tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of hypertonic saline, amiloride, and cough on mucociliary clearance in patients with cystic fibrosis.
Authors: M Robinson, J A Regnis, D L Bailey, M King, G J Bautovich, P T Bye
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1996)

In patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), dehydration of airway secretions leads to a decrease in mucociliary clearance (MCC). We examined the acute effect of MCC of a single administration by aerosolization of hypertonic saline (7%) (HS), amiloride (0.3% in 0.12% NaCl) (AML) and a combination of AML and HS (AML + HS) in 12 patients with CF using a radioaerosol technique. Isotonic saline [0.9%] (IS) was used as a control solution. As both the AML and HS solutions induced cough in some patients, the last nine patients studied also underwent a cough clearance day. This was to eliminate the possible confounding effect of cough on MCC measurement. Patients ranged from 18 to 28 yr (mean +/- SD, 22 +/- 3) with an FEV1 of 27 to 112% predicted (61 +/- 30%). Following deposition of the radioaerosol, baseline clearance was assessed for 30 min. This was followed by a 30-min intervention period. Assessment of post-intervention clearance for a further 30 min was then performed. Comparison of the amount of radioaerosol cleared from the right lung was made at 60 min (%C60) and 90 min (%C90) using repeated measures ANOVA. The percent cleared at 60 and 90 min was significantly increased with HS (%C60 = 26.5%, %C90 = 29.4%) and the combination of AML + HS (%C60 = 23.1%, %C90 = 27.4%) compared with both IS (%C60 = 14.7%, %C90 = 17.5%) and COUGH (%C60 = 18.0%, %C90 = 19.5%), p < 0.01. Inhalation of hypertonic saline is a potentially useful treatment in patients with cystic fibrosis.
Effect of inhibition of lipolysis on myocardial oxygen consumption in the presence of isoproterenol
Authors: Ole Danbolt Mjøs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

The effect of intravenous infusion of isoproterenol on myocardial oxygen consumption (MVo(2)) was studied in 10 intact and anesthetized dogs before and after inhibition of lipolysis. In five dogs lipolysis was inhibited by nicotinic acid or beta pyridyl carbinol and in five other dogs by high plasma glucose concentrations. In spite of similar mechanical responses to isoproterenol, as evidenced by left ventricular pressure, maximal rate of rise of left ventricular pressure (dP/dt), heart rate and cardiac output, augmentation of MVo(2) was larger before (on average 7.6 ml/min.100 g) than after inhibition of lipolysis either by antilipolytic drugs (on average 4.5 ml/min.100 g) (P < 0.005), or by high plasma glucose concentrations (on average 4.3 ml/min.100 g) (P < 0.02). As mechanical responses to isoproterenol were similar before and after inhibition of lipolysis, it is concluded that the additional rise in MVo(2) with intact lipolysis was caused by a metabolic stimulation by high concentrations of free fatty acids.
Proteolysis, Fibrinolysis and Coagulation: Significance in Thrombolytic Therapy.
Authors: B. Alexander, L. Pechet, A. Kliman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1961)

s1 May 1961Proteolysis, Fibrinolysis and Coagulation: Significance in Thrombolytic Therapy.B. Alexander, M.D., L. Pechet, M.D., A. Kliman, M.D.B. Alexander, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, L. Pechet, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, A. Kliman, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-54-5-1050_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptNow that infectious nutritional neonatal and other diseases are controllable, thromboembolic disease has become a major threat to life and limb. Expanding knowledge of the blood fibrinolytic system and its potential therapeutic use have stimulated renewed interest in blood proteases, particularly in relation to coagulation. Additional significance derives from their possible etiologic importance in atherosclerosis, according to the Rokitansky-Duguid-Astrup concept of imbalance between arterial wall fibrin deposition and failure of its removal.Our investigations to be presented demonstrate:1. A combination ofin vivocoagulation experimentally induced by the generalized Shwartzman reaction, with streptokinase (SK) activated plasminogen (fibrinolysin), produces profound... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1961Volume 54, Issue 5Page: 1050-1051KeywordsAtherosclerosisBloodFibrinFibrinolysisInfectious disease controlNutritionProteasesProteolysis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 May 1961 PDF downloadLoading ...
Physicians and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: A Reply to Patients
Authors: Nancy W. Dickey
Journal: JAMA (1989)

