tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The biochemistry of runners in a 1600 km ultramarathon.
Authors: K E Fallon, G Sivyer, K Sivyer, A Dare
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1999)

To investigate biochemical changes related to muscle breakdown, hepatic damage, hyponatraemia, and a number of other variables in the serum of participants in a 1600 km ultramarathon run.Blood samples were obtained from nine participants (seven men, two women) in a 1600 km foot race before, after 4 and 11 days of running, and at the conclusion of the event. Samples were analysed by standard methods and results corrected, where appropriate, for changes in plasma volume.Significant (p < 0.05) increases in the following variables were found during or at the conclusion of the event: plasma volume, sodium, chloride, urea, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, bilirubin, total protein, albumin, glucose, calcium, and phosphate. Significant (p < 0.05) decreases in the following variables were found during or at the conclusion of the event: globulin, uric acid, and cholesterol. No change occurred in serum potassium, bicarbonate, creatinine, and triglycerides.A wide range of biochemical perturbations occur during ultramarathon running but a number of variables remain within normal limits despite severe physical stress. Large increases in plasma volume occur, and hyponatraemia is rare in events of this duration. The time course of increases in enzymic indicators of muscle damage indicates that duration of running is not the sole determinant of such increases. This study provides indirect evidence of possible hepatic damage during prolonged exercise and an increase in serum calcium both of which warrant further investigation.
Mechanisms of increase in mitral valve area and influence of anatomic features in double-balloon, catheter balloon valvuloplasty in adults with rheumatic mitral stenosis: a Doppler and two-dimensional echocardiographic study.
Authors: C L Reid, C R McKay, P A Chandraratna, D T Kawanishi, S H Rahimtoola
Journal: Circulation (1987)

To study the mechanism of increase in the mitral valve area (MVA) and the anatomic features of the mitral valve that may affect the results of catheter double-balloon valvuloplasty (CBV) in adult patients with mitral stenosis, Doppler and two-dimensional echocardiography was performed in 12 patients before and immediately after CBV. Immediately after CBV, there was an increase in the transverse diameter of the mitral valve orifice from 18 +/- 1.6 to 25 +/- 2.8 mm (mean +/- SD, p less than .001). The anterior angles at the commissure increased from 33 +/- 6 to 57 +/- 20 degrees (p less than .05) and the posterior angles from 36 +/- 9 to 54 +/- 14 degrees (p less than .05). The MVA was greater after CBV in patients with pliable mitral valves (2.6 +/- 0.7 cm2) compared with those with rigid mitral valves (1.9 +/- 0.8 cm2; p = .08). After CBV, MVA was smaller in patients with calcification (2.1 +/- 0.2 cm2) compared with those without (2.7 +/- 0.5 cm2; p = .10) and in those with subvalvular disease (2.0 +/- 0.6 cm2) compared with those without (2.9 +/- 0.9 cm2;p = .03). The MVA by Doppler ultrasound before CBV (1.0 +/- 0.2 cm2) correlated well with MVA by cardiac catheterization (1.0 +/- 0.3 cm2; r = .8, SEE = 0.2 cm2). After CBV, the correlation of MVA by Doppler ultrasound (2.0 +/- 0.5 cm2) with MVA by cardiac catheterization (2.4 +/- 0.8 cm2) was poor (r = .3, SEE = 0.44 cm2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Synchronizing oscillations: Coding by concurrence and by sequence
Authors: V. G. Haase, L. F. M. Diniz
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

Synchronizing oscillations may be just one case of integration and/or coding, one which explains associations by concurrence. Understanding the sequencing of neural/behavioral events requires a clock mechanism that imposes structure behind mere associations, and may be best served by dissociating oscillations and synchronization in terms of physiologic and computational mechanisms.
1007–20 Myocardial Protection in Electrical Cardioversion. The Importance of Magnesium and Creatinine Phosphate
Authors: A. Szyszka, L. Paluszkiewicz, Sz. Kalinowski, P. Mitkowski, A. Poniźyński, A. Cieśliński, R. Ochotny, H. Wachowiak
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Tetanus Arising From Gangrenous Unperforated Small Intestine
Authors: Richard C. Clay, John W. Bolton
Journal: JAMA (1964)

