tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ECCENTRIC TRAINING IMPROVES TENDON BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES: A RAT MODEL
Authors: Jean-François Kaux, Pierre Drion, Vincent Libertiaux, Alain Colige, Audrey Hoffmann, Betty Nusgens, Bénédicte Forthomme, Caroline Le Goff, Rachelle Franzen, Markus Rickert, Jean-Michel Crielaard, Jean-Louis Croisier
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background Even if eccentric exercises appear favourable in primary prevention of tendons lesions and, especially, in secondary prevention after tendinopathy, the biomechanical changes to the tissue are not yet clear. Objective We aimed to better define the biomechanical changes that affect healthy tendon after eccentric and concentric training. Design Randomised controlled trial. Setting Animal study. Participants 18 Sprague-Dawley rats of 2 months. Interventions The 6 rats in the control group (U) were not subjected to physical exercise. The 12 remaining rats (6 in each group) ran on a treadmill set at a +15° incline for concentric training (C) or a −15° incline for eccentric training (E), at a speed of 17 m/min for 1 h, three times per week for 5 weeks. Main outcome measurements The tricipital, patellar and Achilles tendons were subsequently removed to perform a traction test until rupture, and a histological analysis was performed. Results There was a significant improvement in the rupture force of the patellar and tricipital tendons between the U and E groups. The tricipital tendons in the control group presented a significantly smaller cross-section than the E- and C-trained groups, but none between E and C groups. No significant difference was observed for the mechanical stress at rupture per surface unit between the three groups for all three tendons. However, a tendency towards improvement these values was observed between the trained and the U groups for the patellar tendon. Histological studies demonstrated the tendency of the development of a greater number of blood vessels and a larger quantity of collagen in the eccentric group. Conclusions The mechanical properties of tendons in rats improve after specific training, especially following eccentric training. Our results partly explained how mechanical loading, especially in eccentric mode, could improve the tendon structure and perhaps prevent to tendon pathologies.
High-dose aspirin inhibits shear-induced platelet reaction involving thrombin generation.
Authors: C P Ratnatunga, S F Edmondson, G M Rees, I B Kovacs
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND A unifying concept of explaining all pharmacological actions of aspirin by the irreversible blockage of the enzyme cyclooxygenase and therefore the inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis has left many unanswered questions. METHODS AND RESULTS Two hundred ninety-four patients taking 75 mg/day aspirin were tested 3 months after coronary artery bypass surgery. Platelet thromboxane formation (whole blood aggregation to arachidonate) was completely prevented in 80% of patients. Compared with matched healthy controls (n = 95), a significant platelet hyperreactivity was observed in patients (p less than 0.0001 versus less than 0.002). Ninety patients were advised to increase their daily dose of aspirin from 75 mg to 300 mg. Platelet reactivity retested 1 month after increasing the dose has significantly decreased (p = 0.0008; less than 0.0001), whereas it remained unchanged in those patients (n = 84) who continued with the same dose regimens. In normal subjects, ingestion of a single 600-mg aspirin significantly inhibited shear-induced platelet reaction. CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that aspirin does affect the platelet response to shear forces, but this requires higher dosage (greater than 300 mg/day), suggesting a mechanism probably different from that of interference with thromboxane formation.
Pretreatment with recombinant murine tumor necrosis factor alpha/cachectin and murine interleukin 1 alpha protects mice from lethal bacterial infection.
Authors: A S Cross, J C Sadoff, N Kelly, E Bernton, P Gemski
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

Tumor necrosis factor/cachectin (TNF/C) is the principal mediator of bacterial endotoxin-induced shock and death. We found that the C3H/HeJ mouse, which is less able to produce TNF/C in response to endotoxin, has a 1,000-fold greater susceptibility to lethal infection with Escherichia coli than the TNF-responsive congenic mouse, C3H/HeN. This surprising finding suggested that this lethal peptide may also be involved in host protection. To test this hypothesis we pretreated the C3H/HeJ mouse with a combination of recombinant murine TNF/C-alpha and IL-1 alpha. This combination protected these mice against an intraperitoneal bacterial challenge of greater than 20 LD50S (nearly 2 x 10(2) CFU) that grew to a level of greater than 10(7) CFU/ml of blood and per gram of liver in untreated mice. This suggests a significant role for these cytokines in host defenses against invasive infections that require bacterial replication within the host. These protective mechanisms may not be important for less virulent organisms. These findings may have important implications for the proposed use of anti-TNF/C agents in the treatment of septic shock.
Strategies for Recruitment and Retention of Participants in Clinical Trials
Authors: Jeffrey L. Probstfield, Robert L. Frye
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bacteriological Efficiency of a Standardized Cleansing and Disinfection Technique for Duodenoscopes
Authors: J. Schenk, J. Riemann, P. Schroll, W. Gräf
Journal: Endoscopy (1978)

