tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impaired Flow-mediated Dilation Is Associated with Low Pulmonary Function and Emphysema in Ex-smokers
Authors: R. Graham Barr, Sonia Mesia-Vela, John H. M. Austin, Robert C. Basner, Brad M. Keller, Anthony P. Reeves, Daichi Shimbo, Lori Stevenson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

Basic science research suggests a causal role for endothelial dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Clinical studies examining endothelial function are lacking, particularly early in the disease. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is a physiologic measure of endothelial reactivity to endogenous nitric oxide.We hypothesized that lower FMD among former smokers would be associated with lower post-bronchodilator FEV(1), higher percentage of emphysema using computed tomography (CT) and lower diffusing capacity.We measured FMD, pulmonary function, and CT percentage of emphysema in a random sample of 107 cotinine-confirmed former smokers in the ongoing EMCAP study. FMD was defined as percentage change in the brachial artery diameter with reactive hyperemia. Generalized additive models were used to adjust for potential confounders and assess linearity.Mean age of participants was 71 +/- 5 years, 46% were female, and pack-years averaged 48 +/- 26. Mean FMD was 3.8 +/- 3.1%; mean post-bronchodilator FEV(1), 2.3 +/- 0.8 L; and mean CT percentage of emphysema, 26 +/- 10%. A 1 SD decrease in FMD was associated with a 132-ml (95% confidence interval, 16-248 ml; P = 0.03) decrement in post-bronchodilator FEV(1) and a 2.6% (95% confidence interval, 0.5-4.7%; P = 0.02) increase in CT percentage of emphysema in fully adjusted models. These associations were linear across the spectrum from normality to disease, independent of smoking history, and also significant among participants without COPD. Associations with diffusing capacity were consistent but nonsignificant (P = 0.09). The FMD-FEV(1) association was entirely attributable to percentage of emphysema.Impaired endothelial function, as measured by FMD, was associated with lower FEV(1) and higher CT percentage of emphysema in former smokers early in COPD.
CD44 Disruption Prevents Degeneration of the Capillary Network in Obstructive Nephropathy via Reduction of TGF-β1–Induced Apoptosis
Authors: Kasper M.A. Rouschop, Nike Claessen, Steven T. Pals, Jan J. Weening, Sandrine Florquin
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

