tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Crystal-induced neutrophil activation. IV. Specific inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation by colchicine.
Authors: C J Roberge, M Gaudry, R de Médicis, A Lussier, P E Poubelle, P H Naccache
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

We recently demonstrated that pathologically relevant inflam- matory microcrystals, namely triclinic monosodium urate (MSU) and calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystals, potently stimulate a characteristic protein tyrosine phos- phorylation pattern in human neutrophils that differed from that observed in response to other soluble or particulate ago- nists.In this study, the effects of colchicine on protein tyrosine phosphorylation induced by MSU and CPPD crystals in hu- man blood neutrophils were investigated.Immunoblot analysis with antiphosphotyrosine antibodies demonstrated that colchi- cine dose-dependently inhibited the tyrosine phosphorylation of all the proteins phosphorylated in response to MSU and CPPD crystals.Other microtubule-disruptive agents such as vinblastine, nocodazole, and colcemid also inhibited crystal-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation while lumicolchicine and trimethylcolchicinic acid were without effect.Indometha- cin and phenylbutazone were similarly without effect on micro- crystal-induced tyrosine phosphorylation.Colchicine, as well as the other active alkaloids, failed to inhibit the protein tyro- sine phosphorylation elicited by FMLP, C5a, leukotriene B4, and unopsonized zymosan.Overall, these results demonstrate that colchicine specifically and significantly inhibits the protein tyrosine phosphorylation induced by MSU and CPPD crystals and suggest that its effects are associated, at least in part, with its interaction with microtubules.Furthermore, the use of mi- crotubule-disrupting drugs demonstrate that the mechanisms implicated in the induction of protein tyrosine phosphorylation by microcrystals differed from those involved in response to other soluble or particulate agonists.(J.Clin.Invest.
Employers told to tackle work related stress to reduce sickness bill
Authors: O. Mashta
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Invasive sino-orbital aspergillosis is a rare cause of orbital apex syndrome (OAS) in immunocompetent patients and often misdiagnosed as tumour because of its aggressive nature and invasive patterns. We report a 23-year-old immunocompetent man presenting with painful progressive loss of vision, ophthalmoplegia and proptosis of the right eye suggestive of OAS. MRI with gadolinium contrast showed an enhancing heterogeneous mass filling the paranasal sinuses, extraconal space and extending up to the right orbital apex. A functional endoscopic biopsy reported as invasive sino-orbital aspergillosis. He was started on intravenous voriconazole and maximal surgical debridement was done. He gradually regained his vision to 20/30 in the right eye. A review of literature reported several such cases which were managed medically or surgically but with poor visual recovery. This case highlights the need for awareness among clinicians for early diagnosis and treatment to prevent vision loss and better survival.
Is abdominal aortic aneurysm familial?
Authors: H. J. Scott, T. R. Cheatle
Journal: BMJ (1989)

The process of determining population needs is also in a primitive form and must be encouraged to evolve.The first contracts will of necessity be based on "met demand" as a proxy for "need."The more refined definition of need, based on epidemiological principles, will evolve over time.Survival of the fittest seems to be a fundamental principle of the white paper's philosophy.The competition should, however, be between provider units and not between providers and commission- ing authorities; if commissioning authorities are vested with real powers in making informed choices and monitoring performance then there are real opportunities for incorporating measures of clinical effectiveness within the contract framework outlined in the white paper.
Diagnosis and management of postoperative pulmonary hypertensive crisis.
Authors: J Wheller, B L George, D G Mulder, J M Jarmakani
Journal: Circulation (1979)

