tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Tumor-Driven Evolution of Immunosuppressive Networks during Malignant Progression
Authors: Ryungsa Kim, Manabu Emi, Kazuaki Tanabe, Koji Arihiro
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

Abstract Tumors evolve mechanisms to escape immune control by a process called immune editing, which provides a selective pressure in the tumor microenvironment that could lead to malignant progression. A variety of tumor-derived factors contribute to the emergence of complex local and regional immunosuppressive networks, including vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin-10, transforming growth factor-β, prostaglandin E2, and soluble phosphatidylserine, soluble Fas, soluble Fas ligand, and soluble MHC class I–related chain A proteins. Although deposited at the primary tumor site, these secreted factors could extend immunosuppressive effects into the local lymph nodes and the spleen, promoting invasion and metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factors play a key role in recruiting immature myeloid cells from the bone marrow to enrich the microenvironment as tumor-associated immature dendritic cells and tumor-associated macrophages. The understanding of the immunosuppressive networks that evolve is incomplete, but several features are emerging. Accumulation of tumor-associated immature dendritic cells may cause roving dendritic cells and T cells to become suppressed by the activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and arginase I by tumor-derived growth factors. Soluble phosphatidylserines support tumor-associated macrophages by stimulating the release of anti-inflammatory mediators that block antitumor immune responses. Soluble Fas, soluble FasL, and soluble MHC class I–related chain A proteins may help tumor cells escape cytolysis by cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells, possibly by counterattacking immune cells and causing their death. In summary, tumor-derived factors drive the evolution of an immunosuppressive network which ultimately extends immune evasion from the primary tumor site to peripheral sites in patients with cancer. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(11): 5527-36)
CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE ENLARGEMENTS OF LYMPH GLANDS
Authors: C. H. Bunting
Journal: JAMA (1925)

ABSTRACT To the Editor: —I note with interest in the February 28 issue of The Journal that Brill, Baehr and Rosenthal have described  hitherto undescribed type of generalized giant lymph follicle hyperplasia of lymph nodes and spleen.Without desiring to enter any claim of priority, I wish to call attention to the fact that in 1916 I presented to the Association of American Physicians on behalf of Dr. J. L. Yates and myself a paper entited Leukaemia, Pseudoleukaemia (Aleukaemia) and Hodgkin's Disease, in which the pathologic lesion in question is described under the suggested name lymphoblastic aleukemia (Tr. Am. Phys. 31:168, 1916; Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 28:151 [April] 1917) in these words:In the second main group of cases we find a large-celled proliferation infiltrating the whole gland. This apparently begins with a marked proliferation of the large cells of the germinal centers, a proliferation which is atypical
ANTITUBERCULOUS IMMUNITY INDUCED IN MICE BY VACCINATION WITH KILLED TUBERCLE BACILLI OR WITH A SOLUBLE BACILLARY EXTRACT
Authors: David W. Weiss, René J. Dubos
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1955)

