tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute Mountain Sickness at Moderate Altitudes
Authors: Georg Roeggla
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 October 1993Acute Mountain Sickness at Moderate AltitudesGeorg Roeggla, MD, Martin Roeggla, MD, and Andreas Wagner, MDGeorg Roeggla, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Martin Roeggla, MDSearch for more papers by this author, and Andreas Wagner, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-7_Part_1-199310010-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Scientific research in alpine medicine has dealt primarily with small groups of healthy, athletic persons in high altitude, even though most mountain tours are in medium-high altitude and most mountaineers are not trained athletes. Honigman and colleagues' study of the incidence of acute mountain sickness in a general tourist population at moderate altitude [1] is important because of the impressive number of participants and the identification of easily evaluable predictors for acute mountain sickness such as the height of permanent residence.Nonetheless, we have serious reservations about the methods and conclusions of this study. The reported incidence ...References1. Honigman B, Theis MK, Koziol-McLain J, Roach R, Yip R, Houston C, et al. Acute mountain sickness in a general tourist population at moderate altitudes. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 118:587-92. Google Scholar2. Hackett PH, Rennie D, Levine HD. The incidence, importance and prophylaxis of acute mountain sickness. Lancet. 1976; 2:1149-54. Google Scholar3. Roeggla G, Roeggla M, Hirschl MM, Wagner A, Laggner AN. The incidence of acute mountain sickness (AMS) in moderate altitude in the Austrian Alps. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1992; 104(Suppl 195):7-10. Google Scholar4. Maggiorini M, Bubler B, Walter M, Oelz O. Prevalence of acute mountain sickness in the Swiss Alps. BMJ. 1990; 301:853-5. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byHow Can Acute Mountain Sickness be Quantified at Moderate Altitude? 1 October 1993Volume 119, Issue 7_Part_1Page: 633-634KeywordsAltitude sicknessEdemaInsomniaQuestionnairesSigns and symptomsSports Issue Published: 1 October 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Fractionation of platelets according to size: Functional and biochemical characteristics
Authors: D. J. Carty, A. R. L. Gear
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1986)

The functional and biochemical heterogeneity of platelets has been studied using graded differential centrifugation to fractionate human platelets according to size while maintaining their morphological and functional integrity as indicated by scanning electron microscopy and content of beta-thromboglobulin. Aggregation kinetics were studied by both optical and quenched-flow methods involving single-particle counting. Large platelets were significantly more sensitive to ADP, but aggregated less rapidly than small platelets. Thrombin exerted a similar influence. Large platelets were also enriched in surface sialic acid and sulfhydryl groups and in internal glycogen, ATP, ADP, calcium, cyclic AMP, malonaldehyde, and succinate cytochrome c reductase when compared to small platelets, even when normalized per unit volume. ADP caused a more rapid breakdown of cyclic AMP in small platelets. Potential aging relationships were tested by isotope studies in rats. 75Se-selenomethionine was incorporated in vivo at a similar rate into all fractions. Large platelets labeled with 51Cr disappeared from circulation linearly and had a longer mean lifespan than small platelets, which disappeared exponentially. This behavior supports independent aging of platelet populations of differing size. The data suggest a distinct heterogeneity in platelet function and fate, which could derive from protection of large platelets against excessive activation by Ca2+-regulated events.
Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1 Bone Scintigraphy, X-ray Radiography, and Gamma-ray Quantitative CT
Authors: PETER SCHNEIDER, JOHANN RENDL, WiLHELM BÖRNER, EKKEHART HEIDBREDER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

