tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Management of Hypochondriacal Patients
Authors: Beverley T. Mead
Journal: JAMA (1965)

In terms of physician frustration, few patients are more difficult to treat than the demanding, fussy, chronic neurotic who confronts his doctor with an endless recital of functional complaints. Symptomatic treatment is often useless or deceptively temporary, and referral to a psychiatrist is resisted. Classic psychotherapeutic techniques, involving lengthy interviews with nondirective methods aimed at giving the patient insight into the emotional causes of his difficulty, are rarely effective. A technique which is more effective, time saving, and well within the abilities of any practicing physician, is a controlled, scheduled program wherein the physician may function more comfortably as a benevolent, but authoritative, person. The goal of such therapy, which is management rather than treatment, recognizes that such patients have established a chronic illness pattern that may be modified but cannot realistically be removed.
HIV infection of dendritic cells subverts the IFN induction pathway via IRF-1 and inhibits type 1 IFN production
Authors: Andrew N. Harman, Joey Lai, Stuart Turville, Shamith Samarajiwa, Lachlan Gray, Valerie Marsden, Sarah K. Mercier, Kate Jones, Najla Nasr, Arjun Rustagi, Helen Cumming, Heather Donaghy, Johnson Mak, Michael Gale, Melissa Churchill, Paul Hertzog, Anthony L. Cunningham
Journal: Blood (2011)
Death of children with head injury: Author's reply
Authors: P M Sharples
Journal: BMJ (1990)

to account for death.In contrast, in children with fewer injuries a pathologist will be searching for features to account for death and would be tempted to record the presence of gastric contents to reflect probable importance as a cause of death.It is potentially misleading to equate the presence of gastric contents in the airways at necropsy with appreciable hypoxia before death, without details of the quality of pathological examinations under- taken with respect to detailed neuropathology.
On laboratory problems in diagnosing mild von Willebrand's disease
Authors: M. Blombäck, P. Eneroth, O. Andersson, M. Anvret
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1992)

By providing some examples of variations in the levels of von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag), ristocetin cofactor, and Factor VIII during one month, the authors wish to emphasize the difficulty of diagnosing mild forms of von Willebrand's disease (vWD), especially type I. In three of 15 normal female volunteers the vWF:Ag levels, on some sampling occasions, were so low (0.25-0.30 IU/mL, normal greater than 0.50 IU/mL) that the diagnosis of vWD type I might be made while on other occasions normal levels were obtained. The coefficients of variation (CV) for vWF:Ag in these three women were 12%, 25%, and 43%. However, CVs of similar magnitude were also observed for "non-diseased" males and females. The ratio F VIII/vWF:Ag also varied greatly. In the three women with suspected vWD it was 36%, 15%, and 34%. A representative level for the entire cycle of vWF:Ag and ristocetin cofactor seems to have been obtained in the follicular phase and therefore it is suggested that in order to make the diagnosis of vWD type I, at least in females, blood samples should be taken in this phase.
Abstract 5316: Significant changes in D2-like dopamine gene receptors expression associated with non- small -cell lung cancer: A case control study.
Authors: Mojhgan Sheikhpour, Ghasem Ahangari, Majid Sadeghizadeh, Kian khodadad
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction : Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death and a major health problem worldwide. Approximately 75% of lung tumors are non - small - cell lung cancer (NSCLC) .The alterations of five different Dopamine receptor genes expression (DRD1,DRD2,DRD3,DRD4 and DRD5) in certain diseases of immune and nervous systems have been reported and play multiple role in various disorders such as cancer. Previous controlled studies demonstrated a relationship between changes in dopamine receptor gene expression profiles and clinical improvement. In the present study, it was hypothesized that the dopamine receptor gene expression profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in NSCLC patients could be different from those normal individuals which probably increases the risk of NSCLC. Material and methods: We investigated dopamine receptors gene expression changes in peripheral Blood Mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 30 NSCLC patients compared to normal individuals . The PBMC was separated from normal whole blood by Ficoll-hypaque and then the total cellular RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized, Real Time PCR was done By using primer pairs specific for five dopamine receptors mRNA and β-actin as internal control . Finally the specificities of the obtaine PCR products for the respective dopamine receptors fragments were comfirmed by sequencing and expression comparing of two group (patients and normal cases) was done by SPSS analysis .Results: the results show that DRD2, DRD3 and DRD4 expression changes profile were significant change in NSCLC patients compared to normal individuals . but DRD1,DRD5 genes didn't show any significant and changes . Conclusions: We conclude that there is a quantitative significant difference of D2-like dopamine receptor genes expression in non small cell lung cancer . On the other hand these significant differences and profiles could contribute in diagnosis, treatment and survey and monitoring of non small cell lung cancer .In addition it could be a lead for design of future therapeutic strategies Key words: Dopamine receptors - Non-small cell lung cancer - Gene expression Citation Format: Mojhgan Sheikhpour, Ghasem Ahangari, Majid Sadeghizadeh, Kian khodadad. Significant changes in D2-like dopamine gene receptors expression associated with non- small -cell lung cancer: A case control study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5316. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5316
Beyond GMENAC — Another Physician Shortage from 2010 to 2030?
Authors: E P Schloss
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Since publication of the 1981 report of the Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee (GMENAC),1 much attention has been focused on the current and future supply of physicians in the United States. The following analysis will suggest that the policy debate over the supply of physicians has been shortsighted and that important demographic, social, and economic shifts between now and the year 2010 could affect the supply of doctors dramatically, resulting in a shortage.The GMENAC report suggested that by the year 2000 there will be 144,700 too many physicians, or a ratio of 247 doctors to every 100,000 persons, . . .
The Complex World of Prescribing Behavior
Authors: C. David Naylor
Journal: JAMA (2004)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The data do not support the hypothesis
Authors: Anton Reiner
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

