tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Phase II Study of Pazopanib in Asian Patients with Recurrent/Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Wan-Teck Lim, Quan-Sing Ng, Percy Ivy, Swan-Swan Leong, Onkar Singh, Balram Chowbay, Fei Gao, Choon Hua Thng, Boon-Cher Goh, Daniel Shao-Weng Tan, Tong San Koh, Chee-Keong Toh, Eng-Huat Tan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is endemic in Asia and angiogenesis is important for growth and progression. We hypothesized that pazopanib would have antiangiogenic activity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Experimental Design: A single arm monotherapy study of pazopanib in patients with WHO type II/III nasopharyngeal carcinoma who had metastatic/recurrent disease and failed at least one line of chemotherapy. A Simon's optimal 2-stage design was used. Patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0-2 and adequate organ function were treated with pazopanib 800 mg daily on a 21-day cycle. The primary endpoint was clinical benefit rate (CR/PR/SD) achieved after 12 weeks of treatment. Secondary endpoints included toxicity and progression-free survival. Exploratory studies of dynamic-contrast enhanced computed tomography (DCE-CT) paired with pharmacokinetics (PK) of pazopanib was done. Results: Thirty-three patients were accrued. Patients were ECOG 0-1 with median age of 50 years (range 36–68). There were 2 (6.1%) partial responses, 16 (48.5%) stable disease, 11 (33.3%) progressive disease, 4 (12.1%) were not evaluable for response. The clinical benefit rate was 54.5% (95% CI: 38.0–70.2). Ten patients (30.3%) received more than 6 cycles (4 months) of treatment and 7 (21.2%) had PR/SD that lasted at least 6 months. One patient each died from epistaxis and myocardial infarction. Common grade 3/4 toxicities included fatigue (15.2%), hand-foot syndrome (15.2%), anorexia (9.1%), diarrhea (6.1%), and vomiting (6.1%). Serial DCE-CT scans show significant reductions in tumor blood flow, permeability surface area product, and fractional intravascular blood volume. Conclusion: Pazopanib showed encouraging activity in heavily pretreated nasopharyngeal carcinoma with an acceptable toxicity profile. Clin Cancer Res; 17(16); 5481–9. ©2011 AACR.
Improved combination chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer.
Authors: J A Levi, D N Dalley, R S Aroney
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Thirty-five patients with advanced-stage metastatic or unresectable gastric adenocarcinoma were given combination chemotherapy consisting of fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and 1,3-bis (2-chlorbethyl)-1-nitrosourea. Two patients achieved complete remission and 16 partial remission to give an overall response rate of 52%. Six further patients (17%) had stable disease, while in 11 (31%) the disease showed clear-cut progression despite treatment. The only pretreatment factors that suggested poor prognosis were poor initial patient performance and the stomach as the predominant site of disease. Patients responding to treatment had a significantly longer time to relapse (median 48 weeks) than patients with stable disease (median 16 weeks) and a significantly improved survival time (medians, 52 weeks with 30% of patients' living at 88 weeks and 32 weeks with all dead at 64 weeks respectively). Comparing these results with those in other reports indicated that the three-drug combination chemotherapy consisting of fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and either a nitrosourea or mitomycin was superior to single and two-drug regimens and currently represents the optimum treatment for advanced-stage gastric cancer. Gastric adenocarcinoma should now be considered to be a gastrointestinal malignancy that is relatively susceptible to chemotherapy, and studies of these improved chemotherapeutic regimens as post-surgical adjuvants may lead to further improvements in prognosis.
Bluefish-Associated Scombroid Poisoning
Authors: Paul Etkind
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Five persons who attended a medical conference developed symptoms suggestive of an intoxication after a common meal. Although the symptoms were recognized as typical of scombroid poisoning, no fish of the Scrombridae family had been served. However, food histories implicated bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix). The initially frozen bluefish had been improperly handled in storage and thawing. Elevated levels of histamine, putrescine, and cadaverine were detected in uncooked samples. This outbreak emphasizes that scombroid-type poisoning (1) can be caused by nonscombroid fish such as bluefish, (2) is probably more common than currently recognized, and (3) may become even more widespread as fish become a larger part of our diet. Physicians who work in conjunction with public health officials can help prevent additional cases and outbreaks.
Serum Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme in Leprosy and Coccidioidomycosis
Authors: JACK LIEBERMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme levels were found to be elevated in 71.4% of 42 leprosy patients, both treated and untreated, but in only one of 13 patients with disseminated coccidioidomycosis. The elevations with leprosy were present in association with each of the three major categories: lepromatous, borderline, or tuberculoid. Sulfone therapy had no immediate effect on the elevated serum levels, although long-term sulfone therapy appeared to result in lowering of the level. Corticosteroid therapy had a more immediate and dramatic effect on reducing the elevated angiotensin-converting enzyme level in leprosy. This assay cannot distinguish between sarcoidosis and leprosy or between the various categories of leprosy, but it can help differentiate sarcoidosis from fungal or tuberculous disease. Elevated levels of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme have now been associated with three disease states: sarcoidosis, Gaucher's disease, and leprosy.
Clinical Misconceptions Dispelled by Epidemiological Research
Authors: William B. Kannel
Journal: Circulation (1995)

