tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aortic arch aneurysm: Resection and replacement: protection of the nervous system
Authors: R. Nicks
Journal: Thorax (1972)

A patient with an aortic arch aneurysm, who was submitted to resection and replacement by a prosthetic graft during a 36-minute period of cerebral arterial occlusion at 20° C, and who subsequently died of ischaemic brain damage, is reported. Current methods for protection of the central nervous system from ischaemic damage during operations of this type are reviewed. It is considered that total body perfusion, including all arteries which supply the circle of Willis, with hypothermia as low as 20° C, will provide the safest background to a successful operation.
Amplification by phenylephrine and serotonin of coronary vasoconstriction induced by a high arterial blood oxygen tension
Authors: S. Mouren, E. Vicaut, O. Charansonney, M. Duvelleroy
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Objective: The aim was to investigate the effect on the coronary network of the interaction between high arterial blood oxygen tension (Pao2) and stimulation by the α adrenergic agonist phenylephrine or by serotonin in an isolated, blood perfused rabbit heart preparation. Methods: Fresh pig erythrocytes in Krebs-Henseleit buffer were oxygenated to reach normal Pao2 [19.4(SEM 0.7) kPa] or high Pao2 [53.2(5.5) kPa]. Blood oxygen content was kept constant despite the higher Pao2, by slightly reducing the haemoglobin concentration from 9.3(0.2) to 8.8(0.2) g·100 ml−1 (p < 0.01). Coronary blood flow was kept constant throughout the study, so that the oxygen supply would not vary with the rise in Pao2. Increases in coronary resistance were therefore reflected by increased perfusion pressure. Results: Switching from normal to high Pao2 induced coronary vasoconstriction, reflected by enhanced perfusion pressure of +21(5)%. After pretreatment with the α adrenergic agonist phenyleprine, perfusion of a high Pao2 solution increased coronary resistance by +35(7)% (p<0.05), a value significantly higher than that found without phenylephrine. Oxygen consumption and myocardial performance did not vary throughout the study. To determine whether this amplification of the response, we applied the same protocol using serotonin instead of phenylephrine. Here again, coronary vasoconstriction rose in response to high Pao2 after serotonin infusion [+25(5)% versus +59(10)%]. Conclusions: The response of the coronary network to high Pao2 is amplified by pretreatment with the α adrenergic agonist phenylephrine or with serotonin, regardless of any changes in metabolic status. Cardiovascular Research 1994;28:1326-1330
Certain hydrolyzed formulas reduce the incidence of atopic dermatitis but not that of asthma: Three-year results of the German Infant Nutritional Intervention Study
Authors: Andrea von Berg, Sibylle Koletzko, Birgit Filipiak-Pittroff, Birgit Laubereau, Armin Grübl, Heinz-Erich Wichmann, Carl-Peter Bauer, Dietrich Reinhardt, Dietrich Berdel
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
The affective neuroeconomics of social brains: One man's cruelty is another's suffering
Authors: Jaak Panksepp
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Cruelty does not emerge from a single emotional system of the brain. Its many cognitive aspects are intermeshed inextricably with the nature of negative affects ranging from fear to suffering. The rewards of cruelty may be counteracted by a variety of neurochemical factors as well as novel social policies.
Plasma von Willebrand Factor Levels Are an Independent Risk Factor for Adverse Events Including Mortality and Major Bleeding in Anticoagulated Atrial Fibrillation Patients
Authors: Vanessa Roldán, Francisco Marín, Begoña Muiña, Jose Miguel Torregrosa, Diana Hernández-Romero, Mariano Valdés, Vicente Vicente, Gregory Y.H. Lip
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Vasculitis and Cryoglobulinemia Related to Hepatitis C
Authors: A O Shakil, A M Di Bisceglie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

