tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) polymorphism may modify the relationship of low-level lead exposure to uricemia and renal function: the normative aging study.
Authors: Ming-Tsang Wu, Karl Kelsey, Joel Schwartz, David Sparrow, Scott Weiss, Howard Hu
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2002)

In this study we investigated whether a known delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) exon 4 polymorphism has a modifying effect on the association of blood or bone lead level with uricemia and indices of renal function among middle-aged and elderly men. We performed a cross-sectional study of subjects who participated between 1991 and 1995 in the Department of Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study. Information on blood lead levels, bone lead levels (measured by K-shell X-ray fluorescence), serum uric acid, serum creatinine, estimated creatinine clearance, and ALAD polymorphism status was available in 709 subjects. Regression models were constructed to examine the relationships of serum uric acid, serum creatinine, and estimated creatinine clearance to blood or bone lead level, stratified by genotype. We also adjusted for age, body mass index, blood pressure, smoking, alcohol consumption, and ingestion of analgesic medications (n = 638). Of the 709 subjects, 7 (1%) and 107 (15%) were homozygous and heterozygous for the variant (ALAD-2) allele, respectively. The mean (range) serum uric acid and creatinine levels were 6.5 (2.9-10.6) and 1.2 (0.6-2.5) mg/dL. No significant differences were found in serum uric acid, serum creatinine, or estimated creatinine clearance by ALAD genotype. However, after adjusting for other potential confounders, we found a significant linear relationship between serum uric acid and patella bone lead (p = 0.040) among the ALAD 1-2/2-2 genotype individuals above a threshold patellar lead level of 15 micro g/g. In contrast, among the wild-type (ALAD 1-1) individuals, there was a suggestion of a significant linear relationship of serum uric acid with patella bone lead (p = 0.141), but only after a threshold of 101 micro g/g. There was evidence of a significant (p = 0.025) interaction of tibia lead with genotype (ALAD 1-1 vs. ALAD 1-2/2-2) regarding serum creatinine as an outcome, but in the same linear regression model tibia lead alone was not a significant predictor of serum creatinine. Conversely, for estimated creatinine clearance, patella lead, but not the interaction of patella lead with genotype, was a significantly independent predictor (p = 0.026). Our findings suggest that ALAD genotype may modify the effect of lead on the renal excretion of uric acid as well as overall renal function among middle-aged and elderly men who had community (nonoccupational) exposures to lead. Additional research is needed to ascertain whether this constitutes a true gene-environment interaction and, if so, its clinical impact.
The roots of social understanding in the attachment relationship: An elaboration on the constructionist theory
Authors: Peter Fonagy
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2004)

It is argued that constructionist theory provides only a partial account of how secure attachment leads to better social understanding. In addition to cooperative parent-child relations, the more efficient arousal and affect regulation system of secure infants, and developmental moderators of the processes of imitation, may play a part in explaining the association and offer clues as to how effective social understanding is generally acquired.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON WHOOPINGCOUGH AND ITS TREATMENT BY VACCINES
Authors: R. W. Cockshut
Journal: BMJ (1933)

JOIURNALin the morning as lwell as evening for a day or two.Con- sultant opinion suggested the possibility of pressure on the subclavian veiin by tuberculous glands, causing obstruction to lymphatic and venous flow, and sanatorium-treatment was advised.Three weeks of this excluded the diagnosis of any active tubercle, and further consultant opinion declared a diagnosis of subclavian vein thrombosis.The arm was massaged, and seven weeks after the onset of the condition all swelliilg had subsided.In October the patient started rowing againi, but at the end of a week the arm had swollen a little aind he stopped.Early in January row%ing caused some swelling, for wNhich I advised massage.From this time there vas improvemenit and the patient continued to row without recurrence of swelling until he left Cambridge eighteen months later.He reports good health and Ino further trouble up to July, 1933.
1026-62 Distal protection device (PercuSurge) can reduce infarct size in patients with acute myocardial infarction who have ruptured culprit plaque
Authors: Isamu Mizote, Kazuhisa Kodama, Atsushi Hirayama, Yasunori Ueda, Yuzuru Takano, Jyouta Ooyabu, Taku Sakai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Vitamin A Intake and Hip Fractures Among Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Diane Feskanich
Journal: JAMA (2002)

