tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
THE RADICULAR SYNDROME
Authors: JOHANNES M. NIELSEN
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Entire systems of commercialized pseudosciences have been constructed around the radicular syndrome. This is due to two main factors: (1) the tendency of the regular practitioner to consider mild cases functional and treat severe ones as neuritis or lumbago, and (2) the ease with which the pain is frequently relieved temporarily at least by treatment which trained technicians can give and which it is considered beneath the dignity of the physician to administer personally. This syndrome arises from any interference with the spinal nerve roots, i. e., that portion between the spinal cord and the fusion of the roots to form peripheral nerves. The roots are within the spinal canal and largely within the dura. They are bathed in cerebrospinal fluid and are consequently influenced by changes in spinal fluid pressure as well as by meningeal disease. As the roots merge they pass through the intervertebral foramina. Detailed description is
Autophagy collaborates with ubiquitination to downregulate oncoprotein E2A/Pbx1 in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: N Yuan, L Song, W Lin, Y Cao, F Xu, S Liu, A Zhang, Z Wang, X Li, Y Fang, H Zhang, W Zhao, S Hu, J Wang, S Zhang
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2015)

B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) accounts for the most cancer incidences in children. We present here that autophagy is downregulated in pediatric B-ALL, suggesting a possible link between autophagy failure and pediatric B-ALL leukemogenesis. With a pediatric t(1;19) B-ALL xenograft mouse model, we show here that activation of autophagy by preventive administration of rapamycin improved the survival of leukemia animals by partial restoration of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, whereas treatment of the animals with rapamycin caused leukemia bone marrow cell-cycle arrest. Activation of autophagy in vitro or in vivo by rapamycin or starvation downregulated oncogenic fusion protein E2A/Pbx1. Furthermore, E2A/Pbx1 was found to be colocalized with autophagy marker LC3 in autolysosomes and with ubiquitin in response to autophagy stimuli, whereas autophagy or ubiquitination inhibitor blocked these colocalizations. Together, our data suggest a collaborative action between autophagy and ubiquitination in the degradation of E2A/Pbx1, thereby revealing a novel strategy for targeted preventive or treatment therapy on the pediatric ALL.
Poverty, corruption, and armed conflict hinder Afghans' access to health care, says UN
Authors: J. Zarocostas
Journal: BMJ (2010)

An estimated nine million Afghans, about 36% of the population, are living in absolute poverty, and the situation is exacerbated daily by widespread corruption and insecurity because of the armed conflict, a United Nations report says. The problems are impeding efforts to meet basic needs and to provide services, including access to health care, it adds.

The study, published by the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, says that despite the injection of about $35bn (£23bn; €26bn) in international aid by donors since 2002, key indicators of development show that a reduction in the level of poverty has had little effect …
Ratan Lal Agrawal
Authors: R. Kobrak, V. Worley, G. Worley
Journal: BMJ (2010)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The SARS-CoV-2 virus has infected more than one million people worldwide to date. Knowing its genome and gene expressions is essential to understand the virus’ mechanism. Here, we propose a computational tool CovProfile to detect the viral genomic variations as well as viral gene expressions from the sequences obtained from Nanopore devices. We applied CovProfile to 11 samples, each from a terminally ill patient, and discovered that all the patients are infected by multiple viral strains, which might affect the reliability of phylogenetic analysis. Moreover, the expression of viral genes ORF1ab gene, S gene, M gene, and N gene are high among most of the samples. While performing the tests, we noticed a consistent abundance of transcript segments of MUC5B, presumably from the host, across all the samples.
Idiopathic trachyonychia (twenty-nail dystrophy): a pathological study of 23 patients
Authors: A. TOSTI, F. BARDAZZI, B.M. PIRACCINI, P.A. FANTI
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1994)

