tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ACAPNIA AS A FACTOR IN POSTOPERATIVE SHOCK, ATELECTASIS AND PNEUMONIA
Authors: YANDELL HENDERSON
Journal: JAMA (1930)

It is now coming to be an accepted fact that atelectasis,<sup>1</sup>collapse of part or all of a lung, frequently occurs after major surgical operations. The evidence is rapidly becoming conclusive also that deep breathing induced by inhalation of carbon dioxide is effective in preventing and overcoming atelectasis.<sup>2</sup>This inhalation thus prevents the postoperative pneumonia<sup>3</sup>which sometimes develops from atelectasis and is still one of the principal hazards of surgery. The mortality from postoperative pneumonia is estimated by several independent investigators<sup>4</sup>in different countries at about four deaths for each thousand major surgical operations. Atelectasis is far more frequent. In some degree it occurs in at least one case after each ten operations, or even after each five. Indeed, careful examination shows its primary stage after nearly all operations of some types.<sup>5</sup>It may follow local and spinal as well as inhalational anesthesia. It is
The Animals Issue - Moral Theory in Practice.
Authors: S. Brophy
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1994)

Journal Article The Animals Issue - Moral Theory in Practice. Get access Simon Brophy Simon Brophy London, United Kingdom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 28, Issue 7, July 1994, Pages 1121–1122, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/28.7.1121 Published: 01 July 1994
Septicemia Related to Indwelling Venous Catheter
Authors: David W. Bentley
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Indwelling venous catheters were responsible for 19 of 44 hospital-acquired septicemias. The catheter was in place an average of 5.2 days and was associated with phlebitis or infected wounds or both in 18 cases (95%). Etiologic agents were<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, 13; gramnegative bacilli, 5; and a nonpathogenic yeast. Neither associated diseases (12) nor inappropriate diagnosis (12) nor treatment (9) influenced survival (17 [89%]), provided the catheter was removed. Both related deaths were due to S<i>aureus</i>; endocarditis was a complication in one. The septicemia rate for the 756 patients with catheters in place more than 48 hours was 2.5%. House physicians maintained 10% of the total catheters but were responsible for 17 (89%) of the related septicemias. We recommend daily observation of the catheter and immediate removal from phlebitic sites.
TCT-90 The Clinical SYNTAX score has an additive predictive value in high risk patients
Authors: Jeehoon Kang, Kyung Woo Park, Si-Hyuck Kang, Hae-Young Lee, Hyun-Jae Kang, Bon-Kwon Koo, Inho Chae, Tae-Jin Youn, Hyo-Soo Kim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Abstract 1798: TORC1/2 inhibitors have more potent anti-leukemic efficacy and are less immunosuppressive than rapamycin
Authors: David A. Fruman, Matthew R. Janes, Jose J. Limon, Lomon So, Jing Chen, Michael B. Martin, Pingda Ren, Yi Liu, Christian Rommel
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-leukemic and immunosuppressive properties of novel, ATP-competitive inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). The mTOR inhibitors currently in clinical use, exemplified by rapamycin and related analogs (“rapalogs”), have achieved some success as anticancer therapies. However, these agents also suppress proliferation of both B and T lymphocytes. In addition, rapalogs have a mechanistic limitation: not only are they allosteric inhibitors that selectively bind to mTOR complex-1 (TORC1) and not to mTOR complex-2 (TORC2), but they do not fully inhibit TORC1. In contrast, novel ATP-competitive active-site inhibitors of the mTOR kinase overcome these limitations, displaying full inhibitory activity of both TORC1 and TORC2. We compared rapamycin with active-site TORC1/2 inhibitors in models of Philadelphia chromosome-positive pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ B-ALL). We find that PP242 and INK128, active-site TORC1/2 inhibitors, but not rapamycin cause death of murine and primary human leukemia cells. These compounds are also more potent than rapamycin in growth assays of solid tumor cell lines. Biochemical assays confirm that PP242 and INK128 inhibit rapamycin-resistant outputs of both TORC1 and TORC2. In vivo, oral administration of PP242 or INK128 delays leukemia onset and augments the effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Surprisingly, active-site TORC1/2 inhibitors have much weaker effects on proliferation and function of normal B and T cells than rapamycin. Selective TORC1/2 inhibitors are also less immunosuppressive than PI-103, a panPI3K-mTORC1/2 inhibitor. These findings establish that transformed lymphocytes are selectively sensitive to TORC1/2 inhibitors and support the development of such inhibitors for leukemia therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1798.
