tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Disease progression in COPD correlates with airway remodelling and inflammatory responses
Authors: P Ruparelia
Journal: Thorax (2004)

▴ Hogg JC, Chu F, Utokaparch S, et al . The nature of small-airway obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med2004;350:2645–53. [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] In this study the lung tissue obtained from surgical resection in 159 patients was examined to correlate pathological findings in the small airways with the severity of COPD using the GOLD classification. The percentage of airways … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNew%2BEngland%2BJournal%2Bof%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DNEJM%26rft.issn%253D0028-4793%26rft.aulast%253DHogg%26rft.auinit1%253DJ.%2BC.%26rft.volume%253D350%26rft.issue%253D26%26rft.spage%253D2645%26rft.epage%253D2653%26rft.atitle%253DThe%2BNature%2Bof%2BSmall-Airway%2BObstruction%2Bin%2BChronic%2BObstructive%2BPulmonary%2BDisease%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1056%252FNEJMoa032158%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15215480%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1056/NEJMoa032158&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=15215480&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fthoraxjnl%2F59%2F9%2F793.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000222199000005&link_type=ISI
Neonatal activation of the nuclear receptor CAR results in epigenetic memory and permanent change of drug metabolism in mouse liver
Authors: Wei-Dong Chen, Xianghui Fu, Bingning Dong, Yan-Dong Wang, Steven Shiah, David D. Moore, Wendong Huang
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Aberrant epigenetic alterations during development may result in long-term epigenetic memory and have a permanent effect on the health of subjects. Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is a central regulator of drug/xenobiotic metabolism. Here, we report that transient neonatal activation of CAR results in epigenetic memory and a permanent change of liver drug metabolism. CAR activation by neonatal exposure to the CAR-specific ligand 1,4-bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)] benzene (TCPOBOP) led to persistently induced expression of the CAR target genes Cyp2B10 and Cyp2C37 throughout the life of exposed mice. These mice showed a permanent reduction in sensitivity to zoxazolamine treatment as adults. Compared with control groups, the induction of Cyp2B10 and Cyp2C37 in hepatocytes isolated from these mice was more sensitive to low concentrations of the CAR agonist TCPOBOP. Accordingly, neonatal activation of CAR led to a permanent increase of histone 3 lysine 4 mono-, di-, and trimethylation and decrease of H3K9 trimethylation within the Cyp2B10 locus. Transcriptional coactivator activating signal cointegrator-2 and histone demethylase JMJD2d participated in this CAR-dependent epigenetic switch. Conclusion: Neonatal activation of CAR results in epigenetic memory and a permanent change of liver drug metabolism. (Hepatology 2012)
Sound on sex?
Authors: J Owen
Journal: BMJ (1994)

After the Christmas parties, the gynae clinic. The 1994 diary is cracked open for the first urgent cases of the new year. My weekly operating list is on a Monday and the bank holidays have wrought their usual havoc with the theatre schedules. Still, the post-festive terminations have to be fitted in somehow.

Year after year, this traditional scene doesn't change. Despite papers in the BMJ showing how other countries reduce their rates of unwanted pregnancy, despite well intentioned targets in The Health of the Nation and despite fact filled reports from royal colleges, the teenage girls keep shuffling in. This …
THE RELATION OF PROTEIN, LIPOIDS AND SALTS TO THE WASSERMANN REACTION
Authors: Hideyo Noguchi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1909)

