tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Lecture ON "EYE" IN SPORT: Delivered at St. Thomas's Hospital before the Medical and Physical Society
Authors: R. W. Doyne
Journal: BMJ (1910)

_6fiffizJe_I "BYE" IN SPORT.DX. 24g SIP siokness and others at varying stages of advance towards perfect reoovery, the patients severally and literally " working out their own salvation."At the present moment-and this is a pretty usual distribution-I find that more than one-third of the patients have already reached the two highest grades of activity, namely, II[ C, and III D. Taking the male patients, who happen to number 47, I find that no fewer than 17 have reached these higher stages.I have before me a detiled report of the progress of these individuals.
Falling back on charity
Authors: R. Pinker
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Christmas is the season of charitable enterprises. Last month, the London School of Economics commemorated the life and work of Professor Brian Abel-Smith, the distinguished British health economics and policy analyst. It is just over 40 years since he published his history, The Hospitals, in which he explored the mixture of professional interests and charitable sentiments that inspired the growth of the voluntary hospital movement in Britain.1

Abel-Smith was critical of the manner in which the largely unregulated exercise of clinical discretion and undirected benevolence sometimes distorted the ordering of priorities in the development of health care before 1946. At the same time, he was in no doubt that charitable endeavour and medical professionalism had always been forces for good in the enhancement of human welfare.

However, The Hospitals also stands out as a …
The prostaglandin E2 EP1 receptor mediates pain perception and regulates blood pressure
Authors: Jeffrey L. Stock, Katsuhiro Shinjo, John Burkhardt, Marsha Roach, Kana Taniguchi, Toshihisa Ishikawa, Hyung-Suk Kim, Patrick J. Flannery, Thomas M. Coffman, John D. McNeish, Laurent P. Audoly
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2001)

The lipid mediator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has diverse biological activity in a variety of tissues. Four different receptor subtypes (EP1–4) mediate these wide-ranging effects. The EP-receptor subtypes differ in tissue distribution, ligand-binding affinity, and coupling to intracellular signaling pathways. To identify the physiological roles for one of these receptors, the EP1 receptor, we generated EP1-deficient (EP1–/–) mice using homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells derived from the DBA/1lacJ strain of mice. The EP1–/– mice are healthy and fertile, without any overt physical defects. However, their pain-sensitivity responses, tested in two acute prostaglandin-dependent models, were reduced by approximately 50%. This reduction in the perception of pain was virtually identical to that achieved through pharmacological inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in wild-type mice using a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. In addition, systolic blood pressure is significantly reduced in EP1 receptor–deficient mice and accompanied by increased renin-angiotensin activity, especially in males, suggesting a role for this receptor in cardiovascular homeostasis. Thus, the EP1 receptor for PGE2 plays a direct role in mediating algesia and in regulation of blood pressure.
Noncanonical FK506-Binding Protein BDBT Binds DBT to Enhance Its Circadian Function and Forms Foci at Night
Authors: Jin-Yuan Fan, Boadi Agyekum, Anandakrishnan Venkatesan, David R. Hall, Andrew Keightley, Edward S. Bjes, Samuel Bouyain, Jeffrey L. Price
Journal: Neuron (2013)
Experience from Royal Marsden Hospital
Authors: J. Riley, C. Smith, M. Thick
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The Royal Marsden Hospital2Home (H2H) pilot programme tackles the issues and overcomes many of the barriers in generalist end of life care identified by Shipman et al.1 The hospital is a tertiary referral oncology centre, and therefore “progressive disease with no further active oncological treatments” was our definition of end of life care and the trigger point for referral to our programme. The H2H clinical nurse specialist assesses each patient’s health, social, financial, and spiritual needs …
Effectiveness of hip protectors: Wider picture is important
Authors: Kenneth Nesbitt
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Ramifications of screening for breast cancerSee Research p 689 in 4 cancers detected by mammography are pseudocancersEditor-In this issue Zackrisson et al report on follow-up data from the Malmö mammographic screening trial and conclude that the rate of overdiagnosis of breast cancer was 10%. 1 They do not, however, calculate the risk we believe is most relevant to women considering mammography: What is the chance that a screen detected cancer represents overdiagnosis?After 15 years of follow-up, there were 1320 diagnosed in the screened group and 1205 in the control group (table 1).The excess detection of 115 cancers associated with screening led to their conclusion of an overdiagnosis rate of 10% (115/1205).However, because the intervention had stopped 15 years earlier and yet breast cancer cases continue to accumulate in both groups, the approach understates the risk of overdiagnosis.A more relevant denominator is the number of cancers found in the screened group at the end of the trial-741 (table 2).This addresses the question: Were I found to have cancer after being randomised to screening, how likely is it to represent overdiagnosis?As shown in the figure, using this denominator the risk of overdiagnosis is 15% (115/741).However, many of the cancers detected in the screened group are not detected by screening.They are instead clinically detected (either during the interval between screening examinations or among nonattenders).The most relevant denominator is the number of screen detected cancers found at the end of the trial.This addresses the question: Were I found to have cancer by a mammogram, how likely is it to represent overdiagnosis?Although this denominator is not reported by Zackrisson et al, the original BMJ article describing Malmö reported that 64% of the cancers detected in the screened group were detected by screening mammography. 2Thus one can deduce that the number of screen detected cancers at the end of the trial was about 475.As shown in the figure, using this denominator the risk of overdiagnosis is 24% (115/475).
A Clinical Prediction Tool for Prognosis in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis, Short-Term Glucocorticoid Therapy for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and Laryngeal Ultrasound for Prediction of Postextubation Laryngeal Edema
Authors: Ashish Tikotekar, Sugeet Jagpal, Naresh Nagella
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2014)
Herpes simplex virus skin infection in man treated with idoxuridine in dimethyl sulphoxide. Results of double-blind controlled trial.
Authors: F. O. MacCallum, B. E. Juel-Jensen
Journal: BMJ (1966)

