tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1023: Social stress modulates beta-adrenergic and potassium channel-mediated signaling in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Howard Plummer, Hussein A.N. Al-Wadei, Benjamin Unger, Hildegard M. Schuller
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Small airway epithelial cell-derived adenocarcinoma is the most common human lung cancer. Previous research from our laboratory has indicated the importance of stress neurotransmitters in cancer signaling in these cells in vitro. In the current study, we have assessed the potential modulation of cancer progression by social stress in xenograph models. The adenocarcinoma cell lines NCI-H322 (with activating point mutations in K-ras) and NCI-H441 (without ras mutations) were injected into nude mice 4 weeks after induction of social stress. The social stress continued for an additional 4 weeks when the tumors were removed. RNA was isolated, and PCR microarrays were used to identify genes that could be affected by stress. Using real-time PCR, we investigated some of these genes. We saw significant decreases in β1-adrenergic (0.49 fold), β2-adrenergic (0.55 fold) and calmodulin (0.16 fold) gene expression in the NCI-H322 xenographs. In the NCI-H441 xenographs, only calmodulin was changed (1.59 fold increase). The immortalized normal human small airway epithelial cell HPL1D was chosen for in-vitro studies. Treatment of HPL1D cells for 7 days with 10 μM acetylcholine led to a significant 0.48 fold decrease in β1-adrenergic gene expression. Previous research from our laboratory has indicated the significance of potassium channels in both lung cancer and breast cancer. Therefore, we determined if a potassium channel could be involved in these stress-induced responses. The voltage-dependent human ether à go-go (EAG) potassium channel has been shown to be important in cellular signaling, cancer progression and calcium signaling/calmodulin binding. After assay by real-time PCR, the NCI-H322 xenographs showed a significant 0.51 fold decrease in EAG gene expression, but there was no change in gene expression in the NCI-H441 xenographs. Treatment of HPL1D cells for 7 days with 10 μM acetylcholine led to a significant 0.36 fold decrease in EAG gene expression. Our data indicate social stress modulates beta-adrenergic and potassium channel-mediated signaling in lung adenocarcinoma. Supported by 1RC1CA144640 with the National Institutes of Health. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1023. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1023
A Heroin Maintenance Program in the United States?
Authors: Edward Lewis
Journal: JAMA (1973)

In recent months, considerable enthusiasm has been expressed by a number of political and law-enforcement figures in the United States over the possible benefits of heroin maintenance in the treatment of the addict population and the potential benefits in reduction of crime and ultimate rehabilitation. Reference is frequently made to the so-called British system in which heroin is legitimately administered to addicts under legally controlled circumstances in the United Kingdom (unpublished data).<sup>1-4</sup> In March 1972, I was sent to London by the Director of the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, John E. Ingersoll, to examine the British experience with heroin maintenance. This was an attempt to assist us in assuming a realistic posture regarding the applicability of the British technique in the United States. After a week in the United Kingdom and a number of meetings with knowledgeable officials, I returned with some definite impressions and made some
Ageing and the epidemiology of multimorbidity
Authors: Miguel J. Divo, Carlos H. Martinez, David M. Mannino
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2014)

The world’s population is ageing and an important part of this demographic shift is the development of chronic illness. In short, a person who does not die of acute illnesses, such as infections, and survives with chronic illnesses is more likely to develop additional chronic illnesses. Chronic respiratory diseases are an important component of these diseases associated with ageing. This article reviews the relationship between ageing and chronic respiratory disease, and also how certain chronic diseases cluster with others, either on the basis of underlying risk factors, complication of the primary disease or other factors, such as an increased state of inflammation. While death is inevitable, disabling chronic illnesses are not. Better understanding of how individuals can age healthily without the development of multiple chronic illnesses should lead to an improved global quality of life.
Nonspecific Infecton Uptake in Hyperemia Secondary to a Ewing Sarcoma
Authors: Bruce Keith Adams, Inas Youssef, Shehnaaz Parkar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

A 23-year-old man presented with malignant hyperthermia and a painful, swollen right shoulder. He sustained a traumatic fracture of the proximal right humerus 2 years previously. Examination revealed hot, tender swelling of the right shoulder with reduced range of movement. Radiographs showed features typical of Ewing sarcoma, and a 3-phase bone scan confirmed the presence of a primary bone tumor of the right humerus. Given the patient's high, unremitting fever, an Infecton scan was done to exclude a concomitant infection. The Infecton concentrated in the right shoulder. A biopsy of the humerus showed histopathologic features typical of Ewing sarcoma.
The explanatory advantages of the holistic protolanguage model: The case of linguistic irregularity
Authors: Alison Wray
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

