tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Studies of Y and Z, two hepatic cytoplasmic organic anion-binding proteins: effect of drugs, chemicals, hormones, and cholestasis
Authors: Humberto Reyes, A. Jonathan Levi, Zenaida Gatmaitan, Irwin M. Arias
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

The process by which various anions, including bilirubin and several dyes, drugs, hormones and their metabolites, are transferred from plasma into the liver cell is poorly understood. Two hepatic cytoplasmic proteins, Y and Z, that bind various organic anions in vivo and in vitro have been postulated to be involved in this process.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and Bone Fractures: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Diabetes Care 2011;34:2474–2476
Authors: Matteo Monami, Ilaria Dicembrini, Alessandro Antenore, Edoardo Mannucci
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

During a revision of the database that had been used for the above-referenced article, the authors realized that a mistake had been made in the retrieval of events from one of the trials included in the analysis. …
[784] EXHAUSTION OF VIRUS SPECIFIC CD4+ T CELLS DURING ACUTE HEPATITIS C
Authors: A. Ulsenheimer, M. Lucas, K. Pfafferot, M.H. Heeg, S. Gaudieri, N. Gruener, A. Rauch, T. Gerlach, M.C. Jung, R. Zachoval, G.R. Pape, T. Santantom, H. Nitschko, T.F. Baumert, R. Thimme, J.N. Weber, P. Klenerman, H.M. Diepolder
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
Considerations when supporting or opposing a national licensing exam
Authors: H. Carter, M. Brown
Journal: BMJ (2014)

In their final year, medical students should not have additional tests but should prepare for practice.1 Any further examination, on top of an already rigorous examination schedule, would compromise the amount of time spent on the wards in the “preparing for professional practice” unit that all students take in their final year. Is didactic learning a substitute for experiential learning, so close to …
Repeated falls and broken bones
Authors: M. Hossain, P. Jobanputra
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A 72 year old woman attended the emergency department because of a painful right hip after a fall the day before. She had been unable to get up from the floor, and had lain there until she was found by her son. She had broken her left wrist three years ago after a fall outside her house. This had been managed conservatively. She was taking antihypertensives but no other drugs and rarely drank alcohol. She lived alone and was independent for activities of daily living. She was independently mobile within and outside the house but could not walk long distances. She was otherwise in good health. She had pain in the right groin and was unable to move her leg. On examination, she had no localised bruising and her right leg was shortened and externally rotated. She could not raise the leg. She had no pain anywhere else and physical examination was otherwise unremarkable. A radiograph showed an intertrochanteric fracture of the right neck of the femur, which was treated with surgery. 



### 1 What underlying condition(s) should you consider in this patient?

#### Short answer

The patient has sustained two consecutive low energy fractures from a fall at low height. Both injuries suggest fragility fractures of the bone, and underlying osteoporosis is the most likely cause.

#### Long answer

Osteoporosis is characterised by low bone mineral density and alterations in bone quality, not just loss of trabecular bone. Cortical bone is also affected. The resulting structural weakness leads to bone fragility and predisposes to low energy fractures.1 Fragility fractures are caused by falls from standing height or less. The three major sites of osteoporosis related fragility fractures are the distal …
Tuberculosis—A Global Problem Requiring a Global Solution
Authors: Catherine D. DeAngelis
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
RELATION OF THE NASAL AND ACCESSORY CAVITIES AND DENTAL LESIONS.
Authors: D. BRADEN KYLE
Journal: JAMA (1899)

The abnormal and pathologic conditions of the teeth causing nasal obstruction and disturbance may be considered under: 1. Nasal or antral irregularities with secondary lesions of the teeth. 2. Irregularities in formation of the alveolar process, allowing the teeth to penetrate into the antral or nasal cavities, thus permitting the extension of diseased processes. There is an important relation between stomatology and rhinology. The entire superior maxilla, both as to formation and structure, is dependent on and controlled by nasal lesions in early childhood while the facial bones are flexible and of partly cartilaginous union. Mouth-breathing, particularly during sleep, through increased external pressure both by the air—the internal resistance being lessened—and by the muscular action in attempts at nasal breathing, contracts the arch, causes irregularity in the teeth and a characteristic droop to the nose. The nasal orifice thus narrowed persists even after the cause of the mouth-breathing is removed
Effects of Off-Pump Versus On-Pump Coronary Surgery on Reversible and Irreversible Myocardial Injury
Authors: Joseph B. Selvanayagam, Steffen E. Petersen, Jane M. Francis, Matthew D. Robson, Attila Kardos, Stefan Neubauer, David P. Taggart
Journal: Circulation (2004)

