tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exercise and Osteoporosis
Authors: Ariel Simkin
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We enjoyed reading the commentary entitled "Does Exercise Prevent Osteoporosis?" by Block et al.<sup>1</sup>Unfortunately, references made in this article to two of our studies are misleading. Our study on the increase of trabecular bone density due to bone-loading exercises<sup>2</sup>is included among prospective studies that "failed to show that exercise of short duration can significantly enhance radial compact bone mass." The main finding of this study was rather that exercise of short duration<i>does</i>significantly enhance radial<i>trabecular bone density</i>. The increase in bone density was evident not only in comparison with the nonexercising control group, but also in comparison with the density values of the exercising group before the training. The authors report that in our study on the effect of intense physical activity on the bone mineral content in the lower limb,<sup>3</sup>"the comparison group also gained bone mass significantly." In
Pulmonary Gas Exchange and Sputum Cellular Responses to Inhaled Leukotriene D<sub>4</sub> in Asthma
Authors: ANDRÉS L. ECHAZARRETA, BARBRO DAHLÉN, GABRIEL GARCÍA, CARLOS AGUSTÍ, JOAN ALBERT BARBERÀ, JOSEP ROCA, SVEN-ERIK DAHLÉN, ROBERT RODRIGUEZ-ROISIN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

Inhalational challenges with inflammatory mediators may provoke lung function disturbances similar to those shown in spontaneous acute asthma. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) have recently been established as mediators of bronchoconstriction in asthma but their effects on pulmonary gas exchange in asthma have not been assessed. We therefore investigated the effects of leukotriene D4 (LTD4) challenge resulting in a significant decrease in FEV1 (mean ± SE, by 32 ± 3%) in 13 nonsmoking, mild asthmatics. Respiratory system resistance (Rrs), and respiratory and inert gases were measured before and immediately after, and at 15 and 45 min after challenge. After bronchoprovocation, Rrs increased (by 106 ± 12%), PaO2 decreased (by 25 ± 4 mm Hg), and ventilation–perfusion distributions moderately to severely deteriorated, as shown by increases in the dispersions of pulmonary blood flow (Log SDQ, by 59 ± 12%) and alveolar ventilation (Log SDV, by 65 ± 20%) (p < 0.05 each). Sputum eosinophils (p < 0.05) and urinary LTE4 (p < 0.005) increased after challenge. Despite the lack of mathematical correlations between spirometric and Rrs changes and gas exchange indices, the pattern of improvement of the functional variables after challenge ran in parallel. These findings support the evidence that CysLTs, in addition to being potent bronchoconstrictors, also provoke profound disturbances of pulmonary gas exchange in asthma.Keywords: airway inflammation; bronchial challenge; cysteinyl leukotrienes; induced sputum; ventilation–perfusion relationships
The Role of Blood Osmolality and Volume in Regulating Vasopressin Secretion in the Rat
Authors: Fredrick L. Dunn, Thomas J. Brennan, Averial E. Nelson, Gary L. Robertson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) has been used to study the effects of blood osmolality and volume in regulating AVP secretion in unanesthetized rats. Under basal conditions, plasma AVP and osmolality were relatively constant, averaging 2.3+/-0.9 (SD) pg/ml and 294+/-1.4 mosmol/kg, respectively. Fluid restriction, which increased osmolality and decreased volume, resulted in a progressive rise in plasma AVP to about 10 times basal levels after 96 h. A 2-3-fold increase in plasma AVP occurred as early as 12 h, when osmolality and volume had each changed by less than 2%. Intraperitoneal injections of hypertonic saline, which had no effect on blood volume, also produced a rise in plasma AVP that was linearly correlated with the rise in osmolality (r > 0.9) and quantitatively similar to that found during fluid restriction (plasma AVP increased 2-4-fold with each 1% increase in osmolality). Intraperitoneal injection of polyethylene glycol, which decreased blood volume without altering osmolality, also increased plasma AVP but this response followed an exponential pattern and did not become significant until volume had decreased by 8% or more. At these levels of hypovolemia, the osmoregulatory system continued to function but showed a lower threshold and increase sensitivity to osmotic stimulation. We conclude that AVP secretion is regulated principally by blood osmolality but that the responsiveness of this mechanism may be significantly altered by modest changes in blood volume.
