tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Arterial mechanical properties in dilated cardiomyopathy. Aging and the response to nitroprusside.
Authors: J D Carroll, S Shroff, P Wirth, M Halsted, S I Rajfer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

The effects of aging on arterial mechanical properties and the response to nitroprusside were examined in 25 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. High-fidelity pressures were recorded with a multisensor catheter. Pulse wave velocity was determined between two sensors in the thoracic aorta. Arterial compliance was determined by an analysis of the diastolic waveform and cardiac output. At baseline, despite a similar systemic vascular resistance, the pulsatile load (e.g., arterial compliance) and wave transmission characteristics (e.g., pulse wave velocity) were altered with aging. Arterial compliance was reduced in older (greater than 50 yr, n = 8) versus younger (less than 35 yr, n = 8) patients (0.51 +/- 0.17 vs. 1.33 +/- 0.63 ml/mmHg, P less than 0.01) and intermediate in those 35-50 yr of age (n = 9, 0.72 +/- 0.40 ml/mmHg). There was a positive correlation between age and pulse wave velocity (r = +0.90). Nitroprusside infusion decreased resistance, increased arterial compliance, and lowered pulse wave velocity in all groups. Yet, advancing age was associated with a greater fall in wave velocity for a given fall in aortic pressure. The slope (K) of the relation between pulse wave velocity and aortic diastolic pressure progressively increased with age (0.01 +/- 0.03, 0.06 +/- 0.02, and 0.09 +/- 0.03 m/s-mmHg). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant relation between K and age. These data demonstrate that in older patients with dilated cardiomyopathy the left ventricle is coupled to an arterial circulation that has a greater pulsatile load, despite a similar steady load. Furthermore, these age-related changes in the arterial system affect the hemodynamic response to pharmacologically-induced vasodilatation.
Basic fibroblast growth factor promotes the trans-differentiation of mouse bone marrow cells into hepatic lineage cells via multiple liver-enriched transcription factors
Authors: Yukiko Saji, Shinji Tamura, Yuichi Yoshida, Shinichi Kiso, Ayuko Saeki Iizuka, Hitoshi Matsumoto, Takako Kawasaki, Yoshihiro Kamada, Yuji Matsuzawa, Yasuhisa Shinomura
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Anastrozole versus tamoxifen treatment in postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive breast cancer and tamoxifen-induced endometrial pathology.
Authors: Bernd Gerber, Annette Krause, Toralf Reimer, Ionas Mylonas, Josef Makovitzky, G√ºnther Kundt, Wolfgang Janni
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of switching from adjuvant tamoxifen to anastrozole (Arimidex) treatment in postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive breast cancer and histologically proven tamoxifen-induced benign endometrial pathology. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Two hundred twenty-six postmenopausal women who had received adjuvant tamoxifen 20 mg/d (&amp;gt; or =12 months, &amp;lt; or =48 months) and developed abnormal vaginal bleeding and/or an asymptomatic endometrial thickness &amp;gt;10 mm [measured by transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS)] were subjected to hysteroscopy and dilation and curettage (D&amp;C). Thereafter, 171 patients were randomized in a phase III study to continue tamoxifen treatment (n = 88) or switch to anastrozole 1 mg/d (n = 83). Patients were monitored for &amp;lt; or =42 months using TVUS at 6-monthly intervals. RESULTS: At study entry, there were no significant differences in vaginal bleeding, endometrial thickness, and histologic findings between the two treatment groups. Throughout the treatment period, there was no significant difference in recurrent vaginal