tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region: case report
Authors: M. Chan-Yeung
Journal: BMJ (2003)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To describe the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong. <b>Design:</b> Descriptive case series. <b>Setting:</b> Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China <b>Results:</b> The outbreak started with a visitor from southern China on 21 February. At the hospitals where the first cases were treated the disease spread quickly among healthcare workers, and then out into the community as family members became infected. By 1 April, 685 cases had been reported with 16 deaths. Symptoms include high fever and one or more respiratory symptoms (including cough, shortness of breath, and difficulty breathing). Changes in lung tissue suggest that part of the lung damage is due to cytokines induced by the microbial agent, which has led to empirical treatment with corticosteroids, broad spectrum antiviral agent, and antibacterial cover. There is strong evidence that a novel coronavirus is the pathogen. Precautions for droplet infection should be instituted, including the wearing of masks and rigorous disinfection and hygiene procedures. On 27 March the Department of Health announced drastic measures, including vigorous contact tracing and examination, quarantine of contacts in their homes, and closure of all schools and universities. <b>Conclusion:</b> The rapidity of the spread of the disease and the morbidity indicate that the agent responsible is highly infectious and virulent. Strict infection control measures for droplet and contact transmission by healthcare workers, a vigilant healthcare profession, and public education are essential for disease prevention. <h3>What is already known on this topic</h3> Severe acute respiratory syndrome is a form of atypical pneumonia that originated in southern China and spread globally in a few weeks The clinical picture, empirical treatment, and the possible mode of disease transmission have been described. The agent responsible is probably a novel coronavirus <h3>What this study adds</h3> This report gives an account of the daily reported number of cases in Hong Kong, showing how the disease has spread rapidly from healthcare workers to the community, and of the drastic measures the government has finally introduced to attempt to control the disease A vigilant healthcare profession, strict infection control measures, and public education are essential to prevent disease dissemination Early introduction of quarantine procedures for this disease by health authorities should be considered.
Etretinate therapy and thrombocytopenia
Authors: L. Naldi, M. Rozzoni, G. Finazzi, P. Pini, L. Marchesi, T. Cainelli
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Journal Article Etretinate therapy and thrombocytopenia Get access L. Naldi, L. Naldi Departments of Dermatology, Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, 24100 Bergamo, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Rozzoni, M. Rozzoni Departments of Dermatology, Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, 24100 Bergamo, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Finazzi, G. Finazzi Departments of Haematology, Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, 24100 Bergamo, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Pini, P. Pini Departments of Dermatology, Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, 24100 Bergamo, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Marchesi, L. Marchesi Departments of Dermatology, Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, 24100 Bergamo, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Cainelli T. Cainelli Departments of Dermatology, Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, 24100 Bergamo, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 124, Issue 4, 1 April 1991, Page 395, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb00611.x Published: 01 April 1991
Prescribing of quinine and cramp inducing drugs in general practice
Authors: M. A Mackie, J. Davidson
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Quinine is widely prescribed as the treatment of choice for nocturnal leg cramps despite doubts about its clinical efficacy. Several commonly prescribed agents, including nifedipine, cimetidine, salbutamol, terbutaline, and diuretics in general, may also cause leg cramps as a side effect.1 2 In addition, quinine may cause severe visual problems in acute self poisoning.3

We examined the prescribing of quinine by general practitioners in the Greater Glasgow Health Board. In addition, the age and sex profiles of patients given quinine and the proportion of these patients concurrently prescribed other drugs associated with leg cramps were determined in a sample of practices.

By using the Scottish prescribing analysis database provided by …
Evolution of tRNA Repertoires in Bacillus Inferred with OrthoAlign
Authors: O. Tremblay-Savard, B. Benzaid, B. F. Lang, N. El-Mabrouk
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

OrthoAlign, an algorithm for the gene order alignment problem (alignment of orthologs), accounting for most genome-wide evolutionary events such as duplications, losses, rearrangements, and substitutions, was presented. OrthoAlign was used in a phylogenetic framework to infer the evolution of transfer RNA repertoires of 50 fully sequenced bacteria in the Bacillus genus. A prevalence of gene duplications and losses over rearrangement events was observed. The average rate of duplications inferred in Bacillus was 24 times lower than the one reported in Escherichia coli, whereas the average rates of losses and inversions were both 12 times lower. These rates were extremely low, suggesting a strong selective pressure acting on tRNA gene repertoires in Bacillus. An exhaustive analysis of the type, location, distribution, and length of evolutionary events was provided, together with ancestral configurations. OrthoAlign can be downloaded at: http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~mabrouk/.
Effects of beta-adrenergic blockade on verapamil-responsive and verapamil-irresponsive sustained ventricular tachycardias.
Authors: R J Sung, E C Keung, N X Nguyen, E C Huycke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1988)

