tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-6 functions as an intracellular growth factor in hairy cell leukemia in vitro.
Authors: B Barut, D Chauhan, H Uchiyama, K C Anderson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the growth of B cell derived hairy cell leukemia (HCL) was characterized. Purified hairy cells (HCs) did not increase DNA synthesis in vitro in response to exogenous IL-6; however, they expressed IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) mRNA and bound directly fluorochrome labeled IL-6. IL-6 mRNA was not detectable in tumor cells by Northern blotting, but was evident using PCR amplification. Although intracytoplasmic IL-6 protein was not demonstrable, HCs did secrete low levels of IL-6. Neutralizing antibody to IL-6 did not inhibit HC DNA synthesis. Since tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a growth factor for HCL, we determined whether the TNF effect could be IL-6-mediated. TNF markedly augmented in vitro DNA synthesis by HCs. TNF did not alter IL-6R expression or IL-6 binding; however, IL-6 mRNA and IL-6 protein were detectable after 3-d culture of HCs with TNF. In addition, IL-6 secretion by HCs was markedly augmented by TNF. Finally, although neither IL-6 nor anti-IL-6 antibody altered TNF-induced DNA synthesis by HCs, IL-6 antisense oligonucleotide inhibited TNF-induced DNA synthesis and IL-6 secretion by HCs. Therefore, IL-6 does not directly affect the growth of HCL, but rather mediates TNF-induced DNA synthesis via an intracytoplasmic mechanism.
Points: Treatment of watering eye
Authors: J H Kelsey
Journal: BMJ (1980)

entitled to private practice, . . .which is an important part of their income. . . .Private hospitals occupy an important position in the health service, and without their facilities it is unlikely that the state system could operate without substantial delays and waiting lists....There is peaceful coexistence between public and private systems; they operate side by side, without difficulty, and the Government gives every encouragement to citizens to use private facilities to the maximum.... Patients . . .who opt for private facilities receive a subsidy."(All the italics are mine.)These quotations are from a description of the health care system in the Irish Republic (by Mr R M Graham of the Voluntary Health Insurance Board in Dublin), which by coincidence reached me today also.The Englishman by tradition has derided the capability of the Irishman to think clearly.But it seems to me that the boot is on the other foot in this case.If any should say that this is all very well but such a sensible mixture of provision for those in need, with a subsidy for self-help, could not ever be accepted here, my reply is that there is abundant and consistent evidence, in repeated public opinion polls, that the majority-regardless of party or trade urion membership-are not ill disposed to a symbiotic health care system of this nature.
Some Observations on Acclimatization to High Altitude
Authors: Charles S. Houston
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1955)

LESS than fifty years ago serious doubts were voiced that man could survive a night spent at 20,000 feet, or climb above 23,000 feet. Each decade has pushed this limit higher and higher until now, with the highest mountains on earth climbed, it is known that well acclimatized men can reach 28,250 feet without supplementary oxygen, and can probably climb even to the summit of the earth, 29,140 feet, breathing only the ambient air. But one should note the word "acclimatized" — it is crucial. For if a man were taken suddenly to the summit of Everest from sea level . . .
Intracellular remodelling of Ca2+ stores in pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Jesus Prieto-Lloret, Philip I. Aaronson
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2014)

This editorial refers to ‘Stretch-induced Ca2+ signalling in vascular smooth muscle cells depends on Ca2+ store segregation’ by G. Gilbert et al. , pp. 313–323, this issue. 

The low resistance of the pulmonary circulation, a function of its unique structure and regulation, normally allows it to accept the entire cardiac output in the pulmonary vascular bed while maintaining an internal pressure that is low enough to prevent pulmonary oedema. In pulmonary hypertension (PH), however, pulmonary vascular resistance can increase enormously due to structural remodelling and abnormalities in the regulation of pulmonary artery (PA) diameter. Both changes are driven, at least in part, by increases in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in PA smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). This is associated with the up-regulation of multiple pathways mediating the influx of Ca2+ into these cells.1 [Ca2+]i, however, is not determined by Ca2+ influx alone; there is recent evidence2 that the expression of SERCA2a, which mediates Ca2+ uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), is decreased in PASMCs from humans with PH.

