tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Risk for Hospital Contact With Infection in Patients With Splenectomy
Authors: Reimar W. Thomsen
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Background: Splenectomy has been associated with increased risk for infection. Objective: To assess the magnitude and duration of risk for hospital contact with infection associated with splenectomy. Design: Population-based cohort study. Setting: Denmark. Patients: All 3812 persons in Denmark who underwent splenectomy from 1996 to 2005. Splenectomized patients were matched to 3 comparison cohorts: the general population, appendectomized patients, and unsplenectomized patients with indications for splenectomy. Measurements: Relative risks were assessed for hospital contact involving any infection, pneumonia, and microbiologically confirmed bacteremia among 3812 splenectomized patients and their matched comparisons, during different follow-up periods and after regression analysis for confounder adjustment. Results: The adjusted relative risk for any hospital contact with infection was highest within 90 days of splenectomy: 10.2% vs. 0.6% among general population comparisons (adjusted odds ratio, 18.1 [95% CI, 14.8 to 22.1]) and 10.2% vs. 4.2% among appendectomized patients (adjusted odds ratio, 2.4 [CI, 2.1 to 2.8]). The hazard of infection was 4.6-fold (CI, 3.8 to 5.5) higher in splenectomized patients than in general population comparisons from 91 to 365 days after splenectomy and 2.5 times (CI, 2.2 to 2.8) higher more than 365 days after splenectomy. The risks were similar for pneumonia and were higher for bacteremia. Markedly increased risks were also found when compared with those of appendectomized patients. Modest increases in infection risk were seen with splenectomy matched-indication comparisons (adjusted 90-day odds ratio, 1.7 [CI, 1.5 to 2.1]; hazard ratios, 1.5 [CI, 1.2 to 1.8] from 91 to 365 days after splenectomy and 1.2 [CI, 1.1 to 1.4] beyond 365 days after splenectomy). Relative risks for infection were highest in patients who had splenectomy because of hematologic disorders. Limitation: Increased surveillance among splenectomized patients may have affected the findings. Conclusion: Splenectomy is associated with increased long-term risk for infections involving hospital contact. Primary Funding Source: Amgen, Clinical Epidemiological Research Foundation at Aarhus University, and Karen Elise Jensen Foundation.
Review of published studies of orally administered asbestos.
Authors: L W Condie
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

There has been great public concern about the adverse health effects resulting from the presence of asbestos fibers in municipal drinking water supplies. This article reviews and summarizes the experimental findings of 11 published papers that have evaluated the carcinogenic potential of asbestos following its ingestion. The long-term, high-level ingestion of various types of asbestos fibers in more than one animal species failed to produce any definite, reproducible, organ-specific carcinogenic effect.
Innate immunity and primary biliary cirrhosis: Activated invariant natural killer T cells exacerbate murine autoimmune cholangitis and fibrosis
Authors: Si-Jie Wu, Yao-Hsu Yang, Koichi Tsuneyama, Patrick S.C. Leung, Petr Illarionov, Eric M. Gershwin, Ya-Hui Chuang
Journal: Hepatology (2010)

Abstract Murine models of autoimmunity allow the study of the earliest events in disease pathogenesis. Our laboratory has developed a xenobiotic induced model of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) following immunization of mice with 2-octynoic acid coupled to bovine serum albumin (2-OA-BSA), an antigen selected following quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis of the E2 subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC-E2), the immunodominant autoantigen of PBC. Recent data in humans with PBC has suggested that a major component of liver pathology is due to activation of innate immunity. We took advantage of our 2-OA-BSA model and immunized mice with and without the addition of α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), an invariant natural killer T cell activator. Importantly, we report herein that 2-OA-BSA-immunized mice exposed to α-GalCer develop a profound exacerbation of their autoimmune cholangitis, including significant increases in CD8+ T-cell infiltrates, portal inflammation, granuloma formation, and bile duct damage. Furthermore, such mice produce increased levels of antimitochondrial antibodies and have evidence of fibrosis, a feature not previously reported in the murine models of PBC. Conclusion: Our data suggests a primary role of innate immunity in the exacerbation of autoimmune cholangitis and also become a logical explanation for the recurrence of PBC following liver transplantation in the absence of major histocompatability complex compatibility. We submit that PBC begins with loss of tolerance to PDC-E2 and a multilineage antimitochondrial response in which autoreactive CD8+ T cells are critical. However, the perpetuation of disease and its exacerbation will also be modulated by innate immune mechanisms. (Hepatology 2011;)
CD33 expression and P-glycoprotein–mediated drug efflux inversely correlate and predict clinical outcome in patients with acute myeloid leukemia treated with gemtuzumab ozogamicin monotherapy
Authors: Roland B. Walter, Ted A. Gooley, Vincent H. J. van der Velden, Michael R. Loken, Jacques J. M. van Dongen, David A. Flowers, Irwin D. Bernstein, Frederick R. Appelbaum
Journal: Blood (2007)
Courses, cadavers, and counsellors: reducing errors in the operating theatre
Authors: S. K Sarker
Journal: BMJ (2003)

