tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Neonatal size in term children is associated with asthma at age 7, but not with atopic dermatitis or allergic sensitization
Authors: A. Sevelsted, H. Bisgaard
Journal: Allergy (2012)

Abstract Background We hypothesized that anthropometrics in the newborn is associated with development of asthma later in life. Methods The study included a prospective, longitudinal clinical study of a birth cohort of 411 D anish neonates born at term of mothers with a history of asthma. The primary endpoint was physician‐diagnosed asthma at age 7 years. Allergic sensitization and atopic dermatitis ( AD ) were also investigated. Infant size was measured at the research clinic on four occasions during the first year of life. Risk for asthma, AD , and allergic sensitization at age 6–7 were estimated from logistic regression. Time to first asthma and AD were investigated by C ox regression. Multivariate models were adjusted for gender, gestational age, and mothers smoking during pregnancy. Results Neonatal weight, length, body mass index and head circumference ( z ‐score) were all significantly associated with asthma at age 7. Adjusted odds ratio for asthma by estimated birth weight z ‐score: 1.87 [1.23–2.84]; P = 0.004. Adjusted HR for onset of asthma by neonatal weight z ‐score: 1.46 [1.08–1.96]; P = 0.013. Neonatal size did not associate with AD or allergic sensitization. Conclusions Increased neonatal size was significantly associated with asthma at age 7 but not AD or allergic sensitization in at‐risk children born at term. The findings suggest some common prenatal mechanisms linking body size and asthma.
Usefulness of UniCAP‐Tryptase fluoroimmunoassay in the diagnosis of anaphylaxis
Authors: E Enrique, P García‐Ortega, P Gaig, C Richart, O Sotorra
Journal: Allergy (1999)

Serum tryptase level measured by RIA is the main in vitro tool to confirm the diagnosis of anaphylaxis.Serum tryptase levels were determined by UniCAP-Tryptase fluoroimmunoassay (Pharmacia & Upjohn, Uppsala, Sweden), in 30 consecutive patients who presented at the emergency room with a clinical allergic reaction of less than 6-h duration to assess the value of this method in the diagnosis of anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis was established by clinical criteria and by immunoallergic study. Baseline tryptase levels were determined 1 month later in 21 patients. The receiver operating curve (ROC) was used to establish the best cutoff point of tryptase levels to confirm the diagnosis of anaphylaxis.Seventeen patients were diagnosed with anaphylaxis. In this group, tryptase levels were higher than in the nonanaphylaxis group, composed mostly of patients with urticaria or angioedema (P<0.001). ROC established the best cutoff of tryptase levels at 8.23 ng/ml with a 94.12% sensitivity and 92.31% specificity, whereas the 13.5 ng/ml cutoff recommended by the manufacturers showed 35.29% sensitivity and 92.31% specificity. The reaction-tryptase/baseline-tryptase ratio was 2.85 in the anaphylaxis group and 1.29 in the nonanaphylaxis group.Serum tryptase levels of >8.23 ng/ml by UniCAP-Tryptase fluoroimmunoassay identify anaphylaxis in patients with symptoms of less than 6-h duration. The usefulness of this determination is higher if baseline tryptase levels are available.
Changes in Adipose Tissue Depots and Metabolic Markers Following a 1-Year Diet and Exercise Intervention in Overweight and Obese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Dympna Gallagher, Stanley Heshka, David E. Kelley, John Thornton, Lawrence Boxt, F. Xavier Pi-Sunyer, Jennifer Patricio, Juliet Mancino, Jeanne M. Clark
Journal: Diabetes Care (2014)

