tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Relation of Faculty Academic Activity to Financing Sources in a Department of Medicine
Authors: David Chin, David Hopkins, Kenneth Melmon, Halsted R. Holman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

Academic medical departments confront important changes in funding sources and consequent pressure to change faculty activities. Valid information has often been lacking concerning the existing relations of faculty activity to funding sources. We examined those relations in the Stanford Department of Medicine through a combination of randomized observations of faculty and faculty self-reports over a period of one year. For an average 62-hour workweek, there was approximate consonance between types of activities and sources of salary support. Sensitivity analyses indicated that even sizable errors in self-reports would not have changed the outcomes substantially. Over 60 per cent of the activity involved "joint products," representing two or more categories of activity. There was wide variation in activities and fund sources between divisions. Per full-time faculty equivalent, research generated far more income than the most lucrative specialty practice; thus, at least in this type of department, attempts to compensate for lost research revenue by intensifying clinical practice will probably fail and undermine present research activities. The method of analysis used here may be useful in improving prospective planning by departments and by larger medical-policy bodies, particularly in the public sector.
COMPARISON BETWEEN TYPHOID FEVER OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN AND THAT OF ADULTS.
Authors: H. A. FAIRBAIRN
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Typhoid fever occurs so rarely in very young infants and children and, as a rule, pursues such a short and mild course, that many have denied that it is ever seen in infants under two years of age, and have maintained that it seldom occurs in those younger than five years. Systematic observations have altered these views. Pathologic investigations have shown that no time of life is exempt from the disease, although they have strengthened the opinion that it is very rare below the age of two years. The child is subject to every other form of contagion and removed from the sources of this only by reason of special care in diet. This may explain its continued absence from large institutions devoted to the care of children. It argues strongly in favor of prophylactic measures.  The study of the disease as it occurs in the child is of importance,
Cytogenetics of myelodysplasia and acute myeloid leukaemia in aircrew and people treated with radiotherapy
Authors: Maryanne Gundestrup, Mette Klarskov Andersen, Erla Sveinbjornsdottir, Vilhjálmur Rafnsson, Hans H Storm, Jens Pedersen-Bjergaard
Journal: The Lancet (2000)
MITRAL STENOSIS: PERIPHERAL EMBOLI CAUSING PARTIAL MONOPLEGIA WITH SYMPTOMS SIMULATING CEREBRAL EMBOLISM
Authors: G. G. Alderson
Journal: BMJ (1912)

ALJowi MIRLLENSSstates that hbs skin eruption was in every respect similar to that of the younger brother, and showed, as did the othler, marked seasunal variations.The elder boy diedl early in 1911, and no post-nmortem examination was obtained.It is hoped that a complete report of the first-mentioned case, together with the pathological findings, may be published in due course."
EARLY DIAGNOSIS IN MASSIVE GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE
Authors: Norman Zamcheck
Journal: JAMA (1952)

In the past, extensive efforts to achieve early diagnosis of the cause of massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage were limited by the fear of exacerbation of bleeding. In recent years, the wider use of prompt surgical intervention has been made possible by advances in surgical techniques, improved understanding of transfusion, and the greater availability of blood for this purpose. Since patients requiring emergency surgery must be differentiated promptly from those who should be treated without operation, the need for early accurate diagnosis of the cause of bleeding has been intensified. Diagnosis based on clinical grounds alone has proved unreliable in many instances; accordingly, we have employed adjuncts to early diagnosis during the past three years at the Boston City Hospital. Emergency roentgen examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract was performed on almost all the patients studied. In order to help differentiate patients with operable lesions such as peptic ulcer from those
Nasal cytological changes following pharmacological intervention
Authors: E.O. Meltzer
Journal: Allergy (1995)

