tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Science and the Retreat From Reason
Authors: S. W G Derbyshire
Journal: BMJ (1998)

John Gillott, Manjit Kumar

Monthly Review Press, £12.95, pp 248

ISBN 0 85345 987 8

Exaggerating the importance of science to modern industry, health care, transportation, communication, commerce, and so on would be difficult. This reliance on science, however, coexists with a widespread sense of unease regarding scientific progress.

Although there is general support for genetic science as a means to tackle disease, for example, the enthusiasm is half hearted. Beyond a cure for disease is the nagging suspicion of “designer babies” and a Brave New World. Gillott and Kumar locate this ambivalent attitude to science as an aspect of “a broader rejection, by society, of the project of progress” that dates from the …
Exodus of Polish doctors could threaten health system
Authors: Jane Burgermeister
Journal: BMJ (2004)

An exodus of young Polish doctors to western European countries is set to take place with the country's accession to the European Union, the Polish Chamber of Physicians has warned.

An internet opinion survey on a doctor's website published in the newspaper Gazeta Wyborcza found that a third of all Polish doctors between 25 and 35 years of age—or 10 000 doctors—plan to work in western European countries.

Marek Szweczynski from the Polish Chamber of Physicians said that an exodus of doctors on this scale could …
Incidence of psychotic illness in London: comparison of ethnic groups
Authors: M King, E Coker, G Leavey, A Hoare, E Johnson-Sabine
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To compare annual incidences of20psychosis in people from different ethnic groups as defined in the 1991 census. <b>Setting</b>: Catchment area of district psychiatric20hospital. Design - All people aged 16 to 54 years who made contact with a wide range of community and hospital services between 1 July 1991 and 30 June 1992 were20screened for psychotic symptoms. Patients with such symptoms were interviewed face to face to collect information on demography, ethnic group,20psychiatric history and symptoms, drug use, and how care had been sought. A key informant, usually a close relative, was also interviewed. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Age standardised incidence of schizophrenia and non-affective psychosis according to the ninth edition of the International Classification of Diseases in each ethnic group. Results - Ninety three patients took part, of whom 38 were assigned a certain or very likely diagnosis of schizophrenia (15 in white population, 14 in black,20seven in Asian, and two in others). The age standardised annual incidence of schizophrenia was 2.2 (95% confidence interval 1.5 to 2.9) per 10 000 of the population. The incidence ratio for schizophrenia in all ethnic minority groups compared with the white population was 3.6 (1.9 to 7.1); the corresponding figure for non- affective psychosis was 3.7 (2.2 to 6.2). <b>Conclusions</b>: Raised incidences of schizophrenia were not specific to the African Caribbeans, which suggests that the current focus on schizophrenia in20this population is misleading. Members of all ethnic minority groups were more likely to develop a psychosis but not necessarily schizophrenia. The personal and social pressures of belonging to any ethnic minority group in Britain are important determinants in the excess of psychotic disorders found.
Pulmonary Investigation With Radionuclides
Authors: Thomas P. Haynie
Journal: JAMA (1970)

In March of 1969, 19 guest authorities joined eight University of Miami faculty members in a seminar on nuclear medicine in Miami, Fla. The fields of nuclear medicine, radiology, internal medicine, surgery, physics, physiology, public health, and pathology were represented. This book, by its informality, appears to be a direct transcript of the conference. The articles are like essays, and the authors frequently adopt a personal tone, a refreshing change from the usual stylized medical literature. I noted some errors, such as the seemingly inevitable substitution of microcuries for millicuries, but as the volume was brought to publication within a year of the actual conference, most of these can be forgiven. The volume is well illustrated with tables, scintigrams, and radiographs. There are 31 lectures and five discussion transcripts included. Much of the discussion revolves about ventilation-perfusion relationships in the lung, as radionuclides have contributed greatly to our advancing knowledge in
Discrepancy in results from three guaiacum resin tests.
Authors: B Feneyrou, P Bories, G Pomier-Layrargues, H Michel
Journal: BMJ (1982)

