tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening: a new paradigm for myocardial preconditioning?
Authors: D Hausenloy
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

We propose that ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and mitochondrial K(ATP) channel activation protect the myocardium by inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening at reperfusion.Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 35 min ischemia/120 min reperfusion and assigned to the following groups: (1) control; (2) IPC of 2x5 min each of preceding global ischemia; (3,4,5) 0.2 micromol/l cyclosporin A (CsA, which inhibits MPTP opening), 5 micromol/l FK506 (which inhibits the phosphatase calcineurin without inhibiting MPTP opening), or 20 micromol/l atractyloside (Atr, a MPTP opener) given at reperfusion; (6,7) pre-treatment with 30 micromol/l diazoxide (Diaz, a mitochondrial K(ATP) channel opener) or 200 nmol/l 2 chloro-N(6)-cyclopentyl-adenosine (CCPA, an adenosine A1 receptor agonist); (8) IPC+Atr; (9) Diaz+Atr; (10) CCPA+Atr. The effect of mitochondrial K(ATP) channel activation on calcium-induced MPTP opening in isolated calcein-loaded mitochondria was also assessed.IPC, CsA when given at reperfusion, and pre-treatment with diazoxide or CCPA all limited infarct size (19.9+/-2.6% in IPC; 24.6+/-1.9% in CsA, 18.0+/-1.7% in Diaz, 20.4+/-3.3% in CCPA vs. 44.7+/-2.0% in control, P<0.0001). Opening the MPTP with atractyloside at reperfusion abolished this cardio-protective effect (47.7+/-1.8% in IPC+Atr, 42.3+/-3.2% in Diaz+Atr, 51.2+/-1.6% in CCPA+Atr). Atractyloside and FK506, given at reperfusion, did not influence infarct size (45.7+/-2.1% in Atr and 43.1+/-3.6% in FK506 vs. 44.7+/-2.0% in control, P=NS). Diazoxide (30 micromol/l) was shown to reduce calcium-induced MPTP opening by 52.5+/-8.0% in calcein-loaded mitochondria. 5-Hydroxydecanoic acid (100 micromol/l) was able to abolish the cardio-protective effects of both diazoxide and IPC.One interpretation of these data is that IPC and mitochondrial K(ATP) channel activation may protect the myocardium by inhibiting MPTP opening at reperfusion.
Autoimmunity in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Characterization of antibodies against the beta 1-adrenoceptor with positive chronotropic effect.
Authors: Y Magnusson, G Wallukat, F Waagstein, A Hjalmarson, J Hoebeke
Journal: Circulation (1994)

BACKGROUND Autoantibodies against the beta 1-adrenoceptor have been detected in the sera of patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The mechanisms by which these autoantibodies can alter normal receptor function are investigated, and the results are interpreted in the light of the beneficial effects of beta 1-blockade in some of these patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Autoantibodies against the beta 1-adrenoceptor, affinity purified from sera of patients with idiopathic DCM, were analyzed in a functional test system of spontaneously beating neonatal rat heart myocytes. Antibodies from rabbits immunized with peptides derived from the amino acid sequence of this receptor were also analyzed. Autoantibodies, against the second extracellular loop increased the beating frequency of isolated myocytes in a concentration-dependent manner, to approximately 80% of maximal isoproterenol stimulation. Rabbit anti-peptide antibodies against the second extracellular loop increased the beating frequency correspondingly. Autoantibodies and rabbit anti-peptide antibodies against the second extracellular loop were able to immunoprecipitate the unliganded receptor but not the antagonist-occupied receptor. In contrast, rabbit antibodies against the extracellular N-terminal sequence 34-57 of the beta 1-adrenoceptor were able to immunoprecipitate both the unliganded and the antagonist-occupied receptor although with no effect on the beating frequency of myocytes. The positive chronotropic effect of the antibodies was completely neutralized both by the addition of increasing concentrations of the beta 1-selective antagonist bisoprolol and by preincubation with the peptide corresponding to the second extracellular loop. The antibody-induced increase in beating frequency remained unchanged for more than 6 hours. This should be compared with the isoproterenol-stimulated beating frequency, which undergoes desensitization within 60 minutes. Addition of isoproterenol to autoantibody-stimulated myocytes resulted in only a small increase in beating frequency and did not cause desensitization. Antibodies had only a marginal effect on cyclic AMP production of stimulated cardiomyocytes compared with the 10-fold increase obtained after stimulation with isoproterenol. CONCLUSIONS The second extracellular loop of the beta 1-adrenoceptor is a specific target for antibodies with stimulatory activity detected in patients with idiopathic DCM. The antibodies have a positive chronotropic effect on isolated rat heart myocytes. Autoantibody stimulation does not cause the normal agonist-induced desensitization phenomena of the effector system. These findings could contribute to our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of the autoantibodies and of the beneficial effect of beta 1-blocking agents in the treatment of patients with idiopathic DCM.
Tenascin expression in basal cell carcinoma
Authors: A.A. VERSTRAETEN, E.J. MACKIE, Ph.C. HAGEMAN, J. HILGERS, D.J. SCHOL, G.J. JONGH, J. SCHALKWJJK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1992)

