tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers of environmental tobacco smoke exposure.
Authors: N L Benowitz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Biomarkers are desirable for quantitating human exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and for predicting potential health risks for exposed individuals. A number of biomarkers of ETS have been proposed. At present cotinine, measured in blood, saliva, or urine, appears to be the most specific and the most sensitive biomarker. In nonsmokers with significant exposure to ETS, cotinine levels in the body are derived primarily from tobacco smoke, can be measured with extremely high sensitivity, and reflect exposure to a variety of types of cigarettes independent of machine-determined yield. Under conditions of sustained exposure to ETS (i.e., over hours or days), cotinine levels reflect exposure to other components of ETS. Supporting the validity of cotinine as a biomarker, cotinine levels have been positively correlated to the risks of some ETS-related health complications in children who are not cigarette smokers.
Circumcision Isn't Necessary
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Combined endobronchial and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration for mediastinal nodal staging of lung cancer
Authors: R. Ohnishi, I. Yasuda, T. Kato, T. Tanaka, Y. Kaneko, T. Suzuki, S. Yasuda, K. Sano, S. Doi, M. Nakashima, T. Hara, H. Tsurumi, N. Murakami, H. Moriwaki
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

<b>Background:</b> Recently, transesophageal endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS–FNA) has been evaluated for mediastinal nodal staging (N staging) of lung cancer, as this technique is less invasive than mediastinoscopy and possibly more accurate than 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET–CT). However, EUS–FNA does not provide access to pretracheal and hilar lymph nodes. More recently, endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS–TBNA) has been introduced as a novel technique for accessing pretracheal and hilar lymph nodes. Although the combined endoscopic approach of EUS–FNA and EBUS–TBNA is presumably more accurate than PET–CT, only a few reports have quantitatively evaluated its diagnostic ability. Therefore, we prospectively assessed the diagnostic yield of this combined endoscopic approach for mediastinal N staging of lung cancer. <b>Methods:</b> A consecutive series of 120 patients with suspected resectable lung cancer on CT findings underwent PET–CT and combined EUS–FNA/EBUS–TBNA. The accuracy and other diagnostic indices of the combined approach in mediastinal N staging were compared with those of PET–CT. <b>Results:</b> Among the enrolled patients, a final pathological N stage was established in 110 patients. The accuracy of the combined approach using EUS–FNA and EBUS–TBNA was significantly higher than that of PET–CT (90.0 % vs. 73.6 %; P < 0.0001). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were respectively 71.8 %, 100 %, 100 %, and 86.6 % for the combined approach vs. 47.4 %, 87.5 %, 66.7 %, and 75.9 % for PET–CT. <b>Conclusions:</b> The combined endoscopic approach using EUS–FNA and EBUS–TBNA provided excellent diagnostic performance. Therefore, this approach is strongly recommended before surgery or mediastinoscopy to avoid futile thoracotomy and surgical intervention.
Mucormycosis, Not Zygomycosis
Authors: MORRIS A GORDON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters1 June 1981Mucormycosis, Not ZygomycosisMORRIS A GORDON, PH.D.MORRIS A GORDON, PH.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-94-6-820_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: In his letter "Zygomycosis Not Mucormycosis" in the December issue, Dr. Paul Hoeprich (1) argues against use of the term mucormycosis in the review by Lehrer and his colleagues (2) on the ground that this epithet excludes diseases caused by members of the class Zygomycetes other than the Mucorales. And so it should! Diseases caused by Rhizopus and other genera of the Mucorales are entirely different clinically and histopathologically from those caused by members of the Entomophthorales.There is no requirement, in any case, to name a disease after the genus, and certainly not the class, of...References1. HOEPRICH P. Zygomycosis not mucormycosis. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:932. Letter. LinkGoogle Scholar2. LEHRERHOWARDSYPHERDEDWARDSSEGALWINSTON RDPJGD. Mucormycosis. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93 (Part 1):93-108. LinkGoogle Scholar3. BENNYKIMROUGH GJ. A synopsis of the orders and families of plectomycetes with key to genera. Mycotaxon. 1980;12:1-91. Google Scholar4. KENDRICKCARMICHAEL WJ. Hyphomycetes. In: AINSWORTH GC, SPARROW FK, SUSSMAN AS, eds. The Fungi, an Advanced Treatise. Vol. IVA. New York: Academic Press; 1973:323-509. Google Scholar5. KWON-CHUNGPOPKIN KT. Ultrastructure of septal complex in Filobasidiella neoformans (Cryptococcus neoformans). J Bacteriol. 1976;126:524-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. KREGER-VAN RIJ N. Endomycetales, basidiomycetous yeasts, and related fungi. In: AINSWORTH GC, SPARROW FK, SUSSMAN AS, eds. The Fungi, an Advanced Treatise. Vol. IVA. New York: Academic Press; 1973:11-32. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: New York State Department of Health Albany, NY 12201 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByMucormycosis caused by Rhizopus microsporus var. microsporus: cellulitis in the leg of a diabetic patient cured by amputation 1 June 1981Volume 94, Issue 6Page: 820-820 Issue Published: 1 June 1981 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Prenatal Genetic Carrier Testing Using Triple Disease Screening
