tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Screening Asymptomatic Male Patients For Gonorrhea
Authors: Mary Riggs
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The first few drops of urine, voided onto a dry swab and inoculated on Thayer-Martin medium, may be utilized to screen nonsymptomatic male patients for gonorrhea. It is now apparent that the female of the species is not the only "hidden reservoir" of gonorrhea. The male sexual contact of a person with gonococcal infection is also often an asymptomatic carrier, and routine screening of nonsymptomatic males admitted to a venereal disease clinic reveals 5% to 10% positive for<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>. The recommended procedure for securing an intraurethral specimen from the male without discharge has been use of a platinum loop or preferably a calcium-alginate-tipped, wire, urethrogenital swab. The loop or swab is then used to inoculate Thayer-Martin medium.<sup>1</sup>Either procedure generally requires presence of a physician, and the latter method is painful. An alternate procedure is urine culture of the sediment from a centrifuged specimen of
A Systems-Level Approach to Resolve Tension between Research Misconduct and Confidentiality
Authors: Walter Limehouse
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2013)

"A Systems-Level Approach to Resolve Tension between Research Misconduct and Confidentiality." The American Journal of Bioethics, 13(10), pp. 69–70 Acknowledgments This publication was supported by South Carolina Clinical & Translational Research (SCTR) Institute, with an academic home at MUSC, through NIH Grant Number UL1 TR000062.
Pancreatic Cystic Fibrosis in an Adult
Authors: Joseph D. Cece
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Cystic fibrosis of the pancreas is a well-recognized entity in children but has not been reported so frequently in adults. In the present case the patient was 41 years of age when the diagnosis was made, although the history of respiratory and digestive symptoms began in childhood. Since the episodes of serious respiratory infection were particularly disabling, it is suggested that the possibility of fibrocystic disease be more frequently considered in patients with complaints of this kind.
Legalising drugs would be "an historic mistake," UN report says
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Opiates remain the world’s most problematic drug in terms of addiction, a report by a United Nations agency says, but different illegal narcotics, from cannabis to cocaine, pose problems for different countries and regions trying to address substance misuse.

The report warns that legalising these drugs as a means to fight the illicit black market, violence, and corruption would be “an historic mistake.” Instead it argues that law enforcement authorities should “shift focus from drug users to drug traffickers.”

Antonio Maria Costa, executive director of the Vienna …
Cost-Effective Treatment of Candida Esophagitis
Authors: David Neely
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Letters15 May 1993Cost-Effective Treatment of Candida EsophagitisDavid Neely, MDDavid Neely, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-118-10-199305150-00012 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their report of a randomized trial comparing fluconazole and ketoconazole as treatment for candida esophagitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Laine and associates [1] left out an important piece of informationcost. At our hospital pharmacy, 21 tablets of fluconazole cost $157.00, and 21 tablets of ketoconazole cost $57.00.It was unclear how long the patients were treated except that it was between 3 and 8 weeks. How quickly did most patients respond to either drug?The study did not clarify if fluconazole is worth the extra money. Although pharmaceutical company grant support may ...REFERENCE1. Laine L, Dretler RH, Conteas CN, Tuazon C, Koster FM, Sattler F, et al. Fluconazole compared with ketoconazole for the treatment of candida esophagitis in AIDS: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 1992; 117:655-60. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPlace du fluconazole dans le traitement des candidoses oro-pharyngées et oesophagiennes chez les patients immunodéprimés: audit réalisé au CHU de Na 15 May 1993Volume 118, Issue 10Page: 824-825KeywordsAIDSCandidaDrugsRandomized trials Issue Published: 15 May 1993 CopyrightCopyright © 1993 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Physiological and Clinical Correlates of Cardiorespiratory Reflexes in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: William R Kennedy, Xavier Navarro, Manabu Sakuta, Howard Mandell, Charles K Knox, David E R Sutherland
Journal: Diabetes Care (1989)

