tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evidence based medicine--an oral history
Authors: R. Smith, D. Rennie
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Provides the background to one of modern medicine's greatest intellectual achievements The phrase evidence based medicine was coined by Gordon Guyatt1 and then appeared in an article in "The Rational Clinical Examination" series in JAMA in 1992,2 but its roots go much further back. The personal stories of the origins of evidence based medicine were recently explored in a filmed oral history of some of the individuals most strongly associated with the birth of the movement (see video). JAMA and the BMJ invited six individuals (including us, with RS as host) who have played a prominent part in the development of evidence based medicine to participate in an oral history event and filming. Videos of this event and of interviews with three other evidence based medicine leaders (box) have been woven together and may be accessed at http://ebm.jamanetwork.com. Just 20 years after the term began to be used, an early and informal history has emerged. #### Leaders participating in evidence based medicine: an oral history
The Hospitalist Movement
Authors: Charles E. Hofmann
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters5 October 1999The Hospitalist MovementCharles E. Hofmann, MDCharles E. Hofmann, MDBaker City, OR (Hofmann)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-7-199910050-00020 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I enjoyed reading the recent supplement (1) and Dr. Goldmann's accompanying editorial regarding the hospitalist movement (2). As a self-confessed cynic of this brave new world, my concerns center on the fact that this movement seems based on an effort, as Dr. Goldmann states, to develop “greater efficiency, decreased length of stay, significant cost savings, and improved quality of care.” Is it not remarkable that “improved quality of care” appears almost as an afterthought to financial pressures?Another of my other concerns is that hospitalists are, in fact, physicians who are mostly “newly trained and just beginning ...References1. Wachter RM, Goldmann DR, eds. The Hospitalist Movement in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 1999; 130(4 Pt 2):337-87. Google Scholar2. Goldmann DR. The hospitalist movement in the United States: what does it mean for internists? [Editorial] Ann Intern Med. 1999; 130(4 Pt 1):326-7. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Charles E. Hofmann, MDAffiliations: Baker City, OR (Hofmann) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoForeword Robert M. Wachter The Hospitalist Movement in the United States: What Does It Mean for Internists? David R. Goldmann The Impact of Hospitalists on Medical Education and the Academic Health System Lee Goldman The Hospitalist Movement Lawrence A. Starr Metrics 5 October 1999Volume 131, Issue 7Page: 544KeywordsForecastingHealth careHealth care qualityHospitalistsLength of stay ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 5 October 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
TCT-578 Two-Year “Real-World” Outcomes Following Implantation of the ION™ Paclitaxel-Eluting Platinum Chromium Coronary Stent in Routine Clinical Practice: Results From the ION U.S. Post-Approval Registry
Authors: Carey D. Kimmelstiel, Louis Cannon, R. Lee Jobe, Robert Stoler, Thomas Pow, Rick Ganim, Robert Kayser, Dominic J. Allocco, Keith D. Dawkins
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Screening Blood Donors for Hepatitis Virus
Authors: Roy N. Barnett
Journal: JAMA (1968)

To the Editor:—  I would like to comment on the article, Serum Immunoglobulin Levels in Blood Donors Implicated in Transmission of Hepatitis, by Bevan et al (203: 38, 1968). Certainly the development of a test for carriers of hepatitis virus is desirable, but to date all tests have excluded too many donors.1In the current article the statement is made that the number of normal donors who would be lost because they fall outside the 97.5 percentile would be small. The data given do not tell us how many would be excluded if elevation ofany oneof the three immunoglobulin (Ig) factors was used to exclude otherwise normal donors. This is definitely a pertinent question, and I believe it should be answered.
Annuloplasty in Children and Young Adolescents with Severe Rheumatic Mitral Insufficiency
Authors: HOWARD H. KLOTH, GEORGE E. REED, DAVID A. TICE, EUGENIE F. DOYLE, BRIAN KIELY, MARIO SPAGNUOLO
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Eleven patients aged 8 to 15 years underwent measured asymmetrical annuloplasty for severe mitral regurgitation in the years 1961 through 1966. They had had a total of 20 attacks of acute rheumatic fever. The intervals between the last attack of acute rheumatic fever and operation ranged from 2 to 8 years. The criteria for surgery were congestive failure and progressive cardiac enlargement. Using the hydraulic formula of Gorlin, a mitral annuloplasty was tailored to the size of each patient so that insufficiency was eliminated without producing hemodynamically significant stenosis. In this group of 11 children there has been one death. The majority of our 11 patients reacquired murmurs of mitral regurgitation. Satisfactory results, however, are not dependent on complete hemodynamic correction. All patients have improved remarkably and have sustained this improvement up to 7 years. These results suggest that mitral annuloplasty should be the operation of choice in children with severe mitral regurgitation.
Vaccine Delivery: Nanocomposite‐Strengthened Dissolving Microneedles for Improved Transdermal Delivery to Human Skin (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 4/2014)
Authors: Li Yan, Anthony P. Raphael, Xiaoyue Zhu, Beilei Wang, Wei Chen, Tao Tang, Yan Deng, Himanshu J. Sant, Guangyu Zhu, Kwong Wai Choy, Bruce K. Gale, Tarl W. Prow, Xianfeng Chen
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

