tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A FORM OF POLYPOID COLITIS AS A LATE STAGE OF AMEBIC DYSENTERY
Authors: LAURENCE E. HINES
Journal: JAMA (1923)

<h3>History.</h3> —A druggist, aged 41, a patient of Dr. W. H. Burmeister, was admitted to St. Joseph's Hospital, Feb. 12, 1922, complaining of diarrhea, rectal tenesmus, weakness, abdominal pain and insomia. He was a native of the United States and had never lived in tropical or other foreign countries. In 1912, he developed a mild diarrhea with from three to five soft stools daily, which persisted in attacks of a mild form for many years with little or no discomfort. In 1917, attacks of severe diarrhea became frequent the stools became more watery, and numbered from ten to fifteen daily, and occasionally the patient had abdominal cramps. The diarrhea slowly and progressively became worse until, six months before entering the hospital, he was too weak to work. In November, 1921, there was about one-half ounce of blood on the top of the stool, and, after this, blood was noticed frequently.
Epidural anaesthesia and low back pain after delivery
Authors: H. McQuay, A. Moore
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—The final key message in the paper by Alison Macarthur and colleagues is that everyone “can assure women that any increased risk of low back pain is small and transient.”1 The two key questions are then “How big is the risk?” and “How long does it last?”

Despite differences in the definition of the outcome backache, when the data from the paper1 were combined with those from previous studies …
Methotrexate-induced malabsorption in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
Authors: A W Craft, H Kay, D N Lawson, T J McElwain
Journal: BMJ (1977)

A one-hour D-xylose absorption test was performed on 18 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Xylose absorption was normal in children who had not received methotrexate, but there was a significant degree of malabsorption in those who had taken methotrexate within the previous seven days. There was a progressive and significant increase in malabsorption related to the cumulative dose of methotrexate. These findings provide further evidence that regular methotrexate treatment every seven days is more toxic than if it is more widely spaced. The spacing of treatment is currently under investigation.
AIDS in Uganda — Clinical and Social Features
Authors: Richard W. Goodgame
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1990)

This article highlights the clinical and social features of the AIDS epidemic in Uganda. AIDS is already the most common cause of admission and death among hospitalized adults in many parts of the country. 1 million adults out of a country of 17 million people are estimated to be HIV-seropositive. With such a large population of HIV infected people high risks no longer exist and knowing a patient's social history rarely helps in diagnosing AIDS. Tuberculosis is now ubiquitous with a doubling in the number of cases from 1984 to 1987. With few reliable laboratory resources, a patient with AIDS with a pulmonary infiltrate can present a dilemma to a Ugandan health worker. Even though HIV testing is not routinely available in Uganda where resources are being used to repair a damaged economy, the clinical criteria for diagnosing AIDS may actually be more than 92% specific. A benefit to the clinical diagnosis is that many treatable non-HIV-related illnesses, such as diabetes, are frequently undiagnosed as AIDS related syndrome in people who are shown to be HIV seropositive by routine testing. Since AIDS immunosuppresses patients, the local opportunistic infections indicate the common environmental pathogens. In Uganda the highly prevalent infections are: syphilis, 5-30%; cytomegalovirus infection, 100%; toxoplasmosis, 50-75%; and chronic hepatitis B antigenemia, 15%. Unfortunately, there is little a Ugandan physician can do for AIDS patients with limited health resources. Counseling is controversial due to expected social norms and arguments about the situation's futility. A huge infusion of education, money, and personnel will be needed to combat AIDS in Uganda.
UBAP2L is a novel BMI1-interacting protein essential for hematopoietic stem cell activity
Authors: Marie-Eve Bordeleau, Romain Aucagne, Jalila Chagraoui, Simon Girard, Nadine Mayotte, Éric Bonneil, Pierre Thibault, Caroline Pabst, Anne Bergeron, Frédéric Barabé, Josée Hébert, Martin Sauvageau, Christel Boutonnet, Sylvain Meloche, Guy Sauvageau
Journal: Blood (2014)
Parallels between hearing and seeing support physicalism
Authors: Stephen Handel, Molly L. Erickson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