In this paper we discuss two infants and one child who experienced a previously unreported complication after complete correction of a large, unrestrictive ventricular septal defect. Two patients had documented pulmonary hypertensive crises and severe right-heart failure secondary to hypoxia and pulmonary vasoconstriction. These crises were associated with significantly increased right ventricular (RV) peak systolic and end-diastolic pressures and right-to-left shunting via a foramen ovale which, in turn, exaggerated the hypoxis. The crises were treated successfully with tolazoline in the second and third patients. RV pressure returned to normal values and have remained normal up to 12 months postoperatively in the second patient. Although the RV pressures decreased with tolazoline in the third patient, they never reached normal values. Postoperative monitoring of pulmonary artery and RV pressures in infants with large ventricular septal defects is essential when unexplained complications are encountered. Tolazoline proved to be very effective in the treatment of two patients with pulmonary vasoconstriction secondary to hypoxia.
Monitoring antiviral non A non B chronic hepatitis therapy by HCV serum markers
Authors: G. Saracco, M. Baldi, P.L. Calvo, P. Manzini, M. Abate, E. Chiaberge, M.R. Brunetto, M. Rizzetto, G. Politos, G. Kuos, D. Chiens, M. Houghtons, F. Bonino
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1991)
Soluble fas in the serum of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Higher concentrations in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Yuji Yufu, Ilseung Choi, Nobuhisa Hirase, Akihiro Tokoro, Yumi Noguchi, Tatsuro Goto, Naokuni Uike, Mitsuo Kozuru
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

The soluble form of Fas (sFas) can block apoptosis induced by the Fas ligand in vitro. A recent report demonstrated that mice injected with sFas displayed autoimmune features. Therefore, an elevated serum concentration of sFas may be associated with lymphoproliferation and autoimmune diseases. We measured the serum concentrations of sFas in 77 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) [8 angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AIL), 12 T-cell NHL, 53 B-cell NHL, and 4 natural killer-cell NHL]. Elevated concentrations of sFas were detected only in AIL, which is frequently accompanied by autoimmune diseases (P < 0.005 compared with age-matched controls). A possible association of sFas and autoimmune features in AIL is discussed. Am. J. Hematol. 58:334–336, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Health Promotion and Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice
Authors: Andrew M. Davis
Journal: JAMA (1997)

These are strange times for clinical prevention in the United States. The media is filled with health news, and stores have aisles of low-fat food, but Americans are becoming more sedentary and obese. Managed care organizations now boast about their prevention performance on increasingly sophisticated report cards but value practitioners who see four or five patients an hour. Health care purchasers demand these report cards but readily switch their employees into a different health plan to save a few premium dollars. And in the near future, a raft of biotechnology firms will market genetic tests that tell patients about diseases they haven't even developed... yet. Physicians have their own conflicts about prevention in the late 20th century. We've been trained at great length and expense to intervene, and we feel that we are distinguished from other health practitioners by our ability to deliver a scientific diagnosis and cure. We know
CLINICAL TYPES OF HYPOTENSION
Authors: ALFRED FRIEDLANDER
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Hypotension may justly be said to be a symptom, rather than a disease. It is not even established that it is always a manifestation of a diseased bodily state. It is certain that distinct hypotension is compatible with perfect health. It is also true that many hypotensive subjects have great bodily vigor.  There is no agreement among clinicians or among physiologists as to what constitutes hypotension. The majority of writers place the upper limit of the systolic pressure in hypotension at 110 mm. in adults,1the readings being taken by the auscultatory method.  That the norms for young adults are not definitely established was shown by Alvarez,2who published two interesting series of tabulations. His first series included a study of 8,737 freshmen at the University of California, the second3amplified this to a study of blood pressures of 15,000 university freshmen. He showed that the pressures
El Nino and Arboviral Disease Prediction
Authors: Derek Maelzer, Simon Hales, Phil Weinstein, Myron Zalucki, Alistair Woodward
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

