tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neurologists Join Neurosurgeons in Urging Restraint in Parkinson's Surgery
Authors: Beverly Merz
Journal: JAMA (1989)

A SENSE OF DÉJÀ VU permeated recent sessions on brain grafts for Parkinson's disease at the American Federation for Clinical Research in Washington, DC, and the American Academy of Neurology in Chicago, as presenters offered new data while urging their colleagues to go slowly and carefully in undertaking the operation. The admonitions echoed recent warnings issued at the annual meeting of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons in Washington, DC, 2 weeks earlier, by teams who had transplanted adrenal medullary tissue into the caudate nucleus in several patients. The consensus is that while the procedure is still promising, particularly when fetal brain tissue is grafted, new side effects are continuing to emerge. At the Washington meeting, Curt Freed, MD, professor of medicine and pharmacology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, offered a note of promise. Freed reported that the first patient in the United States to receive a graft
Third trimester placental grading by ultrasonography as a test of fetal wellbeing.
Authors: J Proud, A M Grant
Journal: BMJ (1987)

In a study of 2000 unselected pregnant women the development of a mature placental appearance (grade 3) on ultrasonography by 34-36 weeks9 gestation, observed in 15% of cases, was associated with maternal smoking, low parity, low maternal age, and being white. These women had an increased risk of problems during labour and their babies had an increased risk of low birth weight, poor condition at birth, and perinatal death. The women were randomly allocated to two groups: in one group the result of the placental grading was reported to the clinician responsible for care; in the second the result was noted but not reported. There was a significant decrease in the risk of perinatal death in the group where the grading was known. This reduction was responsible for a difference in the principal outcome index, a heterogeneous group of measures of mortality and morbidity, but this difference was not significant. This study alone does not justify routine late scanning, and further, larger trials are required. Nevertheless, the results do provide a basis for the reporting of placental grading when ultrasound examination is performed during the third trimester.
Nonredundant role of CCRL2 in lung dendritic cell trafficking
Authors: Karel Otero, Annunciata Vecchi, Emilio Hirsch, Jennifer Kearley, William Vermi, Annalisa Del Prete, Safiyè Gonzalvo-Feo, Cecilia Garlanda, Ornella Azzolino, Laura Salogni, Clare M. Lloyd, Fabio Facchetti, Alberto Mantovani, Silvano Sozzani
Journal: Blood (2010)
Hereditary Nonspherocytic Hemolytic Anemia with Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency.
Authors: K. R. Tanaka
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963Hereditary Nonspherocytic Hemolytic Anemia with Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency.K. R. Tanaka, M.D. (Associate), W. N. Valentine, M.D., F.A.C.P., A. S. Schneider, M.D.K. R. Tanaka, M.D. (Associate)Search for more papers by this author, W. N. Valentine, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, A. S. Schneider, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-732_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn recent years, biochemical studies have enabled a better delineation of the hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemias. Nine patients (5 males and 4 females, aged 1 to 39 years), corresponding in all major respects to those classified as Type II by Selwyn and Dacie, have been studied. These patients have a Coombs-negative, nonspherocytic, hemolytic anemia of variable degree. Their red cells exhibit increased autohemolysis, not correctible (or only partially correctible) by administration of glucose, but correctible by administration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The age of apparent onset, clinical severity, and transfusion requirements vary considerably. Splenectomy in 4 patients has not... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: K. R. Tanaka, M.D. (Associate); W. N. Valentine, M.D., F.A.C.P.; A. S. Schneider, M.D.Affiliations: Los Angeles, Calif. (CI) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPurification of human erythrocyte pyruvate kinase 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 732-732KeywordsAdenosine triphosphateCellsGlucoseHemolytic anemiaPyruvateSplenectomy ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF downloadLoading ...
Infections of the Ear
Authors: C. M. Johnston
Journal: BMJ (1960)

