tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reversal of Liver Scan Image After Right-Sided Renal Radiotherapy
Authors: Larry D. Samuels
Journal: JAMA (1971)

Fourteen children who received postoperative radiation therapy for Wilms' tumor were given serial liver scans. There was progressive alteration of the shape of the liver following radiation therapy to the right renal fossa, producing a reversal of the usual liver image. After left renal fossa irradiation there was little alteration in liver configuration. In light of this evidence, greater attention must be paid to shielding the liver from undesired irradiation.
Interactions between methylsulfonyl PCBs and the glucocorticoid receptor.
Authors: M Johansson, S Nilsson, B O Lund
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1998)

Persistent polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) metabolites were studied with respect to their interaction with the human glucocorticoid receptor (GR). 3-Methylsulphonyl-2,5,6,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (3-MeSO2-CB149) was shown to compete with 3H-dexamethasone for binding to the GR, with an IC50 (concentration that inhibits 50%) of approximately 1 microM. Using GRAF cells expressing human GR, glucocorticoid responsive element, and a reporter enzyme, we demonstrated that 3-MeSO2-CB149 functionally acts as an antagonist at the GR (IC50 = 2.7 microM). In accordance with the receptor binding, the antagonism mainly appeared to be of a competitive nature. When studying the competitive binding of 24 methylsulfonyl PCBs (relative to dexamethasone) to GR from mouse liver cytosol, seven compounds had a higher affinity to GR than 3-MeSO2-CB149. Structure-activity relationship studies indicated that the presence of three chlorine atoms in the ortho-position and chlorine and methyl sulfone groups on either end of the molecule (4 and 4'-position) increased the affinity to GR. The relevance of this finding for human health is not known, but PCB methyl sulfones are ubiquitous pollutants present in mother's milk. The results stress the need for studying endocrine disruptors that affect hormonal systems other than sex and thyroidogenic hormones.
Anatomy of the Cardiac Conduction System in the Rabbit
Authors: THOMAS N. JAMES
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

Anatomy of the cardiac conduction system was studied in 15 rabbits with serial histologic sectioning of 4. The rabbit's sinus node is a simple and distinct structure located at the junction of the crista terminalis with the sinus intercavarum nearly midway between the two cavae; it contains an unusually large percentage of P cells but is not organized about a large central artery. The AV node and His bundle are relatively small and are displaced anteriorly by the large coronary sinus normally present in the rabbit because of its persisting left superior vena cava. The AV node is organized with input system and bypass tracts similar to those of man and the dog. Doth the AV node and His bundle contain many conspicuously large nerve trunks. The blood supply of the sinus node is from terminal small branches of both the right and left coronary arteries and that to the AV node and His bundle is from similar terminal branches of the septal artery only. The possible functional significance of some of these anatomic features is discussed.
Shared amino acid motifs in T-cell receptor beta junctional regions of bronchoalveolar T cells in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis.
Authors: Y Usui, H Kohsaka, Y Eishi, I Saito, F Marumo, N Miyasaka
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

