tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interim results of two-year toxicological studies in rats of vinylidene chloride incorporated in the drinking water or administered by repeated inhalation
Authors: L. W. Rampy, J. F. Quast, C. G. Humiston, M. F. Balmer, B. A. Schwetz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1977)

Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to vinylidene chloride (VDC) orally or by inhalation in 2-year toxicological studies. Interim results are included in this report. VDC was given in the drinking water at mean +/- S.D. concentrations of 0, 68 +/- 13, 106 +/- 22, and 220 +/- 35 ppm which produced mean +/- S.D. dosage levels of 0, 5.9 +/- 0.6, 10.0 +/- 1.2, and 19.3 +/- 2.7 mg/kg for male rats and 0, 7.5 +/- 0.4, 12.6 +/- 1.1, and 25.6 +/- 2.4 mg/kg for female rats. Forty-eight rats/sex/VDC level and 80 rats/sex in the control group were used in the 2-year study with an interim kill of an additional 10 rats/sex/level at 90 days. In the inhalation study, rats were exposed to 0, 10, or 40 ppm of VDC vapor 6 hr/day, 5 days/week for 5 weeks, after which the exposure levels were changed to 0, 25, and 75 ppm of VDC. Exposure continued for a total of 18 months and the rats held for observation an additional 6 months. Interim kills occurred at 1, 6 and 12 months. A separate 90-day study using 20 rats/sex/level was conducted at 0, 25, and 75 ppm of VDC vapor. There were 86 rats/sex/level in the 2-year portion of the study. The parameters monitored were: body weight, food and water consumption (drinking water study only), hematology, clinical chemistries, cytogentics of bone marrow cells (inhalation study only), mortality, terminal organ weights, and gross and histopathology. Based on interim kills and gross pathologic observations, the main conclusions are: increased cytoplasmic vacuolation of hepatocytes was seen in the livers of rats given 200 ppm VDC in drinking water or 25 or 75 ppm VDC vapor by inhalation; based on gross tumor count, tumor incidence in VDC-exposed rats was not greater than controls.
Professionalism in Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Lavi Oud
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
After-exercise thermography and prediction of deep vein thrombosis.
Authors: A Lindhagen, D Bergqvist, T Hallbook, B Lindroth
Journal: BMJ (1982)

A total of 112 patients participated in a prospective study of after-exercise thermography as a screening method for predicting risk of postoperative deep venous thrombosis. The fibrinogen-uptake test was used to detect thrombosis after elective surgery. The incidence of the complication showed no significant difference between patients who had had positive and those who had had negative thermograms. Thermography does not seem to be useful for predicting risk of postoperative thrombosis.
The Early History of Surgery for Common-Duct Stones
Authors: James E. McManus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1956)

IN 1884 Tait1 gave the following description of his efforts to extract common-duct stones:It is clear I shall not succeed in this way, and I propose to open the abdomen again, about an inch to the inner side of the gall-bladder, and crush the stone in situ by means of padded forceps applied outside the duct. If a better plan should occur to any of my readers I should be glad to have it, and if it should be practicable and successful, its originator shall have full credit for the suggestion.In the same year, Langenbuch2 suggested "opening" the . . .
<i>JAK2</i>V617F mutation persists in blasts and mature cells of transformed<i>JAK2</i>V617F‐positive‐myeloproliferative neoplasia: A European leukemia net (ENL) study
Authors: Ciro R. Rinaldi, Paola Rinaldi, Marica Gemei, Francesco Grimaldi, Giorgia Battipaglia, Luigi Del Vecchio, Bruno Martino, Giorgina Specchia, Anna Candoni, Luigi Gugliotta, Alessandro M. Vannucchi, Tiziano Barbui, Fabrizio Pane
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2010)

teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers.L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.JAK2V617F mutation persists in blasts and mature cells of transformed-JAK2V617F-positive-myeloproliferative neoplasia: a European Leukemia Net (ENL) study.
Clinical experience in the management of pulmonary opportunist infection and rejection in recipients of heart-lung transplants.
Authors: A R Penketh, T W Higenbottam, J Hutter, C Coutts, S Stewart, J Wallwork
Journal: Thorax (1988)

