tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
What Teenagers Want to Know About Sex: Questions and Answers
Authors: Iris F. Litt
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The currency of this book, by an experienced clinician in the field of adolescent medicine, is evidenced by inclusion of such timely topics as the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in-vitro fertilization. It is organized in three sections, the largest including questions and answers on a variety of topics (including menstruation, sexuality, sexual activities, conception and pregnancy, abortion, sexually transmitted diseases, sexual identity, rape, alcohol and drugs, etc); a glossary of terms (including some slang words); and a comprehensive index. As a result, it is easy to find the desired information. The reader might have been better served had he or she been referred to the first section from the glossary in order to get more information. The content is, however, somewhat uneven as to treatment and emphasis. For example, seven pages are devoted to the issue of infertility and sterility without addressing the most common concern among adolescents, that they
Effect of Respiration on Pulmonary Capillary Blood Flow in Man
Authors: PAUL VERMEIRE, JOHN BUTLER
Journal: Circulation Research (1968)

Pulmonary capillary blood flow was measured in man during slow breathing by a modification of the body plethysmograph technique for measuring N 2 O uptake. In seated subjects breathing slowly, flow was significantly higher during inhalation. In supine subjects whose legs were raised, the difference between inhalation and exhalation was not significant. Flow was usually greater during tidal inhalation than exhalation, but there was considerable variation. The changes in flow were not directly related to intrathoracic pressures or lung volumes. The results suggest that it is the amount and pressure of the venous blood available for aspiration into the thorax that influences pulmonary capillary blood flow during the course of a respiratory cycle.
Conserved CTL epitopes on the adenovirus hexon protein expand subgroup cross-reactive and subgroup-specific CD8+ T cells
Authors: Ann M. Leen, Uluhan Sili, Elio F. Vanin, Alan M. Jewell, Weidong Xie, Dario Vignali, Pedro A. Piedra, Malcolm K. Brenner, Cliona M. Rooney
Journal: Blood (2004)
'Do Not Resuscitate' Orders
Authors: Stuart J. Youngner, Wendy Lewandowski, Donna K. McClish, Barbara W. Juknialis, Claudia Coulton, Edward T. Bartlett
Journal: JAMA (1985)

"Do not resuscitate" (DNR) decisions were examined in a medical intensive care unit (MICU) of a 1,000-bed hospital. Seventy-one (14%) of 506 study patients were designated DNR; nine survived hospitalization. Severity of illness, age, and prior health were predictive of DNR orders; race and socioeconomic factors were not. The DNR patients consumed more resources, both before and after DNR orders. Interventions started before DNR designation were continued in at least 76% of patients. Documented justifications of DNR decisions included poor prognosis (59%), poor quality of life (24%), and patients' wishes (15%). There were no written justifications for the DNR decisions in 30 cases (42%). Although willingness to write DNR orders in an MICU and continued active treatment of DNR patients are both reassuring in a general sense, they raise questions about the consistency of treatment plans and goals for individual patients.A study was conducted of "do not resuscitate" (DNR) decisions written for 71 patients in a medical intensive care unit of a large university hospital. Fifty-eight percent of the medical records contained justifications for the DNR decisions and analysis revealed that these decisions were not influenced by racial or economic considerations but by medical diagnostic and prognostic criteria. DNR patients continued to receive high levels of active treatment equal to or in excess of other intensive care unit patients. The authors express concern that this level of medical intervention may indicate overtreatment and waste of resources.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PERFORATING AND BLEEDING WOUNDS OF THE CHEST.
Authors: RUDODPH MATAS
Journal: JAMA (1899)