Cardiorespiratory reflexes (CRRs) were studied by measuring heart-rate (HR) variation during 6 breaths/min respiration (ΔR6) and Valsalva maneuver (VR) in 145 healthy and 417 type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic subjects. HR variation with breathing at 12 breaths/min and ventilatory response to hypercapnia/hypoxia were measured in fewer subjects. CRR results were compared with symptoms of autonomic dysfunction, the neurological examination, nerve conduction studies, and quantitative sweat testing. The objective was to compare the sensitivity of various methods of characterizing diabetic patients and to use this information when staging patients for clinical therapeutic trials. CRR responses were age dependent in both populations. Either ΔR6 or VR was abnormal in 74% of diabetic patients, Δ R6 being more sensitive. CRRs correlated well with the presence of symptoms of autonomic dysfunction, abnormalities on the neurological examination, results of nerve conduction studies, and sweating activity in the feet of the same patients. However, both CRRs and sweating were abnormal in a high proportion of patients without any clinical manifestations of neuropathy. The ventilatory reflex response to moderate hypercapnia/hypoxia was also measured. It was normal in most of the diabetic patients tested, including many with severe reduction of CRRs. We conclude from the combined results of CRR, ventilatory response, and other studies that the causative factors for abnormal CRR may not be confined to the vagus nerves, and that in most instances, the depressed CRR may be due to a decrease in the efficacy of sensorimotor nerve conduction around the reflex arc.
Diffuse Pulmonary Emphysema and Occupation
Authors: Roger S. Mitchell
Journal: JAMA (1962)

The diagnosis of diffuse pulmonary emphysema is being made more frequently throughout the world. The cause of this disease remains uncertain. It is probably a late manifestation of various pathogenetic origins. A tissue defect, congenital, developmental, or acquired, appears to play a fundamental role; an acquired tissue defect may well arise from environmental sources, some of which may be industrial or occupational. Chronic and recurrent infections and chronic irritation from smoking or coughing, or both, appear to play important supplementary, if not primary roles. These opinions are based upon clinical, physiologic, and morphologic studies of a series of 123 human subjects with emphysema, upon surveys of 2 small working populations searching for symptoms and objective evidence of emphysema, and upon a review of the literature.
Treatment of Atrial Arrhythmias With Alprenolol
Authors: Richard E. Kerber
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Alprenolol (Aptine), a new beta-adrenergic blocking agent, was administered intravenously on 25 occasions to 23 patients with atrial arrhythmias. Significant slowing of ventricular rate was achieved in 20 patients by decreasing atrioventricular conduction in atrial fibrillation and flutter, and by slowing of the rate of ectopic impulse formation in paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Four patients with the latter arrhythmia reverted to sinus rhythm following alprenolol administration. In four patients with atrial fibrillation, the chronotropic effect of isoproterenol was substantially abolished after treatment with alprenolol. Alprenolol appears to be a safe and effective beta-adrenergic blocking agent in the treatment of atrial arrhythmias.
Effect of selective vaccination on rubella susceptibility and infection in pregnancy.
Authors: C L Miller, E Miller, P J Sequeira, J E Cradock-Watson, M Longson, E C Wiseberg
Journal: BMJ (1985)

The effect of school and adult vaccination on susceptibility to rubella in women of childbearing age was assessed in the Manchester area, where the population attending antenatal clinics is over 40 000 a year. Between 1979 and 1984 the proportion susceptible fell from 6.4% to 2.7%. In 1984, 4.2% of nulliparous women were susceptible compared with 1.4% of women in their second or subsequent pregnancy. Eighty five per cent of pregnant women screened and found to be non-immune were vaccinated post partum before leaving hospital. Requests for prevaccination screening of non-pregnant women increased in response to a national campaign and at the time of local outbreaks of rubella but only two thirds of those found to be nonimmune were subsequently vaccinated. During 1983 and 1984 infection was confirmed in 57 pregnant women--2% of those non-immune. Selective vaccination has reduced susceptibility to rubella in the childbearing population, but it is suggested that mass vaccination of children of both sexes should be added to the existing policy to control circulation of wild rubella virus and reduce the risk of infection to pregnant women who remain susceptible.
Atrial natriuretic peptide in experimental hepatitis: Relation to plasma renin activity, aldosterone and liver function
Authors: K. Kehagiolou, C. Petroyiannopoulos, E. Paraschou, K. Alevizou, Ch. Tsantilas, S. Kanatakis, J. Licssis, S. Dritsas
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1989)
18F-Fluoride PET/CT Allows Detection of Hyperostosis and Osseous Involvement in Meningioma
Authors: Ukihide Tateishi, Kensuke Tateishi, Kazuya Shizukuishi, Ayako Shishikura, Hidetoshi Murata, Tomio Inoue, Nobutaka Kawahara
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