European Medicines Agency pledges to publish clinical reports
Authors: R. Watson
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Abstract</h3> With the advancement of human stem cell cultures and interest in understanding human embryogenesis, human blastocyst-like structures, or human blastoids, are being developed. Thus far, two different strategies have been taken, generating blastoids from naive human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC)<sup>1–3</sup> or through reprogramming of adult human somatic cells<sup>4</sup>. All these studies utilize comparative transcriptome analyses to authenticate blastoid cells and identify their counterparts in the human blastocyst<sup>5,6</sup>. However, the validity of comparative transcriptome analysis is critically hinged on including relevant reference data, not only those from targeted cell types but also from potential alternative cell lineages. Thus, we sought to reevaluate the single-cell transcriptome data from the blastoids based on a more comprehensive cellular reference, which includes data from <i>in vitro</i> cultured human<sup>6,7</sup> and non-human primate (NHP, <i>Cynomolgus macaque</i>) blastocysts<sup>8</sup>, a human stem cell-based post-implantation amniotic sac embryoid (PASE) model<sup>9</sup>, and an <i>in vivo</i> gastrulation-stage human embryo specimen<sup>10</sup>, using four different analysis strategies. Our analyses unequivocally support that blastoids developed by reprogramming adult human somatic cells largely fail to generate cells with a transcriptome profile consistent with the human blastocyst trophectoderm. Instead, cells identified as trophectoderm-like have a transcriptional profile more similar to the amniotic ectoderm in the gastrulating human and NHP embryos. To facilitate cell lineage identifications in human embryo models, we further identified a set of human amniotic ectoderm and trophectoderm markers that could be utilized to distinguish these two lineages. We further built a neural-network based online prediction tool, which accurately discerns the full cellular composition of blastoids.
β-ALANINE SUPPLEMENTATION AND SIDE EFFECTS; INFLUENCE OF BODY COMPOSITION
Authors: VG Kelly, DG Jenkins, MD Leveritt, GJ Slater
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Oral β-alanine doses larger than 800 mg commonly result in side effects known as paraesthesia. However, the side effects experienced when consuming an absolute or a dose relative to body weight of β-alanine have not been examined. The aim of this study was to report all of the side effects experienced and to determine if the symptoms of paraesthesia differed between the two doses and to determine if body mass and composition were related to these side effects. 25 healthy male subjects completed three supplementation treatments: a placebo; a relative dose of 0.02 g·kg −1 body weight and an absolute dose of 1.6 g β-alanine. For 90 min following supplementation in each condition, participants completed a questionnaire relating to various sensations. Symptoms peaked after 20 min and the combined incidence rate for both β-alanine conditions was 29% (“pins and needles”), 19% (“tickling, itching”), 16% (‘‘flush and/or shiver’’), 8% (‘‘tactile hypersensitivity and/or irritation’’), and 6% (‘‘numbness and/or insensitivity’’). No significant relationships were found between body fat, lean mass or body mass and symptoms of paraesthesia. The present investigation found subjects weighing less than 75 kg experienced a higher incidence of side effects when taking an absolute dose of β-alanine, whereas for participants over 85 kg the dose relative to body weight resulted in a greater incidence of side effects. The results of the current investigation may be useful in providing guidelines to reduce side effects for specific individuals following β-alanine supplementation.
The Changing US Health Care Agenda
Authors: Eli Ginzberg
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
In the Pork-Cat Syndrome, Allergic Reactions to Pork Reflect IgE Antibodies to Cat Albumin that Cross-reacts with Other Albumins
Authors: J. Posthumus, L.J. Workman, H.R. James, S.L. Pochan, C.J. Lane, D.C. McBride, S.S. Eapen, L.A. Matos, S.P. Commins, T.A.E. Platts-Mills
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
More people should be supported to die at home, MPs say
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A lack of NHS and social support services is condemning many people to end their lives in hospital when there is no clinical need for them to be there, the House of Commons Public Accounts Committee has concluded.

