tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The mechanism of tolerance induction in thymus-derived lymphocytes; I. intracellular inactivation of hapten-reactive helper T lymphocytes by hapten-nonimmunogenic copolymer of D-amino acids.
Authors: T Hamaoka, U Yamaskita, T Takami, M Kitagawa
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1975)

Treatment of a p-azobenzoate (PAB) derivative of a copolymer of D-glutamic acid and D-lysine (D-GL) induced a profound state of unresponsiveness to PAB-reactive helper T lymphocytes generated in PAB-mouse gamma globulin (MGG)-primed mice. This unresponsiveness in T lymphocytes was specific for PAB-reactive cells, since the bacterial alpha-amylase-, keyhole limpet hemocyanin-, or ovalbumin-primed helper T lymphocytes were not suppressed by PAB-D-GL treatment. Taking advantage of the relative ease with which PAB-D-GL can induce specific unresponsiveness to helper T lymphocytes in an animal previously primed with PAB-MGG, it was possible to approach certain questions concerning the mechanisms of tolerance-induction and the fate of tolerant helper T lymphocytes in the PAB-D-GL model by utilizing a classical adoptive cell transfer systemmelimination of the possibility of carry-over of the tolerogen with cells or of the generation of suppressor cells as the result of PAB-D-GL treatment as an explanation of the suppression of helper T-cell activity strongly inplicates the existence of a central intracellular mechanism of specific tolerance on the helper T-cell level. The possibility that suppression of the activity of PAB-reactive helper T lymphocytes by PAB-D-GL reflects simple blocking of surface receptor molecules on T lymphocytes was ruled out as it was found that the helper activity of PAB-reactive cells was minimally suppressed even when PAB-D-GL was directly exposed in vitro to helper T lymphocytesmmoreover, the most conclusive evidence on te the tolerant state induced by in vivo exposure of primed T cells to PAB-D-GL. It appears, therefore, that specific tolerance induced by PAB-D-GL' TO PAB-reactive helper T lymphocytes is an example of irreversible inhibition of T-cell reactivity to antigen, reflecting yet to be determined events at the intra- and subcellular levels.
Prospective Analysis of Parametric Response Map–Derived MRI Biomarkers: Identification of Early and Distinct Glioma Response Patterns Not Predicted by Standard Radiographic Assessment
Authors: Craig J. Galbán, Thomas L. Chenevert, Charles R. Meyer, Christina Tsien, Theodore S. Lawrence, Daniel A. Hamstra, Larry Junck, Pia C. Sundgren, Timothy D. Johnson, Stefanie Galbán, Judith S. Sebolt-Leopold, Alnawaz Rehemtulla, Brian D. Ross
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: Currently, radiologic response of brain tumors is assessed according to the Macdonald criteria 10 weeks from the start of therapy. There exists a critical need to identify nonresponding patients early in the course of their therapy for consideration of alternative treatment strategies. Our study assessed the effectiveness of the parametric response map (PRM) imaging biomarker to provide for an earlier measure of patient survival prediction. Experimental Design: Forty-five high-grade glioma patients received concurrent chemoradiation. Quantitative MRI including apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) maps were acquired pretreatment and 3 weeks midtreatment on a prospective institutional-approved study. PRM, a voxel-by-voxel image analysis method, was evaluated as an early prognostic biomarker of overall survival. Clinical and conventional MR parameters were also evaluated. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that PRMADC+ in combination with PRMrCBV− obtained at week 3 had a stronger correlation to 1-year and overall survival rates than any baseline clinical or treatment response imaging metric. The composite biomarker identified three distinct patient groups, nonresponders [median survival (MS) of 5.5 months, 95% CI: 4.4–6.6 months], partial responders (MS of 16 months, 95% CI: 8.6–23.4 months), and responders (MS has not yet been reached). Conclusions: Inclusion of PRMADC+ and PRMrCBV− into a single imaging biomarker metric provided early identification of patients resistant to standard chemoradiation. In comparison to the current standard of assessment of response at 10 weeks (Macdonald criteria), the composite PRM biomarker potentially provides a useful opportunity for clinicians to identify patients who may benefit from alternative treatment strategies. Clin Cancer Res; 17(14); 4751–60. ©2011 AACR.
All a-Twitter
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Last week a storm battered Glasgow, and this was posted on Twitter: “Edinburgh, you can take our wheelie bins but you can’t take our banter, Glasgow.” I am wary of social media because those with 1000 friends on Facebook are socially bankrupt. I fear they will be left with no real friends at all, just false avatars. Friendship is the most precious but rarest social commodity. I delayed using Twitter, but last week I started. Twitter is an amazing source of news and information and its brevity makes it very accessible. So on …
New Vein Stripper
Authors: Howard Mahorner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

