tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases and collagenase inhibitory activity in lung secretions from patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis: effect of corticosteroid treatment.
Authors: D Burnett, J J Reynolds, R V Ward, S C Afford, R A Stockley
Journal: Thorax (1986)

The physiological mechanisms by which vibration and other physiotherapy interventions may clear secretions in subjects with cystic fibrosis are unknown. The main aim of this study was to compare the expiratory flow rates and frequencies of airflow oscillation of vibration to those of Acapella®, Flutter®, positive expiratory pressure and percussion. Respiratory flow rates were measured during interventions, the order of which was randomised. The oscillation of the airflow of the interventions was determined by frequency spectral analysis. In 18 young adult subjects with cystic fibrosis, the mean peak expiratory flow rate of vibration was greater than Flutter®, percussion, Acapella® and positive expiratory pressure. The mean±sd of the oscillation of the airflow of vibration (8.4±0.4 Hz) was lower than Acapella® (13.5±1.7 Hz) and Flutter® (11.3±1.5 Hz) but similar to percussion (7.3±0.3 Hz). Theoretically, the higher peak expiratory flow rate of vibration compared to the other physiotherapy interventions may promote secretion clearance. In addition, the frequency of oscillation of vibration was within the range demonstrated to increase mucus transport. This study has provided some evidence for the physiological rationale for the use of vibration to aid secretion clearance.
Analysis of Intracellular Cytokines in CD4<sup>+</sup>and CD8<sup>+</sup>Lung and Blood T Cells in Sarcoidosis
Authors: JAN WAHLSTRÖM, KIANOOSH KATCHAR, HANS WIGZELL, OLLE OLERUP, ANDERS EKLUND, JOHAN GRUNEWALD
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2001)

