tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
" God and the Doctor we Alike Adore."
Authors: Frederick P. Henry
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Philadelphia, Dec. 2, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In theJournalof November 28, a correspondent who signs himself R. M. W., inquires as to the authorship of the following lines: " God and the doctor we alike adore, But only when in trouble, not before. The trouble o'er, both are alike requited; God is forgotten, and the doctor slighted." I have been familiar with a similar stanza for several years and am inclined to think that the lines are incorrectly quoted by R. M. W. In a "Code of Medical Ethics" by Jukes de Styrap, M. K. Q. C. P., etc., London, 1886, he will find the following: " God and the doctor we alike adore When on the brink of danger not before; The danger past, both are alike requited; God is forgotten and the doctor slighted!" This does not answer your correspondent's question but it may perhaps give him a
A cost analysis of diabetic lower-extremity ulcers.
Authors: C Harrington, M J Zagari, J Corea, J Klitenic
Journal: Diabetes Care (2000)

OBJECTIVE: Our objectives were to 1) estimate the prevalence of diabetes and diabetic lower-extremity ulcers in the Medicare population, 2) characterize Medicare population-specific costs for lower-extremity ulcer episodes, and 3) evaluate potential cost savings associated with better healing of lower-extremity ulcers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Prevalence and costs of diabetic lower-extremity ulcers were obtained by an analysis of Medicare claims data from 1995 and 1996 Standard Analytic Files (5% sample). RESULTS: Medicare expenditures for lower-extremity ulcer patients were on average 3 times higher than those for Medicare patients in general ($15,309 vs. $5,226). Lower-extremity ulcer-related spending accounted for 24% of total spending for lower-extremity ulcer patients. Most of the ulcer-related costs accrued on the inpatient side (73.7%); proportionately smaller amounts went to physicians and nursing home facilities. To determine the potential effect of better diabetic ulcer management, a model was created that estimated the impact on costs with improved healing rates. Improving the 20-week healing rate from 31 to 40% would save Medicare $189 per episode. CONCLUSIONS: Lower-extremity ulcers cost the Medicare system $1.5 billion in 1995. Any wound care intervention that could prevent even a small percentage of wounds from progressing to the stage at which inpatient care is required may have a favorable cost effect on the Medicare system.
Exome sequencing of liver fluke–associated cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Choon Kiat Ong, Chutima Subimerb, Chawalit Pairojkul, Sopit Wongkham, Ioana Cutcutache, Willie Yu, John R McPherson, George E Allen, Cedric Chuan Young Ng, Bernice Huimin Wong, Swe Swe Myint, Vikneswari Rajasegaran, Hong Lee Heng, Anna Gan, Zhi Jiang Zang, Yingting Wu, Jeanie Wu, Ming Hui Lee, DaChuan Huang, Pauline Ong, Waraporn Chan-on, Yun Cao, Chao-Nan Qian, Kiat Hon Lim, Aikseng Ooi, Karl Dykema, Kyle Furge, Veerapol Kukongviriyapan, Banchob Sripa, Chaisiri Wongkham, Puangrat Yongvanit, P Andrew Futreal, Vajarabhongsa Bhudhisawasdi, Steve Rozen, Patrick Tan, Bin Tean Teh
Journal: Nature Genetics (2012)
Cardiovascular Effects of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Steven J. Lester, Matthew Baggott, Susette Welm, Nelson B. Schiller, Reese T. Jones, Elyse Foster, John Mendelson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Background: The psychoactive stimulant 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), also known as “ecstasy,” is widely used in nonmedical settings. Little is known about its cardiovascular effects. Objective: To evaluate the acute cardiovascular effects of MDMA by using transthoracic two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. Design: Four-session, ascending-dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Setting: Urban hospital. Patients: Eight healthy adults who self-reported MDMA use. Intervention: Echocardiographic effects of dobutamine (5, 20, and 40 µg/kg of body weight per minute) were measured in a preliminary session. Oral MDMA (0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg of body weight) or placebo was administered 1 hour before echocardiographic measurements in three weekly sessions. Measurements: Heart rate and blood pressure were measured at regular intervals before and after MDMA administration. Echocardiographic measures of stroke volume, ejection fraction, cardiac output, and meridional wall stress were obtained 1 hour after MDMA administration and during dobutamine infusions. Results: At a dose of 1.5 mg/kg, MDMA increased mean heart rate (by 28 beats/min), systolic blood pressure (by 25 mm Hg), diastolic blood pressure (by 7 mm Hg), and cardiac output (by 2 L/min). The effects of MDMA were similar to those of dobutamine, 20 and 40 µg/kg per minute. Inotropism, measured by using meridional wall stress corrected for ejection fraction, decreased after administration of dobutamine, 40 µg/kg per minute, but did not change after either dose of MDMA. Conclusions: Modest oral doses of MDMA increase heart rate, blood pressure, and myocardial oxygen consumption in a magnitude similar to dobutamine, 20 to 40 µg/kg per minute. In contrast to dobutamine, MDMA has no measurable inotropic effects.
THE OUTERMOST RIM OF NEBRASKA’S FIELD OF MEDICINE—INTRODUCTORY TO THE FOURTH COURSE OF LECTURES IN THE OMAHA MEDICAL COLLEGE.
Authors: A. S. V. MANSFELDE
Journal: JAMA (1883)

