tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of transplantation on the primitive immunohematopoietic stem cell.
Authors: D E Harrison, M Stone, C M Astle
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Transplantation has strong deleterious effects on the primitive immunohematopoietic stem cells (PSC) from which circulating lymphocytes and erythrocytes are descended. We studied these effects over 300-400 d, testing whether PSC numbers, repopulating abilities, or both, were reduced. Equivalent PSC numbers were estimated in recipients of mixtures of genetically different cells, using the binomial model with covariance. Percentages of lymphocyte and erythrocyte types were closely correlated, as were percentages of either type sampled at intervals of several months. This suggests that the same PSC produced lymphoid and myeloid cells, and that most circulating cells were descended from the same PSC over hundreds of days. Equivalent PSC concentrations were approximately 1/10(5) fresh marrow cells, and were about twofold lower using previously transplanted marrow. However, such marrow repopulated only one-seventh to one-eighth as well as fresh marrow. Apparently, transplantation not only reduces PSC concentrations, but also reduces the repopulating ability per PSC. This may result from excessive stimuli to differentiate that overbalance the stimuli for PSC to replenish themselves.
Determination of point mutational spectra of benzo[a]pyrene-diol epoxide in human cells.
Authors: P Keohavong, W G Thilly
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1992)

The primary goal of our research consists of developing means sufficiently sensitive to allow assessment of human exposure to environmental carcinogens. We describe here a new approach for analyzing point mutational spectra and a test for its validity and precision using cultured human cells exposed to high doses of environmental carcinogens. The approach in its present form includes a) treatment of independent large cultures of human cells with a carcinogen, b) selection of mutant cells en masse by 6-thioguanine resistance, c) amplification of sequences of interest directly from 6TGR cells using high-fidelity polymerase chain reaction, and d) separation of mutant sequences from nonmutant sequences using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. We report use of this protocol to observe induced mutational spectra in exon 3 of the hprt gene in cultured human cells by benzo[a]pyrene-diol epoxide (BPDE), an active form of the widely distributed environmental carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene. BPDE induced predominantly G to T transversions within this target sequence. The variation of the frequency of the mutations among independent cultures is consistent with the interpretation that each of them corresponds to a hotspot.
Forgive and Remember: Managing Medical Failure
Authors: William R. Barclay
Journal: JAMA (1979)

One of the few social organizations remaining in the modern world that resembles the fiefs of the Middle Ages is the surgical service in a teaching hospital. This becomes apparent as Bosk's tale and analysis unfold in a frank and revealing account of life in a university hospital. Charles Bosk is a sociologist who joined the teams of two surgical services in a 450-bed hospital for a sufficient time to become thoroughly acquainted with the educational, scientific, and social structure. He concentrated his attention on the issue of failure and how this is dealt with by the attending physicians, the house staff, and the nurses. Most physicians, whether they be faculty, students, or residents, are too close to the issues and are too absorbed in the technology to stand back and take an objective view of the social structure of academic medicine. Even if they did so, they might be
804-1 Heparin Pretreatment May Confer Additional Benefit in Patients Treated with 7E3 and PTCA for Unstable Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Mark C.G. Horrigan, David S. Eccleston, Nancy M. Wildermann, Kristina A. Sigmon, Robert M. Califf, Eric J. Topol
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Carboxyhemoglobin Caused by Smoking Nonnicotine Cigarettes
Authors: WILBERT S. ARONOW, STANLEY N. ROKAW
Journal: Circulation (1971)

The effects of increased carboxyhemoglobin levels caused by smoking nonnicotine cigarettes upon exercise-induced angina were investigated in 10 patients. The mean carboxyhemoglobin level after smoking eight nonnicotine cigarettes, one every 30 minutes, rose from 1.58 to 7.79%. Smoking significantly decreased the mean exercise time from the onset of exercise until the onset of angina from 109.8 to 83.5 seconds. There was significantly less of an increase in systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and product of systolic blood pressure times heart rate after exercise-induced angina after smoking compared to the nonsmoking state. Smoking nonnicotine cigarettes increased the carboxyhemoglobin level, decreasing the rate of oxygen deliverability to the myocardium, with angina developing sooner, following less cardiac work.
Multiple Sclerosis: Etiology, Diagnosis, and New Treatment Strategies
Authors: Jock T. Murray
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Medical Writings: Book Notes3 May 2005Multiple Sclerosis: Etiology, Diagnosis, and New Treatment StrategiesJock T. Murray, MDJock T. Murray, MDFrom Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-142-9-200505030-00032 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Multiple Sclerosis: Etiology, Diagnosis, and New Treatment Strategies Olek MJ, ed. 245 pages. Totowa, NJ: Humana Pr; 2005. $99.50. ISBN 1588290336. Order at www.humanapress.com.Field of medicine: Neurology, rehabilitation medicine, and primary care.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: General neurologists and general practitioners.Purpose: To provide current concepts, approaches to management, and future directions in multiple sclerosis research.Content: This multiauthored text contains chapters covering clinical features, investigations, underlying mechanisms, and approaches to treatment of multiple sclerosis, with an attempt to outline future directions.Highlights: The views and discussions in the book are fresh and up-to-date. Chapter 2, written by Olek, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byINTRODUCING A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS BASED ON POSTURAL TREMOR: A HOPE FOR SEPARATION OF PEOPLE WHO MIGHT BE AFFECTED BY MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS IN THE FUTURE 3 May 2005Volume 142, Issue 9Page: 804KeywordsCyclophosphamideEtiologyForecastingImmunityMultiple sclerosisNeurologyRehabilitation medicineSoftware toolsSteroid therapySteroids ePublished: 3 May 2005 Issue Published: 3 May 2005 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Public Health — Humor in Medicine
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

LORD Shawcross, chairman of the Medical Research Council, spoke of the importance of independence in research when he opened the Annual Congress of the Royal Society of Health. He feared that if medical research ever became an appendage of a governmental department, the minister in charge might tend to direct research so as to satisfy political considerations or even show a concrete value-for-money balance each year. True research could never be subjected to such criteria, and he emphasized the point that the present policy of the Medical Research Council was to pursue any research that promised additions to knowledge even . . .
Negative selection in vivo reveals expression of strong Mls determinants in mice with X-linked immunodeficiency.
Authors: S R Webb, D E Mosier, D B Wilson, J Sprent
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

Evidence is presented that mice with X-linked immunodeficiency (xid) express strong Mlsa,d determinants, a putative marker of the mature subset of B cells. Although young (3-5 wk) (CBA/N X DBA/2)F1 male (xid+) mice stimulated only very weak mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) to Mlsa,d determinants, older mice (greater than 7 wk) regularly elicited conspicuous responses, despite being totally unresponsive to TNP-Ficoll. Expression of Mlsa,d determinants by xid+ mice was also detected by the procedure of negative selection in vivo. Thus BALB/c T cells were totally depleted of Mlsa,d reactivity after blood to lymph recirculation through 10-wk old irradiated xid+ (CBA/N X DBA/2)1 male mice. Significantly, a marked (90%) reduction in the anti-Mlsa,d response also occurred with T cell filtration through 3-wk xid+ mice, i.e., mice that elicit only minimal primary MLR; filtration through 3-wk xid- normal female mice led to near-complete (99%) negative selection. Collectively these data indicate either, (a) that xid+ mice contain appreciable numbers of cells with at least some of the properties of mature B cells, or (b) that the expression of Mlsa,d determinants is not restricted to mature B cells. In either case, B cells from xid mice cannot be viewed as a simple model for immature normal B cells.
Hemodynamic Changes in Patients with Acute
Authors: MICHAEL THOMAS, RAOUL MALMCRONA, JOHN SHILLINGFORD
Journal: Circulation (1965)

The hemodynamic changes following acute myocardial infarction have been studied in patients in an intensive care unit. Serial determinations of cardiac output and blood pressure have shown a wide range of hemodynamic patterns in severely ill patients varying from a low cardiac output and high peripheral resistance to a high cardiac output and low peripheral resistance. The progression of changes during the illness and their relation to the clinical findings have been discussed.
New Strategies in Endometrial Cancer: Targeting the PI3K/mTOR Pathway—The Devil Is in the Details
Authors: Andrea P. Myers
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the developed world and affects approximately 40,000 women in the United States each year. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway regulates key aspects of cancer biology including glucose uptake and metabolism, cellular growth, and survival. Endometrial cancers harbor the highest rates of PI3K pathway alterations reported to date. The PI3K pathway is highly druggable and several classes of agents are in clinical development including rapalogs, pan-PI3K inhibitors, PI3K isoform-specific inhibitors, dual PI3K/mTOR catalytic inhibitors, mTOR-specific catalytic inhibitors, and AKT inhibitors. It has been 10 years since the initiation of the first studies of rapalogs as anticancer agents. There are more than 20 registered clinical trials of PI3K/mTOR inhibitors as single agents or in therapeutic combinations for the treatment of endometrial cancers. What have we learned from the completed studies? What can we expect to learn from ongoing studies? What should we anticipate moving forward? Clin Cancer Res; 19(19); 5264–74. ©2013 AACR.
ERGOT POISONING AMONG RYE BREAD CONSUMERS
Authors: J. Robertson, H. T. Ashby
Journal: BMJ (1928)

I THMEICALJIin the North of England, no fewer than 615 of the highest nmonlthly figure of 675 in January, 1926, having been reported from Durham and WVest Yorkshire.Possibly the lower winter temperature and absoluto humidity in the North may be one factor in this distribution.The dataare not yet sufficient to afford scope for forecasting the plrobable incidence some months ahead, as in India, but it mav be significant that the less mliarked summer decline in 1924 than in 1923 and 1925 was associated with lower summlliier absolute lhumidity in 1924, as I should exipect a cool summer to produce less reduction of the disease, and a cold wiinter and spring should favour an increase.The immediate outlook is complicated by twenty-four couinties reporting cases at the end of January, 1928, against niine at the same period in 1927, but against this is
Proteasome Inhibition Potentiates Antitumor Effects of Photodynamic Therapy in Mice through Induction of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response
Authors: Angelika Szokalska, Marcin Makowski, Dominika Nowis, Grzegorz M. Wilczyński, Marek Kujawa, Cezary Wójcik, Izabela Młynarczuk-Biały, Pawel Salwa, Jacek Bil, Sylwia Janowska, Patrizia Agostinis, Tom Verfaillie, Marek Bugajski, Jan Gietka, Tadeusz Issat, Eliza Głodkowska, Piotr Mrówka, Tomasz Stoklosa, Michael R. Hamblin, Paweł Mróz, Marek Jakóbisiak, Jakub Golab
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an approved therapeutic procedure that exerts cytotoxic activity toward tumor cells by inducing production of reactive oxygen species such as singlet oxygen. PDT leads to oxidative damage of cellular macromolecules, including proteins that undergo multiple modifications such as fragmentation, cross-linking, and carbonylation that result in protein unfolding and aggregation. Because the major mechanism for elimination of carbonylated proteins is their degradation by proteasomes, we hypothesized that a combination of PDT with proteasome inhibitors might lead to accumulation of carbonylated proteins in endoplasmic reticulum (ER), aggravated ER stress, and potentiated cytotoxicity toward tumor cells. We observed that Photofrin-mediated PDT leads to robust carbonylation of cellular proteins and induction of unfolded protein response. Pretreatment of tumor cells with three different proteasome inhibitors, including bortezomib, MG132, and PSI, gave increased accumulation of carbonylated and ubiquitinated proteins in PDT-treated cells. Proteasome inhibitors effectively sensitized tumor cells of murine (EMT6 and C-26) as well as human (HeLa) origin to PDT-mediated cytotoxicity. Significant retardation of tumor growth with 60% to 100% complete responses was observed in vivo in two different murine tumor models (EMT6 and C-26) when PDT was combined with either bortezomib or PSI. Altogether, these observations indicate that combination of PDT with proteasome inhibitors leads to potentiated antitumor effects. The results of these studies are of immediate clinical application because bortezomib is a clinically approved drug that undergoes extensive clinical evaluations for the treatment of solid tumors.
The Disposal of Low-Level Radioactive Waste-Reply
Authors: David R. Brill
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> According to the second reference cited above, the mean concentration of soluble plutonium (<sup>239</sup>Pu) detected at the Maxey Flats site was 0.01 pCi/mL, with a range of 0 to 0.12 pCi/mL (pCi=picocurie=10-<sup>12</sup>curies-0.22 disintegrations per minute).<sup>1</sup>The maximum permissible concentration for soluble<sup>239</sup>Pu is 5 pCi/ mL,<sup>2</sup>500 times the mean concentration found. A subsequent report<sup>3</sup>indicated no off-site migration of plutonium, and an overwhelming percentage of the concentration was in drainage ditches constructed for monitoring purposes and in the top 2 cm of soil, which strongly suggests a surface rather than subsurface vector. As noted in our article, some failures of waste containment have occurred. Extensive study of problems encountered at sites such as Maxey Flats and West Valley, NY, have led to an understanding of why the leakage occurred and also of the means of prevention. Design of any new
Deep Thrombophlebitis: Pathophysiology and Treatment
Authors: Thomas B. Massell
Journal: JAMA (1968)

This is the sixth volume in the series,<i>Major Problems in Clinical Surgery</i>, under the editorial direction of J. Englebert Dunphy. The current monograph comprises 119 pages of actual text, profusely and clearly illustrated. However, some of the illustrations seem almost superfluous, several lack adequate explanatory legends, and one is even printed upside down. The chapters cover clinical syndromes, roentgen diagnosis, pathophysiology, complications, and treatment. Not all the subjects are uniformly well handled. The chapter on pathophysiology, which occupies one third of the book, is outstanding in its accuracy and thoroughness. The chapters on serious complications and the evolution of therapy are also excellent. However, the section on clinical syndromes seems superficial and incomplete. The chapter on venography relates nothing on the interpretation of the x-ray film finding. Two entire chapters are devoted to the treatment of extensive deep thrombophlebitis by the author's own technique of venous thrombectomy. He fails
Secondary care data may mislead
Authors: W. T. Hamilton, M. P. Astin, T. Griffin, R. D. Neal, P. W. Rose
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Two methodological concerns make it tricky to interpret the findings of Jellema and colleagues’ systematic review of diagnosing colorectal cancer in primary care.1

Firstly, studies from settings other than primary care were included. Any population that has …
PRETARGETED Y-90 THERAPY: PHARMACOKINETICS AND THERAPEUTIC RATIO IN BALB/C MICE WITH KHJJ MOUSE ADENOCARCINOMA USING MAB 2D12.5 AND Y-88 JANUS DOTA
Authors: D A Goodwin, C F Meares, N Watanabe, M McTigue, W Chaovapong, C Ransone, O Renn, D P Greiner
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

Goodwin, D A; Meares, C F; Watanabe, N; McTigue, M; Chaovapong, W; Ransone, C; Renn, O; Greiner, D P Author Information
Impact of early vs. late disease onset on treatment response to etanercept in patients with psoriasis
Authors: C.E.M. Griffiths, E. Christophers, A. Szumski, H. Jones, L. Mallbris
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2015)

Journal Article Impact of early vs. late disease onset on treatment response to etanercept in patients with psoriasis Get access C.E.M. Griffiths, C.E.M. Griffiths Dermatology Centre Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Salford Royal Hospital University of Manchester M6 8HD Manchester U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Christophers, E. Christophers University of Kiel Kiel Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Szumski, A. Szumski Specialty Care Pfizer Inc Collegeville PA U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. Jones, H. Jones Specialty Care Pfizer Inc Collegeville PA U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Mallbris L. Mallbris Specialty Care Pfizer Inc Collegeville PA U.S.A Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 173, Issue 5, 1 November 2015, Pages 1271–1273, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13865 Published: 01 November 2015
Traumatic Brain Injury and Schizophrenia in Members of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Pedigrees
Authors: Dolores Malaspina, Raymond R. Goetz, Jill Harkavy Friedman, Charles A. Kaufmann, Stephen V. Faraone, Ming Tsuang, C. Robert Cloninger, John I. Nurnberger, Mary C. Blehar
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

Schizophrenia following a traumatic brain injury could be a phenocopy of genetic schizophrenia or the consequence of a gene-environment interaction. Alternatively, traumatic brain injury and schizophrenia could be spuriously associated if those who are predisposed to develop schizophrenia have greater amounts of trauma for other reasons. The authors investigated the relationship between traumatic brain injury and psychiatric diagnoses in a large group of subjects from families with at least two biologically related first-degree relatives with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder.The Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies was used to determine history of traumatic brain injury and diagnosis for 1,275 members of multiplex bipolar disorder pedigrees and 565 members of multiplex schizophrenia pedigrees.Rates of traumatic brain injury were significantly higher for those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression than for those with no mental illness. However, multivariate analysis of within-pedigree data showed that mental illness was related to traumatic brain injury only in the schizophrenia pedigrees. Independent of diagnoses, family members of those with schizophrenia were more likely to have had traumatic brain injury than were members of the bipolar disorder pedigrees. The members of the schizophrenia pedigrees also failed to show the gender difference for traumatic brain injury (more common in men than in women) that was expected and was present in the bipolar disorder pedigrees. Subjects with a schizophrenia diagnosis who were members of the bipolar disorder pedigrees (and thus had less genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia) were less likely to have had traumatic brain injury (4.5%) than were subjects with schizophrenia who were members of the schizophrenia pedigrees (and who had greater genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia) (19.6%).Members of the schizophrenia pedigrees, even those without a schizophrenia diagnosis, had greater exposure to traumatic brain injury compared to members of the bipolar disorder pedigrees. Within the schizophrenia pedigrees, traumatic brain injury was associated with a greater risk of schizophrenia, consistent with synergistic effects between genetic vulnerability for schizophrenia and traumatic brain injury. Posttraumatic-brain-injury schizophrenia in multiplex schizophrenia pedigrees does not appear to be a phenocopy of the genetic disorder.
Conservative Management of Benign Oesophageal Strictures
Authors: D. Brian Jones, Paul Smith
Journal: Endoscopy (1981)

Over a four year period, 66 patients have undergone fibreoptic endoscopy and Eder Puestow dilatation for a presumed benign oesophageal stricture. Ten patients were subsequently shown to have carcinoma of the oesophagus. There were 121 dilatations with only one perforation, which healed with conservative treatment. Twenty eight of the 56 patients with a benign stricture have required only one dilatation with relief of dysphagia during follow-up periods ranging from 11 months to 61 months (mean 29 months). In those requiring repeat dilatations, relief has been obtained for periods ranging from two weeks to 35 months (mean 6 months). Mean time to restricture in the carcinoma group was two weeks. We conclude that the Eder Puestow method is safe, well tolerated, and less than 5% will require surgery. Strictures which recur rapidly should arouse suspicion of malignancy.
Pulsatile Varicose Veins in Tricuspid Insufficiency
Authors: Michael Gordon
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The diagnosis of tricuspid insufficiency, which is often functional in nature and secondary to primary left-sided heart disease or severe lung disease, is not infrequently difficult to diagnose clinically. The accentuated V-waves in the neck veins may be missed if there is severe right-sided failure and the upper limit of the venous column cannot be seen to pulsate. The classical sign of the pulsating liver may be misinterpreted as pulsation being transmitted from the abdominal aorta. Recently, three patients with known left- and right-sided failure were suspected of having functional tricuspid insufficiency. In addition to the classical findings of pulsatile jugular veins and a pulsatile liver, it was noted in these patients that the veins in the upper part of their thighs were also pulsating with ventricular systoles. The fact that the patients had prominent varicose veins probably facilitated the propagation of these pulsations. In one of