tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiac output during labour.
Authors: S C Robson, W Dunlop, R J Boys, S Hunter
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Serial measurements of cardiac output and mean arterial pressure were performed in 15 women during the first stage of labour and at one and 24 hours after delivery. Cardiac output was measured by Doppler and cross sectional echocardiography at the pulmonary valve. Basal cardiac output (between uterine contractions) increased from a prelabour mean of 6.99 l/min to 7.88 l/min at greater than or equal to 8 cm of cervical dilatation as a result of an increase in stroke volume. Over the same period basal mean arterial pressure also increased. During uterine contractions there was a further increase in cardiac output as a result of increases in both stroke volume and heart rate. The increment in cardiac output during contractions became progressively greater as labour advanced. At greater than or equal to 8 cm of dilatation cardiac output increased from a basal mean of 7.88 l/min to 10.57 l/min during contractions. There were also further increases in mean blood pressure during contractions. One hour after delivery heart rate and cardiac output had returned to prelabour values, though mean arterial pressure and stroke volume remained raised. By 24 hours after delivery all haemodynamic variables had returned to prelabour values. Haemodynamic changes of the magnitude found in this series are of considerable clinical relevance in managing mothers with complicated cardiovascular function.
The thiazolidinedione peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist troglitazone alters histone post-translational modifications in MCF7 breast cancer cells.
Authors: GF Davies, AR Ross, BH Juurlink, HA Troy
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Abstract #2140 Troglitazone (TRG), a thiazolidinedione (TZD) PPARγ ligand, is a potent antiproliferative agent in many different cancer cell lines. We have previously demonstrated in multiple drug resistant (MDR) human K562 leukemia cells that TRG, in combination with the anthracycline antibiotic Doxorubicin (DOX), is an effective anticancer agent in MDR cells. The killing of drug resistant leukemia cells was accompanied by increased global histone H3 acetylation. In this report, we investigated the effects of TRG on both histone metabolism and killing of human MCF7 breast cancer cells. MCF7 cells were treated with TRG, as well as additional TZD's, such as Rosiglitazone, Ciglitazone and Pioglitazone. In all cases, a dose-dependent increase in H3K9 acetylation, total H2AX protein levels, and cell killing were noted. Striking similarities in histone modification profiles were also noted between TRG and histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) treatment. A wide spectrum of common histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) were specifically induced by TRG and HDACi treatment, as determined by mass spectrometry.&amp;#x2028; &amp;#x2028; These findings suggested that TRG may possess HDACi activity. In support of this, in vitro HDACi activity assays showed TRG, but not other tested TZDs, possessed HDACi-like activity. Global H3K9 acetylation was also increased by inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway (but not the MEK/ERK pathway), raising the possibility that TRG and HDACi's may act via inhibition of AKT. Consistent with this idea, MCF7 cells treated with TRG or HDACi's exhibit reduced phosphorylated AKT. Our data supports a mechanistic model linking TRG with inhibition of histone de-acetylation in human breast cancer cells. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2140.
Antacid therapy of peptic ulcer: Part I A mathematical definition of an adequate dose
Authors: J. Myhill, D. W. Piper
Journal: Gut (1964)

EDITORIAL SYNOPSIS Because all the parameters needed to calculate an adequate dose of antacid for patients with peptic ulcer will probably never be known before treatment, a mathematical method is presented of calculating the minimum dose using the data of various authors as regards gastric secretion and emptying.Also studied is the effect of antacids on secretion rate and emptying time.It was found that to be effective in 90%/ of patients, a dose of 50 mEq.neutralizing capacity is adequate for male duodenal ulcer patients and of 26 mEq.for female duodenal ulcer or male gastric ulcer patients.If the patient's basal secretion is known, a dose of neutralizing capacity eight times the secretion rate is adequate.In part lI the neutralizing capacity of all available antacids is assessed as regards the amount of acid required to titrate a known amount of antacid to pH 4 5. From this information, the approximate dose of each antacid required to produce effective neutralization of gastric juice in the treat- ment of peptic ulcer has been determined and summarized in the tables for the antacids commonly used in treatment.The doses recommended are larger than those in routine use.Although the first part of the paper may be of limited usefulness the second has great practical value and draws attention to the effectiveness or otherwise of many commercial preparations.on July 8,
One-year Outcome after Severe Pulmonary Exacerbation in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Madiha Ellaffi, Christophe Vinsonneau, Joël Coste, Dominique Hubert, Pierre-Régis Burgel, Jean-François Dhainaut, Daniel Dusser
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2004)