Xianfeng Chen and colleagues report a nanomaterial strengthened dissolvable polymer microneedle patch for efficient transdermal delivery. On page 555, this novel type of nanocomposite microneedle arrays can penetrate human and pig skin more reliably than pure polymer ones, release payload within only 1 min of insertion to skin, and induce significantly stronger immune response in mouse model in comparison with conventional subcutaneous injection.
Patients with psoriasis often have increased serum levels of IgA antibodies to gliadin
Authors: G. MICHAELSSON, B. GERDEN, M. OTTOSSON, A. PARRA, O. SJOBERG, G. HJELMQUIST, L. LOOF
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1993)

Journal Article Patients with psoriasis often have increased serum levels of IgA antibodies to gliadin Get access G. MICHAËLSSON, G. MICHAËLSSON Department of Dermatology, Gastroenterology Division, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden G.Michaëlsson, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. GERDÉN, B. GERDÉN Department of Dermatology, Gastroenterology Division, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. OTTOSSON, M. OTTOSSON Department of Clinical Immunology, Gastroenterology Division, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. PARRA, A. PARRA Department of Clinical Immunology, Gastroenterology Division, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar O. SJÖBERG, O. SJÖBERG Department of Clinical Immunology, Gastroenterology Division, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. HJELMQUIST, G. HJELMQUIST Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. LÖÖF L. LÖÖF Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 129, Issue 6, 1 December 1993, Pages 667–673, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb03329.x Published: 01 December 1993 Article history Accepted: 26 May 1993 Published: 01 December 1993
Noninvasive stress testing. Methodology for elimination of the phonocardiogram.
Authors: D H Spodick, V Q Lance
Journal: Circulation (1976)

Measurement by systolic time intervals (STI) of cardiac responses requires extremely careful recording during actual stress test performance. Previous work indicated no significant changes in the pulse transmission time (PTT) during exercise and other challenges. Since external STI depend on the carotid pulse offset by the PTT as an aortic curve equivalent, stable PTT implies that timing of the carotid upstroke (CARu) and the carotid incisura (CARIN) would respectively track the pre-ejection period (i.e., the externally calculated onset of the aortic upstroke) and the aortic incisura which is externally timed by the aortic component of SII (IIA). In ten subjects, STIs were recorded at supine rest, sitting, standing, during prompt and sustained squatting and during isometric and dynamic exercise. The results demonstrated the tracking of both points: regression slopes and correlation coefficients were close to 1.00 for each series and for each subset. Coefficients of correlation (r) and of determination (r2) were uniformly high for all challenges except isometric handgrip (IHG). Since left ventricular ejection time is obtained directly from the pulse curve, with the exception of IHG, STI responses during stress testing can be measured without a phonocardiogram.
The Babinski sign: 100 years on
Authors: J. F Ditunno, R. Bell
Journal: BMJ (1996)

