tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Human CD8+ T lymphocyte clones specific for T cell receptor Vβ families expressed on autologous CD4+ T cells
Authors: Randle Ware, Hong Jiang, Ned Braunstein, Jennifer Kent, Ethan Wiener, Benvenuto Pernis, Leonard Chess
Journal: Immunity (1995)

CD8+ T cells control immune responses, and recent studies suggest that this regulation is, in part, specifically directed towards TCR structures expressed by CD4+ cells. To develop a system to study the role of the TCR in regulatory interactions, we isolated clones of CD4+ cells expressing identified TCR V beta chains. These CD4+ clones were used to stimulate and expand autologous CD8+ cells, which kill the inducing CD4+ clone as well as independently isolated autologous CD4+ clones sharing the same TCR V beta as the inducing cell but not CD4+ T cells expressing different V beta TCRs. This V beta-specific cytotoxicity is dependent on the state of activation of the target cells and is not inhibited by an anti-class I monoclonal antibody, W6/32. We envision that V beta-specific CD8+ T cells of this type may regulate immune responses by direct interaction with antigen-activated CD4+ cells.
Deaths from road traffic injuries will nearly double to 2.4 million a year unless safety measures are strengthened
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

About 1.3 million people die each year in road traffic crashes around the world, a number that is expected to reach 2.4 million a year by 2030 unless measures to curb them are put in place, says a report from the World Health Organization.

WHO predicts that by 2030 road traffic injuries will become the fifth leading cause of death, up from the current ninth place, and will account for 3.6% of all deaths, up from 2.2% in 2004.

Almost half (46%) of the people who die on the roads each year are pedestrians, cyclists, or users of motorised two wheeled vehicles—collectively known as “vulnerable road users”—says the report. In some countries, such as Colombia, Guatemala, and Peru, more than 70% of fatalities on the roads are in this group, while in …
Abstract 5496: Mechanisms of anti-tumurogenic activity of the brown seaweed, F. vesiculosus
Authors: Jacques E. Riby, Lucia Conde, Xiangqin Cui, Jianqing Zhang, Christine F. Skibola
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Introduction. We previously reported significant anti-estrogenic effects related to the consumption of the brown seaweed, F. vesiculosus. The present study aimed to further characterize the mechanisms involved and to investigate other actions of F. vesiculosus that may be biologically relevant. Methods. Activation of the estrogen receptor was determined using a luciferase reporter assay (CALUX assay) in six breast, ovarian and endometrial cancer cells lines (MCF7, T47D, MDA-MB-231, OVCAR-3 and HEC-1-B) treated with an F. vesiculosus extract. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined by the MTT assay and the AnnexinV affinity assay, respectively. Gene expression profiling for 248 genes in pathways including tumor suppression, apoptosis, autophagy, hormonal regulation, cell cycling, proliferation, angiogenesis, inflammation and oxidative stress were analyzed using the nCounter Analysis System (NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA), and validated by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. A two-way ANOVA model, with cell line effect and treatment dose effect, was fitted to the normalized expression data for each gene. The permutation based F-test was used to identify genes differentially expressed between treatment doses. Results. In co-treatments with 12.5 pM β-estradiol (EC50), F. vesiculosus reduced ER activity by ∼50% at the 1mg/mL dose, showing a potent ER antagonist effect. All cells showed a progressive decrease in proliferation rates, as measured by the MTT assay over 3 days, with increasing concentrations of the seaweed extract, but the sensitivity of individual cell lines was variable. The two endometrial cell lines were most responsive, with up to a 50% reduction in cell number, whereas the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line was least responsive with a 30% overall reduction. Transcription levels of multiple genes were affected by the treatments in all cell lines, with more notable effects in apoptosis, proliferation, and several receptor-mediated signaling pathways. Conclusion. Our results provide new insights into the anti-estrogenic activity of F. vesiculosus through direct inhibition of estrogen receptor activation that may be particularly relevant in the pathogenesis and progression of female cancers. We also found that the F. vesiculosus extract reduced cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and up-regulated genes in signaling pathways that have anti-tumorigenic potential. Citation Format: Jacques E. Riby, Lucia Conde, Xiangqin Cui, Jianqing Zhang, Christine F. Skibola. Mechanisms of anti-tumurogenic activity of the brown seaweed, F. vesiculosus. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5496. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5496
Weak reciprocity alone cannot explain peer punishment
Authors: Marco Casari
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract The claims about (1) the lack of empirical support for a model of strong reciprocation and (2) the irrelevant empirical role of costly punishment to support cooperation in the field need qualifications. The interpretation of field evidence is not straightforward, and other-regarding preferences are also likely to play a role in the field.
Quick Consult Manual of Evidence-Based Medicine
Authors: Kristi S. Dickson
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Medical Writings15 January 1998Quick Consult Manual of Evidence-Based MedicineKristi S. Dickson, MDKristi S. Dickson, MDUniversity of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IllinoisSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-2-199801150-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Lee BW, Hsu SI, Stasior DS; eds. 744 pages. New York: Lippincott-Raven; 1997. $44.95. ISBN 0316518875. Order phone 800-777-2295.Field of medicine: Internal medicine.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Internal medicine house officers and practitioners.Purpose: To make core points from the medical literature easily accessible so that the reader can base practice decisions on medical evidence rather than merely following the habits of more senior colleagues.Content: Organized according to subspecialty and clinical problem, each chapter summarizes the evidence in the medical literature that supports practice rationale. Common problems from cardiology, pulmonology, gastroenterology, nephrology, infectious diseases, and neurology are included. ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 January 1998Volume 128, Issue 2Page: 160KeywordsEvidence based medicineHabitsInfectious diseasesIschemic strokeLibrariesMuscular dystrophiesNephrologyNeurologyPulmonary medicineSub-specialty care ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 January 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
US lags behind other countries in cutting numbers of preventable deaths
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The United States has made slower progress in cutting the number of preventable deaths than other industrialised nations, concludes a study published in Health Affairs .1

