tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
House Call Trends—Reply
Authors: Stephen H. Landers
Journal: JAMA (2006)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ventricular Arrhythmias Associated with the Ingestion of Alcohol
Authors: KARL SINGER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

For 1 year a 43-year-old man had palpitations while drinking alcoholic beverages, and in the month before hospital admission he had four grand mal seizures and two syncopal episodes. After a syncopal episode that occurred while drinking, ventricular premature beats were noted on an electrocardiogram. Because the relationship between alcohol and the ventricular premature contractions was unclear, he was admitted and given alcohol to document the onset of these contractions while drinking. Ventricular premature contractions occurred 30 minutes after consuming 7 ounces of vodka. No metabolic changes were noted that might have accounted for the arrhythmia. Administration of vodka while the patient was taking quinidine did not lead to ventricular premature contractions.
Coordinating genome expression with cell size
Authors: Samuel Marguerat, Jürg Bähler
Journal: Trends in Genetics (2012)

Cell size is highly variable; cells from various tissues differ in volume over orders of magnitudes, from tiny lymphocytes to giant neurons, and cells of a given type change size during the cell cycle. Larger cells need to produce and maintain higher amounts of RNA and protein to sustain biomass and function, although the genome content often remains constant. Available data indicate that the transcriptional and translational outputs scale with cell size at a genome-wide level, but how such remarkably coordinated regulation is achieved remains largely mysterious. With global and systems-level approaches becoming more widespread and quantitative, it is worth revisiting this fascinating problem. Here, we outline current knowledge of the fundamental relations between genome regulation and cell size, and highlight the biological implications and potential mechanisms of the global tuning of gene expression to cellular volume.
Abstract 046: Excessive Gain in BMI Between Age 7-16 is Related to Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Adulthood: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Julia Steinberger, Alan R Sinaiko, David R Jacobs, Donald R Dengel, Xia Zhou, Antoinette Moran, Lyn M Steffen
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Obesity in childhood has been shown to promote adult obesity and the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, little longitudinal information exists on the rate of progression of adiposity during childhood as a predictor of adult insulin resistance and markers of CVD risk. We hypothesize that excessive adiposity in childhood and adolescence predicts adult individual CV risk factors, insulin resistance and vascular changes. Children (n=383 mean age 7 yrs), were measured periodically for height, weight and blood pressure through adolescence. As adults (n=383, mean age 39 y, 50% female), height, weight, lipids, insulin resistance and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) were measured. Body mass index (BMI) categories (normal, overweight, and obese) were created by standard criteria. According to the CDC BMI growth charts, the normal mean change in BMI from age 7-16 at the 50th percentile is 5 kg/m 2 . Linear regression evaluated the influence of excessive weight gain in childhood on the development of adverse CVD risk factors in adulthood stratifying by 50 percentile change in BMI (≤5kg/m 2 vs &gt;5kg/m 2 ) between childhood and adolescence, adjusting for confounding factors. Of 313 normal weight children, 32% stayed normal weight, 68% became overweight and obese in adulthood. Of 45 overweight children 90% stayed overweight or became obese in adulthood. Of 25 obese children 100% became overweight and stayed obese in adulthood. Compared to ≤5kg/m 2 , a BMI gain of &gt;5 kg/m 2 between childhood and adolescence was more common in blacks than in whites and was associated with greater CV risk in adulthood: greater % obesity; higher blood pressure, lipids, insulin resistance (M/lbm=insulin sensitivity) and cIMT (Table). These findings show that: 1) childhood adiposity is a strong predictor of adult overweight and obesity, and 2) excessive BMI gain between childhood and adolescence is a major determinant of obesity and CVD risk in adulthood.
Formation of simian immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat circles in resting T cells requires both T cell receptor- and IL-2-dependent activation.
Authors: P S Polacino, H A Liang, E A Clark
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1995)

