tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Profiles of Antinuclear Antibodies in Systemic Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: D. D. NOTMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

The prevalence of different antinuclear antibodies was examined in systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, progressive systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, discoid lupus erythematosus, and mixed connective tissue disease. Antibody to Sm antigen (a nuclear acidic protein) was found almost exclusively in serums of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, suggesting that this antibody might be a "marker" antibody for this disease. However, antibodies to native DNA and to nuclear ribonucleoprotein were found in a variety of systemic rheumatic diseases. In systemic lupus erythematosus, antibody to native DNA was present in high titer but in other rheumatic diseases in low titer. Antibody to nuclear ribonucleoprotein occurred in certain other systemic rheumatic diseases besides the mixed connective tissue disease syndrome. These studies showed that there were distinct profiles of antinuclear antibodies in certain systemic rheumatic diseases, characterized by the presence or absence of certain antibodies and by differences in their mean titers.
Comparative clinical and electrophysiologic effects of adenosine triphosphate and verapamil on paroxysmal reciprocating junctional tachycardia.
Authors: B Belhassen, A Glick, S Laniado
Journal: Circulation (1988)

The efficacy, electrophysiologic effects, and side effects of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and verapamil in the short-term management of paroxysmal reciprocating junctional tachycardia (PRJT) were compared in 20 patients. All patients had inducible sustained PRJT during control electrophysiologic study. Fourteen patients had PRJT involving a retrograde accessory pathway, and six patients had atrioventricular (AV) nodal reentrant tachycardia ("slow-fast" type). ATP, which has a very short half-life, was first administered (10 mg iv over 1 sec) during sustained PRJT. If PRJT did not terminate within 2 min, a bolus of 20 mg ATP was given. Verapamil (5 mg iv over 15 sec) was subsequently administered during sustained PRJT, and if the latter did not terminate within 3 min another bolus of 5 mg verapamil was given. The cycle lengths of PRJT before administration of 10 or 20 mg ATP and 5 mg verapamil were similar. The 10 mg dose of ATP terminated PRJT in 17 of the 20 patients, and 20 mg ATP was required to terminate PRJT in the three remaining patients. The 5 mg dose of verapamil terminated PRJT in 15 patients, whereas an additional bolus of 5 mg terminated PRJT in one of the remaining five patients. The overall efficacy of ATP (20/20, 100%) was significantly greater than that of verapamil (16/20, 80%) (p less than .05); however, there was no significant difference between the conversion rate of PRJT after administration of 10 mg ATP (17/20) and 5 mg verapamil (15/20). ATP terminated PRJT more quickly than verapamil (mean 24 sec vs mean 51 sec; p less than .01). Termination of PRJT by either ATP or verapamil was mainly related to a block in the AV node in patients with accessory pathways and to a block in the antegrade slow pathway in patients with AV nodal reentry. Cycle length alternans before termination of tachycardia was observed more frequently after verapamil than after ATP (7/16 vs 1/20; p less than .01). The total incidence of transient second-degree AV nodal block and various cardiac supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias was higher after termination of PRJT by ATP than after verapamil (17/20 vs 5/16; p less than .001). A higher incidence of transient but frequently uncomfortable noncardiac side effects was observed after ATP. We conclude that ATP (10 to 20 mg) is more effective and more rapid than verapamil (5 or 5 + 5 mg) in terminating PRJT but results in a higher incidence of cardiac and noncardiac side effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Laxatives for chronic constipation in adults
Authors: A. C. Ford, N. J. Talley
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A 25 year old woman attends her general practitioner with a six month history of constipation. Despite having increased her daily intake of fibre and water, she is still only passing two stools a week. Her general practitioner excludes red flag features (box) and finds no abnormality on examination, apart from a loaded rectum. He suggests she try using laxatives to increase her stool frequency, but she is reluctant as she has heard they are not very effective and can have adverse effects.

#### Red flag features in chronic constipation12

Laxatives are foods or drugs that, when ingested, act directly on the gut (or gut contents) to increase stool frequency or ease stool passage. They differ from motility agents such as prucalopride, which exert a promotility effect after systemic absorption. Laxatives are used to treat chronic constipation, usually defined as the presence of difficult or infrequent passage of stool, often accompanied by straining or a sensation of incomplete evacuation, with symptoms present for more than three months.

