tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long term treatment of chronic Lyme arthritis with benzathine penicillin.
Authors: M A Cimmino, S Accardo
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

The cases are reported of two patients with chronic Lyme arthritis resistant to the recommended antibiotic regimens who were cured by long term treatment with benzathine penicillin. It is suggested that the sustained therapeutic levels of penicillin were effective either by the inhibition of germ replication or by lysis of the spirochaetes when they were leaving their sanctuaries.
The Campaign against Smoking Gains Momentum
Authors: John K. Iglehart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

The long struggle to curb smoking, a campaign that has engaged the public health community for more than two decades, has suddenly attracted a host of new allies who have formulated a range of strategies to limit the use of tobacco in the United States. These strategies, based largely on the accumulating scientific evidence that links the use of tobacco with disease, will affect all segments of society. The major goals are to protect the nonsmoker from the consequences of passive smoking, to increase cigarette excise taxes and ban all forms of tobacco advertising, to challenge legally whether cigarette manufacturers . . .
Surgery of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: John G. Kuhns
Journal: JAMA (1968)

The appearance of a book on the surgical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis is welcomed not only by the cripples from rheumatoid arthritis who have passively accepted their lot with no hope of improvement but also by the physicians who are responsible for their care. There is frequent apathy and ignorance on the prevention and treatment of the deformities of arthritis. This book should help to dispel some of the helplessness and the lack of knowledge concerning the repair of deformities and crippling of rheumatoid arthritis. It is essential that the patient must have motivation, the will and persistence to regain function, or recovery of function will not occur. Surgery is not an easy solution of these arthritic problems, but it is a step in the rehabilitation of these patients. The book is well arranged, clearly written and amply illustrated, with the exception of the photographs of fresh tissue which do
Differential expression of active mitogen-activated protein kinase in cutaneous endothelial neoplasms: Implications for biologic behavior and response to therapy
Authors: Jack L. Arbiser, Sharon W. Weiss, Zoya K. Arbiser, Francisco Bravo, Baskaran Govindajaran, Hector Caceres-Rios, George Cotsonis, Sixto Recavarren, Robert A. Swerlick, Cynthia Cohen
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2001)
Alternative discriminating function for determining hormone dependency of breast cancer.
Authors: H. Miller, J. A. Durant, A. G. Jacobs, J. F. Allison
Journal: BMJ (1967)

