tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adriamycin-lnduced Recall Phenomenon 15 Years After Radiotherapy
Authors: Jonathan Burdon
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Recall of a quiescent radiation reaction by subsequent administration of a chemotherapeutic agent was first described with dactinomycin (actinomycin D).<sup>1</sup>Similar reactions have occurred with doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin).<sup>2</sup>We report a case in which there was a 15-year interval between radiation therapy and exposure to the recall drug, doxorubicin. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 65-year-old man had prior radiation (3,235 rads) 15 years previously for localized reticulum cell sarcoma of the palate. At bronchoscopy, a fungating small cell carcinoma obstructed the left lower lobe bronchus. Metastases were demonstrated in bone and liver. Treatment was with doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine sulfate, and high-dose methotrexate with folinic acid rescue.<sup>3</sup>Two weeks later he had extensive ulcerative stomatitis in the previously irradiated areas (Figure). Monilial superinfection, confirmed on throat swab, was treated with topical amphotericin B and nystatin. Cytotoxic drugs were withheld. The florid stomatitis slowly resolved over
Principles of Head and Neck Surgery
Authors: Edward L. Felix
Journal: JAMA (1980)

ABSTRACT Head and neck surgery is a well-defined discipline studied by general surgeons, otolaryngologists, plastic surgeons, and surgical oncologists, but there are few books designed to teach the basic principles of this discipline. One of these books appeared 13 years ago, Freund's Principles of Head and Neck Surgery. The author has now completely revised and updated the text in this second edition to incorporate new ideas and approaches to head and neck operations.The book's 12 chapters include the topics of diagnosis and methods of examination, behavior of head and neck tumors, technique of radical neck dissection, postoperative care, and reconstruction and rehabilitation. In addition, individual chapters are devoted to the oral cavity, larynx, salivary glands, thyroid, and maxilla.The highlight of the book is chapter four, a description of the technique of performing a radical neck dissection. It is one of the most detailed and well illustrated approaches in this
John Edward Hornett
Authors: G L Kennedy
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former general practitioner Wisbech, Cambridgeshire (b Hambledon, Surrey, 1933; q Queen's University, Belfast, 1966), died from lung cancer on 1 May 2003.​2003.




Figure 1




He was a late entrant to medicine, having first worked as a lab technician in Tredegar and having done national service in the Royal Air Force. After house jobs in Belfast and vocational training in Gloucester, he entered general practice in Great Bookham, Surrey, where he was police surgeon. He joined our partnership in Wisbech, Cambridgeshire, in 1972. He had a keen interest in geriatrics and was a practitioner in care of the elderly at the North Cambridgeshire Hospital, Wisbech. He leaves a wife, Joan, and three children.
Eating Fish: Health Benefits and Risks
Authors: Janet M. Torpy, Cassio Lynm, Richard M. Glass
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Eating Fish: Health Benefits and Risks T he foods we eat influence our health.Besides containing protein and other nutrients such as vitamin D and selenium, fish (either finfish or shellfish) contain a specific type of fat, omega-3 fatty acids, that may reduce the risk of developing heart disease and other medical problems.However, fish may also contain mercury and other contaminants that may have risks for health.The October 18, 2006, issue of JAMA includes an article about the health benefits and risks of eating fish.
