tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of jet nebulisers for use with gentamicin solution.
Authors: S P Newman, P G Pellow, M M Clay, S W Clarke
Journal: Thorax (1985)

Recently nebulised antibiotics (gentamicin and carbenicillin) have been used successfully to treat respiratory tract infection in patients with cystic fibrosis. No information exists, however, on the choice of nebuliser or the ideal mode of operation with antibiotic solutions, which are often viscous. The aerosol output, droplet size, and nebulisation time were assessed for four common brands of jet nebuliser (Bird, DeVilbiss, Inspiron, and Upmist) used to nebulise 2 ml (80 mg) and 4 ml (160 mg) of gentamicin solution (Garamycin, Kirby-Warrick) at four compressed gas flow rates (6, 8, 10, and 12 1 . min-1). There were considerable variations between the nebulisers, DeVilbiss and Upmist being most efficient in the release of respirable (less than 5 micron diameter) droplets. Droplet size and nebulisation time were inversely proportional to gas flow rate. Aerosol output and nebulisation time were increased by raising the volume fill from 2 to 4 ml, although nebulisation time could still be restricted to 12 minutes or less with DeVilbiss and Upmist at 12 1 . min-1. The output of drug in droplets of below 5 micron diameter ranged from 7.2 (SE 0.4) to 71.4 (4.3) mg, according to the type of nebuliser, flow rate, and volume fill. These studies suggest that for optimal drug delivery 4 ml gentamicin solution should be nebulised either at a fixed flow rate of 10-12 1 . min-1 or with a high flow compressor. Previous unsatisfactory clinical results with antibiotic aerosols may have been due in part to incorrect choice of nebuliser or inappropriate operating conditions, or both.
Bacillary angiomatosis in a patient with lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: L. TOROK, SZ. VIRAGH, I. BORKA, M. TARPAI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

Journal Article Bacillary angiomatosis in a patient with lymphocytic leukaemia Get access L. TÖRÖK, L. TÖRÖK Department of Dermatology Båcs‐Kiskun Country Hospital, Kecskemet, Hungary Dr L. Török, Department of Dermatology. Bács‐Kiskun County Hospital, H‐6000 Kecskemét. PO Box 109. Hungary. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar SZ. VIRÅGH, SZ. VIRÅGH Department of Pathology, Postgraduate Medical University, Budapest, Hungary Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. BORKA, I. BORKA Blood Bank. Båcs‐Kiskun Country Hospital, Kecskemet, Hungary Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. TÁRPAI M. TÁRPAI Department of Dermatology Båcs‐Kiskun Country Hospital, Kecskemet, Hungary Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 130, Issue 5, 1 May 1994, Pages 665–668, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1994.tb13118.x Published: 01 May 1994 Article history Accepted: 07 September 1993 Published: 01 May 1994
Was Bullis Fever Actually Ehrlichiosis?
Authors: Jerome Goddard
Journal: JAMA (1988)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> In light of recent reports of human cases of canine ehrlichiosis (<i>Ehrlichia canis</i>),<sup>1</sup>several possibilities come to mind as to the status of this "new" disease. First of all, these cases may not be caused by<i>E canis</i>but by a closely related organism or even another hitherto unknown spotted fever—group rickettsia. Second, if these reports represent true<i>E canis</i>infection, then either this agent has always occasionally infected humans and gone unnoticed or<i>E canis</i>is becoming adapted to the human host. I propose that human ehrlichiosis may be identical to the long-forgotten Bullis fever that occurred among troops at Camp Bullis, Tex (near San Antonio), during 1942 and 1943. The disease involved more than 1000 cases and one death and reportedly was transmitted by the Lone Star tick,<i>Amblyomma</i><i>americanum</i>, which was abundant in the training area.<sup>2</sup>No cases of Bullis fever
Phylogenetically Close Group I Introns with Different Positions among Paramecium bursaria Photobionts Imply a Primitive Stage of Intron Diversification
Authors: R. Hoshina, N. Imamura
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