An error is a failure of a planned action to achieve a desired goal 1 . A surgical error can have severe consequences and can cause adverse effects. It has been estimated that between 45,000-98,000 deaths per year in the U.S.A. are a result of preventable adverse medical events 2-5 ; and these figures would probably be proportionally reflected across the Atlantic if estimates were available. The operating theatre is the most common site for adverse effects to occur in a hospital 6 .
Elevation of Facilitated Glucose–Transporter Messenger Rna in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Tsung-Sheng Su, Ting-Fen Tsai, Chin-Wen Chi, Shou-Hwa Han, Chen-Kung Chou
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Complementary DNA of a rat brain glucose transporter gene was used to examine the expression of glucose–transporter messenger RNA in paired human hepatocellular carcinomas and adjacent nontumorous liver tissues, as well as in human hepatoma cell lines and human fetal liver samples. High expression of a major 2.8–kilobase glucose–transporter transcript was seen in all hepatoma cell lines and fetal liver samples examined, whereas a much lower level of expression was observed in liver tissues. When pairs of liver tissues were examined, elevation of glucose–transporter RNA levels was observed in most of the hepatocellular carcinoma tissues examined.
TCT-34 Long-term mortality of patients with ST-segment elevation versus non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in the drug-eluting stent era: 5-year results of a large real-world registry
Authors: Sungmin Lim, Ik Jun Choi, Eun Ho Choo, Byung-Hee Hwang, Hee-Yeol Kim, Kiyuk Chang, Myung Ho Jeong, Ki-Bae Seung
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Report Outlines Investment Strategies for Targeting NTDs
Authors: M. J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effective screening in child health
Authors: R. Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

In Britain today two neonatal screening programmes—for phenylketonuria and congenital hypothyroidism—are working well and preventing brain damage and severe intellectual impairment from these conditions. But for many of the other child health problems discussed last month at a meeting on systematic reviews of screening in child health organised by the National Screening Committee and the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health there are doubts either about the value of early detection or about the most effective method for doing it.

Each year in the United Kingdom about 700 children are born with severely impaired hearing, and identifying them is important because early treatment improves their language development and emotional well being. The traditional distraction test of hearing at 8 months is failing them: the mean age for detecting severe deafness is 18 months. The evidence reviewed at the meeting shows clearly that universal (rather than targeted) electronic screening of newborn infants is more reliable, cheaper, and leads to hearing aids being fitted at a mean age below 4 months.

For other conditions future policy looks less clear. The list of inborn errors of metabolism which could be detected in the newborn …
Modern Hospital Psychiatry
Authors: Elissa P. Benedek
Journal: JAMA (1988)

