tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
New High-Resolution Ultrasound Evaluation of Diseases of the Thyroid Gland
Authors: Catherine Cole-Beuglet
Journal: JAMA (1983)

NEW high-resolution ultrasound equipment provides detailed imaging of the normal and abnormal thyroid gland. When a thyroid mass is palpated or imaged as a "cold" area on a radionuclide scan, ultrasound can be used to characterize the area as fluidfilled, solid, or complex, a combination of the two. Detection of a multinodular gland when only one nodule is clinically evident or imaged on radionuclide scan favors the diagnosis of benign disease. This review presents a description of new equipment and scan techniques and describes the appearance of the normal and abnormal thyroid gland with ultrasound. <h3>Ultrasound Equipment</h3> The recent development of high-frequency transducers (7.5 and 10 MHz), focused within a few centimeters of the crystal face, allows for detailed ultrasonic visualization of the superficially located thyroid gland. New dedicated "small parts" B-scanners contain these high-frequency transducers placed within self-contained water baths. This eliminates the strong artifact skin-surface echoes that result
Occupational asthma and rhinitis due to glutaraldehyde: changes in nasal lavage fluid after specific inhalatory challenge test
Authors: C. Pałczyński, J. Walusiak, U. Ruta, P. Górski
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Background: Glutaraldehyde (GA) is a known respiratory sensitizers, and some studies have reported occupational asthma in exposed workers. Specific changes in nasal lavage fluid (NLF) induced by high‐molecular‐weight allergen provocation in sensitized subjects were described previously. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in cytogram, protein content, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and mast‐cell tryptase concentrations in NLF after GA inhalation challenge in patients with a positive history of GA‐induced asthma and late or dual asthmatic response due to exposure to low‐level GA. Methods: A single‐blind, placebo‐controlled study was performed on 11 health workers with occupational asthma and rhinitis due to GA. The control groups comprised 10 atopic subjects with perennial asthma and rhinitis and 10 healthy ones. A “nasal pool” technique was used to evaluate the examined parameters in nasal washings before and 30 min, 4 h, and 24 h after the inhalatory provocation with GA and placebo. Results: There was a significant increase in eosinophil number and percentage, and albumin, ECP, and tryptase concentrations in NLF from patients with occupational asthma and rhinitis when compared to controls. Conclusions: The results indicate the immunologic mechanism of GA‐induced asthma and the applicability of the “nasal pool” technique as the diagnostic procedure in GA‐induced airway allergy.
Dexamethasone concentration in the subretinal fluid after a subconjunctival injection, a peribulbar injection, or an oral dose
Authors: Olga Weijtens, Rik C Schoemaker, Eef G.W.M Lentjes, Fred P.H.T.M Romijn, Adam F Cohen, Jan C van Meurs
Journal: Ophthalmology (2000)
Insulin Injections: Rotation of Anatomic Regions and Plasma Glucose
Authors: Richard K. Bernstein
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent report by Bantle et al<sup>1</sup>demonstrates for the first time in a controlled fashion what many insulin-using patients have observed since self-monitoring of blood glucose began in 1969. Injections of<i>large</i>boluses of insulin produce highly variable effects on blood glucose levels. Bantle et al found that this variation was nearly doubled when injection sites were rotated. Nevertheless, it was still so great when sites were restricted to the abdomen that near-normal blood glucose levels were not reported. I take exception to the conclusion of the authors that if their results are confirmed in additional studies, "rotation of the regions used for insulin injections should be replaced by use of a single anatomic region for all injections." Patients who inject large boluses of insulin over and over in the same sites tend to develop subcutaneous deposits of fibrous tissue. They indicate awareness of this
Patients' interests or resource allocation?
Authors: R M Rudd
Journal: BMJ (1993)

antibodies and in vitro indices of inherent toxicity of sera in patients with Guillain-Barr& syndrome.6We see no scientific justification for the statement about the immunogenicity of gangliosides, nor do we find any direct evidence to support the conten- tion that naturally occurring antibodies to mono- sialoganglioside are pathogenic.Thus, we feel that the recommendation to suspend human trials is erroneous, unjustified, and devoid of scientific merit.
A regulatory role for the memory B cell as suppressor-inducer of feedback control.
Authors: M W Kennedy, D B Thomas
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1983)