ment (OECD), in 1990 the United States had the fourth high- est infant mortality of the 24 countries.This figure almost certainly reflects underlying social problems in addition to the country's lack of universal health care.The poor are eligible for Medicaid, but eligibility varies from state to state and often a revolving door situation develops-a family has insurance for a short time but then loses eligibility until a further crisis occurs.Those in poorly paid and part time jobs do not normally receive employment related healthcare benefits, yet they are not eligible for Medic- aid.The welfare bill has one provision that potentially improves this situation: Medicaid will be continued for one year for those people who leave welfare to go to work.Problems such as poor maternal and child health and high rates of drug abuse, road traffic accidents, and gunshot wounds cannot be attributed to the lack of universal health care.These are problems that result from poverty, poor hous- ing and environmental conditions, and lack of opportunity.Welfare benefits are not a panacea for any of these problems.Proponents of this bill argue that it will provide incentives for greater personal responsibility and motivate people to return to work.President Clinton hailed the legislation as a "historic opportunity to make welfare what it was supposed to be, a sec- ond chance, not a way of life."9This abrupt end to welfare benefits removes the safety net- for those most in need.The withdrawal of these entitlements adds a further burden to a population that is already underserved in terms of health care.There is a real risk that the gap between richi and poor in the United States will widen even further.The objectives stated in Healthy People 2000, which have less than four years to be realised, now seem to be dreams rather than achievable goals.
Assessment, investigation, and early management of head injury: summary of NICE guidance
Authors: David Yates, Rifna Aktar, Jennifer Hill
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Head injury is a major public health problem both logistically and clinically. Many patients seek healthcare advice for this, although relatively few will need care in a neuroscience centre. Most will make a good recovery, but the incidence of ensuing disability even after apparently "minor" injury is surprisingly high. This article summarises the most recent guidance update from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) on the appropriate investigation and early care of patients with head injury, where there has been a significant shift from "admit and observe" to "diagnose and decide."1 NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence. When minimal evidence is available, a range of consensus techniques is used to develop recommendations. In this summary, recommendations derived primarily from consensus techniques are indicated with an asterisk (*). ### CT imaging of the head in adults Request computed tomography (CT) brain scan immediately for adult patients with any of the following risk factors: ### CT imaging of the head in children Request computed tomography of the brain immediately for children with any one of the following risk factors:
Preliminary analysis of immune responses in patients enrolled in a Phase II trial of Cyclophosphamide with Allogenic DRibble Vaccine Alone (DPV-001) or with GM-CSF or Imiquimod for adjuvant treatment of Stage IIIA or IIIB NSCLC
Authors: Traci Hilton, Rachel Sanborn, Brian Boulmay, Rui Li, Bradley Spieler, Kyle Happel, Christopher Paustian, Tarsem Moudgil, Christopher Dubay, Brenda Fisher, Eileen Mederos, Augusto Ochoa, Walter J Urba, Hong-Ming Hu, Bernard Fox
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Tumor-derived autophagosomes, DRibbles, are novel cancer vaccines that have been shown to be effective in preclinical models of established tumors. We hypothesize that DRibbles' efficacy stems from their ability to present stabilized tumor-derived short-lived proteins (SLiPs) and
Postpartum thyroid dysfunction in Mid Glamorgan
Authors: H. Y M Fung, M. Kologlu, K. Collison, R John, C J Richards, R Hall, A M McGregor
Journal: BMJ (1988)

A high prevalence of postpartum thyroid dysfunction has been reported in several countries, but there have been no systematic studies of its prevalence in Britain. Among a group of 901 consecutive, unselected pregnant women thyroid autoantibodies were detected in 117 (13%) at booking. The clinical course of postpartum thyroid dysfunction, factors associated with its development, and its likely prevalence were defined in 100 of these women with thyroid antibodies and 120 women with no such antibodies who were matched for age. None of the women had a history of autoimmune thyroid disease. Normal reference ranges for thyroid function during pregnancy and post partum were established in the 120 women negative for thyroid antibodies. On the basis of these observations postpartum thyroid dysfunction was observed in 49 (22%) of the 220 women studied, and the prevalence in the total group of 901 women was estimated to be 16·7%. Thyroid dysfunction, mainly occurring in the first six months post partum, was usually transient and included both destruction induced hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. The development of the syndrome was significantly related to smoking more than 20 cigarettes a day and the presence of thyroid microsomal autoantibodies at booking. Of the 16 women with a family history of thyroid disease in whom thyroid microsomal autoantibody activity was detectable at booking, 11 developed thyroid dysfunction. Age, parity, presence of goitre at presentation, duration of breast feeding, and the sex and birth weight of the infant were not associated with the development of postpartum thyroid dysfunction. The mood changes experienced by women post partum may in part be associated with altered thyroid function during this time.
New onset and persistent symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder self reported after deployment and combat exposures: prospective population based US military cohort study
Authors: Tyler C Smith, Margaret A K Ryan, Deborah L Wingard, Donald J Slymen, James F Sallis, Donna Kritz-Silverstein
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objective</b> To describe new onset and persistence of self reported post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in a large population based military cohort, many of whom were deployed in support of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. <b>Design</b> Prospective cohort analysis. <b>Setting and participants</b> Survey enrolment data from the millennium cohort (July 2001 to June 2003) obtained before the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Follow-up (June 2004 to February 2006) data on health outcomes collected from 50 184 participants. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Self reported post-traumatic stress disorder as measured by the posttraumatic stress disorder checklist—civilian version using <i>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,</i> fourth edition criteria. <b>Results</b> More than 40% of the cohort were deployed between 2001 and 2006; between baseline and follow-up, 24% deployed for the first time in support of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. New incidence rates of 10-13 cases of post-traumatic stress disorder per 1000 person years occurred in the millennium cohort. New onset self reported post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms or diagnosis were identified in 7.6-8.7% of deployers who reported combat exposures, 1.4-2.1% of deployers who did not report combat exposures, and 2.3-3.0% of non-deployers. Among those with self reported symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder at baseline, deployment did not affect persistence of symptoms. <b>Conclusions</b> After adjustment for baseline characteristics, these prospective data indicate a threefold increase in new onset self reported post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms or diagnosis among deployed military personnel who reported combat exposures. The findings define the importance of post-traumatic stress disorder in this population and emphasise that specific combat exposures, rather than deployment itself, significantly affect the onset of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder after deployment.
Molecular and genomic aberrations in <i>Chlamydophila psittaci</i> negative ocular adnexal marginal zone lymphomas
Authors: Daxing Zhu, Offiong F. Ikpatt, Sander R. Dubovy, Chen Lossos, Yasodha Natkunam, Jennifer R. Chapman‐Fredricks, Yao‐Shan Fan, Izidore S. Lossos
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

