tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Platelets protect against myocardial dysfunction and injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion in isolated rat hearts.
Authors: B C Yang, R Virmani, W W Nichols, J L Mehta
Journal: Circulation Research (1993)

Platelets are a source of vasoactive mediators that regulate vascular tone. Platelets also play a role in intravascular thrombus formation and dynamic coronary constriction that result in myocardial ischemia. However, effects of platelets on myocardial function after ischemia and reperfusion are unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of platelets on myocardial dysfunction caused by ischemia/reperfusion. Buffer-perfused isolated rat hearts, after global ischemia (15 minutes) and reperfusion (10 minutes), developed marked myocardial dysfunction, indicated by a 65 +/- 4% decrease in the force of cardiac contraction (FCC) and a 26 +/- 7% increase in coronary perfusion pressure (CPP). Ischemia/reperfusion was also associated with release of creatine kinase (CK) and ATP metabolites in the coronary effluents. Perfusion of hearts with buffer containing washed rat platelets (3-8 x 10(7) cells/ml) protected hearts against dysfunction from ischemia/reperfusion, indicated by minimal changes in CPP (-1 +/- 1%) and FCC (-1 +/- 3%). Release of CK in the coronary effluent was also reduced, as was the release of ATP metabolites in the platelet-perfused hearts. Perfusion of hearts with serotonin receptor antagonist LY53,857 (10(-6) M), thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist SQ29,548 (10(-6) M), adenine nucleotide scavenger apyrase (0.4 units/ml), or nitric oxide synthetase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (2 x 10(-4) M) attenuated (p < 0.05) the platelet-mediated cardioprotective effects. Perfusion of the hearts with L-arginine (2 x 10(-4) M) instead of platelets also showed modest protective effects on FCC (-4.3 +/- 13%), CPP (+18 +/- 7%), and CK release. Prolongation of the ischemic period to 30 minutes and reperfusion to 20 minutes also demonstrated marked cardiac dysfunction (FCC, -58 +/- 10%; CPP, +36 +/- 8%) in buffer-perfused hearts. Perfusion of hearts with platelets in this setting of prolonged ischemia/reperfusion also exhibited protective effects on FCC (-24 +/- 10%), CPP (+12 +/- 6%), and CK release. Thus, platelets protect myocardium from ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury, and these protective effects of platelets are evident regardless of the duration of ischemia/reperfusion. Furthermore, these cardioprotective effects of platelets seem to be related to the release of serotonin, thromboxane A2, and adenine nucleotides. These substances most likely elicit release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor, with its attendant tissue-protective effects, from the microvascular endothelium of hearts.
Paying at the Pump
Authors: Katherine Chang Chretien
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

On Being a Doctor15 April 2008Paying at the PumpKatherine Chang Chretien, MDKatherine Chang Chretien, MDFrom Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center and George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20422.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-148-8-200804150-00008 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Long before my daughter, Jolie, was born, I acquired a top-of-the-line breast pump. Being the perfectionist, I had always intended to nurse my daughter, joining the ranks of mothers who pump at work. Having peeped at its contents when it first arrived, I was overwhelmed and intimidated by the long plastic tubing, pumping interface with separate connections for single or double pumping, sealing discs, bottles, as well as strangely alien funnels and connectors made of hard, nonyielding clear plastic. I quickly stored it away, relegating it to “after baby” status.Jolie was 6 weeks old and was getting the hang ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center and George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20422.Corresponding Author: Katherine Chang Chretien, MD, Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving Street, NW, Medical Service (111), Washington, DC 20422; e-mail, katherine.[email protected]va.gov. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byExperiences of breast feeding at work for physicians, residents and medical students: a scoping review 15 April 2008Volume 148, Issue 8Page: 622-623KeywordsAnxietyGamesMedical servicesMilkNursesNutritionPatient advocacyRunningSleepTouch ePublished: 15 April 2008 Issue Published: 15 April 2008 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2008 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Glomerulopathy associated with predominant fibronectin deposits: A newly recognized hereditary disease
Authors: Erik H. Strøm, Giovanni Banfi, Reto Krapf, Arthur B. Abt, Gianna Mazzucco, Guido Monga, Friedrich Gloor, Jörg Neuweiler, Regine Riess, Peter Stosiek, Lee A. Hebert, Daniel D. Sedmak, Fred Gudat, Michael J. Mihatsch
Journal: Kidney International (1995)
Cases of Placental Presentation
Authors: J. M. Bryan
Journal: BMJ (1846)

