tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impaired Myocardial Fatty Acid Oxidation and Reduced Protein Expression of Retinoid X Receptor-α in Pacing-Induced Heart Failure
Authors: Juan Carlos Osorio, William C. Stanley, Axel Linke, Michele Castellari, Quy N. Diep, Ashish R. Panchal, Thomas H. Hintze, Gary D. Lopaschuk, Fabio A. Recchia
Journal: Circulation (2002)

The nuclear receptors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) and retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha) stimulate the expression of key enzymes of free fatty acid (FFA) oxidation. We tested the hypothesis that the altered metabolic phenotype of the failing heart involves changes in the protein expression of PPARalpha and RXRalpha.Cardiac substrate uptake and oxidation were measured in 8 conscious, chronically instrumented dogs with decompensated pacing-induced heart failure and in 8 normal dogs by infusing 3 isotopically labeled substrates: 3H-oleate, 14C-glucose, and 13C-lactate. Although myocardial O2 consumption was not different between the 2 groups, the rate of oxidation of FFA was lower (2.8+/-0.6 versus 4.7+/-0.3 micromol x min(-1) x 100g(-1)) and of glucose was higher (4.6+/-1.0 versus 1.8+/-0.5 micromol x min(-1) x 100g(-1)) in failing compared with normal hearts (P<0.05). The rates of lactate uptake and lactate output were not significantly different between the 2 groups. In left ventricular tissue from failing hearts, the activity of 2 key enzymes of FFA oxidation was significantly reduced: carnitine palmitoyl transferase-I (0.54+/-0.04 versus 0.66+/-0.04 micromol x min(-1) x g(-1)) and medium chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (MCAD; 1.8+/-0.1 versus 2.9+/-0.3 micromol x min(-1) x g(-1)). Consistently, the protein expression of MCAD and of RXRalpha were significantly reduced by 38% in failing hearts, but the expression of PPARalpha was not different. Moreover, there were significant correlations between the expression of RXRalpha and the expression and activity of MCAD.Our results provide the first evidence for a link between the reduced expression of RXRalpha and the switch in metabolic phenotype in severe heart failure.
STAT1 is phosphorylated and downregulated by the oncogenic tyrosine kinase NPM-ALK in ALK-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma
Authors: Chengsheng Wu, Ommoleila Molavi, Haifeng Zhang, Nidhi Gupta, Abdulraheem Alshareef, Kathleen M. Bone, Keshav Gopal, Fang Wu, Jamie T. Lewis, Donna N. Douglas, Norman M. Kneteman, Raymond Lai
Journal: Blood (2015)
Effect of cisapride on postprandial gastro-oesophageal reflux.
Authors: R H Holloway, J Downton, B Mitchell, J Dent
Journal: Gut (1989)

