tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Anti–interleukin-5 (mepolizumab) therapy for hypereosinophilic syndromes☆
Authors: Jennifer K Garrett, Sean C Jameson, Blythe Thomson, Margaret H Collins, Lynne E Wagoner, Debbie K Freese, Lisa A Beck, Joshua A Boyce, Alexandra H Filipovich, Joyce M Villanueva
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Motivational aspects of recognizing a smile
Authors: Janek S. Lobmaier, Martin H. Fischer
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

Abstract What are the underlying processes that enable human beings to recognize a happy face? Clearly, featural and configural cues will help to identify the distinctive smile. In addition, the motivational state of the observer will influence the interpretation of emotional expressions. Therefore, a model accounting for emotion recognition is only complete if bottom-up and top-down aspects are integrated.
Genetics versus environment in inflammatory bowel disease: results of a British twin study
Authors: N. P Thompson, R. Driscoll, R. E Pounder, A. J Wakefield
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Outcome of antenatal Down's syndrome screening.Values are numbers (percentages; 95% confidence intervals) unless otherwise indicated All women White and other Indian Asians Total eligible for screening 9217 7562 1655 Uptake of serum screening 7953 (86.3) 6765 (89-5) 1188 (71-8) Women screened positive 382 (4-8) 236 (3-5) 146 (12-3) Relative risk 3.5 (2-9 to 4-3) Amniocentesis uptake 179 (48) 142 (60) 37 (27) X12 43-9 (P<0.001)Detection rate for Down's syndrome 5/14 (36) 5/12 0/2 (42; 13 to 72) (0; to 84) Positive predictive value 1:76 (5/382) 1:47 0:146 No of cases of Down's syndrome: Identified antenatally 6* 6* 0 Identified postnatally 12t 9t 3t Rate per 1000 births 1.8* 1.8* 1.8 *Includes one case of Down's syndrome identified by primary amniocentesis; details available from the authors on request.tlncludes the Down's syndrome births missed by serum screening and those occurring in unscreened women.*After a 23% reduction in antenatally diagnosed and terminated cases to allow for the increased fetal death rate in pregnancies with Down's syndrome diagnosed by amniocentesis but not ending in a termination.'
Prospective evaluation of a new platelet glycoprotein (GP)-specific assay (PakAuto) in the diagnosis of autoimmune thrombocytopenia (AITP)
Authors: A. Davoren, J. Bussel, B.R. Curtis, M. Moghaddam, R.H. Aster, J.G. McFarland
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2005)

Assays measuring platelet-associated immunoglobulin G (PAIgG), while highly sensitive, lack specificity in diagnosing autoimmune thrombocytopenia (AITP). We prospectively evaluated a new commercially available glycoprotein (GP)-specific assay, the PakAuto (GTI, Brookfield, WI), for its clinical usefulness in distinguishing immune from nonimmune thrombocytopenia (TP), in 216 patients with autoimmune TP (both primary “idiopathic” and “secondary”) and 46 patients with TP due to other causes. This assay is designed to detect both platelet-associated (direct assay) and plasma (indirect assay) antiplatelet antibodies specific for GPs IIb/IIIa, Ib/IX, and Ia/IIa. The mean platelet counts of the immune (79 ± 7 × 109/L) and nonimmune groups (78 ± 7 × 109/L), were similar (P = 0.95). The direct assay was positive in 114/216 patients with AITP (53%), and 13/46 with nonimmune TP (28%). Among the AITP group, the majority (61%) of patients with positive test results had autoantibodies reactive against all three GP targets. The sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values for the direct PakAuto were 53%, 72%, 90%, and 24%, respectively, comparable to previously published experience of GP-specific assays. However, in some cases of TP due to nonimmune cause, the PakAuto was highly specific. Only 3 of 22 patients with gestational and 1 of 8 with familial/congenital TP had a positive direct assay, indicating that the test may be particularly useful for excluding an immune etiology for TP in certain patient subgroups. Am. J. Hematol. 78:193–197, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Non-organ specific autoantibodies in children with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Flavia Bortolotti, Pietro Vajro, Fiorella Balli, Raffaella Giacchino, Carlo Crivellaro, Cristiana Barbera, Michela Cataleta, Luigi Muratori, Patrizia Pontisso, Gabriella Nebbia, Lucia Zancan, Adalberto Bertolini, Alfredo Alberti, Francesco Bianchi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1996)
Familial idiopathic small-bowel and colonic varices in three siblings
Authors: Paul Boland, Jennifer Leonard, Michael Saunders, Ford Bursey
Journal: Endoscopy (2014)

