tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Early Return to Work After Uncomplicated Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Charles Dennis
Journal: JAMA (1988)

To determine if an occupational work evaluation could shorten the time to return to work, 201 employed men aged 49 ±7 years who were recovering from uncomplicated myocardial infarction were randomized to usual care (n = 102) or to an occupational work evaluation (n = 99). The occupational work evaluation consisted of a symptom-limited treadmill test performed 23 ±3 days after myocardial infarction and a formal recommendation to the patient and primary physician that the patient return to work within the next two weeks. The groups did not differ in age, medical status, comorbid disease, occupation type, or years on the job. At six months, 92% of patients receiving the intervention and 88% of patients receiving usual care were working either full- or part-time. Return to fulltime work occurred at a median of 51 days in patients receiving the intervention and 75 days in patients receiving usual care. This 32% reduction in the convalescence period was associated with $2102 of additional earned salary per intervention patient in the six months after myocardial infarction. One or more recurrent cardiac events occurred in 14 intervention patients (one death, one nonfatal myocardial infarction, three angioplasties, and nine coronary surgeries) and in 13 usual-care patients (two deaths, three nonfatal myocardial infarctions, six angioplasties, and seven coronary surgeries) in the six months after myocardial infarction. The early return to work of low-risk patients based on an occupational work evaluation is associated with important economic benefits. (<i>JAMA</i>1988;260:214-220)
Cardiac valve orifice equation independent of valvular flow intervals: application to mitral valve area computation in mitral stenosis and comparison with the Gorlin formula and direct anatomical measurements
Authors: W SEITZ, P MARINO, L ZANOLLA, C BUONANNO, M McILROY, M SPIEL
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1984)

An orifice equation is developed which relates the effective mitral valve area (A), the average mitral valve pressure gradient (dP), the cardiac output (Q̇) and the heart frequency (f) through considerations of momentum conservation across the mitral valve. The form of the new equation is A=(4.75 × 10−5)Q̇f/dP, where A, Q̇, and dP are expressed in cm2, ml·min−1 and mmHg respectively. Mitral valve areas computed with the new orifice formula are found to correlate with those computed by the Gorlin formula in conditions of equilibrium associated with the resting state at a level of r=0.95, SE=0.15 cm2, with autopsy measurements at a level of r=0.85, SE=0.18 cm2 and with direct anatomical measurements of excised valves at a level of r=0.78, SE=0.41 cm2. The results suggest that the new formula may be considered as an independent orifice equation enjoying a similar domain of validity as the Gorlin formula. The new equation offers the possibility of deriving additional useful haemodynamic relationships when used in combination with established cardiological formulas.
Long-term outcomes in the treatment of toenail onychomycosis
Authors: None De Cuyper, None B.hindryckx
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Most clinical studies in subjects with toenail onychomycosis end with a final assessment at 48–52 weeks. This fails to take full account of the physiology of toenail growth, as toenails can take up to 12–18 months to grow out fully. Accurate assessment of long-term outcomes therefore requires follow-up of at least 2 years after completion of the study. We have evaluated long-term outcomes of treatment in the patients whom we contributed to two multicentre studies of oral therapy for toenail onychomycosis caused by dermatophyte infection. In the first, a dose-finding study for terbinafine (Lamisil®), the high rates of mycological and clinical cure achieved by terbinafine at week 48 were maintained more than 2 years after completion of the study. In the second, a comparative study between terbinafine and itraconazole (Sporanox®), the excellent mycological and clinical cure rates achieved by terbinafine at week 48 were again maintained more than 2 years after completion of the study. By contrast, the failure and relapse rates seen with itraconazole were much higher. Other studies undertaken in recent years have confirmed these positive findings with respect to terbinafine, and have demonstrated its superiority over itraconazole in maintaining mycological and clinical cure over long periods. These long-term benefits of terbinafine probably relate to its primarily fungicidal action against dermatophytes, compared to the fungistatic action of itraconazole and other triazole agents. Future clinical studies should therefore incorporate at least 2 years' follow-up.
Functional significance of collaterals during ameroid-induced coronary stenosis in conscious dogs. Interrelationships among regional shortening, regional flow and grade of coronary stenosis.
Authors: H Tomoike, T Inou, K Watanabe, M Mizukami, Y Kikuchi, M Nakamura
Journal: Circulation (1983)

