tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Magnesium induced diarrhoea
Authors: T. Beer
Journal: BMJ (1991)

gonorrhoea during the first quarter of this year.As well as indicating unsafe sexual practice, gonorrhoea in women may also be a risk factor for the acquisition of HIV-I (M Laga et al, sixth international conference on AIDS, San Francisco, 1990).Surveillance of gonorrhoea in women may provide both an indication for assessing the potential for spread of HIV-I in the heterosexual community and a measure of safe sexual practice.
Abstract 1356: The Hinge (linker) region of the Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) peptide sequence can act as Hepatocyte Growth Factor/c-Met inhibitor
Authors: Leen H. Kawas, Joseph W. Harding, Brent J. Yamamoto, John W. Wright
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract The central domain interface of the HGF referred to as the hinge region is critical for proper ligand (HGF) dimerization and activation. A peptide sequence representing the hinge region acts as a hinge region mimic, by binding directly to HGF and blocking its dimerization. Ligand dimerization is a critical step in activating the HGF/c-Met signaling pathway. And the interference of this unique structure with HGF dimerization translates into inhibition of HGF-dependent signaling, proliferation, and scattering in multiple cell types at concentrations reaching down into the picomolar range. Not only was the hinge peptide sequence capable of inhibiting HGF in-vitro, but it also showed anti-c-Met/anti-cancer activity in an in-vivo study. As expected, it significantly suppresses pulmonary colonization by B16-F10 murine melanoma cells (in C57BL/6 mice), which are characterized by an overactive HGF/c-Met system. This leads to the conclusion that the hinge peptide sequence exerts its anti-cancerous activity through interfering with the HGF/c-Met system, and that more effective HGF/c-Met antagonists can be designed using the hinge region peptide as the parent compound template. The project was funded by Autzen foundation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1356. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1356
Aortic Abnormalities in Relapsing Polychondritis
Authors: James W. Hainer, Glen W. Hamilton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1969)

Although an uncommon disorder, relapsing polychondritis is an interesting systemic illness causing destruction of cartilaginous structures throughout the body. Organs of special sense as well as joints and laryngotracheal structures are frequently involved. Classically, "floppy" ears and saddle-nose deformities occur. Aortic involvement is now recognized as coexisting with striking frequency.1 , 2 The following case is the first described with a dissecting aortic aneurysm that may reflect similar changes in the aorta.Case ReportA 57-year-old American-born Japanese gardener was admitted to the University of Washington Hospital on August 5, 1968, after 4 months of bilateral ear swelling, which began when he . . .
The Role of Catecholamines in the Regulation of Pituitary Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Secretion
Authors: CHARLES A. BARRACLOUGH, PHYLLIS M. WISE
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (1982)

We have followed an arduous and often tortuous route to reach our current understanding of the physiological role of catecholamines (CAs) in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion. More often than not, the vast amounts of confusing literature on this subject have bewildered the novice and discouraged the faint of heart and, as such, research into the complexities of this system have waxed and waned over the 32 or more years since CAs first were implicated as regulators of gonadotropin secretion. Much of this confusion was due to: 1) lack of adequate methodology to measure CA secretion; 2) the use of complex and at times unusual experimental animal preparations and paradigms; 3) an inadequate understanding of the neuroanatomy of CA pathways in the brain; and 4) the use of many drugs which lack the specificity required to delineate the interplay that exists between CAs and the secretion of gonadotropic hormones. This is not to say that we now have deciphered the many complex central nervous system (CNS)-CA events that evoke preovulatory surges of LH, FSH, and PRL. Rather, we believe that we now are able to clarify some of the confusion which exists on how this neuroendocrine system functions, for with time, perseverance, and the hard work of many scientists, some of the essential functional components of this control system have been identified.
Sulindac sulfide, an aspirin-like compound, inhibits proliferation, causes cell cycle quiescence, and induces apoptosis in HT-29 colon adenocarcinoma cells.
Authors: S J Shiff, L Qiao, L L Tsai, B Rigas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1995)

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), have cancer preventive and tumor regressive effects in the human colon. They lower the incidence of and mortality from colorectal cancer and sulindac reduces the number and size of polyps in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. We studied the effect of sulindac, and its metabolite sulindac sulfide, on the proliferation of HT-29 colon adenocarcinoma cells. Both compounds reduced the proliferation rate of these cells, changed their morphology, and caused them to accumulate in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. These responses were time- and concentration-dependent and reversible. In addition, these compounds reduced the level and activity of several cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks), which regulate cell cycle progression. Sulindac and sulindac sulfide also induced apoptosis in these cells at concentrations that affected their proliferation, morphology, and cell cycle phase distribution. Sulindac sulfide was approximately sixfold more potent than sulindac in inducing these cellular responses. Our results indicate that inhibition of cell cycle progression and induction of apoptotic cell death contribute to the anti-proliferative effects of sulindac and sulindac sulfide in HT-29 cells. These findings may be relevant to the cancer preventive and tumor regressive effects of these compounds in humans.
Increasing importance of plasmid-mediated trimethoprim resistance in enterobacteria: two six-month clinical surveys.
Authors: K J Towner, N J Pearson, P A Pinn, F O'Grady
Journal: BMJ (1980)

All clinical isolates of enterobacteria received at the laboratory were monitored for trimethoprim resistance over six months in 1978. The survey was repeated in 1979 and the incidence of trimethoprim resistance showed a slight decrease, but the proportion of resistant strains owing their trimethoprim resistance to transferable R plasmids had almost trebled. There was also a large increase in the proportion of resistant strains exhibiting high-level non-transferable trimethoprim resistance. These findings suggest transposition of genes conferring trimethoprim resistance from plasmids to the bacterial chromosome.
Norepinephrine Metabolism and Drugs Used in the Affective Disorders: A Possible Mechanism of Action
Authors: JOSEPH J. SCHILDKRAUT, SAUL M. SCHANBERG, GEORGE R. BREESE, IRWIN J. KOPIN
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1967)

A fairly consistent relationship has been observed between the effects of drugs on norepinephrine metabolism in animals and the known effects of these drugs on mood in man. Data are presented suggesting that stimulants or antidepressants may increase norepinephrine at adrenergic receptors in brain whereas lithium salts, which are effective in the treatment of manic and hypomanic states, may decrease norepinephrine at receptor sites. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that some, if not all, depressions may be associated with a relative deficiency of norepinephrine at receptor sites in the brain while elations may be associated with an excess of this amine.
Defense of Hypnotism.
Authors: M. Maurice Carnes
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Cleveland, Ohio, Dec. 20, 1895. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —I have read with much surprise the note to you from Dr. W. P. Howie, Oran, Mo.,published in the issue of theJournalof December 14, in which he condemns hypnotism, along with the fallacies of clairvoyance, faith cure, etc., which intelligent men know to be frauds. But, Doctor, in the light of my extensive experience in regular practice, where I have hypnotized 1,000 cases, never once having failed to produce hypnosis where I made the attempt, I must protest against such indiscriminate and uncalled for condemnation of a great remedy in many cases which can not be rationally or successfully treated by other means. If you are ready for it, I will prepare a paper for your next issue, dissecting this remarkable set of statements. Kindly advise me. Truly,
Doctors' opinions on euthanasia, end of life care, and doctor-patient communication: telephone survey in France
Authors: P Peretti-Watel
Journal: BMJ (2003)

During the past decade, the debate about legalising euthanasia has grown in many developed countries, including France.Medical journals have reflected this: surveys have assessed doctors' attitudes toward euthanasia and bioethics articles have discussed the pros and cons.Supporters of legalisation argue that euthanasia is a continuation of palliative care and that doctors must respect patients' autonomy, including a wish to die. 1 The latter argument suggests that cultural differences shape opinions about euthanasia, because the emphasis on autonomy is greater in English speaking countries than in other developed countries. 2 3 We assessed French doctors' opinions toward euthanasia and collected data about their attitudes and practices.We compared medical specialties which demand different amounts of palliative care and different amounts of empathy toward and communication with terminally ill patients. Participants, methods, and resultsIn 2002, the Regional Center for Disease Control of South-Eastern France and the Health and Medical Research National Institute did a telephone survey of a sample of doctors, stratified by specialty.We selected general practitioners, oncologists, and neurologists randomly from all French doctors, kept on file by the National Health Insurance Fund.We investigated respondents' involvement in end of life care and palliative care, their attitude toward terminally ill patients, and whether "euthanasia should be legalised, as in the Netherlands."We compared medical specialties with Pearson's 2 .We contacted 1552 doctors, and 917 (59%) agreed to participate.Response rate was greater for oncolo-
The pathology of hepatitis C as a function of mode of transmission: Blood transfusion vs. Intravenous drug use
Authors: Stuart C. Gordon, Richard S. Elloway, John C. Long, Carl F. Dmuchowski
Journal: Hepatology (1993)