OBJECTIVE We aim to characterize the effects on total body fat and distribution of a 1-year intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) for weight loss in overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes and to examine whether changes in adipose tissue (AT) depots were associated with changes in metabolic biomarkers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants were 54 females and 38 males (age 57.8 ± 6.7 years [mean ± SD]; BMI 31.7 ± 3.5 kg/m2) enrolled in the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) trial randomized to ILI or diabetes support and education (DSE) from whom baseline and 1-year MRI measures of total AT (TAT) and regional (arm, trunk, leg) AT, including subcutaneous AT (SAT), visceral AT (VAT), and intermuscular AT (IMAT), were acquired. We tested whether mean changes in ILI and DSE were equal and, within groups, whether changes were different from zero. Regression models tested whether changes in AT compartments were associated with metabolic variable changes. RESULTS Body weight changed −0.52 ± 3.62 kg (P = 0.31) in DSE and −7.24 ± 5.40 kg (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) in ILI. Mean ILI changes were different from DSE (P &amp;lt; 0.001 for TAT, SAT, and IMAT and P &amp;lt; 0.01 for VAT in females). Within ILI, SAT and VAT decreased in males and females (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), but IMAT was unchanged (0.00 ± 0.54 kg; P = 0.99). In DSE, SAT and VAT did not change, but IMAT increased by 0.46 ± 0.55 kg (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Controlling for weight loss, reduction of specific AT depots was associated with improvement in metabolic biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS Weight loss of 7–10% from an ILI over 1 year reduced SAT and VAT and prevented an increase in IMAT. Reductions in AT depots were associated with improvements in biomarkers.
Measurement of Ventricular Torsion by Two-Dimensional Ultrasound Speckle Tracking Imaging
Authors: Yuichi Notomi, Takahiro Shiota, Zoran B. Popović, Joan A. Weaver, Stephanie J. Oryszak, Neil L. Greenberg, Richard D. White, James D. Thomas, Randolph M. Setser, Richard D. White, Peter Lysyansky, Maureen G. Martin-Miklovic
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2005)
That Boorish, Insensitive, Loudmouthed, Crass Physician in the Elevator
Authors: Gary W. Small
Journal: JAMA (1985)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> The Journalhas reviewed a variety of topics on medical ethics, yet the authors and editors have neglected one important problem—elevator consultations among clinicians. No medical setting is immune, and large university hospitals are particularly prone to the phenomenon. How many times has each of us overheard discussions about "the gallbladder in room 286" or that "gomer in the emergency room," within earshot of an elevator full of strangers? Even if the strangers are unrelated to the "gomer" in question, such overheard conversations cannot help but raise questions about trust in one's own physician. These public displays of insensitivity not only demonstrate poor taste but also breach doctor-patient confidentiality. I know of no delicate method of intervention. A frown or hand gesture works for some; others require more aggressive measures. Perhaps an open discussion among<i>JAMA</i>'s readers and editors would bring these issues about elevator consults
The specificity of cellular immune responses II. The structure of antigenic determinants leading to T-lymphocyte stimulation.
Authors: C A Janeway, P H Maurer, M O Dailey, J K Inman
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1976)

T cells from guinea pigs immunized with the hapten 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP)-coupled directly to mycobacteria are of interest since they recognize and respond to DNP conjugated to many but not all carriers. The experiments reported here further analyze the structure of the complex, chemically defined antigenic determinants recognized by such T cells. These antigenic determinants can have DNP coupled either to the xi-amino group of lysyl residues or to the hydroxyl group of tyrosyl residues. Furthermore, essential contributions to the determinant recognized by such T cells are made by amino acid residues to which the hapten is not attached. Such residues are thought to be close to the hapten group itself, since introducing a small spacer between hapten and carrier prevents recognition. The hapten itself is also recognized and discriminated from other haptens with great precision by these T lymphocytes. The strain of guinea pig immunized affects the precise specificity characteristics of the responding T cells, in a way that may reflect the activity of histocompatibility-linked immune response genes. Finally, the characteristics of the immunogen have been studied. It is thought that the lipid content of the mycobacteria may be critical in inducing the hapten-reactive T cells, and this is supported by finding similar responses in T cells from guinea pigs immunized with DNP protein to which lipid has been covalently attached. Thus, the T-cell population being studied, while recognizing haptens with great precision, appears to require a larger determinant for activation than do hapten-specific B lymphocytes.
Ammonia control and neurocognitive outcome among urea cycle disorder patients treated with glycerol phenylbutyrate
Authors: George A. Diaz, Lauren S. Krivitzky, Masoud Mokhtarani, William Rhead, James Bartley, Annette Feigenbaum, Nicola Longo, William Berquist, Susan A. Berry, Renata Gallagher, Uta Lichter-Konecki, Dennis Bartholomew, Cary O. Harding, Stephen Cederbaum, Shawn E. McCandless, Wendy Smith, Gerald Vockley, Stephen A. Bart, Mark S. Korson, David Kronn, Roberto Zori, Lawrence J. Merritt, Sandesh C.S. Nagamani, Joseph Mauney, Cynthia LeMons, Klara Dickinson, Tristen L. Moors, Dion F. Coakley, Bruce F. Scharschmidt, Brendan Lee
Journal: Hepatology (2012)

