tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Loss of p53 and altered miR15-a/16-1→MCL-1 pathway in CLL: insights from TCL1-Tg:p53−/− mouse model and primary human leukemia cells
Authors: J Liu, G Chen, L Feng, W Zhang, H Pelicano, F Wang, M A Ogasawara, W Lu, H M Amin, C M Croce, M J Keating, P Huang
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Book Review Thyroid Hormone Metabolism: Regulation and Clinical Implications (Current Issues in Endocrinology and Metabolism.) Edited by Sing-Yung Wu. 346 pp., illustrated. Boston, Blackwell Scientific, 1991. $74.95. (Distributed in the U.S. by Mosby—Year Book, St. Louis.)
Authors: John B. Stanbury, Jacques Dumont
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)
Effect of substance P on basal and thyrotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated thyrotropin release in humans
Authors: V. Coiro, R. Volpi, L. Capretti, D. Gramellini, C. Cigarini, C. Papadia, A. Caiazza, G. Caffarri, P. Caffarra, P. Chiodera
Journal: Metabolism (1995)
MIDLAND BRANCH: ON THE WORKING OF THE WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION ACT OF 1906
Authors: W. H. B. Brook
Journal: BMJ (1910)

TMXDI°C Bms 33 A2hristian Science, which, whatever may be said against it, is a sign of the times in which we live, and has come -to stop.I have briefly and I fear inadequately outlined our posi.-tion nowadays as contrasted with that of our forerunners in the last generation.The net result can be tersely summed up thus: Increasing expenses, decreasing in.comes.In many cases the causes are unavoidable, the results natural, and the remedies yet to seek.We are
The Patient as Partner: A Theory of Human-Experimentation Ethics
Authors: Stanley J. Reiser
Journal: JAMA (1988)

As the decade of the 1940s began, private and governmental support of medical research was meager. By the middle of the 1950s it had grown dramatically to about $240 million. Today it is a flourishing, multibillion-dollar enterprise, with a glowing future of potential accomplishment. The technological component of this research growth has been matched by increased understanding of its significant ethical dimensions, particularly regarding the use of human subjects. From the nadir of the Nazi experiments in World War II, social and medical advances have occurred whose milestones are mainly codes and government regulations: 1946, the Nuremberg Code; 1953, the British Medical Research Council's Memorandum on Clinical Investigations; 1964, the Declaration of Helsinki; 1966, the US Public Health Service's requiring institutional review of experimental protocols involving humans; and 1974, passage of the National Research Act in the United States, establishing a National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of
Robert Malcolm Moffitt
Authors: J. Chippendale
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Robert Malcolm Moffitt (“Bob”) graduated from Cambridge with a degree in modern languages, but after national service in the Royal Air Force Education Branch and a short spell with Guinness he switched to medicine. He began training at St Mary’s Hospital at the age of 23. In 1959, and opting to work in general practice, he joined the old established King Street practice in …
Marketing and medicine. Why advertising is not an issue
Authors: R. A. Wright
Journal: JAMA (1983)

ADVERTISING has been a controversial issue in the health profession for at least a decade. Professional societies have traditionally discouraged or prohibited client or patient solicitation efforts by their members. Many professions have belatedly considered themselves out of the mainstream of the competitive marketplace. However, recent rulings by the Supreme Court and lower federal courts have upheld the right of health care practitioners to advertise. Furthermore, the introduction and expansion of advertising in several health-related professions have promoted more competitive pricing, higher consumer awareness, better service, and decreased overall cost.<sup>1</sup>Thus, advertising and more manifest client solicitation techniques have broken into the formerly untouched territory of the health professions.<sup>2</sup> A recent exploratory survey of physicians' attitudes at a regional meeting of the American College of Physicians disclosed strong sentiments against any type of public advertisement of physicians' services.<sup>3,4</sup>Furthermore, almost all respondents were of the opinion that
Nina Alexander Bernard Tulloch (nee Verity)
Authors: D. Newton, E. Newton
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Despite having won a bursary on entering medical school, two academic scholarships, and a gold medal in finals, Nina Alexander Bernard Tulloch (nee Verity) declined an academic career after being appointed the first female resident at the Royal Infirmary Edinburgh. The year was 1937 and she was unpaid. During the …
Use of Metolazone in the Treatment of Ascites due to Liver Disease
Authors: P. Hillenbrand, S. Sherlock
Journal: BMJ (1971)

