tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FUGITIVE BLOOD CORPUSCLES IN A CASE OF LYMPHADENOMA.
Authors: J. H. WYTHE
Journal: JAMA (1891)

troubles of various types at present is being !weighed in the balance.It is almost hackneyed to repeat what, however, sometimes is forgotten, that apparent insufficiencies, especially of low degree, disappear entirely after full and proper corrections, and with their disappearance the associated symptoms subside.This, as Professor Knapp has said, is one of the most thankful tasks which the practicing ophthalmologist performs.No where is it more necessary that this full and careful correction should be obtained than in ex¬ amples of astigmatism contrary to the rule asso¬ ciated with low grades of insufficiency.In conclusion, from these one hundred cases of astigmatism contrary to the rule certain inter¬ esting facts may be ascertained.Age.The following table represents the num¬ ber of cases according to the age: First decade.2cases.Second ".9 Third ".5 " Fourth ".14 " Fifth ".25 " Sixth ".26 " Seventh".17" Eighth ".2 " It will be seen, then, that more than half the cases occurred between the ages of forty and sixty.
Chlamydia and cervical smear testing
Authors: L S. Lewis, A. Bushell, K. Read
Journal: BMJ (1991)

who will have a poor outcome remains problematic before discharge.For audit and training there is a strong point to be made in favour of follow up as transurethral resection of the prostate is not free from complica- tions.4Twenty three per cent of men visit their general practitioner for complications, 33% pass clots, 10% develop temporary clot retention, and 4% have defects in urinary continence where none was present before operation.It was perhaps telling that 54% of men in the study reported by Lynch and colleagues consulted their general practitioner-a rate double that usually recorded.Not all men who are unsatisfied are referred back to hospital, as shown by a rate of poor outcome in prospective studies of 20% to 25 %5-higher than in retrospective studies, in which the definition of poor outcome depends on rereferral.A routine follow up at six or eight weeks will allow most men to be discharged; the remainder with a poor outcome, prostatic cancer, or persistent impair- ment of bladder emptying may require further investigation and follow up.Follow up is not an unacceptable burden but an important part of training and audit.
Dysregulated miR-124 and miR-200 expression contribute to cholangiocyte proliferation in the cholestatic liver by targeting IL-6/STAT3 signalling
Authors: Yongtao Xiao, Jun Wang, Weihui Yan, Ying Zhou, Yingwei Chen, Kejun Zhou, Jie Wen, Yang Wang, Wei Cai
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Inhibition of Neutrophil Migration by Hemopexin Leads to Increased Mortality Due to Sepsis in Mice
Authors: Fernando Spiller, Carlotta Costa, Fabrício O. Souto, Francesca Vinchi, Fabíola L. A. C. Mestriner, Helen J. Laure, José C. Alves-Filho, Andressa Freitas, José C. Rosa, Sérgio H. Ferreira, Fiorella Altruda, Emilio Hirsch, Lewis J. Greene, Emanuela Tolosano, Fernando Q. Cunha
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2010)

The reduction of neutrophil migration to the bacterial focus is associated with poor outcome in sepsis.The objective of this study was to identify soluble substances in the blood of septic mice that inhibit neutrophil migration.A pool of serum obtained from mice 2 hours after the induction of severe sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture inhibited the neutrophil migration. The proteins with inhibitory activity on neutrophil migration were isolated by Blue-Sepharose chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and electrophoresis, and identified by mass spectrometry.Hemopexin was identified as the serum component responsible for the inhibition of neutrophil migration. In sepsis, the pretreatment of wild-type mice with hemopexin inhibited neutrophil migration to the focus of infection and decreased the survival rate from 87.5 to 50.0%. Hemopexin-null mice subjected to severe sepsis presented normal neutrophil migration, low bacteremia, and an improvement of 40% in survival rate. Moreover, hemopexin inhibited the neutrophil chemotaxis response evoked by C5a or macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and induced a reduction of CXCR2 and L-selectin as well as the up-regulation of CD11b expression in neutrophil membranes. The inhibitory effect of hemopexin on neutrophil chemotaxis was prevented by serine protease inhibitors or ATP. In addition, serum levels of ATP were decreased 2 hours after severe sepsis.These data demonstrate for the first time the inhibitory role of hemopexin in neutrophil migration during sepsis and suggest that the therapeutic inhibition of hemopexin or its protease activity could improve neutrophil migration to the focus of infection and survival in sepsis.
The Short Cardiac Pre-Ejection Period
Authors: ALFRED F. PARISI, BRUCE P. HAMILTON, CHARLES N. THOMAS, ERNEST L. MAZZAFERRI
Journal: Circulation (1974)