Group I introns are a distinct RNA group that catalyze their excision from precursor RNA transcripts and ligate the exons. Group I introns have a sporadic and highly biased distribution due to the two intron transfer mechanisms of homing and reverse splicing. These transfer pathways recognize assigned sequences even when introns are transferred beyond the species level. Consequently, introns at homologous gene sites between different host organisms are more related than those at heterologous sites within an organism. We describe the subgroup IE introns of two Chlorella species that are symbiotic green algae (photobionts) of a ciliate, Paramecium bursaria. One strain Chlorella sp. SW1-ZK (Csw.) had two IE introns at S651 and L2449, and the other strain Chlorella sp. OK1-ZK (Cok.) had four IE introns at S943, L1688, L1926, and L2184 (numbering reflects their homologous position in Escherichia coli rRNA gene: S = small subunit rRNA, L = large subunit rRNA). Despite locating on six heterologous sites, the introns formed a monophyletic clade independent of other groups. Phylogenetic and structural analyses of the introns indicated that Csw.L2449 has an archaic state, and the other introns are assumed to be originated from this intron. Some of the introns shared common internal guide sequences, which are necessary for misdirected transfer (i.e., transposition) via reverse splicing. Other introns, however, shared similar sequence fragments further upstream, after the insertions. We propose a hypothetical model to explain how these intron transpositions may have occurred in these photobionts; they transposed by a combination of homing-like event requiring relaxed sequence homology of recognition sequences and reverse splicing. This case study may represent a key to describe how group I intron explores new insertion sites.
Determinants of Early Mortality and Late Survival in Mitral Valve Endocarditis
Authors: Sary F. Aranki, David H. Adams, Robert J. Rizzo, Gregory S. Couper, Timothy E. Sullivan, John J. Collins, Lawrence H. Cohn
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Infective mitral valve endocarditis continues to be a significant surgical challenge. The objective of this study was to examine our experience with mitral valve endocarditis surgery and identify determinants of early mortality and late survival. Methods and Results Over a 24-year period, mitral valve surgery was performed in 96 patients for infective mitral valve endocarditis. Patient age ranged from 20 to 78 years (median age, 52 years). There were 44 women (46%), and 48 of the 96 patients (50%) were in New York Heart Association functional class IV before surgery. Native valve endocarditis (NVE) and prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) were present in 72 patients (75%) and 24 patients (25%), respectively. Surgery during the active phase of endocarditis (AE) was required in 60 patients (62%) and during the healed phase (HE) in 36 (38%). The main indications for surgery in the AE group were congestive heart failure (60%), active sepsis (67%), peripheral emboli (47%), and acute renal failure (20%), and for the HE group the main indication was progressive congestive heart failure (69%). The overall operative mortality was 5.2%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified PVE (odds ratio [OR] 22.5; ±95% confidence interval, CI, 1.9 to 268; P =.014) and an associated procedure (OR 13.3; ±95% CI, 1.5 to 120; P =.021) to be independent predictors for early mortality. Follow-up was 97% complete, with a median of 3.5 years. Overall 5- and 10-year survivals were 83±4% and 63±8%, respectively. Multivariate analysis for late mortality identified PVE to be a significant predictor of late mortality (hazards ratio=3.1, ±95% CI, 1.4 to 6.8, P =.006). There were no significant differences in long-term morbidity results among the various subsets of mitral valve endocarditis. Conclusions Mitral valve surgery for infective endocarditis is a significant high-risk procedure for PVE and when combined with associated procedures. The activity of endocarditis does not appear to have any influence on early mortality or long-term survival.
Increased Clearance of Propranolol in Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: JOHN FEELY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