Figure 1. Vasculitis and Cryoglobulinemia Related to Hepatitis C. A 51-year-old woman with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and type II cryoglobulinemia reported fatigue, pain in her ankles, and recurrent crops of superficial vasculitic lesions on her legs. She had no evidence of renal involvement. Antibodies to HCV and HCV RNA were detectable in serum, and serum aminotransferase concentrations were elevated. Panel A shows the medial aspect of the patient's lower leg; the arrow indicates an area of palpable purpura approximately 2 cm by 3 cm. Panel B shows the patient's uncentrifuged serum after 48 hours at 4 degrees . . .
The effects of large negative intrathoracic pressure on left ventricular function in patients with coronary artery disease.
Authors: S M Scharf, J A Bianco, D E Tow, R Brown
Journal: Circulation (1981)

Using first-pass radionuclide ventriculography, we evaluated the effects of decreases in intrathoracic pressure (Mueller maneuver [M] to -20 to -30 cm H2O) in 14 patients with five patients without coronary artery disease (CAD) and in 12 normal control subjects. In the patients with CAD, control ejection fraction was 0.53 +/- 0.06 (SEM) and control heart rate was 83 +/- 6 beats/min. These did not change during M. In the patients with CAD, control ejection fraction was 0.37 +/- 0.03 and heart rate was 82 +/- 7 beats/min. During M, heart rate did not change, but ejection fraction decreased to 0.33 +/- 0.33 (p less than 0.01). Examination of regional wall motion abnormalities showed akinesis of at least one myocardial segment in nine of 14 patients with CAD, but in none of the patients without CAD, nor in any of the 12 previously studied normal subjects (retrospectively analyzed). These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the Mueller maneuver acts to increase afterload placed on the left ventricle. Furthermore, in patients with CAD, the Mueller maneuver may have induced localized myocardial ischemia or unmasked areas of preexisting marginal function.
The Programmed Physical Examination With or Without a Computer
Authors: Irving F. Kanner
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Using a variation of the technique previously developed to obtain the patient's medical history with a programmed medical history (PMH), we have developed a practical and economical method of recording the results of the physical examination. The programmed physical examination, like the PMH, can be used in any physician's office without special equipment. The physician completes a paper-and-pencil questionnaire containing 1,753 questions. Since branching techniques are employed, the physician need only enter the vital signs and answer 16 questions for a patient with no abnormal findings. Completion time for the physician is less than five minutes, in fact, when used for a well patient, less than 30 seconds. An easily read printout of all the physical findings, arranged in traditional format, is made by the secretary in about ten minutes.
Tension pneumoperitoneum following endoscopic submucosal dissection of leiomyoma of the cardia
Authors: S. Siboni, D. Bona, E. Abate, L. Bonavina
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

A 39-year-old woman underwent video esophagography with barium because of persistent heartburn and regurgitation. A smooth defect with eccentric contours, about 2 × 3 cm in size, was found at the esophagogastric junction. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy confirmed the presence of a soft, polypoid, submucosal mass surrounding the cardia. Endoscopic ultrasonography showed a hypoechogenic, C-shaped lesion originating from the muscularis propria, with a fine echotexture consistent with leiomyoma. No biopsy was taken. The patient was considered a good candidate for endoscopic submucosal resection. The procedure was performed under general anesthesia with the patient in the supine position. A standard 9-mm endoscope with a soft transparent hood attached to its tip was advanced through an overtube into the stomach and then retroflexed. Enucleation was carried out after submucosal injection of 10 mL of diluted epinephrine using an insulated tip diathermic electrosurgical knife (IT-Knife 2; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) at 100 W and a hook knife (Olympus Optical, Tokyo, Japan) at 60 W. The dissection started along the lower border of the lesion and then extended circumferentially. Once the submucosal layer was reached, the tumor was gradually dissected away from the muscular layer and removed with an endoscopic bag. En bloc resection was achieved and the mucosal margins were sutured using three endoscopic clips. The procedure lasted 170 minutes. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of leiomyoma.
A NORMAL CORONARY ANGIOGRAM AFTER 40 YEARS OF AGE IS ASSOCIATED WITH VERY LOW RATES OF REVASCULARIZATION, MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND PROGRESSION TO OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE DURING 6.5 YEARS OF FOLLOW-UP
Authors: George A Stouffer, Maheswara Satya Gangadhara Rao Golla, Timir Paul, Siddhartha Rao, Chris Wiesen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Bone Tumors
Authors: Henry J. Mankin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