In pulmonary sarcoidosis, activated T cells accumulate in the lungs. We hypothesized that the balance between the T-helper type 1 (Th1) cytokines (interferon [IFN]- γ and interleukin [IL]-2) and Th2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 might explain differences in clinical outcome in pulmonary sarcoidosis, such as why patients of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) type DR17 have a much better prognosis than those of other HLA types. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and lymphocytes obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from HLA-typed sarcoidosis patients, as well as PBL from healthy controls, were stimulated in vitro, fixed, and permeabilized with saponin. Thereafter, cells were stained with fluorescence- labeled antibodies specific for intracellular cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IFN- γ , and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α and cell surface markers CD4 and CD8, and were subjected to flow-cytometric analysis. In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), there were significantly greater frequencies of T cells positive for IFN- γ and TNF- α than there were among PBL, and significantly fewer cells positive for IL-4, in both the CD4+ and CD8+ subsets. HLA-DR17–positive patients showed a tendency toward a less pronounced Th1 response that may be related to their good prognosis. Sarcoidosis patients had higher frequencies of cells positive for IFN- γ , IL-4, and IL-2 in their blood than did healthy controls, a finding that may reflect the systemic nature of sarcoidosis. A clear Th1 cytokine profile of CD4+ as well as of CD8+ T cells was demonstrated in BALF from sarcoidosis patients. This was most pronounced for CD8+ cells, which may therefore make an important contribution to the inflammatory process in the lungs in pulmonary sarcoidosis.
A 24-Year-Old Woman With Intractable Seizures
Authors: Donald L. Schomer, Peter M. Black
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Epilepsy, a recurrent seizure disorder affecting 1% of the population, can be genetic in origin and thereby affect multiple members in a family, or it can be sporadic. Many sporadic seizures come from a specific "focus" in the cortex. Focal-onset seizures account for 60% of all cases of epilepsy. Among patients with partial seizures, 35% respond poorly to available medication and may benefit from neurosurgical excisional surgery. In cases in which epilepsy is localized through different modes (electroencephalogram, magnetic resonance imaging, etc) to a specific area of the brain where there is an associated lesion, more than half of patients can expect a successful surgical outcome. In patients with consistent seizure-associated behavior but without a lesion, surgical treatment is less successful. Ms H, a young woman with a history of medically intractable partial epilepsy, does not have an anatomical lesion but wants to know if a surgical approach is a good option for her.
Fexofenadine HCl 60 mg/pseudoephedrine HCl 120 mg has a rapid onset of action of 45 minutes in seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) patients*1
Authors: R. Berkowitz, F. McCafferty, S. Shaver, C. Lutz, D. Bazelmans, P. Godfrey, S. Meeves, Y. Liao, C. Qiu, G. Georges
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Red Wine Does Not Reduce Mature Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice
Authors: Jacob F. Bentzon, Erik Skovenborg, Carsten Hansen, Jan Møller, Nathalie Saint-Cricq de Gaulejac, John Proch, Erling Falk
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Red wine polyphenols and ethanol reduce fatty streak formation (early atherosclerosis) in various animal models. These experimental results support the observation that alcoholic beverages protect against myocardial infarction in humans. However, fatty streaks may not reflect the pathology of mature and clinically relevant atherosclerosis. The present study examined the effects of red wine polyphenols and ethanol on mature atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E–deficient mice. Methods and Results —Eighty-four 7-week-old mice were randomized to receive water, red wine (diluted to 6% ethanol v/v), 6% ethanol v/v, or red wine powder in water. All mice were fed a normal chow diet. At 26 weeks of age, the mice were killed. HDL cholesterol was raised 12.0% (95% CI, 4.0% to 20.0%) and 9.2% (95% CI, 1.5% to 16.9%) by red wine and ethanol, respectively. At the end of study, all mice exhibited advanced atherosclerosis in the aortic bulb, whereas less mature atherosclerosis predominated in the brachiocephalic trunk. The amount of atherosclerosis in the aortic bulb and the brachiocephalic trunk were similar in all groups ( P =0.92 and P =0.14, respectively). To evaluate whether ethanol or red wine polyphenols were protective by stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques rather than reducing their size, we measured the percentage of collagen-poor areas in left coronary sinus plaques as a morphological criterion of plaque stability. The percentage of collagen-poor areas did not differ between groups ( P =0.71). Conclusions —Neither ethanol nor red wine polyphenols reduced mature atherosclerosis or changed the content of collagen in plaques in apolipoprotein E–deficient mice.
Survival of lethal poxvirus infection in mice depends on TLR9, and therapeutic vaccination provides protection
Authors: Christofer Samuelsson, Jürgen Hausmann, Henning Lauterbach, Michaela Schmidt, Shizuo Akira, Hermann Wagner, Paul Chaplin, Mark Suter, Meredith O’Keeffe, Hubertus Hochrein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2008)

Poxviruses such as the causative agent of smallpox have developed multiple strategies to suppress immune responses, including the suppression of DC activation. Since poxviruses are large DNA viruses, we hypothesized that their detection by DCs may involve the endosomal DNA recognition receptor TLR9. Indeed, we have shown here that DC recognition of ectromelia virus (ECTV), the causative agent of mousepox, completely depended on TLR9. The importance of TLR9 was highlighted by the fact that mice lacking TLR9 showed drastically increased susceptibility to infection with ECTV. In contrast, we found that the strongly attenuated poxvirus modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) activated DCs by both TLR9-dependent and -independent pathways. We therefore tested whether we could use the broader induction of immune responses by MVA to protect mice from a lethal infection with ECTV. Indeed, MVA given at the same time as a lethal dose of ECTV protected mice from death. Importantly, MVA also rescued TLR9-deficient mice if administered 2 full days after an otherwise lethal infection with ECTV. Therefore, these data suggest an essential role for TLR9 in the defense against poxviruses. In addition, postexposure application of MVA may protect against lethal poxvirus infection.
The correlation between whole body reaction time and the onset timing of lower extremity muscles during landing
Authors: R Sasaki, Y Urabe, Y Yamanaka, E Fujii, Y Matsubayashi
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2011)

