tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A human vaccine strategy based on chimpanzee adenoviral and MVA vectors that primes, boosts, and sustains functional HCV-specific T cell memory
Authors: Leo Swadling, Stefania Capone, Richard D. Antrobus, Anthony Brown, Rachel Richardson, Evan W. Newell, John Halliday, Christabel Kelly, Dan Bowen, Joannah Fergusson, Ayako Kurioka, Virginia Ammendola, Mariarosaria Del Sorbo, Fabiana Grazioli, Maria Luisa Esposito, Loredana Siani, Cinzia Traboni, Adrian Hill, Stefano Colloca, Mark Davis, Alfredo Nicosia, Riccardo Cortese, Antonella Folgori, Paul Klenerman, Eleanor Barnes
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2014)

A prime-boost HCV vaccine strategy induces durable and broad T cell responses, characteristic of those associated with viral control.
Recombinant Human Growth Hormone in Patients with HIV-Associated Wasting
Authors: Morris Schambelan, Kathleen Mulligan, Carl Grunfeld, Eric S. Daar, Anthony LaMarca, Donald P. Kotler, Jack Wang, Samuel A. Bozzette, James B. Breitmeyer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Background: Body wasting, particularly loss of body cell mass, is an increasingly prevalent acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining condition and is an independent risk factor for death in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Treatment with growth hormone for 7 days resulted in weight gain and nitrogen retention, but the long-term effects of this treatment in patients with HIV-associated wasting are not known. Objective: To evaluate the long-term effect of treatment with growth hormone on weight, body composition, functional performance, and quality of life in patients with HIV-associated wasting. Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Setting: Outpatient university and community-based patient care facilities. Patients: 178 HIV-infected patients with a documented unintentional weight loss of at least 10% or weight less than 90% of the lower limit of ideal body weight. Intervention: Patients were randomly assigned to receive either recombinant human growth hormone, 0.1 mg/kg of body weight per day (average dosage, 6 mg/d) (n = 90) or placebo (n = 88) for 12 weeks. Measurements: Weight; body fat, lean body mass, and bone mineral content (measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry); total body water (by deuterium oxide dilution); extracellular water (by sodium bromide dilution); work output (by treadmill exercise); quality of life; and safety of treatment. Results: Treatment with growth hormone resulted in a sustained and statistically significant increase in weight (mean increase ±SD, 1.6 ± 3.7 kg [P < 0.001]) and lean body mass (3.0 ± 3.0 kg [P < 0.001]), accompanied by a decrease in body fat (- 1.7 ± 1.7 kg [P < 0.001]). In contrast, in patients receiving placebo, weight (increase, 0.1 ± 3.1 kg), lean body mass (decrease, 0.1 ± 2.0 kg), and body fat (decrease, 0.3 ± 2.2 kg) did not change significantly from baseline. Differences between groups at week 12 were statistically significant (P = 0.011 for body weight and P < 0.001 for lean body mass and body fat). A greater increase in treadmill work output was noted in the group receiving growth hormone (increase, 99 ± 293 kg·m/min) compared with the group receiving placebo (increase, 20 ± 233 kg·m/min) (P = 0.039). Health status (quality of life) scores did not differ between groups at baseline or after treatment. Days of disability and use of medical resources were the same for both groups. Treatment was well tolerated; no significant differences were seen between groups in clinical events, progression of AIDS, CD4+ or CD8+ cell counts, or viral burden. Conclusion: Treatment with growth hormone increases body weight, lean body mass, and treadmill work output and appears to be a safe and potentially effective therapy in patients with HIV-associated wasting. *For members of the Serostim Study Group, see the Appendix.
The importance of information dissemination in the prevention of occupational cancer.
Authors: L J Fine
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

It is assumed that prevention of occupational cancer depends upon dissemination of research findings, resulting in changes in work processes and reduction of occupational exposures to carcinogens. Examples of successes and failures of information dissemination are found in the results of research on silicosis. Better assessment of the effectiveness of information dissemination is needed, along with greater understanding of the barriers to implementation of the information by workers and management and improved hazard surveillance.
REMOVAL OF SUBOCCIPITAL MENINGOCELE WITH CURE
Authors: O. H. Fulcher
Journal: JAMA (1933)

