tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
RATES OF PARAVALVULAR AORTIC REGURGITATION WITH MDCT NOMINAL AREA OVERSIZING OR UNDERSIZING AFTER TRANSCATHETER HEART VALVE REPLACEMENT WITH THE SAPIEN 3: A COMPARISON WITH THE SAPIEN XT
Authors: Tae-Hyun Yang, Danny Dvir, John Webb, Rekha Raju, Bruce Precious, Adam Berger, Rebecca Hahn, Wael Jaber, Philippe Pibarot, Susheel Kodali, Vinod Thourani, Martyn Thomas, Alec Vahanian, Hendrik Treede, Martin Leon, Thomas Walther, Jonathon Leipsic
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Speed
Authors: Thomas P. Stossel
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1985)

A COLLEAGUE was recently asked by the editor of a prestigious general scientific journal to review a paper on a trendy topic within 24 hours. The request was made on a Monday, and my colleague was instructed to report his opinion by telephone, so that the paper, if acceptable, could be in press by Friday. He reviewed the paper and told the editor that it was interesting but could be markedly improved by inclusion of additional information. The editor, however, was unwilling to delay publication of the paper and published it as it was within a week.A second colleague . . .
WOODLING'S ETHER CONE.
Authors: E. Woodling
Journal: JAMA (1897)

Gauze lined; ready for use; clean, convenient. Use once and throw away. It consists of a strong paper cone and separate gauze lining, with impervious tissue paper between. The cone is folded in, around its mouth, so as to more securely hold the lining and also obtain a smooth surface to come in contact with the patient's face. The trough formed by this fold catches any surplus ether and it is reabsorbed by the lining instead of running out over the patient's face. These cones are cheaper than cleaning and replacing the lining in any permanent inhaler, besides saving the cost of the latter. A clean, new cone for each patient.
Molecular detection of Treponema pallidum in secondary and tertiary syphilis
Authors: N. ZOECHLING, E.M. SCHLUEPEN, H.P. SOYER, H. KERL, M. VOLKENANDT
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Treponema pallidum can be detected by conventional techniques such as dark-field microscopy, immunofluorescence or the rabbit infectivity test, in large numbers in the skin lesions of primary and early secondary syphilis. In the skin lesions of late secondary and tertiary syphilis, conventional techniques fail to detect spirochaetes in general, perhaps due to increasing degeneration and the disappearance of treponemal spirochaetes in late syphilitic skin lesions. We used the highly sensitive technique of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to prove the presence of Treponema pallidum-specific DNA in six lesions of late secondary syphilis and seven lesions of tertiary syphilis, including one syphilitic gumma. A Whartin-Starry stain was carried out in all 13 specimens and did not reveal any treponemal structures. Treponema pallidum-specific DNA was amplified by PCR in four of six cases of secondary syphilis and in the syphilitic gumma. These results are in favour of a direct cell-mediated immune reaction directed against treponemal antigen rather than the concept of an Id-reaction. Beside the usefulness of a PCR-based assay for understanding the aetiology of lesions of late syphilis, the assay described can be of clinical importance in various situations where traditional methods fail to detect Treponema pallidum because of lack of sensitivity.
