tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Insulin Resistance, Dyslipidemia, and Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Zachary T. Bloomgarden
Journal: Diabetes Care (2007)

Perspectives on the News commentaries are now part of a new, free monthly CME activity. The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, is designating this activity for 2.0 AMA PRA Category 1 credits. If you wish to participate, review this article and visit www.diabetes.procampus.net to complete a posttest and receive a certificate. The Mount Sinai School of Medicine is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians. 

This is the fourth in a series of four articles on presentations at the World Congress on the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS), reviewing aspects of insulin resistance pertaining to dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease.

### Insulin resistance and dyslipidemia

Ronald Krauss (San Francisco, CA) gave insights in the genetics of the more common forms of IRS based on the understanding of the complex topic of dyslipidemia. There is an intimate relationship between diet and dyslipidemia, and dietary manipulations may be used to understand the mechanisms of these abnormalities. LDL particles exist in multiple subclasses, differing in size, density, and lipid content. Large and medium LDL comprise the most abundant species in plasma of the most healthy individuals, but there are two forms of small LDL, exhibiting reduced receptor binding, greater endothelial transport, greater arterial proteoglycan binding, and greater susceptibility to oxidation.

Small LDL is associated with elevations in triglyceride levels. Traditional models describe a pathway from VLDL formation in the liver to formation of IDL and then of LDL particles via lipolysis. Actually, there is heterogeneity in size subspecies of VLDL and IDL (1). With low levels of triglyceride transport from the liver, triglyceride-poor particles are exported as IDL, with lipolysis by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) to form LDL1. Under more typical circumstances of triglyceride formation, VLDL2 is formed. These VLDL particles are substrates for LPL, producing LDL2, …
A brachiocephalic vascular syndrome associated with cervical rib.
Authors: J. C. De Villiers
Journal: BMJ (1966)

Encephalopathy in Children-Becroft kftMBauJOURNAL the possibility of toxins in apparently innocuous foods and medicines.2. Further toxicological investigations, including analysis for fungal products, and examination of the urine for the fluorescent material described by Curry et al. (1962).3. Further viral studies by all available techniques. 4. Chemical analysis of the liver and serum lipids, including estimations of serum lipoproteins.5. Studies on liver enzymes, particularly those concerned with carbohydrate metabolism, preferably on biopsy rather than necropsy material.6. Estimations during the acute stage of serum levels of adrenal corticoids, insulin, and growth hormone.systemic infection by herpes simplex virus.Viral studies in other patients have been negative.The aetiology is unknown but the effect of a hepatotoxin is thought to be most likely.Suggestions made for the investigation of future cases include the examination of apparently innocuous foods for hepatotoxins of fungal origin.
Bronchial Challenge with Serotonin in Asthmatics
Authors: P. Tønnesen
Journal: Allergy (1985)

Bronochial challenge with serotonin creatinine in phosphate buffer was performed in 20 stable asthmatics. In contrast to some earlier studies we observed no changes in FEV 1 or FVC 0 and 2 min after provocation with increasing conecntrations of serotonin (maximal conecntration 20 mg/ml). In the first eight patients the PC 20 histamine was 0.125–0.65 mg/ml, performed on a separate day. In three other asthmatics serotonin chloride 20 mg/ml did not affect lung function or produce any subjective symptoms. Serotonin can not be used to evaluate non‐specific bronchial hyperreactivity in asthmatics.
Hyperlipidemia and cutaneous abnormalities in transgenic mice overexpressing human apolipoprotein C1.
Authors: M C Jong, M J Gijbels, V E Dahlmans, P J Gorp, S J Koopman, M Ponec, M H Hofker, L M Havekes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1998)

Transgenic mice were generated with different levels of human apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) expression in liver and skin. At 2 mo of age, serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and FFA were strongly elevated in APOC1 transgenic mice compared with wild-type mice. These elevated levels of serum cholesterol and TG were due mainly to an accumulation of VLDL particles in the circulation. In addition to hyperlipidemia, APOC1 transgenic mice developed dry and scaly skin with loss of hair, dependent on the amount of APOC1 expression in the skin. Since these skin abnormalities appeared in two independent founder lines, a mutation related to the specific insertion site of the human APOC1 gene as the cause for the phenotype can be excluded. Histopathological analysis of high expressor APOC1 transgenic mice revealed a disorder of the skin consisting of epidermal hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis, and atrophic sebaceous glands lacking sebum. In line with these results, epidermal lipid analysis showed that the relative amounts of the sebum components TG and wax diesters in the epidermis of high expressor APOC1 transgenic mice were reduced by 60 and 45%, respectively. In addition to atrophic sebaceous glands, the meibomian glands were also found to be severely atrophic in APOC1 transgenic mice. High expressor APOC1 transgenic mice also exhibited diminished abdominal adipose tissue stores (a 60% decrease compared with wild-type mice) and a complete deficiency of subcutaneous fat. These results indicate that, in addition to the previously reported inhibitory role of apoC1 on hepatic remnant uptake, overexpression of apoC1 affects lipid synthesis in the sebaceous gland and/or epidermis as well as adipose tissue formation. These APOC1 transgenic mice may serve as an interesting in vivo model for the investigation of lipid homeostasis in the skin.
Treatment of Fractures and Dislocations
Authors: Edwin F. Cave, Carter R. Rowe, Donald P. Todd
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

