tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
After and Before
Authors: Samuel Bigg
Journal: JAMA (1966)

To the Editor:—  Anyone puzzled by the reported return of the AMA survey team from Saigon (AMA-GRAMS, 195 , March 14, adv p 9) before their reported departure (same issue, adv p 36) would do well to brush up on his relativity. According to the theory an event can be seen to happen before or after another depending on the velocity of the observer. If the latter travels faster than the speed of light, past history will unravel itself before his eyes in the reverse order.  Nothing could be simpler. The velocity-mad reporters are now probably watching the battle of Dien Phu.  Looking forward to their next exciting report from their supraorbital vehicle, I am,
Predictive Value of Maximum Standardized Uptake Value (SUVmax) on 18F-FDG PET/CT in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Soo Young Moon, Kwang Ro Joo, Ye Ri So, Jun Uk Lim, Jae Myung Cha, Hyun Phil Shin, You-Jung Yang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

We investigated the prognostic role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the prediction of progression-free survival (PFS) and chemotherapeutic response in patients with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer.We enrolled 21 newly diagnosed patients with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT scanning before palliative gemcitabine-based chemotherapy between 2006 and 2012. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the primary tumor was measured by 18F-FDG PET/CT. Chemotherapeutic response was evaluated according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. Survival analysis was performed for time to progression using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine independent prognostic factors.All pancreatic tumors showed detectable FDG uptake (mean SUVmax = 6.8 ± 3.0, range 2-12) The mean SUVmax values among response groups showed no significant difference (P = 0.853) and chemotherapeutic response was not different according to SUVmax level (P = 0.807). PFS was significantly shorter in the high SUVmax (≥6.8) group than in the low SUVmax (<6.8) group (2.9 vs. 6 months, P = 0.012). Multivariate analysis revealed that SUVmax was an independent prognostic factor for predicting PFS (P = 0.046).Higher SUVmax of primary pancreatic tumor is associated with poor PFS and pretreatment SUVmax is an independent prognostic factor for predicting PFS in patients with locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer who received gemcitabine-based palliative chemotherapy. However, pretreatment SUVmax is not associated with chemotherapeutic response.
Website of the week: MMR
Authors: M. Muminovic
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Although the overwhelming majority of research shows that there is no link between autism and the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine, many parents remain unconvinced. As an article on p 605 of this week's BMJ suggests, repeated media association of MMR and autism has influenced people's understanding of the issues. And as a letter on p 597 shows, some practitioners of complementary medicine, to whom many people turn when they feel let down by mainstream health care, are advising against the MMR vaccination.

In a bid to seize back the initiative, last week the Department of Health launched a website designed to inform parents about MMR. MMR: The Facts (www.mmrthefacts.nhs.uk) sets out a wide range of information, from news stories to clinical research. It is an easy to use and attractively designed site, but can also be viewed in a text only format, ready for printing.

The site is divided into five main sections: “Your Questions Answered”; an MMR library with useful web links and searchable resources; MMR basics; an interactive world map of MMR vaccination coverage, where visitors can see how measles affects children worldwide and read about the World Health Organization's and Unicef's global measles plan; and a section with information about those in charge of the site. If parents have a question that is not already answered by the site, they can pose it to an expert panel.

The Department of Health has another site devoted to MMR (www.doh.gov.uk/mmr), which takes a more academic approach to the history and science of MMR. The site provides an overview of all the major research.
Pneumoperitoneum associated with artificial ventilation.
Authors: B Summers
Journal: BMJ (1979)

Four adults injured in serious road-traffic accidents developed pneumoperitoneum after artificial ventilation. No case could be attributed to injury or to perforation of a hollow viscus in the belly, but doubt about this in one patient resulted in exploratory laparotomy. In three patients the origin of intraperitoneal air was considered to be leakage through minute ruptures in alveoli subjected to the stress of artificial ventilation, with air tracking to the mediastinum, pleural space, subcutaneous tissues of the neck and chest, and peritoneal cavity. The fourth patient later developed herniation of the stomach through a rupture in the diaphragm, the presence of a pneumothorax on the same side suggesting direct passage of air through the diaphragm. Pneumoperitoneum induced by artificial ventilation is probably more common than reports suggest and should be distinguished clinically and radiologically from that caused by rupture or perforation of a hollow viscus. This will reduce the number of needles laparotomies performed on patients who are already seriously ill.
INTRABRONCHIAL METASTASIS OF HYPERNEPHROMA SIMULATING PRIMARY BRONCHIAL CARCINOMA
Authors: C. D. Nofsinger
Journal: JAMA (1942)

