tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Review: Statins are not associated with cognitive impairment, Alzheimer disease, or dementia
Authors: Donald A. Smith
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2014)

ACP Journal Club20 May 2014Review: Statins are not associated with cognitive impairment, Alzheimer disease, or dementiaDonald A. Smith, MD, MPHDonald A. Smith, MD, MPHIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (D.A.S.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-160-10-201405200-02010 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationRichardson K, Schoen M, French B, et al. Statins and cognitive function: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2013;159:688-97. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24247674Clinical Impact RatingsGIM/FP/GP: Cardiology: References1 US Food and Drug Administration. Consumer Health Information. FDA expands advice on statin risks. 2012. www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm293330.htm (accessed 6 March 2014). Google Scholar2 Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHY Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20 536 high-risk individuals: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002;360:7-22. [PMID: 12114036] Google Scholar3 Trompet S, van Vliet P, de Craen AJ, et al. Pravastatin and cognitive function in the elderly. Results of the PROSPER study. J Neurol. 2010;257:85-90. [PMID: 19653027] Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA (D.A.S.)This article was published at Annals.org on 6 May 2014. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoReview: Statins are not associated with cognitive impairment or dementia in cognitively intact adults Donald A. Smith Metrics 20 May 2014Volume 160, Issue 10Page: JC10KeywordsAlzheimer diseaseCognitionCognitive impairmentCohort studiesDementiaStatinsSystematic reviews ePublished: 20 May 2014 Issue Published: 20 May 2014 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2014 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Akathisia and Head and Body Rocking in Schizophrenia
Authors: Edward C. Lauterbach
Journal: JAMA (1987)

To the Editor.—  The Dec 26,1986, issue ofJAMAcontained a question on head and body rocking in schizophrenia.1The answer2took into account movements associated with schizophrenia and a variety of movement disorders. Dystonia was considered but judged to be as unlikely as the other movement disorders listed in the response. Although I agree with Dr Weiden's conclusions, it is also true that rocking may be used to relieve painful dystonic contractions. One other disorder that should be considered is akathisia, or restlessness. Akathisia can be manifested clinically by pacing, frequent shifting of body position, or overt rocking behavior in an effort to relieve the often-accompanying subjective sensation of restlessness. Akathisia can occur in association with central lesions (eg, basal ganglia pathology)3and dominantly inherited restless legs syndrome4or as a sequel to neuroleptic use in four possible different subtypes occurring on either an acute
Human intestinal capillariasis: diagnosis by jejunal fluid analysis obtained at enteroscopy and reversal of subtotal villous atrophy after treatment
Authors: S. Rana, D. Bhasin, H. Bhatti, K. Gupta, R. Gupta, R. Nada, B. Nagi, S. Sinha, K. Singh
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

A 43-year-old male presented with complaints of watery diarrhea, increasing fatigability, and weight loss. On examination, the patient was malnourished with presence of pallor and pitting pedal edema. Investigations revealed hemoglobin of 9.0 g/dL with hypokalemia and hypoproteinemia. Stool examination and rectal swab on multiple occasions did not reveal any pathogenic ova or cyst. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, and duodenal and rectal biopsy were all normal.
869-6 Beneficial effects of combined thrombolytic therapy and percutaneous coronary angioplasty in transfer patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction: A report from the American College of cardiology-national cardiovascular data registry
Authors: Daniel P O'Neill, Peter Y.M Hui, Rupsa R Yee, Richard Gray, Richard E Shaw
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Eradication of Rheumatic Fever
Authors: MILTON MARKOWITZ
Journal: Circulation (1970)

Rheumatic heart disease is considered one of the few forms of chronic heart disease which can be effectively prevented today. Yet the incidence of rheumatic fever is still appreciable and the complacency of many physicians and public health officials in regard to the rheumatic fever problem is unwarranted. It is timely, therefore, to reexamine the question of whether this disease can indeed be eradicated by presently available methods. One of the major factors limiting the prevention of initial attacks with antibiotics is that about two thirds of the patients who develop rheumaic fever do so following either asymptomatic or mild streptococcal infections. Furthermore, the low socioeconomic group, in whom the risk of rheumatic fever is the greatest, is the least likely to receive adequate care even for overt respiratory infections. Although the number of recurrent attacks has been reduced, approximately 10% of rheumatic patients still develop recurrences either because they are not on prophylaxis at all or they take their medication irregularly. It is clear, therefore, that the availability of effective preventive agents is not synonymous with effective prevention. While the conditions which account for this fact can be modified so that the incidence of rheumatic fever can be reduced, the disease will not be eradicated until a more biologic means to prevent streptococcal infections becomes available.
Renal safety of adefovir dipivoxil in patients with chronic hepatitis B: Two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled studies
Authors: Hassane Izzedine, Jean Sebastien Hulot, Vincent Launay-Vacher, Patrick Marcellini, Stephanos J. Hadziyannis, Graham Currie, Carol L. Brosgart, Chris Westland, Sarah Arterbrun, Gilbert Deray
Journal: Kidney International (2004)
Inductive Effect on Hepatic Enzymes and Toxicity of Congeners of PCBs and PCDFs
Authors: Hidetoshi Yoshimura, Shin'ichi Yoshihara, Nobuyuki Koga, Kiyoshi Nagata, Ikuo Wada, Jun Kuroki, Yumiko Hokama
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