Abstract Glycerol phenylbutyrate is under development for treatment of urea cycle disorders (UCDs), rare inherited metabolic disorders manifested by hyperammonemia and neurological impairment. We report the results of a pivotal Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, crossover trial comparing ammonia control, assessed as 24-hour area under the curve (NH3-AUC0-24hr), and pharmacokinetics during treatment with glycerol phenylbutyrate versus sodium phenylbutyrate (NaPBA) in adult UCD patients and the combined results of four studies involving short- and long-term glycerol phenylbutyrate treatment of UCD patients ages 6 and above. Glycerol phenylbutyrate was noninferior to NaPBA with respect to ammonia control in the pivotal study, with mean (standard deviation, SD) NH3-AUC0-24hr of 866 (661) versus 977 (865) μmol·h/L for glycerol phenylbutyrate and NaPBA, respectively. Among 65 adult and pediatric patients completing three similarly designed short-term comparisons of glycerol phenylbutyrate versus NaPBA, NH3-AUC0-24hr was directionally lower on glycerol phenylbutyrate in each study, similar among all subgroups, and significantly lower ( P &lt; 0.05) in the pooled analysis, as was plasma glutamine. The 24-hour ammonia profiles were consistent with the slow-release behavior of glycerol phenylbutyrate and better overnight ammonia control. During 12 months of open-label glycerol phenylbutyrate treatment, average ammonia was normal in adult and pediatric patients and executive function among pediatric patients, including behavioral regulation, goal setting, planning, and self-monitoring, was significantly improved. Conclusion: Glycerol phenylbutyrate exhibits favorable pharmacokinetics and ammonia control relative to NaPBA in UCD patients, and long-term glycerol phenylbutyrate treatment in pediatric UCD patients was associated with improved executive function (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00551200, NCT00947544, NCT00992459, NCT00947297).
Radioiodine-labelled alpha-methyl-tyrosine in malignant melanoma:cell culture studies and results in patients
Authors: R. BÖNI, H. STEINERT, R.HUCH BÖNI, G.K.VON SCHULTHESS, J. MEYER, R. DUMMER, G. BURG, G. WESTERA
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (1997)

Journal Article Radioiodine‐labelled alpha‐methyl‐tyrosine in malignant melanoma:cell culture studies and results in patients Get access R. BÖNI, R. BÖNI Department of Dermatology. University Hospital of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, CH‐8091 Zurich, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H. STEINERT, H. STEINERT Department of Radiology. University Hospital of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, CH‐8091 Zurich, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R.HUCH BÖNI, R.HUCH BÖNI Department of Radiology. University Hospital of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, CH‐8091 Zurich, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G.K.VON SCHULTHESS, G.K.VON SCHULTHESS Department of Radiology. University Hospital of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, CH‐8091 Zurich, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. MEYER, J. MEYER Department of Dermatology. University Hospital of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, CH‐8091 Zurich, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R. DUMMER, R. DUMMER Department of Dermatology. University Hospital of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, CH‐8091 Zurich, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. BURG, G. BURG Department of Dermatology. University Hospital of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, CH‐8091 Zurich, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar G. WESTERA G. WESTERA Department of Radiology. University Hospital of Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, CH‐8091 Zurich, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 137, Issue 1, 1 July 1997, Pages 96–100, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1997.1774184.x Published: 01 July 1997 Article history Accepted: 26 February 1997 Published: 01 July 1997
Primary Care at a Crossroads
Authors: Jonathan Showstack, Arlyss Anderson Rothman, Susan Hassmiller
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

