tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Multiple Painless Glomus Tumours
Authors: J. T. Hueston
Journal: BMJ (1961)

The thrombotest method is relatively insensitive to a reduction in Christmas factor, but correlates well with the one-stage prothrombin time.For the routine clinical laboratory the one-stage prothrombin time as a means of controlling therapy is perhaps still the method of choice, by virtue of its technical simplicity.I thank Professor M. Maizels and Dr. Rosemary Biggs for their most helpful advice and criticism.
Treatment of Menorrhagia with Tranexamic Acid. A Double-blind Trial
Authors: S. L. T. Callender, G. T. Warner, E. Cope
Journal: BMJ (1970)

In a double-blind trial tranexamic acid (Cyclokapron) 1 g. four times a day for the first four days of menstruation, significantly decreased menstrual blood loss in women with menorrhagia for which no organic cause had been found. No difference in side-effects was noted between the active and placebo treatment.
Acquired activated protein C resistance, high tissue factor expression, and hyper‐homocysteinemia in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: D. Oh, S.H. Kim, M.S. Kang, N.K. Kim, N.S. Chang, B.W. Na, S.Y. Chung, S. Park, C.S. Cho
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2003)

Activated protein C resistance (APCR), high tissue factor (TF) expression, and hyper-homocysteinemia are associated with thromboembolic diseases. Thromboembolism is a frequent complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of APCR, high TF, and homocysteine with correlation of the thrombotic tendency in SLE. Ninety-four SLE patients and 28 normal controls were included. APC ratio and TF antigen were measured using commercial kits. Plasma homocysteine level was measured using HPLC. The prevalence of APCR, high TF antigen level, and hyper-homocysteinemia in our SLE patients were 21.3%, 66.0%, and 23.4%, respectively. The median plasma level of TF antigen in SLE patients was 145.23 pg/mL (range, 31.00-778.50 pg/mL), which was significantly higher than the control value of 39.83 pg/mL (range, 1.55-168.50 pg/mL). The median APC ratio in SLE patients was 2.76 (range, 1.48-13.47), which was significantly lower than the control value of 3.59 (range, 0.26-5.66). The plasma level of homocysteine was not significantly different from that of control. A significant association was observed between the presence of APCR (OR = 8.59, P < 0.0001) but not with the presence of high plasma TF antigen level (OR = 1.24, P = 0.67) and thrombotic complications in SLE patients. In conclusion, APCR and high plasma TF levels are common in SLE, but a significant association was observed only between the presence of APCR and thrombosis in SLE patients.
Application of biologically based computer modeling to simple or complex mixtures.
Authors: Kai H Liao, Ivan D Dobrev, James E Dennison, Melvin E Andersen, Brad Reisfeld, Kenneth F Reardon, Julie A Campain, Wei Wei, Michael T Klein, Richard J Quann, Raymond S H Yang
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