Abstract There are 2,000 hair cells in the cochlea, but only three cones in the retina. This disparity can be understood in terms of the differences between the physical characteristics of the auditory signal (discrete excitations and resonances requiring many narrowly tuned receptors) and those of the visual signal (smooth daylight excitations and reflectances requiring only a few broadly tuned receptors). We argue that this match supports the physicalism of color and timbre.
Cocaine: The Great White Plague
Authors: Barry Liskow
Journal: JAMA (1991)

The danger cocaine presents to individuals and social structures is no longer debated. The suddenness of the spread of cocaine abuse and its accompanying violence has led some prominent people to suggest that all illicit drugs, including cocaine, be legalized to prevent the fueling of illicit drug empires and to preserve civil liberties that strict drug laws threaten. This solution is not widely embraced and is noteworthy mainly because it indicates the dissatisfaction with current approaches to the cocaine epidemic. This book by Dr Gabriel G. Nahas also displays strong dissatisfaction with current approaches to the cocaine epidemic. Nahas, who has written extensively about the dangers of marijuana, begins his assessment of contemporary approaches to cocaine by reviewing historical attitudes toward cocaine and its control. He describes the debate in the late 19th and early 20th centuries between Freud (who initially wrote that cocaine was a safe wonder drug) and
Use and Outcomes Associated With Bridging During Anticoagulation Interruptions in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Benjamin A. Steinberg, Eric D. Peterson, Sunghee Kim, Laine Thomas, Bernard J. Gersh, Gregg C. Fonarow, Peter R. Kowey, Kenneth W. Mahaffey, Matthew W. Sherwood, Paul Chang, Jonathan P. Piccini, Jack Ansell
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background— Temporary interruption of oral anticoagulation for procedures is often required, and some propose using bridging anticoagulation. However, the use and outcomes of bridging during oral anticoagulation interruptions in clinical practice are unknown. Methods and Results— The Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF) registry is a prospective, observational registry study of US outpatients with atrial fibrillation. We recorded incident temporary interruptions of oral anticoagulation for a procedure, including the use and type of bridging therapy. Outcomes included multivariable-adjusted rates of myocardial infarction, stroke or systemic embolism, major bleeding, cause-specific hospitalization, and death within 30 days. Of 7372 patients treated with oral anticoagulation, 2803 overall interruption events occurred in 2200 patients (30%) at a median follow-up of 2 years. Bridging anticoagulants were used in 24% (n=665), predominantly low-molecular-weight heparin (73%, n=487) and unfractionated heparin (15%, n=97). Bridged patients were more likely to have had prior cerebrovascular events (22% versus 15%; P =0.0003) and mechanical valve replacements (9.6% versus 2.4%; P &lt;0.0001); however, there was no difference in CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc scores (scores ≥2 in 94% versus 95%; P =0.5). Bleeding events were more common in bridged than nonbridged patients (5.0% versus 1.3%; adjusted odds ratio, 3.84; P &lt;0.0001). The incidence of myocardial infarction, stroke or systemic embolism, major bleeding, hospitalization, or death within 30 days was also significantly higher in patients receiving bridging (13% versus 6.3%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.94; P =0.0001). Conclusions— Bridging anticoagulation is used in one quarter of anticoagulation interruptions and is associated with higher risk for bleeding and adverse events. These data do not support the use of routine bridging, and additional data are needed to identify best practices concerning anticoagulation interruptions. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01165710.
Tendon Lesions in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: J. H. Kellgren, J. Ball
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1950)

