tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Jaundice: Medical or Surgical?
Authors: TELFER B. REYNOLDS
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Editorials1 July 1975Jaundice: Medical or Surgical?TELFER B. REYNOLDS, M.D.TELFER B. REYNOLDS, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-1-114 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptWe are entering a new era in the approach to the question always asked about the patient with puzzling jaundice: is it medical or surgical? In past years the answer has often been sought in laparotomy, in spite of the fact that anesthesia and surgery often are poorly tolerated in patients with hepatocellular disease. Those who favored early surgery for diagnosis pointed to the prolonged period of expensive hospitalization often required to establish a diagnosis with noninvasive methods and to the risk of cholangitis and biliary cirrhosis with untreated bile duct obstruction. Liver biopsy, isotope scanning, hypotonic duodenography, celiac angiography,...References1. OKUDATANIKAWAEMURA KKT: Nonsurgical, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography—diagnostic significance in medical problems of the liver. Am J Dig Dis 19:21-36, 1974 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. REDEKERKARVOUNTZISRICHMAN AGR: Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. An improved technique. JAMA 231:386-387, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. HANAFEEWEINER WM: Transjugular percutaneous cholangiography. Radiology 88:35-39, 1967 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. STRACKNEWMANLERNER PHA: An integrated procedure for the rapid diagnosis of biliary obstruction, portal hypertension and liver disease of uncertain etiology. N Engl J Med 285:1225-1231, 1971 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByPercutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography with the "Skinny" Needle A Rapid, Simple, and Accurate Method in the Diagnosis of CholestasisRAUL PEREIRAS Jr., M.D., ROBERTO O. CHIPRUT, M.D., RICHARD A. GREENWALD, M.D., EUGENE R. SCHIFF, M.D., F.A.C.P. 1 July 1975Volume 83, Issue 1Page: 114-115KeywordsAnesthesiaAngiographyBile ductsBiopsyCirrhosisHospitalizationsLaparotomyLiverSurgery Issue Published: 1 July 1975 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Physicians' Attitudes on Advance Directives
Authors: Kent W. Davidson
Journal: JAMA (1989)

Advance directives provide means for competent individuals to influence treatment decisions in the event of serious illness and subsequent loss of competence, the "living will" being the best known example. Physicians in Arkansas who were identified to be currently engaged in general practice, family medicine, or internal medicine, including its subspecialities (N = 1293), were surveyed to assess attitudes toward and experiences with advance directives. Almost 80% of all respondents expressed a positive attitude and fewer than 2% expressed a negative attitude toward such documents. A majority (55.9%) had actual experience with the instruments in their practices, and 83.5% of these physicians said that their attitude had become more positive as a result of their experience. More frequent employment of advance directives in critical situations was associated with more positive attitudes and experiences. Most of the benefits claimed for advance directives--improved communication and trust, easier and more confident treatment decision, less stress and guilt, and promotion of patient autonomy--were substantiated by the results.Physicians practicing in Arkansas, one of the first states to pass legislation authorizing patients to refuse life-sustaining treatment in advance, were surveyed to determine their attitudes toward advance directives. Questionnaires were sent to 1,293 practitioners in general practice, family practice, and internal medicine and its subspecialties. Among other items, respondents were asked their opinions of the standard arguments for and against advance directives, and the extent of and results of their own experiences with these documents. Almost 80% of the 790 respondents reported a positive attitude toward advance directives, with 1.5% reporting a negative attitude. A majority of physicians responding to the survey had actual experience with advance directives, and over 80% of these doctors reported that their attitude had become more favorable as a result of their experience. Respondents strongly supported arguments for advance directives that concerned patient autonomy.
SERUM-MEDIATED LEUKEMIA CELL DESTRUCTION IN AKR MICE
Authors: Robert L. Kassel, Lloyd J. Old, Elizabeth A. Carswell, Nancy C. Fiore, William D. Hardy
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1973)

AKR mice with spontaneous leukemia were infused with normal serum from a variety of species. Leukemia cell destruction was produced by serum from strains of mice possessing the full spectrum of complement components, but not by serum from strains with a genetically determined deficiency of C5. Serum from guinea pigs, horses, and humans also causes destruction of leukemia cells. The antileukemic factor in normal serum was heat labile (56 degrees C for 35 min) and could be inactivated by cobra venom factor (CVF). Tests of individual complement factors from guinea pig serum and from human serum suggest that C5 is the antileukemic complement component in normal serum. Evidence was obtained that complement also plays a role in the antileukemic effect of interferon and endotoxin.
Transfusion vs Anesthesia-Related Hepatitis
Authors: Amr E. Abouleish
Journal: JAMA (1996)

