tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Demonic Males: Apes and the Origins of Human Violence
Authors: Dani Brunner
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Years ago I could hardly contain my repulsion as I watched a group of chimps eating the guts of a screaming monkey. The film was one of a series of British Broadcasting Corporation nature films being shown at an international ethological conference. Only our being ethologists gave us entry into the forbidden world of chimp aggressiveness because the film had been censored to keep public ecological enthusiasm up and running. Who would support conservation efforts after seeing a scene of such cruelty? The BBC crew assured us that adult chimps normally kill their prey before eating it and that these were young chimps training in the art of hunting. Or maybe they were just playing with their food? Years later, in the Toronto Zoo, I watched an orangutan mother play with her newborn in a way that looked very much like child abuse. I also remember watching from a shore
Tricyclic Overdose-Reply
Authors: John B. Marshall
Journal: JAMA (1981)

In Reply.—  My letter and case report were not intended as a review of TCA overdose. As stated, cardiovascular complications are an important cause of death in TCA overdose. Certainly, TCA overdose may be accompanied by serious and life-threatening noncardiovascular complications, including CNS depression and coma, respiratory failure, and seizures (1977;238:135). 1,2 Some of these were exemplified in the patient I described in the case report.  The purpose of my case report was simply to illustrate that the degree of QRS prolongation does not always accurately predict the severity of TCA overdose and that exceedingly high plasma TCA levels may be associated with apparently normal intraventricular conduction. Biggs et al (1977;238:135) had reported that the best clinical correlate to the severity of TCA overdose is a prolonged QRS duration of 100 ms or greater. All patients with TCA levels greater than 1,000 ng/mL in their study had a maximum
Potassium, Angiotensin and the Dual Control of Aldosterone Secretion
Authors: John H. Laragh
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Analysis of the factors controlling the secretion of a hormone such as aldosterone may be aided by teleologic reasoning and by trying to evaluate known phenomena in terms of their positions in a postulated cybernetic program. More specifically, one should consider the biologic actions of the hormone, the purposes that they subserve to the organism as a whole, and how the fulfillments of these actions work (i.e., feedback) to turn off continuing secretion of the hormone.Aldosterone, secreted exclusively by the glomerulosa zone of the adrenal cortex, plays the major part in simultaneously regulating the amount and probably the distribution . . .
Impact of Torture on Refugees Displaced Within the Developing World
Authors: Nirakar Man Shrestha, Bhogendra Sharma, Mark Van Ommeren, Shyam Regmi, Ramesh Makaju, Ivan Komproe, Ganesh B. Shrestha, Joop T. V. M. de Jong
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Most of the world's refugees are displaced within the developing world. The impact of torture on such refugees is unknown.To examine the impact of torture on Bhutanese refugees in Nepal.Case-control survey. Interviews were conducted by local physicians and included demographics, questions related to the torture experienced, a checklist of 40 medical complaints, and measures of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression.Bhutanese refugee community in the United Nations refugee camps in the Terai in eastern Nepal.A random sample of 526 tortured refugees and a control group of 526 nontortured refugees matched for age and sex.The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised Third Edition (DSM-III-R) criteria for PTSD and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25) for depression and anxiety.The 2 groups were similar on most demographic variables. The tortured refugees, as a group, suffered more on 15 of 17 DSM-III-RPTSD symptoms (P<.005) and had higher HSCL-25 anxiety and depression scores (P<.001) than nontortured refugees. Logistic regression analysis showed that history of torture predicted PTSD symptoms (odds ratio [OR], 4.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7-8.0), depression symptoms (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.4-2.6), and anxiety symptoms (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-1.9). Torture survivors who were Buddhist were less likely to be depressed (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3-0.9) or anxious (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.4-1.0). Those who were male were less likely to experience anxiety (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.44-1.00). Tortured refugees also presented more musculoskeletal system- and respiratory system-related complaints (P<.001 for both).Torture plays a significant role in the development of PTSD, depression, and anxiety symptoms among refugees from Bhutan living in the developing world.
An alcoholic patient who continues to drink: case outcome
Authors: Stuart McPherson, Colin John Rees
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Four weeks ago (7 January BMJ 2006;332: 33) we presented the case of Mr Bond, who has a history of alcoholic cirrhosis and presented with a variceal bleed. He discharged himself four days after admission and went home to stay with his girlfriend (14 January BMJ 2006;332: 98). He was stable for a few weeks, but when reviewed in clinic he admitted to continued alcohol consumption. At this time he was strongly advised to work towards complete abstinence and was given advice about the local alcohol services available to him. Mr Bond had not contacted these as he felt that they would not help. Mr Bond was clear that he planned to …
The Cost Effectiveness of Strategies for the Treatment of Intestinal Parasites in Immigrants
Authors: Peter Muennig, Daniel Pallin, Randall L. Sell, Man-Suen Chan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Currently, more than 600,000 immigrants enter the United States each year from countries where intestinal parasites are endemic. At entry persons with parasitic infections may be asymptomatic, and stool examinations are not a sensitive method of screening for parasitosis. Albendazole is a new, broad-spectrum antiparasitic drug, which was approved recently by the Food and Drug Administration. International trials have shown albendazole to be safe and effective in eradicating many parasites. In the United States there is now disagreement about whether to screen all immigrants for parasites, treat all immigrants presumptively, or do nothing unless they have symptoms.We compared the costs and benefits of no preventive intervention (watchful waiting) with those of universal screening or presumptive treatment with 400 mg of albendazole per day for five days. Those at risk were defined as immigrants to the United States from Asia, the Middle East, sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe, and Latin America and the Caribbean. Cost effectiveness was expressed both in terms of the cost of treatment per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) averted (one DALY is defined as the loss of one year of healthy life to disease) and in terms of the cost per hospitalization averted.As compared with watchful waiting, presumptive treatment of all immigrants at risk for parasitosis would avert at least 870 DALYs, prevent at least 33 deaths and 374 hospitalizations, and save at least $4.2 million per year. As compared with watchful waiting, screening would cost $159,236 per DALY averted.Presumptive administration of albendazole to all immigrants at risk for parasitosis would save lives and money. Universal screening, with treatment of persons with positive stool examinations, would save lives but is less cost effective than presumptive treatment.
Basic Research Paves the Way for Lasers Precise Enough to Slice Genes
Authors: Terra Ziporyn
Journal: JAMA (1987)