The main clinical problems that follow heart-lung transplantation are opportunist infections of the lungs and pulmonary rejection. Of 23 patients undergoing heart-lung transplantation, eight had opportunist infections and 12 had at least one episode of pulmonary rejection. Cardiac rejection occurred in only one patient, who did not need treatment. Of the 12 patients who had pulmonary rejection, nine recovered fully after augmented immunosuppression with high dose corticosteroids, although one patient required additional low dose corticosteroids for eight months before making a full recovery. Fatal opportunist lung infection followed treatment for rejection in two patients. One patient developed obliterative bronchiolitis. Of the eight patients with opportunist infections, five had primary cytomegalovirus pneumonitis, acquired from the donor. All three patients treated with acyclovir died, whereas the two treated with hyperimmune globulin and dihydroxy proxymethylguanine recovered fully. Two patients developed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, which was treated successfully in one patient with intravenous sulphadimidine and trimethoprim. The other patient died after a further episode of rejection and aspergillus bronchitis. One patient developed a tuberculous empyema. The calculated actuarial survival at one year was 78% and at two years 67.2%. Although it is still in its innovative stage heart-lung transplantation appears to have complications and results similar to those of transplantation of other organs.
Histiocytosis X. Purified (T6+) cells from bone granuloma produce interleukin 1 and prostaglandin E2 in culture.
Authors: F Arenzana-Seisdedos, S Barbey, J L Virelizier, M Kornprobst, C Nezelof
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

We have investigated the secretory function of cell suspensions from bone eosinophilic granulomas surgically collected in two patients with histiocytosis X. Unseparated cell preparations spontaneously produced interleukin 1 (IL-1) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). In order to ascertain that this secretion was due to the characteristic Langerhans cell-like histiocytosis X cells predominantly found in the bone lesions, we have purified T6+ cells by the use of a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Such highly purified cell preparations were found to secrete IL-1 and PGE2 spontaneously in culture. Stimulation with endotoxins and treatment with interferon gamma (IFN gamma) revealed an intense IL-1 secretory function of histiocytosis X cells. Since both IL-1 and PGE2 are able to induce bone resorption in vitro, our findings are compatible with the hypothesis that histiocytosis X cells are responsible for the typical osteolytic lesion observed in histiocytosis X through the local secretion of these two mediators.
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Prevailing and Evolving Hypotheses about Its Pathogenesis and Implications for Therapy
Authors: Moisés Selman, Talmadge E. King, Annie Pardo
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2001)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive and usually fatal lung disease characterized by fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix remodeling, which result in irreversible distortion of the lung's architecture. Although the pathogenetic mechanisms remain to be determined, the prevailing hypothesis holds that fibrosis is preceded and provoked by a chronic inflammatory process that injures the lung and modulates lung fibrogenesis, leading to the end-stage fibrotic scar. However, there is little evidence that inflammation is prominent in early disease, and it is unclear whether inflammation is relevant to the development of the fibrotic process. Evidence suggests that inflammation does not play a pivotal role. Inflammation is not a prominent histopathologic finding, and epithelial injury in the absence of ongoing inflammation is sufficient to stimulate the development of fibrosis. In addition, the inflammatory response to a lung fibrogenic insult is not necessarily related to the fibrotic response. Clinical measurements of inflammation fail to correlate with stage or outcome, and potent anti-inflammatory therapy does not improve outcome. This review presents a growing body of evidence suggesting that idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis involves abnormal wound healing in response to multiple, microscopic sites of ongoing alveolar epithelial injury and activation associated with the formation of patchy fibroblast–myofibroblast foci, which evolve to fibrosis. Progress in understanding the fibrogenic mechanisms in the lung is likely to yield more effective therapies.
Possible cytogenetic distinction between lymphoid and myeloid blast crisis in chronic granulocytic leukemia
Authors: Jose L. Diez‐Martin, Gordon W. Dewald, Robert V. Pierre
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1988)

