tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Funding aid according to outcomes can improve health in poor countries, seminar hears
Authors: R. Hurley
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Aid programmes in poor countries that are funded on the basis of measurable results have shown some promise in improving health efficiently, experts told a seminar in London on 7 April.

The system, “results based financing,” means that donors pay for programmes where the results can be precisely measured. They may pay, for example, according to exactly how many children are vaccinated.

However, members of the expert panel cautioned that the system needs more evaluation and that there can be “unintended consequences.”

“Donors are under more pressure to account for foreign aid spending: securing ‘value for money’ is now at the top of the agenda,” said Sam McPherson from the International HIV/AIDS Alliance, who chaired the seminar at University College London. He echoed the words of …
Chest radiotherapy to achieve lung volume reduction
Authors: J.A. Guenette, N. Raghavan, P. O’Meara, C.E. de Metz, D.E. O’Donnell
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2012)

Since the work of AXFORD et al. [5], there has been very limited published work along this topic, despite the fact that the technical understanding of lung radiotherapy has advanced considerably.A model can be conceived in which dose and fractionation are designed to limit the syndrome of pneumonitis, and resulting in regional fibrotic shrinkage.We agree with the proposed mechanism of the authors, believe that this is an area which is ripe for clinical research and call for a broad discussion on this topic.
Loss of laminin and of the laminin receptor integrin subunit alpha 6 in situ correlates with cytokine induced down regulation of alpha 6 on fibroblast-like synoviocytes from rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: N Rinaldi, T F E Barth, D Weis, M Schwarz-Eywill, A Pezzutto, M Lukoschek, D Brocai, B Brado
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

<h3>OBJECTIVE</h3> To investigate in situ the expression of the integrin receptor subunits α6 and β1 and the distribution of the ligand laminin in the synovia from osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and to study the effect of cytokines and antirheumatic drugs on the expression of the α6 and β1 integrin subunits on long term cultures of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FBS) derived from OA and RA. <h3>METHODS</h3> The expression of the α6 and β1 integrin subunits and the distribution of laminin were examined immunohistochemically in normal synovia and in synovia from patients with OA and RA. The effect of proinflammatory cytokines (IL1β and TNFα), and of antirheumatic drugs (salicylic acid, dexamethasone, and methotrexate) on the α6 and β1 expression of cultured normal FBS and FBS from patients with OA and RA was determined by flow cytometry. <h3>RESULTS</h3> In normal synovia and in OA synovia samples with a low grade of inflammation, synovial lining cells (SLC) showed a parallel expression and distribution of α6 and laminin. In synovia samples of OA with a higher grade of inflammation and in the majority of RA synovia samples laminin was pericellularly distributed in a low number of SLC, whereas α6 was expressed on the surface of a high number of SLC. In RA synovia samples with severe inflammatory changes the gradual loss of laminin generally corresponded to a decrease of the α6 integrin subunit. β1 was always strongly expressed in all synovia samples detected. Proinflammatory cytokines up regulated the expression of α6 and β1 on OA-FBS, whereas these effectors decreased α6 and β1 on RA-FBS. In contrast, antirheumatic drugs, in particular methotrexate and dexamethasone, reduced the expression of α6 and β1 on OA-FBS, whereas the same treatment on RA-FBS stimulated the expression of these integrin subunits. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> The gradual loss of laminin in chronic synovitis may contribute to the altered expression of α6 in SLC. IL1β and TNFα down regulated the expression of the α6 and β1 integrin subunits on long term cultures of FBS derived from RA. Therefore, these cytokines may be among the effectors regulating the expression of the α6 integrin subunit in SLC in vivo. As antirheumatic drugs increase the expression of α6 on RA-FBS, the presence of the laminin receptor may confer a protective effect on the synovia in vivo.
Lemma theory and aphasiology
Authors: Carlo Semenza, Claudio Luzzatti, Sara Mondini
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Recent aphasiological findings, not mentioned in the target article, have been accounted for by Levelt et al.'s theory and have, in turn, provided it with empirical support and new leads. This interaction is especially promising in the domain of complex word retrieval. Examples of particular categories of compounds are discussed.
Determinants of the selection of phosphatidylcholine molecular species for secretion into bile in the rat
Authors: Wayne W. LaMorte, Michael L. Booker, Susannah Kay
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Certain phosphatidylcholine (PC) molecular species appear to be secreted into bile preferentially, but the mechanism for this selection remains obscure. We used multivariate analysis to examine the relationship between PC structure and the odds of secretion for individual PC species secreted into bile. PC was isolated from Folch extracts of bile and liver from rats, and individual molecular species of PC were quantified with reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The odds of secretion for a given PC species were quantified as the ratio of its mole% in bile/mole% in liver. Regression analysis indicated that the odds of secretion were significantly related to length of both the sn-1 and sn-2 acyl chains (P < .0001 for both) and to relative hydrophobicity as determined by reverse-phase HPLC (P < .0001). In addition, the relationship between odds of secretion and sn-1 chain length was best described by a parabolic function. Considered together, these characteristics accounted for 88% of the observed differences in odds of secretion. This relationship between PC structure and odds of secretion was strikingly similar to the relationship between PC structure and affinity for bovine PC transfer protein. When multivariate models were used to predict both the odds of secretion and the affinity for PC transfer protein for a set of biologically plausible PC species, there was a linear relationship between the two. The likelihood of a given PC species being secreted into bile can be related to the structural characteristics of the acyl chains without having to postulate the existence of a special pool of PC destined for biliary secretion. Second, the structural characteristics that dictate selection of PC species for secretion into bile are similar to those that determine binding affinity for PC transfer protein, suggesting that the likelihood of a PC being secreted into bile is, in fact, closely related to its binding affinity for PC transfer protein (PC-TP).
P831 MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING ALLOWS QUANTITATION OF HEPATIC TRIGLYCERIDE CONCENTRATION IN HUMANS
Authors: R. Jiménez-Agüero, J.I. Emparanza, A. Beguiristain, L. Bujanda, J.M. Alustiza, E. García, E. Hijona, L. Gallego, J. Sánchez, M. Perugorria, J. Asensio, S. Larburu, M. Garmendia, M. Larzabal, M. Portillo, L. Aguirre, J. Banales
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Modulation of high-affinity IgE receptor expression in blood monocytes: Opposite effect of IL-4 and glucocorticoids
Authors: Philippe Gosset, Catherine Lamblin-Degros, Isabelle Tillie-Leblond, Anne-Sophie Charbonnier, Michel Joseph, Benoit Wallaert, Jarema P. Kochan, André-Bernard Tonnel
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2001)
As the Board Sees It
Authors: Richard J. Reitemeier, John A. Benson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

