tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PENETRATION OF TISSUE BY DIESEL OIL UNDER PRESSURE
Authors: John E. Hughes
Journal: JAMA (1941)

The rapidly increasing use of high pressure appliances in industry, in which oil or grease under 4,000 to 7,000 pounds pressure is forced through small caliber openings generating an energy when misdirected, will undoubtedly result in severe tissue damage, often resulting in necessity for amputation of fingers or other parts affected. Two cases have been reported inThe Journal,<sup>1</sup>both resulting in amputation : one a result of Diesel oil, the other from a grease gun commonly used in garages to force grease and oil laden graphite into spring shackles and other friction parts. This modern appliance is a far cry from the hand grease gun and screw grease cup in common use a few years ago. The Diesel engine, generally used in small maritime vessels, is rapidly becoming the power engine in many diversified industries. In the oil fields the Diesel oil used is of low viscosity and highly volatile, approaching the consistency of
Vegetarianism and Indian sports
Authors: Shashikant Goswami
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

The high performance diet has always been a matter of concern for the elite sports persons. The selection of right kind of food has an important role to play to achieve good health and high performance. In spite of being an oldest vegetarian country the Indian sports persons at elite level starts following the non-vegetarian foods to have high protein intake in their daily diet to gain muscle mass and strength. Whereas, vegetable proteins, when combined, provide excellent protein and also numerous other nutrients such as phytochemicals and fibres that are highly regarded in the diet.
A Multifaceted Intervention to Improve the Quality of Care of Children in District Hospitals in Kenya: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Edwine W. Barasa, Philip Ayieko, Susan Cleary, Mike English
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2012)

To improve care for children in district hospitals in Kenya, a multifaceted approach employing guidelines, training, supervision, feedback, and facilitation was developed, for brevity called the Emergency Triage and Treatment Plus (ETAT+) strategy. We assessed the cost effectiveness of the ETAT+ strategy, in Kenyan hospitals. Further, we estimate the costs of scaling up the intervention to Kenya nationally and potential cost effectiveness at scale.Our cost-effectiveness analysis from the provider's perspective used data from a previously reported cluster randomized trial comparing the full ETAT+ strategy (n = 4 hospitals) with a partial intervention (n = 4 hospitals). Effectiveness was measured using 14 process measures that capture improvements in quality of care; their average was used as a summary measure of quality. Economic costs of the development and implementation of the intervention were determined (2009 US$). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were defined as the incremental cost per percentage improvement in (average) quality of care. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis was used to assess uncertainty. The cost per child admission was US$50.74 (95% CI 49.26-67.06) in intervention hospitals compared to US$31.1 (95% CI 30.67-47.18) in control hospitals. Each percentage improvement in average quality of care cost an additional US$0.79 (95% CI 0.19-2.31) per admitted child. The estimated annual cost of nationally scaling up the full intervention was US$3.6 million, approximately 0.6% of the annual child health budget in Kenya. A "what-if" analysis assuming conservative reductions in mortality suggests the incremental cost per disability adjusted life year (DALY) averted by scaling up would vary between US$39.8 and US$398.3.Improving quality of care at scale nationally with the full ETAT+ strategy may be affordable for low income countries such as Kenya. Resultant plausible reductions in hospital mortality suggest the intervention could be cost-effective when compared to incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of other priority child health interventions.
Noble metals: a toxicological appraisal of potential new environmental contaminants.
Authors: P E Brubaker, J P Moran, K Bridbord, F G Hueter
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1975)