Abstract This study consists of 25 patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia in blast crisis (BC) or with acute leukemia who had a Ph 1 chromosome and one or more other chromosome abnormalities and who were investigated by cytochemistry and immunocytochemistry techniques to determine whether the predominant blasts were myeloid or lymphoid. The disorder was myeloid in 15 patients, lymphoid in 8, and mixed in 2. Among the 15 patients with myeloid disorders, 13 (86.6%) had an additional Ph 1 chromosome, i(17q), +8 +19, or some combination of these abnormalities. None of the eight patients with a lymphoid disorder had +8, +19, or i(17q), but one had an additional Ph 1 chromosome. Among the eight patients with lymphoid disorders, two had structural abnormalities of chromosome 7 and two were monosomy 7. None of the patients with myeloid disease had a structurally abnormal chromosome 7, but one was monosomy 7. Our findings suggest that the number of chromosomes in an abnormal clone may be unreliable for distinguishing between lymphoid and myeloid BC. Most patients with myeloid disease had only abnormal metaphases, whereas many patients with lymphoid disorders had both normal and abnormal metaphases. This finding may partially explain why many patients with lymphoid BC respond better to treatment than do those with myeloid BC.
Safety of rush insect venom immunotherapy. The results of a retrospective study in 178 patients
Authors: J. Wenzel, M. Meissner‐Kraemer, R. Bauer, T. Bieber, R. Gerdsen
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Venom immunotherapy (VIT) is regarded as an established and efficient treatment of Hymenoptera venom allergy. Different frequencies of side-effects have been reported in the literature, depending on the hyposensitization regimen (conventional outpatient programme, rush immunotherapy, ultra rush immunotherapy) and the venom preparation. Aim of this study was to evaluate safety and tolerance of rush VIT in patients treated with a 7-day protocol in our department.VIT protocols of 178 patients treated at the Department of Dermatology and Allergy of the University of Bonn were analysed retrospectively. All patients had been treated with a standardized venom preparations (ALK-SQ). We used a modified VIT-protocol with a 2-day break to reduce systemic side-effects.During the course of VIT in 15 patients (8.4%) systemic reactions grade I (Mueller scale) were observed, in seven (3.9%) grade II, in six (3.4%) grade III and in four (2.2%) grade IV. A total of 146 patients (82.1%) had no or only local reactions.The rate of systemic adverse reactions Mueller Grade I-IV of 17.9% of the 'Bonn rush VIT protocol' appears to be relatively low compared with the data in the literature.
Liver histology and follow up of 68 patients with ulcerative colitis and normal liver function tests.
Authors: U Broome, H Glaumann, R Hultcrantz
Journal: Gut (1990)

Hepatobiliary disorders are well known complications in patients with ulcerative colitis but it is not possible to predict those patients with ulcerative colitis who will eventually develop liver disease. In this study, liver biopsies from 74 patients with ulcerative colitis have been reevaluated. None of the patients showed clinical or biochemical signs of liver disease at the time of biopsy. Thirty seven (50%) had a completely normal liver biopsy. The others showed minimal portal inflammation or fatty infiltration. The biopsies of three patients displayed concentric, periductular fibrosis, or so called 9onion skin9 lesions. None showed other signs of fibrosis or cirrhosis. The histological findings were unrelated to either activity or extent of colitis, except for the onion skin lesions which were seen exclusively in biopsies of patients with involvement of the total colon. Sixty eight of the 74 patients were reviewed after a mean interval of 18 years. The majority had no symptoms of hepatobiliary disorders and only two had developed liver disease; one suffered from cryptogenic cirrhosis, possibly due to non-A, non-B hepatitis and the other of an autoimmune liver disease and later developed a bile duct carcinoma. Both were women with total colonic involvement. At the time of the first liver biopsy one showed no histological abnormalities and the other only minor fatty infiltration. Thus, minor abnormalities in liver tissue are common in patients with ulcerative colitis without biochemical evidence of liver disease. The morphological changes are of little help in predicting the future risk of a patient with ulcerative colitis developing a clinically relevant hepatobiliary complication. The absence of biochemical parameters for liver disease during the early years of ulcerative colitis predict a favourable longterm diagnosis as regards hepatobiliary complications.
Lung Microvascular and Arterial Endothelial Cells Differ in Their Responses to Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Ligation
Authors: Qin Wang, Gordon R. Pfeiffer, Troy Stevens, Claire M. Doerschuk
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2002)