There is biochemical evidence that off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) reduces myocardial injury compared with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (ONCABG), but the functional significance of this is uncertain. We hypothesized that OPCABG surgery would result in reduced postoperative reversible (stunning) and irreversible myocardial injury, as assessed by cardiovascular MRI (CMRI).In a single-center randomized trial, 60 patients undergoing multivessel total arterial revascularization were randomly assigned: 30 to OPCABG and 30 to ONCABG. Patients underwent preoperative and early postoperative cine MRI for assessment of global left ventricular function, and contrast-enhanced CMRI for assessment of irreversible myocardial injury. Serial troponin I measurements were obtained perioperatively and correlated with the CMRI findings. The mean preoperative cardiac index was similar in the 2 surgical groups (2.9+/-0.7 ONCABG; 2.9+/-0.8 OPCABG; P=0.9). After surgery, the cardiac index was significantly higher in the OPCABG group (2.7+/-0.6 ONCABG; 3.2+/-0.8 OPCABG; P=0.04). New irreversible myocardial injury was similar in incidence (36% ONCABG; 44% OPCABG; P=0.8) and magnitude (6.3+/-3.6 g ONCABG; 6.8+/-4.0 g OPCABG; P=0.9) across the 2 groups. The median area-under-the-curve (AUC) troponin I values were significantly larger in the ONCABG group (182 versus 135 microg/L; P=0.02). There was a moderate correlation between the troponin I AUC values and mean mass of new myocardial hyperenhancement (r(2)=0.4; P=0.008).OPCABG results in significantly better left ventricular function early after surgery but does not reduce the incidence or extent of irreversible myocardial injury.
Hodgkin's Lymphoma in Adolescents Treated With Adult Protocols: A Report From the German Hodgkin Study Group
Authors: Dennis A. Eichenauer, Henning Bredenfeld, Heinz Haverkamp, Horst Müller, Jeremy Franklin, Michael Fuchs, Peter Borchmann, Hans-Konrad Müller-Hermelink, Hans T. Eich, Rolf-Peter Müller, Volker Diehl, Andreas Engert
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

PURPOSE The standard of care for adolescent patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is undefined, particularly the choice between pediatric and adult protocols. Thus, we compared risk factors and outcome of adolescents and young adults treated within study protocols of the German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG). PATIENTS AND METHODS Three thousand seven hundred eighty-five patients treated within the GHSG studies HD4 to HD9 were analyzed; 557 patients were adolescents age 15 to 20 years, and 3,228 patients were young adults age 21 to 45 years. Results Large mediastinal mass and involvement of three or more lymph node areas were more frequent in adolescents (P < .001). The incidence of other risk factors did not differ significantly between age groups. With a median observation time of 81 months for freedom from treatment failure (FFTF) and 85 months for overall survival (OS), log-rank test showed no significant differences between age groups regarding FFTF (P = .305) and a superior OS (P = .008) for adolescents. Six-year estimates for FFTF and OS were 80% and 94%, respectively, for adolescents and 80% and 91%, respectively, for young adults. After adjustment for other predictive factors, Cox regression analysis revealed age as a significant predictor for OS (P = .004), with a higher mortality risk for young adults. Secondary malignancies were more common in young adults (P = .037). CONCLUSION Outcome of adolescent and young adult patients treated within GHSG study protocols is comparable. These data suggest that adult treatment protocols exhibit a safe and effective treatment option for adolescent patients with HL. However, longer follow-up, including assessment of late toxicity, is necessary for final conclusions.
Value of External Cephalic Version under Anaesthesia
Authors: D. Freeth, J. S. MacVine
Journal: BMJ (1951)

9~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MEDICAL JOURNAL'examined microscopically (wet film, Gram-stained film, :and dark-ground illumination), and inoculated on fresh blood agar and chocolate agar for aerobic and anaerobic culture.Bladder Specimens of Urine and Biopsy Material.-Cystoscopy was carried out in Cases 1 and 2. In each case, two samples of urine were taken from the bladder (the early flow and the late flow through the cystoscope).Two biopsy specimens were taken from the base of the bladder, near the ureteric orifices, and immediately placed in physiological saline.Inoculation of Material in Fletcher's Medium.-Speci-mens, prepared as follows, were inoculated in Fletcher's -medium, which is in routine use for culture of leptospira.Case 1.-In view of the high cellular content of the urine, each of the two specimens of urine obtained at cystoscopy was centrifuged at low speed, and after the sedimentation of the cellular elements the supernatant urine was centrifuged at high speed (about 3,500 r.p.m.) for one and a half hoturs.The supernatant fluid was siphoned off, and the deposit ,examined by Gram-stained films and dark-ground illumination and inoculated.The biopsy specimens were triturated 'with a glass rod and inoculated.Case 2.-Both specimens of urine obtained at cystoscopy -were examined microscopically and inoculated after slow centrifugalization only, and the biopsy material was treated as in Case 1.Case 3.-Two specimens of mid-stream urine (the early -and late flow) were inoculated without preliminary centrifugalization.
Cesarean Section Rates in the United States
Authors: Irvin J. Reiner
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To  Editor.—  The article by Gleicher 1 underscores  marked dichotomy that exists between  theory of obstetrical practice (represented by Dr Gleicher and  Cesarean Birth Task Force Consensus statements) and  actual day-to-day practice of obstetricians in the suburbs (who make up  physicians who perform  cesarean sections). The geographical area referred to as the suburbs is addressed as if it were a medical wasteland of knowledge.  The apparent noncompliances with  task force's recommendations are based on a few fundamental, practical facts of life in modern-day obstetrical
Parental Alcohol Use, Problem Drinking, and Children's Injuries
Authors: Polly E. Bijur, Matthew Kurzon, Mary D. Overpeck, Peter C. Scheidt
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —Millions of US children are exposed to parents who are problem drinkers, yet there is little evidence about the effect of parental alcohol consumption on children's health. The aim of this study was to assess the association between children's injuries and parental drinking. <h3>Design.</h3> —Survey of a nationally representative sample of the US population by household interview. <h3>Participants.</h3> —112 360 children and parents from single-family households, with data from the Alcohol and Child Health supplements to the 1988 National Health Interview Survey. <h3>Main Outcome Measure.</h3> —Serious injuries—injuries resulting in hospitalization, surgical treatment, missed school, one half day or more in bed. <h3>Results.</h3> —Children of mothers categorized as problem drinkers had 2.1 times the risk of serious injury as children of mothers who were nondrinkers (95% CI, 1.3 to 3.5). Other measures of mothers' alcohol consumption (ie, average, maximum, and self-rated consumption) were unrelated to child injuries, as were all measures of fathers' drinking. Children of women who were problem drinkers married to men rated as moderate or heavy drinkers had a relative risk of serious injury of 2.7 (95% CI, 0.8 to 8.6) compared with children of nondrinkers. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —Children of women who are problem drinkers have an elevated injury risk; children with two parents who are problem drinkers are at higher risk. Further research is needed on potential mechanisms and interventions. Primary prevention might be enhanced if physicians elicited information about parental drinking, helped secure appropriate treatment, and participated in public health efforts to reduce the deleterious effects of alcohol. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:3166-3171)
General Anesthesia in Dental Offices-Reply
Authors: Daniel M. Laskin
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Goldbeck is correct when he notes that the number of deaths in the United States related to the administration of deep sedation or general anesthesia in the dental office is very difficult to determine accurately because of problems with reporting mechanisms. However, the study from Great Britain (where there is more controlled reporting of fatalities), done by Coplans and Curson,<sup>1</sup>does provide some statistically valid data that can be used for comparison. These data, presented by Dr Coplans at the Consensus Development Conference, involved both general dentists and oral surgeons and disclosed an overall office and community dental service mortality rate of 1:248,000. Even if there was a 50% error, the estimate of mortality risk would still be more than ten times less with general anesthesia administered in the dental office than in the hospital. This is not a condemnation of anesthesia services provided in the hospital
Embolization of a Solitary Kidney
Authors: Michael J. Sullivan
Journal: JAMA (1972)