The position that Aboitiz et al. have taken on the regions of the stem amniote brain from which neocortex arose, and on homologies among telencephalic pallial regions in mammals and sauropsids, is premature. Nonetheless, if their intent is to promote thought, discussion, and experimentation on this important topic, then their paper is valuable.
Increased sensitivity of dopamine receptors and recurrence of affective psychosis after childbirth.
Authors: A Wieck, R Kumar, A D Hirst, M N Marks, I C Campbell, S A Checkley
Journal: BMJ (1991)

To test the hypothesis that affective psychosis after childbirth is associated with an altered sensitivity to dopaminergic stimulation.Prospective study of pregnant women at high risk of developing an affective psychosis after childbirth. Clinical assessments in pregnancy and after delivery were made by using a semistructured interview (schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia) and psychiatric illnesses were categorised according to operational criteria (research diagnostic criteria).Obstetric and psychiatric departments in and around Greater London.29 pregnant women with a history of bipolar or schizoaffective psychosis and 47 control pregnant women. Of these, 16 from each group participated in a growth hormone challenge test and the results for 15 women in each group were analysed.On the fourth day postpartum women participating in the hormone challenge test were given a subcutaneous injection of a small dose (0.005 mg/kg) of the dopamine agonist apomorphine.Growth hormone secretion in response to apomorphine as an index of the functional state of hypothalamic dopamine receptors.Eight of the 15 women at risk of psychosis subsequently had a recurrence of illness (five bipolar, one schizomanic, and two major depressive illnesses); these women had significantly greater growth hormone responses to apomorphine than the seven at risk women who remained well and the 15 controls, and there were no significant differences between groups in average baseline growth hormone concentrations. The mean (SD) concentrations for women with recurrence, women at risk who remained well, and control women respectively were: average baseline concentrations 1.06 (1.14), 1.44 (1.39), and 0.90 (1.34) mU/l; peak increase in concentrations 13.68 (12.95), 3.46 (4.68), and 3.40 (3.83) mU/l (between group difference p less than 0.05); average increase in concentrations 6.74 (7.01), 1.78 (3.39), and 1.40 (2.05) mU/l (p less than 0.05).The onset of affective psychosis after childbirth was associated with increased sensitivity of dopamine receptors in the hypothalamus and possibly elsewhere in the brain. Such changes may be triggered by the sharp fall in circulating oestrogen concentrations after delivery.
PERSISTENCE OF INSPIRED BACTERIA IN THE LUNGS OF ALCOHOLIZED MICE
Authors: Ernest G. Stillman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1924)

