tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mechanics of Breathing in Sarcoidosis of Lung
Authors: Er Yi Ting
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Previous studies have revealed that the major abnormality of pulmonary function that occurs in sarcoidosis of the lung is reduction of the diffusing capacity.<sup>1-9</sup>Other defects that have been found in this disease include a decrease in lung volume,<sup>1,2,5,6,8,11,12</sup>decrease in the maximal breathing capacity,<sup>1,12</sup>increase in airway resistance,<sup>2,8</sup>mild hyperventilation with hypocapnea, oxygen desaturation of arterial blood,<sup>1,8,10</sup>and a normal or reduced compliance.<sup>2,8,10</sup>The present study was designed to investigate pulmonary function in a group of patients with sarcoidosis of the lung, with particular emphasis on studies of respiratory mechanics and their relationship to other functional changes. <h3>Clinical Material</h3> Thirty patients were studied (Table 1). Sarcoidosis was confirmed in 26 of them by tissue biopsy and in four by clinical measures (Table 2). The group was comprised of 12 males and 18 females, of which 21 were Negro, six, white, and three, Puerto
Linear palmo-plantar porokeratotic hamartoma
Authors: M. Fimiani, P. Rubegni, L. Andreassi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1996)

Journal Article Linear palmo‐plantar porokeratotic hamartoma Get access M. Fimiani, M. Fimiani Department of Dermatology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Rubegni, P. Rubegni Department of Dermatology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar L. Andreassi L. Andreassi Department of Dermatology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 135, Issue 3, 1 September 1996, Pages 492–494, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb01529.x Published: 01 September 1996
Interferon therapy in LKM-1 positive patients with chronic hepatitis C: follow-up by a quantitative radioligand assay for CYP2D6 antibody detection
Authors: Jean-Charles Duclos-Vallée, Mikio Nishioka, Naoki Hosomi, Keiji Arima, Anne Leclerq, Jean-François Bach, Ana Maria Yamamoto
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
The Symbol of Medicine: One Snake, Not Two
Authors: David O. Parrish
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> I was dismayed to read "A Piece of My Mind" in the January 20 issue of<i>JAMA</i>not for the content, which I enjoyed, but for the title and its questionable meaning.<sup>1</sup> The caduceus, with two snakes, is not the symbol of medicine. The staff of Asklepios or the staff of Aesculapius, with one snake, is considered the true symbol of medicine. This symbol is seen repeatedly in statues of Hippocrates. The caduceus was a symbol of Hermes, who was not considered to be an upstanding sort and to "take up the caduceus" would be to follow Hermes. This is yet another unfortunate misuse of the caduceus to represent a symbol of the medical profession. Although it is misused frequently by drug companies and uninformed physicians, the true symbol of the medical profession can be seen on the seal of the American Medical Association. This
Additional Events in the RE-LY Trial
Authors: Stuart J Connolly, Lars Wallentin, Salim Yusuf
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

