tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Membrane Fluidity, Membrane Lipid Pattern, and Cytosolic Ca2+ Content in Platelets from a Group of Type II Diabetic Patients with Macrovascular Complications
Authors: Gregorio Caimi, Rosalia Lo Presti, Maria Montana, Baldassare Canino, Giuseppe Ventimiglia, Adele Romano, Anna Catania, Antonio Sarno
Journal: Diabetes Care (1995)

To evaluate platelet membrane fluidity and some platelet metabolic parameters in type II diabetic patients with macrovascular complications.In a group of 21 type II diabetic patients with macrovascular complications, we evaluated platelet membrane fluidity [marking intact resting platelets with the fluorescent probe 1,4-(trimethylamino)-phenyl-4-phenylhexatriene (TMA-DPH)], platelet membrane lipid pattern (cholesterol:phospholipid [C:PL] ratio and individual phospholipids), and platelet cytosolic Ca2+ content (marking intact resting platelets with the fluorescent probe Fura 2AM).Platelet membrane fluidity is decreased in type II diabetic patients with macrovascular complications compared with normal subjects (P < 0.001). Platelet membrane C:PL ratio and cytosolic Ca2+ content do not discriminate normal subjects from diabetic patients, and for individual phospholipids, only phosphatidylethanolamine is decreased in diabetic patients compared with control subjects (P = 0.051). In normal subjects, the polarization degree of TMA-DPH is related to phosphatidylserine (P < 0.05) and phosphatidylcholine (P < 0.05), and in diabetic patients the polarization degree of TMA-DPH is related to C:PL ratio (P < 0.05) and sphyngomyelin (P < 0.05).In type II diabetic patients with macrovascular complications, we observed an abnormality of platelet membrane fluidity, which may contribute to platelet functional alteration present in this clinical condition.
Nutrient intake, adiposity, and diabetes.
Authors: H Keen, B J Thomas, R J Jarrett, J H Fuller
Journal: BMJ (1979)

To study the role of nutritional factors in the genesis of diabetes, estimations of blood sugar concentration, food intake, and adiposity (as body mass index; BMI) were carried out on three normal population samples--namely, 961 employees of Beecham Ltd, 1005 employees of the Greater London Council, and 1488 middle-aged male civil servants (Whitehall study). Blood sugar concentrations and indices of glucose tolerance correlated positively with the degree of adiposity but tended to be negatively correlated with total food energy intake and its component nutrients (total carbohydrate, sucrose, and fat). This inverse trend was largely accounted for by highly significant inverse correlations between food energy intake and adiposity, a relation found in both sexes and in all three population samples and which extended across the whole range of nutrient intake and BMI. These findings suggest that greater degrees of adiposity are associated with lower than average food energy intakes and hence lower total energy expenditures. The association of increased adiposity with low food energy consumption may indicate an underlying "low energy throughput" state, and it may be the mechanisms of this, as well as the obesity, that are responsible for disease.
Validation of a new echocardiographic index for the noninvasive assessment of left ventricular filling pressures in children
Authors: William L. Border, Erik C. Michelfelder, Sandra A. Witt, Betty J. Glascock, David Shim, Robert L. Spicer, Robert H. Beekman, Thomas R. Kimball
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Abstract P6-09-11: Wide Scale, Automated Breast Cancer Risk Assessment and Decision Support for High Risk Women: www.BreastHealthDecisions.org
Authors: EM Ozanne, T Bechtold, S Boortz, LJ. Esserman
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: Despite compelling evidence indicating chemopreventive agents can reduce the risk of developing breast cancer, they remain underused. This is common in elective therapies that hold the possibility of side effects. Effective risk stratification and patient-provider communication are critical for identifying those patients who stand to benefit most from these agents. However, there are few tools available for wide scale breast cancer risk assessment that also integrate decision support. To address this critical gap in healthcare delivery, we developed and performed preliminary evaluations of www.BreastHealthDecisions.org. This tool provides automated risk assessment and internet-based, patient-tailored decision support. Development Methods: www.BreastHealthDecisions.org was developed to guide informed, value-driven, and patient-centered breast cancer prevention decisions. We implemented four commonly used breast cancer risk prediction models in the form of web-services to provide wide scale automated, individualized breast cancer risk assessments. Our internet-based decision aid is then tailored to individual patients based on risk predictions from these models. The decision aid is designed to integrate patient data from multiple sources including electronic surveys, electronic medical record (EMR), and other databases. Evaluation Methods: Under Institutional Review Board approval, we evaluated the risk assessment tool and decision aid through patient focus groups, usability testing, and provider interviews (including breast specialist, primary care physicians, and genetic counselors). This included demonstrations and data collection at two scientific conferences (2009 International Shared Decision Making Conference, 2009 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium) Result: Overall, the evaluations were favorable. The patient focus group evaluations and usability testing (N=34) provided qualitative feedback about the format and design of the decision aid; 88% of these participants found the tool useful and 94% found it easy to use. 91% of the providers (N=23) indicated that they would use the risk assessment tool and decision aid in their clinical setting. Conclusion: www.BreastHealthDecisions.org represents a new approach to breast cancer prevention care and a framework for high quality preventive healthcare. The ability to integrate wide scale risk assessment and decision support in real time will allows for informed, value-driven, and patient-centered breast cancer prevention decisions. The tool is being further evaluated in a randomized controlled trial designed to determine the optimal mode of delivery in the primary care setting. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-09-11.
The Specific Gravity of the Urine in Cases of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: W. D. Halliburton
Journal: BMJ (1892)

