tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Early Pulmonary Vascular Disease in Preterm Infants at Risk for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Peter M. Mourani, Marci K. Sontag, Adel Younoszai, Joshua I. Miller, John P. Kinsella, Christopher D. Baker, Brenda B. Poindexter, David A. Ingram, Steven H. Abman
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is associated with poor outcomes among preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), but whether early signs of pulmonary vascular disease are associated with the subsequent development of BPD or PH at 36 weeks post-menstrual age (PMA) is unknown.To prospectively evaluate the relationship of early echocardiogram signs of pulmonary vascular disease in preterm infants to the subsequent development of BPD and late PH (at 36 wk PMA).Prospectively enrolled preterm infants with birthweights 500-1,250 g underwent echocardiogram evaluations at 7 days of age (early) and 36 weeks PMA (late). Clinical and echocardiographic data were analyzed to identify early risk factors for BPD and late PH.A total of 277 preterm infants completed echocardiogram and BPD assessments at 36 weeks PMA. The median gestational age at birth and birthweight of the infants were 27 weeks and 909 g, respectively. Early PH was identified in 42% of infants, and 14% were diagnosed with late PH. Early PH was a risk factor for increased BPD severity (relative risk, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.23) and late PH (relative risk, 2.85; 95% confidence interval, 1.28-6.33). Infants with late PH had greater duration of oxygen therapy and increased mortality in the first year of life (P < 0.05).Early pulmonary vascular disease is associated with the development of BPD and with late PH in preterm infants. Echocardiograms at 7 days of age may be a useful tool to identify infants at high risk for BPD and PH.
Trauma Management: Early Management of Visceral, Nervous System, and Musculoskeletal Injuries
Authors: Peter M. Taft
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Trauma patients consume 19 million hospital days annually, more than all heart patients and four times those needed by cancer patients. Donald D. Trunkey, MD, chapter 1 The above quotation sets the tone for<i>Trauma Management</i>, an excellent textbook that is broad in scope yet amazingly complete. "Early Management" means not just resuscitation and emergency department treatment, but the earliest<i>definitive</i>care of traumatic injuries. The authors set as their goal "to provide the essentials of assessment and management of specific injuries, concisely presented, and directed primarily toward the management of the acutely injured patient." The authors have clearly achieved their goal by enlisting a cadre of experts, many but certainly not all from the Massachusetts General Hospital. They have organized the chapters in a logical fashion, from initial resuscitation to overall assessment, special diagnostic procedures, and, finally, early definitive treatment of specific injuries. The latter are divided into chapters
Where Have You Come From?
Authors: SINDA B. DIANZUMBA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Comments1 June 1977Where Have You Come From?SINDA B. DIANZUMBA, M.D.SINDA B. DIANZUMBA, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-6-832_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The concern raised by Dr. Barrett-Connor in the February issue (Ann Intern Med 86:236-237, 1977) is overdue. "Where do you come from," is another question often neglected, especially in the winter months when malaria can be easily misdiagnosed as influenza.I have a foreign-student friend who failed to complete his malaria prophylaxis after he returned from his home country. Five months later, he developed recurrent fever and chills typical of quartan malaria. Because this occured in the winter months, the student health service diagnosed his illness as influenza and sent him home with instructions to take aspirin...References1. COHENSACHSWICKERCONRAD RJDM: Methemoglobinemia provoked by malarial chemoprophylaxis in Vietnam. N Engl J Med 279:1127-1131, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. ULBERGLINDQUISTSJOSTRAND SNS: Accumulation of chorio-retinotoxic drugs in the foetal eye. Nature 227:1257-1258, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Cardiology Allegheny General Hospital 320 East North Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15212 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1977Volume 86, Issue 6Page: 832-833KeywordsAspirinFeversMalariaMedical servicesProphylaxis Issue Published: 1 June 1977 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Skull X-Ray Examinations after Head Trauma
Authors: Stuart J. Masters, Philip M. McClean, Joseph S. Arcarese, Reynold F. Brown, John A. Campbell, Howard A. Freed, George H. Hess, Julian T. Hoff, Arthur Kobrine, Dennis F. Koziol, Joseph A. Marasco, David F. Merten, Harry Metcalf, James L. Morrison, Jay A. Rachlin, John W. Shaver, John R. Thornbury