In response to concerns about the future of primary care, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation sponsored a meeting in October 2001 in Glen Cove, New York, of 45 leaders in primary care and other health sectors. The purpose was to discuss the current and future challenges to primary care and to develop new and innovative ideas about how primary care might meet the needs of our current and future population. The premise of the meeting was that primary care is at a crossroads, which could lead to a new renaissance or a continued decline. Principles and ideas need to be identified to construct new primary care systems. As background for the meeting, 15 papers were written by experts in health care policy and primary care. Included in this supplement are revised versions of 4 of these papers, which present an overview of the current crisis, the implications of patients' views of primary care, the Chronic Illness Model as one possible solution, and a prediction of a tiering in the way primary care is delivered in the future. The final paper presents ideas and suggestions, based in part on the discussions at the meeting, about opportunities to move toward another renaissance of primary care.
FcεRI-dependent gene expression in human mast cells is differentially controlled by T helper type 2 cytokines
Authors: José M. Lora, Amal Al-Garawi, Michael D. Pickard, Kursteen S. Price, Savita Bagga, Jaclyn Sicoli, Martin R. Hodge, José-Carlos Gutiérrez-Ramos, Michael J. Briskin, Joshua A. Boyce
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2003)
THE SYSTEMIC FACTOR IN THE TREATMENT OF DENTAL CARIES.
Authors: G. S. DEAN
Journal: JAMA (1895)

It is not only because of its novelty that I have chosen my subject. I have chosen it, also, because it seems eminently a proper subject for presentation on an occasion like the present—an occasion whereon the practitioner of general medicine and the practitioner of dental medicine sit down together, to consider what they may do, jointly, for the welfare of mankind. The time was, in the not-distant past, when these two practitioners were sadly ignorant of one another's territory. But now the two have come together. They have familiarized themselves with one another's country. And now that they meet as allies in the cause of humanity, now that they are inquiring what they can do jointly for that cause to which their lives are devoted, it seems eminently proper to bring forward for discussion a subject which lies within the territory of both. It seems fitting on this occasion,
The United States Needs a Health System Like Other Countries
Authors: Andrew F. Shorr
Journal: JAMA (1994)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Dr Glaser<sup>1</sup>believes that market-based approaches to health care reform will not succeed and, therefore, that the United States should adopt an all-payer, payroll-tax-financed health system. However, he fails to note many of the drawbacks and limitations of this proposal. First, as with all payroll taxes, his plan is fundamentally regressive and thus, to many, unfair. Enacting a new payroll tax to finance health care would result in both high and low wage earners' paying the same tax rates for health care. Second, higher payroll taxes will force the price of labor up. Employers will have to absorb some of these new costs, but most of them will be passed on to employees. As a result, adopting an all-payer system will lead to higher levels of unemployment, to more business failures, and to reductions in wages. Some econometric models predict that adopting a modest 7% payroll
Chemical Structure of Erythromycin and Hepatotoxicity
Authors: KEITH G. TOLMAN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1974)

The biochemical features of erythromycin estolate essential for hepatotoxicity were studied in a patient with proved erythromycin estolate toxicity. The only two variables in commercial erythromycin preparations are the chemical nature of the moiety substituted at the 2′ position and the base. By challenges with different 2′ substitutions and bases, we determined that the essential hepatotoxic property of erythromycin estolate in this patient was the propionyl ester linkage at the 2′ position and that cross-sensitivity with erythromycin estolate did not occur with plain erythromycin, erythromycin stearate, erythromycin gluceptate, or erythromycin ethylsuccinate. We were unable to directly implicate an immunologic mechanism for erythromycin estolate hepatotoxicity, since neither tissue deposits of immunoglobulins nor lymphoblastic transformation were found.
Safety of biological therapies for psoriasis: effects on reproductive potential and outcomes in male and female patients
Authors: Z.Z.N. Yiu, C.E.M. Griffiths, R.B. Warren
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2014)

