tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Cholera by Purgatives
Authors: J. G. Davey
Journal: BMJ (1857)

of the included integuments.and reseparation of the edgles of A the wounid, as exemplifiecd in the, followving case:- CASE.C. D., aged 20, camn-e to onie of the mI1etropolitan hos- pitals, with an incised wound of the left for arm,. of about three inches in lenigth, antd gaping in iuidleng-th about one inch : it was situate over tllhe hea(l of the flexor carpi ulrnaris.It reached to tlhe dleep fascia.Suttures wvera appliecl vith trac- tion ly a young dresser.It struclk me at thew time that strap-
Drugs and the Elderly: Clinical, Social, and Policy Perspectives
Authors: Wayne A. Ray
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Unlike many other texts with both "drugs" and "elderly" in the title, this book does not provide clinical guidelines for care of the older patient. Rather, the authors review and summarize recent research into generic problems related to the prescribing of medications for the elderly: inappropriate prescribing, adverse drug reactions, the adequacy of premarketing testing of drugs frequently taken by older patients, the burden of high medication costs, non-compliance, and available methods to improve the quality of medication prescribing by physicians and medication taking by patients. This review is particularly timely because the recent changes in Medicare coverage include a prescription benefit that, when fully implemented, will shift an appreciable portion of medication costs for the elderly to the public sector and thus focus greater attention on these issues. The book is organized in four parts. The first reviews research that assesses the appropriateness of prescribing by physicians and medication
Cellular abnormalities in chronically denervated myocardium. Implications for the transplanted heart.
Authors: A J Drake-Holland, M I Noble
Journal: Circulation (1989)

Heart transplantation involves chronic effects due to denervation, rejection, and treatment of rejection. The chronically denervated dog heart provides a model for the effects of denervation alone. These hearts have been shown to contain intrinsic neurons with VIP and NPY as possible neurotransmitters. Myocardial tissue noradrenaline concentration falls to very low levels after degeneration of postganglionic sympathetic neurons, but dopamine remains in near-normal concentration and is probably synthesized extraneuronally. ANP is present and released normally; however, the natriuretic response to atrial distension is blunted, suggesting that this response is mainly due to a reflex mechanism. Chronically denervated myocardial tissue exhibits increased oxygen consumption in vitro and increased Na-K, ATPase activity but has normal tissue levels of ATP and creatine phosphate. Glucose oxidation is inhibited in vivo, associated with increased levels of fructose-6-phosphate but normal glucose-6-phosphate, suggesting inhibition of phosphofructokinase activity. However, the enzyme protein concentration of phosphofructokinase, as judged by maximal in vitro activity, is normal. Maximal in vitro activities of succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, monoamine oxidase, calcium-dependent ATPase, and glyceraldehyde-3-dehydrogenase are also normal. From these findings, we would predict that patients with transplanted hearts are likely to show myocardial metabolic inefficiency.
Production of interleukin-1 like activity by neutrophils derived from rat lung.
Authors: Y Kusaka, K Donaldson
Journal: Thorax (1990)

