tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Oxygen Dilemma
Authors: John A. Clements, H. Kenneth Fisher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1970)

Elsewhere in this issue Miller, Waldhausen and Rashkind report a study of the toxic effects of oxygen at a pressure of about one atmosphere on dogs with and without cyanosis. They conclude that hypoxemia resulting from surgically induced intracardiac right-to-left shunts protects dogs from systemic but not from pulmonary damage due to oxygen. Though the experiments were necessarily conducted in animals, they seem to have been motivated by the consideration of how much oxygen one can give a cyanotic patient without doing him more harm than good. This perplexing question is important in the management of every acutely ill hypoxemic . . .
Mycophenolic acid augments interferon-stimulated gene expression and inhibits hepatitis C Virus infection in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Qiuwei Pan, Petra E. de Ruiter, Herold J. Metselaar, Jaap Kwekkeboom, Jeroen de Jonge, Hugo W. Tilanus, Harry L.A. Janssen, Luc J.W. van der Laan
Journal: Hepatology (2011)

Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is a highly effective immunosuppressant that has broad antiviral activity against different viruses and can act in synergy with interferon-α (IFN-α) on hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication. MPA is a potent inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) inhibitor but the antiviral mechanisms are less understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibition of HCV infection by MPA and the molecular basis for its synergy with IFN-α. The role of IMPDH and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) was investigated in two HCV models using gain- or loss-of-function approaches. The in vivo effect of MPA treatment was studied in NOD/SCID mice engrafted with HCV replicon cells. Potent antiviral effects of MPA at clinically relevant concentrations were observed with both the subgenomic and JFH1-derived infectious HCV models. MPA treatment in mice resulted in a specific and robust inhibition of HCV replication. Ectopic expression of an MPA-resistant IMPDH2 mutant in HCV host cells completely reversed the antiproliferative effect of MPA but only partially affected the antiviral potency. However, similar to ribavirin, MPA induced expression of multiple antiviral ISGs, including interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1). Cotreatment of MPA with IFN-α resulted in additive effects on ISG expression and enhanced IFN-induced luciferase reporter activity. Knockdown of IRF1, but not IFITM3, significantly attenuated the inhibition of HCV replication by MPA. Conclusion: MPA exerts a potent anti-HCV effect in vitro and in mice and acts in synergy with IFN-α. MPA's antiviral activity partially depends on IMPDH but also involves stimulation of ISGs, providing a molecular basis for its synergy with IFN-α.
Roche continues to drag its feet on access to Tamiflu data
Authors: P. C. Gotzsche
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Four years after it was first promised (but not fulfilled), Roche is again offering Cochrane researchers access to its trial reports on Tamiflu. But Roche is offering less than full transparency: “In line with European Union law, each CSR [clinical study report] will be edited by Roche to ensure patient confidentiality and to protect legitimate commercial interests.”1 Furthermore, Roche says …
Deaths from chickenpox in England and Wales 1995-7: analysis of routine mortality data
Authors: H. Rawson, A. Crampin, N. Noah
Journal: BMJ (2001)

To evaluate the epidemiology and impact of mortality from chickenpox in England and Wales.Review of death certificates from the Office for National Statistics on which codes for "chickenpox" or "varicella" were mentioned. Further information ascertained from certifying physician.Those certified as having died from chickenpox in England and Wales, 1995-7.Diagnosis and age and sex distributions of deaths from chickenpox.On average, 25 people a year die from chickenpox. Overall case fatality was 9.22 per 100 000 consultations for chickenpox. Adults accounted for 81% of deaths and 19% of consultations. Deaths were twice as common in men as in women. More of those who died were born outside United Kingdom than expected (12% v 4%).Chickenpox is not a mild disease. Deaths in adults are increasing, both in number and proportion.
Cholangiocarcinoma: A cancer in search of the right classification
Authors: Vincenzo Cardinale, Guido Carpino, Lola M. Reid, Eugenio Gaudio, Domenico Alvaro
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

