tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Trends in the use of the Mental Health Act: England, 1984-96
Authors: S. Wall, M. Hotopf, S. Wessely, R. Churchill
Journal: BMJ (1999)

The Mental Health Act 1983 provides legislation to ensure a consistent and comprehensive approach to the compulsory admission of psychiatric patients in England and Wales. Since the introduction of the act, the provision of service has changed: hospitals have closed and the care in the community programme has been introduced. Despite the reduction in the number of psychiatric beds available Department of Health data show a rise in the absolute number of compulsory admissions.1 We aimed to determine the proportion of all psychiatric admissions that these compulsory “formal” admissions represent.

The Department of Health collects data from health authorities on compulsory psychiatric admissions, and these data were used to determine the proportion of all psychiatric admissions that were compulsory. Between 1984 and 1986 these data were presented for each calendar year. Since 1987 they have been presented for each financial year. Data were available from the Mental Health Enquiry from 1984 …
IMPACT OF SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS ON POSTOPERATIVE OUTCOMES AFTER NON-CARDIAC SURGERIES
Authors: Shikhar Agarwal, Anitha Rajamanickam, Navkaranbir Bajaj, Lars Svensson, Brian Griffin, E. Murat Tuzcu, Samir Kapadia
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Bacteremia and Thrombus on Prosthetic Heart Valves in Dogs
Authors: RICHARD D. JONES, MOTOICHI AKAO, FREDERICK S. CROSS
Journal: Circulation (1969)

Gram-negative bacteria are a frequent contaminant during cardiopulmonary bypass in dogs. The source of bacteria may be the donor blood or the experimental animal, presumably as a consequence of release from the gastrointestinal tract. The bacteremia is easily controlled with prophylactic cephaloridine therapy. Over 90% of dogs living more than one day after prosthetic valve replacement have survived for longer than one month. Control of this bacteremia allows meaningful evaluation of heart valve prostheses in the dog.
The Primary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Disease: A Report of the Inter-Society Commission for Heart Disease Resources
Authors: PAUL D. STOLLEY
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1972)

Editorials1 April 1972The Primary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Disease: A Report of the Inter-Society Commission for Heart Disease ResourcesPAUL D. STOLLEY, M.D., M.P.H.PAUL D. STOLLEY, M.D., M.P.H.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-76-4-661 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptEpidemiologic studies of the atherosclerotic diseases have been so numerous in recent decades that a report on the state of the art in this field is most welcome. The report of the Inter-Society Commission for Heart Disease Resources, Primary Prevention of the Atherosclerotic Diseases (1), provides a synthesis and critical analysis of these studies that is remarkable for its logic, clarity, and brevity. The report also makes recommendations for primary prevention of the atherosclerotic diseases.The Commission is convinced that a diet high in saturated fat and cholesterol, hypertension, and cigarette smoking are widespread major risk factors leading to the...References1. : Primary prevention of Atherosclerotic diseases. Circulation 42:A-53-A-95, 1970 MedlineGoogle Scholar2. ARMSTRONGWARRENCONNOR MEW: Regression of coronary atheromatosis in rhesus monkeys. Circ Res 27:59-67, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. : Effects of treatment on morbidity in hypertension. II. Results in patients with diastolic blood pressure averaging 90 through 114 mm Hg. JAMA 213:1143-1152, 1970 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. : Program analysis: selected disease control programs. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Program Coordination, Washington, D.C., 1966, p. 5 Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Baltimore, Md. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byPrevention of Stroke 1 April 1972Volume 76, Issue 4Page: 661-663KeywordsCardiovascular therapyDietEpidemiologyFatsHeart diseasesHypercholesterolemiaHypertensionLongitudinal studiesMedical risk factors Issue Published: 1 April 1972 PDF downloadLoading ...
Population effect of 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae in Kilifi, Kenya: findings from cross-sectional carriage studies
Authors: Laura L Hammitt, Donald O Akech, Susan C Morpeth, Angela Karani, Norbert Kihuha, Sammy Nyongesa, Tahreni Bwanaali, Edward Mumbo, Tatu Kamau, Shahnaaz K Sharif, J Anthony G Scott
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2014)

