tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effective peritoneal therapy of acute pancreatitis in the rat with glutaryl-trialanin-ethylamide: a novel inhibitor of pancreatic elastase.
Authors: P Fric, J Slaby, E Kasafirek, P Kocna, J Marek
Journal: Gut (1992)

The six hour peritoneal lavage with glutaryl-trialanin-ethylamide, a low molecular competitive inhibitor of pancreatic elastase (IC50-8 mumol/l), effectively suppresses the evolution of taurocholate induced acute pancreatitis in the rat. The lavage alone is followed by a marked decrease of fat necrosis and amylase and lipase activity in serum. The area of pancreatic haemorrhage was significantly reduced only after the lavage solution was supplemented with Glt-Ala3-NHEt. The effect was not enhanced by a bolus injection of the inhibitor before starting the lavage. The combination of Glt-Ala3-NHEt with aprotinin or nafamstate mesilate produced only marginal greater benefit. The effect of Glt-Ala3-NHEt on pancreatic haemorrhage is time and dose related even with delayed onset of the lavage. Animals treated with peritoneal lavage without Get-Ala3-NHEt lived longer than controls (p less than 0.05), but by 60 hours the survival rate of both groups was almost the same (76 v 74%). All animals lavaged with Glt-Ala3-NHEt survived 120 hours and the difference in the survival rate between this and both remaining groups was significant (100% v 76% v 74% - p less than 0.05). The results were considered favourable and preliminary clinical trials of Glt-Ala3-NHEt in subjects with acute pancreatitis justified.
Ethnic stereotypes and the underachievement of UK medical students from ethnic minorities: qualitative study
Authors: K. Woolf, J. Cave, T. Greenhalgh, J. Dacre
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Objective</b> To explore ethnic stereotypes of UK medical students in the context of academic underachievement of medical students from ethnic minorities. <b>Design</b> Qualitative study using semistructured one to one interviews and focus groups. <b>Setting</b> A London medical school. <b>Participants</b> 27 year 3 medical students and 25 clinical teachers, purposively sampled for ethnicity and sex. <b>Methods</b> Data were analysed using the theory of stereotype threat (a psychological phenomenon thought to negatively affect the performance of people from ethnic minorities in educational contexts) and the constant comparative method. <b>Results</b> Participants believed the student-teacher relationship was vital for clinical learning. Teachers had strong perceptions about "good" clinical students (interactive, keen, respectful), and some described being aggressive towards students whom they perceived as quiet, unmotivated, and unwilling. Students had equally strong perceptions about "good" clinical teachers (encouraging, interested, interactive, non-aggressive). Students and teachers had concordant and well developed perceptions of the "typical" Asian clinical medical student who was considered over-reliant on books, poor at communicating with patients, too quiet during clinical teaching sessions, and unmotivated owing to being pushed into studying medicine by ambitious parents. Stereotypes of the "typical" white student were less well developed: autonomous, confident, and outgoing team player. Direct discrimination was not reported. <b>Conclusions</b> Asian clinical medical students may be more likely than white students to be perceived stereotypically and negatively, which may reduce their learning by jeopardising their relationships with teachers. The existence of a negative stereotype about their group also raises the possibility that underperformance of medical students from ethnic minorities may be partly due to stereotype threat. It is recommended that clinical teachers be given opportunities and training to encourage them to get to know their students as individuals and thus foster positive educational relationships with them.
Multiple lymphoid nodules in bone marrow have the same clonality as underlying myelodysplastic syndrome recognized with fluorescent in situ hybridization technique
Authors: Wichean Mongkonsritragoon, Louis Letendre, Chin-Yang Li
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)

