tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nonrandom X chromosome DNA methylation patterns in hemophiliac females.
Authors: P D Nisen, P G Waber
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1989)

Molecular X chromosome inactivation analysis was used to characterize three females (and their families) with severe hemophilia. First, the maternal and paternal X chromosomes were distinguished by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). Second, the patterns of methylation of X chromosome genes using methylation-sensitive restriction endonucleases were determined. Of the six X chromosome probes tested, only the phosphoglycerol-kinase (PGK) and hypoxanthine-phosphoribosyl-transferase (HPRT) clones were informative, indicating that other X chromosome probes are not useful for X inactivation analysis. After digestion with Hpa II or Hha I, the hybridization intensity of the RFLPs of all three mothers and an unaffected sister were diminished by 50%, consistent with random X chromosome inactivation. The methylation patterns of the X chromosomes of the affected females, however, were clearly nonrandom. Depending upon the probe and the patient, HPRT and PGK sequences were either completely methylated or unmethylated. These findings are extremely suggestive that nonrandom X chromosome inactivation (lyonization) is the basis for severe hemophilia in these females.
One cannot build theories of cerebellar function on shaky foundations: Induction properties of long-term depression have to be taken into account
Authors: Erik De Schutter
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1996)

The theories of cerebellar function presented in this BBS special issue cannot be reconciled with the established induction properties of cerebellar LTD. At the same time, the authors presenting their research on cerebellar LTD do not appear very interested in function.
GIANT BLUE NAEVUS OF THE SCALP WITH UNDERLYING SKULL DEFECT
Authors: M. A. MENTER, P. J. C. GRIESSEL, D. J. deKLERK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1971)

Journal Article GIANT BLUE NAEVUS OF THE SCALP WITH UNDERLYING SKULL DEFECT Get access M. A. MENTER, M. A. MENTER Departments of Pathology (Dr Griessel), Neurosurgery (Dr de Klerk) and Dermatology (Dr Menter), University of Pretoria, South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. J. C. GRIESSEL, P. J. C. GRIESSEL Departments of Pathology (Dr Griessel), Neurosurgery (Dr de Klerk) and Dermatology (Dr Menter), University of Pretoria, South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. J. DeKLERK D. J. DeKLERK Departments of Pathology (Dr Griessel), Neurosurgery (Dr de Klerk) and Dermatology (Dr Menter), University of Pretoria, South Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 85, Issue s7, 1 December 1971, Pages 73–75, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1971.tb14115.x Published: 01 December 1971
Postoperative changes in aortocoronary saphenous vein grafts revisited: angiographic studies at two weeks and at one year in two series of consecutive patients.
Authors: L Campeau, D Crochet, J Lespérance, M G Bourassa, C M Grondin
Journal: Circulation (1975)

Comparison of aortocoronary saphenous vein graft status at two weeks and at one year was made in two series of patients. The early postoperative evaluation includes 122 patients of the first 138 operated in our institution (182 grafts) and 83 subjects from a second series of 100 patients operated after modifications of surgical techniques (184 grafts). The one-year follow-up study was obtained in 105 patients of the first series (154 grafts) and in 67 of the second (152 grafts). The patency rate at two weeks was not significantly different between the two groups: 86.3% vx. 91.8%. A marked decrease of steonses noted early at anastomotic sites was observed: 15% to 5.5% (P less than 0.025). The patency rate at one year improved from 67% to 85,5% (P less than 0.0005). Grafts having flows at operation of at least 50 ml/min had patency rates of 90% in both series. The patency in grafts with initial flows below 50 ml/min increased from 28% to 73% (P less than 0.005). The incidence of late localized graft stenoses greater than 40% decreased from 16.5% to 6% (P less than 0.025), and diffuse narrowing greater than 40% was found in only 12% of the patent grafts at one year in the second series as compared to 31% in the first (P less than 0.001). These improved results do not appear to have been influenced by selection favoring better distal run-off in grafted arteries nor by the introduction of sequential grafts to multiple coronary arteries in the second group. Modified surgical techniques may explain the improved results.
Doctors in Antarctica
Authors: A. Ramsden
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The examination for membership of the Royal College of Physicians (the MRCP) is not easy. In fact it can be demoralising, gruelling, and expensive. The authors of this clever revision guide say that there is no better doctor than the general medical registrar who has just passed the MRCP. This is because the exam assesses a vast range of detailed medical practice at a high level. The link of experience with knowledge is tested as never before. The attainment of those four extra letters after their surname is a dream held by many eager young senior house officers.​officers.