bleeding between groups [anastrozole, 4 of 83 (4.8%); tamoxifen, 9 of 88 (10.2%); P = 0.18]. Six months after randomization, the mean endometrial thickness for patients who switched to anastrozole was significantly reduced compared with those who continued tamoxifen treatment (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Significantly fewer anastrozole patients required a repeat hysteroscopy and D&amp;C compared with those on tamoxifen [4 of 83 (4.8%) and 29 of 88 (33.0%), respectively; P &amp;lt; 0.0001]. Repeat hysteroscopy and D&amp;C revealed endometrial atrophy in all 4 cases in the anastrozole group and 14 polyps, 8 hyperplasias, and 7 atrophies in the tamoxifen group. CONCLUSIONS: Switching from tamoxifen to anastrozole treatment significantly reduced the need for a second hysteroscopy and D&amp;C due to recurrent vaginal bleeding or thickening of the endometrium in postmenopausal breast cancer patients with tamoxifen-induced endometrial abnormalities.
The Epidemiology and Iatrogenic Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus in Egypt: A Bayesian Coalescent Approach
Authors: O. G. Pybus
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2003)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of liver cancer and cirrhosis, and Egypt has possibly the highest HCV prevalence worldwide. In this article we use a newly developed Bayesian inference framework to estimate the transmission dynamics of HCV in Egypt from sampled viral gene sequences, and to predict the public health impact of the virus. Our results indicate that the effective number of HCV infections in Egypt underwent rapid exponential growth between 1930 and 1955. The timing and speed of this spread provides quantitative genetic evidence that the Egyptian HCV epidemic was initiated and propagated by extensive antischistosomiasis injection campaigns. Although our results show that HCV transmission has since decreased, we conclude that HCV is likely to remain prevalent in Egypt for several decades. Our combined population genetic and epidemiological analysis provides detailed estimates of historical changes in Egyptian HCV prevalence. Because our results are consistent with a demographic scenario specified a priori, they also provide an objective test of inference methods based on the coalescent process.
Abstract 3993: Quality of Care for Heart Failure Patients with Concomitant Kidney Disease in the American Heart Association’s Get With The Guidelines Heart Failure (GWTG-HF) Program
Authors: Adrian F Hernandez, Gregg C Fonarow, Li Liang, Kenneth A LaBresh, Clyde Yancy, Nancy M Albert, Gray Ellrodt, Eric D Peterson, Hosps
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Background: Kidney disease is recognized as a major risk factor for major morbidity and mortality in HF patients. Quality of care for such patients is unknown. GWTG-HF is a quality improvement initiative of the AHA and a unique resource to characterize the quality of care for patients hospitalized for HF with concomitant renal disease. Methods: GWTG-HF uses a collaborative model of care and a web-based pt management tool for data collection, decision support, on-demand reporting, and pt education. Data were collected by 146 hospitals for 5 pre-specified performance measures (PM): discharge instructions, LV function measurement, ACEI/ARB use, beta blocker (BB) use, smoking cessation counseling and a composite measure of % patients who receive all of the 5 measures for which they were eligible. Control of hypertension on discharge was also examined. After adjusting for patient characteristics, use of PM was analyzed based on severity of kidney disease as estimated by MDRD glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) i...
Spice allergy: results of skin prick tests and RAST with spice extracts
Authors: A. Niinimäi, F. Björksten, M. Puukka, K. Tolonen, M. Hannuksela
Journal: Allergy (1989)