We studied the relationships among collateral flow, regional myocardial shortening and the grade of coronary stenosis during ameroid-induced chronic coronary constriction in 22 conscious dogs. A radiolucent ameroid, a Doppler flow probe and a cuff occluder were placed on the left circumflex coronary artery (LCx). Regional myocardial shortening and regional myocardial blood flow were assessed simultaneously using ultrasonic dimension gauges and the tracer microsphere technique, respectively, during temporary occlusion of the LCx. Regional hypokinesia and ischemia were attenuated as a function of time during progressive coronary stenosis. Fifty percent recovery and full recovery of regional shortening during occlusion were observed 19 +/- 3 and 25 +/- 4 days after instrumentation, respectively, when the endocardial blood flow recovered from 0.42 +/- 0.07 ml/min/g at 7 days to 0.56 +/- 0.07 and 0.80 +/- 0.05 ml/min/g, respectively. Greater than 75% coronary stenosis coincided with collateral development, as estimated from regional shortening rate and the appearance of angiographically opacified collaterals. Our study confirms that the development of collateral vessels reduces regional ischemia and hypokinesia induced during abrupt coronary occlusion in a canine model.
Effects of oral disopyramide phosphate on induction of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.
Authors: S Swiryn, R A Bauernfeind, C R Wyndham, R C Dhingra, E Palileo, B Strasberg, K M Rosen
Journal: Circulation (1981)

The effects of oral disopyramide phosphate on laboratory induction of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) were studied in 16 patients with clinical PSVT. After control electrophysiologic study to determine the inducibility and mechanism of PSVT, patients were given 200-300 mg (275 +/- 45 mg, mean +/- SD) of disopyramide for three to five doses over 24 hours and were then restudied. All patients had inducible, sustained PSVT during the control study. After disopyramide, PSVT was noninducible in eight patients (50%), including six of nine with atrioventricular nodal reentrance and two of seven with atrioventricular reentrance; inducible but nonsustained in two (12.5%) (both with atrioventricular reentrance); and inducible and sustained in six (37.5%). The benefit of disopyramide seemed predominantly to reflect depression of conduction in the retrograde limb of the circus movements, although effects upon the antegrade limb were also observed. In the eight patients with inducible PSVT before and after disopyramide, tachycardia cycle length increased from 348 +/- 33 to 404 +/- 29 msec (mean +/- SEM) (p less than 0.001). These results suggest that disopyramide would be effective in preventing recurrence of clinical PSVT in selected patients.
Book: Kerala's Demographic Transition: Determinants and Consequences
Authors: J. A Black
Journal: BMJ (1999)

K C Zachariah, S Irudaya Rajan Sage Publications, £29.99, pp 367 ISBN 0 8039 9392 7 Rating:![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img>![Graphic][3]</img> The achievement of demographic transition—with fertility at replacement level—by the south Indian state of Kerala, despite it being one of the poorest states in the country, has overturned the previous assumption that demographic transition could occur only in wealthy communities. This book covers the subject of Kerala's success in four sections:demographic transition, determinants of demographic change, consequences of demographic change, and migration. Two questions arise from Kerala's experience: first, can the state's policies be applied to other parts of India, and, second, can they be transplanted to other low income communities, notably in sub-Saharan Africa? The first question is answered in the affirmative, although the discussion is not as full as I would have … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif
Definition of refugee is inadequate for current patterns of migration in armed conflicts, report says
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2011)

The recent Libyan crisis has highlighted failings in international systems for protecting internally displaced persons and has called into question the relevance to modern humanitarian crises of the definition of refugee, a new report concludes.

