tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Crystallin genes: lens specificity of the murine alpha A-crystallin gene.
Authors: A B Chepelinsky, J S Khillan, K A Mahon, P A Overbeek, H Westphal, J Piatigorsky
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

The abundant soluble proteins of the eye lens, the crystallins, are encoded by several gene families which are developmentally regulated in the embryonic lens. We have studied the expression of the murine alpha A-crystallin gene. Transfection experiments using the pSVO-CAT vector and explanted lens epithelia from embryonic chickens demonstrated proximal (-88 to -60) and distal (-111 to -85) regulatory sequences which interact when the alpha A-crystallin promoter is activated in the lens cells. Transgenic mouse experiments showed that the sequence between positions -366 to +46 of the alpha A-crystallin promoter can drive foreign genes selectively in the lens. A fusion gene consisting of this alpha A-crystallin promoter sequence and the T-antigen gene of SV40 produced a lens tumor in transgenic mice. Thus, crystallin promoters provide a useful model for tissue-specific gene expression and permit targeting the expression of foreign genes to a highly differentiated tissue during development.
Teaching in an ambulatory care setting
Authors: C. Sprake, P. Cantillon, J. Metcalf, J. Spencer
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Four third-year medical students are coming to the clinic for half a day a week. They have just finished their basic clinical skills training and the aim of their attendance is to further develop their history taking and examination skills in the maelstrom of clinical practice. What organisational issues do you need to consider?
The significance of vertical mitosis in epidermis
Authors: WILLIAM S. BULLOUGH, EDUARDO N. MITRANI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1978)

In normal epidermis mitosis usually occurs in a plane horizontal to the dermo-epidermal junction, both daughter cells then remaining basal while an adjacent non-mitotic cell is detached from the baseline and forced distally. The evidence now indicates that only cells in a certain intermitotic state, called GIb, can be thus detached, and that when such cells are not locally available the expanding mitosis is forced into the vertical axis. The higher the mitotic rate the shorter is the intermitotic interval, and therefore the less probable it becomes that GIb cells will be locally available for extrusion and the more probable that mitosis will take place vertically. At the highest mitotic rates, as in hair bulbs, all mitoses are vertical. The relation of these findings to epidermal structure and to epidermal cellular homeostasis is discussed.
Edit a staff round.
Authors: R Winter
Journal: BMJ (1991)

In terms of throughput as measured by bed use waiting lists may be a more efficient way of admitting patients to hospital than a booked admissions system.But this ignores the costs of uncertainty borne by patients.These uncertainty costs may outweigh the costs of lost throughput and are anyway inconsistent with a consumer oriented health service where explicit decisions are to be made concerning the true intention to treat.Surgeons are clearly interested in the extension of booking systems despite past failures and present frustration.They are also very explicit about the facilities required to make booked admissions practicable.These facilities are those that permit elective surgery to be protected from the demands ofemergency and urgent cases.These predictable barriers have to be removed if any policy for introducing booking systems as a norm is to be successful.We thank the consultant surgeons of the South Western region for their help in completing the questionnaires and Mrs Fiona Braddon for her help in analysing the responses.
Response to Vermorken et al ‐ curcumin and free light chains
Authors: T. Golombick, T. Diamond, A. Manoharan, R. Ramakrishna
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Response to Vermorken et al - Curcumin and free light chains We thank Vermorken et al. for their interesting comments. As suggested by Hutchison and Landgren [1], the relationship between chronic inflammation and cancer is well established, although not fully understood. Measurement of inflammatory cytokines provides clinicians with a valuable tool to use across a number of clinical settings. These authors hypothesize that measuring polyclonal free light chains (FLCs) in the serum might gain new insight into the activity of the adaptive immune system potentially allowing FLC measurement to serve as a novel clinically relevant biomarker. c-reactive protein (CRP), measured as a marker of inflammation, reflects only the activity of the innate immune system. Vermoken et al. have suggested that absolute levels of FLCs rather than their ratio may be potential biomarkers of immune stimulation and inflammation [2]. Currently, only one commercial assay is available for the measurement of serum FLCs. The assay, Freelite, consists of two assays—one to measure K FLC's and the other to measure L FLC's. One of these measures is an assessment of monoclonal FLCs [involved FLC (iFLC)] and the other is an assessment of polyclonal FLC's [uninvolved FLC (uiFLC)]. In our study [3], FLC was monitored as a marker of response to curcumin. Curcumin has been known for centuries in India as an anti-inflammatory agent and it is possible to speculate that the observed response to curcumin might be associated with an anti-inflammatory effect. We are, unfortunately, not in possession of data on IL-6, CRP, or erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR); however, we can elaborate on the findings of the uiFLC response. From Table VII (a and b—see Supporting Information on line material), it can be seen that in patients who had an abnormal ratio at baseline (Table VIIa), at both the 4g and 8g dose of curcumin, all three markers of FLC response (i.e., rFLC, dFLC, and iFLC) decreased. However, the uiFLC increased in response to curcumin at both doses with this increase reaching significance at 8g. This data is suggestive of a decrease in the number/activity of abnormal monoclonal secreting cells and a concomitant increase in the normal polyclonal secreting cells/activity. Patients with a normal ratio at baseline (Table VIIb) show a smaller response in all measured parameters (except the iFLC at 8g) at both doses. From these findings, it can perhaps be suggested that patients with an abnormal ratio at baseline may be the subgroup who could benefit from curcumin treatment. Terry Golombick* , Terrence Diamond* , Arumugam Manoharan* , Raj Ramakrishna* , * Department of Endocrinology, St George Hospital, Sydney, Australia, Southern Sydney Haematology, Kogarah, Sydney.
Winter Temperature Inversions and Emergency Department Visits for Asthma in Salt Lake County, Utah, 2003–2008
Authors: John D. Beard, Celeste Beck, Randall Graham, Steven C. Packham, Monica Traphagan, Rebecca T. Giles, John G. Morgan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Winter temperature inversions-layers of air in which temperature increases with altitude-trap air pollutants and lead to higher pollutant concentrations. Previous studies have evaluated associations between pollutants and emergency department (ED) visits for asthma, but none have considered inversions as independent risk factors for ED visits for asthma.
A Novel Cause of Ga-67 Localization Subclinical Myopathy after Conventional Exercise
Authors: E. D. SANDLER, D. S. URI, M. T. PARISI, R. S. HATTNER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1992)

