tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
<i>Plasmodium vivax</i> malaria complicated by hemophagocytic syndrome in an immunocompetent serviceman
Authors: Tae Sung Park, Seung Hwan Oh, Jae Cheol Choi, Hyung Hoi Kim, Chulhun L. Chang, Han Chul Son, Eun Yup Lee
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

We describe a 23-year-old retired military officer who was immunocompetent but diagnosed with hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) by Plasmodium vivax infection. Initially, the patient was suspected to have toxic hepatitis related to heavy drinking. But abnormal hematologic findings required a further bone marrow examination and the diagnosis of HPS was made. Antimalarial chemotherapy then brought complete remission. Plasmodium falciparum, a species causing more severe malarial infection, was listed as one of the major causes of HPS. However, P. vivax was not mentioned, and only one case was reported in the literature. In this study, we suggest that P. vivax malaria should be included in the differential diagnosis of HPS, even in an immunocompetent person.
Inaccuracy of Wedge Pressure as an Index of Pulmonary Capillary Pressure
Authors: JEROME P. MURPHY
Journal: Circulation (1958)

The wedge and left atrial pressures were compared in 12 subjects with congenital and acquired heart disease; all experiments were carried out with closed chest under basal conditions. A poor correlation between the wedge and left atrial pressures was noted in over half the patients. The wedge pressure is especially inaccurate in mitral stenosis with marked elevations in left atrial pressure.
Let us redeploy attention to sensorimotor experience
Authors: Nicolas Michaux, Mauro Pesenti, Arnaud Badets, Samuel Di Luca, Michael Andres
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract With his massive redeployment hypothesis (MRH), Anderson claims that novel cognitive functions are likely to rely on pre-existing circuits already possessing suitable resources. Here, we put forward recent findings from studies in numerical cognition in order to show that the role of sensorimotor experience in the ontogenetical development of a new function has been largely underestimated in Anderson's proposal.
Matching prevalence of peripheral arthritis and acute anterior uveitis in individuals with ankylosing spondylitis.
Authors: W P Maksymowych, C T Chou, A S Russell
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1995)

OBJECTIVE--To study the association between the occurrence of peripheral arthritis and of acute anterior uveitis during the course of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). METHODS--Retrospective clinical follow up by both chart review and direct patient interview was performed on 271 individuals comprised of 222 local white and 49 Taiwanese individuals with AS. RESULTS--Of 89 white patients with acute anterior uveitis, 36 (40.4%) also had peripheral arthritis, compared with only 33 (24.8%) having peripheral arthritis among the 133 who did not have acute anterior uveitis (p &lt; 0.02). Thirty seven (78.7%) of 49 Taiwanese individuals with AS had peripheral arthritis and these included all 10 patients with acute anterior uveitis from the entire disease cohort (p &lt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS--This cross-sectional survey of AS patients supports the view that patients who develop peripheral arthritis are also more likely to develop acute anterior uveitis.
THE DIGNITY OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY
Authors: ROBERT LEVY
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The department of otolaryngology represents one of the refinements of medical science and as such should be bounded by no narrowness of view or bigotry of opinion. Its members should be recognized as representing the highest ideals. Its officers should be chosen not by political intrigue or for the purpose of self-aggrandizement, but because of their actual worth and honorable conduct and their recognized ability. No other consideration has a place in a scientific body such as this. Political faith or religious creed become subservient to and are forgotten in the enthusiasm for scientific attainment. Believing this and recognizing in my predecessors men whose names stand for the noblest ideals and for the greatest scientific value in our specialty, I am profound in my appreciation of your action in placing me in the same "Hall of Fame" with
Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular filling and septal and posterior wall dynamics in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.
Authors: M G Sutton, A J Tajik, D G Gibson, D J Brown, J B Seward, E R Guiliani
Journal: Circulation (1978)

In order to study left ventricular function in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS), left ventricular echograms were analyzed by computer and compared with results in normal subjects. Systolic function was consistently normal or above normal even in the presence of severe diastolic abnormalities. Wide variation in diastolic function in IHSS allowed separation of patients into three groups on the basis of the left ventricular peak filling rate. Because of the severe septal hypertrophy and hypokinesia, peak left ventricular filling rate is predominantly determined by the rate of free wall thinning. Patients in group 1 had rapid left ventricular filling rates, those in group 2 had normal filling rates, and those in group 3 had slow filling rates. With reduction in left ventricular peak filling rate caused by impaired free wall thinning, there was progressive increase in 1) duration of the rapid filling phase, 2) delay of mitral valve opening, 3) asynchrony between septum and posterior wall, 4) incidence of angina, and 5) incidence of atrial fibrillation.
Health Sector Reform in Developing Countries
Authors: P. Garner
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Ed Peter Berman Harvard University Press, £9.50, pp 418 ISBN 0 674 38525 X

