tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Five patients benefit from India's first "domino" kidney swap
Authors: C. Travasso
Journal: BMJ (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> The development of de novo dural arteriovenous fistula(s) following endovascular embolization of a prior high-flow pial arteriovenous fistula (PAVF) has not previously been reported and the natural history is unknown. The anatomic basis, pathophysiologic mechanism, management and outcome are discussed. <h3>Methods</h3> Treatment-completed congenital PAVFs treated at our center between January 2005 and August 2011 were analyzed retrospectively. Among 16 cases of PAVFs treated by endovascular embolization, four developed de novo dural arteriovenous fistulas during treatment or on follow-up that were not present before treatment. Information was collected from the clinical case records, imaging by MRI on presentation and during follow-up, all angiographic images and records during each of the procedures and during follow-up. <h3>Results</h3> The time interval between the last embolization and identification of a dural fistula ranged from 3 to 14 months. Ten fistulas were identified in four patients, seven of which were embolized, four with glue, two with Onyx18 and one with absolute alcohol. None recanalized, while one patient developed fistula in an adjacent location that was subsequently treated with radiosurgery. Not all fistulas need treatment; small fistulas with a minimal flow can safely be observed. <h3>Conclusions</h3> De novo dural fistulas following endovascular embolization of high-flow PAVFs is not an uncommon development. They are mostly asymptomatic and develop anywhere along the drainage of the fistula, maturing over time and diagnosed during follow-up studies, emphasizing the need for follow-up angiography. They can be effectively treated by endovascular embolization. Localized refractory dural fistulas can be dealt with by radiosurgery.
795–2 Dynamic Changes in Aortic Regurgitant Orifice Area: A Chronic Animal Model Study
Authors: Takahiro Shiota, Michael Jones, Russell S. Heinrich, Masahiro Ishii, Izumi Yamada, Ajit P. Yoganathan, Brian Sinclair, Shuping Ge, David J. Sahn
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1995)
Consensus on Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Carol C. Nadelson
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> While the American Psychiatric Association (APA) acknowledges the general value of the Consensus Development Conferences, we wish to convey our concern about the report on electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) that emerged from a recent National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference.<sup>1</sup> The Consensus Panel found that "ECT is demonstrably effective for a narrow range of severe psychiatric disorders," confirming the value of the treatment for some patients with serious mental disorders. However, the ambitious goals of the conference and the process by which consensus was reached have also resulted in compromises that have seriously affected the tone and substance of the report. As a result, some of the published content reflects less than scientific positions on a difficult subject. The APA wishes to point out the following areas: 1. Phraseology that describes ECT as "the most controversial treatment in psychiatry," the effects as "toxic," and the systemic
Subcellular Organization of Receptor-Mediated Phosphoinositide Turnover*
Authors: MARIE E. MONACO, MARVIN C. GERSHENGORN
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1992)

MUCH of the biochemistry of agonist-induced phosphoinositide metabolism has been elucidated during the past decade; however, less is known concerning the subcellular organization of these biochemical events. Questions remain regarding: 1) the anatomical location of the biochemical reactions involved in the signal transduction events, 2) the relationship between PtdIns-4,5-P2 hydrolysis and resynthesis of phosphatidylinositol (Ptdlns) and 3) the nature of the agonistresponsive phosphoinositide pool and its relationship to the activated receptor complex. In this review, we will outline the information presently available that is relevant to these questions and propose a model that incorporates these data. Studies of a number of biochemical pathways, including those for steroidogenesis, glycolysis, nucleotide biosynthesis, and the urea cycle, suggest a functional association or compartmentation within cells of the enzymes involved (for review, see Ref. 1). Existing data support the thesis that such organization may extend to signal transduction pathways as well. Several lines of evidence suggest that stimulation of the adenylyl cyclase-cAMP signaling pathway leads to cAMP accumulation that occurs in discrete areas of the cell. These include findings that: 1) equivalent increases in the levels of cAMP stimulated by two different agonists do not induce similar effects in either Leydig cells (2) or rat heart (3); 2) there is differential activation of particulate and soluble protein kinases by different agonists (4); and 3) there is differential subcellular localization of cAMP that is dependent on the agonist employed (5). Phosphoinositide cycling (Fig. 1), which is stimulated during signal transduction by agonists that use inositol-l,4,5-trisphosphate and 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) as second messenger molecules (for review, see Ref. 6), also displays some properties usually associated with compartmentation. In this manuscript, we will review the evidence that supports functional organization of the agonist-stimulated phosphoinositide cycle, including coupling of resynthesis of phosphatidylinositol (Ptdlns) to hydrolysis of Ptdlns- 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns-4,5-P2) and the compartmentation of the phosphoinositides into agonist-responsive and -unresponsive pools. A third piece of compelling evidence supporting the compartmentation hypothesis is the spatial aspect of the calcium mobilization response to different agonists. These data have been reviewed elsewhere (7) and will not be discussed here.
Initiation of motility in canine ileum by short chain fatty acids and inhibition by pharmacological agents.
Authors: P S Kamath, S F Phillips
Journal: Gut (1988)

