tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
US government supports Maine law to curb drug prices
Authors: D. Josefson
Journal: BMJ (2002)

The Bush administration has given evidence to the US Supreme Court in support of Maine's proposed prescription pricing controls law. If the law is upheld, 20 other states could follow suit.

In August 2000, Maine became the first US state to enact prescription drug price controls, but fierce debate about whether the law was constitutional stalled its implementation. The industry appealed to the Supreme Court, which asked the Bush administration last October for its views.

Called Maine Rx, the law will force pharmaceutical companies to lower their drug …
Epidemiological aspects of squint.
Authors: A. M. Adelstein, J. Scully
Journal: BMJ (1967)

<b>Objective:</b> To evaluate the influence of the single nucleotide polymorphism rs1080985 in the cytochrome P450 2D6 (<i>CYP2D6</i>) gene on the efficacy of donepezil in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease (AD). <b>Methods:</b> This was a multicenter, prospective cohort study of 127 white patients with AD according to the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke–Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Association Work Group criteria. Patients were treated with donepezil 5–10 mg/daily for 6 months. Cognitive and functional statuses were evaluated at baseline and at 6-month follow-up. Response to therapy was defined according to the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence criteria. Compliance and drug-related adverse events were also evaluated. The analyses identifying the <i>CYP2D6</i> and <i>APOE</i> polymorphisms were performed in blinded fashion. <b>Results:</b> At 6-month follow-up, 69 of 115 patients (60%) were responders and 46 patients (40%) were nonresponders to donepezil treatment. A significantly higher frequency of patients with the G allele of rs1080985 was found in nonresponders than in responders (58.7% vs 34.8%, <i>p</i> = 0.013). Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, Mini-Mental State Examination score at baseline, and <i>APOE</i> demonstrated that patients with the G allele had a significantly higher risk of poor response to donepezil treatment (odds ratio 3.431, 95% confidence interval 1.490–7.901). <b>Conclusions:</b> The single nucleotide polymorphism rs1080985 in the <i>CYP2D6</i> gene may influence the clinical efficacy of donepezil in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease (AD). The analysis of <i>CYP2D6</i> genotypes may be useful in identifying subgroups of patients with AD who have different clinical responses to donepezil.
Nucleosomal Context of Binding Sites Influences Transcription Factor Binding Affinity and Gene Regulation
Authors: Zhiming Dai, Xianhua Dai, Qian Xiang, Jihua Feng
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2009)

Abstract Transcription factor (TF) binding to its DNA target site plays an essential role in gene regulation. The location, orientation and spacing of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) also affect regulatory function of the TF. However, how nucleosomal context of TFBSs influences TF binding and subsequent gene regulation remains to be elucidated. Using genome-wide nucleosome positioning and TF binding data in budding yeast, we found that binding affinities of TFs to DNA tend to decrease with increasing nucleosome occupancy of the associated binding sites. We further demonstrated that nucleosomal context of binding sites is correlated with gene regulation of the corresponding TF. Nucleosome-depleted TFBSs are linked to high gene activity and low expression noise, whereas nucleosome-covered TFBSs are associated with low gene activity and high expression noise. Moreover, nucleosome-covered TFBSs tend to disrupt coexpression of the corresponding TF target genes. We conclude that nucleosomal context of binding sites influences TF binding affinity, subsequently affecting the regulation of TFs on their target genes. This emphasizes the need to include nucleosomal context of TFBSs in modeling gene regulation.
Positive ln-111 WBC Scan in a Patient With Ischemic lleocolitis and Negative Colonoscopies
Authors: ANITA G. MOALLEM, PERRY S. GERARD, MAHEJABEEN JAPANWALLA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

