tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Benign Neural Invasion in Vasitis Nodosa
Authors: Joseph Kovi
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Complications of a carefully performed, elective vasectomy are infrequent.<sup>1</sup> <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 36-year-old man underwent bilateral vasectomy for voluntary sterilization in August 1972. He was readmitted in March 1974 for reconstruction of vasa deferentia. A sperm count done prior to admission was zero. A vasovasostomy was performed. One of the segments excised appeared to be firm and nodular, measuring 0.3×0.4×0.2 cm. Microscopically, sections through this segment showed the eccentrically located remnants of the original vas lumen, surrounded by hyperplastic smooth muscle. There were innumerable ductules in the muscle wall lined with small, cuboidal, epithelial cells having frequently hyperchromatic nuclei, with prominent nucleoli. The resemblance of these structures to metastatic alveolar adenocarcinoma of the prostate was remarkable. However, some of the acini contained spermatozoa. Spermatozoa had also extravasated into the wall, inciting a heavy cellular reaction. Nerve bundles in the vasal wall were invaded by
Restless leg syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: G Reynolds, D R Blake, H S Pall, A Williams
Journal: BMJ (1986)

thrombosis.All phlebograms were interpreted by the same radiologist, and recent thrombosis was diagnosed when there were direct signs of thrombus tap.Such signs were present in all patients but one, in whom the diagnosis was based on indirect signs.All patients were from Malmo, and at follow up after three to five years the local tumour register was checked to establish whether any patients had developed malignant diseases.1 Gjores JE.Surgical therapy of ascending thrombophlebitis in the saphenous system.
Re: Atiqullah Aziz, Matthias May, Maximilian Burger, et al. PROMETRICS 2011 research group. Prediction of 90-day Mortality After Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer in a Prospective European Multicenter Cohort. Eur Urol 2014;66:156–163
Authors: Vladimir Novotny, Manfred P. Wirth, Michael Froehner
Journal: European Urology (2014)
The blues and pellagra: a public health detective story
Authors: J. Middleton
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Sonny Terry and Brownie McGhee made popular the blues song, “I don't want no cornbread, meat and black molasses.” Sonny learnt the song as prison “holler.” The song arose from one of the great, but little celebrated public health detective stories.

> Over time people began to relapse from the regimen

Joseph Goldberger, an epidemiologist with the American public health service in the early part of the century, was assigned to investigate the fearful prevalence of pellagra among poor black people in the deep south. Pellagra killed 7000 people every year; 50 000 were affected by it. The disease is characterised by dermatitis, diarrhoea, and dementia. Popular wisdom said that this was an infectious disease, promulgated in poverty and poor hygiene.

Goldberger became convinced that pellagra was caused by dietary deficiency He persuaded 16 other members of the American public health service to join him and his wife as …
Personal Watercraft Injuries
Authors: Dee Vernberg
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> Personal watercraft or personal water vehicles are small class A inboard-powered, water-jet-propelled craft that an operator rides on or behind as opposed to inside, as with conventional motorboats.<sup>1</sup>Several models are manufactured, including the Jetski, SeaDoo, Wetbike, Wetjet, Surfjet, Waverunner, Wavejammer, Fastrac, and Fazer.<sup>1,2</sup>Consumers are attracted to these vessels because they are small, fast, and maneuverable. As with other motorized vehicles that can attain high speed, there is a risk of injury associated with their use. <h3>Study.—</h3> Cases were identified from the Dade County Trauma Register by reviewing all entries coded as sports, water accident, or drowning from September 1985 through August 1988. We included individuals injured on and injured by personal watercraft. These cases represent all fatalities and survivors who sustained injuries severe enough to necessitate transport to a trauma center in Dade County, Florida. Six people were injured riding a personal
Robin Trevor Andrew Ross
Authors: D A Cruikshank, C W Grant
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A general practitioner in Pitlochry, Perthshire, Scotland, for over 25 years until he retired in 1995, Robin Trevor Andrew Ross began his life 4000 miles away in Ranikhet (RANNY-KET) in North India.

On the 31 May 1935 he was born the son of a Scottish army doctor and Welsh nurse at a British Army hospital in the foothills of the Himalayas.

He was educated at Edinburgh Academy, going on to secure a Kitchener memorial scholarship, initially in the army and then the Royal Air Force, at Edinburgh University Medical School, graduating as a doctor in 1959.