Idiopathic small-bowel and colonic varices are a rare source of bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract. To date there are only eight published case series of familial idiopathic small-bowel and colonic varices. We present a case series detailing three affected siblings who presented with significant lower gastrointestinal bleeding and had multiple varices on endoscopy and imaging. Though not confirmed, consanguinity in the parents suggests an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. We summarize the literature to date and describe our institution’s experience of endoscopy, diagnostic imaging, and treatment in these patients.
Quantifying Residual HIV-1 Replication in Patients Receiving Combination Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Linqi Zhang, Bharat Ramratnam, Klara Tenner-Racz, Yuxian He, Mika Vesanen, Sharon Lewin, Andrew Talal, Paul Racz, Alan S. Perelson, Bette T. Korber, Martin Markowitz, Yong Guo, Margarita Duran, Arlene Hurley, John Tsay, Yu-Ching Huang, Chia-Ching Wang, David D. Ho
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

In patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), combination antiretroviral therapy can result in sustained suppression of plasma levels of the virus. However, replication-competent virus can still be recovered from latently infected resting memory CD4 lymphocytes; this finding raises serious doubts about whether antiviral treatment can eradicate HIV-1.
Trends in Incidence of Diabetes in Pregnancy and Serious Perinatal Outcomes: A Large, Population-Based Study in Ontario, Canada, 1996–2010
Authors: Denice S. Feig, Jeremiah Hwee, Baiju R. Shah, Giliian L. Booth, Arlene S. Bierman, Lorraine L. Lipscombe
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

OBJECTIVE Women with diabetes in pregnancy have high rates of pregnancy complications. Our aims were to explore trends in the incidence of diabetes in pregnancy and examine whether the risk of serious perinatal outcomes has changed. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed a population-based cohort study of 1,109,605 women who delivered in Ontario, Canada, between 1 April 1996 and 31 March 2010. We categorized women as gestational diabetes (GDM) (n = 45,384), pregestational diabetes (pre-GDM) (n = 13,278), or no diabetes (n = 1,050,943). The annual age-adjusted rates of diabetes in pregnancy were calculated, and rates of serious perinatal outcomes were compared between groups and by year using Poisson regression. RESULTS The age-adjusted rate of both GDM (2.7–5.6%, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and pre-GDM (0.7–1.5%, P &amp;lt; 0.001) doubled from 1996 to 2010. The rate of congenital anomalies declined by 23%, whereas the rate of perinatal mortality did not change significantly. However, compared with women with no diabetes, women with pre-GDM and GDM faced an increased risk of congenital anomalies (relative risk 1.86 [95% CI 1.49–2.33] and 1.26 [1.09–1.45], respectively), and perinatal mortality remained elevated in women with pre-GDM (2.33 [1.59–3.43]). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of both GDM and pre-GDM in pregnancy has doubled over the last 14 years, and the overall burden of diabetes in pregnancy on society is growing. Although congenital anomaly rates have declined in women with diabetes, perinatal mortality rates remain unchanged, and the risk of both remains significantly elevated compared with nondiabetic women. Increased efforts are needed to reduce these adverse outcomes.
3D Reconstructions of Optical Frequency Domain Imaging to Improve Understanding of Conventional PCI
Authors: Vasim Farooq, Takayuki Okamura, Bill D. Gogas, Jung Ho Heo, Michael Magro, Josep Gomez-Lara, Salvatore Brugaletta, Yoshinobu Onuma, Maria Radu, Hector M. Garcìa-Garcìa, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2011)
Managing sickle cell disease
Authors: S. Claster
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Advances are being made in the management of sickle cell disease for all age groups. This review discusses the progress in amelioration of symptoms, problems unique to particular age groups, and the types of drugs and treatments currently under investigation 

In 1973, the average life span of a patient with sickle cell disease was 14 years. Thirty years later, the development of comprehensive care models, day hospitals, and ongoing efforts in both basic sciences and clinical research has increased life expectancy to 50 years. Advances in the management of sickle cell disease have dramatically changed the outlook for patients (box 1).

