tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Atlas of the Visible Human Male: Reverse Engineering of the Human Body
Authors: Stanley W. Jacob
Journal: JAMA (1997)

<b>Interactive Atlas of Human Anatomy</b>, by Frank Netter, one CD-ROM, requirements: Windows 3.1: IBM-compatible, 486, Windows 3.1 or higher, 4MB RAM, 4MB available hard disk space, 13-in VGA monitor with 256 colors at 640x480 resolution, CD-ROM drive; Macintosh: System 6.0.8 or later with 68020 processor, 4MB RAM, 13-in color monitor with 256 colors minimum at 640x480, CD-ROM drive, documentation: 24-pp user's guide, $99.95, ISBN 0-914168-21-5, Summit, NJ, Ciba-Geigy Corp, 1995. The Visible Human Project to develop a three-dimensional anatomical visualization of the entire human body, an entire virtual cadaver, now has an official photo atlas. <i>Atlas of the Visible Human Male</i>, by Victor Spitzer and David Whitlock of the University of Colorado School of Medicine, features all 1878 full-color, crosssectional images from the Visible Human Dataset. It also offers nearly 1000 reconstructed coronal and sagittal images plus representative clinical scans and three-dimensional renderings. The images were created by quartering, slicing
Misuse of statistics continues to plague healthcare, conference hears
Authors: M. Limb
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Healthcare is still plagued by statistical deception and bad science that distort policy and put patients at risk, the Radical Statistics group’s annual conference heard on 24 February.

Senior academics said flawed and fraudulent use of data was having a malign effect and many parties were to blame, including the government, economists, drug companies, regulators, medical publishers, and researchers.

The Radical Statistics Group, also known as Radstats, was formed in 1975 to raise awareness of the actual and potential misuse of statistics and campaign for progressive social change.

David Healy, …
Athlete health and safety in rowing: editorial by the FISA (rowing) Sports Medicine Commission
Authors: Alain Lacoste, Jo Hannafin, Mike Wilkinson, Matt Smith, Denis Oswald, Jean-Christophe Rolland
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2014)

> Rowing should become the favourite sport of our young people as no other exercise can provide them with the physical and moral qualities that they need: energy, initiative and health 

> —Pierre de Coubertin

The FISA Sports Medicine Commission advises the FISA Council and member federations on rowing-related sports medicine issues. Rowing has been part of the Olympic programme since 1896; women’s rowing was introduced as an Olympic sport in 1976 and the lightweight category was included in 1996. The first World Championships for ‘Adaptive’ (persons with a disability) rowers was in 2002. Rowing was introduced into the programme of the Paralympic Games of 2008.

Most rowing biomechanical and physiological research has been performed on rowing machines (‘ergometers’) on which rowers can closely mimic the movement of the rowing stroke. There has been less research on boats in water. Most rowing injuries are due to overuse/overload or poor mechanics. Lower back pain, wrist tendon disorders and rib stress fractures are the most common injuries reported. There has been a well-documented increase in the incidence of these injuries since the 1991 introduction of the hatchet ‘big’ blades.

Lightweight rowing, where athletes compete within defined weight limits, shares many of the problems associated with other weight-controlled sports. The Sports …
OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ASSESSMENT FOR BIOLIMUS-ELUTING STENT AND EVEROLIMUS-ELUTING STENT IN THE VERY EARLY PERIOD
Authors: Shoichi Kuramitsu, Masashi Iwabuchi, Takenori Domei, Takuya Haraguchi, Ayumu Nagae, Yoshio Kazuno, Soichiro Enomoto, Toru Mazaki, Makoto Hyodo, Yoshimitsu Soga, Shinichi Shirai, Yoshitaka Takabatake, Hiroyoshi Yokoi, Fumitoshi Toyota, Masakiyo Nobuyoshi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Physical Signs of Rejected Treatment
Authors: ELI GOODMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1983)

