tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial of Fluoxetine for Repetitive Behaviors and Global Severity in Adult Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Eric Hollander, Latha Soorya, William Chaplin, Evdokia Anagnostou, Bonnie P. Taylor, Casara J. Ferretti, Stacey Wasserman, Erika Swanson, Cara Settipani
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2011)

Objective: The effects of fluoxetine and placebo on repetitive behaviors and global severity were compared in adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Method: Adults with ASDs were enrolled in a 12-week double-blind placebo-controlled fluoxetine trial. Thirty-seven were randomly assigned to fluoxetine (N=22) or placebo (N=15). Dosage followed a fixed schedule, starting at 10 mg/day and increasing as tolerated up to 80 mg/day. Repetitive behaviors were measured with the compulsion subscale of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale; the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) improvement scale was used to rate improvement in obsessive-compulsive symptoms and overall severity. Results: There was a significant treatment-by-time interaction indicating a significantly greater reduction in repetitive behaviors across time for fluoxetine than for placebo. With overall response defined as a CGI global improvement score of 2 or less, there were significantly more responders at week 12 in the fluoxetine group than in the placebo group. The risk ratio was 1.5 for CGI global improvement (responders: fluoxetine, 35%; placebo, 0%) and 1.8 for CGI-rated improvement in obsessive-compulsive symptoms (responders: fluoxetine, 50%; placebo, 8%). Only mild and moderate side effects were observed. Conclusions: Fluoxetine treatment, compared to placebo, resulted in significantly greater improvement in repetitive behaviors, according to both the Yale-Brown compulsion subscale and CGI rating of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, as well as on the CGI overall improvement rating. Fluoxetine appeared to be well tolerated. These findings stand in contrast to findings in a trial of citalopram for childhood autism.
Cajal–Retzius cells and the development of the neocortex
Authors: Miguel Marín-Padilla
Journal: Trends in Neurosciences (1998)

