tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Blood Lead Concentration and Delayed Puberty in Girls
Authors: Sherry G. Selevan, Deborah C. Rice, Karen A. Hogan, Susan Y. Euling, Andrea Pfahles-Hutchens, James Bethel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Environmental lead exposure has been linked to alterations in growth and endocrine function. It is not known whether such exposure affects pubertal development.
Improvement of neuropathology and transcriptional deficits in CAG 140 knock-in mice supports a beneficial effect of dietary curcumin in Huntington's disease
Authors: Miriam A Hickey, Chunni Zhu, Vera Medvedeva, Renata P Lerner, Stefano Patassini, Nicholas R Franich, Panchanan Maiti, Sally A Frautschy, Scott Zeitlin, Michael S Levine, Marie-Françoise Chesselet
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2012)

Abstract Backgound No disease modifying treatment currently exists for Huntington's disease (HD), a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the formation of amyloid-like aggregates of the mutated huntingtin protein. Curcumin is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound with Congo red-like amyloid binding properties and the ability to cross the blood brain barrier. CAG140 mice, a knock-in (KI) mouse model of HD, display abnormal aggregates of mutant huntingtin and striatal transcriptional deficits, as well as early motor, cognitive and affective abnormalities, many months prior to exhibiting spontaneous gait deficits, decreased striatal volume, and neuronal loss. We have examined the ability of life-long dietary curcumin to improve the early pathological phenotype of CAG140 mice. Results KI mice fed a curcumin-containing diet since conception showed decreased huntingtin aggregates and increased striatal DARPP-32 and D1 receptor mRNAs, as well as an amelioration of rearing deficits. However, similar to other antioxidants, curcumin impaired rotarod behavior in both WT and KI mice and climbing in WT mice. These behavioral effects were also noted in WT C57Bl/6 J mice exposed to the same curcumin regime as adults. However, neither locomotor function, behavioral despair, muscle strength or food utilization were affected by curcumin in this latter study. The clinical significance of curcumin's impairment of motor performance in mice remains unclear because curcumin has an excellent blood chemistry and adverse event safety profile, even in the elderly and in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Conclusion Together with this clinical experience, the improvement in several transgene-dependent parameters by curcumin in our study supports a net beneficial effect of dietary curcumin in HD.
TGF-β and retinoic acid induce the microRNA miR-10a, which targets Bcl-6 and constrains the plasticity of helper T cells
Authors: Hayato Takahashi, Tomohiko Kanno, Shingo Nakayamada, Kiyoshi Hirahara, Giuseppe Sciumè, Stefan A Muljo, Stefan Kuchen, Rafael Casellas, Lai Wei, Yuka Kanno, John J O'Shea
Journal: Nature Immunology (2012)
Drugs and Liver Injury
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Haemodynamic and endocrine effects of type 1 angiotensin II receptor blockade in patients with hypoxaemic cor pulmonale
Authors: D Kiely
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1997)

Objectives: Angiotensin II (ANG II) is known to be a potent vasoconstrictor agent in the pulmonary circulation. Furthermore, type 1 ANG II receptor blockade with losartan attenuates acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in normal subjects. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the haemodynamic and endocrine sequelae of type 1 ANG II receptor blockade in patients with hypoxaemic cor pulmonale. Methods: Nine patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) age 67 ± 3 years with pulmonary hypertension and normal left ventricular systolic function were studied on two separate occasions in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. They were randomised to receive either 50 mg of oral losartan or matched placebo. Pulsed wave Doppler echocardiography was used to measure cardiac output (CO), mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) and hence systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and total pulmonary vascular resistance (TPR). Haemodynamic measurements and venous blood samples were taken at baseline and after 2 and 4 h. Results: Maximal effects were observed at 4 h where losartan compared to placebo resulted in a significant reduction in both MPAP (28.6 ± 2.0 vs 32.4 ± 1.5 mmHg) and TPR (428 ± 40 vs 510 ± 40 dyn·s·cm−5), respectively. Similarly losartan compared to placebo resulted in a significant reduction in MAP (87 ± 4.5 vs 93 ± 3.2 mmHg) and SVR (1293 ± 94 vs 1462 ± 112 dyn·s·cm−5), and significantly increased CO (5.58 ± 0.43 vs 5.31 ± 0.42 l/min). In addition, plasma aldosterone was significantly lower after treatment with losartan compared to placebo: 76 ± 23 vs 164 ± 43 pg/ml respectively. Conclusions: Thus, selective type 1 ANG II receptor blockade appears to have beneficial pulmonary and endocrine effects, suggesting a possible therapeutic role in the management of hypoxaemic cor pulmonale.
Economic Evaluation of Neonatal Intensive Care of Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants
Authors: Michael H. Boyle, George W. Torrance, John C. Sinclair, Sargent P. Horwood
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