TETANUS is a calamitous postoperative complication. Its rarity may be inferred from a report of Christensen and Thurber<sup>1</sup>who described 91 tetanus patients treated at the Mayo Clinic prior to 1957; only three were postoperative cases and none had undergone intestinal surgery. <i>Clostridium tetani</i>inhabits the intestinal tracts of a certain proportion of the general population. Meyer and Spector<sup>2</sup>found that stools of 10% of Chicago patients routinely admitted for hernia repair contained this organism. As long ago as 1909, Matas<sup>3</sup>found that 5% of the population generally and 20% of those working with horses carried the organism in their intestines. He pointed out that tetanus infection in wounds exposed to fecal contamination was not rare, and reported a patient who developed fatal tetanus after a hemorrhoidectomy and perineoplasty. Bunch and Quattlebaum<sup>4</sup>in 1943 reported eight cases of postoperative tetanus without bacteriological studies. Although they attributed
Several rAAV Vectors Efficiently Cross the Blood–brain Barrier and Transduce Neurons and Astrocytes in the Neonatal Mouse Central Nervous System
Authors: Hongwei Zhang, Bin Yang, Xin Mu, Seemin Seher Ahmed, Qin Su, Ran He, Hongyan Wang, Christian Mueller, Miguel Sena-Esteves, Robert Brown, Zuoshang Xu, Guangping Gao
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

Noninvasive systemic gene delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) has largely been impeded by the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Recent studies documented widespread CNS gene transfer after intravascular delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 (rAAV9). To investigate alternative and possibly more potent rAAV vectors for systemic gene delivery across the BBB, we systematically evaluated the CNS gene transfer properties of nine different rAAVEGFP vectors after intravascular infusion in neonatal mice. Several rAAVs efficiently transduce neurons, motor neurons, astrocytes, and Purkinje cells; among them, rAAVrh.10 is at least as efficient as rAAV9 in many of the regions examined. Importantly, intravenously delivered rAAVs did not cause abnormal microgliosis in the CNS. The rAAVs that achieve stable widespread gene transfer in the CNS are exceptionally useful platforms for the development of therapeutic approaches for neurological disorders affecting large regions of the CNS as well as convenient biological tools for neuroscience research. Noninvasive systemic gene delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) has largely been impeded by the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Recent studies documented widespread CNS gene transfer after intravascular delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 (rAAV9). To investigate alternative and possibly more potent rAAV vectors for systemic gene delivery across the BBB, we systematically evaluated the CNS gene transfer properties of nine different rAAVEGFP vectors after intravascular infusion in neonatal mice. Several rAAVs efficiently transduce neurons, motor neurons, astrocytes, and Purkinje cells; among them, rAAVrh.10 is at least as efficient as rAAV9 in many of the regions examined. Importantly, intravenously delivered rAAVs did not cause abnormal microgliosis in the CNS. The rAAVs that achieve stable widespread gene transfer in the CNS are exceptionally useful platforms for the development of therapeutic approaches for neurological disorders affecting large regions of the CNS as well as convenient biological tools for neuroscience research.
Observations on the Pulmonary Vasculature in a Case of Centrilobular Emphysema with Hemosiderosis
Authors: DONALD HEATH, R. M. NORRIS, PAUL DAVISON
Journal: Circulation (1963)

A 31-year-old man with centrilobular emphysema complicated by pulmonary hemosiderosis suffered from cor pulmonale for many years and eventually died from congestive cardiac failure. At autopsy the right ventricle was 13 mm. thick and was three times the normal weight. The pulmonary arterioles showed classical hypertensive changes, but the pulmonary arteries showed no abnormality apart from an insignificant increase in medial thickness. These findings support the view that hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease is not a passive phenomenon due to the effect of increased pressure on vessels but is brought about by active response to stimuli, which were apparently not present in this case.
Going beyond Disease to Address Disability
Authors: Lisa I. Iezzoni
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

