tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hypercholesteremia and Atheromatosis in Chicks on a Restricted Diet Containing Cholesterol
Authors: S. RODBARD, C. BOLENE, L. N. KATZ
Journal: Circulation (1951)

Restriction of dietary intake even to the point of emaciation gave no protection against atheromatosis or hypercholesteremia in chicks on a diet supplemented with cholesterol. These results show that there is no necessary relationship between the amount of body fat and atherosclerosis.
Cigarette Smoke-induced Airway Hyperresponsiveness Is Not Dependent on Elevated Immunoglobulin and Eosinophilic Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Allergic Airway Disease
Authors: Edward G. Barrett, Julie A. Wilder, Thomas H. March, Teresa Espindola, David E. Bice
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Epidemiologic studies suggest that children raised in homes of cigarette smokers have a higher incidence of asthma than children who are raised in homes of nonsmokers. We sought to develop an experimental model to understand the mechanisms involved. Female BALB/c mice were paired with male DO11.10 ovalbumin (OVA)-T cell receptor hemizygous (+/−) mice such that the offspring were either transgene positive (+/−) or negative (−/−). Mice were exposed to either air or mainstream cigarette smoke (100 mg/m3 total particulate matter, 6 hours/day, 7 days/week) during pregnancy. Immediately after birth, newborn mice were exposed for 4 weeks to either air or sidestream cigarette smoke (SS; 5 mg/m3 total particulate matter, 6 hours/day, 5 days/week) and then exposed for the following 6 weeks to either air, SS, OVA (5 mg/m3, 6 hours/day, 5 days/week) or a combination of OVA-SS. DO11.10 +/− offspring exposed to OVA had increased airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to methacholine challenge, total IgE, OVA-specific IgE and IgG1, lymphocytes, and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage and perivascular and peribronchiolar inflammation. Exposure to SS alone caused a significant increase in AHR in both +/− and −/− mice. Transgene −/− mice did not exhibit AHR after OVA exposure unless it was delivered in combination with SS. When compared with OVA-only exposure, OVA-SS exposure decreased total IgE, OVA-specific IgE, and IgG1 amounts in +/− mice. These results indicate that exposure to SS after birth enhanced AHR in offspring that are both predisposed (+/−) and nonpredisposed (−/−) to develop an allergic response to OVA, but this AHR was not associated with elevated lung eosinophilia or OVA-specific Ig amounts.
An integrated national pharmaceutical policy for the United Kingdom?
Authors: T. Walley
Journal: BMJ (2000)

The UK government wishes to have “joined up” policies to integrate areas such as health and social care. Although many of these policies impinge on pharmaceuticals (box below), there is no coherent, integrated, national pharmaceutical policy. As a result, some policies affecting pharmaceuticals seem to contradict or undermine others. Pharmaceuticals raise issues which are not evident in other areas of health provision:

We believe that there should be a single, clear policy on pharmaceuticals that unifies the various strands of relevant existing policies. In this article we try to describe what such a policy might look like.

#### Summary points

#### Some existing UK policies affecting pharmaceuticals1

Medicines Act 1968 , and revisions

Intellectual property rights

Advertising of drugs

Prescription charges

Profit controls

NICE

Computer assisted prescribing support systems—for example, PRODIGY

Generic prescribing targets set by central government

Commercial competition

Trade and parallel imports

Selected list

Drug tariff

Pharmaceutical price regulatory system supporting industry while controlling profits

Consumer Protection Act 

Product liability directive

The lack of a single policy on drugs has caused problems, and attempts to resolve these have …
Update: A 59-Year-Old Man Considering Implantation of a Cardiac Defibrillator
Authors: Anna A. Mattson-DiCecca
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Laënnec vs. Laennec
Authors: S. W. A. Gunn
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I was impressed by Dr. Viets' most erudite discussion on the correct spelling of the family name of Monsieur Laennec [in the article cited]. He takes great pains to show why the diaeresis over the second initial vowel should be dropped. His many words and 37 lines about 2 little dots, however, make the whole thing look like badly split hair as one detects the following 6 mistakes in his letter of correction: "<i>La Press Méd</i>" (which should read<i>Presse Méd</i>.) and "<i>De L'Auscultation Médiate</i>," which should lose all but its first capital letter, as French book titles do not follow the English capitalization system.
Cases of Nervous Disorders Treated by Mesmerism
Authors: J. C. Jennings
Journal: BMJ (1850)

