tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Public Health Consequences of Disasters
Authors: James N. Logue
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To increase our awareness of the significant human losses associated with disasters throughout the world, the United Nations declared the 1990s the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR). As part of the response to the United Nations initiative, editor Dr Eric Noji, with 15 other contributors, has developed a major reference text on public health and disasters. <i>The Public Health Consequences of Disasters</i>is a significant update to the 1989 monograph by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) on the same subject. As with the earlier monograph, many of the contributors have had extensive medical and public health experience related to recent disasters in both national and international settings while serving as physician-scientists or public health professionals within the CDC. Following the approach used by Dr Michael Gregg, who served as editor and contributing author of the 1989 CDC monograph and who provides the foreword to this
Diphyllobothriasis in Americans and Asians-Reply
Authors: Bruce G. Weniger
Journal: JAMA (1982)

In Reply.—  Since 1968, the PDDS of the CDC has provided niclosamide to physicians in the United States requesting it to treat patients with Diphyllobothrium and other cestode infections. In 1981 the PDDS filled 4,916 such requests, of which 212 were for reported fish tapeworm infections; 28 of these reported Diphyllobothrium infections were in persons with southeast Asian surnames.  As Dr Dooley points out, the operculated eggs of various flukes (Trematoda) endemic in southeast Asia may resemble fish tapeworm ( Diphyllobothrium ) eggs, and lead to misdiagnosis when measurement of egg size is not used in stool examination to distinguish Diphyllobothrium (58 to 75 μm long) from these other parasites. Of course, it is possible that some reports to the PDDS of fish tapeworm infection in southeast Asian refugees may be mistaken. However, two screening studies 1,2 of these refugees have reported a few fish tapeworm infections. Although Diphyllobothrium has not been
All in this together: the corporate capture of public health
Authors: J. S. Mindell, L. Reynolds, D. L. Cohen, M. McKee
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Overseeing the revolving doorCorporations can exert influence on ministers, civil servants, and special advisers while they are in post by holding out the possibility of employing them once they are no longer in post, and can benefit from their insider knowledge once they have stopped working for the government.This highly unsatisfactory situation should be rectified by the code of conduct overseen by the Advisory Committee on Business Appointments, from which those in senior positions in government should seek advice if they take up any new appointment within two years.However, as described in detail by the House of Commons Public Administration Committee, 44 this process is not working.The system is described as opaque and confusing, and its voluntary nature creates scope for abuse.The Public Administration Committee calls for a system of clear, statutory regulation,
Natural variation of H3K27me3 distribution between two Arabidopsis accessions and its association with flanking transposable elements
Authors: Xue Dong, Julia Reimer, Ulrike Göbel, Julia Engelhorn, Fei He, Heiko Schoof, Franziska Turck
Journal: Genome biology (2012)

Histone H3 lysine 27 tri-methylation and lysine 9 di-methylation are independent repressive chromatin modifications in Arabidopsis thaliana. H3K27me3 is established and maintained by Polycomb repressive complexes whereas H3K9me2 is catalyzed by SUVH histone methyltransferases. Both modifications can spread to flanking regions after initialization and were shown to be mutually exclusive in Arabidopsis. We analyzed the extent of natural variation of H3K27me3 in the two accessions Landsberg erecta (Ler) and Columbia (Col) and their F1 hybrids. The majority of H3K27me3 target genes in Col were unchanged in Ler and F1 hybrids. A small number of Ler-specific targets were detected and confirmed. Consistent with a cis-regulatory mechanism for establishing H3K27me3, differential targets showed allele-specific H3K27me3 in hybrids. Five Ler-specific targets showed the active mark H3K4me3 in Col and for this group, differential H3K27me3 enrichment accorded to expression variation. On the other hand, the majority of Ler-specific targets were not expressed in Col, Ler or 17 other accessions. Instead of H3K27me3, the antagonistic mark H3K9me2 and other heterochromatic features were observed at these loci in Col. These loci were frequently flanked by transposable elements, which were often missing in the Ler genome assembly. There is little variation in H3K27me3 occupancy within the species, although H3K27me3 targets were previously shown as overrepresented among differentially expressed genes. The existing variation in H3K27me3 seems mostly explained by flanking polymorphic transposable elements. These could nucleate heterochromatin, which then spreads into neighboring H3K27me3 genes, thus converting them to H3K9me2 targets.
Electrolyte Excretion in Bile
Authors: HENRY O. WHEELER, OSWALDO L. RAMOS, ROBERT T. WHITLOCK
Journal: Circulation (1960)

