tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pathophysiology and Therapy of the Shock of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: FRANCIS J. HADDY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1970)

Cardiogenic shock results from a decrease in coronary blood flow that, by lowering the tension of myocardial oxygen and raising the concentration of myocardial depressant metabolites, reduces contractile strength and cardiac output. An effort should, therefore, be made to raise oxygen tension and decrease metabolite concentration. This can best be accomplished by improving coronary blood flow, but also useful are restoration of the normal arterial oxygen content and correction and prevention of increased oxygen use and metabolite production. When forced to use an agent that directly stimulates myocardial strength, it is important to select one that does not further aggravate the disproportion between oxygen delivery and use. An increase in strength at the expense of a further reduction in myocardial oxygen tension and a further increase in the concentration of myocardial depressant metabolites can only lead to a decreased chance of survival.
Chlamydia trachomatis and sexually transmitted disease
Authors: D Taylor-Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Brain tumor cells thrive by adapting to the signals in their microenvironment. Understanding how the tumor microenvironment evolves during disease progression is crucial to deciphering the mechanisms underlying the functional behavior of cancer cells. To adapt, cancer cells activate signaling and transcriptional programs and migrate to establish micro-niches, in response to signals from neighboring cells and non-cellular stromal factors. Using multiple tissue analysis approaches to identify and measure immune cell infiltration and extracellular matrix deposition in brain tumors, we show that low-grade glioma is largely devoid of infiltrating immune cells and extracellular matrix proteins, while high-grade glioma exhibits abundant immune cell infiltration and activation, as well as extensive collagen deposition. Spatial analysis shows that most T-cells are sequestered in perivascular nests, but macrophages penetrate deep into tumor cell rich regions. High-grade gliomas exhibit heterogeneous PI3K and MAPK signaling, which correlates with distinct pathological hallmarks, including tumor angiogenesis, tumor cell density and extracellular matrix deposition. Our results also provide compelling evidence that tissue remodeling is an important element in glioma progression, and that targeting the extracellular matrix will be critical to improving GBM therapy.
District programme to reduce smoking: effect of clinic supported brief intervention by general practitioners.
Authors: M A Russell, J A Stapleton, P H Jackson, P Hajek, M Belcher
Journal: BMJ (1987)

By encouraging and supporting general practitioners to undertake brief intervention on a routine basis smokers9 clinics could reach many more smokers than are willing to attend for intensive treatment. In a study with 101 general practitioners from 27 practices 4445 cigarette smokers received brief intervention with the support of a smokers9 clinic, brief intervention without such support, or the general practitioners9 usual care. At one year follow up the numbers of smokers who reported that they were no longer smoking cigarettes were 51 (13%), 63 (9%), and 263 (8%), respectively (p less than 0.005). After an adjustment was made for those cases not validated by urine cotinine concentrations the respective success rates were 8%, 5%, and 5%. Use of nicotine chewing gum was associated with higher self reported success rates. General practitioners providing supported brief intervention encouraged not only more smokers to use the gum but also more effective use; gum users in this group reported a success rate of 27% at one year. Compliance by the general practitioners in recording smoking state averaged 45%, and significantly higher success rates were reported by patients whose smoking state had been recorded. Brief intervention by general practitioners with the support of a smokers9 clinic thus significantly enhanced success rates based on self reports. Better results might be obtained if general practitioners9 compliance with the procedure could be improved and if they encouraged more of their patients to try nicotine gum. Collaboration of this kind between a smokers9 clinic and local general practitioners could deliver effective help to many more smokers than are likely to be affected if the two continue to work separately.
Members are split on how Royal College of Physicians should proceed on health bill
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Although fellows and members of the Royal College of Physicians are personally in favour of rejecting the Health and Social Care Bill, they are split on whether the college should change its policy of critical engagement with the government, show the results of a ballot.