The pharmacokinetics of oral propranolol were studied during chronic treatment in six patients when thyrotoxic and again when euthyroid. The mean total plasma propranolol steady-state concentration was 42% lower when the patients were thyrotoxic. After treatment of thyrotoxicosis there was a fall (p < 0.05) in the oral clearance of both total (4.2 ± 0.6 to 2.7 ± 0.4 L/min, mean ± SEM) and free (30.5 ± 4.7 to 25.5 ± 4.1 L/min) propranolol although the half-life of propranolol did not change significantly. The free fraction of propranolol was higher (p < 0.05) in the thyrotoxic (14.2% ± 1.3%) than in the euthyroid (11.4% ± 0.8%) state. These results suggest that the pharmacokinetics of propranolol are significantly altered in thyrotoxicosis.
677 OPPOSITE EFFECTS OF BILE ACIDS AND ESTROGENS ON HEME OXYGENASE ACTIVITY: IMPLICATIONS FOR ETHINYLESTRADIOL-INDUCED CHOLESTASIS
Authors: L. Muchova, K. Vanova, J. Zelenka, M. Lenicek, M. Juklova, D. Cerny, H. Farghali, R.J. Wong, H.J. Vreman, L. Vitek
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
ACUTE PNEUMOCOCCUS ENDOCARDITIS FOLLOWING EXTRACTION OF TEETH
Authors: Robert Kapsinow
Journal: JAMA (1930)

When one considers the enormous number of teeth that are extracted yearly in the United States because of focal infection, it is surprising that serious complications are not more commonly found. It is known, however, that the removal of infected teeth per se or as the source of focal infection may give rise to serious complications.  Blumer1has classified the different types of fatal lesions that may result from tooth infection as follows:   Direction extension of the local inflammatory process with spreading inflammation, which may even invade the mediastinum, and death from toxemia.  Metastasis to neighboring tissues, such as occurs in cases of meningitis or thrombosis of the cerebral sinuses following tooth extraction.  General septicemia or septicopyemia, which may terminate in: (a) acute septicemia with or without endocarditis; (b) chronic septicemia with degenerative processes in the internal organs, or (c) prolonged septicopyemia with the formation of abscesses.   REPORT OF
On Uterine Haemorrhage and a New Method of Treatment
Authors: R. Richardson
Journal: BMJ (1884)

TOB BRIZ'ISH MEDICAL JO0N later, and a minute white speck;was found at the point of injection; no other morbid appearances.SERIES IX.-Acute abscess of the mamma.Micrococci found in pus, and cultivations obtained from it.Five minims of these micrococci, growing in meat-infusion in the presence of air, were injected subcutaneously into a monkey and a rabbit respectively.No effect was produced in either case.SERIES X.-Micrococci from contagious ophthalmia, grown on un- neutralised meat-gelatine.A flask of meat-infusion was inoculated from this and grown in air.Two and a half cubic centimetres were injected into the jugular vein of a rabbit without effect.Ten minims injected subcutaneously into a rabbit produced no effect.Five minims injected subcutaneously into a mouse had no effect.Two and a half minims were inijected subcutaneously into a mouse ; the animal died five days later ; there was no trace of abscess.SERIES XI.2-A month later, another flask of meat-infusion was inoculated from the same tube, and two and a half cubic centimetres of the fluid were injected into the jugular vein of a rabbit without effect.Two cubic centimetres of the same were injected into the jugular vein of a rabbit, and ten minims subcutaneously, without effect.
Telomere Length and Risk of Incident Cancer and Cancer Mortality
Authors: Peter Willeit, Johann Willeit, Agnes Mayr, Siegfried Weger, Friedrich Oberhollenzer, Anita Brandstätter, Florian Kronenberg, Stefan Kiechl
Journal: JAMA (2010)

