tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Thymus Fragment Transplantation in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Authors: Niculae Ciobanu, Elisabeth Paietta, Mitchell Karten, Sylvia Ramos, Peter H. Wiernik, Paul Naylor
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Letters and Corrections1 September 1985Thymus Fragment Transplantation in the Acquired Immunodeficiency SyndromeNICULAE CIOBANU, M.D., ELISABETH PAIETTA, Ph.D., MITCHELL KARTEN, M.D., SYLVIA RAMOS, M.D., PETER H. WIERNIK, M.D., PAUL NAYLOR, M.D.NICULAE CIOBANU, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, ELISABETH PAIETTA, Ph.D.Search for more papers by this author, MITCHELL KARTEN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, SYLVIA RAMOS, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, PETER H. WIERNIK, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, PAUL NAYLOR, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-3-479_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Recently, a Canadian group reported beneficial effects of thymic epithelium transplantation on the immune status of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (1). We present here our results with transplantation of cultured thymus fragments in two patients with the syndrome and Kaposi's sarcoma.Cultured thymus fragments were prepared according to Hong's method (2), by culturing thymic material (5 g each time) from two infants for 16 days on Gelfoam (absorbable gelatin sponge; Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, Michigan), at the air/fluid interface. Fragments were either implanted in the forearm or thigh.Patient 1:A 36-year-old, black, promiscuous homosexual man...References1. DUPUYPEKOVICGOLDMAN JDH. Thymus transplantation in AIDS and recurrence of HTLV-III infection. In: Official Program of the International Conference on Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Atlanta, Georgia: Centers for Disease Control and World Health Organization; 1985:41. Google Scholar2. HONGSHULTE-WISSERMANNJARRETT-TOTHHOROWITZMANNING RHESD. Transplantation of cultured thymic fragments: II. Results in nude mice. J Exp Med. 1979;149:398-415. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. MCCLURELEMERISWARAGOLDSTEIN JNDA. Immunochemical studies on thymosin: radioimmunoassay of thymosin alpha-1. J Immunol. 1982;128:368-75. MedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByAcquired immunodeficienciesHIV in Lymph Node and ThymusTherapy of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections 1 September 1985Volume 103, Issue 3Page: 479-479KeywordsAIDSEpitheliumHomosexualsInfantsKaposi sarcomaThymusTransplantation Issue Published: 1 September 1985 PDF DownloadLoading ...
Transplacental stimulation of lung development in the fetal rabbit by 3,5-dimethyl-3'-isopropyl-L-thyronine.
Authors: P L Ballard, B J Benson, A Brehier, J P Carter, B M Kriz, E C Jorgensen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1980)

The effect of thyroid hormone on maturation of fetal rabbit lung was studied with maternal treatment using 3,5-dimethyl-3'-isopropyl-L-thyronine (DIMIT), a synthetic analogue of triiodothyronine. To investigate the in vivo kinetics and distribution of DIMIT, we prepared [3H]DIMIT and injected both pregnant rats (18-21 d gestation) and rabbits (25 d gestation). In the rat, maximal concentrations of radioactivity in maternal plasma, fetal plasma, and amniotic fluid occurred within 10 min, 1-2 h, and 4-6 h, respectively, after intramuscular injection. After 7 h the concentration of radioactivity in fetal plasma was 163 and 71% of the maternal level in rats and rabbits, respectively, indicating that DIMIT readily crosses the placenta. We treated pregnant rabbits for 1-2 d with DIMIT in doses of 0.5-3 mg/kg per d and examined the fetuses at 26 and 27 d gestation. Treatment did not affect fetal growth or viability. In fetal liver, DIMIT increased the activity of NADPH cytochromeac reductase by 64% and decreased the glycogen content by 73% compared to controls. The rate of choline incorporation by lung minces increased in dose-dependent manner to a maximum of +104% at 3 mg/kg DIMIT; this does stimulated by 38% the activity of lung phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAPase), a corticosteroid-responsive enzyme, but there was no increase in tissue PAPase activity at most lower doses of DIMIT that enhanced choline incorporation. Treated lungs had 38% less glycogen tha controls, but there was no effect on tissue levels of DNA, protein, or phospholipid. DIMIT treatment increased the amount of total phospholipid (+163%). saturated phosphatidylcholine (+330%), and PAPase activity (+134%) in lung lavage fluid. The DIMIT effects on both choline incorporation by lung minces and phospholipid content of lavage fluid were substantially greater than what had occurred with an optimal dose of betamethasone. DIMIT also increased corticosteroid binding capacity in fetal plasma and produced a dose-dependent increase (maximal threefold) in total and free corticoids of both maternal and fetal plasma. It is estimated that elevated endogenous corticoids probably account for less than one-third of the increases in phospholipid synthesis and secretion observed at the higher doses of DIMIT. These data indicate that administration of DIMIT to pregnant rabbits accelertes maturation of the surfactant system in fetal lung. The magnitude of the effects on phospholipid synthesis and secretion, along with the minimal effect of PAPase activity in fetal lung tissue, suggest that thyroid hormones affect different biochemical processes from those influenced by glucocorticoids.
The Essentials of Forensic Medicine
Authors: Milton G. Bohrod
Journal: JAMA (1986)