1. When mice are exposed to an atmosphere containing certain bacteria in the form of a fine mist, the bacteria may be recovered from the deeper respiratory passages. 2. Pneumococci which have reached the lungs of normal mice as a result of this procedure usually disappear within a few hours and give rise to no generalized infection. In mice intoxicated with alcohol, on the other hand, pneumococci persist in the lungs for a longer period and fatal speticemia frequently follows. 3. Hemolytic streptococci and Bacillus influenzæ generally persist in the lungs for about 24 hours. In intoxicated mice these organisms do not disappear so rapidly from the lungs and generalized infection is much more frequent. 4. The experiments yield no evidence as to how alcoholic intoxication renders the lungs more permeable to inspired bacteria.
Protecting the Privacy of Family Members in Survey and Pedigree Research
Authors: Jeffrey R. Botkin
Journal: JAMA (2001)

The recent controversy at Virginia Commonwealth University involving research ethics raises important and complex issues in survey and pedigree research. The primary questions are whether family members of survey respondents themselves become subjects of the project and if they are subjects whether informed consent must be obtained for investigators to retain private information on these individuals. This article provides an analysis of the ethical issues and regulatory standards involved in this debate for consideration by investigators and institutional review boards. The analysis suggests that strong protections for the rights and welfare of subjects and their family members can be incorporated into survey and pedigree research protocols without hindering projects with extensive consent requirements.
Modification of Vmax of canine cardiac Purkinje fibers and of the effects of lidocaine by SC-72-14.
Authors: Y Morikawa, H Meiri, W Spinelli, M R Rosen, R B Robinson
Journal: Circulation Research (1985)

We used standard microelectrode techniques to determine the effects of SC-72-14, a monoclonal antibody to the fast sodium channel, on the transmembrane potentials and Vmax of canine cardiac Purkinje fibers, and to study the interactions of the monoclonal antibody with lidocaine. SC-72-14 was prepared with receptor-rich membrane fragments of homogenized eel electroplax as the antigen. It reduced Vmax in a concentration-dependent fashion, and depressed membrane responsiveness, as well. These effects were attributable specifically to SC-72-14, and not to other substances in the vehicle. At slow rates of stimulation, the actions of SC-72-14 and lidocaine on Vmax equaled the sum of their effects, administered alone. These results are consistent with the interpretation that SC-72-14 and the local anesthetic did not compete for the same binding site. In contrast, at fast stimulation rates, the use-dependent blocking effects of lidocaine were suppressed by SC-72-14. The basis for the interference with the use-dependent action of lidocaine is not readily apparent, but may be the result of SC-72-14-induced changes in channel state, receptor affinity for drug, or the availability of ionized drug molecules. These possibilities all await further testing.
The Unknown Charles A. Lindbergh: Medical Scientist
Authors: Perry B. Hudson
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Exploits of the late Gen Charles Augustus Lindbergh are known to hundreds of millions of the world's population, and his lonely flight to Paris in 1927 is the hallmark of his courage.<sup>1,2</sup> Characteristically, Lindbergh filled an essential role in planning the pioneer world-encircling commercial air routes for the high-speed age in aviation that he foresaw and understood.<sup>3</sup> Somewhat later, Lindbergh's warnings of the Nazi fascist threat of a Second World War produced mixed emotions. The world was too torn by economic depression to tolerate the distraction of candor, or to appreciate the value of his guidance born of competence and conservatism.<sup>4</sup> For America, World War II spelled acute military necessities, cardinal among which were those associated with the use of aircraft. Once again, with high technical skill, and without fanfare, Lindbergh provided valuable assistance in the establishment of techniques for operating our most powerful
Characteristics and outcome of early-onset, severe forms of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Authors: Nizar Mahlaoui, Isabelle Pellier, Cécile Mignot, Jean-Philippe Jais, Chrystèle Bilhou-Nabéra, Despina Moshous, Bénédicte Neven, Capucine Picard, Geneviève de Saint-Basile, Marina Cavazzana-Calvo, Stéphane Blanche, Alain Fischer
Journal: Blood (2012)
Agenesis of the Thyroid
Authors: Charles K. Tashima
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent articles on unilateral agenesis of the thyroid gland<sup>1,2</sup>prompt us to report our recent experience. We were able to conclude from thyroid scan studies that asymptomatic agenesis of a single lobe was a reasonable diagnosis without surgical intervention. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 35-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital for fever, cough, and malaise of several days duration. Physical findings were not remarkable except for acrocyanosis and a few rales in the right upper chest. Chest roentgenograms revealed a small infiltrate in the right upper lobe. Treatment with tetracycline was started, and the pneumonia resolved over several days. She had received iodide therapy for six months at the age of 12 and again for a similar period at age 18. Menstrual history was normal. Her thyroxine levels were 9.7μ g and 8.1μg/100 ml (normal 4.0 to 11.0) and triidothyronine resin uptake 33% and
Progression of Cardiac Dysfunction in a Case of Mitochondrial Diabetes
Authors: Kanako Nishikai, Akira Shimada, Shiro Iwanaga, Taketo Yamada, Satoru Yamada, Tatsuya Ishii, Hiroshi Maruyama, Takao Saruta
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