To the Editor: Boehringer Ingelheim recently conducted a targeted review of the 1387 deaths that occurred during the Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy (RE-LY) trial, 1 which evaluated the effects of two doses of dabigatran, as compared with warfarin, on rates of stroke or systemic embolism and major bleeding.Also included in this review were the deaths of 6 patients who did not undergo randomization and 10 deaths that occurred after the end of the study.This review was conducted to determine whether a concurrent event may have occurred with respect to each death, even though such an event was not originally reported.In addition, all fatal bleeding episodes, hemorrhagic strokes, and hospitalizations for trauma were similarly
Cross sectional study of young people's awareness of and involvement with tobacco marketing
Authors: L. MacFadyen
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objectives:</b> To examine young people9s awareness of and involvement with tobacco marketing and to determine the association, if any, between this and their smoking behaviour. <b>Design:</b> Cross sectional, quantitative survey, part interview and part self completion, administered in respondents9 homes. <b>Setting:</b> North east England. <b>Participants:</b> Stratified random sample of 629 young people aged 15 and 16 years who had "opted in" to research through a postal consent procedure. <b>Results:</b> There was a high level of awareness of and involvement in tobacco marketing among the 15–16 year olds sampled in the study: around 95% were aware of advertising and all were aware of some method of point of sale marketing. Awareness of and involvement with tobacco marketing were both significantly associated with being a smoker: for example, 30% (55/185) of smokers had received free gifts through coupons in cigarette packs, compared with 11% (21/199) of non-smokers (P&lt;0.001). When other factors known to be linked with teenage smoking were held constant, awareness of coupon schemes, brand stretching, and tobacco marketing in general were all independently associated with current smoking status. <b>Conclusions:</b> Teenagers are aware of, and are participating in, many forms of tobacco marketing, and both awareness and participation are associated with current smoking status. This suggests that the current voluntary regulations designed to protect young people from smoking are not working, and that statutory regulations are required.
Abstract LB-444: SATB2 is a novel prognostic factor in colorectal cancer
Authors: Kirsha Naicker, Donal Brennan, Rut Klinger, Fredrik Ponten, Karin Jirstrom, Jacintha O'Sullivan, William M. Gallagher, Darran P. O'Connor
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract SATB2 is a nuclear matrix-associated transcription factor that orchestrates gene expression in a tissue-specific manner by regulating higher order chromatin structure. Using antibody-based screening of 48 normal human tissues and 20 cancer types, we identified SATB2 as a protein almost exclusively expressed in gastrointestinal tissue. Differential expression of SATB2 was observed in colorectal cancer, with loss of expression occurring along the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. We further confirmed this observation at the mRNA level in 10,533 colorectal cancer samples. Additionally, SATB2 expression was markedly decreased in a metastatic variant of SW480 colon cancer cells and siRNA knockdown of SATB2 expression in parental SW480 cells increased their growth and migratory capacity. Ectopic expression of SATB2 in the metastatic variant reversed the observed phenotype. Using tissue microarray and automated image analysis of SATB2 expression in colorectal cancers (n=309), SATB2 was demonstrated by multivariate Cox regression analysis to be an independent predictor of disease-specific survival (HR=0.52, 95% CI 0.32-0.83, p=0.006) and loss of SATB2 expression significantly correlated with poor differentiation (p=0.001). SATB2 mRNA levels were examined in a second cohort (n=290) and again, SATB2 was demonstrated to be an independent predictor of disease-specific survival (HR=0.40, 95% CI 0.18-0.92, p=0.031). Interestingly, in colorectal cancer patients, SATB2 levels significantly correlate with CD3+ T-cell infiltrates in the tumours (p=0.006) and inversely correlate with COX2 expression (p=0.019). Gene set enrichment analysis in two independent colorectal cancer cohorts (n&amp;gt;500) revealed that SATB2 low tumours demonstrate altered immune signalling with significant increases in IFN-gamma(p=0.001), IL6 (p=0.021) TFGβ (p&amp;lt;0.001). Furthermore, in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (n&amp;gt;1000), we observed a significant correlation between loss of SATB2 expression and occurrence of future cancers (p=0.013). We therefore postulate that SATB2 acts as a master regulator of the inflammatory response in the gut and loss of expression is significantly associated with the progression of colorectal cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-444. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-444
Liver Abscess after Perforation of Liver by a Fish Bone
Authors: N. D. Gower, N. C. Mond, D. Owen
Journal: BMJ (1961)

MUof the angle was found to be bulging forward over a mass the size of a plum.Several millilitres of pus spurted out when the dura was incised, and the remainder was evacuated by suction.Necrotic bone was removed from beneath the dura.Material sent for examination proved bacteriologically sterile.After treatment with antibiotics there was a gradual remission of all symptoms and signs.
Selective hepatobiliary transport of nordeoxycholate side chain conjugates in mutant rats with a canalicular transport defect
Authors: Ronald P. J. Oude Elferink, Jan de Haan, Karel J. Lambert, Lee R. Hagey, Alan F. Hofmann, Peter L. M. Jansen
Journal: Hepatology (1989)