We have previously shown that short chain fatty acids (SCFA) stimulate motility in the canine ileum. Concentrations of SCFA in the ileum are normally low but would be expected to increase after coloileal reflux; thus, this phenomenon could have pathophysiological relevance. The present studies were designed to seek pharmacological means by which this response could be blocked. Four dogs were prepared with isolated, ileocolonic fistulae into which physiological concentrations of SCFA could be instilled so as to stimulate ileal motility. Pretreatment of the ileum with topical lidocaine abolished the response to luminal SCFA but general anaesthesia did not. Indomethacin stimulated ileal motility and prostacyclin abolished the ileal response to SCFA. Naloxone and a calcium channel blocker also negated the response to SCFA; blockage of muscarinic, adrenergic and 5H-T receptors did not. We conclude that the motor response to SCFA is probably a local neural reflex which is sensitive to local anaesthetics, opiates and the prostanoids.
NICE approves liraglutide for diabetic patients not achieving glucose control
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Treatment with the incretin mimetic liraglutide can be considered as part of dual therapy—in combination with metformin or a sulphonylurea—in patients with type 2 diabetes failing to achieve blood glucose control and who are intolerant to currently available drugs, recommends final draft guidance from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence.

An earlier draft of the appraisal had recommended against the use of liraglutide as part of dual therapy, but NICE has reviewed its decision on the basis of further data, particularly on cost effectiveness.

NICE’s appraisal also finds that liraglutide is clinically and cost effective as part of triple therapy in patients with a body mass index (BMI) of 35 or over. In these …
IgE antibodies to house dust mite in patients with scabies
Authors: EDVARD S. FALK, ROALD BOLLE
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Of 135 patients with scabies, forty-seven (35%) had a positive (Classes 1--4) radioallergosorbent test (RAST) to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP). Elevated serum IgE concentrations were found in sixty-one (45%) of the patients. Atopic disease was confirmed in twenty-eight (23%) of the 120 patients who completed a medical questionnaire satisfactorily. In a control group, well-matched for age and sex, of 201 employees at a local bank, only four (2%) had a positive RAST to DP, and eight (4%) had raised serum IgE levels. Atopic disease was confirmed in eighteen (9%) of them. These observations indicate that scabies infection stimulates the production of IgE antibodies, even in non-atopic individuals, and may suggest that IgE antibodies against the human pathogenic mite Sarcoptes scabiei cross-react with DP. Scabies infection in addition often seems to be associated with atopic disease.
COMPARATIVE INDICATIONS FOR CLASSIC AND PORRO-CÆSAREAN SECTION.
Authors: J. H. CARSTENS
Journal: JAMA (1897)

The terrible mortality following Cæsarean section for all these centuries induced the Italian obstetrician, Porro, to advocate, in cases requiring Cæsarean section, the removal of the uterus at the same time; and the two main objects he had in view were; 1. That by removing the uterus and appendages the danger from puerperal septicemia would be removed; 2. If the woman did recover, she would not be again subject to such a serious operation. Many coincided with these views, but there were also many who opposed them, saying that the danger of the operation itself was greater than the danger from puerperal fever, and that the woman who had a deformed pelvis and required such an operation, had no business to become pregnant. This latter argument seems to me very shallow, indeed. It might hold good in cases of illegitimate pregnancy, as is so often the case in Europe, but
Increased Exposure of Tissues to Cortisol in Late Pregnancy
Authors: C. W. Burke, F. Roulet
Journal: BMJ (1970)

