tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intravenous immunoglobulin replacement prevents severe and lower respiratory tract infections, but not upper respiratory tract and non‐respiratory infections in common variable immune deficiency
Authors: O. Favre, A. Leimgruber, A. Nicole, F. Spertini
Journal: Allergy (2005)

Background: Although the dose of 400 mg/kg body weight intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) every 3–4 weeks is now standard for treating patients with common variable immune deficiency, studies demonstrating its long‐term benefits over low 200 mg/kg dose and its effects on infectious subsets (upper vs lower respiratory vs non‐respiratory infections) are rare. Methods: All patients from a single center with the diagnosis of common variable immune deficiency and whose clinical chart was available during three successive therapeutic periods [a pre‐IVIG replacement period, a low‐dose (200 mg/kg every 3 weeks) and a standard‐dose replacement period (400 mg/kg every 3 weeks)] were screened retrospectively. Results: Seven patients followed up for a total of 116 patient‐years over the three defined periods of observation were recruited. When compared with low‐dose therapy, standard‐dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy raised trough IgG levels from 4.3 to 6.5 g/l and significantly decreased the overall frequency of infections, with marked effects on lower respiratory tract and severe infection number. In contrast, non‐respiratory and upper respiratory infections were, in comparison, resistant to therapy. Conclusions: Overall, these data support the use of standard‐dose 400 mg/kg intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, despite the high cost, to raise trough IgG levels to 5–7 g/l, but underlines that some categories of infectious events (non‐respiratory, upper respiratory) may need parallel surgical or pharmacological approaches to be optimally prevented or treated.
Pre-analytical conditions for the assessment of circulating MMP-9 and TIMP-1: consideration of pitfalls
Authors: M. John, K. Jung
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2005)

LPS on two occasions separated by o3 weeks.However, none of these studies had observed tolerance towards subsequent LPS challenge(s) in their healthy human subjects at doses of LPS described that were higher than ours.It is possible that tolerance in healthy nonatopic human subjects only occurs in exposure to lower doses of inhaled endoxin.In fact, existing literature indicates that exposure of 30-40 mg inhaled LPS is probably the clinical threshold to induce symptoms and lung function changes for healthy subjects [4].
Prevalence and pharmacological treatment of left‐ventricular dysfunction in patients undergoing vascular surgery
Authors: Willem‐Jan Flu, Jan‐Peter van Kuijk, Wael Galal, Ruud Kuiper, Louis L. van de Ven, Hence J.M. Verhagen, Jeroen J. Bax, Don Poldermans
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2010)
Histological and Histochemical Findings of the Gastric Mucosa in Duodenal Regurgitation
Authors: H. Aste, F. Molinari
Journal: Endoscopy (1975)

Pyloric competence is assessed through intra-duodenal instillation of radioopaque material in 30 patients of comparable age and without circunscribed gastroduodenal lesions. Endoscopic biopsy in the distal antrum and in the fundus of the stomach is performed in all of them. Gastritis of the antrum with normal fundic mucosa is statistically more frequent in patients with duodenal regurgitation. Isolated antral gastritis was not evidenced in patients without regurgigation. It is concluded that duodenal contents regurgitated play a role on antral gastritis development.
SCIENTIFIC PREDICTIONS OF NOVELISTS
Authors: Louis J. Bragman
Journal: JAMA (1926)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —The recent advertisement of a book on "Aviation Medicine" (The Journal, Dec. 12, 1925, p. 28) recalls several of the advertisements appended to Rudyard Kipling's "With the Night Mail," a story of 2000 A. D. As there prophesied, some of the books of the future will be: "Air Currents and Epidemic Diseases"; "Disease and the Barometer"; "Health Resorts of the Gobi and Shamo"; "High Level Bacteriology." One of the characters in that fantastic tale of life in the air remarks: I've read in a book that savages [meaning twentieth century people] used to haul their sick and wounded up to the tops of hills because microbes were fewer there. We hoist 'em into sterilized air for a while. Same idea. Thus do the speculative novelists keep in the vanguard of progressive medicine.
The Medical Center in a Community
Authors: Daniel S. Martin
Journal: JAMA (1964)