After graduating, he went on to serve as a surgeon in the RAF for five years, based in Britain and Germany, where he quickly rose to the rank of squadron leader.

On the leaving the RAF, the family returned to Scotland, where they settled in Pitlochry in 1969 after completing his general practice training with Drs Alastair and Donald Cruikshank in Edinburgh.

When he arrived in Pitlochry, he joined Drs William Grant and Christopher Grant in partnership. There was no central …
Occult Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Carla N. Holcomb, Mary T. Hawn
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

A28-year-oldwhiteman presented to the gastrointestinal (GI)medicine clinic for persistent nausea and vomiting. He had a long-standing history of gastroesophageal reflux disease thatwas only partially controlledwith proton pump inhibitor therapy. The symptoms were exacerbated by cessation of proton pump inhibitor medication, and he reported an associated 9-kg weight loss. Results of laboratory testing were significant for iron deficiency anemia (hematocrit, 31% [to convert to proportion of 1.0, multiply by 0.01]) and hemeoccult-positive stool. Upper and lower endoscopy, computed tomographyenterography,PillCamcapsuleendoscopy, andaMeckel scan failed to identify a source of GI bleeding. The patient received a retrograde doubleballoonenteroscopy that showedanoutpouching in thedistal ileum (Figure, A)with an accompanying ulceration of the adjacent mucosa (Figure, B). Exploratory laparotomy with small-bowel resection was performed, and the gross specimen is shown in Figure, C. Quiz at jamasurgery.com WHAT IS YOURDIAGNOSIS?
Normal Diluting Capacity in Hyponatremic Patients
Authors: RALPH A. DeFRONZO
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Four patients with chronic illnesses and stable hyponatremia and plasma hypotonicity had normal urinary diluting capacity, with excretion of > 80% of a standard water load (20 ml/kg) within 4 hours and maintenance of a urine osmolality < 100 mosmol/kg, during sustained water diuresis. Administration of a chronic salt load did not correct the hyponatremia. However, it was stabilized after treatment of the underlying medical condition. These subjects may represent a true resetting of the osmostat or a variant of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.
Rapid Radiographic and Clinical Improvement After Treatment of a <i>MET</i>-Amplified Recurrent Glioblastoma With a Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition Inhibitor
Authors: Andrew S. Chi, Tracy T. Batchelor, Eunice L. Kwak, Jeffrey W. Clark, Daphne L. Wang, Keith D. Wilner, David N. Louis, A. John Iafrate
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

A 62-year-old right-handed white woman presented with periodic motion-related nausea and vertigo.On physical examination, she had only mild high-frequency hearing loss on the right side.Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an unresectable contrast-enhancing lesion measuring 3.6 cm in maximal horizontal diameter within the genu of the corpus callosum, with surrounding abnormal T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensity.Stereotactic biopsy of the contrast-enhancing lesion established the diagnosis of glioblastoma (GBM), WHO grade 4.Her tumor tissue was tested for genetic abnormalities using a comprehensive panel that included screening for commonly mutated loci in 15 cancer-related genes using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction platform (SNaPshot, Version 3; Applied Biosystems, Carlsbad, CA) 1 ; amplification of the mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and plateletderived growth factor receptor A (PDGFRA) genes using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH); status of chromosomes 1p and 19q by FISH; and O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter DNA methylation status by methylationspecific polymerase chain reaction.Her tumor was found to have MET gene amplification by a dual-color FISH assay using probes for the MET locus (Fig 1, pink dots) and centromere 7 (Fig 1, aqua dots), which served as a copy-number control.In addition, the MGMT promoter was methylated.
Denmark's hospitals suffer staff shortages
Authors: M Dolley
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Hospitals in Denmark are having to close beds or cancel operations because of a shortage of nurses, who are taking time off to look after their children or to study under a popular new scheme. The situation is complicated by the fact that they have to give only one month's notice.

