tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Regulatory effects of the saturated fatty acids 6:0 through 18:0 on hepatic low density lipoprotein receptor activity in the hamster.
Authors: L A Woollett, D K Spady, J M Dietschy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

The plasma concentration of cholesterol carried in low density lipoproteins is principally determined by the level of LDL receptor activity (Jm) and the LDL-cholesterol production rate (Jt) found in animals or man. This study delineates which saturated fatty acids alter Jm and Jt and so increase the plasma LDL-cholesterol level. Jm and Jt were measured in vivo in hamsters fed a constant level of added dietary cholesterol (0.12%) and triacylglycerol (10%), where the triacylglycerol contained only a single saturated fatty acid varying in chain length from 6 to 18 carbon atoms. After feeding for 30 d, the 12:0, 14:0, 16:0, and 18:0 fatty acids, but not the 6:0, 8:0, and 10:0 compounds, became significantly enriched in the liver total lipid fraction of the respective groups fed these fatty acids. However, only the 12:0, 14:0, and 16:0 fatty acids, but not the 6:0, 8:0, 10:0, and 18:0 compounds, suppressed Jm, increased Jt, and essentially doubled plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations. Neither the 16:0 nor 18:0 compound altered rates of cholesterol synthesis in the extrahepatic organs, and both lowered the hepatic total cholesterol pool. Thus, the different effects of the 16:0 and 18:0 fatty acids could not be attributed to a difference in cholesterol delivery to the liver. Since these changes in LDL kinetics took place without an apparent alteration in external sterol balance, the regulatory effects of the 12:0, 14:0, and 16:0 fatty acids presumably are mediated through some change in a putative intrahepatic regulatory pool of sterol in the liver.
Critical role of Th17 cells in inflammation and neovascularization after ischaemia
Authors: Takeki Hata, Masafumi Takahashi, Shigeaki Hida, Masanori Kawaguchi, Yuichiro Kashima, Fumitake Usui, Hajime Morimoto, Akiyo Nishiyama, Atsushi Izawa, Jun Koyama, Yoichiro Iwakura, Shinsuke Taki, Uichi Ikeda
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2010)

AimsIncreasing evidence suggests that CD4+ T cells contribute to neovascularization in ischaemic tissue. However, the T cell subset responsible for neovascularization after ischaemia remains to be determined. Here, we investigated the role of Th17 cells secreting interleukin (IL)-17, a newly identified subset of CD4+ T cells, in the neovascularization after murine hindlimb ischaemia.
Essentials of Gynecologic and Obstetric Pathology
Authors: Alex S. Tulsky
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In view of the phenomenal current advances in all aspects of our profession, there is always a need for another book in obstetric and gynecologic pathology. This small book, attractively bound, is an attempt at filling this need. I find myself troubled, however, mainly for two reasons. First, it is not clear which direction the author wanted his book to go. I could have made peace with it if he had entitled it "A Compendium of Surgical Pathology in Gynecologic and Obstetric Disease," because that is what it really is, a tome of the clinical and pathological aspects of various disease processes in our specialty of obstetrics and gynecology, including occasional recommendations for management. Second, and of greater importance, the value of a book that deals with pathology to any extent is really only as good as its illustrations, which should be graphically clear representations of the text. That means
Replies to Dr. Broadbent's Questions and Objections in the Matter of the Sounds of the Heart
Authors: A. Leared
Journal: BMJ (1877)

but I know of no evidence for this statement, and it is contrary to the very numerous observations which are already on record.There is certainly no pathological connection of the suprarenal cap- sules with the lymph-glandular system.No less certainly is there no physiological connection between them.The function of lymph-glands with the other cytogenic structures (spleen and thymus, tonsils and Peyer's patches) is to make leucocytes ; the function of the adrenals is unknown, if they have any in the adult, which in a recent number of the JOURNAL (December gth, 1876, p. 741) I have given reasons for doubting.But the structure of the adrenals is totally different from that of cytogenic organs-as different as from that of true (secreting) glands.The absurd name, "ductless gland", and the ambiguous terms, "glandular" and " adenoid", have led to endless confusion in histology as well as in physiology, by connecting together such abso- lutely different organs as the suprarenal capsules, the thyroid, and the true lymphatic or cytogenic structures.That the confusion may not spread to pathology, is my apology for these remarks.
Anti-CD22 Antibody Targeting of pH-responsive Micelles Enhances Small Interfering RNA Delivery and Gene Silencing in Lymphoma Cells
Authors: Maria C Palanca-Wessels, Anthony J Convertine, Richelle Cutler-Strom, Garrett C Booth, Fan Lee, Geoffrey Y Berguig, Patrick S Stayton, Oliver W Press
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2011)

