tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Possible new relief for premenstrual syndrome
Authors: M. Kathryn Simmons
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Treatments for premenstrual syndrome, or PMS, seem as varied as the symptoms themselves. Now to add to this diversity, Carlos Soto-Albors, MD, director of the PMS clinic and research fellow in reproductive endocrinology at the University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, has found in preliminary studies that 80% of 50 patients who suffer from PMS obtain relief from a new treatment, administration of spironolactone, an aldosterone antagonist. Premenstrual discomfort is characterized by one or more symptoms ranging from breast tenderness, weight gain, abdominal bloating, and headache to anxiety, irritability, crying spells, depression, and even violence (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1981;245:1393-1396). These symptoms occur up to two weeks before menstruation in 70% to 90% of all women of childbearing age. In 5% to 40% of these women, symptoms are severe enough to substantially interfere with their lives and warrant the designation "PMS." There are also connections between PMS and psychiatric illnesses (<i>JAMA</i>
The cytokine TGF-β co-opts signaling via STAT3-STAT4 to promote the differentiation of human TFH cells
Authors: Nathalie Schmitt, Yang Liu, Salah-Eddine Bentebibel, Indira Munagala, Laure Bourdery, K Venuprasad, Jacques Banchereau, Hideki Ueno
Journal: Nature Immunology (2014)
Enhancing National Policy and Programs to Address Elder Abuse
Authors: XinQi Dong
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bioavailability of soil-adsorbed cadmium in orally exposed male rats.
Authors: P A Schilderman, E J Moonen, P Kempkers, J C Kleinjans
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

During the last few decades, the industrial production and use of Cd resulted in the release of significant quantities of Cd into the environment. Concern about health risks of human exposure to this toxic metal, which may be contained in soil and other environmental compartments, has increased significantly in recent years. Soil ingestion is a potentially important pathway of exposure to soil-absorbed environmental contaminants, especially for young children exhibiting hand-to-mouth behavior. Health risk assessments are usually based on unchanged bioavailability of soil-absorbed pollutants, e.g., heavy metals, neglecting interactions of metals with the soil matrix, which may lead to relatively lower bioavailability. This study was conducted to determine the bioavailability of Cd absorbed to soil in rats. Eight-week-old male Lewis rats were given either a soil polluted with CdCl2 (150 micrograms Cd/rat) dissolved in 5% gun acacia or an equal amount of Cd as CdCl2 dissolved in saline. Control rats were gavaged with isotonic saline. Cd concentrations in liver, kidney, brain, heart, and blood, as well as Cd content of urine and feces were analyzed using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Tissue Cd concentrations in soil-treated animals were significantly lower than the tissue concentrations in the Cd-saline group; in the liver and kidneys of the Cd-saline and Cd-soil groups, 4 and 2.7% respectively, of the original doses were recovered. Relative bioavailability, calculated on the basis of blood Cd levels for the Cd-soil group as compared to the Cd-saline group, appeared to be 43%. No differences in the excretion pattern of Cd into feces were observed between the Cd-saline and Cd-soil groups. After 6 days, over 91% of the original dose was recovered in the feces of both Cd-treated groups. Cd excretion via urine was very low, but in the Cd-soil group a significant increase in urinary Cd was observed as compared to the control group. However, the amount of Cd excreted into urine of the Cd-soil group during the experimental period corresponded to only 0.01% of the original dose. In the Cd-saline group, no additional Cd was excreted into urine as compared to the control group. These results indicate that the soil matrix significantly reduced the absorption of Cd in the gastrointestinal tract. Consequently, exposure assessment models, assuming an unaffected bioavailability of soil-absorbed Cd, overestimate the internal dose and thereby overestimate health risks associated with direct ingestion of soil particles.
Long term treatment with recombinat alfa2 interferon in patients with chronic delta hepatitis and human immunodeficiency antibodies
Authors: M. Buti, R. Esteban, M. Roget, R. Jardi, H. Allende, JM Cascuberta, L. Viladomiu, JC Lopez-Talavera, J Guardia
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1989)
PUVA and cancer risk: the Swedish follow-up study
Authors: None LindelÖF, None Sigurgeirsson, None Tegner, None LarkÖ, None Johannesson, None Berne, None Ljunggren, None Andersson, None Molin, None Nylander-Lundqvist, None Emtestam
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

