tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Temperatures Rising: Sprawling Cities Have the Most Very Hot Days
Authors: Tanya Tillett
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Sprawling Cities Have the Most Very Hot DaysThe urban heat island effect, the phenomenon in which a city has higher temperatures than surrounding countryside, is known to contribute to higher rates of heat-related mortality in summer months when temperatures soar.Although extreme heat events have become more common in large U.S. cities, a new study indicates that sprawling cities experience more than double the rate of extreme heat events in the summer compared with more compact urban areas [EHP 118( 10):1425-1428; Stone et al.].The authors considered 53 U.S. metropolitan areas for which data were available on sprawl and extreme heat event.Sprawl had been assessed in a 2003 study using an index based on land use data from the 2000 census along with measures of population density, average street block size, proximity of homes to businesses, and land use mix.Extreme heat events were defined as days on which the minimum, maximum, or average temperature exceeded the 85th percentile of a base period of 1961-1990.The authors compared the extent of sprawl for each metropolitan area with that area's average annual rate of extreme heat events from 1956 through 2005.Over the 50 years examined,
FGF-23 and vascular dysfunction in patients with stage 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease
Authors: Mahmut I. Yilmaz, Alper Sonmez, Mutlu Saglam, Halil Yaman, Selim Kilic, Erkan Demirkaya, Tayfun Eyileten, Kayser Caglar, Yusuf Oguz, Abdulgaffar Vural, Mujdat Yenicesu, Carmine Zoccali
Journal: Kidney International (2010)
Aluminium Hydroxide Adsorbed Allergens Used in Modified RAST
Authors: L. K. Poulsen, B. Weeke
Journal: Allergy (1985)

A method is described in which the conventional radioallergosorbent test (RAST) for determination of allergen‐specific IgE in serum has been modified by displacing the solid‐phase sorbent by a gel of aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH) 3 ). The optimum conditions for this new analysis (AIRAST) are determined, taking into account speed, costs and the ratio between responses of patients and normal individuals. The AIRAST fullfils the criteria for validity: it is specific and shows parallelism between serum dilution curves. The sensitivity and reproducibility are slightly lower than in the conventional RAST, but sufficient for most routine and screening procedures. The preparation of allergosorbents in AIRAST can be accomplished within 1 h, thus making it convenient for fast screening of patients against unusual allergen extracts, as well as for allergen standardization from dose‐response curves. Further, it is possible to standardize aluminium hydroxide adsorbed extracts used for immunotherapy by using the products directly as allergosorbents in the AIRAST.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific CD8+ T cells in patients with recurrent HCV-infection after liver transplantation (OLTx)
Authors: C.A. Schirren, N.H. Gruener, M.C. Jung, R. Zachoval, J.T. Gerlach, H. Diepolder, M. Houghton, H.G. Rau, G.R. Pape
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)
Assessment of regional myocardial and renal blood flow with copper-PTSM and positron emission tomography.
Authors: M E Shelton, M A Green, C J Mathias, M J Welch, S R Bergmann
Journal: Circulation (1990)

We recently demonstrated in isolated, perfused hearts that radiolabeled pyruvaldehyde bis(N4-methylthiosemicarbazonato)copper(II) (Cu-PTSM) is well extracted throughout a range of conditions including ischemia, hypoxia, and hyperemia. Once extracted, binding of radioactivity by the isolated heart was essentially irreversible, giving this tracer microspherelike qualities. Because Cu-PTSM can be readily prepared with the generator-produced positron-emitting copper 62 and other gamma- or positron-emitting copper radionuclides, we evaluated its usefulness for measuring regional myocardial and renal blood flow in vivo in intact dogs at rest, after ischemia, or after coronary hyperemia was induced by intravenous administration of dipyridamole. After intravenous administration of radiolabeled Cu-PTSM, the tracer cleared rapidly from the blood. Myocardial uptake of single photon-emitting 67Cu-labeled Cu-PTSM was measured directly in myocardial samples 15 minutes after tracer administration, and it increased proportionally with blood flow throughout the flow range (estimated concomitantly with radiolabeled microspheres) of 0.0-6.0 ml/g/min (n = 340 samples from 17 dogs, r = 0.99, Ycopper radioactivity = 85Xmicrosphere flow -7 chi 2 + 17). Renal uptake of radiolabeled Cu-PTSM was also proportional to blood flow. Positron emission tomography was performed in four intact dogs after intravenous administration of 64Cu-labeled Cu-PTSM (19% positron decay, t1/2 = 12.8 hours). High-quality images of heart and kidney were obtained. Accordingly, radiolabeled Cu-PTSM should be a useful, generator-produced tracer for estimating regional myocardial and renal blood flow with positron emission tomography.
The Carcinomatous Abscess
Authors: William F. Bernhard, John A. Malcolm, Robert H. Wylie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