The epidemiological approach to investigation of cardiovascular disease was innovated in 1948 by Ancel Keys' Seven Countries Study and T.R. Dawber's Framingham Heart Study. Conducted in representative samples of the general population, these investigations provided an undistorted perception of the clinical spectrum of cardiovascular disease, its incidence and prognosis, the lifestyles and personal attributes that predispose to cardiovascular disease, and clues to pathogenesis. The many insights gained corrected numerous widely held misconceptions derived from clinical studies. It was learned, for example, that the adverse consequences of hypertension do not derive chiefly from the diastolic pressure, left ventricular hypertrophy was not an incidental compensatory phenomenon, and small amounts of proteinuria were more than orthostatic trivia. Exercise was considered dangerous for cardiovascular disease candidates; smoking, cholesterol, and a fatty diet were regarded as questionable promoters of atherosclerosis. The entities of sudden death and unrecognized myocardial infarction were not widely appreciated as prominent features of coronary disease, and the disabling and lethal nature of cardiac failure and atrial fibrillation was underestimated. It took epidemiological research to coin the term "risk factor" and dispel the notion that cardiovascular disease must have a single origin. Epidemiological investigation provided health professionals with multifactorial risk profiles to more efficiently target candidates for cardiovascular disease for preventive measures. Clinicians now look to epidemiological research to provide definitive information about possible predisposing factors for cardiovascular disease and preventive measures that are justified. As a result, clinicians are less inclined to regard usual or average values as acceptable and are more inclined to regard optimal values as "normal." Cardiovascular events are coming to be regarded as a medical failure rather than the first indication of treatment.
Diversity of human papillomavirus types in periungual squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: A. Kreuter, T. Gambichler, H. Pfister, U. Wieland
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