To assess effects of beta-adrenergic blockade on ventricular tachycardia (VT) of various mechanisms, electrophysiology studies were performed before and after intravenous infusion of propranolol (0.2 mg/kg) in 33 patients with chronic recurrent VT, who had previously been tested with intravenous verapamil (0.15 mg/kg followed by 0.005 mg/kg/min infusion). In the verapamil-irresponsive group, 10 patients (group IA) had VT that could be initiated by programmed ventricular extrastimulation and terminated by overdrive ventricular pacing, and 11 patients (group IB) had VT that could be provoked by isoproterenol infusion (3-8 micrograms/min) but not by programmed electrical stimulation, and that could not be converted to a sustained sinus rhythm by overdrive ventricular pacing. Notably, in the group IA patients, all 10 patients had structural heart disease (coronary arteriosclerosis or idiopathic cardiomyopathy); beta-adrenergic blockade accelerated the VT rate in one patient but exerted no effects on the VT rate in the remaining 9 patients, and VT remained inducible in all 10 patients. By contrast, in the group IB patients, 7 of the 11 patients had no apparent structural heart disease; beta-adrenergic blockade completely suppressed the VT inducibility during isoproterenol infusion in all 11 patients. There were 12 patients with verapamil-responsive VT (group II). 11 of the 12 patients had no apparent structural heart disease. In these patients, the initiation of VT was related to attaining a critical range of cycle lengths during sinus, atrial-paced or ventricular-paced rhythm; beta-adrenergic blockade could only slow the VT rate without suppressing its inducibility. Of note, 14 of the total 33 patients had exercise provocable VT: two in group IA, five in group IB, and seven in group II. Thus, mechanisms of VT vary among patients, and so do their pharmacologic responses. Although reentry, catecholamine-sensitive automaticity, and triggered activity related to delayed afterdepolarizations are merely speculative, results of this study indicate that beta-adrenergic blockade is only specifically effective in a subset group (group IB) of patients with VT suggestive of catecholamine-sensitive automaticity.
CD4 T-Lymphocyte Counts and Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia in Pediatric HIV Infection
Authors: Andrea Kovacs
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The relationship between CD4 T-lymphocyte counts and infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is retrospectively investigated for 266 HIV-infected and uninfected children who were born to infected women, including 39 with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), in a population-based surveillance study. Of 21 perinatally HIV-infected children with PCP only 10 (48%) had CD4 T-lymphocyte counts that were less than 500 x 10(6) cells/L (500 cells/mm3), compared with all 18 who were infected via blood transfusions or clotting factors. Among 68 children who were 1 year or younger, 18 (90%) of 20 PCP cases had CD4 T-lymphocyte counts that were less than 1500 x 10(6) cells/L (1500 cells/mm3) compared with only five (10%) of 48 children who did not have the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (odds ratio, 77.4; 95% confidence interval, 19.7 to 313.4). The mean CD4 T-lymphocyte count was lower for the 39 PCP cases when compared with the 188 children who were at different stages of HIV infection and did not have the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) independent of age. The majority of perinatally HIV-infected children with PCP were 6 months or younger and 50% were previously unknown to be infected. Thus, HIV-positive children should be identified early and followed closely. CD4 T-lymphocyte counts may be useful in monitoring HIV-positive children and determining when to begin PCP prophylaxis.
South London Healthcare Trust may be run by the private sector or broken up
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The administrator charged with finding a solution to the financial problems of the trust that runs three hospitals in southeast London has issued an invitation to any party interested in taking it over, in whole or in part.

South London Healthcare Trust, which runs hospitals in Woolwich, Orpington, and Sidcup, reported a £65m (€82m; $102m) deficit in 2011-12 and is likely to match the figure this year. In June the trust became the first to be put into administration by the health secretary,1 who appointed Matthew Kershaw …
Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy Does Not Provide Any Additional Value in Agoraphobic Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: K. Meyerbroeker, N. Morina, G.A. Kerkhof, P.M.G. Emmelkamp
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2013)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; A number of studies have demonstrated the efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) in specific phobias, but research in seriously impaired patients with agoraphobia is lacking. In this randomized controlled trial with patients with agoraphobia and panic disorder, VRET and exposure in vivo were compared in terms of outcome and processes involved. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Patients with panic disorder with agoraphobia (n = 55) were randomly assigned to receive 4 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) followed by either 6 sessions of VRET or 6 sessions of exposure in vivo or to a waiting list control condition. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Analyses showed that both active treatment packages were significantly more effective than no treatment and that no differences between VRET and exposure in vivo were found in three out of four outcome measures. On the panic disorder severity scale, however, CBT plus exposure in vivo was more effective than CBT plus VRET. The results show clear synchrony of temporal processes involved in VRET and exposure in vivo on weekly avoidance measures and cognitive measures. Further, it was shown that initial changes in agoraphobic cognitions during the CBT phase predicted later changes in agoraphobic avoidance behavior. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; These data support the notion that therapeutic processes involved might be the same in VRET and exposure in vivo. However, given the slight superiority of exposure in vivo above VRET, the costs involved in the implementation of VRET and the lack of long-term follow-up, VRET cannot yet be recommended for patients with agoraphobia.
Defective membrane potential changes in neutrophils from human neonates.
Authors: F Sacchi, H R Hill
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

