctly addressed. The ubiquitous problem of encephalopathy, however, is spread
Expression of two distinct T cell receptor alpha/beta heterodimers by an antigen-specific T cell clone.
Authors: L A Matis, A Ezquerra, J E Coligan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1988)

A cytochrome c-specific, MHC-restricted T cell clone with two complete rearrangements of the same V beta 1 gene element was shown to express two different TCR alpha/beta heterodimers. Antipeptide antisera specific for TCR C beta 1 and C beta 2 peptides each immunoprecipitated distinct disulfide-linked cell surface heterodimers. The clone was derived from immunized allogeneic chimeric mice, and displayed multiple Ia specificities, including the ability to recognize antigen in association with both I-Ek and I-Es Ia molecules, as well as alloreactivity to the I-Eb molecule. It will be important to determine whether each receptor contributes independently to the overall specificity of the clone.