tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Decreased Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Diabetic Patients Receiving Hemodialysis
Authors: Flavio Vincenti
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Biochemical and bone scintigraphic studies were performed in nondiabetic and diabetic patients receiving hemodialysis at the time of kidney transplantation to assess the degree of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Despite lower serum calcium concentrations, diabetic patients had significantly lower parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels than nondiabetic patients. In addition, diabetic patients had lower graded total-skeletal scintigraphic scores than nondiabetic patients. The PTH levels showed positive correlations with bone scan scores and with alkaline phosphatase in nondiabetic patients but not in diabetic patients. Avascular necrosis occurred in 17% of nondiabetic patients and in only 2% of diabetic patients. Patients with avascular necrosis had significantly higher PTH levels than patients without avascular necrosis. Diabetes mellitus seems to confer a protective effect from the skeletal manifestations of secondary hyperparathyroidism, including avascular necrosis.
Autism: Nature, Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Peter E. Tanguay
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The quantity of literature generated each year on the subject of infantile autism might lead one to believe that autism must be among the most frequent of disorders, although it occurs in only one of every 2500 children. Here is yet another book, but this volume distinguishes itself as a particularly useful review of what is new and interesting in the field. It is pleasing to find the names of so many creative young investigators among its contributors and to see their various ideas presented side by side in a single volume. Roughly 70% of autistic persons are mentally retarded, and, like nonautistic retarded persons, they show varying degrees of impairment in learning vocabulary and grammar in their early years. Subsequently, they have difficulty mastering reading, writing, and arithmetic in school. Such cognitive deficits do not, however, in and of themselves, explain why someone is "autistic." A person is autistic,
Blood Vessels of the Skin in Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Authors: MYRON H. KULWIN, EDGAR A. HINES
Journal: Circulation (1950)

This study concerns an evaluation of the anatomicopathologic changes found in blood vessels of the skin in areas of venous insufficiency in the lower legs. These changes have been compared with the vascular structure in comparable areas of skin in normal persons. Apparently evidence of arteriolar damage is more a concomitant finding in the clinical picture of chronic venous insufficiency than are venular changes. This is demonstrated in a study of 30 patients. The vascular changes show no correlation with the condition of the skin at the site from which the biopsy material was taken.
The Doctor-Patient Relationship
Authors: M. D. Bogdonoff, C. R. Nichols, R. F. Klein, C. Eisdorfer
Journal: JAMA (1965)

During the past several years, one of the criticisms leveled at the practice of medicine in modern-day America has been the supposed loss of the  personal touch from the doctor-patient relationship. These criticisms have been noted in both professional 1,2 and lay publications 3 and have indicated that the blame is often leveled specifically at the increase in subspecialization as well as at the use of complicated and intricate diagnostic procedures which entail much technical time but little physician-patient interaction time. Many of these communications have a tone of longing for the good old days and the physician of horse and buggy renown. Though the physician and patient may well have known each other much more intimately in years past—as Owen pointed out, the good old days were perhaps not so good, and one would hardly wish to return to a less effective type of medical practice. 4 It
Another Pound of Cure
Authors: Chris White
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I must take exception with our esteemed Senator Harkin from Iowa on the issue of access to health care. In a recent essay,<sup>1</sup>he stated that "access to affordable and quality health care is a fundamental right that should be extended to and enjoyed by all Americans." This is a fine sentiment but is incompatible with our republican system of democracy. The Constitution gives us "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" as basic rights; nowhere is it guaranteed that all shall be happy through some form of divine or governmental intervention. Those social engineers who feel otherwise spend considerable time and energy trying to convince the public that access to affordable<i>and</i>quality health care for all is possible, but they are notoriously vague about just how much it is going to cost and, more importantly, who is going to bear the burden of this
A piece of my mind. The Last GASP
Authors: S. H. Norris
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To the Editor of<i>NE JAMA</i>. —Dear Madam: Having been born after the Last GASP, I am naturally a staunch supporter of Organic Rights. As the offspring of two humanistic physicians who trained before the Last GASP, however, I became inured in the cradle to the subversive notion that ours is a particularly valuable species. My unique perspective, formed at the ethical cusp of our profession, may have burdened me with scruples not suffered by younger physicians. I am sworn, perhaps wrongly, to try to prolong my patients' lives and relieve their suffering—yet, as a Last GASP—abiding practitioner, I find it increasingly difficult to do so. Permit me to elaborate. Who cannot be aware that heroic late—20th-century animal liberationists were the first to bravely strike out against killer scientists to free dogs and cats and later mice, rats, rabbits, hamsters, guinea pigs, turtle bladders, and sea urchin eggs from the
The Right of Privacy Protects the Doctor-Patient Relationship
Authors: Michael H. Shapiro
Journal: JAMA (1990)