CCs with focal hepatocytic differentiation from hHpSC-derived lineages: combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma, mixed-CC, and CCL. Pure mucin-producing CCs from hBTSC-derived lineages in PBGs or from epithelium of intra- or extrahepatic large bile ducts: hilar CC and muc-ICC. A CCs classification based on the cell-lineages-of-origin is more coherent with current knowledge on the epidemiology and risk factors and may have important clinical implications for the definition of specific therapeutic targets. Vincenzo Cardinale M.D.*, Guido Carpino M.D., Ph.D., , Lola M. Reid Ph.D§, Eugenio Gaudio X.X. , Domenico Alvaro X.X.* ¶, * Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Polo Pontino, Italy, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy, Department of Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy, § Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Program in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, ¶ Eleonora Lorillard Spencer-Cenci Foundation, Rome Italy.
272 DETECTION OF A HCV-SPECIFIC CYTOTOXIC RESPONSE DURING THE FIRST TWELVE WEEKS OF ANTI-HCV TREATMENT CORRELATES WITH SUSTAINED VIROLOGIC RESPONSE
Authors: J.R. Larrubia, S. Benito, M. Lokhande, J. Miquel, M. Calvino, E. Sanz-de-Villalobos, A. González-Praetorious, S. Albertos, S. García-Garzón, T. Parra-Cid
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Permanent protection of PLG scaffold transplanted allogeneic islet grafts in diabetic mice treated with ECDI-fixed donor splenocyte infusions
Authors: Taba Kheradmand, Shusen Wang, Romie F. Gibly, Xiaomin Zhang, Samantha Holland, James Tasch, Jack G. Graham, Dixon B. Kaufman, Stephen D. Miller, Lonnie D. Shea, Xunrong Luo
Journal: Biomaterials (2011)
Arteriovenous carbon dioxide and pH gradients during cardiac arrest.
Authors: W Grundler, M H Weil, E C Rackow
Journal: Circulation (1986)

In a porcine preparation of cardiac arrest, we demonstrated that there is a marked paradox of venous acidemia and arterial alkalemia. This paradox is related to decreased clearance of CO2 from the lungs when pulmonary blood flow is critically reduced. Accordingly, increased venous PCO2 rather than metabolic acidosis due to lactic acidosis predominates during the initial 8 min of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Arterial blood gases fail as indicators of systemic acid-base status and therefore as indicators of tissue acidosis.
Modes of Compensation of Pathologists and the Charges for and Use of Laboratory Services
Authors: Sheldon F. Markel
Journal: JAMA (1980)

THE COST of medical care in this country is of great concern in both public and private quarters. A major focus of this concern has been on the cost and use of clinical laboratory services and whether a relationship exists between these and the manner of reimbursement of pathologists. There are different methods of compensation of hospital-based pathologists. The most prevalent methods are fixed (salary) and several nonfixed means of compensation, eg, fee-for-service, percentage of laboratory revenue, and lease-type arrangements. See also p 2080. Members of the Michigan Society of Pathologists provide pathology services in about two thirds of the approximately 120 general medical and surgical hospitals in Michigan that have full-service clinical laboratories. About 60% of these hospitals are in metropolitan areas, and about half of them have more than 300 beds and more than 10,000 admissions per year. These include nonteaching, teaching, and university-type hospitals. Like their counterparts
Bed bug infestation
Authors: C. Bernardeschi, L. Le Cleach, P. Delaunay, O. Chosidow
Journal: BMJ (2013)

#### Summary points

Bed bugs are bloodfeeding insects that seem to be resurging in developed countries,1 possibly due to international travel and changes in pest control practices.2 Diagnosis of bed bug infestation relies on clinical manifestations of bites and direct observation of the arthropod, which is rarely recognised by those who are bitten.3 Evidence is lacking on the bed bug’s capacity to transmit disease, management of eradication, and the economic impact of infestations. This summary of the available evidence on the diagnosis and management of bed bug infestation aims to help general practitioners identify the clinical signs of bed bug bites and help patients identify and manage infestations.