These inquiries suggest that if treatment to influence blood- pressure is necessary at all after cerebral infarction the measures most likely to do good are those that maintain or raise blood-pressure rather than those that lower it, and the patients who most need treatment are the old people with disproportionately low pressures who suffer from symptoms of postural hypotension.We support the statement that the intensity of the pressure rise for the individual is the important thing, not an arbitrary level used to define hypertension regardless of age, sex, and other factors that influence it (Pickering, 1955), and believe that a more precise study than any at present available should be made of the systemic blood-pressure in the survivors of cerebral infarction, and that the relationship of this pressure to life expectancy after stroke should be reassessed. SummaryComparison of mortality in survivors of strokes classified by systolic blood-pressure alone, diastolic blood-pressure alone, a complex of systolic and diastolic pressures, and pulse pressure alone, failed to provide convincing evidence of an adverse effect of hypertension on mortality after cerebral infarction.(The pressure levels accepted as hypertensive were systolic 180 mm.Hg or more, diastolic 110 mm.Hg or more).There is some evidence, however, that patients with high pressures have a lower mortality in the first two months after stroke than patients with low pressures.We are indebted to Mrs.
836-4 Diagnostic value of adenosine stress magnetic resonance (MR) perfusion imaging and delayed MR hyperenhancement compared to Tl-201 SPECT and coronary angiography for detection of coronary artery disease and myocardial scar tissue
Authors: Okan Ekinci, Thorsten Dill, Jochen Hansel, Alexander Kluge, Michael Weber, Georg Bachmann, Christian W Hamm
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Slow tracking for BMJ papers
Authors: Christopher Martyn
Journal: BMJ (2005)

An editor argues against the current enthusiasm for fast tracking pages 

It seems that it all started with the Lancet .1 In 1997 it offered to publish selected manuscripts within four weeks of submission. They claimed that their motive was to get important data into the public health arena as quickly as possible, citing worrying (worrying!) instances that they and other journals had experienced of “delays in the publication of important data with major public-health messages.” Each week's delay, they asserted, is “another week during which the research findings can leak out, perhaps in distorted form, via the mass media. Without the full paper, those health-care workers who advise the public are not privy to the caveats and interpretations made by the authors of the study.”

Convinced? Well, JAMA was, and a year or two later it offered much the same thing.2 It dubbed the process EXPRESS (Expedited Peer Review and Editorial System for Science) presumably to give the impression that it was JAMA 's idea in the first place. Any number of other journals tagged along, and authors can now request fast track from the International Journal of Social Psychiatry, Neuropsychological Rehabilitation , the European Journal of Developmental Psychology , the Journal of Molecular Endocrinology , and the Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine , to name but a few. There was even a time when the Quarterly Journal of Medicine offered to fast track papers.

The BMJ has always been doubtful. As an editorial in 1999 pointed out: “It …
Skin manifestations in food allergy
Authors: Thomas Werfel
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Skin manifestations represent the most often observed clinical symptoms in food allergy. Immediate symptoms are urticaria, angioedema and sudden erythema (flush). Delayed symptoms which can be observed are exanthema and exacerbation or worsening of eczema (most often atopic dermatitis). Since delayed symptoms are difficult to diagnose, oral provocation tests are often necessary for patients with a suspected late onset of symptoms upon food ingestion. There is evidence that besides specific IgE, specific T cells play a role in the deterioration of eczema in atopic dermatitis. Although urticarial skin lesions are most often observed upon oral provocation with a suspected food, the rate of IgE‐mediated food allergy in acute or chronic urticaria is rather low. In some patients suffering from chronic urticaria, intolerance reactions are also suspected. Since no laboratory or skin tests are available yet for the identification of clinically relevant food additives causing urticaria, oral provocation tests are mandatory for these patients.
Obesity in America
Authors: KELLY M. WEST
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1980)

Editorials1 June 1980Obesity in AmericaKELLY M. WEST, M.D.KELLY M. WEST, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-92-6-854 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn 1937 the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company demonstrated in its publication of "Girth and Death" (1) that mortality rates were excessively high in obese persons and provided data on the causes of that excess mortality. For more than 50 years obesity has been one of the commonest health problems in the United States and other affluent societies. Although obese Americans now spend hundreds of millions of dollars annually trying to lose weight, the national investment in obesity-related research has been contrastingly small and progress in prevention and treatment scant. Understanding of the biochemical and neurologic mechanisms that regulate eating and...References1. . Girth and death. Stat Bull Metropol Life Ins Co. 1937;18:2-5. Google Scholar2. BRAY G, ed. Obesity in America. Bethesda: National Institutes of Health; November 1979. Available from Publications Unit, Fogarty International Center, Bldg 16A, Rm 205, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20205. (NIH Publication No. 79-359.) Google Scholar3. WEST K. Epidemiology of Diabetes and Its Vascular Lesions. New York: Elsevier: 1978. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City, Oklahoma PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByCauses for ObesityARTHUR FRANK, M.D. 1 June 1980Volume 92, Issue 6Page: 854-855KeywordsDeath ratesEatingMortalityObesityOverweight Issue Published: 1 June 1980 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Augmentation of Left Ventricular Contraction Pattern in Coronary Artery Disease by an Inotropic Catecholamine
Authors: HOWARD R. HORN, LOUIS E. TEICHHOLZ, PETER F. COHN, MICHAEL V. HERMAN, RICHARD GORLIN
Journal: Circulation (1974)

In order to assess potential improvement in abnormal left ventricular (LV) wall motion, eighteen subjects — sixteen with obstructive coronary artery disease and LV asynergy and two with no evidence of organic heart disease — were studied by cardiac catheterization and cineangiography. Ventriculograms were performed at rest and during a constant infusion of l-epinephrine (EPI) at 1-4 µg/min after an average of nine minutes steady state. EPI infusion induced augmentation of LV contraction pattern in both normal subjects and in all normal zones in the sixteen subjects with asynergy, and in no instance was contraction in a normal zone rendered abnormal. Eleven of sixteen patients showed improved contraction in previously asynergic areas, two of whom also demonstrated paradoxical motion in an abnormal zone. Of a total of forty-four resting asynergic zones, twenty-three exhibited an improved contraction pattern with EPI, one showed depressed contraction, two demonstrated both an increase and deterioration in the same zone (paradoxical motion), and eighteen showed no change. Quantitative motion analysis generally corroborated these qualitative ventriculographic observations. Heart rate, LV systolic pressure and LV end-diastolic pressure increased slightly with EPI, but were not significantly changed from control values. While there was wide variation in end-diastolic volume in the subjects with asynergy, EPI resulted in an increase in both stroke volume and ejection fraction, the latter significantly ( P &lt; 0.05). In the four subjects who subsequently underwent aneurysmectomy, preoperative lack of improvement with EPI correlated with a pathologic diagnosis of fibrosis. Other than angina pectoris of brief duration in two subjects, EPI provoked no untoward reactions, arrhythmias or complications. It is concluded that LV motion abnormalities can be improved or changed in certain cases by the inotropic stimulus of EPI, suggesting residual contractile ability; the agent may differentiate between zones of potentially functional cardiac muscle and frank fibrosis.
TCT-349 Intensive And Moderate Lipid Lowering Therapy To Prevent Progression Of Coronary Atherosclerosis In Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Kensuke Matsushita, Kiyoshi Hibi, Shotaro Kuji, Hiroyuki Suzuki, Masaomi Gohbara, Naoki Nakayama, Keiko Takano, Nobuhiko Maejima, Noriaki Iwahashi, Kengo Tsukahara, Masami Kosuge, Toshiaki Ebina, Satoshi Umemura, Kazuo Kimura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
The dictionary of virology
Authors: Dorothy H Crawford
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2009)

Recently we have witnessed an explosion in virus discovery. The highest profile of these "new" viruses is the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, which made its debut in 2001 with an alarming pandemic that infected 8000 people around the world and claimed 800 victims before it was brought under control. With new and rapid molecular techniques for virus discovery, and the recent development of mass sequencing, many new human and veterinary viruses have been discovered. These include several new polyomaviruses and picornaviruses, many of which might be pathogenic, and human bocavirus, which is implicated in childhood respiratory tract disease.
"First do no harm" revisited
Authors: D. K. Sokol
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Following the dictum means balancing moral principles



Clinicians of every ilk enjoy aphorisms. Favourites include “time is brain” and “common things are common.”

Yet, surely no medical saying is better known than “first do no harm” or, to use the Latin phrase, “primum non nocere.” PubMed shows that there are currently 393 articles with “do no harm” in the title.

Contrary to popular belief the phrase does not appear in the Hippocratic Oath or the Hippocratic corpus (Hippocrates wrote in Greek, not Latin). Rather the saying is attributed to Thomas Inman, as recently as 1860.1 That same year Oliver Wendell Holmes Senior famously remarked in a lecture to the Massachusetts Medical Society, “If the whole material medica, as now used, could be sunk to the bottom of the sea, it would be all the better for mankind—and all the worse for the fishes.’2 He observed that the injuries caused by overmedication were often masked by the disease.