It is common practice to consider performing hypophysectomy or adrenalectomy combined with oophorectomy on women suffering from metastatic breast cancer. Satisfactory, albeit temporary, improvement can be expected in only about one half of those operated on, so that it would be advantageous if it were possible to predict whether a useful response could be anticipated. Accurate prediction would prevent patients being subjected to a major operation from which no benefit could be expected. By studying the urinary steroid metabolites of a number of these patients before one or other of these operations were per formed, and relating the results obtained to the clinical response after operation, Bulbrook, Greenwood, and Hayward (1960) were able to derive a function which discriminated between the responsive and non-responsive groups. This discriminant function was calculated as 80-80 (17-OHCS (mg./24 hours)) + aetiocholanolone (/xg./24 hours). 17-OHCS (17-hydroxy corticosteroids or total 17-oxogenic steroids) were measured by the method of Appleby, Gibson, Norymberski, and Stubbs (1955), and aetiocholanolone (3a-hydroxy-5/?-androstan-17-one) by the method of Kellie and Wade (1957). A positive numerical result was obtained in the responsive patients and a negative result in the non-responsive group. When this function was determined in a series of normal women and women suffering from non-metastatic breast cancer it was shown that, whereas it was unusual to find a negative discriminant In normal women under 65, over half of the early breast cancer cases gave negative discriminants (Bul brook, Hayward, Spicer, and Thomas, 1962b). The British Medical Journal (1965) recognized the possible clinical significance of this discriminant function even though its physiological meaning was unknown. There has been little published by other laboratories in evaluation of this work, and this apparent lack of interest may be due to the technical difficulties of estimating urinary aetio cholanolone and to the amount of working time needed to do so.
Factor VIII inhibitors: In vivo decrease of inhibitory activity during calcium infusion
Authors: Albert F. Muhleman, Helen I. Glueck, Mary Ann Miller, Macie Coots
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract The effect of parenteral calcium on altering the activity of factor VIII inhibitors has been studied in three patients, two nonhemophiliacs and one hemophiliac. The patients were studied during both intravenous calcium infusion, factor VIII replacement, and combinations thereof. When compared to factor VIII replacement alone, a greater diminution of inhibitory activity was noted whenever calcium was infused prior to and during factor VIII replacement. This was demonstrated by both conventional coagulation assays and an agarose gel method. These observations could have therapeutic implications and may aid in further understanding the relationship of calcium to factor VIII and its inhibitor.
Air Transportation After Eye Surgery
Authors: Daniel L. Roper
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> As a former Air Force flight surgeon and a current Federal Aviation Agency aeromedical examiner, I enjoyed the recent SPECIAL COMMUNICATION inThe Journalentitled "Medical Aspects of Transportation Aboard Commercial Aircraft" (1982;247:1007) and believe that it should be required reading for all physicians who fly or who have patients who fly. However, as an ophthalmologist, I would take issue with the statement that recent eye surgery is a contraindication to travel by commercial aircraft. The only time I believe flying would be contraindicated is if an air bubble is left within the eye. This occasionally occurs after retinal detachment surgery and after some cataract extractions, but most bubbles only persist for a day or two before they are completely absorbed. Naturally, if an air bubble was present the prohibition against flying would be the same as with any other trapped air in any other part of
Acute pulmonary response of asthmatics to aerosols and gases generated by airbag deployment.
Authors: K B Gross, A H Haidar, M A Basha, T L Chan, C J Gwizdala, R G Wooley, J Popovich, C J Cwizdala
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the aerosols and gases that vent into an automobile's passenger compartment after airbag deployment pose a risk to the asthmatic population. After baseline pulmonary function measurements were taken, 24 diagnosed asthmatic subjects were placed in the rear seat of an automobile, and a driver-passenger airbag system was deployed. Subjects remained in the vehicle with the windows closed and no ventilation for 20 min or until they perceived or demonstrated signs of chest tightness and bronchoconstriction. They then exited the vehicle and were retested immediately after exposure and 2 and 4 h after exposure. Ten of the 24 subjects demonstrated clinically significant bronchoconstrictive episodes, three of which required medical intervention. These three events were quickly reversed by beta-agonist therapy. When eight of the responding subjects were reexposed at later dates to the same supplemental inflatable restraints emissions while wearing a high-efficiency particulate absolute respirator, which prevented inhalation of the particles but allowed passage of the gases, the pulmonary response was essentially eliminated. We conclude that the aerosols generated by deployment of automotive driver-passenger airbag systems can induce significant asthmatic reactions in some individuals.
Augmented Sympathetic Activation During Short-Term Hypoxia and High-Altitude Exposure in Subjects Susceptible to High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema
Authors: Hervé Duplain, Laurent Vollenweider, Alain Delabays, Pascal Nicod, Peter Bärtsch, Urs Scherrer
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Pulmonary hypertension is a hallmark of high-altitude pulmonary edema and may contribute to its pathogenesis. Cardiovascular adjustments to hypoxia are mediated, at least in part, by the sympathetic nervous system, and sympathetic activation promotes pulmonary vasoconstriction and alveolar fluid flooding in experimental animals.We measured sympathetic nerve activity (using intraneural microelectrodes) in 8 mountaineers susceptible to high-altitude pulmonary edema and 7 mountaineers resistant to this condition during short-term hypoxic breathing at low altitude and at rest at a high-altitude laboratory (4559 m). We also measured systolic pulmonary artery pressure to examine the relationship between sympathetic activation and pulmonary vasoconstriction. In subjects prone to pulmonary edema, short-term hypoxic breathing at low altitude evoked comparable hypoxemia but a 2- to 3-times-larger increase in the rate of the sympathetic nerve discharge than in subjects resistant to edema (P<0.001). At high altitude, in subjects prone to edema, the increase in the mean+/-SE sympathetic firing rate was >2 times larger than in those resistant to edema (36+/-7 versus 15+/-4 bursts per minute, P<0.001) and preceded the development of lung edema. We observed a direct relationship between sympathetic nerve activity and pulmonary artery pressure measured at low and high altitude in the 2 groups (r=0.83, P<0.0001).With the use of direct measurements of postganglionic sympathetic nerve discharge, these data provide the first evidence for an exaggerated sympathetic activation in subjects prone to high-altitude pulmonary edema both during short-term hypoxic breathing at low altitude and during actual high-altitude exposure. Sympathetic overactivation may contribute to high-altitude pulmonary edema.
Exercise prescription: bridging the gap to clinical practice
Authors: Philip Glasgow
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2015)

Exercise works, exercise is medicine—this is something most readers will attest to. Exercise is the first line of intervention for many clinical presentations and has been repeatedly shown to outstrip pharmacological and surgical approaches to the management of a wide range of medical, musculoskeletal and psychological conditions. Whether we are physiotherapists, physicians, sports scientists or other sport and exercise medicine practitioners, we regularly prescribe exercise programmes to patients with a host of different symptoms.

