tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gabapentin for the Treatment of Postherpetic Neuralgia&lt;SUBTITLE&gt;A Randomized Controlled Trial&lt;/SUBTITLE&gt;
Authors: Michael Rowbotham
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a syndrome of often intractable neuropathic pain following herpes zoster (shingles) that eludes effective treatment in many patients.To determine the efficacy and safety of the anticonvulsant drug gabapentin in reducing PHN pain.Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design, 8-week trial conducted from August 1996 through July 1997.Sixteen US outpatient clinical centers.A total of 229 subjects were randomized.A 4-week titration period to a maximum dosage of 3600 mg/d of gabapentin or matching placebo. Treatment was maintained for another 4 weeks at the maximum tolerated dose. Concomitant tricyclic antidepressants and/or narcotics were continued if therapy was stabilized prior to study entry and remained constant throughout the study.The primary efficacy measure was change in the average daily pain score based on an 11-point Likert scale (0, no pain; 10, worst possible pain) from baseline week to the final week of therapy. Secondary measures included average daily sleep scores, Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Subject Global Impression of Change and investigator-rated Clinical Global Impression of Change, Short Form-36 (SF-36) Quality of Life Questionnaire, and Profile of Mood States (POMS). Safety measures included the frequency and severity of adverse events.One hundred thirteen patients received gabapentin, and 89 (78.8%) completed the study; 116 received placebo, and 95 (81.9%) completed the study. By intent-to-treat analysis, subjects receiving gabapentin had a statistically significant reduction in average daily pain score from 6.3 to 4.2 points compared with a change from 6.5 to 6.0 points in subjects randomized to receive placebo (P<.001). Secondary measures of pain as well as changes in pain and sleep interference showed improvement with gabapentin (P<.001). Many measures within the SF-36 and POMS also significantly favored gabapentin (P< or =.01). Somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, peripheral edema, and infection were all more frequent in the gabapentin group, but withdrawals were comparable in the 2 groups (15 [13.3%] in the gabapentin group vs 11 [9.5%] in the placebo group).Gabapentin is effective in the treatment of pain and sleep interference associated with PHN. Mood and quality of life also improve with gabapentin therapy.
The peripheral retinal 'map'.
Authors: D. H. Williams
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1975)

