tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
VDRL in Malaria
Authors: R Chuthanondn, B Petchclai, W Benjaponges
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Letters, Comments, and Corrections1 October 1972VDRL in MalariaROCHANA CHUTHANONDH, B.SC., BENCHA PETCHCLAI, M.D., WISITH BENJAPONGES, M.D.ROCHANA CHUTHANONDH, B.SC.Search for more papers by this author, BENCHA PETCHCLAI, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, WISITH BENJAPONGES, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-77-4-660_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Moore and Mohr (1) reported in 1952 that 100% of malarial infections resulted in biologic false-positive serologic tests for syphilis. Antigens used at that time were relatively crude, and the serums were tested for reagin, the nonspecific antibody that occurs in syphilitic infection. The report did not mention the chronological stages of malarial infection. Olansky and associates (2) made a careful study with the VDRL test in 130 volunteers infected withPlasmodium vivax; biologic false-positive tests occurred at low titer in four cases. The VDRL test is a reagin test with a more purified antigen. We have...References1. MOOREMOHR JC: Biologically false positive serologic test for syphilis. JAMA 150:467-473, 1952 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. OLANSKYHARRISCHAMBLEE SAG: A preliminary study of apparent biological false positive reactions in four serological tests for syphilis, and the treponemal immobilization test. Am J Syph 37:23-28, 1953 MedlineGoogle Scholar3. NICHOLAS L: Serodiagnosis of syphilis. Arch Derm 96:324-328, 1967 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Manual of Tests for Syphilis 1969. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1969, pp. 15, 33 Google Scholar5. DEACONLUCASPRICE WJE: Fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS) tests for syphilis. JAMA 198:624-628, 1966 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. HOAGLAND R: False-positive serology in mononucleosis. JAMA 185:783-785, 1963 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ROCHANA CHUTHANONDH, B.SC.; BENCHA PETCHCLAI, M.D.; WISITH BENJAPONGES, M.D.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited bySyphilis Laboratory Guidelines: Performance Characteristics of Nontreponemal Antibody TestsSynthesis and Stereochemistry of Some 1,3-Oxazolidine Systems Based on TRIS (α,α,α-Trimethylolaminomethane) and Related Aminopolyols Skeleton. Part 1: (Di)spiro-1,3-oxazolidines 1 October 1972Volume 77, Issue 4Page: 660-661KeywordsAntigensBiologicsMalariaPlasmodiumSyphilis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Food aid programmes should target nutrient deficiency, not just hunger, says charity
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Medecins Sans Frontieres has launched a new multimedia campaign to spotlight the neglected and “largely invisible crisis of childhood malnutrition.”

The charity points out that an estimated 195 million children worldwide suffer from the effects of malnutrition, 90% of whom are in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia. It also maintains that malnutrition contributes to “at least one third of the eight million annual deaths of children under 5 years of age.”

Polly Markandya, the charity’s director of communications, told the BMJ that the campaign is intended to highlight the fact that “malnutrition is not just caused by food shortages but also by micronutrient deficiencies caused by …
Scintigraphic Study of Osgood-Schlatter Disease Following Delayed Clinical Presentation
Authors: THOMAS C. NAMEY, WILLIAM W. DANIEL
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1980)