Workers staying at home to look after children under the age of 9 can receive 80% of the maximum unemployment pay for six to 12 months under the scheme, which was introduced by the …
Unnecessary CT Scans in Stroke Patients
Authors: Mark Walsh, George Knowles
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Letters15 May 1992Unnecessary CT Scans in Stroke PatientsMark Walsh, MD, George Knowles, MDMark Walsh, MDSearch for more papers by this author, George Knowles, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-116-10-875_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors:Rothrock and Hart (1) are to be commended for their comprehensive review of antithrombotic therapy in cerebrovascular disease. They wisely recommend computed tomographic (CT) scanning in cases of stroke only for patients who receive anticoagulation. As internists practicing emergency medicine, we find ourselves ordering middle-of-the-night CT scans on all patients with completed strokes, although none receives anticoagulation, and few surprises are in store once the radiologist reads the scan over his or her home TV monitor. This costly ritual has insinuated itself into the practice of American medicine because textbooks of medicine recommend scanning all acute strokes...References1. Rothrock J and Hart R. Antithrombotic therapy in cerebrovascular disease. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:885-95. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Frommer D. Stroke. In: Rosen P, ed. Emergency Medicine. 2d ed. St. Louis: C.V. Mosby; 1988:1739. Google Scholar3. Walker H. Cerebrovascular disease and stroke. In: Hurst JW, ed. Medicine. 2d ed. Boston: Butterworths; 1988:1565. Google Scholar1. Buehning L, Rothrock J, Ganiats T, Lyden P, and Taft-Alvarez . The utility of brain CT scanning in the management of acute stroke. Stroke. 1989;20:150. Google Scholar2. Rothrock J and Hart R. Antithrombotic therapy in cerebrovascular disease. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:885-95. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Mark Walsh, MD; George Knowles, MD PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 May 1992Volume 116, Issue 10Page: 875-876KeywordsCerebrovascular diseasesComputed axial tomographyEmergency medicineRadiologistsStroke ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 May 1992 PDF downloadLoading ...
Come down from the clouds: Grounding Bayesian insights in developmental and behavioral processes
Authors: Gavin W. Jenkins, Larissa K. Samuelson, John P. Spencer
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract According to Jones &amp; Love (J&amp;L), Bayesian theories are too often isolated from other theories and behavioral processes. Here, we highlight examples of two types of isolation from the field of word learning. Specifically, Bayesian theories ignore emergence, critical to development theory, and have not probed the behavioral details of several key phenomena, such as the “suspicious coincidence” effect.
Long-term exposure to retrovirally expressed granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor induces a nonneoplastic granulocytic and progenitor cell hyperplasia without tissue damage in mice.
Authors: J M Chang, D Metcalf, T J Gonda, G R Johnson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Murine marrow cells infected with a retroviral vector (MPZen) bearing a granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) cDNA insert were transplanted into lethally irradiated recipients to study the effects of autocrine production of G-CSF in normal hemopoietic cells. Most animals remained healthy with no evidence of tissue damage throughout the observation period (4-30 wk) despite high circulating G-CSF levels (range 2,000-26,000,000 U/ml). A dramatic neutrophilic granulocytosis was observed in all hemopoietic tissues with neutrophilic infiltration occurring in the lung and liver. Spleen, peritoneal, and peripheral blood cellularity increased approximately three-, two-, and eightfold, respectively, but total bone marrow cell counts remained unchanged. Progenitor cell numbers granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cell (GM-CFC), granulocyte colony-forming cell (G-CFC), burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E), colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E) and mixed colony-forming cells (Mix-CFC) were elevated between 10-100-fold in the spleen, peritoneal cavity, and peripheral blood, but were unaffected or slightly depressed in the marrow. No tumors developed in syngeneic recipients transplanted with bone marrow or spleen cells from such mice, confirming the nonneoplastic nature of the hyperplasia induced by chronic G-CSF stimulation. These experiments also indicated the stable integration of MPZen vectors in infected cells, as evident from the continuous expression of the inserted gene for at least 6 mo, and from the ability of infected stem cells from the primary recipients to express the gene in lethally irradiated secondary recipients.
PI3 kinase activation and response to trastuzumab or lapatinib in HER-2 overexpressing locally advanced breast cancer (LABC).
Authors: I Migliaccio, M Gutierrez, M Wu, H Wong, A Pavlick, SG Hilsenbeck, HM Horlings, M Rimawi, K Berns, R Bernards, C Osborne, CL Arteaga, JC Chang
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #34 Background: Activating mutations of PI3 kinase (PIK3CA) and PTEN loss may be associated with trastuzumab resistance. Trastuzumab, a HER2 humanized monoclonal antibody, and lapatinib, an EGFR/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor are both established treatments. Greater understanding of the cellular response to trastuzumab or lapatinib is needed to tailor targeted therapy for individual patients and identify those less likely to benefit. Material and Methods: We performed two sequential neoadjuvant clinical trials in HER-2 overexpressing LABC: 40 patients received weekly trastuzumab at standard doses given initially as a single agent for the first 3 weeks, then in combination with 3-weekly docetaxel for 12 weeks (T), while 49 patients received lapatinib as a single agent (1,500 mg daily, orally) for 6weeks then the combination of 3-weekly trastuzumab/docetaxel for 12 weeks, before primary surgery (L). Sequential core biopsies of the primary breast tumors were taken at initial, weeks 1 and 3 after the first dose of trastuzumab, and at initial, weeks 2, 4, and 6 after lapatinib. Apoptosis, Ki67 proliferation rate, and PTEN were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Low PTEN was defined as Allred score of &amp;lt;3. Genomic DNA (10-100ng) was sequenced using the BigDye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Kit (Applied Biosystems) and an ABI 3730 automated capillary sequencer. Two sample and paired sample comparisons were performed using nonparametric tests. Results: There was a significant decrease in clinical tumor size after three weeks of trastuzumab (n=35, median=-20%), and six weeks of lapatinib (n=49, median=-74%) compared to pre-therapy (p&amp;lt;0.001). At surgery, pathologic complete response was observed in 38% in patients on upfront T and 70% patient on L. There was a significant increase in apoptosis (median=3.5% to 4.7%, p=0.006) within one week after trastuzumab, with no significant change in Ki67 at any of the time point. Lapatinib was associated with a no significant increase in apoptosis but a significant decrease in Ki67 at week 2, 4, and 6 of therapy (p&amp;lt;0.001). Cases with low PTEN or PIK3CA mutations were significantly less likely to have a pathologic complete response to T (p&amp;lt;0.005). Howver, low PTEN or PIK3CA mutations was not significantly associated with pathologic resistance to L. Conclusions: Activation of PI3 kinase pathway is associated with trastuzumab but not lapatinib resistance. Lapatinib may affect signalling through the Ras/Raf/MAPK/ERK pathway, inhibiting cell division. Low PTEN expression was not associated with lapatinib resistance, and may explain the clinical efficacy of lapatinib in trastuzumab-resistant patients, supporting clinical trials for the combination of both agents. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 34.
Recombinant tumor necrosis factor/cachectin and interleukin 1 pretreatment decreases lung oxidized glutathione accumulation, lung injury, and mortality in rats exposed to hyperoxia.
Authors: C W White, P Ghezzi, C A Dinarello, S A Caldwell, I F McMurtry, J E Repine
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Single, preexposure, parenteral injection with both recombinant tumor necrosis factor/cachectin (TNF/C) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) prolonged the survival of rats (144 +/- 9 h) in continuous hyperoxia (greater than 99% O2 at 1 atm) when compared with rats injected with boiled TNF/C and boiled IL-1 (61 +/- 2 h), TNF/C alone (61 +/- 2 h), IL-1 alone (62 +/- 2 h), or saline (64 +/- 3 h). After exposure to hyperoxia for 52 h, pleural effusion volume, pulmonary artery pressure, total pulmonary resistance, and lung morphologic damage were decreased in those rats given TNF/C and IL-1 as compared with saline-injected rats. In parallel, ratios of reduced (GSH) to oxidized (GSSG) glutathione were greater (P less than 0.05) in lungs of TNF/C + IL-1-injected rats (91 +/- 20) than of saline-injected rats (30 +/- 4) that had been exposed to hyperoxia for 52 h. No differences were found in superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, or catalase activities in lungs of TNF/C + IL-1- or saline-treated, hyperoxia-exposed rats. Our results indicate that pretreatment with TNF/C and IL-1 favorably altered lung glutathione redox status, decreased lung injury, and enhanced survival of rats exposed to hyperoxia.
A STATISTICAL STUDY OF THE COMPLICATIONS OF MALARIA.
Authors: J. M. ANDERS
Journal: JAMA (1895)

