tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The ETS Protein MEF Plays a Critical Role in Perforin Gene Expression and the Development of Natural Killer and NK-T Cells
Authors: H.Daniel Lacorazza, Yasushi Miyazaki, Antonio Di Cristofano, Anthony Deblasio, Cyrus Hedvat, Jin Zhang, Carlos Cordon-Cardo, Shifeng Mao, Pier Paolo Pandolfi, Stephen D. Nimer
Journal: Immunity (2002)
Controlling and Ultimately Ending the HIV/AIDS Pandemic
Authors: Gregory K. Folkers, Anthony S. Fauci
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The neuroepithelial stem cell protein nestin is a marker of the companion cell layer of the adult and developing human hair follicle
Authors: D. Krahl, K. Sellheyer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Background The interface between the inner root sheath (IRS) and the outer root sheath (ORS) represents a slippage plane for the hair shaft to evolve from the pilar canal to the skin surface. Interposed between the IRS and ORS is a single cell layer which is believed to represent the angle point of that slippage plane, termed the companion cell layer (CCL). The CCL is cited in most of the literature as part of the ORS. Objectives To describe the expression pattern of nestin, a neuroepithelial stem cell protein, in the adult and developing human hair follicle. Methods Immunohistochemical evaluation with a monoclonal antibody against nestin was performed using standard techniques. Results Nestin is selectively expressed in the CCL of the adult anagen and late stage fetal hair follicles. Early stages of hair follicle development are negative for nestin expression. Conclusions The selective demarcation of the CCL by nestin highlights the unique feature of this follicular cell layer and raises the question of whether the CCL should not be better conceptualized as a part of the IRS rather than the ORS. The results of the present study, together with published ultrastructural data, also suggest that the slippage plane for the evolving hair shaft may be located at the interface between the CCL and the ORS.
Rapid Androgen Cycling as Treatment for Patients with Prostate Cancer
Authors: David Feltquate, Luke Nordquist, Caitlin Eicher, Michael Morris, Oren Smaletz, Susan Slovin, Tracy Curley, Andrew Wilton, Martin Fleisher, Glenn Heller, Howard I. Scher
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the safety and feasibility of rapid androgen cycling for men with progressive prostate cancer. Experimental Design: Schedule 1 included a 4-week induction of androgen depletion, followed by 4-week treatment cycles of a monthly gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, testosterone on days 1 to 7, and an estrogen patch on days 8 to 21. Schedule 2 included a 12-week induction of androgen depletion followed by 4-week cycles of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and testosterone, but no estrogens for patients with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) nadir &amp;lt;1 ng/mL after induction. The primary end point was serially declining PSA trough values over six treatment cycles. Results: Thirty-six patients were treated; 27 were evaluable after cycling, of whom 8 of 12 (67%) and 9 of 15 (60%) on schedules 1 and 2, respectively, reached the end point. Five patients with PSA &amp;gt;1 ng/mL following induction did not cycle. No patient progressed radiographically or clinically during cycling. Three posttherapy PSA patterns were observed: a decline followed by a rapid increase in trough levels, a sustained decline with a plateau at a detectable nadir, and a decline to an undetectable nadir. Mean testosterone levels were castrate at the time of trough and in the normal physiologic range following androgen repletion. Major toxicities included grades 1 and 2 fatigue, hepatitis, gynecomastia, and hot flashes. Conclusions: Rapid hormonal cycling is feasible and well tolerated, and successive declines in PSA troughs are achievable. Although the sample size was small, the proportion of patients achieving declining PSA at the end of six cycles was comparable with that reached with continuous androgen depletion therapy.
Membrane Type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression in Human Atherosclerotic Plaques
Authors: Tripathi B. Rajavashisth, Xiao-Ping Xu, Stefan Jovinge, Simcha Meisel, Xiao-Ou Xu, Ning-Ning Chai, Michael C. Fishbein, Sanjay Kaul, Bojan Cercek, Behrooz Sharifi, Prediman K. Shah
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background —Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are expressed in atherosclerotic plaques, where in their active form, they may contribute to vascular remodeling and plaque disruption. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that membrane type 1 MMP (MT1-MMP), a novel transmembrane MMP that activates pro-MMP-2 (gelatinase A), is expressed in human atherosclerotic plaques and that its expression is regulated by proinflammatory molecules. Methods and Results —MT1-MMP expression was examined in normal and atherosclerotic human arteries by immunocytochemistry with specific antibodies. MT1-MMP expression in human saphenous vein–derived smooth muscle cells (SMCs) maintained in tissue culture was determined under basal conditions and in response to proinflammatory molecules (interleukin [IL]-1α, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, and oxidized LDL [ox-LDL]) by use of Northern blot and ribonuclease protection assays for mRNA, Western blot and immunoprecipitation for protein, and gelatin zymography for catalytic activity. Medial SMCs of normal vessel wall expressed MT1-MMP. In atherosclerotic arteries, MT1-MMP expression was noted within the complex atheroma colocalizing with SMCs and macrophages (Mφ). Cultured SMCs constitutively expressed MT1-MMP mRNA and protein, which increased 2- to 4-fold over control in a time-dependent manner within 4 to 8 hours of exposure to IL-1α, TNF-α, and ox-LDL (thiobarbituric acid–reactive substances, 13.4 nmol/mg LDL protein), whereas native LDL had no effect. Flow cytometry revealed MT1-MMP expression by human monocyte-derived Mφ, which increased 3.8-fold over baseline within 6 hours after exposure to 10 ng/mL TNF-α. Conclusions —This study demonstrates that MT1-MMP, an activator of pro-MMP-2, is expressed by SMCs and Mφ in human atherosclerotic plaques. Furthermore, proinflammatory molecules upregulate MT1-MMP expression in vascular SMCs and Mφ. Thus, activation of SMCs and Mφ by proinflammatory molecules may influence extracellular matrix remodeling in atherosclerosis by regulating MT1-MMP expression.
Time to Think — About Socialized Medicine
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

