tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Timing of postmenopausal estrogen for optimal bone mineral density. The Rancho Bernardo Study
Authors: D. L. Schneider
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To determine the effect of the timing of initiation and the duration of postmenopausal estrogen therapy on bone mineral density (BMD).Cross-sectional study.White, middle-class to upper middle-class community-dwelling women.A total of 740 women aged 60 to 98 years who participated in a study of osteoporosis.Questionnaire, validated medication use, and height and weight. Bone mineral density at the ultradistal radius and midshaft radius using single-photon absorptiometry (SPA) and at the hip and lumbar spine using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).Of the 740 women, 69% had used oral estrogen after menopause and 30% were current users. Five groups of estrogen use were identified: never users, past users who started at menopause, past users who started after age 60 years, current users who started after age 60 years, and current users who started at menopause. At all 4 bone sites, current users who started at menopause had the highest BMD levels, which were significantly higher than never users or past users who started at menopause (with 10 years' duration of use). These differences persisted after controlling for all major risk factors for osteoporosis. Among current users, there was no significant difference in BMD levels at any site between those who started estrogen at menopause (with 20 years of use) and those who started after age 60 years (with 9 years of use).Estrogen initiated in the menopausal period and continued into late life is associated with the highest bone density. Nevertheless, estrogen begun after age 60 years and continued appears to offer nearly equal bone-conserving benefit.
Efalizumab: results of a 3-year continuous dosing study for the long-term control of psoriasis
Authors: C. Leonardi, A. Menter, T. Hamilton, I. Caro, B. Xing, A.B. Gottlieb
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Efalizumab, a T-cell-targeted, recombinant, humanized, monoclonal IgG1 antibody, inhibits key T-cell-mediated steps in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Efalizumab is approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis in adults in more than 50 countries.To evaluate the efficacy and safety of long-term, continuous efalizumab therapy in patients with psoriasis.This open-label, multicentre phase III study enrolled 339 patients with moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis. During the initial 3-month phase, patients received subcutaneous efalizumab 2 mg kg(-1) weekly with randomization to receive concomitant fluocinolone acetonide or placebo ointment during month 3. The second phase was a long-term observational period; patients achieving a >or=50% improvement in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score were eligible to receive efalizumab 1 mg kg(-1) weekly for up to 33 months. The final 3-month treatment period was an optional transition period for patients who completed the 33-month segment before efalizumab became commercially available.After 3 months, 41.3% of patients achieved a >or=75% improvement in PASI (PASI-75) and 13.0% achieved a >or=90% improvement (PASI-90). Continued improvement was observed: 45.4% and 24.5% achieved PASI-75 and PASI-90, respectively, at the end of the observational phase. The safety profile was stable, with no new or no increase in common events over 36 months of treatment.This was the longest continuous study using a biologic therapy for psoriasis. Clinical benefit of efalizumab improved over the first 18 months and was maintained during 36 months of continuous therapy. Long-term efalizumab therapy is appropriate for many patients with plaque psoriasis.
A Defective Beta-Cell Glucose Sensor as a Cause of Diabetes
Authors: Gordon C. Weir
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is characterized by insulin resistance and abnormal beta-cell function. The underlying cause is probably the combined effects of a Western lifestyle (corpulence and sedentary behavior) and as-yet-unidentified susceptibility genes1. However, in an unusual form of NIDDM, known as maturity-onset diabetes of the young, insulin resistance is usually not present, raising the likelihood that deficient insulin production is the culprit. Within the past year, as part of the search for candidate genes in NIDDM -- discussed only two months ago in the Journal2 -- mutations of glucokinase, the putative glucose sensor of the beta cell, have . . .
A re-evaluation of antibiotic sterilisation of heart valve allografts.
Authors: W H Wain, H M Pearce, R W Riddell, D N Ross
Journal: Thorax (1977)

Six different mixtures of antibiotics used for treating heart valve allografts at the National Heart Hospital have been compared and the formulation of the medium in current use is described. The abilities of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and of fungi with low sensitivities to antifungal agents, to survive treatment are also described. These abilities emphasise the need for routine microbiological screening of every valve.