The high concentration of certain test substances in both urine and bile suggests that similarities exist between the biliary and renal tubular functions. Evidence from dogs with permanent duodenal fistulas indicates that the rate of elaboration of bile depends primarily on the rate of secretion of bile salts. The variations in flow and composition of hepatic bile seem to result from the addition of a fluid which is similar in some respects to pancreatic juice.
552 SPECTRUM OF HNF1A SOMATIC MUTATIONS IN HEPATOCELLULAR ADENOMA DIFFERS FROM THAT IN MODY3 PATIENTS AND SUGGESTS GENOTOXIC DAMAGE
Authors: E. Jeannot, P. Bioulac-Sage, C. Balabaud, J.-Y. Scoazec, J. Tran Van Nhieu, Y. Bacq, S. Michalak, D. Buob, I. Rusyn, J. Zucman-Rossi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Heart Size in Pulmonary Emphysema
Authors: Oreste Baratto
Journal: JAMA (1968)

There is a well known clinical impression that the heart appears small on chest roentgenograms of persons with pulmonary emphysema. The cardiac measurements from chest x-ray films as well as the cardiac weight at autopsy of patients with uncomplicated emphysema were compared with the roentgenographic measurements of the hearts of normal controls and the heart weights of another group of control patients without emphysema. It was found that the heart weights of nondebilitated patients dying with emphysema were similar to those of nonemphysematous, nondebilitated controls. The transverse cardiac measurements in the group with emphysema, however, were significantly smaller than those of the controls.
Direct crosstalk between mast cell–TNF and TNFR1-expressing endothelia mediates local tissue inflammation
Authors: Manfred Kneilling, Reinhard Mailhammer, Lothar Hültner, Tanja Schönberger, Kerstin Fuchs, Martin Schaller, Daniel Bukala, Steffen Massberg, Christian A. Sander, Heidi Braumüller, Martin Eichner, Konrad L. Maier, Rupert Hallmann, Bernd J. Pichler, Roland Haubner, Meinrad Gawaz, Klaus Pfeffer, Tilo Biedermann, Martin Röcken
Journal: Blood (2009)
Bone Scan Appearance in Aggressive Osteogenic Sarcoma With Pleural, Lung, Bone, and Soft-Tissue Metastases
Authors: Saleh Othman, Mahmoud El-Desouki
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2003)

A 40-year-old woman presented with a known case of osteogenic sarcoma of the right leg and underwent below-the-knee amputation. The preoperative workup was negative for distant metastases, and the patient was followed regularly. Two years later she developed dyspnea and chest pain. Computed tomography revealed diffuse left lung metastases with pleural involvement and nodular metastases in the right lung. Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate whole-body bone scanning revealed the amputated right leg with a clean stump but with widespread metastases in the right thigh involving soft tissue and bone, and the pelvis, left femur, and skull. In addition, diffuse left lung metastases involving both parietal pleura and lung parenchyma were seen. Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate uptake has been observed in the soft tissue and lungs in patients with osteogenic sarcoma but is rarely observed in practice with this degree of aggressiveness.
Lung Function and Respiratory Symptoms at 11 Years in Children Born Extremely Preterm
Authors: Joseph Fawke, Sooky Lum, Jane Kirkby, Enid Hennessy, Neil Marlow, Victoria Rowell, Sue Thomas, Janet Stocks
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Rationale: The long-term respiratory sequelae of infants born extremely preterm (EP) and now graduating from neonatal intensive care remains uncertain.Objectives: To assess the degree of respiratory morbidity and functional impairment at 11 years in children born EP (i.e., at or less than 25 completed weeks of gestation) in relation to neonatal determinants and current clinical status.Methods: Pre- and postbronchodilator spirometry were undertaken at school in children born EP and classroom control subjects. Physical examination and respiratory health questionnaires were completed. Multivariable regression was used to estimate the predictive power of potential determinants of lung function.Measurements and Main Results: Spirometry was obtained in 182 of 219 children born EP (129 with prior bronchopulmonary dysplasia [BPD]) and 161 of 169 classmates, matched for age, sex, and ethnic group. Children born EP had significantly more chest deformities and respiratory symptoms than classmates, with twice as many (25 vs. 13%; P < 0.01) having a current diagnosis of asthma. Baseline spirometry was significantly reduced (P < 0.001) and bronchodilator responsiveness was increased in those born EP, the changes being most marked in those with prior BPD. EP birth, BPD, current symptoms, and treatment with β-agonists are each associated independently with lung function z-scores (adjusted for age, sex, and height) at 11 years. Fifty-six percent of children born EP had abnormal baseline spirometry and 27% had a positive bronchodilator response, but less than half of those with impaired lung function were receiving any medication.Conclusions: After extremely preterm birth, impaired lung function and increased respiratory morbidity persist into middle childhood, especially among those with BPD. Many of these children may not be receiving appropriate treatment.
Mixed leukocyte reactivity and leukemia: study of identical siblings
Authors: Robert H. Rudolph, Eric Mickelson, E. Donnall Thomas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1970)

