tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Occult and Frequent Transmission of Atherosclerotic Coronary Disease With Cardiac Transplantation
Authors: E. Murat Tuzcu, Robert E. Hobbs, Gustavo Rincon, Corinne Bott-Silverman, Anthony C. De Franco, Killian Robinson, Patrick M. McCarthy, Robert W. Stewart, Skip Guyer, Steven E. Nissen
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Transplant coronary artery disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after cardiac transplantation. However, limited data exist regarding the potential contribution of coronary atherosclerosis in the donor heart to cardiac-allograft vasculopathy.We performed quantitative coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound imaging in 50 of 62 consecutive heart-transplant recipients (40 men, 10 women, mean age, 53 +/- 9 years) 4.6 +/- 2.6 weeks after transplantation. The donor population consisted of 30 men and 20 women (mean age, 32 +/- 12 years). Ultrasound imaging visualized all three coronary arteries in 22 patients, two coronary arteries in 23, and one coronary artery in 5. Ultrasound imaging detected coronary atherosclerosis (intimal thickness > or = 0.5 mm) in 28 patients (56%). However, the angiography was abnormal in only 13 patients (26%). The sensitivity and specificity of coronary angiography were 43% and 95%, respectively. With ultrasound, the average atherosclerotic plaque thickness was 1.3 +/- 0.6 mm and the cross-sectional area narrowing was 34 +/- 16%. Atherosclerotic involvement frequently was focal (85%), eccentric (mean eccentricity index, 87 +/- 8), and near arterial bifurcations. Donors of the transplant recipients with coronary atherosclerosis were older than those without atherosclerosis (37 +/- 12 versus 25 +/- 10 years, P = .001). Maximal intimal thickness correlated with donor age (r = .54, P = .0001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that donor age (P = .0001), male sex of donor (P = .0006), and recipient age (P = .03) were independent predictors of atherosclerosis.Coronary atherosclerosis is frequently but inadvertently transmitted by means of cardiac transplantation from the donor to the recipient. Long-term outcomes of donor-transmitted coronary artery disease will require further evaluation.
934-28 Sensitivity and Specificity of Angiographic Markers for Thrombus: A Prospective Comparison with Angioscopy
Authors: Eugene Mc Fadden, Christophe Bauters, Martial Hamon, Eric Van Belle, Nathalie Renaud, Michel E. Bertrand, Jean-Marc Lablanche
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
THE EFFECT OF AN IMPERMEABLE VAPOR BARRIER ON ELECTROLYTE AND NITROGEN CONCENTRATIONS IN SWEAT 1
Authors: Charles R. Kleeman, David E. Bass, Murray Quinn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1953)

When environmental temperatures are high, 80 to 90 per cent of the total water, sodium, and chloride, and 25 to 50 per cent of the losses of potassium, calcium, magnesium, and nitrogen may occur in the sweat (1, 2).Failure to measure these losses may lead to serious errors in balance studies.Although dermal water loss can' be quite accurately measured in both acute and prolonged studies, this is not true of sweat electrolytes and nitrogen.Even in metabolic balance studies where the subject's daily activities are rigidly controlled, the accurate collection of all body sweat solutes by repeated body washings presents obvious difficul- ties.Conn and Louis (3) and Johnson, Pitts, and Consolazio (4) have assumed that the dermal losses are equal to the intake-(urine plus fecal losses).This method, however, disregards any daily positive or negative balances of these substances which may occur.The simplest method involves the collection of a local sweat sample, measure- ment of the solute concentration, and determination of the total solute content from the concentration and the totali sweat loss.This method assumes that the local sample is representative of the total body sweat and that the technique of collection does not alter the true solute concentrations.Pre- vious investigations (5, 6, 7, 8) and data from this Laboratory (7) indicate that neither of these as- sumptions is correct.In general, previous studies (5, 6, 7, 8, 9) indicate that the chloride, nitrogen, and lactic acid concentrations of arm sweat col- lected under an impermeable barrier, are higher than the concentrations of these solutes in total body sweat.Mickelsen and Keys (6) have shown that the concentrations of chloride ion, urea, and
A RANDOMIZED COMPARISON OF NOBORI BIOLIMUS A9 ELUTING STENT WITH CYPHER SIROLIMUS ELUTING STENT FOR CORONARY REVASCULARIZATION IN JAPANESE POPULATION
Authors: Toshiya Muramatsu, Masashi Iwabuchi, Shigeru Saito, Yasuhiko Hayashi, Yuji Ikari, Kenshi Fujii, Shinsuke Nanto, Naoto Inoue, Takeshi Kimura, Atsuo Namiki, Haruo Hirayama, Osamu Doi, Mitsuo Kashida, Junji Yajima, Kazuaki Mitsudo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Chancroid in the United States
Authors: George P. Schmid
Journal: JAMA (1987)