The application of small interfering RNA (siRNA) for cancer treatment is a promising strategy currently being explored in early phase clinical trials. However, efficient systemic delivery limits clinical implementation. We developed and tested a novel delivery system comprised of (i) an internalizing streptavidin-conjugated monoclonal antibody (mAb-SA) directed against CD22 and (ii) a biotinylated diblock copolymer containing both a positively charged siRNA condensing block and a pH-responsive block to facilitate endosome release. The modular design of the carrier facilitates the exchange of different targeting moieties and siRNAs to permit its usage in a variety of tumor types. The polymer was synthesized using the reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) technique and formed micelles capable of binding siRNA and mAb-SA. A hemolysis assay confirmed the predicted membrane destabilizing activity of the polymer under acidic conditions typical of the endosomal compartment. Enhanced siRNA uptake was demonstrated in DoHH2 lymphoma and transduced HeLa-R cells expressing CD22 but not in CD22 negative HeLa-R cells. Gene knockdown was significantly improved with CD22-targeted vs. nontargeted polymeric micelles. Treatment of DoHH2 cells with CD22-targeted polymeric micelles containing 15 nmol/l siRNA produced 70% reduction of gene expression. This CD22-targeted polymer carrier may be useful for siRNA delivery to lymphoma cells.
CD28 ligation increases macrophage suppression of T-cell proliferation
Authors: Daniel Silberman, Amanda Bucknum, Thomas Bartlett, Gabriella Composto, Megan Kozlowski, Amanda Walker, Amy Werda, Jackelyn Cua, Arlene H Sharpe, John E Somerville, James E Riggs
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2012)
488 NONMUSCLE MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN IIA IS IMPORTANT FOR HEPATIC STELLATE CELL CONTRACTILITY AND INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM SIGNALLING
Authors: Z.A. Liu, E. Van Rossen, H. Reynaert, L.A. van Grunsven, J. Van Daele, J.-P. Timmermans, A. Geerts
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2008)
THE IN VITRO FORMATION OF AN OXIDIZING AGENT BY SURVIVING TISSUES AND SULFANILAMIDE
Authors: J. S. Harris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1939)

