tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mononeuritis multiplex occurring in a diabetic patient with Hb C disease.
Authors: P J Maddison, L R Baker, W R Cattell, A P Hopkins
Journal: BMJ (1973)

This patient was transplanted before the diagnosis of leprosy was made.Recrudescence of leprosy two years after transplantation was presumably associated with suspension of anti-leprosy treatment on the patient's part, and a lepra re- action became manifest as a result of reducing the dosage of immunosuppressive drugs.He was treated with clofazimine, a riminophenazine dye which combines an anti-leprosy action as effective as that of dapsone with an anti-inflammatory effect which is valuable in suppressing lepra reactions.Control of his leprosy assessed clinically and by the fall in morphological index was good.Patients with lepromatous leprosy have a specific loss of cell-mediated immune response against Mycobacterium leprae and also a diminution in the ability to show other as- pects of cell-mediated immune response-for example, contact sensitivity and skin homograft rejection (Hart and Rees, 1967; Bullock, 1968; Turk, 1970; Han et al., 1971).As the lepra reaction is an antigen-antibody reaction, im- munosuppressive agents such as steroids and azathioprine which suppress antibody-mediated cellular immunity as well as antibody production would be expected to benefit the lepra reaction of lepromatous leprosy as well as the renal allograft.At necropsy all the changes on histology of the renal graft could be readily explained on the basis of immune rejection and its consequences.There was no evidence to suggest in- volvement of the graft by the renal complications of leprosy.
59 SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF RIBAVIRIN FOR TREATMENT OF THALASSEMIC PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION; A CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL OF 280 CASES
Authors: S.-M. Alavian, M. Keshvari, S.-V. Tabatabaei, B. Behnava, S.M. Miri, P. Karimi Elizee, F. Zamani, S. Amini Kafi-Abad, A. Gharehbaghian, B. Hajibeigy, K. Bagheri Lankarani, G.R. Foster
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
In Treating Infertility, Are Multiple Pregnancies Unavoidable?
Authors: Siladitya Bhattacharya, Allan Templeton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

The demand for high rates of pregnancy among women treated for infertility has encouraged a tacit acceptance of certain complications of the treatment. This is especially true when treatment results in multiple gestation, and indeed, twins are often perceived as a desired outcome. The first large study to highlight this problem in the context of superovulation treatment was conducted by Guzick and colleagues,1 who found that superovulation was associated with a 20 percent incidence of pregnancy with twins and a nearly 10 percent incidence of higher-order multiple pregnancy. These results were similar to those obtained from a systematic review of . . .
Abstract P5-16-07: Intracystic papillary carcinoma of the breast: Implications for therapy from the surveillance epidimiology and end results database
Authors: M Howard-McNatt, D Brown, E Levine, S Isom
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Intracystic papillary carcinoma is a rare breast neoplasm that has been classified as a variant of ductal carcinoma in situ. However, patients can develop metastatic disease. The indication for radiation and lumpectomy versus mastectomy as far as survival is unknown. Methods: We identified 2,649 female patients with intracystic papillary carcinoma from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry. Differences in demographics, clinical features and survival of patients were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression. Results: The median patient age was 66 years. The majority of patients were white and those who presented with Stage 0 disease. Most patients did not have their lymph nodes examined and only 34% received radiation therapy treatments. Using a log-rank test, survival was significantly different by race, with whites having a better survival than black patients (p&amp;lt;0.001). Furthermore, early stage disease (p&amp;lt;0.001) and those who received radiation (p&amp;lt;0.0001) had improved survival. In a Cox regression survival model adjusting for age, stage, and grade, patients who were black (hazard ratio [HR], 1.85) had a significantly higher risk of death than whites. Patients who received radiation therapy (HR, 0.49) had an improved survival over those who did not undergo radiation therapy treatments. There was no difference in survival in patients who received either a lumpectomy or mastectomy. Conclusion: Intracystic carcinoma of the breast has a good overall survival. Survival is improved in white patients and in patients who receive radiation therapy. This suggests that radiation therapy should be offered to women with intracystic papillary cancer who undergo breast conserving surgery. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P5-16-07.
Green College lectures: 1984. Medicine in eastern Europe.
Authors: J Brod
Journal: BMJ (1984)