Interleukin-1 like activity was produced by neutrophils obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage from experimentally inflamed rat lung. Activity was released spontaneously from neutrophils at high levels but it was enhanced by stimulation with endotoxin in vitro.
Abstract A40: CTEN prolongs EGFR signaling by reducing ligand-induced EGFR degradation
Authors: Shiao-Ya Hong, Yi-Ping Shih, Tianhong Li, Kermit Carraway, Su Hao Lo
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase engages a vast array of signaling pathways regulating tissue development and homeostasis. The signal is normally induced by ligand binding (such as EGF) that activates the receptors and then the downstream molecules, which mediate cell fate decisions such as proliferation, migration, and differentiation. EGF binding not only turns on the EGFR activity; it also turns on the mechanisms to inactivate EGFR signaling. One way is the activation of c-Cbl, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that binds to tyrosine-phosphorylated EGFR and leads to ubiquitination of EGFR for lysosomal degradation. Dysregulated EGFR signaling either by up-regulation or aberrant activation of the receptor will trigger cellular events that contribute to tumor microenvironments and cancer formation. Focal adhesions connect extracellular matrix to cytoskeletal networks and play critical roles in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and survival. They also crosstalk with growth factor receptors, such as EGFR to elicit a wider range of cellular responses, and may function as biosensors for microenvironments. Cten (C-terminal tensin like) is a focal adhesion molecule known to regulate cell adhesion and migration. Previously, we had shown that cten was up-regulated by EGF and mediated EGF induced cell migration. To further investigate cten's role in EGFR signaling pathway, we examined cten's effect on EGFR protein stability. Cten significantly reduced ligand-induced EGFR degradation through decreasing EGFR ubiquitination. This was accomplished by binding to c-Cbl in a phosphotyrosine-SH2 dependent fashion. A functional SH2 domain of cten was essential for its activities in promoting tumor cell migration, invasion, and colony formation. In addition to cell culture systems, EGFR levels were markedly enhanced in a cten tissue-specific knockin mouse model. By analysis of cten and EGFR expressions in human cancer samples, we found a positive association between cten and EGFR protein levels. Since cten regulates the activated EGFR level and plays roles in tumor migration/invasion, targeting of cten might have a beneficial effect on EGFR targeted therapies. Citation Format: Shiao-Ya Hong, Yi-Ping Shih, Tianhong Li, Kermit Carraway, Su Hao Lo. CTEN prolongs EGFR signaling by reducing ligand-induced EGFR degradation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A40.
Mice with Truncated MeCP2 Recapitulate Many Rett Syndrome Features and Display Hyperacetylation of Histone H3
Authors: Mona D. Shahbazian, Juan I. Young, Lisa A. Yuva-Paylor, Corinne M. Spencer, Barbara A. Antalffy, Jeffrey L. Noebels, Dawna L. Armstrong, Richard Paylor, Huda Y. Zoghbi
Journal: Neuron (2002)
Quinidine-Induced Agranulocytosis
Authors: Eric V. Eisner
Journal: JAMA (1977)

In a 75-year-old man, agranulocytosis and septicemia developed after eight weeks of quinidine sulfate therapy. An IgG antibody requiring the presence of quinidine was shown by complement-dependent leukocytotoxicity and leukoagglutination reactions. The antibody did not cross-react with quinine and was active against WBCs obtained from normal subjects and from the patient himself.
GPs will have to pay for retraining, minister says Doctors need education in multicultural medicine
Authors: D. Carnall, L. Beecham, a. J. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1995)

# GPs will have to pay for retraining, minister says {#article-title-2}

The health minister, Mr Gerald Malone, has told the BMA that costs of remedial training by general practitioners under the General Medical Council's performance review procedures should be borne by the doctors concerned. In a letter to the chairman of the General Medical Services Committee Mr Malone says, “GPs are independent contractors and are responsible for meeting their own practice costs including the cost of maintaining their professional skills and knowledge.” The minister equates the costs of remedial training with continuing medical education and says that reimbursement should follow the normal arrangements, including conferring eligibility for the postgraduate education allowance. He does not think that special arrangements should be made for those …
THE PERMANENT ELIMINATION OF YELLOW FEVER
Authors: J. H. WHITE
Journal: JAMA (1910)

