tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P17.63 * COMBINATION THERAPY WITH TEMOZOLOMIDE, INTERFERON-BETA, AND RIBAVIRIN IN GLIOMA CELL LINES
Authors: Y. Ochiai, E. Sano, S. Yamamuro, A. Ogino, T. Fukushima, K. Tsumoto, T. Ueda, O. Yutaka, A. Yoshino, K. Yoichi
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

INTRODUCTION: Although Temozolomide (TMZ) with radiotherapy significantly improves the survival of newly diagnosed glioblastoma although most patients develop tumor progression within 1-2 years. The Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) are ongoing a phase II randomized study to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of TMZ and Interferon-β (IFN-β) combination therapy in glioblastoma patients. Meanwhile, Ribavirin (RBV) is a standard agent of treating of chronic hepatitis C together with interferon-α. Recently, an anti-tumor effect of RBV was reported in breast cancer and chronic myelocytic leukemia. We evaluated the effect of TMZ, IFN-β, and RBV combination therapy in glioma cell lines. METHODS: Glioma cell lines used were A-172, AM-38, T98G, U-87MG, U-138MG, U-251MG, and YH-13. Glioma cell lines were cultured in an incubator for 48 hours and administered with either 1. TMZ (10 µM) + IFN-β (10 IU/ml) or 2. TMZ (10 µM) + IFN-β (10 IU/ml) + RBV (10 µM). At 72 to 96 hours post-treatment, the number of remaining glioma cells were counted to evaluate the growth-inhibitory effects of each therapy. In addition, cell cycle changes by flow cytemetry and p53 activity with western blot analysis were examined from U-87 MG cell line. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: In all cell lines, the triple combination therapy enhanced the growth-inhibitory effect compared to dual combination therapy. Triple therapy led to distribution of G2/M phase of the cell cycle and accumulated p53 activety. Rivabirin enhanced antitumor effect of TMZ and IFN combination therapy in glioma cell lines.
Acute Infective Colitis Caused by Endemic Pathogens in Western Europe: Endoscopic Features
Authors: P. Rutgeerts, K. Geboes, E. Ponette, G. Coremans, G. Vantrappen
Journal: Endoscopy (1982)

In a 4-year period 45 patients were admitted to our gastroenterological u nit with acute infective colitis. The endemic pathogens responsible for the colitis were Yersinia enterocolitica (46%), Campylobacter fetus jejuni (20%), common Salmonellae (13%), less virulent strains of Shigella (9%), Entamoeba hystolytica (7%) and Cytomegalovirus (4%). These microorganisms caused very severe disease in 18% of the patients, who were mostly predisposed. While Salmonella- and amoebic colitis always mimicked ulcerative colitis by the presence of diffuse lesions, the other pathogens caused focal colitis, thus necessitating differential diagnosis vis a vis Crohn's colitis. Two patients (4%) died of complications, while 93% of the patients were cured by proper antimicrobial therapy. In the same period 12 patients were admitted with an acute attack of inflammatory bowel disease due to an intercurrent infection with the same pathogens. In most of these patients clinical remission of IBD was achieved by treating the intercurrent infection. These data indicate that in the presence of an acute attack of colitis an infective etiologic agent must always be sought, and that an attack of chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease may be caused by an intercurrent infection.
THE IMPACT OF G174C POLYMORPHISM ON INTERLEUKIN-6 GENE IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ONSET AGE IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: George Hatzis, Dimitris Tousoulis, Charalambos Antoniades, Antigoni Miliou, Nikolaos Papageorgiou, Elli Stefanadi, Kiriaki Marinou, George Latsios, Kostas Toutouzas, Pavlos Stougiannos, Alexios Antonopoulos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Use of Drugs and Intrauterine Devices for Birth Control
Authors: C. Irving Meeker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

