tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Engraftment of Bone Marrow from Severe Combined Immunodeficient (SCID) Mice Reverses the Reproductive Deficits in Natural Killer Cell–deficient tgε26 Mice
Authors: Marie-Josée Guimond, Baoping Wang, B. Anne Croy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

A large, transient population of natural killer (NK) cells appears in the murine uterine mesometrial triangle during pregnancy. Depletion of uterine (u) NK cells, recently achieved using gene-ablated and transgenic mice, results in pathology. Pregnancies from matings of homozygous NK and T cell-deficient tg epsilon 26 mice have <1% of normal uNK cell frequency, no development of an implantation site-associated metrial gland, and an edematous decidua with vascular pathology that includes abnormally high vessel walls/lumens ratios. Fetal loss of 64% occurs midgestation and placentae are small. None of these features are seen in pregnant T cell-deficient mice. To confirm the role of the NK cell deficiency in these reproductive deficits, transplantation of tg epsilon 26 females was undertaken using bone marrow from B and T cell-deficient scid/scid donors. Engrafted pregnant females have restoration of the uNK cell population, induced metrial gland differentiation, reduced anomalies in the decidua and decidual blood vessels, increased placental sizes, and restoration of fetal viability at all gestational days studied (days 10, 12, and 14). Thus, uNK cells appear to have critical functions in pregnancy that promote decidual health, the appropriate vascularization of implantation sites, and placental size.
Cholesterol Embolization
Authors: MIRIAM MOLDVEEN-GERONIMUS, JOSEPH C. MERRIAM
Journal: Circulation (1967)

In the two cases of multiple system disease due to atheromatous embolization presented, increasingly severe hypertension developed owing to renal involvement. One patient had acute pancreatitis from embolization to the pancreas. The second patient had mottling of the skin of the legs. Purple toes were present and gangrene developed in 3 toes. The possible influence of anticoagulant therapy in promoting peripheral cholesterol embolism is discussed. It is suggested that the "purple toe syndrome" may be a manifestation of cholesterol embolization secondary to anticoagulant therapy.
Effects of anoxia on kinetics of [13N] glutamate and 13NH3 metabolism in rabbit myocardium.
Authors: J Krivokapich, R E Keen, M E Phelps, K I Shine, J R Barrio
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

Positron emission tomography is a unique noninvasive imaging technique that provides cross-sectional images of radiotracer concentrations in myocardium and permits measurement of blood flow as well as metabolism. Ammonia and glutamate have been labeled with the positron-emitter 13N (half-life 10 minutes) for use with positron emission tomography as tracers of flow and metabolism, respectively. In order to characterize the fate of these 13N-labelled compounds in myocardium, isolated rabbit interventricular septa were used to study the kinetics of [13N] glutamate ([13N]glu) and 13NH3 under aerobic and anoxic conditions. Tissue analyses 6 minutes after injection of a [13N]glu bolus into myocardium revealed that 70% of the 13N-label was present in [13N]glu 12%, 11%, and 4% in [13N]alanine ([13N]ala), [13N]aspartate ([13N]asp), and [13N]glutamine ([13N]gln), respectively. The corresponding relative specific activities were 1.0:0.4:0.5:0.01. Anoxia resulted in a significant increase in [13N]ala with a reduction in [13N]glu. This was consistent with increased pyruvate production due to increased anaerobic glycolysis and transamination of pyruvate with [13N]glu to yield [13N]ala. In support of this, addition of 2 mM pyruvate to the perfusate under control conditions produced a tissue distribution of 13N similar to that with anoxia. Six minutes after a bolus of 13NH3 during both control and anoxic conditions, 60% of the tissue 13N-label was in [13N]gln with no detectable amounts in other amino acids. The rest of the 13N-label was in 13NH3. Time-activity curve analyses demonstrated that anoxia significantly reduced the tissue retention of 13N-label from 13NH3 but not from [13N]glu. Thus, 13N from 13NH3 and [13N]glu was retained in tissue by different mechanisms involving glutamate, which were affected differentially by anoxia. These results suggest that positron emission tomography imaging with 13NH3 and [13N]glu in combination may be useful in identifying ischemic myocardium.
SP0036 Disparities in access and in quality of care in rheumatology
Authors: C. Borkhoff
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

