tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Brown and Williamson Documents
Authors: Tim Graham
Journal: JAMA (1995)

BROWN AND WILLIAMSON Tobacco Corporation (B&amp;W) sees itself as the victim in this story, which began more than 3 years ago in the inner sanctum of its law firm in Louisville, Ky. The company's version, presented in court filings and other official statements, ignores the substance of the supposedly confidential company documents that have formed the basis for dozens of news media reports since May 1994. B&amp;W contends that the documents were stolen by former paralegal Merrell Williams before his dismissal from the company's law firm. B&amp;W alleges that the documents are now being used by unscrupulous plaintiffs' attorneys hoping to gain an unfair advantage over the tobacco industry in products liability lawsuits. B&amp;W alleges that the lawyers have purchased Williams a $100 000 house on Mississippi's Gulf Coast, two cars, and a boat in exchange for his cooperation. And B&amp;W is waging an aggressive legal campaign to prevent the
NICE recommends photodynamic therapy for certain patients with macular degeneration
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) has recommended that certain patients with age related macular degeneration should have photodynamic therapy and that other patients should be given the treatment as part of a national study to provide more evidence on outcomes in clinical practice.

NICE has recommended that all patients with one type of “wet” age related macular degeneration–with a confirmed diagnosis of classic …
The "exclamation mark" school of patient safety
Authors: Oliver Ellis
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Patient safety advocates talk a lot about “human factors.” In the context of healthcare, this nebulous concept seems to boil down to the study of how and why people screw up. It’s a movement that’s gaining in popularity, and not before time, because—unfortunately—medicine still hasn’t properly got to grips with how humans actually work.

Look at your average ward noticeboard for a good example. Chances are that it’s covered in hundreds of pieces of paper in varying stages of yellow decay. Many of the messages will no longer …
Characterization of dermal type I collagen of C3H mouse at different stages of the hair cycle
Authors: None Yamamoto, None Yamauchi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Hair follicles develop or regress in accordance with the hair cycle. In this study, we partially characterized fibrillar type I collagen, the predominant component in the dermis, at two stages of the hair cycle: anagen and telogen. Skin samples were obtained from the backs of two groups of 11-week-old C3H mice: one at anagen stage induced by shaving and the other at telogen stage. The amount of neutral salt-soluble (newly synthesized) collagen obtained from anagen skin was about twofold that from telogen skin, while the level of acid-soluble collagen was not significantly different between the two groups. The degree of lysine hydroxylation of pepsinized type I collagen obtained from anagen skin was significantly higher than that in telogen (5.0% higher in α1 chain, and 15.6% higher in α2 chain). Proline hydroxylation at the anagen stage was also slightly higher than in the telogen stage. Two major collagen cross-links were found in both groups of skin; dehydro-hydroxylysinonorleucine and dehydro-histidinohydroxymerodesmosine. The concentration of the latter, a complex tetravalent cross-link, was significantly lower in anagen skin when compared with telogen skin (mean ± SD 0.64 ± 0.07 vs. 0.78 ± 0.06 mol/mol collagen). The former showed no significant difference between the two groups. In addition, a significant amount of lysyl-aldehyde (a cross-link precursor) was found in anagen (0.16 ± 0.02 mol/mol collagen), while it was 0.12 mol/mol collagen in telogen. These results indicate that the remodelling of collagen is more active in anagen skin than in telogen, and that characteristic post-translational modifications of dermal collagen seen in anagen may play a part in facilitating an environment around hair follicles for their migration and growth.
Failure to detect intra-abdominal metastases from breast cancer: a case for staging laparotomy
Authors: J M. Thomas, W H Redding, R C Coombes, J P Sloane, H T Ford, J-C Gazet, T J Powles
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Two studies were performed to assess the accuracy of non-invasive methods in detecting intra-abdominal metastases from breast cancer. Firstly, the sites of spread detected at the time of first presentation with metastases were compared with the sites of spread shown at necropsy in the same patients. Although about two-thirds of the patients with bone and lung metastases at necropsy had had metastases detected at these sites when they first presented with metastases, only a third of the patients with liver metastases and none of those with other intra-abdominal metastases had had evidence of disease at first presentation with metastases. The second study confirmed a poor detection rate of liver and other intra-abdominal metastases in patients with breast cancer undergoing laparotomy and oophorectomy who were staged immediately before operation. Pre-mastectomy staging laparotomy should be considered in those patients with primary breast cancer who are most likely to have disseminated disease beyond the regional nodes. In the presence of occult gross metastases detected by staging laparotomy, mastectomy will not provide additional protection against loca recurrence of disease. Patients with occult gross metastases should also be excluded from studies on adjuvant chemotherapy (designed to treat micrometastases). Aggressive methods of staging are justified to protect the patient as far as possible against unnecessary mastectomy and to identify those patients who should be treated by therapeutic chemotherapy rather than adjuvant chemotherapy.
Researching the outcomes of educational interventions: a matter of design
Authors: D. Prideaux
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Learning in practice p 153

Problem based learning, an educational intervention characterised by small group and self directed learning, is one of medical education's more recent success stories, at least in terms of its ubiquity. From its beginnings in McMaster University in the 1960s it has been adopted in undergraduate medical courses worldwide. It is also being used in postgraduate and continuing medical education.