One summer day about 10 years ago, a young woman flagged me down as I was rolling back to my hospital on my scooter wheelchair. An inpatient taking a sunshine break, she sat on a bench, intravenous pole in tow. She explained, tears brimming, that complications from diabetes made walking increasingly difficult. She was a single mother, and she could no longer get to the grocery store. She had asked her physician to prescribe a power wheelchair, but he had refused, insisting that she keep walking. Unable to meet her family's basic needs, she had bought a cheap manual wheelchair, . . .
Use of Statins and Gallstone Risk
Authors: Ching-Sheng Hsu
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hypersensitivity Reactions to Docetaxel: Retrospective Evaluation and Development of a Desensitization Protocol
Authors: K. Syrigos, G. Strimbakos, I. Tourkantonis, N. Makrilia, C. Alamara, I. Gkiozos, E. Syrigou
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Analysis of sino-atrial conduction in man using premature atrial stimulation
Authors: G. MASINI, R. DIANDA, A. GRAZIINA
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1975)

AUTHORS' SYNOPSIS Sino-atrial conduction was investigated using premature atrial depolarization in 25 patients seven of whom had sino-atrial block.The results obtained in this investigation were evaluated plotting the test cycle (expressed as difference between the basic sinus cycle and the test cycle as a percentage of the basic sinus cycle) as a function of the return cycle (expressed as difference between the return cycle and the basic cycle as a percentage of the basic sinus cycle).In normal subjects, premature atrial depolarizations elicited in the last 10-20% of the spontaneous sinus cycle, produced a progressive prolongation of the return cycle and the points correlating the return cycle index to the test cycle index fell above the diagonal of the plotting system.After earlier premature atrial depolarizations, the return cycle remained of the same length, and the points correlating the return cycle index to the test cycle index fell along a line parallel to the y-axis (' plateau').The mean value of the returning cycles (as expressed above) corresponding to the test cycles (as evaluated above) included in the first 5% of the 'plateau' can be defined as 'the sino-atrial conduction index'.This index, the sum of conduction into and out of the sinus node, was found to range from 79 to 185 ms.By assuming similar anterograde and retrograde conduction, the sino-atrial conduction time ranged from 39.5 to 97.5 ms (mean value = 70 ms).In the patients with sino-atrial block, fully compensatory pauses were observed for atrial premature depolarizations elicited up to the last 25-35% of the atrial cycle, and a slow and progressive divergence from the diagonal of the plotting system was seen instead of the 'plateau'.In these patients the sino-atrial conduction index ranged from 151 to 297 ms (mean 253 ms).By assuming similar antegrade and retrograde conduction, the sino-atrial conduction time ranged from 75.5 to 148.5 ms (mean value = 126.5 ms) with a statistically significant difference with respect to normal subjects (P =0.001).
c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase Activation Is Essential for DRAM-Dependent Induction of Autophagy and Apoptosis in 2-Methoxyestradiol–Treated Ewing Sarcoma Cells
Authors: Séverine Lorin, Amélie Borges, Lisandra Ribeiro Dos Santos, Sylvie Souquère, Gérard Pierron, Kevin M. Ryan, Patrice Codogno, Mojgan Djavaheri-Mergny
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma are two aggressive cancers that affect bones and soft tissues in children and adolescents. Despite multimodal therapy, patients with metastatic sarcoma have a poor prognosis, emphasizing a need for more effective treatment. We have shown previously that 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME), an antitumoral compound, induces apoptosis in Ewing sarcoma cells through c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. In the present study, we provide evidence that 2-ME elicits macroautophagy, a process that participates in apoptotic responses, in a JNK-dependent manner, in Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma cells. We also found that the enhanced activation of JNK by 2-ME is partially regulated by p53, highlighting the relationship of JNK and autophagy to p53 signaling pathway. Furthermore, we showed that 2-ME up-regulates damage-regulated autophagy modulator (DRAM), a p53 target gene, in Ewing sarcoma cells through a mechanism that involves JNK activation. The silencing of DRAM expression reduced both apoptosis and autophagy triggered by 2-ME in Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma cells. Our results therefore identify JNK as a novel mediator of DRAM regulation. These findings suggest that 2-ME or other anticancer therapies that increase DRAM expression or function could be used to effectively treat sarcoma patients. [Cancer Res 2009;69(17):6924–31]
Balloon-Artery Interactions During Stent Placement
Authors: Campbell Rogers, David Y. Tseng, James C. Squire, Elazer R. Edelman
Journal: Circulation Research (1999)

