tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influence of lysophosphatidylcholine on the C-apolipoprotein content of rat and human triglyceride-rich lipoproteins during triglyceride hydrolysis.
Authors: E E Windler, S Preyer, H Greten
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1986)

Remnants produced from rat chylomicrons in hepatectomized rats or from human chylomicrons by incubation in postheparin plasma contained much less C-apolipoproteins, but more lysophosphatidylcholine than the parent chylomicrons. A phospholipid-triglyceride emulsion absorbed C-apolipoproteins during incubation in serum, yet not in postheparin plasma, which led to lipid-hydrolysis and increased in lysophosphatidylcholine. The fraction d = 1.006-1.019 g/ml of human serum comprised more lysophosphatidylcholine and less C-apolipoproteins than the fraction d less than 1.006 g/ml. Injection of heparin induced hydrolysis with an increase in lysophosphatidylcholine and loss of C-apolipoproteins in both fractions. These inverse changes of lysophosphatidylcholine and C-apolipoproteins during lipid-hydrolysis suggest a causal relationship, which is strongly supported by the induction of loss of C-apolipoproteins from rat chylomicrons and human triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by addition of lysophosphatidylcholine in vitro. Apolipoprotein C-II was more affected than C-III. These results may elucidate a mechanism for the regulation of the termination of the triglyceride hydrolysis and the final hepatic uptake of remnants.
Mesoporous Europo‐Gadolinosilicate Nanoparticles as Bimodal Medical Imaging Agents and a Potential Theranostic Platform
Authors: Nicholas M. K. Tse, Danielle F. Kennedy, Nigel Kirby, Bradford A. Moffat, Benjamin W. Muir, Rachel A. Caruso, Calum J. Drummond
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

Abstract The mesoporous structure of sol‐gel prepared gadolinium and europium doped silicate nanoparticles has been found to be highly dependent on the formulated composition, with synthesised samples displaying both disordered and hexagonally ordered mesoporous packing symmetry. The degree of pore ordering within the nanoparticles has a strong correlation with the total lanthanide (Gd 3+ and Eu 3+ ) concentration. The gadolinosilicates are excellent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) longitudinal (T 1 ) agents. The longitudinal relaxivity (r 1 ) and transverse (r 2 ) relaxivity, a measure of MRI contrast agent efficiency, were up to four times higher than the clinically employed Omniscan (gadodiamide); with r 1 up to 20.6 s −1 mM −1 and r 2 of 66.2 s −1 mM −1 compared to 5.53 and 4.64 s −1 mM −1 , respectively, for Omniscan. In addition, the europium content of all the samples studied is below the self‐quenching limit, which results in a strong luminescence response from the nanoparticles on excitation at 250 nm. The Eu‐Gd silicate nanoparticles act as bimodal imaging agents for MRI and luminescence. These mesoporous nanoparticles also have the potential to serve as encapsulation and controlled release matrices for pharmaceuticals. They are therefore a promising multimodal theranostic platform.
Providing High-Value, Cost-Conscious Care
Authors: Ira S. Nash
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2011)

Letters20 December 2011Providing High-Value, Cost-Conscious CareIra S. Nash, MDIra S. Nash, MDFrom Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-12-201112200-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The proposal by Weinberger (1) for a seventh competency for physicians is deeply flawed. While it is true that “the U.S. economy cannot sustain the staggering economic burden imposed by the current and projected costs of health care,” the key to driving down costs is not “cost-consciousness” but “appropriateness-consciousness.”It is certainly important—and has always been a part of sound medical practice—for physicians to avoid “unnecessary care that does not benefit patients,” but the imperative to do so is about doing the right thing, not about doing the less expensive thing. It would be important to avoid ...References1. Weinberger SE. Providing high-value, cost-conscious care: a critical seventh general competency for physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155:386-8. [PMID: 21930856] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Kevles DJ. The historical contingency of bioethics. Princet J Bioeth. 2000;3:51-8. [PMID: 11936137] MedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY 10029.Disclosures: None disclosed. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoProviding High-Value, Cost-Conscious Care: A Critical Seventh General Competency for Physicians Steven E. Weinberger Providing High-Value, Cost-Conscious Care Christopher L. Knight Providing High-Value, Cost-Conscious Care Erik A. Wallace Providing High-Value, Cost-Conscious Care Steven E. Weinberger Providing High-Value, Cost-Conscious Care Brian Pollak Providing High-Value, Cost-Conscious Care Jeremy D. Graham , Darryl K. Potyk , and Elise D. Raimi Providing High-Value, Cost-Conscious Care Christine K. Cassel Providing High-Value, Cost-Conscious Care Carlos O. Weiss , Maia Holden , and Matthew McNabney Inviting Patients to Read Doctors' Notes Stephen Strum Metrics 20 December 2011Volume 155, Issue 12Page: 858-859KeywordsAnxietyBehaviorConflicts of interestHealth careHealth economicsMotivationPatient advocacyQuality improvement ePublished: 20 December 2011 Issue Published: 20 December 2011 CopyrightCopyright © 2011 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Total abrogation of collagen II-induced arthritis and the B cell response to type II collagen using suboptimal doses of a topoisomerase II antagonist
Authors: M Verdrengh
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2002)

Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is the most commonly used model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In both CIA and RA there is an increase in the cellular content of the synovium, this being dominated by macrophages.To assess the impact of etoposide, a topoisomerase II antagonist known to induce monocyte apoptosis, on the development of CIA.Mice were primed and booster immunised against collagen II (CII). One group of mice was treated with etoposide two days before CII immunisation and then on four consecutive days weekly until the end of the experiment. The second group of mice was injected with etoposide on four consecutive days a week starting 40 days after CII priming. The third group of mice were controls receiving phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The mice were examined for development of arthritis, numbers of circulating leucocytes, serum CII antibody, and cytokine concentrations.None of the mice given etoposide before CII immunisation developed arthritis. Serum concentrations of anti-CII antibodies were undetectable in these mice, whereas they displayed significantly increased concentrations of interferon gamma and interleukin 6. In addition, the CII specific B cell responses in the draining lymph nodes were highly suppressed. Also, mice treated with etoposide at the onset of clinical arthritis showed reduced frequency of their disease by 50%.There was a striking disease alleviating impact of topoisomerase II antagonist on the course of CII-induced arthritis.
Current guidelines fail young patients with oesophagogastric cancer
Authors: M A Foster, S E A Attwood
Journal: Gut (2002)

Wallace et al ( Gut 2001; 49 :29–34) clearly describe the difficulties with AGA guidelines for endoscopy in the light of their study in identifying young oesophagogastric pathology. They concluded that better clinical prediction strategies are needed. In the UK we have found similar failings in our own guidelines for endoscopy1 for identification of young patients with oesophagogastric carcinoma. The national data suggesting oesophagogastric carcinoma is rare in patients under 55 years seemed at odds with the large number of patients we had seen in this age group in recent years.

We reviewed our oesophagogastric cancers over three years and found 76 patients under the age of 55 years between January 1997 and December 1999. The hospital records of these patients were examined with the general practice records where possible. A detailed review was undertaken in patients under 50 years old, looking at their presenting symptoms, stage, location, nature, and size of tumour. Timings were noted from the date symptoms first developed, referral date, date of diagnosis, and date of death. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to estimate survival.

Of the 460 patients …
Medical ethics teaching should be overhauled, says BMA
Authors: L. Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2003)

The BMA is calling on the government to overhaul the teaching of medical ethics in the light of the association's newly published guide to medical ethics.

Medical Ethics Today , an updated and revised version of its original guide to medical ethics first published in 1993, covers contentious issues such as assisted suicide, genetic screening for potential medical disorders, and payment for the donation of eggs for fertility treatment.

“Medical …
Bone osteoblastic and mesenchymal stromal cells lack primarily tumoral features in multiple myeloma patients
Authors: N Giuliani, G Lisignoli, F Novara, P Storti, N Zaffaroni, R Villa, G Sammarelli, L Agnelli, K Todoerti, M E Bernardo, C Manferdini, S Colla, M Abeltino, M Bolzoni, A Rocci, E Gabusi, A Palumbo, O Zuffardi, A Neri, V Rizzoli
Journal: Leukemia (2010)
Habitually Sleepy Drivers Have a High Frequency of Automobile Crashes Associated with Respiratory Disorders during Sleep
Authors: JUAN F. MASA, MANUELA RUBIO, LARRY J. FINDLEY
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2000)