Although there are some reports that have evaluated the correlation between mitochondrial tRNA(Leu) (UUR) mutation at position 3243 and cardiomyopathy, the degree of cardiac involvement in mitochondrial diabetes is still largely unknown. Here we report the case of a patient with mitochondrial diabetes who developed cardiac dysfunction, evaluated by echocardiography, along with worsening of glycemic control over a relatively short period, within a year.

In April 1997, a 22-year-old Japanese man presented to a medical practice because of thirst, polyuria, and body weight loss of ∼8 kg over a few months. Because blood testing revealed a high plasma glucose level (23.6 mmol/l), and because urine was positive for ketone bodies, he was immediately admitted to the hospital. After initial therapy with insulin for 5 months, he was mainly treated with oral hypoglycemic agents. In July 1998, his glycemic control worsened and he presented to our hospital; insulin therapy was restarted. Because his maternal grandmother and paternal uncle had diabetes and he complained of hearing impairment, he was thought to have “mitochondrial diabetes.” After obtaining informed consent from the patient, mutation of the mitochondrial gene was analyzed. In leukocytes, A→G transition at the nucleotide pair 3243 of the mitochondrial gene was detected. Although he had no cardiac symptoms, to rule out cardiac involvement, further investigations (i.e., electrocardiography, chest X-ray, and echocardiography) were performed. No abnormal findings …
MRC to fund more trials of complex treatments
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The UK Medical Research Council (MRC) plans to promote a broader range of clinical trials, moving away from a narrow focus on drug interventions to study complex treatments such as behavioural therapy.

The MRC, the UK's largest public sponsor of randomised controlled trials, will also fund more research into mental health, according to its new report on the future of clinical trials.

The report comes after an 18 month review of the MRC's work in promoting clinical research in Britain. Over 1000 questionnaires were sent to interested groups and organisations, 221 of which replied. Trials funded by the MRC in developing countries will be considered at a later date.