Tenascin (hexabrachion, cytotactin) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein whose expression is strongly increased in hyperproliferative skin diseases, as shown by immunohistochemistry with polyclonal sera. In this study we describe a new monoclonal antibody (T2H5) against human tenascin. The specificity of T2H5 was validated by sequential immunoprecipitation of tenascin with polyclonal sera. T2H5 was used to analyse the presence of tenascin in basal cell carcinoma. Using Western blotting, at least two forms of tenascin were found, with approximate molecular weights of 210 and 300 kDa. In cultured human skin fibroblasts only the high molecular weight form was found.
Preoperative exercise capacity in symptomatic patients with aortic regurgitation as a predictor of postoperative left ventricular function and long-term prognosis.
Authors: R O Bonow, J S Borer, D R Rosing, W L Henry, A S Pearlman, C L McIntosh, A G Morrow, S E Epstein
Journal: Circulation (1980)

Forty-five symptomatic patients with aortic regurgitation underwent graded treadmill exercise testing before operation. Twenty-seven patients (group A) could not complete stage I of the National Institutes of Health exercise protocol because of limiting symptoms (exercise duration less than or equal to 22.5 minutes); 18 patients (group B) completed this stage without limiting symptoms (exercise duration > 22.5 minutes). Patients in group A had higher resting pulmonary capillary wedge pressures (mean 19 vs 13 mm Hg, p < 0.05) and left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressures (mean 24 vs 16 mm Hg, p < 0.05) than those in group B, but did not differ with respect to LV systolic dimension or fractional shortening by echocardiography or LV ejection fraction at rest or during exercise by radionuclide cineangiography. Among 32 patients with subnormal preoperative LV fractional shortening on echo, nine of 17 in group A and 0 of 15 in group B have died (p < 0.01); seven of the nine deaths were from late congestive heart failure. Group A patients also had less decrease postoperatively in LV diastolic size by echocardiography (mean decrease 8 vs 23 mm, p < 0.001) and less increase postoperatively in LV ejection fraction during exercise by radionuclide cineangiography (mean increase 11% vs 23%, p 0.05) than group B patients. No group A patient and 60% of group B patients had normal exercise ejection fractions postoperatively (p < 0.01). The differences in postoperative mortality and function were not predicted by the differences in preoperative hemodynamics between the two groups. Thus, exercise capacity is imprecise in assessing preoperative LV function in symptomatic patients with aortic regurgitation, but is useful in predicting long-term survival after operation and reversibility of LV dilatation and systolic dysfunction.
Solitary Phalangeal Metastasis of Renal Cell Carcinoma on Bone Scintigram
Authors: Luke I. Sonoda, Mohamed Y. Halim, Kottekkattu K. Balan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2011)

Renal cell carcinoma is known to cause lytic metastasis at various sites including axial and appendicular skeleton. However, it is unusual to find an isolated metastasis of renal cell carcinoma in the distal extremity on bone scintigraphy. A 70-year-old woman with renal cell carcinoma was referred to the Nuclear Medicine Department for a bone scintigram to exclude metastasis. The whole-body planar images were unremarkable, but the local views of the hands demonstrated a solitary metastasis in the middle phalanx of the finger. This rare experience illustrates the need for including local views of extremities in a standard whole-body study.
MANIKINS FOR TEACHING INTRAVENOUS AND INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION TECHNIC
Authors: John H. Stokes
Journal: JAMA (1930)

A fundamental principle for the perfection of a technical procedure or an experimental method is to provide some other subject than man on which the novice may develop adeptness by repetition. At first thought, intravenous and intramuscular injection technic scarcely impresses one as deserving a degree of consideration that would bring them within the scope of this dictum. A number of experiences, however, suggest the contrary. Local accidents, including extensive sloughs, from the subcutaneous injection of alkaline solutions which fail to enter the vein are much too common, even in well organized hospitals. Blood transfusion is too often a needlessly brutal affair. Serious and lasting injury may result from misplaced arsphenamine injections.<sup>1</sup>Serious and prolonged distress from neuritis may follow improper injection of irritants intramuscularly,<sup>2</sup>and embolism which often might have been prevented by attention to a single item in technic may follow entry of a deep vein.
The first generation of e-patients
Authors: Tom Ferguson, Gilles Frydman
Journal: BMJ (2004)

