tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Change in disease activity and resting energy expenditure in children with Crohn's disease
Authors: A. E. Wiskin, S. A. Wootton, R. M. Beattie
Journal: Gut (2011)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Many children with Crohn9s disease have poor nutritional status. Inflammation is thought to place a metabolic burden on the body which can be detected by raised resting energy expenditure (REE). As a result, increased REE unmatched by dietary intake is frequently implicated as a cause of weight loss, poor nutritional status and growth failure. In two separate cross-sectional studies we failed to demonstrate a relationship between REE and disease activity in children with Crohn9s disease. We have performed an initial analysis of longitudinal data to assess changes in REE with disease activity in children with Crohn9s disease. <h3>Methods</h3> Children with Crohn9s disease recruited from the regional paediatric gastroenterology unit were studied on two occasions at least 6 months apart. REE was measured by indirect calorimetry, fat free mass (FFM) was derived from weight measurement and estimates of fat mass from skinfold thicknesses. Disease activity was measured using the Paediatric Crohn9s Disease Activity Index (PCDAI) and serum CRP. <h3>Results</h3> 18 children were studied with a mean of 1.6 ± 0.6 years between measurements. Children showed mean increases in height, weight and BMI standard deviation scores of 0.1, 0.5 and 0.7. PCDAI decreased by a mean of 6.5 ±16 points. CRP decreased by a mean of 7±30 mg/L. Mean fat free mass increased from 32.6kg ± 9.8 to 39.7kg ± 11.4 (p=0.048). REE increased from 1379 kcal ± 293 to 1522 kcal ± 297 (p=0.14). REE/kg FFM<sup>0.5</sup> was unchanged, 243 ± 21 and 244 ± 28.5. There was no obvious relationship between change in REE/kg FFM<sup>0.5</sup> and change in PCDAI r= −0.37; p 0.12 between the two time points. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Cross-sectional studies of REE and disease activity in children with Crohn9s fail to demonstrate a relationship between energy expenditure and disease activity when body size is accounted for. Using children studied twice we have failed to demonstrate any association between change in REE with change in disease activity, over time. A larger study is needed to determine this prospectively.
Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Contributes to Airway Nitric Oxide Deficiency in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Hartmut Grasemann, Suhail Al-Saleh, Jeremy A. Scott, Darakhshanda Shehnaz, Anne Mehl, Reshma Amin, Mahroukh Rafii, Paul Pencharz, Jaques Belik, Felix Ratjen
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2011)

Airway nitric oxide is reduced in cystic fibrosis airways. Asymmetric dimethylarginine is an endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor that may contribute to nitric oxide deficiency in cystic fibrosis.To test the hypothesis that asymmetric dimethylarginine is increased in cystic fibrosis and contributes to nitric oxide deficiency and airway obstruction.The concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine, symmetric dimethylarginine, and l-arginine were measured in sputum of clinically stable patients with cystic fibrosis, in patients with cystic fibrosis before and after treatment for a pulmonary exacerbation, and in healthy control subjects, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Asymmetric dimethylarginine was increased in cystic fibrosis compared with control sputum, and the l-arginine/asymmetric dimethylarginine ratio was decreased. Symmetric dimethylarginine exceeded asymmetric dimethylarginine concentrations in control sputum, but this ratio was reversed in cystic fibrosis. Treatment for pulmonary exacerbation resulted in a decrease in sputum asymmetric dimethylarginine and an improved l-arginine/asymmetric dimethylarginine ratio. The treatment-related decrease in asymmetric dimethylarginine correlated significantly with an increase in sputum nitric oxide metabolites and improvement in pulmonary function. The activity of the asymmetric dimethylarginine-metabolizing enzyme, dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase, was higher in cystic fibrosis sputum before rather than after treatment, suggesting that the accumulation of asymmetric dimethylarginine is caused by increased production, not decreased degradation, of asymmetric dimethylarginine.Asymmetric dimethylarginine is increased in cystic fibrosis airways and may contribute to airway obstruction in patients with cystic fibrosis by reducing nitric oxide formation.
Women are often followed up too soon after treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: A. Saha, M Maresh
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—Mark Emberton is right in saying that there is no uniformity of opinion among clinicians regarding the indications for and frequency of follow up after a procedure.1 The individualistic approach to follow up continues even when national consensus has existed for some time.

