tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ELIMINATION OF POLITICS FROM PUBLIC HEALTH WORK
Authors: W. S. RANKIN
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Lifting public health work from a political to a professional plane is largely a matter of standardization.  THREE PROPOSITIONS  I desire to submit, and hope to sustain, three propositions:  1. The appraisal of any piece of public health work will be, and must be, a matter of personal, and frequently biased, political opinion and determination until generally understood and acceptable standards for the appraisal of the work of health departments are established.  A concrete illustration of the aforestated proposition will serve as better support for it than any abstract reasoning. In a recent election in a county where majorities for years have been small, and, as is usually the case under such circumstances, partisan feeling has been intense, a political turnover occurred. As a result of the election and change in political control of the county, it was generally assumed that all appointive offices would be filled by new officers
Transduction Properties of Adenovirus Serotype 35 Vectors After Intravenous Administration Into Nonhuman Primates
Authors: Fuminori Sakurai, Shin-ichiro Nakamura, Kimiyo Akitomo, Hiroaki Shibata, Keiji Terao, Kenji Kawabata, Takao Hayakawa, Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

Adenovirus serotype 35 (Ad35) vectors have shown promise as effective gene delivery vehicles. However, the transduction profiles of Ad35 vectors in conventional mice allow only a limited estimation of transduction properties of these vectors, because the mouse analog of the subgroup B Ad receptor, CD46, is restricted to the testis. In order to assess the transduction properties of Ad35 vectors more completely, we performed transduction experiments using cynomolgus monkeys, which ubiquitously express CD46 in a pattern similar to that in humans. In vitro transduction experiments demonstrated that cultured cells from the cynomolgus monkey were efficiently transduced with Ad35 vectors. In contrast, after intravenous administration into live monkeys hardly any evidence of Ad35 vector-mediated transduction was found in any of the organs, although Ad35 vector genomes were detected in various organs. Less severe histopathological abnormalities were found in the Ad35 vector-infused monkeys than in the conventional Ad5 vector-injected monkeys. In the latter, serious tissue damage and inflammatory responses, such as hepatocyte necrosis and lymphatic hyperplasia in the colon, were induced. Both Ad35 and Ad5 vectors caused similar hematological changes (increase in CD3+ cells, and decrease in CD16+ cells and CD20+ cells) in peripheral blood cells. These results should provide valuable information for the clinical application of Ad35 vectors.
Leisure time activity and new onset of wheezing during adolescence
Authors: C. Vogelberg, T. Hirsch, K. Radon, H. Dressel, D. Windstetter, G. Weinmayr, S. K. Weiland, E. von Mutius, D. Nowak, W. Leupold
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2007)

Asthma prevalence is increasing in adult and paediatric patients. In the present study, the association between different leisure time activities and new onset of wheezing was analysed in adolescents aged 16-18 yrs taking part in a questionnaire-based follow-up of the International Study on Asthma and Allergies in Childhood in Munich and Dresden, Germany. Of the 3,785 adolescents who took part in the follow-up (76% response), 2,910 adolescents without earlier episodes of wheezing in childhood were included in the analyses. Of these, 330 (11.3%) reported new onset of wheeze during the previous 12 months. In the bivariate analyses, exercising more than once per week or performing computer work >1 h.day(-1) were inversely related to new onset of wheeze. In contrast, visiting discotheques on a regular basis increased the risk of new onset of wheeze (12.9 versus 9.9%). The observed inverse relationship between physical activity and new onset of wheeze was not an independent effect but mediated by differences in active smoking. The association between physical activity and new onset of wheeze disappeared when active smoking was taken into account. However, the present data do not allow for determining whether smoking operated as a confounder or as an intermediate factor, i.e. whether physical activities prevented active smoking.
Health and social inequality in Europe
Authors: C. Power
Journal: BMJ (1994)

