tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
There is more to thinking than propositions
Authors: Derek C. Penn, Patricia W. Cheng, Keith J. Holyoak, John E. Hummel, Daniel J. Povinelli
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Abstract We are big fans of propositions. But we are not big fans of the “propositional approach” proposed by Mitchell et al. The authors ignore the critical role played by implicit, non-inferential processes in biological cognition, overestimate the work that propositions alone can do, and gloss over substantial differences in how different kinds of animals and different kinds of cognitive processes approximate propositional representations.
Historic Derivations of Modern Psychiatry
Authors: Marjorie C. Meehan
Journal: JAMA (1967)

This collection of eight essays originally presented at a seminar, makes no claim to being a systematic history of psychiatry. In his introduction, Galdston expresses his belief that history is neither consistent nor predictable, but happens in paradoxical and divergent ways which, however, have hapible reasons. He complains that too much of medical history written in the past 100 years has been a picture of steady progress made by a few heroic figures. In the present book we have, instead, reports of some of the inconsistent developments, described by authors who, through their own interest in these special topics, succeed in interesting their readers.  Charlton shows how Greek thought, especially in the Hippocratic writings and in Plato, have influenced modern psychiatric thought, and Galdston discusses medical ideas. Mental hospitals, from the Middle Ages to the 19th century, are described by Mora. Riese, tracing attempts to solve the body-mind problem, gives
Rabbit ear model of injury-induced arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. Kinetics, reproducibility, and implications.
Authors: S Banai, M Shou, R Correa, M T Jaklitsch, P C Douek, R F Bonner, S E Epstein, E F Unger
Journal: Circulation Research (1991)

Recently, considerable interest has focused on the vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) response to injury, particularly as it relates to restenosis after angioplasty. In an effort to find an optimal experimental model of arterial SMC proliferation after injury, we examined the effects of external injury to the central artery of the rabbit ear and assessed the reproducibility, morphological changes, and time course of cellular proliferation after such an injury. With rabbits under general anesthesia, direct pressure was applied at two sites along the central artery of the ears of 19 New Zealand White rabbits. Rabbits were maintained on a diet of 2.4% fat and 0.001% cholesterol throughout the experiment. In seven rabbits examined after 21 days, marked SMC proliferation with neointimal formation was observed at all 28 sites (100%). Mean neointimal area, expressed as a percentage of the area of the tunica media, was 82 +/- 40% (range, 21-203%). Compared with the uninvolved artery displaced 2 mm from the injury site, mechanical crush caused a 38% increase in total vessel area (p less than 0.001), a 40% decrease in luminal area (p less than 0.002), and no change in the area of the media. Serial histological studies were performed 1-42 days after injury, using light and electron microscopy and bromodeoxyuridine immunohistochemistry. Beginning at day 3, activated medial SMCs were noted to migrate through defects in the internal elastic membrane, with a gradual increase in neointimal area between days 5 and 12. Peak DNA synthesis was identified in the media 5 days after injury, with proliferative activity shifting almost exclusively to the neointima thereafter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Anterior Marginal Articular Fracture of Distal Radius
Authors: Otto E. Aufranc
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Dr. John Larkin: A 38-year-old white male laborer was involved in an automobile collision and was thrust against the instrument panel of his vehicle. The back of his wrist struck the panel and the patient reports that his wrist was palmar flexed forcibly at the time of his injury. He sustained a contusion of the scalp and a fractured wrist. Examination in the emergency ward at the Massachusetts General Hospital showed no evidence of brain damage or significant systemic injury. X-ray films showed a volar marginal fracture of the distal articular surface of the radius with anterior subluxation of the distal fragment and of the carpal bones (Fig 1). An axillary block was performed and reduction of the fracture was attempted. The wrist was positioned in 25° of wrist dorsiflexion and neutral forearm rotation, as is recommended in most standard fracture textbooks. Follow-up x-ray films showed persistent anterior subluxation of
Relationship between the coenzyme A and the carnitine pools in human skeletal muscle at rest and after exhaustive exercise under normoxic and acutely hypoxic conditions.
Authors: R Friolet, H Hoppeler, S Krähenbühl
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Skeletal muscle CoA and carnitine metabolism were investigated in six human volunteers at rest and after exhaustive exercise under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. In comparison to the values at rest, exhaustive exercise was associated with a three- to fourfold increase in the skeletal muscle lactate, and with a twofold increase in the acetyl-CoA content, both under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Since exercise did not significantly affect the skeletal muscle CoA radical (CoASH), total acid-soluble, or total CoA contents, the increase in the acetyl-CoA content was at the expense of short-chain acyl-CoAs different from acetyl-CoA. With exhaustive exercise, the skeletal muscle acetylcarnitine and short-chain acylcarnitine contents increased by a factor of three to four both under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. In contrast to the CoA pool, these increases were associated with a decrease in the free carnitine content, whereas the total acid-soluble and total carnitine contents were not affected by exercise. After exhaustive exercise, the skeletal muscle acetyl-CoA/CoASH ratio showed a linear correlation with the corresponding acetylcarnitine/free carnitine ratio. The plasma short-chain acylcarnitine concentration increased by a factor of two to three during exercise, and was not significantly different from the values at rest 40 min after completion of exercise. Thus, the current studies illustrate the close interaction between the CoA and carnitine pools in the exercising human skeletal muscle, and they underscore the important role of carnitine in maintaining the muscular CoASH content during exhaustive exercise.
Early Increase of Oxidative Stress and Reduced Antioxidant Defenses in Patients With Uncomplicated Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Giampiero Marra, Patrizia Cotroneo, Dario Pitocco, Andrea Manto, Mauro A.S. Di Leo, Valeria Ruotolo, Salvatore Caputo, Bruno Giardina, Giovanni Ghirlanda, Stefano A. Santini
Journal: Diabetes Care (2002)