#### Sources and selection criteria

We focused on articles published since October 2008 to update Goddard and colleagues’ systematic review.2 We searched PubMed and Embase databases until July 2012, using the search terms “bedbugs [Mesh] OR bed bugs OR bed bug OR Cimex”. We also manually searched textbooks, newspapers, and websites, mainly those listed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (www.cdc.gov/nceh/ehs/topics/bedbugs.htm). Our selection criteria were case reports on more than five patients, and results related to humans in the field of prevention and elimination of bed bugs or clinical manifestations of their bites.

The two main species of bed bugs are Cimex lectularius and Cimex hemipterus , which are found in tropical zones and temperate areas, respectively. They are brown, wingless, flat, 2-5 mm …
Abstract P5-20-03: A phase 2, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-finding study of sotatercept for the treatment of patients with chemotherapy-induced anemia and metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: M Auerbach, CRC Osborne, K Klesczewski, A Laadem, ML Sherman, R Bianca
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Background: Sotatercept is a recombinant activin receptor IIA (ActRIIA) ligand trap and is comprised of the extracellular domain of ActRIIA linked to the Fc domain of human IgG1 (ActRIIA-IgG1). Results of preclinical and early clinical studies provide evidence that sotatercept increases the concentration of hemoglobin (Hb) in blood and may constitute a novel treatment for chemotherapy-induced anemia (CIA), a condition that results in significant morbidity. Methods: This study evaluated the safety of, and hematopoietic response to, sotatercept in patients with CIA and metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Response was defined as increase in Hb ≥1 g/dL for ≥28 consecutive days during treatment or ≤2 months following the last dose, in the absence of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion or treatment with an erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA). If RBC transfusion or treatment with an ESA was required, no Hb measurements within 28 days of the RBC transfusion or administration of ESA were used to determine the Hb response. Subjects were randomized to subcutaneous injection of sotatercept (0.1, 0.3, or 0.5 mg/kg) or placebo and were treated on day 1 of each of four 28-day cycles. Results: Thirty (30) subjects were enrolled and treated (5 placebo, 25 sotatercept). Increases in mean Hb in the 0.3 and 0.5 mg/kg groups were greater than in 0.1 mg/kg and placebo groups. Increases peaked approximately 15 days following treatment and declined over the remaining interval between treatments. Among 23 subjects with confirmed CIA and administered ≥1 dose and followed for ≥57 days (per-protocol analysis), 5/18 (28%) administered sotatercept responded (0/5 [0%] at 0.1 mg/kg; 3/9 [33%] at 0.3 mg/kg; 2/4 [50%] at 0.5 mg/kg) vs 1/5 [20%] administered placebo. Among 13 nonresponders administered sotatercept, 5 (39%) experienced ≥1 dose interruption/reduction, as per protocol, due to elevated Hb. The incidence of adverse events (AEs) was consistent with that reported in patients with MBC. No dose-limiting or dose-related toxicity was observed. Conclusions: Sotatercept demonstrated dose-dependent hematopoietic activity in subjects with CIA and MBC. The safety findings were generally consistent with the known safety profile of sotatercept. These data suggest that a greater dose of sotatercept or a dose interval &amp;lt;28 days might result in a more sustained, and greater rate of, hematopoietic response. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-20-03.
Progression of addiction careers in young adult solvent misusers.
Authors: B Davies, A Thorley, D O'Connor
Journal: BMJ (1985)

