tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Quantitative Significance of Bacteria Visualized in the Unstained Urinary Sediment
Authors: Calvin M. Kunin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

EXAMINATION of uncentrifuged specimens of clean, fresh urine stained by the Gram method1 or of sediment stained with methylene blue2 have proved useful as aids in rapidly establishing the presence of urinary-tract infection. Bacteria are also readily visualized in unstained, routinely prepared urinary sediment. The value of examination of the unstained sediment for bacteria has been long known to urologists who customarily examine fresh specimens of urine. It is therefore surprising to find that only passing reference has been made to the significance of bacteria in sediment in a number of popular clinical textbooks on pathology3 4 5 and in papers concerned . . .
The History of Ophthalmology
Authors: Heinrich König
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Volume 6 of F. C. Blodi's translation of Hirschberg's<i>History of Ophthalmology</i>(11 volumes) has just been published. The previous volumes dealt with such topics as ancient Egypt, Arabian medicine, the renaissance of ophthalmology, and the important achievements of the 18th century. The latest volume covers the first half of the 19th century, with special reference to the contributions of German authors and German schools. Most readers will be familiar with names like Basedow, Kussmaul, Knapp, and Stilling. However, many know little about the medical schools they came from or about the actual history of glaucoma and the elucidations of the pupillary pathways. The translation is again in Blodi's familiar, straightforward style, which gives full weight to the medicopolitical problems of Germany during the first half of the 19th century. Many original texts are reproduced. For example, this volume contains an excerpt from Kussmaul's memoirs, written when he was 77:
Phenomenology and Outcome of Subjects With Early- and Adult-Onset Psychotic Mania
Authors: Gabrielle A. Carlson, Evelyn J. Bromet, Sylvia Sievers
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2000)

OBJECTIVE: This study examined clinical differences between subjects with early-onset and adult-onset psychotic mania. METHOD: Subjects were from an epidemiologically derived, hospitalized sample who met criteria for definite bipolar disorder after 24 months of follow-up and whose index episode had been manic. Information collected regarding demographic characteristics, psychotic and depressive symptoms, childhood behavior problems and school functioning, substance/alcohol use disorders, and episode recurrence for two subgroups were compared: those whose illness first emerged before age 21 (early onset) (N=23) and those whose first episode occurred after age 30 (adult onset) (N=30). RESULTS: A larger proportion of the early-onset subjects were male, had childhood behavior disorders, had substance abuse comorbidity, exhibited paranoia, and experienced complete episode remission less frequently during 24-month follow-up than the adult-onset subjects. CONCLUSIONS: These data add to the body of evidence that has suggested that many subjects with early-onset psychotic mania have a more severe and developmentally complicated subtype of bipolar disorder.
Package Inserts of Drugs —Related Problems
Authors: Arthur Bernstein
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> As a practicing cardiologist and internist I would bring to your attention the plight of the practicing physician faced with the new regulations of the Food and Drug Administration. Everyone is crying for the drug manufacturers and their problems, but nobody seems to remember that the physician has been more affected by these rules and regulations than anybody else. My particular point of concern is with the drug package insert and the huge mass of material it contains in small type. If I were to read to the patient the list of the things he should watch for, and report at once to me, the impact would so frighten him that the drug would lose all its value, even if it could have been effective. More often, he would be too frightened even to take the drug. It would be necessary with most of the drugs that
What is “cognitive accessibility” accessibility to?
Authors: Pierre Jacob
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2007)

Abstract I first argue that some of Block's formulations may misleadingly suggest that the function of mechanisms of so-called cognitive accessibility is to make one aware, not of visible features of the visible world, but of one's own psychological life. I then ask whether Block's view of phenomenology in the present target article is consistent with his endorsement of non-representationalism elsewhere.
Preoperative Consultation Before Cataract Surgery
Authors: Lee A. Fleisher
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology
Authors: Michael B. Brodin
Journal: JAMA (1990)