A Racial Difference in Incidence of Lactase Deficiency
Authors: Theodore M. Bayless, Norton S. Rosensweig
Journal: JAMA (1966)

An incidence survey of milk intolerance and lactase deficiency was conducted in 40 healthy nonpatient volunteers. There were 20 Negroes and 20 whites. Nineteen of the 20 Negro subjects and two of the 20 white subjects gave a history of milk intolerance. The majority had noted the onset during or after adolescence. Lactose intolerance occurred in 20 of the 21 milk-intolerant subjects; 18 of the 20 were Negro. There was also a prominent racial difference in the incidence of low levels of intestinal lactase activity. Deficient levels were observed in 70% of the 20 Negroes in contrast to only one of 20 whites. These data strongly favor a genetic etiology for the isolated lactase deficiencies seen so commonly in adults.
Defining a role for the homeoprotein Six1 in EMT and mammary tumorigenesis
Authors: Derek C. Radisky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Homeobox (Hox) genes encode transcription factors that act as critical regulators of growth and differentiation during embryogenesis. While many studies have identified increased expression of Hox genes in tumors, much less is known about the mechanistic basis by which Hox genes facilitate tumor development. In this issue of the JCI, McCoy and colleagues show that transgenic mice that express the homeoprotein Six1 in mammary epithelial cells show increases in stem/progenitor cell populations and subsequent tumor development, while in a separate study Micalizzi and colleagues show that overexpression of Six1 facilitates breast cancer cell metastasis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) (see the related articles beginning on pages 2663 and 2678, respectively). Their findings implicate Six1 as a central mediator of breast cancer development.
Bee Sting Dysphagia
Authors: Macy I. Levine
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters1 June 1999Bee Sting DysphagiaMacy I. Levine, MDMacy I. Levine, MDUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (Levine)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-11-199906010-00010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I read with interest Shah and Tsang's letter on bee sting dysphagia (1). I suggest that more appropriate treatment would have been subcutaneous administration of epinephrine, followed by diphenhydramine given intramuscularly at first and then by mouth until symptoms have resolved.Steroid therapy is commonly used in this type of situation, but there is serious question as to whether it does any good for the acute situation: It takes several hours for the steroid to manifest benefit. A mild reaction of this type often improves without any medication.Reference1. Shah D, Tsang T. Bee sting dysphagia [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1998;129:253. LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (Levine) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoBee Sting Dysphagia Dhiren Shah and Tat-Kin Tsang Functional Somatic Syndromes Arthur J. Barsky and Jonathan F. Borus Evaluating Novel Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Can We Better Predict Heart Attacks? Paul M. Ridker Metrics 1 June 1999Volume 130, Issue 11Page: 943KeywordsBeesDysphagiaEpinephrineMouthSteroid therapy Issue Published: 1 June 1999 CopyrightCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Mice lacking both subunits of lysosomal β–hexosaminidase display gangliosidosis and mucopolysaccharidosis
Authors: Kazunori Sango, Michael P. McDonald, Jacqueline N. Crawley, Michelle L. Mack, Cynthia J. Tifft, Elisa Skop, Christopher M. Starr, Alexander Hoffmann, Konrad Sandhoff, Kinuko Suzuki, Richard L. Proia
Journal: Nature Genetics (1996)
IgG antibodies against microorganisms and atopic disease in Danish adults: The Copenhagen Allergy Study
Authors: Allan Linneberg, Christian Østergaard, Michael Tvede, Leif Pervical Andersen, Niels Henrik Nielsen, Flemming Madsen, Lars Frølund, Asger Dirksen, Torben Jørgensen
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
Mishandling Misconduct: The NSABP Lumpectomy Trial
Authors: Harvey J. Lerner
Journal: JAMA (1994)

To the Editor.  —In his Editorial, 1 Dr Rennie apologizes for publishing the study by Dr Lee-Feldstein and colleagues 2 and the Editorial by Dr Baue. 3 He cites their references to the landmark National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABBP, shortened in this instance to NSABP) studies revealing that survival among patients treated by breast-conserving surgery was equivalent to that following mastectomy. Surprisingly, he does not emphasize that Lee-Feldstein's study confirms the NSABP findings. And Baue's Editorial, which also supports this view, contains other information and references aside from that of the NSABP. Rennie bemusedly implies that the inaccessibility of the NSABP reanalysis detracts from the conclusions of the data. He asserts with great vigor that the failure to publish an NSABP reanalysis is appalling and tragic because of this, and more importantly, it bears directly on the treatment of women with cancer and deceives patients and their
Epilepsy in childhood: findings from the National Child Development Study.
