tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Contraindications to immunisation
Authors: R. Illingworth
Journal: BMJ (1980)

It is worth pointing out that some of the drugs in Dr Catford's list are considered hazardous or undesirable on the basis of inadequate information relating to their use in children, and in fact two-thirds of the drugs in the British National Formulary and the Data Sheet Compendium' have limited use in children because of disclaimers or inadequate dose information.2For most other drugs in these prescribing reference texts the basis on which dose recommendations are made may be inappropriate,2 and there is little that the general practitioner can do about this.Good prescribing is certainly relative, but it seems to us that Dr Catford's method of assessing the quality of prescribing is both limited and inadequate.
The Premature Ventricular Complex as a Diagnostic Aid
Authors: Kyuhyun Wang, Morrison Hodges
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

▪ Premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) can provide clues to the physical or electrocardiographic diagnosis through the associated compensatory pause, the break in the regularity of the rhythm, or the morphology of the PVC itself. A PVC may allow visualization of the P wave or of atrial flutter waves that would otherwise be obscured in the electrocardiogram. It can also be useful in distinguishing an S3 gallop from an S4 gallop. The compensatory pause that follows a PVC may allow normal conduction of the next QRS complex in a patient with a rate-dependent intraventricular conduction defect, and this normalized QRS complex may contain important diagnostic findings. A PVC can also reveal a myocardial infarct pattern when the sinus complex fails to do so. Although the need to treat PVCs is currently being de-emphasized, their diagnostic utility should not be overlooked.
Regenerating nodules—Are they premalignant lesions? Papaccini GL, Pompili M, Caturelli E, Anti M, Aliotta A, Cedrone A, Amadei E, et al. Focal ultrasound lesions in liver cirrhosis diagnosed as regenerating nodules by fine-needle biopsy: follow-up of 12 cases. Dig Dis Sci 1990;35:422–427
Authors: T Wright
Journal: Hepatology (1991)
Large vessel occlusive disease associated with CREST syndrome and scleroderma.
Authors: P Youssef, H Englert, J Bertouch
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

OBJECTIVES--To report the cases of three patients with CREST syndrome and one patient with diffuse scleroderma who had severe macrovascular disease and only minimal vascular risk factors. METHODS--The medical histories, physical examinations, and results of clinical investigations were reviewed in four patients. RESULTS--These four patients had severe morbidity from macrovascular disease of the arms and legs in the presence of minimal underlying vascular risk factors. These patients represent 11% of the women with scleroderma seen at our hospital since 1974. This is a greater than threefold increase above the expected proportion of symptomatic vascular disease seen in population studies. In the patients with CREST syndrome, large vessel disease was first seen more than 10 years after the onset of Raynaud9s phenomenon, which was the first manifestation of the disease. A pathological specimen of the ulnar artery from one patient showed severe luminal narrowing by an acellular material with no evidence of atheroma. CONCLUSIONS--These cases suggest an association of both the CREST syndrome and scleroderma with macrovascular disease.
Mercuric Polyneuropathy With Albumino-Cytologic Dissociation and Eosinophilia
Authors: Alexander T. Ross
Journal: JAMA (1964)

ARTICLES and textbooks allude to mercury as a cause of neuritis, but few documented cases are reported. Even textbooks published during the period when mercury was extensively used for the treatment of syphilis mention, but do not elaborate upon, mercury neuritis.<sup>1</sup> The widespread use of metallic mercury, its salts and its compounds, would lead one to expect mercurialism in its various manifestations to be more common. Cognizance of the hazards of mercury has greatly reduced the incidence of poisoning which can occur by inhalation of vapor or dust particles, by ingestion or by absorption through the skin. The following case is an example of motor polyneuropathy following prolonged application of ammoniated mercury ointment to the skin. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 4-year-old adopted white boy was admitted to the James Whitcomb Riley Hospital on Dec 18, 1961, because of rapidly progressing difficulty in walking. In October, 1961, he developed
UK government announces plan to tackle alcohol
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2004)

UK alcohol manufacturers could be forced to give similar health warnings on alcohol bottles to those that currently appear on cigarette packets, if plans to tackle excessive drinking, outlined in a government report, are accepted.