Authors: Christine M. Eng
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Rapid progress in gene discovery has dramatically increased diagnostic capabilities for carrier screening and prenatal testing for genetic diseases. However, simultaneous prenatal carrier screening for prevalent genetic disease has not been evaluated, and patient acceptance and attitudes toward this testing strategy remain undefined.To evaluate an educational, counseling, and carrier testing program for 3 genetic disorders: Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), type 1 Gaucher disease (GD), and cystic fibrosis (CF) that differ in detectability, severity, and availability of therapy.Potential participants received education and genetic counseling, gave informed consent, chose screening tests, and completed pre-education and posteducation questionnaires that assessed knowledge, attitudes toward genetic testing, and disease testing preferences.Medical genetics referral center.Volunteer sample of 2824 Ashkenazi Jewish individuals enrolled as couples who were referred for TSD testing.Genetic counseling, education, and if chosen, genetic testing for any or all 3 disorders.Acceptance of screening for each of the 3 disorders. Secondary outcomes include attitudes toward genetic testing and reproductive considerations.Of the 2824 individuals tested for TSD, 97% and 95% also chose testing for CF and GD, respectively. The frequency of detected carriers was 1:21 for TSD, 1 :25 for CF, and 1:18 for GD. Twenty-one carriercoupleswere identified, counseled, and all postconception couples opted for prenatal diagnosis. Pre-education and posteducation questionnaires revealed that patients initially knew little about the diseases, but acquired disease information and increased knowledge of genetic concepts. Education and genetic counseling increased understanding and retention of genetic concepts and disease-related information, and minimized test-related anxiety. Although individuals sought screening for all 3 diseases, reproductive attitudes and decisions varied directly with disease severity and treatability.These findings emphasize the importance of genetic counseling for prenatal carrier testing and may improve understanding, acceptance, and informed decision making for prenatal carrier screening for multiple genetic diseases.
THE EFFECT OF A SIX WEEK ECCENTRIC HAMSTRING STRENGTHENING PROTOCOL ON ANTERIOR TIBIO-FEMORAL TRANSLATION
Authors: E Mias, P Starrs
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

Background The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the main source of anterior knee joint stability and excessive anterior tibio-femoral translation (ATFT) (&gt;5mm) can be a risk factor for ACL injury (Alentorn-Geli et al , 2009). The dynamic role the hamstring muscle group plays in protecting the ACL is important in functional knee joint stability as they work eccentrically to control ATFT. Objectives The primary aim was to assess whether ATFT alters in male Rugby Union players following a 6 week eccentric hamstring strengthening programme. Design Players were randomly allocated to either the hamstring intervention or control group. Settings Fylde Rugby Football Club's (Rugby Union) Senior squad selected (semi-professional level). Participants 16 players (no drop-outs). Intervention ATFT was measured objectively by the KT-1000 arthrometer before and after the game. Following the 6 week intervention, the ATFT was reassessed before and after the game. Results Decreases in ATFT values were observed between Pre and Post intervention (P&lt;.001), however this was not statistically significant between groups (P≥.05). Main outcome measurements ATFT may not be a factor that can be positively influenced by an eccentric hamstring strengthening protocol. This supplies evidence that increasing hamstring tendon stiffness with the aim of preventing ACL injuries may not transfer into function which disputes findings from previous literature (Blackburn et al, 2013). Following a six week period however, ATFT statistically decreased in both groups regardless of limb dominancy or the amount of anterior tibio-femoral force applied which could suggest that it may only play a secondary role in preventing serious knee ligament injuries. Conclusions It might be more beneficial to work on other ACL intrinsic risk factors like neuromuscular training or biomechanical optimisation with an aim of reducing the incidence of severe knee injury in male Rugby Union.