There is seldom any difficulty in distinguishing malignant lesions that arise primarily in the lung from those which are borne by the blood and lymphatic vessels from a distant source to the pulmonary tissues and develop as secondary or metastatic growths. In the majority of cases roentgenoscopic appearance is characteristic of a metastatic pulmonary malignant lesion, and even though metastatic nodules may be numerous and large they seldom produce physical signs or symptoms of pulmonary disease unless the pleura is invaded. When metastatic lesions involve the pleura, effusion may develop in sufficient amount to produce dyspnea and physical signs of pleural thickening or hydrothorax. In addition to lack of physical signs and symptoms of pulmonary disease in metastatic pulmonary lesions, a primary malignant tumor is usually readily detectable in some other portion of the body. In contrast to metastatic pulmonary malignant lesions, a primary malignant lesion in the lung usually
Toward unraveling the complexity of simple epithelial keratins in human disease
Authors: M. Bishr Omary, Nam-On Ku, Pavel Strnad, Shinichiro Hanada
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Simple epithelial keratins (SEKs) are found primarily in single-layered simple epithelia and include keratin 7 (K7), K8, K18–K20, and K23. Genetically engineered mice that lack SEKs or overexpress mutant SEKs have helped illuminate several keratin functions and served as important disease models. Insight into the contribution of SEKs to human disease has indicated that K8 and K18 are the major constituents of Mallory-Denk bodies, hepatic inclusions associated with several liver diseases, and are essential for inclusion formation. Furthermore, mutations in the genes encoding K8, K18, and K19 predispose individuals to a variety of liver diseases. Hence, as we discuss here, the SEK cytoskeleton is involved in the orchestration of several important cellular functions and contributes to the pathogenesis of human liver disease.
Abstract 147: Identification of miRNA associated with chemoresponse using combined clinical, population, and cellular data in lung cancer
Authors: Joseph J. Putila, Lan Guo
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Introduction: MiRNA are potentially important moderators of chemoresponse in human cancer due to their widespread regulatory function. Identification of a set of clinically validated and biologically relevant miRNA could serve as potential markers for prognostication, chemoresponse prediction, and novel therapeutic targets. The objective of this study was to utilize population, clinical, and cell-line data as an integrative approach to identifying miRNA showing a consistent association with chemoresponse. Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinomas of the lung between 2004 and 2007 were retrieved from the linked SEER-Medicare database with data on tumor TNM markers, grade, survival, and treatment information (N=6,215). Medicare HCPCS and Revenue codes were used to identify patients receiving cisplatin (N=142), carboplatin (N=1,125), etoposide, (N=37), and paclitaxel (N=779). The AJCC TNM markers and grade were used to partition patients into disjoint groups indicative of tumor progression, with the average survival being calculated for each group. A second set of clinical data containing miRNA expression (N=57, GSE 16025) was partitioned in the same manner, with the average miRNA expression on 328 probes being calculated for each group. Linear regression was used to estimate the association between miRNA expression in the clinical cohort and survival in the population sample given similar tumor characteristics. This analysis was also performed on two subsets of patients receiving surgery and chemotherapy both with and without preoperative radiation. A second analysis utilizing the NCI-60 anti-cancer screen estimated the association between miRNA expression and the amount of each chemotherapeutic agent needed for 50% growth-inhibition in an experimental setting. MiRNA which showed a significant association in at least one of the analyses and concordance in all others were considered for further analysis using IPA software. Results: Multiple miRNA showed consistent associations with chemoresponse across analytic approaches as well as having documented interactions with molecular species known to play a role in human cancers. Notably, over-expression of miR-25, 27a, 141, and 181a showed a strong association with chemosensitivity in three of the four agents considered and formed an interaction network including transcriptional regulation, HDAC, and EGF activity. Over-expression of miR-133b was associated with chemoresistance in three of four agents. Numerous other miRNA formed networks specific to a single agent. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 147. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-147
The Pathology of Tumors, Part Two Biopsy and Diagnostic Cytology
Authors: L. V. Ackerman, J. Rosai
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (1971)

