tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Some Aspects of Haemoglobin Biosynthesis and Their Importance to Medicine
Authors: C. Rimington
Journal: BMJ (1958)

Until recently our knowledge of the synthesis of haemoglobin in the body was so scanty that it could be summarized in a few lines.The site of haemoglobin forma- tion in the adult was known to be the red bone-marrow, and haemoglobin could be observed to occur at a certain stage in the development of the cell destined ultimately to become a circulating erythrocyte.In foetal life, or under great stress, other organs, such as the liver, were capable of showing haemopoietic activity.Certain perturbations of haemoglobin biosynthesis were also known and understood to a greater or lesser degree.Thus, simple iron deficiency resulted in an anaemia of
Opposition to the Icelandic database is based on false information
Authors: G. Ragnarsson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Intranasal corticosteroids in allergic rhinitis Paper did not include all data on adverse effectsEditor-Weiner et al conclude that "results from [their] systematic review, together with data on safety and cost effectiveness, support the use of intranasal corticosteroids over oral antihistamines as first line treatment for allergic rhinitis." 1 They also state that "intranasal corticosteroids are considered safe [and] studies have failed to show significant effects on serum markers of bone metabolism and short term bone growth," referring to two studies, those by Martinati et al and Wolthers et al.They make no reference to two more recent studies, both of a larger number of subjects over longer periods, which established a significant reduction in paediatric bone growth. 2 3The issue of adverse effects was also addressed in a report by the Committee on Safety of Medicines and Medicines Control Agency, which concluded that intranasal corticosteroids can cause "clinically important systemic adverse effects at licensed doses." 4 The United Kingdom datasheet for Beconase aqueous nasal spray (beclomethasone dipropionate) recognises the potential for children to develop growth retardation at licensed doses and the need to refer patients to paediatric specialists while they are being prescribed intranasal corticosteroids (Allen and Hanburys, Sept 1998).I question the omission of such key data from Weiner et al's systematic review; it may well tip the risk:benefit ratio away from the use of intranasal corticosteroids in children and, hence, affect the validity of the review's conclusions.
The cutaneous cellular infiltrate to stingray envenomization contains increased TIA+ cells
Authors: M. Germain, K.J. Smith, H. Skelton
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Stingrays result in approximately 2000 stings annually in the U.S.A., and thus are one of the most important venomous marine animals. After envenomization, there is immediate, intense pain with subsequent oedema, cyanosis followed by local erythema and petechiae. Progressive local necrosis and ulceration is variable, sometimes leading to gangrene. To characterize the inflammatory infiltrate at the site of a stingray injury, we examined tissue obtained approximately 4 days after stingray envenomization. Routine histology and immunohistochemical stains for lymphoid markers, including CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, KP‐1 and TIA were performed, and demonstrated a central area of haemorrhagic necrosis with a surrounding infiltrate of lymphoid cells and eosinophils. Approximately one‐third of the mononuclear cells were TIA+, and these cells appeared mainly to correspond to the cells which were CD3+ and CD4+. The inflammatory cells, including the lymphoid populations, suggest that an immunological reaction may contribute to the delayed healing of stingray injuries.
Role of local immunosuppression in murine fetoplacental listeriosis.
Authors: R W Redline, C Y Lu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

Recent evidence suggests that local immunoregulation may prevent rejection of the placenta by the mother. This local immunoregulation may also compromise the response to placental infection. Listeria monocytogenes infection in 121 pregnant mice and 1,050 fetoplacental units was examined and the kinetics of bacterial growth in various maternal and fetal tissues were determined. A subset of pregnant mice developed overwhelming placental listeria infections. Pregnancy did not impair the maternal immune response in the liver and spleen. Pregnant mice without placental infection had numbers of listeria equivalent to nonpregnant controls and mice immunized during pregnancy had significantly less listeria than nonimmunized controls. The secondary response in immunized pregnant mice had no effect on the development of placental infection and the histologic features of placental infection were distinct from those in other organs. Our data suggest that an ineffective local immune response may contribute to the pathogenicity of listeria for the placenta.
Escherichia coli Resistant to Fluoroquinolones in Patients with Cancer and Neutropenia
Authors: Alain Cometta, Thierry Calandra, Jacques Bille, Michel Pierre Glauser
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1994)

