tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Coin Rubbing and Related Folk Medicine
Authors: Richard Seigle
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To the Editor.—  The article on cao gio (coin rubbing) was of interest, since I have encountered a similar form of bruising in traditional folk medicine on the Navajo Indian reservation.  One of the practices by Navajo medicine men is literally to suck out problems the patient may have (eg, gallstones and headaches). Using the mouth in this way causes annular ecchymotic areas over the parts of the body where the patient is treated (eg, abdomen, neck, and arms).  Our physicians are oriented to be supportive of traditional healing methods if they are performed in addition to modern medical practice. In cases where patients must stay in the hospital, they are encouraged to have the medicine man perform a ceremony in the hospital room.  Medical care provided by the Indian Health Service is free, while that offered by the medicine man is for a fee, either money or goods. For
Variability in the analysis of coronary arteriograms.
Authors: T A DeRouen, J A Murray, W Owen
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Variability in coronary arteriogram readings was studied by having cine films from ten patients read by eleven readers. Three of the eleven subsequently met as an expert panel to provide a joint evaluation which could serve as a standard. Considerable variability was found between individual readers and between readers and the panel. The average standard deviation for estimation of any segmental stenosis by any single reader was 18%. Disagreement about the number of major vessels with a 70% stenosis occurred 31% of the time. Discrepancies were most likely to occur in analyzing distal arterial segments, in reading nonopacified segments, and during analysis of films showing more severe disease or having poorer technical quality. Recent experience in reading arteriograms seemed to be the most important characteristic in determining the accuracy of a reader. A protocol for the use of three readers is suggested.
BI-06 * ATRX LOSS IN CHINESE ADULT DIFFUSE ASTROCYTOMAS CORRELATES WITH IDH1 AND TP53 MUTATION AND PREDICTS BETTER OUTCOME IN TP53 MUTATED PATIENTS
Authors: Q. Chang, L. Shao, Y. Pan, X. Qi
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

The mutation or loss of the ATRX gene was documented in World Health Organization grade 2 to 4 astrocytic tumors and might indicate better prognosis in anaplastic astrocytomas. Astrocytomas with mutation/loss of ATRX also frequently had mutations in IDH1 and TP53. However, the relationships among ATRX alterations, TP53 and IDH1 mutations, as well as MGMT hypermethylation in Chinese adult astrocytomas, as well as their prognosis value are not yet well understood. In this study, we explored potential links between ATRX, MGMT, IDH1 and TP53 in 160 adult astrocytic tumors from Chinese patients. We also investigated the prognosis value of ATRX status, with or without TP53, IDH1 and MGMT alterations. Our results showed that loss of ATRX expression was detected in 18.1% of tumors by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and showed a distinct age dependence. The alterations occurred far less frequently in primary glioblastoma than in grade 2, 3 astrocytomas and grade 4 secondary glioblastoma (p = 0.0002). Nuclei accumulation of TP53 protein was identified in 32.9% (24/73) cases by IHC. Methylation specific polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that 59.8% of the astrocytomas (55/92) harbored hypermethylated MGMT. Direct sequencing and/or IHC analysis of IDH1 demonstrated that 27.7% of astrocytomas (44/159) carried the IDH1R132H mutation. In addition, ATRX loss was observed much more frequently in astrocytic tumors with mutations of IDH1 and TP53 than in tumors expressing wild-type IDH1 (p < 0.0001) and TP53 (p = 0.0007), respectively. Survival analysis revealed TP53 mutated patients carrying ATRX loss had a significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) than those with wild-type ATRX. In conclusions our data show that loss of ATRX expression is closely linked with IDH1 and TP53 mutation. Furthermore, ATRX loss predicts better clinical outcome in astrocytic tumors carrying mutated TP53. These results lead to a more detailed molecular classification of astrocytomas and improved prediction of patient outcome.
Infection, Thyroid Disease, and Autoimmunity*
Authors: YARON TOMER, TERRY F. DAVIES
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1993)