Although immunodeficiency viruses can enter resting CD4+ T lymphocytes, activation of T cells is required for complete viral cDNA synthesis and transport of double-stranded viral DNA to the nucleus. Cross-linking T cell receptors (TCRs) on resting CD4+ T cells induces reverse transcription of full-length simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) genomes, but TCR engagement alone is insufficient to stimulate SIV DNA to move to the nucleus and form long terminal repeat (LTR) circles. Neither ligation of TCR or CD28 receptors nor interleukin 2 (IL-2) alone induces formation of LTR circles; however, the combination of TCR ligation with either CD28 ligation or IL-2 doses. Anti-IL-2 serum inhibits the formation of LTR circles induced by cross-linking CD3 and CD28, but has no effect on the induction of increased viral reverse transcription. Thus, two signals appear to be required for immunodeficiency viruses to move to the T cell nucleus, one from the TCR to promote reverse transcription of the viral genome, the other through an IL-2-dependent process leading to formation of LTR circles.
Defective glycosylation of calsequestrin in heart failure
Authors: A KIARASH
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2004)

Levels of Ca2+ regulatory proteins have been extensively analyzed in cardiomyopathies as possible indices of change in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) structure and function. Measures of calsequestrin (CSQ), however, a critical protein component of the Ca2+ release complex in junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum, have provided little or no evidence of underlying dysfunction. We previously reported that calsequestrin isolated from heart tissue exists in a variety of glycoforms and phosphoforms reflecting mannose trimming of N-linked glycans and phosphorylation and dephosphorylation on protein kinase CK2-sensitive sites.Here, we tested whether the distribution of molecular forms changes in heart failure (HF) reflecting possible remodeling of diseased tissue. Canine hearts were paced (220 beats/min) for 6-8 weeks to induce heart failure. Calsequestrin was purified from heart failure and sham-operated (control) treated canine ventricles and analyzed by electrospray mass spectrometry.The results showed striking changes in the mass distribution of calsequestrin molecules present in tissue from heart failure (five animals) compared with control (five animals). In heart failure, calsequestrin contained glycan structures that were uncharacteristic of normal junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum, consistent with altered metabolism or altered trafficking through secretory compartments. Glycoforms containing Man8,9, expected for a phenotype less muscle-like, were more than doubled in heart failure hearts, and molecules were also phosphorylated to a higher level.These data reveal in tachycardia-induced heart failure a new and potentially important change in the mannose content of calsequestrin glycans, perhaps indicative of defective junctional SR trafficking and Ca2+ release complex assembly.
Patterns of Chemotherapy Use for Women With Ovarian Cancer: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Rosemary D. Cress, Cynthia D. O’Malley, Gary S. Leiserowitz, Sharon L. Campleman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2003)

Purpose: To evaluate adherence to published recommendations for chemotherapy for ovarian cancer patients in the general community and to identify factors associated with its use. Patients and Methods: The study population consisted of 2,150 women residing in Northern California with a first diagnosis of primary epithelial ovarian cancer between January 1994 and December 1996. Patients were identified through the California Cancer Registry and their physicians were surveyed to supplement registry treatment information. Results: Almost 89% of women younger than 75 years with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage III or IV tumors received chemotherapy, with levels of treatment highest for women diagnosed at stage III. Patients 75 years of age and older were significantly less likely than younger women to receive chemotherapy (58.2% v 86.1%; P = .001) regardless of stage at diagnosis. Approximately 20% of patients younger than 55 years with early-stage (stage IC and II) cancer received no chemotherapy. Treatment in an American College of Surgeons hospital and treatment by a gynecologic oncologist increased the likelihood of receiving chemotherapy. Hospitalization for comorbid illness, race/ethnicity, census-based measures of socioeconomic status, and size or teaching status of hospital were all unrelated to probability of treatment after adjustment for other factors. Reasons reported most frequently by physicians for no treatment were lack of clinical indication and patient refusal. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that, despite scientific evidence and published guidelines that advocate chemotherapy for most women with ovarian cancer, some groups of women did not receive optimum treatment.
Diabetes and Pregnancy: Factors associated with seeking pre-conception care
Authors: Nancy K Janz, William H Herman, Mark P Becker, Denise Charron-Prochownik, Viktoria L Shayna, Timothy G Lesnick, Scott J Jacober, J David Fachnie, Davida F Kruger, Jeffrey A Sanfield, Solomon I Rosenblatt, Robert P Lorenz
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

