tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medial Temporal Lobe Structures and Hippocampal Subfields in Psychotic Disorders
Authors: Ian Mathew, Tova M. Gardin, Neeraj Tandon, Shaun Eack, Alan N. Francis, Larry J. Seidman, Brett Clementz, Godfrey D. Pearlson, John A. Sweeney, Carol A. Tamminga, Matcheri S. Keshavan
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2014)

Structural alterations in the hippocampus and other medial temporal lobe regions have been observed in schizophrenia. How these alterations and hippocampal subfields might differ across the psychosis spectrum remains unclear.To characterize medial temporal lobe structures, including hippocampal subfields, using magnetic resonance imaging and to examine their relation to psychosis and cognitive function across the psychosis spectrum.Case-control, cross-sectional neuroimaging study in a large series of probands with psychotic disorders and healthy volunteers as part of the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network on Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP). Patients with psychotic disorders (schizophrenia, n = 219; schizoaffective disorder, n = 142; and psychotic bipolar disorder, n = 188) and healthy controls (n = 337) were recruited across ambulatory clinics at university health centers in the B-SNIP consortium.Medial temporal lobe and hippocampal subfields were quantified with an automated parcellation approach using FreeSurfer software. Memory and other cognitive parameters were assessed using standardized neuropsychological tests.Hippocampal volume reductions were seen in all 3 diagnostic groups when compared with healthy controls; alterations in the entorhinal cortex and parahippocampal regions were limited to schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders (P < .001). Smaller volumes across the hippocampal subfields were seen in all 3 psychotic disorders, with the most prominent differences being in cornu ammonis 2/3 (P < .001). Hippocampal volumes were positively correlated with psychosis severity, declarative memory, and overall cognitive performance (P < .05).Alterations in the hippocampus were evident across psychotic disorders. Hippocampal subfields that participate in memory-related processes supporting pattern separation and pattern completion might be abnormal and may underlie the pathophysiology of psychosis.
A module of negative feedback regulators defines growth factor signaling
Authors: Ido Amit, Ami Citri, Tal Shay, Yiling Lu, Menachem Katz, Fan Zhang, Gabi Tarcic, Doris Siwak, John Lahad, Jasmine Jacob-Hirsch, Ninette Amariglio, Nora Vaisman, Eran Segal, Gideon Rechavi, Uri Alon, Gordon B Mills, Eytan Domany, Yosef Yarden
Journal: Nature Genetics (2007)
Osteosarcoma Extraosseous Metastases Demonstrated on Bone Scans and Radiographs
Authors: CHARLES D. TEATES, ANNE C. BROWER, BRIAN R. J. WILLIAMSON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1977)

Four patients with non-pulmonary soft tissue metastases of osteosarcoma are presented. These lesions were readily demonstrated on 99mTc bone scans. Calcification was evident radiographically in all of the non-pulmonary lesions. In one instance, the recurrence would have been missed without the bone scan, and in another the bone scan first suggested the diagnosis. Bone scans have proven useful in the initial evaluation of osteosarcoma and in monitoring the results of therapy.
Thromboangiitis Obliterans
Authors: Edward Hamlin, Richard Warren, Harrison E. Kennard
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1949)

THROMBOANGIITIS obliterans is an uncommon disease. The diagnosis was made at the Massachusetts General Hospital in only 180 cases during the twenty-year period 1926–1945. It makes up for its infrequency, however, by its chronicity, the 180 patients having had a total of 780 different admissions, or an average of over 4 admissions per patient, each one of which averaged thirty-two days or a grand total of 24,960 patient days or sixty-eight-and-one-third patient years. Thus, the problem of therapy is of considerable importance both to the patient and on general economic grounds.The diagnosis of thromboangiitis obliterans at the Massachusetts General . . .
