tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mutations of the core promoter and response to interferon treatment in chronic replicative hepatitis B
Authors: Andreas Erhardt, Ulf Reineke, Dirk Blondin, Wolfram Hubert Gerlich, Ortwin Adams, Tobias Heintges, Claus Niederau, Dieter Häussinger
Journal: Hepatology (2000)

In chronic replicative hepatitis B the significance of mutations in the basic core promoter (BCP), core upstream regulatory sequences (CURS) and negative regulatory element (NRE) for response to interferon (IFN) is unknown. A sequence analysis of the NRE, CURS, BCP, and precore region was performed from sera of 96 patients with chronic replicative hepatitis B (64 hepatitis B e antigen [HBeAg]-positive patients and 32 HBeAg-negative patients) treated with alfa-IFN (IFN-α). The overall sustained response (SR) rate to IFN was 30% with no significant difference between HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative patients. IFN responsiveness correlated to hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA levels, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels, the number of mutations in the complete BCP, especially nucleotide (nt) region 1753 to 1766 and mutations at nt 1762 and 1764. In HBeAg-positive hepatitis, SR to IFN was associated with a high number of mutations in the BCP (P < .04) and nucleotide region 1753 to 1766 (P < .015) as well as mutations at nucleotide 1764 (P < .007). In HBeAg-negative hepatitis, SR to IFN correlated with a low number of mutations in the BCP (P < .04) and nucleotide region 1753 to 1766 (P < .02) and a wild-type sequence at nt 1764 (P < .003). Prediction of IFN response was possible on the basis of nt 1764 in 77% of HBeAg-positive patients and 78% of HBeAg-negative patients. IFN response did not correlate with the occurrence of the 1896 mutation, mutations in the CURS or NRE, disease duration, ethnic origin of the patient, alanine transaminase (ALT) levels and HBV genotype. Our data suggest that HBV genome mutations located within the BCP are determinants of a response to IFN therapy.
131I Uptake in Intraosseous Hemangioma of the Skull
Authors: Minkyung Lee, Yu Kyung Lee, Tae Joo Jeon, Cheong Soo Park, Young Hoon Ryu
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2014)

We report a case of unusual 131I uptake in the skull in a patient who received total thyroidectomy and cervical lymph node dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma. This uptake mimicked a bone metastasis on posttherapeutic 131I whole-body scan. The lesion was further evaluated by 131I SPECT/CT and MRI, and it was identified as intraosseous hemangioma. For the prevention of unnecessary repeat ablation therapies and physicians' confusion, the nuclear medicine physicians have to consider the 131I accumulation in the skull intraosseous hemangioma as a possible cause of false-positive uptake.
P58. Can T-cells predict response to intravesical BCG immunotherapy in high-risk non-invasive bladder cancer
Authors: S Jallad, P Thomas, M Newport, F Kern
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Intravesical BCG is an example of the importance of immunotherapy in cancer treatment. It has been used since the 1970s as it has a major impact in preventing or delaying bladder cancer recurrence and possibly progression. Unfortunately 20-30% of patients who receive this
Passive exposure to tobacco smoke in children aged 5-7 years: individual, family, and community factors
Authors: G D Cook, P H Whincup, M J Jarvis, D P Strachan, O Papacosta, A Bryant
Journal: BMJ (1994)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <b>Objective</b>: To examine the importance of parental smoking on passive exposure to tobacco smoke in children and the social and geographical patterns of exposure. <b>Design</b>: Cross sectional study. <b>Setting</b>: Schools in 10 towns in England and Wales; five towns with high adult cardiovascular mortality and five with low rates. <b>Subjects</b>: 4043 children aged 5-7 years of European origin. <b>Main outcome measures</b>: Salivary continine concentration and parents self reported smoking habits. <b>Results</b>: 1061 (53.0%) children were exposed to cigarette smoke at home or by an outside carer. Geometric mean cotinine rose from 0.29 (95% confidence interval 0.28 to 0.31) ng/ml in children with no identified exposure to 4.05 (3.71 to 4.42) ng/ml in households where both parents smoked and 9.03 (6.73 to 12.10) ng/ml if both parents smoked more than 20 cigarettes a day. The effect of mothers9 smoking was greater than that of fathers9, especially at high levels of consumption. After adjustment for known exposures geometric mean cotinine concentrations rose from 0.52 ng/ml in social class I to 1.36 ng/ml in social class V (P &lt; 0.0001); and were doubled in high mortality towns compared with the low mortality towns (P = 0.0.002). In children with no identified exposure similar trends by social class and town were observed and the cotinine concentrations correlated with the prevalence of parental smoking, both between towns (r = 0.69, P = 0.02) and between schools within towns (r = 0.50, P &lt; 0.001). <b>Conclusions</b>: Mothers9 smoking is more important that fathers9 despite the lower levels of smoking by mothers. Children not exposed at home had low continine concentration, the level depending on the prevalence of smoking in the community.
Halsted of Johns Hopkins
Authors: Wilder Penfield
Journal: JAMA (1969)