Evidence of disparities in health care is remarkably consistent across a range of diseases and health care services. Osteoarthritis (OA) and other rheumatic diseases are no exception. The greater severity of rheumatic diseases in a number of disadvantaged population subgroups suggests that there are disparities in access to care and/or in the actual <i>delivery</i> of care (i.e., how, or how well, individuals are managed over time). There is compelling evidence that some patients receive inadequate nonpharmacological and pharmacological OA care based on patient characteristics such as socioeconomic status (SES) or gender. Perhaps the most studied disparity in the rheumatic diseases is in total joint replacement (TJR). Despite a higher prevalence of disabling OA among vulnerable populations, disparities in the rates of use of TJR in appropriate and willing surgical candidates have been observed by sex, race/ethnicity/culture, and SES. Possible explanations for disparities in the quality of care in rheumatology including differential access to health care, patient preferences and physician bias will be explored. The equity-effectiveness loop framework will be presented as one way to evaluate disparities in rheumatological care and highlight the greatest barrier to equity. I will describe a study we did involving standardized patients, one that we dubbed "Operation Knee", that provided some of the most conclusive evidence to date of a significant physician contribution to gender disparity in TKR utilization. An ongoing study to determine whether the source of the observed gender bias is based on implicit attitudes or unconscious bias using an implicit association test will be described. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Letter: Detection of scanty blood parasites.
Authors: H B Goodall
Journal: BMJ (1976)

in its longest diameter was the only lesion detected.No evidence was found by which the latter could be aetiologically linked to the hydrops.In particular, there were no "vuln- erable" blood vessels of the placenta that might have been obstructed by the tumour, nor was this excessively vascular, so that an arteriovenous shunt effect was unlikely.Explanations such as protein sequestration by the tumour or unduly rapid increase in the vascular bed are within the realms of speculation.This association has not been reported before so far as I am aware (although Macafee et al; mention a case of mediastinal teratoma associated with hydrops) and I should be grateful to hear from any of your readers who know of a similar observation.
Removal of cockroach allergen from inner-city homes
Authors: Peyton A. Eggleston, Robert A. Wood, Cynthia Rand, W.Jay Nixon, Pei Hua Chen, Peter Lukk
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1999)

<h2>Abstract</h2> <b>Background:</b> Allergen avoidance has been shown to improve the morbidity and physiology of asthma. Although cockroach allergen has been implicated in chronic asthma, little work has been reported on the feasibility of allergen removal from infested homes. <b>Objective:</b> The objective of this study was to examine the effect of professional pest control and home cleaning on cockroach infestation and allergen concentrations in settled dust samples from the kitchens, bedrooms, and television-living rooms of inner-city homes. <b>Methods:</b> Thirteen homes in inner-city Baltimore, Maryland, received a professional cleaning, with vacuuming and a thorough cleaning in the kitchen. Pest control technicians applied abamectin 0.05% gel to the kitchen and, to a limited extent, to the rest of the home and the cleaning was repeated. Technicians visited monthly from month 2 to month 8 to inspect, collect dust samples, and place passive cockroach traps. Bla g 1 concentrations in dust extract were measured by means of ELISA. <b>Results:</b> The number of cockroaches captured in passive traps decreased rapidly in 11 homes, but complete extermination was achieved in only 7 homes. Bla g 1 concentrations were reduced by 93% in kitchens, 77% in television-living rooms, and 74% in bedrooms. The relative reduction in cockroach allergen was not related to successful extermination or to signs of poor housecleaning. <b>Conclusion:</b> We concluded that cockroach extermination is feasible in inner-city homes but that standard housecleaning procedures are only partially effective in removing residual allergen over 8 months. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:842-6.)
Complications of Diuretics
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Many favorable comments have come from readers of the CLINICAL CARDIOLOGY series sponsored inThe Journalby the American Heart Association. The readers find the articles to be practical, succinct, and generally complete. On the last point, the article "How to Avoid Complications of Potent Diuretics" (235:2526, 1976) failed to mention possible clinically important adverse effects of diuretics on calcium and magnesium excretion. As a ready source of reference, an editorial in the<i>British Medical Journal</i>(1:170, 1975) notes that long-term administration of diuretics may cause either hypocalcemia or hypercalcemia, depending on the type of diuretic administered. More important, the thiazide diuretics and furosemide tend to deplete body magnesium stores, thereby producing symptoms of hypomagnesemia (predisposition to ventricular premature contractions, exacerbation of digitalis toxicity, muscular cramps, paresthesias, nausea, and vomiting). The editorial concludes: "Perhaps in the not too distant future we shall be giving our patients on diuretics
Carpal instability in rheumatoid arthritis and calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease. Pathogenesis and roentgen appearance.
Authors: D Resnick, G Niwayama
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1977)

