tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association Between Time to Initiation of Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Survival in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: James J. Biagi, Michael J. Raphael, William J. Mackillop, Weidong Kong, Will D. King, Christopher M. Booth
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) improves survival among patients with resected colorectal cancer. However, the optimal timing from surgery to initiation of AC is unknown.To determine the relationship between time to AC and survival outcomes via a systematic review and meta-analysis. data sources: MEDLINE (1975 through January 2011), EMBASE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched to identify studies that described the relationship between time to AC and survival.Studies were only included if the relevant prognostic factors were adequately described and either comparative groups were balanced or results adjusted for these prognostic factors.Hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival and disease-free survival from each study were converted to a regression coefficient (β) and standard error corresponding to a continuous representation per 4 weeks of time to AC. The adjusted β from individual studies were combined using a fixed-effects model. Inverse variance (1/SE(2)) was used to weight individual studies. Publication bias was investigated using the trim and fill approach.We identified 10 eligible studies involving 15,410 patients (7 published articles, 3 abstracts). Nine of the studies were cohort or population based and 1 was a secondary analysis from a randomized trial of chemotherapy. Six studies reported time to AC as a binary variable and 4 as 3 or more categories. Meta-analysis demonstrated that a 4-week increase in time to AC was associated with a significant decrease in both overall survival (HR, 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-1.17) and disease-free survival (HR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.10-1.18). There was no significant heterogeneity among included studies. Results remained significant after adjustment for potential publication bias and when the analysis was repeated to exclude studies of largest weight.In a meta-analysis of the available literature on time to AC, longer time to AC was associated with worse survival among patients with resected colorectal cancer.
The Use of Tetraethylammonium Chloride in Treatment of Phantom Limb
Authors: BURTON J. WINSTON
Journal: Circulation (1950)

The increased number of amputees resulting from World War II has undoubtedly produced many cases of phantom leg symptoms, a condition difficult to manage at best. One is tempted to try every available means to alleviate it, as will be seen in the case reported. In this instance tetraethylammonium chloride proved to be of some value.
Natural killer T cells in the lungs of patients with asthma
Authors: Ponpan Matangkasombut, Gautham Marigowda, Aaron Ervine, Luaie Idris, Muriel Pichavant, Hye Young Kim, Takahiro Yasumi, S. Brian Wilson, Rosemarie H. DeKruyff, John L. Faul, Elliot Israel, Omid Akbari, Dale T. Umetsu
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
Thyroid Hormones, Gonadal and Adrenocortical Steroids and the Function of the Islets of Langerhans
Authors: SIGURD LENZEN, CLIFFORD J. BAILEY
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1984)

THE ROLE of thyroid hormones, gonadal steroids and adrenocortical steroids in the regulation of glucose and insulin homeostasis has been a matter of debate for many decades. After a brief survey of the early literature, this review attempts to evaluate present knowledge concerning the effects of these hormones on glycemic control in normal and diabetic states. Attention is focused upon changes in the insulin secretory activity of the islets of Langerhans and the metabolic actions of insulin, considering particularly the mechanisms involved. Thyroid hormones and insulin exert antagonistic metabolic effects. Since the first description of a patient with hyperthyroidism complicated by diabetes mellitus by Dumontpallier 1) in 1867 there have been many investigations into the relationship between thyroid hormones and diabetes mellitus (2). Much of this research predates the purification of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) and this is considered elsewhere (2). The present review concentrates upon more recent developments which elaborate the physiologic mechanisms through which thyroid hormones contribute to the regulation of glucose and insulin homeostasis.
Sensitization to the major allergen of Brazil nut is correlated with the clinical expression of allergy☆☆☆★
Authors: Elide A. Pastorello, Laura Farioli, Valerio Pravettoni, Marco Ispano, Amedeo Conti, Raffaella Ansaloni, Federica Rotondo, Cristoforo Incorvaia, Anders Bengtsson, Federica Rivolta
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1998)
Validation of a two‐color flow cytometric assay detecting <i>in vitro</i> basophil activation for the diagnosis of IgE‐mediated natural rubber latex allergy
Authors: D. G. Ebo, B. Lechkar, A. J. Schuerwegh, C. H. Bridts, L. S. De Clerck, W. J. Stevens
Journal: Allergy (2002)

