tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
OBSERVATIONS UPON THE ACTION OF SALTS ON THE CATALASE OF THE BLOOD IN RABBITS
Authors: M. C. Winternitz, W. B. Rogers
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1910)

Bicarbonate of soda fed in varying quantities over a period of months has no direct effect upon the catalytic activity of the blood. When fed to rabbits, it invariably causes a slight albuminuria and occasional casts. The kidneys of pregnant animals, especially in the later stages of pregnancy, seem to be more susceptible to this salt, and in some instances there may be complete suppression of urine followed by death. In these cases there is a decline in the catalytic activity of the blood similar to that observed in cases of acute nephritis, following the administration of uranium nitrate. The subcutaneous injection of salts is impracticable on account of the slow absorption. In intravenous injections it is important to make observations during the injection and at short intervals after the injection has been discontinued, since there is a rapid compensation on the part of the organism with a return of the normal catalytic activity of the blood. The simple diluting effect brought about by the injection of distilled water into the circulation manifests itself as a slight transitory decrease in the catalytic activity of the blood. This must be taken into consideration when estimating the effect of the injection of solutions of salt upon the catalase of the blood. Salts, such as sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulphate and potassium iodide, acids, such as sulphuric, and alkalies, such as sodium hydrate, cause a definite decrease in the catalytic activity of the blood. This decrease varies directly with the concentration of the salt. The organism compensates rapidly and brings about a return to the normal activity. This compensation becomes less and less complete as larger quantities or repeated infusions are made. For example, twenty cubic centimeters of a five per cent. bicarbonate of soda solution causes a marked fall in the catalytic action of the blood. This is rapidly recovered from in from one to five minutes, and then a much more marked fall in the activity, requiring a longer time for compensation, occurs after the injection of six cubic centimeters of the same solution. It is of interest to note that sodium sulphate and potassium iodide, which have been shown to accelerate the catalytic activity of liver extract in the test-tube, have an inhibiting effect on the action of the blood when injected intravenously. This is only another instance of the dangers to be encountered from the immediate application of test-tube experiments to the living organism. The inhalation of carbon dioxide gas, even until convulsions are manifested, is without effect on the catalytic activity of the blood. On the other hand, there is a definite decline in this activity following the administration of illuminating gas. In this respect our results are directly at variance with those of Jolles.
Increased vasoconstrictor activity of proximal coronary arteries with endothelial damage in intact dogs.
Authors: J M Brum, Q Sufan, G Lane, A A Bove
Journal: Circulation (1984)

In this study we examined the hypothesis that endothelial damage increases proximal coronary arterial vasomotor tone and sensitivity to vasoconstrictor stimulation. The response of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) (% area change) to serotonin and nitroglycerin were examined in eight anesthetized (Innovar + nitrous oxide), closed-chest dogs by means of quantitative coronary angiography. Dose-response curves of percent change in arterial cross-sectional area for three doses of intracoronary serotonin were examined before and after endothelial damage produced by a balloon catheter in the LAD. Endothelial damage was verified by postmortem scanning electron microscopic examination. Intracoronary injection of 133Xe provided coronary flow data. The damaged segment of LAD showed spontaneous vasoconstriction and further constriction in response to serotonin (33 +/- 5% before and 52 +/- 6% area reduction after damage; p less than .05). Nitroglycerin reversed serotonin-induced vasoconstriction in LAD segments without damage but not in the LAD segment with endothelial damage. No significant changes were observed in aortic pressure, and heart rate was kept constant by pacing. Blood flow in the LAD was not affected by endothelial damage itself (control, 2.44 +/- 0.09 ml/min/g; damage, 2.53 +/- 0.22 ml/min/g). Endothelial damage induced spontaneous proximal coronary constriction and diminished the relaxant response to nitroglycerin in the presence of serotonin. These results suggest that focal coronary narrowing that occurs in some patients after provocation with vasoconstrictor agents may be caused by local areas of damaged endothelium.
Occult Cancer in Patients with Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: JOEL M. GORE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