To clarify the nature of the accumulated lung T cells of pulmonary sarcoidosis, we studied bronchoalveolar and peripheral blood (PB) lymphocytes from Japanese patients for expressed T-cell receptor beta-chain variable (TCR V beta) gene usage. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique revealed that the V beta repertoires of bronchoalveolar and PB T cells were heterogeneous. However, the bronchoalveolar lymphocytes from five out of 10 patients showed overrepresentation of T cells, with a few TCR V beta families, which varied among individuals, possibly reflecting a difference in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) backgrounds. Nucleotide sequence analysis of third complementarity determining region (CDR3) segments in overrepresented V beta families demonstrated limited diversity of the transcripts. Two HLA-DR 12(5)+ individuals with overrepresented V beta 6 gene transcripts in the lungs shared a common amino acid motif within their CDR3. By contrast, non-overrepresented TCR V beta transcripts did not show clonal expansion, and the oligoclonal clones in the lung were not found in PB of the corresponding patient. These results showed that, at least in subsets of Japanese patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis, a limited number of T-cell clones are accumulated in the lung in response to a specific antigen. They may mediate an immune response to shape pathology of the disease.
Premature Birth and Later Insulin Resistance
Authors: Paul L. Hofman, Fiona Regan, Wendy E. Jackson, Craig Jefferies, David B. Knight, Elizabeth M. Robinson, Wayne S. Cutfield
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Term infants who are small for gestational age appear prone to the development of insulin resistance during childhood. We hypothesized that insulin resistance, a marker of type 2 diabetes mellitus, would be prevalent among children who had been born prematurely, irrespective of whether they were appropriate for gestational age or small for gestational age.Seventy-two healthy prepubertal children 4 to 10 years of age were studied: 50 who had been born prematurely (32 weeks' gestation or less), including 38 with a birth weight that was appropriate for gestational age (above the 10th percentile) and 12 with a birth weight that was low (i.e., who were small) for gestational age, and 22 control subjects (at least 37 weeks' gestation, with a birth weight above the 10th percentile). Insulin sensitivity was measured with the use of paired insulin and glucose data obtained by frequent measurements during intravenous glucose-tolerance tests.Children who had been born prematurely, whether their weight was appropriate or low for gestational age, had an isolated reduction in insulin sensitivity as compared with controls (appropriate-for-gestational-age group, 14.2x10(-4) per minute per milliunit per liter [95 percent confidence interval, 11.5 to 16.2]; small-for-gestational-age group, 12.9x10(-4) per minute per milliunit per liter [95 percent confidence interval, 9.7 to 17.4]; and control group, 21.6x10(-4) per minute per milliunit per liter [95 percent confidence interval, 17.1 to 27.4]; P=0.002). There were no significant differences in insulin sensitivity between the two premature groups (P=0.80). As compared with controls, both groups of premature children had a compensatory increase in acute insulin release (appropriate-for-gestational-age group, 2002 pmol per liter [95 percent confidence interval, 1434 to 2432] [corrected]; small-for-gestational-age group, 2253 pmol per liter [95 percent confidence interval, 1622 to 3128]; and control group, 1148 pmol per liter [95 percent confidence interval, 875 to 1500]; P<0.001).Like children who were born at term but who were small for gestational age, children who were born prematurely have an isolated reduction in insulin sensitivity, which may be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Eph Receptors and Ligands Comprise Two Major Specificity Subclasses and Are Reciprocally Compartmentalized during Embryogenesis
Authors: Nicholas W Gale, Sacha J Holland, David M Valenzuela, Ann Flenniken, Li Pan, Terrence E Ryan, Mark Henkemeyer, Klaus Strebhardt, Hisamaru Hirai, David G Wilkinson, Tony Pawson, Samuel Davis, George D Yancopoulos
Journal: Neuron (1996)
Counterregulatory effects of interferon-gamma and endotoxin on expression of the human C4 genes.