Background: IgE‐dependent triggering of basophils not only elicits the release of different mediators but also the up‐regulation of certain markers, e.g. CD63, which can be detected by flow cytometry. We intended to investigate if flow cytometric analysis of basophil activation could be a valuable tool in the diagnosis of latex allergy, and to evaluate if the basophil activation test (BAT) could be helpful in determining the clinical significance of a positive latex IgE in individuals with negative history and negative latex skin test. Additionally we aimed to determine the role of cross‐reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) in causing positive latex IgE without apparent clinical significance. Methods: Twelve healthy controls without a history of latex hypersensitivity with a negative latex IgE and skin test (group 1), 24 individuals without a history of latex hypersensitivity with a negative latex IgE and skin test but with other inhalant allergies (group 2), and 29 latex allergic patients with a compelling history of latex allergy with a positive latex IgE and prick test (group 3) were enrolled. The diagnostic performances of the BAT were further evaluated in 13 individuals with a history of latex allergy but with negative specific IgE and/or skin test (group 4). Twenty‐four individuals with positive latex IgE without apparent clinical relevance, i.e. without history of latex hypersensitivity and negative latex skin tests, were also analyzed (group 5). The putative role of CCDs causing positive latex IgE results without apparent clinical significance was evaluated by quantification of IgE for bromelain. Results: According, to the receiver operating characteristics(ROC)‐generated threshold value of 17% between latex allergic patients and the pooled group of nonlatex allergic individuals, the sensitivity and specificity of the basophil activation test was 93.1% and 91.7%, respectively. In healthy controls, allergic patients without latex hypersensitivity and latex allergic patients the number of positive BATs was 0/12, 3/24 and 27/29, respectively. In the individuals with an evocative history of latex allergy but with negative latex IgE and/or skin test the BAT was positive in all 13 cases. Twenty of 24 individuals without apparent latex allergy but with positive latex IgE had a negative BAT. IgE for bromelain was positive in 1/19 sera from group 2, 1/24 sera from group 3, none of the 8 sera from group 4, but in 16/18 sera from group 5, respectively. Conclusion: Flow cytometric analysis of activated basophils seems a highly sensitive and specific tool for diagnosing latex allergy. In addition, the technique might help to determine the clinical relevance of positive IgE quantification in the absence of overt latex allergy. CCDs of natural rubber latex allergens were confirmed to mimic latex sensitization.
A PRECIPITIN REACTION OF THE DIGESTIVE MUCOSA OF THE DOG
Authors: LUDVIG HEKTOEN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

By simply extracting the mucous membrane of the dog stomach or intestine in physiologic sodium chlorid solution, antigens are obtained that differ in precipitin reaction from the proteins of dog serum. After two days without food, the dog is etherized, bled to death from the aorta, and thoroughly perfused with salt solution after the cava and portal vein have been opened. The mucous membrane is scraped off, washed in water, and extracted for twenty-four hours in a salt solution to which a little thymol has been added. The extracts are neutral in reaction, and with rare exceptions contain measurable quantities of dissolved protein substances, which can be separated into globulin and albumin fractions by means of ammonium sulphate. Prepared as described, the extracts of dog stomach or intestine may not give any reactions at all with precipitin serums for dog serum or for the isolated dog serum proteins (euglobulin, pseudoglobulin,
Counting the Uninsured-Reply
Authors: Katherine Swartz
Journal: JAMA (1994)

In Reply.  —Dr Reynolds raises a good question about whether people without private or public forms of health insurance have access to other types of medical care. In almost all studies of people without health insurance, the sources of medical care benefits listed by Reynolds are not considered to be health insurance. They are not equivalent to health insurance because they provide access only to specific types of medical care, whereas health insurance provides financial payments for a broad set of medical care benefits. For example, an uninsured person who sustains a leg injury on the job would have the costs of the injury paid for by workers' compensation. However, if the person were found to have some form of cancer, the costs of treating the cancer would not be paid for by workers' compensation.  I agree with Reynolds that scaremongering tactics about the uninsured will not serve the public
THIORIDAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN THE TREATMENT OF BEHAVIOR DISORDERS IN EPILEPTICS
Authors: PABLO M. PAUIG, MARIE A. DELUCA, ROGER G. OSTERHELD
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1961)

Mellaril was evaluated as treatment of behavior disorders in 100 epileptic patients in a study extending over a period of 3 to 10 months. Marked improvement in behavior was achieved in 61 patients and moderate improvement in another 28 patients. An unexpected consequence was the concomitant reduction in epileptic seizures, 64 of the 100 patients exhibiting no or fewer convulsive attacks during the administration of Mellaril. This provides tacit evidence that control of the emotional factors can exert a beneficial effect on seizures. However, it is emphasized that specific anticonvulsant medication was continued throughout the course of this study. Repeat examinations failed to reveal any signs of jaundice, photosensitivity, blood dyscrasia, extrapyramidal stimulation, or dermatitis.
Umbilical cord prolapse.
Authors: T Vago
Journal: BMJ (1978)