Health sector reform must be the most exciting challenge facing those responsible for health care in developing countries. Substantive change that results in more money for health and more health for the money has to be right. The new international policy vision has shifted to institutional reform and varied financing mechanisms for health care. Health Sector Reform in Developing Countries, which is about this new policy, is based on a conference organised by Harvard University and the US …
Extradural and Intrathoracic Lipoma
Authors: Irwin Perlmutter
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> I was interested in the article by Dr. Herbert C. Maier in the Aug. 18 issue ofThe Journal(<b>181</b>:610) on "Extradural and Intrathoracic Lipoma Causing Spinal Cord Compression." It is perfectly correct, as stated by Dr. Maier in his first paragraph, that "the onset of paraparesis in a young child with a large intrathoracic tumor might well lead to a tentative diagnosis of neuroblastoma"; but neither should such a diagnosis delay surgeons from immediately surgically decompressing the spinal cord. In the past 6 months at the Variety Children's Hospital and at the Jackson Memorial Hospital, both in Miami, we have had 2 children with this syndrome with neuroblastomas, one of whom had her spinal cord lesion operated on first, then had her chest lesion removed, following both of these with x-ray treatment. The child is now walking with a practically normal neurological examination. The second
STUDIES IN SYNERGY
Authors: Homer F. Swift, Mark P. Schultz
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1936)

The degree of immunization and sensitization of rabbits following injections of beef lens is markedly increased when the animals are under the influence of staphylotoxin. Since the effect of the latter is exerted when the two substances are introduced separately into the same tissues with several hours elapsing between injections, or into different veins, it appears that an intimate association of them is unnecessary. A stimulating action of the toxin on the antibody-forming cells is a more probable explanation of the phenomena observed. Animals actively immune to staphylotoxin fail to show any synergic effect of this toxin when introduced with beef lens. Neutralization of the toxin in vitro, on the other hand, fails to eliminate this stimulating effect.
Infectious diseases increase in Iraq as public health service deteriorates
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The health of Iraqis continues to decline more than 18 months after the invasion, and this year has seen a dramatic increase in the toll of infectious disease, a report released last week by the Iraqi interim government's Ministry of Health says.

Ala'din Alwan, interim health minister, presented the report to a conference of the International Reconstruction Fund Facility for Iraq in Japan last week. “More Iraqis may have died as a result of inappropriate health policies, sanctions, and neglect of the health sector over the past 15 years than from wars and violence,” said Dr Alwan.

The greatest deficiencies are in primary …
Sustained Viral Suppression in HIV-Infected Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Baligh R. Yehia, John A. Fleishman, Joshua P. Metlay, Richard D. Moore, Kelly A. Gebo
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can be used to reduce human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. 1For this treatment-as-prevention strategy to be effective, patients must adhere to ART and suppress plasma HIV RNA (viral load).Among patients receiving ART, 77% have been estimated to achieve viral suppression based on last recorded viral load, which may not accurately represent a patient's complete viral load history. 2 We examined the change in and determinants of sustained viral suppression over time in HIV-infected adults receiving ART. MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated consecutive HIV-infected adults who initiated care at 12 highvolume HIV clinics that are part of the HIV Research Network (HIVRN) and provided complete data between 2001 and 2010.Clinics are located in the Northeastern (n = 6), Midwestern (n=1), Southern (n=2), and Western (n=3) sections of the United States and had a median panel size of 1598 patients in 2010.All patients were offered enrollment in the
Importance of Dietary Cholesterol in Man
Authors: Alfred Steiner
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The importance of dietary cholesterol in man has been reevaluated, using the formula diet technique. A prompt, significant increase in the serum cholesterol concentration occurred in all of 8 patients as the result of the feeding of a cholesterol formula diet. The discrepancies between this and previous studies is probably related to the administration of cholesterol in a form that facilitates its absorption. Substitution of corn oil for olive oil in the cholesterol-containing formula diet failed to prevent but did limit the increase in the level of serum cholesterol. Oral neomycin was found to prevent the increase in serum cholesterol resulting from the cholesterol-olive oil formula diet. It would seem pertinent that studies having to do with the prevention of coronary heart disease by diet give cognizance to the importance of dietary cholesterol.
568 A NOVEL PROGNOSTIC ESTIMATION FORMULA FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AFTER RESECTION, BASED ON TNM STAGING, TOTAL BILIRUBIN LEVEL, BLOOD LOSS, HLA-DR ALPHA AND DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE 1
Authors: W. Lu, J. Dong, P. Bie, D. Guo, W. Zhang, S. Cai
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
INTRA-AORTIC BALLOON COUNTER PULSATION AFTER PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION AND SUBOPTIMAL CORONARY FLOW: HIGHER FLOW PREDICT HIGHER LEFT VENTRICULAR SYSTOLIC FUNCTION
Authors: Dawod Sharif, Yousif Micheal, Amal Sharif-Rasslan, Nabeel Makhoul, Arie Shefer, Amin Hassan, Uri Rosenschein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Selective induction of DNA synthesis in mouse preneoplastic and neoplastic hepatic lesions after exposure to phenobarbital.
Authors: J E Klaunig
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Recent evidence has suggested that the induction of DNA synthesis by nongenotoxic chemical carcinogens plays an important role in the formation of cancer. The present study examined the effect of a nongenotoxic carcinogen, phenobarbital, (PB) on the induction of DNA synthesis in preneoplastic foci and adenomas in B6C3F1 mice. Male mice were treated with diethylnitrosamine at 30 days of age. After 6 months, mice had both hepatic foci and adenomas. Mice were divided into three groups at random and treated with PB in the drinking water and examined for DNA labeling by autoradiography. Before sacrifice, each mouse received an osmotic minipump containing [3H] thymidine. Results showed a PB dose-dependent increase in DNA synthesis in hepatic foci. Adenomas were unresponsive to the DNA synthesis-enhancing effect of PB, maintaining a level of 20-25%. The normal surrounding liver showed an increase in DNA synthesis (10-15% labeling index) at the 7-day sampling, which returned to normal control levels by 28 and 45 days. The foci showed a heterogeneity in response, with some foci showing an increase (20-30% labeling index), and others maintaining control DNA synthesis levels (4-6% labeling index). These results show that preneoplastic foci in the mouse respond preferentially to the induction of DNA synthesis by PB, that this response is dose dependent, and that it is maintained as long as the treatment continues.
Physiological remodelling of potassium channels in the heart
Authors: G. J. Rozanski
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2011)