TRADITIONALLY, it was assumed that infectious agents induced disease by causing direct tissue damage (for example via secretion of exotoxins and endotoxins). However, we now know only too well that infectious agents play a role in the induction of noninfectious consequences, including malignancies (for example Ebstein Barr virus and Burkitt's lymphoma, HTLV-1, and adult T cell leukemia), acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (human immunodeficiency virus), peptic ulcer (Helicobacter pylori), and autoimmune diseases. Infectious agents have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of autoimmune diatheses, namely, rheumatic fever, Reiter's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), myasthenia gravis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Sjogren's syndrome, and the autoimmune thyroid diseases. This review examines the pertinent data relating to the possible role of infecting organisms in the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), with an emphasis on human disease, focusing on the mechanisms by which infection could trigger Graves' disease and other thyroiditides. It must be remembered, however, that the role of infection in precipitating human AITD remains purely hypothetical and that precipitating factors may not be either infectious or external.
Family Background and Sexual Abuse Associated with Somatization
Authors: J.F. Kinzl, Ch. Traweger, W. Biebl
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1995)

To help clarify the complex association between negative childhood experiences and somatization, the authors examined the possible relationship between self-reported childhood sexual abuse, dysfunctional family background and several types of somatization in a nonclinical sample. Three anonymous questionnaires were completed by 202 female university students (average age 22 years). The findings confirm that severe or repeated childhood sexual victimization and a familial deficiency syndrome in childhood may be important in the pathogenesis of somatization.
Are Changes in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Midlife Women Due to Chronological Aging or to the Menopausal Transition?
Authors: Karen A. Matthews, Sybil L. Crawford, Claudia U. Chae, Susan A. Everson-Rose, Mary Fran Sowers, Barbara Sternfeld, Kim Sutton-Tyrrell
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2009)
Geranylgeranylacetone ameliorates ischemic acute renal failure via induction of Hsp70
Authors: Satoshi Suzuki, Shoichi Maruyama, Waichi Sato, Yoshiki Morita, Fumihiko Sato, Yusuke Miki, Sawako Kato, Masahisa Katsuno, Gen Sobue, Yukio Yuzawa, Seiichi Matsuo
Journal: Kidney International (2005)
METHOD OF TYING A SQUARE KNOT
Authors: F. G. Meynen
Journal: JAMA (1925)

The method presented here of tying a square knot will be found to excel all ordinary methods and most, if not all, of the "trick" ones for the following reasons: It is rapid. It cannot fail to tie "square." Only one hand (the right) is directly used. At no time is it necessary to drop either end of the suture—each maneuver leading naturally into the succeeding one without rearranging the grasp. It is adaptable to all purposes and positions. It is simple and easy when the knack is acquired. It is essential to remember that the long end (if there is a choice) should always be grasped by the left hand. In the drawings, for the sake of simplicity, the long end is left free without indicating the left hand. Assuming that the long end comes out of the wound on the far side from the surgeon about to tie
Atlas of Otorhinolaryngology and Bronchoesophagology
Authors: Charles M. Norris
Journal: JAMA (1969)

This is undoubtedly the most ambitious and comprehensive work of its kind ever attempted. Among its unique features, aside from the great variety of conditions represented, are the exceptionally high quality of the photographic material and the correlation, in many cases, with relevant clinical, roentgenographic, and laboratory findings. Included are sections on the auricle, external auditory canal, middle ear and mastoid, face and external nose, inner nose and sinuses, lips, oral cavity and soft palate, tongue and floor of mouth, mesopharynx, epipharynx and choanae, salivary glands, neck, larynx, tracheobronchial tree, and esophagus. The otolaryngologist and bronchoesophagologist depend, to a greater degree than other specialists, on interpretation of the visual image. Thus there is great satisfaction in finding a single volume which documents multiple examples of uncommon as well as the common diseases. The 1,258 illustrations include 774 beautifully reproduced in color, many of which were made with the Holinger-Brubaker endoscopic
Multicentre, Short-term Therapeutic Trial of Disodium Cromoglycate, With and Without Prednisone, in Adults with Asthma
Authors: T. Gebbie, E. A. Harris, T. V. O'Donnell, G. F. S. Spears
Journal: BMJ (1972)

