tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Some Suggest Wider Therapeutic Window for Offering Alteplase to Treat Stroke
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2010)

MOMENTUM IS BUILDING FOR extending the time window for giving recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (alteplase) to patients having an ischemic stroke, although some caution that doing so will increase the likelihood of treatment-related adverse events. The latest push comes after the May 15 publication of a pooled analysis of 8 randomized placebo-controlled trials of alteplase for acute stroke, which is currently indicated for use only within 3 hours after stroke onset. The analysis, which involved 3670 patients, found benefit if the drug is administered within 4.5 hours after stroke onset (Lees KR et al. Lancet. 2010;375[9727]:16951703). But after 3 hours of stroke onset, the percentage of patients achieving benefit steadily decreases with time, with no benefit and an increased risk of death seen beyond 4.5 hours. “What we are suggesting is that this should open up the possibility of treatment for patients who, unfortunately, do not make the 3-hour limit,” said lead author Kennedy R. Lees, MD, professor of cerebrovascular medicine at the University of Glasgow in Scotland. Lees and colleagues found a favorable outcome at 3 months postintervention in 67 of 161 patients (41.6%) who received alteplase within 90 minutes after stroke onset vs 44 of 151 patients (29.1%) given placebo, in 127 of 303 patients (41.9%) given alteplase between 90 minutes and 180 minutes vs 91 of 315 patients (28.9%) given placebo, and in 361 of 808 patients (44.6%) who received alteplase between 180 minutes up to 270 minutes vs 306 of 811 patients (37.7%) given placebo. No benefit was seen from receiving alteplase after 270 minutes. The study’s authors also reminded readers that while alteplase improves outcomes overall, that benefit remains elusive for most patients with ischemic stroke and becomes rarer the longer it takes to receive the medication. The authors estimated that 5 patients need to be treated within 0 to
Biopsy of Cervical Node
Authors: Arlen D. Meyers
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Greenfield and Jordan presented a good overview of the primary care management of lymphadenopathy. However, once an infectious cause has been discarded, the advice to perform a biopsy on a persistent lymph node in the neck is unwarranted. In adults, most persistent neck masses are malignant and metastatic, and excluding supraclavicular tumors, the primary site is usually in the head and neck.<sup>1</sup>If the mass is malignant, initial biopsy may interfere with therapy in several ways. These include radioresistance from scarring in the biopsy site, tumor recurrence in the neck,<sup>2</sup>and complicating subsequent neck dissection flaps. In addition, should the disease in the neck originate from a primary process that is radiocurable, such as carcinoma of the nasopharynx, then surgery is not only ill-advised but meddlesome.<sup>3</sup> I agree that algorithms are a good way to structure an approach to a clinical problem. The algorithm
Task Force 4: organization of delivery systems for adults with congenital heart disease
Authors: Michael J Landzberg, Daniel J Murphy, William R Davidson, John A Jarcho, Harlan M Krumholz, John E Mayer, Roger B.B Mee, David J Sahn, George F Van Hare, Gary D Webb, Roberta G Williams
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Systemic candidiasis: an unusual complication of eating mutton.
Authors: J. Bates, C. T. Dollery, J. Cohen, E. Schulenburg, J. Calam
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Systemic candidiasis: an unusual complication of eating mutton Commonly affects the skin, eyes, and costochondral joints I FIG 1-Fundal appearances in candidiasis showing yellow-white chorioretinal lesions, white vitreoretinal lesions often associated with traction, andfluffy white intravitreal ball-like lesions
White Coat, Mood Indigo — Depression in Medical School
Authors: Julie M. Rosenthal, Susan Okie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Interview with Julie Rosenthal and Dr. Jennifer Tjia on depression among medical students. (07:40)Download As the head of student government at Duke University School of Medicine in Durham, North Carolina, Sujay Kansagra had witnessed several of his fellow students dealing with depression. "I knew it was a big problem," he said. "People were feeling isolated." So Kansagra came up with an innovative way to provide emotional support to depressed students while shielding their identities. With the help of Caroline Haynes, Duke's associate dean for medical education, he arranged an online forum to give students a safe place to talk and to help them "realize they aren't alone and that there are a lot of . . .
Relations between bleeding pattern, endometrial histology, and oestrogen treatment in menopausal women
Authors: D W Sturdee, T Wade-Evans, M E L Paterson, M. Thom, J W W Studd
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Vacuum curettage was performed on 348 women who had received various regimens of oestrogen treatment for an average of 9.7 months for climacteric symptoms. In 62 cases (18%) the specimens were unsatisfactory for histological assessment; among the remainder, however, they showed a normal endometrium in 257 cases (90%), cystic hyperplasia in 21 (7%), adenomatous hyperplasia in 7 (2%), and endometrial adenocarcinoma in one. Cyclical unopposed oral oestrogen treatment (98 cases) was associated with a 12% incidence of endometrial hyperplasia, but among those given an additional five-day course of progestogen in each cycle (37 cases) the incidence was only 8%. No case of hyperplasia occurred among 102 women taking regimens including 10 or 13 days of progestogen. Among women treated with subcutaneous oestradiol implants and monthly five-day courses of oral progestogen (50 cases) there was a 28% incidence of hyperplasia including the one case of carcinoma, though some of those with hyperplasia may not have taken the full course of progestogen. Regular withdrawal bleeding during treatment was associated with a lower incidence of endometrial hyperplasia (6%) than unscheduled breakthrough bleeding (28%), but the one patient with carcinoma had experienced regular bleeding only.The risk of developing endometrial carcinoma from oestrogen treatment may be reduced by avoiding the use of unopposed oestrogen regimens, the addition of more than five days' treatment with a progestogen, and recognising that a regular bleeding response to oestrogen is no guarantee of a healthy endometrium.
Disinfection Procedures of Fiberscopes in Endoscopy Departments
Authors: M. Tolon, E. Thofern, S. Miederer
Journal: Endoscopy (1976)

