tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
And the band played on...
Authors: A. D Weeks
Journal: BMJ (1997)

A woman from Sierra Leone has a one in seven chance of dying as a direct result of pregnancy. In Britain it is one in 6000. It is the biggest health differential between rich and poor countries, estimated to kill 3000 women every day. Another 45 million women each year are thought to suffer permanent physical damage from childbirth leading to infertility, faecal and urinary incontinence, and hysterectomy.

In March I was one of 800 healthcare workers from 78 different countries in Morocco for the First World Congress on Maternal Mortality. The aim was to speak out on behalf of those trapped in poverty who suffer from these preventable problems. Death in pregnancy is not only closely related to the wealth of the country, but also to a woman's position in society. As one delegate put it “this problem does not affect the wives of the politicians in our country. They fly overseas for their antenatal care and delivery.”

Yet for all the good intentions of the conference organisers, there was a lack of comprehension of the real problems of the developing world and a seeming belief that problems …
Alterations in the myocardial creatine kinase system during chronic anaemic hypoxia
Authors: M. L Field, J. F Clark, C. Henderson, A.-M. L Seymour, G. K Radda
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Objective: The aim was to use a model of chronic anaemia in the rat, in which there is an increase in cardiac mitochondrial creatine kinase activity (mito-CK) per mitochondrion, to test the hypothesis that creatine stimulated respiration in saponin skinned fibres is correlated with mito-CK activity. In order to discuss the altered regulation of mitochondrial respiratory rate in the context of other metabolic alterations, steady state metabolite concentrations and maximum extracted activities of regulatory enzymes in glycolysis were also investigated. Methods: Weanling male Wistar Albino rats were randomly distributed into two experimental groups. One group received a powdered diet deficient in iron (5–7 mg iron·kg−1) while the second group was placed on a standard laboratory chow diet (109 mg iron·kg−1) for 4–8 weeks. Results: Total cardiac creatine kinase activity was unchanged in anaemic rats; however, a 25% increase in nascent or functional mito-CK activity per mitochondrion was detected [0.969(SEM 0.005), control group and 1.203(0.040), anaemic group, p<0.001]. The sensitivity of creatine (40 mM creatine, VCr) and ADP (0.1 mM ADP, V0.1) stimulated respiration, as a percentage of maximum respiratory rate (2.0 mM ADP, V2.0), was increased by 48% and 52% respectively in the anaemic skinned cardiac fibres. An increase in basal respiration with glutamate and malate as substrates was detected in the anaemic group compared to the control group, at 6.77(0.74) v 4.58(0.35) ng O·min−1·mg−1 dry weight (p< 0.025). Cytosolic ATP was decreased in isolated perfused hearts from anaemic animals, at 35.18(3.11) μmol·g−1 dry weight in control hearts versus 23.66(1.42) in anaemic hearts (p<0.01). A significant increase in myocardial glycolytic capacity was detected in anaemic cardiac tissue, as evidenced by a 20% increase in phosphofructokinase activity (p<0.01). Phosphorylase activity was unaltered in anaemic hearts, indicating that the increased glucose requirement originated from exogenous sources. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was increased by 30% in anaemic hearts (p< 0.001). The LDH isozyme profile was shifted in favour of lactate and NAD+ production, thus supporting anaerobic glycolysis. Conclusions: In support of the phosphocreatine circuit model, the increased mito-CK per mitochondrion in the anaemic skinned fibre preparation was associated with an increase in creatine stimulated respiration. In addition, the sensitivity of mitochondrial respiratory rate to ADP and the maximum glycolytic capacity were increased in anaemic fibres. Although the net effect of these changes in metabolic capacity and regulation on in vivo high energy phosphate flux is unknown, it is likely that they are adaptive alterations that compensate for the lower steady state cytosolic nucleotide concentration. Cardiovascular Research 1994;28:86-91
Minimizing risk associated with elderly liver donors by matching to preferred recipients
Authors: Dorry L. Segev, Warren R. Maley, Christopher E. Simpkins, Jayme E. Locke, Geoffrey C. Nguyen, Robert A. Montgomery, Paul J. Thuluvath
Journal: Hepatology (2007)