OBJECTIVE To define sociodemographic characteristics, medical factors, knowledge, attitudes, and health-related behaviors that distinguish women with established diabetes who seek pre-conception care from those who seek care only after conception. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A multicenter, case-control study of women with established diabetes making their first pre-conception visit (n = 57) or first prenatal visit without having received pre-conception care (n = 97). RESULTS Pre-conception subjects were significantly more likely to be married (93 vs. 51%), living with their partners (93 vs. 60%), and employed (78 vs. 41%); to have higher levels of education (73% beyond high school vs. 41%) and income (86% &amp;gt; $20,000 vs. 60%); and to have insulin-dependent diabetes mellims (IDDM) (93 vs. 81%). Pre-conception subjects with IDDM were more likely to have discussed preconception care with their health care providers (98 vs. 51%) and to have been encouraged to get it (77 vs. 43%). In the prenatal group, only 24% of pregnancies were planned. Pre-conception patients were more knowledgeable about diabetes, perceived greater benefits of pre-conception care, and received more instrumental support. CONCLUSIONS Only about one-third of women with established diabetes receive pre-conception care. Interventions must address prevention of unintended pregnancy. Providers must regard every visit with a diabetic woman as a pre-conception visit. Contraception must be explicitly discussed, and pregnancies should be planned. In counseling, the benefits of pre-conception care should be stressed and the support of families and friends should be elicited.
NICE and its value judgments: Favourable appraisal amounts to compulsory purchase order
Authors: Jammi N Rao
Journal: BMJ (2004)

EDITOR—The role of the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) in reducing the postcode lottery is limited by the denial of its legitimate role in healthcare rationing.1 2 The focus on new and expensive drugs, and the requirement by the government that NHS bodies implement NICE guidance within three months, seriously …
Mechanism of the Stimulatory Effect of Growth Hormone on Longitudinal Bone Growth*
Authors: OLLE G. P. ISAKSSON, A. LINDAHL, A. NILSSON, J. ISGAARD
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1987)

AT THE beginning of this century Aschner (1) demonstrated a relationship between a factor in the pituitary and body growth. In subsequent experiments Evans and Long (2) produced supranormal growth in intact rats with administration of bovine pituitary extracts. In the 1940s a highly purified protein was isolated from bovine pituitaries (3, 4) that produced somatic growth when administered to hypophysectomized or normal rats. This protein exhibited no or small effects on the gonads and the thyroid gland and was called GH or somatotropin. The molecular structure of GH was not revealed until the beginning of the 1970s when the total amino acid sequence of GH was determined (5, 6). As early as 1923 Dott and Fraser (7) observed a decrease in epiphyseal cartilage width in cats and dogs after hypophysectomy. Dott (8) also found that treatment with extracts from the anterior pituitary lobe partially reversed this effect. Freud and co-workers (9) found that GH increased the nose-tail length in hypophysectomized rats by increasing the thickness of growth zones in the tail vertebrae, suggesting that GH increases the thickness of the growth plate by stimulating the proliferation of chondrocytes.
Is a preemployment chest radiograph necessary for NHS employees?
Authors: S J Jachuck, C L Bound, C E Jones, M Bryson
Journal: BMJ (1988)

patient is sensitive to wool.These materials are of different thicknesses, so minor adjustments to the fit of the socket can be achieved.Socks must be washed carefully, following the written instructions given; and they should be changed regularly to avoid skin problems. DangersPatients with artificial legs have delayed proprioception and impaired balance.They should therefore be made aware of the danger of tripping over low obstructions, stairs, slopes, and uneven or slippery surfaces.Knee locks, if fitted, should be used in potentially dangerous situations. General pointsIf a leg has been amputated application for the mobility allowance and for a disabled car badge should be considered.It may be necessary to adapt the patient's car.Drivers with artificial limbs should be reminded that the licensing authority must be informed of their condition.
Rapid Detection of Pyuria by Leukocyte Esterase Activity
Authors: Rodney K. Kusumi
Journal: JAMA (1981)

