tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Radioaerosol Ventilation Imaging in Ventilator-dependent Patients Technical Considerations
Authors: WILLIAM VEZINA, MICHAEL CHAMBERLAIN, SIMON VINITSKI, MARTIN KING, RICHARD NICHOLSON, W K C MORGAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1985)

The differentiation of pulmonary embolism (PE) from regional ventilatory abnormalities accompanied by reduced perfusion requires contemporary perfusion and ventilation studies. Distinguishing these conditions in ventilator-dependent patients is aided by administering a Tc-99m aerosol to characterize regional ventilation, and by performing a conventional Tc-99m MAA perfusion study. The technique uses a simple “in-house” constructed apparatus. Simple photographic techniques suffice, but computer subtraction of perfusion from the combined perfusion-ventilation image renders interpretation easier if aerosol administration follows perfusion imaging. Multiple defects can be examined in a single study. Excluding normal or near-normal perfusion studies, PE was thought to be present in eight of 16 patients after perfusion imaging alone, but in only one of eight after added aerosol imaging. Angiography confirmed the diagnosis in that patient. Of the eight patients who had abnormal perfusion but were thought unlikely to have PE from the perfusion study alone, two had normal ventilation, and subsequently were shown to have PE by angiography. Because angiography was only performed on patients who were thought to have a high probability of PE on sequential perfusion-ventilation imaging, the true incidence of PE may have been higher. Aerosol ventilation imaging is a useful adjunct to perfusion imaging in patients on ventilators. It requires an efficient delivery system, particularly if aerosol administration follows perfusion imaging, as it does in this study. The major disadvantage of aerosol imaging compared to a gas in intubated patients is the significant bronchial deposition due to retained mucus secretions. Aerosol will not enter the ventilator circuit without discontinuation of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Occasionally, aerosol entry is suboptimal even without PEEP.
Risk Factors in Heatstroke
Authors: Ralph D. Caldroney
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent article by Kilbourne et al inThe Journaladdressed the question of what were the particular factors that predisposed their group of patients to heatstroke. I want to address the conclusion given that a prior history of heatstroke does not place an individual at risk for future episodes. While the specific age range of their population was not given, the "general population" studied seems characteristic (propensity for elderly persons of lower socioeconomic status with chronic illnesses) of prior epidemiologic studies of nonexertional heatstroke. The risk factors for exertional heat stroke take a different epidemiologic twist, affecting young, healthy persons. In 1981, I reported the case of an elderly gentleman who had survived two prior episodes of heatstroke.<sup>1</sup>The case was remarkable, if for nothing else than he had survived a catastrophic illness with a mortality rate as high as 70% twice.<sup>2</sup>In my
A new short form individual quality of life measure (SEIQoL-DW): application in a cohort of individuals with HIV/AIDS
Authors: A. M Hickey, G. Bury, C. A O'Boyle, F. Bradley, F. D O'Kelly, W. Shannon
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Quality of life is an increasingly important outcome measure in medicine and health care. Many measures of quality of life present patients with predetermined lists of questions that may or may not be relevant to the individual patient. This paper describes a brief measure, the SEIQoL-DW, which is derived from the schedule for evaluation of individual quality of life (SEIQoL). The measure allows respondents to nominate the areas of life which are most important, rate their level of functioning or satisfaction with each, and indicate the relative importance of each to their overall quality of life. Given its practicality and brevity, the measure should prove particularly useful in clinical situations where patient generated data on quality of life is important. This article describes the first clinical application of the measure, assessing the quality of life of a cohort of patients with HIV/AIDS managed in general practice.
Breast cancer hijacks dendritic cells
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

On page 1037, Aspord et al. find that immune cells are swayed to the dark side by cancerous forces. Instead of priming a killing response, dendritic cells (DCs) that infiltrate breast tumors actually help the tumor grow.






Figure 1

Breast tumor size increases when DCs and T cells team up (red).




