tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relationship between segmental thallium-201 uptake and regional myocardial blood flow in patients with coronary artery disease.
Authors: A B Nichols, M B Weiss, R R Sciacca, P J Cannon, D K Blood
Journal: Circulation (1983)

The relationship between the spatial distribution of thallium-201 in myocardial perfusion scintigrams and the distribution of left ventricular regional myocardial blood flow was examined in 25 patients undergoing coronary arteriography. Thallium-201 myocardial scintigrams were obtained after symptom-limited exercise and after a 4 hr delay. Regional myocardial blood flow was measured by the xenon-133 clearance method in patients at rest and during rapid atrial pacing to a double product comparable with that achieved during exercise stress testing. Patterns of regional thallium-201 activity and regional myocardial blood flow, recorded in similar left anterior oblique projections, were compared for left ventricular segments supplied by the left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex (CIRC) arteries. In 11 patients without significant lesions of the left coronary artery (group 1), thallium-201 was homogeneously distributed in the LAD and CIRC distributions in scintigrams taken during peak exercise; these scintigrams correspond to homogeneous regional myocardial blood flow in the LAD and CIRC regions during pacing-induced stress. In 14 patients with significant lesions of the left coronary artery (group 2), ratios of regional thallium-201 activity in the LAD and CIRC distributions of exercise scintigrams correlated well (r = .84) with ratios of regional myocardial blood flow measured during rapid pacing. Background subtraction altered the relationship between relative thallium-201 uptake and regional myocardial blood flow, causing overestimation of the magnitude of flow reduction on exercise scintigrams. These data indicate that: (1) in patients with normal left coronary arteries, thallium-201 is homogeneously distributed to the left ventricle, reflecting the homogeneous distribution of regional myocardial blood flow over a wide range of mean left ventricular flow rates and (2) in patients with significant lesions of the left coronary artery, the relative spatial distribution of thallium-201 activity in exercise perfusion scintigrams reflects the distribution of regional myocardial blood flow.
Ion Channels of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Endothelial Cells
Authors: A. GIBSON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1992)

Journal Article Ion Channels of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Endothelial Cells Get access ALAN GIBSON ALAN GIBSON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 26, Issue 6, June 1992, Page 639, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/26.6.639 Published: 01 June 1992
Human glial chimeric mice reveal astrocytic dependence of JC virus infection
Authors: Yoichi Kondo, Martha S. Windrem, Lisa Zou, Devin Chandler-Militello, Steven J. Schanz, Romane M. Auvergne, Sarah J. Betstadt, Amy R. Harrington, Mahlon Johnson, Alexander Kazarov, Leonid Gorelik, Steven A. Goldman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease triggered by infection with the human gliotropic JC virus (JCV). Due to the human-selective nature of the virus, there are no animal models available to investigate JCV pathogenesis. To address this issue, we developed mice with humanized white matter by engrafting human glial progenitor cells (GPCs) into neonatal immunodeficient and myelin-deficient mice. Intracerebral delivery of JCV resulted in infection and subsequent demyelination of these chimeric mice. Human GPCs and astrocytes were infected more readily than oligodendrocytes, and viral replication was noted primarily in human astrocytes and GPCs rather than oligodendrocytes, which instead expressed early viral T antigens and exhibited apoptotic death. Engraftment of human GPCs in normally myelinated and immunodeficient mice resulted in humanized white matter that was chimeric for human astrocytes and GPCs. JCV effectively propagated in these mice, which indicates that astroglial infection is sufficient for JCV spread. Sequencing revealed progressive mutation of the JCV capsid protein VP1 after infection, suggesting that PML may evolve with active infection. These results indicate that the principal CNS targets for JCV infection are astrocytes and GPCs and that infection is associated with progressive mutation, while demyelination is a secondary occurrence, following T antigen-triggered oligodendroglial apoptosis. More broadly, this study provides a model by which to further assess the biology and treatment of human-specific gliotropic viruses.
Sterile Needles: Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Diabetic Intravenous Drug Users
Authors: Daniel Fernando
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Nelson et al<sup>1</sup>raises the issue of prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in intravenous drug users (IVDUs) in the United States by giving them access to sterile injection equipment. All western European countries (except Sweden) and Australia have liberalized needle access policies as a specific strategy for HIV prevention among IVDUs.<sup>2</sup>Given the high incidence of HIV among IVDUs, restrictive needle access policies in the United States have had a negative impact on HIV prevention. The authors conclude: "Our data, derived from a 'natural experiment,' provide some evidence to suggest that access to sterile injection equipment might lead to lower rates of HIV infection among IV drug users." Nevertheless, it must be emphasized that their tentative "suggestion" is based on the erroneous conceptualization of "needle sharing" current in the United States. On the basis of my ethnographic research among IVDUs,
TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS,* A Report of 42 Cases.
Authors: M. J. SAMUELS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1967)