The present paper describes a marked induction of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 and cytosolic DT-diaphorase to cause possible disorder of steroid homeostasis and promotion of carcinogenicity of 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide (4-NQO) in rats by pretreatment with 3,4,5,3',4'-pentachlorobiphenyl (PenCB) or 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (PenCDF). The animals were sacrificed 5 days after the pretreatment. These induction experiments showed that 7 alpha-hydroxylation of both progesterone and testosterone in liver microsomes was selectively increased to a great extent, but hydroxylations at the 2 alpha-, 6 beta- and 16 alpha-positions were depressed, together with 5 alpha-reduction. From the same microsomes, three of the strongly induced P-450 isozymes, i.e., high- and low-spin P-448s and P-452, were purified. The last isozyme was most responsible for 7 alpha-hydroxylation of testosterone. The pretreatment, also increased activity of DT-diaphorase and reduction of 4-NQO about 10-fold in liver 9000g supernatants. This reduction of 4-NQO was solely catalyzed by DT-diaphorase and the only product was 4-hydroxylaminoquinoline N-oxide, a proximate carcinogen, indicating that the pretreatment strongly increased production of a proximate carcinogen from 4-NQO. Such an enhancement of the metabolic activation of 4-NQO by the pretreatment was also observed to some extent in the lung and the skin. Persistency of PenCB and PenCDF in the liver of rats was also discussed.
Percutaneous Renal Biopsy Under Direct Radiologic Direction
Authors: J. W. Ginsburg
Journal: JAMA (1962)

A new method of percutaneous renal biopsy, utilizing direct visualization under the image amplifier, is found to provide a high yield of diagnostic tissue and a maximum of safety to the patient. Thirty-seven biopsies were performed. Diagnostic tissue was obtained 30 times. Virtually no morbidity was encountered. This procedure is recommended for routine use by those who are concerned about the safety of currently used techniques.
What Makes a Good Quality Measure?
Authors: Elizabeth A. McGlynn, John L. Adams
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Deep Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Anthony E. Young
Journal: JAMA (1977)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the introduction to their paper on the diagnosis of clinically suspected deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremities" (237:2195, 1977), Moser, Brach, and Dolan indicate that they studied impedance plethysmography (IPG) and fibrinogen<sup>125</sup>I uptake (FUT) in comparison with venography so as to determine their "relative value." They concluded that IPG and FUT tests "can assist physicians in the diagnosis of clinically suspected DVT." Their own results show that each of the tests has a false-negative rate in excess of 20%, rates similar to comparable studies.<sup>1,2</sup>They have failed to grasp this: has a test with an accuracy 20% less than venography any place at all in the management of suspected DVT? We consider that it has no place. The risks both of needless anticoagulation and of untreated DVT are substantial, and we should not accept undependable tests. Furthermore, it is not acceptable
Psychiatric Diagnosis: A Step Forward
Authors: GEORGE B MURRAY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Editorial Notes1 October 1980Psychiatric Diagnosis: A Step ForwardGEORGE B MURRAY, M.D.GEORGE B MURRAY, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-93-4-631_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn February 1980 the third edition of theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM-III) was published by the American Psychiatric Association, and in May 1980 there was a second printing. The DSM-III emerged from the work of The Task Force on Nomenclature and Statistics of the American Psychiatric Association, Robert L. Spitzer, M.D., Chairperson, appointed in 1974 by the Council on Research and Development of the American Psychiatric Association to look into a review of DSM-II. There were 19 persons on The Task Force on Nomenclature and Statistics; about 135 people in 19 advisory committees took part in...References1. KROLL J. Philosophical foundations of French and U.S. nosology. Am J Psychiatry. 1979;136:1135-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. LIPOWSKI Z. Organic brain syndromes: overview and classification. In: BENSON DF, BLUMER D, eds. Psychiatric Aspects of Neurologic Disease. New York: Grune and Stratton; 1975 11-35. Google Scholar3. FEIGHNERROBINSGUZEWOODRUFFWINOKURMUNOZ JESRGR. Diagnostic criteria for use in psychiatric research. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1972;26:57-63. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Private Psychiatric Consultation Service Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1980Volume 93, Issue 4Page: 631-632KeywordsDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental DisordersDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders third edition Issue Published: 1 October 1980 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Send in the marines?
Authors: D. I. Ben-Tovim
Journal: BMJ (2011)

To paraphrase James Carville, “It’s the analogy, stupid.” The problem is not how far we can go using the analogy of the aviation industry to improve patient safety,1 but the analogy itself.

