tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assessment of myocardial ischemia with proton magnetic resonance: effects of a three hour coronary occlusion with and without reperfusion.
Authors: D L Johnston, T J Brady, A V Ratner, B R Rosen, J B Newell, G M Pohost, R D Okada
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Proton (hydrogen-1) magnetic resonance imaging techniques have potential for the detection and characterization of changes associated with myocardial ischemia. Since image contrast is dependent on T1 and T2 relaxation times, we examined these parameters in a canine preparation of occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Of 16 dogs studied, seven underwent 3 hr of coronary artery occlusion and nine underwent 3 hr of occlusion followed by 1 hr of reperfusion. After the dogs were killed, the hearts of four from each group were imaged in a small bore, 1.4 tesla magnet. From all hearts myocardial segments were obtained from the normal zone and the central ischemic zone (CZ). These segments were divided into epicardial and endocardial sections and studied in a spectrometer (20 MHz). After 3 hr of occlusion, CZ endocardial T1 and T2 increased significantly (p less than .01 and p less than .05, respectively). Changes in CZ epicardial relaxation times were not as marked. Although T1 and T2 tended to be higher in the reperfused group compared with the nonreperfused group, the differences did not reach statistical significance. In keeping with the spectrometric findings, T1-dependent inversion recovery images and T2-dependent spin-echo images of the excised hearts demonstrated excellent contrast between normal and ischemic myocardium. Modest correlations were noted for both groups between blood flows during occlusion measured by the microsphere technique and T1 and T2 relaxation times. In summary, relaxation times T1 and T2 increase regionally after 3 hr of coronary artery occlusion and tend to be accentuated by reperfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Outcome of acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with all trans retinoic acid and chemotherapy in elderly patients: the European group experience
Authors: L Ades, S Chevret, S De Botton, X Thomas, H Dombret, B Beve, M Sanz, A Guerci, J S Miguel, J dela Serna, C Garo, A M Stoppa, O Reman, A Stamatoulas, M Fey, J Y Cahn, J J Sotto, J H Bourhis, A Parry, C Chomienne, L Degos, P Fenaux
Journal: Leukemia (2004)
Mortality from cardiovascular disease among interregional migrants in England and Wales
Authors: D P Strachan, D A Leon, B Dodgeon
Journal: BMJ (1995)

To investigate the extent to which geographical variations in mortality from ischaemic heart disease and stroke in Britain are influenced by factors in early life or in adulthood.Longitudinal study of migrants.1% sample of residents in England and Wales born before October 1939 and enumerated at the 1971 census (the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys' longitudinal study).18,221 deaths from ischaemic heart disease and 9899 deaths from stroke during 1971-88 were analysed by areas of residence in 1939 and 1971. These included 2928 deaths from ischaemic heart disease and 1608 deaths from stroke among individuals moving between 14 areas defined by the major conurbations and nine standard administrative regions of England and Wales.The southeast to northwest gradient in mortality from ischaemic heart disease was related significantly to both the 1939 area (chi 2 = 6.09, df = 1) and area in 1971 (chi 2 = 5.05, df = 1). Geographical variations in mortality from stroke were related significantly to the 1939 area (chi 2 = 4.09, df = 1) but the effect of area in 1971 was greater (chi 2 = 8.07, df = 1). The effect of 1971 area on mortality from stroke was largely due to a lower risk of death from stroke among individuals moving into Greater London compared with migrants to the rest of the South East region (chi 2 = 4.54, df = 1).Geographical variations in mortality from cardiovascular disease in Britain may be partly determined by genetic factors, environmental exposures, or lifestyle acquired early in life, but the risk of fatal ischaemic heart disease and stroke changes on migration between areas with differing mortality. The low risk of death from stroke associated with residence in Greater London is acquired by individuals who move there.
The pathology of the lung in byssinotics.
Authors: C Edwards, J Macartney, G Rooke, F Ward
Journal: Thorax (1975)