To the Editor.  —We read the article on safety of the blood supply by Dr Sloand and colleagues1with great interest. As anesthesiologists, we discuss the risks and safety of blood transfusions with a significant number of our patients and we appreciate this informative communication.  The authors state that residual cases of posttransfusion hepatitis are likely due to anesthetics, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus, drugs, and unidentified viruses, and at least two new flavivirus-like agents have been reported in patients with hepatitis of unknown etiology. Unfortunately, in the postsurgical patient who has received a transfusion, the etiology of hepatic dysfunction and hepatitis may be more difficult to identify because of other confounding factors, including preoperative hepatic dysfunction, shock in the perioperative period, sepsis, surgical manipulation, and other drugs.2Although postoperative hepatic dysfunction from potent inhalation anesthetics may occur, it is rare. In fact, the incidence of halothane hepatitis is
Dietary Calcium and Blood Pressure
Authors: P. Scott Allender
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1997)

Letters15 March 1997Dietary Calcium and Blood PressureP. Scott Allender, MD, Jeffrey A. Cutler, MD, MPH, and Dean Follmann, PhDP. Scott Allender, MDNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892Search for more papers by this author, Jeffrey A. Cutler, MD, MPHNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892Search for more papers by this author, and Dean Follmann, PhDNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-126-6-199703150-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:Dr. Cher points out some inconsistencies between two independently performed meta-analyses [1, 2] on the same research question. A comparison of the two papers shows that Bucher and colleagues identified several studies that we did not. After reviewing several of these studies, we concluded that our MEDLINE search could have been improved by including additional generic terms for dietary factors. However, it was disturbing to discover that Bucher and associates included the study by Singh and colleagues [3], a randomized trial of the effect of guava fruit intake on blood pressure in 145 patients with essential hypertension. Singh ...References1. Allender PS, Cutler JA, Follmann D, Cappuccio FP, Pryer J, Elliott P. Dietary calcium and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Ann Intern Med. 1996; 124:825-31. Google Scholar2. Bucher HC, Cook RJ, Guyatt GH, Lang JD, Cook DJ, Hatala R, et al. Effects of dietary calcium supplementation on blood pressure. JAMA. 1996; 275:1016-22. Google Scholar3. Singh RB, Rastogi SS, Singh NK, Ghosh S, Gupta S, Niaz MA. Can guava fruit intake decrease blood pressure and blood lipids? J Hum Hypertens. 1993; 7:33-8. Google Scholar4. Tanji JL, Lew EY, Wong GY, Treguboff C, Ward JA, Amsterdam EA, et al. Dietary calcium supplementation as a treatment for mild hypertension. J Am Board Fam Pract. 1991; 4:145-50. Google Scholar5. Cappuccio FP, Elliott P, Allender PS, Pryer J, Follmann DA, Cutler JA. Epidemiologic association between dietary calcium intake and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of published data. Am J Epidemiol. 1995; 142:935-45. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 March 1997Volume 126, Issue 6Page: 492-493KeywordsBlood pressureCalciumClinical trialsHypertensionObservational studiesPotassiumPrevention, policy, and public healthRandomized trialsRegression analysisSystolic pressure Issue Published: 15 March 1997 CopyrightCopyright © 1997 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
IFCT-0401 Trial: A Phase II Study of Gefitinib Administered as First-Line Treatment in Advanced Adenocarcinoma with Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma Subtype
Authors: Jacques Cadranel, Elisabeth Quoix, Laurence Baudrin, Pierre Mourlanette, Denis Moro-Sibilot, Jean-François Morere, Pierre-Jean Souquet, Jean-Charles Soria, Franck Morin, Bernard Milleron
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
AMDD: Antimicrobial Drug Database
Authors: Mohd Danishuddin, Lalima Kaushal, Mohd Hassan Baig, Asad U. Khan
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2012)

Abstract Drug resistance is one of the major concerns for antimicrobial chemotherapy against any particular target. Knowledge of the primary structure of antimicrobial agents and their activities is essential for rational drug design. Thus, we developed a comprehensive database, anti microbial drug database (AMDD), of known synthetic antibacterial and antifungal compounds that were extracted from the available literature and other chemical databases, e.g., PubChem, PubChem BioAssay and ZINC, etc. The current version of AMDD contains ∼2900 antibacterial and ∼1200 antifungal compounds. The molecules are annotated with properties such as description, target, format, bioassay, molecular weight, hydrogen bond donor, hydrogen bond acceptor and rotatable bond. The availability of these antimicrobial agents on common platform not only provides useful information but also facilitate the virtual screening process, thus saving time and overcoming difficulties in selecting specific type of inhibitors for the specific targets. AMDD may provide a more effective and efficient way of accessing antimicrobial compounds based on their properties along with the links to their structure and bioassay. All the compounds are freely available at the advanced web-based search interface http://www.amddatabase.info.
Early Breast Cancer: Its History and Results of Treatment
Authors: Walter G. Gunn
Journal: JAMA (1977)

