tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Radcliffe should stop doing children's heart surgery, review recommends
Authors: A. McGauran
Journal: BMJ (2010)

An NHS review of children’s congenital heart services in England has made an interim recommendation that cardiac surgery should no longer be carried out at the John Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford.

The recommendation was made after a meeting on Friday 14 October of the steering group of the NHS safe and sustainable review team, which is considering how to deliver high quality children’s congenital cardiac services. It is chaired by Patricia Hamilton, president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. 

The team had considered an independent assessment led by Ian Kennedy, emeritus professor of health law at University College London, of all 11 hospitals in England that provide children’s heart surgery services. …
The Nuremberg Code, informed consent, and involuntary treatment
Authors: N. Borelli
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To  Editor.  —The Editorial by Dr Grodin and Mr Annas1is a compilation of  wrongdoings of  Nazi physicians, including  Nazi view that certain racial and ethnic groups are subhuman and then using that view as an excuse to manipulate those groups; their agreement to treat  racial sickness that threatened  health of Germanvolk; and their medicalization of social and political problems. Although  authors state that the fact that we are not Nazis does not mean we are immune from seduction by social, political, and economic organizations that seek to corrupt medicine for their own agendas, they fail to even mention  most flagrant violation of  first Nuremberg principle that exists in US medicine today: The voluntary consent of  human subject is absolutely essential.2The US law and organized medicine still practice involuntary intervention of  mentally ill. Nuremberg's principles
Suppression of immune complex-induced inflammation by the chemotactic factor inactivator.
Authors: K J Johnson, T P Anderson, P A Ward
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1977)

Small amounts (10(-10) mol) of purified human chemotactic factor inactivator (CFI) suppress leukocytic infiltration, permeability changes, and hemorrhage associated with acute immune complex-induced injury in rats. The reversed passive dermal Arthus reaction and acute immune complex-induced alveolitis in rats have served as the model systems of inflammation. The mechanism of inhibition does not appear to relate to interference with formation and deposition of immune complexes, or with fixation of complement in vitro or iv vivo. Human CFI inhibits in vitro the chemotactic activity generated in complement-activated rat serum. The inhibitory effects of human CFI are not seen if it is first heat inactivated. The data provide the first direct support for the conclusion that CFI has anti-inflammatory activity.
PTU-189 Accuracy of Simtomax Rapid Coeliac Screening Test Compared with Elisa TTG Assay and Duodenal Biopsy: Abstract PTU-189 Table 1
Authors: D McClements, R Rivera-Forrester, F Horsted, C Murphy, C Probert, S Subramanian
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Point-of-care testing kits are now available for coeliac disease (CD). Simtomax® is a rapid screening test which detects IgA deficiency as well as IgA and IgG antibodies to deamidated gliadin peptide (DGP). We evaluated the performance of the Simtomax® rapid screening test for CD against routine lab ELISA tTG testing and histologically confirmed CD. <h3>Methods</h3> A retrospective study of 191 patients who underwent CD serological testing at the Royal Liverpool University Hospital was carried out. Electronic casenotes were interrogated to identify serology, endoscopy and histology results. The saved serum was tested using the Simtomax® test kit as per the manufacturer’s instructions. Any Simtomax® test that was incongruous with ELISA or biopsy results was re-tested. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predicitive values (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) were calculated for Simtomax® and compared to histology and tTG ELISA. <h3>Results</h3> All 191 patients underwent ELISA testing. Twenty six (13.6%) patients had positive ELISA testing; of these the Simtomax® test was positive in 20 patients and negative in 6. One hundred and sixty five (86.4%) patients had negative ELISA testing; of these Simtomax® was negative in 164 patients and positive in 1. Using ELISA as the gold standard the sensitivity of the Simtomax test was 77% (95% CI 56–90%), specificity 99% (96–99%), PPV 95% (76–99%) and NPV 96% (92–99%). Forty four patients underwent gastroscopy and duodenal biopsy. 15 patients had histological evidence of CD, of these Simtomax® test was positive in 11 patients and negative in 4; tTG ELISA was positive in all (median titre 58, range 7.8 to 80). Twenty nine patients had negative histology; of these all 29 Simtomax® tests were negative; tTG was negative in all except one patient. Using duodenal biopsy as the gold standard the sensitivity of Simtomax® was 73% (95% CI 45% &gt; 91%), specificity 100% (85% &gt; 100%), PPV 100% (68% &gt; 100%) and NPV 88% (71% &gt; 69%). No patients in the group were identified as having IgA deficiency by standard assay or Simtomax® testing. No false negative or false positive result was altered by re-testing. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The Simtomax® testing kit has good specificity but is limited by its low sensitivity. The findings of our pilot study argue against using Simtomax® testing to screen for CD. Further large scale studies correlating tTG and Simtomax® to histology are indicated. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
FDG Uptake in Brown Adipose Tissue Mimicking an Adrenal Metastasis: Source of False-Positive Interpretation
Authors: Madhusudhan P. Reddy, Mohan R. Ramaswamy
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) uptake of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) poses a significant challenge to positron emission tomography interpretation. BAT is not only localized to the supraclavicular areas, but is also seen in the neck, mediastinum, axillae, costovertebral junctions, and retrocrural and periadrenal regions. We illustrate a case of typical supraclavicular BAT uptake in association with a discrete right adrenal region focus. On repeat study after diazepam administration, both the supraclavicular and periadrenal uptake were abolished. BAT uptake is an important cause of false-positives; when typical supraclavicular BAT uptake is seen, abnormalities in other areas of BAT distribution should be viewed with caution.
DIET IN TYPHOID FEVER.
Authors: FREDERICK C. SHATTUCK
Journal: JAMA (1897)

