tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Celecoxib, rofecoxib, and acute temporary visual impairment
Authors: D. M. Coulter
Journal: BMJ (2003)

We present evidence of acute severe temporary visual disturbance with two of the new selective anti-inflammatory cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX 2) inhibitors. We report two cases, one of temporary blindness and one that suggests a visual field defect together with five other less specific reports of blurred or abnormal vision (table 1). These reports were received while monitoring celecoxib and rofecoxib in the New Zealand intensive medicines monitoring programme. This national programme monitors selected newly introduced drugs.1 Monitoring of the COX 2 inhibitors celecoxib and rofecoxib started in December 2000.

View this table:

Table 1 
Case reports of visual disturbance with COX 2 inhibitors



### Case 1

After knee replacement surgery, an 81 year old man in good health was taking 100 mg of celecoxib every morning for analgesia. Three weeks after starting celecoxib, he told his doctor that he had central loss of vision in a jellybean-like shape for a few hours after each dose. His only other treatment was weekly eye drops for blepharitis, which contained sulfacetamide, prednisolone, and phenylephrine. His blood pressure was normal. Celecoxib was discontinued, and the problem has not recurred in seven months.

### Case 2

A 78 year old man was prescribed rofecoxib for shoulder pain. He took a first dose of 50 mg one evening and next day took 25 mg in the morning and evening with good relief of pain. The next morning he awoke unable to read the newspaper because his vision was blurred. He attempted to drive to his doctor but ran his vehicle into the back of a truck because he could not see; he fortunately …
Evolution of ectopic lymphoid neogenesis and in situ autoantibodies production in autoimmune diabetic NOD mice: cellular and molecular characterisation of tertiary lymphoid structures in pancreatic islets
Authors: E. Astorri, M. Bombardieri, S. Gabba, M. Peakman, P. Pozzilli, C. Pitzalis
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

A pivotal role for tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in promoting antigen-specific humoral responses during chronic inflammation is emerging in several autoimmune conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren9s syndrome and autoimmune thyroiditis. However, there is limited evidence on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying TLS formation and their contribution to autoimmunity in the pancreas during autoimmune insulitis. Here the authors performed a detailed and comprehensive assessment of the evolution of TLS during autoimmune insulitis in 126 female non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice from 4 to 38 weeks of age. The authors demonstrated that during progression from peri-insulitis to intrainsulitis in early diabetic mice, T and B cell infiltration follows a highly regulated process with the formation of lymphoid aggregates characterised by T/B cell segregation, follicular dendritic cells networks and differentiation of germinal centre B cells. This process is preceded by local upregulation of lymphotoxins (Lt)α/β and lymphoid chemokines (CKs) CXCL13 and CCL19 and is associated with infiltration of B220/IgD+/CD23/CD21 follicular B cells expressing CXCR5. Despite a similar incidence of insulitis, late diabetic mice displayed a significantly reduced incidence of fully organised TLS and reduced levels of Lt/CKs. Upon development, TLS were fully functional in supporting in situ autoreactive B cell differentiation, as demonstrated by the expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase, the enzyme required for Ig affinity maturation and class-switching, and the presence of CD138 plasma cells displaying anti-insulin reactivity. Overall, this work provides direct evidence that TLS are of critical relevance in promoting autoimmunity and chronic inflammation during autoimmune insulitis and diabetes in NOD mice.
How to use prostate-specific antigen in the early detection or screening for prostatic carcinoma
Authors: M. K. Brawer
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1995)