In 8 out of 20 patients with chronic liver disease ascites was controlled with metolazone, 10 required additional amiloride or spironolactone to achieve control, and 2 were resistant to all diuretic therapy. An initial dose of 5 mg daily is suggested, though much higher doses may be required ultimately. When metolazone is used alone the high incidence of hypokalaemia (80%), hypochloraemia (35%), and encephalopathy (35%) compared with the results of other series is a major disadvantage and indicates that this drug should be used with caution in patients with liver disease. Hypokalaemia can usually be prevented by the simultaneous administration of amiloride or spironolactone. The low incidence of azotaemia (5%) suggests that this diuretic may be useful if renal function is particularly impaired.
Screening for HIV in necropsies.
Authors: M. Dupon, J. F. Bonnici, J. D. Poveda, H. Fleury, J. Y. Lacut, J. Doignon, H. J. Lazarini
Journal: BMJ (1989)

common in those receiving propranolol compared with placebo and diuretics (table ).Incidence of transmural infarction shown on electro- cardiography (Minnesota code 11.3) with a diuretic, 1i blocker, and placebo from MRC mild hypertension study.6 Results are rates/JOO0 person years Bendrofluazide Propranolol Placebo Myocardial infarction 22-7*t 16.8* 19 8 *Significantly different from placebo, p<O05.tSignificantly different from propranolol, p<OOOl.Thus there is evidence for primary prevention of myocardial infarction with 13 blockers (though this is less pronounced than in stroke), and doctors should not be in too much of a hurry to prescribe the latest "flavour of the week" based on the results of blood biochemistry.
Is there a role for troponin-I in the risk stratification of stable asymptomatic hemodialysis patients?
Authors: Michael E. Farkouh, Michael J. Robbins, M.Urool Zafar, Daichi Shimbo, Jonathan L. Halperin, Karina Davidson, Rupa Volate, Edward M. Epstein, Mayank Patel, Zvi Talor, James H. Chesebro
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF CHICK EMBRYO SKIN ORGAN CULTURES TO INFLUENZA VIRUS FOLLOWING EXCESS VITAMIN A
Authors: J. S. Huang, F. B. Bang
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1964)

The conversion of chick embryonic epidermis to mucous epithelium by excess vitamin A in organ culture as reported by Fell and Mellanby (5) was shown to be accompanied by a corresponding change of susceptibility to influenza and vaccinia viruses. Untreated epidermis of 10- to 12-day chick embryos supported the growth of influenza (PR8) virus in organ cultures and a maximum infectivity (EID(50)) titer was reached 2 to 3 days after infection. At the same time) the epidermis showed squamous keratinization, beginning about the 4th day of cultivation. Addition of excess vitamin A (40 microg per ml) to the skin organ culture induced the following changes: (a) mucous metaplasia of the epidermis which was usually first evident after 4 to 5 days in the vitamin A medium, (b) increase in the daily and maximum yield of influenza virus, if the epidermis had been grown for 4 or more days in the vitamin A medium before infection took place, and (c) decrease in the production of vaccinia virus under similar conditions. The maximum yield of both viruses remained unchanged, however, if excess vitamin A was introduced to the organ culture at the time of virus inoculation. The magnitude of increase in the yield of influenza virus in this organ culture system was found to be proportionally related to the concentration of vitamin A added 4 or more days before inoculation of this virus. Increasing doses of vitamin A however, had no effect on the short-term growth of influenza virus in tissue cultures of chorio-allantoic membrane. Observation on the early period (2 to 12 hours) of influenza virus growth initiated in the 4-day organ cultures of chick embryonic skin showed no significant difference in virus production between the normal and the vitamin A medium groups. The change of virus specificity apparently is not due to the presence of excess vitamin A per se, but appears to be related to the change of differentiation produced in the organ culture system.
Pathogenesis of arteritis of SL/Ni mice. Possible lytic effect of anti-gp70 antibodies on vascular smooth muscle cells.
Authors: M Miyazawa, M Nose, M Kawashima, M Kyogoku
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1987)