In this paper I have endeavored to present carefully collected statistics, which establish certain facts pertaining to a number of complications of malaria. That not a few of the conclusions arrived at are at variance with the pre-conceived notions of many of his readers, the writer fully realizes, but he hopes that he has not fallen into the error of basing those conclusions upon too slender evidence. Everything of an argumentative nature has been excluded, in order to bring the paper within the time limit of the Section on Practice. Accordingly, the article is, for the most part, a mere statement of facts and figures which must speak for themselves, and from which a few not unimportant deductions it is hoped may be drawn. To the literature of the subject brief reference only has been made. The total number of cases which were analyzed and form the basis of the
Computed tomography to assess risk of death in acute pulmonary embolism: a meta-analysis
Authors: Cecilia Becattini, Giancarlo Agnelli, Federico Germini, Maria Cristina Vedovati
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether right ventricle dilation at computed tomography (CT) angiography can be used to assess the risk of death in patients with acute pulmonary embolism. Medline and EMBASE were searched up to April 30, 2013. Studies reporting on the association between right ventricle dilation (right-to-left ventricle diameter) or dysfunction (inter-ventricular septal bowing) at CT angiography and death at 30 days, as well as at 3 months in patients with acute pulmonary embolism, were included in a systematic review and meta-analysis. CT-detected right ventricle dilation was associated with an increased 30 day-mortality in all-comers with pulmonary embolism (OR 2.08 (95% CI 1.63–2.66); p&lt;0.00001) and in haemodynamically stable patients (OR 1.64 (95% CI 1.06–2.52); p=0.03), as well as with death due to pulmonary embolism (OR 7.35 (95% CI 3.59–15.09); p&lt;0.00001). An association between right ventricle dilation and 3-month mortality was also observed (OR 4.65 (95% CI 1.79–12.07); p=0.002). Right-to-left ventricle dilation as assessed by CT angiography can be used to evaluate risk of death in all-comers with pulmonary embolism and in haemodynamically stable patients.
Akt-Mediated Transactivation of the S1P <sub>1</sub> Receptor in Caveolin-Enriched Microdomains Regulates Endothelial Barrier Enhancement by Oxidized Phospholipids
Authors: Patrick A. Singleton, Santipongse Chatchavalvanich, Panfeng Fu, Junjie Xing, Anna A. Birukova, Jennifer A. Fortune, Alexander M. Klibanov, Joe G. N. Garcia, Konstantin G. Birukov
Journal: Circulation Research (2009)