A case report of a 21-year-old man with Osgood-Schlatter disease is presented. Although the diagnosis was provided by the radiograph of the affected tibial tuberosity, the scan appears to have some diagnostic utility and may better correlate with clinical activity.
Acute Leukemia and Cell Differentiation
Authors: Richard A. Rifkind
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Accumulating evidence for a unicellular (clonal) origin of leukemia, based on the studies of Fialkow and coworkers employing isozymes of the X-linked gene, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), as clonal markers,1 combined with evidence from rigorous karyotyping,2 leaves little doubt that acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), chronic myelogenous leukemia, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia originate in the transformation and subsequent clonal expansion of a hematopoietic precursor, often (at least in the myeloid leukemias) a precursor with multipotent developmental capabilities. The goal of antileukemic therapy seems clear enough: to destroy the transformed blastic clone and encourage repopulation by residual normal precursors. Common sense dictates that . . .
The influence of the human microbiome and probiotics on cardiovascular health
Authors: Grace Ettinger, Kyle MacDonald, Gregor Reid, Jeremy P Burton
Journal: Gut Microbes (2014)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death worldwide. Of the many etiological factors, microorganisms constitute one. From the local impact of the gut microbiota on energy metabolism and obesity, to the distal association of periodontal disease with coronary heart disease, microbes have a significant impact on cardiovascular health. In terms of the ability to modulate or influence the microbes, probiotic applications have been considered. These are live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a benefit on the host. While a number of reports have established the beneficial abilities of certain probiotic bacterial strains to reduce cholesterol and hypertension, recent research suggests that their use could be more widely applied. This review presents an up-to-date summary of the known associations of the microbiome with CVD, and potential applications of probiotic therapy.
TREM-1 regulates macrophage polarization in ureteral obstruction
Authors: Tzu-Han Lo, Kai-Yu Tseng, Wen-Shan Tsao, Chih-Ya Yang, Shie-Liang Hsieh, Allen Wen-Hsiang Chiu, Toshiyuki Takai, Tak W. Mak, Der-Cherng Tarng, Nien-Jung Chen
Journal: Kidney International (2014)
Cardiac and skeletal muscle insulin resistance in patients with coronary heart disease. A study with positron emission tomography.
Authors: G Paternostro, P G Camici, A A Lammerstma, N Marinho, R R Baliga, J S Kooner, G K Radda, E Ferrannini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Patients with coronary artery disease or heart failure have been shown to be insulin resistant. Whether in these patients heart muscle participates in the insulin resistance, and whether reduced blood flow is a mechanism for such resistance is not known. We measured heart and skeletal muscle blood flow and glucose uptake during euglycemic hyperinsulinemia (insulin clamp) in 15 male patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease and chronic regional wall motion abnormalities. Six age- and weight-matched healthy subjects served as controls. Regional glucose uptake was measured by positron emission tomography using [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG), blood flow was measured by the H2(15)O method. Myocardial glucose utilization was measured in regions with normal perfusion and wall motion as assessed by radionuclide ventriculography. Whole-body glucose uptake was 37+/-4 micromol x min(-1) x kg(-1) in controls and 14+/-2 mciromol x min(-1) x kg(-1) in patients (P = 0.001). Myocardial blood flow (1.09+/-0.06 vs. 0.97+/-0.04 ml x min(-1) x g(-1), controls vs. patients) and skeletal muscle (arm) blood flow (0.046+/-0.012 vs. 0.043+/-0.006 ml x min(-1) x g(-1)) were similar in the two groups (P = NS for both). In contrast, in patients both myocardial (0.38+/-0.03 vs. 0.70+/-0.03 micromol x min(-1) x g(-1), P = 0.0005) and muscle glucose uptake (0.026+/-0.004 vs. 0.056+/-0.006 micromol x min(-1) x g(-1), P = 0.005) were markedly reduced in comparison with controls. In the whole dataset, a direct relationship existed between insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in heart and skeletal muscle. Patients with a history of myocardial infarction and a low ejection fraction are insulin resistant. This insulin resistance affects both the myocardium and skeletal muscle and is independent of blood flow.
Abstract P1-08-02: Chemosensitivity and endocrine sensitivity of MammaPrint and BluePrint in the prospective neo-adjuvant breast registry symphony trial (NBRST)
Authors: P Whitworth, M Gittleman, S Akbari, L Stork-Sloots, F de Snoo, J Gibson, P Beitsch
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background Classification into molecular subtypes may be important for the selection of therapy for patients with early breast cancer. Previous analyses had shown that breast cancer subtypes have distinct clinical outcome (Sorlie, PNAS 2001; Esserman, BCRT 2011). The aim of the prospective NBRST study is to measure chemosensitivity as defined by pathological Complete Response (pCR), or endocrine sensitivity as defined by partial response (PR) and metastasis-free survival in molecular subgroups using MammaPrint and BluePrint. Methods The study includes women aged 18–90 with histologically proven breast cancer, who are scheduled to start neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) or neo-adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET), and who provide written informed consent. Additional inclusion criteria include no excision biopsy or axillary dissection, no confirmed distant metastatic disease, and no prior therapy for breast cancer. Treatment is at the discretion of the physician adhering to NCCN approved regimens. pCR is defined as no invasive or noninvasive residual disease in the breast or axillary lymph nodes. Results 191 Patients (median age 53, range 22-82), T1-4 N0-3, had definitive surgery and the overall pCR rate was 18%. 31 (16%) patients are classified as Luminal A-type (BluePrint Luminal/MammaPrint Low Risk) of whom 24 received neo-adjuvant CT; 1 patient (4%) had a pCR. While 7 patients received neo-adjuvant ET and 5 (71%) had a PR. 64 (34%) Patients are classified as Luminal B-type (BluePrint Luminal/MammaPrint High Risk). All but 1 patient received neo-adjuvant CT and 2 (3%) had a pCR. 30 (16%) Patients are classified as BluePrint HER2-type and all received neo-adjuvant CT and trastuzumab (except for 3 patients who did not receive trastuzumab); 11 (37%) had a pCR. 66 (31%) Patients are classified as BluePrint Basal-type and received neo-adjuvant CT; 19 (29%) had a pCR. Comparison of IHC/FISH classification with molecular subtyping: 24/102 (24%) IHC/FISH ER+/Her2- patients are not classified as Luminal-type by BluePrint (4 Her2, 20 Basal). 22/48 (46%) IHC/FISH Her2+ patients are not Her2-type by BluePrint (4 Luminal A, 11 Luminal B, and 7 Basal). All IHC/FISH triple negative patients are BluePrint Basal-type. Conclusions Molecular subtyping using MammaPrint and BluePrint leads to a reclassification of 24% (46/191) of tumors. We observed differences in pCR to neo-adjuvant treatment in groups stratified by BluePrint and MammaPrint. Patients with Luminal A-type breast cancer have a high response to neo-adjuvant endocrine therapy (71% PR) and low pCR (4%) to neo-adjuvant CT. While patients with BluePrint HER2-type and Basal-type breast cancer have a high pCR rate to neo-adjuvant CT. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-08-02.
A MULTIPLEX STETHOSCOPE.
Authors: A. M. CORWIN
Journal: JAMA (1895)