Figure 1



Hugh Montgomery, Neil Goldsack, Richard Marshall

Remedica Publishing, £25, pp 320 ISBN 1 9013465 01

Rating: ★★★★




Fortunately this book is not just another revision guide. I have never read a textbook with such intelligent potential. It is a complete and structured course, designed to provide you not only with a wide variety of information but also with the relevant strategies for its application. The format is deceptively simple. As with a workbook, you start from first principles and are given comprehensive lists for each subject, and then your knowledge is tested again and again with sample exam questions. This may not sound earth shattering, but the beauty of this book is that it expounds on its basic premise by using some sensible educational theory.

The intention is that you learn in many different ways and appreciate the information rather than just memorise it. The book uses several tools: historical vignettes, mnemonics, pictures, poems, puzzles, tables, and equations. They all reinforce the facts and—dare I say it—make all this arduous learning enjoyable. And that it is humorous and well written makes it all the more useful.

Although its structure and execution are sound, this book may still leave you wanting more; even the authors admit that you will need more textbooks than this slim volume for a complete and rounded MRCP education. However, as someone who is still studying, I have no hesitation in recommending this book.
Governments are told not to skimp on preventive strategies as health budgets fall
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Health spending in Europe has fallen for the first time since 1975, says a report from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, which warns of a potential long term effect on healthcare and urges governments to focus on prevention despite budget pressures.

The report, compiled in collaboration with the European Commission, shows that health spending per person fell from an annual average growth rate of 4.6% between 2000 and 2009 to −0.6% in 2010.1

In Ireland spending fell by 7.9% in 2010, whereas it had …
Liver Metastases of Oat Cell Carcinoma of Lung Detected on 99mTc-Diphosphonate Bone Scan
Authors: VICTOR O. OREN, J MICHAEL USZLER
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1978)

Osteoid osteoma is a painful osteoblastic process. The pre-operative diagnosis is usually made by roentgenogram. Four surgically confirmed cases are examined where the preoperative diagnosis was clarified by bone scintigraphy. The clinical indications, the disease process, and the literature are reviewed.
UNIFORMITY IN MEDICAL PRACTICE ACTS.
Authors: N. R. COLEMAN
Journal: JAMA (1903)