The condition of the periphery of the retinal field of the human eye is of considerable significance, it is suggested, to those participating in various sporting activities. Its boundaries shrink and expand depending upon the physiological conditions imposed both upon the eye and upon the organism as a whole. Consequently its message to the brain may be impaired under stress with resulting danger owing to delayed response.
Surveillance of Antibiotic Use-Reply
Authors: Rocco Latorraca
Journal: JAMA (1981)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The letter by Dr Saitz is an excellent critique of our article. His questions relate to the effectiveness of the described antibiotic review method, namely, was medical care improved along with decreased costs for antimicrobial use, and was there an actual decrease in use of antimicrobials and their use prophylactically? The purpose of this article was initially to devise a method based on reasonable questions that could be answered in a simple, concise, and easily obtainable manner. The excellent work of Calvin Kunin, MD, and his Committee on Antimicrobial Drug Usage had addressed these questions in the series of articles referred to in the references. Our contribution was intended to adapt this method to a format that would lend itself to continued surveillance and audits of the use of antibiotics within a community hospital. Our attempts were directed in a method that each medical department could use recognizing
Urinary Diversions after Cystectomy: The Association of Clinical Factors, Complications and Functional Results of Four Different Diversions
Authors: Jakko A. Nieuwenhuijzen, Remco R. de Vries, Alex Bex, Henk G. van der Poel, Wim Meinhardt, Ninja Antonini, Simon Horenblas
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Abstract 1827: Height, obesity and colorectal adenomatous polyps: The Minnesota Cancer Prevention Research Unit case-control study
Authors: Huakang Tu, Roberd M. Bostick
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Several observational studies found greater height and obesity to be associated with increased risk for colorectal cancer; however, there have been few studies of their associations with adenomatous polyps, precursors to most colorectal cancers. Methods: We investigated the association of body size characteristics with risk of incident, sporadic colorectal adenomatous polyps using data from the Minnesota Cancer Prevention Research Unit case-control study of 566 colonoscopy-positive adenomatous polyp cases, 687 colonoscopy-negative controls, and 535 community controls conducted 1991-1994. Self-administered measurements of height, weight, and waist and hip circumferences were collected at recruitment. From these measurements, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI; kg of weight/height in m2) were calculated as indicators of obesity. Results: In the multivariate analyses using the colonoscopy-negative controls, the adjusted odds ratios (OR) for adenomas across the upper three quartiles relative to the lowest quartile of height were 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.89, 1.76), 1.31 (95% CI: 0.93, 1.85), and 1.42 (95% CI: 0.96, 2.10), respectively; for WHR, the corresponding ORs were 0.82 (95% CI: 0.57, 1.18), 1.71 (95% CI: 1.15, 2.54), and 1.06 (95% CI: 0.75, 1.50); and for BMI they were 1.01 (95% CI: 0.70, 1.47), 1.28 (95% CI: 0.89, 1.82), and 1.20 (95% CI: 0.84, 1.70). For the combined effects of height and WHR and height and BMI, height, WHR, and BMI were dichotomized based on the median values among the community controls. Relative to those with shorter height and who also had a smaller WHR, those who were taller and also had a larger WHR were more likely to have adenomas (OR=1.71, 95% CI: 1.18, 2.48); the p-value for a multiplicative interaction was 0.68. Relative to those with shorter height and who also had a smaller BMI, those who were taller and also had a larger BMI were more likely to have adenomas (OR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.19); the p-value for a multiplicative interaction was 0.72. Conclusions: These data suggest that being taller and/or overweight may be associated with increased risk for colorectal adenomatous polyps. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1827. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1827
Agranulocytosis, Procainamide, and Phenytoin
Authors: STEPHEN FLEET
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1984Agranulocytosis, Procainamide, and PhenytoinSTEPHEN FLEET, M.D.STEPHEN FLEET, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-100-4-616_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: With reference to the article by Ellrodt and associates (1) I write to report a case of fatal agranulocytosis associated with sustained-release procainamide.An 82-year-old white man was hospitalized on 22 January 1983 for fever and lethargy. Two years before admission he was begun on phenytoin, 100 mg three times a day, and phenobarbital, 32 mg three times a day, for grand mal seizures. He remained in generally good health until 15 weeks before admission when he had herpes zoster over the back and abdomen, which was treated with soaking, acetaminophen with codeine, and an 8-day course...References1. ELLRODT A, MURATA G, RIEDINGER M, STEWART M, MOCHIZUKI C, and GRAY R. Severe neutropenia associated with sustained-release procainamide. Ann Intern Med. 1984;100:197-201. LinkGoogle Scholar2. NAGESH K, POULOSE K, TSENG T, and SCHADCHEHR A. Procainamide-induced agranulocytosis: report of two cases and review. J Kans Med Soc. 1980;81:18-24. MedlineGoogle Scholar3. CROOK J, WOOSLEY R, LEFTWICH R, and NATELSON E. Agranulocytosis during combined procainamide and phenytoin therapy. South Med J. 1979;72:1599-601. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. TSAN M, MEHLMAN D, GREEN R, and BELL W. Dilantin, agranulocytosis, and phagocytic marrow histiocytes [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1976;84:710-1. LinkGoogle Scholar5. BERGER B and HAUSER D. Agranulocytosis due to new sustained-release procainamide. Am Heart J. 1983;105:1035-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: STEPHEN FLEET, M.D.Affiliations: Fairview General Hospital Cleveland, OH 44111 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCardiac glycosides and drugs used in dysrhythmiasSevere neutropenia associated with procainamide: comparison of sustained release and conventional preparations 1 April 1984Volume 100, Issue 4Page: 616-617KeywordsCodeineEpileptic seizuresFevers ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...
Myelodysplastic syndrome with erythroid hypoplasia/aplasia: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Julio García-Suárez, Teresa Pascual, M. Angeles Muñoz, Begoña Herrero, Ana Pardo
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with erythroid hypoplasia/aplasia has not yet been clearly defined, and in most patients it is mistaken for acquired pure red cell aplasia (PRCA). We report a patient with severe transfusion-dependent anemia (Hb 6.9 g/dl) and reticulocytopenia. WBC and platelet counts were normal. Bone marrow examination showed a marked trilineage dysplasia and a low percentage of erythroid precursors (3%). A diagnosis of MDS (refractory anemia according to FAB classification) with erythroid hypoplasia/aplasia was made. Repeated cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow showed normal karyotypes. Moreover, serial IgM serology and DNA analysis of the patient's sera for B19 parvovirus were negative. Other conditions known to be associated with erythroid aplasia were also absent. The patient failed hematinics and prednisone therapy. He next received r-HuEPO (200 U/kg three times weekly). This form of therapy achieved a rapid and complete erythroid response. He has remained in complete erythroid response after a 7-month period on maintenance therapy of 100 U/kg three times weekly. A review of the literature revealed only 15 well-documented cases of MDS with erythroid hypoplasia/aplasia. All had morphological evidence of myelodysplasia. These patients were predominantly elderly males, all required regular packed red cell transfusions, and had an unfavorable prognosis, mainly because of a high rate of blastic transformation (frequently preceded by a myeloproliferative phase). The mechanism of erythroid hypoplasia in this subgroup of MDS remains uncertain. However, laboratory and clinical data suggest the existence of an intrinsic stem cell defect. None of the patients received hematopoietic growth factors. To our knowledge, our patient is the first case of MDS with erythroid hypoplasia where r-HuEPO was successfully attempted. The description of more cases is necessary to delineate the value of r-HuEPO therapy in this rare variant of MDS. Am. J. Hematol. 58:319–325, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Vaccine Extraimmunization—Too Much of a Good Thing?
Authors: Robert L. Davis
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Sexually transmitted diseases and HIV-1 infection among homosexual men in England and Wales.
Authors: B G Evans, M A Catchpole, J Heptonstall, J Y Mortimer, C A McCarrigle, A G Nicoll, P Waight, O N Gill, A V Swan
Journal: BMJ (1993)

