tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acute Stress Is Not Responsible for Glucose Dysregulation in Chronic Schizophrenia
Authors: Jogin H. Takore
Journal: Diabetes Care (2003)

The article by Shiloah et al. (1) in no way answers the question of whether the glucose dysregulation observed in patients with acute psychotic episodes is due to the stress of the psychosis. The design of this study has major flaws that make it impossible to draw any firm conclusions from the findings presented. First, the term “acute psychotic stress” is not defined by the authors and is certainly not found in the DSM-4 handbook as indicated by the authors. Furthermore, no diagnostic criteria are used to confirm the diagnoses of “chronic schizophrenia” or indeed “residual or paranoid schizophrenia.” Though we are told that patients with “acute psychotic stress” were hospitalized, we are also told on page 1463 that “All patients were well controlled before admission.” Exactly what this statement means is not explained.

Patients taking medications that could influence insulin or glucose activity were excluded. Yet we are given a list of medications in “Patients and study design” in the second point …
Cannabis and Cancer Chemotherapy
Authors: SUSANNA E. BEDELL
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

Letters1 February 1979Cannabis and Cancer ChemotherapySUSANNA E. BEDELL, M.D.SUSANNA E. BEDELL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-90-2-276_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, commonly known as marijuana, has been extensively mystified, mythologized, and politicized during the 20th century. The scientific review by Dr. Tashkin and co-authors (Ann Intern Med89:539-549, 1978) offers hope for a more rigorous, cautious, and clinically relevant use for cannabis. Although this excellent discussion is optimistic in its anticipation of the future for cannabis in clinical medicine, it is flawed by its limited appreciation of the research already showing delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol to be beneficial for some groups of human subjects. Dr. Tashkin's statement that the "potential therapeutic properties [of cannabis] were gradually forgotten" during the 20th...Reference1. SALLAN S, ZINBERG N, and FREI E: Antiemetic effect of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. N Engl J Med 293:795-797, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: SUSANNA E. BEDELL, M.D. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1979Volume 90, Issue 2Page: 276-276KeywordsCancer chemotherapyCannabisForecastingMarijuana ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1979 PDF downloadLoading ...
HAS PROGRESS BEEN MADE IN THE MEDICINAL TREATMENT OF TYPHOID FEVER?Read in the Section of Practice of Medicine, Materia Medica and Physiology, at the Forty-first Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, at Nashville, Tenn., May, 1890.
Authors: T. J. HAPPEL
Journal: JAMA (1890)

Almost semi-annually the medical public is treated to announcements of new remedies that are either infallible cures for, or at least very largely diminish the death-rate in many diseases, most notably, continued fevers.At once the en- thusiasts rush into the field of experience and soon medical journals teem with reports of successes, beyond expectation from every quarter.These reports grow less and less favorable.The roseate hue disappears, and soon opposite reports begin to fill the pages of the same journals and finally the pendulum swings to its furthest point and begins to return.
Tony Copperfield's Primary Care Scream
Authors: K. Barraclough
Journal: BMJ (2003)

I mostly gave up reading the general practitioner trade magazines some years ago. Reading them was like having an endlessly pessimistic friend following you around, whispering in your ear all the time. I would alternate between impotent rage and mute depression. Now that they go into the bin, I no longer feel the entire world is against me, and I've stopped having the injections. The exception, which I always read, is Tony Copperfield's splenic rant in Doctor magazine against all that is wrong with being a doctor in general, and a GP in particular.

Butterworth-Heinemann

£17.99,

pp 248 plus CD Rom

ISBN 0 7506 8793 2

www.elsevierhealth.com

Rating: …
THE TREATMENT OF OPEN FRACTURES.Read by title in the Section on Surgery and Anatomy at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at San Francisco. June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: JOHN B. HAMILTON
Journal: JAMA (1894)