A 23-year-old woman with Hodgkins lymphoma in remission underwent routine clinical restaging, including a Ga-67 scan obtained 48 hours after injection. The authors found marked Ga-67 localization in the major muscle groups of the patient's lower extremities that had not been present in a Ga-67 scan performed 3 years earlier. The patient had participated in vigorous aerobic exercise 24 hours before the Ga-67 was injected. Although the patient felt somewhat stiff and tender, there was no myoglobinuria or renal failure to suggest rhabdomyoly-sis. Myopathic Ga-67 localization was previously reported after strenuous exercise in a patient with frank rhabdomyolysis associated with myoglobinuria and renal failure. This case seems to extend the spectrum of myopathic Ga-67 localization to typical athletically active adults without clinical or biochemical evidence of rhabdomyolysis.
Hypertension in Diabetes
Authors: Eugene Foldes
Journal: JAMA (1967)

To the Editor:—  According to Pell and D'Alonzo ( 202 :10, 1967) hypertension is significantly more frequent among diabetics than non-diabetics. They find a decreased prevalence of hypertension among those who receive high doses of insulin and assume that one is dealing with an insulin effect. Another possibility is that it is not at all the insulin which is responsible for the decreased prevalence of hypertension but rather the condition for which high doses of insulin are usually given, namely hyperglycemia and glycosuria. Both hyperglycemia and glycosuria can lower the blood pressure. I reported ( Amer J Med  3 :145, 1947) that in hypertensive diabetics there is in general an inverse relationship between blood sugar and blood pressure so that the blood pressure drops when the blood sugar increases. In hyperglycemia the blood pressure may be relatively low because the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (one of the effects of which
A STUDY OF PROPRIETARY MEDICINE ADVERTISEMENTS.
Authors: ROBERT HESSLER
Journal: JAMA (1905)

In a previous paper<sup>2</sup>I called attention to the most prevalent names of diseases, ailments, and symptoms found in the advertisements of patent medicines in the newspapers, and to their significance. Since then I have traced the subject through a number of medical journals and I now desire to give a few notes on the subject. If we take a broad view of the matter we will find no abrupt transition between the advertisements of patent medicines in the newspapers and those of proprietary remedies in the medical journals. Although the extremes are marked, yet they shade off into each other, in fact they overlap. Some newspapers have a higher standard than some so-called medical journals; there is less quackery. Lately we have heard much of medical journals decrying advertisements of patent medicines in the newspapers and yet they make no attempt to purge their own ranks. If we say the public is gullible and is induced to buy worthless patent medicines
Clonal evolution and clinical correlates of somatic mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Pontus Lundberg, Axel Karow, Ronny Nienhold, Renate Looser, Hui Hao-Shen, Ina Nissen, Sabine Girsberger, Thomas Lehmann, Jakob Passweg, Martin Stern, Christian Beisel, Robert Kralovics, Radek C. Skoda
Journal: Blood (2014)
TCT-74 Carotid Lesion Length Effect on Routine Doppler Velocities Used to Determine Carotid Stenosis Cross-Sectional Severity: Intravascular Ultrasound-Validated Analysis in the CARUS Study of 300 Consecutive Patients Referred for Potential Carotid Revascularization
Authors: Wladyslaw Dabrowski, Piotr Musialek, Lukasz Tekieli, Anna Kablak-Ziembicka, Piotr Pieniazek, Karolina Dzierwa, Mariusz Trystula, Tadeusz Przewlocki, Wieslawa Tracz, Krzysztof F. Zmudka, Piotr Podolec
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Suspected Urinary Leak in a Renal Transplant Patient With Unusual Collecting System Anatomy
Authors: Peter D.V. Hughes, James D. Westcott, Robert Gibson, David M.A. Francis, Gavin J. Becker, Shlomo J. Cohney, Nathan Better
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