In his treatise on the nature and cure of rheumatism, Scudamore (1827) described the tendons as " knotty at their insertions and often contracted "; and Stockman (1904) used the term "'tendinous rheumatism ".Klinge (1933) described micro- scopic lesions in the tendons and joint capsules of patients dying of active rheumatic heart disease, but the typical rheumatoid tendon lesions have been adequately described only by Scandinavian workers.Helweg (1924) stated that snapping fingers were very common in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis.He noticed that in such cases large nodules could be felt in the palm of the hand, and that these nodules moved with the long flexor tendons of the fingers to which they were presumably attached.Sandberg (1941) reported a case of rheumatoid arthritis with snapping of all ten digits of both hands.At operation large glassy nodules were found in the long flexor tendons at the level of the metacarpo-phalangeal joints.Both Kahlmeter (1933) and Edstrom (1945) have stressed the importance of " tendinitis " as a cause of disability in rheumatic subjects, and in a survey of the Lund material Edstrom found clinical evidence of " tendinitis " and " peritendinitis " in 48 per cent. of 391 cases of chronic rheumatic polyarthritis.The long flexors of the fingers were the tendons most often involved, being affected in 38 per cent. of Edstr6m's cases.There is a large surgical literature on the subject of the snapping finger.In recent reviews (Compere, 1933; Henri, 1947) and in other important reports (Marchesi, 1905) the snapping finger or thumb was usually an isolated lesion asso- ciated with trauma, tumours, or occupational hazards such as piano playing; generalized rheumatic disease being exceptional in these cases.Most authors consider stenosis of the tendon sheaths to be an important cause of snapping, though nodules in the tendons also play their part.True stenosing tendovaginitis, as described by De Quervain (1895) and more recent writers, Finkelstein (1930) and Henri (1947), seems to be a rather different condition, being largely confined to the region of the radial styloid and being characterized by massive thickening of the fibrous sheath.We have recently made a study of the tendon lesions of rheumatoid arthritis, and have compared them with a few cases of isolated snapping digits and of De Quervain's disease. Clinical MaterialDuring the past eighteen months we have explored the long flexor tendons of the fingers in fifteen cases of rheumatoid arthritis and in two cases that presented isolated snapping digits.In some of these cases advanced tendon lesions were 48 copyright.
Fibrosis accelerates the development of enzyme-altered lesions in the rat liver
Authors: Isao Sakaida, Koji Hironaka, Koichi Uchida, Chieko Suzuki, Kozo Kayano, Kiwamu Okita
Journal: Hepatology (1998)

Injection of pig serum into rats twice a week for 8 weeks induced stellate cell activation resulting in liver fibrosis without parenchymal cell injury. Administration of a choline deficient L–amino acid defined (CDAA) diet for 6 weeks with or without pig serum pretreatment led to the development of preneoplastic lesions that were positive for the placental form of glutathione S–transferase (GSTP). Pig serum pretreatment induced more activated stellate cells in the livers of rats subsequently fed a CDAA diet for 6 weeks compared with rats fed the CDAA diet alone. Activated stellate cells were detected as α smooth muscle actin (αSMA)–positive cells and by the expression of αSMA messenger RNA. These cells caused severe fibrosis as assessed by the hepatic hydroxyproline content. Pre–existing fibrosis induced by the activation of stellate cells with pig serum pretreatment increased hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) level in parallel with GSTP–positive lesions. These results indicate that pre–existing fibrosis with the activated stellate cells accelerates the development of preneoplastic lesions in a CDAA diet model.
Endoscopic Placement of Indigenous Plastic Esophageal Endoprostheses - Does It Still Have a Role in the Era of Expandable Metallic Stents? A Prospective Indian Study in 265 Consecutive Patients
Authors: A. P. Maydeo, A. Bapaye, P. N. Desai, S. S. Khanna, R. K. Deshpande, R. Badve
Journal: Endoscopy (1998)

Background and Study Aims: Esophageal endoprosthesis placement is an established method of palliating inoperable esophageal malignancy. However, the prosthesis choice varies, with expandable metal stents recently gaining popularity. We present our experience of using an indigenously developed plastic prosthesis in 265 patients prospectively in the period April 1992 to May 1996.
Dendronized iron oxide nanoparticles for multimodal imaging
Authors: Giuseppe Lamanna, Marie Kueny-Stotz, Hind Mamlouk-Chaouachi, Cynthia Ghobril, Brice Basly, Annabelle Bertin, Imen Miladi, Claire Billotey, Geneviève Pourroy, Sylvie Begin-Colin, Delphine Felder-Flesch
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
542. Targeting EGFR with Metabolically Biotinylated Fiber-Mosaic Adenovirus
Authors: Larisa Pereboeva, Svetlana Komarova, Selvarangan Ponnazhagan, David T. Curiel
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

