tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Pharmacology of Mescaline and D-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
Authors: George B. Koelle
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

DURING the last few years a great revival of interest has occurred in the search for a biochemical basis for schizophrenia and the other types of psychosis. There are several reasons for this. Modern laboratory technics permit the detection and accurate quantitation of substances in the blood and tissues for which satisfactory procedures were not available formerly. The discovery of a partially correctable biochemical defect in one type of mental deficiency, phenylketonuria,1 has encouraged the hope that other forms of mental disease may be explained in similar terms. Many investigators believe that the Freudian concepts, with their emphasis on the . . .
Homophobia among doctors
Authors: L Rose
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Homophobia creates stress for gay men and women. An interview study of 28 doctors, 20 gay and eight non-gay, was performed to assess whether homophobia is strong among the medical profession, the stress it causes, and whether the advent of AIDS and HIV infection has increased the stress. The doctors, recruited by word of mouth and by a letter in the medical and gay press, were asked about their own attitudes to homosexuality and AIDS. Only one (non-gay) doctor thought that there was no prejudice against gay doctors in the medical profession. The gay doctors certainly perceived prejudice, which they claimed caused them extra stress; the advent of AIDS had increased this stress to an extent. Doctors who had not openly declared themselves to be gay feared doing so because of the effect on their job prospects, but those who had declared themselves openly reported less stress than previously. Homophobia clearly exists within the medical profession. Non-gay doctors should use the power of the profession to challenge homophobia in the profession and in society. HIV infection could then be treated as a purely medical condition; sufferers would receive wider understanding and the pressures of extra workload could be more equally shared.
A dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, sitagliptin, exerts anti-inflammatory effects in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Noriko Satoh-Asahara, Yousuke Sasaki, Hiromichi Wada, Mayu Tochiya, Azusa Iguchi, Reiko Nakagawachi, Shinji Odori, Shigeo Kono, Koji Hasegawa, Akira Shimatsu
Journal: Metabolism (2012)
Mast cells squeeze the heart and stretch the gird: Their role in atherosclerosis and obesity
Authors: Theoharis C. Theoharides, Nikolaos Sismanopoulos, Danae-Anastasia Delivanis, Bodi Zhang, Erifili E. Hatziagelaki, Dimitrios Kalogeromitros
Journal: Trends in Pharmacological Sciences (2011)
Is there a genetic factor in flecainide toxicity?
Authors: A. G. Stuart, C. Wren, H. H. Bain
Journal: BMJ (1989)

surgeries and have reported our early findings.2We extended our study to include animals for slaughter.As Drs McCarthy and Zumla refer to the organism being difficult to culture it is appropriate to present our methods, which by using a selective medium make the isolation and recognition of DF-2 organisms comparatively easy.Cotton wool tipped swabs of incisor teeth and gingival margins were placed in Amies char- coal based transport medium for delivery to the laboratory, where they were cultured using brain- heart infusion agar (Difco) containing horse blood 5%, cysteine hydrochloride 0 5 g/l, kanamycin 25 mg/l, and vancomycin 1 mg/l.Plates were incubated in 95% air and 5% carbon dioxide in 95% relative humidity at 37°C and examined after three and five days.Under these conditions DF-2 grew after three days as smooth grey convex, circular colonies about 2-3 mm in diameter.Gram stained smears showed pleomorphic Gram negati-ve bacilli with tapering ends, filamentous organisms being commonly seen.The identity of suspected isolates was confirmed using methods similar to those of Weaver et aP3 with the addition of rapid enzyme tests.In addition to organisms that conformed to previous descriptions of DF-2 others were isolated that fermented glucose, maltose, lactose, sucrose, and usually raffinose and inulin.They are thus similar to the DF-2 like strains reported by Weaver et al.4Altogether 469 swabs were collected from dogs, cats, and other animals; the table shows the results.Isolation of DF-2 and DF-2 like organisms from oral swabs of domestic animals.Values are numbers (percentages) DF-2 like DF-2 organisms Total isolated isolated Dogs 180 44 (24) 20(11) Cats 249 42 (17) 19 (8) Pigs 13 Sheep 12 3 (25) Cattle 15 5 (33)
Pharmacists are to offer the pill in London pilot scheme
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Two primary care trusts in London are to become the first in the United Kingdom to offer the contraceptive pill from pharmacies in a pilot scheme to begin in mid-2009.

Lambeth and Southwark Primary Care Trusts are among the country’s top five trusts for rates of teenage pregnancy. They have been selected by the Department of Health to run the two year pilot, in which women and girls aged over 16 years will be able to get the pill over the counter.

