tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gender difference in airway hyperresponsiveness in smokers with mild COPD. The Lung Health Study.
Authors: R E Kanner, J E Connett, M D Altose, A S Buist, W W Lee, D P Tashkin, R A Wise
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Methacholine bronchoprovocation challenge testing was successfully completed in 5,662 participants (3,556 men and 2,106 women) at the time they were randomized into the Lung Health Study, a multicenter trial designed to evaluate early intervention in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). All participants were smokers between the ages of 35 and 60 yr who had mild COPD. The male:female prevalence of a positive challenge (PC20FEV1) was 25%:48% and 63%:87% at a PC20FEV1 of < or = 5 mg/ml (AHR5) and < or = 25 mg/ml (AHR25), respectively. This analysis explores these marked gender differences in airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Relative risks (RR) for predictors of AHR and the 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using semiparametric Cox proportional-hazards models. The initial model controlled for age, gender, smoking history, height, and weight. The RR (95% CI) for female gender was 1.75 (1.60, 1.92). When the measured baseline FEV1 was added to the model as a surrogate for airway caliber, the RR for female gender decreased to 1.06 (0.96, 1.18). Thus, in this population of middle-aged smokers with mild COPD, the high prevalence of AHR appears to be associated with a decrease in airway caliber. The higher prevalence of AHR noted in women is due to their having a smaller airway caliber than their male counterparts.
Secondary clonal cytogenetic abnormalities following successful treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Crisoula Batzios, Lachlan A. Hayes, Simon Z. He, Hang Quach, Zoe K. McQuilten, Meaghan Wall, Lynda J. Campbell
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

To identify patients who developed secondary clonal cytogenetic aberrations (CCA) following therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), we retrospectively analyzed cytogenetic results from 123 patients diagnosed with APL between 1995 and 2007, who had ongoing cytogenetic analysis undertaken in our laboratory. During follow-up for APL we identified 12 patients (9.8%) who developed CCA, not detected at diagnosis of APL and unrelated to their original APL karyotype. All patients had received all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and chemotherapy and were in complete remission for APL when secondary CCA were identified. The median latency period between diagnosis of APL and emergence of secondary CCA was 27.5 months (range: 2-54 months). To date, four patients with CCA have been diagnosed with therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS)/acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML), giving a median t-MDS/AML free survival of 78 months, with follow-up ranging between 20 and 136 months from APL diagnosis. Three patients have died: two patients died of t-AML and another developed relapsed APL with persistence of his secondary clone but no diagnosis of t-MDS/AML and died from transplant-related complications. Two patients are alive with t-MDS. Seven patients with CCA are alive with no morphological evidence of MDS at the time of their last known follow-up; thus median survival has not been reached. The appearance of these abnormalities in the absence of morphological evidence of MDS in the majority of patients is unusual, and highlights the importance of continued cytogenetic follow-up in these patients. Am. J. Hematol., 2009. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Encapsulated Stem Cells Loaded With Hyaluronidase-expressing Oncolytic Virus for Brain Tumor Therapy
Authors: Jordi Martinez-Quintanilla, Derek He, Hiroaki Wakimoto, Ramon Alemany, Khalid Shah
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

