tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Radioimmunoassay of Plasma Arginine Vasopressin in Hyponatremic Patients with Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Victoria L. Szatalowicz, Patricia E. Arnold, Cidio Chaimovitz, Daniel Bichet, Tomas Berl, Robert W. Schrier
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

HYPONATREMIA occurs frequently in patients with congestive heart failure who have moderate fluid intakes (1 to 3 liters per day).1 It is not clear whether persistent release of arginine vasopressin (AVP — the mammalian antidiuretic hormone [ADH]) or intrarenal factors account for this impaired water excretion. When bioassay techniques have been used to assess the role of AVP in the hyponatremia associated with congestive heart failure, the results have been conflicting.2 3 4 5 In this investigation, we used a sensitive radioimmunoassay technique to measure AVP in 37 patients with congestive heart failure and associated hyponatremia. AVP levels were detectable in 30 of . . .
Physicians and Domestic Violence
Authors: Robert E. McAfee
Journal: JAMA (1995)

During the past 4 years, the American Medical Association (AMA) has made diagnosis and prevention of family violence one of its top public health priorities. The AMA's definition of family violence includes child physical abuse, child sexual abuse, domestic violence or spousal abuse, and elder abuse as the four components—together a major public health problem. While previous AMA policies have sought to deter aspects of family violence, no concerted effort was made until a presentation at the AMA National Leadership Conference by the Board of Trustees in 1991. The overwhelming effect of that presentation led to a survey on the extent of domestic violence and the proper way to control it.<sup>1</sup>Among the findings: Three fourths of all Americans see violence as a very serious problem, and 40% believe family violence is a very serious problem in this country. More than 85% of Americans felt they could tell a
Readmission Rates After Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Benjamin Zmistowski
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Role of Endoscopic Ultrasonography in Esophageal Carcinoma
Authors: H. J. Dittler, J. R. Siewert
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

One hundred and sixty seven consecutive patients with esophageal carcinoma (squamous cell carcinoma: n = 108, adenocarcinoma: n = 59) who underwent surgery were preoperatively examined by endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), and the results were compared with intraoperative exploration and histopathological evaluation of resection specimens. The T and N stage were correctly determined by EUS in 86 % and 73 %, respectively. The assessment of the T stage for cases with traversable (n = 124) versus non-traversable (n = 43) tumor stenoses was 85 % and 70 %, respectively. Prediction of resectability by EUS (89 %) was correct for adenocarcinoma (82 % actual R0 resection rate), but not for squamous cell cancer (64 %). This was due to the high incidence of submucosal microscopic tumor spread of squamous cell cancer not detectable on EUS. We consider EUS an indispensable diagnostic tool in the local staging of esophageal cancer since it provides important information in the assessment of resectability, aids in therapeutic decisions and in determining the prognosis. Our comparably low rate of primary surgery (66 %) and the high resection rate of 95 % are due to the exact preoperative staging by EUS.
PTU-002 Large volume Paracentesis (LVP) can be Safely Performed by Junior Doctors without Ultrasound Guidance
Authors: B Conduit, E Wesley, J Christie, U Thalheimer
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The introduction of the European Working Time Directive has lead to concerns about reduction in exposure to practical procedures for junior doctors<sup>1</sup>. Ultrasound is now considered essential for pleural aspiration and chest drain insertion<sup>2</sup>. Its use for LVP has also been suggested<sup>3</sup>. Our aim was to assess the safety of LVP performed at our centre according to the clinical grade of the operator. <h3>Methods</h3> We identified patients who had undergone LVP at our hospital during a 12 month period from October 2010 by reviewing the admission book of our department and by reviewing a list of all the ascitic fluid samples sent to our microbiology department. Case notes for these patients were reviewed and data were collected on patient demographics, method of insertion (blind vs. ultrasound guided), grade of operator, adequacy of albumin replacement and the occurrence of any complications. <h3>Results</h3> 56 LVP were performed on 28 patients. 53 drains were successfully inserted blindly, 3 required ultrasound guidance. 2 drains were inserted by consultants (both ultrasound guided) and 9 by registrars. 15 were inserted by core training doctors (1 procedure was supervised) and 28 by foundation doctors (19 supervised). Ascites was sent for white cell count after 53 (95%) procedures. No major procedure related complications occurred; 1 patient required a stitch for a minor cutaneous bleed after drain removal. 6 received &lt; 6 g albumin per litre of ascites drained. 3 LVP were carried out with no albumin replacement, in 2 of these the drain had been inserted under ultrasound guidance. For 2 procedures (performed on surgical wards) the drain was not removed after 6 hours. <h3>Conclusion</h3> LVP can be safely performed without ultrasound guidance by adequately trained or supervised junior doctors. Some failings occurred with regard to albumin replacement, timely drain removal and request for ascitic white cell count. However, none of these would have been prevented by performing drain insertion under ultrasound guidance. Patients who had their drain inserted under ultrasound guidance were in fact more likely to receive sub-optimal post-procedure care. Protocols are required for the management of ascitic drains and clear communication with nursing staff is essential. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared <h3>References</h3> Doctors' training and the European Working Time Directive. <i>Lancet</i> 2010; 375(9732):2121. Havelock T, Teoh R, Laws D, Gleeson F. Pleural procedures and thoracic ultrasound British Thoracic Society Pleural Disease Guideline 2010. <i>Thorax</i> 2010; 65 Suppl 2:ii61–76. Nazeer SR, Dewbre H, Miller AH. Ultrasound-assisted paracentesis performed by emergency physicians vs the traditional technique: a prospective, randomised study. Am J Emerg Med. 2005 May; 23(3):363–7.
One year to save the NHS—what would you do?
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2007)