The American Board of Internal Medicine appreciates more than most the "dilemma" in which internal medicine finds itself.1 In setting standards for subspecialists the Board was responding to a trend set in motion 20 years earlier. Its erstwhile Chairman, Dr. Petersdorf, articulate and well informed, accepts on behalf of the Board more guilt for subspecialization than other emeriti and current members do. But the Board does not challenge his facts.Also convinced that too many positions are offered in the United States for the training of clinical subspecialists in internal medicine, the Board has repeatedly and exhaustively re-examined its policies . . .
High-Density Livestock Production and Molecularly Characterized MRSA Infections in Pennsylvania
Authors: Joan A. Casey, Bo Shopsin, Sara E. Cosgrove, Keeve E. Nachman, Frank C. Curriero, Hannah R. Rose, Brian S. Schwartz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2014)

European studies suggest that living near high-density livestock production increases the risk of sequence type (ST) 398 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization. To our knowledge, no studies have evaluated associations between livestock production and human infection by other strain types.We evaluated associations between MRSA molecular subgroups and high-density livestock production.We conducted a yearlong 2012 prospective study on a stratified random sample of patients with culture-confirmed MRSA infection; we oversampled patients from the Geisinger Health System with exposure to high-density livestock production in Pennsylvania. Isolates were characterized using S. aureus protein A (spa) typing and detection of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) and scn genes. We compared patients with one of two specific MRSA strains with patients with all other strains of MRSA isolates, using logistic regression that accounted for the sampling design, for two different exposure models: one based on the location of the animals (livestock model) and the other on crop field application of manure (crop field model).Of 196 MRSA isolates, we identified 30 spa types, 47 PVL-negative and 15 scn-negative isolates, and no ST398 MRSA. Compared with quartiles 1-3 combined, the highest quartiles of swine livestock and dairy/veal crop field exposures were positively associated with community-onset-PVL-negative MRSA (CO-PVL-negative MRSA vs. all other MRSA), with adjusted odds ratios of 4.24 (95% CI: 1.60, 11.25) and 4.88 (95% CI: 1.40, 17.00), respectively. The association with CO-PVL-negative MRSA infection increased across quartiles of dairy/veal livestock exposure (trend p = 0.05).Our findings suggest that other MRSA strains, beyond ST398, may be involved in livestock-associated MRSA infection in the United States.
New Developments in Managing Physician-Industry Relationships
Authors: David J. Rothman
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Zinc therapy of Wilson's disease: Two views
Authors: George J. Brewer, Herbert I. Scheinberg
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