Where the means for combating any disease is made known, it is little less than criminal to let such agencies fall into disuse. The American Commission in Cuba placed the necessary knowledge directly at our disposal in 1900, and we have evolved the correct practice since that time to such extent that we no longer fear epidemic yellow fever, but there still remains a goodly share of the work to be done. Most of us have vaguely considered the question of total eradication—I among the rest— but no practical solution of all points presented itself to me until I recently had a talk with the one man who probably knows more of yellow fever than any other, and his remarks put me on the track of the final solution —to Dr. Carter, of our service, therefore, belongs entirely the credit for most that I shall say. We find this disease
Abstract 5600: Genetic variants associated with reproductive aging and the risk of breast cancer
Authors: Chunyan He, Daniel Chasman, Rikje Ruiter, Jill Dreyfus, Eleonora Porcu, Shih-Jen Hwang, Susan Hankinson, Julie Buring, Lisette Stolk, Nora Franceschini, Serena Sannna, Kathryn Lunetta, Paul Ridker, B Stricker, Ellen Demerath, Laura Crisponi, Joanne Murabito, David Hunter
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Early menarche and later menopause are well-established risk factors for breast cancer. Recent genome-wide association studies have identified several novel loci for these two traits. However, the association between these loci and breast cancer risk remains unknown. In this study, we investigated 19 and 17 newly identified SNPs from ReproGen Consortium that were associated with age at menarche and age at natural menopause, respectively, and assessed their association with breast cancer in 6 population-based studies. We further used these SNPs to calculate genetic risk scores (GRSs) based on their association with each trait. After adjustment for age and potential population stratification, two age-at -menarche associated SNPs (rs1079866 and rs7821178) and one age-at-natural-menopause associated SNP (rs2517388) were associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (p values, 0.003, 0.009 and 0.023, respectively); although overall we did not observe significant association between the GRSs and breast cancer risk, the 4th and 5th highest quintile of the menarche GRS had relative ratios of 1.14 (CI, 1.01 to 1.28) and 1.13 (CI, 1.00 to 1.27), respectively, compared to the lowest quintile; and these associations did not appear to be attenuated by controlling for age at menarche, age at natural menopause, or other conventional risk factors. Our study suggested that three genetic variants, independent of their association with onset of menarche or natural menopause, were associated with breast cancer risk, and a GRS that combines multiple menarche-associated SNPs might be useful for identifying a high risk subgroup for breast cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5600. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5600
The Development of Filaria Nocturna in Different Species of Mosquitos
Authors: G. C. Low
Journal: BMJ (1901)

T=C JOURN has easily informed me that a soft murmur accompanied and followed the clear second sound.It is extraordinary how constantly it is forgotten in practice that the second is a double sound, that it contains a pulmonary as well as an aortic element.To this fact and to the propagation of errors by means of textbooks, as well as to the causes already indicated, I attribute the mistake.
Bile salt shift from albumin to high-density lipoprotein in cholestasis
Authors: Hans-Peter Buscher, Mathias Beger, Hella Sauerbier, Wolfgang Gerok
Journal: Hepatology (1987)

The distribution of [ 3 H]taurocholate between albumin and the lipoproteins of serum of patients with various diseases in which lipoprotein metabolism and/or bile salt concentrations were altered and of healthy control subjects was investigated by means of the density gradient centrifugation method.
Identification of a Cytochrome P450 2C9-Derived Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor in Essential Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Stefano Taddei, Daniele Versari, Alessandro Cipriano, Lorenzo Ghiadoni, Fabio Galetta, Ferdinando Franzoni, Armando Magagna, Agostino Virdis, Antonio Salvetti
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2006)
Plasminogen activators in synovial fluid and plasma from patients with arthritis.
Authors: E J Brommer, G Dooijewaard, B A Dijkmans, F C Breedveld
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1992)

The activity of plasminogen activators and inhibitors in the synovial fluid and plasma of patients with various forms of chronic arthritis was characterised. Tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen (t-PA:Ag), urokinase-type plasminogen activator antigen (u-PA:Ag), the proenzyme single chain u-PA (scu-PA), and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) were measured in the synovial fluid and plasma of 22 patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 13 with seronegative RA, and 23 patients with various forms of arthritis. In all patient groups the levels of t-PA:Ag in synovial fluid were lower and the levels of u-PA:Ag and PAI higher than plasma levels. Synovial fluid u-PA was more activated than plasma u-PA. Comparison of the patient groups showed that the largest differences between fibrinolytic parameters in synovial fluid and plasma were present in patients with seropositive RA followed by patients with seronegative RA and patients with various forms of arthritis. This order paralleled the functional and radiological scores of joint destruction in the patient groups studied. The results of this study indicate that suppression of t-PA production and enhancement of u-PA synthesis and activation in arthritic joints are associated with the clinical severity of arthritis.
Vaccine Policy Likely to Be Reassessed in 1990s When Polio-DTP Combination Becomes Available
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1988)

