tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of transferrin, Fe, and transferrin receptors in myeloid leukemia cell growth. Studies with an antitransferrin receptor monoclonal antibody.
Authors: R Taetle, K Rhyner, J Castagnola, D To, J Mendelsohn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

In previous studies, antitransferrin receptor antibody 42/6 inhibited growth of normal granulocyte/macrophage progenitors and some malignant myeloid cells. In these studies, leukemia cell lines cultured without serum and fresh leukemia cells were used to investigate the roles of Fe, transferrin receptors, and transferrin in leukemia cell growth, and mechanisms of 42/6 inhibition and resistance. HL60 and KG-1 leukemia cells grown in serum-free medium were inhibited by 42/6. In contrast to results in fetal calf serum (FCS), soluble Fe (ferric nitriloacetate) reversed 42/6 growth inhibition of serum-free HL60 cells. When HL60 cells were adapted for growth in serum-free, transferrin-free medium, they became refractory to 42/6 growth inhibition. By using radiolabeled transferrin and 42/6, HL60 cells cultured in FCS and transferrin displayed similar quantities of transferrin receptors (29,000-30,000/cell) and similar Kd's (3.8-4.9 X 10(-9) M). Cells grown in transferrin-free medium showed a similar Kd (3.1 X 10(-9) M), but fewer transferrin binding sites (5,000/cell). Transferrin-independent cells contained a log higher concentration of intracellular ferritin. For both FCS and serum-free HL60 cells, calculated affinities for 42/6 were lower (5.7-10.0 X 10(-9) M), but the number of binding sites was three- to fourfold higher. To investigate further the relationship between receptor display and antibody inhibition in proliferating normal and malignant myeloid cells, simultaneous immunofluorescence was used to determine the cell cycle status of transferrin receptor-positive cells. Malignant cells in S + G2/M displayed approximately 50% of the amount of transferrin receptors detected in normal dividing colony-stimulating factor-stimulated marrow cells. Receptor display by dividing cells from two patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia was variable. When HL60 cells were exposed to dimethyl sulfoxide, transferrin receptor display decreased, and 42/6 growth inhibition was abrogated or greatly diminished. The presence of 42/6 did not prevent dimethyl sulfoxide-induced HL60 differentiation in serum-containing or serum-free cultures. We conclude that human leukemia cells require Fe for growth and that 42/6 inhibits transferrin-dependent cells by Fe deprivation. Some dividing normal and differentiating malignant cells display reduced transferrin receptors, and can also escape antibody inhibition. The increased ferritin levels and decreased transferrin receptors in transferrin-independent HL60 cells confirm the inverse relationship between cell ferritin content and transferrin receptor display. These studies indicate a critical role for Fe in leukemia cell growth and possible roles in cellular differentiation.
THE LAW OF SICKNESS INSURANCE IN HOLLAND
Authors: J. P. van der Brugh
Journal: BMJ (1914)

