tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TRANSCAPILLARY MIGRATION OF HEAVY WATER AND THIOCYANATE ION IN THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION OF NORMAL SUBJECTS AND PATIENTS WITH CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE 123
Authors: Lawrence S. Lilienfield, Edward D. Freis, Edward A. Partenope, Harold J. Morowitz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1955)

During recent years numerous investigations have been concerned with the rates of transfer or exchange of various substances across capillary beds (1-6).These studies, by analyzing curves of disappearance over several minutes from ar- terial plasma of intravenously injected tracer sub- stances, have provided some information relative to all capillary beds combined.However, this type of experiment has not permitted a close analy- sis of the behavior of a substance during its first passage through a single organ capillary bed.Recently developed techniques (7-9) now per- mit the clinical investigator to examine the phe- nomena of transcapillary exchange of water and other diffusible substances in local vascular areas.This study was undertaken in an attempt to de- termine in vivo the diffusion characteristics of the pulmonary capillary bed in man with regard to deuterium oxide and an electrolyte, thiocyanate ion.Seven normal subjects and seven patients with pulmonary congestion due to heart failure were studied.The resulting data relating to the pul- monary capillaries were then compared to those previously obtained using similar tracer substances in the capillaries of the human forearm (7).
Brain functional magnetic resonance imaging of rectal pain and activation of endogenous inhibitory mechanisms in irritable bowel syndrome patient subgroups and healthy controls
Authors: C H Wilder-Smith
Journal: Gut (2004)

Many patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) show intestinal hypersensitivity to distension and sensitisation after repeated intestinal distensions. Abnormalities in endogenous pain inhibitory mechanisms, such as diffuse noxious inhibitory controls (DNIC), may be implicated and were investigated during brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).fMRI was performed in 10 female patients with IBS (five constipated (IBS-C) and five with diarrhoea (IBS-D)) and 10 female healthy controls during rectal balloon distension alone or during activation of DNIC by painful heterotopic stimulation of the foot with ice water. Rectal pain was scored with and without heterotopic stimulation (0 = none, 10 = maximal).Heterotopic stimulation decreased median rectal pain scores significantly in healthy controls (-1.5 (interquartile range -2 to -1); p = 0.001) but not in IBS-C (-0.7 (-1 to 0.5)), IBS-D (-0.5 (-1.5 to 0.5)), or in all IBS patients (0 (-1.5 to 1.3)). Brain activation changes during heterotopic stimulation differed highly significantly between IBS-C, IBS-D, and controls. The main centres affected were the amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, insula, periaqueductal gray, and prefrontal cortex, which form part of the matrix controlling emotional, autonomic, and descending modulatory responses to pain.IBS-C and IBS-D appear to have differing abnormal endogenous pain inhibitory mechanisms, involving DNIC and other supraspinal modulatory pathways.
Unusual Manifestations of Coarctation of the Aorta
Authors: GEORGE C. GRIFFITH, ROBERT W. OBLATH, JOHN C. JONES
Journal: Circulation (1955)

C OARCTATION of the aorta often is associated with other lesions or defects of the heart or great vessels which may influence the outcome of surgery.Infrequently, the coarctation occurs at an atypical site.Of the 118 cases to be reviewed in this paper, 56, or, roughly, one in two, present unusual findings.The frequency with which complicating conditions are met makes the search for additional pathology mandatory when surgical correction of the coarctation is under consideration. METHOD USED IN SELECTING CASESThe case reports, physical findings, operative reports and postmortem findings of patients with coarctation seen at several Los Angeles hospitals were reviewed carefully.Cases in which only scanty information was available were discarded as unsuitable for the purposes of this study.There were 118 cases where the description of the coarctation and associated pathology was deemed adequate.In 56 instances, the condition was complicated by the presence of one or more additional defects.CLASSIC SYMPTOMS OF COARCTATION Most cases of heart failure in the acyanotic infant under 6 weeks of age are traceable to the infantile type of coarctation or aortic stenosis.The adult type of coarctation, in which the constriction is usually limited to a small segment of the aorta, is seen more
A Simple Mobile Device For Elevation of the Hand
Authors: Richard L. Gardner
Journal: JAMA (1969)

To the Editor:—  The importance of elevation of an extremity after trauma or surgery is well known as an aid in preventing edema and in hastening rehabilitation, especially after surgery of the hand. We have been using a device which has been found to be much more effective and reliable than the older methods of pillow or stockinette elevation. It has the added advantage of mobility, as it can be attached to the standard intravenous pole.  The device is made from six basic materials at a total cost of $1.74.    Regular 10-oz canvas duck is lined with bias tape and fitted with two Velcro fasteners, one to securely enclose the mid-forearm and the other the mid-humeral area. It is then suspended and locked in place by means of webbing and an interlocking buckle.
Martin Ware and the British Medical Journal
Authors: EDWARD HUTH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Editorial Notes1 November 1975Martin Ware and the British Medical JournalEDWARD HUTH, M.D., EditorEDWARD HUTH, M.D., EditorSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-5-731 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe 2nd of August issue of the British Medical Journal brought the news that Dr. Martin Ware has retired from its editorship and is succeeded by Dr. Stephen Lock.Dr. Ware's service for nine and a half years was in a hard time for British enterprises. Inflation, bad enough in the rest of the world, was fierce in Great Britain close to the point of blowing away her economic sails, and it struck all aspects of publishing, whether commercial or scholarly, no less than other British enterprises. Hardly worse were the consequences of innumerable strikes and walkouts. Yet through this... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1975Volume 83, Issue 5Page: 731-731 Issue Published: 1 November 1975 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Sublingual tryptase and ECP in children treated with grass pollen sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT): safety and immunologic implications
Authors: F. Marcucci, L. Sensi, F. Frati, G. E. Senna, G. W. Canonica, S. Parmiani, G. Passalacqua
Journal: Allergy (2001)

Background: The clinical safety of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) has been repeatedly confirmed; nevertheless, the possible onset of local oral symptoms is still a concern, and nothing is known about the pathogenesis of this effect. We aimed to determine whether the administration of SLIT in allergic children can evoke an IgE‐mediated reaction, by measuring the levels of sublingual tryptase and ECP. Methods: Thirty children (7–12 years old) with allergic rhinitis/asthma due to grass pollen were prescribed SLIT. In these children, an allergen‐specific nasal challenge was performed, and nasal tryptase and ECP were measured before and after. Sublingual ECP and tryptase were also assessed before the SLIT, after 1 month, and after 6 months of treatment. Ten matched allergic children and 10 healthy ones served as controls for the baseline levels of sublingual ECP and tryptase. Results: The levels of nasal tryptase and ECP significantly increased after nasal challenge ( P &lt;0.001), whereas no change during the SLIT course (at the beginning, after 1 month, and after 6 months) could be detected in sublingual tryptase either before or after SLIT administration. The sublingual ECP significantly decreased after 6 months of SLIT. The baseline levels of nasal tryptase and ECP were significantly higher in allergic subjects than in healthy controls, as was the level of sublingual ECP. Conclusions: In the presence of an IgE‐mediated reaction (ASNC), a significant increase of tryptase and ECP can be seen. When SLIT is administered, such a phenomenon does not occur; therefore, SLIT does not elicit any IgE reaction in the mouth. It is noteworthy that allergic subjects display higher levels of nasal ECP and tryptase than healthy subjects, even when symptom‐free, and these observations may indicate the presence of subclinical inflammation.
Fixed Drug Eruption and Pseudoephedrine
Authors: Manfred Hauken
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 March 1994Fixed Drug Eruption and PseudoephedrineManfred Hauken, MDManfred Hauken, MDSterling-Winthrop, Inc.; New York, NY 10016Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-5-199403010-00031 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:A suspected adverse drug experience related to a pseudoephedrine-containing product was reported to us and shared some features with the patient described by Cavanah and Ballas [1], who had a pseudoephedrine reaction presenting as the toxic shock syndrome.A 41-year-old man presented with a history of four episodes of an unusual fixed drug eruption after using a pseudoephedrine-containing product over the preceding 19 years. The first two episodes occurred at 22 years of age when he developed intense pruritus of the fingers approximately 12 hours after the ingestion of pseudoephedrine tablets. This symptom was followed by severe ...References1. Cavanah DK, Ballas ZK. Pseudoephedrine reaction presenting as recurrent toxic shock syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119:302-3. Google Scholar2. Thankappen TP, Zachariah J. Drug specific clinical pattern in fixed drug eruptions. Int J Dermatol. 1991; 30:867-70. Google Scholar3. Camisa C. Fixed drug eruption to pseudoephedrine. Cutis. 1988; 41: 339-40. Google Scholar4. Taylor BJ, Duffil MB. Recurrent pseudoscarlatina and allergy to pseudoephedrine hydrochloride. Br J Dermatol. 1988; 118:827-9. Google Scholar5. Andrews GC, Domonkos AN, Arnold HL, Odom RB. Andrew's Diseases of the Skin. Clinical Dermatology. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1982:975. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Sterling-Winthrop, Inc.; New York, NY 10016 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByIn search of an ideal drug for safer treatment of obesity: The false promise of pseudoephedrineNon-pigmenting fixed drug eruption with mixed features of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis induced by pseudoephedrine: a case reportDrug ReactionsApproach to the Patient With Presumed CellulitisNonpigmenting solitary fixed drug eruption caused by a Chinese traditional herbal medicine, ma huang (Ephedra Hebra), mainly containing pseudoephedrine and ephedrinePigmented purpuric dermatosis due to pseudoephedrineNonpigmenting solitary fixed drug eruption caused by pseudoephedrine hydrochlorideHistopathoiogy of dermatitis due to pseudoephedrineStereoisomeric Cutaneous HypersensitivityNonpigmented fixed drug eruption from pseudoephedrinePseudoephedrine 1 March 1994Volume 120, Issue 5Page: 442KeywordsAdverse reactionsConnective tissue diseasesDesquamationDrugsInflammationLymphocytesPruritusSigns and symptomsSkin reactionToxic shock syndrome Issue Published: 1 March 1994 CopyrightCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Women's knowledge of their HIV antibody state: its effect on their decision whether to continue the pregnancy.
Authors: F D Johnstone, R P Brettle, L R MacCallum, J Mok, J F Peutherer, S Burns
Journal: BMJ (1990)

