tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Short-Term Effect of Atrial Fibrillation on Atrial Contractile Function in Humans
Authors: Emile G. Daoud, Pamela Marcovitz, Bradley P. Knight, Rajiva Goyal, K. Ching Man, S. Adam Strickberger, William F. Armstrong, Fred Morady
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Conversion of chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with atrial stunning, but the short-term effect of a brief episode of AF on left atrial appendage (LAA) emptying velocity is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a short episode of AF affects left atrial function and whether verapamil modifies this effect.The subjects of this study were 19 patients without structural heart disease undergoing an electrophysiology procedure. In 13 patients, LAA emptying velocity was measured by transesophageal echocardiography in the setting of pharmacological autonomic blockade before, during, and after a short episode of AF. During sinus rhythm, the baseline LAA emptying velocity was measured 5 times and averaged. AF was then induced by rapid right atrial pacing. After either spontaneous or electrical conversion, LAA emptying velocity was measured immediately on resumption of sinus rhythm and every minute thereafter. The mean duration of AF was 15.3+/-3.8 minutes. The mean baseline emptying velocity was 70+/-20 cm/s. The first post-AF emptying velocity was 63+/-20 cm/s (P=0.02 versus baseline emptying velocity). The post-AF emptying velocity returned to the baseline emptying velocity value after 3.0 minutes. The mean percent reduction in post-AF emptying velocity was 9.7+/-21% (range, 15% increase to 56% decrease). A second group of 6 patients were pretreated with verapamil (0.1-mg/kg IV bolus followed by an infusion of 0.005 mg. kg-1. min-1). In these patients, the first post-AF emptying velocity, 58+/-14 cm/s, was not significantly different from the pre-AF emptying velocity, 60+/-13 cm/s (P=0.08).In humans, several minutes of AF may be sufficient to induce atrial contractile dysfunction after cardioversion. When atrial contractile dysfunction occurs, there is recovery of AF within several minutes. AF-induced contractile dysfunction is attenuated by verapamil and may be at least partially mediated by cellular calcium overload.
HIV prevention gets 220m research fund
Authors: H. Macdonald
Journal: BMJ (2008)

The UK government has announced a £220m (€270m; $350m) research fund to develop technologies for the prevention of HIV, to help stop the worldwide epidemic spiralling “out of control.”

The fund will be used to develop products for neglected tropical diseases, including tuberculosis and malaria, as well as drugs, vaccines, and microbicides for HIV. 

The fund was announced at a conference in London on ways to accelerate preventive strategies for HIV infection.

At the conference, Gareth Thomas, the United Kingdom’s development minister, quoted figures from Thailand’s AIDS programme, showing that $1 spent in the 1990s on …
Preliminary experience of act-one™ coronary stent implantation
Authors: Shigeru Nakamura, Toshiyuki Degawa, Takahiro Nishida, Hitoshi Anzai, Kazuhisa Mitsuo, Hideo Sakatani, Tarou Tsunoda, Katsuto Ui, So Yabuki, Tetsu Yamaguchi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (1996)
Aneurysm of the Right Ventricle Caused by Selective Angiocardiography
Authors: RUSSELL VANDENBERG, GEORGE L. DONNELLY, K. W. MACLEOD, IAN MONK
Journal: Circulation (1964)

Two cases are reported of aneurysm formation in the outflow tract and body of the right ventricle following selective angiocardiography. The technic and complications of angiocardiography in our hands have been reviewed, and it is concluded that there is no absolute means of preventing injections of contrast material into the wall of the ventricle, if multiple side hole catheters are used. It seems probably that single end hole catheters are safer than multiple side hole catheters for selective ventriculography. The first patient developed a marked pulsation in the second and third left intercostal spaces together with changes in the plain x-ray that permitted a preoperative diagnosis of aneurysm. The second case was diagnosed at operation. The first patient developed variable cyanosis preoperatively, and during operative correction arterial desaturation together with hypotension. These changes were attributed to outflow tract obstruction by the aneurysm.
Thyroid Disease in Progressive Systemic Sclerosis: Increased Frequency of Glandular Fibrosis and Hypothyroidism
Authors: MURRAY B. GORDON
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1981)

