tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Measurement of cutaneous inflammatory reactions using a scanning laser-Doppler velocimeter
Authors: A. G. QUINN, JANET MCLELLAND, T. ESSEX, P. M. FARR
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

The performance of a new scanning laser-Doppler velocimeter (LDV), which can rapidly measure blood flux over a large area of skin without contact with the skin surface, was compared with that of a conventional laser-Doppler instrument. The vascular response was measured to a range of doses of UVB, and dilutions of contact allergens and sodium lauryl sulphate. The detection threshold of the scanning LDV was equal to, or lower than, that of the conventional instrument. For allergic contact hypersensitivity reactions (ACH), the coefficient of variation was significantly less using the scanning LDV. The scanning LDV allowed accurate measurement of the change in area that occurs with increasing intensity of inflammatory reaction. For ACH reactions the area of inflammation continued to increase at dilutions where blood flux had reached a plateau. The flare area was found to increase linearly with log dose of histamine with no change in blood flux.
The Long-Term Multicenter Observational Study of Dabigatran Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation (RELY-ABLE) Study
Authors: Stuart J. Connolly, Lars Wallentin, Michael D. Ezekowitz, John Eikelboom, Jonas Oldgren, Paul A. Reilly, Martina Brueckmann, Janice Pogue, Marco Alings, John V. Amerena, Alvaro Avezum, Iris Baumgartner, Andrzej J. Budaj, Jyh-Hong Chen, Antonio L. Dans, Harald Darius, Giuseppe Di Pasquale, Jorge Ferreira, Greg C. Flaker, Marcus D. Flather, Maria Grazia Franzosi, Sergey P. Golitsyn, David A. Halon, Hein Heidbuchel, Stefan H. Hohnloser, Kurt Huber, Petr Jansky, Gabriel Kamensky, Matyas Keltai, Sung Soon Kim, Chu-Pak Lau, Jean-Yves Le Heuzey, Basil S. Lewis, Lisheng Liu, John Nanas, Razali Omar, Prem Pais, Knud E. Pedersen, Leopoldo S. Piegas, Dimitar Raev, Pal J. Smith, Mario Talajic, Ru San Tan, Supachai Tanomsup, Lauri Toivonen, Dragos Vinereanu, Denis Xavier, Jun Zhu, Susan Q. Wang, Christine O. Duffy, Ellison Themeles, Salim Yusuf
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— During follow-up of between 1 and 3 years in the Randomized Evaluation of Long-term Anticoagulation Therapy (RE-LY) trial, 2 doses of dabigatran etexilate were shown to be effective and safe for the prevention of stroke or systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. There is a need for longer-term follow-up of patients on dabigatran and for further data comparing the 2 dabigatran doses. Methods and Results— Patients randomly assigned to dabigatran in RE-LY were eligible for the Long-term Multicenter Extension of Dabigatran Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (RELY-ABLE) trial if they had not permanently discontinued study medication at the time of their final RE-LY study visit. Enrolled patients continued to receive the double-blind dabigatran dose received in RE-LY, for up to 28 months of follow up after RE-LY (median follow-up, 2.3 years). There were 5851 patients enrolled, representing 48% of patients originally randomly assigned to receive dabigatran in RE-LY and 86% of RELY-ABLE–eligible patients. Rates of stroke or systemic embolism were 1.46% and 1.60%/y on dabigatran 150 and 110 mg twice daily, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.69–1.20). Rates of major hemorrhage were 3.74% and 2.99%/y on dabigatran 150 and 110 mg (hazard ratio, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.53). Rates of death were 3.02% and 3.10%/y (hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.80–1.19). Rates of hemorrhagic stroke were 0.13% and 0.14%/y. Conclusions— During 2.3 years of continued treatment with dabigatran after RE-LY, there was a higher rate of major bleeding with dabigatran 150 mg twice daily in comparison with 110 mg, and similar rates of stroke and death. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00808067.
Tolerance To Cyclooxigenase-2 Selective Inhibitors (etoricoxib) In Patients With Urticaria And Angioedema With Cross Intolerance To Non Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (nsaids)
Authors: F. Gomez, I. Doña, N. Blanca-Lopez, M.J. Torres, C. Rondon, G. Canto, M. Blanca
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2010)
Conservative surgery for bleeding peptic ulcer.
Authors: R. K. Carruthers, G. R. Giles, C. G. Clark, J. C. Goligher
Journal: BMJ (1967)