BMA chairman James Johnson kicked off 2007 by predicting the NHS had one year to dig itself out of the financial hole in which it found itself wallowing after a decade of reforms and five years of “unprecedented funding.” <b>Zosia Kmietowicz</b> asks a selection of observers where they would start shovelling
Characterization of gut microbiomes in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients: A connection between endogenous alcohol and NASH
Authors: Lixin Zhu, Susan S. Baker, Chelsea Gill, Wensheng Liu, Razan Alkhouri, Robert D. Baker, Steven R. Gill
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a serious liver disease associated with obesity. Characterized by metabolic syndrome, hepatic steatosis, and liver inflammation, NASH is believed to be under the influence of the gut microflora. Here, the composition of gut bacterial communities of NASH, obese, and healthy children was determined by 16S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing. In addition, peripheral blood ethanol was analyzed to monitor endogenous ethanol production of patients and healthy controls. UniFrac-based principle coordinates analysis indicated that most of the microbiome samples clustered by disease status. Each group was associated with a unique pattern of enterotypes. Differences were abundant at phylum, family, and genus levels between healthy subjects and obese patients (with or without NASH), and relatively fewer differences were observed between obese and the NASH microbiomes. Among those taxa with greater than 1% representation in any of the disease groups, Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Escherichia were the only phylum, family and genus types exhibiting significant difference between obese and NASH microbiomes. Similar blood-ethanol concentrations were observed between healthy subjects and obese non-NASH patients, but NASH patients exhibited significantly elevated blood ethanol levels. Conclusions: The increased abundance of alcohol-producing bacteria in NASH microbiomes, elevated blood-ethanol concentration in NASH patients, and the well-established role of alcohol metabolism in oxidative stress and, consequently, liver inflammation suggest a role for alcohol-producing microbiota in the pathogenesis of NASH. We postulate that the distinct composition of the gut microbiome among NASH, obese, and healthy controls could offer a target for intervention or a marker for disease.
Chronic urological problems in neurological patients.
Authors: H S Wimalaratna, R Capildeo
Journal: BMJ (1986)

2 observations: des malades atteints de troubles neurologiques connus presentent des problemes urinaires (infection, incontinence, hematurie) qui sont d'abord attribues a tort a leur maladie neurologique. Il s'agit dans les 2 cas de lithiase urinaire demandant un traitement specifique
Hematology for Internists
Authors: Fred Rosner
Journal: JAMA (1972)