The dual origin, structural organization, and evolving ascending stratification of the mammalian neocortex are explored from a developmental perspective. Layer I and subplate (layer VII) zone of the neocortex evolve first from a primordial plexiform neuropil that is established throughout the non-olfactory telencephalon and that is common to amphibians, reptiles and mammals. The remaining laminations (strata) of the neocortex evolve later, between layer I and the subplate zone, from the cortical plate (CP), which represents a multilayered mammalian evolutionary feature. The attraction of CP neurons towards layer I, their progressive ascending (inside-out) placement, common early differentiation stage (regardless of size, location, cortical depth, or eventual functional role, or all of these), and the unique morphologic features of its pyramidal neuron are developmental processes controlled by layer I and its Cajal–Retzius cells. Based on the role of these early neurons and of layer I, a new theory of neocortical cytoarchitectonics and nomenclature is proposed to explain the basic structural and functional organization of the mammalian neocortex, the morphology of its pyramidal cells, and the addition of new pyramidal cell strata that characterize its phylogenetic evolution.
Tuberculosis after Intestinal Bypass Operation for Obesity
Authors: J. OCIE HARRIS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Comments1 January 1977Tuberculosis after Intestinal Bypass Operation for ObesityJ. OCIE HARRIS, M.D., KENNETH R. WASSON, M.D.J. OCIE HARRIS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, KENNETH R. WASSON, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-1-115 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Jejunoileal bypass is being more widely used for the treatment of morbid obesity; increasing numbers of physicians who will be involved in the care of these patients must know the problems this procedure may produce. The many, and often serious, medical complications associated with this surgical procedure have been recently reviewed (1). These authors did not specifically mention tuberculosis as a complication of jejunoileal bypass, but they reported the occurrence of noncaseating granulomas in the liver of one patient with intestinal bypass and mentioned mycobacterial infection as a possible cause. Several reports of more definite mycobacterial infection...References1. BRAYBARRYBENFIELD GRJ: Intestinal bypass operation as a treatment for obesity. Ann Intern Med 85:97-109, 1976 LinkGoogle Scholar2. PICKLEMANEVANSKANE JLJ: Tuberculosis after jejunoileal bypass for obesity. JAMA 234:744, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. BATTERSHILL J: Tuberculosis after intestinal bypass surgery for obesity. Chest 75:318,1976 CrossrefGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Pulmonary Section Medical Service Veterans Administration Hospital Gainesville, FL 32602 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByThe Influence of Bypass Procedures and Other Anatomical Changes in the Gastrointestinal Tract on the Oral Bioavailability of DrugsTrends in oral drug bioavailability following bariatric surgery: examining the variable extent of impact on exposure of different drug classesAbsorption médicamenteuse et chirurgie bariatriqueA systematic review of drug absorption following bariatric surgery and its theoretical implicationsJejunoileal Bypass for ObesityTuberculosis after jejuno-ileal bypass for morbid obesity.Intestinal Bypass Surgery for Obese Patients: Behavioral and Metabolic ConsiderationsPlasma Zinc and Copper in Obesity and after Intestinal BypassRICHARD L. ATKINSON, M.D., F.A.C.P., WILLIAM T. DAHMS, M.D., GEORGE A. BRAY, M.D., F.A.C.P., ROBERT JACOB, Ph.D., HAROLD H. SANDSTEAD, M.D., F.A.C.P.Tuberculosis After Gastrointestinal SurgeryJEFFREY R. FISHER, M.D. 1 January 1977Volume 86, Issue 1Page: 115-116KeywordsGranulomasLiverMorbid obesityObesityPatientsTuberculosis Issue Published: 1 January 1977 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Seeking God in the Brain — Efforts to Localize Higher Brain Functions
Authors: Solomon H. Snyder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Neuroscientists have long eschewed global questions about brain function, and books reviewing the current state of neuroscience usually allocate only a small section to "higher functions." But with the advent of novel imaging techniques such as positron-emission tomographic scanning and functional magnetic resonance imaging, attitudes have begun to change. It is now feasible to visualize functions of discrete brain regions while subjects are engaged in diverse activities — doing arithmetic, composing songs, writing poetry, or watching pornographic movies. Information about which parts of the brain are activated during various mental activities has supplemented and, in general, confirmed previous insights derived . . .
Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Methods of Insulin Delivery and Glucose Monitoring for Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hsin-Chieh Yeh, Todd T. Brown, Nisa Maruthur, Padmini Ranasinghe, Zackary Berger, Yong D. Suh, Lisa M. Wilson, Elisabeth B. Haberl, Jessica Brick, Eric B. Bass, Sherita Hill Golden
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2012)

Background: Patients with diabetes mellitus need information about the effectiveness of innovations in insulin delivery and glucose monitoring. Purpose: To review how intensive insulin therapy (multiple daily injections [MDI] vs. rapid-acting analogue–based continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion [CSII]) or method of monitoring (self-monitoring of blood glucose [SMBG] vs. real-time continuous glucose monitoring [rt-CGM]) affects outcomes in types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through February 2012 without language restrictions. Study Selection: 33 randomized, controlled trials in children or adults that compared CSII with MDI (n = 19), rt-CGM with SMBG (n = 10), or sensor-augmented insulin pump use with MDI and SMBG (n = 4). Data Extraction: 2 reviewers independently evaluated studies for eligibility and quality and serially abstracted data. Data Synthesis: In randomized, controlled trials, MDI and CSII showed similar effects on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and severe hypoglycemia in children or adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus and adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus, HbA1c levels decreased more with CSII than with MDI, but 1 study heavily influenced these results. Compared with SMBG, rt-CGM achieved a lower HbA1c level (between-group difference of change, −0.26% [95% CI, −0.33% to −0.19%]) without any difference in severe hypoglycemia. Sensor-augmented insulin pump use decreased HbA1c levels more than MDI and SMBG did in persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus (between-group difference of change, −0.68% [CI, −0.81% to −0.54%]). Little evidence was available on other outcomes. Limitation: Many studies were small, of short duration, and limited to white persons with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and MDI have similar effects on glycemic control and hypoglycemia, except CSII has a favorable effect on glycemic control in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus. For glycemic control, rt-CGM is superior to SMBG and sensor-augmented insulin pumps are superior to MDI and SMBG without increasing the risk for hypoglycemia. Primary Funding Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Effect of oxprenolol on ventricular arrhythmias: The european infarction study experience
Authors: Klaus-Peter Bethge, Dietrich Andresen, Jean-Pierre Boissel, Enz-Rüdiger von Leitner, Jean-Claude Peyrieux, Rolf Schröder, Ulrich Tietze
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1985)
IgA antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in cutaneous vasculitis
Authors: P. Rovel-Guitera, M-C. Diemert, J-L. Charuel, J-L. Laporte, L. Musset, O. Chosidow, J-C. Piette, C. Francès
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2000)