After initial promotion of copper excretion with D-penicillamine, the effect of oral zinc sulphate (3×150 mg/day, loading dose; 3×100 mg/day, maintenance dose) in two children with clinically stable Wilson's disease was evaluated after completion of three years' treatment. The course, judged by clinical, biochemical, and histological parameters was satisfactory in both. The urinary copper concentration reverted to less than 1.26 μmol/24 hours; and the serum copper concentration decreased further during zinc sulphate treatment. In one child the rise in 24 hour urinary copper excretion observed after a challenge dose of D-penicillamine (±20 mg/kg) remained constant throughout the period of observation while the liver copper content fell from 1460 μg/g dry weight to 890 μg/g dry weight. In the other patient, however, the liver copper content as well as the 24 hour urinary copper excretion increased after D-penicillamine challenge during the third year of treatment. We conclude that zinc sulphate is a low toxic and well tolerated alternative for D-penicillamine. The dosage depends, however, on individual factors not yet well understood, and we recommend restriction of its use to patients who do not tolerate D-penicillamine well. We suggest monitoring of treatment with yearly D-penicillamine challenge and a liver biopsy if liver function deteriorates.
Doctors need to know more about advance directives
Authors: S. Zaman, T. Battcock
Journal: BMJ (1998)

EDITOR—Doyal has written about the need for education and training of doctors about advance directives.1 Because of the Law Commission's proposal to give advance directives a statutory basis2 doctors must understand the legal implications.3 The BMA has published a code of practice to guide health professionals,4 but uncertainty still exists. At the BMA's conference in Brighton in 1996 a motion proposing that “advance directives should be specific and clearly defined” was …
Observations on Mask Pressure Achieved with the Kreiselman Infant Resuscitator
Authors: Robert F. Hustead, Mary Ellen Avery
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

WE have recently been puzzled by an apparent paradox. The Model 20 or 21 Kreiselman apparatus for resuscitation of the newborn infant, used for years in our delivery rooms, has been effective in initiating respiration in some depressed infants when the pressure relief indicator beside the water column was set to a limit of 10 mm. of mercury (13.6 cm. of water).1 , 2 On the other hand, studies with lungs excised from animals and infants suggest that higher pressures must be sustained a minute or more before air is observed to enter the lung.3 , 4 A pressure of 13.6 cm. of water . . .
An Address on the Sins of the Teetotallers: Delivered at the Annual Meeting of the Midland Branch of the British Medical Association
Authors: W. A. Carline
Journal: BMJ (1898)

<h3>Objective.</h3> To assess the prevalence of reduced spine bone mineral apparent density (BMAD), and to identify the main predictors of reduced spine BMAD in a cross-sectional and longitudinal evaluation of the same large cohort of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). There are few prospective data on bone mass evaluation in a large number of patients with JIA, and with enthesitis-related arthritis onset. <h3>Methods.</h3> Two hundred nineteen patients with JIA (median age 8.7 yrs, range 6.1–13.1 yrs; 104 oligoarticular JIA, 61 polyarticular, 20 systemic, and 34 enthesitis-related arthritis onset) were retrospectively evaluated. A dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan at the lumbar spine was performed in all subjects. Of these, 89 consecutive patients were followed up randomly and longitudinally with a second and a third DEXA evaluation. The data obtained were compared with 80 age-matched and sex-matched healthy subjects. <h3>Results.</h3> At the first DEXA, patients with JIA showed a reduced spine BMAD standard deviation score (SDS) in comparison to controls (p &lt; 0.001). These results were confirmed when the subjects were divided into JIA subtypes (p &lt; 0.005) with the exception of enthesitis-related arthritis onset. Spine BMAD SDS significantly correlated with JIA onset type (p &lt; 0.01), age at JIA onset (p &lt; 0.005), and flares (p = 0.008). The longitudinal evaluation showed that spine BMAD SDS did not significantly improve at the followup in comparison to controls, in all subsets with JIA except for systemic onset (p &lt; 0.05). Spine BMAD correlated with sex (p &lt; 0.01), systemic corticosteroid exposure (p &lt; 0.01), the number of intraarticular corticosteroid injections (p &lt; 0.01), the interval from last steroid injection (p &lt; 0.05), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p &lt; 0.005), and C-reactive protein levels (p &lt; 0.005). <h3>Conclusion.</h3> Patients with JIA have a low bone mass and, after a first increase due to therapy, do not reach a healthy condition over time despite our current more effective drugs. These patients have a high risk of osteoporosis in early adulthood. To reduce the risk and improve the bone mass, close monitoring of bone mineral density, better control of disease activity, physical activity, and intake of calcium and vitamin D are recommended. In patients with osteoporosis, therapeutic approaches including bisphosphonates should be considered.
Observations on Treatment of Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: I. Murray
Journal: BMJ (1950)

