tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exacerbation of murine listeriosis by a monoclonal antibody specific for the type 3 complement receptor of myelomonocytic cells. Absence of monocytes at infective foci allows Listeria to multiply in nonphagocytic cells.
Authors: H Rosen, S Gordon, R J North
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

Treatment of mice with a rat mAb (5C6) specific for an epitope of the type 3 complement receptor of myelomonocytic cells severely interfered with the ability of the mice to resist infection with Listeria monocytogenes. Consequently, a sublethal infection was rapidly converted to a lethal one that resulted in death in 5 d. However, infection was only exacerbated if 5C6 was given earlier in infection, before mononuclear phagocytes populated sites of Listeria implantation in the liver and spleen. If given after day 3 of infection, 5C6 caused only a temporary increase in bacterial multiplication. The infection-enhancing effect of 5C6 was associated with failure of mice to focus mononuclear phagocytes at sites of bacterial multiplication of Listeria in liver hepatocytes and extracellulary in the spleen. This resulted in unrestricted multiplication of Listeria in hepatocytes and extracellularly in the spleen. The results are in keeping with the ability of 5C6 to inhibit the accumulation of myelomonocytic cells in peritoneal inflammatory exudates, as revealed by a previous study.
For the Peace of Your Mind
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1980)

We hasten to assure our readers that A PIECE OF MY MIND (see p 1846) is not intended as a sounding board for peevish gripes, nit-picking beefs, or sundry assortments of righteous indignation, which are usually prefaced by an angry let me give you a piece of my mind. Nor is this section ofThe Journalmeant to be a podium for pompous preachments and ex cathedra pronouncements. Nor again is it designed to be a forum for half-baked speculations and warmed-over hypotheses. Least of all is A PIECE OF MY MIND envisaged as a jamboree of jokes and a shivaree of limericks.  What we have in mind for the newly inaugurated feature is not a formal court of opinion but an informal courtyard of creativity, in which physicians display vignettes of their nonscientific and not strictly clinical observations, experiences, reflections, arid fantasies tinged with philosophy or humor.  The appearance
Recognising whooping cough.
Authors: H Marcovitch
Journal: BMJ (1986)

febrile andl possibly viral illness, suggestingat narcolepsy may be "caught."Furthermore, recovery from typical nar- colepsy does occur, though it is rare.Secondly, narcolepsy is sometimes associated with (though probably not caused by) multiple sclerosis, and it has also been reported'with other imnmune associated disorders.Thirdly, a quarter of al- narcoleptics have minor abnormalities in the cerebrospinaP fluid including lyphocytosis, an increase in the protein content, and, in one case, oligoclonal bands.This evidence justifies a search for immune factors in narcolepsy; but, as with type I diabetes, a long search may be needed and patients will probably need to be-studied soon after the o'nset of Symptoms. 12 13 Trials of inmunosuppression in humannarcole-parg not justified, though the results of'this treatment in narcoleptic dogs will be awaited wvith great interest_.'4We.have done one plasma exchange of 6 litres in a patient with narcolepsy and severe cataplexy resistant to -clomipramine, but it had no effect on sleep latency, -daytime drowsiness, or cataplexy.-Treatment relies on amphetamine-like drugs for narcolepsy and clomipraminelfor cataplexy, but the response is variable axd sid eects ae frequent.*There is -an nexptd genetic as well as clinical associa- tion between, narcolepsy and multipe -sderosis (A So, J Trosdale-K Welsh, personal communication).Beten 4OVo-and 80%Y of patients with multple-sclerosis ag'eDR2.positive.-AlmostallDR2 posiwie paes h multiple sclerosiappeartobave the same DQI molecular subtype as occurs in narcolepsy.We are most grtel to ourcoltlgues for help in preparing this report, in parti r Wsh,) Ve , a Ddd.Equipent F p p Haem-oin~ics.roswasndysuppli d .
“New Broom” at the Cancer Institute?
Authors: Daniel S. Greenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