In an attempt to determine the mechanism of the profound defect in chemotaxis observed in the polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) of human neonates, we have examined membrane potential changes and alterations in free intracellular calcium following chemotactic factor stimulation. Following exposure to formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), PMN from adult donors (11) showed a marked change in membrane potential (31%) as determined by fluorescence emission using the cyanine dye, 3-3-dipentyloxacarbocyanine [DiOC5(3)]. In marked contrast, FMLP-stimulated PMN from 10 human neonates failed to show any significant change in membrane potential (1-2%). Using the calcium-sensitive probe Quin 2/AM, FMLP induced an increase in fluorescence of up to 51% in adult PMN (10). In contrast, the change in intracellular free calcium induced in neonatal PMN was much less (32%; P less than 0.01). These results suggest that the profound defect in chemotactic responsiveness of PMN from human neonates may result from an inability of these cells to undergo changes in membrane potential following inflammatory mediator stimulation.
Physicians’ Experiences With Impaired Colleagues
Authors: Lisa J. Merlo, Karl M. Altenburger, Mark S. Gold
Journal: JAMA (2010)

To the Editor: The survey study by Dr DesRoches and colleagues reported data regarding physicians’ experiences with impaired colleagues. Although the authors concluded that a large number of practicing physicians do not support the current process of self-regulation, we believe that the discussion lacked consideration of relevant issues that would put these results into more meaningful context. The association between a state’s malpractice environment and likelihood of reporting an impaired colleague could represent cause or effect. Malpractice claims may be lower in states in which more impaired physicians are reported because such physicians could access the help they need before any patients are harmed. Thus, the quality of the state’s physician health program (PHP) may have a more meaningful effect on the reporting climate within a state. PHPs were implemented to help physicians access treatment while maintaining public safety. There are no national standards for PHPs, so the structure, size, and quality of the programs vary. For example, some PHPs mandate disciplinary action by the state board of medicine, whereas others allow physicians to obtain treatment confidentially and without punitive action (eg, Florida, Alabama). In addition, some states recently lost a PHP (California) or do not have a PHP (Georgia). In an observational study of 904 substance-impaired physicians enrolled in 16 PHPs, there was a 78% recovery rate. The survey used by DesRoches et al did not specifically ask participants about reporting colleagues to a PHP, which may reflect a need for increased awareness of such programs. Given that perceived lack of anonymity and efficacy were identified by the authors as possible barriers to reporting an impaired colleague, state PHPs may provide a valuable resource to impaired physicians and colleagues who are ethically charged with reporting them. It seems likely that rates of reporting an impaired colleague would be higher in states with a high-quality PHP. It is also notable that participants practicing less than 10 years were most likely to agree that physicians should report all impaired or incompetent colleagues (71%) and had the highest rates of actually reporting them (79%). These results may reflect increased education regarding this topic, with medical schools recently focusing more attention on patient safety, medical errors, duty-hour limits, and physician impairment. Continuing medical education regarding physician impairment may enhance knowledge, confidence, and ethical responsibility among physicians already in practice. Lisa J. Merlo, PhD, MPE lmerlo@ufl.edu McKnight Brain Institute University of Florida College of Medicine Gainesville Karl M. Altenburger, MD Professionals Resource Network Inc of Florida Fernandina Beach Mark S. Gold, MD McKnight Brain Institute University of Florida College of Medicine
The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Hypertension.
Authors: D. H. P. Streeten
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

