tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate in Angina Pectoris
Authors: William M. McCrae, Robert Hume, John B. McGuinness
Journal: JAMA (1964)

A NEW APPROACH to the symptomatic treatment of angina pectoris seemed to be indicated following the description, principally by M. H. Knisely and his colleagues in 1947,<sup>1</sup>of sludging of the blood. This has been shown to be produced by the intravascular agglutination of red blood cells into masses which cause a disturbance of the flow pattern of the blood in small vessels and may possibly lead to consequent tissue anoxia and predisposition to thrombosis.<sup>2</sup> Sludging of the blood is rarely present in healthy subjects,<sup>1</sup>but has been described in several disease states. Of particular interest to us, however, was the demonstration of sludging by Madow in 1960,<sup>3</sup>in 44 patients with coronary, cerebral, or peripheral vascular disease. By microscopic observation of the conjunctival capillaries he showed that sludging could be abolished by treatment with the anti-malarial agent, hydroxychloroquine sulfate, and that there was a resultant
2-acetylaminofluorene dose-dependent differentiation of rat oval cells into hepatocytes: Confocal and electron microscopic studies
Authors: Sándor Paku, Peter Nagy, László Kopper, Snorri S. Thorgeirsson
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

The 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF)/partial hepatectomy (PH) model is one of the most extensively studied experimental systems for oval cell proliferation and differentiation. We have previously described the oval cells as forming ductular structures surrounded by basement membrane, representing extensions of the canals of Hering. Herein we analyze the differentiation of oval cells into hepatocytes after varying degrees of liver damage induced by AAF. At a low dose of AAF, most oval cells synchronously differentiate into small hepatocytes by 6 days after the PH, resulting in complete restoration of the liver structure in 10 days. Higher doses of AAF delay the differentiation process and the new hepatocytes form foci, in contrast to what is observed at the low dose. Qualitatively, the differentiation process seems to be identical at the cellular level under both conditions. The transition from the expanding oval cell population into hepatocytes was correlated with the upregulation of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 and the disappearance of the basement membrane. Also, the differentiation of oval cells into hepatocytes coincided with the loss of alpha-fetoprotein and OV-6 staining, and the replacement of the biliary cell-specific alpha6 integrin and connexin 43 with the hepatocyte-specific alpha1 integrin and connexin 32. In addition, bile canaliculi form between the new hepatocytes. In conclusion, these results indicate the rate of oval cell differentiation into hepatocytes is context dependent and suggest that, under favorable conditions, oval cells can complete this process much faster than previously appreciated.
THE OXYGEN CONTENT OF THE BLOOD IN LOBAR PNEUMONIA
Authors: Francis W. Peabody
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1913)

In most cases of uncomplicated lobar pneumonia the decrease of respiratory surface is completely compensated for, and the oxygen content of the blood is within normal limits. Occasional cases of uncomplicated pneumonia have an oxygen content of the venous blood which is below normal. In the two cases reported here, this was associated with a carbon dioxide content of the blood which was higher than normally, and the condition was apparently due to an interference with the respiratory exchange of gases. In the terminal stage of the fatal cases of pneumonia in which death does not occur with great suddenness, there is often a progressive diminution in the oxygen content of the blood. Synchronous with this is a progressive decrease in the oxygen-combining capacity of the blood. These changes are usually seen in patients in whom an intense bacteremia has developed and are analogous to those found in the arterial blood of infected rabbits, and to those resulting from the growth of the pneumococcus in blood in vitro. In all three conditions there is probably a change of oxyhemoglobin to methemoglobin. This change of the hemoglobin molecule, so that it no longer takes up and gives off oxygen readily, is probably a factor in the immediate cause of death in many cases of pneumonia.
The FDA, Regulation, and the Risk of Stroke
Authors: G. Alexander Fleming
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

