tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF INTRABRONCHIAL INSUFFLATION OF SOLUTIONS OF SOME INORGANIC SALTS
Authors: Martha Wollstein, S. J. Meltzer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1918)

Intrabronchial injections of isotonic as well as of hypotonic solutions of sodium chloride or even of distilled water cause no pulmonary lesions. Intrabronchial injections of mercuric chloride even in a dilution of 1:10,000 cause a marked pulmonary lesion. The lesion is not of an inflammatory character; it consists of congestion, formation of thrombi, and hemorrhage. Intrabronchial injections of hypertonic solutions of sodium chloride as well as of sodium sulfate cause, in most instances, no lesions whatsoever. In a smaller number of cases in which moderate lesions were present they may have been due either to a previous infection (distemper) or to some predisposing cause (winter months). Intrabronchial injection of magnesium salts apparently tends to cause moderate pulmonary lesions (bronchopneumonia). This seems especially true of magnesium sulfate.
Vitamin D status in hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: G. Kelly, C.M. Sweeney, R. Fitzgerald, M.P. O'Keane, M. Kilbane, A. Lally, A.M. Tobin, M.J. McKenna, B. Kirby
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article Vitamin D status in hidradenitis suppurativa Get access G. Kelly, G. Kelly Dermatology Research Group Education and Research Centre St. Vincent's University Hospital Elm Park Dublin 4 Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.M. Sweeney, C.M. Sweeney Dermatology Research Group Education and Research Centre St. Vincent's University Hospital Elm Park Dublin 4 Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. Fitzgerald, R. Fitzgerald Dermatology Department Adelaide and Meath Hospital Incorporating the National Children's Hospital Tallaght Dublin 24 Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.P. O'Keane, M.P. O'Keane Metabolism Laboratory St Vincent's University Hospital Elm Park Dublin 4 Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Kilbane, M. Kilbane Metabolism Laboratory St Vincent's University Hospital Elm Park Dublin 4 Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A. Lally, A. Lally Dermatology Research Group Education and Research Centre St. Vincent's University Hospital Elm Park Dublin 4 Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.M. Tobin, A.M. Tobin Dermatology Department Adelaide and Meath Hospital Incorporating the National Children's Hospital Tallaght Dublin 24 Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.J. McKenna, M.J. McKenna Metabolism Laboratory St Vincent's University Hospital Elm Park Dublin 4 Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Kirby B. Kirby Dermatology Research Group Education and Research Centre St. Vincent's University Hospital Elm Park Dublin 4 Ireland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 170, Issue 6, 1 June 2014, Pages 1379–1380, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.12900 Published: 01 June 2014
Observations of Diabetes Care in Long-Term Institutional Settings With Measures of Cognitive Function and Dependency
Authors: Alan J Sinclair, Imelda Allard, Antony Bayer
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To document the prevalence of known diabetes and quantity of diabetes care delivered in long-term institutional settings in South Glamorgan, Wales; to measure physical and mental performance of diabetic residents; and to ascertain the level of basic diabetes knowledge of both staff and diabetic residents. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A postal questionnaire survey was sent to 31 nursing or dual registered homes and 88 residential homes in South Wales to determine the prevalence of known diabetes. Medical examination and a semistructured interview of 109 diabetic and 106 age- and sex-matched nondiabetic residents was followed by assessment of dependency (Barthel Activities of Daily Living Scale [15]; Behavioral Rating Scale [16]) and cognitive performance (Mini-Mental State Exam [12]). RESULTS The prevalence of known diabetes was 7.2%. Forty percent of diabetic residents were taking long-acting sulfonylureas. Only half of the residents in both homes had regular blood glucose monitoring. Less than 1 in 10 diabetic residents were being followed in a hospital-based diabetic clinic. Diabetic residents had had more hospital admissions in the preceding year than nondiabetic control subjects, and their length of stay was double that of nondiabetic control subjects (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Health professional input was fragmented, with involvement of community nurses and dietitians being rare. Diabetic residents had significantly higher levels of arterial disease (P &amp;lt; 0.05), foot ulceration (P &amp;lt; 0.01), and dementia (P &amp;lt; 0.01), and more severe cognitive impairment and higher levels of dependency (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Knowledge of diabetes was poor among both diabetic and nondiabetic residents and care staff. CONCLUSIONS There is an important need for a reappraisal of diabetes care in institutional settings.
Government Examination of Thermometers.
Authors: Charles L. Minor
Journal: JAMA (1907)