Sir William Osler was the Professor of Medicine in the universities of McGill, Pennsylvania, Johns Hopkins, and Oxford in brilliant succession. His library of rare books on the history of medicine, collected in Oxford, came to McGill after his death, and Dr. William Francis, Osler's cousin and literary executor, came with them. Francis completed the catalogues,<i>Bibliotheca Osleriana</i>, and lived out his life, from 1929 onward, in Montreal as curator and librarian of the Osler Library.<sup>1</sup> Among the treasures in his care was a small black book closed with a lock and key of silver. Osler had advised Francis that its contents (he called them the "secret history") should not be disclosed until the 100th anniversary of the Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1989. But Francis, as his literary executor, decided otherwise. He read the book and in 1958 wrote, "Now that everyone mentioned in it is dead," it should
Cost-Effectiveness of Fine-Needle-Aspiration Cytology of Thyroid Nodules With Intranodular Vascular Pattern Using Two Different Needle Types
Authors: C. Cappelli, A. Tironi, C. Mattanza, D. Cumetti, B. Agosti, E. Gandossi, I. Pirola, E. De Martino, L. Cherubini, L. Micheletti, M. Castellano, E. Agabiti Rosei
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2005)
Don't underestimate the extent of under-reporting
Authors: C. Heneghan, M. Thompson
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Chalmers and colleagues state that under-reporting of research “leads to overestimates of the benefits of treatments and underestimates of their harmful effects.”1

The extent of the problem should not be underestimated. A 2010 study of 546 drug trials, conducted between 2000 and 2006, reported …
Irradiation and Leukaemia
Authors: M. E. Wise
Journal: BMJ (1961)

The influence of prenatal diagnostic x rays on the incidence of leukemia was investigated by comparing the age of death of leukemic children, who were or were not irradiated in utero. The results showed that irradiated first-born children died of leukemia on an average of 4 months earlier than nonirradiated children. No such difference was found in the case of other malignancies. From the same survey it was previously suggested that in half of the leukemias who were irradiated in utero the initiating event was x rays. Therefore, it is suggested that, in the first-born at least, he crucial event occurs about 8 months later than the corresponding event for leukemias caused in other ways. Since most of the mothers were irradiated in the 8th or 9th month, this accords with the suggestion, made on other graunds, that most childhood leukemias are promoted within few weeks of conception.
CONGENITAL DILATATION OF THE URETER
Authors: C. Hilliard
Journal: BMJ (1935)

T CommentsThis case is one of congenital bronchiectasis because:(1) a radiogram after barium injection showed that the cysts-communicate with the bronchi; (2) microscopical examination reveals bronchial tissue in the cyst walls.In view of the previous history of pneumonia it might be suggested that this was an acquired condition.Neither the naked eye nor the microscopical appearances, how- ever, were those of acquired bronchiectasis, and it is more likely that the pneumonia aggravated the condition -and caused clean cysts to become septic and infected.
Scleroderma-like Changes in Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus: Clinical and Biochemical Studies
Authors: Bruce A Buckingham, Jouni Uitto, Chrisy Sandborg, Thomas Keens, Thomas Roe, Gertrude Costin, Francine Kaufman, Bram Bernstein, Benjamin Landing, Angela Castellano
Journal: Diabetes Care (1984)