A regulatory role is proposed for the antigen-responsive B cell, as suppressor-inducer of feedback control during the secondary response in vivo. In a double adoptive transfer of memory cells primed to a thymus-dependent antigen from one irradiated host to another, antigen-specific suppressors are generated after a critical time in the primary recipient, able to entirely ablate a secondary anti-hapten response. Positive cell selection in the fluorescence-activated cell sorter confirmed that suppression was mediated by an Lyt-2+ T cell; however, positively selected B cells were also inhibitory and able to induce suppressors in a carrier-specific manner: Bhapten induced suppressors in a carrier-primed population, and Bcarrier induced suppressors in a hapten-carrier population. At the peak of the antibody response in the primary host, memory B cells and their progeny were unable to differentiate further to plasma cells due to their intrinsic suppressor-inducer activity, but this autoregulatory circuit could be severed by adoptive transfer to carrier-primed, X-irradiated recipients.
Renal Failure and Cephalothin
Authors: A. BARRIENTOS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

Comments and Correction1 May 1976Renal Failure and CephalothinA. BARRIENTOS, M.D., I. BELLO, M.D., V. GUTIERREZ-MILLET, M.D., L. RUILOPE, M.D., J. RODICIO, M.D.A. BARRIENTOS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, I. BELLO, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, V. GUTIERREZ-MILLET, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, L. RUILOPE, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. RODICIO, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-84-5-612_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: The recent "Letter" by Engle and associates "Reversible Acute Renal Failure Following Cephalothin" (Ann Intern Med 83:232-233, 1975) reports a case very similar to one of ours. In our case, we have obtained renal biopsy specimens and studied the histologic and immunofluorescent characteristics.A 70-year-old man was admitted to the Department of Nephrology because of acute renal failure that had developed in another hospital, where he had been treated for bilateral pneumonia and congestive heart failure. He had no past history of renal disease, and his blood urea level was reported as normal. He received cephalothin 16...References1. BORDERLEHMANEGAN WDJ: Antitubular basement-membrane antibodies in methicillin-associated interstitial nephritis. N Engl J Med 291:381-384, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. BALDWINLEVINEMCCLUSKEY DBR: Renal failure and interstitial nephritis due to penicillin and methicillin. N Engl J Med 279:1245-1252, 1968 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Servicio de Nefrología Departmento de Medicina Interna CS. "1 de Octobre" Madrid Spain PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByCephalothin and CefazolinCase Report Acute Tubular Necrosis Following High-Dose Cefamandole Therapy for Hemophilus parainfluenzae EndocarditisPenicillins, cephalosporins and tetracyclines 1 May 1976Volume 84, Issue 5Page: 612-612KeywordsAcute renal failureBiopsyBloodHeart failureNephrologyPneumoniaRenal diseasesRenal failureUrea Issue Published: 1 May 1976 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Risk Factors for the Development of Hepatic Cysts in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Patricia A. Gabow, Ann M. Johnson, William D. Kaehny, Michael L. Manco-Johnson, Irene T. Duley, Gregory T. Everson
Journal: Hepatology (1990)