In late normal pregnancy the mean day-night variation of non-protein-bound cortisol in plasma was found to be reduced to 52%, from a mean of 82% in non-pregnant subjects. Levels of unbound cortisol at midnight and at 9 a.m. in late pregnancy were raised above the non-pregnant normal. These levels led to increased urinary free cortisol excretion in pregnancy. This “tissue exposure” in late pregnancy is two to three times normal, as judged by both plasma unbound and urinary free cortisol measurements. The well-known increase in urinary free cortisol excretion in pregnancy is explained by the reduced day-night rhythm.
Radiosynoviorthesis for Treating Recurrent Joint Effusions After Endoprosthetic Knee Replacement
Authors: Susanne Mayer-Wagner, Bettina Mutzel, Wolfgang Mayer, Christian Fulghum, Gerhard Simon, Rainer Linke, Volkmar Jansson
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Radiosynoviorthesis (RSO) has been established as a treatment modality for rheumatoid arthritis. Other forms of joint diseases like recurrent joint effusions after knee arthroplasties are under investigation. The aim of this study was to examine whether RSO therapy is effective in the application of an endoprosthesis and whether there are common causes of failure.Between 1998 and 2005, 55 patients received RSO treatment (90Y colloid) for recurrent joint effusions after endoprosthetic knee replacement. A total of 46 patients were followed up and questioned anonymously according to a modified Knee Society Knee Scoring System (KSS) and Hospital for Special Surgery score. On the basis of patient records, a subgroup analysis of patients with revision surgery after RSO (subgroup A) and without further operative interventions (subgroup B) was performed.Subgroup A comprised 46% (21/46) and subgroup B comprised 54% (25/46) of all patients. Most patients from subgroup A did not benefit from RSO. Of these 21 patients, 7 presented with low-grade infection, 7 presented with signs of endoprosthetic loosening, 2 presented with metal allergy, and 2 had undergone revision because of trauma.Patients in subgroup B experienced a significant improvement in pain (KSS score, from 22.5 to 34 points) and function (KSS score, from 62.9 to 77.3 points; Hospital for Special Surgery score, from 30.2 to 38.7) after RSO.Radiosynoviorthesis resulted in an improvement in pain and function in ∼50% of patients with knee endoprostheses. In 85% of all patients, in whom RSO treatment failed, endoprosthetic complications like infection, loosening, allergy, and trauma were detected. In conclusion, RSO is a valid therapeutic option for joint effusions after knee arthroplasties. However, if RSO fails, a thorough exclusion of endoprosthetic complications should be performed.
Comparison of liver fibrosis blood tests developed for HCV with new specific tests in HIV/HCV co-infection
Authors: Paul Calès, Philippe Halfon, Dominique Batisse, Fabrice Carrat, Philippe Perré, Guillaume Penaranda, Dominique Guyader, Louis d’Alteroche, Isabelle Fouchard-Hubert, Christian Michelet, Pascal Veillon, Jérôme Lambert, Laurence Weiss, Dominique Salmon, Patrice Cacoub
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2010)
Apolipoproteinemia A and α–Fetoprotein in the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cirrhosis: Several Interpretations
Authors: Thierry Poynard
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

The serum apolipoprotein A (Apo A) and α–fetoprotein (AFP) were evaluated in histologically verified 30* cases of alcoholic cirrhosis and 18 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The latter were also divided into subgroups depending on the presence or absence of associated cirrhosis. Serum Apo A levels were found to be significantly decreased in cirrhotics ( p &lt; 0.001) compared to controls and non–cirrhotic HCC patients. In 22 cases of alcoholic cirrhosis (AFP &lt; 10 ng/ml) and 12 cases of HCC (AFP &gt; 600 ng/ml), the AFP levels itself* were diagnostic, but in the remaining cases, AFP levels (100–600 ng/ml) were not able to differentiate between cirrhosis and malignancy. In this later group of patients with low pathological range of AFP, serum Apo A levels found to be significantly decreased in alcoholic cirrhotic patients ( p &lt; 0.001) compared to HCC patients. Thus, estimation of Apo A levels may be helpful to interpret the AFP values at lower pathological range due to suspected liver pathology.
Eosinophiluria — A New Method of Detection and Definition of the Clinical Spectrum
Authors: Charles R. Nolan, Michael S. Anger, Stephen P. Kelleher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1986)

