tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of molar units for drugs and toxins?
Authors: D N Baron
Journal: BMJ (1986)

angina.I" Both studies were multicentre, randomised, and double blind.In the Veterans' Administration study of 1266 men buffered aspirin 325 mg daily was compared with placebo,' whereas in the Canadian study the 555 patients received aspirin 1300 mg daily, sulfinpyrazone 800 mg daily, or both, or neither.24Patients were entered into the trials by 51 hours and eight days after admission respectively.In the Veterans' study there was a 51% reduction in death or acute myocardial infarction in the active treatment group at 12 weeks.The Canadian study found an identical reduction in the aspirin treated groups compared with the others after 18 months' follow up; the absolute numbers in the groups receiving aspirin either alone or in combination were 17 cardiac deaths or non-fatal myocardial infarcts out of a total of276 patients compared with 36 events in 279 patients in the other groups.In both studies the patient groups were comparable and similar to those patients seen elsewhere; for example, the mortality for the untreated patients in the Veterans' study who were followed up for one year was 9 6%.In both studies withdrawals were few, and the incidence of side effects in the various groups was similar apart from the increased frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms in those taking aspirin in the Canadian study.So for our patients with unstable angina medical manage- ment remains appropriate; only those with persisting pain need be referred for angiography.For subsequ-ent treatment a credible maxim might be that a coated or buffered aspirin a day keeps the coronary at bay.
A piece of my mind. The visit
Authors: S. A. Hussain
Journal: JAMA (1990)

A young woman answered the door after what appeared to me to be a long wait. Her salt-and-pepper hair had been combed hurriedly, and her shawl was draped carelessly around her shoulders. "I would like to see the Professor," I answered her querying look. "Professor<i>Sahib</i>is not in a position to receive visitors," she said apologetically. "But I must. I have come a long distance to see him," I persisted. "May I ask who is calling?" "A former student of his, from America," I replied. I waited on the veranda while the woman walked to the back of the old bungalow. On this December morning a crisp, cool breeze blew under a warm sun. From the veranda I could see the clock tower of the imposing gothic building of Islamia College, Peshawar, Pakistan. On the campus road near the house several students wearing<i>sherwani</i>, the traditional black tunic of
Sleep Quality in Older Adults: Effects of Exercise Training and Influence of Sunlight Exposure-Reply
Authors: David M. Buchner
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —I agree with the comments of Drs O'Connor and Youngstedt to the extent that, as I noted in my Editorial, the physiological mechanisms for exercise-related improvements in sleep quality are unclear. The data presented in the article by King et al<sup>1</sup>do not rule out the possibility that sunlight exposure during exercise may be involved in exercise-related improvements in sleep. In the Editorial, I called for additional research to address issues such as this. However, I am not convinced by the evidence presented by O'Connor and Youngstedt that sunlight exposure can account for the observed improvements in sleep. Notably, they do not cite a single study that reports sleep quality in older community-living adults can be improved in older adults simply by spending more time outside during daylight hours. Also, they do not adequately discuss the issue of the dose of sunlight. Note that, of the 4 days per
Scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies of human intestinal mucosa
Authors: P. G. Toner, K. E. Carr, A. Ferguson, C. Mackay
Journal: Gut (1970)

