tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Catching Whitebait at Nakaumi, Izumo Province (Nakaumi Shira-uo Tori)
Authors: Janet M. Torpy
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A novel role for the Fc receptor gamma subunit: enhancement of Fc gamma R ligand affinity.
Authors: K L Miller, A M Duchemin, C L Anderson
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1996)

The Fc receptors (FcR), which belong to the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, bind to specific Ig isotypes with varying affinities triggering complex immune defense responses. Several of the FcR that lack signaling motifs in their cytoplasmic domains rely on associated subunits to transmit signals. Two classes of FcR that bind the Fc portion of IgG, Fc gamma RI, and Fc gamma RIIIa associate with a subunit shared among several FcR, the gamma chain, which is involved in receptor expression and signal transduction. In this report, we propose that a novel role for gamma chain is to enhance the affinity of Fc gamma R for ligand. Our findings demonstrate that Fc gamma RI requires gamma -chain association to attain high affinity binding for monomeric IgG, and suggest that the intermediate binding affinity of the Fc gamma RIIIa isoform results from its association with gamma chain. The affinity increase conferred by gamma chain appears to be mediated through the transmembrane domain of the Fc gamma R, with no requirement for the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor.
Play, dreams, and simulation
Authors: J. A. Cheyne
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2000)

Threat themes are clearly over-represented in dreams. Threat is, however, not the only theme with potential evolutionary significance. Even for hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations during sleep paralysis, for which threat themes are far commoner than for ordinary dreaming, consistent non-threat themes have been reported. Revonsuo's simulation hypothesis represents an encouraging initiative to develop an evolutionary functional approach to dream-related experiences but it could be broadened to include evolutionarily relevant themes beyond threat. It is also suggested that Revonsuo's evolutionary re-interpretation of dreams might profitably be compared to arguments for, and models of, evolutionary functions of play. [Revonsuo]
Surrounding Greenness and Pregnancy Outcomes in Four Spanish Birth Cohorts
Authors: Payam Dadvand, Jordi Sunyer, Xavier Basagaña, Ferran Ballester, Aitana Lertxundi, Ana Fernández-Somoano, Marisa Estarlich, Raquel García-Esteban, Michelle A. Mendez, Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Background: Green spaces have been associated with improved physical and mental health; however, the available evidence on the impact of green spaces on pregnancy is scarce.Objectives: We investigated the association between surrounding greenness and birth weight, head circumference, and gestational age at delivery.Methods: This study was based on 2,393 singleton live births from four Spanish birth cohorts (Asturias, Gipuzkoa, Sabadell, and Valencia) located in two regions of the Iberian Peninsula with distinct climates and vegetation patterns (2003–2008). We defined surrounding greenness as average of satellite-based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) (Landsat 4–5 TM data at 30 m × 30 m resolution) during 2007 in buffers of 100 m, 250 m, and 500 m around each maternal place of residence. Separate linear mixed models with adjustment for potential confounders and a random cohort effect were used to estimate the change in birth weight, head circumference, and gestational age for 1-interquartile range increase in surrounding greenness.Results: Higher surrounding greenness was associated with increases in birth weight and head circumference [adjusted regression coefficients (95% confidence interval) of 44.2 g (20.2 g, 68.2 g) and 1.7 mm (0.5 mm, 2.9 mm) for an interquartile range increase in average NDVI within a 500-m buffer] but not gestational age. These findings were robust against the choice of the buffer size and the season of data acquisition for surrounding greenness, and when the analysis was limited to term births. Stratified analyses indicated stronger associations among children of mothers with lower education, suggesting greater benefits from surrounding greenness.Conclusions: Our findings suggest a beneficial impact of surrounding greenness on measures of fetal growth but not pregnancy length.
Road RAGE?: The Role of Diesel Particulate Matter in Lung Inflammation
Authors: Kellyn S. Betts
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2011)

