tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pain and rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: F McKenna, V Wright
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1985)

Pain and rheumatoid arthritis SIR, Gibson and Clark' have indicated that rheuma- tologists may underestimate their patients' desire for pain relief.In their survey 47% of a random sample of patients with rheumatoid arthritis ranked pain relief as the most desirable objective of treatment.We also have been impressed by the knowledge that pain is the major symptom of our patients.We surveyed 250 patients and asked them to rank the importance of treatment related to the relief of four symptoms: pain, stiffness, joint swelling.and disability.The order in which the symptoms were presented to the patients was varied.One hundred and twenty two patients were suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, 53 from degenerative joint disease, and the remainder from a variety of other rheumatic diseases.66% of the rheumatoid patients and 75% of the patients with degenerative joint disease ranked pain as the most important symptom to be treated.Only 22% of rheuma- toid patients and 15% of patients with degenerative joint disease ranked disability as the most important symptom.Stiffness was ranked third by both groups, with 12% and 6% respectively.The patients with rheumatoid arthritis who considered disability to be all important were, in general, patients with end stage disease who had rheuma- toid deformities without active synovitis.One wonders therefore whether the relatively small proportion of patients in Gibson and Clark's survey who ranked pain relief important may have included a large proportion with end stage disease.Although the patients with degenerative joint disease considered similar priorities of treatment, they tended to have greater difficulty in differentiating the symptoms and appeared less dogmatic.The message however remains clear: the success of treatment in the rheumatic diseases needs to be assessed by the relief of the patients' most important symptom -pain.
Principles and Practice of Clinical Gynecology
Authors: Stanley H. Tischler
Journal: JAMA (1984)

The literature has been replete with the staid standard textbooks of gynecology. Here, indeed, is a book not only written about and in part by women, but also beautifully dedicated to two women—the authors' wives. Besides the usual chapters on anatomy, reproduction, endocrinology, and malignancy, there is one on "Women in Modern Society," with four parts— "Legal Issues in Gynecology and Obstetrics," "Femaleness," "Sexuality," and "Rape." "Legal Issues in Gynecology and Obstetrics," is by Angela Holder, associate clinical professor of pediatrics (law) and counsel for medicolegal affairs at Yale. Dr Holder sets the theme by stating that the overriding standard of care is simple respect for the patient's dignity and personhood. That ethical principle is the source of all the patient's legal rights. Dr Holder discusses abortion, prenatal diagnosis, amniocentesis, genetic counseling, abandonment, and advice to minors. Another chapter by Mary Swigar, Department of Psychiatry at Yale, discusses basic aspects
Early Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Adolescents
Authors: W. M. Gray
Journal: BMJ (1947)

MEDICAL JOURNAl'being helped by quadriceps exercises and radiant heat.Subsequent convalescence, though slow, was uneventful.Negative investigations included stool examinations, culture of urine and 24-hour specimen for the acid-fast bacillus, x rays of the affected joints and also of the chest.Leucocyte counts in the acute stage varied between six and nine thousand cells per c.mm. (P.: 70%; L.: 25%; M.: 3%; E.: 2%).Blood culture was sterile.The patient illustrates the salient features of the disease, including the liability to sudden serous joint effusions and the subacute but self-limited course.The duration of nearly four months coincides pretty well with the cases written up by Jackson and by Wrigley (ibid., p. 199).He also appears to have been helped by sulphathiazole as were their cases.It is one of the many annoying features about medicine in India that many special investigations are not available, including the gonococcal complement fixation test, but there was no clinical doubt that this was not a case of gonococcal arthritis but of the rarer Reiter's syndrome.-Iam.
A pseudoepidemic of Mycobacterium chelonae infection caused by contamination of a fibreoptic bronchoscope suction channel
Authors: HC Wang, YS Liaw, PC Yang, SH Kuo, KT Luh
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1995)