We studied the effect of cisapride on oesophageal motor function and postprandial gastro-oesophageal reflux in a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled crossover study. In 16 patients with symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux, cisapride 10 mg orally and placebo were studied on separate days according to identical protocols. Cisapride and placebo were given 30 minutes before a standard meal. Each study day was preceded by corresponding three day oral loading of cisapride (10 mg tds) or placebo. Lower oesophageal sphincter pressure, oesophageal body motility and oesophageal pH were monitored for 30 minutes before and three hours after the meal. Plasma cisapride concentrations were measured before and after dosing on both study days. With cisapride treatment, the plasma cisapride levels ranged from 48.1 (5.0) to 75.9 (6.9) ng/ml. Plasma levels were undetectable during placebo treatment. Cisapride enhanced acid clearance but had no significant effect on the duration of acid exposure, the rate of reflux episodes, the pattern of lower oesophageal sphincter pressure associated with the reflux episodes, basal lower oesophageal sphincter pressure or oesophageal peristalsis. These findings do not suggest a major role for cisapride, at the dosage tested, for the control of troublesome postprandial gastro-oesophageal reflux.
The NASA Syndrome Revisited
Authors: Jonathan R. Merrill
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Spurlock takes issue that a consulting surgeon's evaluation of abdominal pain was "not a surgical abdomen" which he termed "the NASA syndrome."1I concur with his concerns, but with certain ambivalence. A surgeon called in to provide consultation reasonably expects prior determination that his or her particular expertise likely is required. Then, if it is not, it would seem appropriate to notify the requesting nonsurgeon: in this context, NASA is absolutely correct, although "abdominal pain, unknown etiology, probably NASA" might conform better to Spurlock's expectations. On the other hand, since fully trained surgeons are in essence internists who also provide operative intervention when necessary, perhaps the surgical consultant should have directed definitive studies, exacted a diagnosis, and provided treatment. But then why would we need internists? Perhaps Spurlock's apparent contempt/insecurity/whatever needs some adjustment?
American Family Physician has prohibited using editorialists with industry ties for over 20 years
Authors: J. Siwek
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Mice have a constellation of higher visual areas, but their functional specializations are unclear. Here, we used a data-driven approach to examine neuronal representations of complex visual stimuli across mouse higher visual areas, measured using large field-of-view two-photon calcium imaging. Using specialized stimuli, we found higher fidelity representations of texture in area LM, compared to area AL. Complementarily, we found higher fidelity representations of motion in area AL, compared to area LM. We also observed this segregation of information in response to naturalistic videos. Finally, we explored how popular models of visual cortical neurons could produce the segregated representations of texture and motion we observed. These selective representations could aid in behaviors such as visually guided navigation.
Long-term survival and blast transformation in molecularly annotated essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, and myelofibrosis
Authors: Ayalew Tefferi, Paola Guglielmelli, Dirk R. Larson, Christy Finke, Emnet A. Wassie, Lisa Pieri, Naseema Gangat, Rajmonda Fjerza, Alem A. Belachew, Terra L. Lasho, Rhett P. Ketterling, Curtis A. Hanson, Alessandro Rambaldi, Guido Finazzi, Juergen Thiele, Tiziano Barbui, Animesh Pardanani, Alessandro M. Vannucchi
Journal: Blood (2014)
Current and Emerging Infectious Risks of Blood Transfusions
Authors: Michael P. Busch, Steven H. Kleinman, George J. Nemo
Journal: JAMA (2003)

THE BLOOD SUPPLY IN THE UNITED States and other developed countries has never been as safe as it is now. During the past several decades, there have been dramatic progressive reductions in the risk of transfusion-transmitted clinically significant blood-borne infections. This has been accomplished as a result of extensive research to characterize transfusiontransmitted pathogens, development of strategies to measure infection rates in blood donor and recipient populations, characterization of the dynamics of early viremia, and implementation of progressively more restrictive donor eligibility criteria and increasingly sensitive laboratory screening methods. In addition, regulatory oversight by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has been strengthened, resulting in enhanced quality assurance programs in blood collection and transfusion facilities. Pathogen reduction methods, already successfully applied to pooled plasma derivatives (eg, albumin, clotting factor concentrates, immunoglobulin preparations) are now in development for cellular blood components and fresh-frozen plasma. If these methods are approved by the FDA and widely implemented, they could virtually eliminate the risk of transmission by transfusions of both known and emerging infectious agents in technologically advanced countries. This progress needs to be balanced against the continued emergence of potential new transfusiontransmissible pathogens and the disparity in blood safety in developing countries where resources are insufficient to enable basic infectious disease donor screening.
Differences between the Fever of Still's Disease and that of Rheumatic Fever
Authors: F. J. McMinn, E. G. L. Bywaters
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1959)

FromtheRheumatism Research Unit(M.R.C.), Canadian RedCrossMemorial Hospital, Taplow, Berks. Inthelast 12years' observation ofaseries ofover 1,000 casesofrheumatic fever, over200cases of Still's disease, andother less commonconnective tissue diseases inchildren, wehavecometoplace somediagnostic value onthecharacter ofthefever. Ourimpression hasbeenthat, inStill's disease, and, muchless commonly, inafewcases ofadult rheumatoid arthritis, thebodytemperature chart shows alarge daily swing, reaching highlevels atnight and comingdowntobelow98-4° F.bymorning, often overprolonged periods, whereas inrheumatic fever thetemperature, though equally high, ismorestable andshowsmuchless swing.However, there seem tobemanyexceptions tothis general impression andwehavetherefore undertaken adetailed survey ofthis question.
Reduction in the Vasoconstriction Produced by Sympathetic Adrenergic Nerves during Reactive Hyperaemia
Authors: B. L. Ardill, V. M. Bhatnagar, P. H. Fentem
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1967)

