tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Implantation of Tissue Into the Brain
Authors: Thomas J. Gill
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The transplantation of neural tissue into the brain has the potential to repair the effects of trauma and of congenital abnormalities and to replace tissue that has ceased to function as the result of disease. The brain is not an immunologically privileged site in the strict sense; under certain carefully defined circumstances, grafts can last for long periods of time, but many such grafts are rejected naturally or following various types of provocation. Factors important to the survival of neural grafts are the use of embryonic tissue, the immunogenetic match, the level of expression of major histocompatibility complex antigens in brain cells close to the graft, and the presence of neural degeneration near the graft. Much additional basic experimental work must be done, however, before a rational approach to the clinical use of neural grafts can be undertaken.
Caspase-1-Independent, Fas/Fas Ligand–Mediated IL-18 Secretion from Macrophages Causes Acute Liver Injury in Mice
Authors: Hiroko Tsutsui, Nobuhiko Kayagaki, Keisuke Kuida, Hiroki Nakano, Nobuki Hayashi, Kiyoshi Takeda, Kiyoshi Matsui, Shin-Ichiro Kashiwamura, Toshikazu Hada, Shizuo Akira, Hideo Yagita, Haruki Okamura, Kenji Nakanishi
Journal: Immunity (1999)
A New Phlebovirus Associated with Severe Febrile Illness in Missouri
Authors: Laura K. McMullan, Scott M. Folk, Aubree J. Kelly, Adam MacNeil, Cynthia S. Goldsmith, Maureen G. Metcalfe, Brigid C. Batten, César G. Albariño, Sherif R. Zaki, Pierre E. Rollin, William L. Nicholson, Stuart T. Nichol
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Two men from northwestern Missouri independently presented to a medical facility with fever, fatigue, diarrhea, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia, and both had been bitten by ticks 5 to 7 days before the onset of illness. Ehrlichia chaffeensis was suspected as the causal agent but was not found on serologic analysis, polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) assay, or cell culture. Electron microscopy revealed viruses consistent with members of the Bunyaviridae family. Next-generation sequencing and phylogenetic analysis identified the viruses as novel members of the phlebovirus genus. Although Koch's postulates have not been completely fulfilled, we believe that this phlebovirus, which is novel in the Americas, is the cause of this clinical syndrome.
Kinetic Modeling–Based Detection of Genetic Signatures That Provide Chemoresistance via the E2F1-p73/DNp73-miR-205 Network
Authors: Julio Vera, Ulf Schmitz, Xin Lai, David Engelmann, Faiz M. Khan, Olaf Wolkenhauer, Brigitte M. Pützer
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Drug resistance is a major cause of deaths from cancer. E2F1 is a transcription factor involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis. and metastasis through an intricate regulatory network, which includes other transcription factors like p73 and cancer-related microRNAs like miR-205. To investigate the emergence of drug resistance, we developed a methodology that integrates experimental data with a network biology and kinetic modeling. Using a regulatory map developed to summarize knowledge on E2F1 and its interplay with p73/DNp73 and miR-205 in cancer drug responses, we derived a kinetic model that represents the network response to certain genotoxic and cytostatic anticancer drugs. By perturbing the model parameters, we simulated heterogeneous cell configurations referred to as in silico cell lines. These were used to detect genetic signatures characteristic for single or double drug resistance. We identified a signature composed of high E2F1 and low miR-205 expression that promotes resistance to genotoxic drugs. In this signature, downregulation of miR-205, can be mediated by an imbalance in the p73/DNp73 ratio or by dysregulation of other cancer-related regulators of miR-205 expression such as TGFβ-1 or TWIST1. In addition, we found that a genetic signature composed of high E2F1, low miR-205, and high ERBB3 can render tumor cells insensitive to both cytostatic and genotoxic drugs. Our model simulations also suggested that conventional genotoxic drug treatment favors selection of chemoresistant cells in genetically heterogeneous tumors, in a manner requiring dysregulation of incoherent feedforward loops that involve E2F1, p73/DNp73, and miR-205.
Baseline Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Major Cardiovascular Events: Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea Trial
Authors: Helmut Schröder, Jordi Salas-Salvadó, Miguel Angel Martínez-González, Montserrat Fíto, Dolores Corella, Ramón Estruch, Emilio Ros
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

