tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hormone replacement for men
Authors: M. E Weksler
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Some journalists, some patients, and some doctors believe that dehydroepiandosterone (DHEA) is the fountain of youth in a bottle. Most members of the biomedical community remain sceptical. The recent publication of a report of a conference at the New York Academy of Science has provided a collection of studies relating the hormone to the disabilities and diseases of aging.1 Many of the clinicians and investigators attending the conference had more than a scientific interest in the subject—as many as a quarter of them were thought to be taking DHEA.2

DHEA is produced by the adrenal gland and circulates largely as its water soluble sulphate. Molecule for molecule, it reaches a serum concentration 10 times that of any other steroid hormone in young men, but between the ages of 35 and 70 the concentration falls to 20% of its peak value. Within populations, serum values show great variation,3 and in the only published longitudinal study 15 of 97 men actually showed an increase in their serum DHEA over the 15 years of observation.4 Little is known of DHEA's physiological functions, though it may serve as a precursor of both testosterone and oestradiol. However, epidemiological studies have indicated that a low serum concentration of DHEA is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in men over 50 years of age5 and of breast cancer in premenopausal women.6

The mass media have simplified the issues, which they have presented as making four points. Firstly, the secretion of DHEA declines with age; secondly, this decline is associated with an increasing frequency of disability and disease, …
The TLR9-MyD88 pathway is critical for adaptive immune responses to adeno-associated virus gene therapy vectors in mice
Authors: Jiangao Zhu, Xiaopei Huang, Yiping Yang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) have been used widely for in vivo gene therapy. However, adaptive immune responses to AAV have posed a significant hurdle in clinical application of AAV vectors. Recent advances have suggested a crucial role for innate immunity in shaping adaptive immune responses. How AAV activates innate immunity, and thereby promotes AAV-targeted adaptive immune responses, remains unknown. Here we show that AAV activates mouse plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) via TLR9 to produce type I IFNs. In vivo, the TLR9-MyD88 pathway was crucial to the activation of CD8+ T cell responses to both the transgene product and the AAV capsid, leading to loss of transgene expression and the generation of transgene product-specific and AAV-neutralizing antibodies. We further demonstrate that TLR9-dependent activation of adaptive immunity targeting AAV was mediated by type I IFNs and that human pDCs could be activated in vitro to induce type I IFN production via TLR9. These results reveal an essential role for the TLR9-MyD88-type I IFN pathway in induction of adaptive immune responses to AAV and suggest that strategies that interfere with this pathway may improve the outcome of AAV-mediated gene therapy in humans.
Crying and tears mimic the neonate
Authors: Frans L. Roes
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

This commentator has no argument with the explanations given by Soltis. Yet a different approach to the phenomenon of crying might be fruitful. Neonates elicit care. It is hypothesized that non-neonates evolved to mimic, when in need, the appearance of the neonate by crying and by shedding tears, thus inducing helping behavior by the spectator.
Isolated epiphyseal chondrocyte allografts into joint surfaces. An experimental study in rabbits.
Authors: G Bentley, A U Smith, R Mukerjhee
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1978)

