tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Perfluorooctanesulfonate and other fluorochemicals in the serum of American Red Cross adult blood donors.
Authors: Geary W Olsen, Timothy R Church, John P Miller, Jean M Burris, Kristen J Hansen, James K Lundberg, John B Armitage, Ross M Herron, Zahra Medhdizadehkashi, John B Nobiletti, E Mary O'Neill, Jeffrey H Mandel, Larry R Zobel
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

Perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride-based products have included surfactants, paper and packaging treatments, and surface protectants (e.g., for carpet, upholstery, textile). Depending on the specific functional derivatization or degree of polymerization, such products may degrade or metabolize, to an undetermined degree, to perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), a stable and persistent end product that has the potential to bioaccumulate. In this investigation, a total of 645 adult donor serum samples from six American Red Cross blood collection centers were analyzed for PFOS and six other fluorochemicals using HPLC-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. PFOS concentrations ranged from the lower limit of quantitation of 4.1 ppb to 1656.0 ppb with a geometric mean of 34.9 ppb [95% confidence interval (CI), 33.3-36.5]. The geometric mean was higher among males (37.8 ppb; 95% CI, 35.5-40.3) than among females (31.3 ppb; 95% CI, 30.0-34.3). No substantial difference was observed with age. The estimate of the 95% tolerance limit of PFOS was 88.5 ppb (upper limit of 95% CI, 100.0 ppb). The measures of central tendency for the other fluorochemicals (N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetate, N-methyl perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetate, perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetate, perfluorooctanesulfonamide, perfluorooctanoate, and perfluorohexanesulfonate) were approximately an order of magnitude lower than PFOS. Because serum PFOS concentrations correlate with cumulative human exposure, this information can be useful for risk characterization.
Alterations in Pulmonary Function Following Diagnostic Radiological Procedures.
Authors: William Fraimow
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967Alterations in Pulmonary Function Following Diagnostic Radiological Procedures.William Fraimow, M.D., F.A.C.P., Richard T. Cathcart, M.D., Roy R. Greening, M.D., Arnold Ostrow, M.D.William Fraimow, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Richard T. Cathcart, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Roy R. Greening, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Arnold Ostrow, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1055_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe increasing availability and utilization of diagnostic radiologic techniques in internal medicine make the proper evaluation of their hazards and limitations essential. This paper deals specifically with the changes in pulmonary function related to the performance of three diagnostic procedures: lymphangiography, bronchography, and pulmonary scanning with the use of radioactive iodinated serum albumin (RISA). Our data, obtained from patients who had undergone lymphangiography, indicate that there occurs almost universally a 25% fall in diffusion capacity without significant alteration of ventilatory function. These changes are due to oil embolization and are correlated with histologic changes occurring in humans.Bronchography is also... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1055-1055KeywordsDiagnostic medicineFallsOilsPulmonary functionSerum albumin Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Septic arthritis in rheumatoid disease.
Authors: A M Emmerson, C T Keane
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Miss Hunt and her colleagues have postulated that vitamin D and to a lesser extent outdoor exposure are the two most important factors in the determination of the vitamin D status of Asians.If this is so any difference in the serum 25-OHD3 levels of the five different religious groups should be explicable in terms of these two variables alone.Examination of the variation in serum 25-OHD3 when the concomitant variation in outdoor exposure and vitamin D intake had been taken into account in the model mentioned above revealed that a significant difference in the serum 25-OHD3 levels of the different religious groups still existed (F=9 7; 4,74 DF; P<0 001).On in- clusion of chapatty intake in the model, no such difference between religious groups was detectable (F=2 36; 4,73 DF; P>0 05).It would therefore seem essential to include chapatty in any model of vitamin D status in Asians.The amount of variation in serum 25-OHD3 explained by chapatty flour alone (23 040o = 100r2) is greater than the combined contributions of dietary vitamin D and out- door exposure (19-2"o).These findings strongly support earlier observations which have incriminated chapatty consumption in the aetiology of Asian rickets.35
O2 consumption by the fick method. Methodologic factors.
Authors: R Chioléro, P Mavrocordatos, D Bracco, Y Schutz, C Cayeux, J P Revelly
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1994)

