tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
High prevalence of anti‐prothrombin antibody in patients with deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Ken Ishikura, Hideo Wada, Yuko Kamikura, Kyouko Hattori, Toshiaki Fukuzawa, Norikazu Yamada, Masio Nakamura, Tsutomu Nobori, Takeshi Nakano
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract The present study was designed to determine the prevalence of lupus anticoagulant (LA) antibody and several antibodies for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT)/pulmonary embolism (PE) ( n = 48), cerebral thrombosis (CT, n = 30), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, n = 22), and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP, n = 30). The presence of antibodies was examined by using the respective ELISA kits. LA was positive in 38.6% of patients with DVT/PE, suggesting that LA is one of the most important risk factors in DVT/PE. The highest prevalence of anti‐β 2 glycoprotein I (β 2 GPI) IgG was in CT and SLE, followed by DVT, and none in ITP and healthy volunteers (control, n = 40), suggesting that it is related to thrombosis, particularly arterial thrombosis. The highest prevalence of anti‐prothrombin (aPT) IgG antibody was in DVT, followed by CT and SLE, and none in ITP and the control, suggesting that it is related to thrombosis, especially venous thrombosis. The highest prevalence of antiphospholipid (aPL) IgG was in DVT, CT, and SLE, but 0% in ITP and control. On the other hand, aPL IgM, anti‐annexin V IgG, and anti‐annexin V IgM were positive in patients both with and without thrombosis, suggesting that they are not related to thrombosis. Our results indicated that among the anti‐phospholipid antibodies, LA is the most sensitive marker for APS while anti‐β 2 GPI IgG, aPT IgG, and aPL IgG are risk factors for thrombosis. In particular, aPT IgG is a significant marker for DVT/PE. Am. J. Hematol. 76:338–342, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ethiopia plans to train extra 9000 doctors to fill gap left by migration
Authors: Henry Wasswa
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Ethiopia has set a target to increase the number of doctors practising in the country by 9000 in four years to fill an acute shortage of medical staff, government officials have said.

Ethiopia has just 1600 doctors serving a population of 83 million but needs a minimum of 8000, the government estimates.

“We face a very critical problem. We plan to train more doctors and increase their pay. It will be a massive training [of doctors] because we have a gap of over 80%,” said Mohammed Hussein, one of Ethiopia’s assistant health ministers, …
Effect of Home Testing of International Normalized Ratio on Clinical Events
Authors: David B Matchar, Alan Jacobson, Rowena Dolor, Robert Edson, Lauren Uyeda, Ciaran S Phibbs, Julia E Vertrees, Mei-Chiung Shih, Mark Holodniy, Philip Lavori
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Warfarin anticoagulation reduces thromboembolic complications in patients with atrial fibrillation or mechanical heart valves, but effective management is complex, and the international normalized ratio (INR) is often outside the target range. As compared with venous plasma testing, point-of-care INR measuring devices allow greater testing frequency and patient involvement and may improve clinical outcomes.We randomly assigned 2922 patients who were taking warfarin because of mechanical heart valves or atrial fibrillation and who were competent in the use of point-of-care INR devices to either weekly self-testing at home or monthly high-quality testing in a clinic. The primary end point was the time to a first major event (stroke, major bleeding episode, or death).The patients were followed for 2.0 to 4.75 years, for a total of 8730 patient-years of follow-up. The time to the first primary event was not significantly longer in the self-testing group than in the clinic-testing group (hazard ratio, 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.75 to 1.04; P=0.14). The two groups had similar rates of clinical outcomes except that the self-testing group reported more minor bleeding episodes. Over the entire follow-up period, the self-testing group had a small but significant improvement in the percentage of time during which the INR was within the target range (absolute difference between groups, 3.8 percentage points; P<0.001). At 2 years of follow-up, the self-testing group also had a small but significant improvement in patient satisfaction with anticoagulation therapy (P=0.002) and quality of life (P<0.001).As compared with monthly high-quality clinic testing, weekly self-testing did not delay the time to a first stroke, major bleeding episode, or death to the extent suggested by prior studies. These results do not support the superiority of self-testing over clinic testing in reducing the risk of stroke, major bleeding episode, and death among patients taking warfarin therapy. (Funded by the Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00032591.).
Effect of captopril on blood pressure and kidney function in normotensive insulin dependent diabetics with nephropathy.
Authors: H. H. Parving, E. Hommel, M. Damkjaer Nielsen, J. Giese
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE--To assess whether inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme protects kidney function in diabetic nephropathy. DESIGN--Open, randomised follow up study of normotensive insulin dependent diabetics with nephropathy either treated or not with captopril for one year. SETTING--Outpatient diabetic clinic in a tertiary referral centre. PATIENTS--32 Normotensive patients with insulin dependent diabetes complicated by nephropathy who were randomised either to the treatment group (n = 15) or to the control group (n = 17). INTERVENTIONS--The treatment group was given captopril (25-100 mg/day) for 12 months, the average dose during the second six months of the study being 40 mg daily. Controls were not treated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Albuminuria, arterial blood pressure, and the glomerular filtration rate. RESULTS--Mean arterial blood pressure fell by 3 (SE 2) mm Hg in the captopril treated group and rose by 6 (1) mm Hg in the controls. In addition, albuminuria declined by 11% in the captopril treated group and rose by 55% in the controls, fractional albumin clearance fell by 17% in the captopril treated group and increased by 66% in the controls, and the glomerular filtration rate declined by 3.1 (2.8)ml/min/1.73 m2 with captopril and by 6.4 (3.1) ml/min/1.73 m2 in the controls. CONCLUSION--Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme arrests the progressive rise in albuminuria in normotensive insulin dependent diabetics with nephropathy.
ACC/AHA/SCAI/AMA–Convened PCPI/NCQA 2013 Performance Measures for Adults Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Brahmajee K. Nallamothu, Carl L. Tommaso, H. Vernon Anderson, Jeffrey L. Anderson, Joseph C. Cleveland, R. Adams Dudley, Peter Louis Duffy, David P. Faxon, Hitinder S. Gurm, Lawrence A. Hamilton, Neil C. Jensen, Richard A. Josephson, David J. Malenka, Calin V. Maniu, Kevin W. McCabe, James D. Mortimer, Manesh R. Patel, Stephen D. Persell, John S. Rumsfeld, Kendrick A. Shunk, Sidney C. Smith, Stephen J. Stanko, Brook Watts
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Combination therapy with lamivudine and famciclovir for chronic hepatitis B–infected Chinese patients: A viral dynamics study
Authors: George Ka Lau, Manuel Tsiang, Jinlin Hou, Siu-tsan Yuen, William F. Carman, Liang Zhang, Craig S. Gibbs, Shiu-kum Lam
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