A third of fellows and members (8878 of 25 417 (35%)) responded to the survey, which ran from 5 March to 15 March, and 69% (6092) of respondents opted to “reject” the bill as it stood. However, when asked a supplementary question on how they wished the …
Primary Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma of Liver Treated With Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine, and Prednisone Regimen and Surgery
Authors: Atul B. Shinagare, Nikhil H. Ramaiya, Jyothi P. Jagannathan, Jason L. Hornick, Richard S. Swanson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)
12C-glycocholate test in Crohn's disease its value in assessment and treatment
Authors: J. H. B. Scarpello, G. E. Sladen
Journal: Gut (1977)

The (14)C-glycocholic acid test ((14)C-GCA) has been assessed in 27 patients who have had resection of the ileum and colon for Crohn's disease and in 19 patients with unoperated stable Crohn's disease. The incidence of increased breath output of (14)CO(2) and faecal output of (14)C was significantly greater in operated patients. Half the unoperated patients had normal results and, of the others, a modest increase in faecal (14)C was the usual finding. There was no correlation between the (14)C-GCA test, the Schilling test, and the extent and severity of the radiological signs in the unoperated patients. Metronidazole therapy was poorly tolerated and had little or no influence on symptoms but did decrease the excretion of (14)CO(2) in the breath when the (14)C-GCA test was repeated. Cholestyramine therapy was beneficial in the majority of resected patients with diarrhoea and an increased faecal (14)C excretion and, on repeat testing, there was a significant increase in the output of breath (14)CO(2). The beneficial effect was less marked in the unoperated patients and the breath (14)CO(2) output remained normal in those retested. Interruption of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids did not seem to make an important contribution to the symptoms of patients with stable unoperated (and uncomplicated) Crohn's disease, even when the ileum was extensively involved.
Insulin resistance, dietary cholesterol, and cholesterol concentration in postmenopausal women
Authors: G.M. Reaven, F. Abbasi, S. Bernhart, A. Coulston, B. Darnell, N. Dashti, H.-S. Kim, K. Kulkarni, C. Lamendola, T. McLaughlin, L. Osterlund, P. Schaff, J. Segrest
Journal: Metabolism (2001)
Genetic aspects of the Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome
Authors: G. E. AELVOET, P. G. JORENS, L. M. ROELEN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

An extensive search for a genetic pattern in Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS) revealed two other cases of KTS in the families of two of the 86 patients with this vascular syndrome who were questioned. Patients with KTS also had family members with other malformations: e.g. hemihypertrophy in one family, and a prevalence of 7/400 of naevi flammei in first-degree relatives of KTS patients was observed. We suggest that KTS can be inherited in a multifactorial way and a range of vascular malformations can be observed in the family members of patients with this syndrome.
Effect of melatonin on jet lag after long haul flights.
Authors: K. Petrie, J. V. Conaglen, L. Thompson, K. Chamberlain
Journal: BMJ (1989)

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether doses of the pineal hormone melatonin alleviate jet lag. DESIGN: Double blind, placebo controlled crossover trial. SETTING: Long haul return flights from Auckland, New Zealand, to London and back. SUBJECTS: Twenty volunteers with experience of transcontinental flights (eight women and 12 men aged 28 to 68). INTERVENTIONS: Melatonin (or placebo) 5 mg three days before flight, during flight, and once a day for three days after arrival. END POINT: Symptoms of jet lag. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Visual analogue scale for feelings of jet lag and tiredness; profile of moods states questionnaire for vigour-activity and fatigue-inertia; and retrospective ratings 10 days after arrival of sleep pattern, energy, and daytime tiredness. Feelings of jet lag were less for subjects taking melatonin (mean score 2.15 v 3.4); these subjects took fewer days than the placebo group to establish a normal sleep pattern (2.85 v 4.15), to not feel tired during the day (3.0 v 4.6), and to reach normal energy levels (3.25 v 4.7). Results for fatigue-inertia and vigour-activity were similar. For all subjects jet lag was more severe on the return (westward) than the outward (eastward) journey. CONCLUSIONS: Melatonin can alleviate jet lag and tiredness after long haul flights.
Attenuation of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the male Zucker diabetic fatty rat: the effects of stress and non-volitional exercise
Authors: Michael A. Király, Holly E. Bates, Jessica T.Y. Yue, Danitza Goche-Montes, Sergiu Fediuc, Edward Park, Stephen G. Matthews, Mladen Vranic, Michael C. Riddell
Journal: Metabolism (2007)
Meta-analyses III
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Previous questions described a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of parenteral corticosteroids for the relief of acute severe migraine headache in adults.1 2 Seven randomised controlled trials were identified in which single dose parenteral dexamethasone, administered alone or in combination with standard abortive therapy, was compared with placebo or any other standard treatment for acute migraine in adults. For each trial, the relative risk for recurrence of acute severe migraine headache in adults within 72 hours for the dexamethasone treatment arm compared with the placebo arm was obtained.3 The results of the meta-analysis were presented in a forest plot⇓. The test for statistical heterogeneity resulted in P=0.40. Forest plot of the effectiveness of dexamethasone compared with placebo in preventing the recurrence of acute severe migraine headache in adults Which of the following statements, if any, are true for the statistical test of heterogeneity?
The Renal Excretion of Hydrogen Ion in Patients with Uric Acid Calculi.
Authors: Abraham Rapoport
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1966)