Early ischemic bowel disease may be apparent on in-111 WBC scan before endoscopic changes of the mucosa. This may indicate a subacute process. The case in point did have angiographic findings of lleocolitis despite repeated colonoscopy.
The impact of a chlorotoxin-modified liposome system on receptor MMP-2 and the receptor-associated protein ClC-3
Authors: Chao Qin, Bing He, Wenbing Dai, Zhiqiang Lin, Hua Zhang, Xueqing Wang, Jiancheng Wang, Xuan Zhang, Guangji Wang, Lifang Yin, Qiang Zhang
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
An Expansile Lesion of the Proximal Ulna
Authors: Joseph A. Guzzetta
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Dr. Guy C. Hebert: This patient is a 10-year-old white girl admitted because of an aching pain in the left elbow of several weeks' duration. The patient first noted this pain after exercising at school. It was believed to be due to muscle strain but when it persisted, she was taken to her family physician and roentgenograms were obtained. There had been no previous bone pain, fracture, or trauma to this area. The patient's history and family history were non-contributory. The results of physical examination were normal except for mild tenderness to deep palpation in the medial forearm over the left ulna at its proximal extremity. There was no palpable mass. Findings from laboratory studies were within normal limits. <h3>Discussion</h3> Dr. Laurence L. Robbins: Dr. McNeill, would you please discuss this case? Dr. J. Malcolm McNeill: The roentgenograms (Figure) show an expanded lesion in the proximal ulna that has a
SiRNA for Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) Decreases Infection of A549 Cells by Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Human Rhinovirus (HRV)-16
Authors: B SHIN, Y DAVIS, X KONG, S PARK, R LOCKEY, S MOHAPATRA
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2008)
Transthoracic Needle Biopsy
Authors: Björn Nordenström
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1967)

IN spite of several earlier attempts to develop a safe and reliable method, needle biopsy of pulmonary lesions has not become generally accepted in the diagnosis of lung diseases. Complications such as life-threatening bleedings, infection, air embolism and pneumothorax were probably the main reasons for this. In 1960 a critical investigation was made of the possible reasons for the unsuccessful attempts up to that time, among which unsatisfactory roentgen-diagnostic technics and equipment, and probably to some extent inappropriate instruments, seemed to have been important. In systematic attempts to develop a reliable method, about 2000 biopsies have been performed at the . . .
Injuries by Venomous Animals in the United States
Authors: Findlay E. Russell
Journal: JAMA (1961)

INJURIES inflicted by venomous animals are common in many areas of the United States. At least 1,500 persons a year are bitten by venomous reptiles. Venomous fishes, coelenterates, and certain other marine forms are responsible for about 1,800 injuries annually. The number of poisonings by venomous arthropods is not known, but the frequency of reported bee stings in several selected areas studied by questionnaire would indicate that at least 100,000 persons a year are stung by some form of arthropod. Bites by venomous mammals are extremely rare. Between 1950 and 1954, 215 deaths from venomous animal stings or bites were reported in the United States.<sup>1</sup>Seventy-one deaths were attributed to venomous reptiles, 86 to venomous Hymenoptera, and 39 to venomous spiders. The remaining fatalities were inflicted by scorpions, a stingray,<sup>2</sup>a coelenterate, and unidentified animals. In relation to population, the death rates were highest in Arizona, Georgia,
Ascorbic Acid Reverses Endothelial Vasomotor Dysfunction in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Glenn N. Levine, Balz Frei, Spyridon N. Koulouris, Marie D. Gerhard, John F. Keaney, Joseph A. Vita
Journal: Circulation (1996)

