tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Glasgow supported self-management trial (GSuST) for patients with moderate to severe COPD: randomised controlled trial
Authors: C. E. Bucknall, G. Miller, S. M. Lloyd, J. Cleland, S. McCluskey, M. Cotton, R. D. Stevenson, P. Cotton, A. McConnachie
Journal: BMJ (2012)

<b>Objective</b> To determine whether supported self management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can reduce hospital readmissions in the United Kingdom. <b>Design</b> Randomised controlled trial. <b>Setting</b> Community based intervention in the west of Scotland. <b>Participants</b> Patients admitted to hospital with acute exacerbation of COPD. <b>Intervention</b> Participants in the intervention group were trained to detect and treat exacerbations promptly, with ongoing support for 12 months. <b>Main outcome measures</b> The primary outcome was hospital readmissions and deaths due to COPD assessed by record linkage of Scottish Morbidity Records; health related quality of life measures were secondary outcomes. <b>Results</b> 464 patients were randomised, stratified by age, sex, per cent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second, recent pulmonary rehabilitation attendance, smoking status, deprivation category of area of residence, and previous COPD admissions. No difference was found in COPD admissions or death (111/232 (48%) <i>v</i> 108/232 (47%); hazard ratio 1.05, 95% confidence interval 0.80 to 1.38). Return of health related quality of life questionnaires was poor (n=265; 57%), so that no useful conclusions could be made from these data. Pre-planned subgroup analysis showed no differential benefit in the primary outcome relating to disease severity or demographic variables. In an exploratory analysis, 42% (75/150) of patients in the intervention group were classified as successful self managers at study exit, from review of appropriateness of use of self management therapy. Predictors of successful self management on stepwise regression were younger age (P=0.012) and living with others (P=0.010). COPD readmissions/deaths were reduced in successful self managers compared with unsuccessful self managers (20/75 (27%) <i>v</i> 51/105 (49%); hazard ratio 0.44, 0.25 to 0.76; P=0.003). <b>Conclusion</b> Supported self management had no effect on time to first readmission or death with COPD. Exploratory subgroup analysis identified a minority of participants who learnt to self manage; this group had a significantly reduced risk of COPD readmission, were younger, and were more likely to be living with others. <b>Trial registration </b>Clinical trials NCT 00706303.
A KINETIC ANALYSIS OF THE RENIN-ANGIOTONIN PRESSOR SYSTEM AND THE STANDARDIZATION OF THE ENZYMES RENIN AND ANGIOTONASE
Authors: Albert A. Plentl, Irvine H. Page
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1943)

The physicochemical background of the renal vasporessor system (renin-renin-substrate, angiotinin, angiotonase) is given. The formation and destruction of angiotonin is shown to consist of two consecutive reactions, both of which follow the laws of first order kinetics. Each reaction was studied separately and its reaction constant found to be proportional to the enzyme concentration. Hence these constants should be used to express the activity of the enzymes, renin and angiotonase. The over-all reaction of a mixture of renin and angiotonase such as occurs in kidney extracts with the alpha-globulin fraction of serum, viz., rapid increase followed by a slow decline in angiotonin concentration, was found experimentally to correspond closely to the theoretical values calculated for such a reaction. The curve obtained also satisfyingly explains the characteristic pressor response to the intravenous injection of renin. An accurate method for the determination of renin in the presence of angiotonase is presented.
Protease protects from snakes and sepsis
Authors: Hema Bashyam
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2007)