NERVOUS DISORDERS TREATED BY MESMERISM.removed at each succeeding operation, after which the child suffered from a severe attack of influenza, which evidently hastened the fatal termination.This case appeared materially benefitted for a time after each operation, the position of the eyes was much improved, and the little patient appeared more cheerful.Although the accumulation of fluid was so considerable the child never became convulsed; the imperfect ossifi- cation would probably account for this, which rendered the containing parts more yielding, and, consequently prodniced less compression of the brain.On a post- mortem examination a vast quantity of fluid was found at the base of the brain and in the lateral sinuses, the brain being remarkably soft and flabby.
Association of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 gene with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Sergey Nejentsev, Cristian Guja, Rose McCormack, Jason Cooper, Joanna MM Howson, Sarah Nutland, Helen Rance, Neil Walker, Dag Undlien, Kjersti S Ronningen, Eva Tuomilehto-Wolf, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Constantin Ionescu-Tirgoviste, Edwin AM Gale, Polly J Bingley, Kathleen M Gillespie, David A Savage, Dennis J Carson, Chris C Patterson, A Peter Maxwell, John A Todd
Journal: The Lancet (2003)
A Prospective, Randomized Clinical Trial of Hemodynamic Support With Impella 2.5 Versus Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump in Patients Undergoing High-Risk Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: William W. O'Neill, Neal S. Kleiman, Jeffrey Moses, Jose P.S. Henriques, Simon Dixon, Joseph Massaro, Igor Palacios, Brijeshwar Maini, Suresh Mulukutla, Vladimír Džavík, Jeffrey Popma, Pamela S. Douglas, Magnus Ohman
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background— Although coronary artery bypass grafting is generally preferred in symptomatic patients with severe, complex multivessel, or left main disease, some patients present with clinical features that make coronary artery bypass grafting clinically unattractive. Percutaneous coronary intervention with hemodynamic support may be feasible for these patients. Currently, there is no systematic comparative evaluation of hemodynamic support devices for this indication. Methods and Results— We randomly assigned 452 symptomatic patients with complex 3-vessel disease or unprotected left main coronary artery disease and severely depressed left ventricular function to intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) (n=226) or Impella 2.5 (n=226) support during nonemergent high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention. The primary end point was the 30-day incidence of major adverse events. A 90-day follow-up was required, as well, by protocol. Impella 2.5 provided superior hemodynamic support in comparison with IABP, with maximal decrease in cardiac power output from baseline of −0.04±0.24 W in comparison with −0.14±0.27 W for IABP ( P =0.001). The primary end point (30-day major adverse events) was not statistically different between groups: 35.1% for Impella 2.5 versus 40.1% for IABP, P =0.227 in the intent-to-treat population and 34.3% versus 42.2%, P =0.092 in the per protocol population. At 90 days, a strong trend toward decreased major adverse events was observed in Impella 2.5–supported patients in comparison with IABP: 40.6% versus 49.3%, P =0.066 in the intent-to-treat population and 40.0% versus 51.0%, P =0.023 in the per protocol population, respectively. Conclusions— The 30-day incidence of major adverse events was not different for patients with IABP or Impella 2.5 hemodynamic support. However, trends for improved outcomes were observed for Impella 2.5–supported patients at 90 days. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00562016.
Truncus arteriosus with unilateral absence of a pulmonary artery. Criteria for operability and surgical results.
Authors: D D Mair, D G Ritter, G K Danielson, R B Wallace, D C McGoon
Journal: Circulation (1977)