When Jane Henney, commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), announced on October 10, 2000, the agency's intention to have products containing phenylpropanolamine withdrawn from the market, another chapter — perhaps the final one — for this over-the-counter drug was opened. The FDA acted even before the results of the work on which the decision is based could be published. In this issue of the Journal, Kernan et al. report the results of an exemplary epidemiologic effort, the Hemorrhagic Stroke Project.1 This project was designed in response to the FDA's concern about the safety of phenylpropanolamine, which began in . . .
Most People With Long-Duration Type 1 Diabetes in a Large Population-Based Study Are Insulin Microsecretors
Authors: Richard A. Oram, Timothy J. McDonald, Beverley M. Shields, Michelle M. Hudson, Maggie H. Shepherd, Suzanne Hammersley, Ewan R. Pearson, Andrew T. Hattersley
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

OBJECTIVE Small studies using ultrasensitive C-peptide assays suggest endogenous insulin secretion is frequently detectable in patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes (T1D), but these studies do not use representative samples. We aimed to use the stimulated urine C-peptide-to-creatinine ratio (UCPCR) to assess C-peptide levels in a large cross-sectional, population-based study of patients with T1D. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We recruited 924 patients from primary and secondary care in two U.K. centers who had a clinical diagnosis of T1D, were under 30 years of age when they received a diagnosis, and had a diabetes duration of &amp;gt;5 years. The median age at diagnosis was 11 years (interquartile range 6–17 years), and the duration of diabetes was 19 years (11–27 years). All provided a home postmeal UCPCR, which was measured using a Roche electrochemiluminescence assay. RESULTS Eighty percent of patients (740 of 924 patients) had detectable endogenous C-peptide levels (UCPCR &amp;gt;0.001 nmol/mmol). Most patients (52%, 483 of 924 patients) had historically very low undetectable levels (UCPCR 0.0013–0.03 nmol/mmol); 8% of patients (70 of 924 patients) had a UCPCR ≥0.2 nmol/mmol, equivalent to serum levels associated with reduced complications and hypoglycemia. Absolute UCPCR levels fell with duration of disease. Age at diagnosis and duration of disease were independent predictors of C-peptide level in multivariate modeling. CONCLUSIONS This population-based study shows that the majority of long-duration T1D patients have detectable urine C-peptide levels. While the majority of patients are insulin microsecretors, some maintain clinically relevant endogenous insulin secretion for many years after the diagnosis of diabetes. Understanding this may lead to a better understanding of pathogenesis in T1D and open new possibilities for treatment.
Thalassemia Minor and Pelger-Huët Anomaly
Authors: Paul G. Hattersley, Norman R. Eade
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Thalassemia minor is a common familial anomaly in many parts of the world; Pelger-Huët anomaly is less common. Both are inherited as autosomal intermediates, the homozygote being affected seriously,<sup>1</sup>while the heterozygote may be entirely healthy. Following is a brief report of a patient having both anomalies, and a family history suggesting genetic segregation. A 30-year-old white male stated that he had been "tired most of the time" for at least ten years. Past history revealed no serious illnesses, and findings of the physical examination were normal. There was low-grade anemia (hemoglobin 12.2 gm%) which was microcytic (mean corpuscular volume 65 cu μ) with low-grade hypochromia (mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration 29.5%). Target cells and basophilic stippling were observed on the blood smears. Erythrocyte fragility in hypotonic sodium chloride solution was moderately decreased (75% hemolysis in 0.35% sodium chloride; normal: over 90%). Serum iron was normal 105μg%).
Immunological Studies on the Mechanism of Gold Hypersensitivity Reactions
Authors: P. Davis, A. Ezeoke, J. Munro, J. R. Hobbs, G. R. V. Hughes
Journal: BMJ (1973)