A medical center can represent a combined annual operating budget that can exceed $25 million, and sometimes very much more. Employees can number from 6,000 to 10,000 and students in various categories can easily exceed 2,000. A medical center that has earned a reputation for leadership in medical education is a magnet for scientists and medical teachers from abroad who seek training opportunities and exposure to proven quality. Large numbers of patients will travel from a distance to a first-class center with a reputation for optimum treatment. All these visitors can make substantial contribution to a community's "economic health." All communities assiduously seek industry to stimulate economic development. The large operating budget of a medical center is primarily spent on thousands of personnel, who in turn spend their money locally in the purchase and maintenance of homes, clothes, groceries, amusements, and all that can materially influence the local economy. Medicine
747 THE NEUROGENIC RELAXATION OF GASTRIC FUNDUS AND ANOCOCCYGEUS MUSCLE IS INCREASED IN THE BILIARRY CIRRHOTIC RATS: A ROLE FOR NITRERGIC NEUROTRANSMISSION
Authors: M. Ghasemi, A. Karimollah, M.H. Ghahremani, A.R. Dehpour
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2009)
Procedures in General Practice
Authors: Catherine V. Caldicott
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1998)

Medical Writings: Book Notes1 January 1998Procedures in General PracticeCatherine V. Caldicott, MDCatherine V. Caldicott, MDUniversity of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-128-1-199801010-00032 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Brown JS; ed. 177 pages. London: BMJ; 1997. $43.00. ISBN 0727910353. Order phone 44-71-387-4499.Field of medicine: General medicine, family medicine, and emergency medicine.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Residents in primary care and emergency medicine, primary care physicians, and senior medical students.Purpose: To improve the skills of primary practitioners performing minor surgical procedures. Secondary goals are to increase job satisfaction and decrease referrals to subspecialists for procedures that can be done in primary care settings.Content: This book contains basic, practical advice on the performance of several common office procedures, but it is not meant to be comprehensive. Procedures ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Previousarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 January 1998Volume 128, Issue 1Page: 80KeywordsBiopsyEmergency medicineFlexible sigmoidoscopyIntrauterine devicesObstetrics and gynecologyOutpatientsPrimary carePrimary care physiciansSub-specialty careVeins ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 January 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Coronary thrombolysis with recombinant staphylokinase in patients with evolving myocardial infarction.
Authors: D Collen, F Van de Werf
Journal: Circulation (1993)

Staphylokinase (STA), a protein with known profibrinolytic properties, is produced by transduced Staphylococcus aureus strains. In experimental animal models, recombinant staphylokinase (STAR) is less immunogenic and more active toward platelet-rich arterial blood clots than streptokinase.In the present study, 10 mg STAR given intravenously over 30 minutes was found to induce angiographically documented coronary artery recanalization within 40 minutes in four of five patients with acute myocardial infarction. Plasma fibrinogen and alpha 2-antiplasmin levels were unaffected, and allergic reactions were not observed. Postinfusion disappearance of STAR antigen followed a biphasic mode with a t1/2 alpha of 6.3 +/- 0.6 minutes (mean +/- SD) and a t1/2 beta of 37 +/- 15 minutes, corresponding to a plasma clearance of 270 +/- 100 mL/min. Neutralizing antibodies against STAR could not be demonstrated at baseline and up to 6 days after infusion, but STAR neutralizing activity, which did not cross-react with streptokinase, was consistently demonstrable in plasma at 14-35 days.STAR can induce clot-selective coronary thrombolysis in patients with evolving myocardial infarction without concomitant induction of a systemic lytic state. STAR, a small protein that can be easily produced by recombinant DNA technology, may therefore offer promise for thrombolytic therapy in patients with thromboembolic disease.
91. Retroviral Vector Integrations Relate to Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene Expression Patterns
Authors: Martijn H. Brugman, Karin Pike-Overzet, Carla Oerlemans- Bergs, Sigrid Swagemakers, Dick de Ridder, Frank J.T. Staal, Monique M.A. Verstegen, Gerard Wagemaker
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2006)

