tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aiding and Abetting — Nursing Crises at Home and Abroad
Authors: Sreekanth Chaguturu, Snigdha Vallabhaneni
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2005)

Interview with Dr. Fitzhugh Mullan and Sreekanth Chaguturu on the health care brain drain. (06:25)Download After what seemed like years of teleconferencing, protocol revisions, international travel, and training sessions, the staff at the HIV clinical care and research site in India, where we had worked for four years, was gearing up to start enrollment in a five-year international trial sponsored by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). But just months before it was to be launched, one of our lead research nurses, Ms. Rao (not her real name), who had been trained with NIH funds, quietly announced that she was leaving to pursue a job offer in the United States.Many more nurses like Ms. . . .
The Role of Fcγ Receptor Polymorphisms in the Response to Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy in Psoriasis
Authors: Marc Julià, Antonio Guilabert, Francisco Lozano, Belén Suarez-Casasús, Nemesio Moreno, Jose Manuel Carrascosa, Carlos Ferrándiz, Edurne Pedrosa, Mercè Alsina-Gibert, José Manuel Mascaró
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2013)

Variability in genes encoding proteins involved in the immunological pathways of biological therapy may account for the differences observed in outcomes of anti–tumor necrosis factor (TNF) treatment of psoriasis.To assess the role of 2 Fcγ receptor (FcγR) polymorphisms in the response to anti-TNF therapy in psoriasis.Retrospective series of patients with psoriasis who received anti-TNF therapy(infliximab, adalimumab, or etanercept) from January 1, 2007, through December 31, 2010. Patients were followed up for 12 weeks.Two psoriasis referral centers.Seventy treatment-naive patients with moderate to severe psoriasis who received anti-TNF agents.Patients underwent FcγRIIA-H131R and FcγRIIIA-V158F polymorphism genotyping.The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index and the body surface area were assessed at baseline and at treatment weeks 6 to 8 and 12. The polymorphism genotypes were correlated with the treatment outcomes.Bivariate analysis showed a nonsignificant association between FcγR low-affinity genotypes and greater improvement in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index and body surface area at the end of treatment. Conversely, patients harboring high-affinity alleles presented a greater reduction in body surface area at the intermediate point, which remained independent in the multivariate analysis. We also detected an additive effect of both polymorphisms in the multivariate analysis. High-affinity alleles may contribute to a quicker response owing to a more efficient removal of relevant cells expressing TNF.Preliminary results of this pilot study on the pharmacogenetics of FcγR and biological therapy in psoriasis suggest a role with clinical implications for FcγRIIA-H131R and FcγRIIIA-V158F polymorphisms in the outcome of anti-TNF treatment of psoriasis. These results might help dermatologists in guiding therapeutic decisions, especially in very severe cases where a quick response is needed.
Short-term exposure of Chinook salmon (Oncoryhnchus tshawytscha) to o,p-DDE or DMSO during early life-history stages causes long-term humoral immunosuppression.
Authors: Ruth H Milston, Martin S Fitzpatrick, Anthony T Vella, Shaun Clements, Deke Gundersen, Grant Feist, Tawni L Crippen, Joann Leong, Carl B Schreck
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2003)