Canalicular transport of bilirubin diglucuronide, dibromosulfophthalein and several glutathione conjugates is deficient in mutant TR − rats. In contrast, transport of cholyltaurine (taurocholate), a conjugated bile acid, is normal. Previous studies using normal rats have shown that C 23 nor-dihydroxy bile acids are conjugated with sulfate or glucuronide during hepatic transport in contrast to the natural C 24 bile acids, which are amidated with glycine or taurine. Studies were performed to test the hypothesis that (a) in the TR − rat, nordeoxycholate would be conjugated with glucuronate or sulfate just as in the normal rat, and (b) that such conjugates would have defective biliary secretion. [C 23 - 14 C]Nordeoxycholate was administered intravenously to bile fistula rats (TR − and normal), and the biliary recovery of metabolites was assessed by chromatography and mass spectrometry. In both groups of rats, the major biotransformation product of nordeoxycholate was the side chain (23-ester) glucuronide. Conjugation on the nucleus with sulfate and glucuronide at the 3-position (ethereal linkage) also occurred, as well as amidation at the C 23 carboxylic acid group. In the mutant rats, biliary secretion of the 3-sulfate and 3-glucuronide conjugates was less than 10% and 1%, respectively, of that of normal rats, whereas biliary secretion of the 23-ester glucuronide and the 23-taurine amidate, as well as unchanged nordeoxycholate, was not decreased. Canalicular secretion of nor-bile acid 3-ether glucuronides and 3-sulfates appears to involve the “bilirubin transport system,” which is deficient in mutant rats. Canalicular secretion of unconjugated, amidated or esterified nordeoxycholate is mediated via another pathway, probably the “bile acid transport system.” It is speculated that the “bile acid transport system” transports large organic anions with one (or more) negative charges on one side chain (“unipolar anions”), whereas the “bilirubin transport system” transports large organic anions with at least two separate negative side chains tentatively termed “multipolar anions,” which include the 3-sulfates and 3-glucuronides of bile acids.
UK government is failing to meet health needs of detainees
Authors: Lynn Eaton
Journal: BMJ (2005)

The UK government is detaining asylum seekers who have health needs for long periods, despite this being against stated policy. The legal charity Bail for Immigration Detainees has also accused the government of failing to meet detained asylum seekers' health needs.

The charity engaged a doctor from Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) in April and May 2004 to assess 13 adults and 3 children, detained under the Immigration Act, in an attempt to apply for their release on bail on health grounds. Medecins Sans Frontieres was so concerned at the lack of protection for asylum seekers held in detention that it published a report in November 2004 highlighting the issues raised.

The legal charity's report, Fit to be Detained , published this week, describes …
Military and Civilian Preventive Medicine
Authors: Albert H. Schwichtenberg
Journal: JAMA (1963)

THE MILITARY SERVICES have traditionally exhibited leadership in the field of preventive medicine, which is the hallmark of a good military medical program as it is of public health everywhere.  I have often thought there has been neither the proper understanding nor public recognition of the enormous accomplishments in preventive medicine of the military medical services in World War II, especially in the Pacific Theater of Operations. The general health and fitness of large groups of men were maintained in areas of our earth where serious diseases are constantly endemic and enormous losses due to these causes were to be expected. Indeed the losses from disease have often changed the course of military operations, resulting in disaster. Many thousands of men and women are alive today because of the extraordinary success of the efforts in preventive medicine. Only historical perspective can provide the understanding that military success in this area
Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Patients without HIV Infection
Authors: Edward E. Telzak, Kent Sepkowitz, Peter Alpert, Sharon Mannheimer, Franz Medard, Wafaa El-Sadr, Steve Blum, A. Gagliardi, Nadim Salomon, Glenn Turett
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1995)