AS MORE and more medical specialties are incorporating laser techniques into their armamentarium, some of the leading advocates are standing back to survey where the laser field is going. One indisputable fact is that the medical community's enthusiasm for laser medicine is growing. One reflection of its increasing acceptance is that membership in the American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery has grown from about 100 to more than 1000 in about six years. Geza J. Jako, MD, who was the society's president at the time of its sixth annual meeting last year in Boston, estimates that there are hundreds of thousands of laser treatments for eye conditions alone each year, and about 1 million medical laser procedures in total annually. However, as use of the laser grows, so does evaluation of that use, including balancing benefit and risk. (This year's meeting of the American Society for Laser Medicine and
Human C4-binding protein. I. Isolation and characterization
Authors: J Scharfstein, A Ferreira, I Gigli, V Nussenzweig
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1978)

C4-binding protein (C4-bp), a new component of the complement system, was isolated from human plasma by precipitation with polyethyleneglycol, followed by chromatography on ion exchangers. C4-bp was identified on sodium dodecyl- sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) by two independent criteria: its ability to bind to C4b, and immunoprecipitation with a monospecificantiserum. Purified C4-bp is a 10.7 s glycoprotein. It consists of several disulfide bonded subunits of mol wt 70,000 daltons. Under nonreducing conditions, its mol wt has been estimated on SDS-PAGE as 540- 590,000 daltons. C4-bp moves as a slow B-globulin at pH 8.6 in the absence of free divalent cations, but when the buffers contain Ca(++)-lactate, C4-bp is a gamma globulin. Purified C4-bp binds to purified C4b. The reaction proceeds in the presence or absence of divalent cations and is not inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate. The C4b/C4-bp complexes have sedimentation coefficients between 15 and 17 s on sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation, and can be readily identified by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE). The complexes move faster toward the anode than either protein. C4-bp is multivalent. Saturation is reached at molecular ratios of C4b/C4- bp of between 4 and 5. The interaction between C4b and C4-bp may complicate the electrophoretic patterns of these proteins in normal human serum, if the complement system is activated before or during the run. However, in EDTA-plasma, native C4 and C4-bp do not form stable complexes and can be identified in separate peaks after CIE.
Equality in the 1990s would have saved 900 000 black Americans
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Eliminating racial inequality in health care in the United States would have saved the lives of almost 900 000 black people from 1991 to 2000, says a report published in the American Journal of Public Health (2004;94: 2078-81). Equality of care would have saved five times the number of lives saved by new technologies and treatments, the investigators say.