Background The eff ect of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in developed countries was enhanced by indirect protection of unvaccinated individuals, mediated by reduced nasopharyngeal carriage of vaccine-serotype pneumococci.The potential indirect protection of 10-valent PCV (PCV10) in a developing country setting is unknown.We sought to estimate the eff ectiveness of introduction of PCV10 in Kenya against carriage of vaccine serotypes and its eff ect on other bacteria.Methods PCV10 was introduced into the infant vaccination programme in Kenya in January, 2011, accompanied by a catch-up campaign in Kilifi County for children aged younger than 5 years.We did annual cross-sectional carriage studies among an age-stratifi ed, random population sample in the 2 years before and 2 years after PCV10 introduction.A nasopharyngeal rayon swab specimen was collected from each participant and was processed in accordance with WHO recommendations.Prevalence ratios of carriage before and after introduction of PCV10 were calculated by log-binomial regression.Findings About 500 individuals were enrolled each year (total n=2031).Among children younger than 5 years, the baseline (2009-10) carriage prevalence was 34% for vaccine-serotype Streptococcus pneumoniae, 41% for non-vaccineserotype Streptococcus pneumoniae, and 54% for non-typeable Haemophilus infl uenzae.After PCV10 introduction (2011-12), these percentages were 13%, 57%, and 40%, respectively.Adjusted prevalence ratios were 0•36 (95% CI 0•26-0•51), 1•37 (1•13-1•65), and 0•62 (0•52-0•75), respectively.Among individuals aged 5 years or older, the adjusted prevalence ratios for vaccine-serotype and non-vaccine-serotype S pneumoniae carriage were 0•34 (95% CI 0•18-0•62) and 1•13 (0•92-1•38), respectively.There was no change in prevalence ratio for Staphylococcus aureus (adjusted prevalence ratio for those <5 years old 1•02, 95% CI 0•52-1•99, and for those ≥5 years old 0•90, 0•60-1•35).Interpretation After programmatic use of PCV10 in Kilifi , carriage of vaccine serotypes was reduced by two-thirds both in children younger than 5 years and in older individuals.These fi ndings suggest that PCV10 introduction in Africa will have substantial indirect eff ects on invasive pneumococcal disease.
Hospital Deaths in Patients With Sepsis From 2 Independent Cohorts
Authors: Vincent Liu, Gabriel J. Escobar, John D. Greene, Jay Soule, Alan Whippy, Derek C. Angus, Theodore J. Iwashyna
Journal: JAMA (2014)

Hospital Deaths in Patients With Sepsis From 2 Independent CohortsSepsis, the inflammatory response to infection, affects millions of patients worldwide. 1However, its effect on overall hospital mortality has not been measured.We quantified the contribution of sepsis to mortality in 2 complementary inpatient cohorts from Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) and the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS).Methods | The KPNC cohort included 482 828 adults (aged ≥18 years) with overnight, nonobstetrical hospitalizations at 21 KPNC hospitals between 2010 and 2012. 2 Compared with all Northern California patients, KPNC patients have broadly similar health characteristics but higher income and educational attainment. 3The NIS, a nationally representative sample of 1051 hospitals, included 6.5 million unweighted adult hospitalizations in 2010. 4e used 2 approaches to identify patients with sepsis from International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes.The explicit approach identified those with codes 038 (septicemia), 995.91 (sepsis), 995.92 (severe sepsis), or 785.52 (septic shock).Because of the known underrecognition of sepsis, we also used an implicit approach adding patients with evidence of both infection and acute organ failure using the Angus implementation 5 of sepsis consensus criteria.Within KPNC data, we delineated diagnoses when coded as present on admission, an important consideration for improving identification and treatment efforts.Furthermore, we linked 97.9% (n = 19 621) of all explicit sepsis cases present on admission in 2012 to KPNC quality improvement data, permitting stratification of patients by com-
Platelet sensitivity to antiaggregatory prostaglandins (PGE<sub>1</sub>, D<sub>2</sub>, I<sub>2</sub>) in patients with peripheral vascular disease
Authors: P. Fitscha, J. Kaliman, H. Sinzinger
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1985)