The present study was conducted to assess the diagnostic performance of (18)F-fluoride PET/CT in evaluating hyperostosis and osseous involvement in patients with meningioma.Thirty-four patients with meningioma (mean age, 61 years) underwent (18)F-fluoride PET/CT before surgery. In 24 patients (71%), (18)F-FDG PET/CT was also given before surgery, and the results were compared. The images were reviewed by 2 board-certified nuclear medicine specialists who were unaware of any clinical information and a consensus was reached. Uptake patterns and measurements of tracers were compared with pathological findings from resected specimens, with hyperostosis and osseous involvement as the reference standard.There were 27 grade I tumors (79%) and 7 grade II tumors (21%). The primary tumor focus was identified in each patient using both (18)`F-fluoride PET/CT and (18)F-FDG PET/CT, but there were no significant correlations in the degree of uptake between the 2 tracers. The SUV(max), SUV(max) corrected for lean body mass (SUL(max)), and tumor metabolic volume (TMV) for (18)F-fluoride and (18)F-FDG were greater in grade II tumors than in grade I tumors. Hyperostosis and osseous involvement was identified in 12 tumors (38%). The SUV(max), SUL(max), and TMV of tumors visualized with (18)F-fluoride PET/CT were greater in tumors with hyperostosis and osseous involvement than in those without (P = 0.005, P = 0.003, and P = 0.006, respectively). In contrast, the SUV(max), SUL(max), and TMV of tumors visualized with (18)F-FDG PET/CT were similar regardless of hyperostosis or osseous involvement.(18)F-fluoride PET/CT may improve detection of hyperostosis and osseous involvement in patients with meningioma.
Characterization of Regulatory T Cells in the Persistence of Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: A. Singh, K. Burmeister, R. Gangnon, M. Evans, K. Roberg, C. Tisler, D. DaSilva, T. Pappas, L. Pleiss, R.F. Lemanske Jr.
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2009)
The Atomic Age and Radiology
Authors: Frederick W. O'Brien
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