Hepatic cysts are a major manifestation of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. This study examined 239 autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease patients and 189 unaffected family members to define the factors that influence the presence and severity of hepatic cysts. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease patients with hepatic cysts were older than autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease patients without such cysts (44.6 ± 1.1 yr vs. 32.9 ± 1.1 yr; p &lt; 0.0001). The number of hepatic cysts increased with age (r = 0.43; p &lt; 0.0001). Women were more likely to have massive hepatic cystic disease (&gt; 15 cysts) than men (p &lt; 0.04). Women also had larger maximal cyst men (p &lt; 0.04). Women also had larger maximal cyst size (4.2 ± 0.4 cm vs. 2.7 ± 0.3 cm; p &lt; 0.004). Women with hepatic cysts were more likely to have been pregnant (p &lt; 0.001) and to have had more pregnancies (2.9 ± 0.3 pregnancies vs. 1.6 ± 0.2 pregnancies; p &lt; 0.0009). Kidney volume (p &lt; 0.0001), number of cysts (p &lt; 0.004), percentage of cystic parenchyma (p &lt; 0.001) and predominant cyst size (p &lt; 0.001) were greater and creatinine clearance was lower (64.5 ± 3.1 ml/min/1.73 m 2 vs. 94.5 ± 3.4 ml/min/1.73 m 2 ; p &lt; 0.001) in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease patients with hepatic cysts. By logistic regression, the frequency of hepatic cysts was related to increased age, increased severity of renal cystic disease and decreased creatinine clearance. Number and size of hepatic cysts correlated with the occurrence of pregnancy, female gender, increased age and severity of the renal lesion. In conclusion, the hepatic expression of the autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease gene appears to be modulated by age, female gender, pregnancy, severity of the renal lesion and kidney function.(HEPATOLOGY 1990;11:1033–1037.).
1223 Viral kinetics and early prediction of non-response to pegylated interferon/ribavirin in HIV infected patients with genotypes 1/4-related chronic hepatitis C
Authors: A MORENO, C QUEREDA, L MORENO, R BARCENA, M MATEOS, S GARCIAGARZON, M PEREZELIAS, J CASADO, A MURIEL
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Liver cirrhosis is the end-stage disease of chronic liver injury. Due to differences in the natural course of chronic liver diseases, identification of genetic factors that influence individual outcomes is warranted. HFE-linked hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) predisposes disease progression to cirrhosis; however, the role of heterozygous C282Y or H63D mutations in the development of cirrhosis in the presence of other etiological factors is still debated. The aim of this study was to determine the association between heterozygous C282Y and H63D mutations and non-HH liver cirrhosis in Lithuanian population.The patient cohort consisted of 209 individuals. Diagnosis of cirrhosis was confirmed by clinical, laboratory parameters, liver biopsy, and radiological imaging. Control samples were obtained from 1005 randomly selected unrelated healthy individuals. HFE gene mutations were determined using the PCR-RFLP method.The most common causes of cirrhosis were hepatitis C (33.9%), hepatitis B (13.6%), and alcohol (25.8%). C282Y allele was associated with the presence of cirrhosis (OR = 2.07; P = 0.005); this was also observed under recessive model for C282Y (OR = 2.06, P = 0.008). The prevalence of C282Y allele was higher in cirrhotic men than in controls (7.0% vs. 2.8%, P = 0.002). The carriage of H63D risk allele (OR = 1.54; P = 0.02), heterozygous C282Y/wt and homozygous H63D/H63D genotypes were associated with liver cirrhosis in males (OR = 2.48, P = 0.008, and OR = 4.13, P = 0.005, respectively).Heterozygous C282Y mutation of the HFE gene was associated with liver cirrhosis in the Lithuanian population. In gender-related analysis, heterozygous C282Y and homozygous H63D mutations were linked to liver cirrhosis in men, not in women.
Severe Hyperphosphatemia and Hypocalcemia Caused by Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy Using Oral Sodium Phosphate in End-Stage Renal Disease
Authors: R. Mishra, D. Kaufman, J. Mattern III, S. Dutta
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Bowel preparations containing oral sodium phosphate have gained increased favor among gastroenterology endoscopists in preference to the traditional polyethylene glycol, likely due to greater patient tolerability and improved cleansing and compliance [1]. Despite the availability of reports in the literature concerning life-threatening metabolic and cardiac abnormalities associated with the use of oral sodium phosphate in patients with renal insufficiency, less than half of respondents in a recent survey among gastrointestinal endoscopists reported its exclusion in this patient population [2]. We report two cases of severe hyperphosphatemia and secondary hypocalcemia due to administration of an oral sodium phosphate-containing bowel preparation in patients with chronic renal insufficiency.
In vivo delivery of siRNA to the brain by carbosilane dendrimer
Authors: Mª Jesús Serramía, Susana Álvarez, Elena Fuentes-Paniagua, Maria Isabel Clemente, Javier Sánchez-Nieves, Rafael Gómez, Javier de la Mata, Mª Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2015)
Recent Developments in Cerebrovascular Diseases
Authors: R. D. Adams
Journal: BMJ (1958)

