tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A global view of hepatitis C: Physician knowledge, opinions, and perceived barriers to care
Authors: Christopher E. McGowan, Ali Monis, Bruce R. Bacon, Josep Mallolas, Fernando L. Goncales, Ioannis Goulis, Fred Poordad, Nezam Afdhal, Stefan Zeuzem, Teerha Piratvisuth, Patrick Marcellin, Michael W. Fried
Journal: Hepatology (2013)

Chronic infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Although recent advances in antiviral therapy have led to significant improvements in treatment response rates, only a minority of infected patients are treated. Multiple barriers may impede the delivery of HCV therapy. The aim of this study was to identify perceived barriers to care, knowledge, and opinions among a global sample of HCV treatment providers. An international, multidisciplinary survey of HCV treatment providers was conducted. Each physician responded to a series of 214 questions concerning his or her practice characteristics, opinions regarding the state of HCV care, knowledge regarding HCV treatment, and perception of treatment barriers. A total of 697 physicians from 29 countries completed the survey. Overall, physicians viewed patient-level barriers as most significant, including fear of side effects and concerns regarding treatment duration and cost. There were distinct regional variations, with Central and Eastern European physicians citing government barriers as most important. In Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa, payer-level barriers, including lack of treatment coverage, were prominent. Overall, the perception of barriers was strongly associated with physician knowledge, experience, and region of origin, with the fewest barriers reported by Nordic physicians and the most reported by Middle Eastern and African physicians. Globally, physicians demonstrated deficits in basic treatment principles, including the role of viral kinetics and the management of treatment nonresponders. Two thirds of surveyed physicians believed that patients do not have adequate access to providers in their community.Barriers to HCV treatment vary globally, though patient-level factors are viewed as most significant by treating physicians. Efforts to improve awareness, education, and specialist availability are needed.
Dysregulated choline metabolism in T-cell lymphoma: role of choline kinase-α and therapeutic targeting
Authors: J Xiong, J Bian, L Wang, J-Y Zhou, Y Wang, Y Zhao, L-L Wu, J-J Hu, B Li, S-J Chen, C Yan, W-L Zhao
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2015)

Cancer cells have distinct metabolomic profile. Metabolic enzymes regulate key oncogenic signaling pathways and have an essential role on tumor progression. Here, serum metabolomic analysis was performed in 45 patients with T-cell lymphoma (TCL) and 50 healthy volunteers. The results showed that dysregulation of choline metabolism occurred in TCL and was related to tumor cell overexpression of choline kinase-α (Chokα). In T-lymphoma cells, pharmacological and molecular silencing of Chokα significantly decreased Ras-GTP activity, AKT and ERK phosphorylation and MYC oncoprotein expression, leading to restoration of choline metabolites and induction of tumor cell apoptosis/necropotosis. In a T-lymphoma xenograft murine model, Chokα inhibitor CK37 remarkably retarded tumor growth, suppressed Ras-AKT/ERK signaling, increased lysophosphatidylcholine levels and induced in situ cell apoptosis/necropotosis. Collectively, as a regulatory gene of aberrant choline metabolism, Chokα possessed oncogenic activity and could be a potential therapeutic target in TCL, as well as other hematological malignancies with interrupted Ras signaling pathways.
Barium Enema Examination in Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Robert N. Berk
Journal: JAMA (1976)

ALTHOUGH it is not well known or universally accepted for the diagnosis of appendicitis, the barium enema examination is a safe, simple, and reliable technique for prompt detection. In most cases, the signs and symptoms are typical, and the disease can be recognized by simple clinical and laboratory studies. However, the diagnosis may be delayed or missed in patients with minimal, atypical, or unusual manifestations. Conversely, acute appendicitis may be incorrectly diagnosed in patients with mesenteric lymphadenitis, acute ileitis, and other diseases that simulate appendicitis. Clinical difficulty is particularly prone to occur in children less than 4 years of age who are unable to describe their symptoms and in elderly patients, in whom abdominal pain is often bizarre, localized abdominal tenderness may be absent, and leukocytosis is less frequent.<sup>1</sup>In adults, the diagnosis is complicated by the variety of diseases that must be considered in the differential diagnosis. The
Mechanisms of autoimmune disease in the testis and ovary
Authors: K. Tung
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (1995)