277OI small.On the other lhand the predominance of the North wind in the first five months suffliciently explains the considerable number of admissions, which, with the exception of the month of February, were furnished -by these months.Such are the facts.We have simply stated them, not wishing, on data so general, to enter upon inductions cr explanations which future reviews bearing upon facts more definite and more significant may permit us to present, perhaps, with' more effect.The only con- clusion tha' we -are at present able to draw is the following:-..
Down-regulation of the LXR transcriptome provides the requisite cholesterol levels to proliferating hepatocytes
Authors: Giuseppe Lo Sasso, Nicola Celli, Mariaelena Caboni, Stefania Murzilli, Lorena Salvatore, Annalisa Morgano, Michele Vacca, Tommaso Pagliani, Paolo Parini, Antonio Moschetta
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Cholesterol homeostasis is critical for cellular proliferation. Liver X receptor (LXR) α and β are the nuclear receptors responsible for regulation of cholesterol metabolism. In physiological conditions, high intracellular cholesterol levels cause increased synthesis of oxysterols, which activate LXR, thus triggering a transcriptional response for cholesterol secretion and catabolism. Here we employed a mouse model of partial hepatectomy (PH) to dissect the molecular pathways connecting cholesterol homeostasis, cellular proliferation, and LXR. First, we show that hepatic cholesterol content increases after PH, whereas the entire LXR transcriptome is down-regulated. Although LXR messenger RNA (mRNA) levels are unmodified, LXR target genes are significantly down-regulated on day 1 after PH and restored to control levels on day 7, when the liver reaches normal size. The inactivation of LXR following PH is related to the reduced oxysterol availability by way of decreased synthesis, and increased sulfation and secretion. On the contrary, cholesterol synthesis is up-regulated, and extracellular matrix remodeling is enhanced. Second, we show that reactivation of LXR by way of a synthetic ligand determines a negative modulation of hepatocyte proliferation. This effect is sustained by the reactivation of hepatic cholesterol catabolic and secretory pathways, coupled with a significant reduction of cholesterol biosynthesis. Our data unveil a previously unrecognized and apparently paradoxical scenario of LXR modulation. During liver regeneration LXR activity is abated in spite of increasing intracellular cholesterol levels. Turning off LXR-transcriptional pathways is crucial to guaranteeing the requisite intracellular cholesterol levels of regenerating hepatocytes. In line with this hypothesis, pharmacological LXR reactivation during PH significantly reduces liver regeneration capacity. (HEPATOLOGY 2010.)
PWE-290 Active alcohol consumption induces functional immune paresis but paradoxically promotes endotoxin tolerance in those with advanced alcohol-related cirrhosis
Authors: T Tranah, G K Manakkat Vijay, J Ryan, R D Abeles, N J Taylor, N Vergis, L Markwick, J A Wendon, J O'Grady, A Riva, S Chokshi, Y Ma, D L Shawcross
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis (ARC) are particularly prone to infection which is frequently a precipitant of organ failure and death. Neutrophil dysfunction has been reported in patients with ARC. Sepsis and associated endotoxemia occur in approximately 40% of hospitalised patients. Neutrophil TLRs are able to sense pathogens and induce inflammatory responses but whether active alcohol drinking is protective or detrimental in this context remains unknown. The aim of this study was to characterise the neutrophil phenotype, TLR2/4/9 expression and plasma cytokine profile in patients with ARC who were abstinent (n=13) compared to those who were drinking (n=16), split by MELD score15 compared to healthy controls (n=12). <h3>Methods</h3> Neutrophils isolated from patients with ARC were studied ex vivo at baseline, and following 2-h stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the bacterial degradation protein fMLP. Neutrophil phenotype and TLR expression were determined using anti-CD16 (PE); -CD11b (APC-Cy7); -TLR2 (Alexa Fluor 488); -TLR4 (biotin conjugated PE-Cy7 Streptavidin) and -TLR9 (APC) by flow cytometry. Intracellular cytokine production pre- and post-stimulation will be measured by CBA. <h3>Results</h3> The severity of cirrhosis (MELD15) or abstinent/active drinking status did not significantly impact on resting CD16, CD11b, TLR2 and 9 expression. TLR 2/9 expression on exposure to LPS and fMLP showed downregulation in those who were active alcohol-drinkers compared to the baseline. Conversely TLR4 expression was upregulated in the abstinent group with MELD&gt;15; an effect significantly abrogated by the effect of active drinking (p=0.004). Active alcohol consumption did not however change TLR4 expression in those with MELD. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Active alcohol consumption was shown to downregulate functional TLR2/9 expression resulting in immunoparesis with potential susceptibility to Gram-positive infection. However, active alcohol consumption was shown to abrogate the increased TLR4 responses to endotoxin stimulation seen in the abstinent ARC cohort with MELD &gt;15. This implies that alcohol paradoxically promotes endotoxin tolerance and may act as a potential protective mechanism against Gram-negative insults in those with advanced cirrhosis. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Steroid Treatment of Aspiration
Authors: Scott R. Inkley
Journal: JAMA (1972)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The interesting article by Steele et al (219:1434,1972) on the use of steroids and antibiotics in the treatment of hydrocarbon aspiration confirms the findings reported in the<i>American Review of Respiratory Disease</i>(98:88, 1968), using rats treated with methylprednisolone intramuscularly, intratracheally, and intravenously before and after administration of intratracheal kerosene. It also illustrates the increasing problem of information retrieval that we all face in medicine inasmuch as they state that "to our knowledge, no previous experimental study to evaluate the efficacy of corticosteroids and antibiotics" had been done. The conclusions were identical to those reported by us.
P13.21 * ORGANS AT RISK IN THE BRAIN AND THEIR DOSE-CONSTRAINTS IN THE ADULTS AND IN THE CHILDREN: A RADIATION ONCOLOGIST'S GUIDE FOR DELINEATION
Authors: S. Scoccianti, B. Detti, D. Greto, D. Gadda, I. F. Furfaro, L. Di Brina, F. Meacci, S. Cassani, I. Giacomelli, L. Livi
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