Trends in Heart Failure Incidence and Survival in a Community-Based Population
Authors: Véronique L. Roger
Journal: JAMA (2004)

The epidemic of heart failure has yet to be fully investigated, and data on incidence, survival, and sex-specific temporal trends in community-based populations are limited.To test the hypothesis that the incidence of heart failure has declined and survival after heart failure diagnosis has improved over time but that secular trends have diverged by sex.Population-based cohort study using the resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project conducted in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Patients were 4537 Olmsted County residents (57% women; mean [SD] age, 74 [14] years) with a diagnosis of heart failure between 1979 and 2000. Framingham criteria and clinical criteria were used to validate the diagnosisIncidence of heart failure and survival after heart failure diagnosis.The incidence of heart failure was higher among men (378/100 000 persons; 95% confidence interval [CI], 361-395 for men; 289/100 000 persons; 95% CI, 277-300 for women) and did not change over time among men or women. After a mean follow-up of 4.2 years (range, 0-23.8 years), 3347 deaths occurred, including 1930 among women and 1417 among men. Survival after heart failure diagnosis was worse among men than women (relative risk, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.24-1.43) but overall improved over time (5-year age-adjusted survival, 43% in 1979-1984 vs 52% in 1996-2000, P<.001). However, men and younger persons experienced larger survival gains, contrasting with less or no improvement for women and elderly persons.In this community-based cohort, the incidence of heart failure has not declined during 2 decades, but survival after onset of heart failure has increased overall, with less improvement among women and elderly persons.
Drug-Induced Liver Disease
Authors: S. Sherlock
Journal: Gut (1995)

Coeliac disease and autoimmune thyroid diseaseEDITor,-In their article Counsell et al state that the association between coeliac disease and autoimmune thyroid disease is not astonishing given that the HLA haplotypes B8 and DR3 are found more commonly in both than in the general population (Gut 1994; 35: 844-6).Based on the results of their data obtained in patients with coeliac disease they even suggest a routine check for thyroid func- tion at presentation and a recheck if a gluten free diet fails to repair macrocytosis or symp- toms, or both.Screening patients with autoimmune thyroid disease for coeliac disease, as it has been performed by Collin et all and by our group2 also unveils a clinically possibly impor- tant association between the two diseases.We, therefore, agree also with their second suggestion that coeliac disease should be con- sidered in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease.It seems noteworthy to me, however, to point out that patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis seem to have a higher risk of devel- oping coeliac disease than patients with Graves' disease.Patients with coeliac disease on the other hand also seem to develop hypothyroidism (Hashimoto's ?) rather than Graves' disease.Indeed, the young woman in our series of 27 patients with Hashimoto's disease, who was found to have oligosymptomatic coeliac disease was HLA-B8, DR 3 negative.This was not surprising, as we have shown earlier3 that the goitrous variant of this disease is associated with the HLA-DR5 haplotype.I therefore want to suggest that there must be another (additional ?) link between the two diseases.This in my view is even more plausible if you consider the reports that both, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and coeliac disease, may eventually result in lymphoma,4 5 whereas this has never been described in Graves' disease patients.
Retrograde dilatation via gastrostomy of a proximal esophagoileal anastomotic stricture in an infant with esophageal atresia
Authors: E. Macher, L. Michaud, D. Guimber, M. Bonnevalle, D. Turck, F. Gottrand
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Esophageal stenosis is a common complication after surgical repair in children with esophageal atresia. The usual treatment is endoscopic dilatation. If this fails, reoperation is needed.
Melanoma Stem Cells: The Dark Seed of Melanoma
Authors: Susan E. Zabierowski, Meenhard Herlyn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

Cells with stem-cell markers and features have recently been identified in melanoma tissues and cell lines. Melanoma stem-like cells possess many traits of tumor-initiating or tumor stem cells including self-renewal capacity, high tumorigenicity, and differentiation into various mesenchymal lineages, including melanocytic cells. Four subpopulations of melanoma-initiating cells have been distinguished: CD20 + , CD133 + , label-retaining or slow-cycling cells, and side-population cells with high efflux activities. Whether these are distinct or overlapping populations is currently under investigation. Ongoing studies are dissecting and characterizing the hierarchy of these subpopulations within a malignant lesion. Understanding these and the dynamics of clonal dominance will aid in the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer and Cardiovascular Death
Authors: Robert P. Blankfield
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Gastrointestinal Intubation in Ascariasis
Authors: J. G. Banwell, R. Mitra, N. F. Pierce
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1968)

CROSBY1 recently compiled some of the ingenious devices designed for obtaining material from the gastrointestinal tract for diagnostic purposes. In particular, he described details of a gold trap, designed by Myers in 1854, that consisted of a baited container into which tapeworms could enter only to be caught and "withdrawn from the patient's stomach by the string which had been left hanging from the mouth." Our similar (but unpremeditated) experience in "fishing out" roundworms with gastrointestinal tubes prompted this report.During the past 18 months we have been using multilumen polyvinyl tubes and a nonabsorbable marker perfusion technic2 to study . . .
OC-091 Are There Changes in Keratin Expression Profile in Active Colitis and in Colitis Phenotypes Associated with Increased Cancer Risk?