Investigations of outbreaks of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis have found low rates of treatment response and very high mortality, and they have mainly involved patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. For patients without HIV infection, one study reported an overall rate of response to treatment of 56 percent, and the mortality from tuberculosis was 22 percent. We investigated treatment response and mortality rates in 26 HIV-negative patients in New York with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.We obtained detailed data from seven teaching hospitals in New York City on patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis--defined as tuberculosis resistant at least to isoniazid and rifampin--who were HIV-negative on serologic testing. Lengths of times from diagnosis to the initiation of appropriate therapy and from the initiation of appropriate therapy to conversion to negative cultures were assessed. Therapeutic responses were evaluated by both microbiologic and clinical criteria.Between March 1991 and September 1994, 26 HIV-negative patients were identified and treated. Of the 25 patients for whom adequate data were available for analysis, 24 (96 percent) had clinical responses; all 17 patients for whom data on microbiologic response were available had such a response. The median times from diagnosis to the initiation of appropriate therapy and from the initiation of therapy to culture conversion were 44 days (range, 0 to 181) and 69 days (range, 2 to 705), respectively. Side effects requiring the discontinuation of medication occurred in 4 of 23 patients (17 percent) who were treated with second-line antituberculosis medications. The median follow-up for the 23 patients who responded and who received appropriate therapy was 91 weeks (range, 41 to 225).In this report from New York City, HIV-negative patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, contrary to previous reports, responded well to appropriate chemotherapy, both clinically and microbiologically.
Werner's The Thyroid: A Fundamental and Clinical Text
Authors: David S. Cooper
Journal: JAMA (1987)

Since the first edition was published in 1955, Werner's<i>The Thyroid</i>has maintained its status as the bible of modern thyroidology. Under the editorship of Ingbar and Braverman, the new fifth edition is a fitting successor to the previous four volumes. With a 40% increase in pages (and a commensurate increase in weight), the text encompasses the recent advances in the field. There are new chapters on the epidemiology of thyroid disease, thyroglobulin, thyroidstimulating immunoglobulins, thyroid hormone resistance, thyroid carcinoma, thyroid needle biopsy, and thyroid disease in infancy and childhood, among others. Every chapter is written by a recognized authority, and the writing is, in general, clear and concise. A notable addition is the chapter on thyroid hormone action written by Kenneth Sterling, who has not been a proponent of the more mainstream nuclear receptor hypothesis. The book is organized along lines similar to those of previous editions, with sections
SOME FUNDAMENTAL FACTORS IN THE TREATMENT OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: S. H. Stewart
Journal: BMJ (1928)

BrTTISHr MEDICAL JOURN-AL fibrillation, heart-block, and branch bundle lesion are all common in syphilis, while the " larne sileiit heart " is sometimes caused by it, anld I lhave known instances of syphilitic pericarditis.Infective endocarditis sometimes gives a positive Wassermnaun reaction, anid it is assumed in this case that such a reaction does not meanl syphilis.It is, however, in-teresting that Byrom Bramwell,3 in a book publislhed before tlhe Wassermann test camo into vogue, gives syphilis as ono of the causes of infective endocarditis; so acute ani observer m-ust have had good reason for his belief.Symptoms.Broadly speaking, symptoms of heart failure aro thlo same, whether the undeerlyinig cause is syphilis or somethinlg else.It has beeni asserted that nocturnal dyspiuoea is characteristic of cardiac syphilis.This has not been my exper ience, but as many of my cases are early cases of syphilis it is possible that if we take only advanced cases nocturnal dyspnoea mav be more frequent.The one characteristic symptom of syphilis in my cases was cardiac pain, wlich was present in 70 per cent., but this pain has not usually the characteristic features of a classical angina pectoris.In my experienice the great majority of typical cases of angina arei not due to syphilis.The pain in tho
The Immunobiology of Interleukin-27
Authors: Hiroki Yoshida, Christopher A. Hunter
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2015)

Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is a cytokine with strikingly diverse influences on the immune response. Although it was initially linked with the development of Th1 responses, it is now recognized as a potent antagonist of different classes of inflammation through its ability to directly modify CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell effector functions, to induce IL-10, and to promote specialized T regulatory cell responses. Although this aspect of IL-27 biology has provided insights into how the immune system prevents hyperactivity in the setting of infectious and autoimmune inflammation, in vaccination and cancer models the stimulatory effects of IL-27 on CD8(+) T cell function appear prominent. Additionally, associations between IL-27 and antibody-mediated disease have led to an interest in defining the impact of IL-27 on innate immunity and humoral responses in different disease states. The maturation of this literature has been accompanied by attempts to translate these findings from experimental models into human diseases and by efforts to define where IL-27 might represent a viable therapeutic target.
Case for Transabdominal Repair of Esophageal Hiatal Hernia
Authors: Jere W. Lord
Journal: JAMA (1962)