The effects of biological therapies for psoriasis on pregnancy outcomes and lactation, and male fertility and mutagenicity are common concerns in the clinical setting. There is relatively little evidence to guide the clinician and patient. Here, we review the safety profile of the commonly used biological therapies for psoriasis in individuals of reproductive potential. Safety data were derived from large-scale registries, adverse event reporting databases, clinical trials and case reports. We assessed the effect of each therapy on adverse pregnancy outcomes including congenital malformations, and lactation with maternal administration, and male fertility and potential mutagenicity with paternal administration. We provide applicable guidance to inform clinician and patient before and after conception.
The Targeted Oncolytic Poxvirus JX-594 Demonstrates Antitumoral, Antivascular, and Anti-HBV Activities in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Ta-Chiang Liu, Taeho Hwang, Byeong-Ho Park, John Bell, David H Kirn
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2008)

JX-594 is a targeted oncolytic poxvirus that is designed to eradicate cancer cells having cell-cycle defects, through replication, cell lysis, and spread within tumors; oncolysis-induced tumor vascular shutdown and immunostimulation are augmented by granulocyte monocyte–colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) transgene expression. We have previously shown, in animal models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), that JX-594 is a promising anticancer agent. We tested JX-594 in three patients with advanced refractory hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated HCC through intratumoral administration. JX-594 treatment was well-tolerated and resulted in antitumoral efficacy in all three patients, despite the presence of high levels of neutralizing antibodies. JX-594 replication, its release into the circulation, distant tumor targeting were demonstrated. JX-594 administration resulted in the induction of antivascular cytokines, and was associated with tumor vascular shutdown. We also showed, for the first time, that oncolytic virotherapy can suppress underlying HBV replication in HCC patients, and that tumor tissue could be the primary source of acute HBV replication and acute post-treatment HBV release. JX-594 treatment in HBV-associated HCC warrants further clinical testing; a Phase II trial is underway. JX-594 is a targeted oncolytic poxvirus that is designed to eradicate cancer cells having cell-cycle defects, through replication, cell lysis, and spread within tumors; oncolysis-induced tumor vascular shutdown and immunostimulation are augmented by granulocyte monocyte–colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) transgene expression. We have previously shown, in animal models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), that JX-594 is a promising anticancer agent. We tested JX-594 in three patients with advanced refractory hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated HCC through intratumoral administration. JX-594 treatment was well-tolerated and resulted in antitumoral efficacy in all three patients, despite the presence of high levels of neutralizing antibodies. JX-594 replication, its release into the circulation, distant tumor targeting were demonstrated. JX-594 administration resulted in the induction of antivascular cytokines, and was associated with tumor vascular shutdown. We also showed, for the first time, that oncolytic virotherapy can suppress underlying HBV replication in HCC patients, and that tumor tissue could be the primary source of acute HBV replication and acute post-treatment HBV release. JX-594 treatment in HBV-associated HCC warrants further clinical testing; a Phase II trial is underway.
460 A STUDY OF THE SAFETY AND PHARMACOKINETICS OF SINGLE ASCENDING ORAL DOSES OF INX-08189, A NUCLEOTIDE POLYMERASE INHIBITOR, IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS
Authors: J. Patti, M. Matson, B. Boehlecke, A. Barry, E. Wenzel, H. Pentikis, J. Alam, G. Henson
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2011)
Raised concentrations of plasma atrial natriuretic peptides in cardiac transplant recipients.
Authors: D R Singer, M G Buckley, G A Macgregor, A Khaghani, N R Banner, M H Yacoub
Journal: BMJ (1986)

Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay six to 77 weeks after operation in eight cardiac transplant recipients with no appreciable evidence of cardiac failure or rejection and in eight control subjects matched for age, sex, race, and blood pressure. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations were significantly higher in the cardiac transplant recipients (mean 19.4 (SE 3.9) ng/l) than in the controls (7.3 (1.2) ng/l p less than 0.01). The mechanisms underlying these raised values were not clear. These findings suggest that the transplanted atria may secrete atrial peptides and also that innervation is not obligatory for secretion of atrial natriuretic peptides to occur. Before this can be confirmed, however, it remains to be established what the relative contribution of donor and recipient atrial tissue is to the secretion of these peptides.