Ladies and Gentlemen: Nebraska physicians and Nebraska institutions of learning have within the last year received their share of attention; sometimes gratifying to us, and at others quite contrary emotions were the result of such notices. Of course adverse verse criticism may have often been just, when, human-like, we smarted under the lash. Again, honest as the critic may have been, yet unacquainted with our faults and our virtues, our past record and our hopes for the future, he did not deal with us as he would wish to be dealt by. One common error is engendered by the idea—universal I think, east of Chicago—that Nebraska and her institutions, her children and her citizens still bear the stamp of a semi-barbarism commensarate to the products of a soil. prolific in thistles and sage brush. Few people, comparatively speaking, seem to be aware of the fact that we find time to
New American Cancer Society Process for Creating Trustworthy Cancer Screening Guidelines
Authors: Otis Brawley, Tim Byers, Amy Chen, Michael Pignone, David Ransohoff, Maryjean Schenk, Robert Smith, Harold Sox, Alan G. Thorson, Richard Wender
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Guidelines for cancer screening written by different organizations often differ, even when they are based on the same evidence. Those dissimilarities can create confusion among health care professionals, the general public, and policy makers. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) recently released 2 reports to establish new standards for developing more trustworthy clinical practice guidelines and conducting systematic evidence reviews that serve as their basis. Because the American Cancer Society (ACS) is an important source of guidance about cancer screening for both health care practitioners and the general public, it has revised its methods to create a more transparent, consistent, and rigorous process for developing and communicating guidelines. The new ACS methods align with the IOM principles for trustworthy clinical guideline development by creating a single generalist group for writing the guidelines, commissioning independent systematic evidence reviews, and clearly articulating the benefits, limitations, and harms associated with a screening test. This new process should ensure that ACS cancer screening guidelines will continue to be a trustworthy source of information for both health care practitioners and the general public to guide clinical practice, personal choice, and public policy about cancer screening.
Abstract 2442: VGX-100, a novel therapeutic monoclonal antibody targeting VEGF-C that inhibits tumor growth
Authors: Angus Tester, David Phelan, Brad McColl, Robert Klupacs, Megan Baldwin
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis are important contributors to the growth and metastasis of a wide variety of tumor types. Therapeutic targeting of the angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is now an FDA-approved treatment for several cancers. Vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) has also been demonstrated to stimulate angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in a number of experimental systems, and is essential for development of the lymphatic system during embryogenesis. In addition, expression of VEGF-C drives tumor progression and metastasis in mouse models of cancer, and is associated with poor prognosis in many human cancers. Targeting VEGF-C is therefore a highly promising strategy for novel therapeutics, with the potential to disrupt both angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. VGX-100 is a highly specific, fully human monoclonal antibody for VEGF-C that does not bind to other members of the VEGF family. In vitro testing demonstrates that VGX-100 blocks binding of VEGF-C to both VEGF receptor-2 and VEGF receptor-3, and inhibits the proliferation of blood vascular (HUVEC) and lymphatic endothelial cells in response to VEGF-C stimulation. Here we demonstrate anti-tumor efficacy through the use of xenograft models of human cancer, with VGX-100 treatment significantly inhibiting tumor growth in several models. These findings demonstrate that VGX-100 has great potential for development as a new cancer therapeutic, with potential clinical utility in combination with existing therapies or in patients refractory to existing anti-angiogenic agents. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2442.
Ku-Shen (Sophora flavescens Ait), a single Chinese herb, abrogates airway hyperreactivity in a murine model of asthma*1
Authors: M.C. Wen, C.K. Huang, K.D. Srivastava, T.F. Zhang, B. Schofield, H.A. Sampson, X.M. Li
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
Nasal Sinusitis in Children
Authors: D. Guthrie
Journal: BMJ (1940)