The current use of oral contraceptives and intrauterine devices for population control is reviewed including the mechanism of their antifertility actions and the use-effectiveness of each method. The use-effectiveness of the IUD has been calculated as 1.5-3.0 pregnancies per 100 woman-years of exposure. The IUD has a high continuation rate (70% after 2 years) and is excellent for poorly motivated population groups. The most serious common side-effect--pelvic infection--can be controlled by more careful screening and modern antibiotic therapy. Other side-effects include irregular bleeding and uterine perforation, but not at significantly high levels. Oral contraceptives have been found to be virtually 100% effective, even in the new lower dose preparations containing around .5 mg progesterone and .05-.15 mg estrogen per tablet. New hormonal contraceptive approaches include pills which progesterone only, high postcoital estrogen administration, and long-acting injectable progestogen (Depo-Provera). All of these methods are highly effective but have some undesirable side-effects and require further study. Careful examination of the recent research reports connecting oral contraceptive use with increased risk of thromboembolism indicate that whatever the danger in oral contraceptive use, the direct physical hazards of pregnancy after contraceptive failure are much higher and more serious. Though a 100% safe contraceptive is a desirable ideal, the safety of current oral contraceptives and IUDs is higher than most other aspects of modern life.
Sickle Cell Genetic Markers
Authors: Gary Brittenham
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the article by Gelpi and Perrine (224:605, 1973), part of the speculation on the origin of the sickle cell gene is based on an error in fact. The authors state "... it is clear that the R<sub>o</sub>(cDe) blood group gene complex, considered to be a reliable genetic marker for African Negro populations, occurs at high frequency among the same populations of Arabia and tribal groups of central and southern India that are known to have moderate to high frequencies of the sickle cell trait." While it is true that some tribal groups in Central India (Koraput, Orissa) with the sickle cell trait possess 4-13% of the chromosome R<sub>o</sub>(cDe), the so-called Veddoid tribes of South India (the Irula, Kurumba, and Paniyan) do not. Lehmann was the first to describe the presence of the sickle cell trait among these South Indian groups, and he specifically searched
Cellular effects of asbestos and other fibers: correlations with in vivo induction of pleural sarcoma.
Authors: L E Lipkin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1980)

The phenomenon of fiber-induced cytotoxicity to P388D1 macrophagelike cells has been demonstrated to parallel (thus far without exception) the probability that the fiber will induce a pleural sarcoma (mesothelioma) in rats. This startling parallel in both cases seems to be essentially independent of the chemical nature of the fiber and correlates best with the presence of fibers greater than 8 micrometers in length and fibers with diameters in the range 0.5 to 1.0 micrometer (Stanton Hypothesis). In both systems evidence has been produced which cast strong doubts on any role played by absorbed (or adherent) impurities. The existence of multiple physical forms of the same chemical moiety (aluminum oxide, dihydroxy-sodium aluminum carbonate, borosilicate glass, etc.,) provides additional test material for the chemical independence corollary. The similar, cytotoxic or sarcomatogenous behavior of chemically different materials (e.g. amosite, chrysotile, aluminum oxide) exhibits the necessary converse argument. As long as the fiber size-shape dependency effect was limited to whole animal phenomena, such as tumor induction, one could make implicitly what were essentially statistical or probabilistic inferences involving transport and/or distribution of fibers to account for the physical effect. The demonstration of strict parallelism at the cellular level in vitro suggests the possibility that in the case of durable fiber toxicology we are dealing with a form of cell-solid interaction in which physical properties for which we have as yet no known receptors play a prominent role.
Iatrogenic Ulcers of the Small Intestine
Authors: K. D. Crow, A. G. Freeman, G. C. Griffiths, J. A. M. Ager, E. E. Evans
Journal: BMJ (1965)