When typhoid fever kills it does so either by perforation or exhaustion, the proportion of the former being estimated at 5 to 10 per cent. The main factors in producing the exhaustion which causes the death of at least nine-tenths of the fatal cases are toxemia, continued fever, diarrhea and vomiting and intestinal hemorrhage. The heart is ordinarily the best index of the presence and degree of exhaustion, and the most frequent serious pulmonary complication, hypostasis, in its various forms, degrees and consequences is the direct outgrowth of the cardiac weakness. Moreover typhoid fever is not short and sharp like pneumonia, but of long course, and usually attended with decided, often with very great wasting of the muscular and fatty tissues. Most of us are agreed that we are not as yet acquainted with any therapeutic measures which will either abort or very materially shorten the course of the disease.
Continuous positive airway pressure for asthma: not a big stretch?
Authors: S. Yim, J. J. Fredberg, A. Malhotra
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

Obesity increases the risk of both asthma and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). By compromising upper airway anatomy, obesity contributes to compromised pharyngeal mechanics and the development of OSA. The mechanisms for how obesity contributes to the development of asthma are less well understood. The association between obesity and asthma, however, is undeniable and to date over 30 articles have shown a relationship between the two 1, 2. Obesity has effects on both inflammation and airway mechanics, which may be important in asthma. For example, obesity has been associated with increased inflammatory cytokines and adipokines 3. The role of leptin, a hormone that decreases appetite and increases metabolism, has been of particular interest in obesity and asthma. Obese subjects have increased levels of leptin, suggesting leptin resistance, at least at the level of hypothalamic appetite regulation. Leptin has been found to be pro-inflammatory and in animal models it may increase airway hyperresponsiveness 4, 5.