This study aimed to compare O2 consumption (VO2) determination by the gas-exchange (VO2GE) and Fick (VO2F) methods in cardiac surgical patients. A total of 10 mechanically ventilated postoperative patients were studied prospectively. Thermodilution was performed using three randomly applied techniques: room temperature saline injected at end expiration, room temperature saline randomly injected in the respiratory cycle, and iced saline injected at end expiration. The influence of the number of thermodilution determinations was assessed by comparing results from 2 and 10 injections. The variability of VO2F was greater than that of VO2GE. There was no bias between VO2GE and VO2F values using injectate at room temperature. Accuracy and precision were not improved by increasing the number of cardiac output determinations from 2 to 10. A significant bias was observed using ice-cold injectate, VO2F being 18.0 +/- 15.4 ml/min/m2 lower than VO2GE (p = 0.001). Published results when comparing VO2F and VO2GE are discrepant. However, a significant bias was found in all studies using cold injectate, with lower VO2F values. We conclude that iced injectate should not be used to assess VO2 in critically ill patients.
Do patients with suspected heart failure and preserved left ventricular systolic function suffer from "diastolic heart failure" or from misdiagnosis? A prospective descriptive study
Authors: L. Caruana
Journal: BMJ (2000)

To characterise the clinical features of patients with suspected heart failure but preserved left ventricular systolic function to determine if they have other potential causes for their symptoms rather than being diagnosed with "diastolic heart failure."Prospective descriptive study.Outpatient based direct access echocardiography service.159 consecutive patients with suspected heart failure referred by general practitioners.Symptoms (including shortness of breath, ankle oedema, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea) and history of coronary heart disease and chronic pulmonary disease. Transthoracic echocardiography, body mass index, pulmonary function tests, and electrocardiography.109 of 159 participants had suspected heart failure in the absence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction, valvular heart disease, or atrial fibrillation. Of these 109, 40 were either obese or very obese, 54 had a reduction in forced expiratory volume in 1 second to </=70%, and 97 had a peak expiratory flow rate </=70% of normal. Thirty one patients had a history of angina, 12 had had a myocardial infarction, and seven had undergone a coronary artery bypass graft. Only seven patients lacked a recognised explanation for their symptoms.For most patients with a diagnosis of heart failure but preserved left ventricular systolic function there is an alternative explanation for their symptoms-for example, obesity, lung disease, and myocardial ischaemia-and the diagnosis of diastolic heart failure is rarely needed. These alternative diagnoses should be rigorously sought and managed accordingly.
Primary care trusts will have wide powers
Authors: L. Beecham
Journal: BMJ (1999)

