tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Coronary plaque composition, macrophage infiltration and tissue factor content in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: P.R. Moreno, A. Murcia, I.F. Palacios, M. Loon, V. Bernardi, J. Lopez-C, J. Chosebro, V. Fuster, J.T. Fallon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Early treatment of anal intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: M. Nathan, M. Sheaff, P. Fox, P. Goon, R. Gilson, C. Lacey
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Simpson and Scholefield did not mention anal cytology and high resolution anoscopy in their review of the diagnosis and management of anal intraepithelial neoplasia and anal cancer.1

High resolution anoscopy detects anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN), analogous to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), and uses the same colposcopic equipment. It has been used most …
US health insurers propose expansion of cover, but plan is widely criticised
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

America's Health Insurance Plans (AHIP) has put forward plans to cover all US children with health insurance within three years and all adults within 10 years. The trade group represents 1300 companies that provide health insurance to more than 200 million US residents. Leading US newspapers have criticised the plan, however. 

The insurers' plan would expand Medicaid, which provides health insurance for poor people and children. It would cover adults who have incomes below the poverty level—$9800 (£5060; €7470) for a single adult—and children in families that earn less than twice that. The poverty level for a …
Secular decline in mortality from coronary heart disease in adults with diabetes mellitus: cohort study
Authors: A. C. Dale, L. J Vatten, T. I. Nilsen, K. Midthjell, R. Wiseth
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Objective To examine trends in fatal coronary heart disease in adults with and without diabetes. Design Cohort study. Setting Two surveys of the Nord-Trøndelag health study (HUNT), a population based study in Norway. Participants 74 914 men and women from the first survey (1984-6) and 64 829 from the second survey (1995-7). Main outcome measure Age specific mortality from coronary heart disease among adults with and without diabetes during two consecutive nine year follow-up periods. Results A total of 2623 men and 1583 women died from coronary heart disease. Mortality rates were substantially lower during the most recent follow-up period: among men aged 70-79 without diabetes, deaths per 1000 person years declined from 16.38 to 8.79 (reduction 48%, 95% confidence interval 39% to 55%) and among women aged 70-79 from 6.84 to 2.68 (62%, 52% to 70%). Among the same age group with diabetes, deaths per 1000 person years in men declined from 38.97 to 17.89 (54%, 32% to 69%) and in women from 28.15 to 11.83 (59%, 37% to 73%). The reduction was more noticeable in age groups younger than 70 at baseline, and less pronounced among people aged 80 or more. Mortality from coronary heart disease was more than twofold higher in people with than without diabetes, with a slightly stronger association in women. The difference in mortality by diabetes status remained almost unchanged from the first to the second survey. Conclusion The strong general reduction in mortality rates from coronary heart disease from the first to the second follow-up period also benefited people with diabetes, but the more than twofold higher mortality from coronary heart disease associated with diabetes persisted over time.
Successful immunotherapy with T-cell epitope peptides of bee venom phospholipase A2 induces specific T-cell anergy in patients allergic to bee venom☆☆☆★★★
Authors: Ulrich Müller, Cezmi A. Akdis, Michael Fricker, Mübeccel Akdis, Thorsten Blesken, Florence Bettens, Kurt Blaser
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)
Penicillin V in Staphylococcal Infections
Authors: J. E. Middleton, J. B. Self
Journal: BMJ (1957)

<h3>Summary</h3> <h3>Background and objectives</h3> Heart failure occurs frequently in end-stage renal disease patients. However, there are no prospective, longitudinal follow-up data on its prevalence, severity, and risk factors in long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. <h3>Design, setting, participants, &amp; measurements</h3> A prospective observational study was conducted in 220 long-term PD patients followed up for 4 years or until death. Echocardiography was obtained at baseline. Primary study end points were heart failure and mortality. <h3>Results</h3> Eighty-six patients had a previous history of heart failure at study entry. The cumulative 4-year survival probability was 37.4% and 64.7% for patients with and without previous heart failure, respectively (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001). During follow-up, 87 patients (40.9%) developed heart failure, of which 53 were recurrence and 34 were new-onset heart failure. Diabetes, background atherosclerotic vascular disease, systolic hypertension, left ventricular (LV) mass index, systolic dysfunction, and hypoalbuminemia were significant risk factors predicting heart failure in the entire cohort. Diabetes and LV mass and volume index were significant predictors of new-onset heart failure. Systolic hypertension, LV volume index, and hypoalbuminemia were significant predictors of recurrent heart failure. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Heart failure is a highly prevalent complication in long-term PD patients and predicts adverse clinical outcomes. More attention should be focused on improving BP and volume control and identifying treatment strategies that effectively lower atherosclerotic burden and reverse LV hypertrophy, remodeling, and systolic dysfunction in PD patients.
An update of the genetic status of the 55 Italian hemochromatosis patients with incomplete or negative HFE genotypes
Authors: Anna Vergani, Alessia Riva, Antonello Pietrangelo, Silvia Fargion, Raffaella Mariani, Paola Trombini, Laura Fossati, Cristina Arosio, Chiara Camaschella, Dario Conte, Alberto Piperno
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)
Notes from Berlin.
Authors: Henry Ling Taylor
Journal: JAMA (1903)