CD44 is a glycoprotein that is involved in inflammation and cell–cell/cell–matrix interactions, is upregulated in the kidney upon injury, and leads to fibrosis through enhancement of TGF-β1 signaling. Absence of CD44 prevents development of renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). A hallmark of development of renal fibrosis is the degeneration of the capillary network. This study shows that CD44 is upregulated on capillary endothelial cells during UUO. For elucidation of the role of CD44 on peritubular endothelial cells in UUO, capillary network degeneration was compared in CD44+/+ and CD44−/− mice. As expected, degeneration of the capillary network was observed in CD44+/+ mice during UUO, associated with increased endothelial apoptosis. However, in the absence of CD44, degeneration of the network is prevented as a result of a decrease in the rate of apoptosis in endothelial cells. The divergence in endothelial apoptosis is not correlated to differential vascular endothelial growth factor or thrombospondin-1 expression. For further investigation of capillary regression, CD44+/+ and CD44−/− peritubular capillary endothelial cell lines were established. With the use of these cells, it is shown that interaction between CD44 and its ligand hyaluronic acid enhances the proapoptotic effect of TGF-β1 but not thrombospondin-1 on endothelial cells, contributing to the degeneration of the capillary network. Blocking interaction between hyaluronic acid and CD44 therefore may be a potential therapeutic opportunity to preserve the capillary network and prevent the development of fibrosis in chronic renal disease.
Carbenicillin and Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis
Authors: HANNA A. SAADAH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1980Carbenicillin and Pseudomembranous EnterocolitisHANNA A. SAADAH, M.D.HANNA A. SAADAH, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-93-4-645_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The letter "Carbenicillin and Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis" by O'Meara and Simmons (1) suggests that theirs is the first report associating carbenicillin with this disease. We have, however, reported earlier a similar case (2) in a 91-year-old woman who presented with bloody diarrhea, had pseudomembranous enterocolitis proved by proctosigmoidoscopy and biopsy, and was cured with oral vancomycin. Three weeks earlier she had been treated with oral carbenicillin indanyl sodium, 382 mg four times daily, for a pseudomonas urinary tract infection. Diarrhea developed on the fourth day of therapy, but carbenicillin was not stopped until the seventh day. Her diarrhea...References1. O'MEARASIMMONS TR. Carbenicillin and pseudomembranous enterocolitis. Ann Intern Med. 1980;92:440-1. Letter. LinkGoogle Scholar2. SAADAHESAKI HP. Antibiotic-associated colitis treated with oral vancomycin. J Okla State Med Assoc. 1979;72:428-9. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. SAGINURHAWLEYBARTLETT RCJ. Colitis associated with metronidazole therapy. J Infect Dis. 1980;141:772-3. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. BARTLETTTEDESCOSHULLLOWECHANG JFSBT. Symptomatic relapse after oral vancomycin therapy of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis. Gastroenterology. 1980;78:431-4. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. CHANGGORBACHBARTLETTSAGINUR TSJR. Bacitracin treatment of antibiotic-associated colitis and diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile toxin. Gastroenterology. 1980;78:1584-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mercy Health Center University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City, OK 73120 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1980Volume 93, Issue 4Page: 645-645KeywordsBiopsyDiarrheaEnterocolitisPseudomonasSodiumVancomycin Issue Published: 1 October 1980 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Environmental Exposures and Recurrent Nighttime Cough at Ages 1, 2, and 3: The Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study (CCAAPS)
Authors: H SUCHAREW, P SUCCOP, P RYAN, D BERNSTEIN, G KHURANAHERSHEY, J LOCKEY, M VILLAREAL, T REPONEN, S GRINSHPUN, G LEMASTERS
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Diaphragmatic breathing reduces efficiency of breathing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Authors: R A Gosselink, R C Wagenaar, H Rijswijk, A J Sargeant, M L Decramer
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The effects of diaphragmatic breathing learning on chest wall motion, mechanical efficiency of the respiratory muscles, breathing pattern, and dyspnea sensation were studied in seven patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (FEV1 34 +/- 7% of the predicted value) during loaded and unloaded breathing. Chest wall motion was studied focusing on amplitude and phase relation of rib cage and abdominal motion. Mechanical efficiency was defined as the ratio of added external power output and added oxygen consumption during inspiratory threshold loading (40% maximal inspiratory pressure [Plmax]). After 2 wk run-in, all subjects participated in a diaphragmatic breathing program for 3 wk. Variables obtained during diaphragmatic breathing were compared with those obtained during natural breathing. During diaphragmatic breathing the ratio of rib cage to abdominal motion decreased significantly during unloaded (0.86 versus 0.37; p < 0.01) as well as during loaded breathing (0.97 versus 0.50; p < 0.01). Chest wall motion became more asynchronous during diaphragmatic breathing in the unloaded conditions (mean phase difference for natural breathing 3.5 versus 10.4% for diaphragmatic breathing; p < 0.02) and loaded conditions (mean phase difference for natural breathing 6 versus 11.4% for diaphragmatic breathing; p < 0.02). Surprisingly, mechanical efficiency decreased significantly during diaphragmatic breathing (2.57 +/- 0.76%) in comparison with natural breathing (3.35 +/- 1.48%; p < 0.01). Tidal volume, respiratory frequency, and duty cycle did not change significantly during diaphragmatic breathing. Dyspnea sensation tended to increase during diaphragmatic breathing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Wisdom? Health? Can Society Guarantee Them?
Authors: John S. Millis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

