tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Phase III Study Comparing Exemestane With Tamoxifen As First-Line Hormonal Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women: The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Breast Cancer Cooperative Group
Authors: Robert J. Paridaens, Luc Y. Dirix, Louk V. Beex, Marianne Nooij, David A. Cameron, Tanja Cufer, Martine J. Piccart, Jan Bogaerts, Patrick Therasse
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)

This phase III randomized open-label clinical trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the steroidal aromatase inactivator exemestane versus the antiestrogen tamoxifen as first-line treatment for metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in postmenopausal women.The study was conducted at 81 centers and enrolled postmenopausal patients with measurable hormone-sensitive metastatic or locally advanced breast cancer. Prior adjuvant chemotherapy and/or tamoxifen were allowed. One previous chemotherapy regimen and no prior hormone therapy for advanced disease were permitted. Patients were randomly assigned to receive exemestane 25 mg or tamoxifen 20 mg orally once daily until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred.A total of 371 patients enrolled at 79 sites (182 exemestane, 189 tamoxifen) were included in the analysis. Both treatments were generally well tolerated without major toxicity. Overall response rate was greater for exemestane than for tamoxifen treatment (46% v 31%; odds ratio = 1.85; 95% CI, 1.21 to 2.82; P = .005). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was longer with exemestane (9.9 months; 95% CI, 8.7 to 11.8 months) than with tamoxifen (5.8 months; 95% CI, 5.3 to 8.1 months). However, these early differences (Wilcoxon P = .028) did not translate to a longer-term benefit in PFS, the primary study end point (log-rank P = .121). There was also no difference in survival between both study arms.Exemestane is an effective and well-tolerated first-line hormonal treatment for postmenopausal women with MBC and offers significant early improvement in time to tumor progression when compared with tamoxifen.
Physiological Background of the Loss of Fractal Heart Rate Dynamics
Authors: Mikko P. Tulppo, Antti M. Kiviniemi, Arto J. Hautala, Mika Kallio, Tapio Seppänen, Timo H. Mäkikallio, Heikki V. Huikuri
Journal: Circulation (2005)

Background— Altered fractal heart rate (HR) dynamics occur during various disease states, but the physiological background of abnormal fractal HR behavior is not well known. We tested the hypothesis that the fractal organization of human HR dynamics is determined by the balance between sympathetic and vagal outflow. Methods and Results— A short-term fractal scaling exponent (α 1 ) of HR dynamics, analyzed by the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) method, and the high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) spectral components of R-R intervals (0.15 to 0.4 Hz; n=13), along with muscle sympathetic nervous activity (MSNA) from the peroneus nerve (n=11), were assessed at rest and during cold face and cold hand immersion in healthy subjects. During cold face immersion, HF power increased (from 6.9±1.3 to 7.6±1.2 ln ms 2 , P &lt;0.01), as did MSNA (from 32±17 to 44±14 bursts/100 heartbeats, P &lt;0.001), and LF/HF ratio decreased ( P &lt;0.01). Cold hand immersion resulted in a similar increase in MSNA (from 34±17 to 52±19 bursts/100 heartbeats, P &lt;0.001) but a decrease in HF spectral power (from 7.0±1.3 to 6.5±1.1 ln ms 2 , P &lt;0.05) and an increase in the LF/HF ratio ( P &lt;0.05). The fractal scaling index α 1 decreased in all subjects (from 0.85±0.27 to 0.67±0.30, P &lt;0.0001) during cold face immersion but increased during cold hand immersion (from 0.77±0.22 to 0.97±0.20, P &lt;0.01). Conclusions— The fractal organization of human HR dynamics is determined by a delicate interplay between sympathetic and vagal outflow, with the breakdown of fractal HR behavior toward more random dynamics occurring during coactivation of sympathetic and vagal outflow.
Letter: First-aid treatment of poisoning.
Authors: A Raffle, J Gray, H R MacDonald
Journal: BMJ (1976)

frequently be avoided if the subjects show the fixity of purpose described here; their determination to minimise the wind-chill factor (by digging a substantial snow cave) and to overcome the urge to sleep undoubtedly prevented a serious outcome for this party, which carried no specific equip- ment to spend a night out near the summit of Everest.
Cefotetan-induced hemolytic anemia after perioperative prophylaxis
Authors: Monte E. Martin, Damian A. Laber
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2006)