The intense reflex sympathetic vasoconstriction of forearm vessels induced by exposure of the parts of the body distal to the xiphisternum to pressures 60 mm Hg below atmospheric is able to reduce the reactive hyperaemia that follows a period of occlusion of the forearm circulation. Following occlusion for periods of from 15 sec to 8 min, the duration of the reactive hyperaemia, the peak flow, and the excess blood flow were reduced.
Charcot: Constructing Neurology
Authors: Frank R. Freemon
Journal: JAMA (1997)

The French physician Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893) was the founder of the clinical specialty of neurology. He was a self-made man, rising from the Parisian lower middle class to the highest levels of academic and professional achievement. His early career was steady but not spectacular. His great opportunity came with an assignment to the Salpêtrière: he was in charge of one medical section of this huge institution, which in today's health care system would be somewhere between an unskilled nursing home and a facility for those with chronic mental illnesses unable to care for themselves. At this time, only women were admitted to the Salpêtrière; it was filled with old prostitutes afflicted with the degenerative conditions now known to be caused by syphilis, patients with frequent epileptic seizures, and destitute women found on the streets of Paris. "Novelists and artists as well as physicians crowded the lecture hall..." Within this huge
Not yet in all overdoses with failed resuscitation
Authors: D. B. Murray, D. N. Bateman
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<i>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:</i> MR imaging was performed in very preterm infants by using an MR imager in the neonatal intensive care unit. The aims of this study were to assess the development of myelination in the preterm brain based on MR imaging findings and to compare the ability of T1-weighted conventional spin-echo, inversion recovery fast spin-echo, and T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR imaging to show myelination in these infants. <i>METHODS:</i> MR imaging was performed for 26 preterm infants with a median gestational age of 28 weeks who had normal neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years corrected age. <i>RESULTS:</i> Myelin was evident in the gracile and cuneate nuclei and fasciculi, vestibular nuclei, cerebellar vermis, inferior and superior cerebellar peduncles, dentate nucleus, medial longitudinal fasciculus, medial geniculate bodies, subthalamic nuclei, inferior olivary nuclei, ventrolateral nuclei of the thalamus, decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles, medial lemnisci, lateral lemnisci, and inferior colliculi at ≤28 weeks gestational age. From this gestational age, myelination was not visualized at any new site until 36 weeks gestational age, when myelin was visualized in the corona radiata, posterior limb of the internal capsule, corticospinal tracts of the precentral and postcentral gyri, and lateral geniculate bodies. T2-weighted fast spin-echo MR imaging showed myelin in gray matter nuclei at an earlier gestational age than did T1-weighted conventional spin-echo or inversion recovery fast spin-echo MR imaging. T1-weighted conventional spin-echo MR imaging showed myelin earlier in some white matter tracts in the preterm brain. <i>CONCLUSION:</i> Myelination was evident in numerous gray and white matter structures in the very preterm brain. A knowledge of myelination milestones will allow delays to be detected at an early stage.
HIF-α Effects on c-Myc Distinguish Two Subtypes of Sporadic VHL-Deficient Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma
Authors: John D. Gordan, Priti Lal, Vijay R. Dondeti, Richard Letrero, Krishna N. Parekh, C. Elisa Oquendo, Roger A. Greenberg, Keith T. Flaherty, W. Kimryn Rathmell, Brian Keith, M. Celeste Simon, Katherine L. Nathanson
Journal: Cancer Cell (2008)
871 AN UNKNOWN TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR UP-REGULATED BY ESTROGEN MAY BE INVOLVED IN SEXUAL DIFFERENCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN HCV-INFECTED PATIENTS THROUGH OSTEOPONTIN EXPRESSION
Authors: K. Hamaoka, S. Nagoshi, K. Sugawara, M. Inao, K. Naiki, N. Nakayama, K. Fujiwara, S. Mochida
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
THE PERNICIOUS OR HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA OF PREGNANCY
Authors: V. C. ROWLAND
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The pernicious or hemolytic anemia of pregnancy is a special form of severe anemia occurring during the latter months of pregnancy and the puerperium. It closely resembles the ordinary form of pernicious anemia in its hematologic and clinical features, but differs radically in its prognosis. Although the mortality is high in the initial attack, if this is survived, the condition does not recur. Osler, in one of his last publications, stated that these anemias of pregnancy have not had the study they deserve. He reported a group of cases, in which one patient remained in good health for thirty years following the attack. Some patients have even gone through subsequent pregnancies without a recurrence of the anemia.  The condition is insidious in onset and apparently related to the physiologic anemia in the early months of pregnancy. It progresses during the latter months of pregnancy and may be of quite high
Case of Delirium, Successfully Treated with Sedatives
Authors: E. Copeman
Journal: BMJ (1847)