Elderly liver donors (ELDs) represent a possible expansion of the donor pool, although there is great reluctance to use ELDs because of reports that increasing donor age predicts graft loss and patient death. The goal of this study was to identify a subgroup of recipients who would be least affected by increased donor age and thus best suited to receive grafts from ELDs. A national registry of deceased donor liver transplants from 2002–2005 was analyzed. ELDs aged 70–92 (n = 1043) were compared with average liver donors (ALDs) aged 18–69 (n = 15,878) and ideal liver donors (ILDs) aged 18–39 (n = 6842). Recipient factors that modified the effect of donor age on outcomes were identified via interaction term analysis. Outcomes in recipient subgroups were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Recipients preferred for ELD transplants were determined to be first-time recipients over the age of 45 with body mass index &lt;35, non–status 1 registration, cold ischemic time &lt;8 hours, and either hepatocellular carcinoma or an indication for transplantation other than hepatitis C. In preferred recipients, there were no differences in outcomes when ELD livers were used (3-year graft survival: ELD 75%, ALD 75%, ILD 77%, P &gt; 0.1; 3-year patient survival: ELD 81%, ALD 80%, ILD 81%, P &gt; 0.1). In contrast, there were significantly worse outcomes when ELD livers were used in nonpreferred recipients (3-year graft survival: ELD 50%, ALD 71%, ILD 75%, P &lt; 0.001; 3-year patient survival: ELD 64%, ALD 77%, ILD 80%, P &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: The risks of ELDs can be substantially minimized by appropriate recipient selection. (Hepatology 2007.)
Treatment of Hypertension with Reserpine,with Reserpine in Combination with Pentapyrrolidinium,and with Reserpine in Combination with Veratrum Alkaloids
Authors: A. E. DOYLE, E. G. MCQUEEN, F. H. SMIRK
Journal: Circulation (1955)

The treatment of hypertension with reserpine is described. When used alone it produced adequatefalls of blood pressure in ten out of forty patients. The combination of reserpine with veratrum did not increase the hypotensive effects of reserpine alone. The combination of reserpine with pentapyrrolidinium increases the effectiveness of the pentapyrrolidinium and lessens its parasympathetic side effects. The combination of reserpine and pentapyrrolidinium is regarded as the best therapeutic regime for severe hypertension. Some mild cases of hypertension may be managed with reserpine alone.
Israel rules on medical confidentiality
Authors: J. Siegel-Itzkovich
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Israel rules on medical confidentiality 'Te Israeli health ministry has issued guide- lines to all the country's health workers detailing how to ensure confidentiality of medical information about their patients.The rules form the backbone of a government sponsored bill of hospital patients' rights, which is due to be passed by the Knesset (Israel's parliament).The guidelines were prepared by the health ministry's director general, Dr Meir Oren, who sent the document to all public and private hospitals and clinics.Previously, principles were open to interpretation by health workers and patients alike.Punish- ment for violating confidentiality did not refer specifically to health workers but to all public employees.The new law will contain punishments for violators, including prison sentences and loss of professional licences.
Paroxysmal Ventricular Tachycardia with Rate-Dependent Coupling Intervals
Authors: LEO SCHAMROTH, ALBERTO DOLARA
Journal: Circulation (1967)

A case of repetitive ventricular tachycardia is reported in which the duration of the coupling interval of the first ectopic beat of each paroxysm is related to the duration of the preceding R-R interval. Long coupling intervals are preceded by relatively long R-R intervals, and vice versa. The postulate is presented that this phenomenon may be due to varying conduction times of the extrasystolic impulse through the ectopic-ventricular junction.
Cancer Incidence among Pesticide Applicators Exposed to Permethrin in the Agricultural Health Study
Authors: Jennifer A. Rusiecki, Rahulkumar Patel, Stella Koutros, Laura Beane-Freeman, Ola Landgren, Matthew R. Bonner, Joseph Coble, Jay Lubin, Aaron Blair, Jane A. Hoppin, Michael C.R. Alavanja
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

BackgroundPermethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide widely used in agriculture, in public health, and in many U.S. homes and gardens.ObjectiveIn this study we evaluated the incidence of cancer among pesticide applicators exposed to permethrin in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS).MethodsA total of 49,093 pesticide applicators were included in this analysis of the AHS, a prospective cohort study of licensed pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina. Detailed information on pesticide exposure and lifestyle factors was obtained from self-administered questionnaires completed in 1993–1997. Average length of follow-up since applicator enrollment in the cohort was 9.14 years. We used two permethrin exposure metrics: a) lifetime days applicators personally mixed or applied permethrin and b) intensity-weighted lifetime days (lifetime days weighted by estimated intensity of exposure). We used Poisson regression analysis to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for malignancies by tertiles of exposure.ResultsWe found no associations between permethrin and all malignant neoplasms combined, or between permethrin and melanoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, leukemia, or cancers of the colon, rectum, lung, or prostate. We found elevated and statistically significant risks for multiple myeloma in the highest tertiles of both lifetime exposure-days (RR = 5.72; 95% CI, 2.76–11.87) and intensity-weighted lifetime exposure-days (RR = 5.01; 95% CI, 2.41–10.42), compared with applicators reporting they never used permethrin; these results are based on only 15 exposed cases. These findings were similar across a variety of alternative exposure metrics, exposure categories, and reference groups.ConclusionsThis study found no association with most cancers analyzed. Although the suggested association with multiple myeloma was based on a small number of cases, it warrants further evaluation.
Safety and Efficacy of Alteplase for Restoring Function in Occluded Central Venous Catheters: Results of the Cardiovascular Thrombolytic to Open Occluded Lines Trial
Authors: S. R. Deitcher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of alteplase (TPA) for restoring function to occluded central venous catheters (CVCs). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study design was a phase III, open-label, single-arm multicenter trial. Subjects with occluded, nondialysis CVCs were enrolled. All subjects received a 2-mg dose of TPA within the dysfunctional catheter lumen that was allowed to dwell for 30 to 120 minutes. Functionality was tested at 30 and 120 minutes. If the CVC remained obstructed at 120 minutes, a second 2-mg TPA dose was allowed to dwell for 30 to 120 minutes. The primary safety end point was the rate of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) within 5 days of treatment, and serious adverse events were recorded up to 30 days. RESULTS: Nine hundred ninety-five patients received treatment (female, 562; male, 433; mean age, 50.7 years; range, 2 to 91 years). CVCs treated were as follows: single (26%), double (39%), or triple (6%) lumen catheters or ports (29%). The primary end point was 0% ICH within 5 days. There were no cases of death, major bleeding episodes, or embolic events attributable to treatment. Flow was successfully restored in 52% and 78% of CVCs at 30 and 120 minutes after one dose, and 84% and 87% at 30 and 120 minutes after a second dose, respectively. Restoration of flow was 86%, 93%, 90%, and 79%, for single, double, and triple lumen catheters and ports, respectively. Estimated 30-day catheter patency was 74%. CONCLUSION: A regimen of up to two 2-mg doses of TPA is safe and effective for the restoration of flow to occluded central venous catheters.
Transplantation and Tracking of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in a Pig Model of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Christian Templin, Robert Zweigerdt, Kristin Schwanke, Ruth Olmer, Jelena-Rima Ghadri, Maximilian Y. Emmert, Ennio Müller, Silke M. Küest, Susan Cohrs, Roger Schibli, Peter Kronen, Monika Hilbe, Andreas Reinisch, Dirk Strunk, Axel Haverich, Simon Hoerstrup, Thomas F. Lüscher, Philipp A. Kaufmann, Ulf Landmesser, Ulrich Martin
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Evaluation of novel cellular therapies in large-animal models and patients is currently hampered by the lack of imaging approaches that allow for long-term monitoring of viable transplanted cells. In this study, sodium iodide symporter (NIS) transgene imaging was evaluated as an approach to follow in vivo survival, engraftment, and distribution of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) derivatives in a pig model of myocardial infarction.Transgenic hiPSC lines stably expressing a fluorescent reporter and NIS (NIS(pos)-hiPSCs) were established. Iodide uptake, efflux, and viability of NIS(pos)-hiPSCs were assessed in vitro. Ten (±2) days after induction of myocardial infarction by transient occlusion of the left anterior descending artery, catheter-based intramyocardial injection of NIS(pos)-hiPSCs guided by 3-dimensional NOGA mapping was performed. Dual-isotope single photon emission computed tomographic/computed tomographic imaging was applied with the use of (123)I to follow donor cell survival and distribution and with the use of (99m)TC-tetrofosmin for perfusion imaging. In vitro, iodide uptake in NIS(pos)-hiPSCs was increased 100-fold above that of nontransgenic controls. In vivo, viable NIS(pos)-hiPSCs could be visualized for up to 15 weeks. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that hiPSC-derived endothelial cells contributed to vascularization. Up to 12 to 15 weeks after transplantation, no teratomas were detected.This study describes for the first time the feasibility of repeated long-term in vivo imaging of viability and tissue distribution of cellular grafts in large animals. Moreover, this is the first report demonstrating vascular differentiation and long-term engraftment of hiPSCs in a large-animal model of myocardial infarction. NIS(pos)-hiPSCs represent a valuable tool to monitor and improve current cellular treatment strategies in clinically relevant animal models.
Fractures, vols 1 &amp;amp; 2
Authors: Reginald R. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1992)