The National Cancer Act was due for its second three-year renewal this year. But with Congress burdened by the legislative requests of a new administration, the Cancer Act, along with a lot of other health-related legislation, was given a one-year extension.The delay is useful, since a new director, Arthur C. Upton, former dean of the School of Basic Health Sciences, State University of New York, Stony Brook, is settling in as director of the $800-million-a-year National Cancer Institute (NCI). With few previous links to the cancer-research establishment, Upton arrived with a "new-broom" image, especially since he was not the . . .
Trends in Acute Myocardial Infarction in 4 US States Between 1992 and 2001
Authors: Frederick A. Masoudi, JoAnne M. Foody, Edward P. Havranek, Yongfei Wang, Martha J. Radford, Richard M. Allman, Jay Gold, R. Todd Wiblin, Harlan M. Krumholz
Journal: Circulation (2006)

Because of the health impact of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), substantial resources have been dedicated to improving AMI care and outcomes. Long-term trends in the clinical characteristics, quality of care, and outcomes for AMI over time from the health system perspective in geographically diverse populations are not well known.The present study included 20,550 Medicare patients aged > or = 65 years hospitalized in 4 US states (Alabama, Connecticut, Iowa, Wisconsin) with the confirmed primary discharge diagnosis of AMI in 4 periods: 1992-1993 (n=10,292), 1995 (n=5566), 1998-1999 (n=2413), and 2000-2001 (n=2279). With the use of standard quality indicator definitions, treatment of ideal candidates with aspirin and beta-blockers within 24 hours after presentation, beta-blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors at discharge was assessed. Multivariable models were constructed to calculate adjusted 1-year mortality. The hospitalized Medicare population with AMI changed substantially during 1992-2001, with increasing age, more comorbidity, and fewer meeting ideal treatment criteria. Although treatment rates increased significantly for all medications, aspirin, beta-blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors were not provided at discharge to 12.6%, 19.7%, and 25.2% of ideal candidates, respectively, in 2000-2001. Crude 1-year mortality increased (27.6%, 28.3%, 30.6%, and 31.0%; P=0.003 for trend, but adjusted mortality declined (compared with 1992-1993, relative risk in 1995=0.94 [95% CI, 0.88 to 1.01]; relative risk in 1998-1999=0.91 [95% CI, 0.85 to 0.98]; relative risk in 2000-2001=0.87 [95% CI, 0.81 to 0.94]).The quality of care and adjusted 1-year mortality improved significantly for Medicare beneficiaries with AMI during 1992-2001. Nevertheless, fewer were ideal for guideline-based therapy, and absolute mortality remains high, suggesting the need for treatment strategies applicable to a broader range of older patients.
Blood-brain barrier permeability is markedly decreased in cholestasis in the rat
Authors: Jacqueline B. Wahler, Mark G. Swain, Richard Carson, Nora V. Bergasa, Anthony E. Jones
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

The blood-brain-barrier plays an essential role in regulating the entrance of substances into the brain. To date, permeability of the blood-brain barrier has not been studied in models of cholestatic liver injury, although levels of substances known to enhance vascular permeability (bile acids, substance P, histamine) are elevated in cholestasis. Two rat models of cholestasis were studied: bile duct resection (5 days after surgery) and alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate treatment (45 mg/kg/day for 7 days). The mean value for whole brain blood-to-brain transfer constant in bile duct resection rats was about 50% less than corresponding values in sham-operated and unoperated control rats (p < or = 0.05, respectively). Reductions in blood-to-brain transfer constant of similar magnitude were found in the caudate nuclei, cortexes and hippocampi of bile duct-resected rats. Blood-to-brain transfer constant values in alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate-treated rats were also about 50% less in whole brain and specific brain regions than corresponding control values. A precedent for a decrease in blood-to-brain transfer constant is the dexamethasone-treated rat, in which the phenomenon has been attributed to a decrease in cerebral capillary endothelial cell membrane fluidity. We confirmed that blood-to-brain transfer constant values are reduced by about 50% in dexamethasone-treated rats. A decrease in membrane fluidity affords a rational explanation for a decrease in blood-to-brain transfer constant in cholestasis as a consequence of the dynamic equilibrium between elevated plasma levels of cholesterol in cholestasis and cell membranes exposed to the circulation.
Who provides patients with drug information?
Authors: T McMahon, C M Clark, G R Bailie
Journal: BMJ (1987)