This case is reported because of its rarity and because of the fact that a cure of the patient was effected. A white baby, aged 5 months, was brought to the office by its mother, March 17, 1932, who gave the following clinical history: She had noticed a lump in the suboccipital region of the infant when it was only a few days old. This lump had gradually increased in size until it had become as large as the child's head. During the preceding two weeks the child had vomited after each feeding, and it had lost weight. She had taken the child to several doctors, who had given her no hopes for cure. The baby was poorly nourished and markedly dehydrated. It weighed 9 pounds (4 Kg.). There was a huge suboccipital meningocele about the size of the child's head. The coverings of the meningocele were sufficiently thin to
WHO outlines strategy for universal healthcare coverage for Asia
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A new strategy endorsed by the World Health Organization calls on countries to strive for universal access to health care. The health financing strategy for the Asia Pacific region (2010-15) was unveiled at the 60th session of WHO’s regional committee for the Western Pacific, held from 21 to 25 September in Hong Kong.

“If health systems do not provide adequate financial protection, large numbers of households can be pushed into poverty by ill health and by paying out of pocket for health care,” said Shin Young-soo, WHO’s director for the Western Pacific region.

The …
A Case of Salmonella paratyphi B Septicaemia Complicated by Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, Severe Hepatitis Rhabdomyolysis and Acute Renal Failure
Authors: F. Sirmatel, I. Balci, O. Sirmatel, N. Bayazit, S. Hocaoglu
Journal: Journal of Infection (2001)
Abstract 319: The mucin MUC16 protects ovarian cancer cells from innate immune responses
Authors: Mildred Felder, Joseph Connor, Alexander Rakhmilevich, Xiaoyi Qu, Arvinder Kapur, Manish S. Patankar
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Epithelial ovarian cancer cells overexpress the mucin MUC16. The estimated molecular weight of this membrane spanning mucin is ∼5 million Da. CA125, a diagnostic marker used to monitor regression and recurrence of ovarian cancer in patients undergoing treatment for this disease, is a repeating peptide epitope present in MUC16. Recent studies have indicated that MUC16 facilitates metastasis of ovarian cancer cells and likely also plays a pro-oncogenic role. We have demonstrated that MUC16 protects the ovarian cancer cells from natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The large molecular weight allows the mucin to act as a barrier around the cancer cells and prevent the formation of activating immune synapses between NK cells and ovarian cancer cells. In addition, MUC16 also inhibits NK cell responses by interacting with the inhibitory receptor Siglec-9. Here, we extend these initial studies to demonstrate that knockdown of MUC16 impairs ovarian cancer cells from forming tumors in SCID mice. Cytotoxicity experiments using splenocytes from SCID mice proved that the residual biologically active macrophages and NK cells from SCID mice are able to more effectively lyse the MUC16 knockdown ovarian cancer cells as compared to control cells expressing this mucin. The higher susceptibility of the MUC16 knockdown cells to immune cell mediated lysis was also observed when assays were conducted with murine effectors that were previously stimulated with anti-CD40 antibody. In addition, our data also demonstrates that humanized anti-EpCAM antibody is unable to overcome the immunesuppression mediated by MUC16. Stimulation of the immune cells with the cytokine huKS-IL2, an immunotherapeutic agent used in ovarian cancer clinical trials, also does not circumvent the immunosuppressive effects of MUC16. The data we have obtained indicates that ovarian cancer cells specifically express MUC16 to protect themselves from immune attack. Modulation of MUC16 expression may therefore serve as a useful strategy to control the progression of ovarian cancer via immunologic therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 319. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-319
