tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Plasma insulin disturbances in primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Hakjoong Kim, Ronald K. Kalkhoff, Nicholas V. Costrini, James M. Cerletty, Mitchell Jacobson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Plasma insulin dynamics were evaluated in 10 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism before and after parathyroidectomy and correction of hypercalcemia. Before surgery fasting plasma insulin concentrations and insulin responses to administered glucose, tolbutamide, and glucagon were significantly greater than postoperative values. Hyperinsulinemia was not associated with altered glucose curves during glucose or glucagon tolerance tests, but a relatively greater insulin response to tolbutamide resulted in an increased hypoglycemic effect following its administration. The glucose-lowering action of intravenous insulin was slightly impaired before treatment. Intramuscular injections of parathormone to six normal men for 8 days induced mild hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia and reproduced augmented plasma insulin responses to oral glucose and intravenous tolbutamide. 4-hr intravenous infusions of calcium to another group of six normal men raised serum calcium concentrations above 11 mg/100 ml. This did not alter glucose or insulin curves during oral glucose tolerance but markedly accentuated insulin responses to tolbutamide and potentiated its hypoglycemic effect. When highly purified parathormone was incubated with isolated pancreatic islets of male rats, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was unaffected.
A Scale for Predicting Nonphysiological Contributions to Pain
Authors: Jerald F. Dirks, Jeffrey Wunder, James Reynolds, Rachel Basse, Robert Kinsman, Nelson Jones
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1996)

Background: Waddell and colleagues have identified a series of nonorganic signs which may appear in low back pain patients. The occurrence of these signs helps predict nonphysiological factors in the etiology of the pain. This study describes the development of the Waddell Equivalency Scale (WES) which elicits comparable information from patients with pain at other sites. Methods: One hundred fifty patients presenting to a comprehensive pain clinic with low back pain were evaluated by physicians for Waddell signs and by psychologists using the Pain Presentation Inventory (PPI) developed by Psychometric Designs Inc. From three scales of the PPI, correlation, analysis of variance and multiple regression identified a formula which predicted Waddell signs from the PPI. The study was replicated on a new sample of 150 patients with almost identical results. The two samples were combined, again with highly similar results. An interpretive scheme was devised for use of the WES scale. Results: The WES score derived from three scales of the PPI predicts the number of Waddell signs elicited from low back pain patients. Since it comes from a paper-and-pencil test rather than a physical examination, it can be used with patients whose pain locus is other than the back. Conclusions: Behavioral expectations and treatment plans, à la Waddell, can now be applied to patients with other than low back pain. Clinical application of the WES information over a variety of pain populations will be required to determine the parameters of its usefulness.
Friction Rub over the Liver in a Patient with Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis
Authors: MILOSH KASICH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1932)

Article1 November 1932Friction Rub over the Liver in a Patient with Subacute Bacterial EndocarditisMILOSH KASICH, M.D.MILOSH KASICH, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-6-5-689 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe patient, B. S., 15 years of age was admitted to the New York City Hospital March 21, 1930, complaining of pain in the chest, cough and shortness of breath. The family history was unimportant. He had been an invalid since childhood and when he was two years old his mother was told that he had "heart trouble". For many years his activity had been limited because of dyspnea upon the slightest exertion. There was no history of rheumatic fever or of chorea. He had had occasional sore throats. Tonsillectomy was performed about five years ago.His present illness began... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: MILOSH KASICH, M.D.Affiliations: New York, N.Y.From The City Hospital, New York, N.Y.Received for publication, December 16, 1931. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1932Volume 6, Issue 5Page: 689-690KeywordsDyspneaEndocarditisHeartLiverPharyngitisRheumatic feverThorax ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1932 PDF downloadLoading ...
Pneumomediastinum and hyponatraemic dehydration as presenting features of cystic fibrosis
Authors: Francis J. Gilchrist, Martin Samuels, Gillian Klafkowski, Nick A. Watson, Warren Lenney
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