LIVE, as opposed to killed, virus is still the recommended poliomyelitis vaccine strategy—but probably not for much longer. The National Academy of Sciences— chartered Institute of Medicine, Washington, DC, is recommending that the present policy of immunization against poliomyelitis continue to emphasize the oral polio vaccine. The recommendation goes to the Public Health Service, which commissioned the study (<i>JAMA</i>1988; 259:1608-1609). At the same time, change is in the air. In the near future, circumstances are likely to develop that will make the new inactivated vaccine, which was licensed last November, more attractive. Within the next two to five years, the committee predicted that the new inactivated vaccine will be combined with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine. When it is, the committee recommended considering a regimen that employs two or more doses of this agent as the primary immunogen followed by two doses of the oral vaccine, one at 18 months of age
On Building New Hospitals
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1960)

IT has been a great source of discontent among doctors, and to a less extent among patients, that the hospital-building program in this country has proceeded so slowly, and the frequently uttered statement that no new hospital has been completed since the start of the National Health Service has only just lost its validity.Extensive reconstruction of existing buildings has, however, had a remarkable effect. Together with the enthusiasm of hospital medical staffs, this has ensured throughout the country a much higher and more uniform standard of hospital medical care than previously existed.Continued agitation has been maintained by the . . .
Preoperative Endoscopic Intratumor Application of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Patients with Locally Advanced Resectable Gastric Cancer
Authors: D. Karcz, T. Popiela, A. M. Szczepanik, A. Czupryna, B. Szymanska, M. Siedlar, M. Zembala
Journal: Endoscopy (1994)
Accelerated bone ingrowth by local delivery of strontium from surface functionalized titanium implants
Authors: Ole Z. Andersen, Vincent Offermanns, Michael Sillassen, Klaus P. Almtoft, Inge H. Andersen, Søren Sørensen, Christian S. Jeppesen, David C.E. Kraft, Jørgen Bøttiger, Michael Rasse, Frank Kloss, Morten Foss
Journal: Biomaterials (2013)
Management of an acute painful sickle cell episode in hospital: summary of NICE guidance
Authors: V. L. Gillis, A. Senthinathan, M. Dzingina, K. Chamberlain, E. Banks, M. R. Baker, D. Longson
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Sickle cell disease comprises a group of lifelong, inherited conditions of haemoglobin formation. Although the sickle gene is found in all ethnic groups, most people affected with sickle cell disease are of African or African-Caribbean origin. In the United Kingdom 12 500 to 15 000 people have sickle cell disease,1 and its prevalence is increasing because of immigration into the UK, new births, and diagnostic screening programmes.2 Acute painful sickle cell episodes (vaso-occlusive episodes) occur as a result of changes in the red blood cells that may cause tissue ischaemia and pain. These painful episodes may be triggered by factors or conditions such as dehydration, fever, or hypoxia, but can occur unpredictably, with variable intensity and frequency, and at times the pain can be excruciating. Although most episodes can be successfully managed at home, patients with uncontrolled pain may need to seek hospital care. However, the management of such episodes in hospital is thought to vary throughout the UK, and common problems include unacceptable delays in receiving analgesia, insufficient or excessive doses, inappropriate analgesia, and stigmatising the patient as drug seeking.3 4 This article summarises the most recent recommendations from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) on the management of an acute painful sickle cell episode in hospital.5 NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence and explicit consideration of cost effectiveness. When minimal evidence is available, recommendations are based on the Guideline Development Group's experience and opinion of what constitutes good practice. Evidence levels for the recommendations are given in italic in square brackets. ### Individualised assessment of all patients with sickle cell disease presenting with acute pain
Abnormalities of the Electrocardiogram in Female Carriers of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: A. E. H. Emery
Journal: BMJ (1969)