A SENIOR surgical colleague had embossed upon his loose-leaf notebook the simple motto, "To plan time is to save time." Unfortunately, it is a difficult motto to follow in medicine because sickness is not usually amenable to planning. Nevertheless, the proper use of time is doubtless one of the most important things in which students should be guided and in which one constantly has to discipline oneself. At a recent meeting of members of the Royal College of Physicians, a young consultant complained of the lack of time for thinking in the present-day practice of medicine. He suggested that the . . .
The paradoxical patent ductus arteriosus
Authors: Kathryn N. Ivey, Deepak Srivastava
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2006)

The ductus arteriosus (DA) is a vessel whose patency is required for fetal survival but is incompatible with postnatal life. Because of developmental insufficiency, the DA in preterm infants often fails to close in a condition known as patent DA (PDA). Although COX inhibitors can be used to close the PDA by lowering circulating prostaglandin levels, their effectiveness is correlated with birth weight, and severely premature infants often require surgical repair. Paradoxically, targeted deletion of COX pathway components in mice results in PDA. In this issue of the JCI, Yokoyama et al. describe dual roles for prostaglandins in DA development and closure, offering new insights into the mechanism of negative effects of COX inhibitors that may influence the treatment of severely premature infants with PDA and lead to improvement of their outcomes (see the related article beginning on page 3026).
Superior Visualization of Hepatic Metastases with Tc-99m Disofenin as Compared with Tc-99m Sulfur Colloid
Authors: AMARJIT S. KOCHAR
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

A patient who had adenocarcinoma of the lung with liver metastases is presented in whom both liver scan and cholescintigraphic studies were performed. The visualization of hepatic metastases appeared superior with Tc-99m disofenin as compared with Tc-99m sulfur colloid. Disofenin cholescintigraphy has proven to be an extremely useful method for evaluating biliary tract disease, however, its usefulness can be maximized by performing and evaluating the multiview hepatic phase of the study as well.
Treatment of acute sickle cell crises with a vasopressin analogue
Authors: Samuel Charache, Martha A. Moyer, W. Gordon Walker
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