Polymerisation of sickle haemoglobin is the catalyst in the development of vaso-occlusion. Additional factors are critical to the pathophysiology of sickling (the development of sickle cells in the blood), including abnormalities in coagulation, white cells, vascular endothelium, and damage to the membranes of red cells.1 The culmination of these factors results in red cells with reduced deformability that easily adhere to vascular endothelium, increasing the potential for decreased blood flow and vascular obstruction. As a result, patients develop both haemolytic anaemia and vasculopathy.2 Organ damage is also an ongoing problem. Although the course of the disease is punctuated by episodes of pain, the organ damage is often silent until far advanced. We discuss the advances in the clinical management of sickle cell disease and new therapies that are available.

Our review is based on information from published research studies from the Children's Hospital and Research Center at Oakland. Electronic searches were through Medline and PubMed, and we downloaded relevant articles. We also extracted information from reviews of current work and consultations with other experts and health providers in the specialty of sickle cell disease.

The optimal setting for the care of patients with sickle cell disease is …
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: IRWIN J. SCHATZ, JOHN F. FAIRBAIRN, JOHN L. JUERGENS
Journal: Circulation (1962)

Of 141 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms diagnosed at the Mayo Clinic from 1950 through 1959 who were not operated on, follow-up information was obtained from 137 patients (97.1 per cent). Of those followed 1 year or more, 87.6 per cent survived 1 year or more; 52.5 per cent survived 3 years, and 36.4 per cent survived 5 years after diagnosis. These results indicate that the prognosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm in this selected group of patients was somewhat better than that previously reported. The prognosis and survival of patients who had a history of associated cardiovascular disease at the time of diagnosis of aneurysm is distinctly less good than those of patients who had no such history. Of those with such a history, 75.0 per cent survived 1 year, 33.3 per cent survived 3 years, and 20.0 per cent survived 5 years. Of those without such a history 95.7 per cent survived 1 year, 63.2 per cent survived 3 years, and 50.0 per cent survived 5 years. Patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms and associated cardiovascular diseases are more likely to die of cardiovascular complications other than ruptured aneurysms. Patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms who have no evidence of associated cardiovascular disease are more likely to die from a ruptured aneurysm than from anything else. It would appear that small asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms in patients with associated cardiovascular disease may be carefully observed until signs of expansion of the aneurysm or symptoms from the aneurysm appear.
Introduction to Vascular Ultrasonography
Authors: Donald L. King
Journal: JAMA (1984)

Highly recommended is this new survey of the latest developing field of diagnostic ultrasound. The past decade has seen a flood of new ultrasound technology for the noninvasive evaluation of the vascular system. These techniques evaluate vascular occlusive disease by B-mode imaging and Doppler assessment of flow characteristics. Although the pace of technological development has by no means slowed, the current techniques have become established and widely used in clinical practice because they provide valuable diagnostic information, especially for screening patients with clinically equivocal signs and symptoms.  As the technology and its application have forged ahead, a great educational need has developed among clinicians and technologists for a comprehensive, balanced presentation of the field. This book is just such a survey. It is written by 18 experts and includes a concise review of the appropriate physics, instrumentation, anatomy, physiology, and clinical application, including illustrative case examples. Each chapter is well
Economics of Medically Unexplained Symptoms: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Alexander Konnopka, Rainer Schaefert, Sven Heinrich, Claudia Kaufmann, Melanie Luppa, Wolfgang Herzog, Hans-Helmut König
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2012)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Objective:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; To review cost-of-illness studies (COI) and economic evaluations (EE) conducted for medically unexplained symptoms and to analyze their methods and results. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; We searched the databases PubMed, PsycINFO and National Health Service Economic Evaluations Database of the University of York. Cost data were inflated to 2006 using country-specific gross domestic product inflators and converted to 2006 USD purchasing power parities. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; We identified 5 COI and 8 EE, of which 6 were cost-minimization analyses and 2 were cost-effectiveness analyses. All studies used patient level data collected between 1980 and 2004 and were predominantly conducted in the USA (n = 10). COI found annual excess health care costs of somatizing patients between 432 and 5,353 USD in 2006 values. Indirect costs were estimated by only one EE and added up to about 18,000 USD per year. In EE, educational interventions for physicians as well as cognitive-behavioral therapy approaches for patients were evaluated. For both types of interventions, effectiveness was either shown within EE or by previous studies. Most EE found (often insignificant) cost reductions resulting from the interventions, but only two studies explicitly combined changes in costs with data on effectiveness to cost-effectiveness ratios (ratio of additional costs to additional effects). &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Medically unexplained symptoms cause relevant annual excess costs in health care that are comparable to mental health problems like depression or anxiety disorders and which may be reduced by interventions targeting physicians as well as patients. More extensive research on indirect costs and cost-effectiveness is needed.
The Irrational Executive
Authors: LeRoy P. Levitt
Journal: JAMA (1985)