The complexity and the astronomic number of possible chemical mixtures preclude any systematic experimental assessment of toxicology of all potentially troublesome chemical mixtures. Thus, the use of computer modeling and mechanistic toxicology for the development of a predictive tool is a promising approach to deal with chemical mixtures. In the past 15 years or so, physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) modeling has been applied to the toxicologic interactions of chemical mixtures. This approach is promising for relatively simple chemical mixtures; the most complicated chemical mixtures studied so far using this approach contained five or fewer component chemicals. In this presentation we provide some examples of the utility of PBPK/PD modeling for toxicologic interactions in chemical mixtures. The probability of developing predictive tools for simple mixtures using PBPK/PD modeling is high. Unfortunately, relatively few attempts have been made to develop paradigms to consider the risks posed by very complex chemical mixtures such as gasoline, diesel, tobacco smoke, etc. However, recent collaboration between scientists at Colorado State University and engineers at Rutgers University attempting to use reaction network modeling has created hope for the possible development of a modeling approach with the potential of predicting the outcome of toxicology of complex chemical mixtures. We discuss the applications of reaction network modeling in the context of petroleum refining and its potential for elucidating toxic interactions with mixtures.
The Removal of Central Venous Silicone Rubber Catheters
Authors: Theo H. Powell
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  After reading Dr Fisher's1 article, I am amazed that the author was able to remove any Hickman catheter by  traction. With the Dacron cuff bonded to the catheter, it is our experience that it is firmly adherent and would take much more than gentle traction to remove this. In fact, it would take tearing away this cuff from the surrounding tissue to which it was bonded by fibrous ingrowth. In our experience, we remove these in the office, placing a small amount of local anesthesia over the cuff, making a small incision, dissecting around the cuff, and easily removing the cuff and entire catheter. One stitch is needed to close the small skin opening. We have had no infectious complications from this procedure, and this virtually eliminates the complication of a retained foreign body.
Neurological Crises Following Methamphetamine
Authors: Francis J. Kane
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To the Editor:—  Concern about amphetamines has centered upon the effects of short-term and long-term use upon mental function and the precipitation of emotional disturbance. 1 While these are important issues, physical accompanying sequelae are possible. This report documents such phenomena related to methamphetamine hydrochloride, which is widely used as an euphoretic. Concern with the euphoretic effect of methamphetamine has caused many to overlook its potent pressor effects often used to support blood pressure during anesthesia.  Report of Cases:—Case 1.—  This 21-year-old white male undergraduate student was admitted to the intensive care unit of the North Carolina Memorial Hospital on May 28, 1968, after having suffered several grand mal seizures in the emergency room. These had followed the intravenous injection of an unknown amount of methamphetamine. On examination, the patient was lethargic with restless movements of the extremities. He was hyperresponsive to stimuli, such as a reflex hammer. The blood
Risk of Restenosis and Health Status Outcomes for Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: John A. Spertus, Ravi Nerella, Richard Kettlekamp, John House, Steve Marso, A. Michael Borkon, John S. Rumsfeld
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Previous comparisons of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery have demonstrated similar survival but have also generally found better health status outcomes (symptoms, function, and quality of life) with CABG. The principal limitation of PCI has been the occurrence of restenosis. No previous studies comparing the health status outcomes of PCI and CABG have examined differences in these outcomes as a function of patients' preprocedural risk for restenosis.We examined the health status outcomes, using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ), among 1459 consecutive patients (1027 treated with PCI and 432, with CABG), stratified by their risk for restenosis. In multivariable-adjusted, linear regression analyses, no differences in 1-year angina or quality of life were observed among the 37.4% of patients at low risk for restenosis. However, among the 46.7% at intermediate risk for restenosis, 1-year health status scores were moderately better after CABG surgery compared with PCI (difference in SAQ angina frequency scores favoring CABG=6.1+/-1.7 points, P=0.0003; difference in SAQ quality of life=5.8+/-1.6 points, P=0.0004). Even larger differences in 1-year outcomes favoring CABG surgery were observed in patients at high risk for restenosis (SAQ angina frequency difference=10.8+/-4.2, P=0.01; SAQ quality of life difference=10.8+/-3.9, P=0.006).The relative health status benefits of CABG surgery compared with PCI increase as the risk of restenosis increases. Although selecting CABG or PCI is complex, preprocedural restenosis risk should be considered. It should also be tested as a means for considering drug-eluting as opposed to bare metal stents in PCI.
THE TREATMENT OF HYSTERICAL DEAFNESS AT HOFF GENERAL HOSPITAL
Authors: ANDREW I. ROSENBERGER, JAMES H. MOORE
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1946)

This is a preliminary report of our clinical experiences and treatment of 45 patients afflicted with hysterical deafness. These patients were given sodium pentothal narcosynthesis. Of this group 16 had been overseas in combat; 14 had been overseas, but not in combat; 15 had no overseas duty. Twenty-two gave a history of deafness prior to induction and one admitted hearing loss for 32 years prior to induction. In the true hysterical patient the results were spectacular. When there was an element of conscious simulation, an improvement in the hearing loss was observed but normal audiometric readings could not be obtained. Intensive therapeutic efforts were continued for several days after narcosynthesis, followed by daily consultations with the neuropsychiatrist over a period of 2 to 4 weeks. The condition of these patients having remained stationary, with no evidence of regression during this period of observation, separation from the service was carried out. The period during which these cases have been observed is insufficient to warrant undue optimism. Failures are anticipated but it is believed that this preliminary study warrants further investigation.
Risk factors of community-acquired pneumonia in children
Authors: T. Heiskanen-Kosma, M. Korppi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)

To the Editors:

In a recent issue of the European Respiratory Journal , Teepe et al. 1 published their interesting observations of determinants of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children in primary care. The authors included 107 children with either radiologically or clinically diagnosed CAP treated as outpatients in four Dutch healthcare centres in 1999–2008, and compared the potential determinants of CAP between the cases and 321 controls from the same area with no CAP during the study period. In adjusted analyses, lower age (OR 1.14), asthma history (OR 3.57) and the number of previous visits for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) (OR 1.80 for one or two episodes and 2.46 for more than three episodes) were independently associated with CAP. The authors concluded that the association between CAP and the number of URTIs …
British and Danish surgeons advise against using dangerous hips
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Specialist hip surgeons have issued new advice that patients who need a total hip replacement should not be given devices using bearings of 36 mm or more until more evidence is available about their safety.

The advice, from the British Hip Society, follows a joint investigation by the BMJ and Newsnight that showed problems with metal-on-metal implants caused by metal ions leaking into the body ( BMJ 2012;344:e1410, doi:10.1136/bmj.e1410).

The Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MRHA) issued a …
P334Identification of suitable reference genes for gene expression studies in normal and pathological human heart tissues
Authors: C E Molina, R Barbet, E Jacquet, C Munoz Guijosa, I Baczko, L Maier, R Fischmeister, A Garnier
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

Purpose: Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) has become the method of choice for mRNA quantification, but requires an accurate normalization based on the use of reference genes showing invariant expression across various pathological conditions. By contrast, few data exist on appropriate reference genes for human heart. Our aim was to determine a set of suitable reference genes in human atrial and ventricular tissues, from right and left cavities in control and various diseases.
HMOs vs Fee for Service: One Is Verse Than the Next
Authors: Hyman J. Milstein
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —That poem by Ms Deborah [Parker]<sup>1</sup>seems to read that HMOs invented medical greed. Since we doctors are thought the best, maybe it's we who first need the test. There's the clever doc whose career did flower by doing procedures at a thousand $ an hour. On costly meds and tests some have been so sold that they use them for everything, even a cold. Then there's the physician with income stupendous— whose care we all know is—well—horrendous. If some HMO execs too much power wield it's because we've given them too fertile a field. Of corporate greed we must all be aware, yet to overcome it we must also be fair. So go ahead Deborah: challenge HMOs, be nosey, but know that rhyming invective is not always poesy.
Wedge Resection and Irradiation
Authors: M. Vera Peters
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Concern for the patients' morale as well as their physical well-being has prompted me to present a preliminary report on our experience in local excision and radiation therapy for early breast cancer at the Ontario Institute, Toronto. Many authors such as Porritt,<sup>1</sup>Smithers,<sup>2</sup>Mustakallio,<sup>3</sup>and de Winter<sup>4</sup>have emphasized a similar concern, and all have been impressed by the excellent survival rates following wide excision and irradiation for early carcinoma of the breast. Actually, if the five-year survival rate is employed as the parameter, no superior method of treatment has so far been demonstrated in stages I and II breast cancer. This conclusion has been amply supported by the prospective clinical trials comparing methods of treatment which have been reported by Kaae and Johansen<sup>5</sup>as well as Paterson and Russell.<sup>6</sup>Also, biometricians such as Park and Lees,<sup>7</sup>McKinnon,<sup>8</sup>and Shimkin<sup>9</sup>have
Dynamic Sentinel Node Biopsy in Penile Carcinoma: Evaluation of 10 Years Experience
Authors: Bin K. Kroon, Simon Horenblas, Willem Meinhardt, Henk G. van der Poel, Axel Bex, Harm van Tinteren, Renato A. Valdés Olmos, Omgo E. Nieweg
Journal: European Urology (2004)
Lung Tissue Elastin Composition in Newborn Infants with the Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Other Diseases
Authors: Hugh E. Evans, Stephen Keller, Ines Mandl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1974)

Amino acid analysis of human fetal lung elastin was undertaken in 49 instances of live-born neonates, ranging from 380 g to full term, and in 3 abortuses of 12-14 wk gestation. The data suggest that formation of the cross-linking agents, desmosine and isodesmosine, occurs early, between 14 and 22 wk. The ratio of neutral to charged amino acids remains low until the 36th wk when it attains adult levels. The composition of elastin was independent of sex and duration of survival. In three neonatal pulmonary diseases (respiratory distress syndrome, atelectasis, and hemorrhage) ratios were significantly lower than those found in nondiseased lungs. This may be a reflection of immaturity or may be a predisposing factor in neonatal lung disease. The latter hypothesis is attractive and receives indirect support from the association of a more polar elastin with other diseases, including adult emphysema and atheromatous aortic change.Our finding of relatively high polarity in elastin from human fetal lung is consistent with previous observations in a variety of fetal organs of other species.
Volvulus and Pregnancy
Authors: Robert D. O'Malley
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1952)

VOLVULUS is a rare complication of pregnancy, only 9 such cases having been reported in the North American literature and only 85 having been found in the world literature through 1950. The following case of sigmoid volvulus complicating pregnancy is presented because of the relative rarity of the condition and because the successful outcome of this case, with survival of both mother and infant, makes the surgical principles involved worthy of discussion.Case ReportB. C., a 24-year-old primipara, was admitted on May 21, 1948, to the Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center complaining of lower-abdominal pain of five hours' duration. She . . .
Routine Monitoring of Outcome over 11 Years in a Residential Behavioural Psychotherapy Unit
Authors: Nigel McKenzie, Isaac Marks
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2003)

