tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4701: Cancer-specific genomic rearrangements used to quantify disease burden in plasma from patients with colorectal cancer.
Authors: Lone V. Schøler, Rune Thomsen, Heidi Tobiasen, Søren Vang, Hans Jørgen Nielsen, Søren Laurberg, Torben F. Ørntoft, Claus L. Andersen
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Tumor-specific chromosomal rearrangements have the potential to serve as highly sensitive biomarkers for tumor detection. Such alterations are not present in normal cells and should be exquisitely specific. It is well recognized that some colorectal cancers (CRC) release small amounts of DNA into plasma. Accordingly, sensitive and specific assays targeting these tumor-specific rearrangements should enable quantification of changes in disease burden if applied to serial plasma samples. Here we report the establishment of efficient procedures for 1) identification of tumor-specific genomic rearrangements, 2) development of sensitive and specific assays to these, 3) quantification of these rearrangements in plasma, and 4) results from applying these procedures to quantify disease burden in serial plasma samples from CRC patients. The tumor-specific genomic rearrangements were identified using a combination of next generation paired-end sequencing of large-insert libraries and SNP array based DNA copy number analysis. Nested real-time PCR assays targeting the rearrangements were applied to plasma samples in order to quantify disease burden. Initially the approach was tested using the CRC cell line SW620 as a tumor model, and serial dilutions of SW620 DNA and normal human plasma DNA as models of patient plasma. Multiple cell line specific rearrangements were identified and nested real-time PCR analysis of these in the serial dilutions revealed an excellent linearity, recovery across three log scales. Also the sensitivity was very good. As little as 6.4 pg cell line DNA could be detected in a background 20 ng of normal plasma DNA, corresponding to DNA from 1-2 tumor cells circulating in 2 ml plasma. We are currently in the process of analyzing 25 CRC patients from which we have more than three years of follow-up and serial plasma samples collected every third month, starting the day before surgery and until month 36. The results from these analyses will be presented. In conclusion: We have shown that the combination of large insert paired end sequencing and copy number analysis readily identifies multiple tumor-specific rearrangements that can be targeted by sensitive and specific nested real-time PCR assays to quantify disease burden in plasma samples. Citation Format: Lone V. Schøler, Rune Thomsen, Heidi Tobiasen, Søren Vang, Hans Jørgen Nielsen, Søren Laurberg, Torben F. Ørntoft, Claus L. Andersen. Cancer-specific genomic rearrangements used to quantify disease burden in plasma from patients with colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4701. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4701
THE CLINICAL DIFFERENTIATION OF SENILE AND ARTERIOSCLEROTIC PSYCHOSES
Authors: D. ROTHSCHILD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1941)