Groysberg and colleagues described the different operating styles within armed forces.2 In the air force and navy, …
Tackling inequalities in health
Authors: J. P Mackenbach
Journal: BMJ (1995)

What can be done about socioeconomic inequalities in health? A report by the King's Fund contains an impressive agenda for action.1 The objective of the report was “to outline a number of practical and affordable ways in which the situation could be substantially improved, if the political will existed to recognise that tackling inequalities in health is a fundamental requirement of social justice for all citizens.”

The report identifies four areas for intervention: the physical environment, social and economic factors, barriers to adopting a healthier personal lifestyle, and access to appropriate and effective health and social services. For each area one factor has been selected to illustrate possible policy initiatives: housing, income maintenance, smoking, and access to health care. The initiatives range from the development of innovative health education programmes to investments in social housing (to be financed by, among other things, the abolition of tax relief on mortgages) and from ensuring an equitable allocation of NHS resources to changes in the tax system (for example, an increase in the highest rate of income tax).

This brief summary of the report cannot do justice to the richness of its ideas. This richness makes the report a welcome complement to a lucid but much thinner discussion paper by the World Health Organisation that was …
Charity campaigners win radio awards
Authors: Peter Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2006)

The blind musicians Amadou Bagayo and Mariam Doumbia proved that “disability does not mean inability” this month, when they won two awards—African artists of the year and album of the year—at the BBC world music awards on 7 April.

The Malian couple, whose rhythm and blues album “Dimanche a Bamako” has sold …
Proctosigmoidoscopy in Private Practice
Authors: John H. Powers
Journal: JAMA (1975)

PROCTOSIGMOIDOSCOPY by physicians in private practice performed for the diagnosis and management of benign and malignant lesions of the colon and rectum offers rewarding information that cannot be obtained by any other examination. Visualization of the tumor, excisional biopsy of small lesions, segmental biopsy of larger neoplasms, electrosurgical destruction or removal of benign growths through the sigmoidoscope— all may be accomplished easily and safely in the doctor's office. Hospitalization and more radical therapy are imperative for larger tumors and malignant lesions. The examination requires no special skill; it can be performed safely by any physician with adequate equipment who possesses gentle hands, knowledge of the anatomy of the sigmoid and rectum and a compassionate personality that prompts him to discontinue the procedure when the patient complains of pain— not of discomfort, but "that hurts." During the past five years, as Director of the New York State Proctosigmoidoscopic Teaching Program, I
ICD-9 Code for Palliative or Terminal Care
Authors: C K Cassel, B C Vladeck
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1996)

The Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) has announced the approval of a new diagnosis code for palliative care, which was included in the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical modification on October 1, 1996.1 The new code will enable coders reviewing hospital charts to indicate that palliative care was delivered to a dying patient during a hospital stay. As a result, HCFA analysts will be able to study the feasibility of creating a special diagnosis-related group (DRG) that allows payment for end-of-life care for people who die in hospitals or require hospitalization for palliative care close to the . . .
Direct release of parathyroid hormone fragments from functioning bovine parathyroid glands in vitro.
Authors: D A Hanley, K Takatsuki, J M Sultan, A B Schneider, L M Sherwood
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

To determine the origin of circulating parathyroid hormone fragments, hormonal peptides released from bovine parathyroid tissue in a physiologically responsive in vitro "perifusion" system were analyzed by gel exclusion chromatography and region-specific radioimmunoassays. When exposed to low Ca++, the tissue released large quantities of intact hormone (parathyroid hormone 1--84) as well as amino- and carboxyl-terminal fragments. Fragments of the hormone were also released when the tissue was exposed to high Ca++, but the carboxyl fragments comprised a much greater proportion of the hormonal peptides released. Control experiments indicated that fragmentation of the hormone occurred within the gland and not after it was secreted. These experiments provide direct evidence, therefore, that release of fragments from the parathyroid gland may contribute to the immunologic heterogeneity of the hormone in the circulation.
Acute Enteritis Associated With Reovirus-Like Agents
Authors: Jesus Gomez-Barreto
Journal: JAMA (1976)