A 36-year-old man with a history of end-stage renal failure secondary to reflux nephropathy who underwent renal transplantation 18 years earlier presented with acute abdominal pain. He underwent a laparotomy and had a Hartmann's procedure for a ruptured sigmoid diverticulum. Postoperatively his renal function deteriorated, with the serum creatinine level increasing from 0.35 to 0.50 mmol/L. A Tc-99m mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) renal scan was performed and a urinary leak was initially suspected. However, after correlation with ultrasound and prior surgical notes, this was found to be the result of an unusual collecting system anatomy. The patient's creatinine level gradually returned to baseline. The initial increase in creatinine was attributed to acute tubular injury after the surgery.
Erythropoietin protects cardiomyocytes from apoptosis via up-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase
Authors: D BURGER, M LEI, N GEOGHEGANMORPHET, X LU, A XENOCOSTAS, Q FENG
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2006)

Erythropoietin (EPO), a cytokine best known for its ability to increase red blood cell mass, has recently been shown to protect cardiomyocytes from apoptotic cell death. The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the anti-apoptotic effects of EPO in cardiomyocytes.Neonatal mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes were isolated and cultured from wild-type and eNOS(-/-) mice. Treatment with EPO significantly reduced apoptosis induced by norepinephrine (NE) in the wild-type cardiomyocytes. The reduction of apoptosis was associated with significant increases in eNOS expression, phosphorylation and NO production. However, the anti-apoptotic effects of EPO were significantly decreased in wild-type cardiomyocytes treated with L-NAME, which inhibits nitric oxide synthase activity. The results were further confirmed using eNOS(-/-) cardiomyocytes. To investigate the in vivo significance of eNOS in mediating the anti-apoptotic effects of EPO, wild-type and eNOS(-/-) mice were subjected to myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. EPO decreased myocardial apoptosis and infarct size in wild-type mice. However, the protective effects of EPO were significantly diminished in eNOS(-/-) mice.EPO increases eNOS expression and NO production in cardiomyocytes. The anti-apoptotic effects of EPO in cardiomyocytes are mediated by eNOS-derived NO production.
Variation in Estimated Ozone-Related Health Impacts of Climate Change due to Modeling Choices and Assumptions
Authors: Ellen S. Post, Anne Grambsch, Chris Weaver, Philip Morefield, Jin Huang, Lai-Yung Leung, Christopher G. Nolte, Peter Adams, Xin-Zhong Liang, Jin-Hong Zhu, Hardee Mahoney
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Future climate change may cause air quality degradation via climate-induced changes in meteorology, atmospheric chemistry, and emissions into the air. Few studies have explicitly modeled the potential relationships between climate change, air quality, and human health, and fewer still have investigated the sensitivity of estimates to the underlying modeling choices.Our goal was to assess the sensitivity of estimated ozone-related human health impacts of climate change to key modeling choices.Our analysis included seven modeling systems in which a climate change model is linked to an air quality model, five population projections, and multiple concentration-response functions. Using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program (BenMAP), we estimated future ozone (O(3))-related health effects in the United States attributable to simulated climate change between the years 2000 and approximately 2050, given each combination of modeling choices. Health effects and concentration-response functions were chosen to match those used in the U.S. EPA's 2008 Regulatory Impact Analysis of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for O(3).Different combinations of methodological choices produced a range of estimates of national O(3)-related mortality from roughly 600 deaths avoided as a result of climate change to 2,500 deaths attributable to climate change (although the large majority produced increases in mortality). The choice of the climate change and the air quality model reflected the greatest source of uncertainty, with the other modeling choices having lesser but still substantial effects.Our results highlight the need to use an ensemble approach, instead of relying on any one set of modeling choices, to assess the potential risks associated with O(3)-related human health effects resulting from climate change.
Introduction to Psychoanalysis: Contemporary Theory and Practice
Authors: J G Reddan
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Anthony Bateman, Jeremy Holmes Routledge, pounds sterling12.99, pp 289 ISBN 0 415 10739 3