There is accumulating evidence that infections with certain high-risk alpha-human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are involved in the pathogenesis of digital squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and their precursor lesions (SCCs in situ).This study was initiated to search for alpha- and beta-HPV infections in a collective of SCC and SCC in situ located on the hands.HPV typing for 36 high-risk and low-risk alpha-HPV types and 25 beta-HPV types was performed in SCCs located at different sites of the hands. Additionally, immunohistochemical staining for p16(INK4a) and Ki67 was performed in 15 samples.In total, 25 SCCs/SCCs in situ (six periungual lesions, eight lesions from the proximal or lateral part of the finger, and 11 lesions from the dorsal part of the hand) were analysed for the presence of alpha- and beta-HPV types. Only one lesion (an SCC in situ positive for HPV11 and HPV31) of the dorsal hand and none of the proximal or lateral part finger lesions were alpha-HPV positive. In contrast, all six periungual lesions were alpha-HPV positive, and the majority (83%) of them carried HPV types other than HPV16 (HPV26, HPV33, HPV51, HPV56 and HPV73). beta-HPV types were found in only two biopsies. p16(INK4a) and Ki67 expression was significantly higher in HPV-positive lesions as compared with HPV-negative tumours, and both markers significantly correlated with each other.In contrast to other locations of the hands, periungual SCCs are frequently associated with alpha-HPV infections. Several high-risk HPV types other than HPV16 can induce periungual SCCs. Given the high recurrence rate and high proliferative activity of HPV-associated periungual SCCs, aggressive treatment and close follow-up of these tumours is mandatory.
The FGF system has a key role in regulating vascular integrity
Authors: Masahiro Murakami, Loc T. Nguyen, Zhen W. Zhang, Karen L. Moodie, Peter Carmeliet, Radu V. Stan, Michael Simons
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

The integrity of the endothelial monolayer is essential to blood vessel homeostasis and active regulation of endothelial permeability. The FGF system plays important roles in a wide variety of physiologic and pathologic conditions; however, its role in the adult vasculature has not been defined. To assess the role of the FGF system in the adult endothelial monolayer, we disrupted FGF signaling in bovine aortic endothelial cells and human saphenous vein endothelial cells in vitro and in adult mouse and rat endothelial cells in vivo using soluble FGF traps or a dominant inhibitor of all FGF receptors. The inhibition of FGF signaling using these approaches resulted in dissociation of the VE-cadherin/p120-catenin complex and disassembly of adherens and tight junctions, which progressed to loss of endothelial cells, severe impairment of the endothelial barrier function, and finally, disintegration of the vasculature. Thus, FGF signaling plays a key role in the maintenance of vascular integrity.
Financial Associations of Authors
Authors: Jeffrey M. Drazen, Gregory D. Curfman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Information published in medical journals helps shape diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. For a journal to be of value, it must publish authoritative, up-to-date information that is free of commercial influence. For nearly two decades, the editors of the New England Journal of Medicine, along with the editors of other journals, have set policies to ensure that the financial associations of authors are disclosed and that published articles are not influenced by those financial associations.1–9 These important editorial policies have raised awareness about conflict of interest in medical research and have helped prevent bias — and the appearance of bias . . .
Domiciliary consultations within the pain relief service
Authors: F F Casale, A Thorogood
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Scott, I have found that listening to each upper lung area is a reliable guide of tube placement in the trachea or, for that matter, right mainstem bronchus.This allows gentle easing back of the tube above the carina even without radiographic help.It is inappropriate to give to endotracheal intu- bation a mystique which might lead to its not being used on the very patients who need it most.
Honor, Home, Heritage, and HIV
Authors: Kartik K. Venkatesh
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