In the setting of atherosclerosis, endothelial vasomotor function is abnormal. Increased oxidative stress has been implicated as one potential mechanism for this observation. We therefore hypothesized that an antioxidant, ascorbic acid, would improve endothelium-dependent arterial dilation in patients with coronary artery disease.Brachial artery endothelium-dependent dilation in response to hyperemia was assessed by high-resolution vascular ultrasound before and 2 hours after oral administration of either 2 g ascorbic acid or placebo in a total of 46 patients with documented coronary artery disease. Plasma ascorbic acid concentration increased 2.5-fold 2 hours after treatment (46+/-8 to 114+/-11 micromol/L, P=.001). In the prospectively defined group of patients with an abnormal baseline response (<5% dilation), ascorbic acid produced marked improvement in dilation (2.0+/-0.6% to 9.7+/-2.0%), whereas placebo had no effect (1.1+/-1.5% to 1.7+/-1.5%, P=.003 for ascorbic acid versus placebo). Ascorbic acid had no effect on hyperemic flow or arterial dilation to sublingual nitroglycerin.Ascorbic acid reverses endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in the brachial circulation of patients with coronary artery disease. These findings suggest that increased oxidative stress contributes to endothelial dysfunction in patients with atherosclerosis and that endothelial dysfunction may respond to antioxidant therapy.
Abstract 708: Overcoming the cisplatin resistance of HNSCC cells through Chk1/2 inhibition.
Authors: Mayur A. Gadhikar, Maria Rita Sciuto, Marcus Vinicus Alves Ortega, Curtis Pickering, Marcus Monroe, Abdullah Osman, David Neskey, Erich M. Sturgis, Jeffrey N. Myers, Mitchell J. Frederick
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Despite the use of multimodality therapy employing cisplatin to treat patients with advanced stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), there is an unacceptably high rate of treatment failure. TP53 is the most commonly mutated gene in HNSCC, and the impact of p53 mutation on response to cisplatin treatment is poorly understood. Here we show unambiguously that wild type TP53 (wtp53) is associated with sensitivity of HNSCC cells to cisplatin treatment while mutation or loss of TP53 is associated with cisplatin resistance. We also demonstrate that senescence is the major mode of cell death that accounts for the cisplatin responses in wtp53 HNSCC cells and that cisplatin resistance in p53 null or mutant TP53 cells is due their resistance to senescence induction. Given the dependence on Chk1/2 kinases to mediate the DNA damage response in p53 deficient cells, there is potential to exploit this to therapeutic advantage through targeted inhibition of the Chk1/2 kinases. Treatment of p53 deficient HNSCC cells with the Chk inhibitor leads to sensitization to cisplatin treatment through the induction of mitotic cell death. Therefore, the most common genomic alteration in HNSCC, p53 mutation, can lead to a decreased therapeutic response to cisplatin that can be overcome using a synthetic lethal approach with Chk inhibition. These pre-clinical data provide evidence that a personalized approach to the treatment of HNSCC based on Chk inhibition in p53 mutant tumors may be feasible. The is the first report presenting unambiguous evidence that HNSCC cells respond to cisplatin in a p53 dependent manner. In addition, we clarify that in the presence of wtp53 the major mode of cell death in response to cisplatin in HNSCC cells is senescence, and not apoptosis. TP53 mutations have been identified in 60% of HNSCC cases and many of these patients’ tumors are resistant non-surgical treatment options. By showing dramatic sensitization to cisplatin through addition of Chk1/2 kinase inhibitor in cells with different HNSCC p53 mutations, we present a promising therapeutic approach that warrants further pre-clinical and clinical investigation. Citation Format: Mayur A. Gadhikar, Maria Rita Sciuto, Marcus Vinicus Alves Ortega, Curtis Pickering, Marcus Monroe, Abdullah Osman, David Neskey, Erich M. Sturgis, Jeffrey N. Myers, Mitchell J. Frederick. Overcoming the cisplatin resistance of HNSCC cells through Chk1/2 inhibition. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 708. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-708
Acute meningitis in early childhood caused by Aerococcus viridans.
Authors: K A Nathavitharana, S N Arseculeratne, H A Aponso, R Vijeratnam, L Jayasena, C Navaratnam
Journal: BMJ (1983)

x-fetoprotein can more easily reach the maternal circulation.Another possibility is absorption of fetal blood after tubal abortion.Our findings support the use of Rho (D) immune globulin in Rh- negative women with ectopic pregnancy.Determination of the x- fetoprotein concentration may also prove useful as an adjunct in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.UK Collaborative Study on Alpha-fetoprotein in Relation to Neural Tube Defects.Second report.Amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein measurement in antenatal diagnosis of anencephaly and open spina bifida in early preg- nancy.Lancet 1979;ii:651-61. 2Cederqvist LL.The use of alpha-fetoprotein in the evaluation of the fetus.In: Lauersen NH, ed.Principles of clinical fetal monitoring.New York:
Cardiac Amyloidosis with the<i>E526V</i>Mutation of the Fibrinogen A α-Chain
Authors: Georges Mourad, Jean-Philippe Delabre, Valérie Garrigue
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2008)

To the Editor: Proteinuria developed in a 48-year-old man in 2003. His mother had died 10 years earlier from renal amyloidosis. Laboratory tests showed isolated nephrotic-range proteinuria (urinary...
Health Care Financing for All Americans
Authors: Carl J. Schramm
Journal: JAMA (1991)