Endothelial cell (EC) barrier dysfunction results in increased vascular permeability, leading to increased mass transport across the vessel wall and leukocyte extravasation, the key mechanisms in pathogenesis of tissue inflammation and edema. We have previously demonstrated that OxPAPC (oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl- sn -glycero-3-phosphocholine) significantly enhances vascular endothelial barrier properties in vitro and in vivo and attenuates endothelial hyperpermeability induced by inflammatory and edemagenic agents via Rac and Cdc42 GTPase dependent mechanisms. These findings suggested potential important therapeutic value of barrier-protective oxidized phospholipids. In this study, we examined involvement of signaling complexes associated with caveolin-enriched microdomains (CEMs) in barrier-protective responses of human pulmonary ECs to OxPAPC. Immunoblotting from OxPAPC-treated ECs revealed OxPAPC-mediated rapid recruitment (5 minutes) to CEMs of the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1P 1 ), the serine/threonine kinase Akt, and the Rac1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor Tiam1 and phosphorylation of caveolin-1, indicative of signaling activation in CEMs. Abolishing CEM formation (methyl-β-cyclodextrin) blocked OxPAPC-mediated Rac1 activation, cytoskeletal reorganization, and EC barrier enhancement. Silencing (small interfering RNA) Akt expression blocked OxPAPC-mediated S1P 1 activation (threonine phosphorylation), whereas silencing S1P 1 receptor expression blocked OxPAPC-mediated Tiam1 recruitment to CEMs, Rac1 activation, and EC barrier enhancement. To confirm our in vitro results in an in vivo murine model of acute lung injury with pulmonary vascular hyperpermeability, we observed that selective lung silencing of caveolin-1 or S1P 1 receptor expression blocked OxPAPC-mediated protection from ventilator-induced lung injury. Taken together, these results suggest Akt-dependent transactivation of S1P 1 within CEMs is important for OxPAPC-mediated cortical actin rearrangement and EC barrier protection.
The BRCA1-interacting helicase BRIP1 is deficient in Fanconi anemia
Authors: Orna Levran, Claire Attwooll, Rashida T Henry, Kelly L Milton, Kornelia Neveling, Paula Rio, Sat Dev Batish, Reinhard Kalb, Eunike Velleuer, Sandra Barral, Jurg Ott, John Petrini, Detlev Schindler, Helmut Hanenberg, Arleen D Auerbach
Journal: Nature Genetics (2005)