A report of the gross and microscopic appearances in the lungs and the weights of the cardiac ventricles in 43 subjects receiving industrial benefit for byssinosis is presented. In 27 (63%) there was no significant emphysema, in 10 (23%) there were varying amounts of centrilobular emphysema, and panacinar emphysema was found in six (14%). Other changes were of non-specific nature, but most cases showed heavy black dust pigmentation, often associated with centrilobular dilatation of distal air spaces.
14. Appropriateness of Colonoscopy: Screening for Colorectal Cancer in Asymptomatic Individuals 1
Authors: None Burnand*, None Bochud*, None Froehlich**, None Dubois***, None Vader*, None Gonvers**
Journal: Endoscopy (1999)

Colorectal cancer is an important component of the burden of disease in developed countries because it is widespread and has a high morbidity and mortality rate [1]. In Europe, the annual age-standardized incidence (world population) of colorectal cancer is between 20 and 45 per 100 000 among males and between 15 and 30 per 100 000 among females [2]. Incidence rates increase in a regular fashion with age [2] [3] [4] . “Screening, in the context of colorectal cancer, identifies individuals who are more likely to have colorectal cancer or adenomatous polyps from among those without signs or symptoms of the disease” [1]. Screening may detect cancers at an early stage. If detected at an early stage, treatment may be curative and improve prognosis. Screening may be acceptable to many patients and generally feasible in practice.
Detection of pre-C and core region mutants of hepatitis B virus in chronic hepatitis B virus carriers.
Authors: T Wakita, S Kakumu, M Shibata, K Yoshioka, Y Ito, T Shinagawa, T Ishikawa, M Takayanagi, T Morishima
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

We analyzed the pre-C and core region of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA by a polymerase chain reaction in 22 chronic carriers. In 9 hepatitis B e antigen-positive asymptomatic carriers, a single DNA band was detected at the expected size, whereas additional shorter DNA bands were observed in 7 out of 11 patients with chronic hepatitis. The smaller-sized DNAs from one chronic hepatitis patient had various lengths of deletions spanning from 105 to 183 bp in the middle of the core gene, and all deletions included common nucleotide sequences. All of the smaller-sized DNAs from the other patients proved to be variant core genes. They were deleted in similar regions by Southern analysis using oligonucleotide probes. A follow-up study revealed that four out of seven chronic hepatitis patients with a short core gene seroconverted to antibody to hepatitis B e antigen, but those with only a "wild type" did not. In another set of sequence studies, clones isolated from two chronic carriers displayed heterogeneity of the pre-C and core gene which was more often present in sera with normal alanine aminotransferase levels than with abnormal levels. These results suggest that mutant HBV alters the host immune response, and may modulate the clinical course of HBV infection. An alternative possibility is that chronic hepatitis selects for mutant forms.
TP53 mutation profile in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: evidence for a disease specific profile from a comprehensive analysis of 268 mutations
Authors: T Zenz, D Vollmer, M Trbusek, J Smardova, A Benner, T Soussi, H Helfrich, M Heuberger, P Hoth, M Fuge, T Denzel, S Häbe, J Malcikova, P Kuglik, S Truong, N Patten, L Wu, D Oscier, R Ibbotson, A Gardiner, I Tracy, K Lin, A Pettitt, S Pospisilova, J Mayer, M Hallek, H Döhner, S Stilgenbauer
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
A New Feature — This Week in the<i>Journal</i>
Authors: Marcia Angell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

In this issue, we introduce a new feature, called “This Week in the New England Journal of Medicine.” It will consist of very brief and readable summaries of our research articles for the benefit of general readers and those just dipping into the Journal. The summaries will be written by the editors and will differ from the abstracts not only in their shorter length, but also in their focus on the general significance of the research rather than the detailed results. We are aware that despite the best efforts of authors and editors, some of our research articles . . .
Salivary gland choristoma in large bowel
Authors: F. Maffini, A. Vingiani, D. Lepanto, G. Fiori, G. Viale
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

The occurrence of heterotopic tissue in the large bowel is relatively rare. The most common type of tissue in such heterotopia is gastric mucosa, but rare cases of pancreatic and salivary tissue are also reported in literature. All cases of salivary choristomas reported in literature arose in the rectum–anal canal region [1] [2] [3] [4] [5].
Pulmonary Arterial Occlusion and Surfactant Production in Humans
Authors: ALTON I. SUTNICK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