Access to health care financing can be achieved by using a combination of public and private initiatives aimed at every American who wants access to health care but is currently denied access. Small-employer market reforms that would guarantee the availability and affordability of coverage to small employers and their employees should be enacted. A private, not-for-profit reinsurance mechanism should be established to absorb losses for high-risk individuals and high-risk employer groups insured by carriers. State risk pools should be established to provide coverage to high-risk individuals who cannot obtain coverage through an employer. Tax assistance should be provided to small employers who make health care coverage available to their employees. The Medicaid program should be extended to cover all poor and near-poor Americans and to provide primary and preventive care for the near poor.
From the FDA
Authors: Stuart L. Nightingale
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>AIDS Antibody Test:</h3> The FDA has approved several companies' test kits for screening blood for antibody to HTLV-III, the virus that was identified last year as the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (<i>JAMA</i>[MEDICAL NEWS] 1985;253:1694-1699). The tests are labeled for screening blood at blood and plasma centers, but are also being sold to other laboratories and clinics. The FDA has sent letters to the nation's physicians explaining the limitations of the test in diagnosing AIDS. <h3>Pre-1962 Drugs Review:</h3> Because of deaths of premature infants associated with a vitamin E supplement, the FDA will no longer permit marketing of products similar or related to pre-1962 drugs without specific agency review and approval. The agency also is requiring manufacturers to report adverse drug reactions for all drugs, including "grandfathered" and unapproved drugs. Previously, reporting was tied to drug approval. Older, preapproval drugs and improperly marketed drugs were not specifically covered. <h3>Some</h3>
Too early for a neuropsychology of empathy
Authors: Hank Davis
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2002)

To date, a wide range of interdisciplinary scholarship has done little to clarify either the why or the how of empathy. Preston &amp; de Waal (P&amp;deW) attempt to remedy this, although it remains unclear whether empathy consists of two discrete processes, or whether a perceptual and motor component are joined in some sort of behavioral inevitability. Although it is appealing to offer a neuroanatomy of empathy, the present level of neuropsychology may not support such reductionism.
EFFECTS OF SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Authors: I. M. Hay
Journal: JAMA (1949)

To the Editor:—  Dr. A. D. Jonas, in his discussion of the article Some Effects of Myanesin on Psychiatric Patients (J. A. M. A. 140 :1172 [Aug. 6] 1949), remarked: For the last few years efforts have been made to prevent stimuli originating in the emotional centers of the central nervous system from reaching the effector organs and, by inference, producing the anxiety state.  There are many reasons for believing that such stimuli arise in the sympathetic system itself and produce their effect on the central nervous system by regulating its blood supply. The fact that the sympathetic system is older developmentally is of interest.  Also, it is possible that circulating epinephrine is the mediator for the heart, sweat glands and the sympathetic nervous system of the brain. Thus the action of the agents would be to inhibit the formation of this mediator. If one further speculates that circulating epinephrine
Bone Scintigraphy in the Diagnosis of Mastoiditis
Authors: JOHN L. FLOYD, EDWARD L. GOODMAN
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

Bone scintigraphy has proven utility in the early diagnosis of osteomyelitis, but the authors were unable to find any report of its specific application to mastoiditis. Three cases of mastoiditis are presented in which the bone scan findings predicted the histopathologic findings.
REPEATED PERFORATIONS OF SMALL INTESTINE DUE TO FOCAL INFECTION
Authors: S. S. Gale
Journal: JAMA (1922)

<h3>History.</h3> —A woman, aged 40, was first admitted to the hospital, Sept. 17, 1918, because of general abdominal pain, most marked in the region of the right iliac fossa, with abdominal distention, rigidity and vomiting. The family history was negative. The patient had been married eighteen years, but had no children, and there had been no miscarriages. The menses, which began at 12, were of the twenty-eight day type, regular, with slight pain and backache on the first two days, the flow lasting from four to six days; there was no leukorrhea. The patient had always enjoyed good health and had never had any injuries; she had had most of the diseases of childhood. She drank coffee and tea moderately, and did not use alcohol or tobacco. The tonsils had been removed about two years previously, and about eighteen months before, a small cystic tumor had been removed from the
Patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease have elevated fibroblast growth factor 23 levels and a renal leak of phosphate
Authors: Ivana Pavik, Philippe Jaeger, Andreas D. Kistler, Diane Poster, Fabienne Krauer, Claudia Cavelti-Weder, Katharina M. Rentsch, Rudolf P. Wüthrich, Andreas L. Serra
Journal: Kidney International (2010)
Observations on Dislocation
Authors: J. Jesse
Journal: BMJ (1847)

