tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTU-256 Optimising bowel screening colonoscopy uptake with nurse-led telephone assessment clinics
Authors: S Osmond
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Bowel Screening Wales utilises nurse-led telephone assessments pre-colonoscopy for screening participants following a positive faecal occult blood test (FOBt) result. This approach has been shown to optimise colonoscopy uptake. <h3>Methods</h3> A literature review was carried out to determine the cost effectiveness and efficiency of telephone assessment as indicated by overall screening colonoscopy appointment uptake. Nurse-led telephone assessment is an advanced practice. Nurses undertaking this form of assessment should have undergone suitable training and supervision, be competent in their practice and accountable for their actions. Advanced assessment is the detailed, systematic collection of relevant information about the patient9s problems and health status which requires a specialist knowledge, skill and extensive experience to uncover the relevant information being given and discard the irrelevant.<sup>1</sup> Bowel Screening Wales was introduced nationally in October 2008 and operates from a single hub which is responsible for inviting participants, processing completed kits and providing results for participants. There are 13 Local Assessment Centres (LAC) which have a responsibility to provide endoscopy, pathology and radiology services for participants who have had a positive FOBt result. Specialist Screening Practitioners are based in each LAC. In Wales each Health Board covers a large geographical area therefore telephone assessments are a more effective method of pre-colonoscopy assessment in terms of cost, time and travel requirements. It has also been found that this approach results in a lower colonoscopy default rate due to improved participant involvement in the decision making process. <h3>Results</h3> Data published in the Bowel Screening Wales First Round Report dated 29 September 2011 shows that 6493 (82.2%) of SSP appointments were completed by telephone. 0.5% of participants required or requested a face to face assessment. 90% of participants assessed were fit for colonoscopy of which 89.4% attended a procedure. The 10% of participants found not fit were offered an alternative to colonoscopy such as CT colonography. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The literature reviewed clearly shows that telephone assessment for Bowel Screening Wales participants following a positive FOBt is an effective and acceptable form of information gathering and provision. Good attendance rates for assessment appointments and colonoscopy procedures are evidenced by the Bowel Screening Wales first round report. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared. <h3>Reference</h3> 1. <b>McGee P</b>, ed. Advanced assessment and differential diagnosis. <i>Advanced Practice in Nursing and the Allied Health Professions</i>. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.
Early Vascular Changes in Crohn's Disease: An Endoscopic Fluorescence Study
Authors: None Maunoury, None Mordon, None Geboes, None Klein, None Debaert, None Cortot, None Desreumaux, None Colombel
Journal: Endoscopy (2000)

Background and Study Aims: Early recurrent lesions occurring after surgery in Crohn's disease may be the result of localized vasculitis. The aim of this study was use fluorescence endoscopy to evaluate the mucosal microcirculation of the neoterminal ileum in relation to endoscopic recurrence in patients who had undergone ileocolonic resection for Crohn's disease.
Thorium Dioxide and Liver Cancer
Authors: Ibrahim Farid
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In light of recent data presented at the International Conference on the Radiobiology of Radium and the Actinides in Man held in Lake Geneva, Wis, Oct 11-16, 1981 (co-sponsored by the US Department of Energy, the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, and the Commission of European Communities), the following additional comments are offered in response to the inquiry by Stanley Marcus, MD, in QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS on thorium dioxide (Thorotrast) and the induction of liver cancer and to the response by Norman Telles, MD (1981;246:1833). Persons injected previously with thorium dioxide and followed up for more than 25 years had a high incidence of primary hepatic tumors, ranging from 16% to 68% of cases.<sup>1-3</sup>In addition, increased risk of death from liver cirrhosis or fibrosis by a factor of approximately five was noted in Thorotrast injected patients.<sup>2,3</sup>A higher incidence of aplastic anemia<sup>1</sup>and myeloid leukemia
Reflections on the Pathologic Physiology of Atherosclerosis
Authors: William C. Felch, Theodore B. Van Itallie
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

