tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Recurrent bleeding from idiopathic ulceration of small bowel.
Authors: M J Glynn, J Pendower, S Shousha, R A Parkins
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Results of testing of specimens produced by transtracheal saline injection for 42 patients with community acquired pneumnonia No of patients Result of testing lower respiratory tract secretion* 22 Pneumococcal antigen positive: no pathogens on culture 13 Pneumococcal antigen negative: no pathogens on culture 4 Pneumococcal antigen positive: Str pneumoniae on culturet 2 Pneumococcal antigen not tested: no pathogens on culture 1No specimen obtained * Pneumococcal antigen detected using countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis.5 t H Influienizae also cultured from two specimens.respiratory tract secretions.Of these, five were subsequently diagnosed as having legionnaires' disease, four pneumococcal pneumonia, two psittacosis pneumonia, one Q fever pneumonia, and one pulmonary tuberculosis.Troublesome complications of transtracheal injection did not occur.Occasionally blood streaking of the specimen was noted.Three of the 42 patients subsequently had transtracheal aspirations performed and legion- naires' disease was diagnosed in two and Haemophilus influenzae infection in one.
Screening for Impaired Hearing in the Elderly
Authors: Graeme J. A. Macphee
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> We read with interest the article by Lichtenstein et al<sup>1</sup>on the validation of screening tools for identifying the hearing-impaired elderly and firmly agree with the need to screen the elderly. In contrast to the authors, however, we would suggest that free field voice testing is a reliable method of detecting hearing impairment. Swan and Browning<sup>2</sup>assessed the reliability of a whispered voice at 60 cm (2 ft) in excluding significant hearing impairment in 101 patients of all ages attending an audiology clinic. All the patients who passed this screening test possessed hearing of 30 dB or better when compared with pure tone audiometry. The false-positive rate with this screening test was only 15%. In a recent study,<sup>3</sup>we used a similar method to screen 62 patients consecutively admitted to a geriatric unit for hearing impairment. Free field voice testing was performed at
Abstract 4302: TACC3 promotes EMT through the up-regulation of PI3K/Akt and ERK signaling pathways.
Authors: Geun-Hyoung Ha, Jong-Sup Park, Eun-Kyoung Y. Breuer
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Transforming acidic coiled-coil protein 3 (TACC3) is a member of TACC family, essential for the maintenance of centrosome integrity and the regulation of microtubule assembly and spindle stability during mitosis. In addition to its function in mitosis, TACC3 has been shown to be involved in controlling cell growth, differentiation and transcriptional regulation. Interestingly, deregulated expression of TACC3 has been found in many human cancers, including breast, ovary, bladder, glioblastoma and non-small cell lung cancer. Moreover, our previous microarray analysis suggested that overexpression of TACC3 may be associated with the progression, metastasis and chemoresistance of cervical cancer. Although these findings indicate that TACC3 may play an important role in human cancer, the fundamental molecular mechanisms underlying how TACC3 contributes to cancer initiation, progression and metastasis, and its clinical significance remain elusive. Here, we explored the significance of TACC3 in cervical cancer. Using cervical cancer tissue microarrays, we found that TACC3 is overexpressed in cervical cancer compared with normal cervix. By modulating the expression of TACC3, we found that overexpression of TACC3 leads to changes in cell morphology, proliferation, transforming capability, migratory/invasive behavior as well as the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers. Moreover, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERKs) signaling pathways are critical for TACC3-mediated EMT process. Notably, depletion of TACC3 is sufficient to suppress EMT phenotype. Our findings, therefore, identify a novel mechanism that promotes EMT, possibly leading to a more malignant and metastatic tumor phenotype as well as a potential biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy for cervical cancer. Citation Format: Geun-Hyoung Ha, Jong-Sup Park, Eun-Kyoung Y. Breuer. TACC3 promotes EMT through the up-regulation of PI3K/Akt and ERK signaling pathways. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4302. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4302
Abstract 1879: Myc induces lipogenesis and suppresses fatty acid oxidation in human P493-6 B-lymphoma cells.
Authors: Arvin Matthew Gouw, Anthony Mancuso, Annie Lee Hsieh, Brian Altman, Michael Wolfgang, Chi Van Dang
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Myc has been known to control cell growth and proliferation through regulating thousands of genes, of which a substantial amount are involved in metabolism. We have previously shown that Myc increases ribosomal biogenesis, nucleotide metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, glycolysis and glutaminolysis in cancer cells. However, Myc's role in fatty acid metabolism is not well-documented, notwithstanding the expectation that Myc induction of cell growth must be accompanied by membrane biogenesis. Other studies have shown that fatty acids can be utilized as energy fuel by cancer cells or as building blocks for proliferation. The P493 human B cell line contains a tetracycline (Tet)-repressible human MYC transgene, permitting robust control of cell growth and proliferation through MYC. Having previously documented that Myc stimulates glucose and glutamine metabolism, we sought to determine whether Myc affects P493 use of fatty acids for oxidation and fatty acid synthesis. We found that resting P493 cells, in which ectopic MYC was off, can use labeled palmitate for respiration, while Myc activated P493 cells demonstrated an inability to oxidize palmitate. We also observe through microarray analysis and RT-PCR that Myc increases the levels of mRNAs for lipogenesis genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) with an anti-Myc antibody documents that Myc binds to the promoters of lipogenesis genes. Moreover, immunoblot analyses with antibodies available for selected enzymes also indicate that Myc increases the protein levels of ACACA and FASN. Uniformly labeled 13C-glucose and 13C,15N-glutamine were found to be incorporated into lipids when Myc was induced in P493 cells. Cerulenin, an inhibitor of FASN, dramatically inhibits Myc-induced P493 cell proliferation. Similarly, TOFA-inhibition of ACACA suppresses P493 cell proliferation as well. Our data suggest that in P493 Burkitt lymphoma model cells, Myc inhibits fatty acid oxidation and upregulates fatty acid synthesis through transcription of target genes. Citation Format: Arvin Matthew Gouw, Anthony Mancuso, Annie Lee Hsieh, Brian Altman, Michael Wolfgang, Chi Van Dang. Myc induces lipogenesis and suppresses fatty acid oxidation in human P493-6 B-lymphoma cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1879. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1879
Lorenzo's Oil -- Hope and Disappointment
Authors: William B. Rizzo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