Case of Malignant Cholera in which Thirty-two Grains of Chloral-Hydrate were Hypodermically Injected: Recovery
Authors: A. R. Hall
Journal: BMJ (1878)

THE BARI7SH MEDICAL 7?NAL 435 than Axenstein, and directed north-est, it must be cooler than either Axenstein or Axenfels, and is suited for a residence when these hotels become too warm.The season is said to begin the ist or x5th of June.I was so much pleased with this house, that I mentally resolved to make it my head-quarters if ever I spend the month of June on the Lake of Lucerne.It is but little known to the English.and is princi- pally frequented by first-class Germans.The station is Stanystad, on the right arm of the lake, fifty minutes from Lucerne.The Kurhaus Sonnerberg, at Seelisberg (2,772 feet), is just opposite Brunnen and Axenstein, nearly five hundred feet higher, and directed due north, with a higher shading mountain to the north.Conse- quently, it is much cooler, as I myself perceived, for I descended from one and ascended to the other the same day.It is also about two hours by steamer from Lucerne, the road winding up through pastures and beech and pine forests from the landing-place, Troile, where car- riages are always waiting.The Sonnenberg Hotel is a little town, with three hundred beds, large reception and dining-rooms, music three times a day, and a village of accessories and outlying works It is full of life, bustle, and animation, which suits many even in a mountain sanitarium.I presume that, in a climatic sense, it is pretty much in the same condition as Burgenstock, except that it is sheltered on the south-west side by high mountains (Seelisberg, 6,316 feet), and is not, consequently, so much exposed to wind.Engelberg (3,314 feet) is at the head of a valley-that of Engel- berger Aa-which opens out at Stanz, whence starts also the road to Burgenstock, and is thirteen miles from Stanz.For the first nine miles, the rise is all but imperceptible, and the valley wide and fertile.The last six miles are through a romantic beech and fir-clad Alpine gorge, which opens out into the Engelberg valley proper, an amphi- theatre of grass and fir-forest, backed by the Titlis mountain (IO,515 feet).The glaciers of the latter descend into the amphitheatre, and are within an hour or two's walk of the Sonnenberg hotel.This hotel is a large, commodious, well appointed, well kept, and reason- able house, with above two hundred beds.Being 3,314 feet high and in proximity to the extensive glaciers of the Titlis, the climate is cooler than that of the stations on the lake already described.I was told that the nights are always cool and pleasant; but still the midday heat must be considerable even at this elevation in hot weather in July and August.I have always found it so at this height in Switzerland.At Grindelwald, where I am now writing, at an elevation of 3,418 feet, the thermometer is at midday 76 deg. in my shaded room, with glaciers all round in front of my windows, within a rise of 200 feet ; whilst out-of-doors it is insufferably hot even on the glaciers, I am told
We need more data before rejecting the saturated fat hypothesis
Authors: P. Clifton
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>Objective</h3> The risk associated with a family history of non-advanced adenoma (non-AA) is unknown. We determined the prevalence of colorectal neoplasms in subjects who have a first-degree relative (FDR) with non-AA compared with subjects who do not have an FDR with adenomas. <h3>Design</h3> In a blinded, cross-sectional study, consecutive subjects with newly diagnosed non-AA were identified from our colonoscopy database. 414 FDRs of subjects with non-AA (known as exposed FDRs; mean age 55.0±8.1 years) and 414 age and sex-matched FDRs of subjects with normal findings from colonoscopy (known as unexposed FDRs; mean age 55.2±7.8 years) underwent a colonoscopy from November 2015 to June 2018. One FDR per family was recruited. FDRs with a family history of colorectal cancer were excluded. The primary outcome was prevalence of advanced adenoma (AA). Secondary outcomes included prevalence of all adenomas and cancer. <h3>Results</h3> The prevalence of AA was 3.9% in exposed FDRs and 2.4% in unexposed FDRs (matched OR (mOR)=1.67; 95% CI 0.72 to 3.91; p=0.238 adjusted for proband sex and proband age). Exposed FDRs had a higher prevalence of any adenomas (29.2% vs 18.6%; mOR=1.87; 95% CI 1.32 to 2.66; p&lt;0.001) and non-AA (25.4% vs 16.2%; mOR=1.91; 95% CI 1.32 to 2.76; p=0.001). A higher proportion of exposed FDRs than unexposed FDRs (4.3% vs 2.2%; adjusted mOR=2.44; 95% CI 1.01 to 5.86; p=0.047) had multiple adenomas. No cancer was detected in both groups. <h3>Conclusion</h3> A positive family history of non-AA does not significantly increase the risk of clinically important colorectal neoplasia. The data support current guidelines which do not advocate earlier screening in individuals with a family history of non-AA. <h3>Trial registration number</h3> NCT0252172.
