tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Allergic contact dermatitis from the radish, Raphanus sativus
Authors: J.C. MITCHELL, W.P. JORDAN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1974)

SUMMARY
A waitress, aged 38 years, developed acute contact dermatitis of her hands after chopping salad plants. Patch tests to radish (Raphanus) and to allyl wothiocyanate and benzyl wothiocyanate produced positive reactions. Sinigrin, the thioglucoside of allyl isothiocyanate, was mixed in petrolatum with the enzyme myrosinase; the mixture produced a positive patch test reaction. Based on these preliminary findings, the immunochemical requisites of isothiocyanates (mustard oils) are discussed. A tabulation has been made of exposure risk to plants of the mustard family (Cruciferae) which yield these compounds; the plants include some commonly used culinary vegetables, salad plants, condiments and also horticultural plants.
TREATMENT OF HERNIA IN CHILDREN.
Authors: A. J. OCHSNER
Journal: JAMA (1900)

During the past few years the interest in this subject has increased very greatly. In this country the first real impulse was given to the surgical treatment of hernia in children by the excellent paper of William B. Coley, which was based on an extensive personal observation. This has since acquired remarkable dimensions, as is shown by the paper of Bull and Coley, which appeared during the past year. In England the subject has been discussed at length, especially in the British Medical Association, by Langton, Eccles, Campbell, Harrison, Heaton, Owen, Parker, and many others; and on the continent Broca, Mugnai, Fraenkel, Felizet, Lucas-Champonnière, Tillmann, and others urge the operative treatment as applicable to a large proportion of all cases of hernia in children. That operative treatment is indicated in strangulated hernia in children was recognized many years ago, although the prognosis was much less favorable in the pre-antiseptic time.
Tissue Banking in Midst of 'Revolution of Expansion' as More Uses Are Found for Various Transplants
Authors: Timothy F. Kirn
Journal: JAMA (1987)

ABSTRACT RECENTLY, there have been three well-publicized reports of infections transferred to patients from cadaver and donor tissues used for various procedures: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease from a dura mater graft; hepatitis B from donor sperm; and finally, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) from a skin graft, reported in Britain (JAMA 1987;257:1036-1037 [see also JAMA 1986;255:581-584, 587] and this issue, Leads From the MMWR; JAMA 1987;257:1079-1081, 1093-1094; Am Med News, March 13, 1987, p 51).Despite this clustering, tissue-transplantation specialists maintain that infections transmitted to a patient from allogeneic tissue are rare. However, those reports are, in a variety of ways, symptomatic of the current situation in tissue use and banking. The fact that they are of general interest to the medical community signifies the growing importance of tissue transplantation.Tissue banking is going through a real revolution, says Joseph Matthews II, MD, cochair of the Standards Committee of the American Association of Tissue Banks
Use of Brand Names in Place of Generics
Authors: Joseph H. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I was surprised to find a medication referred to by its brand name, Tylenol, in the article by Dr Kogan and colleagues.<sup>1</sup>I thought that in the scientific press drugs were referred to by their generic names only. There are many brands of acetaminophen on the market; we should not be guilty of fostering the product so heavily advertised by McNeil Consumer Products Company. Currently, I serve as the telephone advice person in the Department of Pediatrics at the Palo Alto Medical Clinic. A good deal of my time is spent in dissuading parents from using over-the-counter preparations in the treatment of the common illnesses of infants and children, particularly the use of antipyretics for slight to moderate fevers. When I do recommend same, I always use the word acetaminophen and if the parent asks if I mean Tylenol, I remind them that Tylenol is only
Localized Netrins Act as Positional Cues to Control Layer-Specific Targeting of Photoreceptor Axons in Drosophila
Authors: Katarina Timofeev, Willy Joly, Dafni Hadjieconomou, Iris Salecker
Journal: Neuron (2012)