It proved possible to increase the resistance of mice to tuberculous infection by vaccinating them with a suspension of avirulent tubercle bacilli killed by exposure to 2 per cent phenol. This increase in resistance was demonstrated by two different techniques: (a) observation of survival time of vaccinated animals following challenge infection with a large dose of virulent bacilli, and (b) determination of numbers of virulent bacilli in the spleens of animals 2 weeks after injection of a small infective dose. The minimum protective dose of vaccine corresponded to approximately one-tenth the acutely toxic dose. Addition of an adjuvant to the bacillary suspension markedly increased both the protective effectiveness of the vaccine and the duration of the immunity. It enhanced also the toxicity of the vaccine in approximately the same proportion. However, other lines of evidence suggested that toxicity and protective activity were independent one from the other and were the manifestations of different bacillary constituents. Extraction with absolute methanol released from the bacillary bodies a crude soluble fraction possessing low, if any, toxicity, yet capable of eliciting in mice a state of increased resistance to virulent infection. The protective activity of this methanol-soluble fraction was low; it accounted for only a small part of the total protective activity of the original material.
Book Review Neck and Back Pain: The Scientific Evidence of Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment Edited by Alf L. Nachemson and Egon Jonsson. 495 pp. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins, 2000. $89. 0-7817-2760-X
Authors: Gunnar B.J. Andersson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)
Ron receptor regulates Kupffer cell-dependent cytokine production and hepatocyte survival following endotoxin exposure in mice
Authors: William D. Stuart, Rishikesh M. Kulkarni, Jerilyn K. Gray, Juozas Vasiliauskas, Mike A. Leonis, Susan E. Waltz
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Abstract Previous studies demonstrated that targeted deletion of the Ron receptor tyrosine kinase (TK) domain in mice leads to marked hepatocyte protection in a well-characterized model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute liver failure in D-galactosamine (GalN)-sensitized mice. Hepatocyte protection in TK−/− mice was observed despite paradoxically elevated serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). To understand the role of Ron in the liver, purified populations of Kupffer cells and hepatocytes from wildtype (TK+/+) and TK−/− mice were studied. Utilizing quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we demonstrated that Ron is expressed in these cell types. Moreover, we also recapitulated the protected hepatocyte phenotype and exaggerated cytokine production observed in the TK−/− mice in vivo through the use of purified cultured cells ex vivo . We show that isolated TK−/− Kupffer cells produce increased levels of TNF-α and select cytokines compared to TK+/+ cells following LPS stimulation. We also show that conditioned media from LPS-treated TK−/− Kupffer cells was more toxic to hepatocytes than control media, suggesting the exaggerated levels of cytokines produced from the TK−/− Kupffer cells are detrimental to wildtype hepatocytes. In addition, we observed that TK−/− hepatocytes were more resistant to cell death compared to TK+/+ hepatocytes, suggesting that Ron functions in both the epithelial and inflammatory cell compartments to regulate acute liver injury. These findings were confirmed in vivo in mice with hepatocyte and macrophage cell-type-specific conditional Ron deletions. Mice with Ron loss selectively in hepatocytes exhibited less liver damage and increased survival compared to mice with Ron loss in macrophages. Conclusion: We dissected cell-type-specific roles for Ron such that this receptor modulates cytokine production from Kupffer cells and inhibits hepatocyte survival in response to injury. (Hepatology 2011;)
NONINVASIVE ESTIMATION OF CARDIAC PROPERTIES IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION USING SPECKLE TRACKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN GOOD AND POOR CONTROLLED HYPERTENSION
Authors: Hirotaka Miwa, Masanori Kawasaki, Michael Zile, Ryuhei Tanaka, Takashi Kato, Koji Ono, Takatomo Watanabe, Yoshiaki Goto, Makoto Iwama, Takeshi Hirose, Masazumi Arai, Toshiyuki Noda, Sachiro Watanabe, Shinya Minatoguchi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
A Sudden Change in Vision
Authors: Grace Emerson Terrell
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

On Being a Doctor21 October 2003A Sudden Change in VisionGrace Emerson Terrell, MD, MMMGrace Emerson Terrell, MD, MMMFrom Cornerstone Health Care, PA, High Point, NC 27262.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-8-200310210-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail My first emotion was irritation. It was Friday afternoon around 5 o'clock, and it had been a particularly busy week. I still needed to make rounds at the hospital on a couple of inpatients, but I had finally finished the afternoon clinic. I was within an hour or so of finishing my work for the week. Then I would have a whole weekend off to relax, recover, and play with my kids. I finished reviewing all the lab reports and phone messages and was heading out the door. Then one of the nurses brought me one more patient message to ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Cornerstone Health Care, PA, High Point, NC 27262.Corresponding Author: Grace E. Terrell, MD, MMM, Suite 200-E, 624 Quaker Lane, High Point, NC 27262; e-mail, Grace.[email protected]com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 October 2003Volume 139, Issue 8Page: 699-700KeywordsAnxietyChartsDyspneaEmotionsMigraineNursesTechniciansTransient ischemic attacksTriageVision ePublished: 21 October 2003 Issue Published: 21 October 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
In the Spotlight: Bioinformatics
Authors: May Dongmei Wang
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2012)

