tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Iris Colour in Mongolism
Authors: J. M. Berg
Journal: BMJ (1958)

The clinical and radiological signs of oesophageal atresia are well known and the diagnosis is not usually in doubt at the time of operation.In the case described the clinical picture of atresia of the oesophagus was simulated by a pouch of the posterior pharynx. CASE REPORTA female child, birth weight 3 lb. (1,360g.), was admitted at the age of 16 hours to the Nightingale Premature Baby Unit, Derby, on February 13, 1957.Delivery at home had been normal from a pre-eclamptic but previously healthy primipara of 23.The infant had been fed twice before admission, but no regurgitation of feed was reported.When admitted the temperature was 96°F. (35.6°C.), pulse 136, and respirations 48.The colour was good despite a copious flow of mucus from the mouth and phar%nx.Numerous rhonchi were heard over both lungs.Mucus was aspirated and no further feeds were given until February 14 (40 hours after birth), when two feeds of glucose-water were given by bottle and retained.Expressed breast milk was then oflered, but as it was regurgitated the succeeding three feeds were given by tube; during the third of these difficulty was ex- perienced in passing the tube.At radiological examination a radio-opaque catheter was held up at the level of the second dorsal vertebra.Lipiodol was passed down the catheter and demonstrated a blind upper segment similar to that seen in atrcsia of the oesophagus.At operation the oesophagus was normal, and a catheter was passed throughout its entire length.There was no fistulous connexion with the trachea or bronchi.It was then
Antifungal Therapy for Candidal Meningitis
Authors: STEPHEN E. STRAUS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1978Antifungal Therapy for Candidal MeningitisSTEPHEN E. STRAUS, M.D.STEPHEN E. STRAUS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-4-574_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The genusCandidaincludes a group of ubiquitous saprophytic fungi that frequently colonize the skin, mucous membranes, and gastrointestinal tract. These organisms are weakly pathogenic but in compromised hosts may result in serious localized or disseminated infections. Bayer and coauthors (1) have recently reviewed the published reports of candida meningitis. They concluded that the cumulative experience was too limited to permit specific recommendations regarding the appropriate nature and duration of therapy, but recovery appeared to be most frequently achieved with amphotericin B. Successfully treated persons generally received full doses of amphotericin B—the equivalent of about 35 to...References1. BAYEREDWARDSSEIDELGUZE AJJL: Candida meningitis: Report of seven cases and a review of the English literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 55:477-486, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. MEDOFFDISMUKESMEADEMOSES GWRJ: A new therapeutic approach to candida infection. Arch Intern Med 130:241-245, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. CHESNEYTEETSMULVIHILLSALITMARKS PKJIM: Successful treatment of candida meningitis with amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine in combination. J Pediatr 89:1017-1019, 1976 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. MEDOFFCOMFORTKOBAYASHI GMG: Synergistic action of amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine agent against yeast-like organisms. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 138:571-574, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. NORMACKSCHONEBECK SJ: In vitro studies of 5-fluorocytosine resistance in Candida albicans and Torulopsis glabrata. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2:114-121, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO 63110 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByCandidal Meningitis in Children with CancerCase Report: Primary Candida Meningitis Chronic Granulomatous DiseaseCandida Meningitis/Course, Prognosis and Mortality before and after Introduction of the New Antimycotics. Die Candida Meningitis: Verlauf, Prognose und Letalität vor und nach Einführung der neuen Antimycotica 1 October 1978Volume 89, Issue 4Page: 574-575KeywordsAmphotericinAntifungalsCandidaFungal pathogensGastrointestinal tractMeningitisMucous membranes Issue Published: 1 October 1978 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Behavioral assessment of visual toxicity.
Authors: H L Evans
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1978)

