tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
In vivo diagnosis of collagenous colitis by confocal endomicroscopy
Authors: R Kiesslich
Journal: Gut (2006)

has received no further etanercept and has no evidence of a flare up of his arthritis six months postoperatively.He was given prophylactic low dose penicillin and anti-pneumococcal vaccination. Case 2A 40 year old female presented via A&E with a three day history of abdominal pain and rigors.She had been treated with infliximab for six weeks for severe rheumatoid arthritis resistant to other therapies.On examination she had a pyrexia of 39.2 ˚C with right upper quadrant tenderness.She deteriorated with worsening sepsis and metabolic acidosis and required admission to ITU for inotropic support.Once stabilised, a CT scan of her abdomen demonstrated a large right sided hydronephrosis (fig 3. Urine cultures were negative but blood cultures grew Escherichia coli.After 48 hours of intravenous cefuroxime and gentamicin she improved and was discharged to the ward. DiscussionTNF-a is an inflammatory cytokine that is essential in defence mechanisms against sepsis.However, in inflammatory arthritis it is present in both joints and blood in high concentrations.The suggestion that TNF-a is a critical cytokine in driving inflammatory diseases is supported by the success in blocking this cytokine.However, this may render the patient more prone to severe sepsis.Rheumatologists are aware of this, and screen patients for sepsis prior to starting the drugs, especially tuberculosis, 4 5 and monitor patients for sepsis before each drug is given.Patients with a predisposition to infection or chronic infection are ineligible for anti-TNF-a therapy.The British Society for Rheumatology has drawn up guidelines for these issues. 6he patients presented here had delay in initial diagnoses.This might have resulted in a worse outcome or even death.We suggest that patients who have received anti-TNF-a therapy and develop non-specific abdominal pain should proceed to urgent abdominal ultrasound or CT scan to exclude significant intra-abdominal sepsis.A further concern is that anti-TNF-a drugs may diminish the acute phase response, so that significant sepsis may not always have dramatic or acute presentations.This may lull the attending doctor into a false sense of security.Doctors who encounter patients on anti-TNFa therapy need to be aware of the possible complications.They should be treated as if they are significantly immunocompromised, and non-specific symptoms such as abdominal pain need to be investigated intensively.
Trichromacy and the neural basis of color discrimination
Authors: Peter W. Ross
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

I take issue with Saunders &amp; van Brakel's claim that neural processes play no interesting role in determining color categorizations. I distinguish an aspect of color categorization, namely, color discrimination, from other aspects. The law of trichromacy describes conditions under which physical properties cannot be discriminated in terms of color. Trichromacy is explained by properties of neural processes.
Growth inhibition in normal mammalian melanocytes in vitro
Authors: P.A. RILEY
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

Studies on primary cultures of normal adult melanocyies from the ear skin of a black strain of guinea pigs are reported. Melanocytes have a low proliferation rate and tend to form cohesive groups on a glass surface. The cells undergo division while maintaining close contacts with each other whereas DNA synthesis is rare in melanocytes with multiple contacts.
Rational Suicide and the Right to Die
Authors: Yeates Conwell, Eric D. Caine
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1991)

The debate about the role of physicians in euthanasia and assisted suicide is long-standing, ethically complex, and unlikely to be resolved easily or soon. It was rekindled by the death in June 1990 of Janet Adkins, a 54-year-old woman with probable Alzheimer's disease whose suicide Dr. Jack Kevorkian aided with the use of his "suicide machine." Having arranged with Dr. Kevorkian to use his device in Michigan, where no specific laws prohibit assisting suicide, Mrs. Adkins ended her life by pressing a button. On December 13, 1990, murder charges brought against Dr. Kevorkian were dropped. District Court Judge Gerald McNally . . .
The Use of ACTH and Adrenocorticosteroids in Diseases of the Digestive System
Authors: Louis Zetzel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1957)