In vitro studies have shown that lamivudine and penciclovir (the active metabolite of famciclovir) act synergistically to inhibit hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. We compared the effectiveness of HBV viral suppression by lamivudine monotherapy versus lamivudine plus famciclovir combination therapy in Chinese patients with chronic HBV infection. Twenty-one Chinese hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients, with detectable HBV DNA (Digene Hybrid Capture II), were randomized to receive either lamivudine 150 mg/d orally (group 1, 9 patients) or lamivudine 150 mg/d plus famciclovir 500 mg 3 times a day orally (group 2, 12 patients) for 12 weeks, with a follow-up period of at least 16 weeks. Serial serum HBV-DNA levels were determined and a mathematical model with provision for incomplete inhibition of virus production during therapy was applied to analyze the dynamics of viral clearance. The mean antiviral efficacy was significantly greater in group 2 than in group 1 (0.988 ± 0.012 vs. 0.94 ± 0.03, P = .0012). HBV DNA returned to pretreatment level within 16 weeks after the end of initial treatment in 4 patients (66.7%) in group 1 and none in group 2 ( P = .08), who remained HBeAg positive and received no further treatment after week 12. Hence, in Chinese chronic HBeAg-positive patients, combination therapy using lamivudine and famciclovir was superior to lamivudine monotherapy in inhibiting HBV replication. Further studies of longer duration are needed to define whether combination therapy will increase the HBeAg seroconversion rate and decrease the rate of emergence of lamivudine-resistant variants.
False-Positive Result of a Total-Body Scan Caused by Benign Thyroidal Tissue After I-131 Ablation
Authors: LEONARD R. COOVER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

This case report illustrates a false-positive result of an I-131 total-body scan caused by abnormal, noncancerous thyroid tissue. A 39-year-old woman underwent an open biopsy and thyroidectomy for a papillary thyroid carcinoma. She was treated by ablation with 150.8 mCi I-131. A follow-up total-body scan revealed a solitary focus of increased activity near the midline at the upper border of the larynx that was subsequently excised. Histologic analysis indicated a fragment of thyroid tissue with chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and squamous metaplasia. No evidence of thyroid carcinoma was present. Hypofunctioning or nonfunctioning residual tissue within the thyroglossal duct may have been suppressed under euthyroid conditions, protecting it from ablation. This tissue may have become stimulated by the high thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, accumulating I-131 and producing a false-positive result of the scan.
International mortality from bullous diseases since 1950
Authors: J.A. SAVIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1976)

