tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The role of antibodies in acute vascular rejection of pig-to-baboon cardiac transplants.
Authors: S S Lin, B C Weidner, G W Byrne, L E Diamond, J H Lawson, C W Hoopes, L J Daniels, C W Daggett, W Parker, R C Harland, R D Davis, R R Bollinger, J S Logan, J L Platt
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Long-term success in xenotransplantation is currently hampered by acute vascular rejection. The inciting cause of acute vascular rejection is not yet known; however, a variety of observations suggest that the humoral immune response of the recipient against the donor may be involved in the pathogenesis of this process. Using a pig-to-baboon heterotopic cardiac transplant model, we examined the role of antibodies in the development of acute vascular rejection. After transplantation into baboons, hearts from transgenic pigs expressing human decay-accelerating factor and CD59 underwent acute vascular rejection leading to graft failure within 5 d; the histology was characterized by endothelial injury and fibrin thrombi. Hearts from the transgenic pigs transplanted into baboons whose circulating antibodies were depleted using antiimmunoglobulin columns (Therasorb, Unterschleisshein, Germany) did not undergo acute vascular rejection in five of six cases. Biopsies from the xenotransplants in Ig-depleted baboons revealed little or no IgM or IgG, and no histologic evidence of acute vascular rejection in the five cases. Complement activity in the baboons was within the normal range during the period of xenograft survival. In one case, acute vascular rejection of a xenotransplant occurred in a baboon in which the level of antidonor antibody rose after Ig depletion was discontinued. This study provides evidence that antibodies play a significant role in the pathogenesis of acute vascular rejection, and suggests that acute vascular rejection might be prevented or treated by therapies aimed at the humoral immune response to porcine antigens.
rAAV-mediated stable expression of heme oxygenase-1 in stellate cells: A new approach to attenuate liver fibrosis in rats
Authors: Tung‐Yu Tsui, Chi‐Keung Lau, Jian Ma, Xiaobing Wu, Yan‐Qing Wang, Stefan Farkas, Ruian Xu, Hans J. Schlitt, Sheung‐Tat Fan
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Liver fibrosis is the consequence of activation of hepatic stellate cells mediated by persistent or recurrent liver injury, where oxidative stress or inflammatory response resulting from immune cells and cytokines are involved. Targeting of hepatic stellate cells could be an important strategy for the therapy of liver fibrosis. In this study, we showed a tropism of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV, serotype 2) with high efficiency in transduction of a homeostatic gene, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), to activated stellate cells. The binding of rAAVs to stellate cells increased significantly after serum-stimulated activation compared with quiescent status. Portal injection of rAAVs to normal or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis showed a distinct distribution of rAAV binding. The majority of injected rAAVs bound to the cells in fibrotic areas that were associated with higher expression levels of fibroblast growth factor receptor-1α at 2 hours after administration. Isolation of different types of cells from CCl4-induced fibrotic livers showed predominant expression of transgene in stellate cells after rAAV/HO-1 administration on day 3 and remained stable for 12 weeks. In addition, HO-1–transduced stellate cells showed reduced transcript levels of type 1 collagen and impaired proliferative ability compared with controls. With this approach, the severity of established micronodular cirrhosis was markedly reduced. In conclusion, these findings suggest a new approach for the treatment of liver fibrosis using adeno-associated virus-mediated gene transfer. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;42:335–342.)
Influence of the ABO blood groups and secretor status on bleeding and on perforation of duodenal ulcer.
Authors: D A Evans, L Horwich, R B McConnell, M F Bullen
Journal: Gut (1968)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Historically VPS failure and infection rates are higher for neonates than for older children. We compared our one year VPS failure and infection rates in under 3-month-olds with those of older children. <h3>Design</h3> A retrospective, single centre study comparing 1 year survival and infection rates of VPS in under 3-month-olds verses older children. <h3>Subjects</h3> 58 children under 3 months of age underwent VPS insertion between January 2007 and December 2016. <h3>Methods</h3> Data was collected by three independent reviewers from electronic files and case notes. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and one year shunt survival curves were produced. <h3>Results</h3> For children under 3 months there was a 29.3% one-year shunt failure rate, of which 2 were shunt infections (3.4%). In patients greater than 3 months, the shunt malfunction rate was 23.4% and the infection rate was 4.3%. There were no shunt-related mortalities in either group. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Children under 3-months-old undergoing VPS insertion should not automatically expect an increased 1 year failure or infection rate compared with older children. Reasons for this may be increased sub-specialisation, improved neonatal care and use of antibiotic impregnated catheters.
Britain needs to screen for aortic aneurysms
Authors: R Smith
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm kills between 6000 and 10 000 people a year in England and Wales (1.7% of all deaths), and many of those deaths could be prevented by a national screening programme, said Peter Harris, a consultant vascular surgeon from Liverpool, last week at a conference organised by the BMJ and the Journal of Medical Screening. “The evidence for the effectiveness of screening is so strong,” agreed Malcolm Law, senior lecturer in preventive medicine at St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, “that a programme should be introduced now. There is no need for a randomised controlled trial.”