Symptoms of allergic rhinitis are associated with increased numbers of inflammatory cells in the nasal mucosa. The effects of fluticasone propionate on the nasal mucosal cells of patients with symptomatic allergic rhinitis were evaluated in seven multicentre, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, randomised studies. In three seasonal allergic rhinitis studies, significantly more patients receiving fluticasone propionate had a decrease in nasal eosinophils following treatment compared with patients receiving placebo. Similarly, more patients receiving fluticasone propionate had a decrease in nasal basophilic cells, but differences from placebo were not significant in all studies. Nearly identical results were observed in two 24-week perennial allergic rhinitis studies: significantly more patients receiving fluticasone propionate or beclomethasone dipropionate had a decrease in nasal eosinophils compared with patients receiving placebo. Furthermore, a higher percentage of patients receiving corticosteroids also had a decrease in the number of basophilic cells. In two separate seasonal allergic rhinitis studies, significantly more patients receiving fluticasone propionate had a decrease in nasal eosinophils compared with patients receiving terfenadine or astemizole, respectively. The decrease in nasal basophilic cells was also significantly greater with fluticasone propionate compared with astemizole. Inhibition of mediator release from eosinophilic and basophilic cells has also been demonstrated in patients receiving fluticasone propionate compared with patients receiving antihistamines. The results of these studies suggest that the therapeutic benefits of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray in the treatment of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis may be related to its ability to reduce nasal mucosal inflammatory cells and to inhibit local mediator activity.
Angiotensin Receptor Agonistic Autoantibodies and Hypertension
Authors: Yang Xia, Rodney E. Kellems
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

Hypertensive disorders are life-threatening diseases with high morbidity and mortality, affecting billions of individuals worldwide. A multitude of underlying conditions may contribute to hypertension, thus the need for a plethora of treatment options to identify the approach that best meets the needs of individual patients. A growing body of evidence indicates that (1) autoantibodies that bind to and activate the major angiotensin II type I (AT₁) receptor exist in the circulation of patients with hypertensive disorders, (2) these autoantibodies contribute to disease pathophysiology, (3) antibody titers correlate to the severity of the disease, and (4) efforts to block or remove these pathogenic autoantibodies have therapeutic potential. These autoantibodies, termed AT₁ agonistic autoantibodies have been extensively characterized in preeclampsia, a life-threatening hypertensive condition of pregnancy. As reviewed here, these autoantibodies cause symptoms of preeclampsia when injected into pregnant mice. Somewhat surprisingly, these auto antibodies also appear in 3 animal models of preeclampsia. However, the occurrence of AT₁ agonistic autoantibodies is not restricted to pregnancy. These autoantibodies are prevalent among kidney transplant recipients who develop severe transplant rejection and malignant hypertension during the first week after transplantation. AT₁ agonistic autoantibodies are also highly abundant among a group of patients with essential hypertension that are refractory to standard therapy. More recently these autoantibodies have been seen in patients with the autoimmune disease, systemic sclerosis. These 3 examples extend the clinical impact of AT₁ agonistic autoantibodies beyond pregnancy. Research reviewed here raises the intriguing possibility that preeclampsia and other hypertensive conditions are autoimmune diseases characterized by the presence of pathogenic autoantibodies that activate the major angiotensin receptor, AT₁. These pathogenic autoantibodies could serve as presymptomatic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, thereby providing improved medical management for these conditions.
Alcohol in the Tropics.
Authors: Chas. E. Woodruff
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Fort Riley, Kan., May 26, 1900. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In your editorial inThe Journal, May 19, you mention my article in the<i>Philadelphia Medical Journal</i>of April 7, in which I advocated the moderate use of alcohol to combat the exhaustion due to the heat and moisture, and warn against the serious effects of immoderate and bar-room drinking. You mention a volunteer surgeon who has somewhat similar views, i. e., "the use of liquor in any form in the tropics is unnecessary except it be the red wine issued by the Spanish Government to their troops." It is difficult to understand why you can say that these views are directly opposite. You also say: "Judging from the condition and efficiency of the Spanish troops this (red wine) would not seem to have helped them much." It seems to me that it may have helped them very much; for in
The Role of Blood Vessels, Endothelial Cells, and Vascular Pericytes in Insulin Secretion and Peripheral Insulin Action
Authors: Oliver C. Richards, Summer M. Raines, Alan D. Attie
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2010)

The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes is intimately intertwined with the vasculature. Insulin must efficiently enter the bloodstream from pancreatic beta-cells, circulate throughout the body, and efficiently exit the bloodstream to reach target tissues and mediate its effects. Defects in the vasculature of pancreatic islets can lead to diabetic phenotypes. Similarly, insulin resistance is accompanied by defects in the vasculature of skeletal muscle, which ultimately reduce the ability of insulin and nutrients to reach myocytes. An underappreciated participant in these processes is the vascular pericyte. Pericytes, the smooth muscle-like cells lining the outsides of blood vessels throughout the body, have not been directly implicated in insulin secretion or peripheral insulin delivery. Here, we review the role of the vasculature in insulin secretion, islet function, and peripheral insulin delivery, and highlight a potential role for the vascular pericyte in these processes.
Friends and family test results only moderately associated with conventional measures of hospital quality
Authors: Felix Greaves, Anthony A Laverty, Christopher Millett
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Article 3.4 of EC directive 89/381 requires member states to take "all necessary measures to promote Community self-sufficiency in human blood or human plasma" and, for this purpose, to "encourage the voluntary unpaid donation of blood and plasma". This paper presents an ethical case in support of the policy of voluntary, unpaid donation.
Preliminary Clinical Experience with Tc-99m Disofenin as a Biliary Imaging Agent in Pediatrics
Authors: J R STY, R J STARSHAK, S M THORP
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