However, the pro-inflammatory effects of obesity are not the only way in which obesity contributes to the development of asthma. The effect of obesity on lung mechanics may be just as or even more important. With obesity, lung volumes (especially functional residual capacity; FRC) decrease as a result of increased abdominal and chest wall pressure. Since airway calibre is a function of lung volume 6, 7, obesity contributes to smaller airway calibre. Smaller airway calibre is likely to unload the airway smooth muscle, increase actin–myosin cross-bridging and allow for increased shortening when activated 8, 9. Deep breathing has been found to be a potent bronchodilator by periodically stretching the airway smooth muscle and disturbing actin–myosin attachments, making contractions less forceful …
Seminoma Mimicking Epididymo-orchitis on Scrotal Scintigraphy
Authors: MANISH GOYAL, LAURENCE G. HANELIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Scrotal scintigraphy has no proved value in the diagnosis of testicular tumors. If performed, the appearance on dynamic and static images can vary, reflecting the relative vascularity and blood pool of the tumor mass. Sometimes, in a patient with acute testicular symptoms, the clinical picture and scintigraphic findings of increased perfusion and blood pool activity in a hypervascular testicular neoplasm can be mistaken for epididymo-orchitis, leading to a delay in diagnosis and treatment. The authors describe a patient with testicular seminoma whose clinical presentation and scrotal scintigraphic findings were compatible with epididymo-orchitis. This case highlights a potential pitfall of scrotal scintigraphy in differentiating a hypervascular testicular tumor from epididymo-orchitis. FIGURE 1Fig. 1: A 29-year-old man was examined in the emergency room in July 1997 for painful swelling of the left hemiscrotum for several days that had recently worsened. He denied any urinary symptoms or trauma. On examination, the left testis was firm, mildly enlarged, and only slightly tender. The epididymis was very tender. Results of urinalysis were negative. A radionuclide testicular scan was obtained. (A) The dynamic flow images from a Tc-99m pertechnetate scan show moderately increased blood flow to the left hemiscrotum. (B) Static images also show diffusely increased activity on the left side without a significant photopenic area. In conjunction with the patient’s clinical signs and symptoms, the scintigraphic findings were considered consistent with left epididymo-orchitis. The patient was discharged, given oral antibiotics, and told to see a urologist in 2 weeks.FIGURE 2Fig. 2: The patient did not follow-up with the urologist as advised. Nine months later, he again came to the emergency room with worsening tenderness in the left testicle for 1 week. The left hemiscrotum was now grossly enlarged and edematous, with increased warmth. The testicle could not be palpated separately. A Tc-99m pertechnetate testicular scan was again performed. (A) The dynamic flow images show increased perfusion to the left side. (B) The static images, obtained every 5 minutes, show diffusely increased activity in a significantly enlarged left scrotum. The left testis was only slightly photopenic compared with the surrounding scrotal area. Given the clinical history and presentation, the scan findings were interpreted as compatible with epididymo-orchitis. A few days later, the patient had an ultrasound that showed a large, solid left testicular mass. A left orchiectomy was performed. Histologic analysis revealed that the mass was a seminoma. Sometimes testicular neoplasms can mimic the clinical and scintigraphic features of inflammatory scrotal disease (1–3). This case emphasizes the importance of careful follow-up and further imaging when epididymo-orchitis is clinically suggested and compatible with scintigraphic findings in patients who have persistent scrotal enlargement and discomfort after adequate antibiotic therapy.
Arthritis in young children.
Authors: B M Ansell
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Arthritis in young childrenArthritis is not common in childhood and when it presents in a child aged under 5 years diagnosis may be difficult.The onset may be acute and associated with general illness, or subacute or insidious, with attention being drawn to the joints by swelling, often painless, or disinclination to use a limb.Bacterial infection should be suspected if a joint is hot, tense, and swollen, with all movements rigidly guarded in a child who is feverish, toxic, and in severe pain.Under 2 years of age the most common organism is Haemophilus influenzae, though in older children staphylococci or haemolytic streptococci are more usual.Early recognition and prompt treatment are essential if serious residual damage is to be avoided.'If more than one joint is affected hypogamma- globulinaemia or some other immune aberration should be looked for.Hypogammaglobulinaemia itself is often associated with a mild, recurrent arthritis affecting a few joints and starting at about the age of 3 years.It should be suspected in any child with a history of frequent infections in early life.Postinfective or reactive arthritis is most commonly due to an episode of diarrhoea.Young children rarely go on to develop a full Reiter's syndrome.Infective arthritis in infancy is a special problem; the most usual site is in the hip, with Staphylococcus aureus a common invader, though a wide range of bacteria have been reported as pathogens.The baby may appear ill, flaccid, rejecting or vomiting feeds, even cyanosed or convulsing, or relatively well with just a mild fever, some difficulty with feeds, or just failure to thrive.The baby is usually disinclined to move the joints; the hip tends to adopt a flexed and adducted position, and oedema appears around the adductors.2Irrespective of its mode of onset the most common age for presentation of juvenile chronic arthritis is between the first and fifth birthdays.3If the onset is with systemic illness it will need to be differentiated from the arthritis associated with viral infections, particularly those due to adenovirus.In adenovirus infections the patients, usually aged from 3 to 5 years, first develop pharyngitis and several days later a fever, a macular erythematous rash, and a symmetrical arthritis with the knees, wrists, and ankles the joints most usually affected; this subsides over four to six weeks.Cryoprecipitates containing IgA, IgM, IgG1, IgG3, C3, C4, and intact adenovirus virion in the acute stage provide evidence of the immune complex nature of the disease.4A self limiting episode of arthritis is occasionally seen in association with rubella, mumps, and chickenpox.5Other infections which can
PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF THE MULTICENTRIC, DOUBLE-BLINDED, RANDOMIZED, VESTASYNC II TRIAL
Authors: José de Ribamar Costa, Alexandre Abizaid, Ricardo Costa, Breno Almeida, Fausto Feres, Marcos Perim, Andrea Abizaid, Fábio S. Brito, Dimytri Siqueira, Rodolfo Staico, Luiz Fernando Tanajura, Amanda Sousa, J Eduardo Sousa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Tetany of the Newborn Associated with Maternal Parathyroid Adenoma
Authors: Hans Hartenstein, Lytt I. Gardner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