We evaluated the effect of short-term exposures to a xenobiotic chemical during early life-history stages on the long-term immune competence of chinook salmon (Oncoryhnchus tshawytscha). Immersion of chinook salmon eggs in a nominal concentration of o,p-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (o,p-DDE; 10 ppm) for 1 hr at fertilization followed by immersion in the same dose for 2 hr at hatch resulted in a significant reduction in the ability of splenic leukocytes from fish 1 year after treatment to undergo blastogenesis upon in vitro stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. We also observed that the vehicle, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), caused a significant reduction in the ability of the splenic leukocytes to express surface immunoglobin M (SIgM) at this time. The concentration of o,p-DDE in a pooled sample of whole fry from this treatment was 0.53 microg/g lipid 1 month after first feeding but was undetectable in all other treatments. Mortality rate, time to hatch, fish length, and weight were unaffected by treatment with o,p-DDE. Similarly, sex ratios, gonadal development, and concentrations of plasma estradiol and 11-ketotestosterone were not affected by the treatment. In addition, we found no evidence that plasma lysozyme concentrations or the mitogenic responses of splenic leukocytes to concanavalin A or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid were influenced by the treatment. In this experiment, a brief period of exposure to o,p-DDE or DMSO during early development was able to induce long-term effects on humoral immune competence of chinook salmon. Such immunosuppression may increase susceptibility to disease, which may in turn be critical to regulating the population.
Identification of Minimal Clinically Important Difference Scores of the PedsQL in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Marisa E. Hilliard, Jean M. Lawrence, Avani C. Modi, Andrea Anderson, Tessa Crume, Lawrence M. Dolan, Anwar T. Merchant, Joyce P. Yi-Frazier, Korey K. Hood
Journal: Diabetes Care (2013)

OBJECTIVE To establish minimal clinically important difference (MCID) scores representing the smallest detectable change in quality of life (QOL), using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Generic Core and Diabetes Module among youth with diabetes and their parents, and to identify demographic and clinical correlates of QOL change over 1 year. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study aged &amp;gt;5 years and parents of youth aged &amp;lt;18 years completed PedsQL surveys at their initial and 12-month study visits. MCIDs for each PedsQL module were calculated using one standard error of measurement. Demographic and clinical characteristics associated with QOL change were identified through multiple linear and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The sample comprised 5,004 youth (mean age, 12.5 ± 4.7 years; mean diabetes duration, 3.4 ± 3.7 years). Of 100 possible points, PedsQL total score MCIDs for youth with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively, were Generic Core, 4.88, 6.27 (parent) and 4.72, 5.41 (youth); Diabetes Module, 4.54, 6.06 (parent) and 5.27, 5.96 (youth). Among 1,402 youth with a follow-up visit, lower baseline QOL, male sex, private insurance, having type 1 diabetes, longer diabetes duration, and better glycemic control predicted improvements in youth- and parent-reported PedsQL total scores over 1 year. Clinically meaningful (≥1 MCID) improvements in total score for at least one PedsQL module were predicted by private insurance, lower BMI, and lower A1C at baseline. CONCLUSIONS These diabetes-specific reference points to interpret clinically meaningful change in PedsQL scores can be used in clinical care and research for youth with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Near Intron Positions Are Reliable Phylogenetic Markers: An Application to Holometabolous Insects
Authors: Veiko Krauss, Christian Thümmler, Franziska Georgi, Jörg Lehmann, Peter F. Stadler, Carina Eisenhardt
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2008)

Today, the reconstruction of the organismal evolutionary tree is based mainly on molecular sequence data. However, sequence data are sometimes insufficient to reliably resolve in particular deep branches. Thus, it is highly desirable to find novel, more reliable types of phylogenetic markers that can be derived from the wealth of genomic data. Here, we consider the gain of introns close to older preexisting ones. Because correct splicing is impeded by very small exons, nearby pairs of introns very rarely coexist, that is, the gain of the new intron is nearly always associated with the loss of the old intron. Both events may even be directly connected as in cases of intron migration. Therefore, it should be possible to identify one of the introns as ancient (plesiomorphic) and the other as novel (derived or apomorphic). To test the suitability of such near intron pairs (NIPs) as a marker class for phylogenetic analysis, we undertook an analysis of the evolutionary positions of bees and wasps (Hymenoptera) and beetles (Coleoptera) in relation to moths (Lepidoptera) and dipterans (Diptera) using recently completed genome project data. By scanning 758 putatively orthologous gene structures of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera) and Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera), we identified 189 pairs of introns, one from each species, which are located less than 50 nt from each other. A comparison with genes from 5 other holometabolan and 9 metazoan outgroup genomes resulted in 22 shared derived intron positions found in beetle as well as in butterflies and/or dipterans. This strongly supports a basal position of hymenopterans in the holometabolous insect tree. In addition, we found 31 and 12 intron positions apomorphic for A. mellifera and T. castaneum, respectively, which seem to represent changes inside these branches. Another 12 intron pairs indicate parallel intron gains or extraordinarily small exons. In conclusion, we show here that the analysis of phylogenetically nested, nearby intron pairs is suitable to identify evolutionarily younger intron positions and to determine their relative age, which should be of equal importance for the understanding of intron evolution and the reconstruction of the eukaryotic tree.
CARE OF THE UNMARRIED MOTHER
Authors: D. C. H. d'Avigdor
Journal: BMJ (1929)