The Role of Diesel Particulate Matter in Lung InflammationDiesel particulate matter (DPM) is a nearly ubiquitous environmental pollutant.It is known to be inflammatory and is linked to a plethora of health effects including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis.New research sheds light on which components of DPM are harmful to the lung and what mechanisms they trigger [EHP 119(3):332-336; Reynolds et al.].The authors focused on receptors for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE), cell-surface proteins expressed in many cell types.Previous research performed in the same laboratory documented that RAGE can be activated in response to cellular stress resulting from exposure to particles in cigarette smoke.The authors hypothesized that exposure to DPM generated by fuel combustion could induce RAGE in the epithelial cells lining the lungs.The team studied effects of DPM exposure in human primary pulmonary epithelial cells and R3/1 cells, an immortalized aveolar type 1 cell line derived from rats.They found that the quantities of RAGE messenger RNA and protein increased by approximately 100% in both cell types after exposure to DPM for 2 hours, compared with controls.By demonstrating that RAGE is indeed upregulated following exposure to DPM, the authors identified a surface signaling mechanism involved in inflammatory responses triggered by DPM exposure.From there, the scientists identified some of the downstream signaling effects associated with RAGE upregulation.Their gene reporter experiments showed DPM exposure caused significant translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), a potent proinflammatory mediator, into the nucleus of R3/1 cells, where it can promote the expression of more than 200 genes.Through experiments involving the inhibition of RAGE with small interfering RNA (siRNA), the team confirmed that DPM-induced NF-κB activation is mediated in part by RAGE expression.The scientists also documented that exposure to DPM increased the synthesis and secretion of two NF-κB targets (IL-8, a chemokine, and MCP-1, a cytokine) by the R/31 cells.These molecules were secreted to a lesser extent, but were not completely inhibited, in cells transfected with siRNA for RAGE prior to DPM exposure, which suggests other factors and pathways also are involved in inflammatory responses to DPM.The new research is also significant for contradicting conventional wisdom that only "fresh" DPM is biologically active.The work suggests that even "aged" DPM that has been suspended in the atmosphere for more than a decade is capable of biological activity, which has important public health implications given the abundance of this pollutant in the atmosphere.Kellyn S. Betts has written about environmental contaminants, hazards, and technology for solving environmental problems for publications including EHP and Environmental Science & Technology for more than a dozen years.
Monoclonal anti-Lyt-2.2 antibody blocks lectin-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of H-2-negative target cells.
Authors: T Hünig
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1984)

The hypothesis that blocking of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated cytolysis with anti-Lyt-2 antibodies acts at the level of inhibiting the interaction of the Lyt-2-bearing structure with H-2 class I molecules was tested. In agreement with the findings of others, purified anti-Lyt-2.2 inhibited both antigen-specific lysis and lectin-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (LDCC). LDCC of H-2-positive and H-2-negative target cells was similarly inhibited by this antibody. As expected, this effect was specific for CTL expressing the Lyt-2.2 allele, in contrast to blocking with a rat monoclonal antibody to the murine LFA-1 antigen. The implications of this finding for the function of the Lyt-2 antigen in CTL-target cell interaction are discussed.
New Respiratory Virus
Authors: Joan Stephenson
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Public and the Emerging Debate over National Health Insurance
Authors: Robert J. Blendon, Karen Donelan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

Opinion surveys conducted this year indicate that nearly three of four Americans (72 to 73 percent) favor some form of a national health care program.1 , 2 In fact, as Figure 1 shows, support for one type of proposal — a plan financed entirely by government — is now at the highest point since World War II.3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 The public's enthusiasm for such a program now approximates the level of support for Medicare in the year before its enactment.11 Nevertheless, a closer examination of the survey results reveals that the public holds a number of apparently conflicting views about the preferred design of a national . . .
The Adrenal Gland
Authors: Frederick G. Berlinger
Journal: JAMA (1989)

This brand new textbook attempts to cover the entire field of adrenal gland diseases, including basic steroid biochemistry and physiology, in about 500 pages. In the book's introduction, the author, C. R. Kannan, explains that his main goal is to review vast amounts of adrenal literature and summarize all the material he thinks will be relevant to the practicing clinician. The author has met a herculean challenge to explain adrenal biochemistry, physiology, pathology, and therapeutics for both the clinical endocrinologist and primary practitioner. He further attempts to cull significant data involving the basic science and clinical research aspects of "adrenology," and he makes the facts both interesting and relevant to the practice of nonspecialty clinical medicine. In achieving these ends he succeeds admirably. While it must be said that only an endocrinologist could love steroid biochemistry, this basic science is covered in a painless fashion with minimal illustrations of steroid
1007. Development of Nuclear Targeting System of Plasmid DNA; Impact of Sugar Display on the Surface of Lipid Envelope
Authors: Tomoya Masuda, Hidetaka Akita, Takashi Nishio, Kenichi Niikura, Asako Kudo, Kentaro Kogure, Akitada Iwasa, Kuniharu Ijiro, Hideyoshi Harashima
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Top of pageAbstract
[Objective]

To develop a non-viral gene vector successfully, highly efficient nuclear delivery system of plasmid DNA (pDNA) is essential. In the present study, we developed a nuclear delivery system based on the novel concept of |[ldquo]|degradable particle on the nuclear membrane|[rdquo]|, which mimic the mechanism of nuclear entry of adenovirus by means of multifunctional envelope-type nano device (MEND). In this system, pDNA was condensed with polycation, followed by encapsulation with lipid membrane. Devices for the nuclear targeting were modified on the surface of lipid envelope. After the particle binds to the nuclear pore complex (NPC), lipid envelope was drawn into the nucleus with condensed pDNA particle. As a device for nuclear targeting, various sugars were modified.