At present, increased early detection of prostate cancer appears to be the most feasible way to reduce cancer-related mortality. As a result significant efforts have been made to identify more men with curable cancer. This article reviews the role of serum prostate-specific antigen in an early detection or screening strategy and describes efforts to enhance the specificity of prostate-specific antigen testing.
Combination of 22-oxa-1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, a vitamin D3 derivative, with vitamin K2 (VK2) synergistically enhances cell differentiation but suppresses VK2-inducing apoptosis in HL-60 cells
Authors: K Funato, K Miyazawa, M Yaguchi, A Gotoh, K Ohyashiki
Journal: Leukemia (2002)
Prolonged Defibrination After a Bite From a 'Nonvenomous' Snake
Authors: Douglas Cable
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The distinction between venomous, potentially dangerous snakes and snakes considered to be harmless to humans is not always clear. A man was bitten by an assumed harmless pet snake, Rhabdophis subminatus (the red neck keelback), that had been obtained from a pet store. The patient experienced a severe coagulopathy with life-threatening hemorrhage unresponsive to transfusion. Since this snake frequently is sold legally in the United States, we wish to alert the medical community to its potential danger and to discuss the pathophysiological mechanism by which the coagulopathy was produced.
Fiber levels and disease in workers from a factory predominantly using amosite.
Authors: A R Gibbs, M J Gardner, F D Pooley, D M Griffiths, B Blight, J C Wagner
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The Cape Boards Plant at Uxbridge produced insulation board containing amosite asbestos between 1947 and 1973 with only small amounts of chrysotile. After 1973 only amosite was used. In this study we examined lung samples from 48 workers who had been employed at the plant and who had come to autopsy. The study investigated the fiber levels against the lung pathology including amount of interstitial fibrosis and numbers of ferruginous bodies. The degree of interstitial fibrosis and number of asbestos bodies were graded and the tissues were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis and the fibers counted and typed. The 48 cases included 5 mesotheliomas and 14 lung cancers. The mineral analysis results were dominated by the amosite fiber levels. The amounts of chrysotile were relatively small. There were higher levels in lung cancer cases than mesotheliomas and higher levels in mesothelioma cases than those who had died from nonasbestos related diseases. Analysis of the lung tissues showed a consistent pattern of high amosite levels, which confirms the impression that amosite was the predominant form of asbestos used and also indicates that the factory had been a very dusty one.
Benefits and Harms of Treating Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and the National Institutes of Health Office of Medical Applications of Research
Authors: Lisa Hartling, Donna M. Dryden, Alyssa Guthrie, Melanie Muise, Ben Vandermeer, Lois Donovan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Outcomes of treating gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are not well-established.To summarize evidence about the maternal and neonatal benefits and harms of treating GDM.15 electronic databases from 1995 to May 2012, gray literature, Web sites of relevant organizations, trial registries, and reference lists.English-language randomized, controlled trials (n = 5) and cohort studies (n = 6) of women without known preexisting diabetes.One reviewer extracted data, and a second reviewer verified them. Two reviewers independently assessed methodological quality and evaluated strength of evidence for primary outcomes by using a Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.All studies compared diet modification, glucose monitoring, and insulin as needed with no treatment. Women who were treated had more prenatal visits than those in control groups. Moderate evidence showed fewer cases of preeclampsia, shoulder dystocia, and macrosomia in the treated group. Evidence was insufficient for maternal weight gain and birth injury. Low evidence showed no difference between groups for neonatal hypoglycemia. Evidence was insufficient for long-term metabolic outcomes among offspring. No difference was found for cesarean delivery (low evidence), induction of labor (insufficient evidence), small-for-gestational-age neonates (moderate evidence), or admission to a neonatal intensive care unit (low evidence).Evidence is low or insufficient for many outcomes of greatest clinical importance. The strongest evidence supports reductions in intermediate outcomes; however, other factors (for example, maternal weight and gestational weight gain) may impart greater risk than GDM, particularly when glucose levels are modestly elevated.Treating GDM results in less preeclampsia, shoulder dystocia, and macrosomia; however, current evidence does not show an effect on neonatal hypoglycemia or future poor metabolic outcomes. There is little evidence of short-term harm of treating GDM other than an increased demand for services.
Therapeutic Antibodies for Brain Disorders
Authors: Steven M. Paul
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2011)