We report the clinical features and pathological findings in 23 patients with idiopathic trachyonychia (twenty-nail dystrophy). Clinically, the nail changes in the majority of patients consisted of the typical 'sandpapered' appearance, with a rough, lustreless nail plate. In some, however, the nail plate abnormality was less severe, with numerous small, superficial pits, which imparted a shiny appearance to the surface of the nail. Histology of nail biopsy specimens showed spongiotic changes in 19 patients, psoriasiform features in three, and features of lichen planus in one patient. The mean follow-up of these patients was 2 years, during which time none developed alopecia areata or mucocutaneous lesions. Idiopathic trachyonychia is therefore a consequence of several inflammatory disorders, which produce a disturbance of nail matrix kinetics. The course of the inflammation and the extent of the inflammatory process within the nail matrix produce two different patterns of nail plate surface abnormalities.
Failure of Ciprofloxacin to Eradicate Convalescent Fecal Excretion after Acute Salmonellosis: Experience during an Outbreak in Health Care Workers
Authors: Marguerite A. Neill, Steven M. Opal, Judith Heelan, Ruthann Giusti, Jane Ellen Cassidy, Robert White, Kenneth H. Mayer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1991)

Objective: To determine the efficacy of ciprofloxacin therapy in eradicating convalescent fecal excretion of salmonellae after acute salmonellosis. Design: Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of ciprofloxacin, with prospective follow-up of nonparticipants. Setting: An acute care community hospital experiencing an outbreak of salmonellosis. Patients: Twenty-eight health care workers developed acute infection with Salmonella Java; 15 participated in a placebo-controlled trial of ciprofloxacin, beginning on day 9 after infection. Interventions: Eight patients were randomly assigned to receive ciprofloxacin, 750 mg, and 7 patients to receive placebo; both were administered orally twice daily for 14 days. Nonparticipants who received therapy were placed on the same ciprofloxacin regimen. Measurements and Main Results: Study participants had follow-up stool cultures every 3 days initially and then weekly for 3 weeks; nonparticipants were followed until three consecutive cultures were negative. All eight ciprofloxacin recipients showed eradication of S. Java from stool cultures within 7 days of beginning therapy (compared with 1 of 7 placebo recipients), and their stool cultures remained negative up to 14 days after discontinuing therapy (P < 0.01). However, 4 of 8 relapsed; their stool cultures became positive between 14 and 21 days after therapy. In addition, 3 of 3 hospitalized patients treated with ciprofloxacin who did not participate in the controlled trial also relapsed. Thus, the total relapse rate was 7 of 11 (64%; 95% CI, 31% to 89%). In 4 of these 7 patients, relapse was associated with a longer duration of fecal excretion of salmonellae than that of the placebo group. Relapse could not be explained on the basis of noncompliance, development of resistance, or presence of biliary disease. Conclusions: Despite its excellent antimicrobial activity against salmonellae and its favorable pharmacokinetic profile, ciprofloxacin at a dosage of 750 mg orally twice daily had an unacceptably high failure rate in patients with acute salmonellosis and may have prolonged fecal excretion of salmonellae. The late occurrence of relapses indicates the need to obtain stool cultures up to 21 days after therapy to document fecal eradication in acute salmonellosis.
Segregation analysis in X-linked ichthyosis: paternal transmission of the affected X-chromosome
Authors: J. Toral-Lopez, L.M. González-Huerta, S.A. Cuevas-Covarrubias
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2008)

