tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A pilot study of pioglitazone treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Kittichai Promrat, Glen Lutchman, Gabriel I. Uwaifo, Renee J. Freedman, Alejandro Soza, Theo Heller, Edward Doo, Marc Ghany, Ahalya Premkumar, Yoon Park, Jake T. Liang, Jack A. Yanovski, David E. Kleiner, Jay H. Hoofnagle
Journal: Hepatology (2004)

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common chronic liver disease for which there is no known effective therapy. A proportion of patients with NASH progress to advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. NASH is considered one of the clinical features of the metabolic syndrome in which insulin resistance plays a central role. This prospective study evaluates the role of insulin-sensitizing agent in treatment of NASH. Eighteen nondiabetic patients with biopsy-proven NASH were treated with pioglitazone (30 mg daily) for 48 weeks. Tests of insulin sensitivity and body composition as well as liver biopsies were performed before and at the end of treatment. By 48 weeks, serum alanine aminotransferase values fell to normal in 72% of patients. Hepatic fat content and size as determined by magnetic resonance imaging decreased, and glucose and free fatty acid sensitivity to insulin were uniformly improved. Histological features of steatosis, cellular injury, parenchymal inflammation, Mallory bodies, and fibrosis were significantly improved from baseline (all P < 0.05). Using strict criteria, histological improvement occurred in two-thirds of patients. Pioglitazone was well tolerated; the main side effects were weight gain (averaging 4%) and an increase in total body adiposity. In conclusion, these results indicate that treatment with an insulin-sensitizing agent can lead to improvement in biochemical and histological features of NASH and support the role of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of this disease. The long-term safety and benefits of pioglitazone require further study.
P2-240: Weekly docetaxel-cisplatin as first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): results of a multicenter phase II trial
Authors: Daniel Binder, M Hackenthal, L Graseck, H Schweisfurth, C Schäper, M Krüll, B Temmesfeld-Wollbrück, N Suttorp, T Beinert, K Hellriegel
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2007)
Evidence for a renal alpha-adrenergic receptor inhibiting renin release.
Authors: W A Pettinger, T K Keeton, W B Campbell, D C Harper
Journal: Circulation Research (1976)

The mechanism by which clonidine suppresses renin release was investigated in conscious rats. This suppression was studied by means of selected autonomic interventions in conjunction with changes in sodium balance. Serum renin activity and direct arterial pressure were monitored. Clonidine administration suppressed basal (by 68-85%), diuretic-induced (by 89%), and sympathetic nervous system-mediated (by 75-100%) renin release. Cholinergic, ganglionic, and peripheral sympathetic neuronal blockade did not prevent this inhibitory effect of clonidine. These results indicate a peripheral site of action for suppression of renin release by clonidine. The alpha-adrenergic blocking drug phentolamine prevented clonidine suppression of renin release in sodium-depleted rats and was partially effective in normal rats. Phentolamine blocked the decrease in renin caused by clonidine in ganglion-blocked rats. Clozapine, a new neuroleptic agent with alpha-adrenergic blocking activity, or phenoxybenzamine blocked the effect of clonidine on renin release in both sodium-depleted and normal rats. After ganglionic blockade in sodium-depleted rats, clonidine caused a significantly greater suppression of renin release than did an equipressor dose of methoxamine. These data, combined with hemodynamic correlates, suggest that clonidine inhibits renin release by activation of an intrarenal alpha-adrenergic receptor.
HERG mutation predicts short QT based on channel kinetics but causes long QT by heterotetrameric trafficking deficiency
Authors: A PAULUSSEN, A RAES, R JONGBLOED, R GILISSEN, A WILDE, D SNYDERS, H SMEETS, J AERSSENS
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2005)