For many years the American people have accepted the concept that education is a necessity and that, therefore, it is to be regarded as a basic human right. Today, there are many voices advancing the idea that health is necessary to "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness," and that, therefore, health should also be regarded as a basic human right. There is a close analogy between education and health. The examination of experience with education may give useful guidance in the formation of public policy in health matters.We, in America, have gone far to make universal educational opportunity . . .
A Toxicological Basis to Derive a Generic Interspecies Uncertainty Factor.
Authors: EJ Calabrese, LA Baldwin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

A new method is proposed to derive the size of the interspecies uncertainty factor (UF) that is toxicologically and statistically based. The method involves quantifying interspecies variation in susceptibility to numerous toxic substances via the use of binary interspecies comparisons that are converted to a 95% UF. This interspecies UF represents an estimate of the upper 95% of the population of 95% prediction intervals (PI) for binary interspecies comparisons within four categories of phylogenetic relatedness (species within genus, genera within family, families within order, orders within class). The 95% interspecies UFs range from a low of 10 for species within genus up to 65 for orders within class. Most mammalian toxicology studies involving mice, rats, cats, dogs, gerbils, and rabbits are orders-within- class categories for human risk assessment and would be provided a 65-fold UF. Larger or smaller interspecies UF values could be selected on the level of protection desired.
Severe hypophosphataemia in T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma.
Authors: P Colman, B G Firkin, M B van der Weyden
Journal: BMJ (1983)

abdominal discomfort or other complaint.Two further specimens of faeces, examined on the third and seventh day after the end of the course of antibiotics, appeared normal in naked-eye and microscopic examinations and did not grow Str pyogenes or any other pathogen.Swabs from various sites, as obtained before, were also cultured at the end of treatment; none grew any pathogen.At follow-up five months later she was well.hyperphosphataemia and hypocalcaemia requiring vigorous electrolyte monitoring and therapeutic intervention to reduce the morbidity associated with this tumour lysis syndrome.
Pedal Pulses in Diagnosis Of Arterial Disease
Authors: Glen E. Garrison
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The letter by Roy E. Christian, MD, entitled "Occlusion of the Dorsalis Pedis Artery in Two Young Women" (<b>209</b>:1366, 1969) suggested that the absence of a palpable dorsalis pedis pulse should be interpreted as indicating the presence of acquired occlusion of that artery. However, arterial occlusion is only one of the causes of an absent dorsalis pedis pulse. It should be emphasized that congenital absence of pedal pulses is a common and clinically insignificant findings. Surveys of 1,000 children hospitalized for noncardiovascular disorders<sup>1</sup>and of 1,014 apparently normal soldiers<sup>2</sup>revealed one or both dorsalis pedis pulses to be absent in 12% and 17% of the individuals, respectively. On the other hand, congenital absence of a posterior tibial pulse appears to be uncommon in the white race,<sup>1,2</sup>but one study<sup>2</sup>indicates a congenital absence of one or both posterior tibial pulses in 9%
The Joint Commission's New Tobacco-Cessation Measures — Will Hospitals Do the Right Thing?
Authors: Michael C. Fiore, Eric Goplerud, Steven A. Schroeder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

Few factors influence health care standards in the United States today more than the actions of the Joint Commission (formerly the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations). And few opportunities hold more promise for increasing the rate of tobacco-use cessation than patient contact with the health care system. Health care visits represent teachable moments when a patient's very real fears and concerns about tobacco use can provide a particularly powerful motivation to quit. The Joint Commission's new Tobacco Cessation Performance Measure-Set took effect on January 1, 2012. Will implementation of these measures improve smoking-cessation treatment by capitalizing on the . . .
Malaria—The British Point of View
Authors: ROBERT DREW
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