Abstract B29: Increased vertebral marrow adiposity in long-term survivors of pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant is associated with deficits in trabecular microarchitecture
Authors: Sogol Mostoufi-Moab, Wenli Sun, Jeremy Magland, Elizabeth Isaacoff, Nancy J. Bunin, Jill P. Ginsberg, Felix Wehrli, Justine Shults, Mary B. Leonard
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Background: As treatment-related mortality following allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (alloHSCT) declines, a major unmet need is the identification and prevention of late effects. Long-term survivors of hematologic malignancies requiring alloHSCT show impaired bone density and structure with excess whole body adiposity (Mostoufi-Moab, JBMR, 2012). Marrow adipocytes share common mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) with bone-forming osteoblasts, with an inverse relation between MSC differentiation into osteoblasts or adipocytes. The impact of alloHSCT and total body irradiation (TBI) on marrow adipose tissue (MAT) and trabecular bone microarchitecture (TBA) has not been addressed. Methods: Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) and high-resolution structural imaging were used to quantify vertebral MAT and distal tibia TBA on a 1.5 Tesla magnet. Twenty-five alloHSCT recipients with underlying diagnosis of acute leukemia, ages 12-24 years, were enrolled, a median of 11 years (range 5-19) after alloHSCT and TBI, and compared with age-, sex- and race-matched healthy controls. Results: AlloHSCT survivors had lower height Z-scores (-1.39 ± 0.98 vs. -0.04 ± 0.98; p &amp;lt; 0.001), compared with controls, while BMI Z-scores did not differ. Overall, greater MAT was associated with lower bone volume fraction (BVF), R = -0.57, p &amp;lt; 0.001. AlloHSCT was associated with higher mean (± SD) vertebral fat fraction (59.0 ± 11.3 vs. 29.3 ± 9.9; p &amp;lt; 0.001) and trabecular deficits including lower bone volume fraction (β -0.01; 95% CI -0.12, -0.00; p=0.02) and evidence of abnormal microarchitecture [greater erosion (p=0.01) with a more rod like structure (p=0.02)], vs. controls. TBA deficits were more pronounced in female alloHSCT recipients. Growth hormone deficiency was not associated with MAT or bone deficits. Conclusion: Survivors of childhood alloHSCT after TBI demonstrate marked increases in vertebral MAT combined with abnormal trabecular bone microarchitecture. Future studies are needed to determine the metabolic effects and fracture implications of excess MAT, and to identify therapies for improved bone accrual following childhood alloHSCT. Citation Format: Sogol Mostoufi-Moab, Wenli Sun, Jeremy Magland, Elizabeth Isaacoff, Nancy J. Bunin, Jill P. Ginsberg, Felix Wehrli, Justine Shults, Mary B. Leonard. Increased vertebral marrow adiposity in long-term survivors of pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant is associated with deficits in trabecular microarchitecture. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pediatric Cancer at the Crossroads: Translating Discovery into Improved Outcomes; Nov 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;74(20 Suppl):Abstract nr B29.
Multicenter trial of intravenous Anisoylated Plasminogen Streptokinase Activator Complex (APSAC) in acute myocardial infarction: Effects on infarct size and left, ventricular function
Authors: Jean-Pierre Bassand, Jacques Machecourt, Jean Cassagnes, Thierry Anguenot, René Lusson, Elisabeth Borel, Patricia Peycelon, Etienne Wolf, Dominique Ducellier
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1989)
Microencapsulated cell-mediated treatment of inoperable pancreatic carcinoma
Authors: Matthias Löhr, Anne Hoffmeyer, Jens-Christian Kröger, Mathias Freund, Johannes Hain, Albrecht Holle, Peter Karle, Wolfram T Knöfel, Stefan Liebe, Petra Müller, Horst Nizze, Matthias Renner, Robert M Saller, Thomas Wagner, Karlheinz Hauenstein, Walter H Günzburg, Brian Salmons
Journal: The Lancet (2001)
Surgical haemorrhage in patients given prophylactic heparin.
Authors: R G Faber
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Hazard of chemical sympathectomy SIR,-The essential requirement in performing injections with neurolytic solutions is firstly to ensure correct needle placement and secondly to make sure that the solution spreads in the correct tissue plane so as to destroy only the intended nervous tissue.Drs J M B Burn and L Langdon (29 April, p 1143) deny the need for radiological control for chemical sympath- ectomies on the grounds of expediency and on the basis of their own experience.They miss the point that cases of paraplegia, including the one described by Dr R C Smith and others (4 March, p 552), have occurred for the very reason that the operator was unaware of any error in the needle placement or aberrant spread of solution.The potential for in- accurate needle placement is well illustrated in the study by Brechner and Brechner,' who showed that even with technical proficiency check x-rays after final positioning will show up to 400o error in needle placement.When x-ray control with an image in- tensifier is used from the start accurate placement of the needles is very rapid, reducing patient discomfort to a minimum.The satis- factory position of the needles having been seen, subsequent injection of radio-opaque solution then determines the accuracy and extent of spread, allowing for minor adjustments when an occasional intravascular dispersion is seen.We therefore strongly recom- mend, as the safest practice, that all neurolytic injections in the region of the vertebral column should be made under x-ray control.
Effect of correcting outcome data for case mix: an example from stroke medicine
Authors: R. J Davenport, M. S Dennis, C. P Warlow
Journal: BMJ (1996)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To show the influence of variations in case mix on clinical outcome indicators for patients admitted to hospital with acute stroke. <b>Design</b>: "Before and after" cohort study, with prospective, consecutive identification of patients and prospective follow up; multiple logistic regression analyses to correct for case mix variations. <b>Setting</b>: University teaching hospital. <b>Subjects</b>: 216 patients with stroke identified before the introduction of an organised stroke service, and 252 patients with stroke identified after its introduction. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Case fatality at 30 days and 12 months; for survivors at 12 months, proportions of patients who were independent (according to the Oxford handicap scale) and of those living at home. <b>Results</b>: Crude outcome data suggested that patients in the cohort identified after the introduction of the stroke service were significantly more likely to be alive, independent, and living at home than patients managed before the stroke service. After adjustment for age and sex these "improvements" were less impressive but still significant. After adjustment for many other possible prognostic indicators, however, the differences between the two groups for all four outcomes were non-significant, suggesting that the "improvements" may have been entirely due to differences in case mix between the two cohorts, rather than the new stroke service. <b>Conclusions</b>: Variations in case mix have a crucial influence on the interpretation of outcome data, and this is particularly important in non-randomised comparative studies. Such studies, comparing performance within and between different provider units, are likely to become increasingly common in the new reformed NHS. To allow meaningful interpretation, these studies must try to correct for case mix. <h3>Key messages</h3> Variations in case mix wield a vital influence over outcome The government has published clinical outcome indicators for several diseases in Scottish hospitals that have not been adequately corrected for case mix Interpretation of outcome data from non- randomised studies may be confounded by case mix, and researchers must try to adjust their data for case mix variables to allow meaningful comparisons
Overexpression of Interleukin-1β Induces Gastric Inflammation and Cancer and Mobilizes Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Mice
Authors: Shuiping Tu, Govind Bhagat, Guanglin Cui, Shigeo Takaishi, Evelyn A. Kurt-Jones, Barry Rickman, Kelly S. Betz, Melitta Penz-Oesterreicher, Olle Bjorkdahl, James G. Fox, Timothy C. Wang
Journal: Cancer Cell (2008)
Pericapillary Gas and Water Distribution Volumes of the Lung Calculated from Multiple Indicator Dilution Curves
Authors: LLOYD H. RAMSEY, WALTER PUCKETT, ANTHONY JOSE, WILLIAM W. LACY
Journal: Circulation Research (1964)

Simultaneous indicator dilution curves of albumin I 131 , tritiated water, and an inert gas are identical when the indicators do not traverse a capillary bed. When the same three indicators traverse the pulmonary capillaries before sampling, the shapes of the tritiated water and inert gas dilution curves are altered by movement of these two indicators into an extravascular water space and gas space respectively. The arithmetical difference between the distribution volumes of albumin I 131 and tritiated water measures a functional extravascular water space in the lungs. The difference between tritiated water and inert gas distribution volumes is a measure of a lung gas volume in contact with perfusing capillaries. Pericapillary water distribution volume in normal dogs was found to be 4.2 ± 0.8 ml/kg and the gas distribution volume 24 ± 6 ml/kg. In normal human subjects the respective values were 1.1 ± 0.3 ml/cm height and 1.80 ± 0.28 liters/m 2 of body surface area. Changes in both gas and water distribution volumes were observed as a result of experimental pulmonary edema in dogs and in various forms of pulmonary disease in man.
A BAYESEAN PRE-PROCESSOR FOR SPECT
Authors: Douglas A. Ortendahl, Louis T. Kircos, Robert S. Hattner, Donald Faulkner, Robert L. Taylor
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1984)

The standard algorithm used for SPECT reconstruction requires, as in x-ray CT, the selection of a one-dimensional window function. But one-dimensional filtering of the rotation views is inappropriate in SPECT where the “footprint” of the camera-collimator point spread function (PSF) is large compared to the desired SPECT section thickness. A Bayesean deblurring algorithm which has previously been shown to offer improved contrast and resolution in planar images is now being used to ameliorate the problems presented by this large PSF by pre-processing the rotation views two-dimensionally to remove some of the blurring caused by the collimator. After pre-processing, a ramp filter with the cut-off frequency at the Nyquist level may be used for the reconstruction giving improved resolution and contrast over SPECT images without Bayesean processing and using conventional window functions. This algorithm has been successfully applied to the problem of imaging the facial skeleton. A series of normal patients and those with craniomandibular disorders of unknown origin were imaged using 20 mCi Tc-99m MDP. TMJ arthropathy involving either the glenoid fossa or the mandibular condyle, orthopedic changes involving the mandible or maxilla, localized dental pathosis, as well as changes in structures peripheral to the facial skeleton were identified. Bayesean pre-processed SPECT depicted the facial skeleton more clearly as well as providing a more obvious demonstration of the bony changes associated with craniomandibular disorders than SPECT without pre-processing.