CASS OF DIELIRIUM._01 ,ulceration,-to local inflammatory action,-Wt oUogF&.tion,-and would differ little, but in strength or rapidity, from any other cause, such as dissipatiod, intemper.ance, or deprared habits, which also exhaust the system, and give rise to effects similar, but generally less in degree, than does this powerful medicine.I have now brought these imperfect observations to a close, and shall make no apology for them beyond this, that it is probable, bad it uot been for the kin,d invitation of your Society, and for the favourable reception it was pleased to give me on a former occasion, that they would have remained the inmatei of my own thoughts, as I should not have dared to give them to the medical wortd, unless years of exp'e- rience had proved the frequency and the truth of the facts.
Women and Specialties
Authors: Warren H. Pearse
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor.—  The article by Dr Allen1addresses an important issue. However, the data analyses as reported in Tables 1 and 3 of the article are based on a fallacy—that all physicians who list themselves in the American Medical Association's Physician Masterfile as practicing a certain specialty become eligible to join the major medical specialty society in that field.  In obstetrics and gynecology, as in many other specialties, to be a fellow of The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists requires certification by the specialty board and to be a junior fellow requires involvement in a residency program accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education or maintaining active-candidate board status after residency. Our own manpower studies over the years have identified a minimum of 10% of all obstetrics and gynecology physicians listed in the American Medical Association's Physician Masterfile as failing to meet these criteria.
ASMase is required for chronic alcohol induced hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial cholesterol loading
Authors: Anna Fernandez, Núria Matias, Raquel Fucho, Vicente Ribas, Claudia Von Montfort, Natalia Nuño, Anna Baulies, Laura Martinez, Núria Tarrats, Montserrat Mari, Anna Colell, Albert Morales, Laurent Dubuquoy, Philippe Mathurin, Ramón Bataller, Joan Caballeria, Montserrat Elena, Jesus Balsinde, Neil Kaplowitz, Carmen Garcia-Ruiz, Jose C. Fernandez-Checa
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Delineating MEIS1 cis-regulatory elements active in hematopoietic cells
Authors: P Xiang, W Wei, C Lo, P Rosten, J Hou, P A Hoodless, M Bilenky, C Bonifer, P N Cockerill, A Kirkpatrick, B Gottgens, M Hirst, K R Humphries
Journal: Leukemia (2013)
Alzheimer's Society replies to Iain Chalmers
Authors: Neil Hunt
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The question of who should have access to Alzheimer's drugs has sparked a heated debate on the way the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) decides whether treatments are cost effective. Sir Iain Chalmers attacked the Alzheimer's Society ( BMJ 2007;335:400 doi: 10.1136/bmj.39309.704016.BD) for our legal challenge against the NICE guidance on Alzheimer's drugs. He alleges that we formed an alliance with pharmaceutical companies to the detriment of people affected by dementia and challenges us to be transparent about our commercial relationships.

I wonder why supposedly informed commentators cannot conceive that our actions might be genuinely informed by the views of our members. Earlier this year, I met with NICE chairman Sir Michael Rawlins to challenge his apparent view that commercial interests were driving the campaigning agenda of the society. Now another associate of NICE repeats these tired allegations. We are an independent organisation. Funding is a massive challenge for us, of course. But it is a fundamental principle that we speak and act on the basis of our own knowledge—however inconvenient that may be for those …
Outgrowing IRAK-4
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

![Graphic][1] 

Human dendritic cells that lack IRAK-4 (gray bars) do not produce inflammatory cytokines in response to most TLR signals. Humans outgrow their need for a TLR-activated kinase, according to a new study by Ku et al. (page 

[2407][2]). The kinase helps protect young
THE PROTECTIVE ACTION OF TYPE I ANTIPNEUMOCOCCUS SERUM IN MICE
Authors: Kenneth Goodner, D. K. Miller
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1935)