Benign nodular lymphoid lesions are not rare in the bone marrow of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Herein, we report a case of MDS with clonal lymphoid aggregates in the bone marrow but without evidence of systemic lymphoma. The case of a 71-year-old man was evaluated for cytopenia. His bone marrow was initially hypocellular, with 10% blasts and a few small lymphoid aggregates. The diagnosis of refractory anemia with excess blasts was made. The disease progressed gradually, and he received erythropoietin and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for a short time. Forty-two months later, acute leukemia (M1) developed, with 60% to 70% blasts in the bone marrow. The bone marrow also showed large aggregates of lymphocytes. Immunohistochemical study of these cells in the nodular lesions showed 50% CD3+ and 50% CD20+. Cytogenetic and molecular genetic studies revealed monosomy 7 and T- and B-cell clonal gene rearrangement. Fluorescent in situ hybridization study with centromere-specific probes of a bone marrow specimen showed monosomy 7 in both nodular lymphoid lesions and surrounding bone marrow cells, indicating that both processes originated from the same abnormal pluripotential progenitor. Am. J. Hematol. 59:252–257, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Control of t-lymphocyte and B-lymphocyte activation by two complementing Ir-GLphi immune response genes.
Authors: D H Katz, M E Dorf, B Benacerraf
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

The possibility that the two complementing alpha- and beta-Ir-GLphi genes are independently responsible for controlling events in T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes, respectively, has been tested in double adoptive transfer experiments utilizing cells from appropriate inbred strains of mice. The results of these studies show that the functions of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes and the cooperative interactions between T and B cells require the presence of both alpha- and beta-genes in each respective cell type. Moreover, evidence has been obtained in these studies that indicates a preference for the alpha- and beta-Ir-GLphi genes in the cis position to obtain the most effective T-B-cell interactions. The possible implications of these findings are discussed.
Social class and elective caesareans in the NHS: Authors' reply
Authors: Paul Aylin, Brian Jarman, Alex Bottle, Katherine Barley
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Editor—We thank Macfarlane for pointing out that in our paper we do not describe an analysis by social class. The title was changed without our consent and is misleading. As explained in the text, we examine elective caesareans on the basis of electoral ward of residence. We agree that residents at ward level are not socially homogeneous and again acknowledge this in the text. However, …
SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF ENDOMYOCARDIAL BIOPSY IN CHILDREN AFTER HEART TRANSPLANT: FINDINGS FROM A MULTICENTER EXPERIENCE
Authors: Kevin P. Daly, Julie A. Vincent, Warren A. Zuckerman, Timothy M. Hoffman, Audrey C. Marshall, Charles Canter, Elizabeth D. Blume, Lisa Bergersen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Schizophrenia among residents of hostels for homeless people
Authors: J Connelly, R Williams
Journal: BMJ (1994)

mental health law because of a complaint by Irish candidates, but clearly the continuation of this policy may well relate to perceived difficulties concerning candidates from other jurisdictions.Legal provisions are a crucial part of the armamentarium of clinical psychiatry, and it is necessary to overcome practical examination difficulties through examining in alternative jurisdictions.There should be an emphasis on the interface between clinical psychiatry and law, based on the demonstration of adequate know- ledge of not only the Mental Health Act 1983 but also common law, including topics beyond civil detention (I am a member of a joint working party of the BMA and Law Society that is writing a book to inform all doctors about a variety of civil legal incapacities).I applaud the college's exploration with the Department of Health of ways of providing training in mental health law both for trainee psychiatrists and as part of continuing professional development for consultants.
Paucity of IL-21–producing CD4+ T cells is associated with Th17 cell depletion in SIV infection of rhesus macaques
Authors: Luca Micci, Barbara Cervasi, Zachary S. Ende, Robin I. Iriele, Elane Reyes-Aviles, Carol Vinton, James Else, Guido Silvestri, Aftab A. Ansari, Francois Villinger, Savita Pahwa, Jacob D. Estes, Jason M. Brenchley, Mirko Paiardini
Journal: Blood (2012)
Porphyrin Metabolism During Versenate® Therapy in Lead Poisoning
Authors: VINCENT L. FROMKE
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1969)