THE last report on progress in management of fractures and dislocations that appeared in the Journal was written by Dr. G. W. Van Gorder in 1939.1 He discussed the notable advances in this branch of surgery made since World War I. Several of the methods of treatment he mentioned have stood the test of time and can still be discussed under "Progress in Fracture Treatment," particularly Russell's traction for femoral-shaft fractures and the phalanged nail of Smith-Petersen for fractures of the femoral neck. To these must be added the improvement and standardization of metals for internal fixation; the intramedullary rod . . .
How predictive quantitative modelling of tissue organisation can inform liver disease pathogenesis
Authors: Dirk Drasdo, Stefan Hoehme, Jan G. Hengstler
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)

From the more than 100 liver diseases described, many of those with high incidence rates manifest themselves by histopathological changes, such as hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, fatty liver disease, fibrosis, and, in its later stages, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, primary biliary cirrhosis and other disorders. Studies of disease pathogeneses are largely based on integrating -omics data pooled from cells at different locations with spatial information from stained liver structures in animal models. Even though this has led to significant insights, the complexity of interactions as well as the involvement of processes at many different time and length scales constrains the possibility to condense disease processes in illustrations, schemes and tables. The combination of modern imaging modalities with image processing and analysis, and mathematical models opens up a promising new approach towards a quantitative understanding of pathologies and of disease processes. This strategy is discussed for two examples, ammonia metabolism after drug-induced acute liver damage, and the recovery of liver mass as well as architecture during the subsequent regeneration process. This interdisciplinary approach permits integration of biological mechanisms and models of processes contributing to disease progression at various scales into mathematical models. These can be used to perform in silico simulations to promote unravelling the relation between architecture and function as below illustrated for liver regeneration, and bridging from the in vitro situation and animal models to humans. In the near future novel mechanisms will usually not be directly elucidated by modelling. However, models will falsify hypotheses and guide towards the most informative experimental design.
Abstract 2701: RORα suppresses breast tumor progression by inducing cell polarization and inhibiting cell invasion
Authors: GaoFeng Xiong, Ren Xu
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Disruption of tissue polarity is one of hallmarks of breast cancer development, which is associated with cell invasion and cancer dissemination. Therefore, identifying proteins and pathways that modulate cell polarity is crucial not only to advancing our knowledge of breast cancer, but also to discovering potential therapeutic targets. Methods: To identify potential regulators of tissue polarity, we analyzed over-represented DNA motifs in the promoter regions of the polarization genes that are significantly up-regulated genes in polarized human mammary epithelial cells in a physiologically relevant three-dimensional (3D) culture system. We assessed the protein levels of RORα by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry in malignant and non-malignant human mammary epithelial cells as well as human breast cancer tissue array. To explore the functional significance of RORα down-regulation the malignance of breast cancer cells, we restored RORα expression in malignant T4-2 cells, MDA231 cells and silenced RORα expression in non-malignant S1 cells. The growth and malignant phenotypes of these cells were examined in 3D culture and xenograft model. Results: Results from promoter analysis suggest that RORα is a potential regulator of mammary tissue polarity and is inactivated in disorganized HMECs. Expression of RORα protein is significantly reduced in malignant breast cancer cell lines and this reduction is associated with disruption of acinar structure in 3D culture. Both mRNA and protein level of RORα were significantly reduced in human breast cancer tissues. Restoring RORα expression in T4-2 and MDA-MB 231 cells significantly suppressed proliferation, invasion and the malignant phenotypes in 3D culture. Silencing RORα expression in non-malignant S1 cells disrupts the polarized acinar morphogenesis. Restoring RORα expression in T4-2 and MDA-MB 231 cells also inhibits the tumor growth in nude mice. Moreover, patients with reduced expression of RORα in cancer tissue have significantly shorter survival. Conclusion: Together these results indicate that inactivation of RORα promotes the breast cancer development and progression by enhancing cell invasion and disturbing normal tissue architecture. RORα provide a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2701. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2701
Nonabandonment: Medical Ethics
Authors: Donald C. Rifas
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 September 1995Nonabandonment: Medical EthicsDonald C. Rifas, MDDonald C. Rifas, MDSacramento, CA 95819Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-6-199509150-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Two interesting and provocative papers recently appeared in Annals. In the first, Quill and Cassel [1] describe the importance of continuity of care, a concept we all learned in medical school as a fundamental precept. Although the moral and ethical imperative shown in this first paper is strong, the second paper, an editorial [2], indicates that the imperative may be overdone. Dr. Pellegrino [2] indicates that Quill and Cassel may find ritual-based ethics too rigid. However, I agree that the physician–patient relationship is important and should not be interrupted casually.In today's climate, in which managed care ...References1. Quill TE, Cassel CK. Nonabandonment: a central obligation for physicians. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:368-74. Google Scholar2. Pellegrino ED. Nonabandonment: an old obligation revisited [Editorial]. Ann Intern Med. 1995; 122:377-8. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Donald C. Rifas, MDAffiliations: Sacramento, CA 95819 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 September 1995Volume 123, Issue 6Page: 474KeywordsMedical ethicsPatientsSurgeons ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 15 September 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Mauve Spot and Schizophrenia
Authors: GEORGE L. ELLMAN, REESE T. JONES, ROBERT C. RYCHERT
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1968)

