tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Serum tryptase levels in adverse drug reactions
Authors: E. Ordoqui, J. M. Zubeldia, A. Aranzábal, M. Rubio, T. Herrero, P. Tornero, V. M. Rodríguez, A. Prieto, M. L. Baeza
Journal: Allergy (1997)

We evaluated the usefulness of individual tryptase levels and variations after adverse drug reactions in 64 patients. Our aim was to find a tool for the diagnosis of drug allergy. Thirty‐seven subjects were confirmed to have drug allergy, 12 had nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) reactions, five had negative controlled drug challenges (NAAR), and 10 had symptoms after placebo intake (PLA). Serum tryptase levels greatly increased after anaphylactic shocks (2242%) and anaphylaxis (710.5%). Patients with allergic urticaria and those with idiosyncratic responses to acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) exhibited a small increase in serum tryptase (49.5% and 38.2%, respectively). In the other two groups (NAAR and PLA), no variation in this serum protease was observed. The time of appearance of the serum tryptase peak differed considerably among patients with similar clinical reactions (from 30 min to 6 h) and was independent of the latent period, severity of symptoms, or the amount of tryptase released. We conclude that serum tryptase determinations are helpful in the diagnosis of anaphylactic shock and anaphylaxis, but serial measurements may be needed to confirm mast‐cell participation in milder reactions.
Effect of the A736V TMPRSS6 polymorphism on the penetrance and clinical expression of hereditary hemochromatosis
Authors: Luca Valenti, Anna Ludovica Fracanzani, Raffaela Rametta, Mirella Fraquelli, Giulia Soverini, Serena Pelusi, Paola Dongiovanni, Dario Conte, Silvia Fargion
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2012)
Twenty-eight day safety, antiviral activity, and pharmacokinetics of tenofovir alafenamide for treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection
Authors: Kosh Agarwal, Scott K. Fung, Tuan T. Nguyen, Wendy Cheng, Eric Sicard, Stephen D. Ryder, John F. Flaherty, Eileen Lawson, Sally Zhao, G. Mani Subramanian, John G. McHutchison, Edward J. Gane, Graham R. Foster
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Emergency Thoracotomy for Massive Spontaneous Haemopneumothorax
Authors: J. Borrie
Journal: BMJ (1953)

BmDICAL JouRNA of surgical and obstetrical cases of thrombophlebitis are associated with loss of blood through natural or opera- tional causes or through trauma, such loss of blood, if not corrected, and that quickly, sets in action, to a greater or lesser degree, the differential distribution of the remaining blood volume.The lower limbs, when they are inactive, tend to suffer most from the cuts in blood supply, as Sheehan (1949) found in obstetrical shock.The risk of post-partum thrombosis is greater in women with a family history of varicose veins, leg ulcers, or venous thrombosis, and inquiries about this should always be made.An attempt to prevent post-partum thrombosis must take these points into consideration.It is clearly important that special precautions be taken in primigravidae with a positive family history who have difficult labours.Haemorrhage should be treated promptly.Ochsner (1947) has stressed the value of leg exercises to prevent thrombosis in recumbent patients, especially when the limbs have been compressed from toes to groin.The treatment of venous thrombosis is not considered here, but mention must be made of the importance of firm elastic support of the affected leg in order to prevent chronic oedema and ulceration later.The patients in the present series had not been treated in this way.Summary A series of 160 patients suffering from leg ulcers following post-partum venous thrombosis are considered and certain aetiological factors determined.The import- ance of intravaginal or intrauterine intervention during or after labour and the importance of haemorrhage are stressed.Inquiries about the family bistory are shown to be useful.It should be possible, by attention to the aetiology of the condition, to do more to prevent it and certainly to foresee when it is likely to occur.It is a pleasure to acknowledge the kindness of Dr. John T. Ingram, of Dr. F. F. Hellier, and of other colleagues and prac- titioners who have referred patients to me.
THE INFLUENCE OF RESECTION OF THE CERVICAL SYMPATHETIC GANGLIA IN GLAUCOMA.
Authors: WILLIAM H. WILDER
Journal: JAMA (1904)

