tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Maternal cholestasis does not affect the ontogenic pattern of expression of the Na+/Taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (ntcp) in the fetal and neonatal rat liver
Authors: Marco Arrese, Michael Trauner, Meenakshisundaram Ananthanarayanan, James L. Boyer, Frederick J. Suchy
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

To assess the effects of cholestasis during pregnancy on fetal and neonatal mRNA expression, protein mass, and function of the Na + /taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide ( Ntcp ), common bile duct ligation (BDL) was performed in pregnant rats on day 14 of pregnancy (maternal cholestasis [MC] group), and livers were harvested at days 20 and 21 of fetal life, as well as at days 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after birth. Sham-operated rats and their litters were used as controls. Ntcp steady-state mRNA levels, protein mass, and function were determined by Northern blotting, immunoblotting, and taurocholate (TC) transport studies in isolated short-term cultured hepatocytes, respectively. In addition, protein mass and function of the organic anion transporting polypeptide ( Oatp1 ), another sinusoidal bile acid transporter, were studied at 4 weeks of age. The majority of pregnant cholestatic rats (94%) were able to carry pregnancy to term. Body and liver weights of the offspring from the MC group were lower than those from sham-operated animals at all postnatal time points. Ntcp steady-state mRNA levels, protein mass, and function were unaffected by MC. The ontogenic pattern of expression was identical in offspring from MC and controls with detection of the Ntcp mRNA at day 21 of fetal life. There was a significant increase in mRNA postnatally, reaching adult levels by 7 days of age. Protein mass and function of Ntcp as well as of Oatp1 were similar in offspring from MC and control groups at 4 weeks of age. In conclusion, maternal obstructive cholestasis during the last third of pregnancy does not affect the fetal/neonatal expression of the basolateral bile acid transporters, Ntcp and Oatp1 . This suggests that the impaired bile acid excretion described in this experimental model is not related to altered uptake of bile acids in the affected neonate.
Thrombocytosis and ischaemic complications in giant cell arteritis.
Authors: J De Keyser, N De Klippel, G Ebinger
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Platelet counts may be raised in giant cell arteritis' 2 but the clinical relevance of this has not been examined.We have investigated the possibility of an association between thrombocytosis and ocular or cerebral ischaemic events in giant cell arteritis.
Improving allergy management in the primary care network - a holistic approach
Authors: M. Jutel, L. Angier, S. Palkonen, D. Ryan, A. Sheikh, H. Smith, E. Valovirta, O. Yusuf , R. G. van Wijk, I. Agache
Journal: Allergy (2013)

The incidence, prevalence and costs of allergy have increased substantially in recent decades in many parts of Europe. The dominant model of allergy care within Europe is at the moment specialist-based. This model will become unsustainable and undeliverable with increasing disease prevalence. One solution to increase provision of allergy services is to diversify the providers. A new model for the provision of allergy care in the community with the general practitioner at the forefront is proposed. Pre- and postgraduate allergy education and training, implementation of pathways of care, allergy specialization and political will to generate resources and support are essential to achieve this new model. In parallel the holistic view of allergic diseases should be maintained, including assessment of severity and risk, psychological factors and health-care related costs in the context of the patient-centered decision making process.
Potential Medical Problems in Personnel Returning from Vietnam
Authors: DAVID N. GILBERT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

This review summarizes the communicable diseases that should be considered in military personnel returning from Vietnam. It is anticipated that malaria will be encountered most frequently and that patients with diarrheal diseases, hookworm, or fever of unknown origin will be seen commonly. Tropical sprue, melioidosis, plague, and helminthiasis are endemic in South Vietnam and must be considered in the individual patient. The disease problems of Vietnam are only an indicator of the international scope of medicine today. Whether the patient is a civilian or a member of the armed services, an inquiry into travels abroad is an essential part of every medical history.
Norepinephrine regulates hepatic innate immune system in leptin-deficient mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Zhiping Li, Jude A. Oben, Shiqi Yang, Huizhi Lin, Elizabeth A. Stafford, Mark J. Soloski, Steven A. Thomas, Anna Mae Diehl
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