MEDIA AND MASTOIDITISThe introduction of a widening range of antibiotics in the past fifteen years has profoundly altered the treatment of acute otitis media, greatly altered the need for surgery, and diminished the incidence of intracranial spread of infection and permanent deafness.It is also agreed that the virulence of otitic infections has under- gone a change, so that to-day we do not see some of the devastating infections prevalent years ago.During this time there has also been a realization of the dangers of antibiotic therapy, and, while the need for early treatment in adequate dosage and the continued necessity for surgical drainage of pus is now widely known, the delayed effects in causing deafness and cholesteatomaare not yet generally realized or accepted.It is easy to place too much reliance on drugs and to delay surgery; this is dangerous, because it ignores basic surgical principles and may lead to catastrophe.The indications for advising surgical intervention may be slight and often require more judgment and experience than was formerly the case.Acute-aural infections may be caused by a variety of organisms whose identity cannot be determined by the clinical features alone.Moreover, the bacteriology may from time to time present considerable variation, not only in the type of infecting organism but in the virulence and drug resistance of a particular organism.Thus Hodgkin (1957) found that more than half (in winter, more than two-thirds) of his cases of acute suppurative otitis media were due to Streptococcus pyogenes, butFriedmann (1954) a few years earlier found this organism to be responsible in less than a quarter of his cases.
Surveillance of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Authors: Michael A. W. Hattwick
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) accounts for more than 90% of the reported cases of rickettsial disease in the United States and is the only rickettsial disease still having serious mortality.<sup>1-3</sup>A dramatic decrease in reported cases of RMSF following introduction of specific chemotherapy in the mid 1940s prompted hope that this disease would cease to be a major public health problem; however, since 1960, the reported morbidity and mortality of RMSF has been increasing,<sup>1,2</sup>particularly in the southeastern United States. In 1970, the Center for Disease Control initiated a surveillance program to define the epidemiologic and clinical features of this resurgence of RMSF. An analysis of the data obtained for 1970 and 1971 is presented here. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> Annual reporting of the number of cases of RMSF by state health departments has existed since 1920. These data are summarized annually by the Center for Disease Control and
Obstetric anaesthetic services in the Yorkshire region.
Authors: R MacDonald, D C Webster
Journal: BMJ (1986)

A survey of obstetric anaesthetic services in the Yorkshire region, where about 44,500 deliveries take place annually, showed that inadequacies exist in the service to patients. A 24 hour epidural service is available in only nine of 19 consultant units, and in about seven units patients may have to wait up to half an hour for an anaesthetist to be available for an obstetric emergency. Additional consultant anaesthetic sessions are urgently required as well as centralisation of some units.
Studies of liver repopulation using the dipeptidyl peptidase IV-deficient rat and other rodent recipients: Cell size and structure relationships regulate capacity for increased transplanted hepatocyte mass in the liver lobule
Authors: P Rajvanshi, A Kerr, K K Bhargava, R D Burk, S Gupta
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

The feasibility of liver repopulation with hepatocytes has been shown, although clinical applications demand significant hepatic replacement. To show whether portal vascular bed in large animals could accomodate a greater cell number, we analyzed liver repopulation in syngeneic Fischer 344 rats deficient in dipeptidyl peptidase IV. This system allowed localization of transplanted normal hepatocytes in liver or various ectopic sites, as well as dual studies for analysis of gene expression. Interestingly, the product of a dipeptidyl peptidase IV substrate inactivated bile canalicular adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity in normal but not in dipeptidyl peptidase IV- deficient rats, which allowed localization of dipeptidyl peptidase IV- deficient hepatocytes in normal rat liver for additional reversed transplantation systems. Further studies with genetically marked cells showed that because of the size difference between hepatocytes and portal vein radicles, intrasplenically transplanted cells were distributed in periportal areas (zone 1) in mice, whereas in larger animals (rats or rabbits) cells were also distributed downstream to midlobular (zone 2) or perivenous (zone 3) areas. Transplantation of an escalating number of hepatocytes showed that adult rats tolerated intrasplenic injection of a large cell number in single sessions (up to 1 × 10 8 , ˜ 10% to 15% of the host hepatocyte mass). Morphometric analysis of recipient livers showed survival of a significantly greater cell number with incorporation in host liver plates. At 4 weeks, transplantation of 2 × 10 7 hepatocytes into adult rats led to a survival of 1.4 ± 1.0 × 10 6 transplanted cells/cm3 liver, whereas after transplantation of 5 × 10 7 cells or 7.5 × 10 7 cells, the number of surviving transplanted cells in the liver significantly increased to 4.1 ± 1.4 × 10 6 transplanted cells/cm3 liver (mean, 2.9-fold; P&lt;.003) and 5.5 ± 1.3 × 10 6 transplanted cells/cm3 liver (mean, 3.9-fold; P &lt;.003), respectively. When cells were injected in greater numbers, transplanted hepatocytes retained normal function and produced more serum albumin or hepatitis B surface antigen in deficient hosts. These data indicate the feasibility in larger animals of significant liver repopulation with hepatocyte transplantation. Use of dipeptidyl peptidase IV-deficient rats should help further analysis of mechanisms in liver repopulation.
Medical abortion for adolescents
Authors: D. A. Grimes, E. G. Raymond
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Seems to be as effective and safe as in older women