To the Editor: Fluoroquinolones have been shown to decrease the frequency of gram-negative infections in patients with neutropenia1,2. Although fluoroquinolone-resistant mutations seem to occur at low rates in Enterobacteriaceae,3 overuse of these antibiotics may result in the emergence of resistant organisms4. We report the occurrence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli bacteremia in patients with cancer and neutropenia. In trials performed between 1983 and 1993 by the International Antimicrobial Therapy Cooperative Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, the proportion of patients with cancer and neutropenia who received prophylaxis with fluoroquinolones increased from 1.4 percent . . .
Rhabdomyoma of the Heart
Authors: Robert Golding, George Reed
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

RHABDOMYOMA is reported to be the most common space-occupying mass or tumor of the heart in the pediatric age group.1 Tuberous sclerosis of the brain is the most frequently associated lesion, noted in approximately 50 per cent of the reported cases.2 3 4 5 Two unusual cases recently encountered at this hospital were diagnosed as rhabdomyoma of the heart. This paper will present the probable significance of the combination of cardiac and neurologic findings in children that might otherwise not be diagnosed as tuberous sclerosis.Case ReportsCase 1. A girl born on December 11, 1964, had a precordial systolic murmur at 3 . . .
Task Force IV: Scientific responsibility and integrity in medical research
Authors: Peter L. Frommer, John Ross, John A. Benson, William F. Friedman, Gottlieb C. Friesinger, Sidney Goldstein, Edward J. Huth, Robert J. Levine, Thomas E. Malone, Joseph A. Quash, Laurence R. Tancredi, Myron L. Weisfeldt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1990)
72 TARGETED DELIVERY OF ANTI-VIRAL CYTOKINE TO HBVINFECTED CELLS USING T CELL RECEPTOR-LIKE ANTIBODIES
Authors: C. Ji, S. Seetharama, T. Tang, T.C. Tei, G. Tiefenthaler, U. Lopatin, S. Sankuratri, H. Ma, D. Theo, P. Kennedy, S. Ries, K. Klumpp, P. Macary, E. Kopetzki, A. Bertoletti
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
THE ACTION OF SODIUM SALICYLATE UPON THE FORMATION OF IMMUNE BODIES
Authors: Homer F. Swift
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1922)

1. Rabbits treated with sodium salicylate in daily doses of from 0.16 to 0.2 gm. per kilo of body weight and at the same time immunized with intravenous injections of Streptococcus viridans, both living and in the form of vaccines, and also with washed sheep red blood cells, showed diminished complement-fixing antibodies, agglutinins, and hemolysins when compared with controls similarly immunized. 2. If the antigens were treated with sodium salicylate in vitro and subsequently injected intravenously into rabbits, the animals usually showed lower antibody curves than did rabbits that received the untreated antigen intravenously and sodium salicylate by stomach tube. 3. The beneficial effect of sodium salicylate in rheumatic fever patients probably cannot be attributed to an increased production of circulating immune bodies against the infectious agent. This is, however, no contraindication to the administration of salicylates to patients suffering from infectious diseases.
The cAMP response element binding protein is expressed and phosphorylated in cardiac myocytes.
Authors: P H Goldspink, B Russell
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

