tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fluorouracil and Recombinant Human Interferon Alfa-2a in the Treatment of Metastatic Chemotherapy-Refractory Urothelial Tumors
Authors: C. J. Logothetis, E. Hossan, A. Sella, F. H. Dexeus,, R. J. Amato
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1991)

Thirty patients with advanced metastatic and chemotherapy-refractory urothelial tumors received a combination of fluorouracil (5-FU) and recombinant human interferon alfa-2a. Thirty-six sites of metastases were present in the 30 study patients, and the median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was 3 (range, 1 to 4). All patients had failed to respond to primary combined methotrexate/cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Nine (30%; confidence interval, 15% to 47%) of the patients achieved a partial response. The mean duration of response was more than 5.2 months (median, 6 months; range, 3 to 8 months). Two patients who achieved a partial response of 5 and 7 months' duration, respectively, had control of residual disease (one with radiation and one with surgical excision) and have remained disease-free for an additional period of more than 7 and 13 months, respectively. These data suggest that the combination of 5-FU and recombinant human interferon alfa-2a is synergistic, with clinical significance for the treatment of urothelial tumors. The response rate for this combination of drugs is higher than that anticipated for either of these agents used alone. Additional confirmatory trials are needed to evaluate the significance of these findings. [J Natl Cancer Inst 83: 285–288, 1991]
THE CARE OF THE INSANE IN PRIVATE PRACTICE.
Authors: HENRY W. COE
Journal: JAMA (1897)

One needs but to examine the literature and to see who writes upon the topic, to ascertain beyond question that the subject of insanity receives but little attention from the general practitioner. After looking over the reports of the last five sessions of the Oregon State Medical Society, and calling to mind the work of the Portland Medical Society during the same period, it seems safe to say that not a paper upon this subject has been presented by a physician of this State at any of these meetings during such time. Papers upon almost all medical topics have been presented before these societies by physicians of this State, but the great field of psychiatry has been during this period ignored. The history of medicine in Oregon in this particular is, to a great extent, the history of medicine everywhere, and it teaches us that the general practitioner is leaving
The Four-Herb Chinese Medicine PHY906 Reduces Chemotherapy-Induced Gastrointestinal Toxicity
Authors: Wing Lam, Scott Bussom, Fulan Guan, Zaoli Jiang, Wei Zhang, Elizabeth A. Gullen, Shwu-Huey Liu, Yung-Chi Cheng
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2010)

A traditional Chinese medicine reduces the intestinal toxicity of chemotherapy by inhibiting inflammation and promoting cell proliferation.
Does Vasectomy Cause Prostate Cancer?
Authors: Bernadine Healy
Journal: JAMA (1993)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
New European clinical trials directive
Authors: Francis P Crawley
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Screening without evidence of efficacy Thyroid ultrasonography is another exampleEditor-I agree with Law's view of screening, that screening of unproved value should not be advocated. 1 As a clinical endocrinologist I often have to deal with patients' anxieties about non-palpable incidental findings on thyroid ultrasonography, often performed for wrong or unjustified reasons.Sometimes patients arrive with already established surgical complications after unnecessary thyroid operations.Although a substantial number of incidental thyroid nodules may be histologically malignant, 2 their clinical importance has never been proved.A recent preliminary study indicates that the progression rate of non-palpable proved thyroid malignant nodules to clinically significant lesions may be very low. 3 Thyroid ultrasonography is an additional example of an often used, often non-efficacious screening modality that may lead to "cascade iatrogenesis." 4
Management of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Mickey S. Eisenberg, Michael K. Copass, Alfred Hallstrom, Leonard A. Cobb, Lawrence Bergner
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest treated by emergency medical technicians (EMTs) with basic life support was studied in four communities with a combined population of 380,000. During a two-year period, 18 (6%) of 321 patients with cardiac arrest were resuscitated and ultimately discharged from the hospital. This figure is compared with 55 (22%) of 253 discharged in adjacent suburban communities with paramedic services. The evident factor accounting for the difference in survival rates was the time from collapse to receiving definitive care (advanced cardiac life support)—26 minutes in the EMT area compared to 7.8 minutes in the paramedic area. (<i>JAMA</i>243:1049-1051, 1980)
Comparing strategies to fine-map the association of common SNPs at chromosome 9p21 with type 2 diabetes and myocardial infarction
Authors: Jessica Shea, Vineeta Agarwala, Anthony A Philippakis, Jared Maguire, Eric Banks, Mark DePristo, Brian Thomson, Candace Guiducci, Robert C Onofrio, Sekar Kathiresan, Stacey Gabriel, Noël P Burtt, Mark J Daly, Leif Groop, David Altshuler
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
The Royal College of Physicians of London: Portraits
Authors: John H. Talbott
Journal: JAMA (1964)