THERE have been a few cases recorded in which infants born to mothers with parathyroid adenoma have shown tetany early in life. The first observation of this was made by Friderichsen,1 , 2 who reported in 1938 the occurrence of hypocalcemic tetany in a breast-fed infant, five months of age, whose diet had recently been supplemented with cow's milk. The infant recovered when calcium was added to the diet, but the serum calcium level did not return to normal until two months later. The mother showed hypercalcemia, renal calcification and the bone changes of hyperparathyroidism. Removal of a parathyroid adenoma was followed . . .
PREPARATION AND TRANSFUSION OF SAFE UNIVERSAL BLOOD
Authors: ERNEST WITEBSKY
Journal: JAMA (1941)

The use of  belonging to group O as  blood has been practiced for many years. With the rapid increase of the number of transfusions, it has become evident that the transfusion of universal  is not as safe a procedure as was originally believed. The  cells of group O cannot be responsible for reactions following a transfusion of universal  because, with rare exceptions, they are not agglutinated by any kind of human serum at body temperature. The reactions obtained are attributed by many authors to the  plasma of the donor containing the isoagglutinins anti-A (a) and anti-B (β). In the majority of cases the titer of these agglutinins is not high enough to cause trouble, but in some instances the titer may be high or even extremely high. Cases have been reported in which there are titers occasionally reaching 500 and more. Justification for the
Water-soluble cationic poly(ferrocenylsilane): An efficient DNA condensation and transfection agent
Authors: Z.Y. Zhong, C. Lin, Y. Ma, M.A. Hempenius, M.C. Lok, M.M. Fretz, J.F.J. Engbersen, G.J. Vancso, W.E. Hennink, J. Feijen
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2006)
Broad-spectrum antivirals for the emerging Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
Authors: Jasper F.W. Chan, Kwok-Hung Chan, Richard Y.T. Kao, Kelvin K.W. To, Bo-Jian Zheng, Clara P.Y. Li, Patrick T.W. Li, Jun Dai, Florence K.Y. Mok, Honglin Chen, Frederick G. Hayden, Kwok-Yung Yuen
Journal: Journal of Infection (2013)
Adhesion of washed blood platelets in vitro is advanced, accelerated, and enlarged by oxidized low‐density lipoprotein
Authors: B. Zhao, C. H. Rickert, T. J. Filler, B. Liu, P. F. J. Verhallen, R. Dierichs
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