<b>Objective</b> To estimate the potential cost effectiveness of a population-wide risk factor reduction programme aimed at preventing cardiovascular disease. <b>Design</b> Economic modelling analysis. <b>Setting</b> England and Wales. <b>Population</b> Entire population. <b>Model</b> Spreadsheet model to quantify the reduction in cardiovascular disease over a decade, assuming the benefits apply consistently for men and women across age and risk groups. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Cardiovascular events avoided, quality adjusted life years gained, and savings in healthcare costs for a given effectiveness; estimates of how much it would be worth spending to achieve a specific outcome. <b>Results</b> A programme across the entire population of England and Wales (about 50 million people) that reduced cardiovascular events by just 1% would result in savings to the health service worth at least £30m (€34m; $48m) a year compared with no additional intervention. Reducing mean cholesterol concentrations or blood pressure levels in the population by 5% (as already achieved by similar interventions in some other countries) would result in annual savings worth at least £80m to £100m. Legislation or other measures to reduce dietary salt intake by 3 g/day (current mean intake approximately 8.5 g/day) would prevent approximately 30 000 cardiovascular events, with savings worth at least £40m a year. Legislation to reduce intake of industrial <i>trans</i> fatty acid by approximately 0.5% of total energy content might gain around 570 000 life years and generate NHS savings worth at least £230m a year. <b>Conclusions</b> Any intervention that achieved even a modest population-wide reduction in any major cardiovascular risk factor would produce a net cost saving to the NHS, as well as improving health. Given the conservative assumptions used in this model, the true benefits would probably be greater.
Authors of guideline respond
Authors: J. Powell-Tuck, P. Gosling, D. N Lobo, G. L Carlson, S. P Allison, M. Gore, A. J Lewington, R. L Pearse, M. G Mythen
Journal: BMJ (2009)

In their criticism of the British consensus guidelines on intravenous fluid therapy for adult surgical patients Liu and Finfer assert that high quality research is needed before guidelines can be useful and that “guidelines should be avoided completely, and clinicians would be better off making clinical decisions on the basis of primary data.”1 2 They evidently disapprove of guidelines in principle, especially those, …
Skeletal muscle capillary density and fiber type are possible determinants of in vivo insulin resistance in man.
Authors: S Lillioja, A A Young, C L Culter, J L Ivy, W G Abbott, J K Zawadzki, H Yki-Järvinen, L Christin, T W Secomb, C Bogardus
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