On Being a Doctor17 February 2009Honor, Home, Heritage, and HIVKartik K. Venkatesh, MDKartik K. Venkatesh, MDFrom Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-4-200902170-00012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail At 8 a.m., it was already 101 °F indoors. The waiting room, adorned with posters proclaiming the primacy of marital fidelity, was filled with couples whose physical appearance confirmed the clinical pattern I had come to examine every day. Sick men presented with advanced disease accompanied by their still-asymptomatic wives whose own disease status remained unknown. Patients camped out on the hospital grounds. Entire families came by bus and train to the big city a few times a year for treatment so that nobody back home would know about their disease. In the best of scenarios, their suffering remained an ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912.Corresponding Author: Kartik K. Venkatesh, MD, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Box G8488, Providence, RI 02912; e-mail, [email protected]edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byReducing Sexual Risk Behavior Among High-Risk Couples in Northern India 17 February 2009Volume 150, Issue 4Page: 277-278KeywordsChildrenFearHIVHIV infectionsHIV preventionMedical staffMemoryMotivationPediatric infectionsSexual identity ePublished: 17 February 2009 Issue Published: 17 February 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
THE CORRELATION OF VISUAL AND QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT FOR REGIONAL LV FUNCTION IN DOBUTAMINE STRESS ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY BY SPECKLE TRACKING AND AUTOMATED FUNCTION IMAGING
Authors: Karina A. Wierzbowska-Drabik, Piotr Lipiec, Michal Plewka, Jan Peruga, Lukasz Chrzanowski, Magorzata Kurpesa, Jaroslaw Kasprzak
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Medicine and Custom in Africa
Authors: Wayne Callaway
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Western doctors working in Africa have at best a sketchy knowledge of the social and cultural milieu in which they will practice. Furthermore, African medical schools have taught European medicine to their students. Not surprisingly, the "scientific" physician, steeped in this Western medicine, often fails where the local medicine man succeeds. For, as Professor Gelfand observes, "unless you approach your patients with understanding you will fail to win them over and as a result you will often be unable to cure them." To ameliorate this problem, the author presents this series of lectures on what he calls "medical anthropology"—"those aspects of African life which have a medical bearing." That these lectures were originally given to medical students does not diminish their value; they contain important facts and insights for anyone interested in African medicine. The author has a flair for relating the local circumstance to a broader historical and worldwide
A SUMMER'S EXPERIENCE WITH INFANTILE DYSENTERY.
Authors: J. H. MASON KNOX
Journal: JAMA (1904)

<h3>INTRODUCTORY.</h3> During the summer of 1902, C. W. Duval and V. H. Bassett, working in the laboratory of The Thomas Wilson Sanitarium under a grant from the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, were able to isolate the<i>Bacillus dysenteriœ</i>(Shiga) from the dejecta of 42 infants suffering from diarrheal disorders. A careful review of the histories of these patients<sup>1</sup>led to the conclusion that this series of cases were identical clinically with several well-recognized types of intestinal diseases prevalent among infants during the summer months, and that this organism was associated with a considerable proportion of cases of so-called summer diarrhea. It was then hoped that further investigation would confirm these findings and establish a connection between this bacillus, for several years known to produce intestinal diseases in adults, and this widespread yearly epidemic among young children. Last summer similar studies were carried on in several of our large cities,
Natural killer-mediated lysis of normal and malignant target cells, and its regulation by monocytes.
Authors: K Oshimi, Y Oshimi, M Satake, H Mizoguchi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

After depletion of monocytes, natural killer (NK) cells were partially purified from peripheral blood by Percoll density gradient sedimentation. The NK cells were then cultured for 1 d and assayed for their cytotoxicity against various types of normal and malignant target cells. All types of target cells tested were found to be susceptible to NK cells. The susceptible targets were autologous T and B lymphocytes, mitogen-induced T and B blasts, monocytes, large granular lymphocytes, autologous or allogeneic lymphoma and leukemia cells isolated from patients, and cultured cell lines, including those resistant to interferon-activated lymphocytes. Such a broad spectrum of cytotoxicity was demonstrated in 1 d of culture, and freshly prepared NK cells were not cytotoxic, or, if anything, were less cytotoxic. Monocytes and their supernatants, added throughout the course of culture, markedly inhibited the development of their cytotoxicity. These results may suggest that, although NK cells having ability to lyse autologous normal and malignant target cells are present in vivo, their lytic activity is regulated by coexisting monocytes.
DIABETES MELLITUS AND PYOGENIC SKIN INFECTIONS
Authors: H. M. C. Luykx
Journal: JAMA (1942)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The statistical validity of the article by Dr. John R. Williams entitled "Does Diabetes Mellitus Predispose the Patient to the Pyogenic Skin Infections?" published inThe Journal, April 18, seems highly questionable to me. I submitted the entire statistical calculations to the statistician in our Department of Preventive Medicine of New York University College of Medicine. He went over this material, and I am enclosing a copy of his letter to me. <h3>Dear Dr. Standard:—</h3> First, as to association between diabetes and skin infections, the author submits data from four separate sources: namely, two hospitals, one group of patients from four general practitioners and one group of his own patients. For only one of these four groups are the figures complete, and that group directly contradicts his statement: "From these data it is obvious that there is no significant etiologic relationship between pyogenic skin infections and diabetes."
Forward Surgeon: The Diary of Luther H. Wolff, M.D., Mediterranean Theater, World War II, 1943-45
Authors: Larry R. Kirkland
Journal: JAMA (1986)