Abstract Platelet sensitivity to antiaggregatory prostaglandins (PGI 2 , PGE 1 , PGD 2 ) was studied in 143 patients (122 male) with angiographically proven peripheral vascular disease and compared with age‐matched clinically normal controls. Patients had a significantly lower platelet sensitivity to PGI 2 , PGE 1 , and PGD 2 , than controls. Clinical stages had no significant influence on the platelet sensitivity to PGI 2 and PGE 1 . Patients with stage IIa had a lower sensitivity to PGD 2 than patients with stage IV, the difference not being significant. Analyzing the influence of risk factors like diabetes, hyperlipoproteinemia, or smoking, there seemed to be an inverse relation between risk factors and platelet sensitivity to PGI 2 and PGE 1 . Smokers especially, together with smokers exhibiting an additional risk factor, exhibited the highest prostaglandin consumption (PGI 2 , PGE 1 ) and therefore the lowest platelet sensitivity. However, it has to be emphasized that the differences were not significant. There was a significant correlation between platelet sensitivity to PGI 2 and PGE 1 , whereas this was not the case between the respective sensitivities to PGI 2 , and PGD 2 . This supports the hypothesis that both these prostaglandins (PGI 2 , PGE 1 ) share the same receptor on the platelet surface, whercas PGD 2 has its own receptor.
Heparin as an anti-inflammatory agent: it's no GAG to forget about chemokines
Authors: S J CONNOR, M C GRIMM
Journal: Gut (2001)

Editor,—We approached with enthusiasm the report by Salas and colleagues ((2000) Gut 47:88–96; [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4]) showing that heparin prevented tumour necrosis factor α induced leucocyte rolling, adhesion, and migration in vivo, as demonstrated using intravital microscopy. The novelty and potential importance of the report were emphasised by the appearance of an accompanying commentary by Perretti … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DImmunity%26rft.stitle%253DImmunity%26rft.aulast%253DZlotnik%26rft.auinit1%253DA.%26rft.volume%253D12%26rft.issue%253D2%26rft.spage%253D121%26rft.epage%253D127%26rft.atitle%253DChemokines%253A%2Ba%2Bnew%2Bclassification%2Bsystem%2Band%2Btheir%2Brole%2Bin%2Bimmunity.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1016%252FS1074-7613%252800%252980165-X%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F10714678%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80165-X&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10714678&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fgutjnl%2F48%2F5%2F738.1.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000085621400002&link_type=ISI
Mast-Cell Infiltration of Airway Smooth Muscle in Asthma
Authors: Christopher E. Brightling, Peter Bradding, Fiona A. Symon, Stephen T. Holgate, Andrew J. Wardlaw, Ian D. Pavord
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2002)

Asthma and eosinophilic bronchitis are characterized by similar inflammatory infiltrates in the submucosa of the lower airway. However, eosinophilic bronchitis differs from asthma in that there is no variable airflow obstruction or airway hyperresponsiveness in the former condition. We tested the hypothesis that there were differences between the two conditions in the microlocalization of mast cells within the airway smooth muscle.
Unveiling phonological universals: A linguist who asks “why” is (inter alia) an experimental psychologist
Authors: Iris Berent
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2009)

Evans and Levinson are right to hold theories of language accountable for language diversity, but typological data alone cannot determine the structure of mental phonological grammars. Grammatical universals are nonetheless testable by formal and experimental methods, and the growing research in experimental phonology demonstrates the viability of a comparative experimental evaluation of the UG hypothesis.
Clinical significance of CADM1/TSLC1/IgSF4 expression in adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
Authors: S Nakahata, Y Saito, K Marutsuka, T Hidaka, K Maeda, K Hatakeyama, T Shiraga, A Goto, N Takamatsu, Y Asada, A Utsunomiya, A Okayama, Y Kubuki, K Shimoda, Y Ukai, G Kurosawa, K Morishita
Journal: Leukemia (2012)
Synergistic Effects of GDNF and VEGF on Lifespan and Disease Progression in a Familial ALS Rat Model
Authors: Dan Krakora, Patrick Mulcrone, Michael Meyer, Christina Lewis, Ksenija Bernau, Genevieve Gowing, Chad Zimprich, Patrick Aebischer, Clive N Svendsen, Masatoshi Suzuki
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2013)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. We have recently shown that human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) modified to release glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) decrease disease progression in a rat model of ALS when delivered to skeletal muscle. In the current study, we determined whether or not this effect could be enhanced by delivering GDNF in concert with other trophic factors. hMSC engineered to secrete GDNF (hMSC-GDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (hMSC-VEGF), insulin-like growth factor-I (hMSC-IGF-I), or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (hMSC-BDNF), were prepared and transplanted bilaterally into three muscle groups. hMSC-GDNF and hMSC-VEGF prolonged survival and slowed the loss of motor function, but hMSC-IGF-I and hMSC-BDNF did not have any effect. We then tested the efficacy of a combined ex vivo delivery of GDNF and VEGF in extending survival and protecting neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) and motor neurons. Interestingly, the combined delivery of these neurotrophic factors showed a strong synergistic effect. These studies further support ex vivo gene therapy approaches for ALS that target skeletal muscle.
Incidence and Significance of Islet Cell Antibodies in Women With Previous Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Patrick M Catalano, Elaine D Tyzbir, Ethan A H Sims
Journal: Diabetes Care (1990)

