tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Changes in methacholine induced bronchoconstriction with the long acting beta 2 agonist salmeterol in mild to moderate asthmatic patients.
Authors: H Booth, K Fishwick, R Harkawat, G Devereux, D J Hendrick, E H Walters
Journal: Thorax (1993)

BACKGROUND--Beta-2 agonists protect against non-specific bronchoconstricting agents such as methacholine, but it has been suggested that the protection afforded by long acting beta 2 agonists wanes rapidly with regular treatment. METHODS--The changes in airway responsiveness were investigated during and after eight weeks of regular treatment with salmeterol 50 micrograms twice daily in 26 adult asthmatic patients, 19 of whom were receiving maintenance inhaled corticosteroids. The study was of a randomised, placebo controlled, double blind design. Airway responsiveness to methacholine was measured as PD20 by a standardised dosimeter technique 12 hours after the first dose, at four weeks and eight weeks during treatment (12 hours after the last dose of test medication), and at 60 hours, one week and two weeks after stopping treatment. RESULTS--There were no significant differences between the baseline characteristics of the two groups. A significant improvement in PD20 was seen at all points during treatment with salmeterol compared with the placebo group, with no significant fall off with time. PD20 measurements returned to baseline values after cessation of treatment with no significant difference from the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS--Salmeterol gave significant protection against methacholine induced bronchoconstriction 12 hours after administration. This protection was of small magnitude, but there was no significant attenuation with eight weeks of regular use and no rebound increase in airway responsiveness on stopping treatment in a group of moderate asthmatic patients, the majority of whom were receiving inhaled corticosteroids.
THE TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS IN MYXEDEMA
Authors: CYRUS C. STURGIS
Journal: JAMA (1925)

When Dr. George Murray 1 read his classic paper before the British Medical Association in July, 1891, on the treatment of myxedema by the administration of the thyroid gland of sheep, the medical world in general proclaimed, and quite correctly, that there had been discovered another specific remedy for what had usually been regarded as a hopeless condition. Marvelous as the cure may be in most instances, it is obvious to any one who has observed a group of these patients under treatment over a long period, that even though the diagnosis is correct and the preparation used in treatment is potent, there is often a failure, either partial or complete, to effect a cure. This may be due to several reasons which will be considered later, but undoubtedly the chief cause is the careless administration of a drug which must be given with the greatest exactness in order to
Childhood Lead Exposure in the Palestinian Authority, Israel, and Jordan: Results from the Middle Eastern Regional Cooperation Project, 1996–2000
Authors: Jamal Safi, Alf Fischbein, Sameer El Haj, Ramzi Sansour, Madi Jaghabir, Mohammed Abu Hashish, Hassan Suleiman, Nimer Safi, Abed Abu-Hamda, Joyce K. Witt, Efim Platkov, Steven Reingold, Amber Alayyan, Tamar Berman, Matti Bercovitch, Yogesh Choudhri, Elihu D. Richter
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