ASHEVILLE, N. C. Feb. 25, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Some time ago I wrote of the unreliability of clinical thermometers sold in this country under the maker's certificate. I have recently investigated this matter further, and as in the diagnosis of certain diseases the accuracy of thermometers even to a few tenths of a degree is of importance, it seems to me that the matter should be brought before the pr fession. I have always used the thermometer of a well-known English maker, who for years supplied Kew certificates with his thermometers, but latterly took up the American custom of certifying his thermometers by his own standard thermometers. Becoming suspicious of the surprising perfection of the certificates given, I found on having them subjected to the government test at Washington, where all thermometers having more than 3/10 of a degree of error are rejected, that a large number were in
A CASE OF ACUTE ANEURYSM OF THE SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY, WITH RUPTURE
Authors: J. M. Cotterill, J. Miller
Journal: BMJ (1915)

9641 DICAL JOLUNAL, IQTJUPPPT191 the best planiis for the patient to start witlh a good liglht wooden leg wlich he can clhange for a metal one after he hias become thoroughly used to the artificial limb, and the
Abstract 1517: Detection of SMAD4, MAP2K4, RB1 and CDKN2A gene deletions in human tumor cells by multiplex qPCR
Authors: Cora Woo, Joyce Wilde, Sunali Patel
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Gene duplications and deletions are critical to understanding cancer biology. Deletion in SMAD4, MAP2K4, RB1 and CDKN2A genes are known to play important roles in certain types of cancer or cancer states. Characterization of such mutations in different tumor cells provide insight into the study of novel biomarkers of cancer susceptibility, initiation, progression and metastases and help identify them as risk factors for various types of cancer. We demonstrated a quantitative method to detect multiple gene deletions in human tumor cells by multiplex PCR. We designed four TaqMan® Copy Number Assays to interrogate common deletion mutations in SMAD4, MAP2K4, RB1 and CDKN2A genes and performed multiplex PCR alongside with endogenous controls on representative human tumor and normal cells in different tissues. Since the detection of multiple deletion targets were performed in one single reaction, we were able to profile multiple deletion mutations in one single sample. This method can potentially be applied to the study of Copy Number Variations (CNV) on biological samples with limited quantity such as FFPE samples, as well as enables the characterization of multiple targets on samples in exactly the same condition and state. Citation Format: Cora Woo, Joyce Wilde, Sunali Patel. Detection of SMAD4, MAP2K4, RB1 and CDKN2A gene deletions in human tumor cells by multiplex qPCR. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1517. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1517
Long-term immunity to hepatitis B infection after vaccination with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine
Authors: G BOLAND
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

Background: Two novel enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) (Abbott IMx CMV IgM 2.0, and Cobas Core CMV IgM EIA recomb, research version) which use recombinant antigens to detect cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific IgM antibodies were evaluated.Objectives: A new ELISA is normally evaluated against a gold standard commercial kit, which in this case does not exist. We therefore evaluated the two novel recombinant ELISA against four conventional ELISAs and a recently developed CMV IgM immunoblot containing four purified viral and four recombinant proteins.Study design: A total of 280 sera from pregnant women and 42 potentially cross-reactive sera were investigated using the six ELISAs, including 101 sera which were also tested using the new IgM immunoblot.Results: Relative sensitivity, relative specificity and overall agreement differed according to the reference assay. The Cobas Core CMV EIA recomb showed much higher agreement with the ELISA consensus, and the IMx CMV IgM 2.0 with the immunoblot.Conclusion: The evaluation of these new IgM assays in terms of their agreement with either commercial ELISA kits or the IgM immunoblot demonstrates that the question ‘which reference method?’ is still open. However the recombinant IgM assays may improve the diagnosis of CMV infection in pregnancy since the recombinant technology offers helpful tools for identifying diagnostically relevant proteins and allows the use of standardized pure preparations of antigens. For serological diagnosis of CMV infection in pregnancy two IgM assays that can be relied upon should be performed. IgM positive sera should be tested with supplementary assays to differentiate primary from non-primary infection.
SIMILARITIES AND DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN SHOCK AND THE EFFECTS OF HEMORRHAGE
Authors: VIRGIL H. MOON
Journal: JAMA (1941)

