tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 12427: Plasma microRNA in Patients with Hypertensive Heart Disease: Differential Expression in Left Ventricular Hypertrophy versus Diastolic Heart Failure
Authors: Michael R Zile, Shannon M Mehurg, Elizabeth C O'Quinn, Robert E Stroud, Stacia M DeSantis, Francis G Spinale
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background:  MicroRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding RNAs that associate with target mRNAs and act as regulators of gene expression by promoting mRNA degradation or inhibiting translation. Animal models suggest that miRs play a translational or post-translational regulatory role in myocardial growth, fibrosis, and remodeling. However, whether specific miRs are differentially expressed in patients with LV hypertrophy (LVH) or diastolic heart failure (DHF) is unknown. The current study tested the hypothesis that plasma miRs could be reliably measured in patients and that there is selective regulation of specific miRs with LVH vs. DHF.   Methods and Results:  Plasma miR, echocardiography, 6 minute hall walk (6MHW) were measured in controls (CTL n=15) and patients with LVH but no DHF (n=13, LVH), and patients with LVH and DHF (n=13, DHF). DHF patients had shorter 6MHW, increased pulmonary wedge pressures, and increased nt-proBNP compared with CTL or LVH patients. Selected miRs (miR-1, -21, -29a, 133a, 760) were measured using quantitative rt-PCR and normalized for endogenous snRNA U6 which served as a control (Table). Coefficient of variation for all miRs was less than 10%. In LVH, there were increases in miR-21 (augment hypertrophic growth), and increased miR-1, 29a, 133a, and 760 (limit fibrosis). In DHF, this compensatory response in miRs was lost; all miRs were similar to CTL possibly facilitating the increased fibrosis and less growth induction characteristic of DHF.   Conclusions:  A unique profile of miRs was upregulated in patients with LVH; however, this compensatory response at the level of translational regulation was lost in patients who had developed DHF. Changes in miRs could serve as a novel biomarker identifying a molecular signature which reflects a change in translational regulation in patients making the transition from hypertrophy to heart failure.
Aid agencies warn of mounting humanitarian crisis among refugees in South Sudan
Authors: P. Moszynski
Journal: BMJ (2012)

Tens of thousands of refugees fleeing Sudan are facing a medical emergency as they arrive in overcrowded camps in newly independent South Sudan, according to doctors from Medecins Sans Frontieres.

The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees says South Sudan (a country with some of the world’s worst health indicators1) is currently hosting more than 150 000 refugees from Sudan. More than 112 000 are in Upper Nile state, while a further 51 000 are in settlements further west in Unity state.

“With the security and humanitarian conditions deteriorating in South Kordofan and Blue Nile, a growing number of Sudanese have been seeking refuge in South …
Intrapancreatic Accessory Spleen Diagnosed on Radionuclide Imaging
Authors: Sara Melboucy Belkhir, Frédérique Archambaud, Alain Prigent, Philippe Chaumet-Riffaud
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2009)

Intrapancreatic accessory spleen (IPAS) is ectopic splenic tissue distinct from the main spleen. A 46-year-old man with chronic hepatitis C, presented in 2006 with low right chest pain which led to a diagnosis of tuberculosis pleurisy. CT scan and MRI showed a round, homogenous, well limited mass of 3cm in the pancreas tail. Tc-99m heat-damaged red blood cell scintigraphy with SPECT-CT was performed to confirm the diagnosis of IPAS. Most cases of IPAS described in the literature were diagnosed by pathologists after distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy performed for a suspicion of pancreatic tumor. However, heat-damaged red blood cell scintigraphy remains the most commonly used diagnostic procedure for IPAS, even if superparamagnetic iron oxide MRI contrast agent may be used in the future.
THE ENHANCING EFFECT OF CONCURRENT INFECTION WITH PNEUMOTROPIC VIRUSES ON PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IN MICE
Authors: Mogens Volkert, Cynthia Pierce, Frank L. Horsfall, René J. Dubos
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1947)

