tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Virus reactivations and serology patterns following first-line therapy with alemtuzumab or fludarabine-based combination therapy in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: C Karlsson, H Dahl, J Lundin, E Rossmann, M Brytting, H Mellstedt, A Linde, A Österborg
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2011)

Alemtuzumab (Campath, MabCampath) is a monoclonal antibody targeting the CD52 antigen. Recent guidelines recommend that this agent should be considered as first-line treatment in selected patients, in particular, those with 17p deletion.1
Alexithymia and the Psychomaintenance of Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Jerald F. Dirks, Shawn K. Robinson, Debra L. Dirks
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1981)

A total of 579 adult and adolescent asthmatic patients were assessed for alexithymia while inpatients. Subsequent rehospitalization data was collected 6 months after discharge. Analyses revealed that alexithymia was related both to rehospitalization (yes-no) and to the number of days rehospitalized. These findings were seen to reinforce the concept of alexithymia as a psychomaintenance variable.
Epinephrine in Dental Anesthesia
Authors: Norton M. Ross
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In response to a query, Dr. A. J. Miller (<b>199</b>:953, 1967) responded correctly that, indeed, small amounts of epinephrine in the solution results in a "more prompt, longer acting, and stronger..." anesthetic action. We agree that, especially in patients with coronary disease, the dentist should be careful to prevent pain. To this end, the American Heart Association,<sup>1</sup>the American Dental Association,<sup>2</sup>the American Dental Society of Anesthesiology,<sup>3</sup>and the Public Health Service,<sup>4</sup>have all emphasized that the minute amounts of epinephrine commonly employed in local anesthetic preparations (1: 100,000) is negligible compared to the endogenous epinephrine which might be released should pain be felt. It is quite true, therefore, that it is more important that the dental procedure be painless than that harmless amounts of epinephrine be avoided. However, Dr. Miller was not correct in stating that "lidocaine without an added vasoconstrictor
Abstract 2353: Fibulin-3, an extracellular matrix protein, regulates Notch signaling and promotes brain tumor cell invasion and survival
Authors: Bin Hu, Paula A. Agudelo, Joshua C. Saldivar, Hosung Sim, Claire E. Dolan, Maria E. Mora, Gerard J. Nuovo, Susan E. Cole, Mariano S. Viapiano
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Malignant gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors and have extremely poor prognosis. Glioma cell infiltrate into normal neural tissue, escaping conventional chemo-radiotherapy and making tumor relapse almost unavoidable. We have recently characterized a novel extracellular matrix (ECM) protein named fibulin-3, which is highly expressed in gliomas but is absent in normal brain and rarely expressed in other solid tumors. We demonstrated that fibulin-3 regulates the expression of metalloproteases and promotes glioma cell invasion. In addition, this ECM protein increases the resistance of glioma cells to pro-apoptotic treatments, including starvation, oxidative stress and treatment with temozolomide. To further understand the mechanisms of fibulin-3 in gliomas, we investigated several candidate pathways but found no activation of EGFR, MAPK or Akt signaling. Interestingly, fibulin-3 bears significant homology with the Notch ligands from the Delta-like family, which prompted us to study the possible activation of this pathway, which is a critical anti-apoptotic pathway in cancer cells. Surprisingly, we found that fibulin-3 increased cleavage of endogenous Notch-1 in glioma cells as well as activation of a Notch-dependent reporter. In agreement, fibulin-3 expression regulated the levels of the Notch effector Hes-1 both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the pro-invasive effect of fibulin-3 in glioma cells was inhibited by pharmacological inhibition of Notch signaling or knockdown of Notch-1. This is potentially a novel mechanism by which tumor-associated ECM molecules can activate Notch signaling and modulate this key pro-tumoral pathway in gliomas. These results underscore the potential of fibulin-3 as a glioma-specific target in the tumor microenvironment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2353. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2353
Constitutive androstane receptor mediates the induction of drug metabolism in mouse models of type 1 diabetes
Authors: Bingning Dong, Mohammed Qatanani, David D. Moore
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Untreated type 1 diabetes increases hepatic drug metabolism in both human patients and rodent models. We used knockout mice to test the role of the nuclear xenobiotic receptors constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and pregnane and xenobiotic receptor (PXR) in this process. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes resulted in increased expression of drug metabolizing cytochrome P450s and also increased the clearance of the cytochrome P450 substrate zoxazolamine. This induction was completely absent in Car(-/-) mice, but was not affected by the loss of PXR. Among the many effects of diabetes on the liver, we identified bile acid elevation and activated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase as potential CAR-activating stimuli. Expression of the CAR coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC)-1alpha was also increased in mouse models of type 1 diabetes.The CAR-dependent induction of drug metabolism in newly diagnosed or poorly managed type 1 diabetes has the potential for significant impact on the efficacy or toxicity of therapeutic agents.
Foreign Material as a Cause of Choledocholithiasis
Authors: None Procházka, None Krausová, None Kod'ousek, None Zámečníková
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

