tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Perinatal Risk Factors for Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Magnus Kaijser, Anna-Karin Edstedt Bonamy, Olof Akre, Sven Cnattingius, Fredrik Granath, Mikael Norman, Anders Ekbom
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Several studies have reported an association between low birth weight and ischemic heart disease, but it remains unclear whether the association is mediated through poor fetal growth or short gestational duration.In a cohort study, we have identified all subjects born preterm or with a low birth weight at 4 major delivery units in Sweden from 1925 through 1949. For comparison, an equal number of subjects with none of these criteria were identified within the same source population. The study population consists of 6425 subjects, of whom 2931 were born before 37 weeks of gestation and 2176 had a birth weight < 2500 g. Fetal growth was estimated through birth weight for gestational age. The cohort was followed up for occurrence of ischemic heart disease through the nationwide Hospital Discharge and Cause of Death Registries during the period of 1987 through 2002. In the cohort, 617 cases of ischemic heart disease occurred. Compared with subjects with a normal fetal growth, those born small for gestational age (birth weight < or = -2 SD below the mean) were at increased risk of ischemic heart disease (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.23 to 2.18). The negative association between fetal growth and risk of ischemic heart disease was independent of gestational duration.The association between low birth weight and adult risk of ischemic heart disease appears to be mediated entirely by poor fetal growth.
THE PRODUCTION OF EXPERIMENTAL TYPHOID FEVER IN THE GUINEA PIG WITH AN IN VIVO PREPARED TOXIC FILTRATE OF B. TYPHOSUS
Authors: William H. Harris, Ogilvie M. Larimore
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1928)

When the typhoid bacillus is injected into the peritoneal cavity of guinea pigs acute peritonitis and death are produced. The character of the exudate is variable as to the elements present but is usually of a serous type with slight clouding due to the presence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils, mononuclear cells and bacteria. When the Berkefeld filtrate of this exudative material is inoculated into normal guinea pigs either subcutaneously, intraperitoneally or intracardially, the character of response obtained on the part of the host is quite at variance with that produced by the inoculation of the living typhoid bacillus. A febrile reaction and marked leucopenia, as a rule, are persistent and are accentuated after each injection the latter often reaching below 1000 cells per c. mm. There is a loss of weight of a variable extent in all animals and in some the emaciation is extreme. The animals were given four such inoculations and all succumbed in from 2 to 4 weeks. The intracardiac route produces death more quickly and the reactions are more clear-cut when this route is employed. At autopsy a general tumefaction and congestion of the lymphoid structures more especially of the abdominal cavity are found. Peyer's patches and the solitary follicles of the intestinal tract are likewise involved and in some of the patches slight ulceration is noted; occasionally, there occur extreme ulceration and necrosis of the patch. The spleen is enlarged and usually softened. Microscopically, marked endothelial cell proliferation is noted especially in the lymphoid structures and in many instances the phagocytic cells of Mallory are found. These cells include within their cytoplasm elements of the surrounding structures. In the spleen there are present congestion, and hemorrhages with many "shadow" red blood cells. Phagocytosis of the red cells by the endothelial cells is present. In the liver, areas of focal necrosis are found and phagocytic cells are seen. In the animals inoculated subcutaneously, localized degenerative changes are observed especially in the muscular structures. From these results it can be seen that the reactions and injury of the animal body by the toxic filtrate employed, are quite similar to the changes produced by the specific toxin in human typhoid fever.
IMPORTANCE OF LIFE STRESS IN COURSE AND MANAGEMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Lawrence E. Hinkle
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Vagaries in the behavior of patients have long been recognized as important limiting factors in the satisfactory control of diabetes mellitus. Physicians are familiar with the fact that many adolescents omit use of their insulin, fail to sterilize their equipment, and "raid the icebox"—especially after conflicts with their parents. It is equally well known that many of the more obese patients of all ages are unable to curb their appetites and that this constitutes a major obstacle to the dietary control of a large part of the diabetic population. In addition, it has been often suspected, but not adequately demonstrated, that changes in the course of diabetes may result not only from the failure of the patient to follow the treatment regimen, but also from the direct metabolic effect of life stress. An increasing body of evidence now indicates that even when diabetic persons adhere strictly to their prescribed regimen,
Sex Determination and Differentiation
Authors: David T. MacLaughlin, Patricia K. Donahoe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