Clinical similarities between shock and the effects of hemorrhage are so numerous that some authorities have regarded the two as identical. It is believed by many that hemorrhage will produce the complete syndrome of shock—a belief which we formerly supported.<sup>1</sup>We supposed that anoxia in the tissues resulting from the effects of hemorrhage would cause endothelial permeability, hemoconcentration and other features characteristic of shock. Blalock<sup>2</sup>had reported such results, and these coincide with our belief as published; but attempts to substantiate that belief experimentally produced results which were not anticipated. We made the simple experiment of withdrawing measured amounts of blood from the femoral veins of an unanesthetized dog (no. 338) weighing 10 Kg., allowing intervals of time for physiologic readjustment of the circulation. Erythrocyte counts and hemoglobin determinations were made (by the photoelectric method) before and at intervals during the experiment. Examinations of the blood, including one
Cell Cycle–Dependent Ciliogenesis and Cancer
Authors: Olga V. Plotnikova, Erica A. Golemis, Elena N. Pugacheva
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract In mammals, most cell types have primary cilia, protruding structures involved in sensing mechanical and chemical signals from the extracellular environment that act as major communication hubs for signaling controlling cell differentiation and polarity. The list of clinical disorders associated with ciliary dysfunction has expanded from polycystic kidney disease to include many others. Transformed cells commonly lack cilia, but whether this lack is cause or consequence of transformation is not well understood. Here we discuss work addressing recently identified actions of the cancer-promoting proteins Aurora A and HEF1/NEDD9/CAS-L at cilia. Together with older studies, this work suggests that loss of cilia in cancer may contribute to the insensitivity of cancer cells to environmental repressive signals, based in part on derangement of cell cycle checkpoints governed by cilia and centrosomes. [Cancer Res 2008;68(7):2058–61]
Rearrangement in the Breakpoint Cluster Region and the Clinical Course in Philadelphia-Negative Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: RAZELLE KURZROCK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

We have followed one patient with Philadelphia (Ph)-negative chronic myelogenous leukemia and identified an additional four patients from the literature who showed the rearrangement in the breakpoint cluster region (bcr) on chromosome 22 characteristic of Ph-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia. The clinical course of these five patients was similar to that of Ph-positive patients, with easily controlled leukocyte counts, a prolonged benign phase, and prolonged survival. Furthermore, we have shown, for the first time, that bcr rearrangement in Ph-negative chronic myelogenous leukemia can result in expression of the aberrant 210-kilodalton bcr-abl fusion protein, which has been strongly implicated in Ph-positive leukemogenesis. Research data pertaining to possible cytogenetic mechanisms leading to production of p210bcr-abl in the absence of the Ph chromosome are reviewed. Molecular analysis provides an important tool for classifying and predicting prognosis of some patients with Ph-negative chronic myelogenous leukemia.
Office Helps Laboratories Pass the Test
Authors: Andrew Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1990)

THE CDC's Public Health Practice Program Office (PHPPO) has been providing scientific and technical assistance to help the Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) devise "reasonable" standards that, for the first time, may subject physician office laboratories to federal regulation. The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA '88) requires the HCFA to develop regulations for ensuring the quality of testing done in heretofore unregulated laboratories. As part of its mission to promote the development, implementation, and evaluation of national standards for laboratory practice, says division director Ronald Valdiserri, MD, MPH, the PHPPO's Division of Laboratory Systems must help the HCFA devise reasonable standards applicable to a wide variety of settings. CLIA '88 requires the HCFA to issue regulations based on the complexity of tests performed, exempting from regulation only laboratories that perform "simple" tests that will not harm a patient if done incorrectly. PHPPO deputy director Joyce D. K. Essien,
Gender differences in molecular remodeling in pressure overload hypertrophy
Authors: Ellen O Weinberg, Christiane D Thienelt, Sarah E Katz, Jozef Bartunek, Minori Tajima, Susanne Rohrbach, Pamela S Douglas, Beverly H Lorell
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1999)

OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to examine gender differences in left ventricular (LV) function and expression of cardiac genes in response to LV pressure overload due to ascending aortic stenosis in rats. BACKGROUND Clinical studies have documented gender differences in the pattern of adaptive LV hypertrophy. Whether these differences result from intrinsic differences in molecular adaptation to pressure overload between men and women, or are related to other factors is not known. METHODS Male (n = 8) and female (n = 8) Wistar rats underwent ascending aortic stenosis and were studied 6 weeks after banding with gender-matched control rats (male n = 7; female n = 7). The LV contractile reserve was examined in isolated hearts from each group. We compared LV messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), beta-myosin heavy chain, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+–adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and Na+–Ca2+exchanger. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to identify estrogen receptor transcript in cardiac myocytes and LV tissue. RESULTS The magnitude of LV hypertrophy (LVH) and systolic wall stress were similar in male and female animals with LVH. Male LVH hearts demonstrated a depressed contractile reserve; in contrast, contractile reserve was preserved in female LVH hearts. The expression of beta-myosin heavy chain and ANF mRNA was greater in male versus female LVH hearts. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase mRNA levels were depressed in male LVH but not in female LVH compared with control rats, and Na+–Ca2+exchanger mRNA levels were increased similarly in both male and female LVH hearts. Estrogen receptor transcript was detected in both adult male and female cardiac myocytes and LV tissue. CONCLUSIONS There are significant gender differences in the LV adaptation to pressure overload despite a similar degree of LVH and systolic wall stress in male and female rats. There is the potential for estrogen signaling through the adult myocyte estrogen receptor in both male and female rats to contribute to gender differences in gene expression in pathologic hypertrophy.
Renal and hormonal abnormalities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Authors: P. Palange
Journal: Thorax (1998)