Sleepiness is a common cause of traffic crashes with a cost of billions of dollars per year. A recent study has found that 2 to 3% of drivers are habitually sleepy while driving. However, there has not been a controlled study to define the characteristics, driving performance, or automobile crash rate of habitually sleepy drivers. The prevalence of respiratory disorders during sleep, and whether these respiratory disorders contribute to the increased automobile crash frequency, is unknown in habitually sleepy drivers. We interviewed 4,002 randomly selected drivers to define the prevalence of drivers who are habitually sleepy while driving. We studied the habitually sleepy drivers and an age- and sex-matched control group of drivers. These studies included reporting of daytime sleepiness, automobile crashes, driving performance and sleep studies. Of the 4,002 drivers interviewed, 145 (3.6%, confidence interval [CI] = 3.1 to 4.3) were habitually sleepy while driving. The habitually sleepy drivers reported a significantly higher frequency of auto crashes than control subjects (the adjusted odds ratio [OR] was 13.3, CI = 4.1 to 43). The habitually sleepy drivers had a significantly higher prevalence of respiratory sleep disorders than control subjects. For a total respiratory events index (apneas, hypopneas, and other respiratory effort–related arousals) ⩾ 15 the adjusted OR was 6.0, CI = 1.1 to 32. In the habitually sleepy drivers group, the frequency of sleep apnea (apnea–hypopnea index) between subjects with or without auto crashes was not statistically different. However, if we consider total respiratory events index, this frequency of respiratory sleep disorders was significantly higher in subjects with automobile crashes (the adjusted OR for a total respiratory event index ⩾ 15 was 8.5, CI = 1.2 to 59). Habitually sleepy drivers are a large group of drivers (1 of 30 drivers) who are involved in several fold more automobile crashes than control subjects. As these excess auto crashes can be explained in part by the presence of respiratory disorders during sleep, which are treatable, many automobile crashes in these sleepy drivers may be preventable. Our findings suggest that asking about excessive sleepiness while driving may better predict which subjects with breathing disorders during sleep have crashes than asking about overall sleepiness.
TRAIL-mediated apoptosis requires NF-<i>k</i>B inhibition and the mitochondrial permeability transition in human hepatoma cells
Authors: Young-Soo Kim, Robert F. Schwabe, Ting Qian, John J. Lemasters, David A. Brenner
Journal: Hepatology (2002)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis in a wide range of malignant cells. However, several cancers, including human hepatoma, are resistant to TRAIL. In this study, we analyzed TRAIL-induced pro- and antiapoptotic signaling pathways in human hepatoma cells. Nuclear factor k B (NF- k B) was found to be a critical TRAIL-induced antiapoptotic factor in the PLC/PRF/5, HepG2, and Hep3B cell lines. TRAIL-induced NF- k B activation was preceded by I k Bα kinase (IKK) activation and I k Bα degradation and depended on TRAF2, NF- k B-inducing kinase (NIK), IKK1, and IKK2. Accordingly, inhibition of NF- k B by adenoviral dominant negative (dn) TRAF2, NIKdn, IKK1 dn, IKK2dn, or I k Bsr sensitized PLC/PRF/5 cells to rhTRAIL, resulting in 40% to 50% cell death after 48 hours as compared with &lt; 10% with rhTRAIL alone. Agonistic anti-TRAIL receptor 1 and anti-TRAIL receptor 2 antibodies or combinations of both were equally efficient in inducing apoptosis as rh TRAIL, indicating that decoy receptors did not contribute to resistance toward TRAIL under the conditions of our study. TRAIL-mediated apoptosis depended on FADD, caspase 8 and 3 as demonstrated by the ability of FADDdn, CrmA, and pharmacologic caspase inhibitors to prevent apoptosis. Confocal microscopy showed the onset of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) 5 hours after rh TRAIL plus actinomycin D, which was followed by cytochrome c release. The MPT was critical for TRAIL-induced apoptosis as demonstrated by the ability of pharmacologic MPT inhibitors to completely protect PLC/PRF/5 cells. In conclusion, NF- k B prevents TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human hepatoma through a TRAIL-activated TRAF2-NIK-IKK pathway. Inhibition of NF- k B unmasks a TRAIL-induced apoptotic signaling cascade that involves FADD, caspase 8, the MPT, and caspase 3. (Hepatology2002;36:1498-1508).
ETIOLOGIC STUDIES ON NEUROSES OF PERIPHERAL ORIGIN.
Authors: H. GRADLE
Journal: JAMA (1900)

