tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Osteointegration of bioactive glass-coated zirconia in healthy bone: an in vivo evaluation
Authors: V Stanic, N Nicoli Aldini, M Fini, G Giavaresi, R Giardino, A Krajewski, A Ravaglioli, M Mazzocchi, B Dubini, M.G Ponzi Bossi, F Rustichelli
Journal: Biomaterials (2002)
Diarrhoea and Light Therapy in Neonates
Authors: G. Griffith, A. Morris, R. Pritchard
Journal: BMJ (1970)

therapy the authors applied the three con- ventional criteria of normality in the synthetic corticotrophin test.These criteria are: (1) a baseline plasma cortisol of more than 5,ug./ 100 ml.which should (2) rise by at least 8
"THE EFFECT OF PERTUSSIS ON THE HEART"
Authors: Ernst P. Boas
Journal: JAMA (1925)

To the Editor:  —In their paper on The Effect of Pertussis on the Heart (The Journal, April 4), Drs. Ledbetter and White state that the heart in whooping cough has never been carefully studied. They quote from many textbooks, but have apparently overlooked some of the original literature.  In 1913, Dr. Mera Brick published an article ( Virchow's Arch. f. path. Anat . 212 :404) reporting necropsy findings in fourteen cases of pertussis. In every instance, changes in the right ventricle were found, usually in the form of an eccentric hypertrophy, more rarely as a simple hypertrophy and dilatation. In most cases hypertrophy of the muscle fibers was demonstrated microscopically. Fatty infiltration of the heart muscle, particularly on the right side, and dilatation of the right auricle were also demonstrated. A good bibliography is appended to the article. It is clear that these changes in the heart will, in most instances, be
Indoor Tanning and Tanning Dependence in Young People After a Diagnosis of Basal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Brenda Cartmel, Leah M. Ferrucci, Peter Spain, Allen E. Bale, Sherry L. Pagoto, David J. Leffell, Joel Gelernter, Susan T. Mayne
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Individuals who have had basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are at high risk of subsequent BCCs and melanoma.1 Indoor tanning is an established risk factor for BCC, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma.2 As such, continuing to tan indoors after a BCC diagnosis may elevate one’s risk for future skin cancers. Skin cancer survivors have sun protection behaviors that are similar to those of the general population,3 but little is known about their indoor tanning behavior. Notably, research suggests some individuals develop tanning dependence, analogous to substance dependence,4 which could be related to continued indoor tanning. To understand better the patterns of and reasons for indoor tanning after BCC diagnosis, we assessed indoor tanning and symptoms of tanning dependence in people who had at least one BCC before age 40.
Plasma concentrations of tryptophan and dieting.
Authors: G M Goodwin, P J Cowen, C G Fairburn, M Parry-Billings, P C Calder, E A Newsholme
Journal: BMJ (1990)