Renal and hormonal abnormalities, usually manifested as oedema or hyponatraemia, are encountered frequently in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The exact incidence of clinically significant oedema and hyponatraemia has not been documented. In advanced disease some degree of oedema is observed in a large proportion of patients; the pattern of hyponatraemia parallels that of oedema, but with a lower frequency. In the past, oedema in patients with COPD has been attributed to “cor pulmonale with backward heart failure”—that is, pulmonary hypertension induced by hypoxia and by structural changes in pulmonary arteries, increased systemic venous pressure, and reduced cardiac output. The onset of oedema is a poor prognostic factor; Renzetti and coworkers1 reported a four year mortality rate of 73% in patients with cor pulmonale compared with 53% for the whole group. Whether this reflects the advanced stage of the disease, the indirect effect of chronic diuretic therapy, or some undetermined insult on the function of critical organs is unclear. What is clear is that oedema formation in COPD is not cardiac in origin: in most patients, even when they are frankly oedematous, cardiac output is adequate for the body’s metabolic demands2 3 unless there is significant co-existent cardiac disease.

In 1960 Campbell and Short4 pointed out that, in patients with COPD, oedema is almost invariably associated with carbon dioxide (CO2) retention. They concluded that, in hypoxaemic normocapnic patients with chronic diffuse lung disease such as pulmonary fibrosis, oedema is uncommon and, in this setting, transient worsening in blood gas tensions during exercise or sleep, for example, should be suspected and ruled out. Since then sodium (Na+) retention in COPD has been considered to be the result of electrochemical imbalance (enhanced renal tubular H+/Na+ exchange with attendant increase in Na+ …
Association of Neighborhood Characteristics with Bystander-Initiated CPR
Authors: Comilla Sasson, David J. Magid, Paul Chan, Elisabeth D. Root, Bryan F. McNally, Arthur L. Kellermann, Jason S. Haukoos
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2012)

For persons who have an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, the probability of receiving bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may be influenced by neighborhood characteristics.We analyzed surveillance data prospectively submitted from 29 U.S. sites to the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival between October 1, 2005, and December 31, 2009. The neighborhood in which each cardiac arrest occurred was determined from census-tract data. We classified neighborhoods as high-income or low-income on the basis of a median household income threshold of $40,000 and as white or black if more than 80% of the census tract was predominantly of one race. Neighborhoods without a predominant racial composition were classified as integrated. We analyzed the relationship between the median income and racial composition of a neighborhood and the performance of bystander-initiated CPR.Among 14,225 patients with cardiac arrest, bystander-initiated CPR was provided to 4068 (28.6%). As compared with patients who had a cardiac arrest in high-income white neighborhoods, those in low-income black neighborhoods were less likely to receive bystander-initiated CPR (odds ratio, 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41 to 0.58). The same was true of patients with cardiac arrest in neighborhoods characterized as low-income white (odds ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.82), low-income integrated (odds ratio, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.70), and high-income black (odds ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.86). The odds ratio for bystander-initiated CPR in high-income integrated neighborhoods (1.03; 95% CI, 0.64 to 1.65) was similar to that for high-income white neighborhoods.In a large cohort study, we found that patients who had an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in low-income black neighborhoods were less likely to receive bystander-initiated CPR than those in high-income white neighborhoods. (Funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and others.).
Extremely potent immunotherapeutic activity of a STING agonist in the B16 melanoma model in vivo
Authors: Leticia Corrales, Seng-Ryong Woo, Thomas F Gajewski
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts We previously have reported that innate immune sensing of tumors in vivo involves type I IFN production by dendritic cells (DCs), which in turn acts on CD8α+ DCs to promote endogenous cross-priming of CD8+ T cells in vivo. Recently, we have identified the cytosolic DNA sensing
Some Typical Patterns in the Behavior and Background of Adolescent Girls Who Attempt Suicide
Authors: ALBERT SCHRUT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

Adolescent girls who attempt suicide are often victims of chaotic, disrupted families, condemnation, and isolation. Rejection by a boyfriend, repeating the initial rejection by the family, often precedes the suicide attempt. A treatment outline involving the entire family is presented.