This report describes a search for tumor-specific transplantation antigens in man by testing four sets of identical siblings using the mixed leukocyte transformation reaction. In each case, one member of the set had acute leukemia in relapse. In no instance did the leukemic cells of the patient stimulate the cells of the normal twin, nor did cells from the normal twin stimulate cells from the leukemic patient. Possible explanations for the failure to detect a leukemia-associated antigen in these studies are discussed.
Coronary Artery Spasm, Silent Ischemia, and Cardiac Arrest
Authors: John P. DiMarco
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1992)

SUDDEN death from cardiac causes continues to be a major clinical problem, with more than 300,000 victims a year in the United States alone. Improvements in the emergency management of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest have permitted the resuscitation of many patients, and we have learned much about this syndrome from studies of survivors. Once the condition of a survivor of cardiac arrest has been stabilized and any complications of the resuscitation reversed, it is now standard practice to evaluate systematically the anatomical and electrophysiologic substrates responsible for the arrest.1 , 2 Most cardiac arrests that are not associated with an acute myocardial infarction . . .
Circulating and mesangial secretory component-binding IgA-1 in primary IgA nephropathy
Authors: Robert M. Valentijn, Jiri Radl, Joost J. Haaijman, Bert Jan Vermeer, Jan J. Weening, Robert H. Kauffmann, Mohamed R. Daha, Leendert A. van Es
Journal: Kidney International (1984)
Summary of actinic keratosis studies with imiquimod 5% cream
Authors: H. Tran, K. Chen, S. Shumack
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Imiquimod is being investigated as a therapeutic option for the management of actinic keratosis. Three recent clinical trials have demonstrated a reasonable efficacy rate and high safety profile. 'Cycle' therapy may improve the safety profile while maintaining efficacy. 'Field' treatment with imiquimod may uncover and treat 'subclinical' actinic keratoses, which in turn may potentially result in fewer recurrences. Longer follow‐up studies are required to investigate this possibility.
Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activity in the urinary neutrophils of a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Gradimir Janković, Milan Petrović, Milica Čolović, Mirjana Žilić, Rajko Dotlić
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract We report here a patient with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)‐positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in chronic phase in whom the alkaline phosphatase activity of neutrophils in the peripheral blood was low while at the same time the alkaline phosphatase content of neutrophils present in the urine was elevated. This observation provides independent clinical support for the recent experimental finding that an extrinsic factor (granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor) controls alkaline phosphatase expression in human neutrophils.
High Court tightens conditions under which Southall may practise
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The British consultant paediatrician David Southall should not be erased from the medical register, a High Court judge ruled last week. Professor Southall accused a father of murdering two of his baby sons after watching him on television.