Letters and Corrections1 June 1983Physical Signs of Rejected TreatmentELI GOODMAN, M.D.ELI GOODMAN, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-98-6-1031_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: An experience I had recently in an emergency room illustrates an interesting clinical clue that I will term the "unicorn sign. "A 60-year-old man presented with coma caused by a head injury sustained during a bicycling accident. Neither previous medical history nor information from family or friends was immediately available. Neurologic examination showed findings consistent with an intracerebral mass, presumably an acute hemorrhage secondary to the trauma. Physical examination showed a large, disfiguring 6-cm nodule of the forehead (the "unicorn sign"), which was probably a subcutaneous cyst that had been present for many years. There also... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: ELI GOODMAN, M.D.Affiliations: 1 Highland Drive Chalfont, PA 18914 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 June 1983Volume 98, Issue 6Page: 1031-1032KeywordsComaEmergency departmentHead injuryHemorrhage ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 June 1983 PDF downloadLoading ...
Antithrombin Cambridge II (A384S): an underestimated genetic risk factor for venous thrombosis
Authors: Javier Corral, David Hernandez-Espinosa, Jose Manual Soria, Rocio Gonzalez-Conejero, Adriana Ordonez, Jose Ramon Gonzalez-Porras, Elena Perez-Ceballos, Ramon Lecumberri, Ignacio Sanchez, Vanessa Roldan, Jose Mateo, Antonia Minano, Marcos Gonzalez, Ignacio Alberca, Jordi Fontcuberta, Vicente Vicente
Journal: Blood (2007)
Studies of Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: J. W. DOW, H. D. LEVINE, M. ELKIN, F. W. HAYNES, H. K. HELLEMS, J. W. WHITTENBERGER, B. G. FERRIS, W. T. GOODALE, W. P. HARVEY, E. C. EPPINGER, L. DEXTER
Journal: Circulation (1950)

Congenital pulmonic stenosis is indicated by cardiac catheterization by the finding of a higher systolic pressure in the right ventricle than in the pulmonary artery. Eight cases of uncomplicated pulmonic stenosis are studied. The findings on history, physical examination, x-ray and fluoroscopy, and electrocardiogram have been analyzed and the variations in circulatory dynamics encountered in these individuals are described in detail.
Effect of Parathyroid Hormone and Uremia on Peripheral Nerve Calcium and Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity
Authors: David A. Goldstein, Luis A. Chui, Shaul G. Massry
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Peripheral neuropathy is not an uncommon complication of chronic uremia. Because parathyroid hormone, by raising brain calcium, is partly responsible for central nervous system aberrations in uremia, we studied the relative role of uremia, per se, and(or) parathyroid hormone on peripheral nerve calcium and motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV). Studies were made in six groups of six dogs each, as follows: (a) normal dogs, (b) thyroparathyroidectomized (T-PTX) animals, (c) dogs with 3 days of uremia produced by bilateral nephrectomy, (d) T-PTX before the induction of acute renal failure, (e) normal dogs receiving 100 U/day of parathyroid extract (PTE) for 3 days, and (f) normal animals receiving 3 days of PTE followed by 5 days without PTE. Calcium content in peripheral nerve (expressed as milligram per kilogram of dry weight) was 252±5 (SE) in normal animals and 262±4 in T-PTX dogs. It was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in dogs with acute renal failure and intact parathyroid glands (410±12) and in normal animals receiving PTE (362±7). T-PTX, before acute renal failure, prevented the rise in peripheral nerve calcium (262±4) and PTE withdrawal was followed by the return of peripheral nerve calcium to normal (261±3). The increments in peripheral nerve calcium were associated with slowing of MNCV. It decreased significantly from 70±4 to 43±1 m/s after 3 days of acute uremia in dogs with intact parathyroid glands and T-PTX before acute renal failure prevented the fall in MNCV. Administration of PTE to normal animals reduced MNCV from 63±3 to 35±3 m/s and the withdrawal of PTE restored MNCV to normal (73±2 m/s). The results show that (a) excess parathyroid hormone increases peripheral nerve calcium and slows MNCV, (b) T-PTX, previously performed, prevents these changes in acute uremia, and (c) the withdrawal of PTE administration is followed by a reversal of the abnormalities.
Primary infection with simian immunodeficiency virus: plasmacytoid dendritic cell homing to lymph nodes, type I interferon, and immune suppression
Authors: Benoît Malleret, Benjamin Manéglier, Ingrid Karlsson, Pierre Lebon, Michelina Nascimbeni, Leïla Perié, Patricia Brochard, Benoît Delache, Julien Calvo, Thibault Andrieu, Odile Spreux-Varoquaux, Anne Hosmalin, Roger Le Grand, Bruno Vaslin
Journal: Blood (2008)
Professional Regulation and the State Medical Boards
Authors: Arnold S. Relman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

IN this issue, Dr. Richard Jay Feinstein, a recent former chairman of the Florida State Medical Board, discusses professional regulation and tells us how his state has reorganized its procedures to deal with the problem.* To my mind, the most noteworthy feature of his provocative essay is the table showing the rates of disciplinary actions reported by the different states.According to the Federation of State Medical Boards, the approximate number of disciplinary actions in 1982 ranged from 0 to 7.4 per thousand licensed physicians, with the rates between those extremes varying by more than 20-fold. Whereas 17 states reported . . .
Estimation of maximum left ventricular inotropic response from changes in isovolumic indices of contractility in the dog
Authors: A. BROUGHTON, P. I KORNER
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1981)

