tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract LB-281: Coffee intake reduces hepatocellular carcinoma risk: The Multiethnic Cohort
Authors: Veronica Wendy Setiawan, Lynne R. Wilkens, Brenda Y. Hernandez, Loic L. Marchand, Brian E. Henderson
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: Coffee consumption has been suggested to reduce hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in epidemiological studies. Yet, data from prospective studies in US populations are nonexistent. Here we evaluated the association between coffee intake and HCC incidence in multiethnic US populations. Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis of 179,890 African-American, Native Hawaiian, Japanese-American, Latino and white men and women who were recruited into the Multiethnic Cohort Study between 1993 and 1996. Participants reported their coffee consumption and other dietary and lifestyle factors at baseline and were followed up to 18 years for HCC incidence. Serologic testing for hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infection was performed on a subset of cohort participants (152 HCC cases and 460 non-cases). Hazard rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox regression adjusting for sex, ethnicity, education, alcohol intake, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), and history of diabetes mellitus. Results: During a median follow-up period of 16.6 years, 498 participants had developed HCC. High levels of regular coffee consumption were associated with reduced risk of HCC (P for trend &amp;lt;0.0001). Compared to non-drinkers/low consumers (up to six cups per week) of coffee, individuals who consumed one to three cups of coffee per day had a 29% reduction in risk of HCC (RR=0.71; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.86) and those who had four or more cups of coffee per day had a 42% reduction in risk of HCC (RR=0.58; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.92). The inverse relationships between coffee and HCC were similar regardless of the participants’ ethnicity, sex, BMI, smoking status, alcohol intake, or diabetes status. Within a subset of cohort participants with available HBV and HCV serologic data, coffee consumption was not associated with infection status (P=0.63). Conclusions: These results suggest that an increased coffee consumption may reduce the risk of developing HCC in multiethnic US populations. Citation Format: Veronica Wendy Setiawan, Lynne R. Wilkens, Brenda Y. Hernandez, Loic Le Marchand, Brian E. Henderson. Coffee intake reduces hepatocellular carcinoma risk: The Multiethnic Cohort. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-281. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-281
Neurophysiology, Philosophy on Collision Course?
Authors: Paul Cotton
Journal: JAMA (1993)

SCIENCE MAY be on a collision course with one of society's most cherished beliefs. Rapid advances in neuroscience may shed new light on the old question of whether humans have free will. The existence of free will—the ability of humans to act as moral beings not subject to physically or divinely imposed necessity—is a cornerstone of law, religion, and most people's own understanding of themselves. Researchers already are beginning to devise ways to correlate the mushrooming amounts of data on the genetic, cellular, molecular, and electromagnetic details of neurologic phenomena like perception, learning, memory, emotion, sexuality, aggression, and decision making into what they hope will be a map of the human brain (<i>JAMA</i>. 1993;269:1357). "We can actually look at the brain in close to real-time operation, and see the processes that underlie decision making as they occur," says Michael Merzenich, MD, professor of physiology and otolaryngology, and founding member of
Eosinophilic Infiltration in the Colon and Liver Mimicking Primary Colon Cancer With Hepatic Metastases on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Il Jo, Kyoung Sook Won, Byung Wook Choi, Sung Hoon Kim, Seok Kil Zeon
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

We describe the case of a 78-year-old man presenting with abdominal pain and a weight loss of 5 kg over 2 months. Colonoscopy and abdominal CT suggested colon cancer of hepatic flexure. F-FDG PET/CT scan showed moderate FDG uptake lesion at the hepatic flexure colon and multiple foci of FDG accumulation in the liver. These were considered as colon cancer with multiple hepatic metastases. However, the pathologic finding of colonoscopic biopsy and CT-guided liver biopsy showed only eosinophilic infiltration and no evidence of malignancy.
