tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Analgesic-Associated Nephropathy and Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Tract
Authors: Thomas A. Gonwa, Wayne T. Corbett, Harry M. Schey, Vardaman M. Buckalew
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Epidemiologic studies from Europe suggest that patients with analgesic-associated nephropathy have an increased risk of developing transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary tract. We did a similar epidemiologic study supporting this association. Six of 115 cases of transitional cell carcinoma diagnosed over 3 years had analgesic-associated nephropathy. The patients were predominantly female, younger, and had renal pelvis tumors instead of bladder tumors (P < 0.002), an mortality rate was higher (P < 0.05). In a historical prospective study, 146 patients with interstitial nephritis diagnosed between 1974 and 1976 were divided into those with and those without analgesic-associated nephropathy. In 4 of 84 patients with analgesic-associated nephropathy transitional cell carcinoma has developed. None of the 98 patients without analgesic associated nephropathy have developed transitional cell carcinoma (P < 0.001). These data strongly incriminate analgesic abuse as a risk factor for the development of transitional cell carcinoma.
Do NKT cells control autoimmunity?
Authors: Lucienne Chatenoud
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2002)

Extensive work in the early 90s established the importance of the Th1/Th2 paradigm and showed that Th2 CD4+ lymphocytes can dampen Th1-mediated immune responses. Later experiments highlighted the importance of a new subset of lymphocytes, termed NKT cells, in the regulation of Th2 cell differentiation. These NKT cells are distinct from other thymus-derived lymphocytes in that they express some markers typical of NK cells, as well as a quasi-invariant T cell receptor (TCR) type. Following stimulation of this TCR, NKT cells produce large amounts of IL-4, which drives the differentiation and growth of Th2 cells.
PATHOLOGIC PHYSIOLOGY OF TERATOMA TESTIS
Authors: RUSSELL S. FERGUSON
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Observations pointing to the direct relation of specific tumors to certain ductless glands are increasing. To this number the relation of teratoma testis to the anterior lobe of the pituitary may now be added.  Since December, 1930, there have been observed at the Memorial Hospital 117 consecutive cases of teratoma testis in which the quantitative excretion of prolan A (the follicle-ripening hormone of the anterior pituitary body) has been determined by multiple observations. The technic of the quantitative modification of the Aschheim-Zondek test 1 has been published elsewhere and need not be repeated at this time.  In all the cases in this series in which the tumor had been unaffected by treatment, prolan A was found in the urine in varying amounts. The factors which determine the urinary excretion of prolan A are as follows: (1) the embryonal character of the tumor, (2) the extent of the disease and (3) the
“Drink plenty of fluids”: Recommendations are not supported by data
Authors: Peter Collignon
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—Guppy et al, the authors of the recent article “ ‘Drink plenty of fluids': a systematic review of evidence for this recommendation in acute respiratory infections,” may have left readers with recommendations and implications that are not supported by the data they have reviewed.1

Infections of the upper respiratory tract and episodes of bronchitis are very common …
Psychological Assessment of Patients with Idiopathic Pruritus ani
Authors: Annie Laurent, Jacques Boucharlat, Jean-Luc Bosson, Andrew Derry, Roger Imbert
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1997)

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare psychological profiles in 17 patients suffering from idiopathic pruritus ani with a control group of 28 patients showing secondary pruritus ani. Methods: The two groups completed the Mini-Mult personality test and results were compared using χ2 test and analysis of variance. Results: The mean hypomania and depression scale scores were greater and smaller respectively in the idiopathic pruritus ani group. Nevertheless, the percentage of abnormal psychological profiles was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusions: It seems arbitrary to systematically ascribe psychogenic aetiologies to idiopathic pruritus ani even though psychological factors may be present in individual patients.
<i>Diabetes Care</i>: Moving (a Little) in the Winds of Change
Authors: Vivian A. Fonseca
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Upon completion of my first year as Editor-in-Chief of Diabetes Care , and on behalf of our Editorial Board and staff, it is time to consider our success and evaluate the challenges ahead. Also, after 30 years, it is appropriate to thank our founding Editor Jay Skyler, who reflects on the history of the journal in a separate Editorial in this issue (1).

First, I am pleased with the very smooth transition of the journal, which was achieved with very little, if any, increase in turn-around time of manuscripts or publication delays. This was obviously due to the continuation of the tenure of many of the Associate Editors from the previous editorship and, most importantly, the retention of our outstanding team in the editorial office.