An unusual increase in the frequency of isolation of Mycobacterium chelonae subspecies chelonae from specimens of bronchial washings was found between September and December 1992 in National Taiwan University Hospital. During this period, a total of 123 patients underwent fibreoptic bronchoscopy with an Olympus P20. Seventy six patients had bronchial washing for bacteriological study and cytological examination. Acid-fast bacilli were found in 21 patients, in 18 of whom Mycobacterium chelonae were isolated from bronchial washing cultures. Eight patients were treated as mycobacterial infected, because of the presence of unexplained pulmonary lesion, positive acid-fast stain and culture for Mycobacterium chelonae. Diagnosis of lung cancer was delayed in one patient because of the initial negative cytological study and positive bacterial culture. The fibreoptic bronchoscope was disinfected by automated washing machine (EW-20, Olympus) using 2.3% glutaraldehyde according to a standard protocol. From a survey to search for possible sources of contamination, they were identified at the suction channel of four different bronchoscopes. This episode proved to be a pseudoepidemic. The contamination was controlled by extensive suction and rinsing of the channel with 70% alcohol immediately after disinfection by the automated bronchoscope disinfection machine. This study shows that, despite using the disinfection machine, the suction channel could still be contaminated with Mycobacterium chelonae. This may cause diagnostic confusion and unnecessary antimycobacterial treatment.
Mycobacterium paratuberculosis DNA in Crohn's disease tissue.
Authors: J D Sanderson, M T Moss, M L Tizard, J Hermon-Taylor
Journal: Gut (1992)

Crohn9s disease has long been suspected of having a mycobacterial cause. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is a known cause of chronic enteritis in animals, including primates, but may be very difficult to detect by culture. IS900 is a multicopy genomic DNA insertion element highly specific for M paratuberculosis. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on the 59 region of IS900 and capable of the specific detection of a single M paratuberculosis genome was developed. This was applied to DNA extracts of full thickness samples of intestine removed at surgery from 40 patients with Crohn9s disease, 23 patients with ulcerative colitis, and 40 control patients without inflammatory bowel disease. Stringent precautions were taken that excluded contamination artefact. M paratuberculosis was identified in 26 of 40 (65%) Crohn9s disease, in 1 of 23 (4.3%) ulcerative colitis, and in 5 of 40 (12.5%) control tissues. Positive samples from Crohn9s disease were from both the small intestine and colon, those from control tissues were from the colon those from control tissues were from the colon only. All PCR internal control reactions were negative. The presence of M paratuberculosis in a small proportion of apparently normal colonic samples is consistent with a previously unsuspected alimentary prevalence in humans. The presence in two thirds of Crohn9s disease tissues but in less than 5% of ulcerative colitis tissues is consistent with an aetiological role for M paratuberculosis in Crohn9s disease.
AMIDOPYRINE IN THE TREATMENT OF MEASLES
Authors: MAXWELL P. BOROVSKY
Journal: JAMA (1933)

In recent years, medical literature has included several reports on the specificity of amidopyrine (pyramidon) in the treatment of measles. Amidopyrine as a therapeutic agent in measles was first mentioned by Loewenthal<sup>1</sup>in 1924. In his report he stated that amidopyrine, when administered at or before the appearance of the rash, will cause (1) reduction of temperature to normal or nearly normal within twelve hours; (2) inhibition of eruption, at times completely, almost always partially; (3) immediate euphoria; (4) clearing up of conjunctivitis, coryza and cough within a day or two. On these studies Loewenthal concluded that "the drug acts as promptly in measles as quinine does in malaria, or the salicylates in rheumatic fever. A drug which checks the onward march of the symptoms, and particularly the development of the rash, surely has the right to be called a specific drug." Independent of Loewenthal's observations and discovery of
Time Behavior of Series Elasticity in Cardiac Muscle
Authors: ROBERT J. MCLAUGHLIN, EDMUND H. SONNENBLICK
Journal: Circulation Research (1974)

