tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
72. Capsid Modifications Overcome Low Heterogeneous Expression of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan That Limits AAV2-Mediated Gene Transfer and Therapeutic Efficacy in Human Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Jeffrey S. Bartlett, Wenfang Shi
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Ovarian cancer is one of the more common malignancies affecting women in the United States. Our goal has been to develop a gene-based therapy for ovarian cancer using AAV as a vector. However, the utility of AAV vectors for ovarian cancer gene therapy is limited by the distribution of heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), the virus's primary attachment receptor, on tumor cell populations. In order to achieve HSPG-independent gene delivery, we have shown that the tropism of AAV can be expanded by genetically altering the viral capsid.
Early gastric cancer: the case for long term surveillance.
Authors: P W Houghton, N J Mortensen, A Allan, R C Williamson, J D Davies
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Thirty five patients with early gastric cancer have been treated at the Bristol Royal Infirmary since 1965. The number of cases diagnosed has doubled in the last 10 years. Epigastric pain (74%), loss of weight (63%), and gastrointestinal bleeding (43%) were the most common presenting symptoms, with a median length of history of 12 months (range five days to 72 months). Life table survival curves showed a crude five year survival of 71% (age adjusted 92%) and a crude 10 year survival of 63% (age adjusted 85%). Sixteen patients have been followed up clinically, endoscopically, and by scintigraphy with technetium-99m p-butyl iminodiacetic acid to assess the risk of recurrent disease. Of seven patients with pronounced bile reflux, two had moderate dysplasia of the gastric remnant, and one patient was found to have developed a metachronous tumour nine years after surgery. Partial resection seems to be the best choice of treatment for early gastric cancer, giving good functional results. Consideration should, however, be given to Roux en Y diversion, and long term surveillance of the gastric remnant is recommended.
Agreement of Immunosuppression Regimens Described in Medicare Pharmacy Claims with the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network Survey
Authors: Paula M. Stirnemann, Steven K. Takemoto, Mark A. Schnitzler, Daniel C. Brennan, Kevin C. Abbott, Paolo Salvalaggio, Thomas E. Burroughs, Jeffrey A. Gavard, Lisa M. Willoughby, Krista L. Lentine
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2006)

The Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) collects intermittent survey data on immunosuppressive medication use that are studied frequently as research measures. Pharmacy billing claims may provide an accurate measure of immunosuppression use over time. Herein is characterized the agreement of Medicare pharmacy claims for immunosuppressive medications with OPTN reports. Data were drawn from the United States Renal Data System. Participants received a kidney transplant in 2000 to 2001 and had an OPTN record and a Medicare pharmacy claim for an immunosuppressive drug at transplant discharge and 6 mo and 1 yr after transplantation. The concordance (kappa) of the OPTN and claims (+/-30 d of survey) for indicated medication use was compared, and sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values for claims were computed, assuming OPTN as a "gold standard." Clinical trial participation and regimen changes were examined as explanations for discordance. A total of 4357 eligible subjects were identified. Concordance over observation ranged from excellent for calcineurin inhibitors (kappa > 0.86) to generally very good for adjunctive agents (kappa = 0.49 to 0.75) to poor for corticosteroids (kappa <0.15). Claims demonstrated high positive predictive values (> or =97%) but low negative predictive values (< or =13%) for OPTN-reported corticosteroid use. Regimen changes (28 to 75%) but not clinical trial participation (< or =21%) were identified frequently among cases with discordant indications of nonsteroid medication use. Close agreement of Medicare billing claims and the OPTN for indicated use of nonsteroid immunosuppressive medications supports both as useful measures of drug exposure. Low detection rates of OPTN-indicated corticosteroid use within claims require further examination.
Uptake of functionalized, fluorescent-labeled polymeric particles in different cell lines and stem cells
Authors: Myriam Ricarda Lorenz, Verena Holzapfel, Anna Musyanovych, Karin Nothelfer, Paul Walther, Hendrik Frank, Katharina Landfester, Hubert Schrezenmeier, Volker Mailänder
Journal: Biomaterials (2006)
Abstract 2043: Modeling the differential responses of cancer stem cells (CSCs) as heterogeneous versus homogenous populations in human cancers
Authors: Maria L. Mancini
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Emerging data suggests that many human cancers including breast, brain, lung, colon, pancreatic and head and neck cancer are maintained by a subpopulation of self-renewing cells characterized as cancer stem cells that contribute to tumor growth and metastasis. Cancer stem cells have become an important target for new treatment paradigms as they may hold the key to solving treatment resistance and tumor recurrence. Paramount to the development of new therapies that preferentially target cancer stem cells is having predictable and clinically relevant models that accurately represent stem cell behavior and the tumor microenvironment. Examination of cancer stem cells both as a homogenous population and as a heterogeneous population interacting with other tumor cells is required for the development of effective treatments for stem cell driven tumor types. To address this we developed in vitro and in vivo cancer stem cell models of breast and pancreatic cancers to provide a comprehensive approach for preclinical research in these areas. Using the MDA-MB-231 and BxPC3 human cancer cell lines we are able to show the differential responses of cancer stem cells isolated from the parent lines to the standard chemotherapeutic agents docetaxel and gemcitabine with and without the small molecule inhibitor Reparixin specifically designed to inhibit cancer stem cells. Treatment response differences between homogeneous cancer stem cell versus heterogeneous populations were revealed in their growth, differentiation and invasiveness as determined by 2D and 3D tumorsphere assays. This response is also recapitulated in vivo using IVIS imaging to compare orthotopic tumor growth of isolated cancer stem cells and the parent lines treated with standard chemotherapeutics agents with or without combination Reparixin treatment. These results emphasize the need to employ a multifaceted approach to specifically target cancer stem cells in preclinical drug development to identify successful therapies for use as part of an overall treatment regimen in recurring or treatment resistant cancers. Citation Format: Maria L. Mancini. Modeling the differential responses of cancer stem cells (CSCs) as heterogeneous versus homogenous populations in human cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2043. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2043
Remarks on Resection of the Tarsal Bones for Talipes
Authors: J. F. West
Journal: BMJ (1878)

bones of the tarsus, the head and neck of the astrlus may be said to be very nearly in a line with the antero-postenrior axis of the trocheal surface.But in the astragalus of a newly born child with talipes varus,% there will be observed a peculiar bending or angular curve in the bone, by which the axis of the head and the axis of the body or trocheal surface are placed at a very conspicuous angle to each other.And this is well seen in this preparation, where, from confirmed growth in an abnormal direction, the bone has that peculiar curved or twisted form which Mr. Adams has so well described./
Should Prophylactic Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy Be Used in Acute Myocardial Infarction?
Authors: Donald C. Harrison
Journal: JAMA (1982)

FOLLOWING acute myocardial infarction, death generally results from two pathophysiological processes. In the period early after infarction, electrical processes such as primary ventricular fibrillation (fibrillation unassociated with heart failure or cardiogenic shock) accounts for the largest percentage of deaths. These deaths occur primarily in the first 24 hours after infarction and occur with a higher frequency during the first four hours from the onset of chest pain and with decreasing frequency through the next 20 hours. Later deaths from acute myocardial infarction may also be electrical. However, a mechanical process, defined as cardiogenic shock, congestive heart failure, or both owing to extensive necrosis of muscle and loss of the mechanical function of the heart, may account for many of these deaths. The final common pathway for many of these pump failures is also ventricular fibrillation (defined as secondary ventricular fibrillation).  Unlike primary ventricular fibrillation, a significant fraction of deaths in
B-Cell Immunodeficiency in Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
Authors: Arthur J. Ammann
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To investigate B-cell function in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), we immunized a group of patients with AIDS with pneumococcal polysaccharide (tetradecavalent) and protein (keyhole-limpet hemocyanin) antigens. Antibody responses were determined three to four weeks after immunization. Compared with controls, patients with AIDS had significantly lower geometric mean antibody levels to polysaccharide before and after immunization. Levels before and after immunization were frequently below a level thought to correlate with protection. Patients with AIDS also had a significant reduction in their primary antibody response to the protein antigens. The results of these studies indicate that AIDS is associated with an acquired B-cell as well as T-cell immunodeficiency. It is suggested that future studies should consider the evaluation of passive antibody in the prevention of infection and/or prevention of progressive immunodeficiency.
Antenatal Syphilis Screening Using Point-of-Care Testing in Sub-Saharan African Countries: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Andreas Kuznik, Mohammed Lamorde, Agnes Nyabigambo, Yukari C. Manabe
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2013)