If aseptic surgery had been practiced only in the treatment of open (compound) fractures, it would have accomplished much for humanity. It is safe to say that there are not one half as many amputations performed since the commencement of the present treatment as formerly. Lives have been saved that otherwise would have been sacrificed, and useful limbs are now seen where a few years ago, a wooden substitute was worn as a perpetual reminder of the shortcomings of the surgical art. The aseptic treatment of an open fracture requires first the thorough cleansing of the limb and the wound. The limb should be shaved and washed clean. Irrigation with boiled water is the best means of securing cleanliness of the wound. If there should be venous oozing, it should be stanched with hot water, or irrigated with a bichlorid of mercury solution 1 to 4,000. The styptic effect of
Persistence of Symptoms in Veterans of the First Gulf War: 5-Year Follow-up
Authors: Gozde Ozakinci, William K. Hallman, Howard M. Kipen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

During the 1990-1991 Gulf War, approximately 700,000 U.S. troops were deployed to the Persian Gulf theater of operations. Of that number, approximately 100,000 have presented medical complaints through various registry and examination programs.Widespread symptomatic illness without defining physical features has been reported among veterans of the 1991 Gulf War. We ascertained changes in symptom status between an initial 1995 symptom evaluation and a follow-up in 2000.We assessed mailed symptom survey questionnaires for 390 previously surveyed members of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Gulf War Registry for changes over the 5-year interval in terms of number and severity of symptoms.For the cohort as a whole, we found no significant changes in symptom number or severity. Those initially more symptomatic in 1995 showed some improvement over time, but remained much more highly symptomatic than those who had lesser initial symptomatology.The symptom outbreak following the 1991 Gulf War has not abated over time in registry veterans, suggesting substantial need for better understanding and care for these veterans.
Value of Routine Urography During Cerebral Angiography
Authors: Henry A. Shenkin, Howard Pollack, Fredric Somach, Surin Bijaisoradat
Journal: JAMA (1964)

A routine film of the abdomen should be taken immediately following cerebral angiography in order to visualize the urinary tract. The feasibility of doing this without interference with the cerebral studies or detriment to the patient is demonstrated. This suggestion is further warranted by the relatively high yield of useful and, most often, unexpected information. Thirty-five of 275 consecutive patients undergoing cerebral angiography had urograms which were abnormal or worthy of special comment. Twenty-four (9%) of these were of distinct significance in the evaluation or care of the patient. This suggestion offers the further possibility of being another method for arriving at the true incidence of the association of certain cerebral and renal pathological entities.
Acantholytic dyskeratotic epidermal naevus localized unilaterally in the cutaneous and genital areas
Authors: None Cottoni, None Masala, None Cossu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1998)