The Council for Healthcare Regulatory Excellence (CHRE) had challenged the General Medical Council's decision not to strike Professor Southall off for accusing Stephen Clark of double murder on the basis …
Rose Bengal I 131 Liver Scan
Authors: William R. Eyler
Journal: JAMA (1965)

This exhibit was prepared to show how the hepatic photoscan using rose bengal I 131 may supply precise and unique data in the differential diagnosis of jaundice. The hepatic photoscan localizes discrete lesions causing jaundice, such as abscess, hepatoma, and metastases.<sup>1</sup>The technique pictorially indicates the size, number, and location of lesions by anterior and lateral views. The pattern of the scan indicates the parenchymal cells as the site of the abnormality in acute hepatitis and may suggest it in cirrhosis. Good uptake of the tagged material by the liver of jaundiced patients indicates good parenchymal function. If the standard cholecystogram and the cholangiogram after intravenous administration of radiopaque substance fail to demonstrate the gallbladder and the common duct in patients with jaundice due to extrahepatic obstruction, the photoscan may delineate the dilated gallbladder or duct system. Demonstration of the isotope in the gallbladder without its concomitant or later
The Distribution of Medical Services before and after “Free” Medical Care — The Quebec Experience
Authors: Enterline Pe, Salter, McDonald Ad, McDonald Jc
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Abstract Household interviews were conducted before and after the introduction in Quebec of a government-sponsored compulsory insurance program covering physician services. Physician visits per person per year remained constant at about five but were markedly shifted from persons in higher to lower income groups. The percentage of selected medical symptoms for which a doctor was consulted increased from 62 per cent to 73 per cent, with all the increase in lower income groups. Average waiting time for a doctor's appointment increased from 6.0 to 11.0 days, with the largest increases in the higher income groups. Waiting time in the doctor's office also increased, again with the largest increase in higher income groups. Eight per cent of the population considered the quality of medical care improved whereas 30 per cent thought it worse. For those who saw a doctor in the previous year, however, about 90 per cent were satisfied with the services received — the same proportion as before Medicare. (N Engl J Med ...
Possible Method of Pre-operative Anticipation of Thrombo-embolic Episodes
Authors: J. Dutton
Journal: BMJ (1954)

MEDICAL MEMORANDA MEDICALJOURNALto be greatly increased in depth, and therefore a further three-minute period of hyperventilation through the canister was undertaken.At the end of this the child's respiration was noted to be normal in depth and character.The endo- tracheal tube was therefore removed, and an airway was substituted.No further oxygen administration was required.
Evolution of an Ancient Venom: Recognition of a Novel Family of Cnidarian Toxins and the Common Evolutionary Origin of Sodium and Potassium Neurotoxins in Sea Anemone
Authors: Mahdokht Jouiaei, Kartik Sunagar, Aya Federman Gross, Holger Scheib, Paul F. Alewood, Yehu Moran, Bryan G. Fry
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2015)

Despite Cnidaria (sea anemones, corals, jellyfish, and hydroids) being the oldest venomous animal lineage, structure–function relationships, phyletic distributions, and the molecular evolutionary regimes of toxins encoded by these intriguing animals are poorly understood. Hence, we have comprehensively elucidated the phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary histories of pharmacologically characterized cnidarian toxin families, including peptide neurotoxins (voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channel-targeting toxins: NaTxs and KTxs, respectively), pore-forming toxins (actinoporins, aerolysin-related toxins, and jellyfish toxins), and the newly discovered small cysteine-rich peptides (SCRiPs). We show that despite long evolutionary histories, most cnidarian toxins remain conserved under the strong influence of negative selection—a finding that is in striking contrast to the rapid evolution of toxin families in evolutionarily younger lineages, such as cone snails and advanced snakes. In contrast to the previous suggestions that implicated SCRiPs in the biomineralization process in corals, we demonstrate that they are potent neurotoxins that are likely involved in the envenoming function, and thus represent the first family of neurotoxins from corals. We also demonstrate the common evolutionary origin of type III KTxs and NaTxs in sea anemones. We show that type III KTxs have evolved from NaTxs under the regime of positive selection, and likely represent a unique evolutionary innovation of the Actinioidea lineage. We report a correlation between the accumulation of episodically adaptive sites and the emergence of novel pharmacological activities in this rapidly evolving neurotoxic clade.
Waiting Wives: Women Under Stress
Authors: DOUGLAS R. BEY, JEAN LANGE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1974)