OBJECTIVE--To examine surveillance data for evidence of changing sexual behaviour and continuing transmission of HIV-1 among men who have sex with men. DESIGN--Analytic study of surveillance data on sexually transmitted diseases. SETTING--England and Wales. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Number of cases of rectal gonorrhoea and newly diagnosed HIV infection in homosexual men. RESULTS--New cases of gonorrhoea among men attending genitourinary medicine clinics increased by 7.7% in 1989 and by 4.2% in 1990. Reports of rectal isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae also rose and the male to female ratio for patients with rectal gonorrhoea changed from 0.3:1 during 1988-9 to 2.6:1 in 1990-1. Although the overall number of cases of acute hepatitis B fell during 1988-91, 81 and 82 homosexual men were infected in 1990 and 1991 respectively compared with 50 and 42 in 1988 and 1989. 1526 men had HIV-1 infection diagnosed in 1991, the largest number since 1987. Twenty eight of the 97 (29%) men who seroconverted between January 1989 and December 1991 were aged less than 25. The proportion of men aged 15-19 who were found to be infected with HIV-1 at their first test increased from an average of 2.4% up to 1990 to 4.7% in the first nine months of 1991. The prevalence of HIV infection in men under 25 attending genitourinary medicine clinics in London was 17% compared with 7.8% outside London. CONCLUSION--Unsafe sexual behaviour and HIV transmissions have increased among homosexual men after a period of decline. Recent HIV transmissions may disproportionately affect younger men.
House of Lords votes against immunity from prosecution for relatives who help in assisted suicide abroad
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

An attempt to change the law to give legal protection to relatives and friends who help terminally ill loved ones to travel abroad for an assisted suicide has failed in the House of Lords.

The amendment to the Coroners and Justice Bill moved by Lord Falconer, a former Labour lord chancellor, was defeated by 194 votes to 141 after an impassioned debate.

It would have given immunity from prosecution to those who helped a terminally ill friend or family member go to a place where assisted suicide is legal, such as Switzerland.

Under the Suicide Act 1961, actions taken in England and Wales …
The Psychological Assessment of Political Leaders: With Profiles of Saddam Hussein and Bill Clinton
Authors: D. K. Simonton
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Effect of disodium cromoglycate on virus-cell systems in vitro.
Authors: D E Loveday, R B Wenham
Journal: BMJ (1977)