A new programme, sponsored by the governments of the United Kingdom and Australia, has been successful in reducing the risk of dengue fever in parts of Vietnam.The Australian Foundation for the Peoples of Asia and the Pacific, an aid organisation, recently completed a three year programme using the mesocyclops crustacean, which is about 1 mm long and devours the larvae of the mosquitos that carry dengue fever.Researchers say that the results look promising.The programme appears to have rid the northern
The Use of Empiric Clinical Data in the Evaluation of Practice Guidelines for Unstable Angina
Authors: David A. Katz
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To determine the applicability to emergency department (ED) clinical practice of a nationally disseminated practice guideline on the disposition of patients with a diagnosis of unstable angina, and to determine the potential impact of the guideline on hospital admissions and demand for intensive care beds.Application of guideline criteria for ED disposition decisions to a validation sample derived from a prospective clinical trial.Five hospitals, including 2 urban general teaching hospitals, 2 urban tertiary care university hospitals, and 1 suburban university-affiliated community hospital.A consecutive sample of 457 patients who presented with symptoms suggestive of acute cardiac ischemia and who had "unstable angina" or "rule out unstable angina" diagnosed by ED physicians. Greater than 90% of eligible patients were enrolled in the clinical trial; follow-up data sufficient for assignment of a definitive diagnosis were obtained for 99% of subjects.Acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina, based on blind review of initial and follow-up clinical data, including cardiac enzyme levels and electrocardiograms. After completion of the trial, without knowledge of final diagnosis or outcome, the investigators classified patients into risk groups specified by the unstable angina guideline.Of subjects with an ED diagnosis of unstable angina, only 6% (n=28) met the guideline's criteria corresponding to low risk for adverse events and were therefore suitable for discharge directly to home. Fifty-four percent (n=247) met the intermediate-risk criteria; 40% (n=182) met the high-risk criteria and were identified as requiring admission to an intensive care unit. Actual ED disposition differed from guideline recommendations in 2 major areas: only 4% (1/28) of low-risk patients were discharged to home with outpatient follow-up, and only 40% (72/182) of high-risk patients were admitted to an intensive care unit.Although the guideline was intended to reduce hospitalization by identifying a low-risk group, the small size of this group among ED patients suggests that little reduction in hospitalization can be expected. Indeed, the guideline may increase demand for the limited number of intensive care beds to accommodate patients with unstable angina considered high-risk but currently placed elsewhere. These results emphasize the need to use empiric data from target clinical settings to assess the likely actual impact of guidelines on clinical care prior to national dissemination.
Abstract A54: Potential mechanisms of resistance to targeted agents in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Adrian G. Grozav, Susan A.J. Vaziri, Koegle R. Eric, Dale R. Grabowski, Ronald M. Bukowski, Mahrukh K. Ganapathi, Ram N. Ganapathi
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Targeted therapy with multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (RTKI) has led to a substantial improvement in the standard of care for patients with advanced or metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). We have previously reported that using a phosphoproteomics approach, Ras and Rab interactor 1 (RIN1) was identified as a potential target modulating the antiproliferative effects of sorafenib and sunitinib in a panel of human CCRCC (Proc. AACR 51: Abst. #1626, 2010). While both 10 μM sorafenib and 7.5 μM sunitinib were effective in down-regulating RIN1 protein levels in CCRCC following treatment for 48h, during subsequent recovery for 48h in drug free medium, recovery of RIN1 protein levels was observed in sorafenib but not sunitinib treated cells. mRNA expression profiling revealed that: (a) VEGF-A and HIF-1α levels were unaffected during 48h treatment with sorafenib or sunitinib or subsequent recovery; and (b) while HIF-2α levels were increased &amp;gt;2-fold following 48h exposure to sorafenib or sunitinib, during subsequent recovery in drug-free medium, the increased levels of HIF-2α persisted in cells treated with sorafenib but not sunitinib. Compared to CCRCC cells that were growth inhibited in vitro at concentrations of 5–10 μM sorafenib or sunitinib, in 27 patient CCRCC samples evaluated, the median mRNA levels of RIN1 was 7.2-fold lower in 22 samples (Range 1.6–22.3) and 2.2-fold higher in 5 samples (Range 1.2–27.1). Stable over-expression and down-regulation of RIN1 in CCRCC led to resistance or sensitivity respectively, to the anti-proliferative effects of sorafenib and sunitinib but not the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus. In contrast, CCRCC cells adapted to proliferate in 4 μM everolimus exhibited a &amp;gt;3-fold increase in IC50, and cross-resistance to temsirolimus but not sorafenib or sunitinib. Evaluation in vitro of other targeted agents, demonstrated dose-dependent anti-proliferative effects with the PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor BEZ235 (&amp;gt;80% growth inhibition at 10nM) but not the pan-PI3K inhibitor BKM120 (&amp;lt;30% growth inhibition at 10–500 nM) with CCRCC cells. The observed anti-proliferative effects of BEZ235 or BKM120 were comparable in CCRCC cells harboring the wild type or mutant von Hippel-Lindau gene. While BEZ235 (1–5 nM) or everolimus (100 nM) alone led to &amp;lt;40% growth inhibition, the combination significantly enhanced anti-proliferative effects (&amp;gt;85% growth inhibition) in CCRCC cells expressing resistance to everolimus. These results suggest the PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor BEZ235 may possibly improve the treatment efficacy of mTOR inhibitors for CCRCC. The findings suggest RTKI and mTOR inhibitors have distinct mechanisms of resistance, and combinations may be useful to improve disease control of metastatic CCRCC.
Laetrile Intoxication
Authors: Kathleen T. Braico, James R. Humbert, Kornel L. Terplan, Judith M. Lehotay
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