Pneumomediastinum and hyponatraemic dehydration as presenting features of cystic fibrosisTo the Editor:Newborn screening for cystic fibrosis promotes early diagnosis and treatment, leading to a reduction in the number of late diagnoses [1].This is of benefit to patients but contributes to physicians being less aware of the diverse ways in which unscreened patients present.We report a 12-year-old male who presented with pneumomediastinum and hyponatraemic dehydration, in whom subsequent investigations diagnosed cystic fibrosis.Hyponatraemic dehydration is well documented as a presenting feature of cystic fibrosis but usually occurs during periods of hot weather or after strenuous exercise [2]; neither was present in this case.Although pneumomediastinum is not uncommon in adults with advanced cystic fibrosis [3], it is very rare in children and has not previously been reported in combination with hyponatraemic dehydration.A 12-year-old male attended the emergency department with shortness of breath, neck swelling and chest pain.The patient had been unwell for 1 week with coryza, pyrexia and a productive cough.He was dehydrated, tachycardic, tachypnoeic and hypoxic.Blood pressure was normal.He had palpable crepitus on the left side of his neck extending onto his anterior chest wall.Chest wall expansion was equal and his trachea central.On auscultation, there were coarse crackles throughout both lung fields.The only other abnormality was grade III finger clubbing.
Authors' reply to Georgalas and colleagues
Authors: A. King, A. Azuara-Blanco, A. Tuulonen
Journal: BMJ (2013)

We thank Georgalas and colleagues for highlighting an important consideration when evaluating patients for glaucoma.1 2

Pachymetry needs to be considered when evaluating the risk of developing glaucoma in patients with ocular hypertension. It is recognised that Goldmann tonometry can underestimate intraocular pressure (IOP) in …
Improving child health services in the UK: insights from Europe and their implications for the NHS reforms
Authors: I. Wolfe, H. Cass, M. J. Thompson, A. Craft, E. Peile, P. A. Wiegersma, S. Janson, T. L. Chambers, M. McKee
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The coalition government's Health and Social Care Bill is unlikely to deliver the improvements in children's health services that are urgently needed. Useful lessons can be learnt from how other European countries deliver healthcare for children, say <b>Ingrid Wolfe and colleagues</b>
Abstract 5390: A serotype 5/3 adenovirus expressing MDA-7/IL-24 infects renal carcinoma cells and promotes toxicity of agents that increase ROS and ceramide levels
Authors: Mary Danielle Bareford, Hossein A. Hamed, Margaret Park, Steven Grant, Paul Fisher, Paul Dent
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract It recognized that agents that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) enhance MDA-7/IL-24 lethality. The present studies focused on clarifying how such agents enhanced MDA-7/IL-24 toxicity in renal cell carcinoma cells (RCCs). Infection of RCCs with a tropism-modified serotype 5/3 adenovirus expressing MDA-7/IL-24, Ad.5/3-mda-7, caused plasma membrane clustering of CD95 and CD95 association with pro-caspase 8, effects that were enhanced by combined exposure to 17AAG, As2O3 or 4HPR, and which correlated with enhanced cell killing. Knock down of CD95 or expression of c-FLIP-s blocked enhanced killing. Inhibition of ROS generation, elevated cytosolic Ca2+, or de novo ceramide synthesis blocked Ad.5/3-mda-7 +/- agent-induced CD95 activation and the enhancement of apoptosis.Ad.5/3-mda-7-increased ceramide levels in a PERK-dependent fashion that were responsible for elevated cytosolic Ca2+ levels that promoted ROS generation; 17AAG did not further enhance cytokine-induced ceramide generation. In vivo, infection of RCC tumors with Ad.5/3-mda-7 suppressed the growth of infected tumors that was enhanced by exposure to 17AAG. Our data indicates that in RCCs Ad.5/3-mda-7-induced ceramide generation plays a central role in tumor cell killing and inhibition of multiple signaling pathways may have utility in promoting MDA-7/IL-24 lethality in renal cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5390. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5390
Kinetic investigations into the possible cause of low serum histidine in rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: N G Sitton, J S Dixon, C Astbury, R J Francis, H A Bird, V Wright
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1988)

