tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Skin necrosis following prolonged administration of coumarin in a patient with inherited protein S deficiency
Authors: Stuart L. Goldberg, Craig M. Kessler, Barbara L. Yalisove, Mervyn L. Elgart, Carolyn L. Orthner
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1991)

Abstract Depression of the vitamin K‐dependent modulators of coagulation during the initial phase of oral anticoagulant therapy may lead to a transient hypercoagulable state and skin necrosis. We report a case of skin necrosis associated with inherited protein S deficiency following prolonged coumarin therapy. As a result of a stasis ulceration causing a rise in c4b binding protein and concurrent treatment with topical sulfonamide, we hypothesize that a precipitous decrease in free protein S led to skin necrosis. Progression of the necrosis was halted with unactivated prothrombin complex concentrate. This case confirms the rare association between coumarin induced skin necrosis and protein S deficiency and emphasizes potential drug interactions.
Human–animal connections: Recent findings on the anthrozoology of cruelty
Authors: Harold Herzog, Arnold Arluke
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2006)

Recent findings in anthrozoology – the study of human–animal interactions – shed light on psychological and social aspects of cruelty. Here we briefly discuss four areas that connect animal cruelty and cruelty directed toward humans: (1) voices of perpetrators and their audiences, (2) gender differences in cruelty, (3) cruelty as play, and (4) the putative relationship between animal abuse and interpersonal violence.
Redesigning the general practice consultation to improve care for patients with multimorbidity
Authors: U. Kadam
Journal: BMJ (2012)

More time and provision of innovative tools to coordinate care may help

Patients with multimorbidity often need more frequent general practice consultations, and more complex and structured care, than those with a single condition. Their care is often shared and needs to be coordinated with specialist community and hospital teams. A recent article in this series drew attention to the importance of having one main coordinator of care for patients with multimorbidity,1 and Starfield and colleagues highlighted, almost a decade ago,2 the challenge that primary care practitioners face in managing patients with multimorbidity more effectively. The standard primary care consultation for patients with multiple conditions needs to change, but how? 

Multimorbidity influences the general practice consultation in three main ways. Firstly, the amount of clinical information that must be collected for an individual patient with many different conditions can be extensive, especially when conditions and their stability change over time.3 Secondly, as conditions progress over time, management priorities and consequently information gathering, plans, and coordination of care must change.4 Thirdly, communication with other services involved in …
Association Between Changes in Air Pollution Levels During the Beijing Olympics and Biomarkers of Inflammation and Thrombosis in Healthy Young Adults
Authors: David Q. Rich, Howard M. Kipen, Wei Huang, Guangfa Wang, Yuedan Wang, Ping Zhu, Pamela Ohman-Strickland, Min Hu, Claire Philipp, Scott R. Diehl, Shou-En Lu, Jian Tong, Jicheng Gong, Duncan Thomas, Tong Zhu, Junfeng (Jim) Zhang
Journal: JAMA (2012)