During 2012, next generation sequencing (NGS) has attracted great attention in the biomedical research community, especially for personalized medicine. Also, third generation sequencing has become available. Therefore, state-of-art sequencing technology and analysis are reviewed in this Bioinformatics spotlight on 2012. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is high-throughput nucleic acid sequencing technology with wide dynamic range and single base resolution. The full promise of NGS depends on the optimization of NGS platforms, sequence alignment and assembly algorithms, data analytics, novel algorithms for integrating NGS data with existing genomic, proteomic, or metabolomic data, and quantitative assessment of NGS technology in comparing to more established technologies such as microarrays. NGS technology has been predicated to become a cornerstone of personalized medicine. It is argued that NGS is a promising field for motivated young researchers who are looking for opportunities in bioinformatics.
Waiting time for cardiac surgery in Scotland is relatively short
Authors: G. Liratsopulos
Journal: BMJ (2000)

EDITOR—According to the results of Pell et al's study,1 the main reason why patients from lower socioeconomic groups are disadvantaged is because their cases are characterised as urgent less frequently than are those of affluent patients. Theoretically this effect is maximised the longer the waiting time; when waiting …
Tunable Mechanical Properties of Ultrasmall Peptide Hydrogels by Crosslinking and Functionalization to Achieve the 3D Distribution of Cells
Authors: Wei Yang Seow, Charlotte A. E. Hauser
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2013)

A disulfide-crosslinked hydrogel made from ultrasmall peptides is introduced. Crosslinked gels are more elastic and better able to maintain shape integrity. Using facile chemistry, RGD (or other bioactive signals) can be conjugated onto the peptide fibers. Gels formed are biocompatible and support the three-dimensional distribution of cells. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Drug-Induced Esophagitis-Reply
Authors: Thomas D. Spera
Journal: JAMA (1985)

In Reply.—  Cromolyn-induced esophagitis was reported as a case report by Israel and Wood.1The case involved a 53-year-old woman with a long history of extrinsic asthma. The patient repeatedly developed substernal pain 15 minutes after cromolyn inhalation therapy, which was quickly relieved with antacid therapy, and later prevented by pretreatment with antacids before inhalation therapy. The presumed etiology was irritant-induced esophagitis after mucociliary clearing of unabsorbed drug. We did not mean to imply that cromolyn-induced esophagitis is common, merely that it has been reported. The same authors also mention a case of cromolyn-induced gastroenteritis reported by Settipane et al.2Cromolyn capsules have also been reported to produce pharyngitis, presumably from local irritant effect.  We regret not mentioning theophylline-induced esophagitis, as reported by Enzenauer et al. The case report demonstrates a strong temporal relation between a swallowed tablet caught in the esophagus and severe retrosternal pain developing the
Pathophysiology of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kenneth I. Shine, Alan M. Fogelman, Albert A. Kattus, Gerald D. Buckberg, Jan H. Tillisch
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Primary prevention of death from ischemic heart disease requires further understanding of the pathogenesis of this disorder. Cellular defects of cholesterol metabolism may be more significant markers than serum lipid levels for the identification and treatment of atherosclerotic risk. Coronary spasm has been shown to be an important cause of ischemia in the presence and absence of atherosclerotic lesions. Careful manipulation of physiologic variables with vasodilator agents during cardiopulmonary bypass can substantially alter the myocardial oxygen supply-demand relation, thereby minimizing ischemic injury. The cellular basis for loss of mechanical function during ischemia and the factors that determine irreversible injury are yet unknown.
Prostate cancer screening reduces deaths
Authors: F. B Charatan
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Routine screening for prostate cancer would significantly reduce mortality, according to the first large scale randomised trial.

Professor Fernand Labrie from Laval University in Quebec presented the trial's results at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology in Los Angeles last week. More than 46000 men aged between 45 and 80 years were randomly allocated to be screened or to receive no screening (standard medical practice). Men were invited by letter for screening.