The report, from the Prime Minister's strategy unit, outlines a package of measures to try to curb people's drinking because of the effect of excess alcohol on people's health and the separate issue of alcohol related violence. The measures include improving the “safe drinking” message as …
A memorable teacher
Authors: S. A Pai
Journal: BMJ (2002)

You learn better from a teacher who sets an example and leads from the front rather than one who merely spouts theory. I learnt many lessons, in the space of half an hour, from Dr Farokh Udwadia, professor of medicine at Grant Medical College and the Sir JJ Group of Hospitals in Bombay, when I was an undergraduate in the mid-1980s.

At a clinical meeting in early 1986, after the first case had been presented, …
Case of Idiopathic Gangrene: Recovery
Authors: W. Prowse
Journal: BMJ (1884)

MOy ,24t i8e44 9T4 hb-oo%plaine& Muoh beunfitiwua desived 'fromV-th ue ofAthenmi-tal.acids and strychnia, combined with w diet irestri4ted to.foh and white meats'ia reasoable quantity.On March 29th4 ihoweWerj t fow dark clQts were hawked ,up, t4gether with some.teawius witucUa; .iOud,. on April 6th, he ws ,stiddenly seis ed'in the night with profdse 1hacmo- rhage, whichbore
Diminished type I collagen synthesis and reduced alpha 1(I) collagen messenger RNA in cultured fibroblasts from patients with dominantly inherited (type I) osteogenesis imperfecta.
Authors: D W Rowe, J R Shapiro, M Poirier, S Schlesinger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Type I osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is characterized clinically by a moderate fracture frequency with minimal bone deformity and dominant inheritance. Previous studies of the collagenous proteins synthesized by dermal fibroblasts obtained from unrelated patients with this form of OI suggested that the biochemical basis of the disease was reduced production of type I collagen. This study was designed to determine if this biochemical finding segregated with the disease within an individual family. Dermal fibroblast strains were established from three generations of a family having the typical features of type I OI. Analysis of the collagenous proteins made in culture revealed an elevated alpha 1(III) to alpha 1(I) collagen type ratio and an elevated alpha 1(I) to alpha 2(I) collagen chain ratio. The procollagen that accumulated in the medium reflected these ratios to the same degree. Total collagen synthesis was significantly reduced in affected family members. Therefore, the most striking abnormality in affected members was a 50-75% reduction of type I collagen production. Furthermore, the ratio of the alpha 1(I)/alpha 2(I) collagen messenger RNA (mRNA), measured by dot hybridization, was one-half of the value of uninvolved family members and unrelated controls. Since the reduction in the production of type I collagen and the altered alpha 1(I)/alpha 2(I) mRNA ratio clearly segregated with affected individuals within this family, these biochemical measurements may be a useful genetic marker for type I OI.
Additive impairment of the barrier function by mechanical irritation, occlusion and sodium lauryl sulphate in vivo
Authors: J.W. Fluhr, A. Akengin, A. Bornkessel, S. Fuchs, J. Praessler, J. Norgauer, R. Grieshaber, P. Kleesz, P. Elsner
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2005)