To investigate the cause of low serum histidine in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) single oral and intravenous doses of L-histidine were administered to patients with active RA, and to an equal number of age and sex matched control subjects. In the first study 13 patients and their controls received a 100 mg kg-1 dose of L-histidine as an aqueous slurry. Significant differences were seen in body weight, predose baseline serum histidine concentration, Cmax, t1/2, and area under curve, AUC0-infinity. In a second study six patients and six controls each received a 50 mg kg-1 dose of L-histidine both orally and intravenously on two separate occasions. The patients with RA had a lower baseline serum histidine concentration, a lower volume of distribution, and a shorter plasma half life than the controls, but these differences were not statistically significant. No difference was seen in bioavailability or clearance. Low serum histidine in RA is unlikely to be due to malabsorption from the gut, uptake by abnormal gut flora, or increased metabolism.
Cocaine and Traffic Accident Fatalities in New York City-Reply
Authors: Peter M. Marzuk
Journal: JAMA (1990)

In Reply. —  We are grateful for the correspondence concerning our article. Drs Ravi and Burke bring to our attention that, in a certain percentage of cocainedependent patients, benzoylecgonine can be detected for up to 120 hours. In our study, we too noted that cocaine metabolites were detected in 11 persons who survived in hospitals for greater than 48 hours. We chose our 48-hour cutoff time based on the limited literature in this area. The factors related to cocaine metabolism and elimination require further study, especially now that the pattern of compulsive use may have changed with the introduction of crack. We agree that it cannot be construed that drivers killed in motor vehicle accidents who tested positive for cocaine metabolites were impaired immediately prior to the fatal accident. It should also be noted that cocaine could influence the probability of a motor vehicle accident, either because of an acute
Impaired nitric oxide-dependent cyclic guanosine monophosphate generation in glomeruli from diabetic rats. Evidence for protein kinase C-mediated suppression of the cholinergic response.
Authors: P A Craven, R K Studer, F R DeRubertis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1994)

Nitric oxide (NO)-dependent cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) generation was examined in glomeruli isolated from 1-2-wk and 2-mo streptozotocin diabetic (D) and control (C) rats. After 1-2 wk of diabetes, ex vivo basal cGMP generation and cGMP responses to carbamylcholine (CCh) were significantly suppressed in glomeruli from D compared with those from C, whereas cGMP responses to the calcium ionophore A23187 and nitroprusside (NP) did not differ in glomeruli from D vs. those from C. After 2 mo, glomeruli from D did not respond to CCh, and responses to A23187 and NP were suppressed compared with those from C. Differences in basal, CCh, and A23187-responsive cGMP between D and C were abolished by the NO synthetase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine. Soluble glomerular guanylate cyclase prepared from either D or C responded indistinguishably to NP, suggesting a role for NO quenching in the suppression of cGMP in intact glomeruli from D. Compared with those from C, glomeruli isolated from D demonstrated increased generation of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and activation of protein kinase C (PKC). Both the TXA2/endoperoxide receptor antagonist Bay U3405 and inhibitors of PKC activity restored a cGMP response to CCh in glomeruli from D. Conversely, in glomeruli from C, the TXA2/endoperoxide analogue U46619 activated PKC and suppressed the cGMP response to CCh. Both of those actions were blocked by inhibitors of PKC. The results indicate a progressive impairment of NO-dependent cGMP generation in glomeruli from D which may be mediated in part by TXA2 and activation of PKC. This impairment may participate in glomerular injury in diabetes.
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Is Central to Cardioprotection
Authors: Tobias Eckle, David Köhler, Rainer Lehmann, Karim C. El Kasmi, Holger K. Eltzschig
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Ischemic preconditioning provides strong cardioprotection from ischemia, but its molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Convincing evidence confirms a central role of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 in mammalian oxygen homeostasis. Thus, we pursued HIF-1 as a central component of cardioprotection by ischemic preconditioning.Murine studies of in situ preconditioning revealed a robust activation of cardiac HIF-1. Moreover, in vivo small interfering RNA repression of cardiac HIF-1 resulted in abolished cardioprotection by ischemic preconditioning. In contrast, pretreatment with the HIF activator dimethyloxalylglycine was associated with cardioprotection similar to that of ischemic preconditioning itself. Finally, selective small interfering RNA repression of prolylhydroxylase 2 resulted in significant activation of HIF-1 alpha and attenuated myocardial infarct sizes (0.44+/-0.09-fold). As an end point of HIF-dependent cardioprotection, we defined the role of A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) signaling. Although the cardiac A2BAR was induced with HIF activation, HIF-dependent cardioprotection was abolished in A2BAR-/- mice.Taken together, these studies provide evidence for a critical role of HIF-1 in ischemic preconditioning via enhancing purinergic signaling pathways.
Less than immortel
Authors: T. Dalrymple
Journal: BMJ (2012)