ContextIngestion of toxic amounts of vitamin A affects bone remodeling and can have adverse skeletal effects in animals. The possibility has been raised that long-term high vitamin A intake could contribute to fracture risk in humans.ObjectiveTo assess the relationship between high vitamin A intake from foods and supplements and risk of hip fracture among postmenopausal women.DesignProspective analysis begun in 1980 with 18 years of follow-up within the Nurses' Health Study.SettingGeneral community of registered nurses within 11 US states.ParticipantsA total of 72 337 postmenopausal women aged 34 to 77 years.Main Outcome MeasuresIncident hip fractures resulting from low or moderate trauma, analyzed by quintiles of vitamin A intake and by use of multivitamins and vitamin A supplements, assessed at baseline and updated during follow-up.ResultsFrom 1980 to 1998, 603 incident hip fractures resulting from low or moderate trauma were identified. After controlling for confounding factors, women in the highest quintile of total vitamin A intake (≥3000 µg/d of retinol equivalents [RE]) had a significantly elevated relative risk (RR) of hip fracture (RR, 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-2.07; P for trend = .003) compared with women in the lowest quintile of intake (&lt;1250 µg/d of RE). This increased risk was attributable primarily to retinol (RR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.33-2.68; P for trend &lt;.001 comparing ≥2000 µg/d vs &lt;500 µg/d). The association of high retinol intake with hip fracture was attenuated among women using postmenopausal estrogens. Beta carotene did not contribute significantly to fracture risk (RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.90-1.66; P for trend = .10 comparing ≥6300 µg/d vs &lt;2550 µg/d). Women currently taking a specific vitamin A supplement had a nonsignificant 40% increased risk of hip fracture (RR, 1.40; 95% CI, 0.99-1.99) compared with those not taking that supplement, and, among women not taking supplemental vitamin A, retinol from food was significantly associated with fracture risk (RR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.05-2.74; P for trend = .05 comparing ≥1000 µg/d vs &lt;400 µg/d).ConclusionsLong-term intake of a diet high in retinol may promote the development of osteoporotic hip fractures in women. The amounts of retinol in fortified foods and vitamin supplements may need to be reassessed.
Bad medicine: rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Des Spence
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Inflaming the establishment is a civic duty, for medicine is a force not only for good but also for harm. The young learn to value experience only once they have gained it. In my experience there has been a dramatic decline in the severity of rheumatoid arthritis. Once common clinical signs such as ulna deviation are now rare, even on medical wards. Evidence supports my experience, with a halving of rheumatoid arthritis rates from 1955,1 and major declines in the rate of orthopaedic interventions.2 3 This reflects a change in the epidemiology and improvements in medical care. …
Extracellular Adenosine Triphosphate and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Marek Lommatzsch, Sanja Cicko, Tobias Müller, Monica Lucattelli, Kai Bratke, Paul Stoll, Melanie Grimm, Thorsten Dürk, Gernot Zissel, Davide Ferrari, Francesco Di Virgilio, Stephan Sorichter, Giuseppe Lungarella, J. Christian Virchow, Marco Idzko
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

