tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE INDICATIONS AND CONTRA-INDICATIONS FOR THE USE OF THE CURETTE IN OBSTETRIC PRACTICE.
Authors: HENRY D. FRY
Journal: JAMA (1901)

The curette is a valuable instrument, in the hands of the obstetrician as well as the gynecologist. The indications and contra-indications for its employment are less understood in the practice of the former than of the latter, and much harm has resulted from its indiscriminate use. In the earlier days of antiseptic midwifery puerperal fever was fought by active intra-uterine treatment, curettage and irrigation, without selection of cases. Even to-day, too little attention is paid to a consideration of the subject, and while the curette is valuable in one class of these cases, it is equally injurious in another. The object of this paper is to bring out the experiences of the members of the Section; to break away from the old routine custom of using the instrument, and to point out clearly in what class of cases to use, and in what class to discard, the instrument. We must
SUPPRESSION OF ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS IN RATS BY MEANS OF ANTIBRAIN SERUM
Authors: Philip Y. Paterson, S. Martin Harwin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

Rats regularly develop evidence of allergic encephalomyelitis (AE) 2 to 3 weeks following sensitization to nervous tissue plus adjuvant. Independent of the severity of AE which occurs, gradual recovery is the rule and by the 6th to 9th week after sensitization rats appear clinically well and microscopic lesions of AE have virtually disappeared. Pooled serum collected from rats 3 or 6 weeks after sensitization contains complement-fixing (CF) antibrain antibodies. Such pooled serum exerts a striking suppressive influence on development of AE when passively administered to rats actively sensitized to nervous tissue. Serum pools which contain CF antibrain antibody suppress the disease. Serum pools lacking CF antibody do not suppress the disease. Serum containing CF antibrain antibody after treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol no longer fixes complement with brain antigen in vitro and no longer suppresses AE in vivo. The data suggest that transfer of protection against AE by passively administered antibrain rat serum is due to an antibrain antibody, possibly the CF antibodies. The meaning of these findings is discussed in terms of the role(s) of circulating antibrain antibody in the pathogenesis of AE.
THE EPIGLOTTIC SUTURE: ITS VALUE IN INDIRECT LARYNGOSCOPY
Authors: C. Horsford
Journal: BMJ (1913)

4. A. H., aged 45.Signs definite; tubercle bacilli present.I.IL.Ir IV.V.51 per cent. 39per cent. 8per cent. 2 per cent. 0per cent.Death took place in four days after the count had been taken.5. J. G., aged 28.Patient ill; signs definite.I.IT.III.IV.V.6 per cent.34 per cent.16 per cent. 4per cent. 0per cent.Death in ten days after the count.6. B. J. G., aged 15.Signs definite and ischio-rectal abscess present, tuberculous in origin.Count taken June 14th: I.II.MI.IV.l'. 33 per cent. 35per cent. 25per cent. 5per cent. 2 per cent.On September 8th patient appeareLl well.No temperature; abscess healed.Count gave: I. II.III.IV.V.12 per cent. 40per cent. 42per cent. 4per cent. 2 per cent.
Prevention of Traveler's Diarrhea (Emporiatric Enteritis)
Authors: Herbert L. DuPont, Peggy Sullivan, Dolores G. Evans, Larry K. Pickering, Doyle J. Evans, John J. Vollet, Charles D. Ericsson, Phillip B. Ackerman, Weilie S. Tjoa
Journal: JAMA (1980)