Methemoglobin formation generally occurs during sulfanilamide therapy in humans (1, 2, 3, 4, 5).From the clinical statistics on methemoglobi- nemia it has been deduced that sulfanilamide is partially converted by the body into some active agent which can function as an oxidant (5).It is the purpose of this paper to determine whether the oxidation of hemoglobin is performed by sulfanilamide itself or whether the active agent is pro- duced through the interaction of tissues and sulf- anilamide. METHODSNormal animals were killed by a blow on the head followed by decapitation.The tissues were removed and slices of 0.2 to 0.4 mm.thickness were immediately prepared.These were sus- pended in 5 ml.Ringer-phosphate solution of pH 7.4 (6) containing 0.1 gram per cent glucose, varying concentrations of sulfanilamide, and the saline-washed erythrocytes from approximately 0.5 ml. of normal human blood.The mixtures were placed in 50 ml.Erlenmeyer flasks and were shaken constantly in a water bath at 37.50 C. for approximately 2 hours.The tissue slices were removed, dried, and weighed.The dry weight was generally between 30 and 50 mgm.The red cells were centrifuged, washed with physiological saline, hemolyzed with saponin, and diluted to 10 ml. with 1/20 M pH 7.4 phosphate buffer.Methemoglobin and total hemoglobin were determined spectro- photometrically by the change in extinction at 634 m,u upon conversion to cyanmethemoglobin (7).The presence of methemoglobin was confirmed by the disappearance of the alpha band upon the addition of cyanide, hydrosulfite, and ammonium hydroxide.Furthermore, the percentage of met- hemoglobin in the mixture as determined from the ratio of the extinctions at 575 m,u to 560 m,u (8) checked with the quantity as previously determined.Only methemoglobin could give these results.The bands of pigments other than met- 521 hemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin were not detected with the hand spectroscope.EXPERIMENTAL DATA * Supernatant fluid after removal of tissue and red cells was colorless.
Significance of Streptococcus bovis Endocarditis
Authors: M-Pilar Tornos
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters1 April 1993Significance of Streptococcus bovis EndocarditisM-Pilar Tornos, MD and G. Permanyer, MDM-Pilar Tornos, MDSearch for more papers by this author and G. Permanyer, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-7-199304010-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Ahmad misinterpreted our findings. As noted in our article, three patients died of carcinoma during follow-up. Two had had S. bovis endocarditis. One died of colonic carcinoma, and one died of gastric carcinoma; both had undergone bowel evaluation during the management of their endocarditis.We are also convinced of the importance of the association between S. bovis endocarditis and colonic carcinoma. Because one patient also died of gastric carcinoma we currently do a complete gastrointestinal evaluation in patients with S. bovis bacteremia. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1993Volume 118, Issue 7Page: 572KeywordsBacteremiaEndocarditisStreptococcus Issue Published: 1 April 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
A functional role for endogenous atrial natriuretic peptide in a canine model of early left ventricular dysfunction.
Authors: T L Stevens, J C Burnett, M Kinoshita, Y Matsuda, M M Redfield
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Asymptomatic or early left ventricular dysfunction in humans is characterized by increases in circulating atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) without activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). We previously reported a canine model of early left ventricular dysfunction (ELVD) produced by rapid ventricular pacing and characterized by an identical neurohumoral profile and maintenance of the natriuretic response to volume expansion (VE). To test the hypothesis that elevated endogenous ANP suppresses the RAAS and maintains sodium excretion in ELVD, we assessed the effects of antagonism of ANP on cardiorenal and neurohumoral function in ELVD. Chronic ANP suppression was produced by bilateral atrial appendectomies before the production of ELVD by rapid ventricular pacing (ELVD-APPX, n = 5). This group was compared with a separate group with ELVD and intact atrial appendages (ELVD-INTACT, n = 8). ELVD-APPX was characterized by lower circulating ANP (50 +/- 11 vs. 158 +/- 37 pg/ml, P < 0.05), activation of plasma renin activity (PRA) (9.4 +/- 2.4 vs. 0.6 +/- 0.4 ng/ml per h, P < 0.05) and aldosterone (36.4 +/- 12.5 vs. 2.5 +/- 0.0 ng/dl, P < 0.05) when compared to ELVD-INTACT. In comparison to the ELVD-INTACT group, sodium excretion was decreased before and during VE in the ELVD-APPX group. Acute ANP antagonism was produced by administration of the particulate guanylate cyclase coupled natriuretic peptide receptor antagonist, HS-142-1, to seven conscious dogs with ELVD and intact atrial appendages (ELVD-INTACT). HS-142-1 decreased plasma concentrations and renal generation of the ANP second messenger, cGMP, and was associated with activation of PRA and sodium retention with enhanced tubular sodium reabsorption. These data support a significant role for elevated endogenous ANP in the maintenance of sodium excretion and regulation of the RAAS in experimental ELVD.
Treatment of Typhoid Fever.
Authors: Richard C. Newton
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Montclair, N. J., June 2, 1896. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have just read with great interest two able addresses in your issue of May 23, one from the pen of Professor Osier, and the other from that of Professor Quine, both delivered at the recent meeting of theAmerican Medical Association. Both of these gentlemen pay their respects to the Woodbridge treatment of typhoid fever, and both seem inclined to sneer at the so-called pretensions of the advocates of this treatment. Dr. Woodbridge has fought out his own battle with great pluck and pertinacity, and if there be any virtue in his plan of treatment, every practitioner in America who reads the journals or attends the meetings of a live medical society, is sure to hear of it. He does not, therefore, need any defense nor even aid from me. But if one can read between the lines, both the
Intra- and Interoperator Variations in Region-of-Interest Drawing and Their Effect on the Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rates
Authors: DUNCAN R.R. WHITE, ALEXANDER S. HOUSTON, WILLIAM F.D. SAMPSON, GRAHAM P. WILKINS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1999)