At the first visit all the men in the screening group …
Effects of Adenosine and a Selective A2A Adenosine Receptor Agonist on Hemodynamic and Thallium-201 and Technetium-99m–SestaMIBI Biodistribution and Kinetics
Authors: Choukri Mekkaoui, Farid Jadbabaie, Donald P. Dione, David F. Meoli, Kailasnath Purushothaman, Luiz Belardinelli, Albert J. Sinusas
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2009)
Physical Therapy and Psychic Influence
Authors: Tom A. Williams
Journal: JAMA (1913)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —There is need of commentary on certain remarks reported in the discussion on Dr. Philip Marvel's paper on physical therapeutics,The Journal, Sept. 7, 1912, p. 757. It is there said: "Remedial agents other than drugs . . . are of value from the standpoint of psychotherapeutics, the influence of mind over disease. They enable us to impress on the patient the fact that we have a knowledge of many methods of treating disease. Again, these various treatments interest the patient This meets competition by quacks, or those who are not considered quacks but irregular practitioners, who know little medicine but understand human nature. When you order for your patient medicine in a glass of water and tell him to take a teaspoonful every few minutes, the patient is then made to do something for himself. A regular practitioner too often orders for his patient a certain drug and tells
The Effect of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on Perioperative Outcomes in Patients Who Have Bladder Cancer Treated with Radical Cystectomy: A Population-based Study
Authors: Giorgio Gandaglia, Ioana Popa, Firas Abdollah, Jonas Schiffmann, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Alberto Briganti, Francesco Montorsi, Quoc-Dien Trinh, Pierre I. Karakiewicz, Maxine Sun
Journal: European Urology (2014)
Gene Transfer Methods for CNS Organotypic Cultures: A Comparison of Three Nonviral Methods
Authors: Robert C. Murphy, Anne Messer
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2001)

Organotypic slice cultures from postnatal day 12 mouse cerebellum were transfected using three nonviral methods: biolistics (gene gun), lipotransfection, and electroporation. The plasmid transferred, pHD17-25Q-GFP, encoded a fusion protein with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) component. Optimal conditions for both lipotransfection and electroporation are the same as those previously found in live animal models. Electroporation (26 ± 6) and biolistics (34 ± 4.4) provide a better rate of transfer than lipotransfection (15 ± 2.2) in slice cultures and are comparable to each other. Each of the transfer methods produced positive signals in a heterogeneous population of glial and neuronal cells. These data provide a base for optimal transfection of slice cultures, allowing the development of therapeutic constructs, and support the idea that successful refinement of nonviral delivery methods for in vivo use is possible using brain slice cultures.
Metabolite profiling of human colon carcinoma – deregulation of TCA cycle and amino acid turnover
Authors: Carsten Denkert, Jan Budczies, Wilko Weichert, Gert Wohlgemuth, Martin Scholz, Tobias Kind, Silvia Niesporek, Aurelia Noske, Anna Buckendahl, Manfred Dietel, Oliver Fiehn
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2008)