A shared feature of many neural circuits is their organization into synaptic layers. However, the mechanisms that direct neurites to distinct layers remain poorly understood. We identified a central role for Netrins and their receptor Frazzled in mediating layer-specific axon targeting in the Drosophila visual system. Frazzled is expressed and cell autonomously required in R8 photoreceptors for directing their axons to the medulla-neuropil layer M3. Netrin-B is specifically localized in this layer owing to axonal release by lamina neurons L3 and capture by target neuron-associated Frazzled. Ligand expression in L3 is sufficient to rescue R8 axon-targeting defects of Netrin mutants. R8 axons target normally despite replacement of diffusible Netrin-B by membrane-tethered ligands. Finally, Netrin localization is instructive because expression in ectopic layers can retarget R8 axons. We propose that provision of localized chemoattractants by intermediate target neurons represents a highly precise strategy to direct axons to a positionally defined layer.
THE JUVENILE DELINQUENT
Authors: JOSEPH McIVER
Journal: JAMA (1927)

In choosing this subject for a paper, I am well aware that it might better be the title of a book. There is so much that can be said about the delinquent child, and there are so many interesting phases of the subject, that I cannot hope to do more than very briefly outline a few of them. My purpose in this paper is to discuss a plan of studying the juvenile delinquent, to draw some conclusions that may be made from such a study, and to propose a plan of training that I believe will be more effective than our present system. I wish particularly to invite attention to the serious type of delinquent. The study of delinquency in children was begun in an effort to prevent crime and to help the unfortunate. The physician, and particularly the psychiatrist, has been called on to play a very important part
RATIONAL PREOPERATIVE TREATMENT WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PURGATION
Authors: MAX MINOR PEET
Journal: JAMA (1918)

apt to burrow laterally and appear as a tumor in the neck, dorsal to the sternocleidomastoid muscle where it should be opened under the strictest asepsis to pre¬ vent a mixed infection.If unopened, it may follow the brachial plexus into the axilla.Regardless of the prevertebral fascia, it may, however, burrow forward in the midline of the pharynx.2. Those due to an otitis media.The pus probably burrows downward in the upper part of the eusta- chian tube along the tensor tympani muscle to termi¬ nate behind the prevertebral fascia.It tends to point in the same direction as infection from cervical ver¬ tebral caries.3. Those due to an extension inward of a carotid abscess.
Defending intentionalist accounts of self-deception
Authors: Jose Luis Bermudez
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

This commentary defends intentionalist accounts of self-deception against Mele by arguing that: (1) viewing self-deception on the model of other-deception is not as paradoxical as Mele makes out; (2) the paradoxes are not entailed by the view that self-deception is intentional; and (3) there are two problems for Mele's theory that only an intentionalist theory can solve.
RESULTS OF SUBTOTAL GASTRECTOMY FOR GASTRIC AND DUODENAL ULCERS SINCE 1917
Authors: Alfred A. Strauss
Journal: JAMA (1952)

In 1914, when most surgeons considered gastroenterostomy the proper surgical therapy for duodenal ulcers, we devised a method for pyloric closure in this operation, using submucous fascial transplants from the fascia lata. We found that this procedure was much more difficult in an inflamed stomach with a duodenal ulcer than it had been in dogs. In a number of cases the pyloric antrum was torn so badly that, as a means to an end, we did a subtotal gastrectomy. These were our first cases of subtotal gastrectomies, and we noted that the results with this operation were much more satisfactory than they had been with a simple gastroenterostomy. Advocating subtotal gastrectomy as the operation of choice for duodenal ulcer, we presented six such cases at a meeting of the Chicago Surgical Society in 1915. Many of our colleagues at that time opposed this operation on the principle that radical surgical
Government pledges £2.5m for academic medicine
Authors: Geoff Watts
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The UK government has promised an initial £2.5m ($4.7m; €3.6m) in 2005-6 to begin the process of establishing a new integrated academic training programme. Health minister Lord Warner made the pledge in reaction to a report by the UK Clinical Research Collaboration (UKCRC) and the Department of Health's Modernising Medical Careers initiative.