The enzyme β-secretase (BACE1) remains an important potential disease-modifying target for developing drugs to treat Alzheimer's disease. However, finding selective BACE1 inhibitors that can penetrate the brain has proved challenging. In this issue of Science Translational Medicine, a pair of studies describes a new approach to inhibiting BACE1 using a human monoclonal antibody that uses receptor-mediated transcytosis to cross the blood brain barrier (Atwal et al. and Yu et al.). The authors engineer a low-affinity bispecific monoclonal antibody targeting both BACE1 and the transferrin receptor and show that this antibody enters the brain more readily and inhibits BACE1 activity more efficiently than does a monospecific antibody against BACE1 alone. These findings should stimulate attempts to use receptor-mediated transcytosis to increase brain uptake of therapeutic antibodies for a variety of brain disorders.
Targeting Estrogen-Related Receptor Alpha Inhibits Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Stem Cell Properties of Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Sophia SN Lam, Abby SC Mak, Judy WP Yam, Annie NY Cheung, Hextan YS Ngan, Alice ST Wong
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition represents a key event in cancer progression and has emerged as a promising anticancer target. Estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) is frequently elevated in advanced-stage ovarian cancer, but its potential role in tumor progression is not known. Here we show that ERRα functions in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and in subsequent stem cell traits responsible for the acquisition of high degree of aggressiveness and potential for metastasis that are characteristic of ovarian cancer. Importantly, targeted inhibition of ERRα also inhibited the expression of Snail, a repressor of E-cadherin and an inducer of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Interestingly, induction of Snail resulted from not only changes in mRNA transcription rate but also mRNA stability. We thus identified the miR-200 family as a new player in the ERRα-mediated posttranscriptional regulation of Snail, and antagonism of miR-200a/b could revert the decreased expression of Snail and reversal of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stem cell characteristics due to ERRα depletion. Finally, we showed that RNA interference-mediated inhibition of ERRα significantly reduced tumor burden, ascites formation, and metastatic peritoneal nodules in vivo in an orthotopic model of ovarian cancer. These results suggest ERRα activation as a mechanism of tumor aggressiveness and imply that targeting ERRα may be a promising approach in ovarian cancer treatment.
An Analysis of Diabetic Pregnancies at Mayo Clinic, 1950–79
Authors: Edward G Lufkin, Roger L Nelson, Lyndon M Hill, L Joseph Melton, W Michael O'Fallon, Arthur T Evans
Journal: Diabetes Care (1984)

We reviewed the records of pregnant diabetic women attended at Mayo Clinic during the years 1950–79 and matched each nonaborted diabetic pregnancy with two control pregnancies. Abortions occurred in 49 of 277 diabetic pregnancies (17.7%). The relative risk of other adverse outcomes of pregnancy (± 95% confidence interval) in comparison with controls was as follows: perinatal mortality, 7.0 (3.6–13.8); major congenital birth defects, 6.3 (2.8–14.2); and respiratory distress, 9.0 (4.5–17.9). Diabetic ketoacidosis resulted in fetal death in 5 of 18 cases. Patients with mean fasting blood glucose levels of ≤ 140 mg/dl had a perinatal mortality of 81 per 1000 births and an incidence of respiratory distress and congenital birth defects of 18.9% and 9.9%, respectively. Patients with mean blood glucose levels &amp;gt; 140 mg/dl had corresponding rates of 306 per 1000, 20.4%, and 11.2%, respectively. Hydramnios occurred almost exclusively in diabetic women, and its presence was associated with a twofold increase in the frequency of perinatal death. Analysis of diabetic pregnancy outcome by decade showed no appreciable decrease in the occurrence of perinatal mortality, congenital birth defects, or respiratory distress over the 30-yr period.
Harmonization of Immune Biomarker Assays for Clinical Studies
Authors: Sjoerd H. van der Burg, Michael Kalos, Cécile Gouttefangeas, Sylvia Janetzki, Christian Ottensmeier, Marij J. P. Welters, Pedro Romero, Cedrik M. Britten, Axel Hoos
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2011)

Harmonizing immune assay use in clinical trials could reduce data variability and support immune biomarker development.
Obstructive apnoeas in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Authors: Y Khan, J Z Heckmatt
Journal: Thorax (1994)