The group previously found that human breast tumors often include a large number of mature dendritic cells that form clusters with CD4+ T cells. This association suggested that immunity was at work in the tumor, but it also hinted at an oddity: mature DCs are normally found in lymph nodes, not the affected tissue.

To figure out what these DCs were doing in the tumors, Aspord and colleagues studied humanized mice that were grafted with human breast cancer cell lines. In these mice, the DCs recruited CD4+ T cells to the tumors but did not prime an antitumor immune response. Instead, the DCs instigated the T cells to secrete IL-13 and thereby promote tumor growth.

IL-13 helped tumors by activating a signaling pathway that has been implicated in metastasis. But why the DCs initiated this tumor-friendly response is still unclear.

The findings might help explain why DC-based vaccine therapies sometimes fail in clinical trials. The team now plans to test IL-13 antagonists in breast cancer patients in combination with candidate DC vaccines. The hope is that the antagonists will prevent the vaccine-induced antitumor immunity from being subverted into a cancer-promoting response.
TGFβ Is a Master Regulator of Radiation Therapy-Induced Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Claire Vanpouille-Box, Julie M. Diamond, Karsten A. Pilones, Jiri Zavadil, James S. Babb, Silvia C. Formenti, Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff, Sandra Demaria
Journal: Cancer Research (2015)

Abstract T cells directed to endogenous tumor antigens are powerful mediators of tumor regression. Recent immunotherapy advances have identified effective interventions to unleash tumor-specific T-cell activity in patients who naturally develop them. Eliciting T-cell responses to a patient's individual tumor remains a major challenge. Radiation therapy can induce immune responses to model antigens expressed by tumors, but it remains unclear whether it can effectively prime T cells specific for endogenous antigens expressed by poorly immunogenic tumors. We hypothesized that TGFβ activity is a major obstacle hindering the ability of radiation to generate an in situ tumor vaccine. Here, we show that antibody-mediated TGFβ neutralization during radiation therapy effectively generates CD8+ T-cell responses to multiple endogenous tumor antigens in poorly immunogenic mouse carcinomas. Generated T cells were effective at causing regression of irradiated tumors and nonirradiated lung metastases or synchronous tumors (abscopal effect). Gene signatures associated with IFNγ and immune-mediated rejection were detected in tumors treated with radiation therapy and TGFβ blockade in combination but not as single agents. Upregulation of programmed death (PD) ligand-1 and -2 in neoplastic and myeloid cells and PD-1 on intratumoral T cells limited tumor rejection, resulting in rapid recurrence. Addition of anti–PD-1 antibodies extended survival achieved with radiation and TGFβ blockade. Thus, TGFβ is a fundamental regulator of radiation therapy's ability to generate an in situ tumor vaccine. The combination of local radiation therapy with TGFβ neutralization offers a novel individualized strategy for vaccinating patients against their tumors. Cancer Res; 75(11); 2232–42. ©2015 AACR.
TOTAL LUXATION OF THE SPINE.
Authors: THOMAS F. RAY
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The abstract of Steinmann's article on Total Luxation of the Spine, inThe Journal, June 16, 1906, prompts the following report:  Oct. 19, 1898, I was called to see a negro. October 17 he had attempted to rearrange some bales of cotton loaded on a wagon. In lifting them he placed his head under the bales and lifted with his head and hands. In some way a bale fell on him and crushed him to the earth, whence he was picked up and attended by an irregular practitioner. I found him suffering from a complete bilateral dislocation of the fifth cervical vertebra forward with complete paralysis of all of his limbs and bladder. He could move neither hands nor feet and could not control his urine. His bowels had not moved since the injury. I immediately attempted reduction, without anesthesia, which was accomplished very easily. All the symptoms gradually improved.
Newer antihypertensive therapy reduces cardiovascular events
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Antihypertensive therapy based on the calcium channel blocker amlodipine, with the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril added as required, reduced cardiovascular events compared with treatment based on the β blocker atenolol, according to the final results from the Anglo-Scandinavian cardiac out-comes trial-blood pressure lowering arm (ASCOT-BPLA) trial published online this week in the Lancet (http://www.lancet.com/, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67186-3).

