tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Extraperitoneal Hernia of Old Appendix Scar
Authors: D. C. L. Fitzwilliams
Journal: BMJ (1944)

MEDICAL JOURNALon two successive days, followed by eight daily injections of 150 mg.After five days without treatment a further injection of 200 mg.was given, followed by nine more, each of 300 mg., over a period of 14 days.A total dose of 4.3 g. was thus given in 39 days to a patient weighing 128 lb.As the preparation used was the relatively soluble isothionate, this would probably correspond to a dose of about 3 g. of the preparation given by Lawson (1942).The solutions were freshly prepared and the injections were given very slowly, as they were accompanied by distressing palpitation, a sense of pressure in the forehead, and itching of the skin.The blood pressure was taken on several occasions, and no fall was noticed after the injection.There was no thrombosis of veins or local reaction at the site of injection.The urine remained normal throughout the
Dysphagia Due to Hypertrophy of the Cricopharyngeus Muscle or Hypopharyngeal Bar
Authors: Edward B. Benedict, Richard H. Sweet
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

ACCORDING to Templeton and Kredel,1 "The ericopharyngeus muscle is a true sphincter which can be easily demonstrated at Roentgenologic examination. When the Valsalva test is performed, the contraction of the ericopharyngeus is intensified."Brunner2 gives the following description:The purpose of the tonic contraction of the cricopharyngeal sphincter is to prevent oesophageal respiration and to ensure that sufficient air enters the lungs. A relaxation of the cricopharyngeal sphincter would cause the air to be sucked more readily into the oesophagus than into the lungs... the mound at the posterior wall of the hypopharynx may be called the "hypopharyngeal bar," and . . .
Health Care Reform and the Crisis of HIV and AIDS in South Africa
Authors: Solomon R. Benatar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

South Africa's transition to a democracy -characterized by a liberal constitution, a bill of rights, and attempts to pursue reconciliation rather than revenge -has been widely admired as a paradigm shift in human relationships from seemingly inevitable conflict to a negotiated peace.The challenge of narrowing racial disparities in health care is a formidable one for the new government. 1,2The high rates of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and full-blown AIDS add another layer of complexity.In this review I evaluate health care reform and responses to the pandemic of HIV and AIDS during the first decade of the new democracy.progress toward improving health
The influence of a maternal chronic hepatitis B virus infection on the repertoire of transcribed T-cell receptor beta chain variable region genes in human cord blood*1
Authors: W ABBOTT
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

We used an anchor polymerase chain reaction method to compare the repertoires of transcribed T-cell receptor β chain variable region (Vβ) genes in cord blood T cells from neonates of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive (n = 40) and HBsAg negative (n = 40) women. Fifteen of the HBsAg positive women were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive, and 25 were HBeAg negative. The percentage of Vβ7.4 transcripts was lower in cord blood T cells from neonates of HBsAg-positive relative to HBsAg-negative women (9.7% ± 0.5% vs. 12.7% ± 0.6%, P = .002). The percent of Vβ5.1 transcripts was higher in cord blood T cells from neonates of HBeAg-positive relative to HBeAg-negative women (9.3% ± 0.7% vs. 7.0% ± 0.3%, P < .001). There were no correlations between neonatal maturity at birth and Vβ repertoire. In summary, a maternal chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is associated with changes in the repertoire of transcribed T-cell receptor genes in neonatal cord blood T cells. It is possible that the T-cell response to the HBV is associated with a limited repertoire of Vβ genes. The mechanism of vertical chronic HBV infection in human neonates may involve changes in the T-cell response to the virus that are induced in utero.
Calcium pumps and keratinocytes: lessons from Darier's disease and Hailey-Hailey disease
Authors: J. Dhitavat, R.J. Fairclough, A. Hovnanian, S.M. Burge
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Darier's disease and Hailey-Hailey disease are autosomal dominantly inherited skin disorders in which desmosomal adhesion between keratinocytes is abnormal. ATP2A2 and ATP2C1 have been identified as the causative genes for Darier's disease and Hailey-Hailey disease, respectively. ATP2A2 encodes the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase isoform 2 (SERCA2) pump, while ATP2C1 encodes a secretory pathway Ca(2+)/Mn(2+)-ATPase (SPCA1) found in the Golgi apparatus. We review recent work into the function of these pumps in human keratinocytes and discuss how mutations in these genes might cause these diseases by altering the formation or stability of desmosomes.
A Case of Enterectomy by End-to-End Suture in a Boy Aged 7
Authors: F. C. Wallis
Journal: BMJ (1900)

