tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Education on the Dangers of Passive Smoking
Authors: Rebecca E. Schane, Stanton A. Glantz
Journal: Circulation (2008)

P assive smoking causes approximately 50 000 deaths an- nually in the United States, with the vast majority of these deaths due to heart disease. 1 The effects of secondhand smoke on many pathophysiological mediators of coronary artery disease are nearly as large as those of active smoking, including impaired platelet function, 2 damage to vascular endothelium and its associated repair mechanisms, 3 a rise in inflammatory molecules, and dysfunctional lipid metabolism (Figure). 2The large literature on passive smoking is not limited to cardiovascular disease.Passive smoking causes lung cancer, head and neck cancers, respiratory infections, and obstructive lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma) and has been linked with breast cancer in younger women. 1,4Although as of 2008, more than half of the United States was covered by legislation that limits tobacco use in public places and workplaces, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that nearly one half of US nonsmokers continue to be exposed to secondhand smoke.
Vascular Effects of Ultrafine Particles in Persons with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Judith C. Stewart, David C. Chalupa, Robert B. Devlin, Lauren M. Frasier, Li-Shan Huang, Erika L. Little, Steven M. Lee, Richard P. Phipps, Anthony P. Pietropaoli, Mark B. Taubman, Mark J. Utell, Mark W. Frampton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2010)

Diabetes confers an increased risk for cardiovascular effects of airborne particles.We hypothesized that inhalation of elemental carbon ultrafine particles (UFP) would activate blood platelets and vascular endothelium in people with type 2 diabetes.In a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial, 19 subjects with type 2 diabetes inhaled filtered air or 50 µg/m³ elemental carbon UFP (count median diameter, 32 nm) by mouthpiece for 2 hr at rest. We repeatedly measured markers of vascular activation, coagulation, and systemic inflammation before and after exposure.Compared with air, particle exposure increased platelet expression of CD40 ligand (CD40L) and the number of platelet-leukocyte conjugates 3.5 hr after exposure. Soluble CD40L decreased with UFP exposure. Plasma von Willebrand factor increased immediately after exposure. There were no effects of particles on plasma tissue factor, coagulation factors VII or IX, or D-dimer.Inhalation of elemental carbon UFP for 2-hr transiently activated platelets, and possibly the vascular endothelium, in people with type 2 diabetes.
Psychomotor Epilepsy: A Polydimensional Study
Authors: Tilde S. Kline
Journal: JAMA (1974)

This valuable cross-disciplinary approach to the mysterious biological phenomenon of the psychomotor seizure activity is most welcome, especially at this time. Dr. Jovanovic has created a remarkable book that in upto-date fashion reviews the multiple aspects of this complex symptom whose origin is in the temporal lobe. Anatomically and even etiologically, the author lists psychomotor seizures as arising from areas of excitement in the temporal lobe, which he entitles the first barrier; the medical structure of the brain he calls the second barrier; the neocortical areas, the third barrier; the lower parts of the brain stem, the fourth barrier, and finally, he lists the spinal cord as the fifth barrier. He agrees that the most common psychomotor firing comes forth from the hippocampal gyrus or the hippocampus itself. For a condition so complicated and at the same time such a diagnostic challenge, the author has written a text of unquestioned
BCR‐ABL positive chronic myeloid leukemia with concurrent <i>JAK2</i><sup><i>V617F</i></sup> positive myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm (RARS‐T)
Authors: Stefan Gattenlohner, Hans‐Ulrich Völker, Benjamin Etschmann, Hermann Einsele, Hans‐Konrad Müller‐Hermelink
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2008)
The objects of attention: Causes and targets
Authors: Ingar Brinck
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2003)

The objects of attention can be located anywhere along the causal link from the source of stimuli to the final output of the vision system. As causes, they attract and control attention, and as products, they constitute targets of analysis and explicit comments. Stimulus-driven indexing creates pointers that support fast and frugal cognition.
Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia
Authors: Suzanne M. Jan de Beur
Journal: JAMA (2005)

Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare paraneoplastic form of renal phosphate wasting that results in severe hypophosphatemia, a defect in vitamin D metabolism, and osteomalacia. This debilitating disorder is illustrated by the clinical presentation of a 55-year-old woman with progressive fatigue, weakness, and muscle and bone pain with fractures. After a protracted clinical course and extensive laboratory evaluation, tumor-induced osteomalacia was identified as the basis of her clinical presentation. In this article, the distinctive clinical characteristics of this syndrome, the advances in diagnosis of TIO, and new insights into the pathophysiology of this disorder are discussed.
ANOTHER LOOK AT HOMOSEXUALITY
Authors: Stuart C. Knox
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Homosexuality is another of the myriad symptom patterns exhibited by the person who has not achieved and maintained the full ability to adapt to and cope with the demands, responsibilities, and satisfactions of life at the level typical of the adult in our society. Erudite efforts have been made to classify various patterns of homosexual behavior, and exhaustive research has gone into efforts to determine some specific causality. Nevertheless, homosexuality has not and probably cannot or will not ever become a pattern which would be acceptable as normal. The degree to which it is a rejected pattern of behavior is reflected in both social attitudes and legislation. Neither of these influences has any apparent effect on the control of the problems involved. It is, in fact, such an individual matter that the person who is caught in its throes not only finds it impossible to restrain the impulses toward the
Medical informatics: the professional challenge
Authors: A. Nowlan
Journal: BMJ (1994)

LAN, WAN, PAS, PACS, and DAT—the acronyms trip off the tongue, but still most doctors ask, “What is medical informatics?” It presents an alluring vision. Take the all too familiar nightmare of a doctor in a busy outpatient clinic, reviewing for the first time a complicated case of a patient with heart disease and struggling with multiple sets of thick notes. The doctor wonders what colleagues have done previously, which treatments have been tried, what the most recent electrocardiogram and chest radiograph showed, and, above all else, whether there is a plan. Time and energy are wasted, muddle is common, and clinical errors are likely. Now imagine the doctor with a clinical information system that presents a relevant summary of the medical record with key points highlighted, indicates the stage in the protocol for managing ischaemic heart disease that has been reached, provides access to the hospital's manual of cardiac treatment, orders investigations, books a follow up visit, and sends the clinic letter automatically. The …
Role of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Wild-Type Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Scott A. Laurie, Glenwood D. Goss
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

Worldwide, the majority of patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) do not have activating mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). These wild-type patients comprise a significant proportion of those treated with inhibitors of this pathway, and data from randomized trials suggest that some of these wild-type patients will derive a modest benefit from these agents. Although the detection of an activating mutation predicts for a greater likelihood of response and longer progression-free survival from an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, currently there are no biomarkers that consistently and reproducibly predict for lack of benefit in wild-type patients. Several strategies to increase the efficacy of these inhibitors in wild-type NSCLC are the subject of ongoing investigations.
13-<i>cis</i>-Retinoic Acid in Severe Acne
Authors: Peter E. Pochi
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1979)

Acne, a common inflammatory skin disorder beginning usually in adolescence but occasionally in later years, is distressing for those whom it afflicts, principally because of its customary localization on the face. Fortunately, the disease usually disappears, and in the interval of months or years between onset and resolution, therapy, although not curative, can achieve satisfactory suppression of activity in the majority of patients.There remains, however, a small number of acne patients with severe and extensive disease who may show little or no response to intensive therapeutic efforts, including the use of high doses of oral tetracycline (2 to 3 . . .
Risk of Hepatitis to Families of Hemodialysis Patients.
Authors: Sergio Acchiardo
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1971)

Meeting Abstracts1 May 1971Risk of Hepatitis to Families of Hemodialysis Patients.Sergio Acchiardo, M.D., Richard Garibaldi, M.D., Thomas White Jr., M.D., James G. Johnson, M.D., Kira Stern, M.D., Fred E. Hatch, M.D.Sergio Acchiardo, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Richard Garibaldi, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Thomas White Jr., M.D.Search for more papers by this author, James G. Johnson, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Kira Stern, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Fred E. Hatch, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-74-5-830_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptViral hepatitis is a major risk both to staff and patients in hemodialysis units; only sporadic cases have been diagnosed in the families of dialysis patients. In 421 persons caring for home dialysis patients only 1 case was reported. (National Cooperative Study, 1969).Five of 15 asymptomatic patients had elevations of serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT) greater than 100 Sigma-Frankel units and positive hepatitis-associated antigen. Secondary spread of hepatitis occurred among the family and contacts of one of these patients. During his home dialysis training his wife sustained a needle puncture and 2 months later developed hepatitis, with a prodromal urticarial... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Sergio Acchiardo, M.D.; Richard Garibaldi, M.D.; Thomas WhiteJr., M.D.; James G. Johnson, M.D.; Kira Stern, M.D.; Fred E. Hatch, M.D.Affiliations: Memphis, Tenn. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1971Volume 74, Issue 5Page: 830-830KeywordsAminotransferasesAntigensHepatitisHepatitis AMedical dialysisSerum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1971 PDF downloadLoading ...
THAYER, CARROLL AND LAZEAR
Authors: W. S. Thayer
Journal: JAMA (1927)