In 15 of 126 (12%) patients with truncus arteriosus who were catheterized at the Mayo Clinic from 1967 through 1975, natural agenesis of one pulmonary artery was present. Ten truncus patients with either natural or acquired absence of one pulmonary artery have undergone definitive operation. The criteria for operability, based on a calculation of pulmonary resistance, are different in patients with single pulmonary artery than in patients with two pulmonary arteries. Study revealed that, if the calculated pulmonary resistance in the patient with single pulmonary artery is halved, this new value provides a more reliable assessment of the reactivity of the pulmonary arteriolar bed than does the total calculated pulmonary resistance value. Follow-up information suggests that the patient with single pulmonary artery may be at potentially high risk of continued progression of pulmonary vascular disease after surgical correction, possibly because of the postoperative obligatory increased flow through the single pulmonary arteriolar bed as a result of the entire cardiac output passing through it. Surgical correction of truncus arteriosus during infancy, before significant pulmonary vascular disease has developed, appears to be particularly desirable in this subgroup of patients with single pulmonary artery.
Role of Extracellular Matrix Signaling Cues in Modulating Cell Fate Commitment for Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering
Authors: Karina H. Nakayama, Luqia Hou, Ngan F. Huang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2014)

It is generally agreed that engineered cardiovascular tissues require cellular interactions with the local milieu. Within the microenvironment, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important support structure that provides dynamic signaling cues in part through its chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. In response to ECM factors, cells activate biochemical and mechanotransduction pathways that modulate their survival, growth, migration, differentiation, and function. This Review describes the role of ECM chemical composition, spatial patterning, and mechanical stimulation in the specification of cardiovascular lineages, with a focus on stem cell differentiation, direct transdifferentiation, and endothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition. The translational application of ECMs is discussed in the context of cardiovascular tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Abstract 559: Patterns of <i>Telomerase reverse transcriptase</i> (<i>TERT</i>) promoter mutations in melanoma and bladder cancer
Authors: Rajiv Kumar, Barbara Heidenreich, Ismail Hosen, Sivaramakrishna Rachakonda, Kari Hemminki
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract We previously reported a disease segregating causal germline mutation in a melanoma family and recurrent somatic mutations in metastasized tumours from unrelated patients within the core promoter region of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene1. Both the germline mutation at -57 bp from ATG start site and somatic mutations at -124 bp, -124/-125 bp, -138/-139 bp and -146 bp from ATG result in de novo creation of Ets/TCF transcription factor binding motifs that lead to the increased gene expression. Subsequent studies have shown that TERT promoter mutations are not only confined to melanoma and are rather recurrent in different cancer types that include bladder cancer, glioma, hepatocellular carcinoma and others. In this study we show the difference in pattern of the TERT promoter mutations between melanoma and bladder cancer. While in melanoma the -146 C&amp;gt;T mutation is the most frequent detected somatic base change in the TERT promoter, the -124 C&amp;gt;T mutation is overwhelmingly the most common mutation in bladder cancer. In melanoma CC&amp;gt;TT tandem mutations at -124/-125 bp and -138/-139 bp positions from ATG constitute about 10 percent of the detected TERT promoter mutations whereas in bladder cancer we did not detect any tandem mutations. The differences in the mutational pattern reflect etiological differences between the cancer types. In conclusion, the pattern of mutations in the TERT promoter differ between the cancer types even though all common mutations within the TERT promoter result in de novo creation of a common CCGGAA/T motif for Ets/TCF transcription factors. 1Horn S, Figl A, Rachakonda PS, Fischer C, Sucker A, Gast A, Kadel S, Moll I, Nagore E, Hemminki K, Schadendorf D, Kumar R. TERT promoter mutations in familial and sporadic melanoma. Science. 2013;22:339:959-961. Citation Format: Rajiv Kumar, Barbara Heidenreich, Ismail Hosen, Sivaramakrishna Rachakonda, Kari Hemminki. Patterns of Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations in melanoma and bladder cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 559. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-559
Regional variations in the incidence of urinary stones
Authors: S. Ljunghall
Journal: BMJ (1978)