It is not known why natural killer T (NKT) cells, which modulate liver injury by regulating local cytokine production, are reduced in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. NKT cells express adrenoceptors. Thus, we hypothesize that the low norepinephrine (NE) activity of ob/ob mice promotes depletion of liver NKT cells, thereby sensitizing ob/ob livers to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) toxicity. To evaluate this hypothesis, hepatic NKT cells were quantified in wild-type mice before and after treatment with NE inhibitors, and in dopamine β-hydroxylase knockout mice (which cannot synthesize NE) and ob/ob mice before and after 4 weeks of NE supplementation. Decreasing NE activity consistently reduces liver NKT cells, while increasing NE has the opposite effect. Analysis of hepatic and thymic NKT cells in mice of different ages demonstrate an age-related accumulation of hepatic NKT cells in normal mice, while liver NKT cells become depleted after birth in ob/ob mice, which have increased apoptosis of hepatic NKT cells. NE treatment inhibits apoptosis and restores hepatic NKT cells. In ob/ob mice with reduced hepatic NKT cells, hepatic T and NKT cells produce excessive T helper (Th)-1 proinflammatory cytokines and the liver is sensitized to LPS toxicity. NE treatment decreases Th-1 cytokines, increases production of Th-2 cytokines, and reduces hepatotoxicity. Studies of CD1d-deficient mice, which lack the receptor required for NKT cell development, demonstrate that they are also unusually sensitive to LPS hepatotoxicity. In conclusion , low NE activity increases hepatic NKT cell apoptosis and depletes liver NKT cells, promoting proinflammatory polarization of hepatic cytokine production that sensitizes the liver to LPS toxicity. (Hepatology 2004;40:434-441.)
Romanian health system is in crisis as doctors leave for better working life
Authors: N. Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Thousands of doctors have left Romania in recent years, triggering a healthcare crisis that will worsen unless the government takes action to improve conditions for remaining doctors, says Vasile Astarastoae, head of the Romanian College of Physicians.

In an interview with the BMJ Astarastoae said that in 2013 the number of public hospital doctors fell to about 14 500, down from about 20 000 in 2011.

“Romanian doctors are deciding to leave and work abroad to be able to do their jobs as they learnt, to be respected, and to earn more money,” he said. “In …
Evidence that the Effect of Beta-adrenergic Blockade on the Haemodynamic Response of Hypertensive Patients to Exercise is not solely Rate-dependent
Authors: E. Shinebourne
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1969)

To achieve the same heart rate after β-adrenergic blockade as before, hypertensive patients performed higher work loads. Cardiac output was unaltered, but cardiac work was reduced both by a decrease in peripheral resistance and by prevention of any increase in myocardial contractility on exercise. This led to unmasking of the Frank–Starling mechanism.
Exome sequencing reveals a pallidin mutation in a Hermansky-Pudlak–like primary immunodeficiency syndrome
Authors: Raffaele Badolato, Alberto Prandini, Sonia Caracciolo, Francesca Colombo, Giovanna Tabellini, Mauro Giacomelli, Maria E. Cantarini, Andrea Pession, Callum J. Bell, Darrell L. Dinwiddie, Neil A. Miller, Shannon L. Hateley, Carol J. Saunders, Lu Zhang, Gary P. Schroth, Alessandro Plebani, Silvia Parolini, Stephen F. Kingsmore
Journal: Blood (2012)
Ethnography and health care
Authors: J. Savage
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Aims</h3> Our work demonstrates that after both rape and consensual sexual intercourse, women with light skin have higher ano-genital injury prevalence than women with dark skin. These findings suggest that the mechanical properties of dark skin may be more protective than those of light skin. If these findings are generalisable, they may have an impact on criminal justice proceedings, where injury from rapes is linked with successful legal outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in skin elasticity between females with dark skin, as compared to those with light skin. <h3>Methods</h3> We enrolled 52 healthy female participants ≤18 years (M=30.8; SD=12.3), with a variety of ethnic backgrounds in a cross-sectional descriptive study, we measured skin colour (L*=light/dark; a*=red/green; b*=yellow/blue) by means of spectrophotometry. We measured skin elasticity variables (eg, skin deformation, elasticity and recovery) with a Cutometer MPA580. <h3>Results</h3> Skin colour L* values ranged from 796.96–7 229.33 (M=6238.96; SD=1116). While the correlation between skin colour and skin elasticity was insignificant (r=0.14), a statistically significant inverse relationship was found between age and skin elasticity (r<sup>2</sup>=−0.62, p&lt;.0001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The strong inverse relationship of age and skin elasticity indicates an increased risk of skin injury as women age. This data did not support the theory that skin elasticity is associated with colour. Study limitations include a disproportionate number of participants ≤25 years, with light skin, and self-identifying as White/Caucasian. Future work will include a larger sample, with greater parity across ages, race/ethnicities, and skin colours.
Inhibition of norepinephrine-induced cardiac hypertrophy in s100beta transgenic mice.
Authors: J N Tsoporis, A Marks, H J Kahn, J W Butany, P P Liu, D O'Hanlon, T G Parker
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