* Aneurysms - …
FRACTURE-DISLOCATIONS OF THE ANKLE: POTT'S AND DUPUYTREN'S FRACTURES
Authors: R. P. Rowlands
Journal: BMJ (1919)

THESE serious accidents are so commonly followed by bad results that I venture to discuss tlheir diagnosis and treat- nient, in the lhope that the subject may be of interest and value to otbers.A. POTT's FRACTURE.There seems to be some doubt as to the exact nature of
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE HYDROBROMATE OF HOMATROPINE.
Authors: T. E. MURRELL
Journal: JAMA (1884)

[Read before the State Medical Society of Arkansas at the eighth annual session. Little Rock, May 30 and 31, 1883.] Homatropine was discovered in 1879 or 1880, about which there seems to be some doubt, since both Germany and England claim the discoverer. Merck, of Darmstadt, first made the crystallized hydrobromate, the preparation now altogether used. According to the last edition of the U. S. Dispensatory, the alkaloid is prepared from tropine, a substance stance obtained from belladonna, in combination with amygdalic acid and diluted hydrochloric acid. Homatropine is quite similar to atropine, both chemically and physiologically. It is not so poisonous, and can be administered in far larger doses, thus avoiding those disagreeable symptoms so common to the use of atropine in the eyes, particularly in children. The most important differences between these two articles is in their relative action and duration on the pupil and accommodation. In 1879,
The quality of quality-of-life measurements
Authors: B. C. Jung
Journal: JAMA (1995)

To the Editor.  —The article by Drs Gill and Feinstein1and the Commentary by Drs Guyatt and Cook2concerning the relevance of qualitative assessments as appropriate outcome measures are timely. In a metaphorical sense it is like a psychiatrist trying to determine whether a patient is clinically depressed by asking how he or she feels and then deciding whether the answer reflects the patient's affect or mood or, possibly, both.  Second, medicine as an art may derive some useful direction in planning the overall medical management of a patient from well-defined quality-of-life measures, but for medicine as a science, such measures are not rigorous enough. Qualitative measures, or functional measures based on subjective situational evaluations, are too variable to be used in comparative efficacy studies. This is not to discount the value of including a patient's outlook on life when determining which treatment is most suitable, given treatment
Effect of bowel preparation and colonoscopy on post-procedure intestinal microbiota composition
Authors: V Mai, B Greenwald, J Glenn Morris, J-P Raufman, O C Stine
Journal: Gut (2006)

