tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The legal threat to medicine
Authors: D. Brooks
Journal: BMJ (1982)

<b>Background:</b> There is limited research concerning how small companies in particular, respond to health and safety messages. <b>Aims:</b> To understand individuals’ knowledge and beliefs about chemical risks and to compare these with those of experts. <b>Methods:</b> The use of chromic acid in particular, and also other chemicals associated with chrome plating were studied. All chromium plating firms were based in the West Midlands. The methodology involved initial face to face interviews (n = 21) with chromium platers, structured questionnaires (n = 84) to test the prevalence of beliefs identified in the interviews, an expert questionnaire, and a workshop to discuss findings. The responses of platers were compared with those of occupational health and safety experts. <b>Results:</b> Although chromium platers appeared to understand the short term adverse effects of the chemicals to which they are exposed, their understanding of long term, or chronic effects appeared to be incomplete. They had good knowledge of acute effects based primarily on experience. Platers were aware of the hazardous nature of the chemicals with which they work, but did not draw distinction between the terms “hazards” and “risks”. They had difficulties articulating the effects of the chemicals and how exposure might occur; although it is inappropriate to equate this with lack of knowledge. A significant minority of platers displayed deficiencies in understanding key technical terms used in Safety Data Sheets. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study provides a method which can be used to gain some understanding of workers’ knowledge and beliefs about risks that they are exposed to in the workplace. The study also identifies gaps between the platers’ knowledge and beliefs and those of experts. New risk information needs to be designed which addresses the information needs of platers using language that they understand.
Inhibition of hypercholesterolemia-induced atherosclerosis in the nonhuman primate by probucol. I. Is the extent of atherosclerosis related to resistance of LDL to oxidation?
Authors: M Sasahara, E W Raines, A Chait, T E Carew, D Steinberg, P W Wahl, R Ross
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Lipoprotein oxidation is believed to play an important role in atherogenesis. To investigate whether inhibition of oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) would alter atherogenesis in the nonhuman primate, we administered probucol, a potent antioxidant, to Macaca nemestrina fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet. Probucol was administered to half of the 16 monkeys 14 wk after starting the hypercholesterolemic diet, and was given daily until they were sacrificed after 11 mos. To evaluate the antioxidant effect of probucol, the resistance of isolated plasma LDL to in vitro oxidation was evaluated. Probucol significantly increased the resistance of LDL to oxidative modification, as shown by an increase in the lag time required for conjugated diene formation. Lesions in the probucol-treated animals appeared less mature, and increased accumulation of lipid was observed in smooth muscle cells. Comparison of all control and probucol-treated monkeys demonstrated that intimal lesion areas in the thoracic aortas of the probucol-treated monkeys were reduced by 43% (P < 0.0001), but no significant difference in lesion area was found in the abdominal aortas or in the iliac arteries. However, the lag phase of conjugated diene formation was not prolonged in 2 of the 8 probucol-treated animals. A plot of intimal lesion size versus lag phase of all 16 animals showed a trend that lesion size was inversely related to oxidation resistance for all anatomic sites. The strong inverse relationship between intimal lesion size and resistance of LDL to oxidation supports a role for lipoprotein oxidation in the development and progression of lesions of atherosclerosis. The possibility that some of the effect is due to other biological properties of probucol cannot be ruled out.
Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Transport Inhibits Ca <sup>2+</sup> Influx and Contraction in Vascular Smooth Muscle
Authors: Andrew M. Kahn, Richard A. Lichtenberg, Julius C. Allen, Charles L. Seidel, Tom Song
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Insulin attenuates serotonin-induced Ca 2+ influx, the intracellular Ca 2+ transient, and contraction of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells from dog femoral artery. These studies were designed to test whether insulin-induced glucose transport was an early event leading to the inhibitory effects of insulin on Ca 2+ influx, intracellular Ca 2+ concentration, and contraction in these cells. Methods and Results Insulin 1 nmol/L stimulated the 30-minute uptake of [ 3 H]2-deoxyglucose in these cells via a phloridzin-inhibitable mechanism. Contraction of individual cells was measured by photomicroscopy, intracellular Ca 2+ concentration was monitored by measuring fura 2 fluorescence by use of Ca 2+ -sensitive excitation wavelengths, and Ca 2+ influx was estimated by the rate of Mn 2+ quenching of intracellular fura 2 fluorescence when excited at a Ca 2+ -insensitive wavelength. In the presence of 5 mmol/L glucose, preincubation of cells for 30 minutes with 1 nmol/L insulin inhibited 10 −5 mol/L serotonin-induced contraction of individual cells by 62% ( P &lt;.01) and decreased the serotonin-stimulated component of Mn 2+ influx by 78% ( P &lt;.05). Removing glucose from the preincubation medium or adding 1 mmol/L phloridzin completely eliminated these effects of insulin. Insulin lowered the serotonin-induced intracellular Ca 2+ peak by 37% ( P &lt;.05), and phloridzin blocked this effect of insulin. When glucose uptake was increased to the insulin-stimulated level by preincubation of the cells for 30 minutes with 25 mmol/L glucose in the absence of insulin, serotonin failed to stimulate Mn 2+ influx, the serotonin-induced Ca 2+ peak was decreased by 46% ( P &lt;.05), serotonin-induced contraction was inhibited by 60% ( P &lt;.01), and addition of insulin did not further inhibit contraction. Conclusions Since the effects of insulin on serotonin-stimulated Ca 2+ transport, intracellular Ca 2+ concentration, and contraction were dependent on glucose transport and were duplicated when glucose transport was stimulated by high extracellular glucose concentration rather than insulin per se, it is concluded that insulin-stimulated glucose transport is an early event that leads to decreased Ca 2+ influx and contraction in vascular smooth muscle.
Activation of translation complex eIF4F is essential for the genesis and maintenance of the malignant phenotype in human mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Svetlana Avdulov, Shunan Li, None Van Michalek, David Burrichter, Mark Peterson, David M Perlman, J.Carlos Manivel, Nahum Sonenberg, Douglas Yee, Peter B Bitterman, Vitaly A Polunovsky
Journal: Cancer Cell (2004)
Final Overall Results of a Study with a Novel Triplet Induction Chemotherapy Regimen (PACCAGE) Followed by Consolidation Radiotherapy in Locally Advanced Inoperable Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Denis Schallier, Samuel Bral, Bart Ilsen, Bart Neyns, Christel Fontaine, Lore Decoster, Johan De Mey, Marc Meysman, Jacques De Grève
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Deaths under 50.
Authors: S Adam, R Dingwall
Journal: BMJ (1978)

disguise of such terminology is a reasonable step-and indeed when one considers that the death certificate is required to be produced by the relatives for a variety of reasons such as legal or for burial of the deceased this would seem a humane practice.Perhaps some euphemism or code could be introduced to cover the more emotive terms used on death certificates.This could spare the feelings of the relatives and indeed the doctor and could also contribute indirectly to more accurate death certification.
Studies in Clinical Shock and Hypotension
Authors: Jay N. Cohn, Myron H. Luria
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Hemodynamic studies have been performed at the bedsides of 50 patients with hypotension or clinical shock. Data important to the management of the patient were obtained quickly and with minimal discomfort. In a number of cases cited, hemodynamic and clinical improvement could be related to the employment of therapeutic approaches suggested by the studies but not considered on clinical grounds. Particularly important were observations of femoral-arterial pressure significantly higher than sphygmomanometer cuff pressures, recognition of heart failure, therapeutic application of blood volume expansion, and individualization of the choice of vasopressor drug. Proper management of the hemodynamic abnormality of hypotension and shock requires an assessment of the circulatory status of the individual patient.