Background Quickness can be shown as whole body reaction time (WBRT) by measuring how quickly they can react for a stimulus. In addition, it is said that the onset timing of muscles contribute to stabilise joints and to prevent injury during the movement. Objective The purpose of this study is to clarify the correlation between WBRT and the onset timing of muscles during landing. Design Randomisation study. Setting Youth sports. Participants 15 healthy female college students volunteered in this study. Intervention WBRT was defined as the duration from light stimulus to the both feet apart from the floor. The onset timing of muscles were measured by bilateral landing from the 40 cm height box with the electromyography (EMG). EMG data were collected from vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), semimembranosus (SM) and biceps femoris (BF). The onset timing of the muscle was visually identified as the first point, which was the EMG amplitude of 100 ms after the start of landing movement that exceeded the mean baseline activity by three SD. The definition of the baseline was set as the EMG amplitude of the 100 ms after the toe-off from the box. Main outcome measurements The hypothesis was that there were the correlation between WBRT and the onset timing of muscles. Results The mean±SD of WBRT was 331.8±45.6 ms. VM onset timing during landing was 243.7±78.3 ms, VL was 259.6±75.5 ms, SM was 191.7±86.2 ms, BF was 237.5±73.8 ms. There were correlations between WBRT and SM and BF onset timings (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion This study identified the correlation between WBRT and SM and BF onset timing. It might be possible to make SM and BF onset timing occur faster by reacting to certain stimulus faster.
The evidence base for shaken baby syndrome: Meaning of signature must be made explicit
Authors: Mark Donohoe
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Adolescents with rheumatic diseases frequently continue to require rheumatologic care into adulthood, either due to continued active disease and requirement for treatment, or management of sequelae of disease. In addition, these vulnerable adolescents need to manage transition in schooling, work, living situation, health insurance coverage, and peer relationships. In the recent years, there has been increased focus on improving transition support to adolescents with chronic diseases, resulting in a variety of specialized programs and resources. Objectives for this talk are: a) To describe North American transition guidelines and models for youth with rheumatic diseases, and how these are applied across different centres and regions. b) To compare transition practices in pediatric rheumatic programs in North America. c) To review new transition planning resources for use in the pediatric rheumatology setting. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Reevaluation of Electrocardiographic and Bedside Criteria for Diagnosis of Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: R. A. MASSUMI, A. A. TAWAKKOL, A. D. KISTIN, Howard Jackson
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Electrically induced ventricular and atrial tachycardias were observed in 12 cases, and ventriculoatrial (V-A) and atrioventricular (A-V) relationships were studied. It was noted that retrograde V-A conduction is a common phenomenon and that A-V dissociation is not a prerequisite for diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia. Conduction through the A-V node occurred readily in both antegrade and retrograde directions; and, all grades of block from first to complete and including the Wenckebach phenomenon were observed in both directions. The intensity of the first heart sound and the amplitude of the jugular a wave were governed directly by the temporal relationship between the P and the QRS regardless of whether conduction was antegrade, atrioventricular, or retrograde, ventriculoatrial. It is concluded that at present no electrocardiographic or bedside criteria are available for an unequivocal diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia and that further studies are needed.
The Cerebral Circulation and Metabolism in Arteriosclerotic and Hypertensive Cerebrovascular Disease
Authors: Albert Heyman, John L. Patterson, T. Whatley Duke, Louis L. Battey
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1953)

