tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Alcoholic fatty liver differentially induces a neutrophil-chemokine and hepatic necrosis after ischemia-reperfusion in rat
Authors: Shinwa Yamada, Takeshi Iida, Takahiro Tabata, Minoru Nomoto, Hirofumi Kishikawa, Kimitoshi Kohno, Sumiya Eto
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

Primary graft nonfunction of steatotic liver allograft is one of the factors causing shortage of donor livers. Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is an important contributory factor to primary graft nonfunction. In this study, we investigated the complex chain of events from transcription factor activation to necrosis through cytokine induction and apoptosis in steatotic rat liver after warm I/R. Rats with alcoholic or nonalcoholic fatty liver were subjected to hepatic warm I/R and compared with control rats. Rats fed an ethanol diet for 6 to 8 weeks developed severe hepatic necrosis accompanied by increased neutrophil recruitment after I/R, compared with rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver or control. Hepatic apoptosis as assessed by DNA fragmentation at 4 hours after I/R, however, increased to a similar degree in each of the 2 fatty liver models compared with the control. Alcoholic fatty liver exposed to I/R showed a rapid increase in nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) binding activity at 1 hour after I/R, which preceded an increased expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1). In contrast, nonalcoholic fatty liver did not show such potentiation of either NF-κB activation or cytokine induction after I/R. Our results have indicated that alcoholic fatty liver may differentially induce CINC-1 production and hepatic necrosis after I/R. Furthermore, our results suggest that apoptosis per se does not always lead to necrosis in the liver following I/R.
Uraemic hyperparathyroidism causes a reversible inflammatory process of aortic valve calcification in rats
Authors: M. Shuvy, S. Abedat, R. Beeri, H. D. Danenberg, D. Planer, I. Z. Ben-Dov, K. Meir, J. Sosna, C. Lotan
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

AimsRenal failure is associated with aortic valve calcification (AVC). Our aim was to develop an animal model for exploring the pathophysiology and reversibility of AVC, utilizing rats with diet-induced kidney disease.
Cyclosporine withdrawal and mycophenolate mofetil treatment effects on the progression of chronic cyclosporine nephrotoxicity
Authors: Chul Woo Yang, Hee Jong Ahn, Wan Young Kim, Can Li, Hyung Wook Kim, Bum Soon Choi, Jung Ho Cha, Yong Soo Kim, Jin Kim, Byung Kee Bang
Journal: Kidney International (2002)
Infantile parkinsonism-dystonia: a dopamine “transportopathy”
Authors: Craig Blackstone
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

The dopamine transporter (DAT) retrieves the neurotransmitter dopamine from the synaptic cleft at dopaminergic synapses. Variations in solute carrier family 6A, member 3 (SLC6A3/DAT1), the human gene encoding DAT, have been implicated in attention deficit hyperactivity and bipolar disorders, and DAT is a prominent site of action for drugs such as amphetamines and cocaine. In this issue of the JCI, Kurian et al. report that an autosomal recessive infantile parkinsonism-dystonia is caused by loss-of-function mutations in DAT that impair dopamine reuptake (see the related article beginning on page 1595). Though this might be predicted to result in dopamine excess in the synaptic cleft, it likely also causes depletion of presynaptic dopamine stores and possibly downregulation of postsynaptic dopamine receptor function, resulting in impairments in dopaminergic neurotransmission consistent with the clinical presentation. This is the first report of a genetic alteration in DAT function underlying a parkinsonian disorder.
Transcriptional repression of the RUNX3/AML2 gene by the t(8;21) and inv(16) fusion proteins in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Chi Keung Cheng, Libby Li, Suk Hang Cheng, Kin Mang Lau, Natalie P. H. Chan, Raymond S. M. Wong, Matthew M. K. Shing, Chi Kong Li, Margaret H. L. Ng
Journal: Blood (2008)
US insurance firms vow to retain some health reforms regardless of court ruling on act
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Three large US health insurance companies said that they would keep some key provisions of the Affordable Care Act, the health reform law passed in March 2010,1 regardless of what the Supreme Court decides in the challenge to the constitutionality of the act.