Yukari Manabe and colleagues evaluate the cost-effectiveness and budget impact of antenatal syphilis screening for 43 countries in sub-Saharan Africa and estimate the impact of universal screening on averted stillbirths, neonatal deaths, congenital syphilis, and DALYs. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
Working hours as a risk factor for acute myocardial infarction in Japan: case-control study
Authors: S. Sokejima, S. Kagamimori
Journal: BMJ (1998)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective:</b> To clarify the extent to which working hours affect the risk of acute myocardial infarction, independent of established risk factors and occupational conditions. <b>Design:</b> Case-control study. <b>Setting:</b> University and general hospitals and routine medical examinations at workplaces in Japan. <b>Subjects:</b> Cases were 195 men aged 30-69 years admitted to hospital with acute myocardial infarction during 1990-3. Controls were 331 men matched at group level for age and occupation who were judged to be free of coronary heart diseases at routine medical examinations in the workplace. <b>Main outcome measures:</b> Odds ratios for myocardial infarction in relation to previous mean daily working hours in a month and changes in mean working hours during previous year. <b>Results:</b> Compared with men with mean working hours of &gt;7-9 hours, the odds ratio of acute myocardial infarction (adjusted for age and occupation) for men with working hours of &gt;11 hours was 2.44 (95% confidence interval 1.26 to 4.73) and for men with working hours of 7 hours was 3.07 (1.77 to 5.32). Compared with men who experienced an increase of 1 hour in mean working hours, the adjusted odds ratio of myocardial infarction for men who experienced an increase of &gt;3 hours was 2.53 (1.34 to 4.77). No appreciable change was observed when odds ratios were adjusted for established and psychosocial risk factors for myocardial infarction. <b>Conclusion:</b> There was a U shaped relation between the mean working hours and the risk of acute myocardial infarction. There also seemed to be a trend for the risk of infarction to increase with greater increases in mean working hours.
Linkage of creatinine clearance to chromosome 10 in Utah pedigrees replicates a locus for end-stage renal disease in humans and renal failure in the fawn-hooded rat
Authors: Steven C. Hunt, Sandra J. Hasstedt, Hilary Coon, Nicola J. Camp, Richard M. Cawthon, Lily L. Wu, Paul N. Hopkins
Journal: Kidney International (2002)
Syed Irfan Ahmed
Authors: S. U. Qureshi, S. Ravi
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Syed Irfan Ahmed (“Irfan”) came to the United Kingdom in 1981. He worked in orthopaedics as a junior doctor in Huddersfield, Swindon, and Dartford before becoming a singlehanded general practitioner.

He was …
Right Hemiparesis in Right Carotid Stenosis
Authors: P. Profice, F. Pilato, A. Broccolini, A. Santoliquido, G. Della Marca, V. Di Lazzaro
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Figure 1.Ultrasound (2-dimensional) images of left (A) and right (C) internal carotid arteries (ICAs) and Doppler waveforms of left (B) and right (D) ICAs showing severe stenosis
Coming to America — International Medical Graduates in the United States
Authors: Graham T. McMahon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

They can't believe that I round at 6:30 a.m., that I am available to my patients 24 hours a day, or that I don't get paid overtime for long hours. My medical school classmates who continue to work in Ireland live a different life from mine — one that I have left behind.But I am not alone. International medical graduates account for a quarter of the 853,187 physicians in the United States,1 an increase of 160 percent since 1975. Immigrant physicians also account for 27 percent of the country's 96,937 residents and fellows,1 having migrated in search of training . . .
Characterization of the Binding of a Potent Synthetic Androgen, Methyltrienolone, to Human Tissues
Authors: Mani Menon, Catherine E. Tananis, L. Louise Hicks, Edward F. Hawkins, Martin G. McLoughlin, Patrick C. Walsh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