HALF a century ago, when Ignatowski1 produced experimental atheromatous lesions by feeding cholesterol products to rabbits, the etiology of human atherosclerosis promised to be simple and clear cut: man ingests an excess of lipid in his diet, the excess causes elevated levels in the blood stream, and the excess is precipitated in the arterial wall.As is often the case in medicine, this simple hypothesis was soon obscured by a mass of conflicting experimental data. There were difficulties (since overcome) in reproducing experimental results in other species. There were difficulties in correlating dietary intake with serum lipid levels, and a . . .
Topical application of <scp>PPAR</scp>α (but not β/δ or γ) suppresses atopic dermatitis in <scp>NC</scp>/Nga mice
Authors: T. Chiba, S. Takeuchi, H. Esaki, K. Yamamura, Y. Kurihara, Y. Moroi, M. Furue
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors ( PPAR s) are nuclear receptors, which regulate not only adipogenesis and proliferation/differentiation but also the immune response of cells. Because topical application of the activators of some PPAR isoforms improved clinical symptoms in patients with atopic dermatitis ( AD ), we investigated the role of PPAR activators using a murine AD model in NC /Nga mice; to the best of our knowledge, this has not been previously reported. Methods Activators of three PPAR isoforms (α, β/δ, γ) were topically applied on inflamed skin in a murine AD model that was developed by repeated topical application of mite antigen in NC /Nga mice. The efficacy of each topical PPAR activator was evaluated immunologically and serologically. Results Topical application of the PPAR α activator, but not of the activators of PPAR β/δ or PPAR γ, improved clinical dermatitis, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the dermis, and alleviated the elevation of serum IgE levels. In addition, PPAR α expression was downregulated in the epidermis in our murine AD model, as is seen in patients with AD . Conclusions Topical application of PPAR α activator could be a potent therapeutic agent for patients with AD and could take the place of topical steroid treatments.
Columbia judge orders tobacco firms to admit "fraudulently denying" harms of smoking
Authors: E. Davies
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A federal judge has ordered tobacco companies to publish a series of statements admitting that they denied the dangers of smoking.

In a damning conclusion Gladys Kessler, of the US District Court for the District of Columbia, said, “The evidence in this case clearly establishes that Defendants have not ceased engaging in unlawful activity . . . For example, most Defendants continue to fraudulently deny the adverse health effects of …
Mutations in components of complement influence the outcome of Factor I-associated atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
Authors: Frank Bienaime, Marie-Agnes Dragon-Durey, Catherine H. Regnier, Sara C. Nilsson, Wing H. Kwan, Jacques Blouin, Mathieu Jablonski, Nicolas Renault, Marie-Anne Rameix-Welti, Chantal Loirat, Catherine Sautés-Fridman, Bruno O. Villoutreix, Anna M. Blom, Veronique Fremeaux-Bacchi
Journal: Kidney International (2009)
P2-097: Determination of nerve growth factor (NGF) levels in plasma in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients (NSCLC). Its correlation with clinical outcome
Authors: Carlos Camps, Rafael Sirera, Ana Blasco, Cristina Caballero, María José Safont, Joaquín Gavilá, Mireia Gil, Diego Cayuela, Miquel Tarón, Rafael Rosell
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Release of endogenous catecholamines in the ischemic myocardium of the rat. Part A: Locally mediated release.
Authors: A Schömig, A M Dart, R Dietz, E Mayer, W Kübler
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