In contrast, Wong et al, 3 evaluating national data from Australia, reported an increase in age-and sexadjusted incidence from 1993 to 2010 from 215 to 251 cases per 100 000 person-years.Our Medicare population differs significantly from the US community-based sample evaluated by Yeh et al 1 owing to higher proportions of older and female patients.Moreover, unlike other investigators studying Medicare patients (eg, Chen et al 4 and Wang et al 5 ), we determined the cumulative incidence of ACS, not just AMI, for nearly 2 decades.This study illustrates the disproportionate reduction in the incidence of unstable angina relative to AMI in the most recent decade.Our study is limited, however, by our use of administrative data, which are subject to appropriate coding, and our lack of clinical data.In conclusion, the declining incidence of ACS from 2002 to 2009 demonstrates that improvement in cardiovascular outcomes extends to Medicare beneficiaries, probably reflecting better implementation of preventive strategies.This parallels a simultaneous reduction in US mortality rates associated with cardiovascular and coronary heart disease. 6However, our findings indicate that the AMI incidence among Medicare patients is higher than community-based estimates and has declined only modestly in nearly 2 decades, deserving additional attention.Importantly, the trend of declining ACS incidence was driven primarily by a reduction in unstable angina diagnoses, probably reflecting more frequent diagnosis of AMI relative to unstable angina due to expanded use of more sensitive cardiac biomarkers and changing definitions of AMI.These observations have important clinical and economic implications for this vulnerable patient population.
A Dip in the Pool
Authors: John V. Jurica
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.  —As a member of the pediatric house staff, Dr Marion 1 was faced with a complex situation involving an impoverished 11-year-old girl, pregnant by her older, teenage brother. The issues raised by this situation include incest, teenage pregnancy, poverty, abortion, inadequate prenatal care, child abuse, and others. Dr Marion has approached these difficult and frustrating, yet all too common, problems in a compassionate manner. However, he appears to have made two errors that warrant comment.  First, he fails to recognize that for many patients abortion is not a morally acceptable solution to the problem he describes. Once that is made clear, it only angers and distances one's patient to continue to try to convince her to consider it. At that point, it is prudent to suggest other available options, such as adoption, and refer the patient to the appropriate agency.  Second, there is rarely any justification for
Panniculitis secondary to extravasation of clarithromycin in a patient with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (phenotype PiZ)
Authors: D.G. Parr, D.G. Stewart, I. Hero, R.A. Stockley
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Summary α1-Antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is known to be associated with panniculitis. Although reports of this association are rare, the true incidence may be unappreciated because of underdiagnosis of AATD. We report a case of panniculitis occurring in a 34-year-old woman with severe AATD following the extravasation of clarithromycin infused intravenously for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. Resolution occurred with conservative management. The histopathology and management of this unusual condition are discussed, with a review of the literature.
Oxygen Tensions in Normal and Ischemic Tissues During Hyperbaric Therapy
Authors: Norman B. Ackerman
Journal: JAMA (1966)

The maintenance of adequate tissue oxygenation becomes an overwhelming problem in the presence of certain disease and traumatic states. Various cardiovascular, pulmonary, bacterial, and toxic conditions imperil the normal flow of oxygen to the tissue and can threaten the survival of organ systems and life itself. In the presence of severe trauma with disruption of circulation, loss of life or limb may occur unless there is rapid restoration of tissue oxygenation. There has recently been considerable interest in the use of hyperbaric oxygen as a means of improving oxygen tensions in normal and diseased tissues. This present study was an attempt to quantitate changes in oxygen tensions during hyperbaric therapy in normal tissues and in tissues with an inadequate blood supply. It is our feeling that with basic, experimental studies of this type the uses and limitations of hyperbaric oxygen therapy will be better understood. <h3>Methods</h3> Studies were performed on
SYNTHESIS AND ASSEMBLY OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS BY MALIGNANT HUMAN PLASMACYTES AND LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: J. Buxbaum, Susan Zolla, M. D. Scharff, E. C. Franklin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