Clinical Anesthesia Conferences
Authors: Leroy D. Vandam
Journal: JAMA (1967)

This handsome volume is a compilation of the clinical anesthesia conferences that have been a popular feature of the New York State Journal of Medicine since 1956. Prepared originally by the Anesthesia Study Committees of the New York State Society of Anesthesiologists, 77 of these conferences have now been selected for publication by an editing committee led by Lester C. Mark. They have rewritten, consolidated, and rearranged the case reports by topics, revised the discussions, and updated the references. This is all to the good; for in comparison with the originals the discussions are much more to the point and the writing quite considerably better.  There are sections on respiration, circulation, blood transfusion, regional anesthesia, use of muscle relaxants, obstetrics, transurethral resection of the prostate, anesthetic technique, and problems of management. With few exceptions the case reports pertain to anesthetic complications per se or those relating to surgical difficulties. Although
Interleukin-6 protects hepatocytes from CCl4-mediated necrosis and apoptosis in mice by reducing MMP-2 expression
Authors: Meena B. Bansal, Kellen Kovalovich, Ritu Gupta, Wei Li, Akansha Agarwal, Brian Radbill, Carlos E. Alvarez, Rifaat Safadi, M. Isabel Fiel, Scott L. Friedman, Rebecca A. Taub
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2005)
Symptoms and Functional Status of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Michiel Rienstra, Steven A. Lubitz, Saagar Mahida, Jared W. Magnani, João D. Fontes, Moritz F. Sinner, Isabelle C. Van Gelder, Patrick T. Ellinor, Emelia J. Benjamin
Journal: Circulation (2012)
Following up outpatients by telephone: pilot study
Authors: B. Pal
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Following up outpatients by telephone: pilot study Badal PalThe potential of the telephone in routine medical care has not been widely explored. 1 2On a detailed questionnaire on follow up by telephone that canvassed the views of 275 outpatients, 160 (80%) stated they would be willing to accept this. 3 We evaluated the role and value of follow up by telephone in the continuing care of rheumatology outpatients.
Pass the bicarb: the importance of HCO3– for mucin release
Authors: Robert C. De Lisle
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2009)

Accumulation of thick, sticky mucus is a hallmark of the genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF) and has a central role in CF pathophysiology. Mutations in the CF transmembrane regulator (CFTR) ion channel are known to result in abnormally thick and sticky mucus; however, why mucus accumulates in CF is still not completely understood. In this issue of the JCI, Garcia and colleagues show that mucin--the heavily glycosylated protein contained within mucus--requires CFTR and bicarbonate in order to be released from mouse intestine (see the related article beginning on page 2613). The authors propose a model whereby CFTR-mediated bicarbonate secretion must be concurrent with mucin exocytosis for proper mucin release.
The Hepatotoxicity of Valproic Acid and Its Metabolites in Rats. I. Toxicologic, Biochemical and Histopathologic Studies
Authors: James W. Kesterson, Richard G. Granneman, Joseph M. Machinist
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

Valproic acid (VPA), its unsaturated metabolites and pent-4-enoate (4-PA) were studied for potential hepatotoxicity in rats. 4-PA, 4-en-VPA and 2,4-dien-VPA were potent inducers of microvesicular steatosis in young rats. Microvesicular steatosis induced by the 4-en-VPA was accompanied by ultrastructural changes characterized by myeloid bodies, lipid vacuoles and mitochondrial abnormalities. Myeloid bodies and lipid vacuoles were seen to a lesser extent in 2,4-dien-VPA and 4-PA-treated rats. VPA failed to induce discernible liver lesions in young rats even at near lethal doses of 700 mg per kg per day. The drug did, however, induce hepatic lipid accumulation in mature rats and in young rats dosed concomitantly with phenobarbital. β-oxidation inhibition and several other biochemical alterations were observed in rats dosed with VPA, its unsaturated metabolites and 4-PA. It was suggested that β-oxidation inhibition observed in both VPA and en-metabolite-treated rats occurred by different mechanisms. VPA inhibits by a transient sequestering of CoA while the CoA esters of some en-V,PA-metabolites, particularly 4-en-VPA, inhibit specific enzyme(s) in the β-oxidation sequences.
Response to Letters Regarding Article, “Use and Misuse of the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve in Risk Prediction”
Authors: Nancy R. Cook
Journal: Circulation (2007)

I am pleased that Pepe et al agree that the C-statistic is not a relevant measure of clinical value despite its use as such in the clinical literature.They remain, however, interested in sensitivity and specificity.It is true that in the high-density lipoprotein example the sensitivity, or probability of inclusion in the highest risk group among cases, improves in the model with high-density lipoprotein, whereas the specificity, or probability of inclusion in the lowest risk group among controls, declines.The model with high-density lipoprotein tends to categorize more women, both cases and controls, into higher risk categories.The reclassification table, though, offers evidence that the predicted risk with high-density lipoprotein is closer to observed risk.Pepe et al prefer to focus on the margins of the reclassification table, but these margins may not be of the most interest.Figure 3 of our original paper shows the predictiveness curves, or the continuous analog of these margins, for models with and without systolic blood pressure.These show little difference, despite the fact that systolic blood pressure is the strongest predictor of cardiovascular disease after age and is causally related.The joint rather than marginal distributions of predictive values, such as those in the body of Table 3, can be more informative in the determination of utility for individual patients.Some women move up and some move down a category, and the new categories are more accurate.It is not just how many are at intermediate risk that matters, but whether individuals are placed in that category appropriately.
Thrombotic Events in Patients With Cancer Receiving Antiangiogenesis Agents
Authors: Maurizio Zangari, Louis M. Fink, Francesca Elice, Fenghuang Zhan, Dorothy M. Adcock, Guido J. Tricot
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

Tumor-associated neoangiogenesis has recently become a suitable target for antineoplastic drug development. In this overview, we discuss specific drug-associated hemostatic complications, the already known pathogenetic mechanisms involved, and the effect of varying antithrombotic strategies. Multiple agents with angiogenic inhibitory capacity (thalidomide, lenalidomide, bevacizumab, sunitinib, sorafenib, and sirolimus) have obtained US Food and Drug Administration approval, and many others have entered clinical trials. Arterial and venous thromboembolism and hemorrhage have emerged as significant toxicities associated with the use of angiogenesis inhibitors. We present a detailed analysis of the literature on thrombotic complication of antiangiogenic drugs. Close attention to hemostatic complications during antiangiogenic treatment is warranted. Further studies are required to better understand the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved and to define a safe prophylactic strategy.
Light-to-moderate alcohol consumption and mortality in the physicians’ health study enrollment cohort
Authors: J.Michael Gaziano, Thomas A. Gaziano, Robert J. Glynn, Howard D. Sesso, Umed A. Ajani, Meir J. Stampfer, JoAnn E. Manson, Julie E. Buring, Charles H. Hennekens
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
What can we learn from the absence of evidence?
Authors: Thomas R. Zentall
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Heyes discounts findings of imitation and self recognition in nonhuman primates based on flimsy speculation and then indicates that even positive findings would not provide evidence of theory of mind. Her proposed experiment is unlikely to work, however, because, even if the animals have a theory of mind, a number of assumptions, not directly related to theory of mind, must be made about their reasoning ability.
An Empirical Study of Surrogates' Preferred Level of Control over Value-laden Life Support Decisions in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Sara K. Johnson, Christopher A. Bautista, Seo Yeon Hong, Lisa Weissfeld, Douglas B. White
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Despite ongoing ethical debate concerning who should control decisions to discontinue life support for incapacitated, critically ill patients, the perspectives of surrogate decision makers are poorly understood.To determine (1) what degree of decisional authority surrogates prefer for value-sensitive life support decisions compared with more technical biomedical decisions, and (2) what predicts surrogates' preferences for more control over life support decisions.This was a prospective study of 230 surrogate decision makers for incapacitated, mechanically ventilated patients at high risk of death. Surrogates reported their preferred degree of decisional authority using the Degner Control Preferences Scale for two types of decisions: a value-sensitive decision about whether to discontinue life support and a decision regarding which antibiotic to prescribe for an infection.The majority of surrogates (55%, 127/230; 95% confidence interval, 49-62%) preferred to have final control over the value-sensitive life support decision; 40% (91/230) wished to share control equally with the physician; 5% (12/230) of surrogates wanted the physician to make the decision. Surrogates preferred significantly more control over the value-sensitive life support decision compared with the technical decision about choice of antibiotics (P < 0.0001). Factors independently associated with surrogates' preference for more control over the life support decision were: less trust in the intensive care unit physician, male sex, and non-Catholic religious affiliation.Surrogates vary in their desire for decisional authority for value-sensitive life support decisions, but prefer substantially more authority for this type of decision compared with technical, medical judgments. Low trust in physicians is associated with surrogates preferring more control of life support decisions.
SERIAL CHANGES OF TINY STENT MALAPPOSITION NOT DETECTED BY INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND: FOLLOW-UP OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY STUDY
Authors: Won Ho Kim, Myeong-Ki Hong, Jaemin Shim, Jung-Sun Kim, Young-Guk Ko, Donghoon Choi, Yangsoo Jang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Abstract LB-208: Radiation-induced liver fibrosis is mitigated by gene therapy against transforming growth factor-ß signaling in the rat
Authors: Du Shi-suo, Zeng Zhao-Chong, Qiang Min, Zhang Zheng-Yu, Liu Zhong-shan
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: We investigated whether blockage the Transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß signaling ameliorated established liver radiation-induced liver fibrosis (RILF). Materials and Methods: A replication-defective adenoviral vector expressing the extracellular portion of mouse TßRII and the Fc portion of human immunoglobulin IgG fusion protein(AdT RIIFc) was produced. The entire liver was exposed to 30 Gy irradiation to generate a RILF model (RILFM). Then, RILFM animals were treated with AdT RIIFc (1× 1011 PFU, TßRII), Control virus (1×1011 PFU, AdGFP), or saline (SALIN). Delayed radiation liver injury was assessed using histology, morphometry, and immunohistochemistry. Chronic oxidative stress damage, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, and hepatocyte regeneration were also analyzed. Results: Blocking TGF-ß signaling with AdT RIIFc successfully mitigated established radiation induced liver fibrosis (RILF). Compared with RILFM or AdGFP rats, AdT RIIFc-treated mice exhibited less oxidative stress damage, less HSC activation, preserved liver function. Conclusions: Modulation of TGF-ß with AdT RIIFc is feasible and ameliorates established radiation-induced liver fibrosis. These data confirm the putative role of TGF-ß in delayed radiation-induced liver damage. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-208.
OC-075 Assessment of nutritional status in patients with cirrhosis: must is not a must
Authors: S Arora, C Mattina, C McAnenny, N O'Sullivan, M Laura, C Nina, G Gatiss, D Barbara, B Engel, M Morgan
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The incidence of malnutrition in patients with cirrhosis is high. However, it often goes undetected as many screening tools are based on measurement of body mass index (BMI), which is a poor nutritional marker in this population as patients tend to be centrally obese yet muscularly depleted. The gold standard for the assessment of malnutrition in this population is the Royal Free Hospital Global Assessment (RFH-GA). The Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), which is based on BMI, is still used in some UK Liver transplant Units, although it may not be valid in this setting. Hence the aim of this study is to validate the MUST tool against the gold standard RFH-GA for use in patients with cirrhosis. <h3>Methods</h3> Multicentre validation was undertaken in a cohort of 133 patients, (98 men: 35 women; age 56 [23–73] yr) with cirrhosis across five UK liver transplant units. Nutritional status was screened using the MUST tool and then categorisation of nutritional status was determined by using the RFH-GA. The analysis of descriptive data, cross-tabulation, performance variables, 95% CIs and κ values were calculated using standard methods. κ Values were interpreted according to Altman, 1999. <h3>Results</h3> Eight-four (63%) of the 133 were categorised, using the RFH-GA, as being moderately or severely malnourished. In contrast the MUST tool identified only 45 (34%) patients as being at nutritional risk. Thus the sensitivity and specificity of MUST for determining nutritional risk were 34% (95% CI 20 to 51) and 94% (95% CI 86 to 97); respectively; the κ value was 0.19 demonstrating a poor level of agreement. The sensitivity and specificity of MUST improved when the patients with fluid retention were excluded from the analysis, 100% (95% CI 46 to 100) and 91% (74–98); respectively. The performance of the MUST also improved as the accurate dry body weight was better calculated but still did not reach 100% sensitivity indicating body weight alone is not a good marker of nutritional status in this patient population. The performance of the MUST utilising alternative weight adjustments in patients with fluid retention <h3>Conclusion</h3> The performance characteristics of the MUST tool in this setting are poor. This tool, can not be recommended for screening patients with chronic liver disease for nutritional risk. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