The report, by the Centre on Global Health Security at the Royal Institute of International Affairs (Chatham House) in London, says that in the case of Libya “at least five categories of migration” can be distinguished: evacuating migrant workers; Libyan nationals moving into Egypt and Tunisia; “boat people” arriving in the European Union; internally displaced people; and asylum seekers and refugees.

Although people …
Social Disengagement and Incident Cognitive Decline in Community-Dwelling Elderly Persons
Authors: Shari S. Bassuk, Thomas A. Glass, Lisa F. Berkman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Background: Social engagement, which is defined as the maintenance of many social connections and a high level of participation in social activities, has been thought to prevent cognitive decline in elderly persons. However, few longitudinal studies of this relation have been done. Objective: To determine the relation between social disengagement and incident cognitive decline in community-dwelling elderly persons. Design: Cohort study. Setting: New Haven, Connecticut. Participants: 2812 noninstitutionalized elderly persons (65 years of age or older) who were interviewed in their homes in 1982, 1985, 1988, and1994. Measurements: A global social disengagement scale was constructed from the following indicators: presence of a spouse, monthly visual contact with three or more relatives or friends, yearly nonvisual contact with 10 or more relatives or friends, attendance at religious services, group membership, and regular social activities. Cognitive function was assessed with the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire. Response to the questionnaire was scored as high, medium, or low. Cognitive decline was defined as a transition to a lower category. Results: Compared with persons who had five or six social ties, those who had no social ties were at increased risk for incident cognitive decline after adjustment for age, initial cognitive performance, sex, ethnicity, education, income, housing type, physical disability, cardiovascular profile, sensory impairment, symptoms of depression, smoking, alcohol use, and level of physical activity. The 3-year odds ratio was 2.24 (95% CI, 1.40 to 3.58; P < 0.001), the 6-year odds ratio was 1.91 (CI, 1.14 to3.18; P = 0.01), and the 12-year odds ratio was2.37 (CI, 1.07 to 4.88; P = 0.03). Conclusion: Social disengagement is a risk factor for cognitive impairment among elderly persons.
Reply to C.A. Hudis et al
Authors: Dawn L. Hershman, Jason D. Wright, Alfred I. Neugut
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

TO THE EDITOR: We are grateful to Hudis et al for the opportunity to clarify both the limitations and uses of observational data in the assessment of clinical questions. With regard to the benefits of dosedense chemotherapy for elderly patients with hormone-positive breast cancer, we agree that there are subsets of older patients who are hormone positive who benefit from the addition of chemotherapy to hormone therapy, and likely a subset of those who benefit from more intensive therapy and dose-dense therapy. Current studies of personalized approaches will help inform the former, but not necessarily the latter. Unfortunately, however, in the absence of clear indications for treatment, it is common to err on the side of treating many for the benefit of the few. Our paper’s intent was to look at patterns of care and dissemination of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, not the benefit of chemotherapy or a particular therapy. When results from clinical trials are presented they are often applied to patients who do not fit the strict eligibility criteria that is required for trial participants. We found the uptake of first-cycle colony-stimulating factor was rapid in many settings, and we describe the estimated costs associated with rapid uptake. Observational data cannot substitute for randomized trials in establishing the efficacy of an intervention. But randomized trials are limited to carefully defined subject eligibility and self-selection. It is impractical and unnecessary for a randomized trial to be conducted for every treatment in every subgroup setting. However, in addition to being hypothesis generating, observational data can effectively explore how interventions are utilized in “the real world,” can provide clues and insights into how quality of care can be improved and can help explore how the costs of cancer care can be reduce. Many of the limitations of the operationalized definitions mentioned by the authors were addressed in the Discussion section of the paper. We feel it is important to weigh the costs and benefits of making difficult therapeutic decisions when the efficacy data is ambiguous, especially when treating patients that may not be well represented by the clinical trial data.
Endothelial dysfunction early after heart transplantation. Assessment with intravascular ultrasound and Doppler.
Authors: R M Mills, J M Billett, W W Nichols
Journal: Circulation (1992)