Eosinophiluria is considered a useful marker of drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis. However, recognition of eosinophiluria by Wright's staining is technically difficult, and the spectrum of disorders causing eosinophiluria is not completely defined. We have adapted Hansel's stain for the examination of urinary sediment. Whereas there was a variable uptake of Wright's stain by eosinophils in the urine, such eosinophils were readily recognized with Hansel's stain by the presence of bright red granules. The prevalence of eosinophiluria in acute interstitial nephritis was 10 of 11 patients, in acute tubular necrosis none of 30, in acute pyelonephritis none of 10, in acute cystitis 1 of 15, in postinfectious glomerulonephritis 1 of 6, in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis 4 of 10, and in acute prostatitis 6 of 10. Eosinophiluria in acute interstitial nephritis was demonstrated by Hansel's stain in 10 of 11 patients but by Wright's stain in only 2 of 11 patients. We conclude that Hansel's stain substantially improves the recognition of eosinophiluria as compared with Wright's stain. Eosinophiluria is useful in distinguishing acute interstitial nephritis from acute tubular necrosis. The clinical spectrum of eosinophiluria also includes rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, acute prostatitis, and occasionally, acute cystitis or postinfectious glomerulonephritis.
Effects of exercise and training on control of heart rate
Authors: R. FURLAN, M. PAGANI, A. MALLIANI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1993)

Journal Article Effects of exercise and training on control of heart rate Get access RAFFAELLO FURLAN, RAFFAELLO FURLAN Medicina lnterna, Universita, Ospedale “L.Sacco”, 20157 Milano, Italy. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar MASSIMO PAGANI, MASSIMO PAGANI Medicina lnterna, Universita, Ospedale “L.Sacco”, 20157 Milano, Italy. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ALBERTO MALLIANI ALBERTO MALLIANI Medicina lnterna, Universita, Ospedale “L.Sacco”, 20157 Milano, Italy. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cardiovascular Research, Volume 27, Issue 12, December 1993, Pages 2286–2287, https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/27.12.2286 Published: 01 December 1993
Indomethacin: A New Non-steroid Anti-inflammatory Agent
Authors: F. D. Hart, P. L. Boardman
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Reports have been published of the successful treatment with ampicillin of a carrier of Salm.typhi, but of failure in six carriers of Salm.typhimurium (Stewart et al., 1961; Trafford et al., 1962).Ampicillin has failed in three carriers of salmonellae, but a fourth patient remained negative one month after cholecystectomy and ampicillin therapy (Tynes and Utz, 1962).The five relapses in the present series of 10 patients may have been due to the use of an inadequate dose, as they all occurred after treatment with less than 1 g.six-hourly.The administration of a larger dose in two of them resulted in a clinical and bac- teriological cure.It has been suggested that ampicillin may not reach the lower ileum in a concentration inhibi- tory to pathogenic bacteria, owing to rapid absorption from the upper part of the small intestine, and possibly to local destruction by penicillinase (Stewart and Harrison, 1961).This may contribute to failure of the drug in acute salmonelloses.Chronic salmonella infections are notoriously difficult to treat (Main, 1961).In acute salmonelloses chlorainphenicol is unsatisfactory in preventing the development of the carrier state (Douglas, 1950; Good and Mackenzie, 1950; Woodward et al., 1950).This is due to the bacteriostatic action of chloramphenicol and the low concentrations achieved in bile.Ampicillin, being bactericidal and highly concentrated in bile, may be a useful drug in carrier states when given in an adequate dose of at least 1 g.six-hourly for 21 days.It probably represents no advance in the treatment of acute salmonelloses, although more extensive trials are necessary (Brit.med.J., 1961).At the time of writing there was a large epidemic of paratyphoid infection in the Edinburgh area and ampicillin treatment was being compared with chloramphenicol for both the acute infec- tion and the carrier state in over 130 patients.It is hoped to publish the results of this trial after adequate long-term follow-up studies have been completed.Side-effects similar to those seen with other penicillins occurred in seven (19%) of the patients but were readily reversible.It seems likely that cross-sensitization exists among all penicillins, and it is important that patients should be questioned about previous penicillin allergy before ampicillin or any other penicillin is given.Summary Forty-eight patients were treated with ampicillin, 37 suffering from infections of the urinary tract, 10 from salmonelloses, and one from KI. pneumoniae septicaemia.The ampicillin sensitivity of the causative organisms has been studied, and concentrations of ampicillin in blood and urine have been estimated.In the treatment of infec- tions of the urinary tract ampicillin should be reserved for infections due to Proteus spp.It is not the drug of first choice for E. coli infections, being less effective and more costly than cycloserine.The majority of strains of Klebsiella are resistant.A follow-up study showed a 38% long-term failure rate, the possible causes of which are discussed.
Synthesis and biological activities of a library of glycosaminoglycans mimetic oligosaccharides
Authors: Yasunori Ikeda, Saïd Charef, Mohand-Ouidir Ouidja, Véronique Barbier-Chassefière, Fernando Sineriz, Arlette Duchesnay, Hemalata Narasimprakash, Isabelle Martelly, Patrick Kern, Denis Barritault, Emmanuel Petit, Dulce Papy-Garcia
Journal: Biomaterials (2010)
To the Class of 1986-Reply
Authors: John Bernard Henry
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> In response to Dr Lacoursiere, I understand his position, but I believe he has misunderstood mine. I did not intend to imply that only "called" physicians treat drug and alcohol addiction. Certainly, this disease can cross any medical specialty or discipline and, consequently, must be taken into consideration by any physician who intends to do his job right. What I referred to in my address to our first-year students was that there<i>are</i>chosen physicians who deal with drug and alcohol problems as a separate entity, not as a complication of another disease. The internist or surgeon who neglects to notice a history of alcoholism in a patient with renal failure is simply an ineffective physician. He is as remiss as if he neglected to find out that the patient is diabetic. On the other hand, the physician who<i>does</i>take drug or alcoholism problems into account in
Dying on the acute take can be improved
Authors: Suzie Gillon, Kathryn Mannix, David A Price
Journal: BMJ (2007)