This paper describes the normal reactions of 4O wives of noncareer Army men to the abnormal stress of their husbands' assignments to Viet Nam. The authors point out that little is known about this high-risk group and that little has been done to reduce the stress that family members experience when a husband is ordered to combat. They suggest that studies of this group be undertaken and that special programs be developed for their benefit.
Abstract A31: Prognostic microRNA biomarkers for recurrence of stage II colorectal cancer
Authors: Tiffany Sanford, Alex T. Adai, Martina Doleshal, Laura Langfield, Bhavna Choudhury, Paul LeBourgeois, Todd Pappas, Elizabeth Mambo
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Reliable prediction of recurrence in stage II colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is a major unresolved clinical need as recurrence is often the ultimate cause of death in these individuals. Several mRNA and DNA prognostic markers have been evaluated and, to date, none have been recommended by oncology groups due to poor specificity and sensitivity. MicroRNA (miRNA) have been shown to regulate fundamental cellular processes and have been implicated in several cancer types, including CRC. We used a microarray platform to examine the expression of more than 600 miRNAs in tumors from stage II patients with or without recurrence. Using an exploratory sample set of 12 tumors (6 nonrecurrent and 6 recurrent), we identified several miRNAs that were significantly deregulated in tumors from recurrent patients compared to non-recurrent patients. We used RT-qPCR to interrogate the differentially expressed miRNAs on the original 12 samples plus an additional set of 39 stage II CRC tumors that were not used in the initial miRNA discovery process. Using cross-validation, we derived a miRNA-based classifier that was strongly associated with recurrence (hazard ratio (HR), 3.83; p=0.005). We further evaluated associations of MSI status and mutations in KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA genes with recurrence (n=39). Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that only the miRNA classifier was significantly associated with recurrence (HR 3.08; p=0.03). Interestingly, the combination of the miRNA classifier and mutant KRAS status was highly predictive of recurrence (p&amp;lt;0.0001). These data provide strong support for miRNAs as prognostic biomarkers for stage II CRC and warrant further validation. Citation Information: Clin Cancer Res 2010;16(14 Suppl):A31.
Alarm symptoms in early diagnosis of cancer in primary care: cohort study using General Practice Research Database
Authors: Roger Jones, Radoslav Latinovic, Judith Charlton, Martin C Gulliford
Journal: BMJ (2007)

<b>Objective</b> To evaluate the association between alarm symptoms and the subsequent diagnosis of cancer in a large population based study in primary care. <b>Design</b> Cohort study. <b>Setting</b> UK General Practice Research Database. <b>Patients</b> 762 325 patients aged 15 years and older, registered with 128 general practices between 1994 and 2000. First occurrences of haematuria, haemoptysis, dysphagia, and rectal bleeding were identified in patients with no previous cancer diagnosis.. <b>Main outcome measure</b> Positive predictive value of first occurrence of haematuria, haemoptysis, dysphagia, or rectal bleeding for diagnoses of neoplasms of the urinary tract, respiratory tract, oesophagus, or colon and rectum during three years after symptom onset. Likelihood ratio and sensitivity were also estimated. <b>Results</b> 11 108 first occurrences of haematuria were associated with 472 new diagnoses of urinary tract cancers in men and 162 in women, giving overall three year positive predictive values of 7.4% (95% confidence interval 6.8% to 8.1%) in men and 3.4% (2.9% to 4.0%) in women. After 4812 new episodes of haemoptysis, 220 diagnoses of respiratory tract cancer were made in men (positive predictive value 7.5%, 6.6% to 8.5%) and 81 in women (4.3%, 3.4% to 5.3%). After 5999 new diagnoses of dysphagia, 150 diagnoses of oesophageal cancer were made in men (positive predictive value 5.7%, 4.9% to 6.7%) and 81 in women (2.4%, 1.9 to 3.0%). After 15 289 episodes of rectal bleeding, 184 diagnoses of colorectal cancer were made in men (positive predictive value 2.4%, 2.1% to 2.8%) and 154 in women (2.0%, 1.7% to 2.3%). Predictive values increased with age and were strikingly high, for example, in men with haemoptysis aged 75-84 (17.1%, 13.5% to 21.1%) and in men with dysphagia aged 65-74 (9.0%, 6.8% to 11.7%). <b>Conclusion</b> New onset of alarm symptoms is associated with an increased likelihood of a diagnosis of cancer, especially in men and in people aged over 65. These data provide support for the early evaluation of alarm symptoms in an attempt to identify underlying cancers at an earlier and more amenable stage.