genuine intra-abdominal disease in the presence of diabetic ketoacidosis was more likely in patients over 40 years of age. There was no correlation between the presence of intra abdominal disease and the concentration of blood sugar or the degree of dehydration. Furthermore, they concluded that pain caused by metabolic decompensation should resolve after a few hours of rehydration and treatment with insulin. A search of the recent papers published in English showed only one brief mention of the combination of diabetic keto? acidosis and ectopic pregnancy.4 Analysis of the incidence of ectopic pregnancy and of new presentations of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus indicates that the expected number of cases of these two conditions presenting together is about 1-6 cases a year in the nine million women of reproductive age in the United Kingdom.5 6 We present this rare case to show some of the practical difficulties of achieving an early diagnosis of underlying ab? dominal disease coinciding with diabetic ketoacidosis. The poor history available in a semicomatose patient is likely to make accurate diagnosis more difficult. The single most suspicious abdominal finding on admission in this case was the totally silent abdomen on auscultation, and though generalised tender? ness tends to favour metabolic decompensation as the only cause of abdominal pain, a late presentation of genuine disease may well have progressed beyond the stage of localised tender? ness. Few laboratory tests are helpful in achieving the correct diagnosis, but a low haemoglobin concentration in a severely dehydrated patient is a sinister finding and the importance of the degree of acidosis as measured by plasma bicarbonate concentration has been mentioned above. Finally, emphasis must be placed on the need for a high index of suspicion initially and for continuing reassessment of the history and abdominal findings during the early period when fluid and insulin treatment improve the patient's level of consciousness.
Preoperative assessment of left ventricular reserve by dobutamine echo and Swan‐Ganz catheterisation as the predictors of valve replacement in‐patients with isolated mitral regurgitation
Authors: P. Leszek, A. Browarek, A. Biederman, A. Klisiewicz, J. Janas, J. Korewicki
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2000)
Gene Correction by Homologous Recombination With Zinc Finger Nucleases in Primary Cells From a Mouse Model of a Generic Recessive Genetic Disease
Authors: Jon P Connelly, Jenny C Barker, Shondra Pruett-Miller, Matthew H Porteus
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

Zinc Finger nucleases (ZFNs) have been used to create precise genome modifications at frequencies that might be therapeutically useful in gene therapy. We created a mouse model of a generic recessive genetic disease to establish a preclinical system to develop the use of ZFN-mediated gene correction for gene therapy. We knocked a mutated GFP gene into the ROSA26 locus in murine embryonic stem (ES) cells and used these cells to create a transgenic mouse. We used ZFNs to determine the frequency of gene correction by gene targeting in different primary cells from this model. We achieved targeting frequencies from 0.17 to 6% in different cell types, including primary fibroblasts and astrocytes. We demonstrate that ex vivo gene-corrected fibroblasts can be transplanted back into a mouse where they retained the corrected phenotype. In addition, we achieved targeting frequencies of over 1% in ES cells, and the targeted ES cells retained the ability to differentiate into cell types from all three germline lineages. In summary, potentially therapeutically relevant frequencies of ZFN-mediated gene targeting can be achieved in a variety of primary cells and these cells can then be transplanted back into a recipient. Zinc Finger nucleases (ZFNs) have been used to create precise genome modifications at frequencies that might be therapeutically useful in gene therapy. We created a mouse model of a generic recessive genetic disease to establish a preclinical system to develop the use of ZFN-mediated gene correction for gene therapy. We knocked a mutated GFP gene into the ROSA26 locus in murine embryonic stem (ES) cells and used these cells to create a transgenic mouse. We used ZFNs to determine the frequency of gene correction by gene targeting in different primary cells from this model. We achieved targeting frequencies from 0.17 to 6% in different cell types, including primary fibroblasts and astrocytes. We demonstrate that ex vivo gene-corrected fibroblasts can be transplanted back into a mouse where they retained the corrected phenotype. In addition, we achieved targeting frequencies of over 1% in ES cells, and the targeted ES cells retained the ability to differentiate into cell types from all three germline lineages. In summary, potentially therapeutically relevant frequencies of ZFN-mediated gene targeting can be achieved in a variety of primary cells and these cells can then be transplanted back into a recipient.
Cardiac Stroke Volume as a Determinant of Influenzal Fatality
Authors: Kingsley M. Stevens
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