Background The interaction between potential irritants in the workplace might be important because workers are not usually exposed to a single irritant, but to multiple potentially harmful substances. Physical irritant contact dermatitis caused by friction or mechanical abrasion is a common occupational dermatosis. Prolonged water exposure by occlusion is also common in the workplace. Several studies have revealed the negative effect of the common anionic detergent sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) on permeability barrier function. Objectives To study the additive impairment of permeability barrier function by mechanical irritation combined with 0·5% SLS or prolonged water exposure by occlusion, as models of mild irritation. Methods The volar forearms of 20 healthy volunteers were exposed to mechanical irritation and occlusion with water or 0·5% SLS for four consecutive days in a combined tandem repeated irritation test (TRIT). Permeability barrier function was measured with a Tewameter TM 210®. Irritation was assessed with a Chromameter CR 300® and a visual score. Results Barrier disruption in our model was rated as follows: occlusion with SLS and mechanical irritation > occlusion with SLS > occlusion with water and mechanical irritation > mechanical irritation and occlusion with water > occlusion with a glove and mechanical irritation > mechanical irritation > occlusion with water. Barrier disruption caused by occlusion or mechanical irritation was enhanced by the tandem application. The choice of irritant under occlusion, time of occlusion and order of tandem application all affected the degree of barrier disruption. Evaporimetry was able to detect early stages in the development of an irritant reaction before it became visible. Chromametry was not able to detect this early response. Conclusions Physical irritants (friction, abrasive grains, occlusion) and detergents such as SLS represent a significant irritation risk and should be minimized, especially when acting together, as shown in our TRIT model.
THE EFFECT OF DRUG-ELUTING STENTS ON CLINICAL AND ANGIOGRAPHIC OUTCOMES IN RENAL FAILURE PATIENTS WITH DIALYSIS: MULTICENTER REGISTRY IN ASIA
Authors: Sunao Nakamura, Hisao Ogawa, Jang-Ho Bae, Yeo Hans Cahyadi, Wasan Udayachalerm, Damras Tresukosol, Sudaratana Tansuphaswadikul
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
HODGKIN'S DISEASE OCCURRING SIMULTANEOUSLY IN TWO BROTHERS
Authors: G. J. McHEFFEY
Journal: JAMA (1934)

The two most common diseases that cause a progressive glandular enlargement in youth are tuberculosis and Hodgkin's disease. Consequently the diagnosis often lies between these two. These conditions may resemble each other so closely in the early stages of glandular enlargement that the clinical diagnosis between them is almost impossible. Furthermore, there is no absolute evidence of inherited tendencies in Hodgkin's disease or of direct contagion, and the occurrence of more than one case in a single family is of the greatest rarity. The opposite is true of tuberculosis. In the literature are found only a few reports of Hodgkin's disease in more than one member of a family. In 1911 Ziegler<sup>1</sup>stated that there were no recorded cases of the disease in parent and child and that no hereditary predisposition had been demonstrated. Cases in twins have been reported by Peacock<sup>1</sup>and Senator.<sup>1</sup>Degen<sup>1</sup>saw
GP payment system and support services are to be privatised
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Administrative support services for primary healthcare in England are to be outsourced by open tender after NHS England opted to divest its responsibility to a third party.

The decision came after a consultation on the future of NHS primary care support services. NHS England provides back-office support to NHS GPs in areas such as patient registrations, medical records, payments, and cancer screening. After a meeting of its governing body, NHS England rejected the option to retain in-house support services, arguing that an open commercial tender would “ensure the best deal for primary care and the taxpayer.”

The move follows an earlier commitment by NHS England to reduce support service costs by 40% and is likely to lead to hundreds of job losses among support staff.1 The services were previously located within primary care trusts before their abolition …
An approach to the pathogenesis of "white finger" induced by vibratory stimulation: acute but sustained changes in vascular responsiveness of canine hindlimb to noradrenaline
Authors: T. AZUMA, T. OHHASHI, M. SAKAGUCHI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1980)

Journal Article An approach to the pathogenesis of "white finger" induced by vibratory stimulation: acute but sustained changes in vascular responsiveness of canine hindlimb to noradrenaline Get access TAKEHIKO AZUMA, TAKEHIKO AZUMA ** From the Department of Physiology and Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Diseases, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar TOSHIO OHHASHI, TOSHIO OHHASHI ** From the Department of Physiology and Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Diseases, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MASAO SAKAGUCHI MASAO SAKAGUCHI †From the Department of Electrical Engineering, Nagano Technical College, Nagano Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 14, Issue 12, December 1980, Pages 725–730, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/14.12.725 Published: 01 December 1980
Polycystic Kidney Disease — An Old Problem in a New Context
Authors: Jared J. Grantham
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is the most common inherited disorder that leads to renal failure in adults. It is not a subtle ailment. The kidneys enlarge, often massively, because of the formation of innumerable fluid-filled cysts, which cause renal insufficiency in half the affected persons before the age of 70. The Polycystic Kidney Research Foundation estimates that between 400,000 and 600,000 Americans and more than 5 million people worldwide are at risk for the disease. Early signs and symptoms include hematuria, flank and back pain, nocturia, dysuria, hypertension, and an enlarging abdomen.Despite its high prevalence among renal disorders . . .
Octylphenol and UV-B radiation alter larval development and hypothalamic gene expression in the leopard frog (Rana pipiens).
Authors: Douglas Crump, David Lean, Vance L Trudeau
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