Our tolerance for, and promotion of, linguistic irregularity is a key arbitrator between Arbib's proposal that holistic protolanguage preceded culturally imposed compositionality, and the standard view that discrete units with word-like properties came first. The former, coupled with needs-only analysis, neatly accounts for the second-order linguistic complexity that is rationalised as fuzzy grammaticality, subclass exception, and full irregularity.
Nitric oxide synthase in neurons and nerve fibers of lower airways and in vagal sensory ganglia of man. Correlation with neuropeptides.
Authors: A Fischer, B Hoffmann
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

The mediator accounting for the major relaxant responses to electrical field stimulation of human airways was previously identified as nitric oxide (NO). In the present study, we examined the distribution of the neuronal isoform of the NO-generating enzyme, nitric oxide synthase (bNOS, type I NOS) in nerve fibers of the human airways (trachea, large and small bronchi, bronchioli) as well as in human intrinsic and sensory ganglia of airway innervation by means of quantitative histochemistry (NADPH-diaphorase technique) and immunohistochemistry. Correlation with substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was performed by double-labeling immunohistochemistry. NOS-containing nerve fibers were found to be present in the airway smooth muscle, around submucosal glands, around blood vessels and, very rarely, in the lamina propria. The innervation density of airway smooth muscle by NOS-containing nerve fibers decreased significantly from trachea to large-diameter bronchi to small-diameter bronchi, whereas NOS-containing nerve fibers were completely absent from bronchioli. Colocalization of NOS with VIP but not with SP was frequent in these nerve fibers. In airway intrinsic ganglia, the number of NOS-containing neuronal cell bodies increased from 57% in the trachea up to 83% in small bronchi. Around these perikarya, many nerve fibers displaying VIP-immunoreactive (VIP-IR) or SP-IR were found. In the superior vagal sensory (i.e., jugular) ganglion most of the neuronal cell bodies contained either NOS-IR or SP-IR; a colocalization of both was not as frequent. These data contribute to the understanding of the morphologic basis underlying the functional differences of the neural relaxant responses mediated by NO at different levels of the airway tree.
Review of Regina Herzlinger.<i>Who Killed Health Care? America's $2 Trillion Medical Problem—and the Consumer-Driven Cure</i>.<sup>1</sup>
Authors: Ross S. White
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

The United States is in a health care crisis, spending $2 trillion annually (approximately 17% of our gross domestic product) while more than 46 million people remain uninsured. An increasingly pop...
Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines: 2010 Revision
Authors: Jan L. Brożek, Jean Bousquet, Carlos E. Baena-Cagnani, Sergio Bonini, G. Walter Canonica, Thomas B. Casale, Roy Gerth van Wijk, Ken Ohta, Torsten Zuberbier, Holger J. Schünemann
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Miniscopes in Gastroenterological Endoscopy - Inspection of the Gallbladder and the Biliary and Pancreatic Duct Systems in Autopsy Specimens
Authors: E. Ch. Foerster, M. U. Schneider, P. Stömmer, U. Runge, W. Domschke
Journal: Endoscopy (1988)

This report describes a newly available endoscopic system, the purpose of which is to inspect the common bile duct, gallbladder, cystic duct and the pancreatic duct with the aid of retrograde endoscopy. A miniscope examination of the gallbladder was carried out in eight out of ten autopsy specimens, and the entire pancreatic duct was inspected in nine out of ten specimens after successful transpapillary catheterisation. The procedure described in this paper opens up a new diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the gallbladder, biliary tree and the pancreatic duct.
Association between course of study at university and cause-specific mortality
Authors: P. McCarron, M. Okasha, J. McEwen, G. D. Smith
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

