tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HIGH LEVELS OF DYSFUNCTIONAL HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN IN ACUTE PHASE OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH CORONARY THROMBOSIS, NO-REFLOW AND REDUCED FLOW-MEDIATED DILATION
Authors: Luiz S rgio F. Carvalho, Simone Santos, Rodrigo Modolo, Natlia Panzoldo, Eliana de Faria, Andrei Sposito
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Palindromic rheumatism. Clinical and immunological studies.
Authors: M H Williams, P J Sheldon, G Torrigiani, V Eisen, S Mattingly
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1971)

Hench and Rosenberg (1944) described 34 patients with recurring episodes of arthritis and periarthritis usually lasting less than a week and named by them 'palindromio rheumatism'.The features they empha- sized may be summarized as follows:(1) Recurrent attacks ofjoint pain and swelling at variable and irregular intervals lasting a few hours or a few days.(2) Any joint affected but especially fingers, wrists, shoulders and knees.(3) Para-artioular attacks and transient nodules.(4) Good health: normal blood tests and x-rays.(5) Good prognosis-no effective treatment.Several case reports have appeared since then, though few series of patients have been followed up (Ward and Okihiro, 1959; Rotes Querol and Lience, 1959; Dames and Zuckner, 1961; Ansell and Bywaters, 1959).The main differential diagnosis is from crystal synovitis which may be due either to sodium urate or to calcium pyrophosphate.In these conditions, attacks are usually monarticular, occurring in favoured joints and frequently lasting for about a week.In those due to sodium urate, erosions may be
Out of Service
Authors: Richard P. Keating
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>A Letter to My Patients—and Friends</h3> I shall retire from the practice of medicine at the end of June—39 years after becoming a doctor and 33 years after beginning practice in Ridgewood. After a pause for relaxation and reflection, Barbara and I will move to our home in Truro on Cape Cod. Although I am looking forward to a new way of life, I regret leaving so many patients whose experiences I have, to an extent, shared over the years. Of this leavetaking I wish to say two things: First, I will be most happy to see in the office all who want to make appointments for a final visit or appraisal. Indeed, I am making an unconventionally early announcement to provide ample time for these visits. And I will be pleased to talk by phone to whoever wants to ask for advice or just to say good-bye. Of course,
Ectopic Production of Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin by Neoplasms
Authors: GLENN D. BRAUNSTEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1973)

The ectopic production of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) by nontrophoblastic neoplasms was investigated by a sensitive radioimmunoassay that specifically measures hCG in the presence of human luteinizing hormone. Of 828 patients with nontesticular neoplasms, 60 had detectable hCG. A high frequency of positive responses was found in patients with carcinomas of the stomach, liver, pancreas, and breast and with multiple myeloma and melanoma. The hCG secreted by tumors and hCG normally secreted by the human placenta were studied for similarity. Immunologic similarity was shown by parallel inhibition curves in the radioimmunoassay. Both native hCG and the hCG in plasma samples from patients with neoplasms had similar Sephadex G-100 elution patterns. In addition to similar immunologic and physical behavior, the hCG in plasma samples was biologically active. The frequency and types of tumors associated with hCG production are greater than has been previously appreciated.
Cultural adaptation and evolved, general-purpose cognitive mechanisms are sufficient to explain belief in souls
Authors: Kenneth R. Livingston
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

It is suggested that general-purpose cognitive modules are the proper endophenotypes on which evolution has operated, not special purpose belief modules. These general-purpose modules operate to extract adaptive cultural patterns. Belief in souls may be adaptive and based in evolved systems without requiring that a specific cognitive system has evolved to support just such beliefs.
Nasal provocation with allergen induces a secondary serum IgE antibody response
Authors: Robert M. Naclerio, N.Franklin Adkinson, Birgitta Moylan, Fuad M. Baroody, David Proud, Anne Kagey-Sobotka, Lawrence M. Lichtenstein, Robert Hamilton
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1997)

The study of the IgE response to seasonal antigen exposure is limited by its occurrence once a year and by the variability of patient exposure to pollens. To overcome these problems, we investigated whether nasal challenge with antigen causes an increase in serum anti-ragweed IgE levels. We challenged individuals with ragweed allergy intranasally with nanogram quantities of ragweed antigen extract and measured their serum anti-ragweed IgE levels before and at weekly intervals after challenge. In a series of studies we found that there was a reproducible rise in antigen-specific serum IgE levels beginning the first week after challenge that plateaued at about 180% of baseline levels during the fourth week and remained elevated for 8 weeks. Not all individuals showed this response. The magnitude of the allergen-specific IgE response to nasal challenge appeared to be greater than the response to seasonal exposure. Treatment with intranasal beclomethasone before challenge did not affect the response. The results demonstrate a human in vivo model for the study of the antigen-specific secondary IgE response to allergen. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997;100:505-10.)
SPOROTRICHOSIS, AN OCCUPATIONAL DERMATOSIS
Authors: HARRY R. FOERSTER
Journal: JAMA (1926)