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

The value of skull radiography in identifying intracranial injury has not yet been satisfactorily defined. A multidisciplinary panel of medical experts was assembled to review the issue of skull radiography for head trauma. The panel identified two main groups of patients--those at high risk of intracranial injury and those at low risk of such injury--and developed a management strategy for imaging in the two groups. The high-risk group consists primarily of patients with severe open or closed-head injuries who have a constellation of findings that are usually clinically obvious. These patients are candidates for emergency CT scanning, neurosurgical consultation, or both. The low-risk group includes patients who are asymptomatic or who have one or more of the following: headache, dizziness, scalp hematoma, laceration, contusion, or abrasion. Radiographic imaging is not recommended for the low-risk group and should be omitted. An intermediate moderate-risk group is less well defined, and skull radiography in this group may sometimes be appropriate. A prospective study of 7035 patients with head trauma at 31 hospital emergency rooms was conducted to validate the management strategy. No intracranial injuries were discovered in any of the low-risk patients. Therefore, no intracranial injury would have been missed by excluding skull radiography for low-risk patients, according to the protocol. We conclude that use of the management strategy is safe and that it would result in a large decrease in the use of skull radiography, with concomitant reductions in unnecessary exposure to radiation and savings of millions of dollars annually.
Adrenal aldosterone-producing adenoma: use of colonic potential in diagnosis and subtraction scanning technique for localisation.
Authors: K E Britton, T J Goodwin, W S Peart, M E Snell
Journal: BMJ (1976)

Primary hyperaldosteronism is a potentially curable cause of hypertension, and much interest has been shown in methods of diagnosing the associated hypokalaemic hypertension and localising the adrenal adenoma. In two patients the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism was confirmed by colonic potential measurement and the adenoma localised by a new subtraction technique for early adrenal imaging applied to the use of 131I-19-iodocholesterol. Both patients underwent adrenalectomy and in each case an adenoma was removed. Blood pressure and electrolyte levels returned to normal after operation. In one patient bilateral adrenal phlebography had failed to show the tumour, and sampling of aldosterone concentrations in the adrenal veins had been unsatisfactory.
University Medical Center Participation in Residency Training Programs for Graduates of Foreign Medical Schools
Authors: Morton D. Bogdonoff, Joseph J. Fins
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Editorials1 March 1991University Medical Center Participation in Residency Training Programs for Graduates of Foreign Medical SchoolsMorton D. Bogdonoff, MD, Joseph J. Fins, MDMorton D. Bogdonoff, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Joseph J. Fins, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-5-426 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTwo types of residency training programs are found in U.S. hospitals: There are those programs staffed by graduates of U.S. medical schools (USMGs) and those staffed by graduates of foreign medical schools (FMGs). This two-tiered system seems at first glance to be inconsistent with the marked increases in both the number of medical schools (from 89 in 1965 to 127 in 1985) and the number of medical students (30 300 in 1960 to 65 500 in 1980). Despite these increases, however, the total number of residency positions accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education has continued to exceed...References1. Etzel S, Egan R, Shevrin M, and Rowley B. Graduate medical education in the United States. JAMA. 1989;262:1029-37. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. . Annual Report 1988. Philadelphia: Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates; 1988. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Morton D. Bogdonoff, MD; Joseph J. Fins, MDAffiliations: The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center New York, NY 10021 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Globalization of Education in Medical Ethics and Humanities: Evolving Pedagogy at Weill Cornell Medical College in QatarImmigrant Health Care Providers in the United StatesInternational heroInternal Medicine and the Training of International Medical Graduates: A Time for Open Discussion and New ApproachesGerald S. Levey, MDOf Pride, Prejudice, and Discrimination Why Generalizations Can Be Unfair to the IndividualAjit VarkiCommunity Hospitals and Graduates of Foreign Medical SchoolsAbraham Verghese, MD 1 March 1991Volume 114, Issue 5Page: 426-427KeywordsGraduate medical educationResidency ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 March 1991 PDF downloadLoading ...