<h3>Context</h3>Air pollution is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but the underlying biological mechanisms are not well understood.<h3>Objective</h3>To determine whether markers related to CVD pathophysiological pathways (biomarkers for systemic inflammation and thrombosis, heart rate, and blood pressure) are sensitive to changes in air pollution.<h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3>Using a quasi-experimental opportunity offered by greatly restricted air pollution emissions during the Beijing Olympics, we measured pollutants daily and the outcomes listed below in 125 healthy young adults before, during, and after the 2008 Olympics (June 2-October 30). We used linear mixed-effects models to estimate the improvement in outcome levels during the Olympics and the anticipated reversal of outcome levels after pollution controls ended to determine whether changes in outcome levels were associated with changes in pollutant concentrations.<h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3>C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), soluble P-selectin (sCD62P) concentrations; white blood cell count (WBC); heart rate; and blood pressure.<h3>Results</h3>Concentrations of particulate and gaseous pollutants decreased substantially (−13% to −60%) from the pre-Olympic period to the during-Olympic period. Using 2-sided tests conducted at the .003 level, we observed statistically significant improvements in sCD62P levels by −34.0% (95% CI, −38.4% to −29.2%; P &lt; .001) from a pre-Olympic mean of 6.29 ng/mL to a during-Olympic mean of 4.16 ng/mL and von Willebrand factor by −13.1% (95% CI, −18.6% to −7.5%; P &lt; .001) from 106.4% to 92.6%. After adjustments for multiple comparisons, changes in the other outcomes were not statistically significant. In the post-Olympic period when pollutant concentrations increased, most outcomes approximated pre-Olympic levels, but only sCD62P and systolic blood pressure were significantly worsened from the during-Olympic period. The fraction of above-detection-limit values for CRP (percentage ≥ 0.3 mg/L) was reduced from 55% in the pre-Olympic period to 46% in the during-Olympic period and reduced further to 36% in the post-Olympic period. Interquartile range increases in pollutant concentrations were consistently associated with statistically significant increases in fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, heart rate, sCD62P, and sCD40L concentrations.<h3>Conclusions</h3>Changes in air pollution levels during the Beijing Olympics were associated with acute changes in biomarkers of inflammation and thrombosis and measures of cardiovascular physiology in healthy young persons. These findings are of uncertain clinical significance.
The Treatment of AIDS-Related Lymphoma
Authors: Umberto Tirelli, Domenico Errante, Eric Oksenhendler, Emanuela Vaccher, Roberta Gastaldi, Giuliano Rizzardini, Silvio Monfardini, Christian Gisselbrecht
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —Levine et al<sup>1</sup>have recently reported in<i>JAMA</i>that low-dose chemotherapy with central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis and zidovudine maintenance did not compromise the therapeutic outcome of 42 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, patients with poor prognosis, ie, those with low performance status and presence of opportunistic infections (OIs), were not eligible for entry into this study. We in the French-Italian Cooperative Study Group have recently performed a prospective study in patients with poor-prognosis AIDS-related NHL, defined as those with performance status greater than 3 and/or presence of OIs. We used a low-dose chemotherapeutic regimen with CNS prophylaxis in combination with antiretroviral therapy, the aim being to reduce both the toxic effects on the bone marrow and the occurrence of OIs. The chemotherapeutic regimen employed was that used by the European Organization on Research and Treatment of
Response to Comment on: Fraser et al. The Effects of Long-Term Oral Benfotiamine Supplementation on Peripheral Nerve Function and Inflammatory Markers in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes: A 24-Month, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Diabetes Care 2012;35:1095–1097
Authors: David A. Fraser, Lien M. Diep, Inger Anette Hovden, Kristian B. Nilsen, Kari Anne Sveen, Ingebjørg Seljeflot, Kristian F. Hanssen
Journal: Diabetes Care (2012)

We welcome the commentary of Ziegler et al. (1) and are delighted to have the opportunity to clarify certain details of the study that were included in our first submission but had to be omitted because of article length restrictions.

We don’t agree with the statement that because the number of subjects included with confirmed diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN) was presumably low, our trial does not provide information on whether benfotiamine may improve or slow progression of DSPN. We found that nerve conduction study (NCS) parameters deteriorated in both groups at the same speed/level as found in earlier publications for type 1 diabetes (2). Abnormal nerve conduction score was …
Decreased Lung Perfusion Due to Broncholithiasis
Authors: THOMAS V. LLOYD
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (1979)

Two patients each with symptoms of an endobronchial lesion showed decreased unilateral lung perfusion upon radionuclide imaging. Chest films were normal except for hilar lymph node calcifications. Bronchography and tomography revealed compression and obstruction of the bronchial tree by the calcified lymph nodes, accounting for the patients' symptoms. Incomplete bronchial obstruction or collateral air drift accounted for the normal appearance of the lungs on the PA chest films.
Large-cell anaplastic lymphoma-specific translocation in Hodgkin's disease
Authors: JamesR Downing, Marc Ladanyi, Mark Raffeld, LawrenceM Weiss, StephanW Morris, Sibrand Poppema, DanielR Lucey, GeneM Shearer, Hartmut Merz, Karin Orscheschek, Brigitte Schlegelberger, AlfredC Feller, WingC Chan, Goran Elmberger, MariaD Lozano, Warren Sanger, DennisD Weisenburger
Journal: The Lancet (1995)
Mobilisation with G-CSF in healthy donors promotes a high but temporal deregulation of genes
Authors: J M Hernández, C Castilla, N C Gutiérrez, I M Isidro, M Delgado, J de las Rivas, E Fermiñán, J L García, E M Ocio, M C del Cañizo, J F San Miguel
Journal: Leukemia (2005)
Transport characteristics of folates in cerebrospinal fluid; a study utilizing doubly labeled 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and 5-formyltetrahydrofolate
Authors: M. Levitt, P. F. Nixon, J. H. Pincus, J. R. Bertino
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1971)