The roentgen appearance and pathogenesis of carpal instability are described in an evaluation of patients and cadavers with rheumatoid arthritis and calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease. Dorsiflexion (16%) and palmar flexion (8%) instability occurs in rheumatoid arthritis, particularly in patients with moderate to advanced disease. Navicular-lunate dissociation frequently accompanies dorsiflexion instability and results from involvement of the interosseous ligament between the two bones by rheumatoid pannus. Carpal instability and navicular-lunate dissociation also accompany pyrophosphate arthropathy, resulting from calcific deposition and cystic degeneration of ligamentous structures.
RUNX1 regulates phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathway: role in chemotherapy sensitivity in acute megakaryocytic leukemia
Authors: Holly Edwards, Chengzhi Xie, Katherine M. LaFiura, Alan A. Dombkowski, Steven A. Buck, Julie L. Boerner, Jeffrey W. Taub, Larry H. Matherly, Yubin Ge
Journal: Blood (2009)
Determination of atrial septal defect size by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Godtfred Holmvang, Richard Liberthson, Gus Vlahakes, Igor F. Palacios, Howard E. Waldman, Peter C. Block, Robert E. Dinsmore, Stephen W. Miller, Thomas J. Brady, Howard L. Kantor
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome
Authors: Hugh H. Hussey
Journal: JAMA (1976)

In 1974, Kawasaki et al<sup>1</sup>reported for the first time in a US medical journal what appears to be a new disease, tentatively called mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. The first report on mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome had been made in 1967 by Kawasaki,<sup>2</sup>whose experience at that time was based on study of 50 cases. Since then, Kawasaki and his colleagues<sup>1</sup>observed that more than 6,000 cases have been reported in Japan as of 1973. One to two percent of patients reported had died suddenly of cardiac failure. Search for a causative agent has been unrewarding, except that rickettsia-like bodies were found by electron microscopy in some biopsy specimens from the skin and lymph nodes of patients. The principal symptoms can be tabulated in modified form from the report by Kawasaki et al. In the current issue of<i>American Journal of Diseases of Children</i>, Melish et al
Vitamin D, Calcium, and Epidermal Differentiation*
Authors: DANIEL D. BIKLE, SREEKUMAR PILLAI
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1993)

THE SKIN is the sole source of cholecalciferol or vitamin D3 (D3), the precursor for a family of vitamin D metabolites whose best understood role is the regulation of bone mineral homeostasis (see Fig. 1). In the skin D3 is produced by a two-step mechanism from 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) (1). The first step, the breaking of the B ring after UV irradiation, results in the formation of pre-D3; the second step, the thermal conversion of pre-D3 to D3, provides for a sustained release of D3 to the body where it undergoes subsequent metabolism first in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) and then in a variety of tissues to additional metabolites, the most potent of which is 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]. The plant sterol ergosterol undergoes a similar photoactivation to ergocalciferol or vitamin D2 (D2). D2 differs from D3 in that it contains a double bond between C22–23 and a methyl group at C24 of the side chain. In humans the metabolism of D2 and the potency of its metabolites are comparable to that of D3, allowing D2 to be widely used in pharmacological preparations in which a vitamin D supplement is desired. Although D3 and its metabolites are the natural form of this hormone family, this review will not, in general, use the distinguishing subscript because of the comparability between D3 and D2.
The Breivik case and what psychiatrists can learn from it
Authors: Ingrid Melle
Journal: World Psychiatry (2013)