Purpose: Quantitative results are often obtained from images after drawing regions of interest (ROIs) about the organ or area being evaluated. The accuracy and reproducibility of ROIs is an important aspect of quality-control protocols. Attempts to increase ROI accuracy and precision by generating them automatically must be compared with manually processed images to evaluate the success of the automatic methods. Operators' abilities to reproduce ROIs and the effect this has on the reproducibility of estimating glomerular filtration rate from renograms were assessed. Methods: Estimation of the glomerular filtration rate using Sampson's method requires a) exclusion ROIs around both kidneys for background subtraction, b) whole-kidney ROIs, and c) exclusion ROIs for the collecting system. Two nuclear medicine professionals were asked to produce glomerular filtration rate estimates for 20 patients with diverse renal function. This was repeated 1 month later. The intra- and interoperator variations were calculated for the glomerular filtration rate results and on a pixel basis for the ROIs. Results: The percentage of common pixels, on average, for a) intraoperator repeats and b) interoperator comparisons were a) 95%, 94%, 85%, and b) 94%, 93%, and 81% for region types 1, 2, and, 3, respectively. Analysis of variance for the glomerular filtration rate estimates showed significant variations in estimates for left kidneys (P < 0.025) but none (P > 0.1) for right kidneys. Conclusion: Spatial reproducibility in ROI drawing does not necessarily relate directly to the associated quantitative reproducibility.
Topic analysis: an objective measure of the consultation and its application to computer assisted consultations.
Authors: M Pringle, S Robins, G Brown
Journal: BMJ (1985)

A simple method has been developed to classify the verbal interaction during medical consultations in terms of the relative proportions of medical and social content and the initiator of conversational topics discussed. The method has been applied to video tape recordings of three doctors' consultations with and without a computer present to classify and compare the items discussed. Actual computer use has been shown to have a medical effect on the consultations (p less than 0.05) and to increase the proportion of topics initiated by the doctor (p less than 0.001). Although this was largely accounted for by the massive increase in doctor initiated medical items resulting directly from computer use, there was evidence that, for two of the doctors, these topics were replacing some of the normal social and patient initiated medical exchanges.
Stabilization of F-actin prevents cAMP-elicited Cl- secretion in T84 cells.
Authors: M Shapiro, J Matthews, G Hecht, C Delp, J L Madara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

T84 cells, a human intestinal epithelial cell line, serve as a model of electrogenic Cl- secretion. We find that cAMP-elicited Cl- secretion in T84 cells is accompanied by a marked redistribution of F-actin in the basolateral portion of the cell. To prevent this F-actin redistribution and thereby assess its importance to Cl- secretion, we have defined simple conditions under which this model epithelium can be loaded with nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD)-phallicidin. This reagent binds F-actin with high affinity thus stabilizing the F-actin cytoskeleton by preventing depolymerization, an event necessary for dynamic reordering of actin microfilaments. NBD-phallicidin loading is not cytotoxic as assessed by lactic dehydrogenase release, protein synthesis, transepithelial resistance, and the ability of the loaded cells to pump Na+ in an absorptive direction in response to the apical addition of a Na+ ionophore. However, cAMP-elicited redistribution of F-actin and the cAMP-elicited Cl- secretory response are both markedly impaired in NBD-phallicidin preloaded T84 cells. In contrast, the carbachol-elicited Cl- secretory response (Ca++ mediated) is not attenuated by NBD-phallicidin preloading nor is it accompanied by redistribution of F-actin. These findings suggest that the cAMP-elicited cytoskeletal redistribution we describe is an integral part of cAMP-elicited Cl- secretion in T84 cells.
Mental Hospital Ins and Outs
Authors: A. Norton
Journal: BMJ (1961)

the endocrine system, towards a common good.Langdon-Brown would have seen it as ironical, and yet not without hope for mankind, that the first hint of this conscious co-operation should have been, not for a common good, but for the avoidance of a common evil-the total destruction of man itself.We would salute Langdon-Brown across the years as a devoted servant of this College, a fine physician, and in his time a pioneer of medical thought-and I part from him with this valedictory sentence which he chose for himself, " The life to which I belong uses me, and will pass beyond me, and I am content."I am grateful to those who, by their discussions, have given me help in the preparation of this lecture.
The Effect of Type of Delivery on Neonatal Outcome in Singleton Infants of Birth Weight of 1,000 g or Less
Authors: Jeffrey M. Barrett
Journal: JAMA (1983)