Immunological studies were performed on 12 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who developed reactions to gold. IgE levels were found to be raised in 10 of 11 patients tested at the time of the gold reaction, returning to normal on stopping therapy. Two of 12 patients with gold reactions had positive in-vitro lymphocyte transformation responses to gold.It is suggested that dermatological side effects in particular are mediated by a type I hypersensitivity response.
Cadherin-9 Regulates Synapse-Specific Differentiation in the Developing Hippocampus
Authors: Megan E. Williams, Scott A. Wilke, Anthony Daggett, Elizabeth Davis, Stefanie Otto, Deepak Ravi, Beth Ripley, Eric A. Bushong, Mark H. Ellisman, Gerd Klein, Anirvan Ghosh
Journal: Neuron (2011)
Characterization of the protective and therapeutic efficiency of a DNA vaccine encoding the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1a
Authors: A. Hartl, R. Hochreiter, T. Stepanoska, F. Ferreira, J. Thalhamer
Journal: Allergy (2003)

Background: An estimated 100 million individuals suffer from birch pollen allergy. More than 95% of birch pollen‐allergic subjects react with the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1a, and almost 60% of them are sensitized exclusively to this allergen. Objective: DNA immunization using the Bet v 1a gene was evaluated with respect to its prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy. Methods: A DNA vaccine containing the entire Bet v 1a cDNA under the control of a CMV‐promoter was constructed. In order to estimate the protective efficiency, animals received three injections of this vaccine prior to sensitization with recombinant Bet v 1a. Vice versa, in a therapeutic approach, sensitization was followed by treatment with the DNA vaccine. Results: The Bet v 1a DNA vaccine induced strong Bet v 1‐specific antibody responses with a Th1‐biased response type. Animals which received the DNA vaccine were protected against a following allergic sensitization with Bet v 1a. The protective effect was characterized by suppression of Bet v 1‐specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E production, lack of basophil activation and enhanced interferon (IFN)‐ γ expression. In a therapeutic situation, treatment of sensitized animals with DNA vaccines decreased IgE production, IgE‐mediated basophil release and drastically reduced anaphylactic activity as measured by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis assays. Concerning the cellular immune response, DNA immunization induced a sustaining and dominant shift from a Th2 type response towards a balanced Th1/Th2 type response as indicated by increased IFN‐ γ but unchanged IL‐5 levels in lymphoproliferation assays. Conclusion: The results demonstrate the allergen‐specific protective and therapeutic efficacy of a DNA vaccine encoding the clinically highly relevant allergen Bet v 1a indicating the suitability of this concept for the treatment of allergic diseases.
TLR2-dependent eosinophil interactions with mycobacteria: role of α-defensins
Authors: Virginie Driss, Fanny Legrand, Emmanuel Hermann, Sylvie Loiseau, Yann Guerardel, Laurent Kremer, Estelle Adam, Gaëtane Woerly, David Dombrowicz, Monique Capron
Journal: Blood (2008)
Alcohol in the Driver
Authors: P. J. Cannon
Journal: BMJ (1965)

It was unnecessary for Professor Conn to select cases of primary aldosteronism from our published results,68 since we had reported these conclusions in the same group of cases -in Professor Conn's presence-more than a year before.8Professor Milne's case was not one of these.Our recent paper9 was a pro- gress report on a patient described in some detail earlier.6 We said of this case in 1963 that the association of low plasma-renin concentration and increased aldosterone secretion suggested an aldosterone-producing adrenal tumour, and that we were studying the effects of spironolactone treatment before removing the tumour.'It thus seems obtuse of Professor Conn to misconstrue2 the intention of our paper' as " final proof " of his more recent " thesis."We should further make it clear that neither we nor Professor Conn and his colleagues can rightly claim priority for the prediction of low plasma renin in primary aldosteronism, or for the removal of a tumour from a patient investigated in this way.Any such credit belongs to others.0"-We are, etc.,
The Expression of Vesicular Glutamate Transporters Defines Two Classes of Excitatory Synapse
Authors: Robert T Fremeau, Matthew D Troyer, Ingrid Pahner, Gro Owren Nygaard, Cindy H Tran, Richard J Reimer, Elizabeth E Bellocchio, Doris Fortin, Jon Storm-Mathisen, Robert H Edwards
Journal: Neuron (2001)
Nonparametric regression analysis of data from the Ames mutagenicity assay.
Authors: J B Cologne, N E Breslow
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1994)

