tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Visual problems in the elderly population and implications for services.
Authors: R. P. Wormald, L. A. Wright, P. Courtney, B. Beaumont, A. P. Haines
Journal: BMJ (1992)

To determine the prevalence of visual disability and common eye disease among elderly people in inner London.Cross sectional random sample survey.Inner London health centre.Random sample of people aged 65 and over taken from practice's computerised age-sex register.Presenting binocular Snellen 6 m distance acuity and best monocular 3 m Sonksen-Silver acuity to classify prevalence of blindness by World Health Organisation criteria (less than 3/60 in better eye) and American criteria for legal blindness (better eye equal to 6/60 or less) and of low vision by WHO criteria (best acuity 6/18) and visual impairment by American criteria (less than 6/12 or 20/40 but greater than 6/60 or 20/200 in better eye). Principal cause of visual loss by diagnosis, referral indication by cause to hospital eye service, and proportion of cases known to primary care.207 of 288 (72%) eligible people were examined. 17 (8%) housebound subjects were examined at home. The prevalence of blindness was 1% by WHO criteria and 3.9% by American criteria. The prevalence of low vision (WHO criteria) was 7.7%. The prevalence of visual impairment (American criteria) was 10.6%. Cataract accounted for 75% of cases of low vision. Only eight out of 16 patients with low vision were known by their general practitioner to have an eye problem. 56 subjects (27%) would probably have benefited from refraction. Comparisons with studies in the United States and Finland suggested higher rates in this sample, mainly due to the prevalence of disabling cataract.There seems to be a considerable amount of undetected ocular disease in elderly people in the community.
Heterozygous deficiency of δ-catenin impairs pathological angiogenesis
Authors: Laura M. DeBusk, Kimberly Boelte, Yongfen Min, P. Charles Lin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2010)