TECHNIQUE EDIC BRJIOISRHAL culous lesion, then that patient, and also those subse- quently inoculated, might all develop localized tuberculous foci at the sites of inoculation.If a single bottle con- taining multiple doses of an injectable preparation had been used for the injection of an entire series it would naturally be regarded as the source of the trouble. SummaryThe investigations recorded show inter alia that (a) 0.5 per cent.phenol, used as the preservative in biological products, kills all non-sporing bacteria (including tubercle bacilli) within seven days; (b) contamination on the external surface of the rubber cap of a bottle of a biclogical product can be intro- duced into the contained fluid when the cap is pierced by a needle; (c) any contamination of the needle or in the syringe may infect the entire contents of such a bottle; (d) such con- tamination may occuir through iniadequate sterilization, droplet iinfection, or contact with infected material after sterilization.The dangers of " droplet " infection in inoculation work and the efficacy of alcohol and ether as antiseptics in such work are discussed.A simple test is described to ensure satisfactory sterilization in autoclaves.
Medical Thinking: A Historical Preface.
Authors: Lester Snow King
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Lester S. King, M.D., focuses on those aspects of medicine that remain constant through the centuries--the problems that doctors always face and the critical judgment needed to solve them. According to Dr. King, modern technological advances are really new ways of answering old questions, while the basic modes of medical thinking have not changed. Originally published in 1982. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Deficiency of NRH:Quinone Oxidoreductase 2 Increases Susceptibility to 7,12-Dimethylbenz(<b> <i>a</i> </b>)anthracene and Benzo(<b> <i>a</i> </b>)pyrene-Induced Skin Carcinogenesis
Authors: Karim Iskander, Marilene Paquet, Cory Brayton, Anil K. Jaiswal
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