Controlled-length quick releases were applied to cat papillary muscle at various times during an isometric contraction to study the series elasticity of cardiac muscle relative to time. Force and length were measured continuously during the course of constant-velocity releases. Series elastic compliance was evaluated from semilogarithmic plots with force referred to plateau levels. The force-extension curve of the series elastic element (SE) was exponential; the compliance of the SE varied with force independently of time. Series elastic compliance relative to time was not altered by changes in initial muscle length. However, when series elastic compliance was measured by extrapolating tension to the end of the release, it appeared to be greater earlier in the twitch. This finding was misleading; it resulted from inadequate release velocities in relation to varying rates of tension redevelopment at different times in the twitch. Force-extension curves of the SE were nearly identical at different initial muscle lengths. Yet, conventional comparisons of series elastic compliance in terms of shortening of the SE between peak tension and preload showed wide variation with initial length, because different portions of the force-extension curve were measured. This problem was avoided by expressing series elastic compliance in terms of the exponential length change ( x e ) necessary to reduce force by the factor 1/ e = 0.368 anywhere on the force-extension curve. The average value of x e , in 23 determinations was 1.87 ± 0.26% of initial muscle length; this value is about 25% smaller than that reported previously. Because of the exponential shape of the force-extension curve of the SE, the possibility of substantial series elasticity in myofilament cross-bridges cannot be excluded. However, until convincing evidence is presented to the contrary, it is suggested that the series elasticity of cardiac muscle be regarded as a passive element as it is in the traditional Hill model.
Promotion of endometriosis in mice by polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls.
Authors: K L Johnson, A M Cummings, L S Birnbaum
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1997)

Previous studies showed exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) enhances the development of endometriotic lesions. In this study we examined the effects of other polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons on endometriotic proliferation. B6C3F1 female mice were treated via oral gavage a total of five times, with 3 weeks between each dosing, with 0, 1, 3, or 10 micrograms 2,3,7,8,-TCDD/kg body weight (bw); 3 or 30 mg 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 153)/kg bw; 100, 300, or 1000 micrograms 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126)/kg bw; 10, 30, or 100 micrograms 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (4-PeCDF)/kg bw; or 2 or 20 mg 1,3,6,8-TCDD/kg at 10 ml/kg bw. Endometriosis was surgically induced during the week of the second dosing. Three weeks following the final dose, the mice were euthanized and endometriotic lesions, whole body, liver, ovaries, uterine horn, and thymus were weighted, and lesion diameters were measured. Lesions, uterine horns, and ovaries were fixed for histopathology and livers were processed for measurement of ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity. Both 2,3,7,8-TCDD (1 and 3 micrograms/kg bw) and 4-PeCDF (100 micrograms/kg bw) significantly enhanced the growth of endometrial lesions. No statistically significant increase in endometriotic lesion size was detected in animals treated with either PCB 126 or with the highest dose of 2,3,7,8-TCDD, possibly due to the effects of histologically observed ovarian toxicity. The nondioxin-like compounds, PCB 153 and 1,3,6,8-TCDD, produced no observable effects on endometriosis. Hepatic EROD activity was significantly induced by 2,3,7,8-TCDD, 4-PeCDF, and PCB 126, but not by PCB 153 or 1,3,6,8-TCDD. The results of this study provide preliminary support for the hypothesis that halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon-promoted endometriosis may be Ah receptor mediated.
Outpatient endoscopic survey of smoking and peptic ulcer.
Authors: C C Ainley, I C Forgacs, P W Keeling, R P Thompson
Journal: Gut (1986)

A survey of the smoking habits of 1217 outpatients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was carried out over an 18 month period. Six hundred and twenty four were current smokers, 248 ex-smokers and 345 non-smokers. 11.9% of smokers had gastric ulcers, 7.7% of ex-smokers (p less than 0.025) and 4.6% of non-smokers (p less than 0.001). 2.8% of smokers had duodenal ulcers, 6.8% of ex-smokers (p less than 0.01) and 6.1% of non-smokers (p less than 0.001). There was a dose response effect between the number of cigarettes smoked and duodenal and gastric ulceration. Gastric cancer was also more frequent in smokers than non-smokers (p less than 0.01), but macroscopic oesophagitis less frequent (p less than 0.001). The results confirm the association between smoking and peptic ulcer.
Response of renal nerve activity to high NaCl food intake in dogs with chronic bile duct ligation
Authors: T Matsuda, H Morita, H Hosomi, M Okada
Journal: Hepatology (1996)