Problem based learning has been the subject of at least four much quoted reviews, three published in the early 1990s and one more recently.1–4 Such attention is not surprising. What might be surprising is that the effects of such a popular educational approach are seemingly small, except in the area of student satisfaction. According to the reviews the extent of knowledge gained by such measures as performance in licensing examinations is at best unclear. Participants in problem based learning, however, can expect small gains in clinical reasoning.

The paper by Smits and colleagues in this …
P254 Predicting who needs a humidifier with CPAP
Authors: L Thirugnanasothy, J Littlemore, J Oliver, P Close, SD West
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Some patients using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for the treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) require the addition of a heated humidifier to their CPAP machine. This is used to combat symptoms of dry nose and mouth and blocked nose which may limit CPAP adherence. We sought to establish whether there are any patient predictors for whether a humidifier will subsequently be needed. This might allow provision of more economical integrated CPAP/humidifiers. <h3>Methods</h3> All patients commencing CPAP over a one year period completed a questionnaire with a member of the Sleep team at the time of CPAP set-up. The questionnaire asked about symptoms prior to CPAP including blocked, dry or runny nose and dry mouth on waking. Details of sleep study parameters such as ODI and AHI were obtained from hospital notes, along with anthropometric measures of body mass index (BMI) and neck size. The questionnaire also enquired about previous medical history (including ENT surgery), medications, smoking history and bedroom environment. Patients were given humidifiers according to usual practice as required after CPAP commencement, according to symptoms. The CPAP database was reviewed at the time of analysis to determine which patients had received humidifiers. <h3>Results</h3> Questionnaires were completed by 185 people commencing CPAP from January 2012. The mean (SD) age of this group was 53 years (11.7), BMI 36.6 kg/m<sup>2</sup>(7.1), neck size 43.9cm (4.4), ODI 29.3 (23). The proportions of different severities of OSA were 19% mild, 34% moderate and 47% severe. The frequencies of symptoms prior to CPAP were 87% dry mouth, 54% blocked nose, 40% dry nose and 22% runny nose. In this cohort, 43% of people were given a humidifier. There were no statistically significant correlations of any of the variables with humidifier outcome. Chi squared analysis showed no significant difference in the proportion of those people with humidifier versus those without for any of the questionnaire categories. <h3>Conclusion</h3> It does not appear to be possible to prospectively predict which patients will require a humidifier with their CPAP. Current practice of symptom-led humidification appears valid.
THE "LAST STRAW": THE DECISIVE INCIDENT RESULTING IN THE REQUEST FOR HOSPITALIZATION IN 100 SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS
Authors: KATHLEEN SMITH, MURIEL W. PUMPHBEY, JULIAN C. HALL
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1963)