The pathogenesis of gallstone formation in the biliary duct remains unknown. However, numerous factors associated with their origin appear to be of importance. With regard to the formation of concretions in the biliary duct, there are adequate findings concerning the effects of benign or malignant strictures, of bacterial infection and parasites, and of metabolic changes and dietary habits, as well as those of anatomical conditions in the bilioduodenal region [[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]]. However, there are only sporadic reports about foreign material as a cause of lithiasis [[7] [8] [9]].
Response of the clinically uninvolved skin of psoriatic patients to repeated tape stripping during cyclosporin A treatment
Authors: M.J.P. GERRITSEN, H.F.C. RULO, W.P. ARNOLD, P. C. M. KERKHOF
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

It is well established that cyclosporin A (CyA), a widely used immunosuppressant in human organ transplantation, is an effective drug in the treatment of psoriasis. Although it has been postulated that the effect of CyA in psoriasis is mediated through antilymphocyte activity, there is also evidence suggesting that CyA exerts a direct cytostatic effect on epidermal keratinocytes, but results of studies relating to the latter have been contradictory. Using immunohistochemical methods we investigated the influence of systemic CyA on proliferation and differentiation in the tape-stripped uninvolved skin of psoriatic patients, a model which provides the opportunity of studying epidermal regeneration in the absence of a significant accumulation of T lymphocytes. We addressed the question of whether CyA (3-5 mg/kg/day) modulates epidermal proliferation and differentiation following standardized injury in uninvolved skin of psoriatic patients. Ten patients with severe psoriasis participated in this study. The dosages of CyA were sufficient to induce a marked and statistically significant improvement (PASI, week 0, 20.5 +/- 4.4; PASI, week 16, 4.3 +/- 0.6). Before CyA treatment, and during week 16 of treatment, Sellotape stripping was carried out on a 2-cm2 area of the uninvolved skin of psoriatic patients. After 48 h punch biopsies were taken. Immunohistochemical assessment of recruitment of cycling cells (Ki-67), filaggrin, involucrin, T lymphocytes and tenascin, was carried out. We did not find any significant alteration during the treatment period in the tape-stripped uninvolved skin of psoriatic patients. We conclude that epidermal hyperproliferation and abnormal keratinization are not modulated directly by CyA at therapeutic doses in vivo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Daily Aspirin Use and Prostate Cancer–Specific Mortality in a Large Cohort of Men with Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Eric J. Jacobs, Christina C. Newton, Victoria L. Stevens, Peter T. Campbell, Stephen J. Freedland, Susan M. Gapstur
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