We select the letters for these pages from the rapid responses posted on bmj.com favouring those received within five days of publication of the article to which they refer.Letters are thus an early selection of rapid responses on a particular topic.Readers should consult the website for the full list of responses and any authors' replies, which usually arrive after
Psychoneurotic profiles of smokers and non-smokers.
Authors: H J Waal-Manning, F A de Hamel
Journal: BMJ (1980)

provided temptation for use in promotional activities.It is premature to assume that all beta- blocking drugs are equally effective in prevent- ing sudden death and at present it is not known which subgroups of patients might benefit or for how long, and what doses are optimal.Every effort should be made to minimise speculation and over-simplification because of the danger of causing delays in the discovery of relevant mechanisms-or even worse of increasing scepticism and so depriving patients of effective treatment.
An improved d-α-tocopherol-based nanocarrier for targeted delivery of doxorubicin with reversal of multidrug resistance
Authors: Jianqin Lu, Wenchen Zhao, Hao Liu, Rebecca Marquez, Yixian Huang, Yifei Zhang, Jiang Li, Wen Xie, Raman Venkataramanan, Liang Xu, Song Li
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2014)
The Large Intestine: Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Disease
Authors: Z. Myron Falchuk
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Phillips, Pemberton, and Shorter have put together a most authoritative, true, and comprehensive text, which will surely serve as the standard for students and professionals whose significant interest is in the workings of the large bowel. The editors at the outset make clear their goal of putting together a book that will pay attention to basic science as it relates to the colon, starting with physiology and immunology and concluding with considerations of disease and management. They have managed this in chapters that are generally concise and not redundant—notnot an easy feat in a multiauthored, international text. Indeed, one third of the chapter authors come from outside the United States, a feature that adds balance and interest for the American reader. The chapters are organized in a connected fashion and yet could be freestanding mini-reviews of their subjects. The book has three main sections: "Structure and Function" (25%), "General Clinical