tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hospitals will struggle to meet productivity targets, says think tank
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Around half of 29 NHS trust finance directors questioned for a report said that they are unsure that they will meet targets set by their trusts to increase productivity to make the £20bn (€23bn; $32bn) savings demanded of the NHS in England over the next four years. Without a productivity increase, services may have to be cut, putting extra pressure on waiting times.

In its second ever quarterly report on how the NHS is performing the healthcare think tank the King’s Fund invited 49 finance directors to complete an internet survey, and a further five were interviewed. The 29 directors who took part were drawn from acute trusts, mental health trusts, and …
Juvenile pityriasis rubra pilaris: successful treatment with ciclosporin
Authors: T. Wetzig, M. Sticherling
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2003)

Journal Article Juvenile pityriasis rubra pilaris: successful treatment with ciclosporin Get access T. Wetzig, T. Wetzig Department of Dermatology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. E‐mail: wett@medizin.uni‐leipzig.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Sticherling M. Sticherling Department of Dermatology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. E‐mail: wett@medizin.uni‐leipzig.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 149, Issue 1, 1 July 2003, Pages 202–203, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05394.x Published: 01 July 2003
Lymphatic Vessel Density and VEGF-C Expression are Significantly Different Among Benign and Malignant Thyroid Lesions
Authors: Eduardo Anselmo Garcia, Kleber Simões, Alda Wakamatsu, Rodrigo Albergaria Ressio, Venâncio Avancini Ferreira Alves, Adhemar Longatto-Filho, Roberto Souza Camargo
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2010)
WHAT CAN BE DONE IN CANCER WITH ROENTGEN RAYS?
Authors: WILLIAM ALLEN PUSEY
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Undoubtedly the Roentgen ray as a therapeutic agent in cancer has lost ground in the estimation of the profession. It has gone through the familiar cycle: promise, exaggerated expectations and statements, disappointments and reaction. In the case of Roentgen rays the course has been particularly unfortunate; the agent lends itself so readily to sensational exploitation and it<sup>3</sup>application is so outside the usual routine of medical and surgical procedure that many conservative men have neither undertaken to use it, nor—what is more unfortunate—made themselves familiar with what might be properly expected from it or with its actual results; while on the other side its haphazard application is so easy that many untrained men have used it with much damage to its reputation. What are the facts? Is the skepticism concerning it a just and temperate judgment? Has it failed to live up to its early reasonable promise, or is it
Association between Manganese Exposure through Drinking Water and Infant Mortality in Bangladesh
Authors: Danella Hafeman, Pam Factor-Litvak, Zhongqi Cheng, Alexander van Geen, Habibul Ahsan
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

Manganese is a common natural contaminant of groundwater in Bangladesh. In this cross-sectional study we assessed the association between water manganese and all-cause infant mortality in the offspring of female participants in the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study Cohort.
MASS OF SAFETY PINS IN THE STOMACH
Authors: George Blackburne
Journal: JAMA (1927)

This case is reported because of the large number of safety pins present in a stomach for years, without subjective symptoms. Owing to the unusual character of the case and the large number of people who knew about it, the public press reported some of the details before I was ready to present the case through medical channels. M. B., a woman, aged 35, born in Poland, admitted to my service at St. Michael's Hospital, Jan. 28, 1927, was frail and anemic looking, and gave as her reason for coming to the hospital a prolapse of the rectum. This was promptly reduced under gas anesthesia. The urine was normal; crythrocytes, 3,000,000, with some achromia, anisocytosis and poikilocytosis; leukocytes, 12,200; polymorphonuclears, 78 per cent; hemoglobin, 25 per cent. Physical examination showed a movable mass in the epigastrium, somewhat larger than a baseball. Roentgen-ray examination showed the
Radiation Dose From Adult and Pediatric Multidetector Computed Tomography
Authors: H. William Strauss
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Genetic polymorphism of epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase in COPD
Authors: S‐L. Cheng, C‐J. Yu, C‐J. Chen, P‐C. Yang
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2004)