3leeding peptic ulcer accounts for 80 to 85 ! ; ; of hospital admissions for gastrointestinal haemorrhage (Tanner, 1954 Avery Jones, 1957; Aird, 1957).Improved supportive therapy and greater co-operation between physicians and surgeons have lowered the mortality in this condition.Mortality is influenced by the age of the patient, the severity of the bleeding, and the site of the ulcer.Patients over the age of 50 who continue to bleed may die unless treated surgically (Avery Jones, 1947).Chinn, Littell, Badger, and Beams (1956) found that patients 'inder 50 had a mortality of 6% for duodenal ulcer compared with 22% for gastric ulcer, and in those over 50 the mortality ,vas 14% and 48% respectively.On the other hand, Coghill and Willocx (1960) reported a mortality of 23% after emer- zency surgery for duodenal ulcer.Partial gastrectomy has been the operation most frequently mployed, and in selected cases the mortality has been as low is 5% (Ogilvie, Cardoe, and Bentley, 1952).Variations in the reported mortality can be accounted for by differences in the cases studied.The average mortality in patients with moderate ro severe haemorrhage from all types of ulcer treated by partial gastrectomy is probably nearer 15 % (Ward-McQuaid, Pease, Smith, and Twort, 1960).Smith and Farris (1958) suggested that this might be reduced by a more conservative operation in duodenal ulcer consisting in direct suture of the bleeding vessel with vagotomy and a gastric drainage procedure.We have adopted this technique where circumstances seemed appropriate, and our experience of the surgical management of bleeding peptic ulcer is recorded. Methods and ResultsDuring 1960-5 117 patients with haemorrhage from peptic ulcer were treated by emergency operation.They were referred from several physicians and the criteria for surgical referral varied widely.The majority of them, however, were operated on without delay, although during this period three others died after consultation but before surgery could be performed.Five patients had haemorrhage from stomal ulceration-three after partial gastrectomy and two after gastroenterostomy; all were treated by vagotomy and gastric resection and there were no deaths.They have been excluded from further considera- tion.Of the remaining 112 patients 62 were treated in Aberdeen Royal Infirmary and 50 in the Professorial Surgical Unit in Leeds.There were 78 males and 34 females, whose ages ranged from 20 to 88 years.Haemorrhage resulted from acute erosions in 13 patients, from duodenal ulcer in 79, and from gastric ulcer in 20.In six of the latter there was an associated duodenal ulcer.
Thrombocytopenic purpura with giant platelets and ultrastructural platelet defects
Authors: Gilberto J. Vizcaíno, Maria Diez‐Ewald
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1983)

Abstract The case of a patient with thrombocytopenia and giant platelets is presented. Platelet function tests including bleeding time, aggregation, availability of PF 3 , and serotonin uptake and release were abnormal. A bone marrow aspirate showed megakaryocytes that while not increased in number, were young in appearance. Electron microscopy of platelets revealed a dilated surface‐connecting canalicular system and a prominent membrane complex. No similar findings were encountered among the patient's relatives. The various diagnostic possibilities in this patient are discussed.
Radiologic Technic for Qualitative and Quantitative Study of Blood Flow
Authors: CHARLES T. DOTTER, LOUIS H. FRISCHE
Journal: Circulation (1958)