A 27-year-old male college student developed lead poisoning. The source of lead was an old lead-lined drinking glass purchased at a rummage sale. Abdominal pain and hemolytic anemia were the presenting features without leadline, neuropathy, or encephalopathy. The erythrocyte and urinary prophyrins were followed serially in relation to the effect of three successive courses of calcium disodium edetate (Ca-EDTA) (Versenate®). This resulted in a marked reduction of urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and coproporphyrin. Significant but progressively smaller rebound was observed. The initially high level of erythrocyte protoporphyrin decreased over a period of 4 months. The increase may be due to the inhibition of heme synthetase at the reticulocyte stage, the more mature erythrocytes continuing to carry the unused protoporphyrin throughout their life span.
Strategic plans for vascular services have not been put into effect
Authors: C V Ruckley
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Seventeen were resistant to isoniazid, three to rifampicin, two to ethambutol, 19 to streptomy- cin, and six to both isoniazid and streptomycin.'Wo patients had tuberculosis that was resistant to at least three drugs, of whom one repeatedly defaulted from the clinic while the other was a Nigerian with his first presentation ofpulmonary tuberculosis.The pattern of drug resistance was similar to that in a previous study, but the incidence has more than doubled since that study.4Mycobacteria were detectable on sputum examination in 159 patients.Thus within the local urban community there is great potential for transmission of M tuberculosis that is resistant to one drug.In addition, patients may well receive what is effectively two-drug treatment on diagnosis, which will accelerate the emergence of drug resistance.Since multidrug resistance is the result of the sequential acquisition of resistance to single drugs,' treatment strategies must be altered as resistance to single drugs becomes more common and not when multidrug resistance is established.If our findings are con- firmed elsewhere, British policies for treating tuberculosis will need to be revised soon.Four- drug empirical treatment of tuberculosis should then become normal practice, pending definitive results from drug sensitivity tests of the organism being treated.
Synergistic Inhibition of Lung Tumorigenesis by a Combination of Green Tea Polyphenols and Atorvastatin
Authors: Gang Lu, Hang Xiao, Hui You, Yong Lin, Huanyu Jin, Blake Snagaski, Chung S. Yang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

Abstract Purpose: The present study investigated the possible synergistic inhibitory effect of a novel combination of polyphenon E (PPE, a standardized green tea polyphenol preparation) and atorvastatin (trade name Lipitor) in a mouse tumorigenesis model and in human lung cancer H1299 and H460 cell lines. Experimental Design: Female A/J mice were given two weekly i.p. injections of 4-(methylnitrosaminao)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (150 mg/kg total dose); 1 week later, mice were treated with PPE (0.25% or 0.5% in drinking fluid), atorvastatin (200 or 400 ppm in diet), or PPE (0.25%) plus atorvastatin (200 ppm) for 16 weeks. The interaction of these two agents was also studied in human lung cancer H1299 and H460 cells. Results: The individual agents, PPE or atorvastatin, were not effective in inhibiting lung tumorigenesis. The low-dose combination of PPE and atorvastatin, however, significantly reduced both the tumor multiplicity and tumor burden (by 56% and 55%, respectively, P &amp;lt; 0.05). Isobologram analysis of the interaction of the two agents indicated that the combination synergistically decreased tumor multiplicity (P = 0.0006) and tumor burden (P = 0.0009). The inhibition was associated with enhanced apoptosis and suppressed myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1) level in adenoma as determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blots. Treatment with combinations of PPE and atorvastatin also synergistically decreased the number of viable H1299 and H460 cells as determined by isobologram analysis. This synergistic effect was associated with increased apoptosis as determined by the terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase–mediated nick-end labeling assay. The combination of PPE and atorvastatin was more efficient in reducing the antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1 level and increasing the cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase level than the single-agent treatment. Conclusions: The present work showed that PPE and atorvastatin synergistically inhibited 4-(methylnitrosaminao)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone–induced lung tumorigenesis in mice and the growth of lung cancer H1299 and H460 cells, possibly through enhanced apoptosis. The results provide leads for future research on the application of this combination for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer.
Selective expansion of specific T cell receptors in the inflamed colon of Crohn's disease.
Authors: B Gulwani-Akolkar, P N Akolkar, A Minassian, R Pergolizzi, M McKinley, G Mullin, S Fisher, J Silver
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