A series of patients with fatal progressive systemic sclerosis was reviewed with regard to pathologic, clinical, and serologic evidence of thyroid disease. Histologic evidence of severe fibrosis of the thyroid gland was found significantly more frequently in 56 progressive systemic sclerosis cases (14%) compared to an age and sex matched control autopsy series (2%) from the same institution. Based on determination of serum free thyroxine, free triiodothyroxine (T3), thyroid stimulating hormone, and reverse T3, 27 patients were classified as euthyroid (11), euthyroid sick (9), and hypothyroid (7). Patients with hypothyroidism more frequently had subcutaneous calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal hypomotility, sclerodactyly, and multiple telangiectasias (the CREST syndrome variant of progressive systemic sclerosis); all thyroid glands from the hypothyroid patients had fibrosis, but lymphocytic infiltration was an infrequent finding. Six hypothyroid patients had high titers of serum antithyroid antibodies, suggesting autoimmune thyroid disease. Thyroid gland fibrosis and hypothyroidism, possibly of autoimmune pathogenesis, are thus frequent and often unsuspected findings in progressive systemic sclerosis.
Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Many Treatment Options, One Patient
Authors: Brian I. Rini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

There has been a recent expansion of therapeutic options in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) targeted at the vascular endothelial growth factor and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways, which are fundamental to the biology of RCC. These treatment options have similarities in antitumor effect but also important differences in regards to clinical effects, toxicity and patient populations in which they have been investigated. Further, issues regarding the role of debulking nephrectomy, timing of therapy, and appropriate sequencing of agents have emerged as clinically relevant. There are thus potentially many different treatment approaches to each metastatic RCC patient. This review discusses how to integrate the available data regarding targeted therapy in metastatic RCC into personalized cancer care.
The Hemorrhagic Diseases and the Pathology of Hemostasis
Authors: Robert T. Breckenridge
Journal: JAMA (1974)

Shortly after the monograph's introduction, the author reminds us that it has been 30 years since his first comprehensive work appeared on the physiology of hemostasis. This present work serves as his modern version and is intended as a practical guide for every physician who encounters bleeding problems. Easily read and well written, the book is divided into several major sections. It begins with a chapter devoted to the historical development of the modern theory of hemostasis and a section on methods. Some readers will find the methods provincial, and the references to the prothrombin consumption test redundant, but these have served the author throughout the years and he naturally stresses them. There are major oversights in the methods section that detract from its value, eg, no discussion of clottingfactor assays and tests for fibrin-split products. Interest notably increases when one begins the section where specific diseases are discussed. I
Information for Authors and for Readers
Authors: EDWARD J. HUTH
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1985)