Rationale: Extracellular ATP promotes inflammation, but its role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is unknown.Objectives: To analyze the expression of ATP and its functional consequences in never-smokers, asymptomatic smokers, and patients with COPD.Methods: ATP was quantified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of never-smokers, asymptomatic smokers, and patients with COPD of different severity. The expression of specific ATP (purinergic) receptors was measured in airway macrophages and blood neutrophils from control subjects and patients with COPD. The release of mediators by macrophages and neutrophils and neutrophil chemotaxis was assessed after ATP stimulation.Measurements and Main Results: Chronic smokers had elevated ATP concentrations in BALF compared with never-smokers. Acute smoke exposure led to a further increase in endobronchial ATP concentrations. Highest ATP concentrations in BALF were present in smokers and ex-smokers with COPD. In patients with COPD, BALF ATP concentrations correlated negatively with lung function and positively with BALF neutrophil counts. ATP induced a stronger chemotaxis and a stronger elastase release in blood neutrophils from patients with COPD, as compared with control subjects. In addition, airway macrophages from patients with COPD responded with an increased secretion of proinflammatory and tissue-degrading mediators after ATP stimulation. These findings were accompanied by an up-regulation of specific purinergic receptors in blood neutrophils and airway macrophages of patients with COPD.Conclusions: COPD is characterized by a strong and persistent up-regulation of extracellular ATP in the airways. Extracellular ATP appears to contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD by promoting inflammation and tissue degradation.
1206 NONCLINICAL AND CROSS-GENOTYPIC PROFILES OF GS-9669, A NOVEL HCV NS5B NON-NUCLEOSIDE THUMB SITE II INHIBITOR
Authors: M. Fenaux, Y. Tian, M. Matles, E. Mabery, Jingyu Zhang, S. Eng, B. Murray, J. Mwangi, S. Lazerwith, W. Lew, E. Canales, Q. Liu, D. Byun, E. Doerffler, H. Ye, M. Clarke, M. Mertzman, P. Morganelli, Jennifer Zhang, S. Leavitt, T. Appleby, A. Hashash, A. Bidgood, S. Krawczyk, W. Watkins
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Dialysis Patients' Preferences for Family-Based Advance Care Planning
Authors: Stephen C. Hines
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Background: Most patients do not participate in advance care planning with physicians. Objective: To examine patients' preferences for involving their physicians and families in advance care planning. Design: Face-to-face interviews with randomly selected patients. Setting: Community-based dialysis units in one rural and one urban region. Participants: 400 hemodialysis patients. Measurements: Questions about whom patients involve in advance care planning, whom patients would like to include in this planning, and patients' reactions to state legislation on surrogate decision makers in end-of-life care. Results: Patients more frequently discussed preferences for end-of-life care with family members than with physicians (50% compared with 6%; P < 0.001). More patients wanted to include family members in future discussions of advance care planning than wanted to include physicians (91% compared with 36%; P < 0.001). Patients were most comfortable with legislation that granted their family end-of-life decision-making authority in the event of their own incapacity (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Most patients want to include their families more than their physicians in advance care planning.
Treatment of severe β‐thalassemia (patients) with myleran
Authors: Liu De‐pei, Liang Chih‐chuan, Ao Zao‐hui, Jia Pei‐chen, Chen Song‐sen, Wang Rong‐xin, Liu Li‐juan, Jin He‐qian, Zha Dan‐yu, Huang You‐wen
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1990)

Abstract We previously reported that myleran, a cell cycle nonspecific drug, can stimulate γ‐globin gene expression in anemic adult rhesus monkeys. This finding prompted us to treat two patients with severe β‐thalassemia with myleran. Both patients received an initial course of therapy, constantly of myleran at a dosage of 0.2 mg/kg/d for 9 days followed by 0.15 mg/kg/d for the next 11 days. One patient received an additional 20‐day course of myleran at a dosage of 0.2 mg/kg/d beginning 44 days after completion of the first course. No severe ill effects related to the drug were observed during or after drug administration. After 20 days of myleran treatment, levels of HbF and reticulocytes increased in both patients and level of F cells increased in patient 1. In patient 1, Hb concentration rose from 42g/L (9 days after transfusion) before treatment to a maximum of 65g/L afterward; in patient 2, it rose from 74g/L to a maximum of 106g/L. A value of 15g/L above baseline lasted for about 5 months in both patients. Hypomethylation of bone marrow DNA near the γ‐globin gene was demonstrated in patient 1.
Clinical merit of endomyocardial biopsy.
Authors: J W Mason, J B O'Connell
Journal: Circulation (1989)