OBJECTIVE—Diabetes increases the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) to a greater extent in women than in men. We investigated whether type 1 diabetic patients with short duration of disease and without complications have an altered oxidative status and whether there are differences between men and women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We investigated oxidative status in 29 control subjects and 37 patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes with duration of 6 ± 3 years. RESULTS—Compared with control subjects, type 1 diabetic patients had lower total plasma antioxidant capacity (TRAP) (720.3 ± 111.2 vs. 972.5 ± 97.7 μmol/l in men, P &amp;lt; 0.001; 579.8 ± 95.4 vs. 930.1 ± 84.2 in women, P &amp;lt; 0.001), higher lipid hydroperoxide (ROOH) levels (6.4 ± 2.2 vs. 2.0 ± 0.7 μmol/l in men, P &amp;lt; 0.001; 8.1 ± 1.9 vs. 2.2 ± 0.6 in women, P &amp;lt; 0.001), higher total conjugated diene (CD) levels (0.037 ± 0.003 vs. 0.033 ± 0.002 A.U. in men, P &amp;lt; 0.001), lower 246-nm CD levels (0.0032.± 0.0010 vs. 0.0070 ± 0.0012 A.U. in men, P &amp;lt; 0.001; 0.0022 ± 0.0011 vs. 0.0072 ± 0.0014 A.U. in women, P &amp;lt; 0.001), and higher 232-nm CD levels (0.0348 ± 0.0041 vs. 0.0257 ± 0.0022 A.U. in men, P &amp;lt; 0.001; 0.0346 ± 0.0031 vs. 0.0246 ± 0.0074 A.U. in women, P &amp;lt; 0.001). Compared with diabetic men, diabetic women had lower TRAP (P &amp;lt; 0.01), higher ROOH levels (P &amp;lt; 0.01), and lower 246-nm CD levels (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Plasma concentration of uric acid was significantly lower in patients with type 1 diabetes than in control subjects (3.3 ± 0.3 vs. 4.3 ± 0.2 mg/dl; P = 0.009) with a significant difference between women and men with type 1 diabetes (2.6 ± 0.3 vs. 3.9 ± 0.3, respectively; P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS—Our findings suggest that reduced antioxidant activity and increased oxidative stress occur early after the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, especially in women, and this might explain, at least in part, the increased susceptibility of diabetic women to cardiovascular complications.
899 SHORTENED HEPATOCYTE TELOMERES AND INCREASED HEPATOCYTE NUCLEAR AREA IN PATIENTS WITH α-1 ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY USING QUANTITATIVE FLUORESCENT IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION (Q.-FISH)
Authors: M. Mela, D. Aravinthan, P. Tachtatzis, S. Verma, S. Davies, S. Penrhyn-Lowe, N. Coleman, G. Alexander
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
SINGLE DOSE IMMUNIZATION AGAINST SCARLET FEVER
Authors: W. P. Larson
Journal: JAMA (1928)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, Dec. 17, 1927, the question is asked as to the present status of the single dose immunization against scarlet fever with ricinoleated toxin. In the reply the statement is made that "it is hardly to be expected that the addition of a 'detoxifying' agent will increase the immunizing properties of a toxin." This statement, I believe, is misleading. The purpose of a detoxifying agent is not to step up the immunizing properties of a toxin but rather to make it possible to give toxin in sufficient dosage to stimulate immunization processes. The antitoxin in the toxin-antitoxin mixtures used to immunize against diphtheria is nothing other than a detoxifying agent. Without the use of antitoxin it would be impossible to give diphtheritic toxin in sufficient dosage to stimulate immunity, because of the severe reaction that would result. The anatoxin of Ramon as well as toxoid
Thalassaemia, iron, and pregnancy.
Authors: U M Hegde, S Khunda, G W MArsh, G H Hart, J M White
Journal: BMJ (1975)