Editorials1 July 1985Information for Authors and for ReadersEDWARD J. HUTH, M.D., Editor, KATHLEEN CASE, Managing EditorEDWARD J. HUTH, M.D., EditorSearch for more papers by this author, KATHLEEN CASE, Managing EditorSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-1-142 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptFor many years, page I-6 of each issue of this journal has containedInformation for Authors, which specifies reference formats and other manuscript requirements. An uncontrolled, unblinded study based on anecdotal evidence from our editorial office staff has convinced us that this single page is not adequate to answer all of the questions likely to be asked by prospective authors and readers interested in details of the journal's operations. We have tried to answer more of these questions in an expandedInformation for Authorspresented for the first time beginning on page I-6 of this issue. We will publish this...Reference1. . Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals. Ann Intern Med. 1982;96:766-70. LinkGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byThe Evolution of Viscous Inclined Disks in Axisymmetric and Triaxial Galaxies 1 July 1985Volume 103, Issue 1Page: 142-142 Issue Published: 1 July 1985 PDF downloadLoading ...
A Multicenter Phase II Study of Erlotinib and Sorafenib in Chemotherapy-Naïve Patients with Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Joline S.W. Lind, Anne-Marie C. Dingemans, Harry J.M. Groen, Frederik B. Thunnissen, Otto Bekers, Daniëlle A.M. Heideman, Richard J. Honeywell, Elisa Giovannetti, Godefridus J. Peters, Pieter E. Postmus, Robert Jan van Suylen, Egbert F. Smit
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Purpose: This multicenter, phase II study evaluates the efficacy and safety of erlotinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, plus sorafenib, a multityrosine kinase inhibitor against vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, in patients with previously untreated advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Experimental Design: Chemotherapy-naïve patients with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC received erlotinib (150 mg once a day) and sorafenib (400 mg twice a day) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end point was the rate of nonprogression at 6 weeks. Secondary end points included objective response rate (ORR), time to progression, overall survival, and adverse events. Exploratory end points included pretreatment EGFR and KRAS mutation status, pharmacokinetics, and cytochrome P450 polymorphisms. Results: Fifty patients initiated therapy. The nonprogression rate at 6 weeks was 74%: 12 (24%) partial response and 25 (50%) stable disease. Ultimately, the ORR was 28%. Median time to progression was 5.0 months [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 3.2-6.8 months]. Median overall survival was 10.9 months (95% CI, 3.8-18.1 months). Grade 3/4 adverse events included fatigue (16%), hand-foot skin reaction (16%), rash (16%), diarrhea (14%), and hypophosphatemia (42%). There was one treatment-related fatal pulmonary hemorrhage. Patients with wild-type EGFR had a higher ORR (19%) than previously reported for single-agent erlotinib/sorafenib. Erlotinib levels were lowered. This was associated with CYP3A4 polymorphism and was possibly due to sorafenib. Conclusion: Despite a possible drug interaction, sorafenib plus erlotinib has promising clinical activity in patients with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC and has an acceptable safety profile. Further evaluation of this combination as potential salvage therapy in EGFR mutation–negative patients and the possible drug interaction is warranted. Clin Cancer Res; 16(11); 3078–87. ©2010 AACR.
Screening and Interventions for Obesity in Adults
Authors: Kathleen M. McTigue, Russell Harris, Janet D. Allan
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2004)

Letters3 August 2004Screening and Interventions for Obesity in AdultsKathleen M. McTigue, MD, MPH, Russell Harris, MD, MPH, and Janet D. Allan, PhD, RN, CSKathleen M. McTigue, MD, MPHFrom University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7590; and University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201.Search for more papers by this author, Russell Harris, MD, MPHFrom University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7590; and University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201.Search for more papers by this author, and Janet D. Allan, PhD, RN, CSFrom University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7590; and University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-141-3-200408030-00027 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We agree with Dr. Frühbeck that in this era of epidemic obesity trends, studies citing a lack of weight assessment in the clinical setting are concerning. The current medical literature suggests that timely diagnosis and treatment of obesity may prevent considerable morbidity among U.S. adults. Our goal in addressing obesity measures, therefore, was to identify a screening tool that can be widely applied in clinical practice.Although BMI has limitations, currently it is the most appropriate initial screening instrument. Other measures may more accurately estimate body fat but are expensive and time-consuming. In clinical practice, BMI is easily ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7590; and University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoScreening and Interventions for Obesity in Adults: Summary of the Evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Kathleen M. McTigue , Russell Harris , Brian Hemphill , Linda Lux , Sonya Sutton , Audrina J. Bunton , and Kathleen N. Lohr Screening and Interventions for Obesity in Adults Gema Frühbeck Metrics Cited ByYellow nail syndrome: a reviewWeight Management Strategies for Women: A Review for Nurses 3 August 2004Volume 141, Issue 3Page: 246KeywordsAdipose tissueBody mass indexClinical trialsExerciseFatsMorbidityMortalityMusclesObesityRacial and ethnic issues ePublished: 3 August 2004 Issue Published: 3 August 2004 CopyrightCopyright © 2004 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF DownloadLoading ...
Vasculoprotective Role of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase at Inflammatory Coronary Lesions Induced by Chronic Treatment With Interleukin-1β in Pigs in Vivo
Authors: Yoshihiro Fukumoto, Hiroaki Shimokawa, Toshiyuki Kozai, Toshiaki Kadokami, Kouichi Kuwata, Yoshikazu Yonemitsu, Takeshi Kuga, Kensuke Egashira, Katsuo Sueishi, Akira Takeshita
Journal: Circulation (1997)

Background We recently developed a porcine model in which chronic, local treatment with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) causes coronary arteriosclerotic changes and hyperconstrictive responses. Inflammatory cytokines are known to induce inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in the vascular smooth muscle. This study was designed to examine whether or not the production of NO by iNOS has a protective or deleterious effect on the coronary artery in vivo. Methods and Results A segment of the porcine coronary artery was aseptically wrapped with cotton mesh absorbing IL-1β suspension. We inhibited both eNOS and iNOS activity by cotreatment with L-NAME (a nonspecific inhibitor of NOS) and iNOS activity alone by aminoguanidine (a selective inhibitor of iNOS). Immunostaining showed that iNOS was absent in the normal coronary artery, whereas it was highly expressed 1 day after the application of IL-1β and thereafter downregulated until 14 days. In contrast, eNOS was well maintained throughout the study period. Two weeks after the operation, hyperconstrictive responses to intracoronary serotonin and neointimal formation were noted at the IL-1β–treated site, and both responses were significantly greater at the site cotreated with either L-NAME or aminoguanidine. Conclusions These results indicate that iNOS is transiently induced in vivo in response to local inflammation and that NO produced by iNOS exerts an inhibitory effect against the cytokine-induced proliferative/vasospastic changes of the coronary artery in vivo.
Embryonic and tumorigenic pathways converge via Nodal signaling: role in melanoma aggressiveness
Authors: Jolanta M Topczewska, Lynne-Marie Postovit, Naira V Margaryan, Anthony Sam, Angela R Hess, William W Wheaton, Brian J Nickoloff, Jacek Topczewski, Mary J C Hendrix
Journal: Nature Medicine (2006)
LONGITUDINAL FISSURED FRACTURE OF THE LOWER END OF THE RADIUS
Authors: Joseph Lewi Bendell
Journal: JAMA (1913)

Instructor in Surgery, Albany Medical College; Attending Dispensary Surgeon, Albany Hospital; Assistant Attending Surgeon, South End Dispensary Few examples of longitudinal, or fissured, fracture of the lower end of the radius are on record. Cotton<sup>1</sup>speaks of only three specimens as constituting the entire evidence. Stimson,<sup>2</sup>who refers to the lesion as an incomplete Colles' fracture, has seen only one skiagram of the condition. The condition was first described by Bigelow,<sup>3</sup>and although there are sundry references in the literature, published radiographic findings seem to be limited to Parrish's recent article.<sup>4</sup> The latter, so far as I know, is the only published report (except this one) with roentgenographic illustration of the lesion. <h3>REPORT OF CASE</h3> W. R., aged 31, truck-driver, Sept. 19, 1912, fell from the seat of his truck, striking his right wrist against the pavement. At the time of the accident he paid but
Liver Transplantation with Use of Cyclosporin a and Prednisone
Authors: Thomas E. Starzl, Göran B. G. Klintmalm, Kendrick A. Porter, Shunzaburo Iwatsuki, Gerhard P. J. Schröter
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1981)

THE difficulties in consistently prolonging survival after orthotopic liver transplantation have been documented by us1 and by Calne.2 In this report we describe a new trial of orthotopic liver transplantation in 14 patients who were scheduled to be treated with cyclosporin A and prednisone. Two patients died during the operation. Ten (83 per cent) of the 12 patients who survived surgery and received the drugs are living after eight to 14 1/2 months; another lived for a year, before dying of a recurrence of cholangiocarcinoma.Although longer follow-up periods and more case studies will be required to establish the safety . . .
Requirement for HLA-DR+ accessory cells in natural killing of cytomegalovirus-infected fibroblasts.
Authors: S Bandyopadhyay, B Perussia, G Trinchieri, D S Miller, S E Starr
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1986)