It has been recommended that the …
Preventing Adverse Events
Authors: Janet O'Mahoney
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 June 1995Preventing Adverse EventsJanet O'MahoneyJanet O'MahoneySearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-122-12-199506150-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:It was with much dismay that I read the recent article by Petersen and associates [1], not because of the study's results but because of the conclusions drawn by the authors that decreasing housestaff work hours is detrimental to patient care.Several explanations account for an increase in adverse events when patients are cross-covered. This may represent insufficient background knowledge of the patient and can lead to incorrect diagnosis and therapy. Perhaps the cross-covering intern had less time to evaluate the patient. I think it is important to note that all cross-coverage in this study occurred at ...REFERENCE1. Petersen LA, Brennan TH, O'Neill AC, Cook EF, Lee TH. Does housestaff discontinuity of care increase the risk for preventable adverse events? Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:866-72. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 June 1995Volume 122, Issue 12Page: 962-964KeywordsAdverse eventsSleep deprivation ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 June 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Lung Cancer in the Elderly
Authors: Cesare Gridelli, Corey Langer, Paolo Maione, Antonio Rossi, Steven E. Schild
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Elderly patients often have comorbidities and other characteristics that make the selection of treatment daunting.We have reviewed the available evidence in the literature to gauge the results of therapy for elderly lung cancer patients.The beneficial results achieved with adjuvant chemotherapy in the general population with early non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cannot be automatically extrapolated to the elderly, who are at higher risk of toxicity. Retrospective analyses of combined chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced NSCLC patients suggest equivalent therapeutic benefit for younger and older patients, despite heightened toxicity. There have been no elderly-specific phase III trials for locally advanced NSCLC. For advanced NSCLC, on the basis of evidence-based data, single-agent chemotherapy remains the standard of care for nonselected elderly patients. However, retrospective analyses suggest that the efficacy of platinum-based combination chemotherapy is similar in fit older and younger patients, with increased but acceptable toxicity for elderly patients. In limited-disease small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), sequential chemoradiotherapy is clearly less toxic compared with a standard concurrent approach, but our assessment of treatment is hindered by the absence of prospective elderly-specific trials. Although prophylactic cranial irradiation has emerged as a standard strategy, it should be omitted in patients with cognitive impairment. In extensive SCLC, etoposide in combination with either cisplatin or carboplatin has emerged as standard treatment; hematopoietic support may be necessary.With the exception of advanced NSCLC, prospective elderly-specific studies are lacking. Available data suggest that outcomes in the fit elderly mirror results observed in younger patients, although toxicity is generally worse.
Race and Ethnicity: A Compelling Research Agenda
Authors: Brent A. Bauer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 February 1997Race and Ethnicity: A Compelling Research AgendaBrent A. Bauer, MDBrent A. Bauer, MDMayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-3-199702010-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I have just finished reading, with some dismay, the editorial by Dr. Nickens [1]. The author makes an excellent point regarding the need to focus attention on questions of race and sex in relation to certain health outcomes. Unfortunately, he introduces his editorial with a political point: support for affirmative action policies. He correctly surmises that those opposed to the concept of affirmative action believe “that race is not a relevant way of distinguishing persons from one another.” He then cites three articles in recent issues of Annals [2-4] that show racially different health outcomes, and he ...References1. Nickens HW. A compelling research agenda [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:237-9. Google Scholar2. Carter JS, Pugh JA, Monterrosa A. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in minorities in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:221-32. Google Scholar3. Burns RB, McCarthy EP, Freund KM, Marwill SL, Shwartz M, Ash A, et al. Black women receive less mammography even with similar use of primary care. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 125:173-82. Google Scholar4. Moormeier J. Breast cancer in black women. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 124:897-905. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Brent A. Bauer, MDAffiliations: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55901 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySociocultural issues in clinical research 1 February 1997Volume 126, Issue 3Page: 252KeywordsDecision makingRacial and ethnic issues ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 February 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
1m campaign aims to reduce patients' fears over sharing of personal data
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The government has authorised a £1m (€1.2m; $1.6m) leaflet campaign to inform households in England about the care data programme that will link patient information from different NHS providers.

NHS England and the Health and Social Care Information Centre will set out to explain the system and what “benefits” it will bring.

