tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Variation in the Velocity, Deformation, and Adhesion Energy Density of Leukocytes Rolling Within Venules
Authors: E.R. Damiano, J. Westheider, A. Tözeren, K. Ley
Journal: Circulation Research (1996)

Leukocyte rolling along the endothelium in inflammation is caused by continuous formation and breakage of bonds between selectin adhesion molecules and their ligands. We investigated trauma-induced leukocyte rolling in venules (diameter, 23 to 58 μm; wall shear stress, 1.2 to 35 dyne/cm 2 ) of the exteriorized rat mesentery using high-resolution intravital microscopy. While rolling, the leukocytes deformed into a teardroplike shape. Deformation continued to increase with shear stress up to the highest values observed (35 dyne/cm 2 ). Successive leukocytes had similar rolling velocities at the same axial positions along each vessel, suggesting that heterogeneity of endothelial adhesiveness is responsible for velocity variation. Adhesion energy density varied inversely with instantaneous rolling velocity and directly with instantaneous deformation. Adhesion energy density reached a maximum of 0.36 dyne/cm, similar to values found for lymphocyte function–associated antigen-1–dependent adhesion of stimulated T cells to isolated intercellular adhesion molecule-1. We conclude that selectin-mediated adhesion during rolling produces adhesion energy densities comparable to those observed for integrin-mediated adhesion events in other experimental systems.
Ocular Inflammatory Disease
Authors: James D. Kingham
Journal: JAMA (1974)

A panel of clinicians and researchers met in Iowa City in November 1971 to combine their thoughts and personal experiences in a series of lectures and round table discussions. These proceedings and their accompanying photographs, carefully taped, edited, and reproduced, respectively, are brought together in<i>Ocular Inflammatory Disease</i>. Inflammation and infection are presented anatomically, etiologically, and immunologically in a format that embraces both basic science and clinical application, in chapters covering allergy, heredity, microbiology, vasculitis, dry eye, adenoviruses, fungal infections, blepharitis, corneal-wound healing, and corneal ulcers. The articles are uniformly good and succinct, and are well documented photographically. Most of the papers include both diagnostic techniques and management of ocular inflammatory disease. The round table discussions provide enough provocative material for the reader to evaluate for himself, relative to his own situation, the credibility and feasibility of various forms of management. One chapter offers a dogmatic approach to the early
Case of Obstruction of the Bowels: Recovery: Remarks
Authors: W. Newman
Journal: BMJ (1862)

for the last fewv weeks in cleaning drains, etc.He was the subject of most severe illness seven or eight vears ago.The prominent features wvere most acute abdo- minal pain, with continuial sickness and absolute consti- pation.The bowels did not act for seven days; and, according to his mother's account, who was in attend- ance, " his motions came up by his mouth" for several days.The attack ended by profuse diarrhcea; but the abdominal pain did not cease entirely for some weeks.I bad occasion to see him in several returns of a muchl sliglhter kind-pain in the abdomen, with consti- pation, followed usually by profuse puirging.Oct. 18lth.He was seized with dull pain in the ab- domen at 6 r.m.The bowels acted slightly after it came on.He lhad been in good health prior to this seizure.The bowels had acted on the 11th, and, lie believed, on the 12th also.He had a walk of six miles to his own home after the accession of pain.Oct. 14th, 2 A.M. A messenger came over, and my assistant saw him.He was in very great pain, and constantly sick, throwing up food mixed with biliary matter.There was pain in the abdomen, not relieved by pressure.Pulse 80.The skin was hot; he was thirsty.A turpentine fomentation was applied to the abdomen; and calomel with opium was given.11 A.M.He was much in the same state.The sickness was conistant; dark greenish bile was thrown up, and that in some quantity.He was ordered to take a grain of opium every two hours.5 P.t.He was in the same state.The abdomen was more full on the right than on the left side, and dull on percussion on the right side to the middle line.The sickness was unrelieved; the bowels had not acted.He rolled about the bed when the pain came on.Oct. 15th, 5 P.r.I was called up with a message that he was much worse.There was no great change in his condition.The sickness was constant; even a little water taken into the stomach excited vomiting.The ejecta were now yellowish, mixed sometimes with more or less of green bile.Examination by the rectum made out that no faical accumulation existed in that portion of the gut.I introduced an O'Beirne's tube eight or nine inches at least, and injected more than four pints of thin gruel, with an ounce of turpentine.The whole was returned, with a large quantity of faecal matter, brown and healthy, not particularly hard, nor in scybalous masses.He expressed himself as somewhat relieved.He was ordered to have two drops of croton oil immediately.12 P.mf.Another large injection was administered.Two or three hard masses came away.No relief re- sulted.The pain was at times very intense.He was ordered to have two grains of powdered opium immedi- ately.
Correction: Numerical Error in Abstract
Authors: Claudia Stollberger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Corrections15 February 1994Correction: Numerical Error in AbstractFREEClaudia Stollberger, Jorg Slany, Irmgard Schuster, Hermann Leitner, Walther-Benedikt Winkler, and Ronald KarnikClaudia StollbergerSearch for more papers by this author, Jorg SlanySearch for more papers by this author, Irmgard SchusterSearch for more papers by this author, Hermann LeitnerSearch for more papers by this author, Walther-Benedikt WinklerSearch for more papers by this author, and Ronald KarnikSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-4-199402150-00031 SectionsAboutVisual AbstractPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail In the abstract of the recent article by Stollberger and colleagues [1], an error was made in reporting the proportion of patients with normal venograms who had a history of thromboembolism. The final line in the Results section of the abstract should read as follows: More patients with venous thrombosis than without venous thrombosis had a history of previous thromboembolism (13 of 24 compared with 1 of 18, respectively; P = 0.001).REFERENCE1. Stollberger C, Slany J, Schuster I, Leitner H, Winkler WB, Karnik R. The prevalence of deep venous thrombosis in patients with suspected paradoxical embolism. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:461-5. Google Scholar Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 February 1994Volume 120, Issue 4Page: 347KeywordsThromboembolismThrombosisVenous thromboembolism Issue Published: 15 February 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
The Dense LDL Phenotype: Association with plasma lipoprotein levels, visceral obesity, and hyperinsulinemia in men
Authors: André Tchernof, Benoît Lamarche, Denis Prud'homme, André Nadeau, Sital Moorjani, Fernand Labrie, Paul J Lupien, Jean-Pierre Després
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential relationship between the cluster of metabolic abnormalities found in visceral obesity and the small dense LDL phenotype. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We have estimated LDL peak particle size by nondenaturing 2–16% gradient gel electrophoresis in a sample of 79 men. Glucose tolerance and fasting plasma insulin and lipoprotein levels were also measured. RESULTS The LDL particle score, calculated from migration, distances and relative band intensities and reflecting the proportion of small dense LDL particles, was positively correlated with plasma triglyceride (TG) (r = 0.60, P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol (r = −0.56, P &amp;lt; 0.0001) levels. Although the LDL particle score was not associated with variations in plasma LDL cholesterol or LDL apolipoprotein (apo) B concentrations, it was significantly correlated with the LDL apo B–to–LDL cholesterol ratio (r = 0.60, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Fasting plasma insulin and visceral adipose tissue (AT) areas measured by computed tomography were weakly but significantly correlated with the LDL particle score (r = 0.23 and 0.29, respectively, P &amp;lt; 0.05). LDL peak particle size showed similar but inverse correlations with anthropometric and metabolic variables. Subjects classified as having small dense LDL particles (by comparing subjects in the highest tertile versus those in the lowest tertile of the LDL particle score distribution) were characterized by increased plasma TG, reduced HDL cholesterol, higher fasting insulin levels, and elevated visceral AT accumulation. However, multiple regression analyses revealed that visceral AT accumulation was not an independent predictor of the dense LDL phenotype after inclusion of TG and HDL cholesterol levels and lipoprotein ratios in the model. CONCLUSIONS It thus appears that the high TG–low HDL cholesterol dyslipidemia frequently found in visceral obesity and in a hyperinsulinemic state is a strong correlate of the small dense LDL phenotype. Although associated with the dense LDL phenotype, visceral obesity and hyperinsulinemia were not independent predictors of an increased proportion of small dense LDL particles after controlling for TG and HDL cholesterol levels.
Training for NHS Direct staff needs funding
Authors: E. Armstrong
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Activation of endothelin-A receptor (ET<sub>A</sub>R) by endothelin-1 (ET-1) drives epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in ovarian tumor cells through <i>β</i>-arrestin signaling. Here, we investigated whether this pathogenetic pathway could affect podocyte phenotype in proliferative glomerular disorders. In cultured mouse podocytes, ET-1 caused loss of the podocyte differentiation marker synaptopodin and acquisition of the mesenchymal marker <i>α</i>-smooth muscle actin. ET-1 promoted podocyte migration <i>via</i> ET<sub>A</sub>R activation and increased <i>β</i>-arrestin-1 expression. Activated ET<sub>A</sub>R recruited <i>β</i>-arrestin-1 to form a trimeric complex with Src leading to epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation and <i>β</i>-catenin phosphorylation, which promoted gene transcription of Snail. Increased Snail expression fostered ET-1–induced migration as confirmed by Snail knockdown experiments. Silencing of <i>β</i>-arrestin-1 prevented podocyte phenotypic changes and motility and inhibited ET<sub>A</sub>R-driven signaling. <i>In vitro</i> findings were confirmed in doxorubicin (Adriamycin)-induced nephropathy. Mice receiving Adriamycin developed renal injury with loss of podocytes and hyperplastic lesion formation; <i>β</i>-arrestin-1 expression increased in visceral podocytes and in podocytes entrapped in pseudo-crescents. Administration of the selective ET<sub>A</sub>R antagonist sitaxsentan prevented podocyte loss, formation of the hyperplastic lesions, and normalized expression of glomerular <i>β</i>-arrestin-1 and Snail. Increased <i>β</i>-arrestin-1 levels in podocytes retrieved from crescents of patients with proliferative glomerulopathies confirmed the translational relevance of these findings and suggest the therapeutic potential of ET<sub>A</sub>R antagonism for a group of diseases still needing a specific treatment.
Pulmonary Function Testing in Population-Based Studies
Authors: TERI A. MANOLIO, GAIL G. WEINMANN, A. SONIA BUIST, CURT D. FURBERG, JOAN L. PINSKY, SUZANNE H. HURD
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1997)