The journal’s continued success can be judged by the higher and progressive rise of its impact factor, its worldwide readership, and its increasing submission rate. The latter must reflect increased funding for clinical research in diabetes over the last few years. While we are delighted with this increase, it presents new challenges, such as a 75% rejection rate, resulting in some disgruntled authors. Inevitably, many well-written manuscripts on well-conducted studies do not meet our priorities at the time of submission. This has resulted in a greater portion of manuscripts being rejected without full peer review, although an Associate Editor or I will have always reviewed the manuscript, and the short decision time may be a benefit.

We continue to …
Analysis of the A-V Conduction Defect in Complete Heart Block Utilizing His Bundle Electrograms
Authors: ONKAR S. NARULA, BENJAMIN J. SCHERLAG, ROGER P. JAVIER, FRANK J. HILDNER, PHILIP SAMET
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Twenty-one patients with complete heart block (CHB) were studied by recording His bundle (BH) electrograms. The site of block was localized proximal or distal to the site at which the BH electrogram was recorded. Eighteen patients had block distal to the recorded BH deflection. One of these 18 patients had a narrow QRS complex indicating block within the His bundle; the other 17 had wide QRS complexes probably due to bilateral bundle-branch block. The three patients with block proximal to the His bundle are examples of A-V nodal block or block in the uppermost portion of the BH. Two of these three had normal QRS complexes; the third with a left bundle-branch block pattern demonstrated that during CHB the ECG criteria for the localization of the site of block are not dependable. The conduction time from the atrium to the BH (A-H time) was measured in the 18 patients with CHB distal to the BH and was within the normal range. With atrial pacing there was progressive lengthening of the A-H time, and Wenckebach phenomena were demonstrated in some cases. The conduction time from the His bundle to the ventricles (H-V time) in patients with block proximal to the His bundle was also within the normal range. Bilateral bundle-branch block was probably the mechanism of block in the majority of the patients with CHB; this emphasizes the clinical significance of ECG patterns indicating bilateral bundle-branch block during normal sinus rhythm with 1:1 A-V conduction.
Sleep and Mental Illness
Authors: Raman Malhotra
Journal: JAMA (2011)

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A3.16 Specific Overexpression of Synovial Interleukin-21+CD4+T Cells Co-Expressing Tumour Necrosis Factor in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Role in Joint Destruction?
Authors: M Cristina Lebre, Pedro L Vieira, Saida Aarrass, Thomas Newsom-Davis, Paul P Tak, Gavin R Screaton
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background and Objectives</h3> IL-21 is a cytokine produced by activated CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and T follicular helper cells (TFh) that has been implicated in several autoimmune diseases. IL-21 regulates antibody production by B cells and induces osteoclastogenesis, mechanisms that contribute to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathology. Importantly, IL-21R blockade ameliorates arthritis in mice. Here we investigated the functional characteristics of CD4+IL-21+ T cells in RA. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> We evaluated the expression of surface markers and cytokine production in matched peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid (SF) from 13 RA and 6 psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients, and PB of 17 healthy control (HC) subjects by flow cytometry following PMA/Ionomycin stimulation ex-vivo. IL-21 concentrations were assessed by ELISA in cell-free SF samples of RA (n = 15), PsA (n = 14) and OA (n = 6) patients and in synovial biopsy culture supernatants (6 days) of RA (n = 6) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS; n = 5) patients. The effects of IL-21 were evaluated on cytokine and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) release by RA synovial biopsies. <h3>Results</h3> The frequency of IL-21+CD4+ T cells in RA and PsA SF was significantly higher compared to PB (P &lt; 0.0001 and P &lt; 0.0001, respectively). Moreover, the frequency of both total IL-21+CD4+ (P = 0.0140) and IL-21+TNF+CD4+ T cells (P = 0.0038) in RA SF were significantly increased compared to PsA patients. The frequency of IL-21+CD4+ T cells in RA PB was positively correlated with DAS28 (r = 0.592, P = 0.033), serum anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies (r = 0.788, P = 0.001) and IgM-rheumatoid factor (IgM-RF; r = 0.691, P = 0.009). In addition, the percentage of IL-21+CD4+ T cells in anti-CCP+ or IgM-RF+ patients was significantly higher compared to anti-CCP- (P = 0.03) and IgM-RF- (P = 0.01) patients respectively. In addition to PB and SF, we found IL-21+CD4+ T cells present in RA synovial tissue. Significant higher levels of IL-21 in RA SF compared to OA SF (P = 0.04) were observed confirming previous observations. RA synovial biopsies released significantly higher levels of IL-21 compared to biopsies from AS patients. The levels of IL-21 in SF were associated with CRP and with the MMP-1 and MMP-3. Related to this, IL-21 selectively induced MMP-1 and MMP-3 secretion by RA synovial biopsies. Synovial IL-21+CD4+ T cells did not phenotypically fit the TFh cell paradigm in that they did not express CXCR5 and ICOS. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The results of this study support the notion that IL-21-producing CD4 T cells are involved in promoting synovial inflammation (TNF) and joint destruction (MMP) in RA and might be a therapeutic target in this disease.
Tachycardia and bradycardia-dependent bundle branch block alternans: clinical observations.
Authors: H C Cohen, I D'Cruz, E R Arbel, R Langendorf, A Pick
Journal: Circulation (1977)