Haematological values of 35 pregnant women with beta-thalassaemia trait were followed during pregnancy. The discriminant function, calculated from haematological indices, was of no value in diagnosing beta-thalassaemia trait during pregnancy. Initially patients were given iron supplements only if the serum iron and total iron binding capacity levels indicated iron deficiency, but bone marrow biopsies performed in the first 22 patients at 32 weeks indicated deficient iron stores. These patients were therefore given iron irrespective of their serum iron level. All subsequent patients with beta-thalassaemia were also put on iron routinely at booking. Retrospectively the patients were divided into two groups. Patients in group 1 (18 patients) had received iron for less than 12 weeks, and their haemoglobin levels fell significantly during pregnancy (P less than 0-001). Haemoglobin levels in 16 patients who had received iron for more than 12 weeks (group 2), however, did not fall significantly during pregnancy (P less than 0-6). It is suggested (contrary to common practice) that patients with beta-thalassaemia trait should be given iron supplements during pregnancy. Serum folate and vitamin B12 levels did not change significantly in these patients and there was no increase in the incidence of maternal or fetal complications.
Keeping the cat out of the bag: a hazard in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
Authors: A J Makin, K A Cartwright, R A Banks
Journal: BMJ (1991)

Heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure during the match of one supporter watching his team lose 1-3 Kick offHalf time Full time Score: 0-1 0-2 0-3 1-3
Anatomy Teaching May Benefit From Combination of Tissue Preparation, Imaging, Animation
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1988)

INCORPORATING A TECHNIQUE pioneered by artists at the Walt Disney Studios, investigators at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center in Denver have constructed three-dimensional pictures of the human body. The method employs computer-based imaging, an animation procedure, and a new method of freezing and cutting tissue. Among others developing this field are University of Washington researchers in Seattle. Use of this technique will revolutionize the way gross anatomy is taught to medical students and may also help radiologists and others make better diagnoses, predicts one of its medical developers, Karl H. Pfenninger, MD, chair of Colorado's Department of Cellular and Structural Biology. To create the new images, an anatomic specimen is embedded in gelatin and frozen to —70°C. Then it is sliced into sections 0.25 to 0.5 mm thick with a specially modified bandsaw. As each section is planed off, the surfaces are photographed. Colors are assigned to specific
Homage to delirium
Authors: C. J Wilson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

I recently started a fellowship in geriatric medicine at a large academic facility, and it was with some trepidation that I saw the list of my patients for the next two years—“dean of this,” “professor of that.” Fresh from residency in a community based hospital, I felt as if these figures from medical school clinical examinations had come back to haunt me.

And then “professor of that” was admitted to hospital. I spent some time with this retired medical school dean, when he entertained us with his past glories. I did not expect him to succumb to a delirium so shortly after admission. Perhaps part of me failed to accept that a great academic figure could so rapidly become just like the other frail, grey souls struggling with reality in their hospital beds.