Health Impacts of Estrogens in the Environment, Considering Complex Mixture Effects
Authors: Amy L. Filby, Teresa Neuparth, Karen L. Thorpe, Richard Owen, Tamara S. Galloway, Charles R. Tyler
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Environmental estrogens in wastewater treatment work (WwTW) effluents are well established as the principal cause of reproductive disruption in wild fish populations, but their possible role in the wider health effects of effluents has not been established.We assessed the contribution of estrogens to adverse health effects induced in a model fish species by exposure to WwTW effluents and compared effects of an estrogen alone and as part of a complex mixture (i.e., spiked into effluent).Growth, genotoxic, immunotoxic, metabolic, and endocrine (feminized) responses were compared in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed for 21 days to a potent estrogenic effluent, a weakly estrogenic effluent before and after spiking with a steroidal estrogen [17 alpha-ethinyl-estradiol (EE2)], and to EE2 alone.In addition to endocrine disruption, effluent exposure induced genotoxic damage, modulated immune function, and altered metabolism; many of these effects were elicited in a sex-specific manner and were proportional to the estrogenic potencies of the effluents. A key finding was that some of the responses to EE2 were modified when it was present in a complex mixture (i.e., spiked into effluent), suggesting that mixture effects may not be easily modeled for effluent discharges or when the chemicals impact on a diverse array of biological axes.These data reveal a clear link between estrogens present in effluents and diverse, adverse, and sex-related health impacts. Our findings also highlight the need for an improved understanding of interactive effects of chemical toxicants on biological systems for understanding health effects of environmental mixtures.
Somatization and Medicalization
Authors: Roderic H. Fabian, Hans A. Langsjoen, Thomas A. Kent
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —The article by Drs Barsky and Borus 1 on  was timely, but certain issues need discussion. First, the authors overrate the role of psychiatrists in treating somatization. They cite Smith et al, 2,3 who show that a psychiatric consult intervention of a specific type is helpful in reducing health care costs among patients with  syndrome or  disorder, but then Barsky and Borus recommend a psychiatric management approach opposite to that of Smith et al in asserting that patients should be taught about the process of somatization and that cognitive and behavioral therapy should be used. Although the recommendations of Barsky and Borus are based in part on speculation that  fosters somatization, there is no evidence that medicalization causes or reinforces  or contributes significantly to health care costs. The cause of  is, in fact, not known. In the studies by Smith et
The Revolution in Clinical Immunology
Authors: Anthony S. Fauci
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Advances in Immunology  JAMA:  In your opinion, what have been some of the major recent advances in immunology?  Fauci:  There have been a number of extremely exciting advances in the area of immunology during the past few years that surely will have relevance in clinical medicine [Table]. Three of the most important are (1) molecular genetic approaches to immunologic reactivity; (2) hybridization of immunocompetent cells; and (3) delineation of the regulatory mechanisms of the immune response.  Molecular Genetic Approaches to Immunologic Reactivity  This is an extremely complex and sophisticated area of research whereby scientists have been able to isolate and determine the DNA sequences of various genes involved in coding for critical immune functions. For example, sequencing of the genes that code for the heavy and light chains of immunoglobulin molecules has led to exciting realizations of how the genes lead to immunoglobulin production through physical rearrangements of the DNA.
797-4 Comparative Effects of Heparin, Aspirin, and Hirudin on Thrombus Growth on Fresh Mural Thrombus: Deaggregation of Mural Thrombus by Specific Thrombin Inhibition
Authors: Beat J. Meyer, Juan J. Badimon, John T. Fallon, Valentin Fuster, James H. Chesebro, Lina Badimon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Fundamentals of Acid-Base Regulation
Authors: A. Baird Hastings
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Dr. James R. Robinson, a physiologist at the University of Otago Medical School in New Zealand, has written a small book entitled,Fundamentals of Acid-Base Regulation, the purpose of which  to help the preclinical student and the interested clinician. It should do just that. The author has 2 primary objectives: (1) to describe the constituents of body fluids which contribute to their acid-base balance in terms of current chemical definitions (the so-called Bronsted concept), and (2) to describe the roles of the lungs, the kidneys, and the body's buffer systems in regulating this acid-base balance.  Without attempting to be an exhaustive treatment of the subject, the author has achieved his objectives very satisfactorily. For those who wish to delve more deeply into the problem, a selected and representative bibliography is included. One might have wished that wider use had been made of graphical representations of specific data in many
Abstract 2399: The analytic performance of a TaqMelt PCR assay for the detection of <i>KRAS</i> mutations in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPET) samples of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC).