The multiple authors of this text, now well established as "the classic on fractures," constitute a<i>Who's Who</i>of musculoskeletal trauma. As might be expected, their superb chapters have been well integrated by the editors, now numbering three with the addition of Dr Bucholz. This ranks as a must book for those engaged in the management of trauma. Perhaps the title should be changed to "Musculoskeletal Trauma," since excellent chapters deal with soft tissues, systemic response to trauma, complications, dislocations, biomechanics, and so forth. The constant and rapidly evolving ideas about appropriate management of the injured patient mandated an expanded third edition. All sections have been revised to align them with modern methods of care. The opening sections, "Principles of Fractures" and "Dislocations," should be mandatory reading for all orthopedic residents and those orthopedists who manage fractures, as should the second chapter, "Biology of Musculoskeletal Injury and Repair." An understanding
OPTIC NERVE TROUBLES ACCOMPANYING OR FOLLOWING FEVERS, ESPECIALLY TYPHOID FEVER.Read in the Section on Ophthalmology, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: JOSEPH A. WHITE
Journal: JAMA (1893)

I must apologize in advance for  paper I here present to this section, but I do so because I want to awaken a discussion on a subject in which I am deeply interested, and may thus be a poor means of obtaining a good result, on  somewhat equivocal ground that the end justifies  means. In my experience I have met with many cases of optic nerve atrophy that followed so closely on typhoid and other fevers, that there is every probability they were  result of  pathological conditions attending these diseases. Whether they commenced as optic neuritis, which could be ophthalmoscopically demonstrated, or whether they followed on postocular alterations in  optic nerve without ophthalmoscopic symptoms could not be determined. But in all probability there was neuritis, or compression with or without papillitis, followed by atrophy.  We all know how difficult it is to settle a
What Is Gestational Diabetes?
Authors: Thomas A. Buchanan, Anny Xiang, Siri L. Kjos, Richard Watanabe
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. As such, GDM is the product of routine glucose tolerance screening that is currently carried out in otherwise healthy individuals. Like other forms of hyperglycemia, GDM is characterized by pancreatic β-cell function that is insufficient to meet the body's insulin needs. Available evidence suggests that β-cell defects in GDM result from the same spectrum of causes that underlie hyperglycemia in general, including autoimmune disease, monogenic causes, and insulin resistance. Thus, GDM often represents diabetes in evolution and, as such, holds great potential as a condition in which to study the pathogenesis of diabetes and to develop and test strategies for diabetes prevention.

