tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A British Medical Association Lecture on DIFFICULT LABOUR
Authors: R. W. Johnstone
Journal: BMJ (1929)

EvERYONEw-itith obstetriical experience vill agree thatthe commonest cause of difficulty in labour is the occipito- posterior position of the vertex.Probably the second mnost frequent cause is breech presentation.OCCIPITO-POSTERIOR PRESENTATIONS.Considering how small is the deviation from the normal, the amount of trouble and worry which occipito-posterior positions cause is astonishing.Difficulty, of course, arises mostly in those cases in which the occiput fails to rotate spontaneously to the front, and this is due mainly to a lack of complete flexion of tlle head.It is elementary know- ledge that an imperfectly flexed head throws larger diameters across the pelvis than a completely flexed one, ,and in the case of occipito-posterior positions this results 'in, first, late engagement of the head at the brim of the pelvis; secondly, a tendency to arrest and impaction of the head when it is in the cavity; and thirdly, great
Increased blood pressure in rats after long-term inhibition of the neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase.
Authors: A Ollerstam, J Pittner, A E Persson, C Thorup
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

In the kidney, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) of the neuronal isoform (nNOS) is predominantly located in the macula densa cells. Unspecific chronic NOS inhibition in rats leads to elevated blood pressure (P(A)), associated with increased renal vascular resistance. This study was designed to examine the effect of chronic selective inhibition of nNOS with 7-nitro indazole (7-NI) on P(A), GFR, and the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) system. P(A) was repeatedly measured by a noninvasive tail-cuff technique for 4 wk in rats treated orally with 7-NI, and in control rats. After treatment, the animals were anesthetized and renal excretion rates, GFR, and TGF activity were determined. After 1 wk of 7-NI treatment P(A) was increased from 129+/-4 to 143 2 mmHg. GFR (1.85+/-0.1 vs. 1.97+/-0.2 ml/min in controls) was unchanged, but micropuncture studies revealed a more sensitive TGF than in controls. After 4 wk of 7-NI treatment P(A) was 152+/-4 mmHg, but no change in GFR (1.90+/-0.5 ml/min) or TGF sensitivity was detected. Acute administration of 7-NI to nontreated rats did not affect P(A), but decreased GFR (1.49+/-0.1 ml/min) and increased TGF sensitivity. In conclusion, chronic nNOS inhibition leads to increased P(A). Our results suggest that the elevated P(A) could be caused by an initially increased TGF sensitivity, leading to decreased GFR and an increased body fluid volume.
Mycobacterium avium Complex Infections in Patients with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: CATHERINE C. HAWKINS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Disseminated infection with Mycobacterium avium complex developed in 67 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who were followed at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Twenty-nine patients were treated with two or more antimycobacterial drugs for a mean of 6 weeks, and 7 patients received therapy for less than 1 month. Most patients received ansamycin, clofazimine, and ethionamide or ethambutol. Clinical improvement did not occur in treated patients, and microbiologic cure was never obtained. Mycobacterial bacteremia persisted in 24 of 26 treated patients. Colony counts of M. avium complex in sequential blood cultures decreased in 3 patients. Every autopsied patient with M. avium complex infection diagnosed before death, whether treated or not, had disseminated M. avium complex infection at autopsy.
Training Simulators and Education in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: Current Status and Perspectives in 2001
Authors: J. Hochberger, J. Maiss, B. Magdeburg, J. Cohen, E. G. Hahn
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

High tech medicine, optimal patient care and quality management are current topics in clinical medicine. While evidence-based medicine is rapidly becoming the "gold standard" for treatment modalities, the responsibility for education, the theoretical background as well as the acquisition and refinement of the manual skills of gastrointestinal endoscopy, remains in the hands of the individual physician. Practical skills are routinely acquired by practicing on the patient, initially under the supervision of a senior endoscopist. Over the years specialist medical societies have worked out guidelines and recommendations for establishing minimal quality requirements for the unsupervised performance of the various endoscopic techniques. However, structured training programs and mandatory teaching curricula for gastrointestinal endoscopy are still not established. The advent of new endoscopy simulators has rekindled the discussion as to whether it would be better to teach basic manual skills outside the patient. In the following review, we present a short overview of currently available training simulators. Present and potential future educational concepts in gastrointestinal endoscopy are discussed.