This volume stems from our [the authors'] desire to clarify the experience of psychiatric hospitalization. For the average patient and family—and the outside clinician as well— the inpatient experience appears mysterious and indeterminate. A psychiatric milieu is foreign in comparison with the traditional medical ward, and psychosocial interventions within the hospital staff often seem without clear rationale. It is our attempt to describe the various aspects of inpatient care, from admission to discharge, and to comment on various types of hospitals and the role of staff within these institutions. The authors have set a goal for themselves in the preface, a goal that is clearly defined and articulated, as are the contents of this book. The book is directed toward nonpsychiatrists—patients, family, or the nonpsychiatrist professional mental health worker. As such, all of the authors have contributed chapters written in a clear, lucid fashion without technical jargon. They all make
Contempo 1997: Dermatology
Authors: James Q. Del Rosso
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —As a dermatologist, I would like to comment on a few of the statements made in the Contempo article on dermatology by Drs Dover and Arndt.<sup>1</sup> The first relates to the comment regarding "pulse terbinafine, 500 mg daily for 1 week a month for 3 months" for toenail onychomycosis. The referenced article<sup>2</sup>was a small study that was not statistically conclusive regarding efficacy. In addition, 4 pulses of terbinafine were administered, not 3 pulses as stated by Dover and Arndt. To address "pulsed terbinafine" treatment, it is important to clarify that adequate dosage duration finding studies and safety evaluations have not been published. Second, Dover and Arndt state that "while fewer studies have been reported with fluconazole, 150 mg 1 day per week for up to 9 months produced cure rates of almost 90%," referring to treatment of toenail dermatophyte onychomycosis. The referenced article<sup>3</sup>included 20 patients
Bundle-Branch Block
Authors: LEON D. OSTRANDER
Journal: Circulation (1964)

As part of an inclusive health examination of the population of Tecumseh, Michigan, electrocardiograms were recorded from 8,641 persons of all ages, 87.9 per cent of those living in the study area. Eighteen persons, twelve men and six women, had complete right bundle-branch block and a like number, composed of six men and 12 women, had left. All affected persons were past 20 years of age and 67 per cent were past 60. Twenty-five of the 36 persons had no clinical evidence of valvular heart disease, angina pectoris, or myocardial infarction. Bundle-branch block occurred mostly in the older age groups where there was a high prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesteremia, hyperglycemia, and obesity, although these conditions were no more frequent among the affected persons than among others of the same age and sex.
A phorbol ester augments cAMP content and adenylyl cyclase activity in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes despite reduced adrenoceptor density
Authors: C. Reupcke, A. Paraschos, N. Honbo, J. S Karliner
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

In cultured neonatal rat myocardial cells the phorbol ester, phorbol-12 myristate 13-acetate (PMA), was used as a probe to examine the short term effects of augmented protein kinase C activity on the adenylyl cyclase system and on beta adrenoceptors.beta Adrenoceptors were measured by radioligand binding, cAMP by radioimmunoassay, and adenylyl cyclase activity by a single column method.After 10 minutes of incubation with 100 nM PMA beta adrenoceptor density was reduced by 25% (p < 0.002) with no change in antagonist affinity. Competition curves showed no increase in agonist affinity for (-)-isoprenaline. Surprisingly, cAMP content stimulated by 1 microM (-)-isoprenaline increased by 62% from 47 (SEM 6) to 76(15) pmol.100 microliters-1 (n = 8, p < 0.05). Both effects could be suppressed by incubation with the protein kinase C inhibitor 1-(5-isoquinoline-sulphonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride (H7). Preincubation with PMA also augmented NaF, Mn2+, and forskolin stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity but had no effect on guanylyl-5'-imidodiphosphate (GppNHp) stimulated enzyme activity over a wide range of concentrations. PMA did not alter the effects of pertussis toxin on (-)-isoprenaline-stimulated cAMP content.These data indicate that protein kinase C modifies both the catalytic subunit of adenylyl cyclase and the guanine nucleotide stimulatory protein (Gs), and also suggest that NaF and GppNHp act at different sites on Gs alpha. PMA enhances adenylyl cyclase responsiveness despite loss of beta adrenoceptors in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. These findings suggest that Ca2+ and phospholipid dependent protein kinase C acting at multiple sites in the beta adrenoceptor-adenylyl cyclase cascade may be involved in the regulation of cAMP concentrations in myocardial cells.
Using Medline for comprehensive searches.
Authors: R Wakeford, W Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1993)