The study, which covered the period 1999 to 2007, found that in 2007 the rate of “amenable” or preventable mortality in men under 65—deaths that could have been avoided with timely and effective healthcare—was 56 per 100 000 in the US, whereas the figure was 46 in the United Kingdom, 40 in Germany, and 34 in France. In women the rate was 69 per 100 000 in the US, compared with 53, 50, and 37, respectively.

The UK, …
Industry-Sponsored Health Programs: Basis for a New Hybrid Prepaid Plan
Authors: Richard H. Egdahl, Diana Chapman Walsh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Any successful plan to control health-care costs will necessarily focus on the physician's role in generating costs. Although physicians' incomes constitute only about 15 per cent of national health-care expenses, their orders — notably for prescription drugs and hospitalization — directly commit at least another 50 per cent of total expenditures for health.1 Hospitalization alone consumes about 40 per cent of the health-care dollar2 and is now widely acknowledged as a prime target for cost control.Some prepaid group practices, such as the Kaiser–Permanente Plan in California, have demonstrated their capacity to decrease hospitalization and consequently to reduce costs.3 The . . .
Foreign Bodies in the Respiratory Tract
Authors: Lyman G. Richards
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

A MAJORITY of the articles referred to in this review, which covers the period from 1945 to 1948, deal with isolated reports of unusual cases of lodging of foreign bodies in some portion of the respiratory tract. The spectacular nature of such cases and the often dramatic recovery that follows removal of the foreign body have, since the earliest days of endoscopic examination of the airways, made this occurrence of great medical interest. Because of constant efforts on the part of the bronchoscopist to educate the laity and the general practitioner in the prophylactic measures directed toward avoidance of such . . .
Impact of T‐wave amplitude on circadian variation in T‐wave alternans
Authors: Nobuhiro Takasugi, Kazuhiko Nishigaki, Tomoki Kubota, Kunihiko Tsuchiya, Kenji Natsuyama, Mieko Takasugi, Takahide Nawa, Shinsuke Ojio, Takuma Aoyama, Masanori Kawasaki, Genzou Takemura, Shinya Minatoguchi
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
Gallstone Formation Secondary to a Foreign Body
Authors: Leonard J. Morse, Joseph Millin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1971)