THE modern treatment of varicose veins includes stripping of segments with severe ectasia, especially those in which clinical tests indicate reflux of blood from the deep to the superficial system through communicating veins with incompetent valves. In common with most authors recently reporting the results of treatment of varicose veins, I believe that ligation and stripping of segments gives better and more permanent results. A variety of strippers have been devised, among which are Keller's,1 , 2 Mayo's,3 Babcock's,4 Myers', and Kutz and Hendricks'.5 For some sixteen months we have experimented with a variety of ideas and methods, including intraluminary malleable and . . .
Italy plans random drug testing of healthcare staff
Authors: M. Day
Journal: BMJ (2011)

In a move that has the largely unanimous backing of health unions the Italian government is planning random drug testing of clinical staff.

Under the plans medical and nursing staff will be notified 24 hours before an impending test for drug misuse. A positive test result will see the health worker suspended while external assessors carry out a second test.

If this too is positive the doctor or nurse will be removed from their “sensitive” clinical role. But the director of the prime minister’s antidrug abuse department, Giovanni Serpelloni, emphasised that “they will not be …
Reducing people's vulnerability is key to combating hunger caused by global warming
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The impact of global warming could substantially increase world hunger and overwhelm the international humanitarian aid system unless there is coordinated action to boost the resilience of affected communities, says the United Nations World Food Programme.

In its new report the agency warns that “Climate change and more frequent natural disasters will substantially increase the risk of hunger and malnutrition, especially in the poorest parts of the world. The scale is unprecedented. The increased risk due to climate change is projected to affect millions of people.”

The report predicts that by 2050 “the number of people at risk of hunger as a result of climate change is expected to …
Reddish-Brown Nodules and Papules in an Elderly Man
Authors: Lance W. Chapman, Jennifer L. Hsiao, Peter Sarantopoulos, Melvin W. Chiu
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Managing Immunization in General Practice
Authors: D. Jenkinson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Michael Ingram Radcliffe, £14.95, pp 112 ISBN 1 85775 1558

Giving immunisations in general practice requires clinical, organisational, and management skills. Clinical skills are largely catered for by the Department of Health's “green book,” but it did not answer the question I was asked this week: “How, doctor, can you be sure it is safe to give my baby whooping cough vaccine when he has been in contact with a case and may …
Comparison between tungsten and steel polypectomy snares: evaluation of depth of colonic thermal wall injury in a pig model
Authors: G. Galloro, L. Magno, S. Ruggiero, P. Iovino, C. Formisano, L. Cortese, F. Fusco, C. Meola, G. Carlomagno
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Thermal injury of the colonic wall during polypectomy may induce complications such as bleeding and perforation. To date, the role of the snare material in these injuries has not been examined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the depth of colonic post-polypectomy thermal wall injury induced by tungsten and steel endoscopic snares, in an effort to reduce electrosurgery-related complications. <b>Materials and methods:</b> This was a single tertiary center experimental study in a porcine model. A total of 90 polypectomies where performed in three live pigs under general anesthesia, using both steel and tungsten snares by cut, coagulation, and blend current modes. The pigs were then euthanized and their colons examined histologically. <b>Results: </b>Steel snares induced significantly deeper tissue injury than tungsten snares in the pure cut mode (Pearson <i>χ</i> <sup>2</sup> = 6.136, <i>P</i> = 0.013). The ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that the current mode and snare material were significantly associated with the ordinal score for the depth of injury. Thus, cut mode was positively associated with a lower score and coagulation mode with a higher score. In addition, tungsten was significantly associated with a lower depth of tissue injury. <b>Conclusions:</b> Due to its inherent electrical properties, tungsten is very well suited for manufacture into electrosurgical endoscopic devices. Thus, tungsten snares may be advantageous for routine use in endoscopic polypectomy, although further studies are needed to confirm these promising findings in human patients.
Marginal costs and benefits
Authors: D. J Torgerson, A. Spencer
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Decision makers are interested in measuring the costs and benefits of various interventions, and sometimes they are presented with the average costs and benefits of alternative interventions and asked to compare these. Usually a newer intervention is being compared with an existing one, and the most appropriate comparison is not of average costs (and benefits) but of the extra--or marginal--costs (and benefits) of the new intervention. Reanalysis of the cost effectiveness ratio of biochemical screening of all women for Down's syndrome compared with age based screening shows that the marginal cost effectiveness of biochemical screening is 47,786 pounds, compared with an average cost effectiveness of 37,591 pounds. It may sometimes be difficult or costly to calculate marginal costs and benefits, but this should be done whenever possible.
Murder After Death: Literature and Anatomy in Early Modern England
Authors: John Patrick Montaño
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Subacute massive pulmonary embolism treated with plasminogen and streptokinase.
Authors: D A Ellis, E Neville, R J Hall
Journal: Thorax (1983)