Disinfection of fibre endoscopes was examined in 5 endoscopy departments during endoscopy sessions. On the endoscopes, especially in the instrument channels, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus species could be regularly found, in some cases also Enterobacter cloacae and Candida albicans. With the results of disinfection experiments, proposals are made to reduce the infection risk due to insufficiently disinfected instruments in endoscopy departments.
Hamid Shafi Qazi
Authors: David Brooks
Journal: BMJ (2006)

​FormerFormer consultant psychiatrist South East Regional Health Authority (b 1919; q King Edward Medical College, Lahore (Punjab) 1942; DPM), died from cancer of the pancreas on 13 April 2006.



Figure 1



Hamid Qazi joined the armed forces in 1942 shortly after qualifying and was promoted to major before being seriously injured in Burma in 1948. He worked for the United Nations in Libya before settling in England. In 1971 he joined St Lawrence's Hospital, Surrey, and trained in the psychiatry of learning disabilities. In 1973 he was appointed consultant psychiatrist to the South East Regional Health Authority. Hamid was actively involved in the hospital resettlement programmes and innovative work with paediatric services to develop facilities for disabled children and infants. He received a distinction award in 1980 and retired in 1985. He leaves a wife, Eunice; four children; and nine grandchildren.
The p53 heterozygous knockout mouse as a model for chemical carcinogenesis in vascular tissue.
Authors: N G Carmichael, E L Debruyne, D Bigot-Lasserre
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

Heterozygous p53 knockout mice were investigated as a potential model for vascular tumor carcinogenesis. Groups of 20 male mice were exposed by gavage for 6 months to the vascular carcinogen urethane at 1, 10, or 100 mg/kg body weight/day. Wild-type and heterozygous p53 knockout control groups were exposed by gavage to the vehicle alone. Another group of 20 male mice received d-limonene by gavage (d-limonene is noncarcinogenic in mice). The high dose of urethane caused early mortality in the majority of mice associated with histopathologic evidence of toxicity and tumors, including a high incidence of benign and malignant vascular tumors, in all animals. At the intermediate dose, toxicity was less marked and 3 of 20 mice had tumors; mice that received the low dose did not have signs of toxicity or neoplasia. The two control groups had no tumors and the d-limonene group had one tumor of the prostate, which was considered spontaneous. We conclude that the p53 knockout mouse is a useful tool for investigating vascular tumorogenesis.
Voluntary Risks to Health
Authors: Robert D. Gillette
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Robert M. Veatch, PhD (243:50, 1980), provides a useful conceptual framework for determining the relative responsibilities of the individual, the physician, and society at large in dealing with voluntary risks to health. Social theories are created to explain human behavior that is, to a great extent, amorphous. Theories have value to the extent that they help guide rational thinking and action, but they should not be accepted as dogma or accorded such stature that they get in the way of problem solving. In the case of cigarette smoking, each of the models suggested by Veatch is useful. As he suggests, they should be thought of not as mutually exclusive, but as components of an overall framework. The voluntary model says that people can decide not to smoke, and many have done so. The medical model says that physicians should stress the health hazards of
The Neurohumoral Axis in Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Gary S Francis, Steven Goldsmith, T. B. Levine, M. T. Olivari, Jay N Cohn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