Berlin, August, 1903. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Berlin is a sort of surgical heaven—at least for the surgeon. Where else shall one find so many masters teaching at one time as in and around the old Charité, fast being replaced by the new Charité. Professor König, 70 odd years young, operates every morning at 9:30, and what a ripeness of experience and sobriety of judgment are embodied in his work. Every afternoon at 2 Professor von Bergmann, surrounded by a white cloud of assistants, operates in the Langenbeckhaus. Both men are kindly, benignant and deliberate; both cut to the bone at the first stroke, if there is any bone; both use silk sutures and pour on iodoform by the spoonful. In both clinics the patient is usually anesthetized before the class, and often takes the anesthetic badly, and in both a nervous student not infrequently decorated with fresh facial cross-hatchings—how is
Regulation of HLA class I surface expression requires CD99 and p230/golgin-245 interaction
Authors: Aurore Brémond, Ophélie Meynet, Karim Mahiddine, Sylvie Coito, Mélanie Tichet, Katia Scotlandi, Jean-Philippe Breittmayer, Pierre Gounon, Paul A. Gleeson, Alain Bernard, Ghislaine Bernard
Journal: Blood (2008)
Charging for some treatments is justified only if NHS proves it is efficient, says public
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The UK public remains firmly supportive of the principle that healthcare should be free at the point of use but would support charging for a limited range of treatments and services in the face of growing economic pressure, new research indicates.

Detailed research by the healthcare think tank the King’s Fund and the pollster Ipsos MORI has found that most people steadfastly believe in the principle that access to healthcare should be determined by need and not people’s ability to pay.1

The report, produced after two “deliberative events” in London and Leeds designed to inform and test the public’s views on NHS funding, came after recent research from the King’s Fund showed that the United Kingdom could be spending 20% of its gross domestic …
Genetic Variation in the Inhibin Pathway and Risk of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors
Authors: Mark P. Purdue, Barry I. Graubard, Stephen J. Chanock, Mark V. Rubertone, Ralph L. Erickson, Katherine A. McGlynn
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Gene-knockout studies in mice suggest that INHA, encoding a subunit of gonadotropin-regulating proteins known as inhibins, is a tumor suppressor for testicular stromal cell tumors. It is not known whether genetic variation in the inhibin pathway also influences susceptibility to testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT), the most common testicular cancer in young men. To address this question, we conducted a case-control analysis (577 cases; 707 controls) of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in genes in the inhibin pathway among participants in the U.S. Servicemen's Testicular Tumor Environmental and Endocrine Determinants Study. Thirty-eight tagging SNPs in six genes (INHA, INHBA, INHBB, INHBC, INHBE, and SMAD4) were genotyped. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) relating variant genotypes to TGCT risk were calculated using unconditional logistic regression. Among White subjects, an elevated risk of TGCT was observed for carriers of the T allele of the INHA variant rs2059693 (CT genotype: OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.04–1.71; TT: OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.01–2.52; Ptrend = 0.008). The association with rs2059693 was stronger for nonseminomas, and for teratomas and teratocarcinomas in particular (N = 58; CT: OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 0.89–2.99; TT: OR, 4.54; 95% CI 2.00–10.3; Ptrend = 0.0008). We found no evidence of association with variants in the other investigated genes. These findings suggest that genetic variation in the INHA locus influences TGCT development. [Cancer Res 2008;68(8):3043–8]
Angiostatin is a novel anti-inflammatory factor by inhibiting leukocyte recruitment
Authors: Triantafyllos Chavakis, Athanasios Athanasopoulos, Joong-Sup Rhee, Valeria Orlova, Thomas Schmidt-Wöll, Angelika Bierhaus, Andreas E. May, Ilhan Celik, Peter P. Nawroth, Klaus T. Preissner
Journal: Blood (2004)
The Myeloproliferative Disorders
Authors: Peter J. Campbell, Anthony R. Green
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