“First do no harm” remains an important injunction against overtreatment. Yet, like many axioms …
Abstract 5417: HIF1α is a master regulator with the facilitate of demethylation for the hexokinase 2 expression during cancer progression.
Authors: Hyemi Kim, Hyun G. Lee, Jae Myun Lee, Jeon Han Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Hexokinase 2 (HK2) is a key enzyme of aerobic glycolysis, known as the Warburg effect. A recent report showed that the HK2 expression in glioblastoma multiforme correlates with the progression of cancer and the survival of patients. The regulation of HK2 expression in cancer cells has been explored for many decades, however the precise mechanism is not yet identified. HK2 gene has a 4-kb promoter, which contains the potential responsive elements for glucose, insulin, glucagon, TPA, cAMP and HIF1 α. However, methylation of the promoter region makes normal cells nearly silent in HK2 expression. A study showed the potential contribution of demethylation of promoter for the HK2 expression during cancer progression. In this study, we tried to identify the master regulator of HK2 expression. We performed methylation beadchip array for the comparison of methylation status of HK2 gene between normal tissues and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The 5’-UTR and 3’-UTR are densely methylated in normal tissues, but significantly demethylated in HCC. Moreover, we identified new hypoxia responsive element (HRE) through the deletion and site-directed mutagenesis study with 2-kb promoter of human HK2. The mutation of new HRE diminished the luciferase activity. Specific interaction between HIF1 α and HRE were identified by ChIP and EMSA. Then, we showed that demethylation by 5-Aza-deoxycytidine could contribute to the HK2 expression in hypoxic condition. In conclusion, we revealed the mechanism of HK2 expression and hypoxia is one of the major regulator among pre-known regulators. The sequential events, demethylation and exposure to hypoxic environments are the main requisite for the HK2 expression during the cancer progression. Citation Format: Hyemi Kim, Hyun G. Lee, Jae Myun Lee, Jeon Han Park. HIF1α is a master regulator with the facilitate of demethylation for the hexokinase 2 expression during cancer progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5417. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5417
Iron Overload Augments Angiotensin II–Induced Cardiac Fibrosis and Promotes Neointima Formation
Authors: Nobukazu Ishizaka, Kan Saito, Haruo Mitani, Ieharu Yamazaki, Masataka Sata, Shin-ichi Usui, Ichiro Mori, Minoru Ohno, Ryozo Nagai
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background— Abnormal iron deposition may cause oxidant-induced damage in various organs. We have previously reported that continuous administration of angiotensin II to rats results in an overt iron deposition in the renal tubular epithelial cells, which may have a role in angiotensin II–induced renal damage. In the present study, we investigated the role of iron in the development of cardiac injury induced by angiotensin II. Methods and Results— Angiotensin II was continuously infused to rats at a dose of 0.7 mg/kg per day for 7 consecutive days. No iron deposits were observed in the hearts of untreated rats, whereas iron deposition was seen in the cells in the subepicardial and granulation regions after angiotensin II infusion. Concomitant administration of deferoxamine, an iron chelator, significantly reduced the extent of cardiac fibrosis, which suggests that iron deposition aggravates the cardiac fibrosis induced by angiotensin II. Iron overload caused by the administration of iron-dextran resulted in an augmentation of cardiac fibrosis and the generation of neointimal cells in the coronary artery in angiotensin II–infused rats. By contrast, neointima was not formed in the cardiac vessels in norepinephrine-infused rats with iron overload. Conclusions— Cardiac iron deposition may be involved in the development of cardiac fibrosis induced by angiotensin II. In addition, iron overload may enhance the formation of neointima under conditions of increased circulating angiotensin II but not catecholamines.
The human, societal, and scientific legacy of cholera
Authors: William B. Greenough
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2004)

The recent history of research on cholera illustrates the importance of establishing research and care facilities equipped with advanced technologies at locations where specific health problems exist. It is in such settings, where scientific research is often considered difficult due to poverty and the lack of essential infrastructure, that investigators from many countries are able to make important advances. On this, the 25th anniversary of the founding of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), this article seeks to recount the Centre's demonstration of how high-quality research on important global health issues, including cholera, can be accomplished in conditions that may be considered by many as unsuitable for scientific research.