In the afternoon of July 22, 2011, Norwegian Anders Behring Breivik killed 77 persons, many of them children and youths, in two separate events. On August 24, 2012, he was sentenced to 21 years in prison. Breivik went through two forensic evaluations: the first concluded that he had a psychotic disorder, thus being legally unaccountable, whereas the second concluded that he had a personality disorder, thus being legally accountable. This article first describes Breivik's background and his crimes. This is followed by an overview of the two forensic evaluations, their methods, contents and disagreements, and how these issues were handled by the court in the verdict. Finally, the article focuses on some lessons psychiatrists can take from the case.
The Organochlorine <i>o,p’</i> -DDT Plays a Role in Coactivator-Mediated MAPK Crosstalk in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Melyssa R. Bratton, Daniel E. Frigo, H. Chris Segar, Kenneth P. Nephew, John A. McLachlan, Thomas E. Wiese, Matthew E. Burow
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

The organochlorine dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), a known estrogen mimic and endocrine disruptor, has been linked to animal and human disorders. However, the detailed mechanism(s) by which DDT affects cellular physiology remains incompletely defined.We and others have shown that DDT activates cell-signaling cascades, culminating in the activation of estrogen receptor-dependent and -independent gene expression. Here, we identify a mechanism by which DDT alters cellular signaling and gene expression, independent of the estrogen receptor.We performed quantitative polymerase chain reaction array analysis of gene expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells using either estradiol (E₂) or o,p´-DDT to identify distinct cellular gene expression responses. To elucidate the mechanisms by which DDT regulates cell signaling, we used molecular and pharmacological techniques.E₂ and DDT treatment both altered the expression of many of the genes assayed, but up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) was observed only after DDT treatment, and this increase was not affected by the pure estrogen receptor α antagonist ICI 182780. Furthermore, DDT increased activation of the HIF-1 response element (HRE), a known enhancer of the VEGFA gene. This DDT-mediated increase in HRE activity was augmented by the coactivator CBP (CREB-binding protein) and was dependent on the p38 pathway.DDT up-regulated the expression of several genes in MCF-7 breast cancer cells that were not altered by treatment with E₂, including VEGFA. We propose that this DDT-initiated, ER-independent stimulation of gene expression is due to DDT's ability to initiate crosstalk between MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathways and transcriptional coactivators.
Changing the Treatment Paradigm for Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Stefano Del Prato, Giuseppe Penno, Roberto Miccoli
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

Based on the results of the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), “… treatment of type 2 diabetes [should] include aggressive efforts to lower blood glucose levels as close to normal as possible. …” This was the recommendation the American Diabetes Association promulgated based on the results of the UKPDS when published (1). The suggestion was soon adopted by official guidelines in every region of the world (2). They are generally consistent in recommending an A1C goal of <7.0%. However, the results of the UKPDS remained inconclusive with respect to cardiovascular (CV) complications because of a risk reduction that was only close to statistical significance (−16%, P = 0.052). In support of the UKPDS results, however, a recent meta-analysis of randomized trials in type 2 diabetes (3) calculated a 19% reduction in the incidence of any type of macrovascular event associated with improved long-term glycemic control. Moreover, a strong association between glycemic control and micro- and macrovascular disease has been highlighted in type 1 diabetic patients (4,5).

Nevertheless, these results have been challenged by recent large-scale intervention trials. The Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial randomized >10,000 subjects with type 2 diabetes and vascular disease, or multiple CV risk factors, to an intensive treatment program targeting normal blood glucose values and A1C <6%, or a standard treatment program aiming at A1C between 7 and 7.9%. The intensive blood glucose arm was prematurely stopped because of excess mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.22, 95% CI 1.01–1.46; P = 0.04) and lack of significant reduction of primary outcome, i.e., a composite of nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or death from CV causes (HR 0.90, 0.78–1.04; P = 0.16) (6). After a median 5-year follow-up, the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron MR Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE), …
India sets target to build 5.2 million toilets in rural areas by end of August
Authors: P. Pulla
Journal: BMJ (2014)

India’s Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation has set an ambitious target of building 5.2 million toilets across rural India by the end of August this year, after a request from the new Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) led union government, which has previously affirmed its commitment to improving sanitation in India. 