Bone marrow or lymph node cells from 10 patients whose sera contained large amounts of monoclonal IgM proteins were incubated with radioactive amino acids in short-term tissue culture. Samples of soluble cytoplasmic extracts and secreted material were examined by immunologic precipitation with specific antisera, acrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, and sucrose gradient centrifugation. In all samples studied, 8S IgM was the major intracellular precursor of the fully assembled 19S protein. Cells obtained from some patients contained little or no fully assembled 19S protein intracellularly; however, cells from most patients seemed to accumulate fully assembled 19S molecules intracellularly before secretion. Secreted material from both groups contained large amounts of 19S IgM. The differentiation between accumulating and nonaccumulating cells did not correlate with heavy or light chain antigenic type. Synthesis and assembly appeared to be identical in cells obtained from different anatomic sites in the same patient Studies carried out in one patient before and after therapy revealed no qualitative differences in the pathway of assembly and reflected only a decrease in the total number of immunoglobulin-producing cells.
Prevalence of Iron Deficiency in the United States
Authors: Anne C. Looker
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To determine the prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in the US population. <h3>Design.</h3> —Nationally representative cross-sectional health examination survey that included venous blood measurements of iron status. <h3>Main Outcome Measures.</h3> —lron deficiency, defined as having an abnormal value for at least 2 of 3 laboratory tests of iron status (erythrocyte protoporphyrin, transferrin saturation, or serum ferritin); and iron deficiency anemia, defined as iron deficiency plus low hemoglobin. <h3>Participants.</h3> —A total of 24 894 persons aged 1 year and older examined in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994). <h3>Results.</h3> —Nine percent of toddlers aged 1 to 2 years and 9% to 11% of adolescent girls and women of childbearing age were iron deficient; of these, iron deficiency anemia was found in 3% and 2% to 5%, respectively. These prevalences correspond to approximately 700000 toddlers and 7.8 million women with iron deficiency; of these, approximately 240 000 toddlers and 3.3 million women have iron deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency occurred in no more than 7% of older children or those older than 50 years, and in no more than 1% of teenage boys and young men. Among women of childbearing age, iron deficiency was more likely in those who are minority, low income, and multiparous. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —lron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia are still relatively common in toddlers, adolescent girls, and women of childbearing age.
724 APPLICABILITY OF BCLC STAGE FOR PROGNOSTIC STRATIFICATION IN COMPARISON WITH OTHER STAGING SYSTEMS; SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE FROM LONG-TERM OUTCOMES OF 1,717 TREATMENT-NAIVE PATIENTS WITH HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: B.K. Kim, S.U. Kim, J.Y. Park, D.Y. Kim, S.H. Ahn, K.-H. Han
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny and the reconstruction of the population history of a species: the case of the European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus)
Authors: A. Magoulas, N. Tsimenides, E. Zouros
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1996)

Analysis of mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism in European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) revealed a large number of mitotypes that form two distinct clusters (phylads). Phylad A consists of one common mitotype and many rare secondary mitotypes that are one mutational step removed from the main type. Nucleotide diversity and number of homoplasious changes are low. Phylad B has a complex pattern of mitotype connectedness, high nucleotide diversity, and a large number of homoplasious changes. It is suggested that the two phylads evolved in isolation from each other and that present coexistence is the result of a secondary contact. Moreover, phylad A has a "star" phylogeny, which suggests that it has evolved in a population that experienced a drastic bottleneck followed by an explosion of size. Phylad A is practically the only phylad present in the Black Sea, with its frequency dropping to 85% in the northern Aegean, and to 40% in the rest of Mediterranean and the Bay of Biscay. The Black Sea is, therefore, the most likely place of origin of phylad A. Molecular data are consistent with a population bottleneck in the Black Sea during the last glaciation event and a subsequent exit of phylad A with the outflow into the Aegean following the ice melting. Phylogenetic analysis of anchovy mtDNA provides a reconstruction of population history in the Mediterranean, which is consistent with the geological information.
Computerized axial tomography of the chest for visualization of "absent" pulmonary arteries.
Authors: H M Sondheimer, M Oliphant, B Schneider, R E Kavey, M S Blackman, F B Parker
Journal: Circulation (1982)