Arthritis and primary biliary cirrhosisArticular problems are more commonly associated with active chronic hepatitis, viral hepatitis, and haemochromatosis,l than with primary biliary "cirrhosis" (PBC; chronic, non-suppurative, destructive cholangitis).2Of 12 patients with PBC seen in this hospital over the past three years, however, five had appreciable arthritic lesions and circulating rheumatoid factor.We wish to emphasise the frequency of this association by reporting details of these patients. Case reportsCase 1-A woman aged 47 developed nodular, erosive peripheral arthritis, a pleural effusion, and pericarditis.A liver biopsy was performed 12 months later because of persistently raised concentrations of alkaline phosphatase in serum.The histological appearance of the specimen suggested primary biliary cirrhosis with lymphocytic infiltration of the portal tracts.Case 2-This woman, aged 69, presented with symmetrical, peripheral, erosive arthritis without nodules, but with iritis and a raised concentration of serum alkaline phosphatase.The histological appearances of a liver biopsy specimen were compatible with PBC.Case 3-For many years this 62-year-old woman had experienced episodes of symmetrical arthritis affecting knees and small joints.There were erosions of bone but no nodules.She then developed pruritus, steatorrhoea, hepato- megaly, and a raised concentration of alkaline phosphatase.A liver biopsy specimen confirmed the diagnosis of PBC.Case 4-This woman, aged 54, had abnormal liver function test results and a palpable spleen.The histological appearances of a liver biopsy specimen showed probable PBC.Subsequently she developed a non-erosive, anodular arthritis of the hands and knees.Case 5-A 49-year-old woman developed pruritus after cholecystectomy.An operative liver biopsy specimen showed the histological appearances of PBC.Jaundice, hypercholesterolaemia (maximum serum cholesterol con- centration 24 mmol/l (927 mg/ 100 ml)), and hepatosplenomegaly developed, as did a non-erosive anodular arthritis affecting the hands, wrists, shoulders and one knee.
Expression of perforin in infiltrating cells in murine hearts with acute myocarditis caused by coxsackievirus B3.
Authors: Y Seko, Y Shinkai, A Kawasaki, H Yagita, K Okumura, F Takaku, Y Yazaki
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND Cell-mediated autoimmunity has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a murine model of acute myocarditis caused by coxsackievirus B3, we analyzed the phenotypes and morphology of the infiltrating cells in the hearts by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. We also examined the expression of a cytolytic factor, perforin, in the infiltrating cells by immunoperoxidase and in situ hybridization. We found that the dominant population of the infiltrating cells were asialo GM1 positive, were negative for T-cell markers, and had electron-dense cytoplasmic granules, which is consistent with a morphology of large granular lymphocytes. Perforin was found in the cytoplasmic granules of the infiltrating cells expressing perforin messenger RNA. These findings provide for the first time the direct evidence that the first wave of cell infiltration in hearts mainly consists of killer cells and strongly suggests that perforin plays, in part, an important role in myocardial cell damage involved in acute viral myocarditis. T-helper cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes made up the second wave of cell infiltration. CONCLUSIONS As we previously reported, the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I antigen on cardiac myocytes induced by the infiltrating cells, such as killer cells, may facilitate the interaction between cardiac myocytes and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and may lead to further myocardial cell damage in a later phase.
Abstract 3949: Hypoxia induces the conversion of tumor initiating cells from stationary to invasive by promoting cell surface trafficking of matrix metalloproteinase-14.
Authors: Jian Cao
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Emerging experimental and clinical evidence has demonstrated that quiescent, stationary tumor initiating cells (TICs) can become invasive and metastatic. The mechanism underlying the conversion of TICs from stationary to invasive remains to be characterized. A better understanding of this conversion is crucial for the design of inhibitors aimed at preventing cancer metastasis. We report here for the first time that hypoxia, a low oxygen environment that often occurs in solid tumors, induces translocation of the membrane anchored protease, matrix metalloproteinase-14 (MMP-14) from the cytoplasmic storage pool to the cell surface resulting in conversion of stationary TICs to invasive TICs. Exposure of minimally invasive breast cancer TICs, SK-3rd, that displays CD44high/CD24low with high mammosphere-forming and tumorigenic capacities, to hypoxic conditions (1% O2) results in markedly enhanced cell invasive ability. This phenotypic change is also observed in SK-3rd TICs in the presence of cobalt chloride (CoCl2), an agent that mimics hypoxia. Given the role of MMP-14 in cancer invasion/metastasis, we explored a possible involvement of MMP-14 in hypoxia-induced TIC invasion. Silencing of MMP-14 by a shRNA approach resulted in diminution of hypoxia-induced cell invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. When SK-3rd cells were cultured under hypoxic conditions, MMP-14 redistributed from cytoplasmic storage pools to the cell surface of TICs, which coincides with the increased cell invasion. In addition, CD44, a cancer stem-like cell marker, inversely correlated with increased cell surface MMP-14. Interestingly, cell surface MMP-14 gradually disappeared when the hypoxia-treated cells were switched to normoxia, suggesting the plasticity of TICs in response to oxygen content. Furthermore, we dissected the pathways leading to upregulated MMP-14 in cytoplasmic storage pools under normoxic conditions. We demonstrated a cascade involving Twist1-miR10b-HoxD10 leading to enhanced MMP-14 expression in SK-3rd TICs. These observations suggest that MMP-14 is a key molecule capable of executing conversion of stationary TICs to invasive TICs under hypoxic conditions and thereby controlling metastasis. Citation Format: Jian Cao. Hypoxia induces the conversion of tumor initiating cells from stationary to invasive by promoting cell surface trafficking of matrix metalloproteinase-14. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3949. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3949