tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nicotine and the Antidiuretic Hormone
Authors: Donald J. Dalessio
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To the Editor:—  In discussing the patient with idiopathic edema or periodic swelling, George W. Thorn, MD ( 206 :333, 1968), stated that drugs, including nicotine, inhibit the secretion of the antidiuretic hormone. At least in some patients, just the converse is true with respect to nicotine. For example, if a patient is given a water load and then immediately smokes several cigarettes vigorously, particularly if he is a nonsmoker, there is a prompt fall in urine output, in spite of his relative overhydration. This is presumably due to stimulation of the posterior pituitary gland by the nicotine, with eventual elaboration of the antidiuretic hormone. While studying certain central effects in headache, we had the opportunity to demonstrate this observation repeatedly ( Arch Neurol  5 :590, 1961). I believe that this response to nicotine was employed formerly as an old clinical test for diabetes insipidus.  Some patients with idiopathic swelling are long-term
Exercise-Related Hematuria-Reply
Authors: Arthur J. Siegel
Journal: JAMA (1979)

In Reply.—  Dr Whisnant's letter speaks directly to the problem of differentiating between benign hematuria after exercise and hematuria that is secondary to the organic pathological condition of the urologic system. I agree that features of the hematuria itself and the presence or absence of the symptoms are unreliable in establishing this differential.  The clinician must exercise clinical judgment in deciding which patients with hematuria should be subjected to invasive testing. Exercise-related hematuria appears to be common, self-limited, and resultant from some form of mucosal trauma to the lower urinary tract. Dr Whisnant agrees that such cases are common. In our study we found 18% of marathoners positive for some degree of hematuria. If 40,000 runners participate in marathons in the coming year, as indicated by projections from the National Running Data Center, then as many as 8,000 persons might be expected to manifest this abnormality.  I cannot agree that
Judge over-rules family's wish that patient should be allowed to die
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2006)

England's senior family judge has ruled that a woman in a persistent vegetative state (PVS) should be given a sleeping pill that has been reported to temporarily wake up PVS patients, despite the wishes of her family that she should be allowed to die with dignity. 

Mark Potter, president of the High Court's family division, backed the official solicitor, acting for the 53 year old woman, who argued that the drug zolpidem should be given a brief trial before a final decision was made to discontinue artificial nutrition and hydration. 

The woman, who cannot be named, is in a PVS …
The Alteration of Physicians' Orders by Nonphysicians
Authors: Brian J. Ellinoy
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.—  Based on 15 years of experience as a participant/consultant in the development of totally computerized patient medical record systems, I found the report by Finn et al1in the May 6 issue ofJAMAconcerning non-physician alteration of physician laboratory orders to be hardly surprising. In fact, it seemed to be quite predictable given (1) the current paper-based medical record system that requires ancillary personnel to spend considerable time processing physician orders, orders that are often illegible, incomplete, misspelled, and illogical and (2) a medical system that requires physician reliance on memory for many information-processing tasks rather than offering information guidance at the time of ordering.  What may not be realized is that solutions to the previously mentioned problems already exist and have been available for approximately 15 years. I refer to computerized order transfer systems, which enable the physician personally to enter orders for laboratory
Reporting System for Violent Deaths and Youth Suicide
Authors: Michael D. Parkinson
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Nitroglycerin Ointment and Electrical Resistance
Authors: Charles J. Minnich
Journal: JAMA (1982)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The chest application of nitroglycerin ointments for the treatment of angina pectoris was implicated in a recent issue ofThe Journal, in a letter by Parke and Higgins (1982;248:427), as a potential source of increased electrical resistance of the skin-defibrillation paddle interface. Despite attempts at thorough cleansing and skin preparation with alcohol wipes, similar nitroglycerin ointment interference with electrical conductivity has caused consternation in two other diagnostic modalities that we are aware of—Holter monitoring and transtelephonic arrhythmia monitoring (where chest electrodes are being used in lieu of wrist bracelets). With the previous correspondents, we would like to emphasize that patients should avoid putting the ointment in the area of the chest where defibrillation paddles or ECG chest electrodes are normally placed.
TLR agonists regulate alloresponses and uncover a critical role for donor APCs in allogeneic bone marrow rejection
Authors: Patricia A. Taylor, Michael J. Ehrhardt, Christopher J. Lees, Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari, Arthur M. Krieg, Arlene H. Sharpe, William J. Murphy, Jonathan S. Serody, Hiroaki Hemmi, Shizuo Akira, Robert B. Levy, Bruce R. Blazar
Journal: Blood (2008)
Hemodynamic Study of a Case of Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Drainage
Authors: W. HWANG, O. PREC, K. KURAMOTO, S. SEGALL, L. N. KATZ
Journal: Circulation (1950)

Complete drainage of the pulmonary veins into the right heart is one of the rarest and most severe congenital cardiac anomalies. The X-ray studies may suggest this diagnosis if pulmonary veins enter either coronary sinus or inferior vena cava. In the case reported, right heart catheterization and angiocardiography were used and the diagnosis of persisent left superior vena cava and partial direct drainage of the pulmonary veins into right auricle was made.
Recapitulation of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors in Human Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type I Syndrome via <i>Pdx1</i>-Directed Inactivation of <i>Men1</i>
Authors: H.-C. Jennifer Shen, Mei He, Anathea Powell, Asha Adem, Dominique Lorang, Charles Heller, Amelia C. Grover, Kris Ylaya, Stephen M. Hewitt, Stephen J. Marx, Allen M. Spiegel, Steven K. Libutti
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal syndrome caused by mutations in the MEN1 tumor suppressor gene. Whereas the protein product of MEN1, menin, is ubiquitously expressed, somatic loss of the remaining wild-type MEN1 allele results in tumors primarily in parathyroid, pituitary, and endocrine pancreas. To understand the endocrine specificity of the MEN1 syndrome, we evaluated biallelic loss of Men1 by inactivating Men1 in pancreatic progenitor cells using the Cre-lox system. Men1 deletion in progenitor cells that differentiate into exocrine and endocrine pancreas did not affect normal pancreas morphogenesis and development. However, mice having homozygous inactivation of the Men1 in pancreas developed endocrine tumors with no exocrine tumor manifestation, recapitulating phenotypes seen in the MEN1 patients. In the absence of menin, the endocrine pancreas showed increase in cell proliferation, vascularity, and abnormal vascular structures; such changes were lacking in exocrine pancreas. Further analysis revealed that these endocrine manifestations were associated with up-regulation in vascular endothelial growth factor expression in both human and mouse MEN1 pancreatic endocrine tumors. Together, these data suggest the presence of cell-specific factors for menin and a permissive endocrine environment for MEN1 tumorigenesis in endocrine pancreas. Based on our analysis, we propose that menin's ability to maintain cellular and microenvironment integrity might explain the endocrine- restrictive nature of the MEN1 syndrome.
The Dying Experience
Authors: Michael Steinberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters1 August 1997The Dying ExperienceMichael Steinberg, MDMichael Steinberg, MDUniversity of Virginia Health Science Center; Charlottesville, VA 22902Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-127-3-199708010-00016 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:The conclusions drawn by Lynn and colleagues [1] from their study of the perceptions of family members of the deaths of seriously ill patients paint a bleak picture of death in the modern hospital. Several points seemed to me to be misleading, however, or at least incongruous with those conclusions.First, the proportion of patients in this study who had cardiorespiratory disease, failure, or cancer was high; one would therefore expect dyspnea, even severe dyspnea, to be present in the final days. Other than sedation to the point of stupor with or without mechanical ventilation, I am ...References1. Lynn J, Teno JM, Phillips RS, Wu AW, Desbiens N, Harrold J, et al. Perceptions by family members of the dying experience of older and seriously ill patients. Ann Intern Med. 1997; 126:97-106. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Michael Steinberg, MDAffiliations: University of Virginia Health Science Center; Charlottesville, VA 22902 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byBecky's Legacy: Personal and Professional Reflections on Loss and Hope 1 August 1997Volume 127, Issue 3Page: 242-243KeywordsDyspneaFatigueIntubationLungsMotivationPatientsPerceptionResuscitationSedationVentilators ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 August 1997 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
COMMON MISTAKES IN THE TEACHING OF PHYSICAL TRAINING
Authors: H. B. Hill
Journal: BMJ (1925)

I NIP~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MDJCAL JOURNAIL of all possible irritants was made, with the following findiiigs:The "dry shampoo" contained approximately 50 per cenit.water and 48 per cent.alcohol.There was a lheavy deposit of a gritty nature present which proved to be almost entirely potassium carbonate.Small quanitities of colour- ing matter and scent were present also.It is to be noted that no pyridine was present.The bottles are of necessity slhaken before use, and it may be conieluded that the
Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentrations Amplify <i>Alternaria alternata</i> Sporulation and Total Antigen Production
Authors: Julie Wolf, Nichole R. O’Neill, Christine A. Rogers, Michael L. Muilenberg, Lewis H. Ziska
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

BackgroundAlthough the effect of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration on pollen production has been established in some plant species, impacts on fungal sporulation and antigen production have not been elucidated.ObjectiveOur purpose was to examine the effects of rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations on the quantity and quality of fungal spores produced on timothy (Phleum pratense) leaves.MethodsTimothy plants were grown at four CO2 concentrations (300, 400, 500, and 600 μmol/mol). Leaves were used as growth substrate for Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium phlei. The spore abundance produced by both fungi, as well as the size (microscopy) and antigenic protein content (ELISA) of A. alternata, were quantified.ResultsLeaf carbon-to-nitrogen ratio was greater at 500 and 600 μmol/mol, and leaf biomass was greater at 600 μmol/mol than at the lower CO2 concentrations. Leaf carbon-to-nitrogen ratio was positively correlated with A. alternata spore production per gram of leaf but negatively correlated with antigenic protein content per spore. At 500 and 600 μmol/mol CO2 concentrations, A. alternata produced nearly three times the number of spores and more than twice the total antigenic protein per plant than at lower concentrations. C. phlei spore production was positively correlated with leaf carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, but overall spore production was much lower than in A. alternata, and total per-plant production did not vary among CO2 concentrations.ConclusionsElevated CO2 concentrations often increase plant leaf biomass and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. Here we demonstrate for the first time that these leaf changes are associated with increased spore production by A. alternata, a ubiquitous allergenic fungus. This response may contribute to the increasing prevalence of allergies and asthma.
Doctors told to declare all income or risk investigation and high penalties
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2010)

The interaction between the nervous system and immune system has sparked interest in recent years. Emerging evidence shows an intricate neuro-immune network. Studies revealed that neurotransmitters can trigger immune cell responses such as cytokine secretion, integrin expression, and chemotaxis. We were intrigued by the expression of various neurotransmitter receptors on mouse T lymphocytes. Specifically, following TCR stimulation, glutamate receptors (GluR) were significantly upregulated on both CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup>T cells, with a peak at 48 h. Concomitant with the upregulation of activation molecules CD69, CD25 and CD44, proliferating CD8<sup>+</sup>T cells presented higher levels of GluR3 and GluR1 when compared with non-proliferating cells, as well as a higher production of IFN-g and granzyme B. Based on the augmentation of GluR expression upon T cell activation, we evaluated the role of GluR signaling in modulating T cells in orthotopic mammary tumors that express a low avidity epitope of a model antigen hemagglutinin (4T1HA). We found that HA-reactive CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells in the tumor-infiltrate had an upregulated expression of GluR3 and GluR1 when compared with control group. The blockade of GluR signaling down-regulated expression of CD69 and CD25, impaired T cell proliferation, and interfered with their cytolytic activity. Early TCR-activation pathways such as Lck/Akt as well as calcium signaling were affected by GluR antagonists, suggesting their signaling interaction. Overall, data suggest that glutamate receptors may have costimulatory effects on T cell activation and glutamate agonists may boost T cell response in an immunosuppressive setting such as cancer.
Current Status of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Industry-Sponsored Oncology Clinical Trials and Product Labels
Authors: Kathleen Gondek, Pierre-Philippe Sagnier, Kim Gilchrist, J. Michael Woolley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Assessing patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in clinical trials is of interest to clinicians, patients, regulators, and industry. The use and impact of PROs is a growing area of methodologic research, particularly as they relate to tumor types, biomarkers, and various patient populations and cultures. Both the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products in recent guidance have acknowledged the need to account for treatment-related impact on patient symptoms and/or health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Clinical research likely reflects the informative value of PROs. A search of www.clinicaltrials.gov, the FDA Web site, and product package inserts was conducted to assess the inclusion of symptom assessment and HRQOL within industry-sponsored clinical trials in cancer and approved cancer therapies and their respective product labels. Overall, there were 2,704 industry-sponsored oncology trials, of which 322 (12%) included a PRO measure. Of the 70 FDA new or revised labels, only six package inserts include PRO data. Symptoms were assessed uniformly across the phases of clinical trials, whereas HRQOL assessment increased in the later phases of clinical trials. Collecting PRO data can enhance our understanding of cancer burden and the impact of interventions on patients' lives.
Effect of Strophanthus on Coronary Blood Flow and Cardiac Oxygen Consumption of Normal and Failing Human Hearts
Authors: R. J. BING, F. M. MARAIST, J. F. DAMMANN, A. DRAPER, R. HEIMBECKER, R. DALEY, R. GERARD, P. CALAZEL
Journal: Circulation (1950)

The action of strophanthus preparations on the coronary blood flow and the oxidative metabolism of the normal and failing human heart has been studied by coronary sinus catheterization. It has been found that strophanthus preparations have no effect on the coronary flow or oxidative metabolism of either the normal or failing heart. This agrees with the concept that the oxidative metabolism (energy production) of the failing heart in vivo is not abnormal. The results indicate that this drug is responsible for causing more effective conversion of oxidative energy into work.
A STUDY OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN STRUCTURE
Authors: C. Baglioni, D. Cioli
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1966)

Urinary proteins of patients with myeloma, prepared by precipitation with ammonium sulphate, have been separated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 after reduction and aminoethylation. Many specimens separated into a major peak of Bence Jones protein and into minor peaks of albumin, a protein tentatively identified with heavy chain and a smaller molecular weight protein corresponding to the variable portion of the corresponding Bence Jones protein. The Bence Jones protein purified by gel filtration was analyzed by electrophoresis and by peptide mapping after tryptic digestion. The peptide maps of 24 type K and 20 type L Bence Jones proteins were compared. A set of common peptides was identified in the peptide maps of the Bence Jones proteins of the same type; the common peptides of type K proteins were completely different from the common peptides of type L proteins. The patterns of distinctive peptides was compared; no similarities were found between distinctive peptides of type K and of type L proteins. Some similarities were observed in the distinctive peptides of proteins of the same type. The similarities involved in many cases peptides containing cysteine, whereas similarities in other peptides were limited. This observation suggested that the amino acid sequence around the cysteines of the variable NH(2)-terminal half of the Bence Jones proteins may show less variability than other sequences. A few proteins of the same type differed in all their distinctive peptides, an indication that multiple amino acid differences exist between individual Bence Jones proteins. The genetic mechanisms responsible for the variability in the amino acid sequence of the NH(2)-terminal half of the light chains of immunoglobulins are discussed in view of the results of the comparison by peptide mapping of the Bence Jones proteins.
Determination of Human Coronary Artery Composition by Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: James F. Brennan, Tjeerd J. Römer, Robert S. Lees, Anna M. Tercyak, John R. Kramer, Michael S. Feld
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background We present a method for in situ chemical analysis of human coronary artery using near-infrared Raman spectroscopy. It is rapid and accurate and does not require tissue removal; small volumes, ≈1 mm 3 , can be sampled. This methodology is likely to be useful as a tool for intravascular diagnosis of artery disease. Methods and Results Human coronary artery segments were obtained from nine explanted recipient hearts within 1 hour of heart transplantation. Minces from one or more segments were obtained through grinding in a mortar and pestle containing liquid nitrogen. Artery segments and minces were excited with 830 nm near-infrared light, and Raman spectra were collected with a specially designed spectrometer. A model was developed to analyze the spectra and quantify the amounts of cholesterol, cholesterol esters, triglycerides and phospholipids, and calcium salts present. The model provided excellent fits to spectra from the artery segments, indicating its applicability to intact tissue. In addition, the minces were assayed chemically for lipid and calcium salt content, and the results were compared. The relative weights obtained using the Raman technique agreed with those of the standard assays within a few percentage points. Conclusions The chemical composition of coronary artery can be quantified accurately with Raman spectroscopy. This opens the possibility of using histochemical analysis to predict acute events such as plaque rupture, to follow the progression of disease, and to select appropriate therapeutic interventions.
Measurement in Medicine: The Interpretation of Numerical Data
Authors: Alvan R. Feinstein
Journal: JAMA (1970)

Although statistical discipline has brought many obvious intellectual benefits to clinical research, thought ful physicians and statisticians have begun to recognize the existence of major defects both in the application of traditional statistical concepts to modern clinical biology, and in the performance of consultation by statistical advisers. From the viewpoint of biologic science, such prominent mathematical workers as Lancelot Hogben and Donald Mainland have decried many of the inappropriate or procrustean tactics used in contemporary statistical procedures. From the viewpoint of statistics, various biometricians have initiated public discussion of the unsatisfactory preparation received by many statisticians who act as consultants in the activities of clinical research. The clinical investigators who conduct medical surveys and therapeutic trials have become increasingly familiar with some of the overt or subtle flaws in the approaches suggested by statistical colleagues, but the clinicians, insecure about their mathematical credentials, have generally been reluctant to make waves.
The Yin and Yang of host-commensal mutualism
Authors: Sandrine Tchaptchet, Jonathan Hansen
Journal: Gut Microbes (2011)

The human body is populated by an extremely diverse group of microbes that live in a symbiotic relationship with their host. Among these, intestinal commensals are the most abundant, induce homeostatic mucosal immune responses, and fulfill physiologic functions that benefit the host. In some cases, gut symbionts, including Escherichia coli, may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic intestinal inflammation by causing dysregulated immune activation in genetically susceptible hosts. Although immune responses to bacterial products are well-characterized, the impact of intestinal inflammation on the function of commensal luminal microbes is only beginning to be elucidated. We recently reported that chronic intestinal inflammation induces commensal E. coli to upregulate stress response genes that paradoxically limit their growth in vivo. Herein, we discuss our findings in the context of host-microbial interactions in health and disease and a developing paradigm that may distinguish pathogens from commensals.