The leaflets, to be sent out in January 2014, will inform people …
Hypertonic preconditioning prevents hepatocellular injury following ischemia/reperfusion in mice: A role for interleukin 10
Authors: George D. Oreopoulos, Heshui Wu, Kati Szaszi, Jie Fan, John C. Marshall, Rachel G. Khadaroo, Ruijan He, Andras Kapus, Ori D. Rotstein
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) of the liver occurs in many clinical scenarios including trauma, elective surgery, and transplantation. Events initiated by this process can lead to inflammation in the liver, culminating in local injury as well as distant organ dysfunction. Recent studies have suggested that hypertonic saline exerts anti-inflammatory effects, which may be beneficial in preventing organ injury. In the present study, we examine the effect of hypertonic saline on the development of liver inflammation following I/R in both rat and mouse models. Hypertonic pretreatment was shown to prevent liver enzyme release concomitant with a reduction in liver neutrophil sequestration. Hypertonic saline appeared to exert this effect by inhibiting liver tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) generation, an effect that culminated in reduced liver adhesion molecule expression. Hypertonic saline pretreatment was shown to augment liver interleukin 10 (IL-10) expression following I/R, as a potential mechanism underlying its anti-inflammatory effect. To examine the role of IL-10 in the protective effect of hypertonic saline on liver I/R injury, we used a murine model of I/R. In wild type mice, hypertonic pretreatment similarly prevented liver injury induced by I/R. However, in IL-10 knockout animals, hypertonic pretreatment was unable to prevent the liver enzyme release, TNF-α generation, or neutrophil sequestration induced by I/R. In conclusion , these findings define a novel mechanism responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects of hypertonic saline and also suggest a potential clinical role for hyperosmolar solutions in the prevention of liver injury associated with I/R. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the Hepatology website (http://interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0270-9139/suppmat/index.html). (Hepatology 2004;40:211-220.)
TRANSFORMATION OF MONKEY LYMPHOCYTES WITH ADULT T-CELL LEUKAEMIA VIRUS
Authors: Isao Miyoshi, Hirokuni Taguchi, Masatoshi Fujishita, Shizuo Yoshimoto, Ichiro Kubonishi, Yuji Ohtsuki, Yukimasa Shiraishi, Tadaatsu Akagi
Journal: The Lancet (1982)
810 Autoimmune hepatitis is an important cause of acute liver failure in children
Authors: R SQUIRES, B SHNEIDER, R SOKOL, M NARKEWICZ, A DHAWAN, M JONAS, J BUCUVALAS, N SIMONDS
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Therapeutic use of cannabidiol (CBD) in intractable epilepsies has increased considerably over the last ten years. As more evidence for the potentially beneficial effects of CBD on different epilepsy types is emerging, it is important to monitor potential cognitive and behavioral side effects. So far, studies including standardized neuropsychological data in the context of treatment with CBD in epilepsy patients are sparse. The present open-label study examines cognitive and behavioral effects of CBD in children and adults with treatment resistant epilepsy.Thirty-nine patients with treatment-resistant epilepsy completed the study protocol, i.e. they were tested at baseline (T0) and after three months of CBD treatment (T1). Patients completed standardized neuropsychological tests on memory, executive functions and attention if they were capable. For cognitively impaired patients who could not complete cognitive tests, caregiver interviews were conducted and caregiver questionnaires completed.Significant cognitive decline from T0 to T1 was observed on none of the included measures. There was a significant improvement on a measure of selective attention and on a caregiver-rated behavioral measure. More than 89% of all individual test results remained stable or showed reliable improvement from T0 to T1. Cognitive and behavioral changes from T0 to T1 were not significantly correlated with CBD dose. Improvements in short-term/working memory were significantly related to better therapy response.No adverse group-level effects of CBD treatment were detected. On an individual level, most test results remained stable or were improved. Cognitive change was not related to CBD dose. The present results show that, from a cognitive and behavioral point of view, CBD seems to have an encouraging side-effect profile. The results need to be replicated with larger samples.
Low expression of the myeloid differentiation antigen CD65s, a feature of poorly differentiated AML in older adults: study of 711 patients enrolled in ECOG trials
Authors: E Paietta, D Neuberg, J M Bennett, G Dewald, J M Rowe, P A Cassileth, L Cripe, M S Tallman, P H Wiernik
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
HIV and STI behavioural surveillance among men who have sex with men in Europe
Authors: J Elford, A Jeannin, B Spencer, J P Gervasoni, M J van de Laar, F Dubois-Arber, Collective the HIV and STI Behavioural Surveillance Mapping Group
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

This paper describes behavioural surveillance for HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Europe, focusing on the methods and indicators used. In August 2008, questionnaires were sent to European Union Member States and European Free Trade Association countries seeking information on behavioural surveillance activities among eight population groups including MSM. Thirty-one countries were invited to take part in the survey and 27 returned a questionnaire on MSM. Of these 27 countries, 14 reported that there was a system of behavioural surveillance among MSM in their country while another four countries had conducted behavioural surveys of some kind in this subpopulation. In the absence of a sampling frame, all European countries used convenience samples for behavioural surveillance among MSM. Most European countries used the Internet for recruiting and surveying MSM for behavioural surveillance reflecting increasing use of the Internet by MSM for meeting sexual partners. While there was a general consensus about the main behavioural indicators (unprotected anal intercourse, condom use, number of partners, HIV testing), there was considerable diversity between countries in the specific indicators used. We suggest that European countries reach an agreement on a core set of indicators. In addition we recommend that the process of harmonising HIV and STI behavioural surveillance among MSM in Europe continues.
The majority of nitric oxide synthase in pig heart is vascular and not neural
Authors: P. C Ursell, M. Mayes
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article The majority of nitric oxide synthase in pig heart is vascular and not neural Get access Philip C Ursell, Philip C Ursell Department of Pathology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0506, USA: P C Ursell, M Mayes. Correspondence to Dr Ursell. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Margaret Mayes Margaret Mayes Department of Pathology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0506, USA: P C Ursell, M Mayes. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 11, November 1993, Pages 1920–1924, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.11.1920 Published: 01 November 1993 Article history Received: 09 February 1993 Accepted: 02 June 1993 Published: 01 November 1993
Politics Ought Not Masquerade as Science-Reply
Authors: George E. Moore
Journal: JAMA (1978)