To evaluate the relationship between management of delivery and neonatal outcome in singleton neonates with birth weights between 501 and 1,000 g, a retrospective analysis was performed. In the 54-month period ending June 30, 1981, a total of 109 singleton neonates were born at Vanderbilt University Hospital, Nashville, Tenn, with birth weights between 501 and 1,000 g, 31 weighing 501 through 750 g, and 78 weighing 751 through 1,000 g. The overall neonatal survival rate was 60%, 39% in the group weighing 501 through 750 g and 69% in the group weighing 751 through 1,000 g. In terms of morbidity and mortality, there was no difference between neonates delivered by cesarean section compared with those delivered vaginally. The only significant factor found relating to neonatal mortality was the occurrence of labor. In the 17 newborns delivered without occurrence of labor, the frequency of neonatal death was significantly decreased, although this difference may be caused by differing risk factors in the infants delivered without occurrence of labor. When labor was present and the fetus had a cephalic presentation, cesarean section was not found to be superior to vaginal delivery in terms of neonatal morbidity or mortality for neonates of 1,000 g or less.
GLOMERULONEPHRITIS PRODUCED IN DOGS BY SPECIFIC ANTISERA
Authors: Margaret Bevans, Beatrice Carrier Seegal, Ruth Kaplan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

The intravenous injection of rabbit antidog-placenta or antidog-kidney serum produced immediate evidence of glomerulonephritis in dogs. The lesions produced by the two agents were indistinguishable. The glomerulonephritis so induced may terminate in death within 8 days, may progress to a chronic form or may heal. The acute phase of the nephritis was usually associated with severe exudative and necrotizing renal lesions, while the pathologic sequences in surviving dogs were essentially reparative. However, 1 dog of 8 in the chronic phase developed a progressive chronic nephritis and died in uremia.
Is Impaired Set-Shifting an Endophenotype of Anorexia Nervosa?
Authors: Joanna Holliday, Kate Tchanturia, Sabine Landau, David Collier, Janet Treasure
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2005)

OBJECTIVE: Set-shifting difficulties have been reported in subjects with anorexia nervosa and appear to persist after recovery; therefore, they may be endophenotypic traits. The goals of this study were to investigate whether set-shifting difficulties are familial by examining discordant sister-pairs in comparison with healthy unrelated women and to replicate, with a broader battery, the lack of influence of an acute illness state on neuropsychological performance. METHOD: Forty-seven pairs of sisters discordant for anorexia nervosa and 47 healthy unrelated women who were comparable in age and IQ completed neuropsychological tasks selected to assess set-shifting ability. Analyses of variance with standard errors that are robust against correlations within family clusters were used to compare the groups. Results were adjusted for obsessive-compulsive, anxiety, and depression symptoms. Subjects with acute (N=24) and fully remitted (N=23) anorexia nervosa were compared to assess state versus trait effects. RESULTS: Sisters with and without anorexia nervosa took significantly longer than unrelated healthy women to shift their cognitive set (CatBat task) and demonstrated greater perceptual rigidity (Haptic Illusion task) but did not differ significantly from each other. Women with anorexia nervosa were slower than other groups on Trail Making tasks. Women who had fully recovered from anorexia nervosa made significantly fewer errors than those with acute anorexia nervosa on the Trail Making alphabet task, but these subgroups did not differ on other measures. CONCLUSIONS: Both affected and unaffected sisters had more set-shifting difficulties than unrelated healthy women. This finding, together with the replicated finding that set-shifting difficulties persist after recovery, suggests that set-shifting difficulties are trait characteristics and may inform the search for the endophenotype in anorexia nervosa.