The SL/Ni strain of mice spontaneously develops a necrotizing polyarteritis (NPA) that is histologically quite similar to human polyarteritis nodosa. This NPA most frequently affected parametrial tissues and/or ovaries of females and small arterioles of the major salivary glands. Electron microscopic studies of early arterial lesions revealed massive budding of C-type particles from arterial smooth muscle cells just before or at the onset of arteritis. In addition, binding of mouse IgG and C3 to the plasma membrane of virus-producing smooth muscle cells was shown by immunoelectron microscopy. Antibody-bound muscle cells showed disintegration of their plasma membrane, but degeneration and necrosis of muscle cells were not associated with dense infiltration of neutrophils. SL/Ni mice had natural antibodies that bound specifically to a fibroblast cell line infected with an endogenous ecotropic murine leukemia virus (MuLV) recovered from a SL/Ni mouse. Most of the natural antibodies were cytotoxic in the presence of murine complement. Western blot immunoassays revealed that among 14 SL/Ni female mice tested, all of the 9 mice that were affected by arteritis had anti-gp70 antibodies, while the 3 anti-gp70- mice were not affected. The presence of anti-p30 or anti-p15 (anti-p12) antibodies, which were also detected in some SL/Ni mice, did not correlate with the development of arteritis. These results strongly support the hypothesis that NPA in SL/Ni mice is mediated by the lysis of arterial smooth muscle cells due to the deposition of cytotoxic natural antibodies directed to cell membrane-bound gp70 molecules of an endogenous ecotropic MuLV.
The Epidemiology of Homicide in the City of Los Angeles, 1970-1979: A Collaborative Study
Authors: Carl C. Bell
Journal: JAMA (1986)

The authors of this collaborative study appropriately assert that  is a public health problem, for, although  has been considered as in the purview of the criminal justice system, the resources of law enforcement, the judicial system, and penal institutions have not succeeded in reducing the  rate. The authors note that the FBI has concluded that homicide is primarily a societal problem over which law enforcement has little or no control. They further justify public health involvement with interpersonal violence (the end point of which is homicide) by indicating its high toll in illness and death. In 1980,  ranked as the fifth leading cause of death in Los Angeles and ranked even higher when considering blacks and other minorities separately.  Since there are some differences in  rates between various racial and ethnic groups (eg, the lifetime chance of becoming a  victim is about 1 in
Pseudo DNA Autosensitivity
Authors: Philip C. Anderson
Journal: JAMA (1966)

DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID (DNA) autosensitivity of the type described in 1961 by Levin and Pinkus is a syndrome of two principle parts: (1) recurrent, painful, and ecchymotic nodules and plaques on the extremities, and (2) immediate hypersensitivity to injections of DNA, localized to the skin of the affected areas while the same test on the skin of the flank is nonreactive. Other cases have been reported of this recently described and peculiar syndrome.<sup>2,3</sup>All cases occurred in women, in whom the general health was not affected. Significantly, adequate treatment with chloroquine gave unequivocal relief of symptoms in all these patients. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> Our patient was a 13-year-old girl in whom persistent painful swellings developed on the dorsum of the left hand first in February 1964, after a bump with a piece of stovewood. Impressive ecchymotic nodules progressed steadily up the left arm almost to the shoulder and, about
Stress among doctors
Authors: L. Symons, R. Persaud
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,—Having been directly involved in the mental health care of other doctors, we have seen at first hand the high levels of stress and sheer misery among doctors.1 2 We are concerned, however, that the explanations produced for these findings tend to focus the blame on factors external to the profession, such as working conditions, junior doctors' hours, and the need …
Successful Hemospray treatment for recurrent diclofenac-induced severe diffuse lower gastrointestinal bleeding avoiding the need for colectomy
Authors: Thomas Kratt, Jessica Lange, Alfred Königsrainer, Nisar Malek, Patrick Adam, Hans Bösmüller, Martin Goetz
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Endoscopic hemostasis is difficult to obtain in diffuse bleeding from broad lesions in the colon. Hemospray (Cook Medical, Limerick, Ireland) is a mineral-based granular powder that absorbs water and activates the clotting cascade [1]. It is approved for nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding [2] but, other than in Canada, it is not approved for use in the lower gastrointestinal tract. In the case reported here, Hemospray was used as a "last-resort" therapeutic option to avoid an emergency colectomy.
Behavioral and neurochemical effects of prenatal halothane
Authors: Robert E. Bowman, Robert F. Smith
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