To increase flexibility of modifications of adenoviral particles we proposed an incorporation of second fiber into viral particle and utilization of this fiber as a substrate for structural modifications. Feasibility of this approach was previously demonstrated by design of mosaic adenovirus genetically encoding two fibers: wild type and |[ldquo]|adjunct|[rdquo]| fiber |[ndash]| Fiber-Fibritin (FF). Next we genetically fused Fiber-Fibritin to a biotin acceptor peptide (PSTCD, P. shermanii transcarboxylase domain, 77 aa), obtaining metabolically biotinylated Adenovirus (mbAd). We have rescued and propagated mbAd, having both fibers incorporated in the virion: wt fiber and FF-PSTCD. We confirmed incorporation of FF-PSTCD in mosaic viral particles by Western blot and its biotinylation after propagation in 293 cells. Presence of biotin on adjunct fiber confers new properties to the viral particle, which can be exploited for detection, purification or retargeting. At the last end, conjugating biotinylated fiber-mosaic virus with any streptavidin/avidin-bearing peptides or proteins as targeting adaptors could provide viral retargeting to appropriate receptors. As an example of the practical utility of such viral modifications, we investigated if biotinylated fiber could target infection to the EGF receptor (EGFR), overexpressed on cancer cell lines via molecular bridge with EGF-Streptavidin. Our findings indicate that mbAd complexed with EGF-Streptavidin (mbAd/EGF) achieved 20-fold increase of infection efficiency on A431 cells overexpressing EGFR compared to untargeted mbAd. Increase in transduction efficiency of EGFR-retargeted mbAd was also achieved on other cancer cell lines. Enhanced infectivity of fiber-mosaic Ad provided by EGF-related targeting was not abolished by blocking with recombinant Ad5 knob, while wild type infection at the same experimental conditions was blocked. We also investigated in vivo targeting potential of mbAd complexed with EGF-Streptavidin on two different models. First, we utilized mouse model of locoregional EGFR-positive ovarian xenografts. Expression of reporter gene in ovarian tumor nodules was 5 times higher with EGFR-retargeted mbAd compared to the virus without adaptor. Secondly, retargeting capacity of mbAd/EGF was tested on mouse |[ldquo]|transient transgenic|[rdquo]| model, which is accomplished by preinfection of hCAR transgenic mice with AdfltEGFR and intended to transiently express hEGFR in the mouse lung vasculature. mbAd/EGF achieved 7-fold higher expression in the lung compared to mbAd without adaptor and wt Ad. Moreover, lung/liver ratio of gene expression for retargeted mbAd was also increased in both in vivo models tested. Thus, we demonstrated that additional fiber in fiber-mosaic could be used for biotinylation and this modification in combination with appropriate adaptors can be successfully exploited for adenoviral retargeting strategies.
Lymphoedema complicating rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: J E Dippy
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1991)

Worsening of Felty's syndrome with methotrexate Sir: Drs Hughes and Abdulla recently reported a favourable response to low dose oral metho- trexate treatment in a patient with Felty's syndrome,' confirming earlier reports.2 3 In contrast, we found such treatment failed, with worsening of neutropenia.
Eradicating Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Edward K. Chapnick
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —We read with great interest the response by Little<sup>1</sup>in the Questions and Answers section. While we agree that eradication of colonization with methicillin-resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>(MRSA) is a worthy goal and that mupirocin appears effective for this indication, we were surprised that alternative strategies to eradicate MRSA colonization were not presented. Topical bacitracin ointment has often been used to eradicate MRSA colonization. Reagan et al,<sup>2</sup>however, state that "topical bacitracin has been suggested for eradicating<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, but studies have not documented efficacy." The reference cited to support this statement<sup>3</sup>was a comparison of topical bacitracin and vancomycin ointments for nasal carriers of S<i>aureus</i>. Antibiotic susceptibilities for the organisms isolated were not stated in the article. In this small study, both bacitracin and vancomycin ointments were found to suppress staphylococcal colony counts, but the change was not significantly different from that produced
Timing and Tempo of First-Year Rapid Growth in Relation to Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk Profile in Early Adulthood
Authors: Ralph W. J. Leunissen
Journal: JAMA (2009)