Oxygen and publicity
Authors: F. Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Christmas is coming and this week we launch the BMJ ’s Christmas appeal. After last year’s success, when BMJ readers gave over £33 632 to buy 210 pulse oximeters for use in 10 low resource countries, we are supporting the Lifebox Foundation again. As Sarah Kessler reports (doi:10.1136/bmj.e8241) the charity was overwhelmed by your generosity and grateful for your feedback—both in person, when some of you picked up oximeters to hand deliver on trips abroad, and in rapid responses on bmj.com.

Some of you will remember that there were critical voices among those rapid responses, asking about cost and effectiveness. We felt that Lifebox responded robustly ( BMJ …
ColoGuidePro: A Prognostic 7-Gene Expression Signature for Stage III Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Anita Sveen, Trude H. Ågesen, Arild Nesbakken, Gunn Iren Meling, Torleiv O. Rognum, Knut Liestøl, Rolf I. Skotheim, Ragnhild A. Lothe
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Improved prognostic stratification of patients with stage II and III colorectal cancer is warranted for postoperative clinical decision making. This study was conducted to develop a clinically feasible and robust prognostic classifier for these patients independent of adjuvant treatment.Global gene expression profiles from altogether 387 stage II and III colorectal cancer tissue samples from three independent patient series were included in the study. ColoGuidePro, a seven-gene prognostic classifier, was developed from a selected Norwegian learning series (n = 95; no adjuvant treatment) using lasso-penalized multivariate survival modeling with cross-validation.The expression signature significantly stratified patients in a consecutive Norwegian test series, in which patients were treated according to current standards [HR, 2.9 (1.1-7.5); P = 0.03; n = 77] and an external validation series [HR, 3.7 (2.0-6.8); P < 0.001; n = 215] according to survival. ColoGuidePro was also an independent predictor of prognosis in multivariate models including tumor stage in both series (HR, ≥ 3.1; P ≤ 0.03). In the validation series, which consisted of patients from other populations (United States and Australia), 5-year relapse-free survival was significantly predicted for stage III patients only (P < 0.001; n = 107). Here, prognostic stratification was independent of adjuvant treatment (P = 0.001).We present ColoGuidePro, a prognostic classifier developed for patients with stage II and III colorectal cancer. The test is suitable for transfer to clinical use and has best prognostic prediction potential for stage III patients.
Ménière's Disease
Authors: Franz Altmann
Journal: JAMA (1961)

MÉNIÈRE'S DISEASE, when fully developed, is characterized by a<i>triad of symptoms</i>, a sensory-neural hearing loss, tinnitus in the diseased ear of varying intensity, and attacks of true vertigo lasting from several minutes to several hours. The<i>auditory disturbances</i>are usually characterized by wide fluctuations in the threshold of hearing, particularly in the lower and middle range. Tests for recruitment show it to be present in practically every case. During the attacks the threshold drops sharply but, particularly in early stages of the disease, may go back to normal within a few days or weeks. In advanced stages the fluctuations become less marked, and the hearing fails to return to normal or to improve markedly in the intervals between the attacks. A permanent and progressive hearing loss develops which, as a rule, is more marked in the lower and middle range. It may, however, extend uniformly over the entire
Taking charts home after work
Authors: Shane Neilson
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Long-term prognosis for patients with variant angina and influential factors.
