tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the hepatic effects of nafenopin and WY-14,643 on peroxisome proliferation and cell replication in the rat and Syrian hamster.
Authors: B G Lake, J G Evans, M E Cunninghame, R J Price
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed control diet or diet containing 0.05% nafenopin (NAF) or 0.025% WY-14,643 (WY) and male Syrian hamsters were fed control diet or diet containing 0.25% NAF or 0.025% WY for periods of 1, 15, 40, and 60 weeks. Both NAF and WY produced a sustained increase in liver weight and induction of peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation in the rat and Syrian hamster. Replicative DNA synthesis was studied by implanting osmotic pumps containing [3H] thymidine during weeks 0-1, 14-15, 39-40, and 59-60. Cell replication, determined either as the hepatocyte labelling index or by incorporation of radioactivity into liver whole homogenate DNA, was increased in rats given NAF and WY for 1 week. However, only WY produced a sustained increased in cell replication after 15-60 weeks. After 40 weeks, liver nodules and tumors were present in WY-treated rats, and these lesions were observed in all WY-treated and some NAF-treated rats after 60 weeks. In contrast to the rat, no marked effect on replicative DNA synthesis and no liver nodules and tumors were observed in Syrian hamsters given NAF and WY for up to 60 weeks. The rat study demonstrates that liver tumors are produced more rapidly by doses of peroxisome proliferators that produce a sustained stimulation of cell replication, whereas the hamster study suggests that species differences may exist in both peroxisome proliferator-induced cell replication and liver tumor formation.
Concerns about revalidation
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2006)

This week brings an end to the consultation period on Liam Donaldson's report on professional regulation in the United Kingdom. There's been no shortage of comments on the report (this week's BMJ carries some more on p 965), with emotions running high on many issues. How should Donaldson respond?

On the face of it his recommendations represent a huge challenge to the profession—an end to professional self regulation with loss of elected representation, removal of the General Medical Council's control of undergraduate education (which effectively excludes it from setting standards at entry to the profession), and the setting …
Brief ischemia-reperfusion induces stunning of endothelium in canine coronary artery.
Authors: Y D Kim, J S Fomsgaard, K F Heim, P W Ramwell, G Thomas, E Kagan, S P Moore, S S Coughlin, M Kuwahara, A Analouei
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Brief ischemic episodes that induce stunning of the myocardium may also induce stunning of the coronary endothelium. To test this hypothesis, we examined both in vivo and in vitro responses of canine coronary arteries exposed to brief ischemia. METHODS AND RESULTS Functional recovery of the endothelium was examined in vivo during reperfusion after 15 minutes of ischemia. Vasodilatory responses to acetylcholine were severely impaired during the first hour of reperfusion but gradually improved over a 90-minute period after ischemia. The vasoconstrictive response to U46619 was enhanced for the first 30 minutes of reperfusion and returned to normal within 60 minutes. In vitro vasomotor responses to potassium chloride, acetylcholine, bradykinin, and sodium nitroprusside were examined in isolated segments of canine coronary arteries preexposed in vivo to brief ischemia (10-30 minutes) and 20 minutes of reperfusion. The results showed enhanced contractile responses and blunted endothelium-dependent but not endothelium-independent vasodilatory responses of arterial rings subjected to 10 minutes of ischemia. Twenty and 30 minutes of ischemia completely impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation. When reperfusion was extended to 120 minutes after 15 minutes of ischemia, vasodilatory responses to acetylcholine had recovered by almost 90%. Examination of endothelial integrity by transmission electron microscopy after 10-15 minutes of ischemia revealed no evidence of structural damage. Twenty and 30 minutes of ischemia induced cytoplasmic vacuolation, partial detachment of endothelium, and swelling of cytoplasmic organelles. CONCLUSIONS These data support the hypothesis that brief ischemia-reperfusion induces stunning of endothelium in which endothelium-dependent vasodilatory function is impaired temporarily without morphological damage.
Fatality Following Metallic Mercury Aspiration During Removal of a Long Intestinal Tube
Authors: Jack E. Zimmerman
Journal: JAMA (1969)