this least decorous of " the pleasant vices of which the just gods make instruments to scourge us."Oth¬ ers, likely more convincing, will occur to each, as it is the physician's function to detect the beginning of evil.Because of such neglect-it is too late when ignorantly acquired indulgences become fixed habits -there are but few families without at least one mem¬ ber maimed in some of his faculties, neglecting some of his duties, violating some canon of social or domes¬ tic ethics because of the seductions of this alluring tempter, so that content, evidently designed by nature as a reward for successful labor, is coerced without labor by the hypnotism of a drug that makes men " lovers of pleasure more than lovers of good."
Abstract 5344: Subtyping of glioblastoma stem-like cancer cells with neural lineage markers predicts invasiveness and correlates with survival
Authors: Michael Zorniak, Paul A. Clark, Heather E. Leeper, Matthew D. Tipping, David M. Francis, Kevin R. Kozak, M. Shahriar Salamat, John S. Kuo
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a poorly treated human brain cancer with few established clinically useful molecular prognostic markers. GBM gene expression and microRNA profiling recently revealed developmental subtypes that potentially correlates with prognosis and treatment response. However, the clinically significant subset of glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSC) still lacks detailed molecular characterization and correlation to patient survival. We report that molecular classification of patient-derived GSCs using neural lineage markers show association with differential xenograft invasiveness, and also demonstrate significant correlation to survival in both the mouse model and human patients. Immunoblot array of neural lineage markers classified five independently isolated human GSC lines into three classes exhibiting differential expression of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC), astrocyte progenitor cells (APC), and neural progenitor cells (NPC) markers. After orthotopic injection into immunodeficient mice, Ki-67 proliferative index independent xenograft infiltration was observed: class I GSCs (OPC and NPC positive) created focal lesions, class II GSCs (NPC positive) formed minimally invasive lesions, and class III GSCs (APC positive) established highly infiltrative lesions. The OPC marker, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (CNP), exhibited high expression in focal xenografts versus low expression in invasive xenografts. Differential CNP expression significantly correlated with mouse model survival, and CNP assay of a large clinically annotated human GBM tissue microarray also showed differential patient survival. Therefore, GSC molecular characterization with neural lineage markers revealed a novel and potentially useful clinical prognosis marker, and suggests clinical importance for patient-specific GSC subtyping. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5344. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5344
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Sensitize Human Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells to Ionizing Radiation Through Acetyl p53-Mediated c-myc Down-Regulation
Authors: Sung-Keum Seo, Hyeon-Ok Jin, Sang-Hyeok Woo, Young-Sun Kim, Sungkwan An, Jae-Ho Lee, Seok-Il Hong, Kee-Ho Lee, Tae-Boo Choe, In-Chul Park
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2011)
Drug Regulation: Quo Vadis?
Authors: Jere E. Goyan
Journal: JAMA (1988)

The 1962 amendments to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act require that scientific proof of drug efficacy be established prior to marketing. During the years since, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has established an elaborate regulatory scheme for implementation that usually includes studies involving random allocation of patients to treatments (including placebo controls) and blinding of both patient and physician as to the treatment received. Studies of this type are costly in terms of both time and money, but when properly performed they successfully balance out factors, other than the treatments themselves, that may affect outcomes. Such studies have been able to guarantee the United States the most reliable supply of safe and effective drugs in the world. However, from the beginning, many have perceived a conflict between the needs of science to establish the validity of a new treatment and the needs of patients for early access to
Lipoprotein Abnormalities in Well-Treated Type II Diabetic Patients
Authors: Enzo Manzato, Alberto Zambon, Annunziata Lapolla, Sabina Zambon, Lorenzo Braghetto, Gaetano Crepaldi, Domenico Fedele
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