Norepinephrine induces cardiac heat shock protein 70 and delayed cardioprotection in the rat through α1 adrenoceptors
Authors: Xianzhong Meng, James M. Brown, Lihua Ao, Anirban Banerjee, Alden H. Harken
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (1996)

Objective: Previous studies have demonstrated that norepinephrine (NE) confers immediate cardioprotection against ischemia and reperfusion injuries. The present study tests the hypothesis that in vivo treatment with NE induces delayed cardioprotection against postischemic dysfunction in the rat heart which is associated with expression of c-fos and heat shock protein (HSP) 70 in the myocardium. Methods: Rats were treated with NE (3.1 μmol/kg, ip) and hearts isolated and perfused with a modified Langendorff technique 2 or 24 h after injection. Left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were recorded during 25 min normothermic global ischemia and 40 min reperfusion. Total RNA was extracted from left ventricular tissue at various time points and Northern hybridization was applied to detect c-fos and HSP70 mRNAs. Expression and distribution of c-fos and HSP72 proteins in the myocardium were examined by immunohistochemical staining. Results: In vivo NE treatment improved postischemic recovery of both LVDP and LVEDP in the hearts isolated at 24 h after treatment but not in those isolated at 2 h. LVDP was 68.9 ± 4.8 mmHg in NE 24 h group at the end of reperfusion in comparison to 43.6 ± 2.9 mmHg in saline control group (P < 0.01). Pretreatment with prazosin abolished NE-induced cardioprotection while propranolol pretreatment had no effect. Northern analysis demonstrated rapid and transient increases in c-fos and HSP70 mRNAs in the myocardium after NE treatment. Accumulation of c-fos protein was observed at 3 h and increased amount of HSP72 protein was demonstrated at 24 h in the myocardium. Pretreatment of rats with prazosin eliminated NE-induced increase in cardiac HSP70 mRNA. Conclusions: The results suggest that in vivo treatment with NE upregulates the expression of c-fos and HSP70 in the myocardium and induces delayed protection against postischemic myocardial dysfunction in the isolated rat heart. Induction of both the expression of cardiac HSP70 and the delayed cardioprotection by NE appears to be mediated by α1 adrenoceptors.
Systematic reviews provide information not contained in traditional narrative reviews
Authors: D. Henry
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Nicotine replacement therapy should be prescribable on NHSEditor-I welcome the publication of the open letter to the prime minister about tobacco-the most important preventable cause of death in Europe. 1 As Jo E Asvall points out in the letter, tobacco control demands the support of, and action by, the total government, not just the Department of Health.Among the actions Asvall calls for is that "support for smoking cessation is made widely available, particularly through primary health care professionals, including doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and dentists."Nicotine replacement therapy (nicotine gum, patches, nasal spray, and oral inhaler) is now fully established as an effective adjunct to such professional advice and support.Systematic review of many trials has shown a doubling of sustained smoking cessation when nicotine replacement therapy is compared with placebo. 2 The offer of nicotine patches to motivated subjects for a week in the first instance could be a useful policy. 3 But the recommendation of such therapy by health professionals and the use of such therapy by smokers are severely limited by NHS "blacklisting."I can prescribe on the NHS for alcohol problems and even obesity.I can also prescribe for tobacco addiction-but only products of unproved efficacy for this problem, such as tranquillisers and antidepressants, not one of proved effectiveness.Why not nicotine replacement therapy?So much for evidence based medicine.
