tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Detection of Group A Streptococci in the Laboratory or Physician's Office
Authors: James A. Kellogg
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Much controversy has existed concerning the clinical significance of small numbers of group A streptococci (eg, one to ten or even 50 colonies) recovered in culture. The relative quantity of streptococci recovered is, in part, technique dependent. This review documents the need for sensitive throat culture technology, addresses technical problems associated with the culture procedure, and, in light of these problems, explores the need for very carefully performed studies on streptococcal antigen detection kits before their implementation as a routine test either in physicians' offices or in microbiology laboratories.
Pegylated 40KDA IFN alfa-2a plus amantadine (AMA) or ribavirin (RBV) in naives with chronic hepatitis C (CHC): the HIMPCT (Hepatitis Italian Multicenter Pegasys Amantadine Cooperative Trial)
Authors: Gaetano Ideo, Mario Angelico, A. Chirianni, Antonio Craxi, G. Di Perri, L. Minoli, Giuseppe Montalto, Antonio Picciotto, Mario Rizzetto, Giuseppe Ruggiero, A. Scalzini, Massimo Sarracino
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Effectiveness of voriconazole in the treatment of Aspergillus fumigatus–associated asthma (EVITA3 study)
Authors: Joshua Agbetile, Michelle Bourne, Abbie Fairs, Beverley Hargadon, Dhananjay Desai, Clare Broad, Joseph Morley, Peter Bradding, Christopher E. Brightling, Ruth H. Green, Pranabashis Haldar, Catherine H. Pashley, Ian D. Pavord, Andrew J. Wardlaw
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Role of peak bone mass and bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis: 12 year study.
Authors: M A Hansen, K Overgaard, B J Riis, C Christiansen
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To examine the role of peak bone mass and subsequent postmenopausal bone loss in the development of osteoporosis and the reliability of identifying women at risk from one bone mass measurement and one biochemical assessment of the future bone loss. DESIGN--Population based study. SETTING--Outpatient clinic for research into osteoporosis. SUBJECTS--178 healthy early postmenopausal women who had participated in a two year study in 1977. 154 of the women underwent follow up examination in 1989, of whom 33 were excluded because of diseases or taking drugs known to affect calcium metabolism. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Bone mineral content of the forearm and values of biochemical markers of bone turnover. RESULTS--The average reduction in bone mineral content during 1977-89 was 20%, but the fast losers had lost 10.0% more than had the slow loser group (mean loss 26.6% in fast losers and 16.6% in slow losers; p less than 0.001). Prediction of future bone mineral content using baseline bone mineral content and estimated rate of loss gave results almost identical with the actual bone mineral content measured in 1989. Seven women had had a Colles9 fracture and 20 a spinal compression fracture. The group with Colles9 fracture had low baseline bone mineral content (34.7 (95% confidence interval 31.3 to 38.1) units v 39.4 (38.1 to 40.8) units in women with no fracture) whereas the group with spinal fracture had a normal baseline bone mineral content (38.1 (35.0 to 41.1) units) but an increased rate of loss (-2.4 (-3.5 to -1.3)%/year v -1.8 (-2.1 to -1.5)%/year in women with no fracture). CONCLUSIONS--One baseline measurement of bone mass combined with a single estimation of the rate of bone loss can reliably identify the women at menopause who are at highest risk of developing osteoporosis later in life. The rate of loss may have an independent role in likelihood of vertebral fracture.
Response: Could mutations in the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase gene induced by thiopurine therapy promote the development of second malignant neoplasms?
Authors: Kjeld Schmiegelow, Ibrahim Al-Modhawi, Mette Klarskov Andersen, Mikael Berendtz, Erik Forestier, Henrik Hasle, Mats Heyman, Jon Kristinsson, Jacob Nersting, Randi Nygaard, Anne Louise Svendsen, Kim Vettenranta, Richard Weinshilboum
Journal: Blood (2009)
Risk Stratification by Adenosine Stress Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Patients With Coronary Artery Stenoses of Intermediate Angiographic Severity
Authors: Christina Doesch, Achim Seeger, Jörg Doering, Christian Herdeg, Christof Burgstahler, Claus D. Claussen, Meinrad Gawaz, Stephan Miller, Andreas E. May
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2009)
Optimal number of biopsy specimens in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the oesophagus.
Authors: N Lal, D K Bhasin, A K Malik, N M Gupta, K Singh, S K Mehta
Journal: Gut (1992)

