tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical Problems: Quantitation of Transplacental Haemorrhage
Authors: P. L. Mollison
Journal: BMJ (1972)

On four occasions over a period of four years samples of adult blood to which known amounts of fetal blood had been added were distributed to 8-12 different laboratories taking part in clinical trials organized by an M.R.C. Working Party. Estimates were made of the proportion of fetal: adult red cells in the samples after preparing films by the acid-elution method. When the proportion of fetal: adult red cells was less than about 1:10,000, the highest and lowest estimates were separated by a factor of about 10. However, when the number of cells present was between about 1:100 and 1:1,000, most results were between half and twice the true number of cells present.It is pointed out that since fetal red cells are approximately 30% larger than adult red cells, and since only about 90% of fetal cells stain darkly in the acid-elution method, estimates of the proportion of darkly-staining cells in a film underestimate the volume of fetal red cells present by about one-third. A simple formula is proposed which corrects for this factor and which gives an estimate of the total volume of fetal red cells present, deduced from the ratio of fetal: adult red cells and assuming a maternal red cell volume at term of 1,800 ml.A method of screening blood films is suggested which, firstly, endeavours to standardize the density of adult red cells on films, and, secondly, takes into account the Poisson distribution. Thus limits are set for the number of fetal red cells which can be seen in scanning a given number of adult cells before the suspicion is aroused that a transplacental haemorrhage exceeding a certain amount is present.It is emphasized that the density of adult red cells on blood films varies very widely, and unless the cell density and the size of the low-power field are defined the practice of deducing the extent of transplacental haemorrhage from the number of fetal red cells seen per low-power field may lead to large errors.
Effect of Clozapine on Caudate Nucleus Volume in Relation to Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Authors: Floortje E. Scheepers, Christine C. Gispen de Wied, Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol, René S. Kahn
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2001)

OBJECTIVE: Studies have found that caudate volume increased after treatment with typical antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia but decreased after treatment was changed to clozapine. In the current study the authors examined whether this volume decrease was related to clinical improvement. METHOD: Twenty-eight patients with schizophrenia who had not responded to treatment with typical antipsychotics were included in the study; 22 completed the study. Caudate volume was assessed by using magnetic resonance imaging during treatment with typical antipsychotics and after 24 weeks and 52 weeks of clozapine treatment. Symptoms were assessed just before clozapine treatment and once a month thereafter. RESULTS: Clozapine treatment resulted in a significant reduction in left caudate volume in patients who responded to the drug but not in patients who did not respond to clozapine at 52 weeks of treatment. Overall, the degree of reduction in left caudate volume was significantly related to the extent of improvement in positive and general symptoms but not in negative symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the caudate nucleus plays a role in the positive and general symptoms of schizophrenia.
Criteria of fitness for anaesthesia in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease.
Authors: J S Milledge, J F Nunn
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Twelve patients with severe chronic obstructive lung disease undergoing 15 operations were assessed with preoperative lung function tests and blood gas estimations. Their operative and postoperative course was followed. There were no deaths or serious complications. Patients fell into three groups: those with low respiratory capacity but normal blood gases, who required no special respiratory treatment apart from physiotherapy and antibiotics; those with hypoxaemia but normal arterial carbon dioxide pressure, who needed more prolonged oxygen treatment after operation; and those with hypoxaemia and hypercapnia, who needed postoperative ventilatory support. While forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV) is a good screening test in preoperative assessment it should be supplemented by arterial blood gas estimations in patients with an FEV of less than 1 litre.
Correction of Respiratory Motion in Hepatic Scintigraphy
Authors: M A WILSON, J GAINES
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