Accumulation of cystathionine, cystathionine ketimine, and perhydro-1,4-thiazepine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid in whole brain and various regions of the brain of D,L-propargylglycine–treated rats
Authors: Shirong Yu, Kazunori Sugahara, Kazuko Nakayama, Shiro Awata, Hiroyuki Kodama
Journal: Metabolism (2000)
Renal-Vein Thrombosis
Authors: G J Matthews, S Hall
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Figure 1. A 42-year-old man with a history of non-insulin-dependent diabetes presented with acute right-flank pain. He was afebrile, and an examination revealed tenderness of the right upper quadrant. The white-cell count was 17,700 per cubic millimeter, and the lactate dehydrogenase concentration was 317 U per liter. Urinalysis revealed more than 300 red cells per high-power field and severe proteinuria. The serum creatinine concentration was 1.3 mg per deciliter (115 μmol per liter), and the serum albumin concentration was 2.6 g per deciliter. A computed tomographic (CT) scan obtained after the injection of contrast material showed delayed function of the . . .
[178] TRANSJUGULAR LIVER BIOPSY: ARE 4 CORES BETTER THAN 3 AND DOES A CASSETTE PREVENT FRAGMENTATION
Authors: V. Shusang, L. Marelli, E. Cholongitas, G. Kalambokis, E. Manousou, M. Senzolo, D. Patch, A.K. Burroughs
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
New recommendations on mammography and cervical cancer screening disrupt US health reform debate
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2009)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Transposable elements (TEs) make up a majority of a typical eukaryote’s genome, and contribute to cell heterogeneity and fate in unclear ways. Single cell-sequencing technologies are powerful tools to explore cells, however analysis is typically gene-centric and TE activity has not been addressed. Here, we developed a single-cell TE processing pipeline, scTE, and report the activity of TEs in single cells in a range of biological contexts. Specific TE types were expressed in subpopulations of embryonic stem cells and were dynamically regulated during pluripotency reprogramming, differentiation, and embryogenesis. Unexpectedly, TEs were expressed in somatic cells, including human disease-specific TEs that are undetectable in bulk analyses. Finally, we applied scTE to single cell ATAC-seq data, and demonstrate that scTE can discriminate cell type using chromatin accessibly of TEs alone. Overall, our results reveal the dynamic patterns of TEs in single cells and their contributions to cell fate and heterogeneity.
Donor Serum SMARCAL1 Concentrations Predict Primary Graft Dysfunction in Cardiac Transplantation
Authors: Seyedhossein Aharinejad, Olena Andrukhova, Matthias Gmeiner, Anita Thomas, Arezu Aliabadi, Andreas Zuckermann, Katharina Krenn, Michael Grimm
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a life-threatening complication in cardiac transplantation. A sensitive, specific, and easily measurable predictor in donors could facilitate PGD prevention.SMARCAL1 is a matrix-associated regulator of chromatin with helicase and ATPase activities, and its serum concentrations were significantly increased in a targeted protein array in donors whose grafts developed PGD. Therefore, this study analyzed SMARCAL1 serum concentrations by ELISA in 336 heart donors before and after aortic cross-clamping (ACC) and in recipients at 10, 30, and 60 minutes reperfusion. Demographic and hemodynamic parameters of donors and recipients as well as transplant procedure characteristics were documented. PGD (n=68) was defined as ventricular dilation and hypocontractility associated with systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure >20 mm Hg, and decreased mixed venous oxygen saturation necessitating mechanical circulatory support. SMARCAL1 serum protein concentration was significantly increased only before and after ACC in donors (P<0.0001) whose grafts developed PGD compared to those who did not. In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, SMARCAL1 serum concentration at a cut-off level of > or =1.25 ng/mL before ACC in donors predicted PGD (P<0.0001, AUC=0.988, OR=17.050, 95% CI=5.200 to 55.901) with 96% sensitivity and 88% specificity. SMARCAL1 serum concentrations <1.25 ng/mL in donors before ACC resulted in 97% PGD-free outcome and SMARCAL1 concentrations > or =1.25 resulted in 83% PGD occurrence.Donor serum SMARCAL1 may serve as a specific, sensitive, and noninvasive predictive marker in the assessment of cardiac graft quality.