Although socioeconomic position is clearly related to mortality and one measure of this is length of education, it is not known whether the choice of course at university determines future health. We therefore investigated the association between faculty of study and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a prospective follow-up of male students who underwent health examinations while attending Glasgow University from 1948 to 1968. Among the 9887 (84%) alumni traced by means of the NHS Central Register, 8367 (85%) had full data on important potential confounding variables; 939 of these men had died. Physiological variables differed little between students from the various faculties. Medical students were most likely to come from affluent social backgrounds and, after law students, were most likely to be smokers. Compared with former medical students, former arts and law students had excess all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality, while science and engineering alumni had similar risks. Former medical students had lower lung cancer mortality than other alumni but higher mortality from alcohol-related causes including accidents, suicide and violence. The lower mortality risks observed among former medical and engineering students may be due to their better employment prospects and healthier lifestyle behaviours, although the high mortality from alcohol-related causes among former medical students underscores the complexity of choice of health behaviour. The findings point to the potential for disease prevention among the large proportion of the population who now have third-level education.
Infusion of HLA-mismatched peripheral blood stem cells improves the outcome of chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia in elderly patients
Authors: Mei Guo, Kai-Xun Hu, Chang-Lin Yu, Qi-Yun Sun, Jian-Hui Qiao, Dan-Hong Wang, Guang-Xian Liu, Wan-Jun Sun, Li Wei, Xue-Dong Sun, Ya-Jing Huang, Jun-Xiao Qiao, Zheng Dong, Hui-Sheng Ai
Journal: Blood (2010)
P125 The Irish Lung Fibrosis Association's 2000 Steps A Day Challenge: A Pilot Study To Evaluate A Novel Home Exercise Programme For Lung Fibrosis Patients
Authors: N. Cassidy, I. Byrne, D. Danaher, J. Egan
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3></h3> Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, debilitating interstitial lung disease of unknown aetiology that results in irreversible scarring of the lungs. Patients develop impaired oxygen exchange and subsequent functional limitations including dyspnoea, hypoxia and fatigue. Patients’ fear of breathlessness leads to avoidance of physical activity yet, exercise is crucial to maintain health, strength, and mobility. Pulmonary rehabilitation is advocated for IPF patients but access to such programmes is difficult and restricted. <h3>Methods</h3> The Irish Lung Fibrosis Association (ILFA) in collaboration with the physiotherapy department at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital developed the 2000 Steps a Day Challenge as a new and innovative home-based exercise programme for IPF patients. The 2000 Steps a Day pack includes a pedometer, guidance and a diary to progress the step programme, and a Contract for Success to encourage commitment. Positive language and inspirational messages were used to motivate patients to make it part of their daily routine and reassure and support those experiencing setbacks. The programme was piloted by 15 ambulatory patients (11 male: 4 female) for 4-weeks. 10/15 patients required supplementary oxygen, 6/15 patients were on the lung transplant list and 3/15 patients were post-lung transplant. Patients were asked to record their baseline daily step count for 1-week, to gradually incorporate an additional 2000 steps (equivalent to 1 mile of walking) into their daily routine, and to complete a questionnaire on the suitability of the new exercise programme. <h3>Results</h3> 12/15 patients completed the pilot phase and successfully added at least 2000 steps extra to their daily routine. 10/12 patients completed the questionnaire. 90% said the written materials were clear and understandable, 70% said the programme was easy to incorporate into their lives, 80% were motivated to exercise every day, 90% considered the pedometer a good motivational tool, 70% found the diary practical, 80% reported improved confidence, 100% felt a sense of achievement after reaching their target, 100% would recommend the programme to another patient. To date, over 200 walking packs have been requested. The ILFA 2000 Steps a Day Challenge is a novel, safe, effective and achievable home-based exercise solution for IPF patients.
Doctors call for ban on multidose vials after hepatitis C outbreak in US
Authors: J. Feinmann
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Clinicians have been urged to boycott drugs sold in large multidose vials that encourage the practice known as “double dipping.” Instead they should persuade pharmacies to buy safer single dose ampoules or prefilled syringes, leading specialists say.

The warning comes as US hospitals assess the effect of a $505m (£330m; €390m) award in damages in May 2010 to a patient who contracted hepatitis C while undergoing colonoscopy at a prestigious Las Vegas clinic in 2008. Investigators from the Southern Nevada Health District closed the Endoscopy Center of Southern Nevada after watching nurse anaesthetists use a clean needle but the same syringe to draw several doses from a …
Abstract P2-19-04: Anti-Jak2 and Breast Cancer Activity of NIM811, a Non-Immunosuppressive Cyclosporine A Analog
Authors: CV Clevenger, J Zheng, K Harrington, X. Zeng
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a member of the immunophilin family of peptidyl prolyl isomerases (PPI) that catalyze the cis-trans interconversion of proline imide bonds of peptides. In this role, cyclophilins have been found to function as signaling switches, regulating the activity of receptors, kinases and transcription factors. The PPI activity of CypA is inhibited by the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine A (CsA), and in turn the CypA-CsA complex inhibits calcineurin-mediated NFAT activation. Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that CypA is necessary for the prolactin (PRL)-induced activation of Jak2/Stat5 signaling and gene expression (Cancer Res 68:7769, 2008). In addition, we have also shown that CsA inhibits the in vitro and in vivo growth and progression of both ER+ and ER-breast cancer cell lines. Here, we show that the non-immunosuppressive CsA analog NIM811 blocked PRL-stimulated activation of the Jak2/Stat5 pathway, and the kinases AKT and MAPK in T47D cells. NIM811 also inhibited ER+, ER-, and Her2+ breast cancer cell proliferation, survival, motility and anchorage independent growth in a dose-dependent manner. NIM811 inhibited PRL induced gene expression, such as CISH and Cyclin D1. NIM811 also blocked the PRL-induced association between Stat5 and cMyb, and at higher doses, triggered PARP cleavage. In summary, these results indicate that non-immunosuppressive cyclophilin inhibitor NIM811 has significant potential as a novel for breast cancer therapeutic. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-19-04.
A new approach to authorship: Shared responsibility and shared credit
Authors: Christopher N Connolly
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2012)

I agree that all valuable input should be acknowledged by authorship, from technical to inspirational. The issue is the inclusion of undeserving authors that manipulate the system to claim authorship and the more generous situation of helping someone along in their career.