Epidemiology and PathologyAS the lethal activities of man decreased in the closing months of World War I, a new lethal agent emerged that killed 20 million people around the world.1 The disease was pandemic influenza, and the agent a new influenza virus.2 In Ireland the average endemic mortality rate from influenza from 1901 through 1917 was 29 per 100,000 per year for males. The epidemics of 1892, 1900 and 1918 had mortality rates of 81, 105 and 243 respectively. The 1918 rate was highest, but much more striking was the change in age distribution of those dying. Although the . . .
Measurement of pulmonary capillary blood flow in infants by plethysmography.
Authors: J Stocks, K Costeloe, C P Winlove, S Godfrey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

An accurate method for measuring effective pulmonary capillary blood flow (Qc eff) in infants has been developed with an adaptation of the plethysmographic technique. Measurements were made on 19 preterm. 14 small-for-dates, and 7 fullterm normal infants with a constant volume whole body plethysmograph in which the infant rebreathed nitrous oxide. There was a highly significant correlation between Qc eff and body weight, and this relationship was unaffected by premature delivery or intrauterine growth retardation. Mean Qc eff in preterm, small-for dates, and fullterm infants was 203, 208 and 197 ml min-1 kg-1, respectively, with no significant differences between the groups. A significant negative correlation existed between Qc eff and haematocrit in the preterm infants. There was no relationship between weight standardized Qc eff and postnatal age in any of the groups. With this technique, it was possible to readily recognise the presence of rapid recirculation (indicative of shunting) in several of the infants, suggesting that rebreathing methods for the assessment of Qc eff should not be applied indiscriminately during the neonatal period. By taking care to overcome the potential sources of technical error, it was possible to obtain highly reproducible results of Qc eff in infants over a wider age range than has been previously reported.
Prospective study of hemostatic alterations in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Paola Giordano, Angelo Claudio Molinari, Giovanni Carlo Del Vecchio, Paola Saracco, Giovanna Russo, Maria Altomare, Paolo Perutelli, Nicoletta Crescenzio, Nicola Santoro, Marina Marchetti, Domenico De Mattia, Anna Falanga
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

In a group of newly diagnosed acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) children we evaluated a number of hemostatic and inflammatory markers at diagnosis and at different time points during chemotherapy for the remission induction to identify alterations in the plasma levels of prothrombotic markers before and during the course of chemotherapy. The following plasma markers were evaluated: thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), D-Dimer, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), antithrombin, fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor (VWF) antigen and high molecular weight VWF (HMW-VWF) multimers, P-selectin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Plasma samples were collected at the following time points: at T0 (baseline) and T1 (+24 days of therapy), T2 (+36 days therapy), and T3 (+64 days therapy). The results show that, at diagnosis, ALL children presented with laboratory signs of increased thrombin generation and fibrin formation (i.e. high TAT and D-dimer levels), fibrinolysis inhibition (i.e. high PAI-1 level), endothelial activation (i.e., high HMW-VWF and soluble P-selectin levels) and inflammation (i.e. high TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels). After starting induction therapy, the thrombin generation markers and inflammatory cytokines significantly decreased. To the opposite, PAI-1 and P-selectin significantly increased, suggesting an insult by chemotherapy on the vascular endothelium. These effects were more evident during steroid administration. Symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) episodes developed in two cases during induction therapy, which did not allow the evaluation of the predictive value for VTE of laboratory markers.
The in-vivo metabolism of C3 in ankylosing spondylitis.
Authors: L Brinch, O Vinje, P Teisberg, O J Mellbye, I Aakesson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1982)