aeroplanes is 75 kPa, so that the arterial oxygen pressure i normal people is about 7-3 kPa.The condition of patients who already have hypoxia may deteriorate further during a flight if they are not given added oxygen.For these reasons patients with high spinal injuries are at risk during journeys by aeroplane.We make the following recommendations for such patients:(1) Lung function should be adequate and stable before transfer.(2) Humidification of inspired air should be adequate before and during transport, particularly for patients with an endotracheal tube or tracheostomy.If secretions are sticky 2 ml of warm saline can be passed down the endotracheal tube or tracheostomy tube at frequent intervals.(3) Supplemental oxygen should be available.(4) Patients should be accompanied by someone trained in manouevres to clear secretions from patients with spinal ijuries4 and prepared to perform tracheal suction frequently.(5) Intravenous atropine should be available.Tracheal suction in patients with high spinal injuries may precipitate life threatening bradycardia.'The incidence of such bradycardia is reduced by preoxygenation before suction and the skilful use ofthe suction catheter.If appreciable bradycardia develops intravenous atropine should be given.Patients prone to serious bradycardias may be treated with an oral adrenal agonist such as orciprenaline before the flight.We believe that if these recommendations are adopted patients with high spinal injury may be transported by air more safely.1
Stimulation of skin sympathetic nerve discharge by central command. Differential control of sympathetic outflow to skin and skeletal muscle during static exercise.
Authors: S F Vissing, U Scherrer, R G Victor
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Microneurographic measurements of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) have suggested that, during static exercise, central command is much less important than skeletal muscle afferents in causing sympathetic neural activation. The possibility remains, however, that the sympathetic discharge produced by central command is targeted mainly to tissues other than skeletal muscle. To examine this possibility, we recorded SNA with microelectrodes placed selectively in skin, as well as in muscle, nerve fascicles of the peroneal nerve during static handgrip maneuvers designed to separate the effects of central command from those of muscle afferents. To study the relative effects of cutaneous sympathetic activation on sudomotor versus vasomotor function, we simultaneously estimated changes in skin blood flow (laser Doppler velocimetry) and in sudomotor (electrodermal) activation in the region of skin innervated by the impaled nerve fascicle. Two minutes of static handgrip at 10%, 20%, and 30% of maximal voluntary contraction caused large and intensity-dependent increases in skin SNA. These increases in SNA immediately preceded the onset of muscle tension, accelerated progressively during sustained handgrip, and resolved promptly with the cessation of motor effort. The handgrip-induced increases in skin SNA were not maintained when handgrip was followed by arrest of the forearm circulation, a maneuver that maintains the stimulation of chemically sensitive muscle afferents while eliminating the influences of central command and mechanically sensitive muscle afferents. During normothermia, static handgrip at 30% maximal voluntary contraction caused sustained increases in skin SNA (+400 +/- 83%, mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.05) and in electrodermal activity (+276 +/- 56%, p less than 0.05) but only transient increases in estimated skin vascular resistance (+11 +/- 2%, p less than 0.05). When skin temperature was increased or decreased to a new stable baseline level, subsequent increases in skin SNA during handgrip were accompanied by sustained but directionally opposite changes in estimated skin vascular resistance, with exercise-induced vasodilation during hyperthermia but exercise-induced vasoconstriction during hypothermia. From these observations, we conclude the following: 1) static exercise markedly increases sympathetic outflow to skin as well as to skeletal muscle; 2) the increases in skin SNA, unlike muscle SNA, appear to be caused mainly by central command rather than by muscle afferent reflexes; and 3) this cutaneous sympathetic activation appears to be targeted both to sweat glands and to vascular smooth muscle, with the relative targeting being temperature dependent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Research and development in drug innovation: reflections from the 2013 bioeconomy conference in China, lessons learned and future perspectives
Authors: Changxiao Liu, Panayiotis P. Constantinides, Yazhuo Li
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2014)

The enormous progress biotechnology, bioinformatics and nanotechnology made in recent years provides opportunities and scientific framework for development of biomedicine and constitutes a paradigm shift in pharmaceutical R&D and drug innovation. By analyzing the data and related information at R&D level over the past decades, developmental tendency and R&D patterns were summarized. We found that a growing number of biologics in the pipeline of pharma companies with successful products already in the market though, small molecular entities have primarily dominated drug innovation. Additionally, small/medium size companies will continue to play a key role in the development of small molecule drugs and biologics in a multi-channel integrated process. More importantly, modern and effective R&D strategies in biomedicine development to predict and evaluate efficacy and/or safety of 21st century therapeutics are urgently needed. To face new challenges, developmental strategies were proposed, in terms of molecular targeted medicine, generic drugs, new drug delivery system and protein-based drugs. Under the current circumstances, interdisciplinary cooperation mode and policy related to drug innovation in China were deeply discussed as well.
Simulating DNA Coding Sequence Evolution with EvolveAGene 3
Authors: B. G. Hall
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