<h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In the too generous editorial comment about me (The Journal, May 28, p. 1717), reference is made to my association with Carroll. It was not with Carroll but with my dear friend Lazear that I worked on the cultivation of the malarial parasites in<i>Anopheles maculipennis</i>. Lazear was a warm friend and associate. While I had met Carroll on a number of occasions, I had had little association with him before the work of the Yellow Fever Commission. Reed, of course, was a warm friend of all of us who were at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in the year '90-'91. His keenness, his enthusiasm, his ability made a great impression on all of us, and during the few months that he spent in residence at the hospital he endeared himself greatly to every one. It is one of my pleasantest memories that Reed was a member of
Is inadequate thrombopoietin production a major cause of thrombocytopenia in cirrhosis of the liver?
Authors: Markus Peck-Radosavljevic, Johannes Zacherl, Y.Gloria Meng, Johann Pidlich, Emanuel Lipinski, Friedrich Längle, Rudolf Steininger, Ferdinand Mühlbacher, Alfred Gangl
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1997)
DENTAL INFIRMARY PATIENTS: THE USE AND ABUSE OF DENTAL CHARITY.
Authors: RICHARD GRADY
Journal: JAMA (1891)

My object is to call attention to the abuse of dental charity, to illustrate its magnitude, and to protest (as every honest and independent man who wishes well to the profession and its respectability should) against the looseness with which dental colleges dispense their so-called charity—to "condemn the faultand not the actor of it;" for silence would give an indirect connection to practices which are lowering the prof ession in public estimation in the tendency of dental infirmaries to pauperize the people and to defraud dentists of rightful fees. So, judging of the proprieties and obligations of my position, I place the statements—dental infirmary patients: the use and abuse of dental charity—together, and propose to consider them in connection, because the evidence in regard to them constantly mingles. You, gentlemen, familiar as you are with recent medical literature, if not appalled at the rapid growth of the dispensary evil, fully
OPTIMIZING P2Y12–RECEPTOR INHIBITION IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME PATIENTS AFTER PCI USING PLATELET FUNCTION TESTING: IMPACT OF PRASUGREL VERSUS HIGH–DOSE CLOPIDOGREL
Authors: Daniel Aradi, Tunde Pinter, Balazs Magyari, Attila Konyi, András Vorobcsuk, Ivan G. Horvath, András Komócsi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Abstract 398: Tumor microenvironment imposes major alterations and profoundly shapes functional status of macrophages: peritoneal and tumor-associated macrophages from tumor hosts are two very different subpopulations
Authors: Marta Torroella-Kouri, Dayron Rodriguez, Risset Silvera, Mehrjad Nadji, Raul Caso, Gracielena Rodriguez, Ruben R. Gonzalez-Perez, Vijaya Iragavarapu-Charyulu, Roberto Carrio
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Macrophages are key players in the inflammatory response and exhibit significant roles in the different stages of tumor progression. We have previously reported deficient functions of peritoneal macrophages of D1-DMBA3 mammary tumors bearers (T-PEMs). We showed that T-PEMs are impaired in inflammatory activity due to diminished expression of transcription factors NFκB and C/EBP. We have also demonstrated that T-PEMs display neither M1 nor M2 phenotypes, exhibit deficiencies in the production of several inflammatory cytokines, are less differentiated and show increased apoptosis. Importantly, we showed for the first time that their apoptosis in periphery contributes to increased myelopoiesis. We examined the blood monocytes from these tumor mice and demonstrated that these cells are neither inflammatory nor suppressive and are less differentiated, similar to the T-PEMs they later become. In the present study we investigate tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) from the same tumor model and compare them with T-PEMs and with peritoneal macrophages from normal mice (N-PEMs). Our results show that TAMs downregulate IL-12p70, but upregulate IL-12p40, IL-23, IL-6 and IL-10 and chemokines and their receptors are very differently expressed in these two macrophages subpopulations. NFκB and C/EBP family members are decreased in TAMs as compared with T-PEMs, however NFκBp50 homodimers, STAT1/pSTAT1 and STAT3/pSTAT3 are all overexpressed. Moreover TAMs block T-cell proliferation and are more prone to apoptosis than T-PEMs due to a higher expression of activated caspase-3 and downregulation of Bcl-X. Our results show that T-PEMs and TAMs have equally impaired phagocytic capacity compared with fully-phagocytic N-PEMs. Moreover, TAMs constitutively express iNOS, produce nitric oxide but no arginase and are Gr-1high and CD11blow, thus are not classic myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Collectively, our results show that the exposure to different locations and tumor factor gradients determine macrophage phenotypes and functions. The tumor microenvironment, as the setting in most intimate contact with tumor cells is the one that most alters macrophage activity. Targeting tumor factors and other cells in the tumor microenvironment may allow reversion of macrophage dysfunction. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 398. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-398
Withholding Anticoagulation after a Negative Result on Duplex Ultrasonography for Suspected Symptomatic Deep Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Scott M. Stevens, C. Gregory Elliott, Karen J. Chan, Marlene J. Egger, Kirmanj M. Ahmed
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Background: Negative results on simplified compression ultrasonography cannot rule out symptomatic deep venous thrombosis (DVT) without further testing, such as repeated ultrasonography several days later. Repeated testing is costly and inconvenient, and patients are sometimes less likely to return for follow-up tests. Objective: To determine the rate of venous thromboembolism when anticoagulation is withheld in patients with symptoms of DVT of the leg after negative results on a single examination with comprehensive duplex ultrasonography. Design: Prospective clinical cohort study. Setting: Peripheral vascular laboratory of a tertiary care academic hospital. Patients: 445 consecutive patients in whom a first episode of symptomatic DVT was suspected. Intervention: The researchers examined the entire leg with comprehensive duplex ultrasonography, using compression and Doppler techniques. Anticoagulation was withheld from the group with negative results. Patients were observed for thromboembolic events for 3 months. Measurements: All patients who had new or progressive symptoms or signs of venous thromboembolism during follow-up underwent objective testing. Results: Comprehensive duplex ultrasonography yielded normal results in 384 patients (86.3%) and showed DVT in 61 patients (13.7%). Nineteen cases of DVT (31.1%) were isolated to the deep veins of the calf. Nine patients in the negative cohort (2.3%) were excluded from analysis because they received anticoagulation for reasons unrelated to venous thromboembolism. Three of 375 patients (0.80% [95% CI, 0.16% to 2.33%]) in the normal cohort had symptomatic venous thrombosis during the 3-month follow-up. All 384 patients in the negative cohort completed follow-up. Limitations: The study was conducted at a single tertiary care center by a peripheral vascular staff with substantial experience in duplex ultrasonography, which may limit the applicability of the results to other institutions. Pregnant patients were excluded. Conclusions: It is safe to withhold anticoagulation after negative results on comprehensive duplex ultrasonography in nonpregnant patients with a suspected first episode of symptomatic DVT of the leg. New or progressive symptoms should prompt further testing.
IL-7 and IL-15 instruct the generation of human memory stem T cells from naive precursors
Authors: Nicoletta Cieri, Barbara Camisa, Fabienne Cocchiarella, Mattia Forcato, Giacomo Oliveira, Elena Provasi, Attilio Bondanza, Claudio Bordignon, Jacopo Peccatori, Fabio Ciceri, Maria Teresa Lupo-Stanghellini, Fulvio Mavilio, Anna Mondino, Silvio Bicciato, Alessandra Recchia, Chiara Bonini
Journal: Blood (2012)
Assessment of Exception to Informed Consent
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