Cardiac cells grow in response to a number of stimuli that activate intracellular signaling pathways. The cAMP-signaling pathway mediates the activation of gene transcription in other cell types by the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB-P). Our aim was to explore the physiological role of CREB-P in response to elevated cAMP in cardiac cells by determining if phosphorylation of CREB-P (to phosphoCREB-P) rapidly induces transcription in culture. Primary embryonic chick heart cultures were used in which cAMP was raised by forskolin (5 mumol/L) or isoproterenol (10 mumol/L) treatment. Since both these agents have inotropic effects, tension production was controlled with 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM). This allowed us to determine whether the cAMP-signaling pathway or the contractile state was regulating phosphorylation and transcription. The responses for time periods up to 2 hours were assayed with antibodies to detect phosphoCREB-P and by quantitative filter hybridization for creb gene expression. The staining intensity of the phosphoprotein increased in myocyte nuclei after 10 minutes and persisted for 1 hour with either forskolin or isoproterenol treatment. An increase in creb mRNA abundance was also detected, with the maximum level of expression being at 1 hour with forskolin treatment. These changes are independent of the contractile state, because BDM itself caused no change. BDM plus forskolin induced the same pattern of creb expression as observed with forskolin alone. Therefore, we conclude that elevation of cAMP leads to phosphorylation of CREB-P and an increase in creb mRNA abundance.
The Molecular Biology of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Barry D. Nelkin
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is an important human cancer for the study of molecular abnormalities that underlie initiation of neoplasia and subsequent cellular changes during tumor progression. This tumor can occur in different inherited forms, each mediated by autosomal dominant genetic events. Germline abnormalities on chromosome 10 are linked to at least one type of genetic MTC, multiple endocrine neoplasia type II. Our studies of chromosome 10 in DNA from MTC tumors failed to detect frequent loss of polymorphic DNA markers, suggesting that the genetic mechanisms involved in MTC development may be different from those for other inherited cancers such as retinoblastoma. During tumor progression of MTC, abnormalities develop in expression of the mature phenotype of the endocrine cell from which the tumor arises. In cell culture, chemical modulation or gene insertion can lead to partial correction of these defects in differentiation capacity by activating cellular signaling processes. These studies offer opportunities to dissect the molecular events that regulate endocrine cell differentiation, to determine the precise abnormalities that may underlie the initiation and tumor progression events in MTC and related cancers, and, thereby, to identify new targets for therapeutic intervention.
A unique proteomic profile on surface IgM ligation in unmutated chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Aurore Perrot, Cédric Pionneau, Sophie Nadaud, Frédéric Davi, Véronique Leblond, Frédéric Jacob, Hélène Merle-Béral, Raoul Herbrecht, Marie-Christine Béné, John G. Gribben, Seiamak Bahram, Laurent Vallat
Journal: Blood (2011)
CAT Scanners and Pheos: Diagnostic and Policy Issues
Authors: Richard H. Egdahl
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

A REPORT by Stewart et al. in this issue of the Journal suggests that pheochromocytomas can effectively be localized by computerized axial tomographic (CAT) scanning. This commentary views that finding from the dual perspective of the endocrine surgeon's need for accurate preoperative localization of the adrenal medullary tumor and the health-policy analyst's special interest in the introduction, and financing, of new technologic advances in medicine.Patients with the clinical symptoms and chemical findings of pheochromocytoma are often referred for radiologic localization at about the same time that the surgeon becomes involved in consultation. Elective adrenal arteriography has proved to be . . .
Stakeholder Validation of a Model of Readiness for Transition to Adult Care
Authors: Lisa A. Schwartz, Lauren D. Brumley, Lisa K. Tuchman, Lamia P. Barakat, Wendy L. Hobbie, Jill P. Ginsberg, Lauren C. Daniel, Anne E. Kazak, Katherine Bevans, Janet A. Deatrick
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

That too few youth with special health care needs make the transition to adult-oriented health care successfully may be due, in part, to lack of readiness to transfer care. There is a lack of theoretical models to guide development and implementation of evidence-based guidelines, assessments, and interventions to improve transition readiness.To further validate the Social-ecological Model of Adolescent and Young Adult Readiness to Transition (SMART) via feedback from stakeholders (patients, parents, and providers) from a medically diverse population in need of life-long follow-up care, survivors of childhood cancer.Mixed-methods participatory research design.A large Mid-Atlantic children's hospital.Adolescent and young adult survivors of childhood cancer (n = 14), parents (n = 18), and pediatric providers (n = 10).Patients and parents participated in focus groups; providers participated in individual semi-structured interviews.Validity of SMART was assessed 3 ways: (1) ratings on importance of SMART components for transition readiness using a 5-point scale (0-4; ratings >2 support validity), (2) nominations of 3 "most important" components, and (3) directed content analysis of focus group/interview transcripts.Qualitative data supported the validity of SMART, with minor modifications to definitions of components. Quantitative ratings met criteria for validity; stakeholders endorsed all components of SMART as important for transition. No additional SMART variables were suggested by stakeholders and the "most important" components varied by stakeholders, thus supporting the comprehensiveness of SMART and need to involve multiple perspectives.SMART represents a comprehensive and empirically validated framework for transition research and program planning, supported by survivors of childhood cancer, parents, and pediatric providers. Future research should validate SMART among other populations with special health care needs.
Routine telephone review of asthma: Measurement of quality dimensions causes concern
Authors: T. Huynh
Journal: BMJ (2003)