525. Optimized Gene Transfer into Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Embryonic Stem Cells by Modified Adenovirus Vectors
Authors: Hiroyuki Mizuguchi, Kenji Kawabata, Fuminori Sakurai, Tomomi Sasaki, Teruhide Yamaguchi, Takao Hayakawa
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2005)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and embryonic stem (ES) cells are considered a source of cells for regenerative medicine and for cell and gene therapy. Efficient gene transfer into MSCs and ES cells is essential for basic research into cellular differentiation and developmental biology and for therapeutic applications in gene-modified regenerative medicine. In this study, we optimized the transduction of MSCs and ES cells by means of various types of adenovirus (Ad) vectors. We optimized fiber-modifications and promoter sequences. Following fiber-modified vectors were used: Ad vectors containing an RGD peptide in the HI loop of the fiber knob; Ad vectors containing a polylysine peptide in the C-terminal of the fiber knob; and Ad vectors containing a fiber protein derived from the Ad type 35. For optimization of the promoter sequences, EF-1|[alpha]|, CMV, CMV with intron A, and CA (|[beta]|-actin promoter/CMV enhancer) promoters were tested. An Escherichia coli |[beta]|-galactosidase (LacZ) gene was used as a reporter gene.
Among Latchkey Children Problems: Insufficient Day-care Facilities, Data on Possible Harm
Authors: Jody W. Zylke
Journal: JAMA (1988)

ALTHOUGH infant day care has stimulated much research, publicity, and controversy, when the number of children affected is considered, this type of care is not that which is most needed. Two thirds of the need for child care is for school-aged children. Unfortunately, supply has not kept up with demand, forcing many families to leave their children alone for a few hours after school. The estimates of the number of these "latchkey children" range from 2 million to 10 million children nationwide. <h3>Are There Adverse Effects?</h3> Like infant day care, parents and researchers wonder if the latchkey arrangement is harmful to children. Although much less research has been done in this area, that which does exist "kind of looks like infant day care. There's one group that says it's awful to be a latchkey kid.... [Others] don't find negative psychological consequences," comments Edward Zigler, PhD, Sterling Professor of Psychology, Yale
Imatinib Attenuates Diabetic Nephropathy in Apolipoprotein E-Knockout Mice
Authors: Markus Lassila, Karin Jandeleit-Dahm, Kwee K. Seah, Craig M. Smith, Anna C. Calkin, Terri J. Allen, Mark E. Cooper
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2005)

In the diabetic kidney, clinical as well as experimental observations have shown an upregulation of growth factors such as PDGF. These studies, however, were not designed to address whether upregulation of PDGF is merely a manifestation of diabetic renal injury or whether PDGF plays an active role in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy. The objectives of this study were first to assess whether PDGF-dependent pathways are involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy and second to determine the effects of PDGF receptor antagonism on this disorder and associated molecular and cellular processes. This study used the diabetic apolipoprotein E-knockout (apoE-KO) mouse, a recently described model of accelerated diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin in 6-wk-old apoE-KO mice. Diabetic animals received treatment with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits PDGF action, imatinib (STI-571, 10 mg/kg per d orally) or no treatment for 20 wk. Nondiabetic apoE-KO mice served as controls. This model of accelerated renal disease with albuminuria as well as glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury was associated with increased renal expression of PDGF-B, proliferating cells, and α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells. Furthermore, there was increased accumulation of type I and type IV collagen as well as macrophage infiltration. Imatinib treatment ameliorated both renal functional and structural parameters of diabetes as well as overexpression of a number of growth factors, collagens, proliferating cells, α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells, and macrophage infiltration within the kidney. Tyrosine kinase inhibition with imatinib seems to retard the development of experimental diabetic nephropathy.
Expression of HOX11 in childhood T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia can occur in the absence of cytogenetic aberration at 10q24: a study from the Children's Cancer Group (CCG)
Authors: U R Kees, N A Heerema, R Kumar, P M Watt, D L Baker, M K La, F M Uckun, H N Sather
Journal: Leukemia (2003)
A Brilliant Case of Erythrasma
Authors: Scott D Miller, Kathleen David-Bajar
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2004)

A 61-year-old man presented with a reddish brown rash in his groin; he had had the rash for more than 30 years and described it as mildly pruritic. After the rash had failed to clear with the use of numerous prescription and over-the-counter antifungal agents, topical corticosteroid preparations of various strengths, emollients, and home remedies, the patient finally attributed the condition to staining of his skin from dark-colored underclothes. Physical examination revealed a diffuse, brownish, scaly plaque in bilateral intracrural areas of his groin, with well-demarcated sparing of the occluded portions of the intertriginous creases (Panel A). The plaque did . . .