Abstract Eight patients with sickle cell anemia were treated for acute painful crises with DDAVP and intravenous fluids; five were treated with placebo and the same regimen of fluid administration. Although hyponatremia was produced in both treatment groups, duration of hospitalization did not differ between them, nor did it differ from concurrent hospitalization of other patients who received conventional treatment. Safe induction of hyponatremia required intensive laboratory surveillance, and serum sodium could be lowered without use of DDAVP. These data suggest that a controlled trial hyponatremia for acute sickle cell crises should not be performed.
Neutropenia during treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with levamisole.
Authors: G T Williams, S A Johnson, P A Dieppe, E C Huskisson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1978)

Of 60 patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with levamisole 35% showed a persistent decrease in neutrophil counts from pre-treatment levels and 6 (10%) develped severe neutropenia of less than 1.0 X 10(9)/1. One of these neutropenic patients recoverd without stopping therapy and the other 5 patients recovered rapidly when the drug was withdrawn. In some patients neutropenia recurred on reinstitution of levamisole.
Differential Clinical Outcomes Associated With Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Abhinav Goyal, Shamir R. Mehta, Rafael Díaz, Hertzel C. Gerstein, Rizwan Afzal, Denis Xavier, Lisheng Liu, Prem Pais, Salim Yusuf
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— In patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), hyperglycemia predicts death, but the prognostic significance of hypoglycemia is controversial. Methods and Results— We evaluated the prognostic significance of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia in 30 536 AMI patients in a post hoc analysis of 2 large trials of glucose-insulin-potassium therapy in AMI. Glucose levels on admission and at 6 and 24 hours after admission, as well as 30-day mortality, were documented. In separate multivariable Cox models for admission and postadmission glucose, we compared the prognostic value of hypoglycemia (≤70 mg/dL) and hyperglycemia (≥140 mg/dL) with normoglycemia (&gt;70 and &lt;140 mg/dL). Analyses were repeated with hypoglycemia defined as glucose ≤60 mg/dL and in key subgroups based on diabetes or insulin (glucose-insulin-potassium) allocation status. Both high and low percentiles of admission glucose predicted increased 30-day mortality. However, for postadmission glucose, this U-shaped relationship was attenuated so that only high and not low glucose levels remained prognostic. Hyperglycemia (≥140 mg/dL), both on admission (adjusted hazard ratio 1.43, 95% confidence interval 1.32 to 1.56, P &lt;0.0001) and after admission (adjusted hazard ratio 1.47, 95% confidence interval 1.31 to 1.66, P &lt;0.0001), predicted death compared with normoglycemia. In contrast, hypoglycemia (glucose ≤70 mg/dL) on admission was not prognostic (adjusted hazard ratio 1.16, 95% confidence interval 0.84 to 1.62, P =0.37), nor was postadmission hypoglycemia (adjusted hazard ratio 0.96, 95% confidence interval 0.72 to 1.26, P =0.75). Exploratory analyses that redefined hypoglycemia as glucose ≤60 mg/dL showed consistent results, as did analyses restricted to diabetic patients (18% of the study population). Postadmission hypoglycemia was more common in insulin (glucose-insulin-potassium)–treated patients (6.9%) than in untreated patients (3.4%) but did not predict mortality in either subgroup. Conclusions— Both admission and postadmission hyperglycemia predict 30-day death in AMI patients. In contrast, only hypoglycemia on admission predicted death, and this relationship dissipated after admission. These data suggest hypoglycemia may not be a direct mediator of adverse outcomes in AMI patients.
Pulmonary Vascular Responses to Serotonin and Effects of Certain Serotonin Antagonists
Authors: JOHN C. ROSE, ERIC J. TAZARO
Journal: Circulation Research (1958)

Serotonin was the most potent pulmonary vasoconstrictor studied in an experimental preparation in which drugs injected into the pulmonary artery are temporarily excluded from the systemic circulation. Alterations in bronchomotor tone did not approach those produced by acetylcholine. Simultaneous systemic vascular or cardiac reflexes were not noted. Promethazine, LSD-25 and its 2-brom derivative were potent blockers of serotonin effects in the pulmonary circulation.
Cinematic Three-Dimensional Surface Display of Cardiac Blood Pool Tomography
Authors: NORINARI HONDA, KIKUO MACHIDA, TERUO TAKISHIMA, TOSHIO MAMIYA, TAKU TAKAHASHI, TSUYOSHI KAMANO, SATOSHI TAMAKI, RYUICHI BAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