SARCOMATOUS NEUROMA OF POPLITEAL NERVE.lmTc BTor 95 and generally this is easily accomplished, as the ureter is dilated above the point of impaction of the stone, but if it is firmly fixed an incision should be made through the wall of' the ureter, and after the calculus has been extracted the incision may be closed by sutuires.
The rage to drink, or: Frontiers of expertise
Authors: Oliver Vitouch
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Current evidence shows that “talent” is an unreliable concept, but the competing concept of “expertise” suffers from inadequacies too: its research designs are structurally incomplete (talent and training are confounded) and individual factors are largely ignored. The deliberate practice account should be advanced by investigating in more detail the motivational and individual determinants of successful practice.
Evaluation of the Effect of Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Related Structural Interventions
Authors: Jonathan M. Ellen, Lauren Greenberg, Nancy Willard, James Korelitz, Bill G. Kapogiannis, Dina Monte, Cherrie B. Boyer, Gary W. Harper, Lisa M. Henry-Reid, Lawrence B. Friedman, René Gonin
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2015)

IMPORTANCEWith the emphasis on structural-level interventions that target social determinants of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission to curb the HIV epidemic, there is a need to develop evaluation models that can detect changes in individual factors associated with HIV-related structural changes.OBJECTIVE To describe whether structural changes developed and achieved by community coalitions are associated with an effect on individual factors associated with the risk of contracting HIV. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSIn this serial cross-sectional survey design, data were collected from 8 cities during 4 rounds of annual surveys from March 13, 2007, through July 29, 2010.Study recruitment took place at venues where the population of focus was known to congregate, such as clubs, bars, community centers, and low-income housing.The convenience sample of at-risk youth (persons aged 12-24 years) included 5337 individuals approached about the survey and 3142 (58.9%) who were screened for eligibility.Of the 2607 eligible participants, 2559 (98.2%) ultimately agreed to participate.INTERVENTIONS Achievement of locally identified structural changes that targeted public and private entities (eg, federal agencies, homeless shelters, and school systems) with the goal of fostering changes in policy and practice to ultimately facilitate positive behavioral changes aimed at preventing HIV.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Number of sexual partners, partner characteristics, condom use, and history of sexually transmitted infections and HIV testing.RESULTS Exposure to structural changes was not statistically significantly associated with any of the outcome measures, although some results were in the direction of a positive structural change effect (eg, a 10-unit increase in a structural change score had an odds ratio of 0.88 [95% CI, 0.76-1.03;P = .11]for having an older sexual partner and an odds ratio of 0.91 [95% CI, 0.60-1.39;P= .39]for using a condom half the time or less with a casual partner). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEThis study evaluated a broad representation of at-risk individuals and assessed the effect of numerous structural changes related to various HIV risk factors.No structural changes as measured in this study were associated with a statistically significant reduction in risk behaviors.These null findings underscore the need for a long-term approach in evaluating structural interventions and the development of more nuanced methods of quantifying and comparing structural-change initiatives and determining the appropriate strategies for evaluating effect.
Graves' Disease and The VDRL Test
Authors: Robert Miller
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> False-positive results in the Veneral Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test for syphilis are known to occur in numerous pathologic states especially in the collagen-vascular group of diseases, eg, rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus. Chronic debilitating diseases, such as tuberculosis and leprosy, have also been found to be frequent causes of abnormal results of serological study. The explanation often given for this phenomenon is that the above states are associated with either an abnormal or an elevated globulin level. In 1961 Selenkow et al<sup>1</sup>described the first case of a biological false-positive VDRL test in Hashimoto's disease. Since that time it has become well established that Hashimoto's disease is a frequent cause of abnormal serological findings. Graves' disease is known to be associated with an abnormal γ-globulin due to a long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) and is frequently associated with elevated γ-globulin levels. Doneach et al<sup>2</sup>have
Chloroquine Diphosphate in Rheumatoid Arthritis : A Controlled Trial
Authors: A. J. Popert, K. A. E. Meijers, J. Sharp, F. Bier
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1961)