Isolated epiphyseal chondrocytes from 5 week old female New Zealand white rabbits were transplanted as allografts into drill holes in the tibial articular surface of adult male New Zealand white rabbits. The grafts were examined after 8 weeks. Fresh chondrocytes which were partially separated from their matrix were more successful (47%) than completely separated cells (20%) and were significantly more successful (P greater than 0.05) in skeletally mature (58%) as opposed to immature recipients (20%). Storage of the cells at -79 degrees C for 2 to 9 days or at -196 degrees C for 36 to 58 weeks gave successful results of 23% and 33%, respectively. Control defects showed fibrocartilage filling the defect in 25%. The factors affecting survival of chondrocyte allografts require further study before clinical application of the method.
The Transmission of HTLV-III
Authors: Harold Sanford Kant
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  A possible explanation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in heterosexual males that I have not seen discussed is suggested by the data reported (among other places) in the June 21 issue ofThe Journal. 1 Since there is no evidence reported that the female prostitutes servicing the American military in West Germany themselves had AIDS, it is possible that the disease was in fact acquired from infected sperm of a prior customer of the prostitute that remained alive in the vaginal canal—a sort of quasihomosexual contact. This possibility would be increased in circumstances such as those from which the data were drawn—members of the military having intercourse with local prostitutes. It is not unlikely that these prostitutes (1) had multiple partners during a very short period and (2) performed no more than perfunctory external cleansing between customers.  This would heighten the possibility that a male customer came in
143 EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF INCREASING DOSES OF THE CYCLOPHILIN INHIBITOR DEBIO 025 IN COMBINATION WITH PEGYLATED INTERFERON ALPHA-2A IN TREATMENT NAIVE CHRONIC HCV PATIENTS
Authors: R. Flisiak, S.V. Feinman, M. Jablkowski, A. Horban, W. Kryczka, W. Halota, J.E. Heathcote, G. Mazzella, C. Vandelli, J.S. Liz, R. Crabbé, P. Scalfaro, H. Porchet
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Intraosseous Ganglion
Authors: MOHANLAL C. MAKHIJA, ANGELO J. LOPANO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

Intraosseous ganglia are benign cystic lesions of bone located in close relationship to the articular cartilage. The typical location and roentgenographic appearance of this lesion should permit a diagnosis of this entity which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of benign lesions of bone. Appearance of this lesion on a bone scan is shown in this case report.
Anticoagulants (Thrombin Inhibitors) and Aspirin Synergize With P2Y <sub>12</sub> Receptor Antagonism in Thrombosis
Authors: Patrick André, Thomas LaRocca, Suzanne M. Delaney, Pei Hua Lin, Diana Vincent, Uma Sinha, Pamela B. Conley, David R. Phillips
Journal: Circulation (2003)

This study was designed to determine whether (1) P2Y12 antagonism synergizes with other antithrombotics and (2) anticoagulants (thrombin inhibitors) affect the antithrombotic activity elicited by P2Y12 antagonism.Thrombosis was achieved by perfusion of human and murine blood through type III collagen-coated capillaries at arterial shear rate. CT50547, a direct-acting P2Y12 antagonist, inhibited thrombosis in PPACK- but not heparin-anticoagulated human blood. In contrast, CT50547 inhibited thrombosis in aspirin-treated individuals independently of the anticoagulant. Thrombin and TXA2 also synergized with P2Y12 in the absence of anticoagulation, because combined treatment of aspirin or C921-78 (a factor Xa inhibitor) with CT50547 or 2-MeSAMP (a P2Y12 antagonist) inhibited the thrombotic process, whereas all treatments failed to inhibit thrombosis when used individually. Synergism was also observed ex vivo when P2Y12-deficient (P2Y12-/-) mice were administered aspirin or coagulation inhibitors (C921-78 and bivalirudin). Finally, using intravital microscopy, we found that both C921-78 and bivalirudin abrogated the thrombotic process in P2Y12+/- mice, whereas each showed only partial efficacy in P2Y12+/+ animals.Our study indicates that (1) thrombin inhibitors and aspirin have a demonstrable synergy of antithrombotic activity with P2Y12 antagonism and (2) the in vitro analysis of the antithrombotic activity of P2Y12 antagonists is affected by the anticoagulant used for blood collection. This suggests that the antithrombotic potential of P2Y12 antagonists in vitro may be overestimated in anticoagulated samples of blood and best achieved in vivo by the inclusion of aspirin and/or a thrombin inhibitor.
Creeping Eruption Treated By Jet Injection
Authors: Bedford F. Pace
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In 1963, Stone and Mullins<sup>1</sup>first reported the successful treatment of creeping eruption ( larva migrans) with orally administered thiabendazole, confirmed by other investigators.<sup>2-5</sup>However, undesirable side effects and irregular clinical response have developed in some patients.<sup>6</sup>To overcome these disadvantages, the author attempted intracutaneous injections cf a thiabendazole suspension by means of a jet injector. Four patients with larva migrans have been treated with uniformly good results. The number of lesions in the patients varied from 1 to 20. All injections were given at the advancing end of each burrow. All patients had relief from itching in a few hours, and most larvae stopped motion on the first day of therapy. No adverse reaction was noticed. It was not possible to determine precisely the amount of thiabendazole injected in each patient, as not all the suspension penetrates the skin. The suspension contained approximately 100 mg/cc,
Fever of Unknown Origin-Reply
Authors: Paul Katz
Journal: JAMA (1978)