A REVIEW of the literature concerning the use of adrenocorticosteroids and ACTH in disorders of the digestive system reveals the intensive and unsuccessful efforts to base such treatment on sound theoretical principles. In no instance does the rationale for the employment of these drugs rest on more than considerations that, though plausible and promising, are so far unproved. Treatment at present is justified only by the results obtained and the empirical observations that patients are benefited by their use. Under these circumstances, their employment must be predicated on an accurate diagnosis and a knowledge of the possible complicating sequelae, and . . .
Abstract 736: Novel, potent MEK inhibitor CIP-1374 for the treatment of cancer
Authors: Mahendra Chordia, Uday Khire, Ajay Bhargava
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are clinically validated, well-established targets for seeking anti-cancer therapy. MAPKs specifically phosphorylate serine/threonine residues of proteins, which are activated by variety of external stimuli (for example mitogens and growth factors) to manifest its actions inside the cell. The activation of MAPKs regulates many functions of the cells with profound physiological implications such as cell growth, survival, apoptosis, differentiation, proliferation and gene expression. MEK 1 and 2 are two human kinases presented in the middle of the classical MAPK-cascade involving upstream RAS-RAF and downstream ERKs. This signal transduction cascade ending in phophorylation of ERKs is extensively studied in cancer pathology. The phosphorylated-ERK upon its translocation to nucleus activates several transcription factors to induce the expression of many genes required for cell survival and proliferation. Because of very high selectivity conferred on MEKs to phophorylate only ERK1 and ERK2, targeting its inhibition offers a very attractive strategy for anti-cancer drug discovery. In addition, the mechanism of action of the known MEK inhibitors such as PD98059 and U0126 is non ATP-competitive (binding to allosteric site) and thus may have least side effects in clinical utility sets in high priority to discover new inhibitors. Currently there are few MEK inhibitors undergoing clinical studies, these includes ARRY-162 (Array Biopharma), RDEA-119 (Ardea biosciences) in combination with sorafenib displaying significant response in sorafenib resistant hepatoma cells and XL-518 (Exelixis) for solid tumors. We present here the discovery of a potent novel MEK inhibitor CIP-1374 for the treatment of cancer. The preliminary in vitro data including inhibition of ERK phophorylation, and whole cell anti-proliferation assays in variety of cancer cell lines will be presented. CIP-1374 exhibited MEK-1 IC50 21.0 nM. In the presence of 1.0 mM ATP, CIP-1374 retained inhibitory activity indicating allosteric mode of binding in ATP non-competitive fashion. The selectivity for MEK inhibition leading to non-proliferation will be presented from the cells without RAS mutation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 736.
An induced rebinding model of antigen discrimination
Authors: Omer Dushek, P. Anton van der Merwe
Journal: Trends in Immunology (2014)

T cells have to detect rare high-affinity 'foreign' peptide MHC (pMHC) ligands among abundant low-affinity 'self'-peptide MHC ligands. It remains unclear how this remarkable discrimination is achieved. Kinetic proofreading mechanisms can provide the required specificity but only at the expense of much reduced sensitivity. A number of recent observations suggest that pMHC engagement of T cell receptors (TCRs) induces changes such as clustering and/or conformational alterations that enhance subsequent rebinding. We show that inclusion of induced rebinding to the same pMHC in kinetic proofreading models enhances the sensitivity of TCR recognition while retaining specificity. Moreover, induced rebinding is able to reproduce the striking, and hitherto unexplained, 2D membrane-binding properties recently reported for the TCR.
Some Direct Hepatic and Metabolic Effects of Alcohol.
Authors: Charles S. Lieber
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1964)