High blood pressure, sepsis, and snake bites might all be cured by the same antidote, according to Schneider et al. (page 2629).High blood pressure and septic shock are both enhanced by a 21-amino acid peptide called ET-1.This peptide is secreted by blood vessel cells that have been activated by inflammatory cytokines.ET-1 triggers the contraction of smooth muscle cells that are wrapped around blood vessels, causing blood to flow through the squeezed vessels at a higher pressure.This contraction prevents blood from getting to its target tissues, leading to sepsis-associated organ malfunction.ET-1 is structurally similar to a snake venom toxin called sarafotoxin.This toxin is lethal to mice that lack a type of immune cell called mast cells.These mice also die when sepsis-causing bacteria enter the abdominal cavity from an injured gut.How mast cells protect against sepsis and snake venom, however, was unclear.They express both ET-1 receptors and degradative enzymes that normally destroy pathogens.The authors thus imagined that the mast cells might trap ET-1 (and the toxin) and then degrade it.They focused on mast cells' most abundant defensive protease, Mc-cpa.The team now shows that Mc-cpa is indeed the weapon of choice against ET-1 and the toxin.Mice that lack mast cells died within hours after injection with ET-1.Mc-cpa protected mice by snipping and thus disarming the dangerous peptides.Mice that secreted inactive Mc-cpa were as susceptible to sepsis and snake venom as mice that lacked mast cells.ET-1 is needed for mast cell activation, but its subsequent degradation might limit its long-term destructive effects.
Lisbon and Its People.—Some Interesting Facts for Those Attending the International Congress.
Authors: William Lee Howard
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Baltimore, March 1, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Having received numerous letters of inquiry regarding Lisbon and its people I take this opportunity to give a few facts to those who are to attend the congress. Being well acquainted with the people of Portugal, I regret that I can not do them greater justice, but material for a medical journal has its limits. Contrary to the general opinion, Portugal differs sensibly from Spain in its social, intellectual and moral life. Ethnographically the inhabitants of the two countries are the same race, but apart from this there is a great difference between the two races. The primitive traits of the Portuguese have been changed by long series of mixtures between the original inhabitants and foreigners. This amalgam, which was produced during and directly after Portugal's great geographical discoveries, has brought about a physiognomic difference which is noticeable the moment the traveler reaches
Study leave for junior doctors Academic staff get a raw deal
Authors: A P Campbell, B McDonald, B Lovett
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - David P Coates's letter on study leave1 and the abridged paper on study leave for postgraduate trainees2 highlight the problems associated with the funding of discretionary study leave for doctors in the postgraduate training grades employed in the NHS. We wish to highlight the difficulties experienced by trainees employed on university contracts, some of whom experience financial hardship resulting from the lack of clearly defined budgets to fund their study leave. Only three of the 15 health districts surveyed …
Maintenance digoxin after an episode of heart failure: placebo-controlled trial in outpatients.
Authors: S M Dobbs, W I Kenyon, R J Dobbs
Journal: BMJ (1977)

The need for maintenance digoxin treatment was assessed in a double-blind, variable-dose, crossover comparison with placebo. Forty-six outpatients who had been prescribed the drug for heart failure were studied; 33 were in sinus rhythm and the remainder in atrial fibrillation. Mean serum digoxin concentrations in those with sinus rhythm averaged 1-33 nmol/l, but a lower concentration, averaging 0-97 nmol/l, was accepted in those with atrial fibrillation as six of them developed bradycardia. Sixteen of the 46 patients deteriorated on placebo, and eight completely recovered when digoxin was reintroduced; in the remainder additional diuretics were required temporarily. Spirometric values deteriorated on changing to placebo whether or not the patient showed clinical evidence of recurrence of heart failure. In a separate study of nine patients who showed no clinical evidence of deterioration on placebo, reintroduction of digoxin caused a shortening of left ventricular ejection time, which persisted for at least a month. This suggests that the inotropic response to digoxin is sustained during maintenance treatment.
Acute gain and late loss relationship after coronary angioplasty correlates with geometric remodeling but not with changes in plaque volume
Authors: Takeshi Kimura, Satoshi Kaburagi, Hiroyoshi Yokoi, Yoshihisa Nakagawa, Masakiyo Nobuyoshi, Gary S. Mintz, Jeffery J. Popma, Martin B. Leon
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
OMEGA-3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS ADMINISTRATION IMPROVES VASCULAR FUNCTION IN SUBJECTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME
Authors: Aris Plastiras, Gerasimos Siasos, Dimitris Tousoulis, Evangelos Oikonomou, Alexios Verveniotis, Konstantinos Maniatis, Stamatios Kioufis, Marina Zaromitidou, Eleni Kokkou, Maria Eleni Kollia, Christos Pitsavos, Nikolaos Gouliopoulos, Athanasios Papavassiliou, Christodoulos I Stefanadis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
New pathological findings in emphysema of childhood: 3. Unilateral congenital emphysema with hypoplasia--and compensatory emphysema of contralateral lung
Authors: R. Henderson, A. Hislop, L. Reid
Journal: Thorax (1971)