Pharmacists will offer the pill under a “patient group direction,” where a doctor authorises other health professionals to supply …
Perinatal transmission of HIV-1
Authors: Y. Asakura
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —Dr Dickover and colleagues 1 clearly demonstrated that high maternal plasma human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)—1 RNA levels correlate with perinatal transmission, and zidovudine treatment decreases risks of maternal-to-fetus transmission through reduction of HIV-1 viral load estimated by maternal plasma RNA levels.  However, although the authors cited information about the influence of viral phenotype in HIV-1 infection, 2,3 recent reports have revealed the importance of monocyte-macrophage— tropic HIV-1 isolates for establishing infections. 4,5 Thus, their conclusion, without a consideration of maternal and fetal viral phenotypes on the risks of vertical transmission, is rather dangerous; these viral tropisms should be investigated and discussed at the same time.
Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Therapy Before Death
Authors: Annika Kinch Westerdahl, Johanna Sjöblom, Anne-Cathrine Mattiasson, Mårten Rosenqvist, Viveka Frykman
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background— Several trials have demonstrated improved survival with implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy. The cause and nature of death in the ICD population have been insufficiently investigated. The objective of this study was to analyze ICDs from deceased patients to assess the incidence of ventricular tachyarrhythmias, the occurrence of shocks, and possible device malfunction. Methods and Results— We prospectively analyzed intracardiac electrograms in 125 explanted ICDs. The incidence of ventricular tachyarrhythmia, including ventricular fibrillation, and shock treatment was assessed. Ventricular tachyarrhythmia occurred in 35% of the patients in the last hour of their lives; 24% had an arrhythmic storm, and 31% received shock treatment during the last 24 hours. Arrhythmic death was the primary cause of death in 13% of the patients, and the most common cause of death was congestive heart failure (37%). More than half of the patients (52%) had a do-not-resuscitate order, and 65% of them still had the ICD shock therapies activated 24 hours before death. Possible malfunctions of the ICD were found in 3% of all patients. Conclusions— More than one third of the patients had a ventricular tachyarrhythmia within the last hour of life. Cardiac death was the primary cause and heart failure the specific cause of death in the majority of the cases. Devices remained active in more than half of the patients with a do-not-resuscitate order; almost one fourth of these patients received at least 1 shock in the last 24 hours of life.
Hemodynamic Alterations in Hypertensive Patients Due to Chlorothiazide
Authors: Edward D. Frohlich, Harold W. Schnaper, Ilse M. Wilson, Edward D. Freis
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

ONLY two studies have been published that detail the changes in cardiac output after chlorothiazide.1 , 2 Other reports3 , 4 have alluded to the changes in cardiac output without tabulating any data. In the studies in which results were reported in detail, cardiac output was performed by the dye-dilution technic. Aleksandrow and his co-workers1 reported variable results in 7 hypertensive patients whereas Dustan and her associates2 demonstrated a consistent decrease. This communication reports on a series of hypertensive patients in whom cardiac output was measured before and after administration of chlorothiazide. In the majority of patients the direct Fick method was used, the . . .
CASE OF FATAL ANAEMIA PRESENTING SOME UNUSUAL BLOOD CHANGES
Authors: O. K. Williamson, E. W. Martin
Journal: BMJ (1902)

FATAL ANAEMIA.[MTuazB itxs 1139 Mesers, Burroughs and Wellcome inform me that the two lots of serum which we used were from different sources, but that both were prepared by aid of six different strains of streptococci from human subjects.
The timing of prednisolone dosage and its effect on morning stiffness in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: M De Silva, A Binder, B L Hazleman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1984)

Forty-one patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) maintained on low dose prednisolone (mean 5.8 mg) participated in a double-blind cross-over study to determine the effect of timing (morning or night) of prednisolone dosage on morning stiffness. Prednisolone given at night resulted in a significantly shorter duration of morning stiffness (p = 0.0001) than did an equivalent dose given in the morning.
Quantifying cerebral blood flow: regional regulation with global implications
Authors: Scott A. Small
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