Excerpt Local congestive atelectasis is a common occurrence with pulmonary infarction (1); its pathogenesis, however, is unclear. A prime role has been assigned to ischemic anoxia and subsequent reactive hyperemia from collateral bronchial arterial flow (2-5). The demonstration that pulmonary surfactant is secreted by alveolar epithelial cells (6) has raised the possibility that the altered metabolism of these cells may also be a factor. The purpose of this report is to examine the surface activity in extracts of human lungs involved with emboli and to attempt to relate these findings to the pathologic anatomic changes in the lung. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Abstract 2537: UVB irradiation induces nuclear translocation of TC-PTP in keratinocytes
Authors: Young S. Lee, Liza Morales Smith, Thomas J. Slaga, John DiGiovanni, Dae J. Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) can cause DNA damage, induce gene mutations and modulate intracellular signal transduction contributing to the development of skin cancer. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) modulates various physiological functions, including apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and tumor angiogenesis through regulation of gene expression, and its constitutive activation is associated with human epithelial cancers. Recent studies demonstrated that T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP) dephosphorylates activated Stat3 in keratinocytes after UVB irradiation. In the current work, we report that TC-PTP translocates from the cytosol to the nucleus and dephosphorylates Stat3 following UVB irradiation in keratinocytes. Western blot analysis showed that TC-PTP mainly localized in the cytoplasm of keratinocytes and translocated from cytoplasm to nucleus upon UVB irradiation. Immunofluorescence analysis of the exogenous expression of TC-PTP confirmed its nuclear translocation, and showed that nuclear translocation of TC-PTP occurs independently of its phosphatase activity. Nuclear translocation of TC-PTP was increased with increased dose of UVB exposure. Dephosphorylation of Stat3 by TC-PTP was enhanced after UVB irradiation of cultured keratinocytes with nuclear accumulation of TC-PTP. Knockdown of TC-PTP with siRNA suppressed dephoshorylation of Stat3 and enhanced cell viability in response to UVB irradiation. UVB irradiation also induced expression of 14-3-3α, a protein that has been shown to be involved in the transport of proteins. Further studies revealed that UVB-induced nuclear translocation of TC-PTP was effectively inhibited by knockdown of 14-3-3α, suggesting 14-3-3α is involved in nuclear import of TC-PTP. These results indicate that TC-PTP plays an important role as a regulator of Stat3 signaling in keratinocytes upon UVB irradiation. Nuclear translocation of TC-PTP is regulated by a 14-3-3α-dependent signaling pathway, resulting in the rapid dephosphorylation of activated Stat3 in the nucleus. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2537. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2537
The human polysaccharide- and protein-specific immune response to Streptococcus pneumoniae is dependent on CD4+ T lymphocytes, CD14+ monocytes, and the CD40–CD40 ligand interaction
Authors: Leen Moens, Greet Wuyts, Louis Boon, Marcel T. den Hartog, Jan L. Ceuppens, Xavier Bossuyt
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Research into outcomes and effectiveness
Authors: R J Greene, C W Maklan
Journal: BMJ (1994)

sequence.While 104 consultations lasted five minutes or less, 88 lasted over 20 minutes.The number of patients seen within half an hour of their booked appointment time, without correction for other factors, was 228 (55%).The survey found hospital practices that caused delays; these have now been altered.Five of the 15 clinics started more than 10 minutes late because medical staff were completing ward rounds or attending lunchtime meetings.The computer booking system was programmed to book both old and new patients at five minute intervals.As patients and their relatives have to wait in the outpatient department the facilities provided should be reasonable; 108 patients found the seats uncomfortable, 112 did not know where the toilets were located, and 50 did not know where to obtain refreshments.Surprisingly, only four patients complained specifically about waiting times.Altogether 277 patients were over retirement age, and their apparent lack of concern about waiting may reflect an older generation's acceptance of queuing and the fact that most were not taking time off work.Also, 201 were seen by nursing staff before their medical consultation in order to check visual acuity, dilate pupils, or test visual fields.They therefore probably considered that they received attention without much delay.We agree with Ansons and colleagues that the current targets for waiting times are unrealistic for many busy eye clinics.
Associations of tibial lead levels with BsmI polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor in former organolead manufacturing workers.
Authors: B S Schwartz, W F Stewart, K T Kelsey, D Simon, S Park, J M Links, A C Todd
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