in the cohort.The incidence of oesophageal malignancy overall (per 100 person years of follow-up) was 0.26; for patients with intestinal metaplasia the risk was 0.40 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.26 to 0.59) and for those without intestinal metaplasia the risk was 0.06 (95% CI 0 to 0.32).In other words, if intestinal metaplasia was absent in biopsy specimens, the risk of oesophageal malignancy was not significantly higher than that in the normal population.Further, we found 93% concordance among the 2969 patients between intestinal metaplasia status on the first biopsy and that on any subsequent biopsy (unpublished data).Intestinal metaplasia seems to be either there from the start or absent.Given that these data are derived from ''real world practice'', where probably few biopsy specimens per patient were taken and hence sampling error might have occurred, it is reassuring to find that the risk of malignancy in patients in whom intestinal metaplasia was not shown was low.These patients may have a ''patchy'' distribution of intestinal metaplasia in the segment of columnar mucosa that is biologically distinct from those where the distribution of intestinal metaplasia is uniform, but this is purely speculative.Patients with Barrett's oesophagus are at low risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma; refinement of surveillance programmes is needed to focus resources on those most likely to benefit from surveillance-perhaps concentrating on those patients in whom intestinal metaplasia is evident at initial endoscopy is one way to do this?
Simultaneous Infection With HIV and Hepatitis C Virus Following Occupational Conjunctival Blood Exposure
Authors: G. Ippolito, V. Puro, N. Petrosillo, G. De Carli, G. Micheloni, E. Magliano
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Is This Patient Having a Stroke?
Authors: Larry B. Goldstein
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Patients suspected of having a stroke or transient ischemic attack require accurate assessment for appropriate acute treatment and use of secondary preventive interventions.To update a 1994 systematic review of the accuracy and reliability of symptoms and findings on neurological examination for the evaluation of patients with suspected stroke or transient ischemic attack.We identified potential articles dated between 1994 and 2005 by multiple search strategies of the MEDLINE database and review of article and textbook bibliographies along with private collections.Selected articles provided primary data or appropriate summary statistics of the accuracy and/or reliability of the history or physical examination for diagnosis or short-term prognosis of patients with neurological signs prompting a consideration of stroke. Articles addressing accuracy also needed to provide a final diagnosis following neuroimaging and all relevant laboratory tests.The authors reviewed and abstracted data for estimating sensitivities, specificities, positive and negative likelihood ratios (LRs). Reliability assessment was based on reported kappa (kappa) statistics or intraclass correlation coefficients as appropriate.The prior probability of a stroke among patients with neurologically relevant symptoms is 10%. Based on studies using modern neuroimaging, the presence of acute facial paresis, arm drift, or abnormal speech increases the likelihood of stroke (LR of > or =1 finding = 5.5; 95% CI, 3.3-9.1), while the absence of all 3 decreases the odds (LR of 0 findings = 0.39; 95% CI, 0.25-0.61). The accurate determination of stroke subtype requires neuroimaging to distinguish ischemic from hemorrhagic stroke. Early mortality increases among those with any combination of impaired consciousness, hemiplegia, and conjugate gaze palsy (LR of > or =1 finding = 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2-2.8 and LR of 0 findings = 0.36; 95% CI, 0.13-1.0). Symptoms associated with high agreement for the diagnosis of stroke or transient ischemic attack vs no vascular event are a sudden change in speech, visual loss, diplopia, numbness or tingling, paralysis or weakness, and non-orthostatic dizziness (kappa = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.52-0.68). The reliabilities of individual neurological findings vary from slight to almost perfect, but can be improved with standardized scoring systems such as the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. Based on examination findings, stroke vascular distribution can be determined with moderate to good reliability (kappa = 0.54; 95% CI, 0.39-0.68).The history and clinical findings provide the basis for evaluating patients with possible stroke and choosing appropriate treatments. Focusing on 3 findings (acute facial paresis, arm drift, or abnormal speech) might improve diagnostic accuracy and reliability.
The differentiation of exogenous and endogenous hyperlipemia by paper electrophoresis.
Authors: R S Lees, D S Fredrickson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1965)

The name "particles" has been applied (4) to lipo- proteins of size large enough (> 0.1 /A) to be seen with the light microscope.These particles all have D < 1.006 and Sf > 400; they therefore represent a subclass of "very low density lipoproteins" as defined in the ultracentrifuge (Table II).
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Class I Gene Expression in Single Neurons of the Central Nervous System: Differential Regulation by Interferon (IFN)-γ and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α
Authors: H. Neumann, H. Schmidt, A. Cavalié, D. Jenne, H. Wekerle
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1997)

This study examined the effect of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on the induction of MHC class I–related genes in functionally mature brain neurons derived from cultures of dissociated rat hippocampal tissue. Patch clamp electrophysiology combined with single cell RT-PCR demonstrated that ∼50% of the untreated neurons contained mRNA for MHC class I heavy chains, while, with few exceptions, the cells failed to transcribe β2-microglobulin and TAP1/TAP2 gene transcripts. No constitutive expression of MHC class I protein was detectable by confocal laser microscopy on the surface of neurons. All neurons transcribed the α-chain of the interferon-type II receptor (binding IFN-γ) along with the p55 receptor for TNF-α. Sustained exposure to IFN-γ resulted in transcription of β2microglobulin and TAP1/TAP2 genes and MHC class I surface expression in a minor part of the neurons, but did not alter their electrophysiological activities as assessed by whole cell electrophysiology. Suppression of neuronal electric activity by the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin drastically increased to almost 100% IFN-γ-mediated induction of MHC class I chains, of both TAP transporters, and of membrane expression of MHC class I protein. The effect of tetrodotoxin is at least partly reverted by the neurotransmitter glutamate. In contrast to IFN-γ, treatment with TNF-α did neither upregulate TAP1/TAP2 nor β2microglobulin gene expression, but induced MHC class I heavy chain gene transcription in all neurons. Consequently, no MHC class I molecules were detectable on the membranes of TNF-α-treated neurons.
Smoking and Infarction Diagnosis
Authors: THOMAS J. BASSLER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Comments and Corrections1 March 1977Smoking and Infarction DiagnosisTHOMAS J. BASSLER, M.D.THOMAS J. BASSLER, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-86-3-365_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The 2-year study by Luria and associates omits the most important factor in the survival of these cardiac patients-their smoking histories (Ann Intern Med85:561-565, 1976). It would add to the value of the study to compare the smoking habits of the 110 survivors with the habits of the 27 who died of cardiac-related causes. Our own surveillance of rehabilitation programs suggests that smokers suffer a higher mortality than nonsmokers by a factor which may be as large as 300%....Reference1. WILHELMSSONELMFELDTVEDIN CDJ: Smoking and myocardial infarction. Lancet 1:415-420, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByExercise and sudden death— part I 1 March 1977Volume 86, Issue 3Page: 365-366KeywordsHabitsInfarctionMortalitySmoking habits Issue Published: 1 March 1977 PDF DownloadLoading ...
A CASE OF ERYTHROEDEMA POLYNEURITICA
Authors: J. V. C. Braithwaite, A. V. Pegge
Journal: BMJ (1924)