We have recently reported that the Ca2+-binding protein S100beta was induced in rat heart after infarction and forced expression of S100beta in neonatal rat cardiac myocyte cultures inhibited alpha1-adrenergic induction of beta myosin heavy chain (MHC) and skeletal alpha-actin (skACT). We now extend this work by showing that S100beta is induced in hearts of human subjects after myocardial infarction. Furthermore, to determine whether overexpression of S100beta was sufficient to inhibit in vivo hypertrophy, transgenic mice containing multiple copies of the human gene under the control of its own promoter, and CD1 control mice were treated with norepinephrine (NE) (1.5 mg/kg) or vehicle, intraperitoneally twice daily for 15 d. In CD1, NE produced an increase in left ventricular/body weight ratio, ventricular wall thickness, induction of skACT, atrial natriuretic factor, betaMHC, and downregulation of alphaMHC. In transgenic mice, NE induced S100beta transgene mRNA and protein, but provoked neither hypertrophy nor regulated cardiac-specific gene expression. NE induced hypertrophy in cultured CD1 but not S100beta transgenic myocytes, confirming that the effects of S100beta on cardiac mass reflected myocyte-specific responses. These transgenic studies complement in vitro data and support the hypothesis that S100beta acts as an intrinsic negative regulator of the myocardial hypertrophic response.
THE FORMATION OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE IN THE ANTERIOR PART OF THE VITREOUS BODY IN YOUNG GIRLS.
Authors: CHARLES J. KIPP
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Hirschberg<sup>1</sup>says: "Enigmatical to me is also the white tissue formation in the lower anterior part of the vitreous body, which I have seen a few times in young girls, ending in some in some damage to, in others in total loss of vision. In these cases tuberculosis could be excluded. He quotes briefly two cases. <h3>Case 1.</h3> —A healthy girl, aged 16, was first seen Nov. 29, 1897. The right eye began to lacrimate two and one-half months previously. The lacrimation lasted two days and was accompanied by pain for a day only. There was obscuration of right eye; the left eye was normal. Right eye: fingers at 4' V. F. intact. There was a large dark spot which surrounded the blind spot, and which sent a broad offshoot toward the point of fixation. There was no irritation. Tn. Brownish dots in the cornea. The pupil was of
The<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>Genome — New Insights into Pathogenesis and Therapeutics
Authors: A Lee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

The ability of robotic analyzers to sequence long lengths of DNA automatically and the rapidity with which computers can scan gene data banks have spawned a new discipline in the biomedical sciences, genomics.1 The controversial Human Genome Project is an ambitious attempt to use genomics to discover the genetic basis of human disease by sequencing the 70,000 to 100,000 genes in our genetic makeup. However, sequencing the much smaller microbial genomes offers a more expeditious means of searching for novel treatments for disease, albeit only infectious diseases.A major step in this revolution in microbiology was taken with the publication . . .
Thread sutures seen on gastroscopy: do they cause ulcers or indigestion?
Authors: A M Hoare, J Alexander-Williams
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Congenital adrenal hypoplasia and gonadotrophin deficiencyWith early diagnosis and replacement therapy patients with congenital adrenal hypoplasia now survive into childhood and adolescence.In a recent report a boy with this condition was found to have a luteinising hormone (LH) deficiency with low concentrations of follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH), which increased only moderately after stimulation with luteinising hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH).'We report a second case of a boy with congenital adrenal hypoplasia associated with deficiency of both LH and FSH.
Breaching the Barrier of ABO Incompatibility in Heart Transplantation for Infants
Authors: Mark M. Boucek
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