False-positive Benzodiazepine Urine Test Due to Oxaprozin
Authors: Marie Pulini
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I wish to alert physicians that a frequently prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), oxaprozin (Daypro, GD Searle &amp; Co, Skokie, Ill), can cause a false-positive result for benzodiazepines on urine "drug abuse" panels. We were first alerted to this problem when a patient presented after being accused of using diazepam (Valium, Roche Products Inc, Manati, Puerto Rico). She had voluntarily joined a drug detoxification program for cocaine abuse 3 months prior. However, for 3 weeks, her program coordinator had threatened to remove her from the program and speak to her employer because results of weekly urine tests performed at a commercial laboratory showed "Valium or some similar drug." She was taking levothyroxine sodium (Synthroid, Boots Pharmaceuticals Inc, Lincolnshire, Ill) and wondered if this might be the reason the urine sample tested positive; she vehemently denied drug use. On questioning, she was also taking an "arthritis" medicine (oxaprozin)
Detection of unique transmural architecture of human idiopathic cardiomyopathy by ultrasonic tissue characterization.
Authors: A K Wong, E D Verdonk, B K Hoffmeister, J G Miller, S A Wickline
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Noninvasive approaches to the evaluation of idiopathic cardiomyopathy are limited. Recent work from our laboratory has used quantitative ultrasound to define the three-dimensional structure of normal human myocardium and the myocardial remodeling associated with infarction. Our goal was to define the role of ultrasonic tissue characterization for detection of specific alterations in the three-dimensional transmural architecture of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS We measured frequency-dependent backscatter from 22 cylindrical biopsy specimens from nine explanted fixed hearts of patients who underwent heart transplantation for idiopathic cardiomyopathy, seven specimens from normal portions, and 12 specimens of infarcted tissue from six explanted fixed human hearts. Consecutive transmural levels from each specimen were insonified with a 5-MHz broadband transducer. The dependence of apparent (uncompensated for attenuation) backscatter, B(f), on frequency (f) was computed from radiofrequency (rf) data as: magnitude of B(f)2 = afn, where n is an index that reflects in part the size of the dominant scatterers in myocardial tissue. Myofiber diameter and percentage fibrosis were determined at each transmural level for each specimen. For cardiomyopathic tissue, the frequency dependence of backscatter (n) increased progressively from epicardial to endocardial (0.02 +/- 0.37 to 1.01 +/- 0.12, p less than 0.05) levels in conjunction with a progressive decrease in myofiber diameter (29.5 +/- 0.9 to 21.4 +/- 0.6 microns, p less than 0.0001). In contrast, in tissue from areas of infarction, the frequency dependence decreased progressively from epicardium to endocardium (0.91 +/- 0.20 to 0.23 +/- 0.21, p less than 0.05) in conjunction with a progressive increase in the percentage of fibrosis (23.5 +/- 9.4% to 54.5 +/- 4.9%, p less than 0.005). Normal tissue exhibited no significant transmural trend for frequency dependence, myofiber diameter, or percentage fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate the presence of a heterogenous transmural distribution of scattering structures associated with human idiopathic cardiomyopathy and myocardial infarction that may be detected by ultrasonic tissue characterization. The divergence of these transmural trends for frequency dependence of backscatter reflects distinct mechanisms of structural heterogeneity for different pathological processes that comprise a transmural gradation of cell size and fibrosis for idiopathic cardiomyopathy and infarction, respectively.