The incidence of congestive heart failure is increasing in the United States. This common syndrome is characterized not only by impaired ventricular function but also by an increase in some endogenous vasoconstrictor substances, including norepinephrine, angiotensin II, and arginine vasopressin. Although activation of the systems that release these substances is presumed to be compensatory (to maintain perfusion pressure during inadequate flow), the sympathetic nervous system, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and arginine vasopressin may contribute to the pathogenesis of the syndrome. The excessive vasoconstriction present in heart failure likely produces a further burden on the failing myocardium. New strategies in therapy are being developed to counteract the activation of vasoconstrictor forces in congestive heart failure. Data indicate that selective blockade of the reninangiotensin system is useful. Preliminary data suggest that inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system may be helpful, and inhibition of vasopressin in animals with heart failure is being studied. New and more selective therapy for heart failure may come from these studies.
Abstract 2413: Unstable genomes and the average cancer cell
Authors: Batoul Abdallah, Joshua B. Stevens, Steven Horne, Guo Liu, Henry HQ Heng
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract The high degree of multi-level heterogeneity represents a key challenge for cancer research. Despite its importance, both the theoretical concepts and appropriate tools for proper quantitative analysis are underdeveloped. Specifically, the characterization of heterogeneity in cancer cell populations of different genomic stabilities, and its effect on systems dynamics are poorly understood. We use a single-cell and population-based assays to describe an instability-mediated mechanism where genome heterogeneity drastically affects cell growth, and cannot be accurately measured using conventional averages. First, we show that most unstable cancer cell populations exhibit high levels of karyotype heterogeneity, where it is difficult, if not impossible, to karyotypically clone cells. Second, by comparing stable and unstable cell populations, we show that instability-mediated karyotype heterogeneity leads to growth heterogeneity, where outliers dominantly contribute to population growth and exhibit shorter cell cycles. Predictability of population growth is more difficult for heterogeneous cell populations than for homogenous cell populations. Since “outliers” play an important role in cancer evolution, where genome instability is the key feature, averaging methods used to characterize cell populations are misleading. We conclude: 1) the karyotype cannot be cloned when genome instability is high, and caution is needed for single cell analysis for cell populations that are not genetically identical; 2) the “average” cancer cell does not exist, as the statistical mean does not accurately describe systems behavior, especially genome instability is high; and 3) single cell analysis is needed when cells are not genomically identical. Our results not only provide an explanation for population heterogeneity but also explain how genome-level heterogeneity contributes to drug resistance and cancer evolution. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Batoul Abdallah, Joshua B. Stevens, Steven Horne, Guo Liu, Henry HQ Heng. Unstable genomes and the average cancer cell. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2413. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2413
Alterations of uromodulin biology: a common denominator of the genetically heterogeneous FJHN/MCKD syndrome
Authors: P. Vylet'al, M. Kublová, M. Kalbáčová, K. Hodaňová, V. Barešová, B. Stibůrková, J. Sikora, H. Hůlková, J. živný, J. Majewski, A. Simmonds, J.-P. Fryns, G. Venkat-Raman, M. Elleder, S. Kmoch
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
Gadolinium-DTPA-enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of reperfused myocardium: Identification of the myocardial bed at risk
Authors: Saul Schaefer, Craig R. Malloy, Jose Katz, Robert W. Parkey, L.Maximilian Buja, James T. Willerson, Ronald M. Peshock
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1988)
Plasma PAI-1 Levels Are Increased in Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Giovanni Targher, Lorenzo Bertolini, Luca Scala, Luciano Zenari, Giuseppe Lippi, Massimo Franchini, Guido Arcaro
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Recent data suggest that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is linked to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk independently of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) (1–7), although the possible molecular mediators linking NAFLD and CVD are poorly known (8).