The study evaluated 48 patients with carcinoma of the oesophagus to assess the optimal number of biopsy specimens required to obtain the highest yield. Eight specimens were obtained from each patient and two specimens were placed serially in each of four vials. The first vial provided a positive diagnosis in 95.8% of cases. The addition of two more specimens (second vial) increased the yield to 97.9% and the fifth and sixth specimens increased the positive yield to 100%. There was no statistically significant difference in the yield according to the site and the type of growth.
Benzodiazepines and Hip Fracture
Authors: Jake Jacobs
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article on the risk of hip fracture by Ray et al<sup>1</sup>raises several questions worthy of further discussion. The abstract and, especially, the press coverage given the study suggest that hip fractures in patients who receive long-acting benzodiazepine are a major public health problem. Approximately 211 000 hip fractures occur in elderly Americans annually.<sup>2</sup>Study results indicate that, at most, 5.8% of hip fractures occurred in patients who received long-acting benzodiazepines, while 20.6% occurred in patients who received other psychotropic drugs. We are interested in seeing the point prevalence of long-acting benzodiazepine and other psychotropic use in the entire elderly population in Saskatchewan, Canada. We would not be surprised to see that benzodiazepine use is comparable with that among study case subjects, while the use of other psychotropics is far lower than that among study case subjects. A more important issue is that the
Approaches to Taxonomy and Measurement of Adaptation in Chronic Disease
Authors: Manfred Beutel
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1985)

The concept of adaptation has gained central importance in research on chronic disease. The article reviews recent developments in the major theoretical concepts, coping, defense and social support. A schema for classification is introduced distinguishing coping and defense processes at the individual (cognitive-emotional and behavioral), interpersonal and institutional levels. Some often neglected aspects of the evaluation (concerning temporal orientation, level, areas and perspective of rater) are pointed out. Underlying methodological aspects are briefly reviewed. Applying conceptual demands of theories of adaptation to research on chronic disease shows major research deficits, especially a lack of accepted definitions of adjustment, a preference for static, one-dimensional and cross-sectional research and a lack of adequate assessment procedures. Desiderata for future research are suggested.
Preparing for the 21st-Century Patient
Authors: Abhishek Pandey
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hypertension; Recent Advances. The Second Hahnemann Symposium on Hypertensive Disease
Authors: Richard Gorlin
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This book represents an up-to-date summary of knowledge in the field of hypertension. The papers are presented by the participants of the Second Hahnemann Symposium on Hypertensive Diseases. The list of contributing authors is an impressive one; their material spans the natural history, etiology, and pharmacology of hypertension, and the interrelationship of hypertension and atherosclerosis. The amount of material presented is massive and obviously authoritative and benefits from the fact that the comments of the other participants are included with the articles. This book is recommended for anyone who has a serious and detailed interest in hypertension. It is recommended to students only when a knowledge of the disease has been acquired first from standard sources.
Matrilysin expression and function in airway epithelium.
Authors: S E Dunsmore, U K Saarialho-Kere, J D Roby, C L Wilson, L M Matrisian, H G Welgus, W C Parks
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

We report that matrilysin, a matrix metalloproteinase, is constitutively expressed in the epithelium of peribronchial glands and conducting airways in normal lung. Matrilysin expression was increased in airway epithelial cells and was induced in alveolar type II cells in cystic fibrosis. Other metalloproteinases (collagenase-1, stromelysin-1, and 92-kD gelatinase) were not produced by normal or injured lung epithelium. These observations suggest that matrilysin functions in injury-mediated responses of the lung. Indeed, matrilysin expression was increased in migrating airway epithelial cells in wounded human and mouse trachea. In human tissue, epithelial migration was reduced by > 80% by a hydroxamate inhibitor, and in mouse tissue, reepithelialization in trachea from matrilysin-null mice was essentially blocked. In vivo observations and cell culture studies demonstrated that matrilysin was secreted lumenally by lung epithelium, but upon activation or while migrating over wounds, some matrilysin was released basally. The constitutive production of matrilysin in conducting airways, its upregulation after injury, its induction by alveolar epithelium, and its release into both lumenal and matrix compartments suggest that this metalloproteinase serves multiple functions in intact and injured lung, one of which is to facilitate reepithelialization.
Whistleblowing in the Health Service: Accountability, Law and Professional Practice; Whistleblowing: Subversion or Corporate Citizenship?
Authors: N. Craft
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Whistleblowing in the Health Service: Accountability, Law and Professional Practice

Geoffrey Hunt Edward Arnold, £12.99, pp 170 ISBN 0340 59234 6

Whistleblowing: Subversion of Corporate Citizenship?

Ed Gerald Vinten Paul Chapman, £15.95, pp 196 ISBN 1 85396 238 4

Mention whistleblowing to anyone currently working in the NHS and you can feel the atmosphere stiffen. The harrowing descriptions of intimidation and personal costs suffered by well known whistleblowers such as Graham Pink and Helen Zeitlin (both of whom expressed their concern about nursing shortages) have put the fear of God into everyone else working in the NHS. Many trust employees are now “gagged” by confidentiality or conflict …
Death Comes for Peter Pan
Authors: V. Warren
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Joan Brady Secker and Warburg, £15.99, pp 310 ISBN 0 436 20261 1

In a complicated work Joan Brady has set herself the challenge of presenting the results of some important investigative journalism as a novel.