Fifty per cent of esophageal hiatal hernias are probably asymptomatic. Of patients with hiatal hernias, 38% have cholelithiasis, whereas approximately 25 per cent have duodenal ulcers. Only approximately one-third of patients with hernias have the characteristic symptom complex of regurgitant peptic esophagitis. Massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the presence of a sliding hernia is frequently associated with a low lying gastric or duodenal ulcer. These facts suggest that transabdominal approach for the repair of hiatal hernia is necessary for proper exploration of the abdomen. Satisfactory repair can be performed by this approach. Eight case reports illustrate the problems encountered which favor transabdominal approach, as well as the manner in which the difficult complications of this entity—such as peptic esophagitis with stricture—can be dealt with.
The NIH “E-Biomed” Proposal — A Potential Threat to the Evaluation and Orderly Dissemination of New Clinical Studies
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1999)

Dr. Harold Varmus, director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), recently circulated for comment a bold and wide-ranging proposal for NIH sponsorship of a Web site for the publication of all new biomedical-research reports.1,2 Called “E-biomed,” the proposed site would have a powerful search system allowing free and convenient access to research data from all biomedical fields, including clinical studies as well as basic scientific research. The NIH would provide financial, technical, and administrative assistance to initiate the program but would not be the owner or rule maker. Instead, policies would be established by a governing board representing . . .
PNEUMONIA.THE STUDY OF A SERIES OF CASES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DIAGNOSIS AND COMPLICATIONS.
Authors: JOSEPH SAILER
Journal: JAMA (1904)

The following is a summary of the result obtained from a study of 65 cases of croupous pneumonia and allied conditions observed in the wards of the Philadelphia Hospital during the past winter. The service at this hospital is peculiar. Many eases of pneumonia are transferred from the out-ward, which, as the Philadelphia Poorhouse. contains a large proportion of seniles. A considerable proportion is also transferred to the medical from the alcoholic wards, cases developing in patients brought in for treatment for delirium tremens. The remaining eases are nearly all obtained from the most indigent classes of Philadelphia. As a result, we find that pneumonia runs a comparatively severe course and complications of a grave form are exceedingly common. The statistical information ordinarily obtained from the cases in the present instance are, therefore, of little importance and may be dismissed briefly. The ages of the patients were as follows:
GRAFTING FOR THE CURE OF EPITHELIOMA.
Authors: P. D. KEYSER
Journal: JAMA (1894)

The removal of epitheliomaby the knife or caustic has so far, been seldom, if ever a permanent cure, and as this disease appears mostly on the face especially near the eyes or mouth and in persons advancing in years, it becomes a source of distress and pain as well as a blemish, and in the removal by knife or caustic often a very defective scar is left with contractions of the lids and mouth which interfere with the natural and proper use of those parts. Transplanting from neighboring parts creates a greater defect, really defacing two parts; that where the epithelioma was, and that from which the piece of skin transplanted was taken. The drawing of the edges of the wound together where the disease is cut out causes very much contraction, interfering with the opening of the eyes or mouth. Even after such an operation, return of the disease
Does This Dizzy Patient Have a Serious Form of Vertigo? Comment and Correction
Authors: Winston Warr
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —The article by Dr Froehling and colleagues<sup>1</sup>addressing the clinical examination of patients with dizziness has severe limitations. The authors rely on a study by Herr et al<sup>2</sup>that has serious faults: only 46% of the eligible patients were enrolled in that study, the authors were unable to follow up on 16% of the patients after they left the emergency department to see if serious causes of dizziness were missed, and the criterion standard for determining the presence or absence of a serious cause of illness was the physician's diagnosis and 16% of the diagnoses had to be changed in retrospect. Froehling et al state, in referring to the study by Herr et al, "Patients who had the highly specific cluster of positive results on the head-hanging test and either vertigo or vomiting almost always had a nonurgent peripheral vertigo (a finding with high specificity,