Mutations in the KCNH2 (hERG, human ether-à-go-go related gene) gene may cause a reduction of the delayed rectifier current I(Kr), thereby leading to the long QT syndrome (LQTS). The reduced I(Kr) delays the repolarisation of cardiac cells and renders patients vulnerable to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. We identified a novel mutation in a LQTS family and investigated its functional consequences using molecular and microscopic techniques.Genetic screening in the LQTS family revealed a heterozygous frameshift mutation p.Pro872fs located in the C-terminus of the KCNH2 gene. The mutation leads to a premature truncation of the C-terminus of the hERG protein. p.Pro872fs channels lack 282 amino acids at the C-terminus and possess an extra 4-amino acid tail. Both the kinetic and biochemical properties of the p.Pro872fs and p.Pro872fs/WT channels were studied in HEK293 cells and resulted in a novel proof of concept for heterozygous LQTS mutations: homotetrameric p.Pro872fs channels displayed near-normal expression, trafficking, and channel kinetics. Unexpectedly, upon co-expression of p.Pro872fs and WT channels, the repolarising power (the proportion of hERG current contributing to the action potential as the percentage of the total current available) was substantially higher during action potential clamp experiments as compared to WT channels alone. This would lead to a shorter rather than a prolonged QT interval. However, at the same time, heterotetramerisation of p.Pro872fs and WT channels also caused a dominant negative effect on trafficking by an increase in ER retention of these heterotetrameric channels, which surpassed the former gain in repolarising power.The LQTS phenotype in the studied family is caused by a mutation with novel properties. We demonstrate that a KCNH2 mutation that clinically leads to long QT syndrome causes at the cellular level both a "gain" and a "loss" of HERG channel function due to a kinetic increase in repolarising power and a decrease in trafficking efficiency of heteromultimeric channels.
N-acetylglucosamine-6-O-sulfotransferases 1 and 2 cooperatively control lymphocyte homing through L-selectin ligand biosynthesis in high endothelial venules
Authors: Hiroto Kawashima, Bronislawa Petryniak, Nobuyoshi Hiraoka, Junya Mitoma, Valerie Huckaby, Jun Nakayama, Kenji Uchimura, Kenji Kadomatsu, Takashi Muramatsu, John B Lowe, Minoru Fukuda
Journal: Nature Immunology (2005)
Sequential Bone Scanning in Untreated and Treated Burkitt??s Lymphoma of the Jaw
Authors: RODNEY C. HARTMAN, NORMAN L. MARTIN, RALPH G. ROBINSON, DAVID F. PRESTON
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

A case report is presented in which an initial bone scan in a patient with Burkitt's lymphoma of the jaw was negative, with radiographic and subsequent biopsy proof of bone involvement. Follow-up scans after chemotherapy demonstrated increased activity in the jaw, presumably indicating interval healing.
SPLENOMEGALIA LYMPHATICA HYPERPLASTICA, OR GENERALIZED GIANT LYMPH FOLLICLE HYPERPLASIA OF LYMPH NODES AND SPLEEN
Authors: R. D. Baker
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Three cases of splenomegalia lymphatica hyperplastica have been reported by Brill, Baehr and Rosenthal. 1 My patient was a man, aged 50, who came to my office for the first time, Oct. 22, 1926, with a history of swollen nodes behind the ears and on the back of the neck since early summer. He complained also of occasional cold and hot feelings; of discomfort in the upper abdomen, irregularly; of being very tired; of slight headache and of nervousness and at times nausea. He did not sleep well and had no appetite.  The family history was negative. The personal history was negative, except for an appendectomy in 1915.  On physical examination the principal positive observations were: very bad breath; blood pressure 100 systolic and 60 diastolic; pulse 96; temperature 99.2; one dead tooth; slightly increased tone in the upper right rectus; tenderness in the region of the
Register of newly diagnosed diabetic children.
Authors: A Bloom, T M Hayes, D R Gamble
Journal: BMJ (1975)