We retrospectively studied the outcomes of adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) hospitalized for severe pulmonary exacerbations (69 cases) between January 1997 and June 2001. Cases were treated either in the Pulmonary Department (n = 46) or in the intensive care unit (ICU) (n = 23) depending on severity. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation was used in 61% (14 of 23) and 33% (15 of 46) of cases treated in the ICU and the Pulmonary Department groups, respectively. Invasive ventilation was necessary in 4 of 23 cases treated in the ICU. The 1-year survival rate was 52% (12 of 23) and 91% (42 of 46) in the ICU and the Pulmonary Department groups, respectively. Lung transplantation was performed in two patients from the ICU group and in five patients from the Pulmonary Department group after hospital discharge. Factors predictive of death were prior colonization with Burkholderia cepacia and rapid decline in FEV1 before admission and severity of exacerbations (severity of hypoxemia and hypercapnia, simplified acute physiology score II and logistic organ dysfunction (LOD) scores, requirement of noninvasive mechanical ventilation, and hospitalization in the ICU) in the univariate analysis and were prior colonization with B. cepacia, the severity of hypoxemia at admission, and hospitalization in the ICU in the multivariate analysis. In 1-year survivors, pulmonary exacerbation did not affect the progression of the disease.
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is associated with altered hepatic MicroRNA expression
Authors: Onpan Cheung, Puneet Puri, Christoph Eicken, Melissa J. Contos, Faridoddin Mirshahi, James W. Maher, John M. Kellum, Haeki Min, Velimir A. Luketic, Arun J. Sanyal
Journal: Hepatology (2008)