Genetic susceptibility to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) might depend on variation in the activities of enzymes that detoxify cigarette smoke products, such as microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEPHX) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). It was investigated whether polymorphisms in these genes had any association with susceptibility to COPD and COPD severity. The genotypes of 184 patients with COPD and 212 control subjects were determined by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the mEPHX, GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 genes. All subjects were smokers or exsmokers. The proportion of GSTM1-null genotypes was significantly higher in patients with COPD than in control subjects (61.4 versus 42.5%). No differences were observed in the frequency of polymorphic genotypes for mEPHX, GSTT1 and GSTP1. During combined analysis of genetic polymorphisms for mEPHX, GSTM1 and GSTP1, it was found that there are strong indicators for susceptibility to COPD (genotype combination with at least one mutant mEPHX exon-3 allele (histidine 113), GSTM1 null and homozygous for the GSTPI isoleucine 105 allele). The frequencies of homozygous mutant alleles of mEPHX exon 3 and the GSTMI-null genotype were significantly higher in patients with severe COPD (forced expiratory volume in one second of <35% of the predicted value). It is proposed that the combination of genetic variants including at least one mutant microsomal epoxide hydrolase exon-3 allele and glutathione S-transferase M1-null and homozygous isoleucine 105 glutathione S-transferase P1 genotypes are significant indicators of susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the Taiwanese population. In addition, the homozygous variant of microsomal epoxide hydrolase exon 3 and the glutathione S-transferase M1-null genotype are independent risk factors for developing severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
FDG PET/CT Findings in Malignant Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm of the Bile Ducts
Authors: Kentaro Takanami, Tomomichi Hiraide, Tomohiro Kaneta, Hiroki Hayashi, Michiaki Unno, Fumiyoshi Fujishima, Hiroshi Fukuda, Shogo Yamada, Shoki Takahashi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

A 58-year-old man with no significant symptoms was referred to the hospital due to the presence of an intrahepatic cystic tumor and a dilated intrahepatic bile duct. F-18 FDG PET/CT demonstrated intense FDG uptake in the marginal region of the cystic tumor. Subsequently, the patient underwent a right hemihepatectomy with extrahepatic bile duct resection. The histopathology revealed a malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the bile ducts with dysplasia. This report thus documents the FDG PET findings in malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the bile ducts, which showed an intense FDG uptake in the tumor.
Estrogen carcinogenesis in the hamster kidney: role of cytotoxicity and cell proliferation.
Authors: J J Li, A Gonzalez, S Banerjee, S K Banerjee, S A Li
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1993)

Both natural and synthetic estrogens are capable of inducing renal neoplasms in Syrian hamsters with an incidence approaching 100%. Neither the sequence of events nor the mechanisms involved in estrogen carcinogenesis in this model have been established. Results presented here indicate that estrogen induces renal tubular damage in the hamster kidney that is progressive and cumulative. Tubular injury was evident both as abnormal or lost microvilli, accumulation of cytoplasmic lipid droplets, vacuolization, and increases in secondary and tertiary lysosomes after 1.5 months of diethylstilbestrol (DES) treatment. Increasing tubular damage was evidence by the detachment of tubular cells, cell debris, and occluded renal tubular lumens. In an effort to repair proximal tubular damage in the hamster kidney elicited by estrogens, a 4.0-fold increase in proximal tubule BrdU labeling was evident at 4 months of DES or 17 beta-estradiol (E2) treatment and in earlier estrogen treatment periods (1-3 months). During this period, there was a significant increase in aneuploid cells in the hamster kidney, the near diploid frequency increased more than 6.0-fold, and the near tetraploid frequency increased at least 3.0-fold between 1.5 and 3.5 months of estrogen treatment. Based on these data, the early sequence of events leading to estrogen-induced renal neoplastic transformation in the hamster is presented.
Induction of CXCL10 secretion by interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor-α and its inhibition by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonists in cultured scleroderma fibroblasts
Authors: A. Antonelli, C. Ferri, S.M. Ferrari, M. Colaci, D. Giuggioli, P. Fallahi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2010)

Journal Article Induction of CXCL10 secretion by interferon‐γ and tumour necrosis factor‐α and its inhibition by peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ agonists in cultured scleroderma fibroblasts Get access A. Antonelli, A. Antonelli Metabolism Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. Ferri, C. Ferri Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via del Pozzo 71, 41100 Modena, Italy Correspondence: Clodoveo Ferri. E‐mail: clferri@unimo.it Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.M. Ferrari, S.M. Ferrari Metabolism Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. Colaci, M. Colaci Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via del Pozzo 71, 41100 Modena, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. Giuggioli, D. Giuggioli Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, Via del Pozzo 71, 41100 Modena, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Fallahi P. Fallahi Metabolism Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa School of Medicine, Pisa, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 163, Issue 3, 1 September 2010, Pages 650–651, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09844.x Published: 01 September 2010
T cell memory is short-lived in the absence of antigen.
Authors: D Gray, P Matzinger
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1991)