The effects of catecholamine infusion on three isovolumic indices of left ventricular (LV) contractility were studied under “steady-state” conditions in open-chest dogs with left atrial pressure held constant. The indices studied were (dP/dt)max; (dP/dt)DP40 where DP40 = developed LV pressure (LVP) of 5.3 kPa (40 mmHg) and (dP/dt/TP)max, where TP = total LVP above atmospheric. There was a curvilinear relationship between dose of noradrenaline and the rise of each index, but the magnitude of the rise differed considerably. When heart rate was allowed to rise (dP/dt)max rose to about 800% of the basal value, whilst the other two indices both increased to about 300% of basal. The reason for the difference appeared to be related to the earlier timing of (dP/dt)DP40 and (dP/dt/TP)max. When heart rate was controlled (dP/dt)max increased to about 500% of basal, similar to findings reported by others in the maximum rate of isometric force development in isolated myocardium. During noradrenaline infusion (dP/dt)max always occurred before aortic valve opening and provided a satisfactory measure of inotropic change whilst the other indices apparently occurred too early in systole to reflect full ventricular “activation”. However, during isoprenaline infusion blood pressure fell and estimates of inotropic reserve using (dP/dt)max were 40 to 100% in error due to early aortic valve opening until blood pressure was raised using methoxamine.
Efficacy and Safety of Dulaglutide Monotherapy Versus Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes in a Randomized Controlled Trial (AWARD-3)
Authors: Guillermo Umpierrez, Santiago Tofé Povedano, Federico Pérez Manghi, Linda Shurzinske, Valeria Pechtner
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

Compare the efficacy and safety of monotherapy with dulaglutide, a once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist, to metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes. The primary objective compared dulaglutide 1.5 mg and metformin on change from baseline glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at 26 weeks.This 52-week double-blind study randomized patients to subcutaneous dulaglutide 1.5 mg, dulaglutide 0.75 mg, or metformin. Patients (N = 807) had HbA1c ≥6.5% (≥48 mmol/mol) and ≤9.5% (≤80 mmol/mol) with diet and exercise alone or low-dose oral antihyperglycemic medication (OAM) monotherapy; OAMs were discontinued at beginning of lead-in period.At 26 weeks, changes from baseline HbA1c (least squares [LS] mean ± SE) were: dulaglutide 1.5 mg, -0.78 ± 0.06% (-8.5 ± 0.70 mmol/mol); dulaglutide 0.75 mg, -0.71 ± 0.06% (-7.8 ± 0.70 mmol/mol); and metformin, -0.56 ± 0.06% (-6.1 ± 0.70 mmol/mol). Dulaglutide 1.5 and 0.75 mg were superior to metformin (LS mean difference): -0.22% (-2.4 mmol/mol) and -0.15% (-1.6 mmol/mol) (one-sided P < 0.025, both comparisons), respectively. Greater percentages reached HbA1c targets <7.0% (<53 mmol/mol) and ≤6.5% (≤48 mmol/mol) with dulaglutide 1.5 and 0.75 mg compared with metformin (P < 0.05, all comparisons). No severe hypoglycemia was reported. Compared with metformin, decrease in weight was similar with dulaglutide 1.5 mg and smaller with dulaglutide 0.75 mg. Over 52 weeks, nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting were the most common adverse events; incidences were similar between dulaglutide and metformin.Dulaglutide improves glycemic control and is well tolerated as monotherapy in patients with early stage type 2 diabetes.
Seats on School Buses
Authors: Bernard L. Kaye
Journal: JAMA (1985)

To the Editor.—  In regard to the editorial entitled Bless the Seats and the Children: The Physician and the Legislative Process 1 mentioned in the letter from Martha Spital 2 of the National Coalition for Seatbelts on School Buses, I would like to point out a virtually nonused safety devise that could be instituted immediately and can bypass the use of seat belts.  If seats on school buses (on all buses for that matter) were installed facing backwards, dangers from a forward impact could be virtually eliminated. In such an impact, the rider could be pushed further into the back of the seat rather than cast forward to strike some part of the bus.  As far back as World War II, British military passenger-carrying aircraft, whose seats faced toward the rear, had a far lower incidence of ground taxiing injuries than aircraft with seats facing forward.
Twenty‐four‐hour time course of eosinophil granule proteins ECP and EPX during bronchial allergen challenges in serum of asthmatic children
Authors: B. Niggemann, I. Kleinau, M. Schmitt, U. Wahn
Journal: Allergy (1994)