To evaluate whether leukocyte esterase activity is a useful biochemical marker of pyuria, we examined urine from 20 healthy volunteers, 47 patients with renal disease, and 399 specimens from 72 hospitalized patients with catheters. Microscopic quantification of leukocytes (centrifuged sediment and volumetric chamber count) was compared with esterase activity in the urine. The three tests were closely correlated. The coefficients were esterase vs chamber,.85; esterase vs sediment,.74; and chamber vs sediment,.82. The chamber count and esterase test were more sensitive than the sediment in detecting pyuria. Using ten or more cells per cubic millimeter as denoting significant pyuria, the esterase test gave a sensitivity of 87.9% and a specificity of 94.3%. Esterase activity did not require intact cells and was not affected by urinary pH, protein, bacteriuria, underlying disease, renal function, or receipt of a variety of drugs. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;245:1653-1655)
CORONARY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY DECREASES LENGTH OF STAY IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CHEST PAIN COMPARED TO STRESS TESTING: DOES TIME OF PATIENT PRESENTATION AFFECT THIS RELATIONSHIP?
Authors: Simon A. Mahler, Jamaji Nwanaji-Enwerem, Chadwick D. Miller, James W. Hoekstra, David C. Goff
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Potential Liability for Transfusion-Associated AIDS
Authors: Robert Westphal
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To theEditor.—</h3> The SPECIAL COMMUNICATION by Miller et al<sup>1</sup>on potential liability for transfusion-associated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) deserves several comments. I would like to address one of them. Twice the authors make a recommendation concerning "directed donations" implying that they are safer than usual volunteer blood and that acceptance of them reduces liability for blood banks and physicians with regard to transfusion-associated AIDS. Although the second point seems to follow from the first, there are grave concerns with the premises underlying the first that need to be addressed. Virtually the entire blood banking community, including the American Red Cross, the American Association of Blood Banks, and the Council of Community Blood Centers, have gone on record as being opposed to directed donations, that is, blood donated specifically by friends and/or relatives for a specific patient. There are several reasons for this. First, the logistics ensuring that this blood
Cry Bloody Murder: A Tale of Tainted Blood
Authors: David Green
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In 1965, Pool and Shannon<sup>1</sup>described a method for concentrating factor VIII from large volumes of donor plasma. This made possible the commercialization of factor VIII production for the treatment of hemophilia. The commercial concentrates were easy to use and effective, but, as became abundantly clear two decades later, they were contaminated with hepatitis and human immunodeficiency (HIV) viruses. Thousands of hemophiliacs have died from the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and thousands more are now living with the virus. Mrs DePrince has been deeply hurt by this tragedy; of her five children, three acquired AIDS through therapy for hemophilia; the two most written about in this book died at ages 12 and 15. DePrince tries to show that the tragedy was avoidable, that manufacturers were aware that concentrates were contaminated by hepatitis viruses before the AIDS epidemic but took no action to improve the quality of their products, that
Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) is an important protumorigenic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tony Gutschner, Monika Hämmerle, Nikolaos Pazaitis, Nadine Bley, Evgenij Fiskin, Hannah Uckelmann, Andreas Heim, Matthias Groβ, Nina Hofmann, Robert Geffers, Britta Skawran, Thomas Longerich, Kai Breuhahn, Peter Schirmacher, Britta Mühleck, Stefan Hüttelmaier, Sven Diederichs
Journal: Hepatology (2014)

