tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Combination Oral Therapy Appears Effective in Treating HCV
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Biological Effects and Hazards of Laser Radiation.
Authors: Samuel Fine
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966Biological Effects and Hazards of Laser Radiation.Samuel Fine, M.D., Edmund Klein, M.D., William H. Haynie, Ph.D., Martin Litwin, M.D., Yona Laer, M.D., Frederick S. Hust, M.A.Samuel Fine, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Edmund Klein, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, William H. Haynie, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, Martin Litwin, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Yona Laer, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Frederick S. Hust, M.A.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1174_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe range of biological effects and the potential hazards of laser radiation are increasing as rapid technological advances provide increasing energy and power levels in the ultraviolet, visible and infrared.Studies were carried out on over 5,000 rodents to elucidate mechanisms of interactions of laser radiation at several levels of biological organization as a basis for meaningful applications to biomedical problems and for assessing short- and long-term hazards. The factors studied included elevation of temperature, phase transformation, pressure waves, back-scattered radiation and particulate matter, formation of charged particles and free radicals.Thresholds for reversible changes in the intact mammal were... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Samuel Fine, M.D.; Edmund Klein, M.D.; William H. Haynie, Ph.D.; Martin Litwin, M.D.; Yona Laer, M.D.; Frederick S. Hust, M.A.Affiliations: Buffalo and Rochester, New York, and Boston, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1174-1174KeywordsParticulatesTemperature ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF downloadLoading ...
Futurology in Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Pathology is most simply defined as "the study of disease." Study of disease has been based on science for hundreds of years, so it has largely used laboratory methods. Thus, we have traditionally defined the practice of pathology as the application of all laboratory sciences to health and disease. Rooted since antiquity in the study of the dead, modern pathology has focused almost entirely on studying disease processes in the living, using many forms of modern technology and systems theory. Pathologists comprise a small specialty—only 3% of all physicians—and their work engenders virtually no public profile. Most pathologists work in hospital laboratories, and ever-increasing concerns about the misuse of medical resources have focused on items that are easy to tabulate, such as laboratory tests. For these and other reasons, government intrusion into the practice of pathology has been especially marked in recent years, forcing adaptation (not always easily), offering the
Pre-election insecurity in Afghanistan hampers health service delivery
Authors: Fiona Fleck
Journal: BMJ (2004)

It's three years since the fall of the Taliban; now, with an election looming, Afghanistan's battle is for better health

Mounting insecurity in the runup to the October election is hampering delivery of much needed health services in Afghanistan while severe cash shortages are threatening ambitious government plans to create the country's first modern public health service, say humanitarian and government officials.

Even the humanitarian support that flooded into Afghanistan after the fall of the Taliban in 2001 is waning, most visibly this month when Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) pulled out of the country after 24 years after the killing of five of its workers in June (12 June, p 1398).

Since then, another non-governmental organisation, Malteser, from Germany, suspended its operations in Afghanistan's restive south east after two of its healthcare workers were ambushed and killed, and the United Nations refugee agency said it was scaling down its operations in the region too.

With less financial support than the Afghan government hoped for from key donors such as the …
Dermatitis From Contact With Moths (Genus Hylesia)
Authors: Nardo Zaias
Journal: JAMA (1969)

An outbreak of dermatitis from contact with moths of the genus Hylesia prompted the clinical and histologic study of both naturally occurring and experimentally produced moth dermatitis. The histologic findings were considered incompatible with pure mechanical injury of the skin by the spinous structures of the scales of the moth, but were suggestive of a toxic injury as the principal cause of the dermatitis.
Type I interferons might form the link between Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3/7 and TLR4-mediated synovial inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Authors: M F Roelofs, M H Wenink, F Brentano, S Abdollahi-Roodsaz, B Oppers-Walgreen, P Barrera, P L C M van Riel, L A B Joosten, D Kyburz, W B van den Berg, T R D J Radstake
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2008)

