tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Absence of peroxisomes in mouse hepatocytes causes mitochondrial and ER abnormalities
Authors: Ruud Dirkx, Ilse Vanhorebeek, Katrin Martens, Arno Schad, Markus Grabenbauer, Dariush Fahimi, Peter Declercq, Paul P. Van Veldhoven, Myriam Baes
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Peroxisome deficiency in men causes severe pathology in several organs, particularly in the brain and liver, but it is still unknown how metabolic abnormalities trigger these defects. In the present study, a mouse model with hepatocyte-selective elimination of peroxisomes was generated by inbreeding Pex5-loxP and albumin-Cre mice to investigate the consequences of peroxisome deletion on the functioning of hepatocytes. Besides the absence of catalase-positive peroxisomes, multiple ultrastructural alterations were noticed, including hepatocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia, smooth endoplasmic reticulum proliferation, and accumulation of lipid droplets and lysosomes. Most prominent was the abnormal structure of the inner mitochondrial membrane, which bore some similarities with changes observed in Zellweger patients. This was accompanied by severely reduced activities of complex I, III, and V and a collapse of the mitochondrial inner membrane potential. Surprisingly, these abnormalities provoked no significant disturbances of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and redox state of the liver. However, a compensatory increase of glycolysis as an alternative source of ATP and mitochondrial proliferation were observed. No evidence of oxidative damage to proteins or lipids nor elevation of oxidative stress defence mechanisms were found. Altered expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) regulated genes indicated that PPAR-α is activated in the peroxisome-deficient cells. In conclusion, the absence of peroxisomes from mouse hepatocytes has an impact on several other subcellular compartments and metabolic pathways but is not detrimental to the function of the liver parenchyma. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the HEPATOLOGY website (http://interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0270-9139/suppmat/index.html). (HEPATOLOGY 2005.)
Diet, alcohol, and relative weight in gall stone disease: a case-control study.
Authors: R K Scragg, A J McMichael, P A Baghurst
Journal: BMJ (1984)

A case control study of gall stone disease in relation to diet, alcohol, and relative weight was undertaken. The study population comprised 267 hospital patients with newly diagnosed gall stone disease, 241 individually matched controls selected from the community, and 359 controls who were patients in hospital. Dietary intake was estimated with a quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the net association between individual nutrients and the risk of formation of gall stones. Variations in risk with sex and age were examined in the light of prior evidence of influences of sex hormones and age on hepatobiliary metabolism. In both sexes increased intake of alcohol was associated with a decreased risk of developing gall stones; increased intake of simple sugars in drinks and sweets was associated with an increased risk; and increased intake of energy or fat was associated with an increased risk in young subjects. Obesity was associated with an increased risk only in young women.
The lysine demethylase LSD1 (KDM1) is required for maintenance of global DNA methylation
Authors: Jing Wang, Sarah Hevi, Julia K Kurash, Hong Lei, Frédérique Gay, Jeffrey Bajko, Hui Su, Weitao Sun, Hua Chang, Guoliang Xu, François Gaudet, En Li, Taiping Chen
Journal: Nature Genetics (2008)
Hypothalamic Stimulation and Feline Gastric Mucosal Cellular Populations
Authors: Janice M. Pearl, Wallace P. Ritchie, Robert B. Gilsdorf, John P. Delaney, Arnold S. Leonard
Journal: JAMA (1966)