PMO-163 Fibroscan delineates significant fibrosis better than the King's Fibrosis Score, APRI and FIB4 score when correlated to liver biopsy in a large monocentric cohort of hepatitis C patients
Authors: L-M See, B Kok, N Kamparidis, M-A Badot, S Hodgson, I Carey, D Joshi, M Heneghan, P Harrison, K Agarwal
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In the context of consideration of antiviral therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV), fibrosis assessment is critical. An increasing array of non-invasive blood panels are in use; in addition Liver Stiffness Measurements (LSM) by Fibroscan is an established clinical tool in some clinical centres. Liver biopsy is however still perceived as the “silver” standard for fibrosis assessment in HCV. The aim of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of LSM, King9s Fibrosis Score (KFS), APRI (aspartate aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio) and FIB4 score (age, platelets, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase) in predicting significant fibrosis (Ishak score F3–F6) and cirrhosis (F5–F6) in a large monocentric cohort of HCV patients. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrospective data collection was performed on 484 patients with hepatitis C that underwent both Fibroscan and liver biopsy at King9s College Hospital between November 2006 and November 2011. Data were analysed to correlate liver biopsy results with LSM, KFS, APRI and FIB4 score. Each biopsy was assessed via Ishak score with three specialist Liver Histopathologists. All Fibroscans were performed by two trained operators. Each test was correlated against liver biopsy findings using ROC curves, sensitivity and specificity. <h3>Results</h3> For predicting significant fibrosis (F3–F6), the area under receiver operating curves 95% CIs were 0.81 (0.77 to 0.85, p&lt;0.001) for LSM; 0.71 (0.66 to 0.76, p&lt;0.001) for KFS; 0.71 (0.66 to 0.76, p&lt;0.001) for APRI and 0.79 (0.73 to 0.84, p&lt;0.001) for FIB4 score. In the diagnosis of cirrhosis, the area under receiver operating curves was 0.83 (0.76 to 0.9, p&lt;0.001) for LSM, 0.72 (0.64 to 0.79, p&lt;0.001) for KFS, 0.67 (0.59 to 0.75, p&lt;0.001) for APRI and 0.77 (0.68 to 0.85, p&lt;0.001) for FIB4 score respectively. A LSM threshold of 7.8 kPa had a 68% sensitivity and 81% specificity to detect significant fibrosis and a threshold of 10.25 kPa had a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 80% in detecting cirrhosis. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In our real-life monocentric HCV population, liver stiffness measurement via Fibroscan performed best in prediction of both moderate fibrosis and cirrhosis in comparison to the KFS, APRI and FIB4. However, all these panels performed reasonably in delineating significant fibrosis and cirrhosis. An increased availability of Fibroscan, coupled with non-invasive fibrosis panels in primary or outreach settings can radically improve the clinical assessment and evaluation of HCV patients for HCV therapy, while also defraying cost and improving safety and acceptability from a patient perspective. Non-invasive fibrosis assessment needs to be widely available. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Septic Gonococcal Dermatitis
Authors: J. Barr, D. Danielsson
Journal: BMJ (1971)