In Reply.—  We completely agree with Dr Morgenstein's feeling of  necessity for otolaryngological instruction in medical school curricula. However, we cannot agree that the case in question involves an extraordinary cost that was misdirected. Our patient had received an extensive evaluation including a laparotomy prior to her admission to  National Institutes of Health; therefore, we cannot comment on  diagnostic approaches employed by her previous physicians. When this patient came under our care, we had little in  way of objective data except a slightly abnormal liver biopsy specimen and elevations of  alkaline phosphatase level and ESR. As we indicated, there was nothing in  past medical history, review of systems, or physical examination to suggest sinusitis. We therefore are confident that Dr Morgenstein would agree that  probability of finding active sinus disease was highly unlikely. However, we agree that early in her course  sinus
Thallium-201 Uptake in a Benign Thymoma
Authors: RICHARD J. CAMPEAU, ELIZABETH H. EY, D G K VARMA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

A 68-year-old woman was admitted with atypical angina. A chest radiograph showed an anterior mediastinal mass that was confirmed on CT. The mass was relatively avascular and separate from the heart and great vessels. She underwent stress thallium testing that demonstrated no exercise-induced ischemia; however, an abnormal focus of thallium activity was present in the anterior mediastinum on stress and redistribution images. Cardiac catheterization demonstrated a normal left ventriculogram, coronary arteries and thoracic aorta. Subsequent surgery and pathologic examination revealed the mass to be a benign thymoma arising in the right lobe of the thymus gland.
The British Medical Dictionary
Authors: John H. Talbott
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<b>Webster's New International Dictionary (Unabridged)</b>. Pp. 2,662. G. &amp; C. Merriam Co., Springfield, Mass., 1961. In 1961, two "new" dictionaries appeared, similar in size but dissimilar in mission, country of publication, and ready acceptance, as I judge dictionaries. The third edition of<i>Webster's International Dictionary</i>with 2,662 pages appeared in the United States. The<i>British Medical Dictionary</i>was published in London. The shortcomings of the new Webster's<i>Dictionary</i>are related to the concept that "the spoken language is the language, and that correctness rests upon usage." I can raise only a feeble complaint against this dictum of the experts, although "data is," "hain't," "dollarwise," "yakety-yak," and those smut words of 4 and 5 letters seem strangely out of order in a book that has come to be the final source of authority on words and definitions. I presume if I were chair-bound in front of the television screen I could
Clearance from Plasma of 4-C^14-Estradiol-17 Beta in Patients with Hepatic Disease.
Authors: N. P. Christy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963Clearance from Plasma of 4-C14-Estradiol-17 Beta in Patients with Hepatic Disease.N. P. Christy, M.D., J. C. Shaver, M.D., M. S. Roginsky, M.D.N. P. Christy, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. C. Shaver, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, M. S. Roginsky, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-724_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTwo 3-μC doses of 4-C14-estradiol-17 beta were administered intravenously to each of 6 patients with normal hepatic, cardiac, and renal function, 2 patients with viral hepatitis, and 2 patients with Laennec's cirrhosis. Plasma samples were taken at 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes after injection, extracted with chloroform (85 to 99% recovery of added tritiated estradiol), and assayed for C14radioactivity in a liquid scintillation counter. Plasma half-times of total administered radioactivity were calculated from the disappearance curves obtained; these showed no significant differences in hepatic disease without ascites (78 to 155 minutes) from normal values (105 to 145... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: N. P. Christy, M.D.; J. C. Shaver, M.D.; M. S. Roginsky, M.D.Affiliations: New York, N. Y. (CI) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 724-724KeywordsAscitesBlood plasmaCirrhosisEstradiolHepatitis B ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF downloadLoading ...
Spatiotemporal Regulation of T Cell Costimulation by TCR-CD28 Microclusters and Protein Kinase C θ Translocation
Authors: Tadashi Yokosuka, Wakana Kobayashi, Kumiko Sakata-Sogawa, Masako Takamatsu, Akiko Hashimoto-Tane, Michael L. Dustin, Makio Tokunaga, Takashi Saito
Journal: Immunity (2008)
PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ON CONVULSIVE AND SUBCONVULSIVE TREATMENTS INDUCED BY INTERMITTENT PHOTIC STIMULATION
Authors: GEORGE A. ULETT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1953)