BACKGROUND Allograft vasculopathy after heart transplantation is thought to represent a response to endothelial injury in the graft vessels. To assess endothelial function before the onset of anatomic disease, coronary vasomotor responses to adenosine, acetylcholine, and nitroglycerin were evaluated in transplant recipients by intravascular ultrasound imaging and Doppler flow studies. METHODS AND RESULTS Nine patients were studied 1 year after heart transplantation. Acetylcholine provoked significant vasoconstriction to 82% of maximal coronary diameter but was associated with an increase in mean coronary blood flow from 63.1 to 204 ml/min. Coronary blood flow increased fivefold in response to adenosine, a normal response. CONCLUSIONS The vasomotor response to acetylcholine at 1 year after heart transplantation is consistent with endothelial dysfunction in the epicardial conduit vessels. Microvascular function as judged by coronary flow reserve appears to be normal.
Structural insights into inhibition of the bivalent menin-MLL interaction by small molecules in leukemia
Authors: Aibin Shi, Marcelo J. Murai, Shihan He, George Lund, Thomas Hartley, Trupta Purohit, Gireesh Reddy, Maksymilian Chruszcz, Jolanta Grembecka, Tomasz Cierpicki
Journal: Blood (2012)
Tolerogenic pDCs: spotlight on Foxo3
Authors: Vincenzo Bronte
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2011)

Cancer creates a peculiar inflammatory environment enriched for transcription factors with a negative influence on adaptive immunity. In this issue of the JCI, Watkins and colleagues identify Foxo3 as a master regulator of the tolerogenic program in tumor-associated, plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). Foxo3 enables pDCs to induce tolerance in tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, turning them into regulatory lymphocytes capable of inhibiting nearby CD8+ T lymphocytes. Provision of tumor-specific CD4+ T helper cells interrupts this circuit by inhibiting Foxo3 expression and fully licensing the antigen-presenting ability of pDCs. These data identify a new target for therapeutic intervention and provide insight into the transcription factor interplay in myeloid cells recruited to the cancer microenvironment.
Reviews and Notes: Brown-Sequard: A Visionary of Science
Authors: James F. Toole
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Literature of Medicine1 February 1994Reviews and Notes: Brown-Sequard: A Visionary of ScienceJames F. TooleJames F. TooleBowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1068Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-120-3-199402010-00030 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Brown-Sequard: A Visionary of ScienceMichael J. Aminoff. 201 pages. New York: Raven Press; 1993. $68.00.Michael Aminoff, a neurologist and member of the American Neurological Association, gives us a well-written description of the life and accomplishments of a restless, creative intellectual who lived during the exciting era of medicine when the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system was on the cutting edge of medical science. Because of his many contributions to pathology and pathophysiology, Brown-Sequard is immortalized in the pantheon of neuroanatomists who have lent their names to the syndromes resulting from discretely located lesions in the central ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1068 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 1994Volume 120, Issue 3Page: 253KeywordsCentral nervous systemElderlyHistory of medicineLesionsNervous systemNeurologyNeurophysiologySpinal cordThyroid ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 February 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Head of GSK in China is replaced as details of fraud scandal emerge
Authors: J. Parry
Journal: BMJ (2013)

GlaxoSmithKline has replaced the head of its China operations, Mark Reilly, who left the country before four senior executives were detained as part of a criminal investigation into alleged corruption.

Herve Gisserot, the company’s vice president for Europe, will now take the helm in China. The travel ban on GSK’s finance director, Steve Nechelput, has also been lifted.

Abbas Hussain, GSK’s president for Europe, Japan, emerging markets, and Asia Pacific, met with officials from China’s Ministry of Public Security. In a subsequent statement on 22 July, Hussain reiterated GSK’s commitment to rooting out corrupt behaviour by its employees.