The decisive incident that forced a decision that a particular individual could no longer remain in the community and must be admitted to a mental hospital was studied from the point of view of the person making this decision. Descriptive data on 100 schizophrenic patients were analyzed to determine whether prompt medical and social work collaboration at the point of admission might prevent hospitalization. Fifty-three patients actually committed or threatened to commit a dangerous act. Thirty-eight patients exhibited behavior that was socially unacceptable. Nine patients were perceived as needing treatment for illness. Only 4 patients requested hospitalization. Demographic and social characteristics were not statistiscally significant in relation to the type of "last straw." As the number of hospitalizations mounted, the crucial event tended to progress from a mild behavioral change to threatening behavior, to actual assault. The final events were "family and community specific"and depended on particular standards and sensitivities. Since many "last straws" are extreme and the family and the community have reached their limit of tolerance, the number of hospital admissions can be reduced only by extending care to the patient before his removal from the community is the only alternative.
Abstract 4175: Reactive oxygen species-dependent ERK and JNK activation is important to docasahexaenoic acid-induced cell cytotoxicity in human ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Soyeon Jeong, Kaipeng Jing, Soyeon Shin, Nayeong Kim, Hye-Rim Oh, Eun-Ah Cho, Jun-Young Heo, Ji-Hoon Park, Kang-Sik Seo, Jeongsu Han, Jong-Il Park, Seung-kiel Park, Ki-Ryang Kweon, Wan-Hee Yoon, Byung-Doo Hwang, Kyu Lim
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Although abundant experimental evidences show that the Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥3-PUFAs) prevent carcinogenesis, the exact molecular mechanisms of the anti-cancer actions of α3-PUFAs in ovarian cancer remain incompletely understood. In the present study, the effectiveness of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a α3-PUFA, against ovarian cancer cells was investigated. We found that DHA induced cell cytotoxicity in three ovarian cancer cells including PA-1, MDAH2774 and ID8. DHA treatment inhibited the cell proliferation of PA-1 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Meanwhile, DHA-treated ovarian cancer cells showed increased levels of caspase-3 activity, Annexin-V staining positive cells, TUNEL-positive cells and the portion of sub-G1 cells, suggesting that DHA-induced cell death is mainly associated with apoptosis. Western blot and immunocytochemistry assays revealed that DHA also remarkably increased the levels of phospho-ERK and phospho-JNK in both cytosol and nucleus. Moreover, knockdown ERK and JNK by small interfering RNAs partially attenuated the apoptosis induced by DHA, indicating that ERK and JNK activation is responsible for the apoptosis in DHA-treated ovarian cancer cells. In addition, we determined that the activation of ERK and JNK was associated with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by DHA. ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), almost completely blocked the ERK and JNK phosphorylation as well as the apoptosis triggered by DHA. Together, these results indicate that DHA induces ROS and the ROS-dependent ERK and JNK activation is important to DHA-induced cell cytotoxicity in human ovarian cancer cells. [This research was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2011-0006232 and 2011-0003060)]. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4175. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4175
Identification of Partial Complementary DNA Clones Encoding a 59-kd Protein With Characteristics of a Unique Oncofetal Antigen
Authors: Haroon-Ur Rashid, Adel L. Barsoum, Tin M. Cao, Joseph H. Coggin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Journal Article Identification of Partial Complementary DNA Clones Encoding a 59-kd Protein With Characteristics of a Unique Oncofetal Antigen Get access Haroon-Ur Rashid, Haroon-Ur Rashid Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Adel L. Barsoum, Adel L. Barsoum Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Tin M. Cao, Tin M. Cao Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Joseph H. Coggin Joseph H. Coggin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 86, Issue 7, 6 April 1994, Pages 515–526, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/86.7.515 Published: 06 April 1994 Article history Received: 13 August 1993 Revision received: 03 January 1994 Accepted: 24 January 1994 Published: 06 April 1994
Two Faces of Vitamin E in the Lung
Authors: James G. Wagner, Jack R. Harkema, Qing Jiang, Michelle Hernandez, David B. Peden
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)

The hypothesis for tocopherol isoform-dependent effects on asthma prevalence by Cook-Mills and colleagues (1) is derived in part from their important animal work, but also their interpretation of our own work with g-tocopherol (gT) in experimental asthma.Although we have recently demonstrated that gT-enriched supplements can reduce endotoxin-induced neutrophil responses in human lung (2), we think the authors misinterpret our results in experimental asthma models when they conclude that gT was effective against neutrophilic, but not eosinophilic, inflammation.Both our results with antigen-induced asthma and rhinitis in rats (3) and ozone-induced exacerbation of allergic rhinitis (4) demonstrate 70-100% reduction in tissue or lavage eosinophils.We saw no effect of gT on any attendant neutrophil airway inflammation.Our results were also striking for the complete abolition by gT of mucous cell metaplasia in nasal and pulmonary airways, which is a key feature of clinical rhinitis and asthma.Therefore, our results with the allergic brown Norway rats are opposed to the enhanced allergic responses associated with gT, as described in vitro and in BALB/c mice (5, 6).The use of different rodent species (brown Norway rat vs. BALB/c mouse) may contribute to the disparate observations in these animal models.Furthermore, we provided gT by oral delivery rather than by the subcutaneous route in mice, which would bypass liver metabolism.This is an important distinction considering that the antiinflammatory metabolites of gT are known to be more potent than those of its precursor in inhibiting COX-2-and 5-LOXmediated eicosanoids (7,8).Epidemiologic data suggesting positive correlations between plasma gT levels and diseases including lung disease are intriguing.However, there are many interpretations that can be made from these associations.One is, as the authors suggest, that gT promotes lung and inflammatory disease.A second is that these diseases result in an increase of gT as a response to ongoing disease.A third is that gT may be a co-nutrient with other agents that promote disease.Indeed, many plant oils that are commonly used in the United States but not Europe (such as corn oil and soybean oil) not only contain high levels gT but are also high in polyunsaturated fatty acids and n-6 fatty acids, which are known to contribute oxidative stress and promote inflammation.Thus, the apparent effect of gT may be a result of the polyunsaturated fatty acids and n-6 fatty acids contained in these oils.Interestingly, safflower and olive oils, which contain relatively
Fluorine-18 DOPA PET Imaging of Paraganglioma Syndrome
Authors: Ingo Brink, Oliver Schaefer, Martin Walz, Hartmut P. H. Neumann
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