In most European countries health has been shown to be linked to social circumstances--gradients in health status have persisted for decades, despite major changes in the principal causes of death. In central and eastern Europe life expectancy has stagnated since the mid-60s, whereas in the West it has increased; but even in the West it is related to income distribution. Social differences in mortality in men are three times as large in some countries as in others, and are influenced by factors other than conventional risk factors. Substantial declines in mortality and morbidity could result from a narrowing of health inequalities even when differences in health risk between social groups are comparatively small. Policies to reduce health inequalities can be introduced in smaller communities and organisations such as the school and workplace. National policies are variable; factors generating inequalities require action across several policy areas.
Preface to Special Edition on Breast Cancer
Authors: M.N. Levine, E.P. Mamounas, P.A. Ganz, M.J. Piccart-Gebhart
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2005)

This special edition on breast cancer is the second issue in the Journal of Clinical Oncology Special Review Series. When we commenced planning the special edition, there were no previous examples to follow and we were fortunate that our editor-in-chief, Dr Daniel Haller, gave us free reign. Our aim was to provide state-of-the-art articles on topics important to the clinical management of breast cancer, rather than standard Review Articles of broader subjects. We were guided by a number of principles, including that the articles should be evidence-based, of the highest quality, and understandable by the practicing clinician. We also wanted to ensure that recent developments at the molecular-clinical interface were covered, and that authors were also provided an opportunity to speculate on future opportunities. At the beginning, we had a general idea of the material that needed to be covered, which lead to a draft of the table of contents. We then identified a ‘‘chair’’ for many of the ‘‘chapters.’’ The chairs helped us to identify specific topics within each chapter and to choose content experts as authors for these articles. The chairs also provided feedback on the evolving manuscripts and finally wrote commentaries on the articles. These commentaries provide aperspectiveonthecurrentstateofourknowledge,includingbothstrengthsandlimitations,anddescribeopportunities for the future. The resulting edition is a marvelous compendium of 20 articles and eight commentaries that cover a range of topics, including the molecular biology of the estrogen receptor, genetics of breast cancer, prevention, prognostic and predictive markers, developments in imaging modalities, and surgical, radiation, and drug therapies for breast cancer. It has been a wonderful opportunity to co-edit this special edition. We are greatly appreciative of the work of the chairs and authors. Finally, we must acknowledge the thousands of women with breast cancer who have participated in the studies that have provided the information that has advanced the field so greatly in recent years.
Influence of arm position on measurement of blood pressure.
Authors: J Webster, D Newnham, J C Petrie, H G Lovell
Journal: BMJ (1984)