GALLSTONES occasionally develop around foreign bodies such as worms and ligatures.1 , 2 The purpose of this report is to describe a most unusual foreign body that, presumably, served as the nidus for the formation of a gallstone.Case ReportA 33-year-old man complained of fatty-food intolerance and epigastric fullness for many years. During the year before admission he had experienced 5 attacks of severe pain in the upper abdomen, each occurring after the ingestion of a fatty meal. The most recent attack had occurred 1 week before admission. He had never been jaundiced or febrile and he was unaware of any . . .
Warning about contraceptive device given
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (1998)

The British Department of Health has issued a warning that the contraceptive device Persona may be an unreliable method of fertility control. This method tests hormone levels in urine to enable women to avoid unprotected intercourse during the fertile phase of the menstrual cycle. A pre-marketing clinical trial conducted by Upipath, the manufacturer of Persona, claimed a 94% reliability rate. However, the Medical Devices Agency has been unable to substantiate this claim and received numerous complaints from users, general practitioners, and trading standards officers. The warning letter advises physicians that, although Persona is basically a test-based form of the rhythm method, its technological basis may raise user expectations of accuracy. The letter notes that users should be aware a 94% reliability may also be expressed as a risk of 1 in 17 users becoming pregnant per 12 months of use. Persona is not considered suitable for women whose menstrual cycles do not fall into the 23-35 day range, those who have recently given birth or are breast feeding, and users of hormonal contraception.
Reference and normal ranges
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2010)

Researchers recorded the forehead temperature of 1000 apparently healthy subjects aged between 18 and 65 years using a handheld infrared thermometer.1 The sample mean forehead temperature was 33.3°C, with a standard deviation of 1.18°C. The normal range for forehead temperature, calculated as 1.96 standard deviations either side of the sample mean, was reported as 31.0-35.6°C. A separate study measured a series of immunohaematological variables in 150 healthy adults to establish haematological reference ranges for HIV negative adults from the Central African Republic.2 Ranges for each variable were derived as the interval from the 2.5th to 97.5th centile of the sample measurements. The reference range for erythrocyte counts was reported to be 4.50-6.10×1012/l for men and 3.42-5.44×1012/l for women. Which of the following statements, if any, are true?
HYGIENE OF THE ANUS AND CONTIGUOUS PARTS.
Authors: J. RAWSON PENNINGTON
Journal: JAMA (1895)

