tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genetic and Metabolic Eye Disease
Authors: Paul E. Romano
Journal: JAMA (1975)

This is a treatise by 37 people, each doing what he or she individually does best. Regrettably, true textbooks are becoming an endangered species these days. The editor frankly admits this shortcoming in his preface: "As is to be expected in a multiauthored work there is considerable variation from chapter to chapter in complexity and subject matter." The clinical usefulness of this text is, therefore, somewhat limited. Moreover, if the reader wishes to derive from this text all that he can about a given condition, he will need to consult many different chapters. The variability of the text is best illustrated in part 1, devoted to methods of study in genetic eye disease. The chapters on the carrier state, linkage, and biochemical diagnostic tests are well written and useful. On the other hand, the chapter on severe visual handicaps in childhood seems out of place and the chapter on twin
Immunofluorescent localisation of enterokinase in human small intestine.
Authors: J Hermon-Taylor, J Perrin, D A Grant, A Appleyard, M Bubel, A I Magee
Journal: Gut (1977)

The distribution of enterokinase in human intestine was studied in operative mucosal biopsies using specific antiserum to human enterokinase, previously purified to apparent homogeneity by affinity chromatography and immunoabsorption. Fluorescence was observed in the brush-border and glycocalyx of the duodenum and proximal 15 cm of jejunum distal to the D/J flexure. Distal jejunum and ileum as well as stomach and colon were consistently negative. Brunner9s glands and goblet cells were never stained by specific antibody. Preliminary evidence was obtained that the human enterokinase molecule contains a specific antigenic determinant in its polypeptide component and a second determinant in the oligosaccharide moiety which cross-reacts with blood group A. Preliminary evidence was also obtained that mucosal synthesis of enterokinase may be impaired in jaundice due to carcinoma of the pancreas and induced in the small intestine distal to the normal limit of synthesis after pancreatico-duodenectomy.
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: A E Henriksson, L Blomquist, C E Nord, T Midtvedt, A Uribe
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

OBJECTIVES--To examine the microflora of the upper small intestine in patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using a combination of microbial cultivation and tests for microbial metabolic activity. METHODS--Twenty five patients with seropositive RA, 12 achlorhydric control subjects, and 11 control subjects with normal gastric acid secretion were investigated. Disease activity was evaluated in the patients with RA by three different indices. Eight (32%) of the patients with RA had hypochlorhydria or achlorhydria. The acid secretory capacity was determined with pentagastrin stimulation. A modified Crosby capsule was used to obtain biopsy specimens and samples of intestinal fluid from the proximal jejunum; aerobic and anaerobic microbial cultivation of mucosal specimens/intestinal fluid was carried out, and gas production and microflora associated characteristics in jejunal fluid were determined. Additionally, a bile acid deconjugation breath test was performed. RESULTS--Subjects with at least one of the following findings were considered to have bacterial overgrowth: positive bile acid deconjugation test; growth of Enterobacteriaceae; positive gas production; or low tryptic activity. By these criteria half of the patients with RA with hypochlorhydria or achlorhydria and half of the achlorhydric controls had bacterial overgrowth. Thirty five per cent of the patients with RA with normal gastric acid secretion had bacterial overgrowth compared with none of the normal controls. Disease activity indices and rheumatoid factor titres were significantly higher in patients with RA with bacterial overgrowth than in those without. CONCLUSIONS--A high frequency of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth was found in patients with RA; it was associated with a high disease activity and observed in patients with hypochlorhydria or achlorhydria and in those with normal acid secretion.
Pediatric Critical Care, Glycemic Control, and Hypoglycemia
Authors: Robert C. Tasker
Journal: JAMA (2012)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A CASE OF PEMPHIGUS LIMITED TO THE MUCOUS MEMBRANES.
Authors: EDMUND M. COCKS
Journal: JAMA (1906)

My object in presenting the history of a fatal case of pemphigus limited to the mucous membranes is to bring before you a case seen almost from its incipiency to a few days prior to the patient's death, a dermatosis so rare that its existence has been denied by a majority of dermatologists, Brock and Bernier claiming to have seen but four cases. <h3>History.</h3> —Mrs. B., aged 37, a thin, nervous woman, the mother of five living children, was born at Pittsburg, Pa., of German parents. She had the usual diseases of childhood and developed into a strong, healthy woman. She married at the age of 24. Her health commenced to deteriorate after a miscarriage due to overlifting. One year previous to the illness under consideration, Feb. 15, 1904, she experienced her first chill, which lasted two hours. Later in the day she menstruated. A year later she had a
Prenatal Cocaine Exposure as a Risk Factor for Later Developmental Outcomes
Authors: Lynn T. Singer
Journal: JAMA (2001)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Price of Prostatectomy
Authors: S. Argyrou, J. P. Blandy, J. G. Gow, M. Singh, G. C. Tresidder, J. Vinnicombe
Journal: BMJ (1974)

Three different urological units found that transurethral prostatectomy required a hospital stay at least one week shorter than open Millin or transvesical prostatectomy. By making transurethral resection more widely available there could be a substantial financial saving; but more surgeons would have to specialize in urology.
Long-term gonadal dysfunction and its impact on bone mineralization in patients following COPP/ABVD chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease
Authors: E.-D. Kreuser, D. Felsenberg, C. Behles, H. Seibt-Jung, M. Mielcarek, V. Diehl, E. Dahmen, E. Thiel
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1992)
Specific targeting of IL-6 signalling pathway: a new way to treat IBD?
Authors: P DESREUMAUX
Journal: Gut (2000)

More than 200 cytokines have been identified that bind to specific receptors expressed on the surface of the target cells. They are able to trigger intracellular signalling cascades leading to the control of gene expression involved in the cellular response. Although a lot of detailed information on the signalling cascade and effects of specific cytokines on various cells has accumulated over the past few years, our understanding of cytokine functions in vivo remains very poor.

These uncertainties are particularly illustrated by the case of interleukin (IL)-6. The in vivo functions of this cytokine remain debated, IL-6 being considered alternatively as a pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokine,1 2 or sometimes as a key factor to polarise Th2 cells.3 Moreover, the IL-6 signalling is particular involving a phenomenon called trans signalling.4 Briefly, the receptor for IL-6 consists of two subunits: a ligand binding component (IL-6R) and a signal-transducing glycoprotein 130 (gp130) which is a member of the cytokine receptor superfamily (including also IL-11 and the leukaemia inhibitory factor). A soluble form of the ligand specific chain (sIL-6R), when complexed to IL-6, is capable of binding to the membrane bound gp130 and thus can elicit a signal-transduction involving STAT-3.5 This phenomenon called trans signalling introduced a novel aspect of cytokine action (fig 1).



Figure 1 
The receptor for IL-6 consists of the ligand binding component (IL-6R) and the signal-transducing gp130. The soluble form of the IL-6R may form a complex with IL-6 having the ability to bind gp130 (trans signaling) expressed by T cells and to activate the anti-apoptotic STAT-3 dependent genes bcl-2 and bcl-xl. In inflammatory diseases, targeting of IL-6 signaling pathway modulates inflammation at least in part through the regulation of T cell expansion and the expression of adhesion molecules.



In …
Narrative Review: Screening for Colorectal Cancer in Patients with a First-Degree Relative with Colonic Neoplasia
Authors: Glenn M. Eisen, David S. Weinberg
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Many patients and providers are aware that colorectal cancer (CRC) "runs in families." A patient with 1 first-degree relative with CRC has approximately twice the personal risk for CRC as a similar person without this family history. Colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer in the United States. When providers neglect to collect information on family history, they may fail to appropriately tailor recommendations for screening for CRC for many patients. This review considers the existing data and summarizes an evidence-based approach to the common clinical problem of how and when to implement screening for CRC in a patient with a family history of colonic neoplasia. The authors discuss the varying risks for CRC given the patient's age, health habits, and personal and family histories. In the context of a clinical case that focuses on the effect of a single affected first-degree relative, the authors weigh the risks and benefits of various screening alternatives and briefly address chemoprevention, genetic testing, and future directions in screening for CRC.
Lysosomal hydrolases of the epidermis.
Authors: P.D. MIER, JOSE J.M.A. HURK
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1975)

Seven distinct glycosidases (EC 3.2) have been characterized in guinea-pig epidermis. Their properties indicate them to be of lysosomal origin. The 'profile' of the epidermal glycosidases is significantly different from that reported for whole skin, the activities of beta-galactosidase and beta-acetylglucosaminidase being very high and those of the remaining enzymes relatively low in epidermis.
Inherited Variation at Chromosome 12p13.33, Including <i>RAD52</i>, Influences the Risk of Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Jianxin Shi, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Melissa Rotunno, Yufei Wang, Angela C. Pesatori, Dario Consonni, Peng Li, William Wheeler, Peter Broderick, Marc Henrion, Timothy Eisen, Zhaoming Wang, Wei Chen, Qiong Dong, Demetrius Albanes, Michael Thun, Margaret R. Spitz, Pier Alberto Bertazzi, Neil E. Caporaso, Stephen J. Chanock, Christopher I. Amos, Richard S. Houlston, Maria Teresa Landi
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2011)

Although lung cancer is largely caused by tobacco smoking, inherited genetic factors play a role in its etiology. Genome-wide association studies in Europeans have only robustly demonstrated 3 polymorphic variations that influence the risk of lung cancer. Tumor heterogeneity may have hampered the detection of association signal when all lung cancer subtypes were analyzed together. In a genome-wide association study of 5,355 European ever-smoker lung cancer patients and 4,344 smoking control subjects, we conducted a pathway-based analysis in lung cancer histologic subtypes with 19,082 single-nucleotide polymorphisms mapping to 917 genes in the HuGE-defined "inflammation" pathway. We identified a susceptibility locus for squamous cell lung carcinoma at 12p13.33 (RAD52, rs6489769) and replicated the association in 3 independent studies totaling 3,359 squamous cell lung carcinoma cases and 9,100 controls (OR = 1.20, P(combined) = 2.3 × 10(-8)).
New South Wales cracks down on commercial scanning
Authors: C. Zinn
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Medical entrepreneurs who run Australia's fast growing whole body scanning industry have vowed to fight a government crackdown on the practice after claims that the procedure poses a danger from radiation.

The New South Wales government has imposed a range of new conditions on operators of the computed tomography (CT) scanners, which can identify a range of health conditions.

New South Wales health minister Morris Iemma said owners and operators of CT machines could now face fines of up to $A165 000 (£66 000; $110 000; €93 000) or two years in jail, or both, for breaches of …
Ethics and the Medical Record
Authors: Fritz Baumgartner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2002)

Letters3 December 2002Ethics and the Medical RecordFritz Baumgartner, MDFritz Baumgartner, MDHarbor–UCLA Medical Center; Torrance, CA 90509Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-11-200212030-00019 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Dr. Tauber (1) addresses the phenomenon of a generation of physicians well equipped with technology but poorly adapted to manage the critical bioethical issues involving that very same technology. The partial solution he proposes is to include a section titled “Ethical Concerns” within the medical records. This could stir up a bit of controversy, especially if the physician documenting ethical concerns abides by the Hippocratic Oath. What, after all, does our medical oath say? The original Hippocratic Oath, the same one I took upon graduating from the University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine in 1984, ...References1. Tauber AI. Putting ethics into the medical record. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:559-63. [PMID: 11926802] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Baumgartner F. Moral leadership and the issue of abortion [Letter]. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2001; 184:1582; discussion 1583. [PMID: 11408885] Google Scholar3. Baumgarter F. Navigating the slippery slope. Southern California Physician. 2002 (March):9. Google Scholar4. Ivy AC. Nazi war crimes of a medical nature. JAMA. 1949;139:131-6. CrossrefGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Harbor–UCLA Medical Center; Torrance, CA 90509 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPutting Ethics into the Medical Record Alfred I. Tauber Ethics and the Medical Record Alfred I. Tauber Ethics and the Medical Record Timothy J. Drehmer , Mary White , and Barbara L. Schuster Metrics 3 December 2002Volume 137, Issue 11Page: 933KeywordsAttentionChartsCyclic adenosine monophosphateDecision makingEmotionsHand strengthIn vitro fertilizationMedical ethicsTransplantation ePublished: 3 December 2002 Issue Published: 3 December 2002 CopyrightCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Cobalamin and the Nervous System
Authors: William S. Beck
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

To the stalwart little band of investigators of vitamin B12 — now more rationally termed cobalamin — there is comfort in knowing that the stream of important scientific problems will never end. If the past is any guide to the future, they will be difficult problems inciting tumult and controversy, and in the end they will yield broad biologic insights and many surprises.Certainly these have been the hallmarks of the rich history of cobalamin research to date.1 It began with the Nobel prize–winning observation of Minot and Murphy that feeding the patient liver reverses the disastrous course of . . .
A percutaneous approach to cardiac haemodynamics in anaesthetised rats
Authors: M. CIULLA, R. MEAZZA, N. ROBERTS, G. BRANZI, F. MAGRINI
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1989)

Established methods for evaluating cardiac function in small animals involve surgical manoeuvres. We describe a method for evaluating left ventricular volume (LVV) and pressure (LVP) in anaesthetised adult rats. Under fluoroscopic control a 23 G needle was inserted into the left ventricular cavity of anaesthetised normotensive WKY rats. LVV was determined by biplane angiography and LVP was measured directly. Surface electrocardiograms were recorded throughout the procedure. In 8 animals the study was repeated three times, one week apart. Animals were then sacrificed and tissues harvested for histological examination. In 8 rats, the technique was found to be reproducible and there was no evidence of functional (ECG) or pathological myocardial damage following repeated measurements. In conclusion this technique provides a reproducible method of measuring LVV and LVP, allowing longitudinal haemodynamic studies in anaesthetised rats.
On possible discontinuities between human and nonhuman minds
Authors: Edward A. Wasserman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract The history of comparative psychology is replete with proclamations of human uniqueness. Locke and Morgan denied animals relational thought; Darwin opened the door to that possibility. Penn et al. may be too quick to dismiss the cognitive competences of animals. The developmental precursors to relational thought in humans are not yet known; providing animals those prerequisite experiences may promote more advanced relational thought.
What is a good death?: A painless exit is an index of how well you lived your life
Authors: S. S. Murti
Journal: BMJ (2003)

Editor—Smith's Editor's Choice about the rarity of a privileged death1 reminded me of my father's observation: A painless exit is an index of how moral and helpful your earthly life has been.

I have not had occasion to test its veracity yet, but I think that his admonition has kept me straight more than once.
STUDIES ON GANGRENE FOLLOWING COLD INJURY. V. THE USE OF FLUORESCEIN AS AN INDICATOR OF LOCAL BLOOD FLOW: FLUORESCEIN TESTS IN EXPERIMENTAL FROSTBITE 1
Authors: J. M. Crismon, Frederick A. Fuhrman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1947)

The application of the fluorescein test to the study of frostbite has been described recently by Lange and Boyd (1).In the course of studies of experimental frostbite carried on in this lab- oratory, certain of the results obtained with the fluorescein test have been difficult to explaih on the basis of interpretations suggested by the proposers of the method.Two groups of ex- periments were undertaken in order to study certain aspects of fluorescein exchange not already reported in the literature.The first group of experiments consisted of studies on normal rabbits of skin fluorescence and fluorescein dis- tribution in body fluids: these have been presented previously (2).The present paper reports the second group of studies carried out on normal rabbits and on rabbits subjected to severe cold injury. METHODThe techniques employed in the fluorescein test, the measurement of skin fluorescence after the injection of fluorescein, and the analysis of body fluids for fluorescein were described previously (2).Skin fluorescence under ultraviolet light was photographed with a Kodak Recomar having a Kodak anastigmat lens, f. 4.5 of 105 mm.focal length.Black and white photographs were taken at f.8 on Ansco Superpan Press film with exposure times of 15 seconds through a Wratten No. 15 filter or 90 seconds through a Wratten No. 62 filter.The animals used in all of the experiments were adult New Zealand white rabbits from a uniform strain. RESULTS FJuorescence in normal skinWhen the intravenous injection of fluorescein was made while the animals were exposed to ultraviolet light, bright greenish-yellow fluores-
RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE ABDOMINAL SURGEON.Presidential Address delivered before the Tri-State Medical Society.
Authors: RICHARD DOUGLAS
Journal: JAMA (1894)

I take this, the first opportunity since my elevation to the honored position as President of the Tri-State Medical Society, to thank you for the undeserved and unsolicited expression of your confidence and regard. Conflicting emotions of pride and dismay possess me in entering upon the duties of the office. The magnificent program we have presented for your entertainment and instruction, is convincing evidence that within the compass of this organization there are men alive to every recent issue that has created a ripple on the waters of the vast professional sea, and that these contributions, many of which you have enjoyed, attest the thoroughness and excellence of their work. Impressed with our competency to present to the world transactions of the highest order, I feel impelled to take this occasion to urge the immediate necessity of systematizing our work. As a Society and individuals, we are prone to dissipate