Telomeres are essential to preserve the integrity of the genome. Critically short telomeres lead to replicative cell senescence and chromosomal instability and may thereby increase cancer risk.To determine the association between baseline telomere length and incident cancer and cancer mortality.Leukocyte telomere length was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 787 participants free of cancer at baseline in 1995 from the prospective, population-based Bruneck Study in Italy.Incident cancer and cancer mortality over a follow-up period of 10 years (1995-2005 with a follow-up rate of 100%).A total of 92 of 787 participants (11.7%) developed cancer (incidence rate, 13.3 per 1000 person-years). Short telomere length at baseline was associated with incident cancer independently of standard cancer risk factors (multivariable hazard ratio [HR] per 1-SD decrease in log(e)-transformed telomere length, 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30-1.98; P < .001). Compared with participants in the longest telomere length group, the multivariable HR for incident cancer was 2.15 (95% CI, 1.12-4.14) in the middle length group and 3.11 (95% CI, 1.65-5.84) in the shortest length group (P < .001). Incidence rates were 5.1 (95% CI, 2.9-8.7) per 1000 person-years in the longest telomere length group, 14.2 (95% CI, 10.0-20.1) per 1000 person-years in the middle length group, and 22.5 (95% CI, 16.9-29.9) per 1000 person-years in the shortest length group. The association equally applied to men and women and emerged as robust under a variety of circumstances. Furthermore, short telomere length was associated with cancer mortality (multivariable HR per 1-SD decrease in log(e)-transformed telomere length, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.58-2.86; P < .001) and individual cancer subtypes with a high fatality rate.In this study population, there was a statistically significant inverse relationship between telomere length and both cancer incidence and mortality.
Ruptured abdominal aorta infected with Salmonella brandenburg.
Authors: B. P. Bliss, R. N. Maini, J. T. Scott
Journal: BMJ (1968)

am = 751 scale).Cardiac massage, ventilation of the lungs with 100% 02, and surface cooling were continued.Calcium gluconate 1 g. was injected and sodium bicarbonate 40 mEq infused.After 40 minutes the heart beat returned, in sinus rhythm; 45 g. of urea in invert sugar was injected.Temperature was 107' F. (41.7'C.) at this time, and dropped rapidly to 95°F.(35°C.)with continued cooling.Shivering was uncon- trollable, so 50 mg. of suxamethonium was injected intravenously, giving much better control of ventilation.There was no return of consciousness or of spontaneous respiration.At 12 noon blood gas analysis showed: pH 7.01, arterial oxygen saturation 94.5%, Pco2 36.0, standard HCO3 7.0, base excess -19.At this time 100 ml. of 8.4% NaHCO3 was infused and a further 1 g. of calcium gluconate given.At 1 p.m. the blood gas analysis had improved, the only abnormal feature being a base excess of -6.At this time the operation site (previously dry) started to bleed, blood welling from the nose and
Re: Predictive Value of a Positive Test-Reply
Authors: Michael Bernstein
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We are surprised and gratified by the responses to our small survey,<sup>1</sup>as they reflect continued keen interest in the field of clinical decision theory. Although we recognize the deficiencies and limitations of our informal study, our conclusion that clinicians need further educational support to continue appropriately using prevalence data in the decision to order laboratory testing seems valid. Considering the similarity of our survey to that of Casscells et al,<sup>2</sup>it is not surprising that the objections raised by Drs Fung and Lo and Drs Critchfield and Connelly are reminiscent of those put forth to the previous study.<sup>3</sup>We did, in fact, assume the false-positive rate could be quantified as 1 minus specificity, as is generally accepted.<sup>4</sup>We also believe that the complementary concepts of "falseand true-positive rates" may be easier to remember and be used by clinicians than is "specificity." We did
France outlaws the right to sue for being born
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2002)

A new law has been introduced into the French Assembly to try to clarify the thorny question of whether doctors should be held responsible when a child is born disabled.

The bill, passed in an emergency session and due to go to the upper house on 22 January, would forbid a child from seeking damages simply for being born. However, it would still allow parents to seek compensation if the condition had been missed in prenatal examination through a serious medical error. …
Nitric oxide in ARDS
Authors: R. Rossaint, K. J. Falke, M. Keitel, F. Lopez, U. Pison, K. Slama, T. Grünina, K. Lewandowski, W. M. Zapol, W. Steudel, D. Payen, C. Gatecel, N. Guinard, V. Zegers de Beyl, M. Leeman, E. Gilbert, C. Mélot, R. Naeije, I. Rovira, T. Y. Chen, E. Greene, J. D. Law-koune, M. Moutafis, M. Fischler
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (1992)
Mechanism of Biosynthesis of Methylsulfones from PCBs and Related Compounds
Authors: Takaya Mio, Kimiaki Sumino
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1985)