The authors confirm the reports of an Ehrlich-positive mauve-colored spot on chromatograms of urine extracts in certain schizophrenic patients, and a simplified procedure for performing the test is outlined. Although the data are consistent with earlier observations that certain abnormal materials occur with higher incidence in the urine of schizophrenic patients than in nonschizophrenics, experiments using thin layer chromatography of these materials suggest that the abnormal material may be phenothiazine metabolites.
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis: An Inquiry on Its Pathogenesis.
Authors: José Ramirez-R.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1967)

s1 May 1967Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis: An Inquiry on Its Pathogenesis.José Ramirez-R., M.D., F.A.C.P.José Ramirez-R., M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-66-5-1056_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe mechanisms responsible for the accumulation and clearing of the alveolar material in alveolar proteinosis have not been systematically studied, and the nature of this material is still a subject of speculation.This paper presents a synthesis of multidisciplinary studies undertaken, with the collaboration of many investigators, to elucidate these problems. The studies were performed on nine cases of alveolar proteinosis observed clinically over a period of 2 to 5 years. Pulmonary biopsies were performed in six cases, 1 to 8 weeks after bronchopulmonary irrigation, while resolution of the pulmonary infiltrates was occurring. Pulmonary lipid metabolism was studied in vivo... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Baltimore, Maryland PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1967Volume 66, Issue 5Page: 1056-1056KeywordsBiopsyLipid metabolismPathogenesisProteins Issue Published: 1 May 1967 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Gastric Carcinoid: A Clinical and Endoscopic Assessment of Four Cases
Authors: G.C. Caletti, G. Guizzardi, E. Brocchi, W.F. Grigioni, A. D'Errico, G. Labo
Journal: Endoscopy (1986)

We have established a pre-operative diagnosis in four cases of non-secretory gastric carcinoid of the body and fundus presenting as multiple polyps in three patients, and a single polyp mass in the fourth patient. Clinical and endoscopic findings are not specific, and the pre-operative diagnosis was established by means of biopsy or polypectomy. We observed biochemical and histological differences between multiple and single carcinoids, which might indicate different mechanisms of carcinoid pathogenesis.
What strategy should be used for diagnosis of hepatitis C virus infection in clinical laboratories?
Authors: Jean-Michel Pawlotsky, Isabelle Lonjon, Christophe Hezode, Bruno Raynard, Francoise Darthuy, Jocelyne Remire, Claude-James Soussy, Daniel Dhumeaux
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

The aim of this study was to determine a cost-effective strategy for the diagnosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in clinical laboratories. Anti-HCV antibodies were sought in 3,014 consecutive unselected samples with two different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). An immunoblot-based confirmatory assay (RIBA3.0) was performed in the samples with at least one ELISA positive or weakly positive. HCV RNA was evaluated using HCV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the samples with a weakly positive ELISA, discrepant results of the two ELISAs, or an indeterminate RIBA3.0 pattern. The two ELISAs gave concordant results in 2,957 (98.1%) of the 3,014 samples (negative in 87.9%, positive in 11.8%, and weakly positive in 0.3%), and discrepant results in 57 (1.9%). RIBA3.0 was positive in 338 of the 350 ELISA-positive samples (96.6%) and indeterminate in 12. Six of them were PCR-positive. Among the 8 weakly positive samples, 1 was RIBA3.0-positive, 6 were RIBA3.0-indeterminate, and 1 was RIBA3.0-negative; all were PCR-negative. Among the 57 samples with discrepant ELISA results, 4 were RIBA3.0-positive (none were PCR-positive), 22 were RIBA3.0-indeterminate (1 was PCR-positive), and 31 were RIBA3.0-negative (6 were PCR-positive). In these cases, the clinical context and PCR detection of HCV RNA allowed for definitive classification. In conclusion, one single ELISA determination is necessary for diagnosis of HCV infection in clinical laboratories, and confirmation of positive or weakly positive ELISAs with immunoblot-based confirmatory assays is no longer needed. HCV-RNA detection by PCR helps to resolve weakly positive or negative ELISA results when the clinical context is compatible with hepatitis C.
The Chemistry and Function of Proteins
Authors: H. N. Catchpole
Journal: JAMA (1964)

ABSTRACT The second edition of Haurowitz's Chemistry and Biology of Proteins, now renamed The Chemistry and Function of Proteins, follows its predecessor by a span of 13 years, a period which represents a most spectacular advance in the protein field. In 1950, the characterization of chains of 100 amino acids was considered a hopeless endeavor; yet within the following three years the structure of insulin, with over 50 amino acids, was already completely known. By 1961 ribonuclease, with well over a hundred, could be pictured with some confidence.It can be said at the outset that this is a superb text, in writing, arrangement, annotation, and production. It is obviously a must for the advanced student in biochemistry and indeed in most fields of biology. The general reader in medicine will find it tougher going. But in certain areas, where the literature is already reaching a point of no return for
Delirium on the intensive care unit
Authors: V. J. Page, T. Kurth
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Background and aim:</h3> A clear understanding of the impact sex differences play in clinical traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcome remains elusive. Animal research suggests that females have better functional outcomes following TBI than males. Therefore, this paper aims to systematically review all studies that have examined sex differences in functional outcome measures following moderate to severe TBI in humans. It was predicted that women would exhibit better functional outcome than men. <h3>Methods:</h3> A predefined study selection criteria was adopted to screen studies eligible for inclusion. A comprehensive and systematic search of various databases, up to the end of April 2007, was undertaken. Two independent reviewers screened studies for eligibility. Selected studies were assessed for methodological quality. <h3>Results:</h3> 13 studies were included. Because of the heterogeneity of the functional outcome measures and lack of appropriate statistical information, a qualitative analysis was performed. More than half of the papers were considered high quality. Strong evidence was found to suggest that women do not have better functional outcome than men following moderate to severe TBI. <h3>Conclusion:</h3> The results of this review are contrary to the suggestions from animal literature. Consideration of factors such as the woman patient’s hormonal status at the time of injury and other sources of heterogeneity such as age and injury severity should be addressed in future prospective studies.
Reviews and Notes: Improving Clinical Practice: Total Quality Management and the Physician. D Blumenthal and AC Scheck; eds. 310 pages. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 1995. $35.95. ISBN 0787800931. Order phone 415-433-1767
Authors: John A. Robbins
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1996)

Literature of Medicine1 January 1996Reviews and Notes: Improving Clinical Practice: Total Quality Management and the Physician. D Blumenthal and AC Scheck; eds. 310 pages. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 1995. $35.95. ISBN 0787800931. Order phone 415-433-1767John A. Robbins, MD, MPHJohn A. Robbins, MD, MPHUniversity of California, Davis, Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-124-1_Part_1-199601010-00037 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Before reading this book, I was under the impression that total quality management, continuous quality improvement, and other new names for what we used to call quality assurance were methods dreamed up by hospital administrators and regulatory agencies to confuse and control physicians. The authors of this book on improving clinical practice report that my opinion is shared by most physicians. After having read the book, I still believe that total quality management, continuous quality improvement, and so on are usually used by administrators to control and manipulate physician behavior. On the other hand, the authors have convinced me that ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of California, Davis, Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1996Volume 124, Issue 1_Part_1Page: 79KeywordsBehaviorContinuous quality improvementHealth care qualityHealth care quality assessmentPatientsProblem solvingQuality improvementTotal quality management ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 January 1996 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1996 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Improved control of brittle Parkinsonism by separate administration of levodopa and benserazide.
Authors: D L McLellan, B C Dean
Journal: BMJ (1982)

A 59-year-old woman who had had Parkinsonism for 12 years was treated with orphenadrine and levodopa combined with a dopa carboxylase inhibitor. The initial response was good, but after several years9 treatment her condition alternated between severe bradykinesia and incapacitating, violent chorea, interspersed with short periods of mobility. A new regimen was devised, using levodopa in capsules of 40 mg and benserazide in separate capsules of 10 or 25 mg. Levodopa 40 mg was taken at intervals of half to two and a half hours, usually with benserazide 10 mg but alone in the late morning and evening. Additional benserazide was required one hour after lunch. With this regimen her condition was greatly improved, though she still had an abnormal gait and spells of bradykinesia and chorea. Separate, frequent small doses of levodopa and benserazide may give better control of brittle Parkinsonism.