To expand the search for central pulmonary arteries in six patients with absence of cardiac-pulmonary continuity, computerized axial tomography (CAT) of the chest was performed. The CAT scans were compared with previous arteriograms and pulmonary vein wedge angiograms. Three patients with type IV truncus arteriosus were studied, and none had a central, right or left pulmonary artery on CAT scan. However, two patients with tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia and a patent ductus arteriosus to the right lung demonstrated the presence of a left pulmonary artery. In addition, one child with truncus arteriosus with "absent" left pulmonary artery demonstrated a left pulmonary artery on the CAT scan. The CAT scan may therefore enhance our ability to search for disconnected pulmonary arteries in children with complex cyanotic congenital heart disease.
Endoscopic features of short-term progression of esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis
Authors: J. Tsuboi, M. Tajika, T. Nakamura, H. Kawai, V. Bhatia, R. Takayama, J. Kitamura, Y. Yatabe, S. Hatooka, M. Shinoda, K. Yamao, Y. Ogura
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

A 58-year-old man presented with an 8-year history of intermittent dysphagia. There was no other relevant medical history. A barium esophagogram revealed a stenotic lesion in the middle and lower thoracic esophagus with multiple intramural tracks [1]. Endoscopic examination revealed an annular stricture of the esophagus extending from 27 cm to 40 cm from the incisors, as well as multiple small orifices ([Fig. 1]).
MPs seek to control medical genetics
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The British parliament's latest attempt to keep pace with advances in human genetics has led to a recommendation for a statutory commission with powers to regulate the medical uses of genetics. The proposal is contained in a report this week from the House of Commons Science and Technology Select Committee and pre-empts the more cautious government plan for a non-statutory advisory body.

An eight month inquiry by the select committee admits to being prompted by the public fascination for genetics and DNA as reflected in science programmes, block-buster movies, soap operas, and courtroom …
Circadian occurrence of symptomatic paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia in untreated patients.
Authors: J M Irwin, E A McCarthy, W E Wilkinson, E L Pritchett
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Fifty-two patients with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia were studied to determine whether there was a circadian pattern to the occurrence of this arrhythmia. Antiarrhythmic therapy was discontinued, and patients were followed until they had one recurrence of tachycardia documented by telephone transmission of the electrocardiogram. By least-squares analysis, the times of day that the 52 attacks (one from each patient) occurred were fit to a sinusoidal density function with a period of 24 hr. The highest relative incidence of tachycardia was at 4 P.M.; tachycardia was five times more likely to occur at 4 P.M. than at 4 A.M., the time of the lowest relative incidence. A second attack of tachycardia was recorded from 35 of the 52 patients. The times of the two attacks in individual patients were found to be independent; thus the times of day at which the second attacks occurred were used as a test set for the distribution estimated from the first. The empirical distribution for the times from the 35 second attacks was compared with the distribution function estimated from the 52 first attacks, and there was no significant departure; this finding confirmed the circadian pattern. Since the relative incidence of attacks of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia is higher in the afternoon, it may be helpful to target antiarrhythmic therapy to that time of day.
Inherited Tendency to Appendicitis.
Authors: W. H. DeWitt
Journal: JAMA (1901)

Cincinnati, Ohio, June 15, 1901. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In am trying to establish the fact, which I believe from my own personal observation to be true—see<i>Lancet-Clinic</i>, June 8— of an inherited tendency or predisposition to appendicitis. If the readers ofThe Journalwill kindly look into the family history of their cases and report to me, I will be under very many obligations. Respectfully, 61 Auburndale Place.
Trends in the Prescribing of Psychotropic Medications to Preschoolers
Authors: Julie Magno Zito, Daniel J. Safer, Susan dosReis, James F. Gardner, Myde Boles, Frances Lynch
Journal: JAMA (2000)

OF PSYCHOtropic medication treatment for children and adolescents with emotional and behavioral disorders has significantly increased in the United States during the last few decades, particularly in the last 15 years.Specifically, the 5-through 14-yearold age group has experienced a great increase in stimulant treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and the 15-through 19-yearold age group has had sizable increases in the use of antidepressant medications. 1,2pproved and unapproved indications for psychotropic medications in young children are not extensive.These include: short-term use of analgesics and sedatives/hypnotics for pain relief; hydroxyzine for situational anxiety associated with medical, presurgical, and dental procedures; tricyclic antidepressants for nocturnal enuresis (6-year-olds and older); and amphetamines for ADHD in those 3 years old and older. 3][6] Concern about this age group relates to off-label (unlabeled) use, ie, for treatment indications with little or no proven efficacy and lacking product package insert labeling information approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 7One psychiatric newsletter, citing FDA-compiled marketing data, reported that 3000 prescriptions for fluoxetine hydrochloride were written for children aged younger than 1 year in 1994. 8In a 1998 professional meeting report, 5 pediat-ric researchers noted that 57% of 223 Michigan Medicaid enrollees aged younger than 4 years with a diagnosis
DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF INHIBITORS ON THE STEPS LEADING TO THE FORMATION OF SV40 TUMOR AND VIRUS ANTIGENS
Authors: F. Rapp, J. S. Butel, L. A. Feldman, T. Kitahara, J. L. Melnick
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

The effect of DNA antagonists and various antibiotics on steps in the synthesis of SV40 virus in green monkey kidney cells was investigated. Both the early forming tumor (T) antigen, as well as the later synthesized virus (V) antigen, were synthesized in the presence of fluorouracil and iododeoxyuridine. Cytosine arabinoside (and fluorodeoxyuridine in starved cells) prevented synthesis of V antigen but not T antigen. The synthesis of T antigen therefore does not require synthesis of virus DNA. Virus particles formed only in the presence of the iododeoxyuridine and they were non-infectious. Actinomycin D inhibited synthesis of both tumor and virus antigens, suggesting that the synthesis of these antigens involves DNA-dependent RNA. Puromycin allowed synthesis of the T antigen which remained localized at the nucleolar membrane. This finding with puromycin suggests that the T antigen is a protein of low molecular weight. Virus antigen forming in the presence of mitomycin C, p-fluorophenylalanine, iododeoxyuridine, or fluorouracil was distributed atypically. These inhibitors caused the V antigen to be diffusely spread throughout the nucleus, or to be concentrated at the nuclear membrane.
Clindamycin for Staphylococcal Skin Infections in AIDS
Authors: Kenneth V. I. Rolston
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> In the article published in JAMA entitled "Prevention of Recurrent Staphylococcal Skin Infections With Low-Dose Oral Clindamycin Therapy," Drs Klempner and Styrt<sup>1</sup>demonstrated the usefulness of clindamycin for this indication in patients without neutropenia or neutrophil dysfunction. Patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) frequently have staphylococcal skin infections even in the absence of vascular access devices or intravenous drug abuse.<sup>2</sup>We have used clindamycin for initial and maintenance therapy for cerebral toxoplasmosis in patients with AIDS.<sup>3</sup>The data presented by Drs Klempner and Styrt prompted us to review the records of these patients, with reference to staphylococcal infections, while they were receiving clindamycin therapy. <h3>Study.—</h3> Eight patients with AIDS received 6 to 8 weeks of daily therapy with oral clindamycin for cerebral toxoplasmosis. Four of these patients went on to receive maintenance therapy two or three times a week for at least
Objective test for food sensitivity in asthmatic children: increased bronchial reactivity after cola drinks.
Authors: N Wilson, H Vickers, G Taylor, M silverman
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Ten asthmatic children with a history of cough and wheeze after drinking a cola drink performed histamine inhalation tests before and 30 minutes after a drink of Pepsi-Cola, soda water, and water on three separate study days. There was no significant change in baseline peak expiratory flow after any of the three drinks. Sensitivity to histamine was increased after the cola drink (p less than 0.005) but was not significantly different after soda water or water. The detection of change in sensitivity to histamine appears to be a simple and effective method of testing for food sensitivity in asthma.