Authors: J Kulics, H R Colten, D H Perlmutter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Susceptibility to autoimmune disease is associated with null alleles at one of the two genetic loci encoding complement protein C4. These two genetic loci, C4A and C4B, are highly homologous in primary structure but encode proteins with different functional activities. Expression of C4A and C4B genes is regulated by IFN-gamma in human hepatoma cells and in murine fibroblasts transformed with the respective genes. In these cell lines, IFN-gamma has a significantly greater and longer-lasting effect on expression of C4A than that of C4B. In this study we examined synthesis and regulation of C4A and C4B in peripheral blood monocytes from normal, C4A-null, and C4B-null individuals. Synthesis of C4 in human peripheral blood monocytes decreases during time in culture. IFN-gamma mediates a concentration- and time-dependent increase in steady-state levels of C4 mRNA and a corresponding increase in synthesis of C4 in normal human monocytes. LPS decreases monocyte C4 expression and completely abrogates the effect of IFN-gamma on the expression of this gene. In contrast, LPS and IFN-gamma have a synergistic effect in upregulating expression of another class III MHC gene product, complement protein factor B. The effect of LPS on constitutive and IFN-gamma-regulated C4 synthesis is probably not mediated via release of endogenous monokines IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, or IL-6. Synthesis of C4, and regulation of its synthesis by IFN-gamma and LPS, are similar in normal, C4A-, and C4B-null individuals. These results demonstrate the synthesis of C4 at extrahepatic sites and tissue-specific regulation of C4 gene expression.
Reversible impairment of neonatal hepatobiliary function by maternal cholestasis
Authors: M J Monte, A I Morales, M Arevalo, I Alvaro, R I Macias, J J Marin
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The effect of total blockage of maternal biliary excretion during the last third of the pregnancy on the maturation of hepatobiliary function was investigated in neonatal rats. Extrahepatic obstruction of the common bile duct on day 14 of pregnancy induced a marked enhancement in serum bilirubin-mainly conjugated bilirubin-and bile acid concentrations as compared with sham-operated pregnant rats. Excretion of bile acids by the kidney was significantly increased, whereas fecal elimination of these compounds was almost abolished. Most of the cholestatic mothers (CMs) (77%) were able to carry pregnancy to term and lactation until weaning (21 days after birth). The body and liver weights of their offspring were lower than for offspring of control healthy mothers in all postnatal periods considered. Serum bile acid concentrations were higher in the fetuses and neonates of CMs. This difference was evident up to 1 week after weaning and disappeared in young adult animals (8 weeks old). When the bile secretion rate was investigated in these animals at 4 or 8 weeks of age, no significant difference was found as far as nonstimulated bile flow and bile acid output was concerned. However, the biliary response to stepwise sodium taurocholate (TC) intravenous infusion showed that 4-week-old neonates of CMs had impaired bile acid secretion. Moreover, the maximal secretion rate (SR max ) for TC was significantly reduced (-30%), whereas the choleretic ability of taurocholate was not modified. This alteration was not selective for bile acids. The SR max for bromosulfophthalein (BSP) was also significantly lowered (-40%). These dysfunctions were overcome during subsequent development. No impaired biliary response to either TC or BSP infusion was observed at 8 weeks of age. Morphological abnormalities in the canaliculi were found in animals with impaired biliary function. In summary, these results indicate that maternal cholestasis may profoundly but transiently impair the normal liver maturation. The importance of the implications derived from these findings both in the nutrition and management of human neonates demands further evaluation of the hepatobiliary function of babies born after alterations of fetal-maternal bile acid homeostasis, such as in maternal obstetric cholestasis.
A Way of Life That Does Not Exist: Canada and the Extinguishment of the Innu
Authors: C. Fletcher
Journal: BMJ (2003)