A quantitative study is here reported on the lungs of a child of 9 months with unilateral emphysema associated with hypoplasia, and with compensatory emphysema in the contralateral lung. The left lung was judged to show congenital hypoplasia because of the reduced number of bronchi and arteries, its small volume, and a total alveolar number less than that normally found at birth. This last was due mainly to reduction in the number of acini, the intra-acinar number seeming little affected. As the alveoli were eight times the normal volume, the case was considered to be one of congenital hypoplastic emphysema. The right lung was evidently normal at birth, since it had a normal number of bronchi, arteries, and alveoli. The lung was increased in volume due to an increase in alveolar volume—an example of compensatory emphysema. This case is discussed with relation to two previously reported cases of lobar emphysema and other cases in the literature. It is emphasized that a quantitative analysis of the state of bronchi, alveoli, and blood vessels is important to establish the nature of the pathological change. A preliminary classification based on the anatomical features is offered.
Artificial Sweeteners May Promote Metabolic Disorders
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Generation of Potent and Stable Human CD4+ T Regulatory Cells by Activation-independent Expression of FOXP3
Authors: Sarah E Allan, Alicia N Alstad, Natacha Merindol, Natasha K Crellin, Mario Amendola, Rosa Bacchetta, Luigi Naldini, Maria Grazia Roncarolo, Hugo Soudeyns, Megan K Levings
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