The course of pulmonary tuberculosis in the mouse appears to be accelerated as a result of concurrent infection of the lung with either of two pneumotropic viruses. This effect is obtained with virus inocula sufficiently small as to induce little or no definite viral pneumonia.
URINARY FORMALDEHYDOGENIC CORTICOID AS DETERMINED AFTER ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND IN PATIENTS WITH ADRENAL AND HYPER-TENSIVE DISEASE
Authors: Harriet P. Dustan, Harold L. Mason, A. C. Corcoran, Geraldine Nickell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1953)

Corticosteroids appear in urine in free form and as conjugates.Most methods of assay of urinary corticoids involve acidification to pH 1 prior to extraction (1); increased yields thus obtained may be attributable to hydrolysis of steroid sul- fates (2) since glucuronides are resistant to hy- drolysis at pH 1 and room temperature.Treat- ment of urine with glucuronidase causes a further large increase in yield of both reducing (3) and formaldehydogenic (4, 5) corticoids because of hydrolysis of corticoid glucuronides.Measure- ment of urinary formaldehydogenic corticoids af- ter enzymic hydrolysis should include all or nearly all the urinary content of C-21 steroids carrying a-ketol or a-glycol side chains.Conditions of hydrolysis of urinary corticoid glucuronides have therefore been examined and procedures developed and applied to the assay of urines of normal subjects, of patients with essen- tial hypertension, and of patients with diseases which affect the function of the adrenal glands.The two procedures used are similar in principle; they vary in detail and were developed and used independently; specimens were exchanged be- tween the two laboratories and analyzed by both methods. CONDITIONS OF HYDROLYSISOrienting experiments indicated that, using calf spleen /8-glucuronidase (Viobin), maximal yields of formaldehydogenic corticoid (FC) were usually obtained after 48 hours' incubation at 370 C of a mixture of urine, buffer and enzyme to which chloroform was added as a preservative.
Hypokalemic Familial Periodic Paralysis.
Authors: P. J. Talso
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1963)

s1 April 1963Hypokalemic Familial Periodic Paralysis.P. J. Talso, M.D., F.A.C.P., M. F. Glynn, M.D., Y. T. Oester, M.D., Ph.D., J. Fudema, Ph.D.P. J. Talso, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this author, M. F. Glynn, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, Y. T. Oester, M.D., Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, J. Fudema, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-723_3 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptA kindred in which 7 males and 2 females exhibit hypokalemic periodic paralysis has been intensively studied by chemical analyses of skeletal muscle, serial measurements of body composition, and electromyography.In 4 individuals, biopsies of skeletal muscle were performed in the nonparalytic and paralytic states (hypokalemia and paralysis were induced with glucose and insulin). Intra- and extracellular water content was normal in the nonparalytic state; however, intracellular sodium was increased while intracellular potassium was slightly decreased. During paralysis, the volume of extracellular phase increased remarkably, while the volume of the intracellular phase was unchanged. Intracellular sodium was decreased, while intracellular... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Chicago, Ill. (CI) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 April 1963Volume 58, Issue 4Page: 723-724KeywordsBiopsyChemical analysisElectromyographyGlucoseInsulinParalysisPotassiumSkeletal musclesSodium ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 April 1963 PDF downloadLoading ...
Tissue Engineering: Development of a Cellularly Degradable PEG Hydrogel to Promote Articular Cartilage Extracellular Matrix Deposition (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 5/2015)
Authors: Balaji V. Sridhar, John L. Brock, Jason S. Silver, Jennifer L. Leight, Mark A. Randolph, Kristi S. Anseth
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2015)

A cellularly degradable hydrogel based on peptide and protein functionalized PEG is designed on page 702 by M. A. Randolph, K. S. Anseth, and co-workers to allow local, cell-mediated remodeling in a manner that promotes cartilage extracellular matrix deposition and leads to increased mechanical properties. The cover depicts encapsulated chondrocytes secreting cartilage-specific matrix macromolecules (orange fibers and green branches) that remodel and replace the surrounding synthetic network (white lines).
Mycobacteria and sarcoidosis. Clinical studies support link.
Authors: J G Scadding
Journal: BMJ (1993)