THE late William Dock, M.D., was reported to have advised medical students that "the most important thing to remember about rare diseases is that they are rare," and certainly such a statement is applicable to bone tumors. A comprehensive survey of the Swedish population for the years 1958 to 1968 showed a yearly incidence for osteosarcoma (the most common malignant tumor of bone) of 2.83 cases per million people.1 For chondrosarcoma, the incidence was 2.26 cases, for Ewing's tumor 0.87 and for giant-cell tumor of bone 0.39 cases per million. If one extrapolates these data to the United States, it . . .
Similarity of Symptomatology of Premenstrual Syndrome and Toxaemia of Pregnancy and Their Response to Progesterone
Authors: K. Dalton
Journal: BMJ (1954)

A case is described of chronic pyelonephritis in which urinary potassium loss resulting in periodic hypokalaemic paralysis dominated the clinical picture.It was estimated by balance data that there was a deficiency of about 1,500 mEq of potassium, amounting to 40% of the total normal body potassium.The differential diag- nosis betwen hypokalaemic paralysis of the familial type and that secondary to a renal defect is discussed.No explanation is given for the differential effects of chronic pyelonephritis on renal tubular function.Thanks are expressed to Dr. R. J. Porter, who first diagnosed the case and arranged transfer to Hammersmith Hospital for balance studies; and to Dr. A. G. Macgregor for the out-patient data.We are indebted to Dr. R. I. S. Bayliss for determination of plasma 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and to Dr. C. L. Cope for determination of compounds E and F in the urine.Mrs. Walwyn-Jones
Abstract 4170: Mutation and chemosensitivity profiling of 18 human melanoma cell lines
Authors: Gerhard Kelter, Rebekka Krumbach, Armin Maier, Torsten Giesemann, Vincent Vuaroqueaux, Frédéric Foucault, Thomas Metz, Heinz-Herbert Fiebig
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Malignant melanomas account for a substantial proportion of cancers worldwide and are largely resistant to conventional therapy. The heterogeneity and the invasiveness of melanomas present notable challenges for anti-cancer treatment. Recently, several mutations in RAF, RAS, and PTEN were identified that allow for prognosis of cancer development and progression. Therefore, inhibitors of the RAF-MEK-ERK pathway form attractive candidates for molecular-based targeted treatment of melanoma cancer. Here, we present the molecular characterization and chemosensitivity profiling of 18 human melanoma cell lines. Eight of these were established by Oncotest from human tumor xenografts originally derived from primary patient material. The molecular profiling included mutational analysis for BRAF, PIK3CA, KRAS, NRAS, TP53, and PTEN by sequencing. The chemosensitivity profiles were determined in vitro using a fluorescence-based cytotoxicity assay and included commonly used chemotherapeutic agents for treatment of melanoma, targeted agents (sorafenib and bortezomib) and various BRAF (PLX-4032, PLX-4720, GDC-0879) and MEK (CI-1040, PD0325901) inhibitors. The clinically relevant BRAF V600E substitution was the most prevalent mutation and was found in more than 50% of the melanoma cell lines. The chemosensitivity profiling revealed diverse patterns of selectivity and potency with mean IC50 values between 0.4 nM (vinblastine) and 8.3 µM (carboplatin). Each of the BRAF inhibitors tested was clearly more active in melanoma cell lines carrying a BRAF mutation. On average, IC50 values of BRAF inhibitors were more than 20-fold lower for the BRAF V600E mutated cell lines compared to the wild type cell lines. However, the BRAF mutated cell line MEXF 462NL was resistant towards BRAF inhibitors and it is warranted to compare its gene expression profile and mutational status with BRAF mutated cell lines responding to BRAF inhibitors. By using an ex vivo clonogenic assay, similar activity patterns for BRAF inhibitors were found, with mutated BRAF tumor xenografts showing markedly higher sensitivity. Potential synergistic activity of BRAF inhibitors with other inhibitors of the RAF-MEK-ERK pathway or with standard chemotherapeutic agents will be presented. The mutational status of selected cancer related genes, as well as responsiveness towards many cytotoxic and targeted agents was analyzed for 18 melanoma cell lines. This extensive genotypic and phenotypic characterization makes this melanoma cell line panel a valuable tool for in vitro profiling of novel compounds, in particular inhibitors of the RAF-MEK-ERK pathway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4170. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4170
Controlled Trial of Treatment for Cerebral Concussion
Authors: M. Relander, H. Troupp, G. af Bjorkesten
Journal: BMJ (1972)

