tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Calf muscle denervation for intermittent claudication.
Authors: N V Addison
Journal: BMJ (1967)

An outbreak of a febrile illness confined to a local geo- graphical area within a general practice is described.E.C.H.O.virus 30 was isolated from faeces in a majority of cases.The illness was of rapid onset but lasted only a few days, and the principal symptoms included headache, muscle pains and malaise, vomiting, colicky abdominal pain, and photophobia.Evidence that E.C.H.O.virus 30 was of aetiological significance in the series is discussed.Although E.C.H.O.virus 30 has been found only sporadically over the last six years, the results suggest that it is not a new virus and that adults have an immunity to it.We are indebted to the technical staff of the department of virology of the Royal Victoria Infirmary for their help.
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Reduces the Risk of Hospitalizations in Patients With Advanced Heart Failure
Authors: Inder S. Anand, Peter Carson, Elizabeth Galle, Rui Song, John Boehmer, Jalal K. Ghali, Brian Jaski, JoAnn Lindenfeld, Christopher O'Connor, Jonathan S. Steinberg, Jill Leigh, Patrick Yong, Michael R. Kosorok, Arthur M. Feldman, David DeMets, Michael R. Bristow
Journal: Circulation (2009)

In the Comparison of Medical Therapy, Pacing and Defibrillation in Heart Failure (COMPANION) trial, 1520 patients with advanced heart failure were assigned in a 1:2:2 ratio to optimal pharmacological therapy or optimal pharmacological therapy plus cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT-P) or CRT with defibrillator (CRT-D). Use of CRT-P and CRT-D was associated with a significant reduction in combined risk of death or all-cause hospitalizations. Because mortality also was significantly reduced (optimal pharmacological therapy versus CRT-D only), an assessment of the true reduction in hospitalization rates must consider the competing risk of death and varying follow-up times.To overcome the challenges of comparing treatment groups, we used a nonparametric test of right-censored recurrent events that accounts for multiple hospital admissions, differential follow-up time between treatment groups, and death as a competing risk. An end-point committee adjudicated and classified all hospitalizations. Compared with optimal pharmacological therapy, CRT-P and CRT-D were associated with a 21% and 25% reduction in all-cause, 34% and 37% reduction in cardiac, and 44% and 41% reduction in heart failure hospital admissions per patient-year of follow-up, respectively. Similar reductions were seen in hospitalization days per patient-year. The reduction in hospitalization rate for heart failure in the CRT groups appeared within days of randomization and remained sustained. Noncardiac hospitalization rates were not different between groups.Use of CRT with or without a defibrillator in advanced heart failure patients was associated with marked reductions in all-cause, cardiac, and heart failure hospitalization rates in an analysis that accounted for the competing risk of mortality and unequal follow-up time.
Inhibition of Tumor Metastasis by a Growth Factor Receptor Bound Protein 2 Src Homology 2 Domain–Binding Antagonist
Authors: Alessio Giubellino, Yang Gao, Sunmin Lee, Min-Jung Lee, James R. Vasselli, Sampath Medepalli, Jane B. Trepel, Terrence R. Burke, Donald P. Bottaro
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Abstract Metastasis, the primary cause of death in most forms of cancer, is a multistep process whereby cells from the primary tumor spread systemically and colonize distant new sites. Blocking critical steps in this process could potentially inhibit tumor metastasis and dramatically improve cancer survival rates; however, our understanding of metastasis at the molecular level is still rudimentary. Growth factor receptor binding protein 2 (Grb2) is a widely expressed adapter protein with roles in epithelial cell growth and morphogenesis, as well as angiogenesis, making it a logical target for anticancer drug development. We have previously shown that a potent antagonist of Grb2 Src homology-2 domain–binding, C90, blocks growth factor–driven cell motility in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo. We now report that C90 inhibits metastasis in vivo in two aggressive tumor models, without affecting primary tumor growth rate. These results support the potential efficacy of this compound in reducing the metastatic spread of primary solid tumors and establish a critical role for Grb2 Src homology-2 domain–mediated interactions in this process. [Cancer Res 2007;67(13):6012–6]
Mycophenolate mofetil for lupus related myelopathy
Authors: C C Mok
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2005)

Myelopathy is a rare manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The standard treatment consists of high dose corticosteroids and intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide (CYC).1,2 Despite this, our previous experience indicated that half of the patients with lupus related myelopathy did not respond completely to CYC treatment.3 Moreover, toxicities of CYC are of major concern, particularly severe infections and ovarian failure.4 Therefore, less toxic or more effective alternative treatments are needed.