An association between venous thrombosis and cancer was first suggested by Trousseau, and has been confirmed by multiple postmortem studies. Clinical studies have shown that thrombophlebitis migrans may occur before malignancies become clinically evident, and therefore serves as a clue to occult cancer. A relation between occult cancer and the commoner deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism has not been established. We ascertained the incidence of cancer before and after pulmonary embolism was diagnosed by pulmonary angiography in 128 patients. The incidence of cancer before pulmonary embolism (12%) was essentially the same as that in a comparison group of patients without pulmonary embolism (10%). In the 2 years after pulmonary angiography, however, cancer was diagnosed in 13 patients with pulmonary embolism in contrast to no patients in the comparison group (p less than 0.001). The most frequent cancers involved the lung, gastrointestinal tract, breast, and uterus. The malignancies were nearly always occult when pulmonary embolism occurred. These findings indicate that pulmonary embolism with or without overt deep venous thrombosis should alert the clinician to consider occult cancer.
A High-throughput Pharmacoviral Approach Identifies Novel Oncolytic Virus Sensitizers
Authors: Jean-Simon Diallo, Fabrice Le Boeuf, Frances Lai, Julie Cox, Markus Vaha-Koskela, Hesham Abdelbary, Heather MacTavish, Katherine Waite, Theresa Falls, Jenny Wang, Ryan Brown, Jan E Blanchard, Eric D Brown, David H Kirn, John Hiscott, Harry Atkins, Brian D Lichty, John C Bell
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2010)

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are promising anticancer agents but like other cancer monotherapies, the genetic heterogeneity of human malignancies can lead to treatment resistance. We used a virus/cell-based assay to screen diverse chemical libraries to identify small molecules that could act in synergy with OVs to destroy tumor cells that resist viral infection. Several molecules were identified that aid in viral oncolysis, enhancing virus replication and spread as much as 1,000-fold in tumor cells. One of these molecules we named virus-sensitizers 1 (VSe1), was found to target tumor innate immune response and could enhance OV efficacy in animal tumor models and within primary human tumor explants while remaining benign to normal tissues. We believe this is the first example of a virus/cell-based "pharmacoviral" screen aimed to identify small molecules that modulate cellular response to virus infection and enhance oncolytic virotherapy.
Intratumoral Ethanol Injection for Malignant Tracheobronchial Lesions: A New Bronchofiberscopic Procedure
Authors: T. Fujisawa, H. Hongo, Y. Yamaguchi, M. Shiba, C. Kadoyama, Y. Kawano, T. Fukasawa
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

We performed intratumoral ethanol injection via a flexible bronchofiberscope in 13 patients with malignant tracheobronchial lesions in order to evaluate its effects on airway dilatation and hemostasis. The results obtained are described below. Immediately after intratumoral injection of ethanol, bronchofiberscopic findings revealed that the tumor turned faintly white, there was a little regression of tumor, and a promising effect was demonstrated on patients with bleeding from tumors. The injected tumor turned necrotic within several days, and histological examination revealed no viable tumor cells in necrotic tissues. The histological anti-tumor effect of ethanol was also demonstrated in experiments with nude mice. This endoscopic treatment was very effective in polypoid tumor protruding into the tracheobronchial lumen, but ineffective in the case of compressed stenosis or obstruction. In conclusion, intratumoral injection of ethanol is considered to be a promising endoscopic treatment for malignant tracheobronchial lesions.
Biological Variation in HbA1c Predicts Risk of Retinopathy and Nephropathy in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Stuart A. Chalew, James M. Hempe, Robert J. McCarter
Journal: Diabetes Care (2005)

Genuth, Lachin, and Nathan (1) pose several questions regarding the methodology and conclusions of our recent report (2). We are responding in order to clarify the validity of our approach, results, and conclusions regarding the important relationship between biological variation (BV) in HbA1c and mean blood glucose (MBG) and the development of microvascular complications of diabetes.