Chemoprophylaxis is only one aspect of defence against malaria. The drug proguanil (Paludrine®) is reserved for this purpose since it is believed that the risk of falciparum parasite resistance is thereby reduced to a minimum. Protection of the individual soldier is the responsibility of the unit commander, the Medical Services being responsible for antimalarial measures in the geographical area. Antimalarial control units are used for residual spraying to clear jungles and drain swamps. The British Army in Malaysia has encountered few cases of drug resistance recently, except in Southern Johore.
934-24 Do Angiographic Measurements of Stenosis Severity Correlate with Doppler Flow Reserve? Effect of Balloon Angioplasty
Authors: Madoka Sunamura, Chris Vrints, Peter Probst, Jan J. Piek, Erwin Schroeder, Guy R. Heyndrickx, Volker A. M¨hlberger, Carlo di Mario, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
North Carolina's Early Law on Practice.
Authors: James M. Parrott
Journal: JAMA (1904)

Kinston, N. C., Aug. 24, 1904.  To the Editor:  —I noticed inThe Journal, August 13, that you state in an editorial that Illinois had the first  law regulating the practice of medicine. North Carolina really should have that distinction, her law having been passed in 1857. The remarkably high standing of her profession, which we believe to be higher than any other state, on an average, is due to her splendid medical laws, which have been effective more than a quarter of a century.
Acute medical beds could be cut.
Authors: H. E. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1992)

infarction in 1988.For the 109 patients whose patients' health status or their satisfaction with SIR,-Those responsible for medical and surgical notes were available (less than half the number of their care.-emergencies will have read with astonishment and patients identified from the coronary care unit'sWe believe that audit is important and that its dismay the Audit Commission's recommendations records), the median delay in attending the accident lessons should be viewed primarily in a clinical to reduce the numbers of acute hospital beds.'" and emergency department was 240 minutes.The rather than a financial light.The complexities of
Is long-term immunosuppressive treatment necessary to maintain good kidney graft function?
Authors: F Di Padova, E Morandi, D Mazzei, F Quarto di Palo, L Baldini, G Bianchi, E E Polli
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Transient hypothyroidism after iodine-131 treatment for thyrotoxicosisMany patients develop permanent hypothyroidism after being treated with iodine-131 (131I) for thyrotoxicosis and require replacement therapy with thyroxine.'Transient hypothyroidism has been observed after subtotal thyroidectomy for thyrotoxicosis,2 but whether this phenomenon exists after 1311 treatment is disputed.3In 1977 we reported two cases of transient hypothyroidism after 131I treatment,4 since when we have seen a further eight cases, which we report here. Patients, methods, and resultsThe patients comprised seven women, median age 52 years (range 49-69), and three men aged 50, 59, and 67 years attending the thyroid clinic at this hospital.Thyrotoxicosis was confirmed biochemically and by an increased two-hour uptake of 1321.None of the patients were receiving antithyroid drugs, and all had diffuse thyroid enlargement.Doses of 131I ranged from 2 5 to 11 8 mCi (median 4 mCi).The diagnosis of transient hypothyroidism was based on a low serum thyroxine (T4) concentration.Serum T4, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) con- centrations were measured by radioimmunoassay.Normal ranges were: serum T4 60-140 nmol 1 (4 7-10 9 yg 100 ml), serum T3 1 2-2 7 nmol l (0 8-1 8 ng ml), and serum TSH < 6 mU 1. Statistical analysis included Friedman's two-way analysis of variance test and Wilcoxon's matched pairs signed ranks test.The figure shows the serum concentrations of T4, T3, and TSH measured immediately before 1311 treatment, when subnormal serum T4 concentrations were first found, and when serum T4 concentrations were first noted to be normal again.No patient became clinically hypothyroid when the serum T4 concentration was transiently low.After treatment the median serum T4 concentration decreased from 211.5 nmoll1 (16 4 tg/ 100 ml) (range 160-320 nmol 1; 12 4-24 9 fig / 100 ml) to 38 5 nmol/l (3 0 tsg/l00 ml) (range 20-55 nmol'l; 1 6-4 2 ,ug, 100 ml) and
English government sets out first national cancer standards
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The English government has announced the first national standards for cancer care, which are being introduced to end variations in the quality of care provided by different hospitals.