I wish to thank Dr. M. D. Roadett for his encouragement and continuous advice; Dr. B. G. Hall for his helpful criticism and for the use of laboratory facilities at Alder Hey Hospital; the laboratory staff, in particular the bacteriological department for their patience and technical assistance; Dr. J. D. Abbott for the phage typing; the Paediatricians at Alder Hey Hospital and Olive Mount Children's Hospital for referring cases; and E. B. Squibb and Sons Limited, for a generous grant to enable me to undertake this study.
Abstract 2530: Long-term tumor regression induced by a novel antibody drug conjugate that targets 5T4, an oncofetal antigen expressed on tumor-initiating cells
Authors: Puja Sapra, John DiJoseph, Marc Damelin, Maureen Dougher, Bitha Narayanan, Kiran Khandke, Judy Lucas, Jon Golas, Lioudmila Tchistiakova, Mauricio Leal, George Hu, Andreas Maderna, Kimberly Marquette, Frank Loganzo, Russell Dushin, Christopher J. O'Donnell, Robert Abraham, Hans-Peter Gerber
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a promising therapeutic modality for the clinical management of cancer. We have developed a novel ADC that targets 5T4 (also known as TPBG), a tumor-associated antigen that rapidly internalizes. In preclinical models of NSCLC, 5T4 was identified as a marker of undifferentiated tumorigenic cells that express properties of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) and was associated with a highly proliferating (Ki67 positive) cell phenotype. Based on the biological properties of 5T4, we designed the ADC by conjugating an internalizing humanized anti-5T4 antibody (Ab), A1, to the tubulin inhibitor monomethylauristatin F via a maleimidocaproyl (mc) linker (A1mcMMAF) with a drug/antibody ratio of ∼ 4. The A1 Ab has a Kd of 0.9 nM against the 5T4 antigen, binds to a broad range of 5T4 expressing cell lines, and rapidly internalizes (66% internalized within 4h). As an ADC, A1mcMMAF retains similar properties to the unconjugated Ab. In vitro, A1mcMMAF exhibited potent and target-specific cytotoxic activity against a panel of 5T4+ cell lines with an IC50 of 5 ng Ab/ml against high 5T4 expressing cells. In vivo, A1mcMMAF exhibited potent anti-tumor activity in all five tumor models tested (with a broad range of 5T4 expression) and caused long-term regressions monitored up to 100 days after the last dose. Strikingly, animals were cured of disease in every model with doses as low as 3 mg Ab/kg Q4d x 4. In a lung cancer patient-derived xenograft in which 5T4 is not uniformly expressed, but instead is preferentially expressed on the less differentiated sub-population of tumor cells, A1mcMMAF treatment resulted in sustained tumor regression. This result highlights the clinical potential of ADCs that target aggressive cell subpopulations such as TICs. In exploratory safety studies, A1mcMMAF exhibited no overt toxicities when administered at 10 mg Ab/kg/cycle x 2 to cynomolgus monkeys and had a half-life of ∼5 days. The encouraging efficacy and safety data of the conjugate resulting in high therapeutic index in preclinical models warrants further clinical testing of this ADC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2530. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2530
STUDIES ON ENTRY AND EGRESS OF POLIOMYELITIS INFECTION
Authors: Harold K. Faber, Rosalie J. Silverberg, Luther Dong
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1950)