PROPONENTS and users of Laetrile (amygdalin) claim that the substance has no toxic side effects, even in large doses. FDA warnings that amygdalin may be toxic1 have been overlooked2 in the face of the controversy regarding the use of the drug as a therapeutic agent for cancer.1 , 3 4 5 In the case reported below, lack of knowledge of the potential toxicity of amygdalin on the part of the user led to its accidental ingestion by a small child, and contributed to a delay in the treatment of cyanide poisoning, from which the child eventually died.Case ReportA healthy 11-month-old girl accidentally . . .
Abstract 3252: Divergence of activin and TGFβ-induced SMAD-independent signaling in colon cancer
Authors: Jessica Bauer, Barbara H. Jung
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Introduction: Activin and TGFβ are members of the TGFβ superfamily with growth suppressive and pro-migratory properties. While growth suppressive SMAD 2/3/4 signaling is shared, we have evidence of diverging SMAD-independent migratory signaling involving the CDK inhibitor p21. Here, we dissect the participation of respective mitogenic pathways in activin and TGFβ-specific SMAD-independent signaling in colon cancer. Methods: Colon cancer cell lines with and without SMAD4 were assessed for SMAD, PI3K and MEK pathway influences on activin or TGFβ signaling and associated effects using pharmacologic inhibition, knock-down, co-immunoprecipitation, Western blotting, and functional assays of migration. Results: Irrespective of SMAD4 status, activin-induced migration was PI3K-dependent and associated with PI3K-induced p21 downregulation, while TGFβ-induced migration was MEK1/2-dependent. Activin but not TGFβ lead to colocalization of ACVR1, ACVR2's primary binding partner, with p85, the regulatory subunit of PI3K, in an ACVR1-dependent SMAD-independent manner. Further, activin-induced p21 downregulation was PI3K dependent and associated with proteasomal degradation, while TGFβ stabilized p21 via MEK/ERK. Inhibition of proteasomal degradation of p21 lead to a decrease in migration with activin implicating p21 downregulation in activin-induced migration but not in TGFβ-induced migration. Conclusion: Activin and TGFβ diverge in their pro-migratory SMAD-independent signaling in colon cancer affecting distinct targets to include p21 and employing diverse mitogenic signals. Dissecting ligand-specific functions in colon cancer may be exploited for risk stratification or therapeutic intervention in the near future. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3252. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3252
A Commitment to Serve: In Remembrance of Richard R. Rubin, PhD, CDE (1943–2013) and Harry Keen, MD (1925–2013)
Authors: Lyn Reynolds
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

In the 17 years that I have managed the Diabetes Care Editorial Office, my staff and I have assisted thousands of authors, editors, and reviewers. We have become friends with more of them than we could begin to count. Sadly, we recently lost two especially dear friends, Richard R. Rubin, PhD, CDE, and Harry Keen, MD. Richard lost his battle with cancer on March 25; Harry died unexpectedly on April 5 while undergoing treatment for lymphoma.

We were honored that these great men not only wrote and reviewed articles for Diabetes Care but also served the journal in editorial roles: Richard as an Associate Editor (2002–2004) and Harry as a member of the Editorial Board (2001–2003). Over the years, as our friendships with them grew, they shared family stories and hobby interests with us. It was not unusual for either to e-mail our office, just to send a photo or a “Hope all is going well.”

Our friendship with Richard began during his time as an Associate Editor of Diabetes Care . He remained a frequent reviewer for the journal after his editorial duties ended—and even after his cancer diagnosis. Richard loved his family and photography and would often send us pictures of his photo projects, the grandkids, or himself and his wife, Karan. After learning that my avocation is writing, he never failed to ask how my book was going, or if I had even been able to do any writing lately. He never complained about the downward trend in his health. Instead, he spent his time living life. Richard was one of those people who inspires others to focus on the best in life, not the worst.