Journal Article Mechanisms of autoimmune disease in the testis and ovary Get access Kenneth S.K. Tung, Kenneth S.K. Tung 1 1Department of Pathology, University of VirginiaCharlottesville, VA 22908 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Cory Teusher Cory Teusher 2Department of Microbiology, Brigham Young UniversityProvo, UT 84602, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Reproduction Update, Volume 1, Issue 1, 1 January 1995, Pages 35–50, https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/1.1.35 Published: 01 January 1995 Article history Received: 05 August 1994 Accepted: 02 September 1994 Published: 01 January 1995
Gastrobronchial Fistula After Caustic Injury Due to Lye Ingestion
Authors: E. A. Purucker, S. Südfeld, S. Matern
Journal: Endoscopy (2003)

Gastrobronchial fistula is an extremely rare occurrence. Most cases result from postoperative complications of esophagogastric surgery [1] and rarely from traumatic injury [2], subphrenic abscess [3], perforating peptic ulcer [4], or malignancies [5]. We observed the delayed development of a gastrobronchial fistula after massive caustic injury of the stomach due to suicidal lye ingestion.
Dysphagia in a Patient With Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: Bruce W. Trotman
Journal: JAMA (1980)

DYSPHAGIA owing to lymphomatous involvement of the esophagus is uncommon and usually occurs late in the course of the disease, followed by death within six to 12 months.<sup>1,2</sup>A patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma initially manifested dysphagia. The diagnosis was suspected by the presence of Sternberg-Reed cells in the exfoliative cytological examination of the esophagus and confirmed by a lymph node biopsy specimen. We emphasize the importance of exfoliative cytology and the careful approach to management and staging of this uncommon clinical presentation. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 33-year-old man was admitted to the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania complaining of progressive dysphagia and weight loss for the past five months. The patient was healthy until 12 months before admission when he experienced occasional nocturnal nausea relieved by bilious vomiting. An upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract series was normal at that time, and his symptoms subsided spontaneously over the next
A translocation t(2;8)(q12;p11) fuses FGFR1 to a novel partner gene, RANBP2/NUP358, in a myeloproliferative/myelodysplastic neoplasm
Authors: C Gervais, L Dano, N Perrusson, C Hélias, E Jeandidier, A-C Galoisy, A Ittel, R Herbrecht, K Bilger, L Mauvieux
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Defective cellular immunity in renal failure: depression of reactivity of lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin by renal failure serum
Authors: W. Marcus Newberry, Jay P. Sanford
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

In defining host resistance factors in uremia, experiments were designed to assess the effect of renal failure serum upon the reactivity of normal human lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin in vitro. Normal buffy coat cells were resuspended in sera obtained from normal subjects and from 14 patients with renal failure, then stimulated with phytohemagglutinin M and the cellular response measured by the increase in thymidine or uridine uptake. The mean thymidine uptake by stimulated cells in normal sera was 14,389 +/-1695 (SEM) cpm per 2 x 10(6) lymphocytes. Uridine uptake under the same conditions was 12,540 +/-1887 cpm. Compared to these are a mean thymidine uptake of 2740 +/-457 cpm and uridine uptake of 3928 +/-667 cpm in renal failure sera. Both differences are significant at P<0.01 level. For controls representing "chronic illnesses," sera from patients with pneumococcal meningitis, cirrhosis of the liver without jaundice, rheumatoid arthritis, and paraplegia with urinary tract infection did not cause suppression. No single drug had been taken by all the renal failure patients; three patients were taking no drugs. The serum from one patient with acute renal failure suppressed thymidine uptake while her serum obtained after recovery from her illness supported a normal lymphocyte response. Improvement of lymphocyte response was also noted in 9 of 10 sera obtained from patients immediately after hemodialysis. These observations plus the inhibition of stimulated cells by normal serum mixed with renal failure serum indicate the presence of a dialyzable inhibitory factor rather than the absence of a supporting factor in the renal failure sera. Lymphocytes preincubated for 24 hr in renal failure serum responded normally when transferred to normal serum and stimulated. Cells stimulated in normal serum and transferred to renal failure serum within the initial 24 hr of incubation demonstrated depressed thymidine uptake. Also, cell survival for 72 hr incubation as judged by trypan blue exclusion and chromium-51 release was similar in normal and renal failure sera. Thus, the suppressive effect of renal failure serum does not depend upon the initial phytohemagglutinin-cell interaction nor upon a significant cytotoxic effect. These studies demonstrate that a dialyzable factor(s) in the serum of patients with renal failure can greatly suppress one parameter by which an immune function of circulating lymphocytes is assessed and provides at least, a partial explanation for delayed homograft rejections in renal failure as well as the susceptibility of such patients to various infections.
Importance of peripheral insulin levels for insulin-induced suppression of glucose production in depancreatized dogs.
Authors: A Giacca, S J Fisher, Z Q Shi, R Gupta, H L Lickley, M Vranic
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