In Atlanta, from January to April 1975, reovirus-like agents (RLAs) were detected by a simplified electron-microscopic technique in the stools of 16 of 29 children with acute enteritis. Complement fixation tests with purified RLA antigens demonstrated antibody titer rises in seven children with RLA in their stools and in two mothers (one symptomatic) from whom acute and convalescent sera were available. Complement fixation tests performed on 207 individuals of varying ages and 60 laboratory workers indicated a high frequency of past infection with RLA, the highest frequency being in children 6 months to 4 years of age. These results corroborate the high rate of RLA detection in the stools of children with acute enteritis in other parts of the world and suggest that such infections can also occur in adults.
Coronary blood flow in dogs with contractile dysfunction due to experimental volume overload.
Authors: B A Carabello, K Nakano, K Ishihara, S Kanazawa, R W Biederman, J F Spann
Journal: Circulation (1991)

BACKGROUND Abnormalities in coronary blood flow are responsible for stress-induced reductions in contractile function in pressure overload hypertrophy. Less is known about coronary blood flow in volume overload. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that coronary blood flow abnormalities were responsible for contractile abnormalities in experimental volume overload hypertrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined coronary blood flow at rest and during pacing in seven dogs with contractile dysfunction secondary to chronic experimental mitral regurgitation (average regurgitant fraction at 3 months, 0.58 +/- 0.05). After 3 months of mitral regurgitation, left ventricular mass had increased from 92 +/- 8 g at baseline to 118 +/- 10 g (p less than 0.002). The slope of the end-ejection stress-volume relation, one of our indexes used to estimate contractile function, had fallen from 5.4 +/- 0.3 at baseline to 3.0 +/- 0.3 at 3 months of mitral regurgitation (p less than 0.001). In the mitral regurgitation dogs, coronary blood flow at rest was similar to that of control dogs (endocardial blood flow: control dogs, 1.33 +/- 0.12 ml/min/g; mitral regurgitation dogs, 1.16 ml/min/g, p = NS; epicardial blood flow at rest: control dogs, 1.30 +/- 0.16 ml/min/g; mitral regurgitation dogs 1.13 +/- 0.2 ml/min/g, p = NS). With pacing-induced stress, coronary blood flow increased appropriately in control and mitral regurgitation dogs. Ultrasonic dimension gauges placed in the endocardium and epicardium demonstrated no further deterioration in ventricular function during pacing in the mitral regurgitation dogs. In a separate group of five control dogs and five dogs with mitral regurgitation and left ventricular dysfunction, coronary blood flow was examined in the conscious closed-chest state at rest, during adenosine infusion, and during rapid atrial pacing (240 beats/min). Blood flow increased similarly in both groups during pacing and adenosine infusion. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that in dogs with mitral regurgitation that have developed contractile dysfunction, abnormalities in coronary blood flow do not explain the resting contractile dysfunction. Furthermore, studies during pacing-induced stress and coronary vasodilation with adenosine demonstrate that substantial coronary blood flow reserve is present in this type of volume overload hypertrophy.
ABC of Emergency Radiology: THE ANKLE
Authors: D O'Keeffe, D A Nicholson, P A Driscoll, D Marsh
Journal: BMJ (1994)

The os trigonum is a common normal variant of the talus and is due to a separate ossification centre arising from the posterior tubercle. The appearance may resemble an old ununited fracture fragment. However, it is triangular, well corticated, in a classic location, and usually bilateral, which enables it to be distinguished from a fracture. Transverse, sclerotic, linear lines located at the metaphysis of growing long bones are due to short periods of growth arrest and have no clinical importance (fig 5). They may be confused with compression fractures, but again these lines are usually bilateral. Fibrous cortical defects are the most commonly seen benign lesions of long bones and are usually identified incidentally in radiographs taken for another reason. The defect is limited to the cortex, commonly found at the metaphysis, but may be located in the diaphysis as the bone grows. The lesion is well corticated (sclerotic margins) and usually does not produce signs or symptoms.
Where the adventure is
Authors: Elie Bienenstock, Stuart Geman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Interpreting the Miyashita et al. experiments in terms of a cellassembly representation does not adequately explain the performance of Miyashita's monkeys on novel stimuli. We will argue that the latter observations point to a compositional representation and suggest a dynamics involving rapid and reversible binding of distinct activity patterns.
Bilateral Pulmonary-Artery Aneurysms in Behçet's Syndrome
Authors: Sudhir Lohani, Robert Niven
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

A 28-year-old Asian woman presented with pyrexia of unknown origin, oral and genital ulcers, and hemoptysis. A chest radiograph showed bilateral central hilar opacities (Panel A, arrows). A computed tomographic scan of the chest showed bilateral pulmonary-artery aneurysms with associated thickening of the vessel wall and contrast enhancement consistent with edema, which is likely to be associated with thrombosis (Panel B, arrows). The patient was given a diagnosis of Behcet's syndrome and was treated with prednisolone and pulse cyclophosphamide. A follow-up chest radiograph (Panel C), obtained 18 months after she began the immunosuppressive treatment, showed resolution of the pulmonary-artery aneurysms. . . .