CHLOROQUINE DIPHOSPHATE IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITISnumbers of patients in the trial, that the results would indicate whether chloroquine treatment should be considered in the routine management of patients with inflammatory polyarthritis. Material and MethodsThe trial originally included patients suffering from polyarthritic syndromes other than rheumatoid arthritis, in separate controlled groups, but the numbers of patients in these other categories were too small for analysis.This report therefore deals only with the results of treatment with chloroquine in patients with an inflammatory polyarthritis of rheumatoid type.Eligibility for Entry.-Allpatients with active rheu- matoid arthritis admitted to the beds of the Rheumatism Unit in the Manchester Royal Infirmary or in the Devon- shire Royal Hospital, Buxton, were eligible.The patients normally entered the trial during the second or third week after admission, when the results of the sheep cell agglutination test and other data were complete.A few patients who had by this time shown rapid improvement were not entered.The out-patients who were entered in the trial were those whose progress with conservative measures was not satisfactory; four had relapsed after in-patient treatment.The patients with rheumatoid arthritis who entered this trial were those for whom gold therapy would previously have been advised.Diagnostic Criteria.-Thecriteria for entry into the trial were broadly similar to those used in the com- parative trial of prednisolone with aspirin or other analgesics conducted by the Joint Committee of the Medical Research Council and Nuffield Foundation (Joint Committee Report, 1959), except that patients treatment.19
Effect of high dose growth hormone with glutamine and no change in diet on intestinal absorption in short bowel patients: a randomised, double blind, crossover, placebo controlled study
Authors: J Szkudlarek
Journal: Gut (2000)

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> High dose growth hormone, glutamine, and a high carbohydrate diet may improve intestinal function in short bowel patients. <h3>AIMS</h3> To investigate if growth hormone with glutamine and no change in diet improved intestinal function. <h3>PATIENTS AND METHODS</h3> Eight short bowel patients were randomised in a double blind crossover study between placebo and growth hormone (mean 0.12 mg/kg/day) with oral (mean 28 g/day) and parenteral glutamine (mean 5.2 g/day) for 28 days. Balance studies were performed at baseline and five days after placebo and treatment were terminated. Dietary energy, carbohydrate, and fat were maintained as usual. <h3>RESULTS</h3> Growth hormone with glutamine did not improve intestinal absorption of energy (baseline, placebo, treatment, mean: 46%, 48%, 46% of oral intake, respectively), carbohydrate (71%, 70%, 71%), fat (20%, 15%, 18%), nitrogen (27%, 18%, 19%), wet weight (37%, 39%, 31%), sodium (−16%, −16%, −36%), potassium (43%, 47%, 33%), calcium (−16%, −16%, −15%) or magnesium (−3%, 4%, 2%) compared with placebo or baseline (p&gt;0.05) five days after treatment was terminated. All patients experienced adverse effects. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> Combined high dose growth hormone and glutamine administered for four weeks did not improve intestinal absorption five days after treatment was terminated in short bowel patients on their usual diet.
Stopping at Nothing? Some Dilemmas of Data Monitoring in Clinical Trials
Authors: Steven N. Goodman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

