tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract LB-301: Copper chelation therapy suppresses tumor growth by inhibiting mitochondrial ATP production in tumors.
Authors: Seiko Ishida, Pénélope Andreux, Johan Auwerx, Douglas Hanahan
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Through our yeast genetic screen, we have previously identified the copper transporter Ctr1 as a major mediator of cisplatin uptake in mammals (1), and have subsequently shown in a transgenic mouse model of human cervical cancer that reducing systemic copper levels with a copper chelator, which is clinically used to treat patients with copper disorders, results in enhanced uptake of cisplatin selectively in tumors but not in normal, non-cancerous tissues (2), suggesting that tumors are particularly sensitive to changes in copper levels. In fact, environmental copper exposure has been associated with cancer risk in humans, although the nature of its effects on tumourigenesis remains unclear. Using a transgenic mouse model of pancreatic islet carcinoma, here we demonstrate that chronic exposure to elevated levels of copper in drinking water, corresponding to the maximum level allowed in our drinking water, accelerate tumor growth by stimulating proliferation of cancer cells. Conversely, reducing systemic copper with a chelating drug resulted in inhibition of tumor growth and cancer cell proliferation. Under copper limitation, tumors displayed decreased activity of the copper-binding mitochondrial enzyme cytochrome c oxidase and reduced ATP levels, despite enhanced glycolysis. The anti-proliferative effect of copper chelation was not observed in cells deficient in cytochrome c oxidase activity, but was enhanced when combined with inhibitors of glycolysis. Interestingly, larger tumors contained less copper than smaller tumors, and exhibited lower activity of cytochrome c oxidase and higher glucose uptake, suggesting that a shift towards glycolytic metabolism observed in tumors even in the presence of ample oxygen (Warburg effect) may in part reflect insufficient copper bioavailability in the tumour microenvironment. Our work identifies copper as a rate-limiting element for tumor growth and mitochondrial ATP production, and provides experimental evidence that explains the association between copper intake levels and cancer implicated in previous epidemiological and clinical studies. These findings offer a novel concept of limiting intake levels of this environmental factor as a strategy for cancer prevention and treatment. Citation Format: Seiko Ishida, Pénélope Andreux, Johan Auwerx, Douglas Hanahan. Copper chelation therapy suppresses tumor growth by inhibiting mitochondrial ATP production in tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-301. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-301
Cardiovascular Death and Left Ventricular Remodeling Two Years After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Martin St. John Sutton, Marc A. Pfeffer, Lemuel Moye, Ted Plappert, Jean L. Rouleau, Gervasio Lamas, Jacques Rouleau, John O. Parker, Malcolm O. Arnold, Bruce Sussex, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Circulation (1997)

We quantified cardiovascular death and/or left ventricular (LV) dilatation in patients from the SAVE trial to determine whether dilatation continued beyond 1 year, whether ACE inhibitor therapy attenuated late LV dilatation, and whether any baseline descriptors predicted late dilatation.Two-dimensional echocardiograms were obtained in 512 patients at 11+/-3 days and 1 and 2 years postinfarction to assess LV size, percentage of the LV that was akinetic/dyskinetic (%AD), and LV shape index. LV function was assessed by radionuclide ejection fraction. Two hundred sixty-three patients (51.4%) sustained cardiovascular death and/or LV diastolic dilatation; 279 (54.5%) had cardiovascular death and/or systolic dilatation. In 373 patients with serial echocardiograms, LV end-diastolic and end-systolic sizes increased progressively from baseline to 2 years (both P<.01). More patients with LV dilatation had a decrease in ejection fraction: 24.8% versus 6.8% (P<.001) (diastole) and 25.7% versus 5.3% (P<.001) (systole). Captopril attenuated diastolic LV dilatation at 2 years (P=.048), but this effect was carried over from the first year of therapy because changes in LV size with captopril beyond 1 year were similar to those with placebo. Predictors of cardiovascular death and/or dilatation were age (P=.023), prior infarction (P<.001), lower ejection fraction (P<.001), angina (P=.007), heart failure (P=.002), LV size (P<.001), and infarct size (%AD) (P<.001).Cardiovascular death and/or LV dilatation occurred in >50% of patients by 2 years. LV dilatation is progressive, associated with chamber distortion and deteriorating function that is unaffected by captopril beyond 1 year.
Gestational impaired glucose tolerance does not increase perinatal mortality in a developing country: cohort study
Authors: S. Ramtoola
Journal: BMJ (2001)