Authors: E M Ross, C S Peckham, P B West, N R Butler
Journal: BMJ (1980)

By the age of 11 years 1043 children (6.7%) in an unselected national sample had a history of seizures or other episodes of loss of consciousness; 322 (20.8/1000) had a history of febrile convulsions without other epileptic problems. A clear-cut diagnosis of non-febrile epilepsy was established in 64 children (4.1/1000) by the age of 11 on the basis of confirmatory information supplied by family doctors and paediatricians. A further 39 (2.6/1000) were reported as having epilepsy but did not fulfil the study criteria. The progress of 59 of the 64 children with estabished epilepsy was reviewed again when they were aged 16. Of the 37 educated in normal schools eight (22%) had one or more seizures in their 16th year compared with 13 out of 22 (59%) who received special education. A possible cause for epilepsy was found in 17 of the 64 (27%) children, but for the majority there was no obvious reason.
Synergistic induction of cancer-related immunosuppression by β2-adrenergic stress mediators and P38MAPK inflammatory pathway
Authors: Ravikumar Muthuswamy, Frank Jenkins, Dana Bovbjerg, Pawel Kalinski
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Psychological stress has been implicated in promoting cancer recurrence and progression, but the magnitude of this effect and underlying mechanism remain unclear. In attempt to address this controversy, we have evaluated the impact of stress on molecular and cellular components of
Abstract 4699A: Hedgehog signaling (HH/Gli) transcriptionally regulates hTERT gene expression in human cancer cells
Authors: Tapati Mazumdar, Jennifer DeVecchio, Akwasi Agyeman, Ting Shi, Janet A. Houghton
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Tightly coordinated Hedgehog (HH) signaling is critical during normal embryonic development. Aberrant HH signaling is involved in driving cell proliferation in multiple human cancers. Classical HH signaling involves the interaction of the soluble HH ligands with their receptor, Patched (Ptch), thereby releasing a transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo) from Ptch-mediated inhibition. Smo then activates the Gli family of transcription factors that regulate HH target genes. We have previously reported that HH signaling provides essential survival support to human colon cancer cells and inhibition of this signal induces DNA damage and extensive cell death. However the downstream targets that govern the regulation of cell survival by HH/Gli in cancer cells are not completely defined. This study demonstrates that the Gli proteins transcriptionally regulate the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene in human cancer cells. hTERT is a known regulator of telomere homeostasis, which determines the replicative potential and hence the life span of cells. Suppression of both Gli1 and Gli2 functions by exogenous expression of a C-terminus truncated Gli3 repressor mutant (Gli3R), or by GANT61, a pharmacological inhibitor of Gli1 and Gli2 activity, reduced hTERT protein expression over a period of 72 hr in human colon, prostate and brain cancer cell lines. Further, exogenously expressed Gli2 significantly increased hTERT protein expression in human colon cancer cell lines. Exposure to GANT61 also inhibited hTERT mRNA expression within 24 hr in human colon cancer cell lines. Insilico analysis of the hTERT promoter revealed 7 putative Gli binding sites suggesting a transcriptional mode of regulation of hTERT expression by Gli2. Chromatin immunoprecipitation with Gli2 antibody precipitated fragments of the hTERT promoter in human colon cancer cell lines, indicating a direct interaction between Gli2 and the hTERT promoter. The binding between Gli2 and hTERT promoter was significantly reduced upon exposure to GANT61. Further, overexpression of the wild type hTERT cDNA in cancer cells prevented the cytotoxic effects of blocking the HH signaling pathway with GANT61. These findings demonstrate hTERT to be a direct transcriptional target and a critical mediator of the HH/Gli signaling pathway, and identify a previously unknown role of the HH/Gli axis in regulating the replication potential of cancer cells. These findings are of significance in understanding important regulatory mechanisms that determine the role of HH/Gli signaling in cancer cell survival. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4699A. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4699A
Monilial Cystitis—Effective Treatment with Instillations of Amphotericin B
Authors: Howard J. Goldman
Journal: JAMA (1960)

Urinary-tract moniliasis consequent to broad-spectrum-antibiotic therapy has been occurring with increasing frequency. Two cases of chronic monilial cystitis, confirmed by fungus colony counts, were treated with bladder instillations of amphotericin B with dramatic clinical response. Fifteen milligrams of amphotericin B was instilled into the bladder once daily. Clinical improvement occurred after a few instillations. The diagnosis must be confirmed by serial dilution cultures, as most ordinary positive cultures will be due to contaminant growth. The presence of over 1,000 fungus colonies per milliliter of urine indicates significant clinical infection. This entity is not common but should be considered in all cases of obscure urinary-tract infection that are unresponsive to usual therapy.