Epidemiologicalfeatures ofpatients with cervical abnormalities Mean No of cigarettes smoked daily age (years) 0 (n=77) 1-10 (n=29) 11-20 (n=41) >20 (n=20) Wartvirusinfection(n=87) 23 5 44 18 16 8 Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: Grade I (n=34) 22-6 15 5 8 4 GradeII(n=26) 245 11 4 8 2 Grade III (n=24) 27-3 7 2 9 61 Burger MPM, Hollema H, Gouw ASH, Pieters WJLM, Quint WGV.Cigarette smoking and human papillomavirus in patients with reported cervical cytological abnormality.
Letter: Pseudotumours of the orbit.
Authors: P Gibbs
Journal: BMJ (1974)

swelling or expressed a preference for this posture.I do, however, maintain the lower limbs in the horizontal position.A patient can just as readily faint in the horizontal as in the sitting position.Some time ago I had a young, healthy female patient who, while in the supine position, fainted following the insertion of the intra- venous needle before any methohexitone had been injected.She became unconscious, with marked pallor, a moist skin, and bradycardia.She did not regain consciousness until she was tilted into the Trendelenburg position and pure oxygen was administered.She wnas subsequently anaesthetized uneventfully.The important t;hing is to recognize a faint im- mediately, whatever position the patient is in, and to treat it expeditiously.-Iam, etc.,
Ga-67 Uptake in Thymic Carcinoma
Authors: Seok Tae Lim, Myung-Hee Sohn, Min-Woo Kim, Jae-Yong Kwak, Chang-Yeol Yim
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

A patient with thymic carcinoma underwent Ga-67 scintigraphy, and increased uptake was noted in the anterior mediastinum and bone metastases. After the completion of therapy, Ga-67 scintigraphy showed no radiotracer uptake, although a residual mass was observed on computed tomography (CT). However, a new lesion was seen on Ga-67 imaging in the left lower lung field, corresponding to a suspected metastatic pulmonary nodule that was seen on CT. Before and after treatment, Ga-67 scintigraphy appeared to be superior to CT and was clinically useful in the management of the patient.
fMRI Functional Connectivity Applied to Adolescent Neurodevelopment
Authors: Monique Ernst, Salvatore Torrisi, Nicholas Balderston, Christian Grillon, Elizabeth A. Hale
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2015)

The exponential rise in the number of functional brain connectivity studies, particularly those examining intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) at rest, and the promises of this work for unraveling the ontogeny of functional neural systems motivate this review. Shortly before this explosion in functional connectivity research, developmental neuroscientists had proposed theories based on neural systems models to explain behavioral changes, particularly in adolescence. The current review presents recent advances in imaging in brain connectivity research, which provides a unique tool for the study of neural systems. Understanding the potential of neuroimaging for refining neurodevelopmental models of brain function requires a description of various functional connectivity approaches. In this review, we describe task-based and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analytic strategies, but we focus on iFC findings from resting-state data to describe general developmental trajectories of brain network organization. Finally, we use the example of drug addiction to frame a discussion of psychopathology that emerges in adolescence.
Controversies and Misconceptions in Malaria Chemoprophylaxis for Travelers
Authors: Lin H. Chen, Mary E. Wilson, Patricia Schlagenhauf
Journal: JAMA (2007)