Despite the proven safety of oncolytic viruses (OV) in clinical trials for glioblastoma (GBM), their efficacy has been hindered by suboptimal spreading within the tumor. We show that hyaluronan or hyaluronic acid (HA), an important component of extracellular matrix (ECM), is highly expressed in a majority of tumor xenografts established from patient-derived GBM lines that present both invasive and nodular phenotypes. Intratumoral injection of a conditionally replicating adenovirus expressing soluble hyaluronidase (ICOVIR17) into nodular GBM, mediated HA degradation and enhanced viral spread, resulting in a significant antitumor effect and mice survival. In an effort to translate OV-based therapeutics into clinical settings, we encapsulated human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) loaded with ICOVIR17 in biocompatible synthetic extracellular matrix (sECM) and tested their efficacy in a clinically relevant mouse model of GBM resection. Compared with direct injection of ICOVIR17, sECM-MSC loaded with ICOVIR17 resulted in a significant decrease in tumor regrowth and increased mice survival. This is the first report of its kind revealing the expression of HA in GBM and the role of OV-mediated HA targeting in clinically relevant mouse model of GBM resection and thus has clinical implications. Despite the proven safety of oncolytic viruses (OV) in clinical trials for glioblastoma (GBM), their efficacy has been hindered by suboptimal spreading within the tumor. We show that hyaluronan or hyaluronic acid (HA), an important component of extracellular matrix (ECM), is highly expressed in a majority of tumor xenografts established from patient-derived GBM lines that present both invasive and nodular phenotypes. Intratumoral injection of a conditionally replicating adenovirus expressing soluble hyaluronidase (ICOVIR17) into nodular GBM, mediated HA degradation and enhanced viral spread, resulting in a significant antitumor effect and mice survival. In an effort to translate OV-based therapeutics into clinical settings, we encapsulated human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) loaded with ICOVIR17 in biocompatible synthetic extracellular matrix (sECM) and tested their efficacy in a clinically relevant mouse model of GBM resection. Compared with direct injection of ICOVIR17, sECM-MSC loaded with ICOVIR17 resulted in a significant decrease in tumor regrowth and increased mice survival. This is the first report of its kind revealing the expression of HA in GBM and the role of OV-mediated HA targeting in clinically relevant mouse model of GBM resection and thus has clinical implications.
Natural Selection, Selection Bias and the Prevalence of Down's Syndrome
Authors: Godfrey P. Oakley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

A newborn baby has survived powerful, natural selective forces. For example, only 75 per cent of four-week pregnancies conclude with a live birth.1 From chromosomal analyses of spontaneous abortion products, we know that in early pregnancy there are powerful selective forces against chromosomal anomalies. Fetal chromosomal diagnosis has given us a new view to the selective forces. Hook, in this issue of the Journal, reports that during the last half of pregnancy, selection continues against trisomy 21 and probably trisomies 18 and 13. The higher mid-trimester prevalence of fetal chromosomal disorders for women 35 years of age and older, . . .
Stimulators and Inhibitors of Hepatic Porphyrin Formation in Human Sera
Authors: Arleen B. Rifkind, Shigeru Sassa, Irwin R. Merkatz, Robert Winchester, Leonard Harber, Attallah Kappas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Human sera were found to contain factors that stimulate and factors that inhibit porphyrin formation by cultured avian liver cells. The capacity of sera to stimulate or inhibit porphyrin formation varied in different hormonal states and in the porphyrias. Sera from 31 post partum women, eight of whom were not lactating, inhibited porphyrin formation to a mean level 30% below the level in control cultures and also inhibited drug and steroid stimulation of porphyrin formation. In contrast, mean porphyrin formation compared to control cultures was increased between 9 and 21% by sera from 52 normal subjects, 16 women on oral contraceptives, and 11 pregnant women. It was increased 193% by sera from nine subjects with acute intermittent porphyria and 172% by sera from 13 subjects with porphyria cutanea tarda. Heated sera or ethanol extracts of sera from all groups of subjects further increased the mean porphyrin stimulation by sera and, for the post partum subjects, eliminated the inhibitory effect. Ethanol extracts of sera from 28 oral contraceptive-treated women caused significantly greater mean stimulation of porphyrin formation than did extracts of sera from 30 normal women. While sera from 17 out of 22 porphyric subjects contained both stimulatory and inhibitory factors, 5 out of 22 had no evidence of an inhibitory component. There appeared to be heterogeneity in the occurrence of the factors among porphyrics.
An Outbreak of Influenza B Infection
Authors: A. Daniel Rubenstein, Edwin M. Ory, Manson Meads, Maxwell Finland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1947)