These new medical colleagues could provide sustainable healthcare solutions 

For many citizens of most developed countries, the internet has become a powerful and familiar healthcare tool.1– 3 About half of adults in the United States have looked for health information on the net, making this the third most popular online activity.2 E-patients (we include both those who seek online guidance for their own ailments and the friends and family members who go online on their behalf) report two effects of their online health research—“better health information and services, and different (but not always better) relationships with their doctors.”2 Based on our own observations, the expert opinions of colleagues, a variety of e-patient and provider surveys, and a few more rigorous trials, we offer five tentative conclusions regarding the emerging world of the e-patient.

Firstly, many clinicians have underestimated the benefits and overestimated the risks of online health resources for patients. We agree with Eysenbach that many medical researchers have become so “distracted by focusing on the negative aspects of the internet” that they have overlooked the benefits it provides.1 …
Nonpolio Enterovirus and Human Parechovirus Surveillance—United States, 2006-2008
Authors: Alan Kadish, Jeffrey J. Goldberger
Journal: JAMA (2011)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Fewer young adults are smoking, but more people are obese, shows US survey
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The prevalence of smoking among US adults is holding steady, at about 20%, while the obesity rate has risen despite the fact that more people say they are physically active, a new report has found.

The report was based on data collected from 76 669 household interviews conducted as part of an ongoing survey by the National Center for Health Statistics of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.1

The report, the fifth in a series, focused on five aspects related to health behavior: alcohol use, cigarette smoking, physical activity during leisure time, body mass index, and sleep. These have been targeted by the Healthy People 2020 initiative, a 10 year project launched in 2010 to improve the health of US citizens.

The …
Treatment With Thyroid Hormone-Reply
Authors: David S. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1989)

In Reply.—  Dr Gaby raises several issues that deserve comment.  First, he suggests that desiccated thyroid has medicinal properties beyond those of thyroxine itself, and criticizes my branding desiccated thyroid obsolete. It is ironic that he would consider the large fraction of the iodine in desiccated thyroid existing as diiodotyrosine (or other iodinated compounds) to be an advantage, since such compounds are metabolically inert.1Indeed, one of the main reasons for rejecting desiccated thyroid is its lack of standardization and frequent low hormonal content, which often lead to suboptimal therapy. This can be potentially disastrous, especially in patients with thyroid carcinoma. There is absolutely no evidence that desiccated thyroid alleviates symptoms due to hypothyroidism that are not reversed with pure levothyroxine sodium.  Second, Dr Gaby suggests that problems such as menstrual irregularity and idiopathic edema respond to thyroid hormone therapy, because they may be due to extremely subtle thyroid
Screening and Surveillance for Second Malignant Neoplasms in Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Report From the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Paul Craig Nathan, Kirsten Kimberlie Ness, Martin Christopher Mahoney, Zhenghong Li, Melissa Maria Hudson, Jennifer Sylene Ford, Wendy Landier, Marilyn Stovall, Gregory Thomas Armstrong, Tara Olive Henderson, Leslie L. Robison, Kevin Charles Oeffinger
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2010)

Background: Survivors of childhood cancer may develop a second malignant neoplasm during adulthood and therefore require regular surveillance. Objective: To examine adherence to population cancer screening guidelines by survivors at average risk for a second malignant neoplasm and adherence to cancer surveillance guidelines by survivors at high risk for a second malignant neoplasm. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: The Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS), a 26-center study of long-term survivors of childhood cancer that was diagnosed between 1970 and 1986. Patients: 4329 male and 4018 female survivors of childhood cancer who completed a CCSS questionnaire assessing screening and surveillance for new cases of cancer. Measurements: Patient-reported receipt and timing of mammography, Papanicolaou smear, colonoscopy, or skin examination was categorized as adherent to the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force guidelines for survivors at average risk for breast or cervical cancer or the Children's Oncology Group guidelines for survivors at high risk for breast, colorectal, or skin cancer as a result of cancer therapy. Results: In average-risk female survivors, 2743 of 3392 (80.9%) reported having a Papanicolaou smear within the recommended period, and 140 of 209 (67.0%) reported mammography within the recommended period. In high-risk survivors, rates of recommended mammography among women were only 241 of 522 (46.2%) and the rates of colonoscopy and complete skin examinations among both sexes were 91 of 794 (11.5%) and 1290 of 4850 (26.6%), respectively. Limitations: Data were self-reported. Participants in the CCSS are a selected group of survivors, and their adherence may not be representative of all survivors of childhood cancer. Conclusion: Female survivors at average risk for a second malignant neoplasm show reasonable rates of screening for cervical and breast cancer. However, surveillance for new cases of cancer is very low in survivors at the highest risk for colon, breast, or skin cancer, suggesting that survivors and their physicians need education about their risks and recommended surveillance. Primary Funding Source: The National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, and the American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities.
Dangers of Karate
Authors: Kiyohisa Hirano
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In regard to the letter from Dr. John Cantwell and Dr. James King, Jr. (224:1424, 1973) detailing the unusual posttrauma course of the liver laceration suffered during a karate lesson, we would like to comment. Martial arts have recently become more popular, and, as a result, the number of students has correspondingly increased. We strongly believe that more injuries will follow unless a rather rigid methodical approach to martial arts training and instruction is utilized. The patient cited in the aforementioned letter was injured during her<i>second</i>karate lesson. In no conceivable way should that patient, as a student, have been exchanging blows. Karate, as with all other sports (not only martial arts), is to be practiced gradually, beginning with physical conditioning and basic moves. It is only after the student has progressed through controlled sparring, which may take months of training, that he should attempt free-sparring.
MANAGEMENT OF THE THIRD STAGE OF LABOR
Authors: L. A. CALKINS
Journal: JAMA (1933)