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Health officials talk about the impact of HIV and heart disease on black people during a briefing at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta

Credit: JOHN AMIS/AP

The study used information …

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Radioactive Fallout and Cancer-Reply
Authors: Carl J. Johnson
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The reviewers in their critique have quoted my report out of context. Cancer is a major life-threatening event that will be remembered by a person and by members of the family. The treating physician will inform the patient and/or the family of the diagnosis of the disease. A recent study reports that diagnosis in life correlated with death certificate cause and with unpublished data from the Utah Cancer Registry more than 90% of the time.<sup>1</sup> The last sentence correctly cites a report of leukemia deaths in children.<sup>2</sup> The methodology was adequately described and has had sufficient review by a number of impartial scientists. The study design has several internal and external controls. About 25 persons of 4,125 in the cohort viewed a television documentary on fallout already well-aired nationally. "Cancers of more radiosensitive organs" were those found in excess in Hiroshima and Nagasaki survivors exposed to
Severe aortic stenosis with impaired left ventricular function and clinical heart failure: results of valve replacement.
Authors: N Smith, J H McAnulty, S H Rahimtoola
Journal: Circulation (1978)

Nineteen patients, aged 58-80 years, with severe isolated aortic valve stenosis, severely reduced ejection fraction and clinical heart failure underwent aortic valve replacement between January 1970 and April 1977. Ten had concomitant coronary artery disease (all underwent additional coronary bypass surgery), 17 had angina pectoris and four had syncope. Aortic valve area index was 0.32 +/- 0.03 cm2/m2 (mean +/- SEM); left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume index was 117 +/- 9 ml/m2 and LV ejection fraction was 0.37 +/- 0.02. There were four operative deaths and one late death. The follow-up time ranged from six to 74 months (38 +/- 6 months). Actuarially determined three-year survival is 74 +/- 10%; the expected five-year survival is the same. One patient had a serious cerebrovascular accident. Of the remaining survivors, seven were initially Functional Class IV and six Class III; currently, six are Class I and seven Class II (New York Heart Association classifications). The cardiothoracic ratio has decreased from 0.54 +/- 0.03 to 0.49 +/- 0.03. Repeat hemodynamic evaluation has been performed in 10 patients, 22 +/- 6 months after surgery. In these 10 patients, the aortic valve gradient decreased from 55 +/- 7 11 +/- 1.3 mm Hg; LV end-diastolic pressure from 22 +/- 2.4 to 9 +/- 1.9 mm Hg; LV end-diastolic volume index from 119 +/- 16 ml/m2 to 107 +/- 11 ml/m2. LV ejection fraction has increased dramatically from 0.34 +/- 0.03 to 0.63 +/- 0.05 and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening from 0.57 +/- 0.08 to 1.3 +/- 0.18 circ/sec. The encouraging long-term survival, improved functional class and the marked improvement in left ventricular function that occurred in our patients indicate that all patients with severe aortic stenosis in clinical heart failure should be offered aortic valve replacement.
The Social Mission of Medical Education
Authors: Eric A. Mellon
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Letters5 October 2010The Social Mission of Medical EducationEric A. Mellon, PhDEric A. Mellon, PhDFrom University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-153-7-201010050-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:When I was 8 years old, my father, with his new diagnosis of α1-antitrypsin deficiency, underwent his first liver transplantation. His diagnosis and treatment underscore the importance of everyday advances in medical discovery. In 1989, the DNA mutations underlying α1-antitrypsin deficiency had only recently been described, liver transplantations were considered experimental surgery, and survival hinged on successful immunosuppression—at the time bolstered by the introduction of cyclosporine. It has been more than 22 years since we thought he was going to die. He is still alive thanks to the highest specialty care and medical research.This provided my ...Reference1. Mullan F, Chen C, Petterson S, Kolsky G, Spagnola M. The social mission of medical education: ranking the schools. Ann Intern Med. 2010;152:804-11. [PMID: 20547907] LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoThe Social Mission of Medical Education: Ranking the Schools Fitzhugh Mullan , Candice Chen , Stephen Petterson , Gretchen Kolsky , and Michael Spagnola The Social Mission of Medical Education Scott Barnhart and James LoGerfo The Social Mission of Medical Education Martin Donohoe The Social Mission of Medical Education John A. Brockman , Matthew J. Stull , and Elizabeth Wiley The Social Mission of Medical Education Gregg S. Meyer The Social Mission of Medical Education Norman H. Edelman The Social Mission of Medical Education Pojen Deng The Social Mission of Medical Education Fitzhugh Mullan and Candice Chen Metrics Cited bySocial accountability of medical schools and academic primary care training in Latin America: principles but not practice 5 October 2010Volume 153, Issue 7Page: 484KeywordsGraduate medical educationHealth services researchLiver transplantationMedical educationMotivationMutationPatientsResearch grantsResidencySurgery ePublished: 5 October 2010 Issue Published: 5 October 2010 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2010 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Mobilization of Visceral Adipose Tissue Related to the Improvement in Insulin Sensitivity in Response to Physical Training in NIDDM: Effects of branched-chain amino acid supplements
Authors: Agnès Mourier, Jean-François Gautier, Eric De Kerviler, André Xavier Bigard, Jean-Marie Villette, Jean-Pierre Garnier, Alain Duvallet, Charles Yannick Guezennec, Gérard Cathelineau
Journal: Diabetes Care (1997)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of an intense physical training program on abdominal fat distribution, glycemic control, and insulin sensitivity in patients with NIDDM and to determine whether branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplements influence these effects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty-four patients (ages 45 ± 2 [mean ± SE] years, BMI 30.2 ± 0.9 kg/m2, HbA1c 7.9 ± 0.3%) were randomly assigned to four groups: training plus BCAA supplement (n = 6), training plus placebo (n = 6), sedentary plus BCAA supplement (n = 6), and sedentary plus placebo (n = 6). Physical training consisted of a supervised 45-min cycling exercise at 75% of their oxygen uptake peak (VO2 peak) two times per week and an intermittent exercise one time per week for 2 months. RESULTS Patients who exercised increased their VO2 peak by 41% and their insulin sensitivity by 46%. Physical training significantly decreased abdominal fat evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (umbilicus), with a greater loss of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (48%) in comparison with the loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue (18%), but did not significantly affect body weight. The change in visceral abdominal fat was associated with the improvement in insulin sensitivity (r = 0.84, P = 0.001). BCAA supplementation had no effect on abdominal fat and glucose metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Physical training resulted in an improvement in insulin sensitivity with concomitant loss of VAT and should be included in the treatment program for patients with NIDDM.
Drug-Eluting Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Mauricio G. Cohen, E. Magnus Ohman
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
352 Triamcinolone acetonide (TA) nasal aerosol in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR)
Authors: D. Tinkelman, C. Falliers, G. Gross, A. Segal, L. Southern, M. Welch, H. Yeates, J. Gorder, J. Garcia
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1988)
Use of a<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Conjugate Vaccine in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis
Authors: Henry Shinefield, Steven Black, Ali Fattom, Gary Horwith, Scott Rasgon, Juan Ordonez, Hock Yeoh, David Law, John B. Robbins, Rachel Schneerson, Larry Muenz, Steve Fuller, Joanie Johnson, Bruce Fireman, Harry Alcorn, Robert Naso
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