Adequate cleansing and disinfection of the endoscopes is desirable to prevent bacteriaemia and septicemia following gastrointestinal endoscopy, especially endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and duodenoscopic sphincterotomy. A practical method, proved in our department over a period of 12 months, is described. As the result of this standardized cleansing and disinfection technique using the aldehyde derivative Gigasept (succine dialdehyde and 2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran) in a 10% concentration as chemical disinfectant, sterile cultures from the biopsy channel were obtained in 75% of tested instruments. The remaining fiberscopes exhibited only a few bacteria left, resulting in a sufficient success of disinfection according to hygienic standards.
Therapy for Mental Stress–Induced Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Arthur Shiyovich
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Hepatitis Knowledge Base
Authors: LIONEL M. BERNSTEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

The Hepatitis Knowledge Base is a prototype computerized information-transfer system aimed at supporting the health practitioner's day-to-day diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment decisions concerned with viral hepatitis. An overview of information-transfer problems in biomedicine is presented and issues pertinent to the knowledge-base concept are discussed. The following research activities are described: selection and organization of the content of the initial draft of the complete Hepatitis Knowledge Base; the method for consensus development by a nationally distributed panel of collaborating experts on the subject matter; methods for updating the knowledge base and maintaining its currency over time; use of a computer conferencing network as the principal medium of communication among the geographically dispersed experts and the project staff; support of on-line access to the knowledgebase contents; and formative evaluation of the above methods and limited field testing of the access system.
Influence of acid rain upon water plumbosolvency.
Authors: M R Moore
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

The West of Scotland has had particular problems in the past associated with soft acidic water supplies and uptake of lead from domestic plumbing systems by such water. As a consequence of this, health problems related to overexposure to lead have been identified. The current debate on acidification of ground waters by acid rain is therefore particularly pertinent to this area. Studies have shown that even a modest decrease in pH will result in very substantial increase in plumbosolvency. This was found to be of particular importance in the city of Glasgow and town of Ayr, where prior to water treatment, pH values were 6.3 and 5.4, respectively, and where, consequentially, large numbers of homes did not comply with lead in water standards. Closed-loop lime-dosing systems were introduced in both Glasgow and Ayr to increase the pH with immediate decrease in the lead content of the water and, subsequently, blood lead concentrations of the subjects living in these areas. Such closed-loop systems will compensate for any acidity in water supplies, whether of natural origin or originating from acid rain precipitation. However, when such treatment has not been applied, any increase in water acidity due to acid rain which is, in many cases, already unacceptable. which is, in many cases, already unacceptable.
Differential control by arterial and portal noradrenaline of hepatic carbohydrate metabolism: Evidence for an indirect hemodynamic mechanism
Authors: Hisayuki Miura, Kurt Jungermann, Andreas Gardemann
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