We evaluated the economic aspects of neonatal intensive care of very-low-birth-weight infants, using outcomes and costs of care before and after the introduction of a regional neonatal-intensive-care program. Neonatal intensive care increased both survival rates and costs. For newborns weighing 1000 to 1499 g, the cost (in 1978 Canadian dollars) was $59,500 per additional survivor, $2,900 per life-year gained, and $3,200 per quality-adjusted life-year gained; intensive care resulted in a net economic gain when figures were undiscounted but a net economic loss when future costs, effects, and earnings were discounted at 5 per cent per annum. For infants weighing 500 to 999 g, the corresponding costs were $102,500 per additional survivor, $9,300 per life-year gained, and $22,400 per quality-adjusted life-year gained; intensive care resulted in a net economic loss. By every measure of economic evaluation, the impact of neonatal intensive care was more favorable among infants weighing 1000 to 1499 g than among those weighing 500 to 999 g. A judgment concerning the relative economic value of neonatal intensive care of very-low-birth-weight infants requires a comparison with other health programs.
Tumor Angiogenesis: A New Significant and Independent Prognostic Indicator in Early-Stage Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Noel Weidner, Judah Folkman, Franco Pozza, Pierantonio Bevilacqua, Elizabeth N. Allred, Dan H. Moore, Salvatore Meli, Giampietro Gasparini
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Journal Article Tumor Angiogenesis: A New Significant and Independent Prognostic Indicator in Early-Stage Breast Carcinoma Get access Noel Weidner, Noel Weidner Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Judah Folkman, Judah Folkman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Franco Pozza, Franco Pozza Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Pierantonio Bevilacqua, Pierantonio Bevilacqua Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Elizabeth N. Allred, Elizabeth N. Allred Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Dan H. Moore, Dan H. Moore Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Salvatore Meli, Salvatore Meli Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Giampietro Gasparini Giampietro Gasparini Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 84, Issue 24, 16 December 1992, Pages 1875–1887, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/84.24.1875 Published: 16 December 1992 Article history Received: 28 May 1992 Revision received: 21 September 1992 Accepted: 22 September 1992 Published: 16 December 1992
The effect of norepinephrine on aortic 42K turnover during deoxycorticosterone acetate hypertension and antihypertensive therapy in the rat.
Authors: A W Jones, P D Sander, D L Kampschmidt
Journal: Circulation Research (1977)

We studied the effects of norepinephrine on 42K turnover in aorta isolated from rats. The rats were given saline to drink and were made hypertensive by injections of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOC). Other groups of rats received in addition either 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH-DA) or a regimen of antihypertensives (Anti-Hy) consisting of reserpine, hydrochlorothiazide, and hydralazine. The weight, length, wall thickness, and circumference of the aorta also were measured. DOC hypertension was associated with increased 42K turnover (rate constant for DOC = 0.0164 +/- 0.0009 vs. 0.0090 +/- 0.0002 min-1 in controls). The responses of 42K turnover to low doses of norepinephrine (NE) were increased in DOC with an ED50 of 3.5 +/- 0.8 X 10(-9) vs. 2.7 +/- 0.5 X 10(-8) M in controls. The aortic weight, weight/length, and wall thickness were also increased. Rats treated with DOC plus 6-OH-DA had lower blood pressure and smaller changes in aortic dimensions; however 42K turnover and response to NE were similar to those of the DOC group. The Anti-Hv group exhibited only small increase in 42K turnover and aortic dimensions when compared to controls. It is concluded that DOC hypertension is associated with increased response of 42K turnover to NE which in turn may contribute to increased responses reported for contraction. The Anti-Hy regimen was more effective than 6-OH-DA in reducing the increased 42K turnover and response to NE associated with DOC hypertension.
Abstract 3690: Development of a cell based high-throughput assay for drug discovery to treat ovarian cancer
Authors: Ahmet D. Arslan, Xiaolong He, William T. Beck
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract PTBP1 (polypyrimidine tract-binding protein, PTB) is a 59.6-kD nuclear protein involved in pre-mRNA splicing. Its molecular functions include regulation of alternative splicing (AS) and internal ribosomal entry site (IRES)-mediated translation. Our previous work revealed that PTB was overexpressed in human ovarian tumors and that knockdown of PTB expression by shRNA impaired ovarian tumor cell growth and malignant properties in vitro (Oncogene 26:4961-68, 2007). We have also observed slower tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model of ovarian cancer when PTB was knocked down (unpublished). These data suggest that PTB is a novel therapeutic target. To attempt to identify small molecules that have potential to act as shRNA and inhibit PTB, we have designed a cell-based high-throughput screening (HTS) system that allows fast and reliable detection of small molecule inhibitors of PTB protein activity that have potential to alter mRNA splicing. Our approach is based on differential splicing of a PTB target gene (identified by microarray analysis) at different levels of PTB activity in the cell. We have subcloned exons 14 - 16 of one of these PTB targets, Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor 1 (GABBR1, upstream of two different fluorescent markers; the resulting two minigenes were designated “Gred” [short form], and “Ggreen” [long form]). We further verified that the splicing of the minigenes is dependent on the PTB level in the cells. We are presently establishing stable reporter cell lines expressing both minigenes, and validating their compatibility for HTS assay by measuring the stability of fluorescence protein expression over time and response to known PTB inhibitory stimuli (e.g. PTBshRNA). Optimization for HTS includes testing cell seeding density, DMSO tolerance, pilot experiments with specific chemical libraries, data analyses, and verification of “hits” in vitro, followed by pilot HTS with small libraries of chemical diversity to determine if any of these agents will block the activity of PTB. Since overexpressed PTB plays an integral part in maintaining ovarian tumor cell growth and malignant properties, identification of small molecule PTB inhibitors by this approach may uncover novel drugs for the treatment of ovarian and possibly other cancers. (Support in part by grants RO1 CA40570 and RO1 CA138762 (to WTB), by OCRF (to XH), and by UIC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3690.
US focus on new psychiatric disorders is distracting attention from tackling global mental health problems
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A “crisis of confidence” in psychiatry in the United States risks contaminating global efforts to combat mental health disorders, says a World Health Organization adviser.