To  Editor.—  There is a plausible legal and  case for respecting a woman's decision to have an elective abortion and for protecting her conversations on that matter with her physician, as Annas and coworkers argue. 1 But referring to  decision as a   carries a risk of misunderstanding.  Although  authors observe that  abortion decision is a moral decision, they invoke Roe v Wade 's ill-advised remark that before viability the abortion decision and its effectuation must be left to  medical judgment of  pregnant woman's attending physician. 2 This claim in Roe was unnecessary to  decision and reflects a conceptual error that eventually may produce a normative error, and it would have been well if Annas et al had clarified  meaning of  judgment. (Taken seriously, Roe 's claim suggests  possibility of a veto by  physician, which is clearly
Fetal and infant growth and impaired glucose tolerance at age 64.
Authors: C N Hales, D J Barker, P M Clark, L J Cox, C Fall, C Osmond, P D Winter
Journal: BMJ (1991)

OBJECTIVE--To discover whether reduced fetal and infant growth is associated with non-insulin dependent diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in adult life. DESIGN--Follow up study of men born during 1920-30 whose birth weights and weights at 1 year were known. SETTING--Hertfordshire, England. SUBJECTS--468 men born in east Hertfordshire and still living there. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, proinsulin, and 32-33 split pro-insulin concentrations and plasma glucose and insulin concentrations 30 and 120 minutes after a 75 g glucose drink. RESULTS--93 men had impaired glucose tolerance or hitherto undiagnosed diabetes. They had had a lower mean birth weight and a lower weight at 1 year. The proportion of men with impaired glucose tolerance fell progressively from 26% (6/23) among those who had weighted 18 lb (8.16 kg) or less at 1 year to 13% (3/24) among those who had weighed 27 lb (12.25 kg) or more. Corresponding figures for diabetes were 17% (4/23) and nil (0/24). Plasma glucose concentrations at 30 and 120 minutes fell with increasing birth weight and weight at 1 year. Plasma 32-33 split proinsulin concentration fell with increasing weight at 1 year. All these trends were significant and independent of current body mass. Blood pressure was inversely related to birth weight and strongly related to plasma glucose and 32-33 split proinsulin concentrations. CONCLUSIONS--Reduced growth in early life is strongly linked with impaired glucose tolerance and non-insulin dependent diabetes. Reduced early growth is also related to a raised plasma concentration of 32-33 split proinsulin, which is interpreted as a sign of beta cell dysfunction. Reduced intrauterine growth is linked with high blood pressure, which may explain the association between hypertension and impaired glucose tolerance.
Some Ill Effects of Disinfection with Sulphur.
Authors: H. R. Carter
Journal: JAMA (1890)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In your editorial inThe Journalof Feb. 8, 1890, entitled, " Correct Official Instructions as to Disinfection with Sulphur," you say: "there may possibly result from it some bleaching of colored articles..... when the sulphur dioxide comes in contact with wetted goods and there may be some minor damage beside." This statement is eminently correct, and while such damage is not considered as weighing against the disinfection, where necessary; it is well to know that sulphur burnt in the presence of moisture may have the following undesirable effects: It injures the colors of many woolen goods, being especially hard on greens and bright reds— a red flannel shirt, for instance, always comes out yellow, sometimes the color is not affected; the dark blues are generally absolutely uninjured, but not rarely turned a reddish brown. The same color of course may be from very different dyes and thus
Tie2-dependent knockout of α6 integrin subunit in mice reduces post-ischaemic angiogenesis
Authors: Claire Bouvard, Adèle De Arcangelis, Blandine Dizier, Isabelle Galy-Fauroux, Anne-Marie Fischer, Elisabeth Georges-Labouesse, Dominique Helley
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2012)