Journal Article International mortality from bullous diseases since 1950 Get access J.A. SAVIN J.A. SAVIN Department of Dermatology, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh EH3 9YW Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 94, Issue 2, 1 February 1976, Pages 179–190, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb04368.x Published: 01 February 1976
Results of endomyocardial biopsy in patients with spontaneous ventricular tachycardia but without apparent structural heart disease.
Authors: J E Strain, R M Grose, S M Factor, J D Fisher
Journal: Circulation (1983)

To evaluate possible occult myocardial disease in 18 patients whose only major manifestation of heart disease was spontaneous ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation, right ventricular endomyocardial biopsies were performed. None of the patients had symptoms of ischemic or congestive heart disease, and at catheterization none had significant lesions of the coronary arteries or regional wall motion abnormalities of the left ventricle. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction (65 +/- 7%), mean right ventricular ejection fraction (55 +/- 9%), mean cardiac index (3.0 +/- 0.5 1/min/m2), mean right atrial pressure, mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and mean pulmonary artery systolic pressure were normal. However, right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy specimens were abnormal in 16 of 18 (89%) patients: nine (50%) had changes of a significant, although nonspecific, cardiomyopathy with myocellular hypertrophy, interstitial and perivascular fibrosis, and vascular sclerosis; three (17%) had subacute inflammatory myocarditis; two (11%) had diffuse abnormalities of the intramyocardial arteries; and two (11%) had pathologic changes consistent with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. In the two (11%) patients with normal biopsy specimens, one had Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and the other had mitral valve prolapse. Although histologic abnormalities were found in 89% of these patients, performance of right ventricular endomyocardial biopsies in this group of patients should be considered a research procedure. We conclude that the majority of patients who have serious ventricular arrhythmias but no apparent structural cardiac abnormalities have abnormal right ventricular biopsy specimens and that the arrhythmias may be the first manifestation of a variety of primary myocardial abnormalities.
Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Jane F. Desforges, Cynthia J. Rutherford, Anthony Piro
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

During the past two decades, new approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of Hodgkin's disease have contributed to improved rates of survival and probable cure. Currently, patients with Hodgkin's disease are treated according to the stage and symptoms of their disease. The degree of certainty necessary for determining stage depends on the potential effectiveness of the therapeutic options available in a given case. Certain cases have been identified where treatment with a single modality has been disappointing, and the use of both radiotherapy and chemotherapy may be considered for these. Such decisions can be made only by evaluating the effectiveness of salvage after relapse following single-modality treatment and assessing the added hazards of initial treatment with both modalities.
Exercise Echocardiography vs Exercise SPECT Testing
Authors: Christine Z. Dickinson, Howard J. Dworkin
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Spring brings breezes, wheezes, and pollen oxidases
Authors: D. R. Ritsick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2005)

While the release of pollen into the air is essential for the reproduction of plants, the accidental yet inevitable uptake of pollen into human airways can cause symptoms of seasonal allergies and asthma. The symptomatic response to pollen is caused by granulocytes that produce inflammation, which is due in part to oxidative stress through the action of NADPH oxidases. The recruitment of these inflammatory granulocytes was previously thought to depend entirely on the activation of an adaptive immune response. In this issue of the JCI, Boldogh et al. demonstrate that pollens contain endogenous NADPH oxidase activity, which functions to generate local “danger signals” in nearby airway epithelium. These signals in turn trigger the early recruitment of granulocytes, even in the absence of the adaptive immune response. These findings suggest that inhibition of the pollen oxidase may provide a way to antagonize allergic inflammation at a very early step.
Placement control by transabdominal ultrasound of duodenal feeding tubes: a feasible alternative for trials in a healthy volunteer study population
Authors: O. Goetze, M. Fried, C. Gubler
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