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is a relatively new immunosuppressive agent that has increasingly been used in patients with SLE because of its favourable efficacy and safety.5 Controlled trials have confirmed its efficacy in …
Cambodia---after the killing fields
Authors: V. Nathanson
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The BMA has campaigned in Britain and internationally through the Commonwealth and World Medical Associations for a worldwide ban on landmines for more than three years. As part of this campaign the British Red Cross invited me to visit Cambodia in January.

Bomb craters and cigarette hoardings are the most obvious influences from the developed world. I noticed the many small round ponds in the fields as I flew into Phnom Penh. The water filled bomb craters stand out from the irrigation ponds and are a stark reminder of the frequent fighting around Cambodia's capital over the past 50 years.

I was reminded of France: wide boulevards lined with mature trees; grand decorative houses and civic buildings set back behind ornate cast ironworks. But many are scarred with shell marks and others are decaying. There are many small motorbikes, but few cars, most of which carry the logos of non-governmental organisations or aid agencies.

#### Political snapshot

My first working day began with a visit to the prosthetics factory run by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), where the components, except the rubber feet, are made for all the prosthetic workshops in Cambodia. The local workshops, run by the ICRC and other care providers such as Handicap International, buy centrally and then fit and customise the prostheses for individual patients. Many patients …
SERUM HEPATITIS CONSEQUENT TO THE TRANSFUSION OF BLOOD
Authors: Walter L. Palmer
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Time is required to determine the limitations of even the most brilliant discoveries in medicine. Blood transfusion is no exception. The enthusiastic announcement in 1665 of Richard Lower's demonstration of homologous blood transfusion in dogs contains his own appraisal of its significance: At least it is a comfort to our Nation and credit to our fame that Harvey became pre-eminent by first demonstrating that blood circulated inside the body. That this circulation could be extended outside the body was first discovered by me. Dr. Samuel Pepys perceived the value of Lower's demonstration in a somewhat different light: This did give occasion to many pretty wishes, as the blood of a Quaker to be let into an Archbishop, and such like. Lower's discovery, however, ended in near disaster some 2 years later when the Parisian physician, Denys, encountered a death following transfusion of lamb's blood to one of his patients. Charges
A woman attending for routine review of her chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: H. Pinnock
Journal: BMJ (2009)

A 57 year old woman attended for routine review of her chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complaining that she had recently been more breathless. She was a postal worker and was finding her daily “walk” delivering mail increasingly difficult. She had seen a locum in the practice a few weeks previously who had changed her salmeterol for a combination inhaler containing 100 µg fluticasone and 25 µg salmeterol. The new treatment had not improved her symptoms, and she was worried about the side effects after reading about steroids on the internet. Her records showed that she requested her treatment regularly, and the nurse noticed that she had had two courses of antibiotics and steroids for exacerbations since the diagnosis had been confirmed five years ago. At the previous year’s review she had been given a prescription for nicotine replacement to help her stop smoking. Post-bronchodilator spirometry showed a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of 1.18 litres (40% of predicted) with an FEV1/FVC ratio of 51%. Her MRC (Medical Research Council) dyspnoea score was 3. ### Short answers
AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE CURATIVE ACTION OF PENICILLIN IN ACUTE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
Authors: Mary Ruth Smith, W. Barry Wood
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1956)