We have compared the capillary density and muscle fiber type of musculus vastus lateralis with in vivo insulin action determined by the euglycemic clamp (M value) in 23 Caucasians and 41 Pima Indian nondiabetic men. M value was significantly correlated with capillary density (r = 0.63; P less than or equal to 0.0001), percent type I fibers (r = 0.29; P less than 0.02), and percent type 2B fibers (r = -0.38; P less than 0.003). Fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were significantly negatively correlated with capillary density (r = -0.46, P less than or equal to 0.0001; r = -0.47, P less than or equal to 0.0001, respectively). Waist circumference/thigh circumference ratio was correlated with percent type 1 fibers (r = -0.39; P less than 0.002). These results suggest that diffusion distance from capillary to muscle cells or some associated biochemical change, and fiber type, could play a role in determining in vivo insulin action. The association of muscle fiber type with body fat distribution may indicate that central obesity is only one aspect of a more generalized metabolic syndrome. The data may provide at least a partial explanation for the insulin resistance associated with obesity and for the altered kinetics of insulin action in the obese.
On first name terms
Authors: A L Wyman
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Not long after I retired I ran into one of our old students as I was leaving a medical meeting. We exchanged the usual civilities and then he said, “There was one thing you taught me on a ward round which I have never forgotten.” I was flattered but mystified. “What was that?” “You asked me to examine an old man in one of the medical beds, and I said to him ‘Sit up Dad, let's have a …
[360] INHIBITION OF MULTIPLE MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE EXPRESSION BY VITAMIN K2 THROUGH PROTEIN KINASE C PATHWAY IN HUMAN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA CELLS
Authors: Y. Ide, H. Zhang, T. Mizuta, Y. Eguchi, T. Yasutake, A. Hisatomi, I. Ozaki
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Monitoring of veno-occlusive disease after bone marrow transplantation by serum aminopropeptide of type III procollagen
Authors: M. Eltumi, J.R. Hobbs, C. Downie, P. Trivedi, P. Cheeseman, A.P. Mowatt, B. Portmann, J. Risteli, L. Risteli
Journal: The Lancet (1993)
The View From the Proximal Side of the Lectern
Authors: Myron L. Lecklitner
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I can certainly empathize with Dr Jean Spencer Felton in "A Speaker's Lament" (1983;249: 1583). Persons who are responsible for inviting guest speakers or involved in physician recruitment are strongly advised to read Dr Felton's recommendations again and use them as a checklist for future speakers. Having recently completed a series of lectures at other universities and meetings, I have experienced the best and the worst of exactly those points emphasized by Dr Felton. I learned early on to allow sufficient time to pass before the proposed presentation so as to be furnished with the particulars. Then I telephoned the contact person and asked. About half the time, I was initially furnished with only the date, time, and, of course, the name of the university. This type of neglect generates resentment and points up an interesting question: do these people really want to hear this? I would
Evaluation of pulmonary artery histopathologic findings in congenital heart disease: An in vitro study using intravascular ultrasound imaging
Authors: Masahiro Ishii, Hirohisa Kato, Teruhiro Kawano, Teiji Akagi, Yasuki Maeno, Tetsu Sugimura, Kanoko Hashino, Tomoya Takagishi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Shows Promise for Children With Mental Illness
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Clinical and Chemical Studies with <i>α</i> -Methyl-Dopa in Patients with Hypertension
Authors: LOUIS GILLESPIE, JOHN A. OATES, J. RICHARD CROUT, ALBERT SJOERDSMA
Journal: Circulation (1962)

A series of observations in 52 hypertensive patients is presented indicating that α-methyl-dopa is an effective antihypertensive agent. The antihypertensive properties of the agent were discovered in the course of biochemical studies with the racemic compound the form used in initial therapeutic trials. Studies on metabolism of dl -α-methyl-dopa indicate incomplete intestinal absorption and rapid excretion in the urine as unchanged drug and as α-methyl-dopamine. The former finding does not seem to be a significant deterrent to its use orally. Comparisons of the d and l isomers of α-methyl-dopa in hypertensive patients showed that all the chemical and pharmacologic effects reside in the l -isomer (Aldomet). Thus, recent studies have been performed with Aldomet exclusively. From observations to date the impression has been gained that Aldomet has several advantages over other antihypertensive agents; these include effectiveness against all degrees of hypertension, frequent lowering of recumbent as well as standing blood pressure, smoothness of effect, and tranquilizing effects. Questions of toxicity and tolerance are not yet completely answered. Sympathetic blockade at a central or peripheral site is the probable basis of the drug's action. This effect may be unrelated to the biochemical property of inhibiting the decarboxylation of aromatic l -amino acids and is possibly due to depletion of tissue stores of norepinephrine by a mechanism not yet fully defined.
Clearance of HSV-2 from recurrent genital lesions correlates with infiltration of HSV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Authors: D M Koelle, C M Posavad, G R Barnum, M L Johnson, J M Frank, L Corey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