THE advent of antimicrobial drugs has had a profound influence on the management of suppurative, nontuberculous pulmonary infections. The most significant manifestations of this effect are a precipitous decrease in the mortality of many bacterial and aspiration pneumonias and a reduction in the incidence of secondary pulmonary necrosis. The "acute lung abscess" is so frequently aborted by prompt antibiotic administration that it has gradually become an uncommon clinical entity.Association of pneumonitis and abscess formation with bronchial obstruction produced by an underlying carcinoma is an established pathologic process.However, the diagnostic dilemma posed by this protean manifestation of bronchogenic carcinoma . . .
Production of interleukin-2 in response to synthetic peptides from hepatitis C virus E1 protein in patients with chronic hepatitis C: relationship with the response to interferon treatment
Authors: Pablo Sarobe, Javier-Ignacio Jauregui, Juan-José Lasarte, Nicolás García, María-Pilar Civeira, Francisco Borrás-Cuesta, Jesús Prieto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1996)
A third of foundation trusts had missed emergency waiting time target at end of 2012
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The growing pressure on hospitals’ emergency departments has been laid bare by new figures showing a “significant increase” in the number of foundation trusts failing to meet the government’s waiting time targets.

The latest report from the healthcare regulator Monitor shows that in the last three months of 2012 a total of 32 foundation trusts, 36% of the total that have emergency departments, missed the target to treat 95% of patients who arrive in the department within four hours.1

This was more than twice the number of trusts that breached the target in the same period in 2011 (14) and more than four times the seven that failed to reach the target in the previous quarter of 2012.

Monitor expressed concern at the trend, …
Columbian Ambulance Association.
Authors: None Americanus
Journal: JAMA (1894)

try—not in France—"boulevards") and suggests that it originated from a row of tumble-down structures which had been removed in order to improve the Park. The pertinence of this allusion is in the line of illustrating the force, vigor, and homeliness of the pure speech of the Anglo-Saxon. But the facts are different. Hyde Park in London has been reserved for practically its present purposes ever since the days of Henry VIII. and Edward VI. Even in the time of Elizabeth its acres were devoted to "herbage, pannage, and browsewood for the deer." None of less rank than a knighted gentleman could have charge of its fine oaks and gardens even as early as 1596. There is no record in its history of a row of old buildings torn down to make space for a driveway, and which survive in the "rotten" appellation of the modern Park road. The name "Rotten
Age-related synaptic loss of the medial olivocochlear efferent innervation
Authors: Benjamin Fu, Colleen Le Prell, Dwayne Simmons, Debin Lei, Angela Schrader, Amelia B Chen, Jianxin Bao
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2010)

Age-related functional decline of the nervous system is consistently observed, though cellular and molecular events responsible for this decline remain largely unknown. One of the most prevalent age-related functional declines is age-related hearing loss (presbycusis), a major cause of which is the loss of outer hair cells (OHCs) and spiral ganglion neurons. Previous studies have also identified an age-related functional decline in the medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferent system prior to age-related loss of OHCs. The present study evaluated the hypothesis that this functional decline of the MOC efferent system is due to age-related synaptic loss of the efferent innervation of the OHCs. To this end, we used a recently-identified transgenic mouse line in which the expression of yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), under the control of neuron-specific elements from the thy1 gene, permits the visualization of the synaptic connections between MOC efferent fibers and OHCs. In this model, there was a dramatic synaptic loss between the MOC efferent fibers and the OHCs in older mice. However, age-related loss of efferent synapses was independent of OHC status. These data demonstrate for the first time that age-related loss of efferent synapses may contribute to the functional decline of the MOC efferent system and that this synaptic loss is not necessary for age-related loss of OHCs.
Hepatoblastoma Evaluated by 18F-Fluoromethyl Choline PET/CT
Authors: Matthanja Bieze, Thomas M. van Gulik, Roelof J. Bennink
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

Hepatoblastoma is a rare carcinoma mostly seen in children. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by resection and adjuvant chemotherapy is the optimal treatment. We present the case of an 18-year-old woman who presented with abdominal pain, nausea, bloating, and fatigue. MRI showed 3 hepatic lesions with high signal intensity on arterial phase T1-weighted images and slight washout on the late phase, suggestive for hepatocellular carcinoma. Laboratory examinations revealed plasma α-feto-protein of 114,245 μg/L. Subsequent baseline and posttreatment F-fluoromethyl choline PET/CT were performed to possibly evaluate extent of the disease and assess disease response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Arthritis associated with Salmonella infections.
Authors: C P Warren
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1970)