A haemoglobin survey carried out in southern Sardinian newborn infants showed an overall incidence of 12.9% with haemoglobin Bart9s of more than 1%. The distribution was trimodal: low (1 to 2%), intermediate (2 to 10%), and high (about 25%). A considerable overlap was seen between the first two groups. Both the 1 to 2% and 2 to 10% groups had thalassaemia-like red cell indices at birth. Newborn infants ascertained as having alpha-thalassaemia at follow-up did not necessarily have unbalanced alpha/non-alpha chain synthesis at birth. At follow-up examination two subjects in the 25% group had developed haemoglobin H disease, and the 2 to 10% group had thalassaemia-like red cell indices and unbalanced globin chain synthesis ratios indicative of heterozygous alpha-thalassaemia. The 1 to 2% group either had normal or slightly reduced alpha-chain synthesis ratios, indicative of the silent alpha-thalassaemia carrier state. Two subjects with 2.0% and 2.5% haemoglobin Bart9s at birth had heterozygous beta-thalassaemia at follow-up. Therefore, they were double heterozygotes for alpha- and beta-thalassaemia with alpha/beta-globin chain synthesis ratios of 0.81 and 0.86. Genotype assessment in a few families showed that infants with haemoglobin Bart9s levels of more than 2% may have one of the genotypes --alpha/ --alpha or -- --/alpha alpha.
Recognizing mastocytosis in patients with anaphylaxis: Value of KIT D816V mutation analysis of peripheral blood
Authors: Sigurd Broesby-Olsen, Athamaica Ruiz Oropeza, Carsten Bindslev-Jensen, Hanne Vestergaard, Michael Boe Møller, Frank Siebenhaar, Thomas Kristensen, Charlotte G. Mortz
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
Clinical pharmacology. Adverse reactions to drugs.
Authors: M D Rawlins
Journal: BMJ (1981)

Adverse drug reactions (defined as unintended effects of sub- stances used in the prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of disease) are common.They are responsible for 3-5% of hospital admissions, occur in 10-20% of hospital inpatients, and have recently been reported in 40% of patients receiving drugs in * Phenytoin, phenobarbitone, carbamazepine.t Phenytoin $ Especially chlordiazepoxide.§ Especially chlorpromazine.
Experience vs Experiments With the Purse-String Closure
Authors: Ian A. Maher, Scott Fosko, Murad Alam
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Acute splenic abscess due to Salmonella chester.
Authors: I H Scott, H W Thomas, R O Walters
Journal: BMJ (1977)

DiscussionNumerous cutaneous manifestations have been reported in association with myelomatosis and other immunoproliferative disorders.Pruritus, which is the outstanding feature of many skin diseases, is also well-recognised in systemic disorders3 and is commonly seen in association with lymphoid neoplasms, myeloproliferative disorders, and other haematological diseases.Pruritus often antedates the correct diagnosis by some time.The present cases illustrate that myelomatosis may present with generalised pruritus, an association that has apparently not been reported.Zelicovici et a14 reported three cases of generalised pruritus with a paraproteinaemia, but these patients were eventually classified as benign gammopathies.Rajka' suspected myelomatosis in one patient with pruritus but did not substantiate the diagnosis.Pruritus has been reported in myelomatosis but only as a feature of renal disease and not underlying malignancy.' Renal hypofunction was not present in either of our patients.The pattern of response after treatment suggests a direct cause and effect relationship.Thus myelomatosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of generalised pruritus due to internal disease.
Children who miss immunisation: implications for eliminating measles
Authors: M. R Evans
Journal: BMJ (1995)

The United Kingdom aims to eliminate indigenous measles by the year 2000. National coverage of measles, mumps, and rubella immunisation is currently 92%, and protective efficacy of measles vaccine is around 90-95%.1 2 Even with high immunisation coverage, however, primary vaccine failure will continue to sustain measles transmission in the community.2 Thus a two dose measles immunisation schedule has been used for several years in the United States and is now proposed for the United Kingdom.3 Most (97%) children who fail to respond to a single dose will produce antibody after reimmunisation.4 The most cost effective option is probably to give a second dose at the same time as the existing preschool booster of diphtheria-tetanus and polio.