Mercapto-, methylthio-, methylsulfinyl- and methysulfonyl metabolites of PCBs 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene and some other chlorobenzenes were identified in adipose tissues of mice, rats and guinea pigs by using GC/MS/COM systems. By means of administration of CD3-methionine, it was confirmed that the methyl group in methylthio metabolites was derived from the methionine. Moreover, after pretreatment with either esterification of urinary metabolites in guinea pigs with 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene and 1,3-dichlorobenzene or N-acetylation after esterification, it was confirmed that cysteinylglycine, cysteine, N-acetylcysteine, cysteamine, mercaptopyruvate, mercaptolactate, mercaptacetate, thiol and disulfide conjugates were detected as a serial modified derivatives of glutathione moiety. These results are summarized as a metabolic proposed pathway of halogenated aromatic compounds. Three routes in pathway correspond to oxygenation (initial route), glutathione thioether disposition (intermediate route) and sulfoxydation (final route) in connection with both reactive intermediates of epoxide and thiol. Methylation of the thiol by S-adenosylmethionine may be important in inhibiting covalent binding of reactive intermediates with biocomponents, similar to the glutathione conjugation for the detoxification of epoxide.
Consent: Informed, Implied, and Deferred-Reply
Authors: Norman S. Abramson
Journal: JAMA (1986)

In Reply.—  We agree with Dr Marsh that there is a difference between  and the use of an experimental therapy to benefit an individual patient. However, the obligation of the physician-investigator in these two distinct settings is still, above all, to benefit the patient. We do not believe that we slide over this point; indeed, it is the crux of our article. We strongly disagree that the definition of  dismisses any immediate idea of a direct benefit to the patient-subject. In fact, the  referred to in our article, and clinical  in general, often involves the study and comparison of therapies, which, by definition, are intended to benefit the patient. This is sometimes referred to as therapeutic research, but we agree with Levine 1 that such a term is best avoided and that, instead, we should speak of research on therapy.  We also take issue with Dr
EBV-positive lymphoproliferative disease with medullary, splenic and hepatic infiltration after imatinib mesylate therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: T Leguay, C Foucaud, M Parrens, O Fitoussi, K Bouabdallah, M A Belaud-Rotureau, R Tabrizi, G Marit, A Pigneux, N Milpied
Journal: Leukemia (2007)
Rational prescribing for children
Authors: Alastair G Sutcliffe, Ian Chi Kei Wong
Journal: BMJ (2006)

In an evidence based desert, safe and appropriate treatment is difficult and too easily exploited 

M any drugs used to treat children are unlicensed or off label.1 Three recent news stories highlight how children, like adults, are at risk from overprescribing and inappropriate prescribing. A systematic review conducted by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence has shown fluoxetine (with or without cognitive behavioural therapy) to be the only selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is more effective than placebo in teenage patients with depression.2 Furthermore, the US Food and Drug Administration and the Medicines Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency have shown that most randomised controlled trials have reported higher rates of “possibly suicide-related event” and “suicide attempt event” among adolescents and children taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors than in those taking placebo.3 The systematic review on fluoxetine included children as young as 7 years old and found no conclusive evidence of increased suicidal behaviour or ideation in studies lasting seven to 12 weeks.2 It may be surprising or even confusing for the public, nevertheless, to find that the European Medicines Agency recently licensed fluoxetine for use in children as …
GW25-e5204 Carboxyl-terminal polypeptide of Cardiotrophin-1 promoted cardiac hypertrophy and induced myocardial remodeling in Kunming mice
Authors: Chen Shufen, Wei Zhang, Tao-Zhi Wei, Li-Ya Rao, Ming-Guang Xu, Zhan-Ling Dong
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)