tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Immunological studies in cattle exposed to polybrominated biphenyls
Authors: John R. Kateley, S. J. Bazzell
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

The intactness of the immune system in cattle exposed to polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) has been investigated by using several immunoassays. Eighty-seven animals have been studied, 35 control animals (not exposed to PBBs) and 52 animals exposed to PBBs (0.02–30 ppm/g fat equivalent). The immunoassays included a complete blood count, identification of peripheral blood T and B lymphocyte subpopulations, serum immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgM, and IgA), the in vitro response to lymphocytes to phytolectins (PHA, Con A, PWM), the antibody response to Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), the cell-mediated response to PPD, and determination of autoantibodies and/or immunosuppressive serum factors.For control and PBB-exposed cattle, there was no statistical difference between the number of circulating erythrocytes or leukocytes, the hematocrit, or hemoglobin content; the percentage or number of T and B lymphocytes; the isotope incorporation index (DNA synthesis) of lymphocytes in response to mitogens; the concentrations of serum immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, or IgA; the mean peak titer to KLH; or in vivo or in vitro immune response to PPD.Additional evaluation of cattle with tissue levels of PBB greater than 3 ppm/g tissue for hematological and immunological parameters revealed no statistical difference from control animals.Other experiments were performed to evaluate serum from cattle exposed to PBBs for autoantibodies to smooth muscle, mitochondrial or nuclear antigens. No evidence for autoantibodies was observed.Further studies were done to examine the cytotoxic and/or immunosuppressive activity of sera from PBB-exposed animals. In these studies, the blastogenic response of lymphocytes from control cattle and humans were evaluated in the presence and absence of serum from animals exposed to PBBs (> 3 ppm/g tissue). No evidence for either a cytotoxic or an immunosuppressive influence of such sera was demonstrable.Our studies indicate that PBB, at the levels studied, does not alter or interfere with lymphocyte surface antigens, the complex nuclear and cytoplasmic events required for mitosis and cell division, or the biological events required for antibody formation and cell-mediated immune reactions. Further, PBB exposure at the levels studied does not predispose cattle to autoantibody production or leucotoxic serum factors.
Inherited prion disease (PrP lysine 200) in Britain: two case reports.
Authors: J Collinge, M S Palmer, T Campbell, K C Sidle, D Carroll, A Harding
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To identify cases of inherited prion diseases in Britain and to assess their phenotypic features. DESIGN--Screening study of patients suspected clinically to have Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and other neurodegenerative diseases by prion protein gene analysis. SETTING--Biochemical research department. SUBJECTS--Patients suspected to have Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. RESULTS--Two patients with symptoms characteristic of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease were found to have inherited prion protein disease (PrP lysine 200), with a mutation at codon 200 of the prion protein gene. Both were homozygous at codon 129 of the gene. One patient was a man aged 58 of British descent while the other was of Libyan Jewish origin. CONCLUSION--Two foci of inherited prion disease are known, among Libyan Jews and in Slovakia. A separate British focus of the disease may also exist. Heterozygosity at codon 129 may lead to reduced penetrance of the mutation.
Pediatricians Are Generalists Too
Authors: Thomas G. DeWitt
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The Federation of Pediatric Organizations is an assembly of leaders from national pediatric organizations, representing both the academic and practicing pediatric communities. The federation provides the opportunity for the pediatric community to speak with a single voice about important issues, such as in the current debate regarding generalist workforce training. In a recent issue of<i>JAMA</i>, Drs Kimball and Young<sup>1</sup>presented a Commentary from the American Boards of Family Practice and Internal Medicine regarding the scope of practice and training of generalist physicians for the care of adults. The Commentary, "A Statement on the Generalist Physician From the American Boards of Family Practice and Internal Medicine," was thoughtful and succinctly comprehensive, but with an inherently adult patient focus. It is critical to remember that there are generalist physicians who also care for children, the population that will be potentially most affected by health system reform. A
Abstract 4775: Compound S2AMN: A potential non-toxic anti-cancer therapy
Authors: Atif M. Elnaggar, Ellen C. Peterson, Rani Kuttab, Richard A. Robison, Kim L. O'Neill
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract S2AMN is a natural compound; garlic, onion and green pepper extracts that demonstrate apoptotic potential against a variety of cancer cell lines. In this study, we examined specifically whether treatment with S2AMN would affect the viability of several human cell lines, including Burkitt's lymphoma (Raji cell), melanoma cell lines (MDA-MB-435), human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7) and human colon carcinoma (HT29). It was determined by flow cytometry that S2AMN works by arresting cell-cycle progression in the G1 phase. Using RT-PCR, the p53 gene was shown to be up regulated in the cells during G1 phase, suggesting that S2AMN is p53 dependent. Using DNA extraction and agarose gel electrophoresis the DNA of cells treated with S2AMN was found partially degraded after 24 hours and completely degraded after 48 hours. Viability analysis showed a dose-dependent growth curve; 24 hours after treatment there was a marked decrease in viability and within 48 hours there was complete cell death (control viability &amp;gt; 94%). Results from viability analyses supported the same conclusion as the DNA electrophoresis data, namely that within 48 hours there was complete DNA degradation and apoptosis. We also examined the proliferation rate at 24 and 48 hours, and found that proliferation decreased at 24 hours and completely stopped at 48 hours. One of the more striking characteristics of S2AMN is its cancer-specific cytotoxicity. After treating human lymphocytes induced with PHA (normal cells) with the same concentrations of S2AMN as shown above, cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle flow cytometry, and RT-PCR experiments were performed. Results showed that there was no significant change between treatment and control cells. In conclusion, S2AMN seems to be selectively cytotoxic by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells but not in normal cells. S2AMN could potentially be used as a non-toxic anti-cancer therapy, though more research is necessary. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4775. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4775
ABC of arterial and venous disease: Vascular complications of diabetes
Authors: R. Donnelly
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about The BMJ.NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. Username * Your Email * Send To * You are going to email the following Vascular complications of diabetes Your Personal Message CAPTCHA This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
A Manpower Policy for Primary Health Care
Authors: Richard M. Scheffler, Neil Weisfeld, Gloria Ruby, E. Harvey Estes
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

A National Academy of Sciences study of policy options for the supply of primary health-care manpower has produced a comprehensive set of recommendations. The study finds an adequate overall supply of physicians, but a shortage of primary health-care practitioners. It recommends maintaining current enrollment levels in medical schools and training programs for nurse practitioners and physician assistants and increasing the proportion of primary-care residents. To enhance the availability of primary care, the report advocates reimbursement for all physicians within a state at the same payment level for the same primary-care service, a reduction in payment differentials between primary-care services and nonprimary-care services, and reimbursement for educational and preventive services and for new health-practitioner services. The report supports a team approach in primary-care training and recommends that all medical students obtain clinical experience in a primary-care setting and some instruction in epidemiology and behavioral and social sciences.
Treatment for cancer pain in France
Authors: M Zenz, T Zenz
Journal: BMJ (1995)

EDITOR,--Francois Larue and colleagues draw attention to the persisting problem of undertreatment of cancer pain.1 In their French multicentre study of patients (most of whom were inpatients) 30% (84/279) of patients with cancer pain received no analgesic drugs. Of those patients given analgesics, 51% (137/270) received inadequate treatment for their pain. Discrepancy between physicians' and patients' pain ratings, young age of the patient, absence of metastatic disease, and better performance status were predictors for the undertreatment of cancer pain. The authors conclude that …
Ethnicity and academic performance
Authors: J. McKendree
Journal: BMJ (2011)

I think there are two critical aspects to Woolf and colleagues’ very important systematic review that need to be considered in the wider picture.1 Firstly, knowing there is a difference tells us absolutely nothing about why. There are undoubtedly many factors—cultural, socioeconomic, and so forth—but we also need to know how these manifest.

We know that some ethnic students don’t do …
Autoantibodies and Beta-Adrenergic Receptors
Authors: Charles W. Parker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

IN recent years it has been recognized that autoantibodies to cell-surface receptors for hormones or neurohumoral agents can develop spontaneously and give rise to clinical states of altered endocrine or neuromuscular function. For example, autoantibodies to receptors for acetylcholine in skeletal muscle are associated with myasthenia gravis, those to receptors for thyroid-stimulating hormone are associated with Graves' disease, and those to receptors for insulin in patients are associated with certain forms of insulinresistant diabetes, such as the one involved in acanthosis nigricans.1 These autoantibodies may either mimic or inhibit hormone action, depending on the tissue, the receptor, and perhaps even . . .
Prevalence of asthma and allergy in schoolchildren in Belmont, Australia: three cross sectional surveys over 20 years
Authors: Brett G Toelle, Kitty Ng, Elena Belousova, Cheryl M Salome, Jennifer K Peat, Guy B Marks
Journal: BMJ (2004)

ful marketing, particularly since the market leaders in many countries were drugs with no evidence of benefits in mortality at the time.This may also explain in part why the heaviest use was in France, which had relatively low cardiovascular mortality even before statins were available.Political, cultural, and social issues determine such use as well as medical indications.In view of the public health implications, these merit more specific study in each country.
ln-111-Leukocyte Scanning in Inflammatory Renal Disease
Authors: H DANIEL FAWCETT, DAVID A. GOODWIN, ROBERT L. LANTIERI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

In-111-leukocyte scanning has recently been introduced as a clinically effective method for detecting inflammatory disease and abscesses. The authors present six cases that demonstrate the usefulness of this new technique in suspected inflammatory renal disease. Two patients had renal abscesses, two had acute pyelonephritis, one had acute focal bacterial nephritis (acute lobar nephronia), and one had a transitional cell carcinoma with associated acute and chronic inflammation.
Evaluating a Marker's Contribution to a Nomogram: The GEMCaP Example
Authors: Michael W. Kattan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

A postoperative nomogram developed in 1999 by Kattan et al. has been externally validated, but needs improvement. This tool predicts well but not perfectly. The Genomic Evaluators of Metastatic Prostate Cancer (GEMCaP) biomarkers hold promise for improving this tool; however, a larger data set that permits more involved analyses is needed.
Generating allergen-specific human IgEs for immunoassays by employing human ε gene knockin mice
Authors: C.-S. Lu, A. F. Hung, C.-J. Lin, J.-B. Chen, C. Chen, Y.-Y. Shiung, C.-Y. Tsai, T. W. Chang
Journal: Allergy (2015)

Background Antigen-specific human IgEs are important reagents in immunoassays to quantify antigen-specific IgEs in allergic patients, but they are not easy to prepare. Methods We constructed a knockin homozygous mouse strain, referred to as HεκKI strain, whose gene segment encoding γ1 constant region has been replaced by that encoding human ε constant region and gene segment encoding κ constant region replaced by that encoding human κ constant region. The mice were tested for their ability to produce antigen-specific chimeric human IgE (with mouse variable regions) upon the immunization with ovalbumin and papain. Subsequently, the spleen cells from the immunized mice were used as the source of B cells for the preparation of hybridomas, which secreted monoclonal human IgE antibodies specific for the antigens. Results The HεκKI mice expressed human IgE (ε, κ) in serum at levels 10- to 30-fold higher than those of mouse IgE. Upon immunization with an antigen, the mice yielded splenic B cells for preparing hybridomas that secrete chimeric human IgE specific for the antigen. Purified IgEs from those hybridomas could activate a basophilic cell line to undergo degranulation upon the stimulation with their respective antigens. Conclusions We have developed a human ε gene and κ gene knockin mouse strain, which is useful for producing various antigen-specific chimeric human IgEs for potential use as standards in immunoassays.
Detection of Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix
Authors: Leopold G. Koss
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Nearly 30 years have elapsed since Papanicolaou and Traut published their classical works, "The diagnosis of uterine cancer by the vaginal smear."<sup>1</sup>Within the last 20 years there has been an ever increasing use of this simple and painless technique for the early diagnosis of carcinoma of the cervix. Yet, as Nyirjesy in this issue of<i>JAMA</i>painfully brings into focus, this is hardly the moment to be complacent about the effectiveness of cytologic screening. Nyirjesy's paper points out that continuing use of Papanicolaou's classes as a means of communicating the results of cervical screening to the clinician carries with it major dangers: what is a class II smear to some, may prove to be class III or perhaps even class IV or V smear to others. Obviously in Nyirjesy's setting some very important lesions of the cervix (including invasive cancer) were diagnosed as class II or atypical smear.
922-59 Aortic Inner Surface Morphology in Aortic Disease by Three-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography: Its Advantages and Limitations for Diagnosis
Authors: Makoto Matsumura, Elina Yamada, Chifumi Takayama, Shunei Kyo, Toshiyuki Matsunaka, Sousuke Kimura, Ryozo Omoto
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Radionuclide Scans and Lung Cancer-Reply
Authors: Walter J. Pories
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The argument offered by Dr Schabel and his associates is persuasive only with the assumption that scans are always accurate. Unfortunately, as every clinician knows, that is not the case. As we noted in our article, the accuracy of scanning for the detection of metastases has been reported to be as low as 60% We stay with the conclusions suggested by our data that routine triple radionuclide scans of the bone, brain, and liver are not justified in patients with potentially resectable carcinomas of the lung.
Reliability of a new hand‐held device for the measurement of exhaled nitric oxide
Authors: B. Khalili, P. B. Boggs, S. L. Bahna
Journal: Allergy (2007)