The discovery of an identical mutation (V617F) of the JAK2 gene in patients with polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and myelofibrosis — the principal Philadelphia chromosome–negative myeloproliferative disorders — has greatly advanced our understanding of these conditions. This article reviews the legacy of this discovery and how it has changed our view of the origins, interrelations, and management of the myeloproliferative disorders.
Antipyrine clearance per unit volume liver: an assessment of hepatic function in chronic liver disease.
Authors: M Homeida, C J Roberts, M Halliwell, A E Read, R A Branch
Journal: Gut (1979)

Liver size has been estimated clinically and by a non-invasive ultrasound technique in 16 normal subjects, 16 patients with cirrhosis, 10 patients with chronic biliary obstruction, and three patients with primary hepatoma. Antipyrine disposition was also measured in each subject. Hepatomegaly was not clinically detectable until there was approximately a 20% increase in liver size. Additional increases in size correlated significantly with clinical estimates of hepatomegaly. Antipyrine clearance had a three-fold range in normal subjects. Its mean value was significantly reduced in each subgroup of patients with liver disease. However, 48% of patients with liver disease had values within the normal range. In normal subjects there was a significant correlation between antipyrine clearance and liver volume. Thus, intersubject variation in clearance normalised for liver volume was less than clearance alone. Antipyrine clearance normalised for liver volume in patients with liver disease was significantly lower than in normal subjects and there was no overlap with normal subjects. In conclusion, assessment of drug metabolising efficiency per unit volume of liver increased the discrimination in differentiating subjects with normal from abnormal livers.
Quality of Life After Pelvic Radiotherapy or Vaginal Brachytherapy for Endometrial Cancer: First Results of the Randomized PORTEC-2 Trial
Authors: Remi A. Nout, Hein Putter, Ina M. Jürgenliemk-Schulz, Jan J. Jobsen, Ludy C.H.W. Lutgens, Elzbieta M. van der Steen-Banasik, Jan Willem M. Mens, Annerie Slot, Marika C. Stenfert Kroese, Bart N.F.M. van Bunningen, Vincent T.H.B.M. Smit, Hans W. Nijman, Philine P. van den Tol, Carien L. Creutzberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

PURPOSE Studies on quality of life (QOL) among women with endometrial cancer have shown that patients who undergo pelvic radiotherapy report lower role functioning and more diarrhea and fatigue. In the Post Operative Radiation Therapy in Endometrial Cancer (PORTEC) trial, patients with endometrial carcinoma were randomly assigned to receive external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or vaginal brachytherapy (VBT). QOL was evaluated by using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 and subscales from the prostate cancer module, PR-25, and the ovarian cancer module, OV-28. PATIENTS AND METHODS PORTEC-2 accrued 427 patients between 2002 and 2006, of whom 214 were randomly assigned to EBRT, and 213 were randomly assigned to VBT. Three-hundred forty-eight patients (81%) were evaluable for QOL. QOL outcomes were analyzed at a median follow-up of 2 years. Results At baseline after surgery, patient functioning was at the lowest level, and it increased during and after radiotherapy to reach a plateau after 12 months. Patients in the VBT group reported better social functioning (P < .002) and lower symptom scores for diarrhea, fecal leakage, the need to stay close to the toilet, and limitation in daily activities because of bowel symptoms (P < .001). At baseline, 15% of patients were sexually active; this increased significantly to 39% during the first year (P < .001). Sexual functioning and symptoms did not differ between the treatment groups. CONCLUSION Patients who received EBRT reported significantly higher levels of diarrhea and bowel symptoms. This resulted in a higher need to remain close to a toilet and, as a consequence, more limitation of daily activities because of bowel symptoms and decreased social functioning. Vaginal brachytherapy provides a better QOL, and should be the preferred treatment from a QOL perspective.
Hypercalcemia Associated With Oral Isotretinoin in the Treatment of Severe Acne
Authors: John P. Valentic
Journal: JAMA (1983)