BECAUSE the great majority of ureteral stones pass on their own, observation, increased fluid intake, and pain medication when needed constitute the best way to treat most patients with ureteral calculi, recommends the American Urological Association. New treatment guidelines for the care of patients with kidney stones, which were released in September at the association's North Central Section annual meeting in Monterey, Calif, recommend more aggressive intervention only for stones larger than 5 mm in diameter or for patients with excruciating pain, urinary obstruction, or infection related to the stone Approximately 5% of the US population will develop kidney stones during their lifetime. However, about 85% of those stones will be smaller than 5 mm and can pass on their own, said Glenn M. Preminger, MD, a professor in the Department of Urology at Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, and facilitator of the expert panel that developed the guidelines
Intrathecal morphine as sole analgesic during labour.
Authors: P V Scott, F E Bowen, P Cartwright, B C Rao, D Deeley, H G Wotherspoon, I M Sumrein
Journal: BMJ (1980)

In 12 consecutive unselected patients admitted to a consultant maternity unit one single injection of subarachnoid morphine sulphate 1.5 mg abolished pain during the first stage of labour. Pain in the second stage was abolished in four patients and lessened in three. During the early puerperium, pain at the site of the episitotomy was much reduced. Side effects included itching of the face, nausea and vomiting, and frontal headache, but these were mild and simply treated. They were even less severe in the last four patients, in whom barbotage was not used in administering the morphine. The high rate of forceps delivery and caesarean section (three cases of each) was not thought to be associated with the use of intrathecal morphine. These findings show that intrathecal morphine can abolish the pain of labour, whether spontaneous or induced, while preserving the mother's full awareness of labour and her co-operation in the second and third stages of labour. Further, controlled, trials are warranted.
The Employment and Placement of Handicapped Persons in Industry
Authors: Harvey Bartle
Journal: JAMA (2015)

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