tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Expression of eotaxin, interleukin 13 and tumour necrosisfactor‐α in dermatitis herpetiformis
Authors: P. Amerio, R. Verdolini, M. Giangiacomi, G. Proietto, C. Feliciani, A. Offidani, G. Bossi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

The dermal and perivascular infiltrate in dermatitis herpetiformis (DH), which is mainly composed of CD4+ lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils, is believed to play an important part in the pathogenesis of the disease. Previous studies suggest that cytokines such as interleukin (IL) -8, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IL-4 and IL-5 could be involved in the pathogenesis of DH. These cytokines appear to drive tissue infiltration and maturation of eosinophils. Part of the effect of T-helper (Th) 2-type cytokines (IL-4, IL-5) on eosinophils could be mediated by eotaxin, which is a highly specific chemotactic protein induced by various cytokines [IL-4, IL-13, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) -alpha and interferon-gamma].To evaluate the expression of eotaxin and its inducers, IL-13 and TNF-alpha, in DH. METHODS We examined lesions collected from 10 DH patients with active disease. Sections from each specimen were incubated with anti-IL-13, anti-TNF-alpha and anti-eotaxin antibodies. Chloroacetyl esterase reaction was performed to show mast cell infiltration.Eotaxin was mainly expressed at the tips of the dermal papillae, within the microabscesses. Positivity was also found in the lymphomonocytic infiltrate in the dermis. IL-13 was expressed in the dermal infiltrate and TNF-alpha was found in the inflammatory infiltrate and in dermal vascular cells.These findings confirm the importance of the lymphomonocytic infiltrate and of Th2 cytokines in the pathogenesis of this disease, suggesting that tissue infiltration in DH is mediated by cell-specific chemokines such as eotaxin and not only by non-specific chemokines such as IL-8.
Sterilization of Syringes and Needles
Authors: C. Sutherland
Journal: BMJ (1940)

A key cytolytic mediator used by killer lymphocytes, perforin (also known as pore-forming protein or cytolysin), has been shown to be capable of undergoing polymerization to form pores in cell membranes and cause osmotic lysis of target cells. Although perforin has been purified from killer lymphocytes and the coding gene has been cloned and sequenced, information concerning the domain structure of the perforin molecule has remained scarce. To overcome the difficulty in obtaining sufficient amounts of perforin and to further assess the functional relevance of the N-terminal portion of the perforin molecule in its lytic activity, we have attempted in the present study to produce recombinant perforins. Three forms of recombinant mouse perforin, a full-length form and two N-terminal truncated forms, have been expressed in insect (Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9)) cells using recombinant baculovirus. Biochemical and functional characterization showed the purified full-length recombinant perforin to be capable of lysing target cells, inducing Ca2+ influx into target cells, and forming structural pores in target membranes. Significant lytic activities were also detected for the two truncated recombinant perforins lacking, respectively, the N-terminal 21 amino acid residues and 121 amino acid residues. Time course study showed that the latter acted less efficiently than the former. These results suggest the N-terminal portion of the perforin molecule to be an important, but not the only, domain responsible for the lytic function of the perforin molecule.
EU seeks views on patients' rights to care across borders
Authors: Tessa Richards
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The European Commission has launched a consultation paper to clarify the terms and conditions under which citizens of the European Union can get health care in other member states.

Although currently only around 1% of people seek care outside their own countries, numbers are likely to increase. Demand has risen as more people from northern Europe retire to sunnier parts of Europe and as more people commute to work across borders. Budget airlines have also boosted travel.

The aim of the EU health services initiative, which will inform forthcoming draft legislation, is to define what medical services patients have a right to across EU borders and what quality of care they can expect …
Surgeon suspended in transplant row
Authors: A. Tuffs
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Walter Land, the internationally renowned transplant surgeon from Munich University Hospital, Grosshadern, was suspended last week from his position as head of the transplant unit.