A 38-year-old woman presented with unilateral lesions on the left side of the body and in the genital area. Clinically, the lesions showed a polymorphic pattern: brownish papules in the axilla, keratotic comedo-like papules on the hand and foot, and whitish papular plaques on the labia majora and anal canal. There was no family history of skin diseases. Histologically, cutaneous and mucosal specimens were characterized by acantholytic and dyskeratotic cells, corps ronds and grains in the parakeratotic zone, and by hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis. A diagnosis of epidermal naevus with acantholytic dyskeratosis was made.
Symptoms and Illness: The Cognitive Organization of Disorder
Authors: Candace Clark
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Only a small proportion of the "problematic experiences," or "disorders," experienced by people in Western societies eventuate in visits to medical practitioners, despite the ongoing search for cues of disorder, interpretation of the meanings of disorder, and creation of strategies for coping with disorder. In<i>Symptoms and Illness</i>, Locker studies, within a carefully spelled-out symbolic interactionist and phenomenological framework, the everyday worlds of lay persons to discover how health and illness are constructed and managed. That is, his purpose is to discover how perceptions of events and states are woven together with elements from the culture's common stock of knowledge to produce reasonable definitions and to formulate appropriate lines of action. Locker's analysis is based on intensive interviews with six British women regarding their own and their family's health problems. Most of the respondents had not had extraordinary experiences with illness; rather, they were ordinary women with ordinary families. Deftly
Phase 2 Reentry as a Trigger to Initiate Ventricular Fibrillation During Early Acute Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Gan-Xin Yan, Ajay Joshi, Donglin Guo, Thinn Hlaing, Jack Martin, Xiaoping Xu, Peter R. Kowey
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Phase 2 reentry caused by heterogeneous loss of the transient outward potassium current (I(to))-mediated epicardial action potential (AP) dome can produce a closely coupled R-on-T extrasystole leading to ventricular fibrillation (VF) under conditions of ST-segment elevation unrelated to ischemia. The present study examined the role of phase 2 reentry in the initiation of VF during early myocardial ischemia.Regional myocardial ischemia was produced in an isolated, arterially perfused canine right ventricular wedge preparation. Transmembrane APs from 2 epicardial sites at each side of the ischemic border were simultaneously recorded together with measurements of extracellular potassium concentration ([K+]o) and a transmural ECG. Loss of the I(to)-mediated epicardial AP dome in the ischemic zone but not in the perfused tissue resulted in phase 2 reentry and associated R-on-T extrasystoles capable of initiating VF in 7 of 15 preparations during the first 3 to 9 minutes of myocardial ischemia, with marked ST-segment elevation and [K+]o accumulation. The I(to) and phase 1 magnitude of epicardium contributed importantly to the onset of VF. Phase 1 magnitude and I(to) density at +30 mV in the group with phase 2 reentry-related R-on-T extrasystoles were 32.2+/-1.3 mV and 30.3+/-0.5 pA/pF (n=7), respectively, significantly greater than those (24.0+/-1.8 mV and 23.2+/-1.0 pA/pF) in the group without the extrasystoles (n=8, P<0.01).Acute regional myocardial ischemia results in markedly heterogeneous loss of I(to)-mediated epicardial AP domes across the ischemic border, leading to phase 2 reentry. Phase 2 reentry can in turn produce an R-on-T extrasystole capable of initiating VF.
Linezolid to treat extensively drug-resistant TB: retrospective data are confirmed by experimental evidence: Table 1–
Authors: Giovanni Sotgiu, Rosella Centis, Lia D'Ambrosio, Antonio Spanevello, Giovanni Battista Migliori
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

To the Editor: 

Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) (defined as TB caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains with in vitro resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin plus any fluoroquinolone and at least one of the second-line injectable drugs, amikacin, capreomycin or kanamycin) on top of being a growing public health concern, represents a nightmare for the clinician [1–4]. The crucial therapeutic issue is the difficulty of identifying at least four available “active” anti-TB drugs, to ensure treatment success as well as to prevent the emergence of additional drug resistance [1–4].

After more than 40 years without new anti-TB drugs appearing on the horizon, new chemical compounds ( i.e. bedaquiline, PA-824 and delamanid) seem promising for these difficult-to-treat cases of TB [4, 5].

While the necessary experimental studies will prove how to use them, more and more interest is currently focused on existing antibacterial drugs with new indications for drug-resistant TB, particularly linezolid, meropenem, clofazimine and cotrimoxazole [6–9].

Based on in vitro and pharmacological data, suggesting that linezolid (an oxazolidinone antibiotic) could be efficacious in treating mycobacterial infections, and on anedoctal evidence of its effectiveness in the smallest groups of patients, it was used off-label, despite its high price, to treat multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB cases in several countries. The little scientific supporting data on the efficacy, safety and tolerability of linezolid came from ad hoc randomised, controlled clinical trials, as well as from large observational studies [7].

The European Respiratory Journal recently published a systematic review and a meta-analysis of individual patients focused on the main published epidemiological observational studies (n=12), describing cohorts of TB patients (n=121) treated with linezolid-containing regimens in 11 countries [7 …
Should antihistamines be used to treat anaphylaxis?
Authors: D A Andreae, M H Andreae
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Anaphylaxis is a serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and potentially fatal.1 Guidelines and experts agree that adrenaline (epinephrine) is the first line treatment for anaphylaxis.2 Internationally, however, treatment guidelines differ widely,3and the widespread use of antihistamines in anaphylaxis, often as first line treatment instead of adrenaline, has led to concern.4 5 

### International guidelines are conflicting on the use of antihistamines in anaphylaxis

No randomised controlled clinical trials or observational studies exist to inform us: a Cochrane review recently failed to identify any randomised controlled clinical trials evaluating antihistamines in acute anaphylaxis6; only one prospective trial was identified but was excluded as it lacked a control group and did not study patients with anaphylaxis.7 Our own PubMed search also did not identify any randomised controlled clinical trials or observational or cohort studies examining the appropriateness of antihistamines in anaphylaxis.

