tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Increased intestinal permeability in rats with graft versus host disease.
Authors: W A Koltun, M M Bloomer, P Colony, G L Kauffman
Journal: Gut (1996)

The study of graft versus host disease of the intestine has significant clinical relevance and may also be a model for other immune mediated intestinal diseases. There presently is no simple non-invasive test that can be used to evaluate graft versus host disease induced intestinal injury in humans or animal models. This study tested the hypothesis that graft versus host disease leads to an increase in host bowel permeability as assessed by the relative urinary excretion of orally administered lactulose and rhamnose.The urinary excretion ratio of orally administered lactulose and rhamnose was determined daily for two weeks in (Lewis x Brown-Norway) F1 rats with graft versus host disease caused by either the transplantation of parental (Lewis) small bowel or the intraperitoneal injection of parental (Lewis) splenic lymphocytes.Significant twofold to fourfold increases in the lactulose to rhamnose ratio were seen in both small bowel transplant and splenic lymphocyte transfer animals suffering from graft versus host disease during the second postoperative week. This effect occurred sooner in small bowel transplant than in splenic lymphocyte transfer animals (postoperative day 7 versus 11, respectively). The signs of graft versus host disease, including splenomegaly and altered intestinal mucosal architecture, as well as the increased lactulose to rhamnose ratio were significantly attenuated in small bowel transplant animals treated with cyclosporine A (10 mg/kg/day).Graft versus host disease is associated with an increase in the lactulose to rhamnose clearance ratio reflecting an increase in host bowel permeability. This increase, along with the signs of systemic graft versus host disease, can be significantly ameliorated by cyclosporine A. The lactulose to rhamnose clearance ratio is a non-invasive technique that can be used to assess the intestinal effects of graft versus host disease and the associated increase in intestinal permeability.
Therapeutic activation of Vα24+Vβ11+ NKT cells in human subjects results in highly coordinated secondary activation of acquired and innate immunity
Authors: Mie Nieda, Miki Okai, Andrea Tazbirkova, Henry Lin, Ayako Yamaura, Kazuki Ide, Rick Abraham, Takeo Juji, David J. Macfarlane, Andrew J. Nicol
Journal: Blood (2003)
Regulation of T-cell-mediated lympholysis by the murine major histocompatibility complex. II. Control of cytotoxic responses to trinitrophenyl-K and -D self products by H-2K- and H-2D-Region genes.
Authors: R B Levy, G M Shearer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1980)

An H-2K/IA recombinant mouse strain was used to map the genes within the H-2 complex which determine the ability to respond in cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) to low doses of trinitrophenyl-self (TNP-self). It was found that gene(s) which map to the K region are involved in regulation of CML response to low-dose TNP-self. It was also found that CML response to TNP recognized in association with H-2Dq was not detectable in this recombinant. These findings are discussed with respect to the involvement of the H-2K and H-2D regions by structural and/or regulator gene functions.
Prevention of Antibiotic Resistance in Hospitals
Authors: Marin Kollef
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters15 January 2002Prevention of Antibiotic Resistance in HospitalsMarin Kollef, MDMarin Kollef, MDWashington University School of Medicine; Barnes-Jewish Hospital; St. Louis, MO 63110Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-2-200201150-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Fraser and I agree with Dr. Johnson that patients' underlying host defenses play a very important role in determining susceptibility to infection with antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. In addition, studies attempting to define the impact of antibiotic resistance on clinical outcomes need to take severity of illness and other underlying patient characteristics into account. Only in this way can accurate estimates be made concerning the impact of antibiotic resistance on hospital mortality and other clinical outcomes. We also thank Drs. Singh and Yu for clarifying how they used the clinical pulmonary infection score in their clinical trial. More studies ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Washington University School of Medicine; Barnes-Jewish Hospital; St. Louis, MO 63110 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoAntibiotic Resistance in the Intensive Care Unit Marin H. Kollef and Victoria J. Fraser Prevention of Antibiotic Resistance in Hospitals James R. Johnson Prevention of Antibiotic Resistance in Hospitals Nina Singh and Victor L. Yu Metrics 15 January 2002Volume 136, Issue 2Page: 173KeywordsAntibiotic resistanceAntibioticsClinical trialsMortalityPulmonary diseases ePublished: 15 January 2002 Issue Published: 15 January 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Telecardiography and the Use of Simple Computers
Authors: Thomas C. Gibson, William E. Thornton, William P. Algary, Ernest Craige
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