In a study designed to compare two types of treatment of cerebral concussion, 178 patients were allocated to a routine treatment or to an active treatment group; in the latter a good prognosis was emphasized, the patient was mobilized early and given physiotherapy. In the routine treatment group the average time off work was 32 days compared with 18 days in the active treatment group. Physiotherapy seemed to be particularly valuable in old patients and in those with exaggerated fears about their condition. It is suggested that throughout their illness and follow-up, patients with cerebral concussion should be under the care of one doctor, one who is particularly interested in the subject and that more propaganda is needed
Malignant Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in a Bantu woman with a prolonged remission after gastric radiotherapy
Authors: S. Bank, I. N. Marks, R. Sealy, J. H. Louw, W. Silber
Journal: Gut (1965)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS A striking remission of symptoms is recorded following radiotherapy directed to the stomach in a case of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.It is suggested that previous failure with this method may have resulted from insufficient dosage.The histological similarity of carcinoid and pancreatic ulcerogenic tumours and their differential diagnosis is discussed.4.4 g. %, serum globulin 2-0 g. %, serum bilirubin 04 mg.%, and the prothrombin index 100%.Blood transfusion and intensive ulcer therapy was 279
THE MEDICAL LAW OF NEW JERSEY.
Authors: E. L. B. GODFREY
Journal: JAMA (1898)

To comprehend the causes which led to the enactment of the present medical law of New Jersey, and the establishment of the State Board of Medical Examiners, it is necessary to review briefly the history of medical legislation in New Jersey and its effects upon the profession of the State. The Medical Society of New Jersey was organized in 1766, on a voluntary basis, without incorporation or charter. In 1772, the Society secured from the Colonial Assembly the passage of "An Act to Regulate the Practice of Physic and Surgery within the Colony of New Jersey," which provided... ''that no person whatsoever shall practice as a Physician or Surgeon, within the Colony of New Jersey, before he shall have first been examined in Physie or Surgery, approved of, and admitted by any two of the Judges of the Supreme Court, for the time being, taking to their Assistance for such
Bill Would Require Law-Breaking Drug Companies to Help Fund Research
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
C-RAF Mutations Confer Resistance to RAF Inhibitors
Authors: Rajee Antony, Caroline M. Emery, Allison M. Sawyer, Levi A. Garraway
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Melanomas that contain B-RAF(V600E) mutations respond transiently to RAF and MEK inhibitors; however, resistance to these agents remains a formidable challenge. Although B- or C-RAF dysregulation represents prominent resistance mechanisms, resistance-associated point mutations in RAF oncoproteins are surprisingly rare. To gain insights herein, we conducted random mutagenesis screens to identify B- or C-RAF mutations that confer resistance to RAF inhibitors. Whereas bona fide B-RAF(V600E) resistance alleles were rarely observed, we identified multiple C-RAF mutations that produced biochemical and pharmacologic resistance. Potent C-RAF resistance alleles localized to a 14-3-3 consensus binding site or a separate site within the P loop. These mutations elicited paradoxical upregulation of RAF kinase activity in a dimerization-dependent manner following exposure to RAF inhibitors. Knowledge of resistance-associated C-RAF mutations may enhance biochemical understanding of RAF-dependent signaling, anticipate clinical resistance to novel RAF inhibitors, and guide the design of "next-generation" inhibitors for deployment in RAF- or RAS-driven malignancies.
PRIMARY TREATMENT OF CERVICAL CARCINOMA WITH "KREBIOZEN"
Authors: Herbert E. Schmitz
Journal: JAMA (1952)