Abstract P1-01-28: Utility of 18F-Fluoro-Deoxyglucose Emisión Tomography/Computed and Sentinel Node Biopsy for Axillary Staging in Primary Breast Cancer. Roffo PET/CT 1 Trial
Authors: CM Noblia, CE Cresta Morgado, ME Azar, G Bruno, C Gonzalez, P Parma, EG Gonzalez, E Armanasco, D Montoya, JM Ipiña, C Zarlenga, S. Gorostidi
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Objetive 1. - To compare the capacity of the PET and the sentinel node for the detection of axillary metastasis (MTS). 2. - To evaluate sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of the PET/CT. Inclusion criteria-Breast cancer T1 T2 NO. Palpable nodes suspicious of involvement. Exclusion criteria-Ductal carcinoma in situ, inflammatory carcinoma, recent biopsy of the breast, pregnancy or lactation, diabetes. Method 18-FDG PET/CT was made 15 days before the surgery. The sentinel node biopsy took place with the combined method (radioisotopes and patent blue) Material They were evaluated 54 patients. Age average: 59 years (37-79). T1: 36 patients (67%); T2: 18 patients (33%) Tumor size between 5 and 40 mm (average 19) clinically negative axilla 46 (85%); doubtful axilla 8 (15%). Stage I: 33 patients (61%); stage II: 21 patients (39%). Results Forty four (81%) of the tumors were invasive ductal carcinoma: 7 (13%) invasive lobular carcinoma; and 3 (6%) ductolobular. Fifteen patients had MTS in the SN (28%), of these 3 were micrometastasis. In 2 patients the PET/CT changed the stage since it was positive for bony and pulmonary MTS. Results PET in breast: Eleven negatives (FN: 20%). Four were invasive lobular carcinomas; 4 were T1a. Sensitivity 80%. VPP = 100%. False negative: 20%Result PET in axila: In 45 patients the PET was negative (83%). Six of them presented MTS in the sentinel node; 3 of them were micrometastasis. False negative: 40%. Sensitivity: 60%.VPN 87%. In 9 patients the PET were positive (17%) and the sentinel node was positive in all the cases. Specifity: 100%. VPP = 100%. In 8 patients the axilla was doubtful, of these only in one patient PET and the SN was positive. Conclusion 1.-PET/CT does not contribute advantages for the axillary staging in the initial stage because it does not manage to identify smaller MTS of 5 mm. 2.- A negative PET/CT does not replace the sentinel node biopsy. 3.- A positive PET/CT would indicate the necessity of making an axillary dissection still in clinically negative axilla. 4- In clinically doubtful axilla was coincidence between PET/CT and the SN as much in the negatives as in the positives. Key words: Occult axillary metastases. Positron emission tomography. Sentinel node biopsy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-01-28.