<h3>Objective</h3> To test a hypothesis that operating room (OR) productivity in the National Health Service (NHS) can be improved with the introduction of immediately sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS). <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> Previously published time and motion data of 140 unilateral cataract surgeries conducted at five different NHS locations were reanalysed to construct a hypothetical model where only ISBCS (±one unilateral case) were conducted while maintaining time durations of all key tasks previously studied. Possible time efficiency savings were calculated for the ISBCS model and percentage increases in numbers of eyes operated per 4-hour theatre session calculated. Gains in efficiency were correlated with factors from the baseline data to predict which settings could improve efficiency most by undertaking ISBCS. <h3>Results</h3> Based on remodelling our time and motion study (TMS) data as hypothetical ISBCS cases, we could expect a mean 16% reduction (range 9.8%–17.8%) in the time taken for two cataract operations, translating into a mean 54% improvement (range 38%–67%) in number of cases currently performed per list and an 18% improvement (range 9%–28%) even if the number of unilateral cases per list had been fully maximised. An average number of four ISBCS cases per list (range 3–6) were required to achieve sufficient time savings to allow an extra unilateral surgery to be conducted. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The introduction of routine ISBCS has the potential to improve the productivity of cataract surgery within the NHS, with efficiencies being possible in both high-volume and low-volume surgical models.
BMA calls for halt on GM crops
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The BMA has called for a moratorium on the commercial planting of genetically modified (GM) crops. This should continue until there is a scientific consensus about the potential long term environmental effects.

The association accepts that there are potential benefits of genetically modified foodstuffs, such as reduced food prices, prolonged storage time, and improved nutritional value. Potential risks, however, include the loss …
Epoetin Dosing and Dialysis Facility Ownership—Reply
Authors: Daniel W. Coyne
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
"Anticonvulsant Action" of Vitamin D in Epileptic Patients? A Controlled Pilot Study
Authors: C. Christiansen, P. Rodbro, O. Sjo
Journal: BMJ (1974)

The frequency of epileptic seizures was observed in a controlled therapeutic trial on 23 epileptic inpatients before and after treatment with vitamin D2 or placebo in addition to anticonvulsant drugs. The number of seizures was reduced during treatment with vitamin D2 but not with placebo. The effect was unrelated to changes in serum calcium or magnesium. The results may support the concept that epileptics should be treated prophylactically with vitamin D.
Absorption of l-methionine from the human small intestine
Authors: Harold P. Schedl, Charles E. Pierce, Alan Rider, James A. Clifton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1968)

Absorption of L-methionine was measured in all parts of the human small intestine using transintestinal intubation and perfusion. In four normal subjects, adsorption was higher in the proximal than in the distal intestine. In two patients with nontropical sprue in relapse, there was a proximal zone of low absorption with higher absorption distally. In all parts of the small intestine, absorption showed rate-limiting kinetics as methionine concentration was increased. In normal subjects, the proximal K(m) (Michaelis constant) was more than 3 times higher than the distal, which suggests a difference in transport mechanisms between the two segments.
Haemorrhagic cellulitis: a syndrome associated with tumour necrosis factor-α
Authors: M.C.Y. HENG, M. KHOO, A. COOPERMAN, S. FALLON-FRIEDLANDER
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

A newly defined clinical syndrome, haemorrhagic cellulitis, is described in 12 patients. The syndrome consists of an acute onset of extremely painful erythema affecting dependent areas, followed by dermal haemorrhage and sloughing of the overlying epidermis, and requiring both antibiotics and systemic corticosteroids for complete resolution. The patients usually have demonstrable Gram-negative or Gram-positive infection, of non-cutaneous origin, and underlying systemic disease. Vacuolopathic necrosis of epidermal keratinocytes, and damaged vascular endothelium of the dermal blood vessels can be demonstrated by light and electron microscopy, as well as by lectin studies. Immunocytochemical studies reveal the presence of activated macrophages and T lymphocytes. We believe the syndrome is due to lipopolysaccharide-induced or bacterial mitogen-induced tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), secreted by previously primed activated macrophages in a second-set response. TNF-alpha characteristically injures endothelial cells and epidermal keratinocytes. It is thought to induce its cytotoxic effects partly via neutrophil degranulation, and partly via DNAase activation, with resultant DNA fragmentation and cell lysis. Corticosteroids have been shown not only to inhibit TNF-alpha secretion by activated macrophages, but also to block its cytotoxicity, thus accounting for the extremely rapid clinical response to this drug in conjunction with adequate and appropriate antibiotic therapy.
Thiazolidinediones for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis — Promising but Not Ready for Prime Time
Authors: Arthur J. McCullough
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Mostly unrecognized before 1980, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease now affects all fields of clinical medicine and is the most common form of chronic liver disease in the United States.1 The prevalence of this disorder is expected to increase with the epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Its prevalence in non-Western countries is also increasing,2 in large part because of globalization of the Western diet. Data based on ultrasonographic studies and serum enzyme measurements indicate that the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the general U.S. population is approximately 30%.1,3 This suggests that there may be as . . .
Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Itzhak Jacoby
Journal: JAMA (1981)