ALTHOUGH much knowledge concerning the epidemiology of influenza has been acquired over the years, more specific information has awaited the isolation of the etiologic agents. The discovery of the influenza B virus in 1940 simultaneously by Francis1 and Magill2 greatly facilitated the researches on the epidemiology of this disease. Nevertheless, data concerning the transmission of influenza B have not accumulated at a rapid rate. In some outbreaks it has been difficult or impossible to isolate the influenza B virus, and identification of cases in such circumstances necessarily depended on serologic studies. Furthermore, in extensive epidemics, it is not often practical . . .
Preterm Delivery and Low Birth Weight — A Dire Legacy
Authors: Maureen Hack, Irwin R. Merkatz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

The poor performance of the United States in the international ranking of infant mortality rates is mainly due to high rates of premature birth and associated low birth weight, which have changed little during the past 50 years and may recently even have increased.1 Besides its impact on infant mortality, low birth weight is associated with increased childhood morbidity, including that from respiratory illnesses, impaired postnatal growth, and neurodevelopmental problems. Although these complications increase in frequency with decreasing birth weight, even children at the upper end of the low-birth-weight range who require no intensive care have poorer outcomes than children . . .
X-linked situs abnormalities result from mutations in ZIC3
Authors: Marinella Gebbia, Giovanni B. Ferrero, Giuseppe Pilia, Maria T. Bassi, Arthur S. Aylsworth, Miranda Penman-Splitt, Lynne M. Bird, John S. Bamforth, John Burn, David Schlessinger, David L. Nelson, Brett Casey
Journal: Nature Genetics (1997)
Myocardial thallium-201 kinetics in normal and ischemic myocardium.
Authors: A M Grunwald, D D Watson, H H Holzgrefe, J F Irving, G A Beller
Journal: Circulation (1981)

The initial myocardial uptake of thallium-201 depends on myocardial blood flow distribution. The phenomenon of delayed thallium redistribution after transiently or chronically altered myocardial perfusion has been described. The net myocardial accumulation of thallium-201 after injection depends upon the net balance between continuing myocardial extraction from low levels of recirculating thallium in the blood compartment and the net rate of efflux of thallium from the myocardium into the extracardiac blood pool. These experiments were designed to measure separately the myocardial extraction and intrinsic myocardial efflux of thallium-201 at normal and at reduced rates of myocardial blood flow. The average myocardial extraction fraction at normal blood flow in 10 anesthetized dogs was 82 +/- 6% (+/- SD) at normal coronary arterial perfusion pressures and increased insignificantly, to 85 +/- 7%, at coronary perfusion pressures of 10--35 mm Hg. At normal coronary arterial perfusion pressures in 12 additional dogs, the intrinsic thallium washout in the absence of systemic recirculation had a half-time (T 1/2) of 54 +/- 7 minutes. The intrinsic cellular washout rate began to increase as distal perfusion pressures fell below 60 mm Hg and increased markedly to a T 1/2 of 300 minutes at perfusion pressures of 25--30 mm Hg. A second, more rapid component of intrinsic thallium washout (T 1/2 2.5 minutes) representing approximately 7% of the total initially extracted myocardial thallium was observed. The faster washout component is presumed to be due to washout of interstitial thallium unextracted by myocardial cells, whereas the slower component is presumed due to intracellular washout. The net clearance time of thallium measured after i.v. injection is much longer than the intrinsic myocardial cellular washout rate because of continuous replacement of myocardial thallium from systemic recirculation. Myocardial redistribution of thallium-201 in states of chronically reduced perfusion cannot be the result of increased myocardial extraction efficiency, but rather, is the result of the slower intrinsic cellular washout rate at reduced perfusion levels.
Antioxidants for children with kwashiorkor
Authors: George J Fuchs
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Oxidative stress may not explain this deadly disease 

P rotein energy malnutrition is the most deadly form of malnutrition. It is the primary or associated cause of around half of the nearly 11 million annual deaths among children under five, 30 000 each day.1 The reasons for this tragedy are quite clearly poverty, underdevelopment, and inequality, yet knowing this does not translate into finding correspondingly obvious or immediate solutions.

