tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Internet Drug Sales
Authors: Mike Mitka
Journal: JAMA (2008)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Maintenance Cultures of Kupffer Cells Isolated from Rats of Various Ages: infrastructure, Enzyme Cytochemistry, and Endocytosis
Authors: A. De Margreet Leeuw, Adriaan Brouwer, Roel J. Barelds, Dick L. Knook
Journal: Hepatology (1983)

Sinusoidal liver cells were isolated from the livers of 3-, 12-, 30-, and 36-month-old female BN/ BiRij rats by enzymatic digestion. The Kupffer cells in the sinusoidal eel suspensions were purified by centrifugal elutriation and kept in maintenance culture for periods of up to about 3 weeks. The viability and yield of Kupffer cells per gram of body weight did not change with the age of the donor rat. The ultrastructural, cytochemical, and functional characteristics of Kupffer cells as observed in perfusion-fixed liver were retained during several days of maintenance culture. The consistent observation of worm-like structures in cultured Kupffer cells indicated the reformation of the specific fuzzy coat of the cells during culture. Endogenous peroxidatic and acid phosphatase activities were evident in cultured Kupffer cells and showed the same localization as observed in perfusion-fixed liver. Kupffer cells in culture were able to endocytose colloidal carbon, latex particles (0.8 μm ), horseradish peroxidase, and endotoxin, indicating the reappearance of different types of specific membrane receptors. The ultrastructural appearance of Kupffer cells was not markedly influenced by the age of the donor rat. However, with increasing age, the lysosomes showed increasing amounts of electron dense lipid-like material and iron in the form of ferritin. No qualitative age-related changes in the enzymes tested or in the endocytic capacity of the Kupffer cells were observed. On the basis of these observations, maintenance cultures of purified Kupffer cells can be considered as a valuable model for studying Kupffer cell functions, also in relation to aging phenomena.
PET Imaging of Concomitant Colonic Hyperplastic Polyp and Tubulovillous Adenoma
Authors: Ba D. Nguyen
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2004)

Incidental PET demonstration of abnormal focal F-18 FDG accumulation within the colon may be related to benign, precancerous, or malignant tumors. This pattern of uptake should prompt colonoscopic evaluation and tissue sampling of eventual colonic lesion. The author reports a case of simultaneous PET finding of a hyperplastic polyp and a tubulovillous adenoma during lung cancer evaluation.
Post-operative Position
Authors: H. L. Marriott
Journal: BMJ (1958)

Because of heavy pressure on ouir space, correspondents are asked to keep their letters short.Post-operative Position SIR,-Personal experience of a recent cholecystectomy, coupled with recollections of an abdominal operation some years ago, has prompted some thoughts on a position in which patients might be nursed in the post-operative period after abdominal operations with, I think, more com- fort and reduction of complications.As a physician, I have not the opportunity to try it with patients, but possibly some surgeons may wish to do so.The suggested posi- tion for the patient to be nursed for parts of the first few
PMO-215 Moviprep vs Picolax for screening colonoscopy: Abstract PMO-215 Table 1
Authors: E Howells
Journal: Gut (2012)