While not a panacea, exercise is an intervention that has a role to play in every aspect of sport and exercise medicine. In a sense our first question when considering treatment options should be, ‘What type of exercise should I prescribe?’ rather than ‘Should I prescribe exercise?’ But what guides our decision-making in determining the nature, type and volume of exercise for our …
Doctor struck off for scientific fraud
Authors: D. Carnall
Journal: BMJ (1996)

A British doctor who repeatedly forged ethical committee approval for his research projects has had his name erased from the medical register. Finding Dr Jyoti Argawala guilty of serious professional misconduct, the president of the GMC, Sir Donald Irvine, said that his behaviour had “betrayed the trust that patients place in doctors and had damaged the reputation of medical science.”

Dr Argawala, who graduated from Manchester University's medical school in 1981, first appeared before the professional misconduct committee of the GMC six months ago and …
Valuable Goals for the Medical School
Authors: Leland McKittrick
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Born with the first expression of suffering and the first desire to alleviate this suffering, becoming scientific with the first need for an explanation of the phenomena manifested in the organism and the first laborious investigation of the human mind into the subject, medicine has for its supreme goal the task of rendering aid to those who suffer and of furthering the improvement both of the individual and of the race.<sup>1</sup>
Management of hepatitis C: A national survey of gastroenterologists and hepatologists
Authors: J E Everhart, M Stolar, J H Hoofnagle
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

A survey on the management of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection was conducted by the American Digestive Health Foundation among United States physicians who are most familiar with the disease. The two-page survey was completed by 57% of a random sample of 2,500 members of the American Gastroenterological Association and the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Analysis was limited to the 1,249 responses from physicians who spent at least 1 day per week in patient care. These physicians frequently managed patients with HCV, and nearly three quarters treated patients with interferon. To prevent transmission, the large majority of physicians recommended measures to avoid blood exposures, were uncertain or disagreed about the importance of sexual contact, and did not caution patients about casual contact. More than 70% of physicians told their patients to stop or minimize alcohol consumption. In the management of a patient with antibody to HCV but normal serum aminotransferase activities, 87% of physicians would have ordered a supplemental test, and if HCV were confirmed, 46% would have obtained a liver biopsy, but only 15% would have treated the patient with interferon. For a patient with chronic HCV infection and elevated serum aminotransferase activities, more than 90% of physicians would have obtained a liver biopsy and approximately 60% would have treated with interferon. Physicians who are most familiar with the management of patients with HCV generally agreed with the recommendations of the Consensus Development Conference Panel regarding prevention of transmission, minimizing alcohol consumption, and managing patients with typical presentations. Controversies remain regarding some issues of general management, the value of molecular testing, and the need to treat certain patients with interferon.
Two Specialty Societies to Run Their Own Clinical Trial of Heart Valve Replacement
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2013)

THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARdiology (ACC) and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) will conduct a clinical trial exploring the safety and efficacy of expanded uses of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in certain types of patients with severe aortic stenosis. The trial is believed to be the first for any medical specialty societies. Aortic stenosis is a long-developing condition that, once symptoms emerge, is highly lethal. Roughly half of all untreated patients die in the first 2 years after symptoms appear. Surgical replacement of the valve reduces symptoms and improves survival, but at least 30% of patients with severe symptoms do not undergo surgery because of advanced age (most patients who develop symptoms are older than 80 years), left ventricular dysfunction, or comorbid conditions. With almost a third of all patients ineligible for surgery, researchers began looking for other means of valve replacement. In 2011, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the SAPIEN transcatheter heart valve (Edwards Lifesciences) to treat aortic stenosis. The FDA approved TAVR only through the transfemoral approach for patients deemed inoperable or the transfemoral or transapical approaches for highrisk patients eligible for surgery. Edwards Lifesciences, along with physicians and hospitals, also agreed to participate in the Transcatheter Valve Therapy (TVT) Registry developed and run by the ACC and the STS. Participating in the TVT Registry allows physicians and hospitals to comply with Medicare’s national coverage determination for TAVR that ensures federal reimbursement for FDAapproved use of TAVR. But the national coverage decision was conditional: physicians would be reimbursed for performing TAVR only for the FDA-approved indications, meaning Medicare would not pay for procedures performed in an off-label manner—unless such patients were
Clinical trials in osteoarthritis.
Authors: L M March, P M Brooks
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