The accumulation of endogenous catecholamines within the extracellular space of the ischemic myocardium has been studied in the isolated perfused (Langendorff) heart of the rat subjected to various periods of complete ischemia, with subsequent collection of the reperfusate. Catecholamines and deaminated metabolites were measured by radioenzymatic methods, or high pressure liquid chromatography. Ischemic periods of less than 10 minutes are not associated with an increased overflow of catecholamines or metabolites. Longer periods of ischemia are accompanied by the overflow of noradrenaline and its deaminated metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol. This overflow increases with lengthening of the preceding ischemic period (10 minutes: 2.5 +/- 0.6, 20 minutes: 209.8 +/- 17.2, 60 minutes: 1270.5 +/- 148.1 pmol noradrenaline/g heart). Noradrenaline concentration is highest during the first minute of reperfusion, suggesting that the noradrenaline detected during reperfusion is released into the extracellular space of the myocardium during ischemia and is subsequently eluted. Experiments with variation of extracellular calcium concentration and with neuronal uptake (uptake1) blocking agents suggest that different mechanisms of catecholamine release are acting during the course of ischemia. A calcium-independent carrier-mediated efflux of noradrenaline from the nerve terminals is of major importance, using the same carrier as is normally responsible for transporting noradrenaline from the synaptic clefts into the neuronal varicosities. Thus, various uptake1-blocking agents diminish the noradrenaline overflow following ischemic periods of between 10 and 40 minutes. The noradrenaline overflow following longer periods of ischemia is unaffected by uptake1-blocking agents, and additional noradrenaline release at this time is probably consequent upon dissolution of cell membranes. Overflow of adrenaline and dopamine occurs to a minor degree (less than 5% of the corresponding noradrenaline overflow), and only after ischemic periods of more than 15 minutes.
Postprandial lipoprotein responses in hypertriglyceridemic subjects with and without cardiovascular disease
Authors: Thomas A. Hughes, Marshall B. Elam, William B. Applegate, M.Gene Bond, Suzanne M. Hughes, Xiaohu Wang, Elizabeth A. Tolley, Joyce B. Bittle, Frankie B. Stentz, Ellen S. Kang
Journal: Metabolism (1995)
Detection of Anaerobic Bacteria in High Numbers in Sputum from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Michael M. Tunney, Tyler R. Field, Thomas F. Moriarty, Sheila Patrick, Gerd Doering, Marianne S. Muhlebach, Matthew C. Wolfgang, Richard Boucher, Deirdre F. Gilpin, Andrew McDowell, J. Stuart Elborn
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) is polymicrobial and it is possible that anaerobic bacteria, not detected by routine aerobic culture methods, reside within infected anaerobic airway mucus.To determine whether anaerobic bacteria are present in the sputum of patients with CF.Sputum samples were collected from clinically stable adults with CF and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples from children with CF. Induced sputum samples were collected from healthy volunteers who did not have CF. All samples were processed using anaerobic bacteriologic techniques and bacteria within the samples were quantified and identified.Anaerobic species primarily within the genera Prevotella, Veillonella, Propionibacterium, and Actinomyces were isolated in high numbers from 42 of 66 (64%) sputum samples from adult patients with CF. Colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa significantly increased the likelihood that anaerobic bacteria would be present in the sputum. Similar anaerobic species were identified in BALF from pediatric patients with CF. Although anaerobes were detected in induced sputum samples from 16 of 20 volunteers, they were present in much lower numbers and were generally different species compared with those detected in CF sputum. Species-dependent differences in the susceptibility of the anaerobes to antibiotics with known activity against anaerobes were apparent with all isolates susceptible to meropenem.A range of anaerobic species are present in large numbers in the lungs of patients with CF. If these anaerobic bacteria are contributing significantly to infection and inflammation in the CF lung, informed alterations to antibiotic treatment to target anaerobes, in addition to the primary infecting pathogens, may improve management.
Epicardial Fat Thickness in Patients with Psoriasis Vulgaris
Authors: Ahmet Bacaksız, Abdurrahman Tasal, Emrah Sevgili, Ercan Erdogan, Nahide Onsun, Osman Sonmez, Bugce Topukcu, Emin Asoglu, Omer Goktekin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
714 CRITICAL ROLE OF PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR (PAI-1) IN FRUCTOSE-INDUCED NON- ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD)
Authors: G. Kanuri, A. Spruss, S. Weber, S. Wagneberger, S.C. Bischoff, I. Bergheim
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Maternal Use of Ginseng and Neonatal Androgenization
Authors: Dennis V. C. Awang
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Koren's reply<sup>1</sup>to my letter,<sup>2</sup>which mainly dealt with his confusion of ginseng (<i>Panax</i>) and so-called Siberian ginseng (<i>Eleutherococcus</i>), reveals a lack of appreciation of the regulatory problem regarding identity of commercial plant products. I did not mean to express doubt about the mother's medication being Siberian ginseng, but merely to indicate that there was no sound basis for assurance in the declared botanical identity. This condition prevails everywhere in the world today. It is proper that the consuming public expect drug regulatory agencies to do all that is possible to ensure the proper identity, quality, and safety of marketed products. But the situation of commercial plant products presents a daunting challenge. It is usually extremely difficult to determine botanical identity from powdered material in which most of the plant morphological features have been destroyed; formulation into tablets, extracts, and multicomponent mixtures presents an even
p38 MAPK inhibition reduces myocardial reperfusion injury via inhibition of endothelial adhesion molecule expression and blockade of PMN accumulation
Authors: Feng Gao, Tian-Li Yue, Dong-Wei Shi, Theodore A Christopher, Bernard L Lopez, Eliot H Ohlstein, Frank C Barone, Xin L Ma
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Background: In vitro evidence suggests that the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) plays a crucial role in PMN activation and inflammatory cytokine production. However, the effect of p38 MAPK on myocardial reperfusion injury, a pathologic condition involving a typical inflammatory response, has not been fully examined. In the present study, we investigated the effect of SB 239063, a specific p38 MAPK inhibitor, on myocardial injury in a murine ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model and elucidated the mechanism by which p38 MAPK inhibitor may exert its protective effect against I/R injury. Methods and results: I/R resulted in a significant myocardial injury (myocardial infarct 45±2.9%) and marked PMN accumulation (myeloperoxidase activity 1.03±0.16 U/100 g tissue). Administration of SB 239063 significantly inhibited the myocardial inflammatory response as evidenced by reduced PMN accumulation in I/R myocardial tissue (0.62±0.008 U/100 g tissue, P<0.01 vs. vehicle), and markedly attenuated myocardial reperfusion injury (myocardial infarct size: 28±2.4%, P<0.01 vs. vehicle). Moreover, treatment with SB 239063 significantly attenuated I/R-induced P-selectin and ICAM-1 upregulation (13.8±2.7 vs. 23.9±3.1%, and 29.4±1.6 vs. 56.3±4.8%, respectively P<0.01). In addition, pre-treatment with R15.7, a monoclonal antibody against CD 18 adhesion molecule on PMN surface that virtually abolished PMN accumulation in ischemic-reperfused myocardial tissue, significantly, but not completely, blocked the cardioprotection exerted by SB 239063. Conclusion: These results demonstrated for the first time that p38 MAPK activation plays a significant role in adhesion molecule upregulation on ischemia-reperfused endothelial cells and is an important signaling step in the pathogenesis of PMN-mediated tissue injury.
Immune Responses to Ro60 and Its Peptides in Mice. I. The Nature of the Immunogen and Endogenous Autoantigen Determine the Specificities of the Induced Autoantibodies
Authors: Umesh S. Deshmukh, Janet E. Lewis, Felicia Gaskin, Carol C. Kannapell, Samuel T. Waters, Ya-huan Lou, Kenneth S.K. Tung, Shu Man Fu
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1999)