A History of the Heart
Authors: Tony Miksanek
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Evidence Suggesting Persistence of Nephritogenic Immunopathologic Mechanisms in Patients Receiving Renal Allografts
Authors: J. J. McPhaul, A. L. Thompson, Robert E. Lordon, G. Klebanoff, A. B. Cosimi, R. DeLemos, R. B. Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

Direct immunofluorescent (IF) examinations and elutions were performed on native kidneys and allografts of 24 patients undergoing renal transplantation. Immunoglobulins (Ig) were detected by IF on native kidneys of 12 of the 24; 11 of the 12 later had Ig localized to allograft glomeruli by direct IF. In addition, three other patients also developed Ig deposition on allograft glomeruli, although direct IF of native kidneys was negative. Elution studies indicated: (a) that linear Ig deposition on allograft glomeruli was the result of antiglomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibodies, (b) Ig localizing to allograft glomeruli in many of these patients was the result of persistent immunopathogenetic mechanisms existing at the time of allograft placement, and (c) occasionally, kidneys negative for Ig localization by direct IF contain elutable nephritogenic antibodies.
Pure red cell aplasia as possible early manifestation of chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Oskar A. Haas, Wolfgang Hinterberger, Reinhard Mörz
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract Cytogenetic studies as well as erythroid and myeloid progenitor cell assays were performed in a 29‐yr‐old epileptic man with pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) who had been treated with primidone for several years. Despite clinical evidence of preleukemia, our studies indicated an underlying atypical Philadelphia chromosome‐positive myeloproliferative disorder. These laboratory findings were confirmed by the subsequent development of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) which terminated in a CALLA‐positive lymphoblastic crisis 32 months later. The rare concurrent occurrence of PRCA and CML and the possible inducing role of the preceding antiepileptic treatment are discussed.
The Risk for Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis at the Bedside and during Autopsy
Authors: Gary L. Templeton
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Objective: To emphasize the differing infectious potentials of a patient with tuberculosis. Setting: Hospital ward and autopsy room. Design: An epidemiologic investigation of tuberculin skin test conversions in a clinical setting and during autopsy when results of tuberculin tests done before exposure were available for all participants. Measurements: Tuberculin skin test results after the discovery of tuberculosis exposure from a patient with unsuspected tuberculosis for comparison with the test results before exposure; culture of sputum and autopsy material for Mycobacterium tuberculosis; and DNA fingerprinting of organisms. Intervention: Preventive therapy for persons with skin test conversion. Results: None of the 40 skin test-negative health care workers caring for the patient for 3 weeks on an open medical ward showed a skin test conversion, even though they had not used respiratory precautions. By contrast, among personnel present during the 3-hour autopsy, the test results of all five nonreactors converted from negative to positive (mean reaction, 24 mm). Two of these persons had a positive sputum culture 8 weeks later. The DNA fingerprints of all three isolates were identical. Conclusions: A patient who did not transmit tuberculosis before death released a prodigious number of tubercle bacilli during autopsy.
Course and prognosis of Crohn's disease.
Authors: S C Truelove, A S Pena
Journal: Gut (1976)

During the period 1938-70 there were 303 patients at the Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, diagnosed as suffering from Crohn's disease. Of these, 82 have been excluded, leaving 221 with a firm diagnosis. These patients have been divided into 'new cases', in which the disease was diagnosed at the Radcliffe Infirmary, and 'referred cases' in which the diagnosis was already made at the time of referral. In this series, there were three main sites of involvement: small intestinal, large intestinal, and both small and large intestinal. Ileocolitis was the commonest anatomical distribution. The disease showed progression to new, sites in a considerable number of the patients during the period under study. There was a fivefold increase of new cases between the first and third decades covered by the study and this applied equally to patients presenting as an acute abdomen, which supports the idea that the disease is truly increasing. Survival curves have been plotted and compared with expected survival curves. In terms of mortality, Crohn's disease emerges as a disease which becomes progressively more dangerous as the years go by, which is in sharp contrast with the findings in ulcerative colitis in which the main risk of dying is in the early years.
Population characteristics and the distribution of general medical practitioners.