An analog device to correct for respiratory motion was used in 100 consecutive liver scans to determine its clinical utility. The sets of scan images generated were reviewed separately, then together, without knowledge of clinical presentation or imaging technique. When the images were reviewed separately, there was no clinically significant change in patient classification. When the images were reviewed together, 57% of the patients had detectable differences in image features, and in most instances this difference was limited to a clearer definition of organ outline or normal variants (e.g., gallbladder fossa). Of the 17 patients with focal hepatic disease, 14 had these defects better defined or additional lesions identified. Of the 18 patients with definite, diffuse, nonhomogeneous tracer distribution as seen in the uncorrected images, 12 had changes in scan appearance with motion correction. In eight patients the scan pattern became more normal, but in four the abnormal pattern was modified to that of focal defects.
Increased serum levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor-related protein is a sensitive marker for acute coronary syndrome in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Shoichi Miyamoto, Masaki Ikemoto, Koji Hasegawa, Noritoshi Nagaya, Shun-ichi Tamaki, Kunihisa Miwa, Masatoshi Fujita
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Respiratory burst activity of intestinal macrophages in normal and inflammatory bowel disease.
Authors: Y R Mahida, K C Wu, D P Jewell
Journal: Gut (1989)

Macrophages isolated from normal mucosa (greater than 5 cm from tumour) and inflamed mucosa (from patients with inflammatory bowel disease) of colon and ileum were studied for their ability to undergo a respiratory burst as assessed by reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium to formazan. Using phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and opsonised zymosan as triggers, only a minority (median: 8% for zymosan and 9% for PMA) of macrophages isolated from normal colonic mucosa demonstrated release of oxygen radicals. In contrast, a significantly greater (median: 17% for zymosan and 45% for PMA) proportion of macrophages isolated from inflamed colonic mucosa were able to undergo respiratory burst. Studies with normal and inflamed ileum showed similar results. Stimulation of macrophages isolated from normal colon with interferon-gamma produced only a small increase in the proportion of cells showing release of oxygen radicals. We conclude that the respiratory burst capacity of majority of macrophages isolated from normal colon and ileum is downregulated and a greater proportion of macrophages isolated from inflamed colon and ileum are able to undergo a respiratory burst.
Tat-independent replication of human immunodeficiency viruses.
Authors: L Luznik, G Kraus, J Guatelli, D Richman, F Wong-Staal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

The replication of human immunodeficiency retroviruses involves a complex series of events that is regulated at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. The tat gene product is a potent trans-activator of viral transcription and therefore an attractive target for the development of antiviral drugs. Tat-defective HIV-1 proviral DNA clones have been shown previously to be replication defective. In this study, we report that tat-defective HIV-1 and HIV-2 viral DNA transfected into U937 cells can direct efficient viral replication in the presence of transcriptional stimulators such as TNF-alpha and PMA. In MT-4 cells, tat-defective HIV-1 can replicate without any stimulation. The viruses recovered from MT-4 cells remained tat defective defined by their inability to infect T cell lines (e.g., Molt 4/8) although replication could be rescued with cytokines. Limited replication was observed in primary mononuclear cells. Furthermore, we showed that Ro 24-7429, a potent tat antagonist and antiviral compound, failed to suppress HIV-1 replication in TNF-alpha-stimulated T cells. These results have important implications for targeting tat as a therapeutic strategy for AIDS.
Unresolved Major Pulmonary Embolism Long-Term Scintigraphic Follow-up
Authors: H R HAM
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

A case of unresolved pulmonary embolism is presented. Repeated Tc-99m MAA perfusion and Kr-81m ventilation imaging performed during 6 years of follow-up showed that the shape of hypoperfused areas remained segmental and that the ventilation in these areas remained normal. This case illustrates the necessity of performing control perfusion imaging at the end of anticoagulotherapy. Indeed, without the previous imaging, the results of the follow-up study can be interpreted erroneously as a new episode of acute pulmonary embolism.
Primary osteoarthritis of the elbow.
Authors: M Doherty, B Preston
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