AimsIntegrins α6β1 and α6β4 are receptors for laminins, the main components of the basement membrane underlying the endothelial cells. In vitro, α6 integrin subunit (α6) expression at the surface of endothelial cells and their progenitors (EPCs) is up-regulated by pro-angiogenic growth factors and is crucial for adhesion, migration, and pseudotube formation. We investigated the role for α6 in post-ischaemic vascular repair in vivo.
Plasma levels of substance p in liver cirrhosis: Relationship to the activation of vasopressor systems and urinary sodium excretion
Authors: Conrado M. Fernández-Rodriguez, Jesús Prieto, Jorge Quiroga, José Manuel Zozoya, Amalia Andrade, Marina Núñez, Bruno Sangro, José Penas
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

The mediators of the hyperdynamic circulation of liver cirrhosis are not well characterized. Substance P is a potent vasodilatory peptide produced by the enteric nervous system and partly cleared by the liver. In this work we have investigated the plasma levels of substance P and their relationship to the hemodynamic, neurohormonal, and renal function changes occurring in patients with cirrhosis. Seven healthy subjects (control group), 7 cirrhotic patients without ascites (group I), and 24 cirrhotic patients with ascites (group II) were studied. Cardiac output (CO), femoral blood flow (FBF), blood volume (BV), femoral arteriovenous difference of oxygen content (Ca-v O 2 ), plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), and plasma norepinephrine (NE) were determined. Five patients underwent trans-jugular intrahepatic porto-systemic stent shunt (TIPSS) because of refractory ascites. Immunoreactive substance P (irSP) was measured by radioimmunoassay after plasma extraction. irSP was higher in ascitic patients than in healthy controls ( P &lt;.01) and directly correlated with PRA, PAC, plasma NE, and Pugh's score and was inversely correlated with urinary sodium excretion, glomerular filtration rate, and Ca-v O 2 . No differences were observed between portal and peripheral vein irSP concentration. TIPSS placement induced a decrease in portal pressure and an increase in CO but circulating irSP remained unchanged. Our data show that circulating irSP is increased in decompensated cirrhotic patients and may be involved in the pathogenesis of the hemodynamic changes of cirrhosis. Alleviation of portal hypertension did not result in decreased plasma levels of this vasodilatory substance. (Hepatology 1995;21:35-40).
IMPACT OF UNCOVERED STENT STRUTS ON OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY (OCT) DETECTED THROMBUS FORMATION AT 10-MONTH FOLLOW-UP OF SIROLIMUS-ELUTING STENTS (SES)
Authors: Yukio Ozaki, Masanori Okumura, Tevfik F. Ismail, Kousuke Hattori, Hiroyuki Naruse, Shino C. Kan, Makoto Ishikawa, Tomoko Kawai, Junichi Ishii, Hitoshi Hishida
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Effects of celecoxib and naproxen on renal function in nonazotemic patients with cirrhosis and ascites
Authors: Joan Clària, Jeffrey D. Kent, Marta López‐Parra, Ginés Escolar, Luís Ruiz‐del‐Arbol, Pere Ginès, Wladimiro Jiménez, Boris Vucelic, Vicente Arroyo
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Nonselective inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs frequently induces renal failure in decompensated cirrhosis. Studies in experimental cirrhosis suggest that selective inhibitors of the inducible isoform COX-2 do not adversely affect renal function. However, very limited information is available on the effects of these compounds on renal function in human cirrhosis. This investigation consists of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial aimed at comparing the effects of the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib (200 mg every 12 hours for a total of 5 doses) on platelet and renal function and the renal response to furosemide (40 mg intravenously) with those of naproxen (500 mg every 12 hours for a total of 5 doses) and placebo in 28 patients with cirrhosis and ascites. A significant reduction (P < .05) in glomerular filtration rate (113 ± 27 to 84 ± 22 mL/min), renal plasma flow (592 ± 158 to 429 ± 106 mL/min) and urinary prostaglandin E2 excretion (3430 ± 430 to 2068 ± 549 pg/min) and suppression of the diuretic (urine volume: 561 ± 128 to 414 ± 107 mL/h) and natriuretic (urine sodium: 53 ± 13 to 34 ± 10 mEq/h) responses to furosemide were observed in the group of patients treated with naproxen but not in the other two groups. Naproxen, but not celecoxib or placebo, significantly inhibited platelet aggregation (72% ± 8% to 47% ± 8%, P < .05) and thromboxane B2 production (41 ± 12 to 14 ± 5 pg/mL, P < .05). In conclusion, our results indicate that short-term administration of celecoxib does not impair platelet and renal function and the response to diuretics in decompensated cirrhosis. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long-term safety of this drug in cirrhosis. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;41:579–587.)
Parathyroid Hormone and Cimetidine
Authors: CHIKASHI KITOH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters1 June 1981Parathyroid Hormone and CimetidineCHIKASHI KITOH, M.D.CHIKASHI KITOH, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-94-6-821_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I read with great interest the article by Dr. Beehler and colleagues (1) on parathyroid hormone (PTH) suppression by cimetidine in the uremic patient. I would like to comment on the mechanism related to the suppression.Judging from the observation that PTH suppression was produced by cimetidine without significant change in serum calcium or phosphate, the effect of cimetidine on circulating PTH appears not to be through a mechanism related to calcium, phosphate, or vitamin D metabolites but to be based on the decreased PTH secretion. Three weeks of cimetidine therapy in which the level of circulating...References1. BEEHLERBECKNERROSENQUISTSHANKEL CJRS. Parathyroid hormone suppression by cimetidine in the uremic patient. Ann Intern Med. 1980;93:840-1. LinkGoogle Scholar2. FREITAGMARTINHRUSKAANDERSONLADENSONSLATOPOLSKY JKKCJE. Impaired parathyroid hormone metabolism in patients with chronic renal failure. N Engl J Med. 1978;298:29-32. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Fukui Prefectural Hospital Fukui City Japan PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1981Volume 94, Issue 6Page: 821-821KeywordsCalciumMetabolitesParathyroid hormonePhosphatesVitamin D Issue Published: 1 June 1981 PDF downloadLoading ...
Effects of Multiday Exposure to Ozone on Airway Inflammation as Determined Using Sputum Induction
Authors: Jeffrey Ratto, Hofer Wong, Jane Liu, John Fahy, Homer Boushey, Colin Solomon, John Balmes
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