Increased plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) concentrations, responsible for reduced fibrinolytic activity, play a key role in atherothrombosis (9). Since limited information is available about the relations among NAFLD, MetS, and PAI-1, we assessed whether PAI-1 correlates with liver histopathology among NAFLD patients independent of MetS features.

Plasma PAI-1 activity concentrations (Spectrolyse/PL; Biopool) were measured in 85 consecutive NAFLD outpatients (50/35 male/female, mean ± SD age 45 ± 2 years, and BMI …
26. Lentiviral Vector Delivery of vMIP-II Using Both Transplanted Endothelial and Progenitor Cells Enhances a Robust and Functional Angiogenesis In Vivo
Authors: Stephanie Cherqui, Camille Thorpe, Sunil M. Kurian, Daniel R. Salomon
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Therapies that stimulate angiogenesis are promising for revascularization of transplanted or ischemic tissues. Viral macrophage inflammatory protein-II (vMIP-II) is encoded by human herpesvirus 8 and may be both immunosuppressive and proangiogenic, though the latter is poorly characterized and only in vitro. We engineered a vMIP-II lentiviral gene vector, transduced both primary mature endothelial cells and progenitors, and transplanted these in Matrigel templates as an in vivo angiogenesis model. Fifteen days later, the templates were explanted and analyzed by quantification of blood vessels using two different methods. Half of each Matrigel template was collagenase digested to release the cells, which were then analyzed by flow cytometry after CD31 staining. The second half was analyzed by histology with von Willebrand factor antibody. Positive fluorescence was quantified using ImageJ and IMARIS software that also determined blood vessel length and morphology. We also checked the vessels for their association with vascular smooth muscle using anti-α actin antibody and for functionality by injecting an endothelial-specific lectin in the tail veins of the mice before sacrifice. We compared empty templates to those seeded with endothelial cells or progenitors as well as these same cells expressing vMIP-II. vMIP-II significantly increases the level of angiogenesis in the templates and this involves both host cells and the transplanted vMIP-producing endothelial cells. vMIP also promotes vascular branching, length and segmentation. These new vessels are closely associated with smooth muscle cells and functionally connected with host vasculature. As a proof of concept for tissue revascularization, we showed that co-transplantation of pancreatic islets and endothelial cells expressing vMIP-II led to revascularization of the islet transplants. These results are the first demonstration that vMIP-II enhances angiogenesis in vivo and can deliver this function via vector-mediated gene delivery by both mature endothelial cells and progenitors. One hypothesis is that the relative failure of proangiogenic clinical interventions to date is the result of only delivering a single factor (i.e. VEGF or bFGF) and in an unregulated fashion. Thus, we used gene expression profiling to investigate the mechanisms of vMIP-driven angiogenesis. vMIP-II up-regulates expression of multiple proangiogenic factors that can synergize. Among these genes, we identified VEGF, KDR, neuropilin 2, CEACAM1, IL1α, fibronectin and integrins α3, α4 and α5 as well as the chemokines, CCL5 and CXCL3. Therefore, the enhanced and functional angiogenesis obtained with vMIP-II appears to be the result of a complex and regulated proangiogenic network.
A SYPHILITIC GUMMA OF UPPER EYELID RESEMBLING A DISLOCATED LACHRYMAL GLAND.Read before the Chicago Ophthalmological Society, April, 1893.
Authors: W. A. FISHER
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Miss P., age sixteen, appeared in my clinic, Illinois Charity Eye and Ear Infirmary, September 24, 1892, with interstitial keratitis right eye. Patient has always been healthy except, her mother says, "had scrofula when a baby lasting until she was six years old," the eruption appearing only on head, face and neck. Father and mother healthy; three children living, youngest three years, oldest eighteen years, all healthy; eight dead—one typhoid fever, three diphtheria, one pertussis, one pneumonia, one drowned, one miscarriage. No specific history in parents or patient except as mentioned above. Ordered: R.—Atropin Sulph., gr ii. Aq Dist., [unk]i. [unk]. Sig.: Gtts. ii in right eye; t: d. Internally increasing doses of kali iodide. Patient gradually improved until October 20,1892, when she noticed a growth in upper eyelid coming on suddenly and interfering with movements of the eye. On examining the tumor found it to be freely movable and
Percutaneous Needle Biopsy of the Lung
Authors: Richard A. Krumholz
Journal: JAMA (1966)