Major pulmonary embolism occurring insidiously over several weeks (subacute massive pulmonary embolism) has a high mortality and may not respond well to standard anticoagulant or thrombolytic treatment. A priming dose of plasminogen was used to enhance thrombolysis produced by a streptokinase infusion in five consecutive patients with subacute massive pulmonary embolism. In each patient a dramatic clinical improvement occurred with a substantial increase in pulmonary blood flow. All five patients survived to leave hospital. Malignant disease was the underlying cause of embolism in three patients, two of whom died of their malignant disease in the six months after treatment of their pulmonary embolism. The third patient with malignant disease had a choriocarcinoma; at least some of the pulmonary obstruction may have been tumour tissue but this obstruction was dramatically cleared by the treatment. The use of a combination of plasminogen with streptokinase should be considered in severely ill patients with subacute massive pulmonary embolism, particularly if other treatment, including streptokinase alone, has failed.
HIV protein gp120 and chemokines receptor for liver fibrosis
Authors: G. Svegliati-Baroni, S De Minicis
Journal: Gut (2010)

Liver disease has become the second most common cause of death of HIV-infected patients,1 and the risk of liver-related death increases with progressive HIV-associated immunodeficiency.2 This observation allows for the possibility that the pathogenic mechanisms which promote T cell depletion may also promote liver injury. In HIV-infected patients, liver disease occurs most commonly from hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection, active hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)3 as well as alcohol-associated steatohepatitis.4

However, due to common modes of transmission, HCV infection is the most frequent cause of liver disease found in HIV-infected persons. It has been shown that the overall prevalence of HCV infection among HIV-infected individuals is ∼30–50%, with rates of co-infection as high as 90% in intravenous drug users and almost 100% in haemophiliacs.5

To date it is known that the HIV genome encodes structural, regulatory and accessory proteins: the 160 kDa Env protein (gp160) is cleaved by cellular proteases to generate gp41 and gp120.6 In turn, gp120 envelope protein, expressed in tissue, on the surface of virions or even as a free protein, may act on specific target cells. However, it is still unclear whether and how gp120 may interfere with fibrosis acting on hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), one of the subpopulation involved in …
A complication of becoming a centenarian
Authors: Kevin Hockridge
Journal: BMJ (2006)

About three years ago a blind patient of mine reached his 100th birthday. He held an open house at his home, a fisherman's cottage perched high up overlooking the whole of Swansea bay. I was invited, as were many others, and even the mayor called in. 

