tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Surveillance of Respiratory Virus Infections Among Alaskan Eskimo Children
Authors: James E. Maynard
Journal: JAMA (1967)

During the winter of 1966, surveillance of acute virusassociated respiratory disease was undertaken among Eskimo children resident at Bethel, Alaska. Combined serologic and isolation studies revealed evidence of viral association in 48 (75%) of the cases. A respiratory syncytial virus outbreak and a mixed influenza A2 and B epidemic occurred during the study period. Evidence of simultaneous infection with influenza A2 and B viruses was obtained in 13 children. Other isolations included parainfluenza virus types 1 and 3, adenovirus types 2 and 5, rhinovirus, and herpes simplex virus. Virus transport medium consisting of tryptose phosphate broth with 0.5% gelatin and 1% chicken serum proved suitable for isolation of respiratory syncytial virus, despite one cycle of freeze-thaw with storage at —70 C for as long as ten days prior to attempts at viral isolation.
Does sensorimotor contingency theory account for perceptual-motor dissociations?
Authors: Francesco Lacquaniti, Myrka Zago
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

We review studies that indicate a dissociation between the perceptual estimate and the resulting cognitive representation of given properties of a seen object, on the one hand, and the motor action exerted on the same object. We propose that there exist multiple levels of organization of sensorimotor loops and that internal models may be made accessible to one level of organization while remaining inaccessible to another level.
Canada's plan to sell generic drugs to developing countries is threatened
Authors: David Spurgeon
Journal: BMJ (2004)

The Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network has posted an urgent action alert on its website asking Canadians to write to Prime Minister Paul Martin by 22 March demanding amendments to a bill before parliament concerning the sale of generic drugs to developing countries www.aidslaw.ca/. The network maintains that the bill as it stands will prevent manufacturers of generic drugs from selling them to poor countries to fight diseases such as AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis.

“Unless amended, Bill C-9 will not lead to cheaper medicines for people most in need,” the website says.

Bill C-9 was first introduced in November 2003 as Bill C-56 ( BMJ News extra 2003;327:832) and was reinstated in February 2004. Its purpose …
CASE OF MULTIPLE CYSTICERCUS OF THE SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUES
Authors: P. H. PYE-SMITH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1892)

into Guy's Hospital, under my care, on the 7th of April, 1892.He was a rather short but well-made man with large chest and good muscular development, with scarcely any subcutaneous fat, SO that when stripped he looked like an athlete in training rather than a beer-drinking labourer.The skin was soft and white, and the numerous nodules scattered over the surface could be readily felt, and in a favourable light almost as readily seen.He had enlisted in the army at twenty-one years of age, and had epent six years in service in India and Burmah.He had enjoyed excellent health, with scarcely an interruption, and for more than two years had been very temperate.He was discharged from the army in April 1891, after nearly eight years' service, and became a labourer in a paper mill.In the following June he was admitted into Guy's Hospital under my colleague, Dr. Goodhart, suffering from epidemic influenza, which was followed by neuralgic headache.While in the hospital he noticed a small lump on his left arm, and since his discharge, last July, he has seen several others appear on the other arm, on both thighs, on the neck, shoulders, and lastly on the face.At last one appeared near the inner canthus of the left eye, which annoyed him and led him to seek relief.Mr. Infield, my clinical clerk, counted no less than fifty of these subcutaneous nodules on the face and neck, the trunk and the limbs.Some were no bigger than a pea, the largest appeared to equal a marble in size.Some were deeper than others, and lay in the connective tissue between the muscles of the arms and legs.These tumours were quite painless ; they were rounded, smooth and elastic, and slightly moveable.The skin moved freely over them.
Enhanced Tracking of Tissue for Transplantation
Authors: John S. DePaolo, James M. Barbeau
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The 1-year Results of CLEAR-IT 2, a Phase 2 Study of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Trap-Eye Dosed As-needed After 12-week Fixed Dosing
Authors: Jeffrey S. Heier, David Boyer, Quan Dong Nguyen, Dennis Marcus, Daniel B. Roth, George Yancopoulos, Neil Stahl, Avner Ingerman, Robert Vitti, Alyson J. Berliner, Ke Yang, David M. Brown
Journal: Ophthalmology (2011)
Cryohypophysectomy for Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: LEONARD I. GOLDSTEIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1968)

