tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Atrial fibrillation in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: incidence after surgical ablation of the accessory pathway.
Authors: A D Sharma, G J Klein, G M Guiraudon, S Milstein
Journal: Circulation (1985)

The effect of surgical ablation of ablation of atrioventricular accessory pathways on the incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome was examined and the results of preoperative electrophysiologic testing were studied to determine factors predictive of outcome. Among 50 consecutive surgical cases, 19 patients were identified with a past history of at least one episode of spontaneous atrial fibrillation documented by electrocardiogram before surgery. The mean number of episodes of atrial fibrillation was 1.97/patient/year during a mean symptomatic period of 6.9 years before surgery. These patients were compared with 19 consecutive patients undergoing surgery during the same time period who had a history of only reciprocating tachycardia. Patients with atrial fibrillation had a significantly shorter antegrade accessory pathway effective refractory period (270 +/- 39 vs 330 +/- 107 msec; p less than .05) and much faster ventricular rates during induced atrial fibrillation (shortest RR interval 219 +/- 73 vs 294 +/- 60 msec, p less than .005; average RR interval 324 +/- 109 vs 405 +/- 127 msec, p less than .01). Patients with atrial fibrillation also had longer PA intervals (47 +/- 13 vs 37 +/- 7 msec; p less than .02). At preoperative electrophysiologic testing, 18 patients with atrial fibrillation had atrial fibrillation induced and 14 sustained the arrhythmia for longer than 10 min. In contrast, atrial fibrillation, although induced in 14 of 19 patients with reciprocating tachycardia, was not sustained in any. Thus electrophysiologic testing suggested that both accessory pathway properties and atrial vulnerability may predispose to atrial fibrillation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Health Statistics--or Which Epidemic?
Authors: P. S. Andrews
Journal: BMJ (1970)

than to take intermittent courses".However, it is also important that all women should be carefully instructed not to miss a tablet and what to do in such an event.Verton is clearly not indicated for those in whom pregnancy is absolutely contraindicated.However, it is useful for those spacing their families for whom an unexpected pregnancy would not be a disaster.-Iam, etc.,
Critical role of Fas/Fas ligand interaction in CD28-independent pathway of allogeneic murine hepatocyte rejection
Authors: T Kawahara, S Kasai, H Yagita, M Sawa, K Kato, M Azuma, A Nakajima, K Okumura, S Futagawa, M Mito
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Cytolytic induction of T cells requires both the T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated antigenic stimulation and the CD28-mediated co-stimulatory signal. Blockade of the interactions between CD28 and its ligands, CD80 and CD86, prolongs the survival of allografts in some transplantation models. However, we found that allogeneic hepatocytes were completely rejected within 7 days after intrasplenic transplantation, even when treated with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against CD80 and CD86 (anti-CD80/86). Recent studies have shown that there are two main mechanisms of T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity, perforin-based and Fas-based ones. It has been shown that the liver is highly sensitive to induction of apoptosis by an agonistic anti-Fas mAb. We then investigated the role of the Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) system in the CD28-independent allogeneic hepatocyte rejection. With the anti-CD80/86 mAb treatment, hepatocytes from C57BL/6 lpr/lpr (B6 lpr) mice, which express little Fas antigen, could survive for 7 days after intrasplenic transplantation, and hepatocytes from C57BL/6 (B6) mice could also survive for 7 days in the spleen of C3H/ He gld/gld (C3H gld ) mice, which express no functional FasL. CD28-independent induction of cytotoxicity against allogeneic hepatocytes was not observed when the effector cells were derived from C3H gld mice. These results indicated that the Fas/FasL system plays a critical role in the CD28-independent pathway of allogeneic hepatocyte rejection.
ENZYMATIC LYSIS OF RESPIRATORY SECRETIONS BY AEROSOL TRYPSIN
Authors: Carl R. Limber
Journal: JAMA (1952)