EDITOR—The study by Pinnock et al on routine telephone review of asthma can be considered from the perspective of performance on the quality dimensions of appropriateness, accessibility, efficiency, safety, effectiveness, and acceptability.1–3 This study indicated that, without clinical disadvantage or loss of satisfaction, telephone consultations provided an efficient option …
Hypogonadism After Microwave Radiation
Authors: David S. Rosenthal
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Microwave radiation emanating from radar and other communications equipment may cause corneal cataracts and testicular damage. A 31-year-old man was repeatedly exposed at close range to high-powered microwave emission over a four-year period. Testicular biopsy revealed tubular atrophy with focal necrosis and interstitial edema. Hypospermia continued for a period of at least a year after the patient's last exposure.
Characteristics of Wavefront Propagation in Reentrant Circuits Causing Human Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Anthony W.C. Chow, Richard J. Schilling, D. Wyn Davies, Nicholas S. Peters
Journal: Circulation (2002)

We investigated the relationship between wavefront curvature and slowing of conduction both within and outside the diastolic pathway of circuits causing ventricular tachycardia (VT) in the infarcted human heart.Propagation was determined around the reentrant circuits of 11 VT (cycle length, 348+/-75 ms) in 8 patients undergoing high-resolution noncontact mapping. The diastolic pathway had a mean wavefront velocity of 0.82+/-0.49 m/s and occupied 68+/-7% of VT cycle length. Significant changes (>5 degrees/mm) in trajectory of propagation occurred in 8 diastolic pathway segments (10.1+/-3 degrees/mm) in which wavefront propagation slowed to 0.41+/-0.11 m/s compared with the segments immediately preceding (0.91+/-0.16 m/s, P< 0.05) and following (1.07+/-0.33, P<0.05) the change in trajectory. At the turning points of entry (9.3+/-3.9 degrees/mm) and exit (9.0+/-4.8 degrees/mm) of the diastolic pathway propagation, velocity slowed at entry from 1.23+/-0.4 to 0.6+/-0.26 ms (P<0.001) and was more rapid at exit turning points (0.8+/-0.25 m/s) (P<0.05). There was an inverse relationship between wavefront curvature and velocity, both within and outside the diastolic pathway (r=0.46, P=0.0001), and VT cycle length correlated with total curvature multiplied by length of the diastolic pathway (P< 0.01).Slowing of propagation in circuits causing VT in the infarcted human heart occurs over regions of wavefront turning, with an inverse relationship between wavefront curvature and velocity, both within and outside the diastolic pathway. Conduction is slower at entry than exit turning points of the diastolic pathway but is slowest during turns within the diastolic pathway.
VII. the Therapy of Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Ronald A. Arky, David Hurwitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1966)

THE many changes that result from the deficiency of insulin affect all aspects of intermediary metabolism. Without the regulatory action of insulin peripheral underutilization and hepatic overproduction of glucose result in severe hyperglycemia, with a subsequent osmotic diuresis, dehydration and substantial depletion of electrolytes. Concomitantly, profound protein catabolism accounts for drastic nitrogen loss as well as an enhanced amino acid pool from which heightened gluconeogenesis proceeds. Without the restraint on lipolysis afforded by insulin, adipose stores are drastically reduced, resulting in elevated plasma levels of glycerol and free fatty acids. Oxidation of the latter substrate expands the hepatic pool of . . .
Oral and intravenous rehydration therapy: Authors' reply
Authors: A. Mackenzie, G. Barnes, F. Shann
Journal: BMJ (1991)

