tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Last Illness and Post-mortem Examination of Samuel Johnson
Authors: G. J. Squibb
Journal: BMJ (1849)

IN the following paper, I propose to give a succinct account of the ma- la(lies under which Dr. Samuel Johnson, the great lexicographer and moralist, suffered, ancd to notice their influence upon his chiaracter and disposition.I shall, as far as possible, allow Johnsoil to speak for himself.To tliis, I shall append the very interesting post-mortem ex- amination,' and a few practical remarks, ill reference to the disease and its treatment.Dr. Johnson, the subject of the following paper, was more or less a sufferer from hiis earliest chiildllood; having had the misfortune to be afflicted witlh Scrofula from his infancy, to suclh an extent, ilndeed, as to seriously affect the sight of onie eye.He had, he fancied, contracted this maladv from a diseased nurse; and it tenided greatly to embitter the re- mainder of his life, and was probably the secret cause of that irascibility of temper by whlich he was so frequentlv disturbed.Unfortunately, also, at this time, Dr. Swinfen, the physician whom lie consulted, impru- dently expressed to him his opinion, that the vvile melancholy" whicl affected him so early in life, would probably terminiate in insanity.After struggling with tlhis strumous disease, both mentally and plhysically, in his early manhood, he came to London in 1737, being then in the twenty-ninth year of lis age.At this time his pecu1iittry resources were very limited, and his necessities coinsequently most urgenlt; he also suffered severely froin an attack of dyspepsia, produced most likely from the wanit of regular an(d proper nutriment, coupled with the de- pressing iifluenices attendant upon his sad condition.It is about this period that we find hini signling himself " Imnpralusus", in it letter to Cave; and upon one occasion, he alnd lis friend Savage, not beinig al)le to raise the means to obtain their usual dinner in "Porridge Island", were content to inhale the fumnes of pea-soup and boiled beef, for which that vicinity was then so celebrated; anid probably those strange gesticulations, with whiielh at thi.s time hie was so much af- fected, and which continued in after life, were, in fact, a species of Chorea Sancti TViti, or St. \Vitus's Dance, induced by nervous irritability, the result of dehility; for Johnson was of large stature, and always ani immense eater.It is not the oliect of this paper to eniter into de- tails respecting the various literary strutggles and undertakings, which occupied so much of Jolhnson's time anid attention at this period of his history, further than to revert to such particulars as may have a bearing upon his case in a medical point of view.It will be niecessary, therefore, to state, that in the year 1 747, wheni about forty, and at the period he was engaged upoln his great work, The Dictionarr, he suffered acutely from an attack of his hypoehonndr-iacal disorder, anid was found, during one of those fits, l)y Dr. Adams, in a most deplorable state of I D:i the kindql permission and liberalitv of DR. '1XS] 1N.
Antibody to the ligand of CD40, gp39, blocks the occurrence of the acute and chronic forms of graft-vs-host disease.
Authors: F H Durie, A Aruffo, J Ledbetter, K M Crassi, W R Green, L D Fast, R J Noelle
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Chronic and acute graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD and aGVHD) result from donor cells responding to host disparate MHC alleles. In cGVHD (H-2d-->H-2bd), heightened polyclonal immunoglobulin production is due to the interaction of donor allospecific helper T cells (Th) and the host B cells. In vivo administration of antibody to the ligand for CD40, gp39, blocked cGVHD-induced serum anti-DNA autoantibodies, IgE production, spontaneous immunoglobulin production in vitro, and associated splenomegaly. Antibody production remained inhibited for extended periods of time after termination of anti-gp39 administration. Antiallogeneic CTL responses induced in a GVHD were also prevented by the in vivo administration of anti-gp39 as was the associated splenomegaly. These data suggest that CD40-gp39 interactions are critical in GVHD and that CD40-gp39 may be a valuable ligand-receptor pair for targeting immunotherapeutic agents to control GVHD.
Tc-99m ANTIMONY SULFIDE COLLOID (SbSC) LYMPHOSCINTIGRAPHY OF THE PROSTATE BY DIRECT TRANSRECTAL INJECTION
Authors: L S Zuckier, M Finkelstein, P Stone, S Z Freed, R Bard, M D Blaufox, L M Freeman
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Zuckier, L S; Finkelstein, M; Stone, P; Freed, S Z; Bard, R; Blaufox, M D; Freeman, L M Author Information
Abstract 2056: Molecular delineation of TIP150 function underlying kinetochore microtubule dynamics during mitotic chromosome segregation
Authors: Tarsha L. Ward
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The microtubule cytoskeleton orchestrates the cellular dynamics and plasticity that underlies cellular morphogenesis. Microtubule binding proteins known as “TIP” proteins regulate the dynamic properties of microtubules during chromosomal segregation and cellular division. Our recent study revealed that TIP150 is a novel plus end tracking protein interacting with EB1 and MCAK in vitro and in vivo (EMBO Reports. 2009. 10:857-65). However, it is unclear whether and how this interaction regulates chromosome segregation in mitosis. We hypothesize that Tip150 is essential for chromosome segregation, and governs proper kinetochore-microtubule attachment at the microtubule plus end. To delineate the molecular function of TIP150 and its regulation in chromosome segregation and the mitotic cell cycle, a combination of biophotonic analyses with RNA interference was employed. Immunofluorescence reveals that TIP150 localizes to the outer most part of the kinetochore and to the ends of growing microtubules by its C-terminal domain. Suppression of TIP150 resulted in an increase in mitotic defects, reduced kinetochore-microtubule attachment, and perturbed chromosome oscillation dynamics. Furthermore, the use of total internal reflection microscopy reveals a novel role for TIP150-EB1 elicited tracking to the microtubule ends. We reason that TIP150 is essential for kinetochore-microtubule attachment in mitosis and microtubule dynamics. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2056. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2056
Reduced pain during screening colonoscopy with an ultrathin colonoscope: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: K. Garborg, M. Løberg, J. Matre, Ø. Holme, M. Kalager, G. Hoff, M. Bretthauer
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