A 34-year old man presented with primary hyperoxaluria type 1. Primary hyperoxaluria is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder. Type 1 shows an excessive synthesis of calcium oxalate and glycolate resulting from a block of the metabolism precursor, glycolate. The disease is characterized by recurrent calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis and chronic renal failure and leads to early death due to the complications. The extreme oxalate production also causes extrarenal deposits of calcium oxalate, namely in the Haversian system of bone, bone marrow, joints, heart, vascular system, and almost all other organs. In this patient, skeletal scintigraphy and bone densitometry contributed to the final diagnosis. First osteomalacia was suspected due to radiological and clinical findings. The diagnosis was based on definite clinical findings and the oxalic acid serum level. Serum level of oxalic acid was found to be 153.3 umol/l (normal <3 umol/l, average of our patients on dialysis is 54.7 ± 18.6 umol/l). Parathyroid hormone level, calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase were normal, acid phosphatase increased. The patient died 3 weeks later due to the variety of complications.
Mutation analysis of the ATP2A2 gene in Taiwanese patients with Darier's disease
Authors: S-C. Chao, M-H. Yang, J.y-Y. Lee
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Darier's disease (DD) is an autosomal dominant skin disorder characterized by abnormal keratinization and acantholysis. Pathogenic mutations in the ATP2A2 gene encoding SERCA2, a calcium pump of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum, have recently been identified.To identify mutations of the ATP2A2 gene in Taiwanese patients with DD.Mutation analysis of genomic DNA was performed on five families with DD and two sporadic cases. All 21 exons and the flanking intron boundaries were amplified and followed by direct sequencing. Restriction fragment analysis or direct sequencing in each family and in normal controls further verified the mutations.Mutations in the functional domains of the ATP2A2 gene were identified and verified in all seven pedigrees. They consisted of four mis-sense mutations (R131Q, P680L, G703S, G807R), one altered splice-site mutation (2980 + 5insA) and one frameshift deletion mutation (1457-1458delAG). Of these, R131Q, which was reported twice previously, was detected in two unrelated families. The remaining five were novel mutations.Six pathogenic mutations in the ATP2A2 gene were identified in seven Taiwanese DD pedigrees. The results confirmed that most mutations in the ATP2A2 gene are private and of the mis-sense type.
WHEN IS STERILIZATION INDICATED FOLLOWING CESAREAN SECTION?
Authors: JOHN B. SWIFT
Journal: JAMA (1924)

There is no doubt that the number of cesarean sections being done in this country today is on the increase. The indications for the operation have been widened, and this situation is leaving us with many women who are forced to look forward to abdominal operations in the future if they are to increase their family. It is no part of this paper to discuss whether or not this widening of the indications for cesarean sections is wise. Nor shall I consider whether or not the dictum, "Once a cesarean, always a cesarean," should be followed, although I feel that this is a generally accepted theory. This paper is to consider whether the obstetrician has any responsibility toward his cesarean patient other than that of trying to return her to normal health as rapidly as possible, and with a living child. Is it a part of his duty to consider
Common Circulatory Measurements in Smokers and Nonsmokers
Authors: HENRY BLACKBURN, JOSEF BROZEK, HENRY L. TAYLOR
Journal: Circulation (1960)

