tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Significance of hemostatic molecular markers during disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with liver cirrhosis treated by endoscopic embolization for esophageal varices
Authors: Tetsuji Koyama, Eizo Kakishita, Yoshiyuki Nakai, Eizo Okamoto
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

We studied the quantitative changes of hemostatic molecular markers with time during the course of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) induced by endoscopic embolization using thrombin for esophageal varices in nine patients with liver cirrhosis. The plasma levels of D-dimer, a product of plasmin degradation of cross-linked fibrin, and thrombin-antithrombin-III complex (TAT) were significantly higher in patients before treatment when compared with 60 healthy individuals. The plasma levels of TAT, D-dimer, and plasmin alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC) increased significantly 5-15 min after thrombin injection into the varices, earlier than the changes of conventional coagulofibrinolytic factors, reached a maximum level after 180 min, and started to decline after 1 day. Although the plasma PIC level returned to normal after 7 days, both TAT and D-dimer were still above the pretreatment level. Although there was no change in urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA), tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) increased significantly after 5 min. The plasma level of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) showed only a slight elevation after treatment. We propose that the hemostatic molecular markers TAT, D-dimer, and PIC are suitable for the early diagnosis of DIC after endoscopic embolization using thrombin in patients with liver cirrhosis and that the increase of PAI-1 is too small for the regulation of fibrinolysis due to t-PA in DIC occurring in liver cirrhosis.
Musculoskeletal injuries in child athletes
Authors: J G P Williams
Journal: BMJ (1994)

built between the rider and the horse and the rider and the helper have, over the years, produced some remarkable achievements and added substantially to the quality of life for people with learning difficulties.Our 725 groups of members throughout Britain are keen to establish closer cooperation with the medical profession and would welcome visits from doctors so that they can show what they are achieving.Addresses of local groups may be obtained from our headquarters.
Nicotine replacement can be obtained on prescription
Authors: J. Britton
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Smoking research of the 1950s could be celebrated in UK and US stampsEditor-Tobacco Control reproduced anti-tobacco postage stamps on the covers of its first six issues. [1]2][3][4] By 1992, 43 countries had issued anti-tobacco stamps, 1 and Poland issued an antismoking postcard as far back as 1971.Sixty five countries have now issued anti-tobacco stamps or other postal items.Two of the recent issues are from Libya in 1995 and Romania in 1999 (figures).By contrast, 125 countries have
The 2012 dengue outbreak in Madeira: exploring the origins
Authors: A Wilder-Smith, M Quam, O Sessions, J Rocklov, J Liu-Helmersson, L Franco, K Khan
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2014)

In 2012, Madeira reported its first major outbreak of dengue. To identify the origin of the imported dengue virus, we investigated the interconnectivity via air travel between dengue-endemic countries and Madeira, and compared available sequences against GenBank. There were 22,948 air travellers to Madeira in 2012, originating from twenty-nine dengue-endemic countries; 89.6% of these international travellers originated from Venezuela and Brazil. We developed an importation index that takes into account both travel volume and the extent of dengue incidence in the country of origin. Venezuela and Brazil had by far the highest importation indices compared with all other dengue-endemic countries. The importation index for Venezuela was twice as high as that for Brazil. When taking into account seasonality in the months preceding the onset of the Madeira outbreak, this index was even seven times higher for Venezuela than for Brazil during this time. Dengue sequencing shows that the virus responsible for the Madeira outbreak was most closely related to viruses circulating in Venezuela, Brazil and Columbia. Applying the importation index, Venezuela was identified as the most likely origin of importation of dengue virus via travellers to Madeira. We propose that the importation index is a new additional tool that can help to identify and anticipate the most probable country of origin for importation of dengue into currently non-endemic countries.
Direct effect of bile salts and phospholipids on the physical properties of mucus.
Authors: G P Martin, C Marriott, I W Kellaway
Journal: Gut (1978)