The report aims to revitalise clinical academic medicine and to …
Chronic active hepatitis associated with cimetidine.
Authors: P. T. Boyd, F. Lepre, J. D. Dickey
Journal: BMJ (1989)

rates if commercial intrusion is to be successfully countered and if the provision of medicolegal services for the profession is to remain within its own control.The Medical Protection Society has identified two areas of clinical practice which are extremely, and disproportionately, costly in litigation terms and which, in its opinion, place an unfair financial burden on its membership, irrespective of specialty.These are neonatal brain damage- perhaps better, and less emotively, described as idiopathic encephalopathy of the newborn-and circumstances in which junior doctors in training posts are held totally, or in part, liable for damages.Causation in neonatal brain damage may never
IMPORTANCE OF PHRENIC SHOULDER PAIN IN DISEASE INVOLVING THE DIAPHRAGM
Authors: THOMAS G. ORR
Journal: JAMA (1923)

Pain produced by irritation of the diaphragm is never localized within the diaphragm, but is always referred to some distant portion of the body. When one considers the frequency with which disease occurs in the region of the diaphragm, the importance of a familiarity with the locations of the referred pain from this organ is quite apparent. <h3>ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE PHRENIC NERVE</h3> The phrenic nerve has its origin from the third, fourth and fifth cervical nerve roots. The largest number of its fibers arise from the fourth cervical root. There has been some doubt and some difference of opinion in regard to the distribution of the phrenic nerve. It is known to have both motor and sensory fibers. Ferguson,<sup>1</sup>in 1891, proved experimentally that the phrenic nerve contains sensory fibers, but the extent of its innervation has not been accurately determined. It has, however, been fairly well
Elective Cardiac Arrest for the Management of Massively Bleeding Heart Wounds
Authors: Lyman A. Brewer
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Insertion of the thumb into a large heart wound will control massive cardiac bleeding, permitting restoration of blood volume with multiple transfusion. The tense aorta indicates satisfactory blood replacement. After inflation of the lungs, cardiac arrest will be tolerated for three to four minutes, providing the blood volume is adequate. The arrest permits removal of the thumb without further bleeding and accurate definitive cardiac suture. Compression of the great vessels anterior to the transverse sinus effectively produces anoxic arrest. Effective arrest may be lifesaving if massive bleeding occurs during closed-heart or other intrathoracic procedures. It must be boldly employed prior to irreparable blood loss.
Skeletal Scintigraphlc Findings in Acromegaly
Authors: T R POUNDS, R S HATTNER, C A HELMS, S M CHANG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1994)

Somatotrophin has profound metabolic effects on the skeleton. Characteristic effects on skeletal scintigraphy are predictable, but acromegaly is rare. A review of medical periodicals failed to reveal a previously recorded bone scan in acromegaly, but a single case was found in a textbook. The authors present the results of a bone scan that was obtained to evaluate potential skeletal metastasis in a young adult with pituitary chromophobe adenocarcinoma causing acromegaly.
Cancer Risk in Men Exposed In Utero to Diethylstilbestrol
Authors: W. C. Strohsnitter, K. L. Noller, R. N. Hoover, S. J. Robboy, J. R. Palmer, L. Titus-Ernstoff, R. H. Kaufman, E. Adam, A. L. Herbst, E. E. Hatch
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2001)

An association between prenatal diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure and cancer in men, especially testicular cancer, has been suspected, but findings from case-control studies have been inconsistent. This study was conducted to investigate the association between prenatal DES exposure and cancer risk in men via prospective follow-up.A total of 3613 men whose prenatal DES exposure status was known were followed from 1978 through 1994. The overall and site-specific cancer incidence rates among the DES-exposed men were compared with those of the unexposed men in the study and with population-based rates. The relative rate (RR) was used to assess the strength of the association between prenatal DES exposure and cancer development. All statistical tests were two-sided.Overall cancer rates among DES-exposed men were similar to those among unexposed men (RR = 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.58 to 1.96) and to national rates (RR = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.65 to 1.44). Testicular cancer may be elevated among DES-exposed men, since the RRs for testicular cancer were 3.05 (95% CI = 0.65 to 22.0) times those of unexposed men in the study and 2.04 (95% CI = 0.82 to 4.20) times those of males in the population-based rates. The higher rate of testicular cancer in the DES-exposed men is, however, also compatible with a chance observation.To date, men exposed to DES in utero do not appear to have an increased risk of most cancers. It remains uncertain, however, whether prenatal DES exposure is associated with testicular cancer.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Autoimmunity, Sex and Inheritance
Authors: Norman Talal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