In the February number of theJournalI described a double stethoscope which I have employed during the past three years for class demonstration of physical diagnosis in Rush College. In a later number of theJournal, Dr. H. A. Hare, of Philadelphia, described a multiplex stethoscope upon the same principle, but using tubes long enough to allow some sixteen individuals to listen at once. The double stethoscope makes possible the accurate demonstration of sounds which both instructor and student hear together—a multiplex stethoscope, if properly constructed, not only has this in view, but more, in the saving of time. I have devised a multiplex stethoscope as represented in the accompanying cut, kindly furnished by Sharp &amp; Smith, of this city. I first experimented with long tubes. A semicircle of twelve chairs, placed side by side, will bring a patient at a radial distance of about five feet; while the
Pressure mounts to cut US spending on health care
Authors: Bob Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Growth in spending on health care will determine the future economic policy of the US government, a financial adviser to the government has predicted.

Spending on health care is rising in the United States: the current cost of 16% of the gross domestic product is projected to reach 20% by 2016. 

“In order to avoid an explosion of government debt, you have to cut spending by a third or raise revenue by a third, or some combination thereof,” Peter Orszag told a Capitol Hill briefing this week. Dr Orszag is the director of the Congressional Budget Office, which provides analysis of existing programmes and proposed legislation for Congress. 