Chronic constipation is common in the general population. A recent meta-analysis of population based observational studies reported a pooled prevalence of 14% worldwide, with a significantly higher prevalence in women and people of lower socioeconomic status.3 However, symptoms often fluctuate, and recent community data suggest that persistent symptoms over 10 to 20 years affect only 3% of the population.4 Population based studies also show that constipation affects quality of life, is associated with several comorbidities (including haemorrhoids and anal fissure),5 and may be associated with a modest reduction in survival.6

Laxatives may act by several mechanisms, including bulking the stool volume, softening the stool consistency, increasing the stool volume …
Patient report that benefit from common operations varies markedly by English providers
Authors: N. Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A wide variation occurs in the benefits reported by patients for four procedures covered by patient reported outcome data—hip and knee replacements, groin hernia surgery, and varicose vein surgery—depending on where in England the surgery was done, show results from the second year the data have been collected.1

The results of the Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) for 2010-11 are published by the Health and Social Care Information Centre. They show, for example, that while 80.4% of patients having a hip replacement at Barking, Havering, and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS trust in Essex showed a benefit when measured by the EQ-5D scoring system, at Shepton Mallet NHS Treatment Centre in Somerset 96.4% did so. The national average was 86.9%.

The “average adjusted health gain” measured by EQ-5D for hip replacements was 0.264 at Barking, and 0.494 at Shepton Mallet, against a …
Tetanus in Nigeria
Authors: D. D. Johnstone
Journal: BMJ (1958)

MMICAL JOURNALother side-effect encountered was tinnitus in one patient; this and other aural disturbances have been described as rare complications of other amino-uracil derivatives.No toxic effects were observed following the use of amiso- metradine.In the American reports quoted, skin reactions were rare, and leucopenia was described in one case.The diuresis produced by aminometradine is accompanied by excretion of sodium and chloride in approximately equal amounts, with a small increase in potassium loss (Platts and Hanley, 1956).A similar loss of electrolytes accompanied by diuresis follows the administration of amisometradine to dogs (Van Arman et al., 1957), and this is presumed to occur in man.The precise mode of action on the kidney is not yet known. SummaryThe effect of amisometradine (rolicton), a new oral diuretic, has been tested in 20 patients with heart failure.In doses of 400 mg.three times daily over a period of two consecutive days it was found to have 40% of the diuretic potency of 2 ml. of mersalyl intramuscularly.The drug was relatively free from side-effects, in respect of both gastro-intestinal tolerance and toxic reactions.
Polymers containing enzymatically degradable bonds, XII. Effect of spacer structure on the rate of release of daunomycin and adriamycin from poly [N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-methacrylamide] copolymer drag carriers in vitro and antitumour activity measured in vivo
Authors: V. Subr, J. Strohalm, K. Ulbrich, R. Duncan, I.C. Hume
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1992)
Splenic Metastasis From Colon Carcinoma Imaged Using ln-111 OncoScint
Authors: PETER C. PIESLOR, CHRISTINE A. WHITE, ROBERT R. VARNEY
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1995)

The ln-111 OncoScint scan appearance of splenic metastasis from colon cancer is not well described. A case is presented in which a splenic metastasis had decreased tracer uptake on in-111 OncoScint imaging corelating with a new abnormality on a restaging CT scan. In addition, the ln-111 OncoScint scan revealed metastatic disease elsewhere in the abdomen which was not detected by CT. This added information was useful to the patient and her family who reversed their initial request for splenectomy.
Awaiting the Ideal Metal Biliary Stent
Authors: S. Mosca
Journal: Endoscopy (2002)

Biliary metal stents have been available for a decade but are infrequently used due to a lack of strong indications and their high cost. Papers are few, and the experience of all biliopancreatic teams is less than with the plastic stent; thus a paper like that of Ferlitsch et al. is welcome [1]. The paper describes a prospective uncontrolled multicenter experience regarding the insertion of 134 Diamond biliary stents (Boston Scientific, Natick Massachusetts, USA), the largest series reported so far. When the metal biliary stent became available a decade ago, we greeted it with great enthusiasm, but since then it has not achieved the status of ideal stent and clinicians continue to seek the perfect biliary stent [2]. I have read the paper by Ferlitsch et al. with great interest, and I wish to discuss some points.
Asymmetric Shorter-duplex siRNA Structures Trigger Efficient Gene Silencing With Reduced Nonspecific Effects
Authors: Chan Il Chang, Jae Wook Yoo, Sun Woo Hong, Shi Eun Lee, Hye Suk Kang, Xiangao Sun, Harry A Rogoff, Changill Ban, Soyoun Kim, Chiang J Li, Dong-ki Lee
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2009)