Serum disappearance curves in dogs after the intravenous injection of radioactive methotrexate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, and folic acid followed first-order kinetics with half-disappearance times ranging from 1.3 to 9 hr respectively. Equilibration of spinal fluid tritium levels with those in serum was rapid (3.0 hr) for both of the reduced folates but was not observed at any time after folic acid and methotrexate. The only radioactive folate identified in the spinal fluid after intravenous injection of either 5-formyltetrahydrofolate or folic acid, as well as 5-methyltetrahydrofolate was 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. These findings indicated that 5-methyltetrahydrofolate was taken up preferentially into the spinal fluid and that the other folate congeners were converted to this compound before uptake. Diphenylhydantoin administration did not alter the uptake of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate into the spinal fluid but was associated with reduced renal excretion of this compound.
Ventilatory and Cardiovascular Responses to Inspired He-O<sub>2</sub> during Exercise in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: DAVID A. OELBERG, ROBERT M. KACMAREK, PAUL P. PAPPAGIANOPOULOS, LEO C. GINNS, DAVID M. SYSTROM
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (1998)

Blunted maximum cardiac output and systemic O2 extraction could constitute primary limits to exercise in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or they could simply reflect cessation of exercise because of abnormal pulmonary mechanics. To determine which is the case, eight consecutive patients with severe COPD (FEV1 = 0.56 ± 0.04 L, mean ± SEM), five of whom had α 1-antiprotease deficiency, performed two incremental cycling tests while breathing N2-O2 or He-O2. Expired gases and V˙ e were measured, and radial and pulmonary arterial blood was simultaneously sampled each minute. Peak exercise V˙ e was higher with He-O2 than with N2-O2 (25.5 ± 2.2 versus 19.3 ± 1.5 L/min, p = 0.002) and PaCO2 was lower (42 ± 2 versus 46 ± 2 mm Hg, p = 0.0003). V˙ o 2max improved only modestly (594 ± 75 versus 514 ± 54 ml/min, p = 0.04), and was accompanied by an increase in peak exercise CaO2 (18.7 ± 0.9 versus 17.6 ± 0.9 ml/dl, p = 0.02). Peak Fick cardiac output was decreased (39 ± 3% pred) and CvO2 was elevated (130 ± 10% pred), and neither improved with He-O2 (p > 0.05 for each). Abnormal peak exercise cardiac output and systemic O2 extraction in severe COPD cannot be fully accounted for by limiting pulmonary mechanics and may contribute to exercise intolerance.
Abstract 3059: MicroRNA-140 dysfunction leads to hepatocarcinogenesis through NF-κB activation by impairing the regulation of NF-κB coactivator.
Authors: Akemi Takata, Motoyuki Otsuka, Takeshi Yoshikawa, Takahiro Kishikawa, Motoko Ohno, Haruhiko Yoshida, Kazuhiko Koike
Journal: Cancer Research (2013)