Stevens-Johnson syndrome.An independent assess- ment of a random 25% sample confirmed the reports in over 90% of cases.A survey of the 40 reporting doctors identified "forgot/too busy" (4), unavailability of forms (18), and uncertainty about reporting system (6) as main constraints in reporting.The fee was an incentive for 32.In the six weeks after withdrawal of the fee only 30 reports were received by the registrar.4 Faich GA.
Editor of The Journal of the American Medical Association
Authors: Wm. Watson
Journal: JAMA (1884)

In reading the valuable and interesting compilation of reports of cases of hydronephrosis, and tabulation of operations with results, by Dr. G. A. Staples, as published in the issues of April 12 and 19 of your journal, in the report of the interesting case, No. 49, I find two points upon which the report is inaccurate, and desire the privilege of correcting it. Upon page 422 he says: "The affection had been diagnosed by various physicians of St. Paul, St. Louis and Dubuque as tumor of the spleen, phantom tumor, etc. No therapy advised had been of service. Dr. Staples diagnosed hydronephrosis, but his opinion was not sustained by any other surgeon consulted." Lower on the same page he says: " It is proper to add that the increased flow of urine after a ' spell ' had not been noticed until Dr. Staples called attention to the fact by his inquiries." As
Intracutaneous Serial Dilution End-point Titration
Authors: Lorenz W. Ruddy
Journal: JAMA (1983)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The article entitled "Controversial Practices in Allergy" by Grieco (1982;247:3106) was recently brought to my attention. My comments will be limited to the subject of the author's remarks about Rinkel's intracutaneous serial dilution endpoint titration (SET). Rinkel, in the early 1940s, became interested in Hansel's observation that patients relieved of hay fever symptoms by maximum tolerated doses of pollen extracts could also be relieved by lower "optimal" doses. This was more economical, and the chance of producing alarming systemic reactions was less. Rinkel found that 1:5 dilutions for SET were preferred because they more closely approximated changes in skin sensitivity. Serial dilution end-point titration "enabled one to determine the end-point of reaction. It gave the user a method of making an exacting as well as a specific diagnosis...." Later, Rinkel found that many of his patients in Kansas City obtained relief from certain average doses of inhalants.
Complementarity determining region 1 (CDR1)- and CDR3-analogous regions in CTLA-4 and CD28 determine the binding to B7-1.
Authors: R J Peach, J Bajorath, W Brady, G Leytze, J Greene, J Naemura, P S Linsley
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1994)

T cell surface receptors CD28 and CTLA-4 are homologous members of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF), each comprising a single V-like extracellular domain. CD28 and CTLA-4 bind to the B7-1 and B7-2 counter-receptors on antigen presenting cells (APCs), thereby triggering a costimulatory pathway important for optimal T cell activation in vitro and in vivo. Soluble forms of CD28 and CTLA-4 in which the V-like extracellular domains were fused to Ig constant domains (CD28Ig and CTLA4Ig), have been used to study their interactions with B7-1 and B7-2, with CTLA4Ig binding B7-1 more strongly than CD28Ig (approximately 20-fold higher avidity). We have now, by site-specific and homologue mutagenesis, identified regions in CTLA4Ig important for strong binding to B7-1. A hexapeptide motif (MYPPPY) in the complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3)-like region is fully conserved in all CD28 and CTLA-4 family members. Alanine scanning mutagenesis through the motif in CTLA4Ig and at selected residues in CD28Ig reduced or abolished binding to B7-1. Chimeric molecules HS4, HS4-A, and HS4-B were constructed in which CDR3-like regions of CTLA-4, COOH-terminally extended to include nonconserved residues, were grafted onto CD28Ig. These homologue mutants showed stronger binding to B7-1 than did CD28Ig. Grafting of the CDR1-like region of CTLA-4, which is not conserved in CD28 and is predicted to be spatially adjacent to CDR3, into HS4 and HS4-A, resulted in chimeric molecules (HS7 and HS8) which bound B7-1 even better. Inclusion of the CDR2-like domain of CTLA-4 into HS7 and HS8 did not further increase binding. Thus, the MYPPPY motifs of CTLA4Ig and CD28Ig are important for their binding to B7-1, but the increased strength of this binding by CTLA4Ig is mediated by nonconserved residues in the CDR1- and CDR3-analogous regions.
Induction by Estrogen Metabolite 16 ;-Hydroxyestrone of Genotoxic Damage and Aberrant Proliferation in Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cells
Authors: N. T. Telang, A. Suto, G. Y. Wong, M. P. Osborne, H. L. Bradlow
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1992)