The trial randomised 19 257 hypertensive patients aged 40-79 years with at least three other cardiovascular risk factors to one of two antihypertensive regimens—amlodipine (5-10 mg) with or without perindopril (4-8 mg), or atenolol (50-100 mg) with or without the …
CDX2-driven leukemogenesis involves KLF4 repression and deregulated PPARγ signaling
Authors: Katrin Faber, Lars Bullinger, Christine Ragu, Angela Garding, Daniel Mertens, Christina Miller, Daniela Martin, Daniel Walcher, Konstanze Döhner, Hartmut Döhner, Rainer Claus, Christoph Plass, Stephen M. Sykes, Steven W. Lane, Claudia Scholl, Stefan Fröhling
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2012)

Aberrant expression of the homeodomain transcription factor CDX2 occurs in most cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and promotes leukemogenesis, making CDX2, in principle, an attractive therapeutic target. Conversely, CDX2 acts as a tumor suppressor in colonic epithelium. The effectors mediating the leukemogenic activity of CDX2 and the mechanism underlying its context-dependent properties are poorly characterized, and strategies for interfering with CDX2 function in AML remain elusive. We report data implicating repression of the transcription factor KLF4 as important for the oncogenic activity of CDX2, and demonstrate that CDX2 differentially regulates KLF4 in AML versus colon cancer cells through a mechanism that involves tissue-specific patterns of promoter binding and epigenetic modifications. Furthermore, we identified deregulation of the PPARγ signaling pathway as a feature of CDX2-associated AML and observed that PPARγ agonists derepressed KLF4 and were preferentially toxic to CDX2+ leukemic cells. These data delineate transcriptional programs associated with CDX2 expression in hematopoietic cells, provide insight into the antagonistic duality of CDX2 function in AML versus colon cancer, and suggest reactivation of KLF4 expression, through modulation of PPARγ signaling, as a therapeutic modality in a large proportion of AML patients.
Genetics and Genomics
Authors: Catherine D. DeAngelis, Phil B. Fontanarosa, Mary-Claire King, Boris Pasche
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Finding the way through the respiratory symptoms jungle: PAL can help: Respiratory Infections Assembly contribution to the celebration of 20 years of the ERS
Authors: M. van den Boom, A. Seita, S. Ottmani, G. B. Migliori
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

Strikingly, up to one third of all patients attending primary healthcare (PHC) facilities present with respiratory symptoms and are seeking care 1–4. Underlying causes are wide-ranging, spanning from common cold to pulmonary tumours and their frequencies of occurrence differ widely 1. Whereas >50% of those seeking respiratory care suffer from acute respiratory infections (ARI) 1, tuberculosis (TB), which is still a deadly killer >125 yrs after the discovery of its causing agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis 5, accounts only for a very small proportion of those consulting with respiratory complaints (often <2%) 1–4, 6, 7. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma are encountered more often than TB and less frequently than ARI. However, worldwide asthma prevalence has been on the increase in several settings during the past few decades 8. A common point is that all respiratory diseases, if not diagnosed, treated and managed timely and correctly, are problematic for individuals and public health alike.

Another common point is that many respiratory diseases are characterised by similar symptoms; for instance, cough and night sweats can be found in TB, pulmonary tumours and ARIs. Clinicians in PHC facilities, who at the centre of all this, often feel challenged, as finding the right path in a vast jungle of similar respiratory symptoms can be a tedious and misleading endeavour. The complex path constitutes making the correct diagnostic, treatment and management choices for all respiratory patients. Although in many countries helpful guidance exists (in the form of clinical guidelines on how to manage children aged  97% of all respiratory patients aged ≥5 yrs. …
Improving use of opioid analgesics in India
Authors: A. K. Kakkar
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Amendments to the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act are expected to improve access to drugs for millions of people in India who have chronic pain caused by cancer and other debilitating conditions.1 Since it came into force in 1985, there has been much criticism of the act, which aims …
Complications of double balloon enteroscopy: a multicenter survey
Authors: P. Mensink, J. Haringsma, T. Kucharzik, C. Cellier, E. Pérez-Cuadrado, K. Mönkemüller, A. Gasbarrini, A. Kaffes, K. Nakamura, H. Yen, H. Yamamoto
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