Abstract Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is a transcriptional factor that regulates a set of genes that are critical to many cellular biological processes, including liver tumorigenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate specific target gene expression.To determine the miRNAs which are involved in regulating NF-κB activation in the liver, we screened for 60 kinds of miRNAs expressing in hepatocytes that can modulate NF-κB activation. We identified that miRNA-140 suppressed NF-κB activation significantly.Because miRNA-140 dysfunction was frequently observed in human hepatocellular carcinomas, it was hypothesized that the impairment of miRNA-140 function may be involved in hepatocarcinogenesis through NF-κB activation. Nuclear receptor interacting protein 1 (NRIP1) which is coactivator of NF-κB was identified as a target of miRNA-140 and the increased NRIP1 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells this led to enhanced NF-κB activation and hepatocarcinogenesis. MiRNA-140 knockout mice were indeed prone to hepatocarcinogenesis and had a phenotype similar to results in vitro. These results indicate that miRNA-140 acts as a liver tumor suppressor and the impairment of miRNA-140 function may also lead to hepatocarcinogenesis. Citation Format: Akemi Takata, Motoyuki Otsuka, Takeshi Yoshikawa, Takahiro Kishikawa, Motoko Ohno, Haruhiko Yoshida, Kazuhiko Koike. MicroRNA-140 dysfunction leads to hepatocarcinogenesis through NF-κB activation by impairing the regulation of NF-κB coactivator. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3059. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3059
An "Experimental" Epidemic of Reiter's Syndrome Revisited
Authors: ANDREI CALIN
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1976)

The relation between a specific infective event (shigellosis), a specific disease entity (Reiter's syndrome), and a specific histocompatibility antigen (HL-A B27) is documented by follow-up study of an epidemic of post-Shigella Reiter's syndrome. Five of the original 10 patients have been traced, HL-A typed, and clinically assessed 13 years after the initial episode. One of the 5 has minimal disease, remains symptom-free, and is HL-A B27-negative. The remaining 4 have followed a chronic course, have persistent active disease, and are HL-A B27-positive. It is estimated that after this single episode of shigellosis, from one sixth to one third of the persons who were HL-A B27-positive developed Reiter's syndrome. The prognosis for postdysenteric Reiter's syndrome must be guarded, especially in the subject who is B27-positive.
Hypoxia Promotes Nuclear Translocation and Transcriptional Function in the Oncogenic Tyrosine Kinase RON
Authors: Hong-Yi Chang, Hsiao-Sheng Liu, Ming-Derg Lai, Yuh-Shyan Tsai, Tzong-Shin Tzai, Hong-Ling Cheng, Nan-Haw Chow
Journal: Cancer Research (2014)

Abstract Tumor hypoxia drives metastatic progression, drug resistance, and posttreatment relapses, but how cancer cells adapt and evolve in response to hypoxic stress is not well understood. In this study, we address this question with the discovery that the receptor tyrosine kinase RON translocates into the nucleus of hypoxic cancer cells. In response to hypoxia, nuclear RON interacts with the hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-1α in a manner that relies on RON tyrosine kinase activity, binding to the c-JUN promoter and activating it. Mechanistic investigations revealed unexpectedly that nuclear RON played a more important role in activation of the c-JUN promoter than HIF-1α, leading to increased cell proliferation, survival adaptation, in vitro migration, and tumorigenicity under hypoxic conditions. Taken together, our results pointed to a novel function for RON as a transcriptional regulator that promotes the survival of cancer cells subjected to hypoxia. These results suggest novel implications for the use of small-molecule inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies targeting the RON kinase in the prevention or treatment of advanced cancer. Cancer Res; 74(16); 4549–62. ©2014 AACR.
Vascular endothelial growth factor-A induces plaque expansion in ApoE knock-out mice by promoting de novo leukocyte recruitment
Authors: Markus Lucerna, Alma Zernecke, Ramon de Nooijer, Saskia C. de Jager, Ilze Bot, Christian van der Lans, Ivana Kholova, Elisa A. Liehn, Theo J. C. van Berkel, Seppo Yla-Herttuala, Christian Weber, Eric A. L. Biessen
Journal: Blood (2006)
Breastfeeding and Obesity Among Schoolchildren
Authors: Michiyo Yamakawa, Takashi Yorifuji, Sachiko Inoue, Tsuguhiko Kato, Hiroyuki Doi
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2013)