The media each day tell us of irrationality and oftentimes destructiveness in business and organization management. Many times the blame is laid at the door of the chief executive officer(s). The<i>New York Times</i>(May 4, 1984) comments that "irrationality at the executive level is now being looked at with increased intensity by an unusual breed of organizational consultants, many of whom are practicing psychoanalysts and all of whom bring a clinical perspective to bear on organizational life.... Psychoanalysis and the corporations are working together for the first time." Professor Kets deVries and Danny Miller have also published a new volume on<i>The Neurotic Organization</i>(San Francisco, Jossey-Bass Inc Publishers, 1984), analyzing the psychopathology of executive functioning, primarily dealing with the irrational forces at work in organizations. This volume, in the main, comes out of a conference held in Austria in mid-1980 on applied psychoanalysis in organizations. The editor notes that
Aβ impairs nicotinic regulation of inhibitory synaptic transmission and interneuron excitability in prefrontal cortex
Authors: Guo-Jun Chen, Zhe Xiong, Zhen Yan
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2013)

Accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) and cholinergic deficiency are two prominent features of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To understand how Aβ-induced dysfunction of the nicotinic system may contribute to cognitive impairment in AD, we examined the effect of Aβ on nicotinic regulation of synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability in prefrontal cortex (PFC), a brain region critical for cognitive processes.We found that activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) with nicotine increased the inhibitory postsynaptic currents recorded in PFC pyramidal neurons, which was associated with the nicotine-induced increase in the excitability of PFC layer I GABAergic interneurons. Both effects of nicotine were disrupted by Aβ. However, Aβ did not impair nicotinic regulation of excitatory neurotransmission in PFC interneurons. The nicotinic effect on synaptic inhibition was also lost in transgenic mice with five familial Alzheimer's disease mutations. Inhibiting PKC attenuated nicotinic regulation of inhibitory, but not excitatory, neurotransmission.Our study suggests that Aβ selectively impairs nicotinic regulation of inhibitory inputs to PFC pyramidal neurons, which might be due to its interference with PKC activation. Thus, in the PFC circuits of AD, the balance between inhibition and excitation under the control of nAChRs may be disturbed by Aβ.
Bone Marrow Scintigraphy in the Evaluation of Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: EDWARD C. HOPPIN, JERRY P. LEWIS, SALLY J. DeNARDO
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