Systolic time intervals (STI) were determined from simultaneous records of the electrocardiogram, carotid pulse and phonocardiogram in 17 consecutive patients with thyrotoxicosis and sinus rhythm. None of the patients had clinical evidence of congestive heart failure. Intervals measured included electromechanical systole (Q-S 2 ), heart sound interval (S 1 -S 2 ) and left ventricular ejection time (LVET). From these, the pre-ejection period (PEP), isovolumetric contraction time (ICT) and Q-S 1 intervals were derived. Deviations (ΔSTI) of observed values from expected values (Weissler equations) for the same heart rate were obtained by subtraction. The mean deviation of the thyrotoxic patients ± sem from the normal population were ΔQ- S 2 * = –37.8 ± 4.2; ΔLVET = –4.0 ± 4.1; ΔPEP * = –33.8 ± 1.8. The shortening of PEP was due largely to a shortened ICT (ΔICT * = –27.2 ± 1.1). In eight patients studied serially during treatment the short PEP returned to the normal range concurrently with serum T 4 measurements. This study indicates that the PEP is a unique noninvasive measurement of biological end organ responsiveness with thyroid dysfunction; a short PEP is characteristic of uncomplicated thyrotoxicosis and serial changes in PEP may be a useful index of therapeutic response. * P &lt; .001.
THE OPTICIAN AND OPHTHALMOLOGY.
Authors: GEORGE M. GOULD
Journal: JAMA (1891)

The paragraph by Mr. Henry A. Riley, inThe Journalof May 2, entitled<i>Cosmetics and Spectades in Court</i>, is one of a thousand illustrations constantly reappearing with sorry monotony, of the fact that when a layman tries to say anything about medicine, he, with the most delicious unconsciousness, takes the side of ignorance and untruth, makes a mess of what he tries to say, and if his words have any weight he injures the cause of scientific medicine. It is a strange fatality akin to that of the success of the patent medicine man, and the enthusiastic acceptance by otherwise intelligent men of the impudent nonsense of homoeopathy, faith cure, etc. Mr. Riley's words are few, but as representative of the half-formed opinion of perhaps many others, they should have been excluded from the pages of a journal caring for scientific medical progress, and hence require a dozen
Processing/activation of CPP32-like proteases is involved in transforming growth factor ?1-induced apoptosis in rat hepatocytes
Authors: S H Inayat-Hussain, C Couet, G M Cohen, K Cain
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Apoptosis induced in rat hepatocytes by transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) was accompanied by the activation of interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE)-like proteases. Cell lysates were isolated at various times after TGF-beta1 treatment and analyzed for ICE and CPP32-like activity, using N-acetyl-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (Ac-YVAD.AMC) and benzyloxycarbonyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-7-amino-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin (Z-DEVD.AFC), respectively. CPP32-like but not ICE protease activity increased in a time dependent manner and preceded the onset of apoptosis. Kinetic studies in cell lysates indicated that more than one CPP32-like protease was being activated. This was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)/Western blotting of TGF-beta1-treated cells, which showed limited processing of CPP32 as shown by the appearance of the catalytically active p17 subunit. Loss of pro-Mch3alpha was also observed but the catalytically active p19 subunit was not detected. Staurosporine, which induced a much greater level of hepatocyte apoptosis, produced a concomitant increase in CPP32/Mch3alpha processing as shown by the appearance of the p17/p19 subunits and the corresponding increase in CPP32-like protease activity. Apoptosis, CPP32/Mch3alpha processing and the increase in CPP32-like protease activity induced by TGF-beta1 and staurosporine were abolished in hepatocytes pretreated with Z-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp (OMe) fluoromethylketone (Z-DEVD.FMK) or Z-Val-Ala-Asp (OMe) fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD.FMK). These peptide analogues were potent inhibitors of CPP32-like protease activity in lysates. Pretreatment of hepatocytes with cycloheximide also blocked TGF-beta1-induced apoptosis and the increase in CPP32-like activity. Unlike Z-VAD.FMK and Z-DEVD.FMK, cycloheximide did not inhibit CPP32-like protease activity in cell lysates. Thus, cycloheximide may block apoptosis by inhibiting the synthesis of a protein, which is involved in the upstream events responsible for the activation of the CPP32-like protease activity. Our studies have identified two of the CPP32-like proteases, namely CPP32 and Mch3alpha, which are activated during the execution phase of hepatocyte apoptosis.
Factor VIII and Factor IX Concentrates in Surgery In Hemophilia
Authors: Robert T. Breckenridge
Journal: JAMA (1971)

To the Editor.—  Wolman's letter to the editor suggests that Dr. George and I did not express the thesis of our manuscript in clear enough terms, since this paper was not intended as a how to do  study. It was written to suggest that a more liberal approach to the treatment of hemophilia may be appropriate in the modern era of concentrated clotting factors.  The methods used for assay of the various clotting factors and calculation of the plasma volume, clotting factor levels, and half-lives are adequately referenced in the manuscript and are surely quite familiar to most hematologists who care for patients with bleeding disorders. We therefore felt it would be redundant to include a large method section in what was meant to be a brief communication.  In answer to the question concerning the  used, the manuscript clearly states which concentrates were used. They were purchased from
Selection of Influenza Strains for 1997 Vaccine
Authors: Charles Marwick
Journal: JAMA (1997)

IT'S BEEN tough work dealing with influenza this past winter. In terms of excess mortality, this has been one of the worst influenza seasons in recent years; moreover, it has been hard to reach a final decision on which strains of the virus to include in next year's flu vaccine. All 3 of these strains—the A viruses, H1N1 and H3N2, and the B—have now been chosen. The strains of influenza A H3N2 and B in the current vaccine will stay the same for next year's vaccine. A new strain of H1N1 has been chosen, A/Bayern/7/95. But a technical difficulty precludes using this particular virus, so the hunt is on for a virus of the same strain, with similar antigenic characteristics, that can be used for vaccine manufacture. The impact of the disease in the United States this past winter can be appreciated from the fact that the excess mortality attributed
Revenge without redundancy: Functional outcomes do not require discrete adaptations for vengeance or forgiveness
Authors: Colin Holbrook, Daniel M. T. Fessler, Matthew M. Gervais
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2012)

Abstract We question whether the postulated revenge and forgiveness systems constitute true adaptations. Revenge and forgiveness are the products of multiple motivational systems and capacities, many of which did not exclusively evolve to support deterrence. Anger is more aptly construed as an adaptation that organizes independent mechanisms to deter transgressors than as the mediator of a distinct revenge adaptation.
Impacted Methylcellulose - Foreign Body Simulating Esophageal Carcinoma
Authors: W. Roesch, R. Ottenjann
Journal: Endoscopy (1970)

Case report of a methylcellulose foreign body simulating esophageal carcinoma on X-ray examination. Esophagoscopic extraction of the friable material failed as did suction. The foreign body was finally pushed into the stomach with a fibergastroscope. Re-evaluation of the esophagus by esophagoscopy and radiology revealed no organic cause for the obstruction.
Effect of CLIA 88 on Minnesota Physicians' Office Laboratories
Authors: George S. Cembrowski
Journal: JAMA (1995)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —One of the primary intentions of the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA 88)<sup>1</sup>was to improve the quality of physicians' office laboratories (POLs). Although a few states mandated quality standards for POL operation,<sup>2</sup>most states, including Minnesota, did not regulate POLs. Because little was known about Minnesota POLs and how they might be affected by CLIA, we surveyed a cohort of randomly selected Minnesota POLs in 1991 (before the publication of the final 1992 regulations) and resurveyed the cohort in the summer of 1993 (18 months after their publication). In this letter, we present the changes in quality practices that followed CLIA 88. In 1991, we used the most recent American Medical Directory of the American Medical Association and randomly selected general practice, family practice, and general internal medicine physicians in Minnesota. Physicians associated with clinics with less than 35 physicians were asked
Modulation of the asialoglycoprotein receptor in human hepatoma cells: Effect of glucose
Authors: Peretz Weiss, Gilbert Ashwell, Anatol G. Morell, Richard J. Stockert
Journal: Hepatology (1994)