Therapies based on enhancing the numbers and/or function of T regulatory cells (Tregs) represent one of the most promising approaches to restoring tolerance in many immune-mediated diseases. Several groups have investigated whether human Tregs suitable for cellular therapy can be obtained by in vitro expansion, in vitro conversion of conventional T cells into Tregs, or gene transfer of the FOXP3 transcription factor. To date, however, none of these approaches has resulted in a homogeneous and stable population of cells that is as potently suppressive as ex vivo Tregs. We developed a lentivirus-based strategy to ectopically express high levels of FOXP3 that do not fluctuate with the state of T-cell activation. This method consistently results in the development of suppressive cells that are as potent as Tregs and can be propagated as a homogeneous population. Moreover, using this system, both naïve and memory CD4+ T cells can be efficiently converted into Tregs. To date, this is the most efficient and reliable protocol for generating large numbers of suppressive CD4+ Tregs, which can be used for further biological study and developed for antigen-specific cellular therapy applications. Therapies based on enhancing the numbers and/or function of T regulatory cells (Tregs) represent one of the most promising approaches to restoring tolerance in many immune-mediated diseases. Several groups have investigated whether human Tregs suitable for cellular therapy can be obtained by in vitro expansion, in vitro conversion of conventional T cells into Tregs, or gene transfer of the FOXP3 transcription factor. To date, however, none of these approaches has resulted in a homogeneous and stable population of cells that is as potently suppressive as ex vivo Tregs. We developed a lentivirus-based strategy to ectopically express high levels of FOXP3 that do not fluctuate with the state of T-cell activation. This method consistently results in the development of suppressive cells that are as potent as Tregs and can be propagated as a homogeneous population. Moreover, using this system, both naïve and memory CD4+ T cells can be efficiently converted into Tregs. To date, this is the most efficient and reliable protocol for generating large numbers of suppressive CD4+ Tregs, which can be used for further biological study and developed for antigen-specific cellular therapy applications.
Gene Transfer Properties and Structural Modeling of Human Stem Cell-derived AAV
Authors: Laura J Smith, Taihra Ul-Hasan, Sarah K Carvaines, Kim Van Vliet, Ethel Yang, Kamehameha K Wong, Mavis Agbandje-McKenna, Saswati Chatterjee
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are proving to be remarkably successful for in vivo gene delivery. Based upon reports of abundant AAV in the human marrow, we tested CD34(+) hematopoietic stem cells for the presence of natural AAV. Here, we report for the first time, the presence of novel AAV variants in healthy CD34(+) human peripheral blood stem cells. The majority of healthy peripheral blood stem cell donors were found to harbor AAV in their CD34(+) cells. Every AAV isolated from CD34(+) cells mapped to AAV Clade F. Gene transfer vectors derived from these novel AAVs efficiently underwent entry and postentry processing in human cord blood stem cells and supported stable gene transfer into long-term, in vivo engrafting human HSCs significantly better than other serotypes. AAVHSC-transduced human CD34(+) cells engrafted in vivo and gave rise to differentiated transgene-expressing progeny. Importantly, gene-marked CD34(+) stem cells persisted long term in xenograft recipients, indicating transduction of primitive progenitors. Notably, correlation of structure with function permitted identification of potential capsid components important for HSC transduction. Thus, AAVHSCs represent a new class of genetic vectors for the manipulation of HSC genomes.
Controlled Clinical Trial of Prophylactic Human-Leukocyte Interferon in Renal Transplantation
Authors: Sarah H. Cheeseman, Robert H. Rubin, John A. Stewart, Nina E. Tolkoff-Rubin, A. Benedict Cosimi, Kari Cantell, John Gilbert, Susan Winkle, John T. Herrin, Paul H. Black, Paul S. Russell, Martin S. Hirsch
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Original Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — Controlled Clinical Trial of Prophylactic Human-Leukocyte Interferon in Renal Transplantation — Effects on Cytomegalovirus and Herpes Simplex Virus Infections
Meeting the Problems of First-Generation Insulin Infusion Pumps: Clinical Trial of a New Miniature Infuser
Authors: Jeremy J Bending, John C Pickup, Harry Keen, Denis Rothwell, Ian A Sutherland
Journal: Diabetes Care (1983)

We designed and constructed a new miniature, open-loop insulin infusion pump specifically to overcome the problems of many first generation insulin infusers. Special features are small size, adjustable volumetric basal infusion rate, rapid electronically mediated prandial insulin boosts, facility for doubling and halving the basal infusion rate and/or prandial delivery, and alarms for low battery state, motor over-run, stoppage, and control circuit malfunction. The infuser takes a specially designed syringe prefilled with short-acting insulin, sufficient in most diabetic patients for at least 7 days treatment with 100 U/ml insulin. To test clinical efficacy nine insulin-dependent diabetic patients received continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) with the new infuser for periods up to 6 mo. Four patients previously CSII-treated with a first-generation pump and five who were new to CSII achieved and maintained the expected degree of near-normoglycemia. There were no pump breakdowns and a questionnaire completed by patients during the study confirmed ease and simplicity of operation and an appreciation of the advantages of the new pump compared with one widely used first-generation infuser.
Competition between clonal plasma cells and normal cells for potentially overlapping bone marrow niches is associated with a progressively altered cellular distribution in MGUS vs myeloma
Authors: B Paiva, M Pérez-Andrés, M-B Vídriales, J Almeida, N de las Heras, M-V Mateos, L López-Corral, N C Gutiérrez, J Blanco, A Oriol, M T Hernández, F de Arriba, A G de Coca, M-J Terol, J de la Rubia, Y González, A Martín, A Sureda, M Schmidt-Hieber, A Schmitz, H E Johnsen, J-J Lahuerta, J Bladé, J F San-Miguel, A Orfao
Journal: Leukemia (2011)
Prognostic Significance of Mucin and p53 Expression in Stage IB Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: A Laboratory Companion Study to CALGB 9633
Authors: Stephen L. Graziano, Lin Gu, Xiaofei Wang, Arthur H. Tatum, Robin T. Vollmer, Gary M. Strauss, Robert Kratzke, Arkadiusz Z. Dudek, Everett E. Vokes, Mark R. Green
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2010)
Postoperative Follow-Up of Patients with Ventricular Septal Defect
Authors: HUGH D. ALLEN, RAY C. ANDERSON, GEORGE R. NOREN, JAMES H. MOLLER
Journal: Circulation (1974)