<h3>Introduction</h3> This study involves a retrospective review of the standards of bowel preparation during screening colonoscopy at a Local Assessment Centre (LAC) in Wales. The audit data were collected over a 12-month period with an aim to identify which preparation allowed for optimum visualisation of the bowel during screening colonoscopy. <h3>Methods</h3> The data on 224 participants who had colonoscopy performed through the Bowel Screening Wales (BSW) programme at a LAC between January 2009 and January 2010 were analysed. Inclusion criteria were that the participant must have been prescribed either Picolax or Moviprep and that they had a complete colonoscopy with examination to the Caecum. Two hundred and five participants were included, 144 participants were prescribed Picolax and 61 participants were prescribed Moviprep. Nineteen participants were excluded from the audit because they either had a limited procedure such as flexible sigmoidoscopy, or were prescribed an alternative bowel preparation. To ensure robust statistical analysis data were obtained from both Screening Colonoscopist and Specialist Screening Practitioner reports. Bowel preparation was scored according to visual appearance during the colonoscopy procedure. The categories were classified into: Good Adequate Unsatisfactory <h3>Results</h3> The cost of bowel preparation based on 220 procedures a year was calculated. Picolax cost £824.00 and Moviprep cost £1336.00 a year. Therefore the additional cost to the Health Board of using Moviprep each year would appear to be £512. However, the audit identified five participants that had been prescribed Picolax who needed repeat procedures at a cost of £3690.00, while in the Moviprep group only one participant needed a repeat colonoscopy due to unsatisfactory bowel preparation at a cost of £738.00. Moviprep allowed for greater examination of the right side of the colon and could, therefore, potentially incur a higher detection rate of polyps with the improved standards of preparation. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Moviprep proved to be statistically more effective as bowel preparation for screening colonoscopy. Of the participants prescribed Moviprep 82% had a good standard of bowel preparation, whist only 26% of participants prescribed Picolax had a good standard of bowel preparation. Following this audit Moviprep is now the first choice bowel preparation for screening colonoscopy within the Health Board, providing clinical and cost effective bowel preparation for screening participants. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None declared.
Genetic Heterogeneity of Heart-Hand Syndromes
Authors: Craig T. Basson, Scott D. Solomon, Barbara Weissman, Calum A. MacRae, Andrew K. Poznanski, Felix Prieto, Salvador Ruiz de la Fuente, William E. Pease, S.E. Levin, Lewis B. Holmes, J.G. Seidman, Christine E. Seidman
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Heart-hand syndromes compose a class of combined congenital cardiac and limb deformities. The prototypical heart-hand disorder is Holt-Oram syndrome, which is characterized by cardiac septation defects and radial ray limb deformity. We have recently mapped the Holt-Oram syndrome gene defect to the long arm of human chromosome 12 in two families. The role of this disease locus in the pathogenesis of related conditions such as heart-hand syndrome type III (cardiac conduction disease accompanied by skeletal malformations) or familial atrial septal defects is unknown. Methods and Results Clinical evaluations and genetic linkage analyses were performed in five additional kindreds with Holt-Oram syndrome and also in one kindred with heart-hand syndrome type III and one kindred with familial atrial septal defect and conduction disease. Holt-Oram syndrome in all five kindreds mapped to chromosome 12q2. These studies and previous data provide odds of greater than 10 25 :1 that the Holt-Oram syndrome disease gene is at chromosome 12q2. In contrast, neither the phenotypically similar disorder heart-hand syndrome type III nor the locus responsible for a familial atrial septal defect with atrioventricular block maps to chromosome 12q2. Conclusions We demonstrate that heart-hand syndromes are genetically heterogeneous. Conditions that clinically appear to be partial phenocopies of Holt-Oram syndrome arise from distinct disease genes.
Screening children from overseas for infections: is it justified?
Authors: N Shabde, T Waterston
Journal: BMJ (1990)