Clinically, protein energy malnutrition presents broadly as one of two extremes: the severe loss of body weight of marasmus or the oedematous malnutrition of kwashiorkor. Conceptualisation of protein energy malnutrition in this way has some disadvantages in its simplicity, but it does have practical importance and reflects differences in epidemiology, pathophysiology, treatment, and presumably aetiology. Of the two, kwashiorkor is consistently the more lethal, with …
Rapid and simple macrophotography of the skin
Authors: F.A. Bahmer, C. Rohrer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1986)

Journal Article Rapid and simple macrophotography of the skin Get access F.A. Bahmer, F.A. Bahmer Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, D‐6650 Homburg (Saar), West Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Rohrer C. Rohrer Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, D‐6650 Homburg (Saar), West Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 114, Issue 1, 1 January 1986, Pages 135–136, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1986.tb02790.x Published: 01 January 1986
Plasmacytoma Simulating Meningioma on Brain Scan
Authors: M A WAKAT, R J COWAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

The flow study and static images of the brain scans of two patients with plasmacytoma of the skull were identical to the pattern most commonly seen with meningioma. There was a prominent blush on dynamic imaging which did not wash out combined with an intense uptake on static views adjacent to a meningeal surface. In patients with known multiple myeloma, the diagnosis of plasmacytoma of the skull or cranial cavity should be considered when this characteristic pattern is seen.
Choice of Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate Equation Impacts Drug-Dosing Recommendations and Risk Stratification in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Interventions
Authors: Jessica Parsh, Milan Seth, Herbert Aronow, Simon Dixon, Michael Heung, Roxana Mehran, Hitinder S. Gurm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
The treatment of Pthirus pubis infestation of the eyelashes
Authors: D.A. BURNS
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1987)

Journal Article The treatment of Pthirus pubis infestation of the eyelashes Get access D.A. BURNS D.A. BURNS Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, U.K. Dr D.A.Burns, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Infirmary Square, Leicester LE1 5WW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 117, Issue 6, 1 December 1987, Pages 741–743, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1987.tb07354.x Published: 01 December 1987
Measurement of maximal expiratory pressure: effect of holding the lips.
Authors: J A Fiz, A Carreres, A Rosell, J M Montserrat, J Ruiz, J M Morera
Journal: Thorax (1992)

BACKGROUND: Minor differences in technique may account for the wide range of published normal values of maximum expiratory and inspiratory pressures. The effects of holding the lips while the subject performed a maximal expiratory pressure manoeuvre were investigated in this study. METHODS: Maximum static expiratory pressures (PEmax) obtained with a cylindrical tube by means of lip compression by the subject and technician aided compression were compared in 20 men (mean age 27 years) and 20 women (mean age 28 years). RESULTS: Technician aided lip compression was associated with higher maximum expiratory pressure than compression by the subject in both men (195 v 110 cm H2O) and women (134 v 80 cm H2O). CONCLUSION: Compression of the lips and corners of the mouth should be performed by a trained technician for maximum expiratory pressure measurements when a cylindrical mouthpiece is used.
Adoptive Immunotherapy Poised To Deliver on Decades-Old Promise
Authors: K. Hede
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2012)