The article by Gerbert et al,<sup>1</sup>in this issue ofThe Journal, presents a number of opinions expressed by the public in response to a questionnaire. The article indicates that there is need for education of the public regarding the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), transmission of the disease, and, perhaps most important, the steps that the medical profession has taken to protect patients. There was an important lack of understanding by the public regarding transmission of the disease. Thirty-three percent believed it was likely that they could get AIDS from an infected physician. There is good statistical evidence that transmission from patient to health care worker is rare: transmission from physician to patient is even less common. There is almost no risk of a patient acquiring AIDS from his or her physician. However, "almost no risk" is too much risk for ethical physicians to ask their patients to take
A European study on the genetics of mite sensitization
Authors: Thorsten Kurz, Konstantin Strauch, Andrea Heinzmann, Sandra Braun, Martin Jung, Franz Rüschendorf, Miriam F. Moffatt, William O.C.M. Cookson, Filipe Inacio, Anna Ruffilli, Gitte Nordskov-Hansen, Gabriel Peltre, Johannes Forster, Joachim Kuehr, André Reis, Thomas F. Wienker, Klaus A. Deichmann
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2000)
Differential Diagnosis of Facial Pains
Authors: Francis I. Catlin
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Facial pain is an affliction commonly seen in the clinical practice of medicine due to the extensive sensory innervation of the head. The duality of pain perception and reaction make diagnosis difficult. Many extracranial conditions are associated with facial pain: dental conditions, lesions of the mandible and temporomandihular joint, diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses, lesions of the pharynx, nasopharynx, cervical spine, and cervical musculature. In evaluation of pain, the diagnostician should remember that the reaction to pain is often the presenting complaint. The perception of pain is equally important. Both aspects must be considered during the differential diagnosis.
Doctors.net.uk strikes a blow for trust and transparency
Authors: J. T S Quekett, T. Ringrose
Journal: BMJ (2008)

Reynolds et al are correct in saying that many deaneries promote Doctors.net.uk services to medical students and foundation doctors and that members enjoy free access to a range of information resources to support clinical practice, discussion forums, and accredited online educational modules.1 The company was founded by a doctor, has four doctors in the management team, and has a …
IFN-γ Release Assays in the Diagnosis of Latent Tuberculosis Infection among Immunocompromised Adults
Authors: Gil Redelman-Sidi, Kent A. Sepkowitz
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

Section:ChooseTop of pageAbstract <<IFN-γ Release AssaysUse of IGRAs to Diagnose ...Available GuidelinesUse of IGRAs to Diagnose ...ConclusionsReferencesCITING ARTICLES
EFFECT OF IN VITRO CULTIVATION ON THE PATHOGENICITY OF WEST NILE VIRUS
Authors: Hilary Koprowski, Edwin H. Lennette
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1946)

The West Nile virus was cultivated in suspended cell culture media employing several different tissue components, and it has been observed to survive in culture for at least 32 days. Continued propagation of the virus in vitro resulted in a change in its pathogenicity. The change lay in a marked reduction or a complete loss of the ability of the virus to produce fatal infections in mice and in hamsters on peripheral inoculation, although there was no obvious simultaneous alteration in the lethal effect of the virus by the cerebral route. In mice, the extent to which invasiveness was lost depended upon the passage level of the virus and the age of the test animals. The younger (and more susceptible) the mice, the greater the number of passages which was required to diminish the virulence of the virus by peripheral routes; after 68 passages, the virus still retained its full capacity to kill 3-day-old mice, while its ability to kill 8-day-old mice was reduced and its ability to kill mice 14 or more days of age was essentially abolished. How soon the loss of pathogenicity occurs in hamsters has not been determined. Prolonged cultivation rendered the virus avirulent for hamsters by the intraperitoneal route.
THE EFFECT OF ECLAMPTIC BLOOD UPON THE URINARY OUTPUT AND BLOOD PRESSURE OF HUMAN RECIPIENTS
Authors: Ernest W. Page
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1938)