report a low incidence of false-positive studies with thallium-201 imaging.The cost of the investigation (about £45 for the isotope alone) probably precludes, its use in the regular review of asymptomatic subjects.When, however, a pilot presents with atypical chest pain or an asymptomatic pilot has an equivocal ECG the demonstration of normal stress thallium-201 myocardial images may obviate the need for unnecessary coronary arteriography with its attendant risk.
Quantitative Tissue Characterization of Infarct Core and Border Zone in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy by Magnetic Resonance Is Associated With Future Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Shahriar Heidary, Harendra Patel, Jaehoon Chung, Hajime Yokota, Sandeep N. Gupta, Mihoko V. Bennett, Chandra Katikireddy, Patricia Nguyen, John M. Pauly, Masahiro Terashima, Michael V. McConnell, Phillip C. Yang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Flu Drug Concerns
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Metabolic adaptation of the kidney to hyperammonemia during chronic liver insufficiency in the rat
Authors: Cornelis H. C. Dejong, Nicolaas E. P. Deutz, Peter B. Soeters
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of renal ammonia and glutamine metabolism in the metabolic adaptation to chronic liver insufficiency-induced hyperammonemia in the rat. To this purpose, urinary excretion, renal net exchange and tissue concentrations of ammonia and amino acids were measured in anesthetized, normal control rats that did not undergo surgery, in control rats that underwent sham surgery, in rats that underwent portacaval shunting and in rats that underwent both portacaval shunting and bile duct ligation. Rats that underwent sham surgery and portacaval shunting were pair-fed with rats that underwent portacaval shunting and biliary obstruction, to correct for anorexia in that group, and all rats that were operated on were studied 7 and 14 days after surgery. Arterial ammonia and glutamine levels were elevated in groups that underwent portacaval shunting and portacaval shunting plus biliary obstruction at all time points. At days 7 and 14, total renal ammonia production decreased in rats that underwent portacaval shunting and in rats that underwent portacaval shunting plus biliary obstruction, associated with a 50% decrease in net renal glutamine uptake and strongly diminished net ammonia release into the renal vein, which was most prominent in the group that underwent portacaval shunting plus biliary obstruction. Urinary ammonia excretion was similar in rats that underwent portacaval shunting and in those that underwent sham surgery but was increased more than 200% at days 7 and 14 in rats that underwent portacaval shunting plus biliary obstruction. In this group, in contrast to portacaval-shunted rats, the kidney appeared to be an organ of net ammonia disposal from the body. In separate experiments in unanesthetized, unrestrained rats, similar changes in urinary ammonia excretion were observed without changes in arterial pH, excluding an effect of anesthesia or pH on the obtained results. These results indicate that the kidney plays an important role in the metabolic adaptation to hyperammonemia during chronic liver insufficiency in the rat.
Mandatory Testing for HIV
Authors: Clifford J. Harris
Journal: JAMA (1993)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —While most of the discussion about the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the lay press and medical literature is directed at helping the person with AIDS or about rare forms of transmission of the virus, such as blood transfusions and health care personnel, Dr Francis'<sup>1</sup>discussion of AIDS is a beacon pointing the way to a comprehensive policy of action to combat AIDS. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and others estimate that over a million Americans are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), most of whom do not know they are infected. It is time we admit that voluntary testing and AIDS education are not stopping the spread of this lethal virus. What can be done? We must direct our attention to the asymptomatic carrier of HIV who, once identified, can be educated to not spread the virus and to identify contacts who
Nitrogen and Sodium Balance and Sympathetic-Nervous-System Activity in Obese Subjects Treated with a Low-Calorie Protein or Mixed Diet
Authors: Joseph DeHaven, Robert Sherwin, Rosa Hendler, Philip Felig
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1980)

Seven obese subjects were placed on a 400-kcal protein diet and on an isocaloric mixed diet (50 per cent protein and 50 per cent carbohydrate), three to 5 1/2 weeks for each diet. Despite twofold to fivefold increases in ketone levels in the blood and urine with the protein diet, net nitrogen balance was no different from that with the mixed diet (-2.1±0.9 vs. -2.6±0.4 g per day; mean ±S.E.M.). However, net sodium loss with the protein diet (-382±117 mmol) was significantly greater than with the mixed diet (-25±105 mmol; P<0.02). Furthermore, maximal orthostatic decreases in systolic blood pressure with the protein diet (-28±3 mm Hg) were greater than with the mixed diet (—18±3 mm Hg; P<0.02) and were accompanied by symptoms of orthostatic hypotension in all patients. The protein diet (but not the mixed diet) also resulted in a 40 per cent decline in basal plasma levels of norepinephrine (P<0.01) and a failure of plasma norepinephrine to rise after two minutes of standing. We conclude that as compared with mixed diets, hypocaloric protein diets offer no advantage with respect to nitrogen metabolism but result in greater sodium depletion, a decrease in sympathetic-nervous-system activity, and the development of orthostatic hypotension. (N Engl J Med. 1980; 302:477–482.)
Munchausen's Syndrome by Proxy Identified with an Implantable Electrocardiographic Recorder
Authors: Theo M. Hoorntje, Wendy Langerak, Narayanswami Sreeram
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

To the Editor: A 14-month-old infant was referred because of recurrent, apparently life-threatening events at home that began at the age of 3 months. He had required cardiopulmonary resuscitation b...
Alpha 1 antitrypsin (PI) phenotypes in two rheumatic diseases: a reappraisal of the association of PI subtypes in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: S.S Papiha, B Pal, D Walker, P Mangion, M.A Hossain
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1989)

alpha 1 Antitrypsin phenotypes were determined by isoelectric focusing in 225 adult white patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 60 patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis (grade III and IV), 17 sibling pairs--HLA identical but discordant for rheumatoid arthritis, and 122 random patients with Sjögren's syndrome. No significant increase in non-M phenotypes was found in either of the groups of patients with RA, but the association between M subvariants was striking. There was a significant increase in M1M2 phenotype and M2 allotype in both the RA and severe RA groups. This increase in M1M2 was also supported by DR4 positive patients with RA compared with DR4 positive siblings without RA. No apparent association of variant phenotype was found in four subgroups of patients with Sjögren's syndrome.
An Address ON MODERN ANTISEPTICS: Delivered at a Meeting of the Hunterian Society on November 7th, 1917
Authors: A. P. Gould
Journal: BMJ (1917)

THE great conceptions of the early workers with antiseptics were: (1) That all wound diseases are due to infection with living organisms-at first always spoken of as "germs," the "germs of disease."(2) That these "germs " gain access to a wound from without, and chiefly throtugh the air. (3)That these " germs " can be killed by treatment with sufficiently powerful antiseptics, and if nad when this is done, healing of a wound proceeds without interffuption, The aim of these early antiseptic surgeons was tp prevent infection of wounds, and the early triumps Of aiitiSeptic surgeiy were gained in the prevention Of those terrible complications which had up to that time been the bane of surgery.
Case 90-1961
Authors: Richard C. Cabot, Benjamin Castleman, Betty U. Kibbee
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

Presentation of Case A fifty-seven-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of loss of consciousness. During the previous seven years the patient experienced gradually increasing heat intolerance, nervousness, restlessness and tremors and lost 50 pounds in weight. Occasionally there was substernal pain with radiation to both shoulders and subscapular areas in relation to nervousness or excitement, but not to exertion. Enlargement of the neck began one year before entry. Moderately severe constipation developed one month before admission. Two weeks later he became extremely restless, weak, diaphoretic and intolerant of heat. On one occasion he fell to the floor and . . .
EAU Guidelines on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Authors: Jean J.M.C.H. de la Rosette, Gerasimos Alivizatos, Stephan Madersbacher, Massimo Perachino, David Thomas, Fran&ccedil;ois Desgrandchamps, Michel de Wildt
Journal: European Urology (2001)
Serum Transaminase: Its Clinical Use in Diagnosis and Prognosis
Authors: R. Bruce, J. K. Todd, L. LeDune
Journal: BMJ (1958)

Ostrow et al. (1956) quote one case of Fiedler's myo- carditis in which the S.G.O.T. was elevated as one would expect, and Chesler (1958) reports elevated levels in diphtheritic myocarditis.Nydick et al. (1955a, 1955b) give an interesting account of its elevation in acute rheumatic carditis.The latter at any rate cannot often be confused with myocardial infarction, and no such difficulty arose in the present series. SummarySerial daily estimations of serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (S.G.O.T.) for at least 10 days have been made in 34 acute episodes of myocardial infarction occurring in 28 patients.The results have been com- pared with changes in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (E.S.R.), temperature, and electrocardiogram.Estimations of S.G.O.T. are most useful (a) when the electrocardiogram is obscured by previous myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, bundle-branch block, left ven- tricular strain, and digitalis; (b) when extension of myocardial infarction is suspected; and (c) to distinguish between acute coronary insufficiency and myocardial infarction.There was no rise in S.G.O.T. in 8.8% of the cases of fresh myocardial infarction.The maximum elevation of S.G.O.T. roughly corre- sponds with the electrocardiographic estimation of the size of the infarct only if other causes of a raised trans- aminase can be excluded.The most important of these in myocardial infarction is centrilobular necrosis of the liver secondary to cardiac failure.In small infarctions serial estimations of S.G.O.T. may show a characteristic curve even though the peak does not exceed 40 units.
Pioglitazone reduced liver injury and improved fasting glucose in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis without diabetes
Authors: Kristina Utzschneider, Kris Kowdley
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Source Citation Aithal GP, Thomas JA, Kaye PV, Lawson A, Ryder SD, et al. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of pioglitazone in nondiabetic subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology. 2008;135:1176-84. 18718471