Eleven patients with tachycardia-dependent, bradycardia-dependent, or "pseudobradycardia-dependent" bundle branch block (BBB) alternans were studied. This classification is based on the following criteria: 1) When alternans is initiated by a sudden acceleration in ventricular rate, or it appears with aberration of the second beat after a pause, the alternans is tachycardia-dependent and results from a 2:1 bidirectional block in the affected bundle branch. 2) When alternans begins with the aberrant complex terminating a pause it is bradycardia-dependent; such an alternans results from alternating bundle branch cycle lengths and refractoriness, possibly produced by alternating transseptal retrograde penetration of the affected bundle branch. 3) In cases referred to as "pseudobradycardia-dependent BBB" alternans, a change from alternans to persiscardia-dependent BBB" alternans, a change from alternans to persistent BBB occurs as the cycle lengthens; however, the disappearance of BBB with further increase of the cycle length proves the tachycardia-dependence of the conduction defect.
Atropine and Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Sheldon Jacobson
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the case reported of monitored cardiac arrest by Moss and Rockoff (1980;244:2750), it is not clear how the infused atropine sulfate reached the patient's cardiac circulation. The patient was apparently asystolic, and closed chest compression was not performed.
Oncogenic Point Mutations in the Human Retinoblastoma Gene: Their Application to Genetic Counseling
Authors: David W. Yandell, Tracey A. Campbell, Siri H. Dayton, Robert Petersen, David Walton, John B. Little, Allyn McConkie-Rosell, Edward G. Buckley, Thaddeus P. Dryja
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Mutations of the retinoblastoma gene, most of which cannot be detected by conventional Southern blotting, are known to cause both the nonhereditary and hereditary forms of retinoblastoma and have been implicated in the development of other cancers. Nonhereditary retinoblastoma is caused by a somatic mutation. Hereditary retinoblastoma is caused by a germ-cell mutation, most often a new one, and thus there is usually no family history of the disease. Unlike patients with the nonhereditary disease, those with the hereditary form are at risk for additional retinoblastomas, and their progeny are at risk for the tumors. We used a sensitive technique of primer-directed enzymatic amplification, followed by DNA sequence analysis, to identify mutations as small as a single nucleotide change in tumors from seven patients with simplex retinoblastoma (with no family history of the disease). In four patients the mutation involved only the tumor cells, and in three it involved normal somatic cells as well as tumor cells but was not found in either parent; thus, these mutations appeared to be new, germ-cell mutations. In addition, we found point mutations in cells from a bladder carcinoma, a small-cell carcinoma of the lung, and another retinoblastoma. We conclude that the technique that we have described can distinguish hereditary from nonhereditary retinoblastoma and that it is useful in risk estimation and genetic counseling.
Association between socioeconomic status, sex, and age at death from cystic fibrosis in England and Wales (1959 to 2008): cross sectional study
Authors: H. L. Barr, J. Britton, A. R. Smyth, A. W. Fogarty
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<b>Objective</b> To determine the trend in the association between socioeconomic status and sex and median age at death from cystic fibrosis in England and Wales, over the past 50 years. <b>Design</b> Series of annual cross sectional studies of all registered deaths with a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in England and Wales, from 1959 to 2008. <b>Methods</b> We obtained national mortality data for cystic fibrosis from the Office for National Statistics. From 1959 to 2000, the Registrar General’s Social Class coded socioeconomic status as manual or non-manual. From 2001 onwards, the National Statistics Socioeconomic Classification was implemented and socioeconomic status was split into three groups: professional and managerial, intermediate, and routine and manual. We calculated median age at death for every study year. We calculated the effects of sex and socioeconomic status on the odds of death above the median age at death for every study decade using logistic regression. <b>Results</b> From 1959 to 2008, 6750 deaths were attributed to cystic fibrosis in England and Wales. Males were more likely to die above the annual median age at death than females (from 1959 to 1999, adjusted odds ratio for socioeconomic status 1.28, 95% confidence intervals 1.13 to 1.45; from 2000 to 2008, 1.57, 1.18 to 2.08). Individuals in the highest socioeconomic class were also more likely to die above the median age of death than those in the lowest socioeconomic class (from 1959 to 2000, adjusted odds ratio for sex 2.50, 2.16 to 2.90; from 2001 to 2008, 1.89, 1.20 to 2.97). <b>Conclusions</b> Socioeconomic status and sex remain strong determinants of survival from cystic fibrosis in England and Wales, and the magnitude of these effects does not appear to have substantially reduced over time.
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding: Author's reply
Authors: I. Forgacs
Journal: BMJ (1992)