For 30 years, chancroid has been an uncommon and geographically localized disease in the United States; a mean of 878 cases were reported annually between 1971 and 1980. Since 1981, however, numerous outbreaks have established chancroid as an endemic disease in many additional areas and, in 1986, 3418 cases, the largest number since 1952, were reported. Cases are occurring preponderantly among men who patronize prostitutes, and infected individuals who have traveled from outbreak areas or from outside the United States are suspected of having contributed to the spread of disease. Efforts to eradicate disease in outbreak areas have been only occasionally effective and have been hampered by difficulty in locating potentially infected individuals and by travel by infected individuals. The failure to eradicate outbreaks leaves residual sources for new disease transmission into yet additional areas.
ON INFECTIOUS DYSPEPSIA AND ITS RATIONAL TREATMENT BY THE ANTISEPTIC METHOD.Read by invitation before the Mississippi Valley Medical Association at its Sixteenth Annual Meeting, Louisville, Ky., October 8, 1890.
Authors: FRANK WOODBURY
Journal: JAMA (1890)

A cynical Frenchman declared that the treatment of consumption was "opium and lies;" and at times we are tempted to say that the treatment of dyspepsia is the same—minus the opium. If we confine our judgment to the numerous proprie tary "sure cures for dyspepsia," now so widely advertised, this conclusion would probably be nearly correct. I hope, however, that the meth ods of rational medicine may so commend them selves to our favor as to escape condemnation to this category, especially when we may see our patients, by adopting them, cured safely, quickly and more or less pleasantly. It is proper to state, at the outset, that our pres ent consideration of the subject is limited to dys pepsia solely as related to the stomach; no refer ence is attempted, or intended to be made to in testinal indigestion, or to the so-called intestinal dyspepsia. It must be
Prognostic Value of a T-Cell–Based, Interferon-γ Biomarker in Children with Tuberculosis Contact
Authors: Mustafa Bakir
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2008)

Background: Enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay is an increasingly widely used, T-cell–based, interferon-γ–release assay for diagnosing tuberculosis infection, but whether positive results are prognostic of active tuberculosis is not known. Objective: To determine whether ELISpot results predict the development of active tuberculosis among persons with recent tuberculosis exposure. Design: Longitudinal cohort study of children and adolescents with tuberculosis contact recruited from October 2002 to April 2004. Setting: Community-based contact investigations in Turkey. Patients: 908 children and adolescents with recent household tuberculosis exposure. Intervention: Enzyme-linked immunospot assay, incorporating early secretory antigenic target-6 and culture filtrate protein-10, and tuberculin skin test were done at baseline. Measurements: Incidence rates ratios of progression to active tuberculosis for contacts with positive tuberculin skin test and ELISpot results, and relative incidence rates comparing contacts with positive and negative test results. Results: Isoniazid preventive therapy was given to 688 (76%) contacts according to local guidelines. Fifteen contacts developed active tuberculosis over 1201 person-years of follow-up. Of 381 contacts with positive ELISpot results, 11 developed active tuberculosis over 536 person-years of follow-up (incidence rate, 21 per 1000 person-years [95% CI, 10.2 to 36.7 per 1000 person-years]), a statistically significant 3- to 4-fold increased risk for progression relative to ELISpot-negative contacts. Of 550 contacts with positive tuberculin skin test results, 12 developed active tuberculosis over 722 person-years of follow-up (incidence rate, 17 per 1000 person-years [CI, 8.6 to 29.0 per 1000 person-years]). Limitation: Only 3 of the 15 incident cases were confirmed by culture. Conclusion: Positive ELISpot results predict subsequent development of active tuberculosis in recent tuberculosis contacts. Although tuberculosis contacts with positive ELISpot results have an incidence rate of tuberculosis similar to that of contacts with positive tuberculin skin test results, ELISpot testing could allow more focused targeting of preventive therapy to fewer contacts.
Methylmercury Exposure and Adverse Cardiovascular Effects in Faroese Whaling Men
Authors: Anna L. Choi, Pal Weihe, Esben Budtz-Jørgensen, Poul J. Jørgensen, Jukka T. Salonen, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Katsuyuki Murata, Hans Petur Nielsen, Maria Skaalum Petersen, Jórun Askham, Philippe Grandjean
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2008)