Skin prick tests (SPT) with freeze‐dried spices and 5% (w/v) spice extracts were performed on 50 patients with 2 + or stronger SPT reactions to spices per se , and RAST were performed on 10 of them. Freeze‐dried extracts produced mostly equal or stronger SPT reactions than corresponding whole spices, but 5 % (w/v) extracts produced weaker reactions and also remained totally negative in some patients. Positive RAST results were seen in all 10 patients tested. The correlation between the RAST and SPT results was good for mustard and paprika, but poor for cayenne, coriander, caraway and white pepper. Five patients with positive SPT and RAST for spices contracted rhinitis from powdered spices in their working environments, and one patient suffered from gastrointestinal pains caused by spiced food. The others had noticed no clinical symptoms caused by spices. The present results thus indicate that both SPT and RAST should include purified spice extracts.
Acquired junctional epidermolysis bullosa associated with IgG autoantibodies to the beta subunit of laminin-5
Authors: None Kirtschig, None Caux, None Mcmillan, None Bedane, None Aberdam, None Ortonne, None Eady, None Prost
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

We report the case of a 72‐year‐old man with clinical features resembling those of non‐lethal junctional epidermolysis bullosa associated with IgG autoantibodies to the β chain of laminin‐5. The patient presented with a sudden onset of blistering and severe fragility of the skin and mucous membranes resulting in atrophic scars. Electron microscopy showed that the blistering arose in the lamina lucida. Indirect immunofluorescence indicated that the autoantibodies bound to the dermal side of 1 mol/L NaCl‐split skin, and both direct and indirect immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated antibody binding to the lamina densa. Postembedding immunogold electron microscopy also revealed labelling in the lamina lucida beneath the hemidesmosomes. On immunoblotting, we found the autoantibodies to comigrate with the β chain of laminin‐5. Following the nomenclature of inherited junctional epidermolysis bullosa with mutations of the laminin‐5 gene, we propose the name acquired junctional epidermolysis bullosa for this newly recognized disease.
Mutations in the plakophilin 1 gene result in ectodermal dysplasia/skin fragility syndrome
Authors: John A. McGrath, James R. McMillan, Carrie S. Shemanko, Sarah K. Runswick, Irene M. Leigh, E. Birgitte Lane, David R. Garrod, Robin A.J. Eady
Journal: Nature Genetics (1997)
The essential roles of emotion in cognitive architecture
Authors: Kevin B. Korb, Ann E. Nicholson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Rolls's presentation of emotion as integral to cognition is a welcome counter to a long tradition of treating them as antagonists. His eduction of experimental evidence in support of this view is impressive. However, we find his excursion into the philosophy of consciousness less successful. Rolls gives syntactical manipulation the central role in consciousness (in stark contrast to Searle, for whom “mere” syntax inevitably falls short of consciousness), and leaves us wondering about the roles left for emotion after all.
Melanoma-specific CD4+ T cells recognize nonmutated HLA-DR-restricted tyrosinase epitopes.
Authors: S L Topalian, M I Gonzales, M Parkhurst, Y F Li, S Southwood, A Sette, S A Rosenberg, P F Robbins
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

Tyrosinase was the first melanoma-associated antigen shown to be recognized by CD4+ T cells. In this study, we have identified two HLA-DRB1*0401-restricted peptides recognized by these T cells: Ty 56-70 and Ty 448-462. As with many of the MHC class I-restricted melanoma epitopes, both are nonmutated self peptides that have intermediate and weak MHC binding affinities, respectively. Mutated and truncated versions of these peptides were used to define their MHC binding anchor residues. Anchor residues were then modified to derive peptides with increased MHC binding affinities and T cell stimulatory properties. Ty 56-70 and Ty 448-462 enhance the list of immunogenic HLA-A2-, A24-, and B44-restricted tyrosinase peptides already described. Thus, tyrosinase provides a model for anti-melanoma vaccines in which a single molecule can generate multivalent immunization incorporating both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses.
ROLE OF ILIOLUMBAR LIGAMENTS IN LOW BACK STRAINS
Authors: C. L. LOWMAN
Journal: JAMA (1926)