To investigate current practice of screening children from abroad for infections after coming to the United Kingdom, and to make recommendations for future practice.A review of literature and a questionnaire sent to all health authorities and boards in the United Kingdom.All health authorities and boards in the United Kingdom.167 Health authorities or boards that completed questionnaires (response rate 80%), 59 of which used a screening programme.Response to questionnaire on policies for screening children for infections on their return from overseas.12 Of the 59 authorities screened all children and one screened only those from the West Indian subcontinent. 13 Authorities excluded children from school while awaiting results; 58 screened for tuberculosis and four for diphtheria.There is a wide variation in screening policies around the country with no national consensus. Screening for diphtheria, typhoid, and salmonellosis is hard to justify and is probably not effective. Screening for tuberculosis, however, is supported by many authorities, is widely practised, and probably is effective. There is a strong case for rationalisation of screening.
Juliet, Juliet, Are You OK?
Authors: Carol M. Schwartz
Journal: JAMA (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> Overwhelming is the tragedy that is based on mistaken impression. The unnecessary deaths of Romeo and Juliet emphasize the importance of this principle—a principle applicable to emergency medical care as well as literature's unfulfilled love story. Romeo was puzzled and said to the apparently dead Juliet: "Ah, dear Juliet, Why art thou yet so fair? shall I believe That unsubstantial death is amorous."<sup>1</sup> Unfortunately for both of them, Romeo accepted, without question, the lifeless nature of Juliet. Never did he attempt to learn if indeed Juliet was alive. Ponder the circumstances had Romeo been trained in modern-day cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)<sup>2</sup>(227[suppl]:833, 1974). Unsure of Juliet's unconscious state, Romeo could have acted to confirm or deny his suspicion. "Ah, dear Juliet, Why art thou yet so fair? shall I believe That unsubstantial death is amorous."<sup>1</sup> [Romeo embraces Juliet's shoulders, shaking her.] Juliet, Juliet are you
Role for intrarenal mechanisms in the impaired salt excretion of experimental nephrotic syndrome.
Authors: I Ichikawa, H G Rennke, J R Hoyer, K F Badr, N Schor, J L Troy, C P Lechene, B M Brenner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1983)

A unilateral model of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced albuminuria was produced in Munich-Wistar rats to examine the mechanisms responsible for renal salt retention. 2 wk after selective perfusion of left kidneys with PAN (n = 8 rats) or isotonic saline (control, n = 7 rats), increases in albumin excretion and decreases in sodium excretion were demonstrated in PAN-perfused but not in nonperfused kidneys of PAN-treated rats although systemic plasma protein concentration remained at control level. Total kidney glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and superficial single nephron (SN) GFR were also reduced selectively in PAN-perfused kidneys, on average by approximately 30%, due primarily to a marked decline in the glomerular capillary ultrafiltration coefficient (Kf), which was also confined to PAN-perfused kidneys. Values for absolute proximal reabsorption (APR) were also selectively depressed in PAN-perfused kidneys, in keeping with a similarly selective decline in peritubular capillary oncotic pressure measured in these kidneys, the latter also a consequence of the fall in Kf. In a separate group of seven PAN-treated rats, however, no differences were detected between PAN-perfused and nonperfused kidneys in the absolute amount of sodium reaching the early (0.77 +/- 0.09 neq/min vs. 0.74 +/- 0.08, P greater than 0.40) and late portions of superficial distal tubules (0.31 +/- 0.02) neq/min vs. 0.32 +/- 0.05, P greater than 0.50), despite the lesser filtered load of sodium in PAN-perfused kidneys. Suppressed sodium reabsorption in both proximal convoluted tubules and short loops of Henle of PAN-perfused kidneys contributed to this equalization of sodium delivery rates to the late distal tubule, as did comparable reabsorption along distal convolutions. In two additional groups of PAN-treated rats, infusion of saralasin (0.3 mg/kg per h, i.v.) led to substantial increases in total kidney GFR and SNGFR in PAN-perfused but not in nonperfused kidneys. Despite these increases in total and SNGFR, urinary sodium excretion by PAN-perfused kidneys remained at a level far below that for nonperfused kidneys, again indicating that the antinatriuresis characterizing the PAN-perfused kidney is due to alterations in sodium handling by the tubules rather than changes in GFR. These results therefore indicate (a) that reductions in Kf and depressed sodium reabsorption by proximal tubules and Henle's loop segments in this model are brought about by intrarenal rather than circulating or systemic factors, and (b) assuming that superficial nephrons are representative of the entire nephron population, renal salt retention in this model is due primarily to intrarenal factor(s) acting beyond the distal convolution.
Early Zebrafish Embryogenesis Is Susceptible to Developmental TDCPP Exposure
Authors: Sean P. McGee, Ellen M. Cooper, Heather M. Stapleton, David C. Volz
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2012)