<b>Background and study aims: </b>Screening colonoscopy for colorectal cancer (CRC) is recommended in several countries, but uptake rates are often low. Fear of pain and also time-consuming costly sedation are barriers for colonoscopy, and thus development of colonoscopy equipment that decreases patient discomfort is worthwhile. This randomized controlled trial investigated the performance of an ultrathin colonoscope in CRC screening. <b>Patients and methods:</b> Consecutive participants in a colonoscopy screening trial were randomized to examination with an ultrathin prototype colonoscope or a standard colonoscope. The main outcome measure was pain during the examination. Participants rated pain (no, slight, moderate, severe) using a validated questionnaire. <b>Results:</b> From 187 enrolled participants (80 women [43 %]), 162 (87 %) responded to the questionnaire. The study groups were similar regarding baseline characteristics. Pain scores were significantly lower in the prototype instrument group compared with the standard group (78 % vs. 29 % of patients with no pain in prototype and standard groups, respectively; odds ratio [OR] 0.11; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.06 – 0.23; <i>P</i> < 0.001). Cecal intubation rate was 98 % in the prototype group and 92 % in the standard group (<i>P</i> = 0.085). Sedation was used in 2 % and 7 % in the prototype and standard groups respectively (<i>P</i> = 0.12). Adenoma detection rate was 13 % in the prototype group vs. 24 % in the standard group (<i>P</i> = 0.052). <b>Conclusion:</b> The new ultrathin Olympus colonoscope decreases patient pain during screening colonoscopy. This feature may improve uptake and patient satisfaction in screening colonoscopy. Further study is needed to evaluate the lower adenoma detection rate. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01370928.
UNSATISFACTORY BASAL METABOLIC TEST AS A RESULT OF PERFORATED EAR DRUMS
Authors: R. G. Owen
Journal: JAMA (1928)

The case here reported may explain one of the causes of unsatisfactory basal metabolic tests. Mrs. G. S., a housewife, aged 48, height 171 cm., weight 64 Kg., temperature 98.6 F., pulse 80, and blood pressure 138 systolic and 88 diastolic, gave a basal metabolic reading of minus 36 per cent (fig. 1), June 9, 1927. The tracings were utterly unsatisfactory and pointed clearly to leakage into the closed circuit of the machine. Careful search for such leaks was unsuccessful. We asked for further tests. The first tracing obtained five days later (fig. 2) was again impossible of interpretation except on the basis of a leak into the machine, as we had more gas in the spirometer bell at the end of the test period of six minutes than at the start. There was no evidence of leakage about the mouthpiece or noseclip. Close questioning elicited the information that the patient
A history lesson
Authors: C. Rundle
Journal: BMJ (2003)