The overall incidence in gonorrhoea of septic gonococcal dermatitis was found to be 1.9% (3% for the females and 0.7% for the males). In 23 patients the common presenting symptoms were arthritis or arthralgia and bouts of fever, but the characteristic skin lesions served as an early clue to the diagnosis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolated from the genitourinary tract or from the blood. With the use of immunofluorescent techniques gonococci were also found in smears prepared from the skin lesions. An immune response to gonococci was found with the complement fixation technique in 90% of the patients. The response to treatment with penicillin was prompt, with complete relief from joint pains and fever, usually within two to seven days. The skin lesions faded within a few days, but scars could be observed for up to four weeks.
Quality of life and fear of cancer recurrence after endoscopic and surgical treatment for early neoplasia in Barrett’s esophagus
Authors: W. Rosmolen, K. Boer, R. de Leeuw, C. Gamel, M. van Berge Henegouwen, J. Bergman, M. Sprangers
Journal: Endoscopy (2010)

Background and study aims: Endoscopic treatment of early neoplasia in Barrett's esophagus preserves the esophagus and is minimally invasive compared with surgical treatment. However, the influence of endoscopic therapy on quality of life (QOL) and fear of cancer recurrence is unknown. We explored QOL and fear of cancer recurrence 12 – 60 months after endoscopic and surgical treatment for early Barrett's neoplasia, using a cross-sectional design.
Abstract B1: Chemotherapy induces NEDP1-mediated destabilization of MDM2
Authors: Ian R. Watson, Bryan K. Li, Olga Roche, Alvaro Blanch, Michael Ohh, Meredith S. Irwin
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract MDM2 is an E3 ligase that promotes ubiquitin-mediated destruction of p53. Cellular stresses such as DNA damage can lead to p53 activation due in part to MDM2 destabilization. Here, we show that the stability of MDM2 is regulated by an ubiquitin-like NEDD8 pathway and identify NEDP1 as a chemotherapy-induced isopeptidase that deneddylates MDM2, resulting in MDM2 destabilization concomitant with p53 activation. Concordantly, RNA-imediated knockdown of endogenous NEDP1 blocked diminution of MDM2 levels and increased chemoresistance of tumor cells. These findings unveil the regulation of MDM2 stability via NEDP1 as a common molecular determinant governing chemotherapy-induced p53-dependent cell death. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):B1.
Coronary angioplasty, atherectomy and bypass surgery in cardiac transplant recipients
Authors: A. Arthur Halle, Germano DiSciascio, Edward K. Massin, Robert F. Wilson, Maryl R. Johnson, Henry J. Sullivan, Robert C. Bourge, Neal S. Kleiman, Leslie W. Miller, Thomas R. Aversano, Robert B. Wray, Sharon A. Hunt, Mark W. Weston, Ross A. Davies, Gustavo Rincon, Chauncey C. Crandall, Michael J. Cowley, Spencer H. Kubo, Susan G. Fisher, George W. Vetrovec
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Automated simultaneous echocardiographic quantification of myocardial perfusion and regional left ventricular function in patients post myocardial infarction
Authors: Victor Mor-Avi, Jeanne M. DeCara, James E. Bednarz, Lynn Weinert, Keith A. Collins, Enrico G. Caiani, Roberto M. Lang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
Haplotypes of the human β‐like globin gene cluster: Analyzing the 3′ Hpa I polymorphic site by long distance PCR
Authors: Sujit Sheth, Sergio Piomelli, Xiuhua Wang
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1995)

Abstract Haplotypes of the β‐like globin gene cluster in individuals with sickle cell disease appear to be important as prognostic factors for the severity of the disease. The Hpa I polymorphic site 3′ of the β‐globin gene is very often involved in haplotyping. However, this restriction site cannot be ascertained by conventional PCR, as it is in the middle of a long repetitive sequence. Long distance PCR was employed to amplify this Hpa I‐containing region. By positioning either one or both primers outside the repetitive sequence, specific amplification was achieved. Moreover, sufficient amplification can be obtained by using a white cell lysate instead of purified DNA, thereby significantly reducing the amount of blood needed, and the total procedure time.
The Somatics of Psyche: Structural Neuromorphometry of Bipolar Disorder
Authors: A. Benabarre, E. Vieta, A. Martinez-Arán, M. Reinares, F. Colom, F. Lomeña, F. Martin, M. Valdés
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2002)