<b>Background:</b> A worldwide increase in prevalence of Non tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) infection has been observed over the past decades. There is no evidence of human-to-human transmission and human disease may be acquired from environmental exposures. <b>Aim:</b> We started a survey to identify NTM in sputa from patients from the Respiratory wards of S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital in Rome and to test NTM presence in the hospital water supply network . <b>Methods:</b> From January 2011 to December 2014 sputa were collected from each individual referred to the respiratory wards and tested for Mycobacterium presence . Positive samples were examined by INNO-Lipa Mycobacteria v2 assay for subtypes identification.Samples from respiratory wards tap water and showers were also collected . <b>Results:</b> Sputa analysis confirmed an increase in NTM infection: in 2011 27.5% of 190 acid fast bacilli (AFB) positive patients were NTM positive NTM, while in 2013 we observed 240 AFB positive patients 60% positive for NTM (p&lt;0.0001). Survey on the water supply network of the Respiratory Department pointed out a significant NTM presence.In 2014, following water decontamination a significant decrease of NTM presence in respiratory wards pipeline was observed and only 3.5 % of 209 positive sputa were positive for NTM (p&lt;0.0001). <b>Conclusions:</b> We showed a NTM increase in sputa from respiratory wards patients associated with NTM hospital water pipeline contamination.These findings are important because NTM infection of patients with lung diseases may be life-threatening. We believe that prompt water network surveys and decontamination should be taken to reduce this source of infection.
Treatment of Anxiety: a Comparison of the Usefulness of Self-Hypnosis and a Meditational Relaxation Technique
Authors: Herbert Benson, Fred H. Frankel, Roberta Apfel, Michael D. Daniels, Henry E. Schniewind, John C. Nemiah, Peter E. Sifneos, Karen D. Crassweller, Martha M. Greenwood, Jamie B. Kotch, Patricia A. Arns, Bernard Rosner
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1978)

We have investigated prospectively the efficacy of two nonpharmacologic relaxation techniques in the therapy of anxiety. A simple, meditational relaxation technique (MT) that elicits the changes of decreased sympathetic nervous system activity was compared to a self-hypnosis technique (HT) in which relaxation, with or without altered perceptions, was suggested. 32 patients with anxiety neurosis were divided into 2 groups on the basis of their responsivity to hypnosis: moderate-high and low responsivity. The MT or HT was then randomly assigned separately to each member of the two responsivity groups. Thus, 4 treatment groups were studied: moderate-high responsivity MT; low responsivity MT; moderate-high responsivity HT; and low responsivity HT. The low responsivity HT group, by definition largely incapable of achieving the altered perceptions essential to hypnosis, was designed as the control group. Patients were instructed to practice the assigned technique daily for 8 weeks. Change in anxiety was determined by three types of evaluation: psychiatric assessment; physiologic testing; and self-assessment. There was essentially no difference between the two techniques in therapeutic efficacy according to these evaluations. Psychiatric assessment revealed overall improvement in 34% of the patients and the self-rating assessment indicated improvement in 63% of the population. Patients who had moderate-high hypnotic responsivity, independent of the technique used, significantly improved on psychiatric assessment (p = 0.05) and decreased average systolic blood pressure from 126.1 to 122.5 mm Hg over the 8-week period (p = 0.048). The responsivity scores at the higher end of the hypnotic responsivity spectrum were proportionately correlated to greater decreases in systolic blood pressure (p = 0.075) and to improvement by psychiatric assessment (p = 0.003). There was, however, no consistent relation between hypnotic responsivity and the other assessments made, such as diastolic blood pressure, oxygen consumption, heart rate and the self-rating questionnaires. The meditaiional and self-hypnosis techniques employed in this investigation are simple to use and effective in the therapy of anxiety.
Participation in colorectal cancer screening trials after first-time invitation: a systematic review
Authors: C. Khalid-de Bakker, D. Jonkers, K. Smits, I. Mesters, A. Masclee, R. Stockbrügger
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is implemented by an increasing number of countries. Participation rates of screening programs influence the health benefit and cost-effectiveness of the applied method. The aim was to systematically review participation rate after first-time invitation for CRC screening with fecal occult blood test (FOBT), sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, and/or computed tomography (CT) colonography.A systematic literature search was performed prior to October 1 2009. Prospective CRC screening studies of unselected populations reporting participation rates were included.After meta-analyses, overall participation rates were found to be 47 % for FOBT, 42 % for fecal immunologic tests (FITs), 35 % for sigmoidoscopy, 41 % for sigmoidoscopy combined with FIT/FOBT, 28 % for colonoscopy, and 22 % for CT colonography. Studies comparing screening methods showed higher participation rates for less invasive methods. Studies comparing invitation methods showed higher participation rates with general practitioner involvement, a more personalized recruitment approach, and reduction of barriers that discourage participation.Knowledge of identified factors affecting CRC screening participation can be used to improve screening programs.
Evaluation of Rubella Herd Immunity During an Epidemic
Authors: Daniel E. Lehane
Journal: JAMA (1970)