The hepatic receptor for asialoglycoproteins was found to be modulated by the glucose concentration in the medium of the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. The surface binding of asialoorosomucoid, a well-documented ligand for this receptor, increased from 20 ng/mg of cellular protein to about 40 ng/mg as the glucose concentration was increased from 10 to 50 mg/dl. The up-modulating effect of glucose was mimicked by pyruvate, a product of glucose metabolism, and abolished by both 2-deoxyglucose, an inhibitor of glucose metabolism, and by cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis. Scatchard plot analysis indicated a rise in the number of binding sites and a twofold increase in binding affinity. In contrast, the binding of antibody remained unchanged with respect to alterations in glucose concentration, an indication that the actual number of receptors remained constant in face of an increased number of binding sites. Specificity of the glucose effect was shown by the binding of insulin and transferrin to their respective receptors, which was unaffected by the high glucose concentration that increased asialoorosomucoid binding. The repression of receptor binding seen with cells grown in biotin-deprived medium was reversed by increasing the glucose concentration of the medium. In this case, binding was restored to a level sixfold to sevenfold higher than that of the control cells grown in dialyzed serum. The stimulatory effect of glucose was shown to be independent of and significantly greater than that of cyclic GMP, a known regulator of receptor expression of biotin-deficient HepG2 cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Interstitial cells of Cajal in enteric neurotransmission
Authors: S M Ward
Journal: Gut (2000)

Specialised cells known as interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), distributed in specific locations within the tunica muscularis of the gastrointestinal tract, serve as electrical pacemakers and mediators of enteric neurotransmission. Until recently, evidence to support a functional role of these cells has been, for the most part, indirect.

The role of ICCs in pacemaking or neurotransmission has been tested by experiments in which: (i) ICCs were removed by dissection1-3; (ii) ICCs were lesioned by cytotoxic chemicals thought to have specificity for these cells4-6; (iii) the excitability properties and responses to drugs were directly studied in isolated ICCs7 8; (iv) morphological studies revealed close relationships between ICCs and varicose nerve fibres (see fig 1); and (v) ICCs responded to neurotransmitters when studied using immunohistochemical techniques.9 10



Figure 1 
Confocal micrographs of whole mount preparations showing double labelling with the receptor tyrosine kinase, Kit (FITC; A) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS; Texas Red; B) or vesicular acetylcholine transporter (vAChT) antibodies in the circular muscle layer of the murine gastric fundus. (A) Spindle shaped interstitial cells of circular and longitudinal muscle (IC-IM) immunopositive for Kit (green; arrows) within the circular muscle layer. (B) NOS-LI in enteric inhibitory nerves (arrows); IC-IM also appeared immunoreactive for NOS (C). (D, E) Double labelling of Kit (D) and vAChT (E). Double labelling of Kit-LI and vAChT-LI is shown in (F). Courtesy of Wang et al.30 



Recent findings have shown that several classes of ICCs of the mouse and other species express the receptor tyrosine kinase, Kit. Activation of Kit by its ligand, stem cell factor, or “ steel ” factor is important in the development of ICCs because blockade of Kit with neutralising antibodies11 12 or mutations in c-kit 13 14 or steel 15 impair the development of ICCs at …
Transfer of PAMAM dendrimers across human placenta: Prospects of its use as drug carrier during pregnancy
Authors: Anupa R. Menjoge, Amber L. Rinderknecht, Raghavendra S. Navath, Masoud Faridnia, Chong J. Kim, Roberto Romero, Richard K. Miller, Rangaramanujam M. Kannan
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2010)
Cardiorenal and Humoral Properties of a Novel Direct Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulator BAY 41-2272 in Experimental Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Guido Boerrigter, Lisa C. Costello-Boerrigter, Alessandro Cataliotti, Toshihiro Tsuruda, Gail J. Harty, Harald Lapp, Johannes-Peter Stasch, John C. Burnett
Journal: Circulation (2003)