Chlorinated phosphate esters (CPEs) are widely used as additive flame retardants for low-density polyurethane foams and have frequently been detected at elevated concentrations within indoor environmental media.To begin characterizing the potential toxicity of CPEs on early vertebrate development, we examined the developmental toxicity of four CPEs used in polyurethane foam: tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP), tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP), and 2,2-bis(chloromethyl)propane-1,3-diyl tetrakis(2-chlorethyl) bis(phosphate) (V6).Using zebrafish as a model for vertebrate embryogenesis, we first screened the potential teratogenic effects of TDCPP, TCEP, TCPP, and V6 using a developmental toxicity assay. Based on these results, we focused on identification of susceptible windows of developmental TDCPP exposure as well as evaluation of uptake and elimination of TDCPP and bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (BDCPP, the primary metabolite) within whole embryos. Finally, because TDCPP-specific genotoxicity assays have, for the most part, been negative in vivo and because zygotic genome remethylation is a key biological event during cleavage, we investigated whether TDCPP altered the status of zygotic genome methylation during early zebrafish embryogenesis.Overall, our findings suggest that the cleavage period during zebrafish embryogenesis is susceptible to TDCPP-induced delays in remethylation of the zygotic genome, a mechanism that may be associated with enhanced developmental toxicity following initiation of TDCPP exposure at the start of cleavage.Our results suggest that further research is needed to better understand the effects of a widely used and detected CPE within susceptible windows of early vertebrate development.
IgE To Penicillins With Different Specificities Can Be Identified By a Multiepitope Macromolecule. Bihaptenic Penicillin Structures and IgE Specificities
Authors: Adriana Ariza, Cristobalina Mayorga, Maria José Jose Torres, Maria Isabel Montañez, Ezequiel Pérez-Inestrosa, Antonio Jesús Ruiz-Sánchez, Rosa María Rodríguez-Guéant, Tahía Fernández, Jean Louis Guéant, Miguel Blanca
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2014)
A Comparison of Lorazepam, Diazepam, and Placebo for the Treatment of Out-of-Hospital Status Epilepticus
Authors: Brian K. Alldredge, Alan M. Gelb, S. Marshal Isaacs, Megan D. Corry, Faith Allen, SueKay Ulrich, Mildred D. Gottwald, Nelda O'Neil, John M. Neuhaus, Mark R. Segal, Daniel H. Lowenstein
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2001)

It is uncertain whether the administration of benzodiazepines by paramedics is an effective and safe treatment for out-of-hospital status epilepticus.
P124 chronic bronchitis among fishermen in exposed to firewood smoke
Authors: VA Umoh
Journal: Thorax (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Biomass is heavily depended on for domestic energy use by people in developing countries. These materials are typically burnt in simple stoves and produce a lot of smoke. Exposure to this indoor air pollution has been linked to a number of respiratory disorders. This study aimed to assess some long term effects exposure to indoor air pollution among fishermen. <h3>Methods</h3> A survey was conducted in a fishing community in Nigeria among 337 fishermen exposed to indoor air pollution from burning firewood and 345 matched controls. Exposure was determined by the product of the average daily duration of time spent close to the fire and the number of years (Hour-years). A modified BMRC questionnaire was used to obtain information on respiratory symptoms and spirometry was performed on the participants. <h3>Results</h3> The frequency of chronic respiratory symptoms was significantly higher among the exposed fishermen compared with the control subjects. Chronic bronchitis was significantly associated with an obstructive ventilatory pattern. Logistic regression analysis showed an increased risk for chronic bronchitis among exposed fishermen (OR 8.7; 95% CI 4.7–16.3, p &lt;0.001), women were 6 times more likely than men to develop chronic bronchitis (OR 6.6; 95% CI 2.5–17.8, p &lt; 0.001) and cigarette smokers were 5 times more likely than non-smokers to develop chronic bronchitis (OR 5.0; 95% CI 1.8–13.8, p &lt; 0.05). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The results of this survey have shown an association between exposure to indoor air pollution and chronic respiratory disorders. Cigarette smoking aggravated this association.
Hepatic Injury Associated With Tromethamine
Authors: Victor E. Goldenberg
Journal: JAMA (1968)