The past few years have seen a rather remarkable questioning of longaccepted forms of management of early breast cancer. New types of diagnosis, eg, mammography, have not been without problems despite a significant improvement in early detection. New types of treatment include less extensive surgery and the postoperative use of chemotherapeutic drug combinations to prevent or delay the onset of recurrences or metastases. These new approaches are not free of controversy. Traditionalist surgeons decry the passing of the radical mastectomy, while admitting the lessened morbidity of simpler procedures. Editorial hallelujahs from organs as respected as the<i>New England Journal of Medicine</i>hailed the chemotherapeutic prophylaxis as a "breakthrough," though longer follow-up suggests lessened overall benefit than initially heralded. Meanwhile, arguments continue, and the early treatment of breast cancer remains controversial. Now comes an important new work that begins with a historical perspective on early breast cancer treatment and then guides
Whey hydrolysate compared with cow's milk‐based formula for weaning at about 6 months of age in high allergy‐risk infants: effects on atopic disease and sensitization
Authors: H. Odelrarn, T. Vanto, L. Jacobsen, N.I M. Kjellman
Journal: Allergy (1996)

Ninety-one high atopy-risk infants were prospectively followed up to 18 months of age with regard to the development of allergic/atopic manifestations and sensitization. They were randomized into one of two feeding groups, i.e., a hydrolyzed, ultrafiltered cow's milk whey formula, Profylac (n = 32), or an ordinary cow's milk formula (n = 39), for 12 months, started after exclusive breast-feeding for 0-9 (median 6.0) months. Lactating mothers avoided milk, egg, and fish, as did the infants up to 12 months of age. Twenty of the 91 infants were breast-fed exclusively for more than 9 months and regarded as a control group. All infants were followed-up by questionnaires, physical examinations, skin prick tests, and determination of serum total IgE and cow' milk-specific IgE. The frequency of allergic/atopic disease was similar in the three groups. However, all three infants who developed cow's milk allergy with skin symptoms belonged to the cow's milk formula group. The skin prick test with whey hydrolysate was negative in all, while with cow's milk it was positive in eight infants. Growth was similar in the three groups. The study comprises too few infants to allow us to make statistically based statements. However, the difficulties encountered and the limited effects obtained by the use of whey hydrolysate at weaning at about 6 months of age made us conclude that we can spare high atopy-risk families this extra burden.
Bronchobiliary Fistula Detected With Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy
Authors: Fatma Berk, Funda Corapcioglu, Hakan Demir, G??r Akansel, B Haluk Guvenc
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2006)

Bile leakage into the thoracic cavity is a rare complication of invasive cancer. A 12-year-old boy was diagnosed with undifferentiated sarcoma of the right lobe of the liver invading the diaphragm. An extended right hepatectomy and total resection of the mass was performed, leaving a patchy tumoral invasion at the anterior diaphragmatic surface. Surgery was followed with a combined chemotherapy regimen. In the sixth postoperative month, he was readmitted with bilious expectoration. Tc-99m mebrofenin hepatobiliary scintigraphy revealed radiotracer accumulation in the right hemithorax. Bile leakage into the right thoracic cavity was diagnosed based on the hepatobiliary scintigraphic findings. For this patient; hepatobiliary scintigraphy, which is routinely used to visualize the liver and biliary tree, provided a noninvasive mean for the precise diagnosis of a bronchobiliary fistula. The fistula was then confirmed and corrected with surgery. The patient recovered uneventfully.
THE HEART IN ARTHRITIS DEFORMANS
Authors: ERNST P. BOAS
Journal: JAMA (1924)

The association of acute articular rheumatism or acute rheumatic fever with cardiac lesions is too well known to warrant comment. That organic cardiac defects are frequently found in patients with chronic multiple arthritis is not so generally recognized. Indeed, Bouillaud, who was the first to emphasize the importance of acute articular rheumatism in the etiology of heart disease (1836), taught that the heart was not involved in subacute or chronic arthritis. Todd,<sup>1</sup>in 1843, was probably the first to describe a case of arthritis deformans with associated cardiac lesions, and, three years later, Romberg<sup>2</sup>recorded a similar case. Charcot<sup>3</sup>confirmed these observations and wrote: "Cardiac lesions are found pretty frequently in nodular rheumatism. There has generally been in these cases at a former period an attack of acute rheumatism; but I have collected a considerable number of cases in which endocarditis has developed in chronic rheumatics without
Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer — 30 Years Later
Authors: Mark N. Levine, Timothy Whelan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

