tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Identification of Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF)-5 Tumor Suppressor Function in Human Breast Cancer.
Authors: X. Bi, B. Barnes
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Background: Transcription factors of the IRF family participate in the early host response to pathogens, hematopoietic differentiation and immunomodulation. IRFs can regulate cell growth and apoptosis thereby affecting the susceptibility to and progression of cancer. IRF-1 was recently identified as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. Early evidence from our lab and others suggests that IRF-5 may also have tumor suppressor activities. Although loss of IRF-5 expression has recently been shown to enhance transformation by Ha-ras, very little is known of IRF-5 tumor suppressor function(s).Material and Methods: Using paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed human breast tissue specimens from 64 patients with varying stages of ductal carcinoma, we analyzed and compared the expression of IRF-1 and IRF-5 by immunofluorescence (IF). Clinical data, such as histological subtype, stage, and receptor expression (ER, PR Her-2) were available for clinicopathological correlations. Protein levels were also determined in normal human breast epithelial MCF-10A, and -12A cells, and in cancer cell lines MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, -468, and T47D by immunoblot and IF. By retroviral infection, we overexpressed IRF-5 in breast cancer cell lines or knocked-down IRF-5 in normal MCF-10A and -12A cells and examined cell growth, apoptosis, metastasis and sensitivity to cytotoxic stress. In vivo tumor suppressor function was determined in NCr nu/nu mice inoculated with MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 cells expressing or lacking IRF-5.Results: We confirmed recent data on IRF-1 revealing that it is expressed less frequently in tumor tissue of high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or invasive DC compared with normal breast tissue. Data from patient samples indicate a significant difference between IRF-1 and IRF-5 expression that was distinctly associated with breast cancer disease stages, including early-to-late stage DCIS, suggesting their utilization as prognostic indicators.Similar findings were made in breast cancer cell lines. We demonstrate that forced expression of IRF-5 in breast cancer cells inhibits colony formation, sensitizes cells to cytotoxic stress-induced apoptosis, inhibits metastasis, and tumor formation in nude mice. Conversely, knockdown of IRF-5 in MCF-10A and -12A cells resulted in resistance to stress-induced cell death.Discussion: Data from this study strongly support a tumor suppressor function for IRF-5 in breast cancer. Ultimately, the study is expected to lead us to the identification of new prognostic indicators and therapeutic approaches for the treatment of breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 3160.
Cancer and Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: S. Aylett
Journal: BMJ (1971)

Ulcerative colitis is a potential precursor of cancer of the colon or rectum. In a series of patients with ulcerative colitis operated on between 1952 and 1968 seven developed carcinoma in the residual rectal stump after total colectomy and ileorectal anastomis. After assessment of the risks of the other available forms of treatment, I believe that ileorectal anastomosis is the best operation in the majority of cases.
Improving Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Arthur S. Slutsky
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Suppression of murine melanoma growth with a combination of microwave hyperthermia and local injection of interleukin 2
Authors: J. NAKAYAMA, A. URABE, K. TOYOFUKU, S. TANIGUCHI, Y. HORI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Local microwave hyperthermia in combination with local injections of interleukin 2 (IL-2) was found to exert a remarkable suppressive effect on murine melanoma growth. Both of these therapeutic modalities caused marked tumour infiltration with natural killer cells. After microwave hyperthermia or IL-2 injection alone there was minimal T-cell infiltration, but T cells were more in evidence following combination therapy.
Letter: Nutrition rehabilitation.
Authors: M Church
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Nutrition rehabilitation: numbers of children4 Nutritional status (weight for age) Admission Discharge Follow-up Adequately nourished (>80",, Harvard mean) 0 1 (1,) 1 (10,) I malnutrition (71-80",, Harvard mean) 4* (3"<,) 10 (7,) 34 (24",,) II malnutrition (61-70", Harvard mean) 20* (14',) 45t (32,) 60 (43",,) III' malnutrition (<61",, Harvard mean) 116 (83",,) 84t (60",,) 45 (32",) Total 140 140 140 *With oedema.tWithout oedema.essential in the management of protein energy malnutrition.Some form of nutrition rehabilitation can provide this, but modifica- tions are necessary in different areas and controlled prospective evaluation would clarify the real benefits.
TYPHUS FEVER IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
Authors: L. M. POWERS
Journal: JAMA (1923)