Speaking at a function in Delhi last October Narendra Modi, BJP’s leader and now prime minister of India, had famously said that India needed to build toilets first and temples later.

The latest drive to build toilets, announced on 4 July under the Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan national sanitation programme, is an attempt to solve the pernicious problem of open defecation in India. Over 60% of Indians do not use …
Cardiac Tamponade From Ventricular Perforation by a Transvenous Pacemaker
Authors: Donald C. Mullen
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Acute cardiac tamponade secondary to perforation of the right ventricle during the placing of transvenous-endocardial pacemaker catheters occurred in two patients. These perforations may have occurred because the pacemaker stylets were not withdrawn soon enough. Prompt recognition and treatment of this potentially lethal complication of the placing of pacemaker catheters are mandatory.
753. Efficient Gene Therapy by Intercellular Spread and Specific Internalization of the Transgene Product
Authors: Antoine M. Beerens, Marianne G. Rots, Hidde J. Haisma
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Introduction: Gene therapy protocols have thus far been unable to treat conditions where it is vital that all diseased cells are reached by the therapy. This inability is mainly caused by the inefficiency of gene therapy vectors; simply too few cells actually receive the transgene. Replicating viruses do spread, and cancer gene therapy using replication competent viruses has shown promising successes, although the safety of these vectors remains one of the main concerns. Moreover, as replicating vectors usually destroy the infected cells, this strategy will find limited use outside of the cancer field.
Persistent glucose production during glucose infusion in the neonate.
Authors: R M Cowett, W Oh, R Schwartz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

In adults, glucose infusion results in a decreased glucose production rate (GPR) as a mechanism for maintaining euglycemia. To document the development of glucose homeostasis, we derived the GPR in 23 preterm appropriate for gestational age infants, 14 term appropriate for gestational age infants, and in 6 adults. After a 3-h fast, the average plasma glucose and insulin concentration was measured and the GPR was derived. During glucose infusion (5.6 +/- 0.3 mg X kg-1 min-1), compared with saline controls, the preterms had a rise in plasma glucose and plasma insulin, and the GPR was 1.4 mg X kg-1 min-1 (range, 0-4.4) vs. 3.0 mg X kg-1 min-1 (range, 1.8-4.1) (saline controls). In the term infants, only the plasma insulin concentration was elevated when the glucose infused (5.7 +/- 0.3 mg X kg-1 min-1) infants were compared with the saline controls and GPR was 0.4 X kg-1 min-1 (range, 0-2.6) vs. 3.4 mg X kg-1 min-1 (range, 2.8-5.7) (saline controls). In comparison to saline infused adults, glucose infusion (3.2 +/- 0.1 mg X kg-1 min-1) resulted in a significant rise in plasma glucose and in plasma insulin; and the GPR was reduced to 0.1 mg X kg-1 min-1 (range, 0-0.3) from 2.0 mg X kg-1 min-1 (range, 1.5-2.4). 5 of 13 preterms and 2 of 7 term infants had persistent GPR during glucose infusion; in contrast, the GPR in all adults was unmeasurable. There was no correlation between the plasma glucose concentration and the GPR in the newborn or in the adult. Both newborns and adults did have a correlation between plasma insulin concentration and the GPR; however, there was considerable variability in the neonate. We conclude that there are significant developmental differences in neonatal glucose homeostasis and that insulin is important in neonatal hormonal control of glucose production.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON IRIDOTASIS IN THE TREATMENT OF GLAUCOMA
Authors: WILLIAM H. WILDER
Journal: JAMA (1923)

The number of methods of treatment of glaucoma seems to be proportionate to the number of theories advanced as to the causation of the condition. Uncertain as is our present knowledge of the pathogenesis of this singular eye trouble that we call glaucoma, it is little wonder that in attacking it we aim at its most prominent feature, increased intraocular pressure. We may feel that if we have by some means succeeded in reducing this increased pressure, even for a considerable period, we have restored the eye to a normal condition; but such an impression is in many instances far from the truth, as everyone with much experience must have observed. The conditions that operated to bring about the increased intraocular pressure may insidiously continue to affect the eye, even if the pressure is lowered by operation, and may be manifested by changes in the lens, the uveal tract, optic