It is generally believed that glucose production (GP) cannot be adequately suppressed in insulin-treated diabetes because the portal-peripheral insulin gradient is absent. To determine whether suppression of GP in diabetes depends on portal insulin levels, we performed 3-h glucose and specific activity clamps in moderately hyperglycemic (10 mM) depancreatized dogs, using three protocols: (a) 54 pmol.kg-1 bolus + 5.4 pmol.kg-1.min-1 portal insulin infusion (n = 7; peripheral insulin = 170 +/- 51 pM); (b) an equimolar peripheral infusion (n = 7; peripheral insulin = 294 +/- 28 pM, P < 0.001); and (c) a half-dose peripheral infusion (n = 7), which gave comparable (157 +/- 13 pM) insulinemia to that seen in protocol 1. Glucose production, use (GU) and cycling (GC) were measured using HPLC-purified 6-[3H]- and 2-[3H]glucose. Consistent with the higher peripheral insulinemia, peripheral infusion was more effective than equimolar portal infusion in increasing GU. Unexpectedly, it was also more potent in suppressing GP (73 +/- 7 vs. 55 +/- 7% suppression between 120 and 180 min, P < 0.001). At matched peripheral insulinemia (protocols 2 and 3), not only stimulation of GU, but also suppression of GP was the same (55 +/- 7 vs. 63 +/- 4%). In the diabetic dogs at 10 mM glucose, GC was threefold higher than normal but failed to decrease with insulin infusion by either route. Glycerol, alanine, FFA, and glucagon levels decreased proportionally to peripheral insulinemia. However, the decrease in glucagon was not significantly greater in protocol 2 than in 1 or 3. When we combined all protocols, we found a correlation between the decrements in glycerol and FFAs and the decrease in GP (r = 0.6, P < 0.01). In conclusion, when suprabasal insulin levels in the physiological postprandial range are provided to moderately hyperglycemic depancreatized dogs, suppression of GP appears to be more dependent on peripheral than portal insulin concentrations and may be mainly mediated by limitation of the flow of precursors and energy substrates for gluconeogenesis and by the suppressive effect of insulin on glucagon secretion. These results suggest that a portal-peripheral insulin gradient might not be necessary to effectively suppress postprandial GP in insulin-treated diabetics.
Distribution of glycoproteins containing fucose in normal and psoriatic keratinocytes
Authors: PATRICIA R. MANN, R. H. WILLIAMS, G. M. GRAY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1980)