The mechanisms involved in host clearance of symptomatic mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection are unclear. We studied the functional properties of bulk cultures of skin-infiltrating lymphocytes from normal skin and serial biopsies of recurrent genital HSV-2 lesions, and compared HSV-specific and NK responses with viral clearance. HSV-specific CD4+ or CD8+ T cells were rarely detected in lymphocytes cultured from normal skin. The total lymphocyte count and HSV-specific and NK-like effector cell activities were markedly higher in cultures derived from lesional skin. HSV-specific CD4+ proliferative responses and NK-like cytotoxic responses were present at all stages of herpetic lesions, including biopsies early in the disease course. In contrast, cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity was generally low among cells derived from early culture-positive lesions, and increased during lesion evolution. Viral clearance from the lesion site was associated with a high level of local cytolytic activity towards HSV-infected cells. The phenotypes of cells with HSV-specific cytotoxic responses varied between patients, having CD4+ and CD8+ components. Immunotherapeutic approaches to HSV should be directed at improving in vivo cytolytic activity to HSV.
87 A LIVER-SPECIFIC DELETION OF NIPP1 CAUSES BILE DUCT HYPERPLASIA AND AN INCREASED SENSITIVITY TO DIETHYLNITROSAMINE-INDUCED CARCINOMA
Authors: S. Boens, K. Szekér, M. Baes, T. Roskams, M. Beullens, A. Van Eynde, M. Bollen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Aneurysms of the left gastric and splenic arteries presenting with massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: K. Tseng, Y. Hsieh, C. Lin, S. Chang, C. Wei
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Splanchnic artery aneurysms are rare, with an incidence of 0.01 – 0.20 % in routine autopsies [1]. They occur most commonly in the splenic artery (60 %) [2]. Left gastric artery aneurysms are extremely rare [3]. Multiple aneurysms are present in approximately a third of patients [4]. Here we describe a case with aneurysms arising from the left gastric and splenic arteries, presenting with massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
Use of Perflubron to Enhance Lung Gene Expression: Safety and Initial Efficacy Studies in Non-Human Primates
Authors: Daniel J. Weiss, Gary B. Baskin, Mary K. Shean, James L. Blanchard, Jay K. Kolls
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2002)

Use of perflubron (LiquiVentR) and other perfluorochemical liquids during intratracheal administration of adenovirus and AAV vectors has been shown to improve total gene expression as well as distribution of expression throughout lungs of spontaneously breathing rodents. To determine if this method could be safely and easily extended to non-human primates, we carried out a pilot investigation in six spontaneously breathing rhesus macaques. Two animals received bronchoscopic administration of recombinant adenovirus vector (type 5 E1-deleted AdCMVlacZ, 4.6×1010 plaque forming units/animal), two animals received vector followed by instillation of perflubron, and two animals received perflubron alone. Instillation of perflubron was well tolerated by the animals and, once recovered from anesthesia, all animals behaved and fed normally until lung harvest. Serial X-rays demonstrated that the perflubron had cleared from lungs of three animals by 48 hours after administration; the fourth animal had a small amount of residual perflubron. Apart from a mild elevation in hepatocellular enzymes, no significant abnormality was noted in complete blood count or serum electrolytes and chemistries. In animals receiving either vector alone or vector with perflubron, in situ β-galactosidase expression was observed in a variety of cells including large airway, bronchiolar, and alveolar epithelial cells. In summary, use of perflubron was well tolerated in spontaneously breathing macaques. Further studies in larger numbers of animals will help assess the potential efficacy of perflubron for enhancing gene expression and elucidate effects on local and systemic inflammatory responses.
When a Doctor Hates a Patient, and Other Chapters in a Young Physician's Life
Authors: Joseph S. Alpert
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Enid and Richard Peschel have collaborated to create another fine contribution to the new and growing field of medical humanities. In this interesting volume, Richard Peschel, MD, recounts a number of gripping events recollected from his internship and early medical training. Each tale describes a moment of considerable intensity when doctor meets patient. Following each of these short narratives, Enid Peschel, PhD, describes similar encounters drawn from art, music, and literature. For example, Richard Peschel tells of a harrowing experience during which he wheeled a patient with an acute myocardial infarction past a stretcher carrying a corpse to the morgue. Enid Peschel counters with such literary parallels as Montaigne's dialogue between death and life, Tolstoy's "The Death of Ivan Ilych," and W. B. Yeats' poem, "An Irish Airman Foresees His Death." Another medical anecdote concerns a hostile, hateful patient; the literary parallels discussed include William Carlos Williams' "The Use of
Inhibition of adriamycin‐induced human platelet lipid peroxidation by vitamin E
Authors: Marie J. Stuart, Pedro A. Dealarcon, Mary K. Barvinchak
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1978)