The effectiveness of herd immunity as a method of protecting rubella-susceptible individuals during epidemic conditions was evaluated. Six groups of Marine trainees were followed longitudinally through a rubella epidemic. Levels of herd immunity in these groups ranged from 87% to 100%. All susceptible men developed rubella infection with a 2:1 inapparent to apparent infection ratio. In a military population rubella is characterized as an endemic disease with seasonal epidemics. Arthritis and arthralgia were found in 21% of 292 cases of rubella in adult men. Vaccination of selected susceptible adult women is needed.
The Doctor, the Hospital, and the Patient in England: Rights and Responsibilities Under National Health Service
Authors: George Hall
Journal: JAMA (1967)

Since the adoption of the National Health Service Act in Great Britain in 1946, and its implementation in 1948, the American public and medical profession have been deluged with much heat, but not too much light, on the merits of the program. Since, as the author states, in this country the state and federal governments are taking ever increasing roles in regard to medical and hospital services, Great Britain's 18 years of experience, trying to strike the proper balance between individual freedom and public responsibility, are quite relevant to future developments here. The British general practitioner is not a slave. He is legally an independent contractor who is clinically free to practice his profession as his judgment indicates. He can determine the pattern of his practice, select his professional colleagues and, with rare exceptions, choose his patients and his place of practice. He is not even required by the law
Increased Molar Proinsulin-to-Insulin Ratio in Women With Previous Gestational Diabetes Does Not Predict Later Impairment of Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Ulf Hanson, Bengt Persson, Svend G Hartling, Christian Binder
Journal: Diabetes Care (1996)