s1 April 1964Some Direct Hepatic and Metabolic Effects of Alcohol.Charles S. Lieber, M.D., Charles S. Davidson, M.D.Charles S. Lieber, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Charles S. Davidson, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-60-4-720_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptVarious recent studies have demonstrated that some pathologic changes observed on excessive alcohol intake may result not only from nutritional deficiencies but also from direct metabolic effects of alcohol. Both in man and in rats, alcohol produced fatty livers, despite adequate dietary intake. In rats, this alcoholic fatty liver could not be prevented by methionine supplements. Isocaloric replacement of the alcohol by carbohydrate or fat (resulting in the administration of a high fat diet) did not produce fatty livers. During the initial stages of fatty liver development, serum cholesterol, phospholipids, and especially triglycerides increased. This suggests, in contrast with other... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByKlinisch inapperente Alkoholschädigung der menschlichen HerzmuskelzelleIdiopathic heart diseaseAlcoholic cardiomyopathy a histochemical study 1 April 1964Volume 60, Issue 4Page: 720-720KeywordsAlcoholsCarbohydratesCholesterolDietFatsFatty liverMalnutritionMethioninePhospholipidsSjogren syndrome Issue Published: 1 April 1964 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Effect of Carbon Monoxide on Maximal Treadmill Exercise
Authors: WILBERT S. ARONOW
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

The effect of breathing 100 ppm of carbon monoxide versus compressed, purified air for 1 h on maximal treadmill exercise was studied (double-blind crossover design) in 10 middle-aged, healthy nonsmokers. The mean venous carboxyhemoglobin level significantly increased from 1.67% to 3.95% after breathing carbon monoxide (P < 0.001) and significantly decreased from 1.63% to 1.30% after breathing compressed, purified air (P < 0.001). The mean exercise time until exhaustion significantly decreased from 697.7 s to 662.7 s after breathing carbon monoxide (P < 0.001) and insignificantly increased from 694.9 s to 703.4 s after breathing compressed, purified air. Ischemic S-T segment depression ≥ 1.0 mm after exercise occurred in 1 of 10 subjects after exercise following carbon monoxide inhalation. Increased carboxyhemoglobin levels of the magnitude encountered after smoking or heavy atmospheric pollution impair exercise performance in normal persons.
An uneasy relationship: the tensions between medicine and the media
Authors: D. Nelkin
Journal: The Lancet (1996)

The enduring tensions between medicine and the media are largely due to the different perspectives of biomedical scientists and journalists, as this final essay in the series on medicine and the media underscores. These tensions arise because of perceived differences in defining science news, conflicts over styles of science reporting, and most of all disagreement about the role of the media. In the 1990s, scientists are especially concerned by media messages that question their credibility. Since scientists and journalists depend on each other in the communication of science and the shaping of the public meaning of science and medicine, the tensions are likely to increase.
Introduction to a Discussion on the Influence of Mountain Air in the Treatment of Pulmonary Consumption
Authors: J. H. Bennet
Journal: BMJ (1880)

and that his was the first book on midwifery written in the English language.It was Harvey who invented the dilator of the cervix uteri, and first used stimulating uterine injections.The above references and quotations will suffice to show that Har- vey's knowledge of disease, and of the offices of a physician, was pro- bably equal to his physiological attainments, and will amply vindicate him from unjust allegations.
Intraoperative detection of myocardial ischemia in high-risk patients: electrocardiography versus two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography.
Authors: J S Smith, M K Cahalan, D J Benefiel, B F Byrd, F W Lurz, W A Shapiro, M F Roizen, A Bouchard, N B Schiller
Journal: Circulation (1985)

Because acute segmental wall motion abnormalities (SWMAs) of the left ventricle are highly sensitive and specific indicators of myocardial ischemia, this study compared the incidence and significance of ischemia, as detected by two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography and surface electrocardiography, during anesthesia and surgery in patients at high risk of myocardial ischemia. During surgery, 24 of the 50 patients studied had new SWMAs, whereas only six had ST segment changes. All patients with ST segment changes also had new SWMAs: in three instances, SWMAs occurred before the ST segment change, and in three instances, they occurred simultaneously. All three patients who had intraoperative myocardial infarctions also had persistent intraoperative SWMAs, whereas only one patient had ST segment changes. Ten healthy patients requiring noncardiovascular surgery were monitored similarly; none of these had SWMAs, ST segment changes, or myocardial infarction. This study demonstrates the superiority of two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography over electrocardiography for the intraoperative detection of myocardial ischemia. Furthermore, when new SWMAs persist to the conclusion of surgery, myocardial infarction is likely to have occurred.
Prevalence and Clinicopathologic Findings of Conjunctival Epithelial Neoplasia in Pterygia
Authors: Pichaporn Artornsombudh, Anapat Sanpavat, Uraiwan Tinnungwattana, Varangkana Tongkhomsai, Lalana Sansopha, Wasee Tulvatana
Journal: Ophthalmology (2013)
OIL OF TANSY POISONING.
Authors: E. H. MUSSON
Journal: JAMA (1906)