My object in writing this paper is to call attention to some of the most important points of practical every-day hygiene, as applied to the anal region; which, if we observed more carefully, would materially reduce the number of cases of ano-rectal diseases. Failing to heed nature's call to evacuate the bowels, or, when heeded to attempt, as soon as seated, to force or hurry defecation by bringing to bear all the power of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles and force the fecal mass, which frequently contains seeds and other substances, with sharp edges, against and through the sphincter without giving it sufficient time to become thoroughly dilated, is a very common and frequent source of these troubles. Dr. Eastman says: "This inordinate<i>vis a tergo</i>as often retards as expedites the matter, for human muscle, like human character, resists force, and in the case of the muscle under consideration,
Effects of Short-Term Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Myocardial Sympathetic Nerve Function and Energetics in Patients With Heart Failure and Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Allison B. Hall, Maria C. Ziadi, Judith A. Leech, Shin-Yee Chen, Ian G. Burwash, Jennifer Renaud, Robert A. deKemp, Haissam Haddad, Lisa M. Mielniczuk, Keiichiro Yoshinaga, Ann Guo, Li Chen, Olga Walter, Linda Garrard, Jean N. DaSilva, John S. Floras, Rob S.B. Beanlands
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background— Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), 2 states of increased metabolic demand and sympathetic nervous system activation, often coexist. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), which alleviates OSA, can improve ventricular function. It is unknown whether this is due to altered oxidative metabolism or presynaptic sympathetic nerve function. We hypothesized that short-term (6–8 weeks) CPAP in patients with OSA and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction would improve myocardial sympathetic nerve function and energetics. Methods and Results— Forty-five patients with OSA and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (left ventricular ejection fraction 35.8±9.7% [mean±SD]) were evaluated with the use of echocardiography and 11 C-acetate and 11 C-hydroxyephedrine positron emission tomography before and ≈6 to 8 weeks after randomization to receive short-term CPAP (n=22) or no CPAP (n=23). Work metabolic index, an estimate of myocardial efficiency, was calculated as follows: (stroke volume index×heart rate×systolic blood pressure÷K mono ), where K mono is the monoexponential function fit to the myocardial 11 C-acetate time-activity data, reflecting oxidative metabolism. Presynaptic sympathetic nerve function was measured with the use of the 11 C-hydroxyephedrine retention index. CPAP significantly increased hydroxyephedrine retention versus no CPAP (Δretention: +0.012 [0.002, 0.021] versus −0.006 [−0.013, 0.005] min −1 ; P =0.003). There was no significant change in work metabolic index between groups. However, in those with more severe OSA (apnea-hypopnea index &gt;20 events per hour), CPAP significantly increased both work metabolic index and systolic blood pressure ( P &lt;0.05). Conclusions— In patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and OSA, short-term CPAP increased hydroxyephedrine retention, indicating improved myocardial sympathetic nerve function, but overall did not affect energetics. In those with more severe OSA, CPAP may improve cardiac efficiency. Further outcome-based investigation of the consequences of CPAP is warranted. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00756366.
The Effect of Daily Apolipoprotein A-I Mimetic Therapy on Pro-Inflammatory High Density Lipoprotein in a Murine Model of Asthma
Authors: S.D. Nandedkar, K.S. Konduri, J. Wang, H. Xu, Y. Shi, D.A. Rickaby, N. Duzgunes, K.A. Pritchard
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2007)
High smoking rates among Aboriginal community cause financial hardship
Authors: M. Sweet
Journal: BMJ (2002)

High smoking rates among indigenous Australians—up to 80% in some communities—are contributing to financial hardship, crime, and violence, a new report says.

It also says that cultural factors promote smoking among Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders, and the report highlights neglect of the problem by governments and the public health sector.

The report was released just a week after new figures showing that Australia now has one of the developed world's lowest rates of smoking. In 2001 19.5% of Australians aged over 14 reported smoking regularly, compared with 21.5% in 1998.

The new report, by …
Liposome mediated gene transfer into the rat oesophagus
Authors: R M Schmid, H Weidenbach, G F Draenert, S Liptay, H Lührs, G Adler
Journal: Gut (1997)

Background —Cancer of the oesophagus has so far eluded every attempt at pharmacological treatment. The recent advent of somatic gene therapy offers a new therapeutic approach to malignant tumours. Aim —To investigate whether and how gene transfer into the oesophagus can be achieved. Methods —A LacZ reporter gene was used as marker and transferred into the oesophagus of rats using cationic liposomes. Gene transfer was achieved by either luminal instillation into a closed segment using a double balloon catheter, or by intramural injection through a needle. Expression of β-galactosidase was monitored in the oesophagus and various control tissues by histochemistry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), reverse transcriptase PCR, and Southern blotting. Results —Up to 100 days after in vivo gene transfer β-galactosidase activity could be demonstrated in the oesophagus. Following luminal application, the transgene was expressed in epithelial cells whereas intramural injection induced preferential expression in fibroblasts. Conclusion —In vivo gene transfer into the oesophagus is feasible and safe, and the route of administration largely determines cell type specificity. This novel approach will enable in vivo studies of growth, differentiation, and malignant transformation in the oesophagus, and may open new avenues to the confinement of oesophageal malignancies.
HEXAMETHYLENAMIN AS A DIURETIC
Authors: H. O. RUH
Journal: JAMA (1922)