In 1948, Seymour S. Kety and Carl F. Schmidt published back-to-back papers in the JCI that are widely acknowledged as landmarks. Upon publication, the studies resolved a century-old debate, irrefutably demonstrating that cerebral blood flow is regionally regulated. The reported findings turned out to be so powerful in their implications that they provided the inspirational spark that illuminated a brand-new field: functional brain imaging. Thus these papers are landmarks of the rarest kind, not only ending a controversy, but also giving birth to one of the most exciting fields within modern day neuroscience.
Short-term immunotherapy: A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study of molecular standardized grass and rye allergens in patients with grass pollen-induced allergic rhinitis☆☆☆★
Authors: Hans Peter Zenner, Claus Baumgarten, Gerd Rasp, Gert Kunkel, Bettina Hauswald, Johannes Ring, Isaak Effendy, Wolfram Behrendt, Peter J. Frosch, Bernhard Przybilla
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (1997)
Cardiac impairment or heart failure?: What do patients really think?
Authors: Kate H Field, Ann McPherson
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The release of the government's latest report on health inequalities on 11 August was curious. 1 2 Reminiscent of the covert release of the Black report on August bank holiday in 1980, the report appeared when the minister for public health was on holiday and her deputy unavailable. Personal trainersIn July 2003 the government stated that there would be an annual report from the Department of Health on health inequality indicators related to the health inequality targets.Nothing appeared for more than two years, although the data that were eventually released had been available for some time, 3 and when they did appear it was, conveniently, after the election.Even stranger, the press release for the latest report deflected attention from the key finding of widening inequalities in life expectancy and infant mortality by headlining the 12 "early adopter sites" with their "health trainers." 4 The minister said, "Many people have difficulty in changing to a healthier way of life . . .Health trainers are one of the many initiatives in the white paper which will help narrow this gap by supporting people to make healthier choices in their daily lives." 4 To Labour traditionalists, opposed to victim blaming approaches to health promotion, this may have triggered memories of Conservative minister Edwina Currie admonishing the poor to buy cheap but healthy food.To New Labour, however, it may be grist to the mill.
Argon plasma coagulation, bipolar cautery, and cryotherapy: ABC's of ablative techniques
Authors: J. Dumot, B. Greenwald
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

A variety of endoscopic ablation modalities are available for the treatment of Barrett's esophagus. Multiple studies have evaluated the use of argon plasma coagulation, mostly in nondysplastic Barrett's esophagus. Significant variations in technique, end points, and follow-up exist between studies, but in most cases argon plasma coagulation is associated with unacceptable rates of persistent intestinal metaplasia and recurrence after completion of treatment. In addition, serious adverse events including perforation and stricture formation are reported. Multipolar electrocoagulation has been studied less thoroughly, but in prospective trials significant rates of persistent and recurrent intestinal metaplasia have also been reported. Lasers and heater probes have been tried in small numbers. Endoscopic cryotherapy ablation is a relatively new technique with studies focusing on high-grade dysplasia and early-stage cancer in high-risk patients. It has an acceptable safety profile, and early results show response in a significant number of patients in whom other modalities have failed.
State of the Science
Authors: Barbara Riegel, Debra K. Moser, Stefan D. Anker, Lawrence J. Appel, Sandra B. Dunbar, Kathleen L. Grady, Michelle Z. Gurvitz, Edward P. Havranek, Christopher S. Lee, JoAnn Lindenfeld, Pamela N. Peterson, Susan J. Pressler, Douglas D. Schocken, David J. Whellan
Journal: Circulation (2009)

S elf-care is advocated as a method of improving outcomes from heart failure (HF), the final common pathway for several prevalent illnesses, including hypertension and coronary artery disease.HF is widespread in aging populations across the world. 1 The burden of HF is manifested in poor quality of life (QOL) 2,3 and early mortality. 4In addition, there are Ͼ3 million ambulatory care and emergency department visits 5 and well over 1 million hospitalizations for HF in the United States annually, 6 which contributes to the exorbitant costs associated with HF.Much of this healthcare utilization is thought to be preventable if patients engage in consistent self-care. 7,8his scientific statement seeks to highlight concepts and evidence important to the understanding and promotion of self-care in persons with HF.Specifically, the document describes what is known about (1) the self-care behaviors required of HF patients, (2) factors that make self-care challenging for patients, (3) interventions that promote selfcare, and (4) the effect of self-care on HF outcomes.The review ends with evidence-based recommendations for clinicians and direction for future research.The American Heart Association makes every effort to avoid any actual or potential conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of an outside relationship or a personal, professional, or business interest of a member of the writing panel.Specifically, all members of the writing group are required to complete and submit a Disclosure Questionnaire showing all such relationships that might be perceived as real or potential conflicts of interest.
Hemodynamic Effects of Nitroglycerin in Patients with Angina Pectoris Studied by an Atrial Pacing Method
Authors: M. H. FRICK, R. BALCON, D. CROSS, E. SOWTON
Journal: Circulation (1968)

The hemodynamic effects of nitroglycerin on 20 patients with coronary arterial disease were assessed by using atrial pacing to invoke angina pectoris. This new technique also permitted study of the hemodynamics during pain without the interference of the effects of muscular exercise on the heart affected by coronary artery disease. The pain threshold of each patient was determined by successive pacing runs and the effects of nitroglycerin were evaluated both before and during the pacing up to the level of pain. With regard to the circulatory status at pain an abnormally elevated pulmonary capillary venous "wedge" pressure was an infrequent phenomenon. This difference from the data of studies in which muscular exercise is used is briefly discussed. Sublingual nitroglycerin decreased aortic, pulmonary arterial, right atrial, and pulmonary capillary venous pressures. Stroke volume and cardiac output were reduced and this reduction was accompanied by a compensatory rise in heart rate. Tension-time index was reduced and during pacing at identical rates never reached the level at which angina pectoris was experienced before nitroglycerin. End-diastolic heart size as estimated from conventional chest roentgenograms was reduced by nitroglycerin at every pacing step in all six patients studied by this method. The conclusions were that at all heart rates studied nitroglycerin (a) decreased atrial pressures, (b) decreased heart size, (c) caused peripheral vasodilatation, and (d) allowed the heart to be driven at a higher rate without production of anginal pain. These hemodynamic changes reflect a decreased oxygen requirement of the heart and are consistent with the pain-relieving properties of nitroglycerin.
Eating Disorders and Psychiatric Morbidity in Patients with Diabetes mellitus
Authors: G.G. Lloyd, J.M. Steel, R.J. Young
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1987)