Abstract Adriamycin® is an important cancer chemotherapeutic agent whose clinical use is compromised by potentially lethal cardiotoxicity. In the mouse, cardiotoxicity is related to the peroxidation of cardiac lipids. Both phenomena, however, can be reduced by pretreatment of the animal with vitamin E. Using the platelet as our model we have demonstrated that Adriamycin induces lipid peroxidation of human platelets in a dose‐dependent manner. Platelet malonyldialdehyde (MDA) production was used as an indicator of lipid peroxidation. Adriamycin at 5, 10, 50, and 100 μg/ml produced 1.40 ± 0.2 (1 SD), 2.23 ± 0.41, 4.23 ± 0.4, and 6.13 ± 0.43 nmoies MDA per 10 9 platelets, respectively. Vitamin E both in vitro and in vivo inhibited this lipid peroxidation. In vitro, vitamin E at concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 mg/ml inhibited platelet MDA formation by 14 ± 2, 29 ± 5, and 38 ± 6%, respectively. In six controls who ingested 1,600 units vitamin E daily for two weeks, platelet MDA formation induced by N‐ethyl maleimide, thrombin, and Adriamycin was decreased by 11‐20%. In similar studies, the ingestion of 10 grains acelyl salicylic acid (ASA) also inhibited platelet lipid peroxidation induced by these same agents. ASA and vitamin E were not additive in their inhibition of MDA formation induced by N‐ethyl maleimide or thrombin. They were additive, however, in their inhibition of Adriamycin‐induced lipid peroxidation, which suggests that the effect of vitamin E on Adriamycin‐induced platelet lipid peroxidation is not due to inhibition of platelet cyclooxygenase. In the light of these observations on the inhibitory effect of vitamin E on lipid peroxidation in human platelets, further studies appear warranted on the clinical effects of E in inhibiting cardiac lipid peroxidation and concomitant cardiotoxicity in humans on Adriamycin therapy.
Motor Development in Very Preterm and Very Low-Birth-Weight Children From Birth to Adolescence
Authors: Jorrit F. de Kieviet, Jan P. Piek, Cornelieke S. Aarnoudse-Moens, Jaap Oosterlaan
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Infants who are very preterm (born < or = 32 weeks of gestation) and very low birth weight (VLBW) (weighing < or = 1500 g) are at risk for poor developmental outcomes. There is increasing evidence that very preterm birth and VLBW have a considerable effect on motor development, although findings are inconsistent.To investigate the relationship between very preterm birth and VLBW and motor development.The computerized databases EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Knowledge were used to search for English-language peer-reviewed articles published between January 1992 and August 2009.Studies were included if they reported motor scores of very preterm and VLBW children without congenital anomalies using 1 of 3 established and widely used motor tests: the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (BSID-II), the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC), and the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOTMP). Forty-one articles were identified, encompassing 9653 children.In comparison with term-born peers, very preterm and VLBW children obtained significantly lower scores on all 3 motor tests: BSID-II: d = -0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.96 to -0.80; P < .001), MABC: d = -0.65 (95% CI, -0.70 to -0.60; P < .001), and BOTMP: d = -0.57 (95% CI, -0.68 to -0.46; P < .001). Whereas motor outcomes on the BSID-II show a catch-up effect in the first years of development (r = 0.50, P = .01), the results on the MABC demonstrate a nonsignificantly greater deficit with increasing age during elementary school and early adolescence (r = -0.59, P = .07).Being born preterm or VLBW is associated with significant motor impairment persisting throughout childhood.