Single short-term exposures to ozone are known to cause acute changes in pulmonary function and neutrophilic airway inflammation. The respiratory health effects of repeated exposures are not as well studied. Pulmonary function decrements are known to attenuate, but it is less clear how injury and inflammation are affected. Using sputum induction (SI) to sample respiratory tract lining fluid after single- and multiday exposures, we designed a study to test the hypothesis that neutrophils would increase after multiday exposure compared with single-day exposure. In a randomized, crossover design, 15 normal healthy subjects were exposed to O3 (0.2 ppm) under two conditions: for 4 hr for 1 day (1D) and for 4 hr for 4 consecutive days (4D). Pulmonary function testing was performed immediately before and after each 4-hr exposure. The SI was performed 18 hr after the end of the 1D and 4D conditions. The symptom and pulmonary function data followed a pattern seen in other multiday O3 exposure studies, with the greatest changes occurring on the second day. In contrast to previous studies using bronchoalveolar lavage, however, there was a significant increase in the percentage of neutrophils and a significant decrease in the percentage of macrophages after the 4D condition compared with the 1D condition. Given that SI likely samples proximal airways better than distal lung, these results add to the body of evidence that differential airway compartmental responses to O3 occur in humans and other species.
MANIC-DEPRESSIVE ILLNESS IN ISRAEL
Authors: JOZEF PH. HES
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1960)

