tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THU0423 Immobilization Simulating Weightlessness Affects Immunological Parameters
Authors: P. Hoff, D. L. Belavý, D. Huscher, M. Hahne, A. K. Kuhlmey, P. Maschmeyer, G. Armbrecht, R. Fitzner, F. H. Perschel, T. Gaber, G. R. Burmester, R. H. Straub, D. Felsenberg, F. Buttgereit
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Exercise has a wide variety of beneficial health effects. It stimulates bone formation and maintains bone strength as well as decreases the risk of falls. Moreover, exercise at regular intervals is also assumed to positively affect immune functions. Conversely, in more than 50% of the astronauts during/after space flight and under simulated weightlessness immune functions are suppressed. <h3>Objectives</h3> To assess the effects of simulated weightlessness during the 2<sup>nd</sup> Berlin BedRest Study (BBR-2) on immunological parameters. Furthermore, to compare the effects of two different exercise performances (resistive vibration exercise and resistance exercise without vibration). <h3>Methods</h3> 24 physically and mentally healthy male volunteers (20-45y) experienced 60-days of six degree head down tilt bed rest. They were randomized to 3 groups: resistive vibration exercise (n=7), resistance exercise without vibration (n=8), inactive controls (n=9). Blood samples were taken 2 days before bed rest, on day 19 and 60 after beginning of bed rest. Composition of immune cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. Cytokines and neuroendocrinologic parameters were analyzed by a multiplex suspension array/ ELISA in plasma. General changes over time were identified by paired t-test, exercise-dependent effects by 2-group repeated measurements ANOVA. <h3>Results</h3> For all cases pooled, the number of granulocytes (p&lt;0.05), NKT cells (p&lt;0.01) and hematopoietic stem cells (p&lt;0.01) increased during the study; the concentrations of DHEA (p&lt;0.01) and Eotaxin (p&lt;0.05) decreased. Different impacts of the specific types of exercise on the change over time were shown for lymphocytes, NK cells, NKT cells, T-cell subpopulations and the concentrations of IP-10 and RANTES. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We found immobilization/ simulated weightlessness to significantly impact immune cell populations, and cytokine and neuroendocrine factor concentrations. Exercise was able to specifically influence immunologic parameters. Interestingly, these changes resemble those found during the aging process. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Cost of prescribing.
Authors: A R Dewsbury
Journal: BMJ (1977)

We conclude that the factors likely to predispose an individual towards an adverse response are (a) genetic, (b) underlying immunopathological conditions, (c) frequency of exposure to a particular drug, and (d) various combinations of these.Genetic factors include both IgE (atopy) and comp- lement anomalies.Immunopathological con- ditions involving circulatory immune com- plexes, such as chronic infection, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis, may "prime" complement systems, making them susceptible to activation by intravenous drugs.Adverse response can thus be attributed to a range of mechanisms and predisposing factors and no intravenous drug can be considered entirely safe.
Regional lung function in asbestos workers.
Authors: D Seaton
Journal: Thorax (1977)

Regional lung function was measured using radioactive xenon-133 in a group of normal subjects and in two groups of asbestos workers. When compared with the normal group, patients with pulmonary asbestosis showed impaired ventilation of the lower zones. Subjects with calcified pleural plaques without radiological evidence of lung parenchymal fibrosis did not show this abnormality.
Early temperature and mortality in critically ill patients with acute neurological diseases: trauma and stroke differ from infection
Authors: Manoj Saxena, Paul Young, David Pilcher, Michael Bailey, David Harrison, Rinaldo Bellomo, Simon Finfer, Richard Beasley, Jonathan Hyam, David Menon, Kathryn Rowan, John Myburgh
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2015)

Fever suppression may be beneficial for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke, but for patients with meningitis or encephalitis [central nervous system (CNS) infection], the febrile response may be advantageous. To evaluate the relationship between peak temperature in the first 24 h of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and all-cause hospital mortality for acute neurological diseases. Retrospective cohort design from 2005 to 2013, including 934,159 admissions to 148 ICUs in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) and 908,775 admissions to 236 ICUs in the UK. There were 53,942 (5.8 %) patients in ANZ and 56,696 (6.2 %) patients in the UK with a diagnosis of TBI, stroke or CNS infection. For both the ANZ (P = 0.02) and UK (P < 0.0001) cohorts there was a significant interaction between early peak temperature and CNS infection, indicating that the nature of the relationship between in-hospital mortality and peak temperature differed between TBI/stroke and CNS infection. For patients with CNS infection, elevated peak temperature was not associated with an increased risk of death, relative to the risk at 37–37.4 °C (normothermia). For patients with stroke and TBI, peak temperature below 37 °C and above 39 °C was associated with an increased risk of death, compared to normothermia. The relationship between peak temperature in the first 24 h after ICU admission and in-hospital mortality differs for TBI/stroke compared to CNS infection. For CNS infection, increased temperature is not associated with increased risk of death.
P53 Impairs Endothelium-Dependent Vasomotor Function Through Transcriptional Upregulation of P66shc
Authors: Cuk-Seong Kim, Saet-Byel Jung, Asma Naqvi, Timothy A. Hoffman, Jeremy DeRicco, Tohru Yamamori, Marsha P. Cole, Byeong-Hwa Jeon, Kaikobad Irani
Journal: Circulation Research (2008)