Four case histories of a representative sample of young adult glue sniffers who had progressed to using illicit drugs or abusing alcohol or both contained several common factors that may have been relevant in the transition. For example, all had suffered parental deprivation or rejection in childhood leading to a state of chronic stress, and all had progressed from sniffing glue to inhaling heroin and thence to "snorting" and injecting heroin. The exact reason for the transition from glue sniffing to misusing other substances was not clear. Nevertheless, although these cases represent only a minority of glue sniffers, the problem of transition may be more common than hitherto supposed.
Stamp for Charting Breast Lesions
Authors: Daniel J. Abramson
Journal: JAMA (1975)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> There is increasing public awareness of the importance of breast examination. When the patient is examined by the physician, the findings are recorded and should become a permanent part of the patient's file. They are recorded by brief or lengthy word descriptions or by the use of printed forms, drawn diagrams, or rubber stamp. A stamp diagram was designed that permits specific, precise, and accurate location and description of all breast lesions. The stamp and design are illustrated in the Figure. The nipple and areola are centrally placed. Concentric circles are made; each intervening space represents a finger's breadth or, if desired, a metric measurement. Straight lines, corresponding to the numbers on a clock, are made from the edge of the areola to the outer edge of the circle. With this as a chart, masses, thickening, and other findings are accurately recorded in exact position, ie, two
Early Destructive Effect of Sunlight on Human Skin
Authors: Albert M. Kligman
Journal: JAMA (1969)

The facial skin of white persons has been assessed throughout the human life span for the severity of elasticfiber changes as an indicator of sunlight damage. Elastic hyperplasia began as early as the first decade and was clearly evident in a majority of young adults before the age of 30. Beyond the fourth decade most persons had serious elastic-tissue abnormalities culminating in massive degeneration. The elastotic changes were quite advanced before the extensiveness of the damage became visible clinically. The unexposed skin of the buttock exhibited only a slight increase in elastic fibers in old age. The degree of elastic-tissue damage in different regions of the face was in relation to the amount of sunlight these received, greatest on the ear rim and cheek, least under the chin and eyebrows. Sunlight, not innate aging, is mainly responsible for the worst manifestation of senile skin.
Does a “Wallet Biopsy” Lead to Inappropriate Trauma Patient Care?
Authors: Charles D. Mabry
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
The role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in acute liver injury.
Authors: L. A. Garcia Rodriguez, S. Perez Gutthann, A. M. Walker, L. Lueck
Journal: BMJ (1992)

OBJECTIVE--To investigate the association between use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and serious, acute non-infectious liver injury. DESIGN--Retrospective cohort study, cross over design. SETTING--Health records from provincial database in Saskatchewan, Canada, 1982-6. SUBJECTS--228,392 adults who contributed 645,456 person years. All were either using or had used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Number and type of prescriptions for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Admission to hospital for newly diagnosed acute liver injury. RESULTS--There were 34 admissions to hospital; 16 among subjects currently using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and 18 among subjects who were not. The incidence rate among current users was 9 per 100,000 person years (95% confidence interval 6 to 15 per 100,000 person years). Subjects currently using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs had twice the risk of newly diagnosed liver injury as those not currently taking these drugs (rate ratio 2.3; 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 4.9) and an excess risk of 5 per 100,000 person years. The age and sex adjusted risk ratio was 1.7 (0.8 to 3.7). The strength of the association increased when only cases with no concomitant use of other hepatotoxic drugs were considered (4.0; 0.9 to 19.0). The rate ratio for people having received one to nine prescriptions was constant. There was no increased risk with long duration of treatment (1.0; 0.3 to 3.5). CONCLUSIONS--There is a small excess risk of serious, acute non-infectious liver injury associated with the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
THE REMOVAL OF CARTILAGE MATRIX, IN VIVO, BY PAPAIN
Authors: Robert T. McCluskey, Lewis Thomas
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1958)