Terbutaline and Maternal Cardiac Function
Authors: James M. Wagner
Journal: JAMA (1981)

The effect of terbutaline sulfate on left ventricular size and performance was studied by M-mode echocardiography in pregnant women with premature labor. Patients with uterine activity initiated during either oxytocin challenge testing or induction of labor served as a comparison group. During terbutaline therapy, heart rate, ejection fraction, and cardiac output increased significantly. End-diastolic volume and systolic blood pressure (BP) were unchanged, and diastolic BP and end-systolic volume fell. No changes in echocardiographic or hemodynamic parameters were present during oxytocin-induced uterine activity. Terbutaline, as currently used to prevent premature labor, is a potent inotropic and chronotropic agent. Pulmonary edema accompanying terbutaline treatment is probably not due to cardiac failure. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:2697-2701)
Sleep Research and Clinical Practice
Authors: Frank R. Freemon
Journal: JAMA (1974)

This book contains three essays commissioned by the American College of Psychiatrists to introduce practicing psychiatrists to clinical sleep research. In the first essay Dement and Mitler define terminology and review recent studies of animal sleep. Williams and Karacan in the second chapter discuss a wide array of sleep-related symptoms and diseases including narcolepsy, cataplexy, nightmares, insomnia, snoring, sleepwalking, sleeptalking, depression, schizophrenia, hypothyroidism, uremia, asthma, and emphysema, as well as nocturnal seizures, tooth-grinding, angina, headache, dyspnea, and hemoglobinuria. Though each of these problems is only briefly considered, the broad scope of this essay written by psychiatrists for psychiatrists demonstrates how sleep research is helping to reintegrate psychiatry into general medicine. This chapter concludes with 220 references to the original literature.  In the final essay the Drs. Kales review their own experience with various sleep disorders with emphasis on insomnia. They find that most patients with chronic insomnia are depressed and
Racial and ethnic differences in health insurance coverage for adults with diabetes.
Authors: M I Harris
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the extent and types of health insurance coverage in a representative sample of adults with diabetes in the U.S. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey included national samples of non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican-Americans aged &amp;gt; or = 20 years. Information on medical history and treatment of diabetes was obtained to determine subjects who had been diagnosed with diabetes by a physician before the survey (n = 1,503) and subjects without diagnosed diabetes (n = 17,319). Information on health insurance coverage was obtained via a structured questionnaire for 96% of participants. RESULTS: A total of 93% of all adults with diabetes had some form of health insurance. Of these subjects, 73% had private insurance, 48% had Medicare coverage, 15% had Medicaid coverage, and 5% had Champus/Veterans Affairs coverage. Approximately 52% of adults with diabetes had multiple types of health insurance, and 54% had health care coverage through one or more government-sponsored programs. A greater proportion of non-Hispanic whites (91%) and non-Hispanic blacks (89%) than Mexican-Americans (66%) had health insurance among subjects aged 20-64 years. For those aged &amp;gt; or = 65 years, coverage was virtually 100% for all racial and ethnic groups. Non-Hispanic whites had the highest rate of coverage through private insurance (81%), with non-Hispanic blacks having an intermediate rate (56%) and Mexican-Americans having the lowest rate (45%). Rates of coverage were similar for adults with and without diabetes in each racial and ethnic group for any type of insurance and for private insurance. CONCLUSIONS: There are marked racial and ethnic differences in health insurance coverage for adults with diabetes, although these differences are similar to those for adults without diabetes. Whether these racial and ethnic disparities influence access to care, quality of care, or health outcomes for people with diabetes remains to be determined.
Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastric Lymphoma
Authors: Julie Parsonnet, Svein Hansen, Larissa Rodriguez, Arnold B. Gelb, Roger A. Warnke, Egil Jellum, Norman Orentreich, Joseph H. Vogelman, Gary D. Friedman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Helicobacter pylori infection is a risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma. We examined whether this infection is also a risk factor for primary gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.This nested case-control study involved two large cohorts (230,593 participants). Serum had been collected from cohort members and stored, and all subjects were followed for cancer. Thirty-three patients with gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were identified, and each was matched to four controls according to cohort, age, sex, and date of serum collection. For comparison, 31 patients with nongastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma from one of the cohorts were evaluated, each of whom had been previously matched to 2 controls. Pathological reports and specimens were reviewed to confirm the histologic type of the tumor. Serum samples from all subjects were tested for H. pylori IgG by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Thirty-three cases of gastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma occurred a median of 14 years after serum collection. Patients with gastric lymphoma were significantly more likely than matched controls to have evidence of previous H. pylori infection (matched odds ratio, 6.3; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.0 to 19.9). The results were similar in both cohorts. Among the 31 patients with nongastric lymphoma, a median of six years had elapsed between serum collection and the development of disease. No association was found between nongastric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and previous H. pylori infection (matched odds ratio, 1.2; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.5 to 3.0).Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma affecting the stomach, but not other sites, is associated with previous H. pylori infection. A causative role for the organism is plausible, but remains unproved.