In a recent analysis of a large clinical database, postdiagnosis aspirin use was associated with 57% lower prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) among men diagnosed with nonmetastatic prostate cancer. However, information on this association remains limited. We assessed the association between daily aspirin use and PCSM in a large prospective cohort.This analysis included men diagnosed with nonmetastatic prostate cancer between enrollment in the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort in 1992 or 1993 and June 2009. Aspirin use was reported at enrollment, in 1997, and every 2 years thereafter. During follow-up through 2010, there were 441 prostate cancer deaths among 8,427 prostate cancer cases with information on prediagnosis aspirin use and 301 prostate cancer deaths among 7,118 prostate cancer cases with information on postdiagnosis aspirin use.Compared with no aspirin use, neither prediagnosis nor postdiagnosis daily aspirin use were statistically significantly associated with PCSM (prediagnosis use, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.92, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.17, postdiagnosis use, HR = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.29). However, among men diagnosed with high-risk cancers (≥ T3 and/or Gleason score ≥ 8), postdiagnosis daily aspirin use was associated with lower PCSM (HR = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.37 to 0.97), with no clear difference by dose (low-dose, typically 81 mg per day, HR = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.92, higher dose, HR = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.40 to 1.34).A randomized trial of aspirin among men diagnosed with nonmetastatic prostate cancer was recently funded. Our results suggest any additional randomized trials addressing this question should prioritize enrolling men with high-risk cancers and need not use high doses.
Abstract 16646: The Novel Hydrogen Sulfide Donor Diallyl Trisulfide Protects Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibition of Mitochondrial Respiration
Authors: Benjamin Predmore, Shashi Bhushan, Juan Pablo Aragon, Bennette Grinsfelder, Adrienne King, John Calvert, Marah Condit, David Lefer
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is enzymatically produced in the body, and has a range of cardioprotective effects including: anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic actions, and inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. However, because of its volatile and reactive nature, H2S remains a challenge to administer therapeutically. In this study we investigate the novel, stable H2S donor diallyl trisulfide (DATS) in an in vivo murine model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury, as well as on mitochondrial respiration in isolated murine mitochondria. Mice (C57BL6/J, 8-10 wk old) were subjected to 45 minutes of myocardial ischemia followed by reperfusion for 24 hr. DATS or vehicle was administered just prior to reperfusion. At 24 hr of reperfusion, infarction per area-at-risk (INF/AAR) was evaluated with Evan's Blue dye and 2,3,5-tetrazolium chloride staining and serum was collected for Troponin-I measurement with a commercial kit. Cardiac mitochondria were isolated from a separate group of mice and State 3 respiration was determined in the presence or absence of DATS. H2S release from DATS was determined using a polarographic H2S electrode. DATS (200 µg/kg) reduced the INF/AAR by 61% (p&lt;0.001 vs. Vehicle). DATS also reduced circulating troponin-I levels from 43.58±5.7 ng/mL to 16.38±5.0 ng/mL (p=0.003 vs. Vehicle). Application of DATS to isolated mitochondria resulted in a release of H2S at a rate of 0.91+/-0.19 pmol/min. Mitochondrial State 3 respiration significantly decreased 70% by the addition of 200 µM DATS (p&lt;0.001 vs. Control). Taken together, these data demonstrate that DATS is an effective H2S donor, which significantly reduces infarct size following MI/R injury, potentially by inhibition of mitochondrial respiration.
Ultrasound guided synovial biopsy using portal and forceps
Authors: J M Koski
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

To describe a new method for taking a synovial biopsy specimen under ultrasound guidance using portal and forceps.Percutaneous ultrasound guided biopsy was performed for 37 patients with mono- or polyarthritis as outpatients. A portal to a planned area was built using a needle, guiding wire, and dilators, through which forceps could be inserted and samples taken. Biopsy samples were taken from small and large joints, bursae, and tendon sheaths.Representative synovial tissue in adequate amounts for histopathological evaluation was obtained in 33/37 cases--a success rate of 89%. The biopsy procedures were well tolerated, but one complication of skin infection was encountered.The new method of synovium biopsy under ultrasound guidance using sheath introducer set and flexible forceps can be performed on most joints and even bursae and tendon sheaths. The method gives sufficient samples for clinical work in most cases, but further work is needed before accepting this promising technique for scientific purposes.
Measurement of renal blood flow using contrast-enhanced ultrasound in patients with renal artery stenosis
Authors: Se-Joong Rim, Jeong-Ah Ahn, Hyun-Joo Kim, Han-Cheol Lee, Young-Sup Byun, Geu-Ru Hong, Seok-Min Kang, Donghoon Choi, Yangsoo Jang, Namsik Chung
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Severe Diarrhea in Pneumococcal Bacteremia
Authors: Manuel L. Fernández-Guerrero
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Del Rio and McGowan<sup>1</sup>recently reported the case of a 54-year-old woman with apparent hyposplenia in whom pneumococcal bacteremia developed and who had severe profuse diarrhea as the main symptom. Al-though this association has been recognized since Osler's time,<sup>2</sup>the pathogenesis of the enteric disorder associated with pneumococcal septicemia remains almost entirely unknown. We suggest that invasion of the intestinal wall and mesenteric lymph nodes by<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>is the leading cause of diarrhea in such patients. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 5-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital because of fever and severe diarrhea. Two years before, a splenectomy had been performed elsewhere because of rupture of the spleen after a vehicle accident. A few hours before admission, fever and profuse diarrhea developed, with bowel movements occurring almost every 90 minutes. At the time of examination, his temperature was 39°C; blood pressure, 60/40 mm
Clinical Concepts of Infectious Diseases
Authors: W. Lee Fanning
Journal: JAMA (1984)