The following case report constitutes one of a series in which varied malignant growths were treated with krebiozen to evaluate the effect of the drug. Since the drug allegedly had been standardized in vivo on the basis of beneficial influence on an untreated mammary carcinoma, it was felt that an untreated, relatively early, cervical malignant growth would offer a unique opportunity to observe any regression produced by the medicament alone.  REPORT OF A CASE  Mrs. A. J., a white woman, 56, was admitted to Mercy Hospital Institute of Radiation Therapy on June 5, 1951, complaining of vaginal discharge and bleeding since October, 1950. She had had an uneventful menopause in 1947 and had been in good health until the onset of her present symptoms. Her previous medical and surgical history was noncontributory. She had been delivered uneventfully of her only pregnancy 35 years previously.  Her initial physical examination findings were
The mathematics of symmetry does not provide an appropriate model for the human understanding of elementary motions
Authors: John R. Pani
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Shepard's article presents an impressive application of the mathematics of symmetry to the understanding of motion. However, there are basic psychological phenomena that the model does not handle well. These include the importance of the orientations of rotational motions to salient reference systems for the understanding of the motions. An alternative model of the understanding of rotations is sketched. [Shepard]
Methadone is trialled in Afghanistan to try to counter "exponential surge" in heroin use
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The first trial of methadone among 71 drug users in Afghanistan has increased the general and mental health of patients, reduced criminal activity, and greatly improved social integration, doctors from the medical charity Doctors of the World told an international harm reduction conference in Beirut last week.

The charity has warned that “Afghanistan is on the verge of a significant HIV/AIDS epidemic.” Three decades of armed conflict, millions of displaced, poor socioeconomic indicators, and wide availability of opium have caused a “dramatic increase” in domestic drug use.

Today, the country produces 90% of the world’s opium supply and the changing drug use pattern has seen injection of heroin …
Transforming growth factor-β1 is a new form of tumor suppressor with true haploid insufficiency
Authors: Binwu Tang, Erwin P. Böttinger, Sonia B. Jakowlew, Kerri M. Bagnall, Jennifer Mariano, Miriam R. Anver, John J. Letterio, Lalage M. Wakefield
Journal: Nature Medicine (1998)
Derivation and Validation of a Prognostic Model for Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Drahomir Aujesky, D. Scott Obrosky, Roslyn A. Stone, Thomas E. Auble, Arnaud Perrier, Jacques Cornuz, Pierre-Marie Roy, Michael J. Fine
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

An objective and simple prognostic model for patients with pulmonary embolism could be helpful in guiding initial intensity of treatment.To develop a clinical prediction rule that accurately classifies patients with pulmonary embolism into categories of increasing risk of mortality and other adverse medical outcomes.We randomly allocated 15,531 inpatient discharges with pulmonary embolism from 186 Pennsylvania hospitals to derivation (67%) and internal validation (33%) samples. We derived our prediction rule using logistic regression with 30-day mortality as the primary outcome, and patient demographic and clinical data routinely available at presentation as potential predictor variables. We externally validated the rule in 221 inpatients with pulmonary embolism from Switzerland and France.We compared mortality and nonfatal adverse medical outcomes across the derivation and two validation samples.The prediction rule is based on 11 simple patient characteristics that were independently associated with mortality and stratifies patients with pulmonary embolism into five severity classes, with 30-day mortality rates of 0-1.6% in class I, 1.7-3.5% in class II, 3.2-7.1% in class III, 4.0-11.4% in class IV, and 10.0-24.5% in class V across the derivation and validation samples. Inpatient death and nonfatal complications were <or= 1.1% among patients in class I and <or= 1.9% among patients in class II.Our rule accurately classifies patients with pulmonary embolism into classes of increasing risk of mortality and other adverse medical outcomes. Further validation of the rule is important before its implementation as a decision aid to guide the initial management of patients with pulmonary embolism.