Authors: M J Buxton, R E Klein
Journal: BMJ (1979)

By applying the logic of the Resource Allocation Working Party to the analysis of the distribution of general medical practitioners, the relevant Family Practitioner Committee (FPC) populations were weighted according to known patterns of use related to specific characteristics--namely, age, sex, marital state, and socioeconomic group. Comparative weightings were also calculated using standardised mortality ratios. Adjusting the populations to take account of differential use has relatively little impact on national variations in list sizes but an appreciable effect on particular FPCs, notably East and West Sussex, Dorset, and the Isle of Wight. Inequalities in the distribution of general practitioners are increased considerably, however, if figures taking account of the inflation of list sizes and cross-boundary flows are used. To formulate and monitor policy about the distribution of general practitioners more sensitive measures of population and its likely demand for services must be developed.
Factors associated with a high tumour thickness in patients with melanoma
Authors: J. Baumert, G. Plewig, M. Volkenandt, M.-H. Schmid-Wendtner
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Background Prognosis of patients with melanoma is strongly associated with tumour thickness at time of diagnosis. Therefore, knowledge of patient characteristics and behaviour associated with a high tumour thickness is essential for the development and improvement of melanoma prevention campaigns. Objectives The present study aimed to identify sociodemographic, clinical and behavioural factors associated with high tumour thickness according to Breslow. Methods The study population consisted of 217 patients with histologically proven primary invasive cutaneous melanomas seen at the Department of Dermatology and Allergology at the Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Germany, between January 1999 and January 2001. Personal interviews were conducted by two physicians to obtain information on sociodemographic characteristics and on patients' knowledge of melanoma symptoms, sun behaviour, delay in diagnosis and related factors. Multivariate linear and logistic regression analysis with stepwise variable selection was used to identify risk groups with a high tumour thickness. To assess possible effect modifications, interaction terms were included in the regression analysis. Results The median tumour thickness was 0·8 mm (interquartile range 0·5–1·6). Fifty-seven patients (26%) had tumour thickness >1·5 mm. In a multivariate linear regression analysis, patients living alone and patients with a low educational level showed a significantly greater tumour thickness. The relation of melanoma knowledge to tumour thickness was modified by the melanoma subtype: whereas lack of melanoma knowledge led to an increased tumour thickness for the subtypes superficial spreading melanoma, lentigo maligna melanoma and unspecified malignant melanoma, no significant effect was estimated for the subtypes nodular melanoma (NM) and acrolentiginous melanoma (ALM). Sex, age, self-detection of melanoma, patient delay and professional delay were not significantly associated with the tumour thickness in multivariate linear regression. Similar results were found in multivariate logistic regression. Conclusions An increased tumour thickness was found in subjects living alone and having a low educational level. These subjects should be targeted in future prevention campaigns in a more focused way. Further efforts are necessary to improve knowledge and earlier detection of melanoma subtypes NM and ALM.
GLYCOPROTEIN IIB/IIIA INHIBITORS WITH UPSTREAM OR DOWNSTREAM THIENOPYRIDINE USE IMPROVE OUTCOMES AFTER PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN HIGH RISK PATIENTS WITH ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION- A METAREGRESSION OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS
Authors: Ankur Sethi, Anurag Bajaj, Amol Bahekar, Rohit Bhuriya, Param Singh, Mukesh Singh, Aziz Ahmed, Sandeep Khosla
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
353 USEFULNESS OF VTTQ. (VIRTUAL TOUCH TISSUE QUANTIFICATION) TO DIAGNOSE FIBROSIS STAGE AND LIVER TUMORS