Introduction to Psychoanalysis attempts to fill a gap in the market for a source of reference about psychoanalysis, and it is particularly useful for those beginning a study of the subject. It examines the contributions made by various schools of thought and follows them in a historical context. The first part of the book deals with the theory of psychoanalysis and the second part …
Ethics of Mandatory Research Biopsy for Correlative End Points Within Clinical Trials in Oncology
Authors: Jeffrey Peppercorn, Iuliana Shapira, Deborah Collyar, Teresa Deshields, Nancy Lin, Ian Krop, Hans Grunwald, Paula Friedman, Ann H. Partridge, Richard L. Schilsky, Monica M. Bertagnolli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)

Clinical investigators in oncology are increasingly interested in using molecular analysis of cancer tissue to understand the biologic bases of response or resistance to novel interventions and to develop prognostic and predictive biomarkers that will guide clinical decision making. Some scientific questions of this nature can only be addressed, or may best be addressed, through the conduct of a clinical trial in which research biopsies are obtained from all participants. However, trial designs with mandatory research biopsies have raised ethical concerns related to the risk of harm to participants, the adequacy of voluntary informed consent, and the potential for misunderstanding among research participants when access to an experimental intervention is linked to the requirement to undergo a research biopsy. In consideration of the ethical and scientific issues at stake in this debate, the Cancer and Leukemia Group B Ethics Committee proposes guidelines for clinical trials involving mandatory research biopsies. Any cancer clinical trial that requires research biopsies of participants must be well designed to address the scientific question, obtain the biopsy in a way that minimizes risk, and ensure that research participants are fully informed of the risks, rationale, and requirements of the study, as well as of treatment alternatives. Further guidelines and discussions of this issue are specified in this position paper. We feel that if these principles are respected, an informed adult with cancer can both understand and voluntarily consent to participation in a clinical trial involving mandatory research biopsy for scientific end points.
Coffee Intake and Serum Lipids in Men
Authors: Paul J. Rosch
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> With respect to the article on coffee intake and elevated cholesterol levels,<sup>1</sup>the authors should be commended for attempting to rule out stress or stressful behavioral traits as a confounding factor. While the techniques used examine such common components of this conundrum as hostility, anxiety, depression, and coronary-prone behavior, with state-of-the-art approaches, it is still difficult to define stress to a scientist's satisfaction, much less quantify it. Association never proves causation. Hypertension and cigarette smoking are also linked with coronary heart disease, but removing these risk factors has no significant influence in preventing recurrent heart attacks, as evidenced by the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial and other studies. Hypertension, smoking, elevated cholesterol levels, eating rich foods, and coffee drinking may all be associated with stress or type A behavior. In contrast to the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial findings, reducing stressful type A coronary-prone behavior has
Conditional Survival After Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer: Evidence for a Patient Changing Risk Profile over Time
Authors: Guillaume Ploussard, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Alice Dragomir, Luis A. Kluth, Evanguelos Xylinas, Alexandra Masson-Lecomte, Malte Rieken, Michael Rink, Kazumasa Matsumoto, Eiji Kikuchi, Tobias Klatte, Stephen A. Boorjian, Yair Lotan, Florian Roghmann, Adrian S. Fairey, Yves Fradet, Peter C. Black, Ricardo Rendon, Jonathan Izawa, Wassim Kassouf
Journal: European Urology (2013)
WHO's cancer chief resigns
Authors: P. Brown
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The chief of the World Health Organisation's cancer programme has resigned over disagreements about the way the UN agency is tackling the growing global burden of non-communicable diseases. Karol Sikora, a clinical oncologist at the Hammersmith Hospital, London, believes that a restructuring of work on non-communicable diseases at the WHO's Geneva headquarters will create a top heavy bureaucracy and weaken the credibility of the agency's advice to countries. The WHO, however, insists that the changes …
Caveats in anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery: Imaging of two aortic coronary connections does not exclude anomalous left coronary artery origin from the pulmonary artery
Authors: J.Geoffrey Stevenson, James W. French, Isamu Kawabori, Heidi Maeda, Stanley Stamm, Lore Tenckhoff, Mary Waiss, Sara Wright
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Assessment of Domestic Violence at the Scene of Domestic Assaults-Reply
Authors: Charles Williams
Journal: JAMA (1997)

The data presented by Dr Datner and colleagues reinforce previous studies that show that a crisis due to domestic violence can be a life-threatening event but often is not treated like one.<sup>1</sup>The emergency interventions that they studied, just like the ones that we observed, probably were carried out by police with minimal, if any, involvement by health care workers. Our observations have led us to conclude that a crisis due to domestic violence is as much a health emergency as it is a police emergency. Even though domestic violence typically is a chronic condition punctuated by intermittent crises, developing an effective acute response to the crises may be the first step to generating effective interventions and preventive strategies.<sup>2</sup>This certainly has been the case with other life—threatening conditions such as heart disease and depression. We have begun to explore novel interventions linked to 911 calls for