One hundred and fifty four patients were interviewed to determine the type and source of information that they had received about drugs that had been prescribed for them. Most had been told how often to take the drugs (145 (94%)) and how much to take each time (143 (93%)), but few had been informed about side effects (49 (32%)) and fewer had received written information (22 (14%)). Pharmacists most commonly supplied information about how often to take the drugs (105 (68%)), how much to take each time (99 (64%)), and the best way to take it (109 (71%)). Doctors most often gave information about duration of treatment (116 (75)) and possible side effects (126 (82%)). Few patients requested specific information on their own initiative. More research is needed to determine how best to communicate drug information to patients.
Neurological disturbances, premature lethality, and central myelination deficiency in transgenic mice overexpressing the homeo domain transcription factor Oct-6.
Authors: N A Jensen, K M Pedersen, J E Celis, M J West
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Pit, Oct, Unc (POU) homeo domain transcription factors have been implicated in various developmental processes, including cell division, differentiation, specification, and survival of specific cell types. Although expression of the transcription factor Oct-6 in oligodendroglia is confined to the promyelin stage and is downregulated at the myelin stage of development, the effect of Oct-6 overexpression on oligodendrocyte development has not been established. Here we show that transgenic animals overexpressing Oct-6 at late oligodendrocyte development develop a severe neurologic syndrome characterized by action tremors, recurrent seizures, and premature death. Axons in the central nervous system of Oct-6 transgenics were hypomyelinated, hypermyelinated, or dysmyelinated, and ultrastructural analyses suggested that myelin formation was premature. The vulnerability of developing oligodendroglia to Oct-6 deregulation provides evidence that the POU factor may play a direct role in myelin disease pathogenesis in the mammalian CNS.
The Nasal Carriage of Staphylococci Among Children of a Rural Community
Authors: Malcolm I. Page, Clinton Van Zandt Hawn, Joe H. Cannon
Journal: JAMA (1963)

A longitudinal study of the nasal carriage of coagulase-positive staphylococci among 373 children from a rural county revealed that 118 (32%) children never harbored such organisms over an 8-mo period. Sixty-four (17%) of the children were found to be persistent carriers. There was no measurable dissemination of staphylococci from the hospital to the community group under study. Staphylococci of phage type 80/81 were found to constitute only 6% of all strains isolated. Sharp increases in the incidence of penicillin-resistant strains were encountered after the administration of antibiotics to these children. The acquisition rate of new strains increased from 6.7% to 13.3% after antibiotic therapy. Carriers of penicillin-sensitive strains were seen most frequently to acquire new sensitive strains, whereas carriers of resistant strains most frequently acquired new resistant strains.
Abstract PL-2: Estrogen Receptor Cistrome: Implications for Breast Cancer
Authors: JS Carroll
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Estrogen Receptor (ER) is the defining feature of luminal breast cancers, where is functions as a transcription factor. The traditional view of ER getting recruited to promoters of target genes is too simplistic. The recent discovery of ER-DNA interaction regions from ER+ breast cancer cell lines has revealed that ER rarely associates with promoter regions of target genes and instead associates with enhancer elements significant distances from the target genes. The genomic mapping of ER binding events also revealed the enrichment of DNA motifs for Forkhead factors. The Forkhead protein FOXA1 (HNF3α) was subsequently shown to bind to ∼half of the ER binding events in the genome and was required for ER to maintain interaction with DNA. We have extended on these findings to map ER binding events in primary breast cancers and distant metastases. We find context dependent ER cis-regulatory elements (cistromes) that give insight into underlying transcriptional networks. These differential ER binding profiles correlate with clinical response in ER+ breast cancers. We experimentally explore the binding dynamics between drug sensitive and resistant contexts and identify properties that govern ER binding differences. These data suggest that ER-DNA interactions are dynamic and can be modulated by changes in FOXA1. We are currently exploring mechanisms that mediate FOXA1-DNA interactions, in order to better understand ER transcriptional activity in breast cancer biology. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PL-2.
Mutations in the endosomal ESCRTIII-complex subunit CHMP2B in frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Gaia Skibinski, Nicholas J Parkinson, Jeremy M Brown, Lisa Chakrabarti, Sarah L Lloyd, Holger Hummerich, Jørgen E Nielsen, John R Hodges, Maria Grazia Spillantini, Tove Thusgaard, Sebastian Brandner, Arne Brun, Martin N Rossor, Anders Gade, Peter Johannsen, Sven Asger Sørensen, Susanne Gydesen, Elizabeth MC Fisher, John Collinge
Journal: Nature Genetics (2005)
A Promising Step Forward in Psoriasis Therapy
Authors: Robert S. Stern
Journal: JAMA (2003)

