tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Improving Outcomes of Analgesic Treatment: Is Education Enough?
Authors: Mitchell B. Max
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Frequent undertreatment of analgesic-responsive acute pain and chronic cancer pain persists, despite intensive efforts to provide clinicians with information about analgesics. A set of background factors must be addressed in interventions to improve pain treatment: Traditional patterns of clinician and patient interaction on the ward, quality assurance, and drug regulatory practices do not support prompt recognition and treatment of pain. Possible interventions to modify these patterns of daily practice include monitoring and displaying patient pain ratings routinely, making available educational tools to assist optimal drug ordering, encouraging patients to communicate about unrelieved pain, reviewing quality assurance of pain treatment regimens, increasing behavioral research into analgesic prescribing, and selectively modifying narcotics regulatory practices.
Alteration of hepatic nuclear receptor-mediated signaling pathways in hepatitis C virus patients with and without a history of alcohol drinking
Authors: Chuanghong Wu, Richard Gilroy, Ryan Taylor, Mojtaba Olyaee, Bashar Abdulkarim, Jameson Forster, Maura O'Neil, Ivan Damjanov, Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

The current study tests a hypothesis that nuclear receptor signaling is altered in chronic hepatitis C patients and that the altered pattern is specific to alcohol drinking history. The expression of a panel of more than 100 genes encoding nuclear receptors, coregulators, and their direct/indirect targets was studied in human livers. Gene expression pattern was compared between 15 normal donor livers and 23 hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1-positive livers from patients without a drinking history (matched for age, sex, and body mass index). HCV infection increased the expression of nuclear receptors small heterodimer partner and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) as well as genes involved in fatty acid trafficking, bile acid synthesis and uptake, and inflammatory response. However, the expression of retinoid X receptor (RXR) α, peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and β as well as steroid regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c was decreased in HCV-infected livers. Gene expression pattern was compared in chronic hepatitis C patients with and without a drinking history. Alcohol drinking increased the expression of genes involved in fatty acid uptake, trafficking, and oxidation, but decreased the expression of genes responsible for gluconeogenesis. These changes were consistent with reduced fasting plasma glucose levels and altered expression of upstream regulators that include RXRα, PPARα, and CAR. The messenger RNA levels of fibroblast growth factor 21, interleukin-10, and fatty acid synthase, which are all regulated by nuclear receptors, showed independent correlation with hepatic HCV RNA levels. Our findings suggest that those genes and pathways that showed altered expression could potentially be therapeutic targets for HCV infection and/or alcohol drinking-induced liver injury.
T lymphocytes interact with hepatocytes through fenestrations in murine liver sinusoidal endothelial cells
Authors: Alessandra Warren, David G. Le Couteur, Robin Fraser, David G. Bowen, Geoffrey W. McCaughan, Patrick Bertolino
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