Abstract NRH:Quinone oxidoreductase 2 (NQO2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the reductive metabolism of quinones. C57BL/6 NQO2−/− mice lacking NQO2 gene expression were generated in our laboratory. The dorsal skin of NQO2-deficient mice was exposed to 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) or benzo(a)pyrene alone (complete carcinogen) or with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) (initiation/promotion model) to determine the in vivo role of NQO2 in chemical carcinogenesis. The NQO2−/− mice showed significantly increased tumor frequency with DMBA + TPA when compared with their wild-type littermates. The benzo(a)pyrene + TPA also showed increase in tumor incidence in NQO2−/− mice but to a less extent than DMBA. DMBA alone resulted in low frequency of tumor development with no difference in susceptibility between wild-type and NQO2−/− mice. Benzo(a)pyrene alone failed to induce tumors in either wild-type or NQO2−/− mice. Histologic analysis of the NQO2−/− mice tumors demonstrated proliferative activity. The treatment of NQO2−/− mice skin with benzo(a)pyrene failed to significantly increase tumor suppressor protein p53 and p53-regulated growth-related protein p21 and proapoptotic protein Bax as observed in case of wild-type mice. These results demonstrate that NQO2 protects against DMBA- and benzo(a)pyrene-induced skin carcinogenesis and suggest that NQO2 protection might be against tumor promotion. The results also suggest that lack of induction of p53, p21, and Bax proteins might contribute to increased sensitivity of NQO2−/− mice skin to benzo(a)pyrene carcinogenicity.
Rapamycin extends murine lifespan but has limited effects on aging
Authors: Frauke Neff, Diana Flores-Dominguez, Devon P. Ryan, Marion Horsch, Susanne Schröder, Thure Adler, Luciana Caminha Afonso, Juan Antonio Aguilar-Pimentel, Lore Becker, Lillian Garrett, Wolfgang Hans, Moritz M. Hettich, Richard Holtmeier, Sabine M. Hölter, Kristin Moreth, Cornelia Prehn, Oliver Puk, Ildikó Rácz, Birgit Rathkolb, Jan Rozman, Beatrix Naton, Rainer Ordemann, Jerzy Adamski, Johannes Beckers, Raffi Bekeredjian, Dirk H. Busch, Gerhard Ehninger, Jochen Graw, Heinz Höfler, Martin Klingenspor, Thomas Klopstock, Markus Ollert, Jörg Stypmann, Eckhard Wolf, Wolfgang Wurst, Andreas Zimmer, Helmut Fuchs, Valérie Gailus-Durner, Martin Hrabe de Angelis, Dan Ehninger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Aging is a major risk factor for a large number of disorders and functional impairments. Therapeutic targeting of the aging process may therefore represent an innovative strategy in the quest for novel and broadly effective treatments against age-related diseases. The recent report of lifespan extension in mice treated with the FDA-approved mTOR inhibitor rapamycin represented the first demonstration of pharmacological extension of maximal lifespan in mammals. Longevity effects of rapamycin may, however, be due to rapamycin’s effects on specific life-limiting pathologies, such as cancers, and it remains unclear if this compound actually slows the rate of aging in mammals. Here, we present results from a comprehensive, large-scale assessment of a wide range of structural and functional aging phenotypes, which we performed to determine whether rapamycin slows the rate of aging in male C57BL/6J mice. While rapamycin did extend lifespan, it ameliorated few studied aging phenotypes. A subset of aging traits appeared to be rescued by rapamycin. Rapamycin, however, had similar effects on many of these traits in young animals, indicating that these effects were not due to a modulation of aging, but rather related to aging-independent drug effects. Therefore, our data largely dissociate rapamycin’s longevity effects from effects on aging itself.
Radiological Evaluation of Pulmonary Metastases
Authors: A. W. O'Malley, M. Shaw
Journal: BMJ (1973)

primigravide) one wonders how your con- tributors define toxaemia.There are several non sequiturs in the text which others among your readers will doulbt- less wish to question.I would only ask why, when they show themselves to be so progressive in their approach to the active management of labour, your contributors are so adamantly retrogressive in their attitude towards the management of pain in labour?-I am, etc.,
Failure of Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Therapy to Improve Patency of Grafts after Coronary-Artery Bypass
Authors: George A. Pantely, Scott H. Goodnight, Shahbudin H. Rahimtoola, Bradley J. Harlan, Henry DeMots, Lyle Calvin, Josef Rösch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Fifty patients who underwent aortocoronary saphenous-vein bypass-graft surgery were randomly assigned to one of three groups to determine the effects of antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy on graft patency. Twenty-four patients served as controls; 13 patients received aspirin (325 mg three times a day) and dipyridamole (75 mg three times a day); and 13 patients received closely regulated warfarin therapy. Medications were begun on the third post-operative day. Six months after surgery, all patients underwent coronary angiography to assess graft patency. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in various clinical, hemodynamic and angios, 27 of 33 grafts (82 per cent) with aspirin and dipyridamole and 29 of 37 grafts (78 per cent) with warfarin (P less than 0.5), all patients had at least one patent graft. Postoperative treatment either with aspirin and dipyridamole or with warfarin failed to improve the patency of the grafts.
Two Outbreaks of Occupationally Acquired Histoplasmosis: More than Workers at Risk
Authors: Gregory D. Huhn, Connie Austin, Mark Carr, Diana Heyer, Pam Boudreau, Glynnis Gilbert, Terry Eimen, Mark D. Lindsley, Salvatore Cali, Craig S. Conover, Mark S. Dworkin
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2005)