Top of pageAbstract
The oncogenic risk of retrovirus mediated gene transfer has received major attention and is a considerable safety concern. To analyze the mechanisms involved we have identified integration sites in life-long monitored primary and secondary recipient mice of bone marrow cells transduced with an MLV retroviral vector. In these mice, clones with integrants by definition originate from longterm repopulating stem cells. Vector integrations were identified by LAM-PCR. To determine gene expression levels in the target population for transduction, we performed microarray analyses of Lin-/Sca-1+/c-kit+ cells, which are highly enriched for hematopoietic stem cells. This was done both for unstimulated cells and for cells subjected to 2 days of stimulation with Flt3-ligand, TPO and SCF, similar to the standard transduction protocol. Subsequently, we analyzed the integration sites relative to the gene expression profile of these immature cells. The results of the analysis showed that (i) as much as 81% (80% in growth factor stimulated cells) of the retrovirus integrations occur near genes expressed in mouse hematopoietic stem cells and that, in addition, (ii) the probability of integration is strongly correlated with the expression levels of the surrounding genes. This was observed for genes within 10 kb as well as up to 100 kb upstream or downstream of virus integration sites. Frequently hit genes were Evi1, the RNA-binding protein PCBP1 and the B-cell receptor-associated protein Bcap29. Furthermore, (iii) genes upregulated by growth factor stimulation did not display a higher frequency of retroviral landing than other expressed genes. An initial network-based analysis demonstrated that (iv) virus integrations clustered near genes involved in cancer, cell cycling, signal transduction, connective tissue development and function and, perfectly in line with the targeted stem cells, hematopoietic development and function. Thus, retroviral vector integrations in cells capable of long-term hematopoietic reconstitution occur preferentially near highly expressed genes with specific functions in immature hematopoietic stem cells.
Capsule Endoscopy 2005: Results of the 2005 International Consensus Conference - Introduction
Authors: B. S. Lewis, J. F. Rey, E. G. Seidman
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Capsule endoscopy has now been approved as a diagnostic device in Europe and North America. Over the past 4 years, application of this technology has increased dramatically and at present there are over 2500 systems in service throughout the world. Despite this worldwide acceptance of capsule endoscopy as the state-of-the-art method for small-bowel imaging, numerous issues remain. At the Fourth International Conference on Capsule Endoscopy (ICCE), held in March 2005, 127 leaders in the field from around the world were asked to develop a consensus in six different areas: intestinal preparations and prokinetics; obscure gastrointestinal bleeding; inflammatory bowel disease; celiac disease; esophageal capsule endoscopy; and capsule retention. Of these expert physicians, 48 % were from Europe, 37 % from North America, 10 % from Japan, 3 % from Australia, and 2 % from the rest of the world. Each of the six groups had an advisory panel that worked in advance of the conference to compile the evidence-based material for that particular field. Each of the panel members prepared an address on a topic related to the subject, which was delivered to the group as a whole at the meeting. The issues were then opened to general discussion. The design for the consensus was thus similar to that used by the United States National Institutes of Health for the development of a “white” paper. Over two days, approximately 25 physicians in each group met and discussed in depth the issues presented by each panel. Consensus was built, and the following papers detail each of the six groups’ work and findings.
NEUTRAL TRIS OXIME COMPLEXES OF TECHNETIUM(III)
Authors: K. E. Linder, E. N. Treher, P. N. Juri, T. Feld, B. L. Kuczynski, R. K. Narra, A. D. Nunn
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1988)