For this strategy to be successful it is important to know what proportion of children who miss out on measles, mumps, and rubella immunisation are likely to attend for a preschool booster, and how many will miss out on both. I examined data on children in South Glamorgan to answer these questions.
Wide diversity of PAX5 alterations in B-ALL: a Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique study
Authors: Etienne Coyaud, Stephanie Struski, Nais Prade, Julien Familiades, Ruth Eichner, Cathy Quelen, Marina Bousquet, Francine Mugneret, Pascaline Talmant, Marie-Pierre Pages, Christine Lefebvre, Dominique Penther, Eric Lippert, Nathalie Nadal, Sylvie Taviaux, Bruce Poppe, Isabelle Luquet, Laurence Baranger, Virginie Eclache, Isabelle Radford, Carole Barin, Marie-Joëlle Mozziconacci, Marina Lafage-Pochitaloff, Hélène Antoine-Poirel, Christiane Charrin, Christine Perot, Christine Terre, Pierre Brousset, Nicole Dastugue, Cyril Broccardo
Journal: Blood (2010)
Filamentous, helical, and tubular microstructures during cholesterol crystallization from bile. Evidence that cholesterol does not nucleate classic monohydrate plates.
Authors: F M Konikoff, D S Chung, J M Donovan, D M Small, M C Carey
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1992)

Precipitation of cholesterol in gallbladder bile is believed to produce platelike cholesterol monohydrate crystals directly. We report complementary time-lapse microscopic studies of cholesterol crystallization from model bile that reveal initial assembly of filamentous cholesterol crystals covered by a monomolecular layer of lecithin. Over a few days, the filaments evolved through needle, helical, and tubular microstructures to form classical platelike cholesterol monohydrate crystals. Similar crystallization phenomena were observed in human gallbladder biles from cholesterol but not pigment stone patients. Synchrotron x-ray diffraction of the earliest filaments suggested a cholesterol monohydrate polymorph or admixture with an anhydrous cholesterol precursor. However, density gradient centrifugation of filamentous crystals revealed that their density was 1.032 g/ml, consistent with anhydrous cholesterol. Conventional x-ray diffraction of transitional crystalline forms was consistent with pure cholesterol monohydrate crystals, as were the equilibrium platelike crystals. These novel findings suggest that crystalline cholesterol in bile may not be completely mature or hydrated initially, but undergoes a series of transformations to become thermodynamically stable monohydrate plates. These observations have important implications for understanding the control of cholesterol crystallization in bile, as well as explaining putative crystal cytotoxicity during gallstone formation.
Superior Mediastinal Syndrome in a Young Child
Authors: Kook Sang Oh
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Dr. Adah M. Duncan: The patient, a 7-year-old white boy, had been treated for three weeks with antibiotics for what was thought to be upper-respiratory tract infection and had shown no response. During this period, he had become anorectic and had lost 2.7 kg (6 lb). During the week before admission, the patient was noted to turn blue and become acutely short of breath when he bent forward. On the day of admission, a stridor developed and he was severely short of breath at rest. At the time of admission, the respiratory rate was 32 per minute, temperature was 102 F (38.9 C), and blood pressure was 115/90 mm Hg. His face was pale and puffy with venous engorgement in the neck and over the chest. There was a firm, palpable supraclavicular lymph node on the left side measuring 1.5 cm in diameter. Breath sounds were decreased bilaterally, and there
Long-Term Predictors of Aortic Root Dilation and Aortic Regurgitation After Arterial Switch Operation
Authors: Marcy L. Schwartz, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Pedro del Nido, John E. Mayer, Steven D. Colan
Journal: Circulation (2004)