The court will rule on the constitutionality of the health reform law by the end of June.2 It may declare the entire act constitutional or unconstitutional, or it may declare only parts of the act unconstitutional.

United Healthcare, which covers about 36 million people, took the lead. It said the protections were effective …
Multicentric Mixed-Pattern Pneumonia in a Young Adult
Authors: Thomas J. O'Neill
Journal: JAMA (1979)

INFLAMMATORY pseudotumor of the lung previously has been believed to be of a solitary nodule or solitary infiltrate-type pattern. However, as illustrated in the following case report, this may not always be the case. A review of the literature did not reveal any other similar, recognized examples of this entity seen initially as a multicentric, mixedpattern pneumonia in a young adult. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 19-year-old x-ray technician was admitted to the hospital in February 1977 for evaluation of a dry nonproductive cough that had lasted one month and abnormal findings on the chest x-ray film. Symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection had been present in February 1976. At that time, the chest x-ray film showed multiple bilateral parenchymal nodules with a suggestion of cavitation in the right midlung field infiltrates. Those symptoms resolved with symptomatic and antibiotic therapy; however, the radiographic findings persisted. The patient denied having
Long-term urethral catheter drainage.
Authors: E Glen
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Long-term catheter management is best conducted by specially trained community staff, provided there is close liaison with the urologist. Patients, hospital staff, and the primary health care team all benefit. The scheme is cost-effective, more convenient for patients and relatives, and reduces the need for emergency calls to the general practitioner and hospitals. We advocate development of similar schemes in other districts.
Fever in the Neutropenic Patient
Authors: K. Atkinson, H. E. M. Kay, T. J. McElwain
Journal: BMJ (1974)

A total of 100 consecutive episodes of fever of 101 degrees F (38.3 degrees C) or above in 56 neutropenic patients have been investigated. All the patients had either acute leukaemia or aplastic anaemia. A cause for the fever was found in 68 of these episodes, in 87% of which it was due to infection. The commonest single finding was septicaemia (30 episodes). Only two episodes of fever could be ascribed solely to the underlying malignant disease.Infection should be assumed to be present and the cause of fever in neutropenic patients until proved otherwise.
Getting it right for each dying person we care for
Authors: L. A. M. Evans
Journal: BMJ (2013)

It is a tragedy that sensational media reporting and, in a few cases, poor implementation of the Liverpool care pathway, perhaps because of poor education or communication, have led to its abandonment.1 It was at least an attempt to put hospice care into practice in general hospitals. In the 1970s I helped start and run a small hospice unit, but then decided that the greatest need was to apply hospice principles of care …
Treatment with deferoxamine during ischemia improves functional and metabolic recovery and reduces reperfusion-induced oxygen radical generation in rabbit hearts.
Authors: R E Williams, J L Zweier, J T Flaherty
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND Iron may play a central role in oxygen radical generation during myocardial ischemia and after reperfusion. Because conditions during ischemia may also liberate iron, we hypothesized that administration of the iron chelator deferoxamine during ischemia would result in improved functional and metabolic recovery after postischemic reperfusion. METHODS AND RESULTS Isolated, perfused rabbit hearts were studied by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The hearts received one of three treatments: deferoxamine at the onset of 30 minutes of global ischemia (n = 9), deferoxamine as a bolus followed by a continuous 15-minute infusion begun at reflow (n = 9), or standard perfusate (n = 7). Hearts treated with deferoxamine during ischemia showed better recovery of developed pressure than did control hearts (63.2 +/- 7.5% versus 41.2 +/- 2.9% of baseline) (p = 0.02) and better recovery of myocardial phosphocreatine content (92.4 +/- 10.3% versus 68.2 +/- 4.5% of baseline, p less than 0.05). These functional and metabolic benefits were comparable to those obtained with deferoxamine treatment during early reperfusion. In 15 additional hearts, intraischemic treatment with deferoxamine resulted in no reduction in oxygen radical concentrations as measured on frozen tissue by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy at end ischemia, but the treatment eliminated the reperfusion-induced increase of free radical generation observed in control hearts (2.9 +/- 0.01 versus 7.0 +/- 0.07 microM, p less than 0.001). The magnitude of reduction was similar to that when deferoxamine was given at the onset of reflow (2.4 +/- 0.02 microM, p less than 0.001 versus control). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate improved functional and metabolic recovery of myocardium treated with deferoxamine during ischemia, accompanied by a reduction in reperfusion-induced oxygen free-radical generation to the same degree as reflow treatment, confirming the importance of iron in the pathogenesis of myocardial reperfusion injury.
Hospitalized Patients with Staphylococcus aureus in the Intestine
Authors: William H. Dearing
Journal: JAMA (1960)