A method of three-dimensional cinematic display (3D cine) of cardiac blood pool tomography is described. ECG-gated transaxial blood pool imaging was obtained from a set of projection images that were collected from 32 images with 10 ECG-gated images per projection during a 180° arc of a rotating gamma camera. A surface contour of the blood pool was determined by a set of isocount lines (40-55% of the maximum pixel counts) of the transaxial images. 3D cine was made by a depthshading method, in which brightness of a given point on the contour was set proportional to the distance between the viewing plane and the point and to the incident angle formed by the viewing line and the surface of the point. In 15 patients, 3D cine showed hypokinesia, akinesia, dyskinesia, ventricular aneurysm, and opposite motions of the atria and ventricles. Diagnoses of left ventricular motion by 3D cine agreed well with those by echocardiography and contrast left ventriculography.
House dust mite, <i>Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus</i>, and its allergens: effects of washing
Authors: A. ANDERSEN, J. ROESEN
Journal: Allergy (1989)

The study was undertaken to evaluate the effect washing at various temperatures would have on the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus , and its allergens. Young and old mite cultures underwent a simulated washing programme. To record the number of live mites prior to and after washing a new counting method was applied. The findings demonstrated that although washing reduced the number of live mites, a washing programme at minimum temperature 58°C was required in order to achieve complete extermination of the house dust mites. A distinct protein loss was observed when washing at higher temperature, thus further reducing the total allergen pool without loss of allergen activity as determined by direct RAST.
Membranous glomerulonephritis, dermatomyositis, and bronchial carcinoma.
Authors: J D Rose
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Membranous glomerulonephritis, dermatomyositis, and bronchial carcinomaMembranous glomerulonephritis is associated with malignant disease in about 100°, of cases.'The prevalence of neoplasia in patients with dermatomyositis is estimated at 15-20%o in those aged over 45.2The occurrence of membranous glomerulonephritis with dermato- myositis is extremely unusual and in the one documented case malig- nancy was not implicated.3 Case reportA woman aged 58 years presented with ankle swelling and proteinuria..She smoked 20-30 cigarettes a day, was taking no medication, and was normotensive.Urine microscopy showed red cells with granular and cellular casts.The proteinuria was selective and amounted to 5-2 g/24 h.Serum con- centrations were as follows: albumnin 25 g/l, urea 6-8 mmol/l (41 mg/100 ml), and creatinine 129 /umol/l (1-46 mg/100 ml), ESR 50 mm in 1 h, and C3 1-28 U (0-8-1-4).A renal biopsy specimen showed diffuse capillary loop thickening and basement membrane spikes (figure).Immunofluorescence showed granular
[766] NON INVASIVE TESTS OF LIVER FIBROSIS IN NAFLD
Authors: A.L. Tropet, F. Laine, V. de Ledinghen, Y. Deugnier, F. Oberti, N. Dib, M.C. Rousselet, J.F. Cadranel, V. Ratziu, X. Causse, B. Le Bail, P. Cales
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Incidence and prevalence of multiple allergic disorders recorded in a national primary care database
Authors: Colin R Simpson, John Newton, Julia Hippisley-Cox, Aziz Sheikh
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2008)

Summary Background The co-existence of allergic conditions, food allergy, eczema, allergic rhinitis, asthma and anaphylaxis is thought to be increasing. Analysis of primary healthcare data-sets offers the possibility to advance understanding about the changing epidemiology of multiple allergic disorders. Aim To investigate recent trends in the recorded incidence, lifetime prevalence and consulting behaviour of patients with multiple allergic disorders in England. Methods QRESEARCH is one of the world's largest national aggregated health databases containing the records of over nine million patients (including those who have left or died). Data were extracted on all patients with a recorded diagnosis of multiple allergic disorders, and annual age–sex standardized incidence and lifetime period prevalence rates were calculated for each year from 2001 to 2005. We also analysed the consulting behaviour of these patients when compared with the rest of the QRESEARCH database population. Results The age–sex standardized incidence of multiple allergic disorders was 4.72 per 1000 person-years in 2001 and increased by 32.9% to 6.28 per 1000 patients in 2005 (p&lt;0.001). Lifetime age–sex standardized prevalence of a recorded diagnosis of multiple allergic disorders increased by 48.9% from 31.00 per 1000 in 2001 to 46.16 in 2005 (p&lt;0.001). Over this period, the mean consultation rate to general practitioners for these patients increased from 4.68 to 4.90 consultations per person per year. Conclusions Recorded incidence and lifetime prevalence of multiple allergic disorders in England have increased substantially in recent years.
Effects of experimental heart failure on the capacity of glucagon to augment myocardial contractility and activate adenyl cyclase
Authors: Herman K. Gold, Kirk H. Prindle, Gerald S. Levey, Stephen E. Epstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