Anti-Ro60 autoantibodies are found in a variety of autoimmune disorders including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren's syndrome, primary biliary cirrhosis, and active hepatitis. They are the most prevalent autoantibodies in normal individuals and in asymptomatic mothers of infants afflicted with neonatal lupus. In the present study, immune responses to recombinant human Ro60 (rhRo60) and recombinant mouse Ro60 (rmRo60) and selected Ro60 peptides in non-SLE-prone mice were investigated. Multiple T and B cell epitopes were identified in Ro60. Immunizations with either xenogeneic or autologous Ro60 induced autoantibodies to a diverse group of autoantigens. In addition to La and Ro52, proteins in the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particles such as SmA, SmB, SmD, and 70-kD U1-RNP were unexpectedly identified as targeted antigens. In the studies involving synthetic Ro60 peptides, both human and mouse Ro60316-335 peptides, which differ in three amino acids, were found to contain dominant cross-reactive T cell determinants. Immunizations with these peptides induced autoantibodies to Ro60, La, SmD, and 70-kD U1-RNP without autoantibodies to Ro52, SmA, or SmB. With human Ro60316-335 as the immunogen, additional autoantibodies reactive with the Golgi complex were found. In contrast to the immunodominance of both human and mouse Ro60316-335 peptides, the T cell determinant in human Ro60441-465 was dominant, whereas that in the mouse peptide was cryptic. Immunization with human Ro60441-465 induced primarily anti-peptide Abs. Mouse Ro60441-465 failed to induce an antibody response. These results show that both the nature of the immunogen and the immunogenicity of the related endogenous antigen are important in determining the specificities of the autoantibodies generated. They have significant implications for proposed mechanisms on the generation of complex patterns of autoantibodies to a diverse group of autoantigens in SLE patients.
The Catholic Position on Germ Line Genetic Engineering
Authors: James J. Delaney
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2009)