This preliminary report deals with the direct radiographic study of discrete, relatively small spots of artificial radiopacity during their passage through the cardiovascular structures and offers a new and promising technic for studying the motion of blood. As used here, motion refers to movement of and within the blood stream. So defined, it is fundamental to the subject-matter of hemodynamics. Continuing studies are focused upon two major hemodynamic parameters: 1. The velocity, acceleration and deceleration of circulating blood. Through appropriate specialized radiographic technics, it is possible to measure the movement of blood as a function of time. Observations may be completed in 1 msec., repeated in rapid sequence and made simultaneously at many different points within the cardiovascular system. 2. Flow characteristics of circulating blood. The graphic study of flow patterns at multiple points within the blood stream can be carried out simultaneously with blood velocity observations. By analogy, in this technic the blood vessels and chambers of the heart serve as wind tunnels; the blood is the wind, the spots of opacity are smoke tracers and the myocardium is the source of power. The results of extensive experimental studies indicate that the above goals are achievable and warrant the considerable effort and costs involved. It is hoped that this preliminary report will encourage others to explore the possibilities of the method and thereby hasten its perfection.
The Permanent Artificial Heart
Authors: John B. Dillon
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.—  I would concur that an artificial heart 1 might be useful in certain cases as an emergency device for a patient awaiting a transplant. However, I am bothered by the cavalier treatment of costs. Disregarding the developmental costs, which are a tax write-off, I believe we should know the costs of the preoperative workup, the operation, the first two weeks after operation, the daily maintenance, the laboratory tests, and the burden on the family. I would suspect that such costs would approximate half a million dollars or more.  I was concerned by this statement on page 858: It is also clear that the total artificial heart is feasible and practical and durable and offers life to those who would not otherwise be able to continue living. The inference in this statement is that it will become as common as dialysis and available to as many people and
C-C motif chemokine CCL3 and canonical neutrophil attractants promote neutrophil extravasation through common and distinct mechanisms
Authors: Christoph A. Reichel, Daniel Puhr-Westerheide, Gabriele Zuchtriegel, Bernd Uhl, Nina Berberich, Stefan Zahler, Matthias P. Wymann, Bruno Luckow, Fritz Krombach
Journal: Blood (2012)
Renal Cell Carcinoma and Erythropoietin
Authors: Jonathan Rubins
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters1 November 1995Renal Cell Carcinoma and ErythropoietinJonathan Rubins, MDJonathan Rubins, MDF.F. Thompson Hospital; Canandaigua, NY 14424Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-9-199511010-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:As Dr. Sungur states, there are substantial differences between the clinical features of his patient and mine. My patient had a complete remission of bulky tumor in apparent response to exogenous erythropoietin [1]. Even if the patients were similar, however, differences in response would not be surprising. In tumors with well-established hormone sensitivity, such as breast cancer, only some patients respond to hormone therapy, even among women with a favorable estrogen receptor profile. Another possible explanation for variation in response is a difference in dosage. Dr. Sungur's patient first received a maximum dose of 12 000 U/wk for ...References1. Rubins J. Metastatic renal cell carcinoma: response to treatment with human recombinant erythropoeitin. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:676-7. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: F.F. Thompson Hospital; Canandaigua, NY 14424 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1995Volume 123, Issue 9Page: 733KeywordsBody weightBreast cancerErythropoietinEstrogensHormonal therapyHormonesPilot studiesRenal cell carcinoma Issue Published: 1 November 1995 CopyrightCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Molecular and functional properties of somatostatin receptor subtypes
Authors: George Liapakis, Melanie Tallent, Terry Reisine
Journal: Metabolism (1996)