In its report on end of life care in England, the influential committee of MPs calls for 24 hour district nursing and access to advice and treatment out of hours to cut the numbers of unnecessary hospital admissions.

The committee, which acts as a check on public spending, notes that most people express a wish to die …
TCT-893 Does Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Affect Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement?
Authors: Nimesh Desai, Tyler Wallen, Saif Anwaruddin, Daniel Choudhary, Prashanth Vallabhajosyula, Howard Herrmann, Wilson Szeto, Joseph Bavaria
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
The Health Effects of Heptachlor
Authors: Howard Frumkin
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The investigation by Stehr-Green et al<sup>1</sup>into the health effects of heptachlor exposure suffers from inadequacies in analysis and seriously overstated conclusions. As in many environmental health studies, direct exposure measurements of the variable of interest, heptachlor, did not exist. However, at least three proxy measures were available: serum levels of pesticide residues, self-reported levels of milk consumption, and membership in a "high-risk" farm family. Despite careful reading, we are unable to decipher whether the second or the third measure was used in the analysis; however, misclassification due to recall bias, variation in individual absorption, and other causes would be increased using either measure. Indeed, the data suggest that such misclassification occurred; only 23% to 31% of "exposed" subjects had elevated serum analytes, while 4% to 7% of participants in the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey had such elevations. It is possible that a
Genetic and clinical factors influence the baseline permeability of the peritoneal membrane
Authors: Gaalle Gillerot, Eric Goffin, Catherine Michel, Pieter Evenepoel, Wim Van Biesen, Michel Tintillier, Peter Stenvinkel, Olof Heimbarger, Bengt Lindholm, Louise Nordfors, Annie Robert, Olivier Devuyst
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
Preimplantation genetic screening reduces successful pregnancies after IVF
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2007)

NHS Employers, the organisation responsible for employment procedures in the NHS, defended its vetting practices this week after seven doctors and medical students-six in the United Kingdom and one in Australia-were held by police in connection with the failed car bombings in London and Glasgow.One doctor, Iraqi born Bilal Abdullah, who worked as a locum doctor at the Royal Alexandra Hospital, in Paisley, near Glasgow, was arrested at the scene of Saturday's attempt to blow up a jeep packed with gas cylinders at Glasgow airport.Another man detained at the scene with 90% burns is thought to be a junior hospital doctor.He is in the Royal Alexandra Hospital.Later that day, the 26 year old Jordanian born doctor Mohammed Asha and a 27 year old woman, thought to be his wife, were arrested in Sandbach, Cheshire, northwest England.Dr Asha, whose family comes originally from Palestine, had worked as a junior doctor at the Royal Shrewsbury Hospital and the Princess Royal Hospital, in Telford.In a statement NHS Employers said that all NHS hospitals "carry out rigorous checks before they appoint any member of staff, including verification of identity, qualifications, registration, and eligibility to work in the UK."The nature of their work means that staff are dealing with people who are vulnerable, and we need to be confident that patients are safe."It added, "While doing all they can to prevent unsuitable people taking up employment in the NHS, employers also have a duty to look after the rights of their staff, and this includes not discriminating against employees in any way on the grounds of their religion or belief." NHS defends vetting after doctors held for bombing bidsUK NEWS Economist says NICE should approve fewer costly drugs, p11 World NEWS �ost US surgeons in training get needlestic�� in�uries, few report them, p1� �ost US surgeons in training get needlestic�� in�uries, few report them, p1� , p1� bm�.comEgypt tightens ban on female genital mutilation after 1�� year old girl dies Egypt tightens ban on female genital mutilation after 1�� year old girl dies
THE CARROT AS A CAUSE OF DERMATITIS.
Authors: H. R. VICKERS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1941)