Vascular and neuronal networks share a similar branching morphology, and emerging evidence implicates common mechanisms in the formation of both systems. delta-Catenin is considered a neuronal catenin regulating neuron cell-cell adhesion and cell motility. Here, we report expression of delta-catenin in vascular endothelium, and show that deletion of only one allele of delta-catenin is sufficient to impair endothelial cell motility and vascular assembly in vitro and pathological angiogenesis in vivo, thereby inhibiting tumor growth and wound healing. In contrast, deletion of one or both allele of delta-catenin had no effects on hormone-induced physiological angiogenesis in the uterus. Molecular analysis confirmed a gene dosage effect of delta-catenin on Rho GTPase activity. Moreover, we show that inflammatory cytokines, but not angiogenic factors, regulate delta-catenin expression, and the levels of delta-catenin positively correlate to human lung cancers. Collectively, our data suggest that inflammation, commonly associated with disease conditions, induces delta-catenin expression that specifically regulates pathological, and not physiological, angiogenesis. Because only pathological angiogenesis is sensitive to decreased levels of delta-catenin, this may provide a good target for antiangiogenic therapy.
Intracoronary Enalaprilat to Reduce Microvascular Damage During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (ProMicro) Study
Authors: Fabio Mangiacapra, Aaron J. Peace, Luigi Di Serafino, Stylianos A. Pyxaras, Jozef Bartunek, Eric Wyffels, Guy R. Heyndrickx, William Wijns, Bernard De Bruyne, Emanuele Barbato
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Treatment of Meprobamate Withdrawal Syndrome
Authors: T. C. McCormick
Journal: JAMA (1963)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The report by Drs. Swanson and Okada (<i>JAMA</i><b>184</b>:780 [June 8] 1963) of a death attributed to meprobamate withdrawal emphasizes the necessity for prompt and proper treatment of such patients. Slow withdrawal of the offending drug, as suggested in the report, is often impossible because the drug (or drugs) involved is not known. All such patients can be treated in more or less the same general manner, and gradual drug-withdrawal is no more necessary than is gradual alcohol-withdrawal. This report adds proof that we must classify meprobamate with barbiturates, meperidine hydrochloride, and alcohol, in that abrupt withdrawal from excessive intake may produce a syndrome of toxic delirium, tremor, convulsions, and even death. Certain of the other nonbarbiturate sedatives and ataraxics are also suspected of being in this class of drugs, and it is more often the rule than the exception that more than one drug is
Successful Transapical Transcatheter Valve Implantation Within a Dysfunctional Mitral Bioprosthesis
Authors: Arend de Weger, Giuseppe Tavilla, Arnold C.T. Ng, Victoria Delgado, Frank van der Kley, Joanne D. Schuijf, Jeroen J. Bax, Robert J.M. Klautz
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2010)
Oral Therapy in Diabetes
Authors: Fred W. Whitehouse
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I read with interest the two articles in the Dec. 24 issue ofThe Journalon combined oral therapy for diabetes. Both of the authors clearly presented and documented their experience and opinions. I believe, however, that one rather important item has been omitted from both articles. I grant that a certain percentage of patients can be controlled on two agents when either one alone is unsuccessful. However, it is generally conceded that this particular type of patient can be controlled with a reasonable amount of depot insulin. Our experience with a similar group of cases supports this idea. I know that the combined oral approach is adaptable for an occasional person with diabetes. However, its potential inconvenience and expense outweighs, in my opinion, most of its advantages. For example, Dr. Unger's patients taking 3 gm. of tolbutamide daily and an average of 159 mg. of phenformin
Left-to-Right Gradient of Atrial Frequencies During Acute Atrial Fibrillation in the Isolated Sheep Heart
Authors: Moussa Mansour, Ravi Mandapati, Omer Berenfeld, Jay Chen, Faramarz H. Samie, José Jalife
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Recent studies demonstrated spatiotemporal organization in atrial fibrillation (AF). We hypothesized that waves emanating from sources in the left atrium (LA) undergo fragmentation, resulting in left-to-right frequency gradient. Our objective was to characterize impulse propagation across Bachmann's bundle (BB) and the inferoposterior pathway (IPP) during AF.In 13 Langendorff-perfused sheep hearts, AF was induced in the presence of acetylcholine (ACh). Fast Fourier transform of optical and bipolar electrode recordings was performed. Frequency-dependent changes in the left-to-right dominant frequency (DF) gradient were studied by perfusing D600 (2 micromol/L) and by increasing ACh concentration from 0.2 to 0.5 micromol/L. BB and IPP were subsequently ablated. At baseline, a left-to-right decrease in DFs occurred along BB and IPP, resulting in an LA-right atrium (RA) frequency gradient of 5.7+/-1.4 HZ: Left-to-right impulse propagation was present in 81+/-5% and 80+/-10% of cases along BB and IPP, respectively. D600 decreased the highest LA frequency from 19.7+/-4.4 to 16.2+/-3.9 Hz (P<0.01) and raised RA DF from 8.6+/-2.0 to 10.7+/-1.8 Hz (P<0.05). An increase in ACh concentration increased the LA-RA frequency gradient from 4.9+/-1.8 to 8.9+/-1.8 Hz (P<0.05). Ablation of BB and IPP decreased RA DF from 10.9+/-1.2 to 9.0+/-1.5 Hz (P<0.01) without affecting LA DF (16.8+/-1.5 versus 16.9+/-1.8 Hz, P=NS).Left-to-right impulse propagation and frequency-dependent changes in the LA-RA frequency gradient during AF strongly support the hypothesis that this arrhythmia is the result of high-frequency periodic sources in the LA, with fibrillatory conduction away from such sources.
NO: COPD and beyond
Authors: A. T. Jones, T. W. Evans
Journal: Thorax (1997)

Background.Inhalation of nitric oxide (NO) causes selective pulmonary vasodilation and improves arterial oxygenation in acute respiratory distress syndrome.But some patients do not respond or gas exchange worsens when inhaling NO.We hypothesised that this detrimental effect might be related to the reversion of hypoxic vasconstriction in those patients where this mechanism contributes to ventilation-perfusion (V ˙A/Q ˙) matching.Methods.We studied 13 patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).We compared their responses to breathing room air, NO at 40 parts per million in air, and 100% O 2 .Changes in pulmonary haemodynamics, blood gases, and V ˙A/Q ḋistributions were assessed.Findings.NO inhalation decreased the mean (SE) pulmonary artery pressure from 25.9 (2.0) to 21.5 (1.7) mm Hg (p=0.001) and PaO 2 from 56 (2) to 53 (2) mm Hg (p=0.014).The decrease in PaO 2 resulted from worsening of V ˙A/Q ˙distributions, as shown by a greater dispersion of the blood-flow distribution (logSD Q ˙) from 1.11 (0.1) to 1.22 (0.1) (p=0.018).O 2 breathing reduced the mean pulmonary arterial pressure to 23.4 (2.1) mm Hg and caused greater V ˙A/Q ˙mismatch (logSD Q ˙, 1.49 [0.1]).The intrapulmonary shunt on room air was small (2.7 [0.9]%) and did not change when breathing NO or O 2 .Interpretation.We conclude that in patients with COPD, in whom hypoxaemia is caused essentially by V ˙A/Q ˙imbalance rather than by shunt, inhaled NO can worsen gas exchange because of impaired hypoxic regulation of the matching between ventilation and perfusion.
Influence of Direct Myocardial Revascularization on Left Ventricular Asynergy and Function in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: KANU CHATTERJEE, H. J. C. SWAN, WILLIAM W. PARMLEY, HECTOR SUSTAITA, HAROLD S. MARCUS, JACK MATLOFF
Journal: Circulation (1973)