A 12-year-old boy was admitted after recently having had a resection performed of an extraadrenal retroperitoneal paraganglioma and left adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma. Despite these procedures, the blood pressure and urinary noradrenalin were elevated. Screening with fluorine-18 DOPA PET demonstrated increased tracer uptake in the right adrenal gland, in a second abdominal lesion, which was prevertebral, and 2 cervical hot spots near the carotid bifurcation, one on each side of the neck. The patient carries a mutation of the gene Succinate dehydrogenasis subunits D (SDHD) and is thus classified with the paraganglioma syndrome type 1.
A Visit to a Renovated Clinic
Authors: None Nicky
Journal: JAMA (1982)

She came out of the taxi, cold, feeble, wobbly on her feet, afraid. They had just renovated the outpatient pavilion and she felt lost. Coming through the front doors she met a circular wall; puzzled, she turned to the right, where the three information windows stared at her, empty. The corridor, however, shocked her sense of propriety. Young men and women, some with their feet on the chairs, some perched on the window sills, were eating hot dogs. Wheelchair-bound patients lined the wall, and everybody seemed engrossed in their little world, eating, smoking, talking in loud voices. She proceeded along the corridor until she met two security guards, hands on their guns; she passed them without a second glance. Through blurry eyes, she could see the shadows of hundreds of chairs facing the pharmacy windows. Not a vacant seat! She heard numbers being called. The loud voices seemed to exacerbate
Subacute Thyroiditis Treated with Salicylate
Authors: Tatsuo Torikai, Soichi Kumaoka
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

THE usual treatment of subacute thyroiditis in recent years has entailed the administration of either cortisone or ACTH.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Recently, however, Danopoulos and Mellissinos17 reported 2 cases of this disease that were dramatically relieved by sodium salicylate. We started using salicylic acid in Japan shortly before this report became available and soon recognized the marked effect of this drug on subacute thyroiditis. Since then we have treated 5 cases successfully. These are reported in this paper.Case ReportsCase 1. A 48-year-old widow admitted to the hospital and first seen on May 11, 1954, had had a sore throat radiating to . . .
New Drugs' Dosages Often Too High
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Treatment of agnogenic myeloid metaplasia with danazol: A report of four cases
Authors: V. Lévy, A. Bourgarit, A. Delmer, O. Legrand, M. Baudard, B. Rio, R. Zittoun
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

Peripheral cytopenias are common in patients with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM). They are an important cause of morbidity and mortality, and their treatment is difficult. We report on 4 patients with AMM and severe cytopenia treated with danazol (400–600 mg/day). Three of them became independent of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, while the other had a slight reduction in RBC requirement. In addition, correction of thrombocytopenia and disappearance of splenomegaly were observed in 1 and 2 patients, respectively. No side effects were observed. In our experience, danazol appears effective and safe in the subset of patients with AMM whose disease is mainly characterized by bone-marrow failure. These data warrant further studies to evaluate this treatment and explore its mechanism of action. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Ecstasy is low in league table of major causes of deaths
Authors: C. McKenna
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Examining three RXR agonists [Targretin (TRG), UAB30, and 4-methyl-UAB30 (4-Me-UAB30)], all inhibited mammary cancer in rodents and two (TRG and 4-Me-UAB30) strikingly increased serum triglycerides levels. Agents were administered in diets to female Sprague-Dawley rats. Liver RNA was isolated and microarrayed on the Affymetrix GeneChip Rat Exon 1.0 ST array. Statistical tests identified genes that exhibited differential expression and fell into groups, or modules, with differential expression among agonists. Genes in specific modules were changed by one two or all three agonists. An interactome analysis assessed the effects on genes which heterodimerize with known nuclear receptors. For PPARα/RXR activated genes, the strongest response was TRG &gt; 4-Me-UAB30&gt;UAB30. Many LXR/RXR related genes (e.g., SCD-1 and SREBP-1c which are associated with increased triglycerides) were highly expressed in TRG and 4-Me-UAB30 but not UAB30 treated livers. There was minimal expression changes associated with RAR or VDR heterodimers by any of the agonists. UAB30 unexpectedly and uniquely activated genes associated with the Ah receptor (Cyp1a1, Cyp1a2, Cyp1b1 and NQO1). Based on the Ah receptor activation, UAB30 was tested for its ability to prevent DMBA-induced mammary cancers, presumably by inhibiting DMBA activation, and was highly effective. Gene expression changes were determined by RT-PCR in rat livers treated with Targretin for 2.3, 7 and 21 days. These showed similar gene expression changes at all three time points; arguing some steady state effect. Different patterns of gene expression among the agonists provided insight into molecular differences, and allowed one to predict certain physiologic consequences of agonist treatment