We reviewed the clinical records of 140 consecutively evaluated patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. One hundred twenty-four patients (89%) contracted infection through blood transfusion or intravenous drug use. The liver biopsy specimens of 83 patients (43 blood transfusion cases and 40 intravenous drug abuse cases) were examined without knowledge of the mode of disease transmission. The mean histological activity index score was significantly higher in the blood transfusion group (10.2 +/- 4.2) than in the intravenous drug use group (6.9 +/- 4.5) (p = 0.001). The transfusion group had more periportal bridging necrosis (p = 0.0015) and fibrosis (p = 0.0016) than did the intravenous drug use group, whereas significant differences between lobular degeneration and portal inflammation were not achieved across the two groups. The distribution of final biopsy interpretations also differed significantly between the two groups (p < 0.001), with chronic active hepatitis more frequent in the transfusion group. Moreover, lymphoid aggregates and bile duct damage were more common in patients with chronic hepatitis due to blood transfusion. Multivariate analysis showed that the mode of viral transmission was the most powerful predictor of histological activity index score when tested against patient gender, duration of disease or age at biopsy. One year after completion of this study, 9 of 70 transfused patients and 1 of 54 intravenous drug users had died of liver disease or are awaiting liver transplantation at this writing (p = 0.03). We conclude that transfusion-acquired hepatitis C is associated with more aggressive histological inflammatory activity than hepatitis resulting from intravenous drug use.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effectiveness of Oseltamivir in Preventing Influenza in Household Contacts&lt;SUBTITLE&gt;A Randomized Controlled Trial&lt;/SUBTITLE&gt;
Authors: Robert Welliver
Journal: JAMA (2001)

ContextInfluenza virus is easily spread among the household contacts of an infected person, and prevention of influenza in household contacts can control spread of influenza in the community.ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of oseltamivir in preventing spread of influenza to household contacts of influenza-infected index cases (ICs).Design and SettingRandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted at 76 centers in North America and Europe during the winter of 1998-1999.ParticipantsThree hundred seventy-seven ICs, 163 (43%) of whom had laboratory-confirmed influenza infection, and 955 household contacts (aged ≥12 years) of all ICs (415 contacts of influenza-positive ICs).InterventionsHousehold contacts were randomly assigned by household cluster to take 75 mg of oseltamivir (n = 493) or placebo (n = 462) once daily for 7 days within 48 hours of symptom onset in the IC. The ICs did not receive antiviral treatment.Main Outcome MeasureClinical influenza in contacts of influenza-positive ICs, confirmed in a laboratory by detection of virus shedding in nose and throat swabs or a 4-fold or greater increase in influenza-specific serum antibody titer between baseline and convalescent serum samples.ResultsIn contacts of an influenza-positive IC, the overall protective efficacy of oseltamivir against clinical influenza was 89% for individuals (95% confidence interval [CI], 67%-97%; P&lt;.001) and 84% for households (95% CI, 49%-95%; P&lt;.001). In contacts of all ICs, oseltamivir also significantly reduced incidence of clinical influenza, with 89% protective efficacy (95% CI, 71%-96%; P&lt;.001). Viral shedding was inhibited in contacts taking oseltamivir, with 84% protective efficacy (95% CI, 57%-95%; P&lt;.001). All virus isolates from oseltamivir recipients retained sensitivity to the active metabolite. Oseltamivir was well tolerated; gastrointestinal tract effects were reported with similar frequency in oseltamivir (9.3%) and placebo (7.2%) recipients.ConclusionIn our sample, postexposure prophylaxis with oseltamivir, 75 mg once daily for 7 days, protected close contacts of influenza-infected persons against influenza illness, prevented outbreaks within households, and was well tolerated.
Impact of Mycobacterium vaccae immunization on lung histopathology in a murine model of chronic asthma
Authors: Cevdet Ozdemir, Tunc Akkoc, Nerin Nadir Bahceciler, Dilek Kucukercan, Ernur Ergoz, Isil Berat Barlan, Mujdat Basaran
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2002)
Colobronchial fistula: a late complication of appendicitis.
Authors: S Ashley, S K Corlett, R Windle, J B Cookson
Journal: Thorax (1988)

Colobronchial fistula is a rare occurrence, being found mostly in patients with chronic abdominal sepsis and a subphrenic abscess.We report a case that occurred four years after the abscess.Case report
Evolutionary Origin and Genomic Organization of Micro-RNA Genes in Immunoglobulin Lambda Variable Region Gene Family
Authors: Sabyasachi Das
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2009)