This review elucidates the molecular mechanisms of sex determination and sex differentiation with examples from embryology, animal models, and clinical syndromes. Sex reversal, defective masculinization, pseudohermaphroditism, and syndromes involving the gonads and other organs are some of the clinical problems discussed.
An experimental transmission of woodchuck hepatitis virus to young chinese marmots
Authors: Jin Zhihong, Zhao Guolong, Xiong Shisong, Kou Pingyuan, Ma Lili, Chen Hongtao, Qi Jianying, Ba Qiuju, Mai Kai
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Fourteen young Chinese marmots ( Marmota bobak sibirica Radde ) were randomly allocated to two groups of seven each. They were injected intrahepatically with a standard woodchuck hepatitis virus challenge pool or a negative pool, prepared from sera of woodchucks with and without woodchuck hepatitis virus infection, respectively. Marmot No. 2 in the experimental group experienced an episode of seroconversion from woodchuck hepatitis surface antigen to anti-woodchuck hepatitis antibody. Woodchuck hepatitis virus DNA was detected, and woodchuck hepatitis surface antigen particles of both spherical and filamentous forms and intact woodchuck hepatitis virus virions were found in its serum. By contrast, none of the control group animals (receiving the negative pool) produced any marker of woodchuck hepatitis virus. This suggests that young Chinese marmots can get woodchuck hepatitis virus infection.
Imatinib for refractory chronic graft-versus-host disease with fibrotic features
Authors: Attilio Olivieri, Franco Locatelli, Marco Zecca, Adele Sanna, Michele Cimminiello, Roberto Raimondi, Guido Gini, Nicola Mordini, Adriana Balduzzi, Pietro Leoni, Armando Gabrielli, Andrea Bacigalupo
Journal: Blood (2009)
Uptake and metabolism of toxicants in the respiratory tract.
Authors: A R Dahl, P Gerde
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The sites of uptake and retention of inhalants within the respiratory tract influence which tissues are susceptible to damage. Physical and chemical properties of inhalants, including size, water:air and oil:water partition coefficients, and reactivity or susceptibility to metabolism are the major factors that affect deposition and retention. The high metabolic capacity of the cells of the olfactory tissue and bronchiolar Clara cells contributes to their susceptibility to damage from both inhaled and bloodborne toxicants. The major enzymes that metabolize pesticides and many other potential toxicants are the cytochrome P450 and flavin-containing monooxygenases and the carboxylesterases.
Hemophagocytic tumor cells in carcinosarcoma bone marrow metastasis
Authors: David D. Grier, Bertrand Marquess Anz, Sahussapont Joseph Sirintrapun
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