A 48-year-old man died following aspiration of metallic mercury during removal of a Miller-Abbott tube. Death resulted from massive endobronchial hemorrhage and was preceded by symptoms and signs of mercury poisoning. Metallic mercury may cause serious local and systemic effects when introduced parenterally. Prompt therapy with dimercaprol (BAL) combined with surgical excision where practical are recommended when these effects are detected.
Cowden's disease: clinical and molecular genetic findings in a patient with a novel<i>PTEN</i>germline mutation
Authors: J. Reifenberger, L. Rauch, M.W. Beckmann, M. Megahed, T. Ruzicka, G. Reifenberger
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Cowden's disease: clinical and molecular genetic findings in a patient with a novel PTEN germline mutation Get access J. Reifenberger, J. Reifenberger Departments of Dermatology and J. Reifenberger, Department of Dermatology, Heinrich‐Heine‐University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. E‐mail: reifenbergerj@med.uni‐duesseldorf.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Rauch, L. Rauch Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M.W. Beckmann, M.W. Beckmann Department of Gynaecology, Friedrich‐Alexander‐University, Erlangen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Megahed, M. Megahed Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Ruzicka, T. Ruzicka Departments of Dermatology and Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. Reifenberger G. Reifenberger Neuropathology, Heinrich‐Heine‐University, Düsseldorf Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 148, Issue 5, 1 May 2003, Pages 1040–1046, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05322.x Published: 01 May 2003 Article history Accepted: 25 November 2002 Published: 01 May 2003
Hypotensive sequelae of diazoxide and hydralazine therapy
Authors: G. P. Romberg
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  The article Hypotensive Sequellae of Diazoxide and Hydralazine Therapy (237:264, 1977) by Henrich et al coincides with our recent experience with these agents in the following two cases:  Case 1.—  A 62-year-old woman was seen in clinic for headache, malaise, and moderate shortness of breath. There was minimal prior hypertensive disease. She was not taking cardioactive or vasoactive medication. The blood pressure (BP) was 280/140 mm Hg; there were no signs of encephalopathy. She was given 20 mg of hydralazine hydrochloride intramuscularly and taken to the emergency room where the BP was 240/144 mm Hg. She was given 300 mg diazoxide intravenously. Within 20 minutes the BP was 60/0 mm Hg; heart rate was 130 beats per minute; and the ECG showed diffuse ST-segment depression. Eight hours of pressor therapy was required. There were no apparent cardiologic sequellae. Of note, 48 hours after the acute fall in
Black Widow Spider
Authors: Elizabeth T. Matthews
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1997)

To the Editor: Thanks to Dr. Stack (June 5 issue)1 for the stunning photograph and description of the black widow spider. However, in my area, I usually encounter black widow spiders from the dorsum, not the ventrum, so the hourglass marking is not visible. The dorsum is also characteristic. Black widow spiders have a shiny, fat abdomen that looks like a big black grape, with the longest legs extending out in front. For those foolish enough to retrieve wood from the woodpile in the dark, the unmistakable crinkling, crackling sound of a black widow spider's web breaking is an early . . .
Singapore to speed up medical council's disciplinary procedures
Authors: B. Bland
Journal: BMJ (2009)

The Singapore health ministry is strengthening the powers of its medical watchdog as it seeks to ensure that the large influx of foreign doctors in recent years does not lead to a decline in professional and ethical standards.

Under proposed amendments to the existing medical registration law, the disciplinary process of the Singapore Medical Council (SMC) is to be streamlined and the maximum punishment for errant doctors increased to a fine of $S100 000 (£50 000; €50 000; $70 000) and a lifetime ban.