Non-respiratory tuberculosis remains a problem. In a survey of tuberculosis notifications in England and Wales in 1983, 25% of cases were non-respiratory and 7% both respiratory and non-respiratory<sup>1</sup>. Non-respiratory disease was especially frequent (46%) amongst patients from the Indian subcontinent. Chemotherapy is used to treat all types of tuberculosis, whatever the site. We discussed the principles of chemotherapy and the adverse drug reactions which may occur in an earlier article on pulmonary tuberculosis.<sup>2</sup> In managing patients with extra-pulmonary disease one has to consider not only what drugs to use and for how long, but also the problems specific to particular anatomical sites, the role of corticosteroids and the indications for surgery.
Microbial regulation of SAA3 expression in mouse colon and adipose tissue
Authors: Christopher S. Reigstad, Fredrik Bäckhed
Journal: Gut Microbes (2010)

Recently, we demonstrated that colonic and adipose expression of SAA3 was modulated by the gut microbiota and Toll-like receptor signaling in mice. We observed that SAA3 was expressed by colonic epithelial cells and that its expression was induced in a murine colonocyte cell line following lipopolysaccharide stimulation and nuclear NF-kB translocation. In this addendum, we extend this initial study and suggest that SAA3 (1) resembles human SAA1 both in amino acid homology and tissue distribution, (2) appears to have autocrine or paracrine effects rather than endocrine, and (3) binds to bacteria within the gastrointestinal tract. Although speculative, these observations raise the possibility that SAA3 may promote local inflammation in adipose tissue that affects insulin signaling and also function as an antimicrobial agent in the colon.
DIASTOLIC FILLING OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE AS A PREDICTOR OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Kenneth A. Kaplan, Christopher J. White, Thomas D. Watson, Michael D. Redwine, John H. Jackson, Robert J. Lull
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1982)

Kaplan, Kenneth A.; White, Christopher J.; Watson, Thomas D.; Redwine, Michael D.; Jackson, John H.; Lull, Robert J. Author Information
Role of the Nurse Practitioner in Mental Health Services-Reply
Authors: Norman A. Clemens
Journal: JAMA (1997)