An elegant study by Gilbert et al. 3 in the current issue of Cardiovascular Research now demonstrates that the abnormalities in intracellular Ca2+ handling in PH go well beyond SERCA; they find that two animal models of PH exhibit a re-organization of intracellular Ca2+ stores of …
Factors Related to Perceived Diabetes Control Are Not Related to Actual Glucose Control for Minority Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Lisa M. McAndrew, Carol R. Horowitz, Kristie J. Lancaster, Howard Leventhal
Journal: Diabetes Care (2010)

OBJECTIVE To examine variables associated with perceived diabetes control compared with an objective measure of glucose control (A1C). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Beliefs about diabetes were assessed among 334 individuals with diabetes living in a primarily low-income, minority, urban neighborhood. Regression analyses tested associations between disease beliefs and both participants' perceptions of control and actual control (A1C). RESULTS Poorer perceived diabetes control was associated with perceiving a greater impact of diabetes, greater depressive symptoms, not following a diabetic diet, A1C, and a trend toward less exercise. Variables associated with better actual control (A1C) included higher BMI, older age, and not using insulin. CONCLUSIONS Patients' perceptions of their diabetes control are informed by subjective diabetes cues (e.g., perceived impact of diabetes and adherence to a diabetic diet), which are not related to A1C. Clinicians should take into account what cues patients are using to assess their diabetes control.
Growth Rate of Lung Function in Healthy Preterm Infants
Authors: Luciana Friedrich, Paulo M. C. Pitrez, Renato T. Stein, Marcelo Goldani, Robert Tepper, Marcus H. Jones
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2007)

It remains unclear whether premature birth, in the absence of neonatal respiratory disease, results in abnormal growth and development of the lung. We previously reported that a group of healthy infants born at 32-34 weeks' gestation and without respiratory complications had decreased forced expiratory flows and normal forced vital capacities at 2 months of age.Our current study evaluated whether these healthy infants born prematurely exhibited improvement or "catch-up" in their lung function during the second year of life.Longitudinal measurements of forced expiratory flows by the raised volume rapid thoracic compression technique were obtained in the first and the second years of life for infants born prematurely at 32.7 (range, 30-34) weeks' gestation (n = 26) and infants born at full term (n = 24).Healthy infants born prematurely demonstrate decreased forced expiratory flows and normal forced vital capacities in the first and second years of life. In addition, the increases in lung function with growth were similar to full-term infants.Persistently reduced flows in the presence of normal forced vital capacity and the absence of catch-up growth in airway function suggest that premature birth is associated with altered lung development.
Enhancing Evolution: The Ethical Case for Making Better People
Authors: John Collins Harvey
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
THE HEALING PROCESS OF OSTEOSARCOMA UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE ROENTGEN RAYS
Authors: GEORGE E. PFAHLER
Journal: JAMA (1913)

The healing process of osteosarcoma is very similar to that observed in the healing of any other bone disease, and consists of a bone sclerosis. This is indicated by a progressive deposit of lime salts in the tumor area. This process continues over a period of from several months to a year or more, and progresses long after the roentgenotherapy has been discontinued. The deposit of lime salts does not depend, therefore, on stimulation by the Roentgen rays, but is simply Nature's method of replacing the tumor tissue which has been destroyed by their action. It is well known that the rays cause a granular degeneration of tumor-cells before affecting the surrounding healthy tissue-cells, probably because of their lower degree of vitality or resistance. This effect is due to the chemical action of the rays absorbed, just as these rays show their chemical action on the silver salts on photographic
Noise at Rhinoceros General
Authors: G. Dunea
Journal: BMJ (1997)

I was recently told that in Rhinoceros City, in the deep midwest, a progressive hospital had near its front entrance a sign saying “Silence, hospital zone. Do not honk your horn or you will disturb the people making noise inside.”