Methylmercury (MeHg), a worldwide contaminant found in fish and seafood, has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality.We examined 42 Faroese whaling men (30-70 years of age) to assess possible adverse effects within a wide range of MeHg exposures from consumption of pilot whale meat.We assessed exposure levels from mercury analysis of toenails and whole blood (obtained at the time of clinical examination), and a hair sample collected 7 years previously. Outcome measures included heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure (BP), common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP). We carried out multiple regression and structural equation model (SEM) analyses to determine the confounder-adjusted effect of mercury exposure. Taking into account correlations among related measures, we categorized exposure and outcomes in groups to derive latent exposure and response variables in SEMs. We used multiple regression analysis to compare the predictive validity of individual exposure biomarkers and the latent exposure variable on individual and latent outcomes.The toenail mercury concentrations varied widely and had a geometric mean of 2.0 microg/g; hair concentrations averaged about 3-fold higher. Mercury exposure was significantly associated with increased BP and IMT. This effect was reflected by SEMs, but mercury in toenails tended to be the best effect predictor.The results support the notion that increased MeHg exposure promotes the development of cardiovascular disease.
Reference Values for Plasma Lipids and Lipoproteins
Authors: A. Zanella
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Reference values for plasma lipids and lipoproteins have recently been revised by the Lipids Research Clinics (LRC) Program<sup>1</sup>andfound to be higher than the traditional ones.<sup>2</sup> In the Centro Trasfusionale e di Immunologia dei Trapianti of the Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, regular blood donors undergo, at each donation, a physical examination and some biochemical analyses, including those of cholesterol and triglycerides. The results of laboratory tests are recorded, and a longitudinal individual biochemical profile thus becomes available for each donor.<sup>3</sup> We selected as a reference sample 14,942 subjects (9,849 males and 5,093 females), who, during a follow-up period of at least two years, had a negative clinical history and normal results at both physical examination and laboratory investigations (excluding lipids assay). The first recorded value of fasting cholesterol and triglycerides of each donor was used to calculate reference limits for sex and age classes.
Mass screening for open spina bifida needs careful consideration
Authors: W. Check
Journal: JAMA (1977)

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New Pathologic Classification of Lung Cancer: Relevance for Clinical Practice and Clinical Trials
Authors: William D. Travis, Elisabeth Brambilla, Gregory J. Riely
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

We summarize significant changes in pathologic classification of lung cancer resulting from the 2011 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (IASLC/ATS/ERS) lung adenocarcinoma classification. The classification was developed by an international core panel of experts representing IASLC, ATS, and ERS with oncologists/pulmonologists, pathologists, radiologists, molecular biologists, and thoracic surgeons. Because 70% of patients with lung cancer present with advanced stages, a new approach to small biopsies and cytology with specific terminology and criteria focused on the need for distinguishing squamous cell carcinoma from adenocarcinoma and on molecular testing for EGFR mutations and ALK rearrangement. Tumors previously classified as non-small-cell carcinoma, not otherwise specified, because of the lack of clear squamous or adenocarcinoma morphology should be classified further by using a limited immunohistochemical workup to preserve tissue for molecular testing. The terms "bronchioloalveolar carcinoma" and "mixed subtype adenocarcinoma" have been discontinued. For resected adenocarcinomas, new concepts of adenocarcinoma in situ and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma define patients who, if they undergo complete resection, will have 100% disease-free survival. Invasive adenocarcinomas are now classified by predominant pattern after using comprehensive histologic subtyping with lepidic, acinar, papillary, and solid patterns; micropapillary is added as a new histologic subtype with poor prognosis. Former mucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinomas are now called "invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma." Because the lung cancer field is now rapidly evolving with new advances occurring on a frequent basis, particularly in the molecular arena, this classification provides a much needed standard for pathologic diagnosis not only for patient care but also for clinical trials and TNM classification.
913. Development and Characterization of CF Airway Epithelial Cell Lines Complemented with Wild-Type and ΔF508 CFTR cDNA
Authors: Rosalie Maurisse, Beate Illek, Judy Cheung, Tusyoshi Shuto, Hirofumi Kai, Horst Fischer, Dieter C. Gruenert
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
The development of immortalized airway epithelial cells has been a significant contribution to the elucidation of the biochemical and molecular mechanisms that underlie cystic fibrosis (CF) pathology and in the development of CF therapies. The different cell systems have been employed in genetic complementation studies as well as the characterization of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) related metabolic pathways. An important feature of CF cells complemented with wild-type (WT)-CFTR is reversal of the cAMP-dependent Cl ion transport defect in these cells. Such complementation studies have led to the understanding of numerous relationships between CFTR function and specific biochemical pathways. However, there is very little known about the affect of the degree of CFTR expression on CFTR related functions. In particular, the level of vector-driven WT-CFTR expression has not been well compared to |[Delta]|F508-CFTR expression driven by the same expression vector in airway epithelial cells. Furthermore, many of the complemented CF cells have been complemented with CFTR cDNA that is only comprised of the |[sim]|4.7 kB open reading frame (ORF) rather that the entire |[sim]|6.2 kB CFTR cDNA comprised of not only the ORF, but also the 3' and 5 ' untranslated regions (UTR). The studies presented describe CF airway epithelial cell culture systems that have been complement with the 4.7 kB and 6.2 kB WT-CFTR as well as the 4.7 kB |[Delta]|F508-CFTR under the regulation of a cytomeglovirus (CMV) promoter and cloned into an episomal expression vector. Several different cell lines that are either homozygous for the |[Delta]|F508 mutation or are compound heterozygotes for the |[Delta]|F508 and Q2X alleles have been developed and evaluated for their ion transport characteristics as it relates to their CFTR expression levels. Of particular note, is the relationship between the degree of |[Delta]|F508-CFTR expression and level of the levels cAMP-dependent Cl transport observed. In one set of cells complemented with the |[Delta]|F508-CFTR that is expressed at levels 5-10 fold higher than those observed for WT-CFTR (6.2kB), appeared to result in |[sim]|25% of cAMP-dependent Cl transport observed for the WT-CFTR. The correlation between the expression of the 6.2 kB or the 4.7 kB WT-CFTR and ion transport appear, at present, to be associated with the plasmid number in the cells. Further studies are underway to more fully correlate the degree of CFTR expression with the ion transport characteristics of the complemented cells. These studies will be important in assessing the degree of transgene expression required to achieve and maintain wild-type function in mutant cells.
High Court quashes interim suspension of doctor awaiting GMC hearing
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A doctor in the United Kingdom who was suspended from practice pending a full hearing by the General Medical Council after she failed to tell the regulator she had been charged with money laundering has won a rare High Court ruling quashing the suspension by the interim orders panel.