<h3>REPORT OF 61 ADDITIONAL OPERATIONS OF EXCISION OF SUPERIOR CERVICAL SYMPATHETIC GANGLION FOR GLAUCOMA.</h3> Reports of these cases were sent to me through the kindness of the observers in response to the circular letter referred to. Lack of space prevents the publication of many of the details, but these have appeared in the Transactions of the Section on Ophthalmology of the American Medical Association. <h3>JAMES MOORES BALL. THREE CASES OF GLAUCOMA. FOUR OPERATIONS.1</h3> No. 8.—Absolute glaucoma of right. M., aged 36, with R.V.=P. 1. L. V=20/70. T.+3. After right sympathectomy tension fell to +1. Relief from pain for one year. Nos. 9 and 10.—Simple glaucoma of both in woman aged 43. R.V.=0. T.+3. L.V=P.l. T.+. Left sympathectomy, June 15, 1899, was followed by improvement in tension and vision. L. V=F. 5 ft. T.n. Rt. sympathectomy, July 16, 1899, with temporary improvement in vision and tension. R. V.= hand movements. T.+l.
The effects of nifedipine on acute experimental myocardial ischemia and infarction in dogs.
Authors: A P Selwyn, E Welman, K Fox, P Horlock, T Pratt, M Klein
Journal: Circulation Research (1979)

We studied 25 anesthetized and thoracotamized dogs before and during 5 hours of acute regional myocardial ischemia. Krypton-81m (81mKr) was infused constantly into the aortic sinuses. The myocardial equilibrium of this tracer was used to image and assess the distribution of regional myocardial perfusion using a gamma camera and digital computer. The epicardial ECG was recorded, S-T segment elevation and the loss of R and appearance of Q waves were measured, and the plasma activity of creatine kinase (CK) was determined in aortic and coronary venous blood throughout these experiments. Ten dogs underwent left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) narrowing for 5 hours and received no drugs. Five dogs received nifedipine 13 microgram/kg, and another five received 1.0 microgram/kg intravenously 30 minutes after LAD narrowing. Those dogs receiving nifedipine, 13 microgram/kg, showed a 30% fall in aortic pressure, a 12% rise in heart rate, and an extension of regional ischemia. The ECG showed an extension of infarct size, and CK release into the coronary vein appeared earlier than in the controls. Dogs receiving nifedipine, 1 microgram/kg, showed a 12% fall in blood pressure, no rise in heart rate, an improvement in regional perfusion, and ECG signs that suggested limitation of infarct size. There also was delayed release of coronary venous CK. The effects of nifedipine on the natural history of regional myocardial perfusion, the electrocardiogram, and enzyme release from the heart were dose related and cannot be generalized. These observations warrant further clinical investigation to improve the use of this agent in man.
Pooled RCTs: β-blockers reduce mortality in heart failure patients with sinus rhythm but not in those with AF
Authors: Jacob P. Kelly, Adrian F. Hernandez
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

Source Citation Kotecha D, Holmes J, Krum H, et al; Beta-Blockers in Heart Failure Collaborative Group. Efficacy of β blockers in patients with heart failure plus atrial fibrillation: an individual-patient data meta-analysis. Lancet. 2014:20;384:2235-43. 25193873
Mortality among contraceptive pill users: cohort evidence from Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study
Authors: P. C Hannaford, L. Iversen, T. V Macfarlane, A. M Elliott, V. Angus, A. J Lee
Journal: BMJ (2010)

To see if the mortality risk among women who have used oral contraceptives differs from that of never users.Prospective cohort study started in 1968 with mortality data supplied by participating general practitioners, National Health Service central registries, or both.1400 general practices throughout the United Kingdom.46 112 women observed for up to 39 years, resulting in 378 006 woman years of observation among never users of oral contraception and 819 175 among ever users.Directly standardised adjusted relative risks between never and ever users for all cause and cause specific mortality.1747 deaths occurred in never users of oral contraception and 2864 in ever users. Compared with never users, ever users of oral contraception had a significantly lower rate of death from any cause (adjusted relative risk 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.82 to 0.93). They also had significantly lower rates of death from all cancers; large bowel/rectum, uterine body, and ovarian cancer; main gynaecological cancers combined; all circulatory disease; ischaemic heart disease; and all other diseases. They had higher rates of violent deaths. No association between overall mortality and duration of oral contraceptive use was observed, although some disease specific relations were apparent. An increased relative risk of death from any cause between ever users and never users was observed in women aged under 45 years who had stopped using oral contraceptives 5-9 years previously but not in those with more distant use. The estimated absolute reduction in all cause mortality among ever users of oral contraception was 52 per 100 000 woman years.Oral contraception was not associated with an increased long term risk of death in this large UK cohort; indeed, a net benefit was apparent. The balance of risks and benefits, however, may vary globally, depending on patterns of oral contraception usage and background risk of disease.
Demise of Philadelphia General an Instructive Case; Other Cities Treat Public Hospital Ills Differently
Authors: Emily Friedman
Journal: JAMA (1987)

