tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes in Early Pregnancy
Authors: Dennis M Super, Stuart C Edelberg, Elliot H Philipson, Roger H Hertz, Satish C Kalhan
Journal: Diabetes Care (1991)

Objective To determine whether glucose intolerance can be identified early in gestation in a high-risk population so that early intervention can be planned to prevent associated morbidity. Research Design and Methods After appropriate dietary preparation, patients with a high risk for gestational diabetes underwent a 50-g oral glucose screening test during fasting. Patients were tested on enrollment and every 10 wk until delivery. Those with a 1-h plasma glucose value of ≥7.5 mM underwent a 100-g oral glucose tolerance test. Gestational diabetes was based on either a markedly abnormal 50-g screening test or abnormal 100-g oral glucose tolerance test. Results Ten of 15 (66%) patients who developed gestational diabetes were diagnosed during the first half of the pregnancy. Six were diagnosed in the first trimester. If the definition of an abnormal 1-h plasma glucose value was lowered from 7.5 to 7.2 mM, an additional 2 patients could have been identified in the first trimester with an improvement in sensitivity from 70 to 91% with only a slight drop in specificity (from 91 to 88%). Diagnosis of gestational diabetes was not enhanced by measuring plasma insulin concentrations or insulin-glucose molar ratios. Conclusions The diagnosis of gestational diabetes in a high-risk population can be made in the first half of pregnancy. Early diagnosis should permit evaluation of intervention strategies, which may result in improved perinatal outcome.
Differential regulation of cardiac protein kinase C isozyme expression after aortic banding in rat
Authors: M Braun
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2002)

Objective: Protein kinase C (PKC) plays a key role in myocardial hypertrophy. To evaluate whether its isoforms are expressed differentially during gradual development of pressure-overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy, banding of the ascending aorta was used as an experimental model of left ventricular hypertrophy. Methods: One, 7 and 30 days after sham operation or aortic banding in male Wistar rats, the PKC activity and the expression of the cardiac PKC isozymes (PKC-α, -δ, -ε and -ζ), both at the protein and the mRNA level, were determined in the left and right ventricle. Results:Left ventricular hypertrophy developed rapidly as early as 1 day after aortic banding followed by further progression at day 7 and day 30. This was paralleled by an increased total PKC enzyme activity in the cytosol fraction and a selectively enhanced protein expression of PKC-δ (day 7, 267±18%; day 30, 289±12%) and PKC-α (day 7, 212±20%; day 30, 193±14%). The protein amount of PKC-ε was not changed in either group. This differential protein expression was associated with a significant increase of the absolute mRNA levels for PKC-δ and PKC-α up to 202±20% (day 30) and 177±17% (day 30), whereas significant alterations in the PKC-ε mRNA levels were not detected. A selective upregulation of PKC-α and PKC-δ, both on the protein and on the mRNA level, was also noted in the right ventricle during the development of right ventricular hypertrophy, suggesting an adaptive response following elevated left ventricular enddiastolic pressure after long-term aortic banding for 30 days. Conclusions: This study characterizes in the right and left ventricle a differential regulation of the dominant PKC isozymes in pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy both at the protein and the mRNA level.
Treating COPD in the Real World
Authors: Peter M. A. Calverley
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Acute and chronic respiratory effects of sodium borate particulate exposures.
Authors: D H Wegman, E A Eisen, X Hu, S R Woskie, R G Smith, D H Garabrant
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

This study examined work-related chronic abnormality in pulmonary function and work-related acute irritant symptoms associated with exposure to borate dust in mining and processing operations. Chronic effects were examined by pulmonary function at the beginning and end of a 7-year interval. Time-specific estimates of sodium borate particulate exposures were used to estimate cumulative exposure during the study interval. Change in pulmonary function over the 7 years was found unrelated to the estimate of cumulative exposure during that interval. Exposure-response associations also were examined with respect to short-term peak exposures and incidence of five symptoms of acute respiratory irritation. Hourly measures of health outcome and continuous measures of particulate exposure were made on each subject throughout the day. Whenever a subject reported one of the irritant symptoms, a symptom intensity score was also recorded along with the approximate time of onset. The findings indicated that exposure-response relationships were present for each of the specific symptoms at several symptom intensity levels. The associations were present when exposure was estimated by both day-long and short-term (15-min) time-weighted average exposures. Associations persisted after taking account of smoking, age, and the presence of a common cold. No significant difference in response rate was found between workers exposed to different types of sodium borate dusts.
Oral Contraceptives and Blood Pressure
Authors: Irwin R. Fisch
Journal: JAMA (1977)