1. The high value in respect to complement-binding exhibited by blood sera from syphilitics and spinal fluids from general paralytics is associated with an excessively high content of globulin, but there does not exist a direct quantitative relation between the two. Cases of secondary syphilis which have been under prolonged and proper medication do not exhibit the globulin increase and usually fail to give the Wassermann reaction. The active substances entering into the Wassermann reaction are precipitable with the globulin and chiefly with the euglobulin fraction of the fluids. 2. Temperatures of 70 degrees to 76 degrees C. destroy the active substances. Exposed to sunlight the active substances deteriorate slowly. A photodynamic substance such as eosin, under the direct influence of the sun, brings about their complete and rapid destruction. This effect does not occur in the dark. The active substances are subject to tryptic and peptic digestion and are destroyed by weak acids and alkalies. 3. The active substances in the blood sera and spinal fluids cannot be separated from them or from the globulin precipitate by alcohol. 4. There are contained in the alcoholic extracts of normal and syphilitic blood and organs certain acetone-soluble lipoids which possess high antigenic values for the Wasserman reaction. Cholesterin is inactive and the bile salts less active than the lipoidal bodies. 5. Sodium cholate is about as active as sodium taurocholate and glycocholate, but neurin and cholin are inactive.
Linear immunoglobulin A (IgA) bullous dermatosis of childhood: identification of the target antigens and study of the cellular sources
Authors: Y. YAMANE, H. SATO, K. HIGASHI, H. YAOITA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

A 4-year-old girl developed numerous tense blisters on the body. The blisters healed without scarring. Histopathological and immunofluorescence studies showed findings consistent with linear immunoglobulin A (IgA) bullous dermatosis of childhood. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed deposition of IgA in the lamina lucida of the basement membrane zone of the dermal-epidermal junction. Circulating IgA autoantibody was positive at the titre of 1 : 128 and recognized the antigens located on epidermal sites of 1 mol/l NaCl-split skin. Immunofluorescence staining of cultured normal human fibroblasts and cultured DJM-1 cells (derived from human squamous cell carcinoma of skin) with the patient's sera demonstrated that both of these cells synthesize the antigens in vitro, although fibroblasts produce the antigens more abundantly. When DJM-1 cells were injected intracutaneously into nude mice, the antigens recognized by the sera were present mainly around the tumour cell islands in a linear pattern, while the dermal-epidermal junction of mouse skin was negative, suggesting that epidermal cells may contribute directly to synthesis and deposition of the antigens at the basement membrane. By immunoprecipitation using cultured normal human fibroblasts, the patient's sera could precipitate at least two specific molecules at 100-kDa and 145-kDa molecular weight.
Slow Pathway Ablation in Patients With Documented but Noninducible Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia
Authors: FRANK BOGUN, BRADLEY KNIGHT, RAUL WEISS, MARWAN BAHU, RAJIVA GOYAL, MARK HARVEY, EMILE DAOUD, K.CHING MAN, S.ADAM STRICKBERGER, FRED MORADY
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Surgical Tourism: Some US Patients Travel Abroad for Less Costly Surgery
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2009)

a large randomized trial might be able to achieve, she said. However, she said, an observational study might be preferable to a randomized trial under certain circumstances: when patients are too ill to be randomized, when no acceptable alternate therapy exists, when patients or their families decline to participate in a randomized trial, or when a disorder is so rare that it affects too few individuals to randomize. In such cases, an observational investigation might not produce the best data, she said, “but it gives you larger numbers of patients, so you don’t base decisions on 1 or 2 patients.” Sedrakyan suggested that a good combination of observational and randomized trials is essential. “We need to do a really good job of identifying those questions in surgery that are pragmatically good candidates for clinical study using randomized trials and those that are good candidates for observational investigations,” he said.
Revolutionists Among the Chicago Demonstrators
Authors: PAUL R. MILLER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1970)

The author compared the characteristics of 19 self-designated "revolutionists" arrested during the 1968 Democratic National Convention with those of 88 nonrevolutionary activists. While the revolutionists talked a great deal about overthrowing the established government, there was no evidence that they were plotting an insurrection or going underground. The author believes that such revolutionists are part of a much larger youthful group that is in revolt against the prevailing American life style and values and that we need techniques other than repression to respond to this youth culture.
CysLT1 Receptor Signaling Induces Transcriptional Upregulation of Proprotein Convertase Furin Expression: Potential Implications in Airway Remodeling
Authors: M. Rola-Pleszczynski, C. Thompson, S. McMahon, Y. Bossé, C.M. Dubois, J. Stankova
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
Lower respiratory tract symptoms in Queensland schoolchildren: risk factors for wheeze, cough and diminished ventilatory function.
Authors: D L Duffy, C A Mitchell
Journal: Thorax (1993)