Cephalosporin-induced hemolytic anemia is an acquired form of hemolytic anemia caused by interaction of drug with the immune system. Drug adsorption, drug-dependent antibody, and autoimmune induction are the three mechanisms of hemolysis. Cefotetan-induced hemolytic anemia (CIHA) has been described to occur through all three mechanisms. We report four cases of CIHA that occurred after appropriate perioperative use of cefotetan. All of our patients developed an acute and severe hemolytic episode that caused significant symptoms and led to hospitalization within 1-2 weeks after exposure to cefotetan. The hemolytic process was self-limited, and all our patients responded to supportive measures and blood transfusion. This report adds to our knowledge of CIHA, a rare complication of cefotetan use. Our cases suggest that cefotetan-induced acute severe hemolysis is caused by membrane modification (nonimmunologic protein adsorption) in addition to immune complex formation. Prompt diagnosis and aggressive supportive measures are essential in minimizing morbidity and mortality from hemolysis. Physicians should warn their patients about this complication. Given that hemolysis occurs when the subject is no longer under direct clinical supervision, patient awareness on how to recognize signs and symptoms of hemolysis is paramount to reducing the likelihood of this potentially lethal side effect. Finally, physicians might consider restricting cefotetan use.
Perinatal mortality and one-year infant morbidity.
Authors: C E Jones, M Radford
Journal: BMJ (1978)

Perinatal mortality in Southampton and South-west Hampshire Health District fell from 20.8 per 1000 total births in 1970 to 11.3 per 1000 in 1976. This was atributable mainly to a fall in the stillbirth rate, but also to a recent fall in the neonatal death rate in the first week. All infants born in 1975 who had any problems in the perinatal period were followed up for one year. Of the 12 children identified at one year as having a major handicap, eight suffered from problems of prenatal origin, two from problems associated with preterm delivery, and two from other conditions acquired during the perinatal period. As two-thirds of the major handicaps arose from congenital abnormalities, preterm delivery and low birth weight were not the main causes of major handicap.
Translocation of Inhaled Ultrafine Manganese Oxide Particles to the CentralNervous System
Authors: Alison Elder, Robert Gelein, Vanessa Silva, Tessa Feikert, Lisa Opanashuk, Janet Carter, Russell Potter, Andrew Maynard, Yasuo Ito, Jacob Finkelstein, Günter Oberdörster
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2006)

BackgroundStudies in monkeys with intranasally instilled gold ultrafine particles (UFPs; < 100 nm) and in rats with inhaled carbon UFPs suggested that solid UFPs deposited in the nose travel along the olfactory nerve to the olfactory bulb.MethodsTo determine if olfactory translocation occurs for other solid metal UFPs and assess potential health effects, we exposed groups of rats to manganese (Mn) oxide UFPs (30 nm; ~ 500 μg/m3) with either both nostrils patent or the right nostril occluded. We analyzed Mn in lung, liver, olfactory bulb, and other brain regions, and we performed gene and protein analyses.ResultsAfter 12 days of exposure with both nostrils patent, Mn concentrations in the olfactory bulb increased 3.5-fold, whereas lung Mn concentrations doubled; there were also increases in striatum, frontal cortex, and cerebellum. Lung lavage analysis showed no indications of lung inflammation, whereas increases in olfactory bulb tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA (~ 8-fold) and protein (~ 30-fold) were found after 11 days of exposure and, to a lesser degree, in other brain regions with increased Mn levels. Macrophage inflammatory protein-2, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and neuronal cell adhesion molecule mRNA were also increased in olfactory bulb. With the right nostril occluded for a 2-day exposure, Mn accumulated only in the left olfactory bulb. Solubilization of the Mn oxide UFPs was < 1.5% per day.ConclusionsWe conclude that the olfactory neuronal pathway is efficient for translocating inhaled Mn oxide as solid UFPs to the central nervous system and that this can result in inflammatory changes. We suggest that despite differences between human and rodent olfactory systems, this pathway is relevant in humans.
Subcorneal pustules in erythema multiforme
Authors: IAN B. SNEDDON
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1973)