The scanning electron microscope is capable of 25 mmu resolution combined with a great depth of focus, features which make the technique of value in the study of the intestinal mucosa. Surgical biopsies and postmortem specimens of small intestine have been examined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In biopsies, at low magnification, the villous pattern is seen while at higher magnification details of cell surfaces may be observed. Some features are best observed using scanning microscopy to examine dewaxed thick histological sections. In necropsy specimens villous architecture can still be satisfactorily assessed and details of the villous cores are seen, their collagen skeletons apparently less robust than the villi of the fresh biopsy. Scanning microscopy can extend the three-dimensional study of the small intestinal mucosa beyond the limits imposed by the resolution of the dissecting microscope.
Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain and the Occurrence of Falls in an Older Population
Authors: Suzanne G. Leveille
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Chronic pain is a major contributor to disability in older adults; however, the potential role of chronic pain as a risk factor for falls is poorly understood.To determine whether chronic musculoskeletal pain is associated with an increased occurrence of falls in a cohort of community-living older adults.The Maintenance of Balance, Independent Living, Intellect, and Zest in the Elderly (MOBILIZE) Boston Study is a population-based longitudinal study of falls involving 749 adults aged 70 years and older. Participants were enrolled from September 2005 through January 2008.Participants recorded falls on monthly calendar postcards mailed to the study center during an 18-month period.There were 1029 falls reported during the follow-up. A report of 2 or more locations of musculoskeletal pain at baseline was associated with greater occurrence of falls. The age-adjusted rates of falls per person-year were 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-1.23) for the 300 participants with 2 or more sites of joint pain, 0.90 (95% CI, 0.87-0.92) for the 181 participants with single-site pain, and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.74-0.81) for the 267 participants with no joint pain. Similarly, more severe or disabling pain at baseline was associated with higher fall rates (P < .05). The association persisted after adjusting for multiple confounders and fall risk factors. The greatest risk for falls was observed in persons who had 2 or more pain sites (adjusted rate ratio [RR], 1.53; 95% CI, 1.17-1.99), and those in the highest tertiles of pain severity (adjusted RR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.12-2.08) and pain interference with activities (adjusted RR, 1.53; 95%CI, 1.15-2.05), compared with their peers with no pain or those in the lowest tertiles of pain scores.Chronic pain measured according to number of locations, severity, or pain interference with daily activities was associated with greater risk of falls in older adults.
Bronchogenic carcinoma in Northern India.
Authors: S K Jindal, S K Malik, R Dhand, J S Gujral, A K Malik, B N Datta
Journal: Thorax (1982)

A study of 336 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma was carried out in Chandigarh, Northern India. The findings suggest that its epidemiology differs in several respects from that in Western countries. Almost a third of all patients and 94.4% of the 54 women had never smoked. The peak frequency of bronchogenic carcinoma occurred between the ages of 51 and 60 years, 14.6% of the patients being aged less than 41 years. Of the 232 smokers and ex-smokers, 48.3% had smoked only cigarettes, 28.4% only bidis (made of naturally cured tobacco), 19.8% both cigarettes and bidis, and 3.4% hukkas. There was a clear association between duration of smoking and frequency of carcinoma. Tumours were classified in 287 (85%) of the patients. Squamous-cell carcinoma was relatively more frequent (32.4%) than any other tumour type and occurred almost exclusively in smokers. Adenocarcinoma was found in 13.2% of patients and was the most frequent tumour in non-smokers. No differences of histological type were found between cigarette smokers and bidi smokers.
Importance of myocardial ischaemia for recruitment of coronary collateral circulation in dogs
Authors: K. Yamanishi, M. Fujita, A. Ohno, S. Sasayama
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1990)

Study objective – The aim of the study was to investigate collateral coronary flow and regional myocardial function following different coronary occlusion protocols. Design – Effects of brief left anterior descending artery (LAD) occlusions in dogs (using a pneumatic occluder around the proximal artery) on collateral circulation were evaluated using three different protocols, each producing the same period of pressure gradient across the collateral network: (1) 10 s occlusion × 30 at 1 min intervals; (2) 1 min occlusion × 5 at 1 min intervals; (3) 5 min occlusion × 1. Each protocol was followed by a 10 s occlusion after a further 1 min period. Subjects – 14 mongrel dogs of either sex were used, weight 10-21 kg. Measurements and main results – Left ventricular pressure, left circumflex coronary artery (LCCA) flow, and subendocardial segment shortening (%ΔL) in the area perfused by the LAD were monitored. Collateral blood flow from LCCA to LAD territory was measured as a stepwise decrease in LCCA flow on release of LAD occlusion. During the first 10 s of occlusion, %ΔL decreased from 23.6(SEM 2.2)% to 14.2(2.9)%. After protocol (1), %ΔL decreased from 23.1(2.2)% to 14.8(3.0)%. By contrast, after protocol (2) and (3) %ΔL decreased only slightly, from 22.7(2.6)% to 20.5(2.8)%, and from 22.4(2.4)% to 19.8(2.4)%, respectively. Although collateral blood flow remained unchanged after protocol (1), it increased from 1.6(0.4) ml·min−1during the first LAD occlusion to 3.0(0.7) ml·min−1(p<0.05) after protocol (2), and to 3.5(0.6) ml·min−1(p<0.05) after protocol 3. Haemodynamic measurements prior to each 10 s LAD test occlusion remained unchanged throughout the experiment. Conclusions – The pressure gradient across the collateral network cannot dilate pre-existing collateral vessels by itself, but ischaemia related metabolites may play an important role in the recruitment of collateral circulation.
The Fate of a Patient with So-Called Mild Coronary
Authors: William Likoff
Journal: JAMA (1961)