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been associated with an increased risk of infections, but the underlying pathways have not yet been identified. Toll-like receptors (TLR) probably play a role in synovial inflammation and may also contribute to the understanding of the role of infections in RA. Objectives: To investigate if the synovial expression of TLR3 and TLR7 in RA correlates with that of inflammatory cytokines, and to assess whether this has functional consequences for local cytokine production and to study potential links between the TLR3/7 axis and TLR4 in RA synovium. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to study the expression of TLR3, TLR7, interferon α (IFNα), tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukins IL1β, IL12, IL17 and IL18 in RA synovium obtained by arthroscopy from 34 patients with RA. Monocytes, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) and RA synovial fibroblasts were stimulated via TLR3 (poly-IC) and TLR7 (loxorubin), after which IL1β, IL6 and TNFα were measured by Luminex bead array technology. Following preincubation with IFNα, IL1β and IL18, TLR3 and TLR7 mRNA expression was assessed using real-time PCR. Cytokine production after preincubation with IFNα and subsequent TLR stimulation was measured. Results: Synovial TLR3/7 expression was co-expressed with IFNα, IL1β and IL18, but not with TNFα, IL12 and IL17. Stimulation of TLR3/TLR7 on monocytes, MoDCs or synovial fibroblasts led to secretion of type I IFN but no biologically active IL1β or IL18 could be detected. Type I IFNα increased TLR3/7 mRNA expression whereas IL1β and IL18 did not. In spite of the fact that the mRNA level of TLR4 remained unchanged, IFNα enhanced the response to TLR4 agonists, a phenomenon that was clearly more marked in patients with RA. Conclusion: Type I interferons are highly co-expressed with TLR3/TLR7 in RA synovium. They enhance TLR3/TLR7-mediated cytokine production and also TLR4-mediated responses.
1046 ROLE OF ANGIOPOIETIN RECEPTOR TIE-2 IN THE INVASION OF HUMAN HEPATIC STELLATE CELLS INDUCED BY HEPATITIS C VIRUS
Authors: S. Martín-Vílchez, Y. Rodríguez-Muñoz, R. López-Rodríguez, Á. Hernández-Bartolomé, F. Molina-Jiménez, M. Trapero-Marugán, R. Moreno-Otero, P. Sanz-Cameno
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
861. AAV Gene Delivery for the Cornea
Authors: Jia Liu, Sonal S. Tuli, David C. Bloom, Gregory S. Schultz, William W. Hauswirth, Alfred S. Lewin
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Purpose: Gene therapy approach has attracted significant interest in curing chronic and potentially recurrent corneal diseases. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is non-pathogenic to the host and has the advantages of long term delivery of genes to both dividing and non dividing cells. The goal of this study includes (1) to compare gene transfer efficiency of different serotypes of AAV vectors in the rabbit cornea, (2) to locate transgene expression in different cell populations of corneal tissue.

Methods: An AAV2 vector expressing GFP driven by the chicken- |[beta]|-actin promoter and CMV enhancer was packaged in 5 different capsid types (1, 2, 5, 7, 8). Both eyes of NZ white rabbits were infected with the same serotype or pseudo type. Equal numbers of AAV particles (1011 vector genomes) were diluted in buffer and applied to the cornea for 10 minutes following excimer ablation of the corneal epithelium to 25 microns. Seven days were allowed for gene expression before corneas were removed. The corneas were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde before cryosectioning at 10um thickness. One sample was analyzed at every third section. Immunostaining using biotinylated antibody against GFP and an alkaline phosphatase detection as well as a peroxidase detection system were employed. Bright field and fluorescence micrographs were taken for each section using a morphometric microscope, and the level of GFP immunostaining was measured using MCID software.

Results: By 7 days all the serotypes of AAV led to expression of the transgene in all layers of the corneal tissue. Epithelial cells were heavily stained compared with stroma and endothelial cells. AAV type 1 was 20 -30% more efficient in gene delivery in comparison with other serotypes, followed by AAV type 8 which exhibited the highest level of penetration to deep layers of the cornea.

Conclusions: Among all the serotypes that have been currently tested AAV type 1 and 8 can provide long term and highly efficient transduction. These experiments point the way for delivery of potential therapeutic genes to the cornea ex vivo for the transplant and in vivo.
Use of medicines in general practice.
Authors: D C Skegg, R Doll, J Perry
Journal: BMJ (1977)

The prescriptions issued by general practitioners to a population of about 40 000 people were studied. During one year 53-8% of all males and 65-7% of all females had at least one drug dispensed. The proportion receiving medicines increased with age and was higher among females at all ages. Psychotropic drugs were prescribed more often than any other group and accounted for almost one-fifth of all prescriptions. Altogether 9-7% of the males in the population and 21-0% of the females received at least one psychotropic drug during the year. Among women aged 45-59 33-0% received a psychotropic drug, and 11-2% were given an antidepressant. Althoug antimicrobial drugs were prescribed less often than psychotropic drugs, they were given to more people.
Earthenware Containers as a Source of Fatal Lead Poisoning
Authors: Michael Klein, Rosalie Namer, Eleanor Harpur, Richard Corbin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Two young children suffered lead poisoning as a result of drinking juice stored in a modern handmade earthenware jug. One of the children died. Subsequent testing of 264 contemporary earthenware glaze surfaces revealed that 50 per cent released sufficient lead to make them unsafe for culinary use. Between 10 and 25 per cent of the pieces tested would have been capable of causing severe lead poisoning. Compounding of safe earthenware glazes is essential.
Physician, feel thyself
Authors: I Robertson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Now, let's do a week check: Do any of the following apply to someone you know? Always rushing - lost sense of humour - unable to make decisions and stick to them - impatient - forgetful - tense - irritable - nagging - always critical of others or self - hate sitting doing nothing - doesn't really listen to other people because his/her mind is spinning with his/her own preoccupations....