Hepatic sensory systems are thought to play an important role in the response of renal nerve activity and natriuresis to oral NaCl load. In this study, responses of renal nerve activity and urinary Na + and Cl − excretions to a high-NaCl food intake (20 g/kg boiled rice containing 0.4 g/kg NaCl) were examined in sham-operated dogs (n = 12) and dogs with chronic bile duct ligation (CBDL; n = 10). In sham-operated dogs, renal nerve activity gradually decreased and reached minimal value (50% ± 7% of the control value) at 100 minutes after the high-NaCl food intake and remained depressed until 4 hours after the food intake. Of the orally administered sodium and chloride, 27% ± 5% and 23% ± 6% were excreted over the following 4 hours, respectively. In CBDL dogs, the decrease in renal nerve activity induced by the high-NaCl food was completely abolished and only 4% ± 1% of the loaded Na+ and 3% ± 2% of the loaded Cl − were excreted. Furthermore, liver tissue norepinephrine concentration in CBDL dogs decreased to 21% of that of sham-operated dogs. These results suggest that (1) In CBDL dogs, the decrease in renal nerve activity induced by a high-NaCl food is completely abolished, probably because of the impairment of hepatic neural regulation. (2) The lack of renal nerve response may contribute, at least in part, to the abnormalities in body fluid homeostasis in cirrhosis.
Raji cell assay for immune complexes. Evidence for detection of Raji-directed immunoglobulin G antibody in sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Authors: C L Anderson, W S Stillman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

We asked whether binding of human immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody reacting with Raji cells could be distinguished from binding of IgG immune complexes. Using a standard Raji assay employing 125I-IgG goat anti-human Fc gamma, we found that digestion of Raji cells with pronase reduced by 95% their ability to bind complement-fixed aggregated human gamma globulin and complement-fixed tetanus toxoid-antitetanus toxin complexes. However, binding at 37 degrees C of IgG from the sera of 16 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to pronase-digested Raji cells was reduced much less consistently and extensively (9-100% reduction; mean reduction of 51%). In more detailed studies of two SLE sera, sucrose density gradient centrifugation showed that greater than 50% of the IgG binding to undigested Raji cells sedimented in the 7S region. Pepsin digestion of immunoglobulin fractions from four SLE sera caused a reduction in SLE IgG binding to undigested Raji cells when detected with 125I anti-Fc gamma, but an increase when binding was detected with 125I-anti-Fab, suggesting that substantial SLE IgG can bind through F(ab')2 regions. Binding of IgG from SLE sera was not directed at neoantigenic sites induced by pronase digestion because binding activity was adsorbed with undigested cells as readily as with digested cells. Moreover, sera from 10 SLE patients that had negative Raji assays contained no IgG that bound to pronase-digested Raji cells. We conclude that much of the IgG bound at 37 degrees C to Raji cells from the sera of many patients with SLE does not represent immune complexes but is probably antibody directed toward sites on the Raji cell.
A tale of two settings: the role of the Beijing genotype in the epidemiology of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Helen R. Stagg, Ted Cohen, Mercedes C. Becerra, Laura F. Anderson, Ibrahim Abubakar
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2013)

To the Editor: 

Described as a “template for success” by Hanekom et al. [1] the Beijing genotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been associated with hypervirulence, drug resistance, evasion of the bacille Calmette–Guerin (BCG) vaccine and differential immunoregulation [1]. The genotype is itself diverse; accordingly the fact that specific traits have been associated with Beijing only in certain settings may be explained by the variation in the subtypes that predominate in each.

