tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluation, Profiling, and Screening
Authors: ROBERT S. GALEN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1975)

Comments1 December 1975Evaluation, Profiling, and ScreeningROBERT S. GALEN, M.D., M.P.H.ROBERT S. GALEN, M.D., M.P.H.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-83-6-905_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Korvin, Pearce, and Stanley conclude their paper in the August issue, "Admissions Screening: Clinical Benefits" by stating that "despite the significant number of abnormal laboratory results encountered in an admissions screening program, these have little beneficial impact on patient care" (1). The biggest problem with their study is that the application of a panel of tests, laboratory or other, to patients upon admission to hospital is not "screening." The World Health Assembly in 1971 recognized the existing confusion in terminology and set forth the following definition of screening for disease, the aim of which is to discover...References1. KORVINPEARCESTANLEY CRJ: Admissions screening: clinical benefits. Ann Intern Med 83:197-203, 1975 LinkGoogle Scholar2. WILSONHILLEBOE JH: Mass Health Examination. Geneva, World Health Organization (Public Health Paper No. 45), 1971 Google Scholar3. SACKETTHOLLAND DW: Controversy in the detection of disease. Lancet 2:357-359, 1975 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. DELBANCONOBLE TJ: The periodic health examination revisited (editorial). Ann Intern Med 83:271-272, 1975 LinkGoogle Scholar1. KORVINPEARCESTANLEY CRJ: Admissions screening: clinical benefits. Ann Intern Med 83:197-203, 1975 LinkGoogle Scholar2. BROWNSPITZER BW: Unanswered questions about the periodic health examination. Ann Intern Med 83:257-263, 1975 LinkGoogle Scholar1. CUNNICKCROMIECORTELL WJR: Value of biochemical profiling in a periodic health examination program: analysis of 1000 cases. Bull NY Acad Med 48:5-22, 1972 MedlineGoogle Scholar2. ROLLASONPINCHERLEROBINSON JGD: Serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase in relation to alcohol consumption. Clin Chim Acta 39:75-80, 1972 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Department of Pathology College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University New York, New York 10032 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 December 1975Volume 83, Issue 6Page: 905-907KeywordsGlobal healthPatientsResearch laboratories ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 December 1975 PDF downloadLoading ...
NEW MECHANICAL SAW FOR SEPTAL OPERATIONS.
Authors: W. SHEPPEGRELL
Journal: JAMA (1897)

In order to obviate the difficulty and fatigue of operating the nasal saw by hand, and to do this mechanically, by some mechanism which will enable us to use the saw not only with less exertion, but also with greater rapidity and precision, a number of mechanical saws have been devised. These saws are practically all operated by the electric dental motor. For over a year I have endeavored to devise a saw for nasal operations which would combine simplicity, effectiveness, ease in application, facility of control, and would enable the operator to clearly follow the progress of the operation within the nasal cavity. After changing the model many times so that the last bears scarcely any resemblance to the first, I have at last devised a saw which combines the important features enumerated above, and which has done me excellent service. This saw may be attached to any of
Lung Morphology-Perfusion Correlation on Perfusion SPECT-CT Fusion Images in Two Cases of Septic Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Kazuyoshi Suga, Yasuhiko Kawakami, Munemasa Okada, Hideyuki Iwanaga, Naofumi Matsunaga
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2010)

Septic pulmonary embolism (SPE) is a critical disorder which requires fast diagnosis for treatment, while SPE continues to pose a diagnostic challenge in radiologic imaging. We describe detailed findings on breath-hold perfusion SPECT-CT fusion images in 2 patients with SPE. Regardless of absence or nonspecific morphologic abnormality in these patients, the fusion images showed multiple wedge-shaped segmental/subsegmental perfusion defects along specific pulmonary arteries, highly suggesting embolic event. Follow-up fusion images after treatment showed changes in lung perfusion defects and morphology. Assessment of lung morphology-perfusion correlation on reliable fusion images contributes to correct diagnosis of SPE and monitoring of treatment effect.
An Asian Multicenter Clinical Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Tolerability of Acarbose Compared With Placebo in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Previously Treated With Diet
Authors: Juliana CN Chan, Kin-Wei A Chan, Larry LT HO, Martin MC Fuh, Lee Chung Horn, Richard Sheaves, Araceli A Panelo, Duk-Kyu Kim, Mustaffa Embong
Journal: Diabetes Care (1998)

OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of acarbose versus placebo during a 24-week treatment period in Asian type 2 diabetic patients with dietary failure. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS After a 6-week screening period, 126 multiethnic Asian type 2 diabetic patients (64 men, 62 women; mean age ± SD, 53.4 ± 10 years) were randomized to receive acarbose (n = 63) or placebo (n = 63). The dosage was increased from 50 mg t.i.d. at week 0 to 100 mg t.i.d. at week 4. Patients were then followed up at weeks 10, 16, and 24. At each visit, body weight, blood pressure, and metabolic indexes were measured. At weeks 0 and 24, fasting plasma glucose and insulin were measured before and 1 h after the administration of an individually tailored breakfast. RESULTS Using the intention-to-treat analysis, there were greater reductions in (mean [95% CI]) HbA1c (−0.70 [−1.00 to −0.39] vs. −0.27% [−0.54 to 0]; P = 0.04), fasting plasma glucose (−0.37 [−0.75 to 0.02] vs. 0.41 mmol/1 [−0.08 to 0.90]; P = 0.017) and 1-h plasma glucose (−0.77 [−1.44 to −0.10] vs. 0.65 mmol/1 [−0.07 to 1.36]; P = 0.05) in the acarbose group compared with the placebo group. With acarbose treatment, 78% of patients achieved an HbA1c &amp;lt;8% compared with 56% in the placebo group (P = 0.003). There was a greater reduction in body weight (−1.31 [−2.46 to −0.15] vs. 0.16 kg [−3.36 to 0.10]; P = 0.02) and higher incidence of flatulence (56 vs. 37%; P = 0.032) in the acarbose than in the placebo group. Using baseline HbA1c and race as covariates, there were no significant interethnic differences in treatment responses (P = 0.232 for treatment-race interaction; P &amp;lt; 0.001 for treatment effect). The dropout rates were similar between the two groups (acarbose, 11 of 63; placebo, 6 of 63). There were no significant laboratory adverse events in either group. CONCLUSIONS In this multicenter study involving six ethnic groups, acarbose 100 mg t.i.d. was an effective, safe, and generally well-tolerated therapy in Asian type 2 diabetic patients with dietary failure. In some patients with troublesome gastrointestinal symptoms, a lower dosage may be necessary.
PH<sup>1</sup>-Positive Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, with Absence of Another G Chromosome, in a Male
Authors: Eric Engel, David E. Jenkins, Robert E. Tipton, Barbara J. McGee, Mireille Engel-de Montmollin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

ALTERATIONS of smaller acrocentric chromosomes in malignant blood diseases have drawn much attention ever since the Philadelphia (PH1) chromosome was noted in chronic myelogenous leukemia.1 , 2 In 1962 Atkin and Taylor3 described a fifty-three-year-old male patient with untreated chronic myelogenous leukemia whose blood cells had the PH1 chromosome but also lacked a short acrocentric chromosome in the G group, either an autosome or the Y chromosome. In 2 other cases in males Tough et al.4 observed a similar pattern: in 1 patient, lack of a G group member was found in all cells with the PH1 chromosome whereas in the . . .
Determinants of Length of Stay After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Harold L. Lazar, Carmel Fitzgerald, Stacy Gross, Tim Heeren, Gabriel S. Aldea, Richard J. Shemin
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Rising healthcare costs have prompted limitations in the length of stay (LOS) for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). Because not all patients are candidates for early discharge, in the present study our aim was to determine factors that prolong LOS.In 194 consecutive patients undergoing CABG procedures, LOS was > 7 days in 37%. Stepwise multiple regression procedures and chi 2 testing were used to determine what factors prolonged LOS for > 7 days. Preoperative factors that significantly (P < .05) prolonged LOS included repeat CABG, CABG plus valve surgery, congestive heart failure, preoperative coronary care unit stay, renal failure, and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Patients with at least one risk factor had a significantly higher incidence of LOS of > 7 days (47% versus 17%; P < .001). Significant (P < .05) postoperative factors prolonging LOS included arrhythmias, respiratory insufficiency, pneumonia, and wound infection. Of patients with at least one risk factor, 83% had LOS of > 7 days (P < .001).The presence of certain preoperative and post-operative risk factors can be predicted to prolong LOS after CABG surgery. This should be taken into consideration when defining reimbursement policies.
A NEW TROCAR AND CANULA WITH SAFETY GUARD.
Authors: JOHN S MARSHALL
Journal: JAMA (1896)