We live in a time of great biologic discovery, and this is especially true in the field of immunology. The rapidity with which creative thinking is translated into scientific observation in immunology has made it difficult even for workers in the field to keep abreast. A picture is developing of an elegant system of immunologic communication, rivaling the nervous system in complexity and diversification.1 Early studies in immunology were largely concerned with the acute infectious diseases, the great killers of that period. The founding fathers of immunology discovered vaccination and immunization and gave us the concepts of protective immunity and . . .
Metabolic Effects of Combination Glipizide and Human Proinsulin Treatment in NIDDM
Authors: RoseMarie Pasmantier, Rochelle L Chaiken, Sondra R Hirsch, Harold E Lebovitz
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

The effects of 3 mo of treatment with a combination of glipizide and human proinsulin were studied in a small group of closely monitored patients. The patients had non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and poor glucose regulation, despite maximal sulfonylurea therapy. This was a randomized double-blind placebocontrolled trial in which there were three treatment groups who received either 20 mg glipizide given 30 min before breakfast and dinner and human proinsulin given subcutaneously at bedtime (n = 5), glipizide and human proinsulin placebo (n = 5), or glipizide placebo and human proinsulin (n = 5). Glycemic regulation was assessed by measurements of 24-h plasma glucose profiles and glycosylated hemoglobin. Our observations demonstrate that the combination of glipizide plus human proinsulin was more effective than either agent alone in controlling overall glycemia in patients with NIDDM. The data support the concept of use of an agent during the day that has its major effects postprandially and another agent at bedtime that is relatively hepatospecific.
Cognition without representational redescription
Authors: Joanna Bryson, Will Lowe
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Ballard et al. show how control structures using minimal state can be made flexible enough for complex cognitive tasks by using deictic pointers, but they do so within a specific computational framework. We discuss broader implications in cognition and memory and provide biological evidence for their theory. We also suggest an alternative account of pointer binding, which may better explain their limited number.
Is There a Role for Positron Emission Tomography in Breast Cancer Staging?
Authors: Nicole C. Hodgson, Karen Y. Gulenchyn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Positron emission tomography (PET) with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is a radiotracer imaging method that is used in the care of patients with cancer. We conducted a nonsystematic review of the literature regarding the applicability of this technique in patients with breast cancer, encompassing the impact of FDG-PET on surgical management, including axillary node staging and sentinel lymph node biopsy; the use of FDG-PET in the evaluation of the primary tumor; the role of FDG-PET in the evaluation of distant metastases both at diagnosis and in the investigation of suspected recurrence; and the ability of FDG-PET to predict treatment response. FDG-PET is not sufficiently sensitive to replace histologic surgical staging of the axilla. Although FDG avidity of the primary tumor has been shown to be an unfavorable indicator, there is insufficient information to recommend its routine use for this indication. FDG-PET is more sensitive than conventional imaging in the detection of metastatic or recurrent disease, but the impact of increased sensitivity on patient care and outcome has not been demonstrated. The data regarding prediction of treatment response are insufficient to reach any conclusion. There are a number of prospective, adequately powered clinical trials currently in progress that should provide more definitive answers regarding the role, if any, of this technique in the management of patients with breast cancer.
Fat Embolism Syndrome
Authors: ARVIS G. WILLIAMS, FRED A. METTLER, JAMES H. CHRISTIE, ROBERT E. GORDON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