Nondermatologists fall naturally into two basic groups: those who minimize the importance of cutaneous disease and who try to ignore the skin, and those who do not. This book, the best of its genre, is for the latter, finding its primary niche as a dermatology text for generalists. Being thoroughly familiar with it would allow any physician to care for skin disease with a high degree of proficiency. By unburdening itself of lengthy histopathological descriptions and ponderous explanations of morphogenesis, the book achieves a lean, workmanlike style. Stripping away the esoteric leaves room for that which is more immediately useful. It is like a jeep, solid and reliable, or, perhaps more accurately, a shop manual for a jeep. The authors are not afraid of dispensing anecdotal reports or of generously sprinkling drug trade names when discussing treatment. This lends a feeling of informality and chattiness to the highly readable text.
Points: Recognising placental steroid sulphatase deficiency
Authors: E. H Epstein, R. M Krauss, C. H L Shackleton
Journal: BMJ (1983)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) to high-grade diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), also called Richter’s Syndrome (RS), is a rare cancer with dismal prognosis. Drug discovery for RS is hampered by the lack of suitable experimental models, and effective therapies remain elusive rendering RS an area of high unmet clinical need. We performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) to interrogate paired CLL and RS samples from 17 patients enrolled in a prospective multicenter Phase 2 clinical trial (CHOP-OR) and we found that subclones affected by mutations in MAPK and PI3K pathways show a high expansion probability during transformation. We also demonstrate for the first time that non-coding mutation clusters in a <i>PAX5</i> enhancer, situated 330kb upstream from the transcription initiation site, correlate with transformation. Finally, we confirm our findings by employing targeted DNA sequencing (TGS) and RNA expression profiling on an extended cohort of 38 patients. <h3>Statement of significance</h3> Through integrated analysis of WGS, TGS and RNA expression data, we identified drivers of transformation not previously implicated in RS, which can be targeted therapeutically and tested in the clinic. Our results have informed the design of a new clinical platform study, which is now open to recruitment in the UK.
A STUDY OF BACILLUS BOVISEPTICUS
Authors: F. S. Jones
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1921)

It has been possible to study the cultural characters and certain of the immunological relationships of sixteen strains of Bacillus bovisepticus. The organisms have fallen into three distinct cultural groups. The largest group comprises eight strains, four of them obtained in pure cultures from cases of pneumonia in cows, two others were pure infections in calves, the others were associated with other organisms. This group may be characterized as short, non-motile, Gram-negative, encapsulated rods which fail to produce indole but produce clear zones about the deep colonies in horse blood agar plate cultures. Members of this group produce acid in media containing dextrose, lactose, saccharose, maltose, and mannitol. The final hydrogen ion concentration in dextrose broth lies between pH 6.3 and 6.1. The next largest aggregation comprises six strains. These organisms ferment dextrose and saccharose, but do not attack lactose, maltose, or mannitol. All produce indole. All are soluble in ox and guinea pig bile but none are hemolytic. The other two strains resemble the preceding but attack mannitol in addition to dextrose and saccharose. They produce indole but are not bile-soluble. In the main the immunological relationship has been found to follow cultural grouping. All of Group I are agglutinated by a serum prepared by immunizing a rabbit with a single Group I strain. This serum fails to agglutinate members of other groups. The same holds true with Group II and III sera. In no instance has cross-agglutination between groups taken place.
Staging of biliary atresia at diagnosis by molecular profiling of the liver
Authors: Katie Moyer, Vivek Kaimal, Cristina Pacheco, Reena Mourya, Huan Xu, Pranavkumar Shivakumar, Ranajit Chakraborty, Marepalli Rao, John C Magee, Kevin Bove, Bruce J Aronow, Anil G Jegga, Jorge A Bezerra
Journal: Genome Medicine (2010)

Abstract Background Young age at portoenterostomy has been linked to improved outcome in biliary atresia, but pre-existing biological factors may influence the rate of disease progression. In this study, we aimed to determine whether molecular profiling of the liver identifies stages of disease at diagnosis. Methods We examined liver biopsies from 47 infants with biliary atresia enrolled in a prospective observational study. Biopsies were scored for inflammation and fibrosis, used for gene expression profiles, and tested for association with indicators of disease severity, response to surgery, and survival at 2 years. Results Fourteen of 47 livers displayed predominant histological features of inflammation (N = 9) or fibrosis (N = 5), with the remainder showing similar levels of both simultaneously. By differential profiling of gene expression, the 14 livers had a unique molecular signature containing 150 gene probes. Applying prediction analysis models, the probes classified 29 of the remaining 33 livers into inflammation or fibrosis. Molecular classification into the two groups was validated by the findings of increased hepatic population of lymphocyte subsets or tissue accumulation of matrix substrates. The groups had no association with traditional markers of liver injury or function, response to surgery, or complications of cirrhosis. However, infants with an inflammation signature were younger, while those with a fibrosis signature had decreased transplant-free survival. Conclusions Molecular profiling at diagnosis of biliary atresia uncovers a signature of inflammation or fibrosis in most livers. This signature may relate to staging of disease at diagnosis and has implications to clinical outcomes.
Occurrence of arsenic in plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), nature of organo-arsenic compound present and its excretion by man.
Authors: J B Luten, G Riekwel-Booy, A Rauchbaar
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1982)