A man aged 24, suffering from Stevens Johnson syndrome precipitated by an upper respiratory infection, developed a skin eruption which consisted of sterile pustules. Histological examination showed subcorneal pustules containing polymorphonuciear leukocytes and no abnormality of the basal part of the epidermis, an appearance indistinguishable from subcorncal pustular dermatosis. The eruption cleared rapidly and did not recur. It is emphasized that the histological appearance of a subcorneal pustule does not necessarily indicate a diagnosis of subcorneat pustular dermatosis (Sneddon & Wilkinson, 1956).
Pharmacological activation of NQO1 increases NAD+ levels and attenuates cisplatin-mediated acute kidney injury in mice
Authors: Gi-Su Oh, Hyung-Jin Kim, Jae-Hyuck Choi, AiHua Shen, Seong-Kyu Choe, Anzani Karna, Seung Hoon Lee, Hyang-Jeong Jo, Sei-Hoon Yang, Tae Hwan Kwak, Chul-Ho Lee, Raekil Park, Hong-Seob So
Journal: Kidney International (2013)

Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of various tumors. In addition to its antitumor activity, cisplatin affects normal cells and may induce adverse effects, such as ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and neuropathy. Various mechanisms, such as DNA adduct formation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses, are critically involved in cisplatin-induced adverse effects. As NAD(+) is a cofactor for various enzymes associated with cellular homeostasis, we studied the effects of increased NAD(+) levels by means ofquinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) activation using a known pharmacological activator (β-lapachone) in wild-type and NQO1(-/-) mice on cisplatin-induced renal dysfunction in vivo. The intracellular NAD(+)/NADH ratio in renal tissues was significantly increased in wild-type mice co-treated with cisplatin and β-lapachone compared with the ratio in mice treated with cisplatin alone. Inflammatory cytokines and biochemical markers for renal damage were significantly attenuated by β-lapachone co-treatment compared with those in the cisplatin alone group. Notably, the protective effects of β-lapachone in wild-type mice were completely abrogated in NQO1(-/-) mice. Moreover, β-lapachone enhanced the tumoricidal action of cisplatin in a xenograft tumor model. Thus, intracellular regulation of NAD(+) levels through NQO1 activation might be a promising therapeutic target for the protection of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury.
Ticlopidine and TTP After Coronary Stenting
Authors: Peter A. McCullough, Keisha R. Marks
Journal: JAMA (1999)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Accelerated Medical Education
Authors: Jack R. Harnes
Journal: JAMA (1972)

To the Editor.—  I hope that Gullen is in no way involved in population control, for he states that the readoption of the Accelerated Program by medical schools would be a one-time bonus and not be recurrent ( 218 :742, 1971).  If a woman produces a child every nine months for ten years, I trust Gullen will agree that the family would contain three more children than if one is produced only yearly.  Despite the misgivings of the medical schools at that time, there is no evidence that physicians who graduated under the Accelerated Program during World War II are less qualified than their predecessors or successors.  Two problems immediately arise to mind. First, full-time medical school physicians will have to spend more time teaching. Second, those curricula which have expanded to fill the summer terms (conforming to Parkinson's Law) may have to retrench.  Nevertheless, this simple, proved, and inexpensive solution
Four in one polypill halves predicted cardiovascular risk, international study shows
Authors: S. Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2011)

A combination pill containing aspirin, two blood pressure lowering agents, and a statin halved the predicted risk of heart disease and stroke in a randomised study of people with raised cardiovascular risk but no indications for any of these medicines.

The international trial randomised 378 people with an estimated five year cardiovascular disease risk of more than 7.5% to a polypill or placebo. The polypill contained 75 mg aspirin, 10 mg lisinopril, 12.5 mg hydrochlorothiazide, and 20 mg simvastatin. None of the participants had any indication for the individual components.