The advertisements of tansy pills and pennyroyal pills are less in evidence now than in former years, perhaps, but there still lingers among the laity a widespread belief in the abortifacient and emmenagogue properties of the substances in question. No doubt serious poisoning from these drugs is more common than is generally suspected and it might be well to give publicity to their baneful effects, as has been done recently with methyl alcohol and acetanilid. I wish to add the report of another case of poisoning by oil of tansy following those which appeared inThe Journal, August 18 and September 22, this year. <h3>Patient.</h3> —Mrs. E. S., aged 22, the mother of two children, the younger aged 9 months. <h3>History.</h3> —According to the patient's statements, she suffered greatly at the menstrual periods and desired to bring on the flow four or five days before it was due, in order
TCT-311 Overall severity of stenosis in the coronary artery has distinct impacts on clinical outcomes after PCI and CABG in patients with stable angina pectoris
Authors: Nobuaki Kokubu, Junichi Nishida, Mamoru Hase, Mina Kawamukai, Atsushi Mochizuki, Atsuko Muranaka, Shinya shimoshige, Satoshi yuda, Akiyoshi Hashimoto, Kazufumi Tsuchihashi, Tetsuji Miura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Abstract 1187: Personalized cancer therapy for ovarian cancer patients.
Authors: Maria L. Bravo, Pamela Gonzalez, Sumie Kato, Marcelo Garrido, Jorge Brañes, Javier Pizarro, Maria Isabel Barriga, Hector Leon, Eva Bustamante, Catalina Alonso, Erasmo Bravo, Miguel Angel Celis, Barbara Aguilera, Alejandro Barra, Nicanor Barrena, Carolina Ibañez, Paula Jimenez, Mauricio Cuello, Gareth Owen
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Introduction: The treatment of ovarian cancer is consists principally in radical surgery followed by chemotherapy. Patients generally respond well to first line chemotherapy (70%) but consistently relapse within 18 months, with successive rounds of chemotherapy delivering extremely low patient benefit. Despite every cancer being unique, generally all cancer patients are treated by the same chemotherapy regimes. In previous decades an approach has been to use chemosensitivity assays based on cells isolated from solid tumors to predict chemotherapy response. However, it the metastatic cancer cell (not cells in the primary tumor) that is the true target of chemotherapy. In our laboratory we have resurrected the concept of chemosensitivity but focusing exclusively on cells that have escaped the primary tumor and are potentially enriched in stem-cell like properties. Our objective was to isolate potential ovarian metastatic cells from patients and coorelate their in vitro response to the chemotherapy observed in the patient. Materials and methods: Primary cultures of ovarian cancer ascites (peritoneal fluid) were obtained with signed informed consent from a network of Chilean hospitals and potential metastatic cells cultivated. Chemotherapy response was assessed by MTS and data correlated with CA125 levels, imaging and medical criteria. Results: Analysis of 39 ovarian cancer patients with clinical follow-up demonstrated an average progression free survival of 18 months for patients predicted to respond by our assay, but only 2 months in predicted non-responders. The assay corrected identified 5 of the 6 patients who did not respond to first line carboplatin-paclitaxel therapy. Discussion: We demonstrate a clear distinction in time to relapse between patients predicted to respond in our assay as opposed to patients with no predicted clinical response, demonstrating the requirement to take this research to the stage of randomized clinical trials. Funding BMRC CTU06 &amp; FONDECYT 3120003 and 1120292 Citation Format: Maria L. Bravo, Pamela Gonzalez, Sumie Kato, Marcelo Garrido, Jorge Brañes, Javier Pizarro, Maria Isabel Barriga, Hector Leon, Eva Bustamante, Catalina Alonso, Erasmo Bravo, Miguel Angel Celis, Barbara Aguilera, Alejandro Barra, Nicanor Barrena, Carolina Ibañez, Paula Jimenez, Mauricio Cuello, Gareth Owen. Personalized cancer therapy for ovarian cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1187. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1187
A rationally designed monomeric peptide triagonist corrects obesity and diabetes in rodents
Authors: Brian Finan, Bin Yang, Nickki Ottaway, David L Smiley, Tao Ma, Christoffer Clemmensen, Joe Chabenne, Lianshan Zhang, Kirk M Habegger, Katrin Fischer, Jonathan E Campbell, Darleen Sandoval, Randy J Seeley, Konrad Bleicher, Sabine Uhles, William Riboulet, Jürgen Funk, Cornelia Hertel, Sara Belli, Elena Sebokova, Karin Conde-Knape, Anish Konkar, Daniel J Drucker, Vasily Gelfanov, Paul T Pfluger, Timo D Müller, Diego Perez-Tilve, Richard D DiMarchi, Matthias H Tschöp
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever: Five patients with hemophagocytic syndrome
Authors: Nuriye Tasdelen Fisgin, Tunc Fisgin, Esra Tanyel, Levent Doganci, Necla Tulek, Nil Guler, Feride Duru
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract Three pediatric and two adult Turkish patients with Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) induced hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) were admitted to Ondokuz Mayis University Hospital, which is in the Middle Black Sea Region of Turkey. All of them had remarkable hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow with severe bleeding symptoms along with the other known clinical and laboratory findings of CCHF. We would like to present these patients and to discuss the pathophysiology and the effect of acquired HPS on the severity of the disease. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Smokers can use nicotine replacement products to reduce harm, says NICE
Authors: G. Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has signalled a radical shift in the approach to tackling tobacco related harm in England and Wales by recommending the use of licensed products that contain nicotine for patients who don’t think that they would be able to stop smoking in one step.