latrogenic Ulcers of the Small Intestine SIR,--We should like to report another possible case of ileal ulceration and perforation in a patient receiving enteric-coated potassium-chloride tablets but not chlorothiazide.In June, 1964, a woman aged 58 was diagnosed as having pemphigus vulgaris.
Anti-Penicillin Antibodies In Transfused Blood
Authors: Takashi Okuno
Journal: JAMA (1971)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A recent report of anti-penicillin antibodies in patients previously treated with penicillin indicated that the incidence increased from 1.2% in 1958 to 3.1% in 1969.<sup>1</sup>The clinical significance of anti-penicillin antibodies is that they may cause a positive Coombs reaction, or even hemolytic anemia. Since a direct Coombs positive reaction without positive indirect Coombs is most often interpreted as autoimmunity, the detection of anti-penicillin antibodies in such patients receiving heavy doses of penicillin is important. Antipenicillin antibodies may exist in blood from donors who meet the requirements of most blood banks. We screened 438 consecutive blood donors for anti-penicillin antibodies. The donors were grouped as shown in the Table. The over-all incidence of positive anti-penicillin antibodies was 3.2%. A significantly high incidence of positive anti-penicillin antibodies was found in the group of donors with history of allergy to penicillin. The incidence of 3.2% in healthy blood
PHASE AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDIES OF THE INTERRELATIONSHIP OF CYTOCHONDRIA AND MYOFIBRILS IN PIGEON BREAST MUSCLE
Authors: Stanley Weinreb, John W. Harman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

MITOCHONDRIA IN PIGEON BREAST MUSCLE ARE COMPOSED OF TWO PROTEIN GELS: a fibrous gel, in the form of a folded ribbon, enclosed within a non-fibrous matrix. An external limiting "membrane" is not demonstrated, and there is poor demarcation between the mitochondria and adjacent structures or sarcoplasm. No internal structure has been determined for sarcosomes. These structures, however, are symplasmic with mitochondria and usually are located within mitochondrial depressions. They apparently have a high lipid content. The myofibrils also have no external limiting "membranes" and the mitochondria and sarcosomes are symplasmic with them. The mitochondria normally lie in the intermyofibrillar sarcoplasm oriented with their longitudinal axes parallel to the myofibrils. Cross-sections show that the myofilaments are oriented into well defined sheets.
Structural polymorphism of the fourth component of human complement
Authors: Stephen I. Rosenfeld, Shaun Ruddy, K. Frank Austen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1969)

The fourth component of human complement (C4) in 102 individual plasma samples has been examined by the technique of antigen-antibody crossed electrophoresis (AACE). Electrophoretic heterogeneity of C4 was manifested by the repeated occurrence of seven different precipitin patterns. These patterns were formed by varying combinations of three subtypes of C4, differing in electrophoretic mobility. The subtypes were designated C, A, and A(1), in order of increasing electrophoretic mobility toward the anode. The evidence that the observed electrophoretic heterogeneity of the C4 molecule represents structural polymorphism rests on five points: the pattern obtained from the plasma of a given individual was reproducible in different runs and with different bleedings; all seven patterns could be demonstrated on the same electrophoretic run; C4 of a given subtype retained its characteristic mobility after purification, when run alone or mixed with plasma containing C4 of other subtypes; the subtypes A(1) and C comprising pattern 6 could be separated chromatographically as well as electrophoretically; and the characteristic relative mobilities of different C4 subtypes, in plasma or after purification, were retained even after the rather large shift in mobility associated with conversion to C4i. The ratio of C4 hemolytic activity to protein concentration varied according to the subtype composition of individual samples, with highest ratios occurring with patterns composed of subtype C alone, intermediate values with patterns consisting of A and C, and lower values occurring with patterns containing subtype A alone. Although the mechanism of inheritance of this polymorphism is not yet clear, the data suggest that subtypes A and A(1) are inherited as autosomal codominant characteristics, independent of the inheritance of subtype C.
Repression of major histocompatibility complex IA expression by glucocorticoids: the glucocorticoid receptor inhibits the DNA binding of the X box DNA binding protein.
Authors: A Celada, S McKercher, R A Maki
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1993)