To identify disease-specific T cell changes that occur in Crohn's disease (CD), the T cell receptor BV repertoires of lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) isolated from both the inflamed and "disease-inactive" colons of seven CD patients were compared by the quantitative PCR and DNA sequence analysis. It was observed that the BV repertoires of LPL isolated from the disease-active and disease-inactive parts of the colon from the same individual were very different. Furthermore, nearly all of the differences occurred in CD4+ LPL, with very few differences in the CD8+ population of LPL. Although the pattern of BV segments that was increased in disease-active tissue relative to disease-inactive tissue was different for all seven CD patients, there were several BV segments that increased uniformly in the disease-active tissue of all seven individuals. CDR3 length analysis and DNA sequencing of these BV segments revealed that in six of the seven CD patients there was a striking degree of oligoclonality that was absent from disease-inactive tissue of the same individual. These observations suggest that at least some of the inflammation in CD is the result of responses by CD4+ T cells to specific antigens. The isolation of such inflammation-specific CD4+ T cells may make it possible to identify the antigens that are responsible for the inflammatory process in CD and provide a better understanding of its pathogenesis.
Cardiac Manifestations of Marfan Syndrome in Infancy and Childhood
Authors: CHARLIE PHORNPHUTKUL, AMNON ROSENTHAL, ALEXANDER S. NADAS
Journal: Circulation (1973)

The clinical profile and course of 36 infants and children with Marfan syndrome is reviewed. Cardiac abnormalities were present in 61% of the patients and were the major cause of death. Mitral regurgitation, the most frequently encountered cardiac lesion (47%), occurred in both males and females, while aortic regurgitation was present only in males. Arrhythmias were observed in four patients, and congenital heart disease (atrial septal defect) was observed in one. A distinguishing auscultatory feature was an apical mid or late systolic murmur preceded by single or multiple clicks. A characteristic electrocardiographic pattern of S-T segment and T-wave changes in leads II, III, aV F , and left precordial leads was noted in 11 patients. The prognosis of children with Marfan syndrome and isolated mitral regurgitation was usually good, whereas patients with combined mitral and aortic regurgitation had a rapidly deteriorating clinical course. The overall mortality in the group was 14%.
Lawyer backs GMC decision to bar member from hearings
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The General Medical Council was justified in refusing to let Dr Jennifer Colman sit on professional conduct committee (PCC) panels that were hearing allegations of serious professional misconduct, the independent review into her role on the GMC has concluded.

The review, by George Staple QC, a consultant with the London law firm Clifford Chance and a former director of the Serious Fraud Office, concludes:

“The important work performed by these committees, involving as it does the reputation and livelihoods of members of the medical profession, requires in my view panel members to adopt a judicial demeanour, detachment and full appreciation of …
Asymptomatic Pituitary Adenomas
Authors: Carl Gandola
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Letters and Corrections15 September 1990Asymptomatic Pituitary AdenomasCarl Gandola, MDCarl Gandola, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-6-482_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the Editors: Molitch and Russell (1) and Reincke and coleagues l(2) recently reviewed the management of patients with asymptomatic pituitary adenomas, "incidentalomas" (10% to 20% of the population). Neither review, however, mentions the potential risks of cardiac surgery for these patients.Several cases have been reported in which cardiac surgery precipitated pituitary hemorrhage in patients with pituitary adenomas (3-5). Cooper and colleagues (3) speculated that cardiopulmonary bypass may be a specific risk on the basis of changes in perfusion pressure, oncotic pressure, and hemodilution leading to edema, ischemia, and hemorrhage. As more patients with pituitary incidentalomas are followed, the...References1. Molitch M and Russell E. The pituitary "incidentaloma". Ann Intern Med. 1990;112:925-31. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Reincke M, Allolio B, and Saeger W. The "incidentaloma" of the pituitary gland: is neurosurgery required? JAMA. 1990;263:2772-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Cooper D, Bazaral M, and Furlan A. Pituitary apoplexy: a complication of cardiac surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 1986;41:547-50. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Khardori R, Bussing R, and Burns G. Cardiac bypass surgery with haemorrhagic endocrine sequelae. Postgrad Med J. 1987;63:489-92. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Slavin M and Budabin M. Pituitary apoplexy associated with cardiac surgery. Am J Ophthal. 1984;98:291-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Carl Gandola, MDAffiliations: 590 Ludlow Avenue Cincinnati, OH 45220 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 September 1990Volume 113, Issue 6Page: 482-482KeywordsCardiac surgeryCardiopulmonary bypassEdemaHemorrhageIschemiaPituitary tumors ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 15 September 1990 PDF downloadLoading ...
Relation between medicines sweetened with sucrose and dental disease.
Authors: I F Roberts, G J Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1979)