My only contact with Mr Jeremy Stone of the Federation of American Scientists, not to be confused with the American Federation of Scientists, was a phone call from a man who made a series of unscientific statements. I explained to the caller that the dime  had scientific merit. I offered to send the data to him, to provide relevant references, and to refer him to scientists knowledgeable in carcinogenesis, but he was not interested in this information.  This preliminary experiment had scientific merit. In addition, it was used to make an important point by identifying as dimes the metallic disks implanted in the rats. My point of view would not have been given any attention if the disks were not so identified.  In 1976, there were 695,222,774 dimes minted, and apparently more than 13 billion are in circulation. Dimes, nickels, and quarters have surfaces containing 25% nickel.
Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis Secondary to Pulmonary Venous Hypertension
Authors: Morton Solomon
Journal: JAMA (1960)

A housewife 29 years of age complained of increasing dyspnea, productive cough, and wheezing respiration. A characteristic murmur of mitral stenosis was noted. The pulmonary function studies with arterial oxygen determinations suggested the diagnosis of interstitial fibrosis; and catheterization of the right heart revealed pulmonary vascular hypertension. The lung biopsy showed chronic granulomatous inflammation. With surgery a pedunculated mass was found in the left atrium, and removed. Six months following surgery the respiratory symptoms and alveolar capillary block disappeared but the interstitial fibrosis persisted, as observed in the x-rays. It appears that the interstitial fibrosis and capillary block were due to pulmonary venous obstruction, the precipitating factor being left atrial myxoma.
Intracranial Hemorrhage after Use of Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Coronary Thrombolysis
Authors: Carlos S. Kase
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), an approved coronary thrombolytic agent, can cause serious bleeding. We report the cases of six patients with intracranial hemorrhage after tPA treatment for acute myocardial infarction. None of the patients were hypertensive at admission, and only one was hypertensive during therapy. Intravenous tPA, 100 mg, was followed by continuous intravenous heparin infusion; intracranial hemorrhage occurred between 2 and 14 hours after tPA infusion ended and between 3 and 17 hours after heparin therapy was started. The partial thromboplastin time (PTT) was excessively prolonged (from 81 s to more than 150 s) in all patients at onset of intracranial hemorrhage. The intracerebral hematomas were predominantly of lobar location, and two patients had multiple simultaneous hemorrhages. Four patients died from massive intracranial hemorrhage; the mechanism for these hemorrhages was unclear. Factors possibly related to hemorrhage include a systemic fibrinolytic state or a platelet anti-aggregant effect produced by tPA and enhanced hemorrhagic tendency caused by the combined effects of tPA and heparin. Local vascular changes at the bleeding site remain as potential contributing factors for isolated intracranial hemorrhage.
Visual Processing Impairment and Risk of Motor Vehicle Crash Among Older Adults
Authors: Cynthia Owsley
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Motor vehicle crash risk in older drivers has been associated with visual acuity loss, but only weakly so, suggesting other factors contribute. The useful field of view is a measure that reflects decline in visual sensory function, slowed visual processing speed, and impaired visual attention skills.To identify whether measures of visual processing ability, including the useful field of view test, are associated with crash involvement by older drivers.Prospective cohort study with 3 years of follow-up, 1990-1993.Ophthalmology clinic assessment of community-based sample.A total of 294 drivers aged 55 to 87 years at enrollment.Motor vehicle crash occurrence.Older drivers with a 40% or greater impairment in the useful field of view were 2.2 times (95% confidence interval, 1.2-4.1) more likely to incur a crash during 3 years of follow-up, after adjusting for age, sex, race, chronic medical conditions, mental status, and days driven per week. This association was primarily mediated by difficulty in dividing attention under brief target durations.Reduction in the useful field of view increases crash risk in older drivers. Given the relatively high prevalence of visual processing impairment among the elderly, visual dysfunction and eye disease deserve further examination as causes of motor vehicle crashes and injury.