BACKGROUND--The occurrence of respiratory symptoms and abnormal lung function in children is known to be influenced by genetic and many environmental factors. The association between specific respiratory symptoms in children of school age and their parents has been examined. METHODS--Respiratory symptoms and ventilatory function were recorded for 4549 schoolchildren in Queensland, Australia. RESULTS--The cumulative prevalence of wheezing was 23.1% of 8 year olds and 20.8% of 12 year olds, and the prevalence of wheezing within the previous 12 months was 13.9% and 10.5% respectively. A parental history of asthma or wheeze and hayfever was associated with wheeze in the child, but did not affect either the age of onset or frequency of episodes. A history of frequent cough in children who had never wheezed was associated with a parental history of frequent bronchitis, but less strongly with parental wheeze. These familial aggregations were not mediated by common exposure to cigarette smoke. Both a history of parental wheeze and maternal cigarette use were associated with a decrease in FEF25-75 in the child and these effects were additive. CONCLUSIONS--The association of specific symptoms (wheeze and cough without wheeze) in parent and offspring is interpreted as evidence for different mechanisms of familial transmission, which may be genetic.
The effects of Pycnogenol® on colon anastomotic healing in rats given preoperative irradiation
Authors: K. Cumhur Değer, Ahmet Şeker, İlter Özer, E. Birol Bostancı, Tahsin Dalgıç, Müge Akmansu, Özgür Ekinci, Uğur Erçin, Ayşe Bilgihan, Musa Akoğlu
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2013)
Vitamin-D Synthesis and Metabolism after Ultraviolet Irradiation of Normal and Vitamin-D-Deficient Subjects
Authors: John S. Adams, Thomas L. Clemens, John A. Parrish, Michael F. Holick
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

THE beneficial effects of sunlight in the treatment and prevention of rickets and osteomalacia have been recognized for over 60 years.1 However, little is known about the sequential changes in the serum concentrations of vitamin D and its metabolites after a single exposure to sunlight. In an attempt to understand these events, we monitored changes in serum concentrations of vitamin D and its metabolites, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2-D), over a three-week period in normal subjects and vitamin-D-deficient patients, before and after whole-body exposure to various doses of ultraviolet radiation (UVR). We found that exposure to . . .
Assessment of Coronary Arterial Restenosis With Phase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measurements of Coronary Flow Reserve
Authors: W. Gregory Hundley, L. David Hillis, Craig A. Hamilton, Robert J. Applegate, David M. Herrington, Geoffrey D. Clarke, Gregory A. Braden, Mark S. Thomas, Richard A. Lange, Ronald M. Peshock, Kerry M. Link
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —After successful percutaneous coronary arterial revascularization, 25% to 60% of subjects have restenosis, a recurrent coronary arterial narrowing at the site of the intervention. At present, restenosis is usually detected invasively with contrast coronary angiography. This study was performed to determine if phase-contrast MRI (PC-MRI) could be used to detect restenosis noninvasively in patients with recurrent chest pain after percutaneous revascularization. Methods and Results —Seventeen patients (15 men, 2 women, age 36 to 77 years) with recurrent chest pain &gt;3 months after successful percutaneous intervention underwent PC-MRI measurements of coronary artery flow reserve followed by assessments of stenosis severity with computer-assisted quantitative coronary angiography. The intervention was performed in the left anterior descending coronary artery in 15 patients, one of its diagonal branches in 2 patients, and the right coronary artery in 1 patient. A PC-MRI coronary flow reserve value ≤2.0 was 100% and 82% sensitive and 89% and 100% specific for detecting a luminal diameter narrowing of ≥70% and ≥50%, respectively. Conclusions —Assessments of coronary flow reserve with PC-MRI can be used to identify flow-limiting stenoses (luminal diameter narrowings &gt;70%) in patients with recurrent chest pain in the months after a successful percutaneous intervention.
TEMPORAL TRENDS IN INCIDENCE OF VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS AND ASSOCIATION OF VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS WITH OUTCOMES IN ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Prakash Harikrishnan, Tanush Gupta, Dhaval Kolte, Chandrasekar Palaniswamy, Sahil Khera, Wilbert Aronow, Marjan Mujib, Diwakar Jain, Sachin Sule, Gregg Fonarow, Ali Ahmed, William Frishman, Howard Cooper, Jason Jacobson, Sei Iwai, Julio Panza
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2015)
THE FUNCTIONAL VALUE OF NEWLY FORMED CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Authors: Paul A. Lewis, H. S. Newcomer
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1919)