Viscid respiratory secretions unquestionably exert considerable adverse influence on the normal mechanism of bronchial cleansing. Indeed the virulence potentiating ability of sticky sputum, and specifically mucin, has been demonstrated by many investigators.<sup>1</sup>For many years crude preparations of trypsin have been used for the lysis of sputum prior to examination for acid-fast organisms.<sup>2</sup>In view of the laboratory and clinical studies of Reiser and associates<sup>3</sup>on the use of trypsin as a lytic agent in tuberculous empyema and other lesions, the present study was undertaken to determine the suitability of crystalline trypsin (tryptar®) for lysis of tenacious sputum within the tracheobronchial tree. <h3>PRELIMINARY LABORATORY STUDIES</h3> In vitro 50,000 units of crystalline trypsin produces a dramatically rapid liquefaction in 25 cc. samples of thick sputum obtained from patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. The lysis is reflected by the decline in the sputum viscosity measured by a method devised
Transcatheter Arterial Embolization for Massive Bleeding from Duodenal Ulcers Not Controlled by Endoscopic Hemostasis
Authors: H. Toyoda, S. Nakano, I. Takeda, T. Kumada, K. Sugiyama, T. Osada, S. Kiriyama, T. Suga
Journal: Endoscopy (1995)

We evaluated the efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) in patients in whom endoscopic hemostasis of a massively bleeding duodenal ulcer failed.TAE was performed in 11 patients with endoscopically uncontrollable massively bleeding duodenal ulcers, and the results and long-time outcome were studied. Two additional cases of failed endoscopic hemostasis were treated surgically without TAE. The entire group of 13 patients represented 5% of endoscopically treated duodenal ulcers and 0.6% of all cases with upper gastrointestinal bleeding who underwent emergency endoscopy (n = 2073). All but one of these 13 patients had concomitant disease.Arteriograms performed before TAE revealed extravasation of contrast material around the gastroduodenal artery (GDA), the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (ASPD), or the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (PSPD) in six of 11 cases. We failed to stop the bleeding in one patient, in whom only the common hepatic artery side of the GDA bleeding site was embolized; this patient died. TAE was successful in the other ten patients, in whom the long stretch of the GDA, including the ASPD and PSPD, was embolized around the bleeding site. Two surgically treated patients died within a week.Our findings indicate that TAE may induce hemostasis in 90% of patients with serious concomitant diseases who have endoscopically uncontrollable massive bleeding from duodenal ulcers.
Hypogammaglobulinemia with Lymphoid Nodular Hyperplasia of the Small Bowel: Endoscopic Diagnosis of One Case
Authors: J. Delamarre, J. Dupas, D. Chivrac, J. Capron, J. Messerschmitt
Journal: Endoscopy (1976)

A 37-year-old man suffering from abdominal pain and diarrhea, was hospitalized because of abdominal discomfort. Gastroduodenal series showed multiple duodenal filling defects. Gastroduodenoscopic examination revealed numerous nodular lesions in the duodenum and biopsy specimen demonstrated nodular lymphoid hyperplasia. The serum immunoelectrophoretic pattern showed a virtual absence of IgA and IgM and a very decreased level of IgG. To our knowledge, it is the first case of hypogammaglobulinaemia with nodular hyperplasia of the small bowel, diagnosed by endoscopy and forceps biopsy.
Linking a serotonin transporter polymorphism to vascular smoothmuscle proliferation in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Marlene Rabinovitch
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

Recent genetic studies in patients with familial and sporadic primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) have provided new opportunities to address the pathophysiologic mechanisms of this disease (1, 2). This past year, mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) gene have been identified in even a higher proportion of individuals than was first appreciated (3). In addition, mutations associated with impaired signaling through other members of the TGF-β receptor family have also been uncovered (4). How aberrant processing of these signals is related to the cellular mechanisms previously described in patients with pulmonary hypertension remains to be completely elucidated. In addition, we need to understand how other kinds of stimuli, such as inflammatory disorders associated with collagen vascular disease, mechanical forces related to congenital heart defects, and serotonin analogs like the appetite suppressant dexfenfluoramine, initiate cellular abnormalities that lead to severe progressive pulmonary hypertension.
Flip-flop Phenomenon and Dissection of Extracranial Carotid Artery
Authors: J VERREAULT, C C??T??
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1986)