Polson's book has been a popular one-volume work since 1960, and each addition of a coauthor has increased its scope. Knight, the latest, is a member of the General Medical Council and lends authority to the legal aspects, what we used to call "medical jurisprudence" and what in my time was the only aspect of forensic medicine taught in medical schools. Unfortunately, the legal points discussed do not always apply to US practice; perhaps a companion section by an American is indicated, although the job would be made difficult by the existence of 50 sets of rules. The language of the book is clear and precise, enlivened by light touches here and there, and illuminated by many case histories, including historical cases dating back to the mid—19th century. Exceptionally noteworthy sections include "Elementary Knowledge of Ballistics and Firearms." Not everyone is brought up with guns as inseparable companions. "Scene of
We should look at complaints again
Authors: G. Neale
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Twenty years ago I was called to the casualty department to see an unconscious 38 year old man with a rigid abdomen. He was scarcely breathing. His blood pressure was unrecordable. After several hours' resuscitation the duty surgeon opened the abdomen and repaired a perforation. The patient survived but was left with irreversible neurological damage. During the 24 hours before admission he had been seen on two occasions by different doctors working for the emergency service. One diagnosed dyspepsia; the other constipation. Both doctors administered opiates and the patient was left in the care of his wife who finally dialled 999. The man was self employed and his wife and five children were left in straitened circumstances. A year later his wife asked if I would provide a statement for her solicitors as she wished to make a claim. After a further three years the case went to the High Court. I expected to be asked to describe quite simply my findings and to be questioned on the dangers of giving opiates to a patient with an …
Serum Nonesterified Fatty Acids Are Related With Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque in Nonobese Nonhypertensive Japanese Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Ataru Taniguchi, Masahiko Sakai, Satoshi Teramura, Mitsuo Fukushima, Kenichi Hama, Keiichi Marumoto, Naofumi Nezumi, Takahiro Yoshida, Syoichiro Nagasaka, Ryuji Hayashi, Kumpei Tokuyama, Yoshikatsu Nakai
Journal: Diabetes Care (2001)

The occurrence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and other manifestations of atherosclerotic vascular disease are substantially increased in patients with type 2 diabetes. Mortality from CHD and the incidence of nonfatal CHD events are two to four times higher in patients with type 2 diabetes than in age-matched nondiabetic subjects (1,2). It has been demonstrated that lipoprotein lipase (LPL), a secretory product of macrophage in the arterial wall, contributes to the development and progression of atherosclerosis (3). Michaud et al. (4) recently demonstrated that fatty acids enhance LPL production in human macrophages. Type 2 diabetic patients frequently have higher serum nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) (5). From these reports, it may be suggested that fatty acids participate in the development and progression of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients. To the best of our knowledge, however, the relationship between serum fatty acids and the degree of atherosclerosis has not been fully clarified in type 2 diabetic patients.

