tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
BULLET IN RIGHT SIDE OF HEART WITH UNUSUAL POINT OF ENTRANCE
Authors: W. M. Shaw
Journal: JAMA (1924)

A colored woman, aged 31, whose health was normal, was accidentally shot from a distance of 4 feet. The 0.22 caliber bullet penetrated the lateral margin of the right sternocleidomastoid muscle on the level of the upper border of the sixth cervical vertebrae. The patient did not know she had been shot until a few moments after hearing the explosion of the pistol, when she was surprised to find a small amount of blood trickling down her neck, and then to feel the entrance wound of the bullet. Although she had no discomfort of any kind, a physician was called, and, since he was unable to feel the bullet, he inserted a small wooden applicator in the wound, which did not cause any bleeding, but did not help to locate the bullet. Dressings were applied to the wound, and the patient was advised to have the bullet located by means
Abstract P6-11-10: Full-Oral, Metronomic Schedule of Vinorelbine (VNB) and Capecitabine (CAPE) in Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer (BC) Patients (Pts): A Single Institution, Dose-Finding Study
Authors: ME Cazzaniga, V Torri, F Villa, N Giuntini, A Zeppelini, D Cortinovis, P. Bidoli
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Choice of chemotherapy is a major problem in locally advanced (LABC) or metastatic BC pts already treated with anthracyclines and taxanes, or not suitable for these drugs. VNB and CAPE are two valid options, both tested as single agents or in combination in this setting of pts. Different studies have demonstrated that the metronomic treatment could achieve a significant rate of clinical response with an acceptable toxicity profile. Based on the results of metronomic Phase I/II trial, which fixed the dose of VNB at 60 mg/tot thrice a week and considering that the two drugs have a different safety profile, we designed a dose-finding study, aiming to determine the optimal dose of oral VNB in combination with CAPE, both administered in a metronomic way. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fixed dose of CAPE was 500 mg thrice a day, continuously. Level I dose of VNB was 20 mg/tot, three times a week for 3 weeks (1 cycle); subsequent cohorts started with 30 mg/tot Level II), 40 mg/tot (Level III) and 50 mg/tot (Level IV), respectively, if no Grade 3-4 toxicity was observed in the same dose level of the previous cohort. Results: Twelve consecutive pts were enrolled. Median age was 67.5 years (49-81), 4 pts were LABC or metastatic at diagnosis, HR status was positive in 11/12 pts (91.6%), 2 pts were HER2+ but could not or no longer receive antiHER2 agents due to cardiac failure. All pts but 2 (83.3%) received anthracyclines, taxanes or both. Mean number of metastatic sites was 3 (1-5). At the 50 mg level of dose, 1 pt developed G3 neurological toxicity during the 3rd week of cycle 1 and 1 pt G4 neutropenia in the 2nd week of cycle 2. No pts treated with the 40 mg level of dose experienced G3 toxicity. The Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) was fixed at 40 mg thrice a week. CONCLUSION: MTD of metronomic full-oral schedule of VNB in combination with fixed dose of CAPE was 40 mg thrice a week and was the recommended dose for the further ongoing Phase II study. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-11-10.
Identification of a new HBV variant, presenting two stop codons in precore and a deletion in pre-S2 regions, in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: G. Raimondo, S. Camoo, V. Saedila, G. Rodino, S. Brancatelli, M.A. Sardo, M. Pernica, G. Longo, G. Squadrito