In a consideration of occupational diseases of the skin, sporotrichosis, because of its relative infrequency, has received scant attention. I believe, however, that there is no disease of parasitic origin in which a larger proportion of the total cases can be considered as having originated in occupational hazards, and in which the acquisition of the disease has been so uniformly productive of occupational disability. It is therefore pertinent to discuss this disease as an occupational dermatosis. In doing this, I wish to direct attention to the observation of sporotrichosis as an endemic disease in the gardening industry, and to emphasize the importance of the barberry shrub as a possible source of the infection. The apparent increasing prevalence of this disease should make of practical importance a consideration of its origin, mode of infection, and economic status. This is of importance especially in those states where legislation has been enacted for
Recent Advances in Treatment of Organ Tuberculosis
Authors: Karl H. Pfuetze, Marjorie M. Pyle
Journal: JAMA (1964)

Tuberculosis continues to exact a greater annual toll in lives and disability than any other communicable disease. With proper antibacterial therapy and surgical intervention, when indicated, recovery can be expected in over 90% of the cases. Since tuberculosis is often first diagnosed and treated by private physicians, this paper deals with recent advances in the management of tuberculosis in its various forms. The merits of antituberculosis agents, their limitations, and side reactions are considered. Drug regimens, indications for surgical intervention and adrenocorticosteroids as adjunctive treatment are discussed. Recognition of the importance of antibacterial prophylactic therapy has increased recently and wider acceptance of this principle is recommended.
Experimental Studies on Prevention of Fatal Pancreatitis
Authors: Karl H. Grözinger, Allen U. Hollis, Curtis P. Artz
Journal: JAMA (1964)

THE ACTIVATION of large quantities of trypsin is considered to be of major importance in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis.<sup>1</sup>In animals,<sup>2-5</sup>as well as in patients,<sup>4,6-11</sup>the course of inflammatory disorders of the pancreas has been favorably influenced by an antitryptic agent (Trasylol). It appears that this drug inhibits the formation of trypsin and other proteolytic enzymes.<sup>6</sup> Since in previous investigations use of this compound was followed by a decrease of the mortality in experimentally produced pancreatitis in animals, it could be anticipated to have a prophylactic action as well.<sup>4,12</sup>This study was designed to evaluate the prophylactic effect of its antitryptic activity in dogs which were submitted to experimental pancreatitis. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> Adult mongrel fasting dogs weighing approximately 15 kg (33 lb ) were used. In a control series, acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis was produced in 20 dogs by a modified Elliott technique.<sup>13</sup>
Monosomal karyotype improves IPSS-R stratification in MDS and AML patients treated with Azacitidine
Authors: Thomas Cluzeau, Nicolas Mounier, Jean‐Michel Karsenti, Valentine Richez, Laurence Legros, Lauris Gastaud, Georges Garnier, Daniel Re, Nathalie Montagne, Jean Gutnecht, Jean Gabriel Fuzibet, Patrick Auberger, Sophie Raynaud, Jill‐Patrice Cassuto
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2013)

IPSS-R classifies cytogenetic abnormalities into five prognostic groups for survival. Monosomal karyotype (MK) is not a subgroup of IPSS-R. Additional prognostic information from MK in poor and very poor karyotype has been recently shown. The aim of our study was to determine the prognostic value of IPSS-R and MK for response and survival in AZA-treated high-risk MDS and AML with 20-30% of blasts patients. The study population included 154 patients who were classified according to IPSS-R. IPSS-R was not predictive of response (intermediate, 64%; poor, 44%; very poor, 56%; P = 0.28) or survival (intermediate, 25 months; poor, 12 months; very poor, 11 months; P = 0.14). Twenty-one patients (15%) presented with MK and had a median OS of 9 months. Patients with a very high IPSS-R score without MK had a median OS of 15 months, while patients with a high IPSS-R score without MK had a median OS of 13 months (P = 0.18). We reclassified patients into the following three groups to include MK status: very high (MK only; OS median: 9 months), high (very high IPSS-R without MK and high IPSS-R without MK; OS median: 14 months) and intermediate (OS median: 25 months). As in recent publication including MK prognostic, we confirmed that this classification was predictive for survival in AZA treated patients (P = 0.008). IPSS-R failed to discriminate between the prognostic subgroups. Stratification with MK has value in the prognosis of our cohort of AZA-treated patients.
Religiosity/Spirituality and Mortality
Authors: Yoichi Chida, Andrew Steptoe, Lynda H. Powell
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2009)