TWO major limitations in the taking and interpretation of the conventional electrocardiogram are related to time and physical activity. Much reliance is placed on a record that shows but a fraction of the daily electric impulses from the heart. The electrocardiogram is taken with the patient at rest, and this does not wholly represent the physiologic state of the heart during a major part of the day. Thus, the conventional electrocardiogram may not give sufficient dimension. It follows that a method is required that gives the electrocardiographer the opportunity of recording continuously over long periods and under circumstances in which . . .
Effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on pancreatic digestive and lysosomal enzymes.
Authors: M V Apte, J S Wilson, M A Korsten, G W McCaughan, P S Haber, R C Pirola
Journal: Gut (1995)

The pathogenesis of alcoholic pancreatitis is not fully understood. An increase in pancreatic digestive and lysosomal enzyme synthesis because of ethanol consumption could contribute to the development of pancreatic injury in alcoholics. This study aimed, firstly, to determine the effect of ethanol on the content and messenger RNA levels of pancreatic digestive enzymes and on the messenger RNA level of the lysosomal enzyme cathepsin B, and secondly, to examine the influence of concomitant protein deficiency (a known association of alcoholism and pancreatic injury) on these effects. A rat model of chronic ethanol administration was used in which rats were fed in groups of four, and for four weeks, protein sufficient and protein deficient diets with or without ethanol. Ethanol increased the pancreatic content of lipase but did not influence chymotrypsinogen or trypsinogen values. mRNA levels for lipase, trypsinogen, and chymotrypsinogen were raised in rats fed ethanol. Protein deficiency resulted in reduced tissue levels of lipase, chymotrypsinogen, and amylase but did not influence trypsinogen values. mRNA levels for proteases were increased in protein deficient rats, while those for lipase remained unaltered. Both ethanol and protein deficiency increased mRNA levels for cathepsin B. It is concluded that chronic ethanol consumption, in both protein sufficient and protein deficient states, increases the capacity of the pancreatic acinar cell to synthesise digestive and lysosomal enzymes.
The Diagnosis of Malignant Tumours of the Ovary, and Malignant Peritonitis
Authors: J. Foulis
Journal: BMJ (1878)

THE BRRIUSHNEDICAL 7OURNAL. gt at the Gorbals of Glasgow.Some hospitals were founded much earlier, evn more than two hundred years before the Glasgow institution.Of course, these hospitals were not like modem hospitals, numbering their inmates by hundreds; but still so general was this disease in the king- dom, and so much was the necessity of isolation considered a duty and safeguard to the community, that there were about one hundred leper hospitals in England and Scotland, which were under strict regulations, and the most stringent rules were enacted to prevent the sick from mixing with the well.In some, under certain precautions, the inmates on certain days were allowed to leave to buy provisions.In others, the inmates were punishable by death if they left the hospitals; and, to emphasise tbis regulation, a gallows was erected in front of the leper- house.WVith regard to the Glasgow house, in the burgh records for 1573 we find that the then magistrates ordered four persons supposed to be lepers " to be viseit, and gif they be found so, to be secludit of the town, in the hospital at the Brigend".In the Parliament held at Perth in 1427, the following is a clause from an Act then passed: " Item, that na lepper folke sit to thig (beg), neither in kirk nor kirk.yaird nor other places within the burrowes, but at their own hospital.and at the fist of the towne and other places outwith the burrowes."
Benefits of Male Circumcision
Authors: Robert Darby
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Normal responsiveness of superficial hand veins to alpha- and beta-adrenergic stimuli in allergic asthma: Effects of terbutaline and prednisolone on beta-adrenergic responsiveness2
Authors: H EICHLER, B BLOCHLDAUM, I EICHLER, M WOLZT, A KORN, M GOTZ
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1990)
LATERAL DISPLACEMENT OF TENDON INSERTIONS FOR THE CURE OF STRABISMUS.
Authors: EDWARD JACKSON
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The recti muscles act on the eyeball from a common origin. Their normal directions prolonged backward would pass practically to a common point in the outer, lower wall of the optic foramen. Their differences of action depend on differences of insertion. By lateral displacement of its insertion one rectus might be made to take up the function of either of the others. A displacement of not more than 15 mm. up or down, and out, would cause the internus to perform the function of the superior or the inferior rectus. Some lateral displacement of the insertion of the recti tendons is possible; and any portion of such lateral displacement can bring about a corresponding change of function. Conceive a plane passed through the insertions of the recti muscles roughly perpendicular to the antero-posterior axis of the eyeball, intersecting the sclera in the circumference of a circle. Then the new function
A Walk on the Beach
Authors: David S. Pisetsky
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