Electron microscope autoradiography has been used to compare the fucose-containing glycoproteins of normal and psoriatic epidermis. Normal keratinocytes and uninvolved psoriatic cells have most of their fucose on the plasma membrane, whereas involved psoriatic cells retain more within the cytoplasm. The fucose distribution in other epidermal cell types is also described.
BRIDGE: An Open-Label Phase II Trial Evaluating the Safety of Bevacizumab + Carboplatin/Paclitaxel as First-Line Treatment for Patients with Advanced, Previously Untreated, Squamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: John D. Hainsworth, Liang Fang, Jane E. Huang, David Karlin, Kenneth Russell, Leonardo Faoro, Christopher Azzoli
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Prospective risk of unexplained stillbirth in singleton pregnancies at term: population based analysis
Authors: C. S Cotzias, S. Paterson-Brown, N. M Fisk
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Unexpected late fetal death is tragic but not uncommon, most such fetal deaths being unexplained.Although five times more common than sudden infant death, 1 they have attracted scant public attention.Delivery is recommended when the risks to the fetus in utero are greater than those to the baby after birth; in high risk pregnancies this is generally believed to be around 38 weeks.The risk of unexplained stillbirth near term is, however, relevant to all pregnancies.Current numerical estimates do not detail risk by gestation, 1 and the few studies that have done so are no longer applicable in the United Kingdom in the late 1990s.Yudkin et al calculated the total risk of stillbirth by gestation using population data that are currently over 15 years old, 2 while Feldman calculated a prospective risk using data from a New York City population, including multiple pregnancies and a high proportion of women with no antenatal care. 3 We calculated prospective risks of unexplained stillbirth by gestation in singleton pregnancies near term.
Abstract 4770: Cell-to-cell transfer of Ras proteins from cancer cells to lymphocytes at the immunological synapse is augmented upon antigenic specificity
Authors: Helly Vernitsky, Oded Rechavi, Meital Nagar, Yoel Kloog, Itamar Goldstein
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Immune cells establish dynamic adhesive cell-cell interactions at a specific contact region, termed the immunological synapse (IS). Important features of the IS are the formation of cell-cell membrane fusions and bridges and the intercellular transfer of selected proteins. In previous studied we found that upon IS formation, a variety of Ras super-family members transfer intact from B cells to T and NK cells, and consequently transmit signals across cell boundaries. Mutations in Ras proto-oncogenes are rather common in human cancers, including melanoma, and moreover immunosurveillance is particularly important for the elimination of malignant melanoma. Thus, it was of interest to study whether mutated constitutively active Ras proteins transfer from HLA-2+ melanoma cells (MEL526) to patients-derived tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and whether they can serve as a stimulatory ‘danger’ signal. Using an ex vivo co-culture system we found that TILs_as opposed to polyclonal T cells_efficiently and rapidly acquired intact H-Ras-G12V-GFP from MEL526 transfectants. Importantly, the adopted Ras was incorporated into the plasma membrane of the TILs in the correct in-out orientation. To study the functional consequences of the ‘non-autonomously translated’ H-Ras-G12V in the adopting TILs, we analyzed its effect on ERK1/2 activation and a variety of T cell effector functions. We found that the adopted H-Ras-G12V increased p-ERK1/2 levels in the adopting lymphocyte. Moreover, H-Ras-G12V-GFP+ TILs specifically produced more IFN-g and showed increased cytotoxic activity. In conclusion, our findings show a hitherto unobserved mode of intercellular signal transfer between T cells and cancer cells that may play an important role in the complex process of cancer immunoediting. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4770.
Severe drug rashes in three siblings simultaneously
Authors: L. Johnson‐Reagan, S. L. Bahna
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: Adverse reactions to drugs commonly occur sporadically. Certain individuals seem to have an increased susceptibility to develop reactions to multiple drugs. Genetic predisposition has not been elucidated. Our objective was to describe a case of three siblings who developed severe rashes to the same drug simultaneously. Methods: Review of the patients’ medical records for information on the clinical course, and comparing their serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels initially and during follow‐up. Results: The rashes were compatible with erythema multiforme and Stevens‐Johnson syndrome and developed in the three siblings within 1–3 weeks after the intake of thiabendazole. Follow‐up of serum Ig levels did not show any particular pattern, except for an initial mild to moderate elevation in IgG, IgA and IgM. Conclusions: The occurrence of such severe cutaneous drug reaction in the three siblings to the same drug suggests a genetic predisposition to adverse drug reactions.
Infections Caused by Microorganisms of the Genus Erwinia
Authors: BURT R. MEYERS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Isolates belonging to the genus Erwinia were recovered from 17 outpatients and 14 hospitalized patients during a 15-month period. Only three of the isolates from the outpatients were in pure culture. All isolates from the hospitalized patients were in pure culture, and seven were derived from blood cultures. Two isolates were derived from urine cultures; one each from bone marrow, wound, and pleural fluid culture; and one from the venous site of a Scribner shunt. One patient had a brain abscess caused by Erwinia organisms. Five of the bacteremias seemed to be secondary to contaminated intravenous infusion sets; erwinias were isolated from one of the sets. Erwinia strains were uniformly inhibited by neomycin and gentamicin. Erwinia species were identified by their yellow-pigmented colonies, characteristic symplasmatic formation, anaerogenic fermentation of standard test carbohydrates, and absence of decarboxylase and dihydrolase activities. The epidemiology of recent outbreaks of septicemia caused by this organism is discussed.
Primary Appendectomy
Authors: Paul D. Foster
Journal: JAMA (1978)