Reflux of duodenal contents into the stomach has been implicated in the disruption of mucosal defence and the subsequent occurrence of gastric ulcer. The change produced in the rheological properties following the addition of bile salts and phospholipids to mucus samples was used to assess resultant structural changes. Sodium deoxycholate, sodium taurodeoxycholate, sodium glycocholate, and lysophosphatidylcholine decreased both viscosity and elasticity, indicating that structural breakdown had occurred, whereas phosphatidylcholine could not be shown to have any effect. It is therefore suggested that some of the ulcerogenic activity of naturally occurring surfactants may be associated with their ability directly to reduce mucus consistency.
Review of<i>Controversies in Neuro-Oncology: Best Evidence Medicine for Brain Tumor Surgery</i>
Authors: Justin T. Jordan
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
AN EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL STUDY OF INTERNAL HYDROCEPHALUS
Authors: WALTER E. DANDY
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Numerous methods have been suggested for the treatment of internal hydrocephalus, none of which have been productive of satisfactory results. So long as the etiology of this condition remains obscure, the treatment must necessarily be only symptomatic. In the hope of clarifying its etiology and thus affording a rational working basis for its relief, we have undertaken this investigation. The present communication, which is presented as a preliminary report, includes observations on dogs after the production of experimental hydrocephalus, together with observations on patients suffering from the disease. We have also considered the manner and the place of formation and of absorption of the normal cerebrospinal fluid and the relation of these factors in the production of this pathologic condition. <h3>HYDROCEPHALUS EXPERIMENTALLY PRODUCED</h3> From a survey of the literature we have been unable to find any record of hydrocephalus having been produced experimentally. In our experiments an obstruction has been
Black piedra: the first case treated with terbinafine (LamisilR)
Authors: L. GIP
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

A 23-year-old Swedish Caucasian man presented with typical clinical signs of black piedra of his scalp after his return from 4-months' stay in India. There were black nodules around the hair shafts, and the crushed nodules revealed numerous asci and ascospores on microscopy. Piedraia hortae was isolated from the concretions. He was treated with oral terbinafine 250 mg daily for 6 weeks. At the end of treatment no nodules were visible, but 16 days later a few 'new' black concretions appeared. Microscopy of these nodules revealed markedly degenerated fungal elements, and cultures were negative. No further signs of the disease were seen 2 months after cessation of therapy. In vitro susceptibility tests showed that Piedraia hortae was sensitive to terbinafine. This case demonstrates that terbinafine is effective in the treatment of black piedra.
Drug and cell delivery for cardiac regeneration
Authors: Conn L. Hastings, Ellen T. Roche, Eduardo Ruiz-Hernandez, Katja Schenke-Layland, Conor J. Walsh, Garry P. Duffy
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2014)

The spectrum of ischaemic cardiomyopathy, encompassing acute myocardial infarction to congestive heart failure is a significant clinical issue in the modern era. This group of diseases is an enormous source of morbidity and mortality and underlies significant healthcare costs worldwide. Cardiac regenerative therapy, whereby pro-regenerative cells, drugs or growth factors are administered to damaged and ischaemic myocardium has demonstrated significant potential, especially preclinically. While some of these strategies have demonstrated a measure of success in clinical trials, tangible clinical translation has been slow. To date, the majority of clinical studies and a significant number of preclinical studies have utilised relatively simple delivery methods for regenerative therapeutics, such as simple systemic administration or local injection in saline carrier vehicles. Here, we review cardiac regenerative strategies with a particular focus on advanced delivery concepts as a potential means to enhance treatment efficacy and tolerability and ultimately, clinical translation. These include (i) delivery of therapeutic agents in biomaterial carriers, (ii) nanoparticulate encapsulation, (iii) multimodal therapeutic strategies and (iv) localised, minimally invasive delivery via percutaneous transcatheter systems.
Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice
Authors: Sheldon Jacobson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine1 July 1993Reviews, Notes, and Listings: Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical PracticeSheldon Jacobson, MDSheldon Jacobson, MDHospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4283.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-1-199307010-00031 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical PracticeThird edition. Volumes I, II, and III. Peter Rosen and Roger M. Barkin; eds. 2836 pages. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book; 1992. $225.00.A recent flurry of publications of major new texts and new editions in emergency medicine includes this work, edited by Rosen and Barkin. This three-volume edition of 2800 pages of text weighs in at 15.5 pounds. The third edition exceeds the previous 1988 edition by 30%. The text is organized in seven major sections: general concepts (resuscitation, analgesia, and medico-legal and ethical issues), trauma, musculoskeletal disorders (orthopedics and rheumatology), environmental disorders, systemic disorders (medical ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4283. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 July 1993Volume 119, Issue 1Page: 96KeywordsAnalgesiaAsthmaEmergency medicineForecastingImmune systemLibrariesOrthopedicsResuscitationRheumatologyShock ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 July 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Femoral Artery Calcification Detection by Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: EDWARD B. SILBERSTEIN, STEPHEN DeLONG
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

Symmetric curvilinear areas of increased Tc-99m diphosphonate activity are often observed medial to the femurs in bone scintigraphs. By concurrent flow studies and computed tomography, these are shown to be caused by radiopharmaceutical uptake in calcified femoral arteries.
Mitoxantrone and 5‐azacytidine for refractory/relapsed ANLL or CML in blast crisis: A leukemia intergroup study
Authors: Jack Goldberg, Jeff Gryn, Azra Raza, John Bennett, George Browman, John Bryant, Hans Grunwald, Richard Larson, Ralph Vogler, Harvey Preisler
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1993)