&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt; The relationship between religiosity/spirituality and physical health has been the subject of growing interest in epidemiological research. We systematically reviewed prospective observational cohort studies of the association between this potentially protective psychological factor and mortality using meta-analytic methods. &lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt; We searched general bibliographic databases: Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science and PubMed (up to 20 March, 2008). Two reviewers independently extracted data on study characteristics, quality, and estimates of associations. Random effects meta-analyses, subgrouping, and sensitivity analysis were performed. &lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt; There were 69 studies (28 articles) and 22 studies (11 articles) investigating the association between religiosity/spirituality and mortality in initially healthy populations and diseased populations, respectively. The results of the meta-analyses showed that religiosity/spirituality was associated with reduced mortality in healthy population studies (combined hazard ratio = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.76–0.87, p &lt;0.001), but not in diseased population studies (combined hazard ratio = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.94–1.01, p = 0.19). Notably, the protective effect of religiosity/spirituality in the initially healthy population studies was independent of behavioral factors (smoking, drinking, exercising, and socioeconomic status), negative affect, and social support. We divided studies according to the aspects of religiosity/spirituality measure examined, and found that organizational activity (e.g. church attendance) was associated with greater survival in healthy population studies. Multi-dimensional aspects were related to survival in both the healthy and diseased populations. Religiosity/spirituality was negatively associated with cardiovascular mortality in healthy population studies. &lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt; The current review suggests that religiosity/spirituality has a favorable effect on survival, although the presence of publication biases indicates that results should be interpreted with caution.
Authorities want clearer guidelines about funding long term care
Authors: Brettingham Madeleine
Journal: BMJ (2005)

A sound ethical framework for research in developing countries is crucial for ensuring that participants are safe from exploitation, says a report from the Nuffield Council on Bioethics.But some of the measures introduced to try to offer such protection-such as arguing that participants should have access to the same standards of care made available in developed countries-are impractical and can undermine potential research opportunities, it says.The conclusions follow a discussion paper issued by the council in 2002 and a subsequent meeting in Cape Town, South Africa, in February 2004, attended by 58 participants from 28 countries, including India, China, Kenya, and Botswana.The discussion paper published by the council looks at the current laws governing research in developing countries, including the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki, which has since been amended five times by the World Medical Association and clarified by the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences.Research in developing countries is crucial, the paper says, for improving health care.But researchers in these countries often cannot conduct their own research, making partnership with more developed countries essential.
Gallium-67 in the evaluation of sarcoidosis: correlations with serum angiotensin-converting enzyme and bronchoalveolar lavage.
Authors: D Beaumont, J Y Herry, M Sapene, P Bourguet, J J Larzul, B de Labarthe
Journal: Thorax (1982)

Gallium-67 (67Ga) scanning was assessed for its usefulness in the evaluation and follow-up of 54 patients with sarcoidosis, both treated and untreated. Scans were repeated in 23 subjects. Serum levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) were determined concurrently in all 54 patients and bronchoalveolar lavage was performed in 29 patients. Gallium-67 scan was effective in the detection and assessment of lesions not revealed by traditional methods of investigation, particularly those affecting the mediastinum, spleen, and salivary glands. The scan also enabled fibrotic lesions, which do not show uptake, to be distinguished from granulomatous lesions, which do--an advantage of prognostic interest particularly in patients with pulmonary lesions. Another merit of 67Ga scanning was that it offered a means of following disease progression in each site. In patients showing spontaneous clearing of disease or receiving treatment the scintigraphic method was more sensitive than serum ACE determination. Scan findings showed a rough correlation with serum ACE but not with bronchoalveolar lavage findings. This suggests that the three markers probably reflect different stages of the granulomatous process. On the strength of this study the indications for gallium scanning in sarcoid patients can be defined more clearly than has previously been possible.
The Progression of Arteriosclerosis
Authors: A. S. CHILVERS, M. LEA THOMAS, N. L. BROWSE
Journal: Circulation (1974)

This paper reports the results of a study made on 25 patients who have had two or more translumbar aortograms at intervals varying from one to four years. A technique was devised for the measurement of the diameter of the vessels from the radiographs and the type of atherosclerosis was also classified. The arterial tree, from the lower abdominal aorta to the division of the popliteal artery, was divided into nine anatomical segments. A total of 324 segments were studied. The results show that atherosclerosis must not be assumed to be a progressive and exclusively stenotic disease. In 30% the aorta and common iliac arteries became wider and in another third they showed no change. Fifty percent of the ilio-femoral segments became longer and most of these also became wider, which suggests that a considerable proportion of patients will ultimately develop arteriomegaly. In the superficial femoral arteries 50% of the cases developed further narrowing. Short narrow segments did not all progress to occlusion — 40% of the short stenoses in the aorta and iliac arteries became 2 to 5% wider. Long narrow segments more often became occluded, especially in the superficial femoral artery. It is concluded that arteriosclerotic degeneration is just as often a disease of dilatation as narrowing and that the only way to obtain evidence upon which to base a long-term prognosis is to repeat arteriograms over a period of years.
Developing and implementing collaborative research in global mental health: the NIMH Hubs
Authors: Pamela Y Collins, LeShawndra N Price, Beverly A Pringle
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2014)