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1991)
Empyema of the Pleura.
Authors: W. F. Hagaman
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Norwood, La., June 17, 1906. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —InThe Journal, June 10, page 1895, I notice that Braun, in his lecture, says that he does not think that simple puncture and aspiration will effect a cure in all cases of empyema in the pleura, and that he favors resection, etc. Regarding aspiration, he is certainly right, for it will not cure in any case. If the diagnosis is made promptly, i. e., within the first week or ten days, a simple incision under local anesthesia in the intercostal space with drainage will cure without the necessity of resection. Of course, if days or weeks elapse after the formation of pus, or if the patient is tuberculous, even after resection the prognosis is unfavorable. The aspirating needle has only one place here, and that is for purpose of diagnosis, after hich the needle should not be withdrawn, but should be
How Best to Train Physician-Managers
Authors: Randolph W. Lievertz
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> In the April 3, 1987, issue, Dr Henry<sup>1</sup>makes an interesting point concerning the MD-MBA dual degree. I would like to add to his discussion my belief that physicians who become physician-executives should be required to have a minimum of five years of community practice experience. My reason for this belief is that we currently have many physicians in administrative and regulatory capacities who lack such experience. Some of these physicians have gone directly out of medical school or residency into an administrative or regulatory post. A few of these physicians have had some academic experience before assuming their administrative or regulatory role. The problem with these physicians is that they do not have an intimate understanding of the problems faced in community practice. Since community practice far outweighs academic practice in terms of the total number of patients served and since community practice presents many
SIDS: is it increasing?
Authors: R. C. Nelson
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent article by Khoury et al<sup>1</sup>provides death certificate data that show a dramatic increase in the reported rates of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) for both blacks and whites, beginning in the 1960s. The authors postulate that all or part of this reported increase may be due to changes in the<i>International Classification of Diseases, Adapted</i>coding schema and/or artifacts of registration. Two population-based studies of SIDS have been conducted by investigators at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (R.C.N., unpublished data, January 1966 to December 1981 ).<sup>2</sup>In both studies, for all cases of infant neonatal and postneonatal mortality, death certificates were linked to medical records and autopsy protocols (the overall autopsy rate was 83%). Case ascertainment was complete and diagnoses were verified by exclusion. The annual incidence rate of SIDS for Olmsted County, Minnesota, for the time frame 1946 to 1965 was 1.2
Fine Mapping and Candidate Gene Analyses of <i>Pulmonary Adenoma Resistance 1</i>, a Major Genetic Determinant of Mouse Lung Adenoma Resistance
Authors: Min Wang, Zhongqiu Zhang, Zhuo Zhang, Haris Vikis, Ying Yan, Yian Wang, Ming You
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