This editorial refers to ‘Enhanced cardiac PI3Kα signalling mitigates arrhythmogenic electrical remodelling in pathological hypertrophy and heart failure’ by K.-C. Yang et al ., pp. 252–262, this issue. 

The failing heart undergoes a process of pathological electrical remodelling that is characterized by maladaptive alterations in ion channel expression and function.1,2 This shift in phenotype manifests as electrical instability which increases the occurrence of arrhythmic sudden death. Indeed, it is estimated that of the ∼300 000 annual deaths related to heart failure,3 up to 50% are the result of sudden cardiac death, most likely from ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation.2 Thus, a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying electrical remodelling is vital to developing therapeutic strategies to prevent lethal arrhythmias. Yang et al. 4 describe a thought-provoking series of experiments exploring a signalling pathway underlying adaptive, ‘physiological’ electrical remodelling. The clinical impact of this work is that it provides important clues into ways in which the balance of physiological and pathological signalling can be controlled to prevent sudden cardiac death.

The aetiology of pathological electrical remodelling is complex and incompletely understood, partly because of the diverse diseases that lead to heart failure and variations in the severity or duration of disease. Nevertheless, chronic ventricular dysfunction is consistently characterized by inhibition of repolarizing K+ currents and prolongation of action potential duration.1,2 Furthermore, delayed repolarization contributes to intracellular Ca2+ dysregulation, development of afterdepolarizations, and increased dispersion of refractoriness, which are important substrates for the genesis of sustained arrhythmias.1,2 Recent experimental data indicate that signalling pathways associated with …
New surgical treatment for chronic subdural hematoma
Authors: May Annexton
Journal: JAMA (1979)

A new surgical approach to subdural hematoma in children shows promise for reducing chronic collections of fluid in subdural spaces. By lowering and advancing the superior sagittal sinus (a venous sinus of the dura mater) with the overlying sagittal suture and then performing a duraplasty, neurosurgeon Francisco Gutierrez, MD, and colleagues at Children's Hospital of Chicago eliminate narrowing and angulation of the cortical veins, which they believe to be a cause of the continual fluid accumulation. "We postulate that one possible mechanism in this condition is the stretching and narrowing of the cortical veins that bridge the subarachnoid and subdural spaces to enter the superior sagittal sinus," says Gutierrez. "The accumulation of fluid is the initial cause of the 'hanging veins' and may lead to their thrombosis and narrowing. Then, elevated back pressure favoring the formation of a transudate often follows, and the veins are unable to resume their normal
Intravenous Drug Users and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing and Counseling
Authors: Samuel Perry
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Curtis et al<sup>1</sup>recently reported inThe Journalthat 21% of intravenous (IV) drug users in their methadone maintenance program had, usually unbeknownst to staff, sought human immunodeficiency virus serological testing at other sites. The article raises the question whether, in the service of coordinating care, the testing site should share results with drug rehabilitation counselors. Based on our experience, we think not. We have two reasons First, IV drug users are unlikely to seek testing if they fear strict confidentiality will not be maintained.<sup>2</sup>For more than 2 years in our ongoing federally funded study of psychobehavioral responses to human immunodeficiency virus testing at The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, we have extensively evaluated and followed up 49 IV drug users. Compared with the 315 subjects with other risk factors, the IV drug users have been at least as concerned about notification of third
The Role of Ga-67 Citrate Imaging in Pancreatitis
Authors: TAMIO ABURANO, KUNIHIKO YOKOYAMA, KINICHI HISADA, KAZUTO KAKUMA, KENJI ICHIYANAGI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