Phylogenetic reconstruction based upon multiple alignments of molecular sequences is important to most branches of modern biology and is central to molecular evolution. Understanding the historical relationships among macromolecules depends upon computer programs that implement a variety of analytical methods. Because it is impossible to know those historical relationships with certainty, assessment of the accuracy of methods and the programs that implement them requires the use of programs that realistically simulate the evolution of DNA sequences. EvolveAGene 3 is a realistic coding sequence simulation program that separates mutation from selection and allows the user to set selection conditions, including variable regions of selection intensity within the sequence and variation in intensity of selection over branches. Variation includes base substitutions, insertions, and deletions. To the best of my knowledge, it is the only program available that simulates the evolution of intact coding sequences. Output includes the true tree and true alignments of the resulting coding sequence and corresponding protein sequences. A log file reports the frequencies of each kind of base substitution, the ratio of transition to transversion substitutions, the ratio of indel to base substitution mutations, and the numbers of silent and amino acid replacement mutations. The realism of the data sets has been assessed by comparing the dN/dS ratio, the ratio of transition to transversion substitutions, and the ratio of indel to base substitution mutations of the simulated data sets with those parameters of real data sets from the "gold standard" BaliBase collection of structural alignments. Results show that the data sets produced by EvolveAGene 3 are very similar to real data sets, and EvolveAGene 3 is therefore a realistic simulation program that can be used to evaluate a variety of programs and methods in molecular evolution.
Primary in vitro cytotoxic T cell response to non-major histocompatibility complex alloantigens in normal mice.
Authors: S Macphail, I Yron, O Stutman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1982)

We have shown for the first time that it is possible to consistently generate a primary in vitro cytotoxic T cell (Tc) response to non-major histocompatibility complex alloantigens using responder cells from a normal mouse strain. This was achieved by carrying out, in the generating phase, a limiting dilution procedure in which it appears that suppressor cells that inhibit Tc activation or expansion are too dilute to manifest their effect. Moreover, the response was observed in mouse serum-(MS) as well as fetal calf serum- (FCS) supplemented media, an important finding in the light of the anomalous nonspecific effects induced by FCS. The cytotoxic response produced in MS-supplemented media was shown to be highly specific in both the generating and effector phases, whereas the responses in FCS had a strong nonspecific component.
Abstract 19767: Haploinsufficient Rho Kinase 1 (ROCK1) Mice Are Protected From Diabetes-induced Vascular Dysfunction Through Decreased Arginase Activation
Authors: Lin Yao, Surabhi Chandra, Haroldo A Toque, Anil Bhatta, Robert W Caldwell
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Increased arginase activity and expression have been associated with various cardiovascular diseases. Arginase competes with nitric oxide synthase for their common substrate, L-arginine. Thus, nitric oxide production can be restricted in conditions of elevated arginase activity leading to vascular dysfunction. We have previously reported that the small GTPase, RhoA and Rho kinase (ROCK) are involved with activation of arginase in diabetes. Also, we showed that oxidative radicals increase arginase activity/expression via RhoA/ROCK pathways in endothelial cells. In this study, we hypothesized whether partial knockdown of ROCK-1 prevents vascular endothelial dysfunction by reducing arginase activity/expression in a streptozotocin diabetic model. We tested this concept using wild type (WT) and haploinsufficient ROCK1 (ROCK1+/−) mice. Vascular function was assessed in aortic segments from wild type (WT), wild type diabetic (WT-D), ROCK1+/− (R1) and ROCK1+/− diabetic (R1-D) mice (N = 4–6). Our studies show that WT-D mice exhibit a marked reduction of maximum endothelium-dependent relaxation (MER) to acetylcholine (ACh) (48.4±2.1%, p
Effects of Estrogens on Sleep and Psychological State of Hypogonadal Women
Authors: Isaac Schiff
Journal: JAMA (1979)