A new class of neutral Technetium(III) complexes has been discovered; these complexes, which contain three oxime ligands and a halogen, are seven-coordinate intermediates in the synthesis of our boron-capped myocardial and brain imaging agents (BATO complexes). We report here the chemistry and biodistribution of these new compounds. The tris oxime complexes, TcCl(DMG)3 and TcCl(CDO)3 (DMG = dimethylglyoxime, CDO = cyclohexanedionedioxime), can be prepared from TcO4−, using triphenylphosphine (99-Tc) or SnCl2 (99m-Tc) as the reductant. The compounds have been fully characterized by elemental analysis, NMR, FAB and FD-MS and conductivity. An x-ray crystal structure of TcCl(DMG)3 reveals that the Tc is bonded to three N-bonded DMG ligands and a chlorine atom in a face-capped trigonal prismatic array. Biodistribution studies in rats show that several of the tris oxime complexes exhibit significant myocardial uptake. Washout from the heart was slower than is seen with the boron-capped complex, TeCl (CDO)3MeB (SQ 30,217).
Hospital bed utilisation in the NHS and Kaiser Permanente
Authors: Shah Ebrahim, Stephen Frankel, George Davey Smith
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Editor—Ham et al report that bed days used for a range of common diagnoses among people aged 65 and over are substantially higher in the NHS than in US managed care programmes.1

Stroke admissions contribute most to the extra bed days in the NHS and also show the largest relative differences from the US comparators. Comparable incidences are not available, but mortality, a reasonable proxy, shows that the United States has much lower rates of stroke than the United Kingdom: age adjusted stroke mortality in the United States is about 35% lower at age 35-74 and 49% at age 75-84.2

However, admission rates for Medicare in California and the United States are about 45% higher than in the NHS, Kaiser's rates being broadly similar. The higher Medicare stroke admission rates in the face of lower incidence seem likely to be due to a higher proportion of readmissions among US patients. A considerable proportion of the longer average stay for NHS patients must simply show that more British patients are admitted only once, rather than repeatedly. Furthermore, the NHS bed days include days spent in intermediate care beds, but these post-acute bed days are not included for the US data.

Randomised controlled trials of stroke units show clear benefits for long term disability and mortality, with none of the trials in a Cochrane systematic review reporting median lengths of stay of less than 13 days.3 That high quality stroke care is consistent with US managed care stays of only four to six days seems implausible. Elderly people with strokes (and other conditions) can be discharged rapidly, but if the consequences are readmission from a failure to apply effective clinical interventions this hardly constitutes successful management.

Ham et al suggest that patients should be “co-providers” of their care. The vision of stroke patients admitted, then readmitted would be a perfect satire on the “cost is all” view of “saving” the NHS, if it were not clear that this message would be greeted enthusiastically by government.
The missing developmental dimension in the network perspective
Authors: Sam Wass, Annette Karmiloff-Smith
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2010)

We welcome network theory as a tool for modelling the multi-directional interactions that characterise disease. However, we feel that Cramer et al. have neglected one important aspect: how diseases change over developmental time. We discuss principles such as fan in, fan out, bottlenecks, and common pathways, and argue that modelling these developmental aspects can be vital, particularly in deriving properly targeted treatments.
Sustained Reentry in the Left Ventricle of Fibrillating Pig Hearts
Authors: Jack M. Rogers, Jian Huang, Sharon B. Melnick, Raymond E. Ideker
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

It has been proposed that ventricular fibrillation (VF) is driven by sustained reentry. However, mapping studies have not detected such "mother rotors" in large mammalian hearts. We mapped VF from three 21x12 unipolar electrode arrays in 6 pigs. Two of the arrays were adjacent to each other on the left-ventricular epicardium. Electrode spacing was 2 mm. The third array consisted of 21 needles (0.5-mm diameter, 12 electrodes, 1-mm spacing) inserted in a row (2-mm spacing) between the epicardial arrays. A total of 88 5-second VF epochs were analyzed with automatic reentry detection algorithms. Although intramural reentry was sporadically present (29 total occurrences), it was always short-lived with a mean life span of 127+/-57 ms. However, in 3 of the 6 animals, sustained epicardial reentry (ie, reentry persisting for more than a few cycles) was consistently present, often lasting for several seconds. For each epoch, we computed indices characterizing (1) the relative duration of reentry on the two epicardial arrays (R), (2) the flow of wavefronts between epicardial arrays (W), and (3) the relative activation rates of the two epicardial arrays (F). R did not correlate with either W or F indicating that rotor-containing regions did not produce a net outflow of wavefronts and were not faster than neighboring regions. Thus, sustained epicardial, but not intramural, rotors were consistently present in some large animal hearts during VF. However, we found no evidence that these rotors were responsible for sustaining VF through the mechanisms outlined in the mother rotor hypothesis.
Lymphodepletion followed by infusion of suicide gene-transduced donor lymphocytes to safely enhance their antitumor effect: a phase I/II study
Authors: S Maury, M Rosenzwajg, R Redjoul, A Marcais, A Xhaard, M Cherai, L Cabanne, G Churlaud, F Suarez, G Socié, L Gregoire, K Debbache, C Bernard, J-L Beaumont, N Azar, O Boyer, F Roudot-Thoraval, J L Cohen, C Cordonnier, F M Lemoine, D Klatzmann
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Implications of an evolutionary biopsychosocial model
Authors: Harmon R. Holcomb
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1995)

