tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vegetable consumption and acute appendicitis
Authors: D. Burkitt
Journal: BMJ (1986)

1337 less informative series of separate correlations, especi- ally when the text suggests that they have actually carried out multiple regression.Thirdly, we are worried by the pattern shown in the scatter diagram reproduced in the paper.Two areas appear to have much greater appendicitis rates than the others, one of which is named in the text (Anglesey), and the significant negative correlation the authors report may reflect these outliers.We have repeated the correlation analysis omitting these two areas and obtained a lower correlation (r=-0-33, p<002).In addition, the two areas with the minimum and maximum x values are high "leverage" points,23 which means that they exert a considerable influence on any regression analysis attempted.Although these data points should not be dismissed as unrepresentative freaks, it is surely worth investigating why they have such unusual values.In this case, the authors draw attention to the possibility of spatial variation in diagnosis rates.Could not these values be explained by this factor?If so, the analysis offers little support for the authors' main conclusion.
Ordeal by ombudsman
Authors: J. Warden
Journal: BMJ (1987)

Administration of carbamazepine (CBZ) causes hypersensitivity reactions clinically characterized by skin involvement, eosinophilia, and systemic symptoms. These reactions have an immune etiology; however, the role of T cells is not well defined. The aim of this study was to characterize the specificity, phenotype, and cytokine profile of CBZ-specific T cells derived from hypersensitive individuals. Proliferation of blood lymphocytes was measured using the lymphocyte transformation test. CBZ-specific T cell clones were generated by serial dilution and characterized in terms of their cluster of differentiation and T cell receptor Vβ phenotype. Proliferation, cytotoxicity, and cytokine secretion were measured by [<sup>3</sup>H]thymidine incorporation, <sup>51</sup>Cr release, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. HLA blocking antibodies were used to study the involvement of antigen-presenting cells. The specificity of the drug T cell receptor interaction was studied using CBZ metabolites and other structurally related compounds. Lymphocytes from hypersensitive patients (stimulation index: 32.1 ± 24.2 [10 μg ml<sup>−1</sup>]) but not control patients (stimulation index: 1.2 ± 0.4 [10 μg ml<sup>−1</sup>]) proliferated upon stimulation with CBZ. Of 44 CBZ-specific T cell clones generated, 10 were selected for further analysis. All 10 clones were either CD4+ or CD4+/CD8+, expressed the αβ T cell receptor, secreted IFN-γ, and were cytotoxic. T-cell recognition of CBZ was dependent on the presence of HLA class II (DR/DQ)-matched antigen-presenting cells. The T cell receptor of certain clones could accommodate some CBZ metabolites, but no cross-reactivity was seen with other anticonvulsants or structural analogs. These studies characterize drug-specific T cells in CBZ-hypersensitive patients that are phenotypically different from T cells involved in other serious cutaneous adverse drug reactions.
COLLECTION AND FINANCE COMPANIES
Authors: H. Van Y. Caldwell
Journal: JAMA (1931)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In view of the number of letters printed inThe Journal, February 14, making complaints against certain collection and finance companies, it would appear that the problem is perennial. Several years ago, members of the Academy of Medicine of Cleveland were pestered with solicitations from a large number of collection agencies. After taking counsel, we wrote our members asking them to list with us the names and addresses of the companies with whom they had placed accounts in the few years preceding. We also asked for some comment as to the efficiency of the companies mentioned. The result was astonishing. The number of companies or individuals was four or five times larger than either the Academy or the Better Business Bureau of Cleveland realized. We then wrote to all these companies informing them that we were continually receiving requests for information from our members about them and
Pain Management in Patients with Advanced Cancer
Authors: Daniel Berland
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2000)

Letters4 April 2000Pain Management in Patients with Advanced CancerDaniel Berland, MDDaniel Berland, MDChicago Medical School; Chicago, IL 60608 (Berland)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-132-7-200004040-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Abrahm's excellent review on pain management [1] unfortunately omitted substantial information about methadone. In the 18 months since we formed a “pain team” and successfully transformed the management of pain by using principles similar to those reviewed in the article, we have gained considerable experience in the use of methadone—especially remarkable given our inner-city location and the common belief that “methadone is for drug addicts.” We now actively encourage the use of methadone, citing the following benefits: 1) It is very long-acting, allowing twice-daily or even once-daily dosing; 2) it can be given in many forms, including ...References1. Abrahm J. Management of pain and spinal cord compression in patients with advanced cancer. ACP-ASIM End-of-Life Care Consensus Panel. Ann Intern Med. 1999;131:37-46. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Ripamonti C, Groff L, Brunelli C, Polastri D, Stavrakis A, De Conno F. Switching from morphine to oral methadone in treating cancer pain: what is the equianalgesic dose ratio? J Clin Oncol. 1998;16:3216-21. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Daniel Berland, MDAffiliations: Chicago Medical School; Chicago, IL 60608 (Berland) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoManagement of Pain and Spinal Cord Compression in Patients with Advanced Cancer Janet L. Abrahm , for the ACP-ASIM End-of-Life Care Consensus Panel Metrics Cited byOpioids for Chronic Orofacial Pain with a Focus on Nonmalignant Chronic PainManagement of Cancer PainPain Management in Cancer Patients 4 April 2000Volume 132, Issue 7Page: 593KeywordsAddictsAnalgesicsDrugsEatingMorphineOpioidsOxycodonePain managementPharmacodynamicsPharmacokinetics ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 4 April 2000 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2000 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Two Drugs for Opioid Dependence
Authors: Mark B. McClellan
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bacterial colonisation of small intestine in tropical malabsorption.
Authors: A Tomkins, B S Drasar, S G Wright
Journal: BMJ (1978)

receptor content to equal extent but has a larger effect on rapidly proliferating cells than on slowly growing cells.'Recent data show that receptor-negative human breast cancers generally have a higher growth rate, as indicated by a higher labelling index and mitotic index.6The conclusions by Lipmann et al may therefore have to be amplified to state that human breast cancers with low oestrogen receptor content usually are the more rapidly growing tumours and consequently are relatively more sensitive to cytostatic treatment.
Increased CD80(+) B cells in active multiple sclerosis and reversal by interferon beta-1b therapy.
Authors: K Genç, D L Dona, A T Reder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Costimulatory molecules help determine T cell responses. CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2), costimulatory proteins on antigen-presenting cells, bind to CD28 on T cells. When costimulation is coupled with a signal through the T cell receptor (TCR), T cell proliferation and cytokine secretion are induced. However, TCR signaling without CD80/CD86CD28 costimulation causes anergy. During multiple sclerosis (MS) exacerbations, circulating immune cells are activated, Th1 cytokine levels in the blood are elevated, and blood-derived immune cells destroy brain oligodendroglia. In the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of MS, CD80 on antigen-presenting cells induces Th1 cell responses; CD86 enhances generation of Th2 cells. Variation in CD80 and CD86 expression is likely to influence immune regulation in MS. We demonstrate that the number of circulating CD80(+) lymphocytes is increased significantly during MS exacerbations, but is normal in stable MS. These CD80(+) lymphocytes are predominantly B cells, based on two-color flow cytometry. The number of CD71(+) and HLA-DR+ lymphocytes and monocytes is also increased in active MS. Therapy with IFN beta-1b markedly reduces the number of circulating CD80(+) B cells and increases CD86(+) monocyte number. HLA-DR+, CD71(+), and CD25(+) mononuclear cell numbers are also reduced by therapy. The number of CD80(+) cells may be a useful surrogate marker during IFN-beta therapy, and reduction of CD80-mediated costimulation may be one therapeutic mechanism by which IFN-beta acts in MS.
General practitioners' perceptions of sharing workload in group practices: qualitative study
Authors: Ruben Branson, David Armstrong
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b> To explore general practitioners9 beliefs and experiences of distribution of workload and teamwork between doctors in general practice. <b>Design</b> Qualitative semistructured interview study. <b>Setting</b> South London. <b>Participants</b> 18 general practitioners from 11 practices. <b>Main outcome measures</b> Perceptions and experiences of distribution of workload and teamwork between doctors. <b>Results</b> Equitable distribution of workload was a common concern among general practitioners in group practices. Several ways of addressing the problem were identified, including relying on trust, creating systems of working based on explicit rules such as points9 systems, and improving communication. Improvement of communication was hampered by the taboo nature of the problem. <b>Conclusion</b> Resentment about perceived inequalities in workload places a further burden on general practices. The issue of working together warrants further support.
Group B Streptococcal Neonatal Infection
Authors: Kenneth A. Horn
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Group B streptococcal neonatal infection is an increasing problem in this country and in Europe. Nine cases of group B streptococcal neonatal infection are reported from Ohio; these occurred over a six-month period with a case-fatality rate of 44%. Cases are divided into acute- and delayed-onset syndromes. The immunological findings of group B neonatal infections are discussed with specific regard to a survivor with group B type la organisms who demonstrated enhanced phagocytosis to B la organisms in vitro. (<i>JAMA</i>230:1165-1167, 1974)
The Electrocardiogram and Chest X-Ray in Diseases of the Heart
Authors: Irving L. Rosen
Journal: JAMA (1964)