Vikram Patel, a member of WHO’s expert advisory group on mental health, said that a controversial US review of psychiatric diagnoses was distracting professionals from tackling the extensive mental health needs of people in low and middle income countries.

He highlighted fears over the “medicalisation of human nature,” saying, “I am watching this debate with grave concern. My biggest worry is that it will be a barrier to improving mental health problems globally.”

Dr Patel is professor of international mental health and Wellcome Trust senior research fellow in clinical science at the Centre for Global Mental Health, which is based at the London School of Hygiene and …
Contemporary Biomedical Ethics
Authors: Daniel Callahan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

THE resurgence of biomedical ethics has been a striking phenomenon of the past decade. Although ethics has, of course, always had a role in the practice of medicine, only in recent years has it become a subject of intense interest and controversy. Moreover, this interest has affected a variety of other fields as well, in particular, philosophy, religion, the social sciences, and law. The superficial reasons for the fresh interest are obvious and need not be elaborated on. Seen narrowly, they include a variety of difficult moral dilemmas facing medical practitioners, patients, and the health-care delivery system. Seen broadly, they . . .
Incidence, natural history, and risk factors for biliary sludge and stones during pregnancy
Authors: Cynthia W. Ko, Shirley A. A. Beresford, Scott J. Schulte, Alvin M. Matsumoto, Sum P. Lee
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Gallstones are strongly associated with higher parity in women. This study prospectively assessed the incidence, natural history, and risk factors for biliary sludge and stones during pregnancy and the postpartum in 3,254 women at an army medical center. Women with a prior cholecystectomy or with stones at their first study ultrasound were excluded. Gallbladder ultrasound and subject questionnaires were obtained in each trimester and at 4 to 6 weeks postpartum. Serum glucose, lipids, insulin, leptin, estradiol, and progesterone were measured at 26 to 28 weeks' gestation. A nested case-control study was done to examine the effects of serum leptin and insulin on incident gallbladder disease. At least two study ultrasounds were available for 3,254 women. Sludge or stones had been found on at least one study ultrasound in 5.1% by the second trimester, 7.9% by the third trimester, and 10.2% by 4 to 6 weeks postpartum. Regression of sludge and stones was common, such that overall 4.2% had new sludge or stones on the postpartum ultrasound. Twenty-eight women (0.8%) underwent cholecystectomy within the first year postpartum. Prepregnancy body mass index was a strong predictor of incident gallbladder disease (P < .001). Serum leptin was independently associated with gallbladder disease (odds ratio per 1 ng/dL increase, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01, 1.11), even after adjusting for body mass index. In conclusion, incident gallbladder sludge and stones are common in pregnancy and the postpartum, and cholecystectomy is frequently done within the first year postpartum. Prepregnancy obesity and serum leptin are strong risk factors for pregnancy-associated gallbladder disease.
Complications Induced by Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Maxwell Finland, Louis Weinstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

THE widespread use of antimicrobial agents may have completely resolved many perplexing problems in the field of infectious diseases but it has also created many new and even more perplexing ones. Among these are the various untoward effects, which have been increasing steadily; some are directly toxic, some are allergic, and others are related to the biologic activities of the chemotherapeutic substances. The reasons for an increased prevalence of undesirable sequelae to chemotherapy are mainly three: the increase in the number of antimicrobial agents, each of which may produce such reactions; the increase in the number of people treated so . . .
Aortocaval Fistulae
Authors: Frank Boudghène, Marc Sapoval, Michel Bonneau, Jean-Michel Bigot
Journal: Circulation (1996)