The arsenic content in 255 samples of plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) varied between 3 and 166 mg/kg. About 65% of the samples had an arsenic content above 10 mg/kg. High (low) arsenic concentration in the fillet corresponds with a high (low) concentration in milt or roe. An excretion experiment with eight human volunteers showed that after the consumption of plaice, 69-85% of the ingested arsenic was excreted in the urine within five days. The organo-arsenic compound present in plaice was isolated by means of extraction, ion-exchange and thin-layer chromatography. Field desorption mass spectrometry of the isolate showed that arsenic was present as arsenobetaine, (CH3)3AsCH2C00-.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations and Their Correlation with Gefitinib Therapy in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis Based on Updated Individual Patient Data from Six Medical Centers in Mainland China
Authors: Yi-Long Wu, Wen-Zhao Zhong, Long-Yun Li, Xiao-Tong Zhang, Li Zhang, Cai-Cun Zhou, Wei Liu, Bin Jiang, Xin-Lin Mu, Jia-Ying Lin, Qing Zhou, Chong-Rui Xu, Zhen Wang, Guo-Chun Zhang, Tony Mok
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Random Point Mutations with Major Effects on Protein-Coding Genes Are the Driving Force behind Premature Aging in mtDNA Mutator Mice
Authors: Daniel Edgar, Irina Shabalina, Yolanda Camara, Anna Wredenberg, Maria Antonietta Calvaruso, Leo Nijtmans, Jan Nedergaard, Barbara Cannon, Nils-Göran Larsson, Aleksandra Trifunovic
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2009)
Effect of Sweating
Authors: Ward Dean
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Regarding the article "Losing Weight Through Exercise" (1980;244:377), in the authors' disparagement of "effortless weight reduction" by methods that cause increased water loss, they make the often repeated misleading statement that "body weight may be temporarily reduced until rehydration occurs." This implies that there is no caloric consumption involved in the water loss. The same statement could be made for the weight loss incurred by a marathon runner during a race and his subsequent "weight gain" after rehydration. The fact overlooked by most people who attempt to debunk saunas and other devices that cause enhanced sweating is that the water does not just "leak out" of the body. Sweating is a part of the complex thermoregulatory process of the body involving substantial increases in heart rate, cardiac output,<sup>1,2</sup>and metabolic rate,<sup>3-4</sup>and consumes considerable energy. In a sauna, heat is absorbed by the subject from
IGF2 Preserves Osteosarcoma Cell Survival by Creating an Autophagic State of Dormancy That Protects Cells against Chemotherapeutic Stress
Authors: Takatsune Shimizu, Eiji Sugihara, Sayaka Yamaguchi-Iwai, Sakura Tamaki, Yuko Koyama, Walied Kamel, Arisa Ueki, Tomoki Ishikawa, Tatsuyuki Chiyoda, Satoru Osuka, Nobuyuki Onishi, Hiroko Ikeda, Junzo Kamei, Koichi Matsuo, Yumi Fukuchi, Toshihiro Nagai, Junya Toguchida, Yoshiaki Toyama, Akihiro Muto, Hideyuki Saya
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents characterized by intrinsic therapeutic resistance. The IGF2 is expressed at elevated levels in osteosarcoma after treatment with chemotherapy, prompting an examination of its functional contributions to resistance. We found that continuous exposure to IGF2 or insulin in the absence of serum created a dormant growth state in osteosarcoma cells that conferred resistance to various chemotherapeutic drugs in vitro. Mechanistic investigations revealed that this dormant state correlated with downregulation of downstream signaling by the IGF1 receptor, heightened cell survival, enhanced autophagy, and the presence of extracellular glutamine. Notably, inhibiting autophagy or depleting glutamine was sufficient to increase chemotherapeutic sensitivity in osteosarcoma xenografts in mice. Clinically, we confirmed that IGF expression levels were elevated in human osteosarcoma specimens from patients who received chemotherapy. Together, our results suggest that activation of IGF or insulin signaling preserves the survival of osteosarcoma cells under chemotherapeutic stress, providing a drug-resistant population that may engender minimal residual disease. Attenuating this survival mechanism may help overcome therapeutic resistance in osteosarcoma.
456 Phylogenetic, virological and clinical characteristics of genotype C hepatitis B virus with TCC at codon 15 of the precore region
Authors: H.L.Y. Chan, C.H. Tse, E.Y.T. Ng, K.S. Leung, K.H. Leeg, S.K.W. Tsui, J.J.Y. Sung
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Detection of Neisseria meningitidis DNA from skin lesion biopsy using real-time PCR: usefulness in the aetiological diagnosis of purpura fulminans
Authors: Pierre Staquet, Ludovic Lemee, Eva Verdier, Guy Bonmarchand, Vincent Laudenbach, Christine Michel, Jean-Francois Lemeland, Stephane Marret, Thierry Blanc
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2007)
Vascular Abnormalities and Elevated Blood Pressure in Mice Lacking Adrenomedullin Gene
Authors: Takayuki Shindo, Yukiko Kurihara, Hiroaki Nishimatsu, Nobuo Moriyama, Masao Kakoki, Yuhui Wang, Yasushi Imai, Aya Ebihara, Tomoyuki Kuwaki, Ki-Hwan Ju, Naoto Minamino, Kenji Kangawa, Takatoshi Ishikawa, Minoru Fukuda, Yoshihiro Akimoto, Hayato Kawakami, Tomihiko Imai, Hiroyuki Morita, Yoshio Yazaki, Ryozo Nagai, Yasunobu Hirata, Hiroki Kurihara
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a vasodilating peptide involved in the regulation of circulatory homeostasis and in the pathophysiology of certain cardiovascular diseases. Levels of AM are markedly increased in the fetoplacental circulation during pregnancy, although its function there remains unknown. To clarify the physiological functions of AM, we chose a gene-targeting strategy in mice.Targeted null mutation of the AM gene is lethal in utero: the mortality rate among AM(-/-) embryos was >80% at E13.5. The most apparent abnormality in surviving AM(-/-) embryos at E13.5 to E14.0 was severe hemorrhage, readily observable under the skin and in visceral organs. Hemorrhage was not detectable at E12.5 to E13.0, although the yolk sac lacked well-developed vessels. Electron microscopic examination showed endothelial cells to be partially detached from the basement structure at E12.5 in vitelline vessels and hepatic capillaries, which allowed efflux of protoerythrocytes through the disrupted barrier. The basement membrane was not clearly recognizable in the aorta and cervical artery, and the endothelial cells stood out from the wall of the lumen, only partially adhering to the basement structure. AM(+/-) mice survived to adulthood but exhibited elevated blood pressures with diminished nitric oxide production.AM is indispensable for the vascular morphogenesis during embryonic development and for postnatal regulation of blood pressure by stimulating nitric oxide production.
It All Adds Up over Time: Cumulative Lead Exposure and Cognition in Older Women
Authors: David J. Tenenbaum
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Several epidemiologic studies have suggested an association between childhood asthma and exposure to disinfection by-products (DBPs) in the swimming pool environment.In August 2007 a group of clinicians, epidemiologists, exposure scientists, pool operations experts, and analytical chemists met to discuss the literature on childhood asthma and swimming pools, and to develop recommendations for future research.In a review based on the results of that workshop, the authors state that current evidence, while suggestive, is inconclusive for an association with childhood asthma, and they point to several substantial data gaps that must be filled [EHP 117:500-507; Weisel et al.].The authors articulate several variables that must be measured in more detail to properly characterize inhalation exposure to chemicals A number of variables still must be studied in greater detail to better characterize exposure to pool-related chemicals. It All Adds Up over TimeCumulative Lead Exposure and Cognition in Older Women
A CASE OF TOTAL BLINDNESS; POSSIBLY DUE TO AN OVERDOSE OF QUININ.
Authors: H. BERT. ELLIS
Journal: JAMA (1896)