Tc-99m disofenin, a derivative of iminodiacetic acid, was used to evaluate the biliary tract of 28 children who had a total of 33 examinations. This radiopharmaceutical was rapidly cleared from the blood by the hepatocytes and yielded excellent images of the biliary system. Renal activity did not present difficulty in image interpretation. It provided clinically useful information in a bilirubin range of 0.3 to 14.1 mg/dl. The major categories of acquired and congenital biliary tract abnormalities in children presented no diagnostic difficulty with Tc-99m disofenin.
Projecting Future Heat-Related Mortality under Climate Change Scenarios: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cunrui Huang, Adrian Gerard Barnett, Xiaoming Wang, Pavla Vaneckova, Gerard FitzGerald, Shilu Tong
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

Background: Heat-related mortality is a matter of great public health concern, especially in the light of climate change. Although many studies have found associations between high temperatures and mortality, more research is needed to project the future impacts of climate change on heat-related mortality.Objectives: We conducted a systematic review of research and methods for projecting future heat-related mortality under climate change scenarios.Data sources and extraction: A literature search was conducted in August 2010, using the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, and Web of Science. The search was limited to peer-reviewed journal articles published in English from January 1980 through July 2010.Data synthesis: Fourteen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Most projections showed that climate change would result in a substantial increase in heat-related mortality. Projecting heat-related mortality requires understanding historical temperature–mortality relationships and considering the future changes in climate, population, and acclimatization. Further research is needed to provide a stronger theoretical framework for projections, including a better understanding of socioeconomic development, adaptation strategies, land-use patterns, air pollution, and mortality displacement.Conclusions: Scenario-based projection research will meaningfully contribute to assessing and managing the potential impacts of climate change on heat-related mortality.
Dissecting Aortic Aneurysm Presenting as a Cerebral Catastrophe
Authors: C. Giles
Journal: BMJ (1956)

FOOD HABITS OF MYOPIC CHILDREN MEDICALJSHRNAL myopia because girls are more prone to pick and choose than boys and because the more active the myopia the higher the rate of refusal per head. SummaryThe refusal rates of items of first-class protein are shown to be higher in myopic children than in other children.It is debatable whether this is connected with their myopia.
Immunotherapy, Hay Fever, and Asthma-Reply
Authors: Howard S. Rubenstein
Journal: JAMA (1980)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> A patient with pure, chronic, and severe hay fever could be advised to receive immunotherapy not on grounds that asthma would otherwise develop, but because the therapy might alleviate the hay fever. Dr Tuft apparently does not think this is a sufficiently good reason. Even so, his textbook does not support his assertion with data. His forthcoming article seems to study concurrent ragweed hay fever and asthma, a different problem, for which Bruce et al<sup>1</sup>found no benefit from immunotherapy. If a pediatric allergist studied children at two points in time, however well controlled the experiment, the study would not answer the question whether hay fever in the child treated by immunotherapy prevents asthma in the adult. Still, some pediatric allergists apparently believe that the young adolescents who emerge from their care symptom free forever remain so. However, many such patients as adults end up in a
Medicare Policy for Future Generations — A Search for a Permanent Solution
Authors: P Gramm, A J Rettenmaier, T R Saving
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

The combination of escalating health costs per retiree and the pending retirement of the baby-boom generation makes the preservation of Medicare benefits for our children as well as our parents problematic at best and impossible under current policy. A delay in taking action will guarantee a wholesale loss of retirement health care. The good news is that with decisive action now, the cost of preserving retirement health benefits can be contained and benefits can be guaranteed permanently.Medicare is projected to be a $1.1 trillion drain on the U.S. Treasury over the next decade even though the number of beneficiaries . . .
Effects of Nitroglycerin on "Maximal" Oxygen Intake and Exercise Electrocardiogram in Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: JEAN-MARIE R. DETRY, ROBERT A. BRUCE
Journal: Circulation (1971)