It has long been recognized clinically that intracranial abnormalities and peptic ulcer disease coexist more frequently than would be expected by chance.<sup>1</sup>Experimentally it is possible to induce peptic ulcers by destruction or stimulation of a number of cerebral sites.<sup>2</sup>Because of its role as an integrative center for autonomic function, the hypothalamus has received considerable attention from investigators interested in the etiology of the neurogenic or stress ulcer. Gross localization of differing autonomic functions to certain areas within the hypothalamus has been frequently described in several animal species.<sup>3</sup>Our experiments have emphasized the importance of the frequency and pulse duration of the stimulating current in eliciting a sympathetic or parasympathetic response. We find that stimulation of the anteromedial region of the hypothalamus with low frequency, brief duration pulses produces primarily a parasympathetic response while stimulation of the posteromedial region of the hypothalamus with longer duration, higher
Gated SPECT Myocardial Perfusion Imaging, Intraventricular Synchronism, and Cardiac Events in Heart Failure
Authors: Amalia Peix, Jorge Karell, Lydia Rodríguez, Lázaro O. Cabrera, Kenia Padrón, Regla Carrillo, Erick Mena, Yoel Fernández
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of rest gated SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) and intraventricular synchronism, to identify heart failure (HF) patients most likely to experience cardiac events. Methods We studied 165 patients with left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 40%, who were divided in 2 groups according to the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (group 1: 136 patients) or not (group 2: 29 patients). All underwent a rest gated SPECT MPI. Results In 160 patients, the MPI was abnormal. Mean summed rest score was 17 ± 6 (group 1) versus 10 ± 6 (group 2), P < 0.0001. Mean volumes showed a marked ventricular dilation, slightly higher among nonischemic. The mean value of the phase-derived SD was 70 ± 19 (group 1) versus 59 ± 21 degrees (group 2), P = 0.016. The histogram bandwidth showed no significant differences. Forty-four (39%) of 114 patients showed some kind of event during the follow-up. The more frequent events were HF progression (13%) and acute coronary syndrome (11%). The highest odds ratios for prediction of events were 1.91 (phase SD), 1.66 (etiology), and 1.55 (summed rest score), although the association was not significant. Conclusions A rest gated SPECT is a valid approach to identify HF patients most likely to experience cardiac events.
Preparation and characterization of camptothecin (CPT)-loaded folate-conjugated dextran nanoparticles for tumor-targeted drug delivery using supercritical antisolvent method
Authors: Xiuhua Zhao, Dan Wang, Yuangang Zu, Ru Jiang, Dongmei Zhao, Yong Li, Baishi Zu, Zhiqiang Sun, Qi Zhang
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2011)
"SUPERIOR METHOD OF STAINING TUBERCLE BACILLI"
Authors: John Ritter
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, April 14, p. 1092, Dr. Peter Mjedloff requests some further information concerning a bacillary stain in general use at the Kula Sanitarium. The stain to which he refers apparently is the stain designated as Much's granular stain. The stain which is in use at the sanatorium is identical with Much's stain, differing, however, in the fact that the Lugol's solution is used first on the prepared smear and this is then followed by the gentian-violet stain. After destaining with acid in the usual way, counterstaining in Much's technic is by means of a 1 per cent. methylene blue solution, although any other counterstain or dye, such as pyronin, may be used. In the usual staining technic this method of staining the tubercle bacilli is not considered superior to the carbolfuchsin or Ziehl-Neelsen method for detecting the bacilli if in their integrity. It is only
CS-13 * BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN SIGNALING PROMOTES TUMORIGENESIS IN A TRANSGENIC MOUSE MODEL OF GLIOMA
Authors: L. Hover, P. Owens, A. Munden, T. Abel
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