My purpose is to call attention to the danger of typhus fever becoming endemic in the southwestern portion of the United States, and to urge the local authorities to action in preventing such a condition. Therefore, this paper is limited in its scope.  The first recognized and recorded cases of typhus fever in southern California occurred in the summer of 1916, when many Mexicans came to this section during a civil war in their own country. Many of these were of the peon class and came from districts of Mexico where this disease was endemic. The first case seen in Los Angeles came from a laboring camp of the Santa Fe Railroad in Arizona. The patient had visited El Paso on the border of old Mexico, and he was dead when I saw him. I made the diagnosis in collaboration with the necropsy surgeon of Los Angeles County. The patient's
Discharge destination and length of stay: differences between US and English hospitals for people aged 65 and over
Authors: Brian Jarman, Paul Aylin, Alex Bottle
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Discharge destination and length of stay: differences between US and English hospitals for people aged 65 and over Using nursing and community facilities and other forms of non-inpatient care to allow earlier discharge from hospital could help to alleviate some pressure on hospital bed capacity.This concept is utilised in the US model for hospital discharge, which provides strong financial incentives for acute hospitals not to keep patients longer than is necessary and to use various forms of intermediate care.This policy probably contributes to the > 50% shorter mean length of hospital stay in the United States.To compare the effectiveness of the two models in England and the United States,
Abstract 1046: Differential interactions between c-Src and c-Met mediate resistance to c-Src inhibitors
Authors: Banibrata Sen, Shaohua Peng, Babita Saigal, Michelle Williams, Faye M. Johnson
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Cancers of the head and neck are difficult to treat because both the therapy and the tumor impact essential functions such as speech and swallowing and they can also significantly alter facial appearance. One promising molecular target for which new agents have been developed is the Src family kinases (SFKs). SFK inhibition in cancer cells leads to an universal abrogation of invasion but a variable and weak effects on apoptosis and proliferation. The pathways downstream of c-Src promoting survival are not well-characterized. Because cancer therapy that both decreases invasion and induces significant apoptosis would be ideal for head and neck cancers, we sought to characterize the mechanisms of resistance to SFK inhibition in Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). SFKs were inhibited in a panel of oral cancer cell lines and the effects on subsequent survival and signaling were measured. The interactions between c-Src and c-Met were evaluated using immunoprecitation and their intrinsic kinase activity by in vitro kinase assay. Cytotoxicity was measured using an MTT assay and the Chou-Talalay combination index calculated. The in vivo effects of c-Met and SFK inhibitors were assessed using an orthotopic model of oral cancer. SFK inhibition resulted in c-Met inhibition in cell lines that were sensitive to SFK inhibitors, but not in resistant cell lines. Isolated c-Met act as a c-Src substrate in both sensitive and resistant cells, whereas distinct difference exists in c-Src and c-Met interaction in intact sensitive and resistant cells. The epidermal growth factor receptor contributed to c-Met activation in resistant cells whereas in sensitive cells c-Met acts as a direct downstream target for c-Src. We demonstrated the biological consequences of this mechanism in vitro with synergistic cytotoxicity and enhanced apoptosis when SFK and c-Met inhibitors were combined. Likewise, the combination resulted in decreased tumor size in vivo. In conclusion, we demonstrate that sustained c-Met activation can mediate resistance to SFK inhibition. The differences between c-Src and c-Met signaling in sensitive and resistant cells are not due to intrinsic structural changes in c-Src or c-Met, but rather to distinct interactions within the intact cells. The synergistic cytotoxic effects of SFK and c-Met inhibition may be important for the treatment of head and neck cancers and should be tested in future clinical trials. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1046. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1046
Effectiveness of routine ultrasonography in detecting fetal structural abnormalities in a low risk population.
Authors: L S Chitty, G H Hunt, J Moore, M O Lobb
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To review the efficacy of routine prenatal ultrasonography for detecting fetal structural abnormalities. DESIGN--Retrospective study of the ultrasonographic findings and outcome of all pregnancies in women scanned in 1988-9. SETTING--Maternity ultrasonography department of a district general hospital. SUBJECTS--8785 fetuses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Correlation of prenatal ultrasonographic findings with outcome in the neonate. RESULTS--8733 babies were born during 1988-9, and 52 pregnancies were terminated after a fetal malformation was identified. 8432 (95%) of the fetuses were examined by ultrasonography in the second trimester. 130 fetuses (1.5%) were found to have an abnormality at birth or after termination of pregnancy, 125 of which had been examined in the second trimester. In 93 cases the abnormality was detected before 24 weeks (sensitivity 74.4%, 95% confidence interval to 66.7% to 82.1%. Two false positive diagnoses occurred, in both cases the pregnancies were not terminated and apparently normal infants were born. This gives a specificity of 99.98% (99.9% to 99.99%). The positive predictive value of ultrasonography in the second trimester was 97.9% (92.6% to 99.7%). Of the 125 abnormalities, 87 were lethal or severely disabling; 72 of the 87 were detected by the routine screening programme (sensitivity 82.8%, 73.2% to 90.0%). CONCLUSION--Routine fetal examination by ultrasonography in a low risk population detects many fetal structural abnormalities but can present several dilemmas in counselling.
Use of the Caco-2 cell model to assess the relative lead-chelating ability of diasterioisomers of 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid.
Authors: E A Pigman, J R Lott, Q Fernando, J Blanchard
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanisms of lead (Pb) uptake by human intestinal cells and to compare the intestinal transport and relative lead-chelating ability of two diastereoisomeric forms (i.e., meso and racemic) of 2, 3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). The model used was the human adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cell monolayer. The Caco-2 cells were cultured in flasks for examination of cellular uptake of lead and subsequent chelation of the lead by the DMSA isomers. For assessment of the comparative intestinal transport of the diastereoisomers, the Caco-2 cells were cultured on semipermeable supports. The effects of N-ethylmaleimide and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (vitamin D3) on the uptake of lead by the Caco-2 monolayer were examined to determine the contributions of sulfhydryl-binding and calcium-binding protein, respectively, to the lead uptake process. Analysis of lead was performed using both macro- and micro-proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), and DMSA was measured spectrophotometrically following derivatization with 5,5'-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid. Results from micro-PIXE imaging suggest that lead is bound on the surface of the cell, and that sulfhydryl binding may be an important step in the uptake of lead by the Caco-2 cells. Macro-PIXE results indicate that the racemic form of DMSA may be more effective in chelating lead from within the cell. Comparison of the transport of the two DMSA diastereoisomers indicates that the racemic form is transported across the Caco-2 monolayer more readily than the meso form.
Studies of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Action Using nRH Receptor-Expressing Pituitary Cell Lines*
Authors: Ursula B. Kaiser, P. Michael Conn, William W. Chin
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1997)