ISOTRETINOIN, or 13-<i>cis</i>-retinoic acid, is a derivative of vitamin A that has been found to be of benefit in a number of diseases characterized by abnormal keratinization, including Darier's disease and ichthyosis.<sup>1</sup>It is the most potent inhibitor of sebum secretion known and has been found to be effective in the treatment of severe nodulocystic acne in several trials. Its use has been reported to produce prolonged remission in some patients with severe cystic acne.<sup>2</sup>Although chronic vitamin A intoxication has been associated with hypercalcemia,<sup>3</sup>no similar association has been reported with the use of isotretinoin, to our knowledge. We report herein the occurrence of hypercalcemia in a patient with severe cystic acne treated with oral isotretinoin. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 19-year-old man with a two-year history of progressive, severe nodulocystic acne was seen at the University of California, Irvine Medical Center. The disease
KARYOTYPIC CONVERSION IN Ph1-POSITIVE CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKÆMIA WITH COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY
Authors: J.C Sharp, M.V Joyner, A.W Wayne, J Kemp, M Crofts, A.D.J Birch, G Mcarthur, S Lai, H Sterndale, Y Williams
Journal: The Lancet (1979)
Syphilis rate rises in the US
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Syphilis rates rose sharply in the United States last year, but rates of chlamydia and gonorrhea both fell, a new report by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has shown. 

Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2013 ,1 released by the CDC on 16 December, said that 17 375 cases of primary and secondary syphilis were reported overall in 2013, a rate of 5.5 cases in 100 000 people and a 10% increase from 2012. Men accounted for 91% of cases, and men who have sex with men (MSM) accounted …
A Comparison of Acarbose Versus Metformin as an Adjuvant Therapy in Sulfonylurea-Treated NIDDM Patients
Authors: Miyase Bayraktar, David H Van Thiel, Nezaket Adalar
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of acarbose or metformin treatment used as an adjunct with a sulfonylurea agent in the treatment of NIDDM not adequately controlled with the use of a sulfonylurea agent alone. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Of the poorly controlled female NIDDM patients on sulfonylurea treatment, 18 were randomly selected from the outpatient diabetic clinic for study. For 8 weeks, they received either acarbose (300 mg/daily) or metformin (1,500 mg/daily) in addition to sulfonylurea in a crossover design using a 3-week washout period between treatments. The efficacy of each drug regimen was assessed by measuring the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting and 2-h postprandial blood glucose (PPBG) levels, cholesterol, triglyceride, and fibrinogen levels before and after 8 weeks of therapy. RESULTS The metabolic parameters measured before initiation of either treatment regimen were similar. Mean fasting and 2-h postprandial glucose levels were reduced moderately at the end of 8 weeks of both combination treatments (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Although the fasting and 2-h postprandial plasma insulin and C-peptide and fibrinogen levels at the end of the 8-week treatment periods were lower than those obtained at the beginning of the study, the differences between these values were not statistically significant. Cholesterol levels remained unchanged. Only the 2-h PPBG level in the group using acarbose plus a sulfonylurea was lower than the level achieved by the group using metformin plus a sulfonylurea (8.1 ± 0.8 vs. 9.8 ± 1.0 mmol/l, respectively, P &amp;lt; 0.05). The difference between pre- and posttreatment levels of the 2-h PPBG level in both arms of the study were statistically significant (Δ-acarbose, 5.3 ± 0.4 vs. ff-metformin, 2.9 ± 0.3) (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Specific drug-associated side effects were observed in 12 patients on acarbose and 3 patients on metformin. CONCLUSIONS Acarbose or metformin can be used as effective adjuvant therapies with a sulfonylurea agent in NIDDM patients who are poorly controlled with the sulfonylurea agent alone.
MerTK inhibition in tumor leukocytes decreases tumor growth and metastasis
Authors: Rebecca S. Cook, Kristen M. Jacobsen, Anne M. Wofford, Deborah DeRyckere, Jamie Stanford, Anne L. Prieto, Elizabeth Redente, Melissa Sandahl, Debra M. Hunter, Karen E. Strunk, Douglas K. Graham, H. Shelton Earp
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