[Methods]

To modify the sugars on the surface of the lipid envelope, sugars were conjugated with cholesterol, which enables it to insert in the lipid layer. To enhance a cellular uptake via macropinocytosis, which is advantageous to avoid a lysosomal degradation, stearylated octaarginine (STR-R8) was further modified on the envelope. We evaluated transfection activities of sugar chain modified MEND in HeLa cells which is synchronized in G1 phase by hydroxyurea. As a control, sugar-conjugated cholesterol was replaced with unconjugated cholesterol.

[Results]

Sugar modified MEND showed drastically higher transfection activity compared with sugar-unmodified MEND in dividing cells. Moreover, in synchronized cells, transfection activity of sugar- unmodified MEND was prominently decreased. Even this condition, high transfection activity was also observed with sugar-modified MEND. These results suggested that sugar chain improved the nuclear transfer of pDNA. Optimum density of sugar on the MEND was depended on the type of sugar. Furthermore it was demonstrated that trans-gene expression was decreased when lipid envelope was stabilized by increasing the cholesterol content. Therefore, destabilization of lipid envelope on the nuclear membrane was closely related to the transfection activity.

[Conclusion]

Collectively, we succeeded in developing the novel system for the nuclear delivery of pDNA with MEND by optimizing the density of sugar and the stability of lipid envelope.
Abdominal Binding During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Man
Authors: Nisha Chandra, Louis D. Snyder, Myron L. Weisfeldt
Journal: JAMA (1981)

Prior studies in dogs have shown improved blood pressure (BP) and carotid flow with abdominal binding during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). We assessed the effect of abdominal binding at pressures of 60 to 110 cm H2O during CPR in ten patients experiencing cardiac arrest. Abdominal binding for brief periods (30 to 60 s) raised mean arterial pressure from 53.9 +/- 7.1 mm Hg before binding to 67.2 +/- 8.4 mm Hg after binding. In six patients studied who had abdominal binding performed for four minutes, this beneficial effect was still apparent at the end of the time period. No abdominal visceral injury was found in six patients at autopsy. Thus, abdominal binding is an effective yet simple technique for increasing BP during CPR in man with considerable field use potential.
Hepatitis E in Patients With Chronic Autoimmune Liver Disease
Authors: Staffan P. E. Sylvan
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In industrialized countries, it is generally believed that only international travelers face the threat of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection.<sup>1</sup>Recently, Kuwada et al reported that three patients with fulminant hepatitis, all with features of autoimmune hepatitis, had raised IgG anti-HEV antibody titers.<sup>2</sup>However, in the 6 months before their hospital admission, none of these patients had traveled to a region of the world where HEV was endemic. This finding prompted us to investigate the presence of HEV antibodies in serum samples from 13 patients with autoimmune—chronic autoimmune hepatitis (AI-CAH) (all positive for antinuclear or anti—smooth muscle antibodies), nine patients with cryptogenic hepatitis (seronegative autoimmune hepatitis), and three patients with primary biliary cirrhosis who were all positive for antimitochondrial antibodies. Serological test results for ongoing or past infection with hepatitis A, B, C, or D virus were negative in all patients. To detect anti-HEV IgG,
Indocyanine-green videoangiography of drusen as a possible predictive indicator of exudative maculopathy
Authors: Prut Hanutsaha, David R Guyer, Lawrence A Yannuzzi, Andrew Naing, Jason S Slakter, John S Sorenson, Richard F Spaide, K.Bailey Freund, Matt Feinsod, Dennis A Orlock
Journal: Ophthalmology (1998)