The experiments described below were under- taken with two purposes in mind; first, to deter- mine whether the transfer of 400 cc. of blood from patients with severe preeclampsia or eclamp- sia to normal pregnant women would have any effect upon the blood pressure, urinary output, and symptomatology of the recipient; and sec- ondly, by standardization of the procedure, to discover in eclamptic blood traces of postpituitary hormone in excess of the amount which might be present in normal blood. LITERATUREThe toxicity of the blood serum in eclampsia has been studied by numerous workers with varying results.Be- tween 1890 and 1895, all workers agreed that eclamptic blood serum was more toxic to animals than normal serum.The work of Volhard (1) and Schumacher (2) did not support these conclusions.In 1920, Bumm (3) transferred blood from eclamptics to normal humans in amounts up to 1,000 cc." without demonstrating eclamptic poisons or cerebral intoxication" in the recipients.The
Predictive value of tissue plasminogen activator mass concentration on long-term mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. A 7-year follow-up.
Authors: J H Jansson, B O Olofsson, T K Nilsson
Journal: Circulation (1993)

BACKGROUND The fibrinolytic system is part of the defense against thrombotic and cardiovascular events, but so far no study has shown that clinical measurements of fibrinolytic key components such as tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) or plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) have any predictive value beyond 3 years. METHODS AND RESULTS In 1983 through 1985, 213 consecutive patients with angina pectoris and angiographically verified coronary artery disease were sampled, and the mass concentration of t-PA and the activity of PAI-1 were measured in citrated plasma samples. At a mean follow-up time of 7 years, the all-cause mortality was checked. No patient was lost to follow-up. The data were analyzed by Cox regression, and t-PA mass concentration was found to be the only laboratory risk factor significantly related to mortality in all patients (P &lt; .022) and also in the major subgroup (78% of all patients) subjected to coronary bypass surgery (P &lt; .027). In the latter subgroup, body mass index was also related to mortality. CONCLUSIONS An increased mass concentration of t-PA is a new risk factor of long-term mortality in patients with angina pectoris and coronary artery stenosis. This paradoxical effect probably reflects increased t-PA levels attributable to enzyme inhibitor complex formation in subjects with increased plasma levels of t-PA inhibitors.
Abnormal Pulmonary Accumulation of Indium-111 Chloride in Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia as Detected by Bone Marrow Scintigraphy
Authors: SHIN MATSUOKA, KATSUHIRO UCHIYAMA, YOSHIO KUNIYASU, YASUO NIIO, HIDEKI SHIMA, KATSUMI DOAI, SONOMI OISHI, YOUKO NOJIRI, HITOSHI OGATA
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2000)

Purpose: Unusual pulmonary uptake of In-111 chloride in a patient with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and autoimmune hepatitis is described. Method: In-111 chloride bone marrow scintigraphy was performed to evaluate the bone marrow activity associated with pancytopenia in a 56-year-old woman with autoimmune hepatitis. Results: An In-111 chloride bone marrow scan showed increased pulmonary uptake predominantly in both upper lung fields. P. carinii pneumonia was seen to be developing as an immunocompromised complication after treatment for autoimmune hepatitis. Conclusion: When In-111 chloride bone marrow scintigraphy shows increased uptake in the lungs of immunocompromised patients, a combined opportunistic inflammatory disease such as P. carinii pneumonia should be considered in the diagnosis.
Endobronchial Ultrasound–guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration Prevents Mediastinoscopies in the Diagnosis of Isolated Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy
Authors: Neal Navani, David R. Lawrence, Shyam Kolvekar, Martin Hayward, Dorcas McAsey, Gabrijela Kocjan, Mary Falzon, Arrigo Capitanio, Penny Shaw, Stephen Morris, Rumana Z. Omar, Sam M. Janes
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2012)