Pulmonary adenoma resistance 1 (Par1) is a major genetic determinant of mouse lung adenoma resistance. Although Par1 was previously mapped to mouse chromosome 11 by conventional linkage analyses, its candidate region was broad and undefined. In our present study, we generated Par1 congenic mice using two mouse strains A/J (Par1/-) and Mus spretus (Par1/+). Analyzing these congenic mice enabled us to fine map the Par1 quantitative trait loci (QTL) into a 2.0-cM (2.2 Mb) chromosomal region between genetic marker D11Mit70 and the gene Hoxb9. We then conducted systematic candidate gene screening through nucleotide polymorphism and expression analyses. Genes showing differential lung tissue expression or carrying nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified and discussed. In particular, we evaluated tumor suppressor gene Tob1 for its Par1 candidacy. Our findings have narrowed the Par1 QTL region and will greatly facilitate the identification of the major genetic determinant of mouse lung adenoma resistance.
PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF SMALLPOX.AN ANALYSIS OF OVER TWO THOUSAND CASES AND OF FIFTY AUTOPSIES.
Authors: NELSON D. BRAYTON
Journal: JAMA (1903)

<h3>CLASSIFICATION.</h3> It is not my intention to discuss in detail the problem of the pathology of smallpox, but only to utilize in so far as practical the knowledge acquired by personal observation and autopsy in the treatment of this disease. The subject of the pathology of smallpox is in itself one of large scope and bearing, and worthy of single effort, Inasmuch as the tendency of medicine at the present day is to build the treatment of disease on the knowledge acquired of anatomic defects, it seems consistent to group the two headings. The pathology of smallpox comprises at least three distinct considerations: First, the conditions arising from the poisonous influences of the variolous contagion itself (mainly purely speculative and relating to black smallpox). Second, the conditions arising from the maturation stage; and third, the incidental complications and sequelæ. In the latter class are considered boils, abscesses, phlegmonous conditions, erysipelas,
PF-4/CXCL4 and CXCL4L1 exhibit distinct subcellular localization and a differentially regulated mechanism of secretion
Authors: Laura Lasagni, Renaud Grepin, Benedetta Mazzinghi, Elena Lazzeri, Claudia Meini, Costanza Sagrinati, Francesco Liotta, Francesca Frosali, Elisa Ronconi, Nathalie Alain-Courtois, Lara Ballerini, Giuseppe Stefano Netti, Enrico Maggi, Francesco Annunziato, Mario Serio, Sergio Romagnani, Andreas Bikfalvi, Paola Romagnani
Journal: Blood (2007)
Environmental risks of breast cancer remain uncertain
Authors: B. Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Women may be able to reduce their risk of breast cancer by minimising exposure to environmental risk factors, but incomplete data and interactions with genetic susceptibility make it difficult to quantify the effect for individual women, concludes a new report from the US Institute of Medicine. The 364 page review of the evidence was commissioned by the breast cancer charity Susan G Komen for the Cure and released on 7 December at the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium. The strongest evidence for reducing environmental risks is for women to:
Complex formation of platelet thrombospondin with fibrinogen.
Authors: L L Leung, R L Nachman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1982)

Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we have demonstrated that purified human fibrinogen forms a complex with adsorbed platelet thrombospondin. The formation of the fibrinogen-thrombospondin complex was specific, saturable, and partially inhibited by mannosamine, glucosamine, and arginine. These same inhibitors have been previously shown to block thrombin-induced platelet lectin activity and platelet thrombospondin lectin activity. Adsorbed thrombospondin also formed a complex with fibronectin, although the extent of complex formation was significantly less than the extent of formation of the fibrinogen-thrombospondin complex. Platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb and IIIa, which have been previously shown to bind fibrinogen, did not inhibit the formation of the fibrinogen-thrombospondin complex. The present study supports the hypothesis that the interaction of fibrinogen with thrombospondin on the activated platelet surface may be an important step in the platelet aggregation process.
Reduction of contact activation related fibrinolytic activity in factor XII deficient patients. Further evidence for the role of the contact system in fibrinolysis in vivo.
Authors: M Levi, C E Hack, J P de Boer, D P Brandjes, H R Büller, J W ten Cate
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1991)

In this study the contribution of activation of the contact system to activation of the fibrinolytic system in vivo was investigated in healthy volunteers and in factor XII deficient patients. The plasminogen activating activity in plasma from healthy volunteers after infusion of desamino D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) was only partially blocked (for 77%) with specific antibodies to tissue-type plasminogen activator and urokinase type plasminogen activator. The residual activity could be quenched by a monoclonal antibody that inhibits factor XII activity and was not present in patients with a factor XII deficiency. The formation of plasmin upon the DDAVP stimulus as reflected by circulating plasmin-alpha 2-antiplasmin complexes was lower in factor XII deficient patients than in healthy volunteers. Activation of the contact system occurred after DDAVP infusion in healthy volunteers and was absent in factor XII deficient patients. These results indicate that DDAVP induces a plasminogen activating activity that is partially dependent on activation of the contact system and that contributes to the overall fibrinolytic activity as indicated by the formation of plasmin-alpha 2-antiplasmin complexes. This fibrinolytic activity is impaired in factor XII deficient patients which may explain the occurrence of thromboembolic complications in these patients.
Audit and research.
Authors: R. Smith
Journal: BMJ (1992)

Sheldrick et al have shown that about one person out of every 1000 consults for refractive problems each year.' Currently most refractive problems are dealt with by optometric services.With corneal laser surgery, however, the treatment of myopia,8 hyperopia, and astigmatism could become the responsibility of ophthalmologists."'When these new techniques have been perfected the NHS will have to decide whether to provide them for patients-at a cost of about £200000 per machine.
Frontal-Sinus Surgery
Authors: Robert L. Goodale
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1963)