BackgroundThe US National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) has stimulated and participated in efforts to identify priorities in global mental health research and facilitate research activities aimed at meeting the greatest challenges.MethodsIn 2010, we convened clinicians and researchers, service users, representatives from ministries of health, and non-governmental organisations operating in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) to discuss what research is needed to reduce the mental health treatment gap.FindingsEnsuring that research meets the needs of end-users was a dominant theme. We subsequently developed an initiative, Collaborative Hubs for International Research on Mental Health in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (CHIRMH), with the goal of establishing regional hubs that would conduct public-health-relevant research through strategic collaborations and develop research capacity. Applicants needed to show collaboration with local or regional government agencies and non-governmental organisations that ensured access to service provider and service user viewpoints. The initiative required teams to conduct research on task-sharing for the delivery of mental health interventions, thus addressing the dearth of mental health human resources—one contributor to the treatment gap.InterpretationNIMH currently has four funded Hubs in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America. Each Hub coordinates a collaborative team of investigators and stakeholders from at least five countries and multiple institutions in a given region. CHIRMH teams have launched studies applying mixed methods to test models of mental health service delivery in various health system environments in LMICs, established research training opportunities, and enriched the mental health research networks in LMICs.FundingNIMH.
Going beyond the liver: Progress and challenges of targeted delivery of siRNA therapeutics
Authors: Cornelia Lorenzer, Mehrdad Dirin, Anna-Maria Winkler, Volker Baumann, Johannes Winkler
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)

Therapeutic gene silencing promises significant progress in pharmacotherapy, including considerable expansion of the druggable target space and the possibility for treating orphan diseases. Technological hurdles have complicated the efficient use of therapeutic oligonucleotides, and siRNA agents suffer particularly from insufficient pharmacokinetic properties and poor cellular uptake. Intense development and evolution of delivery systems have resulted in efficient uptake predominantly in liver tissue, in which practically all nanoparticulate and liposomal delivery systems show the highest accumulation. The most efficacious strategies include liposomes and bioconjugations with N-acetylgalactosamine. Both are in early clinical evaluation stages for treatment of liver-associated diseases. Approaches for achieving knockdown in other tissues and tumors have been proven to be more complicated. Selective targeting to tumors may be enabled through careful modulation of physical properties, such as particle size, or by taking advantage of specific targeting ligands. Significant barriers stand between sufficient accumulation in other organs, including endothelial barriers, cellular membranes, and the endosome. The brain, which is shielded by the blood-brain barrier, is of particular interest to facilitate efficient oligonucleotide therapy of neurological diseases. Transcytosis of the blood-brain barrier through receptor-specific docking is investigated to increase accumulation in the central nervous system. In this review, the current clinical status of siRNA therapeutics is summarized, as well as innovative and promising preclinical concepts employing tissue- and tumor-targeted ligands. The requirements and the respective advantages and drawbacks of bioconjugates and ligand-decorated lipid or polymeric particles are discussed.
UK government is defeated on community treatment orders
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

The government was defeated in the House of Lords this week over a key plank of its mental health bill for England and Wales, compulsory treatment in the community.

A further defeat this week, to ensure that children are not admitted to adult psychiatric wards, brings the total of defeats that the peers have inflicted on the government over the controversial bill to six.

The latest successful amendments came only a week after peers inflicted three defeats on the government, imposing new safeguards on powers to detain mental health patients ( BMJ 2007;334:384, …
Concreted Cornhusker Sent Back to Loam, Sweet Loam. Aw Shucks!
Authors: Frank C. Young
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> When I picked up the Sept 11 issue of<i>JAMA</i>I looked with fond memories at the cover that shows a man shelling corn and a little boy playing with corn cobs. This reminds me so much of my childhood days when my father was engaged in a similar activity, and I think I, too, probably built log cabins out of corn cobs. First a few words about nomenclature.<sup>1</sup>Unshelled corn is known as an<i>ear</i>, not a<i>husk</i>; thus, the basket in the picture is full of ears, not husks. Second, the basket represents work yet to be done not "what the old man has done, and still has to do." All of the shelled cobs in the picture are on the floor. Third, the shelled cob is spoken of as a<i>cob</i>not a<i>husk</i>, and this is what the little boy is using