The objective of this study was to determine the etiology and risk factors for acute histoplasmosis in two outbreaks in Illinois among laborers at a landfill in 2001 and at a bridge reconstruction site in 2003.We performed environmental investigations during both outbreaks and also performed an analytic cohort study among bridge workers.Workers at the landfill during May 2001 and those at the bridge site during August 2003 participated in the study. At the landfill, workers moved topsoil from an area that previously housed a barn; at the bridge, workers observed bat guano on bridge beams.We defined a case by positive immunodiffusion serology, a > or = 4-fold titer rise in complement fixation between acute and convalescent sera, or positive urinary Histoplasma capsulatum (HC) antigen. Relative risks (RR) for disease among bridge workers were calculated using bivariate analysis.Eight of 11 landfill workers (73%) and 6 of 12 bridge workers (50%) were laboratory-confirmed histoplasmosis cases. Three bridge workers had positive urinary HC antigen. At the bridge, seeing or having contact with bats [RR = 7.0; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-43.0], jack-hammering (RR = 4.0; 95% CI, 1.2-13.3), and waste disposal (RR = 4.0; 95% CI, 1.2-13.3) were the most significant job-related risk factors for acquiring histoplasmosis.Workers performing activities that aerosolized topsoil and dust were at increased risk for acquiring histoplasmosis. Relevance to professional and clinical practice: Employees should wear personal protective equipment and use dust-suppression techniques when working in areas potentially contaminated with bird or bat droppings. Urinary HC antigen testing was important in rapidly identifying disease in the 2003 outbreak.
A Win–Win Approach to Financing Health Care Reform
Authors: Jonathan Gruber
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2009)

No hurdle facing health care reform in the United States today is more daunting than the problem of financing universal coverage. There is an inescapable logic of reform that lies behind the search for financing sources. First, moving to universal coverage is now widely acknowledged to require a mandate that individuals carry insurance coverage. Second, such a requirement is unacceptable without subsidies to make health insurance affordable for lower-income people. Third, these subsidies will require new financing on the order of $1 trillion or more over the next decade. How can the government finance such a sizeable new expenditure?There . . .
Professional Behavior — A Learner's Permit for Licensure
Authors: Lynne M. Kirk, Linda L. Blank
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

At probably no point in the history of modern medicine have physicians and medical educators been pulled by so many demands of accountability from such diverse constituencies. Although these demands are varied and sometimes even contradictory, all the constituencies concur that physicians must demonstrate professional behavior. In this issue of the Journal, Papadakis and colleagues1 provide evidence from three medical schools of the association between disciplinary action by state medical boards against practicing physicians and a documented lack of professional behavior (particularly, irresponsibility, diminished capacity for self-improvement, and poor initiative) when those physicians were medical students.William Sullivan of the . . .
Case of Rheumatoid Lung with Cavity Formation
Authors: L. W. Dumas, R. L. Gregory, F. L. Ozer
Journal: BMJ (1963)

Kunkler (1957), using modern E.C.G. methods, recorded four instances of changes which they accepted as radiation reactions in the heart.These were observed one to two weeks after treatment, with reversion to normal within two months.Catterall (1960) reported the persistence of E.C.G. changes for nine months after radiotherapy and concluded that this argued for organic changes in the myocardium.A contrary view was expressed by Jones and Wedgwood (1960), who studied 25 patients with carcinoma of the breast in whom a parasternal field was employed.There was evidence of pathological EGCG.change in only 16%, and they stated that these were apparently trivial, transient, and symptomless.They noted that many of the patients had previous evidence of ischaemic heart disease.Vaeth et al. (1961) reported 30% with E.C.G. changes in a group of 20 patients receiving more than 3,500 r to at least 35 % of the myocardium.
Prise de conscience par le médecin de son action psycho-thérapeutique au cours de la formation Balint
Authors: Ph. Lemoine
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1972)

After participating for three years in a heterogenous provincial Balint group, comparising specialists from various disciplines and general practitioners and led by two Parisians, the author attempts to describe the various stages in the recognition by the participants of their own psychotherapeutic action, its nature and its integration into their normal method of practice. Together or one after the other, factors such as group dynamics, the leader's ability and attitude, the Balint technique and each doctor's personal development within the group contribute to helping this recognition of his new attitude to medicine, disease and the patient.