In the Middle East, the major sources of lead exposure have been leaded gasoline, lead-contaminated flour from traditional stone mills, focal exposures from small battery plants and smelters, and kohl (blue color) in cosmetics. In 1998-2000, we measured blood lead (PbB) levels in children 2-6 years of age in Israel, Jordan, and the Palestinian Authority (n = 1478), using a fingerstick method. Mean (peak; percentage > 10 microg/dL) PbB levels in Israel (n = 317) , the West Bank (n = 344), Jordan (n = 382) , and Gaza (n = 435) were 3.2 microg/dL (18.2 ; 2.2%) , 4.2 microg/dL (25.7; 5.2%), 3.2 microg/dL (39.3; < 1%) , and 8.6 microg/dL (> 80.0; 17.2%), respectively. High levels in Gaza were all among children living near a battery factory. The findings, taken together with data on time trends in lead emissions and in PbB in children in previous years, indicate the benefits from phasing out of leaded gasoline but state the case for further reductions and investigation of hot spots. The project demonstrated the benefits of regional cooperation in planning and carrying out a jointly designed project.
Severe diabetic microangiopathy with normal glucose tolerance and pituitary infarction.
Authors: R W Bilous, R N Poston, H Keen, G C Viberti
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Blood glucose concentrations in a woman with severe retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy were found to be within the normal range. A high random blood glucose concentration was recorded only once, six months before her initial presentation. At necropsy the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland showed old, extensive infarction. Occult pituitary hypofunction may explain severe diabetic microangiopathy in patients with normal glucose tolerance.
Gender difference in anaerobic capacity: role of aerobic contribution.
Authors: D W Hill, J C Smith
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1993)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of gender on anaerobic and aerobic contributions to high-intensity exercise. A group of 38 subjects (22 women, 16 men) performed modified Wingate tests against resistances of 0.086 kg kg-1 body mass (0.844 N kg-1) for women and 0.095 kg kg-1 body mass (0.932 N kg-1) for men. The aerobic contribution to total work performed was determined from breath-by-breath analyses of expired gases during each test. Total work in 30 s was 30% lower (Student's t test; P < 0.01) in women than men (211 +/- 5 J kg-1 versus 299 +/- 14 J kg-1). Aerobic contribution was only 7% lower (P = 0.12) in women than men (53 +/- 1 J kg-1 versus 57 +/- 2 J kg-1). The anaerobic component of the work performed, determined by subtraction of the aerobic component from total work in 30 s, was 35% lower (P < 0.01) in women than men (158 +/- 5 J kg-1 versus 242 +/- 15 J kg-1). It is concluded that, because women provide a relatively higher (P < 0.01) portion of the energy for a 30-s test aerobically than men (25% versus 20%), total work during a Wingate test actually underestimates the gender difference in anaerobic capacity between women and men.
Pulsed tissue doppler distinguishes difference of longitudinal myocardial function between athletic and hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy
Authors: Maurizio Galdarisi, Antonello D'Andrea, Pio Caso, Debora Di Maggio, Annibale Izzo, Silvana Cicala, Marino Scherillo, Nicola Mininni, Raffaele Calabro', Oreste de Divitiis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Weight to Place on Birth Weight
Authors: Diana B. Petitti
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Most of our knowledge about the correlates of birth weight and perinatal morbidity derives from studies done more than a decade ago. Thus, the effort by Hackman et al to identify previously unrecognized predictors of birth weight and unfavorable pregnancy outcome, reported in this issue ofThe Journal(p 2016), deserves attention. The identification of predictors of birth weight contributes to our understanding of the determination of fetal growth; identification of modifiable factors that cause an unfavorable pregnancy outcome paves the way to intervention. In this context, the current study has two potentially important findings. First, a mother's birth weight was a significant (<i>P</i>&lt;.05) predictor of her infant's birth weight—independent of her height and her pregnancy weight. Second, mothers who themselves weighed 2,000 g or less at birth had a significantly (<i>P</i>&lt;.05) higher percentage of unfavorable pregnancy outcomes compared with mothers who themselves weighed more than 2,000 g
Carcinogenesis of basal cell carcinomas: genetics and molecular mechanisms
Authors: J.P. Lacour
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin is the most common type of cancer in humans. Like squamous cell carcinomas, they are also believed to be ultraviolet (UV)-induced, but several data suggest that some differences might exist in the mechanisms of their UV induction. The originating cells may arise from interfollicular basal cells, hair follicles or sebaceous glands, thus from a deeper zone than the SCC ones, which probably means exposure to different doses or wavelengths of UV. The p53 gene and the patched gene (PTCH) are major targets of UV for BCC induction. Mutations in p53 are present in about 56% of human BCC, even small early lesions. The "UV signature" is observed in 65% of them. Mutations in the PTCH play also a major role in BCC development, being responsible for hereditary BCCs in Gorlin's syndrome, sporadic BCC, and BCCs isolated from xeroderma pigmentosum, although with a lower incidence of "UV signature". Smoothened-activating mutations and PTCH2 mutations are also involved in BCC formation. Transgenic mice overexpressing Smoothened or Sonic hedgehog in the skin spontaneously produce skin lesions resembling human BCCs, but contrary to findings in the hairless albino mouse and with SCC, no data on experimental UV induction of BCCs are available.
A non-glycosylated form of pulmonary surfactant protein A appears in rat amniotic fluid
Authors: K Sakai, T Kohri, MN Kweon, Y Kishino
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1994)