The cancer standards form a central part of the NHS Cancer Plan—a national strategy designed to improve the management of cancer in England, where cancer survival rates currently lag behind those in many other countries. They have been set out in the Manual of Cancer Services Standards , a 200 page document providing what the government described as “a step by step guide for better cancer care, better organisation and more information for patients.”

The …
Portuguese Society of Digestive Endoscopy: recommendations for endoscopic mucosal resection
Authors: Mário Dinis-Ribeiro, Paula Chaves
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Endoscopic mucosectomy or mucosal resection (EMR) is the resection through an endoscopic procedure of a piece of digestive wall including mucosal layer, muscularis mucosae and partially or completely the submucosal layer.
A CONDITION IN A CASE OF TYPHOID FEVER SIMULATING INTESTINAL PERFORATIONPRODUCED BY A MEDICINAL DOSE OF OPIUM.
Authors: JAMES K. HALL
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The following case was of extreme interest to me because of inability to discover an underlying pathologic cause for severe and unusual symptoms in a fairly mild attack of typhoid fever. <h3>History.</h3> —B. M. F., white, male, single, aged 23, who for the past two years has been an attendant in this hospital, most of the time on night duty, came to me on July 31, 1906, and asked for medicine for the relief of a very severe headache. Inquiry brought out the fact that he had not been well for several days. Headache had been constant, and, in addition, there was general muscular discomfort, loss of appetite, uneasy sensations in the upper abdomen, and inability to sleep. At this time the tongue was furred, the temperature was 102, and there was slight acceleration of the pulse rate. He was put to bed, the bowels were opened with small doses
Angiosarcoma of the Liver Associated With Diethylstilbestrol
Authors: Cornelia Hoch-Ligeti
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Angiosarcoma of the liver occurred in a 76-year-old man who had been treated for a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the liver with diethylstilbestrol for 13 years. Angiosarcoma was also present within pulmonary and renal arteries. The possibility that the intraarterial lesions might represent independent primary tumors is considered.
Abstract 3947: PARP-1 as a therapeutic target in gliomas
Authors: Marcos Seoane, Pablo Iglesias, Lydia Castro, Victror M. Arce, Jose A. Costoya
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Gliomas are the most common primary tumors in the brain. We use this tumor type as a paradigm of oncogenic transformation. Deregulation of signal transduction pathways are commonly found both in low- and high-grade gliomas. Moreover, all WHO grade III and IV (GBM) show a disruption of cell cycle due to alterations in at least one out of three families of proteins involved in G1/S transition, such as: CDKs, INK4a-ARF or Rb. Oncogenic HRas (HRasV12) expression recapitulates gain-of-function mutations in several growth factor receptors in glial cells, resulting in the activation of different downstream effectors such as Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. The hyperactivation of growth signaling pathways, phenocopied by HRasV12, increases cell proliferation rate in the absence of senescence, facilitating their transformation into tumoral cells. Furthermore, our data indicate that HRasV12 is able to cooperate with Rb loss in the tumor malignization. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) facilitates DNA repair by binding to DNA breaks and attracting DNA repair proteins to the site of DNA damage. Despite its important role in the cellular response to genotoxic stress, PARP-1 is not required for survival and Parp-1−/− mice are viable and fertile. These mice do not develop early onset tumors and tumor latency is increased in PARP-1 knockout mice that are deficient for p53. Accordingly, here we observed that Parp-1−/− astrocytes display a marked proliferative decrease when compared with Parp-1+/+ astrocytes which express HRasV12, either in a Rb+/+ or in a Rb−/− context. Given that loss of PARP-1 are less susceptible to HRasV12 induced transformation, the inactivation of PARP-1 with chemical inhibitors is a potential therapeutic approach to restrain the tumor progression. Interestingly, in our model of gliomagenesis PARP-1 chemical inhibition (PJ34) leads to a significant fall in the proliferative rate in HRasV12 astrocytes comparable to Parp-1−/− astrocytes, and is also able to reduce tumor progression even when HRasV12 cooperates with Rb loss. These results indicate that treatment with PARP-1 inhibitors might be a potential therapy for this type of tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3947.