Background— Neo-aortic root dilation (ARD) and neo-aortic regurgitation (AR) may be progressive after arterial switch operation (ASO) for d-loop transposition of the great arteries (dTGA). We sought to identify predictors of ARD and AR after ASO. Methods and Results— 335 patients were identified who underwent ASO for dTGA with intact ventricular septum or ventricular septal defect (VSD), including double-outlet right ventricle (DORV), before 2001 with at least 1 postoperative echocardiogram at our institution, at least 1 year after ASO, and no previous atrial switch procedure (median follow-up of 5.0 years). Probability of freedom from ARD was 97%, 92%, 82%, and 51%, from at least moderate AR was 98%, 97%, 96%, and 93%, and from neo-aortic valve or root surgery was 100%, 100%, 99%, and 95%, at 1, 2, 5, and 10 years, respectively. For patients in whom ARD developed, progressive dilation was not observed during late follow-up. By Kaplan–Meier method, independent predictors of ARD, with neo-aortic root z-score of ≥3.0, were previous pulmonary artery band (PAB) ( P =0.002, hazard ratio [HR]=2.4) and later time period when ASO was performed ( P &lt;0.002, HR=19.0). Risk factor for at least moderate AR was age ≥1 year at ASO ( P =0.002, HR=5.8), which was closely related to VSD repair at ASO ( P &lt;0.001) and previous PAB. Conclusions— Significant ARD and AR continue to develop over time after ASO, but ARD does not tend to be progressive during late follow-up. Previous PAB was a significant risk factor for ARD. Older age at time of ASO, presence of VSD, and previous PAB were risk factors for AR.
Sexual Activity in Midlife Women and Beyond
Authors: Balasubramanian Srilatha, Zhongwei Huang, Ganesan P. Adaikan
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Biochemical toxicology of unsaturated halogenated monomers.
Authors: R J Jaeger, R B Conolly, E S Reynolds, S D Murphy
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

Previous inhalation toxicity studies from our laboratory have shown that 1,1-dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE), 1,1-dibromoethylene (1,1-DBE), and 2-chloro-1,3,-butadiene (2-CBD) are more toxic to fasted rats than to fed rats. Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) and 1,1-difluoroethylene (1,1-DFE) were not acutely hepatotoxic at 46,500 and 82,000 ppm, respectively, in normal male rats, whether fed or fasted. On a molar basis, 1,1-DBE and 1,1-DCE have similar toxicities while 2-CBD is less toxic. All three compounds produce similar elevation of serum transaminase and bloody ascites, although at differing times following differing exposure concentrations. 1,1-DCE produces massive midzonal hepatic necrosis with hepatic thrombosis and chromatolysis within 2 hr after a 4 hr exposure of fasted rats to 200 ppm. Subsequent to formation of this midzonal lesion, the central portion of the lobule collapses, accompanied by congestion, ascites, and in increased hematocrit in the rat. Serum transaminase and sorbital dehydrogenase are greatly elevated at 6 hr. This effect in fasted rats is associated with glutathione (GSH) depletion. Diethyl maleate (DEM) which depletes GSH in fed rats potentiates the injury associated with 1,1-DCE exposure as well as that produced by 2-CBD. Rats fed ad libitum and exposed to 1,1-DCE or 2-CBD at night, a time of low hepatic GSH concentration, exhibit enhancement of hepatotoxic response when compared to animals exposed during the day when GSH is high.
Third Annual World Congress on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome
Authors: Zachary T. Bloomgarden
Journal: Diabetes Care (2006)

This is the third of three articles reviewing presentations at the 3rd Annual World Congress on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome, San Francisco, California, 17–19 November 2005.

Pamela Goodwin (Toronto, Canada) introduced the topic of insulin resistance and malignancy, pointing out that there is variation in cancer incidence around the world, with variations in diet and obesity as important determining factors, and perhaps with the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) as the underlying state leading to both increased cancer risk and worse outcomes of cancers of breast, prostate, colon, and many other tissues. Mediators may include activation of tyrosine kinase signaling pathways of premalignant and malignant cells via the insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and IGF-2 receptors. Insulin receptors are present on normal breast, colorectal, and other cells, and in cancer cell lines, binding of the insulin receptor activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways, and insulin stimulates cell-cycle progression, with the potential to increase epithelial cell proliferation in colon and other tissues. Hormone receptor negative breast cancers, particularly those not expressing the progesterone receptor, may have increased signaling through the insulin receptor. There are two forms of the insulin receptor. The A form is mainly seen in the fetal state, and also in the adult central nervous system (CNS), with the B form seen in the adult. The A form has high-affinity IGF-2 binding, has mitogenic and antiapoptotic effects, and hybridizes with the IGF-1 receptor; therefore, a fruitful area of research in carcinogenesis may be the expression of this form of the insulin receptor.

Gerald Reaven (Stanford, CA) noted that differential tissue insulin sensitivity may be important in the relationship between the IRS and malignancy. The dose-response curve of adipose tissue to insulin shows a greater degree of insulin effect than that seen in skeletal muscle. Similarly, in the IRS not every …