The influence of successful aortocoronary artery bypass surgery on left ventricular asynergy and dysfunction was studied by hemodynamic and angiographic methods in 29 patients with coronary artery disease. Eight patients had the preinfarction syndrome, 10 patients had chronic ischemia without previous infarction, and 11 patients had chronic ischemia with previous infarction. LV asynergy was present preoperatively in 12 of the 18 patients in the first two groups. Marked improvement occurred in all and a normal wall motion was restored in the majority following surgery. More pronounced improvement was noted in the preinfarction syndrome as compared to the group with chronic ischemia and no previous infarct. The ejection fraction was reduced in 12 of the 18 patients in these two groups and significant improvement was observed postoperatively [0.45 ± 0.03 ( sem ) to 0.74 ± 0.03]. Increase in ejection fraction was primarily due to a decrease in the end-systolic volume (71 ± 12 to 23 ± 4 ml/m 2 ). The end-diastolic volume was only slightly reduced (114 ± 12 to 97 ± 9 ml/m 2 ). Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure fell from 15 ± 1 to 10 ± 1 mm Hg. In nine of 11 patients who had previous myocardial infarction, abnormal wall motion was present preoperatively. Following surgery, some abnormalities of wall motion persisted in the areas of known infarction, although significant improvement of wall motion occurred in the noninfarcted segments. The ejection fraction was reduced in seven of these 11 patients and improved postoperatively. (0.44 ± 0.05 to 0.59 ± 0.05). The end-systolic volume decreased from 57 ± 5 to 41 ± 6 ml/m 2 , and the end-diastolic volume was unchanged (106 ± 5 to 108 ml/m 2 ). Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure fell from a mean value of 17 ± 3 to a mean value of 10 ± 2 mmHg following successful surgery. These findings are consistent with improved pump function and were associated with improvement in indices of contractile state. The observations indicate that significant improvement in ventricular wall motion and pump function occurs in patients with obstructive coronary disease following successful aortocoronary artery bypass surgery even in the presence of old myocardial infarction. Since the patients of the present study all had normal initial end-diastolic volumes, however, similar beneficial results might not occur in patients with cardiomegaly and more severe heart failure.
EXTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY PLAQUE INDEPENDENTLY PREDICTS MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITHOUT INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: Damien M. Marycz, Devon Archinal, Mariam Khan, Heather L. Gornik, Mehdi H. Shishehbor, John R. Bartholomew, Esther S.H. Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
A CASE OF POLYMYOSITIS WITH EOSINOPHILIA.*
Authors: DOUGLAS McALPINE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1936)