The clinical diagnosis of senile and arteriosclerotic psychoses is discussed on the basis of observations in 60 anatomically verified cases. Senile psychoses tend to occur at a later age and are apt to last longer than arteriosclerotic psychoses. In the former the course was gradually progressive; in the latter a sudden onset was common and the illness was sometimes brief and stormy. As a rule, intellectual impairment was more pronounced in senile conditions. Acute states of confusion were typical of arteriosclerotic psychoses. Unless their manner of development is known, they cannot always be distinguished from the chronic confused states associated with senile psychoses. Depressive and hypochondriacal-like symptoms were often noted in arteriosclerotic disease; they were seldom a prominent feature of senile disorders. Marked fluctuations in the severity of the intellectual disturbances were common in the former but did not occur in the latter. Paranoid forms of senile psychosis resembled arteriosclerotic psychoses in that the intellectual functions were usually relatively well preserved, but outspoken and chronic paranoid syndromes were not encountered in arteriosclerotic disease. Headache, dizziness and apoplectiform phenomena were observed in a considerable number of arteriosclerotic patients, though as a rule permanent neurologic changes did not occur early in the illness. Other characteristic features of this group were syncopal attacks, convulsive seizures, explosive emotional outbursts and clinical indications of cardiac disturbances. Peripheral (radial) sclerosis was noted with equal frequency in the two psychoses. Hypertension was almost as common in senile patients as in arteriosclerotic patients. Anatomically pure forms of senile or arteriosclerotic disease occurred less often than mixtures of the two processes, but clinical pictures of a mixed nature were not nearly as frequent as might be anticipated from the anatomic findings. The mistakes in diagnosis uncovered by anatomic examination are discussed. A diagnosis of senile or arteriosclerotic disease, especially the latter, is made in too many rather than in too few cases. Toxic or symptomatic psychoses are a common source of error.
HLA system affects the age‐at‐onset in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Fatma Savran Oguz, Sevgi Kalayoglu, A. Sarper Diler, Hilmi Tozkir, Deniz Sargin, Mahmut Carin, M. Tevfik Dorak
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) occurs from childhood to old age. The adult form is characterized by the presence of Philadelphia chromosome resulting from bcr/abl translocation. The BCR-ABL fusion proteins are immunogenic, and the junctional sequences show unique HLA class I and class II restriction patterns in vitro. A previous study in the west of Scotland showed an influence of several HLA genotypes on the age-at-onset of CML. In the present study, we examined the HLA-A, -B, and -DRB1/3/4/5 allele and haplotype distributions in Turkish CML patients diagnosed in a single center where they are routinely HLA-typed by PCR-SSP analysis as a preparation for stem cell transplantation. The patients were 169 subjects of age 17-60 years. The older patients were not HLA typed and missing from the study group. The age-matched control group (n = 213) was healthy blood donors from the same geographical area. HLA-B*37 showed a risk association with CML [P = 0.02; odds ratio (OR) = 5.35]. The DRB1*10 association at similar magnitude was due to its linkage disequilibrium (LD) with B*37. HLA-B*35 and DRB1*11 showed independent protective effects (P = 0.007 and 0.017; OR = 0.54 and 0.60, respectively). The protective association of DRB1*11 may be due to its involvement in the presentation of the common (b3a2) fusion gene. HLA-B*14 and DRB1*01 showed strong LD, and all 5 patients who were positive for the presumed haplotype B*14-DRB1*01 were of age 43 years old or older (P = 0.003), suggesting a delay effect. We also examined the influence of homozygosity for DRB3 (DR52) and DRB4 (DR53) haplotypes on susceptibility. As previously shown in CML and CLL, DRB4 homozygosity was a risk marker (P = 0.01; OR = 3.36), and DRB3 homozygosity was protective (P = 0.007; OR = 0.51). Despite the lack of elderly patients in the study group, the opposite accelerating (DRB4) and delaying (DRB3) effects of homozygous genotypes on the age-at-onset were evident. Besides replicating previously found associations in a different population, this study also suggested new, and probably population-specific associations in CML. The mechanisms by which the HLA system modifies susceptibility to CML are unknown, likely to include immune and nonimmune ones, and worthy of further studies.
In vivo myocardial kinetics of air-filled albumin microbubbles during myocardial contrast echocardiography. Comparison with radiolabeled red blood cells.
Authors: A R Jayaweera, N Edwards, W P Glasheen, F S Villanueva, R D Abbott, S Kaul
Journal: Circulation Research (1994)

Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) is a new technique for assessing myocardial perfusion that uses intracoronary injections of microbubbles of air. Because these microbubbles have a mean diameter of 4.3 +/- 0.3 microns and an intravascular rheology similar to that of red blood cells (RBCs), we hypothesized that their mean myocardial transit rates recorded on echocardiography would provide an estimation of regional myocardial blood flow in the in vivo beating heart. Accordingly, blood flow to the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) of 12 open-chest anesthetized dogs (group I) was adjusted to 4 to 6 flows (total of 60 flows), and microbubbles and radiolabeled RBCs were injected into the LAD in a random order at each stage. The mean myocardial RBC transit rates were measured by fitting a gamma-variate function to time-activity plots generated by placing a miniature CsI2 probe over the anterior surface of the heart, and the mean myocardial microbubble transit rates were measured from time-intensity plots derived from off-line analysis of MCE images obtained during the injection of microbubbles. An excellent correlation was noted between flow (measured with an extracorporeal electromagnetic flow probe) and mean myocardial RBC transit rate (y = 2.83 x 10(-3)x + 0.01, r = .96, SEE = 0.02, P < .001). A close correlation was also noted between mean RBC and microbubble myocardial transit rates (y = 1.01x + 0.01, r = .89, SEE = 0.02, P < .001). Despite its theoretical advantages, a lagged normal density function did not provide a better fit to the MCE data than the gamma-variate function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Wilfrid Hocking Parry
Authors: M. Jepson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Former consultant in community medicine (b 1924; q Liverpool 1948; MD, FFCM, DPH), d 23 January 2002.

As principal medical officer to the city and port of Liverpool (1955-61), he had special responsibility for the control of infectious diseases. After posts in Cheshire and Sheffield, he was appointed medical officer of health in Nottingham in 1969. In 1975 he returned to Sheffield as area medical officer, and then consultant in genitourinary medicine, retiring in 1989. He was a lecturer in public health at Liverpool and Sheffield universities and author of Infectious Diseases: An Epidemiological Approach, which ran to three editions. Predeceased by his wife, Theresa, he leaves a daughter, Anne.
A piece of my mind. Pace, pace
Authors: N. G. Smith
Journal: JAMA (1991)

She hadn't the entourage at her deathbed that my father had had. Only me, and I wasn't there at the end. Finally left, stopping on the way home to buy a sandwich, barely sitting down in front of the TV to eat it before the phone rang. "I'm sorry, your mother is dead," the nurse said. Pause. "I think she waited until you'd left." I felt a vast, encompassing wave of relief. It was tinged with regret that I hadn't stayed just a little longer, but mostly there was relief. The whole thing had gone on for so long and I was so tired. Sometimes I felt that maybe I was as tired of it as she, tired of watching her battered by the strokes that nibbled at her faculties, destroying a muscle here, a nerve center there, blurring her speech, the cruel little stroke that sliced her sight, leaving
The haggis tolerance test in Scots and Sassenachs.
Authors: A. G. Fraser, A. Rees, S. Matthews, G. T. Williams
Journal: BMJ (1988)

To find out if the Scottish national dish, haggis, contributes to the high incidence of coronary heart disease in Scotland the lipaemic effect of a meal of 200 g of haggis was measured in six Scottish and 10 Sassenach men. The Scots had higher fasting cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations and a lower proportion of high density lipoprotein cholesterol than the Sassenachs. Four subjects were found to have hyperlipoproteinaemia, which had been unrecognised previously. Serum cholesterol concentrations did not change after haggis was eaten (mean dose 2.6 g/kg body weight). Serum concentrations of triglycerides increased by 51% at 90 minutes in the Sassenachs but were unaltered in the Scots. There were no serious adverse effects. This study shows that Scots have higher lipid concentrations than Sassenachs but seem to be resistant to the lipaemic effect of haggis. The haggis tolerance test may be useful in Sassenachs.
Hypersensitivity to Cimetidine
Authors: P. GARCÍA-ORTEGA
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 December 1982Hypersensitivity to CimetidineP. GARCÍA-ORTEGA, A. CADAHÍAP. GARCÍA-ORTEGASearch for more papers by this author, A. CADAHÍASearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-97-6-930_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We read with great interest the recent report by Sandhu and Requena (1) on hypersensitivity to cimetidine. We believe that, in the patient described by the authors, there has not been documentation sufficient to attribute the clinical symptoms to the cimetidine-type I hypersensitivity; other mechanisms could have been involved.Patients with acute pancreatitis have an increased trypsin concentration in serum (2). Two components of the complement system, C3 and C5, can be split by various proteolytic enzymes, including trypsin (3). As is well known, the end products of this splitting, C3a and C5a have biological activity as...References1. SANDHUREQUENA BR. Hypersensitivity to cimetidine [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:138. LinkGoogle Scholar2. BRANDBORG L. Acute pancreatitis. In: SLEISENGER MH, FORDTRAN JS, eds. Gastrointestinal Disease. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company; 1978:1409-37. Google Scholar3. PLAUTLICHTENSTEIN ML. Cellular and chemical basis of the allergic inflammatory response. In: MIDDLETON EJ, REED CE, eds. Allergy, Principles and Practice. St. Louis: C.V. Mosby Company; 1978:115-38. Google Scholar4. WARINCHAMPION RR. Urticaria. In: SAMTER M, ed. Immunological Diseases. Boston: Little, Brown and Company; 1978:929-40. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Division of Allergy Ciutat Sanitaria Vall d'Hebrón Barcelona Spain PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1982Volume 97, Issue 6Page: 930-930KeywordsAcute pancreatitisAttentionComplement systemEnzymesHypersensitivity Issue Published: 1 December 1982 PDF downloadLoading ...
Beijing conference reviews Kashin-Beck disease
Authors: R. Tomlinson
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Life is hard for Tibetan farmers in the impoverished, remote regions of the Himalayan plateau, and a little understood, disabling osteoarticular disorder-Kashin-Beck disease-is causing even greater economic difficulties for some rural inhabitants. A recent international symposium in Beijing, organised by Medecins Sans Frontiares (MSF) and the Chinese government, brought together expertsfrom various scientific fields to review likely causes of this mysterious disease and plan research for the future.

The disease affects people in a crescent shaped region through Tibet, northern China, Mongolia,Siberia, and North …
Does hepatitis C viremia or genotype predict the risk of mortality in individuals co-infected with HIV?
Authors: Jürgen K. Rockstroh, Lars Peters, Daniel Grint, Vincent Soriano, Peter Reiss, Antonella d’Arminio Monforte, Marek Beniowski, Marcelo H. Losso, Ole Kirk, Bernd Kupfer, Amanda Mocroft
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2013)
Persistent expression of Ia antigen and viral genome in visna-maedi virus-induced inflammatory cells. Possible role of lentivirus-induced interferon.
Authors: P G Kennedy, O Narayan, Z Ghotbi, J Hopkins, H E Gendelman, J E Clements
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1985)

In this study we investigated the pathogenesis of the lymphoproliferative response in the chronic-active visna maedi virus-induced inflammatory lesions. Viral RNA expression was confined to macrophages, but only in tissues showing inflammatory lesions. A persistent and high level of Ia antigen expression was seen in macrophage-like cells in the inflammatory lesions, and the amounts of viral RNA and Ia expression were closely correlated. A small subpopulation of macrophages contained both viral RNA and Ia antigen, and these were found in greatest number in the lung. In vitro experiments showed that a lentivirus-induced interferon (LV-IFN) could induce Ia antigens in normal sheep spleen and lymph node cells as well as in a transformed sheep macrophage cell line. Ia antigen expression in macrophages was transient in the absence of a continuing IFN stimulus and persisted for at least 2 wk in the presence of LV-IFN. LV-IFN also restricted viral replication in macrophages. It is suggested that LV-IFN induced by the inflammatory cells in visna-maedi lesions may induce Ia antigen expression in macrophages, thereby indirectly causing the lymphoproliferative response and restricted virus replication.
Meta-Analysis: Low-Dose Dopamine Increases Urine Output but Does Not Prevent Renal Dysfunction or Death
Authors: Jan O. Friedrich, Neill Adhikari, Margaret S. Herridge, Joseph Beyene
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Background: Surveys have documented the continued popularity of low-dose dopamine to influence renal dysfunction even though few data support it and editorials and reviews have discouraged its use. Purpose: To evaluate the effects of low-dose dopamine (≤5 µg/kg of body weight per minute) compared with placebo or no therapy in patients with or at risk for acute renal failure. Data Sources: MEDLINE (1966–January 2005), EMBASE (1980–week 5, 2005), CANCERLIT (1975–2002), CINAHL (1982–January 2005), and CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library, fourth quarter, 2004); bibliographies of retrieved publications; and additional information from 50 trials. Study Selection: Two reviewers independently selected parallel-group randomized and quasi-randomized, controlled trials of low-dose dopamine versus control. Data Extraction: Study methods, clinical and renal physiologic outcomes, and adverse events (arrhythmias and myocardial, limb, and cutaneous ischemia) were extracted. Data Synthesis: 61 trials that randomly assigned 3359 patients were identified. Meta-analyses using random-effects models showed no effect of low-dose dopamine on mortality (relative risk, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.78 to 1.19]), need for renal replacement therapy (relative risk, 0.93 [CI, 0.76 to 1.15]), or adverse events (relative risk, 1.13 [CI, 0.90 to 1.41]). Low-dose dopamine increased urine output by 24% (CI, 14% to 35%) on day 1. Improvements in serum creatinine level (4% relative decrease [CI, 1% to 7%]) and measured creatinine clearance (6% relative increase [CI, 1% to 11%]) on day 1 were clinically insignificant. There were no significant changes on days 2 and 3 of therapy. Limitations: Statistically significant between-study heterogeneity in physiologic but not clinical outcomes was unexplained by prespecified hypotheses. Conclusion: Low-dose dopamine offers transient improvements in renal physiology, but no good evidence shows that it offers important clinical benefits to patients with or at risk for acute renal failure.
Antepartum haemorrhage and cervical cancer
Authors: J. M Stronge, W. Boyd, M. J Rasmussen
Journal: BMJ (1991)