In patients with decreased resistance to infection, Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of bacteremia and its complications. The capsular polysaccharides are essential for the pathogenesis of and immunity to S. aureus infection and are targets for vaccines.
Cardif: A protein central to innate immunity is inactivated by the HCV NS3 serine protease
Authors: Jared D. Evans, Christoph Seeger
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

Antiviral immunity against a pathogen is mounted upon recognition by the host of virally associated structures. One of these viral ‘signatures’, double-stranded (ds) RNA, is a replication product of most viruses within infected cells and is sensed by Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and the recently identified cytosolic RNA helicases RIG-I (retinoic acid inducible gene I, also known as Ddx58) and Mda5 (melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5, also known as Ifih1 or Helicard 1.) Both helicases detect dsRNA, and through their protein-interacting CARD domains, relay an undefined signal resulting in the activation of the transcription factors interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and NF-κB. Here we describe Cardif, a new CARD-containing adaptor protein that interacts with RIG-I and recruits IKK-α, IKK-β and IKK-ε kinases by means of its C-terminal region, leading to the activation of NF-κB and IRF3. Overexpression of Cardif results in interferon-β and NF-κB promoter activation, and knockdown of Cardif by short interfering RNA inhibits RIG-I-dependent antiviral responses. Cardif is targeted and inactivated by NS3-4A, a serine protease from hepatitis C virus known to block interferon-β production. Cardif thus functions as an adaptor, linking the cytoplasmic dsRNA receptor RIG-I to the initiation of antiviral programmes.