Plasma glucose level per se seems to enhance LPL production in human macrophage (6). Moreover, it is well recognized that obesity and/or hypertension per se causes atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients. We therefore recruited nonobese nonhypertensive well-controlled unique type 2 diabetic patients after taking into account these confounding risk factors. The degree of atherosclerosis can be evaluated by high-resolution B-mode ultrasound scan. This is a reliable noninvasive method for the assessment of carotid atherosclerosis (7). Carotid atherosclerosis is important in view of its relation to cerebrovascular ischemic diseases and coronary atherosclerosis (8).

A total of 54 nonobese nonhypertensive Japanese type 2 diabetic patients who visited Kansai-Denryoku Hospital were enrolled in the study. Type 2 diabetes and hypertension were diagnosed based on the criteria of World Health Organization (9,10). The patients were treated with diet alone (27 patients) or …
Roles for epidemiology: the impact of environmental chemicals.
Authors: R Neutra
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (1983)

Aside from the well-recognized role of documenting the extent of any health impact from exposure to environmental chemicals, epidemiology has other potential roles. Arguing by analogy from the function of epidemiology in the infectious disease field, two practical public health functions are mentioned. The first is rumor abatement: simply characterizing the population exposed and documenting the frequency of salient complaints and providing this to the affected population, so as to separate fact from fiction. Another practical public health function is to review available data bases to document the number of individuals exposed to such chemicals and a review of gross trends by place and time to set public fears in proper perspective. There are important descriptive scientific functions as well, namely, to document any syndromes or symptom patterns which may be associated with chemical exposures and to document the natural history and progression of clinical and preclinical conditions associated with chemical exposures. The sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of tests for preclinical disease are discussed.
CONSTITUTIONAL ILL-EQUIPMENT OF THE PATIENT AS A FACTOR IN DETERMINING THE PERFORMANCE OF THE PRIMARY CESAREAN SECTION.
Authors: EDWARD REYNOLDS
Journal: JAMA (1907)

The choice between hard high forceps or version, on the one hand, and the Cesarean section, on the other, is curiously ill-stated in the current literature of the day, and to one familiar with the literature only, the positions taken by different authors, and even by the same authors when writing on different points, would seem at times to be flatly contradictory. Thus, the common sense of the greater number of leading obstetricians has led them to take repeatedly and distinctly the position that Cesarean section as an operation of choice is preferable to hard high forceps or version; yet few Anglo-Saxon obstetricians would condemn the mother to any considerable increase of mortality for the sake of an improvement in the chances for the child, while every one admits that though hard intrapelvic operating has a maternal mortality, it has a very small mortality; and, on the other hand, the
The Relationship Between Volume or Surgeon Specialty and Outcome in the Surgical Treatment of Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Erik M. von Meyenfeldt, Gea A. Gooiker, Willem van Gijn, Piet N. Post, Cornelis J.H. van de Velde, Rob A.E.M. Tollenaar, Houke M. Klomp, Michel W.J.M. Wouters
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2012)
Increasing the impact of health services research
Authors: P. Dash
Journal: BMJ (2003)

A new report from the Health Foundation and Nuffield Trust suggests managers and policy makers are not able to base decisions about reforming health services on the best available evidence Improving quality and performance in the NHS requires a developmental approach that applies research to a planned process of change. Decision makers need many questions answering. How should clinical teams be organised and resourced to deliver higher quality, safer care? How could hospital environments be improved? How should local services be configured to ensure convenient access and optimal quality? And how can recruitment and retention of healthcare staff be enhanced? Despite clarity about the questions, decision makers feel they lack the research that would help them generate answers. So what can be done to improve the use of health service research? In 2002, the Health Foundation and the Nuffield Trust jointly commissioned a review of health services research in the United Kingdom.1 The aim was to examine how independent grant funders in health could enhance the contribution of health services research to improving services and policy making and to learn from the role of charitable foundations in other countries. Research for the review, conducted during January to August 2003, included interviews with 35 senior UK health services researchers, health service managers, policy makers, or research commissioners. It also included an analysis of case studies and a review of successful initiatives in the United States and Canada. The research showed that everyone involved with health services research is dissatisfied to some extent with the current research process, albeit from different perspectives (box 1). Improved hospital environments, such as this award-winning design (the new medical campus of the Norfolk and Norwich NHS Trust), are one result of the application of health services research ### Box 1: Perspectives on problem of health services research
Role of Angiogenesis in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Rohit Khurana, Michael Simons, John F. Martin, Ian C. Zachary
Journal: Circulation (2005)