The author surveyed 100 manic-depressive patients hospitalised in Talbieh Psychiatric Hospital, Jerusalem, during the years 1949-1958. These 100 patients are divided into 3 categories: 83% Jewish immigrants from Europe and the Americas, 5% from Asia and Africa and 12% Israel born. Seventy percent were long-time immigrants whereas 16% were newcomers. Data were also presented about 745 manic-depressives, who were discharged from psychiatric institutions all over the country during 1957. The incidence of manic-depressive disease was compared with data from the psychiatric literature. The incidence in Israel, according to the number of discharged patients during the year 1957, was 0.4 : 1000, whereas the incidence in the average population on the whole world is 3-4 : 1000. The author presented hypotheses concerning this observation.
Incremental Value of the Leukocyte Differential and the Rapid Creatine Kinase-MB Isoenzyme for the Early Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Stephen P. Thomson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

To test whether automated measurements of cortisol-induced changes in the leukocyte differential can provide an early marker of myocardial infarction, especially when combined with the rapid creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme.A prospective, blinded study of these measurements at the time of initial assessment in the emergency department.Large multispecialty clinic hospital.511 consecutive patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain. One hundred twenty-seven patients with infection, trauma, or metastatic cancer or receiving myelosuppressive or glucocorticoid therapy were excluded.Automated leukocyte differentials, rapid creatine kinase-MB levels, cortisol levels, and routine clinical measurements.Of 69 patients with myocardial infarction, only 39% had diagnostic electrocardiographic ST-segment elevation. ST-segment elevation had a specificity of 99% and a positive predictive value of 93%. A relative lymphocytopenia (lymphocyte decrease < 20.3%) or elevated rapid creatine kinase-MB level (> 4.7 ng/mL) was more sensitive than ST-segment elevation (sensitivities of 58% and 56%, respectively) but less specific (specificities of 91% and 93%, respectively). The presence of both a relative lymphocytopenia and an elevated rapid creatine kinase-MB level had a sensitivity of 44%, a specificity of 99.7%, and a positive predictive value of 97% (95% Cl, 80% to 99%). Both a relative lymphocytopenia and an elevated rapid creatine kinase-MB level were independent (P < 0.001) predictors of infarction in patients without ST-segment elevation. If myocardial infarction was suspected by the presence of both abnormal markers or ST-segment elevation, the sensitivity for early diagnosis increased from 39% (ST elevation alone) to 65% (Cl, 52% to 76%); the specificity was 99%; and the positive predictive value was 94% (Cl, 82% to 98%).The presence of both a relative lymphocytopenia and an elevated rapid creatine kinase-MB level was an accurate early marker of myocardial infarction that appeared to improve the sensitivity of early diagnosis compared with that of ST-segment elevation alone.
The Treatment of Cirrhosis of the Liver
Authors: Monty S. Losowsky, Charles S. Davidson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1962)

Cirrhosis implies generalized distortion of the architecture of the liver, with an increase in fibrous tissue, and once this has appeared there is no positive evidence that normal anatomy can be restored. Clinically, nevertheless, some alcoholic patients with cirrhosis do regain normal, or near normal, liver function with time.The treatment of cirrhosis devolves upon the management of the complications of the disease and the prevention of further damage to the liver, which may allow clinical and perhaps anatomic improvement.Prevention of Further Damage to the LiverAlcohol is the commonest known etiologic agent in cirrhosis, and it seems reasonable . . .
Evaluation of Topical Agents That Prevent Sunburn — Superiority of Para-Aminobenzoic Acid and Its Ester in Ethyl Alcohol
Authors: Madhukar A. Pathak, Thomas B. Fitzpatrick, Edgar Frenk
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

SINCE 19221 it has been known that in man sunburn and suntan are caused by the action of only a narrow band within the ultraviolet spectrum (λ 290 to 320 mμ). Various methods have been used to prevent actinic injury to the skin, but the most widely used is the topical application of a material that because of absorption of light or opacity, or both, will screen out impinging erythemogenic radiation. Although numerous sunscreen preparations have been marketed for this purpose in the United States and elsewhere, there is no published report of a comparison of one agent with another . . .