Steroid sulphatase (STS) deficiency has been described in a diversity of ethnic populations. The phenotype of STS deficiency, X-linked ichthyosis (XLI), is a genodermatosis characterized by dark scaly skin. About 90% of patients with XLI have complete deletion of the entire STS gene and flanking sequences. The variable number tandem repeats, on either side of the STS gene, appear to play an important role in these interstitial deletions due to nonallelic homologous recombination (NAHR). It is difficult to establish if this NAHR occurs between two chromosomes, between sister chromatids or between the same chromatid.To identify the parental origin of the affected X-chromosome in seven unrelated sporadic cases of XLI.Amplification of the regions from DXS89 to DXS1134 (telomeric-centromeric) including the 5' and 3' ends of the STS gene was performed through polymerase chain reaction. GeneScan analysis was performed using the DXS987, DXS8051 and DXS1060 markers located on the short arm of the X-chromosome. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis was performed with a digoxigenin-labelled cDNA STS probe.STS gene deletion in patients with XLI involved the sequences DXS1139 and DXF22S1. In five families segregation analysis showed paternal transmission of the affected X-chromosome in the XLI carrier. It was not possible to determine the parental origin of the affected X-chromosome in two families.These data strongly suggest that STS gene deletion occurred in the male meiosis probably due to an intrachromosomal event, recombination between S232 sequences on the same DNA molecule, or during the process of DNA replication.
Clinical and serological features of severe vasculitis in rheumatoid arthritis: prognostic implications.
Authors: A J Geirsson, G Sturfelt, L Truedsson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (1987)

Sixteen patients with classic rheumatoid arthritis (RA) complicated by severe vasculitis were studied and compared with a matched control group of 16 RA patients without vasculitis. Seven of the patients with vasculitis died within 4 to 120 months (median 32 months) after developing vasculitic symptoms. Gangrene of digits and extremities, bowel ulcers or bowel perforation, or both, and cardiac involvement were more common among the patients who died than among those with a more favourable course. The present data suggest that large vessel vasculitis in RA is associated with high frequency of arteriosclerotic vascular disease. The serum concentrations of complement components C3 and C4 were lower, and concentrations of IgM rheumatoid factor, complement activating rheumatoid factor, and C1q binding immune complexes (C1q solid and C1q fluid phase assay) were significantly higher among vasculitic patients than in the control group. Laboratory data provided little prognostic information with regard to rheumatoid vasculitis, with the exception that IgM and IgG rheumatoid factors were significantly higher among patients with fatal course of disease than in those who achieved remission.
Anatomy of Postural Slouch
Authors: W. C. Ellerbroek
Journal: JAMA (1965)

To the Editor:—  A question in the Feb 1 issue ofThe Journal( 191 : 426) relative to the poor posture and round shoulders of a 14-year-old girl, 5 feet 9 inches, and 185 lb, well-handled by the consultant in regard to organic disease, attracted my interest. Any 14-year-old girl who is 5 ft 9 inches should be expected to slump quite markedly for two reasons: first, to decrease the amount by which she overwhelms her classmates (deliberate), and second, a depressive reaction is often associated with marked rounding of the shoulders. A third factor to consider is the possibility that either breast weight or her attitudes toward breast development might aggravate the situation, eg, simple gravity or the desire to obscure some of her mammary development.  Certainly, therapy should start with a proper brassiere, and for those unable to afford the constant attendance of a competent physical therapist, there are
SUGGESTIONS ABOUT ABDOMINAL AND PELVIC SURGERY.Read in the Section of Obstetrics and Diseases of Women at the Forty-second Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held at Washington, D. C., May, 1891.
Authors: WM. H. WATHEN
Journal: JAMA (1891)

The recent contributions upon abdominal and pelvic surgery are probably more numerous and practical than upon any other department of general or special surgery; still, there is a variety of opinion as to the best methods of treating pathological conditions within the peritoneum, or as to the immediate or permanent results of the many procedures that have been practiced. This is especially true of pelvic surgery, where we find, in the practice of the most experienced and successful operators, accidents during the operation and complications following it, for the prevention of which, there is no united opinion as to the correct technique to adopt; nor is it always possible to explain why troublesome complications occur in one case, and do not occur in another apparently similar case. Careful observation and experience may finally teach us much wisdom in these matters, and I will ask your kind indulgence while I briefly
Induction of apoptosis in rat hepatocarcinoma cells by expression of IGF-I antisense c-DNA
Authors: Sophie Ellouk-Achard, Sepideh Djenabi, Gilberto Antonio De Oliveira, Geneviève Desauty, Huynh Thien Duc, Mishal Zohair, Jerzy Trojan, Jean Roger Claude, Alain Sarasin, Christiane Lafarge-Frayssinet
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (1998)
Up-regulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in tubulointerstitial lesions of human diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Takashi Wada, Kengo Furuichi, Norihiko Sakai, Yasunori Iwata, Keiichi Yoshimoto, Miho Shimizu, Shin-Ichi Takeda, Kazuya Takasawa, Mitsuhiro Yoshimura, Hiroshi Kida, Ken-Ichi Kobayashi, Naofumi Mukaida, Takero Naito, Kouji Matsushima, Hitoshi Yokoyama
Journal: Kidney International (2000)
Diabetic Gastric Atony: A Clinical Study
Authors: Richard L. Wooten
Journal: JAMA (1961)