including community homes and day centres run by the social services, Mencap, and other volun- tary and private bodies.The NHS still has an important role and respon- sibility in dealing with people with learning dis- abilities, and community care does not mean non-NHS facilities.The NHS provides the best community care for such people who have health care needs.The health districts that ignore, undermine, or marginalise the appropriate NHS facilities for people with learning disabilities will jeopardise the health care needs of a group who are unable to defend themselves and do not understand politics or dogma.
Meralgia Paraesthetica in Physicians
Authors: E. Wayne Massey
Journal: JAMA (1978)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Subsequent to my article (237:1125, 1977) on meralgia paraesthetica, I received numerous letters from physicians with the entity. Their histories and comments were quite interesting. Most notable among the seven physicians who wrote that they suffered from this condition was an 82-year-old proctologist (retired in California) who has had the problem since 1926. Most could not relate a definite cause of their problem. Several mentioned that they had colleagues who also suffered with meralgia paraesthetica. These letters prompted me to reexamine the historical incidence of this notorious mononeuropathy. Many authors have written on the subject and included their own involvement with the syndrome. The number of physicians among the patients with meralgia paraesthetica is very conspicuous. Näcke<sup>1</sup>suffered from meralgia, and as early as 1895 he spoke of the hereditary disposition of this disease. Escat<sup>2</sup>and Freud<sup>3</sup>reported their own cases in 1895 and
Mutations in LCA5, encoding the ciliary protein lebercilin, cause Leber congenital amaurosis
Authors: Anneke I den Hollander, Robert K Koenekoop, Moin D Mohamed, Heleen H Arts, Karsten Boldt, Katherine V Towns, Tina Sedmak, Monika Beer, Kerstin Nagel-Wolfrum, Martin McKibbin, Sharola Dharmaraj, Irma Lopez, Lenka Ivings, Grange A Williams, Kelly Springell, C Geoff Woods, Hussain Jafri, Yasmin Rashid, Tim M Strom, Bert van der Zwaag, Ilse Gosens, Ferry F J Kersten, Erwin van Wijk, Joris A Veltman, Marijke N Zonneveld, Sylvia E C van Beersum, Irene H Maumenee, Uwe Wolfrum, Michael E Cheetham, Marius Ueffing, Frans P M Cremers, Chris F Inglehearn, Ronald Roepman
Journal: Nature Genetics (2007)
Evidence for a Nucleation Defect in Bile from Gallstone Patients
Authors: Steven Gallinger, Robert P.C. Harvey, Steven M. Strasberg
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

When modern methods of estimating cholesterol saturation in bile were first applied to human bile samples, it seemed that a clear distinction could be made between normal and abnormal biles on the basis of cholesterol saturation. Supersaturation of bile with cholesterol appeared to be the only critical defect required for stone formation. A variety of evidence has now accumulated which indicates that a nucleation defect is also important. Chief among these observations is the fact that gallbladder bile from stone patients nucleates cholesterol crystals more rapidly than equally saturated gallbladder bile from controls. To determine whether the gallbladder contributes to the nucleation defect, hepatic and gallbladder bile nucleation times have been compared. Although the former is more supersaturated, the latter nucleates faster suggesting that the gallbladder is important. In another study, the nucleation times of crystal-free abnormal bile, normal bile and a mixture of the two were obtained. The mixture nucleated as rapidly as the abnormal bile even when the abnormal bile contributed only 5% of the volume of the mixture. This indicated that a nucleating factor is added to abnormal bile in the gallbladder.
Abnormal coronary vasomotion during exercise in patients with normal coronary arteries and reduced coronary flow reserve.
Authors: A S Bortone, O M Hess, F R Eberli, H Nonogi, A P Marolf, J Grimm, H P Krayenbuehl
Journal: Circulation (1989)