A key consideration in our hypothesis is the existence of consistent between-patient directional differences over time in HbA1c not accounted for by the associated MBG levels (2). BV in biochemical metabolites is a well-recognized phenomenon in clinical chemistry (3). BV in HbA1c levels has been reported in individuals without diabetes (4), where MBG has little impact on HbA1c levels. In patients with diabetes, the strong correlation between HbA1c and MBG must be taken into account when assessing the impact of BV on HbA1c levels. The hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) was devised for this purpose (2,5). We have used the HGI to demonstrate the presence of directional BV in HbA1c in longitudinal data from patients with diabetes in our own clinic population (5) as well as participants in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) (2). In repeated measures obtained over the course of both studies, we found that large numbers of patients had consistently nonrandom, large positive or negative deviations (high or low HGIs, respectively) of their observed HbA1c …
DNA viruses in the pathogenesis of sporadic chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction.
Authors: H S Debinski, M A Kamm, I C Talbot, G Khan, H O Kangro, D J Jeffries
Journal: Gut (1997)

BACKGROUND: Hereditary forms of chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIIP) are well described but the aetiology of most cases of sporadic CIIP is unknown. AIM: To determines whether herpes viruses can persist in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby implicating them in the pathogenesis of CIIP. METHODS: Twenty one specimens of small and large intestine from 13 patients with CIIP (eight visceral myopathy, three visceral neuropathy, two undifferentiated), and 12 patients operated on for colorectal cancer (controls) were examined for evidence of Herpesvirus DNA (cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus type 1, and varicella zoster virus) by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ DNA hybridisation (ISH) to localise signal to the muscularis propria or myenteric plexus. RESULTS: Screening with nested PCR produced three patients with positive results. One patient with an inflammatory visceral neuropathy had EBV detected in the small intestine by PCR, and ISH demonstrated localisation to neurones in the myenteric plexus. A patient with a visceral myopathy had EBV DNA in both the small and large intestine; and one patient with a visceral neuropathy had small intestine positive for CMV DNA (both negative by ISH). No control tissue was positive for any virus. CONCLUSIONS: In individual patients there appears to be evidence linking a viral aetiology to sporadic CIIP. The role of neurotropic viruses in acute and chronic motility disturbances needs further study.
Sustained E2 antibody response correlates with reduced peak viremia after hepatitis C virus infection in the chimpanzee
Authors: Jin‐Won Youn, Su‐Hyung Park, Dimitri Lavillette, Francois‐Loic Cosset, Se‐Hwan Yang, Chang Geun Lee, Hyun‐Tak Jin, Chang‐Min Kim, Mohamed Tarek M. Shata, Dong‐Hun Lee, Wolfram Pfahler, Alfred M. Prince, Young Chul Sung
Journal: Hepatology (2005)