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) of the IgA isotype have, for the most part, been detected in patients with Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) or inflammatory bowel disease.We have evaluated the prevalence of IgA ANCA in a series of patients with different causes of cutaneous vasculitis.Forty consecutive patients with histologically proven leucocytoclastic vasculitis were included in the study: 18 had systemic vasculitis as well as cutaneous lesions, 10 of whom were diagnosed as having HSP, and 22 had only cutaneous vasculitis (with no identified cause in 10 cases). IgA ANCA were sought by indirect immunofluorescence using ethanol-fixed human neutrophil preparations as the substrate.IgA ANCA were detected in six of 40 patients (15%) (one each with HSP, ulcerative colitis, Sjögren's syndrome, hypergammaglobulinaemia associated with Castelman's disease, erythema elevatum diutinum and bacterial endocarditis). Three of these patients also had IgG ANCA whose target antigen remained unidentified.IgA ANCA are rarely observed in HSP (10%) and can be detected in a wide variety of other cutaneous vasculitides.
Overcoming resistance to molecularly targeted anticancer therapies: Rational drug combinations based on EGFR and MAPK inhibition for solid tumours and haematologic malignancies
Authors: Giampaolo Tortora, Roberto Bianco, Gennaro Daniele, Fortunato Ciardiello, James A. McCubrey, Maria Rosaria Ricciardi, Ludovica Ciuffreda, Francesco Cognetti, Agostino Tafuri, Michele Milella
Journal: Drug Resistance Updates (2007)
Pulmonary Infection Due to Rhinovirus Type 13
Authors: J. E. Craighead, Margaret Meier, Mark H. Cooley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

RHINOVIRUSES are an established cause of the common-cold syndrome.1 , 2 Although clinical and experimental observations suggest that these viruses may infect the tracheobronchial tree, their importance as a cause of disease in the lower respiratory tract remains to be established.Clinical HistoryA 61-year-old woman with myelomatosis of 7 years' duration was hospitalized for elective splenectomy. This procedure was contemplated because of severe hemolytic anemia associated with splenic sequestration of blood. Myelofibrosis, pancytopenia and deficiencies of serum immunoglobulins developed during the 2 years before admission. Large dosages of corticosteroids and multiple blood transfusions had been administered during the course of the . . .
How Does the Ascending Aorta Geometry Change When It Dissects?
Authors: Bartosz Rylski, Philipp Blanke, Friedhelm Beyersdorf, Nimesh D. Desai, Rita K. Milewski, Matthias Siepe, Fabian A. Kari, Martin Czerny, Thierry Carrel, Christian Schlensak, Tobias Krüger, Michael J. Mack, William T. Brinkman, Friedrich W. Mohr, Christian D. Etz, Maximilian Luehr, Joseph E. Bavaria
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Website of the week: Oral contraceptives
Authors: K. Abbasi
Journal: BMJ (2001)

The debate over third generation oral contraceptives and venous thromboembolism has frequently surfaced in the BMJ in recent years, and the central dilemma has been how best to explain risk. James Drife's editorial (p 119) makes it all sound rather simple, and his analysis is about the clearest beacon in an ocean of confused risk assessment.

The choppiest waters are inevitably found on the web. It seems that the 1995 Lancet paper that set tongues wagging about the third generation pill spawned multiple interpretations. Seek information on Google (www.google.com) and you find that the first link points to Human Life International (www.hli.org/hli/main.html) whose mission is to promote and defend the sanctity of life and family around the world. Human Life International has embarked on a culture war, defending God's law against the ills of the sexual revolution ignited “in large measure by the birth control pill.” This moral rigour facilitates an alarming interpretation of risk. A factsheet on contraceptive pill side effects (www.hli.org/issues/contraception/other/side-effects.html) warns that among users of third generation progestagen pills there is an increased risk of deep vein thrombosis of 600-900%, compared with non-users. Worrying figures, but official guidance is hard to find.