The role of angiogenesis in atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases has emerged as a major unresolved issue. Angiogenesis has attracted interest from opposite perspectives. Angiogenic cytokine therapy has been widely regarded as an attractive approach both for treating ischemic heart disease and for enhancing arterioprotective functions of the endothelium; conversely, a variety of studies suggest that neovascularization contributes to the growth of atherosclerotic lesions and is a key factor in plaque destabilization leading to rupture. Here, we critically review the evidence supporting a role for angiogenesis and angiogenic factors in atherosclerosis and neointima formation, emphasizing the problems raised by some of the landmark studies and the suitability of animal models of atherosclerosis and neointimal thickening for investigating the role of angiogenesis. Because many of the relevant studies have focused on the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), we consider this work in the wider context of VEGF biology and in light of recent experience from clinical trials of VEGF and other angiogenic cytokines for ischemic heart disease. Also discussed are recent findings suggesting that, although angiogenesis may contribute to neointimal growth, it is not required for the initiation of intimal thickening. Our assessment of the evidence leads us to conclude that, although microvessels are a feature of advanced human atherosclerotic plaques, it remains unclear whether angiogenesis either plays a central role in the development of atherosclerosis or is responsible for plaque instability. Furthermore, current evidence from clinical trials of both proangiogenic and antiangiogenic therapies does not suggest that inhibition of angiogenesis is likely to be a viable therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular disease.
Short term exposure to volatile organic compounds enhances atopy patch test reaction*1
Authors: J. Huss-Marp, B. Eberlein-Koenig, U. Darsow, K. Breuer, S. Mair, U. Kraemer, E. Mayer, K. Gertis, J. Ring, H. Behrendt
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2004)
A Phase II Study of Weekly Docetaxel-Cisplatin As First-Line Treatment for Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Daniel Binder, Matthias Hackenthal, Lutz Graseck, Hans Schweisfurth, Christoph Schäper, Matthias Krüll, Bettina Temmesfeld-Wollbrück, Norbert Suttorp, Thomas Beinert, Klaus-Peter Hellriegel
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2009)
Urinary Alkaline Phosphatase Activity
Authors: Elias Amador
Journal: JAMA (1963)

While the measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity in serum has been used extensively in diagnosis,<sup>1</sup>this activity in urine has not been similarly exploited.<sup>2</sup>In fact, significant alkaline phosphatase activity has not previously been found in normal human urine.<sup>2, 3</sup>The present study demonstrates that alkaline phosphatase activity occurs in urine from both normal and abnormal individuals, but that it is masked by the presence of a dialyzable inhibitor(s). By the use of dialyzed urine, the p-nitrophenyl phosphate assay method<sup>4</sup>has been modified to yield a simple, precise assay for the measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity in dialyzed human urine. Through the use of this method, the normal range of activities has been established. Moreover, the measurement of urinary alkaline phosphatase activity may be employed as an aid in the diagnosis of diseases of the renal parenchyma, including renal adenocarcinomas,<sup>2</sup>acute and subacute glomerulonephritis, nephrotic
Methylmercury, Amalgams, and Children’s Health
Authors: Gianpaolo Guzzi, Claudio Minoia, Paolo D. Pigatto, Gianluca Severi
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