Pulse rates and blood pressure, and circulatory responses to pressor stimuli were compared in habitual smokers and nonsmokers in an attempt to ascertain possible "chronic effects" of tobacco smoking on the circulation. Several common cardiovascular measurements were made in 4 groups, a total of 1,093 men, ages 17 to 67, and comparisons made with reference to the cigarette smoking habit. Acute effects of smoking were eliminated and, when possible, effects of age and weight were eliminated statistically. Relative body weight is consistently lower in the "heavy" cigarette smokers compared to those who "never" smoked. Basal oxygen consumption is slightly higher in smokers than in nonsmokers. Pulse rate during work and recovery is significantly higher in one group of middle-aged men if pathologic cases in the group are considered. In "normal" populations, somewhat preselected for absence of hypertension, no differences in resting blood pressures are found between smokers and nonsmokers. In the broader studies, involving samples of the working population, smoking is associated with lower systolic and diastolic pressures. Circulatory responses to stimuli of the cold pressor test and carbon dioxide inhalation reveal a small but significant diminished diastolic pressure response to cold and possibly a greater systolic response to carbon dioxide in smokers. Young student groups, with short duration of smoking habit, show no significant differences between smokers and nonsmokers for these circulatory parameters. The associations found do not provide evidence for large or important differences in circulatory reactivity between groups of habitual smokers and nonsmokers. There is little evidence for deterioration of cardiovascular "fitness" in smokers performing work tests. The small magnitude of the differences found in circulatory measurements, plus certain sources of bias which are discussed, preclude serious consideration at present of these factors as underlying causes of the increased mortality rate among smokers. Other questions unanswered concern the importance of individual circulatory responses, individual hypersensitivity to smoking, and the significance of acute pressor and other effects of smoking on persons with cardiovascular disease, latent or manifest.
FOREIGN BODY IN THE EYE
Authors: Arthur J. Bedell
Journal: JAMA (1952)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> An article entitled "Simple Removal of Ocular Foreign Bodies," on page 119 of the Jan. 12, 1952, issue ofThe Journalstates that a BB shot was in the center of the vitreous and "that with pressure applied over the most posterior aspects of the visible sclera the BB popped out of the eyeball with a yellow gelatinous material that took the form of a long tail." Any competent ophthalmologist will quickly recognize this as conjunctival secretion. The foreign body never was inside of the globe but only in the conjunctival sac, and when the lids were opened the shot fell out. The report is clinically misleading and may be also dangerous, for it recommends a method of treatment fraught with grave risks. The reporter failed to find any opening in the globe before or even after his manual expression. This is sufficient to cast a deep
Depression in Patients Recovering From a Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Roy C. Ziegelstein
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Depression is common among patients recovering from a myocardial infarction (MI). Approximately 1 in 6 patients with MI experience major depression and at least twice as many as that have significant symptoms of depression soon after the event. Post-MI depression is an independent risk factor for increased mortality. Although the mechanism responsible for this association has not yet been defined, depression is clearly associated with poor compliance with risk-reducing recommendations, with abnormalities in autonomic tone that may make patients more susceptible to ventricular arrhythmias, and with increased platelet activation. Coronary revascularization procedures also appear to be used less often in those with post-MI depression than in comparable patients without mood disorder. Ongoing research will address whether treating depression improves prognosis. Until this question is answered, efforts should focus on enhancing adherence to treatment regimens in this group of patients, who are clearly at risk for noncompliance. Cardiac rehabilitation programs and increasing levels of social support may help improve symptoms and should be recommended to all patients. Treatment of depression itself should be individualized until safety and efficacy are determined for antidepressant therapy in patients who recently have had an MI.
Smoking, asthma, chronic airflow obstruction and COPD
Authors: Malcolm R. Sears
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

Cigarette smoking is the most prevalent risk factor for the development of adult-onset respiratory diseases associated with airflow obstruction, namely emphysema and chronic bronchitis, commonly called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Regrettably, childhood asthma does not reduce the likelihood of initiation of smoking [1] but it is not fully clear how smoking impacts pre-existing airway diseases such as asthma. Does smoking worsen asthma or superimpose another disease? How does asthma itself, irrespective of smoking, impact lung function in adulthood? What characteristics of asthma increase the risk of smoking-induced worsening of airflow obstruction? Does asthma lead to COPD? Persistent asthma can lead to chronic airflow obstruction independently of smoking but smoking increases the risk <http://ow.ly/GVfIJ>
An Unusual Source of Gastrointestinal Bleeding from the Esophagus: Two New Cases of Esophageal Visible Vessel
Authors: L. Rábago, P. Mora, F. Gea, P. Martinez, J. Ruiperez, R. Campos
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