How immortal is literary immortality? The members of the Academie Francaise, always 40 in number, are called les immortels , but it is clear that many of them are forgotten within a few years of their death, and some sooner than that. 

In his preface to Three Plays by Brieux , Bernard Shaw calls Eugene Brieux (1858-1932) the greatest French playwright since Moliere, the equal if not the superior to Sophocles; but, so far at least, history has not agreed with him. Though Brieux was elected to the ranks of les immortels , his plays are now never performed. 

This, perhaps, is because they deal exclusively, and didactically, with the social problems of his day; it is also why they …
Treatment of Psychosocial Crises in the Emergency Service of a General Hospital
Authors: Fred H. Frankel
Journal: JAMA (1966)

Emergency facilities in metropolitan general hospitals have been facing increasing demands in recent years with a corresponding increase in the number of patients with psychosocial crises. A flexible and multidisciplinary approach to these problems is considered to be the most effective means of handling them and of applying principles of crisis intervention. The ranks of the flexible and assiduous practicing general psychiatrists are the obviously desirable sources of the senior personnel required.
The Nature of Pressor Substances in Pheochromocytomas
Authors: D. M. PITCAIRN, W. B. YOUMANS
Journal: Circulation (1950)

The actions of aqueous extracts of two pheochromocytomas are compared before and after the administration of the adrenergic blocking agent, Dibenamine. One tumor contained predominantly a substance which, like norepinephrine, had pressor actions after Dibenamine. The other tumor contained chiefly an epinephrine-like substance. The significance of the presence of norepinephrine in pheochromocytomas and its role in epinephrine metabolism are discussed.
Gynaecologists blame high incidence of back pain on their work
Authors: Roger Dobson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

More than seven out of 10 gynaecologists have back pain, with half blaming the problem on the job. Around one in eight have needed surgery, and many experience pain while carrying out examinations or performing surgery, according to a survey of 107 practitioners.

The survey, conducted in Northern Ireland and reported in Occupational Medicine (2001;51:433-8), also found that one in five specialists in obstetrics and gynaecology have taken time off work because of back pain. Between them, the 107 consultants and retired consultants …
FOODS AND DIETS IN DIABETES
Authors: NELLIS B. FOSTER
Journal: JAMA (1930)

Some may recall what a simple matter the arrangement of a diabetic diet used to be. It was built up on the can take and cannot take principle. Occasionally even now some patient will exhibit a printed slip, worn and frayed (usually the sort furnished in pads by pharmaceutic industries). This sort of diet regulation scorned all the pother of tolerances and tests which was the exuberant growth of the next decade. But following Naunyn there was a reluctant consent that diabetes was not just diabetes; there were evidently differences in the intensity of the disease which must be compensated for in various food adjustments. Some doubtless recall von Noorden's elaborate tables of equivalents based on comparison with bread.  But the basic principles in all these diets were set forth by Rollo in the eighteenth century: to wit, an excess of meat and a scant ration of starch. In recent
Smoking cessation: a critical investigative tool in COPD
Authors: Bwm Willemse, Nht ten Hacken, DS Postma, W Timens
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2006)

To the Editors: 

The recent longitudinal assessment of airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, before and after 1-yr smoking cessation 1, is a perfect example of what clinical researchers should do in order to expand the current knowledge base in the area of smoke-related disorders. As Ind 2 appropriately points out in his ancillary editorial to the previously mentioned paper, the findings are not conclusive due to the lack of study controls, together with the small number of COPD subjects studied.