LUNG BIOPSY is an important diagnostic procedure for many diffuse and localized disease states involving the pulmonary parenchyma. It has been shown recently that percutaneous needle biopsy of the lung may be useful in the diagnosis of diffuse disease involving the lung.<sup>1-4</sup>Inasmuch as this procedure has received recurrent criticism in the literature,<sup>5-8</sup>we believe that our experience with needle biopsy of the lung demonstrating a high diagnostic yield in association with low mobidity should be reported. This paper documents the results of 65 biopsies in 60 patients with diffuse pulmonary disease. This experience suggests that percutaneous needle biopsy of the lung with a Franklin-Silverman needle is a safe diagnostic procedure and that it should be attempted before doing surgical biopsy in patients with diffuse pulmonary disease. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> Each patient was hospitalized at Wilford Hall USAF Hospital, Lackland Air Force Base, Tex. The patients selected for
NATIONAL AUDIT PROJECT TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF CARE FOR ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN TAIWAN
Authors: Yi-Heng Li, Yu-Wei Chiu, Jun-Jack Cheng, I-Chang Hsieh, Ping-Han Lo, Jyh-Hong Chen, Fu-Tien Chiang, Shing-Jong Lin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
The AMPA Receptor Subunits GluR-A and GluR-B Reciprocally Modulate Spinal Synaptic Plasticity and Inflammatory Pain
Authors: Bettina Hartmann, Seifollah Ahmadi, Paul A. Heppenstall, Gary R. Lewin, Claus Schott, Thilo Borchardt, Peter H. Seeburg, Hanns Ulrich Zeilhofer, Rolf Sprengel, Rohini Kuner
Journal: Neuron (2004)
A Phase I/II Trial of Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using a Novel Intra-Arterial Drug-Eluting Bead
Authors: Ronnie T.P. Poon, Wai Kuen Tso, Roberta W.C. Pang, Kelvin K.C. Ng, Regina Woo, Kin Shing Tai, Sheung Tat Fan
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2007)
Insertional Mutagenesis in Mice Deficient for <i>p15Ink4b, p16Ink4a, p21Cip1</i>, and <i>p27Kip1</i> Reveals Cancer Gene Interactions and Correlations with Tumor Phenotypes
Authors: Jaap Kool, Anthony G. Uren, Carla P. Martins, Daoud Sie, Jeroen de Ridder, Geoffrey Turner, Miranda van Uitert, Konstantin Matentzoglu, Wendy Lagcher, Paul Krimpenfort, Jules Gadiot, Colin Pritchard, Jack Lenz, Anders H. Lund, Jos Jonkers, Jane Rogers, David J. Adams, Lodewyk Wessels, Anton Berns, Maarten van Lohuizen
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p15, p16, p21, and p27 are frequently deleted, silenced, or downregulated in many malignancies. Inactivation of CDK inhibitors predisposes mice to tumor development, showing that these genes function as tumor suppressors. Here, we describe high-throughput murine leukemia virus insertional mutagenesis screens in mice that are deficient for one or two CDK inhibitors. We retrieved 9,117 retroviral insertions from 476 lymphomas to define hundreds of loci that are mutated more frequently than expected by chance. Many of these loci are skewed toward a specific genetic context of predisposing germline and somatic mutations. We also found associations between these loci with gender, age of tumor onset, and lymphocyte lineage (B or T cell). Comparison of retroviral insertion sites with single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia revealed a significant overlap between the datasets. Together, our findings highlight the importance of genetic context within large-scale mutation detection studies, and they show a novel use for insertional mutagenesis data in prioritizing disease-associated genes that emerge from genome-wide association studies. Cancer Res; 70(2); 520–31