Eotaxin: a potent eosinophil chemoattractant cytokine detected in a guinea pig model of allergic airways inflammation.
Authors: P J Jose, D A Griffiths-Johnson, P D Collins, D T Walsh, R Moqbel, N F Totty, O Truong, J J Hsuan, T J Williams
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

Eosinophil accumulation is a prominent feature of allergic inflammatory reactions, such as those occurring in the lung of the allergic asthmatic, but the endogenous chemoattractants involved have not been identified. We have investigated this in an established model of allergic inflammation, using in vivo systems both to generate and assay relevant activity. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was taken from sensitized guinea pigs at intervals after aerosol challenge with ovalbumin. BAL fluid was injected intradermally in unsensitized assay guinea pigs and the accumulation of intravenously injected 111In-eosinophils was measured. Activity was detected at 30 min after allergen challenge, peaking from 3 to 6 h and declining to low levels by 24 h. 3-h BAL fluid was purified using high performance liquid chromatography techniques in conjunction with the skin assay. Microsequencing revealed a novel protein from the C-C branch of the platelet factor 4 superfamily of chemotactic cytokines. The protein, "eotaxin," exhibits homology of 53% with human MCP-1, 44% with guinea pig MCP-1, 31% with human MIP-1 alpha, and 26% with human RANTES. Laser desorption time of flight mass analysis gave four different signals (8.15, 8.38, 8.81, and 9.03 kD), probably reflecting differential O-glycosylation. Eotaxin was highly potent, inducing substantial 111In-eosinophil accumulation at a 1-2 pmol dose in the skin, but did not induce significant 111In-neutrophil accumulation. Eotaxin was a potent stimulator of both guinea pig and human eosinophils in vitro. Human recombinant RANTES, MIP-1 alpha, and MCP-1 were all inactive in inducing 111In-eosinophil accumulation in guinea pig skin; however, evidence was obtained that eotaxin shares a binding site with RANTES on guinea pig eosinophils. This is the first description of a potent eosinophil chemoattractant cytokine generated in vivo and suggests the possibility that similar molecules may be important in the human asthmatic lung.
Legal Challenge to Medically Correct Smoking Bans
Authors: Phil Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1994)

SAN FRANCISCO'S antismoking ordinance, which went into effect at the beginning of this month, is being challenged in a California court by the Philip Morris Co and some of the city's hotel and tavern operators. The ordinance now bans smoking in offices and would ban smoking in restaurants after this year. The court challenge contends that California's workplace safety regulations preempt any such city ordinance. Some businesses in Los Angeles are challenging a similar ordinance there. It bans smoking in restaurants. Some antitobacco advocates see such court challenges as part of a larger campaign by tobacco interests to convince state legislatures to pass laws—presumably less restrictive to smokers—that would preempt city ordinances. At the same time the San Francisco legal battle is being joined, the American Cancer Society is circulating its annual<i>Cancer Facts &amp; Figures</i>report. It says the most current available data indicate some 46 million persons in
Abstract 3571: Inhibition of Cdk9 blocks ligand induced phosphorylation of Estrogen receptor alpha at Ser294.