Permanent neurobehavioral toxicological effects have been theorized to occur at the lowest doses of a toxic agent if exposure occurs during early development compared to exposure during adulthood. Data are reviewed showing the exposure to 10 ppm of halothane from conception to day 60 of life post-partum led to adult rats (≥ 135 days of age) which were hyperalgesic to electric footshock and which committed 30% more errors learning a light-dark discrimination to escape footshock, or learning the shortest path to a food reward in a maze. Exposure only during adulthood to 10 ppm of halothane (from day 60 of life onwards) had no effects. To determine prenatal periods sensitive to halothane, rats were exposed to 12,500 ppm of halothane (with 35% oxygen) on day 3, 10, or 17 of gestation. As adults (≥ 75 days of age) day 3- and day 10-exposed rats, but not day 17-exposed rats, were hyperalgesic and committed 40% more errors in learning a visual discrimination to escape footshock. Food and water consumption, body weight, and running wheel activity were unaffected. Finally, adult rats exposed to 10, 50, or 100 ppm of halothane from conception to day 28 postpartum had 15% less 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in brain, but normal 5-hydroxytryptophan, noradrenalin, and dopamine. The possibility is discussed that the hyperalgesia noted above results from a permanently reduced turnover of brain serotonin produced by halothane present in brain at days 10-15 of gestation.
Remarks ON PAINLESS PELVIC SURGERY
Authors: F. J. McCann
Journal: BMJ (1925)

ALTHOUIGH the title " Painless Pelvic Surgery " is employed to express an ideal, yet my object is to show that by appropriate care pain and discomfort after pelvic opera- tions may be so minimized that it is justifiable to speak of a " painless operation."The mortality of pelvic opera- tions has been reduced, but post-operative morbidity has not been diminished in proportion to the low mortality rate.An acute or even a chronic painful illness may follow the operation.It is true that this illness may be short and sharp as measured by duration and intensity, but it is none the less difficult to bear; indeed, the mental impression may long remain, and accentuate the " fear of the knife " for all time, besides exerting a subtle effect on the nervous system which may continue for months or years.Vomiting after an anaesthetic is so common that the suffering of the patients is apt to be ignored or for- gotten, yet to them its duration may seem interminable and all the while they are racked with pain.Even this suffering may be dwarfed by the agony endured in consequence of intestinal distension.To be told that "you must bear the pain," or that " every patient has it," is poor comfort when you feel tearing, grinding, and gnawing in your inside.It should be the aim of the surgeon to do his utmost to prevent post-operative pain so that a painless operation may be followed by a painless convalescence.In the mind of the patient the dread of pain after an operation is greater than the dread of the anaesthetic.To prevent pain and discomfort it is essential that certain precautions should be taken before, during, and after these operations.PRECAUTIONS BEFORE AN OPERATION.Abdominal Operations.It is true that the less a woman is disturbed physically or mentally before an operation the better she will be able to face this trying ordeal.Unless the complaint from which she suffers is urgent she should be admitted into the hos- pital or nursing home at least forty-eight hours before the proposed operation, and in certain cases a longer interval is required.The practice of admitting a patient in the evening and operating on her the following morning, unless in emergency cases, should be condemned.
A third of people held by police are not registered with a GP despite health problems
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

People held in custody by the police in London have high levels of general health problems, and nearly a third are not registered with a GP, a new survey has shown.