I first met Joan after she was admitted to hospital for investigation of a persistently raised serum creatine kinase concentration. Provisional arrangements had been made for electromyography and muscle biopsy, in case she had polymyositis. Joan was grateful for the medical attention, but somewhat surprised at the urgency of admission. She had suffered from exertional muscle pain and weakness for as long as she could remember. Ever since childhood, she had experienced mobility problems: after walking only short distances, she would have to stop and rest because of the aching in her legs. These intrusive symptoms had affected many aspects of her life.

Joan's father had worked on the railways, so they had enjoyed free rail travel. …
917-96 In Vitro Inhibition of Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation by Sterol 27-Hydroxylase Metabolites
Authors: B.M. Steinberg, E.A. Grossi, J. Greenberg, C. Bizekis, W.J. O’Connor, A. Reiss, A.C. Galloway, N.B. Javitt
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Survival models for familial aggregation of cancer.
Authors: W Mack, B Langholz, D C Thomas
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1990)

It has recently been shown that the relative risks of the order of 2 to 4 that are frequently found for cancer among relatives of affected cases are unlikely to be explainable by shared environmental risk factors. Classical methods of epidemiological analysis are not well suited to such analysis because they assume that the outcomes of each individual are independent. Classical methods of genetic analysis, on the other hand, are limited in their handling of environmental factors and variable ages of onset. The recent development of random effects models for survival analysis, however, appears to bridge this gap. Specifically, a proportional hazards model is postulated for the effects of measured covariates and of one or more components of frailty that are unmeasured but assumed to have some common distribution and known covariance structure within each family. From these assumptions, the posterior expectation of the hazard for each individual can be derived, given the covariate value and the observed and expected disease history of the family. These are then treated as known in a standard partial likelihood analysis; this is essentially a form of expectation-maximization algorithm. However, this does not provide a valid estimate of the covariance matrix because it fails to take account of the variability in the estimates of the frailties; an alternative approach using the imputation-posterior algorithm is suggested. This paper describes extensions of this approach to multivariate frailty distributions, modifications for application to pedigree and case-control studies, some simulation results, and applications to studies of breast cancer in twins and of lung cancer in relation to family smoking habits.
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Jared J. Grantham
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

Shortly after being elbowed in the flank during a basketball game, a 35-year-old healthy man has severe, colicky abdominal pain followed by gross hematuria. A renal ultrasound scan reveals bilateral polycystic kidneys and liver cysts. The blood pressure is 160/100 mm Hg. The serum creatinine concentration is 0.9 mg per deciliter (80 μmol per liter). The pain subsides in 2 days with analgesics, rest, and fluids; the gross hematuria resolves in 4 days, although microscopic hematuria persists.
Expression of Epstein–Barr Virus Transformation–Associated Genes in Tissues of Patients with EBV Lymphoproliferative Disease
Authors: L Young, C Alfieri, K Hennessy, H Evans, C O'Hara, K C Anderson, J Ritz, R S Shapiro, A Rickinson, E Kieff
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1989)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been associated with serious or fatal lymphoproliferative disease in immunocompromised patients. EBV nuclear protein 2 and latent membrane protein are characteristically expressed in B lymphocytes proliferating in vitro in response to growth transformation by EBV. These two proteins are thought to be effectors of lymphocyte growth since they increase the expression of B-lymphocyte activation (CD23) and cell-adhesion (LFA 3 and ICAM 1) molecules in vitro. Using monoclonal antibody-immune microscopy, we have demonstrated that these two EBV proteins and their associated B-lymphocyte activation or adhesion molecules are expressed in the infiltrating B lymphocytes in immunocompromised patients with EBV lymphoproliferative disease. These monoclonal antibodies should be useful in the early diagnosis of EBV lymphoproliferative disease and in distinguishing it from other B-lymphocyte cancers associated with EBV, such as Burkitt's lymphoma. The finding of EBV nuclear protein 2 and latent membrane protein and their associated activation or adhesion molecules provides a further pathophysiologic link between EBV and the proliferation of B lymphocytes in immunocompromised patients.
THE USE OF THE HOPKINS TUBE IN STANDARDIZING CELL SUSPENSIONS
Authors: E. E. Ecker
Journal: JAMA (1922)