A series of measurements of blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive subjects showed that measurements made with a sphygmomanometer with the arm dependent by the side were consistently higher than those made with the arm horizontal at heart level. The mean difference in a group of 90 hypertensive outpatients was 11/12 mm Hg. Failure to appreciate the importance of arm position may lead to erroneous measurements of blood pressure. This has important implications for clinical practice and research.
Prospective randomized comparison of antiarrhythmic therapy versus first-line radiofrequency ablation in patients with atrial flutter
Authors: Andrea Natale, Keith H Newby, Ennio Pisanó, Fabio Leonelli, Raffaele Fanelli, Domenico Potenza, Salwa Beheiry, Gery Tomassoni
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2000)
Abstract 5658: Development and optimization of CZ48-loaded microbubbles for controlled drug delivery .
Authors: Yang Wang, Siyang Li, Jian Zheng, Xiufeng Yan, Zhisong Cao, Dana Vardeman, Beppino Giovanella
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract CZ48, the 20-O-propionate ester of camptothecin, is a prodrug requiring activation by converting to parental CPT in vivo. To circumvent the problems of low water solubility, lack of absorption, and poor bioavailability, novel CZ48-loaded microbubbles were investigated in this study. CZ48-loaded microbubbles were prepared at particle sizes ranging from 0.5 μm to 6.7 μm using a double emulsion technique (W/O/W). The satisfactory encapsulation efficiency and drug-loading content were 85.73±2.41% and 26.07±0.76%, respectively. The successful encapsulation of the microbubbles was confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) observations and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. The comparison between the controlled drug release from CZ48-loaded microbubbles and the free drug release from plain CZ48 crystals was performed in vitro, showing that 55% of the CZ48 was steadily released by the CZ48-loaded microbubbles in the first 48 hrs while more than 90% of the CZ48 was rapidly released by CZ48 crystals within the first 5 hrs. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies indicated that the bioavailabilities of CZ48 and CPT from CZ48-loaded microbubbles raised 121% and 517%, respectively, after intravenous administration compared to the plain CZ48. Compared to the plain CZ48, CZ48-loaded microbubbles also showed a higher mean residence time (MRT) and a longer elimination half-life (T1/2), indicating that CZ48-loaded microbubbles were indeed able to release CZ48 drug in a finely controlled manner. These results demonstrated that such microbubbles could be a promising approach for the construction of an effectively controlled drug delivery system for CZ48 as well as for other drugs with lower water solubility. Citation Format: Yang Wang, Siyang Li, Jian Zheng, Xiufeng Yan, Zhisong Cao, Dana Vardeman, Beppino Giovanella. Development and optimization of CZ48-loaded microbubbles for controlled drug delivery . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5658. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5658
Prodding Tardy Reviewers
Authors: Roy M. Pitkin, Leon F. Burmeister
Journal: JAMA (2002)

To compare telephone, fax, and e-mail methods of prodding tardy reviewers.Randomized trial conducted January 1998 through June 1999 at the main editorial office of Obstetrics & Gynecology. Reviewers who had failed to file reviews by 28 days after being sent manuscripts (7 days after deadline) were sent identical messages in oral (telephone) or written (fax and e-mail) form inquiring as to the status of review, asking for its completion as soon as possible, and requesting it be sent by fax or e-mail.Of 378 reviewers, proportions returning reviews within 7 days were essentially identical: telephone, 85 (68%) of 125; fax, 86 (67%) of 129; and e-mail, 84 (67%) of 124 (P =.59). In the two thirds who responded, the mean time to return reviews did not differ among the 3 groups.Contacting tardy reviewers resulted in a review being received within 7 days in about two thirds of cases, and it made no difference if the contact was made by telephone, fax, or e-mail.
Intrinsic Factor Activity in Solid Material
Authors: A. L. Latner, C. C. Ungley
Journal: BMJ (1953)

EDICATLJOURNAL and washing, it was reported, have been successful in the recovery of cells from the upper part of the colon and from the upper part of the small intestine. Ulcerative ColitisDrs. H. E. BACON and H. D. TRIMPI, of Philaaelphia, reported a series of 302 cases of chronic ulcerative colitis treated since 1940; of these, 67 (22.4%) were operated on.Total colectomy with excision of the rectum was performed in 34 patients, and 29 of these have been completely rehabili- tated.Operative mortality was nil.Five carcinomas were discovered in 5 of the 34 excised specimens: of these, four were unsuspected pre-operatively.The authors recommended a two-stage operation, the first consisting of ileostomy and colectomy, and the second of excision of the rectum.Ileostomy was not indicated unless it preceded or accom- panied colectomy.In the opinion of the authors, surgery offered the removal of a precancerous bowel, a cure of the disease, and the arresting of secondary arthritic, kidney, liver, and thrombo-embolic disease.
More Than MOPP for Advanced Hodgkin's Disease?
Authors: Robert J. Mayer
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1982)