Results reported on 26 May showed that 12 weeks treatment with the polypill reduced mean systolic blood pressure by 9.9 mmHg (95% CI 7.7 to 12.1) and LDL cholesterol by 0.8 mmol/L (95% CI 0.6 …
Independent Movements of the Eyes in Coma
Authors: C. Mercier
Journal: BMJ (1877)

febrile conditions, but would submit that its real value lies in the influence it exerts over that section of the nervous system which con- trols the constructive and destructive forces which are constantly in operation in the living body; and that when, as in fever, assimilative nutrition or constructive force is in abeyance, cuca restrains tissue-metamorphosis or destructive force.P. S.-Perhaps, for the benefit df those who may wish to try the tincture of erythroxylon cuca, as I found great difficult in obtaining it, I may mention that I have lately obtained it in large quantities from Messrs.
5-Lipoxygenase Metabolite 4-HDHA Is a Mediator of the Antiangiogenic Effect of ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Authors: Przemyslaw Sapieha, Andreas Stahl, Jing Chen, Molly R. Seaward, Keirnan L. Willett, Nathan M. Krah, Roberta J. Dennison, Kip M. Connor, Christopher M. Aderman, Elvira Liclican, Arianna Carughi, Dalia Perelman, Yoshihide Kanaoka, John Paul SanGiovanni, Karsten Gronert, Lois E. H. Smith
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2011)

In mice, ω-3 fatty acids in the diet are converted by 5-lipoxygenase to a metabolite that inhibits destructive vessel growth similar to diabetic retinopathy.
Retinal Injury and Detachment in Boxers
Authors: Joseph I. Maguire
Journal: JAMA (1986)

From March 1983 to October 1985, the members of the Retina Service of the Wills Eye Hospital treated nine boxers with traumatic retinal injuries. Eight of these had retinal detachments requiring scleral buckling procedures. The ninth had a large tear without subretinal fluid that was treated with cryotherapy alone. In this article the authors describe the type and location of retinal injury, initial and follow-up treatment, and associated ocular findings and the mechanism of injury. (<i>JAMA</i>1986;255:2451-2453)
Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Joseph K. Salama, Tanguy Y. Seiwert, Everett E. Vokes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

Article Tools Review Articles Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES No companion articles ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2007.12.2697 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print September 21, 2016 PMID: 17827462 Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer Joseph K. SalamaxJoseph K. SalamaSearch for articles by this author , Tanguy Y. SeiwertxTanguy Y. SeiwertSearch for articles by this author , Everett E. VokesxEverett E. VokesSearch for articles by this author Show More From the Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology; Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine; and the Cancer Research Center, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2007.12.2697 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables Supplements © 2007 by American Society of Clinical Oncology
AML with translocation t(8;16)(p11;p13) demonstrates unique cytomorphological, cytogenetic, molecular and prognostic features
Authors: T Haferlach, A Kohlmann, H-U Klein, C Ruckert, M Dugas, P M Williams, W Kern, S Schnittger, U Bacher, H Löffler, C Haferlach
Journal: Leukemia (2009)
Regional lymphomatoid papulosis: a report of four cases
Authors: J.J. Scarisbrick, A.V. Evans, A.J. Woolford, M.M. Black, R. Russell-Jones
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1999)

Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is a chronic self-healing cutaneous eruption which is clinically benign but histologically malignant. Lesions occur episodically over the trunk and limbs. We describe four patients with regional LyP. All were male, with a range in age at onset from 12 to 47 years. In all cases, lesions were confined to a segmental unilateral area. Two patients had type A and two type B LyP. We have long-term follow-up on one patient whose lesions were limited to the right buttock for more than 20 years before more widespread lesions developed. Another patient with lesions on the left flank had mycosis fungoides limited to the same region. Only one other case of LyP presenting in a regional distribution has previously been described.
Genetic Advances in the Study of Speech and Language Disorders
Authors: D.F. Newbury, A.P. Monaco
Journal: Neuron (2010)