The clinical detection of GDM is accomplished in different ways in different countries. In general, the approaches apply one or more of the following procedures: 1 ) clinical risk assessment, 2 ) glucose tolerance screening, and 3 ) formal glucose tolerance testing. The procedures are applied to pregnant women not already known to have diabetes. Controversies regarding the optimal methods for detecting GDM are beyond the scope of this article. The relevant point is that the screening for GDM is the only standard medical practice that applies screening for glucose intolerance to otherwise healthy individuals. Regardless of the glucose thresholds that are used to diagnose GDM, the patients are relatively young individuals whose glucose levels are in the upper end of the population distribution during pregnancy. A small minority of those women have glucose levels that would be diagnostic of diabetes outside of pregnancy. The large majority have lower glucose levels when they are diagnosed with GDM, but they are at high risk for developing diabetes after pregnancy. Together, patients with GDM offer an important opportunity to study the evolution of diabetes and to develop, …
Heterogeneity of anterograde fast-pathway and retrograde slow-pathway conduction patterns in patients with the fast–slow form of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia: electrophysiologic and electrocardiographic considerations
Authors: Hiroko Nawata, Naohito Yamamoto, Kenzo Hirao, Nobuyuki Miyasaka, Tokuhiro Kawara, Kazumasa Hiejima, Tomoo Harada, Fumio Suzuki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
TCT-597 Acute Delivery and Long Term Retention of Sirolimus Nanoparticles Using a Novel Porous Angioplasty Balloon in the Porcine Coronary Model
Authors: Armando Tellez, Piotr Buszman, Maxwell Afari, Taylor Palmieri, Yanping Cheng, William Rate, Samantha Stone, Gerard Conditt, Yen-Fang Keng, Brendan Bingham, William Baumbach, Darren Sherman, Greg Kaluza, Juan Granada
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-I is associated with plasma leptin irrespective of body mass index, body fat mass, and plasma insulin and metabolic parameters in premenopausal women
Authors: Vito De Mitrio, Giovanni De Pergola, Roberto Vettor, Renato Marino, Marcello Sciaraffia, Claudio Pagano, Francesco Antonio Scaraggi, Luigi Di Lorenzo, Riccardo Giorgino
Journal: Metabolism (1999)
Is It Time for Physicians to Focus on the Public Health Threat of Gun Violence?
Authors: E. Lee Murray
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2013)

Letters4 June 2013Is It Time for Physicians to Focus on the Public Health Threat of Gun Violence?E. Lee Murray, MDE. Lee Murray, MDFrom West Tennessee Neuroscience, Jackson, Tennessee.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-158-11-201306040-00022 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read Dr. Laine and the editors' editorial (1) with great interest; however, I was disappointed that a well-respected scientific journal is taking a polarizing stand on such a divisive political issue—gun control. Although the recent massacres have torn the hearts of people across the country and around the world, they are not reasons to push physicians to participate in gun control.One argument made in the editorial is that reducing the number of guns will lead to a decline in murder and suicide rates. Although common sense and reasoning would seem to validate this argument, it ...References1. Laine C, Taichman DB, Mulrow C, Berkwits M, Cotton D, Williams SV. A resolution for physicians: time to focus on the public health threat of gun violence. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158:493-4. [PMID: 23277894] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Kates DB, Mauser G. Would banning firearms reduce murder and suicide? A review of international and some domestic evidence. Harv J Law Public Policy. 2007;30:649-94. Google Scholar3. What's in Obama's gun control proposal. New York Times. 16 January 2013. Accessed at www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/01/16/us/obama-gun-control-proposal.html?_r=0 on 14 April 2013. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From West Tennessee Neuroscience, Jackson, Tennessee.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoA Resolution for Physicians: Time to Focus on the Public Health Threat of Gun Violence Christine Laine , Darren B. Taichman , Cynthia Mulrow , Michael Berkwits , Deborah Cotton , and Sankey V. Williams Is It Time for Physicians to Focus on the Public Health Threat of Gun Violence? Melvin E. Belding Is It Time for Physicians to Focus on the Public Health Threat of Gun Violence? James F. Bush Is It Time for Physicians to Focus on the Public Health Threat of Gun Violence? Jeffrey Johnson Is It Time for Physicians to Focus on the Public Health Threat of Gun Violence? E. Michael Lewiecki Metrics 4 June 2013Volume 158, Issue 11Page: 852KeywordsCrimeEvidence based medicineFearFirearm injuriesHeartHomicidePrevention, policy, and public healthReasoningSuicideViolent crime ePublished: 4 June 2013 Issue Published: 4 June 2013 CopyrightCopyright © 2013 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
PPUD syndrome (post PLAB unemployed doctor's syndrome)
Authors: Surinder Sareen
Journal: BMJ (2006)

employers often are reluctant to employ patients with IBS because of their reputation for absenteeism. Quality of lifeGiven the severity and range of symptoms in some patients with IBS, that quality of life is eroded is not surprising.Quality of life can be measured with a questionnaire such as the 36 item short form; such an approach has shown that patients with IBS who attend hospital clinics have worse quality of life than those with chronic renal disease or diabetes. ConclusionIBS is an extremely challenging condition to manage.Effective treatment involves understanding the whole situation and tailoring the treatment to the individual.It is difficult, but not impossible, to offer at least some help to most patients with the condition.