Hodgkin's disease is a relatively uncommon malignant disorder. It occurs in only 7000 Americans annually, but it has attracted special attention because it is the most common neoplasm in young adults (ages 15 to 29).1 Only 20 years ago, radiation therapy—technically inferior to that available today — was the sole effective form of treatment. Only 33 per cent of patients so treated survived for five years after diagnosis.2 The median survival period among patients with extensive nodal (Stage III) or extranodal (Stage IV) involvement, whether they were given single-agent chemotherapy or left untreated, was approximately 12 months.3 Advanced Hodgkin's disease . . .
Questions remain over safety and effectiveness of oseltamivir
Authors: D. Cohen
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Two years after the pharmaceutical giant Roche promised the BMJ that it would release key trial data on oseltamivir (Tamiflu) for independent scrutiny, the safety and effectiveness of this anti-influenza drug remain uncertain, a new meta-analysis by the Cochrane collaboration says.

Cochrane researchers set out to test Roche’s claim that the drug prevented complications and reduced the number of people needing hospital treatment. Their report says that Roche’s refusal to provide full access to all its data leaves critical questions about how well the drug works unresolved ( BMJ 2012;344:d7898, doi:10.1136/bmj.d7898).

Roche maintains that it provided the Cochrane researchers with enough information …
The effect of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor on the modulation of airway responsiveness in rats.
Authors: J C Kips, R A Lefebvre, R A Peleman, G F Joos, R A Pauwels
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1995)

The possible role of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of airway tone remains to be fully explored. In the present study we examined the effect of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of NO synthase, on airway responsiveness in rats. The effect of L-NAME on endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS)-induced changes in airway responsiveness was also evaluated. L-NAME (1 mg/kg given intravenously) caused a 33.3 +/- 6.9% increase in blood pressure, but did not influence baseline airway tone or the provocative dose of carbachol causing a 50% increase in pulmonary resistance (RL)(PD50RL). Exposure of F344 rats to LPS induced a transient increase in airway responsiveness at 90 min after exposure, followed by a significant hyporesponsiveness between 9 and 12 h after exposure. L-NAME (1 mg/kg intravenously) did not influence the increase in responsiveness but inhibited the LPS-induced hyporesponsiveness; in LPS-exposed, L-NAME-treated animals, the PD50RL for carbachol was 3.0 +/- 0.1, versus 4.8 +/- 0.3 micrograms/kg in the LPS-exposed, placebo-pretreated group (p < 0.05). The effect of L-NAME was abolished by pretreatment with L-arginine but not with D-arginine. L-NAME did not influence the LPS-induced increase of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). These results suggest that in rats, consitutive NO synthesis does not contribute either to basal airway tone or to the basal degree of airway responsiveness, but that inducible NO synthesis mediates endotoxin-induced hyporesponsiveness.
The Construction of the Panama Canal, a Sanitary Problem.
Authors: V. C. Vaughan
Journal: JAMA (1905)

Ann Arbor, Mich., Aug. 31, 1905. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —In view of the fact that yellow fever is prevalent in Panama, and in view of the statement that more than 60 per cent, of the people in the Canal Zone are now infected with malaria, and in view of the report of the presence of the plague on the isthmus, it seems unnecessary to argue that the method followed by this government up to the present time, in the construction of the canal, has not been characterized by wisdom. Please permit me to offer the following statements, which, in a condensed way, represent my views concerning the means that should be adopted in the carrying out of this great enterprise. These suggestions I have hurriedly condensed and will state as follows: 1. The first thing that should be done is to render the Canal Zone a habitable place. That this
Management of Prostate Cancer After Prostatectomy
Authors: Howard I. Scher
Journal: JAMA (1999)

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Cytoplasmic MUC1 in PanIN-1
Authors: Jacques Bara, Marie-Elisabeth Forgue-Lafitte
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2008)

To the Editors: In a recent issue of Clinical Cancer Research , Dr. Gold describes MUC1 as a biomarker of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm of low grade (PanIN-1) using PAM4 monoclonal antibodies (mAb; ref. [1][1]). This claim is questionable.