Neurogenic delay in gastric emptying should be suspected in a patient with diabetes mellitus who manifests worsening of diabetic control, unexplained weight loss, vague abdominal complaints, and evidence of diabetic neuropathy elsewhere. In 9 cases here presented gastric atony was proved radiographically and the findings were comparable to those of a vagotomized patient. Since no other cause for the atonic stomach was found except diabetes mellitus, a neuropathy of the vagus nerve was assumed. Treatment with vitamins and parasympathomimetic drugs was unsuccessful. Gastric surgery (pyloroplasty, subtotal gastric resection) in 2 patients was without benefit. Frequent feedings and attempt at good diabetic control with long-acting insulin seemed more rewarding.
CHAIRMAN'S ADDRESS—A REVIEW OF ULCERATIVE ENDOCARDITIS.Read before the Section of Practice of Medicine at the Forty-fourth Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, held in Milwaukee, Wis., June, 1893.
Authors: CHARLES G. STOCKTON
Journal: JAMA (1893)

Gentlemen :—To begin with, let me thank you for the very great honor that you have done me in electing me your chairman, and also for the ready assent that many of you have given to read papers and to take part in the discussions at this meeting. Your estimable secretary, Dr. Webster, and your chairman have done their best to provide a program that should be of interest to the Section and a profit to the profession, and it is to be hoped that before the conclusion of the session the members will congratulate each other upon the good work that has been accomplished.  In turning to the matter of the address which the chairman, by the requirement of our by-laws, must read before the Section, it has seemed to me better to select a single topic that is likely to be of general interest, rather than to make the
P5-14-09: Malignant Calcification Is an Important Prognostic Factor in Women with Invasive Breast Cancer – Suggestion for Regarding It as High-Risk Factor in Current Staging and Adjuvant Treatment Guidelines.
Authors: H Ling, Z-M Shao, Z-B Liu, X-L Xu, W-T Yang, L-H Xu, Y-J Gu
Journal: Cancer Research (2011)