The Peter Pan of the title is one Peter Kessler, a man who moves in the world of highbrow literary political commentary. In this he is unlike the rest of his extended family, who form a significant proportion of the doctors in a midwestern town in the United States. Differing from their solid reliability, he has at once the …
The Ribena girls
Authors: T. Greenhalgh
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Here’s a splendid David and Goliath story about how two 14 year old girls exposed a false claim by the pharmaceutical giant GlaxoSmithKline (GSK).

Back in 2004 Anna Devathasan and Jenny Suo were doing a school chemistry experiment to measure the amount of vitamin C in foods. They decided to test their cartons of “Ready to Drink” Ribena—and found that, contrary to the manufacturer’s claims, and in contrast with a fresh orange juice …
Phthalate esters as peroxisome proliferator carcinogens.
Authors: J R Warren, N D Lalwani, J K Reddy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

The phthalate ester di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate is both a peroxisome proliferator and a hepatic carcinogen. Peroxisome proliferators as a class are hepatocarcinogenic in rodent species. However, none of the peroxisome proliferators tested to date including the phthalate esters and related alcohol and acid analogs have demonstrated mutagenic or DNA-damaging activity in the in vitro Salmonella typhimurium/microsomal or the lymphocyte 3H-thymidine assays. A working hypothesis is proposed that peroxisome proliferation itself initiates neoplastic transformation of hepatic parenchymal cells by increasing intracellular rates of DNA-damaging reactive oxygen production. Evidence which supports such a hypothesis includes increased fatty acid beta-oxidation, elevated H2O2 levels, accumulation of peroxidized lipofuscin, disproportionately small increase in catalase, and elevated peroxisomal uricase activity which accompany peroxisome proliferation in hepatocytes. Direct testing of this hypothesis will provide insight into mechanisms of phthalate ester carcinogenicity and cytotoxicity.
Abstract P5-06-01: MTA2 and AR Overexpression in ER-Negative Breast Cancer Cells: Roles in Invasion and Metastasis
Authors: SF Morales, KR Covington, A Ciupek, L Brusco, NL Weigel, Y Lu, G Mills, SAW. Fuqua
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Background: We have previously shown that overexpression of metastasis associated protein 2 (MTA2) can render estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cells hormone-independent through postranscriptional effects on ER acetylation and phosphorylation. Recently we discovered that MTA2 overexpression in ER-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells enhances invasion and metastasis in athymic nude mice which involves activation of the Rho pathway. It is also known that the androgen receptor (AR) is frequently expressed in breast tumors; however its role in proliferation, invasion, or breast cancer metastasis is poorly understood. Materials and Methods: MTA2 was stably overexpressed in MDA-MB-231 and its levels validated using Western blot analysis. To identify downstream effects due to MTA2 overexpression, we employed reverse phase protein arrays, and Affymetrix expression arrays. Significant changes in gene expression were identified using dCHIP software, and student t tests. Invasion was examined using modified Boyden chamber growth assays, proliferation was assayed using soft agar growth and MTT assays, and metastasis was measured as tumor growth in athymic nude mice. Results: MTA2 overexpression in ER-negative cells enhanced distant and skin metastases in athymic nude mice. In an attempt to identify effectors of MTA2-mediated metastasis, we used RNA microarray and protein array screens, and found that AR was significantly increased. As a control, we employed a rescue of the highly metastatic MTA2-MDA-MB-231 cell phenotype via stable transfection and add-back of Rho GDIa, a gene that was concomitantly down-regulated with MTA2 overexpression. AR levels were significantly reduced with Rho GDIa add-back. To determine if AR was functional in these cells, we used ARE-luciferase reporter assays and discovered that both basal, and agonist (R1881)-induced transcriptional activity were significantly enhanced. The AR antagonist, bicalutamide, was effective at significantly decreasing the invasive potential of MTA2- overexpressing MDA-MB-231 cells In vivo experiments in nude mice with bicalutamide treatment are underway. Discussion: AR was significantly overexpressed with the aggressive phenotype conferred via MTA2 overexpression. This suggests that blockade of AR action might provide a new therapeutic target to inhibit metastasis of breast cancer cells. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-06-01.
Thromboangiitis Obliterans in Two Brothers
Authors: Richard M. Goodman, Beatrice Elian, Mark Moses
Journal: JAMA (1963)