To study in vivo monitoring variables for bronchial allergen challenges, we investigated the time course of the eosinophil granule proteins, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and eosinophil protein X (EPX) after allergen provocation in serum. Thirty-two asthmatic children sensitive to house-dust mites and six healthy young adult controls were challenged by bronchial allergen provocations with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae. Blood samples were taken at regular intervals up to 24 h. Base-line concentrations of ECP (P < 0.004), EPX (P < 0.002), and eosinophils (P < 0.001) were found to be increased in asthmatic children, as compared with healthy controls. ECP and EPX concentrations showed a uniform pattern with two characteristic features: 1) a rapid increase for both mediators up to 30 min after provocation over base-line values (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.001), followed by a rapid decrease nearly to base-line values in the next 30 min; and 2) a steady increase for ECP and EPX up to 10 h (P < 0.02 and P < 0.01), and even higher levels at 24 h, after challenge (P < 0.002 and P < 0.003). We conclude that although eosinophils are activated in asthmatic children after bronchial allergen challenge, ECP and EPX concentrations are not suitable monitoring variables. Base-line eosinophils seem to predict the occurrence of a late-phase asthmatic reaction after allergen provocation.
Sickle cell bone disease: Response to vitamin D and calcium
Authors: Adeboye H. Adewoye, Tai C. Chen, Qianli Ma, Lillian McMahon, Jeff Mathieu, Alan Malabanan, Martin H. Steinberg, Michael F. Holick
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2007)

Abstract Bone disease with osteoporosis and osteomalacia are common in sickle cell disease (SCD). Some patients have vitamin D deficiency and low bone mineral density (BMD). The role of vitamin D and calcium supplementation to restore bone health in SCD has not been well studied. In 14 adults with SCD, we measured 25(OH)D (25‐hydroxyvitamin D) and BMD at the femoral neck, lumbar spine, and distal third of the ulna plus radius, along with markers of bone resorption (CTx; C‐terminal component of pro‐collagen type I) and bone formation (osteocalcin) before and after 12 months of vitamin D 2 and calcium carbonate treatment. Pretreatment, all patients were vitamin D deficient with a mean 25(OH)D level of 10.7 ± 4.7 ng/ml, had low BMD at the lumbar spine (L‐spine), 0.87 ± 0.11 g/cm 2 (mean Z ‐score of –2.6 3 ± 0.71 SD and T score of –2.31 ± 0.75 SD), femoral neck, 0.8 ± 0.18 g/cm 2 (mean Z ‐score –1.36 ± 0.84, T ‐score –1.14 ± 0.75), and the distal radius and ulna, 0.6 ± 0.17 g/cm 2 (mean Z ‐score –1.18 ± 0.79, T ‐score –1.01 ± 0.74) and had elevated CTx (0.87 ± 0.5 ng/ml) and osteocalcin levels (12.3 ± 3.7 ng/μl). After treatment, all patients corrected their 25(OH)D level (38.8 ± 13.9 ng/ml) ( P &lt; 0.001) with a 3.6% ± 3.9% increase in BMD at the L‐spine ( P = 0.009), 4.6% ± 8.5% increase at the femoral neck ( P = 0.05) and 6.5% ± 12.6% increase at the distal radius plus ulna ( P = 0.09). CTx, osteocalcin, and PTH(i) levels were unchanged. Treatment of adult SCD with vitamin D and calcium can restore 25(OH)D levels to normal and improve BMD, but, markers of bone resorption remained unchanged. Screening for vitamin D deficiency and BMD in SCD patients seems warranted. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DIABETES: INTENSIVE INSULIN AND OFFICE TREATMENT
Authors: Horace Gray
Journal: JAMA (1926)

Fitz<sup>1</sup>is convinced that many patients are being sent into the hospital for insulin who could be treated just as efficiently and far more economically as outpatients. He has published an illuminating case report. Here is a similar but severer case, in which treatment was somewhat different and more drastic. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> A chauffer, aged 19 years and 4 months, 169 cm. (66.4 inches) tall, began to be fonder of sweets, "a whole lot more than formerly," about Dec. 1, 1924. Two weeks thereafter the onset was rather rapid, with a boil on the neck, nocturia (four times each night), excessive thirst and ravenous appetite. About January 1, loss of strength and cramps in the right calf (possibly due to the greater use of the right leg in driving the automobile) were added to the other symptoms. The maximum weight when the patient was dressed, at the time
Deletion of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1b Improves Peripheral Insulin Resistance and Vascular Function in Obese, Leptin-Resistant Mice via Reduced Oxidant Tone
Authors: M. Irfan Ali, Pimonrat Ketsawatsomkron, Eric J. Belin de Chantemele, James D. Mintz, Kenjiro Muta, Christina Salet, Stephen M. Black, Michel L. Tremblay, David J. Fulton, Mario B. Marrero, David W. Stepp
Journal: Circulation Research (2009)