The public health benefits expected by reducing known hazardous emissions from mobile sources should not be compromised by increasing levels of other potentially hazardous unregulated emissions. Catalytic converters are going to be used to meet the statutory requirements on carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions from light duty motor vehicles. Platinum and palladium metals are the catalytic materials to be used in these emission control devices. Preliminary experimental evidence and analysis of the impact of these control devices on the future use and demand for platinum indicates that this metal may appear at detectable levels in the environment by the end of this decade. At the present time, platinum and palladium are not present in the public environment and represent potentially new environmental contaminants as a consequence of use of this new abatement control technology. There is relatively little information available to adequately assess the potential health hazards that may be associated with exposure to these metals and their compounds. Analysis of the environmental problems and concerns associated with possible new environmental contaminants are discussed. Limited estimates are made on community exposure by use of a meteorological dispersion model. Biodegradation potential and attention is also given to the limited toxicological information available.
THE EFFECT OF FLOOD DIURESIS ON HEMOGLOBINURIA
Authors: Herbert Haessler
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1922)

Flood diuresis so far lowers the renal threshold for hemoglobin that the pigment appears in quantity in the urine as result of a hemoglobinemia insufficient under ordinary circumstances to lead to the elimination of even a trace of it. In pathological conditions that involve blood destruction hemoglobin probably passes into the tubules much more often than it reaches the urine, being prevented therefrom by the resorptive activity of the tubular epithelium.
Risk Factors for HIV-1 Seroconversion May Not Be What They Seem
Authors: Stuart Brody
Journal: JAMA (1996)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Celentano and colleagues<sup>1</sup>conclude that seroconversion among male Thai soldiers is largely attributable to contact with female prostitutes, and they advise increased use of condoms for all. However, there are several problems with their inferences. In most national epidemiologic tabulations of risk categories (such as those from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention),<sup>2</sup>there is a hierarchy of risk factors, with homosexual activity (and injection drug use) justifiably taking priority over supposed heterosexual transmission. Beyrer and coworkers<sup>3</sup>noted that Thai men often do not consider sex with male transvestites (<i>katoey</i>) to be sex with men (which the authors implied may reduce estimates of Thai homosexual behavior by 80%) and likely underreport anal intercourse and injection drug use. Misinformation from respondents about anal intercourse and drug use plagues studies of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) risk factors.<sup>4,5</sup>Denial of these
Simultaneous Bilateral Rupture of Achilles Tendons Due to Triamcinolone
Authors: M. A. Cowan, S. Alexander
Journal: BMJ (1961)