A case of extracranial carotid artery dissection investigated both by conventional brain imaging and by arteriography is presented. The radionuclide angiogram showed a flip-flop phenomenon on the left hemisphere. The implications, including clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment are discussed. Dissection of extracranial carotid artery is a cause of carotid hypoactivity, and this phenomenon is associated directly with a flip-flop phenomenon on brain imaging.
TGF-β Increases Glioma-Initiating Cell Self-Renewal through the Induction of LIF in Human Glioblastoma
Authors: Silvia Peñuelas, Judit Anido, Rosa M. Prieto-Sánchez, Gerard Folch, Ignasi Barba, Isabel Cuartas, David García-Dorado, M. Antonia Poca, Juan Sahuquillo, Jose Baselga, Joan Seoane
Journal: Cancer Cell (2009)
Abstract 881: Leveraging the molecular heterogeneity of patient-derived tumor samples to simulate clinical trial settings and model combination treatments
Authors: Nicole Streiner, Kesavan Nair Praveen, Tatiana Ruiz-Larroya, Martin Vo, Bhavya Murali, Steve Hoffmaster, Thomas Broudy, Cyrus Mirsaidi, Kenna Anderes
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Combination therapy, with rare exception, is a requirement for successfully treating cancer patients. Advances in genetic characterization coupled with a growing understanding of tumor heterogeneity are poised to revolutionize future strategies for combination treatments. Historically, working out the best combinations has been challenging and largely through iterative cycles of clinical trial and error due to gross limitations of preclinical models to accurately predict activity. Current strategies for developing new anticancer drugs rely heavily on preclinical testing in cancer cell lines and their derived in vivo xenograft models. These models are fraught with significant limitations including highly passaged cancer cell lines grown on plastic that ignores the microenvironment and tempered representation of the complex heterogeneity of cancer. Tumor cell microenvironment has significant impact on growth kinetics, cell signaling and response to drug treatments. 3D models attempt to recapitulate elements of the microenvironment, are more biologically relevant models compared to 2D models and have gained preference among cancer researchers and drug developers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the utility of molecularly characterized patient derived lung tumor cells (PTCs) for steering decisions for effective combination treatments in the clinical setting. We have established preclinical lung cancer models using PTCs grown in a 3D culture system. Here we present a retrospective study in lung PTCs evaluating single agents and combinations of molecularly targeted as well as cytotoxic agents including erlotinib, crizotinib, etoposide, cisplatin, carboplatin, gemcitabine, paclitaxel, vinorelbine, topotecan and irinotecan. We utilized a range of methods (PCR, FISH, IF, WB) to determine the genetic and molecular features of the PTCs prior to performing drug treatments. We used high content imaging to evaluate subpopulations within PTCs, colony morphology and proliferative endpoints. Our results identified responder and non-responder populations and emphasize the need to base combination treatment strategies on subpopulation analysis of the tumor. Patient-derived tumor cell models grown in 3D culture conditions coupled with molecular characterization are essential for conducting hypothesis driven studies. This approach offers an informed starting point for subsequent in vivo studies from which data can guide personalized medicine decisions toward true translation in the clinic. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 881. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-881
Physician Alerts to Prevent Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Gregory Piazza, Erin J. Rosenbaum, William Pendergast, Joseph O. Jacobson, Robert C. Pendleton, Gordon D. McLaren, C. Gregory Elliott, Scott M. Stevens, William F. Patton, Ousama Dabbagh, Marilyn D. Paterno, Elaine Catapane, Zhongzhen Li, Samuel Z. Goldhaber
Journal: Circulation (2009)

Background— Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis remains underused among hospitalized patients. We designed and carried out a large, multicenter, randomized controlled trial to test the hypothesis that an alert from a hospital staff member to the attending physician will reduce the rate of symptomatic VTE among high-risk patients not receiving prophylaxis. Methods and Results— We enrolled patients using a validated point score system to detect hospitalized patients at high risk for symptomatic VTE who were not receiving prophylaxis. We randomized 2493 patients (82% on Medical Services) from 25 study sites to the intervention group (n=1238), in which the responsible physician was alerted by another hospital staff member, or the control group (n=1255), in which no alert was issued. The primary end point was symptomatic, objectively confirmed VTE within 90 days. Patients whose physicians were alerted were more than twice as likely to receive VTE prophylaxis as control subjects (46.0% versus 20.6%; P &lt;0.0001). The symptomatic VTE rate was lower in the intervention group (2.7% versus 3.4%; hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.50 to 1.25), but the difference did not achieve statistical significance. The rate of major bleeding at 30 days in the alert group was similar to that in the control group (2.1% versus 2.3%; P =0.68). Conclusions— A strategy of direct notification of the physician by a staff member increases prophylaxis use and leads to a reduction in the rate of symptomatic VTE in hospitalized patients. However, VTE prophylaxis continues to be underused even after physician notification, especially among Medical Service patients.
Frail Older Adults and Palliative Care
Authors: Carol E. Bower
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Thirty-Day Mortality After Infection Among Persons With Severe Mental Illness: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Denmark
Authors: Anette Riisgaard Ribe, Mogens Vestergaard, Wayne Katon, Morten Charles, Michael Eriksen Benros, Erik Vanderlip, Merete Nordentoft, Thomas Munk Laursen
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2015)