This study of 243 hospitalized patients with Staphylococcus aureus in the intestine revealed that the symptoms produced by this organism may vary from mild to severe and may disappear with or without specific antibiotic therapy designed to eliminate the organism itself. Staphylococcic enteritis was more likely to occur among postoperative patients who had received antibiotics capable of altering the intestinal bacteria. The same type of Staphylococcus aureus can exist in the intestine and in other sites of the body at the same time. It was noted recently that Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the patient was more and more prone to exhibit resistance to neomycin and to bacitracin, posing problems in preparation of the intestine for operation. Staphylococcic enteritis is readily reversible, while pseudomembranous enterocolitis is usually but not always fatal, regardless of therapy.
Glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTA1) polymorphisms and outcomes after treatment for acute myeloid leukemia: pharmacogenetics in Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) clinical trials
Authors: J R Weiss, K J Kopecky, J Godwin, J Anderson, C L Willman, K B Moysich, M L Slovak, A Hoque, C B Ambrosone
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Prevents Arterial Nuclear Factor-κB Activation, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Expression, and Macrophage Infiltration in a Rabbit Model of Early Accelerated Atherosclerosis
Authors: M. Hernández-Presa, C. Bustos, M. Ortego, J. Tuñon, G. Renedo, M. Ruiz-Ortega, J. Egido
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background The migration of monocytes into the vessel wall is a critical event leading to the development of atherosclerosis. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is the main chemotactic factor involved in this phenomenon, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is one of the nuclear factors controlling its expression. ACE inhibitors have been useful in some experimental models of atherosclerosis. In this work, we addressed the hypothesis that angiotensin II (Ang II) may be implicated in the recruitment of monocytes into the vessel wall through the activation of NF-κB and the induction of MCP-1 expression. Methods and Results Accelerated atherosclerosis was induced in the femoral arteries of rabbits by endothelial desiccation and atherogenic diet for 7 days. Atherosclerotic vessels exhibited an increase in NF-κB–like activity, and p50 and p65 NF-κB subunits were identified as components of this activity. MCP-1 (mRNA and protein) was also expressed in the injured vessels coincidently with the neointimal macrophage infiltration. ACE inhibition with quinapril reduced these three parameters. In cultured monocytic and vascular smooth muscle cells, Ang II elicited an increase in NF-κB activation and MCP-1 expression that was prevented by preincubation of cells with pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate, an inhibitor of NF-κB activation. Conclusions The present data support a role for Ang II in neointimal monocyte infiltration through NF-κB activation and MCP-1 expression in a model of accelerated atherosclerosis in rabbits. Our results suggest that ACE inhibitors may have a beneficial effect in early atherosclerosis.
SCUBE2 Suppresses Breast Tumor Cell Proliferation and Confers a Favorable Prognosis in Invasive Breast Cancer
Authors: Chien-Jui Cheng, Yuh-Charn Lin, Ming-Tzu Tsai, Ching-Shyang Chen, Mao-Chih Hsieh, Chi-Long Chen, Ruey-Bing Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Signal peptide-CUB-epidermal growth factor–like domain-containing protein 2 (SCUBE2), originally identified from the endothelium and several nonendothelial primary cell types, was recently shown to be expressed in invasive breast carcinomas. However, the protein localization and biological significance of SCUBE2 in breast cancer are unknown. In this report, we show by anti-SCUBE2 immunostaining that SCUBE2 is mainly expressed in vascular endothelial and mammary ductal epithelial cells in normal breast tissue. In addition, we observed positive staining for SCUBE2 in 55% (86 of 156) of primary breast tumors. Patients with positive SCUBE2 protein–expressing tumors had better prognosis than those with negative SCUBE2 protein–expressing tumors in terms of disease-free survival. Multivariate analysis confirmed SCUBE2 protein expression as an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival. Furthermore, overexpression of ectopic SCUBE2 protein resulted in suppression of MCF-7 breast cancer cell proliferation and reduced MCF-7 xenograft tumor growth in nude mice. Molecular and biochemical analyses revealed that the COOH terminal region of SCUBE2 directly bound to and antagonized bone morphogenetic protein activity. Together, our results show for the first time that altered SCUBE2 expression is important in breast cancer progression and SCUBE2 may serve as a useful prognostic marker. [Cancer Res 2009;69(8):3634–41]
Infantile Glaucoma
Authors: Daniel I. Weiss
Journal: JAMA (1966)