This book is based on the American College of Physicians' course in hematology for internists given at the University of Rochester. The book is somewhat disjointed because of the numerous contributors, 26 in all. The text is divided into four parts, dealing respectively with anemias, problems of hemostasis, myeloproliferative disorders, and disorders of the lymphatic system. In the section on anemias, there is no chapter on iron-deficiency anemia which is certainly the most common type of anemia and probably the most common disorder in the world. Yet there is a 15-page chapter on Heinzbody disorders, and a ten-page chapter on sideroblastic anemias, both relatively uncommon conditions. There is no section in the book on blood banking or irnmunohematology, although the brief chapter on transfusion therapy is very useful. Nor is there any section devoted to infectious mononucleosis. Although the chapter on diffuse intravascular coagulation is a little skimpy, the section
Rapid prenatal diagnosis of epidermolysis bullosa letalis using GB3 monoclonal antibody
Authors: A.H.M. HEAGERTY, R.A.J. EADY, A.R. KENNEDY, K.H. NICOLALADES, C.H. RODECK, B-L. HSI, J-P. ORTONNE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article Rapid prenatal diagnosis of epidermolysis bullosa letalis using GB3 monoclonal antibody Get access A.H.M. HEAGERTY, A.H.M. HEAGERTY Department of Electron Microscopy and Cell Pathology, The Institute of Dermatology, United Medical and Dental Schools, St. Thomas' Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.A.J. EADY, R.A.J. EADY Department of Electron Microscopy and Cell Pathology, The Institute of Dermatology, United Medical and Dental Schools, St. Thomas' Hospital, London Dr R.A.J. Eady, Institute of Dermatology, United Medical and Dental Schools, St. Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE17EH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.R. KENNEDY, A.R. KENNEDY Department of Electron Microscopy and Cell Pathology, The Institute of Dermatology, United Medical and Dental Schools, St. Thomas' Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar K.H. NICOLALADES, K.H. NICOLALADES Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.H. RODECK, C.H. RODECK Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B‐L. HSI, B‐L. HSI INSERM U 210, U.E.R. Médicine, Nice. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J‐P. ORTONNE J‐P. ORTONNE Service de Dermatologie, Höpital Pasteur, Nice, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 117, Issue 3, 1 September 1987, Pages 271–275, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb04132.x Published: 01 September 1987
The Pink Pontiac
Authors: J. Gregory Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1983)

I was late for office hours, and there he was again. Only this time, he was directly in front of me, creeping down the hospital driveway in his pink, 1959 Pontiac. The car's tail fins were huge and held the back-up lights high in their grasp. Each fin was crowned by two sharply pointed ridges. Massive chrome bumpers wrapped each end of the car, and chrome strips ran down each side. The chrome was in surprisingly good condition but the pink, lackluster body revealed the car's true vintage and spoke of years of service to the elderly owner. I had seen him entering or leaving the hospital every day for almost two weeks. He was a typical example of our elderly rural gentry, with skin as faded and pale as the paint on his car, stretched over the top of his skull and hanging transparent on his delicate frame. His
Pattern of collagen types and molecular structure of collagen in acute post-traumatic pulmonary fibrosis.
Authors: A G Nerlich, M L Nerlich, P K Muller
Journal: Thorax (1987)

Analyses of collagen types and their amino acid structures have been made with lungs obtained from eight patients who died from the adult respiratory distress syndrome after non-pulmonary trauma. Collagen in lungs from patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome was twice as soluble as that in control lungs (p less than 0.01). The proportion of type III collagen in the whole organ as well as in the pepsin solubilised fraction was slightly but significantly raised (net increase of about 5-10% type III collagen (p less than 0.05]. Both type I and type III collagen from the patients contained less hydroxylysine than collagen from control lungs. The alterations in tissue composition described here and observed in normal wound healing support the notion that acute post-traumatic pulmonary fibrosis resembles a wound healing process in the lungs.
Proadrenomedullin N-Terminal 20 Peptide Hyperpolarizes the Membrane by Activating an Inwardly Rectifying K<sup>+</sup>Current in Differentiated PC12 Cells
Authors: Koji Takano, Toshiro Fujita
Journal: Circulation Research (1999)