s1 May 1966The Renal Excretion of Hydrogen Ion in Patients with Uric Acid Calculi.Abraham Rapoport, M.D., F.A.C.P., Peter O. Crassweller, M.D., Harry Husdan, Ph.D., Morton Zweig, M.D., Michael D. Johnson, M.D.Abraham Rapoport, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, Peter O. Crassweller, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Harry Husdan, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, Morton Zweig, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Michael D. Johnson, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-5-1173_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn an effort to explain the pathogenesis of uric acid calculi, observations have been made on 16 patients with renal uric acid calculi, and, as controls, on 16 patients with calcium oxalate calculi and 11 normal subjects. All patients were studied in the Metabolic Unit after at least a 3-day intake of a neutral ash diet. All were free of infection, off drugs and nonazotemic. The blood urea nitrogen and creatinine clearances were comparable in both patient groups. Hydrogen ion and organic acid excretion were then compared in 24-hour urines collected under basal conditions. The urine pH of the uric... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Toronto, Ontario, PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1966Volume 64, Issue 5Page: 1173-1173KeywordsBlood urea nitrogenCalciumCreatinineDietDrugsExcretionKidney stonesPathogenesisUric acidUrine Issue Published: 1 May 1966 PDF downloadLoading ...
Erlotinib for Frontline Treatment of Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer: a Phase II Study
Authors: Giuseppe Giaccone, Marielle Gallegos Ruiz, Thierry Le Chevalier, Nick Thatcher, Egbert Smit, Jose Antonio Rodriguez, Pasi Janne, Dalila Oulid-Aissa, Jean-Charles Soria
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Erlotinib has proven activity in pretreated patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We evaluated erlotinib in the frontline treatment of advanced NSCLC and assessed biological predictors of outcome. Experimental Design: In this phase II study, chemotherapy-naive patients with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC received oral erlotinib (150 mg/d) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred. Tumor response was assessed every 6 weeks, and samples were analyzed for potential molecular markers of treatment response and survival. The primary end point was the proportion of patients without disease progression after 6 weeks of treatment. Results: Fifty-three patients were eligible. The overall rate of nonprogression at 6 weeks was 52.8% (28 of 53 patients). Tumor response rate was 22.7%, with 1 complete response, 11 partial responses, and 16 cases of stable disease. Responses were seen across most patient clinical characteristics. The median duration of tumor response was 333 days; median overall survival was 391 days; and median time to disease progression was 84 days. Erlotinib was well tolerated, the main treatment-related adverse events being mild-to-moderate rash and diarrhea. Histologic material for biological studies was available in 29 cases. Four of five responders and one patient with stable disease had a classic epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase mutation. Two progressing patients exhibited epidermal growth factor receptor point mutations (one with T790M mutation), and K-ras mutations were detected in 10 nonresponders. Conclusions: Erlotinib shows significant antitumor activity in the first-line treatment of advanced NSCLC and may be a viable alternative to chemotherapy. Patient selection cannot easily be based on clinical or biological variables.
Accumulation of I-123 IMP in Hepatic Cell Adenoma
Authors: YUJI SUTO, FUMIKO KODAMA, TAKASHI KATO, MASAYUKI KAMBA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