I. Introduction II. GnRHR Structure Analysis III. Studies of GnRH Action in αT3-1 Cells A. Derivation of αT3-1 cells B. Characterization of αT3-1 cells C. GnRH binding D. GnRHR regulation 1. Homologous regulation by GnRH 2. Regulation by gonadal steroid hormones 3. Regulation by gonadal peptides 4. Regulation by second messenger activators E. Intracellular second messengers 1. G protein coupling 2. Inositol phosphates 3. Intracellular calcium 4. Protein kinase C 5. cAMP 6. Mitogen-activated protein kinases F. α-Subunit gene expression 1. Cell-specific expression 2. GnRH-stimulated expression G. Desensitization H. Summary of GnRH action in αT3-1 cells IV. Studies of GnRH Action in GH3 Cells Transfected with the GnRH Receptor (GGH3 Cells) A. Derivation of GH3 cells B. Characterization of GH3 cells C. Derivation of GH3 cells transfected with the GnRHR (GGH3 cells) D. GnRH binding E. GnRHR regulation F. Intracellular second messengers 1. G protein coupling 2. Inositol phosphates 3. cAMP G. Regulation of secre...
MEDICINE'S ATTRACTIONS AND DETRACTIONS
Authors: C. Henry Kempe
Journal: JAMA (1960)

In looking toward tomorrow's medical student, the medical profession should examine present day medicine's attractions and detractions. Physicians involved in medical education, representatives of organized medicine, and society as a whole are intimately concerned with what the future holds in regard to medical manpower and its quality. There is much tangible evidence that organized medicine is concerned about medical education. Student loan funds sponsored by medical societies, financial aid by practicing physicians to medical schools through the medium of the American Medical Education Fund, and annual conferences such as the ones sponsored by the American Medical Association bear this out. Organized medicine is aware of the serious financial problems faced by many medical schools, which interfere with any possible lowering of tuition and prevent provision of adequate assistance to medical students through sufficient and realistic loan funds and scholarships. The Council on Medical Education has suggested that at least 10
Somatostatin-receptor scintigraphy in primary breast cancer
Authors: C.H.J. van Eijck, J. Jeekel, E.P. Krenning, A. Bootsma, S.W.J. Lamberts, H.Y. Oei, J. Lindemans, R. van Pel, J.C. Reubi
Journal: The Lancet (1994)
Redefining the Role of Antiarrhythmic Drugs
Authors: Philip J. Podrid
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

The growing recognition of the potentially harmful effects of antiarrhythmic drugs1 and the subsequent proof from controlled trials that some of these drugs can increase the risk of death in some patients have led to a decline in their use.2,3 This change in practice has been fueled by the widespread application of nonpharmacologic therapies, such as implantable defibrillators and radio-frequency catheter ablation, which have now become the dominant types of therapy for many patients with ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.4,5 Although these new forms of technology have become first-line therapy for some arrhythmias, there may still be a role . . .
THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF POSTOPERATIVE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION.
Authors: DANIEL H. CRAIG
Journal: JAMA (1907)