This book is not a major contribution for infectious disease physicians, academicians, or internists. It may be of benefit to medical students as a general introduction to infectious diseases, but the subjects are treated too superficially to be helpful with the problem patient. For example, viral hepatitis is discussed in six pages and with no mention of its high incidence in homosexuals or the new hepatitis B vaccine. The chapter on endocarditis has only seven pages, and there is very little on coagulase-negative staphylococcal infections, the use of rifampin and vancomycin hydrochloride for resistant staphylococci, or the teichoic acid antibody test in diagnosis and follow-up. The chapters on the dermatologic and hematologic manifestations of infectious disease should be eliminated in any new edition in place of a more complete treatment of the other subjects. The dermatologic chapter does not contain one picture, which we know are worth 1,000 words apiece.
Effectiveness of adalimumab in treating patients with active psoriatic arthritis and predictors of good clinical responses for arthritis, skin and nail lesions
Authors: F Van den Bosch, B Manger, P Goupille, N McHugh, E Rødevand, P Holck, R F van Vollenhoven, M Leirisalo-Repo, O FitzGerald, M Kron, M Frank, S Kary, H Kupper
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of adalimumab in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and identify predictors of good clinical response for joint and skin lesions. Methods: Patients received adalimumab 40 mg every other week in addition to standard therapy in this prospective, 12-week, open-label, uncontrolled study. Four definitions of good clinical response were used: ⩾50% improvement in American College of Rheumatology response criteria (ACR50), good response according to European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) guidelines, a ⩾3-grade improvement in Physician Global Assessment of psoriasis (PGA) and a ⩾50% improvement in the Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI). Response predictors were determined by logistic regression with backward elimination (selection level was 5%). Results: Of 442 patients, 94% completed 12 weeks of treatment. At week 12, 74%, 51% and 32% of the patients had achieved ACR20, 50 and 70, respectively; 87% and 61% experienced moderate and good responses according to EULAR criteria, respectively. The percentage of patients with PGA results of “clear/almost clear” increased from 34% (baseline) to 68%. The mean NAPSI score was reduced by 44%. No new safety signals were detected. A lower Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) score, greater pain assessment, male sex and absence of systemic glucocorticoid therapy were strongly associated with achievement of ACR50 and good response according to EULAR criteria. In addition, greater C-reactive protein concentration and polyarthritis predicted ACR50, and non-involvement of large joints predicted a good response according to EULAR criteria. Conclusions: Adalimumab was effective in patients with PsA. Lower impairment of physical function, greater pain, male sex and no systemic treatment with glucocorticoids were factors that increased the chance of achieving a good clinical response.
POSTOPERATIVE LUNG COMPLICATIONS
Authors: ISABELLA C. HERB
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Scientific investigation and clinical experience agree in demonstrating that the causes which underlie the production of postoperative lung complications are manifold, and the best means of obviating them is still a desideratum.Clinical reports indicate that lung complications most frequently follow abdominal operations, especially stomach, gallbladder (upper abdominal) and pelvic work, with carcinoma of the stomach furnishing the largest mortality.A review of the records of lung complications fol- lowing operations performed in the Presbyterian Hos- pital of Chicago was prompted by a desire to establish, if possible, the r\l=o^\lewhich the anesthesia played in their causation.Does the anesthetic contribute to the result?Does one anesthetic contribute to it more than another?Pathologic reports indicate that the anesthetic stands rather as one member of a group of agents which in general produce a similar clinical picture; nevertheless, the anesthetic should be carefully selected and judiciously administered. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONSIn dealing with the process of infection through the upper respiratory tract, we have to reckon with the organisms usually inhabiting the mouth, throat and nose {Staphylococcus albus and oureus, diphtheroids, pneumococci and occasionally influenza bacilli and streptococci), colonizing in the lung epithelium.Conditions that might predispose to or influence such a contingency are general feebleness, especially in the aged, or lack of resistance in the individual, combined with a concentrated ether vapor, which is capable of destroying the protective epithelium, making coloniza¬ tion possible.That ether is likely to produce respira¬ tory complications is questionable, particularly when a good anesthetic ether has been used and properly administered.The dreaded "mucus inundation," so frequently discussed by English authors, is certainly not witnessed in a properly conducted open administra¬ tion.A too concentrated vapor during induction is responsible for the large majority of such accom¬ paniments.Pulmonary lesions found after experi¬ mental etherization 1 can be satisfactorily accounted for Chairman's address, read before the meeting on anesthesia in the Section
Advanced Prostate Cancer Risk in Relation to Toenail Selenium Levels
Authors: Milan S. Geybels, Bas A.J. Verhage, Frederik J. van Schooten, R. Alexandra Goldbohm, Piet A. van den Brandt
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2013)