We sought to explore the role that the Beijing genotype plays in the epidemiology of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) in two very different epidemiological settings: England and Peru. In the UK nearly three quarters of TB disease occurs amongst migrants, which may result from latent M. tuberculosis infections acquired from high-burden countries of origin. Thus the distribution of lineages in the UK reflects a composite of the circulating strains in other nations. Whilst increasing levels of MDR-TB in the UK have triggered understandable concern, only a small fraction of cases of TB are MDR (in 2011 this was 1.0%) [2]. In contrast, the Peruvian TB epidemic is relatively “home-grown” and the prevalence of drug resistance is greater (in 2011 5.3% were MDR-TB) [2]. Our objectives were thus: 1) identify any association between the Beijing genotype and MDR in these two settings, and 2) to examine if trends in Beijing might explain changes in the prevalence of MDR-TB over time.

Four datasets were used during this study: two English studies and two Peruvian studies.

The English datasets were taken from Public Health England's Enhanced Tuberculosis Surveillance System and Mycobacterial Surveillance Network and were referred to as England 1 and England 2. England 1 consisted of 8 859 individuals diagnosed and 24-loci MIRU-VNTR (mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units variable number tandem repeats) strain-typed …
Primary Hepatoma and Hepatitis-associated Antigen in a Young White Woman
Authors: E. C. Campion, J. Ludbrook, G. M. McLeod, V. R. Marshall, T. Mukheriee, A. G. Wangel
Journal: BMJ (1972)

A young woman whose serum was positive for hepatitis-associated antigen (H.A.A.) and alpha-fetoprotein developed a malignant hepatoma. Though the light-microscopical appearances of the surrounding liver tissue were normal, electronmicroscope examination of the tumour tissue disclosed both C-virus-like particles and H.A.A. particles. Possibly there was a causal connexion between one of these particles and the hepatoma.
Abstract 3394: In-depth gene expression profiling of seminomatous testicular germ cell tumors
Authors: Sunali Patel, Shirley Chu, Lovorka Degoricija, Kathy Y. Lee, Ad J.M Gillis, Martin Rijlaarsdam, Lambert C.J Dorssers, Leendert H.J Looijenga
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract In depth Whole Transcriptome Analysis by RNA-Seq was used to compare the expression profile of testicular germ cell tumors with the histology of seminoma and normal testis. From this analysis we identified a large number of genes that showed differential expression with statistically high significance, (p&amp;lt;0.01, &amp;gt;2X FC). The list included genes related to stem cell pleuripotency (NANOG, POU5F1), proliferation (KRAS, CCND2), a number of non-coding RNAs (snoRNAs, miRNA precursors, XIST), and testicular cancer related genes (LDHB, AKAP4). From this list we identified a subset of genes for validation and further screening. We used the OpenArray® RT-qPCR platform to quantitatively screen up to 224 coding and non-coding genes using samples from different testicular germ cell tumors (seminoma and non-seminoma) and normal tissue. Results from these screening experiments will be presented. For research use only. Not for diagnostic procedures. Citation Format: Sunali Patel, Shirley Chu, Lovorka Degoricija, Kathy Y. Lee, Ad J.M Gillis, Martin Rijlaarsdam, Lambert C.J Dorssers, Leendert H.J Looijenga. In-depth gene expression profiling of seminomatous testicular germ cell tumors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3394. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3394
The Tumour-like Forms of Aspergillosis of the Lung (Pulmonary Aspergilloma): A Report of Five New Cases and a Review of the Portuguese Literature
Authors: T. G. Villar, J. C. Pimentel, M. F. E Costa
Journal: Thorax (1962)

The increasing number of cases of pulmonary aspergilloma makes this more frequently encoun- tered in daily practice, and it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with haemoptysis, pulmonary suppuration, and unex- plained radiological shadowing.Although about 180 cases have already been reported in the world's medical literature, some points remain on February 28, 2024 by guest.