Neutrophil adherence to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)–treated human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMECs) induces cytoskeletal changes in endothelial cells that require intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)–dependent signaling events. This study determined whether similar changes occurred in rat PMECs and whether rat pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) responded differently. Neutrophil adherence induced an increase in the formation of F-actin and in the apparent stiffness of TNF-α–treated rat PMECs. These responses, however, were absent in PAECs. To determine the mechanisms underlying these differences, ICAM-1–mediated signaling events were compared. Upregulation of ICAM-1 by TNF-α and redistribution of ICAM-1 induced by cross-linking antibodies were similar in both cell types. However, neutrophil adherence induced production of reactive oxygen species only in PMECs and not in PAECs. Moreover, phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase induced by ICAM-1 cross-linking occurred only in PMECs and not in PAECs. This increase in p38 phosphorylation in PMECs was inhibited by allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor. These data demonstrated that whereas TNF-α upregulated ICAM-1 and ICAM-1 cross-linking induced a similar redistribution of ICAM-1 on the endothelial cell surface, ICAM-1 ligation initiated p38 activation and cytoskeletal rearrangements only in PMECs and not in PAECs. Thus, neutrophil adhesion through ICAM-1 induced signaling events leading to cytoskeletal changes only in PMECs, the site of neutrophil emigration and edema formation, and not in PAECs.
Measurement of Diaphragmatic Blood Flow and Oxygen Consumption in the Dog by the Kety-Schmidt Technique
Authors: Dudley F. Rochester
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

To assess energy expenditure of the diaphragm directly, a method was devised for percutaneous catheterization of the left inferior phrenic vein in dogs. Necropsy studies, including retrograde injection of india ink and measurement of radioactivity in diaphragmatic muscle strips, suggested that the territory drained by the inferior phrenic vein was uniformly perfused, and that there were no major anastomoses between this bed and adjacent ones.
Histocompatibility antigens in patients with alcoholic liver disease in Scotland and northeastern England: failure to show an association.
Authors: P R Mills, R N MacSween, H M Dick, W S Hislop
Journal: Gut (1988)

A study of HLA-A and B antigens in 248 patients with biopsy diagnosed alcoholic liver disease was conducted to examine for a genetic predisposition to alcohol related liver injury. No statistically significant differences were established for 8 HLA-A and 16 HLA-B antigens between normal healthy controls (n = 342) and patients with alcoholic fatty liver (n = 86), alcoholic hepatitis (n = 63), active alcoholic cirrhosis (n = 64) and inactive alcoholic cirrhosis (n = 35). It is concluded that no HLA-A or B locus genetic susceptibility to alcoholic related injury could be shown.
In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of Tumor Growth with 99mTc-EC-DG
Authors: David J. Yang, Naomi Schechter, Saady Kohanim, Ali Azhdarinia, Dong-Fang Yu, Richard Mendez, Chang-sok Oh, Edmund E. Kim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2005)

Scientific Abstracts: Eight Poster Presentations for the 50th Annual Meeting of the Southwestern Chapter of the Society of Nuclear Medicine: PDF Only
Physician, Heal Thyself—Then Aid Abused Women
Authors: Andrew A. Skolnick
Journal: JAMA (1995)