There is concern about the long-term carcinogenic effects of psoralen and ultraviolet A radiation (PUVA) for treatment of skin disorders. Many authors have found an increased risk for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Except in anecdotal reports, malignant melanoma had not been observed in patients treated with PUVA until recently. In the U.S.A., a 16-centre prospective study of 1380 patients showed for the first time that there might also be an increased risk for malignant melanoma in patients treated with high cumulative dosages of PUVA. We have therefore followed up the Swedish PUVA cohort until 1994. This cohort had previously been followed up until 1985. Information from 4799 Swedish patients (2343 men, 2456 women) who had received PUVA between 1974 and 1985 was linked to the compulsory Swedish Cancer Registry in order to identify individuals with cancer. The average follow-up period was 15.9 years for men and 16.2 for women. We did not find any increased risk for malignant melanoma in our total cohort of 4799 patients treated with PUVA or in a subcohort comprising 1867 patients followed for 15-21 years. For cutaneous SCC there was an increase in the risk: the relative risk was 5.6 (95% confidence interval, CI 4. 4-7.1) for men and 3.6 (95% CI 2.1-5.8) for women. Significant (P < 0.05) increases were also found in the incidence of respiratory cancer in men and women and of kidney cancer in women. In conclusion, we did not find any increased risk for malignant melanoma in our patients treated with high doses of PUVA and followed up for a long time. We confirm previous reports of an increase in the incidence of cutaneous SCC in patients treated with PUVA, and recommend that patients should be carefully selected for PUVA and rigorously followed up.
Promotion of tumor cell metastasis and vasculogenic mimicry by way of transcription coactivation by Bcl-2 and Twist1: A study of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tao Sun, Bao-cun Sun, Xiu-lan Zhao, Nan Zhao, Xue-yi Dong, Na Che, Zhi Yao, Yue-mei Ma, Qiang Gu, Wen-kang Zong, Zhi-yong Liu
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

The antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 plays multiple roles in apoptosis, immunity, and autophagy. Its expression in tumors correlates with tumor grade and malignancy. The recapitulation of the normal developmental process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to tumor cell plasticity. This process is also a characteristic of metastatic cells and vasculogenic mimicry. In the present study we report functional and structural interactions between Bcl-2 and the EMT-regulating transcription factor Twist1 and the relationship with metastasis and vascular mimicry. Bcl-2 and Twist1 are coexpressed under hypoxia conditions. The Bcl-2 can bind to Twist1 in vivo and in vitro . This interaction involves basic helix-loop-helix DNA binding domain within Twist1 and through two separate domains within Bcl-2 protein. Formation of the Bcl-2/Twist1 complex facilitates the nuclear transport of Twist1 and leads to transcriptional activation of wide ranges of genes that can increase the tumor cell plasticity, metastasis, and vasculogenic mimicry. Finally, nuclear expression of Bcl-2 and Twist1 is correlated with poor survival of these patients in a cohort of 97 cases of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusion: The results describe a novel function of Bcl-2 in EMT induction, provide insight into tumor progression, and implicate the Bcl-2/Twist1 complex as a potential target for developing chemotherapeutics. (Hepatology 2011;)
IL-12 triggers a programmatic change in dysfunctional myeloid-derived cells within mouse tumors
Authors: Sid P. Kerkar, Romina S. Goldszmid, Pawel Muranski, Dhanalakshmi Chinnasamy, Zhiya Yu, Robert N. Reger, Anthony J. Leonardi, Richard A. Morgan, Ena Wang, Francesco M. Marincola, Giorgio Trinchieri, Steven A. Rosenberg, Nicholas P. Restifo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Solid tumors are complex masses with a local microenvironment, or stroma, that supports tumor growth and progression. Among the diverse tumor-supporting stromal cells is a heterogeneous population of myeloid-derived cells. These cells are alternatively activated and contribute to the immunosuppressive environment of the tumor; overcoming their immunosuppressive effects may improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. We recently found that engineering tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells to secrete the inflammatory cytokine IL-12 improved their therapeutic efficacy in the B16 mouse model of established melanoma. Here, we report the mechanism underlying this finding. Surprisingly, direct binding of IL-12 to receptors on lymphocytes or NK cells was not required. Instead, IL-12 sensitized bone marrow-derived tumor stromal cells, including CD11b(+)F4/80(hi) macrophages, CD11b(+)MHCII(hi)CD11c(hi) dendritic cells, and CD11b(+)Gr-1(hi) myeloid-derived suppressor cells, causing them to enhance the effects of adoptively transferred CD8(+) T cells. This reprogramming of myeloid-derived cells occurred partly through IFN-γ. Surprisingly, direct presentation of antigen to the transferred CD8(+) T cells by tumor was not necessary; however, MHCI expression on host cells was essential for IL-12-mediated antitumor enhancements. These results are consistent with a model in which IL-12 enhances the ability of CD8(+) T cells to collapse large vascularized tumors by triggering programmatic changes in otherwise suppressive antigen-presenting cells within tumors and support the use of IL-12 as part of immunotherapy for the treatment of solid tumors.
Interpretation of Serum Creatine Kinase in Suspected Myocardial Infarction
Authors: B. B. Scott, A. V. Simmons, K. E. Newton, R. B. Payne
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Serum creatine kinase (CK) was measured in blood donors, patients admitted to hospital with suspected myocardial infarction, and healthy hospital personnel to investigate the normal range, the daily variation in healthy people, and the effect of intramuscular injections of pentazocine or diamorphine.There was considerable daily variation in the healthy controls, apparently related to exercise. In defining both the normal range and the significance of day-to-day increases in the serum CK account should be taken of this factor. An upper limit of normal of 210 IU/1. Should apply to previously ambulant patients and of 165 IU/1. to patients previously at rest. An increase greater than 85% in successive daily values is uncommon in health.Intramuscular injections of both pentazocine and diamorphine caused a significant rise in the serum CK in six out of 25 patients. The highest rise observed was from 64 IU/1. to 395 IU/1. Caution is therefore urged in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction from the serum CK values when these intramuscular injections have been given.
Abortion and the Law
Authors: G. Hall
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>Abortion: Legal and Illegal, A Dialogue Between Attorneys and Psychiatrists,</h3> edited by Jerome M. Kummer, 63 pp, paper, $2.95, Santa Monica, Calif: Jerome M. Kummer, MD (PO Drawer 769), 1967. In four states there are no exceptions to the illegality of an abortion and in nearly all the rest the only exception applies to saving the mother's life. These few words, "save the mother's life," represent most of the turmoil now seething in this country relative to the subject of abortion. In 1962 an Arizona woman, unable to obtain an abortion in her home state, went to Sweden, convinced the authorities that her child might be born deformed because of her use of thalidomide and obtained an abortion. In 1962 the American Law Institute adopted a model penal code which, among other things, would permit an abortion to preserve a mother's life or health, to prevent the birth of a
When Should a Mechanically Ventilated Patient Undergo Tracheostomy?
Authors: Derek C. Angus
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Experts consider how to tackle overtreatment in US healthcare
Authors: J. Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The first randomised study of coronary artery bypass surgery was not carried out until 16 years after the procedure was first developed, a conference on overtreatment in US healthcare was told last week. When the results were published, they “provided no comfort for those doing the surgery,” as it showed no mortality benefit from surgery for stable coronary patients.