Authors: A Marsh, D Majumdar, B Corfe, A Lobo, C Evans
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Colitis in homozygous mK8<sup>-/-</sup> mice as a result of a primary epithelial defect and heterogeneous missense mutations in keratin (K) 8 and K18 in IBD suggest a possible association between simple epithelial keratins and IBD. Our previous work using mass spectrometry (MS) and western immunoblotting suggests alterations in the insoluble forms of K8, K18 and K19 in intestinal epithelial cells in colitis phenotypes compared to controls. We have previously shown an increase in insoluble keratin in epithelium from patients with longstanding pancolitis (LSPC) and decreased levels in epithelium from patients with dysplasia (in both the lesion and rectal mucosa), recent onset colitis (ROUC) and PSC associated colitis. There is also a reduction in insoluble keratins in active areas of inflammation compared to inactive areas. <h3>Methods</h3> Paired biopsies were taken from patients with active colitis (one from the actively inflamed area and another from a proximal inactive area, n = 10) and patients with dysplasia (biopsies taken from the dysplastic area and an area of rectal mucosa, n = 3). Single rectal biopsies were taken from patients with ROUC (n = 8), LSPC (n = 10) and PSC colitis (n = 7). These tissue sections underwent IHC staining for K8, K18 and K19. Semi-quantitative assessment of keratin expression was performed using a pixel counting algorithm and a manual scoring system, which scored staining intensity at the surface and base of the crypts and extent of crypt staining. <h3>Results</h3> There was no difference in K8 expression measured by manual scoring between the groups. K18 showed a significant difference in pixel count scores between the active and inactive inflammation (0.078 p = 0.022) reflecting a shift towards more extensive, moderate and weak staining in the active group. There was also a significant change in the manual scores for the ratio of surface intensity to crypt intensity (p = 0.028) representing a greater surface compared to crypt K18 expression. All other groups were similar in K18 expression and pattern. There was no difference in K19 expression measured by manual and pixel count scoring between the groups. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The results suggest a difference between MS and IHC approaches. If the IHC data hold true they may suggest that the changes in keratin expression profile that occur with duration of disease, inflammation and dysplasia may be a result of changes in keratin solubility rather than a change in the total expression of keratins. However, possible explanations include too small sample size for IHC and lack of sensitivity of IHC by comparison with MS. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
292. Primary Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia Cells Are Resistant to the Oncolytic Effects of Attenuated Measles Virus
Authors: Matthew A. Bates, R.G. Wickremasinghe, Adele K. Fielding
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a leukaemia of 'indolent' B cells, which are recognised as resistant to efficient transduction by many available vector systems. Furthermore, the disease is currently incurable by standard therapies. We reasoned that attenuated measles virus (MV), a B-lymphotropic, oncolytic virus would be a good candidate to infect and lyse CLL cells.
Nitrogen-rich coatings for promoting healing around stent-grafts after endovascular aneurysm repair
Authors: Sophie Lerouge, Annie Major, Pierre-Luc Girault-Lauriault, Marc-André Raymond, Patrick Laplante, Gilles Soulez, Fackson Mwale, Michael R. Wertheimer, Marie-Josée Hébert
Journal: Biomaterials (2006)
IMPACT OF SHORT VERSUS LONG DURATION DUAL ANTIPLATELET THERAPY ON CLINICAL OUTCOMES: A COMPREHENSIVE META-ANALYSIS OF ALL RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS
Authors: Salman Jamaluddin Bandeali, Armaghan Soomro, Salim Virani, Shama S. Bandeali, Ravi Hira, Scott Bassett, Francisco Cota, Ihab Hamzeh, Hani Jneid, Atasu Nayak, Christie Ballantyne, Nasser Lakkis, Mahboob Alam
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
Urachus Cyst Demonstrated By Roentgenogram
Authors: Mark H. Tanenbaum
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To the Editor:—  Two major tubes transit the umbilicus in the embryo; one connects to the digestive tract (the omphalomesenteric duct), the other to the urinary bladder (the urachus). Failure of obliteration of either before birth may cause symptoms in infancy or adulthood. Complete patency will permit a discharge in the newborn, fecal ( omphalomesenteric duct) or urinous (urachus). Partial patency of the distal portion of the omphalomesenteric duct is usually signaled by an umbilical polyp and recurrent drainage. 1   However, partial patency in the distal portion of the urachus may remain quiescent for years, only later to become cantankerous. One forgets that developmental abnormalities may lie dormant into adulthood, and that is the thrust of this communication.  Report of a Case:—  A 42-year-old white man complained of an umbilical discharge of two months' duration. Other than one previous episode of umbilical drainage 15 years earlier, which lasted two weeks and