This volume is not a conventional textbook of electrocardiography or chest radiology—it is a long-awaited demonstration of the value of interpreting electrocardiograms and chest x-rays in relation to each other and to all other available clinical data. The introductory chapters describe the normal electrocardiogram and chest x-ray and the variations produced by the physiological factors of age, habitus, and respiration. The format of the remainder of the book is similar to most texts of cardiology in that the various etiological types of heart disease are discussed in turn. The didactic presentation of each subject is brief and most of the book consists of 119 carefully selected illustrative case histories. Every common cardiac lesion and many rare ones are represented in the series. An excellently reproduced teleoroentgenogram and electrocardiogram accompany each clinical presentation. After these records have been described and interpreted, an attempt is made to integrate all the findings into
The Doctor-Patient Relationship
Authors: HARRY L. ARNOLD
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1988)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1988The Doctor-Patient RelationshipHARRY L. ARNOLD JR., M.D.HARRY L. ARNOLD JR., M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-108-6-913_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I am curious about the inconsistent spelling ofconnection as connexionin the article by Suchman and Matthews (1). As far as I can ascertain, connexion has no special significance but is merely an old spelling that has died in the United States and may be dying in Britain as well. In any event, the spelling is confusing, because the authors, by using it only part of the time, seem to attribute a special meaning to it, without telling us what that meaning is. Trickery like this should be nipped in the bud by the manuscript editors....Reference1. SUCHMANMATTHEWS AD. What makes the patient-doctor relationship therapeutic? Exploring the connexional dimension of medical care. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:125-30. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: San Francisco, CA 94118-2045 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1988Volume 108, Issue 6Page: 913-913 Issue Published: 1 June 1988 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Cardiac Arrest and CPR: Assessment, Planning, and Intervention
Authors: Robert J. Henning
Journal: JAMA (1983)

In  Cardiac Arrest and CPR , the authors attempt to address the major aspects of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Most of the information is not new, but the textbook does provide a summary of the current state of the art.  The pathophysiology of cardiac arrest, the management of the airway, and the management of cardiac arrhythmias in the setting of myocardial ischemia and cardiac arrest are briefly discussed. Flow diagrams and tables on drug therapy for cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac arrest are provided for quick review and reference. The table listing the dose effects of dopamine is incorrect, however, because the α-adrenergic effects of dopamine occur below 30 μg/kg/min. Considerable overlap of information occurs in the discussions of drug therapy. The indications for sodium bicarbonate and bretylium tosylate administration vary with the philosophies of the individual authors. The importance of tracheal administration of epinephrine when intravenous access is not readily available during cardiopulmonary
LEFT ATRIAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS ASSESSED BY REAL-TIME THREE-DIMENSIONAL SPECKLE TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH NORMAL SUBJECTS AND TWO-DIMENSIONAL SPECKLE TRACKING
Authors: Makoto Iwama, Ryuhei Tanaka, Noriyuki Onishi, Maki Nagaya, Shingo Minatoguchi, Shintaro Abe, Reiko Matsuoka, Yoshiaki Goto, Tomoko Fujii, Tai Kojima, Takeshi Hirose, Koji Ono, Shintaro Tanihata, Mami lida, Toshiyuki Noda, Sachiro Watanabe, Takatomo Watanabe, Masanori Kawasaki, Shinya Minatoguchi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
IMPACT OF PERIOPERATIVE COMPLICATION AFTER AORTOILIAC STENTING FOR PATIENTS WITH PERIPHERAL ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Kei Sato, Osamu iida, Yoshimitsu Soga, Kenji Suzuki, Terutoshi Yamaoka, Nobuhiro Suematsu, Yusuke Miyashita, Junichi Tazaki, Masaaki Uematsu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Eradicating C difficile
Authors: Tracy Hampton
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Ordering Tests in the United States and England-Reply
Authors: Arnold M. Epstein
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We agree with Dr Milligan that a comparison of British general practitioners with American general practitioners might have shown somewhat different results. As we stressed in our discussion, the British and American medical system are not directly comparable. In England, all primary care is provided by general practitioners; whereas in the United States, primary care is provided by internists, family practitioners, general practitioners, and physicians with other sorts of training. No single group of American physicians is a perfect match for British general practitioners. We do stress that the American and British<i>patients</i>we studied were very similar. Moreover, the level of test ordering should, ideally, be determined by the patient's disorder and not by what kind of doctor the patient consults. Chronic hypertension is the same disease no matter who the physician is or what his or her training. The difference we found in testing patterns applies
Mutations in<i>TERT,</i>the Gene for Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase, in Aplastic Anemia
Authors: Hiroki Yamaguchi, Rodrigo T. Calado, Hinh Ly, Sachiko Kajigaya, Gabriela M. Baerlocher, Stephen J. Chanock, Peter M. Lansdorp, Neal S. Young
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Mutations in TERC, the gene for the RNA component of telomerase, cause short telomeres in congenital aplastic anemia and in some cases of apparently acquired hematopoietic failure. We investigated whether mutations in genes for other components of telomerase also occur in aplastic anemia.We screened blood or marrow cells from 124 patients with apparently acquired aplastic anemia and 282 control subjects for sequence variations in the TERT, DKC1, NHP2, and NOP10 genes; an additional 81 patients and 246 controls were examined for genetic variations in TERT. Telomere lengths and the telomerase activity of peripheral-blood leukocytes were evaluated in patients carrying genetic variants. Identified mutations were transfected into telomerase-deficient cell lines to examine their effects and their mechanism of action on telomerase function.Five heterozygous, nonsynonymous mutations (which cause an amino acid change in the corresponding protein) were identified in TERT, the gene for the telomerase reverse transcriptase catalytic enzyme, among seven unrelated patients. Leukocytes from these patients had short telomeres and low telomerase enzymatic activity. In three of these patients, the mutation was also detected in buccal mucosa cells. Family members carrying the mutations also had short telomeres and reduced telomerase activity but no evident hematologic abnormality. The results of coexpression of wild-type TERT and TERT with aplastic anemia-associated mutations in a telomerase-deficient cell line suggested that haploinsufficiency was the mechanism of telomere shortening due to TERT mutations.Heterozygous mutations in the TERT gene impair telomerase activity by haploinsufficiency and may be risk factors for marrow failure.
Medullasin enhances human natural killer cell activity.
Authors: Y Aoki, M Sumiya, K Oshimi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Medullasin, a new serine protease found in bone marrow cells, increased markedly human natural killer cell activity. Whereas the natural killer cell activity measured immediately after the treatment with medullasin remained almost on the same level as the control, an incubation at 37 degrees C for several hours increased markedly the natural killer cell activity of the lymphocytes treated with medullasin. Enhancement of the natural cytotoxicity was caused by the treatment with physiologic concentrations of the protease (5-20 micrograms/ml). Inhibitors of medullasin such as phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and elastatinal prevented the activation of natural cytotoxicity. Depletion of lymphocytes bearing Fc receptors for IgG abolished the enhancement of natural killer cell activity by medullasin. Interferon activity was not detected in the supernatant of lymphocyte cultures stimulated with medullasin. The medullasin enhanced further the natural killer cell activity of lymphocytes stimulated with interferon. Medullasin activity was detected neither in unstimulated nor stimulated (by concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin) human lymphocytes. The protease was released easily from human mature granulocytes into culture medium. It is considered from these results that the level of human natural killer cell activity is regulated by medullasin released by mature granulocytes.
Doing what's best and best interests
Authors: John McMillan
Journal: BMJ (2005)

This case raises several important moral considerations.1 Until fairly recently people with various kinds of disability were routinely sterilised without any regard for their wishes.2 This case is clearly different in that hysterectomy was proposed as a treatment for a medical problem and not merely as contraception. People with disabilities are often assumed to lack the decision making ability or competence required to make a treatment decision simply because they have a disability. Again, this case is different because Miss Webb took part in the decision making process and efforts were made to help her think through the implications of this surgery. It is important …