The intravenous injection of crystalline papain into young rabbits results in depletion of cartilage matrix throughout the body, with loss of rigidity and collapse of the ears, provided the enzyme is inactivated by oxidation or sulfhydryl blocking agents prior to administration. Cysteine-activated crystalline papain, when injected intravenously, produces little or no change in cartilage. The changes which occur in cartilage following an injection of inactivated crystalline papain are indistinguishable from those produced by crude papain. Activation of crude papain by cysteine prior to injection results in loss of its capacity to produce in vivo changes in cartilage. The progressive changes which take place in cartilage in vivo also occur in vitro in isolated rabbit ears removed shortly after an injection of crude papain or inactivated crystalline papain. In vitro ear collapse occurs rapidly at 37 degrees C. and does not occur at 4 degrees C. Collapse is enhanced by exposing the cartilage to cysteine and prevented by exposure to iodoacetamide or p-chloromercuribenzoate. The direct action of crystalline papain on plates of normal cartilage, in vitro, results in the same gross and histological changes which were observed in vivo. The direct action is accelerated by cysteine and inhibited by iodoacetamide or p-chloromercuribenzoate. The intravenous injection of iodoacetamide-treated bromelin produces the same in vivo changes in cartilage as papain. Untreated bromelin has no demonstrable effect on cartilage. It is suggested that the reason for the failure of activated papain to enter cartilage, after being injected intravenously, is that it probably reacts with a substrate or substrates in the blood. Oxidized or otherwise inactivated papain, in contrast, is readily taken up by cartilage and there converted to its active form.
1115 Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B surface antigen positive carriers
Authors: C MOON, K HAN, K SONG, S AHN, J CHOI, Y PAIK, D KIM, S MYUNG, C CHON, Y MOON
Journal: Hepatology (2003)

The lower-than-average cognitive performance of individuals with bilateral cerebral palsy found in previous studies does not always refer to an abnormal performance or clinically significant impairment. We aimed to establish the percentage of persons with bilateral cerebral palsy who present neuropsychologic impairment, and its relationship to perinatal data and motor signs. Forty children, adolescents, and adults (age range, 6-38 years; 15 females and 25 males) with bilateral cerebral palsy were neuropsychologically assessed. Vocabulary was impaired in 85% of participants, language comprehension in 13-48%, visuoperceptual abilities in 60%, visuospatial abilities in 90%, short-term memory in 21-58%, declarative memory in 47-67%, and praxis comprehension in 20%, with executive deficits in 58-74%. Perinatal data (intrauterine growth and birth weight) contributed to explaining memory impairment. Among cerebral palsy subtypes (spastic, mixed, and dyskinetic), forms of impairment differed only in short-term verbal memory. No persons with dyskinetic cerebral palsy experienced impairment in immediate memory or working visual memory. We conclude that visuospatial deficit is the most frequent impairment in people with bilateral cerebral palsy. Moreover, short-term memory impairment seems sensitive to perinatal complications, and differs among bilateral cerebral palsy subtypes.
Social care should be free for everyone in last weeks of life
Authors: A. Betteley
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Macmillan Cancer Support agrees with Collis and Al-Qurainy that good communication and effective coordination of care 24 hours a day are essential to prevent unwanted and unnecessary hospital admissions towards the end of life.1 Unfortunately, there are barriers to achieving this for all patients.

The provision of 24/7 community nursing depends on …
Responses to arm and leg ergometry.
Authors: R G Eston, D A Brodie
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (1986)

Arm (A), leg (L) and combined arm and leg (A + L) ergometry modes were compared at power outputs of 49, 73.5 and 98 W. Selected cardiorespiratory variables and a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured for 19 males of mean age 25.7 (+/- 5.5) years. Oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), minute ventilation and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were all higher (p less than 0.01) in A compared with L and A + L. Gross mechanical efficiency was significantly lower in A (p less than 0.01) than in L or A + L. No differences were observed in any measurements between L and A + L. the correlations between RPE and cardiorespiratory variables were higher for A (RPE:VO2, r = 0.87, p less than 0.01; RPE:HR, r = 0.78 p less than 0.01) than for L and A + L.
Hypophosphatemia and Rhabdomyolysis
Authors: J. P. Knochel, C. Barcenas, J. R. Cotton, T. J. Fuller, R. Haller, N. W. Carter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1978)

Clinical observations suggest that overt rhabdomyolysis may occur if severe hypophosphatemia is superimposed upon a pre-existing subclinical myopathy. To examine this possibility, a subclinical muscle cell injury was induced in 23 dogs by feeding them a phosphorus- and calorie-deficient diet until they lost 30% of their original weight. To induce acute, severe hypophosphatemia in the animals after partial starvation, 17 of the dogs were given large quantities of the same phosphorus-deficient diet in conjunction with an oral carbohydrate supplement, which together provided 140 kcal/kg per day.