A double-lind crossover study involving 16 hypogonadal women compared the effects of placebo and conjugated estrogens, 0.625 mg daily, on gonadotropin levels, symptoms, sleep patterns, and psychological state. After one month, serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone fell 31%, and levels of luteinizing hormone, 19%; the number of vasomotor flushes also decreased. The administration of estrogens was also associated with a shorter mean sleep latency, a longer period of rapid eye movement sleep, and a positive correlation between psychological intactness (as clinically ranked) and latency to sleep onset. Psychological testing, including the Clyde Mood Scale, and the Gottschalk-Gleser Test indicated that estrogens caused this group to be less outwardly aggressive but more inwardly hostile.
Ultrafast Action Potentials Mediate Kilohertz Signaling at a Central Synapse
Authors: Andreas Ritzau-Jost, Igor Delvendahl, Annika Rings, Niklas Byczkowicz, Harumi Harada, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Johannes Hirrlinger, Jens Eilers, Stefan Hallermann
Journal: Neuron (2014)
Alterations in sensitivity to calcium and enzymatic hydrolysis of membranes from sickle cell disease and trait erythrocytes
Authors: Allan M. Judd, Katrina B. Best, Kathrine Christensen, George M. Rodgers, John D. Bell
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

Abstract Normally, human erythrocytes display several responses to elevated intracellular calcium levels. These include a shape transition from discocyte to spherocyte, shedding of microvesicles into the extracellular fluid, and enhanced susceptibility to the hydrolytic action of secretory phospholipase A 2 . These responses to elevated intracellular calcium were all blunted in erythrocytes containing hemoglobin S. The reduction of both the shape transition and the shedding of microvesicles were greater than the impairment of phospholipase susceptibility, and both correlated strongly with the intracellular content of hemoglobin S. In contrast to the response to elevated intracellular calcium, erythrocytes containing hemoglobin S displayed a 2.5‐fold increase in basal susceptibility to phospholipase A 2 compared to control erythrocytes in the absence of ionophore. The effect was more prominent among samples from patients heterozygous for hemoglobin S than in samples from homozygous individuals. These results reveal additional abnormalities in the membranes of sickle cell erythrocytes beyond those described previously and demonstrate that red blood cells from both heterozygous and homozygous are affected. Furthermore, they suggest a possible means by which sickle cell disease and trait patients may display enhanced vulnerability to inflammatory stimuli. Am. J. Hematol. 72:162–169, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MALARIA TREATMENT OF PARESIS
Authors: M. K. Amdur
Journal: JAMA (1925)

To  Editor:  —In  interesting report by Dr. Watson W. Eldridge and others on  treatment of paresis (The Journal, April 11, p. 1097),  authors state that they injected  blood from  donor patient into  subscapular connective tissue. In Wagner-Jauregg's clinic  blood is injected intramuscularly, subcutaneously, intracutaneously and extracutaneously, thus imitating  movements of  anopheles mosquito. This is accomplished by injecting  needle deep in  muscles and withdrawing it slowly after each evacuation until there are left fifteen or twenty drops, which are injected on  skin by scarification. According to  authors' report, the inoculation failed in ten cases out of sixty-eight. Perhaps by using Wagner-Jauregg's method,  inoculations could be more successful.  Without doubt there are some persons who are immune to malaria; but often this failure is due to faulty technic. I would suggest that, if a properly made first
Hypothyroidism as a Late Sequela in Patients with Graves' Disease Treated with Antithyroid Agents
Authors: Lawrence C. Wood, Sidney H. Ingbar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