It is but a brief period since a majority of the states enacted laws controlling and directing the practice of medicine, and yet this time has witnessed many and far-reaching changes. Some can recall when a person could, without special preparation or education, announce himself a physician and prey on the community without molestation; when medical colleges could graduate their classes after two courses of lectures of twelve weeks each; when a charter, irrespective of faculty, equipment or the fitness of its students, constituted a college; when the errant quack and vampire rode over the land in palace cars, robbing the people without let or hindrance; when the self-constituted midwife infected the mother or mutilated the child, and there was none to stay her course of death and destruction.
Apolipoprotein C3 Gene Variants in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Kitt Falk Petersen, Sylvie Dufour, Ali Hariri, Carol Nelson-Williams, Jia Nee Foo, Xian-Man Zhang, James Dziura, Richard P. Lifton, Gerald I. Shulman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2010)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with hepatic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Whether this association has a genetic basis is unknown.In 95 healthy Asian Indian men, a group known to have a high prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, we genotyped two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the gene encoding apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3) that are known to be associated with hypertriglyceridemia (rs2854116 [T-455C] and rs2854117 [C-482T]). Plasma apolipoprotein C3 concentrations, insulin sensitivity, and hepatic triglyceride content were measured. We also measured plasma triglyceride concentrations and retinyl fatty acid ester absorption as well as plasma triglyceride clearance after oral and intravenous fat-tolerance tests. Liver triglyceride content and APOC3 genotypes were also assessed in a group of 163 healthy non-Asian Indian men.Carriers of the APOC3 variant alleles (C-482T, T-455C, or both) had a 30% increase in the fasting plasma apolipoprotein C3 concentration, as compared with the wild-type homozygotes. They also had a 60% increase in the fasting plasma triglyceride concentration, an increase by a factor of approximately two in the plasma triglyceride and retinyl fatty acid ester concentrations after an oral fat-tolerance test, and a 46% reduction in plasma triglyceride clearance. The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was 38% among variant-allele carriers and 0% among wild-type homozygotes (P<0.001). The subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease had marked insulin resistance. A validation study involving non-Asian Indian men confirmed the association between APOC3 variant alleles and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.The polymorphisms C-482T and T-455C in APOC3 are associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance.
Topical Use of Antibiotics
Authors: Robert G. Carney
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE GREATLY INCREASING USE of antibiotics on the skin, both in prescription drugs and in over-the-counter items, particularly cosmetics, has aroused some concern for a number of reasons. The potential hazards from the topical application of antibiotics include the following: (1) percutaneous absorption in sufficient quantities to produce systemic toxicity; (2) interference with the normal bacterial flora of the skin; (3) production of antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogens; and (4) contact sensitization. <h3>Antibiotics in Cosmetics</h3> Since axillary odor is produced by the action of bacteria on apocrine sweat, many antibacterial agents, including antibiotics, are employed in underarm deodorants as well as in other cosmetic preparations in which an antibacterial effect is presumed to be beneficial. Neomycin sulfate, which has proved to be an excellent deodorant substance, is included in many commercial deodorant preparations today. The reasons for inclusion of antibiotics in other types of cosmetics may be less tenable. Fear
Whipple's Disease
Authors: DAVID SAUL ROSENFELD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1978)

Letters and Corrections1 October 1978Whipple's DiseaseDAVID SAUL ROSENFELD, M.D.DAVID SAUL ROSENFELD, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-89-4-575_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Mansbach and colleagues have recently reported (Ann Intern Med89:64-66, 1978) a case of a 38-year-old man with lymph-node bacilliform bodies resembling those of Whipple's disease, yet without intestinal involvement. They write, "In all previously reported patients, the hallmark of the disease, diastase-resistant periodic acid Schiff-positive macrophages, have been found in the intestinal mucosa irrespective of the presence or absence of bowel symptomatology." However, shortly after the above paper was accepted for publication, Romanul, Radvany, and Rosales (1) published an apparently unique case report of Whipple's disease confined to the brain. The report described the case of...Reference1. ROMANULRADVANYROSALES FJK: Whipple's disease confined to the brain: a case studied clinically and pathologically. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 40:901-909, 1977 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Reed Neurologic Research Center UCLA Center for the Health Sciences Los Angeles, CA 90024 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 October 1978Volume 89, Issue 4Page: 575-575KeywordsBrainBrain diseasesInflammatory bowel diseaseMucous membranes Issue Published: 1 October 1978 PDF downloadLoading ...
Using Helium for Insufflation During Laparoscopy
Authors: Fred S. Bongard
Journal: JAMA (1991)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> — Laparoscopic surgery requires the creation of a pneumoperitoneum to facilitate visualization and operative manipulation. Carbon dioxide traditionally has been used for this purpose because it is colorless, inexpensive, and not flammable. Laboratory investigation has shown, however, that CO<sub>2</sub>pneumoperitoneum can produce significant hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis.<sup>1</sup>Although these complications are rarely a problem in younger patients, older patients with preexisting pulmonary disease and those with increased respiratory dead space may have difficulty eliminating the CO<sub>2</sub>burden in spite of mechanically increased minute ventilation.<sup>2</sup> Helium has been investigated as an insufflating gas in a porcine model in our laboratory.<sup>1</sup>Simulation of clinical conditions demonstrated the absence of hypercapnia and the resultant respiratory acidosis observed in animals that received CO<sub>2</sub>. We have now begun a clinical protocol, approved by our institutional review board, and wish to inform<i>JAMA</i>readers of the successful
Role of Liver in Pathophysiology of NIDDM
Authors: Agostino Consoli
Journal: Diabetes Care (1992)