Earlier this month Dr Land had left Munich for Abu Dhabi, without permission from the medical director and the dean, to carry out a kidney transplantation in Al-Mafraq Hospital. Furthermore, ethical and legal …
Validation of WHO classification-based Prognostic Scoring System (WPSS) for myelodysplastic syndromes and comparison with the revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R). A study of the International Working Group for Prognosis in Myelodysplasia (IWG-PM)
Authors: M G Della Porta, H Tuechler, L Malcovati, J Schanz, G Sanz, G Garcia-Manero, F Solé, J M Bennett, D Bowen, P Fenaux, F Dreyfus, H Kantarjian, A Kuendgen, A Levis, J Cermak, C Fonatsch, M M Le Beau, M L Slovak, O Krieger, M Luebbert, J Maciejewski, S M M Magalhaes, Y Miyazaki, M Pfeilstöcker, M A Sekeres, W R Sperr, R Stauder, S Tauro, P Valent, T Vallespi, A A van de Loosdrecht, U Germing, D Haase, P L Greenberg, M Cazzola
Journal: Leukemia (2015)
Is an apology called for?
Authors: M. R Bliss
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Dr David Moor had many friends and patients to support him during his trial for murder for providing analgesia for a dying patient in 1997, and most people were relieved by his acquittal. Another general practitioner, however, has been less fortunate.

In 1995 a nurse reported Dr Ken Taylor to the police for refusing to continue to prescribe Fresubin, a nutritional supplement, to an 86 year old woman with terminal cerebrovascular disease, who was being cared for in a nursing home. She was unable to feed normally so the supplement was being squirted into her mouth with a syringe. Her family found this “horrifying to watch, agony really.” They did not object to the feeds being discontinued and thought that Dr Taylor took good care of their mother, who died eight weeks later.

> The GMC seems to be in danger of becoming a kind of medical inquisition 

The Crown Prosecution Service decided not to charge Dr Taylor, but referred him to the General Medical Council. As a …
Emotionalism after stroke.
Authors: A. House, M. Dennis, A. Molyneux, C. Warlow, K. Hawton
Journal: BMJ (1989)

To estimate the prevalence of emotionalism after stroke, to assess its relation with other mood disorders, and to identify clinical variables with which it is associated.Descriptive study of a cohort of patients consecutively entered on a community stroke register.Community based research project.A total of 128 patients who had suffered first ever stroke. INTERVENTIONS AND END POINTS: Patients were interviewed by a psychiatrist at 1, 6, and 12 months after stroke. Mood state was assessed by standardised semistructured interview (present state examination) and self report (Beck depression inventory). Intellectual impairment was assessed by mini mental state examination and Frenchay aphasia screening test. In addition, stroke lesions were localised by computed tomography.Emotionalism was reported by 13 of 89 patients (15%) at one month, 25 of 119 (21%) at six months, and 12 of 112 (11%) at 12 months after stroke. Patients with emotionalism had higher scores on both measures of mood disorder (at 6 months: mean Beck score 10.5 v 6.4; present state examination score 7.2 v 5.1) and more diagnosable psychiatric disorder (at 6 months: 40% v 14%; odds ratio 4.2, 95% confidence interval 1.5 to 11.9). Almost all episodes were provoked by clearly identified and appropriate emotional experiences. Patients with emotionalism also had more intellectual impairment and larger lesions on computed tomography. Lesions in the left frontal and temporal regions were particularly associated with emotionalism: at 6 months 8 of 14 patients (57%) with such lesions had emotionalism compared with 10 of 52 (19%) of those with lesions elsewhere (odds ratio 5.6, 95% confidence interval 1.4 to 22).Emotionalism is common after stroke. It is neither emotionally meaningless and inappropriate, nor is it found mostly in patients with bilateral brain damage. Emotionalism is associated with symptoms of a more general mood disturbance and is found especially in patients with left frontal and temporal lesions.
A system for assessing mechanical performance, heat production, and oxygen utilization of isolated perfused whole hearts
Authors: R. L. COULSON, B. F. RUSY
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1973)

Journal Article A system for assessing mechanical performance, heat production, and oxygen utilization of isolated perfused whole hearts Get access R. L. COULSON, R. L. COULSON 1 From the Department of Physiology, University College London 1Recipient of a Medical Research Council of Canada Fellowship. Present address: Cardiology Section, Temple University Medical School, Philadelphia, Pa. 19140, USA. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B. F. RUSY B. F. RUSY From the Department of Physiology, University College London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 7, Issue 6, November 1973, Pages 859–869, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/7.6.859 Published: 01 November 1973
P3-01-13: Leptin Modulates the Response to Tamoxifen Treatment in ER-Positive Breast Cancer Cell Lines.
Authors: CK Yom, W Han, S-W Kim, DW Kim, E Kang, D-Y Noh
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Obesity is known to a risk factor for breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Leptin is a potent adipokine which mainly produced by adipose tissue and leptin signaling plays a significant role in tumor development and invasion of breast cancer. In recent study, leptin induced aromatase gene expression, elevating aromatase activity and increasing estrogen synthesis in MCF-7 cell. Leptin was also able to enhance estrogen receptor α (ERα)-dependent transcription by decreasing ERα ubiquitination and degradation. And this imply that lepin may play some role on hormone resistancy of ER-positive breast cancer. The aims of this study is to evaluate whether leptin modulates the effect on tamoxifen treatment in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cell. At first, we examined leptin and Leptin receptor(Ob-R) expression by western blot assay in various breast cancer cells and cell proliferation by cell viability assay in combination with leptin and tamoxifen under estradiol (E2) treatment. And we analyzed the effect of leptin on the response of tamoxifen treatment in ER-positive breast cancer cells and which result from activation of ERK1/2 and STAT3 signaling pathway in leptin treatment. We used the MCF-7 (ER+/Leptin +/Ob-R+) cell and T-47D (ER+/ Leptin +/Ob-R-)cell to compare the effect of leptin according to Ob-R status. Leptin had the proliferative effect on MCF-7 comparing to control and T-47D cells. But leptin had no additional effect on both cells in combination with tamoxifen or E2. Interestingly, Leptin had an inhibitory effect on tamoxifen especially in high E2 (20 nM) setting in both MCF-7 and T-47D cells. In cell signaling, when leptin was added to combination treatment of E2 and tamoxifen, the total- and phospho- of ERK1/2 was more activated than combination without leptin in MCF-7. In case of STAT3, activation of total- and phospho-STAT3 were relatively remarkable comparing to combination without leptin, when the three agents are combined to treatment in MCF-7. On the contrary, in T-47D cell, when leptin added to combination of E2 and tamoxifen, leptin relatively induced the activation of total ERK1/2 comparing to combination of E2 and tamoxifen without leptin. But this result was not shown in phospho-ERK1/2 signaling. In STAT3 signaling, same results was noted in T-47D. We concluded that leptin interfere with the anti-estrogenic effects of tamoxifen under E2 condition both in MCF-7 and in T-47D ER-positive breast cancer cells through activation not only Ob-R but also crosstalk other signaling system. These results imply that inhibition of leptin expect to enhance the hormone response in ER-positive breast cancer, and therefore, to be the promising way to overcome hormonal resistance. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-01-13.
Mechanoelectrical feedback: independent role of preload and contractility in modulation of canine ventricular excitability.
Authors: B B Lerman, D Burkhoff, D T Yue, M R Franz, K Sagawa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Mechanoelectrical feedback, defined as changes in mechanical state that precede and alter transmembrane potential, may have potential importance in understanding the role of altered load and contractility in the initiation and modulation of ventricular arrhythmias. To assess the independent effects of preload and contractility on myocardial excitability and action potential duration, we determined the stimulus strength-interval relationship and recorded monophasic action potentials in isolated canine left ventricles contracting isovolumically. The strength-interval relationship was characterized by three parameters: threshold excitability, relative refractory period, and absolute refractory period. The effects of a threefold increase in left ventricular volume or twofold increase in contractility on these parameters were independently assessed. An increase in preload did not change threshold excitability in 11 ventricles but significantly shortened the absolute refractory period from 205 +/- 15 to 191 +/- 14 ms (P less than 0.001) (mean +/- SD). Similarly, the relative refractory period decreased from 220 +/- 18 to 208 +/- 19 ms (P less than 0.002). Comparable results were observed when contractility was increased as a result of dobutamine infusion in 10 ventricles. That is, threshold excitability was unchanged but the absolute refractory period decreased from 206 +/- 14 to 181 +/- 9 ms (P less than 0.003), and the relative refractory period decreased from 225 +/- 17 to 205 +/- 18 ms (P less than 0.003). Similar results were obtained when contractility was increased with CaCl2, indicating that contractility associated changes were independent of beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation. An increase in preload or contractility was associated with shortening of the action potential. A threefold increase in preload and twofold increase in contractility were associated with a decrease in action potential duration of 22 and 24 ms, respectively. There was a significant linear correlation between action potential duration and excitability (absolute refractory period). The similar effects of increased preload and contractility on threshold excitability and refractoriness can be explained by the action these perturbations have on the time course of repolarization. Therefore, excitability of the ventricle is sensitive to and is modulated by alteration of load or inotropic state. The similar effects of either increased preload or contractility on excitability may be mediated by a common cellular mechanism which results in a rise in intracellular free Ca2+ and secondary abbreviation of the action potential.
AORTIC DISSECTION IN PATIENTS WITH BICUSPID AORTIC VALVES: CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGIC COMPARISON WITH TRICUSPID VALVES
Authors: Mackram Eleid, Inga Forde, William Edwards, Rakesh Suri, Joseph Maleszewski, Hartzell Schaff, Maurice Enriquez–Sarano, Hector Michelena
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Early consumption of peanuts in infancy is associated with a low prevalence of peanut allergy
Authors: George Du Toit, Yitzhak Katz, Peter Sasieni, David Mesher, Soheila J. Maleki, Helen R. Fisher, Adam T. Fox, Victor Turcanu, Tal Amir, Galia Zadik-Mnuhin, Adi Cohen, Irit Livne, Gideon Lack
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
RECEPTORS FOR COMPLEMENT ON LEUKOCYTES
Authors: Waltraut H. Lay, Victor Nussenzweig
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1968)

Sheep red blood cells sensitized by 7S, but not by 19S rabbit anti-Forssman antibodies, adhere and form rosettes on mouse macrophages and on a few monocytes and polymorphonuclear cells (PMN). When, however, C' factors from mouse serum are added to the antigen-19S antibody complex (EAC'), rosettes are formed on most mouse peritoneal macrophages and PMN and on a few monocytes. In addition EAC' also adheres to 10-25% of lymph node lymphocytes but not to thymus lymphocytes. EAC' prepared with 7S anti-Forssman antibodies has identical properties. The adherence of red cells induces an increase in the membrane activity of the leukocytes and causes injury to the red cells which rapidly become deformed and fragmented. Adherence of EAC' occurs at 37 degrees C and is minimal at 4 degrees C. Probably only the first four C' components are involved in this phenomenon as mouse serum deficient in C'5 or rabbit serum, deficient in C'6 can be used as a source of C' components. Treatment of EAC' with EDTA does not modify its leukocyte-adherence properties. The adherence of EAC' to the leukocytes is not inhibited in the presence of serum. The receptors for C' on macrophages, PMN, and monocytes differ from those found on lymphocytes. Rosette formation by EAC' on macrophages, PMN, and monocytes depends on divalent cations (Mg(++)) and can be reversed by Na(3)H EDTA, while adherence to lymphocytes is independent of these ions and occurs in the presence of 0.01 M Na(3)H EDTA. Both types of receptors for C' components are destroyed by trypsin treatment of the leukocytes, in contrast with the receptors for 7S antibodies on the same cells which persist after enzyme treatment.
Ineffectiveness of SMS 201-995 in Severe Hyperinsulinemia
Authors: Guenther Boden, Isabel G Ryan, Charles R Shuman
Journal: Diabetes Care (1988)