Medical opinion concerning the frequency and importance of the so-called reflex neuroses has fluctuated considerably within past years. The claims made by American ophthalmologists regarding the effects of eye strain, the startling results announced by Hack and his followers concerning the cure of reflexes of intranasal origin and to some extent, too, the views of gynecologists as regards the etiologic rôle of pelvic anomalies in the production of nervous symptoms have made "reflex neuroses" a topic of the day. But criticism is beginning to show how and wherein some of the enthusiasts have erred, and perhaps an undue skepticism is beginning to prevail. One of our members has not inaptly characterized the trend of medical opinion as "the passing of the reflex." Yet by properly defining the term "neuroses of peripheral origin" it can be made to include a great deal of human suffering, which may be relieved by the
Potential Hazards of Rapid Smoking as a Technic for the Modification of Smoking Behavior
Authors: L. Craig Miller, August F. Schilling, Daniel L. Logan, Robert L. Johnson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

The relation between cigarette smoking and serious cardiopulmonary disease has been convincingly established1 , 2 and has impelled a search for effective methods of helping smokers to break the habit. Nevertheless, there are few effective methods.3 , 4 One method, based on principles of behavior modification by stimulus satiation used by a number of investigators, appears to be superior to others.5 6 7 8 Their studies have reported an overall success rate of 57 to 60 per cent at six months. Lichtenstein and Glasgow have estimated that 35,000 persons have been exposed to this method.9 This stimulus-satiation method consists of an enforced period of continuous and rapid . . .
Disease Change and the Role of Medicine: The Navajo Experience
Authors: Christian Meuli
Journal: JAMA (1984)

In recent years there has been a shift away from the "heroic history" of medicine, where medicine takes credit for the decrease in the morbidity and mortality of human existence, to the "revisionist history" of medicine, where better living conditions are seen as being more important in improving the human condition. The resolution of this debate will have a substantial impact on medical care planning for specific populations (ie, underdeveloped and third world countries) and areas of further medical and social research. This book addresses these issues by reviewing the voluminous medical care statistics and demographic data of the Navajo people that have been compiled during the past 120 years. Although these records are frequently incomplete, they are helpful in using a well-defined patient population to study the relative effect that Western medicine has had on health, especially in the area of infectious diseases, and evaluating whether the Western medical
Overcoming Limitations in Nanoparticle Drug Delivery: Triggered, Intravascular Release to Improve Drug Penetration into Tumors
Authors: Ashley A. Manzoor, Lars H. Lindner, Chelsea D. Landon, Ji-Young Park, Andrew J. Simnick, Matthew R. Dreher, Shiva Das, Gabi Hanna, Won Park, Ashutosh Chilkoti, Gerben A. Koning, Timo L.M. ten Hagen, David Needham, Mark W. Dewhirst
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Traditionally, the goal of nanoparticle-based chemotherapy has been to decrease normal tissue toxicity by improving drug specificity to tumors. The enhanced permeability and retention effect can permit passive accumulation into tumor interstitium. However, suboptimal delivery is achieved with most nanoparticles because of heterogeneities of vascular permeability, which limits nanoparticle penetration. Furthermore, slow drug release limits bioavailability. We developed a fast drug-releasing liposome triggered by local heat that has already shown substantial antitumor efficacy and is in human trials. Here, we show that thermally sensitive liposomes (Dox-TSL) release doxorubicin inside the tumor vasculature. Real-time confocal imaging of doxorubicin delivery to murine tumors in window chambers and histologic analysis of flank tumors illustrates that intravascular drug release increases free drug in the interstitial space. This increases both the time that tumor cells are exposed to maximum drug levels and the drug penetration distance, compared with free drug or traditional pegylated liposomes. These improvements in drug bioavailability establish a new paradigm in drug delivery: rapidly triggered drug release in the tumor bloodstream.
Infective Endocarditis: An Analysis Based on Strict Case Definitions
Authors: C. FORDHAM VON REYN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Strict case definitions were applied to 123 clinically diagnosed cases of infective endocarditis. Cases were categorized as definite (19), probable (44), or possible (41) endocarditis or were rejected (19). Compared to other published studies, our patients had an advanced mean age (57), high incidence of underlying valvular disease (66%), short mean duration of symptoms (27 days), and 15% mortality, the lowest reported for a large series. Most cases were caused by viridans streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, or enterococci; Enterobacteriacae were absent, and negative cultures infrequent (5%). Subgroups included nosocomial endocarditis (13%), usually with underlying valvular disease and invasive procedures; prosthesis endocarditis (12%); and cases requiring cardiac surgery (18%). Deaths were caused by heart failure, neurologic events, or superinfection. Strict definitions are useful in managing suspect cases, and are essential in comparing clinical studies. Early recognition and treatment should be the focus of efforts to reduce mortality from endocarditis.
On the Elimination and Assimilation of Morbid Poisons
Authors: G. Johnson
Journal: BMJ (1868)