Many neuroimaging investigations report structural differences in subjects with bipolar disorder; however, conflicting results are common in the limited number of available investigations. Thus, the structural correlates of bipolar disorders remain poorly understood. The authors reviewed the early investigations using computed tomography and examined gross structural differences, such as cerebral atrophy, ventricular enlargement, or cerebellar atrophy. Many of these investigations report significant differences in these features compared with controls, whereas others found no such differences. More recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) investigations have employed increasingly sophisticated imaging and research methodologies, allowing for the quantitative examination of specific brain regions. Because neuropsychological and functional studies suggest abnormalities in frontal, temporal and subcortical regions, many investigators have focused their MRI neuromorphometric studies on these temporal limbic structures. However, the number of investigations examining each of these regions remains small, and conflicting results continue to be reported. It seems clear that for many brain regions, the structural changes from normal may be subtle, and that the differences in the reported studies may be due to differences in research methodologies between studies and across centers.
MicroRNA Mediates DNA Demethylation Events Triggered by Retinoic Acid during Neuroblastoma Cell Differentiation
Authors: Sudipto Das, Niamh Foley, Kenneth Bryan, Karen M. Watters, Isabella Bray, Derek M. Murphy, Patrick G. Buckley, Raymond L. Stallings
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Neuroblastoma is an often fatal pediatric cancer arising from precursor cells of the sympathetic nervous system. 13-Cis retinoic acid is included in the treatment regimen for patients with high-risk disease, and a similar derivative, all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), causes neuroblastoma cell lines to undergo differentiation. The molecular signaling pathways involved with ATRA-induced differentiation are complex, and the role that DNA methylation changes might play are unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genome-wide effects of ATRA on DNA methylation using methylated DNA immunoprecipitation applied to microarrays representing all known promoter and CpG islands. Four hundred and two gene promoters became demethylated, whereas 88 were hypermethylated post-ATRA. mRNA expression microarrays revealed that 82 of the demethylated genes were overexpressed by >2-fold, whereas 13 of the hypermethylated genes were underexpressed. Gene ontology analysis indicated that demethylated and re-expressed genes were enriched for signal transduction pathways, including NOS1, which is required for neural cell differentiation. As a potential mechanism for the DNA methylation changes, we show the downregulation of methyltransferases, DNMT1 and DNMT3B, along with the upregulation of endogenous microRNAs targeting them. Ectopic overexpression of miR-152, targeting DNMT1, also negatively affected cell invasiveness and anchorage-independent growth, contributing in part to the differentiated phenotype. We conclude that functionally important, miRNA-mediated DNA demethylation changes contribute to the process of ATRA-induced differentiation resulting in the activation of NOS1, a critical determinant of neural cell differentiation. Our findings illustrate the plasticity and dynamic nature of the epigenome during cancer cell differentiation.
Diabetes Is Still a Risk Factor for Restenosis After Drug-Eluting Stent in Coronary Arteries
Authors: André J. Scheen, Fabian Warzée
Journal: Diabetes Care (2004)

We read with interest the meta-analysis of the effect of diabetes on restenosis rates among patients receiving coronary angioplasty stenting (1). This meta-analysis of six clinical trials showed that the odds ratio (OR) of coronary artery restenosis associated with diabetes was 1.61 (95% CI 1.21–2.14, P = 0.004) in univariate logistic regression models, but it decreased to 1.30 (0.99–1.70, P = 0.055) after age was controlled in multivariate models. All trials selected in this meta-analysis used classical bare-metal stents. However, drug-eluting stents (DESs) have been shown to improve outcomes among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention by significantly reducing restenosis rates (2).

We performed …
FIBROUS POLYPUS OF THE RECTUM.
Authors: G. W. H. KEMPER
Journal: JAMA (1895)

The specimen here presented is one of fibrous polypus recently removed from the rectum of a girl aged 6 years. At various times before the removal of the tumor, the child had passed slight quantities of bloody mucus, and the mother, at times, had noticed a fleshy mass presenting at the anal orifice. The father had applied to us for medicine for piles, but the exceeding rarity of hemorrhoids in children led us to suggest to him to bring her in for examination; and that it was probably a case of polypus. This was confirmed upon examination. The tumor was attached by a long slim pedicle to the rectal wall nearly an inch above the external sphincter. After the expulsion of a warm water enema the polypus came into full view, and its size and attachment determined. A ligature was thrown around it near its junction with the pedicle and
Human recombinant Histamine Releasing Factor (HrHRF) Induced Histamine Release (HR) is Associated with SHIP Knockdown (k/d) in both the Cultured Human Mast Cell (MC) and Basophil Models
Authors: J.M. Langdon, J.T. Schroeder, A.P. Bieneman, B.M. Vonakis, S.M. MacDonald
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
The system must change
Authors: H. Gibson
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Forty years ago women fought for their careers against expectations that kept them at home raising children. Now expectations are that we should successfully combine careers and family, with still enough time for an active social life. Once, I fully supported this belief. As a junior doctor, I could not understand how talented doctors with good prospects could give up their dream careers for more family time. The idealistic picture changed with my marriage and the birth of my first son, but still I could not imagine sacrificing my career to stay at home raising children.

Then my husband was given the opportunity to work in Canada for three years. We went despite the fact that Canada has tough licensing laws for foreign trained doctors and my chances of working were slim. We planned to have another child and I viewed it as extended maternity leave. We have been in Canada for two years and I can now look with hindsight on my time as a doctor in Britain.

Throughout medical school and from the time that doctors qualify there is a pressure on them to fit into the system if …