Authors: H Yasue, A Takizawa, M Nagao, S Nishida, M Horie, J Kubota, S Omote, K Takaoka, K Okumura
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Two hundred forty-five patients with variant angina were followed for an average of 80.5 months (range, 36-184 months). Survival rate at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years was 98%, 97%, 97%, and 93%, respectively. Survival rate without myocardial infarction at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years was 86%, 85%, 83%, and 81%, respectively. By univarite analysis, ST segment elevation in both the anterior and inferior electrocardiographic leads was the most important factor influencing survival, followed by use of calcium antagonists, left ventricular function, smoking, and alcohol intake. The variables that significantly correlated with survival without myocardial infarction were use of calcium antagonists, left ventricular function, extent and severity of coronary artery disease, coronary artery bypass surgery, and disease activity. Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model showed that intake of calcium antagonists, extent and severity of coronary artery disease, and ST segment elevation in both the anterior and inferior leads were significant independent predictors of survival without myocardial infarction. We conclude that long-term prognosis for patients with variant angina is relatively good and that use of calcium antagonists improves it.
Inhibition of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Attenuates Neurocognitive Dysfunction Resulting from Cranial Irradiation
Authors: Dinesh K. Thotala, Dennis E. Hallahan, Eugenia M. Yazlovitskaya
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract There are now more than 10 million cancer survivors in the United States. With these numbers, chronic sequelae that result from cancer therapy have become a major health care problem. Although radiation therapy of the brain has improved cancer cure rates, learning disorders and memory deficits are a common consequence of this therapy. Here we show that glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) is required for radiation-induced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and subsequent neurocognitive decline. Inhibition of GSK-3β either by small molecules (SB216763 or SB415286) or by ectopic expression of kinase-inactive GSK-3β before irradiation significantly attenuated radiation-induced apoptosis in hippocampal neurons. GSK-3β inhibition with SB216763 or SB415286 also decreased apoptosis in the subgranular zone of the hippocampus in irradiated mice, leading to improved cognitive function in irradiated animals. Studies of the molecular mechanisms of the cytoprotective effect showed that GSK-3β activity in hippocampal neurons was not significantly altered by radiation, pointing to the indirect involvement of this enzyme in radiation-induced apoptosis. At the same time, radiation led to increased accumulation of p53, whereas inhibition of the basal level of GSK-3β activity before radiation prevented p53 accumulation, suggesting a possible mechanism of cytoprotection by GSK-3β inhibitors. These findings identify GSK-3β signaling as a key regulator of radiation-induced damage in hippocampal neurons and suggest that GSK-3β inhibitors may have a therapeutic role in protecting both pediatric and adult cancer patients and may help to improve quality of life in cancer survivors. [Cancer Res 2008;68(14):5859–68]
Time trends and seasonal variation in hospital admissions for childhood asthma in the Athens region of Greece: 1978-88.
Authors: K Priftis, J Anagnostakis, E Harokopos, I Orfanou, M Petraki, P Saxoni-Papageorgiou
Journal: Thorax (1993)

The aim of the study was to determine the trend and seasonal variation in hospital admissions for childhood asthma in the Athens region of Greece.Data were obtained from hospital registries of the three main children's hospitals in Athens between 1978 and 1988. Children admitted with the diagnosis of asthma, asthmatic bronchitis, or wheezy bronchitis were included. The data were expressed as admission rates per 100,000 of the same aged population.There were 9795 admissions for asthma over the 11 years and the admission rate rose by 294%. Admissions among those aged 0-4 and 5-14 rose by 272% and 379% respectively. Monthly admissions showed a pronounced seasonal variation, rising during the cold damp period in the 0-4 age group, but peaking around May in the 5-14 age group.These findings suggest that hospital admissions due to asthma in the Athens region have increased considerably since 1978, and that clear cut seasonal variations exist which are specific to age.