A total of 117 asthmatic patients were studied in a double-blind, cross-over trial with half-periods of three weeks in which disodium cromoglycate (D.S.C.G.) was compared with an inactive preparation. D.S.C.G. improved spirometric measurements, at a very high level of statistical significance, more than did placebo. The mean advantage of D.S.C.G. was less than 10% after three weeks. Symptomatic improvement by D.S.C.G. was small though significant; it was not correlated with spirometric improvement. A history of chronic cough was the only clinical characteristic associated with a better-than-average spirometric response to D.S.C.G.
Throat Swabbing in Epiglottitis
Authors: Mark Rabinowitz
Journal: JAMA (1978)

To the Editor.—  I appreciated the concise presentation on handling a common problem, A Management Strategy for Sore Throat by Anthony L. Komaroff, MD (239:1429, 1978).  It is important to note, however, that swabbing the epiglottis is contraindicated in a child with epiglottitis (especially if the agent is Haemophilus influenzae ) because of reflex laryngospasm and death by suffocation. The patient should be carefully observed and treated, for death may result from suffocation even without the precipitating manipulations of the swab.
Women Leaders in Medicine
Authors: Everett R. Spencer
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> We note that inThe Journal(<b>199</b>, Jan 2, 1967, adv p 9) you feature the election of Dr. Sturgis as the first woman president-elect of the Philadelphia County Medical Society in its 118-year history, as "another first on the distaff side of AMA activities." Back in 1872, the members of the Massachusetts Medical Society began consideration of whether or not women should be admitted to membership in the society even though the charter did not restrict membership to specified sex or color. The problem was finally resolved ten years later when the society voted that "well-qualified women be admitted to fellowship on the same terms as men." In reviewing the history of the ten-year debate a society historian in 1923 wrote, "Since that time the subject has not been revived, women have become fellows of the Society in ordinary course, and we marvel that there could
Railway Medical Officers' Union
Authors: G. H. Broadbent
Journal: BMJ (1899)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing worldwide, which could lead to a set of chronic and metabolic diseases. Physical activity is a modifiable factor for obesity, which was reported to be correlated with the built environment. However, the effects of the built environment on physical activity are not consistent. Walkability is a convenient way to assess the built environment. We aim to prospectively explore the relationship among walkability, physical activity and obesity in Chinese participants in Chongqing, a hilly city and provide evidence for future urban planning. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> Participants will be recruited from people who receive health examination in the Health Management Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital to Army Medical University. Exposure variables are WalkScores calculated within the areas around workplace and residential addresses of participants. The primary outcomes are body mass index measured through health examination at baseline and follow-ups, and daily walking steps recorded by WeChat mini application for 30 days after every time of health examination. Other health-related data of the participants will also be collected. Multivariate regression analysis will be performed to examine the relationship between exposure variables and outcomes. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> The Protocol is approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital to Army Medical University (KY201839). The results will be actively disseminated through peer-review journals and conference publications. <h3>Registration number</h3> Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1800017680).
Plasma High-Density Lipoproteins
Authors: Alan R. Tall, Donald M. Small
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

WHY all the recent excitement about highdensity lipoproteins (HDL)? Because of the strong inverse relation between plasma levels of HDL and mortality from cardiovascular disease.1,2 Increased serum levels of HDL protect against atherosclerosis, and decreased levels predispose to it.3 In this review, we discuss the measurement and normal levels of HDL, their chemical composition, the properties of the molecules making up HDL and our view of the structure of different HDL particles. The present evidence suggests that HDL or its precursors are produced by both the intestine and the liver. Further-more, HDL precursors are both directly secreted into plasma . . .
One hospitality worker a week dies from passive smoking, study shows
Authors: Rebecca Coombes
Journal: BMJ (2004)

One employee a week in the UK hospitality industry dies from passive smoking at work, according to new estimates.