In November 1972 the British Diabetic Association sponsored a register to which notification was invited of all new cases of diabetes occurring in children aged 0-15 years in Great Britain and Ireland. More than 2000 cases were notified in the first two years. Notification suggested that there was a minimum yearly incidence of 7-67 cases per 100 000, though incidences varied from year to year and by geographical area. Several reports of simultaneous onset of diabetes in sibs of different ages provided evidence of clustering. A seasonal variation in incidence was found in children aged 5-15 years with peaks in the autumn and winter. The age distribution was bimodal with a main peak at about 11 years and a secondary peak at about 5 years. The sex ratio showed a male excess from 0-4 years and from 11-15 years and a female excess from 5-10 years. Overall there were slightly more male cases. Altogether 11% of patients had a first-degree relative with diabetes. The register and several investigations based on it will continue.
Abstract 2367: Neural progenitor cells deficient in BAX and BAK manifest progressive hyperplasia and tumorigenesis
Authors: Samuel G. Katz, Jill K. Fisher, Roderick T. Bronson, Keith L. Ligon, Loren D. Walensky
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract The pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins BAX and BAK serve as essential gatekeepers of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway and, when activated, transform into pore-forming homo-oligomers that permeabilize the mitochondrial outer membrane. Deletion of Bax and Bak causes marked resistance to many death stimuli in a variety of cell types. Bax−/−Bak−/− mice are predominantly non-viable and survivors exhibit multiple developmental abnormalities characterized by cellular excess, including accumulation of neural progenitor cells in the periventricular, hippocampal, cerebellar, and olfactory bulb regions of the brain. To explore the long-term pathophysiologic consequences of BAX/BAK deficiency in the central nervous system, we generated Bak−/− mice with conditional deletion of Bax in Nestin-positive cells. Aged mice manifest progressive brain enlargement with a profound accumulation of NeuN- and Sox2-positive neural progenitor cells within the subventricular zone niche. One-third of the mice develop frank masses comprised of the progenitor neurons, and in 20% of these cases, more aggressive, hypercellular tumors emerged. Interestingly, 60% of NestinCreBaxfl/flBak−/− mice harbor high-grade tumors within the testis interstitium, a peripheral site of Nestin expression. This mouse model of apoptotic blockade highlights the constitutive role of BAX/BAK in long-term regulation of Nestin-positive progenitor cell pools, with loss of function predisposing to adult-onset tumorigenesis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2367. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2367
Proposed Change of Name.
Authors: Frank Trester Smith
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Chattanooga, Tenn., Oct. 24, 1893. <h3>To the Editor:</h3> —Apropos of your editorial, "Try a New Name," I would state that the Tri-State Medical Society of Alabama, Georgia and Tennessee will at its next meeting vote on a proposition to change the name to the Southeastern Medical Society. The next meeting will be held in Atlanta on the second Tuesday in October, 1894. Fraternally,
Rescue thrombolysis for failure of primary thrombolysis cannot be justified
Authors: A G C Sutton
Journal: BMJ (1999)

EDITOR—Drenth et al suggest a policy of repeat thrombolysis if initial thrombolysis fails,1 but their arguments are flawed.

Firstly, they state that a routine policy of rescue angioplasty cannot be justified from a review of the literature, although they fail to mention that the trial by Ellis et al showed a significant reduction in the incidence of death or severe heart failure in the rescue angioplasty group compared with the conservative group.2 …
New start date for medical posts Will cause confusion with registration
Authors: A J Rich, M Clark, P D Miller
Journal: BMJ (1994)

EDITOR, - T J S Chesser and F M E Wadsworth have drawn attention to senior house officers' lack of awareness of the change in start dates for hospital medical and dental posts.1 There seems to be an even more unpleasant surprise for junior doctors. Those with limited registration that expires with their current post on 31 July cannot have their registration automatically extended by the General Medical Council for a further two days. These doctors will need to reapply for an extension and will have to pay the normal …
Escherichia coli DNA Contamination in AmpliTaq Gold Polymerase Interferes with TaqMan Analysis of lacZ
Authors: Jonna K Koponen, Anna-Mari Turunen, Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2002)

Real-time PCR is a powerful method for the quantification of gene expression in biological samples. This method uses TaqMan chemistry based on the 5′-exonuclease activity of the AmpliTaq Gold DNA polymerase which releases fluorescence from hybridized probes during synthesis of each new PCR product. Many gene therapy studies use lacZ, encoding Escherichia coli β-galactosidase, as a marker gene. Our results demonstrate that E. coli DNA contamination in AmpliTaq Gold polymerase interferes with TaqMan analysis of lacZ gene expression and decreases sensitivity of the method below the level required for biodistribution and long-term gene expression studies. In biodistribution analyses the contamination can lead to false-negative results by masking low-level lacZ expression in target and ectopic tissues, and false-positive results if sufficient controls are not used. We conclude that, to get reliable TaqMan results with lacZ, adequate controls should be included in each run to rule out contamination from AmpliTaq Gold polymerase.
Gallium-67 Imaging in Pericarditis Secondary to Tuberculosis and Histoplasmosis
Authors: RAYMOND TAILLEFER, RAYMOND-JEAN LEMIEUX, DANIEL PICARD, GEORGES DUPRAS
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1981)