The power of specific antipneumococcus serum to protect mice against infection with Type I Pneumococcus has been studied with reference to the capacity of the animal to utilize the specific antibodies. With a single strain of mice it was found that smaller animals and those with large numbers of white cells in the peritoneal cavity are much better able to utilize the passively conferred immune principles. These two intrinsic factors were resolved into a single element; namely, the number of monocytes in the peritoneal cavity at the time of injection of culture and serum. The interrelation of the extrinsic and intrinsic factors participating in the process of protection have been discussed.
Seasonal pattern of acute bronchitis in general practice in the United Kingdom 1976-83.
Authors: J G Ayres
Journal: Thorax (1986)

Weekly returns from the Royal College of General Practitioners research unit for acute respiratory illnesses in general practice in the United Kingdom show appreciable variation in attack rates for acute bronchitis, from a peak in January to a trough in August. In 1983, for example, it varied from 171.4 per 100 000 to 34.5 per 100 000. This pattern is identical for all years from 1976 to 1983. Attack rates are highest in the extremes of life and lowest in the 15-44 age group. As many cases of asthma are misdiagnosed as acute bronchitis, further analysis of these data will be difficult until the exact diagnostic criteria for acute bronchitis used by these general practitioners are established.
Neurologist fails to quash GMC findings of research dishonesty
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The former head of the multiple sclerosis research clinic at Guy’s Hospital in London has failed in a High Court bid to quash findings of research dishonesty by the General Medical Council.

The court ruled that a GMC panel was entitled to conclude from the evidence that the consultant neurologist Mohammad Sharief was dishonest in including patients in clinical trials who failed to fit the criteria for inclusion, and in asking a research nurse to sign an internal King’s College London grant form in his name.

But the judge, Thayne Forbes, quashed a finding of fact by the panel that Dr Sharief had forged …
THE BACTERIOLOGY OF THE INTESTINAL TRACT OF YOUNG CALVES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE EARLY DIARRHEA ("SCOURS")
Authors: Theobald Smith, Marion L. Orcutt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1925)

New-born calves receiving no colostrum, or else receiving it after some delay, may die of Bacillus coli septicemia, of which scours is a local manifestation. Calves receiving an insufficiently protective dose of colostrum may become victims of various bacterial diseases such as arthritis, nephritis, omphalitis, and possibly pneumonia. Calves receiving a sufficient dose of colostrum may still develop scours of various degrees of severity due to the local multiplication of various types of Bacillus coli in the small intestine. There exists in the young calf a delicate balance between certain strains of Bacillus coli and the mucous membrane and digestive ferments, which, upset in favor of Bacillus coli, produces scours. The necessary conditions for such attacks are in part inherited defects of the digestive tract, both morphological and functional, and special types of Bacillus coli, resident in the herd and environment. The immediate indications are a great increase in the number of Bacillus coli in the lowest third of the small intestine with a spreading of the invasion towards the duodenum as the disease gains headway. Under these conditions a general intoxication results. The bacilli form layers or films attached to the top plates of the epithelial cells. At this time morphological changes in the cells are not yet recognizable. The vacuolar or hydropic condition frequently found antedates the bacterial invasion and may be present in the absence of bacteria. In mild or recovered cases, during the 1st week a fatty infiltration of the epithelium is not infrequently present. In a large number of clinically normal calves, from 1 day to 3 months of age, Gram-negative bacilli were not present in sufficient numbers to be detected in sections, although enriched cultures, when attempted, revealed them.
PROFOUND TOXEMIA AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF NEODIARSENOL (A BRAND OF NEO-ARSPHENAMIN)
Authors: J. W. MILLER
Journal: JAMA (1918)

That the administration of the various brands of arsphenamin and neo-arsphenamin are not free from danger is shown by this case: <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> A chemist, aged 26, who presented himself for examination and treatment, Dec. 5, 1917, had been exposed to infection eight weeks before. On the appearance of a lesion he reported promptly to his physician, who recognized a syphilitic chancre on the corona glandis. The patient appeared to be in excellent physical condition. The site of the chancre was markedly indurated, and a faint macular eruption covered the shoulders and abdomen. There was general adenopathy, and a positive Wassermann reaction. He received 0.6 gm. of neodiarsenol with absolutely no reaction. One week later, December 12, he reported for a second injection; the site of the chancre showed less induration, and the macular eruption had entirely disappeared; 0.75 gm. of neodiarsenol in 15 c.c. of freshly distilled sterile