Developmental speech and language disorders cover a wide range of childhood conditions with overlapping but heterogeneous phenotypes and underlying etiologies. This characteristic heterogeneity hinders accurate diagnosis, can complicate treatment strategies, and causes difficulties in the identification of causal factors. Nonetheless, over the last decade, genetic variants have been identified that may predispose certain individuals to different aspects of speech and language difficulties. In this review, we summarize advances in the genetic investigation of stuttering, speech-sound disorder (SSD), specific language impairment (SLI), and developmental verbal dyspraxia (DVD). We discuss how the identification and study of specific genes and pathways, including FOXP2, CNTNAP2, ATP2C2, CMIP, and lysosomal enzymes, may advance our understanding of the etiology of speech and language disorders and enable us to better understand the relationships between the different forms of impairment across the spectrum.
Methadone for Narcotics Addicts
Authors: Griffin M. Bates
Journal: JAMA (1969)

<h3>To the Editor:—</h3> TheSPECIAL COMMUNICATION, "Progress Report of Evaluation of Methadone Maintenance..." (<b>206</b>:2712, 1968) might better have been entitled "Progress Report for Endorsement of Methadone." The aspect of methadone hydrochloride treatment programs most in need of evaluation, ie, the goals, receives no evaluation at all. The assumption that a job, a high school diploma, and a technical skill are approriate goals in the treatment of narcotic addicts is open to question. Drug addiction is a symptom of severe emotional maladjustment. The only tenable approach to helping an addict grow up emotionally is in interpersonal approach. There are many successful examples of this, such as Gaudenzia House, Synanon, Concepts West, and Daytop Inc. To control a person with chemicals to achieve the above goals poses a serious ethical question. The authors of theSPECIAL COMMUNICATIONsound as if they are content to drug hundreds of human beings purely for
Intestinal obstruction and bacteremia – complications of capsule endoscopy
Authors: G. Dam, M. Nielsen, L. Christensen
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Capsule endoscopy is a modality for the evaluation of small bowel mucosa and has a high diagnostic yield for evaluation of suspected small intestinal Crohn’s disease [1]. Capsule endoscopy is superior to barium follow-through in diagnosing patients with Crohn’s disease [2] [3]. The most serious complication of capsule endoscopy is mechanical obstruction caused by capsule impaction in a stricture. We present a case of mechanical ileus and bacteremia caused by impaction of the capsule in a patient with suspected Crohn’s disease, but with a normal barium follow-through prior to the endoscopy.
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of bilastine 20 mg <i>vs</i> desloratadine 5 mg in seasonal allergic rhinitis patients
Authors: C. Bachert, P. Kuna, F. Sanquer, P. Ivan, V. Dimitrov, M. M. Gorina, P. Van De Heyning, A. Loureiro
Journal: Allergy (2008)

Background: Bilastine is a novel, nonsedating H 1 ‐antihistamine developed for symptomatic treatment of Allergic Rhinitis and Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of bilastine 20 mg vs placebo and desloratadine 5 mg in subjects with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). Methods: This randomized, double blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group multicentre study evaluated the effect of 2 weeks’ treatment with bilastine 20 mg, desloratadine 5 mg or matched placebo once daily, in 12–70 years old symptomatic SAR patients. All subjects assessed the severity of nasal (obstruction, rhinorrhoea, itching, and sneezing) and nonnasal (ocular itching, tearing, ocular redness, itching of ears and/or palate) symptoms on a predetermined scale to provide a total symptom score (TSS), composed of nasal and nonnasal symptom scores (NSS and NNSS, respectively). The primary efficacy measure was the area under the curve (AUC) for the TSS over the entire treatment period. Results: Bilastine 20 mg significantly reduced the AUC of TSS to a greater degree from baseline compared to placebo (98.4 with bilastine vs 118.4 with placebo; P &lt; 0.001), but not compared to desloratadine 5 mg (100.5). Bilastine 20 mg was not different from desloratadine 5 mg but significantly more effective than placebo in improving the NSS, NNSS, and rhinitis‐associated discomfort scores ( P &lt; 0.05), and rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire total ( P &lt; 0.005) and four out of seven individual domain ( P &lt; 0.05) scores. The incidence of treatment emergent adverse events was similar for bilastine (20.6%), desloratadine (19.8%), and placebo (18.8%). Conclusion: Bilastine 20 mg once daily was efficacious, safe and not different from desloratadine 5 mg once daily in the treatment of SAR symptoms.