1. A method has been revived which enables the connective tissue factor in wound healing to be studied quantitatively. 2. It has been found that the functional value of connective tissue formed in response to traumatism as represented by its tensile strength varies widely in different animals. 3. It is suggested that the method may find application in the study of extraneous influences which may affect wound healing either through local or systemic application. 4. It has been determined that there is no parallelism between an active connective tissue response to traumatism and natural resistance to inoculation tuberculosis in the rabbit.
Roche replies to the authors of the Cochrane Review on oseltamivir
Authors: J. Smith
Journal: BMJ (2009)

We would like to respond to some of the issues raised with regard to the Cochrane Review on oseltamivir published in this issue of the BMJ .1

We were not provided with this article in advance to allow detailed comment, but we understand from correspondence with Dr T Jefferson of the review team that it may omit from its assessment data that show the efficacy and safety of this drug—namely, a meta-analysis of 10 studies published in 2003.2 This review indicated that oseltamivir treatment reduces lower respiratory tract infections and hospitalisations in both healthy and “at risk” adults with flu illness. The publication is one of numerous data sources supporting the efficacy and safety of the drug, including a pooled analysis by Singh et al,3 studies from Hong Kong4 and Canada5 showing a reduction in mortality, evidence of efficacy from claims database studies,6 7 8 a brief review of evidence of efficacy …
366. Suicide Gene Therapy of Glioma Using Genetically Engineered Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Hiroki Namba, Shaoyi Li, Tsutomu Tokuyama, Junkoh Yamamoto, Naoki Yokota
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