This study deals with 341 patients who underwent operative correction of ventricular septal defect at the University of Minnesota Hospitals from 1954 to 1960. Seventy-one patients (21%) died during operation or in the immediate postoperative period; another 30 patients (9%) died following discharge from the hospital and as late as 14 years after operation. One hundred-forty patients had postoperative cardiac catheterizations, 28 of whom were catheterized more than five years after operation. Postoperative hemodynamic data were compared with available preoperative data and show no significant change in total pulmonary resistance. Although the majority of our survivors are asymptomatic, we believe that periodic postoperative clinical and laboratory evaluation is important to the continued well-being of the patient.
Thrombospondin-1 mediates oncogenic Ras–induced senescence in premalignant lung tumors
Authors: Kwan-Hyuck Baek, Dongha Bhang, Alexander Zaslavsky, Liang-Chuan Wang, Anil Vachani, Carla F. Kim, Steven M. Albelda, Gerard I. Evan, Sandra Ryeom
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2013)

Progression of premalignant lesions is restrained by oncogene-induced senescence. Oncogenic Ras triggers senescence in many organs, including the lung, which exhibits high levels of the angiogenesis inhibitor thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1). The contribution of TSP-1 upregulation to the modulation of tumorigenesis in the lung is unclear. Using a mouse model of lung cancer, we have shown that TSP-1 plays a critical and cell-autonomous role in suppressing Kras-induced lung tumorigenesis independent of its antiangiogenic function. Overall survival was decreased in a Kras-driven mouse model of lung cancer on a Tsp-1–/– background. We found that oncogenic Kras–induced TSP-1 upregulation in a p53-dependent manner. TSP-1 functioned in a positive feedback loop to stabilize p53 by interacting directly with activated ERK. TSP-1 tethering of ERK in the cytoplasm promoted a level of MAPK signaling that was sufficient to sustain p53 expression and a senescence response. Our data identify TSP-1 as a p53 target that contributes to maintaining Ras-induced senescence in the lung.
Reversal of beta-cell suppression in vitro in pancreatic islets isolated from nonobese diabetic mice during the phase preceding insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Authors: E Strandell, D L Eizirik, S Sandler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is characterized by a progressive autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta-cells. One of the best-suited animal models for IDDM is the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse. In this investigation pancreatic islets were isolated from female NOD mice aged 5-7, 8-11, and 12-13 wk and examined immediately (day 0) or after 7 d of culture (day 7). The mice showed a progressive disturbance in glucose tolerance with age, and a correspondingly increased frequency of pancreatic insulitis. Islets isolated from the oldest mice often contained inflammatory cells on day 0, which resulted in an elevated islet DNA content. During culture these islets became depleted of infiltrating cells and the DNA content of the islets decreased on day 7. Islets of the eldest mice failed to respond with insulin secretion to high glucose, whereas a response was observed in the other groups. After culture all groups of islets showed a markedly improved insulin secretion. Islets from the 12-13-wk-old mice displayed a lower glucose oxidation rate at 16.7 mM glucose on day 0 compared with day 7. Islet (pro)insulin and total protein biosynthesis was essentially unaffected. In conclusion, islets obtained from 12-13-wk-old NOD mice exhibit an impaired glucose metabolism, which may explain the suppressed insulin secretion observed immediately after isolation. This inhibition of beta-cell function can be reversed in vitro. Thus, there may be a stage during development of IDDM when beta-cell destruction can be counteracted and beta-cell function restored, provided the immune aggression is arrested.