Growth during infancy appears to be an important determinant of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes later in life.To specify which period in the first year of life is related to determinants of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in early adulthood and to investigate the association between tempo of first-year weight gain (>0.67 SDs) and these determinants.Observational study using longitudinal data collected in the Programming Factors for Growth and Metabolism (PROGRAM) study of 217 healthy participants, aged 18 to 24 years, including a relatively large sample of participants born small for gestational age and participants with short stature, performed at a medical center in The Netherlands between August 2004 and September 2007. The association of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes with tempo of weight gain was assessed in a subgroup of 87 participants.Associations between periods of first-year growth and tempo of weight gain and determinants of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in early adulthood.Weight gain in the first 3 months of life was inversely associated with insulin sensitivity (beta, -0.223; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.386 to -0.060) and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (beta, -0.053; 95% CI, -0.090 to -0.016) and positively associated with waist circumference (beta, 1.437; 95% CI, 0.066 to 2.808), acute insulin response (beta, 0.210; 95% CI, 0.024 to 0.395), ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (beta, 0.052; 95% CI, 0.010 to 0.094), and level of triglycerides (beta, 0.066; 95% CI, 0.003 to 0.129) in early adulthood. Rapid weight gain during the first 3 months of life resulted in a higher percentage of body fat, more central adiposity, and reduced insulin sensitivity in early adulthood than when slower weight gain occurred during the entire first year.Rapid weight gain in the first 3 months of life is associated with several determinants of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in early adulthood.
Boys are entering puberty earlier, large study shows
Authors: J. H. Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2012)

A study of 4131 boys in the United States and Canada showed that puberty is beginning six months to two years earlier than in previous studies. Researchers from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and other leading medical schools and research institutions published the report online in Pediatrics .1

Recent studies of US girls have indicated that they are entering puberty about a year earlier than 40 years ago, but data on US boys entering puberty are 20 years old.

In the new study boys showed secondary sexual characteristics earlier than in previous …
Preoperative Diagnosis of Orbital Cavernous Hemangioma
Authors: Luca Burroni, Giulia Borsari, Patrizia Pichierri, Ennio Polito, Olga Toscano, Gaia Grassetto, Adil Al-Nahhas, Domenico Rubello, Angelo Giuseppe Vattimo
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2012)

Purpose This study aimed to describe 99mTc-labeled RBC scintigraphy as a diagnostic method for orbital cavernous hemangiomas and to evaluate this diagnostic tool according to surgical outcomes. Methods Fifty-five patients with clinical and radiological (US, CT, and/or MRI) suspicion of unilateral cavernous hemangioma of the orbit underwent 99mTc-RBC SPECT study. Qualitative and semiquantitative evaluations were performed, and results were statistically analyzed. Results SPECT images showed focal uptake in the orbital mass in 36 of 55 patients. Nineteen patients had a negative scintigraphic pattern, with concordance of early and late absence of uptake of 99mTc-RBC. Our procedure showed 100% sensitivity and 88.9% specificity for the diagnosis of orbital cavernous hemangioma, with a positive predictive value of 90.9% and a negative predictive value of 100%. Conclusions 99mTc-RBC imaging is safe, easy to perform, and highly accurate in providing adequate clinical and surgical management. As a noninvasive and highly specific method for diagnosing orbital hemangioma, 99mTc-RBC scintigraphy can avoid more invasive imaging or biopsy.
Syringotropic mycosis fungoides: Clinical and histologic features, response to treatment, and outcome in 19 patients
Authors: Adèle de Masson, Maxime Battistella, Marie-Dominique Vignon-Pennamen, Bénédicte Cavelier-Balloy, Frédéric Mouly, Michel Rybojad, Jean-David Bouaziz, Antoine Petit, Anne Saussine, Sophie Ronceray, François Le Gall, Caroline Ram-Wolff, Philippe Assouly, Olivier Dereure, Pascal Joly, Alexiane Dallot, Alain Dupuy, Céleste Lebbé, Isabelle Moulonguet, Jacqueline Rivet, Anne Janin, Martine Bagot
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2014)
Expression and Prognostic Relevance of Annexin A3 in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Jens Köllermann, Thorsten Schlomm, Holger Bang, Gerhard P. Schwall, Christoph von Eichel-Streiber, Ronald Simon, Martin Schostak, Hartwig Huland, Wigbert Berg, Guido Sauter, Helmut Klocker, André Schrattenholz
Journal: European Urology (2008)