A wide variety of behavioral methods has been employed with animals to assess visual changes induced by drugs or toxicants. The methods range from simple to complex, from broad screening devices to narrowly focused techniques. Their relative advantages for the environmental toxicologist are discussed. Manipulation of stimulus values is an essential ingredient in the identification of specific sensory functions. The percentage of correct choices from a discrete-trial, multiple-choice discrimination procedure is to be preferred to measures of response rate, speed or reaction time when experiments require answers about specific visual functions.
Impact of vasodilator regimen on sudden death in advanced heart failure: A randomized trial of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibition and direct vasodilation
Authors: Gregg Fonarow, Catherine Chelimsky-Fallick, Lynne W. Stevenson, William G. Stevenson, Michael Luu, Michele A. Hamilton, Jaime Moriguchi, Julie A. Walden, Jan Tillisch
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1991)
Pulmonary administration of Am80 regenerates collapsed alveoli
Authors: Hitomi Sakai, Michiko Horiguchi, Chihiro Ozawa, Tomomi Akita, Keiji Hirota, Koichi Shudo, Hiroshi Terada, Kimiko Makino, Hiroshi Kubo, Chikamasa Yamashita
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
Differential Diagnosis and Treatment of Hoarseness
Authors: Robert W. Cantrell
Journal: JAMA (1975)

This book provides a concise listing of the various causes of hoarseness, their diagnosis and treatment. It would be a valuable addition to the library of any physician or speech pathologist who encounters hoarseness. Dr. Bryce discusses hoarseness from early childhood onward. In all age groups, upper respiratory tract infections are the most common cause and this type is usually a temporary disorder. Cancer is the most serious cause of hoarseness, but one in which early detection and treatment will result in high cure rates. Dr. Bryce quite rightly deals with this subject at length. He also places in perspective the relationship between physicians and speech pathologists and indicates how their joint efforts are frequently required to achieve success in correcting hoarseness resulting from voice abuse. This book is not, nor is it intended to be, a lengthy treatise on laryngology. It is a brief, clear, and eminently readable book
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Authors: Chester J. Herman
Journal: JAMA (1996)

The past year has witnessed significant advances in understanding the pathologic aspects of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases, the Human Genome Project, venous thromboembolism, and breast cancer. In support of advances in these and other areas, pathologists and other physicians have placed increased emphasis on the importance of the autopsy. The autopsy has been recognized as the most important quality assurance indicator for the treatment of the sickest patients—those whose illness is fatal.<sup>1</sup>In addition, progress in molecular diagnosis and therapy requires the continued availability of tissues obtained during postmortem examination.<sup>2</sup>The unraveling of the infectious causes of new, potentially fatal disease outbreaks in the past several years has been possible only because of the postmortem examination of victims of these emerging and reemerging microbial agents. In view of the importance of the autopsy and availability of archival autopsy tissues for further progress in pathology and laboratory medicine,
Screening Blood Donors for HTLV-III Antibody
Authors: David A. Mann
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article by Ward et al<sup>1</sup>concerning an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III suggests a potentially serious conceptual inconsistency in the current program for blood donor screening: the acceptance of a single initial negative EIA result as proof of seronegativity, while a unit twice positive out of three EIAs (denoted 2+/3) is considered seropositive. Since units with an initial negative EIA result were not tested further, one can assume that among the study's 66 621 initially negative units (which were accepted for transfusion) some would have been 2+/3 if three EIAs had been performed. Thus, some units that would have met exclusion criteria may have been allowed into the blood bank by the reported protocol. The number of these missed 2+/3 units can be estimated from the study data. Of the units destined to be 2+/3, one would expect
Acute Infections of the Chest in General Practice
Authors: A. B. Shaw, J. Fry
Journal: BMJ (1955)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Spatial navigation is impaired in early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and may be a defining behavioral marker of preclinical AD. Nevertheless, limitations of diagnostic criteria for AD and within animal models of AD make characterization of preclinical AD difficult. A new rat model (TgF344-AD) of AD overcomes many of these limitations, though spatial navigation has not been comprehensively assessed. Using the hidden and cued platform variants of the Morris water task, a longitudinal assessment of spatial navigation was conducted on TgF344-AD (n=16) and Fischer 344 (n=12) male and female rats at three age ranges: 4 to 5 months, 7 to 8, and 10 to 11 months of age. TgF344-AD rats exhibited largely intact navigation at 4-5 and 7-8 months of age, with deficits in the hidden platform task emerging at 10-11 months of age. In general, TgF344-AD rats displayed less accurate swim trajectories to the platform and a wider search area around the platform region compared to wildtype rats. Impaired navigation occurred in the absence of deficits in acquiring the procedural task demands or navigation to the cued platform location. Together, the results indicate that TgF344-AD rats exhibit comparable deficits to those found in individuals in the early stages of AD.
Adoption of disease management model for diabetes in region of Maastricht
Authors: H J M Vrijhoef, C Spreeuwenberg, I M J G Eijkelberg, B H R Wolffenbuttel, G G van Merode
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Chronic diseases and associated conditions will always pose a challenge to healthcare systems.New healthcare models are being introduced in Western countries in response to a set of problems that are evident to some degree in all health services-for example, uncoordinated arrangements for delivering care, bias towards acute treatment, neglect of preventive care, and inappropriate treatment. 1These models take account of the pressure on quality and costs of chronic care and originate from the overlapping approaches of integrated care (United States) and shared care (western Europe). 2 3 In the Netherlands, shared care models have acted as a precursor of the recently introduced concept of disease management.Although several disease management initiatives are emerging, the model is not being adopted as fast as might be expected from the benefits that are claimed to result from it. 4In this article we describe the process of moving from a shared care model to a disease management model by considering recent developments in diabetes care in the region of Maastricht.We also describe the use of health technology assessment to evaluate the model.
Sensitivity and Specificity of Screening Tests for Renal Vascular Hypertension
Authors: CLARENCE E. GRIM
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1979)