The aim of this study is to provide a stepwise contouring guide to delineate the organs at risk in the brain as it would be done in the everyday practice of planning radiotherapy for brain cancer treatment. Acute and late toxicity with risk of visual and hearing deficits, hormonal impairment and neurocognitive alterations, is a critical point in radiation treatment of patients affected by brain tumors. Moreover, accurate delineation of organ at risks is essential for the inverse-planning process of intensity modulated radiation treatment (IMRT). However, anatomic cerebral normal structures are not always easily recognizable either on simulation CT scan and on coregistered MRI scan used for radiotherapy planning. We have developed a detailed anatomy atlas on Computed tomography (CT) imaging and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of brain. The following regions of interest were defined: optic chiasm, cochlea, pituitary gland, temporal lobe and hippocampus. Some main notions of anatomy of the organs at risk are provided together with some landmarks easily to be found on the imaging scans. Detailed contouring recommendations are provided in order to significantly improve the contour accuracy and concordance. This report also provides for all the above-mentioned organs at risk a systematic review for the recommended dose constraints both for adult and pediatric patients. This guide is a useful tool for improving daily practice and decreasing the differences in organs at risk delineation between radiation oncologists.
WHAT ARE THE CURATIVE EFFECTS OF PNEUMO- AND PHONO-MASSAGE ON THE MIDDLE AND INTERNAL EAR?
Authors: LOUIS J. LAUTENBACH
Journal: JAMA (1895)