Letters and Comments1 June 1968Cryohypophysectomy for Diabetic RetinopathyLEONARD I. GOLDSTEIN, M.D.LEONARD I. GOLDSTEIN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-68-6-1372_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editor:The recent review of "Diabetes Mellitus: Current Concepts and Vascular Lesions" (Ann. Intern. Med. 68: 634, 1968) was indeed informative and read with great interest. The results of stereotaxic cryohypophysectomy in carefully selected cases seem promising. Dr. Rand stated that this procedure "carries a smaller prevalence of complications than alternative surgical techniques for pituitary ablation." In a series of pituitary ablations by stalk section (1), similar results were obtained, but two deaths that were attributed to hypoglycemia or possibly adrenal insufficiency were also noted. Transient diabetes insipidus was also encountered, and in another report (2) symptoms of...References1. RUCKER CW, GASTINEAU CF, and SVIEN HJ: Effect of section of pituitary stalk on diabetic retinopathy. Mayo Clin. Proc. 42: 409, 1967. MedlineGoogle Scholar2. GASTINEAU CF, FRETHEM AA, SVIEN HJ, MAGID GA, and KEARNS TP: Hyponatremia after section of pituitary stalk for diabetic retinopathy. Ibid., p. 400. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: LEONARD I. GOLDSTEIN, M.D.Affiliations: V VI Medical Service Boston City Hospital Boston, Mass. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1968Volume 68, Issue 6 Page: 1372-1373 Keywords Cardiac ablation Diabetes mellitus Diabetic retinopathy Hypoglycemia Lesions ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1968 PDF downloadLoading ...
Diabetes Mellitus and Skeletal Fracture
Authors: Prema Raghu
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To the Editor.—  Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDD) or non-IDD can experience severe osteopenia. 1-3 However, it has been claimed that the risk for fracture is not increased in patients with osteopenia secondary to diabetes mellitus. 4 Contrary to this view, it has been our clinical impression that some patients with diabetes seem to have fractures with only minimal trauma, and others heal very slowly. A patient with IDD and severe osteopenia apparently caused by diabetes and multiple fractures inappropriate to the degree of trauma recently was seen by us.  Report of a Case.—  A 26-year-old man with a history of IDD since the age of 10 years and no other known diseases complained of a backache of one year's duration. His spinal roentgenograms showed a compression fracture with reduction of anterior vertical height of T-8 and T-12. Substantial osteoporosis was noted. Regional bone mass was determined with a
An Atlas of Radiation Histopathology
Authors: F. L. Jennings
Journal: JAMA (1976)

Though radiation pathology is discussed in many medical texts, it is usually given only cursory, general consideration or is related only to a single organ. This is the first complete consideration of tissue changes induced by radiation. While the author recognized the need, he failed to meet that need, and unfortunately, this book falls short of a worthy goal. The volume is organized into 12 organ-related chapters of which the first, "Acute Radiation Effects," makes up one third of the total work and includes hematopoietic and lymphoid changes, in addition to systemic effects. Included here are five case histories of nuclear accidents, with illustrations of tissue changes of acute radiation exposure. Then follow chapters that systematically discuss effects in the major organ systems. These chapters are profusely illustrated with photomicrographs; excellent line drawings are scattered through these pages and are particularly helpful for microanatomic explorations. The photomicrographs throughout are soft
In vivo 31P nuclear magnetic resonance measurements in canine heart using a catheter-coil.
Authors: H L Kantor, R W Briggs, R S Balaban
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

We have developed a new method of obtaining high resolution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectra from canine heart without the need for major surgery. This is done by passing an elliptical nuclear magnetic resonance receiver coil through a peripheral blood vessel into the right or left ventricle. This technique enables spectra to be obtained from a defined region of myocardium in less than 7 minutes (for the right ventricle) with a signal:noise ratio of greater than 9:1. With this catheter-coil, useful cardiac metabolic information will be obtainable, not only from specified regions of the heart, but also from various layers of myocardium.
A Death in the Family
Authors: Morris A. Wessel
Journal: JAMA (1975)

WITH the incessant discussion of death and dying in the lay press, physicians will receive more and more requests for help. Consider the following inquiries I received during the past few months from adults seeking to help children to cope with the death of an important adult in their life. Mrs. Adams, mother of an 8-year-old, asks, "I don't know what to do. My daughter's second-grade teacher died yesterday. She was a wonderful person. All the children loved her. Susy insists she wants to attend the funeral. Should I let her go? Won't it be frightening for her?" Mr. Brown, the father of 4-year-old Bobby, says, "My son knows his mother is very sick, for she has been in and out of the hospital many times in the last year. She will probably die within the next week. I have told him that his mother may die, and that we
Hazard of Retrograde Aortography in Dissecting Aneurysm
Authors: WILLIAM L. HART, EDWARD J. BERMAN, RICHARD J. LACOM
Journal: Circulation (1963)

During retrograde catheterization via the femoral artery and the brachial artery, the false lumen of a dissecting aneurysm was inadvertently entered in two patients. Bilateral carotid occlusion was produced in one by the high-pressure injection of contrast material into the false passage. A method is suggested to avoid this hazard.
The American Psychoanalytic Association and Community Psychiatry
Authors: BERNARD BANDLER
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