Authors: Gary K. Scott, Ravneet Kaur, Daniel Rothschild, C. C. Benz
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract In response to ligand binding, the estrogen receptor (ER, alpha isoform) becomes phosphorylated on several serines including Ser294 and Ser118 to initiate an estrogenic transcriptional program that has been well studied. On the other hand, growth factor stimulation of ER also promotes serine phosphorylation at several sites including Ser305 and Ser118, but not Ser294, to drive a transcriptional program different from that induced by estrogenic ligands. Our previous work demonstrated that following estrogen or tamoxifen stimulation, cyclin dependent kinase (Cdk) mediated phosphorylation of the ER hinge region at Ser294 was essential for full transcriptional activation of ER. Current studies, using a recently developed rabbit monoclonal antibody to phospho-Ser294 ER, show that the Cdk9 inhibitor SCH727956/Dinaciclib, now in phase II clinical trials, completely prevents Ser294 phosphorlyation induced by estrogen stimulation of MCF-7 cells without influencing phospho-Ser118 formation which remains robust. Immunoprecipitation of ER from MCF-7 cells following estrogen treatment results in the co-immunoprecipitaton of cdk9. Further SCH727965/Dinaciclib has no influence upon epidermal growth factor (EGF) induced ER phosphorylation at Ser305, consistent with previous studies linking phospho-Ser305 formation to the activated kinases PKA and PAK. Ongoing studies evaluating siRNA induced knockdown of Cdk9 in MCF-7 cells followed by estrogen and/or EGF stimulation are designed to confirm the specific role of Cdk9 in mediating ligand-induced ER phosphorylation at Ser294. As Cdk9 is essential to promote transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase II, the Ser294 specific recruitment of Cdk9 to ER following ligand stimulation offers rationale for the clinical use of Cdk9 inhibitors such as SCH727965/Dinaciclib in the treatment of ER-positive breast cancers. In particular, for those ER-positive breast cancers responsive to endocrine therapy the combined use of a Cdk9 inhibitor with antiestrogenic therapy is likely to prove clinically beneficial. Citation Format: Gary K. Scott, Ravneet Kaur, Daniel Rothschild, C. C. Benz. Inhibition of Cdk9 blocks ligand induced phosphorylation of Estrogen receptor alpha at Ser294. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3571. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3571
Thrombolytic therapy for elderly patients with myocardial infarction
Authors: S. Dave
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —I congratulate Drs Gurwitz and Goldberg 1 on their Editorial regarding the article by Dr Krumholz and colleagues 2 on thrombolytic therapy in the elderly. However, I am surprised that no mention was made of the patient's functional capacity prior to hospitalization in relation to the decision to administer thrombolytic therapy. As far as I know, none of the studies on thrombolysis has addressed this issue. We, as investigators, get immersed in statistics and forget that humans are not immortal. Any effort to achieve immortality, in my opinion, is useless. If the age is ripe, we as a society should concentrate on comfort care and not heroics.  We should devote our resources primarily to the productive and functional sector of society. Age is not a contraindication to any beneficial therapy, but the functional status of a given patient should be one of the most important considerations in
Carotid chemoreceptor function and structure in the atherosclerotic rabbit: respiratory and cardiovascular responses to hyperoxia, hypoxia and hypercapnia
Authors: J. E ANGELL-JAMES, J A CLARKE, M DE BURGH DALY, A. TATON
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

We tested the following hypothesis: if carotid body blood flow, and hence the relationship of the frequency of discharge in chemoreceptor afferent fibres to arterial Po2, were affected by atherosclerotic change, then a modification of the control of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems might result. Carotid body reflexes were therefore studied in conscious atherosclerotic rabbits and a control group of normal animals breathing 100% O2, three hypoxic gas mixtures to which was added sufficient CO2 to maintain the arterial PCO2 constant, and 2% and 4% CO2 in 21% O2 and N2. When breathing room air, the atherosclerotic rabbits breathed at a higher respiratory frequency and lower tidal volume than the normal animals, although there was no difference in the respiratory minute volume. The respiratory and cardiovascular responses to hyperoxia, isocapnic hypoxia and hypercapnia were essentially the same in both groups of animals. Serial sections of the carotid bodies showed pathological changes including interstitial fibrosis in the caudal part with interstitial haemorrhages. The proximal part of the ascending pharyngeal artery, the vessel supplying the organ, and its origin from the external carotid, and the arterioles in the caudal part of the carotid body were nearly always occluded to a varying extent by atheromatous plaques. The capillaries appeared normal under light microscopy. The rostral-caudal lengths of the carotid bodies were similar in the two groups. We conclude that the peripheral arterial chemoreceptor responses in atherosclerotic rabbits are relatively normal even though the arteries to, and arterioles within, the carotid body are partly occluded.