DESPITE THE REMARKABLE staying power of public hospitals, not all have survived. The pattern of closure, however, is complex, especially in cities. Alan Sager, PhD, associate professor, Boston University, conducted a survey of hospital closings in 52 large US cities between 1937 and 1980. Defining a closure as "cessation of acute inpatient services in a hospital within the city boundaries," he found "only three public hospital closures or relocations outside the city between 1937 and 1950." From 1950 to 1959, there were six; from 1960 to 1969, there were three. From 1970 to 1980, however, there were ten. "There was a burst of closings between 1978 and 1982, probably due to recession and economic problems," Sager reports; four more hospitals were shuttered between 1980 and 1983 for a total of 14 in the five-year period. However, there have been no closings among the hospitals in his sample since 1983. Sager
SOME REMARKS ON THE TREATMENT OF DEFORMITIES CAUSED BY THE SCARS OF BURNS: (THE SUBSTANCE OF A CLINICAL LECTURE.)
Authors: R. Quain
Journal: BMJ (1856)

up of the smaller arteries of the foot.Suck cas as this impmss one very snsibly with the serious and grave ne- ty which exists for regarding rheumatism as one of the most complicated and troublesome disea for which the practitioner is consulted in modern times.It is pro- bable that the tunics of arteries consist of tissues not very liable to inflammation; yet the extension of rheumatic dis- ease along a large branch of an artery may set up a state of rheumatic arteritis like that in the present case, little supected hitherto.Out of thirty-one cases of gangrene given recently by Professor Porta, eighteen were due to what he calls metastasis of rheumatism to arterial surfaces and the endocardium.The large external arteries are parti- cularly subject to the disease; but he has not met it, for- tunately, in the carotid, though we fear another case of this 'kind occurred last year also at St. Bartholomew's, where we observed hemiplegia from a clot, distinctly traceable to disease of arteries in the brain, the result of rheumatic en- docarditis.This fibrinous concretion in another very re- markable case, also, during the year, produced complete absence of pulse; and, at the after death examination, the left carotid was much thickened, and vessels like the brachials were changed to thickened impervious cords.
The Helicobacter pylori VacA toxin is a urea permease that promotes urea diffusion across epithelia
Authors: Francesco Tombola, Laura Morbiato, Giuseppe Del Giudice, Rino Rappuoli, Mario Zoratti, Emanuele Papini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Urease and the cytotoxin VacA are two major virulence factors of the human pathogen Helicobacter pylori, which is responsible for severe gastroduodenal diseases. Diffusion of urea, the substrate of urease, into the stomach is critically required for the survival of infecting H. pylori. We now show that VacA increases the transepithelial flux of urea across model epithelia by inducing an unsaturable permeation pathway. This transcellular pathway is selective, as it conducts thiourea, but not glycerol and mannitol, demonstrating that it is not due to a loosening of intercellular junctions. Experiments performed with different cell lines, grown in a nonpolarized state, confirm that VacA permeabilizes the cell plasma membrane to urea. Inhibition studies indicate that transmembrane pores formed by VacA act as passive urea transporters. Thus, their inhibition by the anion channel blocker 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid significantly decreases toxin-induced urea fluxes in both polarized and nonpolarized cells. Moreover, phloretin, a well-known inhibitor of eukaryotic urea transporters, blocks VacA-mediated urea and ion transport and the toxin's main biologic effects. These data show that VacA behaves as a low-pH activated, passive urea transporter potentially capable of permeabilizing the gastric epithelium to urea. This opens the novel possibility that in vivo VacA may favor H. pylori infectivity by optimizing urease activity.
454 microRNA PROFILE MODIFICATIONS IN HEPATITIS C VIRUS-RELATED MIXED CRYOGLOBULINEMIA
Authors: E. Fognani, A. Piluso, L. Gragnani, C. Giannini, P. Caini, M. Monti, J. Ranieri, T. Urraro, E. Triboli, G. Laffi, A.L. Zignego
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Effect of timing of first postnatal care home visit on neonatal mortality in Bangladesh: a observational cohort study
Authors: A. H Baqui, S. Ahmed, S. E. Arifeen, G. L Darmstadt, A. M Rosecrans, I. Mannan, S. M Rahman, N. Begum, A. B A Mahmud, H. R Seraji, E. K Williams, P. J Winch, M. Santosham, R. E Black
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<b>Objective</b> To assess the effect of the timing of first postnatal home visit by community health workers on neonatal mortality. <b>Design</b> Analysis of prospectively collected data using time varying discrete hazard models to estimate hazard ratios for neonatal mortality according to day of first postnatal home visit. <b>Data source</b> Data from a community based trial of neonatal care interventions conducted in Bangladesh during 2004-5. <b>Main outcome measure </b>Neonatal mortality. <b>Results</b> 9211 live births were included. Among infants who survived the first day of life, neonatal mortality was 67% lower in those who received a visit on day one than in those who received no visit (adjusted hazard ratio 0.33, 95% confidence interval 0.23 to 0.46; P&lt;0.001). For those infants who survived the first two days of life, receiving the first visit on the second day was associated with a 64% lower neonatal mortality than in those who did not receive a visit (adjusted hazard ratio 0.36, 0.23 to 0.55; P&lt;0.001). First visits on any day after the second day of life were not associated with reduced mortality. <b>Conclusions</b> In developing countries, especially where home delivery with unskilled attendants is common, postnatal home visits within the first two days of life by trained community health workers can significantly reduce neonatal mortality.