Unsurprisingly, a recent comparison of important international guidelines found conflicting advice about antihistamines,3 reflecting the uncertainty in international clinical practice: a US guideline recommends the use of diphenhydramine as second line treatment in anaphylaxis8; evidence for this recommendation is graded as “expert opinion/extrapolated from higher order evidence.”9 An Australian guideline advises against the use of antihistamines in anaphylaxis (except in special circumstances).10 The Resuscitation Council of the United Kingdom still recommends chlorphenamine as second line treatment after initial resuscitation, grading evidence to support its use as …
P120 Observational study of acute admissions with non-infective asthma and COPD to Perth Royal Infirmary following the eruption of Icelandic volcano Eyjafjallajokull and subsequent ash cloud formation
Authors: M. E. M. Wilkie, M. Anderson, S. Schembri
Journal: Thorax (2010)

Introduction and objectives Eyjafjallajokull, a volcano in Iceland erupted on the 20th March 2010 after a prolonged period of seismic activity starting late 2009. Subsequent ash cloud formation on 14th April caused considerable disruption to Scottish and European airspace. Studies performed in Japan and the British West Indies showed that noxious by-products including sulphur dioxide, have a significant impact on asthma and COPD admissions and severity.[1][1] [2][2] The aim of this study was to record trends of hospitalisation for non-infective exacerbations of asthma and COPD from eruption until volcano quiescence. Methods Data of all patients admitted to PRI over the period of 20 March 2010 to 31 May 2010 with shortness of breath was collected. Patients included were those with a diagnosis of non-infective asthma or COPD. Other admission diagnoses were excluded. We recorded diagnosis, age and sex. Results 100 patients were admitted with shortness of breath during the study period. 12 patients were diagnosed with non-infective asthma (mean age 52, M:F=5:7) and 17 with non infective COPD (mean age 76, M:F=5:12). The preponderance of female admissions has been noted in previous studies.[2][2] Ash cloud formation occurred at day 26 with closure of Scottish airports at day 27, 45, 51 and 58. Ash production subsided day 63. We observed a cluster of admissions from day 22 to day 37. Conclusions The cluster of admissions associated with ash cloud presence suggests the possibility of a causative effect. Our study is however limited by the duration of data collection and the absence of a comparative data from previous years. ![Abstract P120 Figure 1][3]</img> Abstract P120 Figure 1 Total number of non-infective COPD and asthma admissions following eruption of Eyjafjallajokull to Perth Royal Infirmary. [1]: #ref-1 [2]: #ref-2 [3]: pending:yes
Advanced Coronary and Carotid Arteriopathy in Young Adults With Childhood-Onset Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Jun Oh, Rainer Wunsch, Martin Turzer, Malte Bahner, Paolo Raggi, Uwe Querfeld, Otto Mehls, Franz Schaefer
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Cardiovascular mortality is excessive in young adults with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The factors contributing to ESRD-related vascular disease are incompletely understood. Young adults with childhood-onset chronic renal failure (CRF) are uniquely suited for risk factor assessment because of their long-term exposure at an age when vascular pathology in the general population is still minimal. Methods and Results — We used novel noninvasive technologies to screen for coronary and carotid artery disease in 39 patients with ESRD aged 19 to 39 years with childhood-onset CRF presently treated by dialysis or renal transplantation. Coronary artery calcification burden was assessed by CT scan with ECG gating and the intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid arteries by high-resolution ultrasound. Coronary artery calcifications were present in 92% of patients; calcium scores exceeded the 95th age- and sex-specific percentiles &gt;10-fold on average. Carotid IMT was significantly increased compared with matched control subjects. Both coronary calcium scores and IMT were associated with cumulative dialysis and ESRD time and the cumulative serum calcium-phosphate product. Coronary calcium scores were strongly correlated with C-reactive protein and Chlamydia pneumoniae seropositivity, time-averaged mean serum parathyroid hormone, and plasma homocysteine. C-reactive protein and parathyroid hormone independently predicted coronary calcium accumulation. Smoking, obesity, and HbA1c were correlated with IMT in the control subjects but not in the patients. Conclusions — Young adults with childhood-onset CRF have a high prevalence of arteriopathy associated with indicators of microinflammation, hyperparathyroidism, calcium-phosphate overload, and hyperhomocysteinemia but not traditional atherogenic risk factors. These risk factors persist even after successful renal transplantation.
Summer PSA tests may lead to more biopsies
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2007)