We assessed octylphenol (OP), an estrogenic endocrine-disrupting chemical, and UV-B radiation, a known stressor in amphibian development, for their effects on hypothalamic gene expression and premetamorphic development in the leopard frog Rana pipiens. Newly hatched tadpoles were exposed for 10 days to OP alone at two different dose levels; to subambient UV-B radiation alone; and to two combinations of OP and UV-B. Control animals were exposed to ethanol vehicle (0.01%) exposure, a subset of tadpoles from each treatment group was raised to metamorphosis to assess differences in body weight and time required for hindlimb emergence. Tadpoles from one of the OP/UV-B combination groups had greater body weight and earlier hindlimb emergence (p < 0.05), but neither OP nor UV-B alone produced significant changes in body weight or hindlimb emergence, indicating a potential mechanism of interaction between OP and UV-B. We hypothesized that the developing hypothalamus might be a potential environmental sensor for neurotoxicologic studies because of its role in the endocrine control of metamorphosis. We used a differential display strategy to identify candidate genes differentially expressed in the hypothalamic region of the exposed tadpoles. Homology cloning was performed to obtain R. pipiens glutamate decarboxylases--GAD65 and GAD67, enzymes involved in the synthesis of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). cDNA expression profiles revealed that OP and UV-B affected the levels of several candidate transcripts in tadpole (i.e., Nck, Ash, and phospholipase C gamma-binding protein 4 and brain angiogenesis inhibitor-3) and metamorph (i.e., GAD67, cytochrome C oxidase, and brain angiogenesis inhibitor-2 and -3) brains. This study represents a novel approach in toxicology that combines physiologic and molecular end points and indicates that levels of OP commonly found in the environment and subambient levels of UV-B alter the expression of important hypothalamic genes and disrupt tadpole growth patterns.
Canadian doctors angry about lack of action over health funding
Authors: D. Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The Canadian Medical Association's annual meeting last week focused on lengthening waiting lists, reduced funding for the provinces, and falling public confidence in the healthcare system. Delegates to the meeting had hoped that health minister Allan Rock would acknowledge these problems and offer the system more money.