Type I pneumococci injected into the leg muscles of otherwise normal mice reached a maximum total population of approximately 10(6) organisms. In mice rendered severely leucopenic by previous irradiation the maximum bacterial counts recorded were of the order of 10(9). Since the lesions in the latter animals were relatively acellular, the thousandfold difference in the two experiments represented a rough measure of the antibacterial action of the leucocytic exudate. The suppressive effect of the leucocytic exudate was shown by histologie studies to involve phagocytosis. The ingestion of pneumococci was clearly demonstrable within the first 12 to 18 hours. Accordingly, it was attributed to surface phagocytosis. In support of this conclusion was the finding that type III pneumococci reached a significantly higher total population in the myositis lesions than did type I. The type III strain used had been previously shown to be resistant to surface phagocytosis during active growth, whereas the type I strain was known to be susceptible throughout its growth phase. Evidence was also presented that the dense leucocytic exudate probably caused in addition a significant degree of bacteriostasis. When penicillin therapy was begun 9 hours after inoculation, the pneumococci were cleared from the lesions with equal rapidity regardless of the presence or absence of leucocytic exudate. At this early stage the pneumococci were multiplying rapidly in the lesions of both the irradiated and unirradiated mice and therefore were promptly killed by the direct action of the penicillin. When the start of treatment was delayed, however, until 24 hours after inoculation, the bacteria in both sets of lesions had already reached their maximum counts and therefore were presumably resistant to the bactericidal effect of the antibiotic. Under such circumstances the destruction of the bacteria was found to be significantly less prompt in the acellular lesions than in those with a normal cellular exudate. It is concluded from these findings that, in established pneumococcal myositis in mice, the curative effect of penicillin is due, not to the bactericidal action of the antibiotic alone, but rather to the combined effect of the drug and the cellular defenses of the host. The same conclusion also appears to be applicable to analogous acute infections in man, particularly when they are sufficiently advanced to be definitively diagnosed.
Ensuring Safe and Effective Medical Devices
Authors: David W. Feigal, Susan N. Gardner, Mark McClellan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Over 8000 new medical devices are marketed in the United States each year. Before marketing, manufacturers of high-risk, or class III, devices provide the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) with scientific clinical evidence that the devices are "safe and effective"; 50 to 80 of these devices receive FDA approval annually. Some 3500 medium-risk (class II) products are approved for marketing by the FDA after the manufacturer has submitted a 510(k) notification. The device must be "substantially equivalent" to an existing marketed device, as demonstrated by product-specific performance requirements or "special controls." Only 8 percent of 510(k) notifications have special controls . . .
Spread of Pertussis by Hospital Staff
Authors: Thomas L. Kurt
Journal: JAMA (1972)

Two separate outbreaks of pertussis occurred within a three-month period on the pediatric units at the University of Colorado Medical Center. Secondary cases developed among adult members of the hospital staff, as well as among pediatric patients. While most adults were only mildly ill, two adults were seriously incapacitated. Pertussis agglutination titers were performed on sera from 341 adults. Results emphasize the susceptibility of adults to pertussis, and suggest that exposure to pertussis is high among pediatric house officers, medical students, and pediatric nurses as compared to the general population. In individual cases, difficulty may be experienced making a firm diagnosis of pertussis with available techniques. This contributed to the late identification of the outbreak, and emphasizes the need for improved reporting systems in hospitals.
Desensitization for Sulfasalazine Skin Rash
Authors: BRYCE H. PURDY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Thirteen patients with inflammatory bowel disease and a documented allergy to sulfasalazine, manifested by skin rash with or without fever, were enrolled in a sulfasalazine-desensitization protocol. Twelve patients were successfully densensitized by using two concentrations of a liquid suspension of sulfasalazine. Four of thirteen patients developed a rash during the protocol. Although one patient refused further attempts at desensitization, the remainder completed the regimen successfully, despite recurrence of the rash on two occasions in one patient. No predilection to either fast or slow acetylator phenotype was found. This simple and convenient tolerance induction regimen may be used safely to desensitize most patients with sulfasalazine allergy manifested by skin rash with or without fever, despite recurrence of the rash during tolerance induction. Patients with serious reactions to sulfasalazine, such as agranulocytosis, toxic epidermal necrolysis, or fibrosing alveolitis, are not candidates for desensitization.
Looking at complementary medicine.
Authors: B. Yung
Journal: BMJ (1989)