Oxygen intake (V O O2 ) was measured during the last few minutes of a multistage treadmill test of maximal exercise in 12 healthy middle-aged persons, 32 patients with angina, and 23 survivors of myocardial infarction free of angina. Repetition of the same test, after each individual rested 30 min and took 0.4 mg nitroglycerin sublingually, increased V O O2 max in patients with angina (by 14.5%, P &lt; 0.001) and in patients with prior infarction (by 6%, P &lt; 0.005) but not in healthy persons. Angina at V O O2 max was prevented in 12 patients. Maximal heart rate was increased by 11% in the angina group and by 4% in the myocardial infarction group; the maximal blood pressure-heart rate product was increased ( P &lt; 0.005) only in patients with angina. [See Equation in PDF file] voltages from 50 to 69 msec after the nadir of S wave (S-T b ) were quantified by computer averaging of 100 beat samples at several intervals during and after exercise. The amount of [See Equation in PDF file] depression during and after exercise was significantly reduced after administration of nitroglycerin in all three groups. We conclude that nitroglycerin: (1) increases maximal circulatory conductance of O 2 in patients with coronary heart disease, whether or not limited by angina, mainly by increased maximal heart rate, and (2) lessens evidence of electrocardiographic myocardial ischemia and lowers frequency if angina pectoris despite the same or a higher pressure-rate index. These effects suggest a reduction in peripheral vascular tone and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and volume with nitroglycerin.
TCT-722 Diabetes Mellitus Does Not Impact The Short- and Long-Term Outcomes Of Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Sa'ar Minha, Salem Badr, Israel Barbash, Itsik Ben Dor, Fang Chen, Hironori Kitabata, Joshua P. Loh, Marco A. Magalhaes, Petros Okubagzi, Alfazir Omar, Hideaki Ota, lakshmana Pendyala, Kenneth Kent, Augusto Pichard, Lowell F. Satler, William O. Suddath, Rebecca Torguson, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
The Language of Pharmacodynamics
Authors: Susan E. Bates
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

The Oxford English Dictionary defines language as “the method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a structured and conventional way.” This CCR Focus section describes various ways in which anticancer agent pharmacodynamics (PD) is being studied, with the goal of clinical translation. PD is the study of drug action—and all the factors that modify that. Given a new agent in development, the clinical oncologist wants to know the response rate and toxicity, the translational oncologist wants to know whether the drug engaged its target and for how long, and the pharmacologist wants to generate a complex model, such as the one shown in Fig. 1, describing the interrelationship of various factors to treatment effect or toxicity. The authors in this CCR Focus section address various aspects of these equations. With William Douglas Figg and David R. Newell as Guest Editors, the articles show us the complex network that underlies the action of every drug and offer hope that we can eventually understand the factors that influence drug action well enough to use them in the clinical setting to improve cancer treatment. We learn in this CCR Focus section that modern methodologies are available to explore and possibly understand why some patients have side effects when others do not—the kind of science that could lead to further drug discovery. We learn new strategies for determining whether a drug distributes to the tumor tissue (imaging) and whether we can demonstrate a molecular effect in a circulating tumor cell (allowing repeated study and avoiding biopsy). And, we learn that once we know a drug can affect a target, we still are far from having reliable, validated, and widely usable PD assays to prove it. Oncologists and pharmacologists will have to work together, and speak a common language, to make continued progress. We see this CCR Focus section as a step in that direction. As always, we hope that these articles will inform those who are interested but not expert, and challenge and encourage those who are expert in the field.Susan E. BatesDeputy Editor, CCR FocusNational Cancer InstituteSee all articles in this CCR Focus section, “Progress in Pharmacodynamic Endpoints.”
Book: The Clinician's Practical Guide to Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: D. V Keen
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Marianne Mercugliano, Thomas Power, Nathan Blum Brookes Publishing, $39.95, pp 368 ISBN 1 55766 358 0 Rating:![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img>![Graphic][4]</img> Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder must surely have a remarkable status within medical practice. It is the most common neurodevelopmental disability, affecting 3-5% of children of school age, yet most of those receiving medical care have to be looked after by clinicians without any formal training in the condition. Aimed at primary care physicians (in the United States), this book has, as its starting point, the recognition that … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif