tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of nitrous acid on lung function in asthmatics: a chamber study.
Authors: W S Beckett, M B Russi, A D Haber, R M Rivkin, J R Sullivan, Z Tameroglu, V Mohsenin, B P Leaderer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Nitrous acid, a component of photochemical smog and a common indoor air pollutant, may reach levels of 100 ppb where gas stoves and unvented portable kerosene heaters are used. Nitrous acid is a primary product of combustion and may also be a secondary product by reaction of nitrogen dioxide with water. Because the usual assays for nitrogen dioxide measure several oxides of nitrogen (including nitrous acid) together, previous studies of indoor nitrogen dioxide may have included exposure to and health effects of nitrous acid. To assess the respiratory effects of nitrous acid exposure alone, we carried out a double-blinded crossover chamber exposure study with 11 mildly asthmatic adult subjects. Each underwent 3-hr exposures to 650 ppb nitrous acid and to filtered room air with three 20-min periods of moderate cycle exercise. Symptoms, respiratory parameters during exercise, and spirometry after exercise were measured. A statistically significant decrease in forced vital capacity was seen on days when subjects were exposed to nitrous acid. This effect was most marked at 25 min and 85 min after exposure began. Aggregate respiratory and mucous membrane symptoms were also significantly higher with nitrous acid. We conclude that this concentration and duration of exposure to nitrous acid alters lung mechanics slightly, does not induce significant airflow obstruction, and produces mild irritant symptoms in asthmatics.
Rapid detection of pneumococcal antigen in serum samples for diagnosing pneumococcal pneumonia
Authors: J. Domínguez, F. Andreo, S. Blanco, J. Ruiz-Manzano, C. Prat, I. Latorre, N. Galí, R. Rivelo, L. Matas, V. Ausina
Journal: Journal of Infection (2005)
Observations on ischaemic contracture of the heart ('stone heart')
Authors: D. K. C. COOPER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1975)

Ischaemic contracture of the heart ('stone heart') – a condition in which the myocardium becomes irreversibly contracted – was observed in eight of 47 dogs following death from asphyxia. This phenomenon did not occur in hearts ischaemic for less than 30 min, but was seen in six of eight hearts anoxic for more than 60 min. In five of these animals serum electrolyte estimations suggested an unusual imbalance of potassium and calcium ion exchange. No other significant features were observed to differentiate this group from hearts which remained flaccid following ischaemic cardiac arrest. The possible association of this condition with a disturbance of calcium ion exchange is discussed in the light of other observations.
Management of Intraocular Foreign Bodies
Authors: D. Jackson Coleman, Birgitta C. Lucas, Mark J. Rondeau, Stanley Chang
Journal: Ophthalmology (1987)

Thirty-five consecutive cases of perforating ocular injuries with retained intraocular foreign body (IOFB) are examined in this retrospective study. Of the 35 cases with injuries, 30 (86%) were due to metallic foreign bodies. Of these, 25 (83%) involved foreign bodies of ferromagnetic origin. Magnetic extraction in combination with pars plana vitrectomy (or when possible, magnetic extraction alone) was successfully used to remove these foreign bodies. Even in cases where posterior vitrectomy is indicated, magnetic extraction allows good control of the foreign body during removal minimizing surgical trauma and the subsequent postoperative inflammatory response.
Mass spectrometry for translational proteomics: progress and clinical implications
Authors: Erin Baker, Tao Liu, Vladislav A Petyuk, Kristin E Burnum-Johnson, Yehia M Ibrahim, Gordon A Anderson, Richard D Smith
Journal: Genome Medicine (2012)

The utility of mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic analyses and their clinical applications have been increasingly recognized over the past decade due to their high sensitivity, specificity and throughput. MS-based proteomic measurements have been used in a wide range of biological and biomedical investigations, including analysis of cellular responses and disease-specific post-translational modifications. These studies greatly enhance our understanding of the complex and dynamic nature of the proteome in biology and disease. Some MS techniques, such as those for targeted analysis, are being successfully applied for biomarker verification, whereas others, including global quantitative analysis (for example, for biomarker discovery), are more challenging and require further development. However, recent technological improvements in sample processing, instrumental platforms, data acquisition approaches and informatics capabilities continue to advance MS-based applications. Improving the detection of significant changes in proteins through these advances shows great promise for the discovery of improved biomarker candidates that can be verified pre-clinically using targeted measurements, and ultimately used in clinical studies - for example, for early disease diagnosis or as targets for drug development and therapeutic intervention. Here, we review the current state of MS-based proteomics with regard to its advantages and current limitations, and we highlight its translational applications in studies of protein biomarkers.
Excess weight causes nearly 4% of new cancers a year worldwide
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Nearly four in every 100 new cancers in adults each year are attributable to high body mass index (BMI), global figures have shown. And about two thirds of these obesity related cancers occur in Europe and North America.

Researchers analysed 2012 data from several sources, including the GLOBOCAN database on cancer incidence and mortality in 184 countries, to estimate the proportion of cancer cases associated with excess body weight.1 They …
Protected Carotid-Artery Stenting versus Endarterectomy in High-Risk Patients
Authors: Jay S. Yadav, Mark H. Wholey, Richard E. Kuntz, Pierre Fayad, Barry T. Katzen, Gregory J. Mishkel, Tanvir K. Bajwa, Patrick Whitlow, Neil E. Strickman, Michael R. Jaff, Jeffrey J. Popma, David B. Snead, Donald E. Cutlip, Brian G. Firth, Kenneth Ouriel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

Carotid endarterectomy is more effective than medical management in the prevention of stroke in patients with severe symptomatic or asymptomatic atherosclerotic carotid-artery stenosis. Stenting with the use of an emboli-protection device is a less invasive revascularization strategy than endarterectomy in carotid-artery disease.
Ten per cent of English girls have HPV by age of 16, survey shows
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2007)

By the age of 16 at least 10% of girls in England have become infected with one or more strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), a major study of HPV prevalence in girls and young women has shown.

Researchers from the Health Protection Agency tested 1483 women and girls aged 10 to 29 years from across England for four strains of the virus: types 6, 11, 16, and 18. Types 6 and 11 are associated with genital warts in particular, while types 16 and 18 are thought to be causative agents in an estimated 70% of cervical cancers. Their findings are reported …
Ulnar deviation is not always rheumatoid.
Authors: M Zuber, C Braun, M Pfreundschuh, W Puschel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1996)

Case report A 46 year old right handed white female presented in January 1995 with a two year his- tory of ulnar deviation of the metacarpo- phalangeal (MCP) joints on both hands.Dur- ing the past couple of months the extent of ulnar deviation had increased rapidly and swan neck formation of the proximal interphalangeal joints of the fourth and fifth finger of her left hand had developed.There were synovial swellings of the second to fifth MCP joints on both hands, which were much more pronounced on the left side.Eventually the patient could not open her left hand because of incomplete extension of the MCP joints (fig 1A).She was concerned because of the fixed flexion deformity of her MCP joints which caused inability to use her left hand properly.She did not complain of pain.The MCP joints of the patient were swollen but no signs of inflammation were present.The joint swelling was firm.No redness, tenderness, or warmth was present.There was tendon crepitus elicited on the extensor heads.No swelling of any other joints was visible.The patient denied morning stiffness, pain, and symptoms of past arthritis of any joint.There were no rheumatoid nodules and x ray showed no erosive signs of arthritis.The patient had a history of breast carcinoma of the left side which was cured by surgery in 1992.Apart from the deformity she felt well.Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C reactive protein, protein electrophoresis, full blood count, and blood chemistry were normal.Rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibody tests were negative.The suspected diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis could not be established.A connective tissue disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus was not present; therefore the symptoms could not be interpreted as Jaccoud's arthropathy.The patient did not have nail pitting and skin lesions suggesting an inflammatory arthritis such as psoriatic arthri- tis.There were no clues for the underlying
Deposition of Tetracyclines in Urinary Calculi
Authors: William P. Mulvaney, Carl W. Beck, Majid A. Qureshi
Journal: JAMA (1964)

THE DEPOSITION and distribution of tetracyclines in body tissues has been a subject of recent interest. Their deposition in teeth, osseous tissue, and several pathologic lesions has been investigated. Tetracyclines given to patients for infectious disease may be retained as a relatively insoluble complex with calcium in the mineralized tissues. In a manner similar to lead, alizarin, and radioactive isotopes of some elements, tetracyclines are deposited in relatively "hot spots" in the less than 1% of the skeleton which is recognized as exchangeable, reactive, or labile. Urist and Ibsen<sup>1</sup>reported that the "oxytetracycline molecule is too large to fit anywhere except on the surface of the apatite crystal and is bound to it." In another report<sup>2</sup>they found that organic matrix substances in bone appear to inhibit binding of oxytetracycline. They demonstrated that calcium reacts in a specific stoichiometric proportion to produce a fluorescent complex that appears as bright
Interaction of Helicobacter pylori and its fatty acids with parietal cells and gastric H+/K(+)-ATPase.
Authors: W Beil, C Birkholz, S Wagner, K F Sewing
Journal: Gut (1994)

Helicobacter pylori and the fatty acids produced by this organism were compared for their acid inhibitory activity in isolated parietal cells and their interaction with gastric H+/K(+)-ATPase. H pylori (intact organisms, sonicates, methanolic extracts, and extracts from culture medium) and the fatty acids cis 9,10-methyleneoctadecanoic acid and tetradecanoic acid inhibited at fairly high concentrations histamine- and dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate stimulated acid production in isolated parietal cells, dissipated (with a slow onset) the H+/K(+)-ATPase created H+ gradient in gastric membrane vesicles, and inhibited H+/K(+)-ATPase activity in a concentration dependent manner. The inhibitory potency of H pylori and the fatty acids in relation to H+/K(+)-ATPase depended on the amount of membrane protein. Bovine serum albumin prevented enzyme inhibition and proton dissipation from gastric vesicles. The data indicate that H pylori establishes its antisecretory action in parietal cells by blocking H+/K(+)-ATPase activity and also by a detergent action at the apical parietal cell membrane. The fatty acids cis 9,10-methyleneoctadecanoic acid and tetradecanoic acid are probably the acid inhibitory factors secreted by H pylori.
Developing ANDI: A Novel Approach to Health Product R&amp;D in Africa
Authors: Solomon Nwaka, Tshinko B. Ilunga, Jorge Santos Da Silva, Emiliano Rial Verde, Doan Hackley, Raymond De Vré, Tom Mboya-Okeyo, Robert G. Ridley
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2010)

The Health in Action section is a forum for individuals or organizations to highlight their innovative approaches
Self regulation at work: a case study
Authors: W. Hamilton, N. Bradley
Journal: BMJ (1999)

Professional self regulation is besieged. Reports of fraudulent, or incompetent, doctors appear almost daily. Even the General Medical Council's mantra, “Protecting patients, guiding doctors,” suggests that patients need defending against doctors intent on harming them. Headline abuses of medical privilege do occur, yet there is danger in denouncing self regulation without recognising its strengths.

WH is deaf. He is a 40 year old job sharing principal and a general practitioner trainer. He probably became deaf as a teenager, but his deafness has become a practical problem only within the past few years. His deafness is moderately severe with a loss of some 100 decibels. Even with powerful bilateral hearing aids, much of his hearing is visual.

> Communication was always adequate and mostly excellent 

How can a deaf general practitioner practise? Differently, is the answer. Despite high technology, telephone conversations are impossible, so all calls go to his secretary, and those requiring a personal reply are made using her as a third party. Lip …
Inhibition by barium and glibenclamide of the net loss of 86Rb+ from rabbit myocardium during hypoxia
Authors: C Jiang, T Crake, P A Poole-Wilson
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1991)

The aim was to determine the effects of barium ions and glibenclamide on the hypoxia induced K+ efflux from rabbit myocardium.Experiments were performed on the isolated interventricular septum of the rabbit perfused with a physiological solution through the septal artery. The stimulation rate was 90 beats.min-1 and the temperature 32 degrees C. The flux of 86Rb+ was used as a surrogate of K+ fluxes.Septa were obtained from adult male New Zealand white rabbits.The uptake of 86Rb+ by the septum could be fitted to a single exponential curve with a rate constant of 0.024(SEM 0.001) min-1 (n = 14). Washout experiments were performed in which septa were labelled with 86Rb+ and then perfused with unlabelled solution for 60 min. The rate constants for the efflux of 86Rb+ were similar and were 0.022(0.001) min-1 (n = 13) for radioactivity in the tissue and 0.029(0.001) min-1 (n = 13) for radioactivity in the effluent. These rate constants were similar to those reported previously for 42K+. Septa were labelled for 150 to 180 min with 86Rb+ and then perfused with a hypoxic substrate free solution for 15 min followed by reoxygenation. The net loss of 86Rb+ was calculated to be equivalent to 4.00(0.20) mmol.kg-1 wet tissue of K+ (n = 8) and in washout experiments (n = 6) this loss was shown to be due to increased efflux. Ba2+, 0.1 mM and 1.0 mM, added at the onset of hypoxia decreased net tissue loss of 86Rb+ by 64(6)% (n = 5) and 97(1)% (n = 6) respectively (both p less than 0.01). Glibenclamide (0.1 mM) decreased tissue net loss by 52(3)% (n = 6, p less than 0.01).Part of hypoxia induced net K+ loss in this preparation can be attributed to activation of ATP sensitive K+ channels but other mechanisms are also involved.
Rheumatoid synovial endothelial cells secrete decreased levels of tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP1)
Authors: C. J Jackson, J. Arkell, M. Nguyen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1998)

<h3>OBJECTIVES</h3> Angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels) is a major component of the inflammatory pannus in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) secretion by microvascular endothelial cells is an essential step in angiogenesis. The secretion of MMP1, MMP2, MMP9, and TIMP1 by human microvascular endothelial cells derived from RA synovium (RASE) to normal synovium (NSE) and neonatal foreskin (FSE) was compared. <h3>METHODS</h3> Confluent monolayers of endothelial cells in basal medium were pre-incubated for 24 hours in the presence or absence of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA, 100 ng/ml). MMP1 activity was measured using a spectrophotometric assay and western blotting. MMP2 and MMP9 were measured using zymography. TIMP1 was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and western blotting. <h3>RESULTS</h3> There was little difference between the amounts of MMP2 secreted by any of the cell lines. In response to PMA both synovial cell types showed a significantly higher MMP1 and MMP9 activity compared with FSE, although there was no difference between RASE and NSE. Tumour necrosis factor α had minimal effect on MMP activity. There was a striking decrease in the amount of TIMP1 secreted by RASE compared with normal synovium. <h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3> As overall MMP activity is a balance between the amount of MMP and TIMP1 present, the low levels of TIMP1 produced by RASE would shift the balance in favour of increased MMP activity by these cells. This is likely to contribute to the angiogenic potential of RASE.
The Last GASP Wasn't-Reply
Authors: Stephen H. Norris
Journal: JAMA (1990)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> The controversy over animal experimentation goes far beyond questions of providing for humane and considered treatment of sentient living subjects. The emotional issue of animal welfare has been manipulated by some animal rights activists to discredit, disrupt, and threaten biomedical scientists and their work. My essay "The Last GASP" lampooned those who would destroy the experimental foundations of our science in the name of animal liberation by suggesting through hyperbole a direction their activities might lead us. My intent was not to demean or ridicule genuine concern for animal welfare, a sentiment shared by all persons of good will, scientists and satirists included.
Effects of increasing intercellular resistance on transverse and longitudinal propagation in sheep epicardial muscle.
Authors: M Delmar, D C Michaels, T Johnson, J Jalife
Journal: Circulation Research (1987)

Propagation in cardiac muscle is faster in the longitudinal than in the transverse axis of the cells. Yet, as a result of the larger upstroke velocity of action potentials propagating transversely, it has been suggested that longitudinal propagation is more vulnerable to block. To study the relation between conduction velocity and maximal upstroke velocity (Vmax), as well as the time course of conduction delay and block in the transverse vs. longitudinal direction, thin square pieces of sheep epicardial muscle were superfused with the cellular uncoupler heptanol (1.5 mM). Action potentials were recorded with microelectrodes at opposite corners of the preparation while stimulating alternately in the longitudinal or transverse direction with bipolar electrodes located at contralateral corners. In all cases, block occurred more promptly for transverse than for longitudinal propagation. The decrease in conduction velocity was greater than expected for Vmax decay and, in some cases, Vmax increased while conduction velocity decreased. In the presence of high grade conduction impairment, foot potentials appeared and the upstrokes became "notched." We conclude that when intercellular coupling is impaired, transverse propagation is more vulnerable to block, and need not be dependent on changes in Vmax.
CASES OF PERFORATIONS OF THE STOMACH AND DUODENUM
Authors: R. L. Spittel
Journal: BMJ (1912)

PERFORATIONS OF STOMACH AND DUODENUM.6[MAY 2j, 1OI2.due to mischief in the appendix.It is infinitely commoner than ruptured gastric ulcer, acute pancreatitis, impacted gall stones, or strangulated bowel.Remember that the pain in the first instance is not always localized to the appendix region, but may be referred to the umbilicus or elsewhere in the abdomen.There may be nausea, there may be rise of temperature and accelerated pulse, but -there nearly always is as a constant symptom tense rigidity of the right rectus.This, to my mind, is the key to the situation.It is Nature's effort to protect a sick appendix.This rigidity in conjunction with two or more of the recognized classical symptoms should muake diagnosis no very difficult matter.In womeln it is not always easy to differentiate chronic appendicitis from chronic right tubal or ovarian mischief, but these are chronic cases, and careful examination per abdomen and per vaginam may help one, but I have seen several cases where even at the time of operation, and subsequently by pathological ex- amination, it was quite impossible to say whether the appendix or the right tube and ovary were first affected.Both appendix and tube have been matted together, both inflamed and involved in a similar infective process.It is safe, perhaps, to conclude that if the opposite tube is normal the mischief arose in the appendix, but if both tubes are the seat of pyosalpinx or saipingitis then it is probable that the appendix became involved secondarily, but to enter into this question is beyond the scope of this paper.It has been said that he gives twice over who gives quickly, and I am sure that that surgeon confers a double benefit upon his patienit who operates quickly as soon as appendicitis is diagnosed: I shall be amply repaid if any.thing I have said will add by ever so little to the accumu- lating weight of evidence in favour of early operation in this disease.
A Textbook of Comparative Endocrinology
Authors: William Montagna
Journal: JAMA (1962)

This is a comprehensive, much-needed textbook. The scientists who are not familiar with the mountainous literature on comparative endocrinology will find in this volume a fountain of information, thoughtfully gathered and succinctly presented. In each of its 16 chapters, the specific endocrine system is introduced and identified together with some of the historical background of its discovery. The anatomical and histological features of the endocrine systems are discussed, and in some cases there is a good account of their morphogenesis. In most cases, the authors give a rundown of the organs in each of the classes of vertebrates. The chemical nature of the secretion and the physiology of its action are discussed. The cellular level of action of hormones, hormone interaction, and control systems are elucidated. The practical use of hormones and the rationale for using them is particularly useful. The treatment of the chemistry of the various hormones is
Reversal of chloral hydrate overdose with flumazenil.
Authors: K. L. Donovan, D. J. Fisher
Journal: BMJ (1989)

Erythromelalgia due to calcium antagonists may be more frequent than reported.It is probably often reported as flushing or paraesthesia of the hands and feet.Doctors prescribing these drugs should be aware of this inverse Raynaud's phenomenon and withdraw the drug(s) before sending their patients for extensive investigations.1
Schistosomiasis mekongi diagnosed by rectal biopsy.
Authors: G Lorette, M R Jaafar, M F Grojean, T Duong
Journal: BMJ (1983)

Schistosoma mekongi, a parasite of the dog which is endemic in small foci along the Mikong river, is rarely seen in Europe. A case of schistosomiasis caused by S mekongi was recently seen in France, in a native of Laos who had been living in Thailand. He was admitted for treatment of previous diagnosed tuberculoid leprosy but was found to have hepatosplenomegaly, with a high eosinophil count and high bilirubin concentrations. Serological examination suggested schistosomiasis, but there were no parasites in the urine and the rectal mucosa looked normal on endoscopy. Nevertheless, rectal biopsy showed schistosomal proctitis and many ova of S mekongi. Two courses of praziquantel cleared the ova from his rectal mucosa. Although serological examination using S mansoni antigen suggested schistosomiasis, only biopsy of normal looking rectal mucosa allowed the diagnosis to established.