The clinical usefulness of bone marrow scintigraphy in evaluating adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) was assessed through 39 studies of 23 adult patients. Nineteen patients were in various stages of relapse and remission of ANLL and four patients were preleukemic. Results of scintigraphic studies were correlated with information concerning bone marrow status, therapy, and subsequent clinical response. When 99mTc-sulfur colloid was utilized, eight of 34 studies were normal, but in the majority of patients there was an abnormal distribution of bone marrow reticuloendothelial activity. Three of the patients with normal studies were in complete remission at the time of the normal scan. The duration of these remissions tended to be long. In four patients, 67Ga-citrate scintigraphy showed a wide variation of bone marrow uptake despite a marked increase in bone marrow myeloblasts. There was no significant correlation between scintigraphic distribution and bone marrow morphologic status nor with subsequent ability to induce a complete remission with chemotherapy. Nevertheless, these studies raise the possibility that bone marrow scintigraphy may be useful in predicting the stability of an induced complete remission in ANLL. Confirmation of this possibility must await further studies.
Molecular profiling of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm reveals a unique pattern and suggests selective sensitivity to NF-kB pathway inhibition
Authors: M R Sapienza, F Fuligni, C Agostinelli, C Tripodo, S Righi, M A Laginestra, A Pileri, M Mancini, M Rossi, F Ricci, A Gazzola, F Melle, C Mannu, F Ulbar, M Arpinati, M Paulli, T Maeda, D Gibellini, L Pagano, N Pimpinelli, M Santucci, L Cerroni, C M Croce, F Facchetti, P P Piccaluga, S A Pileri
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Plasma glucagon in diabetes of haemochromatosis: too low or too high?
Authors: W A Muller, M Berger, H J Cuppers, P Berchtold, G Strohmeyer, A E Renold, J R Hofstetter, J J Gonvers
Journal: Gut (1979)

Glucagon secretion before and during arginine infusions was tested in 11 patients with diabetes associated with haemochromatosis. The results were compared with those obtained in six normal subjects and five patients with haemochromatosis but normal glucose tolerance. The patients with haemochromatosis, regardless of glucose tolerance, exhibited higer level of plasma immunoreactivity for glucagon (antiserum 30-K) suggesting hyperglucagonaemia. However, additional analysis revealed that a considerable amount of this glucagon immunoreactivity was due to cross-reacting material of high molecular weight, the levels of which were significantly higher in patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis. When this was deducted from the total immunoreactivity measured, the resulting values for true glucagon concentrations were similar to those of normal subjects. The data suggest that (1) patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis, whether or not associated with diabetes, exhibit plasma glucagon levels comparable with those of normal subjects; (2) the plasma of the same patients contains significantly more high-molecular-weight substances reacting with glucagon antiserum 30-K than is present in plasma of normal subjects; and (3) 9hyperglucagonaemia9 may be erroneously suggested when glucagon is measured with certain antisera reputed to be specific for glucagon.
S10 Is it cost-effective to replace nurses with lay asthma educators in primary care?
Authors: N. J. Roberts, K. Boyd, A. Briggs, A. L. Caress, M. R. Partridge
Journal: Thorax (2010)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Regular review of those with asthma and support for self-management is promoted in guidelines and encouraged by the Quality Outcomes Framework. Reasons for non-implementation include lack of time and training. A large randomised controlled trial in primary care suggested that need for unscheduled health care was similar if patients were reviewed and offered self management support by a trained lay educator compared to practice nurses.1 <h3>Methods</h3> A cost-effectiveness analysis was undertaken using the trial data. The cost of delivery for the intervention incorporated training and consultations. The measure of effectiveness was frequency of unscheduled healthcare which has also been costed. <h3>Results</h3> One year intention to treat data (n=418) showed that 29% (61/205) of patients in the nurse group required unscheduled healthcare (177 events) compared with 30.5% (65/213) in the lay group (178 events), that is, there was no statistical difference in effect between the groups. Assigning a cost to this measure of effectiveness (unscheduled healthcare) provides £161 for nurses and £135 for lay trainers, that is, no significant difference (mean £26, (95% CI −95.61, 146.69, p=0.679)). With regards to the costs of delivery, there was no significant difference between the two arms (mean difference £−1.61 (95% CI −6.01, 2.77, p=0.4704)). While the training costs for the lay trainers were greater than nurses (£35 vs £18, respectively, per patient, p&lt;0.001), the consultation costs for lay trainers were lower than for nurses (£8 per patient vs £24, p&lt;0.001). The total costs, consisting of delivery and the measured outcome (unscheduled healthcare), were £203 per patient for the nurse arm vs £179 for lay trainers (mean difference £24, (95% CI −97.15, 144.99, p=0.698)). <h3>Conclusion</h3> There was no significant difference in cost of delivery or in the effectiveness of the intervention between the two arms in this trial. It may be inappropriate to conclude that the intervention is not worthwhile as contracting lay trainers full-time rather than part-time would have made full use of the cost of their training, reducing the cost per patient and improving efficiency.