Immune correlates of protection against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are not well understood. Here we investigated 2 naive and 6 immunized chimpanzees before and after intravenous challenge, 12 weeks after the last immunization, with 100 50% chimpanzee infectious doses (CID50) of heterologous genotype 1b HCV. Vaccination with recombinant DNA and adenovirus vaccines expressing HCV core, E1E2, and NS3-5 genes induced long-term HCV-specific antibody and T-cell responses and reduced peak viral load about 100 times compared with controls (5.91 ± 0.38 vs. 3.81 ± 0.71 logs, respectively). There was a statistically significant inverse correlation between peak viral loads and envelope glycoprotein 2 (E2)-specific antibody responses at the time of challenge. Interestingly, one vaccinee that had sterilizing immunity against slightly heterologous virus generated the highest level of E2-specific total and neutralizing antibody responses as well as strong NS3/NS5-specific T-cell proliferative responses. The other four vaccinees with low levels of E2-specific antibody had about 44-fold reduced peak viral loads but eventually developed persistent infections. In conclusion, vaccine-induced E2-specific antibody plays an important role in prevention from nonhomologous virus infection and may provide new insight into the development of an effective HCV vaccine. (HEPATOLOGY 2005;42:1429–1436.)
Heinemann Medical Dictionary
Authors: John H. Dirckx
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The compilers of this dictionary set out with the novel and laudable aim of listing only terms that have appeared in textbooks and journals published since 1980 and of excluding those that are already known to the majority of physicians. They have achieved an exemplary conciseness in their definitions, partly by omitting superfluous words and partly by a lavish use of abbreviations. Some entries, however, are not especially enlightening ("<b>cholesterol</b>the original steroid"), some are bewilderingly bald ("<b>miryachit</b>Russian form of compulsive mimicry"), and some are not definitions at all ("<b>papillopathy</b>usu. refers to optic disc"). Numerous Greek and Latin stems and affixes are also defined or explained. (One wonders what is the use of an entry such as<b>"glomerulo-</b>of renal glomerulus" when<i>glomerulus</i>itself is not defined.) Brief notes in square brackets at the end of many entries trace etymologies, identify eponyms, and give dates of the first
Phase I trial of recombinant adenovirus gene transfer in lung cancer. Longitudinal study of the immune responses to transgene and viral products.
Authors: H Gahéry-Ségard, V Molinier-Frenkel, C Le Boulaire, P Saulnier, P Opolon, R Lengagne, E Gautier, A Le Cesne, L Zitvogel, A Venet, C Schatz, M Courtney, T Le Chevalier, T Tursz, J G Guillet, F Farace
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Animal studies indicate that the use of replication-deficient adenovirus for human gene therapy is limited by host antivector immune responses that result in transient recombinant protein expression and blocking of gene transfer when rechallenged. Therefore, we have examined immune responses to an adenoviral vector and to the beta-galactosidase protein in four patients with lung cancer given a single intratumor injection of 10(9) plaque-forming units of recombinant adenovirus. The beta-galactosidase protein was expressed in day-8 tumor biopsies from all patients at variable levels. Recombinant virus DNA was detected by PCR in day-30 and day-60 tumor biopsies from all patients except patient 1. A high level of neutralizing antiadenovirus antibodies was detected in patient 1 before Ad-beta-gal injection whereas it was low (patient 3) or undetectable in the other two patients. All patients developed potent CD4 type 1 helper T cell (Th1) responses to adenoviral particles which increased gradually over time after injection. Antiadenovirus cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses were consistently boosted in the two patients examined (patients 3 and 4). Sustained production of anti-beta-galactosidase IgG was observed in all patients except patient 1. Consistent with anti-beta-gal antibody production, all patients except patient 1 developed intense, dose-dependent Th1 responses to soluble beta-galactosidase which increased over time. Strong beta-galactosidase-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses were detected in patients 2, 3, and 4. Our results clearly show that despite the intensity of antiadenovirus responses, transgene protein expression was sufficient to induce strong and prolonged immunity in three patients. Recombinant adenovirus injected directly into the tumor is a highly efficient vector for immunizing patients against the transgene protein.
Paying hospitals for better performance saves lives, study says
Authors: Janice Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2006)

If 75 000 US patients who had had pneumonia or a heart bypass had received most of an evidence based set of care measures in 2004, healthcare costs would have been as much as $1bn (£0.54bn; €0.78bn) lower and 3000 more patients would have lived. There would have been 6000 fewer complications, 6000 fewer readmissions to hospital, and 500 000 fewer days in hospital.

The report comes from the Health Quality Incentive Demonstration project, a “pay for performance” study by the Premier healthcare alliance of 1500 not-for-profit hospitals and the US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. The centers pay for care for elderly and poor people and for some children. The study's results were presented at a meeting in Orlando, Florida, on 20 June.

However, measures of …
VISUAL STANDARDS OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY
Authors: WILLIAM H. WILDER
Journal: JAMA (1918)

The visual requirements for the soldier of the United States Army were formerly normal vision, or 20/20. Investigations of Bannister and Shaw tended to show that with a vision of 20/40 or even 20/70 a clear enough vision of the bull's eye of a target could be obtained to enable the soldier to shoot with a fair degree of accuracy, and that if one eye possessed 20/40, this was sufficient. As a result of these investigations the requirements of vision in the Army were changed so as to read: 1. For the line of the Army and for the Signal Corps: 20/40 for the better eye and 20/100 for the poorer eye, provided that no organic disease exsits in either eye. Recruits may be accepted for the line of the Army when unable with the better eye to correctly read all of the letters on the 20/40 line, provided they
Diet and the risk of cancer
Authors: Tim Key
Journal: BMJ (2007)

New report shows obesity and alcohol are the strongest risk factors

This week, the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) launches its second report on diet and cancer through simultaneous conferences in London and Washington. Entitled Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer , the report updates the previous publication from the charity. It is the culmination of five years' work by scientists in nine universities from four countries who have assessed the original research according to a specially developed standardised review protocol.1

The possible influence of diet on the risk of cancer is constantly topical. The subject is important because people can change their diets, and even a moderate effect on risk could prevent several thousand cancers each year in a country the size of the United Kingdom. However, apart from the confirmed adverse effects of alcohol and obesity on the risk for some types of cancer,2 3 4 5 progress in understanding has been slow and the evidence remains confusing.