Controversies in malaria prevention arise from the absence of data, conflicting data between different studies, conflicting recommendations, deviation of local practice from scientific data, and varying risk thresholds. Misconceptions about the seriousness of malaria, the tolerability of chemoprophylaxis drugs, and the efficacy and safety of repellents contribute to the controversies.To compare several national guidelines on malaria chemoprophylaxis to identify variations in recommendations. We reviewed studies on tolerability of mefloquine with particular focus on its neuropsychiatric adverse effects and influence on performance. We also describe why most recommended chemoprophylactic regimens fail to prevent relapses of Plasmodium vivax malaria and review available options.We searched scientific publications in MEDLINE via PubMED for relevant articles with a cutoff date of December 2006 using the search terms malaria, chemoprophylaxis, travel, mefloquine, neuropsychiatric adverse events, tolerability, vivax malaria, and primaquine. Additional references were obtained from bibliographies of the selected articles. There were no language restrictions.Gaps and conflicts exist among current guidelines. Health authorities vary in the chemoprophylaxis drugs they recommend, the indications for continuous prophylaxis vs no prophylaxis, and the use of standby emergency treatment. Despite widespread reports on the adverse effects of mefloquine, controlled studies found that serious neuropsychiatric adverse events occur at rates comparable with or lower than other chemoprophylaxis drugs. Moreover, mefloquine does not appear to impair performance while driving, flying, or diving. Vivax malaria causes significant illness in travelers, but current first-line chemoprophylaxis agents do not prevent relapses of vivax malaria. Although not licensed in most countries as primary prophylaxis, primaquine effectively prevents relapses of vivax malaria.Prevention of malaria in travelers requires detailed knowledge of malaria epidemiology and host-vector-parasite interactions. Decisions are complicated by a lack of standardized recommendations, controversies, and misconceptions. Improved international consensus is indicated to minimize conflicting guidelines, clarify controversies, and promote adherence to preventive measures.
If I had...
Authors: F M Bennett
Journal: BMJ (1978)

reports on bronchodilator infusions which were given as initial therapy for acute asthma and for short periods only, where it would be a simple matter to change treatment for those who failed to respond.We cannot really contest his views on the ethical committee, which may apply criteria more stringent than elsewhere.The information presented in our paper suggested that a salbutamol infusion of 10 g/min is no more effective than the amino- phylline infusion, and Professor Grant may well be correct to state, as we inferred, that with adequate administration of nebulised bronchodilator drugs an intravenous infusion may not make a significant contribution to airway function.The analysis for significant differences in lung function between the two infusion groups included all the patients up to the time of withdrawal from the study if before 36 h.Dr Anderson assumes incorrectly that the data on those patients withdrawn before 36 h were not included in these analyses.The fact that of the six patients withdrawn from the salbutamol group before 36 h, two were responding faster than the group as a whole makes the response between the two groups less marked than Dr Anderson suggests.
Excessive beta-radiation exposure to the non-target segment: an intravascular ultrasound dosimetric analysis
Authors: Hideaki Kaneda, Yasuhiro Honda, Yoshihiro Morino, Atsushi Takagi, Ali H. Hassan, Tim Fox, Ian Crocker, Alexandra J. Lansky, Paul G. Yock, Raoul Bonan, Peter J. Fitzgerald
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
OBRA Regulations for Nursing Homes—Enhancing Paperwork or Patient Care?
Authors: Valery A. Portnoi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1994)

Letters1 November 1994OBRA Regulations for Nursing Homes—Enhancing Paperwork or Patient Care?Valery A. Portnoi, MDValery A. Portnoi, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-121-9-199411010-00024 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:In their commendable review [1], Ouslander and Osterweil describe extensive physician responsibilities but confess that the cost-effectiveness and efficiency of these practices for preventing morbidity and death in nursing homes have never been tested. Instead, the authors rely on guidelines of federal rules for nursing homes, particularly the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) of 1987 [2]. The authors do acknowledge that OBRA regulations will be difficult to implement in light of the negative “nature of the nursing home environment” and inadequate Medicare reimbursement for physician care.Medical practice cannot be neatly regulated by government, nor will extensive ...References1. Ouslander JG, Osterweil D. Physician evaluation and management of nursing home residents. Ann Intern Med. 1994; 120:584-92. Google Scholar2. Eson R, Pawlson LG. The impact of OBRA on medical practice within nursing facilities. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1992; 40:958-63. Google Scholar3. Gordon M, Chenng M, Wiesenthal S. An acute care unit in a multilevel geriatric facility: the first two years of the New Baycrest Hospital. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1990; 38:728-30. Google Scholar4. Brooks S, Warshaw G, Hasse L, Kues JR. The physician decision-making process in transferring nursing home patients to the hospital. Arch Intern Med. 1994; 154:902-4. Google Scholar5. Portnoi VA. A health-care system for the elderly. N Engl J Med. 1979:300:1387-90. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1994Volume 121, Issue 9Page: 724-725KeywordsElderlyGeriatricsHealth careHealth care facilitiesHospitalizationsNursing homesPatientsPneumoniaSepsis Issue Published: 1 November 1994 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1994 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Gas-powered jet injection compared with conventional methods of injection using lignocaine and technetium-99m.
Authors: E D Cooke, S A Bowcock, A Johnston, A T Elliott
Journal: BMJ (1980)