Patients with isolated mediastinal lymphadenopathy (IML) are a common presentation to physicians, and mediastinoscopy is traditionally considered the "gold standard" investigation when a pathological diagnosis is required. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is established as an alternative to mediastinoscopy in patients with lung cancer.To determine the efficacy and health care costs of EBUS-TBNA as an alternative initial investigation to mediastinoscopy in patients with isolated IML.Prospective multicenter single-arm clinical trial of 77 consecutive patients with IML from 5 centers between April 2009 and March 2011. All patients underwent EBUS-TBNA. If EBUS-TBNA did not provide a diagnosis, then participants underwent mediastinoscopy.EBUS-TBNA prevented 87% of mediastinoscopies (95% confidence interval [CI], 77-94%; P < 0.001) but failed to provide a diagnosis in 10 patients (13%), all of whom underwent mediastinoscopy. The sensitivity and negative predictive value of EBUS-TBNA in patients with IML were 92% (95% CI, 83-95%) and 40% (95% CI, 12-74%), respectively. One patient developed a lower respiratory tract infection after EBUS-TBNA, requiring inpatient admission. The cost of the EBUS-TBNA procedure per patient was £1,382 ($2,190). The mean cost of the EBUS-TBNA strategy was £1,892 ($2,998) per patient, whereas a strategy of mediastinoscopy alone was significantly more costly at £3,228 ($5,115) per patient (P < 0.001). The EBUS-TBNA strategy is less costly than mediastinoscopy if the cost per EBUS-TBNA procedure is less than £2,718 ($4,307) per patient.EBUS-TBNA is a safe, highly sensitive, and cost-saving initial investigation in patients with IML. Clinical trial registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00932854).
Factors influencing food choices of food‐allergic consumers: findings from focus groups
Authors: I. Sommer, H. MacKenzie, C. Venter, T. Dean
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background Up to 35% of the population modify their diet for adverse reactions to food. This study described the food choice behaviour of diagnosed food‐allergic ( DFA ), self‐reported food‐allergic or intolerant ( SFA ) and nonfood‐allergic ( NFA ) consumers, and explored differences between them. Methods Six focus groups with adults ( n = 44) were conducted. Data analysis was performed using thematic content analysis. Results Compared to NFA participants, DFA consumers were deprived of satisfaction and pleasure from foods, experienced difficulties finding safe foods and had to be organized with eating. SFA participants faced similar problems, but to a lesser degree; their food choices were strongly influenced by emotional factors or health awareness. Conclusion Food‐allergic consumers' food choices are influenced by a number of factors that differ to those of NFA consumers. It is therefore important to offer people with food allergies or intolerances advice that goes beyond how to avoid allergens.
Time and money.
Authors: D M McClure
Journal: BMJ (1977)

units, which usually have an annual turnover of over 50 000 patients, should be run by a consultant in charge.As part of a training programme the career posts of registrar and senior house officer must be retained and if one takes an arbitrary figure of one doctor per 10 000 patients a department such as this one, which sees 75 000 patients a year, could best be staffed by having one consultant, two registrars, three full-time career-grade clinical assistants (or for want of a better though more out-ofdate description, medical assistants), as well as four senior house officers.This would allow a flexibility of staffing and enable a rota to be formed to cover the department at all times with both full-time career staff and training grades.From past discussions with Department of Health and Social Security representatives I get the impression that it is the opinion of the Department that accident and emergency departments of the country should be staffed with full-time permanent staff; surely, there- fore, the time is now ripe for a structure of medical staffing of these departments to be arranged and the future of departments throughout the country be guaranteed.
Language as ergonomic perfection
Authors: Massimo Piattelli-Palmarini, Roeland Hancock, Thomas Bever
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2008)