In order to clarify the treatment of sleep hypoxaemias in Duchenne muscular dystrophy polysomnographic studies were performed on patients at home with the purpose of recruiting them into two clinical therapeutic trials. Observations concerning the nature of sleep hypoxaemia in these patients are presented.Twenty one non-ambulant patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy aged 13-23 years with no symptoms of sleep hypoventilation or apnoea were studied for two consecutive nights with eight channel polysomnography. A comparative study was performed in 12 age matched normal male subjects. The evolution of sleep hypoxaemia with age was studied in 14 patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.Thirteen of the 21 patients had hypoxaemia below 90% during sleep, and 12 of the 13 had discrete hypoxaemic dips in association with apnoeas; 60% of all apnoeas were obstructive in nature. The hypoxaemic periods became more frequent with increasing age and, in two patients at three year follow up, were more frequently associated with central or possibly "pseudocentral" apnoeas. Although the normal subjects had a few apnoeic episodes, none had sleep hypoxaemia below 90% saturation.The sleep related breathing abnormality in Duchenne muscular dystrophy is initially obstructive and this has implications for management.
Alveolar Epithelial Cell Injury Due to Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Exposure
Authors: Yong Ho Kim, Farnoosh Fazlollahi, Ian M. Kennedy, Nazanin R. Yacobi, Sarah F. Hamm-Alvarez, Zea Borok, Kwang-Jin Kim, Edward D. Crandall
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Although inhalation of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) is known to cause systemic disease (i.e., metal fume fever), little is known about mechanisms underlying injury to alveolar epithelium.Investigate ZnO NP-induced injury to alveolar epithelium by exposing primary cultured rat alveolar epithelial cell monolayers (RAECMs) to ZnO NPs.RAECMs were exposed apically to ZnO NPs or, in some experiments, to culture fluid containing ZnCl₂ or free Zn released from ZnO NPs. Transepithelial electrical resistance (R(T)) and equivalent short-circuit current (I(EQ)) were assessed as functions of concentration and time. Morphologic changes, lactate dehydrogenase release, cell membrane integrity, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial activity were measured.Apical exposure to 176 μg/ml ZnO NPs decreased R(T) and I(EQ) of RAECMs by 100% over 24 hours, whereas exposure to 11 μg/ml ZnO NPs had little effect. Changes in R(T) and I(EQ) caused by 176 μg/ml ZnO NPs were irreversible. ZnO NP effects on R(T) yielded half-maximal concentrations of approximately 20 μg/ml. Apical exposure for 24 hours to 176 μg/ml ZnO NPs induced decreases in mitochondrial activity and increases in lactate dehydrogenase release, permeability to fluorescein sulfonic acid, increased intracellular ROS, and translocation of ZnO NPs from apical to basolateral fluid (most likely across injured cells and/or damaged paracellular pathways).ZnO NPs cause severe injury to RAECMs in a dose- and time-dependent manner, mediated, at least in part, by free Zn released from ZnO NPs, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased intracellular ROS.
Colonic Carcinoma Metastasis to the Thyroid
Authors: Barry Make
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  The clinical situation of an enlarging, clinically significant thyroid mass in a patient with a known cancer presents a challenge in diagnosis. The presentation, diagnostic investigations, and outcome in this case were unusual.  Report of a Case.—  A 68-year-old man had an adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon surgically removed in 1967. On May 11, 1971, he was seen at the Thomas Jefferson University Hospital with hoarseness, cough, dysphagia, weight loss, and a painless anterior neck mass of increasing size.  The large, homogeneous, firm, nontender, cool mass is shown in the Figure. The patient was clinically and chemically euthyroid. The chest x-ray film demonstrated tracheal deviation. A thyroid scan gave normal findings with no radioactivity detected in the clinically palpable mass. Because of biopsy-proven liver metastases and the patient's poor general condition, a percutaneous Vim-Silverman needle biopsy of the mass was done. Thyroid tissue obtained contained metastatic colonic
GPs declare no confidence in review body chairman
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Representatives of British GPs have passed a vote of no confidence in the chairman of the Doctors' and Dentists' Review Body, Brandon Gough.