Although many psychoanalysts have individually become involved in and contributed to community psychiatry programs, the American Psychoanalytic Association itself has remained aloof. This official detachment has serious implications, the author believes, for the growth of both community psychiatry and psychoanalysis. He calls for a return to the broader original goals of the association—the integration of psychoanalysis with other branches of medicine and the advancement of the general welfare through research—which clearly relate to the issues raised by community psychiatry.
Air quality in postunification Erfurt, East Germany: associating changes in pollutant concentrations with changes in emissions.
Authors: S Ebelt, M Brauer, J Cyrys, T Tuch, W G Kreyling, H E Wichmann, J Heinrich
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2001)

The unification of East and West Germany in 1990 resulted in sharp decreases in emissions of major air pollutants. This change in air quality has provided an opportunity for a natural experiment to evaluate the health impacts of air pollution. We evaluated airborne particle size distribution and gaseous co-pollutant data collected in Erfurt, Germany, throughout the 1990s and assessed the extent to which the observed changes are associated with changes in the two major emission sources: coal burning for power production and residential heating, and motor vehicles. Continuous data for sulfur dioxide, total suspended particulates (TSP), nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and meteorologic parameters were available for 1990-1999, and size-selective particle number and mass concentration measurements were made during winters of 1991 and 1998. We used hourly profiles of pollutants and linear regression analyses, stratified by year, weekday/weekend, and hour, using NO and SO(2) as markers of traffic- and heating-related combustion sources, respectively, to study the patterns of various particle size fractions. Supplementary data on traffic and heating-related sources were gathered to support hypotheses linking these sources with observed changes in ambient air pollution levels. Substantially decreased (19-91%) concentrations were observed for all pollutants, with the exception of particles in the 0.01-0.03 microm size range (representing the smallest ultrafine particles that were measured). The number concentration for these particles increased by 115% between 1991 and 1998. The ratio of these ultrafine particles to TSP also increased by more than 500%, indicating a dramatic change in the size distribution of airborne particles. Analysis of hourly concentration patterns indicated that in 1991, concentrations of SO(2) and larger particle sizes were related to residential heating with coal. These peaks were no longer evident in 1998 due to decreases in coal consumption and consequent decreased emissions of SO(2) and larger particles. These decreases in coal combustion and the decreased concentrations of SO(2) and particles of larger size classes may have led to decreased particle scavenging and may be partially responsible for the observed increases in ultrafine particles. Traffic-related changes, such as increased numbers of trucks and increased use of diesel vehicles in Erfurt, were also associated with increased number concentrations of ultrafine particles. Morning particle peaks of all sizes were associated with NO and CO (markers for traffic) in both the 1991 and 1998 periods. There were significant differences in the ultrafine particle levels for morning hours between 1991 and 1998, suggesting that traffic was the cause of this increase.
Identification and Functional Characterization of tRNA-derived RNA Fragments (tRFs) in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
Authors: Qingrong Wang, Inhan Lee, Junping Ren, Subramanian Shankar Ajay, Yong Sun Lee, Xiaoyong Bao
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2012)

The discovery of small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) with regulatory functions is a recent breakthrough in biology. Among sncRNAs, microRNA (miRNA), derived from host or virus, has emerged as elements with high importance in control of viral replication and host responses. However, the expression pattern and functional aspects of other types of sncRNAs, following viral infection, are unexplored. In order to define expression patterns of sncRNAs, as well as to discover novel regulatory sncRNAs in response to viral infection, we applied deep sequencing to cells infected with human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in babies. RSV infection leads to abundant production of transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived RNA Fragments (tRFs) that are ~30 nucleotides (nts) long and correspond to the 5′-half of mature tRNAs. At least one tRF, which is derived from tRNA-Glu-CTC, represses target mRNA in the cytoplasm and promotes RSV replication. This demonstrates that this tRF is not a random by-product of tRNA degradation but a functional molecule. The biogenesis of this tRF is also specific, as it is mediated by the endonuclease angiogenin (ANG), not by other nucleases. In summary, our study presents novel information on the induction of a functional tRF by viral infection. The discovery of small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) with regulatory functions is a recent breakthrough in biology. Among sncRNAs, microRNA (miRNA), derived from host or virus, has emerged as elements with high importance in control of viral replication and host responses. However, the expression pattern and functional aspects of other types of sncRNAs, following viral infection, are unexplored. In order to define expression patterns of sncRNAs, as well as to discover novel regulatory sncRNAs in response to viral infection, we applied deep sequencing to cells infected with human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in babies. RSV infection leads to abundant production of transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived RNA Fragments (tRFs) that are ~30 nucleotides (nts) long and correspond to the 5′-half of mature tRNAs. At least one tRF, which is derived from tRNA-Glu-CTC, represses target mRNA in the cytoplasm and promotes RSV replication. This demonstrates that this tRF is not a random by-product of tRNA degradation but a functional molecule. The biogenesis of this tRF is also specific, as it is mediated by the endonuclease angiogenin (ANG), not by other nucleases. In summary, our study presents novel information on the induction of a functional tRF by viral infection.
How Readable Are Subject Consent Forms?
Authors: Gary R. Morrow
Journal: JAMA (1980)