We tested anti-tumor activity of genetically engineered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from the human adult bone marrow against glioma cells. MSCs were transduced with the herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase gene (MSCtk cells) and mixed with various glioma cell lines (two human glioma cell lines, A-172 and T98G and C6 rat glioma cell line) and examined in vitro and in vivo bystander tumoricidal effect. When cultured under the presence of ganciclovir (GCV), a complete tumor growth inhibition was observed in all cell lines. Nude mice were implanted into the brain with a mixture of MSCtk and glioma cells and administered with GCV or physiological saline (PS). In the PS group, a large tumor developed and all mice died of tumor in 3 weeks. When implanted with a mixture of MSCtk and human glioma cells and treated with GCV, no tumors were observed and mice survived more than 100 days due to a potent tumoricidal bystander effect between MSCtk and tumor cells. Even in the mice implanted with MSCtk and rat glioma cells, 2 out of 6 mice survived. In our previous rat study, we demonstrated an established glioma was successfully treated with genetically engineered neural stem cells. In the present study, we demonstrated that MSCtk cells also had a similar anti-tumor activity as the neural stem cells. Therefore, "MSCtk therapy" using MSCs that can be easily obtained from adult human bone marrow will be a feasible and promising strategy for therapy of malignamt gliomas, which are fatal at the present time.
Conal anatomy in 119 patients with d-loop transposition of the great arteries and ventricular septal defect: An echocardiographic and pathologic study
Authors: Luciano Pasquini, Stephen P. Sanders, Ira A. Parness, Steven D. Colan, Stella Van Praagh, John E. Mayer, Richard Van Praagh
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1993)
Diagnosis of susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia with flanking DNA markers.
Authors: S J Healy, J J Heffron, M Lehane, D G Bradley, K Johnson, T V McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Plasma adenosine levels are elevated in cardiovascular disease including hypertension and heart failure, and the nucleoside has been proposed to serve as an endogenous antimyocardial remodeling factor. We studied the modulation of phenylephrine-induced hypertrophy by adenosine receptor activation in isolated neonatal cultured ventricular myocytes. Phenylephrine (10 μM) increased cell size by 35% and significantly increased expression of atrial natriuretic peptide. These effects were reduced by the stable adenosine analog 2-chloroadenosine and were completely blocked by the adenosine A<sub>1</sub> receptor agonist <i>N</i><sup>6</sup>-cyclopentyladenosine (1 μM), the A<sub>2A</sub> receptor agonist 2-<i>p</i>-(2-carboxyethyl)-phenethylamino-5′-<i>N</i>-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (100 nM), and the A<sub>3</sub> receptor agonist <i>N</i><sup>6</sup>-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5′–methyluronamide (100 nM). The antihypertrophic effects of all three agonists were completely reversed by their respective antagonists. Phenylephrine significantly up-regulated expression of the immediate early gene c<i>-fos</i> especially within the first 30 min of phenylephrine treatment. These effects were almost completely inhibited by all adenosine receptor agonists. Although phenylephrine also induced early stimulation of both p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase, these responses were unaffected by adenosine agonists. The expression of the G-protein regulatory factors RGS2 and RGS4 were increased by nearly 3-fold by phenylephrine treatment although this was completely prevented by adenosine receptor agonists. These agents also blocked the ability of phenylephrine to up-regulate Na/H exchange isoform 1 (NHE1) expression in hypertrophied myocytes. Thus, our results demonstrate an antihypertrophic effect of adenosine acting via multiple receptor subtypes through a mechanism involving down-regulation of NHE1 expression. The ability to prevent regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) up-regulation further suggests that adenosine receptor activation minimizes signaling which leads to hypertrophic responses.
The Clinical Measurement of Retinal Arterial Pressure
Authors: RICHARD B. PERRY, JOHN C. ROSE
Journal: Circulation (1958)

The determination of retinal diastolic arterial pressure by ophthalmodynamometry is described. In both normal and hypertensive subjects there was an average difference of 20 mm. Hg between retinal and brachial arterial diastolic pressures. The clinical usefulness of this procedure was demonstrated in patients with obstructive lesions in the internal carotid artery.
Variations of the perforin gene in patients with autoimmunity/lymphoproliferation and defective Fas function
Authors: R. Clementi, A. Chiocchetti, G. Cappellano, E. Cerutti, M. Ferretti, E. Orilieri, I. Dianzani, M. Ferrarini, M. Bregni, C. Danesino, V. Bozzi, M. C. Putti, F. Cerutti, A. Cometa, F. Locatelli, R. Maccario, U. Ramenghi, U. Dianzani
Journal: Blood (2006)
Prostatic Metastases versus Polycythemia on Bone Imaging
Authors: James D. Birchall, R Angus OʼConnor
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

A 61-year-old man with adenocarcinoma of the prostate discovered incidentally at transurethral resection (Gleason grade 8, prostatic-specific antigen [PSA], 3.2 μg/L) was referred for a Tc-99 m MDP whole-body scintigraph before a course of radical radiotherapy. The scintigraph revealed markedly increased uptake in the shoulders, hips, knees, and ankles in a predominantly periarticular distribution. Diffuse marrow infiltration with tumor was suspected and spinal magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated diffuse signal change throughout the thoracic and lumbar spine, which was felt to be consistent with nonspecific marrow infiltration of uncertain cause. Repeated measurement of the PSA was 0.2 μg/L. In view of the repeat PSA value, tumor infiltration was thought to be unlikely. The marked periarticular epiphyseal uptake was suggestive of extramedullary hematopoiesis, and further review of the patient's medical record revealed controlled polycythemia rubra vera with splenomegaly. The scintigraphic and magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities were therefore felt to be the result of an unrelated chronic hematologic disorder and bone marrow biopsy was not performed. The patient went on to receive radical prostatic radiotherapy.
New Unsweetened Truths About Sugar
Authors: Laura A. Schmidt
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

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