OBJECTIVE To investigate lipoprotein levels and composition in well-treated type II diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Cholesterol and triglyceride levels were measured in plasma, VLDL, LDL, and HDL in 120 type II diabetic patients in good to fair metabolic control (HbA1c, 7.2 ± 1.6%) and in 30 normal control subjects. ApoAI, AII, B, CII, CIII, and E levels in plasma were also determined. RESULTS The diabetic patients have significantly higher levels of mean plasma cholesterol (5.85 vs. 5.43 mM, P = 0.03), LDL triglycerides (0.41 vs. 0.31 mM, P = 0.003), and HDL triglycerides (0.24 vs. 0.19 mM, P = 0.02), whereas total triglycerides, VLDL cholesterol and triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol are not significantly different from normal control subjects. ApoB (150 vs. 135 mg/dl, P = 0.02) and apoCIII (10.6 vs. 8.4 mg/dl, P = 0.01) are significantly higher in diabetic patients compared with control subjects. No significant differences are observed in all the parameters among diabetic patients treated with diet only, sulphonylurea, sulphonylurea plus biguanides, or insulin. Body weight is significantly related to VLDL lipids. The VLDL triglycerides are inversely related to the HDL cholesterol in both diabetic patients and control subjects. The VLDL triglycerides are directly related to the HDL triglycerides only in diabetic patients. No other lipid or lipoprotein parameters are significantly related to body weight or metabolic control. CONCLUSIONS Type II diabetic patients in good to fair metabolic control are characterized by minor alterations of the plasma lipids, but LDL and HDL triglycerides, apoB, and apoCIII are increased, thus indicating that the lipoprotein composition is altered, possibly because of an abnormal triglyceride metabolism and/or lipid transfer activity.
Therapeutic use of H2O2-responsive anti-oxidant polymer nanoparticles for doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: Seunggyu Park, Jooheung Yoon, Soochan Bae, Minhyung Park, Changsun Kang, Qingen Ke, Dongwon Lee, Peter M. Kang
Journal: Biomaterials (2014)
Fake Urine Samples for Drug Analysis
Authors: Peter C. Toren
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To the Editor.  —I am writing in response to the recent letter by Drs Person and Ehrenkranz 1 entitled Fake Urine Samples for Drug Analysis: Hot, But Not Hot Enough. These authors describe a study they performed to discriminate between freshly voided urine and urine collected in aspirin and Visine bottles, which were held next to the scrotum or under the axilla for 15 minutes, on the basis of temperature. In every instance there was satisfactory temperature separation, and the authors conclude that measuring the temperature of the urine sample can uniformly discriminate fresh from previously voided urines.  A more logical conclusion from their study is that 15 minutes is not a long enough period for temperature equilibration to occur. Considering the relatively high specific heats of water and glass, it is quite possible that, should the study be repeated with much longer equilibration times, deception on the part of
Mesovarian leiomyomas in the rat.
Authors: C Gopinath, W A Gibson
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1987)

Prolonged treatment with two chemically distinct beta-stimulants, Salbutamol and Terbutaline, resulted in mesovarian leiomyomas in Sprague-Dawley rats. Development of these tumors induced by Salbutamol was prevented by concurrent administration of the beta-blocker Propranolol. Mesovarian leiomyomas induced by Salbutomol did not show any regression or progression during a 44-week postdosing recovery period. This report also gives the first recorded incidence of spontaneous mesovarian leiomyomas in the rat.
Recalcitrant, generalized pustular psoriasis: rapid and lasting therapeutic response to antitumour necrosis factor-alpha antibody (infliximab)
Authors: K. Schmick, J. Grabbe
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2004)