The fat embolism syndrome is clinically evident in approximately 0.5-2.0% of patients with long bone fractures. The clinical signs and symptoms are evident in 60% of patients within 24 hours and 85% of patients within 48 hours after trauma. A patient is reported who complained of dyspnea and hemoptysis approximately 72 hours after sustaining a fracture to the distal tibia and fibula. Radionuclide ventilation/perfusion imaging was obtained to rule out pulmonary thromboemboli. Perfusion imaging demonstrated the characteristic diffuse, subsegmental ("mottled") appearance of fatty emboli to the lung.
Diabetic Truncal Mononeuropathy — A New Clinical Syndrome
Authors: Max Ellenberg
Journal: Diabetes Care (1978)

Although diabetic mononeuropathy affecting the cranial and peripheral nerves is well recognized, there is little known or documented about diabetic mononeuropathy affecting the thoracic nerves, i.e., the truncal nerves. This series of 40 cases attests to its frequency; equal sex distribution; significance in differential diagnosis including coronary artery disease, intra-abdominal surgical diseases such as gallbladder pathology and appendicitis, pleurisy, and neoplasms. Truncal mononeuropathy has characteristics that differ from those of other diabetic mononeuropathies in that it is primarily sensory and typically not a first manifestation of clinical diabetes, whereas the other forms of diabetic mononeuropathy are primarily motor in effect and not infrequently may be the initial clinical presenting manifestation of diabetes. Finally, diabetic truncal mononeuropathy has a good prognosis.
Learning from low income countries :Investing in traditional birth attendants may help reduce mortality in poor countries
Authors: Salem Banajeh
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Learning from low income countries Experience in low income countries should count towards specialist registrar trainingEditor-Richards and Tumwine ask for discussion on the subject of poor countries making the best teachers. 1When will the postgraduate tutors and royal colleges recognise that medical experience in developing countries should be counted towards specialist registrar training?I recently spoke to a specialist registrar whose 12 months in the main teaching hospital in Malawi counted for nothing towards his training.As a specialist registrar training in chest medicine, he will have seen more tuberculosis than most chest physicians working in provincial England will see in a lifetime.This is particularly frustrating as the numbers of cases of tuberculosis are rising progressively in the United Kingdom, and training in the diagnosis and management of this disease needs to be improved as much as possible.
Abstract 3994: Loss of miR-23b enhances Pyk2-induced glioma cell migration and invasion
Authors: Kimberly M. Paquette, Julianna TD Ross, Jean Kloss, Sara Nasser, Zhongbo Yang, Vincent M. Paulino, Seungchan Kim, Joseph C. Loftus, Nhan L. Tran
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Glioblastoma is the most common and lethal type of primary brain tumor. Despite recent therapeutic advances in other cancers, the treatment of glioblastomas remains ineffective and essentially palliative due the highly invasive nature of the disease. To discern molecular mechanisms that drive GBM migration, we investigated the potential role of differential expression of microRNAs (miRNA) by comparing the matched large-scale, genome-wide miRNA expression profiles of migrating and migration-restricted human glioma cells. Using a radial migration assay, migrating and non-migrating populations from seven well-established glioma cell lines were isolated and utilized for miRNA expression analysis. Statistical analyses revealed 22 miRNAs common to all seven glioma cell lines were down-regulated in the migrating cell population (p &amp;lt; 0.0005) relative to cells in the non-migratory population. Specifically, we report here that the expression level of miR-23b was markedly down-regulated in migrating glioma cells as compared to migration-restricted cells. Over-expression of miR-23b significantly inhibited glioma cell migration and invasion. A bioinformatics search revealed a conserved target site within the 3’untranslated region (UTR) of Pyk2, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that has been previously implicated in the regulation of glioma cell migration and invasion. Increased expression of miR-23b reduced the expression level of Pyk2 in glioma cells indicating that miR-23b targets Pyk2. Notably, increased expression of miR-23b did not alter the expression level of the related focal adhesion kinase FAK indicating that miR-23b specifically inhibits the expression Pyk2. Taken together, our study demonstrates that reduced expression of miR-23b facilitates the enhancement of glioma cell migration and invasion via modulation of Pyk2 expression. Thus, these data suggest that certain miRNAs may regulate glioma migration and invasion to influence the progression of this disease. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3994. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3994