Although Singapore has one of …
A singular case of multiple myeloma and primary biliary cirrhosis strictly associated in pathogenesis and response to alkylating therapy
Authors: Antonio Lazzaro, Patrizia Bernuzzi, Annalisa Arcari, Raffaella Bertè, Filippo Carlo Moroni, Elena Trabacchi, Daniele Vallisa, Luigi Cavanna
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

To the Editor: Various hematological malignancies
Impaired fasting glucose and the risk of hypertension in Japanese men between the 1980s and the 1990s. The Osaka Health Survey.
Authors: C Suematsu, T Hayashi, S Fujii, G Endo, K Tsumura, K Okada, H Morii
Journal: Diabetes Care (1999)

To determine whether impaired fasting glucose (IFG) increased the risk for hypertension in two large Japanese cohorts during the different time periods.We prospectively investigated two Japanese cohorts: a 1980s population, comprising 4,130 normotensive and nondiabetic men aged 35-60 years entered between 1981 and 1983, and a 1990s population, comprising 4,319 normotensive and nondiabetic men aged 35-60 years entered between 1991 and 1992. Data on lifestyle factors were obtained from questionnaires. IFG was defined as a fasting plasma glucose level > or = 110 and < 126 mg/dl.During the 4-year observation period, 708 cases of hypertension were confirmed in the 1980s and 848 cases were confirmed in the 1990s. In both the 1980s and 1990s populations, IFG was associated with the risk of hypertension. The frequency of IFG in men in the 1990s group was twice as high as that in the 1980s group. The multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of hypertension was 1.54 (95% CI, 1.01-2.34) for men with IFG in the 1980s population and 1.73 (1.31-2.29) in the 1990s population, compared with those without IFG in the two populations. In the 1990s population, among lean men with a BMI < or = 23 kg/m2, men with IFG had a multivariate-adjusted OR of hypertension of 2.31 (1.46-3.65) compared with those without IFG.This study demonstrated direct correlation between IFG and hypertension and greater incidence of this hypertension in the 1990s group than in the 1980s group.
George F. Stevenson, MD
Authors: George C. Hoffman
Journal: JAMA (1994)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Drugs Five Years Later
Authors: JEROME LOWENSTEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Clonidine represents the prototype of a new class of centrally acting antihypertensive agents, classed as partial alpha-adrenergic antagonists. Blood pressure reduction is characterized, hemodynamically, by reduced cardiac output with unchanged peripheral vascular resistance at rest. Reflex control of blood pressure during orthostasis and exercise appears to be unimpaired, and orthostatic hypotension is uncommon. As with most other antihypertensive agents, satisfactory reduction of blood pressure with clonidine given as a sole agent is limited to patients with relatively mild hypertension; an additive or synergistic effect of diuretic administration has been well documented. Abrupt withdrawal of clonidine has been reported to be followed, within 24 to 36 h, by rebound hypertension, tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmias, and other changes suggestive of sympathetic overactivity. The incidence and clinical significance of rebound hypertension after abrupt cessation of clonidine therapy, and indeed the profile of blood pressure responses to varying physical activity during therapy, remain to be evaluated.
Impact of Lamotrigine and Lithium on Weight in Obese and Nonobese Patients With Bipolar I Disorder
Authors: Charles Bowden
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2006)

Objective: This study assessed weight changes in a large cohort of patients with bipolar disorder who were treated with randomly assigned maintenance monotherapies. Method: A post hoc analysis was conducted to assess the effects of lamotrigine, lithium, and placebo administration on body weight in obese and nonobese patients with bipolar disorder from two double-blind, placebo-controlled, 18-month studies. Results: Mean changes in weight among obese patients (N=155) at week 52 were –4.2, +6.1, and –0.6 kg with lamotrigine, lithium, and placebo, respectively (lamotrigine versus lithium and lithium versus placebo). Among nonobese patients (N=399), mean changes in weight (kg) at week 52 were –0.5, +1.1, and +0.7 with lamotrigine, lithium, and placebo, respectively, with no significant differences among groups. Conclusions: Obese patients with bipolar I disorder lost weight while taking lamotrigine and gained weight while taking lithium.
Contribution of Hippocampal and Extra-Hippocampal NR2B-Containing NMDA Receptors to Performance on Spatial Learning Tasks
Authors: Jakob von Engelhardt, Beril Doganci, Vidar Jensen, Øivind Hvalby, Christina Göngrich, Amy Taylor, Chris Barkus, David J. Sanderson, J. Nicholas P. Rawlins, Peter H. Seeburg, David M. Bannerman, Hannah Monyer
Journal: Neuron (2008)
Bacterial Endotoxin Activity in Human Serum Is Associated With Dyslipidemia, Insulin Resistance, Obesity, and Chronic Inflammation
Authors: Mariann I. Lassenius, Kirsi H. Pietiläinen, Kati Kaartinen, Pirkko J. Pussinen, Jaana Syrjänen, Carol Forsblom, Ilkka Pörsti, Aila Rissanen, Jaakko Kaprio, Jukka Mustonen, Per-Henrik Groop, Markku Lehto
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