Direct exposure to poliomyelitis virus of the central end of a cut branch of the V cranial nerve was followed by centripetal spread of infection to the semilunar (Gasserian) ganglion, involvement of which was detected both histologically and by subinoculation as early as the 3rd day. In some instances infection did not progress further; in others it spread into the CNS with initial involvement of the trigeminal centers in the pons and medulla as early as the 4th day and by the 5th day was further advanced but still limited to the brainstem. Once infection was established it progressed both rostrally and caudally, at times with great rapidity, through the brainstem and reached the cord on the 6th or a later day. Incidental exposure in traumatized muscle of peripheral fibers of the VII motor nerve led in some instances to spread along that pathway directly into the CNS. Application of the experimental results to human poliomyelitis is of interest chiefly in four respects. (1) The ascent of infection from a peripheral ganglion of the head area to the CNS with initial encephalitis of the brainstem and subsequent descent to the spinal cord is believed to parallel the evolution of the human disease as suggested by the character and order of development of the early symptoms and signs. (2) The failure in some instances of infection to spread from an infected peripheral ganglion to the CNS may parallel inapparent ("subclinical") poliomyelitis in man. (3) Invasion of virus through traumatized muscle directly to the CNS also has possible analogues in human experience which will be discussed in a later paper. (4) The presence of well marked and sometimes extensive lesions in the brainstem one or more days before symptoms emerge is also believed to parallel the human case.
Analysis of temporal trends in the BMJ archive
Authors: M. A. Thorat, P. M. Thorat, H. J. Vaidya, J. S. Vaidya
Journal: BMJ (2010)

We searched the 170 year electronic archive of the BMJ for mentions of four communicable diseases (malaria, cholera, influenza, and tuberculosis) and four non-communicable diseases (ischaemic heart disease, hypertension, obesity, and lung …
Problems with plausibility and alternatives to working memory
Authors: Neal J. Pearlmutter
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Caplan &amp; Waters propose a dedicated linguistic working memory to handle “interpretive” language comprehension, but there are data suggesting that more general working memory capacity can predict syntactic comprehension difficulty, and their claims depend on the existence of a principled distinction between “interpretive” and “post-interpretive” processes, which seems unlikely. Other conceptions of the source of individual differences also deserve consideration, as more flexible explanations of the phenomena.
High-density lipoprotein concentrations increase after stopping smoking.
Authors: I Stubbe, J Eskilsson, P Nilsson-Ehle
Journal: BMJ (1982)

Concentrations of plasma lipoproteins in 10 men who were habitual smokers were monitored for six weeks after they stopped smoking and related to changes in diet and body weight. The energy intake increased by 10% (p less than 0.05) owing to a higher consumption of carbohydrates and fat, and body weight increased by 2% (p less than 0.01). Plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations did not change significantly. The most prominent finding was a rapid and pronounced increased in high-density lipoprotein concentrations. From comparatively low values (mean 0.82 mmol/1) they rose by 29% (p less than 0.01) within two weeks and remained at this value throughout the observation period. In three subjects who resumed smoking after the end of the study they again fell to initial values six weeks later. The initial increase in concentration could be accounted for mainly by an increase in the esterified fraction and only to a lesser extent in the free cholesterol fraction. The changes in concentrations were accompanied by similar but less pronounced rises in high-density lipoprotein phospholipid and in apolipoprotein AI concentrations (p less than 0.01), whereas high-density lipoprotein phospholipid and in apolipoprotein AI concentration (p less than 0.01), whereas high-density lipoprotein triglyceride concentrations did not change significantly. These findings confirm and extend those of earlier cross-sectional studies which showed low concentrations of high-density lipoproteins in cigarette smokers, A significant correlation between the rise in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and the increase in fat consumption after stopping smoking indicate that the changes in high-density lipoprotein concentrations may be partly due to nutritional factors.
Regional Ventilation-Perfusion Mismatch in Interstitial Pneumonia Correlation Between Scintigraphy and CT
Authors: YOJI OGAWA, KAZUTO ASHIZAWA, RASHID HASHMI, YOSHIHIRO TAKEMOTO, KUNIAKI HAYASHI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1997)