Decades of experience have established that surgical abortion is safe for adolescent women.1 Because young women are generally healthier and have less comorbidity than adults, they fare better. However, few studies have specifically assessed the risks of medical abortion in adolescents. In the linked retrospective cohort study (doi:10.1136/bmj.d2111), Niinimaki and colleagues assessed outcomes in 3024 adolescent women and 24 006 adults who underwent medical abortion between 2000 and 2006.2 

The development of modern methods for medical abortion began in the 1970s.3 Initial approaches used prostaglandins alone. When given at any point in pregnancy, prostaglandins induce uterine contractions that can lead to expulsion of the embryo or fetus. However, the effectiveness of medical abortion with early prostaglandin compounds alone was suboptimal. Moreover, gastrointestinal side effects limited their acceptability.

Medical abortion improved in the 1980s with the development of …
Studying lung cancer in the laboratory: 1--Development of model systems.
Authors: R J Fergusson, J F Smyth
Journal: Thorax (1987)

Croissance du cancer pulmonaire in vitro (cultures sur agar, croissance de lignees cellulaires continues) croissance du cancer pulmonaire in vivo (types d'hote immunodeficient, caracteristiques de xenogreffes de cancer pulmonaire)
Nerve Growth Factor Receptor-Mediated Gene Transfer
Authors: Nan Ma, Shan Shan Wu, Yue Xia Ma, Xu Wang, Jieming Zeng, Guping Tong, Yan Huang, Shu Wang
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2003)

One obstacle to effective gene therapies for neurological disorders lies in the cell-type diversity of the nervous system, making it difficult to direct gene delivery vectors to specific types of cells. To meet this challenge, we have developed a recombinant peptide-based gene delivery vector that targets nerve growth factor (NGF) receptors. The peptide comprises a cell-targeting domain derived from the NGF hairpin motif containing loops 1 and 2 linked to a DNA-binding domain composed of SPKR repeats. In PC12 cells, it activated the high-affinity NGF receptor, TrkA, and displayed NGF-like bioactivity by promoting neurite outgrowth and cell survival after serum deprivation. When combined with a low molecular weight of polyethylenimine (PEI), the peptide condensed plasmid DNA into nanoparticles that efficiently transferred exogenous genes into PC12 cells, enhancing reporter gene expression 5600-fold over peptide-free DNA/PEI complexes. Co-incubation with free NGF inhibited this effect. Furthermore, the peptide enhanced gene expression in NGF-receptor-rich rat primary cortex neurons but not glial cells. An in vivo experiment targeting TrkA-expressing dorsal root ganglia demonstrated that the peptide-containing complexes were 9- to 14-fold more efficient in transfection than controls. These properties make the chimeric peptide a promising gene delivery vector for targeting specific subtypes of neurons.
Treating Shiga toxin induced haemolytic uraemic syndrome
Authors: F. Artunc
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Clinical lessons from a recent outbreak of Escherichia coli O104:H4 in Germany

Shiga toxin induced haemolytic uraemic syndrome occurs in a minority of patients after infection with enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli or Shigella spp. It is characterised by thrombotic microangiopathy and renal failure, which are attributed to toxic effects of Shiga toxin on systemic and renal microcirculation. The pathogen is commonly part of the intestinal flora of cattle and is transmitted by contaminated food. Worldwide, the most common strain is E coli O157:H7, which causes the syndrome mainly in young children.1 Prognosis is good and treatment is mainly supportive, because no treatment has been proved to be effective and the use of antibiotics or plasmapheresis is controversial.2

In a linked research paper (doi:10.1136/bmj.e4565), Menne and colleagues present data on the effects of various treatments on the course of Shiga toxin induced haemolytic uraemic syndrome in a cohort of 298 patients treated at 23 German hospitals.3 In 2011, Germany experienced the largest reported outbreak of Shiga toxin induced haemolytic uraemic syndrome, which affected 855 of the 3842 people who had been infected with enterohaemorrhagic E coli from contaminated fenugreek …
Current Problems in Neuropsychiatry: Schizophrenia, Epilepsy, the Temporal Lobe
Authors: Louis D. Boshes
Journal: JAMA (1971)

The temporal lobe has always been an enigma. Much has been written on this mysterious area in the brain and many functions have been ascribed to it in both health and in illness. But, as seen in the newer studies of other divisions of the brain, the story of the temporal lobe is just begun. When the Glasgow Postgraduate Medical Board planned a series of conferences and symposia, one meeting was considered for a new look at the borderline between neurology and psychiatry. Temporal lobe epilepsy could serve as such an example because of the interdisciplinary approach to this problem. In March 1968, such a conference was held in the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow. Twenty-one essayists including neurologists, neurophysiologists, neuropathologists, psychiatrists, anatomists, psychologists, and even sociologists, presented a wealth of current basic research material. The essays, the discussions, the comments were molded by Dr. Herrington in
Direct physical interaction involving CD40 ligand on T cells and CD40 on B cells is required to propagate MMTV
Authors: Alexander V. Chervonsky, Jianchao Xu, Avlin K. Barlow, Marilyn Khery, Richard A. Flavell, Charles A. Janeway
Journal: Immunity (1995)

The propagation of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) has been analyzed in mice defective for expression of CD40 ligand (CD40L). Mice with endogenous viral superantigen (SAG) delete T cells with cognate V beta independent of CD40L expression. Nevertheless, CD40L-mice do not show deletion of cognate T cells after being exposed to infectious MMTV and have greatly diminished viral replication. The response of CD40L- T cells to SAG in vitro is also impaired, but can be reconstituted by adding B cells activated by recombinant CD40L to express costimulatory molecules. Thus, direct CD40L-dependent B cell activation appears to be a critical step in the life cycle of MMTV. The initial step in SAG-dependent T cell activation, and hence the MMTV life cycle, may be mediated by non-B cells, because splenocytes from B cell-deficient SAG-transgenic mice are able to activate cognate T cells.
Comparative Oncogenomics Identifies PSMB4 and SHMT2 as Potential Cancer Driver Genes
Authors: Genee Y. Lee, Peter M. Haverty, Li Li, Noelyn M. Kljavin, Richard Bourgon, James Lee, Howard Stern, Zora Modrusan, Somasekar Seshagiri, Zemin Zhang, David Davis, David Stokoe, Jeffrey Settleman, Frederic J. de Sauvage, Richard M. Neve
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Cancer genomes maintain a complex array of somatic alterations required for maintenance and progression of the disease, posing a challenge to identify driver genes among this genetic disorder. Toward this end, we mapped regions of recurrent amplification in a large collection (n=392) of primary human cancers and selected 620 genes whose expression is elevated in tumors. An RNAi loss-of-function screen targeting these genes across a panel of 32 cancer cell lines identified potential driver genes. Subsequent functional assays identified SHMT2, a key enzyme in the serine/glycine synthesis pathway, as necessary for tumor cell survival but insufficient for transformation. The 26S proteasomal subunit, PSMB4, was identified as the first proteasomal subunit with oncogenic properties promoting cancer cell survival and tumor growth in vivo. Elevated expression of SHMT2 and PSMB4 was found to be associated with poor prognosis in human cancer, supporting the development of molecular therapies targeting these genes or components of their pathways.
Changing the Number of Surgeons
Authors: Bernard S. Bloom, Osler L. Peterson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