A model was developed that describes the flow of residents through the graduate medical education (GME) system (derived from anonymous GME histories of the 160,000 US medical school graduates [1960 to 1977] on the American Medical Association's physician's master file in 1979). The model showed ultimate specialty distribution among practitioners as a function of specialty distribution among residents at entry to GME indicating that an increase in family practice residents will probably yield an increase in primary care practitioners, owing to the lower level of attrition from family practice residencies as opposed to specialists in internal medicine and pediatrics. Increases in first-year family medicine residencies led to decreases in primary care residencies as a whole led to increases in internal medicine subspecialists but to decreases in surgical subspecialists.
Rat liver adenyl cyclase activity in various thyroid states
Authors: Judith K. Jones, Faramarz Ismail-Beigi, Isidore S. Edelman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

Thyroidectomized and euthyroid rats were injected with three doses of triiodothyronine (T(3)) or of the diluent over a 6 day period, and liver homogenates were assayed for basal, epinephrine-stimulated, and NaF-stimulated adenyl cyclase activity. Based on NaF-stimulated levels, total adenyl cyclase activity, expressed per milligram of liver protein, was increased after thyroidectomy. Administration of T(3) to either hypothyroid or euthyroid rats, however, had no effect on the NaF-stimulated levels. Basal and epinephrine-stimulated enzyme activities were the same in hypothyroid, euthyroid, and hyperthyroid (euthyroid + T(3)) liver homogenates. In contrast, injections of T(3) in hypothyroid rats increased the activities of basal and epinephrine-stimulated adenyl cyclase. In view of the findings in euthyroid and hyperthyroid liver, it is possible that this effect is transient. In general, no correlation was found between the effects of thyroid hormone on respiration and on adenyl cyclase activity of the rat liver. These results imply that the hepatic thermogenic response to thyroid hormone is not mediated by stimulation of adenyl cyclase activity with the possible exception of the early effects of T(3) in the athyroid rat.
VALUE OF DOPPLER-DERIVED ACCELERATION AND EJECTION TIMES FROM RESTING TRANSTHORACIC ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN DISCRIMINATING TRUE SEVERE FROM PSEUDO-SEVERE STENOSIS IN THE SYNDROME OF LOW-FLOW LOW-GRADIENT AORTIC STENOSIS
Authors: Adrian A. Chong, Kim A. Connelly, Jeremy M. Edwards, Alison L. Hokkanen, Chi-Ming Chow, Howard Leong-Poi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
A mouse model of Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis infection produced by coinjection with sand fly saliva.
Authors: J Samuelson, E Lerner, R Tesh, R Titus
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

To development a reliable murine model of Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis infection, parasites were injected into BALB/c mice in the presence of phlebotomine sand fly salivary gland lysates, which have previously been shown to greatly increase the infectivity of L. major in mice. When injected with salivary gland lysates, L. braziliensis braziliensis produced progressively enlarging cutaneous nodules, containing many macrophages filled with Leishmania amastigotes. In contrast, L. braziliensis injected without gland extracts produced small and rapidly regressing lesions. Isoenzyme analysis, monoclonal antibodies, and the polymerase chain reaction with L. braziliensis-specific oligonucleotide primers and probes confirmed that parasites causing the lesions were L. braziliensis.
Dialysis vs Transplant
Authors: Richard J. Howard, John S. Najarian
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> We again find it necessary to correct some errors made by John Kemph, MD, in his reply to our letter to the editor (239:830, 1978). This letter, in turn, corrected some misconceptions in his discussion of the relative merits of dialysis and transplantation (237: 2532, 1977). In his reply he asks why members of transplant teams have not been tissue-typed and are not "eagerly awaiting the opportunity to serve as a donor at the earliest opportunity." Dr Kemph apparently fails to understand that results with unrelated living donors are no better than those with cadaver donors. Therefore, no transplant center currently would use an unrelated living donor. Live donors are only used if they are close relatives.
Termination of Professional Relationships With Patients
Authors: Margaret Lester DiCorleto
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I was pleased to find the SPECIAL COMMUNICATION "Terminating the Physician-Patient Relationship in Primary Care" (241:819, 1979). Too often the importance of the relationship between physician and patient is ignored, yet the interaction between physical and psychological functioning cannot be denied. Physicians may find that even absences because of vacation may result in some of the patient behaviors described by the authors. I would like to mention that psychiatrists and social workers are not the only professionals familiar with the concept of termination. Psychologists have contributed voluminously to the literature on this subject.