Although glucagon exerts positive inotropic effects in patients with no or mild impairment of cardiac function, similar effects are not consistently observed in patients with chronic heart failure. Accordingly, the inotropic effects of glucagon on papillary muscles from normal cats and cats in which right ventricular failure had been produced for 4-145 days by pulmonary artery banding were compared. At the peak of the concentration-response curve, glucagon increased peak isometric tension (T) in normal muscles from 4.4+/-0.4 to 6.6+/-0.5 g/mm(2) (P <0.001), and maximum rate of tension development (dT/dt) from 16.9+/-0.9 to 25.1+/-1.6 g/sec per mm(2) (P < 0.001). In contrast, glucagon produced no significant increases in T or dT/dt in failure muscles. The percentage increases in T and dT/dt caused by norepinephrine were the same in muscles from normal and failing hearts. Since the cardiac effects of glucagon and norepinephrine may be mediated by adenyl cyclase, responsiveness of adenyl cyclase was determined in particulate fractions of the right ventricle. Glucagon activated adenyl cyclase in normal, but had no effect in failure preparations. Norepinephrine-induced activation of adenyl cyclase, however, was unaltered by failure. Thus, in contrast to norepinephrine, glucagon loses the capacity to augment myocardial contractility and activate adenyl cyclase in hearts derived from cats in chronic failure.
Multiple comparisons in long-term toxicity studies.
Authors: L Hothorn
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

Several multiple comparison procedures (MCPs) are discussed in relation to the specific formulation of type I and type II errors in toxicity studies and the typical one-way design control versus k treatment/dose groups. Examples for these MCPs are: the standard many-to-one MCP (Dunnett's procedure), sequential rejection modifications, closed testing procedures, many-to-one MCPs with an ordered alternative hypothesis, procedures based on the assumption of a mixing distribution of responders and nonresponders, and MCP's for multiple end points.
Hepatobiliary organic anion transporters are differentially regulated in acute toxic liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride
Authors: Andreas Geier, Suk Kyum Kim, Thomas Gerloff, Christoph G Dietrich, Frank Lammert, Saul J Karpen, Bruno Stieger, Peter J Meier, Siegfried Matern, Carsten Gartung
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Clinical Utilization of Perfusion Lung Scans in the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Emboli
Authors: HAROLD MOSKOWITZ, CAROLYN R. SPENCER, RICHARD P. SPENCER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1983)

To study the utilization of perfusion lung scans, the records of 116 consecutive patients who had “pulmonary embolus” (PE) as a discharge diagnosis were reviewed. The PE group was identical to the control group in the percent of male patients and of white patients. However, the PE group was older (60.4 versus 47.5 years), had a higher percentage of smokers (53.1 versus 34), and had a higher proportion of obese individuals (39.6 versus 25) than controls. Mortality was significantly greater in the PE patients (9.5% versus 1%) as was the length of hospital stay (21 versus 9 days). The PE group had more chest x-rays than did controls (6.1 versus 1.8) and had a higher percentage of lung scans (95.7 versus 5). While 95.7% of the patients diagnosed as having PE were studied by perfusion lung scans, 4.3% had none. Further, 18.1% had only one lung scan. Of 111 patients with perfusion lung scans, 3.6% were discharged with a diagnosis of PE despite a negative study. While clinical acceptance of perfusion lung scans is high, some patients diagnosed as having pulmonary emboli did not have a scan but underwent other diagnostic tests, while a small group of others were assigned the diagnosis despite a negative lung scan. This points to the need for better communication with referring clinicians.