Hemorrhagic liver necrosis of varying degrees of severity was observed in 22 (32.8%) of 67 newborn infants with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) given tromethamine (Tris) and sodium bicarbonate buffers via the umbilical vein for treatment of respiratory acidosis. Identical solutions, if injected via the umbilical artery, were not associated with liver injury. Nor was liver damage observed if bicarbonate alone was injected via the umbilical vein. It is doubtful whether liver injury was a crucial factor leading to death in these seriously ill infants. However, it is felt the long-term consequences of such extensive liver damage may be serious for the survivors.
Liver Disease, Creatinine Clearance, and Aminoglycoside Nephrotoxicity
Authors: William F. Finn, Lawrence J. Hak
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1984)

Letters and Corrections1 August 1984Liver Disease, Creatinine Clearance, and Aminoglycoside NephrotoxicityWILLIAM F. FINN, M.D., LAWRENCE J. HAK, PHARM. D.WILLIAM F. FINN, M.D.Search for more papers by this author, LAWRENCE J. HAK, PHARM. D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-101-2-277_2 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Moore and associates (1) in their study of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity conclude that a high initial calculated creatinine clearance, an elevated initial aminoglycoside level, 1 hour after administration of the drug, and the presence of liver disease were among the statistically significant factors associated with subsequent impairment of renal function. We believe there is a simple explanation for these findings, which unfortunately makes the interpretation of their work somewhat doubtful.It should be noted that the nomogram of Chan and colleagues (2) was used to decide on the loading and maintenance doses of aminoglycosides. This nomogram compares the...References1. MOORESMITHLIPSKYMELLITSLIETMAN RCJEP. Risk factors for nephrotoxicity in patients treated with aminoglycosides. Ann Intern Med. 1984; 100:352-7. LinkGoogle Scholar2. CHANBENNERHOEPRICH REP. Gentamicin therapy in renal failure: a nomogram for dosing. Ann Intern Med. 1972; 76:733-8. LinkGoogle Scholar3. COCKCROFTGAULT DM. Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron. 1976; 16:31-41. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. HULLHAKKOCHWARGINCHIMATTOCKS HLGWSA. Influence of range of renal function and liver disease on predictability of creatinine clearance. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1981;29:516-21. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. COCCHETTOTSCHANZBJORNSSON DCT. Decreased rate of creatinine production in patients with hepatic disease: implications for estimation of creatinine clearance. Ther Drug Monit. 1983;5:161-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar1. HULLHAKKOCHWARGINCHIMATTOCKS HLGWSA. Influence of range of renal function and liver disease on predictability of creatinine clearance. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1981;29:516-21. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. COCCHETTOTSCHANZBJORNSSON DCT. Decreased rate of creatinine production in patients with hepatic disease: implication for estimation of creatinine clearance. Ther Drug Monit. 1983;5:161-8. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: WILLIAM F. FINN, M.D.; LAWRENCE J. HAK, PHARM. D.Affiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 August 1984Volume 101, Issue 2Page: 277-278KeywordsCreatinineDrug administrationDrugsLiver diseases ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 August 1984 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Effect of Fecal Occult-Blood Screening on the Incidence of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Jack S. Mandel, Timothy R. Church, John H. Bond, Fred Ederer, Mindy S. Geisser, Steven J. Mongin, Dale C. Snover, Leonard M. Schuman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2000)

Both annual testing for fecal occult blood and biennial testing significantly reduce mortality from colorectal cancer. However, the effect of screening on the incidence of colorectal cancer remains uncertain, despite the diagnosis and removal of precancerous lesions in many persons who undergo screening.