Both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of data from 13,358 women showed that oral contraceptive use is associated with a slight but statistically significant (<i>P</i>&lt;.05) rise in mean blood pressure, which is reversible. The age-adjusted proportion of oral contraceptive users with a blood pressure over 140/90 mm Hg was about three times that of nonusers. These findings are caused by a uniform upward shift in the blood pressure distribution of oral contraceptive users compared to nonusers. Women continuing oral contraceptive use had no appreciably greater change in blood pressure between two visits than persistent nonusers. The clinical implications of a mild contraceptive-induced blood pressure elevation (systolic, 5 to 6 mm Hg; diastolic, 1 to 2 mm Hg) remain unsettled but disturbing. (<i>JAMA</i>237:2499-2503, 1977)
Validation of a questionnaire for assessment of asthma patient knowledge and behaviour
Authors: F. Trebuchon, M. Duracinsky, O. Chassany, C. Delaire, E. Eydoux, J. Longin, P. Demoly
Journal: Allergy (2008)

For several years, educational programmes have been highlighted because care success depends on patient's knowledge and patient's asthma management. However, no tool is available to assess change in patient knowledge and behaviour before and after completing an educational programme.To validate a questionnaire measuring the knowledge and behaviour of asthmatics participating in an educational programme and to gauge the benefit of such a programme.The Asthma Behaviour Change (ABC) questionnaire was generated from literature, patient surveys and clinical situations. It was organized in eight dimensions assessing patient behaviour in seven different clinical situations and two assessing patient (pathophysiology and therapeutic) knowledge. A total of 139 asthmatics filled out the questionnaire before, during and after the educational programme.The principal component analysis confirmed the structure empirically made by clinical situations. Internal consistency analysis yielded high Cronbach's alpha values. Different dimensions and the two global scores were able to discriminate patients according to asthma severity. Finally, the effect size of difference before and after educational programme was at least 0.47, and was larger than 0.74 for both global behaviour and knowledge scores. The difference between visit 1 and 3 for global behaviour and knowledge scores reached 18.84 +/- 20.83 (P < 0.001, 95% CI: 13.18-24.43) and 11.06 +/- 14.98 (P < 0.001, 95% CI: 7.10-15.03), respectively.ABC questionnaire is a valid tool to assess asthmatics' knowledge and behaviour. Furthermore, this study confirmed that educational programmes lead to better awareness of asthma by patients.
What happened to care?
Authors: B Livesley
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Television produces powerful images and never more so than in Panorama's programme on the plight of sick and frail elderly people. “Sidney Lambert believed the NHS would care for him. It was a promise made to millions,” began a soothing voice over. This was quickly replaced by the prime minister making one of his not to be forgotten public statements that, “When I was a boy my father was elderly and sick and my mother was frail. Their life was not comfortable - they needed treatment regularly - they got it - from the NHS. … Believing as I do …
Refining the sexual selection explanation within an ethological framework
Authors: John Archer
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract My response is organized into three sections. The first revisits the theme of the target article, the explanatory power of sexual selection versus social role theory. The second considers the range and scope of sexual selection, and its application to human sex differences. Two topics are examined in more detail: (1) the paternity uncertainty theory of partner violence; (2) evolution of inter-group aggression. Section 4 covers ultimate and proximal explanations and their integration within an ethological approach. I consider the development of sex differences in aggression, and their causal mechanisms, within this framework.
New antidepressants for old people?
Authors: M. G Livingston, H. M Livingston
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Depression is common in elderly people. Old people are at greater risk of developing adverse events while taking any medication—including antidepressants—because of concurrent illness, consumption of other prescribed and over the counter drugs, dose miscalculation because of forgetfulness, and altered drug kinetics.1 The efficacy and safety of antidepressants in elderly people is therefore an important treatment issue. In all age groups the use of tricyclic antidepressants for depression has been declining in favour of serotonin reuptake inhibitors.2 Although views differ on whether serotonin reuptake inhibitors should be used as first line treatment in depression,3 the drop out rates from treatment are similar for both classes of drug—about a third in each group.4 What is the evidence for efficacy and safety of serotonin reuptake inhibitors and other newer classes of antidepressants drugs inelderly depressed patients?

