tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Highlights of United European Gastroenterology Week 2006
Authors: T. Rösch
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

The United European Gastroenterology Week (UEGW) of 2006 offered an interesting variety of topics, and included many randomized studies that had not been previously presented at major meetings. Papers presented at plenary sessions will be given some priority in the following paper, whereas the selection of topics from abstracts, on the basis of poster presentations, has been more limited, necessarily reflecting to some extent the personal taste of the reviewer.
New Center Director States "Complementary" Agenda
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (2000)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
'Brain Death' and Organ Retrieval
Authors: Lee Kesterson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

To the Editor.—  We read with great interest the article 'Brain Death' and Organ Retrieval by Youngner et al. 1 As were the authors, we were reassured by the observation that physicians in decision-making roles were much more informed about the issues associated with the diagnosis of brain  than were other health care professionals. This article, in addition, demonstrates the general lack of understanding of the critical issues involved with brain  We agree that there is persistent confusion concerning the issue of death vs brain death. Not only is this confusion prevalent among health care provider nondecision makers, but it is prevalent as well in the general population. We believe this general lack of understanding is the major source of the frequently unsuccessful bids for organ procurement, not the shortcomings of neurosurgeons and other decision makers, as suggested by Youngner et al.  At our institution we evaluate and
QUIESCENT FOREIGN BODIES WITHIN THE EYEBALL WITH A REPORT OF CASES.Read before the Section on Ophthalmology, at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association at Milwaukee.
Authors: WALTER B. JOHNSON
Journal: JAMA (1893)

When the eyeball has been penetrated by any extraneous material the resulting injury and probable subsequent irritation and inflammation is always regarded with the utmost concern by the surgeon in attendance. Even if the particle comprising the foreign body is very minute, if the impact has been sufficient to cause it to penetrate the walls of the eyeball and it has passed within the globe, it is a grave and serious condition. The prognosis is nearly always unfavorable, as it may immediately become a source of severe suppurative inflammation resulting in destruction of the eye, necessitating its enucleation, or if allowed to remain may eventually result in disease of the injured eye, or possible sympathetic irritation and inflammation of the fellow eye. Should a foreign body have entered the globe and only a moderate inflammation result, the question of its possibly becoming encysted and remaining quiescent, presents itself for consideration,
Reed report on mentally disordered offenders.
Authors: D. Chiswick
Journal: BMJ (1992)

first 15 minutes.Thereafter, those indicating high risk behaviour together with a comparison group of similar size were subjected to a longer, more detailed interview.The British used face to face interviewing to gather unthreatening information, and then with characteristic British discretion proceeded to ask more sensitive questions by means of printed cards, and with the really difficult ones, concealment of the answers in an envelope.The development of these techniques makes interesting reading.6-8Although in the first British pilot study, only 05°/0 of men admitted some homosexual experience, in the main study 6 l%/o in Britain and 11 9% in Greater London did so.No doubt the interview method had been improved, but how much further scope for improvement is there?To what extent does the reported association between multiple partners and higher socio- economic status reflect differing degrees of preparedness to
Norovirus Gastroenteritis in Immunocompromised Patients
Authors: Sarah Haessler, Eric V. Granowitz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2013)

Norovirus Gastroenteritis in Immunocompromised PatientsTo the Editor: Bok and Green (Nov.29 issue) 1 expertly summarize the epidemiologic features, diagnosis, prevention, and management of norovirus infection in immunocompromised hosts.We emphasize the authors' point about handwashing as the mainstay of prevention.A very low infectious dose is required to transmit disease. 2 Because data on the efficacy of alcohol-based hand sanitizers against norovirus are inconclusive, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends washing with soap and running water.The isolation of infectious patients and environmental decontamination with sodium hypochlorite-based cleaning solutions are other important strategies.
The formation and metabolism of 3α,7α-dihydroxy-5β-cholestan-26-oic acid in man
Authors: Russell F. Hanson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

The formation and metabolism of a naturally occurring C(27) bile acid, 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oic acid, was studied in patients with T-tube bile fistulas. C-26-cholesterol-(14)C was shown to be converted to this C(27) bile acid. After synthesis and labeling with tritium, 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oic acid was efficiently metabolized to chenodeoxycholic acid. After oral and i.v. administration there was conversion of about 80% of the administered amount to chenodeoxycholic acid. A small amount, less than 2% of the administered radioactivity, was converted to cholic acid. The remainder of the radioactivity was excreted in two unidentified peaks of radioactivity. The results of this study demonstrate that 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oic acid is a metabolic product of cholesterol and is further metabolized, predominantly to chenodeoxycholic acid and to a minor extent to cholic acid in man.
Indirect health effects of relative humidity in indoor environments.
Authors: A V Arundel, E M Sterling, J H Biggin, T D Sterling
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