Recent El Nino events have stimulated interest in the development of modeling techniques to forecast extremes of climate and related health events. Previous studies have documented associations between specific climate variables (particularly temperature and rainfall) and outbreaks of arboviral disease. In some countries, such diseases are sensitive to Fl Nino. Here we describe a climate-based model for the prediction of Ross River virus epidemics in Australia. From a literature search and data on case notifications, we determined in which years there were epidemics of Ross River virus in southern Australia between 1928 and 1998. Predictor variables were monthly Southern Oscillation index values for the year of an epidemic or lagged by 1 year. We found that in southeastern states, epidemic years were well predicted by monthly Southern Oscillation index values in January and September in the previous year. The model forecasts that there is a high probability of epidemic Ross River virus in the southern states of Australia in 1999. We conclude that epidemics of arboviral disease can, at least in principle, be predicted on the basis of climate relationships.
Abstract 1124: Increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in Zucker diabetic fatty rat tissues
Authors: Haider Raza, Frank C. Howarth, Annie John
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat is a genetic model in which the homozygous (FA/FA) animals develop obesity and type 2 diabetes. Oxidative stress and increased expression of inflammatory signals and cytokines are the hallmarks of type 2 diabetes and cancer. Insulin signaling and IGF receptors are also affected in cancer progression. The precise molecular mechanism of disease progression or protection/prevention is, however, not clear. We, therefore, have investigated molecular and metabolic targets affected in the liver, kidney, brain and pancreas of ZDF (30 weeks old) male rats. Our results have demonstrated that GSH-dependent redox metabolism and mitochondrial respiratory function are affected in ZDF rats when compared to Zucker lean (ZL) control rats (n=6 each). With the exception of brain, cytosolic GSH content in the tissues of ZDF rats was significantly lower than ZL rats. GSH-reductase activity and GSH-conjugation by glutathione S-transferase were also lower in ZDF rat tissues. Although there was no significant increase in the apocynin sensitive- NADPH oxidase -dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the liver, DCFDA-probed ROS production and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) production were significantly higher in ZDF rat tissues. Higher levels of lipid and protein peroxidation were also observed in ZDF rat tissues. Western blot analysis also confirmed increased expression of iNOS and COX-2 suggesting an increase in oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in ZDF rat tissues. Our results have demonstrated that the increased oxidative stress in ZDF rats was accompanied by lower activities of mitochondrial respiratory complexes and decreased ATP synthesis. Taken together, our results show that ZDF rats are prone to develop complications associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction as seen in the pathogenesis of cancer and diabetes. These results might have implications in designing strategies for cancer and diabetes prevention. (Supported by the Terry Fox Cancer Research Fund and a fund from FMHS Research Committee). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1124. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1124
OBSERVATIONS ON ASCH OPERATION FOR DEVIATION OF CARTILAGINOUS SEPTUM.
Authors: MAX THORNER
Journal: JAMA (1900)