Newer, non-tricyclic antidepressants are often claimed to be as effective as but …
The dansyl chloride technique for stratum corneum renewal as an indicator of changes in epidermal mitotic activity following topical treatment
Authors: B.D. RIDGE, M.D. BATT, H.E. PALMER, A. JARRETT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1988)

Using a hypomitotic agent, triamcinolone acetonide, and a hypermitotic agent, retinyl propionate, we investigated the relationship between epidermal mitotic activity and stratum corneum renewal time of topically treated skin as determined by the dansyl chloride staining technique. Treatment with the base cream resulted in a reduction in renewal time compared with an untreated control site. The predicted increase in renewal time with the hypomitotic agent and reduction with the hypermitotic agent was only observed when daily treatment was commenced 2 weeks prior to and continued after dansyl chloride staining and not when treatment was started after staining. These results indicate that in order to use cell renewal methods to demonstrate changes in mitotic activity brought about by topical treatments, it is necessary to pre-treat the skin with the test material to establish full epidermal equilibrium at the changed mitotic state before labelling with dansyl chloride. Meaningful claims for effects on cell renewal of specific cosmetic ingredients should only be made after comparison with a base cream treated site, both having been allowed to equilibrate, rather than on the basis of comparison with untreated skin.
Interventional Radiology: Principles and Techniques
Authors: R. Brent Harrison
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Interventional Radiology: Principles and Techniques is an excellent reference book for angiographers and interventional radiologists. The book is quite complete, describing in detail virtually all interventional procedures in current use. One exception is dilatation of the coronary arteries, and the authors state they have no experience in this area and do not feel it is appropriate to discuss this technique. In all other procedures, the book uses a cookbook approach, with meticulous attention to the techniques and equipment needed to perform the various procedures.  This book will prove a valuable ready reference for any radiologist doing interventional radiology, since no one does all of these procedures on a daily basis and, therefore, radiologists will frequently need to review the technique before performing a given procedure. The book contains excellent illustrations and line drawings, with many helpful hints for overcoming difficulties that may be encountered during a procedure. It includes brief
Abstract 1822: Decision making and cancer clinical trial participation among African Americans
Authors: Van T. Nguyen, Debra Wujcik, Steven Wolff
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Although the disparity in clinical trial participation is well documented, the main reason why African Americans and the medically underserved do not participate in cancer clinical trials (CCT) has not been agreed upon. It is apparent that new policies and initiatives are required to ensure minority access to CCT and applicability of subsequent results from CCT. METHODS: In-depth interviews were conducted to explore issues of fear and mistrust in CCT participation. Participants were asked questions regarding their perceptions of cancer, research, cancer clinical trials; attitudes toward participation in clinical trials; and the effect of trust in decision-making. Afterward, participants completed a survey, a modification of the Wake Forest Physician Trust Scale to assess trust in medical research study. One field expert and one medical student independently reviewed the tapes, transcripts, and surveys from the interviews for themes, trends, and congruence. Saturation was achieved at eight interviews. RESULTS: Eight African Americans, 7 female and 1 male, participated. Three themes emerged related to decision making and CCT participation: 1) Motivation to participate comes from believing what they were doing would help those coming after them; 2) Trusted sources for CCT information include the research team, primary care providers, and trusted individuals; 3) Final decision making, based on all of the advice and information given, would be theirs to make. CONCLUSION: Potential African American participants in CCT have many trusted sources to turn to and receive advice regarding their decision to participate or not. However, they will listen to the CCT research team and their primary care providers, especially if what they perceive is a trusting and open relationship is established. Given that these potential participants are the ones who make the final decisions, just as much of an effort should be placed on making sure that they have all of the information that they want, whether these conversations are with researchers or primary care providers who know about CCT. An emphasis on how potential African American participants can contribute to CCT and positively affect the lives of other African Americans with the same diagnoses should also be made. Results from this study and a previous study will form the basis for an intervention study. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1822. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1822
False-Positive Monospot or Rubella and Mononucleosis
Authors: Terry B. Tri
Journal: JAMA (1973)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Phillips<sup>1</sup>reported a case clinically consistent with rubella, in which a positive Monospot test result was noted. Because of persistently negative heterophil antibody titers he concluded that the patient did not have mononucleosis and, therefore, the Monospot test result was a false-positive. However, Evans et al<sup>2</sup>previously reported a syndrome of heterophil-negative infectious mononucleosis and indicated that many of these patients have elevated EB virus antibody titers. Phillips<sup>1</sup>reported that EB virus titers could not be obtained in his case. One wonders if this were truly an instance of a false-positive Monospot result or whether it was in fact a case of coexistence of two viral infections—rubella and EB virus. With this in mind, we would like to describe a similar case that is even more suggestive of the coexistence of these two viral diseases. <h3>Report of a Case.—</h3> A 20-year-old boy from El Salvador
Decidua produces a protein that inhibits choriogonadotrophin release from human trophoblasts.
Authors: S G Ren, G D Braunstein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