The expression of microRNA in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and their role in the genesis of NASH are not known. The aims of this study were to: (1) identify differentially expressed microRNAs in human NASH, (2) tabulate their potential targets, and (3) define the effect of a specific differentially expressed microRNA, miR-122, on its targets and compare these effects with the pattern of expression of these targets in human NASH. The expression of 474 human microRNAs was compared in subjects with the metabolic syndrome and NASH versus controls with normal liver histology. Differentially expressed microRNAs were identified by the muParaflo microRNA microarray assay and validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The effects of a specific differentially expressed miRNA (miR-122) on its predicted targets were assessed by silencing and overexpressing miR-122 in vitro. A total of 23 microRNAs were underexpressed or overexpressed. The predicted targets of these microRNAs are known to affect cell proliferation, protein translation, apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolism. The miR-122 level was significantly decreased in subjects with NASH (63% by real-time PCR, P < 0.00001). Silencing miR-122 led to an initial increase in mRNA levels of these targets (P < 0.05 for all) followed by a decrease by 48 hours. This was accompanied by an increase in protein levels of these targets (P < 0.05 for all). Overexpression of miR-122 led to a significant decrease in protein levels of these targets.NASH is associated with altered hepatic microRNA expression. Underexpression of miR-122 potentially contributes to altered lipid metabolism implicated in the pathogenesis of NASH.
J-Shaped Relationship between Blood Pressure and Mortality in Hypertensive Patients: New Insights from a Meta-Analysis of Individual-Patient Data
Authors: Florent Boutitie, François Gueyffier, Stuart Pocock, Robert Fagard, Jean Pierre Boissel
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Background: Population-based longitudinal studies of hypertension have usually shown a continuous and positive relationship between blood pressure and mortality. However, several studies in hypertensive patients receiving treatment have described this relationship as J-shaped, with an increased risk for events in patients with low blood pressure. Objective: To assess the evidence for a J-shaped relationship between blood pressure and mortality and its relation to treatment. Design: Meta-analysis of individual-patient data. Setting: Seven randomized clinical trials from the INDANA (INdividual Data ANalysis of Antihypertensive intervention) database. Patients: 40 233 persons with hypertension (mean follow-up, 3.9 years). Intervention: Primarily β-blockers or thiazide diuretics versus placebo or no treatment. Measurements: Diastolic and systolic blood pressure and number of cardiovascular, noncardiovascular, and all-cause deaths in yearly periods of follow-up. Results: The analysis included data on 1655 deaths (56% cardiovascular). A J-shaped relationship between diastolic blood pressure and risk for death was observed for total and cardiovascular mortality in treated patients (nadir, 84 and 80 mm Hg, respectively) and untreated patients (nadir, 90 and 85 mm Hg, respectively). For noncardiovascular deaths, the relationship was J-shaped in the treated group (nadir, 84 mm Hg) and negative in the control group. Similar results were observed for systolic blood pressure. The presence of patients with wide pulse pressure did not explain these findings. Conclusions: The increased risk for events observed in patients with low blood pressure was not related to antihypertensive treatment and was not specific to blood pressure–related events. Poor health conditions leading to low blood pressure and an increased risk for death probably explain the J-shaped curve.
Intramyocellular Fatty-Acid Metabolism Plays a Critical Role in Mediating Responses to Dietary Restriction in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Subhash D. Katewa, Fabio Demontis, Marysia Kolipinski, Alan Hubbard, Matthew S. Gill, Norbert Perrimon, Simon Melov, Pankaj Kapahi
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2012)
Cancer rehabilitation. An analysis of 36 program approaches
Authors: R. F. Harvey
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Information about comprehensive rehabilitation for patients with cancer is limited. Only a few descriptions of existing models are found in the literature. A survey questionnaire concerning the description and operation of cancer rehabilitation programs was developed and mailed to identified programs in 95 facilities throughout the country. Thirty-six facilities responded with data appropriate for analysis of their method of organization, treatment approaches, team composition, program emphasis, evaluation procedures, and program results. A literature and survey analysis provide support for an interdisciplinary team approach for rehabilitation of cancer patients disabled by the disease or its treatment. In addition, the survey shows favorable acceptance and success of cancer rehabilitation programs, especially in community hospital settings.
Tolerability of Nintedanib (BIBF 1120) in Combination with Docetaxel: A Phase 1 Study in Japanese Patients with Previously Treated Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Isamu Okamoto, Masaki Miyazaki, Masayuki Takeda, Masaaki Terashima, Koichi Azuma, Hidetoshi Hayashi, Hiroyasu Kaneda, Takayasu Kurata, Junji Tsurutani, Takashi Seto, Fumihiko Hirai, Koichi Konishi, Akiko Sarashina, Nobutaka Yagi, Rolf Kaiser, Kazuhiko Nakagawa
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2014)
C7-04: Efficacy of BIBW 2992, a potent irreversible inhibitor of EGFR and HER2 in human NSCLC xenografts and in a transgenic mouse lung-cancer model
Authors: Takeshi Shimamura, Heidi Greulich, Flavio F. Solca, Kwok-Kin Wong
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Comment on: Cohen et al. Effects of Gastric Bypass Surgery in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Only Mild Obesity. Diabetes Care 2012;35:1420–1428
Authors: Shwetha Thukunthla, L. Maria Belalcazar
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

Cohen et al. (1) have taken a lead role in examining the effects of gastric bypass surgery in a population of patients who may benefit from bariatric procedures but who, because of weight-limiting criteria, are not deemed candidates by current guidelines. The authors concluded that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is a safe and effective procedure to ameliorate type 2 diabetes and to reduce …
Host-Mediated Inflammation Disrupts the Intestinal Microbiota and Promotes the Overgrowth of Enterobacteriaceae
Authors: Claudia Lupp, Marilyn L. Robertson, Mark E. Wickham, Inna Sekirov, Olivia L. Champion, Erin C. Gaynor, B. Brett Finlay
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2007)
Major publisher retracts 43 papers, alleging fake peer review
Authors: O. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

BioMed Central, the UK based publisher of 277 medical and scientific journals, has retracted 43 papers “because the peer-review process was inappropriately influenced and compromised,” said a statement in a string of retraction notices published this week.