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are short, double-stranded RNAs that mediate efficient gene silencing in a sequence-specific manner by utilizing the endogenous RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. The current standard synthetic siRNA structure harbors a 19–base-pair duplex region with 3′ overhangs of 2 nucleotides (the so-called 19+2 form). However, the synthetic 19+2 siRNA structure exhibits several sequence-independent, nonspecific effects, which has posed challenges to the development of RNAi therapeutics and specific silencing of genes in research. In this study, we report on the identification of truncated siRNA backbone structures with duplex regions shorter than 19 bp (referred to as asymmetric shorter-duplex siRNAs or asiRNAs) that can efficiently trigger gene silencing in human cell lines. Importantly, this asiRNA structure significantly reduces nonspecific effects triggered by conventional 19+2 siRNA scaffold, such as sense-strand–mediated off-target gene silencing and saturation of the cellular RNAi machinery. Our results suggest that this asiRNA structure is an important alternative to conventional siRNAs for both functional genomics studies and therapeutic applications. Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are short, double-stranded RNAs that mediate efficient gene silencing in a sequence-specific manner by utilizing the endogenous RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. The current standard synthetic siRNA structure harbors a 19–base-pair duplex region with 3′ overhangs of 2 nucleotides (the so-called 19+2 form). However, the synthetic 19+2 siRNA structure exhibits several sequence-independent, nonspecific effects, which has posed challenges to the development of RNAi therapeutics and specific silencing of genes in research. In this study, we report on the identification of truncated siRNA backbone structures with duplex regions shorter than 19 bp (referred to as asymmetric shorter-duplex siRNAs or asiRNAs) that can efficiently trigger gene silencing in human cell lines. Importantly, this asiRNA structure significantly reduces nonspecific effects triggered by conventional 19+2 siRNA scaffold, such as sense-strand–mediated off-target gene silencing and saturation of the cellular RNAi machinery. Our results suggest that this asiRNA structure is an important alternative to conventional siRNAs for both functional genomics studies and therapeutic applications.
Parental Involvement in the Decision to Treat Spina Bifida Cystica
Authors: H. L. Ellis
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Twenty couples whose newborn baby had an open myelomeningocoele were given a detailed account of the baby9s clinical state and likely future by the paediatrician. They each said how they wanted their child treated. I believe a high percentage of parents would like to be involved in the decision on how to treat their spina bifida baby. When parents are given all the facts (including an interpretation of the clinical assessment) by an experienced doctor—and who better for the job than the paediatrician—then the chances of reaching the right decision for child and family which that joint consultation offers are greater than when the doctor has to act as adviser and sole adjudicator.
GW25-e2336 Does alpha-1 blocker provide additional therapeutic benefits in multifactor acute heart failure patients? -a multi-center randomized and parallel-control trial between urapidil and nitroglycerin in Chinese elderly patients with DM and hypertension
Authors: Yang Wei, Yujie zhou, Yan Fu, None Jianqin, None Shutan, Xiaomin chen, Jincheng guo, Dezhao wang, Hong Zhan, Wei Guan, Yawei xu, Jingyu he, Jing Li, Hua Qi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Hypothermic hyperkalemic cardioplegic arrest causes a prolonged increase in intracellular free calcium and is associated with myocyte contractile dysfunction following reperfusion
Authors: Robert B. Hinton, Latha Hebbar, Jennifer D. Walker, Rupak Mukherjee, B.Hugh Dorman, Raymond C. Roy, Fred A. Crawford, Francis G. Spinale
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Schizophrenia in Siblings Reared Apart: A Case Report
Authors: IRA D. GLICK, HOWARD SETLEIS, MARGARET G. WOERNER, MAX POLLACK
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

A brother and sister reared apart from birth developed schizophrenic symptoms at 17, were hospitalized at 22, and diagnosed as schizophrenic reaction, paranoid type. Their developmental and psychiatric histories and physical and psychological examinations are presented. Marked similarities in development, personality, and intelligence were found. The relation of these findings to etiological theories of schizophrenia is discussed.
Morphological changes in eosinophils are reliable markers of the severity of an acute asthma exacerbation in children
Authors: M. I. Muniz‐Junqueira, S. M. Barbosa‐Marques, L. F. Junqueira
Journal: Allergy (2013)