“We will actively look at our business …
Restrictive pulmonary disease due to interlobular septal fibrosis associated with disseminated infection by Strongyloides stercoralis.
Authors: A L Lin, N Kessimian, J O Benditt
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

Strongyloidiasis is caused by the nematode Strongyloides stercoralis. The parasite has a unique life cycle that enables it to cause a hyperinfection syndrome in which pulmonary involvement is characteristic. We describe the case of a 68-yr-old Hispanic male from Puerto Rico with disseminated strongyloidiasis who developed intense granulomatous reaction in the lung associated with interlobular septal fibrosis. Granulomatous lung disease leading to fibrosis within the lung has been well demonstrated in schistosomiasis, another parasitic disease. This case represents the first report, as far as we are aware, of fibrosis within the lung and restrictive pulmonary disease in association with Strongyloides stercoralis.
Publicity and the pill
Authors: M. S. Emerson
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Several letters from British physicians addressed to the British Medical Journal are printed complaining about the 1969 announcement of Englands Committee on Safety of Drugs that high estrogen content in oral contraceptives causes a high  risk of thromboembolism.  The physicians were concerned that they were not informed before mass publication and broadcast of the announcement and did not have the opportunity to examine the clinical evidence themselves in order to draw their own conclusions.  It is contended that the announcement had a seriously detrimental effect on the thousands of women taking oral contraceptives in England who were frightened by the warning and felt their physicians had not treated them properly.
Abstract 4404: Multicellular tumor spheroid models to evaluate drugs targeting cell cycle checkpoints in 3D.
Authors: Bernard Ducommun, Valérie Lobjois, Jennifer Laurent, Céline Frongia, Odile Mondesert, Martine Cazales
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract MultiCellular Tumor Spheroid (MCTS) mimic the organization of a tumor and is considered as an invaluable model to study cancer cell biology and to evaluate new antiproliferative drugs. We report how the characteristics of MCTS in association with new technological developments can be used to explore the regionalization, the dynamics of cell cycle checkpoints and the effects of anticancer drugs in 3D. Spheroids expressing fluorescent reporters were engineered and used to explore cell cycle distribution and regionalization during growth. In these models we monitored cell cycle arrest in response to checkpoint activation after growth factor starvation, DNA injury or treatment with chemotherapeutic agents. The kinetics and regionalized aspects of the response were investigated both on fixed sections and on live spheroids using light sheet microscopy. All together, our data demonstrate the power of the combination of spheroids made of genetically modified cells expressing cell cycle reporters with both classical antibody-based detection and the use of innovative 3D imaging strategy. This study paves the way for the investigation of the molecular aspects of checkpoint response in 3D models and the dynamic studies of the 3D response to novel antiproliferative agents. Citation Format: Bernard Ducommun, Valérie Lobjois, Jennifer Laurent, Céline Frongia, Odile Mondesert, Martine Cazales. Multicellular tumor spheroid models to evaluate drugs targeting cell cycle checkpoints in 3D. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4404. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4404
Causes of chemoreduction failure in retinoblastoma and analysis of associated factors leading to eventual treatment with external beam radiotherapy and enucleation
Authors: Kaan Gündüz, İlhan Günalp, Nilüfer Yalçındağ, Emel Ünal, Nurdan Taçyıldız, Esra Erden, Pınar Özdemir Geyik
Journal: Ophthalmology (2004)
Homoeopathy multinational Boiron threatens amateur Italian blogger
Authors: F. Turone
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A letter sent by the Italian arm of multinational company Boiron, threatening to sue an amateur blogger over remarks he made about homoeopathy, has sparked a strong internet reaction in defence of freedom of speech.

Samuele Riva posted two articles on his blog, blogzero.it , on 13 and 27 July,which included pictures of Boiron’s blockbuster homoeopathic product Oscillococcinum, marketed as a remedy against flu symptoms. The pictures were accompanied by captions, which joked about the total absence of any active molecules in homoeopathic preparations.

On 28 July Boiron fired off a letter to the internet provider, complaining that both the articles and the captions were “untrue and derogatory both of homeopathy and [the] company,” and responsible for tarnishing the company’s reputation and causing “serious …