In an effort to determine if cell cycle active agents are augmented when given after non-cell cycle active agents, 104 patients with either multiply relapsed or refractory acute nonlymphocytic leukemia or blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia were treated with mitoxantrone. Patients whose bone marrow did not show significant cytoreduction received 5-azacytidine. Twenty-seven of the 93 evaluable patients (23%) with ANLL achieved a complete remission. A total of 28% of patients receiving mitoxantrone alone achieved remission compared to 15% for those receiving mitoxantrone and 5-azacytidine. Relapsed patients had a higher CR rate (36%) than refractory patients (15%). Nausea, vomiting, and stomatitis were common but rarely severe. The median duration of remission was 3.7 months and patients with abnormal karyotypes had longer remission durations than those with normal karyotypes. In this patient population, there was no evidence that 5-azacytidine given after mitoxantrone increased the complete remission rate.
Cystatin C-Cathepsin B Axis Regulates Amyloid Beta Levels and Associated Neuronal Deficits in an Animal Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Binggui Sun, Yungui Zhou, Brian Halabisky, Iris Lo, Seo-Hyun Cho, Sarah Mueller-Steiner, Nino Devidze, Xin Wang, Anders Grubb, Li Gan
Journal: Neuron (2008)
Probucol Attenuates Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Remodeling in Tachycardia-Induced Heart Failure
Authors: Ryo Nakamura, Kensuke Egashira, Youji Machida, Shunji Hayashidani, Motohiro Takeya, Hideo Utsumi, Hiroyuki Tsutsui, Akira Takeshita
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Oxidative stress and inflammation are potentially involved in the pathogenesis of heart failure (HF). We examined whether antioxidant and antiinflammatory treatment with probucol decreases myocardial oxidative stress and inflammation and attenuates the progression of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and remodeling (dilatation) in tachycardia-induced HF. Methods and Results — We studied 3 groups of dogs: a sham-operated control group and 2 other groups that underwent ventricular pacing at 240 bpm with and without probucol treatment (100 mg/kg IP per week) for 4 weeks. Dogs that underwent ventricular pacing for 4 weeks developed signs of HF, such as a reduction in the LV ejection fraction and increases in the LV end-diastolic dimension and LV end-diastolic pressure. Myocardial oxidative stress, as measured by electron spin resonance spectroscopy with 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6,-tetramethyl-piperidine- N -oxyl (hydroxy-TEMPO), was significantly increased. There was an increase in myocardial monocyte infiltration, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression, and renin-angiotensin system and matrix metalloproteinase activity. Probucol treatment prevented increases in oxidative stress, inflammation, and matrix metalloproteinase activity and attenuated LV dysfunction and remodeling. Conclusions — Probucol attenuated LV dysfunction and remodeling, possibly through its antioxidant and/or antiinflammatory effects in ventricular pacing–induced HF. These data suggest that inflammatory disorders, which cause an abnormal interaction between failing myocardium and activated monocytes, have an important role in the progression of HF.
Abstract 3268: Targeting Semaphorin signaling to inhibit tumor growth and metastatic spreading
Authors: Andrea Casazza, Boaz Kigel, Charlotte Rolny, Gera Neufeld, Luca Tamagnone
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The Semaphorins and their receptors, Neuropilins and Plexins, were originally implicated as guidance signals in the development of the central nervous system. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that semaphorins may regulate tumor progression, by promoting or inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, tumor cell survival and metastatic spreading, in fact mediating a crosstalk between tumor cells and multiple stromal cell types in the surrounding microenvironment. Here, we provide two examples of the multifaceted activity of semaphorins during tumor progression. We found that Semaphorin 3A (SEMA3A) inhibits primary tumor growth and its metastatic dissemination by employing three different experimental approaches in mouse tumor models: (i) over-expression of SEMA3A in tumor cells; (ii) systemic expression of SEMA3A following gene transfer in mice; (iii) tumor-targeted release of SEMA3A using gene-modified Tie2-expressing monocytes (TEMs) as delivery vehicles. In each of these experimental settings, SEMA3A efficiently inhibited tumor growth by disrupting vessel function and inducing tumor hypoxia and necrosis, without promoting metastatic dissemination. Moreover, we have recently shown that another secreted semaphorin known to regulate angiogenesis, Semaphorin 3E (SEMA3E), is abundantly expressed in metastatic human tumors, where it promotes cancer cell invasiveness and metastatic spreading. Notably, this biological activity of SEMA3E depends on a proteolytic conversion by furin-like convertases, generating the active fragment “p61”-SEMA3E. In cancer cells, p61-SEMA3E induces the association of the receptor PlexinD1 with the oncogenic tyrosine-kinase receptor ErbB2, leading to ErbB2 activation and enhanced tumor invasion and metastasis. Here we show that a mutated uncleavable variant of SEMA3E (Uncl-SEMA3E) binds the receptor PlexinD1 but it is unable to trigger ErbB2 signaling in cancer cells and lacks any pro-metastatic activity. On the other hand, Uncl-SEMA3E functions as a potent anti-angiogenic factor and displays striking tumor-suppressor properties in vivo. In summary, SEMA3A and Uncl-SEMA3E are potent inhibitors of tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth which concomitantly block the metastatic spreading of tumor cells. These data provide evidence that support interfering with semaphorin-mediated signals as a promising anti-cancer strategy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3268. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3268
The Relation Between the Fast Vital Capacity Curves and the Maximum Breathing Capacity
Authors: L. Bernstein, G. Kazantzis
Journal: Thorax (1954)