COMMENT Spontaneous rupture of tendons may result from pyogenic infection, tuberculosis, gonorrhoea, syphilis, gout, or tumours (Boyd, 1938), and is seen not infrequently as a part of the clinical picture of rheumatoid arthritis.In the latter condition the tendons undergo fibrinoid degeneration, a characteristic of the collagen diseases.It is possible that in the present case the pain prior to the final tendon rupture was due to minute tears in the degenerating tendon, and that normal healing was inhibited by the steroid therapy.In an experimental study Wrenn, Goldner, and Markee (1954) showed that, though end-to-end healing of ruptured tendons in animals on cortisone therapy was not prevented, the tendons were 40% weaker than control tendons.The cortisone delayed the maturation of the fibrous tissue.The ease with which the tendons ruptured in the present case and the relative lack of pain at the time would indicate that they were grossly degenerated.A similar picture is seen at the shoulder, where again a large tendon mass is involved.In the older age-group rupture of the supraspinatus tendon occurs with rela- tively little trauma and minimal pain.In a slightly younger age-group chronic tendinitis is seen which is painful and may be the sequel to a partial tear (Apley, 1959).This would perhaps correspond to the pain in the present case during the four months before the tendons ruptured.
Abstract 914: Xenobiotic metabolizing SNPs and ovarian cancer risk
Authors: Kristin L. White, Thomas A. Sellers, Robert A. Vierkant, Catherine Phelan, Julie M. Cunningham, Joellen M. Schildkraut, Andy Berchuck, Brooke L. Fridley, Janet E. Olson, Jonathan Beesley, Georgia Chenevix-Trench, Ellen L. Goode
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract As the leading cause of mortality among gynecologic cancers, it is critical to increase understanding of ovarian cancer pathogenesis, which remains largely unknown. Several xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes are responsible for processing and inactivating carcinogens that could initiate ovarian carcinogenesis. Here, we hypothesize that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes may be associated with differential risk of ovarian cancer. Cases with epithelial ovarian cancer (N=930) and controls (N=1,037), frequency-matched on age and geographic residence, were enrolled at Mayo Clinic and Duke University, and genotyped at 163 tagSNPs in EPHX1, SULT1E1, ADH5, ADH4, ADH6, ADH1A, ADH1B, ADH1C, NQO2, NAT1, NAT2, GSTP1, CYP19A1, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and NQO1 using an Illumina GoldenGate™ BeadArray array. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and adjust for population structure and other potential confounders, including oral contraceptive use, parity, and family history. SNP-specific statistical analyses identified several noteworthy results including an association with increased risk of ovarian cancer with a SNP (rs2917666) in NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1 (NQO1) (per-allele OR 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.33, p=0.04). The SNP rs1051740 in epoxide hydrolase 1, microsomal (xenobiotic) (EPHX1) was suggestive of increased risk of invasive serous disease (TT v CT OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.66-1.09, TT v CC 1.29, 95% CI 0.89-1.88, p=0.09). In an effort to replicate these observations, a subset of 11 SNPs with a p-value &amp;lt; 0.10 were then genotyped in 727 invasive cancer cases and 1,065 controls from an Australian ovarian cancer study using a Sequenom iPlex assay. Results of combined analyses confirmed an association between EPHX1 rs1051740 and increased invasive serous ovarian cancer risk (TT v CT OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.77-1.29, TT v CC OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.23-2.11, p=0.001; recessive OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.25-2.09, p=0.001). This gene is involved in the activation and detoxification of tobacco-derived carcinogens, and smoking has been associated with the mucinous histologic subtype of ovarian cancer. Analyses by histological subtype and gene-environment interaction analyses considering genotype in conjunction with tobacco use and alcohol intake are underway. Due to the important role of EPHX1 in metabolizing pro-carcinogens and the observed association between rs1051740 and risk of invasive serous disease, an examination of this SNP in a larger ovarian cancer consortium is warranted. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 914.
A3.31 Rheumatoid arthritis, sjogren’s syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus patients have a distinct spectrum of serum anticytokine autoantibodies
Authors: Sarthak Gupta, Ioanna P Tatouli, Lindsey B Rosen, Sarfaraz Hasni, Richard M Siegel, Steven M Holland, Haralampos M Moutsopopoulos, Sarah K Browne
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2014)

<h3>Background/Purpose</h3> Anticytokine autoantibodies are pathogenic in many hematologic, pulmonary and infectious diseases. However, the prevalence and significance of anticytokine autoantibodies in rheumatic conditions is poorly characterised. We comprehensively evaluated anticytokine autoantibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Sjogren’s Syndrome (SS) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). <h3>Methods</h3> Bio-Plex Pro Magnetic COOH beads (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc) were coupled with commercially available cytokines. Sera from patients with RA, SS, and SLE were compared to normals for autoantibodies against 24 cytokines. Data were acquired on a Bio-Plex 100 instrument and analysed using Prism, version 6.0. Values above the 99th percentile for the normal controls were classified as positive. <h3>Results</h3> Forty-two percent of RA, 21% of SS, and 25% of patients with SLE tested positive for anticytokine autoantibodies. Those with RA had mostly anti-TNFa and anti-TNFb antibodies, while SS patients had autoantibodies against Interleukin (IL)-1a, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-12. SLE patients had antibodes against GM-CSF, M-CSF, interferons (IFNs) types I, II and III and IFNg-induced Protein 10 (IP-10). <h3>Conclusion</h3> RA, SS, and SLE had distinct spectra of anticytokine autoantibodies. Those in RA were mostly against TNFa and TNFb, probably due to monoclonal biologics; SS patients did not have many autoantibodies to TNFs or IFNs; SLE had the broadest range of autoantibodies, including those against types I and II IFNs as well as GM-CSF, M-CSF, IL-4, IL-7, IL-18 and IP-10. We confirmed autoantibodies against types I and II IFNs, GM-CSF, TNFa, TNFb, IL-1α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 as previously described. However, antibodies to M-CSF, IL-7, IL-17 and IL-22 have not been previously identified in rheumatologic conditions. Anti-type III IFNs (IL-29, IL-28A, IL-28B), anti-IL-4 and anti-IP-10 autoantibodies are newly recognised. These data confirm that anticytokine autoantibodies are a significant presence in autoimmune diseases and extend to more cytokines than previously appreciated. The clinical and pathophysiologic roles of these autoantibodies may teach us more about etiology and pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases.
Children’s Health Centers: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Angela Spivey
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2007)