Surfactant protein A (SP-A) is a family of glycoproteins that have a triplet with 26, 32 and 36 kDa under reducing conditions in rat lung. We wanted to evaluate the SP-A forms in amniotic fluid of pregnant rats compared to those found in rat lungs. By Western blot analysis, glycosylated SP-A, was not found in the amniotic fluid in contrast to the pulmonary surfactant triplet SP-A, which comprises a 26 kDa protein and its glycosylated 32 and 36 kDa forms. The SP-A concentration in amniotic fluid was barely detectable at 18 days of gestation (20 +/- 12 ng.ml-1), and then increased and reached 700 +/- 333 ng.ml-1 at the final gestational day 21, as determined by an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. Immunohistochemically, SP-A was found in some epithelial cells of larger respiratory bronchi, but not, or to a lesser degree, in smaller respiratory bronchi at gestational day 18. At 21 days of gestation, SP-A was detected in bronchial and bronchiolar nonciliated epithelial Clara cells, alveolar epithelial type II cells and some alveolar macrophages. The ratio of the 26, 32 and 36 kDa SP-A forms in bronchoalveolar, bronchobronchiolar and tracheal lavage fluids prepared from adult rats was 6:29:65, 84:5:11 and 100:0:0, respectively. These findings show the presence of a non-glycosylated SP-A in rat amniotic fluid. This may reflect the increased ratio of non-glycosylated SP-A to bronchoalveolar, bronchobronchiolar and tracheal lavage fluids, respectively.
Critical role of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) in acute vascular inflammation
Authors: Guoqi Zhang, Li Yang, Gab Seok Kim, Kieran Ryan, Shulin Lu, Rebekah K. O’Donnell, Katherine Spokes, Nathan Shapiro, William C. Aird, Michael J. Kluk, Kiichiro Yano, Teresa Sanchez
Journal: Blood (2013)
Report of the Woman's Auxiliary
Authors: Harlan English
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Progression of liver fibrosis in women infected with hepatitis C: Long-term benefit of estrogen exposure
Authors: Mical Campbell, Yu‐Xiao Yang, K. Rajender Reddy
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