Cardiac transplantation has now been performed for 15 years as therapy for neonates and infants with lethal myopathic or structural heart disease. Such transplantation has been stimulated by both the needs of the infants and the promise of an immunologic window of opportunity for safe transplantation, owing to the immaturity of infants' immune systems. The first series of three infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who underwent orthotopic heart transplantation was reported by Bailey and colleagues in 1986.1 Subsequently, infants have accounted for approximately 40 percent of all heart transplantations in children. However, the number of such procedures in children, . . .
Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Characteristics of the Night-Eating Syndrome
Authors: Grethe Støa Birketvedt
Journal: JAMA (1999)

IGHT-EATING SYNDROME(NES), characterized by morning anorexia, evening hyperphagia, and insomnia, was described in 1955 by Stunkard and colleagues. 1 It occurred during periods of stress and was associated with a poor outcome of efforts at weight reduction.Since 1955, NES has not been subjected to careful clinical study, but its prevalence has been estimated at 1.5% in the general population, 2 8.9% in an obesity clinic, 3 12% of the obese patients in a nutrition clinic, 4 and 27% and 26%, respectively, in 2 samples of severely obese persons. 2,5Although it does occur among nonobese persons, NES appears to be more common among obese persons and to increase in prevalence with increasing adiposity.This report describes 2 related studies designed to characterize NES.The behavioral study attempted to define the behavioral characteristics of the syndrome in terms of timing of energy consumption during eating episodes, level of mood throughout the waking hours, and frequency of nighttime awakenings.The neuroendocrine study attempted to characterize the syndrome in terms of circadian profiles of plasma melatonin, leptin, and cortisol levels. BEHAVIORAL STUDYThe behavioral study was conducted from January 1996 to June 1997 on an outpatient basis in the Weight and Eat-ingDisordersProgramoftheDepartment of Psychiatry of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, with the approval of the institutional review board of the University of Pennsylvania.
Facial hypertrichosis and trichomegaly developing in patients treated with the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor erlotinib
Authors: Theognosia Vergou, Alexander J. Stratigos, Eleni M. Karapanagiotou, Athina E. Matekovits, Kalliopi D. Dilana, Sotirios Tsimboukis, Christina Antoniou, Vassiliki Chasapi, Kostas N. Syrigos
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2010)
Television as Participant Recorder
Authors: HARRY A. WILMER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

The use of television videotaping and replay in a psychiatric residency program, as described here, offers unique learning opportunities for both teacher and student in the supervision of psychotherapy. The camera may be regarded as a participant recorder, capturing a relationship of reciprocal human behavior in the short videotaped interview and presenting an "audiovisual biopsy" in the replay.
Transvenous Closure of Secundum Atrial Septal Defects
Authors: Melhem J. A. Sharafuddin, Xiaoping Gu, Jack L. Titus, Myra Urness, J. J. Cervera-Ceballos, Kurt Amplatz
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Our purpose was to evaluate a new prosthesis for percutaneous closure of secundum atrial septal defects (ASDs).Percutaneous closure of surgically created fossa ovalis ASD was attempted in 15 minipigs. The mean balloon-stretched ASD diameter was 12.3+/-2.3 mm (range, 10 to 16 mm). The self-expanding prosthesis was braided from 0.005-in Nitinol wires in the shape of two flat buttons with a short connecting waist with a diameter corresponding to that of the defect to be closed. Polyester filling was added to enhance thrombogenicity. Pulmonary arteriography with levo-phase was obtained before placement; immediately after placement; and at 1-week, 1-month, and 3-month follow-ups. Four animals were killed at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months for histopathological correlation. Three deaths resulted from ventricular fibrillation (one during anesthesia and two during the placement procedure). Successful placement of the prosthesis was achieved in the remaining 12 animals. Overall immediate ASD closure on angiography occurred in 7 of 12 animals (all polyester-filled prostheses). Absent or trace shunt by angiography was present in 11 of 12 devices at 1 week, with the remaining one demonstrating a small shunt. All septal defects were completely closed at 1 month with the exception of one case in which delayed partial dislodgment of an undersized prosthesis into the right atrium had developed. Closure rate at 3 months was 100%. Neoendothelialization and fibrous incorporation of the prosthesis were completed within 1 to 3 months.Effective and permanent occlusion of secundum ASDs is feasible with a device that offers the advantages of easy placement, self-centering, and repositionability.
AN ASSOCIATION BETWEEN COMPONENTS OF THE APOPTOSIS PATHWAY AND THE GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO ACHILLES TENDINOPATHY
Authors: E Nell, L van der Merwe, J Cook, C J Handley, M Collins, A V September
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2013)