side of the bed, insertion of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube will not necessarily prevent this as these tubes may themselves be pulled out by a determined patient-indeed, some authorities believe that psychosis and dementia are relative contraindications to insertion.8Thus percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is not the end of the line for nasogastric feeding but an example of one of several useful techniques that may be considered for long term enteral feeding.Nasoenteral tubes will continue to provide the main route of access for most patients requiring enteral nutrition.
Abstract 4913: The Bmi-1 polycomb protein antagonizes the (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate dependent suppression of skin cancer cell survival
Authors: Sivaprakasam Balasubramanian, Gautam Adhikary, Richard L. Eckert
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins are epigenetic suppressors of gene expression that play a key role in promoting cell survival. This suppression is achieved via the action of two multiprotein PcG complexes - PRC2 (eed) and PRC1 (Bmi-1). These complexes act to modulate gene expression by increasing histone methylation and reducing acetylation - ultimately leading to a closed chromatin conformation and gene silencing. Activity of these proteins is associated with increased cell proliferation and survival. We show increased expression of key PcG proteins in immortalized keratinocytes and skin cancer cell lines. We examine the role of two key PcG proteins, Bmi-1 and Ezh2, and the impact of the active agent in green tea polyphenol, (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), on the function of these regulators. EGCG treatment of SCC-13 cells reduces Bmi-1 and Ezh2 level and this is associated with reduced cell survival. The reduction in survival is associated with a global reduction in histone H3-K27-trimethylation (H3 K27-3M), a hallmark of PRC2 complex action. This change in PcG protein expression is associated with reduced expression of key proteins that enhance progression through the cell cycle (cdk1, cdk2, cdk4, cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin A, and cyclin B1) and increased expression of proteins that inhibit cell cycle progression (p21 and p27). Apoptosis is also enhanced, as evidenced by increased caspase 9, 8 and 3 cleavage and increased PARP cleavage. EGCG treatment also increases Bax and suppresses Bcl-xL expression. Vector-mediated enhanced Bmi-1 expression reverses these EGCG-dependent changes. These findings suggest that green tea polyphenols reduce skin tumor cell survival by influencing PcG-mediated epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4913.
Benefits of total body photography and digital dermatoscopy (“two-step method of digital follow-up”) in the early diagnosis of melanoma in patients at high risk for melanoma
Authors: Gabriel Salerni, Cristina Carrera, Louise Lovatto, Joan Anton Puig-Butille, Celia Badenas, Estel Plana, Susana Puig, Josep Malvehy
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2011)
Caring for the Poor
Authors: Ellison Weaver
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To  Editor.  —I read with disgust  editorial by Dr Lundberg and Mr Bodine 1 and  article by Dr Hilfiker 2 in a recent JAMA issue about how physicians  be donating their services to  poor and homeless. You say that in medicine today there is the obligation to serve  poor without pay, that  professionals  fulfill their social responsibility for delivering high quality health care to those without  resources to pay, and that physicians should contribute a significant percentage of their total professional efforts without expectation of financial  Let me tell you, buddy, I don't do anything in this business without financial remuneration. And if you don't think medicine today is a business (and judging from your quote about  difference between a business and a profession, you don't), maybe somebody ought to point out to you that  current American Medical
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults Presenting as Diabetes “Recurrence” After Bariatric Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Sean B. Manning, Andrea Pucci, Rachel L. Batterham, Nick Finer
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Here, we describe a novel presentation of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) involving a deterioration of glycemic control in a patient after bariatric surgery. A 43-year-old woman with a 7-year diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (T2D), treated initially with metformin and then also insulin glargine 2 years later, and a background of hypothyroidism and vitiligo was referred for bariatric surgery. Her weight was 106 kg (maximum lifetime weight 114 kg), and BMI was 35 kg/m2. HBA1c 97 mmol/mol (11%) improved to 57 mmol/mol (7.4%) with no change in weight with addition of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist liraglutide preoperatively. After laparoscopic proximal gastric bypass (LPGB), insulin and liraglutide were discontinued. Weight loss was 29% after 6 months and 38% after 1 year; however, glycemic improvement was less than expected: HbA …