This paper which I have the pleasure of presenting to you, is but an effort to explain the results achieved by my method of employing ear massage. I first presented the subject of ear massage to the Pennsylvania Medical Society in May, 1894, and in two subsequent communications to the Philadelphia Medical Society, one in May, the other in September of the same year, still further outlined the method and its results. Recalling for a moment the method and its use, you will remember that I employ it always through the external meatus by means of double or single ear tubes fitting tightly in the canal, and that I use either pneumo-phono or mixed massage. By pneumo-massage I mean the massage occasioned by the impact of a column of air thrown inwardly on the drum-head, or, where this is perforated or not present, into the middle ear, or else by
Pseudo Defect of the Spleen in an Adolescent with Fever of Unknown Origin
Authors: ALICE A. HINTON, MARTIN P. SANDLER, MAX I. SHAFF
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

The development of a pseudo defect in the spleen secondary to perforation of the bowel by a 17 cm lead pencil is described. The approach to diagnosis of a foreign body in the abdominal cavity is discussed.
Mechanisms of vasoconstriction induced by 9,11-epithio-11,12-methano-thromboxane A2 in the rabbit coronary artery.
Authors: Y Kanmura, T Itoh, H Kuriyama
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

The vasoconstrictor effects of 9,11-epithio-11,12-methano-thromboxane A2 (STA2) on smooth muscle strips of the rabbit coronary artery have been investigated in vitro. Right coronary artery (RCA) was more responsive to STA2 than either the left anterior descending or the circumflex coronary artery. On endothelium-denuded RCA strips, the sensitivity and responsiveness to STA2 were greater than observed on intact muscle strips. A thromboxane(Tx)-antagonist, (9,11), (11,12)-dideoxa-9 alpha, 11 alpha-dimethylmethano-11,12-methano-13,14-dihydro-13-aza-14-oxo-15 - cyclopenthyl-16,17,18,19,20-pethanol-15-epi-TxA2 (ONO-3708), inhibited the STA2-induced contraction, whereas atropine or prazosin had no effect. Nifedipine partly inhibited the STA2-induced contraction, one half of which was still evoked in Ca2+-free solution. When acetylcholine was applied prior to the application of STA2 in Ca2+-free solution, the STA2-vasoconstriction disappeared. In saponin-treated chemically skinned muscle strips, STA2 itself had no effect on either the pCa-tension relation or on the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. However, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate released Ca2+ from such stores, and 12-o-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and 1,2-diolein, activators of protein kinase C, enhanced the contraction induced by 0.3 microM Ca2+. It is concluded that STA2 acts on the TxA2 receptor and produces contraction due to an increase in both voltage- and agonist(receptor)-dependent Ca2+ influx. STA2 also releases Ca2+ from ACh- and caffeine-sensitive storage sites.
X RAYS FOR RINGWORM: THE RISK OF BALDNESS
Authors: J. Neal
Journal: BMJ (1921)