The researchers found that just under a quarter of detainees had had previous major psychiatric or mental health problems, and 9% had been admitted informally to hospital or had been sectioned under the Mental Health Act ( Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine doi: 10.1016/j.jflm.2007.10.011).

More than half the detainees had a medical condition. Three quarters of detainees with a medical condition had been prescribed a treatment—but only half of these people were taking the prescribed drugs. Conditions included asthma, …
Serological screening of coeliac disease: choosing the optimal procedure according to various prevalence values.
Authors: G Corrao, G R Corazza, M L Andreani, P Torchio, R A Valentini, G Galatola, D Quaglino, G Gasbarrini, F di Orio
Journal: Gut (1994)

The aim of this study was to select the best approach for screening coeliac disease patients among populations with different grades of disease prevalence. The diagnostic performance was assessed of class A and G antigliadin antibodies and class A antiendomysium antibodies in 93 consecutive outpatients with suspected malabsorption, 44 of whom (47%) had coeliac disease according to duodenal histological tests. Class G antigliadin antibodies provided the worst diagnostic values, whereas a high diagnostic validity was found for the other two tests. The positive predictive value corrected for the disease prevalence expected in coeliac disease relatives (5%) and the general population (0.2%) fell to 30% and &lt; 2% respectively for class A antigliadin antibodies, whereas it remained 100% for antiendomysium antibodies in both situations, providing an optimal value for their use as a screening test and as a valid alternative to duodenal biopsy when this is not feasible. The high cost of anti-endomysium antibodies and the invasive nature of duodenal biopsy prevent them being used widely as screening procedures. A cost effective two step approach was simulated measuring class A antigliadin antibodies in all subjects of the target population (first step), and performing a confirmation test (antiendomysium antibodies or duodenal biopsy) only in subjects positive for antigliadin antibodies. The results show that such a procedure should be recommended only for subjects with an expected low disease prevalence--that is, 5% for coeliac disease relatives and 0.2% for the general population--as the positive predictive value was always 100% with an acceptable false negative rate (6% and 11% respectively), irrespective of which of the two confirmation tests was used. This approach avoids the use of the confirmation test in 63% and 89% of subjects respectively for the two levels of prevalence, resulting in a considerable reduction of the cost. Patients seen for suspected malabsorption with an expected high prevalence of coeliac disease should not have such a serological screening procedure. In conclusion, antigliadin antibodies are useful to screen for asymptomatic coeliac disease in non-hospital communities if antiendomysium anti-bodies are used as a confirmation test: the latter is reasonable valid alternative to duodenal biopsy.
The mechanism of ventricular arrhythmia on a canine isolated blood-perfused Brugada syndrome model
Authors: Masaomi Kimura, Takao Kobayashi, Shingen Ohwada, Shingo Sasaki, Tomonori Igarashi, Atsushi Iwasa, Shigeru Motomura, Ken Okumura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Reduced gastric acid output in cirrhosis: Quantitation and relationships
Authors: B. A. Scobie, W. H. J. Summerskill
Journal: Gut (1964)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS Basal and maximal (post-histamine) acid outputs were significantly reduced in patients with cirrhosis.A subnormal secretory response to stimulation with peptone was also found.Gastric hyposecretion was not related to the aetiology or severity of the hepatic disease nor to the extent or presence of a portal-collateral circulation.Increased gastric production of ammonia in cirrhosis did not affect acid output significantly, and the reduced response to histamine was not due to increased serum histaminase activity.Since a significant relationship was demonstrated between hypokalaemia and hyposecretion, and since the output of gastric juice appeared more greatly reduced in volume than acid concentrations, the possibility of a relationship between gastric hyposecretion and disorders of water and electrolyte metabolism is considered.
CD36 may determine our desire for dietary fats
Authors: N. A. Abumrad
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

There is a strong link between high fat intake and obesity. In addition to its high caloric density, dietary fat has a hyperphagic effect, in part as a result of its high palatability. The recent identification by Laugerette et al. of CD36 as a taste receptor for fatty acids provides insight into the molecular basis of our preference for fat. As we gain more information regarding the function of this receptor, we may be able to devise better strategies to address the addictive potential of dietary fat.