The United Kingdom Department of Health decided in 1999 that the “absolute risk of venous thromboembolism in women taking third generation combined oral contraceptives is very small and is much less than the risk in pregnancy” (www.doh.gov.uk/cmo/cmo99_02.htm). The World Health Organization also offers advice at http://who.int/hrp/progress/46/06.html. Even so, presenting this information in a way that is of use to consumers appears to be beyond everyone's capability.
Cardiac Autonomic Activity in Patients With Transient Left Ventricular Apical Ballooning
Authors: Jasmin Ortak, Volkhard Kurowski, Uwe K.H. Wiegand, Frank Bode, Gunther Weitz, Iris Wilke, Franz Hartmann, Heribert Schunkert, Hendrik Bonnemeier
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
Altered lipid profile after Kawasaki syndrome.
Authors: J W Newburger, J C Burns, A S Beiser, J Loscalzo
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND Delineation of lipid values in children after Kawasaki syndrome is important because of the predilection of this disease for the coronary arteries. METHODS AND RESULTS We measured plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides using enzymatic methods in 105 patients with a history of Kawasaki syndrome. Measurements were obtained during six time periods: 10 days or less, 11-31 days, 1-3 months, 3-12 months, 1-3 years, and more than 3 years. Total cholesterol was depressed in the first interval (122.0 +/- 19.8 mg/dl, mean +/- SD), but the mean values were normal in all periods after clinical recovery (overall mean, 149.0 +/- 24.0 mg/dl). High density lipoprotein cholesterol was also depressed in the first interval (15.2 +/- 9.9 mg/dl); although high density lipoprotein cholesterol increased significantly with duration since disease onset (p less than 0.001), it remained significantly lower than expected (p less than 0.001), even in the latest interval (47.2 +/- 10.9 mg/dl). Nonfasting triglyceride levels were high (162.5 +/- 63.4 mg/dl) in the first interval and then diminished steadily with time, but this relation did not achieve statistical significance. We compared adjusted lipid levels (z scores) of 46 Kawasaki patients after clinical recovery with those of their parents; patients had similar total cholesterol levels but significantly lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (p = 0.021 for mothers, p = 0.001 for fathers). Mean high density lipoprotein cholesterol after clinical recovery tended to be lower in patients with persistent coronary abnormalities than in those without such lesions (p = 0.085). CONCLUSIONS Kawasaki syndrome is associated with important abnormalities in lipid metabolism. Continued long-term surveillance of this population is necessary to monitor lipid levels and their relation to future development of coronary atherosclerosis.
A Response to Commentators on “The Limitations of ‘Vulnerability’ as a Protection for Human Research Participants”
Authors: Carol Levine, Ruth Faden, Christine Grady, Dale Hammerschmidt, Lisa Eckenwiler, Jeremy Sugarman
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2004)

We are gratified at the huge response to our article. It fully justifies our premise that it is time for a new examination of the concept of vulnerability in research ethics. The number and range o...
Pulmonary and Systemic Arterial Pressure Changes During Syncope in Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Ghada W. Mikhail, J. Simon R. Gibbs, Magdi H. Yacoub
Journal: Circulation (2001)

A 49-year-old woman with primary pulmonary hypertension diagnosed 1 year previously was admitted as part of a research study at Harefield Hospital.She had no known precipitating factors or family history of the disease.Her main symptoms included exertional dyspnea and syncope.Her pulmonary artery systolic pressure was 110 mm Hg, with a mean pulmonary artery pressure of 85 mm Hg.A 24-hour ambulatory pulmonary artery 7F NIH catheter (Gaeltec Ltd) was inserted into the proximal pulmonary artery via the right internal jugular vein.The catheter was plugged into a battery-powered ambulatory recorder (type 7 MPR, Gaeltec Ltd), which was carried by the patient on a shoulder strap.A radial arterial line was also
Oxidative stress in sickle cell disease; pathophysiology and potential implications for disease management
Authors: Erfan Nur, Bart J. Biemond, Hans‐Martin Otten, Dees P. Brandjes, John‐John B. Schnog
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2011)