We evaluated associations of tibial lead levels with polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in 504 former organolead manufacturing workers with past exposure to lead. In this cross-sectional study, we measured tibial lead by (109)Cd K-shell X-ray fluorescence. Tibial lead was evaluated in subjects with different VDR genotypes defined using the BsmI restriction enzyme, adjusting for confounding variables. Study participants had a mean age +/- SD of 57.4 +/- 7.6 years. A total of 169 (33.5%) subjects were homozygous for the BsmI restriction site (designated bb), 251 (49.8%) were heterozygous (Bb), and 84 (16.7%) were homozygous for the absence of the restriction site (BB). Among all of the study subjects, tibial lead concentrations were low, with a mean +/- SD of 14.4 +/- 9.3 microg Pb/g bone mineral. There were only small differences in tibial lead concentrations by VDR genotype, with mean +/- SD tibial lead concentrations of 13.9 +/- 7.9, 14.3 +/- 9.5, and 15.5 +/- 11.1 in subjects with bb, Bb, and BB, respectively. In a multiple linear regression model of tibial lead concentrations, the VDR genotype modified the relation between age and tibial lead concentrations; subjects with the B allele had larger increases in tibial lead concentrations with increasing age (0.37, 0.48, and 0.67 microg/g per year of age in subjects with bb, Bb, and BB, respectively; the adjusted p-value for trend in slopes = 0.04). The VDR genotype also modified the relation between years since last exposure to lead and tibial lead concentrations. Subjects with bb evidenced an average decline in tibial lead concentrations of 0.10 microg/g per year since their last exposure to lead, whereas subjects with Bb and BB evidenced average increases of 0.03 and 0.11 microg/g per year, respectively (the adjusted p-value for trend in slopes = 0.01). Polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor modified the relations of age and years since the last exposure to lead with tibial lead concentrations. Although controversy remains on the influence of the VDR genotype on bone mineral density, the data suggest that variant VDR alleles modify lead concentrations in bone, either by influencing lead content or calcium content or both.
Jejunal and ileal adaptation to alterations in dietary calcium: changes in calcium and magnesium absorption and pathogenetic role of parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.
Authors: D A Norman, J S Fordtran, L J Brinkley, J E Zerwekh, M J Nicar, S M Strowig, C Y Pak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1981)

Previous balance studies have shown that fractional calcium absorption is increased by a low and reduced by a high calcium diet. The present studies were done to determine which segment of the small intestine is most sensitive to alterations in dietary calcium, and to see if dietary calcium intake has an effect on the intestinal absorption of another divalent cation, magnesium. Absorption was measured during constant perfusion of 30-cm segments of jejunum and ileum of normal subjects after 4 or 8 wk of a high (1,900 mg/d) or a low (20 mg/d) calcium diet. We found that calcium absorption rate was higher when subjects had been on a low than when they had been on a high calcium diet; the ileum responded more rapidly and more completely than the jejunum. Similar results were obtained with magnesium, but only the difference in the ileum was statistically significant. Sodium and xylose absorption were not influenced by dietary calcium intake. The serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were higher on the low than on the high calcium diet. We conclude that the ileum is more sensitive than the jejunum to changes in dietary calcium intake, and that ileal adaptation probably plays a major role in protecting the body against a deficiency or excess of body calcium that otherwise would occur when dietary calcium is abnormally low or high. Calcium intake influences ileal magnesium absorption in a similar fashion; it is not known whether or not this serves a protective function. Our data are compatible with the concept that adaptation to dietary calcium intake is mediated by changes in the serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.
Long-Term Effect of Probenecid on Diuretic-Induced Hyperuricemia
Authors: Edward D. Freis
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Because of the potentially adverse effects of chronic hyperuricemia induced by long-term treatment of hypertension with thiazide derivatives or chlorthalidone, an assessment was made of the protection afforded by the addition of probenecid. Treatment with the latter drug was maintained for a six-month period. This resulted in an average reduction in serum uric acid levels from 8.14 ± 1.27 mg/100 ml when diuretics alone were administered to 5.86 ± 1.17 mg/100 ml during the period when probenecid was added. It is concluded that probenecid affords long-term protection against hyperuricemia in nonazotemic patients with hypertension.
Abstract 2736: The Effect of Increased Hemoglobin Concentration on Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Symptomatic Heart Failure and Anemia: Results From STAMINA-HeFT
Authors: Jalal K Ghali, Inder Anand, William T Abraham, Gregg Fonarow, Barry Greenberg, Henry Krum, Barry M Massie, Scott M Wasserman, Marie-Louise Trotman, Yan Sun, Beat Knusel, Paul Armstrong
Journal: Circulation (2006)
The Birthday Gift
Authors: Abigail A.D. Ford
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