Hepatocarcinogenesis is a stepwise process. It involves several genetic and epigenetic alterations, e.g., loss of tumor suppressor gene expression ( TP53, PTEN, RB ) as well as activation of oncogenes (c - MYC, MET, BRAF, RAS ). However, the role of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), which regulate tumor suppressor and oncogene expression at the posttranscriptional level, are not well understood in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we analyzed RBPs induced in human liver cancer, revealing 116 RBPs with a significant and more than 2-fold higher expression in HCC compared to normal liver tissue. We focused our subsequent analyses on the Insulin-like growth factor 2 messenger RNA (mRNA)-binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) representing the most strongly up-regulated RBP in HCC in our cohort. Depletion of IGF2BP1 from multiple liver cancer cell lines inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in vitro . Accordingly, murine xenograft assays after stable depletion of IGF2BP1 reveal that tumor growth, but not tumor initiation, strongly depends on IGF2BP1 in vivo . At the molecular level, IGF2BP1 binds to and stabilizes the c-MYC and MKI67 mRNAs and increases c-Myc and Ki-67 protein expression, two potent regulators of cell proliferation and apoptosis. These substrates likely mediate the impact of IGF2BP1 in human liver cancer, but certainly additional target genes contribute to its function. Conclusion : The RNA-binding protein IGF2BP1 is an important protumorigenic factor in liver carcinogenesis. Hence, therapeutic targeting of IGF2BP1 may offer options for intervention in human HCC. (Hepatology 2014;59:1900–1911)
Fetal Heart Rate Response to Maternal Exertion
Authors: Marshall W. Carpenter, Stanley P. Sady, Bente Hoegsberg, Mina A. Sady, Barbara Haydon, Eileen M. Cullinane, Donald R. Coustan, Paul D. Thompson
Journal: JAMA (1988)

Doppler monitoring of fetal heart rates during maternal exertion has suggested that fetal bradycardia occurs frequently during vigorous exercise, causing concern for fetal safety. Doppler determination of fetal heart rate during vigorous maternal effort is difficult. To avoid motion artifact, we observed fetal heart rate using two-dimensional ultrasound and determined the incidence of fetal bradycardia in 45 pregnant women (age, 29.0 +/- 3.7 years [mean +/- SD]; gestational age, 25.2 +/- 3.0 weeks) during 85 submaximal and 79 maximal cycle ergometer tests. Average fetal heart rate did not change during exercise. A single episode of fetal bradycardia (heart rate less than 110 beats per minute for greater than or equal to 10 s) occurred during submaximal exertion during a maternal vasovagal episode. Sixteen episodes of fetal bradycardia were noted within three minutes after cessation of exercise, 15 of which followed maximal maternal effort. We conclude that brief submaximal maternal exercise up to approximately 70% of maximal aerobic power (maternal heart rate less than or equal to 148 beats per minute) does not affect fetal heart rate. In contrast to submaximal maternal exertion, maximal exertion is commonly followed by fetal bradycardia. This may indicate inadequate fetal gas exchange.
Essays of a Humanist
Authors: Lester S. King
Journal: JAMA (1964)

For today's problems there exists no capsule solution, yet a thoughtful study, couched in enjoyable prose, will enrich our understanding and widen our perspective. Sir Julian Huxley exhibits a rare combination of gifts—scientific acumen, critical ability, a fine literary style, and something important to say. His new volume of essays offers enjoyable and stimulating adventures of the mind.  Huxley has devoted a large part of his professional life to the study of evolution and the relations of evolutionary thought to the 19th-century scene and to modern thinking. Evolution not only concerns biology in its narrow sense, but affects all aspects of the life sciences, broadly considered, as well as non-biological sciences. The philosophical problems receive especial attention.  Evolution so far as it concerns man, Huxley emphasizes, now seems to depend less on genetic change than on cultural change. From the purely biological phase we have progressed to what he calls
Childhood leukaemia and radioactive discharges at Sellafield.
Authors: D Jakeman
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Congress of the European Society of MagneticResonance in Medicine and Biology, Aberdeen 1986).In addition, the presence and extent of periventricular "lucency," representing a local increase in water content, is more clearly shown with magnetic resonance imaging.We think that cerebrospinal fluid volume measurements and ventricular:cortical sulcal ratios will provide a more rational basis for diagnosis and management.