We read with interest the paper by Di Martino et al. published in the December 2004 issue of HEPATOLOGY1 that examines estrogen-related effects on hepatitis C fibrosis. Specifically, progression of hepatitis C fibrosis was correlated with prior pregnancies, menopausal status, past use of oral contraceptives, and hormone replacement therapy. Hepatitis C–infected women who completed a survey and had previously undergone liver biopsy were eligible for the study. The investigators calculated a rate of progression of fibrosis, dividing fibrosis stage (in Metavir units) by years of hepatitis C infection. This approach has been used previously in a self-described cross-sectional study.2 The present study is labeled a "retrospective cohort study," although it would be better characterized as a cross-sectional study. Information from a single survey was correlated with results from a single liver biopsy. Patients were not followed by repeated biopsies or repeated surveys over time. The distinction between cohort and cross-sectional is not merely semantic in this case. Figures 3 and 4 are Kaplan-Meier curves for the development of significant fibrosis in "cohorts" of hepatitis C patients. Kaplan-Meier curves depend on the precise knowledge of when a patient in a cohort develops significant fibrosis. For example, a patient with a biopsy showing stage 4 fibrosis and 20 years of disease duration would be plotted on a Kaplan-Meier curve as having developed significant fibrosis (stage 2) after 20 years' disease duration. Without a prior biopsy, it is not known at what time the patient actually developed stage 2 fibrosis. To address the impossibility of accurate censoring, the authors could have back-extrapolated to estimate time to development of stage 2 fibrosis, assuming linear progression of fibrosis. The problem with that approach is that it involves using a calculated result to generate primary data—for re-analysis. In short, even though the investigators describe a rate of progression of fibrosis, the data do not truly describe a cohort. Statistical methods generally reserved for cohort studies cannot be applied easily to cross-sectional data. Mical Campbell*, Yu-Xiao Yang* , K. Rajender Reddy*, * Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, Department of Medicine and Clinical Center for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
Twice Weekly Tuberculosis Chemotherapy
Authors: Walter Miller
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In a recent Journal article, Hudson and Sbarbaro reported their results in Denver with posthospital treatment of unreliable tuberculosis patients at a special twice-weekly "shot clinic" (223:139, 1973). They noted a "failed appointment rate" of only 4.5% with only one relapse occurring during the period of outpatient chemotherapy. In a 1969 statement by the Committee on Therapy of the American Thoracic Society, it was noted that "there has not as yet been enough data on the results of intermittent chemotherapy to warrant its widespread use without caution. Unexpected regional differences in the response to intermittent regimens or in the acceptability of such regimens may be encountered. It is therefore the responsibility of every center which uses intermittent therapy to evaluate its results carefully and to share this information with others" (<i>Am Rev Resp Dis</i>150:257, 1969). Pilot experience with intermittent chemotherapy for unreliable tuberculosis patients is sufficiently different
Treatment strategy for early gastric cancer with the risk of pyloric stenosis after endoscopic resection
Authors: S. Abe, H. Kondo, T. Sumiyoshi, T. Mizushima, M. Sugawara, Y. Shimizu, S. Okushiba
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

We read with great interest the study by Dr. Coda and his colleagues, "Risk factors for cardiac or pyloric stenosis after endoscopic submucosal dissection, and efficacy of endoscopic balloon dilation treatment," regarding early gastric cancer (EGC) [1].
Herpes zoster in seven disparate dermatomes (zoster multiplex): Report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Ann Q Vu, Michael A Radonich, Peter W Heald
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (1999)

Noncontiguous multidermatomal herpes zoster is very rare in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised persons. Most of the reported cases have been limited to 2 noncontiguous dermatomes. This unique presentation has been referred to as zoster duplex unilateralis or bilateralis, depending on whether one or both halves of the body are involved. Granulomatous dermatitis at sites of herpes zoster scars, a rare isotopic response, has only been reported in persons with contiguous dermatomes of zoster. We describe an immunocompromised patient who developed herpes zoster in 7 disparate dermatomes. Three months after resolution of the zoster, the patient developed a granulomatous dermatitis in a zosteriform distribution at the sites of previous infection. (J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;40:868-9.)
Dendritic Integration in Mammalian Neurons, a Century after Cajal
Authors: Rafael Yuste, David W Tank
Journal: Neuron (1996)

The role of dendrites in neuronal signal processing has been a topic of research for more than a century. Early work started with Cajal's original postulate that dendrites constitute the input side of the neuron and culminated in the idea that dendrites are passive cables. Later studies, however, showed that dendrites could produce action potentials.
BASAL STENOSIS RESISTANCE INDEX AND INSTANTANEOUS WAVE–FREE RATIO HAVE THE SAME DIAGNOSTIC PERFORMANCE AS FRACTIONAL FLOW RESERVE TO DETECT MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA USING MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING
Authors: Tim van de Hoef, Martijn Meuwissen, Sayan Sen, Froukje Nolte, Michiel Voskuil, Steven AJ Chamuleau, Maria Siebes, Jan Tijssen, Jos AE Spaan, Justin Davies, Jan Piek
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Differential sensitivity of atrial and ventricular KATP channels to metabolic inhibition
Authors: S Poitry
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2003)