Apart from genetic alterations, development and progression of colorectal cancer has been linked to influences from nutritional intake, hyperalimentation, and cellular metabolic changes that may be the basis for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. However, in contrast to genomics and proteomics, comprehensive metabolomic investigations of alterations in malignant tumors have rarely been conducted. In this study we investigated a set of paired samples of normal colon tissue and colorectal cancer tissue with gas-chromatography time-of-flight mass-spectrometry, which resulted in robust detection of a total of 206 metabolites. Metabolic phenotypes of colon cancer and normal tissues were different at a Bonferroni corrected significance level of p = 0.00170 and p = 0.00005 for the first two components of an unsupervised PCA analysis. Subsequent supervised analysis found 82 metabolites to be significantly different at p < 0.01. Metabolites were connected to abnormalities in metabolic pathways by a new approach that calculates the distance of each pair of metabolites in the KEGG database interaction lattice. Intermediates of the TCA cycle and lipids were found down-regulated in cancer, whereas urea cycle metabolites, purines, pyrimidines and amino acids were generally found at higher levels compared to normal colon mucosa. This study demonstrates that metabolic profiling facilitates biochemical phenotyping of normal and neoplastic colon tissue at high significance levels and points to GC-TOF-based metabolomics as a new method for molecular pathology investigations.
Erythroid Hypoplasia in Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Fred Rosner
Journal: JAMA (1986)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The recent article by Mills<sup>1</sup>on sickle cell disease repeatedly uses the phrase "aplastic crisis." This frequently used phrase is a misnomer since only erythroid hypoplasia occurs. The author himself acknowledges that "the reticulocyte count is very low, usually with no accompanying neutropenia or thrombocytopenia," and the bone marrow aspirate shows "marked hypoplasia of the erythroid cell line" with preservation of other marrow precursors. An erythroid aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease, mostly reversible with proper treatment, should not be confused with aplastic anemia. The latter is a very serious disorder associated with profound pancytopenia and an often fatal outcome despite the best treatment efforts.
What is and what is not a polyclinic
Authors: Nigel Higson
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<b>Aim:</b> to conduct a comparative analysis of the fractional exhaled NO level (FeNO) in permanent residents of the low altitude(LA) and high altitude (HA) of Kyrgyzstan. <b>Methods and Materials:</b> 675 permanent residents of HA (mean age-41.05±14.4 years, mean body mass index-24.9±4.8 kg/m2), living at an altitude of 3000 m above sea level: 514 women (76.15%) and 161 men(23.85%) and 551 permanent residents of LA (mean age-47.6±14.1 years, mean BMI-24.9±4.8 kg/m2) living at an altitude of 800 m above sea level: 460 women (83.49%) and 91 men (16.51 %). The study included a clinical examination, anthropometry (weight and height), two-dimensional and color Doppler echocardiography and measurement of the FeNO. Measurement of systolic PAP was carried out non-invasively by echocardiography. The measurement of FeNO was performed six times for each subject with taking their average values. A comparative analysis of highlanders(HL) and lowlanders(LL) revealed a statistically significantly higher of FeNO level in LL compared with HL. Meanwhile the level of SPAP in HL was significantly higher compared with lowlanders. <b>Conclusion:</b> the residents of the LA revealed a significantly higher level of FeNO compared with the residents of the HA.
Placental Mitochondrial DNA Content and Particulate Air Pollution during <i>in Utero</i> Life
Authors: Bram G. Janssen, Elke Munters, Nicky Pieters, Karen Smeets, Bianca Cox, Ann Cuypers, Frans Fierens, Joris Penders, Jaco Vangronsveld, Wilfried Gyselaers, Tim S. Nawrot
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Studies emphasize the importance of particulate matter (PM) in the formation of reactive oxygen species and inflammation. We hypothesized that these processes can influence mitochondrial function of the placenta and fetus.We investigated the influence of PM₁₀ exposure during pregnancy on the mitochondrial DNA content (mtDNA content) of the placenta and umbilical cord blood.DNA was extracted from placental tissue (n = 174) and umbilical cord leukocytes (n = 176). Relative mtDNA copy numbers (i.e., mtDNA content) were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Multiple regression models were used to link mtDNA content and in utero exposure to PM₁₀ over various time windows during pregnancy.In multivariate-adjusted analysis, a 10-µg/m³ increase in PM₁₀ exposure during the last month of pregnancy was associated with a 16.1% decrease [95% confidence interval (CI): -25.2, -6.0%, p = 0.003] in placental mtDNA content. The corresponding effect size for average PM₁₀ exposure during the third trimester was 17.4% (95% CI: -31.8, -0.1%, p = 0.05). Furthermore, we found that each doubling in residential distance to major roads was associated with an increase in placental mtDNA content of 4.0% (95% CI: 0.4, 7.8%, p = 0.03). No association was found between cord blood mtDNA content and PM₁₀ exposure.Prenatal PM₁₀ exposure was associated with placental mitochondrial alterations, which may both reflect and intensify oxidative stress production. The potential health consequences of decreased placental mtDNA content in early life must be further elucidated.
Role of small-conductance calcium-dependent K+ channels in nitric oxide (NO)-mediated aortic hyporeactivity to vasoconstrictors in rats with cirrhosis
Authors: E. Barriere, K.A. Tazi, F. Pessione, J. Heller, O. Poirel, D. Lebrec, R. Moreau
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2001)