<h3>Objective.</h3> Discussion and endorsement of the OMERACT total joint replacement (TJR) core domain set for total hip replacement (THR) and total knee replacement (TKR) for endstage arthritis; and next steps for selection of instruments. <h3>Methods.</h3> The OMERACT TJR working group met at the 2016 meeting at Whistler, British Columbia, Canada. We summarized the previous systematic reviews, the preliminary OMERACT TJR core domain set and results from previous surveys. We discussed preliminary core domains for TJR clinical trials, made modifications, and identified challenges with domain measurement. <h3>Results.</h3> Working group participants (n = 26) reviewed, clarified, and endorsed each of the inner and middle circle domains and added a range of motion domain to the research agenda. TJR were limited to THR and TKR but included all endstage hip and knee arthritis refractory to medical treatment. Participants overwhelmingly endorsed identification and evaluation of top instruments mapping to the core domains (100%) and use of subscales of validated multidimensional instruments to measure core domains for the TJR clinical trial core measurement set (92%). <h3>Conclusion.</h3> An OMERACT core domain set for hip/knee TJR trials has been defined and we are selecting instruments to develop the TJR clinical trial core measurement set to serve as a common foundation for harmonizing measures in TJR clinical trials.
DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE-4 INHIBITOR HAS BENEFICIAL EFFECTS ON POST-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION HEART IN DIABETIC MICE
Authors: Akihiko Kubota, Hiroshi Hasegawa, Yoshihito Kameda, Kobara Yuka, Hiroyuki Tadokoro, Yoshio Kobayashi, Issei Komuro, Hiroyuki Takano
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Boosting Cardiac Contractility with Genes
Authors: R S Williams
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

The failing heart is a challenge to clinicians, scientists, and those who grapple with the problems of economics and equity in the provision of medical services. Numerically, the problem is enormous: 400,000 new cases and $10.2 billion in direct medical costs in the United States annually. Current forms of treatment are reasonable but have a limited impact on the overall human and monetary costs of this condition. Cardiac transplantation provides definitive therapy with acceptable risks, but the costs are high and donor hearts are available for only a tiny fraction of the patients in need. Medical therapy for heart failure . . .
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes carrying a pattern recognition protein Tag7 can detect evasive, HLA-negative but Hsp70-exposing tumor cells, thereby ensuring FasL/Fas-mediated contact killing
Authors: Lidia P. Sashchenko, Elena A. Dukhanina, Yury V. Shatalov, Denis V. Yashin, Tamara I. Lukyanova, Olga D. Kabanova, Elena A. Romanova, Sergei V. Khaidukov, Alexander V. Galkin, Nikolai V. Gnuchev, Georgii P. Georgiev
Journal: Blood (2007)
A haplotype map of genomic variations and genome-wide association studies of agronomic traits in foxtail millet (Setaria italica)
Authors: Guanqing Jia, Xuehui Huang, Hui Zhi, Yan Zhao, Qiang Zhao, Wenjun Li, Yang Chai, Lifang Yang, Kunyan Liu, Hengyun Lu, Chuanrang Zhu, Yiqi Lu, Congcong Zhou, Danlin Fan, Qijun Weng, Yunli Guo, Tao Huang, Lei Zhang, Tingting Lu, Qi Feng, Hangfei Hao, Hongkuan Liu, Ping Lu, Ning Zhang, Yuhui Li, Erhu Guo, Shujun Wang, Suying Wang, Jinrong Liu, Wenfei Zhang, Guoqiu Chen, Baojin Zhang, Wei Li, Yongfang Wang, Haiquan Li, Baohua Zhao, Jiayang Li, Xianmin Diao, Bin Han
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
Audit of the role of oesophageal manometry in clinical practice.
Authors: P W Johnston, B T Johnston, B J Collins, J S Collins, A H Love
Journal: Gut (1993)