Abstract Purpose: To investigate whether calcification is a prognostic factor for breast cancer. Methods: A total of 804 patients with invasive breast cancer diagnosed between 2001 and 2003 were recruited and divided into two groups based on whether they had malignant calcification on mammogram. The association of calcification with lymph node status, grade, tumor size, ER, PR and Her2 status, 8-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was evaluated. Survival difference was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier technique. The relative importance of each of the potentially prognostic variables was tested using Cox regression analysis. Results: The incidence of malignant calcification in all breast cancer was 41.5%. Compared with tumor without calcification, those with calcification had a larger size (2.6cm vs 2.1cm, P=0.000), higher axillary lymph node (LN) positive rate (40.1% vs 31.5%, P=0.012), more LN involvement (14.8% vs 9.2%, P=0.000), lower ER (54.3% vs 65.1%, P=0.002) and PR (42.7% vs 60.6%, P=0.000) expression and higher Her2 expression (27.3% vs 14.7%, P=0.000). The 8-year DFS was lower for patients with calcification than those without (89.9% vs. 76.8%, P=0.000). The 8-year OS for tumor with calcification was 82.2%, compared with 92.8% for those without (P=0.000). Subgroup analysis showed that the shorter survival and higher relapse rate for tumors with calcification could be found in both LN- and LN+ patients, also could be found in T1, T2, Grade II, ER+, PR+ and Her2- patients. The existence of calcification, LN stage, tumor size, ER status, and grade were significantly associated with survival in univariate analysis. Further Cox regression analysis demonstrated that calcification and LN stage maintained their prognostic significance in both DFS and OS. The hazard ratios of these factors are listed in Table 1. Conclusions: The existence of calcification is a poor prognostic factor for patients with invasive breast cancer. Its prognostic value is only second to LN status and is higher than the other factors evaluated, including tumor size, grade, and ER, PR status. Thus, breast cancer with calcification should be regarded as a high-risk factor when determining cancer stage and selecting the adjuvant treatment. Discussion: Given the strong prognostic value of calcification revealed in this research, the biological mechanism of its formation and related cell signal pathway should be investigated. Further adjuvant clinical trial should be done to select certain sensitive chemotherapeutic agent or regimen. Some biomarkers have been found to have a role in the formation of calcification and may be targets for treatment. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-14-09.
Overexpression of Class III β-Tubulin Predicts Good Response to Taxane-Based Chemotherapy in Ovarian Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Daisuke Aoki, Yoshinao Oda, Satoshi Hattori, Ken-ichi Taguchi, Yoshihiro Ohishi, Yuji Basaki, Shinji Oie, Nao Suzuki, Suminori Kono, Masazumi Tsuneyoshi, Mayumi Ono, Takashi Yanagawa, Michihiko Kuwano
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2009)

Abstract Purpose: Of the various microtubule-associated molecules, β-tubulin III has been reported to be closely associated with the therapeutic efficacy of taxane-based chemotherapy against ovarian cancer. Stathmin and microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4) have been reported to play an important role in microtubule stabilization. In this study, we investigated whether expression of these microtubule-associated factors affects the therapeutic efficacy of taxane-based chemotherapy in ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma. Experimental Design: Drug sensitivity of paclitaxel or cisplatin was assessed in ovarian cancer cell lines treated with small interfering RNA of tubulin isoforms, MAP4, and stathmin. We examined 94 surgically resected ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma specimens from patients treated with taxane-containing regimens (n = 44) and with taxane-free regimens (n = 50), using immunohistochemistry to detect expression of β-tubulin III, stathmin, and MAP4. Results: Knockdown of β-tubulin III and IV specifically conferred drug resistance to paclitaxel in one ovarian cancer cell line, but not to other molecules. Estimated overall survival revealed a significant synergistic effect between taxane and β-tubulin III in patients with ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma. Of three microtubule-related molecules, among the taxane-based chemotherapy group, cases with higher β-tubulin III expression were associated with a significantly more favorable prognosis compared with those having lower β-tubulin III expression. By contrast, there was no statistical significance in the synergistic relationships between stathmin and taxane or between MAP4 and taxane. Conclusions: Taxane-based chemotherapy was effective for patients with ovarian clear cell adenocarcinomas who were positive for β-tubulin III but not for those who were negative for these proteins.
The ‘follicular trochanter’: an epithelial compartment of the human hair follicle bulge region in need of further characterization
Authors: S. Tiede, J.E. Kloepper, D.A. Whiting, R. Paus
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2007)

Recent articles on hair follicle stem cells have summarized the current state of knowledge of what has been termed the hair follicle 'bulge'. During the course of immunohistological studies aimed at characterizing the expression of selected extracellular matrix proteins in the - as yet insufficiently characterized - niche of human bulge hair follicle stem cells, we have recently come across a largely forgotten, peculiar epithelial protrusion of the outer root sheath, which was visible in only a minority of all examined hair follicles. The morphology and immunoreactivity patterns of this structure, the 'follicular trochanter', are described herein.