The genomic organizations and functions of many miRNA genes have been described in recent years, but the origin and evolution of miRNAs in the exons of protein-coding genes are not well understood. The overlap of miR-650 genes with the protein-coding region of immunoglobulin lambda variable (IGVL) region genes has given a unique opportunity to witness a birth of miRNA gene. Both sequence comparisons and structure predictions indicate that the miR-650 genes are present in multiple copies and overlap in the same transcription orientation with the leader exon of primate IGVL genes of a specific phylogenetic clan (clan II). By reconstructing the phylogeny of the clan II IGVL genes, the stages in which the mutations accumulated in the leader exon and gave rise to a stable hairpin structure of miR-650 could be documented. The copy number variation of miR-650 genes among different species is the result of the duplication or deletion of the IGVL genes. To my knowledge, this is the first report of a genomic association between miRNA and the protein-coding genes of a multigene family. Analysis of the upstream region of the leader exon suggests that the IGVL and the mir-650 genes use the same promoter region for their transcription. However, in contrast to the general expectation about the expression of miRNAs that overlap with other genes in the same transcriptional orientation, this analysis provides evidence that the miR-650 gene is apparently transcribed independently of the IGVL gene with which it overlaps because they are expressed in different cell types.
Lymphocyte transfusions prevent diabetes in the Bio-Breeding/Worcester rat.
Authors: A A Rossini, D Faustman, B A Woda, A A Like, I Szymanski, J P Mordes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1984)

The Bio-Breeding/Worcester (BB/W) rat develops spontaneous autoimmune diabetes similar to human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Transfusions of whole blood from the nondiabetic W-line of BB/W rats prevent the syndrome in diabetes-prone recipients. We report three experiments designed to determine which blood component is protective. In all experiments, diabetes-prone BB/W rats 23 to 35 d of age were given four or six weekly intravenous injections. In the first experiment, animals received either saline or transfusions of erythrocytes, white blood cells, or plasma from W-line donors. Diabetes occurred in 7/22 (32%) erythrocyte, 2/27 (7%) white cell, 14/24 (58%) plasma, and 15/27 (56%) saline recipients (P less than 0.001). At 120 d of age, peripheral blood was obtained from nondiabetic rats. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of OX 19 tagged leucocytes revealed 35% T lymphocytes in white cell recipients (n = 13), compared with 9% in saline recipients (n = 7; P less than 0.001). Responsiveness to concanavalin A was also increased in the white cell group, whereas the frequency of both insulitis and thyroiditis was decreased. In the second experiment, 1/19 (5%) rats transfused with W-line spleen cells developed diabetes, as contrasted with 12/18 (67%) recipients of diabetes-prone spleen cells and 19/31 (61%) noninjected controls (P less than 0.001). In the third experiment, diabetes-prone rats received either W-line blood treated with a cytotoxic anti-T lymphocyte antibody plus complement, untreated blood, or saline. Diabetes occurred in 8/20 (40%), 1/20 (5%), and 13/19 (68%) rats in each group, respectively (P less than 0.001). We conclude that transfusions of W-line T lymphocytes prevent diabetes in the BB/W rat.
Apparent finger systolic pressures during cooling in patients with Raynaud's syndrome.
Authors: S A Carter, E Dean, E A Kroeger
Journal: Circulation (1988)

Despite considerable research, the mechanisms responsible for the vasospasm associated with Raynaud's syndrome are not well understood and there is no reliable diagnostic test. In the present studies, measurements of systolic pressure in locally cooled fingers were used to address these issues. We found that local cooling produced a marked decrease or loss of the apparent finger systolic pressure in patients with Raynaud's syndrome in whom a standardized vasoconstriction had been induced by body cooling. Abnormal responses were encountered in 109 of 125 patients with secondary Raynaud's syndrome, in 21 of 37 patients with primary Raynaud's disease or the syndrome of uncertain cause, and in two of 63 subjects without symptoms of Raynaud's. These data suggest a high accuracy of the test in patients with secondary Raynaud's syndrome and lower accuracy in those with disease of primary or uncertain cause. We studied responses of systolic pressures to alterations in body and local temperatures in fingers with and without low pressures secondary to proximal arterial obstruction. Our data show that although local cooling has a small independent effect that increases vascular tone: (1) sympathetic vasoconstriction induced by body cooling is necessary to produce vasospasm and often produces it without local cooling, (2) high local temperature (30 degrees C) protects from vasospasm, and (3) low finger blood pressure predisposes to it. Delayed opening of the vessels observed after sudden deflation of blood pressure cuffs suggests that abnormal responses of finger systolic pressure to cold represent combined effects of high vascular tone, delayed opening, and local blood pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
1032-122 Comprehensive mutational analysis of myosin binding protein C in 389 unrelated patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Sara L Van Driest, Steve R Ommen, Vlad C Vasile, Melissa L Will, A.Jamil Tajik, Bernard J Gersh, Michael J Ackerman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2004)
Detection of mutant TET2 in myeloid malignancies other than myeloproliferative neoplasms: CMML, MDS, MDS/MPN and AML
Authors: Tefferi A, Lim Kh, Abdel-Wahab O, Lasho Tl, Patel J, Patnaik Mm, Hanson Ca, Pardanani A, Gilliland Dg, Levine Rl
Journal: Leukemia (2009)