In an earlier study it was found (a) that arterial noradrenaline caused increases in glucose and lactate output slower in onset, smaller in peak height and clearly longer in duration than those caused by portal noradrenaline and (b) that arterial noradrenaline was extracted to a much greater extent than portal noradrenaline. It is possible that the differences in the actions of arterial and portal noradrenaline were due to the different hemodynamic changes; arterial noradrenaline reduced hepatic flow more strongly and with different kinetics than did portal noradrenaline. Therefore the effects of arterial and portal noradrenaline were investigated in isolated rat liver, single-pass perfused through both the hepatic artery (100 cm H2O, 30% flow) and the portal vein (15 cm H2O, 70% flow), after inhibition of the hemodynamic alterations by the Ca2+ antagonist nifedipine. We found (a) that nifedipine inhibited the hemodynamic changes by arterial noradrenaline strongly and those by portal noradrenaline slightly, (b) that the remaining hemodynamic alterations in the presence of high concentrations of the Ca2+ antagonist (100 mumol/L)--slight decrease in portal flow with unaffected arterial flow--were essentially identical after arterial and portal application of noradrenaline, (c) that the pronounced kinetic differences in the alterations by arterial and portal noradrenaline of glucose and lactate balance were diminished by 50 mumol/L nifedipine and abolished by 100 mumol/L of the Ca2+ antagonist and (d) that the different hepatic extractions of arterial and portal noradrenaline were greatly reduced and almost equalized by nifedipine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer: For Whom?
Authors: Laurence Klotz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) -based prostate cancer screening results in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in many men who are not destined to have clinical progression during their lifetime. Good-risk prostate cancer, defined as a Gleason score of 6 or less, PSA < 10, and T1c to T2a, now constitutes 50% of newly diagnosed prostate cancer. In most of these patients, the disease is indolent and slow growing. The challenge is to identify those patients who are unlikely to experience significant progression while offering radical therapy to those who are at risk. The approach to favorable-risk prostate cancer described in this article uses estimation of PSA doubling time (PSA DT) to stratify patients according to the risk of progression. Patients who select this approach are managed initially with active surveillance. Those who have a PSA DT of 3 years or less (based on a minimum of three determinations over 6 months) are offered radical intervention. The remainder are closely monitored with serial PSA and periodic prostate rebiopsies (at 2, 5, and 10 years). In this series of 299 patients, the median DT was 7 years. Forty-two percent had a PSA DT > 10 years, and 20% had a PSA DT > 100 years. The majority of patients on this study remain under surveillance. The approach of active surveillance with selective delayed intervention based on PSA DT represents a practical compromise between radical therapy for all (which results in overtreatment for patients with indolent disease) and watchful waiting with palliative therapy only (which results in undertreatment for those with aggressive disease).
Validation of [1-11C]acetate as a tracer for noninvasive assessment of oxidative metabolism with positron emission tomography in normal, ischemic, postischemic, and hyperemic canine myocardium.
Authors: J J Armbrecht, D B Buxton, H R Schelbert
Journal: Circulation (1990)

Extraction and clearance kinetics of [1-11C]acetate were examined in 65 experiments in 30 open-chest dogs. Twenty-nine studies were performed at control, 13 during ischemia, eight after reperfusion, 13 during dipyridamole-induced hyperemia, and two during alteration of cardiac workload. [1-11C]Acetate was injected directly into the left anterior descending coronary artery, and myocardial tissue-time activity curves were recorded with a gamma probe. The single-pass extraction fraction averaged 64.2 +/- 9.7% in control, 65.3 +/- 9.1% in ischemia, 70.0 +/- 4.4% in reperfusion, and 46.5 +/- 7.4% in dipyridamole-induced hyperemia groups. 11C clearance was biexponential in all cases. The rate constant k1 for the first rapid clearance phase correlated closely with myocardial oxygen consumption (r = 0.94) in control, ischemia, reperfusion, and dipyridamole-induced hyperemia groups. Monoexponential fitting of only the first linear part of the clearance curve yielded the rate constant kmono, which also correlated with myocardial oxygen consumption (r = 0.96). Arterial lactate concentrations and the amount of free fatty acid oxygen equivalents consumed by the myocardium were shown to have a small but statistically significant impact on the relation between [1-11C]acetate clearance rate constants and myocardial oxygen consumption. The fraction of 14CO2 activity contributing to overall 14C activity leaving the myocardium after simultaneous injection of [1-14C]acetate (n = 24) was relatively high in all cases (97.4 +/- 2.5% in control, 89 +/- 2.6% in ischemia, 94.1 +/- 3.5% in reperfusion, and greater than 99% in dipyridamole groups), indicating that externally measured 11C clearance corresponds to CO2 production and thus to tricarboxylic acid cycle activity. In conclusion, the results validate the use of [1-11C]acetate as a tracer of oxidative myocardial metabolism for use with positron emission tomography.
A Non-redundant Role of ERK1 in Th2 Cell Differentiation, Survival and Development of Asthma
Authors: R. Alam, N. Goplen, Z. Karim, L. Guo, Y. Zhuang, H. Huang, M.M. Gorska, E. Gelfand, G. Pages, J. Pouyssgur
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2012)
Forward genetic screen for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor formation identifies new genes and pathways driving tumorigenesis
Authors: Eric P Rahrmann, Adrienne L Watson, Vincent W Keng, Kwangmin Choi, Branden S Moriarity, Dominic A Beckmann, Natalie K Wolf, Aaron Sarver, Margaret H Collins, Christopher L Moertel, Margaret R Wallace, Bernat Gel, Eduard Serra, Nancy Ratner, David A Largaespada
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
Haemoccult does not reduce the need for colonoscopy in surveillance after curative resection for colorectal cancer.
Authors: C Hall, J Griffin, P W Dykes, J A Williams, M R Keighley
Journal: Gut (1993)