The rational development of therapy for a disease depends critically on knowledge about its pathogenesis. In the absence of such insight, physicians are vulnerable to the prevailing winds of opinion and practice, each liable to shift from one moment to another. Even when a therapeutic approach seems logical, it must still be proved effective -- not by anecdotal reports, surrogate responses, or public opinion, but by the scientific method and the performance of clinical trials. Such is the case for dietary therapy of adrenoleukodystrophy, a rare and devastating neurodegenerative disease. A recent popular film, Lorenzo's Oil, prematurely implied that dietary . . .
Treatment of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer with Erlotinib or Gefitinib
Authors: Vince D. Cataldo, Don L. Gibbons, Román Pérez-Soler, Alfonso Quintás-Cardama
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2011)

A 64-year-old woman receives the diagnosis of metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which has progressed during treatment with carboplatin, paclitaxel, and bevacizumab. Erlotinib therapy is recommended.
Gene expression profiling using a mouse full-length 20 K cDNA microarray
Authors: Yasushi Okazaki, Rika Miki, Yosuke Mizuno, Yasushiro Tomaru, Kouji Kadota, Piero Carninci, Kazuhiro Shibata, Masayoshi Itoh, Yasuhiro Ozawa, Jun Kawai, Hideaki Konno, Yoshifumi Fukunishi, Toshinori Kusumi, Hitoshi Goto, Hiroyuki Nitanda, Youhei Hamaguchi, Itaru Nishizuka, Masami Muramatsu, Jun Yoshiki, Moriaki Kusakabe, Joseph DeRisi, Vishy Iyer, Michael Eisen, Patrick O. Brown, Yoshihide Hayashizaki
Journal: Nature Genetics (1999)
Effect of Erythropoietin on Bone Marrow Uptake of 18F-Fluorocholine in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Sona Balogova, Virginie Huchet, Christoph Egrot, Laure Michaud, F. Paycha, Khaldoun Kerrou, Francoise Montravers, Olivier Cussenot, Jean Noel Talbot
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