A consent to treatment form provides required information that a patient may use to give intelligent, informed consent to proposed treatment. This study applied two standard techniques to assess the degree to which 60 informed consent forms from five national cancer clinical trial groups were readable and understandable by patients. The forms were found slightly less difficult to comprehend than medical journals but substantially more difficult than comparable materials from the popular press. Three of four passages describing treatment methods, procedures, discomforts, and risks required a college level or greater reading ability to comprehend. Informed consent documents may not be understood by a substantial portion of patients who sign them. The very regulations designed to ensure a patient's informed cooperation with treatment may inadvertently lead to forms that are so complex as to make informed cooperation virtually impossible.
Drug use in prison
Authors: P Turnbull, G V Stimson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - Michael Ross and colleagues point to the problem of drug use and injecting in English and Welsh prisons and the threat this poses for HIV transmission.1 Previous studies of injecting drug users have consistently shown that the majority will at some time be imprisoned and that about a third of this group will inject in prison, of whom about three quarters will share needles and syringes.*RF 2-7*

Our recent data show no improvement in the situation. From a sample of 507 injecting drug misusers …
Mechanical Ventilatory Support
Authors: Roy D. Cane
Journal: JAMA (1985)

SUCCESSFUL techniques for mechanically supporting ventilation have been available since the 1920s. Positive-pressure ventilation was initially utilized in conjunction with anesthesia and surgery, while negative-pressure ventilators (iron lungs) were most commonly employed outside the operating room. The efficacy of negative-pressure techniques for supporting acutely ill patients was seriously questioned during World War II, and positive-pressure ventilation was firmly established as the superior technique by 1955.<sup>1,2</sup>The advantages of positive-pressure ventilation are the ability to ventilate adequately despite increased airway resistance and/or decreased lung compliance, patient accessibility since the ventilator is not "encasing" the patient, and provision of adequate bronchial hygiene via endotracheal tube suctioning The disadvantages of positive-pressure ventilation are directly related to pulmonary physiology. Gas moves into the lungs in response to transairway (tracheal to alveolar) pressure gradients. Spontaneous ventilation produces a transairway pressure gradient by decreasing pleural pressures, thereby creating transpulmonary pressure (tracheal to pleural pressure) gradients.
Radiofrequency catheter ablation of atriofascicular and nodoventricular Mahaim tracts.
Authors: H R Grogin, R J Lee, M Kwasman, L M Epstein, D J Schamp, M D Lesh, M M Scheinman
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of tachycardia in patients with Mahaim tracts. The tachycardia may involve antegrade conduction over an atriofascicular pathway with decremental properties or a nodofascicular pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS We report six patients with recurrent episodes of preexcited tachycardia with findings consistent with "Mahaim tract" conduction. All patients exhibited decremental antegrade preexcited conduction with atrial pacing and a preexcited tachycardia with initial activation of the proximal right bundle branch. In four patients (group 1), atrial premature complexes (APCs) induced at the tricuspid annulus just after the inscription of the septal atrial electrogram and during left bundle branch block preexcited tachycardia advanced the next preexcited ventricular complex. In these patients, discrete Mahaim potentials were inscribed over the right anterolateral or lateral tricuspid annulus. Two patients (group 2) had evidence of dual atrioventricular nodal conduction. APCs during left bundle branch block tachycardia just after inscription of the septal atrial electrogram failed to advance the next ventricular complex with similar preexcited morphology, and no Mahaim potentials could be recorded from the tricuspid annulus. In group 1 patients, application of radiofrequency energy to sites recording the Mahaim potentials resulted in tachycardia cure. For patients in group 2, selective slow atrioventricular nodal pathway ablation in the midseptal region resulted in complete ablation of both the slow atrioventricular nodal pathway and Mahaim conduction in two patients. CONCLUSIONS Mahaim tachycardia can be due to atriofascicular pathways, which may be ablated over the right tricuspid annulus, or to septal pathways, which may arise from the slow atrioventricular nodal pathway in patients with dual atrioventricular nodal physiology. In the latter circumstance, successful ablation is achieved by placing the lesion in the midseptal region.