emergency caesarean section because of factors such as prolonged rupture of membranes and repeated vaginal examinations are more at risk of infections.2Fifteen patients (50%) in the group receiving prophylactic antibiotics and 23 (56%) of those not receiving prophylaxis had caesarean sections as emergency procedures.Although infection was more common in the patients having emergency operations compared with those having elective surgery, the difference was not significant
Reviews and Notes: Internal Medicine Pearls
Authors: Brendan M. Reilly
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Literature of Medicine15 September 1993Reviews and Notes: Internal Medicine PearlsBrendan M. Reilly, MDBrendan M. Reilly, MDSt. Mary's Hospital, Rochester, NY 14611.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-119-6-199309150-00045 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Internal Medicine PearlsClay B. Marsh, Ernest L. Mazzaferri. 276 pages. Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus; 1993. $35.00.This brief, lively book presents 100 interesting cases, pearls culled from Morning Report at a university hospital. Its authors hope to show that a patient-oriented humanistic approach and state-of-the-art technology are not mutually exclusive. With that estimable purpose in mind, the attentive reader will likely conclude that while the oysters are tasty, the pearls are immature.The book is fun to read. Each case is introduced as a tantalizing vignette, such as A 20-year-old woman with ascites, anemia and slurred speech, or An ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: St. Mary's Hospital, Rochester, NY 14611. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 September 1993Volume 119, Issue 6Page: 543KeywordsAnemiaAscitesElectrocardiographyForecastingMarshesProblem solvingReasoning ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 September 1993 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Use of a viewdata system to collect data from a multicentre clinical trial in anaesthesia.
Authors: H A Waldron, R F Cookson
Journal: BMJ (1984)

The interactive electronic information storage and transmission system PRESTEL was assessed as a method of recording and collecting patient record forms from a multicentre trial in anaesthesia. PRESTEL terminals were provided in anaesthetic centres around Britain and all data handled by this public viewdata service, which connects users by telephone to a central computer. The trial was of a new analgesic supplement, alfentanil, and confirmed more rapid recovery of patients as compared with that after traditional anaesthesia with halothane. Advantages of the system were manifold and included reducing the need for the trial monitor to visit the trialist, an electronic "mailbox," confidentiality, and the ability immediately to identify violations of study protocol. No participant found the system too difficult to use, though the small keyboard was a source of complaint. Despite the initial cost of the system its utility vastly outweighs traditional methods of data collection.
A structural multidisciplinary approach to depression management in nursing-home residents: a multicentre, stepped-wedge cluster-randomised trial
Authors: Ruslan Leontjevas, Debby L Gerritsen, Martin Smalbrugge, Steven Teerenstra, Myrra JFJ Vernooij-Dassen, Raymond TCM Koopmans
Journal: The Lancet (2013)
Tc-99m(V) DMSA Accumulation in Thyroid Amyloidosis
Authors: HITOYA OHTA, HIROTO HATABU, KEIGO ENDO, TORU FUJITA, YASUHIRO IIDA, KANJI KASAGI, JUNJI KONISHI, HAJIME KOTOURA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1991)

Tc-99m(V) DMSA scintigraphy was performed on a patient with secondary thyroid amyloidosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis. There was significant Tc-99m(V) DMSA accumulation in the thyroid.
Research on Humans Published in JAMA
Authors: Perry L. Bartelt
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Baker et al<sup>1</sup>raises some interesting ethical questions. It is not uncommon to perform research laboratory tests on blood drawn for routine medical care on an anonymous basis, as was done in this study. However, we wonder if this is appropriate when dealing with a known contagious and deadly disease such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This action essentially places the interests of the authors and presumably the interests of health care workers above that of the patients, the patients' sexual contacts, and possibly the public. A recent incident in our own center highlights the difficult ethical issues involved. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 35-year-old man with previous homosexual experiences was seen for symptoms consistent with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and, with his permission, the test for HIV antibodies was drawn. By the next day, the patient called to say he had
Can an eye tracker be used as a marker of surgical progress?
Authors: James Youngs, Charles Maxwell-Armstrong, Hyunmi Park, Alastair Gale, Yan Chen
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2013)