At this time, endomyocardial biopsy has proven validity as a diagnostic method in few circumstances. However, it is overused. In the near term, the extent of its use should be modified by knowledge of its therapeutic relevance in patients with myocarditis. In the long term, numerous new techniques for studying pathophysiology at the subcellular and molecular levels will demand a central role for endomyocardial biopsy in the diagnosis, treatment and fundamental understanding of myocardial diseases. We believe that endomyocardial biopsy will serve as an indispensible link between basic scientists and clinicians in the effort to describe disease mechanisms.
Hypothermia in the elderly: scope for prevention.
Authors: C J Otty, M O Roland
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Concern is growing about the number of elderly people dying of hypothermia. A register was compiled of patients over 75 on a general practitioner's list who were identified from their medical records as being at risk of hypothermia, having two or more established risk factors. Twenty four patients from this register were visited early in winter by a doctor to discuss how hypothermia could be prevented. They were then revisited during very cold weather to see whether they had made any changes. Several improvements to heating arrangements were noted, but the median temperature in the bedrooms of houses with no central heating was 10 degrees C below the World Health Organisation's recommended temperature. In addition, eight patients were not visited daily. Even with media publicity and visits from carers and a doctor, 17 of the 24 elderly people studied continued to live in an environment in which they were at risk of developing hypothermia.
Sports related maxillofacial injuries: the first maxillofacial trauma database in Switzerland
Authors: A K Exadaktylos, N M Eggensperger, S Eggli, K M Smolka, H Zimmermann, T Iizuka
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2004)

With the increase in the amount of medical data handled by emergency units, advances in computerisation have become necessary. New computer technology should have a major influence on accident analysis and prevention and the quality of research in the future.To investigate the occurrence of sports related maxillofacial injuries using a newly installed relational database. To establish the first sports trauma database in Switzerland.The Qualicare databank was used to prospectively review 57 248 case histories of patients treated in the Department of Emergency Medicine between January 2000 and December 2002. Pre-defined key words were used to collect data on sports related maxillofacial injuries.A total of 750 patients with maxillofacial injuries were identified. Ninety (12%) were sports related maxillofacial fractures. Most (27%) were sustained during skiing and snowboarding, 22% during team sports such as soccer or ice hockey, and 21% were from cycling accidents. Sixty eight per cent of the cyclists, 50% of the ice hockey players and soccer players, and 48% of the skiers and snowboarders had isolated fractures of the midface. Fractures of the mandible were noted predominantly in contact sports.Computerisation of trauma and emergency units and the introduction of customised software can significantly reduce the workload of researchers and doctors. The effective use of new computer technology should have a considerable influence on research and the quality of future prospective and retrospective studies.
Increasing Frequency of Gall Bladder Operations in the Bristol Clinical Area
Authors: C. Holland, K. W. Heaton
Journal: BMJ (1972)