A wealth of information on pulmonary function is currently available in NHLBI-sponsored, population-based studies. These data can be used to address critically important questions in pulmonary and cardiovascular disease research, but their potential cannot be realized without the active collaboration of pulmonary- and cardiovascular-disease researchers. Investigators interested in analyzing these data in collaboration with the parent study investigators are invited to contact these investigators directly (see APPENDIX). Results of analyses recommended in the workshop should be used to identify hypotheses for future efforts in collecting data on the epidemiology of pulmonary diseases and their relationship to cardiovascular disease.
Sugar a Cause of Indigestion in Infants.
Authors: Thor Moeller
Journal: JAMA (1902)

Rolla, N. D., Aug. 8, 1902. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —It is a surprise to me that in all the articles on infant feeding and prevention of gastrointestinal troubles in infants, that I have been able to find, no one calls attention to one of the most prevalent and most pernicious causes, namely, the early and persistent feeding of sugar, which somehow or other mothers, midwives or some old woman manage to keep up often in spite of the specific orders of the attending physician, and even when a trained nurse is in attendance. In a fairly extensive practice of ten years I have always been able to trace such troubles in infants not suffering from organic disease to this most unfortunate habit, and to cure by a simple but efficient laxative and the exclusion of sugar. I have found scores of cases where it had been given after orders to
Possible Immunoglobulin Deficiency-Reply
Authors: Rebecca H. Buckley
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Rosefsky reports finding 39 cases of immunoglobulin deficiency and five cases of neutropenia among an unstated number of pediatric patients during a 13-year period. Based on this experience, he expresses surprise at the statement that there are few documented cases of transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy in the literature. He does not indicate whether the low values in his patients were demonstrated on more than one occasion (to rule out laboratory error or postdiarrheal gastrointestinal protein loss) or whether he had later documentation of a normal value. A major factor accounting for the misconception that transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy is common is that few (if any) commercial laboratories have their own ageappropriate normal values for infants or children younger than 6 to 7 years of age. Artifactually "low" immunoglobulin values have been reported frequently in patients in that age range because their values were compared with either adult
Particle Tracking of Intracellular Trafficking of Octaarginine-modified Liposomes: A Comparative Study With Adenovirus
Authors: Hidetaka Akita, Kaoru Enoto, Tomoya Masuda, Hiroyuki Mizuguchi, Tomomi Tani, Hideyoshi Harashima
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