See also: Esophageal Visible Vessel as a Cause of Massive Upper Gastrointestinal HemorrhageEndoscopy 1991; 23(01): 16-18DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1009124
Peritoneal Dialysis Methods
Authors: Alvin L. Sellers
Journal: JAMA (1966)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The recent note "Application of Seldinger's Percutaneous Method to Peritoneal Dialysis" by Jeresaty, Amato, and Huszar (<b>197</b>:59, 1966) describes a technique which they claim enables use of a smaller trocar, allows a tight catheter fit thus preventing leakage, and eliminates the need for a purse-string suture—all clearly advantageous. What they fail to acknowledge is a similar, but in my view superior and safer technique, recently described by Weston and Roberts (<i>Arch Intern Med</i><b>115</b>: 659, 1965) and now widely used in dialysis centers throughout the world. These authors employ the usual semirigid peritoneal catheter described by Maxwell et al (<i>JAMA</i><b>170</b>:917, 1959) but have designed a steel stylus with a handle at one end that fits into the lumen of the catheter, its pointed tip protruding just past the end of the catheter. After the dialysis solution is introduced into the abdomen via a 16-gauge
A Study of the Effect of Procaine Amide Hydrochloride in Supraventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: MALCOLM C. MCCORD, JAMES T. TAGUCHI
Journal: Circulation (1951)

The effect of the intravenous administration of procaine amide in 25 patients with supraventricular arrhythmias is reported. The data, including six conversions of auricular fibrillation, indicate a pronounced effect of this drug on the auricles as well as on the heart as a whole. Special attention is directed to the finding of frequent and undesirable electrocardiographic and hypotensive effects of this drug.
Breakdown of tolerance to pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in experimental autoimmune cholangitis: A mouse model of primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: David E. Jones, Jeremy M. Palmer, Stephen J. Yeaman, John A. Kirby, Margaret F. Bassendine
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

The autoimmune liver disease primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is characterized by autoreactive responses to a highly conserved self-antigen, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). We recently reported the development of PBC-like lesions in SJL mice sensitized with PDC and have named this model disease experimental autoimmune cholangitis (EAC). In the present study, the breakdown of tolerance to PDC has been investigated in animals sensitized for EAC. Splenic mononuclear cells from SJL mice sensitized with bovine heart PDC (bPDC) in adjuvant showed T-cell proliferative and mixed Th1/Th2 cytokine secretory responses following in vitro stimulation with bPDC. Despite the likelihood of extensive sequence homology with mouse PDC (there is a greater than 95% sequence identity between rat and human PDC-E2 subunits), bPDC was highly immunogenic inducing significant T- and B-cell responses in the absence of any form of adjuvant. The multi-subunit quaternary structure of intact PDC was critical for this immunostimulatory activity because no response was produced by sensitization with monomeric recombinant PDC-E2 inner lipoyl domain. Mice sensitized with bPDC and CFA developed, within 2 weeks of sensitization, high-titer antibody responses reactive with bPDC that were fully cross-reactive with the murine homologue. Breakdown of T-cell tolerance to self-PDC took significantly longer, not being seen until 20 weeks postsensitization; a similar length of time to that previously shown to be required for EAC lesion development. Conclusions drawn from these data may have important implications for our understanding, and therapeutic manipulation, of PBC in humans.
Unusual cause of inguinal mass.
Authors: J M Johnstone, R F Rintoul
Journal: BMJ (1970)