Abstract Mealey's work has several interesting implications: It refutes the charge that sociobiology paints a cynical portrait of human nature and adopts a one-sided reductionism; it exemplifies a general theoretical scheme for constructing evolutionary biopsychosocial models of human behavior; and it has the practical effect of promoting and informing early intervention in children at risk for psychopathic disorder.
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Mediates Delayed Myocardial Protection Induced by Activation of Adenosine A <sub>1</sub> Receptors
Authors: Tingcun Zhao, Lei Xi, Jeya Chelliah, Joseph E. Levasseur, Rakesh C. Kukreja
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background —The mechanism of delayed preconditioning induced by activation of adenosine A 1 receptors (A 1 ARs) is not fully understood. We determined the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in mediating adenosine-induced late cardioprotection using pharmacological inhibitors and iNOS gene–knockout mice. Methods and Results —Adult male mice were treated with saline or an A 1 AR agonist, 2-chloro- N 6 -cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA). Twenty-four hours later, the hearts were perfused in Langendorff mode and subjected to 30 minutes of global ischemia followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion. 8-Cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX; 0.1 mg/kg IP) and S -methylisothiourea (SMT; 3 mg/kg IP) were used to block A 1 ARs and iNOS, respectively. Infarct size (IS) was measured by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, and iNOS expression was measured by Western blots. Myocardial IS was reduced from 24.0±3.2% in the saline group to 12.2±2.5% in CCPA-treated mice ( P &lt;0.05). The infarct-reducing effect of CCPA was abrogated by DPCPX (29.3±3.4%) and SMT (32.3±2.6%) and was absent in mice with targeted ablation of iNOS (23.9±1.6%). CCPA produced improvement in postischemic end-diastolic pressure, developed pressure, and rate-pressure product, which was also blocked by DPCPX and SMT. Increased iNOS protein expression observed in CCPA-treated hearts was diminished by DPCPX. Conclusions —Selective activation of A 1 ARs produces delayed cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion injury in the mouse. Increased iNOS expression concomitant with the lack of protective effect of A 1 AR activation in iNOS gene–knockout mice suggests a direct cause-and-effect relationship of iNOS in adenosine-induced late cardioprotection.
Energetics of chloride secretion in canine tracheal epithelium. Comparison of the metabolic cost of chloride transport with the metabolic cost of sodium transport.
Authors: M J Welsh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

Canine tracheal epithelium secretes Cl and absorbs Na; the energy for both is derived from the activity of the basolateral membrane Na-K-ATPase. These properties allowed us to examine the energetics of Cl secretion by directly comparing the metabolic cost of Cl transport with the metabolic cost of Na transport. We measured the change in short-circuit current and O2 consumption rate that was produced by a variety of maneuvers that alter Na and/or Cl transport rate. The experimental interventions included the use of the secretagogue epinephrine, the Cl transport inhibitor bumetanide, the Na transport inhibitor amiloride, the Na-K-ATPase inhibitor ouabain, and ion substitutions. The O2 consumption rates required for Na and Cl transport were compared in each individual tissue. The results indicate that the oxygen cost of Cl transport is significantly less than the oxygen cost of Na transport: two to four Cl ions are transported for the same metabolic cost that is required to transport one Na ion. These findings suggest that the basolateral membrane Na-dependent Cl entry step couples the entry of more than one Cl ion to each Na ion.