A method is discussed for producing convulsive and subconvulsive treatment by means of intermittent photic stimulation following preliminary administration of a convulsant drug. The results of varying such factors as amount of drug, speed of injection, and frequencies of light stimulus are given. Types of reaction produced and the possible therapeutic results and experimental implications of this method are discussed.
Relationship of Muscle Capillary Basement Membrane Thickness and Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Robert F Klein, Kenneth R Feingold, Craig Morgan, Walter H Stern, Marvin P Siperstein
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

We examined the relationship between the thickness of the quadriceps muscle capillary basement membrane and diabetic retinopathy. Basement membrane thickness was measured in two groups of patients with long-standing type II diabetes mellitus. One group of patients (N = 13) had no evidence of diabetic retinopathy on fluorescein angiography, whereas the other (N = 12) had proliferative microvascular disease. All the patients were male, and both groups were of similar ages, duration of diabetes, serum creatinines, and glycemic control as reflected by HbA1 levels. Mean muscle capillary basement membrane width (±SE) of the patients with proliferative retinopathy (3346 ± 262) was significantly greater (P &amp;lt; .05) than that observed in the patients without retinopathy(2660 ± 177). The results of this study suggest that there is a relationship between capillary basement membrane thickness in skeletal muscle and the severity of microangiopathy in the eye. However, there was a substantial overlap between the two groups, indicating that for any individual patient the measurement of muscle capillary basement width will probably not be useful in identifying the presence or absence of retinopathy.
Epidermal growth factor enhances renal tubule cell regeneration and repair and accelerates the recovery of renal function in postischemic acute renal failure.
Authors: H D Humes, D A Cieslinski, T M Coimbra, J M Messana, C Galvao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

To determine the timing and location of renal cell regeneration after ischemic injury to the kidney and to assess whether exogenous epidermal growth factor (EGF) enhances this regenerative repair process to accelerate recovery of renal function, experiments were undertaken in rats undergoing 30 min of bilateral renal artery clamp ischemia followed by reperfusion for varying time intervals. Renal cell regeneration, as reflected by incorporation of radiolabeled thymidine within the kidney, began between 24 to 48 h and reached a peak at 72 h after renal ischemia. As demonstrated by histoautoradiography, renal thymidine incorporation was essentially confined to tubule cells. Morphometric analysis of histoautoradiograph sections of renal tissue demonstrated that the majority of labeled cells were found in renal cortex, but some labeled cells were also located in the inner stripe of the outer medulla, suggesting that injury to medullary thick ascending limbs also occurs in this ischemic model. Exogenous EGF administration produced increases in renal thymidine incorporation compared with non-treated animals at 24, 48, and 72 h after ischemic injury. This accelerated DNA replicative process was associated with significantly lower peak blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine levels, averaging 63 +/- 20 and 3.1 +/- 0.4 mg/dl in EGF-treated ischemic rats compared with 149 +/- 20 and 5.1 +/- 0.1 mg/dl, respectively, in nontreated ischemic rats, and was also associated with a return to near normal BUN and serum creatinine levels in EGF-treated animals approximately 4 d earlier than that observed in nontreated animals. This report is the first demonstration that EGF accelerates the repair process of a visceral organ after an injurious insult.
Treatment of chronic venous ulcers with sheets of cultured allogenic keratinocytes
Authors: I.M. LEIGH, P.E. PURKIS, H.A. NAVSARIA, T.J. PHILLIPS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Cultured keratinocytes were used as allografts to treat 51 patients with chronic venous ulccration or rheumatoid ulcers unresponsive to all previous conventional treatments including split skin grafts. Although early epithelialization could be seen in the centre of some ulcers, a major effect appeared to be healing from the previously indolent edge. This treatment appears to provide some clinical benefit in healing of chronic ulceration.
Laboratory Costs of Organ Transplantation
Authors: Catherine W. Anthony
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>A Review of Related Laboratory Expenditures Over a Period of 18 Months.—</h3> Since February 1963, 28 renal transplants, 3 liver transplants,<sup>1</sup>and 4 splenic transplants,<sup>2</sup>have been performed on patients at Denver Veterans Administration Hospital. With the increasing sophistication of the associated surgery, and the progressive understanding of their postsurgical management, the expansion of organ transplant programs to many other centers seems likely. This paper is a presentation of the costs involved in the running of the transplant program for an 18-month period, from July 1963 through December 1964. It is felt that this will give a greater understanding of the tremendous expense involved in such an undertaking. This includes the inpatient and continual outpatient care. The schedule of charges adopted by the Denver VA laboratory (Table 1) follows that suggested by the Colorado General Hospital Laboratory. These charges are estimated to cover only the cost of the
Extraosseous Uptake of Tc-99m Methylene Diphosphonate in the Pectoralis Muscles 8 Days After Exercise
Authors: REINHARD GROELL, REINGARD AIGNER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