Selenium may prevent advanced prostate cancer (PCa), but most studies on this topic were conducted in populations with moderate to high selenium status. We investigated the association of toenail selenium, reflecting long-term selenium exposure, and advanced PCa risk in a population from the Netherlands where low selenium status is widespread. The analysis was conducted in the prospective Netherlands Cohort Study, which included 58 279 men aged 55 to 69 years at baseline in 1986. All cohort members completed a baseline questionnaire, and approximately 79% of participants provided toenail clippings, which were used for toenail selenium measurements using instrumental neutron activation analysis. Incident advanced PCa case subjects from the entire cohort were identified during 17.3 years of follow-up. The study employed a case–cohort design for which a random subcohort was sampled at baseline. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. All tests were two-sided. Complete toenail selenium data were available for 898 advanced (International Union Against Cancer stage III/IV) PCa case subjects and 1176 subcohort members. The average toenail selenium concentration of subcohort members was 0.550 µg/g. Toenail selenium was associated with a reduced risk of advanced PCa; adjusted hazard ratio for the highest vs lowest quintile was 0.37 (95% CI = 0.27 to 0.51; Ptrend < .001). For stage IV PCa, men in the highest vs lowest quintile of toenail selenium had an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.30 (95% CI = 0.21 to 0.45; Ptrend < .001). Toenail selenium was associated with a substantial decrease in risk of advanced PCa.
'Burning Hands' in Football Spinal Cord Injuries
Authors: Joseph C. Maroon
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Central spinal cord injury in two high school football players caused only complaints of burning paresthesias and dysesthesias in the hands at the time of injury. Strength was affected only in the upper extremities where it was slightly reduced. Failure to recognize the relationship of "burning hands" as a symptom of cord injury can result in injudicious management of unstable cervical fracture dislocations with disastrous consequences. (<i>JAMA</i>238:2049-2051, 1977)
Normal pregnancy in a patient with a postpartum factor VIII inhibitor
Authors: V. Vicente, I. Alberca, R. Gonzalez, A. Alegre
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1987)

Abstract A patient who had developed a VIII:C IgG‐Kappa antibody after her first delivery became pregnant for a second time. At that time the titer of the inhibitor had increased fourfold, remaining at high levels throughout the rest of the pregnancy. The neonate exhibited an inhibitor with characteristics identical to that of the mother which could not be detected 3 months after birth. No hemorrhagic complications in either of the subjects were observed.