Abstract 4611: Multimodal activation of apoptosis by a hydrocarbon-stapled PUMA BH3 helix.
Authors: Amanda L. Edwards, Evripidis Gavathiotis, James L. LaBelle, Craig R. Braun, Kwadwo Opoku-Nsiah, Gregory H. Bird, Loren D. Walensky
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract The BH3 domain of BCL-2 family proteins is a critical interaction motif that mediates the crosstalk among anti- and pro-death members. We have applied hydrocarbon stapling to restore alpha-helical structure to synthetic BH3 domain peptides, recapitulating the architecture observed in the native context and/or when bound to their physiologic targets. By generating Stabilized Alpha-Helices of BCL-2 domains (SAHBs) modeled after the BID and BIM BH3 domains, we previously detected direct, quantifiable, and functional binding interactions with both anti- and pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins. Like BIM BH3, PUMA BH3 is well known to broadly engage the variety of anti-apoptotic targets. However, the ability of PUMA BH3 to directly bind and activate BAX remains unresolved. Here, we report the synthesis of PUMA SAHB, a structurally-stabilized PUMA BH3 helix that, in addition to targeting the complete spectrum of anti-apoptotic proteins, directly binds to BAX. Structural analysis revealed that PUMA SAHB engages the α1/α6 trigger site of BAX in a manner analogous to the BIM BH3 helix. PUMA SAHB binding triggers functional BAX activation as reflected by dose-responsive and sequence-dependent BAX-mediated liposomal and mitochondrial release. Importantly, biotin-PUMA SAHB and Flag-PUMA protein pull-downs from cellular lysates confirm binding to the corresponding native multidomain anti- and pro-apoptotic targets. As PUMA has been implicated in driving apoptosis of a variety of neuronal cell types, we explored the therapeutic potential of PUMA SAHB activity in the context of neuroblastoma. Treatment of a variety of neuroblastoma cell lines, including SH SY5Y, Kelly and IMR5, induced dose-responsive caspase 3/7 activation and cell death. To confirm the on-target effects of PUMA SAHB, genetically modified cells lacking BAX and BAX were similarly treated, but no caspase 3/7 activation or viability effects were observed. Thus, we find that a stapled PUMA BH3 helix is a dual anti-apoptotic inhibitor and pro-apoptotic direct activator that may serve as an effective pharmacologic trigger of apoptosis in cancers of neural origin. This work was supported by NIH grant R01 CA050239 to L.D.W. and an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship to A.L.E. Citation Format: Amanda L. Edwards, Evripidis Gavathiotis, James L. LaBelle, Craig R. Braun, Kwadwo Opoku-Nsiah, Gregory H. Bird, Loren D. Walensky. Multimodal activation of apoptosis by a hydrocarbon-stapled PUMA BH3 helix. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4611. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4611
Risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome: further change in 1992-3
Authors: C. M H Hiley, C. J Morley
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Table 1 Details of patients undergoing peripheral vascular surgery who sustained perioperative myocardial infarction Infarction Patient's age Operation (class) Time* Associated signs Risk factorst Non-fatal infarction 64 Carotid (elective) 1 Angina, electrocardiographic changes High blood pressure, ischaemic heart disease 78 Femoropopliteal (elective) 1 Silent (electrocardiographic signs of Ischaemic heart disease, smoker, age bundle branch block) 65 Ileofemoral graft and operative 0 Silent (electrocardiographic signs of Ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular sympathectomy (urgent) bundle branch block) accident, diabetes 69 Below knee amputation (urgent) 2 Silent High blood pressure, diabetes 81 Below knee amputation (urgent) 0 Silent Ischaemic heart disease, high blood pressure, cerebrovascular accident, age 66 Abdominal aortic aneurysm 0 Angina, electrocardiographic changes, Perioperative shock, ischaemic heart disease, repair (emergency) bradycardia smoker Fatal Infarctlon 65 Abdominal aortic aneurysm 2 Left ventricular failure, subendocardial Ischaemic heart disease, high blood pressure, repair (elective) myocardial infarction on necropsy cerebrovascular accident 63 Abdominal aortic aneurysm 11 Left ventricular failure, Ischaemic heart disease, high blood pressure, repair (elective) electrocardiographic changes perioperative shock 73 Femoral-femoral crossover (elective) 4 Left ventricular failure, subendocardial Ischaemic heart disease, high blood pressure, myocardial infarction on necropsy age, smoker 71 Ileofemoral graft and operative 4 Angina, electrocardiographic changes lschaemic heart disease, high blood pressure, sympathectomy (urgent) cerebrovascular accident, age 90 Below knee amputation (urgent) 13 Left ventricular failure Ischaemic heart disease, high blood pressure, age 72 Abdominal aortic aneurysm 3 Left ventricular failure, Ischaemic heart disease, perioperative shock, repair (emergency) electrocardiographic changes smoker, age 75 Abdominal aortic aneurysm 0 Cardiogenic shock Ischaemic heart disease, perioperative shock, repair (emergency) age 89 Brachial embolectomy (emergency) 0 Cardiac arrest, transmural myocardial lschaemic heart disease, smoker, age infarction on necropsy *No of days after peripheral vascular surgery.tAge >70 years; high blood pressure; previous transient ischaemic attack or cerebrovascular accident; diabetes; current smoker; perioperative shock; ischaemic heart disease (angina, previous myocardial infarction, or abnormal electrocardiographic results).
Fundholders should form wider partnerships New medical training committee will have more GPs Health minister threatens future of nurses' review body Parliament comments on NHS trusts' financial management
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1995)