The etiology and pathogenesis of ocular adnexal extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (OAEMZL) are still unknown and the association with Chlamydophila psittaci (C. psittaci) has been shown in only some geographic regions. Herein, we comprehensively examined the frequency of chromosomal translocations as well as CARD11, MYD88 (L265P), and A20 mutations/deletions in 45 C. psittaci negative OAEMZLs. t(14;18)(q32;q21) IGH-MALT1 and t(11;18)(q21;q21) API2-MALT1 were not detected in any of the analyzed tumors while three tumors harbored IGH translocations to an unidentified partner. CARD11 mutations were not found in all analyzed tumors, while the MYD88 L265P mutation was detected in three (6.7%) tumors. A20 mutations and deletions were each detected in seven (15.6%) and six (13.3%) tumors, respectively. Therefore, the observed genetic aberrations could account for the activation of the nuclear factor (NF)-kB signaling pathway in only a minority of the cases. Further studies are needed to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of OAEMZL.
Unusual, rapidly growing ulcerative genital mass due to herpes simplex virus in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected woman
Authors: M. Lanzafame, R. Mazzi, C. Di Pace, M. Trevenzoli, E. Concia, S. Vento
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Unusual, rapidly growing ulcerative genital mass due to herpes simplex virus in a human immunodeficiency virus‐infected woman Get access M. Lanzafame, M. Lanzafame Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, University of Verona and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Mazzi, R. Mazzi Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, University of Verona and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Di Pace, C. Di Pace Morbid Anatomy, ‘Civile Maggiore’ Hospital, Verona, and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Trevenzoli, M. Trevenzoli Division of Infectious Diseases, Padua Hospital, Padua, Italy E‐mail: masino69@hotmail.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Concia, E. Concia Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, University of Verona and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Vento S. Vento Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, University of Verona and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 149, Issue 1, 1 July 2003, Pages 216–217, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05415.x Published: 01 July 2003
The Teaching of Medicine and Surgery as One Discipline
Authors: Oliver Cope
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

THE rapid expansion of medical knowledge, the lengthening period of medical education and the current emphasis on specialization both in teaching and in practice demand scrutiny of the concepts on which the present undergraduate medical curriculum is founded. Medical knowledge has been expanding rapidly, and teachers have met the expansion by adding unceasingly to the length of the curriculum. A hundred years ago formal medical education was encompassed in one academic year. Today, with the many branches of science and the spread of the departmental system of teaching, as many as fourteen years are absorbed by the educational program of . . .
A Large Mesenteric Cyst Complicating Pregnancy
Authors: James M. Dunn
Journal: JAMA (1967)

MESENTERIC CYSTS are rare. Since the initial description in 1507, approximately 600 cases have been reported.<sup>1,2</sup>To my knowledge, only recently has the first mesenteric cyst associated with pregnancy been recorded<sup>2</sup>; the following case is the second. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 22-year-old white woman (para 3 [one pair of monozygotic twins], abortions 0, gravida 4), who had a normal obstetrical history beginning with her first pregnancy at age 15, complained of amenorrhea of three months' duration and occasional episodes of colicky abdominal pain. The uterus was soft and twice normal size; there was some distention of the upper part of the abdomen but no palpable mass. After being informed of the current pregnancy, the patient tried without success to produce an abortion by taking an unidentified drug, and did not return to the prenatal clinic at the scheduled time. During the 16th week of gestation she took
Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Heart
Authors: Samuel Zoneraich
Journal: JAMA (1990)

This comprehensive and updated Second edition is an impressive contribution to the fundamentals of basic science of the heart. The editor has assembled 48 chapters written by experts and wellknown researchers. Eight new chapters, a precious and timely addition to the first edition, include comprehensive discussions on contractile proteins of cardiac muscle, contractile proteins of smooth muscle, cyclic nucleotides and protein kinase in smooth muscle, calcium-activated ion currents in cardiac muscle, developmental changes in adrenergic modulation, endothelial cell interactions with vascular smooth-muscle cells, myocardial infarction and free radical effects on the heart, and extravascular coronary resistance. The basic factors affecting the function of the normal and diseased heart are evaluated by a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach including membrane biophysics, electrophysiology, physiology, pathophysiology, pharmacology, biochemistry, and ultrastructure. Adroitly written chapters, such as chapter 31 on hormonal cardiac performance, deal with topics of special interest to diabetologists and cardiologists alike. Diabetic cardiomyopathy and