Objective: Persons with severe mental illness die 15–20 years earlier on average than persons without severe mental illness. Although infection is one of the leading overall causes of death, no studies have evaluated whether persons with severe mental illness have a higher mortality after infection than those without. Method: The authors studied mortality rate ratios and cumulative mortality proportions after an admission for infection for persons with severe mental illness compared with persons without severe mental illness by linking data from Danish national registries. Results: The cohort consisted of all persons hospitalized for infection during the period 1995–2011 in Denmark (N=806,835), of whom 11,343 persons had severe mental illness. Within 30 days after an infection, 1,052 (9.3%) persons with a history of severe mental illness and 58,683 (7.4%) persons without a history of severe mental illness died. Thirty-day mortality after any infection was 52% higher in persons with severe mental illness than in persons without (mortality rate ratio=1.52, 95% CI=1.43–1.61). Mortality was increased for all infections, and the mortality rate ratios ranged from 1.27 (95% CI=1.15–1.39) for persons hospitalized for sepsis to 2.61 (95% CI=1.69–4.02) for persons hospitalized for CNS infections. Depending on age, 1.7 (95% CI=1.2–2.2) to 2.9 (95% CI=2.0–3.7) more deaths were observed within 30 days after an infection per 100 persons with a history of severe mental illness compared with 100 persons without such a history. Conclusions: Persons with severe mental illness have a markedly elevated 30-day mortality after infection. Some of these excess deaths may be prevented by offering individualized and targeted interventions.
Single-Source Financing: Capture of the Glum Providers
Authors: Michael Phillips
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —I was intrigued to read that a singlesource financing system might suffer from "provider capture."<sup>1</sup>What is the meaning of this undefined yet alarming expression? Could physicians and nurses become sullen prisoners, marching glumly to ward rounds under armed guard? Or did Dr Saltman envisage guerrilla raids by outraged health workers, to hijack the bureaucrats who guard this vast pile of cash? Either way, it looks as if interesting times might lie ahead. <i>This letter was shown to Dr Saltman, who declined to reply</i>.—Ed.
CPR-Not-Indicated and Futility
Authors: Howard Brody, Tom Tomlinson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Letters1 January 1996CPR-Not-Indicated and FutilityD. Malcolm Shaner, MDD. Malcolm Shaner, MDSouthern California Permanente Medical Group; Los Angeles, CA 90034Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-1_Part_1-199601010-00025 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Waisel and Truog [1] suggest that the medical decisions of physicians can be neatly separated from the value judgments that patients should make. By their reasoning, almost every patient whose surrogate claims that the patient would want CPR against the advice of their physician should receive it because the decision is partly a value judgment.Let us admit that the decision to stop CPR is also value laden. It is not always medically clear when to stop resuscitation attempts. The heart and lungs of the permanently unconscious or terminally ill patient may be just one more chest ...REFERENCE1. Waisel DB, Truog RD. The cardiopulmonary resuscitation-not-indicated order: futility revisited. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:304-8. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Southern California Permanente Medical Group; Los Angeles, CA 90034 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByControversial issues in critical care for the elderly: a perspective from Canada 1 January 1996Volume 124, Issue 1_Part_1Page: 76KeywordsCardiopulmonary resuscitationHeartLungsReasoningResuscitationThorax Issue Published: 1 January 1996 CopyrightCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Graves' disease and atrial fibrillation: the case for even higher doses of therapeutic iodine-131.
Authors: G R Scott, J C Forfar, A D Toft
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Seventy five consecutive patients with Graves' disease complicated by atrial fibrillation were given a large single therapeutic dose of 600 MBq (16.2 mCi) iodine-131 in an effort to control their hyperthyroidism rapidly and thus restore sinus rhythm. Patients were initially followed up every three months after treatment and then at yearly intervals. The mean period of follow up was 3.1 years. A total of 44 of the patients became hypothyroid and 31 euthyroid, and 33 (75%) and 14 (45%) of these patients, respectively, reverted to sinus rhythm (p less than 0.01). Of the 33 who became hypothyroid and reverted to sinus rhythm, 30 had developed the hypothyroidism within six months after treatment. These results are a strong case for increasing the dose of radioiodine in patients with Graves' disease complicated by atrial fibrillation in an effort to speed the onset of thyroid failure and thus maximise the rate of reversion to sinus rhythm.