BiopsyMicroscopic tissue examination is essential before instituting cancer ther apy.Choice of one of the three tech niques for obtaining tissueâ€"needle biopsy, incisional biopsy and excisional biopsyâ€"depends upon the location, size and suspected diagnosis of the primary lesion.These techniques, prop erly performed, carry little risk of in fection, hemorrhage or tumor spread in most cases. Needle BiopsyThere are two different techniques of needle biopsy.In one, tissue is aspi rated, smeared on a slide and examined in the same fashion as in exfoliative cytology.In the other, which requires the use of a large bore needle, such as the Vim-Silverman or Menghini model, the tissue obtained is fixed in formalin in toto and processed as any other biopsy.Aspiration biopsy has been used extensively, and quite successfully, in Scandinavian countries' and, in the United States, at the Memorial Hospi tal for Cancer and Allied Diseases of New York City.However, we prefer the needle biopsy technique because we feel that the sections obtained are easier to interpret and that they provide im portant information about the growth
Evaluation of the Value of Fasting Plasma Glucose in the First Prenatal Visit to Diagnose Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in China
Authors: Wei-wei Zhu, Hui-xia Yang, Yu-mei Wei, Jie Yan, Zi-lian Wang, Xue-lan Li, Hai-rong Wu, Nan Li, Mei-hua Zhang, Xing-hui Liu, Hua Zhang, Yun-hui Wang, Jian-min Niu, Yu-jie Gan, Li-ruo Zhong, Yun-feng Wang, Anil Kapur
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

To evaluate the value of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) value in the first prenatal visit to diagnose gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Medical records of 17,186 pregnant women attending prenatal clinics in 13 hospitals in China, including the Peking University First Hospital (PUFH), were examined. Patients with pre-GDM were excluded; data for FPG at the first prenatal visit and one-step GDM screening with 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation were collected and analyzed.The median ± SD FPG value was 4.58 ± 0.437. FPG decreased with increasing gestational age. FPG level at the first prenatal visit was strongly correlated with GDM diagnosed at 24-28 gestational weeks (χ(2) = 959.3, P < 0.001). The incidences of GDM were 37.0, 52.7, and 66.2%, respectively, for women with FPG at the first prenatal visit between 5.10 and 5.59, 5.60 and 6.09, and 6.10-6.99 mmol/L. The data of PUFH were not statistically different from other hospitals.Pregnant women (6.10 ≤ FPG < 7.00 mmol/L) should be considered and treated as GDM to improve outcomes; for women with FPG between 5.10 and 6.09 mmol/L, nutrition and exercise advice should be provided. An OGTT should be performed at 24-28 weeks to confirm or rule out GDM. Based on our data, we cannot support an FPG value ≥5.10 mmol/L at the first prenatal visit as the criterion for diagnosis of GDM.
Air Force, Army, Navy physicians face unusual variety of challenges
Authors: P. Gunby
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nirmal Satsangi (nee Bhatia)
Authors: P N Satsangi
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Nirmal Satsangi (nee Bhatia) was the daughter of Dr M V Bhatia, a medical practitioner, and Mrs Kamla Devi Bhatia. She qualified from Lady Hardinge Medical College, Delhi, in 1953. After obtaining her DA from Bombay University, she started her career in anaesthesia. One year after her …
Single-Dose Therapy for Cystitis in Women
Authors: Ross R. Bailey
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> I read with interest the article by Dr Hooton et al<sup>1</sup>entitled "Single-Dose Therapy for Cystitis in Women: A Comparison of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, Amoxicillin, and Cyclacillin." As an enthusiast for single-dose antimicrobial therapy for uncomplicated acute bacterial cystitis in women, I was not particularly surprised with the results obtained with amoxicillin and a close relative of this drug, cyclacillin. It is now clear that the results with single-dose penicillins and cephalosporins have not been as good as those following the use of a single dose of either co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole), trimethoprim alone, or an aminoglycoside. The inferior success rates reported with single-dose ampicillinamoxicillin or the cephalosporins may simply reflect the way these drugs act in killing bacteria within the urinary tract. Unfortunately in the design of this prematurely stopped study by Hooton et al,<sup>1</sup>there was no group of patients receiving a conventional course of treatment (eg,
Effects of capsaicin on the airway responses to inhaled endotoxin in the guinea pig.
Authors: P H Jarreau, M P D'Ortho, V Boyer, A Harf, I Macquin-Mavier
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