A physician who conducted some of the first studies documenting the effect of lead poisoning on children.An epidemiologist studying the effects of exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES).A toxicologist pointing out the many different chemical exposures associated with impulsivity.Though each of their disciplines uses a different language, all of these scientists study the links between the environment and childhood disease.They are just a few of the researchers who converged at the "Children's Environmental Health Research: Past, Present, and Future" conference held 22-23 January 2007 at the NIEHS.Sponsored in full by the NIEHS and planned jointly with the EPA, the conference aimed to get scientists talking about what types of research have been most effective.The result was recommendations to help chart the course for NIEHS children's environmental health research over the next five to ten years, including the future of the Centers for Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research.
Medical Meanings: A Glossary of Word Origins
Authors: Edward J. Huth
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Medical Writings: Book Notes6 April 1999Medical Meanings: A Glossary of Word OriginsEdward J. Huth, MDEdward J. Huth, MDUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-130-7-199904060-00031 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Haubrich WS. 253 pages. Philadelphia: American Coll Physicians; 1997. $29.95. ISBN 0943126568. Order phone 800-523-1546, ext. 2600.Field of medicine: Medicine, surgery, and other medical disciplines.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Medical students, residents, and practitioners.Purpose: To describe the origins and subsequent histories of widely used medical terms, including medical slang, and to comment on usage, both appropriate and inappropriate.Content: In 3000 or more short articles, arranged alphabetically, about terms in medical sciences and clinical medicine Haubrich presents brief etymologies (from such diverse languages as Greek, Latin, Arabic, Old English, Old French, and Old Norse); their older and current ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byMedical journals’ conflicts of interest in the publication of book reviews 6 April 1999Volume 130, Issue 7Page: 623-624KeywordsComputer softwareFallsSurgery ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 6 April 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Evaluation of a Structured Treatment and Teaching Program for Non-Insulin-Treated Type II Diabetic Outpatients in Germany After the Nationwide Introduction of Reimbursement Policy for Physicians
Authors: Monika Gruesser, Uwe Bott, Petra Ellermann, Petra Kronsbein, Viktor Joergens
Journal: Diabetes Care (1993)

Objective— To evaluate the practicability and efficacy of a structured treatment and teaching program for non-insulin-treated type II diabetic patients in routine primary health care. Research Design and Methods— All physicians (n = 139) and their office staffs in Hamburg, Germany, who had participated in a special training course from 1 April 1991 to 31 December 1991 were contacted for a standardized interview. A random sample of 17 of these offices was selected for office visits during which the documented data of all patients who had received the standardized treatment and teaching in the same period were collected and evaluated. Results— The program was well received by the physicians, and the data collected on 179 patients (5.1 mo median after the intervention) demonstrated the efficacy of the program at the treatment level: reduction of body weight (mean 2.8 kg, P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and HbA1c levels (from 8.11 ± 1.68 to 7.47 ± 1.64%, P &amp;lt; 0.0001) was substantial. The individual prescribed volume of oral antidiabetic agents was ∼50% lower after patient attendance of the program (significant decrease from 1.41 ± 1.42 to 0.76 ± 1.11 tablets/patient/day, P &amp;lt; 0.0001). The proportion of patients treated with oral antidiabetic drugs decreased from 63 to 42% (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Conclusions— Subsequent to the introduction of nationwide remuneration of outpatient education for type II diabetic patients by office-based physicians, a relevant improvement was observed in the quality of care, comparable with the effects of the program in a previous prospective controlled trial.
Overexpression of E2F‐1 in glioma triggers apoptosis and suppresses tumor growth in vitro and in vivo
Authors: J. Fueyo, C. Gomez-Manzano, W.K.A. Yung, T.J. Liu, R. Alemany, T.J. McDonnell, X. Shi, J.S. Rao, V.A. Levin, A. P. Kyritsis
Journal: Nature Medicine (1998)
Controlling Death: The False Promise of Advance Directives
Authors: Henry S. Perkins
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2007)