RECENT studies on the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular accidents have emphasized the importance of either vasomotor changes in the cerebral vessels themselves or temporary inadequacy of the systemic circulation.1, Although such functional alterations are probably significant in the causation of cerebrovascular accidents, the existence of structural changes in the cerebral vessels is generally believed to aggravate if not actually to provide the underlying basis of the vascular episode.3, n this regard it is of interest that a reduction in both cerebral blood flow5 and oxygen uptake6 has been found in elderly subjects even in the absence of symptoms of . . .
Selection of portal-systemic shunts with an eye to subsequent liver transplantation
Authors: Wayne M. Flye
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Patent distal splenorenal shunts (Warren shunt) have been reported to cause decreases in the portal perfusion pressure and the total hepatic blood flow. Such hemodynamic alterations could have adverse effects on the transplanted liver. The experience with hepatic replacement in four patients with patent Warren shunts is reported. Operative findings were phlebosclerotic portal veins of small size and diminished portal blood flows. Hepatofugal collateral channels created by the construction of the Warren shunt were eliminated by division of the shunt and splenectomy in three patients and splenectomy alone in the other. All patients recovered. A Warren shunt is not a contraindication for transplantation.
THE FUNCTION OF THE CARDIAC VAGUS
Authors: R. Parker
Journal: BMJ (1918)

Crichton Institution, anid in the report for 1914 Dr. Easter.brook discussed the whole question very fully, making a strong plea, for which he will lhave wide support, that the privilege should be extended to rate-aided or public patients, and arguing against a system compelling a patient to gain admission only by being classed as both a ";lunatic " and "pauper."He rightly insists that mental illness, like other illnesses, is primarily a derangement of health and not a necessary part of poverty, nor an offence, nor a crime, and he suggests that the local health authority would be the more appropriate department to take the initial steps in dealing with rate-aided mental invalids.A CLINICAL COURSE IN VENEREAL DISEASE.Under the local authority sclheme for the diagnosis and treatment of venereal diseases, Dr. D. Watson, lecturer on venereal diseases in the University of Glasgow, will conduct a course of clinical instruction for n:edical practitioners, from Monday, September 30th, to Friday, October lltl, at 2 p.m. each day.The class will meet on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays at the Glasgow Royal Infirimiary, and on Tuesdays and Thursdays at 41, Rottenrow, Glasgow.The course is free, but as the number who may attend is limited, early application should be made to the medical superintendent, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow.
Contribution of timetabled physical education to total physical activity in primary school children: cross sectional study
Authors: K. M Mallam
Journal: BMJ (2003)

We thank M Vaquero for dissecting the coronary arteries; J C Borondo for pathologic evaluations; R Llombart for collecting anatomical specimens; E Casals for supervising biochemical analyses; D Zambon for support in statistical analysis; M Guevara and C Bauchet for lipoprotein and thiocyanate determinations; Instituto Anatómico
Herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in a 5-year-old boy presenting with recurrent chest wall vesicles and a possible history of herpes encephalitis
Authors: W.Y.M. TANG, J.Y.C. LO, M.K. YUEN, W.Y. LAM
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

A 5-year-old hyperkinetic but otherwise healthy child presented with recurrent irritable vesicles and erosions of the anterior chest wall; they have been apparent since the age of 15 months. Wound swab cultures yielded herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) and Western blot serology showed past exposure to both HSV-1 and HSV-2. Skin biopsy results further supported a herpes virus infection. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed right temporal lobe atrophy. An evaluation showed no evidence of sexual abuse in the patient but a Western blot assay of the mother's serum for HSV-2 was positive, while the father's was negative. In view of the diagnosis of HSV-2 infection in such a young patient, the possible routes of transmission and the time of acquisition of infection were explored. We believe the most likely route of infection in this child was postnatal, through intimate contact with the mother.
Anaphylactoid shock – a common cause of death in heroin addicts?
Authors: E. Edston, M. van Hage‐Hamsten, Erik Edston
Journal: Allergy (1997)