To the Editor:  —We are currently engaged in a study of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) among the various Jewish ethnic groups in Israel. Though the study is in its early stages, we have encountered two brothers with this disorder.  The propositus is a 51-year-old Jewish man who was born in Russia and immigrated to Israel 32 years ago. The patient started smoking at age 15 and continues to smoke approximately 11/2 packages of cigarettes per day. His symptoms began at the age of 33 with migrating thrombophlebitis in both legs. In 1956 he had a bilateral lumbar sympathectomy followed by amputation of the left big toe.  The brother is 57 years old and he started smoking at the age of 12. He continued smoking 11/2 packages of cigarettes until age 46 at which time he stopped. His symptoms began at age 25 with weakness in the left leg followed by
Effect of digestive health care services integration on resource use and outcomes in patients with digestive disorders
Authors: Kristen O. Arseneau, Paul Yeaton, Michel Kahaleh, Fabio Cominelli
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2003)

<h2>Abstract</h2> <b>Background & Aims:</b> Academic medical centers are under pressure to contain resources. The University of Virginia Digestive Health Service Center (DHSC) is a fully integrated inpatient service combining gastroenterology, hepatology, surgery, pathology, radiology, and nutritional services. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether integration of digestive health services can contain resource use among gastrointestinal (GI) inpatient admissions. <b>Methods:</b> This is a cohort study of 2934 inpatient cases admitted to a referral academic medical center between January 1, 1998, and June 30, 2000, with a primary diagnosis of an esophageal disorder, appendicitis, abdominal hernia, intestinal obstruction, diverticulitis, biliary tract disease, liver disease, a pancreatic disorder, or GI hemorrhage. Cases were grouped by admitting service (DHSC vs. other nonintegrated inpatient services). Total cost, length of stay, and 30-day readmission rate were adjusted for differences in baseline patient characteristics and compared. <b>Results:</b> DHSC admission was associated with significant cost savings (<i>P</i> = 0.0363) and reduced length of stay (<i>P</i> < 0.0001). Cost savings were attributable to patients admitted for liver disease (<i>P</i> = 0.0077), GI hemorrhage (<i>P</i> = 0.0031), and diverticulitis (<i>P</i> = 0.0497); reductions in length of stay were seen for patients with liver disease (<i>P</i> = 0.0314), GI hemorrhage (<i>P</i> = 0.0212), diverticulitis (<i>P</i> = 0.0017), esophageal disorders (<i>P</i> = 0.0006), and abdominal hernia (<i>P</i> = 0.0458). DHSC patients with pancreatic disorders had increased total cost (<i>P</i> = 0.0247), but no difference in length of stay (<i>P</i> = 0.7504) and a lower 30-day readmission rate (<i>P</i> = 0.0478). <b>Conclusions:</b> Integration of digestive health services reduces resource use for patients with digestive diseases and may improve outcomes for patients with pancreatic disorders. A multidisciplinary service center may represent a more efficient model for health care delivery for these patients.
Medicine and Spirituality
Authors: K. Modjarrad
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Obesity and Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: David T. Felson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Study Objective: To determine whether obesity preceded knee osteoarthritis and was thus a possible cause. Design: Cohort study with weight and other important variables measured in 1948 to 1951 (mean age of subjects, 37 years) and knee arthritis evaluated in 1983 to 1985 (mean age of subjects, 73 years). Setting: Population-based participants; a subset (n = 1420) of the Framingham Heart Study cohort. Methods: For those subjects in the Framingham Study having knee radiographs taken as part of the 18th biennial examination (1983 to 1985), we examined Metropolitan Relative Weight, a measure of weight adjusted for height at the onset of the study (1948 to 1951). Relative risks were computed as the cumulative incidence rate of radiographic knee osteoarthritis in the heaviest weight groups at examination 1 divided by the cumulative rate in the lightest 60% weight groups at examination 1. Relative risks were adjusted for age, physical activity level, and uric acid level. Results: In 1983 to 1985, 468 subjects (33%) had radiographic knee osteoarthritis. For men, the risk of knee osteoarthritis was increased in those in the heaviest quintile of weight at examination 1 compared with those in the lightest three quintiles (age-adjusted relative risk, 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14 to 1.98); risk was not increased for those in the second heaviest quintile (relative risk, 1.0). The association between weight and knee osteoarthritis was stronger in women than in men; for women in the most overweight quintile at examination 1, relative risk was 2.07 (95% CI, 1.67 to 2.55), and for those in the second heaviest group, relative risk was 1.44 (95% CI, 1.11 to 1.86). This link between obesity and subsequent osteoarthritis persisted after controlling for serum uric acid level and physical activity level, and was strongest for persons with severest radiographic disease. Obesity at examination 1 was associated with the risk of developing both symptomatic and asymptomatic osteoarthritis. Conclusions: These results and other corroborative cross-sectional data show that obesity or as yet unknown factors associated with obesity cause knee osteoarthritis.