The subjective and physiological effects of intravenously administered cocaine and nicotine were compared in 10 cigarette-smoking cocaine abusers. Subjects abstained from smoking at least 8 h before each session. Under double blind conditions, subjects received placebo, cocaine (10, 20, and 40 mg/70 mg), or nicotine (0.75, 1.5, 3.0 mg/70 kg) in mixed order. Physiological and subjective data were collected before and repeatedly after each intravenous drug administration. Subjects also completed a drug versus money multiple-choice procedure in which they chose between that day’s drug and 44 monetary values. Both drugs increased blood pressure and heart rate and decreased skin temperature. Nicotine showed a more rapid onset of subjective effects than cocaine. Overall, although both cocaine and nicotine increased subjective ratings of “drug effect”, “rush”, “good effects”, “liking”, “high”, and “stimulated”, only nicotine increased ratings of “bad effects” and “jittery”. Although the highest nicotine dose produced greater effects than the highest cocaine dose on most subjective measures, the highest cocaine dose produced somewhat greater ratings of drug liking. At doses that produced comparable ratings of drug effect (40 mg/70 kg cocaine versus 1.5 mg/70 kg nicotine), cocaine produced significantly greater good effects, whereas nicotine produced greater bad effects. All three cocaine doses and the intermediate and high nicotine doses were frequently categorized as producing effects similar to those of cocaine or amphetamine. The drug versus money measure showed that the highest cocaine dose was worth twice as much as the highest nicotine dose. Thus, intravenous cocaine and nicotine can be differentiated by their subjective and reinforcing effects.
Recurrent Tonsillitis Among Twins
Authors: Richard J. H. Smith
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Objective: To estimate the relative contribution of genetic and environmental effects on the variance in the liability of recurrent tonsillitis.Design: Retrospective questionnaire data from a population-based cohort.Setting: Population-based data from Norway.Participants: A total of 9479 Norwegian twins born between January 1, 1967, and December 31, 1979, identified through the Medical Birth Registry of Norway.Main Outcome Measure: Recurrent tonsillitis.Results: The lifetime prevalence of recurrent tonsillitis was 11.7% (95% confidence interval, 11.0%-12.3%), with a significant predominance of female cases. The tetrachoric correlations for monozygotic twins were 0.71 for males and 0.60 for females. For dizygotic twins, the correlations were 0.12 for males, 0.14 for females, and 0.24 for dizygotic pairs of opposite sex. Structural equation modeling indicated that genetic effects explained 62% of the variation in the liability of recurrent tonsillitis. The remaining variance was attributed to individual environmental effects. There was no evidence of sex-specific genetic effects on the liability of recurrent tonsillitis.Conclusion: There is evidence for a substantial genetic predisposition for recurrent tonsillitis.
Measuring Professionalism in Resident Physicians
Authors: Michael J. Peeters
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Liver morphology in southern african blacks with hepatocellular carcinoma: A study within the urban environment
Authors: Alan C. Paterson, Michael C. Kew, Allen A. B. Herman, Pieter J. Becker, John Hodkinson, Charles Isaacson
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

Hepatocellular carcinoma has a lower prevalence and presents at a later age in urban Blacks than in rural Blacks. These differences have previously been shown not to be attributable to differences in serum hepatitis B virus markers. In the present study, the average age of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in a developing urban Black population is shown to have risen from 38.9 to 56.5 years (p < 0.0001) over a 20-year interval, while the prevalence of co-existing cirrhosis has declined from 66 to 44% (p < 0.05) and tissue HBsAg positivity has fallen from 44 to 17.7% (p = 0.002). The lower prevalence of tissue HBsAg in the recent patients may be explained by their older age. Macronodular cirrhosis was present in 56% of cases in the earlier period but declined to 18.9% in the later period, with micronodular cirrhosis becoming the dominant nontumor pathology (p = 0.002). Liver damage attributable to the abuse of alcohol is now found in more than half of the cases (48/90) of hepatocellular carcinoma occurring in this population. The remainder show no changes (12 cases) or show macronodular or incomplete septal cirrhosis (30 cases), presumed to be of viral origin. The latter cases are more likely to have serum markers of current hepatitis B virus infection than those with evidence of alcohol abuse. We conclude that alcohol is increasing in importance as an etiologic association of hepatocellular carcinoma in urban South African Blacks. At the same time, the prevalence of macronodular cirrhosis (and of cirrhosis as a whole) in urban patients with this tumor has declined. The reason for this decline is not known.
677 The therapeutic effects of MK-571, a potent and selective leukotriene (LT) D receptor antagonist, in patients with chronic asthma
Authors: D MARGOLSKEE, S BODMAN, R DOCKHORN, E ISRAEL, J KEMP, H MANSMANN, D MINOTTI, S SPECTOR, W STRICKER, D TINKELMAN
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1991)