The localization of pain and sensitiveness to pressure in the small triangular space formed by the midline of the last two lumbar vertebrae and the posterior portion of the iliac crest in many cases of back strain has led us to a more careful study of this area.  In patients, especially those whose occupations or avocations require frequent rotation of the column, such as shoveling or running hoisting machinery, in which the right arm constantly reaches forward to pull levers, and in playing golf, the discovery of a point of great tenderness in this triangle is quite common. It is especially marked along the line of the iliolumbar ligaments on one or both sides, and worse at the point of attachment of this ligament to the ilium. We have been struck with the fact that this occurs particularly in patients with a loose sacro-iliac joint, in cases of spondylolisthesis, and
Emily Madge Moore
Authors: Heather Montford
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Madge Moore, or Emily as she later preferred herself to be known, was a founder member of the Institute of Psychosexual Medicine. After qualifying as a physiotherapist in 1941 she began her medical training at the Royal Free Hospital and qualified MRCS LRCP in 1947. After a series of house jobs and a short time in general practice she joined a relief team helping with the medical welfare of displaced …
Vascular surgery in smokers Doctors are well qualified to decide on treatment..
Authors: A Lack, N Goodman
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Teaching laparoscopic surgeryPractise on live animals is illegal EDITOR,-There is increasing pressure on the royal colleges to introduce some form of accreditation and assessment of practical skills in minimally invasive surgery.This is partly driven by attention in the media to cases that have had an unfavourable outcome.There has never, however, been a demand for such accreditation in general surgical skills.Theoretically, a doctor who has never performed surgery can obtain a fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons or membership of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.Yet there are no calls for assessment of the technical competence of general surgeons or gynaecologists.Perhaps it would be more appro- priate if assessment of technical skill in surgical specialties generally, rather than just in innovations such as minimally invasive surgery, was addressed.C M S Royston and colleagues discuss different modes of training in laparoscopic surgery and suggest that the porcine model is useful.'They do not make clear that performing laparoscopic procedures on living models is illegal in Britain.Thousands of novice laparoscopists have attended hands on courses in Britain and have carried out advanced procedures on patients, albeit under the supervision of an experienced tutor.It is ironic that the law is less protective of patients than animals when it comes to learning new surgical skills.
A Synthetic 15-mer Peptide (PCK3145) Derived from Prostate Secretory Protein Can Reduce Tumor Growth, Experimental Skeletal Metastases, and Malignancy-Associated Hypercalcemia
Authors: Nicholas Shukeir, Ani Arakelian, Gaoping Chen, Seema Garde, Marcia Ruiz, Chandra Panchal, Shafaat A. Rabbani
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract In previous studies, we have shown that prostate secretory protein (PSP-94) can reduce prostate cancer growth in vivo. In the current study, we identified the amino acid sequence of PSP-94 that is required for eliciting this response. For these studies, we used rat prostate cancer Mat Ly Lu cells overexpressing parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), which is the main pathogenetic factor responsible for hypercalcemia of malignancy. Synthetic peptides corresponding to amino acids 7–21 (PCK721), 31–45 (PCK3145), and 76–94 (PCK7694) of PSP-94 were synthesized. Only PCK3145 showed a significant reduction in tumor cell proliferation. For in vivo studies, syngenic male Copenhagen rats were inoculated s.c. with Mat Ly Lu cells overexpressing PTHrP into the right flank or into the left ventricle via intracardiac injection, which results in experimental metastases to the lumbar vertebrae causing hind-limb paralysis. Animals were infused with different doses (1, 10, and 100 μg/kg/day) of peptides for 15 days, and the effect of these treatments on tumor volume, skeletal metastases, or development of hind-limb paralysis was determined. Treatment with PCK3145 resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in tumor volume and delay in the development of skeletal metastases. Bone histomorphometry showed that after intracardiac inoculation of tumor cells, the highest dose of PCK3145 (100 μg/kg/day) resulted in reducing skeletal tumor burden, which delayed the development of hind-limb paralysis. Treatment with PCK3145 led to reduction of plasma calcium and PTHrP levels and a significant decrease in PTHrP levels in the primary tumors and in vertebrae of experimental animals. These effects of PCK3145 were due to its ability to promote tumor cell apoptosis. Collectively, the results of these studies have demonstrated the ability of a small peptide derived from PSP-94 to reduce tumor volume and experimental skeletal metastases—results that will be highly beneficial in the continued development of this peptide as a novel therapeutic agent for patients with hormone refractory, late-stage prostate cancer.
Simvastatin maintains steady patterns of GFR and improves AER and expression of slit diaphragm proteins in type II diabetes
Authors: G. Tonolo, M. Velussi, E. Brocco, C. Abaterusso, A. Carraro, G. Morgia, A. Satta, R. Faedda, A. Abhyankar, H. Luthman, R. Nosadini
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
Interpreting the Newcastle fluoride bioavailability study
Authors: Stephen T Holgate, Trevor A Sheldon
Journal: BMJ (2007)

We are surprised that the chief dental officer and chief medical officer for England in their full response to Cheng et al consider that the Newcastle study on bioavailability “contributed to a better understanding of the health effects of water fluoridation.”1 2 The researchers themselves urged caution when interpreting the …
Alteration of Body Distribution of 99mTc-Pyro phosphate by Radiographic Contrast Material
Authors: Joseph A. Crawford, Lewis W. Gumerman
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