This instrument was devised with a view to prevent accidents in the opening of the cavities of the antrum, the chest and cysts, hydroceles and large abscesses. There is always danger when puncturing the antrum of Highmore, the thorax and other cavities which are filled with fluid abnormal in character and which must be evacuated of the trocar under the force sometimes necessary to puncture the tissues forming the walls of these cavities, injuring the organs contained within them, or of passing through the opposite wall and causing injuries to structures beyond. To render such accidents impossible this instrument has been fitted with a safety guard entering the handle of the instrument by means of a screw thread which makes it possible for the operator to set the guard so that the trocar and canula will enter at any depth that he may judge will be the thickness of the
Effects of candesartan to prevent fatal arrhythmias following acute myocardial ischemia and repertusion: an electrophysiological study using canine hearts
Authors: Tetsuzo Wakatsuki, Norikazu Hiura, Takashi Yamamoto, Akihiro Saito, Tomotsugu Tabata, Takashi Oki
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
Whom should we "test and treat" for Helicobacter pylori?
Authors: A. C. Ford, P. Moayyedi
Journal: BMJ (2014)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> Vaccination is considered the most effective control measure against COVID-19. Vaccine hesitancy and equitable vaccine allocation are important challenges to disseminating developed vaccines. To promote COVID-19 vaccination coverage, the government of Japan established the workplace vaccination program. However, while it appears that the program was effective in overcoming vaccine hesitancy, the program may have hindered the equitable allocation of vaccines because it mainly focused on employees of large companies. We investigated the relationship between company size and COVID-19 vaccination completion status of employees and the impact of the workplace vaccination program on this relationship. <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted an internet-based prospective cohort study from December 2020 (baseline) to December 2021. The data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire survey. Briefly, 27,036 workers completed the questionnaire at baseline and 18,560 at follow-up. After excluding ineligible respondents, we finally analyzed the data from 15,829 participants. At baseline, the participants were asked about the size of the company they worked for, and at follow-up they were asked about the month in which they received their second COVID-19 vaccine dose and the availability of a company-arranged vaccination opportunity. Results: In each month throughout the observation period, the odds of having received a second COVID-19 vaccine dose were significantly lower for small-company employees than for large-company employees in the sex- and age-adjusted model. This difference decreased after adjusting for socioeconomic factors, and there was no significant difference after adjusting for the availability of a company-arranged vaccination opportunity. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The workplace vaccination program implemented in Japan to control the COVID-19 pandemic may have been effective in overcoming vaccine hesitancy in workers; however, it may have caused an inequitable allocation of vaccines between companies of different sizes. Because people who worked for small companies were less likely to be vaccinated, it will be necessary to enhance support of vaccination for this population in the event of future infectious disease outbreaks. <h3>Trial registration</h3> Not applicable.
THE NU SIGMA NU FRATERNITY—ITS MISSION IN THE MEDICAL PROFESSION.
Authors: JOHN L. IRWIN
Journal: JAMA (1895)