Improved therapies for high grade glioma (HGG) are imperative, as the median survival after diagnosis with grade IV glioma is 15 months. Recently pathways regulating neural development, such as the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway, have been investigated as potential therapeutic targets in HGG. In xenograft transplant models, BMP signaling has been shown to have a tumor suppressive effect on the subpopulation of cells known as glioma-initiating or glioma stem cells. However, the degree to which BMP signaling plays a role in the bulk tumor cells or the more differentiated component in HGG is unknown. To investigate these questions we used both human samples of HGG and a novel murine model of human HGG established in our laboratory. We determined that BMP signaling is present and active in human HGG using a human HGG tissue-microarray. Our analysis of phospho-smad1/5/8 staining suggests that BMP signaling is present and active in most cells in many HGG gliomas, suggesting that BMP signaling is not limited to the glioma stem cell compartment. To examine the role of BMP signaling in differentiated, tumorigenic astrocytes, we deleted the BMP type IA receptor gene (Bmpr1a) in transformed astrocytes, effectively abrogating canonical BMP signaling in these cells. The cells were then transplanted orthotopically into immunocompetent adult host mice. Preliminary data suggest that, while BMP signaling may be tumor suppressive in stem-like cells, it acts as a tumor promoter in differentiated tumorigenic astrocytes. Compared to controls receiving cells with intact Bmpr1a, mice receiving Bmpr1a-knockout cells showed a significant increase in survival time upon orthotopic injection (21 vs. 52 days, p = 0.001). In vitro, deletion of Bmpr1a in oncogenic astrocytes resulted in decreased proliferation and increased Olig2 expression. Studies to further investigate the role of BMPs in HGG are underway.
Short Stature and the Risk of Adiposity, Insulin Resistance, and Type 2 Diabetes in Middle Age
Authors: Keiko Asao, W.H. Linda Kao, Kesha Baptiste-Roberts, Karen Bandeen-Roche, Thomas P. Erlinger, Frederick L. Brancati
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

OBJECTIVE—To investigate the association between stature-related measurements (height, leg length, and leg length–to–height ratio) and adiposity, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative sample of 7,424 adults aged 40–74 years, from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994). The main outcome measures were percent body fat, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and glucose intolerance based on the World Health Organization’s 1985 criteria for an oral glucose tolerance test. RESULTS—Shorter height and leg length, and lower leg length–to–height ratio, were associated with higher percent body fat, especially in women. Lower leg length–to–height ratio was associated with greater insulin resistance estimated by HOMA-IR. In multinomial regression models adjusting for potential confounders, including percent body fat, the relative prevalence of type 2 diabetes per 1-SD lower values in height, leg length, and leg length–to–height ratio were 1.10 (95% CI 0.94–0.29), 1.17 (0.98–1.39), and 1.19 (1.02–1.39), respectively. CONCLUSIONS—Our study supports the hypothesis that adult markers of prepubertal growth, especially leg length–to–height ratio, are associated with adiposity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes in the general U.S. population.
Bahraini doctors' salaries are axed as they await retrial for crimes against the state
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The 20 healthcare workers accused of crimes against the state during political protests in Bahrain earlier this year have had their salaries stopped without explanation.

The 20, most of whom worked at the Salmaniya medical complex, the main state hospital in the capital, Manama, were all suspended from their jobs after they were accused of committing various crimes when the hospital became a focal point of antigovernment protests in February and March. Most have continued to receive partial salary payments pending the outcome of investigations, but in October all their salaries were stopped.

“We have tried to find out why, but [the health ministry has] not answered,” said Zahra Al Samaak, an …
Peter Rex Greenfield
Authors: F. Greenfield
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Peter Rex Greenfield died on the 30 December 2010, aged 79. He was born in Sheffield on 1 December 1931, the son of Rex and Elsie. He was a devoted family man who had a long and distinguished professional career.

He was educated at Cheltenham College between 1945 and 1950, where in addition to his studies he was a member of the Combined Cadet Force, sang in the choir, and developed his love of music. After leaving Cheltenham he did his national service, gaining a commission in the Royal Signals in 1951 before attending Cambridge University to study natural sciences. Here he became a proficient rower, and represented his college, Pembroke.

Peter completed his medical qualifications at St George’s Hospital, London, in 1957, despite contracting bulbar polio six months before his finals. Sadly the resultant damage to his vocal chords put an end to his singing days, and he was also advised to stop rowing. …
Cardio-renal-endocrine dynamics during stepwise infusion of physiologic and pharmacologic concentrations of atrial natriuretic factor in the dog.
Authors: R S Zimmerman, J A Schirger, B S Edwards, T R Schwab, D M Heublein, J C Burnett
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