The generally expansionist policies for physician manpower heretofore recommended by medical-manpower commissions and implemented by medical schools, legislatures, and Congress have had serious, unintended effects on access to primary care, on cost, on expansion of specialties, and on the geographic distribution of physicians.1 This is especially clear in surgery. Recent studies have shown that physicians who perform operations vary in training, degree of specialization, and surgical experience.2 , 3 They have low mean operative workloads, relatively short workweeks, and high incomes relative to other physicians.2 3 4 This situation leads to the obvious conclusion that too many physicians practice surgery. In addition, the number . . .
Evidence based bloodletting
Authors: M. Crilly
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Objective To report our experience transitioning a pre-clinical neurology medical school curriculum from a lecture-based to an active learning-based format. Background Active learning is an educational model which accentuates student engagement and collaboration. While active learning has been the basis of clinical training, the focus of preclinical medical education has traditionally centered on group lectures. Neurologist educators have been urged to shift emphasis on teaching towards problem-based learning. We describe our experience implementing a transition to an active learning model. Design/methods Between 2010-2011 and 2011-2012, the preclinical neurology curriculum converted from traditional lectures to an active learning format. The neurology curriculum was divided into eleven four-hour blocks. Each block focused on a particular subtopic of neurology. Each block was preceded by a reading assignment and class time including group-response activity testing in which teams of 4-5 students worked collaboratively to answer case-based questions. This was followed by class discussion and a one hour traditional pathology lecture. Results Our preclinical neurology curriculum transitioned from traditional lecture to an active learning model. The student course pass rate did not decrease after the transition. USMLE step I neuroscience performance did not change significantly after the transition, but overall mean scores on the USMLE step I increased. Over 75% of the 35 students responding to an anonymous poll reported gaining more from the active learning format compared to traditional lectures. 60% of students felt a comfort level with active learning needed 2-3 weeks to occur. Conclusions Active learning replaced traditional lecture-based learning for our US medical school preclinical neurology course. This transition occurred without a decrease in student pass rate or USMLE Step I scores, and was met with positive reviews from medical students. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Pula has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nixon has nothing to disclose. Dr. Aiyer has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kattah has received personal compensation for activities with Pfizer, Inc. as a consultant.
Synopsis of Pediatrics
Authors: Hugh A. Carithers
Journal: JAMA (1985)

New editions of this superb book, the best abbreviated textbook on pediatrics, have appeared at approximately four-year intervals for the last 20 years. Its popularity is deserved. It meets the need of many physicians for an up-to-date book that encompasses the essentials of a major branch of medicine in a concise manner with less detail than in standard textbooks.  The book is based on sound pathophysiological principles and therapeutic advice and is much more than a cookbook type. This edition contains 100 more pages than the last and includes five new chapters:  Intensive Care,  Urology,  Dermatology,  Otolaryngology, and Laboratory Values—The Pediatric Range. The last of the five is particularly well compiled and is an excellent reference for physicians outside the field of pediatrics as well as for pediatricians. The chapter on dermatology is well written and illustrated but necessarily incomplete, since it consists of only 21
Practice Policies—Guidelines for Methods
Authors: David M. Eddy
Journal: JAMA (1990)

YOUR OFFICE, 10:35 AM Your investment counselor calls you up. "Boy, have I got a deal for you. We're opening up a limited partnership to develop some property in the Midwest. The price is $50 000 a unit. Can I sign you up?" "Sounds exciting. Send me the business plan." "We don't have one." Click. WASHINGTON, DC, 1:30 PM The senator knocks the table with her gavel. "Will the hearing please come to order. Thank you very much, Dr Evans, for agreeing to appear before our committee to help us with this most important social problem. We understand that your organization has recently issued guidelines for the prevention of egophilia. We would be most appreciative if you could provide us with the results of your study." "Thank you, senator. The organization I represent is composed of the great majority of the practitioners in this field. As you know, egophilia is