tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTU-059 Hepatitis C virus infection abrogates the effect of liver transplantation on NK cell activation
Authors: K M Jamil, G J Alexander, K C Cheent, K Agarwal, H A Michael, S I Khakoo
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the leading cause for liver transplantation (LT) and recurrence post LT is universal. The role of NK cells in this context is poorly understood, in relation to both alloreactivity and antiviral response. This study investigates whether there are differences in NK cell activation between individuals transplanted for HCV and those transplanted for non-HCV indications. <h3>Methods</h3> Whole blood was collected from 28 liver transplant patients (18 HCV, 10 non-HCV) and 16 controls. The transplant patients were all on calcineurin inhibitor-based immunosuppression. NK cells from the peripheral blood were analysed for expression of the cell surface inhibitory receptors CD158a/b (killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) specific for HLA-C), and the activating receptors NKp30, NKp46 and NKG2D. Following overnight incubation with IL-15 NK cell function was assessed using a flow cytometry-based killing assay. <h3>Results</h3> Compared with controls, there was significantly reduced expression of NKp30 and NKp46 in non-HCV LT patients (p&lt;0.001 for both, Student t test), but no reduction in activating receptor expression in individuals transplanted for HCV. There was no segregation of activating receptor expression with expression of specific KIR. The functional assays correlated with the phenotyping data, with significantly reduced NK cell killing of target cells in non-HCV LT patients compared with controls and with HCV LT patients (p=0.02 and 0.01 respectively, Student t test). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The recipient NK cell response to liver transplantation is altered in individuals with HCV infection. In the non-HCV setting, we have demonstrated down-regulation of NK activation which may facilitate tolerance. However in the presence of HCV, NK cell function remains intact. We hypothesise that this phenomenon contributes to allograft inflammation and the poorer outcomes observed in LT for HCV. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
DETERMINANTS OF COLLATERAL CIRCULATION IN PATIENTS WITH DOCUMENTED CORONARY OCCLUSION: THE CASE FOR GENDER AND SMOKING
Authors: Eric Van Belle, Sophie Susen, François J. Cuilleret, Frédéric Mouquet, Pierre V. Ennezat, Thierry Letourneau, Pieter A. Doevendans, Jean Dallongeville, Michel E. Bertrand, Brigitte Jude
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
MULTICENTRE COLLABORATION IN 162 TISSUE-TYPED RENAL TRANSPLANTS
Authors: H. Festenstein, J.A. Sachs, R.T.D. Oliver, J.M. Burke, E. Adams, W. Divver, A. Hyams, G.D. Pegrum, I.C. Balfour, J.F. Moorhead
Journal: The Lancet (1971)
Baculovirus-Mediated miRNA Regulation to Suppress Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tumorigenicity and Metastasis
Authors: Chiu-Ling Chen, Jaw-Ching Wu, Guan-Yu Chen, Pei-Hsiang Yuan, Yen-Wen Tseng, Kuei-Chang Li, Shiaw-Min Hwang, Yu-Chen Hu
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2014)

MicroRNA 122 (miR-122) is a tumor suppressor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but is lowly expressed in HCC cells. MiR-151 is aberrantly overexpressed in HCC cells and promotes HCC metastasis yet its roles on HCC tumorigenicity are unknown. To combat HCC tumorigenicity/metastasis, we developed Sleeping Beauty (SB)-based hybrid baculovirus (BV) vectors that expressed (i) miR-122 precursors (pre-miR-122), (ii) miR-151 sponges, or (iii) pre-miR-122 and miR-151 sponges. Transduction of aggressive HCC cells (Mahlavu) with the pre-miR-122-expressing BV tremendously enhanced miR-122 levels for >6 weeks, suppressed the levels of downstream effectors (e.g., ADAM10 and Bcl-w), proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, motility and migration/invasion in vitro. Intratumoral injection of the pre-miR-122-expressing BV attenuated the HCC growth/metastasis. The miR-151 sponges-expressing BV diminished the miR-151 levels for 6 weeks, enhanced RhoGDIA expression, suppressed RhoGTPases, as well as motility and migration/invasion of Mahlavu cells. Intratumoral injection of the miR-151 sponge-expressing BV impeded not only HCC metastasis but also cell proliferation, MMP expression and tumor growth in vivo. The BV co-expressing pre-miR-122 and miR-151 sponges also simultaneously enhanced miR-122 expression and inhibited miR-151, and conferred antitumor/anti-metastasis effects albeit lack of synergism. These data implicate the potentials of the SB-based hybrid BV for persistently modulating miRNA and suppressing HCC tumorigenicity/metastasis.
The low-dose corticotropin stimulation test in acute traumatic and non-traumatic brain injury: incidence of hypo-responsiveness and relationship to outcome
Authors: Ioanna Dimopoulou, Stylianos Tsagarakis, Evangelia Douka, Maria Zervou, Andreas T. Kouyialis, Urania Dafni, Nikolaos Thalassinos, Charis Roussos
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2004)
Novel receptor-mediated gene transfection systems comprising plasmid / polycation / RGD-PEG-COOH ternary complexes
Authors: Mitsuko Sakae, Tomoko Ito, Naoko Iida Tanaka, Takuro Niidome, Hironobu Yanagie, Yoshiyuki Koyama
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2004)

In the non-viral gene delivery systems using cationic polymers, DNA / polycation complexes are usually positively charged, and their adsorption to the extracellular matrix and the coaggulation by the serum proteins have been the problems. We have reported1 that coating of the DNA complex by the PEG derivative having propionic acid side chains (PEG-C) could recharge it to negative, and effectively suppress these interactions. It also improved the transgene expression efficiency probably due to the proton sponge effect of the carboxyl groups. However, the ternary polyion complex of DNA / polycation / PEG-C was not always stable against the high concentration of albumin as in the serum. In order to obtain a more stable ternary complex, a PEG derivative with succinic acid side chains, PEG-Suc, was synthesized, which would have two-fold more carboxyl side chains than PEG-C.
Students' Opinions on the 1980 GMENAC Report
Authors: Ronald E. Pust, Lawrence M. Moher
Journal: JAMA (1984)

To the Editor.—   1980 Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee (GMENAC) Report 1 continues to generate debate on its methodology and policy implications. 2-4 Yet the opinions of those most affected— future physicians now in medical school—are rarely solicited. We have surveyed each first-year medical class (classes of 1984, 1985, and 1986) entering the University of Arizona since the GMENAC Report was issued.  report is presented from a neutral viewpoint in the second-semester Preparation for Clinical Medicine course. Students are then asked to complete anonymously the statement, My personal opinion of the 1980 GMENAC Report is closest to... Among the 221 (84% of the 263 students queried) who chose one of the five suggested responses, the distribution was as follows: (a) There was no justification for the commissioning of the Report, 2.3%; (b) The Report's projection of excess numbers of physicians (especially in some fields) is not accurate;
Antibodies to pancreatic duct cells in Sjogren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: H Ludwig, G Schernthaner, O Scherak, G Kolarz
Journal: Gut (1977)

In the present investigation the occurrence of humoral immunity to pancreatic duct cells (PDC) was studied in 12 patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS), 31 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and 64 controls. Four sera of patients with SS and eight of patients with RA produced diffuse cytoplasmic fluorescence of intro- as well as of interlobular PDC of human and rhesus monkey origin. All sera positive with PDC antigens gave also positive staining reaction with parotid, submandibular, and lacrimal duct cells. In absorption studies antibody activity to PDC and salivary duct cells could be absorbed equally well with human or monkey parotid gland or pancreas with almost identical antigen concentrations. These findings point to the presence of common antigenic determinants in the organs studied. Human thyroid microsomes and rat liver homogenate did not reduce antibody activity. The demonstration of antibodies to PDC in addition to the reported mononuclear cell infiltration of the pancreas point to the involvement of autoimmune mechanisms in pathogenesis of the commonly observed subclinical exocrine insufficiency in SS and in some cases of RA.
A Case of Common Bile Duct Ascariasis Diagnosed by Duodenoscopy
Authors: G. Dobrilla, M. Valentini, M. Filippini
Journal: Endoscopy (1976)

A case of common bile duct ascariasis diagnosed by duodenoscopy is presented. At the admission, the patient, cholecystectomized for gallstones 13 years before, had been complaining of epigastric pain associated with post-prandial and nocturnal vomiting. Physical examination showed only slight tenderness in the epigastrium. Laboratory findings were within normal limits, with the exception of a moderate leukocytosis. Intravenous cholangiography showed the lack of visualization of the terminal common bile duct, but the flow of contrast medium was normal. Duodenoscopy, carried out without a specific clinical suspicion, revealed an ascaris lumbricoides inserted in the common bile duct and partially protruding from the papilla Vateri. The patient was treated by piperazine, intravenous fluids, antibiotics and a choleretic compound. After 24 hours an ascaris 33 cm long was excreted in the faeces and the patient became symptom-free. Some pathophysiological, clinical and epidemiological aspects of biliary ascariasis are discussed.
Glomerular hyperfiltration predicts the development of microalbuminuria in stage 1 hypertension: The HARVEST
Authors: P. Palatini, P. Mormino, F. Dorigatti, M. Santonastaso, L. Mos, R. De Toni, M. Winnicki, M. Dal Follo, T. Biasion, G. Garavelli, A.C. Pessina
Journal: Kidney International (2006)
Early childhood sexual abuse increases suicidal intent
Authors: Jorge Lopez-Castroman, Nadine Melhem, Boris Birmaher, Laurence Greenhill, David Kolko, Barbara Stanley, Jamie Zelazny, Beth Brodsky, Rebeca Garcia-Nieto, Ainsley K. Burke, J. John Mann, David A. Brent, Maria A. Oquendo
Journal: World Psychiatry (2013)

Childhood sexual abuse has been consistently associated with suicidal behavior. We studied suicide attempt features in depressed individuals sexually abused as children. On average, sexual abuse started before age 9. It frequently coexisted with physical abuse. Suicide attempters more often had personality disorders and had endured abuse for longer, but did not differ in terms of other clinical characteristics from non‐attempters. Earlier onset of sexual abuse and its duration were associated with more suicide attempts. However, when personality disorders were included in the regression model, only these disorders predicted number of attempts. The severity of sexual abuse and the coexistence of physical abuse were correlated with age at first suicide attempt. However, only severity of sexual abuse was marginally associated with age at first suicide attempt in the regression model. Finally, the earlier the age of onset of sexual abuse, the higher the intent, even after controlling for age, sex and personality disorders. This suggests that the characteristics of childhood sexual abuse, especially age of onset, should be considered when studying the risk for suicidal behavior in abused populations.
Donor graft adenoviral iNOS gene transfer ameliorates rat liver transplant preservation injury and improves survival
Authors: Takashi Kaizu, Atsushi Ikeda, Atsunori Nakao, Yoshihito Takahashi, Allan Tsung, Junichi Kohmoto, Hideyoshi Toyokawa, Lifang Shao, Brian T. Bucher, Koji Tomiyama, Michael A. Nalesnik, Noriko Murase, David A. Geller
Journal: Hepatology (2006)

The exact role of inducible NOS (iNOS) in liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is controversial. This study was designed to investigate whether donor liver pretreatment with adenovirus encoding iNOS (AdiNOS) ameliorates I/R injury associated with liver transplantation. Orthotopic syngeneic LEW rat liver transplantation (OLT) was performed after 18 or 24 hours' preservation in cold UW. AdiNOS or control gene vector (AdLacZ) was delivered to the liver by donor intravenous pretreatment 4 days before graft harvesting. Uninfected grafts also served as control. Recipients were sacrificed 1 to 48 hours posttransplantation. An abundant hepatic iNOS protein expression and marked serum NO elevation was observed in the AdiNOS-treated group, without affecting endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression, before harvesting and after OLT. AdiNOS pretreatment markedly improved liver function assessed by serum aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase levels and reduced liver necrosis formation. AdiNOS treatment also was associated with reduced ICAM-1 mRNA expression and neutrophil accumulation in the liver graft after OLT compared with untransfected or AdLacZ-treated group. Furthermore, AdiNOS delivery significantly improved transplant survival, compared with AdLacZ or saline controls. AdiNOS pretreatment did not attenuate I/R-induced apoptotic cell death in the liver graft. Administration of a selective inhibitor for iNOS abrogated the protection afforded by AdiNOS pretreatment. In conclusion, donor pretreatment with AdiNOS led to improved liver graft injury and posttransplantation survival. Downregulation of ICAM-1 mRNA and neutrophil infiltration may be associated with the mechanisms by which AdiNOS pretreatment confer the protection against transplant-associated hepatic I/R injury. (Hepatology 2006;43:464–473.)
The Dangerous Sky: A History of Aviation Medicine
Authors: Elliott B. Oppenheim
Journal: JAMA (1974)

For those of us who experience a rush of excitement at the frosty exhaust of a jet against a crimson sunset, or for those who gleefully dabble in the curious romance of the Martin MB-1 bomber, this detailed history of aviation, from the view of a physician, will renew those experiences and certainly add new thoughts for further adventure. Aviation is similar to evolution. The finished product, however, today has effectively evolved in 250 years. Bartholomeu Laurenco de Guzmaon, in 1709, demonstrated a device before the King of Portugal that anticipated the hot-air balloon, and the first ascent of a human, which Dr. Robinson traces to 1804 and Jean Baptiste Biot. As the primate succeeded in evolving to humans, so did these balloon fliers evolve to the triumph of space. While occasionally the reading is tedious, from the technical nature of the subject, Dr. Robinson views the courageous physician-physiologist-scientists as
PSA Thresholds for Prostate Cancer Detection
Authors: Mark E. Parker
Journal: JAMA (1997)

To the Editor.  —I concur with Dr Catalona and colleagues1regarding the goal of increasing the detection of prostate cancer and was interested in their use of a lower serum PSA level, 2.6 ng/mL, on which to base prostate biopsy. However, in our current economic climate, we must turn a critical eye toward all new diagnostic testing, especially those tests that are expensive. The authors of this study have not shown convincing evidence of the need for an additional test, that of free PSA. They indicate a positive predictive value of 22% by using the PSA alone in their study population of 317 men who had total PSA levels between 2.5 and 4.0 ng/mL and who underwent needle biopsy. They then state,  Using a free PSA cutoff of 27% as a criterio for biopsy would have detected 90% of the cancers and avoided 18% of unnecessary biopsies, yielding a positive predictive value of 24% in the men who underwent biopsy. Therefore, percentage of free PSA would provide
Clinical and Immunologic Criteria for the Diagnosis of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
Authors: MICHAEL ROSENBERG
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1977)

Clinical and immunologic characteristics are reported in a series of 20 patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis seen by physicians in one consulting service during a period of 9 years. Seventeen of these patients have been identified in the past 2 years, reflecting the increasing recognition of this entity. Fifteen of the 20 patients are believed to have proven diagnoses; the other five are strongly suspected. Asthma, pulmonary infiltrates, and eosinophilia are the usual presenting symptoms. Serum immunoglobulin E was markedly elevated in all patients, and serum immunoglobulin D was normal in four out of five patients sampled. Bronchograms were abnormal in all cases in which they could be done. Lymphocyte transformation may be present in some cases but is not a diagnostic feature. The average age at time of diagnosis was 25.5 years, and seven of the 15 proven patients were 20 or younger.
A randomized trial of prevention measures in patients at high risk for contrast nephropathy: initial results of the PRINCE study
Authors: M. Stevens, P.A. McCullough, K.J. Tobin, J.P. Speck, D.C. Westveer, D.A. Guido-Allen, D.S. Hartenburg, S.B. Puchrowicz-Ochocki, W.W. O'Neill
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1998)
Coeliac disease, vasculitis, and cryoglobulinaemia
Authors: W. F. Doe, D. Evans, J. R. Hobbs, C. C. Booth
Journal: Gut (1972)

Four patients are described with the association of adult coeliac disease, vasculitis, and cryoglobulinaemia. In each patient the cryoglobulinaemia was of the mixed type consisting of more than one immunoglobulin class. It is suggested that the mixed cryoglobulins represent circulating immune complexes and that their deposition in small vessels causes the vasculitis. This is supported by immunofluorescent studies of skin biopsies from one of these patients. The significance of these findings in the four adult coeliac patients is discussed.
Mandating HPV Vaccination — Private Rights, Public Good
Authors: Alexandra M. Stewart
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2007)

Mandating HPV Vaccination -Private Rights, Public GoodTo the Editor: Those who oppose mandating vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) as a condition for school entry generally open the debate with two fundamental questions.First, how can the government interfere in the medical decisions parents make for their children by compelling immunizations for school entry?Second, how can the HPV vaccine be a good candidate for school mandates when HPV infection is transmitted only through intimate contact, not through casual encounters, as with other diseases that are preventable with vaccines?In fact, requiring vaccination against HPV for school entry is firmly rooted in American jurisprudence.The Supreme Court, when first adjudicating compelled vaccination, recognized that the "po-
A carboxy-terminal truncated insulin receptor substrate-1 dominant negative protein reverses the human hepatocellular carcinoma malignant phenotype.
Authors: S Tanaka, J R Wands
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1996)

Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), a substrate of various receptor tyrosine kinases transmits mitogenic signals initiated by extracellular ligands. This protein is involved in normal hepatocyte growth and has been found to be overexpressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Expression of a carboxy-terminal truncated IRS-1 molecule containing the pleckstrin homology and phosphotyrosine-binding domains associates with the insulin receptor and prevents tyrosyl phosphorylation of endogenous IRS-1 and Shc proteins. Thus, subsequent activation of downstream signaling molecules induced by insulin and IGF-1 such as phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase and mitogen activated protein kinase is inhibited. The morphologic features of transformed human hepatocellular carcinoma cells change to a differentiated hepatocyte appearance and characteristics of the malignant phenotype as manifested by anchorage independent cell growth and tumor formation in nude mice are lost. These studies demonstrate that signal transduction pathways mediated through or by IRS-1 are important in hepatocyte and human hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth.
[446] SELECTION OF T-CELL EPITOPES FOR A HEPATITIS C T-CELL VACCINE CANDIDATE ACCOUNTING FOR HCV GENOTYPE COMPLEXITY AND HLA TYPE DIVERSITY
Authors: V. Goossens, A. Van der Aa, G. Verheyden, S. Southwood, C. Dahlberg, D. McKinney, M. Newman, H. Diepolder, G. Maertens, M.A. Buyse
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2007)
LIVER BLOOD FLOW IN PREGNANCY—HEPATIC VEIN CATHETERIZATION 1
Authors: Equinn W. Munnell, Howard C. Taylor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1947)

Numerous liver function tests have been devised and most investigators agree that some disturb- ance in liver function occurs during the toxemias of pregnancy.These changes are of relatively small magnitude and the clinical use of these tests in pregnancy is not widespread.The technique of venous catheterization with resultant sampling of blood directly leaving the liver offers further op- portunities for study of liver function. METHODSA method of estimating hepatic blood flow in man based on the "Fick" principle has been de- scribed by Bradley and coworkers (1).In their article they point out that "The 'Fick' principle may be applied to any organ provided three facts are known: (1) the concentration of some sub- stance, X, in the blood entering the organ, (2) the concentration of X in the mixed venous blood leaving the organ, and (3) the total amount of X removed from the blood by the organ each minute.Given these data, the blood flow through the organ per minute may be calculated by dividing the total removal rate of X by the amount of X removed from each milliliter of blood as it traverses the organ."The removal rate of X by the liver cannot be meas- ured directly, but an indirect method is available if X can be given at such a rate that its blood level remains con- stant.Under these conditions, the infusion rate equals the hepatic removal rate, provided that the extraction of X depends entirely upon hepatic activity.Bromsulfalein (BSP) was used as the test substance since it apparently satisfied these conditions.The calculation of hepatic blood flow then can be de- termined by the following formula: R1 EHEF = 0.01 (P - 1 -Hematocrit
Endothelial Cell-Secreted EGF Induces Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and Endows Head and Neck Cancer Cells with Stem-like Phenotype
Authors: Zhaocheng Zhang, Zhihong Dong, Isabel S. Lauxen, Manoel Sant'Ana Filho, Jacques E. Nör
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Emerging evidence suggests that endothelial cell-secreted factors contribute to the pathobiology of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) by enhancing invasive migration and resistance to anoikis. Here, we report that SCC cells within the perivascular niche have undergone epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a primary human SCC of a patient that developed distant metastases. Endothelial cell–secreted EGF induced EMT of human SCC cells in vitro and also induced acquisition of a stem-like phenotype. In vivo, tumor xenografts vascularized with EGF-silenced endothelial cells exhibited a smaller fraction of cancer stem-like cells (ALDH+CD44+) and were less invasive than tumors vascularized with control endothelial cells. Collectively, these results demonstrated that endothelial cell-EGF induces EMT and acquisition of stem-like properties by head and neck tumor cells. On this basis, we suggest that vascular endothelial cells contribute to tumor dissemination by secreting factors that endow carcinoma cells with enhanced motility and stemness. Cancer Res; 74(10); 2869–81. ©2014 AACR.