Professor Konrad Jamrozik of Imperial College, London, calculated the figure from the number of employees in the industry, their exposure to tobacco smoke, and their likely risk of dying as a result.

He worked on the basis that for a worker in a bar or restaurant exposure to secondhand smoke is three times higher than the average non-smoker who is married to a smoker. “Passive smoking at work kills almost twice as many as exposure at home,” he concluded.

He also estimated that environmental tobacco smoke in the workplace generally causes about 700 deaths a year in …
Specific uptake of radioiodinated fragment E1 by venous thrombi in pigs.
Authors: L C Knight, S A Olexa, L S Malmud, A Z Budzynski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Fragment E1, a product of plasmic digestion of cross-linked fibrin, binds specifically in vitro to polymerized fibrin but not to fibrinogen. Purified human Fragment E1 was radiolabeled with 125I or 131I by the Iodogen technique. The uptake of radioiodinated Fragment E1 in vitro into forming or preformed clots was demonstrated. Animal biodistribution studies of radioiodinated Fragment E1 showed its rapid removal from the circulation; radioactive catabolites did not reside long in any organ and were excreted in the urine. The uptake in vivo was evaluated in pigs with preexisting venous thrombi of various ages from 1 h up to 5 d at the time of intravenous systemic injection of the tracer. Radioiodinated fibrinogen was also injected into the same animals to compare the uptake of the two tracers. Thrombus-to-blood ratios for Fragment E1 averaged 43:1 (range 10-108) and 29:1 (range 8-107) in thrombi 1-6 h and 1-5 d old, respectively. In contrast, mean thrombus-to-blood ratios for fibrinogen were, in the same time intervals, 26:1 (range 17-41) and 2:1 (range 0.5-3.9), respectively. It is concluded that radioiodinated Fragment E1 is a specific marker of thrombi in vivo: its uptake by fresh thrombi is better than that of labeled fibrinogen and, in contrast to radioiodinated fibrinogen, this fragment is incorporated into old thrombi as well.
THE CORNELL MEDICAL INDEX-HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE VII: THE PREDICTION OF PSYCHOSOMATIC AND PSYCHIATRIC DISABILITIES IN ARMY TRAINING
Authors: KEEVE BRODMAN, ALBERT J. ERDMANN, IRVING LORGE, JEROME DEUTSCHBERGER, HAROLD G. WOLFF
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1954)

Data were collected with a medical questionnaire, the Cornell Medical Index-Health Questionnaire, from men undergoing preinduction examination. Analyses of these data suggest that the Health Questionnaire is a suitable instrument for identifying many of the men who will later serve inadequately during the first 4 months of army training.
MEETINGS OF RUSSIAN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SOCIETIES
Authors: S. Grekow
Journal: JAMA (1922)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The Russian Pirogoff Surgical Society of Petrograd has announced that the Fifteenth Russian Surgical Congress will take place in September, 1922. The organization committee consists of the council of the society: president, Professor Grekow; vice president, Professor Oppel; treasurer, Professor Tanowsky; secretaries, Dozent Melnikoff and Dozent Lissizyn, in collaboration with members of the surgical society: Professor Turner, Professor Wreden, Professor Schewkunenko, Professor Rokitzky, Professor Poljenoff, Professor Girgolaff, Professor Schaack, Professor Dshanelidze, Professor Cholzoff, Dozent Smirnoff, Dozent Hesse, Dr. Petraschewskaja and Dr. Manniloff. The leading subjects brought forward for discussion in joint sessions with the congress of medicine, set for the same time, are: Anatomy and pathology of the vascular system: "The Architecture of the Blood Vessels," Professor Schewkunenko; "Functional Changes in Blood Vessels of Isolated Organs in Different Diseases," Professor Krawkoff; "Pathology of the Arterial Wall," Professor Antischkoff; "Pathology of the Vascular Tonus," Professor Lang; "The Peripheral
Phylogenetic reconstruction of vertebrate Hox cluster duplications
Authors: W. J. Bailey, J. Kim, G. P. Wagner, F. H. Ruddle
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (1997)