Ix the miajority of European countries the practice of medicine is passing througlh a critical stage.The grow- ing social movement on all sides compels one to realize that the medical ciare of tlhe industrial classes is a iiiatter of great social interest, and one that mIust tlherefore be furthelred and exteended as much as possible.The endeav'our to enable every sufferer of the lower classes to assure himllself of securing skilled and m-iore extended medical assistance lhas the warmest approval of every one of us, for we all know from experience thlat in the existing unfavourable financial conditions under wlhich tllese people live imuclh is left to be desired.But the miianner in which Legislatures are seeking to attain the end has in every country comllpelled tlie doctors to take action in self-defence.Thle curious plhenomenion has appeaied that legislators lhave failed more or less completely to take in'to account the 'justifiable desires of tlle, doctors' by whoni thie law must be carried out, and witlhout whlose assistance it must be inoperative.The Legislatures have rouglhly interfered with the fine, subtle; but hononirable and necessary relations of medical practice.They liave paid insufficient attention to the basis of our profession-to the confidence of the patienit on the o'ne side, and the devotion and independent position of the doctor on the otlher.Legislators have gone to' work on lines that are too material, and, even so, have not suc- ceeded, for the nmaterial'interests'of the doctors lhave been badly neglected everywhere.It is as thouglh the legislator -wllo so carefully looks after' the importance and in- dependence of the judges-lhad not been able to see that a skilful, well-to-do, and independent medical body is a great national interest.,From this comes 'thb conflict wlhichl legislation lhas aroused.-However mucll tlle circumstances may differ, the bases of our profession are the same everywhere.-Wethink, tlherefore, that the readers of this J OURNAL, Wh1O only a slhort time ago were obliged to defend their financial interests against tlle legislator, will be interested to learn tle 'development of conditions elsewlhere.We intend to give a synopsis of the new Dutclh Sickness Insurance Law and its consequences for imiedical practice.The position of the law at the present moment is peculiar.It passed botlh chambers of the Dutch Legis- lature and received the Royal assent in the spring of last year; the text, lhowever, did not contain a clause fixing the date at whicl It-was to come into force, and at the general election in June tlle Governmnent was defeated.The new Ministry conltemplates certain alterations, whicl lhave not as yet been formulated.It is understood, lhowever, that they are concerned chiefly witlh compulsory insuramnee, casual labourers, and other similar details, and that the medical part of the law will be brouglht into force substantially unaltered.Before discussing tlle law, how- ever, it seems desirable to give a short account of the way
Mycoplasma pneumoniae high IgA titer but not IgG predicts increased hazard of death or myocardial infarction among patients with angiographically defined coronary artery disease
Authors: Tobin H. Lim, Joseph B. Muhlestein, John F. Carlquist, Bella Ohana, Mark Lipson, Benjamin D. Home, Jeffrey L. Anderson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
USEFUL METHOD FOR REMOVING FOREIGN BODIES FROM THE BLADDER
Authors: Frank Benton Block
Journal: JAMA (1924)

It takes much courage to announce something new to the profession because, as a rule, after making such an announcement, one will be gently reminded by some colleague that our newly discovered pet was beautifully described ten or perhaps fifty years ago. For this reason, the method about to be discussed is described merely as a useful method of removing certain foreign bodies and calculi from the bladder differing in certain details from several well known methods. This method depends on the use of a ureteral catheter as a snare, and will be found to be of advantage when an operating cystoscope is not available or when the type of foreign body is such that it cannot be readily grasped by an operating forceps or ronguer on account either of its size or of its shape. The sketch shows the under surface of the double catheterizing cystoscope with a catheter
Gay bomb and <i>BMJ</i> authors win prizes
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A novel weapon under investigation by the US Air Force has won this year's Ig Nobel peace prize. The Ig Nobel awards, given for science that “first makes you laugh, then makes you think,” were given to recipients from five continents by six winners of the actual Nobel prize last week at Harvard University.

The unusual weapon, confirmed by Pentagon sources, is a “gay bomb” (http://blog.washingtonpost.com/offbeat, 12 Jun, “Sunshine project uncovers US military ‘gay bomb'”). The project, which officials say has now been scrapped, was to come up with a device …
Kreislauf und Hirntuberkulose. (The Circulation and Tuberculosis of the Brain—An investigation into the pathological changes in the arrangement of blood vessels, due to inflammatory cerebral states.) By <i>Dr. Phil. et med. Richard Arwed Pfeifer.</i> (Dresden &amp; Leipzig: Theodor Steinkopff, 1935.)
Authors: Eric A. Linell
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1936)
Recognizing early asthma
Authors: F. D. Martinez
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Asthma symptoms often develop during the first years of life. Longitudinal studies show that at least 40% of children with wheezing lower respiratory illnesses (LRIs) during the first 3 years of life still have wheezing episodes at 6 years of age. Thus, it is important to identify children at risk of developing asthma, and to distinguish these from those in whom early wheezing is likely to be transient. This is complicated, however, by the variable nature of asthma and the lack of specific and sensitive markers. Genetic markers and epidemiologic risk factors for asthma have been identified, but cannot be used to predict the development of asthma in an individual patient. Similarly, infants who subsequently develop asthma in childhood have higher serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and peripheral eosinophil counts than those who do not develop asthma, but, again, these factors are not sufficiently sensitive and specific to allow identification of children at risk of developing asthma. An algorithm is presented that outlines possible criteria to determine the risk of developing asthma in infants.
The Global Health Watch 2 report
Authors: R. Labonte
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Holding the social and economic causes of health inequities to account