Fetal microchimerism alone does not contribute to the induction of primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Atsushi Tanaka, Keith Lindor, Robert Gish, Kenneth Batts, Yasushi Shiratori, Masao Omata, Lee J. Nelson, Aftab Ansari, Ross Coppel, Margaret Newsome, Eric M. Gershwin
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Microchimerism has been implicated in the etiology of autoimmune diseases. It has also been implicated in the induction/maintenance of fetal tolerance. We used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis to determine whether microchimerism occurred in patients who subsequently developed primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), and thus may be involved in its etiology. We performed PCR amplification of sequences unique to both the X and Y chromosomes from the livers of 37 women with PBC and 39 female controls using WAVE technology; a very sensitive technology based on an ion-pair reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography system. All patients were known to have had at least 1 son and it was confirmed that PBC was diagnosed after the birth of the son. Data were analyzed for both detection of the Y chromosome gene and the ratio of the yield of the Y chromosome PCR products to the X chromosome. The prevalence of Y chromosome detection in PBC was 26 of 37 (70%) compared with 28 of 39 (72%) in controls, and the ratio of Y chromosome to X chromosome was similar between the PBC and control groups, 0.402 ± 0.143 vs. 0.271 ± 0.055, respectively. Our results, using our more sensitive technology, showed that microchimerism is a very common event in human liver and supported the thesis that this may contribute to the induction/maintenance of fetal tolerance. However, although we cannot exclude the possibility that select fetal major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotypes might contribute to disease susceptibility, our data suggest that microchimerism by itself does not play a significant role in the development of PBC.
Sodium Reduction in Populations
Authors: Brian L. Strom, Cheryl A. M. Anderson, Joachim H. Ix
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Thalidomide‐induced pneumonitis in a patient with plasma cell leukemia: No recurrence with subsequent lenalidomide therapy
Authors: Jennifer Pretz, Bruno C. Medeiros
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2009)

Langerhans cell histiocytosis following acute leukemia in an adultTo the editor: A 69-year-old man presents with cough and SOB approximately 3.5 years following diagnosis of a poorly differentiated acute lymphocytic leukemia (progenitor cell phenotype).By flow cytometry, the initial leukemia in 1998 was positive for HLA-DR, CD34, and CD45 and negative for lymphoid and myeloid markers including: CD3, CD5, CD7, CD19, CD10, CD20, CD13, CD33, CD11b, and CD14; CD1a and S-100 protein staining were not available on this sample.A pathologic diagnosis of a progenitor cell leukemia most suggestive of acute lymphocytic leukemia was made.The patient received induction therapy in November 1998 and achieved a complete remission.Consolidation therapy was discontinued after one cycle due to severe cytopenias.Maintenance therapy was discontinued after 6 months secondary to methotrexate-induced hepatoxicity.Approximately 3.5 years after the initial diagnosis, the patient presented with back pain and leg weakness and found to have a paraspinal mass with cord compression.He underwent surgical resection followed by consolidative radiation.The lesion (see Fig. 1) was composed of sheets of medium to large sized mitotically active cells with relatively abundant cytoplasm.Occasional multinucleated tumor giant cells were also identified.The cell nuclei were vesicular with irregular contour and occasional grooves.Considering the remote history of a lymphocytic leukemia and the morphologic features which raised the possibility of an epithelioid/dendritic cell neoplasm, a panel of immunohistochemical stains was used to characterize the lesion.The tumor cells were positive for vimentin, CD1a, S-100 protein, CD43 and focally for keratins, CD45, CD68, and lysozyme.Negative immunostains included EMA, Melan-A, CD3, CD20, CD21, CD35, Kappa and Lambda light chains, and MPO.Leder's histochemical stain was negative.Based on the morphology and the immunohistochemical profile, a diagnosis of a dendritic cell neoplasm most consistent with Langerhans cell sarcoma was rendered.Electron microscopic studies were not performed.Bone marrow biopsy revealed trilineage hematopoiesis with no evidence of leukemic involvement.Approximately 2 months later, he developed a similar soft tissue mass in the right upper chest extending into the right supraclavicular area.Radiation treatment resulted in a complete clinical response in the chest mass and he had no evidence of progression for 1 year.The patient then developed shortness of breath and fevers.A CXR showed a right
Results from an international case-control study of childhood brain tumors: the role of prenatal vitamin supplementation.