A prospective, randomized, double-blind study on the effect of cephaloridine prophylaxis in the surgical management of appendicitis was performed. Of the 139 patients studied, 70 received cephaloridine and 69 received placebo prophylaxis. Both groups of patients were well matched with regard to age, sex, operative findings, and bacteria isolated at operation. Postoperative wound infections were detected in 11.6% of placebotreated patients and in 1.4% of cephaloridine-treated patients (P&lt;.02). Prophylactic treatment with cephaloridine of patients undergoing surgery for uncomplicated appendicitis resulted in a perceptible reduction in the rate of postoperative wound infection. (<i>JAMA</i>239:1411-1412, 1978)
Is the increase in allergic asthma associated with an inborn Th1 maturation or with an environmental Th1 trigger defect?
Authors: M. Wjst
Journal: Allergy (2004)

The main reason for the asthma epidemic in industrialized countries is unknown. While childhood mortality from acute respiratory infection is still high in developing countries where asthma prevalence is low, there might be a suppressed natural selection in industrialized countries with a high asthma prevalence. Children with an inborn Th1 maturation defect might survive by better health care and antibiotic use at the cost of higher asthma and allergy rates. Another distinct group of children maybe represented by those having an environmental Th1 trigger deficit where the immune systems is not being sufficiently exposed in early life. Both, a Th1 maturation and a Th1 trigger defect may contribute to a dual Th1 allergy theory.
Impact of neurofibromatosis 1 upon quality of life in childhood: a cross-sectional study of 79 cases
Authors: P. Wolkenstein, D. Rodriguez, S. Ferkal, H. Gravier, V. Buret, N. Algans, M.-C. Simeoni, S. Bastuji-Garin
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) has a significant impact on quality of life (QoL).To evaluate QoL in NF1 according to phenotype from the viewpoint of children and proxy.One hundred and forty families with a child aged between 8 and 16 years, seen consecutively at the National Academic Paediatric Referral Centre for NF1 for a phenotype evaluation, were contacted by mail. Families agreeing to participate were sent two questionnaires, the DISABKIDS for children and proxy and the cartoon version of the Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI). QoL scores were compared with those in other major diseases and were analysed according to age, gender and phenotype.Eighty families agreed to participate, and 79 returned the questionnaires. Using DISABKIDS, NF1 had a higher impact on health-related QoL than asthma (mean+/-SD 75.18+/-18.22 vs. 79.78+/-13.41; P=0.005). The total score was more altered when assessed by proxy than by children (71.20+/-17.94 vs. 75.18+/-18.22; P=0.002). Orthopaedic manifestations, learning disabilities and presence of at least two plexiform neurofibromas were independently associated with a higher impact (P<0.01). The CDLQI score was slightly altered (11.3%). Dermatological signs, such as café-au-lait spots and freckling, did not have a significant impact.Orthopaedic manifestations, learning disabilities and plexiform neurofibromas are the main complications impacting on QoL during childhood NF1. QoL could be considered as an endpoint for intervention studies in this context.
Detection of Achlorhydria by Indirect Gastric Analysis
Authors: I. J. Poliner, M. A. Hayes, H. M. Spiro, Beatrice Pask, Nancy Trocchio
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

IN an effort to avoid the unpleasantness of obtaining gastric contents for analysis, Segal et al.1 devised a practical "tubeless" method employing a cation-exchange resin (Amberlite XE-96) combined with a special indicator cation (quinine hydrochloride). In the stomach, beginning at pH 3, but at an optimum pH of 1.5, the quinine is displaced by hydrogen ions, absorbed and excreted in the urine. The method has not enjoyed great popularity, since the detection of the resulting fluorescent compound in the urine requires special apparatus. Other drugs that give the same fluorescence have led to false-positive tests.The combination of Amberlite XE-96 . . .