The potent synthetic androgen methytrienolone (R 1881), which does not bind to serum proteins, was utilized to characterize binding to receptors in human androgen responsive tissues. Cytosol extracts prepared from hypertrophic prostates (BPH) were utilized as the source of receptor for the initial studies. High affinity binding was detected in the cytosol of 29 of 30 samples of BPH (average number of binding sites, 45.8±4.7 fmol/mg of protein; dissociation constant, 0.9±0.2 nM). This binding had the characteristics of a receptor: heat lability, precipitability by 0-33% ammonium sulfate and by protamine sulfate, and 8S sedimentation coefficient. High affinity binding was also detected in cytosol prepared from seminal vesicle, epididymis, and genital skin but not in non-genital skin or muscle. However, similar binding was demonstrated in the cytosol of human uterus. The steroid specificities of binding to the cytosol of male tissues of accessory reproduction and of uterus were similar in that progestational agents were more effective competitors than natural androgens. Binding specificities in cytosol prepared from genital skin were distinctly different and were similar to those of ventral prostate from the castrated rat in that dihydrotestosterone was much more potent than progestins in competition. Thus binding of R 1881 to the cytosol of prostate, epididymis, and seminal vesicle has some characteristics of binding to a progesterone receptor.
575 Retreatment with peginterferon α-2a (40KD) (PEGASYS®) plus ribavirin (COPEGUS®) in pegylated interferon α-2b (12KD)/ribavirin non-responders with cirrhosis/advanced fibrosis: Repeat interim analysis
Authors: N. Gitlin, D. Jensen, A. Di Bisceglie, T. Berg, J. Salmeron, M. Rizzetto, C. Yurdaydin, P. Marcellin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2006)
Lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B: An observational study on adefovir in monotherapy or in combination with lamivudine
Authors: Silvia Gaia, Valeria Barbon, Antonina Smedile, Antonella Olivero, Silvia Carenzi, Marco Lagget, Carlo Alessandria, Mario Rizzetto, Alfredo Marzano
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
Proteinuria is preceded by decreased nitric oxide synthesis and prevented by a NO donor in cholesterol-fed rats
Authors: Diana M. Attia, Zhenmin N. Ni, Peter Boer, Mahmoud A. Attia, Roel Goldschmeding, Hein A. Koomans, Nosratola D. Vaziri, Jaap A. Joles
Journal: Kidney International (2002)
A Presentation at the Weekly Meeting of the Institutional Review Board
Authors: Carol Udycz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

On Being a Patient3 July 2001A Presentation at the Weekly Meeting of the Institutional Review BoardCarol Udycz, RN, BSN, CCMCarol Udycz, RN, BSN, CCMMs. Udycz: Cleveland Clinic Foundation; Cleveland, OH 44195Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-1-200107030-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Good afternoon. I consider the opportunity to address this group a great honor. I hope to provide you with valuable information by offering the patient perspective on experimental protocols. I am the research participant.Many people who know me think that I'm an expert on human experimentation, as I have had the good fortune of participating in three clinical trials during the past 5 years. I am not an expert, but I do consider myself a survivor because of those trials. Personally, I believe in the value of participating in clinical trials: It is what I can do to pay ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Ms. Udycz: Cleveland Clinic Foundation; Cleveland, OH 44195Acknowledgment: The author thanks Dr. Michael Lauer, Vice Chairman of the Cleveland Clinic Foundation Institutional Review Board, for his inspiration, guidance, and critical review of the manuscript.Corresponding Author: Michael S. Lauer, MD, Institutional Review Board, Desk F25, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195; e-mail, [email protected]org. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byLife on the Receiving End: A Qualitative Analysis of Health Providers??? Illness Narratives 3 July 2001Volume 135, Issue 1Page: 58-59KeywordsAnxietyBrainCancer treatmentClinical trialsFearInstitutional review boardsMeatNursesNutritionSports ePublished: 3 July 2001 Issue Published: 3 July 2001 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2001 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Book Review The Medical Treatment of Epilepsy Edited by Stanley R. Resor, Jr., and Henn Kutt. 734 pp., illustrated. New York, Marcel Dekker, 1992. $195. 0-8247-8549-5 Frontal Lobe Seizures and Epilepsies (Advances in Neurology. Vol. 57.) Edited by Patrick Chauvel, Antonio V. Delgado-Escueta, Eric Halgren, and Jean Bancaud. 750 pp., illustrated. New York, Raven Press, 1992. $95. 0-88167-827-9
Authors: Masud Seyal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)
Local anaesthetic creams.
Authors: G. W. Hanks, I. White
Journal: BMJ (1988)