“As a result,” each notice continues, “the scientific integrity of the article cannot be guaranteed. A systematic and detailed investigation suggests that a third party was involved in supplying fabricated details of potential peer reviewers for a large number of manuscripts submitted to different journals.”

BioMed Central detected a handful of cases last year in which authors had submitted fake names, or real names with fake email addresses, as …
Staphylococcal Susceptibility To Penicillin G
Authors: A. K. Pfister
Journal: JAMA (1974)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent report by Ross et al (229:1075, 1974), concerning changing susceptibility patterns to<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, prompted a review of cultures in our hospital. Data on 618<i>S aureus</i>cultures from Dec 1, 1973, through June 30, 1974 (processed by the Kirby-Bauer technique) reinforce their findings. Forty of 333 inpatient isolates (13.5%) were sensitive to penicillin G, whereas 55 of 281 outpatient isolates (24.3%) were sensitive to penicillin G. Thus, of the total isolates, only 18.2% were sensitive to penicillin G. We believe that one of the semisynthetic penicillins should be employed instead of penicillin G in any suspected<i>S aureus</i>infection severe enough to require antibiotics, until sensitivity studies are available.
Prognostic Value of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Stress Tests
Authors: Cosima Jahnke, Eike Nagel, Rolf Gebker, Thomas Kokocinski, Sebastian Kelle, Robert Manka, Eckart Fleck, Ingo Paetsch
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Adenosine stress magnetic resonance perfusion (MRP) and dobutamine stress magnetic resonance (DSMR) wall motion analyses are highly accurate for the detection of myocardial ischemia. However, knowledge about the prognostic value of stress MR examinations is limited. We sought to determine the value of MRP and DSMR, as assessed during a single-session examination, in predicting the outcome of patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. Methods and Results— In 513 patients (with known or suspected coronary disease, prior coronary artery bypass graft, or percutaneous coronary intervention), a combined single-session magnetic resonance stress examination (MRP and DSMR) was performed at 1.5 T. For first-pass perfusion imaging, the standard adenosine stress imaging protocol (140 μg · kg −1 · min −1 for 6 minutes, 3-slice turbo field echo–echo-planar imaging or steady-state free precession sequence, 0.05 mmol/kg Gd-DTPA) was applied, and for DSMR, the standard high-dose dobutamine/atropine protocol (steady-state free-precession cine sequence) was applied. Stress testing was classified as pathological if at MRP ≥1 segment showed an inducible perfusion deficit &gt;25% transmurality or if at DSMR ≥1 segment showed an inducible wall motion abnormality. During a median follow-up of 2.3 years (range, 0.06 to 4.55 years), 19 cardiac events occurred (4.1%; 9 cardiac deaths, 10 nonfatal myocardial infarctions). The 3-year event-free survival was 99.2% for patients with normal MRP and DSMR and 83.5% for those with abnormal MRP and DSMR. Univariate analysis showed ischemia identified by MRP and DSMR to be predictive of cardiac events (hazard ratio, 12.51; 95% confidence interval, 3.64 to 43.03; and hazard ratio, 5.42; 95% confidence interval, 2.18 to 13.50; P &lt;0.001, respectively); other predictors were diabetes mellitus, known coronary artery disease, and the presence of resting wall motion abnormality. By multivariate analysis, ischemia on magnetic resonance stress testing (MRP or DSMR) was an independent predictor of cardiac events. In a stepwise multivariate model (Cox regression), an abnormal magnetic resonance stress test result had significant incremental value over clinical risk factors and resting wall motion abnormality ( P &lt;0.001). Conclusions— In patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease, myocardial ischemia detected by MRP and DSMR can be used to identify patients at high risk for subsequent cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction. For patients with normal MRP and DSMR, the 3-year event-free survival was 99.2%. MR stress testing provides important incremental information over clinical risk factors and resting wall motion abnormalities.
Observations on phagocytosis of urate crystals by polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
Authors: K T Rajan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1975)