Journal Article THE CARROT AS A CAUSE OF DERMATITIS. Get access H. R. VICKERS, M.Sc., M.B., M.R.C.P. H. R. VICKERS, M.Sc., M.B., M.R.C.P. Physician for Diseases of the Skin, Sheffield Royal Infirmary and Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology and Syphilis, Volume 53, Issue 2, 1 February 1941, Pages 52–57, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1941.tb10498.x Published: 01 February 1941
Clinicopathological Features of Growth Hormone-producing Pituitary Adenomas: Difference among Various Types Defined by Cytokeratin Distribution Pattern Including a Transitional Form
Authors: Abdulkader Obari, Toshiaki Sano, Kenichi Ohyama, Eiji Kudo, Zhi Rong Qian, Akiko Yoneda, Nasim Rayhan, Muhammad Mustafizur Rahman, Shozo Yamada
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2008)
Medical History: Sir Joseph Olliffe
Authors: A. S. MacNalty
Journal: BMJ (1965)

of Limerick, was born at Cork in 1808.His knowledge of French suggests education in a Roman Catholic seminary, for, before he was 20, he went to Paris to seek his fortune.As English tutor to the family of the Comte de Cresnoi he saved money.This enabled him to study at the University of Paris and take the M.A. degree in 1829.He then studied medicine and became M.D. Paris in 1840.His thesis was entitled " La Methode ectrotique dans les maladies de la peau "-that is, roughly, a method of aborting skin diseases.It is chiefly concerned with the treatment of syphilis and smallpox by inunction of a mercurial ointment.The publication of this thesis gained Olliffe professional repute. Marriage, Professional Distinction, and SuccessIn 1842 Dr. Olliffe met Laura, the second daughter of William Cubitt (1791-1863), builder and contractor, twice Lord Mayor of London and M.P. for Andover, in Paris and was married to her soon afterwards.She brought her husband a fortune
Sydenham's Chorea
Authors: Joseph S. Jeret
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —The case of Sydenham's chorea reported by Dr Swedo 1 was an interesting and well-presented lesson. However, I wish to take issue with one sentence: An electroencephalogram [EEG] revealed    slowing. This is a confusing description of the EEG. Was the  pathologic or the normal   of youth? Was the  in the θ or δ range? Was it constant or intermittent? Was the  seen only during drowsiness (which would be a normal finding)? Did it attenuate with eye opening? Were the results of the EEG otherwise normal? Since EEGs, generally speaking, measure  function, the term cortical slowing is troublingly redundant. In addition, diffuse posterior is self-contradictory; was the abnormality seen diffusely, bilaterally in the  head regions, bisynchronously, or independently?  Approximately half the patients with Sydenham's chorea will have abnormal findings on EEGs. Pathologic  ranges from mild background
Colin Andrew Ramsay
Authors: P. Meisner
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Former dermatologist Toronto (b Radcliffe, England, 1936; q King's College Hospital Medical School, London, 1959; MD, FRCP, FRCPC), d 24 April 2003.

After practising dermatology in London as a consultant at Guy's Hospital and St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Colin moved to Canada in 1975 to take up a post as dermatologist at the Toronto Western Hospital. He was professor of dermatology at the University of Toronto, and served as director of the Division of Dermatology at the university from 1977 to 1990 and later as head of the Division of Dermatology at the Toronto Hospital. From 1985 to 1991 he was head of the Division of Dermatology at Women's College Hospital. In 2002 he assumed a teaching and clinical position at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. He leaves a wife, Sheila, and two children.
Influenza — The Goal of Control
Authors: John D. Treanor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Annual administration of inactivated influenza vaccine to older adults has long been recommended by public health authorities.1 The risks of influenza-related complications, hospitalizations, and deaths increase with age, as does the prevalence of underlying medical conditions. Prospective, randomized, controlled studies have demonstrated that inactivated vaccine is protective against laboratory-confirmed influenza in young adults and, according to much more limited data, in older adults as well.2 Since the vaccine reduces the risk of influenza, it would be reasonable to expect that vaccination would also reduce the risks of influenza-related complications in recipients. Demonstrating this type of effect in a prospective, randomized, . . .
Anterior pituitary response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone during open-heart surgery
Authors: K. M. TAYLOR, G. S. WRIGHT, W. F. BREMNER, W. H. BAIN, P. K. CAVES, G. H. BEASTALL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1978)