I-123 IMP is now widely used as a radioactive material for cerebral blood flow scintigraphy. It is also known that this substance will accumulate in certain types of tumors. The authors present a case of a 47-year-old woman who showed accumulation of I-123 IMP in hepatic cell adenoma.
541 VSV VIROTHERAPY ENHANCES CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC EFFICACY OF HUMAN LIVER CANCER CELLS BY FACILITATING APOPTOSIS DUE TO PROTEASOMAL DEGRADATION OF MCL-1
Authors: P. Schache, N. Strüver, E. Gürlevik, M. Manns, F. Kühnel, S. Kubicka
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Pemphigus vulgaris localized to the vagina presenting as chronic vaginal discharge
Authors: K Batta, P E Munday, F M Tatnall
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Journal Article Pemphigus vulgaris localized to the vagina presenting as chronic vaginal discharge Get access K Batta, K Batta The Birmingham Skin Centre, City Hospital NHS Trust, Birmingham B18 7QH, U.K., Departments of, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P E Munday, P E Munday Genitourinary Medicine, Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F M Tatnall F M Tatnall Dermatology, Watford General Hospital, Watford, Herts. WD1 8HB, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 140, Issue 5, 1 May 1999, Pages 945–947, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02832.x Published: 01 May 1999
Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup W135 Disease
Authors: Robert Lee Brawley
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The correct number of<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>serogroup W135 cases referenced by Brandstetter et al (1981;246:2060) was 20, not 18. Three more cases of septic arthritis<sup>1-3</sup>and one case of fatal meningitis (1981; 246:1119) were caused by this serogroup. One patient with septic arthritis had systemic lupus erythematosus, and the patient with fatal meningitis had a splenectomy after trauma. Invasive disease without a typical petechial rash was previously speculated to be more characteristic of<i>N meningitidis</i>serogroup W135.<sup>1</sup>A petechial rash was noted in only four (17%) of 24 cases with published clinical characteristics. This contrasts markedly to generalized macular, petechial, or purpuric skin lesions reported in 86% of 151 patients with the meningococcal infection described before most serogroup W135 cases. Development of meningitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, or both in 16 (67%) of 24 cases indicates that factors other than organism virulence cause the relative rarity
Immunologic Mysteries of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Byron H. Waksman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1974)

It is estimated that multiple sclerosis (MS) affects as many as 250,000 citizens of the United States, and its economic costs may reach $2 billion annually in this country alone.1 The disease has been widely regarded as immunologic, possibly an autoimmune response directed against an antigen of myelin. The grounds for this belief are tenuous: the morphologic resemblance of MS to experimental autoallergic encephalomyelitis, elevated levels of immunoglobulin in MS spinal fluid, its increased incidence in persons with HL-A 3, 7, 8, and W18 haplotypes, and responses of the pathologic process to massive immunosuppression (thoracic-duct drainage, antilymphocyte globulin, azathioprine, and . . .
A New Book Review Editor
Authors: Jerome P. Kassirer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