IT is unusual in a memorial lecture to be able to honor not only a pioneer but also an active contemporary indeed, despite his years of three score and twenty, in no less a person than the beloved Dr. George W. Holmes. Dr. Holmes was a graduate of Tufts College Medical School in 1906 and joined Dr. Walter Dodd in the X-Ray Department of the Massachusetts General Hospital in 1911, becoming chief of the Department in 1916.His breadth of interest has been well established by his classic textbooks on diagnostic roentgenology and radiation therapy, his voluminous contributions to the . . .
244. AAV Vector-Mediated Gene Therapy of Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I
Authors: Lalitha Belur, Damaris Lorenzo, Elena Aronovich, Walter C. Low, Chester B. Whitley, R. Scott McIvor
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPSI) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by loss of activity of the enzyme |[alpha]|-L-iduronidase (IDUA), which is responsible for the catabolism of the glycosaminoglycans dermatan and heparan sulfate. The most severely manifested form of the disease is Hurler syndrome, in which death affects children by the first decade, due to respiratory failure and cardiac disease.We recently reported the correction of metabolic, neurologic and craniofacial manifestations of MPSI in a murine model of the disease treated at birth by intravenous injection of an AAV vector transducing the IDUA gene (Hartung et al, Mol. Ther. 9:866-875, 2004). Our current goal is to evaluate the effect of AAV vector mediated transduction of the IDUA gene-both in the brain and in peripheral tissues of adult IDUA (-/-) mice using different AAV serotypes and routes of administration. We have constructed a bicistronic vector containing the human IDUA cDNA under transcriptional regulation of the hybrid Cags promoter with a downstream enhanced GFP (eGFP) reporter gene preceded by an ECMV IRES facilitating translation of eGFP. We have also constructed a similar bicistronic vector in which an epitope tag has been engineered onto the carboxyl terminus of IDUA in order to identify cells that have been cross corrected by IDUA expression. This vector was tested both in vitro and in vivo for expression of both IDUA and GFP. IDUA enzyme levels in vitro were 20-fold higher than background untransfected controls, 500-fold higher in plasma and 20-fold higher in the liver of injected mice, compared to wild type control animals. This vector upon packaging was shown to efficiently transduce cells in vitro as determined by IDUA enzyme assay and GFP fluorescence. Experiments to evaluate the efficacy of this vector in reversing or attenuating the brain disease as well as other abnormalities observed in adult MPS type I mice are currently in progress.
Case report: Interleukin‐6 positive follicular hyperplasia in the lymph node of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Yukiko Numata, Yasushi Matsuura, Saburo Onishi, Yasutake Yamamoto, Fumitoshi Ohno, Hiromi Tagoh, Kazuyuki Yoshizaki, Shigeyoshi Fujimoto, Hiroshi Yamamoto
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract We examined interleukin‐6 production in the hyperplastic lymph node of a 77‐year‐old male rheumatoid arthritis patient with lymphadenopathy. The interleukin‐6 production of the lymph node was observed by both immunohistological staining and in vitro culture. The results suggest that interleukin‐6 plays a significant pathogenic role in the etiology of the lymphadenopathy seen in many rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Elevated Urinary Albumin Excretion Is Associated With Impaired Arterial Dilatory Capacity in Clinically Healthy Subjects
Authors: P. Clausen, J. S. Jensen, G. Jensen, K. Borch-Johnsen, B. Feldt-Rasmussen
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background —Elevated urinary albumin excretion (UAE) predicts atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It is hypothesized that elevated UAE is associated with a generalized vascular dysfunction. This study tested this hypothesis for conduit arteries. Methods and Results —Clinically healthy subjects were selected: 19 with UAE &gt;90th percentile in the background population (6.6 μg/min&lt;UAE&lt;150 μg/min) and 41 with normoalbuminuria (UAE &lt;6.6 μg/min). External ultrasound was used to measure the dilatory response of the brachial artery to postischemic increased blood flow (endothelium-dependent, flow-associated dilation) and to nitroglycerin (endothelium-independent, nitroglycerin-induced dilation). Plasma concentrations of the endothelial markers nitrate/nitrite, thrombomodulin, and von Willebrand factor antigen were also measured. Both flow-associated and nitroglycerin-induced dilations were significantly impaired in subjects with elevated UAE as compared with normoalbuminuric control subjects: 102.0±1.0% (mean±SEM) versus 104.3±0.6% ( P &lt;0.05) and 120.1±1.5% versus 123.8±1.0% ( P &lt;0.05). No differences in the plasma concentrations of endothelial markers were found. Conclusions —Slightly elevated UAE is associated with impaired conduit arterial dilatory capacity in clinically healthy subjects, and this impairment may be explained by a reduced dilatory response to nitric oxide of both endogenous and exogenous origin. Impaired arterial dilatory capacity may contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk in subjects with elevated UAE.
The New Zealand rugby injury and performance project. VI. A prospective cohort study of risk factors for injury in rugby union football
Authors: K L Quarrie, J C Alsop, A E Waller, Y N Bird, S W Marshall, D J Chalmers
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2001)