Islet cell antibodies (ICAs) are markers for patients at risk for insulin-dependent diabetes and are associated with progressive β-cell destruction. This prospective study was performed to estimate the incidence of these antibodies in 187 women with previous gestational diabetes. With a specific protein A monoclonal antibody (MoAb) assay, the incidence of ICAs was only 1.6% (3 of 187). Oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed in these 3 women and compared with 6 women with previous gestational diabetes without ICAs and 5 control women. Glucose tolerance was impaired only in the 3 women with ICAs, who also had an increase (P &amp;lt; 0.03) in fasting plasma glucose and a decrease (P &amp;lt; 0.03) in early first-phase insulin response. We conclude that the more specific MoAb method indicates a lower incidence of ICA in women with a history of gestational diabetes than previously reported and that a decreased first-phase insulin response is associated with the presence of ICAs, suggesting progressive islet cell damage.
Identifying the MAGUK Protein Carma-1 as a Central Regulator of Humoral Immune Responses and Atopy by Genome-Wide Mouse Mutagenesis
Authors: Jesse E. Jun, Lauren E. Wilson, Carola G. Vinuesa, Sylvie Lesage, Mathieu Blery, Lisa A. Miosge, Matthew C. Cook, Edyta M. Kucharska, Hiromitsu Hara, Josef M. Penninger, Heather Domashenz, Nancy A. Hong, Richard J. Glynne, Keats A. Nelms, Christopher C. Goodnow
Journal: Immunity (2003)
A DEVIATION FROM THE USUAL METHODS OF CLOSING ABDOMINAL WOUNDS, INCLUDING HERNIA.
Authors: O. O. WITHERBEE
Journal: JAMA (1903)

A troublesome experience with buried sutures has defeated the best efforts of many excellent surgeons in their endeavor to separately approximate the different layers in closing abdominal wounds. With a desire to overcome this difficulty, and yet to accomplish all that may be done with buried sutures, I began about two years ago the exclusive use of silkworm gut in closing, not alone abdominal wounds, but in suturing all incisions I have had occasion to make in doing a general line of surgery. In closing an abdominal wound in the medium line it is my habit to first approximate the peritoneum with a silkworm gut introduced in the same manner as a sub-cuticular suture, and then to bring both ends through the integument near the extremities of the incision. This permits of its ready removal any time from the third to the sixth day, according to the pleasure of the
Education, guidance, and equality are needed to address problem of antipsychotic prescribing in nursing homes
Authors: C. E. Bowman
Journal: BMJ (2012)

McCleery and Fox’s editorial on antipsychotic prescribing in nursing homes did little to advance either the understanding of or the solution to the problem.1

Firstly, hospitals are the source of the problem: they are where drug treatments are started and where primary care doctors gain their knowledge beyond evidence based …
Renin in Experimental Hypertension
Authors: B. A. Houssay, E. Braun-Menendez
Journal: BMJ (1942)

reviews the literature of second infection in congenital syphilis, and comes to the conclusion that up till now no indisputable second infection in a congenital syphilitic patient has been re- ported.He records, however, two personal cases of reinfection in adequately treated congenital syphilis.In the first case there were thirteen years of clinical and serological negativity between the congenital and the acquired infection.In the second, though the serological test for syphilis never became entirely negative, there were at least eight years of clinical negativity, including a negative cerebrospinal fluid between the congenital and the acquired infection.
Molecular analysis of insertion/deletion mutations in protein 4.1 in elliptocytosis. I. Biochemical identification of rearrangements in the spectrin/actin binding domain and functional characterizations.
Authors: S L Marchesi, J Conboy, P Agre, J T Letsinger, V T Marchesi, D W Speicher, N Mohandas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1990)