"The Catholic Position on Germ Line Genetic Engineering." The American Journal of Bioethics, 9(11), pp. 33–34 Notes 1. Two particularly poignant discussions of this question are those of CitationPope John Paul II (1998) in Fides et Ratio and CitationJohn Knasas (2003) in “Does the Catholic Church Teach That There is No One True Philosophy?” 2. The most direct source of this philosophy are the texts of Aristotle and Aquinas themselves. However, some exceptional contemporary accounts of this theory include the work of CitationDavid Odenberg (2005) and CitationDavid Hershenov (2008).
Plasma Glucose and Insulin After Fructose an High-Fructose Corn Syrup Meals in Subjects with Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Suat Akgün, Norman H Ertel
Journal: Diabetes Care (1981)

The impact on plasma glucose of 35 g of fructose or an equicaloric amount (43.75 g) of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) (as part of a 400-calorie meal) was measured in six patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Blood samples were collected periodically at all points for all patients for 3 h for plasma glucose (PG) and insulin (IRI) determinations. The mean peak PG increment was higher after the HFCS meal (66.5 mg/dl) than after the fructose meals (45.5 mg/dl). When increase in the mean plasma glucose concentration (Δ PG) after the fructose meals were compared with the Δ PG after the HFCS meals, there was statistical significance at 15 min (P &amp;lt; 0.02) and 30 min (P &amp;lt; 0.05). The total areas under the 3-h curves of mean Δ PG showed a highly significant (P &amp;lt; 0.001) difference between the fructose meal (5601 planimetry U) compared with the HFCS meal (8023 planimetry U). Mean changes in IRI after meals with either sweetener were comparable. These findings suggest that fructose is superior to HFCS as a sweetening agent in patients with NIDDM.
Therapy of Hepatitis C — Back to the Future
Authors: T. Jake Liang, Marc G. Ghany
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

A book on hepatitis C would read like a marriage of an Orson Welles mystery and a Shakespearean play — awash in enigma, tragedy, despair, resilience, redemption, and triumph. It is only fitting that treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection stands at center stage of such a book. After the initial introduction of interferon alfa as the mainstay of therapy, the field stalled for more than 10 years. Although the introduction of ribavirin combination therapy and pegylated interferons had increased response rates, the real breakthrough came with the development of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs).1 The first generation of DAAs . . .
Anti-leukemia effect of ex vivo expanded DNT cells from AML patients: a potential novel autologous T-cell adoptive immunotherapy
Authors: Sharon Merims, Xujian Li, Betty Joe, Pouneh Dokouhaki, Mei Han, Richard W. Childs, Zhen-yi Wang, Vikas Gupta, Mark D. Minden, Li Zhang
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Functionally distinct dendritic cell (DC) populations induced by physiologic stimuli: prostaglandin E2 regulates the migratory capacity of specific DC subsets
Authors: Thomas Luft, Michael Jefford, Petra Luetjens, Tracey Toy, Hubertus Hochrein, Kelly-Anne Masterman, Charlie Maliszewski, Ken Shortman, Jonathan Cebon, Eugene Maraskovsky
Journal: Blood (2002)
Public Policy and Dietary Sodium Restriction
Authors: David A. McCarron, Judith S. Stern, Niels Graudal
Journal: JAMA (2010)

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