Positive assertions that hexamethylenamin acts as a diuretic have been made by Nicolaier,<sup>1</sup>Lilienthal,<sup>2</sup>Flexner,<sup>3</sup>Impens<sup>4</sup>and Seifert and Müller.<sup>4</sup>Nicolaier reported that 1 gm. doses of the drug increase the output of urine. On the other hand, Thompson<sup>5</sup>and Strauss and Seibert<sup>4</sup>have denied the diuretic action of hexamethylenamin. The conclusions of all these authors are based almost exclusively on impressions, critical objective data being totally absent.<i>A priori</i>, it appears improbable that hexamethylenamin in small (1 gm.) and moderate doses could increase the urine output. Large doses could conceivably increase diuresis through a salt action, but this could not be attributed to any specific or peculiar property of hexamethylenamin. On the other hand, large doses might diminish the urine output because of renal injury, which has been declared by some to occur. In connection with another study, we had an opportunity to
Cervical smear uptake rates
Authors: K Moser, J Naish, M Chambers
Journal: BMJ (1994)

documented in the narrative of the notes they may not be apparent on a rapid skim through the notes and an entry about resuscitation status that is not the most up to date may be found.A sheet at the back of the notes giving sequential decisions on resuscitation status perhaps solves this problem, but if the sheet is not updated the information can be misleading.I would be interested to know whether any other departments have managed to find a system that really works in a busy department (at least 1100 admissions a year per consultant).I also wonder whether, if communication between doctors and nurses is accurate (and this can easily be audited), the requirement for the consultant to generate updates in the notes each day results in unnecessary bureaucracy.
Relative Accuracy Of Various Procedures in the Diagnosis Of Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Authors: William O. Umiker
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Any discussion relative to the comparative diagnostic accuracy of bronchoscopy, scalene-node biopsy, and exfoliative cytology has two implied restrictions: (1) The patients under consideration are lung cancer suspects. They have signs or symptoms suggestive of lung cancer or have suspicious roentgenographic findings (usually both). This excludes any evaluation of these techniques for screening healthy populations. Only cytology in this diagnostic triad would be feasible for such study, and it would be contrasted with roentgenographic results, not those of bronchoscopy or scalene-node biopsy. (2) This is a comparison of microscopic diagnoses and therefore excludes bronchoscopic visual diagnoses. Our comparative results are demonstrated in Tables 1 and 2. <h3>Bronchoscopy</h3> A bronchoscopic biopsy positive for malignancy is still the most valuable preoperative finding. False-positive diagnoses are rare. They usually occur when the pathologist, trying to avoid equivocation, bases his diagnosis on insufficient evidence. Unfortunately, the percentage of bronchial biopsies positive for malignancy
Response to Letters Regarding Article, “Cardiac Arrhythmogenic Remodeling in a Rat Model of Long-Term Intensive Exercise Training”
Authors: Begoña Benito, Gemma Gay-Jordi, Anna Serrano-Mollar, Eduard Guasch, Yanfen Shi, Jean-Claude Tardif, Josep Brugada, Stanley Nattel, Lluis Mont
Journal: Circulation (2011)
Targeting endothelial cells with adenovirus expressing nitric oxide synthase prevents elevation of blood pressure in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: William H. Miller, M. Julia Brosnan, Delyth Graham, Campbell G. Nicol, Ian Morecroft, Keith M. Channon, Sergei M. Danilov, Paul N. Reynolds, Andrew H. Baker, Anna F. Dominiczak
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Local adenoviral (Ad)-mediated gene transfer to the carotid artery of the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) is successful in improving endothelial function. Here we explored the potential of systemic delivery of Ad encoding endothelial nitric oxide synthase (AdeNOS) to prevent elevation of blood pressure in the SHRSP using both nontargeted and vector targeting approaches. Systemic administration of nontargeted AdeNOS failed to modify the rise in blood pressure in SHRSP when administered during the 12th week of age (n = 5, P = 0.088, F = 3.0), an effect likely to result from sequestration of Ad by the liver. Rerouting Ad transduction using a bispecific antibody (anti-ACE/anti-Ad capsid, Fab9B9) that blocks Ad binding to the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor and simultaneously retargets AdeNOS to the angiotensin-converting enzyme resulted in efficient eNOS overexpression in the lung vasculature and a sustained hypotensive effect (n = 5, P = 0.007, F = 7.9). This study highlights the importance of vector targeting to achieve therapeutic gain and represents the first such study in cardiovascular gene therapy.