Authors: Sung C. Lee, Jianli Cao, Kiran Adhikary, Lilia Corona, Nitta Lee, Jingchuan Li, Theresa May, Yiqiao Wu, Victoria Brophy
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Mutations in the Kras gene that lead to its constitutive activation are quite common in many tumor types including NSCLC. We describe the analytic performance of a TaqMelt PCR assay (cobas® KRAS Mutation Test) that detects 19 mutations in codons 12, 13 and 61 which generates test results within 8 hours. Using a panel of DNA blends from 18 FFPET samples of NSCLC, tested at 4 genomic DNA input levels, the correct mutation call was observed at 5% mutant alleles from the prescribed 50 ng of gDNA/PCR down to 12.5 ng of gDNA/PCR. A separate panel of 194 FFPET samples of NSCLC was tested with the PCR test and compared to Sanger sequencing. There were 15 discordant samples, 9 PCR (+), Sanger (-) and 6 PCR (-), Sanger (+) samples, that were further analyzed using a quantitative 454 sequencing method. All Sanger discordant samples except 1 PCR (+), Sanger (-) sample yielded 454 results that agreed with the PCR result. The PPA, NPA, and overall agreement with sequencing (Sanger resolved by 454) are 100.0%, 98.9% and 99.5%, respectively. Sanger/454 Sequencing MUT WT Total MUT 99 1 100 cobas® KRAS Mutation Test WT 0 94 94 Total 99 95 194* *Includes 1 result for double mutations by Sanger and excludes 1 invalid result by PCR The same panel of 194 specimens tested with another lot of the PCR test gave similar performance. When a panel of 8 FFPET samples of NSCLC (including 3 near the limit of analytical sensitivity) was repeatedly tested by 2 operators, using multiple instruments and reagent lots, a correct result was observed for 100% of tests. PCR test results were not affected by repeated freezing and thawing of the DNA sample or test reagents, or by addition of hemoglobin or triglycerides. These studies show that this PCR test is a robust and reproducible assay that 1) detects 19 mutations in codons 12, 13 and 61, 2) requires a small amount of DNA (which can generally be obtained from 1x5 μm section), and 3) is more sensitive and specific than Sanger sequencing. Citation Format: Sung C. Lee, Jianli Cao, Kiran Adhikary, Lilia Corona, Nitta Lee, Jingchuan Li, Theresa May, Yiqiao Wu, Victoria Brophy. The analytic performance of a TaqMelt PCR assay for the detection of KRAS mutations in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPET) samples of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2399. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2399
Remarks on the Treatment of Tetanus, with a Report of a Case of Cephalic Tetanus Treated by Injections of Antitoxic Serum
Authors: E. F. Trevelyan
Journal: BMJ (1896)

CEPHALIC tetanus is a sufficiently rare disease to make the following case of some interest.It was treated, though un- fortunately without success, by desiccated serum most kindly sent to me by M. Roux, of the Pasteur Institute.Recently two cases of this disease have been reported by Caretti,1 and
Biliary excretion of sulfobromophthalein compounds in normal and mutant corriedale sheep. Evidence for a disproportionate transport defect for conjugated sulfobromophthalein
Authors: James L. Barnhart, Ronald R. Gronwall, Burton Combes
Journal: Hepatology (1981)

Biliary excretion of dye was evaluated in three normal and one mutant Corriedale sheep (characterized by depressed biliary transport of many organic anions) during infusion of unconjugated sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and its preformed glutathione conjugate (BSP-GSH). Maximal dye excretion rates in bile in normal sheep were higher when BSP-GSH rather than BSP was administered. In confirmation of earlier studies, dye excretion in bile was markedly depressed in the mutant animal. However, movement of unconjugated BSP from liver cells into bile remained relatively intact whereas transport of conjugated BSP compounds was virtually absent. Preservation of unconjugated dye entry into bile suggests the presence of a transport mechanism for unconjugated BSP which is preserved in mutant sheep and is distinct from that involved in BSP-GSH excretory transport. Renal clearance of conjugated BSP compounds was greater than of unconjugated BSP and clearance values were comparable in the normal and mutant sheep. Thus, no excretory defect comparable to that present in liver was identifiable in the kidney.
Ethanol, the Liver, and the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: MICHAEL C. GEOKAS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Ethanol is easily absorbed from the intestine and diffuses quickly throughout body water. The bulk of ethanol is metabolized in the liver, where alcohol dehydrogenase, a complex mixture of isoenzymes, oxidizes ethanol to acetaldehyde. Ethanol abuse produces functional and structural changes in the gastrointestinal tract, such as in the stomach, small intestine, liver, and pancreas. Accumulating evidence suggests direct toxicity of ethanol and possibly of acetaldehyde. Fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, acute and chronic gastritis, deranged structure and function of the small intestine, acute and chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatic lithiasis are some of the sequelae of ethanol abuse. Recent investigations have enhanced our understanding of the functional and structural changes of the gastrointestinal tract produced by the abuse of ethanol.