This abstract was published as: YOUNGS, J. ... et al., 2013. Can an eye tracker be used as a marker of surgical progress? [abstract 0760]. International Journal of Surgery, 11 (8), p.695.
CONSERVATIVE VERSUS INVASIVE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR RETROPERITONEAL HEMORRHAGE AFTER PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Gabriel Maluenda, Cedric Delhaye, Manuel A. Gonzalez, Itsik Ben-Dor, Michael A. Gaglia, Sara D. Collins, Kohei Wakabayashi, Nicholas N. Hanna, Rebecca Torguson, Zhenyi Xue, William O. Suddath, Lowell F. Satler, Kenneth M. Kent, Joseph Lindsay, Augusto D. Pichard, Nelson L. Bernardo, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
426 Paired measurements of quantitative hepatitis B virus DNA in saliva, urine and serum of chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: A.A. van der Eijk, H.G.M. Niesters, B.E. Hansen, S.D. Pas, H.L.A. Janssen, S.W. Schalm, R.A. de Man
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Comparison of Lifestyle and Structured Interventions to Increase Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness&lt;SUBTITLE&gt;A Randomized Trial&lt;/SUBTITLE&gt;
Authors: Andrea L. Dunn
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Even though the strong association between physical inactivity and ill health is well documented, 60% of the population is inadequately active or completely inactive. Traditional methods of prescribing exercise have not proven effective for increasing and maintaining a program of regular physical activity.To compare the 24-month intervention effects of a lifestyle physical activity program with traditional structured exercise on improving physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and cardiovascular disease risk factors.Randomized clinical trial conducted from August 1, 1993, through July 31, 1997.Sedentary men (n = 116) and women (n = 119) with self-reported physical activity of less than 36 and 34 kcal/kg per day, respectively.Six months of intensive and 18 months of maintenance intervention on either a lifestyle physical activity or a traditional structured exercise program.Primary outcomes were physical activity assessed by the 7-Day Physical Activity Recall and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) by a maximal exercise treadmill test. Secondary outcomes were plasma lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, blood pressure, and body composition. All measures were obtained at baseline and at 6 and 24 months.Both the lifestyle and structured activity groups had significant and comparable improvements in physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness from baseline to 24 months. Adjusted mean changes (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) were 0.84 (95% CI, 0.42-1.25 kcal/kg per day; P<.001) and 0.69 (95% CI, 0.25-1.12 kcal/kg day; P = .002) for activity, and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.18-1.36 mL/kg per minute; P = .01) and 1.34 (95% CI, 0.72-1.96 mL/kg per minute; P<.001) for VO2peak for the lifestyle and structured activity groups, respectively. There were significant and comparable reductions in systolic blood pressure (-3.63 [95% CI, -5.54 to -1.72 mm Hg; P<.001] and -3.26 [95% CI, -5.26 to -1.25 mm Hg; P = .002]) and diastolic blood pressure (-5.38 [95% CI, -6.90 to -3.86 mm Hg; P<.001] and -5.14 [95% CI, -6.73 to -3.54 mm Hg; P<.001) for the lifestyle and structured activity groups, respectively. Neither group significantly changed their weight (-0.05 [95% CI, -1.05 to 0.96 kg; P = .93] and 0.69 [95% CI, -0.37 to 1.74 kg; P = .20]), but each group significantly reduced their percentage of body fat (-2.39% [95% CI, -2.92% to -1.85%; P<.001] and -1.85% [95% CI, -2.41 % to -1.28%; P<.001]) in the lifestyle and structured activity groups, respectively.In previously sedentary healthy adults, a lifestyle physical activity intervention is as effective as a structured exercise program in improving physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and blood pressure.