Plasma concentrations of lignocaine and the clearance rates of technetium-99m were compared in 10 healthy volunteers after injection with a gas-powered jet system and a needle and syringe. The dosage was highly accurate with jet injection. Bioavailability was comparable for both methods.
DISASTER-SCALE MEDICAL CARE PROBLEMS
Authors: John W. Raker
Journal: JAMA (1960)

At approximately 4:20 p. m. on April 2, 1957, a tornado struck the western portion of the city of Dallas, Texas. The storm coursed northward through several residential areas of varying population density and followed a path approximately 16 miles long. It was moving sufficiently slowly that a great number of the people of the city were able to watch its advance; it was visible for about 45 minutes. The progress of the tornado was unusually well documented by the use of mobile radio-broadcasting trucks, and numerous motion pictures and still pictures were made. These records have been circulated widely, and they have aroused great interest in this disaster. Because of the widespread feeling in Dallas that the medical care rendered to the casualties of this tornado was of an extremely high caliber, an invitation was issued to representatives of the Committee on Disaster Studies of the National Academy of
Critics attack new NHS breast screening leaflet for failing to address harms
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2010)

A new NHS leaflet on breast cancer screening is “a disgrace, and should be scrapped,” an international screening researcher has said. He is concerned that the information is unbalanced in favour of screening and that the major harms of screening—overdiagnosis and treatment—are not clearly explained.

Peter Gotzsche, director of the Nordic Cochrane Centre, Righospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark, said, “The leaflet is very unbalanced. It includes figures that overestimate the number of breast cancer deaths saved by screening and fails to give sufficient information on the harms to enable women invited for screening to give fully informed consent.”

Michael Baum, professor emeritus of surgery and director of clinical trials at University College London, UK, agreed. “The whole thing is self serving,” he said. “It aims to encourage women into screening by manipulating the data,” he alleged. “The agents of the state are behaving in an almost Stalinist fashion to coerce women into an activity that has marginal benefit.”

Hazel Thornton, visiting fellow in health sciences at the University of Leicester also thinks that the leaflet, which was published on 13 December, lacks balance. “It is not a balanced presentation of harms and benefits, and its layout, framing and language still emphasise benefits at the expenses of harms. It is not ‘neutral,’” she said.

In a statement, Juliette Patnick, director of the NHS Cancer Screening Programmes said, “The leaflet was produced independently from the NHS by a team led by Joan Austoker, a leading expert on informed choice [who has since died]. Her team used robust research and testing techniques. Published research on breast screening was reviewed …
The Art of Pimping
Authors: Frederick L. Brancati
Journal: JAMA (1989)

IT'S HARD work becoming a revered attending physician in a university hospital. The task daunts the newly appointed junior attending as he strides down the corridor of his first ward with his first team. Oh, he's made some changes in anticipation of his new position. He's wearing a long coat now, an all-cotton coat with razor-sharp creases and knit buttons. The stained, shrunken polyester white pants and tennis shoes have given way to gray, light wool slacks with a cuff and polished loafers. Framed certificates bear testimony to his intelligence and determination. He should be ready to take the helm of his ward team, but he's not. Something's missing, something important, something closer to art than to science. When physicians talk about the "art of medicine" they usually mean healing, or coping with uncertainty, or calculating their federal income taxes. But there's one art this new attending needs to learn
Demonising the alcohol industry doesn't lead to effective public health policy
Authors: S. Black
Journal: BMJ (2014)

I’m worried about the way the debate on alcohol pricing is being conducted. We seem to have adopted a Manichean worldview, where gallant public health scientists fight an industry that wields enormous power over government and cares not for the health of its customers. This attitude will not lead to good public health policies.

Gornall’s desire to rubbish any criticism of minimal pricing makes him confuse important political and moral …