After the rubella epidemic of 1964, we studied eight infants in whom congenital glaucoma developed following suspected or proved maternal rubella. Rubella virus was isolated from seven of the infants, and the eighth had a significant titer (1:64) of rubella serum neutralizing antibody at age 3 months. Infantile glaucoma was the only manifestation of congenital rubella in one infant. In another infant, glaucoma first became apparent at age 8 months. Infantile glaucoma must be distinguished from the transient corneal clouding occasionally observed in congenital rubella. Rubella acquired in utero is one cause of congenital glaucoma.
Readings in Medical Artificial Intelligence: The First Decade
Authors: Matthew Cushing
Journal: JAMA (1986)

No subject linking computers and medicine glitters with more promise for excitement. No subject anticipates more revolutionary change in the way we deal with clinical problems. No subject can arouse the joy of intellectual conquest as can that of artificial intelligence. Linking the infallible memory and rigorous logic of the computer to the insight, common sense, and pattern recognition of the brain, artificial intelligence will improve our power over disease by a quantum leap. This I feel with intuitive certainty. So I leapt into this book with breathless anticipation. The list of authors includes all the leaders in the application of descriptive logic to problem solving. The subjects covered span the breadth of this enterprise in the first decade of the quest. Alas, the organization is chronological and the tone pedantic. The book consists of a series of original scholarly works published in the years 1973 through 1982. Although they
MEDICAL ASPECTS OF CHOLELITHIASIS.
Authors: ROBERT B. PREBLE
Journal: JAMA (1902)

It will be quite impossible in the time suitable for an occasion like this to even touch upon many of the important phases of this question and I shall therefore limit myself to those aspects which it would seem desirable to discuss before a surgical society, in other words, to consider the reasons why this disease, which ideally is a surgical one, falls so largely to the lot of the medical man. In the first place, the burden of the diagnosis is on the latter, for the surgeon rarely sees these patients first. Secondly, the medical man is the one who decides which cases shall be operated on and which shall be treated by medical means, for the great bulk of the cases do not require mechanical interference, but any case may at any moment require it and some cases from the outset of the symptoms are inappropriate for medical
Co-infection of macrophages modulates interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor-induced activation against intracellular pathogens.
Authors: C M Black, L E Bermudez, L S Young, J S Remington
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Co-infection of macrophages (M phi) with Toxoplasma gondii and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) has been observed in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In this study we have demonstrated that co-infected murine M phi respond differently to cytokine stimulation than M phi infected with either of the microorganisms alone. Whereas treatment with interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) activated both single and co-infected groups of M phi to kill T. gondii, treatment with TNF did not influence the rate of MAC growth in co-infected M phi, in contrast with the inhibition of growth observed in MAC-infected M phi. These results suggest that in AIDS patients suffering infection with multiple intracellular pathogens, the ability of cytokines to stimulate microbicidal or static activity in mononuclear phagocytes can be impaired by the presence of more than one of the intracellular organisms.
Screening for Asymptomatic Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes—Reply
Authors: Frans J. Th. Wackers
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An Information-Theoretic Method for the Treatment of Plural Ancestry in Phylogenetics
Authors: S. Munshaw, T. B. Kepler
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