The liver has an established ability to induce tolerance. Recent evidence indicates that this unique property might be related to its distinctive architecture allowing T cells to be activated in situ independently of lymphoid tissues. Unlike lymph node–activated T cells, liver-activated T cells are short-lived, a mechanism that might contribute to the “liver tolerance effect.” Although the potential role of hepatocytes as tolerogenic antigen-presenting cells has been demonstrated, the question as to whether these cells are able to interact with CD8+ T cells in physiological settings remains controversial. Contradicting the immunological dogma stating that naïve T lymphocytes are prevented from interacting with parenchymal cells within non-lymphoid organs by an impenetrable endothelial barrier, we show here that the unique morphology of the liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC) permits interactions between lymphocytes and hepatocytes. Using electron microscopy, we demonstrate that liver resident lymphocytes as well as circulating naïve CD8+ T cells make direct contact with hepatocytes through cytoplasmic extensions penetrating the endothelial fenestrations that perforate the LSECs. Furthermore, the expression of molecules required for primary T cell activation, MHC class I and ICAM-1, is polarized on hepatocytes to the perisinusoidal cell membrane, thus maximizing the opportunity for interactions with circulating lymphocytes. In conclusion , this study has identified, at the ultrastructural level, a unique type of interaction between naïve T lymphocytes and liver parenchymal cells in vivo . These results hold implications for the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis in which hepatocytes may represent the main antigen-presenting cell, and for the development of immune tolerance as lymphocytes pass through the liver.
Deregulated CDC25A Expression Promotes Mammary Tumorigenesis with Genomic Instability
Authors: Dipankar Ray, Yasuhisa Terao, Peter G. Fuhrken, Zhi-Qing Ma, Francesco J. DeMayo, Konstantin Christov, Nyla A. Heerema, Roberta Franks, Sophia Y. Tsai, Eleftherios T. Papoutsakis, Hiroaki Kiyokawa
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Checkpoint pathways help cells maintain genomic integrity, delaying cell cycle progression in response to various risks of fidelity, such as genotoxic stresses, compromised DNA replication, and impaired spindle control. Cancer cells frequently exhibit genomic instability, and recent studies showed that checkpoint pathways are likely to serve as a tumor-suppressive barrier in vivo. The cell cycle–promoting phosphatase CDC25A is an activator of cyclin-dependent kinases and one of the downstream targets for the CHK1-mediated checkpoint pathway. Whereas CDC25A overexpression is observed in various human cancer tissues, it has not been determined whether deregulated CDC25A expression triggers or promotes tumorigenesis in vivo. Here, we show that transgenic expression of CDC25A cooperates markedly with oncogenic ras or neu in murine mammary tumorigenesis. MMTV-CDC25A transgenic mice exhibit alveolar hyperplasia in the mammary tissue but do not develop spontaneous mammary tumors. The MMTV-CDC25A transgene markedly shortens latency of tumorigenesis in MMTV-ras mice. The MMTV-CDC25A transgene also accelerates tumor growth in MMTV-neu mice with apparent cell cycle miscoordination. CDC25A-overexpressing tumors, which invade more aggressively, exhibit various chromosomal aberrations on fragile regions, including the mouse counterpart of human 1p31-36, according to array-based comparative genomic hybridization and karyotyping. The chromosomal aberrations account for substantial changes in gene expression profile rendered by transgenic expression of CDC25A, including down-regulation of Trp73. These data indicate that deregulated control of cellular CDC25A levels leads to in vivo genomic instability, which cooperates with the neu-ras oncogenic pathway in mammary tumorigenesis. [Cancer Res 2007;67(3):984–91]
Indicator-Dilution Curves in Acyanotic Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: JAMES C. BROADBENT, EARL H. WOOD
Journal: Circulation (1954)

Dye dilution and cardiac catheterization technics were used to study 36 patients with a central left-to-right shunt due to patent ductus arteriosus, atrial septal defect or ventricular septal defect. The configuration of dilution curves following injection of dye into an antecubital vein was similar in all instances. Principal abnormalities of the curve were a prolongation of its disappearance slope and a relative reduction in the peak concentration of dye. Quantitatively expressed, these abnormalities could be correlated with the magnitude of the left-to-right shunt. Curves of normal contour were observed following surgical closure of the ductus arteriosus, and in patients with isolated pulmonary stenosis.
Psychopathology and Its Risk and Protective Factors in Hearing-Impaired Children and Adolescents
Authors: Stephanie C. P. M. Theunissen, Carolien Rieffe, Anouk P. Netten, Jeroen J. Briaire, Wim Soede, Jan W. Schoones, Johan H. M. Frijns
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Pediatric hearing impairment is a chronic handicap that can potentially lead to the development of psychopathology. Yet, for hearing-impaired children and adolescents, the exact occurrence of various forms of psychopathology and its causes are unclear, while this knowledge is essential to enable targeted screenings and interventions.To investigate the level of psychopathological symptoms in hearing-impaired children and adolescents as compared with normally hearing peers. Second, the influence of type of hearing device and possible risk and protective factors on psychopathology were examined.A systematic literature search was performed covering relevant databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Two independent researchers identified the relevant articles. The final search was performed on May 2, 2013, and resulted in a total of 35 articles.Literature consistently demonstrated that hearing-impaired children and adolescents were more prone to developing depression, aggression, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and psychopathy than their normally hearing peers. Levels of anxiety, somatization, and delinquency were elevated in some, but not all, hearing-impaired participants, for reasons related to sex, age, and type of school. Divergent results were obtained for the level of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and the influence of type of hearing device on psychopathology. Possible risk and protective factors were identified, including age at detection and intervention of hearing loss, additional disabilities, communication skills, intelligence, type of school, and number of siblings.Literature on psychopathology in hearing-impaired children and adolescents is scarce and sometimes inconsistent. To define a more precise occurrence of psychopathology, more studies are needed. These studies should have a longitudinal design to draw firmer conclusions on causality. Hopefully, this will lead to more knowledge in the future to help and support each hearing-impaired individual.
Critical review of epidemiologic studies related to ingested asbestos.
Authors: G M Marsh
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Thirteen epidemiologic studies of ingested asbestos conducted in five areas of the United States and Canada were reviewed and evaluated for the definitiveness and applicability regarding the development of ambient water quality standards. One or more studies found male or female associations between asbestos in water supplies and cancer mortality (or incidence) due to neoplasms of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum, gallbladder, pancreas, peritoneum, lungs, pleura, prostate, kidneys, brain, and thyroid, and also due to leukemia. Several methodologic weaknesses and limitations were found in each study, leading to the determination that no individual study or aggregation of studies exist that would establish risk levels from ingested asbestos. A binomial probability analysis of the eight independent studies suggested that, while the level of male-female agreement was generally low, the number of observed positive associations in males and females for neoplasms of the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, and prostate was unlikely to have been generated by chance factors alone, and thus, may have a biological basis related to ingested asbestos. Cancers of the small intestine and leukemia were implicated to a lesser degree in this analysis. The patterns of integrated findings for most gastrointestinal cancers were somewhat consistent with patterns observed among asbestos-exposed occupational groups, whereas the patterns found for pancreatic cancer, kidney cancer, and leukemia were not consistent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
When to stop treatment.
Authors: G Dunea
Journal: BMJ (1983)