The role of HLA-DR+ cells in NK activity against CMV-infected FS4 foreskin fibroblasts and K562 erythroleukemia cells was examined. When nonadherent PBMC were depleted of either HLA-DR+ or Leu-11b+ cells by treatment with mAbs plus C, NK activity against CMV-FS4 target cells was markedly reduced. In contrast, depletion of HLA-DR+ cells had no effect on NK activity against K562 target cells. When HLA-DR-depleted cells were added to Leu-11b-depleted cells, NK activity against CMV-FS4 was restored. Negative selection experiments indicated that the HLA-DR+ cells contributing to NK activity against CMV-FS4 are not B or T cells, while negative and positive selection experiments excluded a role for monocytes. Experiments in which HLA-DR- and Leu-11b- cells were mixed in varying proportions indicated that NK(CMV-FS4) is mediated by Leu-11b+ cells, while HLA-DR+ cells provide an accessory function. Irradiation (50 GY) abolished the NK effector function of Leu-11b+ cells, but not the accessory function of HLA-DR+ cells. The NK activity against CMV-FS4 of HLA-DR- cells was restored by the addition of rIFN-alpha or of cell-free supernatants generated by coculturing PBMC or Leu-11b- cells with CMV-FS4. The ability of these supernatants to restore NK activity of HLA-DR- cells was completely abrogated by the addition of neutralizing amounts of antibody to IFN-alpha. In related experiments, neutralization of IFN-alpha in NK assays had little or no effect on NK activity against CMV-FS4, suggesting that the accessory function of HLA-DR+ cells might be mediated by alternative mechanisms in addition to the secretion of extracellular IFN-alpha.
What's Going on With Research Project Grant Funding at NCI?
Authors: G. J. Kerkvliet
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1990)

Journal Article What's Going on With Research Project Grant Funding at NCI? Get access Gary J. Kerkvliet Gary J. Kerkvliet Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 82, Issue 10, 16 May 1990, Pages 810–812, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/82.10.810 Published: 16 May 1990
VARIATION IN THE SIZE OF TRANSPLANTS OF THE PROSTATE AND SEMINAL VESICLE IN THE ANTERIOR CHAMBER OF THE EYE
Authors: Robert A. Moore, H. B. Rosenblum, S. H. Tolins, Robert H. Melchionna
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1937)

1. A method is described with which the two-dimensional size of a transplant in the anterior chamber of the eye may be measured daily with a high degree of accuracy. 2. The size of transplants of the prostate and seminal vesicles varies from day to day and objective evidence indicates that this variation is related to physiologically active testicular tissue.
GW25-e1153 Long-term follow-up after initial ablation for patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation between saline-irrigated radiofrequency catheter and cryoballoon
Authors: Liu Jun, Ming Tang, Yan Kaufmann, Charalampos Kriatselis, Eckart Fleck, Gerds-Li Jinhong, Pihua Fang, Shu Zhang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2014)
Counseling About Physical Activity-Reply
Authors: Carl J. Caspersen
Journal: JAMA (1989)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> We appreciate the letters from Drs Gibbons and Cooper and from Drs Resnick and Greenspan. In general, we consider both letters in support of the basic recommendations we have advanced, but there are specific points in each that are worthy of comment. First, the statement referenced by Drs Gibbons and Cooper should have cited not only reference 60 of our article,<sup>1</sup>but reference 61 by Bloom and Soper<sup>2</sup>as well. This latter article reports the 80% false-positive rate. Drs Gibbons and Cooper are correct that Shepard's study found a false-positive rate of 70% assuming a 5% prevalence. Other articles assuming similar prevalence rates cite even higher false-positive rates.<sup>3,4</sup>Obviously, the values cited for positive predictive value or false-positive rates depend on the values assumed for prevalence, sensitivity, and specificity. Regardless of which numbers one uses, the basic point remains the same: that the prevalence is