Interstitial pneumonia is one of the many causes of a scintigraphic ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch. To evaluate the morphologic features of V/Q mismatched areas in patients with interstitial pneumonia, we correlated the findings on lung scintigraphy using Kr-81m and Tc-99m MAA with CT scan findings. Of 41 patients, 20 (49%) had a high V/Q mismatched areas. All of these areas corresponded to cystic air spaces shown on CT, and most of the showed a honeycomb pattern. Ventilation-perfusion matched defects were seen in 23 patients (56%). The matched defects corresponded to cystic air spaces (honeycomb or bullous changes) or lung attenuation changes of varying degrees on CT. Cystic air spaces with high V/Q mismatch are considered to be normally ventilated. To distinguish mismatched areas of interstitial pneumonia from areas of pulmonary embolism, it may be necessary to compare scintigraphic findings with CT.
Abstract 1242: A broad activity screen in support of a chemogenomic map for kinase signaling research and drug discovery
Authors: Yinghong Gao, Stephen Davies, Martin Augustin, Kevin J. Harvey
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Since protein kinases play a fundamental role in cell signaling, especially as components of critical growth and differentiation pathways linked to cancer, kinase inhibitors have been commercialized as both therapeutics and research tools. This has been enabled to some degree by the chemical tractability of protein kinase ATP binding pockets, the automation of activity measurements, and the correlation of in vitro, cellular, and in vivo activities. Despite the development of a number of efficacious kinase inhibitors, the strategies for rational design of these compounds have been limited by target promiscuity. In an effort to better understand the nature of structure and activity across the kinome, especially as it relates to off-target effects, we screened a well-defined collection of kinase inhibitors using “gold standard” radiometric assays for inhibitory activity toward 234 kinases, which represent all branches of the kinome tree. We screened 158 small molecules initially identified in the literature as potent and specific inhibitors of kinases important from a therapeutic target as well as a signal transduction biology perspective. We performed hierarchical clustering of these benchmark kinase inhibitors based upon their kinome activity profiles and illustrate how they relate to chemical structure similarities; this provides new insights into inhibitor specificity and potential applications for probing new targets. Additionally, we developed a selectivity score for each kinase which we believe reflects general binding site accessibility to small molecules. Knowledge of such scoring indices can play an important role in therapeutic target selection and drug discovery strategies. Using this broad set of data, we provide a framework for assessing polypharmacology. Examples will be shown to demonstrate that we not only identify likely off-target inhibitor activities but also potential new uses for known small molecules. Moreover we demonstrate how activity data can be used to help explain the effects of small molecules observed in phenotypic screening. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1242. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1242
A genome-wide meta-analysis of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma identifies risk loci at 6p21.32
Authors: Wendy Cozen, Dalin Li, Timothy Best, David J. Van Den Berg, Pierre-Antoine Gourraud, Victoria K. Cortessis, Andrew D. Skol, Thomas M. Mack, Sally L. Glaser, Lawrence M. Weiss, Bharat N. Nathwani, Smita Bhatia, Fredrick R. Schumacher, Christopher K. Edlund, Amie E. Hwang, Susan L. Slager, Zachary S. Fredericksen, Louise C. Strong, Thomas M. Habermann, Brian K. Link, James R. Cerhan, Leslie L. Robison, David V. Conti, Kenan Onel
Journal: Blood (2011)
Textbook of Human Virology
Authors: Eli Gold
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The<i>Textbook of Human Virology</i>is an attempt to gather in one volume basic information about the biology of viruses and the diseases they cause. The authors of the 40 chapters form an international group, some widely known because of their work in virology and others relatively new to this field. The first several chapters of this volume, which exceeds 1,000 pages, cover the fundamental concepts of virus structure, replication, transmission, immunology, and pathogenesis. Sections on diagnostic virology and antiviral chemotherapy follow. The majority of the text, nearly 750 pages, is devoted to specific viruses or groups of viruses and their unique characteristics. Many of the less common viruses, such as the hemorrhagic fevers,<i>Bunyavirus, Nairovirus</i>, the human papilloma viruses, togavirus, and rabies, are included. These chapters use a standard format, which includes history, basic virology, epidemiology, laboratory diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and management. The final few pages are used for
Health-Related Quality of Life Is Better for Cardiac Arrest Survivors Who Received Citizen Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Ian Stiell, Graham Nichol, George Wells, Valerie De Maio, Lisa Nesbitt, Josée Blackburn, Daniel Spaite
Journal: Circulation (2003)