Authors: S Preston-Martin, J M Pogoda, B A Mueller, F Lubin, B Modan, E A Holly, G Filippini, S Cordier, R Peris-Bonet, W Choi, J Little, A Arslan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

An international case-control study of primary pediatric brain tumors included interviews with mothers of cases diagnosed from 1976 to 1994 and mothers of population controls. Data are available on maternal vitamin use during pregnancy for 1051 cases and 1919 controls from eight geographic areas in North America, Europe, and Israel. Although risk estimates varied by study center, combined results suggest that maternal supplementation for two trimesters may decrease risk of brain tumor (odds ratio [OR] 0.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.5-0.9), with a trend of less risk with longer duration of use (p trend = 0.0007). The greatest risk reduction was among children diagnosed under 5 years of age whose mothers used supplements during all three trimesters (OR 0.5, CI 0.3-0.8). This effect did not vary by histology and was seen for supplementation during pregnancy rather than during the month before pregnancy or while breast feeding. These findings are largely driven by data from the United States, where most mothers took vitamins. The proportion of control mothers who took vitamins during pregnancy varied tremendously: from 3% in Israel and France, 21% in Italy, 33% in Canada, 52% in Spain and 86 to 92% at the three U.S. centers. The composition of the various multivitamin compounds taken also varied: the daily dose of vitamin C ranged from 0 to 600 mg, vitamin E ranged from 0 to 70 mg, vitamin A ranged from 0 to 30,000 IU, and folate ranged from 0 to 2000 micrograms. Mothers also took individual micronutrient supplements (e.g., vitamin C tablets), but most mothers who took these also took multivitamins, making it impossible to determine potential independent effects of these micronutrients.
UK trainee surgeon was "unlawfully killed" in Syria, inquest rules
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A UK trainee orthopaedic surgeon who died in a Syrian prison was unlawfully killed, an inquest jury in London has ruled.

Abbas Khan, 32, a Muslim of Indian origin from south London, was detained in Syria two years ago[1] and found dead in a prison cell in Damascus last December.[2] The Syrian authorities said that he had committed suicide and was found hanging in his cell, but his family claimed that …
Relation between Therapy for Hyperthyroidism and the Course of Graves' Ophthalmopathy
Authors: Luigi Bartalena, Claudio Marcocci, Fausto Bogazzi, Luca Manetti, Maria Laura Tanda, Enrica Dell'Unto, Gabriella Bruno-Bossio, Marco Nardi, Maria Pia Bartolomei, Antonio Lepri, Giuseppe Rossi, Enio Martino, Aldo Pinchera
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

The chief clinical characteristics of Graves' disease are hyperthyroidism and ophthalmopathy. The relation between the two and the effect of treatment for hyperthyroidism on ophthalmopathy are unclear.We studied 443 patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism and slight or no ophthalmopathy who were randomly assigned to receive radioiodine, radioiodine followed by a 3-month course of prednisone, or methimazole for 18 months. The patients were evaluated for changes in the function and appearance of the thyroid and progression of ophthalmopathy at intervals of 1 to 2 months for 12 months. Hypothyroidism and persistent nyperthyroiaism were promptly corrected.Among the 150 patients treated with radioiodine, ophthalmopathy developed or worsened in 23 (15 percent) two to six months after treatment. The change was transient in 15 patients, but it persisted in 8 (5 percent), who subsequently required treatment for their eye disease. None of the 55 other patients in this group who had ophthalmopathy at base line had improvement in their eye disease. Among the 145 patients treated with radioiodine and prednisone, 50 (67 percent) of the 75 with ophthalmopathy at base line had improvement, and no patient had progression. The effects of radioiodine on thyroid function were similar in these two groups. Among the 148 patients treated with methimazole, 3 (2 percent) who had ophthalmopathy at base line improved, 4 (3 percent) had worsening of eye disease, and the remaining 141 had no change.Radioiodine therapy for Graves' hyperthyroidism is followed by the appearance or worsening of ophthalmopathy more often than is therapy with methimazole. Worsening of ophthalmopathy after radioiodine therapy is often transient and can be prevented by the administration of prednisone.