A 72-year-old woman with a diagnosis of uterine carcinosarcoma (malignant mixed Müllerian tumor) 1 month prior was transferred to our institution for evaluation of thrombocytopenia (16,000 platelets per microliter). She was also anemic and had a markedly elevated lactate dehydrogenase (2,108 U/l). Examination of the peripheral blood revealed circulating nucleated red blood cells and occasional immature myeloid cells (leukoerythroblastosis). A bone marrow biopsy was performed to evaluate her thrombocytopenia. The marrow space was nearly replaced by malignant epithelioid tumor cells with focal spindling (Image 1). By immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells did not express antigens associated with acute leukemia (CD117, CD34, CD45), melanoma (S-100 protein), carcinoma (cytokeratin AE1/AE3, cytokeratin 7, epithelial membrane antigen), or histocytes (CD68). The tumor had strong positive staining for p53. Comparison with the prior uterus resection showed a tumor of similar morphology with more spindling (sarcomatous differentiation) and the same immunohistochemical profile, thus confirming the tumor in bone as a carcinosarcoma metastasis. High power view of metastatic tumor cells in the bone marrow core biopsy. Evaluation of the aspirate smears revealed large atypical cells with irregular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and agranular cytoplasm with some vacuolization (Image 2). Several of the tumor cells had prominent hemophagocytosis, evidenced by the presence of red blood cells, erythroid precursors, and myeloid cells in the cytoplasm. Nuclear fragments and degenerating myeloid cells were seen in the tumor cell cytoplasm, thus favoring phagocytosis over emperipolesis. Bone marrow aspirate with metastatic tumor cells engulfing hematopoietic elements. Hemophagocytosis is associated with neoplastic (e.g., leukemia, lymphoma, histocytic tumors) and non-neoplastic conditions (e.g., infection), but in the majority of the cases it is non-neoplastic macrophages that are ingesting the patient's cells. Phagocytosis of blood elements by solid tumor cells is very rare and has been previously described in a few case reports [1-5]. The underlying mechanism by which the tumor cells obtain phagocytic characteristics is unknown.
P2-109: Predictive Significance of Bone Sialoprotein and Osteopontin for Bone Metastases in Respectable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer:A Retrospective Study
Authors: Li Zhang, Xue Hou, He Huang, Huilan Rao, Jinghui Hou, Rongzhen Luo, Peiyu Huang, Xin Wang
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Surgery in Centenarians
Authors: Harold M. Childress
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Spinal anesthesia for a 102-year-old patient as described by Milliken and Milliken (<b>218</b>:1435, 1971) is indeed a rarity but is not a record. After a thorough study of the published material on geriatric anesthetics, they concluded that this was the oldest recorded patient so treated. In 1957,<sup>1</sup>I reported the successful treatment of femoral fractures at the hip in three patients over 100 years of age. The oldest, a white woman, with a documented age of 105 years and 7 months, had an open reduction with blade-plate fixation of a displaced intertrochanteric fracture under spinal anesthesia. It is my belief that she is the oldest patient on record in the English language medical literature to have received such major orthopedic surgery with spinal anesthesia. My second oldest was a white woman, aged 101 years and 9 months, with a severe communited and displaced subtrochanteric femoral
Akt1 Is Required for Physiological Cardiac Growth
Authors: Brian DeBosch, Iya Treskov, Traian S. Lupu, Carla Weinheimer, Attila Kovacs, Michael Courtois, Anthony J. Muslin
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background— Postnatal growth of the heart chiefly involves nonproliferative cardiomyocyte enlargement. Cardiac hypertrophy exists in a “physiological” form that is an adaptive response to long-term exercise training and as a “pathological” form that often is a maladaptive response to provocative stimuli such as hypertension and aortic valvular stenosis. A signaling cascade that includes the protein kinase Akt regulates the growth and survival of many cell types, but the precise role of Akt1 in either form of cardiac hypertrophy is unknown. Methods and Results— To evaluate the role of Akt1 in physiological cardiac growth, akt1 −/− adult murine cardiac myocytes (AMCMs) were treated with IGF-1, and akt1 −/− mice were subjected to exercise training. akt1 −/− AMCMs were resistant to insulin-like growth factor-1–stimulated protein synthesis. The akt1 −/− mice were found to be resistant to swimming training–induced cardiac hypertrophy. To evaluate the role of Akt in pathological cardiac growth, akt1 −/− AMCMs were treated with endothelin-1, and akt1 −/− mice were subjected to pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction. Surprisingly, akt1 −/− AMCMs were sensitized to endothelin-1–induced protein synthesis, and akt1 −/− mice developed an exacerbated form of cardiac hypertrophy in response to transverse aortic constriction. Conclusions— These results establish Akt1 as a pivotal regulatory switch that promotes physiological cardiac hypertrophy while antagonizing pathological hypertrophy.
QT Dispersion Has No Prognostic Information for Patients With Advanced Congestive Heart Failure and Reduced Left Ventricular Systolic Function
Authors: Bente Brendorp, Hanne Elming, Li Jun, Lars Køber, Marek Malik, Gorm Boje Jensen, Christian Torp-Pedersen
Journal: Circulation (2001)

QT dispersion is a potential prognostic marker of tachyarrhythmic events and death, but it is unclear whether this applies to patients with congestive heart failure (CHF).Of the 1518 patients with advanced CHF and left ventricular dysfunction enrolled in the Danish Investigations of Arrhythmia and Mortality on Dofetilide-CHF (Diamond-CHF) study, a baseline ECG was available in 1319 patients. Of these, QT dispersion could be measured in 703 patients. During a median follow-up of 18 months (minimum 1 year), 285 patients (41%) died. The median QT dispersion was 70 ms (34/155 ms [5%/95% percentiles]), with no difference between survivors and nonsurvivors. Survival analysis revealed no prognostic information derived from QT dispersion regarding all-cause mortality (risk ratio 1.00, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.00; P=0.74), cardiac mortality (risk ratio 1.00, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.01; P=0.55), or cardiac arrhythmic mortality (risk ratio 1.00, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.01; P=0.38).QT dispersion has no prognostic value regarding all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, or cardiac arrhythmic mortality for patients with advanced CHF and reduced left ventricular systolic function.
Emergency Department Closures in the United States—Reply
Authors: Renee Y. Hsia, Arthur L. Kellermann, Yu-Chu Shen
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Decreased osmotic fragility in heritable canine myopathy
Authors: Raymond H. Abhold, Gerald A. Hegreberg, James A. Magnuson
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