Really? Fancy that! There's a lot of it about these days, isn't there? One junior doctor is currently suing Camden and Islington Health Authority in the High Court because he claims that …
Eventration of the Hemidiaphragm Causing Confusing Hepatobiliary Scintigraphic Findings
Authors: BUDDHIWARDHAN OJHA, LUVENIA W. BENDER, JOHNNY W. SCOTT
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2002)

OJHA, BUDDHIWARDHAN M.D., M.P.H.; BENDER, LUVENIA W. M.D.; SCOTT, JOHNNY W. M.D., Ph.D. Author Information
Interferon γ Derived from CD4+ T Cells Is Sufficient to Mediate T Helper Cell Type 1 Development
Authors: Adil E. Wakil, Zhi-En Wang, James C. Ryan, Deborah J. Fowell, Richard M. Locksley
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1998)

Interferon γ (IFN-γ) has been implicated in T helper type 1 (Th1) cell development through its ability to optimize interleukin 12 (IL-12) production from macrophages and IL-12 receptor expression on activated T cells. Various systems have suggested a role for IFN-γ derived from the innate immune system, particularly natural killer (NK) cells, in mediating Th1 differentiation in vivo. We tested this requirement by reconstituting T cell and IFN-γ doubly deficient mice with wild-type CD4+ T cells and challenging the mice with pathogens that elicited either minimal or robust IL-12 in vivo (Leishmania major or Listeria monocytogenes, respectively). Th1 cells developed under both conditions, and this was unaffected by the presence or absence of IFN-γ in non-T cells. Reconstitution with IFN-γ–deficient CD4+ T cells could not reestablish control over L. major, even in the presence of IFN-γ from the NK compartment. These data demonstrate that activated T cells can maintain responsiveness to IL-12 through elaboration of endogenous IFN-γ without requirement for an exogenous source of this cytokine.
Psoriasis treatment and management - a systematic review of full economic evaluations
Authors: M.P. Hamilton, D. Ntais, C.E.M. Griffiths, L.M. Davies
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Psoriasis frequently requires lifetime control and current therapies vary significantly in price. High-quality economic evaluations are necessary to determine if higher-cost treatments are value for money.This review aims to identify the cost-effectiveness of psoriasis care (whether more expensive interventions are associated with savings in health care and psoriasis management and/or improve patients' health); assess the level of uncertainty and transferability of this evidence to policy and practice; and, identify future research needs.Searches of electronic databases Embase, MEDLINE and NHS EED for full economic evaluations were conducted in January 2012 (updated April 2014). Included articles were screened, selected and critically appraised using predefined inclusion criteria and data extraction forms: 1355 articles were identified; 37 papers reporting 71 comparisons met the inclusion criteria. Treatments evaluated were systemic (n = 45), topical (n = 22), phototherapies (n = 14) and combination (n = 4).Despite a significant number of recent economic evaluations, the cost-effectiveness of all therapies remains unclear. This uncertainty arises from a diversity in settings, perspective and design. Economic evaluations were constrained by limited availability of high-quality short- and long-term head-to-head comparisons of the effectiveness, safety and adherence of different interventions.The economic evidence is dominated by comparisons of interventions to placebo, with implicit comparisons of different therapies. There is a lack of evaluations of service model innovations to deliver complex packages of care for psoriasis. Primary and secondary integrated clinical and economic research is needed to address the limitations and to identify patient preferences and barriers/facilitators to treatment.
Minicircle-IFNγ Induces Antiproliferative and Antitumoral Effects in Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Jiangxue Wu, Xia Xiao, Peng Zhao, Gang Xue, Yinghui Zhu, Xiaofeng Zhu, Limin Zheng, Yixin Zeng, Wenlin Huang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: The aims of this work were to investigate the antitumor effect of IFNγ gene transfer on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to assess the potential of minicircle vector for antitumor gene therapy. Experimental Design: We developed a recombinant minicircle vector carrying the human IFNγ gene and evaluated the effects of minicircle-mediated IFNγ gene transfer on NPC cell lines in vitro and on xenografts in vivo. Results: Relative to p2ΦC31-IFNγ, minicircle-mediated IFNγ gene transfer in vitro resulted in 19- to 102-fold greater IFNγ expression levels in transfected cells (293, NIH 3T3, CNE-1, CNE-2, and C666-1) and inhibited the growth of CNE-1, CNE-2, and C666-1 cells more efficiently, reducing relative growth rates to 7.1 ± 1.6%, 2.7 ± 1.0%, and 6.1 ± 1.6%, respectively. Flow cytometry and caspase-3 activity assays suggested that the antiproliferative effects of IFNγ gene transfer on NPC cell lines could be attributed to G0-G1 arrest and apoptosis. Minicircle-mediated intratumoral IFNγ expression in vivo was 11 to 14 times higher than p2ΦC31-IFNγ in CNE-2- and C666-1-xenografted mice and lasted for 21 days. Compared with p2ΦC31-IFNγ treatment, minicircle-IFNγ treatment significantly increased survival and achieved inhibition rates of 77.5% and 83%, respectively. Conclusions: Our data indicate that IFNγ gene transfer exerts antiproliferative effects on NPC cells in vitro and leads to a profound antitumor effect in vivo. Minicircle-IFNγ is more efficient than corresponding conventional plasmids due to its capability of mediating long-lasting high levels of IFNγ gene expression. Therefore, minicircle-mediated IFNγ gene transfer is a promising novel approach in the treatment of NPC.
The Influence of Social Factors on the Response to Stress
Authors: Seymour Levine
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1993)