The efficacy of a daily dosage regimen of subsalicylate bismuth in preventing or reducing the severity of diarrhea among young healthy adults was evaluated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Diarrhea developed in 14 (23%) of 62 students receiving subsalicylate bismuth compared with 40 (61%) of 66 students taking a placebo. The protective effect of subsalicylate bismuth was apparent within a day or two of the study onset and became more obvious as the number of days at risk increased. The students treated with subsalicylate bismuth experienced fewer intestinal complaints and were less likely to pass soft or watery stools of any number. Once diarrhea occurred, enteropathogens were less commonly identified in stools of students receiving subsalicylate bismuth (33%) compared with placebo (71%). Subsalicylate bismuth was well tolerated by students during the 21-day trial.
The late prognostic value of acute scintigraphic measurement of myocardial infarction size.
Authors: J Perez-Gonzalez, E H Botvinick, R Dunn, S Rahimtoola, T Ports, K Chatterjee, W W Parmley
Journal: Circulation (1982)

Infarct, perfusion and blood pool scintigraphy were performed in 62 patients during hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction. The largest measured infarct or perfusion image defect and left ventricular ejection fraction were related to the late prognosis determined a mean of 16 months after the event. Breakpoint values for all scintigraphic variables could separate those who were asymptomatic on follow-up from those who died. The best indicators for selection of survivors and nonsurvivors were a scintigraphic infarct size greater than or equal to 25 cm2 and a perfusion abnormality greater than or equal to 35% of the projected left ventricular area. Among patients with perfusion abnormalities above this limit, 61% died; 93% of those with small perfusion abnormalities survived. Scintigraphic measurements of relative myocardial perfusion and function best separated patients asymptomatic on follow-up from those who developed heart failure and also best identified those with an unfavorable evolution, who developed heart failure or died. Early scintigraphic parameters appeared more accurate than other clinical laboratory indicators for determining late prognosis and could be important in planning treatment after acute infarction.
Assessing Prognosis in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Avenues to a More Complete Picture?
Authors: Steven M. Dubinett, David Elashoff, Matthew Meyerson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

overall 5-year survival rate of 15%, investigations are proceeding on multiple fronts to improve prognosis. Studies in prevention, early detection, risk assessment, surgical staging, and genetic and proteomic profiling are attempting to define new opportunities in lung cancer detection and therapy. The discovery of new targets and the application of targeted therapies are beginning to shape our understanding of the complex pathways that operate in this disease, leading to the development of pathogenesis-based therapies. 3 Numerous studies have focused attention on improving survival in early stage non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recently, cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy has been found to improve survival among patients with completely resected NSCLC. 4 This group of patients constitutes an important population for intervention, with as many as 200,000 individuals worldwide potentially eligible for adjuvant therapy each year. However, it has been suggested that NSCLC, particularly adenocarcinomas, can be considered to be a group of heterogeneous clinical disorders that share some molecular and cellular characteristics, but that have variable clinical behaviors and prognoses. 5,6 Can more sophisticated measures than histopathology alone be utilized to understand the heterogeneity that leads to these diverse clinical outcomes, and then to identify high-risk groups suitable for intervention? Prognostic assessments in the postsurgical patient population have been the focus of many investigations. 5 Two
PROGNOSTIC IMPLICATION OF THE MITRAL VALVE TENTING GEOMETRY IN PATIENTS WITH DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY: TRANSTHORACIC REAL-TIME 3D ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC STUDY
Authors: Reiko Toida, Nozomi Watanabe, Kikuko Obase, Yuki Yoshimura, Hiroyuki Masuyama, Takashi Fukunaga, Tomoko Fukuda, Tetsunori Ishikawa, Kazuo Kitamura, Kiyoshi Yoshida
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Three-day tetrahydrobiopterin therapy increases in vivo hepatic NOS activity and reduces portal pressure in CCl4 cirrhotic rats
Authors: Vasilica Matei, Aina Rodríguez-Vilarrupla, Ramon Deulofeu, Héctor García-Calderó, Mercedes Fernández, Jaime Bosch, Joan-Carles Garcia-Pagán
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
219. Development of a Polyethylene Glycol Gene Delivery Vehicle
Authors: Nicole M. Kohrt, Lauren E. Grabski, Shelly E. Sakiyama-Elbert
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