942 A NEW RODENT MODEL REPRODUCES NASH WITH CIRRHOSIS, OVAL CELL PROLIFERATION AND HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC)
Authors: V.M. Lima, S.H. Caldwell, C.P. Oliveira, M.C. Chammas, G.G. Cerri, R.C. Harmon, V.A. Alvez
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Sympathoadrenal inhibition by atrial natriuretic peptide is not attenuated during development of congestive heart failure in dogs.
Authors: J Holtz, T Münzel, O Sommer, E Bassenge
Journal: Circulation (1989)

The feedback control of neuroendocrine activity by cardiopulmonary blood volume is disturbed in congestive heart failure. By analyzing plasma catecholamine kinetics, we tested in 11 chronically instrumented conscious dogs whether attenuations in the sympathoadrenal inhibition induced by atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) contributed to this disturbance. Low-output failure was brought about by continuous ventricular pacing at 265 beats/min for 2 weeks. This resulted in a decline in aortic flow by 37 +/- 5% (SEM), an increase in peripheral vascular resistance by 48 +/- 4%, a 13 +/- 3-fold elevation in plasma ANP, a 9 +/- 3-fold elevation in plasma renin activity, and an augmentation of the norepinephrine-release rate into plasma by 132 +/- 17%. During ANP infusion, the epinephrine-release rate declined by 26 +/- 5% per 10-fold elevation in plasma ANP before pacing and by 31 +/- 7% (not significantly different) after 2 weeks of pacing. Before pacing, ANP attenuated plasma renin activity and caused hypotension without a rise in norepinephrine-release rate. After 2 weeks of pacing, ANP lowered norepinephrine release (by 16 +/- 6%) without affecting blood pressure or plasma renin activity, and vascular nonresponsiveness to ANP was verified under autonomic blockade. These data indicate that, during the development of heart failure, an inhibitory action of ANP on norepinephrine release is unmasked by an ANP-specific vascular desensitization, whereas the inhibition of epinephrine release is observed throughout. It is concluded that ANP-induced sympathoadrenal inhibition is not attenuated and, therefore, does not contribute to the disturbed regulation observed early in the development of failure.
Age- and Sex-Related Differences in Clinical Manifestations in Patients With Congenital Long-QT Syndrome
Authors: Emanuela H. Locati, Wojciech Zareba, Arthur J. Moss, Peter J. Schwartz, G. Michael Vincent, Michael H. Lehmann, Jeffrey A. Towbin, Silvia G. Priori, Carlo Napolitano, Jennifer L. Robinson, Mark Andrews, Katherine Timothy, W. Jackson Hall
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —Unexplained female predominance is observed in long-QT syndrome (LQTS), a congenital autosomal disorder with prolonged repolarization and syncope or sudden death due to ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Our objectives were to evaluate age- and sex-related differences in events among LQTS patients referred to the LQTS International Registry. Methods and Results —Age- and sex-related occurrence of events was analyzed in 479 probands (70% females) and 1041 affected family members (QT c &gt;440 ms, 58% females). LQTS-gene mutations were identified in 162 patients: 69 LQT1 carriers ( KVLQT1 on 11p15.5), 62 LQT2 carriers ( HERG on 7q35-36), and 31 LQT3 carriers ( SCN5A on 3p21-24). Females predominated among 366 probands (71% females) and 230 symptomatic family members (62% females). Male probands were younger than females at first event (8±7 versus 14±10 years, P &lt;0.0001) and had higher event rates by age 15 years than females (74% versus 51%, P &lt;0.0001). Affected family members had similar findings. By Cox analysis adjusting for QT c duration, the hazard ratio for female probands of experiencing events by age 15 years was 0.48 ( P &lt;0.001), and it was 1.87 ( P =0.09) by age 15 to 40 years. In female family members, the hazard ratio was 0.58 ( P &lt;0.001) by age 15 years, and it was 3.25 ( P &lt;0.001) by age 15 to 40 years. The event rate was higher in male than female LQT1 carriers (69% versus 32%, P =0.001). No age-sex difference in event rate was detected in LQT2 and LQT3 carriers. Conclusions —Among LQTS patients, the risk of cardiac events was higher in males until puberty and higher in females during adulthood. The same pattern was evident among LQT1 gene carriers. Unknown sex factors modulate QT duration and arrhythmic events, with preliminary evidence of gene-specific differences in age-sex modulation.