Few accidents are more common tban dislocation; none involve the character of the surgeon or bappiness of the patient more completely.An ill-managed dislocation, or the nature of the injury overlooked, renders the limb less useful, life less agreeable, and foreverimpugns tbe anatomical and surgical know- ledge of the practitioner.Mdischief, quite as grievous to the patient, may arise from imprudence in the time and mode of reduction, for want of clear ideas on the subject.The analysis of cases faithfully recorded forms an important part of the source whence the following axioms are deduced, and it is my intention to support each doctrine by the evidence of fact.As we are this evening to discuss principles in reference to dislocation generally, the cases cited will chiefly refer to the hip and shoulder.These joints are selected from their importance, the frequency of their injury, and the formidable resistance they are capable of opposing to reduction.The practice which enables us to subdue these cases points out the course to treat all others with success.Dislocation is the removal or displacement of articular surfaces from their natural position.Simple dislocation may be either Complete, or Incomplete; Compound, or Complicated.It may also arise from Relaxation of the ligaments; Accumulated synovia; Loss of muscular power; or Ulceration.We will confine the question generally to dislocation thes.e the parts immediately prior to displacement, wete in a normal state, and referring to the abnormal condition, only where it is required to illustrate the present question.The force requisite to dislocate a limb depends on4heL structure of the joint, the position of the aWlsif the limb and the state of the muscles at the mnea~the disturbing power was applied.WhenI th4u*1_.are unpreoare -a very slight shock will Jr
54 Cellular binding and entry of hepatitis C virus pseudotypes and virus-like particles requires a different set of cellular co-receptors
Authors: A. Haberstroh, H. Barth, E.K. Schnober, J.M. Pestka, H.M. Diepolder, J.T. Gerlach, A.H. Patel, H.E. Blum, F. Cosset, T.F. Baumert
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Remarks on the Treatment of Strangulated Hernia, Founded on Two Cases of False Anus after Herniotomy, in which the "Spur" was Removed by Dupuytren's Enterotome, and the Opening Closed by Suture
Authors: H. Marsh
Journal: BMJ (1885)

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Disruption of Thyroid Hormone Receptor–Mediated Transcription and Thyroid Hormone–Induced Purkinje Cell Dendrite Arborization by Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers
Authors: Kingsley Ibhazehiebo, Toshiharu Iwasaki, Junko Kimura-Kuroda, Wataru Miyazaki, Noriaki Shimokawa, Noriyuki Koibuchi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been used as flame retardants and are becoming a ubiquitous environmental contaminant. Adverse effects in the developing brain are of great health concern.We investigated the effect of PBDEs/hydroxylated PBDEs (OH-PBDEs) on thyroid hormone (TH) receptor (TR)-mediated transcription and on TH-induced dendrite arborization of cerebellar Purkinje cells.We examined the effect of PBDEs/OH-PBDEs on TR action using a transient transfection-based reporter gene assay. TR-cofactor binding was studied by the mammalian two-hybrid assay, and TR-DNA [TH response element (TRE)] binding was examined by the liquid chemiluminescent DNA pull-down assay. Chimeric receptors generated from TR and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) were used to identify the functional domain of TR responsible for PBDE action. The change in dendrite arborization of the Purkinje cell in primary culture of newborn rat cerebellum was also examined.Several PBDE congeners suppressed TR-mediated transcription. The magnitude of suppression correlated with that of TR-TRE dissociation. PBDEs suppressed transcription of chimeric receptors containing the TR DNA binding domain (TR-DBD). We observed no such suppression with chimeras containing GR-DBD. In the cerebellar culture, PBDE significantly suppressed TH-induced Purkinje cell dendrite arborization.Several PBDE congeners may disrupt the TH system by partial dissociation of TR from TRE acting through TR-DBD and, consequently, may disrupt normal brain development.