Creatine kinase BB: A response marker in liver and other organs
Authors: Stephen D. H. Malnick, Daniel D. Bass, Alvin M. Kaye, Michel Vaubourdolle, Jacqueline Giboudeau, Olivier Chazouillères, Raoul Poupon
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

We were interested to see the recent paper by Vauboudolle et al. (11, which adds the liver to the growing list of organs in which creatine kinase-BB (CK-BB) has proved a useful response marker.CK-BB is the major component of the estrogeninduced protein in the rat uterus (2).The immature rat uterus responds to estrogen administration by increased synthesis of mRNA for CK-BB within 30 min (3).The response to estrogen is present within the entire female reproductive tract (4).CK-BB activity also increases in response to a variety of hormones and growth factors.These include estrogens (2-41, vitamin D metabolites, steroid hormones, parathyroid hormone, human growth hormone, prolactin luteinizing hormon+releasing hormone prostaglandm E, and dibutyryl CAMP (5).In the rat, growth hormone and glucocorticoids have been shown to have an additive effect that increases CK-BB activity in the liver (6).In addition, both rat hdney stimulated to undergo hypertrophy by unilateral nephrectomy and rat liver after partial hepatectomy show an increase in CK-BB activity (Somjen D, et al., Unpublished results, 1989).Vaubourdolle et al. ( 1) have shown that CK-BB is released from damaged sinusoidal cells after an ischemic insult.It would be very interesting to examine CK-BB activity in serum and in the liver for a longer period than 30 min after reperfusion.One might expect a subsequent increase in CK-BB activity.Interestingly, an increase in CK-BB activity has been shown in fetal rat kidney and cerebellum after ischemia (7).It is proposed that the CK response could serve as a metabolic marker €or ischemia, representing part of a compensatory mechanism to overcome the energetic gap after an ischemic insult.Furthermore, it is possible to examine noninvasively by magnetic resonance spectroscopy changes in the concentration of creatine phosphate and ATP, which reflect the CK activity (8).In summary, CK-BB may be stimulated by any agent or situation involving modulation of energy regeneration.We believe that CK-BB may serve as a response marker in liver as it already does for brain (9).
A Pound of Prevention: The Case for Universal Maternity Care in the U.S.
Authors: Lu Ann Aday
Journal: JAMA (1992)

A Pound of Prevention: The Case for Universal Maternity Care in the U.S. skillfully builds the conceptual and empirical foundation for a comprehensive, coordinated approach to providing and paying for maternity care in the United States.  The support for undertaking the preparation of the manuscript was provided by leadership within the Bureau of Maternal and Child Health, and the American Public Health Association ultimately assumed responsibility for its publication.  The book consists of a series of contributed chapters by experts in the field of maternal and child health. It provides a readable and up-to-date overview of the history and social context of maternal and child health programs and policies in the United States, the definitions and approaches to measuring the accessibility and effectiveness of maternity and infant care, data on the disturbing trends during the recent decade of decline in access to maternity and infant care and the resultant impact
Growth hormone, insulinlike growth factor-1, and insulinlike growth factor binding proteins 1 and 3 in chronic liver disease
Authors: Anthony Donaghy, Richard Ross, Alexander Gimson, Sian Cwyfan Hughes, Jeffrey Holly, Roger Williams
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The liver is the major source of circulating insulinlike growth factor-I (IGF-I) and has been suggested as a major source of at least two of the major binding proteins that modify its bioavailability. We aimed to assess the direct effects of liver dysfunction on serum levels of IGF-1 and its major binding proteins by measuring fasting levels of growth hormone, IGF-1, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-3, insulin, C peptide, and glucose in 35 patients with cirrhosis and during an oral glucose tolerance test in 16 of those patients. Serum levels of growth hormone (GH) were high in the patients: median, 12.0 mU/L (range, 1 to 87) compared with normals, 0.95 mU/L (0.1 to 20) (P < .0005) and serum IGF-1 levels were low: 81 ng/mL (38 to 153) versus 193 ng/mL (151 to 235) (P < .0001). Serum IGFBP-3 levels were low in the patients: 1.59 mg/L (0.46 to 4.43) compared with normals, 5.41 (4.34 to 6.11) (P < .0001), and there was a significant negative correlation between IGFBP-3 levels and Childs Pugh score (r = .63 P < .0001). Fasting IGFBP-1 levels were significantly higher in the patients 31 ng/mL (11 to 92) than normals, 14 (7 to 20) (P < .0001). There was no correlation between fasting insulin and IGFBP-1 levels despite high fasting insulin levels. A decrease in IGFBP-1 levels was seen during the glucose tolerance test (GTT) in all patients. In conclusion, there are significant changes in the levels of two of the major IGF-1 binding proteins that may further limit the bioavailability of already low circulating IGF-1 levels. Substrate availability appears to be a stronger influence on fasting IGFBP-1 levels than does insulin, and the close correlation of IGFBP-3 with liver function indicates a dominant regulatory role of the hepatocyte.