Uncertainty" (Schmidt 2005) overlooked many serious concerns about the environmental and health risks of this new technology.Potential problems from antibiotic-resistant genes used in gene-altered crops, risks from unintended effects of the genetic engineering process, the increases in pesticide use stemming from widespread planting of genespliced varieties-these and several other concerns were ignored or hardly mentioned in the lengthy article.Additional information on this topic is available from the Center for Food Safety (CFS 2000(CFS , 2004)).Instead, Schmidt's article states that "GM agriculture is here to stay" (Schmidt 2005) and gives readers the false impression that safety and regulatory issues have been adequately addressed by industry and government.Nothing could be further from the truth.For example, regarding the risk of allergies from gene-altered foods, Schmidt stated that biotech companies avoid allergy problems by avoiding genes from the most common allergens.However, in an editorial in the New England Journal of Medicine, Nestle (1996) pointed out that this approach leaves many uncertainties:Most biotechnology companies use microorganisms rather than food plants as gene donors, even though the allergenic potential of these newly introduced microbial proteins is uncertain, unpredictable, and untestable ….Because FDA requirements do not apply to foods that are rarely allergenic or to donor organisms of unknown allergenicity, the policy would appear to favor industry over consumer protection.
Caustic agent ingestion calls for esophagoscopy
Authors: Milan Korcok
Journal: JAMA (1982)

Each year, more than 5,000 American children aged 5 years and under consume cleaning products or drain "decloggers." The result is often an esophageal burn which, if not treated quickly and aggressively, can progress to complications. In a paper presented to the annual meeting of the American Broncho-Esophagological Association in Palm Beach, Fla, Jeffrey S. Adam, MD, senior resident in otolaryngology, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, asserted that "overtreatment" of such cases is far preferable to "undertreatment" and that esophagoscopy of any child suspected of having consumed a caustic compound is "an absolute necessity." Adam reported on 402 patients at Children's Hospital in Columbus who were evaluated retrospectively for possible esophageal burns after ingesting caustic agents (most commonly Liquid Drano, a 20% sodium hydroxide solution). Results of esophagoscopy were normal for 330 (82% ) of the children. However, findings were abnormal for 72 (18% ) of the children, most of
VALIDATION OF FRACTIONAL FLOW RESERVE IN INTERMEDIATE LEFT MAIN CORONARY ARTERY STENOSIS
Authors: Jung–Min Ahn, Seungmo Kang, Young–Rak Cho, Gyung–Min Park, Jong–Young Lee, Won–Jang Kim, Soo–Jin Kang, Duk–Woo Park, Seung–Whan Lee, Young–Hak Kim, Cheol Whan Lee, Seong–Wook Park, Seung–Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2013)
Truncating mutations of MAGEL2 cause Prader-Willi phenotypes and autism
Authors: Christian P Schaaf, Manuel L Gonzalez-Garay, Fan Xia, Lorraine Potocki, Karen W Gripp, Baili Zhang, Brock A Peters, Mark A McElwain, Radoje Drmanac, Arthur L Beaudet, C Thomas Caskey, Yaping Yang
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)
An Assessment of Clinically Useful Measures of the Consequences of Treatment
Authors: Andreas Laupacis, David L. Sackett, Robin S. Roberts
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1988)

WITH neither the time nor the resources available to prevent, detect, or treat every disorder in every patient, which preventive, diagnostic, or therapeutic interventions should take priority? When a physician has a few spare minutes to spend with a patient, should that time be devoted to a blood pressure check, a counseling session about dietary fat, an inquiry about possible symptoms of transient cerebral ischemia, or a demonstration of how to use nicotine chewing gum?Plenty of experts are quick to tell us how we should spend this valuable time; there are now even task forces and professional review bodies . . .
Transgastric Perforation of a Percutaneous Endoscopic Feeding Tube with a Fatal Outcome
Authors: H. Feussner, Ch. Hannig, H. F. Weiser
Journal: Endoscopy (1989)

See also: Feeding Tube Perforation as a Complication of Percutaneous Endoscopic GastrostomyEndoscopy 1992; 24(03): 235-235DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1010471 See also: Transgastric Perforation of a PEG and Successful Endoscopic Management of the Complication using the Fibrin Sealing TechniqueEndoscopy 1990; 22(06): 288-288DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1012875
Family outbreak of chloramphenicol-ampicillin resistant Haemophilus influenzae type b disease
Authors: ChristopherA.J. Brightman, DerrickW. Crook, WilmaA.G. Kraak, IoannaD. Dimopoulou, EileenC. Anderson, WrightW. Nichols, MaryP.E. Slack, PeterR. Barker
Journal: The Lancet (1990)