The overall objective of this project is to design a novel synthetic gene therapy vehicle with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) backbone and to use this vehicle to study the barriers to gene delivery. Current cationic polymer based synthetic vehicles, such as polyethyleneimine (PEI) and poly-L-lysine (PLL), are able to successfully condense DNA, but the efficacy of these vehicles in vitro is limited. Non-specific interactions result in low circulation half-lives and stabilities in the presence of physiological salt concentrations and serum proteins. Coupling PEG to the surface of cationic polymer vehicles has shown to improve their stability in the presence of salt and serum proteins, however the transfection efficiency of the vehicles decreased 2. We hypothesize that by using a PEG backbone modified with acrylate end groups 1 for coupling of various moieties, such as a DNA binding peptide (DBP) from the B-ZIP protein 3, we can overcome these limits. In this study, particle size, zeta potential, cytotoxicity, and transfection efficiency of PEG-based vehicles was compared with PEI and PLL-based vehicles.
TWO DOSAGES DABIGATRAN VERSUS WARFARIN IN PATIENTS WITH HIGH RISK OF STROKE AND EMBOLISM UNDERGOING ELECTRICAL CARDIOVERSION WITH PERSISTENT AND LONG-ACTING ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Authors: Oskars Kalejs, Olga Litunenko, Maija Vikmane, Sandis Sakne, Milana Zabunova, Aldis Strelnieks, Baiba Lurina, Iveta Sime, Marina Kovalova, Kaspars Kupics, Aivars Lejnieks, Andrejs Erglis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Selective decontamination in European intensive care patients
Authors: Evelien A. N. Oostdijk, Bastiaan H. J. Wittekamp, Christian Brun-Buisson, Marc J. M. Bonten
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2012)

Selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) is both one of the most studied and one of the most debated preventive measures for critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICUs) (see box). After the first trials in hematology patients in the 1970s [1, 2], the concept was introduced in ICU populations in the 1980s [3], and frequently studied in the following decade [4]. Various different regimens were studied, including strictly oropharyngeal decontamination [selective oropharyngeal decontamination (SOD)] (see box). At the turn of the century there were more than 50 randomized, though mostly small and single-center, trials and several meta-analyses. The summarized conclusions from these studies were that SDD was associated with reductions of respiratory tract infections in ICUs with low levels of antibiotic resistance, but that improvement of patient outcome (i.e., better ICU survival) could be demonstrated in meta-analyses only [5, 6].

Since that time, numbers of new SDD studies declined and this measure was not widely adopted in European ICUs, mainly because the evidence for better patient outcome was considered not convincing, and because of the unknown—possibly detrimental—effects of prophylactic antibiotic use on antibiotic resistance development. The Netherlands became the exception to this rule, due to two studies, both demonstrating survival benefits of patients receiving SDD [7, 8]. In both studies, SDD was used as a unit-wide intervention in ICUs with low prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and in both studies SDD was associated with lower, instead of higher, rates of antibiotic resistance. However, the absolute 28-day mortality reduction in the largest study was 3.5% (relative reduction was 13%) and only determinable in a random-effects logistic regression model with adjustment for baseline differences between study groups [8]. Moreover, in the latter study, SDD was equally effective in improving patient outcome as SOD.