report publicly on the quality and appropriateness of care provided under the new system.Obviously the details are complicated.The important notion to grasp, however, is that the regional health authorities would not be hierarchically in control of the area health boards.They would be prohibited from owning any institutions or providing any services themselves.Instead, they would act as representatives of their community, purchasing services wherever they could obtain best value-whether from one area health board or another or from the private sector.Some method ofpayment by case, such as by diagnosis related group, would be used by the regional health authorities to reimburse the providers.Predictably perhaps, the reaction from the Hospital Boards' Association is against so bold a notion.4Though accepting many of the taskforce's criticisms of the current services, it does not want regional health authorities and thinks that the organisational separation of funding and provision is unnecessary.It remains to be seen what the New Zealand government will decide.Meanwhile, in Britain it is well worth thinking hard about whether our regional health authorities should strip themselves of their current provision functions and instead concentrate on being purchasers and obtaining value for money.
Lack of cadherins Celsr2 and Celsr3 impairs ependymal ciliogenesis, leading to fatal hydrocephalus
Authors: Fadel Tissir, Yibo Qu, Mireille Montcouquiol, Libing Zhou, Kouji Komatsu, Dongbo Shi, Toshihiko Fujimori, Jason Labeau, Donatienne Tyteca, Pierre Courtoy, Yves Poumay, Tadashi Uemura, Andre M Goffinet
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2010)
The chain letter
Authors: J. O. Drife
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The bundle of papers from the manager was marked READ AND RETURN. Breaking my normal habit, I read. The circulars were quickly initialled. The glossy newsletter with its uplifting messages was wearily skimmed. Next, a letter from the general manager of St Elsewhere's, consisting of one sentence: “I can't believe I'm doing this.” Attached to it was a wad of photocopies of similar memos, and a chain letter.

It had originated in Holland and promised good luck within four days if the recipient passed it on. Should the chain be broken, it warned, bad luck would follow. It was typed in capitals and the English was …
Evidence-based medicine
Authors: Nick Ross
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2008)

Duncan Neuhauser, Mireya Diaz and Iain Chalmers (JRSM 2008;101:381–383) are puzzled that one of the great pioneers of clinical trials, Russell LaFayette Cecil, failed to include a chapter on trial methodology when he went on to edit his best-selling Textbook of Medicine – but perhaps they are being diplomatic.1 If Cecil thought most doctors did not need to worry their heads about science he was merely reflecting the profession's long-standing ambivalence to science after two millennia of reliance on Galenic teaching and personal experience. The fact that there are still qualified physicians who endorse Prince Charles' approach to medicine (embrace science when it suits but not when it doesn't) speaks volumes. As Lord Darzi points out in the same edition (JRSM 2008;101:342–344), the term 'evidence-based medicine' did not enter the medical literature until the 1990s; and there is still a lack of knowledge about fair tests of safety and efficacy2 – as I can testify from trying to hand out charitable money to would-be medical researchers, a disconcerting proportion of whom have a poor grasp of design, analysis and statistical power. Things may not be much better in future. Some undergraduates seem to be taught more sociology than methodology; surely a gap in medical education which suggests that the GMC and several deaneries concur with Russell LaFayette Cecil's omissions of generations past.