Next in organization and domain to that great institution whose power and influence are felt in every hamlet, on every shore, by every river of the habitable globe—the stupendous brotherhood of Masonry—is the secret order confined to the medical profession, the largest medical organization of its kind extant, the Grand Council of which, convening biennially, holds its thirteenth convention to-day with the University of Minnesota Chapter and fraters in the city of Minneapolis, to enact its laws as a central governing body having chapters in the leading medical universities. Laying claim to an origin at least coeval with the ancient Egyptian priesthood, and deriving its authority from an antiquity that was hoary when Christianity was born, it has nevertheless adapted itself to the needs of modern medicine; and at the close of this, the civilized nineteenth century, it was never so numerous or powerful as it is to-day in
The Syndrome of Central Cervical Soft Disk Herniation
Authors: Herbert Lourie
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Central herniation of soft disk material into the ventral epidural space is a relatively rare cause of cervical myelopathy. A history of significant antecedent trauma or pain is singularly absent in this syndrome. Spastic ataxia of gait and impaired pain and touch sensibility are the common neurological abnormalities. Typically, the myelopathy develops in the presence of a narrowed cervical spinal canal. The myelographic picture is diagnostic but may be misleading as to the exact level of the herniation. Anterior discectomy and fusion have given excellent relief of symptoms in this group of patients.
Smirking at Suicide
Authors: P. W. Van Metre
Journal: JAMA (1964)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> Someone should object to Dr. Ewalt's ("The Psychiatrist's View of Reaction to Stress,"<i>JAMA</i><b>187</b>, Jan 4, 1964, adv p 27) blithe brush-off of suicide as a "lasting solution [when] all other resources have failed." The concept of a material world as the only world is too naïve for a space-age scientist to promulgate with a smirk of pretended wisdom. Physical death is an end to a brief stay upon this mundane sphere, but only the beginning of the eons of eternity yet in store.
Krankheiten des Nervensystems
Authors: Victor A. McKusick
Journal: JAMA (1967)

P. E. Becker, director of the Institute for Human Genetics of Got tingen University in Germany, has edited a five-volume short handbook on the subject of his specialization. It is even more extensive than the funf  of the title might indicate, because it is planned that some of the Banden will actually be several books of 500 to 600 pages each. The presently reviewed book is the first part of the fifth volume, which deals with diseases of the nervous system. Becker, well known as a neurologist as well as a medical geneticist, writes chapters covering spinocerebellar ataxias, spastic spinal muscular atrophy and bulbar paralysis, and peripheral neuropathies. Gerhard Koch of the Institute for Human Genetics and Anthropology of Erlangen-Nurnberg University writes the remaining chapters—on diffuse scleroses, phakomatoses, syringomyelia, and disorders of the extrapyramidal system. The treatment is exhaustive, particularly in nosologic and genetic aspects. The literature references are
Estrogen Receptor Activity in Hodgkin's Disease
Authors: PARTHASARATHY NARASIMHAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

Letters and Corrections1 November 1981Estrogen Receptor Activity in Hodgkin's DiseasePARTHASARATHY NARASIMHAN, M.D.PARTHASARATHY NARASIMHAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-95-5-653_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: I was intrigued to read the brief report of a case of Hodgkin's disease (1) with high estrogen receptor activity, in which the cervical mass regressed with high-dose diethylstilbestrol (DES) but reappeared when the dose was reduced because of patient's anginal symptoms.Although the authors attempted to explain the possible mechanisms and thereby the benefits, they unfortunately overlooked our recent observation (2). We described three patients with prostatic carcinoma and associated chronic lymphatic leukemia of the B-cell type. When these patients were placed on DES, starting with 5 mg/d and maintained on only 1 mg/d, they all...References1. STARK J, LLOYD J, and SCHELLHAMMER P. Estrogen receptor activity in a case of Hodgkin's disease. Ann Intern Med. 1981;95:186-7. LinkGoogle Scholar2. NARASIMHAN P and AMARAL L. Lymphopenic response of patients presenting with chronic lymphocytic leukemia associated with carcinoma of the prostate to diethylstilbestrol. Hematol. 1980;8:369-75. Google Scholar3. ROSEN F. Immunodeficiency diseases. In: WILLIAMS WJ, BEUTLER E, ERSLEV AJ, RUNDLES RW, eds. Hematology. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company; 1977:978-88. Google Scholar4. WALDMANN T, BLAESE R, BRODER S, and KRAKAUER R. Disorders of suppressor immunoregulator cells in the pathogenesis of immunodeficiency and autoimmunity. Ann Intern Med. 1978;88:226-38. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: PARTHASARATHY NARASIMHAN, M.D.Affiliations: LaGuardia Hospital Forest Hills, NY 11375 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe emerging role of estrogen in B cell malignanciesPrimary breast lymphoma: An immunohistologic study of 20 new casesOestrogen receptor (ER) analysis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Correlation of biochemical and immunocytochemical methods 1 November 1981Volume 95, Issue 5Page: 653-653KeywordsB cellsEstrogensHodgkin lymphoma ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1981 PDF downloadLoading ...
Asthma guidelines: who is guiding whom and where to?
Authors: M G Pearson
Journal: Thorax (1993)