It would be possible to save $1500bn (£800bn; €1000bn) over the next 10 years by implementing a series of changes, said Cathy Schoen, coauthor of …
439 EVALUATION OF LONG-TERM GLYCYRRHIZIN ADMINISTRATION IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C – IS CONTROL OF ALT TO &lt;50 IU/ML AN INDEX OF PREVENTION FOR DISEASE PROGRESSION?
Authors: M. Kobayashi, M. Suzuki, N. Yamada, M. Okamoto, H. Ikeda, Y. Fukuda, Y. Nagase, H. Takahashi, K. Matsunaga, T. Ishii, N. Matsumoto, C. Okuse, A. Satou, H. Yotsuyanagi, K. Yasuda, F. Itoh
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Welcome to Mr Miracle
Authors: N. Younis
Journal: BMJ (2008)

I first met Mr M four years ago during a teaching session to medical students. He had had diabetes for 75 years and was attending the outpatient clinic for a plantar foot ulcer. His diabetes was diagnosed at the age of 3 years in 1929. Although insulin was first used in humans in 1922, it was expensive and only became widely available in the mid-1930s. In 1929 insulin treatment was not widely available or known about, and M’s doctor simply advised a strict starvation diet that was …
Tobacco, President Carter, and Changing Times-Reply
Authors: Jimmy Carter
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Lutschg is correct. My editorial is "right on target" and times have changed. As the scientific evidence has become stronger, I have become increasingly active in attempting to spare people from a tobacco addiction that will shorten and cloud their future. Should I have done more in the past? We all should have: politicians, educators, physicians, and patients. Let us make up for past mistakes by closing ranks to make our future efforts efficient, effective, and life saving.
A requirement for the rac1 GTPase in the signal transduction pathway leading to cardiac myocyte hypertrophy.
Authors: J B Pracyk, K Tanaka, D D Hegland, K S Kim, R Sethi, I I Rovira, D R Blazina, L Lee, J T Bruder, I Kovesdi, P J Goldshmidt-Clermont, K Irani, T Finkel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

We have used adenoviral-mediated gene transfer of a constitutively active (V12rac1) and dominant negative (N17rac1) isoform of rac1 to assess the role of this small GTPase in cardiac myocyte hypertrophy. Expression of V12rac1 in neonatal cardiac myocytes results in sarcomeric reorganization and an increase in cell size that is indistinguishable from ligand-stimulated hypertrophy. In addition, V12rac1 expression leads to an increase in atrial natriuretic peptide secretion. In contrast, expression of N17rac1, but not a truncated form of Raf-1, attenuated the morphological hypertrophy associated with phenylephrine stimulation. Consistent with the observed effects on morphology, expression of V12rac1 resulted in an increase in new protein synthesis, while N17rac1 expression inhibited phenylephrine-induced leucine incorporation. These results suggest rac1 is an essential element of the signaling pathway leading to cardiac myocyte hypertrophy.
Bioengineering cytotoxic T cells to target opportunistic fungal infection
Authors: Pappanaicken Kumaresan, Pallavi R Manuri, Nathaniel Albert, Brian Rabinovich, Simon Olivares, Sourindra N Maiti, Helen Huls, Dean A Lee, Dimitrios Kontoyiannis, Laurence J Cooper
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2013)