Glucocorticoids are effective repressors of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II gene expression. The repression occurs in B cells, which constitutively express MHC class II, as well as in macrophages, which only express MHC class II after the cells are treated with interferon gamma. For the MHC class II gene IA beta, this negative regulation has been linked to the X box DNA sequence, located with the IA beta promoter. The addition of the glucocorticoid receptor was shown to inhibit the DNA binding of the X box DNA binding protein to the X box. The DNA binding of two other DNA binding proteins that recognize elements within this promoter was unaffected by the addition of glucocorticoid receptor. It is likely that the repression of IA beta gene expression by glucocorticoids occurs because the X box DNA binding protein is prevented from binding to the DNA and activating transcription.
Abstract 5454: Genotoxic consequences of exposure to mixtures of food-derived chemical carcinogens
Authors: Rhiannon M. David, Nigel J. Gooderham
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract It has been shown that mutagenic chemicals can form naturally in foods during cooking. Examples include Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon generated by incomplete combustion of organic substances such as lipids, leading to contamination of numerous foodstuffs (Lijinski and Shubik, Science 1964, 145, 53), 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), a heterocyclic amine that is formed during the cooking of meat (Murray, et al. J Chromatog 1993, 616, 211), and glycidamide (GA) is the ultimate genotoxic metabolite of acrylamide (AC), which forms when foods, such as potatoes and cereals, are cooked at temperatures exceeding 100°C, in a reaction between the amino acid asparagine and reducing sugars that are naturally present in these foods (Tornqvist, Adv Exp Biol Med 2005, 561, 1). These chemicals have individually been shown to be genotoxic but the biological consequences of exposure to mixtures of these chemicals have not been systematically examined. The aim of the current study was to examine the biological response of MCL-5 cells (a metabolically competent human lymphoblastoid cell line) to mixtures of these genotoxic chemicals at concentrations that are relevant to human exposure (mM to sub-nM). Cells were exposed to the chemicals individually or in mixtures for 24h and mutagenicity was assessed through resistance to trifluorothymidine at the thymidine kinase (TK) locus and 6-thioguanine at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) locus. The mixture exposures gave modified dose-response curves from the individual chemicals, with increased mutation frequency (MF) at some low concentration combinations that were not mutagenic individually, and decreased MF at some combinations of higher concentrations that did produce a mutation response individually. Responses also differed between the TK and HPRT loci, with a higher MF observed for high concentration combinations at HPRT compared to TK. Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity was measured and was found to correspond to the MF at the TK locus suggesting the involvement of CYP1A family in the mutation response. These data suggest that mixtures of genotoxic chemicals produce different mutation responses to the individual chemicals. The increase in MF at some low concentration combinations where the individual chemicals are not genotoxic is of significance when considering the carcinogenic potential of food. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5454. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5454
Augmentation of Skin Test Reactivity and Lymphocyte Blastogenesis in Patients With AIDS Treated With Transfer Factor
Authors: John T. Carey
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Nine patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were administered four doses of pooled transfer factor obtained from the lymphocytes of three healthy controls and three homosexuals with stable lymphadenopathy and serum antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus. Before receiving transfer factor, all patients exhibited anergy to skin test antigens. After four weeks of transfer factor therapy, six of seven patients tested had at least one skin test response. Lymphocyte blastogenic responses to phytohemagglutinin rose from a stimulation index of 6.77 ±1.31 before treatment to 19.77 ±6.24 after four weeks of transfer factor therapy. Smaller but significant increases were also seen in blastogenic responses to antigens. Improvements in immune responses diminished after administration of transfer factor was halted. Thus, administration of transfer factor to patients with AIDS resulted in partial immune reconstitution. Further studies are indicated to examine the clinical efficacy of this immune response modifier in the treatment of AIDS. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:651-655)
Setting exposure standards: a decision process.
Authors: H A Tilson, R C MacPhail, K M Crofton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Increased emphasis on routine screening of chemicals for potential neurotoxicity has resulted in the development of testing guidelines and standardized procedures. A multiphased, tiered-testing strategy has been proposed by numerous expert panels to evaluate large numbers of chemicals. In a regulatory context, however, a formal tiered-testing approach is not used, mostly because of the constraints of differing regulatory authorities and the potential cost of such a testing strategy. Instead, current regulatory decision making utilizes all available animal and human data to identify a critical adverse effect which is then used for setting standards. Although the current decision-making process does not use a formal tiered-testing approach, it appears to identify chemicals with neurotoxic effects. An analysis of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency integrated risk information system (IRIS) indicates that about 20% of the chemicals having standards or health advisories are based on neurotoxicity.
Salivary Analyte Profiles and Asthma Severity
Authors: P.J. Wexler, W.L. Siqueira, E.J. Helmerhorst, F.G. Oppenheim, R. Lomasky, C.E. Brodley, R.B. Hayman, T.M. Blicharz, D.R. Walt, F.F. Little
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Control of Ventilation during Lung Volume Changes and Permissive Hypercapnia in Dogs
Authors: MICHAEL L. CARL, EDWARD S. SCHELEGLE, STEVEN B. HOLLSTIEN, JERRY F. GREEN
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