How is it that in Canada, a nation that imagines itself as the caring yet efficient mid-point of the European socialist state and the individualistic capitalism of the United States, the Innu people of Labrador can be afflicted by such dismal individual and collective health, self destruction, and social dissolution? Is this part of a dark side of the Canadian experience? Or is it somehow a function of the incompatibility of an indigenous hunter-gatherer culture with the contemporary …
Delayed Diagnosis of HCC with Chronic Alcoholic Liver Disease
Authors: Kerstin Schütte, Jan Bornschein, Stefan Kahl, Ricarda Seidensticker, Jörg Arend, Jens Ricke, Peter Malfertheiner
Journal: Liver Cancer (2012)

Adherence to surveillance recommendations for patients at risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is influenced by several factors, including the etiology of chronic liver disease.The aim of this study was to analyze whether tumor stage at diagnosis and prognosis differ in patients with alcohol-related HCC compared to those with chronic viral hepatitis-related HCC.Medical records of 650 patients diagnosed with HCC between 1994 and 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. Groups were formed from patients having either alcohol abuse or viral hepatitis (chronic hepatitis B or C virus infection) as the only known HCC risk factors. Demographic data (age and gender), tumor stage at diagnosis, survival, liver function [Child-Pugh-Turcotte (CPT) score] in patients with liver cirrhosis, complications of liver cirrhosis, and serologic parameters were compared between the two groups.A total of 393 HCC cases (male 84%, median age 65 years) were identified, with alcohol abuse as the causative factor in 76.8% and chronic viral hepatitis in 23.2%. In patients with alcohol abuse, 278 (92.1%) were diagnosed with liver cirrhosis (CPT A 49.3%, CPT B 31.1%, CPT C 9.6%), while in patients with viral hepatitis, 84 (92.3%) suffered from liver cirrhosis (CPT A 59.3%, CPT B 23.1%, CPT C 8.8%). Tumor stage in patients with alcohol abuse was Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) C in 43.7%, BCLC B in 30.5%, and BCLC A in 14.6%. Patients with viral hepatitis showed a trend toward diagnosis at an earlier tumor stage (BCLC B 35.2%, BCLC C 34.1%, BCLC A 22.2%). Etiology of liver cirrhosis did not significantly influence survival in intermediate and advanced tumor stages, but BCLC-A patients with alcohol-related disease demonstrated prolonged survival compared to patients with viral hepatitis.Tumor stage at diagnosis of HCC is influenced by the etiology of underlying chronic liver disease and is more progressed in patients having a disease with alcoholic etiology. Majority of HCC patients are not diagnosed at a curable stage, which underlines the need for specialized care for all patients with chronic liver disease, independent of etiology and consequent adherence to current surveillance guidelines.
What should we clinicians do for healthy, asymptomatic, hbsag-positive carriers?
Authors: Brian J. McMahon
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

Objective: To assess the long-term outcome in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers who have normal liver function tests, focusing on survival and the development of severe liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Design: Cohort study with a mean follow-up of 130 months. Setting: Liver clinic of a referral center. Patients: Ninety-two HBsAg-positive blood donors with normal liver function tests. Measurements: Histologic evaluation of liver specimens at baseline; clinical, biochemical, and serologic follow-up; and repeat liver biopsy if clinically indicated or after 10 years of follow-up. Results: At baseline, 69 subjects had normal histologic findings or only minor abnormalities, 18 had chronic persistent hepatitis, and 5 had mild chronic active hepatitis. Serum enzyme levels remained normal in 58 of 68 patients who had regular follow-up. Three patients had biochemical changes consistent with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection; in one of these patients, a later histologic evaluation showed progression to chronic active hepatitis. One patient developed alcoholic cirrhosis. Six other patients had mild or transient transaminase elevations, with no evidence of HBV replication, hepatitis D virus infection, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, or histologic deterioration. Liver histologic findings also remained unchanged in 21 patients who showed no biochemical changes during 10 years of follow-up and consented to have repeated liver biopsy. Ten patients showed loss of HBsAg; 2 of these patients acquired antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs). All patients who did not have regular follow-up, except 1, were interviewed by telephone during 1990; All denied having liver disease. No patients developed hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusions: Italian HBsAg carriers with initially normal liver function tests have an excellent prognosis: Delta superinfection is infrequent and the risk for developing hepatocellular carcinoma is low.
Detection of a novel truncating Merkel cell polyomavirus large T antigen deletion in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells
Authors: N. Deepa Pantulu, Christian P. Pallasch, Anna Kordelia Kurz, Ahmad Kassem, Lukas Frenzel, Sebastian Sodenkamp, Hans Michael Kvasnicka, Clemens M. Wendtner, Axel zur Hausen
Journal: Blood (2010)
Government policy has failed
Authors: M. Mckee, J. A Roberts, T. Lang
Journal: BMJ (1996)

complacent.As doctors or scientists we are asked to give opinions about a range of issues, not all of which lie within our area of expertise.We will probably also be asked about issues that are at the boundaries of medical and scientific knowledge and about which considerable uncertainty exists.It is incumbent on us to be aware of all the arguments and to be able to communicate the levels of uncertainty associated with them in an understandable fashion.We need to work with the media so that we remain in control of the debates, and, above all, we must preserve our professional credibility at a time when those around us are losing theirs.
Allergy and infectious diseases in athletes
Authors: G. Lapucci, G. Rasi, S. Bonini, L. Aloe, B. Ambrosini, G. Berlutti, M. Bonini, G. Caldarone, G. Caselli, G. Colombo, A. Concu, G.S. Del Giacco, S.R. Del Giacco, A. Ghiani, R. Gaziani, M. Lai, A. Lambiase, E. Manca, P.E. Manconi, P.M. Matricardi, T. Pamich, C. Rumi, A. Todaro, A. Torre
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
TIMI II and the Role of Angioplasty in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Alan D. Guerci, Richard S. Ross
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