TIEE distinguished author of the Address in 'Medicine recentlydelivered at Oxford, argues that recovery and subsequent immunity from such dis- eases as small-pox "are produced by a process of impregnation and assimilation, and not, as was early believed, and is still by some main- tained, of elimination."Dr. Gull goes on to say that " the old theory of depuration, though true of gross chemical poisons, as lead, or mer- ,cury, or arsenic, appears to have no application to those operation; which take place in the body in contagious diseases, as the effect of organic poisons."The question which is thus raised is one of consider p.bc scientific interest and practical importance.I have been at some
STERILE PAPER TOWELS FOR SURGICAL WOUND DRESSINGS
Authors: John Homer Woolsey
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Aseptic technic in the dressing of wounds is of prime importance, and is often poorly executed. For use in a surgical clinic, office or where sterile instruments and dressings are kept in bulk, the use of an "individual service sterile towel" is an excellent method. The employment of the usual linen towel is expensive, and demands considerable laundry work and renewal from the constant washing. The ordinary paper towels of rather coarse fiber are excellent and inexpensive substitutes. They can be separated from one another and stacked with one corner of the closed side folded, so as to form an easy method for extraction later. The towels are then put in a hospital towel envelop and sterilized under steam pressure. When they are needed, one end of the envelop is unpinned and opened, as shown in the illustration. Each sterile towel may then be withdrawn, opened, and the sterile dressings
Family History and Prostate Cancer Screening With Prostate-Specific Antigen
Authors: Tuukka Mäkinen, Teuvo L.J. Tammela, Ulf-Håkan Stenman, Liisa Määttänen, Sakari Rannikko, Jussi Aro, Harri Juusela, Matti Hakama, Anssi Auvinen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)

PURPOSE: Early detection of prostate cancer has been recommended for men with affected first-degree relatives despite the lack of evidence for mortality reduction. We therefore evaluated the impact of family history in the Finnish prostate cancer screening trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Approximately 80,000 men were identified from the population register for the first screening round. Of the 32,000 men randomized to the screening arm, 30,403 were eligible at the time of invitation. A blood sample was drawn from the participants (n = 20,716), and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was determined. Men with a PSA level ≥ 4.0 ng/mL were referred for prostate biopsy. Information on family history was obtained through a self-administered questionnaire at baseline. RESULTS: A total of 964 (5%) of the 20,716 screening participants had a positive family history, and 105 (11%) were screening-positive. Twenty-nine tumors were diagnosed, corresponding to a detection rate of 3.0% (29 of 964) and a positive predictive value of 28% (29 of 105). Of the 19,347 men without a family history, 1,487 (8%) had a PSA level ≥ 4.0 ng/mL. The detection rate was 2.4% (462 of 19,347) and the positive predictive value was 31% (462 of 1,487). The risk associated with a positive family history was not substantially increased (rate ratio, 1.3; 95% confidence interval, 0.9 to 1.8). The results were not affected by the age of the screenee or age at diagnosis of the affected relative. The program sensitivity was 6% (29 of 491) (ie, selective screening policy would have missed 94% of cancers in the population). No differences were seen in the characteristics of screen-detected cancers by family history. CONCLUSION: Our findings provide no support for selective screening among men with affected relatives.