<h3>Background</h3> Living with incurable cancer is extremely stressful and nowadays patients live longer with the diagnosis. Nevertheless, the quality of this survival is unclear. Knowledge regarding QoL is surprisingly inconsistent. <h3>Aim</h3> Describe patients’ perceptions of quality of life in incurable cancer at the end of life. <h3>Methods</h3> Data was collected from two focus groups, each one with four incurably ill patients with cancer. The interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim into text. The meetings were carried out at a hospital. An interpretive description method was used to analyse interview results. <h3>Results</h3> Patients described that receiving alleviation from physical symptoms was important to their QoL. Being free from pain and fatigue as well as retaining balanced rest and physical activities made them feel functional. Psychological suffering was relieved with the aid of pharmaceutical treatment for anxiety and depression. It helped them from crying, to escape despair and increased their will to live. The importance of having significant relations and networks was also discussed. <h3>Discussion</h3> The main findings showed that patients approaching death go through a phase that is transitional by nature. Thoughts in association with this are that some incurably ill patients with cancer do not regard their QoL as being as negative as one might expect. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The findings can be useful for healthcare professionals to implement in palliative care. With increased knowledge and understanding care can be improved by focusing on positive aspects of QoL, e.g. by encouraging patients to verbalise positive aspects in their individual lives.
Use of Live In-Vivo Lymphatic Imaging Techniques to Study the Effects of Immune Cell Interactions in a Syngeneic Mouse Model of Breast Cancer
Authors: S. Irshad, F. Flore Flores-Borja, R. Evans, G. Fruhwirth, J. Monypenny Pitmilly, S. Poland, S. Ameer-Beg, A. Tutt, T. Ng
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2013)
Natural killer cell-derived large granular lymphocyte lymphoma of lung developed in a patient with hypersensitivity to mosquito bites and reactivated Epstein-Barr virus infection
Authors: Masao Mizuki, Shuji Ueda, Shinichi Tagawa, Hirohiko Shibayama, Yoshitaka Nishimori, Masaru Shibano, Hideo Asada, Masato Tanaka, Shigekazu Nagata, Urara Koudera, Kenichi Suzuki, Takashi Machii, Masahiko Ohsawa, Katsuyuki Aozasa, Teruo Kitani, Yuzuru Kanakura
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

A 17-year-old female developed natural killer (NK) cell-derived large granular lymphocyte (LGL) lymphoma of the lung. She had a past history of hypersensitivity to mosquito bites (HMB). After an eight-year chronic, active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, she developed multiple lung lesions and pleural effusion. In the effusion, 60% of the cells were LGL. They were CD2+, 3-, 16+, 56+, 57+, 45RO+/RA + weak, and possessed strong NK activity. No rearrangement of T-cell-receptor genes was detected. From all these results, a diagnosis of NK-LGL lymphoma of the lung was made. EB virus DNA was detected in cells infiltrating the pleural effusion. The clonality of the LGLs was determined by Southern blot hybridization with the terminal repeat sequence of EB virus as a probe, and by chromosomal abnormalities. The patient died from respiratory failure. Necropsy of the lung revealed diffuse lymphoma composed of polymorphic cells with typical angiocentric lesions. Reportedly, lymphomas of NK lineage show predominantly extranodal involvement, and primary lung lesions are rare. In the pleural effusion of the present case, abnormally high levels of soluble Fas ligand, interleukin-10 and interferon gamma were detected. This hypercytokinemia, reflecting the microenvironment of lymphoma cells, may play a role in the progression of the lymphoma and organ injury in the lung.
EFFECTS OF MESCALINE AND LYSERGIC ACID (d-LSD-25)
Authors: PAUL H. HOCH, JAMES P. CATTELL, HARRY H. PENNES
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1952)