As primary source material, this book is important to those interested in the medical and surgical history of World War II and the development of mobile army surgical hospital (MASH) units. On another level, it is an engrossing picture of what can be accomplished by ordinary persons when they are motivated, well trained, and thrust into extraordinary conditions. Before World War II, soldiers with severe abdominal or thoracic wounds were given minimal attention in the triage system and were simply "made comfortable" until they died. In 1942, the concept of mobile surgical hospitals working far forward in the division area was formulated. This led to four "auxiliary surgical groups." The first of these to see duty, the Second, included Luther H. Wolff, a 1933 graduate of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, whose postgraduate surgical training included five years at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Because these surgical
The Asthma Control Questionnaire as a clinical trial endpoint: past experience and recommendations for future use
Authors: P. J. Barnes, T. B. Casale, R. Dahl, I. D. Pavord, M. E. Wechsler
Journal: Allergy (2014)

Abstract The goal of asthma treatment is to control the disease according to guidelines issued by bodies such as the Global Initiative for Asthma. Effective control is dependent upon evaluation of symptoms, initiation of appropriate treatment and minimization of the progressive adverse effects of the disease and its therapies. Although individual outcome measures have been shown to correlate with asthma control, composite endpoints are preferred to enable more accurate and robust monitoring of the health of the individual patient. A number of validated instruments are utilized to capture these component endpoints; however, there is no consensus on the optimal instrument for use in clinical trials. The Asthma Control Questionnaire ( ACQ ) has been shown to be a valid, reliable instrument that allows accurate and reproducible assessment of asthma control that compares favourably with other commonly used instruments. This analysis provides a summary of the use of ACQ in phase II , III and IV asthma trials. Comparisons between the ACQ and other instruments are also presented. Our analysis suggests that the ACQ is a valid and robust measure for use as a primary or secondary endpoint in future clinical trials.
UNILATERAL STRIAE ATROPHICAE (STRIAE CUTIS DISTENSAE) OF THE THORAX.*
Authors: F. Parkes Weber
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1917)

lIiNihATKKAl-STIM.K ATKOrilK'K UK TIIK TIIOIJAX.247 similar pustular lesions have b(HMi met with in which the bacteriological examination revealed a (iram-negative dJplococcus in direct smear and ,tiMvino-a pure o-vowtli iii blood-agar, and morphologically similar to the gonococcus but rather smaller.Tlic organism was put throuo'h the suy'ars atid found to tifive an acid reaction without any gas formation in glucose, lactose and saccharose.
Correction: Journal Jubilee
Authors: S. S. B. GILDER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Comments and Correction1 February 1977Correction: Journal JubileeS. S. B. GILDER, M.D.S. S. B. GILDER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-2-247_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I was responsible for an error in my paper "Journal Jubilee" in the December issue (Ann Intern Med85:824-825, 1976). The first line should begin, "Fifty years . . ." and the second sentence should begin, "So perhaps theSouth African Medical Journalis justified in making something of its 50th Jubilee. . ."... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: S. S. B. GILDER, M.D.Affiliations: 110 Nuffield Street Rietondale, Pretoria 0002 Republic of South Africa PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1977Volume 86, Issue 2 Page: 247-247 ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1977 PDF downloadLoading ...