A review of the health effects of relative humidity in indoor environments suggests that relative humidity can affect the incidence of respiratory infections and allergies. Experimental studies on airborne-transmitted infectious bacteria and viruses have shown that the survival or infectivity of these organisms is minimized by exposure to relative humidities between 40 and 70%. Nine epidemiological studies examined the relationship between the number of respiratory infections or absenteeism and the relative humidity of the office, residence, or school. The incidence of absenteeism or respiratory infections was found to be lower among people working or living in environments with mid-range versus low or high relative humidities. The indoor size of allergenic mite and fungal populations is directly dependent upon the relative humidity. Mite populations are minimized when the relative humidity is below 50% and reach a maximum size at 80% relative humidity. Most species of fungi cannot grow unless the relative humidity exceeds 60%. Relative humidity also affects the rate of offgassing of formaldehyde from indoor building materials, the rate of formation of acids and salts from sulfur and nitrogen dioxide, and the rate of formation of ozone. The influence of relative humidity on the abundance of allergens, pathogens, and noxious chemicals suggests that indoor relative humidity levels should be considered as a factor of indoor air quality. The majority of adverse health effects caused by relative humidity would be minimized by maintaining indoor levels between 40 and 60%. This would require humidification during winter in areas with cold winter climates. Humidification should preferably use evaporative or steam humidifiers, as cool mist humidifiers can disseminate aerosols contaminated with allergens.
BLOOD ESTRIN LEVEL IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
Authors: H. A. Sears, R. A. Morter, Marie Simonsen, Claude Williams
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1937)

1. We have shown, by means of the Frank and Goldberger test, that of our 186 schizophrenic subjects 129 (69.35 per cent) show a negative reaction, or no demonstrable quantity of blood estrin. 2. By the same test we have shown that of our 50 normal menstruating women only 4 (8 per cent) show no demonstrable estrin. 3. From this evidence we conclude that in schizophrenia (female subjects) there is a definite imbalance of the gonotropic and gonad stimulating hormones. 4. We suggest the use of theelin (replacement) therapy as a factor in treatment of certain cases of schizophrenia occurring in the female. 5. We realize the important part that the hypophyseal and corpus luteum hormones may play in this imbalance but leave concluding statements on this relation for future investigation.
Measurement of cardiac muscle relaxation in hypothyroidism.
Authors: J J Manns, A M Shepherd, J Crooks, D G Adamson
Journal: BMJ (1976)

The isovolumetric relaxation time of the left ventricle (IRT) in 20 hypothyroid patients (133 +/- (SE of mean) 4 ms) was significantly longer than that in 23 normal subjects (95 +/- 3 ms). During a trial of thyroxine replacement the IRT in 12 hypothyroid patients fell from 143 +/- 4 ms to 107 +/- 4 ms. The IRT seems to be a useful index of end-organ function in hypothyroidism.
Hypoglycaemia and Diabetes: Clinical and Physiological Aspects; Hypoglycaemia
Authors: R Turner
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Ed Brian Frier, Miles Fisher Edward Arnold, £, pp 405 ISBN 0-340-55421-5

Ed J W Gregory, A Aynsley-Green Bailliere Tindall, £27.50, pp 783 ISBN 0-7020-1700-0

The results of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (N Engl J Med 1993;329:977) showing that improved glucose control of type 1 diabetes can retard the progress of microvascular disease, have confirmed that more attention needs to be given to providing patients who have type 1 diabetes with the facilities and techniques required to improve their blood glucose control. The …
GEOMETRIC DEFORMITY OF THE MITRAL VALVE APPARATUS IN ISCHEMIC MITRAL REGURGITATION: THREE-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS WITH MULTISLICE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Yoshimori An, Shuichiro Kaji, Kitae Kim, Atsushi Yamamuro, Makoto Kinoshita, Natsuhiko Ehara, Atsushi Kobori, Takeshi Kitai, Tomoko Tani, Toru Kita, Yutaka Furukawa
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
FRACTURE OF THE FIRST RIB
Authors: E. G. Slesinger
Journal: BMJ (1921)