Immunological memory has generally been ascribed to the development of long-lived memory cells that can persist for years in the absence of renewed antigenic encounter. In the experiments reported here, we have adoptively transferred memory T cells in the presence and absence of priming antigen and assessed their functional survival. The results indicate that, in contrast to the traditional view, the maintenance of T cell memory requires the presence of antigen, suggesting that memory, like tolerance, is an antigen-dependent process rather than an antigen-independent state.
Serum levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, and interleukin‐2 receptor in patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis and allergic conjunctivitis
Authors: E. Uchio, S. Ono, Z. Ikezawa, S. Ohno
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is characterized by severe ocular allergic inflammation that may have a poor visual prognosis. Due to the high frequency of the presence of atopic dermatitis (AD) in VKC, most systemic parameters are dependent on the clinical severity of AD.Serum levels of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and sIL-2R were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay using samples from 30 VKC patients, 30 allergic conjunctivitis (AC) patients, and 20 normal subjects, to determine whether the concentrations of these molecules are elevated.Circulating sICAM-1 and sIL-2R levels were increased in patients with VKC with AD compared with those in VKC without AD, AC, and normal controls. Serum levels of sVCAM-1 in VKC patients with and without AD were significantly higher than those in controls. No significant difference was found in the levels of sVCAM-1 between patients with VKC with and without AD. In VKC patients with AD, the sIL-2R level correlated significantly with severity of AD, whereas no such correlation was found for sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1.These results suggest that serum sVCAM-1 can be used as a marker to differentiate VKC from nonproliferative ocular allergic diseases, and specific immunologic features of VKC may underlie the upregulation of serum sVCAM-1.
Typical British malaise
Authors: Peter J Mahaffey
Journal: BMJ (2008)

tackling alcohol misuse Needs in adolescentsParker et al's review of alcohol misuse did not deal with the problems and needs of adolescent drinkers, who often present to emergency departments when drunk. 1 Alcohol misuse is common in this age group and its incidence is rising, at great cost to individuals, families, and wider society.It is significantly associated with risk of suicide, violence, and accidents-the most common causes of death for young people. 2 It is also an important marker of serious social problems, which should be explored with all those who present to health services. 3 Despite this, emergency department doctors often don't screen for alcohol misuse in young people and are poor at recognising it without formalised screening tools.AUDIT and its derivatives can be used in adolescents, although lower cut-off scores than for adults are probably wise.Just asking, "How often do you get drunk?"identifies young people at risk of traumatic injury through drinking, 4 and the Paddington alcohol test identifies "binge" drinkers. 5 Testing blood alcohol levels at presentation is no substitute for formally investigating drinking habits and risk behaviour because young people are drunk at lower blood alcohol concentrations than adults and binge drinking is intermittent.Although it has been reported that young people are more prone than adults to hypoglycaemia when drunk, this is rare.Other pathologies must be considered in intoxicated adolescents with hypoglycaemia, including infection or additional toxic and metabolic insults.
Differing effects of antiinsulin serum and antiinsulin receptor serum on 123I-insulin metabolism in rats.
Authors: J C Sodoyez, F Sodoyez Goffaux, R von Frenckell, C J De Vos, S Treves, C R Kahn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1985)

Anesthetized rats were treated with saline, antiinsulin receptor serum, or antiinsulin serum, and the biodistribution of high pressure liquid chromatography-purified 123I-Tyr A14-insulin was studied by scintillation scanning. Time activity curves over organs of interest were calibrated by sacrificing the rats at the end of the experiment and directly determining the radioactivity in the blood, liver, and kidneys. Saline-treated rats exhibited normal insulin biodistribution. The highest concentration of 123I-insulin was found in the liver, and reached 30% of total injected dose between 3 and 5 min after injection. After this peak, activity rapidly decreased with a t1/2 of 6 min. Activity of 123I-insulin in kidney showed a more gradual rise and fall and was approximately 15% of injected dose at its maximum. In rats treated with antiinsulin antiserum, insulin biodistribution was markedly altered. Peak liver activity increased with increasing antibody concentration with up to 90% of injected dose appearing in the liver. In addition, there was no clearance of the liver 123I-insulin over 30 min. Autoradiographic studies demonstrated that in contrast to the normal rats in which radioactivity was associated with hepatocytes, in rats passively immunized with anti-insulin serum, 125I-insulin was associated primarily with the Kuppfer cells. In contrast, antibodies to the insulin receptor markedly inhibited 123I-insulin uptake by the liver. Kidney activity increased, reflecting the amount of free 123I-insulin that reached this organ. This is similar to the pattern observed when insulin receptors are saturated with a high concentration of unlabeled insulin. Thus, both insulin antibodies and anti-receptor antibodies alter the distribution of insulin, but with very different patterns. The use of 123I-insulin and scintillation scanning allows one to study specific alterations in insulin distribution in animal models of insulin-resistant states, and should also be useful in human disease states.
Prognostic Implications of Asymptomatic Ventricular Arrhythmias: The Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Mahesh Bikkina, Martin G. Larson, Daniel Levy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1992)