The production of uniform cell suspensions is a matter of great importance in all serologic work. Variations of these suspensions invariably lead to variations in sensitization with a given dose of amboceptor, unless an excess of this antibody is employed, and variation of complement unit. So far, cell count and hemoglobin percentage determination have been proposed and employed; but we found both these methods tedious, time consuming and requiring considerable apparatus. A more simple method employs the Hopkins centrifuge tube. Besides the advantage of simplicity of apparatus, ease of manipulation and expenditure of practically no time, the results have been most satisfactory. A short description of the tube will be given; but for a more complete idea of its possibilities the original article is recommended.<sup>1</sup> The tube is of the centrifuge type, of 10 c.c. capacity. The end has been drawn out for about 2.5 cm., so that the
Treatment of 'cimetidine-resistant' chronic duodenal ulcers with ranitidine or cimetidine: a randomised multicentre study.
Authors: M Quatrini, G Basilisco, P A Bianchi
Journal: Gut (1984)

Forty patients with endoscopically proven persistent duodenal ulcer who had been treated for six weeks with cimetidine (1 g/day) were randomly allocated to receive a further six weeks9 treatment with cimetidine (1 g/day) or ranitidine (300 mg/day). Ulcers healed in 12 of 19 patients given cimetidine (63%) and in 13 of 21 given ranitidine (62%); two patients on cimetidine and two on ranitidine dropped out. In the unhealed ulcer group the ulcer size was reduced in most patients. There was no change in basal acid output, peak acid output, plasma gastrin and pepsinogen I levels after either treatment. Clinical data, gastric function tests, and endoscopic features did not predict ulcer healing. Both treatments were effective in the relief of pain: 72% of patients with unhealed ulcers were asymptomatic at the end of the trial.
Abstract 1209: Concurrent administration of doxorubicin and lapatinib worsens doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction in mice
Authors: David Goukassian, Sharath Sasi, Juyong Lee, Daniela Budiu, Christopher Lawson, Michael Maysky, Lynn Hlatky, Joseph Carrozza, James P. Morgan, Xinhua Yan
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Background: Concurrent use of chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX) and Trastuzumab, a monocloncal antibody that blocks HER2, induced cardiac dysfunction in 27% of patients. Clinical trials have shown that the incidence of symptomatic heart failure was much lower (0.3%) in patients sequentially treated with DOX and lapatinib, an EGFR and HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor. More studies are necessary to determine the safety of concurrent DOX and lapatinib treatment, which is important for developing more effective cancer therapy. Here, we tested the effect of concurrent DOX and lapatinib administration on cardiac function in mice. Methods: A well-established subacute murine DOX heart failure model was used. 10-12 week old C57BL/6 mice were treated with a single dose of DOX (20 mg/kg, i.p.), or DOX concurrently with lapatinib (100 mg/kg, oral gavage, daily). Survival was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Cardiac function was monitored by hemodynamic measurements. Results: Ten days after the treatment, survival was significantly lower in DOX+lapatinib vs. DOX mice (13 vs. 0 %, n=7-8 /group, P&amp;lt;0.001). Five to seven days after the treatment, cardiac contractile function was significantly lower in DOX+lapatinib vs. control mice [left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP): 83 ± 2 vs. 93 ± 2 mmHg, P&amp;lt;0.05; dP/dtmin: 4020 ± 360 vs. 7112 ± 580 mmHg/sec, P&amp;lt;0.05; cardiac output (CO): 1236 ± 266 vs. 2734 ± 209 unit/min, P&amp;lt;0.05, n=5 per group]; however, these indices were maintained in DOX mice at this point (LVSP: 99 ±4 mmHg; dP/dtmin: 7787 ± 965 mmHg/sec; CO: 2315 ± 366 unit/min, P=NS vs. control, n=5-6 per group). Conclusions: These results have shown that concurrent DOX and lapatinib administration exacerbates DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction in mice, suggesting that concurrent use of DOX and lapatanib may not be safe in patients. This study strongly suggests that cardiac function must be closely monitored in patients treated with DOX and HER2 inhibitors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1209. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1209
The long-term increase of baseline and reflexly augmented levels of human vagal-cardiac nervous activity induced by scopolamine.
Authors: M E Dibner-Dunlap, D L Eckberg, N M Magid, N M Cintrón-Treviño
Journal: Circulation (1985)