Endovascular stents expand the arterial lumen more than balloon angioplasty and reduce rates of restenosis after coronary angioplasty in selected patients. Understanding the factors involved in vascular injury imposed during stent deployment may allow optimization of stent design and stent-placement protocols so as to limit vascular injury and perhaps reduce restenosis. Addressing the hypothesis that a previously undescribed mechanism of vascular injury during stent deployment is balloon-artery interaction, we have used finite element analysis to model how balloon-artery contact stress and area depend on stent-strut geometry, balloon compliance, and inflation pressure. We also examined superficial injury during deployment of stents of varied design in vivo and in a phantom model ex vivo to show that balloon-induced damage can be modulated by altering stent design. Our results show that higher inflation pressures, wider stent-strut openings, and more compliant balloon materials cause markedly larger surface-contact areas and contact stresses between stent struts. Appreciating that the contact stress and contact area are functions of placement pressure, stent geometry, and balloon compliance may help direct development of novel stent designs and stent-deployment protocols so as to minimize vascular injury during stenting and perhaps to optimize long-term outcomes.
Human parvovirus B19 viraemia is associated with neither IgM positivity nor anaemia in patients with rheumatic diseases
Authors: Y Munakata
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2006)

Human parvovirus B19 (B19) is an erythrovirus and causes anaemia. B19 infection results in not only anaemia but also a variety of symptoms resembling autoimmune diseases.1–3 As B19 is detectable in non-erythroid cells in vivo,4,5 B19 infection is of interest for an understanding of the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. We investigated the mode of B19 infection in the bone marrow of patients with rheumatic diseases who had B19 viraemia.

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out on peripheral blood samples obtained from 92 febrile adult patients with rheumatic disease in our clinic during 1999–2001 to detect B19 DNA (B19 viraemia); an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was carried out on serum samples from the patients to detect anti-B19 IgM. Informed consent was obtained from …
The prince and the professor: Integrated approach is needed
Authors: Michael Fox
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—The Prince of Wales's keynote speech to the joint symposium, which this foundation, the National Cancer Research Institute, and four of the United Kingdom's leading cancer charities (Marie Curie Cancer Care, Bristol Cancer Help Centre, Macmillan Cancer Relief, and Breakthrough Breast Cancer) held in June, attracted considerable media attention.1 2 Much …
THE INFLUENCE OF BIOTIN UPON SUSCEPTIBILITY TO MALARIA
Authors: William Trager
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1943)

Biotin-deficient chickens and ducks developed much more severe infections with Plasmodium lophurae than did non-deficient control animals. While a very mild degree of biotin deficiency sufficed to increase susceptibility, even an extreme degree of pantothenic acid deficiency had no effect. Biotin deficiency also increased the susceptibility of ducks to P. cathemerium. In animals infected with P. lophurae, the concentration of biotin in the plasma as well as in the red cells rose during the course of the infection, reached a peak at about the same time as the parasite number reached its peak, and then returned to normal as the infection subsided. While the administration of additional biotin to animals partially deficient in biotin could be considered a specific measure tending to lessen the severity of infection with P. lophurae, the injection of biotin into animals fed a diet adequate in this vitamin had no antimalarial effects, perhaps because the excess biotin was rapidly removed from the blood.
Rate and Predictors of Glycemic Testing of Nondiabetic Patients in a Managed Care Population
Authors: David Edelman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