The results of phase II of the National Institutes of Health–sponsored Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction trial (TIMI II), which appear in this issue of the Journal,1 constitute a giant step forward in our understanding of the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. TIMI II has important implications for patient care and the organization and cost of health care services.In this study, 3262 patients with acute myocardial infarction of less than four hours' duration were treated first with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, heparin, and aspirin. They were then randomly assigned to treatment according to either an invasive strategy or . . .
Pancreatitis and Sulindac
Authors: ABDUL N. MEMON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 July 1982Pancreatitis and SulindacABDUL N. MEMON, M.D.ABDUL N. MEMON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-97-1-139_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Only recently a few cases of pancreatitis induced by sulindac (Clinoril; Merck Sharp & Dohme, West Point, Pennsylvania) have been reported (1, 2). I write to report an additional case.In October 1979, a 70-year-old woman was hospitalized for the treatment of nausea, vomiting, fever (38.3 °C), and abdominal pain. The patient consumed alcohol only socially. She had begun to take sulindac, 200 mg twice a day for the treatment of erosive osteoarthritis a month before this admission. Her cardiologist had been treating her with tablet Ser-Ap-Es (CIBA Pharmaceutical Company, Summit, New Jersey) once a day for...References1. GOLDSTEINLASKINGINSBERG JDG. Sulindac associated with pancreatitis [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:151. LinkGoogle Scholar2. LILLY E. Pancreatitis after administration of sulindac [Letter]. JAMA. 1981;246:2680. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ABDUL N. MEMON, M.D.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byDrugs associated with drug-induced pancreatitis: focus on rarely discussed drugsDrug induced pancreatitis: A systematic review of case reports to determine potential drug associationsDrug-Induced Acute Pancreatitis in AdultsDrug-Induced PancreatitisDrug-Induced Acute Pancreatitis: An Evidence-Based ReviewNewer cyclo-oxygenase-2 selective inhibitors, other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of acute pancreatitisDrug-Induced PancreatitisDrug-Associated Acute Pancreatitis: Twenty-One Years of Spontaneous Reporting in The NetherlandsReview article: Drug-induced pancreatitisDrug-Induced PancreatitisDrug-Induced Acute Pancreatitis4 Drug-induced pancreatitisIncidence of serious side-effects from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the USARare adverse reactions to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugsAdverse reactions to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs diclofenac compared with other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugsSulindac Hepatotoxicity: A Case Report and ReviewAseptic necrosis of the talus and calcaneal insufficiency fractures in a patient with pancreatitis, subcutaneous fat necrosis, and arthritis 1 July 1982Volume 97, Issue 1Page: 139-139KeywordsAbdominal painAlcoholsFeversNauseaOsteoarthritisPancreatitisVomiting ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 July 1982 PDF downloadLoading ...
STDs, IVF, and Barrier Contraception-Reply
Authors: Daniel W. Cramer
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Although not all IVFs are performed because of sterility resulting from sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), we agree that greater emphasis on preventive medicine is in order. In fact, those women seeking IVF who were rendered sterile represent a small fraction of the estimated $2.6 billion cost of pelvic inflammatory disease in 1984,<sup>1</sup>to say nothing of the cost in human suffering. Prevention of STDs is particularly important because a small increase in the use of measures that protect against STDs prevents disproportionately large numbers of cases. Based on estimates of the protection of barrier methods against gonorrhea, for example, even if only 4% or more of the population at risk uses measures that are 50% effective in preventing infection, a steady decrease in the number of new cases will result (Figure).<sup>2</sup>If a higher percentage of the population uses such measures, the incidence of gonorrhea will
Ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of cholestasis of pregnancy: a randomized double-blind study controlled with placebo
Authors: Joaquín Palma, Humberto Reyes, José Ribalta, Ismael Hernández, Lorena Sandoval, Ramón Almuna, Juris Liepins, Fernando Lira, Manuel Sedano, Octavio Silva, Dolores Tohá, Juan Jorge Silva
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)