Protein 4.1 (80 kD) interacts with spectrin and short actin filaments to form the erythrocyte membrane skeleton. Mutations of spectrin and protein 4.1 are associated with elliptocytosis or spherocytosis and anemia of varying severity. We analyzed two mutant protein 4.1 molecules associated with elliptocytosis: a high molecular weight 4.1 (95 kD) associated with mild elliptocytosis without anemia, and a low molecular weight 4.1 (two species at 68 and 65 kD) associated with moderate elliptocytosis and anemia. 4.1(95) was found to contain a approximately 15-kD insertion adjacent to the spectrin/actin binding domain comprised, at least in part, of repeated sequence. 4.1(68/65) was found to lack the entire spectrin-actin binding domain. The mechanical stability of erythrocyte membranes containing 4.1(95) was identical to that of normal membranes, consistent with the presence of an intact spectrin-actin binding domain in protein 4.1. In contrast, membranes containing 4.1(68/65) have markedly reduced mechanical stability as a result of deleting the spectrin-actin binding domain. The mechanical stability of these membranes was improved following reconstitution with normal 4.1. These studies have thus enabled us to establish the importance of the spectrin-actin binding domain in regulating the mechanical stability of the erythrocyte membrane.
Abstract 2522: Complementary and alternative medicine use among cancer survivors in the United States.
Authors: Maryam Laiyemo, Gail Nunlee-Bland, Frederick Lombardo, R. George Adams, Adeyinka Laiyemo
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Background: Although there is little evidence of effectiveness of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM), there has been an increase in the number of patients turning to these largely unproven medical therapies. In this study, we sought to determine if those with a personal history of cancer were more likely to have utilized CAM as compared to those without a history of cancer. Methods: We analyzed the 2007 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) and identified 976 respondents who were cancer survivors and 6,235 respondents without a personal history of cancer. We compared the demographic, lifestyle, and healthcare perceptions of these participants and used logistic regression models to evaluate the association of personal history of cancer, cancer treatment and the time since cancer treatment with CAM use. We used survey weights in all analysis and Taylor series linearization to perform variance estimations to account for the complex survey design. Results: Overall, cancer survivors were as likely as those without history of cancer to use CAM in the previous 12 months (27.1% vs. 25.2%; OR = 1.09; 95%CI: 0.86-1.38). Cancer treatment and time since cancer treatment was not associated with CAM use (Table 1). Conclusions: Cancer survivors were as likely as adults without a history of cancer to use complementary and alternative medicine irrespective of cancer treatment. Table 1. The effect of cancer treatment and time since treatment on CAM use among cancer survivors By cancer treatment Cancer survivor characteristics Weighted% with CAM use CAM use versus no CAM use OR (95% CI) No history of cancer (n = 6,235) 25.2% Reference No cancer treatment (n = 117) 32.6% 1.69 (0.82–3.47) Had cancer treatment (n = 847) 26.3% 1.01 (0.78–1.29) By time since cancer treatment No history of cancer (n = 6,235) Reference Still undergoing cancer treatment (n = 94) 29.4% 1.15 (0.50–2.63) Completed cancer treatment less than 1 year ago (n = 143) 22.6% 0.96 (0.55–1.66) Completed cancer treatment 1 or more years ago (n = 537) 26.5% 1.00 (0.72–1.41) Adjusted for respondent's age, sex, marital status, place of birth, race, income, education level, health insurance status, BMI, perception of health status, perception of health care quality received, and confidence in taking care of one's own health Citation Format: Maryam Laiyemo, Gail Nunlee-Bland, Frederick Lombardo, R. George Adams, Adeyinka Laiyemo. Complementary and alternative medicine use among cancer survivors in the United States. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2522. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2522