Clinical trials in osteoarthritisOf all the musculoskeletal diseases, osteoarthritis probably presents us with the greatest challenge.With our aging population, it will become the most prevalent disease in our society and generate enormous costs.'Population surveys in Britain, Canada, and Australia have shown a high prevalence of disability associated with osteoarthritis, particularly in elderly people.2"Risk factors such as obesity and trauma have now been identified at least for osteoarthritis of the knee5 and new agents are being developed which might modify the progression of osteoarthritis.These new treatments will require carefully conducted, long term trials using well validated and sensitive endpoints.The issues relating to clinical trials in osteoarthritis require a knowledge of the types of drugs which are to be tested, the end points to be used, and trial design.Drugs currently used for osteoarthritis such as the analgesics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) provide symptomatic relief only.The vast majority of trials of NSAIDs have been performed against placebos and it is only in the past few years that formal long term studies have shown that a significant number of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee previously controlled on NSAIDs can be managed just as effectively with paracetamol alone.'8The newer agents should provide not only symptomatic relief but significantly slow the disease process.It is therefore important that we develop more accurate end points to measure progression of osteo- arthritis and show their responsiveness to change.
Interpretation of serum total thyroxine concentration in patients with abnormal thyroxine-binding proteins.
Authors: P Sheridan, K E Newton, R B Payne
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Loctite) was applied to the end of a rigid 5-mm OD plastic tube, which was then rapidly passed down the Roberts pharyngoscope and pressed firmly on to the stone, meanwhile applying countertraction with the inflated Foley catheter, which had been re-introduced.The stone was then extracted by withdrawing plastic rod, catheter, and pharyngoscope as one (see figure).The patient made a rapid uneventful recovery without oesophageal perforation.
Radiation Hazards
Authors: Laurence L. Robbins
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

IT should be emphasized at the outset that most radiologists are wholly in accord with the original intent of the National Academy of Sciences1 , 2 and the corresponding reports from Great Britain.3 The outcome of all the ensuing discussions and controversy has been valuable; it has called attention to the necessity of everyone's accepting his share of responsibility for reducing unnecessary radiation to any person.However, novices in the field of radiology are expounding upon the ignorance of the radiologist and suggesting that he learn the dangers of his tools. To critics who take the trouble to look at the article . . .
Fulfilling Our Leadership Responsibility
Authors: Phillip Gorrindo, Sara K. Tedeschi, Albert R. Powers, Kevin Niswender
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
RELATIVE INABILITY TO INDUCE TOLERANCE IN ADULT NZB AND NZB/NZW F1 MICE
Authors: Parker J. Staples, Norman Talal
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1969)

Immunologic tolerance to ultracentrifuged bovine gamma globulin could not be induced in 6-wk old NZB or B/W mice, but developed readily in C3H, NZW, and C57Bl mice. NZB and B/W mice, as well as Balb/c mice, failed to become tolerant to ultracentrifuged human gamma globulin. The NZB and B/W mice also showed higher antibody titers to a standard antigenic challenge. This immunologic hyperreactivity and lack of experimental tolerance may be related to the lack of self-tolerance, autoimmunity, and lymphomas that develop in these mice at a later age.
Pediatric and Adolescent Sports Medicine
Authors: Phillip G. Spiegel
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This well-done book presents in 218 pages and 12 chapters the length and breadth of sports medicine and the young athlete. Written primarily for the pediatrician, it can also be used by others interested in the well-being of the child athlete. In fact, the last five chapters, which are on nutrition, psychological impact, the young female athlete, sports and the handicapped child, and flexibility and conditioning, should be must reading for coaches, trainers, and ancillary personnel. The book is unique in many other aspects. As a multiauthored work there is virtually no overlap of contents. Each chapter can stand on its own, being both easy to read and quite interesting. It is also a helpful and useful book tying together such diverse entities as the sports physical examination of the child, who should play what sport, organization lists for handicapped children who wish to participate in sports, and recommendations for
THE CHANGE PRODUCED IN FAT TISSUE BY THE USE OF INSULIN IN MALNUTRITION
Authors: Harry Blotner
Journal: JAMA (1933)

The use of insulin to produce gain in weight in certain cases of nondiabetic malnutrition has proved of great value. The nature of the added weight, however, has been subject to speculation. Falta,<sup>1</sup>who was the first to use insulin for this purpose in adults, believed that the added weight was not due to edema, because he gave theophylline to patients receiving the drug without producing any diuresis. On the other hand, Feissly<sup>2</sup>thought that the administration of insulin caused first the development of increased turgor and subsequently the formation of fat. Contrary to what one might expect, Löw and Krčma<sup>3</sup>found a decrease in the fat and carbohydrate content in the liver of insulinized rats and concluded from this that insulin directs the peroral fat to be stored in the fat depots. Recently, an extensive literature on the use of insulin in non-diabetic malnutrition has accumulated,