Instead, Mr Rock went on the attack, questioning the validity of doctors' complaints about waiting lists and offering $C2.2m (£900000) to standardise methods of reporting them. In his address Mr Rock also said that Canadians …
Cimetidine-Theophylline-Terbutaline
Authors: A. SIDNEY BARRITT
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Letters and Corrections1 April 1982Cimetidine-Theophylline-TerbutalineA. SIDNEY BARRITT, M.D.A. SIDNEY BARRITT, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-96-4-530 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I prescribe Cimetidine frequently and try to be sensitive to its possible adverse effects. Thus, I was interested in Dr. Kushner's report of a movement disorder linked to use of Cimetidine (1).His evidence is persuasive. I propose an alternate mechanism in which theophylline is the ultimate culprit. This patient received Cimetidine, theophylline, and terbutaline simultaneously. Cimetidine alters the metabolism of other drugs, including theophylline (2, 3). I propose that Cimetidine delayed elimination of theophylline, allowing a previously therapeutic dose to become toxic. I have not seen chorea as a toxic effect of theophylline, but tremors have...References1. KUSHNER M. Chorea and Cimetidine. [Letter.] Ann Intern Med. 1982; 96:126. LinkGoogle Scholar2. ROBERTSGRICEWOODPETROFFMCGUFFIE RJLVC. Cimetidine impairs the elimination of theophylline and antipyrine. Gastroenterology. 1981;81:19-21. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. DESOMONDPATWARDHAMSCHENKERSPEEG PRSK. Cimetidine impairs the elimination of chlordiazepoxide (Librium) in man. Ann Intern Med. 1980;91:266-8. LinkGoogle Scholar4. RALL T. Central nervous system stimulants. In: Goodman & Gillman's Pharmacologic Basis of Therapeutics. 6th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, Inc. ; 1980:593. Google Scholar1. KUSHNER M. Chorea and Cimetidine [Letter. ] Ann Intern Med. 1982; 96:126. LinkGoogle Scholar2. CAMPBELLPLACHETKAJACKSONMOONFINLEY MJJJP. Cimetidine decreases theophylline clearance. Ann Intern Med. 1981; 95:68-9. LinkGoogle Scholar3. ROBERTSGRICEWOODPETROFFMCGUFFIE RJLVC. Cimetidine impairs the elimination of theophylline and antipyrine. Gastroenterology. 1981;81:19-21. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. REITBERGBERNHARDSCHENTAG DHJ. Alteration of theophylline clearance and half-life by Cimetidine in normal volunteers. Ann Intern Med. 1981;95:582-5. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Veterans Administration Medical Center Salem, VA 24153 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1982Volume 96, Issue 4Page: 530-531KeywordsDrug metabolismDrugsMovement disorders Issue Published: 1 April 1982 PDF downloadLoading ...
realistic constraints on brain color perception and category learning
Authors: stephen grossberg
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2005)

steels &amp; belpaeme (s&amp;b) ask how autonomous agents can derive perceptually grounded categories for successful communication, using color categorization as an example. their comparison of nativism, empiricism, and culturalism, although interesting, does not include key biological and technological constraints for seeing color or learning color categories in realistic environments. other neural models have successfully included these constraints.
Tissue–Specific Activity of Heterologous Viral Promoters in Primary Rat Hepatocytes and Hep G2 Cells
Authors: Fang Xian-Jun, Armand Keating, Jean de Villiers, Morris Sherman
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

In preparation for studies using gene transfer, we have identified transcriptional control elements which are active in primary rat hepatocytes. We used plasmids which were constructed so that the promoter or enhancer of interest initiated transcription of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene. Plasmids were introduced into primary rat hepatocytes in culture, into Hep G2 cells and other human and animal cell lines and into bone marrow stromal cells, and CAT activity was assayed after 48 hr. In primary rat hepatocytes, the highest CAT activity was obtained with plasmids carrying the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat (pRSVCAT), or the SV40 early region promoter and enhancer (pSV2CAT). Hepatocytes carrying the murine cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter (pUCRNmCMVX/HCAT) also had appreciable CAT activity. No CAT activity was detected in rat hepatocytes carrying pSVOCAT (a promoterless construct), pUCRNtKCAT (herpes simplex thymidine kinase gene promoter), pLPVCAT (lymphocytotrophic papovavirus promoter) and pHBV1CAT (hepatitis B virus enhancer and core gene promoter). Therefore, for future studies of gene transfer in primary rat hepatocytes, the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat or the SV40 early region promoter and enhancer can be effectively used to drive gene expression. Hep G2 cells carrying pHBV1CAT had high CAT activity. Hep G2 cells carrying pHBV2CAT (similar to pHBV1CAT, but with the hepatitis B virus sequences in reverse orientation with respect to the CAT sequences) and pHBV3CAT (similar to pHBV2CAT, but hepatitis B virus sequences are separated from the CAT sequences by about 700 bases) also expressed CAT activity, but not as strongly as with pHBV1CAT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Polycythaemia in Coal Miners with Chronic Lung Disease
Authors: B. W. B. Chan
Journal: BMJ (1969)

The polycythaemic response to hypoxia was studied in 30 ex-coal miners, comprising 14 patients with complicated pneumoconiosis and 16 with chronic non-specific lung disease. A close correlation was found between arterial oxygen saturation and haemoglobin, packed-cell volume, and the red cell mass.