Global Health Watch 2 , the second of the self claimed alternative world health reports, is published today.1 Like its 2005 predecessor, it is an approachable overview of why health inequities persist and what can be done to reduce them. The strength of this report is that it is a product of several civil society organisations and networks, and its inherent activism is strongly evidence based and carefully reasoned.

The report is divided into major sections on health systems, determinants of health, and accountability, and it includes essays on alternative development and on the politics of resistance to unhealthy policies, politics, and economics. A key argument is that our present approach to development divides the world’s three most important imperatives—to reduce poverty, improve health, and sustain the environment—into unattainable incoherence. For example, poverty reduction in low income countries, which is assumed to improve health, is driven by growth that is led by exports. These exports are consumed by people in high income countries at a level of consumption that is environmentally unsustainable. In an alternative paradigm, economic growth would be based on supporting production by poorer people in low income countries of goods and services needed by the poor.

The section of the report on health systems may be most appealing to practitioners, although it has no chapters on specific diseases. It accepts that some benefit derives from a disease focus, but it is critical of the dominating global model of targeted initiatives, technology …
Long-term safety of isotretinoin as a treatment for acne vulgaris
Authors: V. GOULDEN, A.M. LAYTON, W.J. CUNLIFFE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

We assessed possible long-term side-effects of isotretinoin therapy in 720 patients who had received one or more courses of treatment, and had a mean follow-up period of 4.9 years (range 2-12 years). Most patients (442) had received a total cumulative dose of 120-200 mg/kg body weight. One hundred and sixty-two patients received a cumulative dose of < 120 mg/kg body weight, and 116 received a cumulative dose > 200 mg/kg. Fifty-two patients (7.2%) reported persistent symptoms during the follow-up period. No correlation was found between age, sex, cumulative dose, or number of courses of isotretinoin and occurrence of reported possible side-effects. The reported symptoms were predominantly musculoskeletal (2%) or mucocutaneous (4.8%), and were mild in all cases. Xeroderma, dry eye syndrome, arthralgia, and possible exacerbation of eczema, were considered to be infrequent but probable long-term side-effects. The findings of this study indicate that isotretinoin in the treatment of acne is a safe drug, with no serious long-term side-effects.
Altered Taste Sensation in Newly-Diagnosed NIDDM
Authors: Petros Perros, T Wallace MacFarlane, Carl Counsell, Brian M Frier
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To assess gustatory appreciation in newly diagnosed NIDDM patients and to determine whether it altered with the improvement of glycemic control after treatment with diet and oral hypoglycemic drugs. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Assessments of taste, peripheral and autonomic neural function, diet, and oral microbiological flora were performed in 20 patients before and after treatment of hyperglycemia, 20 matched nondiabetic control subjects, and 11 patients with long duration of diabetes and advanced peripheral neuropathy. RESULTS Median total HbA1 fell from 12.6 to 8.8% in new diabetic patients after 3–5 months of treatment. Electrical taste thresholds, detection threshold for glucose, and recognition threshold for glucose and salt were increased in newly-diagnosed NIDDM patients compared with the control subjects. The dose-response curve to glucose (using a visual analogue scale [VAS]) of newly-diagnosed NIDDM patients was significantly impaired and improved after treatment. By contrast, newly-diagnosed NIDDM patients had normal VAS taste responses to fructose, salt, and urea. Measurements of somatic and autonomic nerve function did not correlate with electrical or chemical taste function. CONCLUSIONS Newly-diagnosed NIDDM patients have a blunted taste response, which displays a degree of specificity to glucose, is partially reversed after correction of hyperglycemia, and is independent of somatic or autonomic nerve function. This taste abnormality may influence the premorbid choice of nutrients, with a preference for sweet-tasting foods, thereby exacerbating hyperglycemia.
Morphine hyperalgesia gated through microglia-mediated disruption of neuronal Cl− homeostasis
Authors: Francesco Ferrini, Tuan Trang, Theresa-Alexandra M Mattioli, Sophie Laffray, Thomas Del'Guidice, Louis-Etienne Lorenzo, Annie Castonguay, Nicolas Doyon, Wenbo Zhang, Antoine G Godin, Daniela Mohr, Simon Beggs, Karen Vandal, Jean-Martin Beaulieu, Catherine M Cahill, Michael W Salter, Yves De Koninck
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2013)
Aminocaproic acid and "proteinuria".
Authors: M. W. Cooksey, M. S. Knapp
Journal: BMJ (1968)