This example of surgeons embracing an expensive and invasive technique before it had been properly evaluated was given by Bernard Lown, professor emeritus of cardiology at the Harvard School of Public Health. He was speaking at the Avoiding Avoidable Care conference in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on 25 and 26 April, at which experts met to explore what drives overtreatment and how to reduce it.

Lown, who is now in his 90s, told the audience, “I’ve been waiting 60 …
Current clinical challenges and opportunities in oncologists' familiarity and understanding of immuno-oncology
Authors: Tara Herrmann, Charlotte Warren
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Advances in understanding of the immune system are changing the way oncologists treat cancer. In recent years, researchers have increasingly looked to harnessing the patient's immune system in the management of difficult to treat cancers. While such an approach was once felt to be
P4-14-01: Weight-Adjusted Change of Unilateral Arm Volumes for Quantification of Lymphedema after Bilateral Breast Surgery.
Authors: CL Miller, MC Specht, M Ancukiewicz, MN Skolny, ‘Toole J O, AG Taghian
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Accurate quantification of breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) is important for early detection and successful management. Arm volume changes after unilateral breast surgery can be calculated through relative volume change (RVC) of the affected arm using the contralateral arm as a control (Ancukiewicz et al Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 79(5):1436–43 2011). However there currently exists no accurate method for quantifying arm volume changes in patients after bilateral breast surgery. As the number of women undergoing bilateral mastectomies continues to increase, it is critical to develop a method to quantify arm volume changes in this population for detection of lymphedema. Our aim was to develop a weight-adjusted formula for unilateral arm volume changes independent of the contralateral arm for application in the setting of bilateral breast surgery. Materials and Methods: We analyzed longitudinal measurements of arm volumes in 141 unilaterally affected patients undergoing screening for BCRL with a perometer at our institution (71 with left affected and 70 with right affected arms). Each patient had a baseline measurement prior to surgery and at least one post-surgical measurement. Median time of follow-up was 27.5 months and median standard deviation of longitudinal weight changes within patients during follow-up was 3%. Results: Unilateral arm volume changes of the unaffected arm were correlated with weight changes at the last follow-up point (Kendall's tau=.58 and P&amp;lt;.0001). Estimates of slope and intercept for median regression line between percent weight change and percent arm volume change evaluated for the unaffected arm at last follow-up are, respectively, .90 [95% CI] and .009 [95% CI]. Thus, percent weight change and percent arm volume change in the unaffected arm have an approximately linear relationship, such that the weight adjusted change (WAC) of affected unilateral arm volumes can be calculated according to the formula WAC=(A2*W1)/(W2*A1) — 1, where A1 is pre-surgical baseline arm volume on the affected side and A2 is post-surgical arm volume on the affected side, and W1, W2 are the patient's weights at these time points. Weight-adjusted change showed a strong correlation with RVC (RVC=(A2*U1)/(U2*A1) — 1), where A1, A2 are arm volumes on the side of the affected breast, and U1, U2 are volumes on the contralateral side at these time points (Kendall's tau=.41, P&amp;lt;.0001). Discussion: Unilateral arm volume changes can be quantified by adjusting for weight changes. We propose the weight-adjusted change (WAC) formula to calculate unilateral arm volume changes for detection and monitoring of BCRL in patients who undergo bilateral breast surgery. The validity of such a formula needs to be assessed in conjunction with clinically reported lymphedema. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-14-01.
Submission to multiple journals to reduce publication times
Authors: Prabhat Kumar Sinha
Journal: BMJ (2005)