Sir, Generalized pustular psoriasis (von Zumbusch type) is often induced by abrupt termination of systemic corticosteroid therapy, bacterial infections, pregnancy, oral contraceptives and drugs such as β‐blockers or antimalarials. It is characterized by groups of sterile pustules arising on erythematous skin with episodes of fever and subsequent waves of new pustules.1 Erythroderma, weight loss, muscle weakness, leucocytosis, hypocalcaemia and an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate are associated with the disease.2 Besides elimination of provoking factors, first‐line treatment is with systemic retinoids, occasionally combined with photochemotherapy. However, without adequate treatment, death may occur in one‐third of cases. In 1996, a 76‐year‐old woman experienced a first manifestation of skin lesions which were histologically shown to be psoriasis vulgaris. The skin lesions responded to local treatment. Six years later, she developed a sudden eruption of severe generalized pustular psoriasis. This was treated with acitretin (up to 1 mg kg−1), with only partial response. Due to sudden agranulocytosis this therapy was terminated, resulting in immediate relapse. As subsequent therapy with methotrexate (up to 15 mg weekly) led to only insufficient control, ciclosporin (up to 3 mg kg−1) was added. Again, severe leucopenia occurred. Discontinuation of methotrexate resulted in granulocyte recovery, but ciclosporin alone was unable to suppress new eruptions and was stopped because of increased blood pressure. Dapsone 1 mg kg−1 also caused immediate agranulocytosis, accompanied by an impressive clearance of cutaneous symptoms. However, leucocyte recovery was paralleled by a drastic deterioration of skin conditions.
Thomas Welwyn Osborn
Authors: John M Grange, Helena M Klenka
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Former medical scientist and senior research fellow (b Welwyn Garden City 1921; q London 1947), died from multiple myeloma on 28 July 2004 in London.

Tom was employed by the Medical Research Council (MRC) and the National Institute for Biological Standards and Control. On retirement he became senior visiting research fellow at the National Heart and Lung Institute within Imperial College, London. In the early 1950s, the MRC appointed Tom to undertake a major study of the safety and efficacy of BCG vaccine. The MRC was able to show remarkably consistent protection against tuberculosis given by BCG vaccination of British schoolchildren. Tom became a world expert on BCG vaccine.
Miscibility and in vitro osteocompatibility of biodegradable blends of poly[(ethyl alanato) (p-phenyl phenoxy) phosphazene] and poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid)
Authors: Meng Deng, Lakshmi S. Nair, Syam P. Nukavarapu, Sangamesh G. Kumbar, Tao Jiang, Nicholas R. Krogman, Anurima Singh, Harry R. Allcock, Cato T. Laurencin
Journal: Biomaterials (2007)
Primary stimulation by dendritic cells induces antiviral proliferative and cytotoxic T cell responses in vitro.
Authors: S E Macatonia, P M Taylor, S C Knight, B A Askonas
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1989)

We used well-gassed hanging drop (20 microliters) cultures with high concentrations of purified T cells from normal BALB/c mice to examine whether dendritic cells (DC) can induce primary antiviral proliferative T cell responses and generate virus-specific CTL. We found that DC exposed to infectious influenza virus in vitro or in vivo in small numbers (0.1-1%) resulted in strong proliferation of responder T cells within 3 d, and this was strongly inhibited by antibodies to class II MHC molecules. In addition, in 5-d cultures, the influenza-treated DC generated CTL specifically able to lyse influenza-infected syngeneic target cells bearing MHC class I antigens. The most potent nucleoprotein (NP) epitope recognized by BALB/c CTL is peptide 147-158 (Arg156-) and influenza-infected DC in vitro stimulated CTL recognizing this peptide, thus mimicking the response in mice primed by intranasal influenza infection. We also induced T cell proliferation and virus-specific CTL in cultures of normal T cells by stimulating with DC pulsed with the natural NP sequence 147-158 or the potent peptide 147-158 (Arg156-). Small numbers of peritoneal exudate cells, after activation with Con A to produce class II MHC expression and after removal of DC with a specific mAb (33DI), did not lead to primary CTL generation but initiated secondary stimulation in vitro. Our results using the hanging drop culture method and DC as APC have implications for studying the T cell repertoire for viral components in humans without the necessity of previous immunization.
Hepatocytic lipoprotein receptors and intracellular lipoprotein catabolism
Authors: Richard J. Havel, Robert L. Hamilton
Journal: Hepatology (1988)