# Fundholders should form wider partnerships {#article-title-2}

The NHS Executive is calling for stronger partnerships between health authorities and general practitioners and between these and other agencies within and outside the NHS. In An Accountability Framework for GP Fundholding (EL(95)54), which is the result of consultation on a document issued in December 1994 (BMJ 1994;309:1664), the executive sets out how effective partnerships can be developed.

Through the requirements for general practitioner fundholder management accountability the framework provides a means for health authorities and doctors to work together to implement local strategies for health and service improvements. Health authorities should consult and secure the agreement of all general practitioners and not just fundholders over local plans for community care and eligibility criteria for continuing care.

The framework encourages the involvement of primary health care teams and NHS trusts in practice led purchasing and service planning and it sets out fundholders' requirements to publish key documents and encourages the participation of patients in service planning.

The document sets out the key requirements expected of fundholders. They should prepare an annual practice plan, signal major shifts in purchasing intentions, prepare an annual performance report, and review performance with the health authority within the national framework.

To be accountable to patients and the wider public fundholders should publish information—for example, in the annual practice plan—involve patients in service planning, and ensure an effective complaints system.

To ensure financial accountability fundholders should prepare annual accounts for independent audit, provide monthly information for monitoring by the health authority, secure agreement to proposed use of savings for material or equipment purchases, and state how they …
The profile of mutational clusters associated with lamivudine resistance can be constrained by HBV genotypes
Authors: Valentina Svicher, Caterina Gori, Maria Trignetti, Michela Visca, Valeria Micheli, Martina Bernassola, Romina Salpini, Guido Gubertini, Roberta Longo, Fosca Niero, Francesca Ceccherini-Silberstein, Giuseppe Maria De Sanctis, Alberto Spanò, Giuseppina Cappiello, Carlo Federico Perno
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)