The panel, which banned Julianna Sosanya from practice for 18 months, gave no cogent reasons for doing so and had acted unreasonably in thinking suspension was appropriate, said Mr Justice Davis.

Her solicitor, …
Saranac: America's Magic Mountain
Authors: William R. Barclay
Journal: JAMA (1987)

This is the story of Saranac, a village in the Adirondack mountains of New York, which became the home of America's first tuberculosis sanatorium. The author, Robert Taylor, the chief book and art critic of the<i>Boston Globe</i>, relates the history of Saranac over a period of 100 years through biographical sketches of famous people who so-journed there. From among the thousands of people who came to Saranac, he has chosen those who are well-known artists, authors, poets, scientists, or physicians, and it is through their accounts that we learn of the magic of Saranac. The principal figure in this story is Dr Edward Livingstone Trudeau who went to Saranac lake, an area he loved, believing that he would soon die from far-advanced tuberculosis. Instead of dying he recovered and, believing that the area had special curative properties, he established there the first tuberculosis sanatorium in the United States. The
BM-20 * EVALUATION OF RISK FACTORS FOR DEATH WITHIN THREE MONTHS AFTER STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY FOR BRAIN METASTASES
Authors: A. Mohammadi, M. Abbassy, J. Schroeder, S. Missios, P. Elson, L. Angelov, S. Chao, E. Murphy, P. Recinos, J. Yu, J. Suh, G. Barnett, M. Vogelbaum
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

BACKGROUND: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is used commonly for patients with brain metastases (BM) to improve intracranial disease control. However, survival of these patients is most often dictated by the course of their systemic disease, and use of SRS for all patients with BMs is not an appropriate use of limited medical resources. We evaluated prognostic factors which may predict early death (within 90 days) after SRS. METHODS: 1427 patients with BM were treated with SRS at our institution (2000-2012) and their data are maintained in an IRB approved database. 1395 cases were included in this study. The primary end point of the study was mortality within 90 days after first SRS. Multivariate analysis was performed and a predictive model was developed to determine a prognostic index for 90-day mortality. RESULTS: Overall, 53% of patients were female, median age at diagnosis of the primary cancer was 58 years. Multiple BM was observed in 773 patients (55%), 108 patients (8%) had KPS 60 or lower at time of SRS and 1069 patients (77%) had other extra-cranial metastases. 263 patients (19%) died within 90 days after SRS. Multivariate analysis showed that KPS (p < 0.0001), extracranial metastases at SRS (p < 0.0001), number and size of BM (p = 0.003), and prior surgery (p = 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for 90-day mortality. We developed a prognostic model by assigning a weighted score to each significant factor from the multivariate analysis that is proportional to its hazard ratio. The total score for each patient was determined by summation, and four independent prognostic groups could be determined from the total scores. We found that the lowest scoring group had a 44% chance of early mortality versus 4% in highest scoring group (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Prospective validation of this 90-day mortality risk prognostic model may provide a valuable tool for appropriate clinical resource utilization.