RECENT surveys suggest that the prognosis following recovery from a myocardial infarction may be more favorable than was suspected initially. Survival studies indicate that the greatest loss occurs in the first year, and that it may be 5 times greater than the mortality rate in the succeeding 4 years, and grossly equivalent to that encountered over a 9-year period.<sup>1-3</sup>A compilation of these experiences discloses that as many as 70% of patients may survive for at least 5 years, and 40% for 10 years (figure). As this statistical picture evolved, the term "mild coronary" came into common usage. Conventionally, it refers to an initial infarction which produces limited clinical signs, and is not complicated by severe shock, serious arrhythmias, or congestive heart failure. The electrocardiographic abnormalities generally are representative of limited tissue necrosis, and often resolve or become quite minimal at the conclusion of the acute illness.
Cyanide and uncoupling protein function
Authors: E. Rial
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2008)

Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are mitochondrial transporters that lower the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation. The molecular mechanism of transport of the UCPs is not established, but their activity leads to a regulated dissipation of the mitochondrial proton gradient. The result of the increase in proton conductance will be a higher rate of respiration and generation of heat.

Uncoupling …
Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and levels of thyroid hormones in children.
Authors: N Osius, W Karmaus, H Kruse, J Witten
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1999)

As part of an epidemiologic study on exposure to a toxic waste incineration plant we investigated whether blood concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), lead, and cadmium, as well as concentration of mercury in 24-hr urine samples were associated with thyroid hormone status. As an indication of status, we determined levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT(4)), and free triiodothyronine (FT(3)) in children living in households where [less than/equal to] 10 cigarettes were smoked per day. Eight PCB congeners (PCBs 101, 118, 138, 153, 170, 180, 183, and 187) were measured in whole blood samples. Of these, seven congeners (PCB 101 was not detected in any sample) and the sum of all PCB congeners were analyzed as predictors for thyroid hormone status in separate linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders. In addition, the possible effects of cadmium, lead, and mercury on levels of thyroid hormones were examined. Blood concentrations and information on questionnaire data were available for 320 children 7-10 years of age. We found a statistically significant positive association between the mono-ortho congener PCB 118 and TSH as well as statistically significant negative relationships of PCBs 138, 153, 180, 183, and 187 to FT(3). There was no association for the PCB congeners and FT(4). Blood cadmium concentration was associated with increasing TSH and diminishing FT(4). Blood lead and urine concentration of mercury were of no importance to thyroid hormone levels. The results stress the need for future studies on the possible influences of PCB and cadmium exposure on thyroid hormones, particularly in children. These studies should also take neurologic development into account.
Jane Margaret Blunt Gray
Authors: J. B. McGuinness
Journal: BMJ (2014)

After a short period of general practice with her husband, Dickson, Jane Margaret Blunt Gray opted for hospital practice. She spent some time in cytology but missed contact with patients and joined the medical division of Glasgow Royal Infirmary as a research fellow.

Three years later she joined Professor David Lawson’s department of clinical pharmacology, where she spent more than 20 years as his principal research assistant.