To test the hypothesis that uterine decidua may modulate trophoblast function, trophoblasts and decidual cells were isolated from term placentas by enzymatic digestion and Percoll gradient centrifugation. Placental trophoblasts were cocultured with decidual cells and trophoblasts or JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells were incubated with medium conditioned by decidual cells (DCM) for 72-96 h. In cocultures decidual cells inhibited choriogonadotropin (hCG) release from trophoblasts by 75% in comparison with controls (P less than 0.001). The DCM contained a factor that markedly inhibited hCG release from trophoblasts and JEG cells in vitro compared with controls. The inhibitory effect of the factor on hCG release was dose dependent, and could be eliminated by boiling the DCM for 30 min or proteolytic enzyme treatment. Ultrafiltration and Sephadex G-50 fractionation of the DCM indicated that the apparent molecular mass was 7,000-10,000 D. DCM also inhibited the stimulatory effect of exogenous cAMP on hCG secretion by JEG-3 cells, suggesting that DCM may interfere with activation of the cAMP-dependent protein kinases or transcription of hCG genes. These results suggest that the release of trophoblast hCG is under local paracrine control, regulated in part by a protein released by decidual cells.
Antifibrogenic effect of a deletion variant of hepatocyte growth factor on liver fibrosis in rats
Authors: H Yasuda
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Hepatic fibrosis, which may lead to cirrhosis, is associated with most chronic liver diseases. Current therapies for hepatic fibrosis are, however, generally ineffective. In this report we assessed the efficacy of the treatment of hepatic fibrosis with a naturally occurring deletion variant of hepatocyte growth factor (dHGF). The administration of dHGF increased liver weight and suppressed the increase of hepatic collagen content in rats treated with dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) to induce hepatic fibrosis. Furthermore, dHGF exerted its mitogenic and antifibrogenic activities even after the liver fibrosis had been established with DMN. Northern blot analysis showed that dHGF suppressed the increase of messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of procollagen α2(I), αl(III), α1(IV), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), desmin (a marker of hepatic lipocytes), and α-smooth muscle (sm)-actin (a marker of activated hepatic lipocytes). In addition to suppressing the elevated TGF-β1, mRNA level in hepatic fibrosis, dHGF had a potent ability to decrease TGF-β1 mRNA level even in a normal liver. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that desmin-positive cells and α-sm-actin-positive cells were increased in the hepatic fibrosis, whereas neither cells were seen in livers of DMN-treated rats given dHGF. We conclude that dHGF prevents and improves the DMN-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats by reducing mRNA levels of procollagens and TGF-β1, by inhibiting an activation of hepatic lipocytes, and by stimulating liver regeneration. dHGF may be useful for and applicable to the treatment of fibrosis in chronic liver diseases.
Posttranslational regulation of self-renewal capacity: insights from proteome and phosphoproteome analyses of stem cell leukemia
Authors: Matthias Trost, Martin Sauvageau, Olivier Hérault, Paul Deleris, Christelle Pomiès, Jalila Chagraoui, Nadine Mayotte, Sylvain Meloche, Guy Sauvageau, Pierre Thibault
Journal: Blood (2012)
Valvular Stenosis Produced by Active Infective Endocarditis
Authors: WILLIAM C. ROBERTS, GORDON A. EWY, D. LUKE GLANCY, FRANK I. MARCUS
Journal: Circulation (1967)

Two patients with obstructed valve orifices secondary to infective endocarditis are described. In one patient the mitral valve orifice was obstructed by large streptococcal vegetations, and in the second, the aortic valve orifice was obstructed by fungal vegetations. The occurrence of obstructive valvular lesions secondary to infective endocarditis is rare.
Coronary Care Unit in a Temporal Dimension
Authors: Samuel Vaisrub
Journal: JAMA (1975)

Conceived and organized as a specialized intensive care facility—a circumscribed area in space—the coronary care unit (CCU) has acquired a temporal dimension. It has become a focal point in time, a present tense for the past and future of a patient with myocardial infarction. We speak glibly of pre-CCU, CCU, and post-CCU phases, as if they were natural states in the progression of a disease. And we relate specific risks to each of these stages. Initially, attention centered on the risk of sudden death occurring in the CCU. When, however, it became apparent that more than 50% of such deaths are caused by arrhythmias that occur before the patient reaches the hospital, interest focused on the pre-CCU period. It became important to learn more about events that preceded the fatal arrhythmias, about their possible warning signals and their pathogenesis. In a recent report, Liberthson and associates<sup>1</sup>provide pertinent clinical
SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS ASSOCIATED WITH AUTO-IMMUNE HAEMOLYTIC ANAEMIA*
Authors: F. CARNEIRO CHAVES, F. GUERRA RODRIGO, M. LUISA FRANCO, JUVENAL ESTEVES
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1970)

SUMMARY. A case of systemic sclerosis associated with haemolytic anaemia from auto‐antibodies is reported. The significance of this rare association, as indirect support for the possible auto‐immune pathogenesis of scleroderma, is discussed.