Journal Article A CASE OF POLYMYOSITIS WITH EOSINOPHILIA. Get access DOUGLAS McALPINE, M.D., F.R.C.P. DOUGLAS McALPINE, M.D., F.R.C.P. Physician in Charge of Department for Nervous Diseases, Middlesex Hospital; Physician to Hospital for Epilepsy and Paralysis, Maida Vale Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 48, Issue 5, 1 May 1936, Pages 238–245, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1936.tb10334.x Published: 01 May 1936
A Critical Role for Dnmt1 and DNA Methylation in T Cell Development, Function, and Survival
Authors: Peggy P. Lee, David R. Fitzpatrick, Caroline Beard, Heidi K. Jessup, Sophie Lehar, Karen W. Makar, Mercedes Pérez-Melgosa, Marianne T. Sweetser, Mark S. Schlissel, Suzanne Nguyen, Sara R. Cherry, Jeff H. Tsai, Sean M. Tucker, William M. Weaver, Anne Kelso, Rudolf Jaenisch, Christopher B. Wilson
Journal: Immunity (2001)
Activators of the nuclear hormone receptors PPARalpha and FXR accelerate the development of the fetal epidermal permeability barrier.
Authors: K Hanley, Y Jiang, D Crumrine, N M Bass, R Appel, P M Elias, M L Williams, K R Feingold
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Members of the superfamily of nuclear hormone receptors which are obligate heterodimeric partners of the retinoid X receptor may be important in epidermal development. Here, we examined the effects of activators of the receptors for vitamin D3 and retinoids, and of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) and the farnesoid X-activated receptor (FXR), on the development of the fetal epidermal barrier in vitro. Skin explants from gestational day 17 rats (term is 22 d) are unstratified and lack a stratum corneum (SC). After incubation in hormone-free media for 3-4 d, a multilayered SC replete with mature lamellar membranes in the interstices and a functionally competent barrier appear. 9-cis or all-trans retinoic acid, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3, or the PPARgamma ligands prostaglandin J2 or troglitazone did not affect the development of barrier function or epidermal morphology. In contrast, activators of the PPARalpha, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and clofibrate, accelerated epidermal development, resulting in mature lamellar membranes, a multilayered SC, and a competent barrier after 2 d of incubation. The FXR activators, all-trans farnesol and juvenile hormone III, also accelerated epidermal barrier development. Activities of beta-glucocerebrosidase and steroid sulfatase, enzymes previously linked to barrier maturation, also increased after treatment with PPARalpha and FXR activators. In contrast, isoprenoids, such as nerolidol, cis-farnesol, or geranylgeraniol, or metabolites in the cholesterol pathway, such as mevalonate, squalene, or 25-hydroxycholesterol, did not alter barrier development. Finally, additive effects were observed in explants incubated with clofibrate and farnesol together in suboptimal concentrations which alone did not affect barrier development. These data indicate a putative physiologic role for PPARalpha and FXR in epidermal barrier development.
Expression and function of CCR5 and CXCR4 on human Langerhans cells and macrophages: Implications for HIV primary infection
Authors: Marina Zaitseva, Andrew Blauvelt, Shirley Lee, Cheryl K. Lapham, Vera Kiaus-Kovrun, Howard Mostowski, Jody Manischewitz, Hana Golding
Journal: Nature Medicine (1997)
A Patient With Extreme Insulin Resistance Syndrome Treated With Pioglitazone
Authors: Yoshiyuki Hattori, Hiroko Satoh, Takashi Namatame, Sachiko Hattori, Kikuo Kasai
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

Genetic types of extreme insulin resistance include type A insulin resistance syndrome, leprechaunism, congenital generalized lipodystrophy, and Rabson-Mendelhall syndrome (1). Acanthosis nigricans and ovarian masculinization are frequently associated with these syndromes. Genetic defects in insulin action at the receptor or postreceptor levels are responsible for insulin resistance. Since thiazolidinediones enhance insulin sensitivity in patients with insulin resistance, we administered pioglitazone to an insulin-resistant patient with a mutation of the insulin receptor.