The sequence of events that may initiate the inflammatory reaction in acute gout has been investigated with specific reference to phagocytosis of urate crystals by polymorphonuclear leucocytes and the results have shown (1) that neutrophil leucocytes avidly ingest microcrystals of sodium monourate, (2) that this causes the rapid degranulation and disintegration of the leucocytes, (3) that fresh leucocytes ingest the debris and crystals liberated by the dead cells, and in their turn degranulate and die, thus possibly establishing a vicious circle in the system.
Cancer Agents Show First-Line Potential
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pain and injury in sport: social and ethical analysis
Authors: C Milne
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2006)

By Sigmund Loland, Berit Skirstad, Ivan Waddington. Published by Routledge, 2005, £80, 288 pp, softcover. ISBN 9780415357036

Clinicians do not have a monopoly on descriptions and analysis of pain in sport and this book is an eloquent testament to that fact. Written by a group of European and North American social scientists, it is a distillation of the proceedings of a workshop entitled “Pain and Injury in Sport”, held in Oslo in February 2004.

Many of the ideas in this book are related closely to the movement from the purely physical to the modern biopsychosocial model …
Managing SARS amidst Uncertainty
Authors: Richard P. Wenzel, Michael B. Edmond
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

In November 2002, a businessman from the city of Foshan in the southern Chinese province of Guangdong may have been the first victim of a mysterious illness called severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Guangdong Province, an agricultural area with a population of 75 million, has thousands of farms with large and small animals, a subtropical climate, and rainfall of about 2 m per year. The first patient and many others received no international attention until February 2003, when a physician from Guangdong Province became ill while staying on the ninth floor of a hotel in Hong Kong. Twelve guests became . . .
Differential Diagnosis and Heuristics
Authors: David A. Nardone
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In their recent article Wolf et al<sup>1</sup>assert that trainees should address uncertainty by searching for clinical manifestations regarding one disease as opposed to using a strategy permitting evaluation of symptoms and signs across multiple diseases. They reason that this is the result of the educational model that focuses on pathophysiological disease entities whereby the clinician has learned to recognize patterns and clusters. Although I do not necessarily disagree with their assertion or their study, I do prefer to reflect on these concepts according to two other models, previously addressed in the literature, both of which are descriptive and perhaps prescriptive in nature. In the first, Johnson et al<sup>2</sup>discuss the "breadth" vs "depth" approaches. The breadth strategy enables the clinician to maintain consideration of all major hypotheses as evaluation proceeds, whereas in the depth strategy one hypothesis is considered until disconfirmed. Other labels for
Recurring Dislocation of the Lower Jaw: A Method of Treatment by Operation
Authors: F. Marsh
Journal: BMJ (1892)

82RIZDLJUNTdistinctive notes of being under the dominion of the nervous system.(b) It may receive an initial impulse from rheumatism or gout, and possibly from other diathetic conditions.All causes of nerve depression and blood deterioration favour the rheumatoidal state.(c) When fully developed it is itself the cause of an ",arthritic cachexia,"-to borrow an expressive phrase from Sir Dyce Duckworth.(d) This cachexia may by associated with profound lesions of nutrition, with pain, with atrophy, with errors of inhibitive control, and with even visceral disease.(e) Amelioration, and perhaps even cure, are possible in the earliest stages; but beyond a certain point, rheumatoid arthritis is as unmanageable as if it belonged to a malignant nosology.