The effect of erythropoietin stimulation on bone marrow uptake of FDG has been well documented. Similar metabolic activation of bone marrow with (18)F-fluorocholine (FCH) has not been previously reported. FCH PET/CT was performed in a patient with biochemical recurrent prostate cancer who was receiving erythropoietin for hemochromatosis. Diffuse skeletal uptake of FCH was seen. (18)F-Fluoride PET/CT performed the following day demonstrates multiple abnormal focal bone metastases. Generalized skeletal uptake of FCH results in poor contrast between the metastases compared to noninvolved bone. The metabolic activation of bone marrow by erythropoietin could result in false-negative FCH results for detecting bone metastases.
Mercy--for the terminally ill cancer patient!
Authors: J. A. Beall
Journal: JAMA (1983)

A physician whose daughter died of cancer outlines the progress of her illness and the aggressive treatment regimen that prolonged her suffering. Citing E. Cassell's article, "The nature of suffering and the goals of medicine," which appeared in the 16 March 1982 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine, Beall reminds physicians of the need to understand suffering and exercise mercy when deciding between aggressive treatment and palliative care for terminally ill patients.
Identification and differentiation of resting myocardial ischemia and infarction in man with positron computed tomography, 18F-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose and N-13 ammonia.
Authors: R C Marshall, J H Tillisch, M E Phelps, S C Huang, R Carson, E Henze, H R Schelbert
Journal: Circulation (1983)

Studies have shown that the extraction of glucose per unit flow is increased in moderately ischemic myocardium primarily due to anaerobic glucose metabolism manifested as lactate production, whereas myocardial infarction is characterized by the loss of metabolically active myocardium. To determine the feasibility of demonstrating these metabolic abnormalities reflecting both ischemia and infarction, we used positron computed tomography (PCT) to evaluate relative regional myocardial exogenous glucose utilization and perfusion in 15 patients with recent myocardial infarction. The positron-emitting tracers of glucose metabolism and perfusion, 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) and N-13 ammonia, respectively, were used. Fourteen of 19 documented infarctions were demonstrated by PCT to have concordantly decreased glucose utilization and perfusion. However, in an additional 11 regions, glucose utilization was disproportionately increased relative to perfusion, consistent with ischemic glucose consumption. These findings correlated with the presence of postinfarction angina, the site of ischemic electrocardiographic changes during chest pain, and the presence of regional left ventricular dysfunction and severe coronary artery disease. Because three ECG infarct zones not detected by PCT demonstrated ischemic glucose utilization, only two of 19 electrocardiographically defined infarctions had no detectable metabolic abnormality. We conclude that the changes in regional FDG and N-13 ammonia concentrations detected with PCT in patients who had had a recent myocardial infarction are consistent with regional exogenous glucose utilization and perfusion in moderately ischemic and irreversibly infarcted myocardium. This approach has the potential to identify and differentiate resting myocardial ischemia from infarction and to assess tissue viability after an ischemic event.
Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome
Authors: Helena M. Gardiner, Myles J.O. Taylor, Ageliki Karatza, Tina Vanderheyden, Agnes Huber, Stephen E. Greenwald, Nicholas M. Fisk, Kurt Hecher
Journal: Circulation (2003)

In twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS), the donor and recipient fetus are exposed to differing volume loads and show discordant intertwin vascular compliance in childhood despite identical genotype. We hypothesized that discordance is prevented by intrauterine endoscopic laser ablation of placental anastomoses, which abolishes intertwin transfusion. We tested this by examining pulse wave velocity (PWV) in brachial arteries of twin survivors of TTTS treated with and without laser therapy.One hundred children (50 twin pairs, 27 with TTTS) were studied. Group 1 comprised 14 monochorionic (MC) twin pairs with TTTS treated symptomatically; group 2 comprised 13 MC twin pairs with TTTS treated by laser. The control groups comprised 12 MC twin pairs without TTTS (group 3) and 11 dichorionic twin pairs (group 4). Fetal cardiovascular data, predictive factors for, and duration of TTTS and cord blood were collected prospectively. We measured blood pressure and PWV photoplethysmographically at a median corrected postnatal age of 11 months (range, 1 week to 66 months). Both TTTS groups showed marked intertwin PWV discordance, unlike MCDA control subjects. The PWV discordance seen in laser treated twin pairs resembled that of dichorionic control subjects (heavier individual with higher PWV), whereas group 1 showed the opposite (negative) intertwin discordance (ANOVA F (1,45)=4.5, P=0.04). No significant differences in blood pressure or intrauterine growth were observed between TTTS groups.Vascular programming is evident in monozygotic twins with intertwin transfusion and is altered but not abolished by intrauterine therapy to resemble that seen in dichorionic twins.
Evidence based cardiology: Psychosocial factors in the aetiology and prognosis of coronary heart disease: systematic review of prospective cohort studies
Authors: H. Hemingway, M. Marmot
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Do psychosocial factors cause coronary heart disease or affect survival among patients with coronary heart disease? Here we use an explicit methodological quality filter to review systematically the prospective cohort studies testing specific psychosocial hypotheses. This review of the epidemiological literature identifies the psychosocial factors that have been most rigorously tested. Only four psychosocial factors met the quality filter: type A/hostility, depression and anxiety, work characteristics, and social supports. The importance of other study designs—for example, ecological1 or nested case-control2–4 studies—is acknowledged. The review should be seen as complementary to existing reviews5–8 on single psychosocial factors and as a challenge to investigators in the field to ensure that the systematic review is made unbiased, kept up to date, and used to guide future hypothesis testing.

#### Summary points

In healthy populations, prospective cohort studies show a possible aetiological role for type A/hostility (6/14 studies), depression and anxiety (11/11 studies), psychosocial work characteristics (6/10 studies), social support (5/8 studies)

In populations of patients with coronary heart disease, prospective studies show a prognostic role for depression and anxiety (6/6 studies), psychosocial work characteristics (1/2 studies), and social support (9/10 studies); none of five studies showed a prognostic role for type A/hostility

Although this review can not discount the possibility of publication bias, prospective cohort studies provide strong evidence that psychosocial factors, particularly depression and social support, are independent aetiological and prognostic factors for coronary heart disease

A psychosocial factor may be defined as a measurement that potentially relates psychological phenomena to the social environment and to pathophysiological changes. The validity and reliability (precision) of the questionnaire based instruments used to measure psychosocial factors has been improved through the use of psychometric techniques. By avoiding the unhelpful general term of “stress,” recent work has developed theoretical models—for example, the …
Wedge Resection for Polycystic Ovaries
Authors: C. L. Buxton, Raymond Van de Wiele
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1954)

IN 1935 Stein and Leventhal1 reported 7 cases of amenorrhea associated with polycystic ovaries. In addition 4 of their patients complained of hirsutism, and 3 were obese. After wedge resection of the ovaries, normal menses reappeared in all 7 patients, 5 of whom eventually conceived. The amenorrhea and the polycystic ovaries were thought to be due to an imbalance of the pituitary-ovarian axis. The combination has become known as the Stein–Leventhal syndrome.Secondary amenorrhea as the main clinical symptom of this syndrome was emphasized by Leventhal and Cohen2 in 1951, when they stated that wedge resection was not indicated unless . . .
The 'Sheet Sign'-Reply
Authors: James Oleske
Journal: JAMA (1984)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We appreciate the importance of Dr Frank Adams' comments. We have seen in more than 20% of our adult AIDS victims significant, diverse organic CNS diseases. The patients we have described with the sheet sign were all carefully examined for these processes and found to be normal. We agree, however, with Dr Adams' caution and recognize that serious brain disorders can be mistaken for personality, congenitive, or affective changes.
Irish medical students' attitudes towards, and awareness of, research opportunities
Authors: Sophie Duignan, Helen Mohan, Des Winter
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2013)