To evaluate if an increased proinsulin-to-insulin ratio (PI/I) in former gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) subjects could be a marker for later impairment of glucose tolerance.This study is a prospective follow-up. In a previous follow-up study of former GDM subjects 3-4 years after an index pregnancy, an increased PI/I was found also in normoglycemic nonobese former GDM subjects compared with control subjects. A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed 3 years after the first follow-up, i.e., 6-7 years after the index pregnancy in 97 of the former GDM subjects and in 23 control subjects. A 75-g OGTT according to the World Health Organization was performed. Glucose, insulin, proinsulin, and C-peptide were determined at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min after the glucose intake.Since the first follow-up, an additional 3 in 97 (3.1%) and 15 in 97 (15.5%) of the former GDM subjects had NIDDM or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), respectively. All control subjects still had a normal OGTT. The fasting PI/I at follow-ups 1 and 2 was significantly correlated in the former GDM subjects (r = 0.41, P < 0.001) and in the control group (r = 0.46, P < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between the PI/I in follow-up 1 and the fasting or 2-h glucose values at follow-up 2. If GDM subjects with a PI/I in the upper quartile in the first follow-up were compared with those with a lower PI/I, there were no significant differences in outcome of OGTT in the second follow-up.The hypothesis that an increased fasting PI/I is a marker for later development of NIDDM or IGT in former GDM subjects could not be supported.
Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology—a Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Jane Schulte
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology might be thought, from its title, strictly for specialists. Many of the contributions, however, are relevant to primary care and general paediatrics. For general practitioners, the chapters on vaginal discharge and dermatological conditions of the genitalia give sensible and practical advice, emphasizing the difference between children and adults; and all who work with children and young people, whatever the setting, will be helped by the sections on the needs of adolescent patients, communication with parents, and how to share decision-making with parents and patients. General paediatricians will appreciate the clear explanations and practical advice in the chapters on growth and puberty, management of ambiguous genitalia at birth, and eating disorders (including the long-term sequelae of nutritional amenorrhoea). From coverage of the difficult area of adolescence and transition the book moves on to management of infertility. However, much of this large book is about intersex and the gynaecological (medical and surgical) interventions for this rare condition. As the title indicates, there is strong emphasis on multidisciplinary strategies: psychological issues receive much attention and the approach is patient and family centred, holistic. One of the book's great strengths is the summary of key points, with practical recommendations at the end of the chapters.

As a paediatrician who sees a lot of children with suspected sexual abuse and also other 'gynaecological disorders', I found several chapters helpful, well referenced and sensible. It is good to see a book written from a somewhat European angle (although the contributors come from throughout the globe). There is much in it for practitioners in various fields, medical and surgical, and I certainly recommended purchase by the libraries of children's hospitals.
Serum sialic acid concentration and cardiovascular mortality.
Authors: G Lindberg, G A Eklund, B Gullberg, L Rastam
Journal: BMJ (1991)

To determine whether serum sialic acid concentration may be used to predict short and long term cardiovascular mortality.Prospective study on all men and women who had their serum sialic acid concentration measured as part of a general health survey in 1964 or in 1965. All were followed up for an average of 20.5 years.Geographical part of the county of Värmland, Sweden.Residents in the area participating in a health check up in 1964-5 (27,065 men and 28,037 women), of whom 372 men (169 with incomplete data and 203 lost to follow up) and 345 women (143 and 202 respectively) were excluded; thus 26,693 men and 27,692 women entered the study. The study sample was restricted to subjects aged 40-74 during any of the 20 years' follow up.Serum sialic acid concentration, serum cholesterol concentration, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index at the general health survey visit; cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular deaths during three periods of follow up (0-6 years, 7-13 years, and 14-20 years), according to the Swedish mortality register, in subjects aged 45-74.Mean serum sialic acid concentration (mg/100 ml) was 68.8 (SD 8.0) for men and 69.2 (8.0) for women; the average concentration increasing with age in both sexes. A total of 5639 (21%) men and 3307 (12%) women died during the follow up period, in whom death in 3052 (54%) men and 1368 (41%) women was from cardiovascular causes. During short (0-6 years), medium (7-13 years), and long (14-20 years) term follow up the relative risk of death from cardiovascular disease increased with increasing serum sialic acid concentration. The relative risk (95% confidence interval) associated with the highest quartile of sialic acid concentration compared with the lowest quartile was 2.38 (2.01 to 2.83) in men and 2.62 (1.93 to 3.57) in women. Similar results were found for deaths from non-cardiovascular disease with relative risks of 1.50 (1.34 to 2.68) in men and 1.89 (1.57 to 2.28) in women, but these relative risks were significantly lower than those for deaths from cardiovascular disease (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.005 respectively). In multivariate analysis of total mortality and of cardiovascular mortality with sialic acid concentration, serum cholesterol concentration, diastolic blood pressure, and body mass index as independent variables the impact of sialic acid concentration was virtually the same as in univariate analysis.Serum sialic acid concentration is a strong predictor of cardiovascular mortality. A possible explanation of these findings is that the serum sialic acid concentration may reflect the existence or the activity of an atherosclerotic process, and this may warrant further investigation.
SOME REMARKS ON ECZEMA OF CHILDREN.Read in the Section on Diseases of Children at the Forty-fifth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Sun Francisco, June 5-8, 1894.
Authors: WM. M. HOLTON
Journal: JAMA (1894)

of albumen, urates, phosphates, indican.Urination oc¬ curred six to eight times a day.Amount in twenty-four hours eight ounces.Uric acid present, amount not deter¬ mined.No sugar or bile pigment.The diagnosis was lith¬ emia with congestion of the kidneys.The treatment di¬ rected to elimination of retained matters ; correction of the
Bahraini doctors start hunger strike over arrests and trials in military court
Authors: S. Arie
Journal: BMJ (2011)

Twelve medical professionals detained in Bahrain for the past six months on charges of anti-state activities have begun a hunger strike in protest over their continuing detention and trial in a military court on charges that they believe have been trumped up by a regime that sees them as dangerous political opponents. 

The health of many of the 12—nine doctors, one paramedic, and two nurses—has deteriorated while they have been in jail, and seven are now very weak and have had to receive intravenous solutions since they stopped eating on 31 August. Some are thought to be depressed but no longer taking treatment. One is …
Pre-treatment with prednisolone does not improve the efficacy of subsequent alpha interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Magda Guilera, Xavier Forns, Xavier Torras, Jaime Enríquez, Susana Coll, Ricard Solà, Rosa Morillas, Ramón Planas, Sergi Ampurdanès, Marta Soler, Josep Costa, Juan C Sáiz, José M Sánchez-Tapias, Juan Rodés
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2000)
Quantitation, selection, and functional characterization of Epstein-Barr virus–specific and alloreactive T cells detected by intracellular interferon-γ production and growth of cytotoxic precursors
Authors: Guenther Koehne, Katherine M. Smith, Teresa L. Ferguson, Roxanne Y. Williams, Glenn Heller, Eric G. Pamer, Bo Dupont, Richard J. O'Reilly
Journal: Blood (2002)
P998 BENEFIT OF SORAFENIB ACCORDING TO UNDERLYING LIVER DISEASE ETIOLOGY IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA (HCC)
Authors: M. Bouattour, N. Goutte, M.-P. Vullierme, C. Castelnau, O. Farges, S. Faivre, F. Durand, L. Castera
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2014)
Haemolytic Transfusion Reaction Due to an Anti-Lewisa Agglutinin
Authors: S. I. Vries, H. S. Smitskamp
Journal: BMJ (1951)

MEDIC JOURNAL obstruction of the bronchi, with distension of the peripheral alveoli.These distended alveoli might sub- sequently rupture direct through the visceral pleura or into the interstitial spaces.In the latter case the air may then track aJong intrapulmonary tissue planes to the mediastinum, or pzripherally to the subp'eural surface, when blebs may form and subsequently rupture.The rare occurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax in association with metastatic tumours of the lung is some- what surprising, as lung necrosis is a conspicuous feature in such cases, and pleural perforation might be expected more commonly.Certainly few such cases have been recorded.I wish to thank Dr.
ISOLATED LACTASE DEFICIT IN THE ADULT: A PRESENT VIEW
Authors: Armand Littman
Journal: JAMA (1966)

What a joy to the clinician to find the arcane skills of research scientists directed to such matters as bloating, flatulence, cramps, and diarrhea! It is now clear that these symptoms can be caused by milk and other foods containing lactose in many persons deficient in the intestinal enzyme lactase. Rapidly moving research has localized lactase, the enzyme that splits lactose into glucose and galactose, and other disaccharidases to the intestinal epithelium. Peroral biopsy specimens of jejunal mucosa can be assayed accurately, providing the basis for a new field of investigation. As Kern and Struthers point out in this issue (p 927), when mucosal lactase is deficient, lactose is absorbed poorly from the intestinal lumen. Its osmotic activity results in great influx of water through the intestinal wall—more than 1,400 ml in one experiment—followed by cramps and watery diarrhea. As unabsorbed lactose reaches the lower intestine, rapid fermentation takes place,