In vertebrates and the cephalochordate, amphioxus, the closest vertebrate relative, Hox genes are linked in a single cluster. Accompanying the emergence of higher vertebrates, the Hox gene cluster duplicated in either a single step or multiple steps, resulting in the four-cluster state present in teleosts and tetrapods. Mammalian Hox clusters (designated A, B, C, and D) extend over 100 kb and are located on four different chromosomes. Reconstructing the history of the duplications and its relation to vertebrate evolution has been problematic due to the lack of alignable sequence information. In this study, the problem was approached by conducting a statistical analysis of sequences from the fibrillar-type collagens (I, II, III, and IV), genes closely linked to each Hox cluster which likely share the same duplication history as the Hox genes. We find statistical support for the hypothesis that the cluster duplication occurred as multiple distinct events and that the four-cluster situation arose by a three-step sequential process.
Autonomic Neuropathy in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: P. H. Bennett, J. T. Scott
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1965)

Although abundant structural plasticity in the form of axonal retraction, neurite extension, and formation of presynaptic varicosities is displayed by photoreceptors after retinal detachment and during genetic and age-related retinal degeneration, the mechanisms involved are mostly unknown. We demonstrated recently that Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx through cGMP-gated channels in cones and voltage-gated L-type channels in rods is required for neurite extension <i>in vitro</i> (Zhang and Townes-Anderson, 2002). Here, we report that the nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP signaling pathway is active in photoreceptors and that its manipulation differentially regulates the structural plasticity of cone and rod cells. The NO receptor soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) was detected immunocytochemically in both cone and rod cells. Stimulation of sGC increased cGMP production in retinal cultures. In cone cells, quantitative analysis showed that NO or cGMP stimulated neuritic sprouting; this stimulatory effect was dependent on both Ca<sup>2+</sup> influx through cGMP-gated channels and phosphorylation by protein kinase G (PKG). At the highest levels of cGMP, however, cone outgrowth was no longer increased. In rod photoreceptors, NO or cGMP consistently inhibited neuritic growth in a dose-dependent manner; this inhibitory effect required PKG. When NO-cGMP signaling was inhibited, changes in the neuritic development of cone and rod cells were also observed but in the opposite direction. These results expand the role of cGMP in axonal activity to adult neuritogenesis and suggest an explanation for the neurite sprouting observed in an autosomal recessive form of retinitis pigmentosa that is characterized by high cGMP levels in photoreceptor layers.
Diverticular Disease and Pelvic Phleboliths in Mayan Indians
Authors: Stanley P. Bohrer
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To the Editor.—  The prevalences of diverticular disease of the colon and pelvic phleboliths have been studied in a population of Mayan Indians in the western highlands of Guatemala in Central America. Both of these conditions have been related to diet and Western culture. Although the Mayan Indians intermarried with descendants from Spanish settlers, this community has been little influenced in diet or life-style by impact with Western culture.  Although more than 200 barium enema examinations are performed annually, the Radiological Teaching Collection at the Hospital General de Occidente possesses only five examples of colonic diverticula collected over a ten-year period. A retrospective review of 100 barium enema films in adults showed only a single diverticulum in the transverse colon and none in the pelvic colon.  The frequency of pelvic phleboliths was estimated in a prospective study of 132 consecutive patients having plain abdominal films, 69 male and 63 female,