Towards the end of this period, an anticonvulsant clinic was set up, and she played a major part in this, becoming expert in the investigation and management of patients. In 1985 Jane’s husband died suddenly, leaving her …
VASCULAR COMPLICATIONS IN TRANS-FEMORAL TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE IMPLANTATION HAVE LITTLE IMPACT ON MORTALITY AND PROGNOSIS
Authors: Eran Leshem-Rubinow, Arie Steinvil, Yigal Abramowitz, Eyal Ben- Assa, amir halkin, Gad Keren, Shmuel Banai, Ariel Finkelstein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Contraception by female sterilisation.
Authors: A F Wright
Journal: BMJ (1980)

As sterilization is viewed as a statistically significant contraceptive choice, any associated or resultant morbidity is important. The author notes that of 368 sterilized patients followed up, 42% considered menstruation worse; 13% found it improved. Most complained of heavier periods with less regularity. Of patients interviewed prior to sterilization, 101 (27.4%) reported menstrual problems and when this result was compared to controls who had not taken oral contraceptives, 46% of the sterilized patients as compared to 20% of their matches complained of current menstrual problems. There is need for ongoing assessment of the effects of sterilization on menstrual function to determine whether this poststerilization syndrome does exist.
Differential requirement for DOCK2 in migration of plasmacytoid dendritic cells versus myeloid dendritic cells
Authors: Kazuhito Gotoh, Yoshihiko Tanaka, Akihiko Nishikimi, Ayumi Inayoshi, Munechika Enjoji, Ryoichi Takayanagi, Takehiko Sasazuki, Yoshinori Fukui
Journal: Blood (2008)
Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver, CREST syndrome and primary biliary cirrhosis: an overlap syndrome?
Authors: R F McMahon, C Babbs, T W Warnes
Journal: Gut (1989)

Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver (NRHL) has been found in association with collagen vascular diseases, after drug therapy, with autoimmune disease, and with a variety of haematological disorders. The association of NRHL with the syndrome of Calcinosis cutis, Raynaud9s phenomenon, oesophageal dysfunction, sclerodactyly and telangiectasia (CREST syndrome) has only been reported on two previous occasions. The liver disease usually associated with CREST syndrome is primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and recently nodular hyperplasia of the liver has been reported in patients with early stage PBC. We present a case of NRHL with CREST syndrome and serological and biochemical features of PBC, a newly recognised overlap syndrome.
Effects of Combined Antigrowth Factor Receptor Treatment on In Vitro Growth of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: R. Taetle, B. D. Santos, Y. Ohsugi, Y. Koihihara, Y. Yamada, H. Messner, W. Dalton
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1994)

Background: Although passive serotherapy for cancer with monoclonal antibodies is an attractive concept, it has unfortunately had limited efficacy in clinical trials. An alternative approach to passive serotherapy is targeting cell surface growth factor receptors with monoclonal antibodies. With some limitations, anti-growth factor receptor antibodies can limit cell growth by blocking stimulatory or trophic growth factor receptors and by marshaling in vivo antitumor immune responses. Purpose: The purpose of our study was to determine the extent to which anti-interleukin-6 (IL-6) and anti-transferrin (Tf) receptor antibodies, when used individually or combined, could limit myeloma cell growth. Methods: The four myeloma cell lines studied varied in IL-6 responses from factor independence (myeloma cell lines 8226 and U266) to strict factor dependence (OCI-My4 myeloma cells and human acute myelogenous leukemia [AML] cell line UCSD/AML1). IL-6 RNA was detected using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. IL-6 protein was detected in U266 supernatant by growth stimulation of UCSD/AML1 cells and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For cell growth assays, cell lines were plated with various concentrations of IL-6 and anti-receptor antibodies and [ 3 H]thymidine uptake determined after 3 days. Cells were grown in varying concentrations of IgG1 monoclonal anti-Tf receptor antibodies E2.3 and A27.15 or antibodies PM1,AUK 146-15, AUK 64-7, or AUK 12-20 to the human IL-6 receptor-α protein. Tf and IL-6 receptors were detected by immuno-fluorescence staining. Results: Using short-term proliferation assays, anti-Tf receptors and anti-IL-6 antibodies caused dose-dependent growth inhibition of varying degrees, and, in one of three cell lines, a combination of anti-Tf and anti-IL-6 antibodies showed supra-additive growth inhibition. IL-6-independent cells were inhibited by anti-Tf receptor antibodies, while IL-6-dependent cells were resistant to these antibodies but sensitive to anti-IL-6 receptor. Factor-dependent myeloma cells exposed to either anti-Tf or anti-IL-6 receptor antibodies for 48 hours lost colony-forming capability. A combination of anti-Tf and anti-IL-6 antibodies increased elimination of colony-forming cells at 24 hours. Conclusions: Anti-receptor antibodies have distinct patterns of myeloma cell growth inhibition and inhibit in vitro growth of factor-dependent myeloma cells. Combinations of anti-growth factor receptor antibodies also increase toxicity for IL-6-dependent myeloma colony-forming units. [J Natl Cancer Inst 86:450–455, 1994]
Smoking prevention/cessation drive can parallel continuing tobacco-effects research, NCI says
Authors: R. Ross
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Systematic Review: Reliability of Compendia Methods for Off-Label Oncology Indications
Authors: Amy P. Abernethy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2009)