As we …
Regulation of glucose transport in the NIH 3T3 L1 preadipocyte cell line by TCDD.
Authors: H Olsen, E Enan, F Matsumura
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

This study examined the changes in cellular glucose uptake induced by 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) as measured by quantification of intracellular radioactivity in the NIH 3T3 L1 preadipocyte cell line after a 30-minute incubation with the non-metabolizable radioactive analogue of glucose, 3-O-methyl-D-[1-3H] glucose. Treatment of differentiated NIH 3T3 L1 cells with TCDD produced a time- and dose-dependent decrease in the cellular uptake of glucose. Treatment of cells for 3 hr with 10(-8) M TCDD significantly reduced glucose uptake to about 10% of control values (p </= 0.05). Furthermore, cytochalasin B, a specific inhibitor of facilitative glucose transporter proteins totally abolished the portion of glucose transport activity that is sensitive to TCDD. The role of the Ah receptor in TCDD-mediated reduction in glucose uptake was investigated. Pretreatment of 3T3 L1 cells with the Ah receptor blocker 4,7-phenanthroline antagonized the effect of TCDD on glucose uptake. Structure-activity relationship studies with TCDD and two polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners revealed a rank order for their potency in the inhibition of glucose transport as follows: TCDD <<3,3',4,4' tetrachlorobiphenyl <2,2',5,5' tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB). Such a rank order correlates both with previously determined biological activity of TCDD and the more active 3,3',4,4'- and less active 2,2',5,5'-TCB and with affinity for binding to the Ah receptor. The thyroid hormone T4, like TCDD, reduced glucose uptake and blocked the action of TCDD to further reduce glucose uptake. Experimental evidence is consistent with a proposed mechanism for TCDD to reduce the titer of functional glucose transporter proteins through its interaction with the Ah receptor.
BILATERAL NECROSIS OF THE CORNEA FOLLOWING THE USE OF HAIR DYE ON THE EYEBROWS AND LASHES
Authors: Charles T. Moran
Journal: JAMA (1934)

There have recently been a number of case reports demonstrating the harmful results following the use of hair dye on the eyebrows and lashes. I am presenting this case not to advocate any type of treatment but merely to add one more case to the already fast growing list and to impress the importance of determining whether or not a person is sensitive to a particular dye before using this harmful procedure. This case report concerns a woman, aged 66, who has had her eyebrows and lashes dyed many times. On April 15, 1933, she used a new preparation known as the Godefroy French Hair Coloring (Larieuse), which contains paraphenylenediamine. Immediately afterward her eyes began to itch. She consulted me three days later, at which time she had a conjunctivitis. I prescribed for her and did not see her again for two days. During this time the itching became more
Concurrent presentation of erythrocytic and megakaryocytic aplasia
Authors: Brian F. Canavan, Richard D. Huhn, Hugh C. Kim, Martin Kosmin, Wendy Sheay, Parvin Saidi
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1996)

A case of a patient presenting with idiopathic concurrent erythrocytic and megakaryocytic aplasia is reported. The patient's response to immunosuppressive therapy and her bone marrow pathology clearly suggest an immune mechanism. Based on the lack of suppression of erythroid colony growth, several mechanisms are postulated. Well-established molecular and genetic evidence, along with clinical observations, suggests that a relationship exists between the erythrocytic and megakaryocytic cell lines. This may be related to a common bipotential stem cell or common cell surface markers. This case provides strong clinical evidence to support this relationship. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
CLIC4, ERp29, and Smac/DIABLO Derived from Metastatic Cancer Stem–like Cells Stratify Prognostic Risks of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yong-Jian Deng, Na Tang, Chao Liu, Jiang-Yu Zhang, Sheng-Li An, Yin-Li Peng, Li-Li Ma, Guang-Qiu Li, Qiang Jiang, Chun-Ting Hu, Ya-Nan Wang, Yao-Ze Liang, Xiu-Wu Bian, Wei-Gang Fang, Yan-Qing Ding
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2014)