Somewhat incredulous, I went to interview Mr Lehrkopf, director of the hospital's understaffed (only 2000 clerks) department of Public Disinformation and Mammalian Welfare. I found him busily writing a grant to save the wild rhinoceros in the environs of the sister city of Goma. He flatly denied there was ever such a sign, saying it was unnecessary because under the new …
In vivo and in vitro sodium pump activity in subjects with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis.
Authors: A Chan, R Shinde, C C Chow, C S Cockram, R Swaminathan
Journal: BMJ (1991)

To examine whether sodium pump activity plays a part in the pathogenesis of thyrotoxic periodic paralysis.Measurement of platelet sodium-potassium ATPase and in vivo sodium pump activities in healthy subjects and thyrotoxic subjects with and without paralysis.University hospital in Hong Kong.21 healthy subjects, 23 untreated thyrotoxic subjects, 13 untreated men with periodic paralysis, seven treated thyrotoxic subjects, and six treated men with periodic paralysis.Platelet Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity and plasma rubidium concentration after oral loading.Median (range) platelet Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity in thyrotoxic subjects was 253 (169-821) mumol inorganic phosphate/h/g protein--significantly higher than that in healthy subjects (134 (81-180) mumol/h/g protein; p less than 0.001). Na+, K(+)-ATPase activity in those with periodic paralysis was 374 (195-1196) mumol/h/g protein, again significantly higher than that in healthy subjects (p less than 0.001) and that in other thyrotoxic subjects (p less than 0.01) despite similar degrees of hyperthyroidism. Activities in treated thyrotoxic subjects with and without periodic paralysis were 148 (110-234) and 131 (86-173) mumol/h/g protein respectively. Mean (95% confidence interval) plasma rubidium concentration five hours after oral administration in thyrotoxic subjects (7.0 (6.6 to 7.5) mumol/l) was significantly lower than in healthy subjects (10.2 (9.5 to 10.9) mumol/l; p less than 0.001) and higher than in those with periodic paralysis (6.0 (5.7 to 6.3) mumol/l; p less than 0.01).Sodium pump activity in untreated subjects with periodic paralysis is higher than in other thyrotoxic subjects, and this may be responsible for the hypokalaemia.
Calcium-Ion–Sensing Cell-Surface Receptors
Authors: Edward M. Brown, Martin Pollak, Christine E. Seidman, J.G. Seidman, Ya-Huei Wu Chou, Daniela Riccardi, Steven C. Hebert
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Calcium ions are essential for a wide variety of biologic functions, including vital extracellular processes, such as blood clotting, intercellular adhesion, and skeletal integrity, as well as intracellular processes, such as the regulation of hormonal secretion, cell division, and cell motility.14 Complex, free-living terrestrial organisms must maintain a near-constant concentration of extracellular calcium. How the body maintains and regulates extracellular calcium levels is a complex puzzle that has intrigued researchers for decades.35 One large piece of this puzzle that is falling into place concerns a cell-surface receptor that responds to, or “senses,” extracellular calcium-ion concentrations in parathyroid, kidney, . . .
A STUDY OF THE FINE STRUCTURE OF THE KIDNEY IN CASEIN-INDUCED AMYLOIDOSIS IN RABBITS
Authors: Alan S. Cohen, Evan Calkins
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1960)

Renal amyloidosis, produced in rabbits by subcutaneous casein injections, was studied by light and electron microscopy. The earliest change before amyloid was detected was the appearance of endothelial cell blebs and mild endothelial cell proliferation. Amyloid was deposited between the basement membrane and the endothelial cell. The cytoplasm of the latter, when over amyloid, was devoid of fenestrations but otherwise had normal inclusions. Basement membrane excrescences were observed both early and late in the development of the disease, while basement membrane thickening was common with advanced disease. The integrity of the lamina densa of the basement membrane appeared to be preserved through the amyloid deposit. Epithelial cell foot process broadened and fused with advanced disease. The absence of the foot processes was particularly noticeable in areas adjacent to amyloid deposits. Epithelial cell cytoplasm contained multiple vacuoles. The cytoplasmic strands connecting the foot processes to the body of the cell were significantly attenuated. The substance of the amyloid consisted of fibrils that were oriented in parallel bundles in areas adjacent to the endothelial cell. The fibrils were <300 A wide and ranged in length up to 5000 A.
Endothelial cell Ca2+ increases upon tumor cell contact and modulates cell-cell adhesion.
Authors: R Pili, S Corda, A Passaniti, R C Ziegelstein, A W Heldman, M C Capogrossi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1993)