The Matrix Metalloproteinase-9/Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Complex Plays a Role in Breast Tumor Growth and Is Present in the Urine of Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Cecilia A. Fernández, Li Yan, Gwendolyn Louis, Jiang Yang, Jeffery L. Kutok, Marsha A. Moses
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2005)

Having previously shown that the binding of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) to matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) protects this extracellular matrix remodeling enzyme from autodegradation, we hypothesized that the addition of NGAL to breast cancer cells, which do not express this protein but do express MMP-9, might result in a more aggressive phenotype in vivo. Based on our previous reports that MMPs can be detected in the urine of cancer patients, we also asked whether MMP-9/NGAL could be detected in the urine of breast cancer patients and whether it might be predictive of disease status.Clones of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells differentially expressing NGAL were generated by stable transfection with human NGAL expression constructs. The established clones were then implanted s.c. in immunodeficient mice and tumor growth was monitored. In addition, we analyzed the urine of individuals with breast cancer and age-matched, sex-matched controls using gelatin zymography for the presence of MMP-9/NGAL.Increased NGAL expression resulted in significant stimulation of tumor growth. Immunohistochemical analysis of MCF-7 tumors revealed that the NGAL-overexpressing ones exhibited increased growth rates that were accompanied by increased levels of MMP-9, increased angiogenesis, and an increase in the tumor cell proliferative fraction. In addition, MMP-9/NGAL complex was detected in 86.36% of the urine samples from breast cancer patients but not in those from healthy age and sex-matched controls.These findings suggest, for the first time, that NGAL may play an important role in breast cancer in vivo by protecting MMP-9 from degradation thereby enhancing its enzymatic activity and facilitating angiogenesis and tumor growth. Clinically, these data suggest that the urinary detection of MMP-9/NGAL may be useful in noninvasively predicting disease status of breast cancer patients.
Successful treatment of lymphoproliferative disease complicating primary immunodeficiency/immunodysregulatory disorders with reduced-intensity allogeneic stem-cell transplantation
Authors: Jonathan M. Cohen, Neil J. Sebire, Julia Harvey, H. Bobby Gaspar, Cale Cathy, Alison Jones, Kanchan Rao, David Cubitt, Persis J. Amrolia, E. Graham Davies, Paul Veys
Journal: Blood (2007)
Corpses and the spread of cholera
Authors: R Bradley Sack, A Kasem Siddique
Journal: The Lancet (1998)

Cholera is readily treated through rehydration with oral or parenteral fluids. When properly treated, the disease has a mortality rate of less than 1%, but a rate of mortality of greater than 50% when untreated. Proper treatment for cholera, although simple and inexpensive, is not available in many parts of the developing world. In some Western African countries, such as Guinea-Bissau, not only is proper treatment unavailable, cultural rituals related to the death of cholera victims help to perpetuate the disease. For example, people who are dying of or who have died from cholera may be washed by family members who then prepare funeral feasts for family and friends held very soon after the death. Outbreaks of cholera commonly follow these feasts. Cholera vibrios are spread through fecal-oral contamination. A large inoculum, however, is needed to produce disease. Outbreaks of cholera occur following such funeral feasts because the handlers of the corpse fail to properly clean their hands before preparing the meal. Cholera vibrios are therefore transferred from the corpse through the handler to the food and/or water used in and with the meal, in which they can replicate enough to cause disease. Such outbreaks could be prevented were handlers to properly wash their hands before preparing food, and drinking water and other water used in preparing food were decontaminated. Other prevention measures could be to discourage the holding of funeral feasts for people who have died of cholera and to have health workers disinfect corpses before they are handled by families.