Cancer stem-like cells have been well accepted to be involved in recurrence and metastasis of cancers, but the prognostic potential of biomarkers integrating with metastasis and cancer stem-like cells for colorectal cancer is unclear.We identified three proteins, CLIC4, ERp29, and Smac/DIABLO, from metastatic cancer stem-like cells of colorectal cancer and verified the proteins' role in metastatic behaviors. The proteins were detected by IHC in colorectal cancer tumors and matched colonic mucosa from patients with colorectal cancer who underwent radical surgery in the training cohort. The associations between proteins expression levels and five-year disease-specific survival (DSS) were evaluated to predict the survival probability in the training cohort of 421 cases and the validation cohort of 228 cases.A three-protein panel including CLIC4, ERp29, and Smac/DIABLO, which was generated from multivariate analysis by excluding clinicopathologic characteristics from the training cohort, distinguished patients with colorectal cancer into very low-, low-, middle-, and high-risk groups with significant differences in five-year DSS probability (88.6%, 63.3%, 30.4%, 11.4%; P < 0.001). The panel is independent from tumor-node-metastasis staging system and histologic grading to predict prognosis, and also enables classification of validation cohort into four risk stratifications (five-year DSS probability is 98.2%, 80.2%, 25.6%, and 2.7%; P < 0.001).CLIC4, ERp29, and Smac/DIABLO integrated into a novel panel based on cancer stem-like cells in association with metastasis stratify the prognostic risks of colorectal cancer. Prediction of risks with molecular markers will benefit clinicians to make decisions of individual management with postoperative colorectal cancer patients.
Human error and systems failure caused IVF mix up
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2004)

A combination of “inadvertent human error and systems failure” caused a mix up in in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment that led to the birth of mixed race twins to a white couple in the north of England, an official report concluded this week.

An investigation commissioned by the Department of Health made more than 100 recommendations to tighten up procedures governing the provision of infertility services, in a report that criticises the government and the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, which regulates clinics.

The inquiry, led by Professor Brian Toft, was set up in July 2002 after four mishaps at two clinics run by the Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust. …
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis: Three-Year Experience at One Center
Authors: Karl D. Nolph, Michael Sorkin, Jack Rubin, Dariush Arfania, Barbara Prowant, Leonor Fruto, Dee Kennedy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Three years of clinical experience with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis are summarized. Serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, hematocrit, nerve conduction velocity, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, serum proteins, and electrolytes have been maintained in acceptable ranges. Peritonitis, although reduced in incidence because of solutions in plastic bags and a new adapter, is still a problem. Excessive carbohydrate absorption, obesity, and high serum triglyceride concentrations may be long-term problems in some patients.
NICE approves trastuzumab for early stage breast cancer
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Plans for a radical overhaul of the system of coroner's courts in England and Wales have been announced by the government.Harriet Harman, minister for constitutional affairs, said the Coroner Reform Bill would do away with the "postcode lottery" of the current system, in which many bereaved people were left feeling "like spectators."Campaigners and doctors' leaders welcomed the draft bill's commitment to national standards, greater court powers, and dedicated medical advice for coroners.They warned, however, that the plans might not be enough to protect the public from a repeat of cases such as the Harold Shipman killings.The draft bill rejects some recommendations from Janet Smith's official inquiry into the Shipman killings, including her call for all death certificates to be independently verified.As a
The Problem of Bioassay and Comparative Potency of Diuretics
Authors: RALPH V. FORD, CHARLES L. SPURR, JOHN H. MOYER
Journal: Circulation (1957)

Oral diuretic agents are widely used with but little information concerning their relative diuretic and toxic effects. A method is reported here for the bioassay of oral diuretic agents so that their comparative potency may be established. Four carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are compared by this method.
Teichoic Acid Antibodies in Staphylococcal and Nonstaphylococcal Endocarditis
Authors: JACKSON G. CROWDER
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

The prevalence of precipitating antibodies to ribitol teichoic acids in serums from patients with staphylococcal endocarditis and with endocarditis caused by other organisms was studied by double diffusion in agar gel plates. Serums from 14 of 15 patients with Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis contained teichoic acid antibodies. All serums obtained 4 or more days after onset of symptoms were positive. Precipitin tests were positive in most patients with positive blood cultures and in all those whose cultures had become negative with therapy. Teichoic-acid precipitins bands were visible 4 to 7 hours after antigens and serums were added to gel-diffusion plates. Precipitins were not found in serums from 75 patients without endocarditis or staphylococcal infection or in serums from 22 patients with nonstaphylococcal endocarditis. Precipitins were found, however, in serums from two of four patients with endocarditis caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci.