tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interference With Urinary Glucose Determination by Cephalothin
Authors: James Morrill
Journal: JAMA (1974)

To the Editor.—  Cephalothin is one of the more frequently used antibiotics in clinical medicine today. In recent years, there have been reports indicating its interference in urine glucose determinations by the copper reduction method (Clinitest). Feldman et al 1 reported in an in vitro study that cephalothin (5 mg/ml) reduced Clinitest tablets while not affecting glucose oxidase tests. No mention was made, however, to the specific color change. A previous study 2 noted a confusing reaction for glucose in three cases during routine urine testing with Clinitest. In two of these patients (one being a diabetic), while they were receiving cephalothin, a resulting reaction was characterized by a confusing brown-black color. A third patient, also a diabetic and receiving cephalothin, showed a urine glucose reaction interpretable as possibly 2+ or 4 +.  To clarify the significance of the cephalothin-Clinitest interaction, we used urine samples from 22 nondiabetic postsurgical patients. Patients
Recognition and Management of Pericardial Tamponade
Authors: Leon Stein
Journal: JAMA (1973)

Pericardial tamponade is one of the true emergencies in the practice of medicine. Since it is encountered infrequently, the diagnosis is often overlooked. <h3>Historical Review</h3> By injecting oil into the pericardial cavity, Cohnheim,<sup>1</sup>the first to experiment on animals, demonstrated that an increase in pericardial pressure causes a rise in venous pressure and a fall in arterial pressure. He concluded that the obstruction occurred at the venoatrial junction. Kuno<sup>2</sup>called attention to the dynamic interplay between increasing venous pressure and adrenaline. Using the heart-lung preparation, he increased the intrapericardial pressure until it matched the venous pressure, thus bringing the heart to a standstill, and he noted that raising the venous pressure would return blood flow. Kuno further observed that blood flow could also be restored with the injection of epinephrine, a fact that he attributed to a reduction in heart size and increase in the capacity of the
Membrane ER in Endocrine Resistance in the Lab and the Clinic: Should We Be Convinced?
Authors: M. Dowsett
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract There is clear evidence, including from our own lab, that in vitro some ER-alpha localises to the plasma membrane in MCF7 cells that acquire resistance to tamoxifen (TamR cells) in contrast to the nuclear localisation in wild-type cells. Immunoprecipitation shows co-localisation of ER and HER2 with immunohistochemical studies unequivocally demonstrating the latter being exclusively membrane bound. Similar membrane localisation of ER-alpha is demonstrable in BT474 cells which are highly HER2-amplified. Clinical samples prepared after formalin-fixation and paraffin-embedding however do not show specific membrane staining with a variety of anti-ER-alpha antibodies, irrespective of whether these tumours are HER2 positive or negative or whether they have acquired tamoxifen resitance, including a small number of samples where this resistance is associated with a gain of HER2 expression. We have found that formalin-fixation of TamR cells leads to loss of ER-alpha membrane staining and that this might be considered a potential explanation for the discrepancy. However, a more compelling explanation is seen in the absence of membrane staining when these cells are grown in 3D culture, despite their identical fixation to those in 2D culture. The clinical and biological response of breast cancer to estrogen deprivation correlates well with nuclear levels of ER. We are currently assessing whether unique gene expression patterns seen with estrogen dendramer conjugates (kindly provided by John and Benita Katzenellenbogen) that cannot enter the nucleus of MCF7 cells correlate with gene expression changes seen in ER-alpha positive breast carcinomas after estrogen deprivation. While there is strong evidence for membrane localisation of ER-alpha of some breast cancer cells in some culture conditions no convincing evidence has yet been gathered for its occurrence in human breast carcinomas. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr BS2-2.
Risk Factors for Thromboembolism
Authors: Stephen J. Jay
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1999)

Letters16 November 1999Risk Factors for ThromboembolismStephen J. Jay, MDStephen J. Jay, MDIndiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis, IN 46202-5114 (Jay)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-10-199911160-00017 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Rodeghiero and Tosetto (1) studied the risk for venous thromboembolism associated with factor V Leiden mutation and with resistance to activated protein C among 15 109 persons 18 to 65 years of age. The factor V Leiden mutation and resistance to activated protein C were independent risk factors for venous thromboembolism and accounted for 6.6% and 5.1% of all cases of this condition, respectively.In calculating the incidence of venous thromboembolism in persons with factor V Leiden mutation or resistance to activated protein C, the authors attempted to control for confounding factors by excluding certain patient groups ...References1. Rodeghiero F, Tosetto A. Activated protein C resistance and factor V Leiden mutation are independent risk factors for venous thromboembolism. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:643-50. LinkGoogle Scholar2. Petitti DB, Wingerd J, Pellegrin F, Ramcharan S. Oral contraceptives, smoking and other factors in relation to risk of venous thromboembolic disease. Am J Epidemiol. 1978;108:480-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Goldhaber SZ, Grodstein F, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Colditz GA, Speizer FE, et al . A prospective study of risk factors for pulmonary embolism in women. JAMA. 1997;277:642-5. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Mandel H, Brenner B, Berant M, Rosenberg N, Lanir H, Jakobs C, et al . Coexistence of hereditary homocystinuria and factor V Leiden—effect on thrombosis. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:763-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Ray SG. Meta-analysis of hyperhomocysteinemia as a risk factor for venous thromboembolic disease. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:2101-6. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Stephen J. Jay, MDAffiliations: Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis, IN 46202-5114 (Jay) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoActivated Protein C Resistance and Factor V Leiden Mutation Are Independent Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism Francesco Rodeghiero and Alberto Tosetto Risk Factors for Thromboembolism Francesco Rodeghiero and Alberto Tosetto Risk Factors for Thromboembolism Eliot Williams Metrics 16 November 1999Volume 131, Issue 10Page: 790KeywordsFactor V LeidenGenetic diseasesMedical risk factorsPregnancyProspective studiesProteinsResearch designThrombosisTrauma surgeryVenous thromboembolism ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 16 November 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Plague in India
Authors: S C Arya
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR,-D T Dennis's editorial on lessons to be learnt from the outbreak of bubonic and pneumonic plague in Maharashtra and Gujurat, India, points towards maintenance of the public health infrastructure to detect, monitor, and combat different agents of disease.'That would not be feasible without sound laboratory support in developing countries where government expenditure on drugs is less than five cents per person and health posts run out of their annual supplies of drugs during the early part of the fiscal year.2Intermediate and peripheral level laboratories would fail to identify promptly infection with Yersinia pestis in rodents, fleas, and humans since
Intermittent left bundle branch block: anatomic substrate as reflected in the electrocardiogram during normal conduction.
Authors: R Abben, K M Rosen, P Denes
Journal: Circulation (1979)

Examination of ECGs in patients with intermittent left bundle branch block (LBBB) may provide insight into mechanisms and cause of LBBB.In this study, we obtained ECG files of patients with in- termittent LBBB by mail solicitation of cardiologists.The group suitable for analysis included 275 patients in whom both LBBB was documented and at least one 12-lead ECG was available which demonstrated absence of LBBB (ALBBB) after the first LBBB ECG.ALBBB ECGs revealed normal QRS in 151 patients (55%), and abnormal QRS in 124 (45%).These 124 had one or more of the following: left ventricular hypertrophy 53 patients (19% of total group), myocardial infarction (MI) 53 patients (19% of total group) and conduction disturbance (QRS>0.10sec and/or axis of -30°to -90°) 52 patients (19% of total group).Sixty-three MIs were localized in the 53 patients; 31 (49%) were anteroseptal, seven (11%) were anterior, 17 (27%) were inferior and eight (13%) were lateral (p < 0.10).The 52 patients with conduction defects had the following: left anterior hemiblock 32 patients (62% of conduction defects, 12% of total group), incomplete LBBB 19 patients (31% of conduction defects, 7% of total group), right bundle branch block one patient (2% of con- duction defect, 0.1% of total group).More than 50% of the patients with intermittent LBBB did not have abnormal QRS, suggesting an underlying cause of LBBB.If underlying infarction is present, it is most commonly anteroseptal, implying disease of the left anterior descending coronary artery.The site of most intermittent LBBB appears predivisional (His or main left bundle), since preexisting leftsided unifascicular block is infrequent.
Leprosy
Authors: Ralph Crawshaw
Journal: JAMA (1982)

WHILE IN India last summer, I was invited by Dr Shubhada Pandya to join her at the Acworth Leprosy Hospital, Bombay, and then to accompany Dr R. Ganapati, a public health officer, on his rounds in Bombay's Dharavi slum. The taxicab ride to Acworth Leprosy Hospital passes through some prosperous sections of Bombay, yet the ride, as in every city of the Far East, is a battering encounter with masses of people. In addition, the ride had the eerie quality of a submarine dream, for the drenching monsoon with its oppressive humidity had me soaked in my own sweat as I peered through the steamy, rain-streaked windows. The sidewalks were crowded with makeshift cardboard and plastic hovels that seemed like barnacles growing along the base of the buildings. The underwater effect was reinforced by the swirl of bicycles passing like schools of fish and clusters of umbrellas hopping up and
Industrial Health in Wartime
Authors: H. M. Vernon
Journal: BMJ (1940)

The article commented with approval on the statement of the Board that excessive hours of work do not ultimately pay, owing to the in- duction of over-fatigue in the workers, and that rest pauses are necessary for their health, contentment, and efficiency.Since the issue of the report grave events have forced us to realize more clearly than before the paramount need for the maximum production of munitions and other war requirements.In order to attain such a result Lord Beaverbrook.
Interim Pay Review
Authors: A. Madwar, M. Ahmed, R. M. Best, B. W. Betterton, H. C. Bourke, L. Cook, R. T. D. Fitzgerald, S. K. Haroon, M. F. McNamara, J. C. H. Nicholas, H. M. A. Noble, F. Rao, S. Shariff, D. S. Uppal, J. Wylie, D. A. Youdale
Journal: BMJ (1975)
Evidence on industry influence should be in the core medical curriculum
Authors: B. Goldacre
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Smith and colleagues all agree that the drug industry can mislead doctors and distort medical practice, but they disagree on how to police the problem.1

One important option has been oddly neglected. The extensive research evidence documenting industry’s influence on medical practice should be a core feature of all curriculums for medical school and membership exams.

Our current model is to give trainees …
IDENTIFICATION OF RESTRICTIVE TRANSMITRAL FLOW VELOCITY PATTERN BY THE CHANGE OF ITS PATTERN AFTER NITROGLYCERIN SPRAY ORAL ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Hirotsugu Yamada, Kusunose Kenya, Susumu Nishio, Noriko Tomita, Keisuke Endo, Toshiyuki Niki, Kunihiko Koshiba, Koji Yamaguchi, Yoshio Taketani, Takahi Iwase, Takeshi Soeki, Tetsuzo Wakatsuki, Masashi Akaike, Masataka Sata
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Limited Success of Intermittent Dialysis in Chronic Renal Disease
Authors: H. Franklin Bunn, Kurt H. Stenzel, Albert L. Rubin, Glenn D. Lubash
Journal: JAMA (1964)

A patient with chronic glomerulonephritis and terminal renal failure was kept alive for nine months by 33 hemodialyses and five peritoneal dialyses. Although established criteria for selection of patients for periodic dialysis were met, complications were numerous and, finally, lethal. Nutritional failure, hypertension, congestive heart failure, arthritis, infections, and arteriovenous shunt failures all contributed to the patient's inexorable deterioration. Careful salt and water restriction, and then bilateral nephrectomy, failed to arrest the progressive hypertension. The patient's course stresses the need for careful medical selection of candidates for periodic dialysis, and also illustrates that such a program may be unsuccessful even when rigid criteria are used.
The Health Policy Agenda and the Prevention of Nuclear War
Authors: Eugene J. Uphoff
Journal: JAMA (1986)

To the Editor.—  In the Aug 22/29,1986, issue ofJAMA, Balfe et al1attempt to address issues identified as being  to the future of health care in this country. It seems particularly tragic that the consideration of the risks of nuclear war was omitted from this list.  Although others have stated that political and nuclear war issues should be considered outside the scope of the proper concern of health professionals, we believe that concern for the prevention of nuclear war is of critical importance as we plan for the future health and well-being of people worldwide. It is only by continuing to raise this issue at each consideration of health care priorities that we can ultimately bring about the necessary political policy changes that will ensure future peace— a prerequisite for all other health care considerations.
Antiamyloid Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease — Are We on the Right Road?
Authors: Eric Karran, John Hardy
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2014)

The increasing prevalence of Alzheimer's disease represents a global challenge at multiple levels: personal, social, and economic. The amyloid hypothesis1 posits that deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in brain parenchyma is an early critical event in Alzheimer's disease that promotes or accelerates downstream features of the disease such as tangle formation, neuronal loss, and progressive dementia. Most pharmaceutical companies seeking disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer's disease have investigated Aβ-centric therapeutics.This issue of the Journal contains reports on the phase 3 trials in Alzheimer's disease of two anti-Aβ antibodies: bapineuzumab2 and solanezumab.3 Each agent was tested in two trials. Both sets of . . .
Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Primary Atypical Pneumonia
Authors: John P. Griffin
Journal: JAMA (1965)

A cultural and serologic study of primary atypical pneumonia (PAP) was done prospectively in 239 randomly chosen recruit admissions to the US Naval Hospital, Great Lakes, III. Cold-agglutinin reactive sera were found in 172 patients, while evidence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Eaton agent) infection was detected in 41. M pneumoniae -associated PAP was consistently found among cold-agglutinin-positive patients. However, the number of cold-agglutinin reactors greatly exceeded that of recognizable M pneumoniae infections in this series. The isolation of wild strains of M pneumoniae from 25 patients on artificial agar medium was statistically related to the presence of complement-fixing antibodies to the FH strain (American Type Culture Collection, Mycoplasma pneumoniae No. 15531) of this microorganism.
Costs to Society of Family Caregiving for Patients with End-Stage Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Holly G. Prigerson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2003)

Recent estimates indicate that the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease is increasing at an alarming rate, and with that increase comes a dramatic upsurge in the cost of this disease to society. In 2000, 4.5 million Americans had Alzheimer's disease. The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease is expected to increase by 27 percent by 2020, by 70 percent by 2030, and by nearly 300 percent by 2050 (13.2 million Americans). The cost to government agencies of the care of patients who have Alzheimer's disease is substantial at present, and it is rising rapidly: by 2010, Medicare spending on Alzheimer's disease will grow . . .
Severe sexual dysfunction in women with the irritable bowel syndrome: comparison with inflammatory bowel disease and duodenal ulceration.
Authors: E Guthrie, F H Creed, P J Whorwell
Journal: BMJ (1987)

50 femmes atteintes de syndrome de colon irritable, 30 atteintes d'ulcere duodenal et 30 de maladie inflammatoire intestinale, toutes exemptes de troubles psychiatriques, sont interrogees et examinees. La dyspareunie et les troubles de l'activite sexuelle sont tres nettement plus frequents dans le 1er groupe
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Serum Lipid Levels in Twins
Authors: Debra A. Heller, Ulf de Faire, Nancy L. Pedersen, Gosta Dahlen, Gerald E. McClearn
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1993)

The extent to which serum lipid levels are affected by genetic and environmental factors remains a point of controversy. We examined both genetic and environmental influences on serum lipid levels in twins reared either together or apart who participated in the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging.
Influence of Computer-Aided Detection on Performance of Screening Mammography
Authors: Joshua J. Fenton, Stephen H. Taplin, Patricia A. Carney, Linn Abraham, Edward A. Sickles, Carl D'Orsi, Eric A. Berns, Gary Cutter, R. Edward Hendrick, William E. Barlow, Joann G. Elmore
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Computer-aided detection identifies suspicious findings on mammograms to assist radiologists. Since the Food and Drug Administration approved the technology in 1998, it has been disseminated into practice, but its effect on the accuracy of interpretation is unclear.
Ascitic fluid chemical analysis before, during and after spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Authors: Bruce A. Runyon, John C. Hoefs
Journal: Hepatology (1985)

A retrospective analysis of 22 patients whose ascitic fluid had been analyzed prior to the onset of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, during infection and/or after treatment of peritonitis revealed that neither the ascitic fluid total protein nor the absolute ascitic fluid glucose changed during the infection or after treatment of the infection although the ascitic fluid/serum glucose ratio did decrease (p less than 0.001) with infection. The ascitic fluid lactate dehydrogenase increased significantly (p less than 0.05) during infection compared to the baseline value. Contrary to the typical findings in infected body fluids, the total protein content and absolute glucose content of "spontaneously" infected ascitic fluid do not measurably change.
Users' guides to the medical literature. II. How to use an article about therapy or prevention. B. What were the results and will they help me in caring for my patients? Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group
Authors: G. H. Guyatt
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>CLINICAL SCENARIO</h3> You are a general internist who is asked to see a 65-year-old man with controlled hypertension and a 6-month history of atrial fibrillation resistant to cardioversion. Although he has no evidence for valvular or coronary heart disease, the family physician who referred him to you wants your advice on whether the benefits of long-term anticoagulants (to reduce the risk of embolic stroke) outweigh their risks (of hemorrhage from anticoagulant therapy). The patient shares these concerns and doesn't want to receive a treatment that would do more harm than good. You know that there have been randomized trials of warfarin for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and decide that you'd better review one of them.
Atypical Findings of Pelvic Insufficiency Fractures Involving the Iliac Wing Demonstrated by Bone Scintigraphy
Authors: Seok Tae Lim, Hwan-Jeong Jeong, Myung-Hee Sohn
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2008)

Pelvic insufficiency fractures almost always occur in elderly women with osteoporosis. The typical sites are the sacrum and the pubis, with the ilium being less commonly affected. A 76-year-old woman was admitted for evaluation of pain around her right pelvis. Bone scintigraphy demonstrated multiple insufficiency fractures in the pelvis including the body and both alae of the sacrum, both iliac wings, and the right body of the pubis adjacent to the symphysis (parasymphyseal). The sacral and iliac insufficiency fractures on plain radiography had been overlooked entirely until a retrospective review had been carried out. Insufficiency fractures in the spine and ribs were also demonstrated.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pneumonia in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Man
Authors: Dianne Murphy
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>To the Editor. —</h3> We would like to report a case of respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. We feel it is important to emphasize that this virus may be as devastating a pathogen in adults as in infants and that both a rapid diagnosis and therapy are available. Respiratory syncytial virus is known as a cause of severe bronchiolitis, pneumonia, apnea, and respiratory failure in infants and children and is particularly lethal for children with abnormal cardiac or pulmonary status.<sup>1,2</sup>A recent article<sup>3</sup>has documented respiratory syncytial virus as causing death in 4 and requiring ventilation in 3 of 11 immuno-compromised adults. There is also a recent report<sup>4</sup>of the successful use of ribavirin to treat respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in an adult cardiac transplant recipient. None of these patients were infected with human immunodeficiency virus. The following case