aware in a dream-like way of cramming goods which she did not need from the shelves into her own shopping basket with no attempt to conceal them.Having done this she rushed to the cash desk, paid for the goods in the wire carrier, but carrying out the other goods exposed in her own shopping bag.As soon as she had passed through the cash barrier she was stopped and subsequently charged with shoplifting.After she arrived home her husband concluded that her state of mind was due to the drug and she stopped taking it for the second time.As a result of the charge she was referred for psychiatric opinion, and when seen two weeks later her mental state was normal.It was concluded that her depression and confusional state had been due to the effects of fenfluramine.Similar cases have been reported pre- viously1 2 and are presumably due to the psycho-active nature of the drug.Fen- fluramine seems to possess a complex mix- ture of activities related to its ampheta- mine-like structure.It is known to interact with monoamine oxidase inhibitors,2 and cause facial dyskinesia2-4 as do other amphetamine derivatives.In therapeutic doses fenfluramine may cause sedation5 or, in some cases, confusion as above, but in elevated doses the drug seems to show stimulant properties as reflected by recent animal work,6 temporary mood depression on stopping the drug therapy,7 anxiety, agitation, and convulsions noted on overdose,' and the inhibition and rebound of R.E.M.
Thorough cancer surgery may make radiation unnecessary
Authors: S. Gottlieb
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Women who undergo localised breast surgery for the removal of a common form of non-invasive breast carcinoma may have their need for follow up radiotherapy eliminated if surgeons remove an extra centimetre of tissue around the cancer, according to a new study (New England Journal of Medicine 1999;340:1455-61). Ductal carcinoma in situ, an abnormal growth of cells inside milk ducts that is non-invasive and unlikely to recur if completely excised, was studied.

Dr Melvin J Silverstein …
Are they being served?
Authors: A Morris
Journal: BMJ (1979)

breast milk, fruit, and vegetables; a far cry from the stereotype of the starchy low-protein diet.)This example of three children consum- ing essentially the same foods, but developing clinical signs which span the whole range of marasmus-kwashiorkor, will encourage those workers who look for factors other than specific dietary deficiencies to account for the different types of protein-energy malnutrition.
Developing dual-representation processes
Authors: Katherine Nelson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

Cross-domain representations provide the foundation for language and are not its unique product. Modularity of a limited kind is confined to early infancy in humans and is succeeded by domain-general thinking and speaking. Representational language becomes accessible to the cognitive system during the preschool years as a supplement to experientially based conceptual processing, resulting in a dual-process system.
Treatment of Choledocholithiasis Using the Transpapillary Perfusion Technique
Authors: J. Schenk, B. Schmack, J.F. Riemann, W. Rösch
Journal: Endoscopy (1980)

In 5 patients with common bile duct stones a dissolution therapy with the octanoate mixture Capmul 8210 was performed using the transpapillary perfusion technique. In 3 out of the 5 cases a passage of the stones without further endoscopic operative procedures could be achieved. Complaints were endurable except in one case. Further studies to dissolve common bile duct stones with a modified Capmul solution via a transpapillary tube seem justified.
Radial-Artery Compromise Following Injection
Authors: John W. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  I would like to make the following observations about the lady in whom vascular compromise developed after injection of dexamethasone for a painful wrist ( Intra-Articular Injection, QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS, JAMA  189 :1040 [Sept 28] 1964).  First, the primary condition would appear to be de Quervain's disease, though the exact term is not used. This condition occurs more frequently in females than in males.  Second, the respondent discusses intra-articular injection while the questioner discusses a non-articular injection into the soft tissues about the radial styloid. If one injected slightly anterior to the abductor tendon, the injection could have gone into the radial artery. Again, the questioner does not state if he gave the injection toward the elbow or distally. This makes a difference in the possible anatomy about the needle point.  Third, the aspiration of blood prior to any injection is no absolute criterion for a nonvascular injection.
The Broken Cord: A Family's Ongoing Struggle With Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Authors: Christian Meuli
Journal: JAMA (1989)

This may well be the book that introduces many physicians and social workers to the medical complexities of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and the moral and social issues it raises. <i>The Broken Cord</i>will certainly be a valuable book for the many lay readers affected by this preventable and disabling disease. It blends the author's personal search for meaning with a scientific understanding of this globally disabling malady that has only recently been recognized and that may be reaching epidemic proportions in segments of American society. Dorris, a Native American, splendidly recounts his successful adoption, as a single parent, of Adam, a Sioux Indian child with FAS; the process that it involved; and the slowly opening door of realization that all was not well with his son. It reveals how the protective denial of a parent's love can obscure even the insight of a professional anthropologist. It is also an