Abstract Osmotic fragility was examined in red blood cells from dogs with a heritable muscle disorder that clinically resembles a muscular dystrophy. Several erythrocyte abnormalities have been reported in partients with certain forms of muscular dystrophy and it is thought that these changes reflect genetically induced alterations in the plasma membrane. It is believed that the examination of erythrocytes may eventually lead to the understanding of membrane involvement in muscle disorders. In this study, the mean osmotic fragility was found to be significantly lower in affected cells than in normal cells. These differences were maintained regardless of changes in incubation temperature (5°, 20°, or 35°C) and pH (6.5. 7.0, 7.5. or 8.0). Quantitative analysis of glycolytic metabolites and adenine nucleotide concentrations revealed little variance between erythrocytes from normal and affected animals. Similarly, the pattern of membrane protein phosphorylation in intact crythrocytes from affected animals did not differ from that observed when erythrocytes from normal animals were examined. Of the red cell indices measured, the erythrocyte count in affected animals was moderately increased, but both the mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin content were significantly reduced. From these data it is concluded that the decrease in osmotic fragility cannot be explained by differences in cell metabolism or energy production. However, the decrease in affected cell mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin content may be correlated with the decrease in osmotic fragility in a manner similar to that observed in the hemolytic disorder of beta‐thalassemia.
Intestinal graft-versus-host-disease staging by video capsule endoscopy
Authors: T. Meister, H. Heinzow, G. Bisping, M. Stelljes, B. Schulte, W. Berdel, J. Kienast, W. Domschke, H. Ullerich
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients who have undergone allogeneic bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (BMT/PBSCT) [1]. About 20 – 50 % of patients who have received BMT/PBSCT develop symptoms of acute GvHD [2]. GvHD most often affects the skin, liver, and gastrointestinal tract. In severe intestinal GvHD broad ulcerative lesions develop, leading to diarrhea, malabsorption, intestinal hemorrhage, and sepsis [3]. The gold standard in the diagnosis of intestinal GvHD is upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy with histological validation [4].
ERASMUS WILSON LECTURES on the PATHOLOGY and TREATMENT of those DISEASES of the LIVER which are AMENABLE to DIRECT SURGICAL INTERFERENCE: Delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England
Authors: H. J. Waring
Journal: BMJ (1898)

SUPPURATION OF THE LIVER.[MR.WARING, in his first lecture, gave an account of the anatomical relations, vascular supply, and malformations the liver.He said that the subject of his lectures might be divided into six groups.The first of these-suppurative inflammations of the liver, which lead to the development one or more hepatic abscesses-was surgically the most important.Such inflammation was due to several causes and from a study of a collection of some 55 cases it appeared that most of the cases which occurred in England fell into two groups-first, pyiemic abscesses; and, secondly, abscesses which were of the nature of tropical abscesees, and usually dysenteric origin.A py8emic abscess might result from septic material being carried to the liver either by the portal vein or the hepatic artery.It was improbable that the vena cava inferior could afford the means of entrance.The commonest seat of origin of the septic process was the caecum or colon, and occasion- ally the vermiform appendix.Migration of colonies of septic organisms through the floor of an ulcer to the radicles of the portal vein was probably frequent mode of infection.The most frequently-observed micro-organisms were the staphylococcus pyogenes aureus, bacillus coli communis, and the ray fungus.Tropical abscesses were usually single.At most not than two or three were present.It had been stated that case had ever occurred in England in a patient who had not been abroad; this was certainly incorrect.In most of the cases amoebic dysentery was the exciting cause, and the amoeba was usually present in the abscess contents.Hepatic
Gastrointestinal damage induced by anti-inflammatory drugs.
Authors: R. Upadhyay, A. McKinlay, R. I. Russell
Journal: BMJ (1988)

causing low output and death.In the remaining 21 patients the cause of death was unrelated to mechanical valve failure.All of the patients in whom this phenomenon of triangulation of the aortic root was noted had undergone aortic valve replacement using the Starr-Edwards model No 2320, in which the three cage struts are cloth covered.This model was discontinued in 1976 and the current models use three stellite struts without the cloth covering.While the older models probably had greater potential to cause outflow obstruction with incorporation of the cloth covered struts into the aortic wall, the tendency to cause triangular deformity with this style of valve prosthesis remains.Although the risk of acute failure and the operative mortality associated with artificial heart valves are small, the medium and long term morbidity is not negligible.Current mechanical prostheses may well prove superior to those used previously but they are not trouble free.Conservative valve reconstruction needs to be encouraged.
Unraveling the mystery of the hygiene hypothesis through Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Kouji Matsushima, Shigenori Nagai
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Epidemiological studies have revealed an inverse association between Helicobacter pylori infection and the incidence of allergic asthma. This association is consistent with the hygiene hypothesis, which posits that exposure to microbes early in life prevents the later development of allergic diseases, and has been reproduced in mouse models of asthma. In this issue of the JCI, Oertli and colleagues report that H. pylori infection in neonates elicits tolerogenic DCs that produce IL-18, which drive the generation of Tregs that subsequently protect the mice from allergic asthma. This finding strengthens the intriguing link between pathogen exposure and allergic disease.