In a patient who had undergone right nephrectomy for renal carcinoma 20 years earlier, anuria developed following left renal artery embolism. Nine days later, renal artery embolectomy was successfully performed. This represents the longest reported anuric interval between the onset of symptoms and successful treatment. Intraoperative, intra-arterial instillation of human fibrinolysin seemed to facilitate the removal of thrombotic material from the distal renal artery branches. Renal artery occlusion is reversible, at least occasionally, after prolonged nonfunction.
MEDICAL EDUCATIONWITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE SUBJECT OF PHYSIOLOGY.
Authors: MURRAY GALT MOTTER
Journal: JAMA (1905)

I realize that this subject is not one calculated to arouse very enthusiastic interest among general practitioners; nevertheless, I am firmly convinced that, until the general profession takes a more abiding and discriminating interest in the subject of medical education, American medicine will hold itself open to such criticism, whether just or unjust, as has recently emanated from a lofty source. In an address on this subject, delivered in 1870, Professor Huxley referred to the "singular unreality" of the knowledge of physiology possessed by candidates who appeared before him. "The knowledge I have looked for," he adds, "was a real, precise, thorough, and practical knowledge of fundamentals; whereas, that which the best of the candidates, in a large proportion of cases, have had to give me was a large, extensive, and inaccurate knowledge of superstructure." It is my purpose to show, by a few quotations, that much the same state
<i>Demodex</i>and skin disease - false creation or palpable form?
Authors: R.J. Hay
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

Journal Article Demodex and skin disease – false creation or palpable form? Get access R.J. Hay R.J. Hay Skin Infection Clinic Kings College Hospital NHS Trust Denmark Hill London SE5 9RS U.K Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 170, Issue 6, 1 June 2014, Pages 1214–1215, https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.13015 Published: 01 June 2014
OC-051 Siblings Of Crohn’s Disease Patients Exhibit A Biologically Relevant Dysbiosis In The Mucosal Microbial Community: A 16s Rrna Gene Pyrosequencing Study: Abstract OC-051 Table 1
Authors: C Hedin, C van der Gast, GB Rogers, S McCartney, AJ Stagg, JO Lindsay, K Whelan
Journal: Gut (2014)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Reduced mucosal <i>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii</i> predicts disease recurrence in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients. Siblings (SIBS) of CD patients have elevated risk of developing CD and share aspects of CD phenotype including faecal dysbiosis.<sup> [1]</sup> No study has compared mucosal microbiota in CD SIBS to unrelated healthy controls (HC). <h3>Methods</h3> Phenol/chloroform DNA extraction from rectal biopsies of 21 patients with quiescent CD, 17 of their healthy SIBS and 19 unrelated HC, and PCR amplification of the V1-V3 region of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene were performed. Microbiota composition was resolved by 454 pyrosequencing. <h3>Results</h3> For each group, mucosal microbiota were classified into common/abundant (core) vs. infrequent/rare.<sup>2 </sup>In terms of both microbial diversity (Shannon-Wiener and Simpson’s indexes of diversity) and species richness, core microbiota of both SIBS and CD patients were significantly less diverse than HC. The rare microbiota diversity was lower in CD compared with HC, but was not different between SIBS and HC. Metacommunity profiling (Bray-Curtis (S<sub>BC</sub>) index of similarity with unweighted pair group averages) showed core microbial metacommunity of SIBS to be more similar to CD (S<sub>BC</sub>=0.70) than to HC, whereas the rare microbial metacommunity of SIBS was more similar to HC (S<sub>BC</sub>=0.42). As in CD patients, the species that contributed most to the dissimilarity of healthy SIBS vs. HC was <i>F. prausnitzii</i>, Table 1. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This is the first in depth case-control study of the mucosal microbiota of SIBS of CD patients. Dysbiosis in SIBS was characterised by reduced diversity of core microbiota and lower abundance of <i>F. prausnitzii</i>. This dysbiosis in otherwise healthy, but at-risk people implicates microbiological processes in CD pathogenesis and risk. <h3>References</h3> 1 Hedin C <i>et al</i>. <i>Gut</i> 2014 doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2013–306226 2 van der Gast CJ <i>et al</i>.<i> ISME J</i> 5:780–791 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
COMBINED CLOPIDOGREL AND ASPIRIN TREATMENT UP TO SURGERY INCREASES THE RISK OF POSTOPERATIVE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, BLEEDING AND REOPERATION IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING
Authors: Antonio Miceli, Paolo M. de Siena, Brenno Fiorani, Francesco Romeo, Gianni D. Angelini, Massimo Caputo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Cats and Toxoplasmosis Risk in HIV-Infected Adults
Authors: Mark R. Wallace
Journal: JAMA (1993)