The conclusions in the WCRF report about the effects of obesity and alcohol are similar to those reached by other expert consultations.1 2 3 4 5 Obesity increases the risk of cancer of the oesophagus, colorectum, pancreas, breast, endometrium, and kidney. The report's public health goal for obesity is for the median body mass …
REPORT OF A PECULIAR CASE OF MALFORMATION OF THE JAWS, AND THE TREATMENT.
Authors: W. W. ALLPORT
Journal: JAMA (1884)

improvement, but in the long run it is progressive to complete blindness.Pain not proportioned to the failure of sight, but rather to the suddenness of the attack, varying in intensity from none, or that which occasions no complaint, to that which persons of great fortitude cannot endure in silence.It is usually centered in the eye, but when severe, may also be referred to neighboring parts, and its origin may be masked by the accompanying prostration, vertigo, nausea, or vomiting.Ancesthesia of the cornea, not often mentioned by the patient, but to be discovered by touching it with a bit of thread.
Long-term pathologic consequences of acute irritant-induced asthma
Authors: Naoya Takeda, Karim Maghni, Sylvie Daigle, Jocelyne L'Archevêque, Lucero Castellanos, Wisam Al-Ramli, Jean-Luc Malo, Qutayba Hamid
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
903. Re-Administration of Recombinant AAV2 and AAV5 in the Brain
Authors: Sharon K. Reimsnider, Fredric P. Manfredsson, Corinna Burger, Nicholas Muzczyka, Ronald J. Mandel
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Adeno-associated virus has been extensively examined as a vector for gene delivery. Unlike adenovirus or herpes virus administration, there is little immune response systemically, and within the central nervous system the immune response is negligible. rAAV2 has been the prototype vector and is the most common vector studied. It has proven to be an efficient and reliable vector, however as much as 80% of the human population has antibodies to this serotype, with many having neutralizing antibodies. The AAV2 vector uncoats slowly and the presence of the capsid may lead to an immune response. Previous research has examined administration of rAAV2 after exposure to wild-type AAV2 or rAAV2. These studies revealed that re-administration of rAAV2 results in a decrease (or abolition) of transduced neurons by rAAV2. Many new serotypes of AAV have been discovered and examined in the past few years. It has been shown that AAV5 uncoats faster than AAV2 and this may make it possible for the vector to escape a prolonged exposure to the immune system, making it less likely that the immune system will be primed. Alternately, GFP is also immunogenic and re-administration of rAAV2 carrying GDNF does not result in decreased transduction, revealing that immune response may depend on the gene product being produced. Therefore it is important to determine whether the capsid is triggering an immune response or is GFP the immunogen. This study was designed to examine the number of striatal neurons transduced after administration of rAAV2-GFP or rAAV5-GFP and re-administration of either vector. Preliminary results indicate that re-administration of the rAAV5 vector does not lead to loss of transduction and may be a viable option when re-administration is necessary. Preliminary results indicate that the immune response is directed at the capsid, and not the GFP.
Bortezomib induction, reduced-intensity transplantation, and lenalidomide consolidation-maintenance for myeloma: updated results
Authors: Francesca Gay, Valeria Magarotto, Claudia Crippa, Norbert Pescosta, Tommasina Guglielmelli, Federica Cavallo, Sara Pezzatti, Samantha Ferrari, Anna Marina Liberati, Stefania Oliva, Francesca Patriarca, Massimo Offidani, Paola Omedé, Vittorio Montefusco, Maria Teresa Petrucci, Nicola Giuliani, Roberto Passera, Giuseppe Pietrantuono, Mario Boccadoro, Paolo Corradini, Antonio Palumbo
Journal: Blood (2013)
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF DOBUTAMINE STRESS CARDIOVASCULAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
Authors: Sebastian Kelle, Rolf Gebker, Amedeo Chiribiri, Juliane Vierecke, Christina Egnell, Ernst Wellnhofer, Christoph Klein, Eckart Fleck
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)