We measured mast‐cell tryptase in postmortem blood from 22 heroin addicts dying suddenly after injection. In 32%, the concentration of tryptase was elevated (≥10 μg/1), and the mean value of tryptase was significantly different from a control group dying from known, nonimmunologic causes ( P &lt;0.05). The increased tryptase concentrations indicate that death was preceded by systemic mast‐cell degranulation. All victims of drug deaths had morphine in blood, most below 0.2 μg/ml. In 71% of the victims of drug‐related deaths with tryptase values ≥10 μg/1, the intermediate degradation product, 6–monoacetyl‐morphine, was not found in blood, whereas this was the case in only two victims with values below that cutoff point. This indicates that those with high tryptase concentrations survived longer than those with lower values. No correlation was found between the IgE levels and tryptase in either group, supporting the hypothesis that tryptase release was not mediated by an allergic reaction. The well‐known property of opiates to stimulate unspecifically the liberation of histamine and other constituents of mast‐cell granules offers one explanation of our observations. The results suggest that many heroin fatalities are caused by an anaphylactoid reaction.
INTERTROCHANTERIC FRACTURE OF THE FEMUR
Authors: S. POTTER BARTLEY
Journal: JAMA (1931)

My purpose in this paper is to review 100 consecutive fractures of the femur occurring in adults and to describe in detail the method of management in intertrochanteric fractures which, in my experience, has given the best end-results.  Intertrochanteric fracture, as the name implies, is that fracture in which the plane of bony separation extends from the greater trochanter downward and through the lesser trochanter. This fracture should not be considered as a fracture of the femoral neck and should not be included in the consideration of fractures of the neck of the femur. This is mentioned because in not a few papers and in the clinical demonstration of fracture of the femoral neck, intertrochanteric fracture is at times included. It might also be stated that in a review of roentgenograms, intertrochanteric fractures are classified as fractures of the neck of the femur in many instances.  The anatomic varieties of
Ontogeny of hepatobiliary secretion: Role of glutathione
Authors: Parvathi Mohan, Saidee C. Ling, John B. Watkins
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

The ontogeny of hepatic synthesis and biliary secretion of glutathione was characterized and correlated with hepatic gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, bile flow rate, biliary bile acids and amino acids in Sprague-Dawley rats at 18 days of gestation and postnatally at ages 7, 14, 21, 28 and 54 days. Bile was collected by bile duct cannulation under intraperitoneal anesthesia with nembutal/ketamine. Glutathione, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and bile acids were analyzed enzymatically and amino acids by high-performance liquid chromatography using established methods. Hepatic glutathione was low in the fetus, but increased to approximate adult levels by 7 days postnatally (2.77 mumol/gm liver). Hepatic gamma glutamyl transpeptidase activity, high in the fetus, declined to adult levels by day 7 (0.03 mumol/mg protein). In contrast, significant efflux of glutathione and its constituent amino acids into bile did not occur until weaning (21 days of age). During weaning, there was a fivefold increase in the biliary glutathione and with a twofold increase in bile flow rate. Biliary bile acids concentration remained constant throughout development, with only a 30% to 50% increase in its secretion rate. The data suggest that the developmentally related increase in bile flow rate was principally a result of the increase in bile acid independent flow from 1.1 microliters/(min.100 gm body wt) in the suckling to 4.3 microliters/(min.100 gm body wt) in the post-weanling animal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mutant monoclonal antibodies with alterations in biological functions
Authors: DE Yelton, MD Scharff
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

Somatic cell mutants with deletions in the immunoglobulin constant region were isolated from an IgG(2b) Ar-binding hybridoma. Rat anti-mouse immunoglobulins were used to identify the sites of the deletions. The mutant monoclonal antibodies differ from the parental molecule in their assembly states and are defective in various immunoglobulin activities, making them potentially more useful reagents.
Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis with Tolbutamide
Authors: Glen Thomas Sawyer
Journal: JAMA (1960)

The study of the effects of tolbutamide and dietary carbohydrate in multiple sclerosis was prompted by an almost complete remission of symptoms in a patient soon after initiation of tolbutamide therapy for acne. Tolbutamide was alternated with placebo capsules in six of the seven patients studied, the dosage ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 Gm. per day. The amount of dietary carbohydrate was frequently changed between high and low values. In all cases, except when a high-corbohydrate diet was started, remission was evident after administration of tolbutamide, whereas placebo capsule substitution was followed by exacerbation. In the majority of patients, a low-carbohydrate diet was beneficial, a high carbohydrate diet detrimental.