The organisation is considering …
Cachectin: More Than a Tumor Necrosis Factor
Authors: Bruce Beutler, Anthony Cerami
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1987)

THE metabolic impact of infectious and neoplastic disease states has long been known to clinicians.1 2 3 4 Invasive diseases may disrupt normal homeo-static mechanisms, both locally and systemically. For example, acute gram-negative infections frequently lead to profound metabolic acidosis and to biphasic changes in plasma glucose concentration, both seen in the context of hypotension, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and widespread tissue injury.5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Chronic infectious diseases, as well as neoplastic diseases, may provoke a severe wasting diathesis, in which negative calorie and nitrogen balance lead to death despite the absence of a large parasite or tumor burden.It was once widely believed that invasive . . .
Novel Theranostic Opportunities Offered by Characterization of Altered Membrane Lipid Metabolism in Breast Cancer Progression
Authors: Mika Hilvo, Carsten Denkert, Laura Lehtinen, Berit Müller, Scarlet Brockmöller, Tuulikki Seppänen-Laakso, Jan Budczies, Elmar Bucher, Laxman Yetukuri, Sandra Castillo, Emilia Berg, Heli Nygren, Marko Sysi-Aho, Julian L. Griffin, Oliver Fiehn, Sibylle Loibl, Christiane Richter-Ehrenstein, Cornelia Radke, Tuulia Hyötyläinen, Olli Kallioniemi, Kristiina Iljin, Matej Orešič
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Activation of lipid metabolism is an early event in carcinogenesis and a central hallmark of many cancers. However, the precise molecular composition of lipids in tumors remains generally poorly characterized. The aim of the present study was to analyze the global lipid profiles of breast cancer, integrate the results to protein expression, and validate the findings by functional experiments. Comprehensive lipidomics was conducted in 267 human breast tissues using ultraperformance liquid chromatography/ mass spectrometry. The products of de novo fatty acid synthesis incorporated into membrane phospholipids, such as palmitate-containing phosphatidylcholines, were increased in tumors as compared with normal breast tissues. These lipids were associated with cancer progression and patient survival, as their concentration was highest in estrogen receptor–negative and grade 3 tumors. In silico transcriptomics database was utilized in investigating the expression of lipid metabolism related genes in breast cancer, and on the basis of these results, the expression of specific proteins was studied by immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that several genes regulating lipid metabolism were highly expressed in clinical breast cancer samples and supported also the lipidomics results. Gene silencing experiments with seven genes [ACACA (acetyl-CoA carboxylase α), ELOVL1 (elongation of very long chain fatty acid–like 1), FASN (fatty acid synthase), INSIG1 (insulin-induced gene 1), SCAP (sterol regulatory element–binding protein cleavage–activating protein), SCD (stearoyl-CoA desaturase), and THRSP (thyroid hormone–responsive protein)] indicated that silencing of multiple lipid metabolism–regulating genes reduced the lipidomic profiles and viability of the breast cancer cells. Taken together, our results imply that phospholipids may have diagnostic potential as well as that modulation of their metabolism may provide therapeutic opportunities in breast cancer treatment. Cancer Res; 71(9); 3236–45. ©2011 AACR.
Urinary N-Acetyl-β-D-Glucosaminidase Activity Does Not Predict Development of Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Carl-David Agardh, Gustav Tallroth, Björn Hultberg
Journal: Diabetes Care (1987)

Urinary activity of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) has been suggested as a marker for diabetic nephropathy. In this study, urinary activity of NAG was measured with an interval of 5 yr in 36 insulin-dependent diabetic subjects to evaluate its predictive value for development of diabetic nephropathy. During the observation period, 9 patients developed detectable signs of diabetic nephropathy. In these patients, urinary albumin concentration had increased to 503 +/- 185 mg/L, compared to 16 +/- 1 mg/L in patients without nephropathy (P less than .01; means +/- SE), and the fractional albumin excretion rate was 0.21 +/- 0.07 X 10(-3), compared to 0.01 +/- 0.00 X 10(-3) (P less than .01). However, the activity of urinary NAG was not different in these patients compared with the patients without nephropathy (0.69 +/- 0.15 and 0.61 +/- 0.09 U/mmol creatinine, respectively). Furthermore, no increase in the activity of urinary NAG was seen during the observation period in either group. We concluded that the urinary activity of NAG is not related to the development of microalbuminuria and therefore cannot be used as a predictor for the development of diabetic nephropathy.