UNFORTUNATELY, there was no shortage of topics for the second annual conference of Physicians for a Violence-Free Society, which met in Washington, DC. The conference,<i>Violence in America: Rx: An Ounce of Prevention</i>, featured speakers who presented research findings and discussed issues concerning a broad range of public health problems related to the epidemic of violence in the United States. Included in the program were discussions on the epidemiology of violence among young perpetrators and victims; the role of alcohol and other drugs in violent behavior; a prospective study of the effects of childhood abuse and neglect on future behavior; a clinical guide to assess dangerousness; and strategies to help healers cope with stress from dealing with the effects of violence. One of the more provocative papers was presented by Carol Warshaw, MD, who challenged physicians to look for obstacles within themselves that stand in the way of providing quality
Prognostic Value of Systemic Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Stephan Fichtlscherer, Susanne Breuer, Andreas M. Zeiher
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Endothelial vasodilator dysfunction may serve as a marker integrating the vascular risk of an individual; however, whether systemic vasodilator function predicts disease progression and cardiovascular event rates in patients with manifest acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is unknown. Methods and Results— In 198 patients with angiographically documented ACS, forearm blood flow (FBF) responses to acetylcholine (ACH; 10 to 50 μg/min) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 2 to 8 μg/min) were measured by venous occlusion plethysmography before hospital discharge within 5 days of an episode of an ACS. Cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke) served as outcome variables over a mean follow-up period of 47.7±15.1 months. Patients who experienced cardiovascular events during follow-up (n=31) had a significantly reduced vasodilator response to ACH ( P &lt;0.05) and SNP ( P &lt;0.05). By multivariate analysis, vasodilator response to ACH and elevated troponin T serum levels were the only significant ( P &lt;0.05) independent predictors of a poor prognosis, even after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, concurrent medication, invasive treatment strategy, and C-reactive protein serum levels. Recovery of endothelium-dependent vasoreactivity as assessed by repeated FBF assessment 8 weeks after the index measurement after the ACS predicted further event-free survival in a subset of 78 patients. Conclusions— Systemic endothelium-dependent vasoreactivity predicts recurrence of instability and cardiovascular event rates in patients with ACS. Furthermore, the recovery of systemic endothelial function is associated with event-free survival. Assessment of systemic vasoreactivity, measured by a minimally invasive test, provides important prognostic information in addition to that derived from traditional risk factor assessment in patients with ACS.
Research Fraud in the Behavioral and Biomedical Sciences
Authors: Michael T. McGuire
Journal: JAMA (1993)

This is a topical book that will take many readers to a new ballpark. David J. Miller, Michel Hersen, and a variety of colleagues provide different perspectives on fraudulent behavior, its causes, and its containment. The problem or issue of fraud is probably as old as human nature. When it occurs in business, the movie industry, politics, or marriage, we often pay little attention. It gets our attention when it has a novel twist. Thus, every decade or so, fraud is rediscovered in new, seemingly immune disciplines or activities, and our ears perk up. In the 1970s, it was childcare centers, international service organizations, car dealerships, and under-the-table payments. In "... every decade or so, fraud is rediscovered in new, seemingly immune disciplines..." the 1980s it was junk bonds, presidential tapes, savings and loan companies, steroids in sports, the church, and medicine. The 1990s appear to be headed into another decade
Correspondence re: M. Leone et al., Cancer Prevention by Tea Polyphenols Is Linked to Their Direct Inhibition of Antiapoptotic Bcl-2-Family Proteins. Cancer Res 2003;63:8118–21.
Authors: Hasan Mukhtar
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

I read with great interest the article by Leone et al. [(1)][1] showing a strong link between the anticancer activities of tea polyphenols and inhibition of Bcl-2 family of proteins, which are implicated in the development of many human malignancies. However, it is disappointing to note that the