ERYTHROEDEMA POLYNEURITICA.rMEDBICAmmoBNAI 423 erythema had cleared up, but he continued to run a temperature and grow paler.He had headache at the onset of his illness.He improved, but although he said he felt all right he was very easily fatigued.He was advised to have sanatorium treatment, and was admitted to the Derbyshire County Sanator-ium on October 24th.Dr. Niven Robertson, physician superintendent, reports his condition as follows: " Cheeks flushed, pale waxy skin round the mouth, thyroid slightly enlarged, phlyctenule on the riaht eye at 9 o'clock on the limbus.Right Kronig's area 14 inches, left Kronig 1/2 inch.Marked loss of resonance upper part of left lung, no adventitious sounds.X-ray examination shows well marked hilus shadows on poth sides and dense triangular shadow at the left apex resembling pneumonic triangle.'" Quantitative von Pirquet Test, November 8th, 1923: 64, 16, 4, 1 per cent., all well marked positive.Latterly the scarified areas closely resembled erythema nodosum patches." Armeth Count, November 22nd
A Comparison of Transhiatal and Transthoracic Resection for Oesophageal Carcinoma
Authors: M. Fok, S. Law, F. Stipa, S. Cheng, J. Wong
Journal: Endoscopy (1993)

We compared the results of 327 transthoracic (TT) resections and 82 transhiatal (TH) resections for carcinoma of the oesophagus operated on between July 1982 and June 1991. Significantly more patients with carcinoma of the lower third of the oesophagus (54% versus 28%) and with increased pulmonary risks for surgery (61% versus 22%) were selected for the TH approach as compared with the TT approach. Results showed comparable intraoperative complications between the two groups. 5% of patients in the TH group required a thoracotomy for control of haemorrhage (3 patients) and repair of bronchial tear (1 patient) which occurred during the transmediastinal dissection. Postoperatively, mechanical ventilation requirement and complications involving the cardio-pulmonary systems were similar between the two groups. Anastomotic leakage occurred in 3% and 4%, respectively for the TH and TT patients (p = NS), whereas hoarseness occurred in 16% and 5%, respectively (p = 0.001). The 30-day mortality rates and hospital mortality rates were comparable between the two groups as were the overall survival rates. Our results suggested that while TH resection did not diminish the operative morbidity and mortality rates overall, it is appropriate for patients with increased pulmonary risks to be preferentially selected for this approach, and for tumours located in the upper and lower portion of the thoracic oesophagus where dissection of the tumour can be carried out mostly under vision.
Grey Turner's Sign
Authors: Daniel H. Carmichael
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prevention of pressure sores by identifying patients at risk.
Authors: Klaus Ejner Andersen, O Jensen, S A Kvorning, E Bach
Journal: BMJ (1982)

The risk of pressure sores developing in patients admitted with acute conditions was assessed by a simple risk score system based on age, reduced mobility, incontinence, pronounced emaciation, redness over bony prominences, unconsciousness, dehydration, and paralysis in a prospective clinical study. During seven months in 1977, 600 of 3571 patients were classified as at risk. Of these 35 (5.8%) developed sores compared with five (0.2%) of those not at risk. The results of this study compared with those over the same period in 1976 show that close observation of at-risk patients and early detection of pressure sores prevents their development.