Abstract Background Early identification of the severity of asthma exacerbation would be helpful for the management of patients. We aimed to evaluate the correlation of morphological change in activated eosinophils and the severity of an asthma exacerbation. Methods Blood was collected from 55 asthmatic children: 40 of whom were having an exacerbation, 15 symptom‐free, and 15 healthy controls. The percentage of eosinophils with morphological changes (emission of single or multiple pseudopods, presence of cytoplasmic vacuoles, releasing a small, moderate, or large quantity of granules, spreading, eosinophil death, and presence of cluster of free eosinophil granules) was quantified after the adherence to a slide and compared using the Mann–Whitney test. The correlation between the severity of the asthma exacerbation and the percentage changed eosinophils was tested with Spearman's correlation. Results The proportion of activated eosinophils was higher in asthmatic symptom‐free children than in the control group, and acute asthma exacerbation produced an additional increase in eosinophil activation ( P &lt; 0.01). More significantly increased morphological changes were emissions of multiple pseudopods, presence of cytoplasmic vacuoles, spreading, and presence of a cluster of free eosinophil granules ( P &lt; 0.001). The following were correlated with the severity of an asthma exacerbation: ≥14% of eosinophils emitting single pseudopod, 8% emitting multiple pseudopods, 17% with vacuoles, 28% eosinophils releasing a large quantity of granules, and 66% of spread eosinophils. Conclusions Quantifying the morphological changes in eosinophils is a feasible, easy, and reliable manner to identify the severity of an asthma exacerbation and therefore might improve the clinical management of asthmatic children.
Health versus personality in Australian politics
Authors: S. Chapman
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Australian Prime Minister Paul Keating has called a national election for 2 March. For many months Keating and his Labor government have lagged badly in the opinion polls behind John Howard's conservative Liberal-National opposition on every scale except strong leadership. Nevertheless, most expect the gormless “Honest John” Howard to win, riding home on the sentiment of the slogan borrowed from Margaret Thatcher's 1979 “enough is enough” campaign and his comforting “back to the future” 1950s persona.

Labor has been in power since 1984, and while many indicators (jobs created, unemployment, economic growth, public debt) have sparkled, much of middle Australia detests Keating's swaggering style and is suspicious of his embrace of Asia and of what they consider the ephemera …
The effect of polystyrene beads on cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate concentration in leukocytes
Authors: Vincent Manganiello, Warren H. Evans, Thomas P. Stossel, Robert J. Mason, Martha Vaughan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

After incubation with polystyrene latex beads for 5 min. the cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) content of human peripheral blood leukocyte suspensions was increased severalfold. Preparations enriched in mononuclear cells and containing only 0-20% polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and no visible platelets exhibited a quantitatively similar response. Purified fractions of cells containing 85-90% PMN responded to polystyrene beads with a much smaller increase in cyclic AMP content. Phagocytosis of paraffin oil emulsion in the unfractionated mixed human leukocyte preparation was associated with little or no change in cyclic AMP levels. There was no change in cyclic AMP content of rabbit alveolar macrophages or guinea pig PMN during phagocytosis of polystyrene beads. All of these observations are consistent with the view that particle uptake per se does not increase cyclic AMP levels in phagocytic cells. It seems probable that the increase in cyclic AMP concentration that results when unfractionated human blood leukocytes are incubated with polystyrene beads occurs in cells other than PMN.
Perirhinal cortex: Lost in space?
Authors: David K. Bilkey
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1999)

Aggleton &amp; Brown argue that the function of the hippocampus and perirhinal cortex can be dissociated along a spatial/nonspatial dimension. They further suggest that this division corresponds to a distinction between episodic and recognition memory. An analysis of the data, however, fails to support the underlying dissociation.
Nudge or fudge? Doctors debate best approach to improve public health
Authors: J. Wise
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Nudging the general population into healthier lifestyles does have a role to play but should not be the sole approach that the government uses to tackle health inequalities, public health and social care experts agreed.

Nudge or fudge—can a gentle push really tackle health inequalities? was the issue debated at the inaugural meeting of the Health Equalities Alliance, a cross-sector group of organisations collaborating to improve health inequalities in the UK. The alliance was launched at the annual conference of the Royal Society for Public Health in September 2010 to build on the proposals of Sir Michael Marmot’s review Fair Society, Healthy Lives published in February last year.

The UK government’s preferred strategy for promoting public health is to persuade, or nudge, individuals into …
Photodynamic Therapy for Actinic Keratoses
Authors: Harvey Lui
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2014)

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Distinct mutations in STXBP2 are associated with variable clinical presentations in patients with familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis type 5 (FHL5)
Authors: Julia Pagel, Karin Beutel, Kai Lehmberg, Florian Koch, Andrea Maul-Pavicic, Anna-Katharina Rohlfs, Abdullah Al-Jefri, Rita Beier, Lilian Bomme Ousager, Karoline Ehlert, Ute Gross-Wieltsch, Norbert Jorch, Bernhard Kremens, Arnulf Pekrun, Monika Sparber-Sauer, Ester Mejstrikova, Angela Wawer, Stephan Ehl, Udo zur Stadt, Gritta Janka
Journal: Blood (2012)
Translocator protein (18 kDa) (TSPO) as a therapeutic target for neurological and psychiatric disorders
Authors: Rainer Rupprecht, Vassilios Papadopoulos, Gerhard Rammes, Thomas C. Baghai, Jinjiang Fan, Nagaraju Akula, Ghislaine Groyer, David Adams, Michael Schumacher
Journal: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery (2010)