P90Necrotic cardiomyocytes release soluble pro-inflammatory molecule(s) inducing il1r/myd88-dependent inflammatory responses in cardiac fibroblasts
Authors: J Lugrin, R Parapanov, N Rosenblatt-Velin, B Waeber, F Feihl, L Liaudet
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Background: Inflammation comes out to be a critical biological process in the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction (MI). We hypothesize that this inflammation is triggered by necrotic cardiomyocytes (Cmc) that release a set of endogenous molecules (DAMPs: danger-associated molecular patterns) activating inflammatory responses in cardiac fibroblasts. Aim: Analyze in vitro the immune activation of cardiac fibroblasts exposed to necrotic Cmc conditioned media. Methods: Primary neonatal murine cardiac fibroblasts and Cmc were obtained by digestion of neonatal hearts and differential plating technique allowing a selection for cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts. Cmc were killed by necrotic stimuli including oxidants (hydrogen peroxide) and mechanic stresses (freeze-thaw). Necrosis was assessed using Hoechst/PI stainings. Fibroblasts were exposed to necrotic Cmc conditioned media and mRNA expression of inflammatory genes was measured by real-time PCR and ELISA. Activation of signaling pathways was analyzed by western blot. We used cardiac cells from Myd88-/-, Trif-/- and Nlrp3-/- animals to evaluate the contribution of TLRs/IL1-R and NLRP3 inflammasome in the sensing of necrotic DAMPs. Results: mRNA expression of chemokines such as MCP-1, MIP-2 and IP-10 were induced in fibroblasts exposed to necrotic Cmc conditioned media. Alternatively, fibroblasts exposed to necrotic fibroblasts conditioned media showed a lower increase in mRNA expression of these chemokines. In addition, in fibroblasts from Myd88-/- mice, response to Cmc conditioned media was fully abrogated whereas no difference was observed in Trif-/- and Nlrp3-/- fibroblasts. Conclusion: Cardiac fibroblasts are able to produce a rapid and specific inflammatory response to necrotic Cmc conditioned media involving the expression of neutrophil and monocyte chemoattractants. The dependence on MyD88 adaptor protein strongly suggests that this response relies on TLR/IL-1R signaling. These results engage cardiac fibroblasts as key players in post-MI inflammatory responses as they are able to sense DAMPs from necrotic Cmc and possibly recruit inflammatory cells. Research supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation, Grant n° 310030_135394/1
SANITARIA AND TENT COLONIES.DO THEY PREVENT AND CURE TUBERCULOSIS?
Authors: DANIEL LICHTY
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Whether sanitaria and tent colonies are the best means of treating and preventing tuberculosis is, it seems to me, a seasonable question. We easily recall how our old friend, the pendulum, is called on to picture for us a point. The proneness of a majority to assemble at either terminal of the arc is too true to be successfully refuted. The psychopathy of majorities must still be recognized. It is not from a spirit of unkindly or adverse criticism or vicious iconoclasm that the subject is presented here in the form it is, but in order that a negative presentation may bring out the discussion the subject merits. It is realized that this exclusive and expert management as a form of treatment of tuberculosis has passed beyond the incubating period and is now in its maturity with abundant material for its defense. The potency and beneficence of pure air and
1014-210 Coronary sinus Os and fossa ovalis ablation: Effect on interatrial conduction and inducibility of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Peter Ott, Sheng He, Alfred E Buxton, Malcom M Kirk, Bryan Frain, Charles Koo, Peter Kozel, Andy Chiavetta, Dennis Lamser, Dave McAdam
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
The Effect of Acarbose on Insulin Sensitivity in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Jean-Louis Chiasson, Robert G Josse, Lawrence A Leiter, Marko Mihic, David M Nathan, Carol Palmason, Robert M Cohen, Thomas MS Wolever
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of acarbose, an α-glucosidase inhibitor, on postprandial plasma glucose and insulin and insulin sensitivity in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects with IGT were randomly treated in a double-blind fashion with placebo (n = 10) or acarbose (n = 8) at 100 mg t.i.d. for 4 months. All subjects were submitted before randomization and at the end of the study to a standardized breakfast and a 12-h daytime plasma glucose and plasma insulin profile, and insulin sensitivity was measured as steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) using the insulin suppression test. RESULTS While placebo had no effect on postprandial plasma glucose and plasma insulin incremental area under the curve (AUC) (3.03 ± 0.5 vs. 3.76 ± 0.6 mmol·h−1 · l−1, P = NS; 1,488 ± 229 vs. 1,609 ± 253 pmol · h−1 · l−1, P = NS), acarbose resulted in a significant reduction for both glucose (1.44 ± 0.3 vs. 4.45 ± 0.9 mmol · h−1 · l−1, P = 0.002) and insulin (626.7 ± 104.3 vs. 1,338.3 ± 220.5 pmol · h−1 · l−1, P = 0.003). The reduction in 12-h plasma glucose and insulin AUC on acarbose (11.2 ± 2.1 mmol · h−1 · l−1 and 7.5 ± 0.7 nmol · h−1 · l−1) was significantly greater than that on placebo (4.0 ± 1.6 mmol · h−1 · l−1 and 0.8 ± 0.4 nmol · h−1 · l−1) (P = 0.014 and 0.041). While SSPG was not affected by placebo (13.9 ± 0.4 vs. 13.8 ± 0.3 mmol/l; P = NS), it was significantly improved by acarbose (10.9 ± 1.4 vs. 13.1 ± 1.5 mmol/l, P &amp;lt; 0.004) and was also significantly different from placebo at 4 months (P &amp;lt; 0.02). CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that in subjects with IGT, acarbose treatment decreases postprandial plasma glucose and insulin and improves insulin sensitivity. Acarbose may therefore be potentially useful to prevent the progression of IGT to NIDDM.