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and prognostic significance of asymptomatic complex or frequent ventricular premature beats detected during ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring. Design: Cohort study with a follow-up period of 4 to 6 years. Setting: Population-based. Participants: Surviving patients of the original Framingham Heart Study cohort and offspring of original cohort members (2727 men and 3306 women). Measurements: One-hour ambulatory electrocardiography. Results: The age-adjusted prevalence of complex or frequent arrhythmia (more than 30 ventricular premature complexes per hour or multiform premature complexes, ventricular couplets, ventricular tachycardia, or R-on-T ventricular premature complexes) was 12% (95% Cl, 11 % to 13%) in the 2425 men without clinically evident coronary heart disease and 33% (Cl, 24% to 42%) in the 302 men with coronary heart disease. The corresponding values in women (3064 without disease and 242 with disease) were 12% (Cl, 11% to 13%) and 26% (Cl, 9% to 43%). After adjusting for age and traditional risk factors for coronary heart disease in a Cox proportional hazards model, men without coronary heart disease who had complex or frequent ventricular arrhythmias were at increased risk for both all-cause mortality (relative risk, 2.30; Cl, 1.65 to 3.20) and the occurrence of myocardial infarction or death from coronary heart disease (relative risk, 2.12; Cl, 1.33 to 3.38). In men with coronary heart disease and in women with and without coronary heart disease, complex or frequent arrhythmias were not associated with an increased risk for either outcome. Conclusions: In men who do not have clinically apparent coronary heart disease, the incidental detection of ventricular arrhythmias is associated with a twofold increase in the risk for all-cause mortality and myocardial infarction or death due to coronary heart disease. The preventive and therapeutic implications of these findings await further investigation.
Epidemiological and prognostic factors involved in upper gastrointestinal bleeding: results of a French prospective multicenter study
Authors: S. Nahon, H. Hagège, J. Latrive, I. Rosa, B. Nalet, B. Bour, R. Faroux, P. Gower, J. Arpurt, J. Denis, J. Henrion, A. Rémy, A. Pariente
Journal: Endoscopy (2012)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> The mortality rate from upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) remains high, at 5 % – 10 %. The aim of the current study was to describe the epidemiological characteristics, prognostic factors, and actual practice in a cohort of patients with UGIB admitted to French general hospitals. <b>Methods:</b> From March 2005 to February 2006, a prospective multicenter study was conducted at 53 French hospitals. A total of 3298 patients admitted for UGIB were enrolled consecutively. Patient data were collected up to the date of discharge from hospital. <b>Results:</b> Data were available for 2130 men and 1073 women (mean age 63 ± 18 years), one-third of whom were taking drugs that would increase the risk of UGIB. The two main causes of bleeding were peptic ulcers (38 %) and esophagogastric varices (EGV) or portal hypertensive gastropathy (24.5 %). Mean Rockall score was 5.0 ± 2.3. Endoscopy was performed on 96 % of patients (within 24 hours in 79 %), and 66 % of those with ulcers and 62.5 % of the EGV patients underwent hemostatic therapy when indicated. Rebleeding occurred in 9.9 % of the patients, and 8.3 % died. Independent predictors of rebleeding were: need for transfusion (odds ratio [OR] 19.1; 95 % confidence interval [95 %CI] 10.1 – 35.9); hemoglobin < 10 g/dL (OR: 1.7; 95 %CI 1.1 – 3.3); Rockall score (OR: 1.4 for each 1 point score increase; 95 %CI 1.0 – 1.9), systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (OR: 1.9; 95 %CI 1.4 – 2.5), and signs of recent bleeding (OR: 2.4; 95 %CI 1.7 – 3.5). Independent predictors of mortality were: Rockall score (OR: 2.8; 95 %CI 2.0 – 4.0), co-morbidities (OR: 3.6 for each additional co-morbidity; 95 %CI 2.0 – 6.3), and systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (OR: 2.1; 95 %CI 1.8 – 2.8). Rockall score, blood pressure and co-morbidities were taken as continuous variables meaning that the OR was 1.4 for every point increase, it was the same for blood pressure. <b>Conclusion:</b> UGIB still occurs mainly as a result of peptic ulcers and portal hypertension in France, and causes significant rates of mortality. There is scope for improvement via better prevention (better use of UGIB-facilitating drugs), endoscopic therapy, and management of co-morbidities.