The proper management of the third stage of labor has received comparatively little real investigation either by research workers or by clinicians. Numerous studies of postpartum hemorrhage have been made, and considerable progress toward prevention and improved treatment has resulted. Almost without exception, however, various writers have failed to recognize that a large proportion of all obstetric patients offers the opportunity to prevent moderate hemorrhage. One textbook on obstetrics lists some twenty-five possible causes for postpartum hemorrhage and then goes on to say that a fairly large proportion of cases of hemorrhage does not fall into any one of these twenty-five categories. In other words, hemorrhages can and do occur in the absence of any one of the known causes. Moreover, a comparatively large loss of blood (not enough to be classified as hemorrhage) is frequently passed by without much thought as to its etiology. There can be but one
Phenylbutazone overdosage: abnormal metabolism associated with hepatic and renal damage.
Authors: L F Prescott, J A Critchley, M Balali-Mood
Journal: BMJ (1980)

sterilisation there is a risk of infection.Diabetics commonly keep their syringes in spirit although similar practices have been abandoned in hospital, where sterile instruments are now stored dry.It would seem logical for diabetics to store their syringes-glass or plastic-in the same way.Thirty patients reported by Greenough et a13 used a single plastic syringe, stored dry in a domestic refrigerator, for up to two months without infection.Nevertheless, using a new needle, as these patients did, does not eliminate the risk of infection since the syringe nozzle may become infected when an infected needle is removed.4The ideal solution would be for diabetics to use a new sterilised syringe and needle for each injection.But the bacteriological risk is clearly small and is not the only consideration.It must be balanced against the cost of meeting it.
Carcinogenicity of chlorinated methane and ethane compounds administered in drinking water to mice.
Authors: J E Klaunig, R J Ruch, M A Pereira
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1986)

The chlorinated hydrocarbons chloroform (CHCl3), 1,1-dichlorethane (1,1-DCE) and 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) have been detected in finished drinking water. When administered to B6C3F1 mice by gavage in corn oil, these compounds have been shown to induce hepatic tumors. The present study examines the effect on liver tumor incidence of continuous treatment of CHCl3 (600 mg/L and 1800 mg/L), 1,1-DCE (835 mg/L and 2500 mg/L), and 1,2-DCE (835 mg/L and 2500 mg/L) administered in drinking water to male B6C3F1 mice using a two-stage (initiation/promotion) treatment protocol. Seventy 4-week-old male B6C3F1 mice constituted each treatment group. Of these mice, 35 were initiated by treatment with diethylnitrosamine (DENA) (10 mg/L) in the drinking water for 4 weeks. The remaining 35 received deionized drinking water. Each group was subsequently treated with one of two concentrations of CHCl3, 1,1-DCE, or 1,2-DCE in drinking water for 52 weeks. An additional group received phenobarbital (PB) (500 mg/L) and served as the positive control for liver tumor promotion. Mice were sampled after 24 weeks (10 mice) and 52 weeks (25 mice). At sampling, liver and lung tumors were detected. None of the compounds increased the number or incidence of lung or liver tumors by themselves. PB promoted liver tumor formation (but not lung tumors) in the DENA-initiated mice. 1,1-DCE and 1,2-DCE did not affect the incidence or number of liver or lung tumors in the DENA-initiated animals. CHCl3, however, inhibited liver and lung tumorigenesis in the DENA-initiated mice.