Increased renal thromboxane production in murine lupus nephritis.
Authors: V E Kelley, S Sneve, S Musinski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

To determine whether the amount of cyclooxygenase metabolites correlates with the development of lupus nephritis, intrarenal eicosanoid production was measured in autoimmune mice. Disease progression was related to the renal biosynthesis of prostaglandin (PGE2), prostacyclin (6 keto PGF1 alpha), and thromboxane (TXB2) using the MRL-lpr and NZB X NZW F1 hybrid mouse strains with predictably progressive forms of renal disease that mimic the human illness. Mice were evaluated for renal disease by measuring urinary protein excretion and renal immunopathological conditions and these features were related to renal eicosanoid production. These studies show that: (a) intrarenal synthesis of TXB2 increased incrementally in MRL-lpr and NZB X NZW F1 hybrid mice as renal function deteriorated and renal pathologic events progressed; (b) there were no consistent increases in the levels of two other cyclooxygenase metabolites, PGE2 or 6 keto PGF1 alpha; (c) increased TXB2 production occurred in the renal medulla, cortex, and within enriched preparations of cortical glomeruli; (d) when renal disease was prevented by pharmacologic doses of PGE2, intrarenal TXB2 did not increase; (e) administration of a dose of ibuprofen (9 mg/kg), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor capable of reducing 90% of platelet TXB2 without affecting intrarenal levels, did not retard the progression of renal damage. Taken together, these data indicate that the intrarenal level of TXB2 rises in relation to the severity of murine lupus nephritis. Furthermore, because of the potential deleterious effects of TXA2, enhanced production of this eicosanoid may be an important mediator of renal injury.
Hiroshima: the unforgettable fire.
Authors: T. Delamothe
Journal: BMJ (1989)

BrMedJ 1989;2** 1023-5 There was never any doubt that sooner or later the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War (IPPNW) would end up in Hiroshima. Last week some 3000 representatives of the world's fastest growing medical organisation met there for its largest ever annual congress. On the face of it Hiroshima looks like the wrong place to argue against the survivability of nuclear attack. In its parks and gardens the leaves were turning gold and red and fountains spouted, and the highrise blocks sparkled in the autumn light. Moored on a river once choked with bodies is Hiroshima's most famous shellfish restaurant. The local newspaper records that the Industrial Promotion Hall, left standing because the blast came from directly overhead, now requires structural repairs for normal wear and tear, together with the effects of traffic on the adjoining main road. And yet Hiroshima is booby trapped with reminders of its past, which tear you apart without warning. Just when you've convinced yourself that the effects of the bomb were probably no worse than the fire bombing of Dresden or that the 100 000 or so lives lost in an instant may have been fewer than the total number of Japanese and American lives lost had the war continued, you come across something that overwhelms your attempts at rationality. You catch sight of a tall grassy mound
Lung donors for cystic fibrosis patients.
Authors: J. J. Egan, K. Webb, A. A. Woodcock
Journal: Thorax (1996)

As a centre involved in the care of patients with cystic fibrosis both before and after transplantation, we read with considerable interest the experience of Ryan and Stable- forth of lung transplantation for their patients (March 1996;51:302-5).Their observation