The Ciba Foundation for the Promotion of International Co-operation in Medical and Chemical Research, has been responsible since the war for gathering together noted scientists and preparing highly regarded and widely distributed monographs. Its latest effort, publication of portraits found in the Royal College of Physicians of London, with short biographical essays, was planned to coincide with the removal of the College's quarters from Pall Mall East to a new building, architecturally modern, in Regent's Park. The Royal College of Physicians was established in 1518 by a charter granted by Henry VIII, who gave it the authority to license and discipline practitioners of medicine. Before the century was over, the College invited Fellows, and in some instances outsiders, to present their portraits or coats-of-arms to the College upon payment of £ 10. The bait was taken by but few Fellows, and of those portraits presented only two were salvaged from
Peripheral calcium-permeable AMPA receptors regulate chronic inflammatory pain in mice
Authors: Vijayan Gangadharan, Rui Wang, Bettina Ulzhöfer, Ceng Luo, Rita Bardoni, Kiran Kumar Bali, Nitin Agarwal, Irmgard Tegeder, Ullrich Hildebrandt, Gergely G. Nagy, Andrew J. Todd, Alessia Ghirri, Annette Häussler, Rolf Sprengel, Peter H. Seeburg, Amy B. MacDermott, Gary R. Lewin, Rohini Kuner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid-type (AMPA-type) glutamate receptors (AMPARs) play an important role in plasticity at central synapses. Although there is anatomical evidence for AMPAR expression in the peripheral nervous system, the functional role of such receptors in vivo is not clear. To address this issue, we generated mice specifically lacking either of the key AMPAR subunits, GluA1 or GluA2, in peripheral, pain-sensing neurons (nociceptors), while preserving expression of these subunits in the central nervous system. Nociceptor-specific deletion of GluA1 led to disruption of calcium permeability and reduced capsaicin-evoked activation of nociceptors. Deletion of GluA1, but not GluA2, led to reduced mechanical hypersensitivity and sensitization in models of chronic inflammatory pain and arthritis. Further analysis revealed that GluA1-containing AMPARs regulated the responses of nociceptors to painful stimuli in inflamed tissues and controlled the excitatory drive from the periphery into the spinal cord. Consequently, peripherally applied AMPAR antagonists alleviated inflammatory pain by specifically blocking calcium-permeable AMPARs, without affecting physiological pain or eliciting central side effects. These findings indicate an important pathophysiological role for calcium-permeable AMPARs in nociceptors and may have therapeutic implications for the treatment chronic inflammatory pain states.
Mechanism of Benefit of Negative Inotropes in Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Mark V. Sherrid, Gretchen Pearle, David Z. Gunsburg
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Drugs with negative inotropic effect are widely used to decrease obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, the mechanism of therapeutic benefit has not been studied.We used M-mode, two-dimensional, and pulsed Doppler echocardiography to study 11 patients with obstructive HCM before and after medical elimination of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. We measured 148 digitized pulsed Doppler tracings recorded in the left ventricular cavity 2.5 cm apical of the mitral valve. Successful treatment slowed average acceleration of left ventricular ejection by 34% (P=.001). Mean time to peak velocity in the left ventricle was prolonged 31% (P=.001). Mean time to an ejection velocity of 60 cm/s was prolonged 91% (P=.001). Before treatment, left ventricular ejection velocity peaked in the first half of systole; after successful treatment, it peaked in the second half (P=.001). In contrast, after treatment, we found no change in peak left ventricular ejection velocity. We also found no change in the distance between the mitral coaptation point and the septum, as measured in two planes, indicating no treatment-induced alteration of this anatomic relationship.Medical treatment eliminates mitral-septal contact and obstruction by decreasing left ventricular ejection acceleration. By slowing acceleration, treatment reduces the hydrodynamic force on the protruding mitral leaflet and delays mitral-septal contact. This, in turn, results in a lower final pressure gradient.
On the Treatment of Fibroids of the Uterus by Electricity
Authors: W Windham Webb
Journal: BMJ (1887)