In the presence of recombination and gene conversion, a given genomic segment may inherit information from 2 distinct immediate ancestors. The importance of this type of molecular inheritance has become increasingly clear over the years, and the potential for erroneous inference when it is not accounted for in the statistical model is well documented. Yet, the inclusion of plural ancestry (PA) in phylogenetic analysis is still not routine. This omission is due to the greater difficulty of phylogenetic inference on general acyclic graphs compared that on with trees and the accompanying computational burden. We have developed a technique for phylogenetic inference in the presence of PA based on the principle of minimum description length, which assigns a cost—the description length—to each network topology given the observed sequence data. The description length combines the cost of poor data fit and model complexity in terms of information. This device allows us to search through network topologies to minimize the total description length. By comparing the best models obtained with and without PA, one can determine whether or not recombination has played an active role in the evolution of the genes under investigation, identify those genes that appear to be mosaic, and infer the phylogenetic network that best represents the history of the alignment. We show that the method performs well on simulated data and demonstrate its application on HIV env gene sequence data from 8 human subjects. The software implementation of the method is available upon request.
Eight Further Cases of Radiation-induced Cancer
Authors: M. Garrett
Journal: BMJ (1959)

The production of anti-Jka as a result of pregnancy is rare.Simmons, Graydon, Jakobowicz, Santamaria, and Garson (1957) have reviewed the literature and described a case of their own.This note reports the finding of a further example of the antibody produced in this way, and demonstrates the importance of using suitable anti- globulin sera in compatibility tests. Case ReportDuring her first pregnancy, Mrs. H. was found to be group 0, rhesus negative, and her serum was free from immune antibodies; none were detected 10 days after delivery.The techniques used would have detected anti-Jka if this had been present.During her second pregnancy the only investigations of her blood were carried out 10 days before delivery.The sample submitted was too small for a full investigation, and on the limited amount of serum available we detected anti-D and anti-C active in saline and albumin.The serum was not tested by the indirect antiglobulin test against known rhesus-negative cells.As Mrs. H. had never been transfused the possibility of yet a third antibody was not considered.She was delivered of a group 0 rhesus-positive child.The direct antiglobulin test was positive, and the haematological and clinical findingsindicatedthattransfusion was necessary.Group 0, rhesus-negative donor blood was matched against the mother's serum by saline, albumin, and antiglobulin techniques, and the cells of one donor were found incompatible by the antiglobulin technique.Other donors were compatible, and the baby was treated and progressed well.The blood samples of the parents and their baby were submitted for further investigation.Further Serological Investigations Red cells.-Mrs.H.: 0, MNS, Pi-ve, cde/cde, kk, Le(a+b-), Lu(a-), Fy(a+), Jk(a-), Wr(a-).Mr. H.: A1, MsNs, P,-ve, CDe/cde, kk, Le(a-b +), Lu(a +), Fy(a-), Jk(a+), Wr(a-).Baby H.: 0, CDe/cde, direct antiglobulin test positive.(Examined at a later date and found to be Jk(a +) when the antiglobulin test was negative.)Serum.-The presence of anti-D and anti-C active in saline and albumin was confirmed, and examination against a panel of cde/cde cells suggested that the serum contained the immune antibody anti-Jka active by the antiglobulin technique, but completely inactive in saline and albumin media (see Table ).Rhesus-negative Cells Jk(a +) Jk(a-)Mrs. H.'s serumf Positive 13 0 P= 8 ( Negative ..