The transcription factor, p53, and the adaptor protein, p66shc, both play essential roles in promoting oxidative stress in the vascular system. However, the relationship between the two in the context of endothelium-dependent vascular tone is unknown. Here, we report a novel, evolutionarily conserved, p53-mediated transcriptional mechanism that regulates p66shc expression and identify p53 as an important determinant of endothelium-dependent vasomotor function. We provide evidence of a p53 response element in the promoter of p66shc and show that angiotensin II-induced upregulation of p66shc in endothelial cells is dependent on p53. In addition, we demonstrate that downregulation of p66shc expression, as well as inhibition of p53 function in mice, mitigates angiotensin II-induced impairment of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, decrease in bioavailable nitric oxide, and hypertension. These findings reveal a novel p53-dependent transcriptional mechanism for the regulation of p66shc expression that is operative in the vascular endothelium and suggest that this mechanism is important in impairing endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation.
PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ON A CASE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL ALBUMINURIA
Authors: Torald Sollmann, E. C. McComb
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1898)

1. The proteids consisted of albumins and globulins, varying in quantity between the extremes of .9010 grm. and .2592 grm. in the 24 hours, but usually between .7 and .37 grm., the average being .5317 grm. 2. The quantity of the proteids varies directly as the urea, inversely as the external temperature. The relation between the quantity of urine and the quantity of proteid is not constant. The quantity of the proteida is little affected by diuretics; it tends to be increased by certain drugs that act upon the circulation. It is lessened during sleep. It is apt to suffer a sudden temporary increase, returning as suddenly to the usual average. For this phenomenon we have no explanation. 3. From .5449 to .6616 grm. of coagulable proteids a day (.0079 to .0094 grm. per kilo of body-weight) may be excreted through the urine for an indefinite time by an otherwise healthy individual without damage to either kidneys or organism.
Royal College of Physicians and fluoridation.
Authors: R V Mummery
Journal: BMJ (1977)

A zero value had been found in all cases before tamoxifen treatment, but after tamoxifen the index regularly increased to values between 10 and 300%, reaching 500% or more in four cases and 800 in one.This effect has not previously been described in humans.The smears returned to an atrophic pattern within two months after tamoxifen withdrawal.
1014-214 The influence of duration of atrial fibrillation on maintenance of sinus rhythm by angiotensin II modulators after electrical cardioversion
Authors: Yasuyuki Egami, Masami Nishino, Takahito Tamai, Tamaki Itakura, Shinichiro Suna, Isao Kondo, Ryu Shutta, Kenjiro Tanaka, Takayoshi Adachi, Hideo Tanahashi, Jun Tanouchi, Yoshio Yamada
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Faecal tritium excretion after intravenous administration of 3H-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in control subjects and in patients with malabsorption.
Authors: J E Compston, A L Merrett, J E Ledger, B Creamer
Journal: Gut (1982)

Faecal tritium excretion after intravenous 3H-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 administration was measured in three control subjects and in six patients with small intestine resection or bypass. The mean daily faecal tritium excretion over four to six days ranged from 0.8-1.6% of the injected dose in the controls (mean 1.2) and 0.9-6.8% in the patients (mean 3.7). There was a significant positive correlation between stool volume and the mean daily faecal tritium excretion. No correlation was found between the faecal tritium excretion and the plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration. Between 2.5 and 19.0% of faecal radioactivity eluted as 3H-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on silicic acid chromatography. We conclude that faecal loss of endogenous 25-hydroxyvitamin D may be increased after small intestinal resection or bypass. Although the amount lost by this route is relatively small, it may contribute to the development of vitamin D deficiency in patients with malabsorption when endogenous vitamin D3 synthesis is also reduced.
Computer-Assisted Screening for Intimate Partner Violence and Control
Authors: Farah Ahmad, Sheilah Hogg-Johnson, Donna E. Stewart, Harvey A. Skinner, Richard H. Glazier, Wendy Levinson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Background: Intimate partner violence and control (IPVC) is prevalent and can be a serious health risk to women. Objective: To assess whether computer-assisted screening can improve detection of women at risk for IPVC in a family practice setting. Design: Randomized trial. Randomization was computer-generated. Allocation was concealed by using opaque envelopes that recruiters opened after patient consent. Patients and providers, but not outcome assessors, were blinded to the study intervention. Setting: An urban, academic, hospital-affiliated family practice clinic in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Participants: Adult women in a current or recent relationship. Intervention: Computer-based multirisk assessment report attached to the medical chart. The report was generated from information provided by participants before the physician visit (n = 144). Control participants received standard medical care (n = 149). Measurements: Initiation of discussion about risk for IPVC (discussion opportunity) and detection of women at risk based on review of audiotaped medical visits. Results: The overall prevalence of any type of violence or control was 22% (95% CI, 17% to 27%). In adjusted analyses based on complete cases (n = 282), the intervention increased opportunities to discuss IPVC (adjusted relative risk, 1.4 [CI, 1.1 to 1.9]) and increased detection of IPVC (adjusted relative risk, 2.0 [CI, 0.9 to 4.1]). Participants recognized the benefits of computer screening but had some concerns about privacy and interference with physician interactions. Limitation: The study was done at 1 clinic, and no measures of women's use of services or health outcomes were used. Conclusion: Computer screening effectively detected IPVC in a busy family medicine practice, and it was acceptable to patients. Primary Funding Source: Canadian Institutes of Health Research and Ontario Women's Health Council.
DO ALL PATIENTS WITH NON VALVULAR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND A CHADS2 SCORING SYSTEM = 1 PATIENTS HAVE THE SAME RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS : THE EASTERN-PARIS COHORT-STUDY OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION ?
Authors: Stephane Ederhy, Louise Boyer-Chatenet, Sylvie LAng, Ghislaine Dufaitre, Catherine Meuleman, Nabila Haddour, Emmanuelle Berthelot, Fanny Douna, Nadia Aissaoui, Franck Boccara, Emmanuel Di Angelantonio, Ariel Cohen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Fate of Mallory body-containing hepatocytes: Disappearance of Mallory bodies and restoration of the hepatocytic intermediate filament cytoskeleton after drug withdrawal in the griseofulvin-treated mouse
Authors: Kurt Zatloukal, Gerlinde Spurej, Ingrid Rainer, Elisabeth Lackinger, Helmut Denk
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Mallory bodies are characteristic morphological features of alcoholic hepatitis in man and can be produced in the mouse by chronic griseofulvin intoxication. The appearance of Mallory bodies in hepatocytes is associated with derangement of the cytokeratin intermediate filament cytoskeleton, at least as revealed by immunofluorescence and suggested by immunoelectron microscopy. Immunohistochemical studies were performed to answer the question whether Mallory body formation and cytoskeleton alterations finally lead to cell death or are reversible phenomena. Chronically griseofulvin-intoxicated mice killed at different stages of recovery on a normal diet served as experimental animals. It could be shown that (a) Mallory bodies are very durable structures and are found for up to 6 mo after griseofulvin withdrawal as a result of persistence and neoformation; (b) new Mallory bodies can appear even several months after cessation of griseofulvin feeding; (c) Mallory body formation and cytoskeletal changes by themselves do not lead to irreversible cell damage; (d) the cytoskeletal changes are reversible within 7 mo after griseofulvin withdrawal; (e) a dissociation between disappearance of Mallory bodies and restoration of a regularly immunostained cytoplasmic cytokeratin meshwork is observed.
Production of autoreactive I region-restricted T cell hybridomas.
Authors: L H Glimcher, E M Shevach
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

We produced autoreactive T cell hybridomas that can be induced to secrete interleukin 2 by co-culture with either syngeneic splenic stimulator cells or syngeneic Ia-positive B cell-B lymphoma hybridomas. These autoreactive hybridomas arose from the fusion of pork insulin-primed lymph node T cells with the AKR thymoma BW 5147 and occurred at a higher frequency than the expected insulin-specific hybridomas. Mapping studies using recombinant strains and blocking studies using monoclonal anti-Ia antibodies localized the stimulatory determinant to the I-Ad subregion of the major histocompatibility complex. These T cell hybridomas did not appear to be directed at any foreign antigen present in the culture system because activation occurred in serum-free, insulin-free medium (Iscove's medium). Such hybridomas should prove to be a potent tool in studying the biologic significance and function of the autoreactive response.
Venous Catheter Replacement Techniques
Authors: O. F. Gabriele
Journal: JAMA (1970)