Background Treatment of aortocaval fistulae (ACFs) by open surgery is known to be a high-risk procedure. In this experimental study, we developed a percutaneous model of ACF to test a new nonsurgical method of treatment of ACF using endovascular stent grafts. Methods and Results An ACF was created percutaneously in eight sheep. Via a combined venous and arterial femoral approach, angioplasty balloons were inserted to occlude the infrarenal aorta and inferior vena cava (IVC). The IVC was punctured through the lateral aortic wall with a transjugular liver biopsy needle. The fistulous tract was then dilated with an 8-mm angioplasty balloon, and the animal was heparinized. Two weeks later, a 10-mm Cragg-Endopro-Stent was inserted into the aorta at the level of the fistula via a percutaneous femoral approach. ACFs were successfully created in all animals, with rapid dye shunt through the fistula and a 20% increase in cardiac pulsations. Follow-up angiograms at 2 weeks showed a patent ACF, and stent implantation excluded the fistula in every case. Angiographic and pathological examinations up to 6 months demonstrated normal aortic patency and persistent exclusion of the fistulae. Conclusions ACFs were effectively treated by endovascular grafting of the aorta. The animal model and the stenting procedures were both performed percutaneously.
Interaction of Leishmania with a macrophage cell line. Correlation between intracellular killing and the generation of oxygen intermediates.
Authors: H W Murray
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1981)

The promastigote form of Leishmania donovani and Leishmania tropica, the etiologic agents of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, respectively, readily parasitize unstimulated J774G8 macrophage-like cells, whereas 80-95% of the same promastigotes are killed within resident macrophages from normal BALB/c mice. This striking difference in intracellular anti-leishmanial activity correlated closely with the capacity to generate toxic oxygen intermediates. Thus, after triggering with phorbol myristate acetate or phagocytosis of zymosan or promastigotes, 90% of the J774G8 cells failed to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium, and released 5-10-fold less O2- and H2O2 than BALB/c macrophages. Exposure to concanavalin A-stimulated lymphokine, however, effectively enhanced the oxidative response of J774G8 cells, and, similarly, induced intracellular anti-leishmanial activity. Inhibiting macrophage H2O2 production consistently decreased the killing of Leishmania by lymphokine-treated J774G8 cells. These observations illustrate the usefulness of examining homogeneous macrophage cell lines that are deficient in a particular effector function, and also serve reemphasize the important role of oxygen intermediates in the microbicidal response of mononuclear phagocytes to intracellular parasites.
Tetralogy of Fallot : Transannular and Right Ventricular Patching Equally Affect Late Functional Status
Authors: Y. d'Udekem, C. Ovaert, F. Grandjean, V. Gerin, M. Cailteux, P. Shango-Lody, A. Vliers, T. Sluysmans, A. Robert, J. Rubay
Journal: Circulation (2000)

In tetralogy of Fallot, transannular patching is suspected to be responsible for late right ventricular dilatation.In our institution, 191 patients survived a tetralogy of Fallot repair between 1964 and 1984. Transannular patching was used in 99 patients (52%), patch closure of a right ventriculotomy in 35, and direct closure of a right ventriculotomy in 55. Two had a transatrial-transpulmonary approach. To identify predictive factors of adverse long-term outcome related to right ventricular dilatation, the following events were investigated: cardiac death, reoperation for symptomatic right ventricular dilatation, and NYHA class II or III by Cox regression analysis. Mean follow-up reached 22+/-5 years. The 30-year survival was 86+/-5%. Right ventricular patching, whether transannular or not, was the most significant independent predictor of late adverse event (improvement chi(2)=16.6, P:<0.001). In patients who had direct closure, the ratio between end-diastolic right and left ventricular dimensions on echocardiography was smaller (0.61+/-0.017 versus 0. 75+/-0.23, P:=0.007), with a smaller proportion presenting severe pulmonary insufficiency (9% versus 40%, P:=0.005). There was no difference between right ventricular and transannular patching concerning late outcome (log rank P: value=0.6), right ventricular size (0.70+/-0.28 versus 0.76+/-0.26, P:=0.4), or incidence of severe pulmonary insufficiency (30% versus 43%, P:=0.3).In tetralogy of Fallot, transannular patching does not result in a worse late functional outcome than patching of an incision limited to the right ventricle. Both are responsible for a similar degree of long-term pulmonary insufficiency and right ventricular dilatation.
Circulating MicroRNAs as Biomarkers of Colorectal Cancer: Results From a Genome-Wide Profiling and Validation Study
Authors: María Dolores Giráldez, Juan José Lozano, Georgina Ramírez, Elizabeth Hijona, Luis Bujanda, Antoni Castells, Meritxell Gironella
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2012)