Background: Given the importance of airway inflammation in asthma, there has been an effort to incorporate inflammatory markers into its management. Measurement of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a noninvasive marker of airway inflammation; however, the use of the available FeNO analyzer is limited by several factors including its cost and lack of transportability. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of a new hand‐held FeNO measuring device (NIOX MINO) to the current clinical standard – the chemiluminescence FeNO analyzer (NIOX). Methods: Subjects 6 years and older presenting to an allergy and asthma clinic underwent FeNO evaluation by NIOX and each of three NIOX MINOs. The mean of two acceptable measurements from the NIOX and the first approved measurement from each NIOX MINO were used for analysis. Results: One hundred ten patients aged 6–86 years completed the study. Intrasubject FeNO levels obtained by each of the three NIOX MINOs revealed no significant difference between the measurements ( P = 0.59). There was a very strong correlation between FeNO measurements by NIOX and by NIOX MINO ( r = 0.98, P &lt; 0.0001). The mean intrasubject FeNO difference between NIOX and NIOX MINO was −0.5 p.p.b. which was not statistically significantly different from zero ( P = 0.21). Conclusions: Fractional exhaled nitric oxide measurements by the NIOX MINO showed a strong correlation and a high degree of agreement with the current standard stationary device. The NIOX MINO may be reliably used in clinical practice.
Proximal Bursitis in Active Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Authors: Carlo Salvarani
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Background: The cause of musculoskeletal symptoms in the proximal extremities of patients who have polymyalgia rheumatica is not completely understood. The diffuse and severe discomfort can only be partially explained by the mild joint synovitis that is observed in these patients. Objective: To determine the involvement of the synovial structures of the shoulder girdle of patients who have active symptoms of polymyalgia rheumatica. Design: Case-control study. Setting: 2 secondary referral centers of rheumatology. Patients: 13 case-patients who had active symptoms of polymyalgia rheumatica seen during a 6-month period, 9 control-patients who had early symptoms of elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis, and 10 age-matched healthy controls. Measurements: Magnetic resonance imaging of the shoulder was done on the 13 case-patients, 9 control-patients, and 10 healthy controls. Results: The frequency of subacromial and subdeltoid bursitis was significantly higher in the case-patients (who had polymyalgia rheumatica) than in the control-patients (who had elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis). The frequencies of synovitis of the joints and tenosynovitis of the biceps did not significantly differ between the 13 case-patients and the 9 control-patients. None of the healthy controls showed evidence of fluid accumulation in the joints, bursae, or sheaths of the long head of the biceps. Conclusions: Inflammation of subacromial and subdeltoid bursae in association with synovitis of the glenohumeral joints and tenosynovitis of the biceps may contribute to the diffuse discomfort in the shoulder girdle observed in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica.
Treatment Rather Than Avoidance May Be Within Reach for Children With Food Allergies
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Changing the Evaluation of Future Physicians
Authors: Sharanjeet Sekhon
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Journals JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2024 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Molecular Explanation of Stress Dermatitis
Authors: R.H. Cormane
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1974)

In contact dermatitis, delayed type allergy usually occurs in conjunction with immediate type. The latter type of response depends upon precipitation of antigen-antibody complexes within the vessel walls with subsequent fixation of complement and attraction of ancillary cells. All deposition mechanisms of immune complexes except the one involving hydrodynamic forces are mediated by vasoactive amines. The process may be hastened by release of vasoactive amines and hormones due to psychological reasons, stress, or trauma. As a consequence of the forementioned sequence of events, it is understandable that release of sympathomimetic amines and hormones along with the presence of antigen may perpetuate or even worsen cell-mediated immunity.
Evidence based merriment
Authors: D. Isaacs, S. Isaacs, D. Fitzgerald
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Medical humour has a long history, but is short on evidence. The ancient Greeks introduced the world to bodily fluids called the four humours. You would think that a philosophy based on blood, choler, phlegm, and melancholy was no laughing matter.

What is the evidence that medical humour benefits staff or patients? We performed a systematic revue, but it was not funny. We propose a randomised controlled trial of medical humour.

The Royal Flying Doctor Service funded a pilot study. Hospital staff completed a standardised questionnaire about the role of humour in their department.

The department of surgery expressed an interest in side-splitting jokes.

The ophthalmology …