Ms Casson states that nurse practitioners are an important part of the mental health team and that they work, as she says, "in a collaborative agreement with a psychiatrist." Treatment teams of clinicians have augmented the effectiveness of services for many populations, including the underserved, often treatment-resistant mentally ill and chemically dependent. While advanced practice nurse practitioners are licensed to offer defined services independently in many but not all states, according to 1997 testimony of the Psychiatric Advanced Practice Nurses of Maryland (Maryland House Environment Committee, March 4, 1997), 8 states give psychiatric nurses independent prescribing authority. Many advanced practice nurse practitioners are proficient and provide valuable service in obtaining medical history and in practical counseling skills. However, only a physician's medical education and clinical training qualify a mental health professional to carry out a "comprehensive medical differential diagnosis and evaluation" and to prescribe medication without special restrictions. The psychiatrist can
Limits of agreement (Bland-Altman method)
Authors: P. Sedgwick
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Researchers investigated the agreement between primary care and daytime ambulatory monitoring in blood pressure measurement. Study participants were patients with newly diagnosed high or borderline high blood pressure or those receiving treatment for hypertension but with poor control. In total, 179 patients were recruited from three general practices, and eight doctors were involved in measuring blood pressure. Daytime ambulatory monitoring was undertaken between 0700 and 2300 hours.1 A significant correlation was found between the systolic blood pressure measured by the general practitioner and daytime ambulatory systolic pressure ( r =0.46; P<0.05). The measurements made by the doctors exceeded those obtained by ambulatory monitoring by an average of 18.9 mm Hg. The Bland-Altman method was used to plot the difference in systolic blood pressure for each patient (GP measurement minus daytime ambulatory monitoring measurement) against the mean of the two measurements (fig 1⇓). The limits of agreement are indicated by the red broken lines—that is, the interval of two standard deviations of the measurement differences either side of the mean difference. Fig 1 Bland-Altman plot of difference in systolic blood pressure (general practitioner measurement minus daytime ambulatory monitoring measurement) against the mean of the two measurements Which of the following statements, if any, are true?
Tissue mechanics modulate microRNA-dependent PTEN expression to regulate malignant progression
Authors: Janna K Mouw, Yoshihiro Yui, Laura Damiano, Russell O Bainer, Johnathon N Lakins, Irene Acerbi, Guanqing Ou, Amanda C Wijekoon, Kandice R Levental, Penney M Gilbert, E Shelley Hwang, Yunn-Yi Chen, Valerie M Weaver
Journal: Nature Medicine (2014)
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Atrial Arrhythmogenesis in Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Niels Voigt, Jordi Heijman, Qiongling Wang, David Y. Chiang, Na Li, Matthias Karck, Xander H.T. Wehrens, Stanley Nattel, Dobromir Dobrev
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Electrical, structural, and Ca2+ -handling remodeling contribute to the perpetuation/progression of atrial fibrillation (AF). Recent evidence has suggested a role for spontaneous sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -release events in long-standing persistent AF, but the occurrence and mechanisms of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -release events in paroxysmal AF (pAF) are unknown. Right-atrial appendages from control sinus rhythm patients or patients with pAF (last episode a median of 10-20 days preoperatively) were analyzed with simultaneous measurements of [Ca2+]i (fluo-3-acetoxymethyl ester) and membrane currents/action potentials (patch-clamp) in isolated atrial cardiomyocytes, and Western blot. Action potential duration, L-type Ca2+ current, and Na+ /Ca2+ -exchange current were unaltered in pAF, indicating the absence of AF-induced electrical remodeling. In contrast, there were increases in SR Ca2+ leak and incidence of delayed after-depolarizations in pAF. Ca2+ -transient amplitude and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ load (caffeine-induced Ca2+ -transient amplitude, integrated Na+/Ca2+ -exchange current) were larger in pAF. Ca2+ -transient decay was faster in pAF, but the decay of caffeine-induced Ca2+ transients was unaltered, suggesting increased SERCA2a function. In agreement, phosphorylation (inactivation) of the SERCA2a-inhibitor protein phospholamban was increased in pAF. Ryanodine receptor fractional phosphorylation was unaltered in pAF, whereas ryanodine receptor expression and single-channel open probability were increased. A novel computational model of the human atrial cardiomyocyte indicated that both ryanodine receptor dysregulation and enhanced SERCA2a activity promote increased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ leak and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -release events, causing delayed after-depolarizations/triggered activity in pAF. Increased diastolic sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ leak and related delayed after-depolarizations/triggered activity promote cellular arrhythmogenesis in pAF patients. Biochemical, functional, and modeling studies point to a combination of increased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ load related to phospholamban hyperphosphorylation and ryanodine receptor dysregulation as underlying mechanisms.
Epidemiology of Leukemia
Authors: Daniel Stowens
Journal: JAMA (1962)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Your editorial, "The Epidemiology of Leukemia" (<i>JAMA</i><b>177</b>:859 [Sept. 23] 1961), correctly calls to the attention of the medical public the real increase in the incidence of the disease. However, the tremendous emphasis in the editorial on the role of radiation in the etiology of leukemia tends to remove the problem from the sphere of medicine, for the amount of radiation under the control of the medical profession, in relation to all radiation, is minute. The same, to a certain extent, can be said about the other leukemogenic agents mentioned. But most of the surveys, including that of Stewart and Hewitt, have failed to appreciate that the increase in the disease appeared prior to the increase in radiation throughout the world, and began even before very extensive use of x-rays in medicine, and that the increase has been most striking in the last 20 to 30
Endoscopic Removal of an Ulcerated Appendiceal Stump
Authors: Luis C. Maas
Journal: JAMA (1978)

INVERTED appendiceal stump is part of the differential diagnosis of a radiologically demonstrated cecal mass in patients after appendectomy. We report the colonoscopic removal of an inverted appendiceal stump employing standard snare and electrocautery technique. Of special interest, the appendiceal stump was invaded by unusual fungi producing an ulcerated-granulomatous inflammatory reaction. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 23-year-old man was admitted with a ten-month history of intermittent right lower quadrant abdominal pain occasionally associated with black, tarry stools. On the day of admission, after ingestion of considerable alcohol, the patient had severe epigastric pain and hematemesis. Past medical history included recurrent calcium and uric acid nephrolithiasis for six years and an appendectomy one year ago. The latter was uneventful with complete recovery. The physical examination was unremarkable except for mild epigastric and right lower quadrant tenderness, an appendectomy scar, and guaiac-positive stools. The complete blood cell count, ESR, and multiphasic profile