A brief discussion of the economic, legal, and ethical dilemmas created by modern medicine's ability to prolong life prefaces a summary of the recommendations found in Deciding to Forego Life-Sustaining Treatment, a report issued in March 1983 by the President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research. Dunea believes that many of the Commission's conclusions are tentative, but sees this report as an important first step in opening public dialogue on difficult policy issues.
Phylogeny and Domain Evolution in the APETALA2-like Gene Family
Authors: Sangtae Kim, Pamela S. Soltis, Kerr Wall, Douglas E. Soltis
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2005)

The combined processes of gene duplication, nucleotide substitution, domain duplication, and intron/exon shuffling can generate a complex set of related genes that may differ substantially in their expression patterns and functions. The APETALA2-like (AP2-like) gene family exhibits patterns of both gene and domain duplication, coupled with changes in sequence, exon arrangement, and expression. In angiosperms, these genes perform an array of functions including the establishment of the floral meristem, the specification of floral organ identity, the regulation of floral homeotic gene expression, the regulation of ovule development, and the growth of floral organs. To determine patterns of gene diversification, we conducted a series of broad phylogenetic analyses of AP2-like sequences from green plants. These studies indicate that the AP2 domain was duplicated prior to the divergence of the two major lineages of AP2-like genes, euAP2 and AINTEGUMENTA (ANT). Structural features of the AP2-like genes as well as phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide and amino acid (aa) sequences of the AP2-like gene family support the presence of the two major lineages. The ANT lineage is supported by a 10-aa insertion in the AP2-R1 domain and a 1-aa insertion in the AP2-R2 domain, relative to all other members of the AP2-like family. MicroRNA172-binding sequences, the function of which has been studied in some of the AP2-like genes in Arabidopsis, are restricted to the euAP2 lineage. Within the ANT lineage, the euANT lineage is characterized by four conserved motifs: one in the 10-aa insertion in the AP2-R1 domain (euANT1) and three in the predomain region (euANT2, euANT3, and euANT4). Our expression studies show that the euAP2 homologue from Amborella trichopoda, the putative sister to all other angiosperms, is expressed in all floral organs as well as leaves.
THE TENTH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS AT BERLIN, AS I SAW IT.Read before the Kings County Medical Association, March 10, 1891.
Authors: E. J. CHAPIN MINARD
Journal: JAMA (1891)