Abstract Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hemoglobinopathy characterized by hemolytic anemia, increased susceptibility to infections and vaso‐occlusion leading to a reduced quality of life and life expectancy. Oxidative stress is an important feature of SCD and plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of hemolysis, vaso‐occlusion and ensuing organ damage in sickle cell patients. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the (end‐)products of their oxidative reactions are potential markers of disease severity and could be targets for antioxidant therapies. This review will summarize the role of ROS in SCD and their potential implication for SCD management. Am. J. Hematol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells Suppress Mast Cell Degranulation and Allergic Responses through OX40-OX40L Interaction
Authors: Giorgia Gri, Silvia Piconese, Barbara Frossi, Vanessa Manfroi, Sonia Merluzzi, Claudio Tripodo, Antonella Viola, Sandra Odom, Juan Rivera, Mario P. Colombo, Carlo E. Pucillo
Journal: Immunity (2008)
Beta-Adrenergic Blockade after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Peter Sleight
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

The large international trial of practolol1 and the smaller Swedish study of alprenolol2 suggested that the number of cardiac deaths after myocardial infarction could be reduced by long-term beta blockade. Why, then, have physicians been reluctant to use beta blockers routinely for this purpose? Part of the reluctance undoubtedly came from the unfortunate side effects of practolol, which led to its eventual withdrawal. The alprenolol trial was small, and later trials of propranolol3 and other beta blockers apparently failed to confirm the results obtained with practolol. I use the word "apparently" because in retrospect most of these trials were too . . .
The generation and cellular distribution of leukotriene C4 in human eosinophils stimulated by unopsonized zymosan and glucan particles
Authors: Ramani Mahauthaman, Caroline J. Howell, Bernd W. Spur, Lawrence J.F. Youlten, Tim J.H. Clark, Maurice H. Lessof, Tak H. Lee
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1988)
AORTIC REGURGITATION IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING AORTIC BALLOON VALVULOPLASTY
Authors: Manuel A. Gonzalez, Itsik Ben-Dor, Gabriel Maluenda, Michael Mahmoudi, Michael A. Gaglia, Kohei Wakabashi, Gabriel Sardi, Rafael Romaguera, Ana Laynez-Carnicero, Rebecca Torguson, Wiliam O. Suddath, Augusto D. Pichard, Lowell F. Satler, Ron Waksman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Tight junction-associated proteins (occludin, ZO-1, claudin-1, claudin-4) in squamous cell carcinoma and Bowen's disease
Authors: K. Morita, S. Tsukita, Y. Miyachi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Background The epidermis, which is a typical stratified epithelium, has tight junctions (TJs) in the granular layer, as do simple epithelia. So far, abnormalities of TJs and involvement of claudin‐1 have been reported in tumours of simple epithelia. Objectives To examine the expression of TJ‐associated proteins (occludin, ZO‐1, claudin‐1 and claudin‐4) in normal human epidermis and in malignant disorders of keratinization. Methods Expression of the proteins in normal human epidermis, five cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin and five cases of Bowen's disease (BD) was examined by immunofluorescence staining. Results In normal human epidermis, occludin, ZO‐1 and claudin‐4 were expressed at the cell–cell borders in the granular layer specifically or dominantly, whereas claudin‐1 was expressed in the whole epithelium. In SCC, occludin, ZO‐1, claudin‐1 and claudin‐4 were strongly expressed in tumour cells with keratinization such as cancer pearls. Claudin‐1 was heterogeneously expressed in unkeratinized tumour cells, whereas expression of occludin, ZO‐1 and claudin‐4 was decreased or absent. In BD, aberrant expression of occludin, ZO‐1, claudin‐1 and claudin‐4 was observed at the cell–cell borders in addition to their expression patterns observed in normal epidermis. Conclusions Expression of occludin, ZO‐1 and claudin‐4 is associated with keratinization in SCC and BD. However, the heterogeneous expression of claudin‐1 in SCC is not determined only by keratinization.