Although it is suggested that breastfeeding is protective against obesity in children, the evidence remains inconclusive because of possible residual confounding by socioeconomic status or children's lifestyle factors. Most of the participants in the previous studies were children in Western developed countries, so studies in a different context are awaited.To examine the associations of breastfeeding with overweight and obesity among schoolchildren in Japan, with adjustment for the potential confounders.Secondary data analyses of a nationwide longitudinal survey ongoing since 2001, with results collected from 2001 to 2009.All over Japan.A total of 43,367 singleton children who were born after 37 gestational weeks and had information on their feeding during infancy.Five mutually exclusive infant feeding practice categories.Underweight, normal weight (referent group), overweight, and obesity at 7 and 8 years of age defined by using international cutoff points of body mass index by sex and age.In multinomial logistic regression models with adjustment for children's factors (sex, television viewing time, and computer game playing time) and maternal factors (educational attainment, smoking status, and working status), exclusive breastfeeding at 6 to 7 months of age was associated with decreased risk of overweight and obesity compared with formula feeding. The adjusted odds ratios were 0.85 (95% CI, 0.69-1.05) and 0.55 (95% CI, 0.39-0.78) for overweight and obesity, respectively, at 7 years of age. Similar results were observed at 8 years of age.Breastfeeding is associated with decreased risk of overweight and obesity among schoolchildren in Japan. Therefore, it would be better to encourage breastfeeding even in developed countries.
Failure to tackle flu in birds threatens Indonesia's human population
Authors: Jane Parry
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Efforts by Indonesia to combat H5N1 avian flu outbreaks in the human population are being hampered by the difficulty in detecting and stamping out the disease in poultry, says an epidemiologist at the World Health Organization.

The disease has claimed at least 37 lives in the vast archipelago, which has a population of 220 million people. Most cases represent the sentinel case for an outbreak in poultry, said Steven Bjorge, an epidemiologist with WHO in Jakarta.

“When a human case is reported, field investigations find that birds have been dying [in the area] for days or weeks before. The problem is the virus …
THE REFLEXES OF DENTITION.
Authors: CHARLES HUNTER DUNN
Journal: JAMA (1906)

method is not to drain subcutaneously or externally-which Mr. Ballance believes to be a highly dangerous procedure, and one which almost always ends by sepsis-but to follow the method of Watson-Cheyne and do subdural drainage.In doing this catgut is introduced through the thin cortex so as to earry fluid from the ventricular cavities into the subdural space, where it will be absorbed by the Pacchionian bodies into the superior longitudinal sinus.Mr. Ballance found that this method was not successful and that these strands seldom per- formed continuous drainage.He therefore used a small fine tube of pure platinum or of fine gold and iridium, these metals not being acted on by the living fluids.The tube is passed in the same manner as are the strands of catgut, through the cortex into the subdural space, the fluid being absorbed by the Pacchionian bodies.That happens in the majority of cases and the patient will get well.In a few cases the head, after about a month's time, will continue to increase in size.He thought in those cases that the tube had become plugged, and that it would oe necessary to do another operation.He ope- rated on the other side of the head, intending to put in another tube, but when he opened the dura he found that the first tube was still patent and that there had been produced an external hydrocephalus instead of an internal hydrocephalus.In that condition he did not know what to do.
The cerebellum and the physics of movement
Authors: Helge Topka, Johannes Dichgans
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (1997)

This commentary reviews the basic physical principles underlying human single- and multi-joint arm movements. The potential role of the cerebellum in dealing with the physics of movement is discussed in the light of recent physiological findings and the theoretical model of cerebellar detection and generation of input and output sequences put forward by Braitenberg and colleagues.
Comparison of Acetylmethadol and Methadone in the Treatment of Long-Term Heroin Users
Authors: Jerome H. Jaffe
Journal: JAMA (1970)

In a double-blind controlled study, d1-α-acetylmethadol hydrochloride a synthetic congener of methadone hydrochloride with a 72- to 96-hour duration of action was compared to methadone in the treatment of long-term compulsive heroin users. The subjects were ambulatory patients whose conditions were already stabilized with oral administration of methadone. Over a five-week period of observation there were no differences in social adjustment between those patients whose conditions were maintained with a daily methadone regimen and those given d1-α-acetylmethadol three times a week.