To investigate whether bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activity in human serum is associated with the components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in type 1 diabetic patients with various degrees of kidney disease and patients with IgA glomerulonephritis (IgAGN).Serum LPS activity was determined with the Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate chromogenic end point assay in type 1 diabetic patients with a normal albumin excretion rate (n = 587), microalbuminuria (n = 144), macroalbuminuria (n = 173); patients with IgAGN (n = 98); and in nondiabetic control subjects (n = 345). The relationships of the LPS/HDL ratio and MetS-associated variables were evaluated with Pearson correlation.The MetS was more prevalent in type 1 diabetic patients (48%) than in patients with IgAGN (15%). Diabetic patients with macroalbuminuria had a significantly higher serum LPS/HDL ratio than patients with IgAGN. In the normoalbuminuric type 1 diabetic group, patients in the highest LPS/HDL quartile were diagnosed as having the MetS three times more frequently than patients in the lowest quartile (69 vs. 22%; P < 0.001). High LPS activity was associated with higher serum triglyceride concentration, earlier onset of diabetes, increased diastolic blood pressure, and elevated urinary excretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1.High serum LPS activity is strongly associated with the components of the MetS. Diabetic patients with kidney disease seem to be more susceptible to metabolic endotoxemia than patients with IgAGN. Bacterial endotoxins may thus play an important role in the development of the metabolic and vascular abnormalities commonly seen in obesity and diabetes-related diseases.
Frequent detection of T cells with mutations of the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase gene in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Authors: Kentaro Horikawa, Tatsuya Kawaguchi, Sonoko Ishihara, Shoichi Nagakura, Michihiro Hidaka, Tadashi Kagimoto, Hiroaki Mitsuya, Hideki Nakakuma
Journal: Blood (2002)
BMJ group appoints acting editor and acting chief executive
Authors: Annabel Ferriman
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Health was confirmed as the government's biggest spending priority in Chancellor Gordon Brown's UK spending review this week.The NHS will receive an annual real terms rise of 7.1%paid for in part by the axing of more than 100 000 civil servants' jobs, including 727 from the Department of Health, and other efficiency savings.
Tc-99m HMPAO Cerebral Scintigraphy A Reliable, Noninvaslve Method for Determination of Brain Death
Authors: H. WIELER, K. MAROHL, K. P. KAISER, P. KLAWKI, H. FRÖSSLER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1993)

To determine the usefulness of cerebral blood flow imaging for the diagnosis of brain death, 4 female and 12 male patients, aged 19 to 69 years and suffering from various intracranial lesions, were studied. In addition to neurologic examination, electroencephalographic recording, and cerebral angiography, tomographic brain scintigraphy was performed using a SPECT system with a LEAP collimator after the intravenous administration of 555 MBq Tc-99m HMPAO. The radioisotopic scanning procedure revealed no intracranial perfusion in 14 of the 16 patients. Only minimal cerebellar blood flow was seen in one patient. In another, residual right-sided supratentorial flow was initially present but absent in a follow-up HMPAO SPECT. Carotid angiography (four-vessel contrast media angiography) confirmed the above results without exception. Because HMPAO is taken up by normal brain tissue with no significant redistribution for several hours, the tracer is particularly helpful in cases of suspected brain death. The quality of the tracer must be established by chromatography. Interpretation of the SPECT images produces reliable and reproducible results. In conclusion, cerebral blood flow imaging with HMPAO is a safe, noninvasive procedure for the determination of brain death, that produces fast, reliable, reproducible, and easy-to-interpret results.
The Doctor in the Newsroom
Authors: Robert C. McGiffert
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Fortunately, people like John Hersey and Truman Capote have not tried to write articles for so-called learned or professional journals. Authors writing for such journals need a special kind of gamesmanship, and Hersey and Capote just don't have it. Neither did Winston Churchill. The rules of journal composition are few but they are rigidly enforced. The first is the rule of elongation. It demands that the simple thought be expressed in complex terms. Under this rule, an educator describes a conversation as "an interpersonal oral communication," a psychologist refers to dislike as "a negative affective response," a communications theorist calls a club "a social organization in which people cooperate to accomplish specific goals," a surgeon speaks of an operation as "surgical intervention." The second rule is to put first things last. Under this rule, the results of an investigation are kept secret as long as possible. By reviewing the literature,
Forward and Backward Transmission of Pressure Waves in the Pulmonary Vascular Bed of the Dog
Authors: COLIN G. CARO, DEREK H. BERGEL, W. ANTHONY SEED
Journal: Circulation Research (1967)