We investigated the effect changes in end-expiratory lung volume (EEVl) had on the response to progressive hypercapnia (CO2–response curve) in eight open-chest, anesthetized dogs, in order to clarify the role that vagal lung mechanoreceptors have in altered respiratory drive during permissive hypercapnia. The dogs were ventilated using a positive-pressure ventilator driven by phrenic neural activity. Systemic arterial CO2 tension (PaCO2 ) was elevated by increasing the fraction of CO2 delivered to the ventilator. EEVl was altered from approximated functional residual capacity (“FRC”) to 1.5 and 0.5 “FRC” by changing positive end-expiratory pressure. Although the tidal volume (Vt)–PaCO2 and inspiratory time (Ti)–PaCO2 relationships were not affected, decreasing EEVl from 1.5 “FRC” to “FRC” and then to 0.5 “FRC” caused a significant (p < 0.01) upward shift in the CO2–response curves for minute ventilation (V˙ i) and frequency (f ), and a significant (p < 0.01) downward shift in the CO2– response curve for expiratory time (Te). We conclude that these shifts were explained by a decrease in the inhibitory activity of slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors (PSRs) as EEVl was lowered. In addition, increases in EEVl from 0.5 “FRC” to 1.5 “FRC” caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the apneic threshold, which we attribute to an inhibitory effect on central drive caused by increased PSR activity.
DISTILLED WATER AS FOOD.
Authors: EPHRAIM CUTTER
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Food is any substance received into the human system from without, which normally becomes a biologic part of the system and is needful to life. It includes minerals, as air, water, salt, etc. Aerated distilled is also meant here, and not the ordinary chemical laboratory distilled water, condensed in a closed reservoir. The distillate should have a fall of not less than two inches in open air for aeration, otherwise it may be an abomination of the meanest taste. <h3>HOW TO HAVE IT.</h3> Philadelphia is the great medical center, and yet my patients have been unable to buy anything but laboratory-distilled water. So the best way is to make it. The writer tried to get all the domestic water stills in the market to report on, but was unsuccessful. As he is writing this paper interprofessionally and clinically, he asks to testify simply to what he knows and let the
More on Screening and Breast Cancer Incidence
Authors: Sam Shapiro
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Journal Article More on Screening and Breast Cancer Incidence Get access Sam Shapiro Sam Shapiro Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 83, Issue 21, 6 November 1991, Pages 1522–1523, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/83.21.1522 Published: 06 November 1991 Article history Received: 30 September 1991 Accepted: 02 October 1991 Published: 06 November 1991
Use of human factor VIIa in the treatment of two hemophilia A patients with high-titer inhibitors.
Authors: U Hedner, W Kisiel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

Two patients with hemophilia A complicated with high-titer alloantibodies have been treated by repeated infusions of microgram quantities of pure human Factor VIIa. Patient 1 was presented with a gastrocnemius muscle bleeding that involved the knee joint. Upon treatment with Factor VIIa the circumference of the muscle decreased and joint mobility increased substantially. Patient 2 was given Factor VIIa concurrent with tranexamic acid in association with the extraction of two primary molars. No significant gingival bleeding occurred after Factor VIIa and tranexamic acid treatment. Furthermore, no deleterious side effects or increase of the alloantibody level were observed in either patient throughout the Factor VIIa infusion. These results, although limited and preliminary in nature, suggest that trace quantities of Factor VIIa can act as a Factor VIII bypassing activity and restore hemostasis in these patients.