IN 1946 the late Dr. H. P. Mosher in his lecture, "My Milestones,"1 reviewed the situation as it then existed and summarized the various technics then used in frontal-sinus surgery. He commented, "during my term at the Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, the frontal sinus operations by various members of the staff including my own, were the least satisfactory of all of the sinus operations."At that time the standard procedures were directed toward providing drainage from the frontal sinus, either by an intranasal anterior ethmoidectomy and amputation of the anterior tip of the middle turbinate, if the obstruction to . . .
A quarter of preventable diseases are environmentally caused
Authors: J. Hamilton
Journal: BMJ (1997)

A quarter of preventable ill health worldwide is due to environmental factors, concludes a World Health Organisation report launched to coincide with last month's conference looking at progress since the earth summit of 1992 at Rio de Janeiro.

Health and Environment in Sustainable Development: Five Years After the Earth Summit is a comprehensive report analysing trends in health and environment issues from the early 1970s to the …
Evidence for Intercellular Trafficking of VP22 in Living Cells
Authors: Marie-Luise Lemken, Claudia Wolf, Wolfgang A Wybranietz, Ulrike Schmidt, Irina Smirnow, Hans-Joerg Bühring, Andreas F Mack, Ulrich M Lauer, Michael Bitzer
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2007)

The intercellular trafficking property of the herpes simplex virus type 1 tegument protein VP22 makes it a promising tool for overcoming low transduction efficiencies in gene therapy. However, recent reports suggest not only that VP22 cannot facilitate intercellular spreading and that trafficking of VP22 fusion proteins results from artifacts of cell fixation only. To provide direct evidence for the presence or absence of VP22-mediated intercellular trafficking, we generated an adenoviral vector with a dual expression cassette for VP22 fused to green fluorescent protein (VP22 GFP) and DsRed under the control of distinct human cytomegalovirus immediate-early enhancer/promoter regions. Using this vector, we were able to distinguish clearly between primary transduced cells and cells taking up VP22GFP by intercellular trafficking. To our knowledge, for the first time, we could demonstrate by live-cell confocal fluorescence microscopy that VP22GFP can be found intracellularly in unfixed recipient cells. The extent of VP22 spread was similar in paraformaldehyde-fixed cells and unfixed cells as demonstrated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. We thus confirmed the ability of VP22-mediated intercellular trafficking in live unfixed cells.
Psychiatric Treatment of Adolescents
Authors: M. Capes
Journal: BMJ (1965)

MEDIBALJOURNAimann's3 figures are correct, which give an expectancy rate for schizophrenia in the normal population as 0.85%, then the chances are that many of these patients who crowd the hospital departments and general prac- titioners' surgeries are ambulatory schizo- phrenics and help continue " the health service handicap."With better research and diagnostic facilities we might not have to say " hypochondriasis has a poor prognosis."-I am, etc.,
Smoking interferes with therapy of RA and PsA, induces chemotaxis and impairs vascular function in RA
Authors: L. C. Harty, J. McCormick, M. Connolly, U. Fearon, D. J. Veale
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2011)