Though research trials have to rate clinical outcome, few units monitor outcome of their routine care over many years. We report such monitoring to evaluate therapy over time and under changing operating and economic conditions.Clinical outcome data were collected routinely over 11 years in a behavioural psychotherapy unit whose residential patients mostly had severe, chronic obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) treated by self-exposure therapy. Data were from 218 referrals during 4 of the 11 available years.In each of the 4 time periods, the patients improved consistently and highly significantly by 30-50% on symptoms and disability, which resembled outcome in a multi-centre controlled trial. There were almost no significant differences in pre-treatment ratings between patients who attended follow-up, patients who completed residential treatment but not follow-up and those who did not complete residential treatment. When the unit became a hostel and the UK government introduced an internal market, more chronic patients were admitted who often lived far away.The fact that successive OCD cohorts had improved comparably by discharge suggests there was no 'burn-out' in staff standards of care over 11 years, and no loss of gains when the unit became a more cost-effective hostel.
People considered virtually unable to walk can walk further and faster than in 1977
Authors: J. Hunter
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Help with mobility for disabled people evolved from invalid cars (Invacars) to the mobility allowance in 1977 and then the “higher rate mobility” component of the disabled living allowance in 1992. Eligibility criteria have remained virtually constant over 20 years, yet the number of recipients has increased dramatically to almost two million.

Over 20 years I have studied five groups of patients considered virtually unable to walk: 36 with invalid cars in 1977; three groups receiving the mobility allowance (34 in 1978, 1 236 in 1983,2 and 44 in 1990); and 38 receiving the …
Population mixing and the incidence of childhood leukaemias: retrospective comparison in rural areas of New Zealand
Authors: J. D Dockerty, B. Cox, B. Borman, K. Sharples
Journal: BMJ (1996)

In 1988 Kinlen hypothesised that childhood leukaemia occurs as a rare response to a common infection and that population influxes into rural areas with higher proportions of susceptible individuals favour epidemics of the infection and increases in the incidence of leukaemia.1 Most ecological studies of childhood leukaemia in relation to this issue have supported the hypothesis.2 Our study was conducted to test whether population influxes into rural areas of New Zealand were associated with increases in the incidence of childhood leukaemias.

Forestry developments, including the building of a pulp and paper mill, occurred in the adjacent Rotorua, Matamata, and Whakatane areas of New Zealand's North Island in the 1950s. These developments led to population growth and the establishment of the new towns of Kawerau and Murupara. In this study boundaries were defined for the Rotorua, Matamata, and …
The Influence of Incision-Induced Astigmatism and Axial Lens Position on the Correction of Myopic Astigmatism with the Artisan Toric Phakic Intraocular Lens
Authors: Marjolijn C. Bartels, Ruchi Saxena, Thomas J.T.P. van den Berg, Gabriel van Rij, Paul G.H. Mulder, Gregorius P.M. Luyten
Journal: Ophthalmology (2006)
MULTIPLE ENZYME CHANGES IN THE PLASMA OF NORMAL AND TUMOR-BEARING MICE FOLLOWING INFECTION WITH THE LACTIC DEHYDROGENASE AGENT
Authors: Abner Louis Notkins, Robert E. Greenfield, Diana Marshall, Louisa Bane
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1963)

Within 72 hours after injection of the LDH agent into normal mice, five (LDH, ICDH, MDH, PHI, and GOT) out of the seven plasma enzymes studied were elevated. This elevation persisted for the duration of the experiment. Alkaline phosphatase and aldolase were not elevated. Plasma from mice bearing tumor SS-70429 and infected with the LDH agent showed 7 times more LDH, 8 times more ICDH, and 4 times more MDH activity than the plasma from mice with the same tumor but uninfected. The plasma aldolase activity from the infected tumor-bearing animal was approximately the same as that from the uninfected tumor-bearing animal. Somewhat similar results, but lower in magnitude, were found with mice bearing mammary carcinoma C(3)HBA. The early rise in plasma enzyme activity (LDH, MDH, ICDH) prior to the actual appearance of the tumor was shown to be due not to the tumor, but to the LDH agent. Uninfected tumor-bearing mice showed a late increase in plasma enzyme activity which appeared to be related to tumor growth. The findings reported above suggest that contamination with the LDH agent may have been responsible for much of the increased plasma enzyme activity previously attributed to the tumor.
The Evaluation of Cardioactive Agents by Human Bioassay
Authors: S. J. Shane
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1950)

RECENT advances in clinical research have demonstrated a new approach to the study of physiologic and pharmacologic problems. Until recently, most of the investigative work in these fields employed the laboratory animal as the test subject, and, although much valuable information has been gathered by these means, the investigators concerned have been the first to stress the fact that results so obtained should be accepted with caution, and to urge that suitable and safe methods be devised for the replacement of the laboratory animal by the human subject in clinical investigation.During the past few years, many scientific tools have . . .