Introduction Achilles tendinopathy is a degenerative condition for which several risk factors have been implicated including components of the inflammatory pathway. The aims of this study was to evaluate (i) several functional variants within genes encoding components of the apoptosis signalling cascade and (ii) the effectiveness of a polygenic apoptosis profile to capture Achilles tendinopathy (TEN) risk. Methods A total of 358 unaffected control (CON) participants (159 South Africa (SA CON) and 199 Australia (AUS CON)) and 166 affected TEN participants (87 SA TEN and 79 AUS TEN) were genotyped for four variants ( CASP8 (rs384129), CASP8 (rs1045485) , NOS3 (rs1799983) and NOS2 (rs2779249)). Logistic regression was used to derive risk models for TEN and a receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to determine the effectiveness of the models to capture TEN risk. Results An independent association of CASP8 _rs1045485 and CASP8 _rs3834129, together with their haplotype was observed with TEN risk. The optimal risk model identified from the study included the two CASP8 genetic loci investigated ( CASP8 _rs384129 and CASP8 _rs1045485) together with sex to capture TEN risk in both SA and AUS participants collectively. Conclusions These findings further implicate the apoptosis signalling cascade as one of the important biological pathways involved in the development of Achilles tendinopathy.
Intracellular divalent cations block smooth muscle K+ channels.
Authors: C H Gelband, T Ishikawa, J M Post, K D Keef, J R Hume
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

The patch-clamp technique was used to examine the sensitivity of delayed rectifier K+ channels to changes in intracellular divalent cations (Mg2+ and Ca2+). During voltage-step and ramp depolarizations, a delayed rectifier K+ current (IK(dr)) was identified in renal, pulmonary, coronary, and colonic smooth muscle cells as a low-noise outward current that activated near -40 mV, was sensitive to 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), and was insensitive to charybdotoxin. During whole-cell voltage-clamp experiments in each of the cell types, the 4-AP-sensitive IK(dr) was significantly less in cells dialyzed with 10 mM Mg2+ as compared with cells in which no Mg2+ was added to the internal dialysis solution (P &lt; or = .05, n &gt; or = 4). In coronary artery cells, 100 microM 2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine (an H1 receptor agonist) or 10 microM ryanodine, agents that cause an increase in [Ca2+]i, also caused a significant reduction of the 4-AP-sensitive IK(dr) similar to that produced by Mg2+. 4-AP (5 mM) significantly depolarized single renal arterial cells that were dialyzed with Mg(2+)-free solution but not those dialyzed with 10 mM Mg2+ (P &lt; .01, n = 4). In inside-out patches of renal arterial smooth muscle cells, with 200 nM charybdotoxin in the patch pipette to block large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels, a 59 +/- 10-picosiemen K+ channel that was sensitive to cytoplasmic Mg2+ was identified. In Mg(2+)-free solution, channel open probability was 0.028 +/- 0.012 (n = 8) and 0.095 +/- 0.011 (n = 8) at +40 and +80 mV, respectively. When the bath solution was changed to one containing 5 or 15 mM Mg2+, channel open probability was significantly reduced by 66% and 68% (+40 mV) or 93% and 96% (+80 mV), respectively. This decrease in the open probability of the delayed rectifier K+ channel resulted from a concentration- and voltage-dependent decrease in mean open time. At +40 mV, time constants for the open time distribution were significantly decreased from 5.5 +/- 0.52 to 1.2 +/- 0.14 milliseconds, whereas the closed time constant was significantly increased from 634 +/- 11.1 to 820 +/- 14.4 milliseconds (P &lt; .01, n = 4). It is concluded that a 4-AP-sensitive delayed rectifier K+ channel in both vascular and visceral smooth muscle cells is modulated by changes in intracellular Ca2+ and Mg2+ that may alter membrane potential and the contractile state of smooth muscle.