Glucose homeostasis is physiologically maintained by the balance between glucose production by the liver and glucose utilization by the peripheral tissues. Insulin controls hepatic glucose production and promotes glucose utilization by the skeletal muscle. In non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), postabsorptive hepatic glucose production is increased and exhibits a positive correlation with fasting plasma glucose concentration. This increase in hepatic glucose production is the main cause of fasting hyperglycemia in NIDDM. Between the two processes by which the liver produces glucose (gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis), gluconeogenesis appears to be drastically increased in NIDDM. The increase in gluconeogenesis accounts for most of the increased hepatic glucose production in this condition, and a positive correlation has been found in NIDDM subjects between the rates of gluconeogenesis and fasting plasma glucose concentration. Increased production of gluconeogenic precursors (lactate, alanine, glycerol) fuels this increased gluconeogenesis, but some type of intrahepatic mechanism is also present in NIDDM that increases the hepatic conversion of these substrates into glucose. Hyperglucagonemia and increased hepatic free fatty acid oxidation might be responsible for this increase hepatic gluconeogenic efficiency in NIDDM. Reduced suppression of hepatic glucose production after carbohydrate ingestion also plays an important role in the impairment in postprandial glucose homeostasis in NIDDM. In NIDDM subjects splanchnic extraction of an oral glucose load is not decreased, but hepatic glucose production is suppressed less than in nondiabetic subjects after the load. Residual hepatic glucose production after glucose ingestion is also correlated with fasting plasma glucose in NIDDM. Preliminary data suggest that in the postprandial state increased gluconeogenesis represents the primary mechanism responsible for impaired suppression of hepatic glucose production. Given the primary role of increase hepatic gluconeogenesis in the pathogenesis of hyperglycemia in NIDDM, development of new drugs aimed at correcting the factors that might cause increased gluconeogenesis (e.g., increased free fatty acid oxidation and hyperglucagonemia) might open the way for new form of treatment of this disorder.
A Strategy for Quality Assurance in Medicare
Authors: Kathleen N. Lohr, Steven A. Schroeder
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

The Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences has just released a report on quality assurance for the Medicare program.1 The legislation authorizing the study called for an ambitious and far-reaching strategic plan for assessing and ensuring the quality of medical care for elderly people during the next decade. The deliberations and fact finding of the study's 17-member committee included the review of commissioned and staff-produced papers, public hearings, panels, site visits, focus groups, and many meetings. The resulting report indicates that although the current quality of medical care for Medicare enrollees is not bad, it could be . . .
Masked Infundibular Pulmonary Obstruction in Ventricular Septal Defect with Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: JOHN H. K. VOGEL, S. GILBERT BLOUNT
Journal: Circulation (1965)

Recent observations have suggested that infundibular pulmonary obstruction may exist in association with a ventricular septal defect and pulmonary hypertension but not be apparent because of greater obstruction in the pulmonary arterial bed which "masks" the more proximal infundibular obstruction. Following the administration of the pulmonary vasodilator tolazoline to patients with a ventricular septal defect and pulmonary hypertension, pullback tracings have revealed infundibular obstruction where none was apparent in control studies. An analysis of the catheterization findings in those patients with a ventricular septal defect and pulmonary hypertension revealed 32 subjects who had received and responded to tolazoline. Twenty-seven of these patients had gradients after tolazoline ranging from 8 to 73 mm. Hg. The findings suggest that in the presence of pulmonary hypertension, infundibular obstruction is present from birth and continues to develop, becoming apparent or "unmasked" by virtue of a reduction (acutely with drugs or slowly by delayed maturation) in pulmonary vascular resistance.
Risk of self-harm and suicide in people with specific psychiatric and physical disorders: comparisons between disorders using English national record linkage
Authors: Arvind Singhal, Jack Ross, Olena Seminog, Keith Hawton, Michael J Goldacre
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2014)