The Ames assay has received widespread attention from statisticians because of its popularity and importance to risk assessment. However, investigators have yet to routinely apply modern regression methods that have been available for more than a decade. We study yet another approach, the application of nonparametric regression techniques, not as the ultimate solution but rather as a framework within which to address some of the shortcomings of other methods. But nonparametric regression is itself prone to difficulties when applied to Ames assay data, as we show through the use of two examples and some simulation studies. We argue that there remains a great need for further development of statistical methods suitable to the Ames assay. It is hoped that such work can be stimulated and guided by greater collaboration between statisticians and laboratory investigators.
Medical Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Daniel G. Hackam
Journal: JAMA (2006)

To the Editor: In their Clinical Review, Dr Hankey and colleagues discussed medical management for peripheral arterial disease (PAD), which they document as a strong risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. While I agree with their advice that all patients with this condition warrant treatment with an antiplatelet drug, I disagree with their statement that aspirin is “the preferred antiplatelet drug because it is effective and inexpensive.” Two active comparator randomized trials showed that alternative antiplatelet agents—clopidogrel and picotamide—were superior to aspirin for the prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with PAD. In patients with both PAD and type 2 diabetes mellitus, picotamide reduced the risk of death by 45% in comparison with aspirin (relative risk [RR], 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31-0.98). Moreover, in the Clopidogrel vs Aspirin in Patients at Risk of Ischemic Events (CAPRIE) trial, clopidogrel reduced the cardiovascular event rate by 24% in comparison with aspirin (RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.64-0.91). Finally, a formal economic analysis based on the CAPRIE data concluded that clopidogrel was cost-effective for patients with PAD.
Murine t factors: an association between alleles at t and at H-2.
Authors: J R Levinson, H O McDevitt
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

Lymphocytes from tx-mutant mice have a definite and consistent pattern of reactivity in MLR. Cells from t-mutant mice within a complementation group usually fail to stimulate each other, while cells from mutants in different complementation groups stimulate each other strongly. This indicates that tx-mutant types are associated with certain H-2 haplotypes, and that members of any give complementation group share the same H-2 haplotype.
Enhancement of Immunity by a DNA Melanoma Vaccine against TRP2 with CCL21 as an Adjuvant
Authors: Tomoki Yamano, Yasufumi Kaneda, Sharon Huang, Suzanne H. Hiramatsu, Dave S.B. Hoon
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP2) is a weak antigen expressed in murine and human melanomas. Induction of antibody (Ab) response and T-cell immunity toward TRP2 with DNA plasmid vaccines has not been efficient to date. Recent studies have suggested that a chemokine ligand for the CCR7 (CCL21) present on T-cells and dendritic cells is important in activating and regulating immunity. We investigated the effectiveness of CCL21 as an adjuvant with an HVJ anionic liposomal TRP2 DNA (plasmid) vaccine to enhance anti-TRP2 Ab, cytokines, delayed-type hypersensitivity, T-cell responses, and tumor protection against B16 melanoma cells. Induction of anti-TRP2 immunity depended mainly on cell-mediated immunity, which was regulated by timing and route of CCL21 administration with DNA vaccine. The optimum protocol was to administer CCL21 im 24 h before DNA vaccine at the same vaccination site. Two vaccinations (prime/boost) were essential for induction of strong anti-TRP2 cell-mediated immunity. CCL21 administration 3 days before or 24 h after DNA vaccine, simultaneous with DNA vaccine, or at different sites (iv, opposite leg) was not effective. This study demonstrated that CCL21 was an effective adjuvant to enhance TRP2-specific immunity induced by a plasmid DNA cancer vaccine.
CD40-activated human B cells: an alternative source of highly efficient antigen presenting cells to generate autologous antigen-specific T cells for adoptive immunotherapy.
Authors: J L Schultze, S Michalak, M J Seamon, G Dranoff, K Jung, J Daley, J C Delgado, J G Gribben, L M Nadler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1997)