The effects of mescaline and lysergic acid were studied in schizophrenic patients. It was found that physiological changes were produced in these patients and that their mental symptomatology was markedly aggravated. The observations made with the above-mentioned drugs on normal individuals were compared with those seen in schizophrenic patients. Mescaline and lysergic acid are drugs that disorganize the psychic integration of a person. This disorganization is much more apparent in schizophrenics than in normals. The diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic use of these drugs is also discussed.
NI-40 * MR IMAGING AND SPECTROSCOPY PROVIDES INSIGHT INTO MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION AND IDH-MUTATION STATUS IN DIFFUSE LOW-GRADE GLIOMA
Authors: L. Jalbert, J. Phillips, A. Molinaro, S. Chang, S. Nelson
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Infiltrating low-grade gliomas (LGGs) comprise a heterogeneous class of central nervous system tumors with variable outcome. Commonly, tumors of this type recur at a higher grade upon undergoing malignant transformation (MT). The goal of this study is to further evaluate the imaging characteristics associated with MT using state-of-the-art functional magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Our study comprised 125 patients who received informed consent before undergoing surgical resection of lesions recurring from a previously diagnosed LGG. In addition to standard anatomical imaging, each patient received functional physiologic and metabolic imaging that included diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI), and long-echo metabolic spectroscopic imaging (MRSI). Tissue sample targets were chosen based on regions of suspected tumor and obtained through image-guided surgery. Each target was analyzed for histopathological markers that included IDH-mutation, relative tumor content, necrosis, CA9 status (measure of hypoxia), MIB-1 status, cellular density, SMI-31 status and vascular status. Malignant transformation was shown to have occurred in 56% of patients (44% Grade III and 12% Grade IV), while 44% of patients remained at Grade II. Significant differences were observed for lesion-level measures of choline to N-acetylasparate index (CNI), normalized apparent diffusion coefficient (nADC), and normalized Cerebral Blood Volume (nCBV) and Peak Height (PH) for patients whose lesions had undergone malignant transformation. Interestingly, measures of the ADC predicted the presence of IDH-mutations within Grade II lesions. These results are being consolidated into a multi-parametric algorithm for predicting malignant transformation, which could be of clinical interest in managing patients with recurrent LGG. Further analysis is ongoing for in vivo parameters at the region of tissue excision and correlation with histopathology.
Morbidity and mortality of car occupants: uses of the injury severity score.
Authors: D F Heath
Journal: BMJ (1985)

common in the younger patients and that the distribution of the various virus infections corresponded to expectations with respect to age.Our range of testing was limited, and many common virus infections-for instance, ECHO virus, parainfluenza virus, and so on-would have gone undetected.Our incidence of 30 4% is, therefore, almost certainly an underestimate.Both the incidence and the density of S aureus carriage in the nasopharynx increase dramatically during viral upper respiratory tract infections.4We believe that this, taken with the temporary suppression of host defence mechanisms during acute virus infections,3 may explain many cases of S aureus septicaemia and endocarditis of apparently spontaneous onset.Confirmation of these findings would suggest vaccination, where feasible, against common virus infections for patients with valvular heart disease, especially when young or after heart surgery.
Quantitative aspects of patello-femoral cartilage fibrillation in Liverpool necropsies.
Authors: G Meachim, I H Emery
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1974)

The significance of ageing as a possible factor contributing to the pathogenesis of osteoarthrosis is debatable (Byers, Contepomi, and Farkas, 1970); moreover, the matter may require separate consideration for the hip, knee, and other joints.Necropsy studies of the incidence, natural history, and severity of age-related cartilage lesions in various joints are relevant to this question.Age changes in the hip, knee, and other joints have been studied by Heine (1926), in the knee joint by 0wre (1936) and
TCT-207 Beta Radiation For Renal Nerve Denervation: Initial Feasibility And Safety
Authors: Ron Waksman, Israel Barbash, Rosanna Chan, Pamela Randolph-Jackson, Richard Baffour, Rufus Seabron, David Hellinga, Addisalem Makuria, Renu Virmani
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
IMMUNOLOGIC STUDIES OF HUMAN HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS
Authors: Louis DeLalla, Lawrence Levine, Ray K. Brown
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1957)