We tested the hypothesis that transdermal scopolamine increases vagal-cardiac nervous outflow over the long term in 16 healthy young men. Twenty-four hours after application of one scopolamine patch, the average RR interval was increased by 13% and the average standard deviation of the RR interval (taken as an index of the level of vagal-cardiac nervous activity) was increased by 31%. Baroreceptor-cardiac reflex responsiveness (as reflected by prolongation of RR interval provoked by graded neck suction) also was increased substantially. These findings suggest that vagal-cardiac nervous activity can be augmented pharmacologically in man on a long-term basis. Since vagal outflow influences cardiac electrical properties in an important way, these findings may have therapeutic implications.
THE EARLY MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF ACUTE ANTERIOR POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: H. Platt
Journal: BMJ (1924)

TREATMENT OP ACUTE ANTERIOR POLIOMYELITIS.Treatment with insulin was continued in doses of 20 units every four hours during the day, and at 9 a.m. on October 14th the patient was fully conscious and food was begun.On October 17th she was able to chat, and said that she had been seeing animals, and in particular rats, up to this time.She was finally given 15, 10, and 20 units three times a day.I have met with at least two cases of diabetic coma who have not become fully conscious, in spite of vigorous treat- ment with insulin, and have eventually died.The blood sugar was high, the values being 0.45 and 0.46 per cent., so that there was no question of hypoglycaemia.Ketones had disappeared from the urine, but the volume of the latter was suddenly greatly reduced, and there was a corresponding retention of urea in the body.In one case the blood urea
Potassium Chloride Therapy
Authors: David J. Cullen
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS section (1981;246:2501) Drs Bia and DeFronzo recommended that the femoral vein be used when a high amount of potassium chloride must be infused in a minimal amount of fluid. Furthermore, they thought it unsafe to administer large potassium loads via a central line that empties directly into the right atrium. For the past 12 or more years, I and my intensive care unit (ICU) colleagues have routinely administered concentrated solutions of potassium chloride through a central venous catheter or central venous port of a pulmonary artery catheter to correct or maintain serum potassium levels within normal limits. From 80 to 120 mEq of potassium chloride in 250 mL of 5% dextrose in water or normal saline is passed through a catheter with a double-clamp technique and infused at a rate that delivers up to 20 mEq/hr. Usually 8 to 15 mEq/hr is
Inhibition of interleukin 6-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase activation attenuates growth of a cholangiocarcinoma cell line
Authors: Joongwon Park, Laura Tadlock, Gregory J. Gores, Tushar Patel
Journal: Hepatology (1999)

Biliary tract malignancies represent challenges because of the lack of effective therapy and poor prognosis, in part because of the paucity of information regarding the mechanisms regulating their growth. We have recently identified a critical role for the p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in interleukin 6 (IL-6)-stimulated growth of human cholangiocytes. Although IL-6 is a potential mitogen for cholangiocarcinoma, the role of this cytokine and its intracellular signaling pathways in cholangiocarcinoma growth is unknown. Thus, our aims were to determine the role of IL-6-mediated signaling mechanisms, and in particular the MAPK pathways, in the growth regulation of human cholangiocarcinoma. KMCH-1 cells (malignant cholangiocyte cells) secreted IL-6 constitutively, and increased IL-6 secretion in response to inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and IL-1β. Stimulation with IL-6 resulted in proliferation of malignant cholangiocytes. These cells also possessed the IL-6 receptor complex subunits as directly assessed by immunoblot analysis. Furthermore, proliferation was completely inhibited by preincubation with anti-IL-6 neutralizing antibodies, indicating that the proliferative response to IL-6 involved receptor-mediated signaling. Both p38 and p44/p42 MAPKs were constitutively present and active in malignant cholangiocytes, and increased activity of both was observed within 15 minutes of stimulation with IL-6. Selective inhibition of either the p44/p42 MAPK pathway, by PD098059, or of the p38 MAPK pathway, by SB203580, blocked proliferation in response to IL-6. Thus, IL-6 can contribute to the autocrine and/or paracrine growth stimulation of malignant cholangiocytes via activation of either p38 or p44/p42 MAPK signaling pathways.