Although the nature of rugby injury has been well documented, little is known about key risk factors. A prospective cohort study was undertaken to examine the association between potential risk factors and injury risk, measured both as an injury incidence rate and as a proportion of the playing season missed. The latter measure incorporates a measure of injury severity.A cohort of 258 male players (mean (SD) age 20.6 (3.7) years) were followed through a full competitive season. At a preseason assessment, basic characteristics, health and lifestyle patterns, playing experience, injury experience, training patterns, and anthropometric characteristics were recorded, and then a battery of fitness tests were carried out.A multiple regression model identified grade and previous injury experience as risk factors for in season injury, measured as an injury incidence rate. A second model identified previous injury experience, hours of strenuous physical activity a week, playing position, cigarette smoking status, body mass index, years of rugby participation, stress, aerobic and anaerobic performance, and number of push ups as risk factors for in season injury, measured as proportion of season missed.The findings emphasise the importance of previous injury as a predictor of injury incidence and of missing play. They also show the importance of considering both the incidence rate and severity of injury when identifying risk factors for injury in sport.
Cystic Tumour of the Suprarenal Body Successfully Removed by Operation, with Notes on Cases Previously Published
Authors: A. H. G. Doran
Journal: BMJ (1908)

so far as my experience goes, AntMrAlv DrnoundleRR.History of the Present IltIness.-Thedyspeptic rttacks, which had never ceased entirely, became severe Jest summor.
ABC of diseases of liver, pancreas, and biliary system: Liver abscesses and hydatid disease
Authors: J. E. J. Krige, I. J. J. Beckingham
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Liver abscesses are caused by bacterial, parasitic, or fungal infection. Pyogenic abscesses account for three quarters of hepatic abscess in developed countries. Elsewhere, amoebic abscesses are more common, and, worldwide, amoebae are the commonest cause.

### Aetiology

Most pyogenic liver abscesses are secondary to infection originating in the abdomen. Cholangitis due to stones or strictures is the commonest cause, followed by abdominal infection due to diverticulitis or appendicitis. In 15% of cases no cause can be found (cryptogenic abscesses). Compromised host defences have been implicated in the development of cryptogenic abscess and may have a role in the aetiology of most hepatic abscesses. Diabetes mellitus has been noted in 15% of adults with liver abscesses.

#### Typical features of pyogenic liver abscess

#### Origins and causes of pyogenic liver abscess

#### Microbiology

Most patients presenting with pyogenic liver abscesses have a polymicrobial infection usually with Gram negative aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Most organisms are of bowel origin, with Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae , bacteroides, enterococci, anaerobic streptococci, and microaerophilic streptococci being most common. Staphylococci, haemolytic streptococci, and Streptococcus milleri are usually present if the primary infection is bacterial endocarditis or dental sepsis. Immunosuppression as a result of AIDS, intensive chemotherapy, and transplantation has increased the number of abscesses due to fungal or opportunistic organisms.

#### Clinical features

The classic presentation is with abdominal pain, swinging fever, and nocturnal sweating, vomiting, anorexia, malaise, and weight loss. The onset may be insidious or occult in elderly people, and patients may present …
THE RECORD OF A BLOOD DONOR
Authors: H. Russell Fisher
Journal: JAMA (1941)

<h3>To the Editor: —</h3> The editorial "The Record of a Blood Donor" that appeared in the February 1 issue ofThe Journalconcerns a subject of more than passing interest to me. As one of the physicians who attended Rose Marie Ryan (the niece of Mrs. McMullin) I am acquainted with the intimatedetails of the early use of Mrs. McMullin as a donor. We have watched the rising tide of publicity about the "golden blood" of Mrs. McMullin with amazement at the credulity of the public and many of our profession. I am sure that you, and the medical profession in general, would be interested in some early details of this affair. Rose Marie Ryan, aged 3 years, had a superficial infection (pustule) on the right knee which progressed in severity despite conservative local therapy. Five days later, with a high fever (104 F. axillary), localized pain in the back and stiffness of the neck muscles and irritability suggesting meningitis, she was sent to Hahnemann Hospital on Aug. 8, 1935, under the care of her family physician, Dr. Maxwell White. The clinical signs suggesting meningitis were denied by a negative spinal