High density serum lipoprotein underwent serologic and physicochemical alterations on aging during storage at 0°C. for 1 month, as judged by decrease of diffusion coefficient and increase of C' fixation. Ultracentrifugation, dialysis, and high concentrations of sodium chloride did not cause these changes. A protein sedimenting at density 1.24 in the ultracentrifuge reacted with antiserum to high density lipoprotein. Probably it was the protein portion of α lipoprotein dissociated from the lipide during ultracentrifugation. Although the antiserum to high density lipoprotein did not react with low density lipoprotein prepared from normal serum, it reacted with similarly prepared lipoproteins from the serum of a patient with biliary cirrhosis.
Possible benefit of oral alitretinoin in T-lymphoproliferative diseases: a report of two patients with palmoplantar hyperkeratotic-rhagadiform skin changes and mycosis fungoides or Sézary syndrome
Authors: S. Molin, T. Ruzicka
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2009)

Journal Article Possible benefit of oral alitretinoin in T‐lymphoproliferative diseases: a report of two patients with palmoplantar hyperkeratotic‐rhagadiform skin changes and mycosis fungoides or Sézary syndrome Get access S. Molin, S. Molin Department of Dermatology, Ludwig‐Maximilians University, Frauenlobstrasse 9–11, D‐80337 Munich, Germany E‐mail: sonja.molin@med.uni‐muenchen.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T. Ruzicka T. Ruzicka Department of Dermatology, Ludwig‐Maximilians University, Frauenlobstrasse 9–11, D‐80337 Munich, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 161, Issue 6, 1 December 2009, Pages 1420–1422, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09475.x Published: 01 December 2009
Public has fewer worries about sharing health information than other personal data
Authors: A. Cole
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Members of the public tend to feel more positive about the collection and use of personal health information than they do about other forms of personal data, a research study by the medical charity the Wellcome Trust has found.1

The study, which took place between April and May this year, investigated people’s concerns about the use of personal data through a series of focus groups and one to one phone interviews. A total of 50 people were involved.

The researchers found widespread anxieties about the potential abuse of …
Importance of serum VEGF and basic FGF levels in determining response to treatment and survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.
Authors: Muge Keskin, Zeki Ustuner, Murat Dincer, Durmus Etiz, H.Eray Celik, Zafer Gulbas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e21050 Background: Colorectal cancer has an important place in worldwide death from cancer causes. Angiogenesis, in which angiogenic factors such as VEGF and basic FGF have a key role, is an important factor in patient survival with respect to progression and metastatic spreading in colorectal cancer. In this study, we aimed to determine that whether serum VEGF and bFGF pre- and post-treatment serum levels are decisive in evaluating response to treatment and progression in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients treated with FOLFIRI-bevacizumab. Methods: In 33 mCRC patients treated in our department serum VEGF and bFGF levels were monitored in the beginning of treatment and until progression during FOLFIRI-bevacizumab treatment before 4.-, 8.- and 12.-regimens. Serum levels of VEGF and bFGF were assssed using the quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. Results: In our study serumVEGF and bFGF levels were significantly higher than the healthy controls (p&lt;0.001). We found that the patients with pre-treatment high serum bFGF levels have significantly short PFS and with pre-treatment high serum LDH levels have significantly short overall survival (OS). In patients with pre-treatment low serum VEGF value (&lt; 147.79 pg/ml) had significantly longer OS (27.93 vs 23.27 mounts, P:0.026) in metastatic rectum cancer. In multivariate analysis were found to be prognostic factors VEGF levels and side of tumor for PFS and VEGF levels and whether to be operated of tumor for OS. Conclusions: Serum VEGF level was detected to be one of the factors that determine PFS and OS in mCRC. Pretreatment serum bFGF levels were determined PFS and monitorization of serum bFGF during treatment was found to be releated to response to treatment. Pretreatment serum LDH level was detected to determine OS in metastatic CRC. Although there was no statistical significance, in mCRC patients, whose pretreatment serum VEGF were high, PSK was longer with bevacizumab treatment. The important of pretreatment high serum VEGF level to select for treatment of bevacizumab will be planed in metastatic CRC requires to be confirmed in comprehensive, prospective studies.