tion as after.Definite appendicitis is primarily a surgical disease, and if a special abdominal surgeon be avail- able in case I am attacked, I shall be operated on; if not I shall eliminante, starve, rest my intestinal canal, apply the abdominal bandage, but not the opium splint-except in the rarest of cases-and trust to God and the vis medicatrix Natural.In brief, ideal surgery--if available-with 1 or 2 per cent, mortality is better than 20 or 25 per cent, mortality under medical or expectant treatment; but the latter is to be preferred to the chances of surgical interference at the hands of average general surgeons or practitioners.Under the above plan, if my patient dies I will feel as my old friend, the late Dr. Guhman, used to say, that "I had let him die honest."Were I ten years younger I would, on account of my strong convictions on this question, go to some of the masters mentioned above and become a pupil for a year or more, if necessary, providing my hand could grasp their superb technic, that I might devote my remaining years to all sides of this question.As it is, I shall continue to study and observe these interesting problems in the hope that I may be helpful in the equally important realm of diagnosis as related to their elucidation, and I trust that my co-workers will bear with me if they deem my position as here presented too radical.
Overexpression of the Polycythemia Rubra Vera-1 Gene in Essential Thrombocythemia
Authors: Luciana Teofili, Maurizio Martini, Myriam Luongo, Antonella Di Mario, Giuseppe Leone, Valerio De Stefano, Luigi Maria Larocca
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: To examine the utility of polycythemia rubra vera-1 (PRV-1)–specific reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to discriminate essential thrombocythemia (ET) and polycythemia vera (PV) from secondary thrombocytosis (ST) or secondary erythrocytosis (SE). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed the expression of PRV-1 in granulocytes isolated from 37 patients with ET, 37 patients with PV, 25 patients with ST, 10 patients with SE, 25 patients with secondary leukocytosis (SL), five patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), five patients with chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis (IM), five patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and 20 normal individuals by PRV-1–specific RT-PCR. In female patients, PRV-1 expression was correlated with clonality analysis as assessed by the human androgen receptor polymorphism assay. RESULTS: PRV-1 was not expressed in granulocytes isolated from normal individuals or from patients with ST, SE, CML, IM, MDS, and inflammatory/infectious SL. On the contrary, all ET patients, 35 of 37 PV patients, and five patients with acute postsurgery and posttraumatic SL overexpressed PRV-1. All the cases with monoclonal hematopoiesis (17 of 21 with ET and 12 of 12 with PV) expressed PRV-1, yet PRV-1 overexpression extended also over the cases of ET showing polyclonal hematopoiesis (four of 20). CONCLUSION: The overexpression of PRV-1 seems to be a useful tool for discriminating ET and PV from ST and SE, thus offering an innovative diagnostic approach on the basis of the detection of positive diagnostic criteria instead of exclusion criteria.
Changes in the 2003 American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging for Breast Cancer Dramatically Affect Stage-Specific Survival
Authors: Wendy A. Woodward, Eric A. Strom, Susan L. Tucker, Marsha D. McNeese, George H. Perkins, Naomi R. Schechter, S. Eva Singletary, Richard L. Theriault, Gabriel N. Hortobagyi, Kelly K. Hunt, Thomas A. Buchholz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: To evaluate how implementation of the 2003 American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system will affect stage-specific survival of breast cancer patients. Patients and Methods: Records of 1,350 patients treated on sequential institutional protocols with mastectomy and adjuvant doxorubicin-based chemotherapy were reviewed. Pathologic stage was assigned retrospectively according to the 1988 and the 2003 AJCC staging criteria. Overall stage-specific survival (OS) was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and hypothetical differences were compared by the log-rank test. Results: Six hundred five of 1,087 patients with stage II disease according to the 1988 classification system had stage II disease according to the 2003 system. The 10-year OS for patients with stage II disease was significantly improved using the 2003 system (76% [2003] v 65% [1988]; P &lt; .0001). Two hundred eighty-nine of 633 patients with stage IIb disease using the 1988 system were stage IIb with the 2003 system, and 10-year OS was 58% (1988) versus 70% (2003; P = .003). The number of patients with stage III disease increased from 207 (1988) to 443 (2003), and the 10-year OS changed from 45% (1988) to 50% (2003; P = .077). Most of this difference resulted from changes within stage IIIa: OS, 45% (1988) versus 59% (2003; P &lt; .0001). Conclusion: Stage reclassification using the new AJCC staging system for breast cancer will result in significant changes in reported outcome by stage. It is imperative that careful attention is devoted to this effect so that accurate conclusions regarding the efficacy of new treatment strategies can be drawn.
Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis
Authors: Reshma Brahmbhatt, Ravi Veeraswamy, Shipra Arya
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Awoman in her early 60swith a history of hypertension and hyperlipidemiawas transferred toourhospital aftermultiple transient ischemicattacksand left internal carotidartery (ICA) stenosisduring thepast severalmonths.Hermost recentpresentationwas 1weekprior foraminor strokewith amaurosis fugax, slurred speech, rightsided weakness, and facial droop lasting longer than 24 hours. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated subacute infarctions involving the left frontal and parietal hemispheres. She was a current smokerandwas takingaspirinandstatinmedicationat the time of presentation. Workup at another facility prior to transfer included computedtomographicangiographyof theneck,whichshowedchronic occlusion of the right ICA and 95% stenosis of the left ICA. On examination, the patient was afebrile with a heart rate of 69 beats/min andbloodpressureof 134/69mmHg.Pertinent findings includedno carotid bruit, a regular cardiac rhythm, andequally palpable upper extremity pulses bilaterally. The patient was neurologically intact, save for 4/5 motor strength in her right upper extremity. Computed tomographic angiography of the head andneckwas performed (Figure 1). Quiz at jamasurgery.com A B
A Role for Finasteride in the Prevention of Prostate Cancer?
Authors: Michael LeFevre
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