It is previously reported that octaarginine (R8)-modified liposome (R8-Lip) was taken up via macropinocytosis, and subsequently delivered to the nuclear periphery. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism for the cytoplasmic transport of R8-Lips, comparing with that for adenovirus. Treatment with microtubule-disruption reagent (nocodazole) inhibited the transfection activity of plasmid DNA (pDNA)-encapsulating R8-Lip more extensively than that of adenovirus. The directional transport of R8-Lips along green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged microtubules was observed; however, the velocity was slower than those for adenovirus or endosomes that were devoid of R8-Lips. These directional motions were abrogated in R8-Lips by nocodazole treatment, whereas adenovirus continued to undergo random motion. This finding suggests that the nuclear access of R8-Lip predominantly involves microtubule-dependent transport, whereas an apparent diffusive motion is also operative in nuclear access of adenovirus. Furthermore, quantum dot-labeled pDNA underwent directional motion concomitantly with rhodamine-labeled lipid envelopes, indicating that the R8-Lips were subject to microtubule-dependent transport in the intact form. Dual particle tracking of carriers and endosomes revealed that R8-Lip was directionally transported, associated with endosomes, whereas this occurs after endosomal escape in adenovirus. Collectively, the findings reported herein indicate that vesicular transport is a key factor in the cytoplasmic transport of R8-Lips.
Retreatment of ifn nonresponders (NR) or relapsers (REL) with chronic hepatitis c with high dose interferon (IFN) in combination with ribavirin
Authors: P.J. Steindl-Munda, D.C. Kopty, P. Ferenci, W. Vogel, Ch. Datz, H. Brunner, R. Stauber
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Abstract 84: OGDHL is epigenetically silenced and suppresses growth in human cervical cancer
Authors: Tanusree Sen, Rajani Ravi, T.-C. Wu, David Sidransky, Mohammad Obaidul Hoque
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Despite the significant benefits conferred by screening for cervical cancer, cervical cancer is responsible for 190,000 deaths annually worldwide and the leading cause of cancer mortality in women in developing countries. Thus, there is a great need for improvements in cervical screening and targeted therapies. Such improvements depend, however, on a better understanding of the molecular biology of cervical neoplasia. The epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes is a crucial event during carcinogenesis and metastasis. Recently, in a human genome-wide survey, we identified oxoglutarate dehydrogenase-like (OGDHL) gene as a cancer specific methylated gene located on chromosome 10q11.23. Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) is the first and rate-limiting component of the multienzyme OGDH complex (OGDHC) whose malfunction is associated with neurodegeneration. The essential role of this complex is in the degradation of glucose and glutamate. OGDHL is down-regulated by promoter hypermethylation in cervical cancer cell lines and cervical cancer specific methylation was observed with 100% specificity. These properties suggest an important tumor suppressor role for OGDHL, yet direct genetic evidence of a tumor suppressor function for OGDHL is lacking and the molecular mechanism(s), through which OGDHL exerts its tumor suppressor functions, has not been shown. Here, we report that restoration of OGDHL expression in cervical cancer cells lacking endogenous OGDHL expression suppressed cell proliferation and invasive phenotypes in in vitro and colony formation in soft agar. On the other hand, knockdown of OGDHL expression in cervical cancer cells expressing endogenous OGDHL promoted cell proliferation, invasive phenotypes and several malignant behaviors. Mechanistic analysis indicated that OGDHL up-regulation increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to apoptosis through down-regulation of AKT signaling cascade. Conversely, silencing OGDHL stimulated the signaling pathway via increased phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT and ERK1/2; it was also associated with phosphorelation of NFκβ, a molecule when activated can cause the cells to develop survival advantage, resist cell death and resist chemotherapy drugs. Taken together, these data suggest that inactivation of OGDHL, an isoform of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, can contribute to cervical tumorigenesis via activation of the AKT signaling pathway and support the therapeutic potential for this protein. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 84. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-84
Genetic studies on lung tumor susceptibility and histogenesis in mice.
Authors: A M Malkinson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1991)