Recent studies have shown that indocyanine-green videoangiography (ICG-V) is useful to image occult choroidal neovascularization. The authors studied the ICG-V findings in fellow drusen eyes of patients with unilateral exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The authors also studied the occurrence of exudative changes to determine whether ICG-V is useful in predicting future exudative changes in these eyes with only drusen.Cohort study.The authors studied 432 consecutive patients diagnosed with unilateral exudative AMD in whom the fellow eye had only drusen by clinical fundus examination and fluorescein angiography. All of these eyes had ICG-V performed. Follow-up data were obtained in all eyes with abnormal indocyanine-green (ICG) angiograms and randomly sampled ICG angiograms of normal eyes.The initial ICG findings were classified as showing normal or abnormal hyperfluorescence. Abnormal hyperfluorescence eyes were subdivided into focal spots (focal areas of hyperfluorescence < 1 disc area in size) and plaques (areas of hyperfluorescence > 1 disc area). The development of exudative changes in eyes with normal and abnormal hyperfluorescence was compared.Of the 432 fellow eyes, 386 (89%) eyes with drusen had a normal ICG-V study, whereas 46 (10 focal spots and 36 plaques) (11%) eyes had an abnormal ICG-V. Exudative changes occurred in 6 (10%) of 58 normal ICG eyes and 9 (24%) of 38 eyes with abnormal ICG findings during a mean follow-up period of 21.7 months. The difference between drusen eyes with normal ICG angiograms and those with plaques on ICG-V regarding future exudative changes (10% vs. 27%, respectively) was statistically significant (P = 0.038).Abnormal ICG findings were found in 11% of eyes with clinically and fluorescein angiographically nonsuspicious drusen. The subgroup of patients with plaques on ICG-V had a higher chance of having exudative changes develop. Indocyanine-green videoangiography may be a predictive indicator of future exudative changes in eyes with drusen. A much larger prospective study seems justified.
VCP Is Essential for Mitochondrial Quality Control by PINK1/Parkin and this Function Is Impaired by VCP Mutations
Authors: Nam Chul Kim, Emilie Tresse, Regina-Maria Kolaitis, Amandine Molliex, Ruth E. Thomas, Nael H. Alami, Bo Wang, Aashish Joshi, Rebecca B. Smith, Gillian P. Ritson, Brett J. Winborn, Jennifer Moore, Joo-Yong Lee, Tso-Pang Yao, Leo Pallanck, Mondira Kundu, J. Paul Taylor
Journal: Neuron (2013)
Seroconversion After Hepatitis B Vaccination
Authors: Max A. Chernesky, James B. Mahony, Iain O. Stewart, Barbara J. Brown
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1986)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1986Seroconversion After Hepatitis B VaccinationMAX A. CHERNESKY, Ph.D., JAMES B. MAHONY, Ph.D., IAIN O. STEWART, M.B., Ch.B., F.R.C.P.(C), BARBARA J. BROWN, R.N.MAX A. CHERNESKY, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, JAMES B. MAHONY, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, IAIN O. STEWART, M.B., Ch.B., F.R.C.P.(C)Search for more papers by this author, BARBARA J. BROWN, R.N.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-105-2-293_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Hepatitis B vaccine (Heptavax B, Merck, Sharp & Dohme, West Point, Pennsylvania) was licensed in 1981, and early studies reported seroconversion rates over 90% after administration of three intramuscular doses. More recent studies have reported poor seroconversion rates, ranging from 60.6% to 74% (1-4). The vaccine manufacturer and the Centers for Disease Control have gathered data to show differences in seroconversion rates according to the site of injection (5). Among hospitals that reported suboptimal responses, the pooled response rate was 88% for those using arm injection and 73% for those giving injections in the buttock.Since initiating...References1. SCHAFFLENDERSNEDEKERGRAHAM DMPL. Hepatitis B vaccine in a hospital [Letter]. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101:720-1. LinkGoogle Scholar2. STRICKLERKIBSEYVELLEND APH. Hepatitis B vaccine program at Toronto General Hospital. Can Dis Weekly Rep. 1984;10-39:152-4. Google Scholar3. VANDERVELDEMORTIMER EP. New hepatitis B vaccines. Br Med J. 1985;290:787. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. PEADSAEEDHEWITTBROWNFIELD PAWR. Low immune responses to hepatitis B vaccination among healthy subjects. Lancet. 1985;1:1152. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. . Suboptimal response to hepatitis B vaccine given by injection into the buttock. MMWR. 1985;34:105-13. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Hamilton General Hospital Hamilton, Ontario Canada PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1986Volume 105, Issue 2Page: 293-293KeywordsHepatitis BVaccines ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1986 PDF downloadLoading ...
India Modernizes Her Medical Education
Authors: Carl E. Taylor
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

INDIA is planning a promising experiment in medical education. An important accomplishment of the present government is the way in which the leaders are using constructively the enthusiastic nationalism that had so long been focussed on getting independence and could easily have dissipated into frustration after freedom was won. By channeling this backlog of energy into a positive program of development the country is making rapid progress and accepting changes that the people would normally have resisted. In the reaction against foreign ways of doing things the leaders are having to think through what is really best for India in . . .