Reactional states in leprosy are produced by different immunologic mechanisms and are responsible for a major component of tissue damage of the disease. Reversal reactions exhibit increased CD4 T cell infiltration in lesions and augmented cell-mediated immune reactivity to Ag of Mycobacterium leprae that can rapidly produce nerve damage. Erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) reactions also have CD4 T cell infiltration but appear to be associated with the formation of immune complexes that are responsible for panniculitis, arthritis, vasculitis, and nerve injury. Because these reactional states may serve as paradigms for other types of human immunologically mediated tissue damage, this study sought to characterize the dynamic changes in cytokines associated with these reactions. Expression of cytokine mRNA in lesions of leprosy reactional states were measured by PCR. In reversal reactions, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, IL-2, and IFN-gamma mRNA were prominent and found to increase during the reaction, concomitant with decreases in expression of mRNA for IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10. In ENL, selective increases in the expression of IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 mRNA was observed, with persistent expression of IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA. Reversal reactions represent naturally occurring delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions that favor macrophage activation and protective immunity, but which can engender concomitant cell injury. In contrast, ENL lesions represent immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions reflecting the selective stimulation of cytokines that attract neutrophils, stimulate antibody production, and down-regulate macrophage activation. The analysis of cytokine dynamics within different inflammatory responses can provide insights into immune mechanisms of tissue damage, and provide a useful framework for developing strategies for therapeutic intervention.
Gynaecologist is struck off for botching vaginal surgery and dishonesty
Authors: C. Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A gynaecologist who botched four vaginal laser operations and an abortion and forged a professional indemnity certificate has been struck off by the General Medical Council.

Phanuel Dartey, who specialised in vaginal laser cosmetic surgery, significantly over-reduced the patients’ labia minora in two cases. One woman was left in continuing pain, and the other had visible scarring and asymmetry and had to undergo revision surgery ( BMJ 2011;343:d7442, 16 Nov, doi:10.1136/bmj.d7442).

In two other cases he performed “inappropriate” laser surgery for urinary incontinence, leaving one …
Testosterone treatment of men with alcoholic cirrhosis: A double-blind study
Authors: Christian Gluud
Journal: Hepatology (1986)

A double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter trial was conducted to determine the efficacy of oral testosterone treatment (200 mg three times daily) in men with alcoholic cirrhosis. By skewed randomization (3:2), 134 patients received testosterone and 87 placebo. Patients were followed from 8 to 62 months (median = 28 months). In the testosterone group, 33 patients died (25%; 95% confidence limits = 18 to 33%) as compared to 18 (21%; 95% confidence limits = 13 to 31%) in the placebo group. Taking age and significant prognostic variables into consideration, this corresponds with a relative mortality risk of 1.17 (95% confidence limits = 0.65 to 2.15) in the testosterone group vs. the placebo group. Testosterone treatment did not significantly affect liver biochemistry, prevalence of complications to cirrhosis or causes of death. Patients treated with testosterone developed significantly (p &lt; 0.05) higher serum testosterone and blood hemoglobin concentrations and significantly (p &lt; 0.05) lower plasma IgM concentrations as compared to the placebo group. The prevalence of gynecomastia decreased significantly (p &lt; 0.05) in the testosterone group as compared to the placebo group. We conclude that oral testosterone treatment has no beneficial effect on survival and liver biochemistry in men with alcoholic cirrhosis, and adverse effects cannot be excluded.
LONG-TERM EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ZOTAROLIMUS-ELUTING STENT VERSUS SIROLIMUS-ELUTING STENT IN PATIENTS WITH ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION WHO UNDERWENT PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION
Authors: Yoon Seok Koh, Ki-Bae Seung, Wook-sung Chung, Kiyuk Chang, Hun-Jun Park, Eun-ho Choo, Jae-Sun Uhm, GeeHee Kim, Suk-Min Seo, Woo Baek Chung, Mahn Won Park, Min Seok Choi, Seung Jung Park, KAMIR invastigators
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
The Evaluation of the Roentgenologic Findings in Arthritis
Authors: J. D. Camp
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1943)