a MEDICAL JOURNAL intervals for three years, or at least given the opportunity of visiting the clinic if they have any symptoms, severe flushing and minor genital lesions would be diagnosed and a correct dosage of stilboestrol established.By these simple measures most of the criticism levelled at radium could be met and further support given to it as a safe and effective agent in dealing with intractable bleeding at the menopause. SummarySevere or moderately severe flushing may persist for months or years in 50% of cases after the radium menopause (three times the normal incidence).Only 50%' of patients had interest in sex matters before treat- ment.Of the remainder every other case quickly became sexually anaesthetic after radium treatment.(No " controls" are available.)Premature senility of the lower genital tract may follow soon after radium-for example, 5 out of 72 had a tender inflamed introitus, and 11 out of 68 had " pre-vaginitis " (red spots).Responsibility for detection and treatment of the effects of radium rests with the gynaecologist rather than with the practitioner.
Dr Johnson's "peculiar pleasure"
Authors: W. Moore
Journal: BMJ (2009)

In an age of heroic surgery, and even more heroic patients, the literary genius Samuel Johnson deserved a medal of the highest order for his stoicism in the face of suffering.

His medical problems began at birth, exactly 300 years ago last month (18 September), when he barely survived a “very long and dangerous labour,” and ended 75 years later in an agonising death from heart failure, with almost continual episodes of ill health in between.

Having contracted scrofula, or tuberculosis of the lymph nodes, as an infant, little Sam was taken by his mother to receive the royal touch from Queen Anne. The folk remedy was …
Black-White Differences in Breast Cancer Outcomes Among Older Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Jeanne S. Mandelblatt, Vanessa B. Sheppard, Alfred I. Neugut
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Characterization of mutations in<i>ATP8B1</i>associated with hereditary cholestasis
Authors: Leo W. J. Klomp, Julie C. Vargas, Saskia W. C. van Mil, Ludmila Pawlikowska, Sandra S. Strautnieks, Michiel J. T. van Eijk, Jenneke A. Juijn, Carlos Pabón-Peña, Lauren B. Smith, Joseph A. DeYoung, Jane A. Byrne, Justijn Gombert, Gerda van der Brugge, Ruud Berger, Irena Jankowska, Joanna Pawlowska, Erica Villa, A. S. Knisely, Richard J. Thompson, Nelson B. Freimer, Roderick H. J. Houwen, Laura N. Bull
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) and benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis (BRIC) are clinically distinct hereditary disorders. PFIC patients suffer from chronic cholestasis and develop liver fibrosis. BRIC patients experience intermittent attacks of cholestasis that resolve spontaneously. Mutations in ATP8B1 (previously FIC1 ) may result in PFIC or BRIC. We report the genomic organization of ATP8B1 and mutation analyses of 180 families with PFIC or BRIC that identified 54 distinct disease mutations, including 10 mutations predicted to disrupt splicing, 6 nonsense mutations, 11 small insertion or deletion mutations predicted to induce frameshifts, 1 large genomic deletion, 2 small inframe deletions, and 24 missense mutations. Most mutations are rare, occurring in 1-3 families, or are limited to specific populations. Many patients are compound heterozygous for 2 mutations. Mutation type or location correlates overall with clinical severity: missense mutations are more common in BRIC (58% vs. 38% in PFIC), while nonsense, frameshifting, and large deletion mutations are more common in PFIC (41% vs. 16% in BRIC). Some mutations, however, lead to a wide range of phenotypes, from PFIC to BRIC or even no clinical disease. ATP8B1 mutations were detected in 30% and 41%, respectively, of the PFIC and BRIC patients screened. Supplementary material for this article can be found on the Hepatology website (http://interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0270-9139/suppmat/index.html) and at www.atp8b1-primers.nl (Hepatology 2004;40:27-38.)
Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus
Authors: Charles E. Wells
Journal: JAMA (1976)

To the Editor.—  In his excellent survey, Modern Concepts of Status Epilepticus (235:1571, 1976), Dr Celesia quite rightly emphasizes the frequent occurrence of nonconvulsive status epilepticus manifested by episodes of confusion and impairment of consciousness. These symptoms are indeed perhaps the most frequent manifestations of nonconvulsive status epilepticus, but several studies recently published in the psychiatric literature have called attention to brief psychotic episodes of varied manifestations resulting from nonconvulsive status. 1-3   These clinical reports have described the abrupt onset of psychotic episodes resembling depressive, schizophrenic, and hysterical psychoses and delirium caused by status epilepticus, most commonly associated with continuous diffuse epileptiform discharges. When the patient has a history of epilepsy, the diagnosis is easily suspected, but even in adults such a history may be lacking.  Four features should specifically suggest the diagnosis of psychosis due to nonconvulsive status epilepticus: (1) abrupt onset of psychosis in a patient heretofore regarded