Turnover studies with radioactively labelled C3 were performed in 7 patients with ankylosing spondylitis and in 14 healthy individuals .As a group the patients had a moderately higher fractional catabolic rate of C3 than the controls. A possible explanation is that the complement system is activated by immune complexes. The serum levels of C3 were high. The hypercatabolism was therefore more than compensated for by an increased synthesis rate.
Tuberculosis Mortality During a Civil War in Guinea-Bissau
Authors: Per Gustafson
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Tuberculosis (TB) is an increasing global problem, despite effective drug therapies. Access to TB therapy during conflict situations has not been studied.To determine the effect of irregular TB treatment due to an armed conflict in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa.Ongoing retrospective cohort study conducted in the capital city of Bissau among 101 patients with TB who received irregular or no treatment during the civil war (war cohort; June 7-December 6, 1998) and 108 patients with TB who received treatment 12 months earlier (peace cohort; June 7-December 6, 1997) and comparison of an additional 42 patients who had completed treatment before June 6, 1998, and 69 patients who had completed treatment before June 6, 1997.Mortality rates, compared by irregular (war cohort) vs regular (peace cohort) access to treatment, by intensive vs continuation phase of treatment, and by those who had previously completed treatment for TB.Irregular treatment was associated with an increased mortality rate among patients with TB. The mortality rate ratio (MR) was 3.12 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20-8.12) in the war cohort, adjusting for age, sex, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, residence, and length of treatment. Each additional week of treatment before the war started increased probability of survival by 5% (95% CI, 0%-10%). In the intensive phase of treatment, the adjusted MR was 3.30 (95% CI, 1.04-10.50) and in the continuation phase it was 2.26 (95% CI, 0.33-15.34). Increased mortality among the war cohort was most marked in HIV-positive patients, who had an adjusted MR of 8.19 (95% CI, 1.62-41.25). Mortality was not increased in HIV-positive or HIV-negative patients who had completed TB treatment when the war started.Interruption of treatment had a profound impact on mortality among patients with TB during the war in Guinea-Bissau. Regular treatment for TB was associated with significantly improved survival for HIV-infected individuals. In emergencies, it is crucial to ensure availability of TB drugs.
Tc-99m MDP Accumulation in Primary Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma
Authors: YOSHIO TANABE, YUJI SUTO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1998)