To facilitate the identification of patients with renal vascular hypertension, we evaluated four potential screening tests: rapid-sequence urography, systolic diastolic abdominal bruit, upright plasma renin activity (PRA), and response to saralasin infusion. Our study included 379 normal subjects, 199 essential hypertensive patients with normal renal angiograms, and 64 patients with surgically responsive renal vascular hypertension. Thirty-nine percent of patients with renal vascular hypertension had systolic-diastolic bruits, 76% abnormal urograms, and 27% a PRA > 30 ng of angiotensin I/mL·3 h. Only one half of the 23 patients with renal vascular hypertension tested had a depressor response to saralasin, as did two of 13 essential hypertensive patients. In essential hypertensive subjects, 1% had systolic-diastolic bruits, 2% abnormal urograms, and 5% upright renin values > 30 ng of angiotensin I/mL·3 h. The screening combination of urogram, bruit, or upright renin value offered a test sensitivity of 93%, with a specificity of 92%. The results of saralasin infusion failed to increase the diagnostic yield.
More than paralysis agitans: a book on all of the rest
Authors: David R Williams
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2011)

That Parkinson's disease "is a disorder with widespread pathology involving more than just the nigrostriatal system" will probably come as no surprise to the projected readership of this latest text on Parkinson's disease, but the editors have sought to raise the profile of non-motor and non-dopaminergic features of the disorder.
Tc-99m Human Serum Albumin Lymphoscintigraphy in Lymphedema of the Lower Extremities
Authors: M K NAWAZ, M M HAMAD, H M ABDEL-DAYEM, S SADEK, B G H EKLOF
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1990)

Edema of the lower extremities is a difficult clinical problem. It can be due to stasis, obstruction of the lymphatic channels, increased production of lymph beyond the drainage capacity of the lymphatic vessels. It is often difficult to differentiate between these varieties. Lymphoscintigraphy was performed on 164 patients complaining of swelling of the lower extremities and on 5 volunteers. All patients were injected with 1 mCi of Tc-99m human serum albumin (HSA) intradermally in the medial web of the dorsum of each foot. Data were acquired dynamically for both inguinal regions for 45 minutes, and static images of the legs, thighs, and pelvis were taken at 90 minutes. Time activity curves were generated for the equal regions of inguinal nodes on both inguinal sides. The following patterns were recognized: normal (5 volunteers and 57 patients), enhanced (17 patients), stasis with mild obstruction (70 patients), and marked stasis with obstruction (20 patients)
Ileal Leiomyosarcoma and Leiomyoma
Authors: EDDY K. DUNN, JACK FARMAN, JERROLD TEITCHER, THEODORE SMITH
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1987)