August 8, 1895, I was called to J. W., a man 34 years old. After repeated questioning of the patient and his sister, the following disconnected, incomplete and probably somewhat inaccurate history was elicited: The young man was an accountant in the employ of one of the Texas railroads and had been with them for years, although for some time he had been an opium, whisky and tobacco habitué. The first habit he had contracted as a result of the use of opium during an attack of dysentery. Four years ago, he had gone to an institute and had been cured of these habits, but quickly lapsed into them again, excepting that he never renewed the use of tobacco. I was unable to find out definitely the amount of morphin and whisky that he used daily. His own statement was to the effect that he had been taking about 7
Protein kinases in normal human blood cells
Authors: Françoise Phan Dinh Tuy, Joëlle Henry, Claude Rosenfeld, Axel Kahn
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

Abstract Protein kinases active on basic and acidic artificial substrates were investigated in normal human erythrocytes, platelets, polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells. These two types of protein kinases were partially purified by affinity chromatography, then assayed for their enzymatic activity using [γ‐ 32 P] ATP or GTP as phosphoryl donor. Partially purified kinases active on acidic substrates were subjected to high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Protein kinases active on basic sustrates were analyzed by cellulose acetate electrophoresis of crude cellular extracts and the influence of 3′5′ cyclic AMP was studied. Three forms of casein‐phosvitin kinases could be distinguished according to their molecular weight (165 K, 38 K, and 31 K). The 165 K species, in contrast to the light species, can use GTP instead of ATP as phosphoryl donor and corresponds to the “so‐called” casein kinase 2. This form is very sensitive to proteolysis and, when partial purification is performed without the addition of various antiproteolytic agents, it is degraded into 120–135 K and 105–115 K active species; this artefactual degradative process is especially active in platelet extracts. As many as eight different active bands of histone and protamine kinases can be separated by cellulose acetate electrophoresis, several of them being stimulated by cyclic AMP. Isozymic patterns of protein kinases, levels of activity on the different substrates, and utilization of ATP and GTP were found to be specific for each cell type. These results suggest the possibility of using protein kinases as markers for cell differentiation.