Research studies in healthy populations may require enteric applications to deliver test meals/pharmaceuticals or to obtain intestinal secretion products. Use of radiological methods for controlling tube position and for insertion is widely accepted for both patients and healthy volunteers. However, radiological methods remain controversial [1]. They carry radiation burden, which depends on the experience of the investigator and on anatomic conditions. Their use in healthy volunteers should therefore follow careful ethical consideration, and alternative methods should be sought if necessary. In critically ill patients, sonographically guided enteric feeding tube position placement at the bedside has already been successfully employed [2]. Hence, in this prospective study we investigated the use of ultrasonography to confirm correct intraduodenal tube placement on three occasions in 18 healthy volunteers (m/f 0.8; age (mean ± SD) 27.8 ± 5.4 years; BMI 22.27 ± 1.88 kg/m2 ), leading to a total of 54 tube insertions. After an overnight fast and ingestion of 180 mL water, a polyurethane enteric feeding tube (diameter 2.6 mm, length 120 cm) was blindly inserted in right decubitus position. The manoeuvre was performed under continuous aspiration of gastrointestinal juice. The required location of the tube was verified by bedside measurement of aspirated fluid pH (pH 6.9 ± 0.9). Transabdominal ultrasound (3.75-MHz Probe) visualized the enteral tube from the pylorus to the second part of the duodenum (mediolateral of the gallbladder and upper transverse section in front of the inferior vena cava), both in upright and supine positions (Figure [1]). Visual detection was enhanced by injection of 10 mL air followed by 10 mL saline (Figure [2]). In 98 % of all insertions the tube was localized in the second part of the duodenum by ultrasonography. We believe ultrasonography is a feasible alternative to radiological methods for monitoring postpyloric tube placement, and is preferable for studies in populations of healthy volunteers.
TREATMENT OF SCALP RINGWORM
Authors: G. B. Batten
Journal: BMJ (1932)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <i>Host defense peptides</i> (<i>HDPs</i>) are an important first line of defense with antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. Selection for increased body weight is suggested to be related to reduced immune response. We studied the relationships among body weight, age, and the <i>HDP</i> expression patterns in intestine and immune organs. We used chickens with marked differences of body sizes. The non-selected Daweishan mini chickens showed the highest indexes of immune organs and the lowest concentrations of the plasma immune parameters C3, C4, IgA, and IgY, while the commercial Avian broiler showed the opposite results. The Daweishan mini chickens showed the highest mRNA expressions of <i>HDP</i> genes in small intestine followed by the semi-selected Wuding chickens. Compared with local breeds, broiler chickens showed higher mRNA expression of <i>HDP</i> genes in spleen, thymus, and bursa. Body weight and <i>HDP</i> expression levels were negatively correlated in the intestine and positively in the immune organs. These results indicated that the <i>HDP</i> immune regulatory roles in small intestine acted as first line of defense in innate immunity in local breeds, and as an adaptive immunity in broiler chickens. Selection was associated with the expression profiles of <i>HDP</i> genes in a chicken, age, and organ-specific manner.
Long-term follow-up of patients with the antibiotic-sterilized aortic homograft valve inserted freehand in the aortic position.
Authors: B G Barratt-Boyes, A H Roche, R Subramanyan, J R Pemberton, R M Whitlock
Journal: Circulation (1987)

A series of 252 isolated aortic homograft valves in 248 patients have been followed for 9 to 16.5 years (mean 10.8). The valves were sterilized in antibiotic solution and stored in a nutrient medium at 4 degrees C and were nonvital. There were 15 in-hospital deaths (6%) and a mortality of 2.7% in patients undergoing an elective first operation. Actuarial survival with the study valve in situ was 57% at 10 years and 38% at 14 years. Only 8.4% of the patients died late from homograft valve failure, chiefly because of failure to refer patients with endocarditis for reoperation or because reoperation was refused in elderly, frail subjects. Incompetence was the sole cause of valve failure and was due either to valve wear or endocarditis. Significant incompetence required reoperation. On actuarial analysis, freedom from significant incompetence for the entire group was 95% at 5 years, 78% at 10 years, and 42% at 14 years. Factors increasing the risk of significant incompetence due to valve wear on multivariate analysis were increasing donor valve age (greater than or equal to 55 years), recipient age (less than 15 years), and an aortic root diameter over 30 mm. Analysis of the patient group that excluded each of these variables (low-risk group), which comprised 61% of the study population, indicated freedom from significant incompetence due to valve wear of 98% at 5 years, 94% at 9 years, and 56% at 13 years.
Near‐fatal uterine hemorrhage during induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia: A case report of bilateral uterine artery embolization
Authors: John T. Phelan, Jonathan Broder, Peter A. Kouides
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2004)

Abstract Severe transfusion‐dependent uterine hemorrhage is a relatively uncommon complication of induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Even less common is the failure of systemic conjugated estrogens in this setting. We report a case of life‐threatening uterine hemorrhage in a 38‐year‐old woman in the setting of transfusion‐refractory thrombocytopenia after completing induction chemotherapy for AML. She experienced dramatic breakthrough uterine hemorrhage despite multiple platelet transfusions, conjugated estrogens, recombinant factor VIIa, ϵ‐aminocaproic acid, and intracavitary thrombin‐soaked gauze tamponade. At the point of near‐exsanguination in the setting of hypotension, hematocrit of 14%, and a platelet count of 3,000/μL, she underwent bilateral uterine artery embolization which proved immediately successful. We review the literature and indications for this procedure in the oncologic patient care setting. Am. J. Hematol. 77:151–155, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss Inc. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.