Two cases of Heal leiomyomatous neoplasms with positive scintigraphic findings for Meckel's diverticulum are presented. The precise mechanism for the abnormal concentration of the Tc-99m pertechnetate is uncertain. Illustrations of the collating barium and computerized tomographic studies are included and the scanning technique utilized is reviewed.
Overexpression of the human homologue of<i>Drosophila patched</i>(<i>PTCH</i>) in skin tumours: specificity for basal cell carcinoma
Authors: None NAGANO, None BITO, None KALLASSY, None NAKAZAWA, None ICHIHASHI, None UEDA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

The human homologue of the Drosophila segment polarity gene patched (PTCH) has been identified as the gene for the naevoid basal cell carcinoma (BCC) syndrome and has also been shown to be mutated in sporadic BCC. In order to elucidate the specificity of the PTCH abnormality in BCC, we examined normal skin and 12 BCC and 24 other types of tumour from Japanese patients for expression of the PTCH transcript by competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, as mutational inactivation of PTCH leads to overexpression of the mutant transcript owing to failure of a negative feedback mechanism. We found a high level of PTCH expression in all 12 BCCs, while 23 of the other tumours and four specimens of normal skin showed no or weak expression of the gene, with the exception of one specimen from a patient with Bowen's disease which had high expression. These results indicate that the PTCH abnormality plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of BCC.
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis with cardiac tamponade.
Authors: H.A Majeed, J Kvasnicka
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1978)

A 4-year-old girl with seronegative systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis developed acute cardiac tamponade. Pericardiocentesis and systemic corticosteroids resulted in complete recovery of the pericardial involvement. This was followed by complete remission of rheumatoid disease.
Selective expansion of T cells expressing V beta 2 in toxic shock syndrome.
Authors: Y Choi, J A Lafferty, J R Clements, J K Todd, E W Gelfand, J Kappler, P Marrack, B L Kotzin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1990)

Infection with Staphylococcus aureus and the production of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of toxic shock syndrome. Previous in vitro studies have demonstrated that TSST-1 is a powerful but selective stimulator of human T cells, and that the majority of activated cells express the TCR V beta 2 gene segment. We therefore studied patients with toxic shock syndrome using a modification of the PCR to determine if expansion of V beta 2+ T cells is a marker of the in vivo disease process. Five of eight patients studied demonstrated markedly elevated levels of circulating V beta 2+ T cells, whereas none showed significantly elevated levels of T cells expressing other V beta gene segments. The results suggest that toxin-mediated T cell activation, which involves a large fraction of the human T cell repertoire, may be critical in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Interhospital Differences in Severity of Illness
Authors: Susan D. Horn, Gregory Bulkley, Phoebe D. Sharkey, Angela F. Chambers, Roger A. Horn, Carl J. Schramm
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

We evaluated the ability of the diagnosis-related-group (DRG) classification system to account adequately for severity of illness and, by implication, for the costs of medical care. Hospital inpatients on medicine, surgery, obstetrics/gynecology, and pediatrics services in six hospitals were evaluated to provide a spectrum of patient and hospital characteristics. This evaluation was based on data from a generic index of severity of illness obtained by trained personnel from a review of hospital charts after patient discharge. Within each DRG, substantial differences were found in the distribution of severity of illness in different hospitals. Some hospitals treated larger proportions of severely ill patients and had a wide range of severity within each DRG, but these differences did not always agree with the teaching classification or the Health Care Financing Administration's case-mix index. These findings suggest that patient classification by means of unadjusted DRGs does not adequately reflect severity of illness, and they indicate that prospective payment programs based on DRGs alone may unfairly and adversely discriminate against certain hospitals.
Tetraparesis associated with colchicine is probably due to inhibition by verapamil of the P-glycoprotein efflux pump in the blood-brain barrier
Authors: Uwe Tröger, Hartmut Lins, Jean-M Scherrmann, Claus-Werner Wallesch, Stefanie M Bode-Böger
Journal: BMJ (2005)