<h3>Background</h3> Smoking tobacco confers a &gt;40 RR of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We investigated the clinical effect of cigarette9s in vivo on the therapy of RA and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and on the function of the vascular and immune compartments both in vivo in active RA/PsA patients and in vitro. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> A prospective longitudinal database of RA/PsA anti TNFα treated patients was compiled (n=708). Patients with inflammatory arthritis (RA/PsA) were grouped as ever smokers (n=435, current and ex-smokers) and never smokers (n=273). Synovial tissue biopsies, synovial fluid and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from patients with active RA/PsA at arthroscopy (n=19). Clinical measures of disease activity were obtained and serum cytokine profiles (Ang2, IL1β, IFNγ, TNFα, IL6, MIP1α) were quantified by multiarray and specific ELISA. Whole tissue synovial explants, PBMCs and endothelial cells (EC) were exposed to range 1–10% cigarette smoke extract (CSE) for 24hrs. Cell proliferation was assessed by a crystal violet assay. EC tube formation was assessed using matrigel angiogenic assays. Cytoskeletal rearrangement was assessed using immunofluorescent staining for filamentous actin (F-actin). Monocyte migration was assessed using an invasion and migration assay. <h3>Results</h3> 60% of patients in our database are ever smokers (63% in subanalysis). Ever smokers have a 1.5 RR of failing at least one anti TNFα and DMARD agent compared to never smokers. Current smokers have on average 1 more swollen and tender joint at 12 months compared to never smokers. Ever smokers have higher serum levels of MIP1α (p&lt;0.05, r=.586) in vivo and CSE induces monocyte migration in vitro in a dose dependent manner. Ever smokers express less Ang 2 in their serum (p&lt;0.05, r= −0.414) and synovial fluid. In vitro stimulation of EC with CSE results in neo-angiogenesis (p&lt;0.01) and induces disassembly of EC F-actin cytoskeleton where filopodia protrusion and membrane ruffling occur with increasing CSE. In vitro exposure of RA synovial explants and PBMCs to 1–10% CSE had no effect on cytokine secretion. No effect was observed on EC proliferation. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our results suggest that smoking interferes with normal vascular function and induces monocyte chemotaxis which together may conspire to prompt egress of immune cells to the synovium in RA and PsA and so result in synovitis. These findings may explain the gene environment interaction between smoking and the shared epitope that results in RA and may explain why smokers have more persistent disease than non-smokers.
Allometric departures for the human brain provide insights into hominid brain evolution
Authors: James K. Rilling
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

Researchers studying primate brain allometry often focus on departures from allometry more than the allometric relationships themselves because only the former reveal what brain regions and behavioral-cognitive abilities were the focus of selection. Allometric departures for the human brain provide insights into hominid brain evolution and cast doubt on the suggestion that the large human cerebral cortex is a "spandrel."
Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders during Pregnancy
Authors: Todd H. Baron
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1993)

Purpose: To review the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal motility disorders during pregnancy, their clinical manifestations, and their management. Data Sources: Studies published from 1963 to 1992 identified by computerized literature searches of Index Medicus and MEDLINE; hand searches; contact with pharmaceutical representatives for information on drug therapy during pregnancy; and selected texts on drugs and obstetrics. Study Selection: Selected studies were those involving controlled design of physiology related to pregnancy or to hormonal effects on the gastrointestinal tract or both, and clinical studies or previous reviews that contributed to the understanding of the gastrointestinal effects of pregnancy. Data Extraction: Data concerning the epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestations, and complications of altered gastrointestinal motility during pregnancy as well as the strength of association between gastrointestinal disorders of pregnancy and hormonal changes were evaluated and used to develop a practical approach to evaluate and manage these patients. Results of Data Synthesis: Effects on the gastrointestinal tract during pregnancy are caused primarily by hormonal changes and not the physical effects of the gravid uterus. Motility changes occur throughout the gastrointestinal tract, including a reduction in lower esophageal sphincter pressure and its physiologic function with resulting gastroesophageal reflux and the risk for aspiration; alterations in gastric motor function associated with nausea and vomiting; and a decrease in the rate of small-bowel and colonic transit manifested primarily as abdominal bloating and constipation. These effects are mediated by progesterone, with estrogen probably acting as a primer. Conclusions: Given the large number of pregnancies each year complicated by gastrointestinal motility disorders, many physicians (including internists and gastroenterologists) must manage these problems. Knowledge of the underlying physiologic alterations in gastrointestinal motility during pregnancy and of safe treatment options is essential to the care of the pregnant patient.
Fringe Medicine — A Versatile Profession — Believers and Unbelievers
Authors: John Lister
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1961)

UNORTHODOX methods of healing have long been practiced and their exponents have often enriched themselves at the expense of a credulous public. It is easy to understand how such methods should flourish before the days of scientific medicine, and in the eighteenth century there were a number of notorious and successful quacks who practiced in this country. Three of the best known, Chevalier Taylor, Spot Ward and Crazy Sally Mapp, were depicted in a famous cartoon by Hogarth entitled "The Arms of the Honourable Company of Undertakers." Taylor was a self-styled specialist who traveled the country as an "Ophthalmiater, . . .