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The Surgical Treatment of Cushing's Syndrome
Authors: Myron S. Roberts
Journal: JAMA (1961)

The results of adrenal surgery have been evaluated in 49 patients who have undergone operations for Cushing's syndrome since 1939. In the preoperative differential diagnosis between hyperplasia and neoplasm, the intravenous ACTH test and the presacral pneumogram have been helpful, the latter being diagnostic in 19 of 22 cases. Unilateral total adrenalectomy is considered the accepted therapy for Cushing's syndrome due to adenoma or carcinoma, but opinions differ when the pathology is hyperplasia. In the present series total bilateral adrenalectomy gave the best results. Subtotal adrenal resection usually does not present the need for steroid replacement therapy and predisposes the patient to a possible additional operation if hyperplasia occurs in the remaining segment.
Environmental agents that have the potential to trigger massive apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain.
Authors: J W Olney, N B Farber, D F Wozniak, V Jevtovic-Todorovic, C Ikonomidou
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2000)

We review recent findings pertaining to several environmental agents (ethanol, phencyclidine, ketamine, nitrous oxide, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, halothane, isoflurane, and propofol) that have the potential to delete large numbers of neurons from the developing brain by a newly discovered mechanism involving interference in the action of neurotransmitters [glutamate and gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) at (italic)N(/italic)-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)] and GABA(subscript)A(/subscript) receptors during the synaptogenesis period, also known as the brain growth-spurt period. Transient interference (lasting >= 4 hr) in the activity of these transmitters during the synaptogenesis period (the last trimester of pregnancy and the first several years after birth in humans) causes millions of developing neurons to commit suicide (die by apoptosis). Many of these agents are drugs of abuse (ethanol is a prime example) to which the human fetal brain may be exposed during the third trimester by drug-abusing mothers. Ethanol triggers massive apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain by interfering with both the NMDA and GABA(subscript)A(/subscript) receptor systems, and this can explain the reduced brain mass and lifelong neurobehavioral disturbances associated with intrauterine exposure of the human fetus to ethanol (fetal alcohol syndrome). Exposure of the immature brain in a medical treatment context is also of concern because many of these agents are drugs used frequently as sedatives, tranquilizers, anticonvulsants, or anesthetics in pediatric and/or obstetrical medicine. Because this is a newly discovered mechanism, further research will be required to fully ascertain the nature and degree of risk posed by exposure of the developing human brain to environmental agents that act by this mechanism.
Multiplexing Seven miRNA-Based shRNAs to Suppress HIV Replication
Authors: Jang-Gi Choi, Preeti Bharaj, Sojan Abraham, Hongming Ma, Guohua Yi, Chunting Ye, Ying Dang, N Manjunath, Haoquan Wu, Premlata Shankar
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