An 83 year old man had an acute attack of gout. He treated himself with colchicine drops (2 mg in two days) and received diclofenac because of continuous pain. Concurrently he had muscle weakness in his limbs. Four days later he became immobile and was transferred to hospital with flaccid tetraparesis (British Medical Research Council grade II-III). He had no signs of infection, hepatic or renal impairments, or stroke. Laboratory values were normal except a brief increase of creatine kinase to 1288.2 IU/l. Repeated nerve conduction studies did not show any relevant pathology, including normal terminal latencies and F …
Seeing is not believing
Authors: Gergely Csibra
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1998)

Heyes's proposed study for testing whether chimpanzees have a theory of mind is (1) too strong because it requires that the animals apply mental concepts to the interpretation of both their own experiences and the behaviours of others, and (2) too weak because dispositional rather than representational understanding of “seeing” is sufficient to pass it.
β-blockers for mild to moderate heart failure
Authors: Harlan M Krumholz
Journal: The Lancet (1999)

Throughout the years, many new approaches to the treatment of heart failure have not retained their initial promise. However, basic and clinical research in β-blockers, an inexpensive and commonly available group of drugs, has continued to gain momentum. The publication of the Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II) in today's Lancet provides convincing evidence that should change the care of patients with mild to moderate heart failure and left-ventricular systolic dysfunction. This landmark trial shows that the addition of β-blockers to a regimen of diuretics and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors can substantially decrease mortality and morbidity for these patients. The Cardiac Insufficiency Bisoprolol Study II (CIBIS-II): a randomised trialβ-blocker therapy had benefits for survival in stable heart-failure patients. Results should not, however, be extrapolated to patients with severe class IV symptoms and recent instability because safety and efficacy has not been established in these patients. Full-Text PDF DEPARTMENT OF ERRORThromboprophylaxis for atrial fibrillation—In this Commentary by Gregory Lip (Jan 2, 1999, p 4), the sentence starting on line 8 in par 5 should have read: "For example, patients with an INR of 1·7 had twice the risk of stroke of those with an INR of 2·0". Full-Text PDF
FDG-PET IMAGING OF CLOTS: NEW ANIMAL MODEL BASED UPON THE FERRIC CHLORIDE INJURY MODEL
Authors: K Mochizuki, C Kim, B Tran, A Kowalska, M Poncz, J Greenberg, None Alavi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Greater New York and New England Chapters, the Society of Nuclear Medicine 18th Annual Northeast Regional Scientific Session Abstracts October 22–October 24, 2004—Stamford, Connecticut: PDF Only
An Atlas of Non-Invasive Techniques: Sound and Pulse Tracings—Echograms
Authors: William H. Wehrmacher
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Brilliant illumination of obscure cardiac diagnoses by invading the heart with catheter and contrast materials may seem to cast into shadows the classical modes of inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. Actually, however, from these shadows now comes a greater and more reliable diagnostic yield because the importance of the ordinary physical findings has been promptly and regularly verified by the invasive techniques. This yield has been further enhanced by instrumental recording of the pulsations, sound, and motions of the chest wall overlying the heart. For more than 40 years, Luisada has led investigations for making accurate permanent records of these otherwise fleeting phenomena and for correlating them with their physiologic and pathologic origins. The atlas shows the steady improvement from the rather primitive perspectives when Luisada first began to record the phenomena graphically. Luisada shows how filtration was developed to show selected parts of the broad vibratory spectrum emitted from