THE ideal or even generally accepted classification of the arthritides does not exist.The ones in vogue are all incomplete because the cause of the majority of arthritides is in doubt.Some classifications are based on the clinician's ideas of the cause-that is, infectious, chemical and traumatic.Some names for arthritis are merely clinical designa- tions, with little or no specific meaning (for example, rheumatoid arthritis); other classifications are based on the dominant pathologic alteration in the joints (proliferative, degenerative), and still others on the dominant roentgenographic change (atrophic, hypertrophic, destructive).Each of these classifications has its advantage and its field of usefulness.Each has distinct limitations and none is wholly satis- factory.The clasification of the internist makes little sense to the roentgenologist, unfamiliar with the criteria supposedly necessary for a diagnosis of " allergic arthritis " or " metabolic arthritis."The schema of the pathologist seems academic to the general practitioner, who can only see the outside of the joint.The designations of the roentgenologist are open to criticism because several different con- ditions may produce more or less identical changes in joints.An adequate classification of articular disease, therefore, hard enough at best, cannot be made with regard to the roentgenographic or any other one feature alone, but only after a careful summation of all data, clinical, chemical, and roentgenographic.Regardless of the clinical confusion, the roentgenologist can point out certain basic alterations which occur when the joints are diseased.In the early stage of arthritis a joint may be definitely, though moderately, diseased and yet the roentgenographic findings sometimes can be negative.There may be articular pain, definite tenderness, and even slight swelling, but no osteoporosis, lessening of articular space, alteration of bony contour, or increased periarticular density may be visible.The stage or degree of the articular disease is simply too early to alter the roentgenographic appearance.The disease is
High efficacy and safety profile of fractionated doses of Mylotarg as induction therapy in patients with relapsed acute myeloblastic leukemia: a prospective study of the alfa group
Authors: A-L Taksin, O Legrand, E Raffoux, T de Revel, X Thomas, N Contentin, R Bouabdallah, C Pautas, P Turlure, O Reman, C Gardin, B Varet, S de Botton, F Pousset, H Farhat, S Chevret, H Dombret, S Castaigne
Journal: Leukemia (2006)
Effects of Long-Term Biventricular Stimulation for Resynchronization on Echocardiographic Measures of Remodeling
Authors: Leslie A. Saxon, Teresa De Marco, Jill Schafer, Kanu Chatterjee, Uday N. Kumar, Elyse Foster
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background — Long-term ventricular resynchronization therapy improves symptom status. Changes in left ventricular remodeling have not been adequately evaluated. Methods and Results — Fifty-three patients with systolic heart failure and bundle-branch block underwent implantation of biventricular stimulation (BVS) devices as part of a randomized trial. Echocardiograms were acquired at randomization and at 6-week intervals until completion of 12 weeks of continuous BVS. There were no changes in heart rate or QRS duration after 12 weeks of BVS. Serum norepinephrine values did not change with BVS. After 12 weeks of BVS, left atrial volume decreased. Left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic dimensions and left ventricular end-systolic volume also decreased after 12 weeks of BVS. Sphericity index did not change. Measures of systolic function, including left ventricular outflow tract and aortic velocity time integral and myocardial performance index, improved. Conclusions — Long-term resynchronization therapy results in atrial and ventricular reverse remodeling and improved hemodynamics.
Hospital-Acquired Mucormycosis (<i>Rhizopus rhizopodiformis</i>) of Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue
Authors: Gary Gartenberg, Edward J. Bottone, Gerald T. Keusch, Irene Weitzman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1978)