On Being a Doctor3 September 2002A Walk on the BeachDavid S. Pisetsky, MD, PhDDavid S. Pisetsky, MD, PhDDuke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-5_Part_1-200209030-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail In August of each year, I take a 2-week vacation with my family, wanting to get as far away as possible from the hospital where I'm the rheumatology division chief. We rent a cottage on the beach, and I do my best to avoid any thoughts of medicine, patients, sickness, or death.Although I claim I do nothing on vacation, my day is actually full. I swim in the surf, I walk on the beach, and I fish for spot and pompano. The high point is in the evening when I sit on the porch, drink Jack Daniel's, and savor ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Duke University Medical Center; Durham, NC 27710Corresponding Author: David S. Pisetsky, MD, PhD, 151G, Durham VA Hospital, 508 Fulton Street, Durham, NC 27705; e-mail, [email protected]duke.edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 3 September 2002Volume 137, Issue 5_Part_1Page: 366-367KeywordsAmbulancesFearHospitalsMyocardial infarctionOxygenRheumatologyRunningSkeletonSwimmingThorax ePublished: 3 September 2002 Issue Published: 3 September 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
The Optimal Imaging Strategy for Patients With Stable Chest Pain
Authors: Tessa S.S. Genders, Steffen E. Petersen, Francesca Pugliese, Amardeep G. Dastidar, Kirsten E. Fleischmann, Koen Nieman, M.G. Myriam Hunink
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2015)

The optimal imaging strategy for patients with stable chest pain is uncertain.To determine the cost-effectiveness of different imaging strategies for patients with stable chest pain.Microsimulation state-transition model.Published literature.60-year-old patients with a low to intermediate probability of coronary artery disease (CAD).Lifetime.The United States, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands.Coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography, cardiac stress magnetic resonance imaging, stress single-photon emission CT, and stress echocardiography.Lifetime costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios.The strategy that maximized QALYs and was cost-effective in the United States and the Netherlands began with coronary CT angiography, continued with cardiac stress imaging if angiography found at least 50% stenosis in at least 1 coronary artery, and ended with catheter-based coronary angiography if stress imaging induced ischemia of any severity. For U.K. men, the preferred strategy was optimal medical therapy without catheter-based coronary angiography if coronary CT angiography found only moderate CAD or stress imaging induced only mild ischemia. In these strategies, stress echocardiography was consistently more effective and less expensive than other stress imaging tests. For U.K. women, the optimal strategy was stress echocardiography followed by catheter-based coronary angiography if echocardiography induced mild or moderate ischemia.Results were sensitive to changes in the probability of CAD and assumptions about false-positive results.All cardiac stress imaging tests were assumed to be available. Exercise electrocardiography was included only in a sensitivity analysis. Differences in QALYs among strategies were small.Coronary CT angiography is a cost-effective triage test for 60-year-old patients who have nonacute chest pain and a low to intermediate probability of CAD.Erasmus University Medical Center.
STUDIES ON DESOXYRIBONUCLEASE IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. NON-PARTICIPATION OF SERUM DESOXYRIBONUCLEASE IN THE “L.E. PHENOMENON” 1
Authors: Nathaniel B. Kurnick, Sanford Pariser, Lawrence I. Schwartz, Stanley L. Lee, Wallace Irvine
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1952)

In 1948, Hargraves, Richmond, and Morton (1) described a new cellular element in the bone marrow of patients with acute systemic lupus erythematosus. This element, referred to as the  cell, has been confirmed by a number of investigators, and has been suggested as a diagnostic aid (2). The L.E. cell may be formed during the incubation of normal homologous or heterologous leucocytes (3) with the sera of some patients suffering
Baculovirus and insect cell gene expression: review of baculovirus biotechnology.
Authors: R M Patterson, J K Selkirk, B A Merrick
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

The BEVS continues to evolve as a powerful, flexible tool for molecular biology, protein function, and biomedical research. Future developments offer the promise of replacement of hazardous chemical insecticides with environmentally safe biopesticides, construction of baculovirus vectors which encode genes for specific post-translational modifications, and establishment of efficient, stably transformed insect cell lines. FDA approval of BEVS-produced products offer the prospect of new biopharmaceuticals, in particular human therapeutics and vaccines, to improve human health and increase the quality of life for millions of people.
Positive antimitochondrial antibody but normal alkaline phosphatase: Is this primary biliary cirrhosis?
Authors: Harriet C. Mitchison, Margaret F. Bassendine, Alex Hendrick, Mark K. Bennett, Graham Bird, Alexander J. Watson, Oliver F. W. James
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