Previous advice to doctors and other health professionals has focused on encouraging patients to quit in one step by setting specific dates to stop smoking completely.

But NICE said that its new public health guidance was the first in the world to recommend licensed products such as nicotine gum or patches for helping people—particularly those who are “highly dependent” on nicotine—to cut the amount they smoke.1

It advises doctors to consider suggesting the “harm reduction approach” to people who may not be able to stop smoking in …
Acute renal failure due to rhabdomyolysis associated with use of a straitjacket in lysergide intoxication.
Authors: J Mercieca, E A Brown
Journal: BMJ (1984)

Acute renal failure is a known sequel to rhabdomyolysis, both traumatic and non-traumatic. Two patients who had been placed in straitjackets after taking lysergide (LSD) developed acute renal failure and rhabdomyolysis. One subsequently died. The rhabdomyolysis probably resulted from a combination of severe restraint and the violent movements induced by the drug. The use of straitjackets cannot be considered to be completely safe in such cases.
The Quality of a Medical Article
Authors: George D. Lundberg
Journal: JAMA (1991)

How can the quality of an article in a medical journal be determined? In a sense, that is like asking someone to define beauty. As with beauty, quality is in the eye of the beholder. I prefer the definition of the American Society for Quality Control: "Quality is the totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bears upon its ability to satisfy stated needs." To measure the quality of an individual article we might consider the following: Readership of an article, that is, the number and percentage of those who receive a publication and choose to read an article and then assign a value to it. Letters received by the primary journal praising, condemning, or otherwise commenting on the article. Attention paid to the article by the public media. Frequency and rapidity of citation of the article in references in other articles. The perceived prestige of