Whole-body bone scintigraphy using Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate in a young man showed extraosseous uptake in the pectoralis muscles. Eight days before the examination, he had exercised in a fitness studio and on the next day he noticed mild pain restricted to the pectoralis muscles. This case illustrates the extent of muscular tracer uptake after exercise, which, in contrast to previous reports, may be clearly visible until 8 days after exercise.
Inhibition of prostaglandin action and bone resorption by copper.
Authors: J M Katz, S J Skinner, T Wilson, D H Gray
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

Mouse calvaria were maintained in organ culture without serum additives. The effects of Cu2+ on bone resorption and on the synthesis and action of prostaglandins were studied. Non-toxic concentrations of copper sulphate (5 microM) were found to decrease active resorption, measured by 45Ca release, to 54% control values (p less than 0.001), while prostaglandin F (PGF), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, (6-keto-PGF1 alpha), determined by radioimmunoassay, were increased above controls (p less than 0.05). These effects of Cu2+ on prostaglandin synthesis were confirmed by the isolation and quantitation of [3H]-labelled metabolites released from calvaria which had been pre-labelled with [3H]-arachidonic acid. PGE2, PGF2 alpha, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) were all higher in copper-exposed calvaria, but their relative amounts remained unchanged. There was no evidence that Cu2+ influenced the mobilisation of [3H]-arachidonic acid from prelabelled calvaria. The stimulation of bone resorption by exogenous prostaglandins was decreased in the presence of Cu2+ (p less than 0.005), while parathormone-mediated bone resorption was virtually unaffected. Cu2+ also increased the inhibition of bone resorption seen with indomethacin (p less than 0.05). In addition to the effects of the metal on prostaglandin action Cu2+ also decreased beta-glucuronidase activity in the media to 86% of the control values (p less than 0.001). The action of Cu2+ in inhibiting bone resorption in vitro appears complex but does not involve inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. It is likely that Cu2+ has more than one inhibitory locus.
Are "America's Best Hospitals" America's Best?-Reply
Authors: Jesse Green
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —"America's Best Hospitals" is a peer standard for medical care evaluation, since it implies that hospitals can be judged remotely with no direct knowledge of the care provided. If a Patientwakesup with chest pain and a potential heart attack, he or she may want to select the hospital that is fastest at starting thrombolytic (or other appropriate) therapy. There are no data like that in<i>US News &amp;World</i>Report (or anywhere else). Dr Hartz and colleagues tried to gauge the cardiology rankings from "America's Best Hospitals" against CABG mortality rates from New York and Pennsylvania. This is a useful exercise because there has been no external validation of<i>US News &amp;World Report'</i>s rankings. Unfortunately these CABG mortality rates are themselves seriously flawed.<sup>1</sup> Dr Hill and Mr Comarow, the developer and publisher of "America's Best Hospitals," respectively, have no mandate that compels them "to forge ahead" regardless of the