<b>Objective</b> To quantify randomness and cost when choosing health and medical research projects for funding. <b>Design</b> Retrospective analysis. <b>Setting</b> Grant review panels of the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia. <b>Participants</b> Panel members’ scores for grant proposals submitted in 2009. <b>Main outcome measures</b> The proportion of grant proposals that were always, sometimes, and never funded after accounting for random variability arising from differences in panel members’ scores, and the cost effectiveness of different size assessment panels. <b>Results</b> 59% of 620 funded grants were sometimes not funded when random variability was taken into account. Only 9% (n=255) of grant proposals were always funded, 61% (n=1662) never funded, and 29% (n=788) sometimes funded. The extra cost per grant effectively funded from the most effective system was $A18 541 (£11 848; €13 482; $19 343). <b>Conclusions</b> Allocating funding for scientific research in health and medicine is costly and somewhat random. There are many useful research questions to be addressed that could improve current processes.
Mechanical properties of resting and active isolated coronary arteries.
Authors: J G De Mey, D L Brutsaert
Journal: Circulation Research (1984)

Coronary arterial smooth muscle is myogenically active, is acted upon by a variety of modulating agents, and is subjected, in situ, to compression and distension by the myocardium. Its mechanical properties thus play a key role in the regulation of coronary blood flow. To describe these, we applied phase-plane analysis of shortening velocity vs. length and load clamping to strips of isolated coronary arteries made to contract by an increase in extracellular potassium concentration. At any load, length was larger in relaxed than in "resting" preparations. In addition, preloaded shortening was smaller than would be expected from the relation between active isometric force and muscle length. These suggest the occurrence of stretch-activation and shortening-inactivation. To judge from both phase-plane analysis and quick release experiments, shortening velocity depended on load as well as on time. Velocity decreased with increasing duration of contraction. Shortened coronary arteries resisted lengthening induced by loading and could transiently bear loads that considerably exceeded isometric force. This load-bearing capacity increased with increasing shortening. In conclusion, coronary arterial smooth muscle displays the classical relationship between length, force, and velocity. However, the nature of this relationship changes with duration of activity. In addition, it is greatly affected during changes in length or load, such as expected when the arterial wall is exposed to pulsatile blood flow and is surrounded by mechanically active muscle.
Coronary Side-Effect Potential of Current and Prospective Antimigraine Drugs
Authors: Antoinette MaassenVanDenBrink, Marije Reekers, Willem A. Bax, Michel D. Ferrari, Pramod R. Saxena
Journal: Circulation (1998)

Background —The antimigraine drugs ergotamine and sumatriptan may cause angina-like symptoms, possibly resulting from coronary artery constriction. We compared the coronary vasoconstrictor potential of a number of current and prospective antimigraine drugs (ergotamine, dihydroergotamine, methysergide and its metabolite methylergometrine, sumatriptan, naratriptan, zolmitriptan, rizatriptan, avitriptan). Methods and Results —Concentration-response curves to the antimigraine drugs were constructed in human isolated coronary artery segments to obtain the maximum contractile response (E max ) and the concentration eliciting 50% of E max (EC 50 ). The EC 50 values were related to maximum plasma concentrations (C max ) reported in patients, obtaining C max /EC 50 ratios as an index of coronary vasoconstriction occurring in the clinical setting. Furthermore, we studied the duration of contractile responses after washout of the acutely acting antimigraine drugs to assess their disappearance from the receptor biophase. Compared with sumatriptan, all drugs were more potent (lower EC 50 values) in contracting the coronary artery but had similar efficacies (E max &lt;25% of K + -induced contraction). The C max of avitriptan was 7- to 11-fold higher than its EC 50 value, whereas those of the other drugs were &lt;40% of their respective EC 50 values. The contractile responses to ergotamine and dihydroergotamine persisted even after repeated washings, but those to the other drugs declined rapidly after washing. Conclusions —All current and prospective antimigraine drugs contract the human coronary artery in vitro, but in view of low efficacy, these drugs are unlikely to cause myocardial ischemia at therapeutic plasma concentrations in healthy subjects. In patients with coronary artery disease, however, these drugs must remain contraindicated. The sustained contraction by ergotamine and dihydroergotamine seems to be an important disadvantage compared with sumatriptan-like drugs.
Congo health officials draw up measures for war conditions
Authors: M. Hunter
Journal: BMJ (2002)

When Mount Nyiragongo erupted in the Democratic Republic of Congo last month it was merely nature's contribution to a public health disaster that has been continuing throughout four years of bloody civil war.

Indeed, aid agencies are already concerned that, with pictures of the lava devastated town of Gomo no longer featuring in daily news bulletins, the world will once again turn a blind eye towards a catastrophe described by the World Health Organization as “one of the greatest humanitarian disasters of all time.”