In the Bristol clinical area the frequency of gall bladder operations rose by a factor of 3.4 between 1940 and 1970, the greatest increase occurring in the 1950s. The increase took place in all age groups, but was greatest in the under-30s and in men. Numerous factors affect the chance of a patient with gall stones being operated on, but a change of this magnitude suggests there has been a substantial rise in the incidence of gall stones since the second world war. This belief is supported by data from the nationwide Hospital In-patient Enquiry.
Bias in published cost effectiveness studies: systematic review
Authors: Chaim M Bell, David R Urbach, Joel G Ray, Ahmed Bayoumi, Allison B Rosen, Dan Greenberg, Peter J Neumann
Journal: BMJ (2006)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To investigate if published studies tend to report favourable cost effectiveness ratios (below $20 000, $50 000, and $100 000 per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained) and evaluate study characteristics associated with this phenomenon. <b>Design</b> Systematic review. <b>Studies reviewed</b> 494 English language studies measuring health effects in QALYs published up to December 2001 identified using Medline, HealthSTAR, CancerLit, Current Content, and EconLit databases. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Incremental cost effectiveness ratios measured in dollars set to the year of publication. <b>Results</b> Approximately half the reported incremental cost effectiveness ratios (712 of 1433) were below $20 000/QALY. Studies funded by industry were more likely to report cost effectiveness ratios below $20 000/QALY (adjusted odds ratio 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 3.3), $50 000/QALY (3.2, 1.8 to 5.7), and $100 000/QALY (3.3, 1.6 to 6.8). Studies of higher methodological quality (adjusted odds ratio 0.58, 0.37 to 0.91) and those conducted in Europe (0.59, 0.33 to 1.1) and the United States (0.44, 0.26 to 0.76) rather than elsewhere were less likely to report ratios below $20 000/QALY. <b>Conclusion</b> Most published analyses report favourable incremental cost effectiveness ratios. Studies funded by industry were more likely to report ratios below the three thresholds. Studies of higher methodological quality and those conducted in Europe and the US rather than elsewhere were less likely to report ratios below $20 000/QALY.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Genotype Predicts Cardiac and Autonomic Responses to Prolonged Exercise
Authors: Euan A. Ashley, Attila Kardos, Ewan S. Jack, Walter Habenbacher, Mathew Wheeler, Young M. Kim, Jeffrey Froning, Jonathan Myers, Gregory Whyte, Victor Froelicher, Pamela Douglas
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Case Reports and Causality
Authors: Fred I. Gilbert
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters15 April 1994Case Reports and CausalityFred I. Gilbert, Jr., MDFred I. Gilbert, Jr., MDStraub Clinic and Hospital; Hanalulu, HI 96813Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-8-199404150-00026 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The authors of the computer-generated case–control study of acute liver disease associated with certain antibiotics [1] correctly stated that “case reports and case series suffer from the absence of a control group, making any causal relations difficult to determine”. It is also true that case–control studies done retrospectively from prospectively structured computer-stored data often do not permit the more creative insights that result from deeper analysis of individual cases.However, it was an intensive study of a single case in 1961 [2] and a review of similar case reports that led to the conclusion that esterification at ...References1. Carson JL, Strom BL, Duff A, Gupta A, Shaw M, Lundin FE, et al. Acute liver disease associated with erythromycins, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:576-83. Google Scholar2. Gilbert F. Cholestatic hepatitis caused by esters of erythromycin and oleandomycin. JAMA. 1962; 182:1048-50. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Straub Clinic and Hospital; Hanalulu, HI 96813 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 April 1994Volume 120, Issue 8Page: 696KeywordsAntibioticsCase seriesComputersDrugsErythromycinHepatitis AHypersensitivityLiver diseasesRetrospective studiesToxicity Issue Published: 15 April 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
STUDIES ON MENINGOCOCCAL INFECTION
Authors: A. E. O. Menzel, Geoffrey Rake
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1942)

From meningococcus Type II broth autolysates, a substance, corresponding to the protective antibody has been isolated. This substance, termed kappa substance, is firmly connected with protein but can be separated by the action of proteolytic enzymes. Methods of preparation and purification are given, together with chemical and serological data. In whole cells from young cultures, this substance is also connected with protein, especially with one protein fraction which requires highest alkali concentration to effect solution.
Notch Receptors and Smad3 Signaling Cooperate in the Induction of Interleukin-9-Producing T Cells
Authors: Wassim Elyaman, Ribal Bassil, Elizabeth M. Bradshaw, William Orent, Youmna Lahoud, Bing Zhu, Freddy Radtke, Hideo Yagita, Samia J. Khoury
Journal: Immunity (2012)