A 15-year-old Japanese female was referred to the hospital for an evaluation of hirsutism. Acanthosis nigricans was present in the axillary area and on the neck. She had been amenorrheic since menarche at the age of 12 years. She had …
DNA vaccines with single-chain Fv fused to fragment C of tetanus toxin induce protective immunity against lymphoma and myeloma
Authors: Catherine A. King, Myfanwy B. Spellerberg, Delin Zhu, Jason Rice, Surinder S. Sahota, Andrew R. Thompsett, Terry J. Hamblin, Jiri Radl, Freda K. Stevenson
Journal: Nature Medicine (1998)
Use of Tc-99m Glucoheptonate Scintimammography as a Potential Alternative for the Diagnosis of Breast Cancer
Authors: Yamile Pe??a, Marco A Coca, Alejandro Perera, Juan F. Batista, Mar??a L. Bush, Elvia L. S??nchez
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. Tc-99m MIBI is a radiopharmaceutical commonly used for tumor scintigraphy studies. Tc-99m GH is a radiopharmaceutical originally used for the assessment of renal function. As a result of the rapid clearance and progressive accumulation of GH in tumors, these tumors may be using this glucose analog as a substrate for energy. The authors describe 2 cases. A 74-year-old woman had an infiltrating lobular breast carcinoma and negative mammography. The breast malignancy was visualized with Tc-99m GH. Tc-99m MIBI was negative for tumor. A 38-year-old woman had infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Mammography and scintigraphy with both radiopharmaceuticals were positive.
Receptor-mediated activation of ceramidase activity initiates the pleiotropic actions of adiponectin
Authors: William L Holland, Russell A Miller, Zhao V Wang, Kai Sun, Brian M Barth, Hai H Bui, Kathryn E Davis, Benjamin T Bikman, Nils Halberg, Joseph M Rutkowski, Mark R Wade, Vincent M Tenorio, Ming-Shang Kuo, Joseph T Brozinick, Bei B Zhang, Morris J Birnbaum, Scott A Summers, Philipp E Scherer
Journal: Nature Medicine (2010)
Vaccinating Against Brain Syndromes: The Campaign Against Measles and Rubella
Authors: Daniel R. Neuspiel
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Measles is an extremely contagious viral illness that causes 2.5 million child deaths worldwide per year. Encephalitis strikes approximately one in 1000 measles victims and results in 15% mortality; 25% to 35% of the survivors suffer permanent neurological impairment. Rubella is another highly contagious childhood disease. Its effects are usually mild; yet this virus causes encephalitis, deafness, retardation, and other congenital defects in children whose mothers were infected during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester. Both of these infections are rampant throughout most of the world, although their impact has been dramatically reduced in many industrialized nations in the past two decades, largely because of the implementation of effective immunization programs. In 1978, the Public Health Service called for the elimination of indigenous measles from the United States by 1982. Although this goal was not achieved, striking declines in the incidence of measles, rubella, and the congenital-rubella syndrome have occurred.
An Introduction to Medical Genetics
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1964)

There are several criteria for effective writing. The author must have his audience clearly in mind. He must have a sharp sense of relevance, so that he can include what is truly important for this particular audience. He must be a master of his subject, because only a master will have the self-confidence to weed out what is not relevant. Whereas a minor figure might be afraid to omit anything lest he be accused of inadequacy, the master has a sense of artistic unity that governs his selection of material. His work can thus form an effective whole instead of a confusing hodgepodge whose only merit is completeness. And it goes without saying that the good author is able to express himself clearly. He can transmit his ideas and order his material so that the student is easily and naturally led from the relatively simple to the more and more
Transfer Factor and Cellular Immune Deficiency Diseases.
Authors: H. Sherwood Lawrence
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1972Transfer Factor and Cellular Immune Deficiency Diseases.H. Sherwood Lawrence, M.D., F.A.C.P.H. Sherwood Lawrence, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-5-854_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTransfer factor is one of the most potent immunologic reagents available for the induction and reconstitution of delayed-type hypersensitivity and cellular immunity in humans. It is a small (less than 10 000 mw), nonantigenic, nonimmunoglobulin moiety that is separated from other macromolecules in human blood leukocytes by dialysis and concentrated by lyophilization of the dialysate. Dialysable transfer factor possesses all of the immunological properties of the viable leukocytes from which it is prepared-namely, for prolonged periods (1 to 2 years) transfer factor gives the recipient each of the specific delayed-type hypersensitivity responses and cellular immunities possessed by the donor.These... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: H. Sherwood Lawrence, M.D., F.A.C.P.Affiliations: New York, N. Y. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1972Volume 76, Issue 5Page: 854-854KeywordsBloodHypersensitivityImmune deficiencyImmunityMedical dialysis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Hepatitis C screening of men who have sex with men
Authors: C. J. Ward, V. Lee
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Koretz and colleagues failed to highlight hepatitis C (HCV) as an emerging sexually transmitted infection in men who have sex with men (MSM), and the public health implications.1

The past decade has seen a global epidemic of HCV in HIV positive MSM, fuelled by high risk sexual practices and drug use.2 Our clinic has seen a sustained increase …
926. The Combination of P19ARF-HIV Tat Cytotoxic Gene Expression with AAT-1 PDX Increases Cell Killing of Brain Tumor Cells
Authors: Wouter J. Driessen, Sean M. Sullivan
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

A synthetic cytotoxic gene was developed to kill tumor cells through a bystander effect; the application being to kill not only transfected tumor cells but the cells surrounding the transfected cells. Rather than relying on a cytotoxic ligand/receptor interaction, a combination of an intracellular cytotoxic gene element with a membrane permeability domain was developed. Peptide modeling studies identified a 28 amino acid sequence composed of an HIV Tat derived membrane permeability domain combined with a cytotoxic P19ARFdoamin that could be taken up by brain tumor cells and endothelial cells resulting in their death (Y.P.R.