Asthma guidelines: who is guiding whom and where to?Asthma represents a huge clinical load for the health ser- vice.Up to 2 million adults (5%) and 1 million children (10%) in the United Kingdom have some degree of asth- ma.Over 90 000 are admitted to hospital each year for acute asthma and about 2000 die, of whom half are under 60 years of age.'As well as the direct costs to the health service of managing asthma, the morbidity causing
Access to Health Care for the Uninsured
Authors: Glen F. Aukerman
Journal: JAMA (1991)

INCREASINGLY concerned about the plight of the 37 million uninsured Americans, the American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) calls for Congress to enact legislation greatly expanding access to health insurance coverage through a plan that builds on the current private and public sector programs. While acknowledging that the present system is imperfect, the AAFP believes that the immediate concern is to provide access to health care for the uninsured while, at the same time, working toward reform of the US health care system. The AAFP plan would require employers to offer coverage to full-time workers and their dependents, substantially revise and expand the Medicaid program, and include a Medicaid buy-in for those without employer-based insurance. The total increase over current spending to implement the AAFP proposal is estimated at $18.3 billion, exclusive of administrative costs. During the past 2 years the problem of the approximately 31 to 37 million Americans
Pediatric Neurology: A Practitioner's Guide
Authors: Charles M. Poser
Journal: JAMA (1976)

The preface states quite clearly that "This book is designed to acquaint the family physician—the generalist—with the vast scope of problems in pediatric neurology...." This stated purpose is undoubtedly achieved, but, unfortunately, with a vengeance! There is a tremendous amount of material, much of it presented in telegraphic fashion, with helter-skelter organization and, most important, with remarkable lack of really practical guidelines or instructions for the generalist. Since the book is published by the Medical Examination Publishing Company, perhaps this volume would best be put in the hands of the pediatric neurologist preparing to take his Board examinations. To really digest this volume, the general practitioner would have to devote many hours of study and might very well find himself more confused than he was before. The very inclusiveness and comprehensiveness of the book is, in my opinion, self-defeating for its stated audience. It deals more enthusiastically with the very
THE HEART RATE RESPONSE TO ADENOSINE CAN RISK STRATIFY PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS UNDERGOING MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION IMAGING
Authors: Fadi G. Hage, Vikas Bhatia, Phillip Dean, Fahad Iqbal, Jaekyeong Heo, Ami E. Iskandrian
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2011)
Determinants of serum antipyrine half-lives in patients with liver disease
Authors: R. A. Branch, C. M. Herbert, A. E. Read
Journal: Gut (1973)

Antipyrine has been used as a model drug to investigate the effects of liver disease on drug metabolism in man. A prolongation in antipyrine half-life (T(1/2)) was found in patients with liver disease, patients with chronic liver disease showing a greater increase than those with acute, reversible pathology. The most marked prolongation in T(1/2) was found in association with hypoalbuminaemia and hypoprothrombinaemia, suggesting that the cause for these changes was defective protein synthesis of microsomal enzyme protein. This hypothesis was supported by demonstrating that enzyme-inducing agents, which are known to increase the amount of microsomal enzyme protein, reduced the antipyrine half-life.