Background: The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services limit coverage of cancer drugs for off-label indications to indications listed in specified compendia. Purpose: To assess whether compendia provide comprehensive, research-based, and timely information for off-label prescribing in oncology. Data Sources: 6 drug compendia, English-language literature searches of MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from 2006 and 2008, and American Society of Clinical Oncology annual meeting abstracts from 2004 to 2007. Data Assessment: The compendia's stated methods, literature related to off-label indications of 14 cancer drugs in 2006, updated literature related to 1 off-label indication between 2006 and 2008, and completeness of compendia content and citations were assessed. Data Synthesis: The compendia's stated methods varied greatly from their actual practices. Compendia cited little of the available evidence, often neither the most recent nor that of highest methodological quality. Compendia differed in evidence cited, terminology, detail, presentation, and referencing. For the 14 off-label indications studied, the compendia differed in the indications included and whether and how they recommended particular agents for particular types of cancer. Update schedules varied, and documentation practices made it difficult to determine whether and when compendia content was updated. For 1 indication, compendia citations did not increase between 2006 and 2008 despite newly published articles. Limitations: The 2006 analysis was limited to 14 off-label indications; the 2008 update examined 1 indication. Only off-label indications for cancer drugs were included, and results cannot be generalized to noncancer drugs or indications. Conclusion: Oncologists rely on compendia for up-to-date access to evidence and reimbursement information for off-label indications. Current compendia lack transparency, cite little current evidence, and lack systematic methods to review or update evidence.
Oral treatment of ichthyosis by the cytochrome P-450 inhibitor liarozole
Authors: G.P.H. LUCKER, A.M.C. HEREMANS, P.J. BOEGHEIM, P.C.M. VAN DE KERKHOF, P.M. STEIJLIN
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Liarozole, a novel imidazole derivative, inhibits the cytochrome P450‐dependent 4‐hydroxylation of retinoic acid. resulting in increased tissue levels of retinoic acid. Twelsve male patients with ichthyosis were given oral liarozole. 150mg twice daily. in an open study for 12 weeks. Immunohistochemical parameters of inflammation, epidermal proliferation and differentiation were assessed before and after treatment. Extent and severity of the skin lesions was markedly reduced in all prtients. Clinical side‐effects were reminiscent of those with synthetic retinoids. No relevant changes were found in the haematological. urinary and biochemical parameters. Immunohistochemical assessment showed a statistically significant induction of keratin 4 after liarozole treatment in 10 of 12 patients. In two of these patients keratin 13 was induced. This open study showed that oral liarozole treatment was efficacious and well tolerated in the treatment of different types of ichthyosis. The immunohisotchemical results suggest a retinoid mechanism as the mode of action.