Background Psychiatric illnesses are known risk factors for self-harm but associations between self-harm and physical illnesses are less well established. We aimed to stratify selected chronic physical and psychiatric illnesses according to their relative risk of self-harm. Design Retrospective cohort studies using a linked dataset of Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) for 1999-2011. Participants Individuals with selected psychiatric or physical conditions were compared with a reference cohort constructed from patients admitted for a variety of other conditions and procedures. Setting All admissions and day cases in National Health Service (NHS) hospitals in England. Main outcome measures Hospital episodes of self-harm. Rate ratios (RRs) were derived by comparing admission for self-harm between cohorts. Results The psychiatric illnesses studied (depression, bipolar disorder, alcohol abuse, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, schizophrenia and substance abuse) all had very high RRs (> 5) for self-harm. Of the physical illnesses studied, an increased risk of self-harm was associated with epilepsy (RR = 2.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.8-2.9), asthma (1.8, 1.8-1.9), migraine (1.8, 1.7-1.8), psoriasis (1.6, 1.5-1.7), diabetes mellitus (1.6, 1.5-1.6), eczema (1.4, 1.3-1.5) and inflammatory polyarthropathies (1.4, 1.3-1.4). RRs were significantly low for cancers (0.95, 0.93-0.97), congenital heart disease (0.9, 0.8-0.9), ulcerative colitis (0.8, 0.7-0.8), sickle cell anaemia (0.7, 0.6-0.8) and Down's syndrome (0.1, 0.1-0.2). Conclusions Psychiatric illnesses carry a greatly increased risk of self-harm as well as of suicide. Many chronic physical illnesses are also associated with an increased risk of both self-harm and suicide. Identifying those at risk will allow provision of appropriate monitoring and support.
Can 'Fewer Patients, Studied More Intensively,' Solve Historic Problems of MS Clinical Trials?
Authors: Chris Anne Raymond
Journal: JAMA (1986)

NOT ENTIRELY tongue in cheek, Labe C. Scheinberg, MD, professor of neurology and rehabilitation at New York City's Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, observes that "those whom the gods wish to destroy, they first have do clinical trials in multiple sclerosis." For at least the last 20 years, investigators have publicly and privately grappled with a crucial problem: how to design and evaluate clinical trials in a field whose history is strewn with failed therapies, whose patients enter trials carrying with them unknown prognoses and histories of prior treatments, and whose financial resources are strained to the limit. At the American Academy of Neurology meetings in New Orleans, these problems again bubbled to the surface. This time, though, there was nearly unanimous agreement that clinical trials have markedly improved, and that—even in the absence of "a cure"— more broadly designed rehabilitation strategies can do much to help
Immunohistochemical Cal9-9 in primary colonic polyps and polyps synchronous with colorectal cancer.
Authors: N H Afdhal, A Long, I Tobbia, A Cullen, D P O'Donoghue
Journal: Gut (1987)

A prospective study was undertaken to examine the immunohistochemical expression of tumor antigen Cal9-9 in 56 colorectal cancers and 95 colonic adenomas, divided into 65 primary polyps and 30 polyps synchronous with colorectal cancer. Seventy five per cent of tumours were positive for Cal9-9. Antigen was expressed more frequently in advanced Duke9s C and D and poorly differentiated colorectal cancer. Overall 51% of adenomas were positive for Cal9-9. Antigen expression correlated significantly with increasing size (p less than 0.001), synchronicity with colorectal cancer (p less than 0.001), severe dysplasia (p less than 0.001) and villous typing (p less than 0.003). Discriminate analysis using the first three variables correctly classified 79% of positive and 89% of negative Cal9-9 results. The similar frequency of antigen expression seen in colorectal cancers and their synchronous adenoma suggests a field change in the tumour bearing colon. Adenomas positive for Cal9-9 may have a greater malignant potential for carcinomatous change.