But despite the compelling patient story, the June group was not the fi rst to achieve complete remission with the technique, nor is it the only recent example of adoptive immunotherapy showing dramatic results in small numbers of patients. Steven Rosenberg, M.D., Ph.D., chief of surgery at the National Cancer Institute and head of the tumor immunology branch, reported a nearly identical result in the December 2010 issue of Blood . In the Rosenberg group ’ s case study, a stage IV follicular lymphoma patient received autologous anti – CD-19 CAR-transduced T cells along with a lymphocyte-depleting regimen of cyclophosphamide and fl udarabine. They reported that the patient remained disease free 39 weeks after treatment. Indeed, the most compelling aspect of
Does Having Primary Breast Reconstruction Influence Chest-Wall Radiotherapy Rates?
Authors: A. Agusti, J. Rusby, S. Sundaramorthy, N. Roche, G. Gui, P. Harris, S. James, G. Ross, F. MacNeill
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Immediate breast reconstuction should be discussed with all patient's who require mastectomy. The immediate recontruction may interfere with postmactectomy chest wall radiotherapy (RT) .The adverse impact of chest-wall radiotherapy on the reconstructed breast is widely reported. Predicting who will require chest-wall RT prior to surgery can be difficult, limited to the knowledge of full pathological staging and often only known after mastectomy. Does having primary reconstruction influence in chest-wall RT decision making? Are women who opt for primary reconstruction less likely to receive RT than those who choose no reconstruction?METHODS: From 1st Jan 2008 to 31st March 2009, we performed 430 mastectomies 226 were mastectomy only (M0), 204 were mastectomy with immediate reconstruction (MIR). Data were prospectively recorded on chest wall recurrence risk adjuvant chest wall radiotherapy, type of breast reconstruction (tissue expander, fixed volume implant, autologous reconstruction only and autologous reconstruction implant assisted).Chest-wall recurrence risk was calculated from pathology.RESULTS:Performed 430 mastectomies, 335 for invasive disease, 53 for DCIS, 6 for ALH/LCIS, 36 benign (for risk reduction or symmetry purposes).Two hundred and twenty-six (52%) were mastectomy only (M0), 204 (48%) were mastectomy with immediate reconstruction (MIR).Chest wall radiotherapy + MO vs. MIRTotal RT 130(30%), of which 88 (67%, 88/130) and 44 (33%, 44/130) were MO and MIR respectively. MOMO+RTMIRMIR+RTLow Risk (ASCO pN-ve/T&amp;lt;50mm)42 (18%,42/226)4 (9%,4/42)44 (21%,44/204)2 (4%,2/44)Moderate Risk (SUPREMO pN+ (1-3) and/or pT2)89 (39%)31 (34%,31/89)59 (29%)23 (39%,23/59)High Risk (ASCO pT_&amp;gt;50mm and/or pN+_&amp;gt; 4)77 (32%)53 (73%,53/77)29 (14%)19(65%,19/29) RT and Type of Reconstruction: Of the 204 MIR, 85 (42%) were autologous and 119 (58%) implant based of which 16 autologous (18%,16/85) and 30 (25%,30/119 ) implants received RT.CONCLUSION:Chest wall RT rates are broadly comparable across the three risk groups for MIR and MO suggesting MIR doesn't influence decision making regarding RT.The number of high risk MIR was small (14%) suggesting successful preoperative selection.Slightly higher radiotherapy rate for implant based reconstruction may be explained by staged reconstruction. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 3119.
Compulsory immunization statutes
Authors: A. R. Holder
Journal: JAMA (1974)

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Aldosterone-induced Sgk1 relieves Dot1a-Af9–mediated transcriptional repression of epithelial Na+ channel α
Authors: Wenzheng Zhang, Xuefeng Xia, Mary Rose Reisenauer, Timo Rieg, Florian Lang, Dietmar Kuhl, Volker Vallon, Bruce C. Kone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2007)

Aldosterone plays a major role in the regulation of salt balance and the pathophysiology of cardiovascular and renal diseases. Many aldosterone-regulated genes — including that encoding the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC), a key arbiter of Na+ transport in the kidney and other epithelia — have been identified, but the mechanisms by which the hormone modifies chromatin structure and thus transcription remain unknown. We previously described the basal repression of ENaCα by a complex containing the histone H3 Lys79 methyltransferase disruptor of telomeric silencing alternative splice variant a (Dot1a) and the putative transcription factor ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 9 (Af9) as well as the release of this repression by aldosterone treatment. Here we provide evidence from renal collecting duct cells and serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase–1 (Sgk1) WT and knockout mice that Sgk1 phosphorylated Af9, thereby impairing the Dot1a-Af9 interaction and leading to targeted histone H3 Lys79 hypomethylation at the ENaCα promoter and derepression of ENaCα transcription. Thus, Af9 is a physiologic target of Sgk1, and Sgk1 negatively regulates the Dot1a-Af9 repressor complex that controls transcription of ENaCα and likely other aldosterone-induced genes.