To the Editor.—  Patients referred to the Radiology Department for an emergency angiogram for detection of pulmonary emboli, pericardial fluid, etc, often have a venous infusion or a central venous pressure catheter in place. In many instances, in particular with the presence of a central venus pressure catheter, it has been possible to use the existing venous route by catheter replacement technique in order to insert catheters of appropriate size and characteristics for pressure injection. A description of a transfer of a central venous pressure catheter follows:  The catheter insertion site is cleaned with iodine and alcohol, and the catheter is taped in position near the site of insertion with a sterile bandage. The excess catheter is cut distal to the tape and a flexible tip guidewire is inserted through the indwelling catheter. Either a 0.025-inch or 0.035-inch diameter guidewire is used, depending on the caliber of the indwelling catheter.
Progress in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Donald B. Calne
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1984)

Over the past few years important advances have taken place in the study of Parkinson's disease. Etiologic factors have been identified, new concepts and techniques have been applied to pharmacology, and innovative approaches have been adopted to elucidate problems in management.The search for the cause of parkinsonism has been initiated from several directions. The very low concordance rate of Parkinson's disease in twins has directed attention to environmental risk factors during adult life.1 Langston et al.2 demonstrated that a potent toxic agent, which can induce severe and prolonged parkinsonism, may gain access to the brain by accidental exposure, without . . .
A Comparative Study of the Oxygen Analysis, Double Catheter Dye Solution, and Hydrogen Platinum Techniques in Detecting Cardiovascular Shunts.
Authors: A. L. Hyman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1962)

s1 April 1962A Comparative Study of the Oxygen Analysis, Double Catheter Dye Solution, and Hydrogen Platinum Techniques in Detecting Cardiovascular Shunts.A. L. Hyman, M.D., F.A.C.P., W. Myers, M.D., K. Hyatt, M.D.A. L. Hyman, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, W. Myers, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, K. Hyatt, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-56-4-668_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptAdvances in cardiovascular surgery have indicated the necessity for precise identification of cardiovascular shunts. Inadequacies of the oxygen method for catheterization have led to incomplete surgical correction, or even to needless thoracotomy.In 117 patients with actual or suspected shunts, catheterization was performed, using the oxygen method, together with the double catheter dye dilution, hydrogen-platinum method, or both. A step-up of 2.5 vol/100 ml between the cava and atrium, 1 vol/100 ml between atrium and ventricle, or 0.5 vol/100 ml between ventricle and pulmonary artery was required to indicate arteriovenous shunting by oxygen method. Intrathoracic detection of shunted indicator-labelled blood... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: A. L. Hyman, M.D., F.A.C.P.; W. Myers, M.D.; K. Hyatt, M.D.Affiliations: New Orleans, La. (CI) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1962Volume 56, Issue 4Page: 668-669KeywordsBloodCatheterizationCathetersOxygenPulmonary arteriesSurgeryThoracotomy ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1962 PDF downloadLoading ...
Faecal sulphatase in health and in inflammatory bowel disease.
Authors: J M Rhodes, R Gallimore, E Elias, J F Kennedy
Journal: Gut (1985)

Histochemical studies have shown a relative depletion of colonic sulphated mucins (sulphomucins) in active ulcerative colitis. One possible explanation for this could be desulphation by bacterial sulphatases. Studies have therefore been done to determine whether normal faeces contain sulphatase and if so to determine whether this activity is increased in ulcerative colitis. Using a fluorimetric assay considerable sulphatase activity (greater than 0.3 IU/g pellet weight) was found in bacteria free filtrates of the homogenates of nine of 17 faecal samples from healthy controls. This sulphatase activity had an alkaline pH optimum (pH 8.5-9.5). A similar range of faecal sulphatase activity with a similar pH optimum was found in samples from patients with ulcerative colitis (n = 39) and Crohn9s disease (n = 17) and there was no correlation with disease activity in either disease. This faecal sulphatase activity may be involved in the degradation of colonic mucus and merits further study but these findings do not explain the relative depletion of colonic mucosal sulphomucins in ulcerative colitis.
Evidence for Multiple Genetic Susceptibility Loci for Asthma
Authors: EUGENE R. BLEECKER, DIRKJE S. POSTMA, DEBORAH A. MEYERS
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

Genetic susceptibility to asthma is due to multiple genes that interact with each other and the environment. There are many known environmental influences, such as viral and other respiratory infections and exposure to allergens, air pollutants, and active or passive cigarette smoke (1). Genome-wide screens for asthma and atopy have been completed and show statistical evidence for linkage in different racial groups and population samples (4, 5). Some of these linkages have already been replicated in different studies, and most of them are in chromosomal regions containing relevant candidate genes that may regulate inflammatory processes including cytokine synthesis, T-cell responses, or other immune functions. These associations support the relevance of this genetic approach in understanding susceptibility to and expression of asthmatic and allergic phenotypes. Once specific sequence variants are identified, it will become important to test for gene-environment interaction in order to understand the significance and relative effect of each gene on the overall phenotype. Bleecker ER, Postma DS, Meyers DA. Evidence for multiple genetic susceptibility loci for asthma.