PAM4 mAb does not react in normal pancreas, but
Associations of body composition with physical self-description among lower primary school boys
Authors: Norasrudin Sulaiman, Ahmad Hashim
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2010)

Physical self-description (PSD) plays an important role in physical education outcomes. Body composition is part of physical education component. The purpose of the present study is to determine the associations of body composition between PSD among lower primary school-going boys. Body composition test were measured using skinfold measurement and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) (air displacement plethysmograph). PSD was measured using standard questionnaire for children. A total of 200 male school-going children were voluntarily selected after obtained approval from school and parents. The mean height and weight of the subjects was 1.35 ±7.90 m and 32.1 ± 10.1 kg, respectively. The mean body mass index of the subjects was 17.3 ± 4.1 kg/m 2 . The validation based on standard criterion for body composition revealed that body fat correlated significantly with two site skinfold using equation from Kagawa (r = 0.89, p&lt; 0.001) and Lohman (r = 0.922, p&lt; 0.001); eight body site skinfold using Kagawa (r = 0.921, p &lt; 0.001) and BIA (r = 0.553, p &lt; 0.001). Statistical analysis shows that two body site skinfold using Lohman equation has a highest correlation with criterion test. The present study also found that, there was a significant correlation between body fat percentages and PSD (p &lt; 0.05) whereby there was 11 components of PSD positive correlation towards body fat percentages among the subjects. The knowledge gain from the relationship between body fat percentages and PSD gives a significant input on physical growth and psychological development in children.
Rectal Injuries Caused by Enema given through Rigid Nozzle
Authors: W. W. Galbraith
Journal: BMJ (1937)

ME BRouSAL 859contacts we should therefore concentrate on the adolescent group.I have already (1936) pointed out how inadvisable it was to appear to encourage neglect of examination of child contacts.It has since occurred to me that yet another aspect must be considered in this " worth- while " argument-the relative number of contacts at various ages.The following investigation is not considered extensive enough for forming definite conclusions, but it does serve as a pointer, and its publication may encourage a similar investigation on a larger scale.The Investigation All the patients in the wards of the County Sana- torium, Clare Hall, were interviewed, and information was obtained on the number and ages of the persons in con- tact with them before admission to the sanatorium.Par- -ticular care was taken to ascertain the actual contacts in the hoine, and neither the family nor the house were taken as the unit.This care is necessary because of lodgers and sublet rooms, and in regard to patients living "on their own."The results are shown in Tables I to III; they were worked out separately for the men and the women patients so that there might be a slight check on the error of sampling.TABLE I.-Fenzale Patie)its 69 patients-211 contacts-3.0 contacts per patient.The contacts were distributed as follows: Age NumberPer CeRt.
Stress Fractures in Children
Authors: Paul deR Kolisch
Journal: JAMA (1977)

To the Editor.—  Dr John A. Smith, in Periosteal Elevation in a 2 1/2-Year-Old Child (236:2323, 1976), makes the case for sequential roentgenographic studies in cases of stress fracture, and, indeed, in other cases of subtle injury to bone. It is regrettable that the discussion leaves one with the impression that this is the only course to follow in such cases.  With the introduction of technetium-labeled compounds in bone imaging, the use of radionuclides in evaluating benign disorders of bone has become acceptable. Exposure to ionizing radiation is low enough to allow administering these compounds even to children. We are now free of the onerous restrictions that surrounded the use of radioactive strontium and the like.  Bell and co-workers1include evaluation of fractures not disclosed by x-ray films among the indications for bone scanning in children. Forhan and Panolil,2Forhan,3and Marty and coworkers4all regard radionuclide studies
IMPACT ON SCAR BURDEN ON GENDER DIFFERENCES IN SURVIVAL AFTER IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATOR IMPLANTATION IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE ISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Deborah Kwon, Rory Hachamovitch, Lisa Asamoto, Aderonke Adeniyi, Zoran Popovic, Randall Starling, Milind Desai, Scott Flamm, Thomas Marwick
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)