Our friendship with Harry dates from 12 years ago, when we began recognizing top reviewers for Diabetes Care . During the …
Recognition of Renal Osteodystrophy on Bone Imaging
Authors: DANIEL E. EGGLESTON, KENNETH BARTOLD, REZA ABGHARI
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

Renal osteodystrophy, a frequent complication of chronic renal failure, can be recognized and the diagnosis suggested with a fairly high degree of confidence on bone imaging, if one is familiar with common scintigraphic findings. This case report illustrates some of those findings.
Barely Scratching the Surface
Authors: Aaron I. Vinik
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

Itching or pruritus is an unpleasant sensation that evokes the desire or reflex to scratch. Itching in people with diabetes for the most part suggests a skin condition such as psoriasis, eczema, sunburn, athlete's foot, hidradenitis suppurativa, pruritus vulvae from monilial infections, xerosis and diabetic eczema, necrobiosis diabeticorum, allergies to medications, drug eruptions, and many other conditions. Most are inflammatory disorders. In addition, there are generalized medical conditions that need to be excluded such as obstructive jaundice (bilirubin is a skin irritant at high concentrations), polycythemia that can cause generalized itching, myxedema, hypoparathyroidism, uremia, iron deficiency anemia, and malignancy or systemic internal cancers such as lymphoma or Hodgkin's disease (1). When all have been considered and excluded, the question that needs to be answered is, Does the itching derive from a peripheral or a central mechanism?

### Sensations associated with scratching

Pain and itch have very different behavioral response patterns. Pain evokes a withdrawal reflex that leads to retraction and is therefore a reaction trying to protect an endangered part of the body. Itch creates a scratch reflex that draws one to the affected skin site (2). It has been hypothesized that motivational aspects of scratching include the frontal brain areas of reward and decision making. These aspects might therefore contribute to the compulsive nature of itch and scratching (2). It is clear, therefore, that itching is not skin-deep.

Unmyelinated nerve fibers for itch and pain both originate in the skin; however, information for them is conveyed centrally in two distinct systems that both use the same peripheral nerve bundle and spinothalamic tract (3). It is surprising, then, that no one has reported on itch as a symptom of neuropathy. In this issue of Diabetes Care , Yamaoka et al. (4) report on truncal itching as being a symptom of diabetic neuropathy. A large-scale survey …
HLA DPB polymorphism in primary sclerosing cholangitis and primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: James A. Underhill, Peter T. Donaldson, Derek G. Doherty, Koji Manabe, Roger Williams
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

In recent years there has been an increasing interest in the link between susceptibility to autoimmune liver disease and genes of the HLA system, although the role of the DPB1 locus in British patients has only been investigated in autoimmune hepatitis. The aim of the current study was to determine the distribution of DPB1 alleles in a large series of British patients with the two other autoimmune liver diseases, primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis, and compare the allele frequencies obtained with those of a geographically matched control group. Polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific oligonucleotide probing was used to assign 18 DPB1 alleles in 82 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), 71 patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and 103 controls. The frequencies of the DPB1 alleles were not significantly different comparing patients and controls. However, two important observations were made. Firstly, in primary sclerosing cholangitis, the previously reported association with the haplotype A1-B8-DR3-DQ2 does not extend to the DPB1 locus, suggesting that the genetic determinants of susceptibility for this disease lie closer to the DRB loci. Secondly, in primary biliary cirrhosis there is evidence that the reported association with DR8-DQB1*0402 includes the DPB1*0301 allele. The weak HLA association reported here is in contrast with recent data from Japan, where susceptibility is strongly linked to a particular amino acid residue encoded by the DPB1*0501 allele. These data clearly demonstrate that the alleles of the DPB1 locus are not associated with susceptibility to or protection from either primary biliary cirrhosis or primary sclerosing cholangitis in British patients.