P33 Mask sampling in pulmonary tuberculosis: Abstract P33 Table 1.
Authors: CML Williams, P Haldar, MR Barer
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction and Objectives</h3> Although pulmonary tuberculosis (pTB) remains a major health burden worldwide relatively little is known about the formation of droplets and aerosols by these patients by that are considered to be the primary source of transmission. We have developed an approach based on wearing face masks. Our aim was to capture expectorated droplets and aerosols from patients with pTB in a convenient continuously wearable system and to quantify the retained <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis </i>(Mtb). <h3>Methods</h3> We designed a mask sampling system to be worn for one hour. A filter mounted in the mask was subjected to GeneXpert analysis (DNA based detection of Mtb and rifampicin resistance) and 16S rRNA analysis using in-house techniques. Where available, a concurrent sputum sample was also processed. <h3>Results</h3> Table 1 shows results from 10 patients including two negative controls and one extra-pulmonary TB case. Three of five pre-treatment pTB patients and one of two pTB patients at day 5 of treatment were filter GeneXpert positive. No Mtb was detected from our negative controls. In one case (patient 3) the mask was the only positive sample apart from a scanty smear. In background experiments we demonstrated a detection limit of 1200 CFU/filter. Preliminary studies on RNA analysis suggest that this may have advantages over DNA-based detection but these require confirmation. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The mask sampling system detected expectorated Mtb in just over half of the patients diagnosed to have pTB and all four of those that were sputum smear positive. Compatibility with the GeneXpert system makes the approach widely applicable. Further studies will be required before comparisons with the Cough Aerosol Sampling System and Guinea Pig sampling approach can be made. However, the mask sampling appears at least as sensitive as the former and the convenience and cost of the method recommend its potential for both diagnosis and research into TB transmission.
ALBUMINURIA IN DIABETES MELLITUS.ITS IMPORTANCE AS A FACTOR IN THE CAUSATION OF DIABETIC COMA.
Authors: ARTHUR R. ELLIOTT
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Among the secondary tissue degenerations which result from diabetes none is so frequent as lesional changes in the kidneys. No extensive autopsy reports are at hand to establish the relative frequency of renal changes in diabetes, but such as are forthcoming demonstrate in a striking manner the association. Thus out of Griesinger's 64 autopsies, renal alterations were found in 32. In the main, the changes were degenerative in character, either fatty or hyperplasic. Seegen found such changes in 20 out of 30 cases brought to autopsy, and Dickinson in 25 out of 27. No special form of renal defect in diabetes can as yet be looked on as typical, the changes being variable in kind and degree, although almost always present. The form which they assume will depend on the duration and intensity of the irritation, to which the renal gland structure is subjected. As the toxemia differs very greatly
Nephrolithiasis as a presenting feature of chronic sarcoidosis.