Meeting abstracts Clinical-grade T cells are genetically modified ex vivo to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) to redirect their specificity to target tumor-associated antigens in vivo. We have developed gene therapy approach to render T cells specific for invasive fungal infections (IFI)
Endogenous IL-13 protects hepatocytes and vascular endothelial cells during ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Atsushi Kato, Tomohisa Okaya, Alex B. Lentsch
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury involves a complex inflammatory cascade resulting in neutrophil-mediated injury of hepatocytes. Previous studies from our laboratory have established that exogenous administration of the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 10 (IL-10) and IL-13 can ameliorate the inflammatory response and significantly reduce hepatocellular injury. The purpose of the present study was to determine if IL-10 and IL-13 function as endogenous regulators of the hepatic inflammatory response to ischemia/reperfusion. Wild-type, IL-10-, and IL-13-deficient (IL-10 −/− , IL-13 −/− ) mice were exposed to 90 minutes of partial hepatic ischemia and up to 24 hours of reperfusion. In wild-type mice, expression of IL-10 and IL-13 shared similar expression profiles with maximal production after 8 hours of reperfusion. There were no significant differences between wild-type and IL-10 −/− mice in response to hepatic ischemia and reperfusion. IL-13 −/− mice had much greater liver injury, as assessed biochemically and histologically, than wild-type mice. There were no differences between wild-type and IL-13 −/− mice in their production of inflammatory cytokines, but IL-13 −/− mice displayed disrupted neutrophil accumulation, with less neutrophils present in the hepatic parenchyma and far more neutrophils adherent to the endothelium of large hepatic venules than wild-type mice. These observations were associated with increased liver endothelial cell injury in IL-13 −/− mice, as measured by serum levels of hyaluronic acid. In vitro , IL-13 protected hepatocytes from H 2 O 2 -induced cytotoxicity. In conclusion, IL-10 is not an important endogenous regulator of the inflammatory response to hepatic ischemia/reperfusion. In contrast, endogenous IL-13 appears to be critical for the control of this response, with prominent protective effects on hepatocytes and hepatic endothelial cells.
Enteropathy in Zambians with HIV related diarrhoea: regression modelling of potential determinants of mucosal damage
Authors: P Kelly, S E Davies, B Mandanda, A Veitch, G McPhail, I Zulu, F Drobniewski, D Fuchs, C Summerbell, N P Luo, J O M Pobee, M J G Farthing
Journal: Gut (1997)

Background —AIDS is characterised by small intestinal mucosal damage, but its aetiopathogenesis is poorly understood. Enteric infections in Africa differ from those in northern countries, where protozoan infections have been associated with severe enteropathy in AIDS patients. Aims —To characterise enteropathy in Zambian AIDS patients compared with local controls, and to assess relative contributions of enteric infection, nutritional impairment, and immune dysfunction. Methods —Computer aided mucosal morphometry of small intestinal biopsy specimens from 56 HIV infected Zambians with persistent diarrhoea and 26 diarrhoea free controls, followed by regression modelling. Results —Patients with HIV related diarrhoea had reduced villous height and increased crypt depth compared with controls. There was no difference between HIV positive and negative controls. In regression models applied to AIDS mucosal measurements, villous height and crypt depth were related to nutritional parameters and to serum soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor p55 concentration. Crypt depth was also related to lamina propria plasma cell count. Intestinal infection was found in 79%, which consisted predominantly of microsporidia in 34%, Isospora belli in 24%, and Cryptosporidium parvum in 21%, but detection of these enteropathogens was not related to severity of enteropathy. Conclusions —Nutritional and immune disturbances were associated with enteropathy, accounting for over one third of the variation in mucosal morphometric parameters.
Derivation of Multipotent Mesenchymal Precursors from Human Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Tiziano Barberi, Lucy M Willis, Nicholas D Socci, Lorenz Studer
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2005)

Human embryonic stem cells provide access to the earliest stages of human development and may serve as a source of specialized cells for regenerative medicine. Thus, it becomes crucial to develop protocols for the directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells into tissue-restricted precursors.Here, we present culture conditions for the derivation of unlimited numbers of pure mesenchymal precursors from human embryonic stem cells and demonstrate multilineage differentiation into fat, cartilage, bone, and skeletal muscle cells.Our findings will help to elucidate the mechanism of mesoderm specification during embryonic stem cell differentiation and provide a platform to efficiently generate specialized human mesenchymal cell types for future clinical applications.
Pain Relief Warning
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (1998)

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