gastric cancer (per 100000) by sex for 1962-5' and 1978-824 in Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, West Midlands region, and Scotland, standardised to world standard population (all ages) and to truncated world standard population (ages 35-64 only)
The Case Against B.C.G
Authors: A. S. Anderson, L. B. Dickey, M. L. Durfee, S. M. Farber, L. S. Jordan, K. B. Jordan, E. Kupka, H. D. Lees, E. R. Levine, C. A. McKinlay, M. S. Marshall, E. A. Meyerding, J. A. Myers, G. G. Ornstein, S. A. Slater, A. V. Stoesser, H. C. Sweany
Journal: BMJ (1959)
A CENTURY OF BRITISH SURGERY
Authors: D. Power
Journal: BMJ (1932)

MEDICAL JOUIRNAL treatment, for in the earlier part of the nineteenth century bleeding and mercurial salivation had run riot.The main advances in treatment have almost all been comparatively recent and the outcome of laboratory investigation, such as serums, especially diphtheria antitoxin, various vaccines, particularly the prophylactic antityphoid vaccine (Almroth Wright, 1897) used in the South African war, and as " T.A.B." (typhoid and paratyphoid A and B) vaccine in the European war.Insulin (Banting, Best, and Macleod, 1922) has transformed the treatment and outlook of diabetes mellitus.The same result has followed the dietetic treatment, by liver (Minot and Mlurphy, 1927) and gastric mucous membrane, of per- nicious anaemia; the substitution treatment, by thyroid preparations, of myxoedema and cretinism is an outstanding success of organotherapy; and the use of salvarsan pre- parations (1910) in syphilis is a notable example of Ehrlich's chemotherapy.
887-6 Treatment with inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme improves the prognosis of congestive heart failure with preserved systolic function
Authors: Alfonso Varela, Jose Ramón Gonzalez-Juanatey, Lilian Grigorian, Patricia Bassante, Eduardo Barge, Milagros Pedreira, Luis Martinez-Sande, Manuel Angel Bandin, Javier García-Seara, Pilar Mazón, Miguel Gil de la Peña
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Mode of Action of Chemotherapy In Vivo on Human Acute Leukemia. I. DAUNOMYCIN
Authors: Pierre A. Stryckmans, Joseph Manaster, Françoise Lachapelle, Mireille Socqouet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1973)

The leukocytes of 16 adult patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia were studied by autoradiographic methods to elucidate the mode of action of daunomycin. It was shown that daunomycin, at clinically useful doses, exhibits a cytolytic effect on all leukemic blasts whatever their cell-cycle phase. This cytolytic action affects, however, preferentially S-phase cells. It was shown also that blasts of patients less sensitive to daunomycin or receiving a lesser dose of the drug are temporarily blocked in G(2) phase (delayed mitosis) or in G(2) phase (prolonged generation time). Finally daunomycin appeared to hamper the passage of G(2)-blocked blasts from the bone marrow to the blood, while G(2)-phase cells crossed freely.
The Evolution of MicroRNA Pathway Protein Components in Cnidaria
Authors: Yehu Moran, Daniela Praher, David Fredman, Ulrich Technau
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2013)

In the last decade, it became evident that posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression by microRNAs is a central biological process in both plants and animals. Yet, our knowledge about microRNA biogenesis and utilization in animals stems mostly from the study of Bilateria. In this study, we identified genes encoding the protein components of different parts of the microRNA pathway in Cnidaria, the likely sister phylum of Bilateria. These genes originated from three cnidarian lineages (sea anemones, stony corals, and hydras) that are separated by at least 500 My from one another. We studied the expression and phylogeny of the cnidarian homologs of Drosha and Pasha (DGCR8) that compose the microprocessor, the RNAse III enzyme Dicer and its partners, the HEN1 methyltransferase, the Argonaute protein effectors, as well as members of the GW182 protein family. We further reveal that whereas the bilaterian dicer partners Loquacious/TRBP and PACT are absent from Cnidaria, this phylum contains homologs of the double-stranded RNA-binding protein HYL1, the Dicer partner found in plants. We also identified HYL1 homologs in a sponge and a ctenophore. This finding raises questions regarding the independent evolution of the microRNA pathway in plants and animals, and together with the other results shed new light on the evolution of an important regulatory pathway.