Men who undertake the prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening test for prostate cancer in the summer are more likely to have a subsequent biopsy than men tested at any other time of the year.

A new study, published in European Urology (doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2006.11.042) shows that concentrations of PSA are higher in the summer, resulting in a higher likelihood of referral for a biopsy of up to a …
Propranolol and serum calcium in thyrotoxicosis.
Authors: Y K Seedat, A I Vinik, E G Stewart-Wynne
Journal: BMJ (1970)

months resulted in early and continued overall improvement.The stools became firmer and the frequency reduced to two or three a day.There was relief of the abdominal pain and discomfort.His weight has remained constant at 8-st.(55 kg.).He has been maintained for 11 months on one tablet t.d.s. with no evidence of tolerance developing, and now has returned to his normal work as a garage mechanic.My thanks to Dr. B.
AN ARTICLE CONTRIBUTED TO AN ANNIVERSARY VOLUME IN HONOR OF DOCTOR JOSEPH HERSEY PRATT
Authors: FR. STRIECK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1937)

Article1 October 1937AN ARTICLE CONTRIBUTED TO AN ANNIVERSARY VOLUME IN HONOR OF DOCTOR JOSEPH HERSEY PRATTMETABOLIC STUDIES IN A MAN WHO LIVED FOR YEARS ON A MINIMUM PROTEIN DIET*FR. STRIECK, Ph.D., M.D.FR. STRIECK, Ph.D., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-11-4-643 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptI have on several occasions had the opportunity of coöperating in making interesting studies of persons who voluntarily carried out with great care and devotion a one-sided extreme diet. Such were the final studies by Dr. E. F. DuBois,1upon Dr. V. Stefansson and K. Andersen, both of whom had lived for a long time exclusively upon meat and fat and the internal organs of butchered animals. We were able also in 1933 and later to carry out observations on a well known nutritional physiologist, Dr. C. Röse, who for 15 years investigated the question of the minimum protein requirement,...Bibliography1. MCCLELLAN WS: Der Einfluss einer einjährigen ausschliesslichen Fleischkost bei zwei Menschen, Klin. Wchnschr., 1930, ix, 931-932. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. HEUPKE W: Der Eiweissverbrauch und Eiweissbedarf des Menschen, München. med. Wchnschr., 1934, lxxxi, 353-355. Google Scholar3. SÜSSKIND : Der Eiweissbedarf des Menschen, München med. Wchnschr., 1934, i, 723. Google Scholar4. RÖSE C: Vierjährige Ernahrung an der Grenze des Eiweissmindesbedarfes, Ztschr. f. d. ges. exper. Med., 1934, xciv, 579. CrossrefGoogle Scholar5. BRUMANBAUMGARTNER FO: Der Einfluss der Ernährung auf den Stoffumsatz bei der Arbeit, die Wirkung verschiedener Eiweiss-Arten, Arch. f. klin. Med., 1934, clxxvi, 519-525. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: FR. STRIECK, Ph.D., M.D.Affiliations: Würzburg,*Received for publication June 23, 1937.From the Medical Clinic of the University of Würzburg, Prof. E. Grafe, Director. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byA Conspectus of Research on Protein Requirements of ManTreatment of Obesity with a Low Protein Calorically Unrestricted DietDer Diabetes mellitus 1 October 1937Volume 11, Issue 4Page: 643-650KeywordsDietFatsMeatNutritionProteins ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1937 PDF downloadLoading ...