Pressures were measured in lobar pulmonary arteries, veins, and left atria of anesthetized open-chest dogs. Observations were made before and after snaring the lobar vessels and before and after infusing dextran to raise the mean pressure. Pressure waves were subjected to harmonic analysis. Forward (artery to vein) and backward (vein to artery) transmission (output/input pressure) and transmission ratios (forward/backward transmission) were calculated for each harmonic. At low frequencies, forward transmission was increased by dextran, but backward transmission was unaffected. At low frequencies and high mean pressures the bed was nonsymmetrical, forward transmission being several times greater than backward at the same mean pressure (transmission ratio &gt;1). The findings were analyzed with the aid of simple models. Nonsymmetry at low frequencies and high mean pressures appears to be due to arterial exceeding venous compliance. The findings and resulting theory are pertinent to the understanding of the shape and amplitude of arterial "wedge"-pressure traces.
Ceftriaxone and reversible cholelithiasis.
Authors: R. H. Meyboom, H. Kuiper, A. Jansen
Journal: BMJ (1988)

with comparisons following on a regional basis in England, where travelling expenses were usually funded either regionally or by districts.Indeed, some may claim that the whole intercomparison procedure would still be under consideration, rather than in progress, without this Scottish initiative.
Ultrastructural demonstration of peroxidative activity and peroxidation in ischaemic and ischaemic-reperfused rabbit hearts
Authors: C. P Mack, K. M Brosamer, M. Shlafer
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Objective: The aim was to characterise subcellular histochemical evidence of the involvement of peroxidation and peroxidases in myocardial reperfusion injury. The histochemical technique involved the use of 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB), which reacts with peroxides and proteins with peroxidase activity to form an electron dense polymer. Methods: Isolated rabbit hearts were perfused (Langendorff method) for 30 min with oxygenated physiological saline solution. Some were subjected to 30 min of normothermic global ischaemia, with or without 30 min reperfusion. Non-ischaemic control hearts were perfused continuously for 90 min. Hearts were fixed with glutaraldehyde and cut into 100-150 μm sections that were incubated for 1 h in buffered DAB (1 mg·ml−1) with or without added KCN or H2O2. They were processed further for transmission electron microscopy. Planimetry was done on micrographs taken from random fields (≈500 photos). Results: The total amount of DAB polymer in non-ischaemic control heart sections incubated with DAB alone occupied l.19(SEM 0.44) (μ2·1000 μ−2 total cell area. For ischaemic-nonreperfused hearts, the value was 2.32(0.90) μ2·1000 μ−2 (p=0.223 v control); DAB occupied 7.49(1.42) μ2·1000 μ−2 in ischaemic-reperfused hearts (p=0.001 v control). DAB positive staining of mitochondria and lipid droplets, but not of peroxisomes, was significantly increased in reperfused hearts compared with non-ischaemic controls. Conclusions: Reperfusion, but not ischaemia, was associated with increased DAB staining. This suggests a reperfusion induced increase in myocyte peroxidation. Increased staining may be due to the actions of haem proteins with peroxidase activity on peroxidised lipid. Cardiovascular Research 1993;27:371-376