A few days later, he consulted me in my surgery, as he still does, with his daughter-in-law. …
Heading for Better Health Care in Peru
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF PAPAIN AND PEPSIN DIGESTION FRAGMENTS OF HUMAN IgM GLOBULINS
Authors: Sven-Eric Svehag, Björn Bloth, Maxime Seligmann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1969)

The ultrastructure of papain and pepsin-digested products of human IgM globulins has been analyzed. Papain digestion was performed both in the presence and absence of cysteine. The Fcmicro fragment was found to represent the central ring structure in the intact IgM molecule, plus a minor part of the appendages extending from the ring. The Fcmicro ring structure was occasionally seen to be composed of dimers of short rods, probably identical with the endpieces of two micro-chains. Such dimeric structures, released from the intact Fcmicro rings, had a tendency to aggregate sidewise, producing complexes of varying size. The dimensions of the Fcmicro fragments were: outer diameter approximately 85 A, inner diameter about 40 A. The length of the protrusions varied from 20-30 A. The Fabmicro preparations contained long strands of sidewise aggregated, short rod-shaped fragments. No aggregates were seen in the F(ab'')(2)micro preparations. The two Fab''micro units in the dimeric F(ab'')(2)micro fragments were usually parallel to each other. The dimensions of the Fabmicro and F(ab'')(2)micro fragments were 50-80 A x 30 A and 75-80 A x 55 A, respectively. These findings provide morphological evidence that the C-terminal ends of the micro-chains (the Fcmicro fragment) make up the central ring structure in the IgM molecule. They further indicate that the F(ab'')(2)micro fragments constitute about (3/4) of the appendages extending from this ring structure.
Mitral valve prolapse in one hundred presumably healthy young females.
Authors: W Markiewicz, J Stoner, E London, S A Hunt, R L Popp
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Clinical, electrocardiographic, phonocardiographic, and echocardiographic examinations were performed in 100 presumably healthy young females. Treadmill testing and ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring were performed in a selected group of these subjects. Phonocardiograms, recorded with the subjects supine at rest, after inhalation of amyl nitrite, and in the upright position, revealed a 17% incidence of nonejection clicks and/or late or mid- to late systolic murmurs (PHONO-MSCLSM). Echocardiographic studies were performed in the second, third, fourth, and fifth intercostal space with emphasis on the importance of transducer angulation on the chest. Studies obtained with the transducer perpendicular to the chest in the sagittal plane, or pointing cephalad at a time when both mitral leaflets and left atrium are recorded, are optimal to study the mitral valve systolic motion. With the transducer in this position, 21 subjects were found to have pansystolic or late systolic prolapse, as previously defined on the echocardiogram. The presence of these echocardiographic findings was statistically related to the presence of PHONO-MSCLSM. Other echocardiographic patterns were identified and their relation to PHONO-MSCLSM and transducer position is discussed. Ten subjects with both echocardiographic evidence of mitral valve prolapse and PHONO-MSCLSM were identified (group EP), while 18 other subjects had either echocardiographic or phonocardiographic findings suggestive of mitral valve abnormality (group EorP). Seventy-two subjects had no abnormality (group noEP). The incidence of various clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic findings in these three groups was determined. Some findings said to be common in patients with proven mitral valve prolapse were seen more frequently in group EP subjects. Echocardiographic and phonocardiographic findings suggesting mitral valve abnormalities were found more commonly than expected in a population of presumably healthy young females.
Where shall John go? Solomon islands.
Authors: A B Cross
Journal: BMJ (1977)

For the young graduate in search of good all-round experience, a tour in the Solomon Islands is most rewarding. Specialists and long-serving officers employed by the Government are anxious to teach and give all possible help to the newly arrived doctor. In the long term there are no career prospects as such, although appointment committees in Britain are now looking more favourably on candidates who have served some time in the so-called developing world. For those interested in research there is much of interest and a wealth of material, although it will certainly be an arduous and frustrating task collecting all the necessary data. Despite such problems, in the last decade six MD theses have been accepted by British universities on work done by the small number of medical officers serving in the Solomon Islands. This picturesque part of the south-west Pacific consists of an archipelago (a mere 30 000 sq km in a vast sea) stretching about 1500 km south-east of Papua New Guinea. The six major islands are of volcanic origin, average 170 km by 40 km, and are covered with tropical rain forest. This central chain is bounded by much smaller islands and coral atolls. For adminis trative purposes, the territory is divided into districts. Honiara, the capital, with a population of some 20 000 is on the coast of Guadalcanal Island-famous for its battle during the second world war-and is about 2000 km north-north-east of Brisbane, Australia. The climate is equatorial with a temperature varying between 33?C and 20?C, and an average relative humidity rarely below 8000.