Multiplexed miRNA-based shRNAs (shRNA-miRs) could have wide potential to simultaneously suppress multiple genes. Here, we describe a simple strategy to express a large number of shRNA-miRs using minimal flanking sequences from multiple endogenous miRNAs. We found that a sequence of 30 nucleotides flanking the miRNA duplex was sufficient for efficient processing of shRNA-miRs. We inserted multiple shRNAs in tandem, each containing minimal flanking sequence from a different miRNA. Deep sequencing of transfected cells showed accurate processing of individual shRNA-miRs and that their expression did not decrease with the distance from the promoter. Moreover, each shRNA was as functionally competent as its singly expressed counterpart. We used this system to express one shRNA-miR targeting CCR5 and six shRNA-miRs targeting the HIV-1 genome. The lentiviral construct was pseudotyped with HIV-1 envelope to allow transduction of both resting and activated primary CD4 T cells. Unlike one shRNA-miR, the seven shRNA-miR transduced T cells nearly abrogated HIV-1 infection in vitro. Additionally, when PBMCs from HIV-1 seropositive individuals were transduced and transplanted into NOD/SCID/IL-2R γc(-/-) mice (Hu-PBL model) efficient suppression of endogenous HIV-1 replication with restoration of CD4 T cell counts was observed. Thus, our multiplexed shRNA appears to provide a promising gene therapeutic approach for HIV-1 infection.
Maternal Brain Death During Pregnancy
Authors: Stephen Wear
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor. —  Field et al 1 report the maintenance of a brain dead woman who achieved successful delivery of what was initially a previable fetus. We applaud their efforts and concur with their conclusion that the guidelines we proposed  an earlier article need to be modified. 2 We do not concur with the guidelines that they have substituted.  The authors place ultimate authority with the family given that the family has traditional authority about the disposal of the body and that it  generally assumed that they have their children's best interests  mind. We agree that the families' decision-making authority is derived from their status as maternal and fetal surrogates, not as spokespersons for their own interests, which are unlikely to be decisive. Practically, the husband-father usually will be the  decision maker on both counts, and, in most cases, it is ethically appropriate to respect
The Voice of Shih Yuan
Authors: PAMELA NAGAMI
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Ad Libitum1 October 1986The Voice of Shih YuanPAMELA NAGAMI, M.D.PAMELA NAGAMI, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-4-622_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptOut of great depths of reserveComes the voice of Shih YuanTo tell me his story.Every human being has a history;Tragedy touches all livesAnd Shih Yuan's is no exception.Only in his caseThe past is harder to retrieveSince so few traces of it remain.The family house in ShanghaiWhere three generations had livedIs now chopped into flats,Inhabited by the new ChineseOne of whom, thinking the old thoughts,Is your aged stepmother.What started as immigrationIs now exile—voluntaryBut irrevocable.Nowadays, we doctors are casualAbout tuberculosis.We welcome the... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1986Volume 105, Issue 4Page: 622-622KeywordsTouch ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 October 1986 PDF downloadLoading ...
Nutritional Care of the Cancer Patient
Authors: William D. DeWys
Journal: JAMA (1980)

A MAJORITY of cancer patients will experience weight loss during the course of their illness. This weight loss differs from that in a healthy person on a reducing diet in that much of the weight loss in the cancer patient is from muscle, causing progressive fatigue, weakness, and inactivity. Weight loss is an important prognostic factor in the patient with cancer. In a recent study of more than 3,000 patients with a spectrum of tumor types, the median survival of patients who experienced weight loss before chemotherapy was approximately one half that of patients who had not lost weight (except for gastric and pancreatic cancer where the survival was short term for patients with or without weight loss).<sup>1</sup>Weight loss was associated with decreased activity level and increased extent of tumor. However, the prognostic effect of weight loss was separable from the prognostic effect of decreased physical activity or