Hepatocytes, as the major site of synthesis and terminal catabolism of plasma lipoproteins, exert the major regulatory influence on the concentration of atherogenic lipoproteins in blood plasma and may thereby influence the rate of atherogenesis. The LDL receptor on the microvillous sinusoidal surface of hepatocytes mediates the catabolism of remnants of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and LDL. Binding of VLDL remnants to the receptor, mediated by apo E, is of very high affinity and presumably multivalent, whereas binding of LDL, mediated by apo B-100, is monovalent and of lower affinity, accounting for the much longer residence time of the latter in the blood. The magnitude of the influx of lipoprotein particles into hepatocytic endosomal compartments dwarfs that of other macromolecules undergoing receptor-mediated endocytosis and terminal catabolism in lysosomes of these cells. The intracellular compartments and processing steps in hepatocytic lipoprotein uptake and degradation are essentially the same as those described for other ligands in the liver and other cells. Receptors with bound lipoproteins migrate into coated pits which become coated vesicles. These vesicles uncoat and fuse to form CURL vesicles and tubules near the cell surface where most receptors are recycled, presumably via receptor-rich appendages that become separated from the vesicles. CURL vesicles become mature MVBs as they migrate to the Golgi/bile canalicular pole of hepatocytes, where they fuse with putative Golgi-derived primary lysosomes and are transformed into heterophagic secondary lysosomes. MVBs also contain a receptor-rich appendage that may recycle some receptors directly to the cell surface or through adjacent Golgi compartments. Dilated ends of trans-Golgi cisternae contain nascent VLDL undergoing packaging for secretion following their synthesis and assembly in the endoplasmic reticulum. Because these "forming secretory vesicles" resemble remnant-filled MVBs, occur in a similar location in the Golgi area of hepatocytes and coisolate in centrifugal fractions of liver homogenates, there has been considerable confusion about the identity of these compartments. With the aid of specific endocytic and exocytic markers, highly purified and morphologically intact endosomal and Golgi compartments can now be obtained from rat liver homogenates. The availability of these and similar fractions of defined purity should facilitate investigation of the hepatocytic processing of endocytosed and secreted macromolecules. Although chylomicron remnants are also taken up by receptor-mediated endocytosis, the nature of the hepatocytic remnant receptor remains elusive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Junior doctors and the EC draft directive on working hours.
Authors: J Poulsen
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Norfolk and Wisbech Area Health Authority in 1985, uncertainty has surrounded the issue of confidentiality.While most doctors will respect the confidentiality of those seeking contraceptive advice, the suspicion has remained that a few, because of their personal beliefs, would breach confidentiality in the case of someone under 16.The difficulty for the young person lies in distinguishing between those doctors they can and cannot trust.The consequences of such a breach of confidentiality might well be devastating for young people, and the chances of their pursuing a complaint against the doctor would be minimal.The General Medical Council's guidelines on confidentiality do not deal specifically with young people and contraception but emphasise that information about a patient should be disclosed without consent only in the most exceptional circumstances.9An explicit statement of what represents acceptable professional practice in the specific instance of a patient under 16 seeking contraception has, however, been lacking.The BMA, General Medical Services Committee, Brook Advisory Centres, Family Planning Association, and the Royal College of General Practitioners have now filled the gap.In a joint guidance note to be sent to all general practitioners next week they spell out in unequivocal terms that disregarding confidentiality in such circumstances is a serious breach of professional ethics.What is now required is a communications strategy so that young people will know that they can put their trust in doctors irrespective of whether they work in general practice, family planning clinics, or Brook Advisory Centres.Although progress is being made in medical confidentiality, a more sinister threat has arisen in the form of intimidation of those attending contraceptive services for young people.Premises have been picketed, and there have been threats to photograph those attending.This repulsive practice started in Belfast with the opening of a Brook Advisory Centre in September 1992 and now occurs in several cities across Britain.Such intimidation of young people seeking medical help is unacceptable in a civilised society and must not be allowed to succeed.
Long-term memory span
Authors: James S. Nairne, Ian Neath
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Cowan assumes that chunk-based capacity limits are synonymous with the essence of a “specialized STM mechanism.” In a single experiment, we measured the capacity, or span, of long-term memory and found that it, too, corresponds roughly to the magical number 4. The results imply that a chunk-based capacity limit is not a signature characteristic of remembering over the short-term.