Multiple clinical trials have shown the efficacy of adoptively transferred allogeneic antigen-specific T cells for the treatment of viral infections and relapsed hematologic malignancies. In contrast, the therapeutic potential of autologous antigen-specific T cells has yet to be established since it has been technically difficult to generate sufficient numbers of these T cells, ex vivo. A major obstacle to the success of this objective derives from our inability to simply and rapidly isolate and/or expand large numbers of highly efficient antigen presenting cells (APCs) for repetitive stimulations of antigen-specific T cells in vitro. We show that autologous CD40-activated B cells represent a readily available source of highly efficient APC that appear to have several important advantages over other APCs for ex vivo T cell expansion including: (a) methodological simplicity necessary to generate continuously large numbers of APCs from just 50 cm3 of peripheral blood without loss of APC function; (b) capacity to induce high peak T cell proliferation and interferon-gamma production without IL-10 production; (c) ease in cryopreservation; and (d) markedly reduced cost. We, therefore, contend that CD40-activated B cells are an alternative source of highly efficient APCs with which to generate antigen-specific T cells ex vivo for autologous adoptive immunotherapy.
Clinical features and treatment outcome in newly diagnosed Chinese patients with multiple myeloma: results of a multicenter analysis
Authors: J Lu, J Lu, W Chen, Y Huo, X Huang, J Hou
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2014)

Abstract The aim of this study was to understand the clinical features and treatment outcome of Chinese patients with multiple myeloma (MM). This retrospective study enrolled 940 newly diagnosed inpatients (median age, 59 years; immunoglobulin (Ig)D isotype, 6.5%) with complete follow-up data at three centers. In all, 85.8% of patients were of Durie-Salmon stage III and 48.3% were of International Staging System (ISS) stage III at diagnosis. Also, 9.6% of patients had extramedullary plasmacytoma. Compared with IgG, IgD-type patients were diagnosed at a younger age, and more patients were of ISS stage III, with hypercalcemia, elevated levels of lactate dehydrogenase, hyperuricemia, renal dysfunction and 1q21 amplification ( P =0.03). The overall survival (OS) benefit was more prominent in IgG than in IgD when patients received bortezomib; however, they showed no significant difference when they received older therapies such as melphalan combined with prednisone or vincristine combined with adriamycin and dexamethasone. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results showed that 17.6% had 17p13 deletion. Conventional cytogenetics revealed that 13.3% were hypodiploid and those cases had the worst survival, but hyperdiploid cases (9.3%) did not show any survival benefit compared with those with a normal karyotype (77.4%). Median OS and progression-free survival for all patients were 54 and 26 months, respectively. Significant factors for survival by multivariate analysis were gender, ISS stage, number of FISH abnormalities and extramedullary disease. MM in mainland China presents with different features, with patients being of younger age and having higher risk and more survival benefit in IgG patients receiving bortezomib.
Will the Real Doctor Please Stand Up?
Authors: Leon Morgenstern
Journal: JAMA (2003)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The First Successful Ligation of the Innominate.
Authors: J. C. Hall
Journal: JAMA (1907)

Anguilla, Miss., June 17, 1907. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the June 15 issue ofThe Journal, page 2032, in your splendid editorial notice of that distinguished surgeon and educator, Dr. Herbert L. Burrell, President-elect of the American Medical Association, you say among other things: "He was probably the first to make a successful ligation of the innominate artery." With no wish to pluck a single arrow from Dr. Burrell's quiver, but, on the contrary, to accord him every honor his talent and matchless will power have won for him, it may be asked: Is this statement historically correct? Both Valentine Mott and von Graefe nearly succeeded in carrying their cases to a successful termination. The patient of the former survived nearly four weeks, while Graefe's gave promise of complete success, only to succumb after a lapse of more than two months. Forty years or more ago the world accorded credit