The algebraic sum of the R and S waves (R-S) in the V(1) lead of the electrocardiogram has been found to be significantly greater in female carriers of X-linked Duchenne muscular dystrophy (but not in women with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy) compared with normal women of comparable age. A similar E.C.G. abnormality is found in affected boys, and possibly certain carriers have a latent cardiomyopathy and may even be predisposed to cardiac failure.
Primary Angioplasty Compared With Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Salim Yusuf
Journal: JAMA (1997)

In this issue ofThe Journal, Weaver and colleagues<sup>1</sup>provide a careful quantitative review of the available data from randomized trials comparing primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) with thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction. This analysis of 10 trials includes 2606 patients and reports a reduction in mortality (odds ratio, 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.46-0.94), in the composite of mortality and reinfarction (odds ratio, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.44-0.76), and in stroke (odds ratio, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.14-0.77) with the use of PTCA. However, before the data from these analyses are considered persuasive enough to conclusively establish the superiority of primary PTCA over thrombolytic therapy, 3 key questions must be addressed. See also p 2093. First, are there potential biases that could have inflated the results of the individual trials or this meta-analysis? Several potential biases both within each trial and in the authors' metaanalysis should
Death rate is lower in high risk heart patients at US teaching hospitals during cardiology conferences
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2014)

High risk patients with heart failure and cardiac arrest who are admitted to major US teaching hospitals during national cardiology meetings, when some of the cardiology staff would be expected to be away, had a lower 30 day mortality rate than comparable patients admitted in the weeks before and after the conferences, a study has found.

“One explanation for these findings is that the intensity of care provided during meeting dates is lower and that for high risk patients with cardiovascular disease, the harms of this care may unexpectedly outweigh the benefits,” the researchers wrote.1

About 13 000 to 16 000 healthcare professionals attend the annual meeting of the American Heart Association, and roughly the same number attend that of the American College of Cardiology.

The study’s lead author was Anupam B Jena, of Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts. Jena and colleagues …
Reactions to Horse Serum
Authors: Wesley Furste
Journal: JAMA (1961)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> The paper by Filler and Ellerbeck (<i>JAMA</i><b>174</b>:1 [Sept. 3] 1960) and the "Letter to the Journal" by Drucker (<i>JAMA</i><b>175</b>:225 [Jan. 21] 1961) emphasize the indications and contraindications for tetanus antitoxin and stress the possible complications associated with the administration of this antitoxin. The unconscious or severely injured patient who is brought to an emergency room presents numerous problems. Such problems include the recognition of coma in the diabetic and the recognition of an allergic history or of previous administration of horse serum antitoxin in the severely injured civilian. Many persons with diabetes mellitus carry a card which states that they are diabetic and that diabetic coma should be considered in the event of their being found unconscious. Guided by such a safety precaution for diabetics, we have been giving a card to our patients who have had horse serum tetanus antitoxin and who
Atypical Monocytes in a Patient With Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: William M. Butler
Journal: JAMA (1982)

ATYPICAL monocytes and Sternberg-Reed cells have been described in leukocyte concentrations of peripheral blood in patients with Hodgkin's disease.<sup>1</sup>The atypical monocytes were either large with irregular nuclei or large with numerous vacuoles. Using similar leukocyte concentration techniques, Hoerni and co-workers<sup>2</sup>demonstrated Sternberg-Reed cells or atypical monocytes during nine of 19 pyrexic episodes in 24 patients with Hodgkin's disease. However, only one of 27 samples collected during periods without pyrexia contained abnormal cells.<sup>2</sup> We have recently seen a patient with periodic fevers of nearly 12 months' duration. Large vacuolated monocytic cells were seen in routine peripheral blood films during episodes of pyrexia. These monocytes closely resembled the atypical monocytes that have been described in leukocyte concentrations of patients with Hodgkin's disease. Our patient was found to have Hodgkin's disease after a lengthy evaluation. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 41-year-old man had a 12-month history of recurrent fevers,