Background— BAY 41-2272 is a recently introduced novel orally available agent that directly stimulates soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and sensitizes it to its physiological stimulator, nitric oxide. To date, its therapeutic actions in congestive heart failure (CHF) remain undefined. We characterized the cardiorenal actions of intravenous BAY 41-2272 in a canine model of CHF and compared it to nitroglycerin (NTG). Methods and Results— CHF was induced by rapid ventricular pacing for 10 days. Cardiorenal and humoral function were assessed at baseline and with administration of 2 doses of BAY 41-2272 (2 and 10 μg · kg −1 · min −1 ; n=8) or NTG (1 and 5 μg · kg −1 · min −1 ; n=6). Administration of 10 μg · kg −1 · min −1 BAY 41-2272 reduced mean arterial pressure (113±8 to 94±6 mm Hg; P &lt;0.05), pulmonary artery pressure (29±2 to 25±2 mm Hg; P &lt;0.05), and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (25±2 to 20±2 mm Hg; P &lt;0.05). Cardiac output (2.1±0.2 to 2.3±0.2 L/min; P &lt;0.05) and renal blood flow (131±17 to 162±18 mL/min; P &lt;0.05) increased. Glomerular filtration rate was maintained. There were no changes in plasma renin activity, angiotensin II, or aldosterone. NTG mediated similar hemodynamic changes and additionally decreased right atrial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. Conclusion— The new sGC stimulator BAY 41-2272 potently unloaded the heart, increased cardiac output, and preserved glomerular filtration rate without activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in experimental CHF. These beneficial properties make direct sGC stimulation with BAY 41-2272 a promising new strategy for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as CHF.
THE ANATOMY OF THE OCULAR MUSCLES AND THEIR ACCESSORY STRUCTURES AND THE PHORIAS AND TROPIAS.
Authors: J. ELLIOTT COLBURN
Journal: JAMA (1902)

The following observations are based on the study of 200 cases examined for errors of refraction and lines of regard. Measurements were taken with the following objects in view: To determine the relation of the orbits to the plane of the face in the anomalies of refraction and the relation of the visual lines to the varying positions of the axes of the orbit, also to obtain suggestions for a possible anatomic cause or the varying so-called anomalies of the extra-ocular muscles and to explain the anomalies of the line of regard. Taking the horizontal plane as measured through the attachment of the orbicularis-palpebrarum for the transverse direction (Fig. 1), and from the same points to the fossa on the superior maxilla toward the median line and over the root of the canine tooth for the vertical direction (d, d), we have for our purpose the base lines of the
Electrocardiographic Monitoring in Adults
Authors: Rafael Ortega, Michael Mazzini, Kristine Xue, Diego Espaillat
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2015)

Electrocardiography is an inexpensive, reproducible, noninvasive technique that can be invaluable when performed correctly. This video focuses on three-lead and five-lead configurations, which are commonly used in real-time ECG monitoring.
ENDOSCOPIC LASER PHOTOCOAGULATION FOR BLEEDING PEPTIC ULCERS
Authors: B.H. Laurence, A.G. Vallon, P.B. Cotton, J.R. Armengol Miro, J.C. Salord Oses, L. Lebodic, P. Sudry, P. Frühmorgen, F. Bodem
Journal: The Lancet (1980)
Italian doctors welcome plans to shorten medical training by a year
Authors: M. Day
Journal: BMJ (2011)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Background</h3> A novel coronavirus pneumonia initially identified in Wuhan, China and provisionally named 2019-nCoV has surged in the public. In anticipation of substantial burdens on healthcare system following this human-to-human spread, we aim to scrutinise the currently available information and evaluate the burden of healthcare systems during this outbreak in Wuhan. <h3>Methods and Findings</h3> We applied a modified SIR model to project the actual number of infected cases and the specific burdens on isolation wards and intensive care units (ICU), given the scenarios of different diagnosis rates as well as different public health intervention efficacy. Our estimates suggest, assuming 50% diagnosis rate if no public health interventions were implemented, that the actual number of infected cases could be much higher than the reported, with estimated 88,075 cases (as of 31<sup>st</sup> January, 2020), and projected burdens on isolation wards and ICU would be 34,786 and 9,346 respectively The estimated burdens on healthcare system could be largely reduced if at least 70% efficacy of public health intervention is achieved. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The health system burdens arising from the actual number of cases infected by the novel coronavirus appear to be considerable if no effective public health interventions were implemented. This calls for continuation of implemented anti-transmission measures (e.g., closure of schools and facilities, suspension of public transport, lockdown of city) and further effective large-scale interventions spanning all subgroups of populations (e.g., universal facemask wear) aiming at obtaining overall efficacy with at least 70% to ensure the functioning of and to avoid the breakdown of health system.