The long-acting somatostatin analogue SMS 201–995 has been used with impressive success in the treatment of certain endocrine disorders, including acromegaly (1-4), the Verner-Morrison syndrome (5,6), and the carcinoid syndrome (7,8). There is less information with respect to the effectiveness of this drug in the treatment of organic hyperinsulinism (β-cell adenomas, carcinomas, hyperplasia, and nesidioblastosis). We report two cases with severe hyperinsulinism caused by islet cell adenomas. In both cases, protracted hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinemia were not improved by SMS 201–995.
Paternalism, Family Duties, and My Aunt Maude
Authors: R. D. Richards
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.—  I read the commentary entitled Paternalism, Family Duties, and My Aunt Maude1 in the May 6 issue of JAMA and was dismayed to find cataract surgery referred to as a  procedure and a   These terms are not used by ophthalmologists who perform cataract surgery or by patients who are planning to have or who have had cataract surgery.  In the commentary, Maude certainly did not regard it as minor or trivial, and the benefit she received was not minor or trivial.  I have removed cataracts from a number of physicians, some of whom had referred patients to me previously for cataract surgery. These physicians often reassured patients that cataract surgery was nothing to worry about and was a minor procedure. However, when it came time for the physician to have his or her cataract removed, suddenly it was not minor or trivial and the
THE ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF AN ARTIFICIAL URETHRA ABOVE THE SYMPHYSIS PUBIS IN CHRONIC PROSTATIC OBSTRUCTION.Read in the Section of Surgery aud Anatomy, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association.
Authors: D. J. HAYES
Journal: JAMA (1893)

I propose to call your attention to an operation for the relief of an extremely distressing and painful form of disease in men, the relief of which was very inadequate until of very recent date. I refer to the establishment of a urethra above the pubic bone in chronic prostatic obstruction. From a series of over two hundred post-mortems prosecuted by Sir Henry Thompson on male patients over 55 years of age, to determine the percentage of those who were affected with prostatic enlargement it was found that about one in three had more or less enlargement, and only about one in seven of those exhibited symptoms of the disease during life. Consequently we may expect about one man in twenty who is approaching 60 years of age to consult us for this difficulty. As a rule, enlargement of the prostate takes place in all directions, with occasionally the development
Value of Gallium-67 SPECT In a Patient with "Malignant" Otitis Externa
Authors: KHOSROW BEHJATI, CHARLES M. BOYD, SUPPIAH BALACHANDRAN, CARY PALLIN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

A case report is presented in which Ga-67 SPECT was essential in the evaluation of extent of bony involvement of the osteomyelitis associated with progressive necrotizing (“malignant”) otitis externa.
Simultaneous determination of left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume and pressure-dimension relationships in closed-chest dogs.
Authors: W C Little, G L Freeman, R A O'Rourke
Journal: Circulation (1985)

The left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relationship is a load-insensitive measure of left ventricular performance. The relationship at end-systole between left ventricular pressure and dimension is more easily obtained, but the conflicting results of previous studies make it unclear if it has the same properties as the left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relationship. To address this issue, 11 dogs were instrumented to measure left ventricular pressure and three orthogonal left ventricular dimensions. Left ventricular pressure and dimensions were varied by use of caval occlusion. Left ventricular volume was calculated as an ellipsoid. The left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relationship and each of the three end-systolic pressure-dimension relations were described by straight lines (r = .97 +/- .02, mean +/- SD). In six animals, dobutamine produced similar significant increases (p less than .01) in the slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (244 +/- 61% of control), the end-systolic pressure-anterior-posterior dimension relationship (248 +/- 89%), the end-systolic pressure--septal-lateral dimension relationship (211 +/- 95%), and the end-systolic pressure-basal-apical dimension relationship (210 +/- 85%). The intercepts at zero pressure were relatively unchanged by dobutamine. In contrast, occlusion of the distal left anterior descending coronary artery in five animals produced a rightward shift of the left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relationship and the pressure--basal-apical dimension relationship, while the pressure--anterior-posterior dimension and pressure--septal-lateral dimension relationships were relatively unaffected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
SPUTUM ANALYSIS AND THE EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: S. EDWIN SOLLY
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Seven years ago I called the attention of the profession to the "Neglect of the Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis," in a communication read before the Arapahoe County Medical Association. At that time I used the following words: "The great importance of the early diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis has been forced on my attention by finding so many tuberculous patients seeking the climate of Colorado long after their chances of recovery in that or any other climate have gone by. Considering it a matter largely preventable, by the profession realizing more clearly the causes that lead to this unnecessary and lamentable loss of life, I have analyzed the last 100 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis that have presented themselves for examination. This inquiry has nothing to do with the influence of climate nor the results of treatment, but was undertaken to find out how far the early recognition of