Two patients with pancreatitis in whom an area of predominant uptake of Ga-67 citrate was demonstrated involving the entire pancreas are presented. Ultrasound and x-ray CT did not reveal any morphologic abnormalities in the pancreas, whereas Ga-67 citrate imaging indicated the presence of active inflammatory change. Ga-67 citrate imaging may be useful in confirming the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis or acute exacerbation of chronic pancreatitis based on clinical and laboratory data, especially when ultrasound and/or x-ray CT cannot reveal any morphologic abnormalities in the pancreas.
Abstract 3391: Regenerative stem cell therapy for multiple myeloma osteolytic bone damage
Authors: Jerome T. Higgs, John Jarboe, Selvarangan Ponnazhagan
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Multiple Myeloma (MM) remains the second most common hematologic malignancy occurring in adults, which affects primarily the skeletal system. Current therapies, which include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, autologouos stem cell transplantation and in some cases surgery, have the extended median survival between 3 and 10 years. However, MM is still incurable and therefore improving current therapies or developing novel ones to extend survival rate will be highly beneficial for patient management. The long term goal of this study is to develop a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of MM using genetically-engineered mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for inhibiting osteoclast activity by stable expression of osteoprotegin (OPG). Studies have shown that osteoclast activity is increased in myeloma patients through increased expression of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Ligand (RANKL) leading to RANKL/RANK signaling, resulting in osteoclast activation and ultimately bone resorption. Osteoprotegerin is a soluble decoy receptor for RANKL, and is decreased in expression in myeloma patients possibly because of a marked decrease in osteoblast and or MSC, which produce OPG. Thus, we hypothesize that therapy with MSC, overexpressing OPG, will greatly decrease osteolytic damage and reduce morbidity. Despite the potential of OPG in inhibiting osteoclast activation, OPG also binds to tumor related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) making MM cells resistant to apoptosis. In order to eliminate TRAIL binding while still possessing RANKL binding, we have created mutant OPG constructs by site-directed mutagenesis based on interactive domain identification, and superimposing structural models of TRAIL, OPG and DR5, the death receptor that binds to TRAIL. The mutant OPGs were produced in HEK 293 cells for characterization of the five potential mutants and their TRAIL binding ability. One of the mutants abolished TRAIL binding while possessing RANKL binding as determined by TRAIL assay and osteoclast assay respectively. Finally, to achieve biphasic effects of MSC-OPG therapy with anti-tumor activity, the regenerative MSC therapy will be tested in combination with chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic therapy. These studies are performed in preclinical mouse models of MM. Currently, other OPG mutants are being characterized for their RANKL and TRAIL binding properties which will be confirmed via the assays mentioned and immunoprecipitation. Thus far, we conclude that using site-directed mutagenesis targeted at the N-terminal of OPG effectively retains RANKL binding and abolishes TRAIL binding. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3391. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3391
Transmissible Gastroenteritis MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR DIARRHEA IN AN ACUTE VIRAL ENTERITIS IN PIGLETS
Authors: D. G. Butler, D. G. Gali, M. H. Kelly, J. R. Hamilton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

We studied 3-wk-old piglets 40 h after experimental infection with transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus to identify the mechanisms of diarrhea in this disease and to better understand infectious diarrhea in humans. Using continuous segmental marker perfusion in four regions along the gut, we found significant increases in net intraluminal accumulation of water and electrolytes only in the proximal jejunum, the region infected by the virus. In this jejunal segment studied in vivo, unidirectional sodium flux, extracellular fluid (ECF) to lumen, significantly increased, lumen to ECF significantly decreased, compared with matchfed littermates. The standard perfusate rendered hypertonic by adding mannitol (450 mosmol/kg), in the same segment of normal pigs, caused only an increase in ECF to lumen flux of sodium. TGE did not alter gross villous structure or intraluminal bacteria, bile salts, lactate, pH, or osmolality. Epithelial cell migration was accelerated in the jejunum of infected pigs. Isolated in suspension, these cells from TGE pigs exhibited increased active and passive sodium efflux, cells from mannitol-perfused pigs exhibited only increased active sodium efflux. In this viral enteritis, altered sodium transport occurring in the jejunum, the region of the intestine infected appears to be associated with defective epithelial cell function. The precise nature of the abnormalities in sodium transport, their relationship to disturbances of transport of other solutes, and to virus epithelial cell interaction remain to be defined.