Identification of the ligand binding domains of the somatostatin (SRIF) receptors may facilitate the rational development of new SRIF ligands.To identify ligand-binding domains of SStl and sst2, we tested a series of chimeras.Using site-directed mutagenesis, we found that to bind with high affinity to sst2, the sst2 agonists MK678 and SMS-201.995require a four amino acid sequence (FDFV} at the border of the third extracellular loop and transmembrane 7. Transference of residue 294 in msst2 to SStl conferred onto sstl the ability to bind SMS-201-995 and other octapeptides.Cyclic peptides with a phenylalanine adjacent to the o-Trp appear to interact with Phe TM of sstz, whereas hexapeptides with a tyrosine adjacent to the D-Trp, such as MK 678 and BIM 23027, did not interact with the Phe 294.We have recently identified a peptide that selectively binds to human (h)sstl with 100-fold higher affinity than for the other cloned SRIF receptor subtypes.The second extracellular loop of sstl is critical for this peptide to bind.This contrasts with the sites involved in binding of sst2 agonists and indicates that the two receptors have distinct ligand-binding domains.G proteins couple SRIF receptors to multiple cellular effector systems, including adenylyl cyclase and ionic conductance channels.A critical cellular action of SRIF is the inhibition of Ca :z+ influx, which may be responsible for its blockade of hormone and neurotransmitter release.Various studies suggest that both sst2 and ssts endogenously expressed in AtT-20 cells can couple to L-type Ca 2+ channels; the coupling was pertussis toxin-sensitive.The coupling of sst2 to the Ca 2÷ channels was relatively resistant to desensitisation; 5 hours of pretreatment with MK 678 did not attenuate MK 678 inhibition of the Ca 2÷ current.In contrast, the sst5 receptors were desensitised by I hour of pretreatment with BIM 23052.Thus, the coupling of the two receptors to the Ca 2+ channel could be differentially regulated.The SRIF receptor subtype coupling to the Ca 2+ channel could also be distinguished by a unique antagonist, the peptide L362,855, which binds with high affinity to cloned ssts.
Prevention of Alcoholism
Authors: Roger J. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1967)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> In the answer of Maurice Seevers, MD, to a question on glutamine and "How Not to Become an Alcoholic" (<b>200</b>:425, 1967) there was some confusion with respect to L-glutamine (this is its correct name). Some physicians have used L-glutavite for alcoholism in lieu of L-glutamine, and have obtained negative results. L-glutavite contains no L-glutamine. The term "levoglutamide" which Dr. Seevers introduced is in error. L-glutamine is a member of the L-series of amino acids, but the capital L should not be thought of as designating levo. L-glutamine in water solution is<i>dextrorotatory</i>. The article in question was not, as implied, on the<i>management</i>of alcoholism but rather on its prevention. Dr. Seevers is right in saying that L-glutamine has not an established record of efficacy. It has been tried in relatively few cases, some of which have yielded extremely suggestive results. There is not room here
Government Studies of Physician-Owned Laboratories
Authors: James W. Wiggs
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the article by Rowland and Biles,<sup>1</sup>"studies" are cited in support of the idea that "physicians with ownership interests ordered 45% more laboratory services than physicians without such interests," with "another study finding even higher rates." It turns out that both of these were not studies, but testimonies, the first of Richard P. Kusserow, Inspector General of the US Department of Health and Human Services, and another the testimony of M. Zimmerman from the US General Accounting Office. Both of these "studies" are in fact testimonies by agents of the federal government who may be adversarial to physicians. The usual questions about control groups, frequency of ordering, purpose of ordering, intensity of illness, isolation of providers, and so on, all deserve to be answered, and none of these can be answered with regard to the so-called studies. They are simply one more pirouette in the
A New-Generation Ultra-Long-Acting Basal Insulin With a Bolus Boost Compared With Insulin Glargine in Insulin-Naïve People With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Tim Heise, Cees J. Tack, Robert Cuddihy, Jaime Davidson, Didier Gouet, Andreas Liebl, Enrique Romero, Henriette Mersebach, Patrik Dykiel, Rolf Jorde
Journal: Diabetes Care (2011)

Insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDegAsp) is a soluble coformulation of the novel basal analog insulin degludec (IDeg: 70%) and insulin aspart (IAsp: 30%). We compared the safety and efficacy of IDegAsp, an alternative formulation (AF) (55% IDeg and 45% IAsp), and insulin glargine (IGlar) in insulin-naïve subjects with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with oral antidiabetic drugs.In this 16-week, open-label trial, subjects (mean age 59.1 years, A1C 8.5%, BMI 30.3 kg/m(2)) were randomized to once-daily IDegAsp (n = 59), AF (n = 59), or IGlar (n = 60), all in combination with metformin. Insulin was administered before the evening meal and dose-titrated to a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) target of 4.0-6.0 mmol/L.After 16 weeks, mean A1C decreased in all groups to comparable levels (IDegAsp: 7.0%; AF: 7.2%; IGlar: 7.1%). A similar proportion of subjects achieved A1C <7.0% without confirmed hypoglycemia in the last 4 weeks of treatment (IDegAsp: 51%; AF: 47%; IGlar: 50%). Mean 2-h postdinner plasma glucose increase was lower for IDegAsp (0.13 mmol/L) and AF (0.24 mmol/L) than IGlar (1.63 mmol/L), whereas mean FPG was similar (IDegAsp: 6.8 mmol/L; AF: 7.4 mmol/L; IGlar: 7.0 mmol/L). Hypoglycemia rates were lower for IDegAsp and IGlar than AF (1.2, 0.7, and 2.4 events/patient year). Nocturnal hypoglycemic events occurred rarely for IDegAsp (1 event) and IGlar (3 events) compared with AF (27 events).In this proof-of-concept trial, once-daily IDegAsp was safe, well tolerated, and provided comparable overall glycemic control to IGlar at similar low rates of hypoglycemia, but better postdinner plasma glucose control.
Renal-Function Studies in Polycystic Disease of the Kidneys
Authors: Neal S. Bricker, John F. Patton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