The studies described in this paper provide evidence for the importance of social factors in determining the response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (H-P-A) system to stress. The presence of familiar social partners can reduce or eliminate the cortisol response to either loss of a significant social relationship or to fear inducing stimulus. In contrast, disruptions of ongoing social behavior can be a potent activator of the H-P-A axis. Social isolation, the formation of new social groups of unfamiliar monkeys, and disruption of social behavior under conditions of high demand food seeking, all result in elevations of circulating cortisol. Of importance is that these elevation persist for protracted periods of time and represents an animal model of chronic stress.
Dequalinium in Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: W. J. H. Graham, A. P. Grant
Journal: BMJ (1959)

A clinical comparison is presented of the use of an opium derivative, codeine, and an antispasmodic, tricyclamol, in the treatment of chronic non-specific diarrhoea.The antispasmodic failed to control the symptoms and in a number of subjects exaggerated them.Codeine is an effective symptomatic remedy for chronic non-specific diarrhoea.We are grateful to Dr. F. Avery Jones for helpful advice in preparing this paper.
A breathtaking feat
Authors: Sebastian E. Winter, Andreas J. Bäumler
Journal: Gut Microbes (2011)

Salmonella is a common cause of food poisoning. However, after ingestion the pathogen has to compete with resident microbes that already occupy the intestinal lumen (microbiota), which poses a challenge for Salmonella to successfully colonize this niche. Recent data show that Salmonella elicits help from the host immune response to beat the competition. After arriving in the intestine, Salmonella elicits acute intestinal inflammation. The respiratory burst of neutrophils that transmigrate into the intestinal lumen during inflammation oxidizes endogenous sulfur compounds to generate a respiratory electron acceptor, tetrathionate. As a result, Salmonella can use tetrathionate respiration to outgrow the fermenting microbiota in the anaerobic environment of the gut, which promotes transmission of the pathogen. This principle might be used by other gut microbes and contribute to changes in the microbiota composition observed during inflammation.
Buprenorphine Implants and Opioid Dependence
Authors: Darius A. Rastegar
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Role of general practitioners in the care of disabled young adults.
Authors: F S Brimblecombe, D L Kuh, C J Lawrence, R C Smith
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Services for handicapped children end when these patients become young adults. In the Exeter Health Authority district 383 disabled young adults were interviewed about their unmet needs. Many wished for advice and counselling. A quarter had not visited their general practitioner in the previous year, and two thirds of these had not had a general assessment or seen a specialist.
THE MEDICAL SOCIETY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.
Authors: C. Sutherland
Journal: JAMA (1893)

The President,Dr. L. S. Pilcher, in his address delivered at the annual meeting in Albany, February 7, referred to the American Medical Association as follows: <h3>The American Medical Association and State Representation.</h3> —I have the pleasure of presenting to this Society at this time a communication from Dr. William B. Atkinson, Permanent Secretary of the American Medical Association, transmitting a resolution adopted by that Association at its session held in Detroit, June, 1892, appointing a committee of five, instructed to meet a like committee from the State Medical Society of New York, and the State Medical Association of New York, for the purpose of adjusting all questions of eligibility of members of the State Medical Society of New York to membership in that Association, and notifying this Society that the committee had been appointed, consisting of Drs. N. S. Davis, of Illinois; John H. Rauch, of Illinois; William T.