All medical care should seek to achieve one or more of these three goals: to relieve suffering, to prevent future suffering, or to prolong life. Preventive services, by definition, are utilized to prevent future suffering or prolong life. We should offer preventive services when science assures us that across the population of patients we serve, we do more good than harm.How would we know if a preventive service accomplishes one or more of these three goals? All-cause mortality is the most appealing outcome in a prevention trial because it clearly reflects the goal of prolonging life, and it is . . .
Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms During Pregnancy
Authors: J. Lawrence Pool
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Of 37 patients in good condition after subarachnoid hemorrhage from a verified intracranial aneurysm that ruptured during pregnancy, 13 suffered a recurrent hemorrhage within three days to eight weeks, which caused eight maternal deaths. In 26 patients the aneurysms were surgically treated during the pregnancy: six by carotid occlusion and 20 by intracranial surgery, with two deaths, whereas eight of 11 patients treated only by bed rest died. Hypothermia was used during 12 craniotomies. Delivery was usually normal or aided by low forceps and block anesthesia. Cesarean section was performed on eight healthy mothers, and an emergency section on five moribund mothers. From four of the latter a healthy infant was delivered. It is concluded that ruptured aneurysms in pregnancy deserve prompt surgical treatment, as would be indicated if the patient were not pregnant.
Effect of Levosimendan on the Short-Term Clinical Course of Patients With Acutely Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Milton Packer, Wilson Colucci, Lloyd Fisher, Barry M. Massie, John R. Teerlink, James Young, Robert J. Padley, Roopal Thakkar, Leticia Delgado-Herrera, Jeffrey Salon, Chris Garratt, Bidan Huang, Toni Sarapohja
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2013)
Ossification of the Synovial Membrane of the Left Knee-Joint in a Young Man
Authors: J. Griffiths, R. A. Milligan
Journal: BMJ (1894)

TUUs ossiftation of a synovial membrane is, so far fls we can ascertain, very rare, if not uniknown; for we c-an ne ithler find any description of nior ally reference to sucli a morbid cliaiige in these membranes.It is true t}lat ossification frequently takes place in the "1 loose bodies " wvhieh arise as polypoid
Interspecies variation in myocardial physiology: the anomalous rat
Authors: Glenn A. Langer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

The heart of the adult rat has long been recognized to be anomalous in at least two respects: an absent or negative inotropic response to an increase in rate of electrical stimulation (negative staircase); resistance to digitalis glycosides. The heart of the neonatal rat (less than 2 weeks old), on the other hand, demonstrates a markedly positive staircase and a large increase in force upon application of glycoside. It is significant that the action potential of the neonate ventricle demonstrates a prolonged plateau component which progressively decreases with age. The shortening of the plateau correlates with the disappearance of the positive staircase and glycoside responses. Previous studies indicated that a major factor contributing to the prolonged plateau of the neonate was a high level of sodium (Na) conductance. Thus transmembranous Na movement associated with excitation is considerably greater in the neonatal heart as compared to the heart of the adult rat. The higher level of intracellular Na would produce increased activity of a proposed sodium-calcium (Na-Ca) carrier. This is believed to mediate the augmented influx of Ca which is responsible for positive staircase and glycoside responses. Ventricular muscle from the hearts of most mammalian species demonstrates a prolonged plateau with maintenance of a "slow" channel for Na. It appears that in the rat this channel closes with age. It follows that there would be a reduced tendency for the adult rat heart to accumulate intracellular Na, [Na]i, when excitation frequency is increased or the Na pump is inhibited by digitalis. Since elevation of [Na]i is the stimulus for the proposed Na-Ca carrier, this system would not be activated, Ca influx would not increase and contractility would not be augmented.