Twenty-nine patients with a positive antimitochondrial antibody titer greater than or equal to 1/40, who were detected during screening for other autoimmune disease, are described who had a normal serum bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and transaminase and who had no symptoms of liver disease at presentation. Liver biopsies in 12 of the 29 fulfilled diagnostic criteria for primary biliary cirrhosis; a further 12 were consistent with primary biliary cirrhosis, but only 2 were normal. There was a high incidence of other autoantibodies and autoimmune diseases, especially thyroid antibodies and disorders. Sixteen of these patients have been followed for over 4 years since diagnosis (mean = 6 years, range = 4 to 9 years) and for a mean of 8.7 years since initial detection of the antimitochondrial antibody (range = 4 to 13). Five of 16 developed symptoms suggestive of primary biliary cirrhosis, and 11 of 16 developed elevation of alkaline phosphatase. The antimitochondrial antibody activity in these patients was in the same IgG subclasses (predominantly IgG1 and IgG3) as that seen in a group of 23 patients with clinically, biochemically and histologically advanced primary biliary cirrhosis. All showed the same abnormalities on quantitative estimation of the total IgG subclasses in serum; relative excess of IgG3 and, to a lesser extent, IgG2 was exhibited. It is concluded that, in this study, the finding of an antimitochondrial antibody titer greater than or equal to 1/40 is strongly suggestive of primary biliary cirrhosis even in the absence of symptoms and the presence of a normal alkaline phosphatase.
The epidemiology of dysthymia in five communities: rates, risks, comorbidity, and treatment
Authors: M M Weissman, P J Leaf, M L Bruce, L Florio
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1988)

Data from a survey of five U.S. communities showed that dysthymia affected approximately 3% of the adult population. It was more common in women under age 65, unmarried persons, and young persons with low income and was associated with greater use of general health and psychiatric services and psychotropic drugs. Dysthymia had a high comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders, particularly major depression; only about 25%-30% of cases occur over a lifetime in the absence of other psychiatric disorders. The findings suggest that although the onset and highest risk periods of major depression and bipolar disorder are in young adulthood, a residual state of dysthymia occurs in middle and old age.
Medical supplies airlifted to Afghanistan
Authors: R. Ivker
Journal: BMJ (1997)

The International Red Cross is again airlifting emergency medical supplies into some of the remote areas in Afghanistan that have been ravaged by the continuing civil war. Officials fear that as winter drags on the humanitarian toll could reach disaster proportions.

In the past four years nearly 50000 people have died in the conflict between the Taliban authority and a coalition of ethnic minority groups that is fighting against it. …
Perinatal Outcomes in the Pregnancies of Asthmatic Women: A Prospective Controlled Analysis
Authors: Michael Schatz, Robert S. Zeiger, Clement P. Hoffman, Kathleen Harden, Alan Forsythe, Linda Chi Ungar, Brian Saunders, Richard Porreco, William Sperling, Marcia Kagnoff, Abram S. Benenson
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Prior studies have found an increased incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes of pregnancies in asthmatic mothers, but these studies have been poorly controlled for asthma therapy and other confounding factors. The purpose of this study was to assess perinatal outcomes in actively managed pregnant asthmatic women as compared with matched nonasthmatic controls. Using an inception cohort design, we studied a volunteer sample of 486 pregnant (< 28 wk) women with documented asthma and 486 pregnant nonasthmatic controls with normal pulmonary function. Cases and controls were matched for age, smoking status, parity, and year of delivery. Asthma was managed with step therapy to prevent acute asthmatic episodes and asthma symptoms that interfered with sleep or normal activity. Chronic hypertension was significantly more common (p = 0.007) in asthmatic subjects (3.7%) than in matched controls (1.0%). However, no significant differences in incidences of preeclampsia, perinatal mortality, preterm births, low-birth-weight infants, intrauterine growth retardation, or congenital malformations were observed in the pregnancies of the asthmatic women as compared with the matched controls. Trends were observed toward relationships between more severe asthma requiring emergency therapy or corticosteroids and increased incidences of preeclampsia and low-birth-weight infants, but these associations were not statistically significant. These data suggest that the overall perinatal prognosis for women with actively managed asthma during pregnancy is comparable to that for the nonasthmatic population.
The Study of Fear Extinction: Implications for Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Bronwyn M. Graham, Mohammed R. Milad
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2011)

In this review, the authors propose that the fear extinction model can be used as an experimental tool to cut across symptom dimensions of multiple anxiety disorders to enhance our understanding of the psychopathology of these disorders and potentially facilitate the detection of biomarkers for them. The authors evaluate evidence for this proposition from studies examining the neurocircuitry underlying fear extinction in rodents, healthy humans, and clinical populations. The authors also assess the potential use of the fear extinction model to predict vulnerability for anxiety and treatment response and to improve existing treatments or develop novel ones. Finally, the authors suggest potential directions for future research that will help to further validate extinction as a biomarker for anxiety across diagnostic categories and to bridge the gap between basic neuroscience and clinical practice.