See also: Commentaire de travail de P. B. F. Mensink et al., pp. 613Endoscopy 2007; 39(07): 758-758DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306953
THE PREVENTION OF ARTERIOSCLEROSIS AND HEART DISEASE IN OTHERWISE HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS PAST MIDDLE LIFE
Authors: LOUIS FAUGERES BISHOP
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Every observing person whose experience extends past 40 knows that heart disease is constantly developing among his contemporaries who are otherwise healthy. Surprise is often expressed that this man or that, in spite of what seemed to be right living, has become a victim of heart disease. The slightest consideration leads to the belief that there is some active or hidden agent working to cause heart disease and hardening of the arteries, and a little examination shows that the causes are not those usually assigned. The healthy old drunkard disproves alcohol as a cause. Rheumatism more often attacks the young, and in later life generally spares the heart and blood-vessels. Men who really overwork are not so numerous as is often thought, and worry, while a great cause of heart disease, is indirect in its effect. The fact is constantly appearing in the literature of the day that circulatory disease,
Molecular cloning and heterogeneity of the human hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome
Authors: Nakanobu Hayashi, Hirokazu Higashi, Kazuyoshi Kaminaka, Hiroyuki Sugimoto, Mariko Esumi, Kohei Komatsu, Keiichi Hayashi, Masahiko Sugitani, Koyu Suzuki, Okano Tadao, Chikateru Nozaki, Kyosuke Mizuno, Toshio Shikata
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1993)
Interleukin (IL)-13 Production by Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) Correlates With Asthma Severity and Total IgE in African American Asthmatic Children
Authors: A. Dhatt, H. Hasman, J. Moy, B. Yu
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Prepaid Psychiatric Care Experience with UAW Members
Authors: MELVIN A. GLASSER, THOMAS DUGGAN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1969)

This first report on the landmark UAW psychiatric benefit program, stressing outpatient care, reveals that the program appears to be economically viable. During the first year of the outpatient benefit there was a utilization rate by Michigan UA W members of 6.4 per 1,000 eligible persons; the average number of visits was 8.5, and paid claim averaged $136. However, an expected decrease in in-hospital utilization did not occur.
FIVE YEARS' SUCCESSFUL EXPERIENCE WITH A SPECIAL MODE OF TREATING PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS.
Authors: CHARLES WILSON INGRAHAM
Journal: JAMA (1898)

last year by Dr. Hall of Denver, in which one side of the chest in each case was scalded during infancy, and pulmonary disease began on the contracted side.The night sweats of phthisis need to be considered in this connection, because they are a direct result of insufficient pulmonary aeration and exhalation.The skin with its glands is complementary to the lungs and supplements their action by elimination of its exhalation, in double the quantity exhaled through the lungs, being a daily average of 30 ounces for the skin and 15 ounces for the lungs.When for any reason the function of the lungs is impaired, so that the normal quantity of carbon dioxid is not exhaled, the skin supplements their action at a time when the auto-intoxication has become so great as to cause a temporary paralysis of the vasomotors, with relaxation of the superficial capillaries.The night sweats are always accompan- ied with increasing weakness of the entire system, and are generally considered the cause of the great prostration which follows them.I do not believe this.The sweat is the result of a specific poisoning, principally by carbonic oxid and the products of metabolism, and is a conservative process, while the
THE EFFECT OF "GROUND GLASS" ON THE GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT OF DOGS
Authors: JAMES S. SIMMONS
Journal: JAMA (1918)