Abstract Christiansen &amp; Chater (C&amp;C) have taken the interactionist approach to linguistic universals to an extreme, adopting the metaphor of language as an organism. This metaphor adds no insights to five decades of analyzing language universals as the result of interaction of linguistically unique and general cognitive systems. This metaphor is also based on an outmoded view of classical Darwinian evolution and has no clear basis in biology or cognition.
Environmental estrogens: health implications for humans and wildlife.
Authors: T Colborn
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1995)

Recent efforts to increase communication among specialists from a wide range of disciplines has led to a better understanding of the scope and magnitude of the geographic distribution and effects of synthetic chemicals.Cross-discipline research has improved detection of widely dispersed chemicals that are capable of disrupting the endocrine system and/or interfering with reproduction.Reviewing what is known about the effects of xenobiotics from the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organismal levels in relation to effects reported at the population level provides insight about functional changes that are often not visi- ble and are difficult to determine.By adding a wildlife component to these analyses, a clearer picture of the nature of endocrine disruption has been demon- strated.Parallels among laboratory, human, and wildlife studies provide guidance for further multidisciplinary and interagency research.Movement toward forensic research among federal agencies responsible for human and environmental health will lead to increased knowledge about the role of endocrine disruptors in the environment.
Imatinib Mesylate — Uncovering a Fast Track to Adaptive Immunity
Authors: Mark J. Smyth
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2006)

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors have been shown to respond to imatinib mesylate in a manner dependent on immune-cell function. A new type of immune cell that shares characteristics with both natural killer cells and dendritic cells seems to mediate this response.
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology
Authors: Stephanie H. Pincus
Journal: JAMA (1982)

This textbook is designed to be a "compact, concise, single volume... clinically oriented working text" for all physicians. This is an ambitious and worthwhile goal. The book includes brief chapters on pathophysiology and cutaneous diagnosis, in addition to more than 1,000 pages devoted to clinical dermatology. The material is organized along traditional dermatologic lines, though sometimes in a confusing fashion. For instance, Reiter's syndrome is included in the section on bacterial infections, and endocrine diseases, hypertrophies, atrophies, and dermal elastosis are grouped in a single chapter. The black-and-white photographs are generally of good quality, and as might be expected there are relatively few photographs of the histology. The style is conversational, and the text is easily readable. There are numerous references by name in the text to the work of various authors; unfortunately, many of these are not included in the full list of literature cited at the end of
Biochemical characteristics of lungs in senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM)
Authors: S Teramoto, Y Fukuchi, Y Uejima, K Teramoto, H Orimo
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

This study examined age-related biochemical changes of the lung in an animal model of senile lung, senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed on two strains of SAM, the senescence-prone strain (SAM P2) and the senescence-resistant strain (SAM R1), as well as on normal ageing C57 black mice (C57BL), aged 1-24 months. Elastase-like and elastase inhibitory activity of BAL fluid (BALF), glutathione (GSH) and oxidized GSH (GSSG) content both of BALF and lung tissue, and oxygen radical generation of free lung cells obtained by BAL were examined in the three strains of mice. Cell populations did not change throughout the life in SAM strains and C57BL. The elastolytic activity in SAM was greater than in C57BL, but there was no change with age. Both a decreased content of GSH and an increased oxidation of the GSH in BALF were markedly observed with ageing in SAM P2. In the lung tissue, the GSSG/GSH ratio in SAM strains was consistently greater than that in C57BL, suggesting that the GSH redox cycle of the lung may be impaired in SAM strains. The oxygen radical generation by free lung cells increased with age in all three strains, but the increase was earlier and more pronounced in SAM P2 than in the other two strains. In conclusion, an impaired GSH redox cycle and an increased formation of oxygen radicals are observed in the lungs of SAM with increasing age.
Helicobacter pylori infection in liver tissue and the expression of apoptosis markers in patientes with liver diseases
Authors: Piotr Stalke, Alicja Bakowska, Marcin Orlowski, Janina Ellert-Zygadlowska, Zofia Michalska, Katarzyna Sikorska, Krystyna Witczak-Malinowska, Elzbieta Anna Lakomy, Hanna Trocha, Jan Stepinski
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2002)