The teeth of 44 children aged under 6 years who had been taking syrup medicines regularly for at least six months were compared with those of a control group of 47 children of similar ages. Dental disease was assessed by measuring dental caries, dental plaque, and gingivitis. The children who were receiving sucrose-based medicines had significantly more carious teeth and gingivitis. It is concluded that sucrose-based medicines continuously administered to children cause dental caries and gingivitis. Liquid medicines for children should be either unsweetened or sweetened with non-cariogenic substances.
Renal histopathology and crystal deposits in patients with small bowel resection and calcium oxalate stone disease
Authors: Andrew P. Evan, James E. Lingeman, Elaine M. Worcester, Sharon B. Bledsoe, Andre J. Sommer, James C. Williams, Amy E. Krambeck, Carrie L. Philips, Fredric L. Coe
Journal: Kidney International (2010)
Anaemia due to blood loss from the telangiectases of scleroderma.
Authors: J. M. Holt, R. Wright
Journal: BMJ (1967)

Case 1.She was the tenth-born in her family and weighed 2.75 kg.(6 lb.) at birth.She also was fed on Ostermilk No. 2, reconstituted as follows: 2* measures Ostermilk No. 2+3* measures water+ 1 teaspoonful of sugar, four-hourly.Her initial sodium level was 194 mEq/l., potassium 7.1 mEq/l., and chloride 156 nIEq/l.The carbon dioxide combining power was 17 mEq/l., and the blood urea nitrogen was 198 mg./100 ml.Treatment was carried out as in Case 1, and within 48 hours her electrolyte values had returned to normal.Convulsions occurred repeatedly throughout that period despite anticonvulsant therapy and the maintenance of normal blood sugar and calcium levels.She died suddenly at 51 hours, however, and necropsy permission was refused. COMMENTIn both cases hypernatraemia was caused by excessive administration of solute in relation to fluid intake owing to improper reconstitution of dried-milk formulae.In Case 1 the mother had prepared feeds, using double the powder content recommended, but she believed that one tablespoon contained one fluid ounce of water.In Case 2 the initial feeding history obtained seemed quite normal.It only became clear on specific questioning that the mother used the dried-milk scoop for measuring fluid in the belief that each scoop contained a fluid ounce of water.The feeding instructions issued by the manu- facturers of three commonly used dried-milk preparationsnamely, OstermiLk No. 2, full-cream Cow and Gate, and full- cream National Dried Milk-would be quite clear to most mothers (see Table ), but none of those instructions make it absolutely clear that the measure supplied is for dried milk and not fluid.The National Dried Milk instructions do indicate that one fluid ounce is approximately two tablespoons and for that reason are the most explicit.It is probably quite fortuitous that in both cases Ostermilk No. 2 was the dried milk powder used, but further errors could probably be avoided if feeding instructions were even more simple than at present.Thus it should be made clear that the measure supplied is for dried milk only and not fluid, and that one fluid ounce is approximately equal to two tablespoonfuls.Comparison 01 Feeding-tables for Normal Babies of Normal Weight at 1 Month (Extract from Manufacturers' Instructions) Preparation Dried-milk Content Fluid Content Ostermilk No. 2 Level measures, 3 Hot water, fluid oz. 4 Cow and Gate , ,, 3kMake up with hot (boiled) (Full-cram) water to 4 oz.National dried milk Amount of milk powder Boiled water in ounces (Full-cream) for each feed (in level (1 oz. - tablespoons measures), 2j or 3 approx.),3j or 4We wish to thank Professor J. 0. Forfar for his advice and criticism, and Drs.J. W.
Immunosenescence‐associated microRNAs in age and heart failure
Authors: Timon Seeger, Fatima Haffez, Ariane Fischer, Ulrike Koehl, David M. Leistner, Florian H. Seeger, Reinier A. Boon, Andreas M. Zeiher, Stefanie Dimmeler
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2012)