Abstract —The mechanism of proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP)–induced inhibition of catecholamine release from adrenergic nerve was investigated in nerve growth factor–treated PC12 cells that have differentiated characteristics somewhat similar to noradrenergic neurons. The effect of PAMP on the excitability of these cells was investigated with the use of perforated whole-cell clamp. PAMP hyperpolarized the membrane by increasing a K + conductance in a dose-dependent manner. The current-voltage relationship ( I -V) relationship of the PAMP-induced K + conductance exhibited inward-going rectification. The activation was abolished by microinjecting GDPβS into the cells or pretreating the cells with pertussis toxin. These results indicate that a pertussis toxin–sensitive G protein is involved in the signal transduction. The PAMP-induced activation of the K + conductance was attenuated by microinjecting antibody against the carboxyl terminus of Gα i3 , but it was not influenced by microinjecting antibody against the common carboxyl termini of Gα i1 and Gα i2 , which indicated that the G protein coupling the PAMP receptor to the inwardly rectifying K + current is Gα i3. The PAMP-induced hyperpolarization may inhibit the catecholamine release from the neurons by attenuating the action potential frequency.
Abstract 393: Clinical impact of pentraxin family expression on prognosis in pancreatic carcinoma.
Authors: Shunsuke Kondo, Hideki Ueno, Chigusa Morizane, Hiroko Hosoi, Fumiaki Koizumi, Kenji Tamura, Takuji Okusaka
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Inflammatory mediators may play decisive roles at different stages of tumor development. PTX3, a mediator that is a member of the pentraxin family, may be a biomarker for the early prognostic stratification of advanced pancreatic carcinoma patients. Methods: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and cellular migration assay were performed to determine PTX3 concentrations in pancreatic carcinoma cell lines (ASPC-1, BXPC-3, MIAPACA-2 and PANC-1) PTX3 levels and other inflammatory mediators (IL-1beta, IL-6, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL7, CXCL9, and MIF) were validated in a subgroup of pancreatic carcinoma patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis were performed to investigate the extent of PTX3 production in the cell lines and the differences in outcomes between patients with high and low levels of inflammatory mediators, who had been divided into high and low groups based on mean values. Results: In two cell lines (MIAPACA-2 and PANC-1), elevated PTX3 production was observed. A direct relationship was identified between migration activity and PTX3 level. In pancreatic carcinoma patients, median PFS was 76 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 43-109) in the PTX3high group and 150 days (95% CI, 131-197; P = 0.002) in the PTX3low group. Median OS was 117 days (95% CI, 82-152) in the PTX3high group and 357 days (95% CI, 239-475) in the PTX3low group (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Univariate and multivariate Cox model analysis of the pancreatic carcinoma clinical specimens revealed a strong correlation between pentraxin family member expression and PFS as well as OS. Examination of the relationship between PTX3 expression and the expression of other pro-inflammatory mediators indicated that PTX3 level is positively correlated with level of CRP, IL-6, and MIF. Conclusion: Thus, pentraxin family member, especially PTX3, is a promising biomarker for the prognosis of pancreatic carcinoma, and its expression can promote pancreatic carcinoma progression. Citation Format: Shunsuke Kondo, Hideki Ueno, Chigusa Morizane, Hiroko Hosoi, Fumiaki Koizumi, Kenji Tamura, Takuji Okusaka. Clinical impact of pentraxin family expression on prognosis in pancreatic carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 393. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-393
Increase in incidence of disease due to diagnostic drift: primary liver cancer in Denmark, 1943-85.
Authors: I B Anderson, T I Sorensen, A Prener
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To examine the extent to which changes in diagnostic methods and classification are responsible for the striking increase in incidence of primary liver cancer in Denmark since 1943. DESIGN--Analysis of the time trends in sex specific, age standardised incidence of primary liver cancer and unspecified liver cancer (either secondary without known primary cancer or not specified as primary cancer) in the entire population from 1943 to 1985. By review of the 727 notifications from three periods of 5 years (1948-52, 1963-7, and 1978-82) the changes in histological diagnosis and classification were assessed. SETTING--Denmark. SUBJECTS--Notifications of liver cancer to the Danish cancer registry. RESULTS--Concomitant with the increase in primary liver cancer, the incidence of the unspecified liver cancer declined. The proportion of histologically diagnosed primary liver cancer rose from 85% to 98%, whereas the proportion for unspecified liver cancer rose from 12% to 51%. When the proportion of primary versus unspecified liver cancer obtained by histological diagnosis was extrapolated to all cases, the annual incidence of primary liver cancer was 4.4 rather than 1.6 per 100,000 population in 1948-52 and 6.0 rather than 5.5 per 100,000 in 1978-82. CONCLUSION--The increase in the incidence of primary liver cancer may be much smaller than the numbers of registered cases indicate. This example emphasises the need to consider diagnostic drift in time trend studies of disease incidence.
Prostate Cancer Transmitted in an Orthotopic Heart Transplant
Authors: Roland M. Kohr
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Dr Loh and colleagues<sup>1</sup>addressed tumors arising after organ transplantation and the consequences of transplantation prior to a final diagnosis of the donor's cause of death. This article and the accompanying Editorial by Dr Gazdar<sup>2</sup>were of considerable interest based on a personal case with similar implications several years ago.<sup>3</sup>My experience caused me, as coroner, to require that all solid organ donors undergo a complete autopsy following harvest, a policy I still believe is appropriate. The case involved a 47-year-old man who presented with severe headache due to intracranial bleeding, which progressed to hemiparesis and coma. Family members decided to donate his kidneys and corneas for transplantation. Review of x-ray films during the preparation of the death note on the first postmortem day showed an osteolytic lesion of the fourth rib, which prompted an autopsy (initially refused by the next