This oesophageal laboratory serves a population of 1.5 million. The study aimed to review referral patterns and assess the cost effectiveness of oesophageal manometry in clinical practice. All 276 consecutive manometry studies performed between 1988 and 1991 were reviewed. Reasons for referral in the 268 first referrals were: dysphagia 50.4%, non-cardiac chest pain 23.1%, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease 14.2%, connective tissue disease 11.2%, and 9other9 1.1%. Manometry was normal in 49.3%, showed achalasia in 17.9%, diffuse oesophageal spasm in 13.4%, connective tissue disease in 7.8%, hypertensive lower oesophageal sphincter in 4.5%, nutcracker oesophagus in 2.6%, and 9other9 in 4.5%. A positive diagnosis was significantly more common if dysphagia was the reason for referral (65.9% v 35.3%, p &lt; 0.01). A positive diagnosis was established in 60% of patients referred with connective tissue disease, 30.6% with non-cardiac chest pain, and 21.1% with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. A positive diagnosis was significantly more common in connective tissue disease when symptoms were present (85% v 10%, p &lt; 0.05). Management was changed in 48.9% of all patients because of manometry findings. The cost of each oesophageal manometry study was calculated to be 63.00 pounds: every change in patient management cost 129.00 pounds. In conclusion, oesophageal manometry changed management in over 20% of patients with non-cardiac chest pain or gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and in over 60% of those with dysphagia. It is, therefore, a useful and cost effective test in patients with these symptoms.
Use of telemedicine will double in next decade, report predicts
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The telemedicine sector is expected to grow by an average of 10% a year across Europe to 2020, or double the rise in total healthcare spending, a report has predicted. Chronic illnesses such as heart complaints, asthma, and diabetes are particularly appropriate for telemedicine, it says.

The greater use of telemedicine is also expected to usher in considerable change in the structure of care, says the report, by Deutsche Bank Research.

“While the workload for the outpatient sector will increase, traditional inpatient care will see its role continue to recede,” it says.

Najeeb Shorbaji, director of knowledge management and sharing at …
The Long and the Short of Sleeping Pills
Authors: J. Christian Gillin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

INSOMNIA is a common malady, affecting about a third of adults during the course of a year.1 Serious insomnia is reported by 17 percent of the general adult population and is particularly prevalent among women, the elderly, and people with psychic distress, psychiatric disorders, a history of alcohol or substance abuse, or a combination of health problems. Although transient or short-term insomnia usually results from acute stress or environmental disturbances, chronic insomnia is quite heterogenous in origin.2 The complexity of the insomniac nosology has been shown in a recently published classification of sleep disorders.3 Insomnia, especially when it lasts more . . .
Abnormal Na+/H+ antiporter phenotype and turnover of immortalized lymphoblasts from type 1 diabetic patients with nephropathy.
Authors: L L Ng, J E Davies, M Siczkowski, F P Sweeney, P A Quinn, B Krolewski, A S Krolewski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Cellular Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) activity is elevated in type 1 diabetic patients with nephropathy and patients with essential hypertension. The characteristics of this NHE phenotype in hypertension (raised Vmax and a lowered Hill coefficient) are preserved in Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblasts from hypertensive patients. In this study, we have determined NHE kinetics in cultured lymphoblasts from diabetic patients with and without nephropathy, with nondiabetic controls, using fluorometry with the pH indicator 2,7'-bis-(carboxyethyl)-5,6-carboxyfluorescein and estimation of NHE isoform 1 (NHE-1) density with specific polyclonal antibodies. The Vmax of NHE was elevated significantly, and the Hill coefficient for internal H+ binding was lowered in cells from patients with diabetic nephropathy compared with both normal controls and normoalbuminuric diabetic patients. NHE-1 density as measured by Western blotting was similar in all groups. The turnover number of NHE-1 was thus elevated in cells from nephropathy patients. This phenotype in cells from diabetic nephropathy patients resembles that in essential hypertension and suggests that such patients may have a predisposition to hypertension. Moreover, as these changes persist in cultured lymphoblasts in vitro, these cells should provide a cell culture model to further define the basic mechanisms leading to NHE activation in diabetic nephropathy.
707 DIET INDUCED FATTY LIVER IS PREVENTED AND REVERSED BY FATTY ACID BILE ACID CONJUGATES (FABACS) VIA INHIBITION OF STEAROYL COENZYME A DESATURASE 1 IN RODENTS
Authors: T. Gilat, K.R. Steffensen, A. Leikin-Frenkel, K. Guldevall, I. Goldiner, F.M. Konikoff
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)