The signal transduction mechanisms involved in tumor cell adhesion to endothelial cells are still largely undefined. The effect of metastatic murine melanoma cell and human prostate carcinoma cell contact on cytosolic [Ca2+] of bovine artery endothelial cells was examined in indo-1-loaded endothelial cell monolayers. A rapid increase in endothelial cell [Ca2+] occurred on contact with tumor cells, but not on contact with 8-microns inert beads. A similar increase in endothelial cell [Ca2+] was observed with human neutrophils or monocyte-like lymphoma cells, but not with endothelial cells, red blood cells, and melanoma cell-conditioned medium. The increase in endothelial cell [Ca2+] was not inhibited by extracellular Ca2+ removal. In contrast, endothelial cell pretreatment with thapsigargin, which releases endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ into the cytosol and depletes this Ca2+ store site, abolished the cytosolic [Ca2+] rise upon melanoma cell contact. Endothelial cell pretreatment with the membrane-permeant form of the Ca2+ chelator bis-(O-aminophenoxyl)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid blocked the increase in cytosolic [Ca2+]. Under static and dynamic flow conditions (0.46 dyn/cm2) bis-(O-aminophenoxyl)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid pretreatment of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cell monolayers inhibited melanoma cell adhesion to the endothelial cells. Thus, tumor cell contact with endothelial cells induces a rapid Ca2+ release from endothelial intracellular stores, which has a functional role in enhancing cell-cell adhesion.
Abstract 588: Evidence for a role of a P2X7- EHBP1-Akt axis in prostate carcinogenesis and in statin chemo-prevention
Authors: Aram Ghalali, Fredrik Wiklund, Hatef Darabi, Johan Högberg, Ulla Stenius
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer (over 30% of all cancer in men) and the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Statins, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, are potent cholesterol lowering drugs. Recent epidemiology suggests that statins prevent aggressive PCa development. In previous cell experiments we have shown that statins can down-regulate nuclear Akt responses to insulin (J Biol Chem 2010; 285, 27900). We showed that atorvastatin decreases nuclear phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) levels in pancreatic and lung cancer cell lines within minutes. These effects were mediated by the P2X7 receptor, and its natural ligand, extracellular ATP, induced the same effects as statins. Our published work also implicates PTEN, PHLPP1 and 2 and other phosphatases, which form protein complexes. Akt has oncogene activity in PCa and many other cancer types, and we have now tested the possibility that the P2X7-Akt pathway is of importance for the anticipated anticancer effects of statins in the prostate. We performed SNP analysis of two cohorts of PCa patients (Cgems and Gasp). We found significant associations for SNPs in Akt1, Caveolin1, P2X7, NEDD4-1 and EHBP1 genes. NEDD4-1 negatively regulates PTEN. EHBP1 is a previously shown risk factor for aggressive PCa, and has been implicated in plasma membrane trafficking. A signaling pathway analysis (Hum Hered 2011; 71, 11) also indicated significant associations to PCa (p = 0.043). EHBP1 showed the strongest influence. In additional cell studies we employed PCa cells and found that knock down of EHBP1 or p110α (previously shown to have oncogenic activity in PCa; Nature 2008; 454, 776) prevented depletion of nuclear Akt. In further long term cell experiments (several weeks) we found that high concentrations of statins resulted in a decreased expression of p110α. We also overexpressed a mutated NEDD4-1 and this treatment inhibited the effect of statin on nuclear pAkt in PCa cells (DU145). Taken together this study provides evidence for a role of a putative P2X7-EHBP1-Akt axis in PCa development. As this pathway is negatively regulated by statins it may have a role in the indicated chemo-preventive effect of statins. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 588. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-588
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy and Axillary Dissection in Breast Cancer: Results in a Large Series
Authors: U. Veronesi, G. Paganelli, G. Viale, V. Galimberti, A. Luini, S. Zurrida, C. Robertson, V. Sacchini, P. Veronesi, E. Orvieto, C. De Cicco, M. Intra, G. Tosi, D. Scarpa
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1999)