Dr. Francis D. Moore, distinguished physician and Moseley Professor of Surgery, Emeritus, at Harvard Medical School, will step down as the Journal's book review editor effective September 1. I accepted his resignation with deep regret. Dr. Moore has served the Journal in various capacities under four editors for more than 40 years; he has reviewed countless manuscripts, served twice on the editorial board, and edited the book review section since 1980. During his stewardship as book review editor he departed from the traditional format for such reviews. Instead of publishing reviews of books on random topics, he often clustered . . .
The Jejunal Hyperosmolic Syndrome (Dumping) and Its Prophylaxis
Authors: Hyman Lieber
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Attacks of pallor, sweating, tachycardia, and epigastric discomfort frequently occur 10 to 20 minutes after a meal in patients who have undergone gastrectomy, gastroenterostomy, and similar operations. The principles of the dietary treatment of this syndrome are well established. Forty hospital dietitians responded to an inquiry regarding the diets they used after such operations. Only 30% were using diets adequate for the prophylaxis of the jejunal syndrome. The plan recommended depends on frequent feedings (6 daily), high protein intake, omission of sugars and easily hydrolyzed foods, omission of milk products, avoidance of large volumes and extreme temperatures, and use of synthetic sweeteners. Experience with more than 100 subtotal gastrectomies demonstrated the effectiveness of this plan.
The Removal of Central Venous Silicone Rubber Catheters
Authors: C. S. Poliakoff
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  Dr Fisher 1 reports the spontaneous erosion of the Dacron cuff several months after an extraction of the Hickman catheter. I was pleased to see in his article the description of his technique of removal, as I have yet to see a Hickman catheter slip out of its Dacron cuff. The hazards of the catheter breaking between the exit side and the cuff during a traction effort could well facilitate an air embolus at the time of the breakage unless the catheter was guaranteed to be full of clotted blood.  For this reason and particularly because of the totally innocuous procedure of cutting down on the Dacron cuff I find it hard to justify even trying to remove Hickmans by traction with the intent of leaving the Dacron cuff in the soft tissues.  I would heartily endorse Dr Fisher's conclusion that in the future the catheter be
Violence and Epilepsy
Authors: Jonathan H. Pincus
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

The relation of violence and aggression to epilepsy remains controversial. The issues can be stated as two questions: Can an epileptic automatism be manifested as directed violence and aggression? Can it result in violent crime? These are the questions on which the Special Report by Delgado-Escueta et al. in this issue1 is mainly focused and which it partly resolves. Clearly, the answer to the first question is affirmative. The second question is still open.In this study reported by Delgado-Escueta and his colleagues, a panel of experts reviewed videotapes (recorded by closed-circuit television) of patients believed by physicians at many . . .
HEMAGGLUTINATION WITH ARTHROPOD-BORNE VIRUSES
Authors: Jordi Casals, Lenora V. Brown
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1954)

Through the use of acetone and ether extraction of brain tissue from newborn mice infected with certain arthropod-borne viruses, it has been possible to demonstrate hemagglutinins for chick erythrocytes associated with the following viruses: dengue Type 1, dengue Type 2, Eastern equine encephalitis, Ilhéus, Japanese B, Ntaya, St. Louis, Sindbis, Uganda S, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, West Nile (Egypt 101 strain), Western equine encephalitis, and yellow fever (viscerotropic and neurotropic strains). On the basis of the temperature and pH required for reaction, the viruses can be assembled in two groups: A-those that require 37 degrees C. and a pH of about 6.4, comprising Eastern, Venezuelan, and Western equine encephalitis and Sindbis viruses; and B-those that require either 4 degrees or 22 degrees C. and a pH of about 7.0, comprising dengue Types 1 and 2, Ilhéus, Japanese B, Ntaya, St. Louis, Uganda S, West Nile, and yellow fever viruses. A method of eliminating non-specific inhibitory substances present in sera was developed. The method consists essentially of filtration through Seitz pads. Extensive serological crossings were found among viruses of each group, while antisera of one group failed consistently to cross-react with antigens of the other. Antisera deriving from animals immunized with certain viruses for which no hemagglutinins could be developed by the present method, reacted with members of either one or the other group. Thus Semliki Forest virus would appear to belong to Group A, and Russian Far Eastern and louping ill viruses to Group B.
Court overturns race discrimination ruling against BMA
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

A record race discrimination award against the BMA won five years ago by a surgeon who qualified in India was overturned last week by three appeal court judges.

Rajendra Chaudhary was awarded £814 877 (€1.2m; $1.7m) compensation—the highest ever for a race discrimination claim—by an employment tribunal in 2002 for the BMA's failure to support him in claims of race discrimination over his specialist training. The finding was upheld by the Employment Appeal Tribunal in 2004 ( BMJ 2004;328:786 doi: 10.1136/bmj.328.7443.786-a).

But last week the appeal court judges said that the BMA had refused to back his claims not because of race discrimination, but because the claims were not well founded.

Lord Justice Mummery, delivering the unanimous judgment of the court, said, “The essential ground is that no reasonable tribunal …