MerTK, a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) of the TYRO3/AXL/MerTK family, is expressed in myeloid lineage cells in which it acts to suppress proinflammatory cytokines following ingestion of apoptotic material. Using syngeneic mouse models of breast cancer, melanoma, and colon cancer, we found that tumors grew slowly and were poorly metastatic in MerTK-/- mice. Transplantation of MerTK-/- bone marrow, but not wild-type bone marrow, into lethally irradiated MMTV-PyVmT mice (a model of metastatic breast cancer) decreased tumor growth and altered cytokine production by tumor CD11b+ cells. Although MerTK expression was not required for tumor infiltration by leukocytes, MerTK-/- leukocytes exhibited lower tumor cell-induced expression of wound healing cytokines, e.g., IL-10 and growth arrest-specific 6 (GAS6), and enhanced expression of acute inflammatory cytokines, e.g., IL-12 and IL-6. Intratumoral CD8+ T lymphocyte numbers were higher and lymphocyte proliferation was increased in tumor-bearing MerTK-/- mice compared with tumor-bearing wild-type mice. Antibody-mediated CD8+ T lymphocyte depletion restored tumor growth in MerTK-/- mice. These data demonstrate that MerTK signaling in tumor-associated CD11b+ leukocytes promotes tumor growth by dampening acute inflammatory cytokines while inducing wound healing cytokines. These results suggest that inhibition of MerTK in the tumor microenvironment may have clinical benefit, stimulating antitumor immune responses or enhancing immunotherapeutic strategies.
Death rates from leukaemia are higher than expected in areas around nuclear sites in Berkshire and Oxfordshire
Authors: C. Busby, M. S. Cato
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Editor—As a result of the report that a fire at the United States Air Force base at Greenham Common in 1958 may have caused radioactive contamination near Newbury, Green Audit (Wales) has compared the number of deaths from leukaemia in children aged 14 years and younger from 1981 to 1995 in the Newbury area with that within nearby county districts.

The 1 shows results for the triangular area defined by Oxford, Newbury, and Reading. It is notable that the districts with significantly higher relative risks are those that contain the outfalls for licensed releases of radioisotopes from the nuclear sites at the Atomic …
Circulatory hepcidin is associated with the anti-inflammatory response but not with iron or anemic status in childhood malaria
Authors: Florence Burté, Biobele J. Brown, Adebola E. Orimadegun, Wasiu A. Ajetunmobi, Nathaniel K. Afolabi, Francis Akinkunmi, Olayinka Kowobari, Samuel Omokhodion, Kikelomo Osinusi, Felix O. Akinbami, Wuraola A. Shokunbi, Olugbemiro Sodeinde, Delmiro Fernandez-Reyes
Journal: Blood (2013)
Cellular and humoral immune responses induced by intradermal or intramuscular vaccination with the major hepatitis B surface antigen
Authors: Fareed Rahman, Anja Dahmen, Sabine Herzog-Hauff, Wulf O. Böcher, Peter R. Galle, Hanns F. Löhr
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

The vaccination route may influence the success of immunization against pathogens. The conventional intramuscular (i.m.) application of a vaccine containing the hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) led to protective anti-HBs antibody levels in the majority of vaccine recipients. In this study, we vaccinated healthy volunteers and a group of i.m. vaccine nonresponders via the intradermal (i.d.) route and analyzed the HBV-specific B-cell response as well as class-II- and class-I-restricted T-cell responses by (3)H-thymidine uptake, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT). The results were then compared with i.m. vaccinated controls. I.d. vaccinations were well tolerated and induced neutralizing anti-HBs antibodies in all naive vaccine recipients and, importantly, all but one former i.m. nonresponder developed protective anti-HBs serum antibody levels after 2 or 3 i.d. immunizations. On the cellular level, i.d. vaccine recipients showed significantly higher anti-HBs producing B-cell frequencies and more vigorous class-II-restricted T-helper (Th) cell responses than i.m. controls. However, although the HBsAg-specific T cells were characterized by their cytokine release as Th1-like cells in both groups, human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2+ individuals who received the soluble HBsAg via the i.d. route developed higher peptide-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cell precursor (CTLp) frequencies. In conclusion, i.d. HBsAg vaccination is more effective even in former i.m. vaccine nonresponders with respect to antibody induction and specific B- and T-cell responses. The induction of virus-specific CTLp may provide the rationale to study the i.d. HBsAg vaccine in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B.