IN recent years surgical decompression of the polycystic kidney has been advocated as a means of improving renal function.1 The several forms of decompressive surgery have had as a common aim increasing the functional capacity of the involved kidney by diminishing the potentially harmful pressure exerted by expanding cysts. To date, observations of the results of decompressive surgery are incomplete, and the available data do not permit a definitive evaluation of the physiologic effects of the procedure. The present study, designed to contribute to such an evaluation, includes serial renal-function studies on 4 patients with bilateral polycystic disease of the . . .
Abraham (“Abs”) Cohen
Authors: Bernard Cohen, Howard Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Rheumatologist who bridged the gaps between cardiology, rheumatology, and herbal medicine John Cosh had many interests in clinical medicine but his main contributions were his long term studies of the effects of rheumatoid arthritis, co-discovery of the genes associated with rheumatoid arthritis, and his work on the benefits of herbal medicines.In 1973, with R K Jacoby and M I Jayson, he published an 11 year follow-up of 100 patients newly diagnosed as having rheumatoid arthritis (BMJ 1973;2(5858): 96-100) and followed them for a further 30 years, showing that rheumatoid arthritis is a progressive disease impairing function for decades after onset.By 2004 eight of the sample were severely disabled with rheumatoid arthritis, three were less disabled, and only five had normal functioning.Of the 84 who died, median survival was reduced by 10 to 11 years, and the leading cause of death was heart disease.In 1986 he published, with other rheumatologists, a study that showed the association of rheumatoid arthritis with several human lymphocyte antigens; the associations were stronger in patients with more advanced disease.John Cosh had originally wanted to be a heart surgeon, but his interests shifted towards cardiology and then to the cardiological aspects of rheumatology.He was born in Bristol, the son of a pharmacist.From Bristol Grammar School he won a
2. CURE OF KOREAN VIVAX MALARIA WITH PAMAQUINE AND PRIMAQUINE
Authors: Paul L. Garrison
Journal: JAMA (1952)

In the summer of 1951, when large numbers of Korean veterans came down with vivax malaria, a study designed to compare the curative effectiveness of pamaquine and primaquine was initiated. This preliminary report presents the results of that study after 11 months of observation. <h3>METHODS</h3> All patients admitted to the station hospitals with vivax malaria between July 25, 1951, and May 1, 1952, were included in this study. The diagnosis was established in every case by demonstrating parasites in the peripheral blood in two nonconsecutive smears. When the diagnosis was established, patients were treated in rotation according to one of the following regimens: <h3>Regimen A: Chloroquine.—</h3> A total dosage of 1.5 gm. of base was given in three doses of 0.3 gm. each during the first 24 hours, followed by a single dose of 0.3 gm. daily for two days. <h3>Regimen B: Chloroquine Plus Pamaquine.—</h3> A total dose of 1.5
Transport of Neutral and Dibasic Amino Acids by Human Leukocytes: Absence of Defect in Cystinuria*
Authors: Leon E. Rosenberg, Sylvia Downing
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1965)

The mechanisms by which cells transport and accumulate vital metabolites such as cations, an- ions, sugars, and amino acids have come under careful scrutiny during recent years.Although this subject is of great interest to investigators of human physiology and disease, the lack of suitable and accessible human cell preparations for in vitro study has made progress in this field difficult.During the past decade methods have been de- vised for the isolation of human leukocytes from peripheral blood, and such cells have been used to study a wide range of physiologic and biochemi- cal mechanisms (1).To date, however, leuko- cytes have been used sparingly in studies of ion or nonelectrolyte transport.Several investigators (2-4) have reported that the free amino acid content of normal and leukemic leukocytes far exceeds that of plasma, suggesting that these cells maintain "uphill" concentration gradients in vivo.Yunis, Arimura, and Kipnis (5) showed that leukemic lymphocytes and granu- locytes can accumulate a variety of neutral amino acids in vitro by processes that are sodium de- pendent and ouabain sensitive.It is well known, however, that the metabolism of leukemic cells differs in many significant ways from that of nor- mal leukocytes (6), and, therefore, it was deemed important to investigate transport and metabolism of amino acids by normal leukocytes.Recent in vitro studies have demonstrated de- fective transport of lysine and arginine by human gut and kidney in cystinuria (7-9).Cystine uptake was also defective in intestinal mucosa (8, 9) but, surprisingly, not in kidney cortex from cys- tinuric subjects (7).To characterize the trans- port systems for the dibasic amino acids and cystine *