This commentary reviews the argument that clinical trials with data monitoring committees that use statistical stopping guidelines should generally not be stopped early for large observed efficacy differences because efficacy estimates may be exaggerated and there is minimal information on treatment harms. Overall, the average of estimates from trials that use these boundaries differs minimally from the true value. Estimates from a given trial that seem implausibly high can be moderated by using Bayesian methods. Data monitoring committees are not ethically required to precisely estimate a large efficacy difference if that difference differs convincingly from zero, and the requirement to detect harms and balance efficacy against harm depends on whether the nature of the harm is known or unknown before the trial.
Correction: Parasympathetic Denervation of the Iris in Uremia
Authors: Juan C. Idiaquez
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1989)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1989Correction: Parasympathetic Denervation of the Iris in UremiaJuan C. Idiaquez, MD, Roberto O. García Ortiz, MD, Rodrigo K. Alonso, MDJuan C. Idiaquez, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Roberto O. García Ortiz, MDSearch for more papers by this author, Rodrigo K. Alonso, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-110-7-578_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: We would like to make the following correction to our letter (1) in the 1 December issue. The parenthetical statement in the sixth sentence should read "(standing to lying ratio)," not "(sucrase to lactase ratio)."Also, the first author's last name should be Idiaquez, not Idiaguez, and the second author's last name should have been García Ortiz, not García-Ortez....Reference1. IdiaguezGarcía-OrtezAlonso JRR. Parasympathetic denervation of the iris in uremia [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:929. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Valparaiso Valparaiso, Chile PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1989Volume 110, Issue 7Page: 578-578KeywordsDeceptionDenervation Issue Published: 1 April 1989 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Genetic Implications of G-6-PD Deficiency
Authors: Jane F. Desforges
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

GLUCOSE-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency varies greatly in its prevalence throughout the world, in its severity between the sexes and in the actual defect among those with the disorder. Over 100 variants of the enzyme have been described, of which some are unassociated with any clinical disorder and others are accompanied by chronic hemolytic anemia.1 These enzymes are characterized according to such kinetic properties as pH optimum, inhibition by NADPH, affinity for normal and abnormal substrates, and heat stability. In some, actual amino acid substitutions have been demonstrated.2 , 3 Some of the variant enzymes are associated with no or minimal hemolysis unless . . .
Enhanced production of IL-17A in patients with severe asthma is inhibited by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in a glucocorticoid-independent fashion
Authors: Alexandra M. Nanzer, Emma S. Chambers, Kimuli Ryanna, David F. Richards, Cheryl Black, Peter M. Timms, Adrian R. Martineau, Christopher J. Griffiths, Christopher J. Corrigan, Catherine M. Hawrylowicz
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2013)
Dectin-1 directs T helper cell differentiation by controlling noncanonical NF-κB activation through Raf-1 and Syk
Authors: Sonja I Gringhuis, Jeroen den Dunnen, Manja Litjens, Michiel van der Vlist, Brigitte Wevers, Sven C M Bruijns, Teunis B H Geijtenbeek
Journal: Nature Immunology (2009)
Relief of causalgia in limbs yb regional intravenous guanethidine.
Authors: J G Hannington-Kiff
Journal: BMJ (1979)

immediately on standing after a period of rest or when walking about.These symptoms disappeared between the fifth and tenth days after the last dose of propranolol.There were no associated complaints of angina, sweating, tremor, or agitation. CommentLong-term treatment with propranolol lowers the blood pressure and increases the plasma noradrenaline concentration, probably due to baroreflex stimulation resulting from the fall in cardiac output.Sudden withdrawal of propranolol produced a steady reversal of these features over four days.There was no evidence of excessive sym- pathetic activity during the withdrawal phase.Our results do not rule out a moderate degree of receptor hypersensitivity on withdrawing long-term beta-blockade, which may have been partly responsible for the heart rate increase 48 hours after the last dose, but these changes were slight.
Alterations in the Baroreceptor Reflex in Conscious Dogs with Heart Failure
Authors: Charles B. Higgins, Stephen F. Vatner, Dwain L. Eckberg, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