<b>1. Please consider the following:</b> A 45-year-old man needs treatment for an inflammatory neurological condition refractory to steroids. Treatment options include: intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) methotrexate azathioprine cyclosporine cyclophosphamide Which of the above drugs would you most wish to avoid, or only administer with extreme caution, if he also had: interstitial lung disease gout IgA deficiency renal failure haemorrhagic cystitis <b>2. Please study Fig. 1 (reproduced with kind permission from Dr P. Bain):</b> This patient is most likely to have which of the following type of tremor: Dystonic tremor of right arm? Dystonic tremor of left arm? Holmes tremor? Cerebellar tremor? <b>3. Please read the following passage.</b> A 46-year-old hairdresser was referred to the psychiatric service because she believed she was a witch. She had been sacked from her job six months previously because of her increasingly erratic
Docetaxel in anthracycline-pretreated AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma: a retrospective study
Authors: J. Autier, C. Picard-Dahan, E. Marinho, M. Grossin, P. Yeni, C. Leport, J-L. Vilde, B. Crickx, V. Descamps
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a potentially life-threatening multifocal neoplasm. Despite the significant decline in the incidence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related KS with the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), some patients, even those with a good immune restoration, still have aggressive disease. Liposomal anthracyclines or combination chemotherapy are widely used but adverse effects limit their utilization.We studied the efficacy and tolerance of docetaxel in the treatment of AIDS-related KS after pretreatment with anthracycline. PATIENTS/METHODS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: A retrospective cohort study was done. Nine human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients were treated from 1997 to 2002 with docetaxel. Tumour response was evaluated using the AIDS Clinical Trial Group (ACTG) staging criteria. Clinical and biological toxicity was evaluated. AIDS status with HIV viral load and CD4 T-cell count were measured at the beginning and at the end of the treatment.A major (complete or partial) response and a stabilization of the disease were demonstrated in seven and two patients, respectively. Grade 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in four of nine and one of nine patients, respectively. One patient died after sepsis.Docetaxel has a good and rapid efficacy in anthracycline-pretreated patients with severe AIDS-related KS. Phase II/III trials should be done to compare docetaxel with liposomal anthracyclines as a first-line treatment.
Physicians Poor at Prevalence and Positive Predictive Value
Authors: P. Bill-Billings
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In 1978, Casscells et al<sup>1</sup>reported the findings of a survey concerned with physician appreciationthe limitations of laboratory testtesting in the process of clinical decinsion. Physicians have generallyrmedpoorly on tests assaying the use of quantitative informinformation.<sup>1,2</sup>A large number licati-nsng decision theory tenets such as tetenets such as test ificity,sitive p-edictive valupositive predictive have subsequently<sup>3,4</sup>redappeared.<sup>3,4</sup>study of clinical decisions has become a fundable research toptopic, athe utilization of Bayes' thetheorem in clinical settings is discussed in the curricula most medical schools. We estim-te that oneone articlech month, requiring some rudrudimentaryowle-ge of decision thetheory and/or Bayes' theorem in order to be properly analyzed,blished in one of the mathe major medical journals. We asked whether increasing exposure to concepts of decision theory in medical school, postgraduate training, in the medical literature might be associated with improved results on a question requiring appreciation of a
Bloody liver—Prometheus revised
Authors: Timothy J. Davern
Journal: Hepatology (2001)

The characterization of hepatic progenitor cells is of great scientific and clinical interest.Here we report that intravenous injection of adult bone marrow cells in the FAH (؊/؊) mouse, an animal model of tyrosinemia type I, rescued the mouse and restored the biochemical function of its liver.Moreover, within bone marrow, only rigorously purified hematopoietic stem cells gave rise to donor-derived hematopoietic and hepatic regeneration.This result seems to contradict the conventional assumptions of the germ layer origins of tissues such as the liver, and raises the question of whether the cells of the hematopoietic stem cell phenotype are pluripotent hematopoietic cells that retain the ability to transdifferentiate, or whether they are more primitive multipotent cells.