Estrogens are potent mammary tumor promoters influencing post-initiation events via epigenetic mechanisms. The upregulation (i.e., induction) of the C16 alpha-hydroxylation pathway during 17 beta-estradiol (E2) biotransformation has been associated with mammary cell transformation. The action of E2 metabolites on tumorigenic transformation, however, is poorly understood.The newly established mammary epithelial cell line C57/MG, derived from the C57BL mouse strain, was used to examine whether E2 or its metabolites, 16-hydroxyestrone (16 alpha-OHE1) and estriol (E3), function as initiators of mammary cell transformation.DNA repair (hydroxyurea-insensitive thymidine uptake), estrogen metabolism (3H exchange to form 3H2O), hyperproliferation (increased cell number), and acquisition of anchorage-independent growth (soft-agar colonies) were used as quantitative end points to measure the relative extent of transformation.Treatment of cells with 200 ng/mL 16 alpha-OHE1 resulted in a 55.2% increase in DNA repair synthesis, a 23.09% increase in proliferative activity, and a 18-fold increase in the number of soft-agar colonies, relative to the solvent controls (P less than .0001). The extent of upregulation of the three end points was similar to that induced by the genotoxic mammary carcinogen 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA, positive control). DMBA treatment also upregulated the ratio of 16 alpha/C2 hydroxylation of E2 leading to increased formation of 16 alpha-OHE1. E2 and E3 were not effective in upregulating these markers for transformation.These results demonstrate that in nontransformed C57/MG cells, 16 alpha-OHE1 may function as an initiator, perturbing the intermediate biomarkers for preneoplastic transformation.
Geographical distribution of benzene in air in northwestern Italy and personal exposure.
Authors: G Gilli, E Scursatone, R Bono
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1996)

Benzene is a solvent strictly related to some industrial activities and to automotive emissions. After the reduction in lead content of fuel gasoline, and the consequent decrease in octane number, an increase in benzene and other aromatic hydrocarbons in gasoline occurred. Therefore, an increase in the concentration of these chemicals in the air as primary pollutants and as precursors of photochemical smog could occur in the future. The objectives of this study were to describe the benzene air pollution at three sites in northwestern Italy throughout 1991 and 1994; to examine the relationship between benzene air pollution in indoor, outdoor, and personal air as measured by a group of nonsmoking university students; and to determine the influence of environmental tobacco smoke on the level of benzene exposure in indoor air environments. The results indicate a direct relationship between population density and levels of contamination; an indoor/outdoor ratio of benzene air pollution higher than 1 during day and night; a similar level of personal and indoor air contamination; and a direct relationship between levels of personal exposure to benzene and intensity of exposure to tobacco smoke. Human exposure to airborne benzene has been found to depend principally on indoor air contamination not only in the home but also in many other confined environments.
Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome Detected By Newborn Screening for T Cell Receptor Excision Circles (TRECs)
Authors: Jay Patel, Jennifer M. Puck, Kunal Kundu, Uma Sunderam, Christina Brown, Rajgopal Srinivasan, Steven E. Brenner, Richard A. Gatti, Joseph A. Church
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015)
Primary lymphosarcoma of the lung with unusual features.
Authors: A J Veliath, K K Khanna, B S Subhas, M R Ramakrishnan, A L Aurora
Journal: Thorax (1977)

Two unusual cases of primary lymphocytic lymphosarcoma of the lung are presented. The first patient is a 5-year-old girl who showed a massive involvement of the entire right lung by tumour. She was treated by radiotherapy followed by cyclophosphamide and was alive and well one year later. The second patient was an adult man who presented clinically with a tumour of the chest wall. Necropsy revealed an extensive direct spread of pulmonary lymphosarcoma with infiltration of the chest wall but without metastatic dissemination or lymph node involvement. Neither primary lymphocytic lymphosarcoma of the lung in a girl of 5 years nor presentation of such a tumour as a chest wall mass in an adult seems to have been described previously.