Successful treatment of multiple liver metastases by liver perfusion.
Authors: R H Grace, K W Scott
Journal: BMJ (1987)

<h3>Objective</h3> Cribriform plate dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) is a rare pathology, for which the treatment of choice used to be neurosurgery. Technological advances in micro-catheters and embolic agents permitted new endovascular alternatives. <h3>Methods</h3> We included all patients treated endovascularly for a cribriform plate dAVF between 2008 and 2013. We retrospectively analysed data focusing on the type of treatment chosen. <h3>Results</h3> Ten patients were treated by endovascular approach, with a need for an additional surgical exclusion of the fistula in two cases. Thirteen embolisation sessions were done. Embolisation of the fistula through an ethmoidal artery was the technique of choice; the catheterism of the ophthalmic artery was impossible in two cases and the embolic agent did not penetrate in four cases. The embolisation through the middle meningeal artery was successful in one case but the tortuosity of this artery prevented good penetration of the embolic agent. Venous approach was successful in all cases but was limited to fistulas with superficial venous drainage. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Endovascular treatment of cribriform plate dAVF is safe and effective. The embolisation through ethmoidal artery is the method of choice. Branches of the middle meningeal artery are tortuous and prevent the penetration of embolic agent. Venous approach is effective but is limited to cases of failure of the arterial approach.
GM-CSF contributes to aortic aneurysms resulting from SMAD3 deficiency
Authors: Ping Ye, Wenhao Chen, Jie Wu, Xiaofan Huang, Jun Li, Sihua Wang, Zheng Liu, Guohua Wang, Xiao Yang, Peng Zhang, Qiulun Lv, Jiahong Xia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Heterozygous loss-of-function SMAD3 (Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3) mutations lead to aneurysm-osteoarthritis syndrome (AOS). In the present study, we found that mice lacking Smad3 had a vascular phenotype similar to AOS, marked by the progressive development of aneurysms. These aneurysms were associated with various pathological changes in transmural inflammatory cell infiltration. Bone marrow transplants from Smad3-/- mice induced aortitis and aortic root dilation in irradiated WT recipient mice. Transplantation of CD4+ T cells from Smad3-/- mice also induced aortitis in Smad3+/+ recipient mice, while depletion of CD4+ T cells in Smad3-/- mice reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the aortic root. Furthermore, IFN-γ deficiency increased, while IL-17 deficiency decreased, disease severity in Smad3+/- mice. Cytokine secretion was measured using a cytokine quantibody array, and Smad3-/- CD4+ T cells secreted more GM-CSF than Smad3+/+ CD4+ T cells. GM-CSF induced CD11b+Gr-1+Ly-6Chi inflammatory monocyte accumulation in the aortic root, but administration of anti-GM-CSF mAb to Smad3-/- mice resulted in significantly less inflammation and dilation in the aortic root. We also identified a missense mutation (c.985A>G) in a family of thoracic aortic aneurysms. Intense inflammatory infiltration and GM-CSF expression was observed in aortas specimens of these patients, suggesting that GM-CSF is potentially involved in the development of AOS.