Authors: G Rizzato, P Fraioli, L Montemurro
Journal: Thorax (1995)

BACKGROUND--Renal calculi have been reported to occur in about 10% of patients with chronic sarcoidosis, but nephrolithiasis as a presentation of this disease has not been studied. METHODS--The charts of 618 patients with histologically proven sarcoidosis, seen in the period October 1978-1992, were reviewed in order to identify nephrolithiasis at presentation. RESULTS--Seventeen patients had renal calculi which preceded other manifestations of sarcoidosis. In six the occurrence of calculi suggested the diagnosis. Another eight patients had a previous history of recurrent colic with calculi. The time intervals between the first calculus and the appearance of other manifestations of sarcoidosis ranged from one to 25 years, but it was over four years in only two cases and all had at least one calculus in the year before the diagnosis was made. In the other three patients appearance of the calculus was distant in time and was probably unrelated to their sarcoidosis. In most cases the sarcoidosis was chronic and needed long term treatment with corticosteroids. Four patients had further calculi during follow up (one month to 16 years) due to an improper withdrawal of treatment decided by the patient in two cases, and to the reduction in the corticosteroid dose in the other two. CONCLUSIONS--Calculi were the presenting feature of sarcoidosis in six (1%) patients, and were the first manifestation of the disease in a total of 14 (2.2%). This frequency is over 20 times the likely incidence of calculi in the general population. Renal calculi may therefore be a rare primary manifestation of sarcoidosis. In such cases the disease is likely to be chronic and to require long term corticosteroid therapy. Sarcoidosis should always be suspected in cases of nephrolithiasis of unknown origin.
Abstract 4288: RASSF1C, unlike RASSF1A, reduces TNF-α induced phosphorylation of MST1/2.
Authors: Yousef G. Amaar, Matthew Firek, Mark E. Reeves
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction: Recently, RASSF1A has been shown to mediate the apoptotic effects of TNF-α by interacting with the mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 and 2 (MST1/2) through the Salvador/Rassf/Hippo (SARAH) domain leading to MST1/2 phosphorylation activation of apoptosis through the Hippo pathway. In contrast, we have previously shown that RASSF1C promotes cell proliferation and attenuates apoptosis in cancer cells. Since both RASSF1A and RASSF1C contain the SARAH domain located in their identical C-termini, RASSF1C should be capable of interacting with SARAH domain-containing proteins, and could potentially attenuate MST1/2-mediated apoptosis through the Hippo pathway. Thus, in this study we have investigated the impact of RASSF1C on MST1/2 activation/phosphorylation in presence of TNF-α, including whether RASSF1C modulates MST1/2 pro-apoptotic effects through the Hippo pathway differently from RASSF1A. Method: Breast and lung cancer cells over-expressing RASSF1A and RASSF1C were used in this study. Cells were cultured in the proper media and treated with TNF-α for 12-18 hr. Cells were collected and used for Western blot analysis utilizing antibodies that detect MST and p-MST antibodies. Results: Our preliminary data suggest that RASSF1C over-expression decreases the phosphorylation levels of MST1/2 in TNF-α-treated breast and lung cancer cells compared to those cells over-expressing RASSF1A Conclusion: Our findings suggest that over-expression of RASSF1C in breast and lung cancer cells may attenuate the MST1/2 apoptotic effects by sequestering of MST1/2 proteins and inhibiting their activation by phosphorylation. The findings also further support our hypothesis that RASSF1C attenuates apoptosis; and RASSF1C, unlike RASSF1A, may inhibit MST1/2 activation and hence may negatively modulate the Hippo pathway. Citation Format: Yousef G. Amaar, Matthew Firek, Mark E. Reeves. RASSF1C, unlike RASSF1A, reduces TNF-α induced phosphorylation of MST1/2. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4288. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4288
ADMINISTRATION OF FAT EMULSION BY MOUTH, GASTROSTOMY, AND JEJUNOSTOMY
Authors: Edward M. Goldberg
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Many patients who require surgery and have obstructing lesions of the mouth, esophagus, and stomach can consume only a liquid diet. These patients often enter a charity hospital weeks or months after the onset of symptoms. As a result, severe malnutrition is usually present, which greatly intensifies the risk of performing an extensive surgical procedure, such as esophagectomy or total gastrectomy. The restoration or maintenance of body weight, positive nitrogen balance, and an adequate caloric, mineral, and vitamin intake while restricted to a liquid diet has been achieved only with difficulty in the past. Recent work 1 has indicated that fat emulsions can be used as the major source of calories in a liquid diet. This study was undertaken to determine if a high caloric liquid feeding could be administered to such patients as a supplemental or complete feeding and if this would be accompanied by weight gain, restoration of