Abnormal distribution of 99mTc-PYP was found in an elderly patient who had received 100 ml of radiographic contrast material between the time of injection of the radiopharmaceutical and the performance of the bone scan. Reasons for these alterations are postulated.
The Pain Book
Authors: Charles Poser
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This thoroughly delightful book, intended for the general public, addresses a number of important aspects of the diagnosis and management of various painful conditions. The author is a neurosurgeon of long experience and obvious interest and compassion. The discussions are informative, succinct, and clearly written; they lend themselves particularly well to use by physicians and paramedical personnel in explaining to patients the origin and pathogenesis of painful syndromes. The chapters on surgery for pain, acupuncture, and hypnosis are excellent. I cannot share the author's enthusiasm for aspirin in the treatment of the migraine attack, his faith in methysergide for the long-term prophylaxis of common migraine, or his belief in chocolate as an inducer of migraine in many patients. I do not agree with the rationale he cites for the use of phenytoin and carbamazepine in trigeminal neuralgia, but these are minor flaws in a book bursting with gems. Most admirable
Moral Problems in Medicine
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1976)

In the past 20 years, medical ethics has become an important topic, engaging the attention of laymen and of scholars in a variety of disciplines. The enormous advances in medical techniques have triggered a greater awareness of the powers of the medical profession and, correlatively, of its duties and obligations. The state has played an increasing role in regulating the lives of the citizens and the problems of health, and this activity of the state raises questions of obligations and rights, and of ethical values as complementary to political expediency and economic needs. "Moral problems" have engaged the attention of philosophers from earliest times. The title of this new book,<i>Moral Problems in Medicine</i>, thus provides a sharp focus for ethical philosophy in general. The topic is too important to be left in the hands of any one group, whether physicians or patients or philosophers or lawyers or judges or
RADICAL PHRENICOTOMY FOR PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: WILLIAM H. THEARLE
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Phrenicotomy, or simple division of the phrenic nerve in the cervical region, was first suggested by Steurtz for lower lobe tuberculosis in 1911, but little interest was manifested in the therapy of this procedure till Goetze<sup>1</sup>and Felix<sup>2</sup>reported (early in 1922) the results of their extensive research work on phrenicotomy. The latter authorities showed that the hemidiaphragm does not remain completely paralyzed after simple section of the phrenic nerve in from 25 to 30 per cent of cases, owing to failure of interception of an accessory phrenic nerve which joins the main nerve below the first rib, and each devised a "radical phrenicotomy," which would also interrupt this accessory nerve, as well as any connecting cervical sympathetic fibers of the phrenic nerve, with resultant permanent paralysis of half the diaphragm. Goetze isolates the phrenic nerve in the neck down to the inferior cervical ganglion, where he removes
Single-photon emission commuted tomography myocardial perfusion imaging in women: A multicenter reappraisal in the era of ECG-gating
Authors: Timothy M. Bateman, Frans J.Th. Wackers, Jennifer H. Mieres, S. James Cullom, Kelly L. Moutray, Ginger K. Hertenstein, Nicole A. Nichols, James A. Case
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
THE OCCURRENCE OF BACTERIOSTATIC PROPERTIES IN THE BLOOD OF PATIENTS AFTER RECOVERY FROM STREPTOCOCCAL PHARYNGITIS 1
Authors: Ann G. Kuttner, T. F. Lenert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1944)

Although no definite proof is available, our observations covering 6 years suggest that re- peated attacks of streptococcal pharyngitis oc- curring in the same individual are usually due to Group A streptococci of different types.Re- infection with the same type was never observed, suggesting that type-specific immunity may de- velop.At the present time, however, serological evidence of such immunity is meager. REVIEW OF LITERATUREFothergill and Lium studied the bactericidal activity of the blood of 4 convalescent scarlet fever patients (1).Two of these patients re- covered without developing complications; the other 2 developed otitis media, in one instance accompanied by mastoiditis, and in the other by adenitis.Only the 2 patients with puru- lent sequelae showed an increase in the bactericidal activity of the blood for the homologous streptococcus.Hare reported the development of specific bac- tericidal properties in the blood of patients during the course of puerperal sepsis (2).Spink and Keefer studied the streptococcidal power of defibrinated blood obtained from 30 erysipelas patients (3).An increase in bac- tericidal power for the homologous organism during the course of the disease was observed in one-third of the cases.Chandler and Taussig, in a recent article, re- ported that the blood of 2 rheumatic children, who were carriers of Group A streptococci, were bactericidal for the homologous strains (4).The blood of 2 carriers of Group C streptococci was also found to contain homologous bactericidal antibodies.Tillett (5) showed that sera obtained from patients acutely ill with a variety of infectious