this was the first case infected, and had been operated upon two days previously.The source of the outbreak was not known, and it followed no definite course.Cases with 7Younds that got Scarlet Fever.-CASE I. -Tommy E., aged 3 years, admitted June 19th, 1886, for congenital talipes, had not had scarlet fever previously.Various mechanical means having been tried unsuccessfully, on November 11th, under chloroform and spray, Mr. Wright removed a wedge-shaped piece of the tarsal bones from.the outer side of the foot.He had a good night after the operation; temperature next morning 97.6°; it rose in the evening to 100.40, and at noon next day he came out in a scarlet fever rash.Fauces injected.He had not vomited.Transferred to the fever ward.CASE if.-Robert G., aged 3 years, admitted October 15th, 1886, for splint sores, had not had scarlet fever previously.November 13th: vomited ; refused food ; fauces slightly injected ; no rash ; tempe.rature 99.6°; nothing remarkable about wounds.The temperature rose to 100.6°next day, and a scarlet fever rash appeared over fore- arms, chest, and abdomen.Transferred to the fever ward.CASE iIi.-RichardB., aged 6 years, admitted August 31st, 1866, for morbus coxic.Had not had scarlet fever previously.November 1st, hip aspirated under chloroform.On November 14th, vomited - temperature 101°.Fauces injected.Transferred to special ward.No. vember 15th, temperature 102.40; indistinct rash about left thigh; this became more marked next day, and he was subsequently trans- ferred to the fever ward.CASE iv.-Joseph H., aged 3 years 9 months, admitted October 25th, 1886, for otitis.Had not had scarlet fever previously.October 28ih, incision over mastoid and scraped.He left the hospital on November 14th, his last temperature being 97.6.Two days later he had scarlet fever.CASE v. -&nnie H., aged 6 years, admitted October 27th for morbus coxoe.On
Secondary Epstein‐Barr virus associated lymphoproliferative disorder developing in a patient with angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma on vorinostat
Authors: Jacob P. Smeltzer, David S. Viswanatha, Thomas M. Habermann, Mrinal M. Patnaik
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2012)

Ebstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-related lymphoproliferative disorders primarily occur in the setting of immunosuppression, most commonly after solid organ transplantation. The frequency depends on the degree of immunosuppression and the specific organ transplanted, but can be as high as 3–9% in heart or lung transplant patients. Less frequent outside of the transplant setting, EBV-related lymphoproliferative disorders classified as other iatrogenic immunodeficiency associated lymphoproliferative disorders in the WHO Classification, which are different than iatrogenically related lymphomas supervening on hematological malignancies, have been associated with other immunosuppressive therapies such as 6-Mercaptopurine, azathioprine, or alemtuzumab. These disorders have also been reported to develop spontaneously in patients with T cell lymphomas (angioimmunoblastic and peripheral T cell NOS). Here we report the case of a patient with an angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma on therapy with vorinostat who developed an EBV related B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder involving bilateral adrenal glands. Angioimmunoblastic T cell lymphoma is associated with severe immunodeficiency and risk for opportunistic infections. This immune dysregulation has been implicated in its association with EBV related lymphoproliferative disorders. In this patient, vorinostat therapy also appears to be linked to the development of an EBV-related lymphoproliferative disorder.
Children's deaths by poisoning have fallen 82% over 32 years
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The number of children younger than 10 years old dying from poisoning in England and Wales dropped by 82% in the 32 years up to 2000. Improvements in safety in the home, including changes in the packaging of drugs, may be partly responsible.

According to a new report, the number of annual deaths in the under 10s fell from 165 in 1968 to 30 in 2000. The biggest decline was in the youngest children, with the death rate for children under 1 year old almost six times greater in …
Selective suppression of insulin-induced proliferation of cultured human hepatoma cells by somatostatin.
Authors: C K Chou, L T Ho, L P Ting, C P Hu, T S Su, W C Chang, C S Suen, M Y Huang, C M Chang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1987)

The effects of somatostatin (SRIF), insulin, and triiodothyronine (T3) on the growth of human hepatoma cells were investigated on the well-differentiated human hepatoma cell line Hep3B. Results showed that both insulin and T3 can stimulate cell growth of serum starved Hep3B cells at physiological concentrations. SRIF alone showed little growth-promoting activity. When added concurrently with insulin, however, SRIF suppressed the insulin-induced cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, SRIF had no inhibitory effect on T3-induced cell proliferation. SRIF is labile in the medium, with a half-life of about 2 h during culture incubation. SRIF did not disturb the insulin binding to its surface receptors nor inhibit the insulin-dependent receptor kinase activity of Hep3B cells in vitro. These results suggest that postreceptor regulation may be involved. The selective suppression by SRIF of insulin-induced cell growth provides an unique approach to the study of insulin actions on proliferation of human hepatoma cells.
An unexpected role for platelets in blocking Th17 differentiation
Authors: Ronjon Chakraverty
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2014)

It is well known that platelets interact with cells of the innate immune system to promote tissue repair. In contrast, it is less clear whether these links extend to cells of the adaptive immune system, such as T cells. In this issue of the JCI, Morrell and colleagues provide compelling evidence that platelets are required to limit CD4+ Th17 differentiation through the actions of the chemokine platelet factor 4 (PF4). Absence of PF4 in the host leads to exaggerated Th17 differentiation after transplantation and rapid graft rejection. The authors' findings argue that platelets are not bit part players, but rather fully fledged, critical members of the adaptive immune system.
Analysis of Germline GLI1 Variation Implicates Hedgehog Signalling in the Regulation of Intestinal Inflammatory Pathways
Authors: Charlie W Lees, William J Zacharias, Mark Tremelling, Colin L Noble, Elaine R Nimmo, Albert Tenesa, Jennine Cornelius, Leif Torkvist, John Kao, Susan Farrington, Hazel E Drummond, Gwo-Tzer Ho, Ian D. R Arnott, Henry D Appelman, Lauri Diehl, Harry Campbell, Malcolm G Dunlop, Miles Parkes, Sarah E. M Howie, Deborah L Gumucio, Jack Satsangi
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2008)

Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are polygenic chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) of high prevalence that are associated with considerable morbidity. The hedgehog (HH) signalling pathway, which includes the transcription factor glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1), plays vital roles in gastrointestinal tract development, homeostasis, and malignancy. We identified a germline variation in GLI1 (within the IBD2 linkage region, 12q13) in patients with IBD. Since this IBD-associated variant encodes a GLI1 protein with reduced function and our expression studies demonstrated down-regulation of the HH response in IBD, we tested whether mice with reduced Gli1 activity demonstrate increased susceptibility to chemically induced colitis.
CHROMOSOME 9P21 LOCUS IS ASSOCIATED WITH VASCULAR STIFFNESS AND CDKN2A EXPRESSION IN HUMAN ARTERIES FROM PATIENTS UNDERGOING CORONARY ARTERY SURGERY
Authors: Charalambos A. Antoniades, Tim Van-Assche, Colin Cunnington, Dimitris Tousoulis, Cheerag Shirodaria, Christodoulos Stefanadis, Aroon Hingorani, John Deanfield, Keith M. Channon, Stefan Neubauer, Hugh Watkins, Paul Leeson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Shedding Light on the Long Shadow of Childhood Adversity
Authors: David A. Brent, Michael Silverstein
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Crystal structure and collagen-binding site of immune inhibitory receptor LAIR-1: unexpected implications for collagen binding by platelet receptor GPVI
Authors: T. Harma C. Brondijk, Talitha de Ruiter, Joost Ballering, Hans Wienk, Robert Jan Lebbink, Hugo van Ingen, Rolf Boelens, Richard W. Farndale, Linde Meyaard, Eric G. Huizinga
Journal: Blood (2009)
Regulatory mechanisms of galectin‐9 and eotaxin‐3 synthesis in epidermal keratinocytes: possible involvement of galectin‐9 in dermal eosinophilia of Th1‐polarized skin inflammation
Authors: K. Igawa, T. Satoh, M. Hirashima, H. Yokozeki
Journal: Allergy (2006)

Background: Skin eosinophilia is a common feature of allergic skin diseases, but it is unclear how epidermal and dermal eosinophil infiltration is controlled. To investigate regulation of localization of eosinophils in skin, we examined the regulatory mechanisms of expression of eosinophil‐specific chemoattractants in dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes. Methods: We analyzed production of eotaxin, eotaxin‐2, eotaxin‐3 and galectin‐9 by dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes in response to several stimuli in vitro . Results: Dermal fibroblasts produced eotaxin and eotaxin‐3 in response to stimulation by interleukin (IL)‐4 and/or tumor necrosis factor‐ α . Similarly, IL‐4 stimulated epidermal keratinocytes to secrete eotaxin‐3. However, we did not detect eotaxin mRNA expression or protein secretion by keratinocytes stimulated in vitro . Interferon (IFN)‐ γ induced galectin‐9 expression on dermal fibroblasts. Conversely, expression of galectin‐9 on epidermal keratinocytes was dose‐dependently inhibited by IFN‐ γ . The immunohistochemical assays revealed that dermal fibroblasts (but not epidermal keratinocytes) in the lesional skin of psoriasis vulgaris (a Th1‐polarized disease) express significant levels of galectin‐9. Conclusion: Eotaxin‐3 contributes to dermal and epidermal eosinophil infiltration in Th2‐polarized skin inflammation in which IL‐4 is produced. In contrast, IFN‐ γ ‐dominated inflammation appears to mediate eosinophil extravasation into the dermis and eosinophil adhesion to dermal fibroblasts via galectin‐9 in association with decreased chemoattractant activity of epidermal galectin‐9. The present results reveal a novel mechanism of dermal eosinophilia in IFN‐ γ ‐mediated skin inflammation, and reflect concerted chemoattractant production involving dermal and/or epidermal eosinophilia during changes in the local cytokine profile.
Narrowband ultraviolet B and medium-dose ultraviolet A1 are equally effective in the treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis
Authors: I.M. Leonie Majoie, J. Marja Oldhoff, Huib van Weelden, Marloes Laaper-Ertmann, Mente T. Bousema, Vigfus Sigurdsson, Edward F. Knol, Carla A.F. Bruijnzeel-Koomen, Marjolein S. de Bruin-Weller
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2008)