AIMS To assess students’ attitudes towards research; awareness of the importance of research in their future career; awareness of research opportunities; ability to carry out literature appraisals. METHODS Students enrolled in the School of Medicine in UCD during the 2010 academic year were invited to participate in an online anonymous standardised questionnaire. An exemption from ethical approval was granted by UCD. Questions were primarily closed-ended, 5 of which involved a 4-point Likert scale, and students could use free text to answer certain questions such as ‘What is your understanding of evidence based medicine?’ RESULTS Responses were received from 180 students, of whom 16% had previously participated in research. Surprisingly 83% did not feel adequately aware of research opportunities . The projects they were most aware of were Health Resource Board (HRB) scholarships and Student Summer Research Awards (SSRA), and 40% said that they would like to participate in research but did not know how to get involved. The strongest motivating factor to participate in research was the potential benefit for future career prospects, and 36% of students said that an inspiring mentor would most encourage them to do research, ahead of prizes, monetary incentives or academic credits. The most common disincentive was ‘difficulty balancing with academic commitments’ (30%), followed by ‘lack of awareness of research opportunities’ ( 25%). A third of students thought that an intercalated BSc was a good idea, however only 25% were aware that UCD offers this option, and only 11% thought that the medical school provides enough information about it. Two thirds of students felt they understood the term ‘ critical appraisal’ and 23% judged themselves capable of carrying it out. Almost all (88%) students felt they needed more guidance in interpretation of the literature. CONCLUSIONS Medical students show an interest in participating in research and are aware of its importance, but do not feel they are made appropriately aware of research opportunities. Students are generally unaware of the option of an intercalated degree. Finally, most students do not feel they have the ability to critically appraise literature.
Lipoprotein(a) levels in relation to albumin concentration in childhood nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Davide Noto, Carlo M. Barbagallo, Armida Lo Cascio, Angelo B. Cefalù, Giovanni Cavera, Rosalia Caldarella, Giuseppina Marino, Salvatore Travali, Ignazio Cutaia, Silvio Maringhini, Alberto Notarbartolo, Maurizio Averna
Journal: Kidney International (1999)
Formylation of folate.
Authors: J A Blair, J R Beavon
Journal: BMJ (1973)

treatment is indicated when retrograde ven- ous pressure is not very marked.With both types of therapy the patient should be am- bulatory since this is the best way to prevent complications.If each patient is indivi- dualized and treated according to specific in- dications, excellent results will be obtained both from injection therapy and from sur- gery.-Weare, etc.,
188 Low-grade cerebral edema in hepatic encephalopathy (HE): Correlation of magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and critical flicker frequency (CFF) in patients with alcoholic and non-alcoholic induced cirrhosis
Authors: G. Kircheis, M. Cohnen, F. Miese, H.J. Wittsack, F. Wenserski, J. Hemker, A. Saleh, U. Modder, D. Haussinger
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2004)
Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-γ Mediates Bisphenol A Inhibition of FSH-Stimulated IGF-1, Aromatase, and Estradiol in Human Granulosa Cells
Authors: Jakub Kwintkiewicz, Yoshihiro Nishi, Toshihiko Yanase, Linda C. Giudice
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2009)

Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical used as a plasticizer, is a potent endocrine disruptor that, even in low concentrations, disturbs normal development and functions of reproductive organs in different species.We investigated whether BPA affects human ovarian granulosa cell function.We treated KGN granulosa cells and granulosa cells from subjects undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) with follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), BPA, or BPA plus FSH in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We then evaluated expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), aromatase, and transcription factors known to mediate aromatase induction by FSH [including steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1), GATA4, cAMP response element binding protein-1 (CREB-1), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma)], as well as 17beta-estradiol (E2) secretion. KGN cells were transfected with a PPARgamma-containing vector, followed by assessment of aromatase and IGF-I expression.BPA reduced FSH-induced IGF-1 and aromatase expression and E2 secretion in a dose-dependent fashion. Similar effects on aromatase were observed in IVF granulosa cells. SF-1 and GATA4, but not CREB-1, were reduced after BPA treatment, although PPARgamma, an inhibitor of aromatase, was significantly up-regulated by BPA in a dose-dependent manner, with simultaneous decrease of aromatase. Overexpression of PPARgamma in KGN cells reduced FSH-stimulated aromatase and IGF-1 mRNAs, with increasing concentrations of the transfected expression vector, mimicking BPA action. Also, BPA reduced granulosa cell DNA synthesis without changing DNA fragmentation, suggesting that BPA does not induce apoptosis.Overall, the data demonstrate that BPA induces PPARgamma, which mediates down-regulation of FSH-stimulated IGF-1, SF-1, GATA4, aromatase, and E2 in human granulosa cells. These observations support a potential role of altered steroidogenesis and proliferation within the ovarian follicular compartment due to this endocrine disruptor.