THE TEACHING OF FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY IN LAW SCHOOLS, MEDICAL SCHOOLS AND PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCIES IN THE UNITED STATES
Authors: NORMAN I. BARR, JOHN M. SUAREZ
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1965)

A questionnaire study on the teaching of forensic psychiatry in law schools, medical schools and psychiatric residency programs in the United States is reported. Data obtained from 81 percent of the approved law schools and 86 percent of the university medical centers reveal that the trend toward inclusion of this subject in the law school curriculum is increasing rapidly, though few schools have extensive programs as yet. In medical schools and psychiatric residencies there has been little change recently. Some of the more developed programs are presented and certain promising trends are mentioned. In the discussion, the role of the psychiatrist as educator to the legal process is explored.
Severe neutrophil depletion by leucocyte filters or cytotoxic drug does not improve recovery of contractile function in stunned porcine myocardium
Authors: C. F Juneau, B. R Ito, U. d. Balzo, R. L Engler
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Objective: The contribution of neutrophils to myocardial injury during stunning remains controversial because of conflicting results in neutropenic animals. The goal of this study was to compare the recovery of function in stunned myocardium using two distinct methods for inducing neutropenia in pigs. Methods: Three groups of pigs were studied: control (n=6), and made neutropenic by either Leukopak™ blood filters (n=7), or cyclophosphamide (n=7, 50 mg·kg−1 intravenously 4 d prior to study). In anaesthetised open chest pigs, with the heart paced at 110 beats·min−1, the left anterior descending coronary artery was perfused with an extracorporeal circuit at controlled coronary pressure (CP) and the regional coronary blood flow was measured. Systolic wall thickening was determined by sonomicrometry in the left anterior descending and circumflex coronary artery regions. The protocol consisted of 15 min of low flow ischaemia (CP=40 mm Hg), followed by a staged reperfusion over 10 min back to baseline (CP=90 mm Hg), and continued for 2 h. Blood filtration was initiated prior to ischaemia and stopped after 90 min reperfusion. Results: In both treated groups during ischaemia and the initial 60 min of reperfusion the neutrophil count was severely depleted to <5% compared to the control group. Aortic pressure, coronary blood flow during ischaemia, area at risk, and systolic wall thickening in the circumflex region were similar between groups. Recovery of systolic wall thickening in the left anterior descending region after reperfusion was equivalent in all three groups. In the filter group, arrhythmias during ischaemia and reperfusion were significantly less. Conclusion: As assessed in the pig model of myocardial stunning and using two different methods, severe neutropenia does not reduce the depression of contractile function. Cardiovascular Research 1993;27:720-727
Patient Migration to Small Towns
Authors: Barbara Hoskins
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  We were most interested in the article Migration of Urbanites to Small Towns for Medical Care (227:770, 1974).  In 1971, we surveyed all physicians licensed to practice in Missouri. One of our questions concerned the percentage of professional time spent in various activities: general or family practice, internal medicine or medical subspeciality, psychiatry, pediatrics, and other activities. These data enabled us to compute the number of full-time equivalent physicians providing various types of care.  We found that nonmetropolitan  of Missouri had a significantly higher rate of general or family practitioners per 10,000 population (4.0) than did  regions (2.3). This would tend to substantiate the hypothesis that primary medical services might be more available outside of the urban centers. If we combine general or family practice with internal medicine, general surgery, obstetrics-gynecology, and pediatrics, the metropolitan regions, in Missouri at least, have a higher rate than
The Myth of Otomycosis
Authors: Frederick A. J. Kingery
Journal: JAMA (1965)

INFECTIONS of the ear with pathogenic fungi have something in common with the snakes of Ireland; there are none. Otomycosis is a misleading designation for a collection of skin diseases of the external ear which include psoriasis, contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and infectious eczematoid dermatitis. The external auditory canal is a unique cul-de-sac lined by squamous epithelium. This pocket provides an ideal substrate for the growth of various saprophytic fungi which are incapable of producing disease. The most common is<i>Asperigillus niger</i>, which can grow in such profusion that a pure culture is grossly visible in the ear canal. Such growth does not provoke an inflammatory response. The outer portion of the ear canal is lined by skin similar to that found in the scalp. It differs from scalp by having modified apocrine (ceruminous) glands, but it does have hair and sebaceous glands and is subject to diseases commonly seen