In 1976, Bonadonna and his colleagues published the results of their landmark trial of adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.1 They showed that 12 months of postoperative chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) decreased the risk of recurrence of breast cancer in women with positive axillary lymph nodes. Since then, many trials have been undertaken to answer important questions about adjuvant chemotherapy: What is the optimal number of drugs? What are the most advantageous doses of the agents used for adjuvant chemotherapy? How long should they be administered? Does the inclusion of an anthracycline improve the outcome? In many . . .
The relationship between left ventricular systolic function and congestive heart failure diagnosed by clinical criteria.
Authors: P R Marantz, J N Tobin, S Wassertheil-Smoller, R M Steingart, J P Wexler, N Budner, L Lense, J Wachspress
Journal: Circulation (1988)

There is no uniformly accepted clinical definition for congestive heart failure (CHF), although criteria have been published by various groups. There is also no reference standard for CHF, although left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) gives a quantitative assessment of systolic function and is useful in predicting prognosis. To determine the relationship between LVEF and clinically diagnosed CHF, we compared resting LVEF determined by radionuclide ventriculography with diagnosis of CHF by clinical criteria in 407 patients, based on clinical data collected by a cardiology fellow. Of 153 patients with a low LVEF (less than or equal to 0.40), 30 (20%) met none of the criteria for CHF. Conversely, of 204 patients with normal LVEF (greater than or equal to 0.50), 105 (51%) met at least one of the criteria. We conclude that different criteria for CHF will have varying utility depending on the population being examined, and that a combination of clinical features and an objective measure of cardiac performance is needed to diagnose CHF.
Regulation of rat organic anion transporters in bile salt-induced cholestatic hepatitis: Effect of ursodeoxycholate
Authors: Daniel Rost, Thomas Herrmann, Peter Sauer, Hans-Ludwig Schmidts, Bruno Stieger, Peter J. Meier, Wolfgang Stremmel, Adolf Stiehl
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

Hepatic uptake of organic anions, including bile salts, is mediated by members of the organic anion–transporting polypeptide (Oatp) family. In rat liver, Oatp1 (Slc21a1), Oatp2 (Slc21a5), and Oatp4 (Slca10) are expressed at the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes and may be differentially regulated under pathophysiologic conditions such as cholestasis. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of cholic acid (CA) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on the expression of Oatp4 compared with Ntcp, Oatp1, and Oatp2. Wistar rats were fed with CA (0.5%) or both CA (0.5%) and UDCA (0.25%) for 3 weeks. Oatp expression was studied by Northern and Western blot analysis as well as immunofluorescence analysis. Transport function was compared measuring biliary secretion of 14 C–CA and 14 C–taurocholic acid (TCA). In CA–fed animals, biliary secretion of 14 C–CA and 14 C–TCA was markedly delayed over 40 minutes compared with controls. Accordingly, Oatp4 protein was significantly down–regulated in CA–fed animals together with Oatp1 and Ntcp. Cofeeding of CA plus UDCA prevented the impairment of 14 C–CA and 14 C–TCA secretion and the down–regulation of Oatp4. Oatp4 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels did not differ significantly between bile salt–fed groups, suggesting a posttranscriptional effect of CA on Oatp4 expression. In contrast to Oatp1 and Oatp4, Oatp2 protein expression was increased by CA feeding, indicating a differential regulation of Oatp transporters. In conclusion, we show that CA feeding may cause cholestasis associated with a posttranscriptional down–regulation of Oatp4. UDCA may prevent impairment of hepatic function by restoring hepatic transporter expression.
Effects of Fasting and Feeding on Protein Synthesis by the Rat Pancreas
Authors: J. A. Morisset, P. D. Webster
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1972)

These experiments were designed to determine whether fasting and feeding were associated with differing rates of protein synthesis in the rat pancreas. It has been established that feeding, acetylcholine, or cholecystokinin-pancreozymin administration was associated with enhanced rates of digestive enzyme secretion; however, the literature is unclear as to effects of such stimulation on enzyme synthesis. Rats fed ad lib. or fasted 24, 48, or 72 hr were used for this study. Pancreases were removed and incubated in tissue culture medium with l-phenylalanine-(14)C, and incorporation into TCA-insoluble material as well as purified amylase was measured. Compared with fed controls, fasting 24, 48, and 72 hr was associated with 29%, 39%, and 35% decreases in incorporation of l-phenylalanine-(14)C into protein. Decreases of similar magnitudes were apparent whether the data were expressed in terms of protein or DNA. Pancreatic amylase isolated from rats fasted 48 hr contained 57% fewer counts of l-phenylalanine-(14)C than amylase isolated from fed rats. Moreover, rats fasted for 24 hr and given bethanechol chloride incorporated greater amounts of l-phenylalanine-(14)C into protein than fasted controls. Studies were performed to exclude changes in pool size of precursor (l-phenylalanine-(14)C) or product (amylase) in accounting for decreases associated with fasting. These studies demonstrate that fasting was associated with decreased rates of pancreatic amylase and protein synthesis in rats.