In 1971, thyroid function was evaluated in 15 unselected patients whose only therapy for diffuse toxic goiter was a course of thionamide drug treatment completed 20-27 yr earlier. One patient was frankly hypothyroid by clinical and laboratory criteria. The remaining 14 patients appeared clinically euthyroid and had a normal serum thyroxine (T4) concentration and thyroid radioiodine uptake (RAIU). Nevertheless, only 6 of 14 appeared to be entirely normal according to more refined criteria. The serum thyrotropin (TSH) concentration was markedly elevated in one patient and above the normal range (1.6±2.0; mean±2 SD) in five others. Thyroid stimulation with exogenous TSH revealed subnormal responses of the serum T4I, RAIU, or both, in 7 of 11 patients tested. An abnormal iodideperchlorate discharge test was found in 5 of 10 patients and appeared most abnormal in patients with abnormal RAIU responses to TSH. Fluorescent antimicrosomal antibody was found in the serum of 12 of the 15 patients, in contrast to an expected frequency of 7% in normal individuals of the same age.
Cost effectiveness of strategies to combat breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer in sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia: mathematical modelling study
Authors: G. M. Ginsberg, J. A. Lauer, S. Zelle, S. Baeten, R. Baltussen
Journal: BMJ (2012)

To determine the costs and health effects of interventions to combat breast, cervical, and colorectal cancers in order to guide resource allocation decisions in developing countries.Two World Health Organization sub-regions of the world: countries in sub-Saharan Africa with very high adult and high child mortality (AfrE); and countries in South East Asia with high adult and high child mortality (SearD).Cost effectiveness analysis of prevention and treatment strategies for breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer, using mathematical modelling based on a lifetime population model.Demographic and epidemiological data were taken from the WHO mortality and global burden of disease databases. Estimates of intervention coverage, effectiveness, and resource needs were based on clinical trials, treatment guidelines, and expert opinion. Unit costs were taken from the WHO-CHOICE price database.Cost per disability adjusted life year (DALY) averted, expressed in international dollars ($Int) for the year 2005.In both regions certain interventions in cervical cancer control (screening through cervical smear tests or visual inspection with acetic acid in combination with treatment) and colorectal cancer control (increasing the coverage of treatment interventions) cost <$Int2000 per DALY averted and can be considered highly cost effective. In the sub-Saharan African region screening for colorectal cancer (by colonoscopy at age 50 in combination with treatment) costs $Int2000-6000 per DALY averted and can be considered cost effective. In both regions certain interventions in breast cancer control (treatment of all cancer stages in combination with mammography screening) cost $Int2000-6000 per DALY averted and can also be considered cost effective. Other interventions, such as campaigns to eat more fruit and vegetable or subsidies in colorectal cancer control, are not cost effective according to the criteria defined.Highly cost effective interventions to combat cervical and colorectal cancer are available in the African and Asian sub-regions. In cervical cancer control, these include screening through smear tests or visual inspection in combination with treatment. In colorectal cancer, increasing treatment coverage is highly cost effective (screening through colonoscopy is cost effective in the African sub-region). In breast cancer control, mammography screening in combination with treatment of all stages is cost effective.
Goiter in Gandhara
Authors: Mahendra P. Patel
Journal: JAMA (1965)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The special contribution by Blumberg on goiter in Gandhara was a very stimulating piece of reading. The descriptions and comments are scholastic. But having been brought up and trained in India, I have the following comments to make. The neck swelling is not on the drum bearer but is on the figure to his left. In other words, the drum is being carried by the figure on the goitrous figure's right. This I can say, as I know the manner in which the drum is held in India. The drum is placed in the left hand, and the right hand is used for beating. The goitrous figure has both hands free, and there is nothing to hold the drum on his back. The necklace may have been mistaken for a rope holding the drum. Next, the drum is held directly adjacent to the goitrous figure, which leads
ANTIGENIC PROPERTIES OF NATIVE AND REGENERATED HORSE SERUM ALBUMIN
Authors: John O. Erickson, Hans Neurath
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1943)

Comparative immunological measurements have been carried out on crystalline horse serum albumin in the native state and after regeneration from 8 M urea solutions. The mean antigenic activity of the regenerated protein has been found to be less than 10 per cent of that of the native, whereas both antigens proved to be immunologically equivalent. The problem of the relation between protein denaturation and immunological activity has been considered and discussed on the basis of known physical and chemical differences between native and denatured protein.