On Being a Doctor17 February 2009The Birthday GiftAbigail A.D. Ford, MDAbigail A.D. Ford, MDFrom Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-150-4-200902170-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail I spent the evening of my 27th birthday working overnight on the labor floor. I had been an intern for just over a month and had begun to feel the slight, constant tug of fatigue and stress on my spirit. I had emerged from medical school with an abundance of excitement and confidence about my career. This attitude was rather easy to maintain in the face of my senior-year schedule, which included more vacation and travel than I had in my life. When 1 July, the fateful day when a new class of interns joins the medical community, arrived, I ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032.Corresponding Author: Abigail A.D. Ford, MD, Columbia University Medical Center, PH 16-29, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032; e-mail, [email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 17 February 2009Volume 150, Issue 4Page: 279-280KeywordsBirthCervixChartsFatigueNursesPregnancyResidencyRunningTriageUltrasound imaging ePublished: 17 February 2009 Issue Published: 17 February 2009 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2009 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Establishing 3-nitrotyrosine as a biomarker for the vasculopathy of Fabry disease
Authors: Liming Shu, Anuradha Vivekanandan-Giri, Subramaniam Pennathur, Bouwien E. Smid, Johannes M.F.G. Aerts, Carla E.M. Hollak, James A. Shayman
Journal: Kidney International (2014)

The endothelial dysfunction of Fabry disease results from α-galactosidase A deficiency leading to the accumulation of globotriaosylceramide. Vasculopathy in the α-galactosidase A null mouse is manifested as oxidant-induced thrombosis, accelerated atherogenesis, and impaired arterial reactivity. To better understand the pathogenesis of Fabry disease in humans, we generated a human cell model by using RNA interference. Hybrid endothelial cells were transiently transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) specifically directed against α-galactosidase A. Knockdown of α-galactosidase A was confirmed using immunoblotting and globotriaosylceramide accumulation. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity was correspondingly decreased by >60%. Levels of 3-nitrotyrosine (3NT), a specific marker for reactive nitrogen species and quantified using mass spectrometry, increased by 40- to 120-fold without corresponding changes in other oxidized amino acids, consistent with eNOS-derived reactive nitrogen species as the source of the reactive oxygen species. eNOS uncoupling was confirmed by the observed increase in free plasma and protein-bound aortic 3NT levels in the α-galactosidase A knockout mice. Finally, 3NT levels, assayed in biobanked plasma samples from patients with classical Fabry disease, were over sixfold elevated compared with age- and gender-matched controls. Thus, 3NT may serve as a biomarker for the vascular involvement in Fabry disease.
Value of Comedo Extraction in Treatment of Acne Vulgaris
Authors: Edmund D. Lowney, Joseph Witkowski, Howard M. Simons, Zenona W. J. Zagula
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Comedones and closed comedones were extracted unilaterally from the foreheads of 20 patients and from the cheeks of 12 patients with acne vulgaris. Subsequent comparison of treated and untreated sides showed that this procedure was effective in most patients in preventing the development of inflamed acne lesions when applied to the forehead and when applied to other areas in patients with very superficial forms of acne. The procedure was rarely of value in cystic acne.