The beneficial results of SDD and SOD obtained in Dutch ICUs raise the question of whether both measures could be equally beneficial in other European countries. Here, we address some methodological issues relevant to future attempts to quantify the effects of SDD or SOD in critically ill patients.
VICTORIAN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT DATA FOR INJURY SURVEILLANCE: HOW USEFUL IS IT?
Authors: S Gray, C Finch
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background The Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset is a database used by the Victorian Injury Surveillance Unit that includes injury presentations to all public Victorian emergency departments with a 24-hour service. Triage staff are required to input information on patients who have sustained an injury which includes activity, place, cause, nature of injury and affected body region, as well as a 250-character narrative outlining the circumstances of the injury. Data is collected in an often busy emergency department, thereby affecting the quality and detail of the data collected. Objective To determine the degree to which data collected by emergency department staff provides complete profiles of injury circumstances. Design Analysis of emergency department injury variables and case narratives, using injuries sustained in fitness facilities as a case study. Participants 1 979 de-identified injured persons who have presented to included Victorian emergency departments. Main outcome measurement To compare the narrative text descriptions of the injury events with the required coded injury variables to determine the level of agreement and the completeness of the injury surveillance data. Results The pre-specified variables were least complete for cause of injury and were coded as unspecified 51.9% of the time. Activity at time of injury was unspecified/miscoded (based on assessment of narrative) 24.2% of the time, whilst the location of the injury was unspecified or miscoded in 33.0% of cases. Nature of injury and body region had comparatively small proportions of unspecified variables (8.4% and 5.6% respectively). Inadequate information about the specific fitness activity associated with injury occurred in 18.6% of the narratives (e.g. providing no further information than “injured at gym”) or they omitted activity, place, cause, injury type or body region details. Conclusion For a full perspective on injury surveillance, neither the narrative nor the injury variables can be solely relied upon to provide details of the entire circumstances surrounding an injury.
The Potential Advantages of Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems in Chemotherapy of Tuberculosis
Authors: Svetlana Gelperina, Kevin Kisich, Michael D. Iseman, Leonid Heifets
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<DEFINITION AND BACKGROUNDORAL ADMINISTRATION OF NA...POTENTIAL FOR THE INHALAT...INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATIO...OTHER ROUTES OF ADMINISTR...CONCLUSIONSReferencesCITING ARTICLES
Serum Cholesterol and Death From Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: T. Gordon
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent issue of<i>JAMA</i>, it was reported that among the primary participants in the MRFIT<sup>1</sup>— men aged 35 to 57 years—CHD death rates were greater at higher serum cholesterol levels, the lowest CHD death rates being at levels less than 182 mg/dL (4.71 mmol/L). This finding is consistent with a large body of other data, has been reported elsewhere for the MRFIT, and is presumably featured in this issue of<i>JAMA</i>for its "educational" value. It is curious, however, that the authors of this article mentioned nothing of the finding of their own study with respect to causes other than CHD, a finding implicit in an article from the MRFIT published almost simultaneouslyin another journal.<sup>2</sup>From this article, the following six-year non-CHD death rates (per 1000) by quintile of serum cholesterol level for the MRFIT participants can be derived (Table).
Schnitzler's syndrome: diagnosis, treatment, and follow‐up
Authors: A. Simon, B. Asli, M. Braun‐Falco, H. De Koning, J.‐P. Fermand, C. Grattan, K. Krause, H. Lachmann, C. Lenormand, V. Martinez‐Taboada, M. Maurer, M. Peters, R. Rizzi, F. Rongioletti, T. Ruzicka, L. Schnitzler, B. Schubert, J. Sibilia, D. Lipsker
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Abstract Schnitzler's syndrome is characterized by recurrent urticarial rash and monoclonal gammopathy, associated with clinical and biological signs of inflammation and a long‐term risk of AA amyloidosis and overt lymphoproliferation. An extensive literature review was performed, and the following questions were addressed during an expert meeting: In whom should Schnitzler's syndrome be suspected? How should the diagnosis of Schnitzler's syndrome be established? How should a patient with Schnitzler's syndrome be treated? How should a patient with Schnitzler's syndrome be followed up?. A diagnosis of Schnitzler's syndrome is considered definite in any patient with two obligate criteria: a recurrent urticarial rash and a monoclonal IgM gammopathy, and two of the following minor criteria: recurrent fever, objective signs of abnormal bone remodeling, elevated CRP level or leukocytosis, and a neutrophilic infiltrate on skin biopsy. It is considered probable, if only 1 minor criterion is present. In patients with monoclonal IgG gammopathies, diagnosis is definite if three minor criteria are present and possible if two are present. First‐line treatment in patients with significant alteration of quality of life or persistent elevation of markers of inflammation should be anakinra. Follow‐up should include clinical evaluation, CBC and CRP every 3 months and MGUS as usually recommended.
Standard for the Management of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast (DCIS)
Authors: M. Morrow, E. A. Strom, L. W. Bassett, D. D. Dershaw, B. Fowble, J. R. Harris, F. O'Malley, S. J. Schnitt, S. E. Singletary, D. P. Winchester
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2002)