themselves to logical interpretation.Rather they perpetuate the need for empirical rules in interpretation.The electrocardiogram is recorded in two planes, the frontal and transverse.The frontal plane includes the six limb leads.There is disagreement about precise reference of these leads to the heart.Earlier hexaxial reference systems were based on an absolute acceptance of Einthoven's theories.It is now thought that these theories may not be accu- rate, and a corrected reference system has been introduced.! Whatever the theoretical considerations, in practice these six limb leads may be represented as viewing the heart from a series of approximate positions in the frontal plane.Uhley and Rosenblum' consider that it would be logical to display the limb leads in the order aVR, aVL, I, II, aVF, III.The chest leads describe an arc in the transverse plane.The two planes coincide in the area of V6, so that V. could also be included with the frontal plane leads.V. is usually intermediate in pattern between leads I and II, as would be expected from their points of reference.Thus the two planes may be combined in displaying the electro- cardiogram (see Fig.).When mounted in this way there is a gradual change of pattern from aVR, through aVL,, I, V6, II, aVF, to III, and similarly from VI-6.The electrical axis can be read at a glance.Ischaemic changes will be grouped together, so that, for example, a lateral infarction would give rise to abnormal tracings in leads mounted along the right-hand side of the paper.This presentation may simplify interpreta-
Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type III (CDA III) is caused by a mutation in kinesin family member, KIF23
Authors: Maria Liljeholm, Andrew F. Irvine, Ann-Louise Vikberg, Anna Norberg, Stacy Month, Herbert Sandström, Anders Wahlin, Masanori Mishima, Irina Golovleva
Journal: Blood (2013)
'Light Up and Make My Day'-Reply
Authors: Blake Cady
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Leigh suggests another way of looking at cost subsidization with smoking behavior and illness and life expectancy. His arguments are interesting if not comforting. There is evidence that some governments consider the arguments of Gori et al that Dr Leigh cites when analyzing the costs of an overall tobacco policy. Cessation of smoking produces too great a loss of tax revenue and increase in Social Security costs. Their cynical view is that cigarette smoking is ideal for governments. They can collect tobacco taxes for 50 years and then not pay Social Security because the smoker dies shortly after retirement.
Gestational Diabetes and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Catherine Kim, Katherine M. Newton, Robert H. Knopp
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