Children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were examined for scleroderma-like changes of digital sclerosis and joint contractures. Of the 104 patients, 19 (18%) demonstrated these features; five patients had both multiple joint involvement and skin changes; three were studied in detail. All three had restrictive pulmonary disease. Histopathology of skin in these three patients demonstrated increased accumulation of collagen in the lower dermis. In two of the patients, the extractability of collagen in 0.5 N acetic acid was decreased by about 50% as compared with normal controls, which suggests increased cross-linkage of collagen. In addition, the mean nonenzymatic glycosylation of collagen in these three patients was 13 times that of controls. The results indicate that distinct histopathologic and biochemical changes can be detected in the skin of these patients. The results further support the hypothesis that nonenzymatic glycosylation may alter the turnover of collagen, thus contributing to the development of a scleroderma-like syndrome with skin, joint, and pulmonary findingsin patients with IDDM.
REPORT OF A CASE OF SYPHILIS OF THE BLADDER
Authors: F. M. Denslow
Journal: JAMA (1918)

July 23, 1916, I was called in consultation by Dr. Chett McDonald to see a man, aged 23, who complained of very frequent and painful urination, with much tenesmus. He gave a history of venereal sore, diagnosed chancroid, two years before, and gonorrheal infection of the urethra beginning a year later and persisting to the date of consultation. He had been in the Navy and had been sent to the hospital at Great Lakes. He stated that he had had two negative Wassermann tests and had been under treatment while there, and later at Bremerton, Wash., with sounds, irrigations of permanganate, and instillations of silver nitrate. He had obtained his discharge from the Navy, and was at the home of his parents. There was a scar of the glans where the chancroid had been. There was a slight purulent discharge from the urethra, and urination was followed by a mucous
Abstract 4032: Consequences of <i>NEIL1</i> promoter hypermethylation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Peter Schmezer, Jittiporn Chaisaingmongkol, Rolf Warta, Gerhard Dyckhoff, Christopher C. Oakes, Christine Kuhmann, Lea Geiselhart, Peter Waas, Christel Herold-Mende, Christoph Plass, Odilia Popanda
Journal: Cancer Research (2012)

Abstract Human endonuclease VIII-like1 (NEIL1) encodes a DNA glycosylase which is suggested to be involved in the repair of oxidative damage in association with DNA replication and transcription. We have recently demonstrated that hypermethylation of the NEIL1 gene promoter occurs in more than two third of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients, and that this promoter hypermethylation correlated with a decreased expression both on the mRNA and protein levels. Further experiments were performed to investigate the relevance and functional consequence of these observations. Demethylation experiments using 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine and DNMT1 knockdown demonstrated an up to 15-fold re-expression of NEIL1 mRNA in cultured HNSCC cells which initially carried hypermethylated promoter regions. The relevance of promoter methylation for NEIL1 expression was further studied by a luciferase promoter assay using CpG-free pCpGL vector constructs in 293T cells. A promoter construct covering the 5′ region of NEIL1 was treated with CpG methyltransferase (M.SssI) or remained untreated. Luciferase expression of the methylated NEIL1 promoter construct was significantly reduced compared to the unmethylated construct (p&amp;lt;0.01, T-Test). Furthermore, NEIL1/2 glycosylase activity was measured in vitro using a bubble structure substrate containing 5-OHU and by quantifying the cleavage products. Nuclear extracts of HNSCC tissue samples which carried NEIL1 promoter hypermethylation showed a more than 2-fold decrease in NEIL1/2 activity when compared to extracts prepared from normal tissue samples without promoter hypermethylation. Taken together, the presented results strengthen the hypothesis that promoter hypermethylation can reduce NEIL1 gene expression and can lead to a significant loss of NEIL1/2 glycosylase activity in HNSCC tissue. NEIL1 hypermethylation may alter the cellular DNA repair capacity and thus play a role in modulating the response to DNA damaging therapies of HNSCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4032. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4032
Patients’ needs and expectations with regard to rheumatology nursing care: results of multicentre focus group interviews
Authors: Yvonne van Eijk-Hustings, Judy Ammerlaan, Hanneke Voorneveld-Nieuwenhuis, Bertha Maat, Conny Veldhuizen, Han Repping-Wuts
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)

Objective The contribution of rheumatology nurses to improved patient outcomes is increasingly recognised but more research is needed about the effects of interventions. The patient's role in deciding about healthcare quality is considered pivotal and therefore patients’ opinions and expectations should be directional in defining priorities for a research agenda. The objective of this study was to explore needs and expectations with regard to rheumatology nursing care in patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis (CIA). Methods Patients aged 18–90 years from three medical clinics in different regions in The Netherlands were invited to participate in focus group interviews. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and independently analysed by the authors. In a consensus meeting the emerging subjects were categorised into themes which were verified in a fourth interview. Results In total, 20 patients, mean age 57 years old, participated in the focus group interviews. The majority had rheumatoid arthritis and mean disease duration was 15 years. The focus group interviews revealed 12 subthemes that were organised into four main themes: education, self-management support, emotional support and well organised care. Additionally, patients considered opinions about ‘the personality of the nurse’ (eg, easy to talk to) to be important. Conclusions Patients with CIA mentioned that many problems have to be addressed when one is faced with having a rheumatic disease. The focus group interviews yielded valuable information about the care these patients need and expect. This information will direct future research with regard to rheumatology nursing care.
The role of maintenance thalidomide therapy in multiple myeloma: MRC Myeloma IX results and meta-analysis
Authors: Gareth J. Morgan, Walter M. Gregory, Faith E. Davies, Sue E. Bell, Alexander J. Szubert, Julia M. Brown, Nuria N. Coy, Gordon Cook, Nigel H. Russell, Claudius Rudin, Huw Roddie, Mark T. Drayson, Roger G. Owen, Fiona M. Ross, Graham H. Jackson, J. Anthony Child
Journal: Blood (2011)
Subcutaneous Injection of 99mTc-Pertechnetate for Neonatal Thyroid Scintigraphy
Authors: Ray K. Bradford, Mark Tulchinsky
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2013)

A 9-day-old female infant with congenital hypothyroidism presented for thyroid scintigraphy. Multiple attempts including the "intravenous team" failed to establish peripheral access for administration of 99mTc-pertechnetate. We administered 99mTc-pertechnetate subcutaneously into the upper arm. Rapid absorption (85% of the dose in 20 minutes) was documented on dynamic images with physiological uptake, allowing diagnostic thyroid scintigraphy at 35 minutes that revealed ectopic sublingual thyroid. Subcutaneous injection allowed us to avoid traumatic and risky central vascular access procedure. When peripheral intravenous access cannot be obtained, 99mTc-pertechnetate can be administered subcutaneously for diagnostic thyroid scintigraphy, which is particularly useful in neonates.
Cancer Pain: Its Management Emerges As Public Health Issue
Authors: J. A. Steele
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article Cancer Pain: Its Management Emerges As Public Health Issue Get access Julie A. Steele Julie A. Steele Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 8, 18 April 1990, Pages 646–647, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.8.646 Published: 18 April 1990
Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease
Authors: Richard D. Kim, David E. Greenberg, Mary E. Ehrmantraut, Shireen V. Guide, Li Ding, Yvonne Shea, Margaret R. Brown, Milica Chernick, Wendy K. Steagall, Connie G. Glasgow, JingPing Lin, Clara Jolley, Lynn Sorbara, Mark Raffeld, Suvimol Hill, Nilo Avila, Vandana Sachdev, Lisa A. Barnhart, Victoria L. Anderson, Reginald Claypool, Dianne M. Hilligoss, Mary Garofalo, Alan Fitzgerald, Sandra Anaya-O'Brien, Dirk Darnell, Rosamma DeCastro, Heather M. Menning, Stacy M. Ricklefs, Stephen F. Porcella, Kenneth N. Olivier, Joel Moss, Steven M. Holland
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008)

Pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial (PNTM) disease is increasing, but predisposing features have been elusive.To prospectively determine the morphotype, immunophenotype, and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator genotype in a large cohort with PNTM.We prospectively enrolled 63 patients with PNTM infection, each of whom had computerized tomography, echocardiogram, pulmonary function, and flow cytometry of peripheral blood. In vitro cytokine production in response to mitogen, LPS, and cytokines was performed. Anthropometric measurements were compared with National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) age- and ethnicity-matched female control subjects extracted from the NHANES 2001-2002 dataset.Patients were 59.9 (+/-9.8 yr [SD]) old, and 5.4 (+/-7.9 yr) from diagnosis to enrollment. Patients were 95% female, 91% white, and 68% lifetime nonsmokers. A total of 46 were infected with Mycobacterium avium complex, M. xenopi, or M. kansasii; 17 were infected with rapidly growing mycobacteria. Female patients were significantly taller (164.7 vs. 161.0 cm; P < 0.001) and thinner (body mass index, 21.1 vs. 28.2; P < 0.001) than matched NHANES control subjects, and thinner (body mass index, 21.1 vs. 26.8; P = 0.002) than patients with disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infection. A total of 51% of patients had scoliosis, 11% pectus excavatum, and 9% mitral valve prolapse, all significantly more than reference populations. Stimulated cytokine production was similar to that of healthy control subjects, including the IFN-gamma/IL-12 pathway. CD4(+), CD8(+), B, and natural killer cell numbers were normal. A total of 36% of patients had mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene.Patients with PNTM infection are taller and leaner than control subjects, with high rates of scoliosis, pectus excavatum, mitral valve prolapse, and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator mutations, but without recognized immune defects.
Cigarette Smoking
Authors: Robert M. Califf
Journal: Circulation (2000)

he barrage of negative information about cigarette smoking seems never ending.In addition to the association between cigarette smoking and the development of coronary heart disease, chronic lung disease, and many forms of cancer, we now learn that patients who continue smoking after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have a smaller benefit in quality of life and functional status than patients who did not smoke and patients who quit after the procedure.The meticulous work of Cohen and colleagues 1 documents this phenomenon beyond any doubt, and their information can be readily translated into direct discussions with patients.
Percutaneous Transcatheter Arterial Embolization for Hypersplenism
Authors: Dennie V. Jones Jr.
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 November 1995Percutaneous Transcatheter Arterial Embolization for HypersplenismDennie V. Jones Jr., MD, David D. Lawrence, MD, and Yehuda Z. Patt, MDDennie V. Jones Jr., MDUniversity of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX 77030Search for more papers by this author, David D. Lawrence, MDUniversity of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX 77030Search for more papers by this author, and Yehuda Z. Patt, MDUniversity of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX 77030Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-10-199511150-00023 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Portal hypertension is commonly associated with splenomegaly and, at times, with functional hypersplenism and its attendant peripheral blood cytopenias. Splenectomy has been the most frequently used procedure for hypersplenism, but it is associated with a 30-day mortality rate that approaches 20% [1]. In patients with underlying cirrhosis, infections developing after splenectomy are also a prominent problem [2, 3]. Other surgical procedures, such as splenic artery ligation or portosystemic shunting, produce limited clinical improvement.We report a case of successful percutaneous transcatheter arterial embolization for treatment of a patient with hypersplenism associated with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. A ...References1. Danforth DN Jr, Fraker DL. Splenectomy for the massively enlarged spleen. Am Surg. 1991; 57:108-13. Google Scholar2. Cohn LH. Local infections after splenectomy. Relationship of drainage. Arch Surg. 1965; 90:230-2. Google Scholar3. Horan M, Colebatch JH. Relations between splenectomy and subsequent infection. Arch Dis Child. 1962; 37:398-414. Google Scholar4. Maddison F. Embolic therapy of hypersplenism. Invest Radiol. 1973; 8:280-1. Google Scholar5. Hirai K, Kawazoe Y, Yamashita K, et al. Transcatheter partial splenic arterial embolization in patients with hypersplenism: a clinical evaluation as supporting therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cirrhosis. Hepatogastroenterology. 1986; 33:105-8. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; Houston, TX 77030 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited BySevere Thrombocytopenia Due to Hypersplenism Successfully Treated With Partial Splenic Embolization in Preoperative ManagementEmbolotherapy: Basic Principles and Applications 15 November 1995Volume 123, Issue 10Page: 810-811KeywordsBiopsyCirrhosisHepatocellular carcinomaPatient advocacyPatientsPlateletsPortal hypertensionResearch laboratoriesSplenectomySplenomegaly Issue Published: 15 November 1995 CopyrightCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...