The multidisciplinary guidelines for management of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast from the American College of Radiology, the American College of Surgeons, the College of American Pathology, and the Society of Surgical Oncology have been updated to take into account continuing advances in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. The continued growth in mammographic evaluation and technology has resulted in an increase in the diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast (DCIS). The resulting guidelines provide a framework for clinical decision-making for patients with DCIS based on review of relevant literature, and includes information on patient selection and evaluation, technical aspects of surgical treatment, techniques of irradiation, and follow-up care.
Typhoid Fever Treatment.
Authors: C. R. Justice
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Poland, Ohio, June 15, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I am always glad to have an opportunity to say a word for the Woodbridge typhoid fever treatment... I am surpised and amazed at its success. The unusually dry summer of last year in this locality caused our wells to go dry, or nearly so, the average wells not having more than from six to eight inches of water in them, the users exhausting the supply nearly every day. This condition of affairs continued for some time and the few slight rains that we had in the early autumn washed the filth and garbage which had been decaying during the hot summer from the surface of the ground into the wells, and as a result the germs of typhoid infected the water and an epidemic of the fever prevailed in our town of about 600 inhabitants. There were in all about twenty
The accident at Chernobyl and outcome of pregnancy in Finland.
Authors: T. Harjulehto, T. Aro, H. Rita, T. Rytomaa, L. Saxen
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To evaluate the outcome of pregnancy in Finnish women after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant on 26 April 1986. DESIGN--Geographic and temporal cohort study. SETTING--Finland divided into three zones according to amount of radioactive fallout. SUBJECTS--All children who were exposed to radiation during their fetal development. Children born before any effects of the accident could be postulated--that is, between 1 January 1984 and 30 June 1986--served as controls. INTERVENTIONS--Children were divided into three temporal groups: controls, children who were expected to be born in August to December 1986, and children who were expected to be born in February to December 1987. They were also divided, separately, into three groups according to the three geographic zones. END POINT--Incidence of congenital malformations, preterm births, and perinatal deaths. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--There were no significant differences in the incidence of malformations or perinatal deaths among the three temporal and three geographic groups. A significant increase in preterm births occurred among children who were exposed to radiation during the first trimester whose mothers lived in zones 2 and 3, where the external dose rate and estimated surface activity of caesium-137 were highest. CONCLUSIONS--The results suggest that the amount of radioactive fallout that Finnish people were exposed to after the accident at Chernobyl was not high enough to cause fetal damage in children born at term. The higher incidence of premature births among malformed children in the most heavily polluted areas, however, remains unexplained.
RELATION OF SCHOOL METHODS TO SCHOOL DISEASES.
Authors: WILLIAM JAMES HERDMAN
Journal: JAMA (1905)

The inquiry which was inaugurated in the Section on Nervous and Mental Diseases at the New Orleans Session (1903) as to the relation of school methods to the production of neuroses and psychoneuroses and other "school diseases" revealed the fact that the data for such inferences were not yet available. Such data can only accumulate from a carefully planned system of medical inspection of school children: 1. At the time they enter on the school curriculum. 2. At frequent intervals during the years they are in attendance on school. Moreover, before the school methods can be charged with any injurious effects that may be observed, there are many other possible causes of such ill effects that will need to be eliminated, especially such as relate, 1, to the hygiene and sanitation of the school rooms, buildings and equipment; 2, to conditions to which the child is subjected outside of