Authors: H. Tanaka, H. Iijima, M. Yoshida, T. Takashima, Y. Sakai, N. Aizawa, N. Ikeda, Y. Iwata, H. Enomoto, M. Saito, S. Shimomura, H. Imanishi, T. Nishigami, J. Fujimoto, S. Hirota, S. Nishiguchi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Pim-3, a Proto-Oncogene with Serine/Threonine Kinase Activity, Is Aberrantly Expressed in Human Pancreatic Cancer and Phosphorylates Bad to Block Bad-Mediated Apoptosis in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Ying-Yi Li, Boryana K. Popivanova, Yuichiro Nagai, Hiroshi Ishikura, Chifumi Fujii, Naofumi Mukaida
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Pancreatic cancer still remains a serious health problem with <5% 5-year survival rate for all stages. To develop an effective treatment, it is necessary to identify a target molecule that is crucially involved in pancreatic tumor growth. We previously observed that Pim-3, a member of the proto-oncogene Pim family that expresses serine/threonine kinase activity, was aberrantly expressed in human and mouse hepatomas but not in normal liver. Here, we show that Pim-3 is also expressed in malignant lesions of the pancreas but not in normal pancreatic tissue. Moreover, Pim-3 mRNA and protein were constitutively expressed in all human pancreatic cancer cell lines that we examined and colocalized with the proapoptotic protein Bad. The ablation of endogenous Pim-3 by small hairpin RNA transfection promoted apoptosis, as evidenced by increases in a proportion of cells in the sub-G(1) fraction of the cell cycle and in phosphatidyl serine externalization. A proapoptotic molecule, Bad, was phosphorylated constitutively at Ser(112) but not Ser(136) in human pancreatic cancer cell lines and this phosphorylation is presumed to represent its inactive form. Phosphorylation of Bad and the expression of an antiapoptotic molecule, Bcl-X(L), were reduced by the ablation of endogenous Pim-3. Thus, we provide the first evidence that Pim-3 can inactivate Bad and maintain the expression of Bcl-X(L) and thus prevent apoptosis of human pancreatic cancer cells. This may contribute to the net increase in tumor volume or tumor growth in pancreatic cancer.
Mechanisms of Impaired Water Excretion in Adrenal and Pituitary Insufficiency. I. The Role of Altered Glomerular Filtration Rate and Solute Excretion12
Authors: Charles R. Kleeman, Morton H. Maxwell, Robert E. Rockney
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1958)

Rate of solute excretion.Free water clearance.Represents the mean of the two control periods prior to the administration of the drug.Represents the period of maximal change following drug administration.
Abstract 2470: Cd177, a novel metastasis suppressor of breast cancer
Authors: Qing Xie, Nicholas Borcherding, Ryan Kolb, Weizhou Zhang
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Mammary glands contain luminal and basal epithelial cells. We recently found that both luminal and basal epithelial cells can initiate malignant mammary tumors with forced ErbB2/Her2/c-Neu expression (referred to as luminal and basal tumor-initiating cells, respectively). Basal tumor-initiating cell (TIC)-derived tumors had a greater incidence and larger volume than luminal TIC-derived tumors. Transcriptomic analysis was performed to evaluate the underlying transcriptional difference between ErbB2-driven luminal and basal TIC-derived tumors. CD177 was found to be downregulated within basal TIC-derived tumors. CD177 is an important membrane glycoprotein on neutrophils and serves as a marker for myeloproliferative diseases. The role of CD177 in solid tumors is unknown. Our initial analysis revealed that loss of CD177 expression is linked to higher metastasis incidence and shorter survival in breast cancer patients, but not other diagnostic markers like estrogen-, progesterone-, or HER2-receptors. Silencing CD177 in 4T1 cells, a mouse mammary tumor cell line, led to a significant increase for colonic growth in soft agar and pulmonary metastasis in mice. Overexpressing CD177 in MCF7 cells, a human luminal mammary tumor cell line, resulted in a significant decrease for colonic growth in soft agar. We also found that genetic deletion of CD177 in female mice results in significantly increased Lineage-CD24+CD49fhi basal epithelial cells, the major tumor-initiating cells for ErbB2-induced breast cancer. Collectively, we identified a novel potential metastasis-suppressor for human breast cancer with important prognostic value. Future studies will involve in the mechanistic understanding of how CD177 regulates metastasis of breast cancer. Citation Format: Qing Xie, Nicholas Borcherding, Ryan Kolb, Weizhou Zhang. Cd177, a novel metastasis suppressor of breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2470. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2470