Abstract In order to study the influence of oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (Ox‐LDL) on platelet functional morphology at an early activation stage, washed human blood platelets were stimulated by 100 μg/ml Ox‐LDL at 37°C. The settling and spreading process of stimulated and unstimulated platelets on Formvar‐coated glass was observed for approximately 20 min by reflection contrast microscopy (RCM) and quantified by image analysis. Each group consisted of at least 250 platelets. The results show that incubation with Ox‐LDL causes platelet shape change and pseudopodia formation. The sedimentation of stimulated platelets precedes that of unstimulated platelets by approximately 3 min. The increase of the total adhesion area of all Ox‐LDL treated platelets is significantly accelerated in comparison to normal platelets (20.45 μm 2 /min vs. 15.45 μm 2 /min; P &lt; 0.01). The mean total adhesion area of Ox‐LDL‐treated platelets was generally larger than that of untreated platelets (189.7 μm 2 vs. 144.7 üm 2 ; P &lt; 0.01). The disappearance of intracellular granules after platelet activation, observed by RCM, is supported by transmission electron microscopy. Our results suggest that Ox‐LDL activates platelets and advances and accelerates their adhesion and thereby may contribute to pathological thrombosis and arteriosclerosis.
THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF SEBORRHEIC KERATOSES OF THE LIPS
Authors: RICHARD L. SUTTON
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The subject of seborrhea of the lip and its relationship to epithelioma has been admirably covered in a recent paper by Montgomery 1 of San Francisco, who also calls attention to the fact that concomitant functional hepatic embarrassment, chronic indigestion and the long-continued use of certain articles of food, particularly those rich in milk-fat, all have a deleterious influence on the skins of persons who are naturally predisposed to seborrhea.  The diseases commonly affecting the lips are relatively few in number. If one excludes lupus vulgaris and lupus erythematosus, both of which are comparatively rare in this region, at any rate in America, only six or seven disorders remain to be considered. Of these, pseudocolloid of the lips (Fordyce's disease), cheilitis glandularis apostematosa, cheilitis exfoliativa (Stelwagon's disease), seborrheic keratosis and epithelioma are the ones most frequently encountered. Of the general infections, syphilis is the most important.  Fordyce's 2 disease is
Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF)–dependent in vitro and in vivo proliferation and differentiation of all hematopoietic progenitor cells in hGM-CSF receptor transgenic mice
Authors: Ichiko Nishijima, Sumiko Watanabe, Tatsutoshi Nakahata, Ken-ichi Arai
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1997)
Cancer immunotherapy targeting Sp17: When should the laboratory findings be translated to the clinics?
Authors: Alisher R. Dadabayev, Zhiqing Wang, Yana Zhang, Jian Zhang, William R. Robinson, Seah H. Lim
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

Despite advances in chemotherapeutic agents, the prognosis for some cancers remains extremely poor, suggesting the need for other treatment modalities. Immunotherapy appears an ideal approach because the mechanisms of tumor cell killing induced by tumor vaccines are different from those from chemotherapy. Various investigations are ongoing to identify suitable targets for this purpose. Sperm protein 17 (Sp17) was originally identified by our group as a novel cancer-testis antigen in various malignancies, including multiple myeloma. Sp17 is a highly immunogenic protein and the observation that more than 90% of vasectomized males develop immunity against Sp17 suggests the opportunity and safety of Sp17 for tumor vaccines. Recent works by other workers suggest a low level of expression of Sp17 in some normal tissues, and investigators have questioned whether Sp17 is in fact a suitable target for immunotherapy. In this paper, we review the general principles of immunotherapy and provide evidence supporting the highly immunogenic nature of Sp17. We also address the discrepancies between the objectives of oncologists involved in treating cancer patients and their familiarity with acceptable levels of toxicity of any effective therapy and those of pure laboratory-based investigators. Finally, we present some early clinical data supporting the rationale for further investigations of Sp17 for tumor vaccines.
Diastolic dysfunction and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in children with meningococcal sepsis
Authors: Fauzia Paize, Niten Makwana, Paul B. Baines, Richard Sarginson, Denise J. Kitchener, Helen Michaels, Alistair P. J. Thomson, Sally Eagle, Peter Diggle, C. Anthony Hart, Christopher M. Parry
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2013)
Review of the Evidence and Qualifications Regarding the Effects of Hallucinogenic Drugs on Chromosomes and Embryos
Authors: B. KENT HOUSTON
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

Laboratory studies of the effects of hallucinogenic drugs on chromosomes and developing embryos are reviewed. The author concludes that at present there is no adequate evidence that these drugs cause chromosomal damage in vivo or adversely affect progeny as a result of chromosomal changes. However, these drugs when taken early (but not late) in pregnancy appear to have a teratogenic effect.
Phase II Study of Gefitinib, an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), and Celecoxib, a Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Inhibitor, in Patients with Platinum Refractory Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Shirish M. Gadgeel, John C. Ruckdeschel, Elisabeth I. Heath, Lance K. Heilbrun, Raghu Venkatramanamoorthy, Antoinette Wozniak
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)