I saw the capital city of Imperial Germany in the early morning from an elevated railroad depot, on Friedrich-Strasse. After having washed the dust from my eyes, and given twenty-five cents for so doing, I took a look at my strange surroundings. To see this city had been a dream of childhood. The roofs decorated with statuary and symbols, the clean asphalt pavement, the peculiar architecture of the buildings, the silent way of doing the city work, and the subdued, even tread of companies of soldiers going to morning parade, keenly excited my curiosity. I was satisfied even to<i>look over</i>the city which held the greatest ruler and the grandest man—Virchow—the father of cellular pathology. The unexpected greetings of long ago friends, known as college chums, and the reminiscences of college life, made me feel kindly towards the whole German nation and at home at once. The friendly reception
FRI0539 Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (JSLE) Damage, Death and Growth Failure According to Disease Activity Pattern
Authors: J.O. Sato, J.E. Corrente, C.S. Magalhães
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> Lupus disease course has been reported in different patterns: chronic active (CA), relapsing-remitting (RR) and long quiescent (LQ) activity. Only one study evaluated the disease course patterns in children with JSLE (Otten et al., 2010). <h3>Objectives</h3> To assess disease activity patterns and their relationship to damage, death and growth failure in JSLE patients. <h3>Methods</h3> Chronic active (CA), relapsing-remitting (RR) and long quiescent (LQ) activity patterns were retrospectively classified according to longitudinal scores by Modified SLEDAI-2K and ECLAM during follow up. Pediatric SLICC/ACR Damage Index (Ped/SDI) was scored during the last visit. Growth failure was defined by 2 of the parameters: height-for-age &lt;3rd percentile, speed growth-for-age &lt;3rd percentile and 2 percentiles height fall. Life-table analysis (mortality, damage and growth failure) were plotted and stratified according to CA and RR patterns (Figure). Cox model analysis identified predictors among onset clinical variables. <h3>Results</h3> 37 cases, 2.7 years median follow up were reviewed during 781 visits. RR pattern rates were 67.5%, CA 29.8% and 2.7% LQ scored by Modified SLEDAI-2K and 45.9%, 48.7% and 5.4%, respectively scored by ECLAM. The 5-year survival was 90%. Damage accrued in 62.5% and growth failure in 31.3%. Mean time for damage and growth failure was 4.8±0.5 and 5.2±0.4 years, respectively. Five-year probability of damage was 47% and growth failure 31%. CA pattern cases progressed to damage earlier than RR pattern cases (log-rank test, p&lt;0.05). There was association of damage with disease duration (p&lt;0,0001), thrombocytopenia (p&lt;0,05) and alopecia (p&lt;0,004). Growth failure associated with disease duration (p&lt;0,007) and renal failure (p&lt;0,007) at disease onset. <h3>Conclusions</h3> LQ course was less frequent compared to adults. Damage occurred earlier in CA pattern. Disease duration, thrombocytopenia and alopecia at disease onset predicted damage. <h3>References</h3> Otten MH, Cransberg K, van Rossim MA et al. Disease activity patterns in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus and its relation to erly aggressive treatment. Lupus 2010. 19: 1550-6. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared <h3>DOI</h3> 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.5617
Human Life Bill
Authors: M. F. Dolan
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The COMMENTARY by Dr Meyer demands comment. It is interesting that of the nine scientists who addressed the Senate Subcommittee on Separation of Powers chaired by Senator East, only the one who said it is not "a scientific fact that human life begins at conception" is identified, and only his comments are given expression and then, with approbation. Dr Meyer seems to endorse compromise in this matter, but of what, or to what end, I am not sure. Ordinarily, I am all for compromise if it reflects a compassionate effort to relieve those otherwise excessively burdened by our imperfect system of justice, but how do you compromise an issue that is, quite literally, life or death? The Supreme Court pontificated, "If the suggestion of personhood is established... the fetus' right to life is then guaranteed specifically by the 14th Amendment." The charge was unbelievable. The fetus had
N-TERMINAL PRO-B-TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE LEVELS IS ASSOCIATED WITH ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELL MOBILIZATION AFTER PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Youngkeun Ahn, Seo Na Hong, Keun Ho Park, Nam Sik Yoon, Do Sun Sim, Young Joon Hong, Ju Han Kim, Myung Ho Jeong, Jeong Gwan Cho, Jong Chun Park, Jung Chaee Kang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
The Potential Risks of Expedited Approval of Drugs for Acute Bacterial Infections
Authors: James S. Floyd, Bruce M. Psaty
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

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A NEW PORTABLE ELECTRIC OUTFIT.
Authors: GUSTAVUS M. BLECH
Journal: JAMA (1899)

Electricity as a therapeutic agent, while quite popular with a few specialists and wealthy practitioners, is employed by the majority of general practitioners with no scientific precision, because of lack of suitable apparatus. The results are poor, for to obtain good results good apparatus is necessary. It is therefore for this reason that electricity is decried by many as a valueless agent, while in reality it is a very valuable means of curing a large number of nervous and muscular affections. The idea prevails among many practitioners that electricty can be administered scientifically only by means of large, stationary and expensive ''machines.'' The price and impossibility of moving the batteries from the office to the bedside of the patient have proven objectionable features, preventing the general introduction and practice of electrotherapeutics. It is perhaps of interest to know that the most renowned specialists in Europe, for example Dr. Erb, who
GRAY HAIR OR BALD HEADS
Authors: Edgar G. Ballenger
Journal: JAMA (1942)

To the Editor:—  Among middle aged men it is rather uncommon to see a man who is both bald and gray. He is either bald, without grayness in the fringe of hair at the back of his head and at the temples, or he is gray with a good supply of hair all over his head. If he is both gray and bald it will be found that the baldness usually came first. Premature aging is likely to be present in such instances. Fairly young men may be gray or bald without other physical evidences of premature aging. A man may be quite old with numerous evidences of extreme senility and yet be neither gray nor bald.  For a number of years laboratory workers have noted that animals kept on synthetic diets became more or less gray and that the color of the hair returned to normal after certain of