s1 May 1968The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Hypertension.D. H. P. Streeten, M.B., D.Phil., G. V. Clift, M.D., F. E. Schletter, M.D., T. S. Dalakos, M.D.D. H. P. Streeten, M.B., D.Phil., G. V. Clift, M.D., F. E. Schletter, M.D., T. S. Dalakos, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-5-1164_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system has been studied in 34 hypertensive and 9 normal subjects, on 200- and 10-mEq sodium diets, recumbent and upright. Significant correlations have been found in normal and essential hypertensive (EH) groups among [1] changes in plasma volume and plasma renin activity (PRA,r= -0.41), [2] log PRA and aldosterone excretion (r= +0.061), [3] log sodium and aldosterone excretion (r= +0.73), and [4] PRA and dose of infused angiotensin needed to raise diastolic back pressure 20 mm Hg (r= +0.58). Patients with EH (19) gave normal results, except for a gentler slope of the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Syracuse, New York PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByEnhancement of HDL by PolicosanolBlood Pressure Lowering Effect of Cuban Policosanol is Accompanied by Improvement of Hepatic Inflammation, Lipoprotein Profile, and HDL Quality in Spontaneously Hypertensive RatsRenal vein renin activity in the prognosis of surgery for renovascular hypertension 1 May 1968Volume 68, Issue 5Page: 1164-1164KeywordsAldosteroneDietExcretionHypertensionPlasma renin activityPlasma volumeSodium Issue Published: 1 May 1968 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Pigmentary Findings in Neurofibromatosis Type 1–like Syndrome (Legius Syndrome)
Authors: David Stevenson, David Viskochil
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ethnic Differences in the Prognostic Value of Coronary Artery Calcification for All-Cause Mortality
Authors: Khurram Nasir, Leslee J. Shaw, Sandy T. Liu, Steven R. Weinstein, Tristen R. Mosler, Phillip R. Flores, Ferdinand R. Flores, Paolo Raggi, Daniel S. Berman, Roger S. Blumenthal, Matthew J. Budoff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2007)
Hypercapnic Acidosis Impairs Plasma Membrane Wound Resealing in Ventilator-injured Lungs
Authors: Clinton H. Doerr, Ognjen Gajic, Jorge C. Berrios, Sean Caples, Matthew Abdel, James F. Lymp, Rolf D. Hubmayr
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2005)

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of hypercapnic acidosis on lung cell injury and repair by confocal microscopy in a model of ventilator-induced lung injury. Three groups of normocapnic, hypocapnic, and hypercapnic rat lungs were perfused ex vivo, either during or after injurious ventilation, with a solution containing the membrane-impermeant label propidium iodide. In lungs labeled during injurious ventilation, propidium iodide fluorescence identifies all cells with plasma membrane wounds, both permanent and transient, whereas in lungs labeled after injurious ventilation propidium iodide fluorescence identifies only cells with permanent plasma membrane wounds. Hypercapnia minimized the adverse effects of high-volume ventilation on vascular barrier function, whereas hypocapnia had the opposite effect. Despite CO2-dependent differences in lung mechanics and edema the number of injured subpleural cells per alveolus was similar in the three groups (0.48 ± 0.34 versus 0.51 ± 0.19 versus 0.43 ± 0.20 for hypocapnia, normocapnia, and hypercapnia, respectively). However, compared with normocapnia the probability of wound repair was significantly reduced in hypercapnic lungs (63 versus 38%; p < 0.02). This finding was subsequently confirmed in alveolar epithelial cell scratch models. The potential relevance of these observations for lung inflammation and remodeling after mechanical injury is discussed.
Four Cases of Enteric Fever Treated with Antitoxic Serum
Authors: F. M. Pope
Journal: BMJ (1897)

ANTITOXIC SERUM IN ENTERIC FEVE1.X lastly, to persons who are living in any district which is being visited by an epidemic of typhoid.In conclusion, we desire to state that we have a certain amount of typhoid vaccines which we shall be glad to place at the disposal of any practitioner who may desire to under- take these vaccinations.
The uncertain status of Bayesian accounts of reasoning
Authors: Brett K. Hayes, Ben R. Newell
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2011)

Abstract Bayesian accounts are currently popular in the field of inductive reasoning. This commentary briefly reviews the limitations of one such account, the Rational Model (Anderson 1991b), in explaining how inferences are made about objects whose category membership is uncertain. These shortcomings are symptomatic of what Jones &amp; Love (J&amp;L) refer to as “fundamentalist” Bayesian approaches.
Early responses predict better outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia: results with four tyrosine kinase inhibitor modalities
Authors: Preetesh Jain, Hagop Kantarjian, Aziz Nazha, Susan O’Brien, Elias Jabbour, Carlos Guillermo Romo, Sherry Pierce, Marylou Cardenas-Turanzas, Srdan Verstovsek, Gautam Borthakur, Farhad Ravandi, Alfonso Quintás-Cardama, Jorge Cortes
Journal: Blood (2013)