Infusion of alpha-human atrial natriuretic factor (alpha-h-ANF) into pentobarbital anesthetized dogs (n = 10) at 0.0025, 0.005, 0.01, and 0.3 micrograms/kg/min was performed to differentiate the physiologic actions of atrial natriuretic factor from its pharmacologic actions. The lowest doses of atrial natriuretic factor infusion resulted in circulating levels that were previously produced by 0-10% saline volume expansion. At the lowest infusion rate, circulating ANF increased 31 +/- 3 pg/ml, resulting in a significant increase in absolute sodium excretion, fractional excretion of sodium, and fractional excretion of lithium, and a significant decrease in urine osmolality. A greater change in circulating atrial natriuretic factor (96 +/- 12 pg/ml) was required to significantly decrease right atrial pressure, cardiac output, and plasma renin activity, and to increase systemic vascular resistance and total and fractional excretion of potassium. The highest dose of atrial natriuretic factor infused was required to decrease arterial pressure and renal vascular resistance. The present study demonstrates that atrial natriuretic factor is natriuretic and diuretic at physiologic concentrations; at low concentrations, atrial natriuretic factor appears to decrease the whole kidney proximal tubular reabsorption of sodium and does not affect glomerular filtration rate; a greater (but physiologic) change in circulating atrial natriuretic factor is required to significantly decrease cardiac output, cardiac filling pressure, and plasma renin activity than is required to significantly increase sodium excretion; and a decrease in systemic arterial pressure and vascular resistance does not occur at physiologic concentrations of atrial natriuretic factor.
Brains evolution and neurolinguistic preconditions
Authors: Wendy K. Wilkins, Jennie Wakefield
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract This target article presents a plausible evolutionary scenario for the emergence of the neural preconditions for language in the hominid lineage. In pleistocene primate lineages there was a paired evolutionary expansion of frontal and parietal neocortex (through certain well-documented adaptive changes associated with manipulative behaviors) resulting, in ancestral hominids, in an incipient Broca's region and in a configurationally unique junction of the parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes of the brain (the POT). On our view, the development of the POT in our ancestors resulted in the neuroanatomical substrate consistent with the ability for representations in modality-neutral association cortex and, as a result of structure-imposing interaction with Broca's area, the hierarchically structured “conceptual structure.” Evidence from paleoneurology and comparative primate neuroanatomy is used to argue that Homo habilis (2.5–2 million years ago) was the first hominid to have the appropriate gross neuroanatomical configuration to support conceptual structure. We thus suggest that the neural preconditions for language are met in H. habilis . Finally, we advocate a theory of language acquisition that uses conceptual structure as input to the learning procedures, thus bridging the gap between it and language.
Observations in Midwifery
Authors: Arthur G. King
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Percival Willughby (1596-1685), in the middle of the 17th century, prepared a set of case histories and instructions for midwives. The manuscript was rescued from oblivion by Henry Blenkinsop in 1863 who privately printed 100 copies, only a few of which are still extant. This delightfully presented reprint, with a "new" introduction by John L. Thornton, gives valuable insight to the practice of obstetrics in the 17th century. A perusal of Willughby's cases gives a startling picture. He tried to popularize podalic version for difficult deliveries, and stressed the forgotten doctrine of<i>ars non vis</i>. The basic principles of the techniques he described are those taught today, even to giving Nature a chance. His phraseology and spelling, of course, are quaint, but who can miss the point of: "God released the woman from the midwife's tortures and both our ignorance, in sending her a gracious delivery after much suffering"?
THE RELATION OF MOSQUITOES AND FLIES TO THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ACUTE POLIOMYELITIS
Authors: Hideyo Noguchi, Rokusaburo Kudo
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1917)