The anterior pituitary response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone has been studied in 20 patients submitted to elective open-heart surgical procedures, and in six control patients submitted to closed mitral valvotomy. Standard non-pulsatile normothermic perfusion was used in all the open-heart cases. 400 μg thyrotropin-releasing hormone was administered by intravenous injection during bypass, at 30 min post-bypass, and at 60 min post-bypass. The same dose (400 μg) was given during closed mitral valvotomy (Control Group). Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone administration during bypass failed to produce a normal response from the anterior pituitary, in contrast to the normal response pattern seen in the control group (P<0.01). Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone given after the period of bypass produced responses within the normal range in the majority of patients. These results suggest that anterior pituitary hypofunction may exist during the period of extracorporeal circulation using non-pulsatile perfusion and that recovery of pituitary function is evident within the first hour post-extracorporeal circulation.
Hormones and dietary fat as promoters in mammary carcinogenesis.
Authors: T L Dao, P C Chan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Hormones, particularly ovarian steroids and pituitary prolactin, promote mammary carcinogenesis in rats treated with a carcinogen. Hormones also play a critical role during the initiation process as demonstrated by mammary carcinogenesis in ovariectomized rats. A diet high in fat content, especially polyunsaturated fat, promotes mammary tumorigenesis when it is fed to carcinogen-treated rats for a prolonged period of time. Although a high fat diet is not essential for neoplastic transformation of the mammary cells, its effect on initiation is demonstrated when it is fed to rats for a long duration. Thus, both hormones and high dietary fat play a dual function in mammary carcinogenesis. There are indications that dietary fat may modulate endocrine activities, but a relationship between dietary fat and endocrine function remains to be conclusively demonstrated.
Does oesophageal motor function improve with time after successful antireflux surgery? Results of a prospective, randomised clinical study.
Authors: L Rydberg, M Ruth, L Lundell
Journal: Gut (1997)

MAIN OBJECTIVE: There is a continuing debate whether motor abnormalities associated with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) are primary phenomena or occur as a consequence of repeated injury caused by inflammation. To get new insights into mechanisms involved, patients were studied before and three years after effective and durable reflux control induced by two types of fundoplications. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty three consecutive patients with chronic GORD entered the trial. All patients had a clinical history of GORD assessed symptomatically, endoscopically, and by use of 24 hour pH-metry. Eighteen were randomised to a 180 degrees semifundoplication (Toupet) and 15 to a total fundic wrap (Nissen-Rossetti). Manometry was done preoperatively, six months, and three years after the operation assessing motor function in defined areas of the tubular oesophagus and lower oesophageal sphincter. RESULTS: All patients had a proper control of GORD both when objectively and clinically assessed. Postoperatively, the resting tone of the lower oesophageal sphincter was significantly higher in the Nissen-Rossetti group (p &lt; 0.05), and the intra-abdominal portion of the lower oesophageal sphincter was of identical length in the two groups. A significant increase in peristaltic amplitude in the middle and distal third of the oesophagus was recorded at long term follow up compared with the preoperative findings (p &lt; 0.05), but there was no corresponding effect on propagation speed and duration of contraction. However, an increase in peristaltic amplitude and, as a tentative consequence, a significant decrease (p &lt; 0.05) in the frequency of primary peristalsis was found only in patients operated on with a total fundic wrap. CONCLUSION: Despite adequate and durable reflux control after fundoplication in patients with chronic GORD, no change was found in oesophageal motor function with time. The higher contraction amplitude and decreased frequency of failed primary peristalsis seen in patients having a total fundic wrap were thus most likely due to a mechanical outflow obstruction in the gastro-oesophageal junction. These results could therefore be interpreted in favour of the hypothesis that GORD is pathogenetically linked to a primary defect in oesophageal motor function.