Although the General Medical Services Committee had criticised the 1997 review body report and the government's phasing of the award at its February meeting (1 March, p 126), …
Prediction Rule for Renal Artery Stenosis
Authors: S.J.C.M.M. Neggers, J. van der Meulen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters3 August 1999Prediction Rule for Renal Artery StenosisS.J.C.M.M. Neggers, MD and J. van der Meulen, MD, PhDS.J.C.M.M. Neggers, MDA. Schweitzer Hospital; 3300 AH Dordrecht, the Netherlands (Neggers)A. Schweitzer Hospital; 3300 AH Dordrecht, the Netherlands (van der Meulen)Search for more papers by this author and J. van der Meulen, MD, PhDA. Schweitzer Hospital; 3300 AH Dordrecht, the Netherlands (Neggers)A. Schweitzer Hospital; 3300 AH Dordrecht, the Netherlands (van der Meulen)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-3-199908030-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Krijnen and colleagues' clinical prediction rule, (1), which enables a clinician to quantify the probability of renal artery stenosis in an individual patient, caused confusion in the medical department of our teaching hospital. One of the older physicians, who always carries a small notebook, wrote the scoring table on a piece of paper, glued a photocopy of the reduced graph on the other side, and put the paper in his notebook. An intern entered the shrunk formula, to be used to calculate the exact probability of stenosis, into his palmtop computer.There the confusion started. The future ...Reference1. Krijnen P, van Jaarsveld BC, Steyerberg EW, Man in 't Veld AJ, Schalekamp MA, Habbema JD. A clinical prediction rule for renal artery stenosis. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:705-11. LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: S.J.C.M.M. Neggers, MD; J. van der Meulen, MD, PhDAffiliations: A. Schweitzer Hospital; 3300 AH Dordrecht, the Netherlands (Neggers)A. Schweitzer Hospital; 3300 AH Dordrecht, the Netherlands (van der Meulen) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoA Clinical Prediction Rule for Renal Artery Stenosis Pieta Krijnen , Brigit C. van Jaarsveld , Ewout W. Steyerberg , Arie J. Man in 't Veld , Maarten A.D.H. Schalekamp , and J. Dik F. Habbema Prediction Rule for Renal Artery Stenosis Pieta Krijnen , Ewout W. Steyerberg , and Brigit C. van Jaarsveld Prediction Rule for Renal Artery Stenosis Michael Bloch , Samuel Mann , and Thomas Pickering Prediction Rule for Renal Artery Stenosis Eugene J. Fine and M. Donald Blaufox Prediction Rule for Renal Artery Stenosis Vijay Rajput and Faddel Nammour Metrics Cited byRenovascular Hypertension 3 August 1999Volume 131, Issue 3Page: 228KeywordsAttentionComputersCreatinineForecastingObesityRenal arteriesStenosisVascular diseases ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 3 August 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents — Time for a Reevaluation
Authors: Ellis F. Unger, Aliza M. Thompson, Melanie J. Blank, Robert Temple
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Epoetin alfa was approved in 1989 by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of anemia associated with chronic kidney disease "to elevate or maintain the red blood cell level . . . and to decrease the need for transfusions." Although epoetin alfa and darbepoetin alfa, a related erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) approved in 2001, have been widely accepted for this indication, optimal hemoglobin targets have never been established. A number of small studies conducted in the late 1980s supported the concept that higher hemoglobin concentrations are beneficial; the use of ESAs for anemia in patients with chronic kidney . . .
Inadvertent BSA‐induced elution of IgE in the BSA‐RAST
Authors: I. Kleine Budde, P. G. De Heer, S. O. Stapel, J. S. van der Zee, R. C. Aalberse
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Background: Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is widely used to block nonspecific binding in immunochemical assays. Whereas a previous study had indicated that soluble allergen present during the incubation with anti‐IgE in the RAST did not affect bound IgE, we reinvestigated this in the current study, using IgE elution from BSA by soluble BSA as a test system. Methods: Sepharose‐coupled BSA (0.08, 0.4, 2, or 10 µg BSA/test) was incubated overnight with serum and washed. The Sepharose was then incubated with different concentrations of soluble BSA (0, 12, 60, 300, or 1500 µg/test), washed again, and incubated with radioactive anti‐IgE. The effect on IgE binding was investigated for various incubation periods ( t =0, 1, 2, 4, and 20 h). Results: Incubation in buffer without BSA did not change IgE binding. Soluble BSA eluted IgE antibodies from immobilized BSA by up to 85%. If the BSA density on the solid phase was ≥2 µg/test, the elution efficiency was dependent on the levels of both immobilized BSA and soluble BSA. At lower densities, the dissociation was dependent only on the concentration of soluble BSA. The time needed to obtain 50% IgE elution ( t ½ ) was less if the density of immobilized BSA decreased. Below the critical density (0.8 µg BSA/mg solid phase), t ½ was independent of the coating density (45 min). Probably all IgE antibodies are monovalently bound below this density. Conclusions: Dissociation of IgE from immobilized protein in the presence of soluble protein should be taken into account, particularly when IgE to mammalian serum albumin is involved (milk, meat, or animal dander).