1. Culex pipiens raised from the larval stage in water experimentally contaminated with an abundance of poliomyelitic virus were found to be incapable of causing the infection when allowed in large numbers to bite normal Macacus monkeys. 2. Culex pipiens which were fed on infected poloimyelitic monkeys during different stages of the disease were found to be incapable of transmitting the infection when allowed in large numbers to bite normal Macacus monkeys. A previous disturbance of the meninges by an injection of horse serum into the intrathecal space did not alter the result, which was negative. 3. The offspring of the mosquitoes which were either reared in the infected tanks or fed on infected monkeys were found to be entirely harmless when allowed to feed in large numbers on a normal monkey. There was no hereditary transmission of the virus from one generation to another. 4. No trace of the virus of poliomyelitis was demonstrable in the filtrate of an emulsion of adult flies and pupae of the common housefly and bluebottle fly which were reared in the laboratory on slices, emulsion, or filtrate of monkey brain containing the poliomyelitic virus. The intracerebral injection of the filtrate produced no poliomyelitic infection in the normal monkey.
Vitreomacular Interface in Typical Exudative Age-related Macular Degeneration and Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy
Authors: Yoko Nomura, Takashi Ueta, Aya Iriyama, Yuji Inoue, Ryo Obata, Yasuhiro Tamaki, Takuhiro Yamaguchi, Yasuo Yanagi
Journal: Ophthalmology (2010)
How do people choose their doctor?
Authors: C. J. Salisbury
Journal: BMJ (1989)

The white paper Working for Patients assumes that patients choose general practitioners on the basis of the service that they provide and that increased competition among doctors will raise standards. To investigate these assumptions a postal questionnaire survey was carried out of 447 people who had recently registered with a new general practitioner. The results disclosed a remarkable lack of consumerist behaviour. Most people registered with their nearest doctor, and many did not register until they were already ill. Many people knew nothing about their new practice but seemed unworried by this and showed little inclination to seek information. These findings suggest that competition among general practitioners is unlikely in itself to raise standards of care.
Chemical Regulation of Ventilation: Who Needs It?
Authors: John W. Severinghaus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1976)

A group of respiratory physiologists and internists at the University of Colorado Medical School have extensively explored abnormal human and animal ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia, particularly in relation to altitude and lung disease.1 , 2 In this issue of the Journal (p. 861) Moore et al. report on a 10-year-old, bright, athletic but obese boy with normal lungs who shows no definite ventilatory response to either hypoxia or hypercapnia, but who maintains a carbon dioxide tension of about 47 mm Hg (normal about 36 mm Hg in Denver). He was not somnolent, unimproved by weight reduction and hence not Pickwickian. . . .
Lipoproteins, lipid peroxides, and soluble selectin in patients undergoing redo coronary artery bypass surgery
Authors: Ion S. Jovin, Uwe Taborski, Angelika Jovin, Markus Schönburg, Wolfgang W. Ricken, Karin Schreiner, Ursula Kupfermann, Klaus Winckler, Wolf-Peter Klövekorn, Gert Müller-Berghaus
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Birth Control among the Unmarried in Massachusetts: The Supreme Court Speaks in Varied Tongues
Authors: William J. Curran
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1972)

The commands of the Constitution cannot fluctuate with the shifting tides of scientific opinion. [Justice White]The teachings of Baird and those of Galileo might be of a different order; but the suppression of either is equally repugnant. [Justice Douglas]I am constrained to suggest that if the Constitution can be strained to invalidate the Massachusetts statute..., we could quite as well employ it for the protection of a "curbstone quack" reminiscent of the "medicine man" of times past, who attracted a crowd of the curious with a soapbox lecture and then plied them with "free samples" of some unproven . . .
Biomaterials‐Based Electronics: Polymers and Interfaces for Biology and Medicine
Authors: Meredith Muskovich, Christopher J. Bettinger
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2012)

Advanced polymeric biomaterials continue to serve as a cornerstone for new medical technologies and therapies. The vast majority of these materials, both natural and synthetic, interact with biological matter in the absence of direct electronic communication. However, biological systems have evolved to synthesize and utilize naturally-derived materials for the generation and modulation of electrical potentials, voltage gradients, and ion flows. Bioelectric phenomena can be translated into potent signaling cues for intra- and inter-cellular communication. These cues can serve as a gateway to link synthetic devices with biological systems. This progress report will provide an update on advances in the application of electronically active biomaterials for use in organic electronics and bio-interfaces. Specific focus will be granted to covering technologies where natural and synthetic biological materials serve as integral components such as thin film electronics, in vitro cell culture models, and implantable medical devices. Future perspectives and emerging challenges will also be highlighted.