This study evaluated the prehospital factors associated with better health-related quality of life for survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.This prospective, 20-community, cohort study involved consecutive, adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients who survived to 1 year. Patients were contacted by telephone and evaluated for the Health Utilities Index Mark III (HUI3), which describes health as a utility score on a scale from 0 (dead) to 1.0 (perfect health). The 8091 cardiac arrest patients had overall survival rates of 5.2% to hospital discharge and 4.0% to 1 year. We successfully contacted and evaluated 268 of 316 (84.8%) of known 1-year survivors. The median HUI3 score was 0.80 (interquartile range, 0.50 to 0.97), which compares well with age-adjusted values for the general population (0.83). Logistic regression identified 2 factors independently associated with very good quality of life (HUI3 >0.90) and their odds ratios (95% CIs), as follows: age 80 years or older, 0.3 (0.1 to 0.84), and citizen-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), 2.0 (1.2 to 3.4) (Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistic, 0.74).This study is the largest ever conducted for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors, clearly shows that these patients have good quality of life, and is the first to demonstrate that citizen-initiated CPR is strongly and independently associated with better quality of life. These results emphasize the importance of optimizing community citizen CPR readiness. Given the low rate of citizen-initiated CPR in many communities, we believe that local and national initiatives should vigorously promote the practice of bystander CPR.
Duodenal carcinoid tumour in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving long term ranitidine treatment.
Authors: P D Duane, T M Shallcross, R V Heatley
Journal: BMJ (1990)

puter numbers?A unique identifying number could be used by general practitioners, family practitioner committees, and hospitals for records, specimens, and exchange of information.At the moment, even within a district, hospitals have their own numbering systems, and a patient may have several hospital numbers.If this is not considered now we may lose a valuable opportunity to improve communication within the health service.Despite the investment in computers we could discover that they cannot talk to one another.Would the NHS number fulfil this role?
A Study of Atrioventricular Conduction in Man Using Premature Atrial Stimulation and His Bundle Recordings
Authors: ANTHONY N. DAMATO, SUN H. LAU, ROBERT D. PATTON, CHARLES STEINER, WALTER D. BERKOWITZ
Journal: Circulation (1969)

In 20 subjects the effects of controlled premature atrial stimulation on atrioventricular conduction was studied using an electrode catheter technic for recording electrical activity of specialized conducting fibers. The least common type of response observed was that in which A-V conduction delay was limited only to the A-V nodal region (type A). This type of response was obtained whenever the conduction delay in the A-V nodal region increased in direct proportion to the prematurity of a propagated atrial impulse. It was characterized by a progressive prolongation in the P-H interval with ultimate failure of conduction occurring proximal to the His bundle. In type B response, conduction delay occurred in both the A-V nodal and His-Purkinje systems. The recording of a characteristic A-V nodal potential permitted the localization of A-V nodal delay to the N-H interval.