Tc-99m phosphate compounds are widely used to detect bone lesions, especially bone metastases, and may also accumulate in extraosseous lesions. The authors describe a patient who had a primary malignant mesothelioma with increased accumulation of Tc-99m MDP. This is a rare case of a primary malignant mesothelioma with increased uptake of a bone scanning agent.
Interferon alfa receptor expression and growth inhibition by interferon alfa in human liver cancer cell lines
Authors: Hirohisa Yano, Akihiro Iemura, Makoto Haramaki, Sachiko Ogasawara, Akiko Takayama, Jun Akiba, Masamichi Kojiro
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Type I interferon (IFN) receptor consists of two chains (Hu–IFN–αR1 and Hu–IFN–αR2), and Hu–IFN–αR2 takes a soluble (Hu–IFN–αR2a), short (Hu–IFN–αR2b), or long (Hu–IFN–αR2c) form. We examined the expression of type I IFN receptor, the growth–suppression effect of IFN–α, and their relationship in 13 liver cancer cell lines. With reverse–transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) analysis, the expressions of Hu–IFN–αR1, Hu–IFN–αR2a, and Hu–IFN–αR2c were confirmed in all cell lines, and that of Hu–IFN–αR2b in 12 cell lines. All cell lines expressed mRNAs of a transcriptional activator, interferon regulatory factor (IRF)–1, and its antagonistic repressor (IRF–2). Flow cytometry revealed weak expression of Hu–IFN–αR2 on the cell surface in 12 cell lines. The soluble–form protein of Hu–IFN–αR2 was detected at varying levels in culture supernatants of all cell lines with enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cell proliferation was suppressed in proportion to the dose of human natural IFN–α at 96 hours of culture, but it was not clearly related to the expression of Hu–IFN–αR2 protein on the cell surface. Investigations on the morphology, DNA, and cell cycle presented four growth suppression patterns as a result of IFN–α: 1) induction of apoptosis and blockage of cell cycle at the S phase (9 cell lines); 2) blockage at the S phase (2 cell lines); 3) induction of apoptosis and blockage at the G 2 /M phase (1 cell line); and 4) blockage at the G 1 phase (1 cell line). There was no evidence showing that changes in the expressions of Bcl–2, Bcl–xL, Bak, and Bax lead directly to IFN–α-mediated apoptosis. Our findings demonstrated that IFN–α would express growth–suppression effects at varying degrees by inducing inhibition of cell–cycle progression with or without apoptosis, regardless of the expression level of Hu–IFN–αR2 protein on the cell surface.
Who Benefits From Medical Savings Accounts?
Authors: Jesse S. Hixson
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Unfortunately, the simulation study of MSAs conducted by Dr Keeler and colleagues<sup>1</sup>did not simulate the conditions under which MSAs would be offered to employees by their companies. Rather, the simulations assumed that everyone in the United States would be offered a choice between 3 identical plans: a typical 1996 FFS policy, a typical staffmodel health maintenance organization (HMO), and an MSA. In reality, companies will carefully tailor their benefit options to achieve at least 2 objectives. First, they will design the options to control adverse selection among them. Second, they will not alter their benefit options and include an MSA unless their benefit costs are reduced or stay the same. This means that each company's set of options will differ in some or many respects from those of others because they will be tailored to the risks and preferences of each company's workforce; many more options than the 3
Abstract 2848: The <i>DEC1</i> promoter polymorphism −249 T&amp;gt;C reduces the risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Yu-Jing Huang, Jiangong Niu, Li-E Wang, Zhensheng Liu, Erich M. Sturgis, Qingyi Wei
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The human DEC1 (deleted in esophageal cancer 1) gene is located on chromosome 9q, a region frequently deleted in various types of human cancers, including squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN). Previous studies have shown that DEC1 expression was greatly reduced or absent in esophageal cancer, and its tumor suppressive ability was observed in both in vitro and in vivo assays. Therefore, we hypothesized that DEC1 might also play roles in the etiology of SCCHN. To assess the association between DEC1 polymorphisms and SCCHN risk, two independent promoter SNPs, −1628 G&amp;gt;C (rs1591420) and −606 T&amp;gt;C (rs4978620), the latter being in complete linkage disequilibrium with both −249 T&amp;gt;C (rs2012775) and −122 (rs2012566), were genotyped in 1,111 non-Hispanic whites SCCHN patients and 1,130 age-and sex-matched cancer-free controls recruited at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. The joint effect of DEC1 SNPs and the TP53 tumor suppressor gene codon 72 (Arg72Pro, rs1042522) polymorphism, which has been suggested to be associated with susceptibility to tobacco-related cancers, was also assessed. After adjustment for age, sex, and smoking and drinking status, a significantly protective effect on SCCHN risk was observed for the −606 T&amp;gt;C (rs4978620) CC homozygotes (adjusted OR = 0.72, 95% CI= 0.52-0.98), compared with those carrying the −606 TT genotype. Stratification analyses showed that a decrease risk associated with the −606 CC genotype remained significant in the subgroups of never smokers, never drinkers, younger subjects (≤55 yr), patients with oropharyngeal cancer, and in the presence of the TP53Arg/Arg (rs1042522) genotype. By an in silico analysis, we identified that the −249 T&amp;gt;C SNP would gain a transcription factor binding site. Indeed, further functional analysis showed that the T to C allelic change at the −249 site significantly enhanced transcriptional activity of the DEC1 promoter and the DNA-protein binding activity, supporting a tumor suppressor role of DEC1 in SCCHN. We conclude that the DEC1 promoter −249 T&amp;gt;C (rs2012775) polymorphism is functional, modulating susceptibility to SCCHN among non-Hispanic whites. The association with oropharyngeal cancer among never smokers and never drinkers and with TP53 Arg/Arg genotype suggests that this polymorphism could modulate the human papillomavirus-induced carcinogenic process. (Supported by NIH grants R01CA131274 and R01ES011740) Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2848.