BACKGROUND: Axillary lymph node dissection is an established component of the surgical treatment of breast cancer, and is an important procedure in cancer staging; however, it is associated with unpleasant side effects. We have investigated a radioactive tracer-guided procedure that facilitates identification, removal, and pathologic examination of the sentinel lymph node (i.e., the lymph node first receiving lymphatic fluid from the area of the breast containing the tumor) to predict the status of the axilla and to assess the safety of foregoing axillary dissection if the sentinel lymph node shows no involvement. METHODS: We injected 5-10 MBq of 99m Tc-labeled colloidal particles of human albumin peritumorally in 376 consecutive patients with breast cancer who were enrolled at the European Institute of Oncology during the period from March 1996 through March 1998. The sentinel lymph node in each case was visualized by lymphoscintigraphy, and its general location was marked on the overlying skin. During breast surgery, the sentinel lymph node was identified for removal by monitoring the acoustic signal from a hand-held gamma ray-detecting probe. Total axillary dissection was then carried out. The pathologic status of the sentinel lymph node was compared with that of the whole axilla. RESULTS: The sentinel lymph node was identified in 371 (98.7%) of the 376 patients and accurately predicted the state of the axilla in 359 (95.5%) of the patients, with 12 false-negative findings (6.7%; 95% confidence interval = 3.5%-11.4%) among a total of 180 patients with positive axillary lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS: Sentinel lymph node biopsy using a gamma ray-detecting probe allows staging of the axilla with high accuracy in patients with primary breast cancer. A randomized trial is necessary to determine whether axillary dissection may be avoided in those patients with an uninvolved sentinel lymph node.
Detection of a novel basement membrane antigen by GDA-J/F3 anti-human sperm fibrous sheath monoclonal antibody
Authors: A. JASSIM, O. SCHOFIELD, P. WHITEHEAD, P. PURKIS, A.H.M. HEAGERTY, J.A. SACHS, R.A.J. EADY, I.M. LEIGH
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1991)

Journal Article Detection of a novel basement membrane antigen by GDA‐J/F3 anti‐human sperm fibrous sheath monoclonal antibody Get access A. JASSIM, A. JASSIM Department of Immunology, The London Hospital Medical College. Turner Street, London E1 2AD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar O. SCHOFIELD, O. SCHOFIELD Department of Cell Pathology, Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Rood, London SEI 7EH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. WHITEHEAD, P. WHITEHEAD Department of Immunology, Experimental Dermatology, The London Hospital Medical College. Turner Street, London E1 2AD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. PURKIS, P. PURKIS Department of Immunology, Experimental Dermatology, The London Hospital Medical College. Turner Street, London E1 2AD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.H.M. HEAGERTY, A.H.M. HEAGERTY Department of Cell Pathology, Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Rood, London SEI 7EH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J.A. SACHS, J.A. SACHS Department of Immunology, The London Hospital Medical College. Turner Street, London E1 2AD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.A.J. EADY, R.A.J. EADY Department of Cell Pathology, Institute of Dermatology, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Rood, London SEI 7EH, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I.M. LEIGH I.M. LEIGH Department of Immunology, Experimental Dermatology, The London Hospital Medical College. Turner Street, London E1 2AD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 125, Issue 2, 1 August 1991, Pages 101–107, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1991.tb06055.x Published: 01 August 1991