It is estimated that over 200000 civilians have been killed directly by violence in the republic over the past three …
Role of the small GTPase Rap1 for integrin activity regulation in endothelial cells and angiogenesis
Authors: Guillaume Carmona, Stephan Göttig, Alessia Orlandi, Jürgen Scheele, Tobias Bäuerle, Manfred Jugold, Fabian Kiessling, Reinhard Henschler, Andreas M. Zeiher, Stefanie Dimmeler, Emmanouil Chavakis
Journal: Blood (2008)
‘Tell Us What You Want to Do, and We'll Tell You How to Do It Ethically’—Academic Bioethics: Routinely Ideological and Occasionally Corrupt
Authors: Miran Epstein
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2008)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Note on the title: A self-critical depiction of the remit of academic bioethics (Callahan 1992 Callahan, D. . Why America accepted bioethics. Address to the Birth of Bioethics Conference. September23–241992, Seattle, WA. pp.58–59. Hastings Center Report 23, 6 [Google Scholar]).
Results of Prolonged Treatment with Pentolinium Tartrate
Authors: EDWARD D. FREIS, ILSE M. WILSON
Journal: Circulation (1956)

A series of 96 patients with severe hypertension has been treated with pentolinium tartrate for an average period of 12 months. Seventeen patients died. Therapy was more effective in arresting changes in the optic fundi and in the heart than in the kidneys. Various combinations of hypotensive agents were tested and it was concluded that in general the combination of pentolinium tartrate, Rauwolfia and hydralazine resulted in the greatest reduction of blood pressure with the least degree of side effects due to ganglionic "blockade."
Impaired Cardiac Adjustment to Pregnancy in Type I Diabetes
Authors: K E J Airaksinen, M J Ikäheimo, P I Salmela, P Kirkinen, M K Linnaluoto, J T Takkunen
Journal: Diabetes Care (1986)

To assess the adaptation of the heart of diabetic subjects in the natural volume overload state of pregnancy, echocardiography was performed during each trimester and postpartum in 17 women with insulindependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and in 11 healthy women. The mean duration of diabetes was 14 yr and signs of microvascular complications were detected in 6 patients. The diabetic women had slightly smaller left ventricles than the control women already in the basal state (postpartum), and the pregnancy-induced increase in left ventricular size and stroke volume was less in the diabetic than in the control women. The heart rate rise also tended to be less in the diabetic women, resulting in a markedly smaller increase in cardiac output in this group (1.3 vs. 3.4 L/min, P &amp;lt; .01). Left ventricular systolic function, wall thicknesses, or left atrial size did not differ between the groups at any point in the study. Minor collections of pericardial fluid were observed in 14 (76%) diabetic women and in 5 (45%) control women during the second and/or third trimester, but only 2 diabetic women had classic pericardial effusions. In conclusion, the normal hemodynamic adjustments to pregnancy seem to be impaired in women with IDDM. Preclinical diabetic cardiomyopathy and autonomic neuropathy may be involved in the observed alterations.
Impairment of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in rat fatty liver exposed to preservation-reperfusion injury
Authors: Paolo Caraceni, Cristina Bianchi, Marco Domenicali, Anna Maria Pertosa, Elisabetta Maiolini, Giovanna Parenti Castelli, Bruno Nardo, Franco Trevisani, Giorgio Lenaz, Mauro Bernardi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Textbook of Neurology
Authors: Murray Grossman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Medical Writings: Book Notes4 May 1999Textbook of NeurologyMurray Grossman, MDMurray Grossman, MDUniversity of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (Grossman)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-9-199905040-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Bogousslavsky J, Fisher M; eds. 870 pages. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1998. $75.00. ISBN 0750699183. Order phone 800-366-2665.Field of medicine: Neurology.Format: Hardcover book.Audience: Medical students, residents, and practitioners seeking an introduction to topics in clinical neurology.Purpose: To serve as a general textbook of neurology.Content: The 52 chapters of this book are grouped into three sections. “Basic Principles of Neurology” reviews a range of fundamental, clinical topics, such as neurophysiology, neuroimmunology, and neuroepidemiology. The second section, “Neurologic Symptoms,” focuses on such common problems as neck and low back pain, disorders of gait, and aphasia. The core of the ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (Grossman) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 4 May 1999Volume 130, Issue 9Page: 788KeywordsEpilepsyGenetic diseasesHuman geneticsLower back painMolecular biologyMultiple sclerosisNervous systemNeurologyNeurophysiologyStroke ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 4 May 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...