Patients who had undergone curative resection for colorectal cancer were studied to compare the efficacy of faecal occult blood detection (Haemoccult test) with colonoscopy in the detection of metachronous tumours. Fifty nine patients were studied and both Haemoccult testing and colonoscopy were successfully completed in 54 patients. In 37 patients, both tests were negative. One patient with a positive Haemoccult test had no colonoscopic abnormality and remains alive and well two years later. There were, however, 16 patients with negative Haemoccult tests in whom an abnormality was found on colonoscopy. In four patients, one Dukes9s A cancer and seven tubulovillous adenomas were found--all neoplastic lesions that would have been missed if surveillance had been by Haemoccult alone.
1116-33A Effect of lipid subfractions on progression of coronary artery disease among middle-aged women
Authors: Adhir Shroff, Kristina Orth-Gomer, Julia Fridman, Imre Janszky, Bertil Svane, Richard L Kirkeeide, Karin Schenck-Gustafsson, Murray A Mittleman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Fifty Hours for the Poor
Authors: Beth Haynes
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Thank you for reprinting your editorial entitled "Fifty Hours for the Poor" in the December 1, 1989, issue of<i>JAMA</i>. I appreciate the opportunity to outline my objections to the major false premise of this editorial while its claims are still fresh in the minds of your readers. This false premise is at the root of the current political and economic policies of American government and organized medicine. The quote you use from Dr Pellegrino erroneously implies that goodwill and benevolence are the end result of selfeffacement. In other writings, Dr Pellegrino makes it clear that his basis for requiring self-effacement is the morality of altruism and self-sacrifice. The tone of your editorial implies support for his belief that the moral purpose of one's life is to serve others. What is the logical result of this assumption? If the standard of morality in a society involves
Limitations of conventionally derived chronic liver disease mortality rates: Results of a comprehensive assessment
Authors: M. Michele Manos, Wendy A. Leyden, Rosemary C. Murphy, Norah A. Terrault, Beth P. Bell
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

Standard death certificate-based methods for ascertaining deaths due to chronic liver disease (CLD), such as the U.S. vital statistics approach, rely on a limited set of diagnostic codes to define CLD. These codes do not include viral hepatitis or consider hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) deaths, and thus, underestimate the true burden of CLD mortality. Deaths associated with CLD may be further misunderstood because of the inherent limitations of death record information. Using a comprehensive list of CLD-related codes to search death records, we investigated the CLD mortality rate and associated etiologies (derived from medical records) in a large managed care health plan. From the 16,970 deaths among health plan members in 2000, we confirmed 355 (2.1%) as CLD related, including 75 with HCC. The age-adjusted CLD mortality rate using the comprehensive codes was 11.9 per 100,000 compared with 6.3 per 100,000 using only conventional codes. Based on medical records, the underlying CLD was attributed to alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in 44% of deaths, HCV infection with ALD in 16%, HCV without ALD in 18%, and chronic HBV infection in 7%. Only 64% of HCV-associated, 48% of HBV-associated, and 64% of ALD-associated deaths ascertained by medical record had that specific etiology mentioned on the death certificate.CLD mortality burden was almost doubled by using a comprehensive list of mortality codes and considering HCC deaths as CLD related. Furthermore, the contributions of viral hepatitis and ALD to CLD mortality may be underestimated if based solely on death records.
Abstract ES07-2: Inflammatory breast cancer: Diagnosis, treatment and biology
Authors: WA Woodward
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a relatively rare variant of breast cancer accounting for a disproportionate amount of breast cancer mortality. It is histopathologically similar to non-IBC but presents with a very distinct clinical picture: rapid onset of breast redness and swelling often without an obvious lump. Misdiagnosis and delay in diagnosis are common. Although the breast appears “inflamed” obvious inflammatory infiltrates are not detectable in most tissues. Three presentations will focus on the diagnostic challenges, determinants, epidemiology, management and biology of inflammatory breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr ES07-2.
Lessons From Massachusetts: Cost Remains a Hurdle for Those With Public Insurance
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal