tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Unified baseline and longitudinal mortality prediction in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Brett Ley, Williamson Z. Bradford, Derek Weycker, Eric Vittinghoff, Roland M. du Bois, Harold R. Collard
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2015)

The Gender-Age-Physiology (GAP) model is a validated, baseline-risk prediction model for mortality in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Longitudinal variables have been shown to contribute to risk prediction in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and may improve the predictive performance of the baseline GAP model. Our aims were to further validate the GAP model and evaluate whether the addition of longitudinal variables improves its predictive performance. The study population was derived from a large clinical trials cohort of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (n=1109). Model performance was determined by improvement in the C-statistic, net reclassification improvement, clinical net reclassification improvement, and a goodness-of-fit test. The GAP model had good discriminative performance with a C-statistic of 0.757 (95% CI 0.750–0.764). However, the original GAP model tended to overestimate risk in this cohort. A novel, easy to use model, consisting of the original GAP predictors plus history of respiratory hospitalisation and 24-week change in forced vital capacity (the longitudinal GAP model) improved model performance with a C-statistic of 0.785 (95% CI 0.780–0.790), net reclassification improvement of 8.5%, clinical net reclassification improvement of 25%, and a goodness-of-fit test of 0.929. The Longitudinal GAP model, along with the original GAP model, may unify baseline and longitudinal mortality risk prediction in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Carbohydrate heterogeneity of fibronectins. Synovial fluid fibronectin resembles the form secreted by cultured synoviocytes but differs from the plasma form.
Authors: S Carsons, B B Lavietes, A Slomiany, H S Diamond, E Berkowitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Large quantities of fibronectin (Fn) are present in inflammatory synovial fluid. Inflammatory synovial fluid Fn, while indistinguishable from plasma Fn on the basis of reactivity to polyclonal antibodies, displays alterations in molecular size and charge. Since biochemical differences between plasma and synovial fluid fibronectins might be in part due to differences in glycosylation we have compared the carbohydrate composition of plasma Fn, synovial fluid Fn, and Fn from synoviocyte conditioned medium by biochemical assay, glycopeptide analysis, and binding to a series of lectins. Synovial fluid Fn has a greater carbohydrate content but contains less sialic acid when compared with plasma Fn. Glycopeptides formed from synovial fluid Fn are smaller than plasma Fn glycopeptides. These data suggest the presence of an additional N-linked oligosaccharide chain on synovial fluid Fn. In addition, synovial fluid Fn contains N-acetyl galactosamine indicating the presence of O-linked oligosaccharides. Synovial fluid Fn and Fn isolated from rheumatoid synoviocyte-conditioned medium display strong reactivity with the lectins wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and peanut agglutinin (PNA), whereas normal and rheumatoid plasma Fn react weakly. The PNA reactivity of synovial fluid Fn is mediated by terminal beta-galactose residues on the gelatin-binding domain, whereas the enhanced WGA reactivity of synovial Fn is mediated by a sialic acid containing oligosaccharide located on a 27-kD C-terminal fragment. These data demonstrate domain-specific biochemical differences between plasma and synovial fluid fibronectins. These differences suggest a local origin for synovial fluid Fn and may contribute to functional differences between these forms of the protein.
Melanoma Cells Express ICOS Ligand to Promote the Activation and Expansion of T-Regulatory Cells
Authors: Natalia Martin-Orozco, Yufeng Li, Yijun Wang, Shijuan Liu, Patrick Hwu, Yong-Jun Liu, Chen Dong, Laszlo Radvanyi
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T-regulatory cells (Tregs) accumulate in tumors; however, little is known about how the tumor environment influences this process. Here we show that human melanomas express inducible T-cell costimulator ligand (ICOS-L/B7H) that can provide costimulation through ICOS for the expansion of activated Tregs maintaining high Foxp3 and CD25 expression as well as a suppressive function. Thus, ICOS-L expression by melanoma tumor cells may directly drive Treg activation and expansion in the tumor microenvironment as another mechanism of immune evasion. Cancer Res; 70(23); 9581–90. ©2010 AACR.
Abstract 2445: CD24+ liver tumor-initiating cells drives self-renewal and tumor initiation through Stat3-mediated Nanog regulation
Authors: Kin Wah Lee, Antonia Castilho, Vincent Chi-Ho Cheung, Kwan Ho Tang, Stephanie Ma, Irene Oi-Lin Ng
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Tumor-initiating cells (TICs) are a subpopulation of chemoresistant tumor cells that have been shown clinically to cause tumor recurrence upon chemotherapy. Identification of T-ICs and their related pathways are therefore priorities for the development of novel therapeutic paradigms. We established chemoresistant hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) xenograft tumors in immunocompromised mice in which an enriched T-IC population was capable of tumor initiation and self-renewal. Using this model, we found CD24 to be up-regulated in residual chemoresistant tumor tissue when compared with bulk tumor upon cisplatin treatment. The determine whether CD24 is a candidate TIC marker for HCC, cell sorting approach was employed to separate CD24-/CD24+ populations derived from HCC cell lines and clinical samples. CD24+ HCC cells were found to be critical for the maintenance of tumor growth, self-renewal, differentiation, chemoresistance and metastasis of tumors. Using quantitative PCR, CD24 was over-expressed in HCCs when compared with their non-tumor counterparts, and CD24 expression was significantly correlated with poor patients’ survival. Using a lentiviral-based knockdown approach, CD24 was found to be a functional liver T-IC marker that drives tumor initiation and self-renewal. Notably, whether by cell sorting or gene-knockdown approach, it was shown by quantitative PCR that the CD24-enriched population consistently overexpressed Nanog. Upon transfection of Nanog cDNA into CD24-knockdown cells, self-renewal and tumor formation were functionally recovered, suggesting Nanog as the downstream effecter of CD24. By Ingenuity Pathway analysis, ‘acute phase response signaling’ was found to be the most significantly altered upon CD24 knockdown in which phosphorylation of Stat3 at the Tyrosine705 residue is critical. Using Stat3 inhibitor (S3I-201), we found that Nanog promoter and its protein were down-regulated in dose-dependent manner in CD24+ HCC cells. CD24 was found to be a functional liver T-IC marker that drives T-IC genesis through Stat3-mediated Nanog regulation. In conclusion, we identified CD24+ HCC cells within bulky tumor, and they functioned to initiate tumor growth and self-renewal through Stat3-mediated Nanog up-regulation. The identification of novel CD24 signaling pathways provides an attractive therapeutic strategy against this deadly disease. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2445. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2445
Extending the Boundaries of the Primary Arterial Switch Operation in Patients With Transposition of the Great Arteries and Intact Ventricular Septum
Authors: Nicholas Kang, Marc R. de Leval, Martin Elliott, Victor Tsang, Ergin Kocyildirim, Igor Sehic, John Foran, Ian Sullivan
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— We have previously suggested that the primary arterial switch operation is a feasible strategy for patients with transposition of the great arteries and intact ventricular septum (TGA-IVS) up to age 2 months. This study reports our current results with this approach and examines whether this policy could be extended beyond age 2 months. Methods and Results— 380 patients who underwent arterial switch for TGA-IVS were reviewed. 275 patients were younger than 3 weeks at the time of surgery (early switch group); 105 patients were 3 weeks or older (range, 21 to 185 days) (late switch group). There was no difference in outcome in terms of in-hospital mortality (5.5% versus 3.8%) or need for mechanical circulatory support (3.6% versus 5.7%) between early and late switch groups. However, duration of postoperative ventilation (4.9 versus 7.1 days, P =0.012) and length of postoperative stay (12.5 versus 18.9 days, P &lt;0.001) were significantly prolonged in the late switch group. Primary left ventricular failure resulting in death occurred in 2 patients in the late switch group, with no deaths in 9 patients aged 2 to 6 months. Conclusions— This experience confirms that in TGA-IVS, the left ventricle maintains the potential for systemic work well beyond the first month of life. Consequently, neonates at high risk or late referrals can benefit from delayed arterial switch, even beyond age 2 months. However, the need for mechanical support in some of the older patients may limit the widespread adoption of such a strategy.
Ergot Poisoning Causing Death in Pregnancy
Authors: M. G. Bridger, K. S. Rodan
Journal: BMJ (1958)

BRnUH M2JICAL JOURNA4nephritis.The primary cause of the disease was found to be the flour consumed in the district, which is heavily contaminated with lead during milling.The clinical and laboratory findings, together with the necropsy report in a fatal case, are given.Further investigations in other villages are being undertaken.
DESIPRAMINE AND IMIPRAMINE IN AN OUTPATIENT SETTING: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: H. G. LAFAVE, B. W. MARCH, A. K. KARGAS, S. Y. SHUFFLER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1965)

In a comparative study, 40 outpatients, each having a depressive syndrome as the principal clinical feature, were treated with either desipramine or imipramine. Fourteen patients on each drug completed the study. The efficacy of both drugs as antidepressants was found to be in the same range. Desipramine had a more rapid onset of action than imipramine and produced slightly fewer side effects. The difference between the number of days for onset of action and the number of side effects with both drugs is not statistically significant. The majority of patients on each drug responded well to treatment.
Isothiocyanate-functionalized RGD peptides for tailoring cell-adhesive surface patterns
Authors: Sviatlana Kalinina, Hartmut Gliemann, Mónica López-García, Andre Petershans, Jörg Auernheimer, Thomas Schimmel, Michael Bruns, Alexandra Schambony, Horst Kessler, Doris Wedlich
Journal: Biomaterials (2008)
ABC of oxygen: Oxygen at high altitude
Authors: A. J Peacock
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The number of people travelling to the high altitude regions, especially South America, Nepal, and India, has risen enormously in the past 10 years. Without special climbing ability these trekkers can be exposed to altitudes they will not have encountered in their home countries. For example,the height of Everest base camp is 5500 m whereas the top of Mount Blanc, the highest mountain in the Alps, is only 4800 m. The areas with the highest mountains are also the areas with the poorest facilities, especially for medical care. Trekkers must therefore understand the effects of altitude on their bodies (hypoxia, cold, and dehydration), the processes of acclimatisation, and prophylaxis against and treatment of altitude illness.



Climbing Everest



High altitude can also be a problem for people with cardiopulmonary disease, many of whom take long haul flights on commercial aircraft. They need to know how their condition can be affected by the cabin altitude of the aeroplane (typically 1800-2500 m). If there is any doubt they should be assessed before travel to determine whether their condition is likely to worsen significantly during flight.



Relation between altitude and inspired oxygen pressure



Although the percentage of oxygen in inspired air is constant at different altitudes, the fall in atmospheric pressure at higher altitude decreases the partial pressure of inspired oxygen and hence the driving pressure for gas exchange in the lungs. An ocean of air is present up to 9-10 000 m, where the troposphere ends and the stratosphere begins. The weight of air above us is responsible for the atmospheric pressure, which is normally about 100 kPa at sea level. This atmospheric pressure is the sum of the partial pressures of the constituent gases, oxygen and nitrogen, and also the partial pressure of water vapour (6.3 kPa at 37°C). As oxygen is …
Differential infection patterns of CD4+ T cells and lymphoid tissue viral burden distinguish progressive and nonprogressive lentiviral infections
Authors: Jason M. Brenchley, Carol Vinton, Brian Tabb, Xing Pei Hao, Elizabeth Connick, Mirko Paiardini, Jeffrey D. Lifson, Guido Silvestri, Jacob D. Estes
Journal: Blood (2012)
Increased lymphoid MxA expression in acute asthma exacerbation in children
Authors: T Itazawa, Y Adachi, H Imamura, Y Okabe, J Yamamoto, Y Onoue, Y. S. Adachi, T Miyawaki, G Murakami
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Background: Although the association between acute asthma exacerbation and viral infection has been well documented, virus identification rates vary. It has recently been reported that the expression of MxA protein in lymphocytes, inducible by type I interferons, can serve as a sensitive marker for viral infection in the host. The objective was to determine the contribution of viral infection to precipitation of asthma attacks in children. Methods: We studied 186 asthmatic children, aged 0–12 years, over a 1‐year period to evaluate MxA protein levels in peripheral blood lymphocytes by using a flow cytometric analysis in whole blood. Results: Of all the subjects, 80 (47%) exhibited significantly elevated levels of MxA expression in lymphocytes, presumably indicating the states of viral infection. The association of viral infections with acute asthma exacerbation seemed to be marked in younger children: enhanced MxA expression was seen in 73.3% of infants (aged 0–1 year), 49.5% of toddlers (aged 2–5 years), and 26% of schoolchildren (aged 6–12 years). Seasonal changes in the frequency of viral infection associated with deterioration were also observed. Conclusions: Flow cytometric assay of MxA protein expression in whole blood appears to be an easy and useful method to evaluate viral infections in acute asthma exacerbation.
A Section on Tropical Diseases.
Authors: J. C. Wilson
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Philadelphia, June 1, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The Section on Tropical Diseases of the British Medical Association, organized a few years ago through the efforts of Dr. Sandwith of Cairo, has proved a noteworthy success. The meetings have been largely attended and the discussions have excited wide interest among the members of the association who represent the medicine of Great Britain in the tropical outposts and those at home. The subjects selected for the successive meetings have been of very general interest. This year they are as follows: For the first day, "Tick Fever"; second, "Sprue and Hill Diarrhea"; for the third, "Tropical Diseases of the Skin." While our national interests in the tropics are of comparatively recent date and much less extended than those of Great Britain, they are sufficiently important to make it in the highest degree desirable that a section on tropical diseases should be organized in
Medical School Libraries in the United States 1960 through 1975
Authors: Susan Crawford
Journal: JAMA (1977)

FOR ALMOST two decades subsequent to World War II, federal support for science and technology in the United States reached a magnitude never before equalled. Especially during the period 1953 to 1965, there occurred a sharp and sustained increase of huge proportion. While total expenditures by all sectors of the economy increased at an average rate of 13% per year, the contribution of the federal government to science grew at the rate of nearly 20% per year.<sup>1</sup>It was in this period that a great national research program in the health sciences developed, followed by public demand for increasing services in health, education, and welfare. Health sciences libraries, as strategies in attaining the objectives of research, teaching, and health care provision, were in turn affected by increased production of information and began to experience difficult problems in its handling and control. In the early postwar period, they were still
A MODIFIED METHOD OF OBTAINING LARGE AMOUNTS OF RICKETTSIA PROWAZEKI BY ROENTGEN IRRADIATION OF RATS
Authors: Atilio Macchiavello, Richard Dresser
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1935)

The radiation method described by Zinsser and Castaneda for obtaining large amounts of Rickettsia has been carried out successfully with an ordinary radiographic machine. This allows the extension of the method to those communities which do not possess a high voltage Roentgen therapy unit as originally employed.
Vitamins as asthmagens in the workplace
Authors: A. D. Vellore, S. Madathil, R. A. Heinink, V. C. Moore, S. Manney, C. Burge, P. S. Burge
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2008)

SILKOFF et al. [7] hypothesised that increased Daw,NO might be an early manifestation of asthma.However, we found no evidence to support this, since the distribution of Daw,NO was similar for both groups.In contrast, the range of Caw,NO values in the wheezers appeared to be higher than in controls.In asthmatics, Daw,NO is elevated compared with controls [7,8] but Caw,NO is not [7].Factors determining Caw,NO and Daw,NO may be different in infants with early asthma symptoms compared with older individuals who have established disease.Among the control subjects in the present study, values of Daw,NO in controls were higher than reported previously (range 3-37 nL?s -1 ?ppb [4]) and CawNO values were lower (49-385 ppb [4]).Apparent differences in FIP values between studies are most likely explained by the small numbers of participants in both studies.In addition, the FeNO values at low flows, known to predominantly influence Daw, NO and Caw,NO [1] differed between studies.The majority of mothers of control infants in the present study were atopic and this is relavent since maternal atopy is known to influence nitric oxide in infants [9].
HTLV-III/LAV Infection in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Thomas A. Peterman
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Twenty-five (4.8%) of 520 hemodialysis patients were seropositive for antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III lymphadenopathyassociated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) by enzyme immunoassay. Four had high reactivity on enzyme immunoassay and positive results of Western blot tests, and one of the four had a positive culture. The remaining 21 seropositive patients had low reactivity on enzyme immunoassay, negative results of Western blot tests, and negative cultures. All had received blood transfusions and 19 had antibodies to antigens associated with the H9 cell line used to propagate HTLV-III for serological tests. We found that HTLV-III/LAV was not transmitted in the dialysis centers. Frequent blood transfusion places dialysis patients at risk for HTLV-III/LAV infection, but may more commonly lead to false-positive results of enzyme immunoassay tests. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;255:2324-2326)
Portugal is ready to decriminalise abortion
Authors: Tiago Villanueva
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Portugal has taken a decisive step towards decriminalising abortion, after 59% of people who voted in a national referendum last week backed reforming the law so that abortion can be carried out until the 10th week of pregnancy in registered premises. Forty per cent of voters were against the proposal, but 56% of the eligible population of voters didn't vote at all, meaning that the result of the referendum is not binding.

But Portugal's prime minister, Jose Socrates, has stated publicly that a law decriminalising and regulating abortion will be introduced in the next few months. The percentage who voted in favour of reforming the abortion law represents a …
Experimental Myocardial Infarction by a Wedge Method: Early Changes in Collateral Flow
Authors: J. R. Rees, V. J. Redding
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1968)

Journal Article Experimental Myocardial Infarction by a Wedge Method: Early Changes in Collateral Flow Get access J. Russell Rees, J. Russell Rees From the Departments of Cardiology and Clinical Measurement, Westminster Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar V. J. Redding V. J. Redding From the Departments of Cardiology and Clinical Measurement, Westminster Hospital, London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 2, Issue 1, January 1968, Pages 43–53, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/2.1.43 Published: 01 January 1968
Epidemiology of Gastric Cancer
Authors: A. Lilienfeld
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

One of the most striking changes in disease mortality that has occurred during the past 40 to 50 years has been the marked decline in mortality from gastric cancer in the United States. The age-adjusted mortality rate for males has declined from 28 per 100,000 in 1930 to 9.7 in 1967. This decline has also occurred in incidence rates and has been noted in both sexes in all age groups. Unfortunately, the decline is not a reflection of improvements in survivorship since five-year survival rates have remained at about 10 per cent. Epidemiologic characteristics that have been consistently observed are . . .
Pregnancy in an infertile patient after transfer of an embryo fertilised in vitro
Authors: A. Trounson, C. Wood, J. Leeton
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Pregnancy in an infertile patient after transfer of an embryo fertilised in vitro SIR,-Dr Alan Trounson and others (12 March, p 835) outline the reasons for egg donation from one woman to another because of severe pelvic disorders preventing egg recovery, risk of genetic disease, risks of in vitro fertilisation procedures in unfit patients, ovarian dysgenesis, failed ovulatory stimulation, or the absence of ovaries.Some, but not all, of these reasons may have valid medical grounds.
Distribution of bronchial gland measurements in a Jamaican population
Authors: J. A. Hayes
Journal: Thorax (1969)

Measurements of the gland thickness and Reid index have been made on bronchi obtained at necropsy on 53 male and 52 female Jamaicans. The mean values for the Reid index and mucous gland thickness obtained were 0·314 and 0·192 mm. for males, and 0·302 and 0·170 mm. for females respectively. No significant increase in value was seen with age, although the data suggest this trend. The results have been compared with data published from Montreal and the same overall Gaussian distribution is seen. This supports the suggestion that the gland measurements in non-bronchitic and bronchitic subjects do not fall into two distinct groups but are part of a continuous distribution. The similarity of the two studies is also of interest as the populations are drawn from two distinct environments, one from a non-industrialized tropical island, the other from a large city in the northern hemisphere.