enteritis."'The authors detail the oral therapy they used in terms of mmoUl.Mans! vears ago I was taught that the best oral rehydration solution was one that was made up of eight tablespoons of sugar and half a teaspoon of salt in one litre of water.Three glasses of this mixture were to be given after each stool.Does this simple, plain, and uncomplicated oral mixture, which could be understood by anyone, correspond to the glucose-electrolyte solution, measured in mmol/l, mentioned in the article?
Polymyxin Inhalation Therapeutic Hazard
Authors: GERALD MARSCHKE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Letters and Comments1 January 1971Polymyxin Inhalation Therapeutic HazardGERALD MARSCHKE, M.D., ARTHUR SARAUW, M.D.GERALD MARSCHKE, M.D., ARTHUR SARAUW, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-1-144 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Pseudomonas infection in the chronic pulmonary patient is difficult to treat. Attempting to concentrate the antibiotic at the infection site, we have given polymyxin B sulfate by aerosol, with little therapeutic success. Moreover, two patients developed respiratory distress, and their cases are the basis of this report.Patient L.M., a 51-year-old woman with bronchiectasis, entered the hospital 16 February 1965 because of cough, breathlessness, and purulent sputum. Despite treatment with several antibiotics, including injected polymyxin B,Pseudomonas aeruginosapersisted in her sputum. Inhalation therapy, consisting of isoproterenol solution administered with a De Vilbiss nebulizer and an air...References1. LINDESMITH L, BAINES R, and BIGELOW D: Reversible respiratory paralysis associated with polymyxin therapy. Ann Intern Med 68:318-327, 1968 LinkGoogle Scholar2. SHELDON H, LOVELL R, and MATHEWS K: A Manual of Clinical Allergy. Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Co., 1970, p. 1 Google Scholar3. : Personal communication Google Scholar4. BEALL G: Uticaria, a review of laboratory and clinical observations. Medicine (Balt) 43:131-151, 1964 MedlineGoogle Scholar5. AVIADO D: Physiology and Pharmacology, Vol. I of The Lung Circulation. Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1965, pp. 256-258 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: GERALD MARSCHKE, M.D.; ARTHUR SARAUW, M.D.Affiliations: Department of Respiratory Diseases City of Hope National Medical Center 1500 E. Duarte Rd. Duarte, Calif. 91010 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byRescuing the Last-Line Polymyxins: Achievements and ChallengesPharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of colistin and polymyxin B: are we there yet?Inhaled Antibiotics for Gram-Negative Respiratory InfectionsInhaled Anti-infective Agents: Emphasis on ColistinColistin and rifampicin in the treatment of nosocomial infections from multiresistant Acinetobacter baumanniiOther AntibioticsPolymyxin B, Colistin, and Sodium ColistimethateThe Spectrum of Drug-Induced Pulmonary DiseaseE. C. ROSENOW III, M.D., F.A.C.P.Infectious diseases: annual review of significant publications 1 January 1971Volume 74, Issue 1Page: 144-145KeywordsAntibioticsDyspneaInhalationIsoproterenolPolymyxinsPseudomonas aeruginosaPseudomonas infectionsPulmonary diseasesSputumSulfates ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 January 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
Mortality of first world war military personnel: comparison of two military cohorts
Authors: N. Wilson, C. Clement, J. A. Summers, J. Bannister, G. Harper
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Objective To identify the impact of the first world war on the lifespan of participating military personnel (including in veterans who survived the war). Design Comparison of two cohorts of military personnel, followed to death. Setting Military personnel leaving New Zealand to participate in the first world war. Participants From a dataset of the New Zealand Expeditionary Forces, we randomly selected participants who embarked on troopships in 1914 and a comparison non-combat cohort who departed on troopships in late 1918 (350 in each group). Main outcome measures Lifespan based on dates of birth and death from a range of sources (such as individual military files and an official database of birth and death records). Results A quarter of the 1914 cohort died during the war, with deaths from injury predominating (94%) over deaths from disease (6%). This cohort had a significantly shorter lifespan than the late 1918 “non-combat” cohort, with median ages of death being 65.9 versus 74.2, respectively (a difference of 8.3 years shown also in Kaplan-Meier survival curves, log rank P<0.001). The difference for the lifespan of veterans in the postwar period was more modest, with median ages of death being 72.6 versus 74.3, respectively (a difference of 1.7 years, log rank P=0.043). There was no evidence for differences between the cohorts in terms of occupational class, based on occupation at enlistment. Conclusions Military personnel going to the first world war in 1914 from New Zealand lost around eight years of life (relative to a comparable military cohort). In the postwar period they continued to have an increased risk of premature death.