The effectiveness of the baroreceptor reflex in conscious dogs with experimental cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure was compared with that in a group of normal conscious dogs. Cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure were produced by tricuspid avulsion and progressive pulmonary stenosis. The sensitivity of the baroreceptor reflex to transient hypertension was assessed by determining the slope of the regression line relating the prolongation of the R-R interval to the rise in systolic arterial pressure during the transient elevation of arterial pressure induced by an intravenous injection of 1-phenylephrine. The mean slope averaged 22.4+/-2.3 msec/nm Hg in 16 normal animals. 23.1 +/-1.5 in five sham-operated animals, and was significantly reduced to 8.3 +/-0.8 in 10 dogs with hypertrophy alone (P < 0.001), and to 3.3+/-0.5 in nine dogs with heart failure (P < 0.001). The response to baroreceptor hypotension was compared during bilateral carotid artery occlusion (BCO) in six normal and six heart failure dogs previously instrumented with Doppler flow transducers on the superior mesenteric and renal arteries. During BCO, in normal dogs arterial pressure increased 52+/-4 mm Hg, heart rate 33+/-2 beats/min, mesenteric resistance 0.17+/-0.03 mm Hg/ml per min, and renal resistance 0.37+/-0.10 mm Hg/ml per min. In the heart failure group all of these variables increased significantly less (P < 0.01); arterial pressure rose 25 +/-3 mm Hg, heart rate 13 +/-4 beats/min, mesenteric resistance 0.04+/-0.007 mm Hg/ml per min, and renal resistance 0.18+/-0.09 mm Hg/ml per min.Thus, in heart failure, all measured systemic and regional circulatory adjustments consequent to baroreceptor hypo- and hypertension are markedly attenuated. This study demonstrates a profound derangement of a major cardiovascular control mechanism in experimental heart failure.
Honey for Decubitus Ulcers
Authors: Robert Blomfield
Journal: JAMA (1973)

To the Editor.—  With reference to Dr. James Barnes' work using granulated sugar in the healing of ulcers (223-122, 1973), I should like to mention a somewhat similar traditional remedy, the use of honey, for such problems. I have been using pure natural honey for the past few months in the accident and emergency departments where I work, and I have found that, applied every two or three days under a dry dressing, it promotes the healing of ulcers and burns better than any other local applications I've used before.  It can also readily be applied to any other surface wounds, including cuts and abrasions, and I can recommend it to all doctors as a very inexpensive and valuable cleansing and healing agent.  It even has a delicious taste!
HIV-associated primary pulmonary hypertension. A case control study. Swiss HIV Cohort Study.
Authors: M Opravil, M Pechère, R Speich, H I Joller-Jemelka, R Jenni, E W Russi, B Hirschel, R Lüthy
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

To assess the clinical and echocardiographic time course, prognosis, and possible etiology of HIV-associated primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH), we prospectively followed all 19 patients in whom PPH was diagnosed in our centers. Women (12 cases) and injecting drug use (16 cases) predominated; the median CD4 lymphocytes count was 83/microliter (range, 1 to 740). Matched control subjects without PPH were identified within the Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Frozen serum samples of both groups were then reanalyzed for autoimmune parameters, neopterin, beta-2-microglobulin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone. The median follow up of the patients was 1.3 yr. Follow-up Doppler echocardiography was available in 13 patients. The RVSP-RAP pressure gradient decreased by 3.2 mm Hg for those six patients who received antiretroviral treatment but increased by 19.0 mm Hg for untreated patients (p = 0.026). PPH was the cause of eight of 17 deaths. The probability of surviving was significantly decreased in patients with PPH in comparison with the control subjects; the median survival was 1.3 versus 2.6 yr (p < 0.05). Patients with PPH had significantly higher anticardiolipin IgM, anti SS-B, and neopterin, but all other laboratory values did not differ between cases and control subjects. In conclusion, HIV-associated PPH contributed significantly to mortality. Antiretroviral treatment may exert a beneficial effect on the pressure gradient. A possible role of an autoimmune phenomenon in the pathogenesis could not be substantiated.