Nevertheless, the effect of smoking cessation on COPD is an important topic and further efforts should be devoted towards high-quality longitudinal studies of smoking cessation. International guidelines for COPD (British Thoracic Society, American Thoracic Society, Global Initiative …
Bilateral Ovarian Dermoid associated with a High Degree of Fertility
Authors: T. G. Robinson
Journal: BMJ (1945)

March 28.The C.S.F. was then clear and the cell count 3 lymphocytes per c.mm.; protein, 20 mg. per 100 c.cm.Apart from the usual nursing measures, the only treatment was a course of sulphadiazine starting on March 24 and finishing on March 27, a total of 21 g.being given. CommentaryIn this case an almost latent parotitis was followed three days later by a fairly severe orchitis, 36 hours after which meningo-encephalitis manifested itself.The unusual features were the low C.S.F.cell count, the rather high sugar, and the presence of papilloedema.The mental confusion, drowsiness, twitching of the facial muscles, and the C.S.F.findings indi- cated an encephalitis.The clinical evidence of cerebral and meningeal involvement would suggest much more extensive changes in the C.S.F.than were actually found.The cell count was only slightly raised and the protein was normal.In the case described by Coe (1945) the cell count varied from 90 to 100 per c.mm. Harris and Bethell (1938) found 740 cells per c.mm. in the C.S.F. of the case they reported.Synge (1930) describes a case with a C.S.F.cell count of 300 per c.mm.In the five cases reported by Frankland (1941) the C.S.F.cell -count varied from 230 to 1,078 per c.mm.None of these authors noted papilloedema in their cases, nor was it mentioned by Rolleston (1932).Price (1942), however, states that papill- oedema and even optic atrophy occur as a sequel.The high initial pyrexia and relative bradycardia found in our case conform to previous case reports in the literature.The parotitis was very mild, and its presence was revealed only by a further close questioning of the patient when it appeared to us that mumps alone could explain the presence of a coinci- dent meningo-encephalitis and orchitis.There was no history of any contact with another case of mumps.There was a high initial polymorphonucleosis, but as the orchitis subsided an absolute lymphocytosis developed, as is usual in mumps.Recovery was complete and rapid.We do not consider that it was influenced-to any extent by the use of sulphadiazine.Summary A case of mumps with a mild parotitis and a fairly severe orchitis and meningo-encephalitis is described.The case is unusual in that the C.S.F.cell count was only slightly raised and, apart from slight increase in sugar, the C.S.F. was otherwise chemically normal.Papilloedema was a feature of the case, but was not followed by any impairment of vision.
P14 Very High Quality Next-generation Dna Sequencing Data From Human Genomic Dna Samples Stored, And Intermittently Defrosted Over Two Decades
Authors: C. Shovlin, F. Govani, I. Mollet, E. Thomas, M. Jones, A. Giess, L. Game
Journal: Thorax (2014)

<h3>Introduction and objectives</h3> Concern about the DNA quality for next-generation sequencing encourages use of dedicated preparative kits. The purpose of this study was to attempt to sequence ten stored DNA samples that had been prepared from human blood using phenol chloroform methods 12–17 years earlier, frozen at -70 C and not subjected to special treatments. <h3>Methods</h3> The ten DNA samples that had been defrosted on multiple occasions, were defrosted again for library preparations using the Agilent SureSelect Target Enrichment System for Illumina paired-end multiplexed sequencing. Sequencing was performed on an Illumina HiSeq 2000 instrument for 2 × 100 base reads. Sequencing data were processed with RTA version 1.7.45 with default filter and quality settings, aligned to human genome build hg18 using CASAVA Eland pair algorithm, and demultiplexed with CASAVA 1.7. <h3>Results</h3> All libraries passed stringent quality control steps at each step of library generation. More than 10 Giga bases (Gb) of sequence was generated from each read. High quality scores meant that even the data from the last of the 200 sequencing cycles were usable, with a cycle 200 median Phred score of 25. More than 3.3 million clusters passed filters for each read, and more than 86% of the sequence reads aligned to the human genome. For each sample, approximately 8 million primary sequence reads uniquely mapped to the captured region of interest. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Extremely high quality DNA sequences can be obtained using stored DNA samples prepared many years earlier, and not subjected to any special treatments in the intervening years. The findings will be of particular importance to research communities where acquisition of new samples is not always possible.