Unrecognized diabetes is a major public health problem. Approximately one-third of all patients with diabetes are undiagnosed (1). Because treatment of diabetes improves outcomes by reducing complications (234), screening for diabetes is an attractive intervention. The American Diabetes Association therefore recommends screening all adults over 45 years of age every 3 years (and younger if at high risk) (5). One presumption underlying a recommendation for doctors to screen for diabetes is that such surveillance is not part of routine medical care. However, there is a certain level of glucose testing of patients without diabetes that occurs in medical practice, which may or may not represent intentional diabetes screening. The frequency of this ad hoc diabetes screening in medical settings is unknown, as are the factors that lead to this ad hoc screening. The objective of this study was to determine the rate and predictors of glycemic testing in a managed care population.

The study was a retrospective analysis of multiple merged administrative databases of Duke University Medical Center’s Managed Care organization. During the time of the study, Duke Managed Care was a staff-model managed care organization within Duke University Medical Center (DUMC). Administrative records …
Heritability and correlates of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in the Framingham Offspring Study
Authors: John F Keaney, Joseph M Massaro, Martin G Larson, Ramachandran S Vasan, Peter W.F Wilson, Izabella Lipinska, Diane Corey, Patrice Sutherland, Joseph A Vita, Emelia J Benjamin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Ischemic preconditioning affects interleukin release in fatty livers of rats undergoing ischemia/reperfusion
Authors: Anna Serafín, Joan Roselló-Catafau, Neus Prats, Emilio Gelpí, Joan Rodés, Carmen Peralta
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

The present study evaluates the effect of ischemic preconditioning on interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) generation following hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in normal and steatotic livers as well as the role of nitric oxide (NO) in this process. Increased IL-1beta and IL-10 levels were observed in normal livers after I/R. Steatotic livers showed higher IL-1beta levels than normal livers, and IL-10 at control levels. The injurious role of IL-1beta and the benefits of IL-10 on hepatic I/R injury was shown with the use of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), anti-IL-10 polyclonal antibody against IL-10 (anti-IL-10) and exogenous IL-10. The effective dose of these treatments was different in both types of livers. Preconditioning prevented IL-1beta release and increased IL-10 generation after I/R in normal and steatotic livers. IL-1beta or anti-IL-10 pretreatments reversed the benefits of preconditioning. IL-1beta action inhibition in a preconditioned group that was pretreated with anti-IL-10 did not modify the benefits of preconditioning. In addition, anti-IL-10 pretreatment in the preconditioned group resulted in IL-1beta levels comparable to those observed after I/R. NO inhibition eliminated the benefits of preconditioning on IL-10 release, IL-1beta levels, and hepatic injury. In conclusion, preconditioning, through IL-10 overproduction, inhibits IL-1beta release and the ensuing hepatic I/R injury in normal and steatotic livers. IL-10 generation induced by preconditioning could be mediated by NO.
Lesions Associated with Gastroduodenal Haemorrhage, in Relation to Aspirin Intake
Authors: H. B. Valman, D. J. Parry, N. F. Coghill
Journal: BMJ (1968)

The incidence of aspirin ingestion during the week preceding overt gastroduodenal bleeding was recorded in 582 patients. A positive aspirin history was found in 80% of patients with acute gastric lesions, in 63% of those in whom no lesion was found, in 52% of those with a chronic duodenal ulcer, and in 49% of patients with a chronic gastric ulcer. In a control series of 542 consecutive patients without overt bleeding admitted to the same wards during part of the time of this investigation the aspirin incidence was 32%.The difference in aspirin habits between these two series confirms that aspirin is a factor in precipitating overt haemorrhage in acute and chronic peptic ulcers, and that it is an important cause of bleeding from the stomach or duodenum, or both, in the absence of a chronic peptic ulcer.