Advance directives promise patients a say in their future care but actually have had little effect. Many experts blame problems with completion and implementation, but the advance directive concept itself may be fundamentally flawed. Advance directives simply presuppose more control over future care than is realistic. Medical crises cannot be predicted in detail, making most prior instructions difficult to adapt, irrelevant, or even misleading. Furthermore, many proxies either do not know patients' wishes or do not pursue those wishes effectively. Thus, unexpected problems arise often to defeat advance directives, as the case in this paper illustrates. Because advance directives offer only limited benefit, advance care planning should emphasize not the completion of directives but the emotional preparation of patients and families for future crises. The existentialist Albert Camus might suggest that physicians should warn patients and families that momentous, unforeseeable decisions lie ahead. Then, when the crisis hits, physicians should provide guidance; should help make decisions despite the inevitable uncertainties; should share responsibility for those decisions; and, above all, should courageously see patients and families through the fearsome experience of dying.
Clinical Lecture on Cases of Injury to the Head
Authors: C. Heath
Journal: BMJ (1875)

CENTLEMEatEN,-During the past month, there have been tlsree cases of head-injury in my wards, which you have had the opportunity of watching to their terminations.Two of these patients made good recoveries, but the third died; and the post morlootemit examination yielded the specimen of fractured base of the skull nosy before you.The fil-st case was that of a cabman, who was in the first bed on the riight handl
TCT-32 Lack of mortality benefit of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system inhibitors in patients without left ventricular dysfunction following primary percutaneous intervention for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Akhil Parashar, Shikhar Agarwal, Aatish Garg, Amar Krishnaswamy, Kanhaiya L. Poddar, Stephen Ellis, E. Murat Tuzcu, Samir Kapadia
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
SDHAF1, encoding a LYR complex-II specific assembly factor, is mutated in SDH-defective infantile leukoencephalopathy
Authors: Daniele Ghezzi, Paola Goffrini, Graziella Uziel, Rita Horvath, Thomas Klopstock, Hanns Lochmüller, Pio D'Adamo, Paolo Gasparini, Tim M Strom, Holger Prokisch, Federica Invernizzi, Ileana Ferrero, Massimo Zeviani
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Autoantibodies against phosphatidylserine-prothrombin complex in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: M Hasegawa
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2004)

<b>Objective:</b> To determine the frequency and clinical association of antiphosphatidylserine-prothrombin complex (PS/PT) antibody (Ab) in systemic sclerosis (SSc). <b>Methods:</b> Anti-PS/PT IgG Ab was examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 112 patients with SSc. Thirty three healthy volunteers and 30 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were also investigated as controls. <b>Results:</b> Anti-PS/PT Ab was detected in 18/112 (16%) patients with SSc and 10/30 (33%) patients with SLE, whereas it was not detected in any normal controls. Anti-PS/PT Ab was more frequently detected in patients with SSc with peripheral ischaemia and lung disease (pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension) than in patients with SSc without the Ab. However, anti-PS/PT Ab was not associated with the severity of skin sclerosis. Importantly, two patients were negative for both lupus anticoagulant and Ab against cardiolipin β<sub>2</sub>-glycoprotein I complex among six anti-PS/PT Ab positive patients with SSc and a thromboembolic episode. <b>Conclusions:</b> Anti-PS/PT Ab is associated with thromboembolism, peripheral ischaemia, and lung involvement in some patients with SSc. Examination of this Ab may be useful to recognise the risk of thromboembolism in patients with SSc.