During the past few months quite a number of food specimens have been received at the Southern Department Laboratory, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, with requests for examination to determine the presence of ground glass.  Of 120 specimens of different kinds,  was found in the following samples: cakes, 2; cottonseed hulls, 5; jelly, 1; milk, 1; prepared mustard, 1; peanut butter, 1; sliced beef, 1, and sugar, 1.  The  found in many of these specimens was small in size and amount, and could have been accidental. Some few samples of food in closed non-sealed containers, however, showed many large pieces of broken glass, which, apparently, had been placed there purposely by those sending in the specimens.  Many reports of so-called glass poisoning were made by newspapers and individuals, and the subject was discussed in a number of medical journals throughout the country, but we have not been able to
Age is not a factor in survival of patients undergoing left ventricular assist device placement as destination therapy: The REMATCH experience
Authors: Yoshifumi Naka, Brian Jaski, Cy Tector, Lynne Warner Stevenson, Edward Raines, William Holman, James Chen-Tson Fang, Susan Wright, Anita Tierney, Alan Weinberg, Laura Damme, Karen Holl, O.Howard Frazier
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2003)
The Child's Acquisition of Speech
Authors: M. D. Sheridan
Journal: BMJ (1945)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The sexual phase of <i>Plasmodium</i> represents a crucial step in malaria transmission, during which these parasites fertilize and form ookinetes to infect mosquitoes. <i>Plasmodium</i> development after fertilization is thought to proceed with female-stored mRNAs until the formation of a retort-form ookinete; thus, transcriptional activity in zygotes has previously been considered quiescent. In this study, we reveal the essential role of transcriptional activity in zygotes by investigating the function of a newly identified AP2 transcription factor, AP2-Z. <i>ap2-z</i> was previously reported as a female transcriptional regulator gene whose disruption resulted in developmental arrest at the retort stage of ookinetes. In this study, although <i>ap2-z</i> was transcribed in females, we show that it was translationally repressed by the DOZI complex and translated after fertilization with peak expression at the zygote stage. ChIP-seq analysis of AP2-Z shows that it binds on specific DNA motifs, targeting the majority of genes known as an essential component of ookinetes, which largely overlap with the AP2-O targets, as well as genes that are unique among the targets of other sexual transcription factors. The results of this study also indicate the existence of a cascade of transcription factors, beginning with AP2-G, that proceeds from gametocytogenesis to ookinete formation. <h3>Author summary</h3> Sexual development in <i>Plasmodium</i> parasites, a causative agent of malaria, is essential for their transmission from vertebrate hosts to mosquitoes. This important developmental process proceeds as follows: formation of a gametocyte/gamete, fertilization and conversion of the zygote into the mosquito midgut invasive stage, called the ookinete. As a target of transmission blocking strategies, it is important to understand the mechanisms regulating <i>Plasmodium</i> sexual development. In this study, we assessed transcriptional regulation after fertilization by investigating the function of a novel transcription factor, AP2-Z. The results revealed the essential role of <i>de novo</i> transcription activated by AP2-Z in zygotes for promoting ookinete development. As transcriptional activity during the zygote stage has previously been considered silent in <i>Plasmodium</i>, novel genes important for ookinete formation can now be explored in the target genes of AP2-Z. Investigating the functions of these genes can help us understand the mechanisms of <i>Plasmodium</i> zygote/ookinete development and identify new targets for transmission blocking vaccines.
Angiography and complement activation. Evidence for generation of C3a anaphylatoxin by intravascular contrast agents
Authors: S WESTABY, P DAWSON, M W TURNER, R B PRIDIE
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1985)

The potent anaphylatoxin C3a was measured in the peripheral blood of eleven patients receiving radiocontrast agents whilst undergoing coronary angiography. In seven patients C3a levels were raised during this procedure and in three of these the anaphylatoxin was increased between four and tenfold. In four patients C3a levels remained within the normal range. In vitro tests of five contrast agents revealed marked heterogeneity in their ability to generate C3a from serum.