In recent years, many case of Ga-67 uptake by the heart have been reported. One such case involved a patient with tuberculous pericarditis.1 Recently, a patient was referred to us for the investigation of a fever of unkown origin. A Ga-67 scan was performed and showed an intense uptake by the pericardium. The final diagnosis was pericarditis secondary to mediastinal lymph node involvement with tuberculosis and histoplasmosis.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF VITREOUS OPACITIES
Authors: T. L. De Courcy
Journal: BMJ (1929)

EIA _AThe matter is urgenit.Comwiplaints are being mlade from all over the country, not onily of the colndition of streams wllich are recognized as passing through induastrial areas, but of some of our beautiful fishlinlg streams in rural counitry, where until recently practically no pollution existed.These new trade pollutionis are of immenisely greater magnitude than the old.Forimerly there were numberless comparatively smnall factories with discharges varying between-twenty and thirty thousand galloiis a day of diirty water.Now, from beet suigar factories, artificial silk factories, and large dairies, tlle volume of foul water may amount to millions of gallons from one factory in a day.Thus one sueh large factory may elntirely chanlge the character of a foirmerly clear and ulnpolluited stream, and I am sure that many of you are aware of this having happened.I-f such pollutions are not promptly arid properly dealt with the deterioration of our streams is certain.This is a serious matter fromn manay aspects, but especially serious in view of our increasingy iiiduistries anid popula- tion, and the difficulty of obtainiing sufficienit w-ater suipplies.The question of fisliing deserves conisideration, for instances are known' where, by the establisliunlent of one of these nmiodern factories, fislh hiave been utterly destroyed and gathered.up literally in cart-loacls; anid the value of
The AMA and the Future of Medicine-Reply
Authors: Frank B. Walker
Journal: JAMA (1987)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> As the Council on Long Range Planning and Development points out in the first paragraph of its article entitled "The Future of Medicine," the purposes of the report were (1) to identify how the future environment of medicine might affect the AMA and (2) to suggest possible strategies that the Association might employ to respond to environmental change. It is one of a series of reports prepared by the Council on the future of health care and focuses on one aspect of the future: the implications for the AMA. Other reports have focused on implications for society, patients, and individual physicians. The article was written from an AMA organizational perspective and was intended primarily to serve as a planning tool or resource for the Association; it was not intended to address the important issue of how the future environment might impact on individual physicians or patients. For a
Effects of endothelin on coronary flow, mechanical performance, oxygen uptake, and formation of purines and on outflow of prostacyclin in the isolated rabbit heart.
Authors: E Karwatowska-Prokopczuk, A Wennmalm
Journal: Circulation Research (1990)

Endothelin is a 21-residue peptide formed during incubation of isolated porcine endothelial cells. Due to its pronounced vasoconstrictor activity, endothelin has been proposed to play a role in the regulation of vascular tone. We studied the effects of synthetic endothelin (0.1-10 nM) on coronary flow, mechanical performance, myocardial oxygen uptake, and formation of purines, and outflow of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (metabolite of prostacyclin) in rabbit hearts perfused with saline by the Langendorff method. Endothelin dose-dependently decreased the coronary flow, at 10 nM, by about 75%. Heart rate, ventricular contractility, myocardial oxygen uptake, and purine release were affected by endothelin no more than by a corresponding mechanical reduction of the coronary flow. In contrast, the diastolic relaxation appeared to be directly diminished by endothelin. The concentration of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha in the cardiac effluent was dose-dependently elevated by about 14 times by endothelin (10 nM) (p less than 0.001). A corresponding mechanical restriction of the coronary flow insignificantly affected the effluent concentration of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha. The calcium channel blocker nifedipine (1 microM) completely abolished the decrease in diastolic relaxation induced by endothelin and markedly counteracted the peptide-induced increase in effluent concentration of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha, but did not affect the vasoconstrictor activity. These data demonstrate that endothelin induces vasoconstriction and facilitates the outflow of prostacyclin in the rabbit heart. In addition, the peptide appears to affect diastolic relaxation in this organ.
TCT-300 Differential Prognostic Impact of Intravascular Ultrasound Utilization According to Implanted Stent Length
Authors: Jung-Min Ahn, Shin-Eui Yoon, Seung Mo Kang, Hyun Woo Park, Uk Jo, Young-Rak Cho, Gyung-Min Park, Won-Jang Kim, Jong-Young Lee, Duk-Woo Park, Soo-Jin Kang, Seung-Whan Lee, Young-Hak Kim, Cheol Whan Lee, Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2012)
Naturally Occurring Anti-Rh Antibody
Authors: Fred H. Allen, John L. Newell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1958)

ALTHOUGH anti-A and anti-B occur normally in all persons of blood Type O, anti-Rh (anti-D) is not normally found even in Rh-negative persons, unless they have had specific stimulation in the form of blood transfusion or incompatible fetus. Only 1 previous case has been reported§ in which the presence of anti-Rh was believed unaccountable on the basis of either transfusion or pregnancy.Case ReportMrs. X, a 24-year-old Type O, Rh-negative woman, was pregnant for the 1st time. At 36 weeks' gestation, the blood was found to contain anti-Rh antibodies in low titer (1:2). Her husband was Rh negative, and . . .
Life’s Simple 7 and Incidence of Diabetes Among American Indians: The Strong Heart Family Study
Authors: Amanda M. Fretts, Barbara V. Howard, Barbara McKnight, Glen E. Duncan, Shirley A.A. Beresford, Mihriye Mete, Ying Zhang, David S. Siscovick
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

The American Heart Association's recommendations for optimal health, summarized in Life's Simple 7, have been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related end points, but no studies have examined the association of these goals with incident type 2 diabetes, which is associated with high risk for CVD. The purpose of this analysis was to examine the associations of Life's Simple 7 goals with incident diabetes among American Indians, a population at high risk of cardiometabolic diseases.Strong Heart Family Study participants without diabetes (n = 1,639) at baseline and who participated in a follow-up examination were included in the analysis. Risk scores ranging from 0 to 7 were created using physical activity, diet, BMI, smoking, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and cholesterol metrics in accordance with Life's Simple 7 goals. Diabetes was defined using 2003 American Diabetes Association criteria, including use of insulin or oral antidiabetes medication or a follow-up fasting plasma glucose level ≥126 mg/dL. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine the association of risk scores with incident diabetes.During a mean 5-year follow-up (range 4-8 years), we identified 210 cases of incident type 2 diabetes. Compared with participants who achieved 0-1 goals, those who achieved 2-3 or 4+ goals had lower odds of diabetes, with odds ratios = 0.40 (95% CI 0.29-0.56) and 0.11 (95% CI 0.05-0.21), respectively.The adoption of as few as two or three Life's Simple 7 goals is associated with a lower risk of diabetes.
Generalist Medicine and the U.S. Health System: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Series on Health Policy
Authors: JudyAnn Bigby
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2005)

Medical Writings: Book Notes1 February 2005Generalist Medicine and the U.S. Health System: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Series on Health PolicyJudyAnn Bigby, MDJudyAnn Bigby, MDFrom Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-142-3-200502010-00032 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Isaacs SL, Knickman JR, eds. 674 pages. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 2004. $50.00. ISBN 0787972452. Order at www.josseybass.com.Field of medicine: Primary care, generalist medicine, and health policy.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Policymakers, health policy researchers, medical educators, medical historians, academic primary care faculty, and generalist practice administrators and manager leaders.Purpose: To serve as a text “that will be used in medical schools, schools of public health, and other schools offering courses in primary health care or generalist practice; as a tool that will give individuals working in government the knowledge on which to base policies and programs; as an ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 February 2005Volume 142, Issue 3Page: 232KeywordsEcologyForecastingHealth care policyHealth information technologyPediatricsPrevention, policy, and public healthPrimary carePrimary care physiciansPublic policySoftware tools ePublished: 1 February 2005 Issue Published: 1 February 2005 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2005 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...