The role of psychological factors in diabetes mellitus is discussed, with particular reference to the influence of eating disorders. The paper describes a prevalence study of eating disorders in outpatients with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM) and a controlled questionnaire study of eating attitudes in a similar population. These studies suggest there is a genuine association between eating disorders and IDDM.
Colestipol and Probucol: Treatment of Primary and Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Amelioration of Atherosclerosis
Authors: CHARLES J. GLUECK
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1982)

Colestipol is a safe, effective, cholesterol-lowering, bileacid sequestrant that lowers low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) and total plasma cholesterol levels without consistently affecting high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. Long-term colestipol therapy in conjunction with diet may reduce xanthoma size, arrest progression of coronary artery atherosclerosis, and may reduce mortality from coronary heart disease. Probucol, a bisphenol cholesterol-lowering drug, is an effective cholesterol-lowering agent that reduces levels of LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and apoprotein A-1, the major apolipoprotein of HDL. Because HDL cholesterol is independently and inversely associated with development of coronary heart disease, the ramifications of simultaneous lowering of LDL and HDL cholesterol levels by probucol treatment need further study. Long-term, placebo-controlled studies of repetitive coronary arteriography, coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality, or both are needed to ascertain the efficacy of long-term probucol use in relation to development of atherosclerosis.
Body density differences between negro and caucasian professional football players
Authors: J. Adams, K. M. Bagnall, K. D. McFadden, M. Mottola
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1981)

Other workers have shown that the bone density for the average negro is greater than for the average caucasian. This would lead to greater values of body density for the average negro but it is confused because the average negro has a different body form (and consequently different proportions of body components) compared with the average caucasian. This study of body density of a group of professional Canadian football players investigates whether or not to separate negroes from caucasians when considering the formation of regression equations for prediction of body density. Accordingly, a group of 7 negroes and 7 caucasians were matched somatotypically and a comparison was made of their body density values obtained using a hydrostatic weighing technique and a closed-circuit helium dilution technique for measuring lung volumes. The results show that if somatotype is taken into account then no significant difference in body density values is found between negro and caucasian professional football players. The players do not have to be placed in separate groups but it remains to be seen whether or not these results apply to general members of the population.
FADS AND "ADS."
Authors: W. P. HOWLE
Journal: JAMA (1896)

Who is there, these days, without a "fad"? Every man has at least one, some have many, whether they know it or not. Doctors are especially prone to this trouble. One doctor's fad is writing and reading articles for his medical society, another doctor's fad is to object to everything written or said. I know a doctor whose fad is fine horses. He thinks a doctor without a fine horse is no doctor at all. I know another doctor whose fad is a cleanly office, and he is disgusted with any doctor who does not keep his office clean. I know another doctor whose fad is to have an office in such a condition that all are disgusted who enter it. Iodoform or carbolic acid is the first thing you smell, and dirt is found in and upon everything he handles. If asked why he indulges this fad, he claims
Alfa-2a recombinant interferon in HIV associated thrombocytopenia.
Authors: M E Ellis, K R Neal, C L Leen, A C Newland
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Alfa-2a recombinant interferon in HIV associated thrombocytopeniaWe report a case of thrombocytopenia associated with human immuno- deficiency virus (HIV) infection that was treated with interferon.Case report
Severe Fungal Infections Linked to Drugs
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2008)

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Bioengineered transplantable porcine livers with re-endothelialized vasculature
Authors: In Kap Ko, Li Peng, Andrea Peloso, Charesa J Smith, Abritee Dhal, Daniel B Deegan, Cindy Zimmerman, Cara Clouse, Weixin Zhao, Thomas D Shupe, Shay Soker, James J Yoo, Anthony Atala
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Financing Maternal and Child Health—What Are the Limitations in Estimating Donor Flows and Resource Needs?
Authors: Marco Schäferhoff, Christina Schrade, Gavin Yamey
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

Marco Schäferhoff and colleagues critique funding estimates for the maternal and child health Millennium Development Goals, and make recommendations for improving the tracking of financing flows and estimating the costs of scaling up interventions for mothers and children.