A reduced coronary flow reserve has been reported in patients with ischemialike symptoms and normal coronary arteries. In 13 such patients, both coronary vasomotion and flow reserve were studied. The luminal area of the proximal and distal third of the left anterior descending and left circumflex artery were determined by biplane quantitative coronary arteriography using a computer-assisted system. Patients were studied at rest, during submaximal supine bicycle exercise (4.0 minutes, 116 W), and 5 minutes after sublingual administration of 1.6 mg nitroglycerin. Heart rate, mean pulmonary pressure, and mean aortic pressure as well as the percent change of both proximal and distal luminal area were determined. In 10 of the 13 patients, coronary sinus blood flow was measured by coronary sinus thermodilution technique at rest and after dipyridamole infusion (0.5 mg/kg in 15 minutes) 10 +/- 5 days after quantitative coronary arteriography. Coronary flow ratio (dipyridamole/rest) and coronary resistance ratio (rest/dipyridamole) were determined in these patients. Patients were divided into two groups according to the behavior of the coronary vessels during exercise (vasodilation, group 1; vasoconstriction, group 2). Coronary vasodilation of the proximal (luminal area +26%, p less than 0.001) and distal (+45%, p less than 0.001) artery was observed in seven patients (group 1) during exercise and after sublingual nitroglycerin (+46%, p less than 0.001; and +99%, p less than 0.001, respectively). In group 2 (n = 6), however, there was coronary vasoconstriction of the distal vessel segments (-24%, p less than 0.001) during exercise, whereas the proximal coronary artery showed vasodilation (+26%, p less than 0.001) during exercise. After sublingual nitroglycerin, both vessel segments elicited vasodilation (distal coronary, +44%, p less than 0.001; proximal coronary artery, +47%, p less than 0.001). Coronary flow ratio amounted to 2.5 in group 1 and 1.2 in group 2 (p less than 0.05) and coronary resistance ratio to 2.7 in group 1 and to 1.2 in group 2 (p less than 0.05), respectively. Thus, among patients with ischemialike symptoms and normal coronary arteries, there is a group of patients (group 2) with an abnormal dilator response of the distal coronary arteries to the physiologic dilator stimulus of exercise and a reduced dilator capacity of the resistance vessels after dipyridamole (abnormal coronary vasodilator syndrome). The nature of this exercise-induced distal coronary vasoconstriction is not clear but might be due to an abnormal neurohumoral tone that may cause or contribute to the blunted vascular response during exercise.
Fractures of the Facial Skeleton
Authors: Bradford Cannon
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The first edition ofFractures of the Facial Skeletonwas published in 1955. It was an encyclopedic text encompassing the many problems of trauma to the face, including etiology, surgical anatomy, clinical and x-ray examination, diagnosis, treatment, and preoperative and postoperative care. In addition there were special sections on war wounds, anesthesia, bone growth and healing, associated head and eye injuries, and reparative surgery of the face.  The important story of the establishment of special maxillofacial centers during World War II and the closely coordinated teamwork of specialists in several related fields in these centers has unfortunately been omitted from this edition. Other inauspicious changes have been the deletion of a moderately detailed listing of chapter contents in the Table of Contents and the abbreviation of the very complete index, both of which should be an integral part of an encyclopedic volume such as this. Chapters have been added on
Adenoidal-Pharyngeal-Conjunctival Agents
Authors: Robert J. Huebner, Wallace P. Rowe, Thomas G. Ward, Robert H. Parrott, Joseph A. Bell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

The undifferentiated respiratory diseases, the febrile catarrhs (acute respiratory disease, exudative nonstreptococcal pharyngitis, primary atypical pneumonias)1 , 2 and the afebrile common colds continue as unsolved omnipresent sources of human distress. About two years ago our group at the National Microbiological Institute and a group at Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene embarked on collaborative efforts to study these ailments. The general, quite elastic plan was to observe them in a concerted manner — to study them simultaneously from clinical, epidemiologic and laboratory standpoints. A particularly important and specific part of the plan, however, was to utilize tissue-culture technics providing multi-purpose new . . .
Evaluation of a novel CD20-targeted IL-15 immunotherapeutic with potent activity against B cell lymphoma
Authors: Bai Liu, Lin Kong, Warren D Marcus, Xiaoyue Chen, Kaiping Han, Peter R Rhode, Hing C Wong
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts IL-15 exhibits potent antitumor efficacy in mouse models through its ability to promote proliferation and activation of NK cells and memory CD8+ T cells. Recently, targeting approaches have been developed to direct these activities against tumor cells and minimize potential