Perhaps a situation in which all authors are assigned a percentage for their contribution would be more appropriate (and quantitative). Authors providing the funding to support the research may remove their contribution and authorship if an amicable distribution of credit is not agreed.

With respect to referees, we all have shoddy feedback that is unsubstantiated (or worse). It is time that referees are paid for their professional services, but at the same time, as these are professional assessments, I do not see the justification for maintaining their anonymity. However, I do see very good reason for keeping the anonymity of the authors and their institute until the reviewing procedure is complete. This is entirely irrelevant, or it should be!

What can be fairer than a paid professional assessment of work conducted by unknown scientists and the credit for the work assigned by the authors?
Interleukin-1 in Ischemia-Reperfusion Acute Lung Injury
Authors: DEH-MING CHANG, KANG HSU, YU-AN DING, CHI-HUEI CHIANG
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by blood-borne and resident inflammatory lung tissue involved in the thrombotic occlusion of the pulmonary microcirculation and the increase of the vascular permeability following a wide variety of injuries and sepsis. The locally accentuated, organ-related activation of this cytokine seems to be responsible for the development of acute lung injury. The present study was conducted to determine if IL-1 β was produced in an ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) rat model subjected to lung injury. We measured sequential perfusate levels of IL-1 β by ELISA and we measured IL-1 gene expression in the rat lung tissue by a reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction method. Little IL-1 β gene expression was observed in normal rat lung tissue. Perfusate IL-1 β slightly increased 2 h after induced ischemia and 3 h after reperfusion. IL-1 β gene expression rapidly increased as early as 30 min after ischemia and continued to increase for up to 120 min. IL-1 β gene expression was dramatically upregulated during reperfusion after cessation of ischemia, reached a peak at 1 h, and then gradually decreased (2 to 3 h) to near baseline levels. During ischemia, the increased IL-1 gene expression was not significantly different between the ventral and dorsal sites of the lung. However, IL-1 gene expression markedly increased on the dorsal part (the dependent site for a rat in a supine position) after reperfusion. From these results, it appears that IL-1 may have an important role in I/R lung injury.
Too Smart for Primary Care
Authors: Caroline Poplin
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

Letters18 March 2014Too Smart for Primary CareCaroline Poplin, MD, JDCaroline Poplin, MD, JDFrom Arlington Free Clinic, Arlington Virginia.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L14-5006-4 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Alas, I believe that the prominent specialist who described primary care as not intellectually challenging in Warm and Goetz's essay (1) was generally correct. I am a Board-certified general internist; I have practiced primary care for 20 years. I spend too much time with the “Worried Well,” doing checkups on healthy people; counseling about diet and exercise; tending to self-limited, acute illnesses (especially upper respiratory infections); and following patients with easily controlled hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes. These may be important tasks, but they do not require 7 years of intensive medical training, which is why ...References1. Warm EJ, Goetz C. Too smart for primary care? Ann Intern Med. 2013;159:709-10. [PMID: 24247675] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Gottlieb S, Emanuel EJ. No, there won't be a doctor shortage. The New York Times. 5 December 2013:A35. Google Scholar3. Poplin C. No direction home: a primary care physician questions the medical home model. Health Affairs Blog. 24 March 2009. Accessed at http://healthaffairs.org/blog/2009/03/24/no-direction-home-a-primary-care-physician-questions-the-medical-home-model/ on 15 December 2013. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Arlington Free Clinic, Arlington Virginia.Disclosures: None disclosed. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=L14-0012. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoToo Smart for Primary Care? Eric J. Warm and Celine Goetz Too Smart for Primary Care Ian Jenkins Too Smart for Primary Care Ian Jenkins Metrics 18 March 2014Volume 160, Issue 6Page: 439KeywordsHistory of medicineHyperlipidemiaHypertensionNursesPatientsPharmacistsSurgeryType 2 diabetesUpper respiratory tract infections ePublished: 18 March 2014 Issue Published: 18 March 2014 CopyrightCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Theaflavin-enriched green tea extract lowers low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
Authors: David J. Maron, Guo Ping Lu, Cai Nai Sheng, Zhong Gui Wu, Yue Hua Li, Hui Chen, Jian Qiu Zhu, Xue Juan Jin, Bert C. Wouters, Jim Zhao
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)