To examine factors associated with variation in the risk for type 2 diabetes in women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).We conducted a systematic literature review of articles published between January 1965 and August 2001, in which subjects underwent testing for GDM and then testing for type 2 diabetes after delivery. We abstracted diagnostic criteria for GDM and type 2 diabetes, cumulative incidence of type 2 diabetes, and factors that predicted incidence of type 2 diabetes.A total of 28 studies were examined. After the index pregnancy, the cumulative incidence of diabetes ranged from 2.6% to over 70% in studies that examined women 6 weeks postpartum to 28 years postpartum. Differences in rates of progression between ethnic groups was reduced by adjustment for various lengths of follow-up and testing rates, so that women appeared to progress to type 2 diabetes at similar rates after a diagnosis of GDM. Cumulative incidence of type 2 diabetes increased markedly in the first 5 years after delivery and appeared to plateau after 10 years. An elevated fasting glucose level during pregnancy was the risk factor most commonly associated with future risk of type 2 diabetes.Conversion of GDM to type 2 diabetes varies with the length of follow-up and cohort retention. Adjustment for these differences reveals rapid increases in the cumulative incidence occurring in the first 5 years after delivery for different racial groups. Targeting women with elevated fasting glucose levels during pregnancy may prove to have the greatest effect for the effort required.
Differences in Mechanisms and Outcomes of Syncope in Patients With Coronary Disease or Idiopathic Left Ventricular Dysfunction as Assessed by Electrophysiologic Testing
Authors: Béatrice Brembilla-Perrot, Christine Suty-Selton, Daniel Beurrier, Pierre Houriez, Marc Nippert, Arnaud Terrier de la Chaise, Pierre Louis, Olivier Claudon, Marius Andronache, Ahmed Abdelaah, Nicolas Sadoul, Yves Juillière
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Effects of Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibition on Systemic and Pulmonary Hemodynamics and Ventricular Function in Patients With Severe Symptomatic Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Brian R. Lindman, Alan Zajarias, José A. Madrazo, Jay Shah, Brian F. Gage, Eric Novak, Stephanie N. Johnson, Murali M. Chakinala, Tara A. Hohn, Mohammed Saghir, Douglas L. Mann
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Pressure overload resulting from aortic stenosis causes maladaptive ventricular and vascular remodeling that can lead to pulmonary hypertension, heart failure symptoms, and adverse outcomes. Retarding or reversing this maladaptive remodeling and its unfavorable hemodynamic consequences has the potential to improve morbidity and mortality. Preclinical models of pressure overload have shown that phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibition is beneficial; however, the use of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in patients with aortic stenosis is controversial because of concerns about vasodilation and hypotension.We evaluated the safety and hemodynamic response of 20 subjects with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (mean aortic valve area, 0.7 ± 0.2 cm(2); ejection fraction, 60 ± 14%) who received a single oral dose of sildenafil (40 or 80 mg). Compared with baseline, after 60 minutes, sildenafil reduced systemic (-12%; P<0.001) and pulmonary (-29%; P=0.002) vascular resistance, mean pulmonary artery (-25%; P<0.001) and wedge (-17%; P<0.001) pressures, and increased systemic (13%; P<0.001) and pulmonary (45%; P<0.001) vascular compliance and stroke volume index (8%; P=0.01). These changes were not dose dependent. Sildenafil caused a modest decrease in mean systemic arterial pressure (-11%; P<0.001) but was well tolerated with no episodes of symptomatic hypotension.This study shows for the first time that a single dose of a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor is safe and well tolerated in patients with severe aortic stenosis and is associated with improvements in pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics resulting in biventricular unloading. These findings support the need for longer-term studies to evaluate the role of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibition as adjunctive medical therapy in patients with aortic stenosis.
1001-34 Noninvasive detection of carotid artery endothelial dysfunction due to hypertriglyceridemia with high-frequency real-time low mechanical index imaging of retained microbubbles
Authors: Jeane Mike Tsutsui, Feng Xie, Stanley J Radio, Patrick Phillips, James Chomas, John Lof, Thomas R Porter
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Pitfalls of Population-Based Preventive Medicine
Authors: Seth J. Baum
Journal: JAMA (2013)

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