a banner headline on the front page of a popular tabloid newspaper read: "Cancer danger of folic acid" on the basis of a paper by Charles et al on taking folate in pregnancy and risk of maternal breast cancer. 1 2 Although coverage in the broadsheets was more balanced, the overall message would inevitably cause concern to women taking folate to reduce the risk of fetal neural tube defect in a desired pregnancy.Despite the likelihood that the most likely explanation for the reported association is chance, as reported in the commentary to the paper, 2 numerous susceptible women will probably not take folate, and some of these may conceive fetuses with neural tube defects.In addition, what company or government will take responsibility for fortification of wheat and corn flour with folate, now that this question has been raised?The authors themselves point out that the numbers are small and the confidence intervals large.The risk was also associated with a much larger dose of folate than is routinely used to reduce the risk of neural tube defects.Those who write such papers and those who publish them cannot disclaim ethical responsibility for how the data are interpreted and must consider more carefully their ethical responsibilities in such situations.
The durability of early career choices
Authors: J. M. Brown
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Objective</h3> To describe exiting family medicine (FM) residents’ reported practice intentions after completing a Triple C Competency-based Curriculum. <h3>Design</h3> The surveys were intended to capture residents’ perceptions of FM, their perceptions of their competency-based training, and their intentions to practise FM. Entry (T1) and exit (T2) self-reported survey results were compared considering the influence of the curriculum change. Unmatched aggregate-level data were reviewed. The T1 survey was administered in the summer of 2012 and the T2 survey was administered in the spring of 2014. <h3>Setting</h3> Six Canadian FM residency programs across 4 provinces in Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan, Ontario, and Quebec). <h3>Participants</h3> Overall, 341 entering FM residents in 2012 responded to the T1 survey and 325 exiting FM residents completing their residency programs in spring 2014 responded to the T2 survey. <h3>Main outcome measures</h3> Self-reported data on FM residents’ future practice intentions related to comprehensive care, providing care across clinical domains and settings, and providing comprehensive care individually or in teams. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 341 (71.3%) residents responded to the T1 survey and a total of 325 (71.4%) residents responded to the T2 survey. Of these, 78.7% responded that they intended to provide comprehensive FM in multiple clinical settings in their future practices, with 70.8% indicating a comprehensive care practice with a special interest and 36.6% intending to provide care in a focused practice. Overall, 92.9% reported that they intended to work in group practice environments. Ninety percent reported they intended to work in interprofessional team practices. <h3>Conclusion</h3> While an upward trend toward the practice of comprehensive care was demonstrated, findings also showed an increased trend toward providing care in focused practices. Further research is needed to better determine how FM residents understand the definition of comprehensive FM and its practice models. The survey provides an opportunity to explore questions related to practice intentions that could be helpful in work force planning. As the first study to compare entry and exit data from learners who have been exposed to a Triple C competency-based approach, this survey provides important baseline data for use by many.
Duodenal haematoma due to carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater.
Authors: R. R. Ghose, A. L. Wells
Journal: BMJ (1968)

effects, as Beaconsfield and his colleagues' maintain, surely the kind of evaluation of them which is required is different from that which we read about ?What is the type of testing for drugs taken in the long term that they have mentioned ?3 Has it been spelt out anywhere and I have missed it ?If new testing is required, whose responsibility is it to see that it is done ?And in which way can this help to improve the present pill ?I am, etc.,