To establish the prevalence and incidence of toxoplasmosis in an adult human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) population, and to determine if cat ownership contributes to the risk of toxoplasmosis.Retrospective record and laboratory review, coupled with a patient survey.A tertiary-care military hospital HIV program.A total of 723 HIV-infected adults, all former or current US military personnel.Prevalence and incidence of serologic evidence of toxoplasmosis infection.A total of 723 HIV-infected patients had serial Toxoplasma IgG antibody determinations. Seventy patients (9.7%) were positive on their initial screen; the seronegative patients were tested annually for 1 to 5 years (mean duration of follow-up, 2.1 years). Only 13 patients (2.0%) who were initially seronegative acquired antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. None of the patients who seroconverted developed clinical disease. A pet history was available on 12 of 13 patients who seroconverted; only one (8.3%) had owned or lived in a household with a cat during the period of seroconversion. The calculated attributable risk of cat ownership/exposure for toxoplasmosis seroconversion in this population is -2.9 per 100 persons annually.Toxoplasma antibody seroconversion in an adult HIV-infected population is unusual and appears unrelated to cat ownership or exposure.
Transadventitial localisation of atheromatous plaques by fluorescence emission spectrum analysis of mono-L-aspartyl chlorin e6
Authors: J. Hayashi, Y. Kuroiwa, H. Sato, T. Saito, K. Aizawa
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Objective: The aim was to demonstrate specific detection of the fluorescence spectra of mono-L-aspartyl chlorin e6 (NPe6) emitted from atherosclerotic arterial lesions using an extravascular approach. Methods: Cholesterol fed atherosclerotic rabbits were injected intravenously with 0.5 mg·kg−1 of NPe6. A fluorescence spectrum analysis system with a dual real time imaging system and a flexible endoscopic catheter was used. The pulsed excimer dye laser excited the photosensitiser. The fluorescence spectra were measured by a fluorescence spectrophotometer. Results: Analysis of fluorescence spectra detected from outside the adventitia showed that a fluorescence spectrum peak at 675 nm was obtained only in parts of the artery with an atheromatous plaque; however, no fluorescence could be shown in aortic segments free of atheroma. It was also noted that the intensity of the specific peak of the spectrum detected from outside a vessel was closely related to the depth of atheromatous lesions, as determined by histological analysis. An in vivo study revealed good correlation between the peak intensity (which could vary with the amount of NPe6 accumulated in the tissue) measured laparoscopically from outside the abdominal aorta and the peak intensity measured angioscopically from inside the abdominal aorta. Conclusions: It is possible to detect atheroma from outside a vessel by fluorescence spectrum analysis employing NPe6 as the probe. Cardiovascular Research 1993;27:1943-1947
Long-term polyclonal and multilineage engraftment of methylguanine methyltransferase P140K gene-modified dog hematopoietic cells in primary and secondary recipients
Authors: Brian C. Beard, Reeteka Sud, Kirsten A. Keyser, Christina Ironside, Tobias Neff, Sabine Gerull, Grant D. Trobridge, Hans-Peter Kiem
Journal: Blood (2009)