Rationale: Obesity is a risk factor for cardiovascular dysfunction, yet the underlying factors driving this impaired function remain poorly understood. Insulin resistance is a common pathology in obese patients and has been shown to impair vascular function. Whether insulin resistance or obesity, itself, is causal remains unclear. Objective: The present study tested the hypothesis that insulin resistance is the underlying mediator for impaired NO-mediated dilation in obesity by genetic deletion of the insulin-desensitizing enzyme protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP)1B in db/db mice. Methods and Results: The db/db mouse is morbidly obese, insulin-resistant, and has tissue-specific elevation in PTP1B expression compared to lean controls. In db/db mice, PTP1B deletion improved glucose clearance, dyslipidemia, and insulin receptor signaling in muscle and fat. Hepatic insulin signaling in db/db mice was not improved by deletion of PTP1B, indicating specific amelioration of peripheral insulin resistance. Additionally, obese mice demonstrate an impaired endothelium dependent and independent vasodilation to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside, respectively. This impairment, which correlated with increased superoxide in the db/db mice, was corrected by superoxide scavenging. Increased superoxide production was associated with increased expression of NAD(P)H oxidase 1 and its molecular regulators, Noxo1 and Noxa1. Conclusions: Deletion of PTP1B improved both endothelium dependent and independent NO-mediated dilation and reduced superoxide generation in db/db mice. PTP1B deletion did not affect any vascular function in lean mice. Taken together, these data reveal a role for peripheral insulin resistance as the mediator of vascular dysfunction in obesity.
EXAMINATION OF FIFTY DYSENTERY CONVALESCENTS FOR CARRIERS
Authors: J. A. Arkwright, W. Yorke, O. H. Priestley, W. Gilmore
Journal: BMJ (1916)

M£~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-3FD!CALJOURNAL Further, it lias already been pointed out that typhoid bacilli may be isolated from faeces by means of a series of doses of brilliant green and telluric acid, where direct plating, as well as the use of varyiiig amounts of brilliant green alone, both fail to detect their presence (Browning, Mackie, and Smith).The following instance, which recently came under our observation, furnishes a freshl illustration of this latter highly important point.We are indebted to Dr. Pasteur for permission to use the clinical iotes of the case.Woman, aged 34.History of sixteen days' illness pains in the head and abdomen, with slight abdominal tenderness, vertigo, and profound weakness.The faeces throughout have been firm and well formed."Rose spots " present; also slight splenic enlargement (maximum recorded temperature 103.40 F.).Previous to the onset of illness the patient had-for five weeks nursed a case -said to be suffering from typhoid fever.Widal reaction (by the macroscopic method, using.Dreyer's emulsion)shows marked agglutination of B. typhostis up to 1 in-200 serum dilZtion after two hours at 550 C. Specinmen of faeces (solid, obta.i!ed bv g i;g ezutilsifld '1 .^; n.. n i alfi, Then one large loopfui of emulsion added to each tube of nedium (1 per cent.peptone water, neutral to litmus; two series-(a) containing brllliant green, and (b) brilliant green plis telluric acid). 10c.cm. Peptone Water.containingResulLing Growth, after Incuibation Telluric Acid Brilliant Green for 24 h'ours at 370C., plated on 1 percent. 1: 10,0o .MacConkey's Medium.0.1 c.cni.Coliform bacilli.0.2 ,, .0.7 , Coliform-bacilli wlhich did inot fer- meat inosite.*I0.f c.cm. Cboliform bacilli. 0.04 c.cm. in 0-,.5 eachi tub) l! .5. t| 0-7 B. tyij}losus in pure culLure.Plate of MacConkey's medium inoculated directly with the faeces showed nothing resembling B. typ1posas .present in more than 100 colonleB.The amount of faeces used was less than that commo-nly 'employd by tus.As a rule.In the caSe' bf vegy flukd faeces large loop (up to * In. diameter) is employed for inoculation; solid faeces are emulsified by rubbing uP with several volumnes of sterile water, and then one looDftl is used to inoculate each tube.