Inhalation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been associated with increased airway responsiveness and inflammation both in humans and in animals. To investigate the contribution of capsaicin-sensitive nerves to these changes, we compared airway responsiveness and inflammation after intratracheal administration of 10 micrograms/kg LPS (Escherichia coli O55:B5 lipopolysaccharide) or saline in guinea pigs treated 10 days previously with 50 mg/kg capsaicin and in those pretreated with the capsaicin vehicle. Four hours after LPS, airway responsiveness and cell counts in the bronchoalveolar lavage were assessed. To determine airway responsiveness, guinea pigs were anesthetized, tracheotomized, and mechanically ventilated before exposure to increasing concentrations of aerosolized histamine (10(-4) to 10(-3) M). Capsaicin pretreatment prevented the LPS-induced increase in airway responsiveness in response to aerosolized histamine. It significantly reduced total cell recovery in the bronchoalveolar lavage after LPS (1,167 +/- 167 10(3) cells/ml in capsaicin-treated guinea pigs versus 2,171 +/- 184 10(3) in vehicle-treated guinea pigs) by reducing the LPS-induced influx of neutrophils and macrophages. Additional experiments demonstrated that the activity of neutral endopeptidase (NEP) in the tracheal epithelium was not significantly different in guinea pigs injected with LPS from that in the saline-treated control animals, and that the pretreatment with the NEP inhibitor phosphoramidon did not increase the LPS-induced influx of neutrophils into the bronchoalveolar lavage. These results demonstrate that in the guinea pig, capsaicin-sensitive nerves are involved in LPS-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation.
Adaptive Protein Evolution of X-linked and Autosomal Genes in Drosophila: Implications for Faster-X Hypotheses
Authors: Tim Connallon
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2007)

Patterns of sex chromosome and autosome evolution can be used to elucidate the underlying genetic basis of adaptative change. Evolutionary theory predicts that X-linked genes will adapt more rapidly than autosomes if adaptation is limited by the availability of beneficial mutations and if such mutations are recessive. In Drosophila, rates of molecular divergence between species appear to be equivalent between autosomes and the X chromosome. However, molecular divergence contrasts are difficult to interpret because they reflect a composite of adaptive and nonadaptive substitutions between species. Predictions based on faster-X theory also assume that selection is equally effective on the X and autosomes; this might not be true because the effective population sizes of X-linked and autosomal genes systematically differ. Here, population genetic and divergence data from Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila simulans, and Drosophila yakuba are used to estimate the proportion of adaptive amino acid substitutions occurring in the D. melanogaster lineage. After gene composition and effective population size differences between chromosomes are controlled, X-linked and autosomal genes are shown to have equivalent rates of adaptive divergence with approximately 30% of amino acid substitutions driven by positive selection. The results suggest that adaptation is either unconstrained by a lack of beneficial genetic variation or that beneficial mutations are not recessive and are thus highly visible to natural selection whether on sex chromosomes or on autosomes.
Toward Smoke-Free VA Hospitals-Reply
Authors: Anne Joseph
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In Reply. —  There has been an encouraging show of support for the description of a smoke-free policy at the Minneapolis VA Medical Center, including letters from Drs Goldberg, Luck, and Prochazka. A number of hospitals have indicated that results from their surveys of patients and employees also demonstrate more support and less resistance to restricted smoking than anticipated. Patients, families, and visitors at the Minneapolis VA Medical Center continue to enjoy a clean indoor environment, despite a minority who disapprove of the smoke-free policy. Many inpatients who smoke are abstinent during hospitalization, which may contribute to permanent smoking cessation. The favorable response from other hospitals, in addition to our experience, suggests that the VA should consider a central directive to stop smoking in its hospitals and should help reduce the prevalence of this important and remediable risk factor for heart disease and cancer.
Locus heterogeneity of autosomal dominant long QT syndrome.
Authors: M Curran, D Atkinson, K Timothy, G M Vincent, A J Moss, M Leppert, M Keating
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

Autosomal dominant long QT syndrome (LQT) is an inherited disorder that causes syncope and sudden death from cardiac arrhythmias. In genetic linkage studies of seven unrelated families we mapped a gene for LQT to the short arm of chromosome 11 (11p15.5), near the Harvey ras-1 gene (H ras-1). To determine if the same locus was responsible for LQT in additional families, we performed linkage studies with DNA markers from this region (H ras-1 and MUC2). Pairwise linkage analyses resulted in logarithm of odds scores of -2.64 and -5.54 for kindreds 1977 and 1756, respectively. To exclude the possibility that rare recombination events might account for these results, we performed multipoint linkage analyses using additional markers from chromosome 11p15.5 (tyrosine hydroxylase and D11S860). Multipoint analyses excluded approximately 25.5 centiMorgans of chromosome 11p15.5 in K1756 and approximately 13 centiMorgans in K1977. These data demonstrate that the LQT gene in these kindreds is not linked to H ras-1 and suggest that mutations in at least two genes can cause LQT. While the identification of locus heterogeneity of LQT will complicate genetic diagnosis, characterization of additional LQT loci will enhance our understanding of this disorder.