The probability that a mouse develops a pulmonary tumor, as well as the structure of that tumor, are dependent on several genes. Three pulmonary adenoma susceptibility (pas) genes predispose some inbred strains to develop lung tumors, even in the absence of carcinogen exposure, and cause others to be resistant. One pas gene is K-ras, which may also be overexpressed in these tumors in a mutated form capable of transforming cells. Mice with activated Ha-ras transgenes override the resistant pas alleles and are born with lung cancer. Susceptible strains have a higher turnover rate of alveolar type II and bronchiolar Clara cells, those cells from which lung tumors arise, than more resistant strains. A high precursor cell turnover rate correlates with a propensity to neoplasia in other animal models as well, possibly due to low concentrations of endogenous growth regulatory molecules such as corticosterone and protein kinase C (PKC). Neoplastic lung epithelial cells are relatively resistant to glucocorticoids and have low PKC levels. A set of genes other than the pas genes governs the response to tumor modulation by butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The genes that determine whether lung tumor multiplicity is enhanced by chronic BHT exposure may regulate the ability to hydroxylate BHT at a tert-butyl position to form BHT-OH, a metabolite with greater tumor-promoting potency than BHT. Inbred and recombinant inbred strain variations in adenoma growth patterns indicate that another set of genes, which we have designated pah for pulmonary adenoma histogenesis, may determine which cell type becomes neoplastic and whether adenomas will undergo malignant conversion.
Diagnosis and management of diabetic autonomic neuropathy.
Authors: D J Ewing, B F Clarke
Journal: BMJ (1982)

<b>Background: </b> β-Carboline alkaloids (e.g., harmane) are highly tremorogenic chemicals. Animal protein (meat) is the major dietary source of these alkaloids. The authors previously demonstrated that blood harmane concentrations were elevated in patients with essential tremor (ET) vs controls. Whether this difference is due to greater animal protein consumption by patients or their failure to metabolize harmane is unknown. <b>Objective: </b> The aim of this study was to determine whether patients with ET and controls differ with regard to 1) daily animal protein consumption and 2) the correlation between animal protein consumption and blood harmane concentration. <b>Methods: </b> Data on current diet were collected with a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and daily calories and consumption of animal protein and other food types was calculated. Blood harmane concentrations were log-transformed (logHA). <b>Results: </b> The mean logHA was higher in 106 patients than 161 controls (0.61 ± 0.67 vs 0.43 ± 0.72 g<sup>−10</sup>/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.035). Patients and controls consumed similar amounts of animal protein (50.2 ± 19.6 vs 49.4 ± 19.1 g/day, <i>p</i> = 0.74) and other food types (animal fat, carbohydrates, vegetable fat) and had similar caloric intakes. In controls, logHA was correlated with daily consumption of animal protein (<i>r</i> = 0.24, <i>p</i> = 0.003); in patients, there was no such correlation (<i>r</i> = −0.003, <i>p</i> = 0.98). <b>Conclusions: </b> The similarity between patients and controls in daily animal protein consumption and the absence of the normal correlation between daily animal protein consumption and logHA in patients suggests that another factor (e.g., a metabolic defect) may be increasing blood harmane concentration in patients.
THE USE OF ULTRA-VIOLET RAYS IN DISEASES OF THE NOSE AND THROAT
Authors: A. Eidinow
Journal: BMJ (1929)

Thu BaIn=I 289 of the tranisverse colon, the anastomosis being about three inches in length.The patient has done very well since the operation, the constipation alnd pain beinig appareiltly cured.CASE III.-lecurrczee of Acute Volvulus of the Pclvic Colon in Spite of Colostomy.