In three previous papers<sup>1</sup>I have reported the results in the study of this subject, and I am led to speak of it again at this time not alone because my continued study of the subject convinces me of its soundness and great value, which view is shared by many who have employed my suggestions, but more especially because I desire to benefit by the discussion of this matter by the great field embraced only in the membership of this organization. To review the action of eserin salicylate on the intestine I shall quote from my first paper: To prevent any occurrence it must first be thoroughly understood. It was, therefore, first necessary to understand how and why celiotomy produced paresis. This question is entirely elucidated by the peculiar anatomy and physiology of the intestine. With both the anatomy and physiology of the intestine every one here is familiar
Unsuccessful trial of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine in verruca vulgaris.
Authors: W. F. Gallagher, H. P. Baden
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1965)

Journal Article Unsuccessful trial of 5‐iodo‐2′‐deoxyuridine in verruca vulgaris. Get access W. F. Gallagher, W. F. Gallagher Boston, Mass Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. P. Baden H. P. Baden Boston, Mass Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 77, Issue 8-9, 1 August 1965, Page 473, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1965.tb14681.x Published: 01 August 1965
1059 PHASE 2 RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, PLACEBO- CONTROLLED STUDY OF NITAZOXANIDE WITH PEGINTERFERON ALFA-2A AND RIBAVIRIN IN NONRESPONDERS (NR) WITH CHRONIC HCV GENOTYPE 1: WEEK 28 INTERIM ANALYSIS
Authors: M. Shiffman, A. Ahmed, I. Jacobson, R. Pruitt, E. Keeffe
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Carbenicillin-Induced Acidosis and Seizures
Authors: Andrew Whelton, Gordon G. Carter, Mary Ann Garth, Mamdough O. Darwish, W. Gordon Walker
Journal: JAMA (1971)

A patient with chronic, active pyelonephritis was treated with carbenicillin disodium, a drug that is generally accepted as having low toxicity to the central nervous system. While receiving a high dose of the drug the patient developed a combination of acute metabolic acidosis and grand mal seizures. The seizures, and in large part the acute acidosis, were the results of excessively high blood levels of carbenicillin which accumulated in the presence of nonoliguric renal impairment.
On line prescribing by computer.
Authors: J B Donald
Journal: BMJ (1986)

A computer is used to produce all prescriptions for patients seen in the consulting room in this practice. This method of prescribing improves safety, saves time, decreases prescribing costs, and provides an instant audit of all important prescribing parameters. In addition, treatment is rationalised and patients are given an improved service. An analysis of my own practice prescriptions showed that only 31% were repeat prescriptions, and this concurs with national figures. This means that the savings in costs are not likely to be substantial; however, when all prescribing is done by computer from a limited drug formulary then these savings may be appreciable.
Human Blood CXCR5+CD4+ T Cells Are Counterparts of T Follicular Cells and Contain Specific Subsets that Differentially Support Antibody Secretion
Authors: Rimpei Morita, Nathalie Schmitt, Salah-Eddine Bentebibel, Rajaram Ranganathan, Laure Bourdery, Gerard Zurawski, Emile Foucat, Melissa Dullaers, SangKon Oh, Natalie Sabzghabaei, Elizabeth M. Lavecchio, Marilynn Punaro, Virginia Pascual, Jacques Banchereau, Hideki Ueno
Journal: Immunity (2011)
Obstetrics / Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences
Authors: Edward C. Hill
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Advances in clinical research have been made along a broad front in obstetrics, gynecology, and the reproductive sciences. Some of these have found almost immediate clinical applicability, and they are exciting in the promise of more effective management of such diverse problems as precocious puberty, delayed puberty, cryptorchidism, endometriosis, breast and prostatic cancer, contraception, infertility due to tubo-ovarian disease, and pelvic inflammatory disease. These advances, reported during the past 18 months, can be divided into three areas: (1) the use of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its analogs, (2) changing concepts of the nature and treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease, and (3) a nonsurgical method of in vivo surrogate ovum fertilization and transfer. The role of the hypothalamus in the neurohormonal control of the reproductive system is well established. Schally and co-workers<sup>1</sup>have defined the structure and subsequently synthesized the polypeptide GnRH. This hormone, a product of the neurosecretory cells
HOMICIDE AND WEATHER
Authors: ALEX D. POKORNY, FRED DAVIS
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1964)

The 106 homicides occurring in Houston in 1960, in which the time of occurrence could be established, were studied in terms of weather conditions at such times. Eleven weather variables were studied on an hour-by-hour basis for the entire year (temperature, wind speed, wind direction, barometric pressure, relative humidity, visibility, ceiling height, rain, fog, thunderstorms, and cloudiness). The distribution for all hours of the year was obtained, and this was compared with the distribution for the hours during which homicides occurred. No single significant relationship was found. The 28 northerly fronts of 1960 were not found to be associated with any change in homicide rates. Month and season likewise showed no significant relationship. It is concluded that homicide is not significantly related to weather phenomena.