INFECTIONS due to fungi of the class zygomycetes and order mucorales (rhizopus, mucor and absidia) are well recognized complications in the host compromised by underlying hematologic cancer or immunosuppressive therapy,1 2 3 diabetes mellitus4 or thermal burns5 , 6 and, rarely, in otherwise healthy people.7 Usual clinical involvement includes the classic rhinocerebral type,4 invasive pulmonary or disseminated disease,2 and an intestinal form.2 Primary skin infection is rare.8 Recently, a new epidemiologic association has been proposed by Keys et al., who reported a nosocomial outbreak of skin and subcutaneous Rhizopus oryzae infection in six patients, implicating contaminated Elastoplast bandage as the source of the infectious . . .
<i>A Garden in Nassau</i>
Authors: Jeanette M. Smith
Journal: JAMA (2013)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Regional myocardial functional and electrophysiological alterations after brief coronary artery occlusion in conscious dogs.
Authors: G R Heyndrickx, R W Millard, R J McRitchie, P R Maroko, S F Vatner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1975)

The time relationship for recovery of mechanical function, the intramyocardial electrogram and coronary flow after brief periods of regional myocardial ischemia, was studied in conscious dogs. Total left vemtricular (LV) function was assessed with measurements of LV systolic and diastolic pressures, rate of change of LV pressure (dP/dt), and dP/dt/P. Regional LV function was assessed with measurements of regional segment length and velocity of shortening. An implanted hydraulic occluder on either the left anterior descending or circumflex coronary artery was inflated for 5- and 15-min periods on separate days. A 5-min occlusion depressed overall LV function transiently, but just before release of occlusion overall function had nearly returned to control. At this time regional function in the ischemic zone was still depressed to the point of absent shorteining or paradoxical motion during systole and was associated with marked ST segment elevation (+ 10 +/- 2.2 mV) at the site where function was measured. With release of occlusion and reperfusion the intramyocardial electrogram returned to normal within 1 min, and reactive hyperemia subsided by 5-10 min. In contrast to the rapid return to preocclusion levels for coronary flow and the electrogram, regional mechanical function remained depressed for over 3 h. A 15-min coronary occlusion resulted in an even more prolonged (greater than 6 h) derangement of function in the ischemic zone. Thus, brief periods of coronary occlusion result in prolonged impairement of regional myocardial function which could not have been predicted from the rapid return of the electrogram and coronary flow. These observations indicate that brief interruptions of coronary flow result either in a prolonged period of local ischemia or that alterations of mechanical induced by ischemia far outlast the repayment of the oxygen debt.
What is Now Current Good Manufacturing Practice for PET Drugs?
Authors: Jay Harolds
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

The new CGMP for PET pharmaceuticals will significantly affect the nuclear medicine community. The documentation, and in some cases the processes for the production, quality assurance, and distribution of PET pharmaceuticals will have recommended changes. The average yearly cost of the implementation of the final rule is estimated to be about 2,450,000 dollars, not counting start-up costs.
Driving While Under Influence of Alcohol Remains Major Cause of Traffic Violence
Authors: Teri Randall
Journal: JAMA (1992)

OF THE MANY causes of traffic violence, drunk driving is probably the one that physicians can do the most to prevent. By assessing and treating alcohol abuse and alcoholism in their patients, physicians can play an important role in preventing some traffic deaths and injuries. Almost half of all traffic crashes involve alcohol. (And for all age groups 34 years and younger, traffic crashes remain the leading cause of death.) In 1990, alcohol-related crashes left 22 084 people dead—one third of these were innocent victims. The number of fatalities is uncannily close to the number of homicides that same year—23 440. <h3>Deaths and Injuries</h3> Fatalities are just one aspect of drunk driving's impact on public health. Alcohol-related traffic crashes in 1990 also left 1.19 million people injured, including 43 140 people with permanent partial disabilities and 4092 with permanent total disabilities, says Ted Miller, PhD, director, safety and risk policy