The aim is to compare the activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K(ATP) channels) in intact and metabolically impaired atrial and ventricular myocytes.The K(ATP) channel current is measured by whole cell and gramicidin-perforated patch clamp recordings in 164 cultured neonate rat cardiomyocytes.In whole cell recordings with 84 micromol/l ADP in pipette, spontaneous activity is significantly higher in atrium than ventricle, and EC(50) for the K(ATP) channel opener diazoxide is 0.13 micromol/l (atrium) versus 3.1 micromol/l (ventricle). With an ATP-regenerating system in pipette, EC(50) for diazoxide is 19.7 micromol/l (atrium) versus 54.9 micromol/l (ventricle). In gramicidin-perforated patch recordings, atrial myocytes respond significantly to 100 nmol/l of the mitochondrial protonophore CCCP, while ventricular myocytes do not. EC(50) for diazoxide is 129 micromol/l (atrium) versus >2500 micromol/l (ventricle) for myocytes exposed to CCCP, and 676 versus >2500 micromol/l, respectively, without CCCP.(1) K(ATP) channels are significantly more sensitive to metabolic inhibition in atrial than ventricular myocytes. (2) Sensitivity of atrium versus ventricle to the channel opener diazoxide increases from 3:1 to > or = 24:1 with ADP or metabolic inhibition. If extended to intact hearts, the results would predict a higher atrial sensitivity to ischemia, and a high sensitivity of the ischemic atrium to K(ATP) channel openers.
THE PERONEAL TENDON AS A TRANSPLANT
Authors: M. S. Henderson
Journal: JAMA (1918)

In certain injuries to the hand, the tendons may be divided. The patient may not present himself for some months after the injury, and the surgeon is then confronted with a great gap to be bridged between the ends of the tendon. Fascia lata removed from the thigh has been used with some success to make up this deficiency. Occasionally, the patellar ligament is accidentally divided and there is lack of extension power with the consequent "flop" knee. In two cases, one in which the hand was involved, and the other the knee, we removed a large piece of the peroneus longus and used it as a free transplant. In the knee the result was all that could be desired; the operation on the hand is too recent to justify the drawing of conclusions; however, the wound healed by first intention. I have not seen in the literature any reference
Mesangial cell expression of proto-oncogene Ets-1 during progression of mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis
Authors: Ute Raffetseder, Nico Wernert, Tammo Ostendorf, Claudia van roeyen, Thomas Rauen, Peter Behrens, Jurgen Floege, Peter R. Mertens
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
Immunosuppressive Serum Factors in Viral Hepatitis. III. Prognostic Relevance of Rosette Inhibitory Factor and Serum Inhibition Factor in Acute and Chronic Hepatitis
Authors: Wolfgang Grauer, Norbert W. Brattig, Hans Schomerus, Gerd FrÖSner, Peter A. Berg
Journal: Hepatology (1984)

Two immunosuppressive serum factors, serum inhibition factor (SIF) and rosette inhibitory factor (RIF), were studied in sera from patients with acute and chronic viral hepatitis. In a study of 30 patients with acute viral hepatitis, an association was found between RIF, SIF, and biochemical and virological parameters in 27 patients (90%), 25 of whom recovered completely; two had a protracted course. In three patients, the clinical course was not reflected by the immunosuppressive factors. In 26 patients with chronic persistent hepatitis, 3 had RIF and 7 had SIF of low activity. In patients with HBsAg-positive and -negative chronic active hepatitis, 32 of 47 had RIF and 24 had SIF. SIF activity was significantly increased in HBsAg positive as compared to -negative cases. There was no correlation between RIF and SIF activity at any stage of viral hepatitis. Although SIF was demonstrated in patients with various infectious and other inflammatory diseases, RIF was infrequently detected in nonviral liver disorders, and was not present in any of the nonhepatic diseases tested. It was confirmed that RIF is associated with the β-lipoprotein fraction. RIF was easily separated from SIF by density gradient ultracentrifugation. The evaluation of SIF and RIF may be helpful in determining the outcome of acute viral hepatitis. In chronic hepatitis, RIF was a better indicator of disease activity than was SIF. These clinical data support previous findings that SIF may be related to the immune response whereas RIF is associated with liver cell damage.